jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Epicardial Fat Tissue Predicts Increased Long-Term Major Adverse Cardiac Event in Patients With Moderate Cardiovascular Risk

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We investigated the relationship between epicardial fat volume (EFV) measured by multislice computed tomography (MDCT) and long-term major adverse cardiac events (MACEs). Consecutive patients (n = 564) were enrolled in this retrospective study. Patients were divided into tertiles according to EFV. Patients were followed up for an average of 18 months. Patients in each tertile were similar in terms of gender and risk factors. Patients with greater EFV in the third group were more likely to be overweight ( P = .001) and older ( P = .001). High-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were relatively lower in the third tertile (45 ± 9, 45 ± 11, and 43 ± 9 mg/dL, respectively; P = .018). The third group had a significantly higher rate of myocardial infarction (0.6%, 1.1%, and 3.7%, respectively; P = .043). The incidence of MACEs during the follow-up period was highest in the third group 15.9% (4.1%, 7.7%, and 15.9%, respectively; P = .001). Epicardial fat volume measured by MDCT was associated with increased long-term cardiovascular risk.
A base-line study of the wear of burs used for chairside milling of ceramic crowns of different hardness: effect on internal fit and surface roughness

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

INTRODUCTION: Wear of milling burs may affect the internal fit and surface roughness of the milled crown. AIM: To assess the wear of diamond and tungsten carbide (TC) burs from milling ceramic materials and the effect on internal fit and surface roughness. METHODS: Thirty crowns of each of the two materials were milled from the same standard preparation. Diamond burs were used for a feldspathic ceramic and TC burs for zirconia. Before and after the 10th, 20th and 30th milling, diamond particle loss was counted and cutting blade changes of the TC burs measured. Internal fit was measured using a silicone replica technique and surface roughness by 3D laser microscope. RESULTS: An average 26% loss of diamond particles occurred after 30 crowns, resulting in a 6% decrease in internal luting space and a 21% decrease in surface roughness. Wear of the TC burs resulted in a 13% decrease in the luting space, and a 16% increase in surface roughness. CONCLUSION: The wear of milling burs reduces the luting space, and the milling parameters must be adjusted to compensate for this. Surface roughness is affected by bur type: with diamond burs it decreased, and increased with TC burs.
Induction of Volatile Organic Compounds of Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. and Its Resistance to Botrytis cinerea Pers. by Burdock Oligosaccharide

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In the present study, we investigated the induction of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. and its resistance to Botrytis cinerea Pers. by burdock oligosaccharide. The disease severity of L. esculentum was evaluated 48 h after treatment with 0.6% burdock oligosaccharide, followed by inoculation with a spore suspension of B. cinerea. The formation of O2+, the activity of lipoxygenases (LOX), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD), and the quantity and quality of changes in VOCs were determined a period of time after treatment with 0.6% burdock oligosaccharide. The results demonstrated that the disease index in treated plants was decreased by 42.5% compared with control 96 h after inoculation. The production of O2+ reached a maximum 6 h after treatment (1.36-fold compared with control). There was an increase in LOX, POD, CAT and SOD activity in response to burdock oligosaccharide treatment and the enzymes showed different trends in the time-course of induction. At 120 h after treatment, (E)-2-hexenal was increased by 92% compared with control, whereas methyl salicylate showed a gradual increase with induction period. Previous results had demonstrated that chitosan elicitor enhanced the production VOCs of L. esculentum and decreased plant susceptibility towards B. cinerea. Together, these findings suggest that increasing the production of VOCs in response to burrdock oligosaccharide may be an important mechanism for L. esculentumin its defense against pathogens. In addition, burrdock oligosaccharide may act as a potent elicitor of resistance to disease in L. esculentum. (Managing editor: Ping He)
A Preliminary Evaluation of the Security of a Non-Distributed Version of Windows NT

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper we present a preliminary evaluation of the security of a non-distributed version of Windows NT. The objectives of the work are twofold: first, to learn more about the security system; and, second, to find out how secure the system actually is. Thus the architecture and security mechanisms of Windows NT have been studied. Furthermore, the paper contains a few examples of successful intrusions on the target system, which was a standard personal computer with Windows NT Workstation 3.51 and one with NT Workstation 4.0, both working in a stand-alone mode. We have also found some evidence that other, more severe security flaws exist in the system
DEEDS DONE IN DIFFERENT WORDS: A GENRE-BASED APPROACH TO THIRD PARTY PRESIDENTIAL CAMPAIGN DISCOURSE

