jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Exposure to acetamide-based compounds is a risk factor of acute hepatic inflammation

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Introduction Acetamide-based compounds widely used in industries and their toxic effect have not been studied. Thioacetamide (TAA) is widely used in industry and is known to be a hepatotoxicants in experimental animals. However, the mechanism underlying TAA-induced acute inflammation is still unclear. The authors investigated the mechanisms and the involvement of main TAA metabolites in acute hepatic inflammation induced by TAA-in rats. Methods Acute hepatic inflammation was induced by TAA (0, 10, 30 and 100 mg/kg, intraperitoneally), while the inflammatory indicators including cytokines and nitric oxide were determined 0, 1, 3, 6 and 12 h after TAA administration. Hepatic pro-inflammatory cytokines were measured quantitatively using ELISA. SKF525A (cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP 2E1) inhibitor) were used to examine the role of cytochrome in TAA-induced acute hepatic inflammation. In addition, TAA-S-oxide and acetamide were also used to examine the involvement of TAA metabolites in the early stage of TAA-induced hepatic inflammation. Results TAA increased, within 6 h, hepatic tumour necrosis factor-aproduction, interleukin 1b, nitrite levels, inducible nitric oxide synthase expression and myeloperoxidase activity. CYP 2E1 inhibitors showed significant inhibition of tumour necrosis factor α, interleukin 1β, nitrite, and myeloperoxidase activity after TAA treatment. In addition, acetamide, but not TAA-S-oxide, increased myeloperoxidase activity and all tested proinflammatory mediators generation. Conclusion The authors conclude that acetamide-associated neutrophil activation is involved, at least partially, in TAA-induced hepatic inflammation. Further, exposure to acetamide-based compounds may be a risk factor of acute hepatic inflammation.
APPLICATION OF THE CLASSIC MODEL OF THE LOTKA–WOLTERRA AT THE REDUCTION OF THE PROBLEM OF RATIONAL USE OF RESOURCES IN RAILWAY SCOPE OF ACTIVITY

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

The article deals with the simulation of processes described by the Lotkа-Volterra equations, which allows a comprehensive assessment of the dynamics of processes in various fields (biology, ecology, medicine, economics, social studies, history, radio physics and other sciences), to reach the equilibrium levels of the competing systems studied, theoretically predict and control the behavior of the main parameters of the model.Among the most important issues facing today's modern railway enterprises in Ukraine is the search for ways to increase their efficiency. Under these conditions, issues of development and implementation of resource-saving technologies at railway enterprises are of particular importance.For efficiency enterprises, cost optimization models are needed to ensure that economically sound decisions are made that increase financial performance and form the basis for effective work.The article deals with the simulation of processes described by the Lotkа-Volterra equations with the help of the Matlab software is considered. Based on the results presented in the simulation of the analyzed system, with the help of time and phase trajectories, it was investigated that Lotka-Volterra's mathematical model is a universal model that can be used to optimize a particular process.The application of the classical mathematical model of Lotka-Volterra in the railway field of activity for cost optimization is carried out on the example of the process of distributing the estimated amount of brake pads needed to provide rolling stock, by creating an imitation model and obtaining characteristics that allow obtaining clear data on the process of distributing brake pads by locomotives and at the same time to avoid downtime, as well as excessive costs for the purchase of too many brake pads.
Construction and identification of eukaryotic vector expressing pIRES2-EGFP-hBMP2

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

AIM:To construct and identify the eukaryotic vector pIRES2-EGFP-hBMP2 expressing human hBMP2. METHODS: We cloned human hMBP2 gene from human osteogenic sarcoma with RT-PCR and inserted it into T-vector. Then we verified the DNA sequence with DNA sequencing and sub-cloned it into the eukaryotic vector pIRES2-EGFP and identified it with double digestion. Finally we transfected the pIRES2-EGFP-hBMP2 into HEK293 cells and verified the expression with fluorescence microscope and Western blot. RESULTS: Human BMP2 gene was cloned successfully and verified with double digestion and DNA sequencing, and the constructed eukaryotic vector pIRES2-EGFP-hBMP2 could express hBMP2 correctly. CONCLUSION: We constructed the eukaryotic vector pIRES2-EGFP-hBMP2 expressing hBMP2 and established the foundation for the study of this gene.
Fuzzy MCDM Model for Selection of Infectious Waste Management Contractors

