jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Robust Gain Scheduling Control for Wave Energy Conversion

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Enhancing the power performance of wave energy converters is undoubtedly a step required to reduce the cost of energy from this source of renewable energy, thereby making it competitive to other sources of renewable energy. Increasing the power absorption can be achieved by utilizing smart and advanced control algorithms. There are theories for a variety of advanced control algorithms, but few have proved stable and reliable for real applications. An often used, and robust method for practical applications, is to apply a simple gain scheduling controller where the control gains are parameterized in function of the sea state, and not at wave-by-wave level. This paper presents a wave-by-wave adaptive controller, which has proven a robust method that can increase the power absorption performance. The use of the wave by wave adaptive controller is achieved by the identification of the instantaneous fundamental frequency in real time. One numerical procedure to achieve this frequency is using non-linear Kalman filters. But the pitfall of these non-linear filters is their sensitivity to the parameter tuning, which decreases practical usability, reliability and robustness. This paper focuses on two complementary topics. The first topic will tackle the implementation of a reliable filter for the identification of the instantaneous fundamental frequency using a particle filter. The second topic will demonstrate the implementation of the wave-by-wave gain scheduling controller. The case study is a scaled absorber of the Floating Power Plant wave and wind energy converter.
On the history of selection of ivy cultivars. III

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

New cultivars of ivy are obtained only by identifying, selecting, and stabilizing vegetative mutations — sports. Historically, ivy cultivars form a linear sequence in which each given cultivar is preceded by one mother cultivar. However, along with morphologically new mutations, «old» mutations with already known combinations of traits may reappear in some cultivars, including repeated mutations with traits of the mother cultivar and mutations with traits of the daughter cultivar. When studying repeated mutations, in some cases it becomes possible to determine the origin of the cultivars. Recognition of repeated mutations with characteristics of a mother or daughter cultivars is based on the comparison of historical data related to the first mention, original description, or registration of the corresponding cultivars. Using this approach, previously unknown mother cultivars were identified in three Hedera helix cultivars: ‘Spear Point’ – in ‘Jessica’, ‘Jubilee’ – in ‘Adam’, ‘Blue Moon’ – in ‘Colin’. For the first time, a gradual sport formation extended over years has been described, when the sport is stabilized after the passage of unstable transitional forms. The obtained data contribute to the history of the selection of ivy cultivars, which is replete with gaps, and they also afford to expand our understanding of the changes in characteristics that occur during sports formation in ivy. Moreover, they provide additional opportunities for studying the patterns of evolutionary morphogenesis under artificial selection.
A Proposal for updating the Aeronautic enlisted men’s evaluating performance instrument based on the perceptions of senior and warrant officers

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Goal: identify the key competencies, in the perception of the senior officers and the warrant officers of the Air Force, necessary for the enlisted men to perform their functions and subject to consideration for updating the existing performance evaluation instrument. Methodology: preliminarily, a documentary and bibliographic research was carried out, capable of supporting the construction of a questionnaire, which was answered by 674 senior officers and 727 warrant officers belonging to the research target audience. Data were analyzed using centrality and dispersion parameters, also considering Pearson's coefficient of variation. Results: 29 competencies could be identified as being the main key competencies, highlighting those related to the alignment with military precepts. Limitations: it is possible to obtain a large amount of data using questionnaire, but the method does not allow to deepen the structure and processes that involve the questions asked. Also, distortions can occur caused by the subjectivity present in the respondents' perception. Practical implications: the results proved to be a proposal to updating the current performance evaluation system for enlisted men. Value: the value of this research is its contribution to a better performance evaluation system for the Brazilian Air Force enlisted men. Key Words: Competencies survey; Performance evaluation; Military promotion; Professional development.
The Analysis of Potentiometric Flexible Arrayed Urea Biosensor Modified by Graphene Oxide and γ-Fe2O3 Nanoparticles

