jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Selection of key factors of water temperature in the fishing ground of Ommastrephes bartramiibased on the information gain technology

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Ommastrephes bartramii distributed in the northwest Pacific is one of the important fishing grounds.The environmental factors are the important content of the study on fisheries oceanography,which is also helpful to understand the forming mechanism of fishing ground and creating some possibilities for providing certain scientific advice for the production of Chinese squid jigging fishery.Based on the fishing data collected by Chinese squid jigging fleets in the north Pacific Ocean(150°E-170°E),the temperature data between August and October from 1998 to 2008,the water temperature at different layers(T0,55 m,105 m) and temperature structure(0-55 m and 55-105 m) in the fishing ground of O.bartramii are analyzed.The information values of different classification attributes for environment factors are calculated by means of the information gain technology(IGT).The results show that the T0 in fishing ground seems to be varied seasonally from August to October.The water temperatures at 55 m and 105 m are lower and the temperature gradient at 0-55 m is higher in September.Based on the IGT,the results show that the key water temperature factors are the temperature gradient between 0-55 m,the water temperature at 55 m,the T0,the water temperature at 105 m and the temperature gradient at 55-105 m in turn.
Socially-Aware Navigation Using Topological Maps and Social Norm Learning

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We present socially-aware navigation for an intelligent robot wheelchair in an environment with many pedestrians. The robot learns social norms by observing the behaviors of human pedestrians, interpreting detected biases as social norms, and incorporating those norms into its motion planning. We compare our socially-aware motion planner with a baseline motion planner that produces safe, collision-free motion.
The Impact of Various Promotional Activities on Ebola Prevention Behaviors and Psychosocial Factors Predicting Ebola Prevention Behaviors in the Gambia Evaluation of Ebola Prevention Promotions

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The outbreak of the Ebola virus disease (EVD) from 2014 to 2016 is over. However, several outbreaks of contagious diseases have already arisen and will recur. This paper aims to evaluate the effectiveness of EVD prevention promotions in the Gambia and to assess the psychosocial factors that steer three behaviors: handwashing with soap, calling the Ebola Hotline, and not touching a person who might be suffering from EVD. In 2015, data were gathered from 498 primary care providers. The questionnaire was based on psychosocial factors from the risks, attitudes, norms, abilities, and self-regulation (RANAS) model. Three promotional activities were significantly associated with psychosocial factors of handwashing and, thus, with increased handwashing behavior: the home visit, posters, and info sheets. Norm factors, especially the perception of what other people do, had a great impact on handwashing with soap and on calling the Ebola Hotline. The perceived certainty that a behavior will prevent a disease was a predictor for all three protection behaviors. Commitment to the behavior emerged as especially relevant for the intention to call the Ebola Hotline and for not touching a person who might be suffering from EVD. Health behavior change programs should rely on evidence to target the right psychosocial factors and to maximize their effects on prevention behaviors, especially in emergency contexts.
How do asthma and COPD patients think about a patient web portal? Results from a focusgroup study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Patient web portal(PWP)s have been developed by health care providers to increase transparency and enhance self-management. PWPs generally provide access to personal medical records and can include applications like self-management tools or communication options. Studies that have evaluated the effect of a PWP showed mixed results. To increase the effectiveness, patients should be involved in the development process. Aim: To examine the opinion, emotions and needs of asthma and COPD patients towards a PWP. Method: We conducted this study in focus groups: Topics were: 1)Internet and health care, 2)Access to medical records, 3)Communication with healthcare providers, 4)Applications and 5)Self-management. Patients were divided in 3 groups and 3 meetings were organized for each group. Results: In 3 focus groups 29 patients participated (52% men, mean age 65±11 years, 42% asthma, 46% COPD and 13% Asthma/COPD overlap syndrome). Preliminary results show that patients would like to have more reliable information about their disease. Online access to their medical records should be provided if accompanied by an explanation and after consultation with their physician. Benefit of a PWP was considered to be the possibility that different caregivers involved in one patient could see what other caregivers have done or prescribed. Patients thought that a PWP could lead to a more equal relationship with their physician. Discussion: Results from this study can be used in the development of a PWP. Patients considered a PWP to be a valuable instrument especially if it is patient centered so that both the patient and different health care providers can have access to the information.
On implications of micro price data for macro models

