jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Clinical photon-counting computed tomography in living patients detects intra-plaque haemorrhage and thrombus in carotid plaques

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In this study of human carotid endarterectomy plaques (using 1128 regions of interest in a total of 10 plaques), we found that photon counting computed tomography (PCCT) can differentiate between attenuation and the spectral patterns of calcium, intra-plaque haemorrhage, thrombus, fibrosis, necrosis and lipid core. This is the first study to show the potential of PCCT in living patients using clinical routine acquisition settings, with many energy levels to detect atherosclerotic plaque features relevant for plaque rupture (which underlies most strokes and myocardial infarctions). Deepened knowledge of the atherosclerotic plaque features using non-invasive, high-resolution techniques as the recent PCCT is a crucial step towards detecting rupture-prone plaques and, thus, improve risk stratification for diagnosis, prevention or monitoring of therapeutic interventions.
COVID-19 travel restrictions&apos; negative impact on job security and mental health of migrant workers in Saudi Arabia

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Objective: This study aimed to assess travel delay and its association with job insecurity and psychological distress among migrant workers entering Saudi Arabia. Methods: This study surveyed 586 migrant workers who arrived at international airports in Riyadh and Qassim, Saudi Arabia. A well-known tool was used to measure job insecurity (De Witte Job Insecurity Scale) and mental health (general health questionnaire-12). Results: About 70% of the workers had travel delays, with an average delay of 24 weeks. The average job insecurity score was 12.4, and the average mental health distress score was 10.9. Workers who faced travel delays had much higher job insecurity scores (8.72 points higher on average) and more psychological distress (3.72 points higher). Also, higher job insecurity itself was linked to more mental health problems. Conclusion: Travel delays during COVID-19 made migrant workers feel more insecure about their jobs and worsened their mental health. This showed the importance of having policies to protect the jobs and mental well-being of migrant workers during global emergencies.
Approaches to molecular composites from fluorine‐containing bis‐maleimides: Part II

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Continuing our research on molecular composites from fluorine‐containing bis‐maleimides (reported in this journal as Part I), we have prepared and characterized experimental composite films from a fluorine‐free bismaleimide (BMI) with Technora ® fiber and from a fluorine‐containing system of BMI and rigid rod by rapid amine‐initiated anionic polymerization of the bis‐maleimide. We have also explored the effect of increasing amounts of initiator and of system composition on the film structure.
Comment on ‘‘Feynman-Kac path-integral calculation of the ground-state energies of atoms’’

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A Comment on the Letter by Korneziowski, Fry, Orr, and Fazleev, Phys. Rev. Lett. 69, 893 (1993).Received 4 November 1992DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.71.2159©1993 American Physical Society
Evaluating the impact of diluted bitumen and secondary clean-up methods on the phytoplankton, periphyton, and zooplankton communities of a boreal lake

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

There is an extensive body of literature evaluating the effect of spilled oil and subsequent clean-up methods in marine ecosystems, but relatively few studies in a freshwater context. The Freshwater Oil Spill Remediation Study (FOReST) was performed to evaluate the aquatic ecosystem response to diluted bitumen and secondary oil spill clean-up methods. This thesis, as part of the FOReST study, evaluates the response of phytoplankton, periphyton, and zooplankton communities. Previously weathered diluted bitumen was applied to in-lake enclosures, followed by industry standard primary clean-up using shoreline washing and sorbent pads. The secondary treatments evaluated were: enhanced monitored natural recovery (eMNR), which is a variation of bioremediation that uses fertilizer and nutrients such as nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P) to stimulate natural oil-reducing bacteria and shoreline cleaner Corexit EC9580ATM, to wash oil off shoreline macrophytes and into the water for further clean-up using sorbent pads. We found that the application of diluted bitumen and eMNR as a secondary oil spill clean-up method resulted in no effects on the lower-trophic levels of a boreal lake. However, the application of diluted bitumen and the SC treatment resulted in significant acute suppression of the zooplankton population. The acute suppression of zooplankton created a trophic cascade resulting in significantly higher phytoplankton biomass, likely due to predator (zooplankton) suppression, and significantly lower periphyton biomass which was likely outcompeted for nutrients by larger phytoplankton populations. These results indicate that the use of surfactants to clean-up oil spills in freshwaters can lead to increased toxicity and mortality to zooplankton, resulting in cascading effects to other trophic levels.
Community Transformation Through Mosque-Based Empowerment in Amplas Village Kota Medan

