jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
UV and violet emission dynamics in Nd/sup 3+/ doped fluorozirconate glasses under pulsed IR excitation

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

In this work we investigate and discuss UV and violet emission dynamics under pulsed, multi-photon infra-red excitation in Nd/sup 3+/ doped ZBLAN samples of different concentrations (0.3, 1, 2 and 5 mol. %). The IR to UV and visible up-conversion is observable for all of the investigated samples and the efficiency increases rapidly with concentration, which suggests multi-ion process. A time dependent rate equation model has been employed to confirm the three ion excitation mechanism.
Security System for Smart Homes to Prevent Theft

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The chapter intends to create a system that alerts the victim of theft in real time. The current system does not distinguish between people and objects; instead, it uses a methodology to identify the burglar after the theft has taken place. The internet of things and advancements in wireless sensor networks make it possible to create a smart, safe home that can detect burglars in real time and notify the homeowner while the theft is occurring. The suggested approach is better than the current ones that use CCTV cameras for surveillance.
Instantaneous heat transfers at the impact of a droplet onto a hot surface in the film boiling regime

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Heat and mass transfers at the impact of a droplet onto a hot solid surface are investigated experimentally. Millimetersizedwater droplets impinges onto a perfectly flat sapphire surface heated at 600°C. The temperature of the liquidinside the droplet is measured using the two-color laser-induced fluorescence (2cLIF) technique. Water is seededwith a temperature-sensitive fluorescent dye, while a nanosecond pulsed laser is used for the excitation of the fluorescence.The ratio of fluorescence signal detected in two appropriate spectral bands allows to determine the liquidtemperature. One advantage of this non-intrusive optical technique is that it eliminates adverse effects associatedwith signal variations caused by droplet shape during its impact. In parallel, the temperature of the solid surfaceis characterized using infrared thermography. The latter measurements are made possible by the deposition of ananosize coating of titanium aluminium nitride (TiAlN) on the upper surface of the sapphire window. Thanks to thehigh frame rate of the IR camera, the time evolution of the heat flux distribution at the solid surface can be reconstructed. A comparison of IR and 2cLIF techniques enable to correlate the heating of the liquid with the cooling ofthe wall. This reveals that most of the heat removed from the solid surface is devoted to the heating of the liquid,the energy used for liquid vaporization being significantly lower.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ILASS2017.2017.4636
Information transfer in ampullary electroreceptors

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Many neurons in central nervous system and in sensory periphery are characterized by significant correlations between consequent interspike intervals of their stochastic spontaneous activity. Such non-renewal stochastic dynamics can result from internal properties of a neuron, such as spike-frequency adaptation, as well as from external perturbations or both. We consider one example of such system, peripheral ampullary electroreceptors in paddlefish. Spontaneous dynamics of electroreceptors is characterized by extended serial correlations of interspike intervals resulting from nonlinear interaction of two stochastic oscillators embedded into the system. Using computational modeling and approaches from information theory we show that these correlations significantly improve information transfer of weak external stimuli.
The BCI group in LAGIS at Lille university

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Since 2005, when BCI research activities started in our lab -- dealing with classification methods for the P300 Speller [1] -- we have mostly focused our attention on the development of palliative communication interfaces. Like in many labs our BCIs are based on EEG signal analysis, as much from the experimental point of view as from the scientific one. First, we will present the experimental goals of our group in terms of palliation of motor handicap. Then, we will present our scientific contribution to the development of BCI interfaces. These studies have been started thanks to several partners involved in different projects that we will finally clarify.
Phenome-Wide Multi-Omics Integration Uncovers Distinct Archetypes of Human Aging

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Aging is a highly complex and heterogeneous process that progresses at different rates across individuals, making biological age (BA) a more accurate indicator of physiological decline than chronological age. While previous studies have built aging clocks using single-omics data, they often fail to capture the full molecular complexity of human aging. In this work, we leveraged the Human Phenotype Project, a large-scale cohort of 10,000 adults aged 40-70 years, with extensive longitudinal profiling that includes clinical, behavioral, environmental, and multi-omics datasets spanning transcriptomics, lipidomics, metabolomics, and the microbiome. By employing advanced machine learning frameworks capable of modeling nonlinear biological dynamics, we developed and rigorously validated a multi-omics aging clock that robustly predicts diverse health outcomes and future disease risk. Unsupervised clustering of the integrated molecular profiles from multi-omics uncovered distinct biological subtypes of aging, revealing striking heterogeneity in aging trajectories and pinpointing pathway-specific alterations associated with different aging patterns. These findings demonstrate the power of multi-omics integration to decode the molecular landscape of aging and lay the groundwork for personalized healthspan monitoring and precision strategies to prevent age-related diseases.
Alterations in Trip Behavior in Suburbs

