jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Documentation of farmer perceptions and site‐specific properties to improve soil management on smallholder farms in Tanzania

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Identifying sustainable land management practices within smallholder agriculture is a challenge. This is partly driven by the challenge of documenting farmers' perspectives and practices in an integrated manner with site‐specific scientific soil assessment. Smartphone applications such as LandPKS provide new approaches to quantify site‐specific soil degradation and fertility but are untested with African farm management. We surveyed 578 households in rain‐fed maize ( Zea mays ) production areas of Tanzania using a stratified sampling frame to encompass a wide range of soils and agroecologies. A socio‐economic survey and simultaneous sampling in focal plots documented farmer characteristics, perspectives, and management practices, along with soil properties and crop yields. For a subsample of 58 households, we additionally assessed site‐specific field status with the LandPKS application. Farmer perceptions of change in soil fertility status were consistent with soil properties, for example, a field perceived to be declining in fertility was also likely to have low SOC (1.8% relative to 2.7% for increasing fertility). LandPKS provided additional novel insights into soil limitations such as identifying poor water infiltration areas consistently associated with farmer use of erosion control practices (water infiltration of 4 mm hr −1 vs 20 all other plots). This charts a way forward to address soil fertility and land degradation challenges through the use of smartphone applications to capture site‐specific conditions and farmer concerns as the basis for land management recommendations that are highly relevant and address local conditions.
Picture Quiz: Know your enemy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A 22 year old man visits his general practitioner for advice on an “itchy rash” which has developed overnight. The young man had just returned from a fishing trip on a loch near the village of Fort Augustus in the Highlands of Scotland, famed for its position at the bottom end of Loch Ness. He and a friend had camped on the shore of the fishing loch. On closer examination the doctor noted an urticarial rash spread all over the man's face, neck, hands, and forearms (figures 1 and 2)--that is, the exposed areas of the body that were not covered by clothing while fishing.

Fig 1

Fig 2

1. What is the cause of the rash?

2. What advice should the doctor give on current management of symptoms?

3. Are there any suggestions the doctor can give on prevention for the future?

1. The rash has been caused primarily by midge bites …
Pulmonary Tuberculosis after Subtotal Gastrectomy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

IN a large tuberculosis hospital (615 beds) I have been impressed by the number of patients who have been admitted in the last few years with active pulmonary tuberculosis after subtotal gastrectomy for peptic ulcer.One of the chief factors leading to this chronic infection is lack of resistance. Starvation, faulty assimilation of ingested food, metabolic imbalance, long-continued stress and poor hygienic surroundings seem to favor the development of tuberculosis.When, as clinical director of the United States Navy Hospital Ship, Benevolence, it was my privilege to assist in screening 1500 recently liberated prisoners of war in Japan at the . . .
Role Of Ict In Teaching Biology

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This study reveals that Education has been described as means to modify the behaviour. Biological science deals with study of living organism, their living environment and various interactions between living things and environment. The traditional content of biology has been replaced by modern discoveries in the fields of cell biology, basic genetics, bio-engineering and biotechnology. Biology as a subject has both theory and practical components. ICT has opened new avenues like, online learning, e-learning, virtual university, e-coaching, e-education, e-journal, etc. It has provided opportunity for the learner to use maximum senses to get the information.. Learning of biology can be made easier and more comfortable by integrating ICT tools in instructional stratagies for teaching biology. The students of biology can make use of ICT for easy understanding. ICT can change traditional classroom into smart classroom and improve teaching-learning process in biology.
[Study on physique index set for Chinese children and adolescents].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Reference values and percentile curves for WC and WHtR of Chinese children and adolescents were provided. For the assessment of central obesity. WHtR had the advantages of relative stability and small degree of variation and rarely affected by age and gender, when compared with WC, and could be used as an simple index to reflect the central obesity of children and adolescents.
Hair Growth Promoting Activity of Zauberöl® in Testosterone-Induced Alopecia in Wistar Rats

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Background: Hair loss, or alopecia, is a common disorder that affects between 0.2-2% of the world's population and have significant impacts on a person's mental and physical health. Normal hair loss on a healthy head is between 50 and 100 hairs a day. Alopecia is a disorder in which the follicles in certain people start losing hair prematurely because they are not healthy, increasing the pace at which hair falls. Alopecia can be caused by poor nutrition, chronic stress, genetics, or other factors, and there are several types, each with a unique cause and symptom. Apart from improving quality of life, using methods like hair treatments or transplants, many homeopathic herbal ingredients are reported useful in managing alopecia and hair fall. This study was aimed to investigate the effectiveness of a formulation Zauberӧl® containing Arnica montana, Ceanothus americanus, Eclipta prostrata, Hibiscus Rosa sinensis, Jaborandi, Murraya koenigii, Sabal serrulata & Thuja occidentalis in testosterone-induced alopecia in Wistar rats.
Error-voltage based open-switch fault diagnosis strategy for matrix converters with model predictive control method

