jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Implanted Nanosensors in Marine Organisms for Physiological Biologging: Design, Feasibility, and Species Variability

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In recent decades, biologists have sought to tag animals with various sensors to study aspects of their behavior otherwise inaccessible from controlled laboratory experiments. Despite this, chemical information, both environmental and physiological, remains challenging to collect despite its tremendous potential to elucidate a wide range of animal behaviors. In this work, we explore the design, feasibility, and data collection constraints of implantable, near-infrared fluorescent nanosensors based on DNA-wrapped single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNT) embedded within a biocompatible poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) hydrogel. These sensors are enabled by Corona Phase Molecular Recognition (CoPhMoRe) to provide selective chemical detection for marine organism biologging. Riboflavin, a key nutrient in oxidative phosphorylation, is utilized as a model analyte in in vitro and ex vivo tissue measurements. Nine species of bony fish, sharks, eels, and turtles were utilized on site at Oceanogràfic in Valencia, Spain to investigate sensor design parameters, including implantation depth, sensor imaging and detection limits, fluence, and stability, as well as acute and long-term biocompatibility. Hydrogels were implanted subcutaneously and imaged using a customized, field-portable Raspberry Pi camera system. Hydrogels could be detected up to depths of 7 mm in the skin and muscle tissue of deceased teleost fish ( Sparus aurata and Stenotomus chrysops) and a deceased catshark ( Galeus melastomus). The effects of tissue heterogeneity on hydrogel delivery and fluorescence visibility were explored, with darker tissues masking hydrogel fluorescence. Hydrogels were implanted into a living eastern river cooter ( Pseudemys concinna), a European eel ( Anguilla anguilla), and a second species of catshark ( Scyliorhinus stellaris). The animals displayed no observable changes in movement and feeding patterns. Imaging by high-resolution ultrasound indicated no changes in tissue structure in the eel and catshark. In the turtle, some tissue reaction was detected upon dissection and histopathology. Analysis of movement patterns in sarasa comet goldfish ( Carassius auratus) indicated that the hydrogel implants did not affect swimming patterns. Taken together, these results indicate that this implantable form factor is a promising technique for biologging using aquatic vertebrates with further development. Future work will tune the sensor detection range to the physiological range of riboflavin, develop strategies to normalize sensor signal to account for the optical heterogeneity of animal tissues, and design a flexible, wearable device incorporating optoelectronic components that will enable sensor measurements in moving animals. This work advances the application of nanosensors to organisms beyond the commonly used rodent and zebrafish models and is an important step toward the physiological biologging of aquatic organisms.
IMPACT OF EXPORT DIVERSIFICATION ON THE ECONOMIC GROWTH IN MALAYSIA

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This study aims to analyse the impact of export diversification on the economic growth in Malaysia in both the short and long run. Computed data of degree of specialisation and diversification (DSD) in Malaysia from 1987 to 2017 were utilised. Furthermore, this study takes into consideration other determinants such as foreign direct investment and human capital to examine their impacts on the economic growth in Malaysia. The findings indicate that Malaysia is experiencing diversification in its export basket. Furthermore, all the independent variables were found to be positive and significant in relation to economic growth in the long run. However, there was no short-run relationship found throughout the studies amongst the dependent and independent variables. The research findings suggested that Malaysia should diversify further in terms of export commodities and cultivate a larger partnership socially and economically with the rest of the world.
Community English School

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This document summarizes the systematization of the socio-educational experience of the Puerta de Luz Foundation, based on the dialogical meeting, the theoretical reflection and the experience of the Practice of Social Responsibility. The analysis is supported by the thinkers' interpretation of pedagogy, in connection with the stories produced by social actors from the framework of the experience in social organization. The reflections raised have allowed us to recognize the importance of the actions of the Puerta de Luz Foundation in Bosa, as well as to rethink meanings and theoretical-methodological orientations on categories such as community education, community and some aspects of didactics.
Helianthus annuus L. AGG 304451 SUNF