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

PERSONS WHO LIVE IN SUBURBS TEND TO CHANGE THEIR ACCESS BEHAVIOR TO RAIL STATION ACCORDING TO TRAFFIC AND THEIR HOUSEHOLD CONDITIONS. THIS RESEARCH FOCUSES IN TO CLARIFY PATTERNS AND REASONS OF ALTERATIONS IN TRIP BEHAVIOR SUCH AS MODE CHOICE AND STATION CHOICE. THE FINDINGS ARE FOLLOWING; 1) ABOUT 50% OF SAMPLES EXECUTED THE ALTERATION MORE THAN ONE TIME PER MONTH. 2) THE DIFFERENCE OF TRIP BEHAVIOR BETWEEN “GO TO THE STATION” AND “BACK FROM THE STATION” IS CONFIRMED BY DISAGGREGATE BEHAVIORAL MODEL.
Non-verbal Communication and Communicative Understanding of the Liturgy and Liturgical Signs in the Light of Charles Sanders Peirce’s Theory of Signs

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The human person as a “triadic” creature needs ritual at all three levels − physical, psychological and spiritual − of his or her being. At the physical level, ritual serves as support for a healthier life-style. At the psychological level, ritual regulates intrapersonal and interpersonal communicatio. At the level of spirituality, it places him or her in the context of transcendence and “recent aims” and both individually and communally gives meaning to human life. Therefore, the author of the paper first This paper starts by considering the human person as a ritual creature that already with his body requires certain ritual acts and various forms of nonverbal communication. In the central part of the discussion, the author focuses on Peirce’s theory of signs and presents it as one model suitable for understanding and explaining liturgical signs. This is an interesting understanding of religious signs, which encourages an interpretative relationship between the human person and the liturgy, its signs and contents.
Accumulation of Drug Resistance and Loss of Therapeutic Options Precede Commonly Used Criteria for Treatment Failure in HIV-1 Subtype-C-Infected Patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background Virological monitoring is essential to identify antiretroviral treatment (ART) failure, but not widely available. Here, accumulation of resistance and consequences for second-line therapy were investigated in African HIV-1 subtype-C-infected patients. Methods A total of 836 patients initiated non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)-based ART and received biannual HIV RNA monitoring. When first-line ART was continued despite virological failure (HIV RNA>1,000 copies/ml), genotypic resistance analysis was performed at baseline, first failure (t1), and 6 or 12 months later (t2). Major resistance mutations (IAS), Stanford genotypic sensitivity scores (GSSs) and proportions of patients meeting WHO-defined failure criteria were compared between time points. Results Most patients (642/836, 77%) reached viral suppression and 145/642 patients (23%) experienced subsequent failure after a median of 18 months. Counselling resulted in virological re-suppression in 27% (39/145) and 40% (58/145) continued first-line ART despite virological failure; 26 patients were included for genotypic analysis. The mean number of major drug resistance mutations per person increased from 2.8 (t1) to 4.3 (t2). Initially, NNRTI-associated mutations ( n=47) predominated; only 25 nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI)-associated mutations (mainly M184V) were detected. During prolonged viraemia, NRTI resistance increased ( n=44, +76%), in particular thymidine analogue mutations (from 4 to 14) and K65R (from 3 to 6). Consequently, GSSs declined from baseline to t1 and t2: from 3.8 to 1.0 to 0.7 (NNRTIs) and from 6.8 to 5.1 to 4.0 (NRTIs). Despite broad resistance, immunological failure was limited at t2. Conclusions Rapid accumulation of drug resistance occurred when ART was continued despite virological failure. Treatment options were lost, even when WHO-defined failure criteria were not met. This study calls for wider access to virological monitoring.
Distal urethroplasty for fossa navicularis and meatal strictures.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Distal urethral strictures involving the fossa navicularis and meatus represent a unique subset of urethral strictures that are particularly challenging to reconstructive urologists. Management of distal urethral strictures must take into account not only maintenance of urethral patency but also glans cosmesis. A variety of therapeutic approaches exist for the management of distal urethral strictures, including dilation, meatotomy, extended meatotomy, flap urethroplasty, and substitution grafting. Common etiologies for distal urethral strictures include lichen sclerosus, instrumentation, and prior hypospadias repair. Proper patient selection is paramount to the ultimate success and durability of the treatment, which should be individualized and include an assessment of the stricture etiology, location, and burden, and patient-centered goals of care.
Frontispiece: From Phosphidic to Phosphonium? Umpolung of the P4‐Bonding Situation in [CpFe(CO)(L)(η1‐P4)]+ Cations (L=CO or PPh3)

