jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Detection of New Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Clones Containing the Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin 1 Gene Responsible for Hospital- and Community-Acquired Infections in France

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) clones harboring the toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 ( tst ) gene have been detected in France and in Switzerland since 2002. During a passive survey conducted between 2002 and 2003, we collected 103 tst- positive S. aureus isolates from 42 towns in France, of which 27 were resistant to methicillin. The tst- positive MRSA belonged to two clones: a major clone comprising 25 isolates of sequence type (ST) 5 and agr group 2 and a minor clone comprising two isolates of ST30 and agr3 . The tst -positive MRSA clones were associated with both hospital-acquired (12 cases) and community-acquired (8 cases) infections. The MRSA clones were mainly isolated from children (overall median age, 3 years). They caused a variety of clinical syndromes, including toxic shock syndrome and suppurative infections. Both clones were found to harbor a type IV staphylococcal chromosomal cassette mec (SCC mec ) and to have similar antibiotic resistance profiles (usually resistant to oxacillin, kanamycin, and tobramycin and with intermediate resistance to fusidic acid). The origin of these clones is unclear. The tst -positive agr2 MRSA clone has the same sequence type (ST5) of two pandemic nosocomial MRSA clones, namely, the Pediatric clone and the New York/Japan clone. These findings suggest that all these clones are phylogenetically related. The pulsotype of the tst -positive MRSA clones differed from that of methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) clones by a single band involving the SCC mec element. These findings suggest that the tst -positive MRSA clones may have emerged from their respective MSSA counterparts.
Cognitive Acceleration through Science Education (CASE) program: Accelerating students’ cognitive development

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

As an intervention program developed to accelerate participant cognitive development, the effect of Cognitive Acceleration through Science Education (CASE) implementation in certain conditions needs to be clarified. This paper describes the effect of CASE program to the cognitive development of elementary students in Indonesia. The study used a mixed method sequential explanatory design with the quantitative data collection in the first phase by Scientific Reasoning Skill Tasks administered to all of participants both before and after intervention followed by collection of qualitative data in the second phase included interviews with the participants from both CASE and control groups. Participants of the study were 70 elementary school students (aged 10-12). After three months of intervention, students of CASE group showed higher mean gain (RGS mean= 4.4) compared to those of control group (mean RGS = 0.1). The qualitative data indicated that the CASE program also enhanced students’ motivation. Moreover, teachers who involved in the Teachers’ Professional Development (PD) Training Program developed more specific strategy to enhance student’ cognitive ability. In other words, the CASE program was a worthwhile intervention for elementary level students in Indonesian school.
Lip Amyloidosis Accompanied by Multiple Myeloma: A Case Report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

アミロイドーシスは，アミロイド蛋白がさまざまな臓器や組織に沈着し，機能障害をきたす原因不明の疾患である。 今回われわれは，多発性骨髄腫に合併した口唇アミロイドーシスの一例を経験した。症例は50歳男性。初診時，上下唇に結節があり，生検にてアミロイドの沈着が確認された。初診より9年経過し，口唇病変に変化は無い。本邦における報告の検討では口腔に生じるアミロイドーシスは舌が多く，口唇での発症はまれであった。
Displaced Descending Colon and Dolichosigmoid with Uncommon Sigmoidal Artery Branching Pattern

