jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Industrial Fatality in Post-Robens Britain, 1974 – 2014

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This thesis examines workplace fatalities in the period 1974 to 2014 with the subject matter arranged as five case studies presented in chronological order. Developments are examined from the advent of the Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974 over a forty-year period to just after the introduction of the Corporate Manslaughter and Corporate Homicide Act 2007. There are common themes running through each chapter. Oral history interviews are used alongside the examination of public inquiry reports, official documents, press reports and archival sources, exploring themes including industry regulation, organisational culture, corporate crime, and social movements. This thesis presents the case that modern industrial fatalities should be separated from the broader historical literature on occupational health and safety. Whilst the subject belongs within, or close to, labour history it is its own sub-topic, in the same way that asbestosis, or work-related disabilities have their own bodies of literature. The modern industrial fatality, as defined by this thesis: - Occurs in a developed and fully industrialised economy, within a modern regulatory framework. - Occurs after the emergence and adoption of modern safety theory, from the early 1980s onwards. - Takes place in industrial settings where equipment, machinery, and processes have inherently hazardous properties but crucially, hazardous properties that can be managed and controlled. - Is foreseeable and preventable. The modern industrial fatality remains an ongoing moral, legal and social conundrum that cuts across the humanities and social sciences with immediate contemporary relevance. This thesis is strongly aligned with Sheffield Hallam University’s applied university goals because it creates knowledge that will help to provide practical solutions to this real-world challenge. The originality of this research is twofold. Firstly, by combining industrial safety theory and historical inquiry, it occupies a space loosely covered by labour history and the social sciences, but hitherto not explicitly examined. Secondly, by framing the modern industrial fatality as a distinct phenomenon it introduces a new paradigm that invites further academic scrutiny. There is significant scope for future research both from a labour history point of view and in terms of implications for organisational learning and policy development.
Exploring Diazo Compounds for the Divergent Electro-Cascade Sequence and S–H Insertion Reaction

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

We have explored the reactivity of diazo compounds under electrochemical conditions to establish a cascade sequence of thiolation/cyclization/reduction reactions. Electrolyzing styryl diazo imides and aryl thiols enables direct access to a single diastereoisomer of 2,5-pyrrolidine-dione-fused thiochromans in good yield under mild and metal-free conditions. Notably, a tunable reactivity has been achieved via S-H insertion at the diazo center in modified reaction conditions. Based on the experimental evidences, including the detection of key intermediates and computational studies, the mechanism for the electrochemical cascade reaction has also been established.
The Police Are the Punishment

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Against the normative definition of punishment as the infliction of pain on an offender by an appropriate legal authority, this essay argues that the police, although they are not entitled to administer retribution, commonly do so on the street or at the precinct, including against innocent individuals. Such punishment is disproportionately imposed on working-class men from disadvantaged neighborhoods belonging to ethnoracial minorities. It is justified in the eyes of the police by representations of these publics as potential criminals and of the judges as increasingly lenient, both allegations being contradicted by facts but serving as moral justifications for their discriminatory exercise of violence. Developed on the basis of a fifteen-month ethnography of police units, notably anticrime squads, in the area of Paris, this argument has a much broader significance. It demonstrates that extrajudicial forms of retribution exceed judicial forms and that more often than not the police are the punishment.
The Object Selving of Laura Aguilar: Queer Chicana Opacity and the Archive Prosthetic

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The work of Laura Aguilar, a photographer and lifelong Angeleno, often foregrounds her intersecting queer, Chicana, fat, and dyslexic identities. This reading addresses Aguilar's claim to power in object-hood, actualizing a selfhood beyond the limits of subjectivity or negation by staging opacity in her photographs. Aguilar engages in what Uri McMillan calls "prosthetic performance": co-significations by an animate body and an inanimate but catalytic thing, or actuant. Layering objects upon objects, Aguilar's prosthetic performances refract normative, dominant gazes that would overdetermine the bounds of her selfhood according to the markings her body bears. She plainly addresses the trauma of misrecognition as a queer Chicana, but her performances are neither defined by her pain nor reducible to gestures of refusal. The opacity of Aguilar's flesh subverts photographic truth effects, making the archive another actuant in her performance of self-becoming and potentiality. This paper sutures critical discourses surrounding Aguilar, braiding foundational analyses of her oeuvre at their intersections with Black and Chicana feminisms, performance studies, and new materialist theorizations of the object.
Missional Formation for Transforming Discipleship