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Healthcare supply chains are under pressure to drive down costs because of digital business, shifting customer needs and new competition. Medical waste generated from medical facilities includes medical activities and daily-life activities of patients and their family members. According to statistics of the Department of Health Environmental Management, Vietnam currently has more than 13,500 medical facilities, including hospitals from central to provincial and district levels and private hospitals and medical facilities. Preventive medicine generates about 590 tons of medical waste/day and is estimated to be about 800 tons/day. Medical waste includes ordinary medical waste and hazardous medical waste; in which ordinary medical waste accounts for about 80%–90%, only about 10%–20% is hazardous medical waste including infectious waste and non-infectious hazardous waste. This is an environmental and occupational health issue that needs attention in developing countries like Vietnam. Handling large amounts of medical waste to ensure environmental and personal hygiene, doing so inefficiently creates potential hazards to the environment and increases operating costs. However, hospitals lack objective criteria and methods to evaluate and select the most optimal infectious medical waste, relying instead on their own subjective assessment and prior experience. Therefore, the author proposed a fuzzy multicriteria decision making (MCDM) model including Fuzzy Analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) and the Weighted Aggregated Sum-Product Assessment (WASPAS) for infectious medical waste contractors’ selection in this research. The proposed Fuzzy MCDM method is in-tended to provide a more efficient, accurate method in the selection of infectious medical waste contractors than subjective assessment methods, thus reduce potential risks to hospitals. The results of this study can be applied to evaluate and select contractors in other industries.
The impact of BRAC on poverty dynamics and poverty transition: results of panel data analysis

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper looks into the issue of economic graduation of the poor and tries to finding out the impact of \nBRAC's Rural Development Programme (RDP) on it. Economic graduation is defined by the upward \nmobility of the poor along the poverty-pyramid into non-poor status and the ability of the vulnerable non-poor \nto sustain their position. Here both the expenditure and perceptual methods are considered in \ndefining poverty. For the analysis of impact a panel data set on 419 RDP members and 81 comparable \nnon-RDP households collected twice in 1997 and 2001 were used. Results show that when poverty \namong non-RDP comparison households increased from 68% to 73%, it declined from 59% to 52% \namong RDP member households. Poverty gap also declined sharply among the latter group. Regarding \npoverty inequality a declining trend was observed for both of the groups. RDP made significant \ncontribution in the upward mobility of the poor. The extreme poor RDP households did quite well in \nterms of upward mobility. Although the rate of overall downward mobility among RDP members was \nrelatively less than the rate among comparison households, almost half of the RDP's initial non-poor \nslipped into poverty. Results of multivariate analysis show significant positive association of poverty \ngraduation with households' initial wealth base and changes in village level infrastructure which indicate \nthat for making significant change in the lives of the poor necessary steps should be taken for \nstrengthening household's physical asset base and also for providing rural infrastructure.
Sir William Temple, Meric Casaubon, and Swift's <italic>Mechanical Operation of the Spirit</italic>

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Journal Article Sir William Temple, Meric Casaubon, and Swift's Mechanical Operation of the Spirit Get access Helen O'Brien Molitor Helen O'Brien Molitor University of Manitoba Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume 33, Issue 4, December 1986, Pages 484–485, https://doi.org/10.1093/notesj/33.4.484 Published: 01 December 1986
On the Robustness of the Botnet Topology Formed by Worm Infection

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Peer-to-peer botnets formed by worm infection have become a real threat to the Internet and are expected to become rampant in the near future. In our previous work, we have analyzed the underlying botnet topology formed by worm infection, without considering potential user defenses. In this paper, we extend the study to characterize the evolution of the botnet structure when users patch or clean part of infected hosts after all vulnerable machines are compromised. Specifically, we examine the number of peers of an infected host and the size of disconnected botnets under random node removal through simulation. We find that when part of infected hosts are patched or cleaned, the distribution of the number of peers follows closely an exponential distribution, whereas the distribution of the size of isolated botnets is power-law. Moreover, we also evaluate a simple countermeasure by botnets that enhances topology robustness through worm re-infection, and show that re-infection can significantly mitigate the effectiveness of patching and cleaning on the botnet structure. We believe that such a study can not only provide better understandings on both the strength and the weakness of botnets, but also better prepare us for future attacks.
Heat Transfer in a Reacting System

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

均相瞬間反応系であるN2O4-NO2ガスを円管内に流し, 壁における境膜伝熱係数, 温度および流速分布を測定した。平均のNu数は物性値を平均のエンタルピにおける値を用いると, Colburnの式で整理することができ, その係数は0.023であった。エンタルピーを推進力にとり, 反応による密度と粘度の変化を考慮して, Deisslerのアナロジーを適用して流速分布とエンタルピー分布を求め, 実験値と比較した。
Lviv as the cradle of Polish independence organizations

