jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Delayed colonic motilty in functionally deficient mice of myosin phosphatase inhibitory protein, CPI-17

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background RhoA/Rho kinase and PKC/CPI17mediated signaling can inhibit myosin phosphatase to induce contraction in smooth muscles.However it is still unclear how the signaling plays an important role to regulate gastrointestinal motility in vivo.Aim Intestinal and colonic contractile and transit abilities were tested using CPI17 deficient (KO),phospho-inactive mutant CPI17knock in (TA) and wild type mice (WT).Methods Isometric force and phosphorylation of Myosin light chain (MLC) and CPI17 stimulatedwith Carbochol (Cch)were measured.Transit abilities were observed by FITC dextran and dextran beads method, respectively.Results High concentration of KCl induced contractions were no difference among WT, KO and TA of ileal and colonic circular muscles.However the sustained contraction by Cch of ileum and colon in KO and TA were decreased compared with WT.The MLC phosphorylation level was also lower in KO and TA than WT.Ileal transit ability did not change in KO and TA compared with WT.In contrast,colonic transit in KO and TA were significantly delayed compared with WT.Conclusion CPI17 is important to maintain the sustained contraction of gastrointestinal tract due to receptor stimulation in vitro.In addition, the PKC/CPI17 pathway is more important for maintenance in colon transit ability than ileal part in vivo.
Investigation of Allelopathic effects of coumarin on lettuce from physiological - molecular and biochymical aspects

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Coumarins are regarded as a class of plant secondary metabolites of phenyl propanoid group distributed in Apiaceae family. The simple coumarin is the first compound of the class. In the present work, allelopathic potential of coumarin on the charasteric plant in allelopathic studies, Lactuca sativacv.siahoo, was investigated. At first stage, the effects of different concentration of the compound on some growth parameters of the plant such as seed germination, radicle and gemmule growth were studied. After determent of the compound optimal concentration, the germinated seeds of lettuce were cultured in peat contained pots and then were watered with Hoagland nutrition solution enriched with 2 and 10 µg/mL of coumarin. After plant growth, the effects of coumarin on some physiological and biochemical parameters were evaluated. Our results showed that lettuce seed germination was reduced by coumarin in a dose dependent manner. At the concentration of 1mg/mL the germination was inhibited entirely. Radicle and gemmule growth, wet and dried weight of roots and aerial parts of treated plants and spad chlorophyll significantly reduced by coumarin treating, as well as. However, no significant difference was recorded in chlorophyll florescence between control and coumarin treated plants. The specific activity of some antioxidant enzymes like catalase, protease and poly phenol oxidase were increased in treated plants than control, however, the activity of ascorbate peroxidase was decreased. Total protein decrease and quantitative and qualitative changes in electrophoretic pattern of aerial parts proteins were observed in treated group than control, as well as. It was concluded that coumarin as an allochemical infected lettuce of different physiological , biochemical and molecular aspects. The plant response to the stress as allochemical stress is similar to some abiotic stress such as drought or salinity.

Keywords: Allelochemical, Biochemical, coumarin, Molecular, Physiological

Keywords: Ascorbate peroxidase,coumarin, Catalase, Lactuca sativa, Polyphenol oxidase, Protease, Protein electrophoretic pattern.
The global existence of L∞$L^{\infty }$ solutions to isentropic Euler equations in general nozzle

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Abstract In this paper, we study the global entropy solutions for the Cauchy problem of the isentropic gas dynamics system in a general nozzle with bounded initial date. First, we apply for the flux‐approximation technique coupled with the classical viscosity method to obtain the estimates of the viscosity solutions. Second, we prove the pointwise convergence of the approximation solutions by using the compactness framework for any adiabatic exponent .
Some Correlates of Attitudes towards Old People

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

A group of 103 undergraduate students responded to a semantic differential measure of the attitude toward old men, and to a number of measures assessing potential correlates of this attitude. Attempts were also made to assess the validity of an indirect measure of the attitude toward elderly. Older men were evaluated less positively; they were judged less decisive, and instrumental as compared with younger men. Of all the variables studied only two were significantly related to attitudes toward older men, i.e., socioeconomic status of parents and frequency of contact with elderly. The outcomes with regard to the validity of the indirect measure of attitudes were ambiguous at best.
Peer‐Effects in Obesity among Public Elementary School Children: A Grade‐Level Analysis

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Using a panel dataset at the grade level from Arkansas public schools, this study finds that changes in the obesity prevalence at the oldest grade are associated with changes in obesity prevalence at younger grades. Furthermore, analysis across different school types shows that the peer effects are statistically significant but the magnitude of the effect is greater in kindergarten to fourth‐grade schools than in kindergarten to sixth‐grade schools. We also use tests on spatial and temporal dimensions, as well as by weight status grouping, to provide evidence that these peer effects are more than just a statistical correlation.
Elevated serum melatonin levels during human late pregnancy and labour

