jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Expression of surrogate light chain in common variable immunodeficiency.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

VpreB and lambda-like genes encode proteins that can associate to form a light-chain-like structure, the surrogate light chain (SLC). VpreB and lambda-like genes are selectively expressed in human progenitor B and precursor B (pre-B) cells. We analyzed the expression of VpreB and lambda-like genes in seven patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVI). Gene expression was examined in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) using the polymerase chain reaction. In four CVI patients, two of whom were brothers, the expression of the VpreB gene was detectable in the PBMCs. In the brothers with CVI, the expression of the VpreB gene was also examined in bone marrow cells, where it was found to be expressed in trace amounts. A number of the brothers' bone marrow cells were stained with mu and kappa antibodies using the avidin-biotin complex method. In lambda 5-gene-deleted mice, B cell development in the bone marrow is blocked at the pre-B stage, but the blockade is leaky. We suggest that expression of the SLC is weak in patients with CVI compared with their normal counterparts, and this may be one of the underlying mechanisms of CVI.
Approach- and Withdrawal-Oriented Responses to Social Rejection: The Role of Asymmetrical Frontal Cortical Activity

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Ostracism arouses negative affect. However, little is known about variables that \ninfluence the intensity of these negative affective responses. Two studies seek to fill this \nvoid by incorporating work on approach- and withdrawal-related emotional states and \ntheir associated cortical activations. Study 1 found that following ostracism, anger \nrelated directly to relative left frontal cortical activation. Study 2 used unilateral hand \ncontractions to manipulate frontal cortical activity prior to an ostracizing event. Righthand \ncontractions, compared to left-hand contractions, caused greater relative left frontal \ncortical activation during the hand contractions as well as during ostracism. Also, righthand \ncontractions caused more self-reported anger in response to being ostracized. \nWithin-condition correlations revealed patterns of associations between ostracisminduced \nfrontal asymmetry and emotive responses to ostracism consistent with Study 1. \nTaken together, these results suggest that asymmetrical frontal cortical activity affects \nangry responses to ostracism, with greater relative left frontal cortical activity being \nassociated with increased anger.
Judicial decision-making in the era of pretrial reform

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Decisions at the pretrial stage have been shown to affect later case processing decisions, increasing the risk of incarceration to prison and resulting in longer sentences. Traditionally, pretrial decisions relied heavily on judicial discretion. Pretrial reforms have increasingly diverted and diversified the decision-making process. In light of these changes, this article synthesizes prior research on judicial decision-making and examines how judicial decision-making has been influenced by reform efforts. We examine the role of legal variables, defendant characteristics, psychological variables, and organizational influences on judicial decision-making in the absence of reforms. We then discuss how pretrial reform efforts have sought to curtail judicial discretion in pretrial decision-making through various mechanisms. Finally, this article considers the implications of this evolution in pretrial decision-making for future research, policy, and practice.
Research on indoor and outdoor positioning switching algorithm based on improved PSO-BP

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Aiming at the problems of poor positioning accuracy in the indoor and outdoor junction areas and the loss of positioning signals and discontinuous positioning results during the transition from the indoor area to the outdoor area, this paper proposes a machine learning method to solve the positioning problem in the indoor and outdoor junction areas and the switching problem of positioning methods. An indoor and outdoor positioning switching algorithm based on Particle Swarm Optimization-Back Propagation (PSO-BP) and BP neural network is designed. Through this algorithm, the position of the positioning tag can be judged independently and the coordinates of the positioning tag in the indoor and outdoor junction area can be predicted independently. The experimental results show that the accuracy of positioning area judgment based on PSO-BP neural network can reach 99.91%. The indoor and outdoor boundary area coordinates obtained by BP neural network prediction method are lower than the root mean square error of ultra wide band indoor positioning method and BDS positioning method. The algorithm model proposed in this paper effectively improves the positioning problem of the indoor and outdoor junction area and the positioning problem of the transition from the indoor area to the outdoor area, improves the positioning accuracy and positioning stability of the indoor and outdoor junction area, reduces the positioning cost, and has strong practicability.
Health and Disability Insurance:

