jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Exploring the therapeutic potential of autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in progressive multiple sclerosis—a systematic review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background and Purpose The aim was to determine the value of autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (aHSCT) as a therapeutic intervention for progressive multiple sclerosis (PMS) based on a systematic review of the current literature. Methods All studies from the databases PubMed and Google Scholar published in English before February 2024 which provided individual data for PMS patients were systematically reviewed. PICO was defined as population (P), primary progressive MS and secondary progressive MS patients; intervention (I), treatment with aHSCT; comparison (C), none, disease‐modifying therapy treated/relapsing–remitting MS cohorts if available; outcome (O), transplant‐related mortality, progression‐free survival (PFS) and no evidence of disease activity. Results A total of 15 studies met the criteria including 665 patients with PMS (74 primary progressive MS, 591 secondary progressive MS) and 801 patients with relapsing–remitting MS as controls. PFS data were available for 647 patients. PMS patients showed more severe disability at baseline than relapsing–remitting MS patients. The average transplant‐related mortality for PMS in 10 studies was 1.9%, with 10 deaths in 528 patients. PFS ranged from 0% to 78% in PMS groups 5 years after treatment initiation, demonstrating a high variability. No evidence of disease activity scores at 5 years ranged from 0% to 75%. Conclusion Based on the available data, aHSCT does not halt progression in people with PMS. However, there appears to be evidence of improved outcome in selected patients. Due to the heterogeneity of the available data, more comprehensive clinical trials assessing the efficacy of aHSCT across different patient groups are urgently needed to reduce variability and improve patient stratification.
Beyond the Doxa

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract An old and still prevailing trend in interpreting Parmenides’ poem is to regard it as divided into two parts, with the traditional titles Alētheia and Doxa. It is possible to distinguish two principal families of interpretations among scholars: on the one hand, those that strongly assert the incompatibility between the two parts; on the other hand, those that admit a certain degree of compatibility between them. However, a more thorough analysis of the poem’s structural markers shows there to be not two but three distinct sections in the text. In the third part (fragments B10–18), the goddess no longer presents the perspective of the mortals (to whom Doxa is attributed). Still, she directly addresses the origin, nature, and works of the entities of the physical world. In this way, the positions of the incompatibilists and compatibilists can be reconciled, since they refer to two different discourses in the poem—the former to Doxa and the latter to physics. A key element in explaining the cosmos (the Diakosmos) will prove to be the concept of dunameis, which allows one to overcome the error committed by mortals (who admit a bodily duality, expressed by the notion of demas) and aligns with the theory of whole being, outlined in the first part of the poem.
Thrombolysis for Acute Pulmonary Embolism

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Venous thromboembolism (VTE), including deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE), is the third most common cardiovascular disorder in the United States after coronary artery disease and stroke. The incidence of VTE rises sharply after age of 60 years in both men and women, with PE accounting for the majority of the increase (1,2). The mortality rate for acute PE exceeds 15% in the first three months after diagnosis, surpassing that of myocardial infarction (3). Nearly 25% of patients with acute PE present with sudden death as the initial clinical manifestation (4). The majority of deaths from acute PE are due to acute right ventricular (RV) failure (5). Among those who survive acute PE, up to 4% may develop disabling chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (6).
Influence of bone conduction transducer type and placement on ocular and cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potentials

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Purpose: Evaluating the effectiveness of different bone conduction (BC) transducers with controlled coupling force to elicit cervical and ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (cVEMPs, oVEMPs) in healthy subjects by comparing response rates, amplitudes, latencies, thresholds and asymmetry ratios. Methods: Prospective experimental study including healthy participants. VEMPs were measured to different stimulation modes; the BC transducer coupling force was controlled to 5.4 (±0.5) Newton. cVEMPs: to bone conducted vibration (BCV) with the B81 transducer on the mastoid; oVEMPs: to BCV with the B81 on the mastoid, BCV with the B81 on the forehead, and BCV with the Mini-Shaker 4810 on the forehead. Air conducted sound (ACS) with insert earphones was used as reference. Results: Data of 24 normal subjects (mean age 25.3 (± 3.0) years) were analyzed. ACS and BCV with the B81on the mastoid evoked cVEMPs in 100% of ears. The highest oVEMP response rates were obtained with the B81 on the mastoid (83 – 92%), the lowest with the B81 on the forehead (17 – 22%). The Mini-Shaker elicited lower response rates (65%) compared to results from the literature without coupling force control and compared to ACS (78 – 87%). Amplitudes were higher for BCV than ACS. ACS and BCV on the mastoid caused higher asymmetry compared to BCV forehead stimulation. Conclusion: The B81 was feasible to elicit VEMPs with mastoid placement and can be used as an approved medical device to measure BCV VEMPs in a clinical set-up. Normative asymmetry values have to be established due to higher variability for mastoid stimulation.
5‘-Sulfhydryl-Modified RNA:  Initiator Synthesis, in Vitro Transcription, and Enzymatic Incorporation

