jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Design of microcrystalline cellulose-free alginate spheroids by extrusion- spheronization technique / Siti Noorafifah Mohd Zolkefpeli

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Conventional spheroid preparation by extrusion-spheronization technique requires microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) as processing aid to improve extrudability of wet mass and spheronization capacity of extrudates. The present study investigated formulation and processing attributes in extrusion and spheronization necessary for design of MCC-free alginate spheroids. The physicochemical characteristics of these spheroids were examined and compared against MCC-Ioaded alginate spheroids using chlorpheniramine maleate and tolbutamide as water-soluble and poorly water-soluble drugs respectively. Alginate spheroids demonstrated a slower release of hydrophilic drug due to ease of matrix swelling and aggregation in the absence of MCC. This
reduced their specific surface area for drug dissolution. Crosslinking of alginate with soluble calcium densified the surface of spheroids and hindered matrix aggregation. It led to faster drug release from alginate than alginate-MCC spheroids. Fast drug
release was also noted in spheroids embedded with hydrophobic drug when MCC was absent as drug adsorbent. A complete replacement ofMCC with alginate can promote or retard drug release of spheroids as a function of drug-polymer interaction and state of matrix swelling and aggregation
Detection and clinical significance of serum autoantibodies in patients with myasthenia gravis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To investigate the expressions and clinical significance of serum anti - acetylcholine receptor antibodies (AChR-Ab), anti-Titin antibodies (Titin-Ab), and anti-Ryanodine receptor antibodies (RyR-Ab) in patients with myasthenia gravis (MG). Methods Serum AChR-Ab, Titin-Ab and RyR-Ab were detected with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in 182 MG patients, 105 patients of other neurological diseases (OND) and 62 normal controls. Results Serum AChR-Ab, Titin-Ab and RyR-Ab were detected positive respectively in 68.13% (124/182), 64.29% (117/182) and 67.03% (122/182) of patients in MG group. The positive rates of those antibodies in MG group were significantly higher than those in OND group (P = 0.000, for all) and control group (P = 0.000, for all). When 3 antibodies coexisted, the sensitivity in the diagnosis of MG was 41.21%, with 99.40% of specificity. There was no significant difference in the positive rate of serum AChR-Ab, Titin-Ab and RyR-Ab between early-onset MG subgroup and late-onset MG subgroup (P > 0.05, for all). The positive rates of AChR-Ab were significantly higher in MG patients with thymoma than in those without thymoma (P = 0.004). There was no significant difference in the positive rate of Titin-Ab and RyR-Ab between MG with thymoma subgroup and MG without thymoma subgroup (P > 0.05, for all). The prevalence of AChR-Ab in generalized MG (GMG) atients (Ⅱa and Ⅱb) was higher than those in ocular MG (OMG) patients (typeⅠ; P = 0.005, 0.012). There was no significant difference in the positive rate of Titin-Ab and RyR-Ab between GMG subgroup and OMG subgroup (P > 0.05, for all). Conclusions Serum AChR-Ab, Titin-Ab and RyR-Ab can be used as ndicators of the diagnosis of MG. Patients with 3 coexisted positive antibodies are highly suspected as MG. Higher AChR-Ab level in serum of OMG patients indicates the possibility of progressing to GMG. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2016.10.007
N-BANDING KARYOGRA1\1M OF "ALCEDO" AND CHROMOSOME BAND NOI\'lENCLATURE

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A standard karyotype based on N-banding has been constructed for Triticum aestivum L. Alcedo. Total 12 chromosomes (2A, 3A, 4A, 5A, 7A, IB, 2B, 3B, 4B, 5B, 6B, and 7B) have been identified. N-banding chromosomes of Alcedo were compared with the standard karyogramm of Chinese Spring. Majority of the chromosomes consists of dark bands. In some cases each arm has been subdivided into more than one regions. All the chromosomes were found to be similar with the Chinese Spring chromosomes, except 3B and 6B. The chromosomes 3B and 6B have shown translocation.
Temperature numerical analysis for a support structure of jacket-type offshore wind turbine

