jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Gene-Based Risk Stratification for Cardiac Disorders in LMNA Mutation Carriers

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background— Mutations in LMNA ( lamin A/C ), which encodes lamin A and C, typically cause age-dependent cardiac phenotypes, including dilated cardiomyopathy, cardiac conduction disturbance, atrial fibrillation, and malignant ventricular arrhythmias. Although the type of LMNA mutations have been reported to be associated with susceptibility to malignant ventricular arrhythmias, the gene-based risk stratification for cardiac complications remains unexplored. Methods and Results— The multicenter cohort included 77 LMNA mutation carriers from 45 families; cardiac disorders were retrospectively analyzed. The mean age of patients when they underwent genetic testing was 45±17, and they were followed for a median 49 months. Of the 77 carriers, 71 (92%) were phenotypically affected and showed cardiac conduction disturbance (81%), low left ventricular ejection fraction (<50%; 45%), atrial arrhythmias (58%), and malignant ventricular arrhythmias (26%). During the follow-up period, 9 (12%) died, either from end-stage heart failure (n=7) or suddenly (n=2). Genetic analysis showed truncation mutations in 58 patients from 31 families and missense mutations in 19 patients from 14 families. The onset of cardiac disorders indicated that subjects with truncation mutations had an earlier occurrence of cardiac conduction disturbance and low left ventricular ejection fraction, than those with missense mutations. In addition, the truncation mutation was found to be a risk factor for the early onset of cardiac conduction disturbance and the occurrence of atrial arrhythmias and low left ventricular ejection fraction, as estimated using multivariable analyses. Conclusions— The truncation mutations were associated with manifestation of cardiac phenotypes in LMNA -related cardiomyopathy, suggesting that genetic analysis might be useful for diagnosis and risk stratification.
New control variates for pricing basket options

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Abstract Accepted by: Giorgio Consigli Accurate pricing of basket options, which are financial derivatives on multiple underlying assets, is a challenging and practically important task for financial institutions. We propose several new control variates for accurate, fast and efficient pricing of basket options. The first approach to deriving new control variates is the use of Hermite polynomial approximation of appropriate function of the underlying asset prices, which leads to a Black–Scholes-like analytic solution. This approach is new in the option pricing context and opens up new possibilities in derivative pricing. Further control variates are analytically derived using Jensen’s inequality in one case, and distributional properties of multivariate Wiener processes in other cases. All the newly proposed control variates are shown to lead to excellent variance reduction in numerical experiments based on realistic data. The proposed methods are novel, computationally simple and have a strong potential to replace more conventional methods, such as the geometric lower bound in simulation-based pricing of basket options and similar products used in financial risk management.
Preclinical evaluation of gene delivery methods for the treatment of loco-regional disease in breast cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Preclinical results with various gene therapy strategies indicate significant potential for new cancer treatments. However, many therapeutics fail at clinical trial, often due to differences in tissue physiology between animal models and humans, and tumor phenotype variation. Clinical data relevant to treatment strategies may be generated prior to clinical trial through experimentation using intact patient tissue ex vivo. We developed a novel tumor slice model culture system that is universally applicable to gene delivery methods, using a realtime luminescence detection method to assess gene delivery. Methods investigated include viruses (adenovirus [Ad] and adeno-associated virus), lipofection, ultrasound (US), electroporation and naked DNA. Viability and tumor populations within the slices were well maintained for seven days, and gene delivery was qualitatively and quantitatively examinable for all vectors. Ad was the most efficient gene delivery vector with transduction efficiency >50%. US proved the optimal non-viral gene delivery method in human tumor slices. The nature of the ex vivo culture system permitted examination of specific elements. Parameters shown to diminish Ad gene delivery included blood, regions of low viability and secondary disease. US gene delivery was significantly reduced by blood and skin, while tissue hyperthermia improved gene delivery. US achieved improved efficacy for secondary disease. The ex vivo model was also suitable for examination of tissue-specific effects on vector expression, with Ad expression mediated by the CXCR4 promoter shown to provide a tumor selective advantage over the ubiquitously active cytomegalovirus promoter. In conclusion, this is the first study incorporating patient tissue models in comparing gene delivery from various vectors, providing knowledge on cell-type specificity and examining the crucial biological factors determining successful gene delivery. The results highlight the importance of in-depth preclinical assessment of novel therapeutics and may serve as a platform for further testing of current, novel gene delivery approaches.
The Growing Block, the Open Future and Future Truths

