jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Comparison of telomerase inhibition by antisense-oligodeoxynucleotide and RNAi

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Objective To select an efficient method to inhibit telomerase activity, antisenseoligodeoxynucleotide and plasmid-vector mediated RNAi against hTERT were used to inhibit telomerase activity. The inhibiting effects of the two methods were compared. Methods Against hTERT mRNA, siRNA and oligodeoxynucleotide were designed and transfected into K562 cells by liposome. Effective and specific siRNA strands were selected and then plasmid was constructed and transfected into K562 cells; followed by analysis of the results. Results hTERT mRNA were detected after the three chemo-synthesized strands were transfected. It was found that si-hTERT-1 and si-hTERT-2 were effective, but si-hTERT-3 had no effect. The inhibiting effect of hTERT mRNA lasted only 48 h and disappeared at 72 h. Two siRNA strands were sieved and plasmids were constructed and transfected into K562 cells. In the P-1 group, hTERT mRNA was 0.39±0.13 at 48 h, 0.57±0.32 at 72 h. In the P-2 group, hTERTmRNA was 0.55±0.20 at 48 h, 0.88±0.23 at 72 h.In the P-1 group, the relative telomerase activity was 0.42±0.07 at 48 h, 0.31±0.08 at 72 h. In the P-2 group was 0.49±0.27 at 48 h, 0.39±0.03 at 72 h. The best concentration of siRNA was 100 μmol/L. The best concentration of ASODN was 0.6 μ mol/L. hTERTmRNA was 0.42±0.16 at 24 h, 0.71±0.18 at 48 h. Relative telomerase activity was 0.52±0.002 at 24 h, 0.482±0.018 at 48 h. Conclusion Both ASODN and RNAi targeting hTERT can inhibit the expression of hTERT mRNA, and then inhibit telomerase activity. The inhibiting effect is closely relative to the targeting site. The inhibiting effect of RNAi is better than that of ASODN. RNAi has better efficiency and lasts for a longer time. Plasmid mediated RNAi has better inhibiting effect than the chemo-synthesized siRNA.

Key words:
Telomerase,hTERT; RNAi; Antisense-oligodeoxynucleotide
Commodity Price Volatility, Fiscal Balance and Real Interest Rate

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The objective of this study is to explore the impact of commodity price volatility on the governments' fiscal balance. Using a dynamic panel data model for 108 countries from 1993 to 2018, this study finds that governments' fiscal balance deteriorates with commodity price volatility. A one standard deviation increase in commodity price volatility leads to a reduction of approximately 0.04 units in the fiscal balance as a percentage of gross domestic product. In addition, we examine the role of real interest rates in influencing the relationship between commodity price volatility and fiscal balance. The empirical results suggest that the negative impact of commodity price volatility on fiscal balance can be mitigated with a lower real interest rate.
The price of looking sexy: visual ecology of a three‐level predator–prey system

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Summary Colour signals and colour vision play a pivotal role in intraspecific communication and predator–prey interactions. However, the costs of expressing conspicuous sexual signals at multiple trophic levels have been largely overlooked. Sexual signals can also experience character displacement in sympatric populations of closely related species, leading to potential changes in conspicuousness. We here investigate a bird–damselfly–fruit fly predator–prey system, where two closely related damselfly species have conspicuous, sexually selected wing coloration. The damselflies can occur in sympatry and allopatry, and reproductive character displacement in the coloration size has been previously reported. We quantify the damselfly wing reflectance from replicated sympatric and allopatric populations, and use receptor noise models to investigate the visual discriminability of the wing coloration for the bird, damselfly and fly vision systems, against natural backgrounds. We perform electroretinograms to study damselfly eye sensitivity. We also estimate damselfly predation risk in natural populations. We find that the chromatic component of wing coloration makes males highly discriminable to the predator, but not to the prey. However, female wing coloration is predominantly cryptic for the predator and prey, and interestingly, also for male damselflies. A female being cryptic to conspecifics likely reduces male harassment. The estimates of predation risk partially support the discriminability results. We also show that there is no difference in colour vision sensitivity between the two damselfly species and sexes, and no difference in wing coloration or its discriminability between sympatric and allopatric populations. Our results suggest that sexually selected traits can be antagonistically selected by predators and prey and that this antagonistic selection can be sex‐dependent: males are paying a large cost in terms of conspicuousness, while females remain mostly cryptic. Our study thus emphasizes the need for investigating visual communication at multitrophic levels since the degree of colour discriminability can differ between predators, prey and the focal species. A lay summary is available for this article.
The Telehealth Chain: a protocol for secure and transparent telemedicine transactions on the blockchain

