jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Tidal Marsh Susceptibility to Sea-Level Rise: Importance of Local-Scale Models

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Increasing concern over sea-level rise impacts to coastal tidal marsh ecosystems has led to modeling efforts to anticipate outcomes for resource management decision making. Few studies on the Pacific coast of North America have modeled sea-level rise marsh susceptibility at a scale relevant to local wildlife populations and plant communities. Here, we use a novel approach in developing an empirical sea-level rise ecological response model that can be applied to key management questions. Calculated elevation change over 13 y for a 324-ha portion of San Pablo Bay National Wildlife Refuge, California, USA, was used to represent local accretion and subsidence processes. Next, we coupled detailed plant community and elevation surveys with measured rates of inundation frequency to model marsh state changes to 2100. By grouping plant communities into low, mid, and high marsh habitats, we were able to assess wildlife species vulnerability and to better understand outcomes for habitat resiliency. Starting study-site conditions were comprised of 78% (253-ha) high marsh, 7% (30-ha) mid marsh, and 4% (18-ha) low marsh habitats, dominated by pickleweed Sarcocornia pacifica and cordgrass Spartina spp. Only under the low sea-level rise scenario (44 cm by 2100) did our models show persistence of some marsh habitats to 2100, with the area dominated by low marsh habitats. Under mid (93 cm by 2100) and high sea-level rise scenarios (166 cm by 2100), most mid and high marsh habitat was lost by 2070, with only 15% (65 ha) remaining, and a complete loss of these habitats by 2080. Low marsh habitat increased temporarily under all three sea-level rise scenarios, with the peak (286 ha) in 2070, adding habitat for the endemic endangered California Ridgway’s rail Rallus obsoletus obsoletus. Under mid and high sea-level rise scenarios, an almost complete conversion to mudflat occurred, with most of the area below mean sea level. Our modeling assumed no marsh migration upslope due to human levee and infrastructure preventing these types of processes. Other modeling efforts done for this area have projected marsh persistence to 2100, but our modeling effort with site-specific datasets allowed us to model at a finer resolution with much higher local confidence, resulting in different results for management. Our results suggest that projected sea-level rise will have significant impacts on marsh plant communities and obligate wildlife, including those already under federal and state protection. Comprehensive modeling as done here improves the potential to implement adaptive management strategies and prevent marsh habitat and wildlife loss in the future.
Texts in context: critical dialogues on significant episodes in American political rhetoric: with newly-edited speech texts by Anna E. Dickinson and by Martin Luther King, Jr

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Contents: Preface. R.L. Scott, Foreword: Against Rhetorical Theory: Tripping to Serendip. Part I: Current Views of Public Address. D. Zarefsky, The State of the Art in Public Address Scholarship. M.J. Medhurst, Public Address and Significant Scholarship: Four Challenges to the Rhetorical Renaissance. J.A. Aune, Public Address and Rhetorical Theory. Part II: Six Case Studies. S.H. Browne, Burke's Speech on Conciliation: The Pragmatic Basis of Rhetorical Judgment. J.L. Lucaites, Burke's Speech on Conciliation as Oppositional Discourse. K.K. Campbell, La Pucelle D'Orleans Becomes an American Girl: Anna Dickinson's W. Linkugel, R. Rowland, Response to Karlyn Kohrs Campbell's Anna E. Dickinson's Jeanne D'Arc: Divergent Views. R.L. Ivie, Metaphor and Motive in the Johnson Administration's Vietnam War Rhetoric. B. Brummett, Some Burkean Roads Not Taken: Response to Ivie. M. Osborn, Been to the Mountaintop: The Critic as Participant. J.W. Wenzel, A Dangerous Unselfishness: Martin Luther King, Jr.'s Speech at Memphis, April 3, 1968: Response to Osborn. J.R. Cox, The Fulfillment of Time: King's I Have a Dream Speech (August 28, 1963). R. Hariman, Time and the Reconstitution of Gradualism in King's Address: Response to Cox. C.M. Condit, Nixon's Fund: Time as Ideological Resource in the Checkers Speech. T.B. Farrell, The Carnival as Confessional: Re-reading the Figurative Dimension in Nixon's 'Checkers' Speech. Part III: Epilogue. D.P. Gaonkar, Epilogue The Oratorical Text: The Enigma of Arrival. Part IV: Two Newly-Edited Speech Texts. A.E. Dickinson, Jeanne D'Arc. M.L. King, Jr., I've Been to the Mountaintop.
ChemInform Abstract: An Enantioselective Synthesis of (2S,3S)‐ and (2R,3S)‐3‐Hydroxyleucine.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Exploring Coordination Models for Ad Hoc Programming Teams

