jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Toward Evidence-Based Statistics

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Letters21 March 2000Toward Evidence-Based StatisticsDaniel P. Sulmasy, OFM, MD, PhDDaniel P. Sulmasy, OFM, MD, PhDSaint Vincents Hospital; New York, NY 10011 (Sulmasy)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-132-6-200003210-00015 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:I have two questions regarding Goodman's excellent articles on statistical inference (1, 2). First, does Goodman genuinely endorse the notion that “frequentist” probabilities are “objective” while inductive judgments are “subjective”? The word “probability” is ambiguous. “Probability” often means frequency, but “probability” can also refer to the degree of certitude in human judgments (3). Both senses of “probable” are objective in that their truth depends on the world, not the mind. Biomedical frequencies are objective values from which nonsystematic processes in the world cannot systematically deviate (4). Likewise, judgments about the truth of scientific hypotheses also depend on ...References1. Goodman SN. Toward evidence-based medical statistics. 1: The P value fallacy. Ann Intern Med. 1999;130:995-1004. LinkGoogle Scholar2. Goodman SN. Toward evidence-based medical statistics. 2: The Bayes factor. Ann Intern Med. 1999;130:1005-13. LinkGoogle Scholar3. Sulmasy DP. Futility and the varieties of medical judgment. Theor Med. 1997;18:63-78. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. Lonergan BJ. Insight: A Study of Human Understanding. San Francisco: Harper & Row; 1957:103. Google Scholar5. Kant I. Prolegomena to Any Future Metaphysics, Ak 260. Indianapolis, IN: Hackett; 1977:5. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Saint Vincents Hospital; New York, NY 10011 (Sulmasy) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoToward Evidence-Based Medical Statistics. 2: The Bayes Factor Steven N. Goodman Toward Evidence-Based Statistics Thomas Morgan Toward Evidence-Based Statistics Jean-Francois Caubet Metrics 21 March 2000Volume 132, Issue 6Page: 507KeywordsBayesian methodLikelihood ratio Issue Published: 21 March 2000 CopyrightCopyright © 2000 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
UPAYA PENINGKATAN KADAR HEMOGLOBIN REMAJA PUTRI SMK WIDYA PRAJA UNGARAN PADA PEMBERIAN KUDAPAN BERBASIS TEPUNG TEMPE

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background : Anemia is a nutritional problem in Indonesia which was characterized by a condition where the red blood cells or hemoglobin levels is lower than the normal value. Nutritional anemia is caused by deficiency nutrients that play a role in the formation of hemoglobin, due to inadequate consumption or absorption disorders. These nutrients are iron, protein, vitamin B12 which act as catalysts in hem synthesis in hemoglobin molecules, vitamin C, zinc which affect iron absorption and vitamin E which affect the stability of the red blood cell membrane. Most of these are iron nutrient anemia. Females adolescent are more susceptible to anemia compared than men. The minimum of hemoglobin levels in females adolescent to diagnose as anemia is when hemoglobin levels are less than 12 g / dl.Objective : To increase hemoglobin levels of females adolescents by providing tempeh flour-based snacksMethod : In this study, an attempt had made to create tempe-based formula in the form of pizza which was high in iron and protein, the availability of tempe flour was great because the absorption disturbing agent was damaged by the fermentation process. The analysis was carried out to observe the difference in Hb levels in the treatment group (given tempe flour pizza) and control (given a regular pizza) and the relationship between BMI, nutrients-intake and consumption compliance with Hb levels.Result : The results showed there was an increase in Hb levels of 1.21 g% in the treatment group (61.54%). Nevertheless, the increase did not statistically significant. There was no relationship between BMI, nutrients intake and compliance with pizza consumption to increase Hb levels.Conclussion : Administration of tempeh fluor-based pizza for a month could increase Hb levels by 1.21 g/dl in most study participant, but it did not statistically significant.
The Accordion Grating illusion measured by a nulling paradigm