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Sigmoid colon is a part of large intestine and normally measures 15” in length that extends from the pelvic brim to the third piece of the sacrum where it becomes the rectum. Dolichosigmoid or redundant sigmoid colon is a term used for sigmoid colon longer than its normal size. The present case had a displaced descending colon and a redundant part of sigmoid colon. During a routine dissection class for medical students, an anatomical variation related to sigmoid colon in an 87‐year‐old male cadaver was found. The colon was carefully dissected and studied in detail the position, attachment of sigmoid mesocolon, examination of viscera in close proximity and the blood supply to each part of the large intestine. A meticulous review of the literature was conducted as well. An anomalous displacement of descending and sigmoid colons was found. The descending colon is normal in length, retroperitoneal and lying close to the mid‐line leaving out a space to its left that was occupied by loops of jejunum and ileum. The sigmoid colon is composed of redundant ascending and normal descending parts. The redundant part of the sigmoid colon is centrally placed as a loop ascending into the peritoneal cavity reaching the splenic flexure at the level of T11 approximately. The descending part of the sigmoid colon crosses the midline at L1 and runs close to the right midclavicular line continuing as rectum. The total length of sigmoid colon measures 23.2”. The blood supply to the redundant part of the sigmoid comes from a common trunk arising from inferior mesenteric that splits into left colic and two additional sigmoidal branches. The blood supply to the descending part of sigmoid is supplied by sigmoidal artery coming directly from inferior mesenteric artery. The branching pattern of sigmoidal arteries compared to previous cases in the literature makes this case very unique. Embryology of gut development is complex and often unpredictable, leading to variations in length and position. The growth and rotation of midgut is divided into four stages. An excess of growth of the caudal segment of gut tube in stage 3 can cause redundant sigmoid. This variation could increase the chances of sigmoid volvulus, constipation and may pose risk as the loops may coil around and form a knot leading to obstruction. A redundant loop of sigmoid colon may be asymptomatic or it might lead to urinary, digestive and vascular complications. The descending colon is normal in length but lies close to the midline which may compress the aorta when loaded with feces. Radiologists and surgeons must be well aware of these variations to establish a correct diagnosis and assert the appropriate management when performing colonoscopy, sigmoidoscopy and abdominopelvic procedures. Support or Funding Information Department of Anatomy Touro College of Osteopathic Medicine This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal .
Affinity of the HIV-1 nucleocapsid protein for structural motifs in the genomic RNA packaging domain

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The HIV-1 nucleocapsid protein (NCp7) plays several vital roles in the lifecycle of HIV and thus presents a valuable new target for drug discovery. A fluorescence based binding assay for NCp7 was developed that allows the measurement of NCp7 affinity for specific regions of the HIV-1 genome and can be adapted to develop a competition assay for NCp7. Utilizing this assay, the affinity of NCp7 for four apical stem loops and two internal stem bulges within the HIV-1 packaging region have been determined. Also, a total of three NCp7 proteins were found to bind a 154mer encompassing the majority of the HIV-1 packaging region. Within the HIV-1 packaging region, one stem loop (SL3), is responsible for approximately 90% of packaging efficiency. In order to better understand the determinants of SL3 affinity for NCp7, we modified the sequence and size of SL3. From this study, it was determined that the guanine bases at positions 318 and 320 are primarily responsible for affinity to NCp7. Also, a stem of four base pairs is necessary to maintain strong affinity for NCp7. Finally, aptamers for NCp7 developed by other groups were tested for affinity to NCp7 utilizing our assay. These longer aptamers were found to bind multiple NCp7 proteins and to contain smaller stem loops with the tight binding GUG sequence in the apical loop as determined by the Mfold program. Binding assays performed with these smaller stem loops seem to indicate these are the regions of the aptamers responsible for NCp7 affinity.
A proposal for cellularity assessment for EGFR mutational analysis with a correlation with DNA yield and evaluation of the number of sections obtained from cell blocks for immunohistochemistry in non-small cell lung carcinoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aims Different approaches have been described for reporting specimen adequacy for epidermal growth factor receptor ( EGFR ) mutation analysis. We aimed: (1) to conduct cellularity assessment and to investigate its association with DNA yield, (2) to compare the H&E slides taken before and after the thick sections (curls) obtained for EGFR testing and (3) to evaluate the number of ancillary studies performed. Methods Cell block (CB) slides of 110 non-small cell lung carcinoma cases submitted to EGFR analysis from 2010 to 2012 were reviewed for total cellularity (ranges 1–100, 100–250, 250–500, 500–750, 750–1000 and >1000 cells), tumour cellularity (ranges 1–50, 50–100, 100–300 and >300 cells) and the percentage of tumour cells. Precurl and postcurl H&E slides were compared using the three criteria. The number of immunohistochemistry (IHC) markers and special stains and DNA yield were recorded. Results DNA yield was significantly associated with the total cellularity, number and percentage of tumour cells. For 46 cases with precurl and postcurl slides, only three (6.5%) were classified as being different and in two of them the postcurl slide had greater cellularity than the precurl. IHC was performed in 83 cases, with a minimum of 1 and a maximum of 11 markers (median of 3) per case. Conclusions An association between the total cellularity and the tumour cellularity with the DNA yield was demonstrated using the ranges described. Evaluation of a postcurl slide is an unnecessary practice. The majority of the CB had sufficient material for ancillary studies (up to 11 markers) and mutation testing.
IMMUNOLOGICAL RELATION OF BASEMENT MEMBRANE AND A SERUM BETA GLOBULIN IN THE MOUSE. DEMONSTRATION OF RENAL BASEMENT MEMBRANE ALTERATION IN MICE INJECTED WITH STREPTOLYSIN S.

