jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Immunomodulatory role of mitochondrial DAMPs: a missing link in pathology?

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

In accordance with the endosymbiotic theory, mitochondrial components bear characteristic prokaryotic signatures, which act as immunomodulatory molecules when released into the extramitochondrial compartment. These endogenous immune triggers, called mitochondrial damage‐associated molecular patterns (mtDAMPs), have been implicated in the pathogenesis of various diseases, yet their role remains largely unexplored. In this review, we summarise the available literature on mtDAMPs in diseases, with a special focus on respiratory diseases. We highlight the need to bolster mtDAMP research using a multipronged approach, to study their effect on specific cell types, receptors and machinery in pathologies. We emphasise the lacunae in the current understanding of mtDAMPs, particularly in their cellular release and the chemical modifications they undergo. Finally, we conclude by proposing additional effects of mtDAMPs in diseases, specifically their role in modulating the immune system.
The geography of urban social control: Group Areas and the 1976 and 1980 civil unrest in Cape Town

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In 1976 large-scale civil unrest occurred in Cape Town. There can be no exact casualty count, but of the 128 people reported killed, at least 108 were shot by the police during the months of August and September. This was the first time that so-called 'Cape Coloured' people, who in general terms occupy an intermediate position in the South African racial hierarchy between the ruling whites and the subordinated Black Africans, had rioted on such a large scale. There are many ways of containing potential unrest, such as the parading or the exercise of armed might; or the use of secret police power; or the careful control of education; or of the content of the communications media; or the gradual permitting of access to consumer goods to a selected portion of Black African urban workers in return for political docility.
The Political Sins of Jon Stewart

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Additional informationNotes on contributorsRoderick P. HartRoderick P. Hart holds the Shivers Chair in Communication and Government at the University of Texas at AustinE. Johanna HarteliusJohanna Hartelius is a doctoral candidate in the Communication Studies Department at the University of Texas at Austin (1 University Station, A1105; Austin, TX 78712-01105)
Mobile terminal based mobile learning system design

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In recent years, with the development of mobile computing technology, mobile learning based on smart phone and other mobile terminal is coming. Learners can study with their mobile devices at anytime and anywhere, which breaks in time and space constraints of traditional learning. Learners can take full advantage of spare time in life to do autonomic learning. This paper has explore the concept and characteristics of mobile learning, mobile devices and other related issues, which proposed design principles for mobile learning system of mobile terminal equipment, and designed the technology architecture of the learning system.
Mitral Stenosis and Systemic Emboli

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Systemi( Embolism-Somerville and Chambers moMEDMCALHNAL 1169 convey good protection against systemic emboli (Szekely, 1964).The operation designed to prevent further emboli consists of amputation of the appendix and correction when possible of the valve disease, even though it is trivial.Left atrial appendicectomy was recommended by Madden ( 1949), but he reported on only two cases, the results were not convincing, and he did not press home his argument. SummarySystemic embolism in patients with mitral stenosis was more than three times commoner when the left atrial appendix was large than when small.Conversely, the left atrial appendix was larger in patients with a history of embolism than in those without it.The occurrence of embolism rose steeply in successive decades when the appendix was large but not when it was small.The left atrial appendix should be amputated at mitral valvotomy as an extra precaution against embolism.A number of patients presenting with systemic embolism and only slight rheumatic mitral-valve involvement have disproportionate enlargement of the left atrial appendix.Amputation of the appendix and relief of mitral stenosis, how- ever slight, is recommended here as a protection against further emboli.We are grateful to the physicians and surgeons of the Middlesex and Harefield Hospitals, to Dr. A. Kardalinos, and to
Sezary syndrome in a young woman.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A young female patient suffered for 4 months from a widespread erythrodermic rash of unknown origin, marked by a peculiar hyperaesthesia. Haematological and biopsy findings were initially non-specific. A rapid deterioration, accompanied by infiltration of the skin, lymphadenopathy and hepatosplenomegaly was suggestive of Sezary syndrome, which was confirmed by finding of 40% of the lymphocytes being atypical (Sezary cells).
Building the Tibetan Plateau During the Collision Between the India and Asia Plates

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The Tibetan Plateau is the highest and widest orogenic plateau on Earth, towering over the world at an average altitude of 4,500 m and over 800 km. While far from being an exhaustive review of the existing data and models, this chapter presents some recent constraints and models that provide an integrated and improved understanding of the enigmatic plateau building. It also presents some analogue and numerical models at the lithospheric/upper mantle scale to better understand the dynamics of subduction, mantle flow and the formation of the plateau as a result. In Tibet, the global positioning system velocity field relative to Eurasia shows a dominant north-eastward motion of the plateau. At depth, seismic profiles are used to constrain the deformation of the lower crust and of the lithospheric mantle beneath Tibet.
High SYK Expression Drives Constitutive Activation of CD21low B Cells

