jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Hypoglycemia in Oral Glucose Tolerance Test during Pregnancy and Risk for Type 2 Diabetes—A Five-Year Cohort Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: To evaluate the risk of progression to type 2 diabetes (T2D) following reactive hypoglycemia in 100 g oral glucose tolerance test (oGTT). Methods: A retrospective analysis of parturients with up to 5-year follow-up postpartum. Data were extracted from the computerized laboratory system of Meuhedet, an Israeli HMO and cross-linked with the Israeli National Registry of Diabetes. Included were parturients with no prior diabetesand available oGTT values during pregnancy. Reactive hypoglycemia was defined as glucose levels lower than 60 mg/dL in at least one of 3 post-glucose load values in oGTT. The cohort was divided into 3 groups: normal glucose status, reactive hypoglycemia, and GDM. Maternal characteristics, laboratory data, and progression to T2D over 5 years were compared. Univariate and survival analyses assessed the adjusted hazard ratio for T2D, stratified by obesity Results: Among 14,122 parturients, 16.8% had reactive hypoglycemia, 71% had normal glucose status, and 12.2% had GDM. Adjusted for age, obesity, and hypertension, Parturients with reactive hypoglycemia had similar T2D risk compared to normal glucose status and a lower risk compared to GDM patients, regardless of obesity status. Conclusions: Reactive hypoglycemia during oGTT does not increase the risk of progressing to T2D.
Distribution and Disputation: Net Benefits, Equity, and Public Decision-Making

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Abstract As its practitioners know well, benefit-cost analysis (BCA) walks a fine line between the positive and normative, between the science of economics and the art of political economy. Missteps threaten to undermine its credibility as a value-free science, while overcaution risks irrelevance to the pressing questions of the day. As BCA adapts to give more weight to distributional concerns, while operating in a more highly charged political environment than ever before, these tensions will only grow. For perspective, I reexamine three prominent episodes in the history of economics where these issues were vigorously debated: (i) The founding of the NBER by Wesley Clair Mitchell, who insisted that the organization eschew all policy recommendations; (ii) the introduction of the modern definition of economics as the study of tradeoffs by Lionel Robbins, who insisted welfare effects could never be aggregated; and (iii) the origins of BCA as a measure of income, which to first-generation practitioners seemed to foreclose the possibility of measuring “intangible” benefits like recreation opportunities, mortality risks, and equity. These episodes, together with critiques of economics from philosophers of science, suggest we are best served by being as transparent as possible about the ways values influence BCA reasoning, without arrogating political decisions into it.
Homogeneous dispersion of organic p-dopants in an organic semiconductor as an origin of high charge generation efficiency

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

We report that an organic p-dopant tri[1,2-bis(trifluoromethyl)ethane-1,2-dithiolene] [Mo(tfd)3] resulted in higher density of holes than inorganic metal oxide dopants of ReO3 or MoO3 in 1,4-bis[N-(1-naphthyl)-N′-phenylamino]-4,4′-diamine even though the metal oxide dopants possess deeper work functions compared to Mo(tfd)3. Higher charge generation efficiency results largely from the homogeneous dispersion of Mo(tfd)3 in the host. In contradistinction, the transmission electron microscopy analysis revealed a formation of metal oxide nanoclusters. This highlights the importance of homogeneous dispersion for an efficient doping.
W poszukiwaniu miary sukcesu kariery artystycznej

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The concept of success is a subjective category, making it a challenging area for research. It was, therefore, intriguing to delve deeper into what artists themselves consider to be a success. This text has been crafted around this issue, presenting a qualitative review of the relevant literature. This includes shifts in responsibility for career management from organisations to individuals and the evolving job market for artists, where there is an increasing move away from traditional employment models towards self-management of careers. Research findings selected by the author have been presented, highlighting the diversity of approaches, challenges, and barriers to self-management as defined by the artists themselves.
Considerations of karyotypic evolution within Vespertilionidae

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) The karyotypes of each 2 species of Nyctalus and Murina are examined. It is assumed that the diploid number of vespertilionid ancestor was 44 with a fundamental number of 50 and that the mechanism of karyotypic evolution within subfamily Vespertilioninae is mainly caused by centric fusion. On the other hand, the karyotypic alteration of subfamily Murininae may be evolved by non-Robertsonian translocation.
Abstract 4146116: Carotid body ablation reduces hypertension following long-term intermittent hypoxia by regulating brainstem glial cell activation

