jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Analysis of ants’ rescue behavior reveals heritable specialization for first responders

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In colonies of Cataglyphis cursor ants, a single queen mates with multiple males, creating the foundation for heritable behavioral specializations. A novel and unique candidate for such specializations is rescue behavior, a precisely delivered form of altruism in which workers attempt to release trapped nestmates and which relies on short-term memory of previous actions to increase its efficiency. Consistent with task specialization, not all individuals participate; instead, some individuals move away from the victim, which gives rescuers unrestricted access. Using a bioassay to identify rescuers and non-rescuers, coupled with paternity assignment via polymorphic microsatellite markers, we not only show that rescue behavior is heritable, with 34% of the variation explained by paternity, but also establish that rescue, heretofore overlooked in analyses of division of labor, is a true specialization, an ant version of first responders. Moreover, this specialization emerges as early as 5 days of age, and the frequency of rescuers remains constant across ants’ age ranges. The extremely broad range of these ants’ heritable polyethism provides further support for the critical role of polyandry in increasing the efficiency of colony structure and, in turn, reproductive success.
Robust Interpretation of Genomic Data in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Within genomic studies, a considerable amount of publications have reported SNP variants associated with COPD with little to no reproducibility. In this paper, we present a robust methodology which analyses a COPD cohort dataset using a genome-wide association study, additionally an investigation of the associated results using a variety of machine learning (ML) methods is performed. We use a logistic regression model to provide preliminary results and for further analysis we use machine learning models, RF, MLP, GLM and SVM. Within this study, indications of well established SNPs in previous publications occur in the preliminary results but fail to provide further indication of associative relationship when using ML methods for classification purposes. Results within this study show little to no predictive power after performing a robust methodology. These results indicate that a standardization of practice should be implemented to ensure the publication of false positive results is reduced and deterred. Further investigation of associative features should be considered a standard practice given the resulting information that can be provided with its' use.
Synthesis and Characterization of Choline Chloride Based Binary Mixtures

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Choline chloride based eutectic solvents are of major importance in applied chemistry. They are being used in the fields of Electropolishing, Electrodeposition, Organic synthesis, Biocatalytic reactions and many more. We have synthesized new solvents based on choline chloride, the other component being good hydrogen bond donor (HBD). Binary mixtures based on choline chloride were synthesized with ethylene glycol (EG), glycerol (PG), DMSO, DMF and Urea as HBDs. Further thermogravimeteric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements of these binary mixtures were carried out. It was noticed that these mixtures are stable liquids at room temperature, cheap and environment friendly solvents. These liquids have low vapor pressure and can be used for various applications in the field of chemistry.
Citric acid excretion before and after calcium infusion in normal and osteoporotic subjects.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Renal excretion of calcium and citric acid was measured in a group of twelve normal subjects and twelve osteoporotic patients in 24 hour urines collected after the subjects had been on a constant calcium diet for 5 to 7 days. No statistically significant differences in calcium or citric acid excretion were found between these groups of patients. Standard calcium infusions were carried out in six normal and nine osteoporotic patients which produced significant hypercalciuria in all patients when calcium excretion on the day preceding and the day of calcium infusion was compared. No significant change in citric acid excretion occurred in either group on the day of calcium infusion. Six ostcoporotic and six normal subjects were similarly infused and changes in calcium and citric acid excretion were measured in 1 or 2 hour urine specimens preceding, during, and after the calcium infusions. Despite seven- to fourteenfold increments in urine calcium in the last hour of the infusion and the first postinfusion hour, no significant change in citric acid excretion occurred. These data indicate that no direct relationship exists between urine calcium levels and citric acid excretion.
Raman Spectroscopy on Single-Molecule Junctions