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Blockchain technology provides a secure and decentralized platform for storing and transferring sensitive medical data, which can be utilized to enable remote medical consultations. This paper proposes a theoretical framework for creating a blockchain-based digital entity to facilitate telemedicine services. The proposed framework utilizes blockchain technology to provide a secure and reliable platform for medical practitioners to remotely interact with patient transactions. The blockchain will serve as a one-stop digital service to secure patient data, ensure privacy, and facilitate payments. The proposed framework leverages the existing Hyperledger Fabric platform to build a secure blockchain-assisted telemedicine platform.
Seed germination methods for native Caribbean trees and shrubs : with emphasis on species relevant for Bonaire

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This paper is intended as a basis for nature restoration activities using seeds of trees and (larger) shrubs native to Bonaire with the aim of reforestation. It describes the main seed biology issues relevant for species from this region, to facilitate decisions on time and stage of harvesting, safe storage, breaking dormancy and germinating seeds and planting the young trees in the field. The paper also emphasises that natural process of seedling establishment and succession must be observed in order to be successful. The choice of species and method of protection once planted in nature will prove essential. The paper ends with stressing that such a reforestation activity needs to be planned far ahead: seeds must be collected from tree species taking care of genetic diversity and their storage potential. Recalcitrant seeds (see paper) must be treated carefully and in a different way.
Development of an Urban Simulator for Achieving a Low Carbon City

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

低炭素都市の実現には，人口の多くが住み，社会経済活動の主舞台である都市における取り組み，とりわけ民生部門・交通部門での対策が重要である．またこのような都市の低炭素化には中長期的なビジョンを持った都市計画や国土計画の役割が重要となる．そのため本研究では，まず名古屋市の民生部門を対象に，都市空間の再編及び省エネ技術導入に伴うCO2排出量の削減効果を評価するためのシミュレータを作成する．具体的には，人口及び土地・住宅・業務建物利用などのデータを用いることによって2000年から2050年までの民生（家庭・業務）部門からのエネルギー消費量及びCO2排出量を500m格子ごとに推計する．これによって，都市空間の再編及び省エネ技術導入の違いが，エネルギー消費量及びCO2排出量の削減にどの程度効果があるのかが時空間で把握できる．
Migrations of the Caenorhabditis elegans HSNs are regulated by egl-43, a gene encoding two zinc finger proteins.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

During embryonic development, the two Caenorhabditis elegans HSN motor neurons migrate from their birthplace in the tail to positions near the middle of the embryo. Here, we demonstrate that of all cells that undergo long-range migrations, only the HSNs are affected in animals that lack function of the egl-43 gene. We also show that egl-43 function is required for normal development of phasmid neurons, which are sensory neurons located in the tail. The egl-43 gene encodes two proteins containing zinc finger motifs that are similar to the zinc fingers of the murine Evi-1 proto-oncoprotein. Our genetic and molecular results suggest that egl-43 encodes two transcription factors and acts to control HSN migration and phasmid neuron development, presumably by regulating other genes that function directly in these processes.
High-speed Lissajous-scan atomic force microscopy: Scan pattern planning and control design issues