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The detailed syntheses of the sulfhydryl-modified guanosine monophosphates 5'-deoxy-5'-thioguanosine-5'-monophosphorothioate (GSMP), O-[omega-sulfhydryl-tetra(ethylene glycol)]-O-(5'-guanosine) monophosphate (5'-HS-PEG4-GMP), and O-[omega-sulfhydryl-di(ethylene glycol)]-O-(5'-guanosine) monophosphate (5'-HS-PEG2-GMP) are reported. Transcription reactions employing GSMP, 5'-HS-PEG4-GMP, or 5'-HS-PEG2-GMP as the initiator nucleotide for T7 RNA polymerase introduce a thiol group at the 5'-end of RNA. The efficiency of thiol incorporation at the 5'-terminus of modified RNA compounds was assayed with three different thiol-reactive biotinylated reagents followed by streptavidin gel-shift methods. The transcription efficiency with various ratios of GTP to 5'-HS-PEG2-GMP was explored by reaction with a sulfhydryl-reactive maleimide-conjugated protein. This is an efficient method to incorporate enzymatically a thiol group into the 5'-end of RNA.
Projection based dimensionality reduction for measure valued evolution\n equations in statistical manifolds

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We propose a dimensionality reduction method for infinite-dimensional\nmeasure-valued evolution equations such as the Fokker-Planck partial\ndifferential equation or the Kushner-Stratonovich resp. Duncan-Mortensen-Zakai\nstochastic partial differential equations of nonlinear filtering, with\npotential applications to signal processing, quantitative finance, heat flows\nand quantum theory among many other areas. Our method is based on the\nprojection coming from a duality argument built in the exponential statistical\nmanifold structure developed by G. Pistone and co-authors. The choice of the\nfinite dimensional manifold on which one should project the infinite\ndimensional equation is crucial, and we propose finite dimensional exponential\nand mixture families. This same problem had been studied, especially in the\ncontext of nonlinear filtering, by D. Brigo and co-authors but the $L^2$\nstructure on the space of square roots of densities or of densities themselves\nwas used, without taking an infinite dimensional manifold environment space for\nthe equation to be projected. Here we re-examine such works from the\nexponential statistical manifold point of view, which allows for a deeper\ngeometric understanding of the manifold structures at play. We also show that\nthe projection in the exponential manifold structure is consistent with the\nFisher Rao metric and, in case of finite dimensional exponential families, with\nthe assumed density approximation. Further, we show that if the sufficient\nstatistics of the finite dimensional exponential family are chosen among the\neigenfunctions of the backward diffusion operator then the statistical-manifold\nor Fisher-Rao projection provides the maximum likelihood estimator for the\nFokker Planck equation solution. We finally try to clarify how the finite\ndimensional and infinite dimensional terminology for exponential and mixture\nspaces are related.\n
Diagnostic imaging, surgical treatment and histopathological findings of a vascular hamartoma in a 2‐year‐old horse

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Summary We describe a case of a 2‐year‐old mare that presented with a large firm swelling on the lateral aspect of the right tarsus. Diagnostic ultrasound demonstrated a fluid filled cavernous mass that was not clearly demarcated from the surrounding subcutaneous tissue. Contrast radiography with intralesional injection of contrast medium showed accumulation of the medium in the caverns of the mass and in the saphenous vein. Contrast enhanced computed tomography demonstrated 2 vascular meshes, one deep and one more superficially, closely associated with the mass. Surgical excision of the mass was performed and a vascular hamartoma was diagnosed based on histopathology. The horse showed no signs of recurrence 7 months after surgery.
Modern technical-technological solution of the plant for premix production

