jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A Comparative Study of TV Advertisement Design Expression Methods in Korea and South America -Focused on TV Advertisements for Pharmaceuticals and Cosmetics-

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

최근 우리나라의 주요 경제상대국으로 경제 활력도가 높은 남미가 주목받고 있다. 본 연구는 한국 기업이 남미 현지의 지역 문화에 대한 이해를 바탕으로 최적화된 마케팅 커뮤니케이션 표현 방법을 수립할 수 있도록 한국과 남미의 TV 광고 디자인 표현 방법을 비교 · 정리하였다. 연구 방법으로, 한국과 남미의 TV광고 분석 품목 대상은 KOTRA가 제시한 2021년 중남미 진출 전략 수출 유망품목인 ‘화장품’과 ‘의약품을 선정하였다. 남미의 중견 경제국으로 성장하고 있는 멕시코, 콜롬비아, 칠레를 중심으로 2015～2021년까지 국가별 매출 순위 기준 총 50편의 광고를 ‘브랜드 홈페이지, 유튜브, TV CF 사이트’를 수집 매체로 활용하였으며, 수집된 TV 광고는 ‘모델(4요소), 주제 및 의미(10요소), 표현 방법 (7요소)’로 구성된 틀을 사용하여 분석하였다. 결론적으로, 남미 소비자들은 연예인보다 자신과 거리감이 덜한 일반인이 TV 광고 모델로 등장할 경우, 자신과의 연계성을 강화하며 구매 의사를 높이고 있었다. 그러므로 남미의 TV 광고 대부분은 다수의 일반인 모델을 활용해 제품 자체보다는 그들이 연출하는 스토리텔링에 공감할 수 있도록 TV 광고를 구성하고 있었다. 따라서 남미 TV 광고는 제품 정보전달보다는 메시지 전달이 매우 중요한 요소임을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구가 글로벌 시장에서 활동을 준비하는 우리나라 기업이 남미 현지에서 효율적인 광고 전략을 수립하는 데 도움이 되기를 기대한다. Recently, South America, which has high economic vitality, is attracting attention as a major economic partner of Korea. This study compares and organizes TV advertisement design expression methods in Korea and South America so that Korean companies can establish an optimized marketing communication expression method based on their understanding of local culture in South America. As a methods, the items to be analyzed for TV advertisements in Korea and South America are ‘cosmetics’ and ‘pharmaceuticals’, which are promising export items for entry strategy proposed by KOTRA. Focusing on Mexico, Colombia, and Chile, which are growing as mid-sized economies in South America, a total of 50 advertisements based on sales rankings by country from 2015 to 2021 were used as collection media on ‘Brand homepage, YouTube, and TV CF sites’. The collected TV commercials were analyzed using a frame consisting of ‘model (4 elements), theme and meaning (10 elements), and expression method (7 elements)’. Conclusion, South American consumers were more likely to connect with themselves and increase their purchasing intention when an ordinary person, who is less distant from them than a famous celebrity, appeared as a TV commercial model. Therefore, most of the TV commercials in South America used a large number of general public models and structured the TV commercials so that they could sympathize with the storytelling they directed rather than the product itself. It was found that message delivery is a very important factor in South America TV advertisements rather than product information delivery. It is hoped that this study will help Korean companies preparing for activities in the global market to establish effective advertising strategies in South America.
THE EFFECT OF GROWTH‐REGULATING WEEDKILLERS ON THE MORPHOLOGY OF GRASSES

