jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
ERIC ED092301: Bibliography: Indians of North America, Mexican American, Negroes--Civil Rights. An Annotated List.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The annotated bibliography provides a list of books, fiction and nonfiction, for use in junior and senior high schools. Each entry is arranged alphabetically, giving author, title, publisher, copyright date, length, cost, and a recommended source. Paperback editions are indicated by "pa." The annotations help to point up the weaknesses and strengths of each book. Approximately 70 citations are given in each of the 3 sections, which cover Indians of North America; Mexican Americans; and Negroes and civil rights. (KM)
Study of the antiarrhythmic activity of linear alkoxyphenylazalkanes in the model of reperfusion arrythmias in rats

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The antiarrhythmic activity of bis-alkoxyphenyltriazaalkanes 1 and bis-alkoxyphenyldiazaalkanes 2 was analyzed in a model of reperfusion arrhythmia in rats. It was found that the key requirements for the compounds activity in this model are the use of 2,3,4 trimethoxyphenyl aromatic pharmacophores and the presence of a central nitrogen atom in the linker. The most active compounds were ALM-802 (trihydrochloride N 1 –(2,3,4-trimethoxybenzyl)-N 2 – {2-[(2,3,4-trimethoxybenzyl)amino]ethyl}-1,2-ethanediamine) and ALM-811 (N 1 -(2,3,4-trimethoxybenzyl)-N 3 -{3-[(2,3,4-trimethoxybenzyl)amino]ethyl}-1,3-propanediamine trihydrochloride), which significantly prevented the development of ventricular tachycardias and/or ventricular fibrillation.
Effects of anthropogenic disturbance on plant diversity in Yeyahu Municipal Nature Reserve of Beijing

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Species richness( S),Shannon-Wiener index( H),Simpson index( D) and Pielou evenness index( E),Jaccard index( Cj) and Srenson index( Cs) were used to study species diversity under 3 different disturbance of Yeyahu Municipal Nature Reserve in Beijing. The 3 different disturbance intensities were low interference,interference and strong interference. Among them,species richness were 83,93 and 30. It showed that the species richness in interference region was the largest,it accorded to the Intermediate Disturbance Hypothesis. The trends of diversity( H),dominance( D) and evenness( E) were substantially the same,but they had no simple relationship with species richness. Meanwhile the similarity of plant communities was basically in proportional to the total number of species. In conclusion,by comparing the species diversity of plant communities before and after the wetland restoration,it was proved that short-term recovery of the species was not obvious. The wetland protection and restoration projects had a long way to go.
Heart sounds analysis in joint time-frequency domain

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Proposes a new technique of signal processing in joint time-frequency domain as resonance time-frequency analysis for analysis of heart sounds. Generated by mechanical vibration of the heart and cardiovascular system, heart sounds provide abundant physiological information, while the measurement is noninvasive and low cost. The resonance enemy distribution defined here exhibits clearly how signal frequency contents change in time, and can be calculated by a fast algorithm. Applications of this technique to heart sounds analysis show that the frequency contents in the first heart sound S1 and the second heart sound S2 are centred mainly from 100 Hz to 130 Hz while the frequency contents in systolic "kala" murmurs mainly distribute discontinuously from 90 Hz to 210 Hz. This technique is helpful for estimation of functional heart state and diagnosis of heart diseases in clinical research.
Parallel computation of green water on a moving ship

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Green water is an important factor threatening the safety of offshore floating structures.In this paper,experimental study is conducted to investigate the green water phenomenon on a FPSO.Combined with experimental results,the large-scale parallel computation technique to reproduce the highly non-linear green water phenomenon is adopted.Through this way,the bottleneck posed by computational time is efficiently overcome.In the numerical simulation,parameters closely related to green water such as water behavior on deck,motion of the ship,impacting load,are recorded.Grid test and time step test are carried out to make sure that the solution is an accurate one.By employing the VOF method,details of the evolution of green water including water running onto the deck,water propagating on the deck,water impacting the vertical wall,wave breaking and also water spray are successfully modeled.Calculation practice shows that large-scale parallel computation technique is a highly efficient and reliable way to solve the highly non-linear problem like green water.
Investigation of Control Effectiveness and Stability Characteristics of a Model of a Low-Wing Missile with Interdigitated Tail Surfaces at Mach Numbers of 2.29, 2.97, and 3.51