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Temperature has significantly negative effect on structural performance, this situation is sure to be even worse for support structure of offshore wind turbine (OWT) in harsh ocean environment. In this study, the daily temperature effects on a support structure of jacket-type OWT are investigated using numerical simulation. The basic theory and method of thermal analysis for structure are briefly introduced. The finite element (FE) models for thermal analysis of the support structure of an OWT are constructed. Then, the time-dependent thermal boundary conditions are determined using the meteorological parameters of a typical sunny day. Accordingly, the thermal boundary conditions are applied on the FE model. Subsequently, the transient heat-transfer analysis is performed for structural temperature calculation. At last, the time-dependent structural temperature variation and distribution of the support structure are discussed. The results show that the temperature effects are considerable and have obvious daily-cycle property. The solar radiation and air temperature are the major influential factors on the structural temperature behavior of the steel tube tower. The temperature effects should be seriously considered in the design and maintenance of the support structure of OWT.
A Preliminary Validity Study of the Brief Infant-Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment(BITSEA) for the Early Screening of Autism Spectrum Disorder in Infants and Toddlers.

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

본 연구는 영유아의 사회, 정서적 행동 문제를 선별하는 도구인 간편 영유아 사회정서 평가척도(BITSEA)가 영유아의 자폐스펙트럼장애(ASD)의 특성을 조기 선별하는 도구로 유용한지 확인하고자 하였다. 연구대상은 ASD 집단 50명과 일반집단 100명 총 150명으로 신뢰도 및 타당도 검정을 진행하였다. 측정 도구는 간편 영유아 사회정서 평가척도(BITSEA) 중 ASD-하위척도(BITSEA-ASD 문제, BITSEA-ASD 유능성), 아동기 자폐 평정척도, 한국판 영유아 자폐 선별검사, 멀런 초기학습기능 척도, 부모 작성형 유아 모니터링체계, 유아 행동평가척도가 사용되었다. 연구 결과 BITSEA-ASD 하위척도에서 ASD 집단과 일반집단의 영역별 차이 검정에서 ASD 집단이 일반집단보다 높게 나타났다. 공인타당도 검정 결과 CBCL1.5-5와 BITSEA-ASD 하위척도 비교에서 CBCL1.5-5의 문제행동 총점이 .81, 내재화가 .81, 외현화가 .81로 높은 상관을 보였다(p<.01) . M-CHAT 와 BITSEA-ASD 하위척도와의 상관은 .451, CARS와 BITSEA 하위척도와의 상관은 .587로 비교적 양호한 상관을 보였다(p< .01) . 본연구결과 BITSEA-ASD 하위척도가 ASD 영유아를 조기 선별할 수 있는 검사 도구로써 활용 가능성이 예비적 수준에서 검정 되었다.
A simple device for loading radioactive seeds into absorbable sutures.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Radioactive I-125 seeds that are loaded into absorbable sutures are convenient for permanent or removable interstitial-implantation. A simple device for loading radioactive seeds into commercially available sutures is described. This loader permits fast placement of seeds in the suture with minimal exposure to the involved personnel. Variable spacing is accomplished either by absorbable spacers or by minor manipulation of the loaded suture.
Data from Safety and Immunogenicity of LY3415244, a Bispecific Antibody Against TIM-3 and PD-L1, in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

<div>AbstractPurpose:<p>Investigate the safety and efficacy of LY3415244, a TIM-3/PD-L1 bispecific antibody that blocks TIM-3 and PD-L1 in patients with advanced solid tumors.</p>Patients and Methods:<p>A phase I, multicenter, open-label study was conducted in patients with advanced solid tumors. Patients were dosed every 2 weeks intravenously with flat doses of LY3415244 escalating from 3 to 70 mg. The primary endpoints were safety, tolerability, and identification of the recommended phase II dose.</p>Results:<p>Between November 2018 and October 2019, 12 patients were enrolled into four cohorts and received at least one dose of LY3415244. Two patients (16.7%) developed clinically significant anaphylactic infusion-related reactions and all patients developed treatment-emergent antidrug antibodies (TE-ADA). ADA titers were sometimes very high and negatively impacted soluble TIM-3 target engagement in most patients. ADA epitope specificity was against both TIM-3 and PD-L1 arms of the bispecific antibody; most TE-ADAs initially targeted the TIM-3 arm after the first dose. Preexisting ADAs against LY3415244 were also detected in normal (unexposed) human serum samples. One patient with PD-1 refractory non–small cell lung cancer had a near partial response (−29.6%).</p>Conclusions:<p>This TIM-3 and PD-L1 bispecific format was associated with unexpected immunogenicity targeting both arms of the bispecific antibody, resulting in early study termination. Epitope specificity analysis revealed an initial response toward the TIM-3 arm and presence of preexisting ADAs to the bispecific molecule in the general population. This experience emphasizes the importance of thorough analyses for preexisting ADAs as part of immunogenicity risk assessment of novel antibodies.</p><p><i>See related commentary by de Spéville and Moreno, p. 2669</i></p></div>
Honeybee navigation: critically examining the role of the polarization compass

