jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Descriptive Styles About Spring between Abu Tammam and Matsuo Basho

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abu Tammam is considered a great Arab poet of his time. Abu Tammam created various poems from different topics such as spinning, praise, satire, and some of his poems include nature poetry about spring. On the other hand, Matsuo Basho was one of the most famous Japanese poets, but the greatest in writing haiku, and of most of his poetry about nature and its phenomena. Based on this, the researchers view that they should to be studied and analyzed the issue, and then compare the two poems of both poets. The study aims to show their creativity in formulating the two poems, and to reveal the aspects of agreements and disagreement between their vision, using the descriptive analytical method before resorting to the American School approach in comparative study, where the study attempts to highlight on the similiarites and differences between the two studied poems. The study found that both poems are full of descriptive styles by the presence of plants and rain. However, the use of descriptive styles in the two poems differs from one poet to another. Where Matsuo Basho deals in his poetry with styles that refer to the signs of nature from the names of animals such as birdds, sparrows, butterflies, mice and bats, and these nouns were not found in Abu Tamam’s poem. While the names of the cosmic such as the sun, the moon and the earth combined more for description or similes and metaphor in Abu Tamam poem. These differences are due to the difference in culture, language, and geographical condition between the two studied literatures: Arabs and Japan.
Fundamental Concepts in Electrophysiology in Cases and Reviews

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A ssimilating the increasing body of knowledge required for the treatment of patients with cardiac arrhythmias is a substantial task.The trainee is bombarded with chapters and reviews that are important for providing the frame work from which to develop a detailed and nuanced knowledge acquired from clinical experience and ongoing education.Images and Case Reports provide succinct observations of not only a novel or unusual finding, but often of the fundamentals that must be appreciated to place novel findings in context.The Teaching Points series in Circulation Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology provides a more indepth synthesis of case-based learning building on common and uncommon clinical findings.The purpose of this Casebased Curriculum in Clinical Electrophysiology is to provide the clinician and trainee with an easily accessible body of current reviews, cases and Teaching Points that cover a broad range of the field.Links to the individual articles are provided to facilitate using this article as a spring board for review. Fundamentals of Electrophysiology, Mapping, Ablation, and ElectrocardiographyEmergence of complex behavior: An interactive model of cardiac excitation provides a powerful tool for understanding electric propagation.Spector PS, et al. 1 To facilitate an understanding of the relations between electrophysiologic properties and geometry that govern conduction, block and reentry, Spector and colleagues have developed an interactive model that allows the student to study the effects of varying parameters on conduction, block, reentry and even entrainment (http://circep.ahajournals.org/cgi/content/full/CIRCEP.110.961524/DC1).
Microwave NDE method for health-monitoring of concrete structures containing alkali-silica reaction (ASR) gel

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The presence of reactive aggregates combined with sufficient moisture and concentration of alkalis are the three basic requirements for damage due alkali-silica reaction (ASR) gel formation and expansion in concrete. For health-monitoring of concrete structures, and in order to investigate the potential for detecting ASR gel formation in existing structures, one potential technique involves studying changes in the temporal complex dielectric constant of concrete structures. In this paper, a microwave nondestructive testing approach is proposed which involves soaking two hardened mortar samples and measuring the change in their temporal complex dielectric constant in order to distinguish between the sample containing ASR gel and the one devoid of it. Part of the free water becomes bound in the sample containing ASR gel and since a portion of the microcracks in this sample contain ASR gel, the rate of evaporation of water of the two samples is expected to be different. The complex dielectric constant of the samples is significantly dependent upon the volumetric level and movement (in and out of the samples) of free water. Therefore, studying the relative different temporal rate of change in this parameter is expected to yield information about the presence or absence of ASR gel.
A computational method for spectral molecular absorption using an improved Voigt algorithm

