jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Phase II studies on weekly cisplatinum plus epirubicin or etoposide in the treatment of advanced non-small cell bronchogenic carcinoma.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Thirty-six patients with advanced non-small cell bronchogenic carcinoma were divided in 2 groups for treatment with two different platinum-based combination therapy regimens. All 16 patients who received the weekly administered combination of 10 mg/m2 cisplatin (CDDP) plus 10 mg/m2 epirubicin (4EPIDX) experienced no clinical response. Among the 20 patients who received the combination CDDP (10 mg/m2) plus etoposide (VP16, 60 mg/m2) weekly, 4 of them (20%) showed partial remission (PR). The side effects of both combinations were of mild grade. Further study is needed to verify the effectiveness of the weekly combination of CDDP and VP16 by comparing the above regimen with the "standard" intermittent doses.
Total Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 22-Hydroxyacuminatine

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

A total synthesis of 22-hydroxyacuminatine, a cytotoxic alkaloid isolated from Camptotheca acuminata, is reported. The key step in the synthesis involves the reaction of 2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]quinoline with a brominated phthalide to generate a substituted pentacyclic 12H-5,11a-diazadibenzo[b,h]fluoren-11-one intermediate. Despite its structural resemblance to camptothecin and luotonin A, a biological evaluation of 22-hydroxyacuminatine in a topoisomerase I-deficient cell line P388/CPT45 has confirmed that the observed cytotoxicity is not due to topoisomerase I inhibition, even though 22-hydroxyacuminatine has a hydroxyl group that can theoretically hydrogen bond to Asp533. This result is consistent with the hypothesis that pi-pi stacking is more important than hydrogen-bonding interactions in determining topoisomerase I inhibitor binding in the ternary cleavage complex.
Tracheobronchial Foreign Bodies

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Letters and Corrections15 September 1990Tracheobronchial Foreign BodiesWarren L. Whitlock, MD, Christopher R. Brown, MD, Michael B. Young, MDWarren L. Whitlock, MDSearch for more papers by this author, Christopher R. Brown, MDSearch for more papers by this author, Michael B. Young, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-113-6-482_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editors: We disagree with Drs. Limper and Prakash (1) that rigid bronchoscopy is the instrument of choice in extracting tracheobronchial foreign bodies. Of their 60 patients, only 23 had had fiberoptic bronchoscopy for foreign body removal over 19 years, resulting in 1.2 cases per year. The position paper by the American Thoracic Society lists removal of foreign bodies as the second therapeutic use for fiberoptic bronchoscopy (2). Although adults do not commonly aspirate foreign bodies, we have successfully diagnosed and treated three adults in the last 2 years with fiberoptic bronchoscopy.We agree with the authors' grouping of...References1. LimperPrakash AU. Tracheobronchial foreign bodies in adults. Ann Intern Med. 1990;112:604-9. LinkGoogle Scholar2. SokolowskiBurgherJonesPattersonSelecky JLFJP. Guidelines for fiberoptic bronchoscopy in adults. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1987;136:1066. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. RogersIgini LJ. Beverage can pull-tabs: inadvertent ingestion or aspiration. JAMA. 1975;233:345-8. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. Zavala D. Complications following fiberoptic bronchoscopy. Chest. 1978;73:783-5. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar1. LimperPrakash AU. Tracheobronchial foreign bodies in adults. Ann Intern Med. 1990;112:604-9. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Warren L. Whitlock, MD; Christopher R. Brown, MD; Michael B. Young, MDAffiliations: Letterman Army Medical Center Presidio of San Francisco, CA 94129-6700 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byRetained Sutures in the TracheaFORGOTTEN FOREIGN BODIES IN BRONCHIAL TREE IN ADULT (A REPORT OF TWO CASES AND REVIEW OF LITERATURE)La fibrobroncoscopia en la extracción de cuerpos extraños traqueobronquiales en adultosBronchoscopic Procedures in the Intensive Care UnitThe Bronchoscopy Survey 15 September 1990Volume 113, Issue 6Page: 482-483KeywordsBronchoscopy ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 15 September 1990 PDF downloadLoading ...
Analysis of the Role of Parents on Children's Physical Growth of 4-5 Years at Dharma Wanita Tosaren II Kediri City

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Physical growth in children is influenced by various factors such as heredity (ethnicity, race, sex), nutrition, culture, environment, socioeconomic status, climate, physical activity, health, hormones, and particularly the role of parents in fulfilling nutritional needs. This study aimed to examine the influence of parental roles on the physical growth of children aged 4–5 years at Kindergarten Dharma Wanita Tosaren II, Kediri. Using a correlational analytic design with a cross-sectional approach, the study involved 70 parents selected through total sampling. Data on the independent variable (parental role) and dependent variable (physical growth indicators) were collected via questionnaires and observation sheets, and analyzed using the Spearman correlation test.
Cortical malformations

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The article by Jissendi-Tchofo et al.1 in the current issue of Neurology ® is important not only because of the new data and documentation they present, but because it puts into perspective the global concept of genetic mutations expressed as abnormal morphogenesis of the CNS. In recent years there has been a trend by some authors to describe and classify cerebral cortical malformations in a manner highly focused on the cerebral cortex, as if the rest of the brain were normal or only of secondary importance. Whereas these narrowly designed schemes may be applicable to certain special disorders, such as epilepsy, they are at best misleading and at worst become an old cliche of not seeing the forest because of the trees.

