jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Potential for nontuberculous mycobacteria proliferation in natural and engineered water systems due to climate change: A literature review

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) infections are costly, difficult to treat, and increasing in prevalence. Given this, there is a desire to understand the potential relationships between NTM in water sources and climate change stressors. To address this need, a critical literature review was performed. Connections were made between NTM fate and transport, climate change, engineering decisions, and societal changes, and uncertainties highlighted. Environmental conditions discussed with respect to NTM risk included changing temperature, humidity, salinity, rainfall, and extreme weather events. NTM risk was then considered under climate/societal scenarios described by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) scientists. Findings indicate that the resilience of NTM under a variety of environmental conditions (e.g., warm temperatures, eutrophication) may increase their net prevalence in water environments under climate change, increasing exposure. Water management decisions may also influence exposure to NTM as water scarcity is expected to result in increased reliance on reclaimed water. Water managers may control risk of exposure through innovative water treatment processes and equitable water management decisions, turning towards an integrated One Water approach to reduce and/or mitigate the impacts of de facto reuse. Future research recommendations are provided including studies into potential changes to NTM fate and transport in uniquely impacted climates (e.g., boreal regions), and investigations into the relative risk of managed aquifer recharge as compared to no action.
STUDY ON CONSTRUCTION DATE AND CONSTRUCTION METHOD OF OFFICE BUILDINGS OF MACHINERY AND SHIPPING DEPARTMENT OF THE FORMER KURE NAVAL ARSENAL

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

There are still remain that many buildings which have constructed by the former Japanese Imperial Navy in Kure city, Hiroshima and they are now used by Japanese Maritime Self Defense Force or some private enterprises. However, most of them have not been investigated enough, and construction history and/or structural details of the buildings are unknown still now. The purpose of this study is to clarify construction date and structural characteristics of the office buildings of machinery and shipping department in the former Kure naval arsenal.
Dairy science [1965]

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Factors affecting feed intake / M. E. McCullough -- Calcium, phosphorus, vitamin D needs of high-producing cows / J. W. Hibbs and H. R. Conrad -- Feeding high-producing cows: Energy and protein needs / H. R. Conrad and J. W. Hibbs -- Your stored feeding program / A. D. Pratt -- Forage alternatives for dairy cattle / R. W. Van Keuren -- Class I base program considerations / R. E. Jacobson -- Fluid milk pricing / J. Parker -- The mammary gland and milk secretion / R. M. Porter -- What makes a cow a cow / J. R. Saubus -- Relationships between internal anatomy and production or external measurements / L. O. Gilmore
Activation of p38α in T Cells Regulates the Intestinal Host Defense against Attaching and Effacing Bacterial Infections

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Intestinal infections by attaching and effacing (A/E) bacterial pathogens cause severe colitis and bloody diarrhea. Although p38α in intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) plays an important role in promoting protection against A/E bacteria by regulating T cell recruitment, its impact on immune responses remains unclear. In this study, we show that activation of p38α in T cells is critical for the clearance of the A/E pathogen Citrobacter rodentium. Mice deficient of p38α in T cells, but not in macrophages or dendritic cells, were impaired in clearing C. rodentium. Expression of inflammatory cytokines such as IFN-γ by p38α-deficient T cells was reduced, which further reduced the expression of inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and antimicrobial peptide by IECs and led to reduced infiltration of T cells into the infected colon. Administration of IFN-γ activated the mucosal immunity to C. rodentium infection by increasing the expression of inflammation genes and the recruitment of T cells to the site of infection. Thus, p38α contributes to host defense against A/E pathogen infection by regulating the expression of inflammatory cytokines that activate host defense pathways in IECs.
Basic biological X-ray microanalysis.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

As more scanning and transmission electron microscopes become equipped with x-ray detectors, increasing numbers of scientists and technicians will be trying to obtain elemental data using the myriad of specimen preparation methods and quantitative procedures that have been developed over the past 28 years. This paper is an introduction to the basic concepts of biological x-ray microanalysis for new investigators in this field. The general principles of specimen x-ray emission, x-ray nomenclature and specimen preparation techniques for x-ray microanalysis are explained with specific examples. A simplified approach to estimating the x-ray excitation volume in a biological bulk or sectioned matrix is given. Some of the common detector and microscope artifacts are described and illustrated. Included in this paper is a short discussion of the effective use of controls and standards and references for some of the current methods for making ones own standards.
Vitamin C mediated amelioration of pesticide genotoxicity in murine spermatocytes.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The effect of vitamin C on the genotoxicity of three pesticides (Endosulfan, Phosphamidon, Mancozeb) was monitored by screening meiotic (metaphase I) chromosomes in the primary spermatocytes of Swiss albino mice, Mus musculus. A dose-dependent amelioration by vitamin C was observed in the Phosphamidon-treated group where quadruple the therapeutic dose produced maximum amelioration. In Endosulfan- and Mancozeb-treated groups, no further amelioration was achieved beyond the double dose of vitamin C, and the damage frequency did not come down to the control level. The possible mechanism of this effect is discussed.
The Nazi Party in Lower Saxony 1921–1933