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract : Discussion of the fundamental elements and theory related to atmospheric transmittance is presented. A line-by-line transmission computer program is developed that utilizes the combined Doppler-Lorentz (Voigt) line broadening function. In addition a rapid algorithm to evaluate the Voigt function with a maximum relative error of about one part in 10,000 is described and a software package that processes the absorption line parameters necessary to calculate transmittance is given. The results of transmittance calculations for seven channels in the fifteen micrometer band, corresponding to the seven High Resolution Infrared Radiation Sounder (HIRS) channels, are furnished and the procedure to compute a band averaged transmission discussed. It is concluded that the Voigt algorithm developed here is an excellent computational procedure and the resulting transmittance program correctly calculates atmospheric transmission. (Author)
Swelling of human umbilical vein endothelial cells under treatment with Cyclosporine A

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction:Cardiovascular diseases are the most common cause of death after renal transplantation. They are based on structural and functional changes of the vessel wall, where the endothelium could play a crucial role in the pathophysiological mechanisms. Immunosuppressive drugs like Cyclosporine A (CyA) are known to have negative effects on the vessel wall and so contribute to the development of endothelial dysfunction. Because cell-based mechanisms are yet unclear we investigated the effects of CyA on single cell volume and apical surface as parameters of endothelial function in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC).
Genomic landscape analyses of reprogrammed cells using integrative and non-integrative methods reveal variable cancer-associated alterations

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Recent development of cell reprogramming technologies brought a major hope for future cell therapy applications by the use of these cells or their derivatives. For this purpose, one of the major requirements is the absence of genomic alterations generating a risk of cell transformation. Here we analyzed by microarray-based comparative genomic hybridization human iPSC generated by two non-integrative and one integrative method at pluripotent stage as well as in corresponding teratomas. We show that all iPSC lines exhibit copy number variations (CNV) of several genes deregulated in oncogenesis. These cancer-associated genomic alterations were more pronounced in virally programmed hiPSCs and their derivative teratoma as compared to those found in iPSC generated by mRNA-mediated reprogramming. Bioinformatics analysis showed the involvement of these genes in human leukemia and carcinoma. We conclude that genetic screening should become a standard procedure to ensure that hiPSCs are free from cancer-associated genomic alterations before clinical use.
Data for "The low energy-coupling respiration in Zymomonas mobilis accelerates flux in the Entner-Doudoroff pathway "

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Performing oxidative phosphorylation is the primary role of respiratory chain both in bacteria and eukaryotes. Yet, the branched respiratory chains of prokaryotes contain alternative, low energy-coupling electron pathways, which serve for functions other than oxidative ATP generation (like those of respiratory protection, adaptation to low-oxygen media, redox balancing, etc.), some of which are still poorly understood. We here demonstrate that withdrawal of reducing equivalents by the active, yet energetically uncoupled respiratory chain of the bacterium Zymomonas mobilis accelerates its fermentative catabolism, increasing the glucose consumption rate, in contrast to what has been observed in other respiring bacteria and yeast. This effect takes place after air is introduced to glucose-consuming anaerobic cell suspension, and can be simulated using a kinetic model of the Entner-Doudoroff (E-D) pathway in combination with a simple net reaction of NADH oxidation that does not involve oxidative phosphorylation. Although aeration hampers batch growth of respiring Z. mobilis culture due to accumulation of toxic byproducts, nevertheless under non-growing conditions respiration is shown to confer an adaptive advantage for the wild type over the non-respiring Ndh knock-out mutant. If cells get occasional access to limited amount of glucose for short periods of time, the elevated glucose uptake rate selectively improves starvation survival of the respiring Z. mobilis phenotype.
The Reduced-Order Model for Droplet Drift of Aerial Spraying under Random Lateral Wind

