jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A preliminary ontology for tracking certification systems

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This poster proposes a preliminary ontology for tracking 3rd party certification processes to support information interoperability in sustainable supply-chain as elaborated under the I-Choose research project. Using the Fairtrade International (FLO) standard and Flo-cert certification criteria as an example, this study contributes a set of preliminary ontological vocabularies that describe the connection of certification criteria and standards, the compliance criteria, and the measurements and restrictions for each compliance criterion. These vocabularies are involved in the decision process to certify or not certify a particular entity. This ontological framework will be useful in developing a global, interoperable data architecture for supply-chain information in which certification plays a major role.
Imprints of clustering in multiplicity fluctuations

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we investigate the multiplicity fluctuations of charged particles observed in high-energy nuclear collisions and relate them to the size of hadronizing systems which happen during such processes. We use the average multiplicities $\langle N\rangle $ and variances $Var\left(N\right)$ of multiplicity distributions of charged particles produced in centrality selected collisions of relativistic heavy-ion nuclei to evaluate the dynamic variable $Ω$ and study its dependence on the size of colliding nuclei. We connect the observed system-size dependence of multiplicity fluctuations with the clustering phenomena and the finiteness of the hadronizing sources and the thermal bath.
Temperature- and charge carrier density-dependent electronic response in methylammonium lead iodide

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Understanding carrier dynamics in photoexcited metal-halide perovskites is key for optoelectronic devices such as solar cells (low carrier densities) and lasers (high carrier densities). Trapping processes at low carrier densities and many-body recombination at high densities can significantly alter the dynamics of photoexcited carriers. Combining optical-pump/THz probe and transient absorption spectroscopy we examine carrier responses over a wide density range (10^14-10^19 cm-3) and temperatures (78-315K) in the prototypical methylammonium lead iodide perovskite. At densities below ~10^15 cm-3 (room temperature, sunlight conditions), fast carrier trapping at shallow trap states occurs within a few picoseconds. As excited carrier densities increase, trapping saturates, and the carrier response stabilizes, lasting up to hundreds of picoseconds at densities around ~10^17 cm-3. Above 10^18 cm-3 a Mott transition sets in: overlapping polaron wavefunctions lead to ultrafast annihilation through an Auger recombination process occurring over a few picoseconds. We map out trap-dominated, direct recombination-dominated, and Mott-dominated density regimes from 78-315 K, ultimately enabling the construction of an electronic phase diagram. These findings clarify carrier behavior across operational conditions, aiding material optimization for optoelectronics operating in the low (e.g. photovoltaics) and high (e.g. laser) carrier density regimes.
Posterior sampling with Adaptive Gaussian Processes in Bayesian parameter identification

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Posterior sampling by Monte Carlo methods provides a more comprehensive solution approach to inverse problems than computing point estimates such as the maximum posterior using optimization methods, at the expense of usually requiring many more evaluations of the forward model. Replacing computationally expensive forward models by fast surrogate models is an attractive option. However, computing the simulated training data for building a sufficiently accurate surrogate model can be computationally expensive in itself, leading to the design of computer experiments problem of finding evaluation points and accuracies such that the highest accuracy is obtained given a fixed computational budget. Here, we consider a fully adaptive greedy approach to this problem. Using Gaussian process regression as surrogate, samples are drawn from the available posterior approximation while designs are incrementally defined by solving a sequence of optimization problems for evaluation accuracy and positions. The selection of training designs is tailored towards representing the posterior to be sampled as good as possible, while the interleaved sampling steps discard old inaccurate samples in favor of new, more accurate ones. Numerical results show a significant reduction of the computational effort compared to just position-adaptive and static designs.
Global land reform experiences: A review for South Africa

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper reviews land reform in six emerging market economies with some similarities to South Africa, and in sub-Saharan African countries, which share a similar colonial history. While care needs to be taken when trying to transplant policies that have worked in other countries, the paper suggests a number of broad lessons. Land reform is a process, not an event: reform programmes need not be set out in full and written in stone at the outset. Particular reforms can be phased in over time in different parts of a country, rather than awaiting a grand design. It is neither necessary nor desirable to make a binary decision between state-led and market-assisted reforms; different approaches can advantageously be taken simultaneously. Markets are particularly important for post-reform success. Flexibility and pragmatism can lead to greater learning, improving effectiveness of reforms over time. Democratic politics are important, both in creating the demand for redistribution and in contributing to its success. Land reforms are generally unsuccessful unless accompanied by complementary support. Reforms can lead to broader growth, in part by creating the basis for an inclusive economy.
Quantitative Histology by Laser Scanning Cytometry