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Seeing the phenomenon that occurs, there is a lack of public awareness regarding mosque-based empowerment. The people there consider the mosque only a place of worship. This research aims to determine the level of pb;ic awarenessof the function of the mosque, which is not only a place of worship for muslims but also for activities related to the Islamic religion in the amplas sub-district, Medan city. The method that the researcher used was qualititave descriptive method in which the researcher conducted observation interviews and documentation related to the problem. The results of the research show that many people still thinkthat mosques are only places of worship, even in the amplas sub-district of Medan city, religious studies, recitations are held, as well as various social and humanitarian activities such as donations and social service. Initially they agreed with this, but over time the community became inconsistent in doing things related to the mosque. There are several factors that cause people to be unable to take part in these social activities over time, including being busy with their respective jobs.
SR-FoT: A Syllogistic-Reasoning Framework of Thought for Large Language Models Tackling Knowledge-based Reasoning Tasks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Deductive reasoning is a crucial logical capability that assists us in solving complex problems based on existing knowledge. Although augmented by Chain-of-Thought prompts, Large Language Models (LLMs) might not follow the correct reasoning paths. Enhancing the deductive reasoning abilities of LLMs, and leveraging their extensive built-in knowledge for various reasoning tasks, remains an open question. Attempting to mimic the human deductive reasoning paradigm, we propose a multi-stage Syllogistic-Reasoning Framework of Thought (SR-FoT) that enables LLMs to perform syllogistic deductive reasoning to handle complex knowledge-based reasoning tasks. Our SR-FoT begins by interpreting the question and then uses the interpretation and the original question to propose a suitable major premise. It proceeds by generating and answering minor premise questions in two stages to match the minor premises. Finally, it guides LLMs to use the previously generated major and minor premises to perform syllogistic deductive reasoning to derive the answer to the original question. Extensive and thorough experiments on knowledge-based reasoning tasks have demonstrated the effectiveness and advantages of our SR-FoT.
Insight in a behaviour of Central European Red Kites wintering in Italy

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Migration and over-wintering strategy of raptors can be influenced by many factors such as sex, age and experience of birds, habitat variability and food availability. Based on the telemetry data of nine Red Kites (Milvus milvus), we observed in situ their wintering grounds in southern Italy during winter 2019/2020. Red Kites originated from Austria and the Czech Republic arrived to their wintering grounds from 10th September to 5th December 2019 and departed between 9th February and 7th May 2020. Tagged Kites stayed in their wintering grounds from 73 to 207 days (mean 135±46 SD). These birds occupied home range and the core area from 39 to 9,351 km2 (KDE 95%; mean 3,591±3,460 SD) and 6 to 1,998 km2 (KDE 50%; mean 566±483 SD), respectively. We observed a total of 242 Red Kites at nine communal roost sites (min. = 14, max. = 45 individuals) used by tagged Red Kites. Roosts were situated at an average altitude of 630 m above sea level. Agricultural countryside with small or large fields, small or large forest patches, meadows, pastures, sheep or cattle farms surrounded areas around communal roosts of Red Kites.
First Fit bin packing: A tight analysis