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Antiserum to a fraction of mouse β globulin isolated by electrophoresis and column chromatography was found reactive by immunofluorescence with renal basement membrane of glomeruli and tubules, and with basement membrane and connective tissue in other organs. This method for staining renal basement membrane was applied to the study of renal lesions produced in mice by streptolysin S. In lesions characterized by early changes of acute tubular necrosis a marked decrease in ability to stain tubular basement membrane was observed. Reappearance of staining property in basement membrane was linked to re-regeneration of diseased tubules. Repeated injections of streptolysin S produced alterations in staining also of glomerular basement membrane
Best $L_p$ Isotonic Regressions, $p \in \{0, 1, \infty\}$

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Given a real-valued weighted function $f$ on a finite dag, the $L_p$ isotonic regression of $f$, $p \in [0,\infty]$, is unique except when $p \in [0,1] \cup \{\infty\}$. We are interested in determining a ``best'' isotonic regression for $p \in \{0, 1, \infty\}$, where by best we mean a regression satisfying stronger properties than merely having minimal norm. One approach is to use strict $L_p$ regression, which is the limit of the best $L_q$ approximation as $q$ approaches $p$, and another is lex regression, which is based on lexical ordering of regression errors. For $L_\infty$ the strict and lex regressions are unique and the same. For $L_1$, strict $q \scriptstyle\searrow 1$ is unique, but we show that $q \scriptstyle\nearrow 1$ may not be, and even when it is unique the two limits may not be the same. For $L_0$, in general neither of the strict and lex regressions are unique, nor do they always have the same set of optimal regressions, but by expanding the objectives of $L_p$ optimization to $p < 0$ we show $p{ \scriptstyle \nearrow} 0$ is the same as lex regression. We also give algorithms for computing the best $L_p$ isotonic regression in certain situations.
Differences in interleukin-6 and interleukin-17 expression in covid-19 post-mortem lung tissue biopsy compared with noncovid- 19

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract: \nBackground: COVID-19 has spread rapidly around the world. It is necessary to study lung tissue of postmortem COVID19 patients to determine the molecular alteration particularly the role of IL-6 and IL-17 in causing fatality. Objective: This study aims to determine the differences in the expressions of IL-6 and IL-17 in lung tissue of post-mortem COVID-19 patients compared to non-COVID-19 patients. This study also aimed to analyze the correlation between the expressions of IL-6 and IL-17 in lung tissue of post-mortem COVID-19 patients. Methods: This research is an observational analytic study with crosssectional approach. The samples were 15 paraffin blocks of post-mortem lung tissue biopsy of COVID-19 patients, and 15 paraffin blocks of inflammatory lung tissue biopsy or surgery of non-COVID-19 patients. IL-6 and IL-17 expressions were evaluated by immunohistochemical procedure. Result: There was a significant difference in the expression of IL-6 in the COVID-19 group and the non-COVID-19 group with a p-value = 0.001 (p < 0.05). There was a significant difference in the expression of IL-17 in the COVID-19 group and the non-COVID-19 group with p-value = 0.001 (p < 0.05). There was a significant correlation between the expressions of IL-6 and IL-17 in the COVID-19 group, with the Spearman coefficient value (rs) of 0.548 with p = 0.034 (p < 0.05). Conclusion: There are differences in the expression of IL-6 and IL-17 between COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 lung tissue. There is a significant correlation between the expressions of IL-6 and IL-17 in post-mortem lung tissue of COVID-19 patients.
Integrating relations and criminal background to identifying key individuals in crime networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

