jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Introduction: The Interplay of Embodiment, Enaction, and Culture

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

While traditional theories of cognition tend to conceive of mental capacities as disembodied or merely supervenient on brain states, in recent decades the insight has spread that mental processes cannot be confined to activities inside the skull alone. The paradigm of enactive embodiment endeavors to overcome the limitations of traditional cognitive science by reconceiving the cognizer as an embodied being and cognition as enactive. According to a well-known early definition, cognition depends on “the kinds of experience that come from having a body with various sensorimotor capacities” (...
The ectoenzyme gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase regulates antiproliferative effects of S-nitrosoglutathione on human T and B lymphocytes.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Expression of the ectoenzyme gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) is regulated on T lymphocytes. It is present at a low level on naive T cells, at a high level on activated T cells, and at an intermediate level on resting memory T cells. GGT cleaves the glutamyl group from glutathione, which is the first step in the uptake of extracellular glutathione. In vitro, purified GGT also metabolizes the naturally occurring nitrosothiol, S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO). Because of this relationship, the effects of cellular GGT on the metabolism of and cellular response to GSNO were tested. The GGT-negative lymphoblasts Ramos and SupT1 were transfected with cDNA for human GGT. In the presence of cells lacking GGT, GSNO is extremely stable. In contrast, GGT-expressing cells rapidly metabolize GSNO leading to nitric oxide release. The nitric oxide causes a rapid (<2-h) inhibition of DNA synthesis. There is a concomitant decrease in the concentration of intracellular deoxyribonucleotides, suggesting that one effect of the nitric oxide generated from GSNO is the previously described inactivation of the enzyme ribonucleotide reductase. GSNO also caused a rapid, GGT-dependent cytostatic effect in Hut-78, a human T cell lymphoma, as well as in activated peripheral blood T cells. Although DNA synthesis was decreased to 16% of control values in anti-CD3-stimulated Hut-78, the production of IL-2 was unchanged by GSNO. These data show that GGT, a regulated ectoenzyme on T cells, controls the rate of nitric oxide production from GSNO and thus markedly affects the physiological response to this biologically active nitrosothiol.
A VERTEX PROPERTY OF REAL FUNCTION ALGEBRAS

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We investigate a chain of properties of real function algebras along the analogous proofs of the complex cases such as the fact that any real function algebra which is both maximal and essential is pervasive. And some properties of real function algebras with a vertex property will be discussed. Comparing with complex Banach algebras, the study of real Banach algebras started quite late and not many researches have been done because the structure of real algebras is much more complicated to handle with than that of complex algebras. The rst mathematician who studied real Banach algebras systematically is known to be L. Ingelstam (I2) in the early 1960's. A typical example of complex (real, respectively) Banach algebras is C(X)(CR(X); respectively), the algebra of complex-valued (real-valued, respectively) continuous functions on a compact Haus- dor space X. Usually, a real function algebra can be understood as a real subalgebra ofCR(X). In this note we will consider a function algebra which lies in the complex algebra C(X) but has a real linear space structure under certain restriction. More pre- cisely, by a complex function algebra B on X we mean a uniformly closed complex subalgebra of C(X) which separates the points of X and contains the constant functions. Here point separation means that if x1 and x2 are distinct points of X then f(x1) 6 f(x2) for some function f in B. On the other hand, by a real function algebra A on (X; ) we mean a uniformly closed real subalgebra of the real
Pairwise-Label-Based Deep Incremental Hashing with Simultaneous Code Expansion

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Deep incremental hashing has become a subject of considerable interest due to its capability to learn hash codes in an incremental manner, eliminating the need to generate codes for classes that have already been learned. However, accommodating more classes requires longer hash codes, and regenerating database codes becomes inevitable when code expansion is required. In this paper, we present a unified deep hash framework that can simultaneously learn new classes and increase hash code capacity. Specifically, we design a triple-channel asymmetric framework to optimize a new CNN model with a target code length and a code projection matrix. This enables us to directly generate hash codes for new images, and efficiently generate expanded hash codes for original database images from the old ones with the learned projection matrix. Meanwhile, we propose a pairwise-label-based incremental similarity-preserving loss to optimize the new CNN model, which can incrementally preserve new similarities while maintaining the old ones. Additionally, we design a double-end quantization loss to reduce the quantization error from new and original query images. As a result, our method efficiently embeds both new and original similarities into the expanded hash codes, while keeping the original database codes unchanged. We conduct extensive experiments on three widely-used image retrieval benchmarks, demonstrating that our method can significantly reduce the time required to expand existing database codes, while maintaining state-of-the-art retrieval performance.
Optimization of Ferulic Acid Production From Oil Palm Frond Waste Via Enzymatic Hydrolysis Using Soil Culture