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Melatonin (MLT) shows an influence on gonadal steroid genesis, and has soporific effects. Serum MLT levels were examined during late pregnancy and 4 days after delivery in 25 women. Circulating levels of melatonin were analysed as integrated values (areas under the curve [AUC]) over 24 hours, 5 to 2 days before and 4 days after delivery. Antepartum AUCs were significantly increased compared with postpartum AUCs. Additionally, MLT levels were measured every 2 hours in a subgroup of 11 women during spontaneous labour between 08.00 and 12.00 h at a time when physiological serum MLT levels were low. Increased MLT levels were determined and compared to MLT levels measured in a previous evaluation of the antepartum AUCs. Elevated serum MLT levels during late-pregnancy and labour may influence the concentration of receptors of gonadal steroids in the gravid uterus at term and the psychic perception of painful uterine contractions during labour.
“God speaks to me through a dove”. The evidence of clozapine in treatment-refractory psychosis

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Introduction Clozapine is an atypical antipsychotic synthesised in 1958. It was withdrawn from the market in the 1970s due to the appearance of agranulocytosis, but was reintroduced due to strong evidence of its efficacy and superiority over other antipsychotics in treatment-resistant schizophrenia. Objectives To describe the adequate response to clozapine in treatment-refractory psychosis. Methods Review of the scientific literature based on a relevant clinical case. Results A 16-year-old woman was admitted to a psychiatric inpatient unit for psychotic symptoms and behavioural disorders. She lives with her father and older sister; she has not been in contact with her mother, who lives in another country, for several years. She attends secondary school, with poor academic performance. Maternal diagnosis of schizophrenia. She started using cannabis two years ago, with a progressive increase up to 20 grams per week. He reports the onset of a feeling of strangeness a year ago, with progressive isolation in his room, referring to delirious ideation of harm towards classmates and people from his town, self-referentiality and delirious interpretations of religious mystical content (“God speaks to me through a dove”). He comments on the phenomenon of theft and thought-reading. Soliloquies and unmotivated laughter are observed. Conclusions Treatment was started with risperidone, progressively increasing the dose up to optimisation, without achieving a decrease in positive symptoms, but with the appearance of excessive sedation and sialorrhoea. It was combined with aripiprazole up to 20mg, maintained for a couple of weeks, without significant clinical improvement. Given the failure of two lines of therapy, it was decided to change to clozapine up to a dose of 75mg, with adequate tolerance and response, achieving a distancing of the delirious ideation. Regular haematological controls were performed, with no alterations in haemogram or troponins. Disclosure of Interest None Declared
Examination of AODV Routing Protocol with Wormhole Attack

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In Adhoc Network, Mobile Adhoc Network (MANET) is vibrant Adhoc network.MANET is collection of mobile network devices that are connected through wireless medium i.e., radio signals.These mobile network devices form a dynamic topology i.e., mobile nodes move freely and quickly, in and out from network.These is no central control for co-coordinating these network device i.e. decentralized network .These devices control each other directly i.e, peer-to-peer connection.The dynamic nature of MANET makes it vulnerable to variety of security threats like wormhole attack, eavesdropping etc.The performance and reliability of the network is affected by making alteration in routing protocols by the attacker.Wormhole attack is a type of tunneling attack where an attacker at one end of tunnel attracts data packets from one hop neighbors and transmits these data packets to another attacker of the tunnel which delivers these data packets to destination node.Transmitting data packets through tunnel may result various security attacks like wormhole attack, black hole attack, eavesdropping attack.This proposed paper examines the consequences of wormhole attack in AODV routing protocol based MANET using OPNET Simulator.
Enhancing Feedback for Academic Writing across Research Degrees

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This UK Higher Education Academy (HEA) project was aimed at exploring research students’ perceptions of what helps them develop their academic writing. Students and graduates from across university subjects answered questions developed around the theme of effective feedback for academic writing comprising: (a) supervisors’ feedback; (b) training; (c) cohort experiences; and (d) personal strategies for academic writing development. A generative model of research students’ writing development, outlining the factors influencing this development and the steps students need to take to progress from students to graduates was drafted after the first analysis of data and discussed at the British Educational Research Association Annual Conference 2012. The project linked with the HEA Employability theme. Developing academic writing is a crucial skill not only for completing degrees but to increase the employability of graduates, who at research job interviews have to evidence expertise in preparing reports and literature reviews. This project made transparent the factors involved in developing academic writing so that areas for development can be shared effectively with students and supervisors across institutions delivering research degrees.
Clinical Significance of CDH13 Promoter Methylation in Serum Samples from Patients with Bladder Transitional Cell Carcinoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

