jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Ensuring sustained ACT production and reliable artemisinin supply

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

INTRODUCTION: This paper reviews recent trends in the production, supply and price of the active ingredients as well as finished ACT products. Production and cost data provided in this paper are based on an ongoing project (Artepal). Stability data are derived from a development project on rectal artesunate.DISCUSSION: The artemisinin raw material and its derivatives appear to be very stable compared to the finished products. Supply of artemisinin changed in May 2004 when the Global Fund shifted financial support to qualified countries from chloroquine or sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine to an ACT for treatment of malaria. First, there was a sudden shortage of the starting material, and short term scarcity led to a steep rise in API price: it increased dramatically in 2004, from $350 per kg to more than $1000. Second, there was a parallel increase in the number of companies extracting artemisinin from 10 to 80 between 2003 and 2005 in China, and from 3 to 20 in Vietnam. Commercial cultivation began also in East Africa and Madagascar.A steady and predictable demand for the crop can eliminate such wide fluctuations and indirectly contribute to price stability of the herb, the API and ACT. With appropriate mechanisms to reduce those fluctuations, the cost of artemisinin might decrease sustainably to US$ 250-300 per kg.CONCLUSION: Today the global health community is facing the risk of another cyclical swing with lower demand feeding into reduced planting of A. annua and, thereafter, a new shortage of the raw material and higher API prices. International donors, the largest purchasers for ACTs could better coordinate their activities, in order to guarantee purchase of ACTs and consequently of API with manufacturers. In parallel, the base of quality producers of APIs and finished ACT products needs to be broadened.While the ACT programme is still in its early stages, the consequences of another wave of artemisinin and ACT shortages would permanently discredit it and impede any progress in rolling malaria back. PMID: 17868471
Temporal and Spatial Effects of Mass Shootings on Gun Demand

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Abstract Mass shootings in the U.S. have been at the center of the public crisis debate for a long time. Combining information on mass shootings with background check reports from the Federal Bureau of Investigation, this study applies mass shootings as exogenous shocks and reveals that the demand for guns is especially strong in the month in which a shooting occurs, and it decays with time. In addition, results confirm a spatial spillover effect of mass shootings, in which a mass shooting in one state affects gun demand in other states. The magnitude of the effect depends on the distance between the states. Our analysis also explores the difference in the effects between states with loose regulations on handguns and long guns and those with strict regulations. In the former, gun demand increases significantly after mass shootings, whereas in the latter the increase is insignificant. Finally, this study shows that consumers respond heterogeneously given the different characteristics of mass shootings, such as the number of victims and location.
Tumor lysis syndrome during radiotherapy for prostate cancer with bone and bone marrow metastases without visceral metastasis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A 60-year-old male patient presented to our clinic with metastatic (bone and bone marrow) prostate cancer. Radiotherapy (RT) with a total of 30 Gy was planned in 10 fractions for the painful left shoulder region. On the 6th day of RT, urinary output decreased suddenly and dyspnea developed. Laboratory findings suggested tumor lysis syndrome (TLS). The patient, who showed improvement in overall status and had no requirement for hemodialysis up to this time, developed sudden impairment in overall status, dyspnea, and hypotension on the 11th day of follow-up. Thirty minutes after the development of these symptoms, the patient had a cardiopulmonary arrest and died. At the time of writing this was the fourth case of TLS during RT for solid tumors in adults, the first case of TLS during RT for prostate cancer and the fifth among total cases of prostate cancer in published reports.
Unique Gene Expression Profiles in Infants Vaccinated with Different Strains ofMycobacterium bovisBacille Calmette-Guerin

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Vaccination with Mycobacterium bovis bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) has variable efficacy in preventing tuberculosis. We hypothesized that some of this variation might be due to differences among BCG strains. To test this, neonates in Orizaba, Mexico, were vaccinated with one of three different BCG strains (BCG-Brazil [BBCG], BCG-Denmark [DBCG], or BCG-Japan [JBCG]). One year after vaccination, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were obtained and recall immune responses to culture filtrate proteins (CFP) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis were evaluated using quantitative real-time PCR. CFP-activated PBMC from BBCG- and DBCG-immunized children expressed high levels of cytokines characteristic of an adaptive immune response (gamma interferon, interleukin-2β [IL-12β], and IL-27), while those from children immunized with JBCG did not. In contrast, vaccination with JBCG resulted in significantly greater expression of cytokines characteristic of a proinflammatory immune response (IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-24) in PBMC activated with CFP compared to PBMC from children vaccinated with BBCG or DBCG. Thus, different strains of BCG can activate different immune pathways, which may affect long-term vaccine efficacy.
IDDF2018-ABS-0210 Pokemon over-expression accelerates the progression of NAFLD via increasing lipid droplet deposit in hepatocyte

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Background

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered as the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome and is characterised by the accumulation of lipid droplets. Pokemon (FBI-1/ZATB7A) is an important proto-oncogene which is involved in cancer development and adipogenic gene expression. The aim of our study is to explore the role of Pokemon in the development and progression of NAFLD.

