jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Physiological properties of fresh‐cut watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) in response to 1‐methylcyclopropene and post‐processing calcium application

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Seedless watermelon ( Citrullus lanatus Thunb. Mansfeld, cv. Millionaire) fruit were exposed to 10 µL L −1 1‐methylcyclopropene (1‐MCP) or air for 18 h. Afterward, the fruit were processed into placental‐tissue pieces, treated with calcium dips (20 g kg −1 CaCl 2 ) or deionized water, and stored in vented containers for 7 days at 10 °C. At intervals during storage, fresh‐cut placental tissue was monitored for respiration, ethylene production, firmness, electrolyte leakage, total soluble solids, titratable acidity and microbial growth. Ethylene production was below detection in fresh‐cut placental tissue, consistent with the low ethylene production in intact watermelon fruit. Respiration rates were significantly enhanced in response to tissue processing, and continued to increase throughout the 7 days of storage. Tissue derived from 1‐MCP‐treated fruit showed enhanced 1‐aminocyclopropane‐1‐carboxylate synthase (ACS, EC 4.4.1.14) activity, suppressed respiratory rates and undetectable levels of 1‐aminocyclopropane‐1‐carboxylate oxidase (ACO) activity during storage. Post‐processing calcium dips (CaCl 2 ) had little influence on ACS activity relative to tissue not receiving calcium, but significantly enhanced ACO activity and maintained firmness of fresh‐cut tissue throughout storage. The data collectively support the conclusion that 1‐methylcyclopropene treatment of intact watermelon fruit is alone unlikely to benefit the storage duration of fresh‐cut watermelon. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Bubble generation and dispersion in the surf zone

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

A combination of horizontal Doppler imaging, underwater microphotography, and in situ acoustical measurements are used to examine wave propagation, wave breaking, bubble cloud formation, and dispersion in the surf zone near Scripps Pier. Wave breaking is interpreted in terms of the evolution in wave properties between the end of the pier and a sensor tripod mounted in the surf zone. The position of the breaking zone is tracked from sharp discontinuities in the horizontal imaging sonar. Bubble size distribution is measured both photographically and with an acoustical resonator. From time to time the imaging Doppler sonar shows bubble clouds moving offshore from the surf. The observations provide a framework for model analysis of bubble generation, advection, and dispersion in the surf zone.
In situ investigations into mining-induced overburden failures in close multiple-seam longwall mining: A case study

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Preventing water seepage and inrush into mines where close multiple-seam longwall mining is practiced is a challenging issue in the coal-rich Ordos region, China. To better protect surface (or ground) water and safely extract coal from seams beneath an aquifer, it is necessary to determine the height of the mining-induced fractured zone in the overburden strata. In situ investigations were carried out in panels 20107 (seam No. $2-2^{upper}$) and 20307 (seam No. $2-2^{middle}$) in the Gaojialiang colliery, Shendong Coalfield, China. Longwall mining-induced strata movement and overburden failure were monitored in boreholes using digital panoramic imaging and a deep hole multi-position extensometer. Our results indicate that after mining of the 20107 working face, the overburden of the failure zone can be divided into seven rock groups. The first group lies above the immediate roof (12.9 m above the top of the coal seam), and falls into the gob after the mining. The strata of the second group to the fifth group form the fractured zone (12.9-102.04 m above the coal seam) and the continuous deformation zone extends from the fifth group to the ground surface. After mining Panel 20307, a gap forms between the fifth rock group and the continuous deformation zone, widening rapidly. Then, the lower portion of the continuous deformation zone cracks and collapses into the fractured zone, extending the height of the failure zone to 87.1 m. Based on field data, a statistical formula for predicting the maximum height of overburden failure induced by close multiple seam mining is presented.
Subcutaneous allergen specific immunotherapy with gramineae pollen in children with allergic rhinoconjunctivitis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background/aim: Allergen specific immunotherapy (ASIT) should be considered in patients with moderate to severe allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, whose complaints persists despite symptomatic treatment. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ASIT with gramineae pollen in children with allergic rhinoconjunctivitis. Materials and methods: The patients aged 5-18 years with allergic rhinoconjunctivitis were included in the study. The patients were divided in two groups. One group received ASIT, the other was control group that did not. The control group, in which participant have similar age and similar duration of disease. Visual analogue score (VAS), daily symptom score (dSS), daily medications score (dMS) and combined symptom and medication score (CSMS) were evaluated at three times points: baseline, after ASIT for first and second year. Results: 188 children with a diagnosis of allergic rhinoconjunctivitis were included in the study. 94 of the patients had received immunotherapy.105 (55.9%) of the patients were male, the median age was 14 (min-max: 7-18 years). In the group of patients who received ASIT; there was statistically significant decreases in VAS, dSS, dMS and CSMS through one and two years therapy in comparison to the baseline values (p < 0.001). When the group of patients receiving ASIT was compared with the control group after two years of follow-up, there was a significant decrease in VAS, dSS, dMS and CSMS (p <0.001). Systemic reaction was occurred in five (5.3%) patients. Conclusion: The current study demonstrated that ASIT with gramineae pollen is clinically effective in patients with graminae pollen induced allergic rhinoconjunctivitis.
Retinal abiotrophy in mitochondrial pathology: NARP sindrome (a clinical case)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose : to present a clinical case of retinal abiotrophy in mitochondrial pathology (NARP syndrome) caused by the mutation m.8993T>G in the ATPase gene type 6 in order to improve the diagnosis of hereditary abiotrophies. Material and methods . The results of a clinical molecular genetic examination of the patient’s family, undertaken in order to clarify the diagnosis and determine the genetic risk, are presented. The family was found to have an isolated pathology of the eye. Results . DNA studies by MLPA method and the analysis of clinical data in the family revealed a hereditary syndromic pathology which caused changes in the eyes. The inheritance type was found to be maternal. Conclusion . NARP syndrome is a syndrome with the maternal type of inheritance in which retinal abiotrophy is primarily associated with the mutation m.8993T>G mtDNA and can be considered as the main diagnostic feature among other clinical manifestations. The case demonstrates the difficulties of diagnosing hereditary syndromes accompanied by eye pathology.
Densifying Solid Electrolytes to Mitigate Shorting of Solid State Batteries