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Plant Genetic Resource.
Taxonomy: Helianthus annuus L.
Common name(s): sunflower
Other names: RHA 362
Conserved by: Australian Grains Genebank, DEECA (AGG), Australia
Local sample unique identifier: AGG 304451 SUNF
Method of creation: Inherited
Date: 2022-01-04
Other identifiers: n/a,PI 531075, n/a,AusTRCF 304451
Historical: No
Biological status: Inbred line (parent of hybrid cultivar)
MLS status: Included
Influence of Microjet Condition on Characteristics of Supersonic Jet Noise and Flow Field

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Jet noise reduction is essential for environmentally-friendly civil transport. Since jet noise becomes very intense in the case of supersonic aircraft, noise reduction is crucial topic for the realization of next-generation supersonic transport. In the present study, experimental investigations were performed to clarify the effect of microjet injection on supersonic jet noise and flow field. The experiments were focused on supersonic jet with Mach number up to 1.47, which was generated from a rectangular nozzle with high aspect ratio. Far-field acoustic measurements were conducted for widely ranged microjet conditions to understand the influence of the condition on characteristics of supersonic jet noise and flow field. For understanding the unsteady behavior of the flow field and the relation with noise reduction, flow field visualization was performed with schlieren technique using a high-speed camera.
Faster clearance of mirodenafil in rats with acute renal failure induced by uranyl nitrate: contribution of increased protein expression of hepatic CYP3A1 and intestinal CYP1A1 and 3A1/2

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Objectives It has been reported that mirodenafil is primarily metabolized via hepatic cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A1/2, 2B1/2, 2D1 and 3A1/2 in rats. It has also been reported that the protein expression of hepatic CYP3A1 and intestinal CYP1A1 and 3A1/2 increases and that of hepatic CYP2D1 decreases in rats with acute renal failure induced by uranyl nitrate (U-ARF rats). Thus, the pharmacokinetics of mirodenafil were studied in control and U-ARF rats. Methods The pharmacokinetic parameters of mirodenafil and SK3541 (a metabolite of mirodenafil) were compared after the intravenous and oral administration of mirodenafil at a dose of 20 mg/kg to U-ARF and control rats. Key findings After interavenous administration of mirodenafil to U-ARF rats, the total area under the concentration–time curve (AUC) of mirodenafil was significantly smaller (36.5% decrease) than controls, possibly due to the significantly faster non-renal clearance (66.1% increase; because of increase in the protein expression of hepatic CYP3A1) than controls. After the oral administration of mirodenafil to U-ARF rats, the AUC of mirodenafil was also significantly smaller (47.8% decrease) due to the increase in the protein expression of hepatic CYP3A1 and intestinal CYP1A1 and 3A1/2 compared with controls. Conclusions After both intravenous and oral administration of mirodenafil to U-ARF rats, the AUCSK3541/AUCmirodenafil ratios were comparable with that in controls and this could be due to further metabolism of SK3541 in rats.
8. The future