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Tracking of triangular or sawtooth waveforms is a major difficulty for achieving high-speed operation in many scanning applications such as scanning probe microscopy. Such non-smooth waveforms contain high order harmonics of the scan frequency that can excite mechanical resonant modes of the positioning system, limiting the scan range and bandwidth. Hence, fast raster scanning often leads to image distortion. This paper proposes analysis and design methodologies for a nonlinear and smooth closed curve, known as Lissajous pattern, which allows much faster operations compared to the ordinary scan patterns. A simple closed-form measure is formulated for the image resolution of the Lissajous pattern. This enables us to systematically determine the scan parameters. Using internal model controllers (IMC), this non-raster scan method is implemented on a commercial atomic force microscope driven by a low resonance frequency positioning stage. To reduce the tracking errors due to actuator nonlinearities, higher order harmonic oscillators are included in the IMC controllers. This results in significant improvement compared to the traditional IMC method. It is shown that the proposed IMC controller achieves much better tracking performances compared to integral controllers when the noise rejection performances is a concern.
Long-Range Optomechanical Interactions in SiN Membrane Arrays

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Optomechanical systems using a membrane-in-the-middle configuration can exhibit a long-range type of interaction similar to how atoms show collective motion in an optical potential. Photons bounce back and forth inside a high-finesse Fabry-Pérot cavity and mediate the interaction between multiple membranes over a significant distance compared to the wavelength. Recently, it has been demonstrated that off-resonant coupling between light and the intermembrane cavity can lead to coherent mechanical noise cancellation. On-resonance coupling of light with both the Fabry-Pérot and intermembrane cavities, predicted to enhance the single-photon optomechanical coupling, have to date not been experimentally demonstrated, however. In our experiment, a double-membrane system inside a Fabry-Pérot cavity resonantly enhances the cavity field, resulting in a stronger optomechanical coupling strength from the increased radiation pressure. The resonance condition is first identified by analyzing the slope of the dispersion relation. Then, the optomechanical coupling is determined at various chip positions over one wavelength range. The optimum coupling conditions are obtained and enhancement is demonstrated for double-membrane arrays with three different reflectivites, reaching nearly fourfold enhancement for the collective motion of R=65% double membranes. The cavity losses at the optimum coupling are also characterized and the potential of reaching the single-photon strong coupling regime is discussed.
Persepolis Fortification Elamite Tablet 0641.101, Fort 0641.101

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

[Text Description:] Administrative text with seal impression ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] Fort 0641.101 ❧ [Excavation Description:] Found during Oriental Institute's excavations in Spring, 1933, near the northeastern corner of the stone platform of Persepolis, in two small rooms of a bastion in the fortification wall ❧ [Medium:] Clay ❧ [Script Note:] Non-Alphabetic Cuneiform ❧ [Physical Object Description:] Clay tablet with cuneiform text. ❧ [Physical Object Note:] Lower left corner broken off, upper right corner broken on diagonal. Cracks on left edge, obverse, reverse, upper edge. ❧ [Physical Object Note:] 3 fragments joined together?
Development of a Domestic Market for Construction and Demolition Waste in Australia

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The growth in the generation of construction and demolition (C&D) waste in Australia and new Chinas waste policy have put pressure on the C&D waste and resource recovery industry. Therefore, new solutions need to be provided to minimize the adverse effects of C&D on the environment, society, and economy. One of the highly preferred options is to develop a domestic market for this waste stream. However, development of such a market is not straightforward and warrants a full investigation of influential factors such as legislative, technical and financial ones. Hence, this study, as a part of a bigger project entitled A National Economics Approach to Improved Management of Construction and Demolition waste, aims to review the major factors that impede or boost C&D waste market development in Australia. The results are expected to guide future attempts in creating an effective national C&D waste management in Australia.
Examining the Role of the Noradrenergic Locus Coeruleus for Predicting Attention and Brain Maintenance in Healthy Old Age, Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer’s Disease: An MRI Structural Study On the Adni Cohort

