jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A DESCRIPTION OF A SET OF HYPOTHESES FOR SYSTEM IDENTIFICATION PROBLEM*

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract This paper concerns the system identification process which is a specific form of the hypothetico-deductive process. More specifically, this paper deals with the inductive inference, i.e., with the process of generating a set of hypotheses σ(E) that explain a given finite set of input-output experiments performed on a finite sequential system being identified. It is shown that Sεσ(E) if and only if there exists a homomorphism of a basic hypothesis explaining E, into S. Next, a set of hypotheses σ1(E). defined as follows: Sεσ1(E) if E is structure-complete w.r.t. S, is considered. Then it is proved that Sεσ1(E) if and only if there exists a full homomorphism of a basic hypothesis onto S. Some important methodological consequences of obtained results are derived. Finally, relationship linking the properties of a system identification algorithm is investigated.
Genetic analysis of IAA-conjugate sensitivity in Arabidopsis thaliana: Hydrolysis, transcriptional regulation, and metal homeostasis

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Auxins are hormones important for numerous processes throughout plant development. Plants use several mechanisms to regulate levels of the auxin indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), including the formation and hydrolysis of amide-linked conjugates that act as storage or inactivation forms of the hormone. Certain members of an Arabidopsis amidohydrolase family hydrolyze these conjugates to free IAA in vitro.\nTo examine the in vivo importance of auxin-conjugate hydrolysis, I generated a triple hydrolase mutant, ilr1 iar3 ill2 , which is deficient in three of these hydrolases. I compared root and hypocotyl growth of the single, double and triple hydrolase mutants on IAA-Ala, IAA-Leu, and IAA-Phe. The hydrolase mutant phenotypic profiles on different conjugates reveal the in vivo activities and relative importance of ILR1, IAR3, and ILL2 in IAA-conjugate hydrolysis. In addition to defective responses to exogenous conjugates, ilr1 iar3 ill2 roots are slightly less responsive to exogenous IAA. The triple mutant also has a shorter hypocotyl and fewer lateral roots than wild type on unsupplemented medium. As suggested by the mutant phenotypes, ilr1 iar3 ill2 imbibed seeds and seedlings have lower IAA levels than wild type and accumulate IAA-Ala and IAA-Leu, conjugates that are substrates of the absent hydrolases. These results indicate that amidohydrolases contribute free IAA to the auxin pool during germination in Arabidopsis.\nThe regulation of IAA-conjugate hydrolase gene expression remains unknown. I have characterized the IAA-Leu-resistant mutant, ilr3-1, and cloned the defective gene, which encodes a basic helix-loop-helix leucine zipper transcription factor. ILR3 may modulate IAA-conjugate hydrolysis by regulating hydrolase expression or activity.\nPrevious work on the IAA-Ala-resistant mutant iar1, which is defective in a predicted membrane protein similar to metal transporters, suggests a link between metal homeostasis and IAA-conjugate sensitivity. To gain insight into the function of IAR1, I conducted a genetic modifier screen to isolate second-site mutations that restore IAA-conjugate sensitivity to iar1. Here, I characterize one such mutant, mtpc2-1, and identify the gene defective as encoding a metal transport protein.\nThe work described in this thesis suggests roles for multiple components in IAA-conjugate sensitivity in Arabidopsis, including conjugate hydrolysis, transcriptional regulation of relevant genes, and metal homeostasis.
A Mixture of Algae and Extra Virgin Olive Oils Attenuates the Cardiometabolic Alterations Associated with Aging in Male Wistar Rats

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Aging is one of the major risk factors for suffering cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Due to the increase in life expectancy, there is a strong interest in the search for anti-aging strategies to treat and prevent these aging-induced disorders. Both omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFA) and extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) exert numerous metabolic and cardiovascular benefits in the elderly. In addition, EVOO constitutes an interesting ingredient to stabilize ω-3 PUFA and decrease their oxidation process due to its high content in antioxidant compounds. ω-3 PUFA are commonly obtained from fish. However, more ecological and sustainable sources, such as algae oil (AO) can also be used. In this study, we aimed to study the possible beneficial effect of an oil mixture composed by EVOO (75%) and AO (25%) rich in ω-3 PUFA (35% docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and 20% eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)) on the cardiometabolic alterations associated with aging. For this purpose; young (three months old) and old (24 months old) male Wistar rats were treated with vehicle or with the oil mixture (2.5 mL/kg) for 21 days. Treatment with the oil mixture prevented the aging-induced increase in the serum levels of saturated fatty acids (SFA) and the aging-induced decrease in the serum concentrations of mono-unsaturated fatty acids (MUFA). Old treated rats showed increased serum concentrations of EPA and DHA and decreased HOMA-IR index and circulating levels of total cholesterol, insulin and IL-6. Treatment with the oil mixture increased the mRNA levels of antioxidant and insulin sensitivity-related enzymes, as well as reduced the gene expression of pro-inflammatory markers in the liver and in cardiac and aortic tissues. In addition, the treatment also prevented the aging-induced endothelial dysfunction and vascular insulin resistance through activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway. Moreover, aortic rings from old rats treated with the oil mixture showed a decreased response to the vasoconstrictor AngII. In conclusion, treatment with a mixture of EVOO and AO improves the lipid profile, insulin sensitivity and vascular function in aged rats and decreases aging-induced inflammation and oxidative stress in the liver, and in the cardiovascular system. Thus, it could be an interesting strategy to deal with cardiometabolic alterations associated with aging.
Sn and Ce co-doping regulate phase structure of NaNbO 3: Double hysteresis loop and electro-strain

