jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Depth Contour Map Series - Depths Of 150 Degc Isothermal Surface

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Depth contour map of the 150°C isotherm (map scale 1:500 000). See the Summary Report "Geothermal Models at Supra-Regional Scale", Goetzl Gregor & Zekiri Fatime (2012), for specific details on the methodologies and approaches applied.
Remedial cases in arithmetic

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article is intended to serve as a preface to a series of reports of four case studies in arithmetic. In these papers, which are to follow in successive issues of the PEABODY JOURNAL OF EDUCATION, detailed accounts will be given of the methods of diagnosis and of remedial instruction which were employed with four children in the Peabody Demonstration School who were represented by their teachers as having difficulty in arithmetic. That is to say, these children were normal, and some of them distinctly above normal, in general intelligence and in all phases of their school work except the one of arithmetic, in which they seemed to have some special disability. The publication of this series of reports will, it is hoped, accomplish two purposes. The first of these purposes is the immediate, practical one of providing teachers with certain specific instructional techniques which they may find of value in dealing with problem cases in arithmetic. The second purpose is less direct and perhaps somewhat more theoretical. It is to supply evidence with regard to the nature of the learning process in arithmetic, with the end in view of making possible better initial instruction in this subject, and hence of making unnecessary remedial instruction. The fact that remedial instruction is needed at all in any school is an admission that initial instruction has been inadequate. This prefatory paper is devoted to an explanation of the general plan of procedure which was followed by the authors of the reports in making their case studies; to the exposition of the point of view which dictated the general scheme of remedial instruction; and to a brief statement of the measurable results of the work with the individual children. GENERAL PROCEDURE
A new plasmid (QpDV) common to Coxiella burnetii isolates associated with acute and chronic Q fever

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Genetic studies of Coxiella burnetii strains suggested the possibility of differentiating new isolates according to their plasmid DNA content. Virulence and/or clinical manifestations ('chronic' and 'acute' Q fever) had been claimed to correlate with this plasmid typing. A new plasmid, named QpDV, was found to be common to C. burnetii isolates obtained from acute and chronic Q fever. According to the results obtained, plasmid usage for detection and differentiation of respective pathovars of C. burnetii and the correlation between gene specificity and pathovar has to be revised. Closer studies suggested a common origin of C. burnetii plasmids, but also showed some differences characteristic for each plasmid, probably reflecting divergent evolution.
KardiaSoft Architecture – A Software Supporting Diagnosis and Therapy Monitoring of Heart Failure Patients Exploiting Saliva Biomarkers

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The aim of this work is to present the architecture of the KardiaSoft software, a clinical decision support tool allowing the healthcare professionals to monitor patients with heart failure by providing useful information and suggestions in terms of the estimation of the presence of heart failure (heart failure diagnosis), stratification-patient profiling, long term patient condition evaluation and therapy response monitoring. KardiaSoft is based on predictive modeling techniques that analyze data that correspond to four saliva biomarkers, measured by a point-of-care device, along with other patient's data. The KardiaSoft is designed based on the results of a user requirements elicitation process. A small clinical scale study with 135 subjects and an early clinical study with 90 subjects will take place in order to build and validate the predictive models, respectively.
Exploring Indirect "Scope 3" Greenhouse Gas Emissions for Oil and Gas

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Objectives/Scope Stakeholder and government expectations on transparency and disclosure are steadily growing. Specifically for greenhouse gas emissions, there are greater pressures to move beyond reporting direct corporate emissions and indirect emissions from energy use, to disclosing other indirect emissions ("Scope 3") deemed to be material. These emissions are from sources such as capital goods, business travel, franchises and use of sold products. In 2011 WRI/WBCSD released the GHG Protocol Corporate Value Chain (Scope 3) Accounting and Reporting standard to help companies identify, estimate and report these emissions. Methods, Procedures, Process In 2014, IPIECA, in collaboration with API, began work with consultant Environ (now Ramboll Environ) to support companies on the topic through two activities. Firstly, by identifying sources of scope 3 emissions in the oil and gas industry, as well as evaluating their materiality, and secondly, by detailing the different estimation approaches for those wishing to report them. Results, Observations, Conclusions, In establishing the boundaries of a scope 3 inventory, companies must first determine which activities are material. Materiality determinations should be based on both qualitative criteria (such as influence, risk, stakeholders, outsourcing and sector guidance) and quantitative consideration in order to meet the needs of inventory users, including both reporting companies and external stakeholders. We examine the 15 categories of scope 3 emissions as defined by the 2011 WRI/WBCSD GHG Protocol Corporate Value Chain guidance, and provide detailed guidance on those categories deemed to be material, as well as summary guidance for those categories less likely to be material. Of the 15 scope 3 categories, two are likely to be most material. Use of sold products (Category 11) is the dominant category for companies in the fuels value chain. For petrochemical companies a number of categories appear likely to be material, particularly purchased goods and services (Category 1). IPIECA have since been considering approaches to corporate value chain accounting (Scope 3), intending to identify credible, consistent, and reliable scope 3 GHG accounting and reporting practices from oil and gas companies. This paper outlines some of the materiality, boundary, and methodological considerations relevant to emissions sources for the petroleum industry. It includes accounting and reporting principles, and criteria and guidance for identifying materiality. Novel, Additive information In addressing boundary issues, we describe different tactics for reporting depending on where in the value chain a business operates. In addition it explores how to address the materiality of category 11 Use of Sold Products and the issue unique to the fuels industry of how to consider the duplication of category 11 emissons in other categories.
Enhanced pairing mechanism in cuprate-type crystals

