jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Normal 123I‐MIBG uptake areas may be associated with hyperinnervation and arrhythmia risk in phenol model rabbit hearts

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Iodine‐123 metaiodobenzylguanidine ( 123 I‐MIBG) is useful for detecting sympathetic innervation in the heart, and has been closely associated with fatal arrhythmias. However, such imaging is typically calibrated to the area of highest uptake and thus is unable to identify areas of hyperinnervation. We hypothesized that normal 123 I‐MIBG uptake regions in the denervated heart would demonstrate nerve sprouting and correlate with the potential for arrhythmogenesis. Methods Twenty New Zealand white rabbits treated with phenol or sham were prepared under anesthesia. Sympathetic innervation was quantified using autoradiography and immunostaining 4 weeks after phenol application, and electrophysiological study was performed. Results 123 I‐MIBG revealed maximal local differences in isotope uptake in the border zone between areas with attenuated and abundant MIBG compared with that seen between adjacent regions within the lowest uptake areas. On immunostaining, heterogeneous and decreased expressions of growth‐associated protein 43 signal were observed in the MIBG‐attenuated areas; however, abundant signals were recognized in the MIBG‐abundant areas. Upregulation of the tyrosine hydroxylase signal was observed at the part of the MIBG‐abundant area. In electrophysiological study, the dispersion of activation recovery interval (ARI) was increased in the phenol‐applied areas by norepinephrine infusion. Stellate stimulation exacerbated the ARI dispersion in both the phenol‐applied and nonapplied areas, and was associated with increased inducibility of ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation. Conclusions The presence of hyperinnervation in the nondenervated regions of denervated rabbit hearts suggests that heterogeneous neural remodeling occurs in regions with seemingly normal 123 I‐MIBG uptake and contributes to electrical instability.
Handicapped Infants

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

To the Editor.— The following statement has been approved by the majority of faculty members of the Department of Pediatrics of Northwestern University Medical School and The Children's Memorial Hospital. "Recently issued federal regulations called for posting of signs and provision of `hot lines' to report cases where treatment is withheld from handicapped infants. Such regulations implied that a widespread campaign exists whereby hospitals and physicians secretly decide who should survive. In fact, no such sinister campaign exists.
Aerobic bacterial profile and antibiotic resistance in patients with diabetic foot infections

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The present study confirmed the high prevalence of multidrug-resistant pathogens in diabetic foot ulcers. It is necessary to evaluate the different microorganisms infecting the wound and to know the antibiotic susceptibility patterns of the isolates from the infected wound. This knowledge is crucial for planning treatment with the appropriate antibiotics, reducing resistance patterns, and minimizing healthcare costs.
High Temperature Material Considerations in Chemical Waste Incinerators

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The complex and corrosive nature of the incineration environment coupled with high temperatures can lead to premature failure of various metallic components in an incinerator. Specifying materials solely for service in non-corrosive, high-temperature environments is somewhat straight forward and well understood. However, the effects of corrosion on the alloy's properties and its subsequent life expectancy is not well known and difficult to predict. The importance of appropriate material selection, failure analysis, fabrication technique and process control are illustrated by discussion of a case history involving an incinerator chute.
Inhibitory Effects of Kimchi Extracts on Carcinogen - induced Cytotoxicity and Transformation in C3H / 10T1 / 2 Cells

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Inhibitory effects of kimchi extracts on carcinogen-induced cytotoxicity and transformation in C3H/10T1/2 cells were studied. The methanol extract(500㎍/ml) of fresh(unfermented kimchi), and 3-week-fermented kimchi(properly ripened kimchi at 5℃) inhibited 3-methylcholanthrene(MCA)-induced cytotoxicity in C3H/10T1/2 cells by 84 and 99%, respectively. The inhibitory effect of 3-week-fermented kimchi was higher than that of the fresh kimchi at same test condition. The methanol soluble fraction, and haxane extract of 3-week fermented kimchi also surpressed the cytotoxicity of C3H/10T1/2 cells mediated by 7,12-dimethylbenz[a] anthracene(DMBA) and N-methyl-N´-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine(MNNG). Furthermore, MCA-induced transformation of C3H/10T/1/2 cells was significantly inhibited by the methanol soluble fraction of 3-week fermented kimchi. With these results, we suggest that kimchi might have anticarcinogenic effect in part due to inhibition of carcinogen-induced cytotoxicity and transformation of C3H/10T/1/2 cells.
Additional file 6: of Genome-wide association study for hereditary ataxia in the Parson Russell Terrier and DNA-testing for ataxia-associated mutations in the Parson and Jack Russell Terrier