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Theories about political campaign communication have been based primarily on an understanding of the two-party system. Consequently, the rhetoric of third party presidential candidates has been seen as ineffective or unimportant because it violates the norms of political discourse. I maintain that this leads to a critical misunderstanding and under-appreciation for third party campaign rhetoric, since scholars too often ignore the situational barriers and perceived strategic constraints that these candidates routinely encounter. In the first two chapters of this project, I identify the purposes of third party campaigns and argue that the rhetorical style of serious minor party candidates is fundamentally different than the style of traditional incumbents and challengers. Functioning as agitators for change, third party presidential candidates use a rhetorical style that is polarizing, populist, rich in markers of authenticity, and aimed at producing public spectacle. In three additional chapters, I argue that the constraints, purposes, and rhetorical style that make third party candidates distinct from their major party counterparts means that even the most significant rhetorical moments of their campaign - the announcement statement, nomination acceptance speech, and concession - will violate the traditional norms of each genre. These differences suggest the existence of norms that are unique to third party discourse. As such, variants for each genre as they pertain to minor party candidates are described in detail, and applied to several case studies.
Cyclic Behavior of High-Strength Lightweight Concrete Exterior Beam-Column Connections Reinforced with GFRP

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Using lightweight reinforced concrete beams with glass fiber bars (GFRP) is one approach for achieving the requirement seismic design idea of “strong-columns weak-beams”. Twelve full-scale normal-strength concrete (NC with fc` = 32 MPa) and high-strength lightweight concrete (HSLWC with fc` = 42, 49 and 52 MPa) exterior beam-column joints have been tested under cyclic loadings. The beams were reinforced with conventional steel bars (CS) and GFRP using steel fibers (SF). The experimental joint shear force was compared with that estimated by some international codes such as the American Concrete Institute (ACI-19), the Egyptian code (ECP-07), and the New Zealand Code (NZS-06). Nonlinear finite element analysis (ABAQUS) was carried out. In the present study, three main parameters were explored (1) HSLWC, (2) GFRP ratios equal to 0.70%, 1.03% and 1.37%, (3) SF ratios equal to 0.0%, 0.75% and 1.50%. The findings of the experiment revealed that increasing the concrete strength from NC with conventional steel bars to high-strength lightweight concrete HSLWC (fc` = 42 MPa) with the same ratio of GFRP bars enhanced the first cracking load by about 25%. Increasing the SF ratio to 1.50% enhanced the failure load by 18–24% when compared with non-fiber specimens. The predicted joint shear strength estimated using the equations of the ACI 318-19 and ECP-07 are conservative for HSLWC exterior beam-column connection reinforced with GFRP bars but the predicted joint shear strength by using the equations of the NZS-07 is on the borderline for some cases. The finite element program ABAQUS can be used successfully to forecast the behavior of HSLWC beam-column connections reinforced with GFRP under seismic loadings.
[Satirical revues produced by the students in medicine of the Université libre de Bruxelles from 1944 to 2014].

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The paper deals with the content of the 10 satirical revues organized by the students in medicine of the Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB) from 1944 to 2014. That analysis allows identifying the events as well the figures which have left their mark in the Faculty of medicine of ULB during this period, at least according to the view of the students.
Self-consistent and Time-dependent Magnetohydrodynamic Chromosphere Models for Magnetically Active Stars

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We present self-consistent and time-dependent MHD heating models for chromospheres of magnetically active stars. We investigate the propagation and dissipation of longitudinal flux-tube waves in K2 V stars with different rotation rates implying different photospheric and chromospheric magnetic filling factors. These filling factors are critical for determining the number of flux tubes on the stellar surface and the spreading of the tubes with height, which is relevant for the propagation and dissipation of the magnetic energy as well as the generated radiative emission losses. The filling factors used in this Letter are estimated using a relationship between the photospheric values for B0f0 and Prot in accord with very recent magnetic field measurements by Rüedi et al. We also consider revised computations of magnetic energy fluxes by Ulmschneider & Musielak generated by turbulent motions. Our models show increased shock strengths and energy dissipation rates in stars of faster rotation because of the narrower spreading of the tubes. This also leads to increased chromospheric emission, particularly in Mg II in stars of faster rotation. We consider these results as a first step toward a theoretical derivation of chromospheric emission—stellar rotation relationships for stars of different masses and evolutionary status.
Study on Vibration and Noise of Railway Steel–Concrete Composite Box Girder Bridge Considering Vehicle–Bridge Coupling Effect

