jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Study protocol (Original language).

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<div><p>Background</p><p>The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of intravenous palonosetron compared to ondansetron on hypotension induced by spinal anesthesia in women undergoing cesarean section.</p><p>Methods</p><p>Fifty-four women scheduled for elective cesarean section were, randomly allocated to ondansetron group (n = 27) or palonosetron group (n = 27). Ten minutes prior to the administration of spinal anesthesia, participants received an intravenous injection of either ondansetron or palonosetron. A prophylactic phenylephrine infusion was initiated immediately following the intrathecal administration of bupivacaine and fentanyl. The infusion rate was titrated to maintain adequate blood pressure until the time of fetal delivery. The primary outcome was total dose of phenylephrine administered. The secondary outcomes were nausea or vomiting, the need for rescue antiemetics, hypotension, bradycardia, and shivering. Complete response rate, defined as the absence of postoperative nausea and vomiting and no need for additional antiemetics, were assessed for up to 24 hours post-surgery.</p><p>Results</p><p>No significant differences were observed in the total dose of phenylephrine used between the ondansetron and palonosetron groups (387.5 μg [interquartile range, 291.3–507.8 μg versus 428.0 μg [interquartile range, 305.0–507.0 μg], <i>P =</i> 0.42). Complete response rates also showed no significant differences between the groups both within two hours post-spinal anesthesia (88.9% in the ondansetron group versus 100% in the palonosetron group; <i>P =</i> 0.24) and at 24 hours post-surgery (81.5% in the ondansetron group versus 88.8% in the palonosetron group; <i>P =</i> 0.7). In addition, there was no difference in other secondary outcomes.</p><p>Conclusion</p><p>Prophylactic administration of palonosetron did not demonstrate a superior effect over ondansetron in mitigating hemodynamic changes or reducing phenylephrine requirements in patients undergoing spinal anesthesia with bupivacaine and fentanyl for cesarean section.</p></div>
Strengthening the EU’s Response Capacity to Health Emergencies: Insights from EU Crisis Management Mechanisms

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

What could a European Union (EU) response mechanism to health emergencies look like in the context of a more integrated Health Union? Despite an increased EU role in the preparedness, monitoring and coordination of health emergencies over the past two decades, Member States’ responses to the first wave of COVID-19 were surprisingly uncoordinated. In light of calls to improve cooperation regarding future health emergencies, this article discusses the creation of EU surveillance, preparedness and response mechanisms for health emergencies. Using insights from previous research and secondary literature, we highlight gaps in the existing serious cross-border health threats regulatory framework and discuss opportunities for further EU action. Based on a comparison with other EU crisis management mechanisms (the Banking Union, risk preparedness in the electricity sector and food safety), we discuss different crisis decision-making and coordination models and their potential applicability to the health sector. We then formulate several propositions to strengthen Decision 1082/2013/EU on serious cross-border health threats to streamline ex ante pandemic preparedness and organise emergency responses.
Gallotta, G.M. 2019. “Clash of civilizations and interregionalism: rise and fall (and a new dawn?) of two theoretical approaches”. Open Journal of Humanities 2: 3-25.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The article starts from an analysis of S.P. Huntington’s theory of the clash of civilizations and puts in evidence one of its critical points, i.e. the fact that Huntington does not pay any attention to the development by the EU of a particular kind of actorness through the promotion of interregionalism worldwide. Tracing the history of the different phases of success and decline of both theories, the article attempts to test their persistent explanatory and analytical capacity in relation to current developments in the international arena as well as in the academic context.
A perspective on the first and subsequent outbreaks (2020-2022) of African swine fever in India and its impact on agriculture and environment

