jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Cooperativity between Selectins and β2-Integrins Define Neutrophil Capture and Stable Adhesion in Shear Flow

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Abstract—A cooperative, sequential process of molecular recog-nition governs leukocyte capture, rolling, and arrest on inflamed endothelium. Flowing neutrophils are captured via heterotypic adhesive interactions mediated by endothelial E-selectin, whereas homotypic interactions between neutrophils are mediated by L-selectin. To elucidate how each selectin facilitates the transi-tion to CD18-mediated stable adhesion, E-selectin and L-selectin were expressed at defined site density in a murine pre-B-cell line. Direct observation of two-body collisions revealed that 30 % of neutrophil interactions with E-selectin transfectants formed dou-blets at low shear rate G = 14 s−1 whereas a threshold shear rate 14 s−1 ≤ G ≤ 110 s−1 was necessary for L-selectin adhesion. Ad-hesion via L-selectin resisted rupture at high shear stress, while E-selectin tethered doublets remained intact longer once formed. Moreover, higher expression of L-selectin (1100 sites/µm2) than that of E-selectin (220 sites/µm2) was required for comparable heterotypic adhesion efficiency. With a threefold rise in active CD18 upregulated on chemotactically stimulated neutrophils, ho-motypic adhesion efficiency increased 10-fold compared to less than 5-fold for heterotypic adhesion to selectin transfectants. Co-expression of E-selectin and ICAM-1 boosted adhesion efficiency threefold more than either receptor alone over the range of active CD18 expression. These data are the first to quantify adhesion efficiency mediated by selectin tethering and conformational ac-tivation of β2-integrin in neutrophils in shear flow. Keywords—Selectin, Integrin, Viscometry, Cell adhesion, efficiency, Shear stress.
WEED SCIENCE Adaptation and Validation of HADSS for Cotton Production in Oklahoma

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Glyphosate-tolerant and bromoxynil-resis-tant cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) give pro-ducers additional postemergence (POST) weed control options, but these technologies require producers to plan weed management practices in advance of planting the crop, thus increasing the complexity of the decision making process. The Herbicide Application Decision Support System
A Fast Distributed Principal Component Analysis with Variance Reduction

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) are widely used in dimension reduction, feature extraction, low-rank matrix approximation and so on. In large-scale applications, a common alternative is to use cluster which have multiple nodes and multiple cores to accelerate the time of solving problem. Most of the existing distributed PCA algorithm focus on reducing the communication, and there is little attention to the frequent waiting phenomenon caused by the synchronization mechanism. Meanwhile, most of these works are based on either the distributed memory of the processes-level parallelism or the shared memory of threads-level parallelism. In this paper, we propose a fast distributed PCA algorithm with variance reduced, which based on stochastic sampling and Stale Synchronous Parallel. Our algorithm contains the processes-level and threads-level parallelism. Experiments on the "Tianhe-2" super computer demonstrate that our algorithm has a good performance, speedup, and scalability.
How might we create environments that enable aged persons to thrive

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

“How might we create environments that enable aged persons to thrive?” \nThis wicked problem has been proposed by the College of Gerontologist Nursing. Researchers from the Centre of Health and Social Practice and Design Factory have used the design thinking process to address this problem. This question was proposed based on the current issues facing New Zealand: an ageing population with increasing comorbidities, an ageing workforce and under resourcing of the aged care sector. \nSecondary data was collated from a variety of peer reviewed sources. Primary data was collected from interviews done with health professional who work with those aged 65+, families of those who are 65+ and people who are 65+. This research was conducted during the global pandemic of COVID-19 which imposed limitations on the project. To aid the complete collection of data, these interviews were recorded and then transcribed for later use. \nThe key themes and insights from these interviews, through a process of defining, were used to further refine the initial question into more “how might we” statements. We focused on three of these new “how might we” statements to create two different prototypes: a My Wellbeing Book and a Wellness Expo. These low fidelity prototypes were created for user testing. The feedback has been collected and analysed in this report. Due to the time restrictions on this project, we were unable to further refine the two prototypes using the feedback from the users. However, a discussion of the feedback received has been included in this report.
ANALYSIS OF IMPACT OF TRADITIONAL GAMES ON THE WELL BEING OF SCHOOL GOING CHILDREN IN HARYANA

