jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Bulk Lorentz factors of gamma-ray bursts

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Knowledge of the bulk Lorentz factor Γ0 of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) allows us to compute their comoving frame properties shedding light on their physics. Upon collisions with the circumburst matter, the fireball of a GRB starts to decelerate, producing a peak or a break (depending on the circumburst density profile) in the light curve of the afterglow. Considering all bursts with known redshift and with an early coverage of their emission, we find 67 GRBs (including one short event) with a peak in their optical or GeV light curves at a time tp. For another 106 GRBs we set an upper limit tpUL. The measure of tp provides the bulk Lorentz factor Γ0 of the fireball before deceleration. We show that tp is due to the dynamics of the fireball deceleration and not to the passage of a characteristic frequency of the synchrotron spectrum across the optical band. Considering the tp of 66 long GRBs and the 85 most constraining upper limits, we estimate Γ0 or a lower limit Γ0LL. Using censored data analysis methods, we reconstruct the most likely distribution of tp. All tp are larger than the time Tp,γ when the prompt γ-ray emission peaks, and are much larger than the time Tph when the fireball becomes transparent, that is, tp>Tp,γ>Tph. The reconstructed distribution of Γ0 has median value ~300 (150) for a uniform (wind) circumburst density profile. In the comoving frame, long GRBs have typical isotropic energy, luminosity, and peak energy ⟨ Eiso ⟩ = 3(8) × 1050 erg, ⟨ Liso ⟩ = 3(15) × 1047 erg s-1, and ⟨ Epeak ⟩ = 1(2) keV in the homogeneous (wind) case. We confirm that the significant correlations between Γ0 and the rest frame isotropic energy (Eiso), luminosity (Liso), and peak energy (Ep) are not due to selection effects. When combined, they lead to the observed Ep−Eiso and Ep−Liso correlations. Finally, assuming a typical opening angle of 5 degrees, we derive the distribution of the jet baryon loading which is centered around a few 10-6M⊙.
AN ERGODIC THEORY OF CONSCIOUSNESS

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

It has been suggested that the properties of "integration" and "differentiation" are necessary for the emergence of consciousness. We present a dynamical system model that is based on these two conditions. The collection of neurons are partitioned into clusters on which we define a map that reflects the communication between clusters. Such a map displays the forward and backward circuitry between clusters in a probabilistic manner. The presence of "re-entry" guarantees that the map is sufficiently complex, that is, nonlinear and chaotic, to possess numerous invariant sets of clusters, which are referred to as agglomerations. We suggest that an agglomeration that is mixing characterizes a conscious state. The model establishes a theoretical framework that may structure and encourage experimental work.
Induced mandibular condylar growth in a sheep model after functional appliance treatment

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Abstract This paper reports on changes in mandibular condylar growth in sheep fitted with experimental functional appliances. The paper also addresses the similarities of mandibular condylar growth in sheep and humans. Experimental functional appliances were developed, constructed and applied to four, four-month old, male sheep. Another four sheep served as matched controls. All animals received fluorochrome bone labels during the study and their weight gain also was recorded. Fifteen weeks later, all animals were sacrificed and each temporo-mandibular joint and left metacarpus were removed. Undecalcified mid-sagittal sections of the joint and metacarpus were prepared for fluorescence microscopy. The mandibular condylar growth vector in sheep was found to be in a postero-superior direction. Condylar growth in the control sheep during the experimental period varied from 8.8 to 11.9 mm, with the mean being 10.6 mm, which is quantitatively similar to two years of condylar growth in human adolescents. In the experimental sheep, the condylar growth varied from 8.5 to 13.3 mm, with the mean being 11.4 mm. When metacarpal growth and weight gain were taken into consideration using multivariant analysis, the coefficients for growth in the postero-superior and posterior direction were found to be high, with adjusted r2 as 0.84 and 0.82 respectively. The induced condylar growth was estimated to be largest in the posterior direction (2.30 mm), which is also similar to previous reports in humans. These findings suggest the appropriateness of using sheep as a model for quantitative histological analysis when investigating the mechanisms of functional appliance treatment.
The Evolution of Job Insecurity in Spatial Contexts in Europe During COVID-19 Pandemic