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract In Nothing to Come , Fabrice Correia and Sven Rosenkranz provide a sophisticated, compelling, and thoroughly defended account of the growing block theory. This note critically evaluates two aspects of this account. First, it evaluates Correia and Rosenkranz’s attempt at providing a grounding principle for future truths and argues that this principle fails to make progress in explaining why future truths are true. Second, it evaluates Correia and Rosenkranz’s construal of the open future arguing that the asymmetry in openness with respect to the past and future is not plausibly understood in terms of determinism and indeterminism, and in the final section, it evaluates their claim that a growing block theorist is able to maintain that the future is open in a stronger sense than the block theorist.
Multimodal Federated Learning with Missing Modality via Prototype Mask and Contrast

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In real-world scenarios, multimodal federated learning often faces the practical challenge of intricate modality missing, which poses constraints on building federated frameworks and significantly degrades model inference accuracy. Existing solutions for addressing missing modalities generally involve developing modality-specific encoders on clients and training modality fusion modules on servers. However, these methods are primarily constrained to specific scenarios with either unimodal clients or complete multimodal clients, struggling to generalize effectively in the intricate modality missing scenarios. In this paper, we introduce a prototype library into the FedAvg-based Federated Learning framework, thereby empowering the framework with the capability to alleviate the global model performance degradation resulting from modality missing during both training and testing. The proposed method utilizes prototypes as masks representing missing modalities to formulate a task-calibrated training loss and a model-agnostic uni-modality inference strategy. In addition, a proximal term based on prototypes is constructed to enhance local training. Experimental results demonstrate the state-of-the-art performance of our approach. Compared to the baselines, our method improved inference accuracy by 3.7\% with 50\% modality missing during training and by 23.8\% during uni-modality inference. Code is available at https://github.com/BaoGuangYin/PmcmFL.
Approximate and Conditional Teleportation of an Unknown Atomic State Without Bell-State Measurement with Two-Photon Interaction

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A scheme for approximately and conditionally teleporting an unknown atomic state via two-photon interaction in cavity QED is proposed. It is the extension of the scheme of Ref. [11] [Phys. Rev. A 69 (2004) 064302], which is based on Jaynes–Cummings model in QED and where only a time point of system evolution and the corresponding fidelity implementing the teleportation are given. In our scheme, the two-photon interaction Jaynes–Cummings model is used to realize the approximate and conditional teleportation. Our scheme does not involve the Bell-state measurement and an additional atom, only requiring two atoms and one single-mode cavity. The fidelity of the scheme is higher than that of Ref. [11]. The scheme may be generalized to not only the teleportation of the state of a cavity mode to another mode by means of a single atom but also the teleportation of the state of a trapped ion.
Bladder cancer rapid autopsy: A mechanism for collecting metastatic tumor tissue and establishing xenograft models of metastatic disease.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

