jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A Simple Approach for Multi‐fidelity Experimentation Applied to Financial Engineering

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

In practical applications, information about the accuracy or ‘fidelity’ of alternative surrogate systems may be ambiguous and difficult to determine. To address this problem, we propose to treat surrogate system fidelity level as a categorical factor in optimal response surface design. To design the associated experiments, we apply the Expected Integrated Mean Squared Error optimal design criterion, which takes into account both variance and bias errors. The performance of the proposed design was compared using three test cases to four types of alternatives using the Empirical Integrated Squared Error. Because of its ability to foster relatively accurate predictions, the proposed design is recommended in fidelity experimental design, particularly when the experimenters lack sufficient information about the fidelity levels of surrogate systems. The method was applied to the case of intraday trading optimization in which data were collected from the Taiwan Futures Exchange. We also calculated the implied volatility from the Merton's Jump‐diffusion model via the fast Fourier transform algorithm with three different models of varying fidelity levels. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Results of Pap smear examinations in 1989.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Results of Pap smear examinations in 1989 for disease detection in the female reproductive tract were compiled at Siriraj Hospital. The major technique was VCE. A total of 34,884 Pap smears were taken from females ranging in age from one day to 90 years; the mean age was 36.7 +/- 11.5 years. The percentage of the cytological diagnoses were: 51.6 normal smears, 45.3 infection and inflammation, 0.4 few abnormal cells, 1.1 dysplasia, 0.4 carcinoma in situ, 1.0 invasive carcinoma (0.1 keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix, 0.4 large cell nonkeratinizing, 0.1 small cell nonkeratinizing and 0.1 adenocarcinoma; 0.1 adenocarcinoma of the corpus; and 0.2 adenocarcinoma of the ovary) and 0.2 unsatisfactory smears. Of the total number of women who underwent Pap smear examination only 5.0 per cent did so more than once a year. Hence, there should be appropriate treatment and/or sufficient investigation in women with infection and with abnormal smears.
A health profile of New Zealand youth who attend secondary school.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This survey finds that most school students are healthy, but there are areas of serious concern including driving behaviours and mental health. Students report a high prevalence of positive connections with family and school; these connections are known sources of resiliency in the lives of young people. Findings of the current study support the implementation of the New Zealand Government's newly released youth policies: the Youth Development Strategy Aotearoa and the Youth Health Action Plan.
Answer to case of the month #121. Diagnostic imaging of small bowel obstruction secondary to intussusception in an adult female.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A 51-year-old woman presented with confusion and headache of increasing intensity. She had a history of renal cell carcinoma of the right kidney with metastasis to her left lung. During her time in hospital, the patient had nausea and one episode of vomiting. A soft abdomen with tinkling bowel sounds, mild left lower-quadrant tenderness, and equivocal rebound tenderness were notable on preoperative abdominal examination. There was no mass, blood, or stored fecal material in the rectum.
Surface degradation of HTV silicone rubber and EPDM used for outdoor insulators under accelerated ultraviolet weathering condition

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The chemistry of surface degradation by ultraviolet light (UV) of high temperature vulcanized dimethyl silicone rubber (HTV SIR) and ethylene propylene diene ter-polymer (EPDM), has been studied by many researchers. Insulators fabricated from these materials are normally "qualified" for outdoor use by accelerated life tests that typically include salt-fog and high AC voltages but with insignificant levels of UV. The manufacturer usually counters this by subjecting samples of the material to UV in a weathering tester. However, the nature of the interaction of the UV with the other stress factors present in the accelerated life test remains unknown. This paper focuses on the effects of prolonged UV exposure (5000 h) on electrical and chemical surface properties. Periodic tests of contact angle, SEM, XPS, surface resistivity and surface voltage decay analyses were made. The contact angle of silicone rubber dropped slightly (5/spl deg/ after 1000 h of UV; 10/spl deg/ after 5000 h of UV) and little damage was indicated by SEM; but EPDM suffered a severe drop in contact angle (46/spl deg/ after 1000 h of UV; 68/spl deg/ after 5000 h of UV) accompanied by surface cracking and chalking. Surface resistivity (/spl rho//sub s/) of HTV SIR increased by 50% to 2 /spl times/10/sup 14/ /spl Omega//square after 5000 h of UV. This indicates unexpected lack of ionic character of the degraded surface, but may be partly due to UV generated SiO/sub 2/ between the specimen and the electrode. Surface voltage decay after corona charging, a non-contacting technique with appeal because it is non-damaging and easy to apply to a variety of geometry. The accuracy of the Cresci theoretical equation for the geometry used was confirmed. We feel that these trends in surface resistivity correlate well with observations in the field where a tendency toward surface tracking in EPDM controls life while for HTV SIR life may depend more on the degree of contamination of the environment that can lead to surface erosion. The surface abundance trends of O-C = O and SiOx (x=3/spl sim/4) with time indicate that O-C=O and SiO/sub x/ have increased rapidly at short treatment times and then level off at about 10% and 50%, respectively, until the end of the test time (5000 h). We suspect that these trends are important in the initiation of tracking in EPDM and of erosion rate increase in HTV SIR. It might also be indicative of the time when the SiO/sub x/ functional groups start to degrade to SiO/sub 2/+O/sub x/ which causes HTV SIR to undergo mainly a cross-linking reaction.
The Growth of Aviation in Britain