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Journal Article The Nazi Party in Lower Saxony 1921–1933 Get access The Nazi Party in Lower Saxony 1921–1933. By Jeremy Noakes. London: Oxford University Press. 1971. 273 pp. Maps. Bibliog. Index. (Oxford Historical Monographs.) £4.00. R. Cecil R. Cecil Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar International Affairs, Volume 48, Issue 3, July 1972, Pages 495–497, https://doi.org/10.2307/2612751 Published: 01 July 1972
The impact of maternal nutrition on birth weight and brain development in children from low- and middle-income countries

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Maternal nutrition is a key factor influencing optimal birth and child developmental outcomes. Although this is recognized globally, it is particularly relevant to low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) where the risk of malnutrition during pregnancy is high, and low birth weight (LBW) is prevalent. LBW has consistently been associated with poor health, stunted growth, and adverse neurocognitive outcomes. Less is known about the impact of maternal nutrition and LBW on neurodevelopment due to the limited focus of neuroimaging research on maternal obesity and pre-term birth in high-income countries. Maternal nutrition may be pivotal to understanding how LBW impacts the child brain in LMICs where there is a high risk of food insecurity and approximately 43% of children under the age of 5 are at risk of not reaching their developmental potential. Furthermore, examining the outcomes of LBW in babies who are small-for-gestational age (SGA) due to intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) in LMICs is less-explored, yet important. Therefore, further neuroimaging research is needed to investigate the complex relationship between maternal nutrition, LBW and structural brain outcomes. This should be recognized as a research priority to inform nutritional interventions during pregnancy, and to optimize the developmental potential of children from LMICs.
SOME STATISTICAL AND LOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS WHEN RESCORING TESTS

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

When tests or portions of tests are scored subjectively by raters, a rescor- ing will yield a change in the ratings of some examinees. In a test with a fixed passing score a rescoring will result in the change of some pass/fail decisions. The number of changes depends on: the reliability of the rating system, the number of raters, the variability in examinee abilities, the proportion of examinees that ini- tially pass, and the policy used to incorporate the rescore into the pass/fail decision. In this study, we provide a model that facilitates the evaluation of various rescoring strategies. We consider and compare the efficiency of three rescoring strategies: (1) rescore everyone, (2) rescore failures only, and (3) rescore within some range of the passing cutoff. These rescoring strategies are evaluated by direct simulation. Additionally we consider the optimal allocation of rescores where the probability someone asks to be rescored is inversely proportional to the distance from their initial score to the cutscore. This allocation is evaluated via numerical integration. A further generalization of the basic model is also considered in which a test is comprised of a mixture of objectively and subjectively scored items.
Simulating the long‐term impacts of drainage and restoration on the ecohydrology of peatlands

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Drainage alters the carbon storage and accumulation functions of peatlands, but the long‐term effects of drainage ditches, and their restoration, on peatland development are poorly understood. Timescales of monitoring studies in ditch‐drained and restored peatlands are typically limited to a few years, and occasionally decades. In addition, experimental studies seldom monitor spatial changes in peat structure caused by ditches, despite such changes affecting water flow and water retention in peat. Ecosystem models offer an alternative to experimental studies and can help explain how complex systems such as peatlands may respond to external disturbances. Here we report on a 2‐D application of a peatland development model (DigiBog) to explore how contour‐parallel ditches, and their damming, affect the ecohydrology of peatlands over decades to centuries, using blanket peatlands as a case study. Drainage resulted in the rapid loss of peat due to increased oxic decay. The majority of these losses occurred in the first 100 years after the ditch was created, but water table dynamics were altered even centuries later. Restoration halted the loss of peat and encouraged net peat accumulation, although the amount lost in 100 years of drainage had not been replaced 200 years after the ditch was dammed. Restoration of ditches in sloping peatlands brought about more peat regrowth downslope of the restored ditch than further upslope. Our study demonstrates the potential for spatially distributed ecosystem‐scale models as tools to explore complex spatiotemporal responses to disturbance, and to support land managers in making decisions about peatland drainage and restoration.
India, the International System, and Nuclear Weapons