The importance of thalamic, basal ganglionic, brainstem, and cerebellar malformations in association with cerebral cortical dysgeneses of genetic origin, including lissencephaly and …
The Second Labour Administration and the National Government, 1929–35

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The 1929 election campaign was a rather unsatisfactory affair. The Conservatives, who, despite their unpopularity at by-elections, were favoured to win, campaigned under the rather curious slogan of ‘Safety First’. This was an echo of a successful road safety campaign (and hence already well known as a slogan to the public) and also of previous appeals to the electorate portraying the Tories as the sensible policy of moderation. Labour had produced a gradualist, but in the British context, recognisably socialist programme (written by R.H. Tawney and Ramsay MacDonald) pledging to nationalise land, coal, power, transport, and life insurance, to extend social services, and cut expenditure on armaments. On the crucial issue of unemployment the programme was extremely vague, offering some generalities such as suggestions that waste and inefficiency in industry would be attacked and that there would be ‘a direct increase of purchasing power in the hands of the workers’, a goal obviously impossible to achieve. This last point may have represented an indirect bow to the proposals already offered privately to MacDonald by Sir Oswald Mosley. Mosley (1896–1980), a brilliant aristocrat who joined the Labour party in 1924, tried repeatedly to win MacDonald over to a programme of proto-Keynesian reflation of the economy to cure unemployment, but without much obvious success. As noted, the Liberal party, still led by Lloyd George, campaigned in 1929 on a very similar policy, and held high expectations of winning many seats.
Changing the Assessment To Promote Deeper Learning

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The Technological University Dublin is one of the largest multi-level higher education providers in Ireland. The Institute’s traditional mission has always been focused on teaching and learning in the field of advanced technical vocational education and training (TVET), and one of its agendas is to foster and encourage changes in teaching practice and methodology in order to enhance the student learning experience.\nThis paper is a result of the ever changing process which shows the evolution of the assessment process to its current format. It was driven by the fact that we as lecturers realised that the assessments promoted surface learning. Earlier assessments did not allow for a demonstration of knowledge but instead relied purely on memory recall. Topics were so vast and assessment questions so specific; this led to students having to memorise everything.\nThe questions we asked ourselves were: By giving students exam papers and asking them to recall facts and information, are we really just testing their memory? How do we know what they have learned and more importantly do they understand what they have learned?\nA change was needed to promote deeper learning and to give students a better understanding of each topic. The students have to be given the opportunity to demonstrate their acquired knowledge. As external providers of a prescribed curriculum, its content was beyond our remit, so instead we had to focus on the assessment process.\nOur remit: To carry out research as to whether ‘changing the assessment would promote deeper learning’. Research was carried out, focusing on groups of Apprentices in Cabinet-Making, in the final stages of their apprenticeship. The study was conducted over a number of years and primarily focused on the theory assessments. By acting upon my research findings, I was able to change the layout of the theory paper to promote deeper learning.
Numerical Studies of Glow Plug Shield on Natural Gas Ignition Characteristics in a CI Engine

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents a numerical study on fuel injection, ignition and combustion in a direct-injection natural gas (DING) engine with ignition assisted by a shielded glow plug (GP). The shield geometry is investigated by employing different sizes of elliptical shield opening and changing the position of the shield opening. The results simulated by KIVA-3V indicated that fuel ignition and combustion is very sensitive to the relative angle between the fuel injection and the shield opening, and the use of an elliptical opening for the glow plug shield can reduce ignition delay by 0.1∼0.2ms for several specific combinations of the injection angle and shield opening size, compared to a circular shield opening. In addition, the numerical results also revealed that the natural gas ignition and flame propagation will be delayed by lowering a circular shield opening from the fuel jet center plane, due to the blocking effect of the shield to the fuel mixture, and hence it will reduce the DING performance by causing a longer ignition delay.
Effect of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids on ex-vivo lymphocyte stimulation response to Cooperia onchophara L3 antigen in calves

