jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Assessment of the Concentration of Settleable Particulate Matter Using Geographic Information Systems in the Central Ecuadorian Highlands

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

INTRODUCTION: Pollution is the most obvious factor in the deterioration of environmental quality. This issue affects different media and is closely related to the destructive effects on the environment, the accelerated greenhouse effect, the deterioration of ecosystems, and environmental quality. OBJECTIVES: Determine and characterize the sedimentable particulate matter due to anthropic and natural incidence Using Geographic Information Systems in the Central Ecuadorian Highlands. METHODS: 22 monitoring points were established, these collected sedimentable particulate matter (SPM) through the passive gravimetric method that consists of particulate matter (PM) being deposited by gravity in Petri dishes with filter paper inside for one month. The samples were analyzed and compared with the maximum permissible limits (LMP) of the standards: international (WHO) and national (Agreement 097-A). RESULTS: Showed that all samples comply with the regulations established in Agreement 097-A reformed in 2018 (1 mg / cm2 / month), however, 21 of the 22 samples collected do not comply with WHO regulations being above the maximum permissible limit that is (0.5 mg / cm2 / month), being the SPM a factor that affects air quality in the area. CONCLUSION: A map of concentration and dispersion of the SPM was elaborated with the help of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) where 3 types of ranges to the concentration of the MP were categorized: high, medium, and low, also the areas with the highest degree of concentration of particulate matter were identified, turning out to be the north and south of the study area.
Study on the Effects of Helium-Argon Gas Mixture on the Laser Welding Performance of High Temperature Alloys

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In order to solve the problem of porosity in laser deep penetration welding of GH3625 high-temperature alloy plates, five different ratios of high-purity helium gas and high-purity argon gas mixed gases were compared in welding experiments after various process parameter improvements and adjustments failed to achieve Class I welds. The experimental results show that using high-purity helium gas or a mixture of 50% high-purity helium gas and 50% high-purity argon gas can both achieve Class I welds. This indicates that using high-purity helium gas or an appropriate mixed gas instead of pure argon is one of the effective ways to solve the problem of porosity in laser deep penetration welding of high-temperature alloys. The mixture of 50% high-purity argon gas and 50% high-purity helium gas can reduce the consumption of high-purity helium gas, lower production costs, and is more suitable.
Molecular markers for genetic diversity and phylogeny research of Brazilian sheep breeds

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Brazilian sheep descended from several breeds brought to the New World by Portuguese and Spanish colonists, and they have evolved and adapted to local climatic variations and acquired tolerance or resistance to many diseases. Molecular markers are widely used in analyzing genetic variability, and markers such as amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP), restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), microsatellite, mtDNA and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) have facilitated the characterization of genetic diversity and population structure, and in the investigation of the natural history, behavior, and evolution of several sheep breeds. In this context, we present here a review of the uses of molecular markers in ecological and conservation research of Brazilian sheep breeds. Key words: DNA polymorphism, genetic conservation, Ovis aries .
Approximate Consistency and Prediction Algorithms in Quantum Mechanics

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

This dissertation investigates questions arising in the consistent histories formulation of the quantum mechanics of closed systems. Various criteria for approximate consistency are analysed. The connection between the Dowker-Halliwell criterion and sphere packing problems is shown and used to prove several new bounds on the violation of probability sum rules. The quantum Zeno effect is also analysed within the consistent histories formalism and used to demonstrate some of the difficulties involved in discussing approximate consistency. The complications associated with null histories and infinite sets are briefly discussed. The possibility of using the properties of the Schmidt decomposition to define an algorithm which selects a single, physically natural, consistent set for pure initial density matrices is investigated. The problems that arise are explained, and different possible algorithms discussed. Their properties are analysed with the aid of simple models. A set of computer programs is described which apply the algorithms to more complicated examples. Another algorithm is proposed that selects the consistent set (formed using Schmidt projections) with the highest Shannon information. This is applied to a simple model and shown to produce physically sensible histories. The theory is capable of unconditional probabilistic prediction for closed quantum systems, and is strong enough to be falsifiable. Ideas on applying the theory to more complicated examples are discussed.
Kicking and Screaming