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Most explanations for India' nuclear behavior, especially the open tests in May 1998 emphasize one or more of three factors: the regional rivalries that India has with China and Pakistan, domestic politics, or the predispositions of individual decision makers. This chapter argues that although domestic factors may be associated with the timing of the 1998 tests, the overarching cause of India' nuclear behavior needs to be located in systemic factors. Although India couches its challenge to the nonproliferation regime in normative and idealistic terms, these rationales mask the real Indian concern: Namely, the nonproliferation regime privileges the five declared nuclear weapon powers and perpetuates their dominance, while keeping India as an underdog in the global power hierarchy. The tests should be seen in the larger context of global power politics involving the great powers and India, especially the fact that the former remain unwilling to accept the latter to their ranks.
N-Methylated Derivatives of Tyramine in Citrus Genus Plants: Identification of N,N,N-Trimethyltyramine (Candicine)

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The distribution of tyramine and its methylated derivatives, N-methyltyramine and N,N-dimethyltyramine, was investigated in tissue parts (leaves and fruits) of several plants of Citrus genus by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS). In the course of our study we discovered the occurrence of N,N,N-trimethyltyramine in all citrus plants examined. This quaternary ammonium compound, known to act in animals as a neurotoxin, was recognized and characterized by mass spectrometric analysis. The substance, never described before in the Citrus genus, is also known as candicine or maltoxin. Results indicate that N,N,N-trimethyltyramine is consistently expressed in leaves of clementine, bitter orange, and lemon. Conversely, low levels were found in the leaves of orange, mandarin, chinotto (Citrus myrtifolia), bergamot, citron, and pomelo. In the edible part of the fruits, N,N,N-trimethyltyramine was found at trace levels.
DISTRIBUTION AND DYNAMICS OF THE GROUND BEETLE (COLEOPTERA, CARABIDAE) AND THE CLICK BEETLE (COLEOPTERA, ELATERIDAE) SPECIES ABUNDANCE IN ORGANIC AND INTENSIVELY CULTIVATED CEREAL CROPS

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The research has been carried out in 2013–2014 in an organic farm located in Medsėdžiai village, Klaipėda district, and intensive farm located in Laiviai village, Kretinga district. Four agrocenoses have been investigated: wheat, triticale, oat, and multiannual grassland. Five pitfall traps were set out in each of agrocenosis and the traps were active from the last decade of April until the last decade of August. Ground beetle adults that were detected during the study belonged to 27 species and 15 genera. The most abundant ground beetle species were Poecilus cupreus L., Pterostichus melаnаrius Ill, Аmаrа аeneа Deg, Cаrаbus cаncellаtus Ill., Hаrpаlus rufipes Deg., Аnchomenus dorsаlis Pontop. and Bembidion properаns Steph., representatives of which were detected in large numbers in all without an exception investigated agrocenoses and in both types of farming. Two seasonal activity peaks of P. cupreus L. abundance were distinguished in the organic farm: first in the beginning of June and the second in the mid-July. Meanwhile, in the intensive farm it was observed in late May. Click beetle adults, identified in the study, were prescribed to 6 species and 4 genera. The most abundant click beetle species were Agriotes obscurus L., Agriotes lineatus L. and Agriotes sputator L. which occurred without an exception in all the agrocenoses and both types of farms. It was determined that the highest click beetle adults’ activity in the intensive farm was observed in the end of July while the maximum of click beetle adults’ activity in the organic farm was defined in June.
Monolithic voltage regulators

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Voltage regulation has been a specialty of semiconductors since the introduction of the Zener diode well over a decade ago. Now, there is a new dimension to the field-the monolithic voltage regulator. Available in a number of configurations that have specific advantages ranging over a variety of applications, this new component not only is giving its discrete counterpart a run for the money, but is showing a potential that easily surpasses even the most optimistic of earlier predictions.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF HISTOLOGY AND CYTOLOGY IN VESICULATING ERUPTIONS

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

DIAGNOSTIC aids are continually being sought in dermatology for making differential diagnoses of vesicular diseases. These aids are especially necessary in the differential diagnosis of chronic pemphigus from bullous erythema multiforme and dermatitis herpetiformis, variola from varicella, varicella from herpes zoster disseminata, herpes zoster from herpes simplex, and erythema multiforme bullosum from various forms of vesiculating dermatitis. The cytologic-smear examination, which at present is popular in the field of diagnostic medicine, was used by us in the study of various vesiculating diseases. In the diagnosis of lymphoblastomata, infectious diseases, such as leprosy and granuloma inguinale, and various neoplastic conditions, such as epitheliomas, tissue smears or imprint studies have frequently been used and reported. These preparations have also been used for the differential diagnosis of vesiculating diseases, with questionable value. We have employed this technique, together with the regular histologic preparations, as a comparative study in some of
Superresolution of Ultrasound Images Using the First and Second Harmonic Signal