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The Noradrenergic Theory of Cognitive Reserve (Robertson, 2013-2014) postulates that the up-regulation of the Locus Coeruleus - Noradrenergic System (LC-NA) originating in the brainstem might facilitate cortical networks involved in attention, and protracted activation of this system throughout the lifespan may enhance cognitive stimulation contributing to Reserve. To test this theory, a study was conducted on a sample of 686 participants (395 Controls, 156 Mild Cognitive Impairment, 135 Alzheimer&rsquo;s Disease) investigating the relationship between LC vol-ume, attentional performance and a biological index of brain maintenance (BrainPAD &ndash; a measure which compares an individual&rsquo;s structural brain health, reflected by their voxel-wise grey matter density, to the state typically expected at that individual&rsquo;s age). Further analyses were carried out on reserve indices including education and occupational attainment. Volumetric variation across groups was also explored. Control analyses on the Serotoninergic (5-HT), Dopaminergic (DA) and Cholinergic (Ach) systems were contrasted with the Noradrenergic hypothesis. Results showed that LC volume disproportionately predicted higher attentional performance as well as biological brain maintenance the three groups. These findings lend support to the role of the noradrenergic system as a key mediator underpinning the neuropsychology of Reserve, and they suggest that early prevention strategies focused on upregulation of the noradrenergic system (e.g. attention training, physical exercise and pharmacological intervention) may yield important clin-ical benefits to mitigate cognitive impairment with age and disease.
The Relationship between the Patient Assessment of Chronic Illness Care and the Compliance with the Treatment of Individuals with Chronic Illness

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Aim This study was performed to examine the relationship between the evaluation of chronic disease care of individuals with chronic disease and their compliance with treatment. Materials and Methods: This descriptive-relationship-seeking study was conducted with patients admitted to the internal medicine clinics of a training and research hospital between June and September 2022 and accepted to participate in the study. The patient Diagnosis Form, Chronic Illness Care Evaluation Scale, and Morisky-8 Item Compliance Form were used to collect data. Data were evaluated with descriptive statistics, independent groups t-test, Kruskal-Wallis, one-way variance, and Pearson correlation analysis. Results: The overall score for the evaluation of chronic disease care of the patients included in the study was 3.46±0.57, and the mean score of the drug compliance scale was 3.81±1.95. The findings showed a positive and significant relationship between patient activation, decision support, and problem-solving sub-dimensions and the mean scores of drug compliance. Conclusion: The identified patients' satisfaction level concerning chronic disease was moderate, and their compliance with the drug was low. The results indicated that as the patient activation, decision-making, and problem-solving sub-dimensions of the patient's satisfaction with the chronic disease increased, their treatment adherence raised.
Lipoxygenase and Calcium Entry in Vascular Smooth Muscle

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

In the canine saphenous vein, inhibitors of cyclo-oxygenase augment contractile responses to acetylcholine, potassium chloride and partial alpha-adrenergic activation. This augmentation is prevented by inhibitors of lipoxygenase, and abolished by calcium entry blockers. These observations suggest that when Ca2+ enters the smooth muscle cells it activates the metabolism of arachidonic acid. If cyclo-oxygenase is inhibited, end-products of lipoxygenase exert a positive feedback on calcium entry. A similar mechanism may explain the hypoxic contractions observed in various blood vessels, including coronary arteries.
EQ insurance : the next phase of growth

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This case study outlines the strategic, marketing, and organizational issues facing EQI as it continues to grow. The information provided in the case is accurate as at 31st March 2012. \n \n \n \nFrom a teaching standpoint, the general insurance industry allows instructors to discuss about companies competing in an undifferentiated market. Readers must think strategically about the restrictions and limitations that small-medium enterprises face as they grow and look for ways to overcome these issues. Beyond limitations of the company, readers should be able to identify the problems of seeking growth in a mature industry. \n \n \n \nThis case illustrates the challenges associated with expansion for a small-and-medium enterprise. It highlights the importance of understanding the market forces of the general insurance industry and also explores human capital and marketing issues. Readers will provide strategic suggestions for the management of EQI after considering all the key information. \n \n \n \nThis case is written by Chin Mei Yi, Jeremy Gan Zhi Kai and Yuen Wei Wen, three undergraduates from the Nanyang Business School, Nanyang Technological University as part of their applied research project (ARP), under the supervision of Clive Choo, a lecturer in the Division of Strategy, Management and Organisation. The purpose of this case is written solely for the purpose of teaching illustration in a strategic management class for undergraduates. It should not be interpreted as the effective or ineffective handling of a business situation. No part of this publication may be copied, stored, transmitted, reproduced, or distributed in any form or medium without the permission of the case writers.
Agathidium mexicanum Hendrichs, 1979: Types rediscovered

