jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Offline and Online Learning Processes During the Covid-19 Pandemic

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this study is to assess the offline and online learning process at Namlea State Primary School 5 (SDN 5 Namlea) during the Covid-19 pandemic and to identify the teacher's approach for integrating offline and online learning during the Covid-19 pandemic at SDN 5 Namlea. This study employed a qualitative descriptive methodology with a phenomenological approach. Principals, instructors, students in Classes I, III, IV, and VI, and students in Classes III, IV, and V served as data sources for both primary and secondary data. This research employs nonparticipant observation employing field survey techniques (field study), interviews (interviews), documentary studies, and literature studies as its methodology. During the Covid-19 epidemic, the results of the study demonstrate that the offline and online learning processes at SDN 5 Namlea are very efficient and effective. The school incorporates offline learning through 1) shift (alternating teaching and learning), 2) television, 3) study groups, and 4) home visits. In the process of online education, teachers utilize two media platforms, namely WhatsApp and YouTube. During the Covid-19 pandemic, SDN 5 Namlea implemented offline and online learning strategies by 1) conducting learning activities (Blended Learning, Offline, Online); 2) using technological facilities such as gadgets, laptops, internet, and wifi; and 3) utilizing application media, namely WhatsApp and YouTube.
ON THE CHOICE OF PRESTRESSING PARAMETERS

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper focuses on the regulation of forces in a statically indeterminate system under the action of many loads. This regulation is realized by prestressing. The paper compares two proposed methods for selecting rational values of the prestressing parameters: maximizing the minimum bearing capacity margin for the elements of the system (1) and equalizing the margins for all elements (2). An illustrative example is provided.
Phylogenetics of bactrocera fruit flies in Malaysia with reference to selected host fruits / Joey Ee Uli

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Bactrocera carambolae and Bactrocera papayae fruit flies, also known as the carambola and papaya fruit fly respectively, are significant pest fruit flies in Malaysia. They are capable of causing losses in the agricultural industry by infesting host fruits and making them unable to be sold. These two species are grouped in the Bactrocera dorsalis species complex, and are oftentimes difficult to distinguish from one another due to similar and intermediate morphological characteristics. A precise method for identifying pest fruit flies is important to properly monitor the infestation of host fruits, for the purpose of quarantine management. The aims of this research are to determine the effect of locations and host fruits in the phylogenetics of Bactrocera carambolae and Bactrocera papayae, to determine the phylogenetic relationships between Bactrocera carambolae and Bactrocera papayae, and to determine the ability of the selected molecular markers (COI, COII, and cytb) in distinguishing Bactrocera carambolae and Bactrocera papayae. To determine the taxonomic position between Bactrocera carambolae and Bactrocera papayae, three molecular markers, COI, COII, and cytb, were utilized. Infested host fruits were collected from two locations in Peninsular and East Malaysia (Serdang and Sarawak), and fruit fly specimens were hatched and identified based on morphological characteristics. Molecular phylogenetic analyses using maximum likelihood, Bayesian Inference, Neighbor-Joining, and haplotype network reconstruction based on COI, COII, cytb, and the combination of the three molecular markers, were not able to differentiate Bactrocera carambolae and Bactrocera papayae as two distinct species as they tend to group together within the same clade. Bactrocera carambolae and Bactrocera papayae specimens also tend to group together within the same clade as other members of the Bactrocera dorsalis complex. This suggests that Bactrocera carambolae and Bactrocera papayae could iii possibly belong to the same species. The fruit flies hatched from different host fruits collected from Serdang could not be distinguished using the three mitochondrial DNA markers, however, the fruit flies hatched from host fruits collected from Sarawak tend to group separately from the Serdang specimens. This suggests that the fruit flies collected from Sarawak were genetically different from the fruit flies collected from Serdang.
Screening for impaired visual acuity in middle age in general practice.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Screening for impaired distant visual acuity was one component of a controlled trial of multiphasic screening in middle age carried out in two general practices. The prevalence of impaired visual acuity (6/18 or worse in the better eye) at the initial screening in 1967 was 9.6% overall, ranging from 5.9% in people aged 40-49 years to 16.3% in those aged over 60. The question "Do you have difficulty seeing distant objects?" had a low sensitivity and high specificity, rendering it unsatisfactory for use in mass population screening for visual impairment. The prevalences of impaired visual acuity in the screening and control groups at the survey in 1972 showed no significant differences in any age group. Mass screening for defects of visual acuity in the course of a multiphasic examination is thus unlikely to reduce the prevalence of impaired distant visual acuity in the community.
Study on Influence of Oxymatrine in Exosomatic Cell Antiproliferative Activity of Eca-109

