jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Consolidation of Specific Items of Financial Statements of Company Group: Principles, Conditions and Features

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The impact of the adequacy of the application of the basic principles, conditions and order of consolidation by a company group, to ensure the reliability of the most specific items of financial statements, is considered as a subject matter of internal and external auditors. The components of the consolidated financial statements, its structural elements, specific items and a set of necessary disclosures in the notes are distinguished on the basis of comparative analysis. The conditions for the parent company’s control as an investor over the activities of its subsidiaries as an investee for the purpose of applying the consolidation procedure are systematized. The prerequisites for ensuring the reliability of the consolidated reporting information are generalized. The characteristics of these prerequisites are given in view of the parent company’s ownership of a certain share of the net assets of the subsidiaries at the reporting date and its investments in the subsidiaries during the reporting year with their inclusion in the book value. The necessary emphasis is placed on the proper disclosure of information about all subsidiaries in accordance with the principles of financial reporting. The subject area of internal and external audit is analyzed with focus on the most specific items of the consolidated financial statements: uncontrolled interest, goodwill and intra-group transactions. The factors for minimizing the risk of distortion at the level of individual articles and the consolidated financial statements of a company group as a whole are identified. The instruments of ensuring the proper degree of completeness and reliability of disclosure in the consolidated statements of a company group in accordance with the requirements of international financial reporting standards are considered. In particular, the specificity of the disclosure of the influence of related parties on the profit, loss and financial position of the group is discussed. The pragmatic value of disclosures is determined in view of providing users with consolidated financial statements that are transparent and relevant to economic decision making.
Investigating the Impact of Integration the Saudi Code of Energy Conservation with the Solar PV Systems in Residential Buildings

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

The demand for air conditioning is increasing day by day in the world’s hot and humid climate areas. Energy conservation in buildings can play a vital role in meeting this high cooling demand. This paper attempts to consider the impacts of energy efficiency and renewable energy measures on the energy demand of Saudi Arabia’s residential buildings. The energy analysis and economic feasibility analysis of thermal insulations are performed in this paper by investigating the effect of residential buildings’ thermal insulations on the economic feasibility of grid-connected photovoltaic systems. This was the combined effort of building owners and government, and buildings were examined if a photovoltaic system and thermal insulation were used. The study was conducted in the three climate zones in Saudi Arabia. The results showed that the building base case’s annual electrical energy consumption in Riyadh city was 67,095 kWh, Hail 57,373 kWh, and Abha 26,799 kWh. For the basic case-building in Riyadh, 69% of the total electrical energy was used for cooling and heating. Applying the Saudi Building Code requirement for Riyadh will provide only 18% of the total energy used for cooling and heating. RETScreen 6.1 software was used to design a photovoltaic system; the analysis was done using technical and economic indicators. The annual yield factor for Riyadh, Hail, and Abha was 1649 kWh/kWp/year, 1711 kWh/kWp/year, and 1765 kWh/kWp/year, respectively. The capacity factors for Riyadh, Hail, and Abha were 18.8%, 19.5%, and 20.1%, respectively. The Unified photovoltaic Levelized energy costs were 0.031, 0.030, and 0.029 $/kWh for Riyadh, Hail, and Abha, respectively. Finally, the Net Present Value and greenhouse gas emissions reduction have been estimated.
An information theory approach to linking neuronal and behavioral temporal precision reveals sparse encoding and decoding underlying a rapid perceptual judgment