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Lviv occupies a special place in the history of Poland. With its heroic history, it has earned the exceptionally honorable name of a city that has always been faithful to the homeland. SEMPER FIDELIS – always faithful. Marshal Józef Piłsudski sealed that title while decorating the city with the Order of Virtuti Militari in 1920. The past of Lviv, the always smoldering and uncompromising Polish revolutionist spirit, the climate, and the atmosphere that prevailed in it created the right conditions for making it the center of thought and independence movement in the early 20th century. In the early twentieth century, Polish independence organizations of various political orientations were established, from the ranks of which came legions of prominent Polish politicians and military and social activists.
Glycosidase antibodies induced to a half-chair transition-state analog

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTGlycosidase antibodies induced to a half-chair transition-state analogHiroaki Suga, Norihiko Tanimoto, Anthony J. Sinskey, and Satoru MasamuneCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 24, 11197–11198Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00103a061https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00103a061research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views243Altmetric-Citations25LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Solanum melongena GH354

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Plant Genetic Resource.
Taxonomy: Solanum melongena
Common name(s): Garden eggs
Other names: Garden eggs
Conserved by: CSIR-Plant Genetic Resources Research Institute (PGRRI), Ghana
Local sample unique identifier: GH354
Method of creation: Acquisition
Date: 1971-03-14
Historical: No
Initial Teacher Education: The Practice of Whiteness

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This chapter will discuss how initial teacher education — with respect to preparing and enabling student teachers to teach with confidence, knowledge and understanding in the ethnically diverse classrooms in England — receives little attention in the pre-service teacher education programmes. The chapter will illustrate the current position with respect to teacher training and education in England regarding race equality, and will show that there is very little content related to preparing teachers to understand their own racialised positions as powerful professionals, within either predominantly White or multiethnic classrooms. There is almost no education or training to help student teachers to understand the constructs of race and ethnicity; there is even less attention given to how student teachers can work with pupils to address racist incidents and how they can use the curriculum as a vehicle to develop children's understanding of multicultural Britain, or how to educate children and young people beyond the stereotypes rehearsed and promoted in the media every day.KeywordsTeacher EducationStudent TeacherHate CrimeTrainee TeacherMulticultural EducationThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
How Has the Growth of E-commerce Sales Affected Retail Real Estate?

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Abstract This research paper tracks the growth of e-commerce retail sales from 2000 through 2018 to see if the emergence of e-commerce has affected the retail real estate market in any way. With many stores now offering online shopping and many large retailers contemplating lowering their presence in brick and mortar stores, this question is relevant now more than ever. In order to test for the correlation between e-commerce retail sales growth and the retail real estate market, a collection of retail real estate factors are investigated. This paper tests retail real estate factors at the United States country level and a more in-depth city level that investigates 66 individual cities nationwide. In the OLS modeling, these retail variables represent my dependent variables. These dependent variables were then regressed on a yearly basis against total e-commerce retail sales and a vector of control variables. The results show that returns of the NCREIF property index, asking rent, and percent change in commercial real estate prices for the U.S. are negatively impacted by total e-commerce retail sales. These results indicate that the growth of e-commerce retail sales has negatively impacted the retail real estate market to some degree. This correlation can have long term impacts on the survival of many retail businesses and can eventually affect the economies of small towns and cities across the country. If physical retail locations begin to suffer, other local stores and restaurants will likely suffer as well, eventually impacting the economy on a larger scale.
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif tipe Think Pair Square (TPSq)Terhadap Kemampuan Penalaran Matematis Peserta Didik Kelas XI MIPA SMAN 3 Padang

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Mathematicalvreasoning is one of the basicmabilities that every student must have in learninpg
mathematics. However, the observationkresultsg obtained gindicate that the gmathematicallreasoning ability of
students of class XI MIPA in SMA Negeri 3 Padang is can still bekimproved. The implementationpof learning is
still centered on the teacher, so students tend to be more passivehin learning. One effort tomovercome this
problem is to implementpthe ThinkhPair SquaremCooperative learningmmodel. The purpose of thismresearch is
to describe whethert the mathematicalvreasoning ability of students who learn using CooperativebThink Pair
Square Type models is better than students who learn to use conventionalclearning in class XI MIPA SMA
Negeri 3 Padang. This type of research is a quasycexperiment with a Static GrouppDesign. Sampling was
carriedo out by SimplevRandom Sampling technique. Data on mathematicalbreasoning ability were analyzed
usingbt-test. Based on datamanalysis, it is found that ThinkpPair Square Cooperative learningbmodel
influences the students' mathematicalmreasoning ability, so that theh mathematicaln reasonig abilityj of
students whoh learn witha Cooperative gLearningbmodel Think gPair ySquare is better than dstudents who
learn withb conventional blearningjin XI MIPA high school Negeri 3 Padang
NESC VII: A European Project for Application of WPS in RPV Assessment Including Biaxial Loading