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Agathidium mexicanum Hendrichs, 1979: 106 is the single Mexican species of Leiodidae described by a Mexican entomologist: Chemical Engineer Jorge Hendrichs. As an amateur coleopterist he made a beetle collection of 18,400 specimens, adequately labeled by his wife and daughter. Most of the specimens are now in the entomological collection of the Instituto de Biología, UNAM. He published 12 papers, one of them devoted to the description of one leiodid species: Agathidium mexicanum Hendrichs, 1979. Type specimens of A. mexicanum were collected in Estado de Mexico and Distrito Federal (now Ciudad de México) localities (type locality: Cerro Tlaloc, Estado de México). The type series as described in the original description was constituted by 13 specimens: Holotype (male), allotype (female) and, 11 paratypes (6 males and 5 females). For specific details, data of the material examined is fully included (Hendrichs 1979: 110):
“Sons of the Soil”: Cause Lawyers, the Togo-Cameroun Mandates, and the Origins of Decolonization

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract A century after the victorious Allied powers distributed their spoils of victory in 1919, the world still lives with the geopolitical consequences of the mandates system established by the League of Nations. The Covenant article authorizing the new imperial dispensation came cloaked in the old civilizationist discourse, entrusting sovereignty over “peoples not yet able to stand by themselves under the strenuous conditions of the modern world” to the “advanced nations” of Belgium, England, France, Japan, and South Africa. In this series of “reflections” on the mandates, ten scholars of Europe, Africa, the Middle East, Asia, and the international order consider the consequences of the new geopolitical order birthed by World War I. How did the reshuffling of imperial power in the immediate postwar period configure long-term struggles over minority rights, decolonization, and the shape of nation-states when the colonial era finally came to a close? How did the alleged beneficiaries—more often the victims—of this “sacred trust” grasp their own fates in a world that simultaneously promised and denied them the possibility of self-determination? From Palestine, to Namibia, to Kurdistan, and beyond, the legacies of the mandatory moment remain pressing questions today.
Alkaloids from Croton species. Part VIII. Morphinandienone derivatives from Croton linearis Jacq.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Countercurrent separation of alkaloidal material from Croton linearis Jacq. yielded two new alkaloids. These have been shown to be 8,14-dihydrosalutaridine (I; R1= Me, R2= H) and 8,14-dihydronorsalutaridine (I; R1= R2= H). The B : C ring junction has been assigned the cis-configuration and n.m.r. and mass spectral data of these alkaloids and some derivatives are discussed. Biosynthetic studies showed the incorporation of tritium-labelled coclaurine, norcoclaurine, and isococlaurine into 8,14-dihydronorsalutaridine.
Instrumentation for high-precision x-ray optics at the synchrotron radiation source ‘‘Zelenograd’’

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The high-precision x-ray optics station is to be installed on one of the five branches of the wiggler beamline at the new dedicated synchrotron radiation source ‘‘Zelenograd.’’ It is intended for the precision x-ray diffraction measurements using different methods which have been developed in the last decade for the structure studies of nearly perfect crystals and interfaces. The station consists of the double-crystal monochromator unit, the main goniometer with the crystal analyzer, the slit system with ion chambers, and the control and data acquisition system. The design of principal units and modules of the station is treated. The x-ray optics schemes which can be implemented on the station are described. The control and measuring system for x-ray experiments is presented.