jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Study of high-accuracy optical model of green phosphor pumped by ultraviolet laser

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We have developed an optical model for green phosphor pumped by ultraviolet (UV) laser. The model has begun with defining an efficient mathematical model to describe the emission of UV band and green light. Next, the data of peak emission wavelength, the width of the emission band, and emission wavelength range are extracted from the measurement of the emission spectrum of green phosphor pumped by UV-laser. These parameters are put in the mathematical model to simulate the emission spectrum of green phosphor pumped by UV laser. Finally, the optical model is verified with experiment measurement. A comparison process of simulation and experiment for the emission spectrum of UV light and green light have been conducted to roughly define the value of beta which shows the high overlap level between simulation to experimental spectra for the case spectra for UV and green bands, correspondingly. Next, the obtained result is applied in the optimized process to define the optimal beta value. The similarity of simulation and experiment is quantified using a normalized cross-correlation algorithm. The optimal values for the beta of 3.5 and 3.0 for UV and green bands, respectively. The developed model is applied to study the effect of green light on the optical properties of the output spectrum wherein different green/UV light power ratios of 1.0, 1.2, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.8, and 2.0, respectively. The output luminous flux is proportional to the power ratio of green/UV.
WHEN IS CIRCULARITY IN DEFINITIONS BENIGN?

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Journal Article When is Circularity in Definitions Benign? Get access J.A. Burgess J.A. Burgess University of Wollongong Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Philosophical Quarterly, Volume 58, Issue 231, April 2008, Pages 214–233, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9213.2007.522.x Published: 20 July 2007
Automatic Facial Skin Segmentation Using Possibilistic C-Means Algorithm for Evaluation of Facial Surgeries

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Human face has a fundamental role in the appearance of individuals. So the importance of facial surgeries is undeniable. Thus, there is a need for the appropriate and accurate facial skin segmentation in order to extract different features. Since Fuzzy C-Means (FCM) clustering algorithm doesn't work appropriately for noisy images and outliers, in this paper we exploit Possibilistic C-Means (PCM) algorithm in order to segment the facial skin. For this purpose, first, we convert facial images from RGB to YCbCr color space. To evaluate performance of the proposed algorithm, the database of Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz, Iran was used. In order to have a better understanding from the proposed algorithm; FCM and Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithms are also used for facial skin segmentation. The proposed method shows better results than the other segmentation methods. Results include misclassification error (0.032) and the region's area error (0.045) for the proposed algorithm.
Testicular infiltration due to acute lymphoblastic leukemia presented as a testicular mass: a case report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia is a common pediatric neoplasia, comprising 11% of all leukemias. In Colombia, the annual incidence in adults is 1 out of 100,000 people. Testicular relapse is rare (accounting for only 0.9-8.8% of all cases) and represents a sign of recurrence which can be confused with other testicular conditions. We report the case of a 23-yearold male with testicular pain and swelling for 2 months after a trauma, and a history of acute lymphoblastic leukemia treated 4 years before. A testicular ultrasound suggested tension hydrocele. The patient was taken to surgery where a testis with neoplastic features was observed. Therefore, an orchiectomy was performed. The pathological anatomy revealed a 12-cm mass consisting of infiltration by leukemic cells, showing a positive expression for CD19, CD10, and a negative expression for TdT. The testes are considered a sanctuary site for leukemic cells. However, the formation of a mass that mimic a testicular tumor may exceptionally be observed.
The Tudor Domain Protein Spindlin1 Is Involved in Intrinsic Antiviral Defense against Incoming Hepatitis B Virus and Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Hepatitis B virus infection (HBV) is a major risk factor for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. HBV replicates from a covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) that remains as an episome within the nucleus of infected cells and serves as a template for the transcription of HBV RNAs. The regulatory protein HBx has been shown to be essential for cccDNA transcription in the context of infection. Here we identified Spindlin1, a cellular Tudor-domain protein, as an HBx interacting partner. We further demonstrated that Spindlin1 is recruited to the cccDNA and inhibits its transcription in the context of infection. Spindlin1 knockdown induced an increase in HBV transcription and in histone H4K4 trimethylation at the cccDNA, suggesting that Spindlin1 impacts on epigenetic regulation. Spindlin1-induced transcriptional inhibition was greater for the HBV virus deficient for the expression of HBx than for the HBV WT virus, suggesting that HBx counteracts Spindlin1 repression. Importantly, we showed that the repressive role of Spindlin1 is not limited to HBV transcription but also extends to other DNA virus that replicate within the nucleus such as Herpes Simplex Virus type 1 (HSV-1). Taken together our results identify Spindlin1 as a critical component of the intrinsic antiviral defense and shed new light on the function of HBx in HBV
A Molecule with Dual Functionality 4‐Aminophenylmethylphosphonic Acid: A Comparison Between Layers Formed on Indium Tin Oxide by In Situ Generation of an Aryl Diazonium Salt or by Self‐Assembly of the Phosphonic Acid