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Any study of the growth of aviation in Britain must stress the close links which have always existed between, on the one hand the government, and on the other the manufacturers of aeroplanes and the operators of commercial aircraft. The government was, and is, the industry's biggest customer; clearly a monopolist in the purchase of new military aircraft, the state can also exercise similar powers over the configuration and the quantity of large civil airliners. Although this paper will concentrate upon the growth of commercial flight, we will see that there is a very close relationship between the research and development undertaken on military aircraft and technical changes in civil aeroplanes. For example, it was a commonly held view in the inter-war years that the bomber and the large airliner had much in common and therefore many ardent disarmers viewed the production of fast, manoeuvreable airliners with grave suspicion an affront to the spirit if not the letter of disarmament. Such views helped to retard the development of the large aeroplane in Britain during the 1930s.1 From early on in the history of aviation the state was conscious of its role as a stimulus for technical advance in all sorts of aircraft. The industry benefited enormously from the practical assistance given at government-financed research laboratories and the theoretical advice which emanated from advisory bodies.2 State regulations controlled the safety aspects of civil aviation and as increasing aeronautical sophistication resulted in soaring costs, help with research and development expenses was provided. The government could, and did, control the size of the industry and when bankruptcy demonstrated that civil aviation could not fly by itself, subsidies were provided though the industry had to tolerate political decisions influencing many route allocations rather than commercial criteria.
ABCDPlace: Accelerated Batch-Based Concurrent Detailed Placement on Multithreaded CPUs and GPUs

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Placement is an important step in modern verylarge-scale integrated (VLSI) designs. Detailed placement is a placement refining procedure intensively called throughout the design flow, thus its efficiency has a vital impact on design closure. However, since most detailed placement techniques are inherently greedy and sequential, they are generally difficult to parallelize. In this article, we present a concurrent detailed placement framework, ABCDPlace, exploiting multithreading and graphic processing unit (GPU) acceleration. We propose batch-based concurrent algorithms for widely adopted sequential detailed placement techniques, such as independent set matching, global swap, and local reordering. The experimental results demonstrate that ABCDPlace can achieve 2× -5× faster runtime than sequential implementations with multithreaded CPU and over 10× with GPU on ISPD 2005 contest benchmarks without quality degradation. On larger industrial benchmarks, we show more than 16× speedup with GPU over the state-of-the-art sequential detailed placer. ABCDPlace finishes the detailed placement of a 10-million-cell industrial design in 1 min.
Detection of S‐adenosylhomocysteine and methylation index in blood by capillary electrophoresis