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this work, we used radio frequency (RF) system and screen printing technology to fabricate urea biosensor based on urease-maghemite nanoparticles (γ-Fe 2 O 3 NPs)/graphene oxide (GO)/nickel oxide (NiO) sensing membrane on silver conductive wire printed polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate. The V-T measurement system was used to investigate the sensing characteristics of urea biosensors based on GO/NiO sensing membrane modified by γ-Fe 2 O 3 NPs. The sensing membrane was modified by adding different contents of γ-Fe 2 O 3 NPs. The concentration of γ-Fe 2 O 3 NPs was 1 mg/mL. When the volume ratio of urease/γ-Fe 2 O 3 NPs was 1/1, it had the best sensitivity.The average sensitivity,the linearity, and the limit of detection of (LOD) of the best urea biosensor in this work were 52.36 mV/decade ± 0.22 mV/decade, 0.996, and 7.91 μM, respectively. The effect of temperature on the urea biosensor was investigated from 25 °C to 65 °C. The stability of urea biosensors was evaluated by the effect of hysteresis and long-term storage stability. After 29 days, the average sensitivity remained 80.62% of the initial value. Compared with other urea biosensors, our urea biosensor based on urease-γ-Fe 2 O 3 NPs/GO/NiO sensing membrane has better average sensitivity.
Sex and Terror: Is the Subordination of Women Associated with the Use of Terror?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The overwhelming percentage of the perpetrators of terrorism are male: is this noteworthy, or not? We believe that it is. More specifically, we believe there is a complex mix of sex-linked grievance for men, sex-linked training for men, and sex-linked lack of voice for women that facilitates, and may even catalyze, the perpetration of terrorism. Without knowledge of those sex-linked pathways, we argue that efforts to counter terror are less effective than they might be. We first survey the literature on the causes of terrorism, as well as the literature linking inequality between the sexes to incidence of terrorism. After laying this foundation, we next contribute a theoretical framework linking the subordination of women to the incentivizing of specifically male engagement in terrorism, and then test that framework through aggregate statistical testing on a sample of 155 nations for a variety of non-state and state terrorism outcome variables. The subordination of women, as also mechanisms of marriage market obstruction including brideprice, prove highly significant and with notable effect sizes even after controlling for several alternative explanatory variables. Finally, we probe implications of our findings for efforts to counter terrorism and violent extremism.
Aplastic Anemia With Concomitant Incidental Systemic Mastocytosis: Report of an Unusual Case

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aplastic anemia is characterized by multilineage cytopenias and bone marrow hypoplasia.In this process, mast cells are spared or increased in number.Previously reported cases of mastocytosis in the setting of aplastic anemia have lacked the diagnostic features of clonal mast cell proliferation.Current WHO criteria include a major criterion of multifocal dense infiltrates of mast cells (more/equal to 15 cells in aggregate), with one of the minor criteria: more than 25% of them having spindle-shaped or atypical morphology, detection of KIT mutation, expression of CD2 and/or CD25, and serum total tryptase greater than 20 ng/dL.We report an unusual case of aplastic anemia with concomitant incidental systemic mastocytosis.A previously healthy 51-year-old man presented with petechial rash of several weeks, WBC of 2,800/μL, hemoglobin of 6.1 g/dL, platelet count of 46,000/μL, and neutrophil count of 924/μL.Rash has spontaneously resolved.Bone marrow biopsy showed trilineage hypoplasia with overall cellularity less than 5%.Unexpectedly, biopsy showed 2 compact masts cell aggregates of greater than 15 cells each with atypical spindled morphology intermixed with small lymphocytes.Mast cells were positive for tryptase and CD2, fulfilling the diagnostic criteria for systemic mastocytosis.Systemic mastocytosis can present with cytopenias; however, overt marrow failure is described only secondary to extensive bone marrow infiltration or fibrosis.In the presented case, the mast cell aggregates were sparse and were found in the background of aplastic anemia.The significance of these 2 processes occurring concomitantly is unclear.However, the case illustrates that mastocytosis in the setting of aplastic anemia may represent a clonal mast cell process in rare cases.
Evaluating Potential QT Effects of JNJ‐54861911, a BACE Inhibitor in Single‐ and Multiple‐Ascending Dose Studies, and a Thorough QT Trial With Additional Retrospective Confirmation, Using Concentration‐QTc Analysis