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Objective:To investigate the affecting of oxymatrine in Eca-109 cell activity.Methods:The relation between the dose and cell viability was determined by the linear correlation regression.The growth curve and doubling time were evaluated by growth curve.Result:In the range of 0.25 mg/ml~4 mg/ml,the cells inhibition rate was 24%~98% with the effect of oxmatrine for 24 h(P0.001).The linear regression equation of the dosedependent manner was:Y=8.313-10.469X,r=-0.971.The doubling time 212h was 9.2 times that of the negative control group.Conclusion:The effect of growth inhibition of oxmatrine on human carcinoma cell line MGC-803 in vitro is significant and exhibits time and dose-dependent manner.
Dephosphorylation of αS- and κ-Caseins and Its Effect on Micelle Stability in the κ-αS-Casein System

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

SUSIMAI~¥as-and x-Caseins, obtained from commercial pooled milk, were depbosphorylated with a phosphoprotein phosphatase prepared from beef spleen.Ultracentrifuge studies at pH 7.0 on 1:4 (x:a~) weight ratios of the dephosphorylated proteins gave patterns consisting of a major peak, S~ -----7.5, and a barely discernible minor peak, $20 = 4.4.For a similar mixture that had been maintained at pH 12.0 for 10 rain before ultracentrifugation at pit 7.0 a single peak, S~o : 7.5, was obtained.The native K-and as-caseins in 1:4 (x:a~) weight ratios gave only a single peak, S~o = 7.5, under both of the above conditions.Micelle stability of mixtures of the dephosphorylated proteins with the native x-and a.-caseins were compared.The stabilizing power of x-casein was not changed significantly by dephosphorylation, but the dephosphorylation of a.casein impaired drastically its ability to be stabilized by K-casein in the presence of 0.02 ~ CaC12 at pH 7.0.
Comparisons of real-time microwave rainfall products from TRMM/TMI, DMSP/SSM/I, and NOAA/AMSU

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The real time rain estimates from the TRMM/TMI and the SSM/I Goddard Profiling Alforithm (GPROF), along with the Climate Prediction Center real time IR rain estimates, have been merged to a preparatory version of the TRMM global 3-hourly rain product. This paper discusses the issue of merging NOAA/AMSU rain estimates as an addition into this preparatory product and provides comparisons of rainfall among TMI, SSM/I GPROF and AMSU products. The orbit data of the three microwave sensors were aggregated to 3-hourly gridded rain products with horizontal resolution of 0.25°. The histogram data based on the coincident rainfall among TMI, SSM/I and AMSU estimates from the 3-hourly data series showed about +50% bias of AMSU rain as compared to the SSM/I-TMI rain over tropical ocean. However, over land, the AMSU data showed about -20% bias as compared to the SSM/I-TMI products. The correlation between TMI and AMSU oceanic data is about 0.5. In order to justify the results from microwave rainfall estimates, the TMI rain estimate were compared with ground validation data for a 4-year period. The results indicate a lower (-15%) TMI rain amount over ocean and a higher (+25%) TMI estimate over land as compared to the ground observation.
Chemical and radiative effects of methane. Final report, December 1990-September 1993

