jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Local Search Heuristics for k-Median and Facility Location Problems

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract. We analyze local search heuristics for the metric k-median and facility location problems. We define the locality gap of a local search procedure for a minimization problem as the maximum ratio of a locally optimum solution (obtained using this procedure) to the global optimum. For k-median, we show that local search with swaps has a locality gap of 5. Furthermore, if we permit up to p facilities to be swapped simultaneously, then the locality gap is 3 + 2/p. This is the first analysis of a local search for k-median that provides a bounded performance guarantee with only k medians. This also improves the previous known 4 approximation for this problem. For uncapacitated facility location, we show that local search, which permits adding, dropping, and swapping a facility, has a locality gap of 3. This improves the bound of 5 given by M. Korupolu, C. Plaxton, and R. Rajaraman [Analysis of a Local Search Heuristic for Facility Location Problems, Technical Report 98-30, DIMACS, 1998]. We also consider a capacitated facility location problem where each facility has a capacity and we are allowed to open multiple copies of a facility. For this problem we introduce a new local search operation which opens one or more copies of a facility and drops zero or more facilities. We prove that this local search has a locality gap between 3 and 4.
Behavior Modeling and Analysis in Multimedia Sharing Networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In multimedia sharing networks such as YouTube, and Flicker, etc, users actively participate and interact with each other, which influences not only each individual but also the entire system performance. Successful deployments of multimedia sharing networks show that user cooperation helps provide efficient and highly scalable platforms for multimedia distribution. However, since users are selfish, their cooperation cannot be guaranteed. In this thesis, we aim to design incentive mechanisms to stimulate user cooperation and also optimize the system performance. Without loss of generality, we use two multimedia applications as examples to show how to achieve our research goals. We first study a two-hop cooperative wireless multicast system, here after the base station broadcasts a packet, a relay node who receives the packet correctly helps forward it to the others. We model user interaction in this system as a multi-seller multi-buyer payment based game, where users pay to receive relay service and get paid if they help forward a packet. We then study an interactive multiview video streaming (IMVS) system, where an user can select one out of many available views for observation and switch views frequently. With the advances of multiview video coding techniques, users can cooperatively download videos even if they are watching different views. We then model user interaction as an indirect reciprocity game and formulate users' decision making associated with their view switching as a Markov decision process. In these two examples, our analysis shows that user behavior impacts the system performance significantly. Thus, we optimize our incentive mechanisms, which drive the games to desired stable equilibria, where users cooperate with each other and the system performance is maximized at the same time.
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Public Perceptions of the Roles and Functions of Community Pharmacies in South Korea: Updated Cross-Sectional Self-Reported Web-Based Survey (Preprint)

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND

Community pharmacists confronted dual burdens in response to the COVID-19 pandemic by expanding the scope of pharmaceutical practices.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to assess the perceived roles and functions of community pharmacies during the pandemic and to explore their updated roles after the pandemic began.

METHODS

We conducted a self-reported web-based survey in October 2022. Based on Korean census data, we recruited the study participants (n=1000) through quota sampling stratified by age, sex, and region, yielding a 7.45% (1000/13,423) response rate. The questionnaires were composed of 3 sections: demographics, the roles and functions of community pharmacies during the pandemic, and the updated roles of community pharmacies during disasters. Each question in the second and third sections was rated on a 5-point Likert scale from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree), and each item’s mean scores and SDs were reported. The study participants were categorized into 2 groups: individuals who had a family pharmacy and those who did not. A chi-square test and ordered logistic regression analyses were conducted.

RESULTS

Out of 1000 respondents, 418 (41.8%) had a history of COVID-19, and 639 (63.9%) had a family pharmacy. Assigning specific roles and functions to community pharmacies during the pandemic contributed to positive assessments. Respondents gave higher scores to community pharmacies that had responded appropriately (a mean Likert score of 3.66, SD .077 out of 5) and provided continuous pharmaceutical services (mean 3.67, SD 0.87) during the pandemic. The pandemic served as an opportunity to positively recognize the role of community pharmacies (mean 3.59, SD 0.83). In the ordered logistic model, having a family pharmacy was consistently associated with positive perceptions. Respondents perceived that community pharmacies collaborated with general practitioners and health authorities. However, community pharmacies need to function appropriately in terms of knowledge. The mean score of the 4 domains of community pharmacy functions was the highest for collaboration (mean 3.66, SD 0.83), followed by communication (mean 3.57, SD 0.87), responsiveness (mean 3.54, SD 0.87), and knowledge (mean 3.41, SD 0.91).