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A series of experiments were carried out in 1954 and 1955 designed to investigate the effects of MCPA and 2,4‐D applied at different stages of growth to grasses grown for seed. Single, spaced plants were sprayed at the rate of 1·5 lb. a.e. per acre with 2,4‐D amine in 1954 and with 2,4‐D amine and ester and MCPA ester in 1955. The development of the grass growing point was used as a criterion of the developmental stages at which the plants were sprayed. Some treatments caused abnormal types of growth. S.23 perennial ryegrass and S.143 cocksfoot developed ear malformations, S.53 meadow fescue had leaf and ear malformations, while S.51 timothy showed leaf, stem and ear abnormalities. Leaf malformations developed only after spraying when the growing points showed vegetative primordia while ear abnormalities usually appeared after treatment at most early stages of development. Stem malformation in timothy occurred after spraying at all stages in 1954, but only at the vegetative stages in 1955. The percentage of abnormal ears in a random sample of tillers in all but one case fell as the growing point developed and most damage occurred after treatment when the apex was at the vegetative stage. Normally, treatment when glume ridges were visible on the apex produced no significant difference between the number of abnormal ears in the treated and untreated plots. The results suggest that the chemicals act on that part of the apex which is just beginning its development but is not yet visible as a protuberance on the apex. The type of abnormalities occurring in grasses as a result of spraying with growth regulating weedkillers is similar to those found in cereals after similar treatment. Provided that the chemicals are applied in the 4 to 5 weeks prior to ear emergence the amount of malformation occurring in the grasses will be small.
Understanding the social exclusion and stalled welfare of citizens with learning disabilities

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Despite the UK's recent history of promoting the social inclusion and equality of men and women with learning disabilities they remain a significantly disadvantaged group. Compared with their non‐disabled peers they are more likely to be unemployed, less likely to own their own homes and are at a significantly greater risk of physical and mental ill health. The first part of this paper discusses the welfare rights of citizens with learning disabilities in terms of New Labour's welfare to work policies. The second part discusses the UK's mixed welfare economy and its impact upon services for men and women with learning disabilities. The paper concludes by considering whether the social inclusion of men and women with learning disabilities can be promoted solely through policies that emphasise inclusion through work and the personalisation of welfare services.
Structural Characterization of Metal Hydrides for Energy Applications

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Hydrogen can be an unlimited source of clean energy for future because of its very high energy density compared to the conventional fuels like gasoline. An efficient and safer way of storing hydrogen is in metals and alloys as hydrides. Light metal hydrides, alanates and borohydrides have very good hydrogen storage capacity, but high operation temperatures hinder their application. Improvement of thermodynamic properties of these hydrides is important for their commercial use as a source of energy. Application of pressure on materials can have influence on their properties favoring hydrogen storage. Hydrogen desorption in many complex hydrides occurs above the transition temperature. Therefore, it is important to study the physical properties of the hydride compounds at ambient and high pressure and/or high temperature conditions, which can assist in the design of suitable storage materials with desired thermodynamic properties. The high pressure-temperature phase diagram, thermal expansion and compressibility have only been evaluated for a limited number of hydrides so far. This situation serves as a main motivation for studying such properties of a number of technologically important hydrides. Focus of this dissertation was on X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy studies of Mg2FeH6, Ca(BH4)2, Mg(BH4)2, NaBH4, NaAlH4, LiAlH4, LiNH2BH3 and mixture of MgH2 with AlH3 or Si, at different conditions of pressure and temperature, to obtain their bulk modulus and thermal expansion coefficient. These data are potential source of information regarding inter-atomic forces and also serve as a basis for developing theoretical models. Some high pressure phases were identified for the complex hydrides in this study which may have better hydrogen storage properties than the ambient phase. The results showed that the highly compressible B-H or Al-H bonds and the associated bond disordering under pressure is responsible for phase transitions observed in brorohydrides or alanates. Complex hydrides exhibited very high compressibility suggesting possibility to destabilize them with pressure. With high capacity and favorable thermodynamics, complex hydrides are suitable for reversible storage. Further studies are required to overcome the kinetic barriers in complex hydrides by catalytic addition. A comparative study of the hydride properties with that of the constituting metal, and their inter relationships were carried out with many interesting features.
Australian secondary school principals', parents', and students' attitudes to prescribed school footwear guidelines