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The purpose of this report is to better quantify the radiative forcing by atmospheric methane and other greenhouse gases. More specifically, the following issues will be addresed: The direct radiative impact of increasing concentrations of green house gases including CO2, CH4, N2O and the CFCs; The impact of changing concentrations of trace gases emitted at the surface level on the distribution of other trace gases in the atmosphere; The evolution of the radiative forcing from the preindustrial period up to 1990; and The evaluaton if direct and indirect Global Warming Potentials for the main greenhouse gases.
Information and Communications Technology in Chemistry Education

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

This article looks at the possibilities of Information and communications technology (ICT), which is also central in supporting teaching and learning of chemistry. It is also vital in promoting sustainable development. ICT is a general concept, under which all different media and technologies can be placed, which can be used as support in data processing. The topic is quite broad and needs demarcation. The theory of blended learning can be used here, which is one of ICT’s theory frames that models the possibilities of using them in teaching (see Pernaa & Aksela, 2013). In order to support pondering, examples and recommendations of software are presented, which the teachers’ can exploit in teaching. This article is partly based on Johannes Pernaa’s doctoral dissertation, which was completed in 2011 (Pernaa, 2011), where it was researched, how ICT-based chemistry learning environments are developed based on research. The developing of learning environments based on research is an important standpoint in the topic, which is why we look at it more closely at the end of this article.
Watch video preview of article:https://youtu.be/U0tPCKWzWco
Study of pulsed soft X-ray source employing a gas-puff Z-pinch plasma device for lithography applications

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Employing a gas-puff Z-pinch plasma device, we have developed a bright and reliable X-ray source. The Z-pinch plasma was produced by a capacity discharge, using a fast valve to inject an annulus of Argon gas. The total capacitance of circuit is 24μF, and the peak discharge current is 360kA with a quarter-period of 2μs when the capacitor bank was charged to 25kV. The X-ray spectrum from our gas-puff Z-pinch plasma device is between 2keV and 6keV, and its yield is about 50J per shot. The shape of X-ray source is like a small cylinder with diameter of less than 1 mm and length of less than 2 mm. We have obtained some preliminary results of lithographic patterns by means of this plasma device.
Regional‐seasonal patterns in produce consumption at farmers’ markets and supermarkets

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Regional/seasonal eating of fresh fruits and vegetables is still a common practice in developing nations and is returning to developed nations through farmers' markets and other direct marketing operations. The intake frequency for ten fresh fruit and vegetable items was studied in matched samples of California supermarket and farmers' market shoppers. Seasonal variations in consumption were found for all those survey items having a local growing season. There were no replicated differences in overall consumption of fresh fruits and vegetables between the two groups of shoppers. However, farmers' market customers consumed a significantly greater proportion of their total intake of fresh fruits and vegetables during the local growing season than did supermarket customers. They were also more likely to significantly abstain from eating off‐season produce items. The implications of these findings for seasonal/regional agriculture are discussed.
Galactic Cosmic Rays and Insolation are the Main Drivers of Global Climate of the Earth

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

An energy-balance model of global climate, which takes into account a nontrivial role of galactic cosmic rays, is developed. The model is described by the fold catastrophe equation relative to increment of temperature, where galactic cosmic rays and insolation are control parameters. The comparison of the results of a computer simulation of time-dependent solution of the presented model and oxygen isotope records of deep-sea core V28-238 over the past 730 kyr are presented. The climate evolution in future 100 kyr is also predicted.
Global Existence and Regularity for the Active Liquid Crystal System

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we study the active hydrodynamics, described in the Q-tensor liquid crystal framework. We prove the existence of global weak solutions in dimension two and three, with suitable initial datas. By using Littlewood-Paley decomposition, we also get the higher regularity of the weak solutions and the uniqueness of weak-strong solutions in dimension two.
Removal (Extraction) of Pacemakers and ICD Leads