One of the most common methods used in the social network analysis of criminal groups is node importance \nevaluation, which focuses on the links between network members to identify likely crime suspects. Because \nsuch traditional node evaluators do not take full advantage of group members' individual criminal propensities, \na new evaluator called the social network criminal suspect evaluator (SNCSE) is proposed. SNCSE \nincorporates members' individual criminal propensities into the node importance evaluation and employs a \nnovel perspective based on concepts of human and social capital, an ego network structure, and an analogy \nbetween social interaction and field theory. SNCSE is applied to solve two real-world problems. Its effectiveness \nis compared with that of traditional evaluators. The results show that integrating criminal propensity \ninto network analysis enables the more accurate identification of key suspects compared to alternative \nevaluators.
Cooperation and fairness: the flood–Dresher experiment revisited

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

In this paper we set out to deepen our understanding of the importance of fairness in decision-making within the context of Prisoners' Dilemma games. A review of the “historic” Flood-Dresher experiment provides a useful empirical basis, as it allows us to look in considerable detail at how the experimental players made up their minds. We try out several game-theoretical readings of the experimental results, and find some value in Adam Smith's age-old concept of rules of conduct. We find that fairness considerations are much more than mere excuses for taking a free ride or pointers to focal points. They seem to play a considerable role both at a conscious and at a less-than-conscious level.
LHD 10-O_R_01 #179256.26 (analyzed)

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Luminance data of the plasma monitor camera. Time variation of the average and maximum luminance within the ROI (Region of Interests) of the plasma images observed by the 10-O Right port camera, where ROI is (858,212) - (924,308) of the original image of 1920x1080. The luminance value is between 0 and 255 in arbitrary unit.
Design of Logistic Map-Based Spreading Sequence Generation for Use in Wireless Communication

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Spread spectrum modulation (SSM) finds important place in wireless communication primarily due to its application in Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) and its effectiveness in channels fill with noise like signals. One of the critical issues in such modulation is the generation of spreading sequence. This chapter presents a design of chaotic spreading sequence for application in a Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DS SS) system configured for a faded wireless channel. Enhancing the security of data transmission is a prime issue which can better be addressed with a chaotic sequence. Generation and application of chaotic sequence is done and a comparison with Gold sequence is presented which clearly indicates achieving better performance with simplicity of design. Again a multiplierless logistic map sequence is generated for lower power requirements than the existing one. The primary blocks of the system are implemented using Verilog and the performances noted. Experimental results show that the proposed system is an efficient sequence generator suitable for wideband systems demonstrating lower BER levels, computational time and power requirements compared to traditional LFSR based approaches.
Necessity of preoperative imaging of the gastro-epiploic arcade prior to esophageal resection.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Vascularization of the gastric tube is essential for healing of the esophagogastric anastomosis after resection and reconstruction in patients with esophageal cancer. Leakage of the anastomosis is significantly associated with perioperative mortality. Knowledge of the vascular anatomy before gastric tube construction is of great importance in patients with previous surgery and potential division of the right gastro-epiploic vessels. 3D-computed tomographic angiography is effective for assessing the suitability of the gastro-epiploic arcade prior to esophagectomy by obtaining a road map of the graft's blood supply, as demonstrated in a 72-year-old patient with adenocarcinoma of the distal esophagus and previous extended right hemicolectomy for colon cancer.
The role of experience in parenting beliefs of British and Italian women during pregnancy

