jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
World Health Organization multicenter study on menstrual and ovulatory patterns in adolescent girls. I. A multicenter cross-sectional study of menarche. World Health Organization Task Force on Adolescent Reproductive Health.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

To study the maturation processes during puberty, the Task Force on Adolescent Reproductive Health of the World Health Organization implemented a multicenter study on the age of menarche. From seven centers in six countries, 3,073 girls between the ages of 11 and 15 years volunteered for a two-year study. The girls were questioned at entry as to whether they had menstruated; social background data were recorded, and height and weight were measured. The median age for menarche was calculated by a life-table technique. The median ages were: Hong Kong-12 years, 9 months; Geneva, Switzerland-13 years, 1 month; Zafed, Israel and Stockholm, Sweden-13 years, 3 months; urban Colombo, Sri Lanka-13 years, 6 months; Ile-Ife, Nigeria-13 years, 9 months; and rural Peradeniya, Sri Lanka-14 years, 5 months. Menarche of the rural Peradeniya girls was later than the urban girls from Colombo and other study centers. The mean heights, weights, and obesity indices (Quetelet's Index) were higher in postmenarcheal girls compared to premenarcheal girls for each age at all centers.
Reliable Dimerization Energies for Modeling of Supramolecular Junctions

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Accurate estimates of intermolecular interaction energy, ΔE, are crucial for modeling the properties of organic electronic materials and many other systems. For a diverse set of 50 dimers comprising up to 50 atoms (Set50-50, with 7 of its members being models of single-stacking junctions), benchmark ΔE data were compiled. They were obtained by the focal-point strategy, which involves computations using the canonical variant of the coupled cluster theory with singles, doubles, and perturbative triples [CCSD(T)] performed while applying a large basis set, along with extrapolations of the respective energy components to the complete basis set (CBS) limit. The resulting ΔE data were used to gauge the performance for the Set50-50 of several density-functional theory (DFT)-based approaches, and of one of the localized variants of the CCSD(T) method. This evaluation revealed that (1) the proposed “silver standard” approach, which employs the localized CCSD(T) method and CBS extrapolations, can be expected to provide accuracy better than two kJ/mol for absolute values of ΔE, and (2) from among the DFT techniques, computationally by far the cheapest approach (termed “ωB97X-3c/vDZP” by its authors) performed remarkably well. These findings are directly applicable in cost-effective yet reliable searches of the potential energy surfaces of noncovalent complexes.
A Facile Modular Addition Approach to Size Control in the Synthesis of Oxo Bridged Phosphazane Macrocycles

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Inorganic macrocycles remain largely underdeveloped compared with their organic counterparts due to the challenges involved in their synthesis. Among them, cyclodiphosphazane macrocycles have shown to be promising candidates for supramolecular chemistry applications. However, further developments have been handicapped by the lack of synthetic routes to high-order cyclodiphosphazane macrocycles. Here we report the synthesis of high-order oxygen-bridged phosphazane macrocycles via a “3+n” (n= 1 and 3) condensation reaction synthetic strategy using novel trimeric building blocks. Using this method, the first-ever all-PIII high-order hexameric cyclodiphosphazane macrocycle was isolated, displaying a larger macrocyclic cavity than comparable organic crown-ether counterparts. Our approach demonstrates that increasing building block complexity enables unprecedented rational control over macrocycle size.
Clinician Note Documentation of Parental Justice Involvement: Preliminary Evidence from Pediatric Electronic Health Records

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract: Little is known about clinical documentation for youth exposed to parental justiceinvolvement (e.g., parole, probation, jail, prison). We reviewed the electronic health records of 100 youth with at least one mention of parental incarceration between 2011–2019 from a large Midwestern pediatric hospital-based institution to describe clinical documentation and health characteristics. Within the sample, youth more commonly experienced incarceration of a father-identified figure (68%) as opposed to a mother-identified figure (32%). Seventeen percent (17%) of the youth were between zero and four years of age when clinicians documented exposure to a parent's incarceration. Nearly one-third of youth charts had no documentation regarding service referrals or follow-up from providers upon disclosure of parental incarceration. Few clinician documentation details were present related to the context of parental justice involvement (timing, type, and duration). Future research is needed to better understand the intersection of parental justice involvement and child health and service connection.
A weighted random walk model, with application to a genetic algorithm

