jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Use of Gamma Radiation, Chemicals, and Packaging Films to Control Post Harvest Diseases and to Extend Refrigerated Life of Strawberries and Cherries

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In recent years there has been a considerable amount of work done on developing chemicals that would inhibit mold growth when applied to fresh fruit, and at the same time, be acceptable to man when taken orally. This would save many thousands of tons of fresh produce that are lost each year by spoilage before it ever reaches the consumer. Along with the development of new chemicals to inhibit mold growth there is a substantial amount of research being done on developing a packaging film that will prevent recontamination of the produce, at the same time allowing the passage of gasses into and out of the package to allow respiration of the fruit. During the present century much emphasis has been placed on growing certain varieties of fruit for our specific needs. It has been found that particular varieties are better for canning and that other varieties are better for freezing. With the release of atomic energy for peaceful use in 1933 by the United States Congress, a new era of food preservation was introduced. Men in the scientific fields believe it is possible to extend the shelf-life of fresh fruits without altering their physical condition to great extent. Many institutions have been awarded grants and contracts to work on various phases of food preservation with atomic energy. Utah State University was awarded a contract by the United States Army Quartermaster Corp to study the use of gamma radiation for extending the shelf-life of fresh produce. It was with this idea in mind that work for this thesis was conducted to study the effects of gamma radiation, fungicides, and packaging film on the microbial growth on certain varieties of strawberries and cherries. In addition, experiments were conducted using fungicides and packaging films in order to lower the dose of radiation necessary to prevent mold growth. In order for this method of preserving fresh fruit to become successful, new and more economical methods and techniques in handling the materials will have to be developed.
The Anti-Circumvention Provision of The Digital Millennium Copyright Act

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The DMCA's ban on circumvention technology, however, has been the subject of some dispute. In the "arms race" between encryption and decryption technologies, the anti-circumvention provision seems to have recently won out. The anti-circumvention provision also appears to have altered the contours of copyright law and to have disturbed the balance between protecting the rights of authors and promoting the advancement and flow of information. This Article begins with a brief history of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act and its anti-circumvention provision. It then describes the features of the anti-circumvention provision, its exceptions, and the remedies provided by the Act. Finally, it reviews three recent cases that raise important issues that, when ultimately resolved, may permanently affect copyright law.
Investigation of key drivers of functional food consumption among elites in an emerging market

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The present study seeks to investigate the key drivers behind consumer choice of functional foods, particularly in emerging market namely Sri Lanka by exploring hierarchical value structures (attributes‐perceived consequences‐values) behind functional food consumption in an emerging market namely Sri Lanka. To identify the key drivers of functional food choice, the data was gathered through 45 semi‐structured interviews by integrating laddering techniques. The data was analysed by deploying the standard MEC analysis procedure. The findings of MEC analysis of functional foods in general indicate that functional food choice is driven through abstract and concrete product attributes, health related psychological consequences, internal values related to self‐fulfilment and self‐enhancement. Finally, this study contributes to the limited knowledge on key drivers of consumer functional food choices in emerging markets and provides valuable insights on how functional foods are seen as a mean to achieve elite consumers desired end goals. Further research is required across different consumer segments to further substantiate the findings of the present study.
Influence Of Working Group Activities Of Teachers On The Effectiveness Of Mathematics Teaching At EBC Besilau Laulara And EBC Fahisoi Lequidoe Academic Year 2021

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The data analysis technique used in this research is descriptive statistics analysis techniques and inference analysis techniques with the aim of studying the research variable itself. In relation to the variables and samples mentioned, the techniques used to collect data are observation, questionnaire and documentation and according to Setiono and Riwonoto (2015) states that the Likert scale is the psychometric scale that is generally used in the questionnaire. And the instrument to be used to measure alternative responses is the Likert scale, this scale can be measured by choosing the perfect alternative answers, with the value used being 1 to 5 variables, so the researcher concluded that the questionnaire distributed to teachers with variables (X) is the influence of the activity of the teachers (GTP) and variable (Y) is the effectiveness of teaching mathematics, from the dependent and independent variables used by the researcher to find out whether or not the influence of one variable on another variable. Thus the results of the inference statistics analysis on the influence of the activity of the Working Group teachers (GTP) with a sample of 27 shows that the table = 0, 9 with a count = 2. Because the largest count of the table (2 > 0,9) is that we can say that we revenue Ho and accept Hi with his conclusion that there is a significant influence between the Activity of the Working Group dose teachers on the effectiveness of mathematics teaching (Y) at EBC Fahisoi Lequidoe and EBC Besilau Laulara.
Labeling of Proteins for Single-Molecule Fluorescence Spectroscopy