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A brief investigation of the longitudinal stability and control effectiveness at supersonic speeds of a model of a low-wing missile with interdigitated tail surfaces was made in the Langley Unitary Plan wind tunnel. The data were obtained at Mach numbers M of 2.29, 2.97, and 3.51 for Reynolds number (based on the mean geometric chord of the wing) of 1.15 x 10(exp 6), 1.14 x 10(exp 6), and 1.11 x 10(exp 6), respectively. Data were obtained for three settings of the longitudinal control surfaces: with deflection of all surfaces, with deflection of the lower surfaces only, and with all surfaces undeflected. Directional stability data were obtained at M=3.51 for angles of attack of approximately 0 deg and 10 deg. These data, with summary data and typical schlieren photographs, are presented with only a brief analysis. The data indicate that the controls are effective throughout the Mach number range and lift-coefficient range (CL = -0.15 to 0.7, approximately) of the tests. There is a severe break in the pitching-moment curve at M=2.29 which might result in a pitch-up condition in flight, and also a large forward movement of the aerodynamic center with increasing Mach number that produces neutral longitudinal stability at M=3.51 for the moment center used in this investigation. The model was directionally unstable at M=3.51; however, the level of directional stability was about the same for 0 deg and 10 deg angles of attack.
Translation and cultural validation of the Revised Illness Perception Questionnaire for Healthcare Professionals for Brazilian Portuguese

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Background: Multiple sclerosis progression and disability can be rated differently by healthcare professionals. Therefore, how physicians perceive the disease can impact treatment decisions. There are no previous studies on this matter. Objective: To translate and transculturally validate the Revised Illness Perception Questionnaire for Healthcare Professionals (IPQ-R HP), for use in Brazilian Portuguese. Methods: The process used to validate the IPQ-R HP was based on the steps presented in the guide proposed by Dorcas Beaton. The final version of the IPQ-R HP had 38 questions, divided into seven different dimensions to assess the patient's disease. Also, two clinical cases that were representative of real-life patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) were assembled to consider the two main profiles of the disease. We applied the questionnaire to neurologists at the Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP) to assess their perception of MS. These doctors also answered a brief survey to establish the profile of the interviewees. For statistical analysis, we used Bayesian CFA models and kappa statistics. Conclusions: The kappa statistics showed a general agreement of 0.4. For the Bayesian CFAs with seven-factor correlation solution, we had a poor fit for case 1 with a 95% confidence interval ranging from -52.893 to 273.797 and a PPP of 0.107. Regarding case 2, the model did not converge even after 50,000 iterations, which indicated that the specified model (i.e. seven-factor correlation solution) for case 2 was inadmissible. Thus, the IPQ-R HP questionnaire in Brazilian Portuguese has not been validated.
Study on enzymatic properties of α-amylase from Bacillus subtilis UN13.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Enzymatic propert of α-amylase from the producing strain Bacillus subtilis UN13 has been studied in this article.The result shows the α-Amylase is a novel acid-stable α-amylase.Its optimum temperature is 50 ℃,and the optimum pH value is 5.5.It has strong stability in the range from 40 ℃ to 60 ℃and pH value from 5.0 to 7.5.The α-amylase was activated by Ca2+,Mn2+,but inhibited by Cu2+,Zn2+,K+ and EDTA.Its Km and Vmax to soluble starch is 1.7039 mg/mL and 3.1615 mg/min·mL.
Creating Personalized Synthetic Voices from Articulation Impaired Speech Using Augmented Reconstruction Loss