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We consider a weighted random walk model defined as follows. An n -step random walk on the integers with distribution P n is weighted by giving the path S =( S 0 ,…, S n ) a probability proportional to where the function f is the so-called fitness function. In the case of power-type fitness, we prove the convergence of the renormalized path to a deterministic function with exponential speed. This function is a solution to a variational problem. In the case of the simple symmetric random walk, explicit computations are done. Our result relies on large deviations techniques and Varadhan's integral lemma. We then study an application of this model to mutation-selection dynamics on the integers where a random walk operates the mutation. This dynamics is the infinite-population limit of that of mutation-selection genetic algorithms. We prove that the population grows to ∞ and make explicit its growth speed. This is a toy model for modelling the effect of stronger selection at ∞ for genetic algorithms taking place in a noncompact space.
The Dark and Light Sides of Humor

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract Humor is often described as an adaptive coping strategy. However, the empirical literature is surprisingly mixed. It is not yet clear under which circumstances humor is helpful, and whether there are situations in which humor might even have detrimental effects. In this chapter, we first define humor, and also identify light and dark sides of humor. Framing humor as an emotion regulation strategy, we present empirical results demonstrating the role of humor in down-regulating negative emotion and up-regulating positive emotion. We discuss benevolent (more positive) and mean-spirited (more negative) forms of humor and how they have differential effects on emotions when adopted as an emotion regulation strategy. We conclude by considering promising directions for future research on humor.
Properties of Nitrocellulose from Acacia mangium

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Alternatives for petroleum-based products are much needed now due to the depletion of resources and the negative impact of its usage. Amongst the many renewable alternatives of cellulose-based products, nitrocellulose is the oldest and longest thriving derivatives in the world, obtaining a long line of utilization such as biodegradable plastics and film, wood coatings, nail lacquer, automotive paints, and leather finishes. The inexhaustible selection of raw materials for nitrocellulose production are easily obtainable from the copious lignocellulose materials, primarily from cotton and wood pulp. In this study, the Acacia mangium , which is a timber species that heavily populates the plantation of Sabah, in pulp form are used to produce nitrocellulose. The objectives of this research was to determine the physical and chemical attributes of the nitrocellulose from two different sizes of A. mangium particles (75 and 150 μm), such as its degree of substitution, nitrogen content, rate of efficiency and weight percentage gained. The production method of nitrocellulose includes the nitration process of the A. mangium pulp with nitric and sulphuric acid, followed by repeated stabilizing procedures using hot water, and finally the extraction process. Among the different sizes, the 75 μm sample showed a lower degree of substitution and nitrogen content compared to the other, but however showed higher rate of efficiency and weight percentage gained. This is due to the higher surface area per volume for the 75 μm samples but which contradicts in DS value due its higher affinity towards absorbing other materials more than the nitrate itself. This was further proven by the infrared and EDX spectra, where the 75 μm sized sample was absorbing more elements but at a lower concentration than the other. This goes to show that samples with a higher surface area per volume does not guarantee a better substitution of nitrate in nitrocellulose production due to the non-specific preference of cellulose absorption.
Studies on the Rapid Analysis of Iron and Steel with a Photo-electric Photometer (Part 2) Determination of Silicon, Nitrogen, Nickel, Phosphorus and Molybdenum

