jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Alcohol Intake and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in Younger, Middle-Aged, and Older Adults

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background— Light to moderate alcohol consumption is associated with a reduced risk of coronary heart disease. This protective effect of alcohol, however, may be confined to middle-aged or older individuals. Coronary heart disease incidence is low in men <40 years of age and in women <50 years of age; for this reason, study cohorts rarely have the power to investigate the effects of alcohol on coronary heart disease risk in younger adults. This study examined whether the beneficial effect of alcohol on coronary heart disease depends on age. Methods and Results— In this pooled analysis of 8 prospective studies from North America and Europe including 192 067 women and 74 919 men free of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and cancers at baseline, average daily alcohol intake was assessed at baseline with a food frequency or diet history questionnaire. An inverse association between alcohol and risk of coronary heart disease was observed in all age groups; hazard ratios among moderately drinking men (5.0 to 29.9 g/d) 39 to 50, 50 to 59, and ≥60 years of age were 0.58 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.36 to 0.93), 0.72 (95% CI, 0.60 to 0.86), and 0.85 (95% CI, 0.75 to 0.97) compared with abstainers. However, the analyses indicated a smaller incidence rate difference between abstainers and moderate consumers in younger adults (incidence rate difference, 45 per 100 000; 90% CI, 8 to 84) than in middle-aged (incidence rate difference, 64 per 100 000; 90% CI, 24 to 102) and older (incidence rate difference, 89 per 100 000; 90% CI, 44 to 140) adults. Similar results were observed in women. Conclusion— Alcohol is also associated with a decreased risk of coronary heart disease in younger adults; however, the absolute risk was small compared with middle-aged and older adults.
The evolution of silk production in Crustacea

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Spun silk is found only in arthropods, where it plays critical roles in feeding, protection, and reproduction. It has evolved repeatedly within the arthropods, providing an opportunity for comparative analyses to reveal the mechanisms driving convergent evolution within this taxon. Silk in crustaceans has received much less attention than silk in arachnids and insects but may have unique and useful properties. We combine data on the morphology of silk and silk systems with ancestral state reconstruction and find that silk has likely evolved convergently at least six times within Crustacea. We also break down the components of crustacean silk as a composite trait by discussing the silk properties, the silk production systems, and the silk genes. We find that amphipod and tanaid silks are similar to silkworm and spider silks but have their own unique silk system morphology. Much remains unknown about the origins and diversification of silk in crustaceans; we propose that the molecular investigation of silk genes and systems will provide a path forward. By investigating the evolution of silk production in crustaceans, we may discover insights into predispositions for silk production in arthropods and valuable substrates for biomaterial research.
A clinical study on multiple primary cancers in resected lung cancer cases

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

2003年7月から2005年6月までの2年間に当院で外科的切除を行った原発性肺癌62例に対し，重複癌の有無，臨床的背景，病理所見等を検討した．重複癌症例は24例（38.7％）存在し，平均年齢は66.6歳であった．内訳は異時性重複癌16例，同時性重複癌8例．二重癌19例，三重癌3例，四重癌2例．重複癌の臓器は，胃10病巣，大腸8病巣，乳房5病巣，肺3病巣，食道，腎臓，肝臓，舌，前立腺各1病巣であった．肺癌の発見方法では重複癌症例の22例（91.7％），非重複癌症例の31例（81.6％）が無症状での画像検査による発見であった．肺癌腫瘍径に差は認めなかったが，重複癌症例では全例リンパ節転移陰性であったのに対し，非重複癌症例にはリンパ節転移陽性が9例（23.7％）存在した（p＜0.05）．また1994～2003年の10年間に当院で胃癌切除を受けた1640例の術後調査において，2003年7月からの2年間で9例の肺癌罹患が確認された．これは全国肺癌罹患集計値をもとに算出した推測数6.53人よりも多く，胃癌切除既往患者は一般人よりも肺癌に罹患しやすい可能性が示唆されたが，今後全国規模での疫学調査よる検討が必要である．
T‐cell‐mediated and antigen‐dependent differentiation of human monocyte into different dendritic cell subsets: a feedback control of Th1/Th2 responses