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Introduction: Sleep apnea is an independent risk factor for hypertension. Chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH), a key feature of sleep apnea, is considered the main factor for the development of hypertension, which is attributed to sympathoexcitation. However, novel evidence shows that CIH enhanced CB chemosensory discharges triggering an increase in sympathetic outflow through neuronal activation in the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS). This idea is supported by the fact that CB ablation abolish the hypertension and NTS neuroinflammation after 21 days of CIH even in the presence of CIH. However, whether CB mediate glial cell activation (well-known sentinels involved in brain inflammation) following long-term CIH remains unknown. Hypothesis: Accordingly, we propose that the maintenance of hypertension and glia cell activation within the NTS of mice exposed to long-term CIH, depends on the CB afferent discharge. Methods: We exposed male C57BL6 mice to CIH (5% FiO2, 12 times/h, 8 h/day) for 60 days. At 45 days of CIH, CBs were selectively denervated, and animals were kept in CIH for additional 15 days. At the end of the experiments, we measured arterial blood pressure (MABP), hypoxic ventilatory response (HVR) in awake mice and assessed astrocyte and microglia activity through morphological 3D reconstructions, and IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α gene expression in the NTS with real-time PCR. Results: CIH induces hypertension (MABP 83.5±1.4 vs. 95.0±2.2 mmHg; Sham vs CIH), enhances HVR (1.69±0.2 vs 4.3±0.9 VE/min; Sham vs. CIH), and change astrocytes morphology (N° of branches 13.0±0.7 vs 11.3±0.5; cable length 181.0±8.9 vs 148.1±1.5 pm, Sham vs CIH), and microglia arborization (N° of branches 196.1±8.4 vs 376.3±16.8; cable length 667.4±29.6 vs 1267±60.5 pm, Sham vs CIH). Remarkably, CB denervation (CIHd) normalized the hypertension (MABP 83.5±1.4 mmHg; CIHd), the enhanced HVR (1.63±0.43 VE/min; CIHd), reduced the increased IL-6 (1.2± 0.2 vs 0.4 ± 0.1, CIH vs CIHd), TNF-α (2.0±0.2 vs 1.1±0.2, CIH vs CIHd) but not IL-1β levels (3.0±0.4 CIH vs 2.6±0.5, CIH vs CIHd), and the changes observed in astrocytes (N° of branches 17.2±0.9, cable length 231.0±12.9) and microglia (N° of branches 126.2±13.3; cable length 126.2±1.3 CIHd). Conclusions: Present results suggest that CBs plays a critical role in the maintenance of high blood pressure and contribute to the inflammation in the NTS of mice exposed to long-term CIH. Supported by Fondecyt Grants 1211443 and 1220950.
[Vector control in the epidemics of the Madagascar highlands].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The Plateau, or more precisely the highlands, cover most of the central part of Madagascar with an altitude higher than 1,000 m. There the climate is tropical with a wet and hot season, from October through April coincident with further outbreaks of malaria. This alternates with a dry season from May through September when the temperature is not favorable to the development of the vectors and the extrinsic cycle of the parasite. The malaria is unstable. The short season of transmission is sometimes amplified by abnormally abundant rain or higher than average temperatures. The population can hardly develop self-protection. The epidemics are deadly. The transmission essentially occurs with Anopheles arabiensis, a zoophile species, exophage and occasionally anthropophile and A. funestus anthropophile and endophile. Starting in 1949, a program for fighting malaria was founded on drug prophylaxis and spraying persistent insecticides within the homes. This approach gave spectacular results with a prolonged elimination of the disease, the consequence of which was the establishment of the Zone of Surveillance of the High Plateau (ZSHP). With decreasing efforts of the fight, the transmission progressively resumed starting in 1975 with outbreaks of epidemics. The most deadly outbreak was between 1984 and 1987, marked by an increase of morbidity and mortality. The factors which favored further outbreaks of malaria are listed as follows: 1) a slackening of the surveillance system; 2) the socio-economic context leading to the weakness of the national sanitary system and the inaccessibility of the antimalaria medication for the rural masses; 3) the reappearance of A. funestus, an excellent vector which had been eliminated by the treatments between 1949 and 1960; 4) after the previous elimination, the quasi-total absence of self-protection for the population when subjected to a series of cyclones; 5) movements of nonprotected travellers migrating for agricultural work from the highlands towards the coasts or the slopes which are zones of more stable malaria. Starting in 1988, the Madagascan sanitary authorities, with international and bilateral help, established a strategic approach based on early drug therapy and spraying within the homes with DTT pm 75 at a dose of 2 g/m2. These operations could cover some focalized zones with habitants, numbering 720,000 from 1988 to 1989; 380,000 from 1989 to 1990; 480,000 from 1990 to 1991; and 2,400,000 from 1993 to 1994. The evaluation of the efficacy of these methods in fighting malaria showed spectacular and conclusive results for the epidemiological plan, including less prevalence of the parasite, morbidity and mortality. In addition, there were important impacts on the vectors, including decreases of vector-human contact, residual fauna and longevity.
Hydrogen ion cotransport by the renal brush border glutamate transporter