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Silicon, Nitrogen, Niekel, Phosphorus and Molybdenum in Iron and Steel were determined rapidly by the use of photo-electric photometer.\ oindent(1) Silicon: In the weak acid solution, silicon was colorized as “Molybdenum blue” by reducing silico-molybdate with ferrous salts and oxalic acid, and 0.04∼0.21% of silicon in steel was determined in about 10 minutes, by refering to the calibration curve prepared with known amounts of silicon.\ oindent(2) Nitrogen: Sample was dissolved in an acid and nitrogen was converted to ammonium salts. After the separation of iron, it was colorizid with phenol and chloramin and 0.0094∼0.0594% of nitrogen in iron was determined.\ oindent(3) Nickel: In the alkaline solution, nickel gives very intensive red coloured complex salts with dimethylglyoxime in the presence of oxydizing reagent. Applying this reaction, after the removal of iron, about 0.008∼0.06% of nickel in iron was determined in about 10 minutes.\ oindent(4) Phosphorus: Applying the “Molybdenum blue” reaction with hydrazine, 0.022∼0.079% of phosphorus in iron was determined after the reduction of iron with sodiumsulfite.\ oindent(5) Molybdenum: 0.20∼1.15% of molybdenum in iron and steel was determined without separation of iron by the use of the reaction in which molybdenum forms the coloured complex salt with stanous chlorid and potassium thiocyanate.
Non-Parametric Estimation of a Distribution Function with Interval Censored Data

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Disjoint interval-censored (DIC) observations are found in a variety of applications including survey responses, contingent valuation studies and grouped data. Despite being a recurrent type of data, little attention has been given to their analysis in the nonparametric literature. In this study, we develop an alternative approach for the estimation of the empirical distribution function of DIC data by optimizing their nonparametric maximum likelihood (ML) function. In contrast to Turnbull’s standard nonparametric method, our estimation approach does not require iterative numerical algorithms or the use of advanced statistical software packages. In fact, we demonstrate the existence of a simple closed-form solution to the nonparametric ML problem, where the empirical distribution, its variance, and measures of central tendency can be estimated by using only the frequency distribution of observations. The advantages of our estimation approach are illustrated using two empirical datasets.
产1,3-丙二醇温控重组大肠杆菌JM109(pBV220-yqhD-dhaB)的构建

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

1，3-丙二醇（1，3-PD）是一种重要的化工原料，其最重要的用途是作为合成聚酯PTT的单体．由于微生物发酵法生产1，3-PD具有操作简单，不易产生有毒副产物等特点，已得到广泛关注．本研究在前期工作的基础上，分别获得了来源于肺炎克雷伯氏菌的甘油脱水酶编码基因dhaB和来源于大肠杆菌的1，3-PD氧化还原酶同工酶编码基因yqhD，利用温控表达载体pBV220串联构建了重组质粒pBV220-yqhD-dhaB，将其转化大肠杆菌得到产1，3-丙二醇温控重组大肠杆菌JM109（pBV220-yqhD-dhaB）．该重组菌在LB培养基中，30℃好氧培养12h至对数生长中期，再经42℃好氧诱导发酵4h，测得胞内甘油脱水酶和1，3-丙二醇氧化还原酶同工酶的酶活力分别达到260U／mg蛋白和140U／mg蛋白；在含甘油40g／L的发酵培养基中，30oC好氧培养12h至对数生长中期，再经42℃好氧诱导发酵4h，测得发酵液中1，3-PD含量为8．5g／L．这将为进一步构建基因工程菌生产1，3．PD打下坚实的基础．图6表1参18
Lindernia rotundifolia (Linderniaceae), Picria fel-terrae (Linderniaceae), and Limnophila aromatica (Plantaginaceae): three new records for the flora of Nepal

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Lindernia rotundifolia (L.) Alston (Linderniaceae), Picria fel-terrae Lour. (Linderniaceae), and Limnophila aromatica (Lam.) Merr. (Plantaginaceae) are newly reported from Jalthal forest, eastern Nepal. Picria Lour. is a new generic record for Nepal. Descriptions of all the species based on Nepalese specimens are provided, along with notes on diagnostic features, color photographs of the species, distribution maps, and notes on habitats.
Mel-Spectrogram Image-Based End-to-End Audio Deepfake Detection Under Channel-Mismatched Conditions