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In this paper, poetry, as a form of creative analytic practice, is used to articulate my transformation from a constructivist to a critical theorist during my research with Aboriginal women in prison. I was first kicking and screaming against the very thought of working so closely with women in prison, and eventually I was kicking and screaming with incarcerated women and for incarcerated women. Creative analytic practice embraces the complexity of lived experiences and allows for transformational process of self-creation. In my poem, I illustrate my intense, emotional, and life-changing journey as I re-discovered a world based on hierarchical structures of power.
Immunising children a practical guideImmunishing children a practical guide Mayon-White A Richard Moreton Judith Radcliffe medical press ltd £9.95, 78pps1 85775 154185775154

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The authors, a consultant in communicable disease control and a health visitor district Immunisation co-ordinator, describe this book as an update to immunising children published in 1989 and as a practical guide for parents and professionals alike.
Modelling fields of local displacement for estimating an analysis of tensor deformation

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The knowledge of the behavior of three-dimensional displacements fields is an important requirement in the task of analysis of structures deformations, be them natural or artificial. However, as the geodetic observations are usually accomplished in a finite number of points of the study area, it is necessary to use a mathematical tool of interpolation for the knowledge of such behavior. This way, the aim of this work is to present the concepts involved in the modelling of local displacements fields from three-dimensional displacements obtained by means of the Global Positioning System (GPS). For the attainment of this objective a three-dimensional polynomial model of second degree is used. The coefficients of this model are calculated by a least square adjustment. After this stage, convenient statistical tests are accomplished for the suitable analysis of the quality of the adjusted model, as well as, for the verification of the significance of the estimated coefficients. Later, these concepts werw applied in the three-dimensional displacements detected in the region of Salto Caxias Hydroelectric Power Dam, where it was found out that the results were satisfactory, once the polinomial function modeled was able to determine, also, the deformation parameters in each one of the observation points. Finally, the obtained results and its conclusion will be presented in this paper.
Data from Predictive Value of <i>XRCC1</i> Gene Polymorphisms on Platinum-Based Chemotherapy in Advanced Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<div>Abstract<p><b>Purpose:</b> Published data have shown conflicting results about the relationship between X-ray repair cross-complementing group 1 (<i>XRCC1</i>) gene polymorphisms (Arg399Gln and Arg194Trp) and clinical outcome of platinum-based chemotherapy in patients with advanced non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). A meta-analysis is needed to provide a systematic review of the published findings.</p><p><b>Experimental Design:</b> We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the predictive value of <i>XRCC1</i> gene polymorphisms on clinical outcome up to October 1, 2010. The quality of each study was scored on the basis of predefined criteria.</p><p><b>Results:</b> A total of 13 eligible follow-up studies met all the inclusion criteria. The <i>XRCC1</i>194Trp allele was found to be significantly associated with a favorable response rate relative to 194Arg [Trp vs. Arg: OR, 1.88; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.48–2.38]. <i>XRCC1</i>399Gln was less favorably associated with both response rate (Gln vs. Arg: OR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.52–0.87) and overall survival (Gln vs. Arg: HR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.04–1.63) than 399Arg in analyses using all available studies; but these associations became insignificant when only high-quality studies were used.</p><p><b>Conclusion:</b> These findings suggest a predictive role for <i>XRCC1</i> gene polymorphisms in clinical outcome. However, the role of 399Gln could be considered controversial because its impact on clinical outcome was insignificant in high-quality studies. These findings show the importance of establishing suitable criteria, including genetic epidemiologic, phenotypic, and clinical criteria, to improve quality control of study design and methods in pharmacogenomic studies related to <i>XRCC1</i> gene polymorphism. <i>Clin Cancer Res; 18(14); 3972–81. ©2012 AACR</i>.</p></div>
Echocardiographic Evaluations of Tetralogy of Fallot in Children Under 16 Years of Age at Children's Hospital