CONCLUSIONS

The pandemic resulted in interprofessional collaboration between community pharmacists and general practitioners. Family pharmacies could be a valuable asset to the comprehensive case management of patients. However, community pharmacists should have the expertise to build solid interprofessional collaborations and fulfill their expanded and updated roles.
Jon Sutherland and Diane Canwell, Churchill’s Pirates: The Royal Naval Patrol Service in World War II by Greg Swinden

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Reviews 123 of that class's armament and operational history.A final table shows the specifications for that class-displacement, dimensions, propulsion, range, and crew.A final section entitled "Analysis and Conclusion," followed by a very useful bibliography and index, completes the work.Stille writes well and his narrative keeps the reader focused.The many photographs add to the narrative and give the reader many visual connections to the subject.Several colour side view plates, two colour plates of RM destroyers in action, plus a good centerspread colour plate of the RM destroyer, Da Verazzano, help keep the reader's interest in the narrative.This book, when taken with Stille's two earlier works on RM ships (mentioned above) bring life to a lesser-known aspect of the Second World War at sea.They can be a useful quick reference for the expert in the field, while the reader unfamiliar with the RM will find these a good introduction to
ON THE CORRELATION STRUCTURE FOR THE GENERALIZED AUTOREGRESSIVE CONDITIONAL HETEROSKEDASTIC PROCESS

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract. The correlation structure for the squares from the generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedastic (GARCH) process is presented. It is shown that the behaviour of the correlations for the squares mimics the usual correlations of an appropriately defined ARMA process, although the admissible regions for the correlations are somewhat more restrictive. Simulation experiments are used to study the applicability of the theoretical results for order identification and diagnostic checking. Finally, an empirical example is given for the IBM stock market price series from Box and Jenkins (1976).
T cell subset alterations in idiopathic glomerulonephritis.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Peripheral blood lymphocytes from 15 healthy controls and 59 patients with idiopathic glomerulonephritis were studied to determine whether an imbalance exists among human T cell subsets in these diseases. Twenty of the patients studied had a minimal change nephropathy (10 with nephrotic syndrome and 10 in sustained remission); 27 had a membranous glomerulonephritis (12 with nephrotic syndrome, six with isolated proteinuria and nine in complete remission); 12 patients had an IgA glomerulonephritis with heamaturia and mild proteinuria. Monoclonal antibodies directed at human T lymphocyte subsets termed OKT3, OKT4 and OKT8 were used in an indirect immunofluorescence assay in all cases. Patients with minimal change nephropathy, with or without nephrotic syndrome and patients with IgA glomerulonephritis showed mean values of OKT3(+) cells (total peripheral T cells), helper OKT4(+) cells, suppressor OKT8(+) cells and OKT4(+)/OKT8(+) cell ratio, in the normal range. Only the group of patients with membranous glomerulonephritis and nephrotic syndrome presented a mean OKT4(+)/OKT8(+) ratio greater than the normal group (percentages: 2·43±0·3 vs 1·6±0·1 s.e.m.; P<0·02). This increased ratio was due to a reduction in the OKT8(+) cell subset compared to the healthy subjects (percentages: 27·6±2·9 vs 36·8±1·4 s.e.m.; P<0·01). Our data shows that the functional lymphocyte disorders previously described in minimal change nephropathy and IgA glomerulonephritis are not due to a numerical imbalance of lymphocyte subsets. Such an imbalance of lymphocyte subsets was specifically observed in membranous glomerulonephritis with nephrotic syndrome. The true significance of this finding has to be clarified by longitudinal studies and functional tests.
Pyoderma Gangrenosum after Breast Cancer Resection: A Less-invasive and Early Treatment Using the Skin around Ulcers

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Summary: Surgical invasion is a risk factor of pyoderma gangrenosum (PG). A total of 25% of postoperative PG cases were reported to occur after breast surgeries, including bilateral breast reduction and breast reconstruction following cancer resection. Immunosuppressive therapy and less-invasive wound therapy are necessary; however, the complete healing of ulcers takes 5.1 months on average. We herein report a case of skin grafting under a surgical concept of less-invasive and short-term treatment. An 82-year-old woman complained of a high fever and severe pain at her breast wounds after bilateral breast cancer resection. Although we performed emergency debridement surgery to remove the necrotic tissue, suspecting surgical site infection and inflammation, her high fever persisted. She was diagnosed with PG because of the physical findings of characteristic painful, sterile ulcerations, bullae and pustules, and the pathological abundance of neutrophils in the absence of infection and vasculitis. Oral administration of prednisolone 30 mg/day improved the symptoms, and we applied negative-pressure wound therapy (NPWT) from day 16 following debridement surgery. After the gradual reduction of oral steroid intake to 12.5 mg/day, we performed skin grafting surgery. To limit the surgical invasion, we used the surplus skin around the ulcers. Split-thickness mesh skin grafts were fixed by NPWT to avoid the use of tie-over sutures. We achieved short-term treatment of PG with a less-invasive surgical strategy using skin around the ulcers and NPWT.
A Burial of a Viking Woman at Adwick-le-Street, South Yorkshire