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract Mission – in the larger sense, beyond the mission of the institutional church – in the 21st century is an urgent and decisive issue. We need to prepare for a transforming mission with transforming discipleship. Together towards Life , along with Evangelii Gaudium and Laudato Si ', offer paradigm shifts to consider as we envision mission formation with other parameters – with a different theological and ministerial education. Participation in the world is necessary for any true transformative mission: it is there that we learn and practise the true challenges to abundant life for everyone and for all. Practice alone is not enough: we must always question our own praxis, reviewing it in the light of the gospel.
The Effects of Placental Location on Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: Published research exists that investigates placental location, as well as maternal and fetal outcomes. It is posited that placental location could be an indicator of subsequent maternal and or infant outcomes that could be identified and proactively treated. The aim of this study was to determine whether indeed there is an association between placental location and specific maternal or fetal outcomes. Materials and Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted on 361 women, who delivered and had obstetric sonograms in a New York academic hospital, between June 2019 and December 2020. The study variables compared to placental location were maternal demographics, substance use during pregnancy, body mass index, blood type, parity, prenatal care, rupture of membranes, mode of delivery, postpartum hemorrhage, systolic/diastolic (S/D) ratio of the umbilical artery, placental location, gestational age at delivery, birth weight, Apgar scores (1 and 5 minutes), and fetal gender. Results: Statistical significance was appreciated in the 5-minute Apgar score category between anterior and posterior placentas ( P = .03). Conclusion: Further prospective research is needed to determine whether different placental locations indeed has an effect on maternal or neonatal outcomes, in which case women may benefit from more intensive pregnancy monitoring.
Ethnonationalism and attitudes towards same-sex marriage and abortion in Northern Ireland

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The issue of sexuality and human rights has generated increasing international attention in recent years. This is particularly the case in societies emerging from chronic ethnonationalist conflict, where scholarly debates on the impact of ethnonationalism on sexual rights, such as abortion and the rights of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender people (LGBT), generate much controversy and division. It is with this disagreement in mind that this paper focuses on the influence of ethnonationalism on attitudes towards the legalisation of same-sex marriage and abortion. Using nationally representative data from Northern Ireland, the results suggest that while ethnonational identity is a significant positive determinant of attitudes towards same-sex marriage within both the Catholic population and among supporters of their main political party (Sinn Féin), it is also a key negative predictor of attitudes to abortion, albeit solely among Sinn Féin supporters.
What Is a Work? Part 2: The Anglo-American Cataloging Codes

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Anglo-American codes are examined to determine the implicit or acting concept of work in each, in order to trace the development of our current implicit concept of work, as embodied in AACR2R. The following conditions are examined, using comparison tables: (1) contraction of a work (abridgements, condensations, digests, epitomes, outlines, chrestomathies, excerpts, extracts, selections); and (2) change in substance of a work (adaptations, dramatizations, free translations, novelizations, paraphrases, versifications, films or filmstrips of a text, musical arrangements, musical amplifications, musical settings, musical simplifications, musical transcriptions, musical versions, parodies, imitations, performances, reproductions of art works, revisions, editing, enlargements, expansion, updating, translation).
Alteration in biochemical parameters in malaria patients. Plasmodium falciparum vs. Plasmodium vivax

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of malarial parasites, on different biochemical liver and renal parameters. This was a retrospective and hospital-based study, which was carried out at Department of Microbiology and Central Clinical Laboratory, MGM Medical College and Hospital, Navi Mumbai, is an endemic malaria transmission. Methods: A total of 60 samples were included in this study out of which 30 samples with peripheral blood film evidence of falciparum malaria and 30 samples of vivax malaria. Liver function tests and renal function tests were estimated by standard method. Results: the results showed an increased level in Plasmodium falciparum than Plasmodium vivax which is statistically significant. In our study we found that Plasmodium falciparum altered more biochemical parameters than Plasmodium vivax. Conclusions: The biochemical markers can be used as biomarkers for the confirmation of malaria.
Early life feeding accelerates gut microbiome maturation and suppresses acute post‐weaning stress in piglets