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The Laser Scanning Cytometer (LSC) is a relatively new class of instrument that combines features of both flow and image cytometry. The LSC is capable of measuring multicolor fluorescence, light scatter, and the location of cells fixed to a glass slide. It is capable of automatically measuring a large number of cells with data displayed in real time. In addition, cell location is recorded so that cells of interest can be relocated for morphological examination and classification. The LSC is capable of measuring a wide variety of sample types, including thin preps, cytospins, touch imprints, and tissue sections. In this brief review paper, the mechanics of laser scanning cytometry are examined along with potential applications to conventional histopathology. (The J Histotechnol 24:59, 2001)Submitted: September 9, 2000; Accepted with revisions: December 29, 2000
Enhanced Throttled Load Balancing for Virtual Machine Allocation in Multiple Data Centers

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

”Cloud computing” hosts software and other services in remote data centers that customers can access worldwide. The user may access all the services and applications online. The IT industry has benefited greatly from the proliferation of cloud computing. On the flip side, organizations moved their operations to the cloud as a result of industrial automation. A surge in demand for cloud computing was directly correlated to the quick migration of businesses. Businesses looking to minimize expenses without sacrificing service quality will find this approach to be ideal. Considering the meteoric rise of cloud computing, service providers are delighted. Contrarily, distributing resources is a challenging task. Cloud computing overcomes some of its most fundamental obstacles, one of which is the load-balancing approach employed by load-balancers to economically optimize costs while minimizing time expenditures. Quick services for cloud customers and minimal cost for cloud providers are the goals of the optimal resource allocation method. This research suggests a novel approach to increase task processing time, which can aid in increasing cloud computing’s load balancing capabilities. The proposed method Enhanced Throttled Load Balancing Algorithm (ETLBA) is an upgrade to the original Throttled Algorithm, which efficiently performs resource allocation and load balancing. The proposed ETLBA is contrasted with the existing algorithms, Round Robin, Active Monitoring Load Balancing Algorithm (AMLBA) and Throttled Load Balancing Algorithm (TLBA) to display the efficacy. Cloud Analyst tool simulates the proposed and existing methods. According on the results of the simulations, the proposed algorithm ETLBA achieves better outcomes than the popular existing algorithms in terms of processing time, request processing time, and datacenter cost. It shows 18% reduction in response time, 7% reduction in data center processing time, 16% reduction in data center request processing time and 4% less data center cost compared to the existing solutions. ETLBA performs better by selecting virtual machines using a prioritized indextable and consumption index. It limits idling resources, improves response as well as reduces processing times, and cloud costs compared to conventional solutions.
Calcification of the Peritoneum

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

CHLORAMPHENICOL IN STAPHYLOCOCCAL MENINGITISBrDIcrms 1069 the patient was symptomless and was, in fact, making persistent demands for permission to' get up.Intrathecal chloramphenicol was discontinued after six days, and oral therapy after 12 days.The results of three assays per- formed on the lumbar fluid are shown in the Table .The patient maintained uninterrupted progress and was allowed to get up.
Atmospheric absorption during the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Enhanced Shortwave Experiment

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract. The objectives of the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) program Enhanced Shortwave Experiment (ARESE) are to directly measure clear and cloudy sky shortwave atmospheric absorption, and to quantify any absorption found in excess of model predictions. We undertake detailed model comparisons to near infrared and total solar flux timeseries observed by surface and airborne radiometric instruments during the ARESE campaign. Model clear sky absorption biases generally fall within the range of uncertainty generated by sample size, and assumptions of aerosol properties and surface albedo. Direct measurements by stacked aircraft on the overcast day of October 30, 1995 confirm the detection of enhanced cloud shortwave absorption during ARESE. The detection is substantiated by, and consistent with, three independent measures of cloudy sky absorption estimated in previous studies: cloud forcing ratio, insolation forcing ratio, and albedo/transmission slope. A significant portion of the enhanced absorption occurs at visible wavelengths. Collocated measurements of liquid water path (LWP) suggest the magnitude of the enhanced absorption increases with LWP. 1.
Triangular Ditch of Fastest Infiltration into Porous Substratum

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Surface water impoundment in an unlined triangular ditch during a single managed aquifer recharge (MAR) infiltration pulse lasts for time Te, after which all initially disposed water seeps into a homogenous isotropic coarse soil. In ditches with initial water W0 with depth H0 and length L, the dyad (W0,H0) vanishes at t→Te. The ditch slope that minimizes an objective function involving a linear combination of Te, W0, and H0 with arbitrary cost coefficients was found. The analytical expression for Te as a function of the bank slope and the sand's porosity is for soils without capillarity and mild bank slopes. An isoperimetric constraint in optimization is the volume of the water pulse released into the ditch. A global unique minimum exists if the coefficients factoring W0 and H0 are not identically zero. A numerical solution to a two-dimensional infiltration problem was obtained using HYDRUS 2D/3D and its reservoir boundary condition option for arbitrary soils and bank slopes. Optimal slopes of triangular ditches were found for an initially dry loam. The analytical and numerical optimal shapes were not sensitive to mild variations of the ditch slope.
How Grammar Links Concepts