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Environmentally friendly antiferroelectric NaNbO₃ (NN) materials exhibit promising potential in energy storage and electro-strain applications. At room temperature, NN is an antiferroelectric P phase (Space group Pbma) that coexists with a metastable ferroelectric Q phase (Space group P21ma), so the electric field-induced phase transition is irreversible. To stabilize the intrinsic antiferroelectric properties of NNs, phase structure regulation has emerged as a critical research focus. We chose the variable-valence elements Sn and Ce for doping in NN. Through atmospheric sintering, the valence states of the doped ions were altered, resulting in changes in their corresponding substitution positions. This confirmed that the doped ions could be successfully incorporated into the lattice as designed. Importantly, the x = 0.04 ceramic exhibited a reversible phase transition between the AFE and FE states, resulting in a standard double hysteresis loop at room temperature and a large electrostrain of 0.38%. These findings demonstrate that valence state-controlled co-doping effectively optimizes the antiferroelectric phase stability and functional performance of NN-based materials.
Computable, robust multivariate location using integrated univariate ranks

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

This thesis concerns select methods related to multivariate nonparametric data description, especially multivariate location. It presents and provides implementations of algorithms for computing the projection median both exactly (in low dimensions) and approximately (for use in higher dimensions). The algorithms use techniques from computational geometry and Monte Carlo methods. Further, an intuitive notion of data depth based on an average univariate ranking of points is introduced. This depth measure is shown to be quickly computable in low dimensions and easily approximated in high dimensions via Monte Carlo techniques. In addition, its theoretical properties are investigated. Several applications of these methods are demonstrated, using both real and simulated data.
Hydrogen bonding in high-Z′ molecular structures

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Strong intermolecular interactions, such as hydrogen bonding, often occur in crystal structures with Z'>1, and they contribute to the formation of structural layers.In this poster we discuss the structure solution and refinement of an enantiomerically pure organic molecule that crystalizes in the rare space group P1.Four separate molecules are present in the asymmetric unit (Z'=4) and long parallel H-bonded chains contribute to the formation of a layered structure.
A Phase II study of palonosetron, aprepitant, dexamethasone and olanzapine for the prevention of cisplatin-based chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in patients with thoracic malignancy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The addition of 5 mg oral olanzapine to standard antiemetic therapy demonstrates promising efficacy in preventing cisplatin-based chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting and an acceptable safety profile in patients with thoracic malignancy.
A first-principles based study of ns2containing ternary iodides and their possibility of scintillation

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A recently investigated scintillator material CsBa2I5 showed promising properties when activated with ns2 ions In+, Tl+ or the lanthanide Eu2+. This sparked our interest in an analogous group of materials, e.g. InBa2I5 or TlBa2I5 where the ns2 ion is part of the crystal framework, replacing the alkali ion. Many of these compounds of the type AB2X5 (X = halogen) have been previously synthesized and have interesting stereochemical activity. Using density functional calculations we have studied the stable monoclinic phase of the aforementioned ns2 containing iodides. One objective is to explore them as scintillators where the ns2 ions, now appearing as part of the crystal, play a central role. Compared to CsBa2I5, their reduced fundamental band gap and possibility of higher light yield may be attributed to an induced degree of covalency in the ns2–I bonds. The valence and conduction band edges have discernible contributions from the ns2 ions' s and p orbitals which is crucial in carrier localization. The antibonding Ga or In s sates near valence edge may be a favored site for a hole trap, as against a center. Additional differences among the ns2 compounds lead to qualitatively different self-trapped excitons that may fundamentally affect luminescence. The possibility of fast electron capture at the ns2 sites and the prospect of self-activated scintillation via ns2-p → or ns2-p → ns2-s transitions may draw interest in related applications.
Reliability of Geotechnical Parameters in the Analysis of Ancient Landslides