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Although it is widely accepted that honeybees use the polarized-light pattern of the sky as a compass for navigation, there is little direct evidence that this information is actually sensed during flight. Here, we ask whether flying bees can obtain compass cues derived purely from polarized light, and communicate this information to their nest-mates through the ‘waggle dance’. Bees, from an observation hive with vertically oriented honeycombs, were trained to fly to a food source at the end of a tunnel, which provided overhead illumination that was polarized either parallel to the axis of the tunnel, or perpendicular to it. When the illumination was transversely polarized, bees danced in a predominantly vertical direction with waggles occurring equally frequently in the upward or the downward direction. They were thus using the polarized-light information to signal the two possible directions in which they could have flown in natural outdoor flight: either directly towards the sun, or directly away from it. When the illumination was axially polarized, the bees danced in a predominantly horizontal direction with waggles directed either to the left or the right, indicating that they could have flown in an azimuthal direction that was 90° to the right or to the left of the sun, respectively. When the first half of the tunnel provided axial illumination and the second half transverse illumination, bees danced along all of the four principal diagonal directions, which represent four equally likely locations of the food source based on the polarized-light information that they had acquired during their journey. We conclude that flying bees are capable of obtaining and signalling compass information that is derived purely from polarized light. Furthermore, they deal with the directional ambiguity that is inherent in polarized light by signalling all of the possible locations of the food source in their dances, thus maximizing the chances of recruitment to it.
Clone Merge -- An Eclipse Plugin to Abstract Near-Clone C++ Methods

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Software clones are prevalent. In the work of Laguë et al. [2], they observe that 6.4% and 7.5% of the source code in different versions of a large, mature code base are clones. The work of Baxter et al. [1] reports even higher numbers, sometimes exceeding 25%. We consider the prevalence of such near miss clones to be strong indicators that copy-paste-modify is a wide-spread development methodology. Even though clones are prevalent, they are a significant development headache. Specially, if bugs arise in one of the clones, they need to be fixed in all of the clones. This problem is acknowledged in the work of Juergens et al. [4] who say in their work that "cloning can be a substantial problem during development and maintenance", since "inconsistent clones constitute a major source of faults". A similar concern is raised in practitioner literature [3] suggesting that clones should be removed in some form or the other. We present a tool that can be installed as a plugin to Eclipse CDT, the development environment for C/C++. The research prototype comes with a refactoring option called "Copy Paste merge" refactoring, which is available as a menu option in the modified version of the Eclipse CDT.
Generation of interleukin 4 (IL-4)-producing cells in vivo and in vitro: IL-2 and IL-4 are required for in vitro generation of IL-4-producing cells.

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

T cell populations derived from naive mice produce very small amounts of interleukin 4 (IL-4) in response to stimulation on anti-CD3-coated dishes. IL-4 production by such cells is mainly found among large- and intermediate-sized T cells and is dependent upon IL-2. Injection of anti-IgD into mice, a stimulus that leads to striking increases in serum levels of IgG1 and IgE, causes a striking increase in the IL-4-producing capacity of T cells. This increase is first observed 4 d after injection of anti-IgD. IL-4 production by T cells from anti-IgD-injected donors is mainly found among large- and intermediate-sized T cells. Small, dense T cells are poor producers of IL-4. The capacity of T cells from anti-IgD-injected donors to produce IL-4 is enhanced by addition of IL-2 and is largely, but not completely, inhibited by neutralization of in situ produced IL-2. These results indicate that the control of IL-4 production in T cells from naive and anti-IgD-injected donors is similar. However, it is possible that a portion of the IL-4-producing activity of T cells from activated donors is IL-2 independent. Although small T cells from naive donors have a very limited capacity to produce IL-4 in response to stimulation with anti-CD3, even in the presence of added IL-2, they can give rise to IL-4-producing cells upon in vitro culture on plates coated with anti-CD3 if both IL-2 and IL-4 are added. This leads to the appearance of IL-4-producing cells within 2 d. When analyzed after 5 d of culture by harvesting and re-exposure to anti-CD3-coated culture wells and IL-2, these cells have increased their IL-4-producing capacity by approximately 100-fold. The development of IL-4-producing cells in response to anti-CD3, IL-2, and IL-4 is not inhibited by interferon gamma (IFN-gamma), nor does IFN-gamma diminish IL-4 production by these cells upon challenge with anti-CD3 plus IL-2.
EMBEDDED HARD REAL-TIME SOFTWARE SYNTHESIS CONSIDERING DISPATCHER OVERHEADS

