jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry for the simultaneous quantitation of ceftriaxone, metronidazole and hydroxymetronidazole in plasma from seriously ill, severely malnourished children

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

We have developed and validated a novel, sensitive, selective and reproducible reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography method coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS/MS) for the simultaneous quantitation of ceftriaxone (CEF), metronidazole (MET) and hydroxymetronidazole (MET-OH) from only 50 µL of human plasma, and unbound CEF from 25 µL plasma ultra-filtrate to evaluate the effect of protein binding. Cefuroxime axetil (CEFU) was used as an internal standard (IS). The analytes were extracted by a protein precipitation procedure with acetonitrile and separated on a reversed-phase Polaris 5 C18-Analytical column using a mobile phase composed of acetonitrile containing 0.1% (v/v) formic acid and 10 mM aqueous ammonium formate pH 2.5, delivered at a flow-rate of 300 µL/min. Multiple reaction monitoring was performed in the positive ion mode using the transitions m/z555.1→ m/z396.0 (CEF), m/z172.2→ m/z 128.2 (MET), m/z188.0→ m/z125.9 (MET-OH) and m/z528.1→ m/z 364.0 (CEFU) to quantify the drugs. Calibration curves in spiked plasma and ultra-filtrate were linear ( r 2 ≥ 0.9948) from 0.4-300 µg/mL for CEF, 0.05-50 µg/mL for MET and 0.02 - 30 µg/mL for MET-OH. The intra- and inter- assay precisions were less than 9% and the mean extraction recoveries were 94.0% (CEF), 98.2% (MET), 99.6% (MET-OH) and 104.6% (CEF in ultra-filtrate); the recoveries for the IS were 93.8% (in plasma) and 97.6% (in ultra-filtrate). The validated method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study of CEF, MET and MET-OH in hospitalized children with complicated severe acute malnutrition following an oral administration of MET and intravenous administration of CEF over the course of 72 hours.
The Effect of Nifedipine on Normal and Ischemic Left Ventricular Function during Atrial Pacing Stress

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We studied 44 patients (group I: 9 with insignificant disease and group II: 35 with significant coronary artery disease) by nuclear angiography during the controlled increase in heart rate by atrial pacing to evaluate the effect of 20 mg of sublingual nifedipine on left ventricular function. Left ventricular volumes were calculated using count-derived changes: end-diastolic (EDE), end-systolic (ESE), stroke volume (SVE) and cardiac output equivalents (COE) and ejection fraction (EF) and ejection rate (ER) were calculated during basal sinus rhythm (C) and at the maximal atrial pacing (AP) rate with and without nifedipine. In normal subjects, AP decreased ventricular volumes. The administration of nifedipine decreased blood pressure but had no further effect on left ventricular volume. In the ischemic ventricle, AP produced reversible ventricular wall paresis with a smaller decrease in EDE, an increase in ESE and a significant fall in EF. Nifedipine induced a striking improvement in EF and ER. This was probably a consequence of afterload reduction and increased coronary blood flow.
Data from Preclinical Evaluation of the Hsp70 Peptide Tracer TPP-PEG<sub>24</sub>-DFO[<sup>89</sup>Zr] for Tumor-Specific PET/CT Imaging