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

An enzymatic hydrolysis of fibre-pressed oil palm frond (FPOPF) was carried out using soil culture for ferulic \nacid production. The soil obtained from palm oil plantation was acclimatized with FPOPF substrate for 30 days \nbefore being used as soil culture. FPOPF substrate was prepared with a 1:10 ratio of FPOPF to water. By using \nDesign Expert 7, a central composite design with two factors was selected as the experimental design resulting a \ntotal of 13 runs. Two factors studied were temperature (24°C to 28°C) with 26°C as centre point, and agitation \nrate (130 rpm to 170 rpm) with centre points at 150 rpm. The ANOVA showed that the experimental design model \nwas significant. The coefficient of determination value was 0.8873, indicating that the probability this model was \nobtained through noise was 11.27%. The optimum condition obtained was temperature at 26°C and agitation rate \nat 150 rpm with a response of 205.724 mg FA/kg OPF. The optimization was repeatable with a small error of \n8.41% from validation test.
031 Characterization of objective feet and leg joint measurements between selection and second gestation and between separate gestation ages in swine

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The objective of this study was to evaluate feet and leg joint angle measurements between time of selection and after first parity. A secondary objective was to evaluate feet and leg joint angle measurements across gestation days. Gilts were selected from a single gilt population and then moved to 3 different farms. Digital images of profile and rear stance were obtained from maternal gilts at selection (n = 319 gilts; average age 21.6 ± 1.8 wk, range 19 to 25) and during second gestation (n = 277; average gestation 26.7 ± 17.2 d, range 0 to 87). Joint angles for knee, front and rear pastern, hock, and rear stance were measured using the angle feature in image analysis software. To evaluate symmetry and joint angle differences due to age, only females with repeated measures at selection and 0 to 21 d of second gestation (126 females) were used. Mixed model equations were used including parity (0 or 1) and side where images were taken (left or right) as fixed effects. Parity was included as repeated variable. Knee and rear pastern angles decreased (weakened) and hock angles increased (straightened) as age progressed (P < 0.05). All joint measurements were symmetric between left and right legs (P > 0.05) except for the hock, where a difference (P < 0.05) was observed. To evaluate gestation age effects on joint angles, only the measurements taken during the second gestation were used. Data was analyzed using mixed model equations including farm and side as fixed effects and gestation age as a continuous covariate. Animal was included as a random variable. Farm was a significant source of variation for knee, front and rear pasterns, and rear stance angle measurements (P < 0.05). Additionally, asymmetry was detected in knee and front and rear pasterns (P < 0.05). Front pastern and hock angles increased (straightened) as gestation age increased, whereas knee angle decreased (weakened; P < 0.05). Results suggest that as age increases, leg structure changes, with rear leg joints showing greater variation from selection to first parity than front leg joints. Front leg differences may be significantly different across ages; however, angle differences are small. Results suggest environmental factors such as farm where animals are housed contribute to angle differences. Small angle changes in front leg could indicate structure that carries over the life of the animal; however, rear leg structure still requires further investigation for longevity implications.
Boundary Spanning - How to Walk the Talk with a Foreign Accent?

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Global virtual teams (GVTs) – characterized by globally dispersed team members – are increasingly being employed to conduct projects in MNCs. Given the multilingual and multicultural nature of such teams, and the lack of physical interaction, language and communication play an important role in the smooth functioning of these teams. Previous research has highlighted the formation of subgroups and faultlines in multilingual teams. In our qualitative research, we study the understudied context of Latin America, specifically Mexico and find that similar faultlines exist in GVTs as well. In this study, we find that while multilingual managers who are proficient in the corporate language as well as the dominant language of the specific within-team linguistic subgroups could act as boundary spanners, the effectiveness of such role might be influenced by other factors, such as accent and the socio-economic status of their country of origin. Furthermore, linking our findings to previous studies we identify three different characteristics of multilingual boundary spanners and discuss the role of accents for each of them.
Monoolein Cubic Phase Containing Stevioside and its pH-dependent Release Property