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In the bin packing problem we are given an instance consisting of a sequence of items with sizes between 0 and 1. The objective is to pack these items into the smallest possible number of bins of unit size. FirstFit algorithm packs each item into the first bin where it fits, possibly opening a new bin if the item cannot fit into any currently open bin. In early seventies it was shown that the asymptotic approximation ratio of FirstFit bin packing is equal to 1.7. We prove that also the absolute approximation ratio for FirstFit bin packing is exactly 1.7. This means that if the optimum needs OPT bins, FirstFit always uses at most \lfloor 1.7 OPT \rfloor bins. Furthermore we show matching lower bounds for a majority of values of OPT, i.e., we give instances on which FirstFit uses exactly \lfloor 1.7 OPT \rfloor bins. Such matching upper and lower bounds were previously known only for finitely many small values of OPT. The previous published bound on the absolute approximation ratio of FirstFit was 12/7 \approx 1.7143. Recently a bound of 101/59 \approx 1.7119 was claimed.
The Effects of Different Plant Cover Conditions on Erodibility of Soil

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Because of changes in the surface soil structure during winter the highest potential soil erosion usually occurs in spring. This investigation was undertaken in order to determine the effects of different slope and plant cover conditions on the erodibility of soils before the erosive precipitation of spring in the Isparta-Atabey district. In this research, 3 different slopes (%
The Cultured Nature of Imperial Foraging in Manchuria

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This article uses Chinese and Manchu sources to examine ???imperial foraging??? in the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries as a primary form of environmental relations between humans and the ecology of Manchuria. The article shows that Manchus and Manchuria were not simply conceptual products of exclusive human interaction alone, but tangible results of interactions between humans and other regional biodiversity. The article traces the nascent Manchu state???s initial existential dependence on this biodiversity as it evolved, after 1644, into a deliberate state policy to orchestrate hunting and gathering culture beyond immediate material sustenance. State exploitation of regional resources, especially in the form of resource enclaves, constructed a ???borderland Manchu??? identity distinct from that in China proper, a differentiation based on varying degrees of alienation from northeastern flora and fauna. Regional diversity, however, inhibited state orchestration of environmental relations partly because of inherent contradictions in resource exploitation and preservation. The complexity of interdependencies between nature and culture under an imperial foraging regime ensured that a forage crisis inevitably included an identity crisis, visible by the nineteenth century.
A Simultaneous Denitrification and Fermentation Process for Nitrate Removal in a Whiteleg Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) Recirculating Aquaculture System: Using Endogenous Carbon from a Biofilm

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

During the process of circulating aquaculture, high concentrations of nitrate will accumulate. A simultaneous denitrification and fermentation process is described to remove nitrate from a recirculating aquaculture system using endogenous carbon on a biofilm. 15N isotope technology was used to assess the nitrate removal, mainly through heterotrophic denitrification. The nitrate removal rate could be as high as 98.97%, with a final concentration of nitrate below 1 mg/L. The denitrification process obeys a Michaelis–Menten-type enzyme kinetic model, with a half saturation constant of 99.91 mg/L and a maximum nitrate removal rate of 0.39 mg L−1 h−1 at 28 °C. The functional genes narG and narH for nitrate removal were obtained from Nitrospirae spp. at proportions of 39.13% and 26.16%, respectively. The acetate, propionate and iso-valerate produced by anaerobic fermentation provided the principal electron donors for denitrification.
Non-Adiabatic Effect in Topological and Interacting Charge Pumping

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Topological charge pumping occurs in the adiabatic limit, and the non-adiabatic effect due to finite ramping velocity reduces the pumping efficiency and leads to deviation from quantized charge pumping. In this work, we discuss the relation between this deviation from quantized charge pumping and the entanglement generation after a pumping circle. In the simplest setting, we show that purity $\mathcal{P}$ of the half system reduced density matrix equals to $\mathcal{R}$ defined as $(1-κ)^2+κ^2$, where $κ$ denotes the pumping efficiency. In generic situations, we argue $\mathcal{P}<\mathcal{R}$ and the pumping efficiency can provide an upper bound for purity and, therefore, a lower bound for generated entanglement. To support this conjecture, we propose a solvable pumping scheme in the Rice--Mele--Hubbard model, which can be represented as brick-wall type quantum circuit model. With this pumping scheme, numerical calculation of charge pumping only needs to include at most six sites, and therefore, the interaction and the finite temperature effects can be both included reliably in the exact diagonalization calculation. The numerical results using the solvable pumping circle identify two regimes where the pumping efficiency is sensitive to ramping velocity and support the conjecture $\mathcal{P}<\mathcal{R}$ when both interaction and finite temperature effects are present.
Lack of episodic growth hormone secretion in rats with anterolateral deafferentation of the medial-basal hypothalamus