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This work focuses on the problem of detecting fake audio clips. To improve current audio spoofing detection models, we propose a selection of multiple audio augmentations spe-cially designed to resemble audio spoofing attacks. These augmentations are experimentally found to be very useful and using them achieves a notable performance of 2.8% EER on the ASVspoof 2019 challenge evaluation set. Unlike the widely employed acoustic features, in this paper we explore the use of Mel-spectrogram image features and employ vari-ous audio codecs to achieve robustness to codec and transmission channel variability present in the ASVspoof2021 Evalu-ation set. To better handle spectral information, crucial to de-tect spoofing, we adopt the WaveletCNN and VGG16 archi-tectures which outperform all baselines. Finally, we find that robustness of countermeasure systems degrades dramatically when provided with speech samples degraded through VoIP network transmission or mismatching audio compression.
Theoretical and methodological approaches to management of resource flow processes of development projects on macro-, mezzo-, microlevels

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Paper is devoted to the actual problem of managing resource flows of development projects as complex, unique, and open systems, across the different project lifecycle stages that differ in content and are distributed in space and time. The idea was to create a single throughout system for managing resource flow processes of the long-term projects. The research goal included development of theoretical and methodological approaches that can be used in order to manage the combination of development project resource flows using “order from chaos” paradigm. That includes by-stage organization of resource flow processes on of macro-, meso- and microscale, going from sources and sinks of the chaotic project environment resolve to ordered stages of project life cycles. It is proposed to implement resource flow management in form of the stage and resource-based “project-logistic” relay of a triune movement, ordering and transformation of the resource flow processes. This relay is created within a project-logistic field of project management that change by project phases. Synergetic effects of self-organization and self-control appear in the project logistic field due to horizontal interactions, sharing experience, competences, and values among the stakeholders in course of transforming entropic resource-flow processes into the negentropy processes related to project phase goals (attractors). Results can be used to forecast and develop multilevel resource-flow and process systems arranged by resource sources and sinks, and chaotically ordered for projects in different application areas. Further research perspectives include development of self-control and self-organization forms for development projects stakeholders that would comply with international best practices, and fit corresponding project stages.
Logistic principal component analysis for rare variants in gene-environment interaction analysis

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The characteristic of low minor allele frequency (MAF) and weak individual effects makes genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for rare variant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) more difficult by conventional statistical methods. Collapsing is the most common way to enhance the detection of rare variant effects by analyzing the association with a given trait by aggregating the rare variant effects belonging to the same functional gene. In this paper, we propose a novel MAF-based logistic principal component analysis (MLPCA) to derive aggregated statistics by explicitly modeling the correlations between rare variant SNP data, which is categorical. The derived aggregated statistics by MLPCA can then be tested as a surrogate variable in regression models to detect the gene-environment interaction from rare variants. In addition, MLPCA searches for the optimal linear combination from the best subset of rare variants according to MAF that has the maximum association with trait. To compare the power of our method with four existing collapsing methods for gene-environment interaction association analysis, we have applied these different methods on the Genetic Analysis Workshop 17 (GAW17) simulation data. Our preliminary experimental results have demonstrated that MLPCA has more power than those existing methods and can be further improved by introducing the appropriate sparsity penalty.
Profile of Antibiotic Sensitivity and Resistance of Some Pathogenic Bacteria Isolated from Clinical Specimens in Sudan

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In this study the activity of gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, ceftazi dinime impenem, amikacin, tetracycline, penicillin, nalidixic acid and nitrofurantoin was evaluated. A total of 380 clinical specimens were collected from different hospitals in Khartoum state. Different types of bacteria were isolated. These include Staphylococcus aureus (n=37), Escherichia coli (n=70), Klebsiella pneumoniae (n=15), Proteus spp. (n=57) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa(n=67).The study revealed that the profile of antibiotics sensitivity and resistance were as follows: Gentamicin 90.8 and 9.2%, ciprofloxacin 72.1 and 27.9%, ceftazi dinime 100.0 and 0.0%, impenem 100.0 and 0.0%, amikacin 94.0 and 6.0%, tetracycline 47.7 and 52.3%, nalidixic acid 65.9 and 34.1% and nitrofurantoin 86.3 and 13.7%, penicillin 16.7 and 83.3% and erythromycin 75.9 and 24.1% respectively. The study concluded that ceftazidinime and impenem were the most effective antibiotics against Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from wounds.
Manufacturing Strategy in Gerabah Business