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

A major challenge in understanding the neuronal mechanisms of cognition and perception is the possibility that a pattern or locus of neuronal activity may be correlated with a particular task, but not directly responsible for its execution. One approach is to simultaneously measure physiology and behavior in reaction time tasks. However, because neurons even in higher areas such as inferotemporal cortex have response latencies shorter than the fastest reaction times seen in perceptual tasks (∼150–200 ms), mean reaction time measures do not strongly constrain underlying physiological mechanisms. Moreover, reaction time distributions can be strongly affected by task or subject biases. Here we focus on measurements of behavioral performance that can place stronger constraints on physiological mechanisms: temporal precision and reliability. We quantify these measures by applying information theory to contingency tables between behavior and stimulus constructed at a variety of temporal resolutions and delays. The method integrates aspects of behavior that are traditionally considered separately: performance (% correct) and response timing. By applying this methodology to behavioral models based on the dynamics of a decision variable, including both diffusion and temporal probability summation, we find that the method's measures of dynamics are less susceptible to noise than traditional reaction time metrics. Finally, we demonstrate that the same methodology can also measure the precision of neuronal discharge. In particular, we analyzed the relationship of brief epochs of activity in area MT to both sensory events (encoding information rate) and behavioral choices (decoding information rate) during a rapid motion detection task. For this task, we find that the reliability of individual neurons over tens of milliseconds is nearly sufficient to explain behavioral performance. Thus, a consideration of temporal precision suggests cognitive tasks do not require extensive pooling of neuronal activity over either space or time.
THE USE AND MISUSE OF THYROID HORMONE IN PEDIATRIC PRACTICE

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

THYROID PREPARATIONS constitute the most widely employed hormonal agents in pediatric practice today with the possible exception of the steroids. The available forms of this hormone for therapeutic use and the indications for its employment merit reconsideration. Desiccated thyroid U.S.P. is a relatively crude extract of animal glands and is the least expensive preparation on the market. In the United States the employment of the hormone in this form has been generally satisfactory although on rare occasions there have been reports of inadequate potency. The dosage of desiccated thyroid is based upon the weight of the standard preparation and standardization is officially prescribed according to the iodine content of the extract rather than the quantity of specific active hormone per unit weight. Certain extracts of the animal thyroid gland are more highly purified than the U.S.P. standard, but it is doubtful that they represent any major advantage and their cost is considerably greater. With the availability of synthetic 1-thyroxine there has been a tendency to favor this chemically pure hormone in pediatric practice and although its cost is greater than the crude preparation it is hardly to be considered an expensive drug. A still more active hormone of the thyroid gland available in pure form is 1-triiodothyronine but to date there is no proof that this last compound has any basic superiority in the treatment of most appropriate conditions. It would seem, therefore, that the choice lies between desiccated thyroid, U.S.P., and 1-thyroxine. The relative potency of these two substances is such that 60 mgm of the former is equivalent to 0.1 mgm of the latter.
Supplementary Figure 2 from Novel Mechanism of MDA-7/IL-24 Cancer-Specific Apoptosis through SARI Induction