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT It is well established that human monocytes differentiate into dendritic cells (DCs) when cultured with certain cytokine cocktails, such as granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor and inter‐leukin‐4. Conversely, it is not completely established which cell population synthesizes the cytokines required for monocyte differentiation and how their secretion is regulated. We show that on specific activation T cells induce the differentiation into DCs of antigen‐presenting and bystander monocytes. Monocytes exposed to cytokines released by Th1 and Th0 lymphocytes differentiate into DCs with a reduced antigen uptake and antigen presentation capacity. Moreover, these DCs show a limited capacity to induce Th1 polarization of naive T cells but are capable of priming interleukin‐10‐secreting T cells. Conversely, DCs derived from monocytes sensing cytokines released by Th2 lymphocytes are antigen‐presenting‐cell (APC) endowed with a marked Th1 polarization capacity. Monocytes are corecruited with lymphocytes in chronic inflammation sites; thus our results suggest that functionally different DCs can be generated in environments characterized by the prevalent release of Th1‐, Th0‐, or Th2‐associated cytokines. Because the APC capacities of these DCs have opposite functional consequences, a contribution in the regulation of the ongoing immune response by monocyte‐derived inflammatory DCs is envisaged.—Mariotti, S., Sargentini, V., Marcantonio, C., Todero, E., Teloni, R., Gagliardi, M. C., Ciccaglione, A. R., Nisini, R. T‐cell‐mediated and antigen‐dependent differentiation of human monocyte into different dendritic cell subsets: a feedback control of Th1/Th2 responses. FASEB J. 22, 3370–3379 (2008)
Effect of Active and Inactive Vaccinia Virus Preparations on Human Amnion Cell Cultures

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Summary Cultures of trypsinized human amnion cells react in a morphologically different manner to the inoculation of active and inactive irradiated preparations of vaccinia virus. The most characteristic changes which accompany virus multiplication are rounding of the cells and degenerative changes in both cytoplasm and nucleus. In pronounced contrast inactive virus preparations lead to an extreme lengthening and thinning of the cytoplasm of the cell whereas the nucleus remains intact. In the latter ease the previously homogenous cell sheet is finally transformed into a netlike structure. As reported previously for mouse macrophage cultures, the inactive virus particles themselves seem to be responsible for these changes which are believed to be the result of a toxic viral effect.
Load voltage study of LCC-S type wireless energy transmission system based on phase shift control

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract When the light load is applied in an LCC-S type wireless power transmission (WPT) system, the system does not have constant voltage characteristics, which affects the normal use of power equipment. If a DC/DC converter is used to regulate the voltage at both ends of the load to keep it constant, it will increase the size and cost of the system, and the efficiency is also reduced. For this reason, in this paper, phase-shift control is carried out based on the LCC-S type WPT system, and the LCC-S resonant compensation network is first modeled and analyzed in terms of its working principle. Then, the principle of phase-shift control is analyzed, the relationship between the drive signal phase-shift angle and the load voltage in the phase-shift control is deduced, and finally, a simulation model is built in Matlab/Simulink to verify the correctness of the control strategy.
Profitability of Intensifying Cropping in the Mallee Region of Victoria