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In January 2001, an archaeological watching brief was carried out during the construction of a sewer pipeline at Adwick-le-Street near Doncaster in South Yorkshire. During excavation of a Romano-British trackway ditch, a plough-truncated grave was identified which produced fragmentary skeletal remains and an assemblage of copper-alloy and iron grave goods typical of a female Scandinavian burial of the Viking Period. The grave goods included a plough-damaged copper-alloy bowl, a non-matching pair of oval 'tortoise' brooches and fragments of an iron knife and a key or latch-lifter. Other objects might previously have been removed by ploughing. The oval brooches are typologically the earliest of the four pairs to have been recovered in England from a grave and the first to be excavated under archaeological conditions. The design and condition of the brooches suggest a date for the burial at the end of the 9th century. Isotope analysis of teeth from the skeleton indicates an origin for the woman in either Norway or possibly north-eastern Scotland. Investigation of the grave goods has provided information on manufacturing techniques and costume. No evidence was recovered to suggest why the woman was buried in this location, although a previous discovery of Roman or post-Roman inhumations and cremations nearby and the results of geophysical survey suggest that the excavated grave might form part of a more widely dispersed group of burials.
CAMBODIA IN 2000 New Hopes Are Challenged

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Research Article| February 01 2001 CAMBODIA IN 2000 New Hopes Are Challenged Irene V. Langran Irene V. Langran Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Asian Survey (2001) 41 (1): 156–163. https://doi.org/10.1525/as.2001.41.1.156 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Irene V. Langran; CAMBODIA IN 2000 New Hopes Are Challenged. Asian Survey 1 February 2001; 41 (1): 156–163. doi: https://doi.org/10.1525/as.2001.41.1.156 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAsian Survey Search This content is only available via PDF. © Regents of the University of California Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Decomposition Algorithms for Very Large Scale Stochastic Mixed-Integer Programs

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract : The objectives of this project were to explore decomposition algorithms that solve optimization models under uncertainty. In order to accommodate a variety of future scenarios, our algorithms are designed to address large scale models. The main accomplishments of the project can be summarized as follows. 1) design and evaluate decomposition methods for stochastic mixed-integer programming (SMIP) problems (Yuan and Sen [2008]); 2) accelerate stochastic decomposition (SD) as a prelude to using SD for SMIP as well as a multi-stage version of SD (Sen et al [2007], Zhou and Sen [2008]); 3) develop a theory for parametric analysis of mixed-integer programs, and provide economically justifiable estimates of shadow prices from mixed-integer linear programming models (Sen and Genc [2008]). The first two relate to stochastic programming, whereas the last addresses one of the long-standing open questions in discrete optimization, namely, parametric analysis in MILP models. This paper (listed as [1]) is likely to have a long term impact on a variety of fields including discrete optimization, operations research, and computational economics.
Abstract 1976: Identification of 4 novel markers in the chemotherapy resistance of esophageal adenocarcinoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) has seen a steady and steep rise in prevalence since the 1970's. This increase in incidence is correlated with the increase in gastro-esophageal reflux disease and Barrett's esophagus (BE). Unfortunately, where many other cancers have seen progress with advancements in treatments, EAC has not. This cancer is very resistant to almost all first line chemotherapy treatments including the most common platinum based treatments. Although few targeted therapies have been developed, they only show a modest survival advantage for eligible individuals and are not commonly integrated into patient treatment regimens. In our study, we have identified several markers associated with resistance to platinum based chemotherapies that have not previously been documented in EAC. Our study utilized a large-scale discovery mass spectrometric experiment such that the proteome of the 3 different tissue samples could be analyzed, (EAC, BE, and Normal). Part of the novelty of our experiment was that all the tissues collected were from esophagetomies of patients before they had received any chemotherapy. From the data generated we have identified 4 novel markers that are overexpressed in the BE and EAC tissue compared to the normal tissue. In BE tissue DAD1 was over expressed in 9/10 samples, ISG15 (10/10), S100P (10/10) and UBE2N (10/10). In the EAC samples, DAD1 was significantly overexpressed in 20 /20 samples, ISG15 (20/20), S100P (20/20) and UBE2N (19/20). DAD1 inhibits apoptosis and is upregulated by cisplatin and then contributes to cisplatin resistance. S100P has been shown to increase drug resistance in gastric cancer and decrease chemosensitivity 5-FU in vitro in colorectal cancer cells while facilitating proliferation and inhibiting apoptosis. UBE2N plays a role in glycolytic control and in various cellular damage responses. And ISG15 is important in development and metastatic progression of adenocarcinomas through the enhancement of cancer stem cells. We are confident that expression of these four markers can provide clinical utility in assessment of at risk patients with Barrett's esophagus while simultaneously informing treatment regimens. Our goal is to investigate the specific mechanisms by which these markers contribute to cancerous development and chemotherapy resistance in order to elucidate targets for future treatment of EAC. Citation Format: Jonathan P. Fleegel, Joeseph Abdo, Devendra Agrawal. Identification of 4 novel markers in the chemotherapy resistance of esophageal adenocarcinoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1976.
SH1470204.08FU