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Transport of electrons in single-molecule junctions is a fundamental process in the general field of molecular electronics. In our studies, we present a novel method for optically studying single-molecule junctions with a home-made molecular junction spectroscopy (MJS) set-up. The near-field Raman spectrum of single conducting molecular units could be recorded with this set-up. The electron-phonon interaction in the current-driven single-molecule junction was studied, and a molecule switching its conformation in the junction is presented.
Spectral regularization method for a class of Cauchy problem of Laplace equation

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

A class of Cauchy problem of Laplace equation was discussed in following way: the Cauchy data was given at x=1 and the solution was sought in the interval 0x1.Due to the ill-posed feature of the problem,a method for its spectral regularization was given.Meanwhile,the difference between regularized solution and exact solution was analyzed.
BETA-XYLOSIDES INHIBITION OF CHONDROITIN SULPHATE SUBSTITUTION ON MATRIX PROTEOGLYCANS PERTURBS THE DIFFERENTIATION OF BONE MARROW STEM CELLS INTO A CHONDROGENIC LINEAGE

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Introduction Novel chondroitin sulphate (CS) sulphation motifs on cell-associated proteoglycans (PGs) have been shown to be putative biomarkers of progenitor/stem cell sub-populations (Hayes et al., 2007; Dowthwaite et al., 2005). Also, recent studies show that unique CS sulphation motifs are localized in putative stem/progenitor cell niches at sites of incipient articular cartilage & other musculoskeletal tissues (Hayes et al., 2011), which indicates their potential importance in cell differentiation during development. In this study, we investigated the importance of CS in the differentiation of bone marrow stem cells to the chondrogenic phenotype in vitro using p-nitrophenyl xyloside (PNPX) as a competitive inhibitor of CS substitution on matrix PGs. Methods Bovine bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) were isolated from 7-day-old cow hock joints and cultured as monolayer for 4 weeks with chondrogenic medium ± 0.25mM PNPX. DMMB assay, real-time PCR, Western Blotting & immunohistochemistry (IHC) were used to analysis the chondrogenic markers. The expression and distribution of structural CS proteoglycans (CS-PGs) were analysed by immunofluorescent staining combined with confocal microscopy scanning. Results BMSCs cultured in chondrogenic medium started to aggregate and form mini-cell beads in 3 days and these mini cell beads clustered together to form a large single alcian blue positive cartilaginous cell bead in 2-4 weeks, indicative of the chondrogenesis. In contrast, there was an apparent delay in the cell bead formation in the BMSCs cultured with PNPX. Moreover, PNPX significantly inhibited or delayed the expression of chondrogenic markers including aggrecan, SOX-9 & type II collagen gene and/or protein expression. Furthermore, IHC analyses showed that a decreased expression of native CS sulphation epitopes in chondrogenic media + PNPX, suggesting the importance of their role in allowing the chondrogenic differentiation to occur. Discussion These results suggest that CS sulphation motifs play an important role in the differentiation of BMSCs into chondrocytes. The precise mechanism is not known, but CS sulphation motifs may be involved in the growth factor presentation needed for cell differentiation that leads to cell aggregation and extracellular matrix-cell interactions during chondrogenesis.
Replication of genetic linkage by follow-up of previously studied pedigrees.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Independent replication of linkage in previously studied pedigrees is desirable when genetic heterogeneity is suspected or when the illness is very rare. When the likelihood of the new data in this type of replication study is computed as conditional on the previously reported linkage results, it can be considered independent. We describe a simulation method using the SLINK program in which the initial data are fixed and newly genotyped individuals are simulated under theta = .01 and theta = .50. These give appropriate lod score criteria for rejection and acceptance of linkage in the follow-up study, which take into account the original marker genotypes in the data. An estimate of the power to detect linkage in the follow-up data is also generated.
Data related to article "Cytokine profile in striated muscle laminopathies: new promising biomarkers for disease prediction"