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Single-molecule fluorescence spectroscopy has become an important technique for studying the conformational dynamics and folding of proteins. A key step for performing such experiments is the availability of high-quality samples. Here we describe the practical details of a simple and widely applicable strategy for preparing proteins that are site-specifically labeled with a donor and an acceptor dye for single-molecule Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) experiments. The method is based on introducing two cysteine residues that are labeled with maleimide-functionalized fluorophores, combined with high-resolution chromatography. We discuss how to optimize site-specific labeling even in the absence of orthogonal coupling chemistry and present purification strategies that are suitable for samples ranging from intrinsically disordered proteins to large folded proteins. We also discuss common problems in protein labeling, how to avoid them, and how to stringently control sample quality.<br>
MRI Utilization for Musculoskeletal Injuries in Division 1 Collegiate Athletes

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose: 1) Describe MRI utilization for musculoskeletal injuries in a cohort of Division 1 collegiate athletes over a two year period (8/07 - 8/09). 2) Determine associations between MRI use and subsequent musculoskeletal surgeries; MRI utilization for upper (UE) vs. lower extremity (LE) injuries and impact of gender. Methods: Prospective cohort study (8/07 - 8/09). Data was collected for 36 varsity sports at one NCAA Division 1 college including all musculoskeletal MRI scans completed, body part scanned, gender and all musculoskeletal surgeries performed. Descriptive statistics for all variables and ANOVA and Fisher's Exact testing were performed. Significance was p<0.05. (STATA 10.0) Results: There were 418 musculoskeletal MRI scans. 98 were of UE and spine with shoulder most common (43). 316 were of LE with knee most common (125). 99 surgeries were performed: 33 UE and spine with shoulder most common (19) and 66 LE with knee most common (40). 60/99 surgeries had an MRI scan performed prior to surgery. Football ranked first in number of MRIs ordered and surgeries performed. When data was normalized for roster size, football did not have the highest utilization of MRIs or surgeries per athlete. Comparison of LE vs. UE showed significance (p=0.025) with LE having significantly higher MRIs completed and surgeries performed without an MRI. There was no difference between LE vs. UE in surgeries with an MRI done prior to surgery. Gender was not significant (p=0.066). When comparing MRIs and surgeries performed with no MRI, there was a significant difference among the groups (p=0.033). This was due to a larger number of surgeries of the shoulder and less number of surgeries of the LE (excluding the knee) than expected. Conclusions: In Division 1 collegiate athletes, the shoulder and knee are the most common body parts being imaged with MRI. Football has the highest gross number of MRIs and surgeries done but did not have the highest number of MRIs or surgeries per athlete. There are significant differences between UE and LE with respect to MRIs ordered and surgeries done without an MRI, but not in surgeries performed with a prior MRI. Gender was not a significant predictor. Further study is needed to see if these trends are similar in other Division 1 collegiate athletic programs.
Clinical analysis of Tracheobronchial foreign bodies with subcutaneous emphysema,mediastinal emphysema or pneumothorax

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To discuss the clinical features,treatments and prevention of tracheobronchial foreign bodies with subcutaneous emphysema,mediastinal emphysema or pneumothorax in children.Methods Fifty tracheobronchial patients with subcutaneous emphysema,mediastinal emphysema or pneumothorax were included from January,1984 to December,2008.Age,risk factors,clinical features of operation-related complications and the treatments were discussed.Results Forty-eight patients were cured after a 5-7 day treatment.One patient complicated with atelectasis and pleural adhesion and one patient died.Conclusion The rupture of the alveolar due to pulmonary hypertension is the main factor causing mediastinal emphysema and pneumothorax.Timely and accurate diagnosis is the prerequisites to reduce the mortality rate of tracheobronchial foreign body with complications.Prevention of operation-related complications is the key to reduce the mortality rate.
EVALUATION OF DUAL-SPECTRUM IR SPECTROGRAM SYSTEM ON INVASIVE DUCTAL CARCINOMA (IDC) BREAST CANCER