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Most cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) use leads or electrodes to connect the device generator to cardiac tissues, and as such, they are foreign bodies that can activate coagulation, thrombus formation, or be a site of infection, as bacteria attached to leads are difficult for the immune system to reach. Risk factors for complications are diabetes, renal disease, and COPD among others. Suspected infection has to be evaluated carefully using transoesophageal echocardiography, blood cultures, wound swabs inflammatory markers and often the CIEDs have to be removed if suspicion is confirmed. Removal can be achieved today with special technology and requires the experience and skills of the operator to avoid major complications, particularly bleeding.
Semiflow selection and Markov selection theorems

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The deterministic analog of the Markov property of a time-homogeneous Markov process is the semigroup property of solutions of an autonomous differential equation. The semigroup property arises naturally when the solutions of a differential equation are unique, and leads to a semiflow. We prove an abstract result on measurable selection of a semiflow for the situations without uniqueness. We outline applications to ODEs, PDEs, differential inclusions, etc. Our proof of the semiflow selection theorem is motivated by N. V. Krylov's Markov selection theorem. To accentuate this connection, we include a new version of the Markov selection theorem related to more recent papers of Flandoli & Romito and Goldys et al.
Ethyl acetate extract of Chinese medicinal herb Sarcandra glabra induces growth inhibition on human leukemic HL-60 cells, associated with cell cycle arrest and up-regulation of pro-apoptotic Bax/Bcl-2 ratio

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Sarcandra glabra (Thunb.) Nakai, colloquially known as Caoshanhu, is a Chinese medicinal herb with reported anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, anti-viral and non-specific immunoenhancing properties. Although the plant has been clinically used for treating a variety of diseases, its bioactive ingredients are largely unknown and its mode of action has never been investigated. In this study, the anti-tumor property of ethyl acetate (EA) extract of S. glabra was investigated by determining its in vitro growth-inhibitory effects on a panel of human cancer cell lines of different histotypes. Growth inhibition of the EA extract on the cancer cells seemed to be selective, and the leukemic HL-60 was found to be the most responsive after 48 h of treatment (IC50=58 microg/ml). Flow cytometric studies further illustrated that the extract might interfere with DNA replication and thus arrested the cell cycle at S phase in the leukemic cells, followed by DNA fragmentation and loss of phospholipid asymmetry in the plasma membrane after 72 h of treatment. Concurrently, the pro-apoptotic Bax/Bcl-2 ratio was also up-regulated by more than 178% of the control level. All these findings suggested that the extract had initiated apoptosis to kill the leukemic cells. Results from this pioneer study help to establish a scientific foundation for future research and development of the bioactive ingredients in EA extract of S. glabra as efficacious anti-cancer agents.
Effects of irradiation on growth and toxigenicity of Clostridium botulinum types A and B inoculated onto chicken skins

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

This study was conducted to examine the effects of 0.3-Mrad irradiation on growth and toxigenicity of Clostridium botulinum types A and B on chicken skins. Irradiation followed by aerobic or anaerobic incubation at 30 degrees C extended the shelf life of skin samples and delayed growth and toxin production by C. botulinum. During 2 weeks of incubation at 10 degrees C, the irradiated and nonirradiated C. botulinum spores failed to grow or produce toxin.
Manipulation of subtitles on social media : a case study of manner