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are known to influence the fatty acid composition of immune and inflammatory cell membranes (Yaqoob et al, 1995). Changing the fatty acid composition and the n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio of cell membranes has been reported to have profound effects on immune cell functionality (Blok et al, 1996). Immune responses to Cooperia onchophara, a nematode parasite that infects calves, are usually slow to develop and inappropriate. The aim of this experiment was to establish the extent to which supplementation of pre-ruminant calves with an n-6 or n-3 PUFA source may influence ex-vivo lymphocyte response to an L3 C onchophara antigen.
A novel two-dimensional all-carbon Dirac node-line semimetal

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Carbon allotropes have vast potential in various applications, including superconductivity, energy storage, catalysis, and photoelectric semiconductor devices. Recently, there has been significant research interest in exploring new carbon materials that exhibit unique electronic structures. Here, we propose a novel two-dimensional (2D) carbon allotrope called TCH-SSH-2D, which possesses a Dirac node-line (DNL) semimetallic state. The structure of TCH-SSH-2D is derived from the TCH-type Archimedean polyhedral carbon cluster units, combined with the SSH lattice model, possessing a space group of tetragonal P4/mmm. Using first-principles calculations, we demonstrate that the system is dynamically, thermodynamically, and mechanically stable. It exhibits an energetically favorable structure with no imaginary frequency in the phonon dispersion curves and elastic constants satisfying the Born-Huang stability criterion. Our findings not only contribute to a deeper understanding of the carbon allotrope family but also provide an opportunity to explore unique Dirac states in two-dimensional pure carbon systems.
Role of endogenous irisin, a novel myokine, in cognitive functions and insulin sensitivity in exercised diabetic rats

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

BackgroundIrisin, an exercise-induced myokine, has broad implications for metabolism and energy homeostasis. The aim of this work was to investigate the irisin expression and its receptor and the signaling pathway in relation to cognitive functions to allow for a better understanding of its role in an exercised diabetic model.Materials and methodsA total of 40 adult male albino rats were divided equally into four groups. The first group included control rats (the control group). The remaining animals were used to establish a type 2 diabetic model and were further divided into the following: the diabetic sedentary group; the chronic exercised diabetic group; and the acute exercised diabetic group. At the end of the study period, the behavioral assessment was carried out for all groups in a T-maze. After scarification, gastrocnemius muscles, whole brains, and abdominal adipose tissues were excised for the measurement of gene expression of muscle irisin, brain irisin receptors, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), brain MAPK and adipose tissue uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), and MAPK. In addition, insulin sensitivity indices and serum lipid profile were measured for the studied groups.ResultsMuscle irisin expression was significantly elevated in chronic and acute exercised diabetic rats (P < 0.001) compared with diabetic sedentary rats. Significant positive correlations existed between the muscle irisin mRNA expression patterns compared with the brain irisin receptors expression, BDNF, brain MAPK (r = 0.878, 0.933, and 0.908, respectively; P < 0.001 for all), as well as cognitive performance together with an improvement in insulin sensitivity and lipid profile. On the other hand, although muscle irisin was correlated positively with adipose MAPK, it was negatively correlated with UCP1.ConclusionOur results suggest that raised muscle irisin levels for both types of exercise are involved in the improvement of cognitive functions and insulin sensitivity in diabetic rats. However, further studies should clarify its precise role in relation to fat browning.
Use of sponge iron dosing in baffled subsurface-flow constructed wetlands for treatment of wastewater treatment plant effluents during autumn and winter

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Sponge iron (SI) is widely used in water treatment. As effluents from wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) require advanced treatment methodology, three forms of constructed wetlands (CWs): wetlands with sponge iron (SI), copper sulfate modified sponge iron (Cu/SI), and sponge iron coupled with solid carbon sources (C/SI), have been investigated in this paper for the removal effects of organic matter and nutrients in WWTP effluents, and the corresponding mechanisms have been analyzed. The results showed the effect of baffled subsurface-flow constructed wetland (BSFCW) with SI dosing to purify the WWTP effluents after the stable operation. The water flow of this BSFCW is the repeated combination of upward flow and downward flow, which can provide a longer treatment pathway and microbial exposure time. The average removal rates of total inorganic nitrogen (TIN) were 27.80%, 30.17%, and 44.83%, and the average removal rates of chemical oxygen demand (COD) were 19.96%, 23.73%, and 18.38%. The average removal rates of total phosphorus (TP) were 85.94%, 82.14%, and 83.95%. Cu/SI improved the dissolution of iron, C/SI improved denitrification, and a winter indoor temperature retention measure was adopted to increase the effectiveness of wetland treatment during the winter months. After comprehensively analyzing X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and two-dimensional numerical simulation diagrams, a plausible conjecture that microbes use electrons from SI for autotrophic denitrification is presented. Moreover, the stress effect of wetlands dosed with SI on plants decreased stepwise along the course since C/SI used on wetlands had less impact on plant stress. 1. Treatment of sequencing batch biofilm reactor reaction effluent indoors in low temperature using a combination of three wetland fillers, sponge iron + gravel, copper sulfate modified sponge iron + gravel, and sponge iron coupled carbon source + gravel. 2. The use of the baffled subsurface-flow constructed wetland, combined with the distribution simulation diagram, especially the distribution simulation diagram of iron, gives an explanation to the degradation mechanism of the pollutants and the transformation of iron into wetlands. 3. An conjecture of electron transport during microbial autotrophic denitrification involving iron is presented, plausibly explaining the variation in treatment effects.
The effect of non-pecuniary job attributes on labour supply