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: The TOF term was firstly described by the Danish anatomist Neils Stensen, in the year 1671 observed in a fetus suffering from ectopia cordis. In the year 1888, a series of 5 reports that described the four anatomical features occurring in a particular group of patients suffering from cyanosis was given by Etienne louis Aurthur. The combination of this tetrad described by him is given as, Ventricle septal defect, Pulmonary stenosis, Right ventricular hypertrophy, Overriding of aorta. This combination tetrad described by him was known as the Tetralogy of Fallot. It was named as la maladei blue i.e [the blue malady]. Objective: To evaluate the findings of Tetralogy of Fallot in children through echocardiography. Materials and Methods: It’s a retrospective study in which a total of 88 patients who visited cardiology department of Children’s hospital for echocardiography examination were taken. An echocardiography test is performed to evaluate the frequency of Tetralogy of Fallot. Results: This study had 88 patients, who fulfilled the criteria were taken, out of which 60(68%) were male and 28(31%) were females. Out of these 88 students, 84% patients have Tetralogy of Fallot disease and tetralogy of Fallot was absent in 16% of the patients. Conclusion: The Tetralogy of Fallot is related to various anatomical differences and in order to avoid further surgical complications there is a necessity to get it identified. Echocardiography can diagnose these anomalies in a much better way and it has helped greatly to reduce the need for invasive procedures like cardiac catheterization for these patients.
Auto-Regenerative TL Dating of Zircon Inclusions

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Microscopic zircon crystals exist in small amounts in most pottery. Zircons are of particular interest because they are one of the few TL sensitive minerals whose palaeodose is almost entirely internal. Since the external dose normally contributes only 3% to the natural TL, errors introduced by uncertainties in the environmental dose rate are virtually eliminated. Because of their high internal dose rate one can date the last firing of the zircons by storing the grains for six months after measurement of the natural TL. During the storage a small TL signal will be auto-regenerated. The age is then given by Age = (Natural TL x storage time)/(Auto-regenerated TL). This technique overcomes the difficulties, encountered in the standard TL dating procedure, from zoned TL emission. However, this auto-regenerated TL signal is small, requiring the development of high sensitivity TL apparatus. A variety of samples have been successfully dated by this method, with dating accuracies of 4 to 45%. The results are reported here.
Absorbed dose uncertainty estimation for proton therapy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Successful radiotherapy treatment depends on the absorbed dose evaluation and the possibility to define metrological characteristics of the therapy beam. Radiotherapy requires tumor dose delivery with expanded uncertainty less than ?5 %. It is particularly important to reduce uncertainty during therapy beam calibration as well as to apply all necessary ionization chamber correction factors. Absorbed dose to water was determined using ionometric method. Calibration was performed in reference cobalt beam. Combined standard uncertainty of the calculated absorbed dose to water in 65 MeV proton beam was ?1.97% while the obtained expanded uncertainty of absorbed dose for the same beam quality was ?5.02%. The uncertainty estimation method has been developed within the project TESLA.
Commercial Cultivation and Profitability Lentil

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Lentil has been an important source of protein in many countries where it has been grown for many centuries. In traditional growing regions, lentils are often grown with little or no inputs like fertilizers, pesticides and herbicides on small farms to supply food for the local people. Production and profitability on these farms contrasts with that on farms in more developed countries where lentils have only been grown for a short period and is export orientated.
Brain natriuretic peptide: A potential indicator of cardiomyogenesis after autologous mesenchymal stem cell transplantation?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We observed in a pilot study that there was a transient elevation of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) level shortly after the transplantation in the patient with ischemic heart failure, which is unexplainable by the simultaneous increase of the cardiac output and six-minute walk distance. Similar findings were observed in the phase I trial. We postulated on the basis of the finding of Fukuda in vitro that this transient elevation of BNP level against the improvement of cardiac function and exercise capacity might indicate cardiomyogenesis in patients after mesenchymal stem cell transplantation. Further study is warranted to verify the hypothesis.
A low complex context adaptive image interpolation algorithm for real-time applications

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Recently a lot of interpolation algorithms are proposed, but these interpolation algorithms are highly computationally expensive. Hence these algorithms cannot be implemented and used in real time applications. In view of real time applications we have proposed a computationally simple interpolation algorithm. In our proposed algorithm the unknown pixels are categorized into various bins depending upon the characteristic of the neighboring pixels (activity level) and for each bin fixed prediction parameters are used for prediction. We have presented different set of fixed predictors for both smooth type and edgy type of images. We have also proposed a modified algorithm in which selection of prediction parameter is done on block by block basis instead of image basis. Our proposed algorithm gives much better qualitative and quantitative performance as compared to other computationally simple interpolation algorithms.
Review. Stendhal: A Study of his Novels. Hemmings, F. W. J.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Journal Article REVIEWS Get access Stendhal: A Study of his Novels. By F. W. J. HEMMINGS. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 1964. xvii + 232 pp. 42s. J. DECHAMPS J. DECHAMPS LONDRES Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar French Studies, Volume XIX, Issue 1, January 1965, Pages 68–70, https://doi.org/10.1093/fs/XIX.1.68 Published: 01 January 1965
Demographic and clinical features of extremity crush injuries resulting from entrapment under the rubble: An orthopedic perspective