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this study is to build a sustained competitive advantage for the gerabah business through the development of a manufacturing strategy.The specific target of this study is to analyze the application of manufacturing strategies as a competitive weapon in the gerabah business.The design of this study is quantitative descriptive.The population of this research is gerabah business in Takalar Regency.The final sample is 149 businesses.The sample unit is a gerabah business located in Pattallassang District, Takalar Regency with a total of 149 businesses.Respondents are business owners.Data collection through surveys using questionnaires.Data analysis used in this study is descriptive statistics.The findings of the study indicate that the application of a fairly good manufacturing strategy in production activities is able to encourage the ability of the gerabah business to compete.Quality strategy priorities, shipping strategies, flexibility strategies, and cost strategies provide an important role in the implementation of manufacturing strategies.Priority quality strategies are considered the most important in the implementation of manufacturing strategies based on respondents' ratings.
A high-quality video multicast scheme with a time limit

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The block-based fast transmission scheme, which is a typical stored video delivery scheme, is reasonable in terms of its bandwidth efficiency. However, it causes packet loss because of its burst data transmission method. Thus, we suggest a slotted multicast scheme for MPEG video based on the block transmission scheme to maintain a higher quality and to include time constraints. We define two delivery units, the "GoPs group" and the "frame type", on the basis of the MPEG characteristics with periodical NACK feedback from the clients. The former is tolerant to burst packet loss, and the latter gives priority to important frames. Block multicast has two phases: a "transmission phase" and a "retransmission phase". In the former, a server multicasts a block, and in the latter, a server retransmits lost packets using multicast according to the proper delivery unit.
Epididymal protein 3A is upregulated and promotes cell proliferation in non‑small cell lung cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Lung cancer is one of the most common cancer types and a major contributor to cancer-associated mortalities worldwide. The aim of the present study was to investigate the function of the epididymal protein 3A (EDDM3A) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Data from patients with NSCLC were retrieved from The Cancer Genome Atlas and analyzed, and the differences in EDDM3A expression level between 30 NSCLC tissues and matched adjacent non-tumor tissues (>5 cm) were assessed via tissue microarray analysis. It was revealed that, compared with adjacent non-tumor tissues, EDDM3A expression was significantly increased in NSCLC tissues (P=4.19×10-2). To knock down EDDM3A expression in a human NSCLC cell line, lentivirus-mediated short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) were used, and the knockdown efficiency was assessed via reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blotting. Moreover, cell proliferation was evaluated with an MTT assay and Celigo imaging cytometry. In addition, cell apoptosis was detected by Annexin V staining. It was demonstrated that knockdown of EDDM3A inhibited the proliferation of A549 cells. Furthermore, compared with the control group, the apoptotic rate of the EDDM3A-shRNA group was significantly higher. Collectively, the present results indicate the potential role of EDDM3A in NSCL and suggest that EDDM3A may represent a potent therapeutic target for treating patients with NSCLC.
Reactions of ions of iron and cobalt acetylacetonates with macrocyclic thioiurea derivatives in the gas phase

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Ion‐molecule reactions of (acac) 2 M + ions (M = Fe, Co) with macrocyclic thiourea derivatives (L) were studied. The formation of acacML + and acacM(L – H) + were observed. AcacM(L – H) + ions arise from loss of the hydrogen atom of the NH group. The ion peak intensity ratios, Z = [acacML + ]/[acacM(L – H) + ], for M = Co are higher than those for M = Fe, in accordance with the easier reduction of Co(III) to Co(II) than that of Fe(III) to Fe(II). It is proposed that the metal‐containing ions preferentially attack the thiourea fragment of the macro‐cycles studied.