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This research is about the creation of personalized synthetic voices for head and neck cancer survivors. It is focused particularly on tongue cancer patients whose speech might exhibit severe articulation impairment. Our goal is to restore normal articulation in the synthesized speech, while maximally preserving the target speaker's individuality in terms of both the voice timbre and speaking style. This is formulated as a task of learning from noisy labels. We propose to augment the commonly used speech reconstruction loss with two additional terms. The first term constitutes a regularization loss that mitigates the impact of distorted articulation in the training speech. The second term is a consistency loss that encourages correct articulation in the generated speech. These additional loss terms are obtained from frame-level articulation scores of original and generated speech, which are derived using a separately trained phone classifier. Experimental results on a real case of tongue cancer patient confirm that the synthetic voice achieves comparable articulation quality to unimpaired natural speech, while effectively maintaining the target speaker's individuality. Audio samples are available at https://myspeechproject.github.io/ArticulationRepair/.
Interpretation and the Construction of Jerome's Authority

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract Jerome believed that the task of the commentator was to convey what others have said, not to advance his own interpretations. However, an examination of his commentaries on the Prophets shows that their contents are arranged so as to construct a powerful, but tacit, position of authority for their compiler. By juxtaposing Jewish and Greek Christian interpretations as he does, Jerome places himself in the position of arbiter over both exegetical traditions. But because he does not explicitly assert his own authority, he can maintain a stance of humility appropriate for a monk. Here, Jerome may have been a more authentic representative of the tradition of Origen than was his rival, for all that he was willing to abjure Origen's theology.
AN EVALUATION OF GROUP RAPID TRANSIT

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In personal rapid transit (PRT) systems, vehicles may be small, but relatively large numbers of them are needed. Other systems use larger vehicles (e.g., 8 to 40 seat vehicles) and permit occupancy of a vehicle by several passengers not necessarily belonging to the same party. Such systems are referred to as group rapid transit (GRT). In the eyes of the public, the quality of service offered by a GRT may be poorer than that of a PRT, with the privacy of PRT being lost. With fewer vehicles in operation in a GRT system, the delays to passengers waiting for service in stations may be longer. GRT often will force a passenger to make stops at intermediate stations between his origin and destination, thus resulting in fewer riders in the long run. This paper analyzes some tradeoffs for GRT systems.
Research on Complex Classification Algorithm of Breast Cancer Chip Based on SVM-RFE Gene Feature Screening

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Screening and classification of characteristic genes is a complex classification problem, and the characteristic sequences of gene expression show high-dimensional characteristics. How to select an effective gene screening algorithm is the main problem to be solved by analyzing gene chips. The combination of KNN, SVM, and SVM-RFE is selected to screen complex classification problems, and a new method to solve complex classification problems is provided. In the process of gene chip pretreatment, LogFC and value equivalents in the gene expression matrix are screened, and different gene features are screened, and then SVM-RFE algorithm is used to sort and screen genes. Firstly, the characteristics of gene chips are analyzed and the number between probes and genes is counted. Clustering analysis among each sample and PCA classification analysis of different samples are carried out. Secondly, the basic algorithms of SVM and KNN are tested, and the important indexes such as error rate and accuracy rate of the algorithms are tested to obtain the optimal parameters. Finally, the performance indexes of accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 of several complex classification algorithms are compared through the complex classification of SVM, KNN, KNN-PCA, SVM-PCA, SVM-RFE-SVM, and SVM-RFE-KNN at . SVM-RFE-SVM has the best classification effect and can be used as a gene chip classification algorithm to analyze the characteristics of genes.
Memory models for skill and experience