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Adolescents are often required to wear footwear that adheres to uniform guidelines at secondary school. There is a paucity of literature on factors influencing school footwear choice and what drives the development of school footwear guidelines. The aims of this study were to describe (i) current school footwear guidelines in secondary schools across Australia, (ii) factors that influence footwear choice in secondary school students and their parents, and (iii) principals, parents, and students' beliefs on factors which contribute to school footwear guidelines. Methods An online survey was distributed to principals, secondary school students (aged 14–19 years) and their parents across Australia. The survey included questions on current school footwear guidelines, factors influencing footwear choice (for students and parents), participants beliefs on the effect footwear has on musculoskeletal health, current and previous lower limb pain, and beliefs on factors that contribute to school footwear guidelines. Parent and student responses to factors that influence their footwear choice were compared using proportional odds logistic regression. Students and parents' responses to factors influencing footwear guidelines were compared to principal responses using proportional odds logistic regression. Significance was set at an alpha of < 0.05. Results Eighty principals, 153 parents and 120 secondary school students responded to the survey. 96% (77/80) of principals reported that their schools have set guidelines for school footwear. 88% of principals considered comfort to be important when developing school footwear guidelines. Proportional odds logistics regression showed that parents and students were 3.4 and 4.9 times more likely, respectively, than principals to rate comfort as being important when schools develop footwear guidelines. More than 40% of students reported experiencing musculoskeletal pain, and 70% of these students reported the pain to be exacerbated when in their school shoes. Less than a third of participants considered healthcare recommendations important to the development of footwear guidelines. Conclusions Nearly all principals that participated in this survey had set guidelines for school footwear. There is a discord between parents, students, and principals on the importance that factors such as comfort, play in the development of school footwear guidelines.
Application of High-Dimensional Propensity Score Methods to the National Health and Aging Trends Study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background High-dimensional propensity scoring (HDPS) is a method for empirically identifying potential confounders within large healthcare databases such as administrative claims data. However, this method has not yet been applied to large national health surveys such as the National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS), an ongoing nationally representative survey of older adults in the United States and important resource in gerontology research. Methods In this Research Practice article, we present an overview of HDPS and describe the specific data transformation steps and analytic considerations needed to apply it to national health surveys. We applied HDPS within NHATS to investigate the association between self-reported visual difficulty and incident dementia, comparing HDPS to conventional confounder selection methods. Results Among 7 207 dementia-free NHATS Wave 1 respondents, 528 (7.3%) had self-reported visual difficulty. In an unadjusted discrete time proportional hazards model accounting for the complex survey design of NHATS, self-reported visual difficulty was strongly associated with incident dementia (odds ratio [OR] 2.34, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.95–2.81). After adjustment for standard investigator-selected covariates via inverse probability weighting, the magnitude of this association decreased, but evidence of an association remained (OR 1.44, 95% CI: 1.11–1.85). Adding 75 HDPS-prioritized variables to the investigator-selected propensity score model resulted in further attenuation of the association between visual impairment and dementia (OR 0.94, 95% CI: 0.70–1.23). Conclusions HDPS can be successfully applied to national health surveys such as NHATS and may improve confounder adjustment. We hope developing this framework will encourage future consideration of HDPS in this setting.
Event-free survival following early endometrial events in breast cancer patients treated with anti-hormonal therapy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Tamoxifen, an anti-estrogen agent that can suppress breast cancer, has been reported to increase endometrium-related adverse events. There are no guidelines for screening tamoxifen-treated patients for endometrial disease. We analyzed nationwide claims data related to endometrial diseases to investigate patterns of endometrial disease in breast cancer patients who underwent hormonal treatment. We sourced claims data from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service in South Korea. Patients who made their first claim for an anti-hormonal agent between January 1, 2010 and December 31, 2012 were enrolled retrospectively. We analyzed patient characteristics and all claims related to endometrial disease, stratified by prescribed hormonal agents. Among a total of 32,496 enrolled patients, 19,603 used tamoxifen only and 10,101 were treated with an aromatase inhibitor (AI) alone. Endometrial events occurred in 15.4% (3028/19603) of the tamoxifen-only patients and 2.0% (201/10101) of the AI-only group. In patients diagnosed with breast cancer at the age of 50 or older, the hazard ratio (HR) of endometrial malignancy in the tamoxifen-only group compared to the AI-only group was 4.13 (95% CI 1.404–12.159, P = .010). The HR of curettage in the tamoxifen-only group was 31.0 (95% CI 19.668–48.831, P <.001). The occurrence of endometrial events among tamoxifen-treated breast cancer patients was higher than in patients treated with only AI, similar to previous studies. However, the HR of curettage was uniquely high, despite its invasiveness. Guidelines for screening endometrial disease and improvements of healthcare policy are required to appropriately manage high-risk patients.
Penerapan Metode Lean Project Management Dalam Perencanaan Proyek Smart Shopping Scanner Di PT. ABC