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A low barrier to the exchange of metalated and non-metalated phosphorus atoms is observed in white phosphorus complexes of electron poor cyclopentadienyl iron cations. Analysis of the bonding present in these systems identifies a formal Umpolung in the Fe−P bond resulting from the electron deficient nature of the iron center. This permits the description of these complexes as phosphonium complexes. For the full story see the Communication by I. Krossing et al. on page 10546 ff.
HMI and Safety-Related Driver Performance

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The aim of HASTE is to develop methodologies and guidelines for the assessment of In-Vehicle Information Systems (IVIS). The intention is to devise an assessment regime that is independent of the design of an IVIS and that is based on an evaluation of driving performance while using the system as compared with driving performance when not using the system (baseline driving). The ambition is to provide an assessment regime which:  Is technology-independent;  Has safety-related criteria;  Is cost effective;  Is appropriate for any system design; and  Is validated through real-world testing. The objective of the experiments in this Workpackage (WP2) was to investigate the impact of IVIS task load on driving performance and safety. To achieve this, two surrogate IVISs (SIVISs) were created, one representing cognitive load and the other visual load. Using these SIVISs, it was possible to vary secondary task load systematically. Separate assessments of the effects on driving of the different types of task load were carried out, with as clean a distinction as possible between visual and cognitive load. The objective was also to identify the advantages and disadvantages of the different assessment methods (laboratory, simulator, field), and finally to identify which road types and scenarios are the most productive for testing IVIS. Different groups of drivers were used and scenarios varied in accordance with the protocol and procedure for safety assessment of IVIS as outlined in Deliverable 1 (Roskam et al., 2002). A very large set of experiments was conducted. But in one sense this was one very large multi-national unified and integrated experiment with a common goal, a common experimental protocol and common indicators. The effect of IVIS use in three distinct road categories  urban, rural, and motorway  was investigated. To do this, a total of 14 separate driving simulator experiments were conducted, with each participant experiencing only one type of S-IVIS. All seven driving simulators were used to investigate driving with both S-IVISs on a common rural road. For the most part, each simulator road type had three levels of difficultly with the most difficult being driving when some critical event was triggered (the motorway had only two levels of difficulty: without and with events).
Spatio-temporal Receptivity of Boundary-Layers by Bromwich Contour Integral Method

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Transition from laminar to turbulent flow occurs via inherent instability of the former caused by the omnipresent background disturbances. While the motivation behind the famous experiments of [5] was to relate the instability with the disturbance level, most theoretical analyses, studies transition as an eigenvalue problem- in either temporal or spatial framework. Significant progress made by this approach is recorded in [2], while many issues still remain unresolved. For example, plane Couette and Poisseuille flow are found stable by eigenvalue analysis for certain parameter combinations, while lab experiments reveal them to be unstable. Classical approaches in this field, involve identifying equilibrium states whose stability is studied by eigenvalue analysis, by linearizing the governing mass and momentum conservation equation and then expressing it in the spectral plane after making the parallel flow assumption, leading to the well-known Orr-Sommerfeld equation. The least stable mode, often display wave-like nature and is said to produce the Tollmien-Schlichting (TS) waves. In general fluid dynamic systems, it is not known a priori whether distrubances grow in space or in time or as spatio-temporal structures and this issue has not been resolved by instability studies. The alternative is to use receptivity studies where the response of the system is obtained with respect to impressed disturbances. For localized harmonic excitation, in [3] and [6] the assumption, that the response is at the frequency of the imposed excitation was made for the ease of the receptivity calculation and this is known as the signal problem. In [7] this assumption was removed and the complete spatio-temporal analysis was made using Bromwich contour integral method. For a zero pressure gradient boundary-layer, it was shown that this and the signal problem produces identical response field, for those cases where the system is spatially unstable. In a recent study [8], it has been shown that these two approaches do not produce identical results for spatially stable systems and indicates the necessity of performing spatio-temporal receptivity studies by the Bromwich control integral method. In the present study, we show the composite nature of the response field obtained by the Bromwich contour integral method. We identify the near- and far-field response of a stable system for the zero pressure gradient boundary layer, and finally explain the structure of the near-field analytically.
Changing Lives Through Education: A Community Based Approach to Addressing Educational Disadvantage Among Marginalised Families in Dublin, Ireland