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Episodic memory is the collection of past personal experiences that occurred at a particular time and place. Episodic memory is closely tied to emotion, and it is intrinsic human behaviour to indulge in episodes of the past when being in a particular affective state. It is most common among the aged community, who often draw upon their memories for the purposes of comfort and relaxation. This project aims to digitally simulate episodic memory storage, retrieval and playback for the elderly to amplify their fading memories. Traditional database methods are unable to understand the complex relations between events and episodes and are hence unsuitable to meet the objectives of this project. Rather, this project employs EM-ART, a self- organizing neural network that closely mimics the attributes and behaviour of human episodic memory. In this way, the model is able to perform complex sequential learning tasks. The model was trained with test cases shown in appendix B for experiments, and the results from a series of test cases were evaluated. The results show that the model is able to learn complex relations between events and retrieve episodes as a chunk with imperfect or partial cues effectively and appropriately.
The Rise of Risk in Probation Work: Historical Reflections and Future Speculations

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Risk has become a major element in the practice of probation. Its rise to prominence in relation to the management of persons deemed 'at serious risk of harm' is documented in this chapter together with the impact it has had on the traditional 'advise, assist and befriend' model of probation. The author played a key role in developing and disseminating risk assessment tools. Research on Sarah's Law – the disclosure of details about people convicted of sex offences – is described; and the workings of Multi-Agency Public Protection Arrangement (MAPPA) are discussed in relation to the ongoing colonisation of probation functions by the police.
Infiltration and Pyrolysis of Polytitanocarbosilane in an Si‐Ti‐C‐O Fabric/Mullite Porous Composite

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Incorporating Si‐Ti‐C‐O fabric into a mullite matrix is expected to increase the fracture energy of mullite ceramics. The present paper describes the processing of an Si‐Ti‐C‐O fabric/mullite/polytitanocarbosilane composite. A polytitanocarbosilane (a precursor of Si‐Ti‐C‐O fiber)/xylene solution was infiltrated into a laminated porous mullite composite with 35–37 vol% fabric and thermally decomposed to an amorphous solid at 1000°C, in an argon atmosphere, to decrease the porosity and residual stress induced by the difference in thermal and mechanical properties between the Si‐Ti‐C‐O fabric and the mullite. The decrease in porosity of the composite with pyrolysis of the precursor polymer was analyzed theoretically, and those results were used to control the effective experimental parameters. The infiltration/pyrolysis process was repeated eight times to produce a composite of 90.4% theoretical density. The composite exhibited significant pseudoductility, with a fracture energy of 11.4 kJ/m 2 and a flexural strength of 290 MPa.
POTENTIAL OF THE Spatholobus littoralis AS AN ANTIBACTERIAL AND PREDICTION OF THE MECHANISM OF ACTIVITY AGAINST PBP3 RECEPTOR MODEL OF Staphylococcus aureus

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Spatholobus littoralis is a typical plant of Kalimantan, which is ethnopharmacologically used in herbal medicine. The purpose of this study was to test the activity of S. littoralis root extract against Staphylococcus aureus bacteria in vitro and to predict the mechanism of its interaction with Staphylococcus aureus penicillin-binding protein-3 (PBP-3) in silico. Extraction of S. littoralis using ethanol solvent, and continued with sequential fractionation using n-hexane, chloroform, and ethyl acetate. Antibacterial activity test against Staphylococcus aureus was carried out by agar diffusion using the Kirby-Bauer test method. The prediction of activity mechanism against the 3VSL receptor using ligands from compounds that have been found in the genus Spatholobus. Extracts and fractions of S. littoralis root have antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. Several compounds were found in the genus Spatholobus. It showed stronger binding energy than natural ligands. The compound 6-methoxyeriodictyol shows the most stable binding energy to the 3VSL receptor; the binding site of the compound is at the amino acid residues Tyr636, Lys395, and Asn 450. Thus, the roots of the S. littoralis plant have the potential to be developed as a natural antibacterial.
A structured classification of the types of pain research studies accessed by different health professionals involved in pain management

