jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Deep AutoAugment

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

While recent automated data augmentation methods lead to state-of-the-art results, their design spaces and the derived data augmentation strategies still incorporate strong human priors. In this work, instead of fixing a set of hand-picked default augmentations alongside the searched data augmentations, we propose a fully automated approach for data augmentation search named Deep AutoAugment (DeepAA). DeepAA progressively builds a multi-layer data augmentation pipeline from scratch by stacking augmentation layers one at a time until reaching convergence. For each augmentation layer, the policy is optimized to maximize the cosine similarity between the gradients of the original and augmented data along the direction with low variance. Our experiments show that even without default augmentations, we can learn an augmentation policy that achieves strong performance with that of previous works. Extensive ablation studies show that the regularized gradient matching is an effective search method for data augmentation policies. Our code is available at: https://github.com/MSU-MLSys-Lab/DeepAA .
The occurrence of killer characters in yeasts

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Strains of the genera Saccharomyces, Saccharomycodes, Schizosaccharomyces, Hanseniaspora, Kluyveromyces, Pichia, Kloeckera, and Torulopsis were examined for killer, sensitive, neutral, and killer–sensitive characteristics against a killer strain (NCYC738) and a sensitive strain (NYCC1006) of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Thirty-one Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains out of 782 screened were able to kill the sensitive test strain; 707 appeared to be sensitive and 44 neutral. A high frequency of killer phenotypes (71.4%) was found in Hansenula anomala var. anomala strains. No killer strains were present in the remaining 17 species considered.
Early Production From Some Devonian Shale Gas Wells Stimulated With Several Kinds of Explosive Charge

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Early cumulative production from Devonian Shale gas wells stimulated with a high energy water gel explosive averaged 2 times that from nearby wells stimulated with dynamite. From an estimate of production loss due to well damage done by post-shot drilling in the shot zone, it is concluded that production from the wells stimulated with water gel would have averaged 5 times that from dynamite stimulations if no such drilling had been done.
Survey of Avifauna of the Gharana Wetland Reserve

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The Gharana wetland conservation reserve (GWCR) is a semi-arid wetland adjacent to agricultural areas on the Indo-Pakistani border. Despite being declared an Important Bird Area (IBA) by Birdlife International, the occurrence and distribution of birds has not been well-documented in this area. Our aims were to systematically document the composition, relative abundance and feeding guilds of all avian fauna in order to form a baseline to monitor changes from-and to underwrite-future conservation actions.
Cytotoxic Diterpenoids from Isodon adenolomus

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

AIM:To study the chemical constituents of the aerial parts of Isodon adennolmus collected in the Shangrila region of Yunnan Province,China.METHOD:Compounds 1-10 were separated and purified by silica gel and C18 reversed phase silica gel column chromatography.The structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic methods(IR,UV,MS and NMR),and the absolute configuration of 1 was determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis.Compounds 2-5 and 10 were evaluated for their in vitro cytotoxicity against human tumor cell lines,HL-60,SMMC-7721,A-549,MCF-7,and SW-480.RESULTS:One ent-abietane,two abietane,and seven ent-kaurane diterpenoids were isolated and identified.CONCLUSION:Compounds 1-3 are new diterpenoids.Compounds 2-4 and 10 showed moderate inhibitory effects on several of the five tumor cell lines.
CME Questions

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

CME Questions| January 01 2019 CME Questions AAP Grand Rounds (2019) 41 (1): 12. https://doi.org/10.1542/gr.41-1-12 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation CME Questions. AAP Grand Rounds January 2019; 41 (1): 12. https://doi.org/10.1542/gr.41-1-12 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All PublicationsAll JournalsAAP Grand RoundsPediatricsHospital PediatricsPediatrics In ReviewNeoReviewsAAP NewsAll AAP Sites Search Advanced Search Topics: education, medical, continuing, objective (goal) The following continuing medical education questions cover the content of the January 2019 issue of AAP Grand Rounds. Please keep this issue. Each year’s material is worth up to 18 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit(s)TM. Complete and claim credit online at www.aapgrandrounds.org. Need username and password? Contact customer service at 866-843-2271. You do not currently have access to this content.
Depletion of TSG101 forms a mammalian `Class E' compartment: a multicisternal early endosome with multiple sorting defects