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Summary Early life microbiome perturbations can have important effects on host development, physiology and behaviour. In this longitudinal study, we evaluated the impact of early feeding on gut microbiome colonization in neonatal piglets. Early‐fed (EF) piglets had access to a customized fibrous diet from 2 days after birth until weaning in addition to mother's milk, whereas control piglets suckled mother's milk only. Rectal swabs were collected at multiple time points until 6 weeks of age to investigate microbiota development using 16S rRNA gene profiling. The dynamic pre‐weaning microbiota colonization was followed by a relatively stable post‐weaning microbiota, represented by Prevotella , Roseburia , Faecalibacterium , Ruminococcus , Megasphaera , Catenibacterium and Subdoligranulum . EF piglets showed an accelerated microbiota maturation, characterized by increased microbial diversity, pre‐weaning emergence of post‐weaning‐associated microbes and a more rapid decline of typical pre‐weaning microbes. Furthermore, the individual eating behaviour scores of piglets quantitatively correlated with their accelerated microbiome. Importantly, EF piglets displayed a smoother relative weight gain and tended to reach a higher relative weight gain, in addition to reduced diarrhoea scores in the first week post‐weaning. Overall, these findings demonstrate the beneficial impact of early feeding on microbiota development as well as pig health and performance during the weaning transition.
Comparisons of Lattice Boltzmann and Finite Difference Methods for a Two-Dimensional Viscous Burgers Equation

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Lattice Boltzmann methods have been proposed as a computational means for solving various partial differential equations. We look at three lattice Boltzmann methods and an analogous finite difference method for solving a two-dimensional scalar, viscous Burgers equation with periodic boundary conditions. First, using monotonicity arguments we prove that in the $\ell _1 $ norm the lattice Boltzmann methods converge first-order temporally and second-order spatially. Then we provide some computational results which substantiate the theoretical results. Finally, we compare the lattice Boltzmann and finite difference methods. The basis of comparison includes numerical results with regard to accuracy, order of convergence, performance, and timing measurements; memory requirements; and conservations laws.
Diagnosis and treatment of autoimmune pancreatitis types 1 and 2

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) is characterized by diffuse or focal swelling of the pancreas. AIP has been divided into types 1 and 2. The aim of the study was to evaluate and compare the clinicopathological characteristics, therapy and outcome of patients with AIP. Methods The medical records of patients diagnosed with AIP between January 2003 and July 2011 were reviewed. Characteristics of patients with AIP types 1 and 2 were compared with those of patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Results AIP was classified as type 1 in 40 patients and type 2 in 32 according to the HISORt (Histology, Imaging, Serology, Other organ involvement, Response to therapy) criteria. Patients with histologically confirmed AIP type 2 were younger than those with type 1 (P = 0·005). Some 30 of 32 patients with AIP type 2 were found to have a localized tumour-like pancreatic mass and underwent pancreatectomy, compared with only 16 of 40 with type 1 (P &lt; 0·001). Three of 25 patients with AIP type 2 presented with raised serum levels of IgG4 compared with 21 of 38 with type 1 (P &lt; 0·001). There was no difference in symptoms and involvement of other organs between AIP types 1 and 2. Presentation with weight loss was more common among patients with PDAC than those with AIP, but there was no difference in pain or jaundice between the groups. Raised serum carbohydrate antigen 19-9 levels were more prevalent in patients with PDAC. Conclusion Patients with AIP type 2 frequently present with abdominal pain and a tumour-like mass. Differentiating AIP from PDAC is difficult, so making the clinical decision regarding operative versus conservative management is challenging.
The Relationship Between Motivation and Exposure to EFL outside the Classroom

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Language learning is a complex process that is constantly changing and being influenced by numerous factors, including cognitive, affective and social. Studies on motivation have found their roots in different theories and methodologies that introduced a number of variables. The present study examines the relationship between motivation and EFL outside the classroom. Motivation is thus defined as another complex system that has different stems, while English outside the classroom belongs to one of many contextual factors influencing motivation itself. Motivation has been conceptualized as having three types of motivational orientation (pragmatic-communicative motivation, affective motivation and integrative motivation) and two demotivators (classroom environment and learning difficulties). EFL outside the classroom was based on former experiences (the length of studying English, visit to a foreign country, valuation of language skills) and frequency of English usage outside the class in any form. The study showed and proved a positive relationship between motivation and engaging in EFL activities outside the classroom, because different English related activities can increase motivation to learn the language.
Sorting system based on image processing for quartz wafer

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The defects of quartz wafer were recognized by means of image processing,and the quartz wafer was sorted by its quality.The quartz wafer was amplifered in optical-microscope,converted by CCD-camera into computor image,defects were numberalized.Sorting gates were made by defects property,image processing route were sorted according to the gates,sent the sorting result to controller and olled the sorting mechanism to place it into its box.Total system and operation theory and a part of processing flow of the controller were expounded.The whole performances of the sorting system were given.
Managing Spring Dead Spot of Bermudagrass