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Unemployment caused by the COVID-19 pandemic is of the utmost importance for governing bodies worldwide. Its constant increase during the last months is subject of major concern for both citizens and policy makers, as individuals might experience increased feelings of job insecurity due to the pandemic context and to the latest developments on the job market. Job insecurity refers to a perceived threat to the continuity and stability of employment as it is currently experienced and has a negative impact on the individuals’ quality of life. Many researches have linked job insecurity with low levels of well-being and high levels of stress, as well as local or national measures taken in job creation and job retention. Aside from individual factors, there are other critical influences that should be considered in order to better understand the dynamics of job insecurity against the COVID-19 pandemic. Such influences can come from regional features such as spatial, economic, or demographic characteristics, like gender, age, or education. The aim of the paper is to identify and spatially represent the variations and evolution of job insecurity during the on-going pandemic. Our analyses are based on the PsyCorona database (15.311 participants), a study with self-reported data deployed in countries all around the world, that monitored various psychological variables during the first pandemic waves. For the purpose of this research, data related to the first wave (March-July 2020) was selected. In order to get a better understanding of the spatial distribution of self-reported job insecurity, we chose to focus on eight European countries (France, Germany, Netherlands, United Kingdom, Greece, Romania, Spain, and Italy). Respondents from Western Europe countries expressed lower scores on self-reported job insecurity and less variance over time while those from Southern and Eastern Europe displayed higher scores for job insecurity and more variance. Moreover, we found that the higher the overall job insecurity is perceived in a country, the higher the discrepancies between age, gender, and education categories tend to be.
Force‐regulated chaperone activity of BiP/ERdj3 is opposite to their homologs DnaK/DnaJ

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Polypeptide chains experience mechanical tension while translocating through cellular tunnels, which are subsequently folded by molecular chaperones. However, interactions between tunnel‐associated chaperones and these emerging polypeptides under force is not completely understood. Our investigation focused on mechanical chaperone activity of two tunnel‐associated chaperones, BiP and ERdj3 both with and without mechanical constraints and comparing them with their cytoplasmic homologs: DnaK and DnaJ. While BiP/ERdj3 have been observed to exhibit robust foldase activity under force, DnaK/DnaJ showed holdase function. Importantly, the tunnel‐associated chaperones (BiP/ERdj3) transitioned to a holdase state in the absence of force, indicating a force‐dependent chaperone behavior. This chaperone‐driven folding event in the tunnel generated an additional mechanical energy of up to 54 zJ, potentially aiding protein translocation. Our findings align with strain theory, where chaperones with higher intrinsic deformability act as mechanical foldases (BiP, ERdj3), while those with lower deformability serve as holdases (DnaK and DnaJ). This study thus elucidates the differential mechanically regulated chaperoning activity and introduces a novel perspective on co‐translocational protein folding.
A simulated driver seat for remote control of ground robot

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

With the continuous advancement in technology computing age, more electronic gadgets and software have become readily available to deal with practical issues in our everyday life. Compared to the 19th century era, there are more open source hardware and software are being developed where one can conveniently experience and develop innovative ideas. Remote controlled car is one example of how technology has progressed. From young children to adult, many have experienced the fun in playing with a remote controlled (RC) car. However, one may wonder how will it be like if the controller is a driver seat set rather than a normal joystick controller? It not just creates a sense of realism of driving a car but also brings back the memories of what it feels like driving a car, especially for the old and aged. For these individuals, a conventional steering wheel with accelerator and brake pedals may be a more intuitive form of interface. The goal of this project is to build a driver seat simulator for user to experience the realism in driving a remote ground vehicle
Arc Length Just Before Extinction of Break Arcs Magnetically Blown-Out by an Appropriately Placed Permanent Magnet in a 200V-500VDC/10A Resistive Circuit

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Silver electrical contacts were separated at constant opening speed in a 200V-500VDC/10A resistive circuit. Break arcs were extinguished by magnetic blowing-out with transverse magnetic field of a permanent magnet. The permanent magnet was appropriately located to simplify the lengthened shape of the break arcs. Magnetic flux density of the transverse magnetic field was varied from 20 to 140mT. Images of the break arcs were observed from the horizontal and vertical directions using two high speed cameras simultaneously. Arc length just before extinction was analyzed from the observed images. It was shown that shapes of the break arcs were simple enough to trace the most part of paths of the break arcs for all experimental conditions owing to simplification of the shapes of the break arcs by appropriate arrangement of the magnet. The arc length increased with increasing supply voltage and decreased with increasing magnetic flux density. These results will be discussed in the view points of arc lengthening time and arc lengthening velocity.
Physical Origin and Dispersion of Radioiodine

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

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Optimization of Dielectric-Metal Multilayer Structure for Color-Preserving Radiative Cooling Window