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

<div>Abstract<p>High precision <i>in vivo</i> PET/CT imaging of solid tumors improves diagnostic credibility and clinical outcome of patients. An epitope of the oligomerization domain of Hsp70 is exclusively exposed on the membrane of a large variety of tumor types, but not on normal cells, and thus provides a universal tumor-specific target. Here we developed a novel PET tracer TPP-PEG<sub>24</sub>-DFO[<sup>89</sup>Zr] based on the tumor cell–penetrating peptide probe TPP, which specifically recognizes membrane Hsp70 (mHsp70) on tumor cells. The implemented PEG<sub>24</sub> moiety supported tracer stability and improved biodistribution characteristics <i>in vivo</i>. The <i>K</i><sub>d</sub> of the tracer ranged in the low nanomolar range (18.9 ± 11.3 nmol/L). Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled derivatives TPP-[FITC] and TPP-PEG<sub>24</sub>-[FITC] revealed comparable and specific binding to mHsp70-positive 4T1, 4T1<sup>+</sup>, a derivative of the 4T1 cell line sorted for high Hsp70 expression, and CT26 tumor cells, but not to mHsp70-negative normal fibroblasts. The rapid internalization kinetics of mHsp70 into the cytosol and the favorable biodistribution of the peptide-based tracer TPP-PEG<sub>24</sub>-DFO[<sup>89</sup>Zr] <i>in vivo</i> enabled a tumor-specific accumulation with a high tumor-to-background contrast and renal body clearance. The tumor-specific enrichment of the tracer in 4T1<sup>+</sup> (6.2 ± 1.1%ID/g), 4T1 (4.3 ± 0.7%ID/g), and CT26 (2.6 ± 0.6%ID/g) mouse tumors with very high, high, and intermediate mHsp70 densities, respectively, reflected mHsp70 expression profiles of the different tumor types, whereas benign mHsp70-negative fibroblastic hyperplasia showed no tracer accumulation (0.2 ± 0.03%ID/g). The ability of our chemically optimized peptide-based tracer TPP-PEG<sub>24</sub>-DFO[<sup>89</sup>Zr] to detect mHsp70 <i>in vivo</i> suggests its broad applicability in targeting and imaging with high specificity for any tumor type that exhibits surface expression of Hsp70.</p><p><b>Significance:</b> A novel peptide-based PET tracer against the oligomerization domain of Hsp70 has potential for universal tumor-specific imaging <i>in vivo</i> across many tumor type. <i>Cancer Res; 78(21); 6268–81. ©2018 AACR</i>.</p></div>
Pregnancy at 65, risks and complications

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A 65-year-old postmenopausal pregnant woman was referred with antepartum hemorrhage at 29 weeks of gestation. Postadmission diagnosed with chronic hypertension, gestational diabetes mellitus, valvular heart disease, and placenta previa. Her pregnancy was terminated by cesarean delivery at 32 weeks as she had a bout of bleeding per vaginum. Most of the placenta was adherent with no plane of cleavage; therefore, cesarean hysterectomy was performed. Baby birth weight was 1650 g and was shifted to nursery for observation and mother needed Intensive Care Unit care postcesarean. On the 15 th day, both healthy mother and baby were discharged. Although pregnancy is possible in postmenopausal women with hormone support but the incidence of complications remain very high. It raises a need for developing well-laid guidelines for performing in vitro fertilization in older age group women.
Towards a Local Feminist Understanding of Gender and Sexuality

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This chapter revisits the basic but fundamental concepts in feminist theories: gender and sexuality. By highlighting the historical and socio-cultural constitution of gender and sexuality, this chapter formulates a local feminist framework to account for the gendered and sexual control and resistance Chinese women experience at the workplace. It brings together Western feminist literature of gender and sexuality at work, discussions around sexuality in development studies, and historical studies of gender and sexuality in China. These are rarely, if ever, brought into dialogue, but have something to offer to our nuanced understandings of the Chinese workplace as well as global feminist theorization of gender, sexuality and power.
Approach to the Biosynthesis of Atisine-Type Diterpenoid Alkaloids

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

To determine the biosynthesis pathway of the atisine-type diterpenoid alkaloids spiramines A/B and C/D, feeding experiments in <i>in vitro</i> cultured plantlets and enzymatic transformations in cell-free extracts were performed in combination with LCMS and tandem MS analyses. l-[2-<sup>13</sup>C,<sup>15</sup>N]Serine was used in the feeding experiments and enzymatic transformations, and the diterpene spiraminol was identified as a biosynthetic precursor of spiramine alkaloids. The LCMS and tandem MS spectra of the extracts from these experiments indicated that l-[2-<sup>13</sup>C,<sup>15</sup>N]serine was incorporated into spiramines A/B and C/D. The labeled reaction products show that l-serine is the one possible nitrogen source involved in the biosynthesis of atisine-type DAs.
Acetylation of the polysaccharide from Houttuynia cordata rhizome and their α‐glucosidase inhibition mechanism