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Introduction: The monoolein (MO)-based cubic phase, composed of lipid bilayers and water channels, can encapsulate both hydrophilic and hydrophobic active ingredients. Its responsiveness to external stimuli can be modulated by incorporating polymers and functional materials into the water channels. In this study, a pH-responsive MO cubic phase was developed by incorporating hydrophobically modified gelatin (HmGel) and pectin (HmPec), enabling the controlled release of steviol glycoside (SG). Methods: SG was loaded into the MO cubic phase containing HmGel and HmPec. The physicochemical properties of the cubic phase were characterized using polarized optical microscopy (POM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Structural and chemical stability was evaluated over 12 weeks at 27°C and 37°C, and SG release behavior was assessed under various pH conditions. Results: The maximum SG loading capacity was approximately 1.98%. As the SG content increased, the phase transition temperature of the cubic phase rose from 62.2°C to 84.2°C, as confirmed by POM and DSC. TEM images showed no significant structural disruption. The cubic phase retained chemical stability against double bond oxidation during storage. Release studies revealed that stevioside (a major component of SG) was suppressed under acidic conditions (pH 3.0 and pH 4.5) but promoted at neutral to basic pH ( pH 6, 7.4, and 8). Discussion: The suppressed release at low pH was attributed to the formation of a coacervate between HmGel and HmPec, which increased the diffusion resistance within the water channels. These results suggest that the system can serve as an effective pH-responsive drug delivery vehicle. However, further investigations, including in vivo studies, may be necessary to validate its practical applicability. Conclusion: The developed pH-responsive MO cubic phase can act as an enteric delivery system that suppresses release in the stomach and promotes release in the intestine. Moreover, it is applicable as a dermal carrier for cosmetics or topical drugs, ensuring storage stability under acidic conditions and triggering rapid release under near-neutral pH upon skin application.
Integrity of the cortico-spinal tract is associated with physical activity

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Background and purpose: Despite the primary motor efferent role of the cortico-spinal tract (CST), it is hardly understood whether the amount of physical activity is associated with the integrity of the CST.Materials and methods: We examined the association between the amount of physical activity and the integrity of the CST, using Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) data from 465 individuals. The CST was segmented by probabilistic tractography and the association of the fractional anisotropy (FA) within was tested against physical activity (PA) assessed by moderate-intensity physical activity of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire.Results: The FA and PA showed a positive association. Post-hoc analyses showed that the radial diffusivity (RD) of the CST was negatively associated with PA, suggesting a potential association with preserved myelination with PA.Conclusion: This study shows that the integrity of the CST is associated with its traffic in the general population.
Design of Prediction System for Aircraft's Position Based on Inverse Control Technique Using Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Interference System (ANFIS)

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper proposes the Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Interference System (ANFIS) method to realize the track correlation of Radar. ANFIS is used for the first time in inverse model in addition to model of aircraft position radar from the recorded data. The simulation results show that the proposed ANFIS controller has been successfully implemented. Root mean square error is applied to measure the performance of ANFIS that revealed the optimal setting needed for better estimation of the aircraft position. Results with RMSE less than 10-4 also show that the controller with ANFIS yields good tracking performance, valuable and easy to implement.
A novel multiscale integration approach for vessel enhancement

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

A novel multiscale integration method to be used for vessel enhancement, called Weighted Additive Response, is presented. It overcomes limitations of the widely used maximum response approach in terms of separation of nearby vessels and robustness to noise. Furthermore, its usefulness as a preprocessing step for a subsequent segmentation is shown. The practicability of the proposed method is quantitatively and qualitatively evaluated with public available artificial and clinical datasets.
Structural analyses of NEAT1 lncRNAs suggest long-range RNA interactions that may contribute to paraspeckle architecture