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Software development is a complex task with inherently interdependent sub-components. Prior work on crowdsourcing software engineering has addressed this problem by performing an a priori decomposition of the task into well-defined microtasks that individual crowd workers can complete independently. Alternatively, ad hoc teams of experts recruited from online crowds can remotely collaborate, avoiding the up-front cost to end users of task decomposition. However, these temporary ad hoc teams can lead to high coordination costs during the session itself. In this paper, we explore the types and causes of these coordination costs for transient software teams in existing collaborative programming tools: a version control system and a real-time shared editor. Based on our findings, we suggest design elements of shared programming environments that help teams effectively self-coordinate on their task.
Production Theory: Accounting for Firm Heterogeneity and Technical Change

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

The paper presents a new framework to assess firm level heterogeneity and to study the rate and direction of technical change. Building on the analysis of revealed short‐run production functions by Hildenbrand ( ), we propose the (normalized) volume of the zonotope composed by vectors‐firms as indicator of inter‐firm heterogeneity. Moreover, the angles that the zonotope's main diagonal form with the axes provide a measure of the rates and directions of productivity change. The proposed framework also accounts for n‐inputs and m‐outputs and, crucially, the measures of heterogeneity and technical change do not require many of the standard assumptions from production theory.
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of Trimethyl Phosphite and Hexamethylphosphorous Triamide with 2‐Methoxycarbonyl‐3,4,5‐triphenylcyclopentadienone.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The cyclopentadienone (I) is coupled with trimethyl phosphite (II) to give the cyclopentadienyl phosphate (III), together with a second isomeric phosphate (IV), probably (V) or (VI).
The 'Liminal Self': Evoking a critical dialogue around self-representation in contemporary arts practice

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This exegesis explores concepts and techniques for extending the photographic self-portraiture into self-representation in relation to the concept of liminality. The research question – How can critical dialogues around self-representation be evoked through contemporary arts practice? – is explored through the concept of the liminal self. I argue that the creation of this liminal self opens up a space of contestation that disrupts assumed paradigms of self-portraiture, the photographic image, and image-reproductive technology.\nThe exegesis identifies the importance of the interconnections between the photograph and objects, the photograph and digital media, and the photograph and hand-made interventions upon the photographic surface. It examines theoretical discussions and debates on the role of memory, objects and collage including the writings of Roland Barthes, Susan Sontag, and Joan Gibbons, that guide the exploration of self-representation, identity, and gender. This in turn provides a context for my art practice. Analyses of works of other artists such as, Claude Cahun, Arnulf Rainer, and Julie Rrap, informed examination of my artworks. The exegesis argues that evolution of critical dialogues around selfrepresentation cannot be confined to the external – in other words, physical aspects and appearances – but must extend to the internal, the emotional, and the subjective.\nI argue that liminality opens up a space of uncertainty and contention that allows interpretation to go deeply beyond the surface of the work, beyond a mirror likeness and beyond the gaze. The intervention of the intuitive hand upon the surface of the photograph is key to creating multi-layered self-representations – the liminal self. Liminality is a space where a critical dialogue around gender, memory, and representation itself can be evoked.
Comprehensive default methodology for the analysis of exposures to mixtures of chemicals accidentally released to the atmosphere

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Safety analysis of Department of Energy (DOE) facilities requires consideration of potential exposures to mixtures of chemicals released to the atmosphere. Exposure to chemical mixtures may lead to additive, synergistic, or antagonistic health effects. In the past, the consequences of each chemical have been analyzed separately. This approach may not adequately protect the health of persons exposed to mixtures. However, considerable time would be required to evaluate all possible mixtures. The objective of this paper is to present reasonable default methodology developed by the EFCOG Safety Analysis Working Group Nonradiological Hazardous Material Subgroup (NHMS) for use in safety analysis within the DOE Complex.
Peer Review #3 of "Integrating species and interactions into similarity metrics: a graph theory-based approach to understanding community similarity (v0.3)"