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objectives: The aim of this study was to describe the information access behaviours of clinicians involved in pain management with respect to their use of a pain evidence resource and to determine the areas of professional differences. Methods: Users (n = 258) of a free pain evidence alerting service (PAIN + ) were enrolled in this study. The users regularly received email alerts about newly published clinical articles about pain that were pre-appraised for scientific merit and clinical relevance. A sample of up to 10 abstracts retrieved by each user were retrieved and classified using a descriptive classification system to describe the types of research, pain subtypes, interventions and outcomes that were reported in the accessed studies. Frequencies and chi-square tests were performed to compare access behaviours across professions. Results: A total of 258 participants viewed 2311 abstracts. More than 52% of abstracts viewed were primary clinical studies; the majority (87%) addressed treatment effectiveness and were quantitative research (99.8%). The most commonly accessed clinical topic (58%) related to musculoskeletal pain and the most accessed pain type was chronic pain (76%). Drugs, injections and rehabilitation therapy were most commonly addressed in accessed intervention studies. Differences in professional focus were reflected in access: physicians/nurses accessed studies on injections (23%) and drugs (26%) and nurses accessed surgical studies, whereas other professions rarely did. Physiotherapists (PTs) and occupational therapists (OTs) preferentially accessed studies on rehabilitation. OTs and psychologists preferentially accessed the available studies on cognitive interventions; OTs accessed more ergonomic studies. Psychologists most accessed educational and psychosocial intervention studies. There were no differences in access across professions to multidisciplinary interventions. Conclusion: While access partially reflects the content of the pain repository, professional differences in access were evident that related to the nature of the intervention, type of pain and the research design. Multidisciplinary evidence repositories may need to consider how to include and meet varied information needs.
Investigating early cellular and molecular responses to misfolded protein

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

PMDs such as AD, PD, HD and TSE are associated with the accumulation of abnormally folded proteins. However, the mechanisms involving seeding, processing and degradation of these rogue proteins are poorly understood. In this project, the response of primary hippocampal cultures to fibril challenge was investigated on a transcriptome level. This provided insights into molecular mechanisms associated with misfolded protein handling using cultures that either support misfolded protein generation (101LL) or that curtail its production (WT). Initial baseline transcriptome profiles were generated by microarray analysis then a more comprehensive analysis using RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) for pre and post-fibril challenge transcriptome analysis was carried out.
Showing Your Offline Reinforcement Learning Work: Online Evaluation\n Budget Matters

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this work, we argue for the importance of an online evaluation budget for\na reliable comparison of deep offline RL algorithms. First, we delineate that\nthe online evaluation budget is problem-dependent, where some problems allow\nfor less but others for more. And second, we demonstrate that the preference\nbetween algorithms is budget-dependent across a diverse range of\ndecision-making domains such as Robotics, Finance, and Energy Management.\nFollowing the points above, we suggest reporting the performance of deep\noffline RL algorithms under varying online evaluation budgets. To facilitate\nthis, we propose to use a reporting tool from the NLP field, Expected\nValidation Performance. This technique makes it possible to reliably estimate\nexpected maximum performance under different budgets while not requiring any\nadditional computation beyond hyperparameter search. By employing this tool, we\nalso show that Behavioral Cloning is often more favorable to offline RL\nalgorithms when working within a limited budget.\n
Interplay among Pseudomonas syringae HrpR, HrpS and HrpV proteins for regulation of the type III secretion system

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000, a plant pathogenic gram-negative bacterium, employs the type III secretion system (T3SS) to cause disease in tomato and Arabidopsis and to induce the hypersensitive response in nonhost plants. The expression of T3SS is regulated by the HrpL extracytoplasmic sigma factor. Expression of HrpL is controlled by transcriptional activators HrpR and HrpS and negative regulator HrpV. In this study, we analysed the organization of HrpRS and HrpV regulatory proteins and interplay between them. We iden-tified one key residue I26 in HrpS required for repression by HrpV. Substitu-tion of I26 in HrpS abolishes its interaction with HrpV and impairs interactions between HrpS and HrpR and the self-association of HrpS. We show that HrpS self-associates and can associate simultaneously with HrpR and HrpV. We now propose that HrpS has a central role in the assembly of the regulatory HrpRSV complex. Deletion analysis of HrpR and HrpS proteins showed that C-terminal parts of HrpR and HrpS confer determinants indis-pensable for their self-assembly.