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

The first report of African Swine Fever (ASF) was confirmed in India in April 2020, making it the second cross-border disease in India after SARS-CoV-2 induced COVID-19. The northeastern states of India – Assam and Arunachal Pradesh confirmed the first case of ASF in the last week of April 2020. Subsequently, almost all northeastern states of India reported ASF outbreaks successively by April 2021. The ASF outbreaks in 2022 were reported from northern, eastern and southern parts of India which include Uttarakhand, Bihar, Uttar Pradesh and Kerala. Such outbreaks not only severely threaten economy and livelihood of people involved in pig farming, but also have severe environmental consequences ranging from contamination of natural water bodies to the extinction of threatened species. In this COVID-19 pandemic, concerns arising due to ASF on the farming economy and environment, in the Indian context, have largely remained ignored. This paper attempts to address agricultural and environmental issues, and further risks, developing due to the first and subsequent outbreaks of ASF in India.
Improving Diffusion Inverse Problem Solving with Decoupled Noise Annealing

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Diffusion models have recently achieved success in solving Bayesian inverse problems with learned data priors. Current methods build on top of the diffusion sampling process, where each denoising step makes small modifications to samples from the previous step. However, this process struggles to correct errors from earlier sampling steps, leading to worse performance in complicated nonlinear inverse problems, such as phase retrieval. To address this challenge, we propose a new method called Decoupled Annealing Posterior Sampling (DAPS) that relies on a novel noise annealing process. Specifically, we decouple consecutive steps in a diffusion sampling trajectory, allowing them to vary considerably from one another while ensuring their time-marginals anneal to the true posterior as we reduce noise levels. This approach enables the exploration of a larger solution space, improving the success rate for accurate reconstructions. We demonstrate that DAPS significantly improves sample quality and stability across multiple image restoration tasks, particularly in complicated nonlinear inverse problems.
Genetic and Functional Analysis of the Styrene Catabolic Cluster of Pseudomonas sp. Strain Y2

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT The chromosomal region of Pseudomonas sp. strain Y2 involved in the conversion of styrene to phenylacetate (upper catabolic pathway) has been cloned and sequenced. Four catabolic genes, styABCD , and two regulatory genes, stySR , were identified. This gene cluster when transferred to Escherichia coli W confers to this phenylacetate-degrading host the ability to grow on styrene as the sole carbon and energy source. Genes styABCD are homologous to those encoding the styrene upper catabolic pathway in Pseudomonas fluorescens ST. Northern blot analyses have confirmed that genes styABCD constitute a transcription unit. The transcription start site of the sty operon was mapped 33 nucleotides upstream of the styA translational start codon. The styS and styR genes, which form an independent transcriptional unit, are located upstream of the styABCD operon, and their gene products show high similarity to members of the superfamily of two-component signal transduction systems. The styS gene product is homologous to histidine kinase proteins, whereas the styR gene product exhibits similarity at its N-terminal domain with cluster 1 of receiver modules and at its C terminus with the LuxR/FixJ family 3 of DNA-binding domains. Expression of the catabolic operon decreased significantly in the absence of the stySR genes and was restored when the stySR genes were provided in trans in the presence of styrene, suggesting that the stySR system behaves as a styrene-inducible positive regulator of the styABCD operon. Finally, a gene encoding a phenylacetyl-coenzyme A ligase that catalyzes the first step in the phenylacetate catabolism (styrene lower catabolic pathway) has been identified upstream of the styS gene. This activity was found to be induced in Pseudomonas sp. strain Y2 cells grown on styrene but not present in cells grown on glycerol. These results strongly suggest that the genes responsible for the complete mineralization of styrene are clustered in the chromosome of Pseudomonas sp. strain Y2.
Urban Analysis for the XXI Century: Using Pervasive Infrastructures for Modeling Urban Dynamics