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Growth hormone secretory dynamics were studied in rats sampled through chronic indwelling right atrial cannulae at time-intervals ranging from 2 days to 2 months after placing an anterolateral cut (ALC) around the medial-basal hypothalamus (MBH). The episodic secretion normally occurring in the control animals could not be seen in the rats with an ALC. Instead of the usual high bursts and low trough levels occurring between 09.00 and 13.00 h in the controls, the operated animals had fairly constant plasma GH levels with only minor fluctuations at all postoperative time-points studied. These results suggest that (1) the isolated MBH is incapable of maintaining the episodic secretion of GH and (2) the pulsatile hormone release is dependent on neural pathways entering the MBH from an anterolateral direction.
NOVA1 acts as an oncogene in melanoma via regulating FOXO3a expression

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Increasing studies have suggested that dysregulation of RNA‐binding proteins (RBPs) contributes to cancer progression. Neuro‐oncological ventral antigen 1 (NOVA1) is a novel RBP and plays an important role in tumour development. However, the expression and role of NOVA1 in melanoma remain unknown. In this study, we indicated that NOVA1 expression was up‐regulated in melanoma samples and cell lines. Moreover, we demonstrated that knockdown of NOVA1 suppressed melanoma cell proliferation, migration and invasion in both A375 and A875 cell lines. In addition, we showed that suppressed expression of NOVA1 enhanced forkhead box O3a (FOXO3a) expression while inhibited AKT expression in melanoma cell. Furthermore, we demonstrated that inhibited expression of FoxO3A rescued NOVA1‐mediated cell proliferation, migration and invasion in melanoma cell line A375. These results suggested that NOVA1 acted as an oncogene in the development of melanoma partly through regulating FoxO3A expression.
Hands-on Introduction to Shock Physics (2020 Report, RR2020-IPD-1)

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) researchers have played key roles in the development of high-pressure science and shock physics since the 1950s. Central to the Laboratory’s experimental capability are multiple impact systems and explosive loading capabilities that span impact velocities in excess of 8 km/s. More recently, our efforts have taken us to 3rd and 4th generation light sources where these loading platforms are coupled to X-ray diagnostics that are now providing new insights into matter-at-extremes. As the availability of these new diagnostics and loading techniques increases, there is an increased need within the high pressure community for researchers with the knowledge base and expertise to use them. Few institutions offer any level of theoretical or experimental coursework designed to train students for work in the field of shock physics or dynamic compression science, and those that do cannot meet the current demand of the national laboratories.
Characterization of the olfactory impact around a wastewater treatment plant: Optimization and validation of a hydrogen sulfide determination procedure based on passive diffusion sampling