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

<p>PDF file - 255K, S2. siRNA-mediated silencing of IL-20R2 or IL-22R receptor pairs in DU-145 and HO-1 cells.</p>
Abstract TP92: Dynamic Digital Subtraction Angiography With Rotation of Head and Neck May Serve as Critical Imaging Modality and Temporary Use of Cervical Collar in Addition to Anti-Platelet Therapy May Prevent Stroke in Cases of Acute Cervical Vertebral Artery Dissection (CVAD)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: The AHA/ASA have published a statement on the CVAD in 2014 in which a variety of imaging modalities that are performed with the head in neutral position are discussed and pharmacological and endovascular treatment of CVAD is reviewed. The authors have performed a prospective study of 12 patients with acute spontaneous CVAD from 2012 to 2019 who developed angiographic worsening stenosis or occlusion of the dissected VA associated with rotation of the head and cervical collar was added to the anti-platelet therapy. Methods: From 2012 to 2019, we performed a prospective study of 12 consecutive patients with spontaneous acute CVAD. We reviewed initial and follow-up clinical data and dynamic catheter cerebral angiogram with the patient’s head and neck in the straight neutral position and the head turned to the right and left beyond 60 degrees. Results: A total of 12 patients (Age 41.8 +/- 9.8; M=8, F=4) presented with acute stroke or TIA due to a total of 12 CVAD at the level of V1 (N=1), V2 (N=2), V3 (N=5), V4 (N= 2), V2-3 (N=2) segments diagnosed by cerebral angiogram. Initial mRS and NIHSS scores on admission were 3 +/-0.5 and 1.5 +/- 1.9, respectively. Dynamic cerebral angiogram performed with the patient’s head in neutral position showed average stenosis of 71.6 % +/- 18.9. Symptomatic occlusion or worsening stenosis of the dissected VA was observed on dynamic cerebral angiogram with rotation of the head to the contra-lateral side in 10 of 12 patients (83%). All patients were treated with daily Aspirin and Plavix for at least 3 months and placed on a cervical collar for 1 month. A follow-up dynamic cerebral angiogram at 1.8 +/- 1.4 months showed resolution of rotational occlusion or worsening stenosis of the VA. Clinical follow-up evaluation at 13.1+/- 10.9 months showed mRS score of 0.9+/- 1.0 and NIHSS score of 0.4 +/- 0.7 with no recurrent stroke. Conclusion: Dynamic cerebral angiogram may be critical in diagnosing rotational occlusion or stenosis of the dissected VA in patients with acute CVAD. Traditional imaging of the head and neck in neutral position may fail to diagnose adverse effect of rotation of the head and neck in these patients. Temporary use of cervical collar to prevent rotation of the head in the acute period of CVAD should be considered.
Ruthenium Carbene Complexes Featuring a Tridentate\nPincer-type Ligand

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Ruthenium carbene complexes featuring the bulky tridentate <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>‘-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-2,6-pyridinedicarboxamido pincer-type ligand and different stabilizing phosphine ligands\nwere synthesized and characterized. Preliminary results for the application to ring-closing\nmetathesis show low activity for the cyclization of 1,7-octadiene with benzylidene(triphenylphosphine)[<i>N</i>,<i>N</i>‘-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-2,6-pyridinedicarboxamido-κ<sup>3</sup><i>O</i>,<i>N</i>,<i>O</i>/<i>O</i>,<i>N</i>,<i>N</i>]ruthenium(II) (<b>4a,b</b>). Benzylidene(tricyclohexylphosphine)[<i>N</i>,<i>N</i>‘-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-2,6-pyridinedicarboxamido-κ<sup>3</sup><i>O</i>,<i>N</i>,<i>O</i>]ruthenium(II) (<b>5</b>) successfully transformed 1,7-octadiene\nto cyclohexene and ethylene in good yields at room temperature or 80 °C.
LHD NB3arm #195291.1

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The neutral beam (NB) shine-through profile is routinely monitored on the Large Helical Device (LHD) both to calibrate the port-through power of the NB and to evaluate the NB-deposition power to LHD plasmas. The profile is measured with a calorimeter (CM) array on an armor plate of the NB counter wall inside the LHD vacuum vessel.
Lateral Semicircular Canal Occlusion, Saccus Decompression And Cochlear Implantation: A New Approach For Refractory Menière's Disease And Functional Deafness

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

For decompensated vestibular symptoms in cases of Menière's disease and single-sided functional deafness the combination of vestibular surgery and cochlear implantation can be reasonable approach. The objective of this study was the investigation of the success of a lateral semicircular canal occlusion with saccus decompression and cochlear implantation.
Australian guideline on prevention of foot ulceration: part of the 2021 Australian evidence-based guidelines for diabetes-related foot disease

