jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
MANAGEMENT OF EMERGENCIES

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

PREMATURE infants as a group pass through their period of greatest danger in the first forty-eight hours of life—it is in this period that 90 per cent of the mortality among premature infants will be encountered. Unfortunately the premature infant, having weathered this initial forty-eight hour danger zone, cannot now be promised smooth sailing for the remainder of his voyage. A premature infant must still navigate dangerous waters and be exposed to many more hazards than is his more fortunate full term compatriot. Obviously our first medical responsibility is to try to get the premature infant through this forty-eight hour period of danger. It is now agreed that the lot of these infants cannot be improved by procedures that are instituted after birth. The obstetricians recognize that improvement in the condition of premature infants in the first forty-eight hours after birth can be achieved only through forces acting in the
Politics, integration of ESG in CEO compensation, and firm credit ratings: evidence from the USA

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Purpose This paper aims to investigate how a US firm’s political landscape affects the integration of environmental, social and governance (hereafter ESG) measures in CEO compensation contracts, thereby affecting the firm’s ESG performance and credit rating. Design/methodology/approach Based on the results of state senatorial and presidential elections and the location of a US firm’s headquarters, the authors categorize whether a firm has a political environment that is predominantly Democratic (blue) or Republican (red). The empirical analyses are based on a sample of US firms in the period 2014–2021. Findings The authors find that firms in blue states are more likely to link CEO compensation to ESG performance measures. Further, the results show that firms in blue states with ESG-linked compensation contracts have better ESG performance. Lastly, the authors find evidence that a firm’s ESG performance has a positive impact on its credit rating, but the impact is weakened if firms in red states link ESG performance to executive compensation. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first research that explores how a firm’s political environment affects the use of ESG performance measures in CEO compensation contracts. Furthermore, the authors contribute to the literature by showing evidence that the political environment interacts with the impact of ESG-linked compensation incentives on the firm’s ESG performance and, thus, its credit rating.
The Concept Of “Home” In Russian-Language Literature Of Russia And Kazakhstan

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The processes of globalization and the rapid time both influence on the perception of basic conceptual notions. Fiction is a special repository of information, which contains ideas about various concepts, including the concept of "home", so our study was carried out on the basis of fiction from Russian and Kazakhstani Russian-language literature of the 21st century. The cultures of Russia and Kazakhstan have been in close interaction since ancient times, which is actively continuing in the modern world, so our study is comparative in nature. The results of the study are the consideration of the notion of “concept”, a generalization of the results of research of the concept of “home” in the Russian language picture of the world, as well as the study of representations of this concept in modern Russian-language literature of Russia and Kazakhstan based on the works of the Russian author M. Petrosyan “Dom, v kotorom…” [“The house in which…”], Kazakh Russian-language writer N. Verevochkin “Zub mamonta. Letopis mertvogo goroda” [Tooth of a mammoth. Chronicle of the Dead City]. These novels reflect the vision of the world of certain social and age groups, therefore, the representations of the concept “home” reflected in these works are enshrined in the Russian language picture of the world.
Rapid Gut Adaptation to Preterm Birth Involves Feeding-Related DNA Methylation Reprogramming of Intestinal Genes in Pigs

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Following preterm birth, the immature gut function and immunology must rapidly adapt to cope with bacterial colonization and enteral milk feeding. We hypothesized that intestinal epigenetic changes are involved in the gut response to preterm birth and the first feeding. Using piglets as models for infants, preterm and term pigs were fed total parenteral nutrition (TPN) or partial enteral feeding (ENT) for 5 days, followed by exclusive enteral feeding with bovine milk until day 26 (weaning age). Intestinal structure, function, microbiome, DNA methylome and gene expressions were compared between preterm and term pigs on day 0, 5 and 26 (n=8 in each group). At birth, the intestine of preterm pigs showed villus atrophy and global hypermethylation, affecting genes related to the Wnt signaling pathway. Hypermethylation-associated lowered expression of lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) and genes related to the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) pathway were evident during the first 5 days of life, but most early methylation differences disappeared by day 26. Regardless, sucrase and maltase activities (adult-type brush border enzymes) remained reduced and the gut microbiota altered (fewer Akkermansia, more Lachnoclostridia and Lactobacilli) until day 26 in preterm pigs. During the 0-5 day period, many new preterm-term methylation differences appeared, but mainly when no enteral feed was provided (TPN feeding).These methylation differences affected intestinal genes related to cell metabolism, including increased GCK (glucokinase) expression via promoter hypomethylation. In conclusion, the immature intestine has a remarkable capacity to adapt its gene methylation and expression after preterm birth and only few preterm-related defects persisted until weaning. Early enteral feeding may be important to stimulate the methylation reprogramming of intestinal genes, allowing rapid intestinal adaptation to preterm birth.
Review of: The King James Version at 400: Assessing Its Genius as Bible Translation and Its Literary Influence, eds. David G. Burke, John F. Kutsko, Philip H. Towner