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The droplet drift during aerial spraying process of oilseed rape, which is induced by complex flow field including random lateral wind, is difficult to predict and suppress. In this study, the high-fidelity computational fluid dynamics (CFD) technique is employed to simulate the two-phase flow of droplets in the rotor flow field, and the influence of main operation parameters on spraying effect is investigated numerically. Furthermore, the mechanism of droplet deposition in various operation conditions is discussed according to the analysis of unsteady flow field characteristics. However, the simulation via CFD technique is time-consuming, and it is not suitable for multidisciplinary work and optimization design. To address such issue, a filter white Gaussian noise signal is used to mimic the random lateral wind, and the droplet drift distance is obtained numerically. Based on the input and output dataset of CFD, the recursive algorithm including nonlinear autoregressive exogenous model and surrogate-based recurrence framework and the deep learning method for time-series prediction called long short-term memory neural network are used to build the efficient reduced-order model, respectively. Numerical simulations show that the droplet drift distance can be predicted by measurable lateral wind speed via the reduced-order model approach, which agreed well with the results obtained via the CFD method. In addition, the reduced-order model could decrease computation cost by 6 orders of magnitude with an acceptable accuracy, which indicates that the proposed method could be used for the design of off-line closed-loop controller of a variable spraying system.
Spinous process wiring versus lateral mass fixation for the treatment of anterior cervical pseudarthrosis: a biomechanical comparison.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Our objective was to compare the stiffness of lateral mass screws versus two different spinous process wiring constructs in a cadaveric model of plated anterior cervical pseudoarthrosis. When treating an anterior plated pseudoarthrosis via a posterior approach, it is unclear whether the added expense, muscle exposure, and risk of lateral mass fixation are justified biomechanically versus a simpler, cheaper, and potentially less morbid wiring technique, because the presence of the anterior plate likely reduces motion over the unplated situation. Seven cadaveric cervical spines were loaded in compression, flexion, extension, lateral bending, and torsion. Each load sequence was applied to: 1) the intact spine; 2) after application of a plated ACDF construct (pACDF); and 3) after the insertion of lateral mass (LM) screws, ``modified'' triple wiring (TW), or Roger's wiring (RW), in alternating order for each specimen. For each sequence, load deformation curves and stiffness were obtained. Supplemental LM fixation significantly (p ≤ 0.05) increased stiffness versus pACDF in all six modes tested. TW significantly increased stiffness versus pACDF in compression, flexion, and torsion, but not in extension, or lateral bending. RW significantly increased stiffness versus pACDF only in axial torsion. When comparing LM to the wiring constructs, LM fixation was significantly stiffer than RW in flexion, extension, and lateral bending; LM fixation was stiffer than TW in lateral bending. LM fixation produced the stiffest overall constructs in stabilizing a plated pseudarthrosis ACDF model. It was significantly stiffer in more modes versus RW than TW.
How Deepfakes Could Change Fashion Advertising*

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Dynamic campaigns—the term for micro-targeted ads at scale—are becoming a key tool in a marketer's arsenal. Deepfakes have the potential to help brands reach customers with highly targeted and personalised messaging. Experiential marketing tends to be associated with the physical environment, like pop-up stores, but deepfake technology can bring experiential marketing online, directly to consumers, says Dhillon. Examples might include interactive fashion weeks or gaming experiences, he says. Chinese tech companies are further along in using deepfakes in marketing. In a July 2020 white paper about its plans for AI, Chinese tech giant Tencent emphasises that deepfakes are “not just about ‘faking' and ‘deceiving', but a highly creative and groundbreaking technology”. Consumer data protection is another hot subject. Supporters of deepfakes say that the success of existing face-swap apps shows that consumers are comfortable with sharing their data. The ethical implications of deepfakes have yet to be fully explored, suggests FIA's Drinkwater.
Experimental and Numerical Study of Hydrodynamics with Heat Transfer in a Gas−Solid Fluidized-Bed Reactor at Different Particle Sizes