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This database includes a comprehensive profile of circulating pro- and anti-inflammatory molecules (cytokines, chemokines and growth factors) obtained from a group of 53 patients with muscular laminopathy, 10 with non-muscular laminopathy, 22 with other muscular disorders and 35 healthy controls. Data obtained by Luminex multiple immune-assay identify TGF-2, IL-17 and G-CSF as potential biomarkers in discriminating between muscle-related laminopathy and healthy subjects. The different expression of IL-1, IL-4 and IL-8 among the different forms of laminopathy provides a new hint for the understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms underlying the diverse phenotypes caused by LMNA mutations.
The Yoruba Toll System: its operation and abolition

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The Yoruba toll system has not been studied, in spite of its important place in Yoruba economy and politics. This essay fills the gap by examining toll collection among the Yoruba-speaking states of south-western Nigeria. It is divided into two parts, the first on the practice of toll collection during the pre-colonial era and the second on the changes introduced by the colonial administration. For the pre-colonial, it emphasizes the dominant aspects of the system, most notably the significance of toll revenue in relation to other sources of income; the control of toll gates by chiefs in order to appropriate the revenues; the character and privileges of collectors; and the features of collection at the toll gates, especially the duties imposed and their implications for trade. The second part explains the steps taken by the new colonial administration to regulate toll collection after 1893, notably by the reduction of customs houses and the printing of tariffs. These reforms failed to solve the problems of corruption by toll clerks and evasions and smuggling by traders, or allay the fear that the imposition of tolls constituted an obstacle to modern commerce. Consequently, the colonial administration decided to abolish the system, and was able to achieve this between 1904 and 1908. Both reforms and abolition were possible because of the gradual approach adopted, the administrative and military power available to the administration, and its ability to generate alternative sources of revenue to maintain itself and pay the chiefs. There can be no doubt that abolition was a major step towards the constitution of the colonial economy.
Population Control of Self-Replicating Systems: Option C

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

From the conception and development of the theory of self-replicating automata by John von Neumann, others have expanded on his theories. In 1980, Georg von Tiesenhausen and Wesley A. Darbro developed a report which is a first' in presenting the theories in a conceptualized engineering setting. In that report several options involving self-replicating systems are presented. One of the options allows each primary to generate n replicas, one in each sequential time frame after its own generation. Each replica is limited to a maximum of m ancestors. This study involves determining the state vector of the replicas in an efficient manner. The problem is cast in matrix notation, where F = fij is a non-diagonalizable matrix. Any element fij represents the number of elements of type j = (c,d) in time frame k+1 generated from type i = (a,b) in time frame k. It is then shown that the state vector is: bar F(k)=bar F (non-zero) X F sub K = bar F (non-zero) xmx J sub kx m sub-1 where J is a matrix in Jordan form having the same eigenvalues as F. M is a matrix composed of the eigenvectors and the generalized eigenvectors of F.
TINGKAT KEPATUHAN PASIEN GAGAL GINJAL KRONIK DALAM MENJALANI HEMODIALISA

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: Chronic Kidney Failure is one of the important health problems in Indonesia and the world community. In Indonesia, according to data from Penetri (Persatuan Nefrologi Indonesia) the number of patients with kidney failure is estimated at 4500 people, but those detected suffering from terminal stage chronic kidney failure from those undergoing dialysis (hemodialysis) are only around 4 thousand - 5 thousand people. Cases of kidney failure in Indonesia are still relatively high every year, because there are still many Indonesian people not maintaining their diet and health. This means that chronic kidney failure ranks as one of the highest rates of disease causing death. The purpose of this study was to describe the level of adherence to patients with chronic kidney failure in undergoing a hemodialysis program in the hemodialysis room at Sanjiwani Hospital in Gianyar. Methods: This research is a descriptive observational type. This study uses a sampling technique that is purposive sampling with a total sample of 30 people. Results: In this study the results of the rate of compliance of CRF patients with hemodialysis were 27 respondents (90%) who were obedient and non-adherent as many as 3 respondents (10%). Thus most patients with chronic renal failure adhere to undergoing hemodialysis in the hemodialysis room of Sanjiwani Hospital in Gianyar. Conclusions: The conclusion of this study is that patients with chronic renal failure are expected to seek treatment regularly in accordance with the rules set by health workers. Delay of dialysis causes pulmonary complications, seizures, decreased consciousness, severe electrolyte disturbances, heart failure, which can cause death. Keywords : Chronic Kidney Failure; Hemodialysis, Compliance
Synfire chains and catastrophic interference