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Manhattan plot of â log10 P-values of the genome-wide association study for hereditary ataxia in Parson Russell Terriers using a general model analysis. On the X-axis, the SNPs are given by dog chromosome number. The â log10P-values for each SNP genotype effect are plotted against the SNP position on each chromosome. Chromosomes are differentiated by colors. The color keys are given below the plot. The blue line indicates the threshold of the â log10 P-values for genome-wide significance after Bonferroni correction. (PDF 138 kb)
Morph-specific correlations between floral traits in a distylous Ophiorrhiza napoensis (Rubiaceae) population in southern China

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Floral trait correlations were compared between the two flower morphs of a distylous Ophiorrhiza napoensis population in a subtropical evergreen forest at the Defu Natural Animal Preserve, Guangxi, China. Common principal component analyses indicated that overall patterns in correlations among floral traits were morph specific in the study population. Strong positive correlations (r > 0.9) between anther height and corolla-tube length were found in both morphs. Stigma height correlated positively with corolla-tube length in the long-styled morph (r = 0.843), but not in the short-styled morph (r = −0.018). Flower-morph-specific correlation suggests that natural selection by pollinators has moulded trait covariance among floral traits. Because morph-specific correlations are expressed as the patterns of within-morph variation among multiple traits, putative genes responsible for the stigma-corolla tube correlation should not link to the supergene for sex-organ reciprocity between the morphs, but their expression is limited in the long-styled morph.
Ambedkar’s Approach to International Relations and India’s Foreign Policy

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

B. R. Ambedkar has been a towering personality of modern India who was instrumental in igniting the minds of the current and next generations of citizens. However, his views on various social, economic, and political aspects have been discovered and analyzed by several scholars, but his approach to studying and analyzing international relations and Indian foreign policy has remained in a shadow. However, he used a pragmatic approach to India’s foreign policy and international relations which could be more beneficial for a new India, or it could contribute to creating a powerful image of India in the world as a great and independent power. This paper tries to examine the role of Ambedkar in India’s Foreign Policy and approach to International Relations. Analytical and descriptive method has been adopted for the examination of his approach and a way to handle the same. As a result, it has been found that sometimes he adopted a liberal and realist approach, and sometimes he adopted a socialist or rationalist approach, which was, in total a pragmatic approach in itself. Thus, he was a doctor who knew the treatment according to the disease.
Alteration of mitochondrial homeostasis is an early event in a C. elegans model of human tauopathy

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Tauopathies are a group of progressive neurodegenerative disorders characterized by the presence of insoluble intracellular tau filaments in the brain. Evidence suggests that there is a tight connection between mitochondrial dysfunction and tauopathies, including Alzheimer's disease. However, whether mitochondrial dysfunction occurs prior to the detection of tau aggregates in tauopathies remains elusive. Here, we utilized transgenic nematodes expressing the full length of wild type tau in neuronal cells and monitored mitochondrial morphology alterations over time. Although tau-expressing nematodes did not accumulate detectable levels of tau aggregates during larval stages, they displayed increased mitochondrial damage and locomotion defects compared to the control worms. Chelating calcium restored mitochondrial activity and improved motility in the tau-expressing larvae suggesting a link between mitochondrial damage, calcium homeostasis and neuronal impairment in these animals. Our findings suggest that defective mitochondrial function is an early pathogenic event of tauopathies, taking place before tau aggregation and undermining neuronal homeostasis and organismal fitness. Understanding the molecular mechanisms causing mitochondrial dysfunction early in tauopathy will be of significant clinical and therapeutic value and merits further investigation.
RESEARCH OF LIFE RESILIENCE WAYS OF MODERN TEENAGERS

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The theoretical analysis of the actual problem of life resilience as an integral personality trait that is responsible for the success of overcoming life difficulties is provided in the article. Three autonomous components of it (inclusiveness, control, acceptance of risk), life resilience orientation, life resilience relationships and features of life resilience of person’s behavior are characterized. The possible consequences of insufficient development of life resilience are noted. The results of the empirical research of life resilience ways in the completion period of its forming — in adolescence are examined. The relationship between life resilience of modern teenagers and their motivation, interpersonal relations and coping strategies, namely fields of life in which life resilience is most clearly observed is shown. According to the results of the research, it is found that teenagers with the high level of life resilience (it is 56 % by our data) in stressful situations choose strategies aimed at solving problems, they are motivated by the desire to achieve success, ready to take risks, are close to their social environment, and on the contrary want to maintain contacts with others and take responsibility for their own actions. Teenagers with the low level of life resilience (it is 26 % by our data) in stressful situations want to avoid solving problems individually, and more often they devalue its significance. They are motivated to avoid failures and focus more on themselves, limiting the circle of close people. In life such teenagers take a passive position without trying to change something. Materials of the research can be used by practical psychologists for the organization of corrective work with teenagers.
Effect of Nd3+ Doping on Magnetic and Dielectric Properties of SrFe12O19 Hexaferrite Synthesized by Coprecipitation Method