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The King James Version at 400: Assessing Its Genius as Bible Translation and Its Literary Influence. David G. Burke, John F. Kutsko, and Philip H. Towner, eds. Atlanta: Society of Biblical Literature, 2013. xxv + 553 pp. Reviewed by Freddy Boswell.
Fixed dose rate (FDR) gemcitabine (G) and capecitabine (C) in patients with metastatic biliary tract cancer (BTC): Final results of phase II trial

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

e15510 Background: The combination of fixed dose rate (FDR) gemcitabine (C) and capecitabine (G) has been demonstrated to be well tolerated in patients with advanced cancers. To determine the activity and safety of this combination in metastatic metastatic biliary tract cancer patients, a phase II trial was conducted. Methods: Patients with unresectable BTC who had pathologically confirmed adenocarcinoma, no prior chemotherapy, ECOG PS < 2 and measurable disease were enrolled. Treatment consisted of FDR G at 800 mg/m(2) infused in 80 minutes on days 1 and 8 every 21 days with C administered orally bid in equal doses (650 mg/m 2 bid) for 14 days (28 doses). Results: Between Feb 2005 and Sept 2008, 30 pts were enrolled. Median age was 67 (45–86) with 14 males. 30 pts were evaluable for response and toxicity. A total of 219 cycles were administered (median, 8; range, 2–16). One patient achieved CR and 8 pts achieved PR giving an overall response rate of 30.0% in intention-to-treat population (95% CI, 19.2–42.6%). And 11 pts (36.6%) had stable disease. The median time to progression of all patients was 7.4 months (mo) (95% CI, 3.2–19.5). The median overall survival was 15.3 mo (95% CI, 4.6–27.9). Grade 3/4 neutropenia and thrombocytopenia were noted in 13.3% and 6.6% of the pts, respectively. Grade 2/3 non-hematologic toxicities were asthenia (50.0 % of pts), diarrhea (16.6%), stomatitis (23.3%) and hand-foot syndrome (6.6%). There was no treatment-related death. Gemcitabine was skipped at least once/reduced in 20%/15% of the patients, respectively. Capecitabine was skipped at least once/reduced in 20%/25% of the patients, respectively. Conclusions: The combination of FDR gemcitabine and capecitabine in this three week cycle is safe and seems to have advantages in activity over other regimens in advanced biliary cancer. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Dynamic Factors Affecting Gaseous Ligand Binding in an Artificial Oxygen Transport Protein

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

We report the functional analysis of an artificial hexacoordinate oxygen transport protein, HP7, which operates via a mechanism similar to that of human neuroglobin and cytoglobin: the destabilization of one of two heme-ligating histidine residues. In the case of HP7, this is the result of the coupling of histidine side chain ligation with the burial of three charged glutamate residues on the same helix. Here we compare gaseous ligand binding, including rates, affinities, and oxyferrous state lifetimes, of both heme binding sites in HP7. We find that despite the identical sequence of helices in both binding sites, there are differences in oxygen affinity and oxyferrous state lifetime that may be the result of differences in the freedom of motion imposed by the candelabra fold on the two sites of the protein. We further examine the effect of mutational removal of the buried glutamates on function. Heme iron in the ferrous state of this mutant is rapidly oxidized when exposed to oxygen. Compared to that of HP7, the distal histidine affinity is increased by a 22-fold decrease in the histidine ligand off rate. Electron paramagnetic resonance comparison of these ferric hemoproteins demonstrates that the mutation increases the level of disorder at the heme binding site. Nuclear magnetic resonance-detected deuterium exchange demonstrates that the mutation greatly increases the degree of penetration of water into the protein core. The inability of the mutant protein to bind oxygen may be due to an increased level of water penetration, the large decrease in binding rate caused by the increase in distal histidine affinity, or a combination of the two factors. Together, these data underline the importance of the control of protein dynamics in the design of functional artificial proteins.
Coexistence of cardiac sarcoidosis and arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy-associated genetic variants: a multicentre case-control study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND Cardiac sarcoidosis (CS) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterised by non-caseating granulomas, while arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM) is a genetic condition mainly affecting desmosomal proteins. The coexistence of CS and genetic variants associated with ACM is not well understood, creating challenges in diagnosis and management. This study aimed to describe the clinical, imaging and genetic features of patients with both conditions. METHODS This was a multicentre retrospective case-control study involving three groups of patients: those with biopsy-proven CS and pathogenic or likely pathogenic genetic variants linked to ACM (n=5); patients with genetic variants but no CS (n=5); and patients with CS without genetic variants (n=5). Clinical data, including symptoms, electrocardiographic findings and imaging results from echocardiography, cardiac magnetic resonance and positron-emission tomography, were analysed. RESULTS Patients with CS and genetic variants were more likely to exhibit atrioventricular block (100%), PR prolongation (204 ms vs 160 ms) and paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (80%) compared with those with genetic variants alone (0% for both). Imaging findings showed a higher prevalence of septal involvement in patients with both conditions (80%) than in those with genetic variants alone (20%). No significant differences were observed between patients with CS and genetic variants and those with CS without genetic variants. The genetic variants identified included variants in PKP2 (40%), DSG2 (20%), DSP (20%) and TTN (20%). CONCLUSIONS The coexistence of CS and ACM-associated genetic variants is associated with distinct clinical features, including PR prolongation, AVB1°, septal involvement and paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. These findings emphasise the need to evaluate for CS in individuals with ACM and associated genetic variants who present with conduction abnormalities or septal involvement, guiding tailored diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
Nintendo Wii™ Versus Xbox Kinect™ for Assisting People With Parkinson's Disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This study investigated changes in motor and cognitive skills, anxiety levels, and quality of life perception among patients with Parkinson's Disease (PD) following training with different commercial gaming devices—Nintendo Wii™ and Xbox Kinect™. We used a quasi-experimental, simple blinded clinical trial, dividing 27 patients with PD into three equal groups of nine members: (a) Nintendo Wii™, (b) Xbox Kinect™, and (c) control group. After pretests, experimental group participants spent 10 sessions playing four games of the selected gaming device, while control group participants received no intervention. Only those engaged with the Nintendo Wii™ significantly improved their performance on single and dual task gait tests, decreased anxiety levels, and improved memory, attention, and reversibility. The control group showed no changes on any measures.
The characteristics of laboratory analysis for primary immunodeficiency diseases in children