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

More than 850 large scale landslides in the two main active seismic zones (Alborz and Zagros) in Iran have been studied over the past nearly four decades. Of these, remedial designs made by the author for major engineering works in the 180 or so landslides encountered in the projects have, to the present, been successful. This work has led me to the conclusion that, regardless of their geotechnical parameters measured on intact samples in the laboratory, the main cause of forming of these landslides has been occurrence of high magnitude recent and historical earthquakes, combined with micro/mega discontinuities existing within the soil/rock masses. In this study, according to the results of geotechnical studies, the stability analysis of ancient landslides in the area of gas transmission lines (IGAT) in Iran, is discussed. Three samples, taken from slip surfaces of ancient landslides of the two main active zones are discussed. The samples were taken from apparently weak soils, but, unexpectedly, they showed good stability strength. The major occurrences of landslides were in the two mentioned active zones (Zagros and Alborz). In the sampling process of the three landslides, samples representative of apparently geotechnically weak rock or poor soil type were the only ones selected for testing and were taken from slip surface/zones with well-defined natural deformation, remolding and slicken siding. Geotechnical and soil shear parameters measured on samples taken from the slip surface showed apparent good results indicating that a landslide should not occur. However this assumption proved to be misleading, for despite these measurements, land sliding did occur. This was especially so in the case of rockslides.
Statistical Theory of Electrostriction and Nonlinear Polarization in Imperfect Gases

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A report is given of derivations of useful formulas for the electrostriction and the nonlinear polarization of a gas of neutral molecules in a static electric field. The derivations begin with the definitions from quantum statistical mechanics for the grand-ensemble averages of the two quantities in question, and the resulting formulas are obtained by means of the linked-diagram method of Kaufman and Watson.
Frame rate up-conversion using nonparametric estimator

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In some applications such as digital video broadcasting, video is transmitted over a low capacity channel with lower frame rates. The lower the frame rate, the jerkier or unevener the video motion would be noticed. To solve this problem, frame rate up conversion (FRUC) is employed to increase the frame rate. In this paper, we propose a new FRUC method using the nonlocal-means estimator. In this method, a pixel is reconstructed as a weighted linear combination of pixel pairs in its adjacent frames. The pixels of each pair are temporally symmetric from the view point of the pixel being interpolated. The weights are calculated based on the self-similarity assumption. To reduce the computational complexity, we calculate the weights of linear combination for each super-pixel. Experimental results show the superior performance of our proposed method in comparison to the existing methods.
Analysis of Pairwise Comparison Matrices

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Pairwise comparison method is a powerful and simple tool for modeling decision‐making problems when n objects (alternatives, criteria, etc.) are involved. In this article, the method description begins with a brief comment about its historical roots. Special emphasis is placed on the possible levels of rationality of the decision maker and how this feature conditions the mathematical methods used to derive preferential weights from a pairwise comparison matrix. This issue is linked in a natural way to the problem of aggregating individual pairwise comparison matrices into a consensus matrix. The article concludes with a discussion of the main advantages of the method in real‐world problems.
Large deviation principle for slow-fast system with mixed fractional Brownian motion

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

This work focuses on a slow-fast system perturbed by mixed fractional Brownian motion with Hurst parameter $H\in(1/2,1)$. The integral with respect to fractional Brownian motion is the generalized Riemann-Stieltjes integral and the integral with respect to Brownian motion is the standard Itô integral. Our approach is based on the variational framework and the weak convergence criteria for mixed fractional Brownian motion. By combining the weak convergence method and Khasminskii's averaging principle, we show a large deviation principle for the slow component.
Wave equation analysis of pile driving based on constrained optimization

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A number of theoretical dynamic pile analysis methods are available for pile capacity prediction, ranging from the simple dynamic formula method to the more sophisticated finite element method. The finite difference solution of the wave equation based on dynamic pile test is also widely used. Based on the stress wave theory on pile driving, methods such as CAPWAP had been developed to study pile under impact. This method iteratively solves for soil parameters (damping constants, quake values) and the static resistance distribution from measured pile top force and velocity data.
Mathematical modeling analysis on a small and compact two-dimensional CGLSI interference system