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Sodium ion dependent glutamate transport into rabbit renal brush border membrane vesicles is stimulated by low external pH and inhibited by low internal pH. Imposition of a pH difference (delta pH) (interior alkaline) across the vesicle membrane drives glutamate accumulation in the absence of other driving forces. This process requires Na+ but is not due to generation of an Na+ gradient in response to delta pH. Internal K+ stimulates both the rate and extent of glutamate accumulation, although K+ is not absolutely required for transport. Internal H+ inhibits the rate of glutamate accumulation by decreasing this K+ stimulation. Conversely, external K+ inhibits glutamate influx, and this inhibition can be overcome by lowering the external pH. These results indicate that H+ is cotransported with glutamate and suggest the possibility that, in the absence of internal K+, H+ can also fulfill the requirement for a countertransported ion.
The Impact of Price Movements on Areas Under Selected Crops in India, 1900-39.

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Journal Article The Impact of Price Movements on Areas Under Selected Crops in India, 1900-39 Get access The Impact of Price Movements on Areas under Selected Crops in India, 1900–39. By D. Narain. (London: Cambridge University Press, 1965. Pp. ix + 234. 45s.) A. K. Bagchi A. K. Bagchi Magdalene College, Cambridge Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Economic Journal, Volume 76, Issue 302, 1 June 1966, Pages 398–400, https://doi.org/10.2307/2229736 Published: 01 June 1966
Developing guidelines on working with interpreters in mental health: opening up an international dialogue?

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

In 2010 the International Association of Migration recorded 214 million people as having migrated across national borders. In 2009, 30.8 million people were recorded as residing in European Union member countries of which they were not citizens. The real numbers are likely to be even higher than those officially recorded, as the Council of Europe estimated that approximately 5.5 million irregular migrants were residing in the EU in 2006. Figures world wide are also likely to be more than those officially recorded. The Office for National Statistics Psychiatric Morbidity Report asserts that one in four people experience some kind of mental health problem in any given year. This suggests that there will be a section of any population who are both experiencing a mental health difficulty and are not fluent in the language of the country in which they are currently resident. In this case, they are likely to require the services of an interpreter to enable them to communicate and receive appropriate care from a clinician. Psychological work that takes place with the mediation of an interpreter has been the focus of clinical interest for some time. The complexities which arise in such work can be compounded by cross cultural differences in communication and understanding of mental health, offering both opportunities and challenges for clinicians, interpreters and patients. As a result of clinical work and research undertaken with in the UK, the authors were asked by the British Psychological Society to write national guidelines for psychologists on working with interpreters in health settings. These are reproduced below (with the permission of the British Psychological Society) in a shortened and updated form. We would welcome the opportunity to open a debate with colleagues in other countries about issues relating to interpreters in health settings and about these guidelines and the principles underlying them.
[Reconstruction after wide resection of the chest wall: application of plates as rigid prosthetic materials].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Wide resection of the chest wall requires reconstruction with rigid prosthetic material to protect the thoracic organs and to avoid flail chest. We tried to use three kinds of plates for chest wall reconstruction in 4 cases: acrylic plate for 1, ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWP) plate for 1 and methyl metacrylic resin (MMR) plate for 2. Marlex mesh was utilized to strengthen the rebuilt chest wall sandwiching rigid prosthesis in UHMWP plate and MMR plate. Except for somewhat local accumulation of serous fluid in two cases of acrylic plate and MMR plate, postoperative courses were uneventful in all cases. Acrylic plate which was used for patient with metastatic sternal tumor was easily damaged by heat. UHMWP plate which was used for patient with large benign sternal tumor was expensive and took a long time to make. On the other hand, MMR plates which were used for two patients with malignant lateral chest wall tumor were easy to handle on the spot and not expensive. MMR plate sandwiched by Marlex mesh seems to be more suitable and available for chest wall reconstruction.
Reduced Body Flexibility Is Associated With Poor Survival in Middle‐Aged Men and Women: A Prospective Cohort Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Objectives Flexibility is recognized as one of the components of physical fitness and commonly included as part of exercise prescriptions for all ages. However, limited data exist regarding the relationship between flexibility and survival. We evaluated the sex‐specific nature and magnitude of the associations between body flexibility and natural and non‐COVID‐19 mortality in a middle‐aged cohort of men and women. Design Prospective cohort study. Methods Anthropometric, health and vital data from 3139 (66% men) individuals aged 46–65 years spanning from March 1994 to October 2022 were available. A body flexibility score, termed Flexindex, was derived from a combination of 20 movements (scored 0–4) involving seven different joints, resulting in a score range of 0–80. Kaplan–Meier survival curves were obtained, and unadjusted and adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for mortality estimated. Results During a mean follow‐up of 12.9 years, 302 individuals (9.6%) comprising 224 men/78 women died. Flexindex was 35% higher in women compared to men (mean ± SD: 41.1 ± 9.4 vs. 30.5 ± 8.7; p < 0.001) and exhibited an inverse relationship with mortality risk in both sexes ( p < 0.001). Following adjustment for age, body mass index, and health status, the HR (95% CI) for mortality comparing upper and bottom of distributions of Flexindex were 1.87 (1.50–2.33; p < 0.001) for men and 4.78 (1.23–31.71; p = 0.047) for women. Conclusions A component of physical fitness—body flexibility—as assessed by the Flexindex is strongly and inversely associated with natural and non‐COVID‐19 mortality risk in middle‐aged men and women. Future studies should assess whether training‐induced flexibility gains are related to longer survival.
Endoscopy International Open – recently published