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Spring dead spot is the most destructive disease of bermudagrass in Kentucky. The most serious outbreaks occur under high maintenance conditions; e.g., high nitrogen fertility, low mowing height, and frequent traffic. Moderate to severe outbreaks can occur under low-maintenance conditions as well.\nHigh levels of resistance to spring dead spot in bermudagrass varieties have not yet been demonstrated experimentally. Limited data suggest that those varieties with best winter hardiness are somewhat less susceptible to the disease. To date, no confirmed cases of spring dead spot have been documented in “Quickstand” bermudagrass, which may indicate that this variety will suffer less from the disease than other available varieties.
A Mathematical Population Growth Model for Urban Water Security Management and Sustainability in Cities (Case Study: Tabriz City)

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

In this research, a new conceptual framework introduced to analysis of water security. Using the exponential, logistic growth model, and employing the historical population of Tabriz city from 1956 to 2016, the future period (2022-2100) population predicted. Pearson Correlation, Spearman&#039;s Rho and Kendall&#039;s rank coefficients were used for analyzing correlation between population and water consumption. In addition, the amount of city water demand in the future period predicted using the ordinary least square model. Then, water stress and water scarcity indices calculated for Tabriz city in the future period. Results indicated that the mathematical population growth models are very suitable for prediction of city population. There was a significant positive correlation between the city population and water demand. In addition, the amount of water demand will proportionally increase with rising number of population. Finally, linear and quadratic equations presented for city water demand based on the city population number. It can be concluded that Tabriz city will be faced with severe water stress in the future period. The proposed new method in this study can be used for other different cities of the world. Also, Results will be helpful for decision makers in optimum management of urban water resources.
Quantifying the Release of Biomarkers of Myocardial Necrosis from Cardiac Myocytes and Intact Myocardium

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract BACKGROUND Myocardial infarction is diagnosed when biomarkers of cardiac necrosis exceed the 99th centile, although guidelines advocate even lower concentrations for early rule-out. We examined how many myocytes and how much myocardium these concentrations represent. We also examined if dietary troponin can confound the rule-out algorithm. METHODS Individual rat cardiac myocytes, rat myocardium, ovine myocardium, or human myocardium were spiked into 400-μL aliquots of human serum. Blood was drawn from a volunteer after ingestion of ovine myocardium. High-sensitivity assays were used to measure cardiac troponin T (cTnT; Roche, Elecsys), cTnI (Abbott, Architect), and cardiac myosin-binding protein C (cMyC; EMD Millipore, Erenna®). RESULTS The cMyC assay could only detect the human protein. For each rat cardiac myocyte added to 400 μL of human serum, cTnT and cTnI increased by 19.0 ng/L (95% CI, 16.8–21.2) and 18.9 ng/L (95% CI, 14.7–23.1), respectively. Under identical conditions cTnT, cTnI, and cMyC increased by 3.9 ng/L (95% CI, 3.6–4.3), 4.3 ng/L (95% CI, 3.8–4.7), and 41.0 ng/L (95% CI, 38.0–44.0) per μg of human myocardium. There was no detectable change in cTnI or cTnT concentration after ingestion of sufficient ovine myocardium to increase cTnT and cTnI to approximately 1 × 108 times their lower limits of quantification. CONCLUSIONS Based on pragmatic assumptions regarding cTn and cMyC release efficiency, circulating species, and volume of distribution, 99th centile concentrations may be exceeded by necrosis of 40 mg of myocardium. This volume is much too small to detect by noninvasive imaging.
CHAPTER 43: European Stone Fruit Yellows Phytoplasma

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

European stone fruit yellows (ESFY) is the common name of several economically important decline diseases of stone fruits (Prunus spp.) in Europe. A decline by apoplexy was first reported for apricot in France and for Japanese plum in Italy. Since then, several diseases have been described as chlorotic leaf roll of apricot, leptonecrosis and decline of Japanese plum, peach yellows and peach decline of peach, Molières disease of sweet cherry and European plum, and other diseases that include those affecting almond and flowering cherry. Molecular studies revealed that all these diseases are caused by a relatively homogeneous organism, the ESFY phytoplasma.
Obtaining of S region of HBV surface antigen in Pichia pastoris GS115

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

New plasmids pPIC3.5-S (8426 bp) and pPIC9-S (8680 bp) producing the S region of hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBV) were cloned and the recombinant strains of Pichia pastoris GS115 were obtained on their basis.