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Modern industrial compound feed production requires more than 50 various ingredients for feed mashes production in order to improve the nutritive value and feed utilization as well as for therapeutic and prophylactic effects. These products containing high concentration of mineral matters, vitamins, amino acids and other allowed agents are produced in the form of premixes. Modern technical-technological solution of the plant for premix production indispensable in livestock feed industry and the whole complexity of this responsible production has been shown in this paper. .
A Comprehensive Study on Supratrochlear Foramen of Human Humerus and its Clinical Significance - A Review.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The lower end of humerus has numerous fossae which play a significant role during extreme movements. Coronoid fossa and olecranon fossa are separated by a delicate supratrochlear septum; occasionally septum has perforation and form an aperture, named as Supratrochlear foramen (STF). The knowledge of this foramen will be beneficial for anatomists, anthropologists, orthopedic surgeons, and radiologists. The aim of the present study was to establish the prevalence and morphometry of STF of the humerus in South Indian population and to correlate with the previous studies. The present prospective study was carried out with 274 (146 left sided + 127 right sided) dried humeri of unknown sex and age. The distal humeri were examined for the presence of STF, morphometry such as diverse shapes, vertical and horizontal diameters, and distance from STF to medial, lateral epicondyle and also to the inferior margin of trochlea using digital vernier caliper. In the present study, out of 274 dried humeri, 69 showed presence of STF, 163 were translucent and 42 were opaque. The prevalence of STF was 25.18%. After keen observation, shapes of the STF were categorized accordingly. The oval (42%) showed higher percentage whereas the other shapes showed as follows: - irregular (12%), round (19%), rectangular (12%), reniform (9.7%), sieve (7.3%) and triangular (2%). The mean vertical and transverse diameters of STF on the right side were 3.12 ± 1.09 and 5.5 ± 1.83mm and on the left side, it was 3.47± 1.32 and 4.9± 1.5mm respectively. The mean distance from STF to medial and lateral epicondyle on the right side was 25.12± 3.1 and 28.09± 2.3mm and for the left side 24.97± 2.9mm and 27.16± 2.4mm respectively. The anatomical knowledge regarding the supratrochlear foramen is much promising for the orthopaedic surgeons during intramedullary nailing for supracondylar fracture of humerus. STF appears as a radiolucent area in radiographs, which may pose a difficulty for the radiologist in differentiating it from an osteolytic or cystic lesion. In addition, STF is predominantly found in the primates, it may act an evolutionary link between the humans and lower animals.
Museums and autism: creating an inclusive community for learning

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Museums and their academic partner, museum studies, comprise an interdisciplinary group of professionals and scholars who not only study, care for and exhibit our cultural and natural heritage, but offer progressive learning solutions and proactively work toward making positive differences for diverse populations. This chapter discusses how museums can use social learning theory and practice to provide an inclusive and effective program for learners on the autism spectrum. The model I describe here is a 'museum learning community' and the focus of my research is a group I established in 2006, known by its members as the 'Museum Learners Club' or MLC.
The formation of domains and antiphase boundaries in CuPtB – type ordered GaxIn1-xP

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The surface and the interface of CuPtB – type ordered (GaIn)P layers grown on nominally (001) GaAs by MOVPE have been investigated using TEM and AFM. By comparing the density of supersteps on the (GaIn)P surface with the density of antiphase boundaries in the ordered layers a correlation between both values was found. Thus, the antiphase boundaries are preferentially formed at supersteps of (GaIn)P and GaAs. The influence of the width of supersteps and (001) terraces and of the existence of vicinal regions on this correlation is discussed.
Study of Concrete Involving Use of Waste Glass as Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregates

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Concrete industry is one of the largest consumers of natural resources due to which sustainability of concrete industry is under threat.The environmental and economic concern is the biggest challenge concrete industry is facing.In this paper, the issues of environmental and economic concern are addressed by the use of waste glass as partial replacement of fine aggregates in concrete.Fine aggregates were replaced by waste glass powder as 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% by weight for M-25 mix.The concrete specimens were tested for compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, durability (water absorption) and density at 28 days of age and the results obtained were compared with those of normal concrete.The results concluded the permissibility of using waste glass powder as partial replacement of fine aggregates up to 30% by weight for particle size of range 0-1.18mm.
Impact of Vacancies in Monolayer $1\mathrm{T}-\text{TiTe}_{2}$ for Optoelectronic and Spintronic Applications: A First-Principles Study

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMD) monolayers have acquired enormous attraction in the field of nanophotonic & nanophotonic applications due to their distinctive physical properties. When vacancies are introduced in TMD monolayers, the resulting compounds display intriguing variations in opto-electronic and spintronic properties. In this work, the vacancy induced electronic, magnetic and optical properties of $1\mathrm{T}\text{-TiTe}_{2}$ monolayers have been investigated. Geometrical structures, spin polarized band structures, magnetism, contribution from differ-ent orbitals, Bader charge analysis, dynamic stability, dielectric functions, and absorption coefficients of defective $1\mathrm{T}\text{-TiTe}_{2}$ have been evaluated using density-functional theory (DFT) calculations. This investigation disclosed that metallic to semiconducting phase transition occurred due to vacancy. Total magnetization increased notably with introducing vacancy in $1\mathrm{T}\text{-TiTe}_{2}$ . Defective $1\mathrm{T}\text{-TiTe}_{2}$ retained their dynamic stability. Moreover, the high optical absorption produced from vacancy induced $1\mathrm{T}\text{-TiTe}_{2}$ can be modulated in optoelectronic devices. The outcomes of this work illuminate the electronic, magnetic and optical features of defective $1\mathrm{T}\text{-TiTe}_{2}$ that can be favorable to design future optoelectronic and spintronic devices.
The Effectiveness of the Cognitive Behavioral Counseling Program in Reducing Psychological Stress among Mothers ofAutistic Children