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A whole farm linear programming model, PRISM, was used to investigate the profitability of adopting a more intensive crop rotation in the central Mallee region of Victoria (annual rainfall 300-350mm). The model was optimised for farm profit with different amounts of working capital so that optimal proportions of a wheat-field peawheat- lupin rotation and a pasture-pasture-wheat rotation were included in the enterprise mix. Based on average yields from a 10 year rotation at the Mallee Research Station, Walpeup, increasing crop intensity from 33% of the farm to 77% of the farm increased annual profit by 38%. When the model was run again using typical input costs and average yields achieved in the region, intensification of cropping decreased annual profit by 86%. Average crop yields and wheat growing costs in the region were 20% lower than the Mallee Research Station, Walpeup. The analysis indicated that the profitability of more intensive cropping in this region is highly dependant on crop yields.
Methamphetamine Causes Mitrochondrial Oxidative Damage in Human T Lymphocytes Leading to Functional Impairment

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Methamphetamine (METH) abuse is known to be associated with an inordinate rate of infections. Although many studies have described the association of METH exposure and immunosuppression, so far the underlying mechanism still remains elusive. In this study, we present evidence that METH exposure resulted in mitochondrial oxidative damage and caused dysfunction of primary human T cells. METH treatment of T lymphocytes led to a rise in intracellular calcium levels that enhanced the generation of reactive oxygen species. TCR-CD28 linked calcium mobilization and subsequent uptake by mitochondria in METH-treated T cells correlated with an increase in mitochondrion-derived superoxide. Exposure to METH-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in the form of marked decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential, increased mitochondrial mass, enhanced protein nitrosylation and diminished protein levels of complexes I, III, and IV of the electron transport chain. These changes paralleled reduced IL-2 secretion and T cell proliferative responses after TCR-CD28 stimulation indicating impaired T cell function. Furthermore, antioxidants attenuated METH-induced mitochondrial damage by preserving the protein levels of mitochondrial complexes I, III, and IV. Altogether, our data indicate that METH can cause T cell dysfunction via induction of oxidative stress and mitochondrial injury as underlying mechanism of immune impairment secondary to METH abuse.
Non-Sedating Anti-Convulsant Activity Of Piper Guineense In Mice

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The activity of aqueous extract of Piper guineense was tested against bicuculline induced seizure in albino mice. Intraperitoneal (ip) administration of 6mg/kg and 7.5mg/kg of bicuculline (BCCL) produced 60 and 100% convulsion and death in the treated mice. Pretreatment of mice with the extract (500 - 750mg/kg) ip delayed the onset of seizure and protected the mice against bicuculline induced seizure and death. Neither of the two doses of Piper guineense has effect on barbiturate sleeping time when given simultaneously nor cause any impairment of performance in mice on a rotarod treadmill test. The data obtained indicate that the anticonvulsant activity of the aqueous extract is dose selective and that effects other than Gaba inhibition may play a role in its anticonvulsant effect. Nigerian Quarterly Journal of Hospital Medicine Vol.9, No.3 (1999) pp. 231-233
Growing up whole: somali children and adolescents in america.

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Immigrant Somali adolescents are at high risk for mental health problems due to the unique challenges they face as they attempt to assimilate two very polar cultures into one self-identity during a phase of development characterized by physical, cognitive, and emotional upheaval. Current management experiences warrant recommendations that include integration of community services, schools, and the medical system to provide education in cultural diversity, multicultural school and community publications, team sports, individual education plans, support groups, and Somali representation in school staff that has established trust with families and acceptance of mental health issues and care.
2017 ICCV Challenge: Detecting Symmetry in the Wild

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Motivated by various new applications of computational symmetry in computer vision and in an effort to advance machine perception of symmetry in the wild, we organize the third international symmetry detection challenge at ICCV 2017, after the CVPR 2011/2013 symmetry detection competitions. Our goal is to gauge the progress in computational symmetry with continuous benchmarking of both new algorithms and datasets, as well as more polished validation methodology. Different from previous years, this time we expand our training/testing data sets to include 3D data, and establish the most comprehensive and largest annotated datasets for symmetry detection to date; we also expand the types of symmetries to include densely-distributed and medial-axis-like symmetries; furthermore, we establish a challenge-and-paper dual track mechanism where both algorithms and articles on symmetry-related research are solicited. In this report, we provide a detailed summary of our evaluation methodology for each type of symmetry detection algorithm validated. We demonstrate and analyze quantified detection results in terms of precision-recall curves and F-measures for all algorithms evaluated. We also offer a short survey of the paper-track submissions accepted for our 2017 symmetry challenge.
The Diabetic Foot