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The early endosome comprises morphologically distinct regions specialised in sorting cargo receptors. A central question is whether receptors move through a predetermined structural pathway, or whether cargo selection contributes to the generation of endosome morphology and membrane flux. Here, we show that depletion of tumour susceptibility gene 101 impairs the selection of epidermal growth factor receptor away from recycling receptors within the limiting membrane of the early endosome. Consequently, epidermal growth factor receptor sorting to internal vesicles of the multivesicular body and cargo recycling to the cell surface or Golgi complex are inhibited. These defects are accompanied by disruption of bulk flow transport to the lysosome and profound structural rearrangement of the early endosome. The pattern of tubular and vacuolar domains is replaced by enlarged vacuoles, many of which are folded into multicisternal structures resembling the `Class E' compartments that define several Saccharomyces cerevisiae vacuolar protein sorting mutants. The cisternae are interleaved by a fine matrix but lack other surface elaborations, most notably clathrin.
Human-computer interactions for systems identification of gene regulatory networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

With technology so advanced these days, there is an increasing trend of a desire to make use of technology to understand and gain knowledge. This thirst for knowledge is greatly supported by humans’ curiosity in finding out how technology and science can complement each other. Where technology is the application of science, there is an increasing trend of people wanting to gain a concise understanding on biological data with the aid of technological tools. With Gene Regulatory Network (GRN) playing a major part of molecular processes, one popular software tool is the GRN tool which provides users with an interactive Graphical User Interface (GUI) to perform their desired actions like inferencing networks or modifying the inferred network. In this project, code review is to be done to better understand the software implementation, where explanations will then be made. Thereafter, analysis is carried out on the software implementation and enhancements to improve the user experience will be introduced. With this documentation created, detailed explanations are recorded in hopes of helping users to acquire a better understanding of this software, Meta GRN.
Two-dimensional Au2B: Robust non-magnetic metallicity independent of the native defects, strain and functional groups

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Based on the first principle method, the structural and electronic properties for two-dimensional (2D) Au2 B are studied. Our investigations indicate 2D Au2 B has the similar crystal structure to 2D transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs). Electronic structures show 2D Au2 B is a typical non-magnetic metal. Native defects (Au and B vacancy), strains and functional groups (F and Cl absorbed cases) could not destroy its metallic characters. Stable metallic properties suggest 2D Au2 B is an alternative and promising electrode material for 2D heterogeneous junctions based on the TMDs. For the Li absorbed case, large negative adsorption energies imply the strong interactions between Li and 2D Au2 B, which means 2D Au2 B, when utilized as the Li-ion batteries anodes, could prevent the formation of metallic Li and improve the Li-ion batteries' safety and reversibility.
Understanding and Applying Research Paradigms in Educational Contexts

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The concept of research paradigm is one that many higher degree research students, and even early career researchers, find elusive to articulate, and challenging to apply in their research proposals. Adopting an ethnographic and hermeneutic methodology, the present paper draws upon our experiences as lecturers in Research Methods over many years, and upon pertinent literature to explain the meaning of research paradigm. The paper elucidates the key aspects of research paradigms that researchers should understand well to be able to address this concept adequately in their research proposals. It offers suggestions on how researchers can locate their research into a paradigm and the justification needed for paradigm choice. With the explicit purpose of helping higher degree research (HDR) students design effective research proposals, the paper also discusses the different research methodologies best suited to conduct research in each of the paradigms discussed.
The Fawkes-Turner Connection and the Art Collection at Farnley Hall, Otley, 1792–1937: A Great Estate Enhanced and Supported

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

OUTSTANDING COLLECTIONS OFFINEARTserve to enhance and to interpret aspects of life. They give pleasure and prestige to a nation, a civic authority, or a patron. Further more, their value has increased both in terms of current and real prices; so, a collection, like that of the Fawkes at Farnley Hall, in Wharfedale, became a significant part of their capital assets. The strength of the estate was reflected in the growth and maintenance of the collection up to 1889. Sales of paintings and drawings, in and after 1890, mirrored the increasing pressures on landowners, who found it difficult to keep a great estate intact under quickly changing conditions. It is the intention of this paper first, briefly, to set the Fawkes family in their economic and social context: second, to indicate the range and the quality of the fine art which graced the walls of Farnley Hall, of 45, Grosvenor Place, London, and of Leathley Hall. Third, an assessment will be made of Walter Ramsden Hawksworth Fawkes's reasons for buying paintings. Fourth, some indication will be given of the impact which art had on the family, their guests, and on a wider public in Leeds and London. Finally, it will be possible to throw some light on the increasing value of the Farnley Hall collection, on the realisation of some assets in fine art, and on the reasons for the sales from 1890 to 1937.
Achieving Record-High Photoelectrochemical Photoresponse Characteristics by Employing Co3O4 Nanoclusters as Hole Charging Layer for Underwater Optical Communication