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The proposed framework of concept linking combines insights of construction grammar with those of traditional functional descriptions to explain particularly challenging but often neglected areas of English grammar such as negation, modality, adverbials and non-finite constructions. To reach this goal the idea of a unified network of constructions is replaced by the triad of verb-mediated constructions, attribution and scope-based perspectivizing, each of them understood as a syntactically effective concept-linking mechanism in its own right, but involved in interfaces with the other mechanisms.In addition, concept linking supplies a novel approach to early child language. It casts fresh light on widely accepted descriptions of early two-word utterances and verb islands in usage-based models of language acquisition and encourages a new view of children's 'mistakes'.Intended readership: Constructionist and cognitive linguists; linguists and psychologists interested in language acquisition; teachers and students of English grammar and grammar in general.
Characterization of Maize Acetyl-Coenzyme A Carboxylase.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Maize (Zea mays L.) leaf acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase) was purified about 500-fold by ammonium sulfate fractionation and gel filtration and blue Sepharose affinity and anion-exchange chromatography. Most ACCase activity (85%) recovered from the anion-exchange column was found in a highly purified fraction (specific activity 5.5 [mu]mol acid-stable product min-1 mg-1) that consisted primarily of a single 227-kD biotinylated polypeptide. The fraction represented 29% of the original activity and was designated ACCase I. A second partially purified ACCase activity (ACCase II) eluted earlier during anion-exchange chromatography, contained a single biotinylated polypeptide of 219 kD, was poorly recognized by antiserum raised against the ACCase I polypeptide, and was less inhibited by the herbicides haloxyfop or sethoxydim than was ACCase I. ACCase I and II both utilized propionyl-CoA as substrate about 50% as effectively as acetyl-CoA, and neither utilized methylcrotonyl-CoA. Immunoprecipitation with antiserum and protein blotting of crude extracts of leaf, embryo, and endosperm tissue and suspension cells indicated that most ACCase activity in these tissues was immunologically similar and consisted of ACCase I. Only leaves contained significant amounts of the ACCase II polypeptide; however, no ACCase II polypeptide was found in isolated mesophyll chloroplasts. The ACCase I and II polypeptides appear to be subunits of distinct ACCase isoforms.
Interval analysis applied to re-entry flight trajectory optimization

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Trajectory optimization is an essential part of space plane mission design. One important aspect of trajectory optimization for re-entry vehicles is to minimize the total heat load at the surface when it returns and the heat flux should remain below certain limit, meanwhile, the vehicle should land at the desired point. The methods used for re-entry trajectory optimization is quite successful by now. However, if the model is non-linear, such as the reentry vehicle, by using the classical optimization method, we can only find the local minimum and the global minimum is never guaranteed. An innovative way of finding the global minimum heat load for the trajectory design is introduced, namely the interval analysis for global optimization. In this thesis, the basic concept of the interval arithmetic is introduced. The main idea of the interval arithmetic is to use small intervals for the calculation instead of numbers. As the interval algorithm has a characteristics to check all the numbers within the interval and contain all the feasible solutions, guaranteed global optimum can be found eventually. In this report, interval method is used in both static global optimization and dynamic global optimization problem. The application to interval analysis to static optimization problem is very successful. However, although the application to interval analysis to dynamic system can successfully find the global optimum, the interval global optimization method still suffer greatly for the dependency problem, the wrapping effect, and huge number of feasible solutions. We apply the interval algorithm to find a guaranteed global minimum total heat load for reentry flight trajectory design, find the difficulties and give recommendations for improvements. This thesis serves as a feasibility study using interval analysis for non-linear trajectory optimization of re-entry vehicles.
Architecture of ultrafast optical packet switching ring network

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper describes the architecture and technical implementation issues of the ultra fast optical packet switching ring network. The technical features of the proposed network are the use of ultrafast optical packets generated by packet compression, ring topology, and out-of-band transmission of the packet control signals. Using present techniques, it is possible to construct a network that is capable of transporting ultrafast optical packets with low delay and guaranteed bandwidth to some packets. Network performance attributes such as scalability, packet delay, and required buffer size are calculated, and implementation issues for realizing optical packet transmission hardware are discussed. Attention is paid to the synchronization in bit/packet phase between packets traversing a ring fiber. A bit/packet phase synchronous system is successfully shown to offer 40 Gb/s, 4000 bit optical packet switching through the use of 2/spl times/2 high-speed electrooptic switches.
Article Dielectric properties of carbon-nanotube/amino-functionalized poly(arylene ether ketone) composites