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Radiative cooling window has been designed to emit infrared radiation in the atmospheric transparency window and reflects near-infrared light while allowing visible light to pass through. However, improvements are still needed in the transmissivity of visible light, the reflectivity of near-infrared light, and emissivity of mid-infrared spectra. This paper proposes a color-preserving radiative cooling window consisting of a multilayer film as a transparent near-infrared reflector and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) as a thermal emitter. This design involves optimizing the types of film materials, the number of layers, and the thicknesses of the films through a genetic algorithm. The performance of multilayer films with various layer numbers is compared, and we choose 7-layer multilayer film (Al2O3/Ag/Al2O3/Ag/Al2O3/Ag/Al2O3) as the transparent near-infrared reflector. Then, we analyze its spectral characteristics in depth. Sequentially, we place a 100-μm-thick PDMS as a thermal emitter above the transparent near-infrared reflector. By combining the transparent near-infrared reflector with the PDMS and utilizing genetic algorithm, a color-preserving radiative cooling window has been achieved with flat and broadband average visible transmittance (86%), high average near-infrared reflectance (86%), high average thermal emissivity (95%) in the atmospheric window, and the drop of temperature (22.3, 21.2, and 15.8 K when nonradiative heat coefficient is, respectively, 0, 6, and 12 W/m2/K).
Recent decline in wage inequality and formalization of the labour market in Argentina

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Labour market conditions improved during the 2000s in Latin America, a process that included a reduction in the magnitude of informal employment. A decline of wage inequality was another feature of this period. Both dynamics were particularly intense in Argentina. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the role played by the process of formalization of the labour market that occurred in Argentina during that period on the reduction of income inequality, while additionally taking into account other factors that might have also contributed to such dynamics of income inequality. The method employed is a decomposition proposed by Firpo, Fortin and Lemieux, which allows extending the Oaxaca-Blinder approach to decompose some distributive statistics of income between a ‘composition effect’ and a ‘returns effect’. The study concludes that the process of increasing labour market formalization had an equalizing effect over the period, a finding that had not been emphasized in previous studies.
Control-oriented models for plasma magnetic confinement coils

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Nowadays there exist two main magnetic fusion devices topologies: tokamaks and stellarators. In the last years stellarators have shown to be a great alternative to tokamaks due to its ability to operate in continuous mode, which would allow a higher commercial profitability. In this kind of devices, the magnetic confinement is fully achieved by the coils, so that no plasma current is needed to confine. This involves the need of an appropriate real-time control of the stellarator coils. This work presents a simple control-oriented model for plasma magnetic confinement coils. The model is adjusted and validated by means of experimental data. Based on this model, a real-time predictive control scheme is implemented and compared with traditional controllers. Results show the validity of the proposed schemes.
Antibody Immune Responses to SARS-CoV-2 Peptides in COVID-19 Convalescent Patients

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Identifying immunogenic targets of SARS-CoV-2 is essential to develop novel treatments. The authors of the article studied humoral immune responses to spike (S) and nucleocapsid (N) SARS-CoV-2 proteins in serum from convalescent COVID-19 patients from Tatarstan, Russia. Multiple SARS-CoV-2 peptides were identified as reacting with convalescent COVID-19 serum. In addition, age and gender associated differences in the reactivity to S and N protein peptides were identified. Changing pattern of immunogenic peptide reactivity in COVID-19 serum based on age and gender was demonstrated. These data highlight how humoral immune responses to some of these peptides could contribute to SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis.
GEBCO Gridded Bathymetric Datasets for Mapping Japan Trench Geomorphology by Means of GMT Scripting Toolset