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract In this study, the polysaccharide (RHCP) extracted from Houttuynia cordata rhizome was acetylated through the acetic anhydride method. The physicochemical properties of RHCP and its acetylated derivatives (Ac‐RHCP) were determined by infrared spectra, scanning electron microscopy, and Congo red test. Meanwhile, the α‐glucosidase inhibition mechanism of RHCP and Ac‐RHCP was analyzed by inhibition kinetics, and circular dichroism and fluorescence spectroscopy. Ac‐RHCP resulted in a more porous surface structure and 1.83‐fold higher solubility compared with RHCP. At a concentration of 6 mg/mL, the α‐glucosidase inhibition rate of Ac‐RHCP was 75.40%, while that of RHCP was 44.68%. RHCP and Ac‐RHCP inhibited α‐glucosidase in a mixed‐type manner, reduced the endogenous fluorescence of α‐glucosidase, affected the microenvironment of amino acid residues, and changed the conformation of α‐glucosidase. The study indicates that Ac‐RHCP exhibits a certain level of α‐glucosidase inhibition, demonstrating its potential as a functional food for glycemic control.
Representation and ranking of fuzzy numbers with heptagonal membership function using value and ambiguity index

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In many real life problems, the parameters used to characterize the uncertainty or vagueness or impreciseness in information are either triangular or trapezoidal fuzzy numbers. But it is not always possible to restrict the membership function to either triangular or trapezoidal form. In this paper, a new form of non-normal fuzzy number named as Heptagonal fuzzy number is introduced and its arithmetic operations are defined. Further, an attempt has been made to give a new version of definition for value and ambiguity of non-normal fuzzy numbers and based on this new definition a parametric ranking method is proposed for ordering Heptagonal fuzzy numbers. Finally, an application of Heptagonal fuzzy number in fuzzy assignment problem is given and it is proved that the optimal value obtained using Heptagonal Fuzzy number is more optimal than the solution obtained by using Trapezoidal fuzzy numbers.
Dutch Disease

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This article outlines the 'Dutch disease', the fear of de-industrialization first seen in the Netherlands in the wake of the appreciation of the Dutch guilder following the discovery of natural gas deposits in the North Sea around 1960. It considers its symptoms, and asks whether it is indeed a 'disease' with negative economic implications. It also briefly reviews some cases of Dutch disease, and the case of Norway, which appears to have successfully avoided it.
Treatment of cervical spinal cord injury without fracture or dislocation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective:To explore the treatment strategies and clinical outcomes of cervical spinal cord injury without fracture or dislocation(CSCIWFD).Method:Fifty-one cases of CSCIWFD patients treated in our hospital from Aug 2005 to Dec 2010 were retrospectively analyzed.Their short and middle-term clinical outcomes were assessed according to JOA scale system.Result:All cases were followed up for 6 to 60 months(mean 24 months).Forty-three cases were surgically treated and their average recovery rate of JOA scale was(46.5±5.8)%,and the percentage of receiving excellent or good ratings was 48.8%.The other 8 cases were conservatively treated and the same indexes were(25.6±3.1)% and 25.0% respectively,which were significantly lower than those from the surgical group(P0.01).35 cases were surgically treated within 7 days since injury.Their average recovery rate of JOA scale was(50.6±3.6)% and the percentage of receiving excellent or good ratings was 54.3%.While the same indexes of the other 8 cases surgically treated after 7 day were(37.5±2.9)% and 25.0% respectively,which were significantly lower than those from the surgical group within 7 days after injury(P0.01).But the average recovery rate of JOA scale and percentage of receiving excellent or good ratings had no significant differences between groups of anterior approach and posterior approach postoperative(P0.05).Conclusion:Appropriate choices of operative method and time according to the radiographic results of the CSCIWFD patients will improve their spinal cord function and achieve relatively satisfactory clinical outcomes.
Study on multi-field coupled numerical simulation of novel hydrothermal phase change fracturing technology