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

This work proposes an approach to the direct analysis of S ‐adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) and the methylation index in blood using CE with UV detection (CE‐UV). After application of meglumine postinjection, we achieved SAH in‐capillary preconcentration in the HClO 4 extracts of erythrocytes, which improved the detection limit ( S/N = 3) of SAH up to 3 fmol or 180 nmol/L at the injection volume of 50 nL, taking into account the sample dilution rate. CE‐UV was carried out in 30 mM glycine and 45 mmol/L HCl (pH ∼1.8) at 17 kV in a capillary 48 cm in length and 50 μm id. Accuracy of the technique was 101% and reproducibility was about 12%.
Risk factors for severe novel coronavirus infection SARS-CoV-2 in women during pregnancy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Numerous studies suggest that pregnant women are at risk for severe morbidity, adverse gestational outcomes, and mortality after SARSCoV-2 infection. The high-risk group for developing severe forms of COVID-19 is made up of patients with concomitant somatic pathologies: chronic lung diseases, diseases of the cardiovascular system, arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, oncological diseases, obesity, chronic kidney disease, liver disease. Study aim. To study the medical and genetic risk factors for the severe course of a new SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus infection in women during pregnancy. Materials and methods. An open prospective continuous cross-sectional study in which 114 patients after suffering SARS-CoV-2 were examined, who were in the period of 2020-2021 on inpatient treatment at a maternity hospital as part of a multidisciplinary infectious diseases hospital, Moscow, Russia. Depending on the severity of the underlying disease, groups were identified: group I (n=36) — patients with mild SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus infection, group II (n=56) — women with moderate severity, group III (n=22) — patients with a severe course. Results. Risk factors for severe course of the novel coronavirus infection SARS-CoV-2 in pregnant women: age over 35 years (OR=4.7; 95% CI: 1.9—12.0), pregnancy after in vitro fertilization (OR=6.8; 95% CI: 2.2—22.7), family history of cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, and bronchial asthma in first-line relatives (OR=8.5; 95% CI: 3.4—22.4), obesity (OR=31.1; 95% CI: 9.2—105.3), diseases of the circulatory system (OR=16.4; 95% CI: 5.0—54.0), diseases of the genitourinary systems (OR=4.4; 95% CI: 1.7—11.6), respiratory diseases (OR=6.8; 95% CI: 2.0—22.9), gestational diabetes mellitus (OR=8.5; 95% CI: 2.9—27.4), high-risk thrombophilia (OR=7.2; 95% CI: 2.9—19.6).
Exploiting graph structure for accelerating the calculation of shortest paths in WordNets

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents an approach for substantially reducing the time needed to calculate the shortest paths between all concepts in a wordnet. The algorithm exploits the unique "star-like" topology of wordnets to cut down on time-expensive calculations performed by algorithms to solve the all-pairs shortest path problem in general graphs. The algorithm was applied to two wordnets of two different languages: Princeton WordNet (Fellbaum, 1998) for English, and GermaNet (Kunze and Lemnitzer, 2002), the German language wordnet. For both wordnets, the time needed for finding all shortest paths was brought down from several days to a matter of minutes.
Simultaneous Integrated Boost by Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT) with Concurrent Mitomycin and Capecitabine in Anal Canal Carcinoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Combined treatment with radiotherapy and chemotherapy is the standard approach in non-metastatic anal carcinoma. Intensity-modulated radiotherapy and volumetric modulated arc therapy are currently the most accepted radiation techniques. We intend to report the clinical outcomes of patients that have been treated with volumetric modulated arc therapy concomitant with mitomycin C and capecitabine.
Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of 11 patients diagnosed with anal carcinoma who received volumetric modulated arc therapy and a simultaneous integrated boost with concurrent chemotherapy. The chemotherapy protocol consisted of intravenous infusions of mitomycin C (12 mg/m2) on days 1 and 29, and oral capecitabine (825 mg/m2) twice daily with radiotherapy treatment.
Results: Most patients had stage IIIB (45.4%) disease. The majority of patients (63.7%) received a dose of 59.4Gy per 33 fractions to the primary tumor and enlarged lymph nodes (median dose: 59.4 Gy; range: 54 Gy-61 Gy). The overall treatment period ranged between 34-56 days. All patients received the planned chemotherapy protocol of two cycles with the exception of one patient who received one cycle due hematologic toxicity and intolerance. Grade 3 skin toxicity occurred in three (27.3%) patients followed by grade 3 gastrointestinal toxicities in 18.2% of patients. Grade 2 anemia (18.2%), neutropenia (27.3%), and thrombocytopenia (27.3%) were observed in eight patients. Complete response was achieved in 90.9% of patients. Patients had an overall one-year survival of 89% and overall 3-year survival of 71% (95% CI: 20.75%- 38.49%). After the median follow up period of 12 months, patients had a progression-free survival of 75% (95% CI: 21.29%-38.6%) and 2-year colostomy free survival of 68% (95% CI: 17.2%-32.1%).
Conclusion: Volumetric modulated arc therapy is a safe and effective modality of intensity modulated radiotherapy when combined with chemotherapy (mitomycin C and capecitabine) in anal cancer patients.
Dynamic Evolution and Effective Tuning of Lithium Dendrites Revealed by Phase Field Model and 2D Numerical Simulation