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Due to the increasing complexity and diversity of requirements, embedded software has become much harder to design. For instance, since several applications demand safety properties, the correctness and timeliness verification is an issue to be concerned. Usually, complex embedded real-time systems rely on specialized operating system kernels. However, operating systems may introduce significant overheads in execution time as well as in memory requirement. Software synthesis might be an alternative approach to operating systems usage, since it can generate tailored code for satisfying functional, performance, and resource constraints, and automatically generate runtime support (scheduling, resource management, communication, etc) customized for each particular specification. An often neglected situation in software synthesis research is the dispatcher and timer interrupt handler overheads. This paper provides a formal approach, based on time Petri nets, for synthesizing a timely and predictable scheduled code considering dispatcher overheads.
Eight weeks of dynamic stretching during warm‐ups improves jump power but not repeated or single sprint performance

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract There is abundant research involving the acute effects of stretching on subsequent performance; however, there is little information on dynamic stretch training programmes on range of motion (ROM), power and speed measures. It was the objective of this research to examine the training consequences of active dynamic stretching (ADS) and static dynamic stretching (SDS). A repeated measures design compared the effects of 8 weeks of warm‐ups incorporating two dynamic stretch modalities: ADS and SDS on squat jump (SJ), countermovement jump (CMJ), 20‐m sprint performances and repeated sprint ability (RSA) and hip ROM in 37 male soccer players. SJ height (SDS: 4.6%; ADS: 5.3%; p <0.05), CMJ height (SDS: 5.3%; ADS: 3.4%; p <0.05), CMJ force (SDS: 7.2%; ADS: 12.7%; p <0.001) and CMJ peak power (SDS: 3.9%; ADS: 3.3%; p <0.05) increased significantly after SDS and ADS training compared to the control group (no significant change). Sprint performance and RSA were not affected by either of the dynamic stretch training regimens. The SDS and ADS training programmes elicited similar improvements in flexibility (SDS: 57.6%; ADS: 45.1%; p <0.01) compared to the non‐significant changes in the control group. The inclusion of ADS and SDS within the regular warm‐up of an 8‐week training programme can improve not only flexibility but also jump power measures as well.
Carrier-driven coupling in ferromagnetic oxide heterostructures

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Transition metal oxides are well known for their complex magnetic and\nelectrical properties. When brought together in heterostructure geometries,\nthey show particular promise for spintronics and colossal magnetoresistance\napplications. In this letter, we propose a new mechanism for the coupling\nbetween layers of itinerant ferromagnetic materials in heterostructures. The\ncoupling is mediated by charge carriers that strive to maximally delocalize\nthrough the heterostructure to gain kinetic energy. In doing so, they force a\nferromagnetic or antiferromagnetic coupling between the constituent layers. To\nillustrate this, we focus on heterostructures composed of SrRuO$_3$ and\nLa$_{1-x}$A$_{x}$MnO$_3$ (A=Ca/Sr). Our mechanism is consistent with\nantiferromagnetic alignment that is known to occur in multilayers of\nSrRuO$_3$-La$_{1-x}$A$_{x}$MnO$_3$. To support our assertion, we present a\nminimal Kondo-lattice model which reproduces the known magnetization properties\nof such multilayers. In addition, we discuss a quantum well model for\nheterostructures and argue that the spin-dependent density of states determines\nthe nature of the coupling. As a smoking gun signature, we propose that\nbilayers with the same constituents will oscillate between ferromagnetic and\nantiferromagnetic coupling upon tuning the relative thicknesses of the layers.\n
Posthumous Praise: Biographical Influence in Canadian Literature