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Using a BCS mean-field approach, we show how the interplay between low-momentum optical phonons and Jahn-Teller-type lattice distortions can open an attractive channel that allows the formation of pairs with the corresponding density exhibiting characteristic features of a pair-density wave (PDW). We demonstrate this numerically on a copper-oxide type lattice.
Advantages of regional anesthesia for carotid endarterectomy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

At 190 patients with carotid endarterectomy the relative assessment of total intravenous anaesthesia with use propofol, penetrating blockage of a cervical plexus and inhalation sevofluran is made. Cerebral circulation parametres, markers of cerebral damage, a state of the highest mental functions were investigated. It is shown that for each kind of anaesthesia specific changes of parametres of the cerebral blood-groove, defining level neuronal damages that affects on a state of number and character of postoperative complications are characteristic.
Efficacy of Omeprazole, Tetracycline, and 4 Times Daily Dosing of Amoxicillin in Helicobacter pylori Eradication in Limited Resource Area in Bhutan: A Prospective Randomized Trial (BHUTAN Study)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Backgrourd: H. pylori-associated gastric cancer is the first cancer-related death in Bhutan. Effective regimen for H. pylori eradication is essential to reduce risk of developing gastric cancer. Clarithromycin is not widely used in this limited resource country. Aim of this study was to evaluate proper regimen and prevalence of antibiotic resistance pattern for H. pylori eradication in Bhutan. Methods: Five hundred and forty-six patients underwent gastroscopy during GASTROCAMP between October 2014 and April 2015 in Bhutan and 77 patients were enrolled. Four gastric biopsies were obtained for rapid urease test, histopathology, H. pylori culture with Epsilometer test. All H. pylori-positive patients were randomized to receive either 7-day or 14-day of 500 mg amoxicillin four times daily, 500 mg tetracycline four times daily, and 20 mg omeprazole twice daily. Results: Seventy-seven subjects were enrolled (54 females, 23 males, mean age = 45.4 years). Of 77 patients, 52 (67.5%) received 7-day regimen while 25 (32.5%) had 14-day regimen. Prevalence of H. pylori was 38.2%. Antibiotic resistance was 80.0% for metronidazole, 11.1% for levofloxacin and no resistance seen in amoxicillin, tetracycline and clarithromycin. Overall eradication rates of 7-day and 14-day regimens were 51.9% and 80.0%, p = 0.02. Female and age ≥40 years had significantly higher eradication rate when receiving 14-day compared to 7-day regimen (94.1% vs. 45.9%, OR = 18.82; 95% CI 2.26-157.02, p = 0.0007 and 86.7% vs. 50.0%, OR = 6.50; 95% CI 1.25-33.91, p = 0.02, respectively). Conclusions: Fourteen-day regimen might be an acceptable regimen for H. pylori eradication in limited resource area such as Bhutan. Female and age ≥40 years should receive longer duration of treatment. This 14-day regimen could at least reduce the risk of developing H. pylori-associated diseases especially peptic ulcer with complications and gastric cancer which lead to many deaths in Bhutan.
Introduction and scope of report