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The physicochemical properties of a semiconductor surface, especially in low-dimensional nanostructures, determine the electrical and optical behavior of the devices. Thereby, the precise control of surface properties is a prerequisite for not only preserving the intrinsic material quality but also manipulating carrier transport behavior for promoting device characteristics. Here, we report a facile approach to suppress the photocorrosion effect while boosting the photoresponse performance of n-GaN nanowires in a constructed photoelectrochemical-type photodetector by employing Co3O4 nanoclusters as a hole charging layer. Essentially, the Co3O4 nanoclusters not only alleviate nanowires from corrosion by optimizing the oxygen evolution reaction kinetics at the nanowire/electrolyte interface but also facilitate an efficient photogenerated carrier separation, migration, and collection process, leading to a significant ease of photocurrent attenuation (improved by nearly 867% after Co3O4 decoration). Strikingly, a record-high responsivity of 217.2 mA W-1 with an ultrafast response/recovery time of 0.03/0.02 ms can also be achieved, demonstrating one of the best performances among the reported photoelectrochemical-type photodetectors, that ultimately allowed us to build an underwater optical communication system based on the proposed nanowire array for practical applications. This work provides a perspective for the rational design of stable nanostructures for various applications in photo- and biosensing or energy-harvesting nanosystems.
Precision Stark spectroscopy of the fine structure of the microwave transition 37P-37S in sodium Rydberg atoms

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The results of experimental and theoretical investigations of the fine structure of the spectrum of the microwave transition 37P-37S in sodium Rydberg atoms in a weak electric field are reported. New data are obtained on the experimental values of the scalar and tensor polarizabilities of the 37P level. A numerical simulation of the Stark diagram, taking into account the influence of the anticrossings of the Rydberg levels, is performed, and the results are found to be in good agreement with experiment.
ON THE BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF PHOSPHATE ANALYSIS; COMPARISON OF STANDARD AND NEW METHODS WITH A BIOASSAY1

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The phosphate concentration of 13 waters was measured by several chemical procedures including a new six‐second method and a solvent extraction procedure. Results were compared with estimates from an algal bioassay procedure to determine which method most accurately measured biologically available phosphorus. Where estimates obtained by these methods differed appreciably, arsenate interference rather than hydrolysis of organic phosphate compounds accounted for the discrepancies. The new extraction method proved less sensitive to arsenate interference than that of Stephens and gave results in agreement with the bioassay.
Reliability Evaluation of Nonlinear Degraded Equipment based on Wiener Process

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

In unstable environments, many devices exhibit non-linear degradation characteristics, and their degradation rate will also change accordingly. In order to consider the degradation differences between individuals, We introduce a method for evaluating equipment reliability in the context of nonlinear degradation, leveraging the Wiener process. This technique utilizes the Wiener process to depict equipment degradation and employs a time scale model to linearize nonlinear data. At the same time, the drift coefficients of the Wiener process were randomized to propose a reliability model that considers individual differences. The unknown parameters in the model were determined by using two-stage maximum likelihood estimation, and the correctness and superiority of this method were verified through examples.
Paving a Way towards Food Democratisation: Mechanisms in Contentious Niche Development

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Transition scholars have argued that the analysis of the agency of local civil society actors in their political struggle to transform the food system is necessary. In response, we complement the multi-level perspective on socio-technical transitions with the mechanism-process approach of contentious politics. This framework guides our qualitative analysis of a local movement called “The Way of Mals” in South Tyrol, Italy. This movement aimed to ban pesticides by developing a niche of food democratisation. We investigate how the local movement strategically mobilised citizens to get actively engaged in the local governance of food. We argue that the creation of political opportunities by the movement was crucial for their claim making. Amongst others, they introduced a legally binding local referendum on the ban on chemical–synthetic pesticides. We call this mechanism “paving”. In combination with meaning-making and networking, paving has led to the democratisation of local food governance. We conclude that the agency of local movements is especially reflected in their capacity to readjust in response to suppression efforts of their opponents in the well-established conventional regime. We suggest comparisons with similar cases for future research.
A METALLURGICAL EVALUATION OF TWO AAR M128 STEEL TANK CAR HEAD PLATES USED IN SWITCHYARD IMPACT TESTS