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Dynamical viewing of an elementary square-wave grating by moving toward it creates the Accordion Grating illusion. Observers report a nonrigid perceptual distortion of the grating including two illusory effects: (i) an expansion only perpendicular to the stripes when moving the head towards the pattern and (ii) distortion of the physically straight stripes of the grating. Whilst the illusory expansion perpendicular to the stripes can be explained by the interactions between ambiguous and unambiguous motion signals generated at line interiors and line ends, a differential geometry model with a 3-D representation of the classical aperture problem is here proposed to account for the illusory curvature. Four subjects were tested in a nulling psychophysical experiment. The expected perceptual curvature was balanced by a physical counter-distortion calculated by the model. The amount of physical curvature necessary to nullify the illusion led to a precise quantification of the illusion and verified the proposed model.
Natural and Infused, the Ethics of Data

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Big data is an external source that influences human action. Such influence does not detract from persons’ moral responsibility, but it should be taken into consideration in moral formation and accountability. Yet how can something external to us that influences us be taken into account for ethical agency? This chapter seeks to answer that question by considering external and internal sources as principles of action. Since Aristotle, moral philosophy distinguished these two sources. Thomas Aquinas adopted this distinction and complicated it with an understanding of good action brought about by infused virtues that “God works in us without us.” Thinking about how the infused virtues influence human agency assists us in the task of considering the place of big data in Christian ethics.
Energy and compositional characteristics of giant reed grown under different levels of water deficit

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The aim of this work was to investigate if water-deficit conditions affect the energy and compositional characteristics of giant reed when grown under a continental-Mediterranean climate. A two-year field experiment was designed with two sources of variation: water-deficit level (three levels or treatments) and biomass fraction (leaves, stalks), and thirteen variables (biomass properties.
: Innovation of renewable energy generation technologies at a regional level in China:A study based on patent data analysis

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

This paper is a pioneer study which examines the innovation of renewable energy generation technologies based on residential patent applications in 30 regions of China between 2006 and 2015. Wind power, solar energy, geothermal energy, ocean energy, hydro power, and biomass & waste energy are the subject technologies for this analysis. Different indicators such as absolute numbers, growth rates and revealed technology advantages are used to measure the various green innovation dynamics in different regions. The results show that some regions with a higher number of patent applications or growth rates did not show stronger technological advantage (specialization) in such technologies. On the other hand, the region of Inner Mongolia shows a very strong specialization but with a much smaller number of patent applications.
A mutual coupling model for massive MIMO applied to the 3GPP 3D channel model

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Massive Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) has become one of the key technologies for future mobile communication systems. Although there is a variety of potential benefits, unresolved implementation issues of massive MIMO are manifold. In this work, we consider the issue of mutual coupling in large antenna arrays. A known matrix model that describes array coupling effects is considered. This coupling model is augmented by a matching network in order to provide a universal coupling model that is applicable to any channel model. Impact of array coupling is then shown by applying the coupling matrix on the 3rd Generation Partnership Project 3D channel model. We show that the matching network leads to decorrelation and significantly reduces capacity losses due to mutual coupling in the context of massive MIMO.
Relationship of Increased Fowl Cholera Outbreaks in Turkeys with High Environmental Temperatures

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

The relationship of an increase in fowl cholera outbreaks in turkeys with an increase in environmental temperatures during June, July, August, and September between 1959 and 1992 was analyzed. High environmental temperatures were found to be influential in the development of fowl cholera in turkeys. When the average monthly maximum environmental temperatures for 5 mo of July and 7 mo of August during the 13 yr between 1967 and 1979 were above 30.5 C, there was a significantly (P < 0.05) higher number of fowl cholera outbreaks in turkeys for each month than during the same months when the average maximum temperatures were below 30.5 C. To test the hypothesis that an increase in fowl cholera outbreaks was preceded by an increase in temperature, the pre- and postoutbreak temperatures for 46 selected outbreak clusters occurring between 1959 and 1992 were averaged. Both the average maximum and minimum temperatures for the latter 9 days of the preoutbreak period were highly significantly (P < 0.001) higher than those of the average cluster outbreak day and the following four postoutbreak days. Also, for the nine individual days of the latter pre-outbreak period, the daily average maximum temperature was significantly (P < 0.05) higher for 3 days and partially significantly (P < 0.10) higher for 3 days than that of the average cluster outbreak day, and the daily average minimum temperature was significantly (P < 0.05) higher for 2 days and partially significantly (P < 0.10) higher for 1 day than that for the average cluster outbreak day.
Origin of extended main-sequence turn-off in open cluster NGC 2355