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A steel–concrete composite beam bridge fully exploits the mechanical advantages of the concrete structure and steel structure, and has the advantages of a fast construction speed and large stiffness. It is of certain research value to explore the application of this bridge type in the field of railway bridges. However, with the rapid development of domestic high-speed railway construction, the problem of vibration and noise radiation of high-speed railway bridges caused by train loads is becoming more and more serious. A steel–concrete composite beam bridge combines the tensile characteristics of steel and the compressive characteristics of concrete perfectly. At the same time, it also has the characteristics of a steel bridge and concrete bridge in terms of vibration and noise radiation. This feature makes the study of the vibration and noise of the bridge type more complicated. Therefore, in this paper, the characteristics of vibration and noise radiation of a high-speed railway steel–concrete composite box girder bridge are studied in detail from two aspects: the theoretical basis and a numerical simulation. The main results obtained are as follows: Relying on the idea of vehicle–rail–bridge coupling dynamics, a structural dynamics analysis model of a steel–concrete combined girder bridge for a high-speed railroad was established, and numerical program simulation of the vibration of the vehicle–rail–bridge coupling system was carried out based on the parametric design language of ANSYS 18.0 and the language of MATLAB R2021a, and the structural vibration results were analyzed in both the time domain and frequency domain. By using different time-step loading for the vehicle–rail–bridge coupling vibration analysis, the computational efficiency can be effectively improved under the condition of guaranteeing the accuracy of the result analysis within 100 Hz. Based on the power flow equilibrium equation, a statistical energy method of calculating the high-frequency noise radiation is theoretically derived. Based on the theoretical basis of the statistical energy method, the high-frequency noise in the structure is numerically simulated in the VAONE 2021 software, and the average contribution of the concrete roof plate to the three acoustic field points constructed in this paper is as high as 50%, which is of great significance in the study of noise reduction in steel–concrete composite girders.
The anatomy and causal structure of a corporate myth: Nokia by the book

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

In this paper we conceptualise explanations of company-specific commercial performance as corporate myths. To improve our understanding of anatomy and causal structure of corporate myths, we analyse publications that deal with Nokia’s historical transformation from a lossmaking 1980s conglomerate to a focused and successful telecommunications company in the early 1990s. From a corpus of related literature, 89 causal arguments are identified and analysed in terms of the logic of the arguments employed. The analysis shows that (1) most existing analyses offer either a specific or a biased explanation for Nokia’s success; (2) very few explanations are either plausible or logical; (3) it is most unlikely that another company would achieve the same outcomes even if exactly the same decisions were made. Even though combining and comparing different explanations does not enhance the validity of any specific historical interpretation of Nokia’s evolution or commercial success, it does offer an improved conceptual understanding of the ingredients found in corporate myths.
Teeth in a day. The Branemark Novum system.

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

The Branemark Novum system is a one-day treatment of the edentulous or periodontally hopeless mandibular dentition. There are four drill templates and eight drill guides that precisely position three implants which are totally parallel and level. A prefabricated lower bar is placed on the three implants, and an upper bar fits on the lower bar. The restorative dentist has previously selected denture teeth and recorded the vertical dimension of occlusion. The case is waxed up, adjusted, processed and delivered in one day.
Characteristics of convective precipitation over tropical Africa in storm‐resolving global simulations

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract We analyse how the representation of deep convection affects the characteristics of convective precipitation over tropical Africa in global storm‐resolving simulations with the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Integrated Forecasting System (IFS). The simulations consist in 48 hr forecasts initiated daily at 0000 UTC for a 40‐day period in August and September 2016, at 9 and 4 km resolution. We find that results agree best with the satellite retrieval Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Integrated Multi‐satellitE Retrievals for GPM (IMERG) when a term for the integrated and scaled total advective moisture tendency is added to the convective instability closure. This allows for a better coupling of the convective parametrization to the mesoscale dynamics and improves precipitation intensity (increased), precipitating area fraction (decreased), the size of individual deep convective systems (decreased) and their propagation (westward), even though the duration of rain events remains underestimated. With explicit deep convection, the duration of rain events is more realistic, but precipitation intensity is significantly overestimated, and extreme rain events (>400 mmday) are three times more likely than in GPM IMERG, causing biases in the organization of deep convection. In particular, individual convective systems are too small, hindering the formation of mesoscale convective systems. These findings are also valid for two other regions: the Maritime Continent and the contiguous United States. Our results suggest that deep convection is not completely resolved at a resolution of 9 or even 4 km, and that some scale‐aware parametrization is still needed for global numerical weather prediction.
A geometric construction of representations of the Berezin-Toeplitz quantization

