jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The craniocervical venous system in relation to cerebral venous drainage.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The lateral, posterior, and anterior condylar veins and the mastoid and occipital emissary veins connect the dural venous sinuses of the posterior cranial fossa with the vertebral venous systems. These connections are clinically relevant, because encephalic drainage occurs preferentially through the vertebral venous system in the upright position. The ACC is a constant anatomic structure that may play an important role in the redirection of cerebral blood in the craniocervical region.
WFIRST Observatory Performance

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The WFIRST observatory will be a powerful and flexible wide-field near-infrared facility. The planned surveys will provide data applicable to an enormous variety of astrophysical science. This presentation will provide a description of the observatory and its performance characteristics. This will include a discussion of the point spread function, signal-to-noise budgets for representative observing scenarios and the corresponding limiting sensitivity. Emphasis will be given to providing prospective Guest Observers with information needed to begin thinking about new observing programs.
Repeated fatigue failure of shaft of cableway

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The shaft of the drive of a cable car failed after three years' service and was replaced by a newly designed one. This shaft again failed after three years. This second failure of the shaft was thoroughly analyzed and attributed to fretting fatigue. A numerical analysis of the fretting contact problem was performed by the finite element method in order to improve the design to prevent future failure with the limiting condition that no changes were allowed to buildings and to the general design of the cableway.
Enhanced phrenic long‐term facilitation in rats with motor neuron death from intrapleural CTB‐saporin injections (713.1)

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating disease leading to progressive motor neuron degeneration and death by ventilatory failure. In a model of ALS (SOD1 G93A ), pLTF following acute intermittent hypoxia is enhanced at disease end‐stage by unknown mechanisms (Nichols et al., ibid , 2010). Intrapleural injections of cholera toxin B fragment conjugated to saporin (CTB‐SAP) selectively kills respiratory motor neurons and mimics motor neuron death observed in ALS rats (Nichols et al., ibid , 2013). This CTB‐SAP model allows us to study the impact of respiratory motor neuron death on breathing without many complications attendant to ALS. Here, we tested the hypothesis that phrenic motor neuron death is sufficient to enhance pLTF. pLTF was assessed in anesthetized, paralyzed and ventilated Sprague Dawley rats 7 and 28 days following bilateral intrapleural injections of: 1) CTB‐SAP (25μg), or 2) un‐conjugated CTB and SAP (control). CTB‐SAP enhanced pLTF at 7 (CTB‐SAP: 145±22%, n=10 vs . Control: 54±5%; n=15; p<0.05), but not 28 days post‐injection (CTB‐SAP: 61±14%, n=11 vs . Control: 37±9; n=5; p>0.05). Thus, pLTF at 7 (not 28) days post‐CTB‐SAP more closely resembles pLTF in end‐stage ALS rats, suggesting that processes unique to the period of active motor neuron death enhance pLTF. This project increases our understanding of respiratory plasticity and its implications for breathing in motor neuron disease. [Supported by NIH HL080209, HL69024 and the Francis Families Foundation] Grant Funding Source : Supported by NIH HL080209, HL69024 and the Francis Families Foundation
Provision of mental health care in general practice in Italy.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The main features of the psychiatric system and of the general practice system in Italy since the psychiatric reform and the introduction of a national health service are briefly described. Research conducted in Italy confirms that a large proportion of patients seen by general practitioners have psychological disorders and that only some of those patients whose psychological problems are identified by general practitioners are referred to specialist psychiatric care. Thus, the need to identify the best model of collaboration between psychiatric services and general practice services is becoming increasingly urgent. The chances of improving links between the two services and of developing a satisfactory liaison model are probably greater in countries such as Italy where psychiatric services are highly decentralized and community-based, than in countries where the psychiatric services are hospital-based.
EVI1 is critical for the pathogenesis of a subset of MLL-AF9–rearranged AMLs