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

From its disparate roots in diverse fields, the psychology of music has coalesced since the 1980s into a cohesive research area. Yet some of music’s most compelling mysteries remain elusive. “The future” explores how the psychology of music occupies an intriguing nexus among the arts, the humanities, and the sciences. This capacity for interplay and flexible thinking seems ever more critical to the broad challenges of the twenty-first century. Current and future areas of research include corpus studies using digital tools to identify patterns in large repertoires of music, harnessing the increasing power of neuroscience to understand the circuitry that underlies musical memory in greater detail, and more sophisticated cross-cultural approaches.
Cross-modulation by transforming growth factor beta in human tuberculosis: suppression of antigen-driven blastogenesis and interferon gamma production.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In tuberculosis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB)-stimulated T-cell responses are depressed transiently, whereas antibody levels are increased. Lymphoproliferative responses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from Pakistani tuberculosis (TB) patients to both mycobacterial and candidal antigens were suppressed by approximately 50% when compared to healthy purified protein derivative (PPD)-positive household contacts. Production of interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) in response to PPD also was depressed by 78%. Stimulation with PPD and the 30-kDa alpha antigen of MTB (30-kDa antigen) induced greater secretion of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta), but not interleukin 10 (IL-10) or tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), by PBMCs from TB patients compared to healthy contacts. The degree of suppression correlated with the duration of treatment; patients treated for <1 month had significantly lower T-cell blastogenesis and IFN-gamma production and higher levels of TGF-beta than did patients treated for >1 month. Neutralizing antibody to TGF-beta normalized lymphocyte proliferation in response to PPD, partially restored blastogenesis to candidal antigen, and significantly increased PPD-stimulated production of IFN-gamma in TB patients but not in contacts. Neutralizing antibody to IL-10 augmented, but did not normalize, T-cell responses to both PPD and candida in TB patients and candidal antigen in contacts. TGF-beta, produced in response to MTB antigens, therefore plays a prominent role in down-regulating potentially protective host effector mechanisms and looms as an important mediator of immunosuppression in TB.
Molecular Topology Index of a Zero Divisor Graph on a Ring of Integers Modulo Prime Power Order

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In chemistry, graph theory has been widely utilized to address molecular problems, with numerous applications in graph theory and ring theory within this field. One of these applications involves topological indices that represent chemical structures with numerical values. Various types of topological indices exist, including the Wiener index, the first Zagreb index, and the hyper-Wiener index. In the context of this research, the values of the Wiener index, the first Zagreb index, and the hyper-Wiener index for zero-divisor graphs on the ring of integers modulo a prime power order will be explored through a literature review and conjecture.
GUIDE: A randomized non-comparative phase II trial of biomarker-driven intermittent docetaxel versus standard-of-care docetaxel in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (ANZUP 1903).

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

TPS5099 Background: Docetaxel improves survival in people with metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) but is associated with toxicities which impact tolerability, particularly for patients who may be older and often with multiple co-morbidities. Biomarker-driven de-escalation of docetaxel chemotherapy may allow improved balance of cancer control and quality of life against toxicity. In patients with metastatic CRPC receiving docetaxel, a reduction to undetectable levels in circulating promoter methylated glutathione S-transferase Pi-1 ( mGSTP1) DNA after 2 cycles of chemotherapy is associated with improved overall survival 1 . This study aims to determine the efficacy and safety of intermittent docetaxel chemotherapy guided by the presence or absence of circulating mGSTP1 DNA in patients with metastatic CRPC. Methods: GUIDE (NCT04918810) is a randomized, two-arm, non-comparative phase 2 trial recruiting 120 patients at eight Australian centres. Patients with Prostate Cancer Working Group-3 defined metastatic CRPC who are commencing docetaxel 75mg/m 2 q3w will be pre-screened for detectable mGSTP1 at baseline +/- following two cycles of treatment. Those with detectable plasma mGSTP1 at baseline that becomes undetectable after two cycles of chemotherapy will be eligible for GUIDE. Prior to Cycle 4 of docetaxel, these patients are randomized 2:1 to one of two treatment arms: Arm A (cease docetaxel and reinstitute if mGSTP1 becomes detectable) or Arm B (continue docetaxel 75mg/m 2 q3w in accordance with clinician’s usual practice) (Figure 1). The primary endpoint is radiographic progression-free survival (rPFS). Secondary endpoints include time on treatment holidays, safety, patient-reported outcomes, overall survival, health resource use and cost associated with treatment. This study is powered to detect a rPFS curve with at least 50% rPFS at 12 months using a one-sided log-rank test with 2.5% alpha and 90% power. 3 of planned 120 patients have been enrolled. This novel study is the first to prospectively test the clinical utility of a circulating epigenetic biomarker ( mGSTP1) in clinical decision-making in prostate cancer, building upon existing data supporting analytical and clinical validity. We anticipate that this novel biomarker will safely guide treatment de-escalation and improve the quality of survival for a group of patients with metastatic CRPC. Clinical trial information: NCT04918810 .
Wall Shear Stress Topological Skeleton Analysis in Cardiovascular Flows: Methods and Applications

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A marked interest has recently emerged regarding the analysis of the wall shear stress (WSS) vector field topological skeleton in cardiovascular flows. Based on dynamical system theory, the WSS topological skeleton is composed of fixed points, i.e., focal points where WSS locally vanishes, and unstable/stable manifolds, consisting of contraction/expansion regions linking fixed points. Such an interest arises from its ability to reflect the presence of near-wall hemodynamic features associated with the onset and progression of vascular diseases. Over the years, Lagrangian-based and Eulerian-based post-processing techniques have been proposed aiming at identifying the topological skeleton features of the WSS. Here, the theoretical and methodological bases supporting the Lagrangian- and Eulerian-based methods currently used in the literature are reported and discussed, highlighting their application to cardiovascular flows. The final aim is to promote the use of WSS topological skeleton analysis in hemodynamic applications and to encourage its application in future mechanobiology studies in order to increase the chance of elucidating the mechanistic links between blood flow disturbances, vascular disease, and clinical observations.
Willingness to Pay for the Integrated News Platform of Korean Newspapers in the N-screen environment

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This paper investigated customers' willingness to pay (WTP) for the integrated news platform, which is a paid digital news service provided by Korean newspapers. The integrated news platform has been widely employed and regarded as an alternative to recover dramatically decreasing sales of newspapers since N-Screen era began. This study employed a conjoint analysis to examine WTP for the integrated news platform and its attributes. According to the results, WPT for the integrated news platform was estimated as 4543.6 won, which is only 30.3% of the real price. Digitalized newspaper and premium news were found to be significant attributes explaining customers' WTP. The results of this paper implies that present marketing strategies for the integrated news platform of Korean newspapers should be reconsidered and revised.
Delusional parasitosis with alcohol dependence: A case report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Delusional parasitosis is a syndrome with which most psychiatrists are familiar. However, most reports consist of case reports or small series. We present here a case report of delusional parasitosis of an extremely bizarre nature in a case of alcohol dependence that responded to pimozide, haloperidol and electroconvulsive therapy (ECT).
The long way back: Development of Central European mountain forests towards old‐growth conditions after cessation of management

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Questions Primary forests fulfil important roles in preserving biodiversity, storing carbon and increasing ecological understanding. Yet, they have become very rare in Europe. An important policy goal is thus to increase the share of naturally developing forests by creating protected areas in formerly managed forests. Here, we investigated: (a) if and how such forests return to conditions similar to old‐growth; and (b) whether recently observed stand‐replacing natural disturbances in combination with climate change set them onto an alternative developmental pathway. Location Dürrenstein Wilderness Area (IUCN Cat. Ib) in the Austrian Alps, containing the Rothwald, one of the last primary forest remnants of Central Europe. Methods We built a chronosequence of 87 plots, spanning 220 years of forest development after the cessation of management, and compared them to old‐growth forests. We analysed the recovery of nine attributes of forest composition, structure and functioning. To evaluate stand‐level development of these attributes after recent natural disturbance and climate change, we additionally used a process‐based simulation model. Results Old‐growth forests showed a wide range of variability across investigated attributes. Forests converged to old‐growth conditions after management ceased, with seven out of the nine attributes falling within the range of old‐growth at the end of our chronosequence. The variation in tree diameters and the downed amount of deadwood were, however, still significantly lower than in old‐growth forests after 220 years of unmanaged stand development. Simulations did not indicate an alternative developmental pathway of recently disturbed stands. Conclusions While a full return to old‐growth conditions can take centuries, a number of important forest attributes recover quickly, indicating that protecting formerly managed forests is a valuable strategy to enrich forest landscapes. Our results indicate that the mountain forests of Central Europe have high ecological resilience, developing towards old‐growth conditions after both past management and current natural disturbance.
Supplemental Figure 2-3 from Novel Actions of Next-Generation Taxanes Benefit Advanced Stages of Prostate Cancer

