jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
CABS-flex 2.0: a web server for fast simulations of flexibility of protein structures

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Classical simulations of protein flexibility remain computationally expensive, especially for large proteins. A few years ago, we developed a fast method for predicting protein structure fluctuations that uses a single protein model as the input. The method has been made available as the CABS-flex web server and applied in numerous studies of protein structure-function relationships. Here, we present a major update of the CABS-flex web server to version 2.0. The new features include: extension of the method to significantly larger and multimeric proteins, customizable distance restraints and simulation parameters, contact maps and a new, enhanced web server interface. CABS-flex 2.0 is freely available at http://biocomp.chem.uw.edu.pl/CABSflex2.
Ethnomedicinal knowledge of plants used as mono, di and polyherbal formulation for the treatment of common ailments and COVID-19 in the villages of Hamedan, Iran

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aim.This study aimed to document the native ethnomedicinal plants in mono, di and polyherbal combination used by people to cure various ailments, Qorveh-e Darjazin district of Hamedan province of Iran.Methods.Data were collected through both individual interviews and focus group discussions (FGDs) using interviewing 87 people in 28 villages.Plants voucher samples were also collected and classified with their families, botanical terms, local names, usages and miscellaneous matters via international and standard questionnaires.A total of 45 plant species belonging to 26 families are reported to be used for the treatment of a wide range of complaints, such as respiratory diseases like coronavirus (COVID-19), cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, ulcers, anemia, catarrh, digestive and urinary systems disorders, irregular menstruation, skin disorders, bone and rheumatic disorders etc. by monoherbal (45), diherbal (70) and polyherbal (57) ethnomedicinal formulations.Data were compared with those formerly gathered.Results.The authors found evidence that di and polyherbal known as Ayurvedic medicine is a preferred folk medicinal system of this area to prevent unwanted suffering of intense and prevalent ailments especially for irregular menstruation, anemia, calming the nervous systems, diarrhea, gastric ulcers, blood purification, hypertension, bone and rheumatic disorders, and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2 or COVID-19) with the mixed formulation for natural elements in a particular ratio.Conclusion.The study reveals the rich polyherbal knowledge of the people of 28 villages of Hamadan that possess in traditional medicine.Recommendation.Polyherbal formulation of plants used by people of this area can be considered as an applicable safe strategy in control measures against novel diseases like COVID-19 and achieve greater therapeutic efficacy.
Characteristics of a Metal-Cluster-Complex Ion Beam and Its Application to Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS)

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Metal cluster complexes are chemically-synthesized organometallic compounds, which have a wide range of chemical compositions with high molecular weight. Using a metal-cluster-complex ion source, sputtering characteristics of a silicon substrate bombarded with normally incident Ir4(CO)7+ ions were investigated. Experimental results showed that the sputtering yield at 10 keV was 36, which is higher than that with Ar+ ions by a factor of 24. Further, secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) of boron-delta-doped silicon samples and organic films of poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) was performed. Using the Ir4(CO)7+ ion beam, the depth resolution of 0.9 nm was obtained at 5keV, 45o with oxygen flooding of 1.3×10−4 Pa. Additionally, it was confirmed that Ir4(CO)7+ ion beams significantly enhanced secondary ion intensity in high-mass range.
Molecular Imaging of Atherosclerotic Plaques Targeted to Oxidized LDL Receptor LOX-1 by SPECT/CT and Magnetic Resonance

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background—The oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) LOX-1 plays a crucial role in atherosclerosis. We sought to detect and assess atherosclerotic plaque in vivo by using single-photon emission computed tomography/ computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging and a molecular probe targeted at LOX-1. Methods and Results—Apolipoprotein E/ mice fed a Western diet and LDLR/ and LDLR//LOX-1/ mice fed an atherogenic diet were used. Imaging probes consisted of liposomes decorated with anti–LOX-1 antibodies or nonspecific immunoglobulin G, 111indium or gadolinium, and 1,1-dioctadecyl-3,3,3,3-tetramethylindocarbocyanine fluorescence markers. In vivo imaging was performed 24 hours after intravenous injection (150 L) of LOX-1 or nonspecific immunoglobulin G probes labeled with either 111indium (600 Ci) or gadolinium (0.075 mmol/kg), followed by aortic excision for phosphor imaging and Sudan IV staining, or fluorescence imaging and hematoxylin/ eosin staining. The LOX-1 probe also colocalized with specific cell types, apoptosis, and matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression in frozen aortic sections. Single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography imaging of the LOX-1 probe showed aortic arch “hot spots ” in apolipoprotein E/ mice (n8), confirmed by phosphor imaging. Magnetic resonance imaging showed significant Gd enhancement in atherosclerotic plaques in LDLR/ mice with the LOX-1 (n7) but not with the nonspecific immunoglobulin G (n5) probe. No signal enhancement was observed in LDLR//LOX-1/ mice injected with the LOX-1 probe (n5). These results were confirmed by ex vivo
Asymmetric pulse effects on pair production in chirped electric fields