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This dissertation explores the phenomenon whereby a number of deceased Canadian women writers have had their lives utilized in subsequent works of fiction, drama, poetry, film, and biography. The dissertation gives this phenomenon a name-biographical influence-and argues that it represents a challenge to traditional literary canonicity in the Canadian context. Whereas literary canonicity has traditionally been the domain ofliterature professors, the phenomenon of biographical influence may be read as a writer-enacted substitution for traditional canonicity. This writer-enacted canon is comprised of literary heroines who have been elevated to their status not, as is traditional, because of the value oftheir work. Rather, entry to this new canon is reserved for writers whose lives often come close to eclipsing the value ascribed to their work. This is an ironic canonicity that valorizes the writer's life, while claiming to valorize the writer's work. Recent critiques by Lucasta Miller of the Bronte myth, Jacqueline Rose and Janet Malcolm of Sylvia Plath's posthumous status, and by Brenda Silver of Virginia Woolfs iconicity are a manifestation of the cross-pollination of Cultural Studies discourse with English Studies that this dissertation seeks to emulate. While Harold Bloom's "anxiety of influence" comes closest to providing the language with which to name the phenomenon this thesis describes, his theory does not account for three important differences in the Canadian context. First, instead of re-writing precursors' works, in Canadian literature, writers re-write their precursors' lives. Second, instead of this re-writing coming from a defensive position, in Canadian literature the intention is to aid the precursor's reputation, in many cases to solidify it. Finally, Bloom's theory cannot explain why it is that in Canadian literature, most "precursors" are women and not men. In the foreshortened female literary careers of Gwendolyn MacEwen and Pat Lowther, as well as in Susanna Moodie's life, the dissertation argues that some contemporary Canadian writers have found, among other things, a metaphor for expressing the large odds against literary success in this country. To explain the metaphor, the dissertation elaborates an argument based on Nancy Armstrong's reading of the rise of the novel that sees literary desire as the basis of biographical influence in Canada. It then uses close readings of works in which Susanna Moodie, Gwendolyn MacEwen, and Pat Lowther appear as characters, as well as Carol Shields' Swann and Margaret Atwood's The Blind Assasin-novels where biographical influence is fictionalized-as evidence for the phenomenon of biographical influence.
Tanggung Jawab Pendidikan Menurut Alquran

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Education is the most important factor in shaping human resources superior. In order to realize quality education so many factors that are responsible for and actively involved in advancing education. The following description is trying to explain the responsibilities of education based on the approach to librarianship and through analysis of the interpretation of the Qur'anic verses relating to responsibility for education. Specifically verses that will be examined is the surah Luqman/31:12-19 and Surah at-Tahrim/66:6. The results of the analysis of the research indicates that real education responsibilities given to four groups, namely: 1) parents as the first educators, 2) Educators/teachers that provide formal science at educational institutions, 3) Learners as people who need guidance, and 4 facilitate the sustainability of the Government) of education
Influence of Warming Needle Moxibustion on Lung Function of Senile Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in the Stable Period

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objective: To observe clinical effect of warming needle moxibustion on lung function of senile chronic obstructive pulmonary disease( COPD). Methods: The trial included 60 cases of senile COPD patients. The patients were randomly divided into experimental group and control group. The experimental group was given warming needle moxibustion and functional exercise; The control group was treated with conventional western medicine with functional exercise. The course of the two groups was 3 months. Observed the arterial blood gas analysis index,pulmonary ventilation function,st George’s respiratory questionnaire( SGRQ) scores. Results: 3 months after treatment,comparison PO2 and PCO2 of the two groups showed that warming needle acupuncture in improving arterial blood gas of patients was better than control group( P < 0. 05). Comparison FEV1,FEV1% and FVC% of the two groups showed that warming needle acupuncture in improving lung function of patients was better than control group( P < 0. 05). Comparison clinical curative effect of two groups showed that warming needle acupuncture was superior to the control group( P < 0. 05). Conclusion: Warming needle acupuncture with function training is an effective method for the treatment of senile chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the stable period.