478 Background: Patients with metastatic bladder cancer have a poor prognosis with a median survival of only 9-15 months. Understanding the biology of metastatic bladder cancer has been historically difficult due to a paucity of specimens and models that recapitulate human disease. We established a bladder cancer rapid autopsy program to systemically acquire metastases, and build patient-derived xenograft (PDX) and organoid models for biological studies. Methods: Patients with metastatic bladder cancer were consented and a rapid autopsy was performed 2-6 hours after death to allow acquisition of normal and metastasis specimens. Frozen and formalin-fixed and paraffin embedded specimens were collected and pathological evaluation was performed on each specimen. Additionally, tumors were implanted subcutaneously into SCID mice to establish PDXs. Once PDXs were developed, PDXs were dissociated for companion organoid culture. Clinical history and treatment information was documented for each patient. Results: We have performed 10 bladder cancer rapid autopsies to date, and have acquired 105 metastatic and 45 normal specimens. The pathological subtypes of patients include urothelial cell carcinoma (5/10), squamous cell carcinoma (3/10), and plasmacytoid variant of urothelial carcinoma (2/10). The cohort has been treated BCG only (1/10), chemotherapy (3/10), and chemotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors (6/10). The leading site of metastasis was the liver (7/10) and lung (7/10), followed by lymph node (5/10), bone (5/10), intestine (4/10), and omentum (2/10). Half (5/10) of the patients had extensive liver metastases that allow acquisition of multiple tumor foci. For the first time, PDX and organoids from two independent metastases (omentum – CoCaB 14.1 and liver –CoCaB 14.2) from the same patient were successfully developed. Conclusions: This bladder cancer rapid autopsy program provides an important volume of metastatic tumor specimens for study. Importantly, the first bladder cancer PDX derived from metastasis has been developed. The availability of metastatic bladder cancer specimens, PDXs, and organoids will allow biological studies of advanced disease.
Gastric Inflammatory Fibroid Polyp Presenting with Occult Bleeding and Anemia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose: Inflammatory fibroid polyps (IFPs) are rare, benign, submucosal, sessile or pedunculated polyps which can occur anywhere along the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Roughly 80% are found in the gastric antrum. Incidence is low, accounting for less than 3% of all GI polyps. IFPs can be asymptomatic or present with bleeding, abdominal pain and/or dyspeptic symptoms. Immunohistochemical staining is diagnostic. Treatment typically requires surgical resection to alleviate symptoms, and/or to stop bleeding. We report the case of a 61-year-old male who presented with occult bleeding and anemia, and was found on endoscopy to have a 5-6-cm submucosal gastric mass prolapsing into the duodenum. Immunohistochemical staining was consistent with the diagnosis of IFP. The patient was subsequently taken to the operating room for surgical resection. Following excision, the anemia resolved and he maintained a stable blood count at discharge. While uncommon, IFPs are benign lesions that should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients with occult bleeding and anemia. Resection with clean margins leads to resolution of symptoms and typically does not show reoccurrence.Figure: IFP prolapsing through the pylorus.Figure: Polyp in the duodenum.Figure: H&E stain shows spindle shaped cells and a background of inflammatory cells with increased eosinophils.
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Ischemic Heart Disease

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: Thyroidectomy is the surgical removal of a partial or complete thyroid gland in case of hyperthyroidism, thyroid cancer and goiter. The aims of this study: were to eveluate effect of designed nursing guidelines on minimizing postoperative complications for patients undergoing thyroidectomy through the following; 1) assess patients' knowledge and practice about thyroidectomy, 2) design nursing guidelines , 3) evaluate the effect of applying these guidelines on minimizing postoperative complications for patients undergoing thyroidectomy. Patients and method: This study was conducted in the general surgery department and outpatient surgery clinic at Assiut University Hospital. A convientent sample of 60 adult patients of both sexes, their ages ranged between 20 - 65 years old and were divided into two equal groups (study and control) thirty patients for each. Tools: Patient assessment sheet and thyroidectomy complications evaluation sheet. Results: there was statistically significant difference between the study and control groups regarding knowledge and practice scores, wound healing and other thyroidectomy complications. Conclusion: implementation of the designed nursing guidelines in the management of patients undergoing thyroidectomy had improved patients' outcomes: significantly increased level of knowledge and practice scores, and decreased overall postoperative complications rate. Recommendation Providing a written instruction booklet about perioperative care for thyroidectomy is of great importance for the patients.
Picosecond Pulsed Electric Field-Induced Disaggregation of Polyglutamine Aggregates in Huntington’s Disease Neural Stem Cells