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Nonclinical assays with JNJ‐54861911, a β‐secretase 1 inhibitor have indicated that at high concentrations, it may delay cardiac repolarization. A 4‐way crossover thorough QT (TQT) study was performed in 64 healthy subjects with 50 and 150 mg JNJ‐54861911 once daily for 7 days, placebo, and 400 mg moxifloxacin. Retrospective high‐precision QT (HPQT) analysis was performed on serial elecrocardiograms extracted from first‐in‐human single‐ascending dose (SAD) and multiple‐ascending dose (MAD) studies to evaluate if early studies could detect and predict QT effect. In the TQT study, a high therapeutic 50 mg dose did not cause QT prolongation, and an effect >10 milliseconds could be excluded at all postdose timepoints. QT prolongation with peak effect on placebo‐corrected change from baseline QTcF of 15.5 milliseconds (90%CI, 12.9‐18.1 milliseconds) was observed following a supratherapeutic dose (150 mg). No clinically relevant QT changes were observed in earlier studies. However, with SAD/MAD findings by HPQT, the slope of the exposure–response (ER) relationship in the SAD study (doses up to 150 mg) was similar to the TQT study slope, and the estimated QT effect was comparable at high plasma levels. In the MAD study, doses up to 90 mg once daily for 7 days resulted in JNJ‐54861911 peak plasma concentrations (C max ) comparable to those in the SAD study (∼750 ng/mL), but ER by HPQT failed to detect a QT effect and resulted in negative estimations. Adding a higher dose cohort (150 mg; C max , 1125 ng/mL) demonstrated a QT effect, with a slightly lower ER slope than the TQT study. JNJ‐54861911 (up to 50 mg) did not cause QT prolongation at clinically relevant plasma concentrations in any studies. Provided sufficiently high plasma concentrations were captured, mild QT prolongation observed postdose with a supratherapeutic dose could be detected (TQT study) and estimated in SAD/MAD studies. Based on population pharmacokinetic modeling and simulation, 5 and 25 mg doses are currently considered for further phase 3 studies and are expected not to cause any relevant QT prolongation.
Faults Diagnosis Between PEM Fuel Cell and DC/DC Converter Using Neural Networks for Automotive Applications

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract—Fault tolerance in proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) and power converters for automotive applications has become crucial in order to increase the reliability of the power train. As a matter of fact, the occurrence of faults in PEMFC and power converters has undesirable effects on the whole power train such as decreasing of the efficiency and lifetime of the components (PEMFC, converters). The purpose of this paper is to present a fault diagnosis method for PEMFC and DC/DC converter. This fault diagnosis is based on neural networks (NNs) modeling approach combined to numerical simulation in which a new developed sensitive model of PEMFC and an interleaved DC/DC converter have been especially used. Specifically, in this study drying and flooding faults that usually occured in PEMFC according to operations condition variation such as temperatue, humidity and pressure have been considered. Moreover, the power semiconductor failures in DC/DC converter have been taken into consideration in this study. Keywords—PEM Fuel cell, Interleaved DC/DC converter, fault diagnosis, Neural networks. I.
Postoperative heterotopic ossification in patients with ankylosing hyperostosis on the spine (Forestier's disease).