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We investigate the effects of the asymmetric pulse shapes on electron-positron pair production in three distinct fields: chirp-free, small frequency chirp, and large frequency chirp fields via the real-time Dirac-Heisenberg-Wigner formalism. Our findings reveal the disappearance of interference effects with shorter falling pulse length, and the peak is concentrated on the left side of the momentum spectrum. As the falling pulse length extends, an incomplete multi-ring structure appears in the momentum spectrum. The number density of particles are very sensitive to the asymmetry of the pulse. With a long falling pulse, the number density can be significantly enhanced by over four orders of magnitude when certain frequency chirps are utilized. These results highlight the impact of the effective dynamically assisted mechanism and the frequency chirp on pair creation.
Shear Banding in Drying Films of Colloidal Nanoparticles

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Drying suspensions of colloidal nanoparticles exhibit a variety of interesting strain release mechanisms during film formation. These result in the selection of characteristic length scales during failure processes such as cracking and subsequent delamination. A wide range of materials (e.g., bulk metallic glasses) release strain through plastic deformations which occur in a narrow band of material known as a shear band. Here we show that drying colloidal films also exhibit shear banding. Bands are observed to form a small distance behind the drying front and then to propagate rapidly at ∼45° to the direction of drying. It is shown that the spacing of the bands depends on salt concentration and the evaporation rate of the colloidal suspension. These combined observations suggest that there is a critical shear rate (related to the film yield stress) which controls the ratio of bandwidth to band spacing. Local deformations were measured in the early stages of drying using fluorescent tracer particles. The measurements were used to show that the existence of shear bands is linked to the compaction of particles perpendicular to the drying front. The spacing of shear bands was also found to be strongly correlated with the characteristic length scale of the compaction process. These combined studies elucidate the role of plastic deformation during pattern formation in drying films of colloidal nanoparticles.
High Performance NdFeB Sintered Magnets and Their Applications

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

As NdFeB sintered magnets have been improved not only in magnetic properties but also in cost-performance, they have been remarkably expanding in the global markets. Especially, motor applications by using NdFeB sintered magnets are rapidly increasing because improvements in motor efficiency are urgent to reduce CO2 exhaust gas. Market demands for these magnets are focused on (1) higher energy products, (2) higher thermal stability and reliability, (3) sales price reduction. Therefore, it is very important to investigate how to realize an excellent alignment of 2-14-1 grains in sintered magnet and how to increase coercive force with a minimum content of Dy through the powder metallurgical process. In this paper, the market trend of NdFeB sintered magnets is introduced and the latest investigation on high performance NdFeB sintered magnets are described.
Effect of Slope Gradients on Erosion from a Red Soil Hillslope under Different Rainfall Intensity

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The simulated rainfall experiment was used to quantify the effects of slope gradients on runoff and soil erosion processes on red earth hillslopes under different rainfall intensity conditions.The results showed that the initial slope red soil runoff rates increased the time in advance with the slope,but weren't obvious,start time of slope runoff was mainly affected by rainfall intensity control sooner or later;slope runoff increased with rainfall intensity increases,with slope gradient was more complex,in the rain intensity of 50 mm/h,the runoff with slope decreased with increased in rainfall intensity for the 75 mm/h,the increase in runoff with slope then decreased;Under different rainfall erosion of the slope of the rainfall rates were in the initial sharp rise,followed by the index fell to form a lean to the left of the curve.Slope of the impact of slope erosion increased with rainfall intensity increased;The amount of red soil erosion increased with rainfall intensity increased significantly,with the slope of the increase in the 50 mm/h rain intensity at first increased and then decreased when the trend,there was a critical near the 20° slope;at 75 mm/h rain intensity,erosion increased with slope.
Aerosol-deposited BaFe&lt;sub&gt;0.7&lt;/sub&gt;Ta&lt;sub&gt;0.3&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;3-δ&lt;/sub&gt; for nitrogen monoxide and temperature-independent oxygen sensing