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The formation of internal short-circuits due to lithium dendrite penetration have limited the life of lithium metal all-solid-state batteries. The defects and pores present in solid electrolytes, formed during compaction, act as favorable pathways for the growth of lithium dendrites. This study introduces a modification on the Li6PS5Cl (LPSC) and facilitating densification of the LPSC pellet. Under the compaction at room temperature, the modified LPSC demonstrates a porosity of 1.7%, a substantial reduction from the porosity of 10.9% for LPSC. As a result, Li/Li symmetric cells incorporating the densified LPSC pellet exhibit up to a fourfold increase in critical current density and demonstrate remarkable stability during extended cycling at room temperature. This work points to a new direction to enable long-life solid state batteries.
Self-Reported health and coping strategies of Ukrainian female refugees after settlement in the Czech Republic_codes

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Since the Russian invasion of Ukraine on 24th February 2022, the Czech Republic was a destination for hundreds of thousands of refugees, most of them females with children. This study investigates 919 Ukrainian female refugees (over 18 years) about their coping strategies and the association with their self-reported general health/emotions and psychological status as well as demographic characteristics. Also tested psychometric properties of the coping strategies the BRIEF- COPE instrument. It was found that females are more likely to use problem-focus coping strategies. Ineffective coping strategies such as self-blame and behavioral disengagement were associated with poor reported general health and bad emotions and psychological status. Effective coping strategy as positive reframing was associated with less likelihood to report bad emotions and psychological status. The BRIEF-COPE presented confirmatory proprieties in this population. The study demonstrated that Ukrainian female refugees used various coping strategies for adaptation in the Czech Republic. The conclusion highlights that the usage of effective coping strategies could be protective to reduce negative emotions in this population. These strategies could be used in social policy to help Ukrainian female refugees to better adapt to the environment in the country.
Repurposing Title IX: How Sexual Harassment Became Sex Discrimination in American Higher Education

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Sexual harassment is one of the most significant problems facing American higher education today, and Title IX requires schools to address it. Yet Title IX was not created to confront sexual harassment, and the statute does not mention sexual harassment. This article explains how sexual harassment became a form of illegal sex discrimination in education under Title IX. Triangulating multiple data sources across linked case studies of three universities, I find that the mutual interpenetration of social networks across the educational and legal domains stimulated the shift, which exemplifies a more general process that I call the endogenous repurposing of law. This concept combines institutional theory on law and organizations with social network research on institutional emergence to clarify how new applications of law arise from within the organizations that law seeks to regulate.
Specificity of Cucumisin in Hydrolysis of Peptide Thiobenzyl Esters

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Journal Article Specificity of Cucumisin in Hydrolysis of Peptide Thiobenzyl Esters Get access Makoto Kaneda, Makoto Kaneda Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kagoshima University, Korimoto, Kagoshima 890, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Yoshihiro Minematsu, Yoshihiro Minematsu School of Chemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, U.S.A. Present address: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812, Japan. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar James C Powers, James C Powers School of Chemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Naotomo Tominaga Naotomo Tominaga Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kagoshima University, Korimoto, Kagoshima 890, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Volume 50, Issue 4, 1 April 1986, Pages 1075–1076, https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1986.10867522 Published: 01 April 1986 Article history Received: 05 November 1985 Published: 01 April 1986
Effect of Post-Heat Treatment on the Mechanical Properties and Corrosion Behavior of Duplex Stainless Steel Fabricated by Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