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The new hydrothermal phase change fracturing technology generates high-temperature and high-pressure fluids and instantly releases fractured coal rock bodies, which have good prospects for application in traditional and emerging resource extraction fields. A true triaxial hydrothermal phase change fracturing test and multi-field coupled numerical simulation were designed. The coupled heat-fluid-solid damage model was constructed by COMSOL software, and the change of fluid temperature and pressure, and the damage expansion characteristics of coal rock during the hydrothermal phase change fracturing process were analyzed based on the isentropic expansion theory of fluid. The main research results were: 1. Fracture length increased, and fractal dimension increased with increasing release pressure in different release pressure cases. 2. The damage fractures obtained from the hydrothermal phase change fracturing simulation were distributed along the radial direction, forming four obvious damage zones, and several shorter radial fractures existed near the drill holes. 3. The greater the power of the heat source, the greater the pressure peak, the earlier the damage occurs, when the power of the heat source reaches 6 × 108 W/m3, the rate of temperature rise is maximum, and reaches 450 K in about 10 s. 4. According to the first law of thermodynamics to analyze the adiabatic conditions of the fluid pressure relief would occur after the expansion of the fluid expansion volume increased, the length of the cracks on the surface of the specimen added.
Targeted Therapies in the Treatment of Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common liver cancer and the third leading cause of cancer death. It has been a major worldwide health problem with more new cases being diagnosed each year. The current available therapies for patients with advanced HCC are extremely limited. Therefore, it is of great clinical interests to develop more effective therapies for systemic treatment of advanced HCC. Several promising target-based drugs have been tested in a number of clinical trials. One breakthrough of these efforts is the approved clinical use of sorafenib in patients with advanced HCC. Targeted therapies are becoming an attractive option for the treatment of advanced HCC. In this review, we summarize the most recent progress in clinical targeted treatments of advanced HCC.
Optimum Tracking with Evolution Strategies

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Evolutionary algorithms are frequently applied to dynamic optimization problems in which the objective varies with time. It is desirable to gain an improved understanding of the influence of different genetic operators and of the parameters of a strategy on its tracking performance. An approach that has proven useful in the past is to mathematically analyze the strategy's behavior in simple, idealized environments. The present paper investigates the performance of a multiparent evolution strategy that employs cumulative step length adaptation for an optimization task in which the target moves linearly with uniform speed. Scaling laws that quite accurately describe the behavior of the strategy and that greatly contribute to its understanding are derived. It is shown that in contrast to previously obtained results for a randomly moving target, cumulative step length adaptation fails to achieve optimal step lengths if the target moves in a linear fashion. Implications for the choice of population size parameters are discussed.
Ecological succession of plankton in a biofloc system with molasses as carbon source

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The objective of this research was to establish the ecological succession of the planktonic groups developed in a biofloc system for the cultivation of tilapia. For this purpose, 20 fish of 7±2 cm long and an average weight of 8.6 g were introduced in 200 liters’ cylinders. Every day they were fed commercial food with 40% protein. The diet was calculated considering 10% of the body mass and molasses was added to promote the development of heterotrophic bacteria maintaining a C/N ratio of 15:1. Diversity and abundance of the organisms associated with the bioflocs was analyzed during 10 weeks by direct observation under an optical microscope (Olympus CBX50) connected to an image processing software. At the same time, physicochemical parameters (pH, nitrite, nitrates and ammonium) were measured using a HANNA Aquaculture Photometer auto analyzer (HI83203). Results showed a marked succession of planktonic organisms as the system matured, with the occurrence of facilitation, tolerance and inhibition mechanisms among the groups. Chlorophytes and cyanobacteria were among the facilitator species responsible for the transformation of nitrogen compounds into assimilable forms available for the development of other organisms with more complex structures, so that -throughout the experiment- ciliates and other protozoa appeared quickly, but with variations both in diversity and abundance among the groups. Later on, rotifers, one of the most conspicuous groups, increased represented by the genera Lepadella , Phillodina , Lecane and Habrotrocha . The last group to appear was that of nematodes (sixth week), which indicates that the system was already mature by providing sufficient carbohydrates for the formation of the collagen structures of this group.
A Binding Mode Hypothesis\nof Tiagabine Confirms Liothyronine\nEffect on γ‑Aminobutyric Acid Transporter 1 (GAT1)