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The brain must be capable of achieving extraordinarily precise sub-millisecond timing with imprecise neural hardware. We discuss how this might be possible using synfire chains (Abeles, 1991). We present a learning algorithm for a sparsely-distributed network of spiking neurons (Sougné, 1998, 1999) allowing it to learn these synfire chains. Surprisingly, we show that this learning is not subject to catastrophic interference, a problem that plagues many standard connectionist networks. We show that the forgetting of synfire chains in this type of network closely resembles the classic forgetting pattern described by Barnes &amp; Underwood (1959).
Stabilization and EPR characterization of Ru(bpy)33+ formed by radiolysis in concentrated alkali-metal halide solutions

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The stabilization of Ru(bpy) 3 3+ from Ru(bpy) 3 2+ at room temperature by radiolysis of acidic concentrated alkali-metal halide aqueous solutions has been achieved. Stabilization at room temperature is of particular interest for potential light-energy storage systems. The yield of Ru(bpy) 3 3+ , as well as its half-life, depend strongly on the alkali-metal halide and acid concentrations. The Ru(bpy) 3 3+ yield increases with increasing LiCl concentration and attains a maximum value around 5–10 mM H + ; the yield decreases at both higher and lower pH. The stabilization of Ru(bpy) 3 3+ is optimal at [LiCl] 4 M and 5 mM H + . The half-lives of Ru(bpy) 3 3+ are 20 h and 7 days at [LiCl] = 4 and 8 M, respectively, which are ca. 10 to 100 times longer than in a solution without LiCl. The stability of Ru(bpy) 3 3+ also depends on the alkali-metal cation. The half-lives of Ru(bpy) 3 3+ vary from 7 to 20 h in the order K, Na and Li at 5 mM H + and 4 M alkali-metal halide solution. This cation effect on the stabilization of Ru(bpy) 3 3+ is interpreted in terms of the free water concentration and dynamic hydration properties in alkali-metal halide solutions.
Improvement of lecithin as an emulsifier for water‐in‐oil emulsions by thermalization

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The various forms (granular, liquid, gum) of lecithin can be heated under certain conditions of time and temperature to greatly improve their properties as emulsifiers for water‐in‐oil emulsions. Viscosity, discontinuous phase‐holding capacity, stability and water retention were greatly enhanced in emulsions containing thermalized lecithins as the emulsifier compared to those prepared with corresponding amounts of nonthermalized lecithins. The improved emulsification properties of the thermalized lecithins appeared to be due, at least in part, to an increase in diglycerides and free fatty acids resulting from the thermal degradation of phosphatides.
Figure S1 from The HSP90 Inhibitor Pimitespib Targets Regulatory T Cells in the Tumor Microenvironment

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

<p>Pimitespib treatment does not significantly alter the infiltration of myeloid cell populations in gastric cancers. (A, B). Representative multiple IHC images of T cell subsets (A), and myeloid subsets (B) before pimitespib treatment with or without nivolumab. (C). A summary of the frequencies of CD14+ cells (monocyte/macrophage), HLA-DR+ cells, CD14+CD206+ cells, and CD14+HLA-DR+ cells. The data are presented as a total of six fields per biopsy specimen from five patients. Scale bars, 50 μm.</p>
Topology Effect on Order–Disorder Transition of High-χ Block Copolymers