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Community similarity is often assessed through similarities in species occurrences and abundances (i.e. compositional similarity) or through the distribution of species interactions (i.e. interaction similarity).Unfortunately, the joint empirical evaluation of both is still a challenge.Here, we analyze community similarity in ecological systems in order to evaluate the extent to which indices based exclusively on species composition differ from those that incorporate species interactions.Borrowing tools from graph theory, we compared the classic Jaccard index with the graph edit distance (GED), a metric that allowed us to combine species composition and interactions.We found that similarity measures computed using only taxonomic composition could differ strongly from those that include composition and interactions.We conclude that new indices that incorporate community features beyond composition will be more robust for assessing similitude between natural systems than those purely based on species occurrences.Our results have therefore important conceptual and practical consequences for the analysis of ecological communities.
Models of federalism in Switzerland and Germany: a comparative analysis

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The article is the first to structure the concept of “model of federalism”. According to the author, it includes such essential elements as the initial factors that influenced the formation of the state, the stages of its development and the essential components of the model, namely, historical-typological and genesis ones features of federalism and the vector of development. Based on the use of historical and state literature, constitutional and legal materials, and the results of a recently published international political science project, the author examines the models of federalism of neighboring countries-Switzerland and Germany, formed in the middle of the XIX century, proposes its graphic description. These states vary in territorial extent and state dynamics, but are still similar at the initial stages of the formation of a federal model, namely the transition to a federal form from a confederal one. Also, the Swiss and German models were radically different from the point of view of their essence and their genesis, but they had a uniform centripetal vector, which in modern globalization conditions is characterized by a strengthening of the management center and a decrease in the autonomy of the subjects.
M proteins are the major pathogenicity factors of <i>Streptococcus pyogenes</i>

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

M proteins are the major pathogenicity factors of the widespread and potentially deadly bacterial pathogen Streptococcus pyogenes. These proteins confer to bacteria resistance against innate and adaptive immune responses. The study of the M proteins of hemolytic streptococci group A and their involvement in pathology clearly indicates that strains of streptococci, for one reason or another devoid of M proteins are unable to multiply in the macroorganism and form a focus of infection. This circumstance in itself once again underlines the leading role of M proteins in the realization of its many properties and in the development of the infectious process. The ability of M proteins to recruit plasma proteins of the macroorganism is their significant pathogenetic properties. The most important is the nonimmune binding by M proteins of human immunoglobulins, because it participates in the suppression of phagocytosis, violations of bacterial opsonization and complement activation along the classical pathway, not to mention the possible involvement of this phenomenon in the genesis of post-infectious complications of autoimmune nature. This review summarizes the current data on the structure M proteins, their functional activity, manifestations of pathogenicity, genetic regulation and methods of emm-typing.
Norovirus Protease Structure and Antivirals Development

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Human norovirus (HuNoV) infection is a global health and economic burden. Currently, there are no licensed HuNoV vaccines or antiviral drugs available. The protease encoded by the HuNoV genome plays a critical role in virus replication by cleaving the polyprotein and is an excellent target for developing small-molecule inhibitors. The current strategy for developing HuNoV protease inhibitors is by targeting the enzyme’s active site and designing inhibitors that bind to the substrate-binding pockets located near the active site. However, subtle differential conformational flexibility in response to the different substrates in the polyprotein and structural differences in the active site and substrate-binding pockets across different genogroups, hamper the development of effective broad-spectrum inhibitors. A comparative analysis of the available HuNoV protease structures may provide valuable insight for identifying novel strategies for the design and development of such inhibitors. The goal of this review is to provide such analysis together with an overview of the current status of the design and development of HuNoV protease inhibitors.
The introduction of Taiwan's automatic computer time service

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

A PC-based system that controls up to 8 lines, measures the delay and transmits an ASCII time-code has been built. It will connect to any modem at speeds from 1200 bits/s to 9600 bits/s using standard protocols. The fluctuation of total delay is less then 0.5 ms. That is, we can synchronize the time system of the whole Taiwan island via the telephone network with an accuracy of 0.5 ms if we can measure the path delay of our telephone system.
Additional file 2: of Striatal phosphodiesterase 10A availability is altered secondary to chronic changes in dopamine neurotransmission

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

PDE10A binding potential and supplier of rats. Overview of baseline BPND values acquired in Wistar rats supplied by Harlan and Janvier. Baseline BPND values acquired in rats from Janvier were significantly higher compared to baseline BPND values acquired in rats from Harlan (Non parametric Mann-Whitney test, p = 0.0012). (DOCX 33 kb)
Calibration of physically based models: back to basics?