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

how cell phone networks could help in the future to modeling urban infrastructures With the increasing capabilities of mobile devices, individuals leave behind footprints of their interaction with the urban environment. As a result, new research areas, such as urban computing and smart cities, focus on improving the quality of life in an urban environment by understanding city dynamics. Traditionally, urban analysis has used data obtained from surveys. However, new data sources (including GPS, Wi-Fi hotspots, geo-tagged social networks, etc.) are becoming more relevant as traditional techniques face important limitations, mainly: (1) the complexity and cost of capturing survey data; (2) the fact that the data is static and represents a snapshot of the situation in a specific moment in time and (3) the increasing unwillingness of individuals to provide (what they perceived to be) personal information. One of the main new data sources relevant for the study of urban environments are cell phone records, as they contain a wide range of human dynamics information (ranging from mobility, to social context and social networks) that can be used to characterize individuals or
Assessing the Need for a Structured Nutrition Curriculum in a Primary Care Residency Program

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: Given the epidemic of diet-related illnesses, medical training regarding nutrition counseling is not fully known. Historically, there is a lack of formalized nutrition training in both medical school and residency programs.Objective: This study surveyed a group of family medicine residents to elicit previous nutrition education and outlook on nutrition counseling. A measure of resident attitudes toward nutrition education and comfort with relaying nutrition education to patients was conducted.Design: A validated, self-administered questionnaire was administered. The survey was composed of 32 questions with yes/no or Likert scale response.Participants and setting: Participants were 30 family medicine residents in the final quarter of their individual postgraduate year of training (PGY1-3). A total of 23 residents electively responded.Results: The majority surveyed conveyed nutrition education in routine care is important in a physician-patient relationship. Except in diabetes, the overwhelming majority reported they were not adequately trained to give nutrition education in specific disease states. The group was not familiar with types of diets, the role of fatty acids, or the impact of specific vitamins on health.Conclusions: The data from this survey indicate a need for formalized nutrition education in primary care training. From the survey data results, the next steps include building a nutrition curriculum to be implemented in the residency program and potentially set a standard for nutrition education in the North Carolina region and beyond.
7-Methoxytacrine-Adamantylamine Heterodimers as Cholinesterase Inhibitors in Alzheimer’s Disease Treatment — Synthesis, Biological Evaluation and Molecular Modeling Studies

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

A structural series of 7-MEOTA-adamantylamine thioureas was designed, synthesized and evaluated as inhibitors of human acetylcholinesterase (hAChE) and human butyrylcholinesterase (hBChE). The compounds were prepared based on the multi-target-directed ligand strategy with different linker lengths (n = 2–8) joining the well-known NMDA antagonist adamantine and the hAChE inhibitor 7-methoxytacrine (7-MEOTA). Based on in silico studies, these inhibitors proved dual binding site character capable of simultaneous interaction with the peripheral anionic site (PAS) of hAChE and the catalytic active site (CAS). Clearly, these structural derivatives exhibited very good inhibitory activity towards hBChE resulting in more selective inhibitors of this enzyme. The most potent cholinesterase inhibitor was found to be thiourea analogue 14 (with an IC50 value of 0.47 µM for hAChE and an IC50 value of 0.11 µM for hBChE, respectively). Molecule 14 is a suitable novel lead compound for further evaluation proving that the strategy of dual binding site inhibitors might be a promising direction for development of novel AD drugs.
Applying an Integrated Model to the Evaluation of Travel Demand Management Policies in the Sacramento Region

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Key Words 19. Security Classif. (of this report) 20. Security Classif. (of this page) 21. No. of Pages 22. Price 18. Distribution Statement 14. Sponsoring Agency Code 13. Type of Report and Period Covered 11. Contract or Grant No. 10. Work Unit No. 8. Performing Organization Report No. 6. Performing Organization Code 5. Report Date 3. Recipient&apos;s Catalog No. 2. Government Accession No. Mineta Transportation Institute College of Business, San Jos State University San Jose, CA 95192-0219 California Department of Transportation Sacramento, CA 95819 U.S. Department of Transportation Research and Special Programs Administration 400 7th Street, SW Washington, DC 20590-0001 No restrictions. This document is available to the public through the National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA 22161 Unclassified Unclassified Final Report Technical Report Documentation Page Form DOT F 1700.7 (8-72) FHWA/CA/RM-2000/07 Applying an Integrated Model to the Evaluation of Travel Demand Management Policies in the Sacramento Region Robert A. Johnston, Caroline J. Rodier, John E. Abraham, John Douglas Hunt, Griffith J. Tonkin This research project was financially sponsored by the U.S. Department of Transportation&apos;s Research and Special Programs Administration and by the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans). The Mineta Transportation Institute at San Jos State University conducted this study to review the issues and implications involved in the project in question. The primary objective of this study was to use an advanced integrated land use and transportation model to evaluate transit and supportive land use and pricing policies; the Sacramento MEPLAN model was used to simulate these policies. The model represents the effect o...
Expression of ICAM-1 (CD54) on normal and leukaemic B cells: implication for the mixed lymphocyte reaction