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract 4‐Aminophenylmethylphosphonic acid was grafted on ITO surfaces by 1) electrochemical reductive adsorption of the corresponding aryl diazonium salt and 2) by self‐assembly via the phosphonic acid moiety. The aryl diazonium salt derived surfaces are reasonably stable within a wide potential range from −600 mV to 600 mV compared to a very narrow stable range between −40 mV and 40 mV for the self‐assembled layers. The different surface stabilities were assessed with a view to forming ITO‐organic layer‐gold nanoparticle (AuNPs) constructs. As expected the ITO‐organic layer‐AuNPs construct formed by electrochemical adsorption (ITO‐Ph‐AuNP) was significantly more stable than the construct formed by self‐assembly of phosphonates (ITO‐PO 3 Ph‐AuNPs).
Crystal structure of (1′R,2′S,4′R,6′S)-4,6-dihydroxy-1′,8′,8′-trimethyl-3-(3-methylbutanoyl)-4′,8′,6′,1′,7,2′-hexahydro-1H-4′,6′-methanoxanthene-8-carbaldehyde, C23H30O5

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract C 23 H 30 O 5 , orthorhombic, P 2 1 2 1 2 1 (no. 19), a = 9.5489(10) Å, b = 11.1430(10) Å, c = 18.8931(10) Å, V = 2010.29(3) Å 3 , Z = 4, R gt ( F ) = 0.0293, w R ref ( F 2 ) = 0.0763, T = 100.0(2) K.
Biosynthesis of Zeaxanthin via Mevalonate in Paracoccus Species Strain PTA-3335. A Product-Based Retrobiosynthetic Study†

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Cultures of the zeaxanthin-producing bacterium Paracoccus species strain PTA-3335 (formerly Flavobacterium) were grown with supplements of (13)C-labeled glucose. Zeaxanthin was isolated and analyzed by (13)C NMR spectroscopy. The data showed that the isoprenoid precursors of zeaxanthin were biosynthesized via the mevalonate pathway. The microorganism was found to utilize glucose mainly via the Entner-Doudoroff pathway.
Does Invasive Treatment Increase the Long-term Survival of ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Patients with a History of Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Although invasive treatments such as primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) are the treatment of choice in ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients, the survival benefit of this treatment in patients with a history of coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) has yet to be fully evaluated. Methods: In this historical cohort study, 251 STEMI patients with a history of CABG between 2007 and 2017 were stratified into 3 groups of no reperfusion, thrombolytic, and PPCI based on their treatment strategy. Baseline clinical characteristics, details of the STEMI event, and the course of hospitalization were evaluated for all patients and they were followed up until May 2018 to assess all-cause mortality. Results: The mean age of the study population was 64.01±9.45 years, and 81.7% of them were male. The median follow-up time was 1304 (IQR25%-75%: 571–2269) days, the short-term (1 month) mortality rate was 5.97%, and the long-term mortality rate was 15.1%. There was no significant difference between the 3 different strategies in terms of survival. In the fully adjusted multivariate analysis, cardiopulmonary resuscitation (HR: 15.06, 95% CI: 2.25–101.14, P=0.005) was significantly associated with short-term mortality, while diabetes (HR: 5.95, 95% CI: 2.03–17.44, P=0.001), opium abuse (HR: 4.85, 95% CI: 1.45–16.23, P=0.010), and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (HR: 11.73, 95% CI: 3.44–40.28, P=0.001) were significantly associated with long-term mortality. Conclusion: Our results failed to show the superiority of invasive treatment in terms of survival. Further studies regarding the advantages and disadvantages of invasive treatment in post-CABG patients are required.
Design, Synthesis, and Biological Activities of Vibsanin B Derivatives: A New Class of HSP90 C-Terminal Inhibitors

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Previously, vibsanin B (ViB) was found to preferentially target HSP90β compared to HSP90α. In this study, multiple experiments, including pull-down assays of biotin-ViB with recombinant HSP90β-NTD, MD, CTD, and full-length HSP90β, molecular docking of ViB and its derivatives to the HSP90 CTD, and a inhibition assay of interaction of the HSP90β CTD with GST-tagged cyclophilin 40 (Cyp40) by ViB derivatives, suggest that ViB can directly bind to the HSP90 C-terminus. On the basis of the docking predictions and primary structure-activity relationships (SARs), a series of ViB analogues devised with focus on the C18 position, along with compounds derivatized at the C4, C7, and C8 positions, were designed and chemically synthesized. Compound 12f (IC50 = 1.12 μM against SK-BR-3) exhibits great potency with drug-like properties. Overall, our findings demonstrate that compounds with the vibsanin B scaffold are a new class of HSP90 C-terminal inhibitors with considerable potential as anticancer agents.
Corporate Social Responsibility Definitions and Practice in Emerging Economies