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Disability insurance-the insurance against the loss of the ability to work-is a substantial part of social security expenditures in many countries.The benefit recipiency rates in disability insurance vary strikingly across European countries and the US.This paper investigates the extent of, and the causes for, this variation, using econometric analyses based on new data from SHARE, ELSA and HRS.We show that even after controlling for differences in the demographic structure and health status these differences remain.This holds for a broad set of objective and subjective physical and mental health measures as well as for contemporal, intertemporal and life-course specifications of health, including measures of childhood health.In turn, indicators of disability insurance generosity explain 75% of the cross-national variation.We conclude that it is not health but the country-specific design of early retirement and labor market insitutions, and especially disability insurance rules, which explain the observed cross-country variation in the receipt of disability benefits.
A Method to Handle the Missing Values in Multi-Criteria Sorting Problems Based on Dominance Rough Sets

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The handling of missing attribute values remains a challenging and problematic issue in data analysis. Imputation techniques are key procedures used to deal with missing attribute values. However, although these methods are widely used, they cause data bias. Rough set theory, a unique mathematical tool for decision making under uncertainty, overcomes this problem by properly adjusting the relationships. Rough sets are often preferred in both classification and sorting problems. The aim of sorting problems is to sort the objects in the decision table (DT) from best to worst and/or to select the best one. For this purpose, it is necessary to obtain a pairwise comparison table (PCT) from the DT. However, in the presence of missing values, the transformation from DT to PCT is not feasible because there are no ranking methods in the literature for sorting problems based on rough sets. To address this limitation, this paper presents a way to transform from DT to PCT and introduces a generalization of the relation belonging to the “do not care” type of missing values in the dominance-based rough set approach (DRSA) to the decision support tool jRank. We also adapted the DomLem algorithm to enable it to work in PCT with missing values. We applied our method step by step to a decision table with 11 objects and investigated the effect of missing values. The experimental results showed that our proposed approach captures the semantics of ‘do not care’ type missing values.
Wasp sting-induced retinal damage.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A 36-year-old man was stung by a wasp OD. He became delirious and had dyspnea, ocular pain, and severely decreased visual acuity OD. A broken stinger was found in the central deep cornea. Additional ocular findings were keratitis, iritis, cataract, secondary glaucoma, and unrecordable electroretinographic responses.
Local News and National Politics

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The level of journalistic resources dedicated to coverage of local politics is in a long-term decline in the US news media, with readership shifting to national outlets. We investigate whether this trend is demand- or supply-driven, exploiting a recent wave of local television station acquisitions by a conglomerate owner. Using extensive data on local news programming and viewership, we find that the ownership change led to (1) substantial increases in coverage of national politics at the expense of local politics, (2) a significant rightward shift in the ideological slant of coverage, and (3) a small decrease in viewership, all relative to the changes at other news programs airing in the same media markets. These results suggest a substantial supply-side role in the trends toward nationalization and polarization of politics news, with negative implications for accountability of local elected officials and mass polarization.
Classification of the Musculocutaneous Nerve Fetuses

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The musculocutaneous nerve is a terminating branch of lateral cord of the brachial plexus and is formed from spinal roots of C5, C6 and C7. The anatomical variations of the musculocutaneous nerve (MCN) are not common, literary reports have described the different course of the MCN in the arm, however very few fetal studies have been conducted on the variations of the MCN. Therefore, the aim of this study was to describe the course of the MCN in fetuses and document variations, if any. In this study, a sample size of twenty-five fetuses were bilaterally dissected (n=50) using a stereomicroscope. The anatomy of the MCN was described using a classification system generated based on the findings of this study. Ethical clearance was obtained from Biomedical Research Ethics Committte (BE385/17). Type I (normal anatomy) of the MCN was found in 42/50 (84 %) of specimens in this study. This study found a few variations, viz. 1/50 (2 %) case of Type II (absent), 1/50 (2 %) Type III (communication between the MCN and MN, from the MN to the MCN), 4/50 (8 %) cases of Type IV (communication from the MCN to the MN) and 2/50 (4 %) cases of Type V (communication from the MCN to the MN, where the MCN does not pierce the coracobrachialis muscle). Therefore, this study provides evidence of variations of the MCN in fetuses that may help surgeons in the interpretation of abnormal innervation patterns in the arm.
RESEARCH ARTICLE Extending the range of an ancient crop, Salvia hispanica L.—a new x3 source