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Human CD21low B cells present with an activated phenotype and accumulate in distinct disorders connected with chronic immune stimulation. Signaling studies had revealed an increased basal phosphorylation of spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) and phospholipase Cγ2. Additional BCR stimulation of these constitutively active cells, however, led to reduced activation of these signaling molecules and subsequently NF-κB and Ca2+ activation. In this article, we demonstrate that high SYK expression is a common feature of CD21low B cells independent of the underlying disorder, and that this high expression is sufficient to drive constitutive phosphorylation of SYK and its immediate targets Bruton’s tyrosine kinase and phospholipase Cγ2. Inhibition of SYK activity eliminated features of the constitutive activation in these cells and partly restored BCR signaling. High SYK expression is especially induced by CpG or CD40L in combination with IL-21, but not BCR stimulation, suggesting the importance of the immune-stimulatory context for the induction of this B cell phenotype. In summary, high SYK expression is a common feature of human CD21low B cells and presumably results from chronic activation in inflammatory environments present in a subgroup of patients with heterogeneous disorders like chronic infection, autoimmunity, and immunodeficiency. High SYK expression by itself drives the constitutive activation observed in these B cells, which in turn may contribute to the hyporesponsiveness upon BCR stimulation. Given the high prevalence of autoreactive clones among CD21low B cells in autoimmune disorders, the dominant role of SYK in CD21low B cells may provide a new option for therapeutic interventions in patients with expanded CD21low B cells and humoral autoimmunity.
Cooperative behavior of miniature magnetic swimmers in uniform magnetic fields

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Magnetically powered miniature robots have received increasing attention for decades owing to their convenient navigation ability, noninvasive remote actuation, and diverse potential applications. Although various individual motions of magnetic miniature robots have been explored, mimicking group cooperation and synchronized coordination of natural intelligence remain challenging. Here, we introduce diverse cooperative behaviors between two magnetic miniature swimmers in uniform magnetic fields by tuning and composing their magnetic moments. The ability of these magnetic miniature swimmers to form dynamic steady states offers considerable promise for creating groups of machines that can perform cooperative tasks.
Supervising PhD Candidates in Health and Medical Sciences: A Narrative Review of Strategies for Success

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Patrick JuliebÃ¸-Jones,1â 3 Christian Beisland1â 3 1Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; 2Department of Urology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; 3The Clinical Research in Aging and NEphro-urology (CRANE) group, Bergen, NorwayCorrespondence: Patrick JuliebÃ¸-Jones, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway, Email jonesurology@gmail.comPurpose: A PhD degree involves both structured and independent learning. It will allow the student to gain expertise and research skills. The supervisor is critical to this educational journey and can ultimately serve as a deciding factor as to whether the process is successful. There are a lack of studies synthesising evidence on what contributes to success. The aim of this narrative review was to identify and summarise the key elements contribute to successful doctoral supervision.Methods: A comprehensive but non-systematic search was undertaken to identify relevant studies across all disciplines, with a focus on medical and health sciences. Search terms included (but were not limited to) `PhDÂ´, Â´successÂ´ and Â´supervisionÂ´. Findings have been presented in a narrative format in three main sections: student-specific factors, supervisor-specific factors and shared themes.Results: Key student attributes that influenced successful supervision included intrinsic motivation, commitment to the research topic, self-management, and adaptation to cultural and personal change. Supervisory influences encompassed supervision style, level of training, institutional support, and research culture. Shared elements of the relationship involved the establishment of mutual expectations, open and regular communication, appropriate contact frequency, professional conduct, and respect.Conclusion: PhD supervision is a complex and evolving partnership requiring mutual engagement and reflection. Early clarification of roles and expectations, coupled with ongoing dialogue and professionalism, is essential to creating a positive supervisory environment and promoting doctoral success.Keywords: education, PhD, supervision, doctorate, medical
Ganglioglioma with glioblastoma component.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Ganglioglioma with a glioblastomatous component and high-grade atypia of neuronal cells are extremely rare findings. In this paper, we report the case of a 60-year-old man who presented with a tumor of the left temporal lobe. Hematoxylin-Eosin stained slides revealed a complex tumor with features of glioblastoma and marked atypia of neuronal cells. Glial cells were highlightened by antibodies to GFAP and neuronal cells by chromogranin and synaptophysin markers. There was an accumulation of p53-positive cells. There was a high Ki-67 labelling index (19%).
Fundamentals of the Mongolian Law System before Its Modernization in the Context of the Formation of a Renewed Legal Order in East Asia in the First Half of the 20th Century