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract To understand the role of experience in parenting beliefs about caring for infants, we examined the parenting beliefs of pregnant women who were expecting their first child with those of pregnant women who already had at least one other child. A culturally diverse sample of 550 British and Italian women completed self‐report measures evaluating their beliefs about the value of attunement and structure in caregiving, parenting self‐efficacy, and home chaos. Psychometric evaluation confirmed the two‐factor structure of the Baby Care Questionnaire (BCQ) for measuring attunement and structure but did not support configural invariance across the different samples. Beliefs about attunement and structure were related to parenting experience: pregnant women who already had at least one other child reported stronger beliefs in attunement, whereas pregnant women expecting their first child reported stronger beliefs in structure. Regression analyses revealed that the associations between parenting beliefs and experience remained when controlling for country, age, and education. Despite the limitations imposed by the lack of configural invariance, this cross‐sectional, cross‐cultural study constitutes an important first step in examining the relations between parenting experience and parenting beliefs during pregnancy.
Abnormal downregulation of 10‐formyltetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase promotes the progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma by activating PI3K/Akt/Rb pathway

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background 10‐formyltetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (ALDH1L1) is a major folate enzyme, which is usually underexpressed in malignant tumors and competes with tumors for the same folate substrate. However, the specific role and mechanisms of ALDH1L1 in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remainsobscure. Methods The expression level of ALDH1L1 in paired OSCC tissues and adjacent noncancerous tissues were detected by quantitative realtime PCR, Western blot and immunohistochemistry. The relationship between ALDH1L1 expression and clinical characteristics was analyzed. Besides, CCK8, EdU staining, colony formation, wound healing, transwell invasion, apoptosis, cell cycle assays and nude mice tumor bearing experiments were employed to assess the role of ALDH1L1 in OSCC. To explore the underlying mechanisms of these effects, cell cycle‐related markers were examined. Results In this study, we revealed that ALDH1L1 expression was significantly reduced in OSCC, and its downregulation was associated with the malignancy of the tumor and poor prognosis of patients. In vivo and in vitro experiments, downregulation of ALDH1L1 in OSCC significantly inhibited the occurrence of NADP + ‐dependent catalytic reactions and facilitated tumor cell growth, migration, invasion, survival, cell cycle progression, and xenograft tumor growth. On the contrary, re‐expression of ALDH1L1 plays a similar role to anti‐folate therapy, promoting NADPH production and suppressing the progression of OSCC. Furthermore, ALDH1L1 overexpressing obviously inhibited the expression of PI3K, p‐Akt, CDK2, CDK6, Cyclin D1, Cyclin D3, and Rb in OSCC cells, and promoted the expression of p27. LY294002 and 740 Y‐P were used to confirm the inhibitory effects of ALDH1L1 on OSCC progression through PI3K/Akt/Rb pathway. Conclusion Our findings highlight the clinical value of ALDH1L1 as a prognostic marker and the potential of a new target for anti‐folate therapy.
Magneto-mechanical cycling and modeling the external \nstress effect on the magnetic-field-controlled strain response\n in Ni-Mn-Ga

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

\nPresent publication gives a detailed theoretical concept and also \npresents the relevant experimental results concerning the effect of the \nconstant external stress on the magnetic-field-controlled strain response \nduring the cycling in magnetic field in Ni-Mn-Ga. We also discuss the \nphysical mechanism of this effect using our latest model developments. \nSimultaneously we give the most important information about the main \nstructural, magnetic and mechanical properties related to a family of \nnon-stoichiometric Ni-Mn-Ga alloys having three different type of \nmartensite crystal structures.\n
Automatización y empleo en Uruguay

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The debate surrounding the impacts of automation on employment has become increasingly relevant in recent years. However, the growing empirical evidence has been largely focused on developed countries. The purpose of this article is to identify, based on quantitative and qualitative exercises, the relative changes in occupations and types of tasks that could be consistent with an automation process in the Uruguayan retail sector. This is significant because it is a non-tradable sector that requires mainly low-skilled workers in a middle-income country. A task content displacement effect is observed, to the detriment of workers with low educational levels and non-routine manual tasks, in favor mostly of cognitive-routine ones. These results are useful for the design of vocational training policies.