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To characterized the laboratory analyses in primary immunodeficiency diseases(PID)in children,to provide better approach to early diagnosis.Methods Cellular and humoral immune functions were measured among 76 patients with PID.Results In aspects of humoral immune function tests,the level of IgG was lower in patients with common variable immunodeficiency(CVID)or severe combined immunodeficiency disease(SCID),especially in patients with CVID accompanying by low level of IgA and decreased count of CD19+ B cells.Low level of IgA were also observed in patients with CVID,selective IgA deficiency or AT.Patients with hypogammaglobulinemia had low level of IgG,IgA and decreased count of CD19+B cells.In aspects of cellular immune function,decreased count of CD3+ and CD4+ T was seen in SCID and DGS.Low ratio of CD4+/CD8+ was found in AT.The subset of T cells and activation cell marker in T cells were evaluated in eight patients with CVID,among whom five patients had inversed CD4+/CD8+ ratio(CD4+/CD8+ 0.9).Furthermore,the percentage of CD4+HLA-DR+ and CD8+CD45RO+ T cells in patients with CVID were higher than normal control while the percentage of CD4+CD45RA+ T was lower than normal control(P 0.01).Conclusions Different kind of PID showed different laboratory characteristics.Over-activation of T cells may be a cause of autoimmune disorder in CVID.
Professional Aphasia Care Trusting the Patient's Competence while Facing Existential Issues

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Aims and objectives. The aim of this study was to complement 'expert' knowledge about speech-language therapy by studying the phenomenon of professional aphasia care from the patient's perspective. Background. The methods for assisting patients with aphasia have mainly been based on speech language therapy with methods for training language. However, the effectiveness of mereley training has not been conclusively proven. In this study, it was assumed that patients with impaired use of language require professional caring interventions as a base for training. Design. A phenomenological approach was used to gain understanding of patients' lived experiences of professional aphasia care. Method. Data consisted of eight in-depth interviews, four follow-up interviews, two notes from diaries and two biographies. Data were analysed according to a descriptive phenomenological method. Results. The essential meaning of the phenomenon was: trusting the patient's competence while facing existential issues. To enhance understanding, the essential meaning was specified in terms of the following constituents: preventing isolation, straightforwardness, provision of security, recognition of caring needs, encouraging efforts to practise language, equality and supporting maintenance of identity. Conclusions. This study adds to the knowledge about speech-language therapy that professional aphasia care presupposes a secure base and a carer who recognises and trusts the patient's ability to think and communicate. Relevance to clinical practice. Implications for clinical practice are outlined under the following main headings, a secure caring base, encourage a fighting spirit and expressions of feelings, facilitate communication, try to understand the patient's existential situation and enable patients to recognise that their self-image derives from the painful experience of losing the world of symbols. Inside is the same person and carers should make it clear that they are aware of that.
Perception of Spousal Support during Pregnancy, Nausea-Vomiting Experienced during Early Pregnancy andRelated Factors: A Cross-Sectional Study