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This paper acquaint with the findings of the school childrens well-being surveyed in Haryana, which was carried out among representative sample of 250 children (125 who play traditional games and 125 who doesnt play traditional games) from five schools out of five blocks and 50 subjects from every school of jhajjar district from 6th to 10th standard from south Haryana region. The main purpose of this survey was to have a wide knowledge of childrens general well-being from amongst those who play traditional games and those who doesnt play traditional games by answering questionsthat best describes their feeling in general, botheredness, control of their behavior, thought,discoraged, stress, satisfaction with life, whether they were upset/worried, do they wake up fresh?, bothered any illness, daily life full of things, felt downhearted, feel emotionally stable, felt tired worn out, used up or exhausted, worried, worried about health, how relaxed/tensed, energetic, depressed/cheerful etc. and how things have been going for them in specific to their own opinion. The results showed that children who play traditional games have better general well-being than children who doesnt play traditional games. In conclusion, playingof traditional games obviouslyhave many benefits in the childrens development and this study suggests childrens participation should be there in traditional games.
Introducing the Okavango Delta, Botswana, Airborne TEM Survey

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The Okavango Delta, Botswana, is one of the largest inland deltas on the planet and is unique in that surface water remains remarkably fresh despite evapotranspiration being the dominant water removal mechanism. To help understand the phenomena of salt sequestration, airborne transient electromagnetic TEM data with 2 km line spacing were acquired over the entire delta in 2007-2008. These data have been inverted using a quasi-2D least-squares linear optimization scheme to produce a 5-layer resistivity model to 250 m depth. Comparison of the model with available borehole data shows a strong correlation between resistivity and lithology and salinity. Further analysis should contribute significantly to understanding the hydrogeology of the delta.
Total and free amino acids composition of the peel and pulp from the fruits of seven Mexican Opuntia species

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Mexico presents the highest diversity of Opuntia species in the world. Determination of the amino acid composition of Opuntia fruits provides interesting information on the nutritional quality, potential health benefits, and industrial applications of these fruits. Hence, the total and free amino acid compositions of the fruits of seven Opuntia species from México have been analyzed by RP-HPLC. These species are O. ficus-indica, O. albicarpa, O. undulata, O. megacantha, O. robusta, O. dillenii, and O. joconostle. Protein contents were, in general, higher in the peel than in the pulp, ranging in the peel from 1.95 % in O. dillenii to 4.91 % in O. robusta, and in the pulp from 0.10 % in O. ficus-indica to 11.91% in O. joconostle. Main amino acids in the peel were Asp, Glu and Leu, and Asp, Glu, and Ala in the pulp. The proteins with the highest nutritional value were found in the peel from O. dillenii, and O. megacantha, and in the pulp from O. albicarpa. The content in free amino acids in the pulp ranged from 0.1% in O. dillenii to 2.71% in O. undulata, while it ranged from 0.11% in O. dillenii to 1.27% in O. undulata in the peel samples. This work shows that although protein content in Opuntia fruits is low, this protein is of good nutritional quality, pointing out a possible use of the peel by-product as a source of quality protein.
External support of the dilated aorta: back to the future?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Dilatation of the aortic root leading to aortic dissection and rupture is the leading cause of premature death in patients with Marfan syndrome, which on average may shorten life expectancy by a third.1 ,2 Remarkably, over the last 40 years, life expectancy in Marfan syndrome has been restored to near normal through earlier recognition of affected patients, antihypertensive medical therapy and prophylactic aortic replacement. Prophylactic aortic root surgery in many surgical series from expert centres has carried a 1% risk or less of operative mortality.3 ,4 Furthermore, in the current era, valve preservation is usually possible, so most patients avoid valve prostheses and anticoagulation, although at the price of a median sternotomy and a short period of cardiopulmonary bypass, which are well tolerated in this young population.5 ,6

With such a high benchmark of surgical success, what is to be achieved by revisiting an approach to aneurysmal disease that has been abandoned by most cardiothoracic surgeons and …
Development of a framework for community health workers to contribute to interprofessional learning teams