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Magnetic and dielectric properties of hexagonal ferrites important for applications in microwave absorbers are strongly determined by the processing conditions.We studied dielectric and magnetic response of Sr1¡xNdxFe12O19 (x 0, 0.03, 0.05, 0.07, 0.09) solid solutions obtained by coprecipitation method.The structure of the samples was controlled by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope images revealed that the powder is a mixture of small nanograins and crystallites of 500 nm-1 µm in size.Nd 3 doping was found to result in an increase in the coercive field which we would like to relate to the domain wall pinning.The doping-induced changes are monotonous with x up to 0.07.The observed dispersion of permittivity was found to be correlated with the frequency behaviour of electric conductivity of the samples.
&quot;Athleticated &quot; Versus Educated: A Qualitative Investigation of Campus Perceptions, Recruiting and African American Male Student-Athletes

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to conduct a qualitative investigation of student narratives (N = 167) about the contemporary issue of recruiting high-profile African American male student-athletes. Participants were asked to view a scene on recruiting from the film, The Program (1994). Participants were then presented with questions regarding a recruiting trip by an African American football player to a traditionally white campus. Findings indicate that both Black and White students perceived the African American male student-athletes in the film scene to be more &quot;athleticated&quot; than educated. They were also perceived as stereotypical sex-objects. When athletes (especially male) show up at the school, the program does everything it can to show the athlete how fun it would be to go to school there, i.e., greeted by beautiful women, surrounded by beautiful women and taken to parties with beautiful women. Nothing academic is shown to them (016).2
Plane-wave imaging of in utero mouse embryo at 18 MHz

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Plane-wave imaging methods allow for high-speed image capture at a time interval equal to round trip acoustic propagation. Plane-wave imaging is ideally suited for cardiovascular imaging where fine-temporal resolution can reveal important information about cardiac mechanics and blood flow patterns. While plane-wave imaging has been demonstrated in humans for cardiovascular studies, its use in mouse models lags because instrumentation is not yet widely available at appropriate ultrasound frequencies. Thus, the amount of functional information that can be mined from mouse models of cardiovascular disease is limited. Here, an 18-MHz linear-array probe was used to acquire plane-wave data at a frame rate of 10 kHz from an in utero, E14.5 mouse embryo. The probe had 128 elements, 1.5 mm elevation aperture, and 8-mm elevation focus. The mother was placed supine on a heated mouse imaging platform, and then, a series of 2D + time data sequences were captured. The data were beamformed using standard delay-and-sum methods, and then, vector flow estimates were obtained at each pixel location using a least-squares, multi-angle Doppler analysis approach. Although not optimally suited for imaging mouse embryos, the 18-MHz data clearly revealed blood flow patterns in the liver, heart, and umbilical cord.
The SOSSUS report and its impact on neurosurgery

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

✓ The recently completed report of the Study on Surgical Services for the United States (SOSSUS) reveals several features of interest to neurosurgeons. There are approximately 2000 individuals practicing neurosurgery in the United States at the present time. Three-fourths of them are board-certified, and about 100 residents complete their training each year. Neurosurgical training rates have been increasing at six to 10 times the growth rate for the nation's population. Despite moderate variation in regional geographic distribution of practicing neurosurgeons, there is no real evidence of underserved areas. Distribution is even in communities with a population of 75,000 and greater. A critical feature of practice is that of work loads. Diagnostic studies make up a large portion of neurosurgical work, and the SOSSUS Area Studies reveal that complex operations are relatively infrequent. This has serious implications regarding the maintenance of clinical competence, and in concentrating sufficient clinical experience to train future generations of neurosurgeons. It is important to realize that the number of neurosurgeons now in practice is sufficient to meet the nation's needs. Selective cutbacks in training programs by approximately 20% seem to be in order, in coordination with similar cuts in the other surgical specialties as well. This should be accompanied by a readjustment to a modest growth rate, approximately 1% per 5 years, in the ratio of neurosurgeons per 100,000 population. An accurate system of data collection is needed to provide the basis for future change in response to alterations in national needs.
Using CT imaging to evaluate changes in transport properties of thermochemical storage materials