Field: Nursing (Health Sciences)

Objective: In this study, the effect of the perception of spousal support during pregnancy on nausea-vomiting experienced during early pregnancy was investigated. In addition, some factors that may be related to the perception of spousal support during pregnancy and nausea-vomiting experienced during early pregnancy were examined. Material and Methods: The study was cross-sectional. The study was conducted in the outpatient clinic of the gynecology and obstetrics department of a university hospital located in the Central Anatolia region of Türkiye. The sample of the study consisted of 308 pregnant women who came to the gynecology and obstetrics department of the hospital where the study was carried out for examination, were between the 4th-16th gestational weeks, were 19 years of age or older, married and living with their spouses. Data were collected using the Personal Information Form, Pregnancy-Unique Quantification of Emesis (PUQE24) Scale and Perception of Spousal Support in Pregnancy Scale (PSSPS). Results: The mean age of pregnant women was 27.0±4.2 years. PSSPS total and subscale scores did not differ statistically among PUQE-24 Scale groups (p>0.05). There was a statistically significant difference between income status, duration of marriage, number of living children, pregnancy with assisted reproductive techniques and PSSPS total scores (p0.05). Conclusion: It was found that the perception of spousal support during pregnancy had no effect on mild, moderate or severe nausea-vomiting experienced during early pregnancy. In addition, it was determined whether some factors were related to the perception of spousal support during pregnancy and the nausea-vomiting experienced during early pregnancy. In line with the results obtained from this research, it is important for nurses to inform, provide counseling and plan appropriate interventions on the subject.
Electrical Properties of GaSbGa2Te3 and GaSbGaTe Solid Solutions

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Measurements are made of the Hall coefficient, electrical conductivity and thermoelectric power of GaSbGa 2 Te 3 and GaSbGaTe solid solutions as functions of composition and temperature in the range 100 to 550 °K. It is shown that the maximum electron concentration and electrical conductivity are less in the first case due to considerable distortion of the lattice periodicity by the GaTe. A decrease of Hall mobility is observed as the composition is varied and this is attributed to electron scattering by the disordered alloy structure. The mobility varies with temperature approximately as T −1 at high temperatures. This law fails for T < 290 °K due to the electron gas becoming degenerate. The electrons appear to be dominantly scattered by the acoustic lattice vibrations over the temperature range considered.
Validity of Electronic Module Based on Process Oriented Guided Inquiry Learning (POGIL) Model to Train Students' Science Process Skills

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The research aimed to validate the electronic module (e-module) based on the process oriented guided inquiry learning (POGIL) model on the topic of Vibrations, Waves, and Sounds in junior high school. The e-module developed was expected to help students learn independently and practice the science process skills. The research method was a research and development in accordance with the Plomp (2013) model. There were three validation components in the developed e-module\, i.e.: material, pedagogical, and media validation. This e-module has been validated based on the average assessment score given by the validators. The validation results of the material, pedagogical, and media were in a very valid category, with a percentage of 91.6%, 88.9%, and 89.8%, respectively. In short, the developed e-module produced excellent assessment results. Moreover, it was feasible for use in the science learning process of junior high school and can train students' science process skills
Why governance will make urban design and planning better: Dealing with the communicative turn in urban planning and design

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

NUL - New Urban Languages Conference Proceedings: Re-imaging the City after the Knowledge Based Turn, Milan, Italy, 19-21 June 2013 - Designing and planning cities are profoundly political activities. There are no purely value-free or ‘technical’ solutions to urban problems: all decisions in urban development are political decisions insofar they must involve choice, negotiation, friction and divergence and occasionally agreement that enables action. The figure of the neutral and unbiased planner or designer who has ready-made solutions for urban problems is a fallacy. In this article, I explore the concept of governance and its implications for urban planners and designers, enabling them to connect spatial strategies and designs to an understanding of the political economy of places. This ought to enable spatial planners and designers to assign specific roles to different stakeholders involved in specific plans, projects and interventions, hence improving the suitability of their proposals, increasing support and facilitating implementation. But this is not enough: I also argue that planners and designers must reach out to different types of knowledge and get away from their own expert communities in order to gather relevant knowledge that will allow them to perform their tasks better. Including non-expert knowledge in planning and designing processes helps produce more relevant, valid knowledge and counteracts what Foucault called the exclusive discourses of the expert agents. Expert discourses are an integral part of existing structures of power (and sometimes, of oppression). They muffle non-expert voices that are outside power structures and often cannot find channels to be heard. When heard, they are often disqualified. By constructing knowledge in a networked way, including ‘nonexpert’ voices, planners and designers could escape excessively one-sided or biased positions, hence making their proposals more relevant and realistic. In order to do that, they must not only understand governance structures, but must also be able to design new structures where different actors are included in decision-making processes.