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background. Community health workers’ knowledge, skills and training seem to affect their contribution to 4th-year health sciences student teams who are following an interprofessional learning programme aimed at improving two South African rural communities’ health outcomes related to diabetes. Objective. To develop a framework for community health workers to contribute to interprofessional learning teams. Methods. The framework development forms part of previous phases of a multi-method study. The theory of change logic model guided the development of the draft framework, informed by data from two ecogram sessions, five nominal group technique discussions and a scoping review. The final framework was validated by experts during a workshop using forward and backward mapping. Results. The framework addresses the need for community health workers to gain knowledge, skills and training related to diabetes to effectively contribute to interprofessional learning teams. The theory of change process identified community needs and assets, desired results, influential factors, evidence-based strategies and assumptions required to address the problem. Conclusion. The framework focuses on a problem within specific interprofessional learning teams. Collaboration with stakeholders contributed to a rigorous research process, and the validation, refinement and future implementation of the framework. The framework eventually led to the development of an evidence-based training programme comprising knowledge, skills and training strategies related to diabetes. It is predicted that once community health workers have completed this training programme, they will be able to contribute effectively to the interprofessional learning teams.
Theorizing the impact of network characteristics on multitier sustainable supply chain governance: a power perspective

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Purpose While the literature on multitier supply chain management traditionally assumes that first-tier suppliers belong to the visible proportion of the supply base, intermediaries might limit focal firms' visible horizon already at this stage. High power asymmetries promoting centrality and complexity in the supply network are seen as a particular root cause that limits the impact of governance mechanisms for sustainability. To map the space for governance mechanisms in a network-sensitive context more comprehensively, the study analyzes supply network characteristics from a power perspective. Design/methodology/approach This research is conceptual. To better understand power imbalances and mutual dependencies from network centrality and complexity, network configurations were constructed drawing on resource dependence theory. These configurations allow deducing the impact of (non-)mediated governance mechanisms for a sustainable development in the supply network. An agenda to stimulate future empirical and model-based research is accordingly presented. Findings The research shows that those networks with densely interconnected first-tier suppliers promote network centrality and complexity, leading to an inverted U-shape relationship between the focal firm's exertion of coercive power and the sustainability performance in the supply network. The findings allow a more comprehensive theoretical grounding for mapping governance approaches in a network-sensitive context and provide insights on how to avoid negative effects from power asymmetries. Practical implications The findings suggest the need for accompanying, indirect governance mechanisms already at the stage of first-tier suppliers based on non-mediated forms of power, such as referent power, also promoting disintermediation. Purchasing companies may also consider using digital platform technologies that foster disintermediation, such as blockchain technology. Originality/value By studying intermediaries from a power and network perspective, the conceptualization adds to the discussion on governance in multitier sustainable supply chain networks in various industries. Furthermore, it contributes to the increasing efforts of middle-range theorizing in logistics and supply chain management. The results partially challenge previous assumptions on the moderating role of specific network characteristics.
New Urbanism and the Barrio

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The last decade has seen a growing turn toward New Urbanism in the redevelopment of urban neighborhoods. In October 2007 the City of Santa Ana released a draft Renaissance Plan to revitalize a transit-oriented district and government center supported by two neighborhoods. The plan exemplifies New Urbanist design principles which promote mixed income residential neighborhoods and respect local culture. Using a case study in two Mexican and working-class immigrant barrios and the adjacent downtown district, we investigate these principles. We describe different community-wide perspectives concerning ‘redevelopment’ and employ a textual analysis of the Renaissance Plan. One salient finding is that local planning codes reflect and support cultural and class beliefs that alienate Latino barrios. Another finding is that it is in the construction of a new science of form that the disciplinary gaze of New Urbanism reshapes places upon cultural-alien and class-alien norms. We conclude by suggesting research on the tensions between ethno-cultural-dominant city councils and ethno-cultural and economically marginalized neighborhoods while exploring how policy and discourse impact urban place.
Perillaldehyde mitigates virulence factors and biofilm formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates, by acting on the quorum sensing mechanism in vitro