In this study, the effect of heat treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of 2209 duplex stainless steel fabricated by wire arc additive was analyzed. It was found that solution treatment at 1100°C for 2 hours and tempering at 300°C for 2 hours can effectively improve the grain inhomogeneity of 2209 duplex stainless steel, eliminate γ2 and harmful brittle phases, and take into account the mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. Compared with the original deposition state, the hardness and yield strength increased by 10% and 31.8% to 245.6 HV and 499.7 MPa, which meet the requirements of engineering propellers. Electron back-scattered diffraction studies showed that the grains became refined and austenite maintained &lt;101&gt;//Z orientation after solution heat treatment. Many small-angle grain boundaries were present in both the original sample and the solid solution, but further tempering transformed the small-angle grain boundaries into large-angle grain boundaries.
Inhibition of fibroblast growth factor receptor in FGFR3:TACC3 fusion positive glioblastoma cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Glioblastoma multiforme is the most common of adult primary brain tumors. It is a highly aggressive form of diffuse gliomas and with current treatments median life expectancy of patients with glioblastoma is approximately 14 months. Resent research of genetic and molecular changes in glioblastoma has provided new insight on disease initiation and progression. Fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 gene fusion with transforming acidic coiled coil 3 (FGFR3:TACC3) was found in subset of glioblastomas and has been shown to increase proliferation and anchorage independent growth of tumor cells. It is known to be mutually exclusive with other growth factor receptor alterations so it seems to be providing alternative pathway for tumor formation. However, FGFR3:TACC3 is usually not one of the initiating alterations in glioblastoma. Inhibition of FGFR in fusion positive tumors has shown promising results in vitro and in preclinical studies. \n \nThe aim of this study was compare cellular mechanisms between SNB19 glioblastoma cells that had been stably transfected with FGFR3:TACC3 fusion vector, FGFR3 vector or empty plasmid vector. Proliferation, migration, colony formation and survival of these overexpressed cell lines were compared. Effect of pan-FGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor JNJ-42165279 to same cellular mechanisms in these different overexpression cell lines was also assessed. Furthermore, downstream effects of FGFR3:TACC3 and FGFR3 expressing cells to inhibition and stimulation with fibroblast growth factor was analyzed at protein level. \n \nIn these experiments, FGFR3:TACC3 overexpressed cells showed increased proliferation and FGFR3 overexpressed cells decreased proliferation compared to the control cells. FGFR3 expressing cells had also lowered colony forming capability. Inhibition of FGFR in these overexpressing cells showed decrease of proliferation in fusion positive cells. Inhibition had no significant effects on other cellular mechanisms. Phosphorylation of FGFR was decreased by inhibition in both FGFR3:TACC3 and FGFR3 overexpressed cell lines.
Relative Larvicidal Efficacy of Three Species of Peppercorns against Dengue Fever Mosquito, Aedes aegypti L.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The present investigations involve the laboratory study of biocontrol potential of hexane extracts of dried fruits of three species of peppercorns; Long pepper, Piper longum L., Black pepper, P. nigrum, and White pepper, P. nigrum against larval forms of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae), the vector of dengue haemorrhagic fever. When analyzed individually, hexane extracts of Black P. nigrum were found to be most effectual against the early fourth instar larvae of Ae. aegypti, followed by P. longum, and White P. nigrum being least effective. The LC 50 values obtained with hexane extracts of P. longum, White P. nigrum and Black P. nigrum against early fourth instar larvae were 0.017, 0.024, and 0.007 ppm, respectively and the LC 90 values were 0.065, 0.081, and 0.027 ppm, respectively. It was observed, however, that the larvae of Ae. aegypti were most susceptible against a mixture of the three extracts when taken in 1:1:1 ratio exhibiting the LC 50 and LC 90 value of 0.002 and 0.011 ppm, respectively. The larvae treated with all the pepper species showed initial abnormal behaviour in their motion followed by excitation, convulsions and paralysis leading to 100% kills which indicated delayed larval toxicity and effects of the extracts on the neuromuscular system. Observations of morphological alterations on treated larvae under light microscopy revealed that all organs had a normal structural appearance as that of controls except the little structural deformity in the form of shrinkage of internal membrane observed in anal gills. Potency of hexane extracts of dried peppercorns provided an excellent potential for controlling Ae. aegypti at the larval stage.
Collateral channel and credit cycle: Evidence from the land price collapse in Japan