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

In this era, technology is developing very rapidly in various sectors ranging from industry, health, education, retail, and various other sectors. The development of technology is linear with human needs that must be met quickly, easily, and practically. A sector that can fulfill human needs is the trade sector. Currently, the trade sector is one of the sectors that is highly developed along with the trend of online shopping. Although online shopping is currently very popular, it does not mean that offline shopping is necessarily abandoned. Conventional payment systems usually require customers to queue at the cashier to make payments after choosing grocery items. Therefore, there is a need for technological innovation that can overcome this. The solution to overcome these problems is by planning to create a Smart Shopping Scanner machine by considering lean project management. Based on the results of the research that has been done, the application of the Lean Project Management method to the Smart Shopping Scanner project planning at PT ABC has resulted in significant improvements. Reduction of project completion time by 33.33%, reduction of component inventory value by 40%, and improvement of team communication by 66.67% show the effectiveness of this method in overcoming waste and increasing efficiency.
Lumbar reservoir for intrathecal chemotherapy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The Ommaya ventricular reservoir has been the standby of intrathecal chemotherapy for more than a decade, in spite of some specific drawbacks. A general anaesthetic is often required. The scalp must be shaven. Ventricular puncture may not always be easy and keeping the ventricular catheter patent is sometimes difficult. Hence the author has adapted a commercially available lumbar peritoneal shunt system to function as a lumbar intrathecal reservoir. The procedure is simple and can be performed expeditiously under local anaesthesia. To date, eight cases have received intrathecal chemotherapy by this means.
System Codesign for the Measurement of Biological Tissues using Surface Potential Data Analysis

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract In this work we present the development of a monitoring system that is targeted to track the data of electrical potential measurements in biological tissues. The system is conceived to be portable and its design allows for low-energy consumption. To account for different types of biological materials, the measurement of the bioimpedance of the material is generally used. To achieve both speed and accuracy, we deploy a system using hardware-software codesign with reconfigurable hardware. This integral approach is facilitated by the use of a modern system of chip with mixed signal capabilities. In particular we use a field programmable gate array for accelerating signal processing and data acquisition. A double core microcontroller is used to collect, process and deliver the data over a networked environment.
Facing the challenges of expansion in the European Union

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine challenges and opportunities that occurred in the Polish ultra‐high temperature (UHT) milk market after Poland entered the European Union. Design/methodology/approach Through an in‐depth analysis of the Polish UHT market and by interpreting statistical data, this paper analyzes the retailing, production, and distribution channels, branding, and potential changes in the marketing perspective of the UHT market in Poland. To understand the nature of the market, this paper employs a marketing science method, marketing persistence analysis, to explore the relationship of short‐term marketing efforts and long‐term market response in Polish UHT milk market. Findings Based on empirical testing of ten Polish brands, results show that the UHT milk market in Poland presents marketing persistence, which means that short‐term marketing efforts can generate long‐term revenue effects. Research limitations/implications If marketing spending data are available, causality tests can be performed to see what are most effective marketing means (e.g. TV advertising or sale promotion) in Polish dairy markets. Practical implications Combining the empirical findings with the facts that previous marketing activities in Poland are relatively low, and it is now a historic transition for Poland after joining the homogenous market of Europe, the authors suggest that existing marketers increase the marketing investment to strengthen brands, gain market share, and build long‐term customer relationships. International marketers also have good opportunities now to enter Polish UHT markets through intensive marketing campaigns. Originality/value This study is the first attempt to apply marketing science techniques to examine the Polish market and the findings enable both academic researchers and industrial practitioners to understand this market better and explore its potential business opportunities.
Impact of FecB Mutation on Ovarian DNA Methylome in Small-Tail Han Sheep