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The report revises and expands upon the 1976 and 1978 publications for the Dinantian and Silesian, respectively, combining them into a single account of British and Irish Carboniferous stratigraphy. The need to update the two Special Reports reflects the considerable advances in Carboniferous geology over the last 30 years. The report covers developments in international chronostratigraphy and incorporates wholesale reassessments of British lithostratigraphy. A huge volume of biostratigraphical information has been published over recent decades and the report summarizes the key information.Carboniferous rocks have long been of economic importance, but it is the search for hydrocarbons, in its infancy at the time of the previous reports, which has greatly increased our understanding of Carboniferous successions offshore and at depth, particularly in southern and eastern England.
Treatment Strategies of Adult Primary Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis: A Systematic Review Focusing on the Last Two Decades

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Adult primary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) remains a therapeutic challenge for the treating physician. With the advent of novel immunosuppressive measures, our arsenal of therapeutic options increased considerably. The aim of this review was to summarize reports published over the last two decades which reported on treatment outcome. Most reports included patients with a steroid-resistant (SR) disease course, yet the cohort with the highest unmet need, since persistent nephrotic range proteinuria is associated with a poor renal prognosis and portends a high risk of developing end-stage renal disease. While in first-line treatment, steroid treatment remains the recommended standard with an overall remission rate of 50% and higher, optimal treatment strategies for steroid-dependent/multirelapsing (SD/MR) and SR patients have to be defined. In both entities, calcineurin inhibitors showed good efficacy, while mycophenolate mofetil was less effective in SR cases compared to those with SD/MR. The same was true for rituximab, a monoclonal antibody targeting B-cells. In resistant cases, addition of extracorporeal treatment options or treatment with alkylating agents may be considered. To shape the future for treatment of FSGS, international collaborations to conduct larger clinical trials are needed to identify potential novel efficacious immunosuppressive or immunomodulatory therapies.
The Residences of the Lucchese Merchants in Bruges (1390–1430): Their Social Network, the Locations of Their Real Estate, and the Financial Drivers for Their Properties

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Late medieval Bruges was a thriving cosmopolitan city in which merchant communities from several Italian nations had established their nation houses. Around 1400, the merchants from Lucca had also formed a very noticeable and distinct identity, having established a strong reputation as credit suppliers. These Lucchese merchants had their residences on Kuipersstraat and Naaldenstraat. Thanks to a new comparative analysis of dozens of annuity books, it has been possible to locate precisely many more members of the ‘golden generation’ of Lucchese merchants (1390–1430). This research has created a clear and detailed insight into the social network of this specific community and into the financial dynamics behind their properties. This sheds an illuminating light on the fascinating merchants we know from Dino Rapondi and the Arnolfinis.
Relation Between Cancer and Congenital Defects: An Epidemiologic Evaluation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The extent to which childhood oncogenesis is accompanied by teratogenesis was evaluated. Among neoplasms with peaks in children under 5 years of age, leukemia was associated with certain inborn (or acquired) chromosomal abnormalities; glioma and medulloblastoma with certain phakomatoses; and Wilms' tumor, primary liver cancer, and adrenocortical neoplasia with congenital hemihypertrophy. Hemihypertrophy was, in turn, associated with two other forms of growth excess—hamartomas and congenital visceral cytomegaly. Neuroblastoma, unlike Wilms' tumor with which it shares a peak under 5 years of age and other characteristics suggestive of intrauterine origin, did not occur excessively with these growth excesses or any other congenital defects. Wilms' tumor was linked also with aniridia, independent of hemihypertrophy. Lack of a peak before 5 years of age did not signify lack of an association with congenital anomalies; there was an increased risk of lymphoma among persons with inherited immunologic disorders and of gonadoblastoma among persons with dysgenetic gonads. Among neoplasms not known to be related to congenital defects, Hodgkin's disease displayed an upturn in mortality at 11 years of age, which suggests a relationship to the involution of lymphatic tissue in children at 7 years, and the much higher risk of bone sarcoma in giant as compared with small breeds of dogs and in boys as compared with girls after adolescence suggests a relationship to rate of bone growth.
Mechanochemical Synthesis of Porous Molecular Assemblies

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTMechanochemical Synthesis of Porous Molecular AssembliesOmar BarredaOmar BarredaDepartment of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United StatesMore by Omar Barreda, Garrett A. TaggartGarrett A. TaggartDepartment of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United StatesMore by Garrett A. Taggart, Casey A. RowlandCasey A. RowlandDepartment of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United StatesMore by Casey A. Rowland, Glenn P. A. YapGlenn P. A. YapDepartment of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United StatesMore by Glenn P. A. Yap, and Eric D. Bloch*Eric D. BlochDepartment of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States*E. D. Bloch. E-mail: [email protected]More by Eric D. Blochhttp://orcid.org/0000-0003-4507-6247Cite this: Chem. Mater. 2018, 30, 12, 3975–3978Publication Date (Web):May 30, 2018Publication History Received20 April 2018Revised30 May 2018Published online30 May 2018Published inissue 26 June 2018https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.chemmater.8b01667https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.8b01667rapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2018 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2426Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Chemical synthesis,Ligands,Materials,Physical and chemical processes,Two dimensional materials Get e-Alerts
Construction and Experimental Validation of a Homemade Stirred Tank Bioreactor for Lab-scale Submerged Fermentations