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Invasive Ductal Carcinoma (IDC) is one of the most frequently diagnosed breast cancers. IDC accounts for about 8 out of 10 of all invasive breast cancers. While early detection of breast cancer is essential for the reduction of death rate, there may be already more than 10 7 cells in a breast cancer when it can be observed by X-ray mammogram. In contrast, the passive IR spectrogram proposed by Szu et al. was shown to be promising in detecting breast cancers several months ahead of mammogram. With energy readings from two IR cameras, middle wavelength IR (MIR, 3–5 μm) and long wavelength IR (LIR, 8–12 μm), dual-spectrum IR (DS-IR) spectrogram may be computed by using the deterministic neighborhood-based blind source separation algorithm developed by Szu et al.. 4–7 To evaluate the performance of the DS-IR spectrogram on detection of IDC, a DS-IR spectrogram hardware system is built and a sub-pixel super-resolution registration is developed to implement the deterministic neighborhood-based blind source separation algorithm. Clinical tests have been carried out with the approval of Institutional Review Board of National Taiwan University Hospital. From August 2007 to June 2008, 35 patients aged between 30–66 (average age 49) with IDC breast cancers were recruited in this project. The results demonstrate that 62.86% of success rate for IDC detection may be achieved with the cross-sectional data. Longitudinal study shows that breast cancers may be detected more accurately by cross-referencing s 1 maps of multiple time-points.
A Study On Grading System Followed on Measuring the Employee Performance In Zcodia Technologies-

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Globally the success of any organization is increasingly depending upon the sustained results it can deliver on continuous basis. Human Resources Management is driving all resources towards achieving this effort and to satisfy all stake holders of the organizations. Performance management is seen as a strategic approach in delivering sustained organizational success by managing and improving the individual employee and team performance. Globalization has brought in pierce competition on the quality of products /services the companies have to deliver. Developing economies like Brazil, Russia, India and China (BRIC countries) are creating opportunities galore in the growth of new business sectors. The fast pace of development during the last decade has lead to dearth of employable people, more so in Banking, Insurance, IT and ITES sectors. The crucial challenge for the organizations is how to manage employee current performance and also to improve their future performance.
Generalized Spectral-Temporal Features for Representing Speech Information

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Based on extensive prior studies of speech science focused on the spectral-temporal properties of human speech perception, as well as a wide range of spectral-temporal speech features already in use, and motivated by the time-frequency resolution properties of human hearing, this chapter proposes and evaluates one general class of spectral-temporal features. These features, intended primarily for use in Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) front ends, allow different realizations of general time-frequency concepts to be easily implemented and tuned through a set of frequency and time-warping functions. The methods presented are flexible enough to allow evaluation of the relative importance of the spectral and temporal features and to explore the trade-off between time and frequency resolution. Extensive ASR experiments were conducted to evaluate various spectral-temporal properties using this unified framework.
Centering ADMM for the Semidefinite Relaxation of the QAP

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We propose a new method for solving the semidefinite (SD) relaxation of the quadratic assignment problem (QAP), called Centering ADMM. Centering ADMM is an alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) combining the centering steps used in the interior-point method. The first stage of Centering ADMM updates the iterate so that it approaches the central path by incorporating a barrier function term into the objective function, as in the interior-point method. If the current iterate is sufficiently close to the central path with a sufficiently small value of the barrier parameter, the method switches to the standard version of ADMM. We show that Centering ADMM (not employing a dynamic update of the penalty parameter) has global convergence properties. To observe the effect of the centering steps, we conducted numerical experiments with SD relaxation problems of instances in QAPLIB. The results demonstrate that the centering steps are quite efficient for some classes of instances.
Delinquency prevention using family-based interventions

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper reviews 24 evaluations of prevention programmes including some kind of family-based intervention (usually parent training or parent education), an outcome measure of offending or disruptive child behaviour, a high quality experimental design and a minimum sample size of 100. Programmes are divided into seven categories according to the context of the intervention: home visiting, day care, pre-school, school, clinic, community or multi-systemic therapy. Most interventions were effective in reducing childhood antisocial behaviour and later delinquency, and in some cases their monetary benefits exceeded their monetary costs. General parent education and more formal parent training are both effective prevention techniques. Research is needed to identify the active ingredients of successful programmes, and to establish why some large-scale programmes were not successful. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Physical culture as a part of civil society [Tělesná kultura jako součást občanské společnosti]