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

We review the recent literature that studies new, detailed micro data on prices. We discuss implications of the new micro data for macro models. We argue that the new micro data are helpful for macro models, but not decisive. There is no simple mapping from the frequency of price changes in micro data to impulse responses of prices and quantities to shocks. We discuss ideas that promise to deliver macro models matching the impulse responses seen in macro data while being broadly in line with micro data. JEL Classification: E3, E5
[Comparative analysis of fragments of HGV NS5b-region isolated in Russia, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyztan].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Nucleotide sequence of a 356 nt fragment of the NS5 region of the hepatitis G virus (HGV) genome was determined in 7 strains isolated in Russia, Kazakhstan, and Kyrghyzstan. Philogenetic analysis showed that all isolated strains genetically differed from the West African strain described previously (type 1) and are closely related to strains isolated in the USA and South-Eastern Asia (type 2). Hence, the strains from Russia, Kazakhstan, and Kyrghyzstan belong to type 2 variant of HGV genome.
Leptin G-2548A Gene Polymorphism is Positively Associated with Increased Plasma Leptin and Glucose Levels in Obese Saudi Patients Irrespective Status of Blood Pressure&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract The association between LEP G-2548A gene polymorphism with increased plasma leptin and glucose levels and blood pressure in a sample of obese Saudi patients has been evaluated. This is a cross-sectional study involved 206 Saudi adult subjects (94 males and 112 females), randomly selected from the primary health care centers, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The study sample was categorized into three groups: 50 normotensive ND controls (age: 47.9±5.4 yr.; BMI 22.9±2.1 Kg/m 2 ), 80 obese normotensive ND (age: 47.7±6.0 yr.; BMI 34.1±4.2 Kg/m 2 ) and 76 obese hypertensive with T2D patients (age: 49.4±5.9 yr.; BMI: 35.1±4.7 Kg/m 2 ). Analyses of LEP G-2548A gene polymorphism were determined using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) with 2U of HhaI restriction enzyme. Plasma leptin and insulin levels were measured using the Luminex instrument. Fasting plasma glucose, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, and triglycerides were measured using a chemical autoanalyzer Konelab machine. Also, blood pressure and anthropometric data were measured. The association analysis with metabolic parameters showed that homozygous AA of the LEP gene had significantly higher plasma glucose levels and HOMA-IR compared with homozygous GG (6.8±0.55 vs. 5.8±0.30; p < 0.04; 4.1±0.84 vs. 2.6±0.67; p =0.03) respectively. Besides, heterozygous GA had significantly higher plasma leptin levels compared with homozygous GG (40.0±2.6 vs. 29.6±2.6; P = 0.04). GA, AA, GA+AA genotypes of the LEP G-2548A gene polymorphism are more prevalent among individuals with hyperglycemia (OR= 3.7, 95% CI= 1.6 to 8.4, P = 0.001; OR= 3.2, 95% CI= 1.2 to 8.6, P = 0.03; OR= 3.5, 95%CI= 1.6 to 7.7, P = 0.001) respectively. A allele of the LEP gene is more prevalent among subjects with hyperglycemia (OR= 1.9, 95%CI= 1.2 to 3.0, P =0.006). G-2548A variant of the LEP gene may not be considered as a genetic risk factor for hypertension in Saudi obese patients. However, the genotypes (GA and AA) and -2548AA allele of this gene may represent important risk factors predisposing healthy subjects to develop T2DM irrespective of the status of blood pressure.
Ecological Suitability of Island Development Based on Ecosystem Services Value, Biocapacity and Ecological Footprint: A Case Study of Pingtan Island, Fujian, China

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The ecological environment and resource endowment of an island are more vulnerable compared to the mainland, and special assessment and measurement of the ecological suitability for development are significant. Pingtan Island (Fujian, China) was taken as a case study. Changes in ecosystem services value and the profit-and-loss balance between ecological footprint and biocapacity were assessed using land use/cover changes based on remote-sensing images taken in 2009, 2014 and 2017, and the ecological suitability of development was measured. Results show that island development led to a decrease in the ecosystem services value and an increase in ecological footprint and biocapacity. The key ecological factors restricting the scale of island development are topography, vegetation with special functions and freshwater. Biocapacity of islands can increase not only by changing from lower-yield land types to higher-yield construction land types but also by external investment. A new measurement framework was proposed that simply and clearly reveals the ecological suitability of island development and the underlying key constraints.
Isolating patients in hospital to control infection. Part I--Sources and routes of infection.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The virtual disappearance of many infectious diseases has not removed the need to isolate patients.Sporadic cases and occasional outbreaks of the classical infectious diseases still occur.Moreover, the need for isolation has been recognised for other types of patients, such as those suffering from viral hepatitis and various hospital-acquired infections and for those who need protection while their defences against infection are impaired by disease or by treatment with cytotoxic or immuno- suppressive drugs.In many older hospitals patients who need isolating have to be nursed in parts of a general ward unit set aside for that purpose.In newer hospitals isolation units are being built to replace the specialist infectious diseases hospitals.Both these arrangements introduce-in different degrees-the problems of caring for infective and susceptible patients in the same physical and nursing environment.In any part of a hospital the bacterio- logical factors that determine success or failure of isolation are in a constant state of flux, which makes the practice of isolation and its evaluation very difficult.
Television Media and Literary Development of Migrant Workers