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

developed into a cultivated crop and an important component of Mesoamerican cultures and nutrition. Early Mesoamerican breeders produced lines with well developed agronomic characteristics including good, uniform seed yield and retention. Seed reten-tion in particular is disadvantageous for survival in the wild. Maize, beans and squash were developed into important crops concomitant with chia in Mes-oamerica but unlike these other crops lack of photoperiodic variability in floral induction limited the spread of chia cultivation into North America. There has been renewed interest in chia as an excellent source of x3 fatty acids and dietary fiber for healthy diets. Such highly unsaturated oils also are useful starting materials for many renewable chemicals. Further we find chia grows very well in Midwestern and Eastern USA but flowers too late in the season for seeds to mature before killing frosts. We set out to develop the genetic diversity in floral induction to provide germplasm for production in the US and other temperate areas of the world. We demonstrate that new early flowering lines are able to flower under a photoperiod of 15 h under greenhouse conditions. In field conditions, some selected new lines flowered at a photoperiod of 14 h and 41 min during the 2009 growing season in Kentucky and can produce seeds in a range of environments in temper-ate areas.
Salinity trends on the Siberian shelves

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

We present an analysis of observed long‐term (∼100 year) salinity trends on the freshwater‐dominated Siberian continental shelves. A multiple regression was performed in the White Sea (WS), the Kara Sea (KS), the Laptev Sea (LS), and the East Siberian Sea (ESS). Since 1930, the WS has gained freshwater while the ESS has lost it, consistent with river discharge trends over this period. Over the past 20 years, increases in both river discharge and direct precipitation can explain observed salinity decreases in the WS, but not in the KS. Salinity trends in the LS and ESS indicate that ocean circulation plays a dominate role in these areas, where in recent years freshwater has been diverted eastward along the coast, rather than northward toward the deep ocean.
Application of Internet of Things Technology for Monitoring Closed House Farm Environment

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Eggs consumption in East Java in 2022 will be 2.33 kilograms per week with an estimated egg weight of 50 grams per egg. Chicken egg production in the East Java region in 2022 is around 1,314.11 thousand tons, while consumption number is 292.22 thousand tons. Eggs production can be fulfilled supported by a good layer poultry farm system. One model of layer poultry farm that is used is the Closed House farm type. In this system, layer poultry farm requires real-time monitoring to maintain the temperature and humidity conditions of the layer poultry farm properly. The implementation of this monitoring system can help the poulterer or the owners to maintain the temperature and humidity conditions of the cage in real-time using an Android-based application.
On the Genus Actinometra, Müll., with a morphological account of a new Species (A. polymorpha) from the Philippine Islands.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Journal Article On the Genus Actinometra, Müll., with a morphological account of a new Species (A. polymorpha) from the Philippine Islands. Get access P. Herbert Carpenter, B.A., Biological Master P. Herbert Carpenter, B.A., Biological Master 1Eton College. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, Volume 13, Issue 71, September 1877, Pages 440–457, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1877.tb00176.x Published: 23 December 2008
The Sunbelt as Mission Territory

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Because of population shifts to Sunbelt States, the United Church of Christ's Board of Homeland Ministries is “looking at the hard facts of demography” and giving major emphasis to starting new churches in southern and southwestern states, says board official Howard E. Spragg. The program has been dubbed the “Southern Rim Strategy.” —News item in The Christian Century, February 22, 1978, p. 183.
Teaching with Technology

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Technology can be a powerful teaching tool. Join our new faculty lunch and learn to hear the 2022 Paul Cronan Technology Teaching Excellence Award winners talk about their ideas for maximizing technology usage in the classroom. Stephen Caldwell will talk about "Magic in Their Pockets: Embracing the Smartphone in Your Classroom." For years, teachers at all levels railed against phones. Turn them off! Put them away! Those days are past, and our students' technology extends beyond their phone. "Phone away? Fine with me! I get all my notifications through my watch now!" With smartphones now linked to watches, tablets and laptops, trying to prevent students from interacting with their devices is a battle lost before it begins. So, if they are going to have all these screens in front of them anyway, why not put them to good use? This chat will explore a few ways we can embrace students' smartphones for the common good. David Fredrick will talk about "Outer Wilder: Leveraging the Elemental Tetrad of Game Design." In The Art of Game Design: A Book of Lenses, the game designer Jesse Schell defines a game as "a problem-solving activity approached with a playful attitude." This provides a pointed contrast with higher education, which often seems like a problem-solving activity approached with a stressful, or even painful, attitude. This presentation will focus on the elemental tetrad, the four elements of a game that must be in balance for the game to be successful: aesthetics, story, interaction design and technology. We will explore how the balance of these elements (and a playful attitude) can improve the problem-solving experience that is essential to learning.
Perceived Organizational Climate and Performance Motivation of Swimming Coaches by Gender, Experience and Sports Performances