Methods

C57BL/6 mice were fed with normal chow (NC) or high-fat diet (HFD) for 16 weeks to induce NAFLD. Pokemon mRNA and protein were detected by RT-PCR and Western-blot as well as immunohistochemistry. NAFLD cell models were established by oleic acid, and si-Pokemon hepatic cancer cell lines were also constructed by plko lentiviral system.

Results

Mice fed with HFD for 16 weeks showed increased body weight, liver weight, liver-to-body weight ratio as well as increased lipid accumulation as shown by H and E staining and Oil Red O staining consistent with the establishment of NAFLD. The Pokemon mRNA as determined by RT-PCR and protein expression as determined by Western blot and immunohistochemistry were significantly increased in mice fed with HFD compared with the NC group(p<0.01). The upregulated Pokemon was accompanied by increased serum TNF-α, IL-6, triglyceride, cholesterol and MDA levels in HFD group (p<0.01). For in vitro study, Pokemon and SREBP-1 protein expression in HepG2 were increased in a concentration-dependent manner when treated with oleic acid (p<0.01). SREBP-1 and FAS mRNA expression were also increased which could be counteracted by pokemon silencing. Knockdown pokemon by si RNA in HepG2 cells showed decreased lipid accumulation, triglyceride content, suppressed mRNA expression of lipogenic genes including FASN, SREBP, SCD-1, HMGCR and genes related with oxidation metabolism including Cpt1 and Acadm.

Conclusions

Pokemon promotes NAFLD progression via increasing lipid accumulation and repressing free acids oxidation.
Sound in ecclesiastical spaces in Cordoba. Architectural projects incorporating acoustic methodology (El sonido del espacio eclesial en Cordoba. El proyecto arquitectonico como procedimiento acustico)

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This thesis is concerned with the acoustic analysis of ecclesiastical spaces, and the subsequent implementation of acoustic design methodology in architectural renovations. One begins with an adequate architectural design of specific elements (shape, materials, and textures), with the intention of elimination of acoustic deficiencies that are common in such spaces. These are those deficiencies that impair good speech intelligibility and good musical audibility. The investigation is limited to churches in the province of Cordoba and to churches built after the reconquest of Spain (1236) and up until the 18th century. Selected churches are those that have undergone architectural renovations to adapt them to new uses or to make them more suitable for liturgical use. The thesis attempts to summarize the acoustic analyses and the acoustical solutions that have been implemented. The results are presented in a manner that should be useful for the adoption of a model for the functional renovation of ecclesiastical spaces. Such would allow those involved in architectural projects to specify the nature of the sound, even though somewhat intangible, within the ecclesiastical space. Thesis advisors: Jaime Navarro and Juan J. Sendra Copies of this thesis written in Spanish may be obtained by contacting the advisor, Jaime Navarro, E.T.S. de Arquitectura de Sevilla, Dpto. de Construcciones Arquitectonicas I, Av. Reina Mercedes, 2, 41012 Sevilla, Spain. E-mail address: jnavarro@us.es
Cooperative Learning Model: Learning Solutions for Slow Learner Students in Elementary Schools

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The phenomenon of teacher-centered learning activities, limited availability of media and supporting tools, and the existence of students who have slow understanding abilities in learning (Slow Learners) are one of the bases for this research. The aim of this research is to determine and describe the planning, implementation and improvement of Islamic Religious Education learning outcomes for Slow Learner students using the Cooperative Learning model. This type of research is Classroom Action Research which was carried out at a school in Indonesia. The research subject was a teacher with twenty students. Data collection techniques used were observation and tests. All data was analyzed using descriptive quantitative analysis, so that a conclusion was obtained about improving learning outcomes using the cooperative learning model. This research found that the use of a cooperative learning model with careful planning and good implementation can increase students' learning completeness.
“Memories of My Body” Movie Ban as An Effect of Dominant Anti-LGBT Discourse in Depok City

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

"Memories of My Body" screening ban in 2019 by Depok local government is deemed problematic since it has already passed Film Censor Board (LSF). This paper aimed to better understand the decision made by the Depok local government in banning the movie through critical discourse analysis. This paper is a discourse analysis understand the discourse surrounding the movie ban in Depok.. This paper's primary data is literature studies from numerous electronic news sources. Norman Fairclough’s critical discourse analysis is used as a theory and methodology. The result from this research shows that there are two main discourses: protecting younger generation and incompatibility toward Islamic values. After further analysis, it is found that these discourses also exist in another events. This fact shows that the movie ban is an effect from a dominant discourse against LGBTQ community.
The effects of larval midgut fluid on the insecticidal activity of Bacillus thuringiensis parasporal crystal