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Aim The incidence of biofilm linked catheter-associated urinary tract infections is increasing worldwide and Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the major causes. Perillaldehyde (PLD): as a natural, widely used flavouring agent, has been reported to possess various pharmacological properties. We hypothesized that PLD can inhibit biofilm formation and virulence factor (VF) production by P. aeruginosa by hampering the quorum sensing (QS) system(s). Methods and Results Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of PLD was assessed for standard strain and two multi-drug resistant catheter isolates of P. aeruginosa utilizing the microdilution method. Microtiter plate assay, crystal violet staining and scanning electron microscopy were used to evaluate the biofilm inhibition property. CFU was utilized to assess the antifouling property of PLD. Detection of VFs and expression analysis of virulence determinants were applied to investigate the anti-virulence activity. Gene expression and molecular docking studies were also executed to explore the QS inhibition and binding of PLD with QS receptors. In the present study, PLD has significantly inhibited biofilm formation and antivirulence activity at sub-MIC levels (2.5 and 3.5 mM) in all the tested strains. In addition, molecular docking studies revealed a significant affinity towards QS receptors. Discussions Perillaldehyde, being a non-toxic food flavouring agent, significantly inhibited biofilm formation and exhibited antifouling property. PLD exhibited significantly reduced levels of VFs (p &lt; 0.001) and their respective genetic determinants (p &lt; 0.001). Gene expression analysis and molecular docking studies confirmed the interactions of PLD to the QS receptors, indicating the plausible mechanism for the anti-virulence property. Significance and Impact of Study This study identified the anti-virulence potential of PLD and provided mechanistic insights. PLD can be a suitable, non-toxic candidate for countering biofilms and associated pathogens, contributing to the prevention of biofilm-associated nosocomial infections.
Microbial utilization of dissolved organic carbon leached from riparian litterfall

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in aquatic systems is abundant and used within stream food webs, but DOC quality is rarely studied. DOC in the leachates from the litter of five tree species (red alder, Alnus rubra; vine maple, Acer circinatum; western red cedar, Thuja plicata; western hemlock, Tsuga hetrophylla; and Douglas-fir, Pseudotsuga menziesii) were assessed for their chemistry and relative ability to support growth of heterotrophic, stream bacteria. Bacterial growth was measured using [ 3 H]leucine incorporated into protein over 24 h of exposure to nutrient-amended leachates. Bacterial growth was greatest in deciduous and western red cedar leachates, controlling for DOC concentration. Bacterial growth rates on most leachates were greatest after 1 h and then declined in a negative exponential pattern. The DOC less than 10 kDa supported lower bacterial growth rates than DOC from whole leachates on a per milligram DOC basis. The DOC C:N atomic ratio was the best predictor of bacterial growth (r 2 = 0.84). DOC release from western hemlock needles increased linearly during 7 days of leaching, whereas most red alder and western red cedar DOC was released after 1 and 2 days, respectively. Successional changes in composition of riparian forest trees may influence the stream microbial productivity based on the changes in dissolved organic carbon.
The rise of privatization policies: similar faces, diverse motives

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Since the 1980s privatization has become a popular policy of an increasing number of developed and developing countries. This article reviews some of the literature on privatization and policy change and seeks to explore the range of contexts within which privatization policies emerged in contemporary government. It is suggested that privatization policies are not simply an end-product of economic prescriptions, but should rather be seen as a result of an interaction of exogenous and endogenous factors, some structural and others more actor-induced. These include economic and fiscal crises, crisis of the dominant policy consensus, the emergence of a new ideological hegemony, intentions of political leaders, bureaucratic self-interest, and to some extent, client politics and international influence. What appears as similarity in privatization policy may have hidden significantly diverse policy motives.
ERRATUM : Religiosity and Adolescent Substance Use: The Role of Individual and Contextual Influences

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Correlations for variables 12 to 22 were inadvertently left off Appendix Table A.2, published in the May 2007 (volume 54, number 2) issue. The signs of correlation in column 10 (school religiosity) were also switched. Here is the corrected table.
[Detection of glomerular and non-glomerular red blood cells by automated urinary sediment analyzer].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

There is increasing interest in the examination of urine sediment to differentiate between glomerular and non-glomerular hematuria. A newly developed automated urinary sediment analyzer was used for this purpose. It clearly recognized red blood cells, white blood cells, epithelial cells, bacteria and crystals by their cell size and fluorescent intensity. Ninety-eight urine samples from 31 glomerular and 67 non-glomerular lesions were analyzed by the analyzer and 69 samples, by light microscopy. According to the analysis of their histograms, a forward scatter (FSC) intensity of less than 126, where 80% of the smaller red blood cells were observed, was diagnosed as glomerular hematuria. A FSC intensity of more than 84, where 80% of the large red blood cells were counted, was non-glomerular hematuria. An FSC intensity between 84 and 126 was considered to be the overlap zone of glomerular and non-glomerular hematuria. The sensitivity for glomerular red blood cells was found to be 100% and specificity, 92.54% by means of flow cytometric analysis. On the other hand, light microscopic analysis yielded 95.83% sensitivity and 93.33% specificity for glomerular lesions. Flow cytometric analysis of the urinary red blood cells was concluded to be a fast, simple and reliable method to differentiate glomerular and non-glomerular hematuria.