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract The proto-oncogene EVI1 (ecotropic viral integration site-1), located on chromosome band 3q26, is aberrantly expressed in human acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with 3q26 rearrangements. In the current study, we showed, in a large AML cohort carrying 11q23 translocations, that ∼ 43% of all mixed lineage leukemia (MLL)–rearranged leukemias are EVI1pos. High EVI1 expression occurs in AMLs expressing the MLL-AF6, -AF9, -AF10, -ENL, or -ELL fusion genes. In addition, we present evidence that EVI1pos MLL-rearranged AMLs differ molecularly, morphologically, and immunophenotypically from EVI1neg MLL-rearranged leukemias. In mouse bone marrow cells transduced with MLL-AF9, we show that MLL-AF9 fusion protein maintains Evi1 expression on transformation of Evi1pos HSCs. MLL-AF9 does not activate Evi1 expression in MLL-AF9–transformed granulocyte macrophage progenitors (GMPs) that were initially Evi1neg. Moreover, shRNA-mediated knockdown of Evi1 in an Evi1pos MLL-AF9 mouse model inhibits leukemia growth both in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that Evi1 provides a growth-promoting signal. Using the Evi1pos MLL-AF9 mouse leukemia model, we demonstrate increased sensitivity to chemotherapeutic agents on reduction of Evi1 expression. We conclude that EVI1 is a critical player in tumor growth in a subset of MLL-rearranged AMLs.
Cytomegalovirus pneumonia.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) pneumonia is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in allogeneic bone marrow transplant and lung transplant recipients. However, its role as a cause of lung disease in patients with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is controversial. Although CMV can be isolated from lung specimens in patients with HIV-associated respiratory illness, it is rarely the causative pathogen. Most adults with HIV infection have latent CMV infection of many tissues including the lung, and most cases of CMV pneumonia are believed to be caused by reactivation secondary to severe immunocompromise. The clinical presentation of pneumonia caused by CMV pneumonia is similar to that of Pneumocystis carinii, with fever, cough, hypoxemia, and diffuse radiographic opacities. Although the two infections can not be differentiated on clinical grounds alone, the presence of extrapulmonary CMV disease and the use of recent cytotoxic chemotherapy or corticosteroids suggests the diagnosis of CMV pneumonia. Although approximately 60% of cases respond initially to anti-CMV therapy, the disease is associated with progression and high early mortality, probably related to severe underlying immunosuppression.
Overexpression of Polo-like kinase1 (PLK1) in chondrosarcoma and its implications for cancer progression.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Polo-like kinase1 (PLK1) is a new therapeutic target for osteosarcoma with good application prospects. Whether PLK1 is highly expressed in chondrosarcoma and whether PLK1 can be a potential therapeutic target for chondrosarcoma are worth exploring. However, PLK1 expression in chondrosarcoma is scarcely investigated. Therefore, we collected 11 cases of chondrosarcoma and 26 cases of osteochondroma with complete clinical pathological data and used immunohistochemical staining to detect the expression of PLK1 in chondrosarcoma and osteochondroma and then studied its significance and relationship with clinical pathological parameters. Our results showed that the positive expression rate of PLK1 in chondrosarcoma tissue (90.91%, 10/11) was significantly higher than the rate of osteochondroma tissues (53.85%, 14/26) (P<0.05). The expression of PLK1 enhanced gradually with the increase in histological grade (P<0.05). PLK1 was highly expressed in chondrosarcoma, and the high expression of PLK1 might be involved in cartilage tumor malignant progression.
β2 adrenergic receptors and leptin interplay to decrease food intake in chicken

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

1. The present study was designed to examine the effects of intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of different α and [Formula: see text] adrenergic receptor antagonists on leptin-induced hypophagia in broiler chickens.2. The study consisted of six experiments. In all experiments, chickens were deprived of feed for 3 h prior to the ICV injections and thereafter were returned immediately to the individual cages and cumulative feed intake, based on the percentage of body weight, was measured at 30, 60 and 120 min post-injection.3. In experiment 1, leptin (2.5, 5 or 10 µg) were injected in birds. In experiment 2, groups received either control solution, prazosin (10 nmol), leptin (10 µg) or a co-injection of prazosin (10 nmol) and leptin (10 µg). The other experiments were conducted as experiment 2, but instead of prazosine (10 nmol), yohimbine (13 nmol) was used in experiment 3, metoprolol (24 nmol) in experiment 4, ICI 118,551 (5 nmol) in experiment 5 and SR 59230R (5 nmol) in experiment 6 were injected either in a group or in combination with leptin (10 µg).4. The results of this study revealed a dose-dependent hypophagic effect of leptin and, in experiment 5, ICV co-injection of ICI118, 551 (5 nmol) and leptin (10 µg) significantly attenuated this effect (P˂0.5). These results suggest that the hypophagic effect of leptin is probably mediated by β2 adrenergic receptors in chickens.
You’re the emotional one: the role of perspective for emotion processing in reading comprehension

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Two experiments were conducted to explore whether perspective influences the way readers engage with and process emotional information while reading. Texts presenting characters in an emotional situation from either a personal or an onlooker perspective were presented and reading times were measured for each sentence. Participants also provided emotional self-ratings after reading. In the first experiment, positive texts were processed with greater ease, especially when readers experienced the texts from a personal perspective. In Experiment 2, an emotional match/mismatch was inserted so that a final explicit emotion word either matched or mismatched the emotional valence of the text. Mismatch effects were stronger and more consistent for the personal perspective. The two experiments provide evidence that the perspective of the reader can influence emotion processing. Processing of emotional information was easier for the personal perspective, and readers were more sensitive to inconsistent emotional information from that perspective.
Distributed attitude and position consensus for networked rigid bodies based on unit dual quaternion