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The effects of larval midgut fluid on the toxicity of Bacillus thuringiensis parasporal crystal were reviewed in this paper. The characteristics of larval midgut juice, including pH value, the composition and activity of proteases, affect not only the crystal solubility and efficiency of protoxin activation,but also its insecticidal specificity. On the other hand, excessive degradation of protoxins in midgut juices was responsible for the low susceptibility of some insects. On the contrary, the retardation of protoxin activation in midgut juice contributes to the resistance of some insects against Bt. Moreover, the precipitation effect of gut juice on protoxins was another factor to lower Bt toxicity.
Towards Entrepreneurial Ecosystem Indicators : Speed and Acceleration

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

We suggest the use of indicators to analyze entrepreneurial ecosystems, in a way similar to ecological indicators: simple, measurable, and actionable characteristics, used to convey relevant information to stakeholders and policymakers. We define 3 possible such indicators: Fundraising Speed, Acceleration and nth-year speed, all related to the ability of startups to develop more or less rapidly in a given ecosystem. Results based on these 3 indicators for 6 prominent ecosystems (Berlin, Israel, London, New York, Paris, Silicon Valley) exhibit markedly different situations and trajectories. Altogether, they contribute to confirm that such indicators can help shed new and interesting light on entrepreneurial ecosystems, to the benefit of potentially more grounded policy decisions, and all the more so in otherwise blurred and somewhat cacophonic environments.
Raw data for SELDI-TOF low range from article: Free serum haemoglobin is associated with brain atrophy in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Raw normalised data from SELDI-TOF at low range following Expression Difference Mapping (ProteinChip Data Manager. Bio-Rad). Columns contain sample name, sample group (corresponds to longitudinal measurements for each patients at 1,3,4 and 5), peak number (all peaks detected at low range at each time point), peak intensity and mass/charge ratio.
A quantitative analysis of the innervation of the pulp of the cat's canine tooth

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Abstract Although the cat's canine tooth has become the accepted model for the electrophysiological study of dental sensory mechanisms no examination of its innervation has been carried out at the electron‐microscopical level. This study looked at the number and size distribution of both myelinated and non‐my‐elinated fibers in the crown of the cat's canine. The material examined was prepared by routine methods and the measurements taken from electron‐microscopical montages of pulpal cross‐sections. The measurements were made using a Quantimet 720 image analysis system. In one complete cross‐section 3,470 fibers were counted. Eighty‐one percent of these were non‐myelinated with a modal diameter of 0.35 μm. The modal diameter of the myelinated fibers was 2.5 μm. The relative preponderance of non‐myelinated fibers increased from core to periphery. The largest myelinated fibers were concentrated in the core. The fiber size distribution was similar in the single complete and two partial sections examined. It is concluded that all the fibers in the crown of the cat's canine would be contained in the A‐delta and C groups and that the strikingly large number of fibers present suggests that the peripheral pulp has a dense innervation, many of the cell processes found there being unsheathed axons.
PENENGGULANGAN CAPLAK RHIPICEPHALUS SANGUINEUS DENGAN VAKSINASI

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

The tiltle of this study is Rltipiceplta/us sanguineus controls by vaccination. The vaccine used from crude adulttick extracts to vaccinated dogs, shccps and rabits. The experimental animals were inoculated subkutaneously, threetimes every two weeks with crude adult tick extracts and adjuvant. Fifteen days after the last inoculation all animalswere submitted to challenge infestation with unfed adult ticks. The dogs were placed in the severe contaminatedenvironment. The ticl.:s were placed inside a feeding chamber consisting of a plastic tube to the saved back of shccps.Ticks were placed for save behind the ear of rabbits. Observation was done 3 days after infestation. The results ofthis investigation were observed that most of ticks were recovered in dogs either vaccinated or non vaccinatedgroups, however on the control groups without vaccinated ticks the infestation were higher than vaccinated groupsas well as in the sheeps and rabbits. In the rabbits although ERCE value between vaccinated and non vaccinatedgroups not significants statistically, there were demonstrated that ERCE value in the vaccinated groups lower thancontrol groups without vaccinated. According to our investigation we can concluded the usc of tick antigen couldinduced resistance by direct immunisation. Adult ticks of Rltipicepltalus sanguineus crude extract tends to induceresistance in rabbits, sheeps and dogs with different level of resistance. The immunity seems not to be acquiredduring a natural exposure tends to evolved with crude adult tick extracts vaccinations
Novel maxillary enlargement technique in congenital nasal pyriform aperture stenosis: a case report and literature review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Congenital nasal pyriform aperture stenosis (CNPAS) is a rare cause of neonate nasal obstruction. Because newborns are natural nasal breathers, urgent treatment may be needed. CNPAS is diagnosed by clinical symptoms and signs, and CT. In severe cases, surgical approach is needed. The most often used approach is widening of pyriform aperture via sublabial incision with nasal tubing. We report a novel surgical approach as a curative treatment for CNPAS by immediate transverse enlargement of the maxilla. We also review current literature of the condition focusing on surgical management of the disease.
Differences in Population Dynamics of the Green Rice Leafhopper, Nephotettix cincticeps UHLER, (Hemiptera : Deltocephalidae) in Two Districts of Japan