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

As the most powerful media in contemporary society,TV media serves as the first choice among the migrant workers.However,present television programs not only lack serious concerns about migrant workers,but also feature serious deviations in the shaping of the realistic images of the migrant workers.Their most popular stereotype portrayed in these programs is a powerless,helpless and vulnerable group.This type of presentation intensifies the binary contradictions between the rural and the urban and impeded the integration progress of migrant workers into the urban cultures.TV media should manifest the social responsibility to establish more channels or programs for migrant workers and to provide a full range of services to them.The relevant government departments should organize social forces to pay more attention to the development of the TV media literacy of migrant workers,to encourage them to actively participate in the television media cultural practices,and to promote their overall qualities,to help them in the completion of the social role conversion,and to formulate cultural identity and cultural integration.
An Exploratory Study on Personality Traits and Procrastination Among University Students

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The present research examines the association between personality traits and procrastination behavior among 148 university students (52 males, 96 females). Respondents completed two measurements - Leonard Personality Inventory and General Procrastination Scale. Descriptive analysis indicated that Diploma Year 2 students scored the highest (Mean = 58.47), while Degree Year 1 students scored the lowest (Mean = 54.75) in the level of procrastination. Personality traits profiling consistently indicated that the most dominant personality trait of Diploma Year 2, Degree Year 1, 2 and 3 students is Neutral trait (Mean = 78.05, 80.75, 78.84 & 76.82); while the least dominant trait is Decisiveness (Mean = 67.48, 68.25, 69.89 & 68.33). The most dominant personality traits among male university students are Openness (Mean = 75.77), Decisiveness (Mean = 68.69) and Neutral (Mean = 78.48), while female university students are Analytical (Mean = 73.36) and Relational (Mean = 72.42). Meanwhile, male students scored slightly higher in procrastination (Mean = 58.25) as compared to females (Mean = 57.09). However, independent sample t-test indicated no significant gender differences in respondents' level of academic procrastination [t (146) = .702, p > .05]. Finally, correlational analyses reported no significant associations between the five personality traits with procrastination behavior among university students. Future studies should explore on whether cultural differences may influence personality traits and the level of academic procrastination of university students.
Men’s self-reported coping strategies for depression: A systematic review of qualitative studies.

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Key focal points of existing research on men’s depression have included the role of masculinity and the nature of gender-specific coping styles. Existing quantitative studies may be limited in their ability to detect the full range of coping strategies deployed by men in response to this problem. The analysis of findings from qualitative studies may represent a useful way in which to obtain a more comprehensive representation of men’s responses. To address this, a systematic review of qualitative studies examining the nature of men’s coping and depression was undertaken. Electronic database and hand searching for published studies between 2000 and 2014 produced a total of 14 studies for synthesis from an initial pool of 1,446. A total of 323 participants with an age range of 19–75 years comprised the final sample, with studies taken from Canada, the US, U.K., Sweden and Finland. Reported coping strategies were grouped under 5 metathematic categories with “promote traditional masculinity,” “promote flexible masculinity,” and “social concealment and minimization” representing the most substantive coping domains. Findings suggest that an expanded view of men’s coping strategies is appropriate within the context of depression. Review limitations, implications, and future research are discussed.
Nonlinear pulse transmission through an optical fiber at zero-average group velocity dispersion

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

In nonlinear pulse propagation through a cascaded optical fiber with zero-average group velocity dispersion, it is shown that in the steady state a nontransform-limited (chirped) pulse may propagate at a wavelength that is slightly shifted into the anomalous dispersion region. The quasi-steady-state chirped pulse is generated by balancing the chirp in the anomalous region that accompanies the nonlinear phase change with that in the normal region. This mechanism is similar to the dispersion allocated soliton and the stretched pulse mode-locking techniques.
Trypanosoma cruzi: constancy of clone pathogenicity for inbred mice during long-term in vitro maintenance