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Lithium dendrites are widely acknowledged as the main culprit of the degradation of performance in various Li-based batteries. Studying the mechanism of lithium dendrite formation is challenging because of the high reactivity of lithium metal. In this work, a phase field model and in situ observation experiments were used to study the growth kinetics and morphologies of lithium dendrites in terms of anisotropy, temperature, and potential difference. Subsequently, a 2D numerical simulation has been developed to illustrate the impact of microscopic parameters, such as electrolyte potential, current distribution, and anode overpotential, on the growth of lithium dendrites after nucleation. Meanwhile, the influence of electrode interface, charging rate, and charging mode on lithium dendrites was also studied using the 2D model and in situ experiments. This work provides comprehensive insights into the kinetics of dendrite formation and morphologies, offering an important theoretical reference for the safety and long-life applications of batteries.
Theoretical study of the conformational preferences in the Cl4W:CH2 complex

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTheoretical study of the conformational preferences in the Cl4W:CH2 complexMariona Sodupe, Jose M. Lluch, Antonio Oliva, and Juan BertranCite this: Organometallics 1989, 8, 8, 1837–1841Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/om00110a001https://doi.org/10.1021/om00110a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views47Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Evaluation of the Somatotype of Patients with Class 1, 2 and 3 Obesity According to the Heath-Carter Scheme Using Various Formulas

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

AIM. The purpose of this work was to study the somatotypological characteristics of patients with non-communicable diseases and obesity of class 1, 2 and 3; compare three methods to evaluate the somatotype using three types of complex formulas according to the Heath-Carter scheme; to check the reliability and informativeness of the method of bioimpedance evaluation of somatotype components by regression formulas used in bioimpedance analysis. MATERIAL AND METHODS. 145 patients (67 men, mean age 41.4±10.3 years and 78 women, mean age 40.6±9.4 years) with class 1, class 2 and class 3 obesity, were examined at the clinic of the Federal Research Center of Nutrition and Biotechnology. Anthropometric measurements were taken. Bioimpedance evaluation of body composition was performed using the analyzer ABC-01 "Medas". The somatotype was determined according to the Heath-Carter scheme using three types of complex formulas – based on anthropometry and based on a bioimpedance study of body composition. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION. Based on anthropometric and bioimpedance studies, a characterization of somatotypes according to the Heath-Carter scheme in patients with alimentary-dependent pathologies and class 1, class 2 and class 3 obesity is presented. Significant differences were shown in the values of the somatotype components ENDO and MESO, obtained by calculation using the formulas implemented in the software of the bioimpedance analyzer, from the values obtained by calculating by formulas based on anthropometry. CONCLUSION. The degree of gender dimorphism was different when determining the somatotype according to the Heath-Carter scheme in patients with class 1, class 2 and class 3 obesity, and it depended on what particular formulas were used to calculate the scores. Pronounced gender dimorphism was noted when using both versions of the regression formulas, because they take into account the gender of the individual being examined. It was shown that these formulas are not applicable for evaluation of the components of the somatotype in persons with obesity of class 1, class 2 and class, because the coefficients of determination do not correspond to those previously obtained for a group of people with normal BMI values. We consider it expedient to develop new regression equations for evaluation of the somatotype of the above category of patients.
Employees’ preferences for services and facilities offered in serviced offices

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Purpose Serviced offices are popular, offering many services and facilities to attract tenants. As research showed that most business centres occupy similar buildings, services are important to differentiate. All kinds of people use them (from freelancers to employees of large corporates) and their characteristics are likely to influence how they value different services. This study aims to identify which services/facilities are perceived as most important and whether end-user characteristics explain differences between users regarding these preferences. Serviced office owners and operators can use the insights obtained from this study to differentiate their product offer from competitors and aim for specific tenant market segments. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected through a questionnaire among 137 end-users in 13 serviced offices in The Netherlands. With principal component analysis, 31 services and facilities could be reduced to six independent factors and four additional services. Multiple regression analysis was used to determine effects of user characteristics (employee demographics, job characteristics and reasons for using serviced offices) on perceived importance of each service/facility (factor). Findings Results showed that organisational characteristics had little effect on perceived importance of services and facilities. Especially the time spent at the office and the reasons for using it showed effects on importance of different services and facilities. Amenities like a gym and childcare were not deemed important by most of the respondents. Originality/value So far, research on office users focused largely on single-tenant offices and large corporates. Serviced offices have only been studied from the supply side until now.