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Small-scale bioreactors are widely used for experimentation in microbiological laboratories. Currently, the price of these systems is in the order of € 20 000, which obstructs its acquisition. A homemade stirred tank system, with easily available and inexpensive resources, was designed and assembled so that meets the essential requirements for the establishment of microbial fermentation processes on a small-scale. In this regard, the sterility of the system was checked by applying sterility controls during 24 h of continuous operation under real conditions of handling, including three samplings. The oxygen transfer coefficient (kla) was determined by the sulfite method, under different aeration-agitation conditions, yielding values of 0, 058 s-1 and 0, 033 s-1 under 0, 67 L·min-1 of air flow rate and stirring rates of 850 min-1 and 650 min-1, respectively, which result usually sufficient for optimal microbial growth. The bioreactor exhibited a satisfactory mixing performance, which is expressed by its ability to maintain the temporal stability of the concentration of an insoluble, high density and finely divided solid (BaSO4). These results show the practical potentialities of this homemade bioreactor to the study of microbial fermentation at lab -scale level.
The photo‐gonadal response of a migratory bunting: Evidence of an external coincidence system

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Male redheaded buntings ( Emberiza bruniceps ) were subjected to continuous darkness (DD) or short days (8L/16D) after photo‐stimulation (15L/9D) for either 15 or 30 days. Two groups of birds (four each), after photo‐stimulation for 30 days, were continued on a regimen of 15L/9D. Another two groups (of four each) of photo‐sensitive birds were also subjected to DD or 8L/16D; they served as controls. The effect of transfer to DD or 8L/16D on the size of testes was found not be dependent upon the size attained at the time of transfer. The rate of testicular regression was nearly the same under both the treatments, i.e., in those birds transferred either to DD or to 8L/16D. The birds that were maintained on 15L/9D maintained enlarged testes; this excluded the possibility of the onset of photo‐refractoriness during the treatment period. On the other hand, testes were not photo‐stimulated in the photo‐sensitive birds subjected to DD or 8L/16D. These results are consistent with the Bünning‐Pittendrigh avian external coincidence model, but could be explained alternatively by a relatively simple internal coincidence model. Nevertheless, the application of the law of parsimony suggests the acceptance of the hypothesis of the external coincidence model.
An Attempt at the Assessment of Myocardial Contractility from Phonocardiographically Measured Time Components of Ventricular Contraction in Patients with Prosthetic Aortic Valves

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The phonocardiographically recorded time interval between the first heart sound and the mid-ejection point is a rough guide to the time interval between the onset and the peak ventricular pressure in patients with the University of Cape Town aortic valve prosthesis. This time interval is insensitive to changes in stroke volume and aortic pressure produced by variations in ventricular filling and may be used to show changes in contractility in any one patient. In a group of 42 patients with 64 postoperative phonocardiograms, mid-ejection time varied between 140 and 250 msec. A strong negative correlation with heart rate, and a strong positive correlation with the width of the QRS complex were present without any significant correlation with heart size or with other estimates of left ventricular function. It is suggested that in the abnormal myocardium, ventricular asynchrony may seriously interfere with the velocity of the ventricular contraction invalidating the assessment of contractile element velocity from the velocity components of the ventricular pressure pulse.
Optimisation of A Phase Change Thermal Storage System

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract—PCMs have always been viewed as a suitable candidate for off peak thermal storage, particularly for refrigeration systems, due to the high latent energy densities of these materials. However, due to the need to have them encapsulated within a container this density is reduced. Furthermore, PCMs have a low thermal conductivity which reduces the useful amount of energy which can be stored. To consider these factors, the true energy storage density of a PCM system was proposed and optimised for PCMs encapsulated in slabs. Using a validated numerical model of the system, a parametric study was undertaken to investigate the impact of the slab thickness, gap between slabs and the mass flow rate. The study showed that, when optimised, a PCM system can deliver a true energy storage density between 53 % and 83 % of the latent energy density of the PCM. Keywords—Phase change material, refrigeration, sustainability, thermal energy storage. I.