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This chapter looks at the concept of corporate social responsibility (CSR), specifically in terms of the diverse definitions and perspectives of it that currently exist within emerging economies. This is explored from its foundation and the interaction between business and society across different emerging economies. This discourse is linked to the interplay between corporate governance and corporate social responsibility across emerging economies. This is hinged on the influences of both the academia and industry, as the definitions of the former does contribute to the practical application of the concept by practitioners and vice versa. The chapter is divided into three sections, which are definitions, perspectives, and case studies, with each of these focusing on the issues as they affect the theme of the chapter.
The Use of Renewable Energy Sources in Households in Poland—Current Status and Prospects for the Development of Energy Prosumption

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

This article aimed to assess the use of renewable energy sources (RES) in households in Poland in the context of the Statistics Poland (GUS) research and our survey research. In addition, plans for using renewable energy sources and the willingness of respondents to spend money for this purpose were examined. At the beginning of this article, a theoretical approach to the household as an energy prosumer was presented, and the structure of obtaining energy from RES in Poland was shown. Then, the survey research methodology was presented, including the selection of the sample and the purpose of the survey. The next part of this article concerns the characteristics of the respondents and the buildings they inhabit, as well as statistics on RES used in the surveyed households. The research shows that 12% of the surveyed population was an energy prosumer, and 22% were interested in and planning to invest in RES. Only half of the respondents were ready to spend their money on micro-installations. The results were presented using the documentary and comparative methods. This article uses data from Statistics Poland (GUS) and our survey research conducted among 1112 representatives of households in Poland.
The Basilica of St Francis at Assisi: The frescoes by Giotto, his precursors and followers

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Commisissioned in 1228 by Pope Gregorio IX and consecrated in 1258, the Basilica of St Francis in Assisi houses a fresco cycle. Covering the entire interior of the building, these works were painted between 1250 and 1310 by Medieval and Gothic artists including Cimabue, Giotto, Simone Martini and Pietro Lorenzetti. The history of the Basilica is recounted in this book, from the commission and construction of the building and the painting of the frescoes, to its current significance as home to the grave of St Francis. Beginning with a brief biographical portrait of St Francis, to whom the Basilica is dedicated, the book then analyzes the frescoes themselves. It traces the history of the Basilica through the ages, showing how the interior has been modified since its construction, and concludinng with a look at the Basilica today.
Man of Action

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Animated. 02:25:10 VO: "This is the story of an average sort of fellow who lives in a nice average home, in a nice average town. Every night he comes home to his nice average house and in due time he goes to sleep." Cartoon of man walking down an average street 02:25:07 Cartoon of man sleeping with construction noises outside VO: "One morning...." 02:25:30 Man wakes up, looks out window and runs out of house in a panic to find that he now lives in a slum area. 02:27:44 Cartoon of slum area 02:27:49 Slum building exterior 02:28:03 More slum exteriors 02:28:29 More slum exteriors 02:31:54 More slum streets Weird tale blaming the devil for slums
Incoterms and its Application in Contract

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

International Commercial Terms (Incoterms) provides a set of rules for the interpretation of the most commonly used trade terms in international business transactions. It is also the subject of international business law. Incoterms defines the responsibilities of both the seller and buyer in regards to the international trading. Incoterms contains such widely used trade usages or international customs that are commonly applied by parties in case of contract of International sale of goods.The international business community developed and recognized the various commercial terms to make business environment easier. The main aim of the Incoterms is to minimize the risks, i.e. delivery risk and payment risk in international commercial transaction.

Therefore, the importance of incoterms is increasing day by day international commercial transaction. It’s very important that helps not only traders but lawyers, transporters and insurer. It helps to the contracting parties to resolve their disagreement in good faith and amicable consultation witheach other. Specially, Incoterms specifies the important obligations of both the seller and buyer relating to the delivery of goods or products from one place to another place.
About the essence of stuttering. Paikin (Sovetsk, psychoneur., No. 6, 1932)

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Paikin. On the essence of stuttering (Sovetsk, psychonevr., No. 6, 1932). The author approaches the problem of stuttering from a genetic point of view. He sees the root of stuttering in the initial clonus, that is, in the repetition of words and syllables without signs of convulsion, which is observed in children during the period of speech development, as a physiological phenomenon. On the basis of the repetition of words and syllables of non-convulsive phenomena, the author denotes "clonus" completely incomprehensible. "With unusual excessive emotional stimuli, early speech mechanisms are revived, the clonic repetition of syllables and words that are normally inhibited", and this leads to stuttering.
Platelet-Rich Fibrin Membrane for Pterygium Surgery: A Case Report, Literature Review and Feasibility Assessment