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

BACKGROUND: The principle issue is that of the characteristics of civil society, its relationship to the state, and the understanding of physical culture as a part of civil society. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this paper is to explain the position of physical culture as a part of civil society and all socio-political problems connected with it. RESULTS: The principle part is devoted to differences in physical education, movement (physical-exercise) recreation and sport from the point of view of the part they play in civil society. It is stated that there is not a problem with physical education being a part of the school curriculum, because its presence there is guaranteed by the state. Furthermore, the problems of relationships between movement recreation and civil society, respectively between sport and civil society are described. These problems are addressed from the point of view of social benefit and they are understood at various levels. In conclusion, there are notes concerning volunteerism as a very important aspect of the activities executed within the framework of physical culture. CONCLUSIONS: From the results described in the paper we can conclude that physical culture is, with its sociopolitical consequences, a very important part of civil society. That conclusion is important from the point of view of understanding its sense.
[VÝCHODISKA: Hlavním problémem je charakteristika občanské společnosti, její vazby na stát a pochopení tělesné kultury jako složky občanské společnosti. CÍLE: Cílem tohoto sdělení je vysvětlení postavení tělesné kultury jako části občanské společnosti a všech jejích socio-politických problémů s tím spojených. VÝSLEDKY: Hlavní část je zaměřena na rozdílnosti tělesné výchovy, pohybové (tělocvičné) rekreace a sportu z hlediska jejich účasti na občanské společnosti. Je konstatováno, že není problém s tělesnou výchovou jako částí školního vzdělání, poněvadž ta je garantována státem. Dále jsou popisovány problémy vztahů mezi pohybovou rekreací a občanskou společností, resp. sportem a občanskou společností. Tyto problémy jsou řešeny z hlediska veřejného prospěchu a jsou chápány v různých úrovních. V závěru jsou poznámky týkající se dobrovolnictví jako velmi významného aspektu aktivit realizovaných v rámci tělesné kultury. ZÁVĚRY: Z práce vyplývá, že tělesná kultura je se svými socio-politickými konsekvencemi velmi významnou součástí občanské společnosti. Tento závěr je významný z hlediska pochopení jejího smyslu.]
Pathogenomics of theRalstonia solanacearumSpecies Complex

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Ralstonia solanacearum is a major phytopathogen that attacks many crops and other plants over a broad geographical range. The extensive genetic diversity of strains responsible for the various bacterial wilt diseases has in recent years led to the concept of an R. solanacearum species complex. Genome sequencing of more than 10 strains representative of the main phylogenetic groups has broadened our knowledge of the evolution and speciation of this pathogen and led to the identification of novel virulence-associated functions. Comparative genomic analyses are now opening the way for refined functional studies. The many molecular determinants involved in pathogenicity and host-range specificity are described, and we also summarize current understanding of their roles in pathogenesis and how their expression is tightly controlled by an intricate virulence regulatory network.
An ecological framework for understanding HIV- and AIDS-related stigma among Asian American and Pacific Islander men who have sex with men living in the USA

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Despite the fact that HIV- and AIDS-related stigma is consistently identified as an impediment to HIV prevention, a multilevel conceptualisation of HIV- and AIDS-related stigma continues to be poorly understood. The role of multilevel HIV- and AIDS-related stigma in the HIV prevention and intervention behaviours of Asian American and Pacific Islander who have sex with men in the USA is particularly overlooked. Psychology has contributed significantly to the identification of individual or interpersonal level factors influencing HIV- and AIDS-related stigma, while sociology has contributed to a more societal perspective. This dichotomy has led to the absence of a multilevel conceptual framework for analysing the HIV- or AIDS-related stigma experienced by Asian American and Pacific Islander who have sex with men in the USA. In this paper, we argue for need to develop such a model which is culturally grounded and bridges the individual, interpersonal and societal conceptualisations of stigma prominent in the social science literature. To that end, we use Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory to explore the manifestation of HIV stigma at the micro, meso and macro levels and how these might impact on HIV testing and HIV service utilisation among Asian American and Pacific Islander men who have sex with men. We conclude by identifying some practice and research implications.
Correlation of serum antibody titers against hepatitis C virus core protein with clinical features by western blot (immunoblot) analysis using a recombinant vaccinia virus expression system

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In order to study the relationships among the clinical features of hepatitis C patients, the presence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA in their blood, and their serum antibody titers against the core protein of virus and to study the antibody levels in asymptomatic HCV carriers, a recombinant vaccinia virus containing a core protein gene was constructed. The recombinant virus expressed a protein with a molecular mass of 22 kDa in RK-13 cells as determined by Western blot (immunoblot) analysis. By using the cell lysate of virus-infected cells and serially diluted serum samples, core antibody titers in the groups of patients in the chronic hepatitis phase and in the convalescent phase as well as in asymptomatic carriers were determined by enhanced chemiluminescence Western blot analysis. Almost all patients in the chronic phase were shown to have high antibody titers of more than 1:500,000 and with no exception had of HCV RNA in their sera. On the other hand, patients who had recovered naturally and were in the convalescent phase were shown to have significantly lower antibody titers, and the antibody was not detected in the lowest serum dilution of 1:500 in 43% of these patients (three of seven total patients). Antibody levels of patients who showed a good response to interferon treatment decreased to intermediate levels between those of patients in the chronic phase and those of patients in convalescent phase. The antibody titers in asymptomatic carriers varied considerably from 1:500,000 to 1:500, and 41% (11 of 27 total individuals) of these carriers showed a high titer equivalent to that of those in the chronic phase. Core antibody was detected consistently in the individuals in whom HCV RNA was detected. This system for core antibody might be useful for identifying the stage of an apparent HCV infection.