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper proposes an error-voltage based open-switch fault diagnosis strategy for matrix converter (MC). First, finite control set-model predictive control (FCS-MPC) method is used to operate the MC. Meanwhile, based on the analysis of the operating state under fault condition, the fault model of MC is established. Second, the fault diagnosis strategy is implemented in three steps: to begin with, the occurrence of fault is detected by monitoring the measured load currents. Then, the faulty phase is identified considering the output line-to-line voltage error. After that, by using the switching state of the faulty phase, the faulty switch is located. The fault diagnosis method can accurately and quickly locate the faulty switch without additional voltage sensors. Finally, simulation results are presented to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed strategy.
Investigating cyber bullying involvement and gender : a comparison of associated externalizing-type and Internalizing-type symptoms.

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This study investigated the relationship between cyber bullying involvement types, gender, and externalizing-internalizing symptoms, in a Singapore sample of 40 undergraduate young adults, aged 19 to 26 years. Findings from the SDQ and GHQ indicated that cyber bullies score significantly higher on internalizing-type symptoms than cyber bully-victims, who in turn score higher than cyber victims; uninvolved controls had lowest scores. Gender differences were examined; males and females generally did not differ significantly in externalizing-type and internalizing-type symptom scores. No significant interaction effects of cyber bullying involvement and gender were found with reference to externalizing-type and internalizing-type symptoms. Results of this study necessitate future research and intervention programs specifically emphasizing targeted efforts to alleviate internalizing-type outcomes associated with cyber bullying involvement.
Yield and Some Morphological Properties of Lines Selected From Populations of Landraces Topbaş Wheat (Triticum compactum)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This study was carried out with 140 Topbaş wheat genotypes (Triticum compactum) belonging to wheat genotypes selected from landrace wheats collected from different cities in Turkey. Trial material consisted of 49 red and 91 white grain genotypes. In order to determine the genotypes that can be used as parent in biscuit breeding studies, the experiment was conducted in Konya central location during the 2015-2016 and 2016-2017 growing periods. Yields of Triticum compactum wheat genotypes were between 26.7-192.9 kg.da-1 and CV(coefficient of variation) was 34.69% in the 2015-2016 cultivation period in 239.5 mm rain. Yields were between 277-528.4 kg da-1 CV was 11.81% in 2017-2018 in 337.5 mm rain. In the 2015-2016 cultivation period, yields of Triticum compactum wheat genotypes ranged between 26.7-192.9 kg.da-1 in 239.5 mm rain and CV was 34.69%. It ranged between 277-528.4 kg da-1 in 337.5 mm rain in 2017-2018, CV was %11.81. When the results of two years are evaluated together, it was found that thousand kernel weight ranged between 24.0-65.1 g, CV ranged between 9.06-10.13%, number of spikelet per spike ranged between 10.2-18.7, CV ranged between 8.78-8.80%, number of grain per spike ranged between 13.5-41.1, CV ranged between 15.5-15.90%, grain weight per spike ranged between 0.39 -1.68 g, CV ranged between 17.57-18.39%, plant height ranged between 33.1-105.4 cm, CV ranged between 9.76-9.24%. Genotypes was determined that the yellow rust and stem rust infection coefficients of the ranged between (0-100). There are lines with better than the standard varieties in terms of the examined characteristics. This situation will create an important genetic resource for biscuit wheat breeding studies, and as a result of the selection studies to be made, it will allow to obtain new varieties with high yield and good biscuit quality. As a result of this study, 15 Topbaş wheat genotypes were selected as parents to be used in biscuit wheat breeding studies.
What Is the Evidence that Riboflavin Can Be Used for Migraine Prophylaxis?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Individuals with migraine often have recurrent, painful symptoms, and symptomatic treatments have detrimentalside effects and do not prevent further attacks. Studies indicate that riboflavin can be used to decrease headachefrequency and lessen the need for symptomatic treatment. Mitochondrial dysfunction may play a role in migrainepathogenesis by interfering with oxygen metabolism. Daily doses of riboflavin, vitamin B2, may improve mitochondrialfunction by increasing the reserve of brain mitochondrial energy, and there are minimal side effects with dailytreatment. However, there is a need for further randomized, double-blind controlled studies to determine the effectivedose. Although riboflavin may not fully eliminate migraine nor take effect for several months, riboflavin is apromising prophylactic agent with minimal adverse effects that may significantly reduce the frequency of migraine.
A Retrospective Study Comparing the Costs and Outcomes of Three Alternatives for Monitoring Patients Who Come to an Emergency Department with Chest Pain (ICD-9 Code 78650 and 78659)