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Pterygium is a common ocular disease caused by abnormal cellular proliferation leading to abnormal fibrovascular growth of the conjunctiva. The main treatment is surgical removal; however, despite the improvement of surgical techniques and development of adjuvant therapies, postoperative recurrence, which can be as high as 89%, remains a challenge. Currently, pterygium excision with conjunctival autograft remains the preferred surgical technique to decrease recurrence, especially when combined with ciclosporin eye drops. Nevertheless, there is no gold standard surgical technique to prevent pterygium recurrence. Therefore, this review aims to assess the safety, effectiveness and, applicability of platelet-rich fibrin membrane for primary pterygium surgery and assess its possible benefits in resource-limited settings.
Comparative effectiveness of oral antihyperglycemic agents in patients with diabetes and chronic kidney disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We sought to compare the safety of sulfonylureas to other oral antihyperglycemic agents (OHAs) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and examine whether chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an effect modifier. Using Manitoba Center for Health Policy data, we identified adults with an incident OHA prescription between 2006 and 2016 (monotherapy; add-on to metformin [combotherapy]), and a serum creatinine test. We conducted comparisons with Cox models in propensity score matched cohorts. In 1,777 matched monotherapy pairs, sulfonylureas were associated with all-cause mortality (HR 1.44; 95% CI 1.05 – 1.97) vs. metformin where CKD was an effect modifier (p<0.001) as sulfonylureas performed worse in patients without CKD. In 1,266 matched combotherapy pairs, sulfonylureas were associated with all-cause mortality (HR 2.40; 95% CI 1.15 – 5.02) vs. other OHAs. CKD was not an effect modifier for other comparisons. Our evidence supports metformin as monotherapy, and discourages sulfonylureas as add-on therapy for glycemic control.
Fauna of long horned beetle (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) from Tilari forest, Chandgad, Kolhapur district of Maharashtra, a region of Western Ghats

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The Indian longhorn beetles of family Cerambycidae are the very important and interesting group in the order Coleoptera, and they are serious pests in the forest area. The current work provides important information about diversity of long horned beetles Cerambycidae from Tilari forest with individually gave the color images based on the collection of coauthors. Based on the vegetation in the study area was selected for the collection of longicorn beetles. A total of 14 species of longhorn beetles distributed over 14 genera belonging to 3 subfamilies from the study area. The present work has been provided new localities for 14 species of Cerambycidae from Kolhapur district with all the species of Cerambycids were newly recorded in the Tilari forest.
Lipid Phase Control and Secondary Structure of Viral Fusion Peptides Anchored in Monoolein Membranes

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The fusion of lipid membranes involves major changes of the membrane curvatures and is mediated by fusion proteins that bind to the lipid membranes. For a better understanding of the way fusion proteins steer this process, we have studied the interaction of two different viral fusion peptides, HA2-FP and TBEV-FP, with monoolein mesophases as a function of temperature and pressure at limited hydration. The fusion peptides are derived from the influenza virus hemagglutinin fusion protein (HA2-FP) and from the tick-borne encephalitis virus envelope glycoprotein E (TBEV-FP). By using synchrotron X-ray diffraction, the changes of the monoolein phase behavior upon binding the peptides have been determined and the concomitant secondary structures of the peptides have been analyzed by FTIR spectroscopy. As main results we have found that the fusion peptides interact differently with monoolein and change the pressure and temperature dependent lipid phase behavior to different extents. However, they both destabilize the fluid lamellar phase and favor phases with negative curvature, i.e. inverse bicontinuous cubic and inverse hexagonal phases. These peptide-induced phase changes can partially be reversed by the application of high pressure, demonstrating that the promotion of negative curvature is achieved by a less dense packing of the monoolein membranes by the fusion peptides. Pressure jumps across the cubic-lamellar phase transition reveal that HA2-FP has a negligible effect on the rates of the cubic and the lamellar phase formation. Interestingly, the secondary structures of the fusion peptides appear unaffected by monoolein fluid-fluid phase transitions, suggesting that the fusion peptides are the structure dominant species in the fusion process of lipid membranes.
Nationwide Surveillance and Molecular Characterization of Critically Drug-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria: Results of the Research University Network Thailand Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A large-scale surveillance is an important measure to monitor the regional spread of antimicrobial resistance. We prospectively studied the prevalence and molecular characteristics of clinically important Gram-negative bacilli, including Escherichia coli , Klebsiella pneumoniae , Acinetobacter baumannii complex (ABC), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa , from blood, respiratory tract, urine, and sterile sites at 47 hospitals across Thailand.