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Thermochemical energy storage (TCS) based on reversible gas-solid reactions has great potential to be part of a future diverse energy system. Not only do these storages work at a wide range of temperatures at potentially high energy storage densities, they also offer unique features due to the controllability of the reaction temperature according to their thermodynamic equilibrium. Modelling and simulation of TCS are being intensively investigated. This is quite challenging as the solid bulks undergo significant mechanical and chemical changes due to the thermochemical cycling, which represents the charging and discharging of the thermal storage. These changes are very difficult to model and parametrize. The structural changes in the reacting solids, however, lead to significant changes in the heat and mass transfer properties of the storage material, which are particularly problematic in applications requiring high performance. As a result, the design of suitable reactors for TCS is challenging, as the actual properties of the reacted storage material cannot be predicted based on the current state of knowledge. In this contribution, two TCS systems with water vapor as gaseous reaction partner are considered. The reaction between SrBr2 monohydrate and anhydrate is currently investigated as chemical heat pump with reaction temperatures of 180-280 °C, while the reaction between Ca(OH)2 and CaO is mainly considered for applications such as seasonal storage or power plant integration (reaction temperature 450-600 °C). Both reaction systems have been demonstrated in kW-reactors - and both systems have significant limitations at technical scale due to structural changes of the involved solid bulks.
Adoptive Immunotherapy with Autologous CD25-Depleted and CD3/CD28-Costimulated T-Cells (ACTC) Enhances Numeric and Functional Lymphocyte Recovery after Cyclophosphamide - Fludarabine Chemotherapy in Patients with Low-Grade Follicular Lymphoma.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Fludarabine-based chemotherapy combinations are highly effective in patients (pts) with low-grade follicular lymphoma (FL), but cause severe and long-lasting immunosuppression due to depletion of normal CD4 T-cells. Aside from increasing the risk of serious infections, this toxicity may limit the ability of the immune system to eliminate minimal residual disease. Adoptive immunotherapy using autologous CD25-depleted, CD3/CD28-costimulated T-cells expanded ex vivo (ACTC) may enhance immune reconstitution and improve disease control. We initiated a phase I study in pts with purine analog-naive relapsed/refractory FL (grades 1 and 2). After leukapheresis, pts receive 4 cycles of fludarabine (25 mg/m2) days 1 – 3 and cyclophosphamide (250 mg/m2) days 1 – 3. Four weeks after last chemotherapy, responding patients (CR, CRu, PR) receive escalating doses of ACTC prepared from autologous T-cells collected prior to chemotherapy. Thirteen pts have been enrolled to date. Median age is 49 y (range: 32 – 68). Median number of prior therapies is 2 (range: 1 – 3). Two pts were withdrawn from the study due to hematologic toxicity related to chemotherapy, one patient was withdrawn for progressive disease during chemotherapy, and one patient has not completed first response assessment after ACTC infusion. For 9 assessable pts completing chemotherapy and ACTC infusion, 7 pts achieved a CR and 2 pts achieved a PR; 5 pts received 1 – 5 x 109 and 4 patients received 5 – 10 x 109 CD3+ ACTC. There have been no adverse events related to T-cell infusions. Median follow-up after ACTC infusion is 20 months (range: 2 – 42 months). CD4 counts increased in all patients by 1 month after T-cell infusion, with a median increase of 3.8 fold (n = 8; range: 1.5 – 71). For patients at dose level 1, the median increase was 2.2 fold (n = 4; range: 1.5 – 21); at dose level 2, it was 4.2 fold (n = 4; range: 3.8 – 71). CD8 counts also increased, with a median increase of 8.1 fold (range: 1.0 – 30). All 9 pts receiving ACTC were anergic to candida antigen by delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) skin testing before chemotherapy; 5 pts developed a positive DTH response to candida antigen 60 days after ACTC infusion. From the start of therapy for patients receiving T-cells, median follow-up is 24 months (range: 6 – 47) with median progression-free survival of 18 months, which is significantly longer than the time to progression from last therapy (median 11 months) (p = 0.01, log-rank test). Thus, ACTC results in more rapid CD4+ lymphocyte recovery in pts after cyclophosphamide-fludarabine chemotherapy compared to historical controls and results in reconstitution of recall immunity. These encouraging clinical responses provide the rationale for clinical trials to test ACTC as a way to enhance cellular immunity to tumor-specific antigens after chemotherapy.