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The Reactor Pressure Vessel (RPV) is an essential component liable to limit the lifetime duration of PWR plants. The assessment of defects in RPV subjected to PTS transients made at a European level do not necessarily take into account the beneficial effect of load history (warm pre-stress WPS) on the resistance of RPV material regarding the risk of brittle failure. A 4-year European Research & Development program — SMILE — was successfully conducted between 2002 and 2005 as part of the 5th Framework of the European Atomic Energy Community (EURATOM). The objective of the SMILE project (‘Structural Margin Improvements in aged-embrittled RPV with Load history Effects’) was to provide sufficient evidence in order to demonstrate, to model and to validate the beneficial WPS effect in a RPV integrity assessment. Numerous experimental, analytical and numerical results have been obtained which confirm the beneficial effect of warm pre-stress on RPV steels, with an effective significant increase of the material resistance regarding the risk of brittle failure. In addition to SMILE, a new project dealing with WPS — NESC VII — has been launched in 2008 (linking with the European Network of Excellence NULIFE) with the participation of numerous international organizations (R&D, Utilities and Manufacturers). Based on experimental, analytical and numerical tasks, the project is focused on topics generally not covered by past experience on WPS: biaxiality of loading on large-scale specimens, effect of irradiation, applicability to intergranular fracture, modeling (including analytical and numerical models) … Among these tasks, some new novel WPS experiments are being conducted on large scale cruciform bend bar specimens in order to study the influence of biaxial loading on WPS effect, using a fully representative RPV steel (18MND5 steel similar to A533B steel). After a synthesis of main WPS results available from previous projects on representative RPV steels, a description of the NESC VII project is presented in this paper together with the corresponding organization, including the present status of the project.
Developmental Appropriateness of Kindergarten Programs and Academic Outcomes in First Grade

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study explored the relationship between the developmental appropriateness of kindergarten classroom instruction and first-grade report card grade overall averages and average in reading, language, spelling, math, science, and social studies. the interactive roles that gender, SES, and kindergarten classroom type play in children's later achievement were also examined. The sample consisted of 166 first-grade children who had attended kindergarten classrooms with teaching practices identified as predominately developmentally appropriate or developmentally inappropriate. Findings indicated that first-graders from more appropriate kindergarten classrooms had higher reading averages than children from less appropriate kindergarten classrooms. Females had higher overall and subject area averages than males. Significant interaction effects indicated that high SES children from less appropriate kindergarten classrooms had higher overall averages and higher averages in all subjects except reading, when compared with low SES children from less appropriate classrooms.
Obtaining hydrolysate from macauba oil and its application in the production of methyl esters

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This work aimed to obtain a hydrolyzate rich in free fatty acids (FFA) from the hydrolysis of macauba oil for subsequent esterification and obtaining of methyl esters. To determine the conditions that maximize FFA yield in the hydrolysis step, the effects of buffer solution percentage and catalyst concentration (Lipozyme® RM IM) were determined at 55 ºC and 6 h. From the results, it was verified that both variables evaluated in the experimental range had an influence on the reaction and their increase favored the production of FFA. Additional experiments were carried out to assess the influence of reaction time with a progressive increase up to 8 h. Hydrolyzate with ~92 wt % FFA was obtained and its use in the enzymatic esterification step using Novozym® 435 as catalyst resulted in ~95 % FFA conversion. Regarding the reuse of enzymes at each stage, a ~50 % reduction in FFA yield was found and only 98 % FFA conversion.
Roll-to-Roll Nanotexturisation of Layers on Steel Foil Substrates for nip Silicon Solar Cells

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Light management is of utmost importance for thin film silicon solar cells. For nip cells, light management can be provided by textured back reflectors. In this paper, we demonstrate the fabrication of textured back contact foil on an industry compatible scale. A UV-curing lacquer on a stretch of 80 m of 30 cm wide steel foil was nanotextured in roll-to-roll mode, using the contact imprint method. Lab-scale samples were textured statically to test the effect on the growth of silicon by PECVD and cell efficiencies. The light trapping effect increases with decreasing lateral feature size. High aspect ratio structures result in strong domain boundaries defined by the period of the gratings and in non-conformal growth of the active layers of the cell. In its turn, this non-conformal growth, with thinner coverage of the steep slopes of the texture can lead to shunting problems in the solar cells. So, a balance needs to be found between optimum light scattering of the textured back contact and optimum layer growth on that back contact.