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.
JSchool Leaders and Community: Research and a

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Parental and community involvement in Title I schools is limited by occurrence and the absence of positive motivation. When parents are involved in the life of a school, children receive the message that education is important and the school is a vital commodity. With this involvement, a culture is developed that encompasses the children, neighborhood, and community. The purpose of this paper was to create a field-research project to enable Title I administrators in one Texas school district to develop a community-relations program. The purpose of this field research was to identify areas of concern that might emerge during the implementation of a community-involvement program. Strategies were developed based on historical data, demographic and social integration, and inherent school characteristics. For the collection of needed data for this study, a survey was designed and administered to a representative number from the community surrounding one particular elementary school. (Survey results appear in an appendix). Careful study of the neighborhood survey shows that many community residents have a positive attitude toward the school. As a result, school leaders have a research-based plan to reach, involve, and accept the surrounding community in a positive manner. (Contains 43 references.) (Author/WFA) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document.
Temporal Variation of Meropenem Resistance in E. coli Isolated from Sewage Water in Islamabad, Pakistan

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

The WHO has classified carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in most critical priority pathogens that pose a threat to human health. The present study investigated the prevalence of meropenem-resistant Escherichia coli (E. coli) in relation to its temporal variation in different seasons along with its resistance markers in sewage water. E. coli was selected on MacConkey agar containing meropenem (3 µg/mL). There were 27% of sites/sewage samples carrying meropenem-resistant E. coli. All E. coli were confirmed through the amplification of the uidA gene. All isolated E. coli were multidrug-resistant (MDR), and among them, 51% were extensively drug-resistant (XDR). An antibiogram determined against 15 antibiotics showed the highest resistance to ampicillin and cefotaxime (98% each) and lowest resistance to fosfomycin (2%). Phylogenetic groups and resistance gene analysis through PCR showed a significant co-occurrence of carbapenemases with extended spectrum beta lactamases (ESBLs), plasmid encoded quinolone, and colistin resistance genes. The higher number of resistance genes in E. coli isolates in community sewage indirectly indicate that these isolates circulate abundantly in the community.
Vulnerability, Trust, and Overdemandingness: Reflections from Løgstrup

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

My aim in this paper is to consider whether, by thinking of our ethical relation to one another in terms of vulnerability, we can better resolve the problem of overdemandingness – namely, that certain moral views and theories seem to require more of us than is reasonably acceptable. I will suggest that there is a way in which focusing on vulnerability, rather than merely needs or wants, can help address the issue of overdemandingness, largely because of the relational nature of vulnerability, and how this connects to our power over others. In arguing this case, I will draw on the work of the Danish philosopher and theologian K. E. Løgstrup. I explore how Løgstrup shows how this might work in relation to a central form of vulnerability which he emphasises, namely trust. I then consider an objection, namely that trust is a rather special case of vulnerability, which is less open to the problem of overdemandingness only because it has particular features which do not apply to vulnerability more generally. I then respond to this objection by considering if lessons learnt from the case of trust could still nonetheless be extended more widely to other forms of vulnerability. Doing so, I will suggest, might show how thinking in terms of vulnerability as Løgstrup conceives it can help us with the problem of overdemandingness