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Booroola fecundity (FecB) gene, a mutant of bone morphogenetic protein 1B (BMPR-1B) that was discovered in Booroola Merino, was the first prolificacy gene identified in sheep related to increased ovulation rate and litter size. The mechanism of FecB impact on reproduction is unclear. Methods: In this study, adult Han ewes with homozygous FecB(B)/FecB(B) mutations (Han BB group) and ewes with FecB(+)/FecB(+) wildtype (Han ++ group) were selected. Methylated DNA immunoprecipitation and high-throughput sequencing (MeDIP-seq) was used to identify differences in methylated genes in ovary tissue. Results: We examined differences in DNA methylation patterns between HanBB and Han ++ sheep. In both sheep, methylated reads were mainly distributed at the gene body regions, CpG islands and introns. The differentially methylated genes were enriched in neurotrophy in signaling pathway, Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH) signaling pathway, Wnt signaling pathway, oocyte meiosis, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling pathway, etc. Differentially-methylated genes were co-analyzed with differentially-expressed mRNAs. Several genes which could be associated with female reproduction were identified, such as FOXP3 (forkhead box P3), TMEFF2 (Transmembrane Protein with EGF Like and Two Follistatin Like Domains 2) and ADAT2 (Adenosine Deaminase TRNA Specific 2). Conclusions: We constructed a MeDIP-seq based methylomic study to investigate the ovarian DNA methylation differences between Small-Tail Han sheep with homozygous FecB mutant and wildtype, and successfully identified FecB gene-associated differentially-methylated genes. This study has provided information with which to understand the mechanisms of FecB gene-induced hyperprolificacy in sheep.
Isolation, Identification and Growth of Enterobacter sakazakii in Powdered Infant Formula Milk

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Background: Enterobacter sakazakii has been associated with outbreaks of a rare form of infant meningitis, necrotizing entercolitis, bacteraemia and may cause death. Although the origin of the microorganism has not been established, several cases have been associated with the consumption of contaminated powdered infant formulae. The high mortality rate (40–80%) and severity of infection in immunocompromised infants, neonate of low birth weight and infants of HIV-positive mothers plus the lack of information about this organism led to this study of the prevalence of E. sakazakii in infant formula milk (IFM) available in the Malaysian market and some biological characterization of the organism. Methods: Isolation and identification of E. sakazakii in IFM was confirmed using a chromogenic media, rapid biochemical tests API20E and Microgen as well as Real-Time PCR. All presumptive E. sakazakii strains were also confirmed using 16S rDNA sequencing. The growth characteristics of three isolated E. sakazakii strains and type strain ATCC 51329 were evaluated at 4, 10, 25, 37, 45 and 50 °C. Results: The incidence varied from 0-33.3% in 72 samples evaluated from 6 different brands of IFM. E. sakazakii had a doubling time of 3.64 h and 29.92 min at 10 and 25 °C in reconstitute IFM respectively. Conclusion: The result of these study shows that E. sakazakii is prevalent in dried IFM in the Malaysian market and has a doubling time of 29.92 min in IFM at room temperature (25 °C). This is a cause of concern if IFM is being prepared and kept at that temperature for more than half an hour before feeding as it gives the opportunity for E. sakazakii to multiply in numbers and causing infection to the high risk group, i.e. infants and neonates.