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Journal Article The Diabetic Foot Get access The Diabetic Foot. Edited by Levin ME, O’Neal LW. Saint Louis, The C.V. Mosby Company, 1973, cloth, 262 pp, illus, $25.50 Isadore Brown Isadore Brown Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Physical Therapy, Volume 54, Issue 4, April 1974, Pages 434–441, https://doi.org/10.1093/ptj/54.4.434b Published: 01 April 1974
Effects of Color in Disaster Relief Advertising and the Mediating Role of Cognitive Elaboration

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The current research examined the effects of color format (text only, text with black-and-white photo, text with full-colored photo, and text with color highlighted on the main visual subject) and issue involvement (high versus low) on individuals’ psychological reactions (attitude, feeling of empathy, and intention to help) to disaster relief ad. Two studies were conducted using student and general public samples. Results from both studies indicated ads with photos, especially black-and-white photos, generated more positive attitude, greater feeling of empathy, and stronger intention to participate in charity activities. Higher issue involvement also leads to more positive attitude and stronger behavioral intention. An interaction effect between color format and issues involvement was found in Study 2. The mediating role of cognitive elaboration was also explored.
Text and Image in Dickens: Falling Women, Faceless Women

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In this article I look at the collaboration between Dickens and his greatest illustrator, Hablot K. Browne (Phiz), in Dombey and Son, David Copperfield , and especially Bleak House . In these works, text and image cluster around themes of fallen sexuality, feminine transgression, and the problematic identity of woman as both protagonist and narrator or author. I argue that Browne’s illustrations offer not a counternarrative to Dickens’s but a submerged one, especially in relation to controversial or taboo material. The text and plates work in unison to make manifest what might be present but only subtly telegraphed by Dickens’s words. My piece culminates in speculation about Dickens’s creation of the first-person narrator, Esther Summerson, in Bleak House : was Dickens responding to the proliferation of women-authored texts and women narrators? And were Dickens and Browne signaling in repeated depictions of a faceless Esther that the sex and identity of authorship were mysterious and unsettlingly mutable?
Synthesis and Kinetics of Isomerization of mer and fac[CoCO3(en)(Amino Acidato)] Isomers

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Reaction of [CoXY(en)(AB)] n+ (AB = glycinato or (S)-α-alaninato anion, X = H 2 O, Y = Cl; AB = (S)-valinato anion, X = Y = Cl) with HCO - 3 ) or Ag( 2 CO) 3 gives mixture of mer- and fac- [CoCO( 3 (en)(AB)] isomers, ratio of which is temperature dependent. Both isomers undergo in aqueous solution to spontaneous isomerization which does not occur when carbonato group is replaced by oxalato or malonato one. This suggests that the source of stereolability in these complexes is a strain imposed by the four-membered carbonato chelate ring. The equilibrium constants (K = fac/mer ) increase in the order KGly < KVal < KAla. The total rate constants obtained at 45 °C and 55 °C increase in the order kAla < kVal < kGly. λ- mer- [CoCO 3 (en)(S)-Val)] isomer undergoes at 22 °C racemization at the octahedral centre yielding the mixture of 59% δ and 41% λ isomers.
Review and prospect of three\|line hybrid rice breeding in Fujian during 1986-1995

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The achievements and unsolved problems in three\|line hybrid rice breeding in Fujian during the eighth and ninth “five\|year”plan have been reviewed.The bred combinations' affinity relationship and specialities were analysed.The problems existing in restorer line breeding,such as similar heterotic groups;close affinity relation ship and little difference in heredity factors etc were probed. The writer also submitted the breeding objectives and the main technical target of Indica hybrid rice in future.
Ten-year changes and problems in situation of head and neck cancer treatment in Japan