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

ABSTRACT The presence of extended Main-Sequence Turn-Off (eMSTO) in the open clusters has been attributed to various factors, such as spread in rotation rates, binary stars, and dust-like extinction from stellar excretion discs. We present a comprehensive analysis of the eMSTO in the open cluster NGC 2355. Using spectra from the Gaia–European Southern Observatory (ESO) archives, we find that the stars in the red part of the eMSTO have a higher mean v sin i value of 135.3 $\pm$ 4.6 km s$^{-1}$ compared to the stars in the blue part that have an average v sin i equal to 81.3 $\pm$ 5.6 km s$^{-1}$. This suggests that the eMSTO in NGC 2355 is possibly caused by the spread in rotation rates of stars. We do not find any substantial evidence of the dust-like extinction from the eMSTO stars using ultraviolet data from the Swift survey. The estimated synchronization time for low-mass ratio close binaries in the blue part of the eMSTO suggests that they would be mostly slow-rotating if present. However, the stars in the blue part of the eMSTO are preferentially located in the outer region of the cluster indicating that they may lack low-mass ratio close binaries. The spread in rotation rates of eMSTO stars in NGC 2355 is most likely caused by the star-disc interaction mechanism. The stars in the lower main sequence beyond the eMSTO region of NGC 2355 are slow rotating (mean v sin i = 26.5 $\pm$ 1.3 km s$^{-1}$) possibly due to the magnetic braking of their rotations.
Observation of Robust Zero Energy Extended States

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Topological edge states arise at the interface of two topologically-distinct structures and have two distinct features: they are localized and robust against symmetry protecting disorder. On the other hand, conventional transport in one dimension is associated with extended states, which typically do not have topological robustness. In this paper, using lossy coupled resonators in one dimension, we demonstrate both theoretically and experimentally the existence of robust states residing in the bulk. We show that they are unusually robust against disorders in coupling between adjacent sites and losses. Our work paves the way to a new form of robust transport that is not limited to boundary phenomena and can be accessed more easily from far field.
Amelioration of Systemic Amyloidosis by Blocking IL-17A and Not by IL-17F, and Arteriosclerosis by Blocking Both IL-17A and IL-17F in an Inflammatory Skin Mouse Model