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

This work aims to systematically examine the topology effect on the self-assembly of block copolymers. Compositionally, symmetric polystyrene-block-polydimethylsiloxane block copolymers (BCPs) with different chain topologies (diblock, three-arm star-block, and four-arm star-block) and various molecular weights are synthesized. These purposely designed block copolymers are used as a model system to investigate the topology effect on order-to-disorder transition temperature (T ODT) by temperature-resolved small-angle X-ray scattering experiments. An increase of the T ODT is observed when the arm number of BCPs with equivalent arm length (i.e., molecular weight) is increased from one to four. Based on the random-phase approximation (RPA), Flory-Huggins interaction parameter (χ) is determined from the regression of the measured T ODT. The observation by differential scanning calorimetry also demonstrates the shifting of the endothermic peak from the order-to-disorder transition of star-blocks to the higher temperature region, consistent with the scattering experiments and the RPA prediction.
Freshman students misconceptions in chemical equilibrium

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the misconceptions of freshman students in chemical equilibrium, In this study, 143 freshman students from Biology, Biology Education, Physics and Physics Education Departments in MEl'U took part during 1998- 1999 spring semester. Chemical Equilibrium Concepts Achievement Test was administered to all subjects, The results showed that many students had misconceptions about changing equilibrium conditions. relating rate and equilibrium and rate vs, extent.
Diagnosis of Victims of Bullying Behaviour Using Bayes Method

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Victims of bullying behavior in the first high school students are still going on and unresolved. Victims of bullying behavior that is not easily visible to the naked eye and the lack of knowledge about bullying are problems in resolving the problem. This research is to create an expert system that can diagnose victims of bullying behavior based on the symptoms suffered by the victims of bullying to address the problems faced during this time. The Bayes method describes the relationship between the probability of A with event B has occurred. The probability of event B on the condition of event A has occurred. The occurrence of an event based on the influence gained from the observation result, Like bullying symptoms that occur in victims of bullying behavior, the Bayes method will calculate the probability and generated types of bullying experienced by students based on the knowledge that is in the can of an expert and made into an application.
Majorana spin liquid and dimensional reduction in Cs2CuCl4

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The low-temperature behavior of the magnetic insulator Cs2CuCl4 can be modeled by an anisotropic triangular lattice spin-1/2 Heisenberg antiferromagnet with two different exchange couplings J and J' = J/3. We show that in a wide range of magnetic fields the experimentally observed field dependence of the crossover temperature T_c for spin-liquid behavior can be explained within a mean-field theory based on the representation of spin operators in terms of Majorana fermions. We also show that for small magnetic fields the specific heat and the spin susceptibility both exhibit a maximum as a function of temperature at T_c = J/2. In the spin-liquid regime, the Majorana fermions can only propagate along the direction of the strongest bond, in agreement with the dimensional reduction scenario advanced by Balents [Nature (London) 464, 199 (2010)].
Gestión de la inteligencia emocional y su relación en el desempeño de los ejecutivos de crédito de Credife S. A., provincia de Cotopaxi durante el año 2020.

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Emotional intelligence within organizations allows generating workers with high operational performance who develop training, intellectual and social skills. The general objective of the investigation was to determine the relationship of emotional intelligence and job performance of the credit executives of Credife S.A. of the province of Cotopaxi in 2020. The instrument used was based on the mixed model of emotional intelligence proposed by Goleman, which was applied to 13 plant executives of the company. The Spearman correlation statistic was used to identify the emotionally motivated causal deficiencies of the employees. The main result obtained was that the executives present a high level of emotional development based on self-control, self-motivation and empathy. Their job performance is denoted by the commitment and responsibility they have with the company. It was concluded that emotional intelligence does influence job performance in relation to self-knowledge skills to resolve conflicts, self-control to motivate themselves thanks to traits linked to their personality, empathy for thinking of others when making decisions and for the social capacity they possess to integrate employees into a healthy workplace. Similarly, it was identified that if there is an incidence between the study variables.