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

頭頸部がん専門医制度が発足して10年が経過したので，その間の変化を検証するため本学会の耳鼻咽喉科会員を対象としてアンケート調査を行った。各施設における新患数や手術数からは，患者集約化の事実が明らかである。一方で，医師の集約化や労働時間の減少については，実証されなかった。集約化がされていても，再建手術の待機期間はそれほど長くなっておらず，65％の施設で3週間以内であった。特定の個人が治療方針を決定することは激減し，複数の診療科におけるカンファレンスで治療方針が決定されることが増えたが，薬物療法については依然として頭頸部外科医が中心の施設が多い。頭頸部がん専門医制度に関しては肯定的な意見が多いが，その一方で，地方における多くの問題が挙げられた。今後は医療者の働き方改革を含め，持続可能な体制を引き続き検討すべきである。
The Nasty Style of Politics

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract This chapter begins with several vivid examples of nasty politics in the U.S. and Ukraine. These include lead up to the January 6 insurrection and attempted coup in the U.S., and the time preceding the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine. It then introduces the concept of nasty politics as an umbrella term for a set of tactics that politicians use to insult, accuse, denigrate, threaten, and in some cases physically harm their opponents. These different tactics vary in their underlying aggression and threat, with insults being the least threatening and actual violence the most threatening. It then discusses the main puzzle of nasty politics: why do politicians use nasty politics if the public reduces support for those who employ it? What explains the strategic logic of nasty politics? This chapter provides a preview of the theory of nasty politics and justifies the case selection of Ukraine, the U.S., and Israel.
Chronotope of literary-critical judgement (based on books of I.I. Vinogradov)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The phenomenon of the undefined status of literary criticism leads to a lack of clarity in its terminological apparatus. In particular, there is no unity on the issue of what to consider as the plot of a literary-critical utterance, as well as how to determine its motivational structure, or to identify a set of semantic fields. The subject of this research is the literary category of the chronotope, which is used to analyze the poetics of a critical text. This study was carried out on the basis of the collections of I.I. Vinogradov (1930-2015) “Like bread and water. Art in Our Life” (1963), “Art. True. Realism” (1975), “On a living track. Spiritual Searches of Russian Classics” (1987) with the involvement of textual criticism, biographical data and evidence of the historical context. Despite the artificiality of dividing the chronotope as dominant uniting texts, each of its parts is consistently characterized in order to accomplish the most complete presentation. Space, not in physical, but in textual terms, is understood as a set of factors that bind articles together at a formal level (genre format, heading complexes, typography design). The author's image is viewed as multifunctional: it builds an internal connection and a storyline. The functions of the chronological aspect are also shown: responsibility for the historical, cultural and biographical contexts, dating, meaningful transformation of articles. The conclusion deals with the possibility of using a complex view of the totality of chronotopic characteristics of judgment and the methodological preferences of the critic as a whole.
Primary Amenorrhea in Anorexia Nervosa: Impact on Characteristic Masculine and Feminine Traits

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Animal studies indicate gonadal hormones at puberty have an effect on the development of masculine and feminine traits. However, it is unknown whether similar processes occur in humans. We examined whether women with anorexia nervosa (AN), who often experience primary amenorrhea, exhibit attenuated feminization in their psychological characteristics in adulthood due to the decrease/absence of gonadal hormones at puberty. Women with AN were compared on a number of psychological characteristics using General Linear Models based on the presence/absence of primary amenorrhea. Although women with primary amenorrhea exhibited lower anxiety scores than those without primary amenorrhea, in general, results did not provide evidence of attenuated feminization in women with AN with primary amenorrhea. Future research should utilize novel techniques and direct hormone measurement to explore the effects of pubertal gonadal hormones on masculine and feminine traits.