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

There are comorbidities and complications in atopic dermatitis and psoriasis that often occur after the appearance of skin inflammation. Statistically, data show that patients with psoriasis and atopic dermatitis have a shorter life expectancy than patients without psoriatic dermatitis, due to the occurrence of arteriosclerosis, myocardial infarction, and cerebral infarction. Many types of skin inflammation are treated with various antibody preparations, and marked improvement in patients’ quality of life can be achieved. The next theme is to understand the pathogenesis of arteriosclerosis, myocardial infarction, stroke, and other complications associated with dermatitis and to find treatments and drugs to reduce their occurrence. The skin, a crucial immune organ, generates large amounts of inflammatory cytokines in response to various stimuli, leading to systemic inflammation and potential damage to internal organs. The link between inflammatory skin conditions like psoriasis and atopic dermatitis with serious health complications such as vascular disorders and systemic amyloidosis has been increasingly recognized. In psoriasis, biological treatments targeting Interleukin (IL)-17A, a key cytokine, have shown promise in reducing cardiovascular risks. Recent developments include treatments that target both IL-17A and IL-17F in the psoriasis field, though each cytokine’s impact on internal organ damage is still under debate. Among visceral complications secondary to dermatitis, systemic amyloidosis and atherosclerosis have been reported to be controlled by suppressing IL-17 in the early stages of dermatitis. Still, it remains unclear whether suppressing IL-17 prevents organ damage in the late stages of persistent severe dermatitis. A study using a long-lasting dermatitis mouse model that overexpressed human caspase-1 in keratinocytes (Kcasp1Tg) investigated the effects of deleting IL-17A and IL-17F on visceral complications. Cross-mating Kcasp1Tg with IL-17A-, IL-17F-, and IL-17AF-deficient mice assessed the skin and visceral organs histologically, and RT-PCR analysis of aortic sclerosis markers was performed. Despite less improvement in dermatitis, deletion of IL-17A in Kcasp1Tg mice showed promising results in reducing multiple organ amyloidosis. On the other hand, the effect was observed in both IL-17A and IL-17F deleted mice for aortic sclerosis. The inhibition of IL-17A and IL-17F was suggested to reduce the risk of developing comorbidities in internal organs. IL-17A and IL-17F were found to act similarly or produce very different results, depending on the organ.
[The incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis in an urban area].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The incidence and prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis has declined steadily in Japan, but the trends differ greatly by area according to epidemiological status. We studied the incidence and trends of pulmonary tuberculosis in an urban area (population approx. 150,000) during the period of 1979-1988. The area studied is a part of a large commercial city, characterized as having the most prevalent rate of tuberculosis area in that city. Of 1245 newly registered cases, 80% were over 40 years of age. While the incidence rate decreased to 57% in the last 10 years in this area, compared to 69% decrease for all of Japan, it was still considerably higher than the national average. Especially in the 20-59 age group it continued to be 2 times higher than that of the whole of Japan. Moreover, the positive rate of tubercle bacilli at the time of registration had increased remarkably from 27% in 1979 to 62% in 1988. These results suggest the tuberculosis continues to be a significant problem in this urban area, although the steady decline in the incidence of tuberculosis had led to a lack of awareness of this disease.
Nutritional status of children under the age of 5 years in northern Gazankulu. A cross-sectional assessment.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

A cross-sectional study of the nutritional status of 658 children under 5 years of age was carried out in one district in Gazankulu. Of these children, 29,8% were below the 3rd percentile of weight for age of the 1976 National Center for Health Statistics standards; in the 1 - 2-year age group this figure was 38,2%. A small group, 1,8%, weighed less than 60% of expected weight for age. The presence of a clinic in a village seems to have no influence on the percentage of underweight children.
<title>Technical design and first clinical application of the generic HIPIN HIS/RIS-PACS interface</title>

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

HIS/RIS-PACS interfaces are inevitably very complex due to the large differences between HIS/ifiS and PACS. Furthermore, because of the high degree of mutual variation among HIS/illS systems and among PACS systems, the interface must be different for each combination of HIS/ifiS with PACS. To solve this problem, a generic HIS/RIS-PACS interface has been designed and realized within the scope of the EurIPACS/HIPIN topic. The internal architecture of the HIPIN interface has been designed into a common part, which schedules and processes the messages, and specific adapters for each of the connected systems, which match the communication profile and the message syntax of the system to which it belongs. The applicability of this HIPIN interface both in technical and in clinical aspect is being demonstrated by testing and by using the HIPIN interface at two hospitals, namely the Free University Hospital in Brussels and the Philipps University Hospital in Marburg.
Studies on the Applications of China-PakistanResourcessat-1 to the Desertification Monitor for Jinta Oasis