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The Internet is a fertile ground for new subtitling practices. Unbound by subtitling norms, \namateur subtitlers on the Internet produce subtitles in their own manner and set new trends. \nAmong which, the creative subtitling practice which constitutes subtitles that depart from the \noriginal dialogues in meaning has caught the attention of academics in the audiovisual \ntranslation field. These subtitles are intentionally mistranslated (or “manipulated” in the words \nof Hermans (1985)) for different purposes. In this study, we call these subtitles “fake subtitles”. \nOn the Internet, Manner, a Macau-based production company that has an active presence on \nvarious social media platforms, is a producer of fake subtitles. Videos produced by Manner \noften contained English subtitles that did not deliver the message of the original Cantonese \ndialogues. In this study, we investigate how this subtitling practice is practised on social media \nusing Manner as a case study. Data were collected from five videos produced by Manner for \nanalysis. It was found that Manner’s English subtitles contained features such as romanised \nCantonese, profanities, non-standard typography, etc. In terms of content, the English subtitles \nwere manipulated through addition and replacement of elements, as well as through the use of \nhyperbole. It was found that ideology on three levels, namely the Internet environment, Manner, \nand Manner’s translator, has influenced the way Manner’s subtitles were manipulated. In \naddition, the manipulated English subtitles sometimes pose ethical concerns due to its sexist \ncontent. Such a phenomenon highlighted the need for academics to re-evaluate the role and \nfunction of subtitles, as well as the need to adapt existing translation theories to embrace new \naudiovisual trends.
Congestion control over ATM local area networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) has emerged as a standard which offers integration of different classes of service as well as scalability in terms of network size and speed. While the early focus on ATM was mainly on wide-area networks, the driving force behind this new technology is increasingly coming from local-area applications. The need for an ATM LAN to support existing protocols (e.g., TCP/IP) transparently is key to its adoption in the local-area environment. In traditional shared medium LANS, congestion control on the medium is handled by medium access control (MAC) protocol. Once a network device gains access to the shared medium, it has the full bandwidth to itself. Other contending network devices must wait until the shared medium becomes free. In ATM LANS, the MAC protocol is removed, and as a result the congestion control it provides is also removed. Each network device can transmit at the full link bandwidth, and can thus potentially cause congestion at some output ports of an ATM switch. This report presents some simulation results and demonstrates the importance of congestion control in ATM networks. First, we show the effects of cell loss on TCP performance in a congested ATM LAN. When congestion resultsmore » in switch buffer overflow, cells are dropped. The effect of a small cell loss rate is found to translate into a much larger TCP packet retransmission rate, resulting in poor TCP performance. Secondly, we will describe a credit-based, per virtual circuit, per hop flow control algorithm proposed by Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC). We show that when flow control is employed, cell loss and TCP retransmissions are eliminated, resulting in greatly improved TCP performance.« less
Ileus as a complication of butterfly wing disease − case report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Epidermolysis bullosa or butterfly wing disease is a rare genetic disorder of connective tissue associated with the formation of blisters. The clinical manifestations are very diverse and affect not only the skin cover, but also mucosal surfaces of the gastrointestinal, urogenital and respiratory systems. A large proportion of patients suffer from severe constipation with the development of megacolon. The case report describes intestinal obstruction in a patient with a dystrophic form of epidermolysis bullosa which required surgical treatment.
Late 20th Century increase in South Pole snow accumulation

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

A compilation of the 37‐year history of net accumulation at the South Pole [ Mosley‐Thompson et al ., 1995] suggests an increase in net annual accumulation since 1965. This record is sporadic and its quality is compromised by spatially restricted observations and nonsystematic measurement procedures. Results from a new, spatially extensive network of 236 accumulation poles document that the current 5‐year (1992–1997) average annual net accumulation at the South Pole is 84.5 ± 8.9 mm water equivalent (w.e.). This accumulation rate reflects a 30% increase since the 1960s when the best, although not optimal, records indicate that it was 65 mm w.e. Identification of two prominent beta radioactivity horizons (1954/1955 and 1964/1965) in six firn cores confirms an increase in accumulation since 1965. Viewed from a longer perspective of accumulation provided by ice cores and a snow mine study, the net accumulation of the 30‐year period, 1965–1994, is the highest 30‐year average of this millennium. Limited data suggest this recent accumulation increase extends beyond the South Pole region and may be characteristic of the high East Antarctic Plateau. Enhanced accumulation over the polar ice sheets has been identified as a potential early indicator of warmer sea surface temperatures and may offset a portion of the current rise in global sea level.