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper investigates empirically the effect of real assets as collateral on the economy. As pointed out by Kiyotaki and Moore (1997), when loans are collateralized and firms are credit constrained, the amount borrowed is determined by the value of the collateral; a decrease in the price of productive assets will therefore have a negative impact on firm investments. These effects are cumulative, which leads to credit cycles. There are potentially two major difficulties in empirically testing the relationship between collateral and firm investments. First, the value of collateral often is not observable due to the lack of active secondary markets for collateralizable assets, such as plants and machineries. Second, collateral is endogenous. For example, when firms invest they need to purchase machines and build plants, which expands their collateralizable assets. This paper deals with these two difficulties by using the land-price collapse in Japan in the early 1990s as a natural experiment. In Japan, the main form of collateral for corporate borrowing is land, the value of which is observable. In addition, between 1990 and 1993, there was a near 50% drop in land prices, which was unambiguously exogenous to any one individual firm. As firms suffer losses proportionate to their land holding, the amount of land held prior to the shock can serve as an exogenous instrument to measure collateral. I find that collateral affected Japanese firm investments in two important ways. The first is a collateral-damage effect: losses in collateral value reduced investments. The second is an indirect internal-liquidity effect: with reduced borrowing capacity, the firms had to rely more upon internally generated cash to finance their investments. In addition to the investment analysis, we use a unique dataset of matched firm-bank lending, which permits us to further examine the mechanism through which collateral affects firm investments. In particular, I investigate whether collateral losses also leads to reduced borrowing capacities. The matched sample allows me to control for unobservable heterogeneity in the loan supply. The results show, again, a significant collateral-damage effect: banks tended to lend less to those who suffered greater collateral losses.
Dielectric properties of hexagonal boron nitride and transition metal dichalcogenides: from monolayer to bulk

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) and semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) promise greatly improved electrostatic control in future scaled electronic devices. To quantify the prospects of these materials in devices, we calculate the out-of-plane and in-plane dielectric constant from first principles for TMDs in trigonal prismatic and octahedral coordination, as well as for h-BN, with a thickness ranging from monolayer and bilayer to bulk. Both the ionic and electronic contribution to the dielectric response are computed. Our calculations show that the out-of-plane dielectric response for the transition-metal dichalcogenides is dominated by its electronic component and that the dielectric constant increases with increasing chalcogen atomic number. Overall, the out-of-plane dielectric constant of the TMDs and h-BN increases by less than 15% as the number of layers is increased from monolayer to bulk, while the in-plane component remains unchanged. Our computations also reveal that for octahedrally coordinated TMDs the ionic (static) contribution to the dielectric response is very high (4.5 times the electronic contribution) in the in-plane direction. This indicates that semiconducting TMDs in the tetragonal phase will suffer from excessive polar-optical scattering thereby deteriorating their electronic transport properties.
Data from The Severity of Neural Invasion Is Associated with Shortened Survival in Colon Cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<div>Abstract<p><b>Purpose:</b> Neural invasion (NI) is a histopathologic feature of colon cancer that receives little consideration. Therefore, we conducted a morphologic and functional characterization of NI in colon cancer.</p><p><b>Experimental Design:</b> NI was investigated in 673 patients with colon cancer. Localization and severity of NI was determined and related to patient's prognosis and survival. The neuro-affinity of colon cancer cells (HT29, HCT-116, SW620, and DLD-1) was compared with pancreatic cancer (T3M4 and SU86.86) and rectal cancer cells (CMT-93) in the <i>in vitro</i> three-dimensional (3D)–neural-migration assay and analyzed via live-cell imaging. Immunoreactivity of the neuroplasticity marker GAP-43, and the neurotrophic-chemoattractant factors Artemin and nerve growth factor (NGF), was quantified in colon cancer and pancreatic cancer nerves. Dorsal root ganglia of newborn rats were exposed to supernatants of colon cancer, rectal cancer, and pancreatic cancer cells and neurite density was determined.</p><p><b>Results:</b> NI was detected in 210 of 673 patients (31.2%). Although increasing NI <i>severity</i> scores were associated with a significantly poorer survival, <i>presence</i> of NI was not an independent prognostic factor in colon cancer. In the 3D migration assay, colon cancer and rectal cancer cells showed much less neurite-targeted migration when compared with pancreatic cancer cells. Supernatants of pancreatic cancer and rectal cancer cells induced a much higher neurite density than those of colon cancer cells. Accordingly, NGF, Artemin, and GAP-43 were much more pronounced in nerves in pancreatic cancer than in colon cancer.</p><p><b>Conclusion:</b> NI is not an independent prognostic factor in colon cancer. The lack of a considerable biologic affinity between colon cancer cells and neurons, the low expression profile of colonic nerves for chemoattractant molecules, and the absence of a major neuroplasticity in colon cancer may explain the low prevalence and impact of NI in colon cancer. <i>Clin Cancer Res; 19(1); 50–61. ©2012 AACR</i>.</p></div>