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The purpose of this study is to compare the costs, length of stay, patient outcomes and physician diagnostic practices for three alternatives of monitoring patients who come to an emergency department complaining of chest pain (ICD-9 codes 78650 & 78659) in a military medical treatment facility (MTF). In addition, this study will compare TRICARE (military health maintenance organization) enrollment versus non-enrollment status on length of stay, and demographic and co-morbidity differences in patients diagnosed with myocardial infarction (MI) and ruled-out for Ml in these three alternatives for monitoring patients with chest pain.
Cathodoluminescence and electron beam induced current study of partially relaxed AlGaAs/GaAs/InGaAs heterojunction phototransistors under operating conditions

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

We have studied time-resolved cathodoluminescence (CL) and electron beam induced current (EBIC) on AlGaAs/GaAs/InGaAs heterojunction phototransistors under operating conditions, i.e., at room temperature and under bias. Devices from four wafers, with a different amount of lattice relaxation, were tested. It is shown that the CL intensity increases more than one order of magnitude as the voltage is increased and the current gain of the device turns on. The voltage dependence of the CL signal is analogous to the current–voltage curve of the transistor. The buildup in CL intensity was found to be much less in devices with low current gain showing that the CL intensity correlates to the electrical gain of the device. Time resolved CL showed two distinct CL decay times, one very short, a few nanoseconds, and one long, of the order of microseconds. This indicates that two fundamental recombination processes are present, which we attribute to a spatially direct recombination between carriers in the base and a spatially indirect recombination. This spatially indirect recombination is believed to come from recombination of electrons trapped in the notch formed at the conduction band discontinuity and holes in the base. By studying EBIC as a function of beam current for devices from the different wafers we found that relaxed devices have a complex current-gain relationship. They require higher current densities than nonrelaxed devices to reach high gain. At low current densities the gain is very low and the ideality factor is high indicating a high degree of trap related recombination. At high current densities, on the other hand, these traps become filled and the associated recombination quenched. This results in a gain and an ideality factor comparable to those of nonrelaxed devices.
Dynamics of the Bacterial Community Associated with Phaeodactylum tricornutum Cultures

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

The pennate diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum is a model organism able to synthesize industrially-relevant molecules. Commercial-scale cultivation currently requires large monocultures, prone to bio-contamination. However, little is known about the identity of the invading organisms. To reduce the complexity of natural systems, we systematically investigated the microbiome of non-axenic P. tricornutum cultures from a culture collection in reproducible experiments. The results revealed a dynamic bacterial community that developed differently in “complete” and “minimal” media conditions. In complete media, we observed an accelerated “culture crash”, indicating a more stable culture in minimal media. The identification of only four bacterial families as major players within the microbiome suggests specific roles depending on environmental conditions. From our results we propose a network of putative interactions between P. tricornutum and these main bacterial factions. We demonstrate that, even with rather sparse data, a mathematical model can be reconstructed that qualitatively reproduces the observed population dynamics, thus indicating that our hypotheses regarding the molecular interactions are in agreement with experimental data. Whereas the model in its current state is only qualitative, we argue that it serves as a starting point to develop quantitative and predictive mathematical models, which may guide experimental efforts to synthetically construct and monitor stable communities required for robust upscaling strategies.
Une longue bataille : le démantèlement des remparts de Lille (1899-1923)

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The dismantling of the Lille fortifications was only achieved after lengthgy controversies. They were at first political. Was the Lille fortress necessary for the defence of the « Nord » ? The Staffs conceptions varied and it was only the experiment of the 1914 war which permitted to settle the question and to overcome the opposition of the officers of the Engineers bent on preserving their attributions and who found in the Parisian spheres numerous supporters. The city authorities had for their to face financial difficulties just after paying back the debts contracted for the 1860 extension. The socialists proved more enterprizing than the conservatives who succeeded them after a steady criticism of their money squandering. A not-disinterested opposition also worked in the background : landlords fearing a drop in the rents, shopkeepers anxious of a shift of population from the city- centre to the periphery. Yet, public opinion became gradually more and more in favour of the plan : workers victims of a too narrow housing offer, building contractors and their customers, architects, physicians concerned with public health to whom could be added the inhabitants of the districts of Fives and Saint-Maurice hitherto cut off from the rest of the city. This coalition also benefited from the support of people of the surrounding communes who, bordering the military easements, suffered inconvenience from them. The development of the operation between 1925 ans 1936 was to give the peripheral zone its present outlook.
Understanding the effects of cofactor Ufd1 and Actin binding to p97