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper provides unified solutions for distributed attitude and position consensus problems for networked fully actuated rigid bodies under the fixed and undirected communication topology, based on unit dual quaternion. We investigate two kinds of consensus, i.e., leader-following consensus with a static leader and leaderless consensus. Firstly, the dynamics of rigid bodies are presented by unit dual quaternion. The control torques and the control forces of rigid bodies are also given from unit dual quaternion. Secondly, the consensus problem with a static leader is studied. And with the proposed control law, all rigid bodies converge to the constant desired attitude and the constant desired position. Thirdly, we propose a distributed control law to guarantee that the attitudes and positions of all rigid bodies converge to the same values respectively without a leader.
Computer‐Aided Development of New Nonlinear Optical Materials

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Exploring new nonlinear optical (NLO) materials is an urgent need for advanced photoelectric technologies. However, the discovery of new materials with targeted properties is time‐consuming, and involves various challenges by the traditional trial‐and‐error experiments. Recently, the theoretical prediction‐guided structural design has been demonstrated as a feasible way for efficiently developing new NLO materials, and a large number of NLO candidates with excellent optical properties have been explored. To promote the development of high‐performance NLO materials, this review provides a summary on the exploration of new NLO materials aided by computer, with a particular emphasis on the state‐of‐the‐art research advances that including crystal structure predictions, optical & thermal property calculations, high‐throughput screening of NLO materials with or without machine learning; and the progress achieved in the computer‐assisted design and development of new deep ultraviolet (DUV), ultraviolet (UV), infrared (IR) NLO materials in various material systems: oxide, chalcogenide, nitride, and halide. Finally, the opportunities and forthcoming challenges in the fascinating field are discussed.
Experienceing bisexual identity: the effect of identity threat and identity verification on bisexual individuals

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Bisexuality and bisexual identity are underrepresented within the realm of psychological research. For instance, when considering all of the journal articles published on the topic of same-sex experience, only 16% of those articles mention bisexuality in their title (Rosenthal, 2012). This underrepresentation of bisexuality within research appears even more disproportionate when one considers that reported rates of bisexuality are noticeably higher than reported rates of homosexuality, especially so among women under 30 (Diamond, 2008). This research was an attempt to remedy this disparity in knowledge, as well as to learn more about bisexual identity, identity uncertainty, and health and wellness outcomes associated with positive and negative identity experiences. Study One tested whether the construct of prototypicality from Self-Categorization Theory and Social Identity Theory applies to the social identity of bisexuality. I manipulated perception of bisexual prototypicality and measured how that affects positive and negative affect, individual and collective self-esteem, stress, and identity centrality and certainty. While the manipulation overall was not significant, there were marginally significant results that indicated participants in the high prototypicality condition had lower reports of self-esteem and identity certainty and centrality and higher reports of negative affect than their peers. Study Two investigated whether Identity Theory applies to bisexual identity, specifically whether identity verification results in positive affect and behaviors and identity threat results in negative affect and behaviors. Study Two was a longitudinal daily diary study that asked participants to record daily experiences of bisexual identity verification and identity threat, as well as positive and negative health behaviors. The results of the study did not support the hypothesis of negative and positive identity events influencing affect and behaviors, but initial reports of negative affect, self-esteem, and identity certainty were related to initial status and change in stress and anxiety.
A Müllerian Duct Remnant without Associated Stigmas of Intersex: Report of a Case

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

No AccessJournal of Urology1 Jul 1973A Müllerian Duct Remnant without Associated Stigmas of Intersex: Report of a Case S.A. Stuppler, C.A. Naranjo, and S.J. Kandzari S.A. StupplerS.A. Stuppler More articles by this author , C.A. NaranjoC.A. Naranjo More articles by this author , and S.J. KandzariS.J. Kandzari More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)60136-8AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail © 1973 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 110Issue 1July 1973Page: 133-135 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 1973 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information S.A. Stuppler More articles by this author C.A. Naranjo More articles by this author S.J. Kandzari More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF DownloadLoading ...
Cointegration for structural damage detection under environmental variabilities: An experimental study