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

A monitoring program based on an indirect method was conducted to assess the approximation of the olfactory impact in several wastewater treatment plants (in the present work, only one is shown). The method uses H2S passive sampling using Palmes-type diffusion tubes impregnated with silver nitrate and fluorometric analysis employing fluorescein mercuric acetate. The analytical procedure was validated in the exposure chamber. Exposure periods ofat least 4 days are recommended. The quantification limit of the procedure is 0.61 ppb for a 5-day sampling, which allows the H2S immission (ground concentration) level to be measured within its low odor threshold, from 0.5 to 300 ppb. Experimental results suggest an exposure time greater than 4 days, while recovery efficiency of the procedure, 93.0+/-1.8%, seems not to depend on the amount of H2S collected by the samplers within their application range. The repeatability, expressed as relative standard deviation, is lower than 7%, which is within the limits normally accepted for this type of sampler. Statistical comparison showed that this procedure and the reference method provide analogous accuracy. The proposed procedure was applied in two experimental campaigns, one intensive and the other extensive, and concentrations within the H2S low odor threshold were quantified at each sampling point. From these results, it can be concluded that the procedure shows good potential for monitoring the olfactory impact around facilities where H2S emissions are dominant.
Hepatitis C virus prevalence among patients with thalassemia and inherited bleeding disorders in Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) as the most common causes of post transfusion infections, is a major global health problem due to liver cirrhosis and hepatocarcinoma.HCV prevalence varies from each region of the world to another and is more prevalent in patients receiving blood transfusions.Hence, Patients with thalassemia and inherited bleeding disorders are at high risk of HCV infection.This systematic review and metaanalysis study aimed to determine Hepatitis C Virus prevalence among patients with thalassemia and inherited bleeding disorders in Iran.Methods: Comprehensive searches were carried out in databases including PubMed, EMBASE, the Scientific Information Database (SID) of Iran, the World Health Organization Index Medicus for the Eastern Mediterranean Region (IMEMR WHO), Ebsco, Science Citation Index Expanded, Ovid, Google Scholar, Iran Medex and Magiran up to January 2017.The findings were reported following PRISMA guidelines.The pooled proportion rates were calculated using a Metaprop program on Stata version 14.1 for Mac.Also, the confidence intervals of each study were calculated using the exact method.Results: Forty-seven studies, composed of 12449 patients; 8673 thalassemia and 3776 patients with inherited bleeding disorders (mainly hemophilia), fulfilled our criteria and included in the study.The year of data collected from the studies was between 1998 to 2015.The pooled HCV prevalence was estimated 28% generally (95% confidence intervals [CI]=22%-33%) and the HCV prevalence in patients with thalassemia and inherited bleeding disorders were 19% ([CI] 95%=16%-23%) and 42% ([CI] 95%=33%-52%), respectively.There was a considerable heterogeneity between studies. Conclusion:Our findings indicated the high prevalence of HCV among patients with thalassemia and inherited bleeding disorders with a decreasing trend of past studies in Iran.Moreover, it is significantly higher in patients with inherited bleeding disorders than patients with thalassemia.In comparison with similar studies, the prevalence of HCV infection in Iran is low.
Information Extraction from Legal Documents: A Study in the Context of Common Law Court Judgements

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

‘Common Law’ judicial systems follow the doctrine of precedent, which means the legal principles articulated in court judgements are binding in subsequent cases in lower courts. For this reason, lawyers must search prior judgements for the legal principles that are relevant to their case. The difficulty for those within the legal profession is that the information that they are looking for may be contained within a few paragraphs or sentences, but those few paragraphs may be buried within a hundred-page document. In this study, we create a schema based on the relevant information that legal professionals seek within judgements and perform text classification based on it, with the aim of not only assisting lawyers in researching cases, but eventually enabling large-scale analysis of legal judgements to find trends in court outcomes over time.
Rose Bowl, USC vs Tennessee, Pasadena, Calif., 1940

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

29 photographs of the annual Rose Bowl football game, in this case University of Southern California against the University of Tennessee, Pasadena, California, 1940 January 1. The game was held in the Rose Bowl Stadium in Pasadena. The last 19 images are marked "For International news." Each of the negatives has handwriting, including: "U[niversity of] S[outhern] C[alifornia] 2nd touchdown," "Lansdell -- 10 y[ar]d loss -- or gain 5," "#22 Tenn[essee] makes 8 yards," "Tenn[essee] - pass -- knocked down," "Foxx of Tenn[essee] kicks," "Banta - S[outhern] C[alifornia] kicks to 20 y[ar]d line," "Tenn[essee] makes first down," "#21 0f S[outhern] C[alifornia] - 3 yards," and "Tenn[essee] on a reverse."