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

<p>Dose response curves of CBTX and DCTX in LAPC4, VCaP and LNCaP-abl cells. C4-2 xenograft tumor growth response to CBTX in mice. Cleaved PARP western blot analysis of LNCaP and C4-2 cells treated with 1nM CBTX or DCTX.</p>
Long-Latency "Subthreshold" Collicular Responses to the Constant-Frequency Components Emitted by a Bat

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

A previously undescribed response pattern has been observed in certain single units in the posterior colliculus of Pteronotus suapurensis . These units, constituting about one-third of those tuned to the region of the dominant constant-frequency (CF) components of the orientation sounds, respond to a tone pip with a burst of spikes at a latency of 3 to 6 milliseconds, within the frequency-intensity domain of a normal V-shaped response area. In these units, however, as intensity is dropped below threshold for this response, a response of 5- to 10-milliseconds longer latency appears and persists throughout another 10 to 30 decibels of attenuation. These late responses can be very vigorous, are sharply tuned to frequencies at or just above the CF components of the signal, and are often strongest and of lowest threshold at stimulus durations of 1.5 to 3 milliseconds—approximately the duration of the CF component. These properties imply that the late responses are concerned with analysis of the CF components of echoes, apparently in ways not as prominent in other bats.
The rhodium‐catalyzed deuteration of unsaturated triglycerides

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Tripalmitolein, triolein, trilinolein and trilinolenin were deuterated with deuterium gas and Wilkinson’s catalyst [(Ph 3 P) 3 RhCl(I)]. Recrystallization of the products from acetone yielded highly pure deuterium‐labelled triglycerides (TG). The deuterated TG were converted to methyl esters and analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy to determine the deuterium distribution. Methyl palmitate‐9,10‐d 2 (from tripalmitolein) and methyl stearate‐9,10‐d 2 (from triolein) yielded isotopic distributions of 93–97% d 2 , methyl stearate‐9,10,12,13‐d 4 (from trilinolein) of 74% d 4 and methyl stearate‐9,10,12,13,15,16‐d 6 (from trilinolenin) of only 58% d 6 . Because the deuterium‐labelled TG were to be used in human metabolism studies, atomic absorption spectroscopy was used to determine if any residual rhodium was present. No rhodium was detected at 70 ppb (the minimum detection limit).
Postoperative Discomfort of Children Following Dental Treatment under General Anaesthesia

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Postoperative Discomfort of Children Following Dental Treatment under General Anaesthesia
Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate the post-operative discomfort in children undergoing dental treatment under General anaesthesia. Background: Post-operative discomfort in children is an undesirable outcome of paediatric anaesthesia. The purpose of this study to investigate post-operative discomfort associated with dental care under General anaesthesia. Materials and Methods: This study involves healthy patients who were scheduled for General anaesthesia who required extensive dental treatment due severe caries and behavioural management problems .The study is involves a questionnaire which consist of questions related to postoperative problems experienced by the patients. Complications were assessed through telephone calls to the patient’s mother /guardian, which was made on the same day.Results: The incidence of postoperative problems was found in 45 out of 50 children. Some of the patients have more than one reported problem. The most common experienced postoperative symptom after Dental Rehabilitation under administration of general anaesthesia was changes in face (60%) and (48% ) had fever, mouth discomfort (40%) ,problems while eating (34%)and throat discomfort (14%).The least common discomfort was diarrhoea (8%) and constipation (2%). Conclusion: Changes in the face such as swelling was the most common observation seen in children treated under general Anaesthesia.
THE EFFECT OF GONADOTROPHINS AND OESTROGEN ON OVARIAN ATRESIA IN THE IMMATURE RAT

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

SUMMARY Immature female rats were treated with either gonadotrophin or oestrogen and an estimate was made of the number of medium-sized follicles in which the oocyte had begun its first maturation division. It was found that fewer follicles had become atretic after division of the oocyte in the experimental animals than in the controls.