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The study investigated geomorphology of the Japan Trench located east of Japan, Pacific Ocean. A high-resolution GEBCO Gridded Bathymetric Dataset was used for modeling, mapping and visualization. The study aimed to compare and analyse variations in the geomorphic structures of the two parts of the trench and to visualize variations in the geological, geophysical and bathymetric settings. Technically, the cartographic work was performed using scripting based on the Generic Mapping Toolset (GMT). Modelled cross-sectioning orthogonal profiles transecting the trench in a perpendicular direction were automatically digitized and graphed in the two segments. The results of the bathymetric analysis shown that the southern part is shallower: with deeper values in absolute (139 samples between –7000 to –8000 m) and statistical records (the most frequent values are within –5500 to –5800 m) comparing to the northern segment (–5300 to –5500 m). The geomorphological analysis shows a more complicated relief in the northern part of the trench, which has a higher seismic activity. The southern part has a gentler slope on the Honshu island side. The geoid modeling along the trench ranges in 0–20 mGal. The highest values are recorded by the Honshu Island (>40 mGal). The rest of the area has rather moderate undulations (20–40 mGal). The free-air marine gravity of the Sea of Japan is <40 mGal. The results include 2D and 3D graphical models, thematic cartographic maps, spatial and statistical analysis of the Japan Trench geomorphology. Tested GMT functionality can be applied to future regional bathymetric modeling of the ocean trenches. All presented maps and graphs are made using GMT scripting toolset.
P32.03: Area of urogenital hiatus and severity of genital prolapse: is there any correlation?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The injury of the levator ani could be produced as a macrotrauma, an avulsion injury on ultrasound or as a microtrauma, with a hiatal distension of the levator on the ultrasound. The abnormal distensibility with Valsalva maneuver it's an independent prognostic factor for the development of a genital prolapse and the recurrence after the surgery. The objective of our study is to analyze if there's any correlation between the overdistension of the urogenital hiatus in Valsalva, measured by 4D ultrasound, and the degree of the genital prolapse. A retrospective analysis of clinical and ultrasound data of patients with genital prolapse in our hospital in 2008. ANOVA test was performed to study the correlation between the degree of genital prolapse and the ecographic hiatal area. Normal distribution of the variable area of the urogenital hiatus is checked using Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. We analyzed 215 patients whose degree of genital prolapse was classified based on Baden-Walker test from 0 to 4. The average area of the urogenital hiatus is 33,39cm2. If we calculate the mean of the hiatal area for each degree of genital prolapse and apply the ANOVA test, we note that this increases with increasing degree of prolapse, although the difference between categories 2 and 3 is small. The linear component of the test shows that there are significative differences between the groups and it means that the severity of prolapse increases the hiatal area linearly. With the ANOVA analysis it can't be obtained among which groups the difference is statistically significative. When we use the Tukey's test for multiple comparison, we note that the only statistically significative differences are among the group without genital prolapse and the groups with degree 2 or more. There are some discordances between symptoms and the prolapse degree objectified during clinical examination. The ultrasound could help us to discriminate which patients with an increased area of hiatus may benefit from surgery.
Surveillance Study of Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) Incidence in The Pekauman Health Center Work Area

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) is a disease with the highest incidence (1044 cases in 2021) in the work area of ​​Pekauman Health Center, Banjarmasin City. Acute Respiratory Infection disease surveillance activities need to be carried out to obtain an overview of the related factors so that a health promotion program can be planned to control the incidence of the disease. The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of ARI based on factors of age, gender, region, and trend of cases in a year. The results obtained that most ARI occurred in the age category ≥5 years (73.27%) and most of them were female (52%). The incidence of ARI per region is known to occur the most in Kelayan Selatan Village (29%) and the highest occurred in December 2021 (15.32%). It was concluded that in formulating health promotion programs, it could be focused on the age group 5 years, female, and mainly carried out in the Kelayan Selatan Sub-District, possibly before December. Keywords. Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI); age; gender; region
18F-FDG PET/CT in Labrune Syndrome

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract A 69-year-old woman presented with cognitive impairment related to attentive, executive, and mnemonic functions; progressive worsening of walking, speaking, writing, and reading ability; and double sphincter incontinence. Leukoencephalopathy, cystic lesions, and calcifications, suspected for Labrune syndrome, were observed at MRI and CT brain images. Generalized wave abnormalities were also visible at electroencephalogram. Functional brain imaging performed with 18 F-FDG PET/CT demonstrated a decreased glucose metabolism in impaired brain regions, in accordance with MRI findings. Genetic testing confirmed a mutation of SNORD118.
Application of seedball materials compositions on swamp jelutung (Dyera polyphylla (miq) Stennis) growth for peatland rehabilitation

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract The Indonesia peatland area is 22.4 million ha. Peatlands are susceptible to degradation when the hydrological conditions are disturbed, thus requiring land rehabilitation by selecting peatlands adaptive species. Swamp jelutung ( Dyera polyphylla ) is an adaptive plant species that grows in wetlands, it has breathing roots ( pneumatophore ) and grows in acidic soils. The first objective to explore and analyze of peatland rehabilitation literatures related to the native species and the second objective to analyze the composition of seedball materials effect on swamp jelutung germination. This literature review with bibliometric analysis using PublishOrPerish8 and Vos Viewer 1.6.20 versions. The seedball composition doses for peat soil: dolomite: clay: cocopeat: tapioca are sequentially 8:2:4:1:6, 8:2:2:1:8, 8:2:1:1:8, and 4:1:2:0:0. Vos viewer analysis presented 77 terms commonly used in the papers and linked with 6 clusters. There were 24 papers in 2024, but the research about seedball and jelutung species could not be found. The treatment of seedball material 4:1:2:0:0 has the best germination percentage (87.50%). The ANOVA results showed that there was significant effect of the seedball material composition on the parameters of germination percentage and seedling height, except the parameter mean germination time.