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The aim of our study is to investigate swimming coaches' performance motivation and perceived organizational climate by gender, experience and registered sport performance. The research involved 30 swimming coaches aged between 18 and 55 years, 15 male and 15 female, from several state and private sports clubs in Bucharest. In order to investigate swimming coaches' perceptions of organizational climate the ECO system was used (3 dimensions were studied: Leadership, Evaluation and Identification). The coaches' performance motivation was assessed through the Performance Motivation Questionnaire. The statistical analysis of the results revealed that male coaches are more motivated by their self-respect as a person, as an outcome of their sporting performance, and have a greater need for high salary. For swimming coaches having between 5 and 10 years of experience is more important (by comparison with others) that the work is stimulating, interesting, they are motivated to achieve outstanding performances by acquiring a high status in society, and they identify most with the sports organization they work in; coaches with less than 5 years of experience are more satisfied with the leadership style of managers, compared to more experienced coaches which are more dissatisfied with the way evaluation is carried out in the sports organizations. The study findings can be useful to develop recommendations for swimming coaches and other specialists involved in sport performance training.
Pairing a visual stimulus with VTA micro-stimulation changes the response properties of posterior inferior temporal cortical neurons

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Training can increase the performance in visual detection and discrimination tasks, a phenomenon of adult plasticity known as visual perceptual learning (VPL). Neural correlates of adult VPL include changes in the selectivity of neurons in visual areas. It is hypothesized that this plasticity is gated by reward signals, even in the absence of attention to the stimuli. Thus, mere pairing of reward with a stimulus can be sufficient to increase the representation of the paired stimulus. Indeed, previous fMRI studies in macaques in which electrical micro-stimulation of the ventral tegmental area (VTA-EM) was paired with a weak visual stimulus showed increased activations in posterior inferior temporal (PIT) cortex for the VTA-EM-paired stimulus (Arsenault & Vanduffel, Nature Communications, 2019). Here, we examined changes in neural responses and selectivity by recording spiking activity in PIT after pairing a grating orientation with VTA-EM. Two monkeys performed an orthogonal color discrimination task, while a low visibility grating was paired with VTA-EM. After 15-20 VTA-EM sessions, daily VTA-EM was followed by multi-unit activity (MUA) recordings in PIT during a fixation task presenting high visibility gratings of different orientations and a color discrimination task presenting low visibility gratings. The experiment was repeated with VTA-EM pairing of the orientation perpendicular to the paired orientation of the initial experiment. We observed that the relative proportion of units with a preference for the VTA-EM-paired orientation increased compared to the orthogonal orientation. A relative increase in mean spike rate was observed for the VTA-EM-paired orientation, as well. Significant effects of pairing were present for response variability (Fano factor) and noise correlations, but inconsistent over subjects, suggesting that the response changes did not result from attentional modulation. In conclusion, pairing VTA-EM with a low visibility grating stimulus while performing an orthogonal task induces changes in orientation preference of PIT neurons.
Employee Perceptions of Privacy and Data Control in Workplace Wellness e- Health Programs

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

<p>The adoption of IoT technology to improve wellness and health awareness in workplace environments is increasingly vital. However, the acceptance of such e-health interventions largely depends on employees' perceptions of their value versus the privacy and security risks associated with data usage. Hence, addressing these concerns is paramount for fostering trust and ensuring the successful integration of technology. For this reason, this work explores the critical role of privacy in the workplace and examines how concepts of data control and ownership can improve the acceptance and effectiveness of IoT solutions. Leveraging insights from an online questionnaire with 524 participants from European countries, the obtained findings contribute to the existing literature by expanding the understanding of data control in workplace contexts and providing valuable insights for designing IoT-mediated e-health interventions that effectively address employees' privacy concerns.</p>