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract

Background: We aimed to contribute to the literature by reporting the demographic and clinical characteristics of patients who suffered extremity crush injuries as a result of being trapped under rubble following the earthquake that occurred in Turkey on February 6, 2023. Methods: In total, 65 patients, including 33 females and 32 males, were enrolled. The mean age of the patients was 32.2 ± 20.45 years. Patients were categorized into four treatment groups, including nonoperative (n = 13), fasciotomy/debridement (n = 20), fracture fixation (n = 5), and amputation (n = 27) groups. Demographic and clinical information were analyzed. Results: The lower extremities were the most frequently affected anatomical regions. Upon hospital admission, all patients exhibited significant elevations in serum potassium and creatinine kinase levels; however, these levels decreased significantly within 24 h of the initiation of operative or nonoperative treatment (p < 0.05). The rate of crush syndrome development was 54%, 60%, and 59% in the nonoperative, fasciotomy/debridement, and amputation groups, respectively. Similarly, the rate of hemodialysis was 15%, 35%, and 22% in the nonoperative, fasciotomy/debridement, and amputation groups, respectively. The reoperation rate was 75% and 30% in the fasciotomy/debridement and amputation groups, respectively. Furthermore, the incidence of infection was 40% in fracture fixation group, 40% in the fasciotomy/debridement group, and 33% in the amputation group. The mortality rate was 5% in the fasciotomy/debridement group and 7% in the amputation group. The mean duration of hospitalization for all treatment groups was 10.9 ± 10.41 days, with the fasciotomy/debridement group having the longest duration of hospitalization (14.5 ± 9.8 days). Conclusion: During the acute treatment phase, a significant increase in crush syndrome and wound infection rates, accompanied by a greater need for hemodialysis and prolonged hospitalization, were frequently observed. We hypothesize that the findings of studies on earthquake-related experience could provide a reference for future investigations.
Extending Regional Seismic Travel Time (RSTT) Tomography to New Regions

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Lowering the global seismic detection threshold can be accomplished by introducing data recorded at regional distances (<2000 km from the event) into global monitoring systems. Unfortunately, introduction of regional data degrades average epicenter accuracy compared to locations constrained solely by data recorded at greater distances. Location accuracy degrades because regional seismic travel time (RSTT) prediction error is generally greater than prediction error for waves that travel to greater distances. In previous work we developed a computationally efficient method to capture the first-order effects of three-dimensional (3-D) crust and upper mantle structure on RSTTs. Previous results demonstrate that RSTT prediction accuracy is greatly improved by seismic tomography, in which model velocities are adjusted so that predicted travel times are in agreement with travel times that are based on a dataset of accurate event locations and arrival-time measurements. We have conducted RSTT tomography for the regional phases Pn, Pg, Sn, and Lg across Eurasia and for the Pn phase across North America. After tomography across Eurasia and North America, rigorous tests find that the standard deviation of Pn travel time residuals is reduced from approximately 1.75 seconds (ak135 model) to approximately 1.25 seconds. Further, the median location error is reduced from approximately 15 km to 9 km for network configurations that effectively average out measurement error. Reduction of epicenter error, millisecond travel time computation, and the flexibility to compute travel times between arbitrary points on/in the globe all make the RSTT method ideal for routine location work and for use in seismic monitoring systems. Extension of RSTT tomography to additional regions is a necessary step towards making the RSTT approach truly global and therefore attractive to monitoring agencies, such as the International Data Center at the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization (CTBTO), the National Earthquake Information Center (NEIC), and the International Seismic Centre (ISC). Geographic extension of RSTT tomography through regional cooperation is currently being pursued. In the regional cooperation approach, scientists from study regions participate in the development of high-quality data sets, tomography, and model validation. A regional cooperation approach works towards producing the most complete tomographic data set, and it provides a better understanding of the RSTT approach to the international scientific community.