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The aim of this paper is to analyse the effect of non-pecuniary job attributes on labour supply. We develop a discrete choice model of labour supply where the choice alternatives are characterised by bundles of hours of work and job insecurity. The parameters of the utility function are obtained using maximum simulated likelihood with Halton sequences to account for unobserved heterogeneity in preferences. We compare the predictive power and labour supply elasticities obtained with our model to those of a more traditional model where only discrete hours choices characterise a job. The results show that once job insecurity is included in the discrete choice alternatives, the predictive power of the model improves significantly. Labour supply elasticities are lower than those obtained by a traditional discrete hours model, but not significantly different. Finally, a decrease of job insecurity at work has a positive and significant effect on participation, implying that policies aimed at improving working conditions could be used to influence labour supply decisions.
Rapamycin inhibits mSin1 phosphorylation independently of mTORC1 and mTORC2

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Current knowledge indicates that the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) functions as two complexes, mTORC1 and mTORC2, regulating cell growth, proliferation, survival, differentiation, and motility. Recently mSin1 has been identified as a critical component of mTORC2, which is essential for phosphorylation of Akt and other signaling molecules. Studies have shown that rapamycin inhibits phosphorylation of mSin1. However, the underlying mechanism is unknown. Here we found that rapamycin inhibited phosphorylation of mSin1 potently and rapidly. Expression of rapamycin-resistant mutant of mTOR (mTOR-T), but not rapamycin-resistant and kinase dead mutant of mTOR (mTOR-TE), prevented rapamycin from inhibiting mSin1 phosphorylation, suggesting that rapamycin-induced dephosphorylation of mSin1 is mTOR-dependent. Surprisingly, ectopic expression of rapamycin-resistant and constitutively active p70 S6 kinase 1 (S6K1) did not confer resistance to rapamycin-induced dephosphorylation of mSin1. Furthermore, disruption of mTORC1 and mTORC2 by silencing raptor and rictor, respectively, or downregulation of S6K1 or Akt did not induce the dephosphorylation of mSin1 as rapamycin did. However, silencing mTOR or mLST8 mimicked the effect of rapamycin, inhibiting mSin1 phosphorylation. Our findings suggest that rapamycin inhibits mSin1 phosphorylation, which is independent of mTORC1 and mTORC2, but is possibly dependent on a new mTOR complex, which at least contains mTOR and mLST8.
Search Techniques Within a Multiple Database Environment

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

For many information providers, over a range of applications, digital images are the medium of choice and the efficient and effective retrieval of those images is an active area of interest. Traditional keyword-based search techniques are being supplemented by image content-based methods and attention is being given to so-called meta-searchers, which enable multiple databases to be queried with a single request. In this paper, we describe work being conducted in a multiple database environment, using both conventional and content-based techniques, with particular emphasis on the need to cater for the naive user. The work is being carried out as part of the ELISE project (Electronic Library Image Server for Europe), which is partly funded by the European Community under its Fourth Framework Libraries Programme.
Refining Patient Selection in Hybrid Dorsal Preservation Rhinoplasty: A Review of 50 Patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Summary: Dorsal preservation rhinoplasty (DPR) refers to the preservation of the nasal mid-vault during rhinoplasty. It can be performed in conjunction with open structural tip rhinoplasty as a hybrid approach to rhinoplasty. Implementing DPR requires careful patient selection to optimize outcomes, as DPR in unfavorable cases can result in destabilizing effects on the nasal framework and function. After reviewing outcomes of 50 consecutive patients undergoing hybrid rhinoplasty using DPR, the authors devised an algorithm for careful patient selection. This algorithm is a pragmatic approach for when and how to perform DPR that incorporates both the bony and cartilaginous components. Using this guiding algorithm will simplify DPR and result in improved outcomes in selected patients. CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic, V.
Emphasizing Domestic Violence Prevention in the Physician Assistant Curriculum

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Idaho State University Pocatello, Idaho Paula Phelps is an Instructor and Academic Coordinator at the Idaho State University Physician Assistant Program. Gerard G. Lyons is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Sports Science, Physical Education, and Dance at Idaho State University. Correspondence should be addressed to: Paula B. Phelps, PA-C, MHE Idaho State University Physician Assistant Program Campus Box 8253 Pocatello, ID 83209 Voice: 208-236-4726 Fax: 208-236-4969 e-mail:[email protected]