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Paraspeckles are nuclear bodies that regulate multiple aspects of gene expression. The long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) NEAT1 is essential for paraspeckle formation. NEAT1 has a highly ordered spatial organization within the paraspeckle, such that its 5' and 3' ends localize on the periphery of paraspeckle, while central sequences of NEAT1 are found within the paraspeckle core. As such, the structure of NEAT1 RNA may be important as a scaffold for the paraspeckle. In this study, we used SHAPE probing and computational analyses to investigate the secondary structure of human and mouse NEAT1. We propose a secondary structural model of the shorter (3,735 nt) isoform hNEAT1_S, in which the RNA folds into four separate domains. The secondary structures of mouse and human NEAT1 are largely different, with the exception of several short regions that have high structural similarity. Long-range base-pairing interactions between the 5' and 3' ends of the long isoform NEAT1 (NEAT1_L) were predicted computationally and verified using an in vitro RNA-RNA interaction assay. These results suggest that the conserved role of NEAT1 as a paraspeckle scaffold does not require extensively conserved RNA secondary structure and that long-range interactions among NEAT1 transcripts may have an important architectural function in paraspeckle formation.
Attitudes and Behaviors of Physical Activity in Children with Cerebral Palsy: Findings from PLAY Questionnaire

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

To investigate the domains of physical activity in children with cerebral palsy (CP) and to compare these findings to typically developed (TD) children. Methods: A cross-sectional study design. Responses of the four domains in Play Lifestyle and Activity in Youth (PLAY) questionnaire were descriptively analyzed and compared between children with CP (GMFCS I-II) and TD children. Results: Fifty-three children with CP (N = 53, 36 males and 17 females, age of 8.4 ± 1.7 years) and 58 TD children (N = 58, 34 males and 24 females, age of 7.6 ± 1.4 years) participated in this study. In analyses of daily behavior, reported participation in weekly (adaptive) physical education (PE) and sports were more frequent in children with CP (0.6 ± 0.5 days per week) compared to TD children (0.4 ± 0.6 days per week, p = 0.040). Outside play time including free play, organized (adaptive) sports and recess were higher in children with CP (2.7 ± 0.8 days per week) than TD children (2.4 ± 0.7 days per week, p = 0.022). About motivation/attitudes, a higher proportion of TD children feel sad if they are not able to play sports during the day (74.1%) compared to children with CP (48.7%, p < 0.001). Conclusion: Physical activity level was comparable between children with CP and age-matched TD children, while TD children showed higher scores in knowledge and understanding, motivation/attitudes, and physical competence.
A 3D-printed sound-absorbing material based on multiple resonator-like unit cells for low and middle frequencies

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Inorganic fiber-based porous materials, such as glass and rock wool, are cost-effective, light weight, and currently make up the most commonly used sound-absorbing materials. However, the performance of these materials degrades owing to moisture, weather, and gravity. Porous materials have difficulty absorbing low-frequency sounds. In these cases, resonator-type sound-absorbers are used, but the target frequency is narrow. Thus, a novel sound-absorbing material that solves these issues is desired. Recently, the advancement of additive manufacturing enabled the realization of complex structures, and artificial acoustic materials have attracted significant attention. This study conducted numerical, theoretical, and experimental investigations to develop novel sound-absorbing materials with desired sound absorption properties based on a flexible situation. These materials also address aforementioned problems in conventional inorganic porous materials and resonators. Results suggest that the periodic structures based on resonators and their combination are good sound-absorbers for low- and middle-frequency ranges, exploiting the properties of each structure.
UNI Europa Graphical's approach to the co‐ordination of national level collective bargaining within a European context

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper outlines the purpose and the economic theory underpinning the Uni‐Europa Graphical co‐ordination of collective bargaining within a European context policy. It then analyses the development of the policy in terms of its scope, its institutions and its information networks. It discusses the statistical series and quantification problems involved in attempting to assess the extent to which the policy's guidelines are being achieved. The majority of UEG affiliates, however, are experiencing difficulties in gaining bargained wage increases at the national level equal to the sum of inflation increases plus average national productivity increases. Finally, it assesses the future prospects for the policy.
PROBLEMS OF RECONSTRUCTION AND TECHNICAL MODERNIZATION OF HYDROTECHNICAL STRUCTURES IN SHALLOW WATER PORTS OF THE BLACK SEA

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The paper describes the principles of technical policy concerned with the actual problems of the technical operation of shallow water ports in modern conditions. Some new ideas to improve the design and construction process of ports hydrotechnical structures are presented. They are based on the principle of functional dividing of constructive elements of the structure and on the possibilities of a port achieving construction by its own forces. Development of some traditional port structures as well as some new constructions and technologies are proposed. New designs and know-how of gravity structures (massive retaining walls and their improvement), sheet piling walls and effective mixed type structures are considered. Some results of their application are investigated and an example of reconstruction of the shallow-water Ukrainian ports is given.