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

p97/Valosin-containing protein (VCP) is a member of the AAA-ATPase family and it is involved in a diverse range of cellular activities such as protein degradation and membrane reformation pathways. The highly conserved ATPase functions as a homohexamer and the key to its multifunctionality lies within its arsenal of cofactors. Different cofactors can engage p97/VCP in a particular function and direct it to distinct cellular pathways. Recent findings by our lab found that p97/VCP-knockdown cells displayed an aberrant actin structure characterised by heavy polymerisation of actin filaments. As a major cofactor of p97/VCP, Ufd1 was also found to have decreased binding affinity to p97/VCP while binding affinity between p97/VCP and actin was increased. Nonetheless, the involvement of the interaction between p97/VCP and cofactor Ufd1 in actin regulation remains unclear. Hence, this project aims to determine the role of the interaction between p97/VCP and Ufd1 in actin regulation and to investigate if Ufd1 and actin binds to p97/VCP in a mutually exclusive manner. Results obtained showed that the reduction of cofactor Ufd1 levels did not affect actin morphology significantly. The co-immunoprecipitation experiment conducted may require further optimisation to fully elucidate the mutually exclusive relationship between Ufd1 and actin in binding p97/VCP.
Improvement of the strategy of insolvent organisations crisis recovery

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The article presents the research results aimed at strategic management of an insolvent organisation to overcome the financial and economic crisis. Nowadays enterprises in Kazakhstan often have challenges with ensuring financial stability and solvency. As a result, many organisations become uncompetitive. It can cause a business bankruptcy. The article highlights modern issues of ensuring domestic commercial organisations financial stability. The paper proposes solutions available to improve an economic efficiency mechanism for managing the financial condition of insolvent organisations. Therefore, an integrated approach to the development and implementation of strategies to recover insolvent organisations from crisis includes financial recovery, optimisation of operational processes, management reorganisation, reorientation to new markets and products, strengthening marketing activities, and improving corporate culture. Each of these strategies is aimed at stabilising the financial condition, increasing efficiency, and competitiveness. The implementation of these strategies requires all organisation departments coordinated actions and adaptation to current economic conditions.
Concurrent Enforcement of Competition Law

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract This introductory chapter discusses the problems and complexities underlying the concurrent enforcement of competition law. In addition, it provides a brief overview of the historical development of the concurrent enforcement of competition law, which will serve as a foundation for later chapters. The concurrent enforcement of competition law is after all a reality that pervades any aspect of competition procedure. Furthermore, the different types of sanctions and remedies in the sphere of competition law generate problems of concurrent proceedings. The term ‘proceedings’ herein is used to denote any activity carried out by a person with the aim of obtaining a criminal or administrative sanction or a civil law remedy in competition law matters.
Indigenous Pathways:Local Ecological Knowledge and the Role of Intellectual Property in the Preservation of Biodiversity

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In recent times, Western science has realised the potential of Indigenous knowledge to provide new ideas and sources of innovation. This 'traditional ' emphasis has led to the development of effective drugs and medicines, as well as the creation of locally-informed resource management strategies. The inestimable economic value placed on this type of knowledge exposes its Indigenous owners to a degree of inequality and they are rarely repatriated for its use. Western legal devices such as intellectual property rights and patent applications are used to assert ownership over this knowledge and place limitations on its access. Anthropological discourse on the interplay between Western and Indigenous knowledge guides ethical decision-making processes and therefore has various implications at the practical level. Through the adoption of a critical perspective, this paper examines the discordance between Western and Indigenous knowledge to elaborate on the underlying complexities of the issue. It is found that resource-driven relationships of this nature are generally represented by subjugation and oppression. Furthermore, the diversity of biological resources is severely impacted by the exploitative use of traditional knowledge. Qualitative case studies and the selected works of authors in the field of biodiversity substantiate this trend. The paper concludes by reinforcing the fact that although there are empirical differences between Western and Indigenous knowledge systems, they also bear similarities that can be fostered to ensure that any engagement between the two is both ethical and fruitful.
IWIN: The Isfjorden Weather Information Network

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract. In an effort led by the University Centre in Svalbard (UNIS), with support from the Norwegian Meteorological Institute (MET Norway), the Isfjorden Weather Information Network (IWIN) is under development in the Isfjorden region, central Svalbard. The network substantially expands upon the relatively sparse existing operational network of weather stations and consists of compact and cost-efficient all-in-one weather stations permanently installed on lighthouses around Isfjorden and onboard small tourist cruise ships trafficking the fjord from the spring to the autumn. All data from the network are freely available online in near real-time via MET Norway’s data portals (https://doi.org/10.21343/ebrw-w846). The IWIN data are highly valuable for scientific purposes such as atmospheric boundary layer research, validation and development of numerical weather prediction models and assimilation in these, as well as planning and safe conduction of outdoor activities in the region.