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In the presented article, the author studies the way of institutionalization of Mongolian law as a unique civilizational phenomenon among the peoples and states of East Asia. According to the author, modern legal science needs to revise a number of Western-Centrist concepts, and in this process, the presented study of Mongolian law can partly serve as an effective tool. Taking into account the priorities outlined by the Program of Fundamental Scientific Research in the Russian Federation for the long-term period 2021—2030, as well as based on the current international situation, domestic legal science should consider the study of Mongolian law among the tasks facing the domestic academic community. The purpose of the article is to form an idea of the foundations of the Mongolian law system on the eve of its modernization in the first half of the 20th century. Research objectives: to identify the key periods of the development of Mongolian law within the stated historical framework; to formulate the category of Mongolian classical/traditional law; to characterize its most iconic sources; to construct its structure. The methodological basis for the work was made up of civilizational and comparative legal approaches, the method of hermeneutics and the formal legal method. As a result of the conducted research, six main stages in the development of Mongolian law were identified, while four periods were noted in which the Mongolian legislator turned to the experience of other powers of his era, receiving their right into the national legal system. It is emphasized that despite this, Mongolian law has still retained its identity and uniqueness. The category of Mongolian classical law is formulated, the historical conditions of its registration are substantiated. Based on the analysis of sources, the institutional continuity is proved, and the construct of the Mongolian law system is presented. It is stated that the definition of “Far Eastern” is replaced by the definition of “East Asian” in relation to law, which excludes the colonial nature of the phenomenon under study.
Criticality Assessment of Pipes in Water Distribution Networks Based on the Minimum Pressure Criterion

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A new criticality indicator for water distribution networks (WDNs) is presented. The new indicator is based on the minimum pressure (MP) model, which relies on the assumption that air can enter in the pipes, e.g. when failure occurs in water scarcity scenarios, and maintain equal to zero the minimum pressure in the whole network. The proposed indicator properly integrates topological features, provided by structural hole theory, with the hydraulic constraints provided by the WDN steady-state solution, with a particular focus on pipes where occurring free surface flow leads to a serious reduction of the quality of the network service. The new indicator leads to a new criterion for the prioritized mainte-nance of pipes in existing networks, as well as for the design and planning of new ones, which is different from the one derived from other popular indicators. Three real-life WDNs are selected as test cases.
Application level modeling of parallel machines

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we consider the application level performance modeling of parallel machines consisting of a large number of processing elements (PE's) connected in some regular structure such as mesh, tree, hypercube, etc. There are K problem types, each arriving according to a Poisson process, and each of which needs a PE substructure of some given size and topology. Thus several problems can run on the machine simultaneously. It is desired to characterize the performance of such a system under various types of allocation schemes.
Nuclear DNA content and morphological characteristics in the prognosis of adrenocortical carcinoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Prognostic factors are needed for the management of patients with adrenocortical tumours. For this reason, the nuclear DNA content of patients with adrenocortical tumours was analysed by flow cytometry. The relationships between nuclear DNA content, histological indices, and clinical parameters were studied. DNA ploidy could be evaluated in 54 carcinoma and 31 adenoma patients. Twenty-one (68%) of the adenomas, and 6 (11%) of the carcinomas, were DNA diploid. Hypo/Hyperdiploidy was found in 5 (16%) of the adenomas, and 15 (28%) of the carcinomas. The remaining patients had a DNA index above 1.40. A shorter survival was found in patients with diploid carcinomas (P &lt;0.05). A longer disease-free survival was seen in patients with hypo/hyperdiploid carcinomas (P &lt;0.05). Nuclear DNA content was not related to the histological index, nor to clinical parameters. We conclude that nuclear DNA content is related to (diseasefree) survival of patients with adrenocortical carcinomas. An adenoma-carcinoma sequence may be present in the adrenal cortex. In adrenocortical tumours ploidy evolution appears to be different than that observed in other solid tumours. Adrenocortical carcinoma is a rare disease with a poor prognosis. The best chance of survival for a patient with adrenocortical carcinoma is when a complete tumour resection
Emergency Suprapubic Catheterization

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BOURNr L drug she noted a marked increase in libido, which she could only relieve by masturba- tion.She stopped taking the tablets and the effect dwindled within a day or two, but the whole episode led to a great deal of guilt and self-reproach in subsequent depressive phases (the patient being a devout Roman Catholic).At the time, however, it was considered that this might have been a purely manic symptom and not due to chlorprothixene.Her " manic" phases were later partially controlled with prothipendyl hydrochloride (" tolnate ") 40 mg.t.d.s.In July, 1963, chlorprothixene 30 mg. t.d.s. was again prescribed and within a few days she noticed increased libido and she again resorted to masturbation.The effect dwindled rapidly once she stopped taking the drug, even though her manic phase continued for another week, hence one must conclude that it was an effect of the drug.I am, etc.,
Domatha vivida Simon 1895