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents a new method of blind two-dimensional (2-D) homomorphic deconvolution and speckle reduction applied to medical ultrasound images. The deconvolution technique is based on an improved 2-D phase unwrapping scheme for pulse estimation. The input images are decomposed into minimum-phase and allpass components. The 2-D phase unwrapping is applied only to the allpass component. The 2-D phase of the minimum-phase component is derived by a Hilbert transform. The accuracy of 2-D phase unwrapping is also improved by processing small (16/spl times/16 pixels) overlapping subimages separately. This takes the spatial variance of the ultrasound pulse into account. The deconvolution algorithm is applied separately to the first and second harmonic images, producing much sharper images of approximately the same resolution and different speckle patterns. Speckle reduction is made by adding the envelope images of the deconvolved first and second harmonic images. Neither the spatial resolution nor the frame rate decreases, as the common compounding speckle reduction techniques do. The method is tested on sequences of clinical ultrasound images, resulting in high-resolution ultrasound images with reduced speckle noise.
Providing culturally safe care

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This chapter identifies the possible impacts of cultural issues on mental health and mental health care. It focuses on one's own cultural identity as the basis for culturally safe care. The chapter also identifies some strategies for providing culturally safe mental health services. The encounter between a nurse and a service user and their family and community may involve an interaction between two or more people with multiple and very different identities. For the nurse, the service user, their family and community, a wide range of beliefs, experiences, norms and values will influence perceptions of mental health and mental health care. Psychiatry is a system of practices firmly set within a Western scientific tradition. Consideration of the impact of culture on clinical practice begins with a review of the culturally determined nature of Western psychiatry. The process of psychiatric and mental health nursing involves establishing collaborative therapeutic relationships with service users on the basis of their need for nursing care.
Corporate World and Work: I ndian Women in the IT Sector

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Information technology has opened up virtual workspaces in India. These workspaces are modeled on Western, particularly US, corporate culture, offering relatively more liberal and nonhierarchical work conditions. But such processes are not without contradictions. Even as the global technical worker is being created by virtue of working across transnational borders, conflicting cultural images are being produced of a segmented workforce serving capitalist interests. Moreover, the supposedly global environment is not contextually isolated from the local trappings of culturally encoded behavioral norms, particularly as they relate to women workers.
Effect of Organizational Climate and Participation in Budgeting on Employee Performance

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The objectives of this study were to: 1) examine the impact of organizational climate on employee performance at IAIN Kendari; 2) analyse the influence of budgetary participation on employee performance; 3) evaluate the impact of organizational climate and participation in budget preparation on employee performance; and 4) assess the role of Islamic economics on organizational climate, budgeting participation, and employee performance. Data were collected using a survey, applying a quantitative approach. The research sample consisted of 55 employees of various faculties, units and institutions. After assessing normality, linearity, multicollinearity and autocorrelation, data analysis involved descriptive and inferential analysis. Simple regression analysis and path analysis were used to test the hypotheses. The findings revealed that: 1) organizational climate had a positive and significant impact on employee performance with a 62.6% contribution; 2) participation in budgeting had a positive and significant impact on employee performance with a 40% contribution; and 3) the combination of organizational climate and participation in budgeting had a positive and significant impact on employee performance with a 40% contribution. Keywords: organizational climate, participation, budgeting, employee performance, sharia economy
A Thallimetric Oxidation Method for the Estimation of Tartronic Acid

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Bio-inorganic Chemistry Laboratories. Andhra University, Visakhapatnam-530 003 Manuscript received 3 July 1992, revised 22 January 1993, accepted 9 February 1993 A Thallimetric Oxidation Method for the Estimation of Tartronic Acid
Fernlesen mit Foucault? Überlegungen zur Praxis des <i>distant reading</i> und zur Operationalisierung von Foucaults Diskursanalyse

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Our paper offers a critical examination of the concept and practice of Distant Reading, as coined by Franco Moretti in 2000. We consider several definitions of the term and look for possible operationalizations. It becomes clear that Distant Reading has largely been a theoretical vehicle or mere buzzword in the past one and a half decades that adapts only slowly to the practices and technological standards of the Digital Humanities. In the light of these findings, we conclude with an examination of the operational potential of Foucauldian discourse analysis.