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The modelling of extreme hydrological events often suffers from a lack of available data. Physically based models are the best available modelling option in such situations, as they can in principle provide answers about the behaviour of ungauged catchments provided that the geometry and the forcings are known with sufficient accuracy. The need for calibration is therefore limited. In some situations, calibration (seen as adjusting the model parameters so that they fit the calculation as closely to the measurements as possible) is impossible. This paper presents such a situation. The MIKE SHE physically based hydrological model is used to model a flash flood over a medium-sized catchment of the Mediterranean Alps (2820 km2). An examination of a number of modelling alternatives shows that the main factor of uncertainty in the model response is the model structure (what are the dominant processes). The second most important factor is the accuracy with which the catchment geometry is represented in the model. The model results exhibit very little sensitivity to the model parameters, and therefore calibration of these parameters is found to be useless.
Growth posttransplantation in children previously treated with chronic dialysis and gastrostomy feeding.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Nasogastric and gastrostomy feeding are beneficial in providing nutritional support to children on chronic dialysis, but concerns have been raised about transfer to exclusive oral nutrition postrenal transplantation (TX). The present study reports the growth data and feeding outcomes in 14 children (9 male) who received combined dialysis [continuous cycling peritoneal dialysis (CCPD): n = 12; hemodialysis (HD): n = 2] and gastrostomy button (GB) feeding for a mean duration of 15.6 months, and who were transplanted at a mean age of 5.4 years. In 12 patients GB feeding was discontinued shortly after TX, and in 2 it was maintained for 3 and 8 months, respectively. No infective episodes were attributable to the GB post-TX, and the buttons were usually removed within 3 months with the dialysis catheter. The mean height and weight standard deviation scores (SDS) were -2.44 and -2.29, respectively, prior to dialysis and GB feeding; -2.19 and -1.22, respectively, prior to TX; and had improved to -1.6 and -0.79, respectively, 12 months post-TX. The mean percentage weight-for-height at the time of TX was 105% (range: 86%-128%), and was unchanged 1 year post-TX. We conclude that GB feeding in this group of children resulted in few complications or feeding problems post-TX. The use of GB feeding without growth hormone maintained growth parameters in most children while on dialysis, and a significant improvement in growth occurred after the renal transplantation.
Effects of diluted Concord grape juice laced with sodium chloride and selected boron‐containing compounds on attraction, consumption, crop muscle contractions, and mortality of adult Drosophila suzukiiMatsumura (Diptera: Drosophilidae)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract BACKGROUND In recent years, there has been interest in low‐cost, reduced‐risk materials that could be used for attract‐and‐kill of the invasive pest, spotted‐wing Drosophila, Drosophila suzukii . This pest causes heavy economic damage to soft‐skinned fruits in many countries. In this study, we evaluated physiological and behavioral effects of adding either borax, boric acid, or sodium chloride to diluted Concord grape juice (DGJ), a material that is attractive to adult D. suzukii . RESULTS Results showed that the addition of borax, sodium chloride and boric acid did not significantly affect the response of adult D. suzukii , relative to DGJ alone. Increases in concentrations (to 5% and 10%) of borax, sodium chloride and boric acid were correlated with decreased ingestion of materials. Mortality of males and females was almost 100% with lower concentrations (1% and 5%) of borax and boric acid within 72 h. The higher concentrations of sodium chloride (5% and 10%) resulted in 100% mortality of both sexes within 72 h. There was no significant effect of chemicals on the number of crop contractions of flies when fed for 4 h. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that some substances such as boric acid and borax may act as toxicants without influencing the behavioral response of D. suzukii . © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Digital Photo Analysis as a Predictor of Physiological Vertical Dimension

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

<p>Determination of the vertical dimension is based on patient's resting jaw position, which is the physiological vertical dimension. <strong>Objective: </strong>To examine the accuracy of physiological vertical dimension using digital photography. <strong>Methods: </strong>The research was done on 64 students who meet the criterias. The measurements of eyes-lips angles and lower nose-chin distance was performed. Then photo shoot of subject faces was taken from 56cm distance between the camera lens and the tip of the subjects’ nose with tripoded camera. <strong>Results: </strong>Distance of eyes-lips angles, and lower the nose-chin of the face and the photo has no meaningful differences.<strong> Conclusions: </strong>Analysis of digital photos can be applied to predict physiological vertical dimension.</p><p>DOI: 10.14693/jdi.v18i2.62</p>
SH2011245.08FU

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.