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this research, particle size effect on heat transfer and hydrodynamics of a nonreactive gas−solid fluidized-bed reactor were studied experimentally and computationally. A multifluid Eulerian model incorporating the kinetic theory for solid particles was applied to simulate the unsteady-state behavior of this reactor and momentum exchange coefficients were calculated by using the Syamlal−O'Brien drag functions. Simulation results were compared with the experimental data to validate the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model. Pressure drops and temperature distribution predicted by the simulations at different particle sizes were in good agreement with experimental measurements at superficial gas velocity higher than the minimum fluidization velocity. Simulation results also indicated that small bubbles were produced at the bottom of the bed. These bubbles collided with each other as they moved upward forming larger bubbles. The influence of solid particles size on the gas temperature was studied. The results indicated that, for smaller particle size, due to a higher heat-transfer coefficient between the gas and solid phases, solid-phase temperature increases and mean gas temperature decrease, rapidly. Furthermore, this comparison showed that the model can predict hydrodynamic and heat-transfer behavior of gas−solid fluidized-bed reactors reasonably well.
Structural Selection ofACSR ror Transmission Lines

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

AN ATTEMPT hasbeenmadetointroduce a methodofstructural selection of ACSR (steel-reinforced aluminum cable) foroverhead transmiission lines. Thismethodisbasedonthe fact that ACSRcanbedesigned inarange ofstructural characteristics foranygiven electrical characteristics. Thisinherent flexibility makesitpossible toselect the conductor whichbestfits thestructural requirements ofa particular lineby detemining thenecessary andsufficient amountofsteel reinforcement forthe conductor. Principles ofStructural Selection Conductors foroverhead transmission lines arebothelectric andstructural components oftheline. Theoptimum characteristics ofatransmission line conductor, asanelectric component arederived byanalyzing thecomplete electric system, comprising theconditions atthesending andreceiving endoftheline. These considerations culminate inthespecificationofthemosteconomical conductor cross section andpossibly ofaminimum conductor outside diameter (OD). Ontheother hand, themostdesirable structural characteristics oftheconductor canbederived bylooking atthecomplete structural systemconsisting oftheconductors andthetowers foraparticular line. Thebasic approach ofstructural conductor selection istoestimate conductorandtowercostasafunction ofconductor characteristics andchoose thedesign forwhichthecombined costofboth becomes a minimnum. Structural selectionthusresults inthemosteconomical method ofsupporting aconductor having specificed electrical characteristics. To
Raw data of protection assay conducted on Drosophila simulans with Leptopolina heterotoma. Drosophila melanogaster naturally infected with Spiroplasma MSRO were used as a control.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Description of data: The dataset contains a record of the number of adult flies and wasps that emerged following parasitoid wasp attack. D. melanogaster naturally infected with Spiroplasma MSRO were used as a positive control. Data is in xlsl format.
Description of methods for data collection: F2 generation D. melanogaster larvae were exposed to L. heterotoma wasps, following artificial infection with Spiroplasma, Hy1. Six treatments were established: transinfected larvae with and without wasps (S+ Lh+, S+ Lh-), uninfected controls with and without wasps (S- Lh+, S- Lh-) and a positive control naturally infected D. melanogaster with and without wasps (MSRO Lh+, MSRO Lh-). For each treatment 10 replicate vials were established, each containing 15 first and second instar Drosophila larvae. The wasps were permitted to attack larvae for 3 days at 25°C under a 12 h:12 h light:dark cycle. The number of fly pupae, eclosed adult flies and the number of eclosed wasps were counted for each vial.
Column headings:
Column A- wasp: presence (Lh+) or absence of (Lh-) of L. heterotoma wasps.
Column B- species: species of Drosophila. D. simulans was artificially infected with Spiroplasma Hy1. D. melanogaster naturally infected with Spiroplasma MSRO was used as a control.
Column C- line: replicate line of transinfected flies.
Column D- infection_status: presence or absence of Spiroplasma in Drosophila larvae. Infection derived from artificial transinfecton (S+), uninfected control (S-) and Drosophila naturally infected with Spiroplasma MSRO strain (MSRO).
Column E- larvae: number of larvae placed onto the surface of Drosophila food.
Column F- pupae: number of pupae that developed in each vial
Column G- fly: number of adult flies that emerged from fly pupae
Column H- no_fly: number of adult flies that did not emerge from fly pupae
Column I- wasp: number of adult wasps that emerged from fly pupae
Column J- no_wasp: number of adult wasps that did not emerge from fly pupae
Column K- wasp_survival: proportion of adult wasps that emerged from fly pupae
Column L- fly_survival: proportion of adult flies that emerged from fly pupae
Uncertainty about Rater Variance and Small Dimension Effects Impact Reliability in Supervisor Ratings