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Comment on: Efficacy of aggressive hydration with normal saline versus lactated Ringer’s solution for the prevention of post-ERCP pancreatitis in high-risk patients: a randomized controlled trialEndosc Int Open 2022; 10(07): E933-E939DOI: 10.1055/a-1834-6568 Comment on: Epidemiological, clinical and endoscopic characteristics of colorectal neuroendocrine neoplasms: a population-based study in the NetherlandsEndosc Int Open 2022; 10(07): E940-E951DOI: 10.1055/a-1793-9057 Comment on: Integration of robotic in the reprocessing and transfer of endoscopesEndosc Int Open 2022; 10(08): E1022-E1028DOI: 10.1055/a-1789-0532
Translation quality control is critical for bacterial responses to amino acid stress

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Significance Recent studies showing that both high-accuracy protein synthesis and low-accuracy protein synthesis are critical for cellular growth and survival under different growth conditions suggest that the translation quality-control machinery may function in cellular processes other than protein synthesis. We explored this possibility and found that inhibition of misacylated-tRNA quality control suppressed the synthesis of the starvation-inducible second messenger guanosine tetraphosphate and limited the induction of stringent response-dependent gene expression. These findings show that translation quality control is a single checkpoint for both accurate protein synthesis and transcriptional responses to stress.
Additional file 1 of Survival outcome among patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest who received cardiopulmonary resuscitation in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Additional file 1: Table S1. Definition of survival outcomes. Table S2. Detailed individual study characteristics. Figure S1. The quality of included studies. Figure S2. Forest plot of the odds ratio of ROSC rate with bystander CPR vs. without bystander CPR. Figure S3. Forest plot of the odds ratio of ROSC rate in start CPR time within 5 minutes vs. more than 5 minutes. Figure S4. Forest plot of the odds ratio of ROSC rate with defibrillation vs. without defibrillation. Figure S5. Forest plot of the odds ratio of ROSC rate with advanced airway (AA) vs. without advanced airway. Figure S6 Funnel plot of ROSC rate, survival to admission rate and survival to discharge rate ROSC rate (A), survival to admission rate (B), and survival to discharge rate (C).
Supplementary Strategies for Organizational Resilience in the Times of Crises : A Literature Review

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This literature review explores complementary strategies for enhancing organizational resilience during crises. The study examines how innovation, dynamic capabilities, internal competencies, external support, and crisis-derived opportunities interact with resilience to help businesses survive and thrive in uncertain times. Through analysis of 26 Scopus-indexed articles from 1998 to 2024, the paper proposes an integrated model positioning organizational resilience as the core element, supported by innovation and dynamic capabilities as key enablers. Internal capabilities like networking and adaptability, along with external factors such as government support and digitalization, further reinforce resilience. Additionally, the study highlights how crises, despite their challenges, can drive positive transformation and growth when approached strategically. The proposed model suggests that maximizing these complementary elements collectively strengthens an organization's capacity to weather crises and emerge stronger. While providing valuable insights, the paper acknowledges limitations in its literature-based approach and calls for empirical testing across diverse contexts. This research contributes to a more holistic understanding of organizational resilience, offering a framework for businesses to develop comprehensive strategies for navigating crises and capitalizing on emergent opportunities.
Report on the Capability Assessment and Improvement Workshop (CAIW) at iPres 2013

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

While Digital Preservation is making progress in terms of tool development, progressive establishment of standards and increasing activity in user communities, there is a lack of approaches to systematically assessing, comparing and improving how organizations go about achieving their preservation goals. This currently presents a challenge to many organizations for whom digital stewardship is a concern and reveals a substantial gap between theory and practice. To provide an interactive, focused venue for those interested in systematic approaches for assessment and improvement, we organized the first Capability Assessment and Improvement Workshop (CAIW) in Lisbon, on September 5, 2013, as part of the 10th International Conference on Digital Preservation (iPres 2013). This article provides a report on the issues discussed and attempts to synthesize the main conclusions with the intention of stimulating further discussion in the community on this topic.