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

SUMMARY Peripheral blood normal B lymphocytes were found to be poor stimulators in the mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR), in contrast to normal activated B cells which were strong stimulators. This increased capacity to stimulate a strong MLR correlated with an increased expression of the ICAM-1 (CD54) molecule on the surface of these cells. Similarly, the capacity of leukaemic B cells to induce an allogenic stimulation in the MLR was limited to the ICAM-1 (CD54) positive leukaemic cells. The ability of normal activated or leukaemic B cells to induce an M LR was blocked by antibodies directed against ICAM-1.
Regeneration of the perineurium across a surgically induced gap in a nerve encased in a plastic tube.

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Sciatic nerves of mice were cut and the early regenerative stages were studied after the stumps had been encased within plastic tubes and kept separate by a gap of 5 mm. Only isolated cells were seen inside the tube after 7 days; after 12 days active regeneration and myelination were seen proximally; more distally, cells with long processes formed large spaces filled with collagen and less numerous Schwann cells. Zonulae occludentes and segments of basal lamina became more evident at a later stage. One month after the operation an almost complete regeneration of the nerve had taken place and perineurial cells were lined by a continuous basal lamina. The regeneration of the perineurium seemed to take place from fibroblasts; their cytoplasm as well as that of Schwann cells contained fibrillary material at this stage, sometimes in relation to segments of basal lamina. The results of this study indicate that both types of cells take part in the formation of endoneurial structures and that the early arrangement of fibroblasts contributes to the orderly longitudinal alignment of collagen fibrils.
Sleep spindle detection using time-frequency sparsity

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper proposes an EEG processor for sleep spindle detection algorithms. It non-linearly separates the raw EEG signal into non-oscillatory transient and sustained rhythmic oscillation components using long and short windows for the short-time Fourier transform. The processor utilizes the fact that sleep spindles can be sparsely represented via the inverse of a short-time Fourier transform. Five sleep spindle detectors were tested on the EEG database with and without the proposed EEG processor. We achieved an improvement of 13.3% in the by-sample F 1 score, and 13.9% in the by-sample Matthews Correlation Coefficient score of these algorithms when the processed EEG was used for spindle detection. The processor was able to improve the scores by reducing the number of false positive spindles and increasing the number of true positive spindles detected.
Structural and stoichiometric change in nitrided HfO2 grown on Ge(100) by atomic layer deposition

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The electronic structure and stoichiometric characteristics of postnitrided HfO2 grown on Ge(100) were investigated by various physical measurements. N incorporation in HfO2 grown on Ge was strongly related to the diffusion of Ge from Ge substrate into the film by the postannealing treatment in an NH3 ambient. The diffusion of Ge into the HfO2 film was influenced by the formation of GeOx and GeOxNy in the interfacial region. The small amount of N was incorporated into the film at a nitrided temperature of 600°C, while much larger amounts of N atoms were incorporated into the interfacial layer to form GeON at a temperature of 700°C, resulting in the suppression of the diffusion of Ge into the film. However, the interfacial nitrided layer was not stably maintained during the postnitridation anneal, resulting in an enhanced interdiffusion of Ge and Hf into the film.
Qualifying Method-Centered Teaching Approaches through the Reflective Teaching Model for Reading Comprehension