H-cadherin (CDH13; also known as T-cadherin), which functions as a tumour suppressor, is frequently silenced by promoter methylation in human cancers including bladder transitional cell carcinoma (TCC). This study investigated the clinical significance of methylation of the CDH13 gene promoter in serum from patients with bladder TCC. Methylation status of CDH13 in serum samples from 127 patients with primary bladder TCC and 41 healthy volunteers (controls) was examined by methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction. CDH13 methylation was found in 39 patients with bladder TCC (30.7%) but in no controls. CDH13 methylation was significantly associated with advanced tumour stage, high-grade tumour, large tumour size, tumour recurrence and poor prognosis. The results suggested that CDH13 methylation in serum may be a potential predictive biomarker for malignancy in bladder TCC, and an independent pre-therapeutic predictor of outcome. Demonstration of CDH13 methylation in serum may facilitate in the prediction of which patients require more aggressive additional post-operative systemic therapy.
Unilateral peak nasal inspiratory flow, normal values in adult population

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Aims: Measurement of Peak Nasal Inspiratory Flow (PNIF) is a cheap, simple, easily performed method to assess nasal patency and it is suitable for serial measurements and for home use. The purpose of this study was to establish normative unilateral PNIF data for a healthy adult population and provide charts relating unilateral PNIF normal values with various explanatory variables. Methods and results: Repeated measurements of PNIF and unilateral PNIF were performed in 109 volunteers. Ninety seven of these fulfilled the study criteria and all of them were non-smokers, non-asthmatic, without nose and paranasal sinus problems, with ages ranging from 13 to 80 years. Data were statistically analysed and tables were produced relating unilateral PNIF to height which was the only studied variable that correlated statistically with unilateral PNIF. Conclusions: The measurement of unilateral PNIF, providing the present data are confirmed in a larger series, could be a useful method to study single nostril patency to aid diagnosis of nasal disease, especially when it is necessary to assess the functional effects of unilateral nasal septal deviations or in all cases where there is a suspicion of a unilateral nasal occlusion. This pilot study provides initial normative unilateral PNIF data.
Application of paper sludge ash and incinerated sewage ash in emulsified asphalt cold mixtures

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Certain disadvantages could have appeared while using hot mix asphalt (HMA), such as the release of unhealthy gases into the environment (environmental issues), difficulty in sustaining the temperature over long distances (logistical issues), and consuming a sufficient amount of energy while preparing and laying down (practical and economic issues). To overcome the aforementioned issues, this study aimed to develop rapid-curing emulsified asphalt cold mixes (EACM) comprising a cementitious filler made from industrial by-product materials. Paper sludge ash (PSA) is used as an active filler for application in the EACM rather than conventional mineral filler. Additionally, to maximize the effect of PSA’s hydraulic activity, incinerated sewage ash (ISA) is utilized as an activator at a concentration of 0%–4% by mass of the aggregates. The results demonstrate that the use of waste PSA significantly improves the indirect tensile stiffness modulus (ITSM) by around 10 times more after 2 days than the traditional emulsified asphalt cold mixes. In addition, the improvement in ITSM was around 30% and 65% for 6%PSA+1%ISA and 6%PSA+4%ISA mixes, respectively. Furthermore, the rutting for the 6%PSA+1%ISA and 6%PSA+4%ISA mixes decreased to around 19% and 11% in comparison to the traditional 131-pen HMA. The formation of hydration products and rapid demulsification of asphalt emulsion, which results in binding within the mixtures, are responsible for the increased ITSM and rutting resistance. As a result, environmental issues are minimized, and energy preservation may be maintained.
Rebuilding the Leninist Party Rule: Chinese Communist Party under Xi Jinping's Stewardship

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In 2015, Xi Jinping tried to restore many Leninist features to the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). He took measures to rebuild the ideological faith, entrench Party organisations with state administration and run the CCP as a meritocracy. “Party groups” (dangzu) are extended to non-governmental, non-profit and other societal organisations. He insisted that party members must observe both formal disciplines and informal norms of the Party, and show loyalty to the leadership.
The Bigger Picture of Digital Interventions for Pain, Anxiety and Stress: A Systematic Review of 1200+ Controlled Trials