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

An intricacy in vibration-based structural damage detection (VSDD) relates to environmental variabilities imposing limitations to the damage detectability. One method that has been put forth to resolve the issue is cointegration. Here, non-stationary vibration features are linearly combined into stationary residuals, which are then employed as damage indices under the assumption that the non-stationarity is governed by environmental variabilities. In the present paper, the feasibility of using cointegration to mitigate environmental variabilities while retaining sensitivity to damage is examined through an experimental study with a steel beam. A temperature-based environmental variability is introduced to the beam by use of a heating cable, while damage is emulated by adding local mass perturbations. The vibration response of the beam in different environmental and structural states is captured and utilized as features in a cointegration-based damage detection scheme. The performance of the scheme is assessed and compared to that of a scheme not accounting for the variability on the basis of the false positive ratio (FPR), the true positive ratio (TPR), and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). The results show that cointegration effectively mitigates the temperature variability and allows for an improved damage detectability compared to that of the scheme without a mitigation strategy
Keep It Simple: Testing Databases via Differential Query Plans

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Query optimizers perform various optimizations, many of which have been proposed to optimize joins. It is pivotal that these optimizations are correct, meaning that they should be extensively tested. Besides manually written tests, automated testing approaches have gained broad adoption. Such approaches semi-randomly generate databases and queries. More importantly, they provide a so-called test oracle that can deduce whether the system's result is correct. Recently, researchers have proposed a novel testing approach called Transformed Query Synthesis (TQS) specifically designed to find logic bugs in join optimizations. TQS is a sophisticated approach that splits a given input table into several sub-tables and validates the results of the queries that join these sub-tables by retrieving the given table. We studied TQS's bug reports, and found that 14 of 15 unique bugs were reported by showing discrepancies in executing the same query with different query plans. Therefore, in this work, we propose a simple alternative approach to TQS. Our approach enforces different query plans for the same query and validates that the results are consistent. We refer to this approach as Differential Query Plan (DQP) testing. DQP can reproduce 14 of the 15 unique bugs found by TQS, and found 26 previously unknown and unique bugs. These results demonstrate that a simple approach with limited novelty can be as effective as a complex, conceptually appealing approach. Additionally, DQP is complementary to other testing approaches for finding logic bugs. 81% of the logic bugs found by DQP cannot be found by NoREC and TLP, whereas DQP overlooked 86% of the bugs found by NoREC and TLP. We hope that the practicality of our approach---we implemented in less than 100 lines of code per system---will lead to its wide adoption.
Routing the Extreme Right

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Between 2014 and 2017, the Islamic State maintained vibrant communities on a range of social media platforms. Due to aggressive account and content takedown policies by the major platforms, these visible communities are now almost non-existent. Following the March 2019 Christchurch attack, the question as to why major platforms cannot rout the extreme right in the same way has repeatedly arisen. In this article, Maura Conway explores why this is not as straightforward as it may seem.
Influence of sodium humate and nutritive conditions on the content of nucleic acids, particularly on the ribosomal ribonucleic acid in wheat roots

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Changes in the nucleic acid (NA) content were studied in roots of young wheat plants cultivated under various nutritive conditions, namely in a nutrient solution, in distilled water and in a solution of sodium humate in distilled water. Changes in the ribosomal ribonucleic acid (RNA) in particular and their connection with growth rate were investigated. The amount of the NA fraction investigated (more than 90 per cent of which is represented by the ribosomal RNA) changed substantially under the cultivation conditions studied. In roots of one plant cultivated in water the content of the NA fraction investigated was at the most about 25 μg and it began to decrease as early as from the second day of cultivation. After 12 days of cultivation it decreased to 15 μg. When cultivated in Na-humate the roots contained at the most 33 μg NA, between the 5th–7th day, followed by an intensive decrease after 12 days, to 17 μg. The content of the fraction investigated in wheat plants cultivated in a nutrient solution was about double the value in comparison to these two cases with the maximal value about 60 μg between the 7th–9th day. After 12 days this amount decreased to 45 μg. The ratio between the growth rate and the NA content presented positive values only when plants were cultivated in a nutrient solution and in Na-humate until the day when the NA content ceased to increase. In the case of Na-humate this took place on the 6th day and in the case of a nutrient solution on the 9th day. Under conditions favourable for growth (in a nutrient solution and in field conditions) the precultivation of wheat plants in Na-humate resulted in a more intensive growth of roots in comparison with the root growth of plants precultivated in distilled water. In plants precultivated in distilled water for 4 days the growth rate continuously increased under favourable nutrition conditions in contrast to plants transferred from distilled water as late as on the 6th day. Their growth stopped after the transplantation and was restored only after a 2 day lag phase. On the other hand, in plants precultivated in Na-humate the transfer to favourable nutritive conditions resulted in both cases in a short term cessation of growth.