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

When using interference wave front to detect density field, it is better to have an interference system which is small and compact so that different directions of wave fronts can be obtained to reconstruct the density field to be detected. A twodimensional CGLSI (Cross Grating Lateral Shearing Interferometer) system which consists of a two-dimensional cross grating and a two-dimensional order-selecting window used as a filter is presented in this paper. Lateral shearing interferogram of two orthogonal directions (X and Y) each other can be obtained by using this system. With the advantage of anti-vibration and no reference surface, lateral shearing interferometer is suitable to inhibit external environment disturbance. In this paper, analysis and simulations have been conducted on grating constant from geometrical optics and physical optics using Fresnel approximation method respectively based on lateral shearing rate, windows' distance in two-dimensional order-selecting window and layout of the system which concludes the best option for grating constant is d = 25μm . The most optimized design of size and distance for windows in two-dimensional order-selecting window has been carried out on the basis that complex amplitude distribution can go through the filter so that there is no distortion on wave front. All designs have gone through computer simulation and fit into the requirements for the designs.
Cell membranes and paracellular resistances in isolated renal proximal tubules from rabbit and Ambystoma.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Transepithelial specific resistance (Re) was measured in isolated and perfused rabbit proximal convoluted tubules by cable analysis and intracellular micro‐electrode techniques were used to calculate the electrical resistances of the cell membranes and of the paracellular pathway. Re was 16 +/‐ 2 omega cm2 and the space constant was 130 +/‐ 14 micron, n = 29. Re was significantly increased by a decrease in temperature from 37 to 10 degrees C, and was practically abolished by nominal removal of Ca2+ from the bathing solution (to 2.0 +/‐ 0.3 omega cm2, P less than 0.001, n = 6). The apparent ratio of cell membrane resistances (luminal to basolateral) was 3.1 +/‐ 0.3. The control values of apical and basolateral membrane resistances (Ra and Rb) were calculated from the values of (1) Re, (2) the apparent ratio of cell membrane resistances, and (3) the effects of addition of either Ba2+ (1 mM) to the bath solution or glucose (8 mM) to the perfusate on basolateral and apical membrane voltages (assuming that the initial effects of Ba2+ and glucose are restricted to the ipsilateral membrane). Control values of Ra (omega cm2 of epithelium) were 249 +/‐ 68 (Ba2+ method) and 227 +/‐ 42 (glucose method). Values of Rb were 70 +/‐ 11; and 66 +/‐ 12 respectively. The low paracellular resistance values obtained with the Ba2+ and glucose methods, respectively, 17 +/‐ 5 and 15 +/‐ 1 omega cm2, explain the low transepithelial resistance. The use of the Ba2+ and glucose methods provides alternatives to cell cable determinations for the calculation of cell membrane resistances. Cell membrane and shunt resistances measured by the same methods in isolated perfused Ambystoma tigrinum proximal tubules (in omega cm2 of epithelium) were: Ra, 2650 +/‐ 180 (glucose method) and 2368 +/‐ 350 (Ba2+ method). Values of Rb were 665 +/‐ 99 (glucose method) and 701 +/‐ 124 (Ba2+ method). The paracellular resistance values were 58 +/‐ 11 (glucose method) and 84 +/‐ 12 (Ba2+ method). These results are in good agreement with previously reported values obtained by intracellular cable analysis (Maunsbach & Boulpaep, 1984).
Late Results with Autogenous Tissue Heart Valves

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

W. Sterling Edwards, M.D. ABSTRACT Five years of experience using unsupported and mounted fascia lata and pericardial heart valves in human beings is summarized. This experi- ence as well as the experiences reported by others has led me to the conclusion that autogenous pericardium and fascia lata-because of the raw, exposed col- lagen surfaces-are not satisfactory tissues from which to construct heart valves. he concept of using the patient's own pericardium or fascia lata for construction of heart valves offers several appealing advantages over T other materials. It is autogenous tissue and therefore should not be subject to rejection; it is available in adequate quantity so that multiple valves may be replaced; and valve size is not a problem. There are no difficul- ties with procurement, sterilization, or storage, and leaflet valves can be con- structed that have less flow resistance than do ball or disc valves. Primarily, it was hoped that thromboembolic problems would be eliminated and that these autogenous valves would remain viable and flexible for many years. From 1967 to 1968, a technique was developed in our laboratory for making complete mitral valves out of autogenous tissue, either pericardium or fascia lata (3). A bicuspid valve was cut to pattern and the annulus of the new valve sutured to the annulus of the excised mitral valve. The two chordal attachments were brought through the appropriate papillary mus- cles, either back into the left atrium or to the outside of the ventricle, for proper adjustment and attachment. A competent mitral valve was produced each time using this technique. Fifteen patients had such valves constructed, 8 of pericardium and 7 of fascia lata. There were 4 early failures (within six months) that necessitated reoperation, 2 of pericardial and 2 of fascia1 valves. Failure was due to separation of the chordal attachment from the papillary muscle in 2 patients and to partial separation of the tissue from the annulus in the other 2. We were encouraged by the flexibility of the autogenous tis- sue at this early stage in the postoperative period and believed that these early failures were mechanical and therefore correctable. The technique was discontinued in 1968 when we began to frame-mount fascia lata. Senning's (8) encouraging reports of long-term function of fascia lata as an unsupported aortic valve led to efforts on our part to duplicate and