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

For a Kähler manifold $X$ equipped with a prequantum line bundle $L$, we give a geometric construction of a family of representations of the Berezin-Toeplitz deformation quantization algebra $(C^\infty(X)[[\hbar]],\star_{BT})$ parametrized by points $z_0 \in X$. The key idea is to use peak sections to suitably localize the Hilbert spaces $H^{0}\left(X,L^{\otimes m}\right)$ around $z_{0}$ in the large volume limit.
Values of somatic traits and of body proportion indices in male and female newborns of Lublin.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Between December 1984 and May 1985, anthropometric measurements were applied to 455 full-term and healthy newborns (225 boys and 230 girls). The purpose of the investigation was to learn about somatic development and body proportions of Lublin newborns. It has been found that although the studied somatic traits show bigger differences between newborns of the same sex, rather than between newborns of the opposite sexes, sexual dimorphism of morphological traits apparently starts already at birth. Out of the analysed somatic traits and calculated body proportion indices, the following ones have significantly bigger values on boys: body mass and length, length of trunk with head and neck, length of trunk alone, hip width, shoulder width, width of distal femoral epiphysis, head length, width and circumference, and Quetelet index. In girls, in turn, thickness of three skin folds and shoulder-hip index are statistically more prominent. Mean values of somatic traits and body proportion indices may serve the purposes of regional standards for the evaluation of newborns in Lublin itself as well as in other towns of similar characteristics.
A global systematic review of publications concerning the invasion biology of four tree species

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Paper presents a systematic global review of Acer negundo , Fraxinus pennsylvanica , Ailanthus altissima , Robinia pseudoacacia invasions focusing on the Scopus and Web of Science databases. We examined the data on papers, study areas, habitat studied, topic discussed. We hypothesized that these species were studied evenly throughout their invaded ranges and, as such, indexed by international databases. We asked whether four selected species are presented evenly in publications related to their invaded ranges, and whether both selected databases cover well a content of these papers. We found 48 papers for A. negundo , 14 – for F. pennsylvanica , 83 – for A. altissima , 96 – for R. pseudoacacia . A high percentage of the studies were conducted in Central Europe and USA (for A. altissima ), while Eastern Europe, Russia, Western United States were poorly represented. Most studies were conducted in forests, and focused on impacts or distribution of aliens in invaded range, and their control and management. We encountered habitat types invaded by trees, factors influencing tree invasions, consequences of invaders’ impact on ecosystems, counteracting measures. We concluded that the use only Web of Science and Scopus is not sufficient to obtain the complete data about the invasion biology.
Data characterization using artificial-star tests: performance evaluation

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Traditional artificial-star tests are widely applied to photometry in crowded stellar fields. However, to obtain reliable binary fractions (and their uncertainties) of remote, dense, and rich star clusters, one needs to recover huge numbers of artificial stars. Hence, this will consume much computation time for data reduction of the images to which the artificial stars must be added. In this paper, we present a new method applicable to data sets characterized by stable, well-defined point-spread functions, in which we add artificial stars to the retrieved-data catalog instead of the raw images. Taking the young Large Magellanic Cloud cluster NGC 1818 as an example, we compare results from both methods and show that they are equivalent, while our new method saves significant computational time.
COMMUNITY GUIDANCE ASSIGNMENT PANDEMIC OVID-19 AND NEW NORMAL PREPARATION IN CLASS I CORRECTIONAL HALL OF BANDUNG

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The spread of corona virus in Indonesia is known to occur in March 2020 with positive corona cases found in Depok, West Java. Within 3 months, most cities in Indonesia contained corona patients. In July 2020, the Indonesian people will start a new life. This new life order will be applied to all walks of life. Changes will occur for civil servants or private employees in carrying out daily tasks. One of the experienced changes is Community Guidance. Community Guidance is a civil servant within the Directorate General of Corrections of the Ministry of Justice and Human Rights. These Community Guides have direct contact with their clients. Therefore, we need innovations to do the work. The research question is How does the Community Guidance do their work during the co-19 pandemic and new normal preparations at Class I Correctional Hall of Bandung? What impact will it have on Community Guidance at Class I Correctional Hall of Bandung? The purpose of this research is to analyze how the Community Guidance in carrying out tasks in the co-19 pandemic and the preparation of new normal and their impact on them. This study uses a qualitative method. The approach used is a descriptive approach. The research location is Class I Correctional Hall of Bandung. The results showed that the community guidance in carrying out their tasks during the co-19 pandemic used a lot of information technology. Therefore, community guidances are required to be able to operate the applications used