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: There are no current Australian guidelines on the prevention of diabetes-related foot ulceration (DFU). A national expert panel aimed to systematically identify and adapt suitable international guidelines to the Australian context to create new Australian evidence-based guidelines on prevention of first-ever and/or recurrent DFU. These guidelines will include for the first-time considerations for rural and remote, and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples. Methods: The National Health and Medical Research Council procedures were followed to adapt suitable international guidelines on DFU prevention to the Australian health context. This included a search of public databases after which the International Working Group on the Diabetic Foot (IWGDF) prevention guideline was deemed the most appropriate for adaptation. The 16 IWGDF prevention recommendations were assessed using the ADAPTE and GRADE systems to decide if they should be adopted, adapted or excluded for the new Australian guideline. The quality of evidence and strength of recommendation ratings were re-evaluated with reference to the Australian context. This guideline underwent public consultation, further revision, and approval by national peak bodies. Results: Of the 16 original IWGDF prevention recommendations, nine were adopted, six were adapted and one was excluded. It is recommended that all people at increased risk of DFU are assessed at intervals corresponding to the IWGDF risk ratings. For those at increased risk, structured education about appropriate foot protection, inspection, footwear, weight-bearing activities, and foot self-care is recommended. Prescription of orthotic interventions and/or medical grade footwear, providing integrated foot care, and self-monitoring of foot skin temperatures (contingent on validated, user-friendly and affordable systems becoming available in Australia) may also assist in preventing DFU. If the above recommended non-surgical treatment fails, the use of various surgical interventions for the prevention of DFU can be considered. Conclusions: This new Australian evidence-based guideline on prevention of DFU, endorsed by 10 national peak bodies, provides specific recommendations for relevant health professionals and consumers in the Australian context to prevent DFU. Following these recommendations should achieve better DFU prevention outcomes in Australia.
Variations of pterygium prevalence by age, gender and geographic characteristics in China: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background Pterygium is a common chronic ophthalmic condition, which may result in significant visual morbidity or lead to blindness in extreme cases. The prevalence of pterygium in China has not been reported at the sub-national level. Methods In this study, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the prevalence of pterygium in China. China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang, Chinese Biomedicine Literature Database (CBM-SinoMed), PubMed, Embase and Medline were searched before September 2016. We performed a multilevel mixed-effect meta-regression based on the included studies, our results showed that age, gender and latitude were significantly associated with pterygium prevalence. Based on the final model, the age and gender-specific prevalence of pterygium in 31 Chinese provinces (except Hongkong, Macau and Taiwan) and the whole country was generated. Results In 2010, the overall prevalence of pterygium in Chinese people aged 15–84 years was 9.84% (95% CI: 6.72–14.14), and the number of pterygium cases in China was 108.65 million (95% CI: 74.23–156.13). Conclusions In conclusion, the prevalence of pterygium in Chinese population in 2010 was estimated at both the national and provincial levels. The higher burden of pterygium across the country calls for efforts to advocate public health education encouraging people to take appropriate protective measures.
Raman amplification of short laser pulses

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

. In the linear regime, the Langmuir waves left behind the pulse interact with the pump and the result is a broad pulse, filling the entire region between its starting point and its leading edge. The peak lies approximately in the middle of this region, and so moves at a speed of around c/2. However, Malkin et al. [2] have shown that there is a nonlinear solution of the appropriate equations representing a self-similar pulse. The amplitude of this is proportional to the distance travelled while the width is inversely proportional to the distance travelled. The energy of the pulse thus increases linearly with distance travelled and energy is fed into it from the pump at a constant rate. The pump is totally depleted by the pulse, so there is no downstream excitation. Recently Ersfeld and Jaroszynski [4] have shown that similar scaling (superradiance) can be obtained in the linear regime if the pump frequency is appropriately chirped. In this case the frequency mismatch downstream inhibits the growth of the pulse. Our purpose here to show that these various regimes can be brought together within a unified description, so that the transition from linear to nonlinear behaviour can be studied as well as the combined effects of nonlinearity and a chirped pulse. We also present some preliminary results showing how the self-similar solution outlined in the first part of this paper is related to more general solutions. The self-similar solution Raman scattering is a three wave interaction process in which the highest frequency wave, the pump, gives energy to a lower frequency pulse and a Langmuir wave. We treat a simple one dimensional system for which the equations describing the evolution of the pulse, the pump and the Langmuir wave amplitudes can be written in the familiar form
Software Project Quality Evaluation Model for Web Application