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract

Huntington’s disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder marked by polyglutamine (PolyQ) aggregation and mitochondrial dysfunction, yet non-invasive methods to modulate these intracellular stressors remain limited. Here, we applied picosecond pulsed electric fields (psPEF)—an ultrashort bioelectronic modality—to patient-derived HD neural stem cells (NSCs) to assess changes in pathogenic protein aggregation, gene expression, and mitochondrial membrane potential. Using a custom 3D bioprinter-based stimulation platform, cells were exposed to non-contact electric fields of 20 or 40 kV/cm with subnanosecond pulse width (660 ps). Quantitative imaging and automated analysis revealed a significant reduction in aggregate size and aggresome burden within 30 minutes post-treatment, effects that persisted at 24 hours without compromising viability. HTT mRNA levels remained unchanged, supporting a post-translational mechanism of aggregate modulation. We also observed a transient redistribution of aggregates into the nuclear compartment and a field-dependent trend toward increased mitochondrial polarization, suggestive of broader proteostatic or bioenergetic effects. Transcript analysis revealed downregulation of PAX6 and CACNA1C, further implicating psPEF in modulating intracellular stress pathways. These findings represent the first evidence that ultrashort electric fields can reduce mutant HTT aggregation in a human HD model without genetic manipulation or membrane poration. Our results establish HD-NSCs as a scalable, disease-relevant platform for evaluating psPEF in neurodegenerative disease and support further exploration of dielectric mechanisms for intracellular remodeling. Collectively, this work introduces a contactless, non-invasive strategy for modulating protein aggregation and mitochondrial stress in human neural cells, offering a new direction for therapeutic development in proteopathy-driven conditions.
Moisture Sensitivity of Hot Mix Asphalt Modified with Micronized Calcium Carbonate

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Moisture sensitivity in an HMA refers to the loss of mastic cohesion and durability between the bitumen and aggregates due to water presence. Various methods exist to mitigate this type of sensitivity, with one of the most important approaches being the incorporation of anti-stripping agents into either the bitumen or aggregate materials. Based on this premise, the current study investigates the impact of using micronized calcium carbonate powder (MCCP or CaCo3) as a modifier for bitumen on moisture sensitivity in HMA. Three types of aggregates with different mineralogical properties (limestone, granite, and quartzite), and PG 64–16 bitumen (along with 2% and 4% MCCP based on the mass of the bitumen) were utilized. The modified Lottman test was performed under 1 to 5 freeze-thaw cycles while measuring surface free energy (SFE) elements for both bitumens and aggregates with Wilhelmy Plate (WP) and Universal Sorption Device (USD), respectively. The results of the moisture sensitivity test on the asphalt mixtures used in this study demonstrate that the addition of MCCP in the modified samples has led to a reduction in the sensitivity of the asphalt mixtures, particularly in multiple freeze-thaw cycles, compared to the control samples. Furthermore, findings from SFE analysis demonstrated that MCCP enhanced cohesion free energy (CFE) which subsequently reduced rupture probability within the bitumen membrane. Additionally, it improved adhesion between acidic aggregates susceptible to moisture-induced sensitivity and bitumens.
A measure of gravitational entropy and structure formation

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Increasing inhomogeneity due to gravitational clumping reflects increasing gravitational entropy in a time evolving universe. Starting from an ensemble of uniformly distributed particles it is demonstrated that gravitational clustering is subject to a specific quantization rule for the amount of increase of gravitational entropy during the formation of inhomogeneities. The gain of gravitational entropy at each higher order merging process within the system is shown to result as a natural consequence from an extremal condition involved. The resulting discrete spectrum of nested, bound structures of specific mass and radius, ranging from the particle physics scale to galaxies and super clusters, provides a unified view of fundamental inhomogeneity scales in the universe from gravitational entropy considerations. Consequently, also the gravitational arrow of time points in the direction of stepwise increasing entropy or inhomogeneity, respectively.
Tratamento em duas fases do padrão II com má oclusão de Classe II, divisão 1 por protrusão maxilar