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The development and application of remote sensing technique have been provided as a advanced investigating and monitoring tool for land desertification monitor and eco-environment construction, and have been playing a important role in west development and Eco-environment construction. The paper analysed the Landsat-5 TM image (1987,from USA) and Resourcesat-1 CCD image (2000), and compared them. The results revealed the Dynamic developing trend of Jinta oasis desert, and confirmed the achievement of ecological forestry construction in Jinta oasis. It indicated that Resourcessat-1 can be successfully applied to the desertification monitor and ecological forestry construction of western china.
Quantitative Assessment of Femoral Head Perfusion Following Arthroscopic Femoral Osteochondroplasty

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Disruption of the arterial supply to the femoral head, and subsequent development of femoral head osteonecrosis, is of serious concern with intracapsular hip procedures. However, the effect of arthroscopic femoral osteochondroplasty on femoral head perfusion is unknown. We aimed to quantify the effects of both standard and posterosuperior extension of arthroscopic femoral osteochondroplasty on femoral head vascularity. We hypothesized that extension of the superior resection zone posteriorly would negatively affect femoral head perfusion. Methods: In 12 cadaveric pelvic specimens, we cannulated the medial femoral circumflex artery (MFCA). One hip per pelvis was randomly selected to be in 1 of 2 experimental groups based on the superior extent of the osteochondroplasty: standard resection (resection anterior to the 12 o’clock [0° of 360°] position) or extended resection (resection extended posterior to the 12 o’clock position). Computed tomography (CT) scans were obtained prior to and following arthroscopic resection to delineate the resection margins. Gadolinium enhancement on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was quantified in the femoral head by volumetric analysis using custom software. A polyurethane compound was injected and gross dissection of the vasculature was performed. Results: Extension of the osteochondroplasty posteriorly (the extended-resection group), to a mean of 41.3° (range, 34° to 47°) posterior to the 12 o’clock position, decreased femoral head perfusion by a mean of 28% (range, 18% to 38%). The standard-resection group demonstrated a mean decrease in femoral head perfusion of 7% (range, 4% to 11%). Correlation analysis demonstrated a significant negative correlation (correlation coefficient, −0.877; p < 0.001; R 2 = 0.747). For every 1° that the superior resection margin extended posteriorly, a corresponding 0.88% decrease in femoral head perfusion was found. Conclusions: Femoral head perfusion is almost fully maintained with arthroscopic osteochondroplasty when the superior resection margin is anterior to the 12 o’clock position. Perfusion is also well maintained if the superior resection margin is extended no more than 10° posterior to 12 o’clock. Further posterior extension correlated with greater decreases in femoral head perfusion. Clinical Relevance: Our study provides previously unreported quantitative MRI data on femoral head perfusion following arthroscopic femoral osteochondroplasty for the treatment of cam-type femoroacetabular impingement.
Analytic Approximate Solutions of Mixed Convection about an Inclined Flat Plate Embedded in a Porous Medium Filled with Nanofluids

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This work is focused on the study of the mixed convection heat transfer over an inclined flat plate in a porous medium saturated with nanofluids. The governed partial differential equations are transformed into ordinary differential equations, which are obtained by similarity solution. A Padé technique is introduced and combined with differential transform method (DTM) with the aim of extending the convergence area of the series solutions. Comparisons are made between the results of the proposed method and the numerical method (fourth-order Rung–Kutta), as well as available results from the literature in solving this problem, and excellent agreement has been observed. The effects of the pertinent parameters, namely wall suction/injection parameter, mixed convection parameter, prescribed constant, nanoparticles volume fraction factor, and different nanoparticles, on the temperature distribution along with local Nusselt number are presented graphically and the physical aspects of the problem are highlighted and discussed.
Detrimental effects of cigarette smoking on lower extremity wound healing.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The authors review the detrimental effects of cigarette smoke and its constituents to normal physiology. Nicotine and carbon monoxide, principle components of cigarette smoke appear to exert an influence on wound repair by inhibiting epithelization, damaging blood cellular components, and creating a cellular hypoxia. Recommendations for perioperative cessation of smoking by the patient are made.