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Quality is a major challenge throughout software projects, it is important to analyze and assess quality of a software project.Regular quality measurement is key when it comes to running a successful project.This paper presents a quantitative quality evaluation model of software project for Web application.This model uses Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), Fuzzy Mathematical theory and expert method to constrain quality metrics with respect.This model provides the weights of quality characteristics and sub-characteristics using analytic hierarchical process technique, which is on the basis of summering and analysis of historical test data for Web application.The experimental results indicate that this approach is effective for software project quality evaluation and can get good estimates.
How does the dGEMRIC index change after surgical treatment for FAI – Preliminary data of a prospective comparative longitudinal single center study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives: Delayed gadolinium enhanced MRI of cartilage (dGEMRIC) is a novel MRI-based technique with intravenous contrast agent that allows an objective quantification of biochemical cartilage properties. It enables a 'monitoring' of the loss of cartilage glycosaminoglycan content which [for full text, please go to the a.m. URL]
Acute Inversion of the Urinary Bladder in Labour

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Medical MemorandaMEDIBuR 991was 429 mg./100 ml., with no serum turbidity.The patient was placed on a low-cholesterol diet together with maize-oil supplements, and a month later was started on Atromid 0.5 g. t.d.s.The lesions began to regress, and by January 1964 had almost disappeared (Fig. 4).Cholesterol values during this time, however, remained elevated (260-358 mg./100 ml.).Once again, no side-effects were observed.COMMENT Disappearance of xanthomatous deposits from the skin makes one hopeful that similar deposits in the arterial wall may regress and that atheroma may be prevented or postponed.Up to the present the best therapy has probably been the replacement of the normal dietary fats by an unsaturated fat, corn oil (Jepson, 1961).In his series regression of xanthoma tuberosum was seen in six of nine patients, and of xanthoma tendinosum in seven of 12 patients.Significant depression of blood cholesterol, phospholipids, and plasma turbidity was also obtained.Corn-oil foods are, however, expensive and there is a danger that this regimen, which m'ust presumably be lifelong, may be abandoned.It is possible that therapy with Atromid is equally or more effective; it can be carried out without dietary restric- tion and is simple and safe.Xanthomata underwent remarkable regression in our two patients, and in Harrison and Goldberg's patient (1963), but were unaffected in the seven patients treated by Jepson and James (1963).It is clear, therefore, that further trials are needed.
Small Business Innovation Research: Agencies Need to Strengthen Efforts to Improve the Completeness, Consistency, and Accuracy of Awards Data

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) program was created to increase the use of small businesses to meet federal research needs and commercialize the results of this research. To monitor the program, the Small Business Administration (SBA) requires participating agencies to provide, in a standard format, specific data on all SBIR awards they make. SBA then compiles these data into a database known as Tech-Net. Congress also required SBA to create, by 2001, a restricted and more comprehensive database that would provide information for government agencies to use in evaluating the program. GAO was asked to identify the following: (1) the types of data that agencies report to the SBA for inclusion in the Tech-Net database, (2) the extent to which these data are provided in a standard format, (3) the extent to which the SBA has established the government-use database, and (4) the extent to which SBIR agencies have developed and implemented techniques to track the commercialization of SBIR projects. GAO reviewed 8 of the 11 agencies participating in SBIR. Participating agencies submit most of the information required by SBA, but they are not consistently providing all required data elements, including the number of employees in the firm, and gender and socioeconomic status of the award recipient, resulting in incomplete sections in the database. SBA is 5 years behind schedule in meeting the congressional mandate to implement a restricted government-use database for the SBIR program. SBA had planned to meet this requirement by expanding its Tech-Net database to include a government-restricted section. SBA officials attribute the delay to increased security requirements, agency management changes, and budgetary constraints. GAO recommends that SBA and SBIR participating agencies work together to improve the quality of the data in SBA's Tech-Net database. SBA and the SBIR participating agencies included in this report generally agreed with GAO's recommendation.