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Heterotopic ossification following hip surgery occurred in three patients with ankylosing hyperostosis of the spine. No technical difficulty during surgery was encountered in these individuals. The occurrence of this postoperative complication, coupled with the appearance of bony outgrowths at sites of ligament attachment throughout the axial and extra-axial skeleton in patients with ankylosing hyperostosis of the spine, suggests the presence of an underlying ossifying diathesis, diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH). A significant number of patients with DISH possess the second segregant series antigen, HLA-B27, a feature they share with individuals with other arthropathies characterized by abundant ossification; this gene may be closely related to one which influences bone formation. The possible association of postoperative heterotopic ossification and ankylosing hyperostosis of the spine indicates that a radiographic examination of the vertebral column in patients undergoing hip surgery may be a useful screening procedure.
Analysis of the rust on an ancient iron halberd.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Chemical analysis of a small amount of rust was taken from the blade part of a halberd excavated in an old tomb has revealed that magnetile ores were used as the starting raw material. The carbon content of the steel of the blade was estimated to be about 0.5 to 0.6% by the examination of microstructure of rust. The composition of non-metallic inclusions in the steel suggests that fluxes mixed with CaO-containing materials were utilized in the steelmaking process. Method for manufucturing the halberd is also discussed.
Sandstone Petrology and Geochemistry of the Kolhan Basin, Eastern India: Implications for Basin Tectonics

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The 2.2-2.1 Ga pear shaped Kolhan basin show the development of a time transgressive group in a passive rift setting caused due to the fragmentation of the Columbia supercontinent. The Kolhans while showing a variability in the thickening/thinning of the quartzo-feldspathic, quartzolithic, and quartzose sandstones, do also show a similarity in compositional and dispersal characteristics to both underlying and overlying strata, phenomenon termed here congruence. A combined petrologic and geochemical analysis of sandstone suites (congruence suite) can be used to track changes in the sediment supply from adjacent areas if (1) a long-term record of the basin fill is available (2) the source signal is preserved by “proximal” depositional conditions and (3) diagenetic alteration of sediments is limited. Provenance-derived variations in sandstone compositions are therefore a key in unraveling regional tectonic histories. The basin axis controlled the progradation direction which was likely driven by climatically induced sediment influx, a eustatic fall, or both. In the case of the incongruent shift, increased sediment supply permitted the rivers to cross the basinal deep. Temporal association of the Kolhans with tectonic structures in the belt indicates that syntectonic thrust uplift, not isostatic uplift or climate, caused the influx of quartz. The Kolhans display increasing textural and mineralogical maturity from base to top of its lithological succession. Continued regression and peneplanation heralded the deposition of supermature sandstone in the uppermost horizons of the Kolhans.
Game Intros blog - Abarenbou Tengu (Zombie Nation)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Another Japanese NES game. Looks pretty nice shooter. This video contains Intro and 2 cpu controlled demos. Last the startup of the game. I had to cut this video because Intro were too long for second time. It seemes that the rolling demos is the same, but the second is much longer than the first one. Enjoy!
Response to Part II

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Paul Knitter responds to the two essays on Barth and Buddhism in chapters 4 and 5 from his own unique perspective as a “double belonger,” one who is nurtured by and engages in both Christian and Buddhist practices. From that vantage point, and drawing from decades of theological scholarship in religious pluralism, Knitter critically engages Lai and Farwell, suggesting in the end that all efforts in comparative theology with Barth must acknowledge more honestly the inherent dualism and Christomonism in his approach.
Peripheral Vascular Disease “A Spectrum”

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: To observe the spectrum of peripheral vascular disease presenting in a tertiary care hospital. Method: This observational, descriptive study was carried out in Surgical Unit –I at Holy Family Hospital, Rawalpindi over a period of two years. All the patients presenting with peripheral vascular disorders excluding acute vascular trauma patients, diabetics and varicose veins patients were included in the study. Results: A total of 49 patients presented to the hospital. The male to female ratio was 2:1.The average age of presentation was 50.2 years. About 35% patients presented with occlusive disease, 18% with autoimmune disease and 14% with embolism. The less common causes of peripheral vascular disorders included femoral pseudoaneurysms in 8% patients and true aneurysms of iliac, popliteal and subclavian arteries in 12% patients. Bilateral gangrene of both lower limbs was seen in 4% patients. Conclusion: Peripheral vascular disease is commoner in males and is mostly seen in the sixth decade of life. Atherosclerotic occlusive disease is the commonest cause of peripheral vascular disease followed by vasculitis, embolisms and aneurysms.
An analytical approach for predicting the fillet and contact stresses in symmetric and asymmetric spur gears under frictional mesh assumptions