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

National College of Ireland (NCI) is situated in the Docklands area of the North East Inner City of Dublin and, like many city Docklands, the area has been redeveloped over the past 15 years as an International Financial Services Centre and home to large technology companies. The area employs thousands of tertiary educated workers but the indigenous Docklands community have found employment opportunities limited. Deprivation, marginalisation, educational under-achievement and dependency on social welfare in the traditional community in the immediate vicinity of NCI are widespread. NCI moved into the developing Docklands in 2002 and recognised that the College's mission "To change lives through education" could only be fulfilled if, in addition to delivering academic excellence, the College could find a way to address the educational disadvantage in the immediate Dockland's community. In addition to providing a new physical building for the fast growing College, NCI's Early Learning Initiative (ELI) was developed to provide educational support to under-privileged families in the inner city community. This programme, ELI, continues to be an integral part of the College over a decade later and a core part of NCI's delivery of social justice in concert with the local community. \n \nELI is a community-based initiative developed to address educational under-achievement, focusing on pre-school children, families and the empowerment of the local community, with the objective of improving lives through education. Having embedded educational attainment at pre-school age, ELI offers programmes of support for the community at various levels of schooling right through to Discover University programmes, a precursor to tertiary education. ELI is designed to act for social justice, and to deliver on the values and mission of NCI. \n \nThis paper explores NCI's ELI, the community action resarch methodology which provides context and reflection, the modus operandi through and with local communities, and the process of working with disadvantaged families from the first year of an infant's life through primary and secondary education. The aim is to support the educational journey through to third level and career, changing the dynamic of disadvantage to advantage and opportunity. Identifying the whole family system as a driver for sustainable change, ELI reflects the Jesuit origins of the college through a melange of educational rigour, action in social justice, reflection through and with our service recipients, and evidence based research and outcomes. ELI clearly reflects the mission and core values of NCI founded by the Jesuits in Ireland in 1954.
Influences of population-level factors on suicides in older adults: a national ecological study from Australia

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Specific factors increasing risk of suicide for older adults on SA4 level in Australia were living in areas with a higher proportion of male population, a higher proportion of tenant household dwellers and a higher proportion of immigrants from North-West Europe. The different influences of population-level factor on suicide between older men and women indicate the need for targeted suicide prevention activities.
A Study of Psychological Distress in Two Cohorts of First-Year Medical Students that Underwent Different Admission Selection Processes.

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Cohort 2 had better psychological health than cohort 1 and was less likely to develop psychological distress. This study provided evidence of a potential benefit of multimodal student selection based on academic merit, psychometric assessment, and interview performance. This selection process might identify medical students who will maintain better psychological health.
Core requirements for successful data linkage: an example of a triangulation method

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objectives The aim was to explore the views of professional stakeholders and healthcare professionals (HCPs) on the linkage of UK National Health Service (NHS) data for paediatric pharmacovigilance purposes and to make recommendations for such a system. Methods A mixed methods approach including a literature review, interviews, focus groups and a three-round Delphi survey with HCPs in Scotland was followed by a triangulation process using a systematic protocol. The survey was structured using the Theoretical Domains Framework of behaviour change. Items retained after applying the matrix-based triangulation process were thematically coded. Ethical approval was granted by the North of Scotland Research Ethics Service. Results Results from 18 papers, 23 interviewees, 23 participants of focus groups and 61 completed questionnaires in the Delphi survey contributed to the triangulation process. A total of 25 key findings from all four studies were identified during triangulation. There was good convergence; 21 key findings were agreed and remained to inform recommendations. The items were coded as practical/technical (eg, decision about the unique patient identifier to use), mandatory (eg, governed by statute), essential (consistently mentioned in all studies and therefore needed to ensure professional support) or preferable. Conclusions The development of a paediatric linked database has support from professional stakeholders and HCPs in Scotland. The triangulation identified three sets of core requirements for a new system of data linkage. An additional fourth set of ‘preferable’ requirements might increase engagement of HCPs and their support for the new system.
The Stroop Color‐Word task as a measure of selective attention: Efficiency in the elderly

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Many studies have reported impaired selective attention in the elderly. Recent studies have isolated various underlying mechanisms of selective attention such as excitation, inhibition, and habituation. In the present study, 50 young adults and 50 elderly participants were compared on four conditions based on the Stroop Color‐Word task (neutral, habituation, Stroop and negative priming). Cross comparison of the different tasks enables examination of the various components of selective attention. The neutral condition serves as a baseline for the groups, enabling between‐groups comparison of proportional interference. The hypothesis that overall reading time of the younger group would be faster than that of the older group was confirmed. The hypothesis that the overall reading time pattern between task conditions would be neutral < habituation < Stroop < negative priming, was confirmed as well. Contrary to our prediction, negative priming caused more interference than the Stroop task for the elderly participants in the comparison between the Stroop and the negative priming conditions. This effect was found whether reading time or proportional interference was measured. Furthermore, in reading time, but not in the proportional measure, the effect was even stronger in the elderly than in the young participants. These results are discussed in terms of the unique characteristics of the Stroop Color‐Word task.