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Domatha vivida Simon, 1895 (Figs 3, 16, 17) Domatha vivida Simon, 1895: 979, fig. 1048 (♂, ♀). Material examined. PHILIPPINES: 6 ♂, several juveniles, Manila (MNHN11376). Description. Male (MNHN11376, based on alcohol preserved type series): Prosoma brown and a bit darker on sides, wider in the centre, covered with weak sub-erected setae and some long setae, the marking on the middle not clear in the alcohol preserved specimen but a light-yellow outline visible. Both eye rows recurved. Lateral eyes bear enlarged yellowish grey eye tubercles. Opisthosoma lighter in colour than prosoma, anterior half more or less square shaped and posterior half truncated, two muscle spots present in the centre. Legs yellowish white, covered with short setae and sparsely distributed short spines. Palp as in Figs 16, 17. VTA hook-shaped with a flat tip. RTA short, with a blunt tip slanted towards VTA. Simple round tegulum, embolus short and circles around ¾ of tegulum, distal ¼ part with a dent-like process followed by a curved, hook-like tip directed inwards. Female: Unknown. Distribution. Only known from the Philippines (World Spider Catalog 2019).
A new Monte Carlo muon generator for cosmic-ray muon applications

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Cosmic rays, thanks to their ubiquity and high penetration capability, have been successfully used in scientific research ever since their discovery. As soon as their knowledge improved, applications in the civil/environmental field were also developed: muon radiography (or muography, based on the flux attenuation) and muon tomography (based on the scattering angle) have been used to study the inner structure of volcanoes, to seek hidden rooms in Egyptian pyramids, to search for heavy metals in containers, and so on. And besides these imaging techniques, cosmic ray muons are also widely used for detector testing and alignment practically in every Nuclear Physics or Particle Physics experiment. Since most of these applications are sensitive to the angular and momentum distribution of cosmic muons, an accurate modelling of these distributions is a key feature for any generation tool conceived to simulate the cosmic muon flux. This can make the generator quite time-consuming, which is a strong limit when one needs to reach high statistics or to study large structures. A new Monte Carlo generator for cosmic-ray muons, named Efficient COsmic MUon Generator (EcoMug for short), especially designed to be fast ( $>10^5$ muons generated per second on a standard machine) without losing accuracy, is presented here. It is written as a header-only C++11 library, ready to be integrated into whatever C++ code, in particular C++ code based on Geant4 simulation tool. By default, EcoMug relies on a simple and effective parametrisation of the experimental data of cosmic ray differential flux at sea level, taken from the literature, but the library is written in such a way that every user can easily replace it with his own user-defined parametrisation. Unlike other tools, EcoMug is able to generate muons from different kind of surfaces (plane, cylinder and half-sphere), while keeping the correct angular and momentum distribution of generated tracks inside a fiducial volume. This allows to optimise the generation surface according to the system under study, and leads to a further improvement of the overall simulation efficiency. In this contribution we will present the main features of EcoMug, starting from its mathematical foundation, and eventually showing some interesting applications.
Review: The Other California: Land, Identity, and Politics on the Mexican Borderlands by Verónica Castillo-Muñoz

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Book Review| February 01 2018 Review: The Other California: Land, Identity, and Politics on the Mexican Borderlands by Verónica Castillo-Muñoz The Other California: Land, Identity, and Politics on the Mexican Borderlands. By Verónica Castillo-Muñoz (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2017, 171 pp. $70.00 hardcover). Ana Elizabeth Rosas Ana Elizabeth Rosas Ana Elizabeth Rosas is an associate professor of history and Chicano/Latino Studies at the University of California, Irvine. She is the author of Abrazando El Espiritu: Bracero Families Confront the US-Mexico Border, and is currently researching the emotively historical and gendered configuration and impact of continuous displacement on Mexican immigrant family life in Mexico and the United States. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Southern California Quarterly (2018) 100 (1): 108–110. https://doi.org/10.1525/scq.2018.100.1.108 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Ana Elizabeth Rosas; Review: The Other California: Land, Identity, and Politics on the Mexican Borderlands by Verónica Castillo-Muñoz. Southern California Quarterly 1 February 2018; 100 (1): 108–110. doi: https://doi.org/10.1525/scq.2018.100.1.108 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentSouthern California Quarterly Search This content is only available via PDF. © 2018 by The Historical Society of Southern California2018 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.