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

We modeled the effects commonly described as defining the measurement structure of supervisor performance ratings. In doing so, we contribute to different theoretical perspectives, including components of the multifactor and mediated models of performance ratings. Across two reanalyzed samples (Sample 1, N ratees = 392, N raters = 244; Sample 2, N ratees = 342, N raters = 397), we found a structure primarily reflective of general (>27% of variance explained) and rater-related (>49%) effects, with relatively small performance dimension effects (between 1% and 11%). We drew on findings from the assessment center literature to approximate the proportion of rater variance that might theoretically contribute to reliability in performance ratings. We found that even moderate contributions of rater-related variance to reliability resulted in a sizable impact on reliability estimates, drawing them closer to accepted criteria.
Researchers develop graphene ink

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Two stratigraphic sections referable to the late Messinian have been identified and studied in eastern Tunisia; the first, south of Cape Bon (Salakta-SAL section), the second in the Sahel region (Wadi el Kebir–OK section). The analysis of the ostracod fauna content (assemblages) has revealed that in some stratigraphic levels some taxa are certainly attributable to the Lago-Mare fauna, while other taxa, observed in subsequent or previous stratigraphic levels, are referable to true shallow-water marine environments. From these latter shallow water marine levels, several ostracods species were recognized; some of which, due to their morphological particularities, have been described as new species.Consequently, in this article, 24 species belonging to the genera Cytherella, Paijenborchellina, Cimbaurila, Pokornyella, Dorukella, Graptocythere, Capsacythere, Chrysocythere, Okadaleberis, Ruggieria, Cytheretta, and Neomonoceratina are described and illustrated as new.
Seasonal distribution of Aldrichina grahami (Aldrich) in Mt. Hachijo-Fuji, Hachijo Island

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

An investigation was made to know the life history of Aldrichina grahami (Aldrich, 1930) in Hachijo Island, Tokyo, from February 1981 to May 1982. A trap baited with horse meat was set at five different altitudes, 50m, 200m, 400m, 600m and 800m, of Mt. Hachijo-Fuji. The number of flies captured was counted once a month. The larvae and pupae which had bred from meat in the trap were also counted and transferred into a separate trap for emergence. The number of the flies gradually increased from foot to top of the mountain during March to May. Following the rainy season in June, the number decreased and only one female was trapped at alt. 600m during August to September. Some females were captured again at alt. 600m and 800m in October. This suggests that some of mated females can estivate in the mountainous area above alt. 600m where it is usually cool and foggy during summer and mossforests develop. A few adults and a number of pupae were found even in winter in the trap of station 600m. The upper region of the mountain may be considered as a primary habitat of this blow fly. After estivation some females probably migrated for spawning eggs from the mountainous habitat and appeared in the town at alt. 50m. They may be successful in finding enough foods and breeding places around the human dwellings in winter and spring. The 74% of the flies were trapped in a temperature range of 2.0-9.0℃ in minimum and 16.5-23.0℃ in maximum and in a range of day length 10 : 30-14 : 20. This also suggests that the adult has a preference for such climate as being rather cool before sunrise and warm in daytime in spring and autumn.