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract The aim of this systematic scoping review was to gain a better understanding of research trends in digital mental health care. We focused on comorbid conditions: depression, anxiety, and pain–which continue to affect an estimated 20% of world population and require complex and continuous social and medical care provisions. We searched all randomized controlled trials on PubMed until May 2021 for any articles that used a form of information and communication technology (ICT) in relation to primary outcomes anxiety, pain, depression, or stress. From 1285 articles that satisfied the inclusion criteria, 890 were randomized trials with nearly 70% satisfactory outcomes. For depression and anxiety, the most frequently reported, were web-based, or mobile apps used for self-monitoring, and guided interventions. For pain, VR-based interventions or games were more prevalent, especially as tools for distraction, or as stimuli for mechanistic studies of pain or anxiety. We discuss gaps in knowledge and challenges that relate to the human factors in digital health applications, and underline the need for a practical and conceptual framework for capturing and reporting such variations.
A multilayered approach to superconducting tunnel junction x ray detectors

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

'First generation' superconducting tunnel junction X-ray detectors (characterized by a single tunnel junction in direct contact with its substrate, with totally external amplification) remain more than an order of magnitude away from their theoretical energy resolutions which are in the order of eV's. The difficulties that first generation devices are encountering are being attacked by a 'second generation' of superconducting X-ray detector designs including quasiparticle trapping configurations and Josephson junction arrays. A second generation design concept, the multilayered superconducting tunnel junction X-ray detector, consisting of tens to hundreds of tunnel junctions stacked on top of one another (a superlattice), is presented. Some of the possibilities of this engineered materials approach include the tuning of phonon transmission characteristics of the material, suppression of parasitic quasiparticle trapping and intrinsic amplification.
Uniqueness of real closure * of regular rings

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In this paper we give a characterisation of real closure * of regular rings, which is quite similar to the characterisation of real closure * of Baer regular rings seen in [4]. We also characterize Baer-ness of regular rings using near-open maps. The last part of this work will concentrate on classifying the real closure * of Baer and non-Baer regular rings (upto isomorphisms) using continuous sections of the support map, we construct a topology on this set for the Baer case. For the case of non-Baer regular rings, it will be shown that almost no information of the ring structure of the Baer hull is necessary in order to study the real and prime spectra of the Baer hull. We shall make use of the absolutes of Hausdorff spaces in order to give a construction of the spectra of the Baer hulls of regular rings. Finally we give example of a Baer regular ring that is not rationally complete.
Vitamin A deficiency and colonic electrogenic absorption and secretion in the rat.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The effects of vitamin A deficiency on electrogenic transport in the colon were examined in rats made vitamin A deficient at weaning by feeding a vitamin A deficient diet for 40 days. A pair fed control group was given the same diet but supplemented with soluble vitamin A in their drinking water. The basal and stimulated electrogenic secretory and absorptive functions of the muscle stripped proximal, mid, and distal colon were examined in vitro using the short circuit current (Isc) as the index of net ion transport. A significant increase in the basal and secretory Isc (mainly Cl-ions) induced by the cholinergic agonist bethanechol was observed in the mid-colon of the vitamin A deficient rats. In the distal colon, however, vitamin A deficiency caused a significant reduction in both the basal and secretory Isc response to bethanechol compared with the vitamin A supplemented pair fed control. Secretory Isc induced by dibutyryl cyclic adenosine monophosphate was not significantly altered by vitamin A deficiency. The condition abolished the response of the distal colon to luminal amiloride (0.1 mmol/l). Thyroid hormone induced reduction in the distal colonic response to aldosterone is implicated in this lack of response. This is the first experimental linkage between vitamin A action, the thyroid hormone and aldosterone on colonic function. The colonic changes induced by vitamin A deficiency, namely hypersecretion and a reduced electrogenic distal absorptive function, together with the previously described small intestine hypersecretion may be the underlying basis for the diarrhoea observed in human and animal vitamin A deficiency.
Rice Leafhopper and Planthopper Honeydew as a Source of Host Searching Kairomone for the Mirid Bug Predator, Cyrtorhinus lividipennis (Reuter) (Hemiptera: Miridae)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Kairornonal activity of honeydew of rice green leafhopper (GLH) Nephotettix virescence (Distant) and planthoppers viz ,,brown planthoppcr (RPH) Nilaparvata lugens (Stal) and whitebacked planthopper (WBPH) Sogatella furcifera (Horv) on their mirid bug predator Cyrtorhinus lividipennis (Reuter) was studied in the laboratory. Honeydew of all the hoppers was found to be attractive to all stages of the mirid bugs both in the Petri-dish and olfactometer bioassays, Mirid bugs were attracted to the treated spot, moved (quickly on the untreated area, searched slowly on the treated spot making sharp turns and showed antennal palpation. When choice was given between BPH and WBPH honeydew, mirid bugs preferred to move towards BPH honeydew. When choice was given among RPH, WBPH and GLH honeydew, mirid bugs showed the highest response to GLH honeydew followed by that of BPH and WBPH. Mirid bug nymphs perceived and reached the honeydew source quickly compared to the females. In olfactometer studies, mirid bugs behaved similarly when released in groups and individually.