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In southwestern pasts of Japan (Tokai-Nisinippon district), the population density of Nephotettix Cincticeps UHLER is kept at a low and remarkably constant level, but in some areas along the northern coast (Hokuriku district) it fluctuates widely and sometimes results in serious damage to the rice plants. Analysis of light-trap records and sweep-net samples showed that the regression coefficient of the log density of peak generation on that of spring geoeration was less than unity (suggesting a density dependent process) and the correlation coefficient between the two was low in the Tokai-Nisinippon district. On the other hand, the regression coefficient was high and often larger than unity in the Hokuriku district, suggesting that the population often escapes from environmental pressure in this district. As the correlation coefficient was high, the density of summerautumn generations in the Hokuriku district can be forecasted by the density of the spring generation. The density of N. cincticeps in the Hokuriku district often reached a high level which was rarely seen in the Tokai-Nisinihon district. In the Hokuriku district, In the Hokuriku district, the amount of snowfall is considered to be most important factor contributing to the density change. Thus N. cincticeps in the Hokuriku district is considered to take an opportunistic strategy. Environmental, behavioural and physiological differences of this insect in the two districts should be the subject of future studies.
Regional setting of Carboniferous volcanism in the Midland Valley of Scotland

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

ABSTRACT In the early Carboniferous, the portion of continental crust that now constitutes Scotland lay within the hinterland of a large continent that extended westwards to what is now the western parts of North America, eastwards to what is now the Urals and northwards towards what is now Arctic Canada, Greenland, Scandinavia and Russia. Open ocean probably lay at between 600 and 1000 km to the south. Whereas mountainous terrane lay to the north of the Highland Boundary fault, the Scottish Midland Valley, like the Northumberland Trough further south, was a region of low relief subject to periodic marine incursions. A period of block faulting and concomitant basaltic volcanism commenced at the beginning of the Carboniferous at c . 350 Ma. This had manifestations in various regions of the British Isles from the south-west of England to the west of Ireland and as far north as the Midland Valley (Francis 1978, 1991; Upton 1982; Cameron and Stephenson 1985).
Development of alcohol withdrawal by voluntary alcohol intake in tumour-bearing mice.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Twenty-eight female mice of the first filial generation of a C57BL KR cross were used. Twelve mice developed tumours in the thoracoabdominal region 11 months after birth. A drastic enhancement of alcohol preference occurred within one month after the discovery of mammary adenoma and the animals eventually became drunk and remained so for several days. Of 12 mice developing tumours, 10 showed a conspicuous degree of drunkenness and decrease of body weight, with some developing tremors and wet dog shakes reminiscent of the alcohol withdrawal syndrome. The remaining 2 also displayed a marked preference for alcohol, though not to the extent of developing the drunkenness syndrome. None of 16 mice in the tumour-free group was observed to have significant alcohol preference. Most animals in the tumour-free group ingested alcohol mainly at night, whereas those in the tumour-bearing group ingested alcohol throughout the 24 hours. The blood alcohol concentrations of the drunken mice were over 4 mg/ml.
Magnetic susceptibility of minerals in high magnetic fields

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

We model the evolution of plant mating systems under the joint effects of pollen discounting and pollen limitation, using a dynamic model of inbreeding depression, allowing for partial purging of recessive lethal mutations by selfing. Stable mixed mating systems occur for a wide range of parameter values with pollen discounting alone. However, when typical levels of pollen limitation are combined with pollen discounting, stable selfing rates are always high but less than 1 (0.9
Mega‐Regional Agreements and Their Impact on Australia

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Abstract This paper estimates the effects of emerging mega‐regional agreements on the economy of Australia using a Computable General Equilibrium model. Scenarios considered include the 11‐member Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans‐Pacific Partnership (CPTPP) agreement, its possible enlargement to include five additional members (‘TPP16’) and the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) currently under negotiation. The study finds that Australia stands to enjoy real income and trade gains along both the CPTPP and RCEP paths. However, since Australia is already benefiting from its own liberal trade policies and many prior trade agreements, benefits are relatively modest, typically below one per cent of real income .