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Objective: to carry out a literature review on the treatment of Pattern II for maxillary protrusion and Class II division 1 malocclusion, its different possibilities of approach and to present a case report in two phases. Methods: The BIREME, Google Academic and Pubmed databases were used to obtain articles in English and Portuguese. As search strategy, we have used the terms boolean AND, AND NOT and OR to order the keywords and delimit the object of study. Results: It was found in the literature that two-phase treatment can be performed with the maxillary splint device in the mixed dentition to approach the maxillary protrusion. Then, in the period of young permanent denture, the appliance is self-ligating as a device for refining static and functional occlusion. Conclusion: The approach to Class II malocclusion in Pattern II by maxillary protrusion can be performed in two phases, a fact corroborated by the success of the treatment performed and by the literature evaluated in this study.
Amebic liver abscess in northern region of Bangladesh: sociodemographic determinants and clinical outcomes

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Amebic liver abscess (ALA) is endemic in Bangladesh since historical age but its epidemiology and sociodemographic determinants are not well described in the literatures. This paper focuses on the endemicity, sociodemographic determinants and clinical outcomes of ALA patients from certain northern districts in Bangladesh. Ninety hospitalized ALA patients enrolled from 6 northern districts of Bangladesh during July 2008 to June 2010 were analyzed. Clinical presentations of ALA was initially substantiated by ultrasound imaging and later confirmed by detection of small subunit rRNA gene of E. histolytica using a Real Time PCR. Structured questionnaire and data sheet were used to record sociodemographic characteristics, clinical presentations and outcomes. Patients were followed for immediate and late treatment outcomes up to 2 years since diagnosis. Northern districts those situated on the Ganges basin were noted as endemic areas. Male significantly outnumbered the female with a male to female ratio of 21:1 and majority of patients (58%) were in their 3rd and 4th decades. A significant (21%) number of patients were aborigines despite their ethnic minority as population under investigation and overall 68% belonged to low socioeconomic group. Habit of indigenous alcohol consumption was very high (78%) among ALA patients with overwhelming majority was illiterate (74.44%) and from rural population (70%). Fever with right hypochondriac pain of variable duration was the principal presenting complains. Gross fluid derangements including pleural effusion, edema and ascities were observed in 39% cases and 6% had rupture of abscess. All patients were treated with standard antimicrobial regimen and discharged with initial recovery. Recurrent attack was observed in 6% cases and 3 (3.33%) patients died during 2 years follow-up period. Complicated (37.78%) ALA patients showed significant Odds ratio (P < 0.05) for major sociodemographic determinants in comparison to non-complicated patients. Amebic liver abscess is endemic in certain northern districts of Bangladesh especially on the Ganges basin with relatively high prevalence among aborigines. Rural habitat, ethnicity (Aborigine) and habit of indigenous alcohol consumption were found to be strong determinants, especially for complicated ALA, which were associated with different grades of morbidity and a few mortalities.
Conventional and Two-Dimensional Real-Time Echocardiographic Diagnosis of Osteosarcoma A Case Report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A case of metastatic left ventricular osteosarcoma detected during life by conventional echocardiography was reported, and by 2-dimensional real-time echocardiography the spread and localization of osteosarcoma in the left ventricle were visualized directly. Our report is the first description of echocardiographic detection of osteosarcoma of the heart.
An enhanced power meter for SPICE2 circuit simulation

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

An enhancement to a technique presented by S.M. Kang (IEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol.SC-21, p.889-91, Oct. 1986) for measuring average power dissipation during a SPICE circuit simulation is described. A modified power meter circuit is discussed that allows power measurement during an arbitrary interval of time, holds a constant final value at the end of the sampling interval, and improves the resolution of the technique. Simulation results comparing the modified power meter with the original power meter are presented to verify the modification. An optional modification to provide for a variable power supply voltage is also included.< >