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A precise estimation of the bending and contact stresses, as well as the true friction value during the gear mesh, are critical aspects of a cost-effective and safe gear design. Previous studies have usually neglected friction by assuming a frictionless contact. Additionally, the impact of friction on the bending stress of spur gears has rarely been addressed. Moreover, to the authors' best knowledge, the impact of friction on the weakest section, stress concentration factor, and Lewis form factor remain unexplored for both symmetric and asymmetric gears. This study presents an analytical model incorporating friction at different contact locations to calculate the variables related to the tooth's weakest section. This model facilitates the evaluation of the stress concentration factor, Lewis form factor, and maximum tensile stress for symmetric and asymmetric gears. The proposed model is especially beneficial for assessing the load-carrying capacity of spur gears operating in challenging conditions. The results showed that the asymmetric spur gear is superior to its equivalent symmetric counterpart in terms of tooth form factor; however, this superiority decreases as the coefficient of friction increases. In addition, friction has been found to have a greater effect on fillet stress than contact stress. For μ = 0.2, at the HPSTC, the contact load and tooth form factor decreased by 7 % and 12 %, respectively, and the fillet stress worsened by 13 % compared to the frictionless assumption. Meanwhile, at the LPSTC, the stress concentration factor and contact stress increased by 9 % and 3 %, respectively.
A review of the living resources of the central Indian ocean

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In this paper the potential resources of the Central Indian Ocean bordering India, Pakistan, Ceylon \nBurma, west coast of Thailand and extending upto 45° S latitude and covering an area of about 25 million \nsquare kilometres have been reviewed and the potential yield of the area has been assessed separately for the demersal and pelagic fisheries. The estimated production in 1966 from the area was about 1.5 million tonnes. A minimum potential yield of about 4-0 million tonnes has been assessed for the area.
Fetal malformations detected with magnetic resonance imaging in the diabetic mother

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Elevation of blood sugar level during pregnancy is linked to suboptimal perinatal outcomes, including miscarriage, fetal malformations, stillbirth, and birth asphyxia. Diabetes mellitus is considered a major risk factor for abnormal fetal development. Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common medical disorders during pregnancy, affecting approximately 3%–10% of women. Due to the higher chance of fetal malformations, detailed routine fetal ultrasound examination is offered in pregnant women with diabetes mellitus, especially for those with poor glycemic control in the first trimester. Ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are considered as complementing imaging technologies. Ultrasound has been the principal imaging modality in fetal medicine. MRI is an alternative imaging method that can confirm or complement abnormal ultrasound findings. Fetal caudal regression syndrome is usually detected by screening ultrasound examination. It has a typical sonographic finding of a sudden interruption of the spine with absent or hypoplastic sacrum.
HighWolbachiadensity in insecticide–resistant mosquitoes

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Wolbachia symbionts are responsible for various alterations in host reproduction. The effects of the host genome on endosymbiont levels have often been suggested, but rarely described. Here, we show that Wolbachia density is strongly modified by the presence of insecticide-resistant genes in the common house mosquito, Culex pipiens. The Wolbachia density was estimated using a real-time quantitative PCR assay. Strains harbouring different genes conferring resistance were more infected than a susceptible strain with the same genetic background. We show that this interaction also operates in natural populations. We propose that mosquitoes may control Wolbachia density less efficiently when they carry an insecticide-resistant gene, i.e. when they suffer from a physiological resistance cost.