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to qualify method-centered teaching approaches by investigating the effects of the reflective teaching model for reading comprehension (RTMRC) on ninth-grade students’ English reading comprehension achievement in Myanmar. Three kinds of method-centered teaching approaches, namely reciprocal teaching, interactive teaching, and questioning, were qualified, compared, and examined while using the RTMRC. A quasi-experimental research design was used. The participants included 458 ninth-grade students, five English teachers, and 10 peer observers. Pre- and post-tests, a student questionnaire, and an observation scheme were used to assess the effectiveness of the RTMRC over 15 weeks. Structural equation modeling, Rasch analysis, analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), effect size (Cohen’s d), and various descriptive statistics revealed that the teachers’ reflections on the instructional context were very effective for student reading comprehension achievement, the students appreciated interactive teaching the most, students’ achievements for the literal, inferential, and evaluative comprehension questions were the highest, and the RTMRC was more effective than other traditional teaching methods. In essence, the RTMRC can assist English language teachers in improving their students’ reading comprehension.
The decline in the Federal contribution to the growth in community expenditures

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Presents the monthly estimates of the Federal Government in the USA from 1932‐1937. States that in 1937 the contribution has declined below the levels of the other recent years, reflecting in part a decrease in expenditures but more largely an increase in tax receipts. Investigates how the contribution was measured and its significance. Examines the significance of the 1937 decline in contribution and proposes that there may be a decrement to buying power in the first half of 1938.
Evaluation of rice, maize, and 56 ricefield weeds as hosts of the planthopper Peregrinus maidis (Ashmead)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This article 'Evaluation of rice, maize, and 56 ricefield weeds as hosts of the planthopper Peregrinus maidis (Ashmead)' appeared in the International Rice Research Notes series, created by the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) to expedite communication among scientists concerned with the development of improved technology for rice and rice-based systems. The series is a mechanism to help scientists keep each other informed of current rice research findings. The concise scientific notes are meant to encourage rice scientists to communicate with one another to obtain details on the research reported.
Misidentification of the Bray-Curtis similarity index

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

MEPS Marine Ecology Progress Series Contact the journal Facebook Twitter RSS Mailing List Subscribe to our mailing list via Mailchimp HomeLatest VolumeAbout the JournalEditorsTheme Sections MEPS 368:309-310 (2008) - DOI: https://doi.org/10.3354/meps07728 AS I SEE IT Misidentification of the Bray-Curtis similarity index Paul M. Yoshioka* Department of Marine Sciences, University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez, PO Box 9013, Mayagüez, Puerto Rico 00681, USA *Email: p_yoshioka@cima.uprm.edu ABSTRACT: The Bray-Curtis (BC) similarity index is misidentified in various software programs, and the index used by these programs is more appropriately credited to Czekanowski (Cz). The BC and Cz indices differ because abundant species have the greatest impact on the Cz index, while all species (and samples) 'count the same' in the BC index, due to a double standardization of the dataset. To illustrate the difference between these indices, I analyzed the example dataset in the PRIMER manual. In one instance, similarity values differ by 40% (21 vs. 61%). These discrepancies must be considered in comparisons between analyses conducted with software programs that use the true BC index, and programs that use the Cz index but mislabel it as 'BC'. KEY WORDS: Bray-Curtis index · Czekanowski index · Similarity index · Percent similarity Full text in pdf format See Comment and Reply Comment on this article PreviousCite this article as: Yoshioka PM (2008) Misidentification of the Bray-Curtis similarity index. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 368:309-310. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps07728 Export citation RSS - Facebook - Tweet - linkedIn Cited by Published in MEPS Vol. 368. Online publication date: September 25, 2008 Print ISSN: 0171-8630; Online ISSN: 1616-1599 Copyright © 2008 Inter-Research.