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The study aimed to build a behavioral cognitive counseling program to reduce
psychological stress in a sample of mothers of autistic children, the study sample consisted
of (10) mothers in the Amman,and divided the sample into two groups equally
experimental and officer, using a scale psychological stress preparation (Elshakhs,
Saratawi, 1998) The program was applied to the experimental group only, which consisted
of (13) sessions, at the rate of two sessions per week. the results show the effectiveness of
the program in lowering the psychological pressure of the experimental group versus the
control group,the absence of statistically significant differences between the members of
the experimental group and the post in dimensional and follow-up measurement.
Reaching the Last Milestone Toward a Fully Automated Seismic Reservoir Characterization

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Summary Recent advancements in data measurement have improved the precision of seismic reservoir characterization, offering the possibility to transition from traditional human-intensive workflows to fully or semi-automated approaches, that support geoscientists to assess geophysical data rapidly. Hereafter we discuss a proposal for an automated solution encompassing the entire Seismic Reservoir Characterization workflow, focusing on the formulation of inversion priors, execution of the inversion experiment, and quality control assessment. The selected inversion method utilizes, as priors, the integration of litho-elastic depth trends and associated probabilities within a Bayesian framework. These priors are automatically computed through a rock-model-based approach that combines compaction estimation for key lithologies with a heuristic method based on elastic bounds theory. The inversion parameter optimization process is addressed by an initial exploratory phase employing random sampling and a subsequent exploitation phase using a refined tree-based regression model. This model undergoes sequential evaluations until a stable solution is attained. The provided example demonstrates that the proposed method offers a robust solution, especially beneficial in exploration scenarios. Additionally, the method establishes a foundational platform for a more detailed quantitative interpretation, concentrating on aspects that require additional geological and geophysical considerations beyond the scope of the automated scheme.
Cochlear Vascular Anatomy in A Strain of the Waltzing Guinea Pig

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The vascular anatomy of the cochlea was examined in waltzing guinea pigs from a strain with a dominant mode of inheritance. Previous investigations have shown a progressive degeneration of the hair cells, starting at birth and rendering the organ of Corti practically devoid of hair cells after 6-8 weeks. The vessels were visualized by contrast injection and a surface-specimen method. All vascular structures of the cochleae were examined in the four cochlear turns. The vascular density and vessel diameters were measured for statistical evaluation. Though the whole organ of Corti eventually disappeared, no abnormality was found in the vascular system. These findings support the view that the genetic defect in this strain of the waltzing guinea pig does not exert its effect through a deficiency of the vessels.
Current Research and Development Trends of Micro Machine Tool for Micro-cutting

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Micro-cutting technology which has a unique advantage in 3D complex parts processing is a hot spot to precision and ultra-precision manufacturing technology research. Micro-cutting machine tool as an important part in micro-cutting technology has presented a miniaturized trend and became an emphasis in current research of micro manufacturing equipment. The research status of micro machine tool for micro-cutting are systematically summarized from the aspects of machine tool bed, micro spindle unit, feed table, micro cutting tools, NC system and monitoring system. Some key technology problems are analyzed such as miniaturized machine tool bed, high speed and high rotation accuracy of micro spindle, high precision and fast response of micro table, structure and performance of micro cutting tool, openness and high precision interpolation of NC system, visual monitoring of machining process, performance of machine tool and so on. Meanwhile, feasible countermeasures toward mentioned problems are presented. The development trend of micro machine tool for micro-cutting is forecasted.
Media Competition between Singapore Press Holdings and Mediacorp between 2000 to 2004 : its impact on reporters.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The study was done to ascertain the reactions and impact of the new media environment on Singaporean journalists, when in the year 2000, the government for the first time allowed the two main media companies in Singapore to compete with each other. They allowed Singapore Press Holdings (SPH), the main newspaper publisher toruna TV station while MediaCorp, the incumbent broadcaster, was given a licence to operate a newspaper. It was a significant development in the media industry and also away for the media to remain relevant and compete against other forms of media like the Internet.
NC IMHA Holds First Annual Meeting

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

2012). This concept was illustrated through very detailed, frame-by-frame analysis of videotaped interactions between caregivers, primarily mothers, and not only infants but also toddlers, in the laboratory and in clinical situations. Take(Continued page2) The culmination of over two years of preparation and progress in the development of our organization was our first statewide meeting, held on November 9, 2012 in Greensboro. We were fortunate to have as our inaugural keynote speaker Ed Tronick, Ph.D., University Distinguished Professor at the University of Massachusetts and Harvard Medical School, and a pioneering figure in infant mental health. After an organization business meeting at lunch, we spent the afternoon in regional networking sessions, and have been collating and studying the suggestions and ideas that came out of these sessions. This article provides a very brief summary of some of these events: