jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Potentiation Effects of Acetylcholine at Neuromuscular Junction by Ranitidine

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Objective: To evaluate the activity of Ranitidine at neuromuscular junction with and without Pancuronium.\n \n\nStudy Design: Experimental randomized control study.\n \n\nPlace and Duration of Study: Department of Pharmacology, Islamic International Medical College, RIU Rawalpindi from October 2018 to September 2019.\n \n\nMaterials and Methods: Changes in the length (contraction) of rectus abdomininis muscle of frog were recorded using students oscillograph and cumulative dose response curve with Acetylcholine was obtained (control group). The effect of Ranitidine before and after adding Pancuronium was observed using three groups. Statistical analysis of variance (ANOVA) between the groups was performed by using the student’s ‘t’ test and a P-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.\n \n\nResults: Ranitidine in a dose of 1mM concentration produced a shift of the curve to the left with mean deviation of 61.5% (SEM ± 20.5) showing an enhancement of effects of Acetylcholine. Ranitidine also produced a shift of the curve to the left in the presence of 1µg Pancuronium with the mean deviation of 104.5% (SEM ± 39.7). The shift was statistically significant (P < 0.05) showing the antagonistic effect of Ranitidine on neuromuscular junction (NMJ) blockers like Pancuronium at this concentration.\n \n\nConclusion: Ranitidine in a concentration of 1mM increases the effects of Acetylcholine at neuromuscular junction (NMJ) and antagonizes the effects of NMJ blockers like Pancuronium at this concentration.
High-Grade Urothelial Bladder Cancer in Children: A Case Report and Critical Analysis of the Literature

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Bladder cancer is relatively common in adults; however, in children, bladder malignancies are extremely rare.In the present case report, we describe the diagnostic, therapeutic, and follow-up management of bladder cancer in a 3-year-old boy.Furthermore, we focus on typical and less frequently seen histological characteristics of bladder cancer in childhood.Despite its low incidence and prevalence, it is very important to emphasize that bladder cancer is the most serious condition which should not be missed in the differential diagnosis of hematuria or urinary tract infection.
P‐047: Cerebral perfusion in Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal dementia using dynamic susceptibility contrast MRI

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Decrease in cerebral perfusion has been observed with perfusion MRI in Alzheimer disease(AD) and frontotemporal dementia(FTD). Dynamic susceptibility-weighted contrast(DSC) perfusion with intravenous gadolinium contrast injection has received only limited attention in the investigation of perfusion changes in AD and FTD. It may be clinically advantageous to develop DSC further because the technique can be performed rapidly, provides cerebral blood flow(CBF), cerebral blood volume(CBV), and mean transit time(MTT) maps, and is less sensitive to bias due to normal age-dependent reductions in blood flow. To determine the feasibility of DSC perfusion MRI for the detection of quantitative CBV and CBF changes in subjects with AD and FTD. Seven subjects with AD(mean age 76.9 years), six subjects with FTD(mean age 62.7 years), and six normal control(NC) subjects(mean age 71.5 years) were scanned on a GE Signa 1.5T MR. The imaging protocol included one relatively rapid bolus injection (65μmol/kg at 3mL/s) followed by a slow infusion (35 μmol/kg, diluted to 90mL at 1mL/s). The acquisition parameters were optimized for depicting MTT measurements while a contrast infusion technique was optimized for measuring CBV. CBF maps were calculated using the central volume theorem, CBF=CBV/MTT. These perfusion maps were normalized to standard MNI space and smoothed with a 10mm FWHM Gaussian kernel using SPM5[http://www.fil.ion.ucl.ac.uk/spm/]. ADvsNC. Decreases in perfusion were identified in subjects with AD bilaterally in the superior frontal cortex, the posterior cingulated, and in the para hippocampal gyrus(Figure 1). The CBV map shows decreased blood volume in the right posterior temporal lobe. FTDvsCN. Hypoperfusion was observed bilaterally in the inferior frontal gyrus and in the left inferior frontal gyrus. A unilateral region in the left posterior temporal lobe showed corresponding reduction in CBV in subjects with FTD(Figure 2). The DSC MRI data show correspondence with known regions of hypoperfusion measured with ASL MRI methods. DSC MRI appears to be a viable means for measuring relative perfusion changes in AD and FTD and potentially for identifying those at risk for developing more progressed disease. Interestingly, blood volume changes were not found to be significant in the subjects studied thus far.
Disulfiram Neuropathy

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

A 35-year-old man developed a distal sensorimotor polyneuropathy after taking disulfiram, 500 mg daily for five months. His symptoms improved after the drug therapy was discontinued. Clinical, electrophysiological, and pathological observations during the acute stage and during recovery suggest that disulfiram produces a distal axonopathy.
Fractionating the neural substrate of cognitive control processes

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Psychological and neurobiological theories of cognitive control must account for flexible, seemless transitions among cognitive operations. When subjects switch between tasks, they must both inhibit the previous task and re-engage in a different task. Inhibition of the disengaged task remains active for a period of time and has to be overcome when re-engaging in the same task. Here we used a task-switching paradigm that allows distinction of two control processes: overcoming the inhibition of a previously performed task when re-engaging it and restarting a sequence of tasks after a period of interruption. Behaviorally, these processes were reflected in the facts that: ( i ) switching to a recently performed task, that is thus unlikely to have fully recovered from inhibition, takes longer than switching to a task less recently performed and ( ii ) re-engaging in a sequence of tasks after a period of interruption transiently increases response time. Using event-related functional MRI, we found that these two behavioral effects were accompanied by a double dissociation: the right lateral prefrontal cortex was more activated when switching to a task recently performed compared to a task less recently performed, while the anterior cingulate cortex was recruited when a sequence of tasks was initiated. These results provide insights into the functional organization of the frontal lobe in humans and its role in distinct processes involved in cognitive control.
Educational program for Health Literacy among Pregnant Women with Gestational Diabetes: its effect on Maternal & fetal outcomes

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM.) it has unfolded as a global public health problem. as well as the major part of (GDM.) management including educated pregnant women about diet, exercise, self-managements and monitoring of insulin to get better outcomes for the maternal and fetal health. the recent guidelines reported that knowledge and commitment level of health-care providers help for recuperation so must be recognized need for the advancement of health resources by educate and encourage women to self-manage their GDM. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of educational program for health literacy knowledge level of pregnant women with Gestational diabetes on Maternal & fetal outcomes. Methods: This A prospective, quasi-experimental design that are affiliated to Women's Health University Hospital at Assiut city (Upper Egypt), on 50 pregnant women with (GDM.) between 28-36 gestational weeks who were interviewed for assessment of their knowledge and participate in the education program, two tools were used in this study, namely Pre-test and post-test knowledge questionnaire as well as educational program booklet. Results: The most of women in the present study were aged from (20 < 30) years old, the common were presence of first-degree relatives with diabetes mellitus in 22(44%) women followed by presence of multiple risk factors in12(24%), The difference in levels of pre and post-test knowledge before and after education score resulted in significant improvement (p<0.001). The used of educational program resulted in significant improvement (P. value <0.001) of max score of knowledge before and after education after receiving program. while found no significant statistical difference between moderately and well-educated studied women for maternal and fetal outcomes. Conclusions: The educational intervention in the present study, was significantly effective on knowledge and attitude of pregnant women with gestational diabetes.
When it counts the most: Trauma-informed care and the COVID-19 global pandemic

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

CONTEXT: Evidence from the COVID-19 crisis suggests that children and youth are more likely to be subjected to maltreatment and exposure to family violence, while experiencing limited access to the usual services that support vulnerable families and provide targeted services to meet their needs. The current global pandemic itself can also be experienced as a traumatic event. Trauma-informed care draws attention to the potential impacts, from the individual to the global, that myriad traumatic experiences can illicit and proposes using these understandings as foundational to the development and implementation of policy and practice. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this opinion paper is to offer insights to guide practices and policies during this unprecedented global crisis through a discussion of the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (2014)’s six trauma-informed care principles: trustworthiness and transparency; safety; peer support; collaboration and mutuality; empowerment and choice; and cultural, historical and gender issues. FINDINGS: Specific recommendations based on these six principles and applied to the current situation are presented and discussed. These principles can serve both in the immediate crisis and as preventative measures against unforeseen future traumatic contexts. CONCLUSION: COVID-19 renews the imperative to maintain and strengthen trauma-informed practices and policies. We argue that never before has trauma-informed care been so important to promote the health and well-being of all and to protect our marginalized populations at greatest risk.
Mitochondrial-encoded MOTS-c prevents pancreatic islet destruction in autoimmune diabetes

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

(Cell Reports 36, 109447-1–109447-16.e1–e7; July 27, 2021) In the originally published version of this article, Tables S2B and S2C contained typo errors, affecting insulin and units of some parameters, and clinical information errors. The corrected table now appears with the paper online. This correction does not change results in the text. The authors regret these errors. Mitochondrial-encoded MOTS-c prevents pancreatic islet destruction in autoimmune diabetesKong et al.Cell ReportsJuly 27, 2021In BriefKong et al. report that a mitochondrial-encoded peptide, MOTS-c, prevents autoimmune diabetes when treated in NOD mice by modulating CD4+ T cell function, including metabolism and preferred differentiation into Treg cells. T1D patients have lower circulating MOTS-c levels, which correlate with the metabolic state of their CD4+ T cells. Full-Text PDF Open Access
Quantification of Cerebral Blood Flow

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) can be quantified using oxygen-15-labelled water ([15O]H2O) and positron emission tomography. In this overview, first a description is given of the early methods developed for the first generation of PET scanners in which the volume of distribution of water (V T) had to be fixed. Next, the tracer kinetic model for [15O]H2O is presented, and it is shown that both CBF and V T can be obtained using dynamic scanning and non-linear regression. Finally, several practical issues are discussed and guidelines are given for obtaining accurate CBF measurements.
Influence of Additioned Blood-serums of Experimental Diabetic Animals upon Culture Tissues of Chick Embryo growing in vitro

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

1. Alloxan, Dithizon and Oxin were injected to the rabbits which had discharged livers by CCl4 since ca. 1 month before the injection. Diabetes occured more steadly after the liver discharge than control group, and especially in alloxan and dithizon injected group, permanent diabetes occured in the highest degree.2. a) The inhibition to the growth of cultured tissues was most manifest in the serum of alloxan injected group, dithizon next, and in the serum of oxin injected group and d.epancreaticomized diabetic dogs, growth inhibitions were more or less slighter.b) In each group, the growth inhibition was severest at the initial hyperglycemic phase and at the second hypoglycemic phase. At the early period of the permanent hyperglycemic phase, tissue injuries were slightest, and later the injuries became more manifest again.c) Among the tissues of chick-embryo, liver was most sensitive to the additioned blood-sera of experimental diabetic animals and always exhibited growth inhibition of various severity.3. When the sera of the experimental diabetic animals inactivated by the heat or filtered by the chamberand filter and or absorbed by caorin, its controllable power were relatively reduced. This, remarkable at the inactivated serum by the heat, but nicht so remarkable at the serum filtered or absorbed.4. No correlation was found between the severity of the tissue injuries and blood sugar levels of these experimental diabetic animals. Then, as the late Prof. Iisuka discussed, the diabetogenic“toxin”shall exist nicht related to hyperglycemia.
Gfa1 (glutamine fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase) is essential for Aspergillus fumigatus growth and virulence

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Background Aspergillus fumigatus, the primary etiological agent of invasive aspergillosis, causes over 1.8 million deaths annually. Targeting cell wall biosynthetic pathways offers a promising antifungal strategy. Gfa1, a rate-limiting enzyme in UDP-GlcNAc synthesis, plays a pivotal role in the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP). Results Deletion of gfa1 (Δgfa1) results in auxotrophy for glucosamine (GlcN) or N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc). Under full recovery (FR) conditions, where minimal medium is supplemented with 5 mM GlcN as the sole carbon source, the Δgfa1 mutant shows growth comparable to the wild-type (WT). However, when supplemented with 5 mM GlcN and 55 mM glucose, growth is partially repressed, likely due to carbon catabolite repression, a condition termed partial repression (PR). Under PR conditions, Δgfa1 exhibits compromised growth, reduced conidiation, defective germination, impaired cell wall integrity, and increased sensitivity to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and high temperatures. Additionally, Δgfa1 demonstrates disruptions in protein homeostasis and iron metabolism. Transcriptomic analysis of the mutant under PR conditions reveals significant alterations in carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism, unfolded protein response (UPR) processes, and iron assimilation. Importantly, Gfa1 is essential for A. fumigatus virulence, as demonstrated in Caenorhabditis elegans and Galleria mellonella infection models. Conclusions These findings underscore the critical role of Gfa1 in fungal pathogenicity and suggest its potential as a therapeutic target for combating A. fumigatus infections.
Allergic Reactions Including Anaphylaxis After Receipt of the First Dose of Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This JAMA Insights review provides clinical details of anaphylactic reactions reported to and verified by the CDC in the first week of use of the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine in the US, December 14-23, 2020.
INTEGRATED CURRICULUM USED IN LEARNING ENGLISH

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In Indonesia, curriculum changes continue to occur because they are deemed not in accordance with expectations, so some schools apply the international curriculum. The Cambridge curriculum focuses on students' understanding, knowledge and critical thinking skills. This study aims to determine students' perceptions toward Cambridge curriculum used in learning English at Senior High School Sumsel, because students are the subject of implementing the curriculum. To find out the perceptions of students, researchers first studied how schools implemented the curriculum and the data analysis methods used were triangulation techniques, interviews to find out how the curriculum was implemented, questionnaires to determine student perceptions and documentation to support research results. The results of this study are (1) positive student perceptions. Positive things are shown by some students who are enthusiastic in learning to use the Cambridge curriculum and make students have a global prespective, (2) the implementation of the Cambridge curriculum in South Sumatra is quite good because schools continue to map the national curriculum and Cambridge curriculum and to material that is not the same will be made into additional class.
State of Charge Estimation for Lithium-ion Battery Based on Random Forests Technique with Gravitational Search Algorithm

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

An accurate state of charge (SOC) estimation for lithium-ion battery has been an intensively researched subject in electric vehicle (EV) application towards the advancement of the sustainable transportation system. However, SOC estimation with high accuracy is challenging because of the complex internal characteristics of the lithium-ion battery which is changed by different environmental situations. This paper develops an accurate method for the state of charge (SOC) estimation of a lithium-ion battery using random forests (RFs) algorithm. However, the accuracy of RFs highly depends on the appropriate selection of trees and leaves per tree in a forest. Thus, this research develops an enhanced model with RFs based gravitational search algorithm (GSA). The aim of GSA is to find the best value of trees and leaves per tree. The robustness and accuracy of the proposed model are tested under different temperatures. The model training and validation are executed using federal urban driving schedule (FUDS). The effectiveness of the proposed method is compared with the conventional RFs and radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) and optimal RBFNN-GSA models using different statistical error terms and computational cost. The proposed RFs based GSA model offers higher robustness and accuracy in reducing RMSE by 55.4<;span style="font-size: 11.25px;"> % <;/span>, 67.4%, and MAE by 39.1% and 78.1% than conventional RFs and RBFNN based GSA model, respectively at 25°C.
Small-World Connections to Induce Firing Activity and Phase Synchronization in Neural Networks

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

We investigate how the firing activity and the subsequent phase synchronization of neural networks with small-world topological connections depend on the probability p of adding-links. Network elements are described by two-dimensional map neurons (2DMNs) in a quiescent original state. Neurons burst for a given coupling strength when the topological randomness p increases, which is absent in a regular-lattice neural network. The bursting activity becomes frequent and synchronization of neurons emerges as topological randomness further increases. The maximal firing frequency and phase synchronization appear at a particular value of p. However, if the randomness p further increases, the firing frequency decreases and synchronization is apparently destroyed.
Stellar Models and Luminosity Functions for the Population II Main Sequence Down to Its Lower End

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

view Abstract Citations (47) References (29) Co-Reads Similar Papers Volume Content Graphics Metrics Export Citation NASA/ADS Stellar Models and Luminosity Functions for the Population II Main Sequence Down to Its Lower End D'Antona, Francesca ; Mazzitelli, Italo Abstract We have computed new sets of stellar models, for masses from ∼0.8 Msun down to the lower termination of the main sequence, for metallicities and helium contents adequate to represent the halo and globular cluster populations, with the most updated opacity tables. By means of theoretical color Teff transformations by Kurucz and by Allard, we have derived MI versus V-I data to be compared with globular clusters and nearby subdwarf data. We show that the characteristic "double kink" shape of the MI versus V-I diagram is well reproduced by the models, although better agreement would have been obtained if the V-I theoretical colors were redder by ∼0.1 mag. We then discuss the mass-luminosity relation, particularly in correspondence with the kinks, since they turn out to be critical in establishing the luminosity functions (LFs) of the observed sets of stars. We present tables of the mass-MI-V-I relations, which can be used for comparisons with observed LFs. We also discuss the general features of the luminosity functions obtained from these models assuming simple analytic mass functions of different power-law slope. We find that all the LFs peak in the range 8 ≤ MI < 10, the magnitude of the maximum increasing both with Z and with the power-law exponent in the mass function. As an example, we compare our results with the recent Hubble Space Telescope observational results by Paresce et al. for the globular cluster NGC 6397. Publication: The Astrophysical Journal Pub Date: January 1996 DOI: 10.1086/176654 Bibcode: 1996ApJ...456..329D Keywords: STARS: INTERIORS; STARS: LOW-MASS; BROWN DWARFS; STARS: LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; MASS FUNCTION; STARS: POPULATION II; STARS: SUBDWARFS full text sources ADS | data products SIMBAD (2)
Unilateral leg edema in a cirrhotic patient with tense ascites

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

there was no edema in the scrotum.The patient was initially subjected to duplex ultrasonography of his right leg, which turned negative for deep venous thrombosis.Subsequently, a CT scan of the right thigh and abdomen was performed, revealing an enormous fluid collection within the peritoneal cavity (Figure 2A) and a notable fluid collection within the lateral aspect of the right thigh (Figure 2C).The fluid in the right thigh exhibited approximately the same density with ascitic fluid (Figure 2A andC).No masses were detected in the pelvis.