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Novel a-MWNTs/NH2PAEKK nanocomposite, with a high dielectric constant, low dielectric loss and high breakdown field, were prepared to use a solution blending technique. The uniform dispersion of a-MWNTs in the NH2PAEKK matrix was realized. The dielectric constant of percolating nanocomposites (the a-MWNTs volume fraction of 0.09) was as high as 60 at 103 Hz, it was about 20 times larger than the dielectric constant of NH2PAEKK, and the breakdown field was near 41.4 MV m1. For fa-MWNTs &lt; fc, the dielectric loss of a-MWNTs/NH2PAEKK nanocomposite was always less than 1. The nanocomposites had tensile strength of 69.2 MPa and tensile modulus of 3.0 GPa.
Stem characteristics of two forage maize (Zea mays L.) cultivars varying in whole plant digestibility. IV. Changes during the growing season in anatomy and chemical composition in relation to fermentation characteristics of a lower internode

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Improving digestibility of forage maize (Zea mays L.) through breeding is important to optimize the efficiency of ruminant's rations. It can partly be achieved by improving the digestibility of stem tissue, a genetically complex and diverse trait changing drastically during the growing season. We tried to gain insight into this trait by analysing the changes during the growing season in the anatomy, chemical composition and fermentation characteristics of a lower internode (internode 7) of two forage maize cultivars differing in whole plant digestibility. These two cultivars, known to differ in digestibility, were grown in the Netherlands for two growing seasons. Cell wall thickness of the sclerenchyma tissue in the rind of internode 7 increased linearly with the temperature sum until reaching final cell wall thickness several days before anthesis. Volens, the less digestible cultivar, had a higher final cell wall thickness than Vitaro, the cultivar with a better digestibility. Chemical analyses included determination of NDF, ADF, ADL, crude protein, sugar content, and ash. Lignin content increased until shortly after anthesis in both cultivars, in both years. Lignin content was higher for Volens than for Vitaro and higher in 2000 than in 1999. Crude protein content decreased from 15–21% in early July to 2–5% in late September with no clear differences between cultivars or years. Fermentation characteristics showed that maximum gas production of cell wall components was highest immediately before anthesis and subsequently decreased. At all stages of development, Vitaro had a higher maximum gas production than Volens. The cultivar differences in digestibility could not be confirmed by differences in rate of cell wall disappearance. Seasonal changes showed an increase in fermentable cell wall material until anthesis; thereafter fermentability decreased. Differences in cell wall thickness and in lignin content reflected the changes in digestibility during the growing season best; the differences between the two contrasting cultivars were best reflected by the differences in cell wall thickness, lignin content and the decline of the potential digestibility in the period before anthesis
[123I]-Meta-Iodobenzylguanidine Scintigraphy in Sarcoidosis: Exploring Cardiac Autonomic Dysfunction in Patients with Unexplained Cardiac Symptoms

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background/Objectives: Sarcoidosis is a systemic inflammatory disease that can cause cardiac autonomic dysfunction (SCAD), often underrecognized despite its clinical importance. While [18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography ([18F]FDG PET/CT) and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) assess cardiac involvement, [123I]-meta-iodinebenzylguanidine ([123I]MIBG) scintigraphy evaluates cardiac sympathetic innervation, offering complementary insights to potentially improve SCAD detection and management. This retrospective study explores the role of [123I] MIBG scintigraphy in detecting SCAD among patients with unexplained cardiac symptoms. It focuses on its potential to provide complementary diagnostic information in patients where established imaging techniques, such as [18F]FDG PET/CT and CMR, fail to detect cardiac sarcoidosis. Methods: Sarcoidosis patients referred to the St. Antonius Hospital (2017–2024) who underwent [123I]MIBG scintigraphy were included. Collected data encompassed demographics, SCAD symptoms, cardiac imaging findings, and carvedilol treatment outcomes. [123I] MIBG abnormalities were defined as a heart-to-mediastinal ratio ≤1.6 or a washout rate ≥20%. Results: Among the final cohort of 40 sarcoidosis patients with unexplained cardiac symptoms and normal [18F]FDG PET/CT and CMR findings, 19 patients (48%) showed abnormal [123I] MIBG scintigraphy results suggestive of SCAD. No significant differences were observed in clinical characteristics between patients with normal and abnormal [123I]MIBG findings. Of the 16 patients treated with carvedilol, 88% reported symptom improvement, although 50% experienced side effects. Conclusions: [123I]MIBG scintigraphy revealed abnormalities in a substantial number of sarcoidosis patients with unexplained cardiac symptoms despite normal [18F]FDG PET/CT and CMR. These findings indicate a potential role for [123I]MIBG in detecting SCAD, but prospective studies are needed to confirm their clinical significance.