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The National Bureau of Standards correlated the mechanical properties and metallurgical characteristics of two steel head plate samples taken from tank cars subjected to switchyard impact tests. This metallurgical evaluation included determining whether the samples conformed with the appropriate specifications and to determine the impact test behavior of both plate samples. The results of check chemical analyses and ambient-temperature tensile tests indicated that both plates met the chemical, tensile strength, and tensile ductility requirements of AAR M128 steel. The results of metallographic analyses of both plates revealed extensive banding with alternate layers of ferrite and pearlite, typical of carbon-manganese steel in the hot-rolled condition. One sample also contained a microstructural anomaly near the inside plate surface, possibly related to prior thermo/mechanical processing of the plate. The nil-ductility transition temperatures were determined to be -20F and -40F for the plates, similar to the lowest values reported for a group of tank car plate samples. The results of Charpy V-notch tests established that the transition temperatures of these two plates are similar to one another, and are among the lowest of those measured for all other tank car plates tested at NBS. The comparatively low impact transition temperatures for both plates are related to the high manganese-to-carbon ratio and relatively fine ferrite grain size observed in the microstructures.
Sound source localization based on data and neural network model

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract In this study, the integration of sound source localization with neural network techniques is proposed. Firstly, the development history and basic principle of neural networks are introduced. Combined with the characteristics of sound source location, the residual neural network is analyzed, and the residual neural network is used as the neural network model. The sound signal received by the microphone array is computed by PHAT-SCOT and the output is trained as the input feature of ResNet. Finally, the results of indoor sound source location are obtained in the test set. Experimental findings demonstrate that the neural network-based localization algorithm exhibits robust localization accuracy across diverse environmental conditions.
FUTURISTIC TRENDS IN DENTAL IMPLANT SURGERY: ROBOTIC ASSISTED DENTAL IMPLANT SURGERY WITH AN AUTONOMOUS DENTAL IMPLANT ROBOT (ADIR)

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

This article explores the transformative impact of robotic technology in dentistry, specifically focusing on trends in dental implant surgery, integrating Robotic-Assisted Dental Implant Surgery with an Autonomous Dental Implant Robot (ADIR). The goal is to enhance precision and efficiency while minimizing invasiveness. Current dental trends emphasize optimal implant positioning for prolonged viability and aesthetically pleasing outcomes. Computer-assisted guidance techniques have advanced implant placement precision. Anticipating a paradigm shift in Oral and Maxillofacial surgery in India, the article foresees the incorporation of Robotic-Assisted Implant Surgery, providing superior accuracy. The convergence of robotic assistance addresses the growing demand for comprehensive precision in dental procedures. Guided implant therapy's acceptance aligns with technological advancements, complementing the continuous expansion of surgical skills. In contrast to freehand implant surgery, the article contends that Robotic-Assisted Dental Implant Surgery with ADIR has the potential to revolutionize the field by combining technology with surgical proficiency, providing a practical solution to traditional challenges. The article concludes by emphasizing the transformative potential of this trend in reshaping dental implant surgery for practitioners and patients alike.
Prenoids and palmitate: lipids that control the biological activity of Ras proteins.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Ras proteins can be modified by two types of lipids--an isoprenoid and the fatty acid palmitate. These lipids help the otherwise cytoplasmic Ras protein to interact with the plasma membrane of a cell. The biological consequences of this association between Ras and membranes are dramatic, and can alter a cell's behavior from normal growth into malignancy. The scope and limits of our knowledge of the steps, structures and enzymes involved in this molecular transformation from soluble inactivity to membrane-bound potency are offered below. The prospects of regulating Ras function by controlling its intracellular location provides a tantalizing opportunity to translate research into a novel therapeutic reality.
A Hybrid IEFDL Model for Accurate PM2.5 Forecasting in India Using Deep Learning and Multivariate Data Analysis

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Air pollution is rising rapidly due to rapid industrialization, making PM forecasting, especially PM2.5, a key research subject due to its health implications. An Improved Extraction of Feature with a Deep Learning model, also named as the IFEDL model, is presented for Indian city particulate matter forecasting. The model combines historical air quality data with environmental and socioeconomic data using hybrid deep learning. Deep learning models like RNNs for sequential historical data and DBNs for multidimensional factor analysis are used for long-term projections. Short-term forecasts employ XGBoost because it works well with limited data and characteristics. Reduced dimension improves model performance with PCA. In addition to weather, industrial expansion, car sales, and emissions, the National Ambient Air Quality database offers hourly PM data for many years. Train and test the IEFDL model 80-20. Compared to standard models, experimental results revealed improved short-term prediction accuracy with a Mean Absolute Error of 4.92 µg/m³ and Root Mean Square Error of 6.75 µg/m³. Combining several factors and deep learning architectures yielded accurate long-term projections, with an MAE of 6.34 µg/m³ and RMSE of 8.89 µg/m³. In rising nations like India, the concept promotes proactive air quality control and policymaking.