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

The reproducibility of infection of C3H/He mice with T. cruzi clones Sylvio-X10/4 and Sylvio-X10/7 maintained in the laboratory for 946 and 496 days respectively was assayed. Clone X10/7 from 15 different in vitro passages consistently induced an acute lethal infection (94.3% mortality) and constant survival time (Mean = 24.6 d.p.i.). Female mice survived significantly longer than males and mice older than 30 days at the time of infection survived significantly longer than younger mice. The mortality of mice infected with clone X10/4 from 23 different in vitro passages was lower (5.1%) and their survival longer (Mean = 42.7 d.p.i.) than mice infected with clone X10/7. High anti-T. cruzi IgG titres were detected in the plasma of all mice killed after 30 d.p.i. Histologically, the heart, skeletal muscles and/or large intestine contained intracellular parasites in 59% of the mice; parasites were found in mice of all groups tested. The hearts of all mice were comparably inflammed regardless of parasite passage number or duration of infection. These data demonstrate that the presentation and course of infection of inbred mice with two T. cruzi clones is not changed by either the duration or protocol used for in vitro maintenance; the reported loss or change in virulence of T. cruzi strains during long-term in vitro maintenance did not occur. Consequently, T. cruzi clones and inbred mice provide a dependable and reproducible means to study host-parasite interactions.
[Light microscopic determination of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in liver biopsy material from adults and children].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Occurrence of the hepatitis B surface antigen in the paraffin-embedded sections of needle-hepatic-biopsy taken for diagnostic purpose from 138 patients (108 adults and 30 children) and from 52 simptomless hepatitis B antigen positive donors was investigated (modified orcein dye, "ground glass" hepatocytes). The following was established: I. this technique is simple, reliable and useful; 2. antigen can be detected first of all in hepatocytes of simptomless carriers; 3. it seems, that the antigen-positivity in tissue is in inverse ratio to the activity of hepatic lesion; 4. in the material taken from the children ground-glass hepatoyctes could not be revealed. Only in one case could be revealed a minimal orcein-positivity. 5. By technical reasons in needle-biopsy material a false-negative result can not be regarded as a rarity.
Regionalizing ecological moisture levels and groundwater levels in grassland areas using thermal remote sensing

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Site‐specific soil moisture and groundwater levels are key input parameters for ecological modeling. Obtaining such information in a comprehensive manner is difficult for large regions. We studied a floodplain region in the Federal State of Brandenburg, Germany, to examine the degree to which the average depth of groundwater tables can be derived from surface temperatures obtained by the ASTER radiospectrometer (spatial resolution of 90 m per pixel). A floristic ecological indicator representing the site‐specific moisture level was applied to develop a proxy between the thermal satellite data and groundwater table depth. The use of spring scenes (late April to early May) from 2 years proved to be well suited for minimizing the effects of weather and land use. Vegetation surveys along transects that were 2 m wide across the pixel diagonals allowed for the calculation of average ‘ecological moisture values’ of pixel‐sites by applying ‘Ellenberg‐numbers’. These values were used to calibrate the satellite data locally. There was a close relationship between surface temperature and the average ecological moisture value ( R 2 = 0.73). Average ecological moisture values were highly indicative of the average groundwater levels during a 7‐year measurement series ( R 2 = 0.93). Satellite‐supported thermal data from spring were suitable for estimating the average groundwater levels of low‐lying grasslands on a larger scale. Ecological moisture values from the transect surveys effectively allowed the incorporation of relief heterogeneity within the thermal grid and the establishment of the correlation between thermal data and average groundwater table depth. Regression functions were used to produce a map of groundwater levels at the study site.
Evaluation of diagnostic potential of recombinant D-erythrulose 1-phosphate dehydrogenase using indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for diagnosis of bovine brucellosis.

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Serological tests used for diagnosis of bovine brucellosis are usually depending on smooth lipopolysaccharides (S-LPS) as a diagnostic antigen which usually gives false positive reactions. So, our study aims to produce and evaluate a diagnostic kit for accurate diagnosis of bovine brucellosis differentiating between vaccinated and infected cattle and exclusion of false positive cases. Idea of this kit depends upon the fact that The EryC gene is absent in Brucella abortus S19 only but it is present and functional in all other Brucella strains and isolates so according to these facts, the use of ELISA kit coated with single subunit (recombinant) EryC protein may be useful, rather than S-LPS, as an alternative diagnostic antigen in diagnosis of bovine brucellosis and differentiation between S19 vaccinated and Brucella infected cattle.