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Elevating\nGABA levels in the synaptic cleft by inhibiting its reuptake\ncarrier GAT1 is an established approach for the treatment of CNS disorders\nlike epilepsy. With the increasing availability of crystal structures\nof transmembrane transporters, structure-based approaches to elucidate\nthe molecular basis of ligand–transporter interaction also\nbecome feasible. Experimental data guided docking of derivatives of\nthe GAT1 inhibitor tiagabine into a protein homology model of GAT1\nallowed derivation of a common binding mode for this class of inhibitors\nthat is able to account for the distinct structure–activity\nrelationship pattern of the data set. Translating essential binding\nfeatures into a pharmacophore model followed by in silico screening\nof the DrugBank identified liothyronine as a drug potentially exerting\na similar effect on GAT1. Experimental testing further confirmed the\nGAT1 inhibiting properties of this thyroid hormone.
Joint Sparsity Pattern Learning Based Channel Estimation for Massive MIMO-OTFS Systems

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We propose a channel estimation scheme based on joint sparsity pattern learning (JSPL) for massive multi-input multi-output (MIMO) orthogonal time-frequency-space (OTFS) modulation aided systems. By exploiting the potential joint sparsity of the delay-Doppler-angle (DDA) domain channel, the channel estimation problem is transformed into a sparse recovery problem. To solve it, we first apply the spike and slab prior model to iteratively estimate the support set of the channel matrix, and a higher-accuracy parameter update rule relying on the identified support set is introduced into the iteration. Then the specific values of the channel elements corresponding to the support set are estimated by the orthogonal matching pursuit (OMP) method. Both our simulation results and analysis demonstrate that the proposed JSPL channel estimation scheme achieves an improved performance over the representative state-of-the-art baseline schemes, despite its reduced pilot overhead.
Behavioural and some Physico-Chemical Assessment of Fresh Water Catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) Exposed To Acute Concentrations of Delsate® Herbicide (Glyphosate)

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Acute toxicity data has been used to derive water quality guidelines for regulatory measures. Behavioural and some physico-chemical characteristics of fresh water adult African catfish, Clarias gariepinus exposed to acute concentrations of Delsate herbicide for 96 hour were monitored. The concentrations of the toxicant tested were 0.5 mgL -1 , 1.0 mgL -1 , 1.5 mgL -1 , 2.0 mgL -1 and 2.5 mgL -1 . The 96 hours LC 50 obtained for C. gariepinus with mean weight (661±0.1 g) and standard length (23.5±0.4 cm) was 0.14 mg/L. The upper and lower confidence limits were 0.18% and 0.11% respectively. The mean physico-chemical parameters measured varied from: temperature: 27.45±0.4 to 28.20±0.03 oC, pH: 6.65±0.2 to 7.32±0.08, DO: 7.0±0.1 to 5.33±0.40 mgL-1, CO 2 : 160±0.1 to 5.0 mgL -1 and total hardness: 34 mgL -1 to 0.00 mgL -1 . The behavioural changes observed were secretion of mucus and blood, erratic swimming, faster operculum movement among others. These varied with the concentration of delsate and indicated that increase in delsate concentration increased the mortality rate of C. gariepinus . The results obtained in this study showed that C. gariepinus adults were stressed before death. The use of delsate near fish farm or in agricultural field close to aquatic environment should be discouraged in order to safeguard aquatic organisms such as fish which constitute the major source of human protein. Key Words: Behavioural, delsate, monitored, C. gariepinus and physico-chemical properties