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract. The gas sensing properties of resistive gas sensors of BaFe0.7Ta0.3O3-δ (BFT30) prepared by the so-called aerosol deposition method, a method to manufacture dense ceramic films at room temperature, were investigated. The electrical response of the films was investigated first under various oxygen concentrations and in a wide temperature range between 350 and 900 °C. Between 700 and 900 °C, the conductivity of BaFe0.7Ta0.3O3-δ (BFT30) depends on the oxygen concentration with a slope of almost 1/4 in the double-logarithmic plot vs. oxygen partial pressure. In addition, the sensor response is temperature independent. BFT30 responds fast and reproducibly to changing oxygen partial pressures even at 350 °C. The cross-sensitivity has been investigated in environments with various gases (C3H8, NO, NO2, H2, CO, CO2, and H2O) in synthetic air between 350 and 800 °C. BFT30 exhibits good sensing properties to NO between 350 and 400 °C in the range from 1.5 to 2000 ppm with a high selectivity to the other investigated gas species. Thus this semiconducting ceramic material is a good candidate for a temperature-independent oxygen sensor at high temperatures with the application in exhausts and for a selective nitrogen monoxide (NO) sensor at low temperatures for air quality monitoring.
Subgroup analysis of the phase 2 part of the RINGSIDE phase 2/3 trial of varegacestat for treatment of desmoid tumors.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

11516 Background: Gamma secretase inhibitors (GSIs) have shown antitumor activity against desmoid tumors (DT). The RINGSIDE Phase 2 study (NCT04871282) demonstrated early and continued response to three dose regimens of varegacestat (AL102) in patients with DTs. We evaluated treatment response in key subgroups. Methods: RINGSIDE Phase 2 is an open-label, dose-finding study in adults with progressing DT (≥10% unidimensional growth ≤18 months or DT-related pain requiring non-opioid medication). Participants were randomized to three dose regimens: 1.2 mg once daily (n=14), 2 mg intermittent (n=14) or 4 mg intermittent (n=14) (intermittent = 2 days on, 5 days off). In the open-label extension (OLE) period, all active participants began receiving 1.2 mg once daily. We performed descriptive analyses of objective response rate (ORR) in the following subgroups with at least 5 participants: age (≤40 years vs. >40 years), tumor size (<70 mm vs. ≥70 mm), prior lines of therapy (0, 1, or 2+), tumor location (intra-abdominal vs. extra-abdominal) and mutational biomarkers ( APC vs CTNNB1 ). Subgroups were analyzed by pooling across dose regimens. Results: RINGSIDE Phase 2 enrolled 42 participants, of whom 29 (69%) entered the OLE. As of April 10, 2024, median time on treatment was 23.1 months (range 0.7 – 26.6) and 23 participants (55%) were still on treatment. Median age was 38.5 years (range 19 – 72), 74% were women, and 69% received prior DT therapy. ORR ranged from 43% to 78% across age, tumor size, prior therapy, tumor location and mutation subgroups (Table). Response rates were comparable across all subgroups examined. Conclusions: Comparable, objective tumor responses to oral varegacestat therapy were shown in all subgroups examined. These findings support continued evaluation of all desmoid tumor patients independent of subgroups in the ongoing, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled Phase 3 study of varegacestat (RINGSIDE NCT04871282). Clinical trial information: NCT04871282 . Varegacestat response in subgroups. Subgroups ORRResponder (%) Age ≤40 years (n=22) vs. >40 years (n=14) 13 (59) vs. 10 (71) Tumor size <70 mm (n=18) vs. ≥70 mm (n=14) 13 (72) vs. 9 (64) Prior lines of therapy: 0 (n=11), 1 (n=16), or 2+ (n=9) 6 (55), 10 (63), 7 (78) Intra-abdominal (n=9) vs. extra-abdominal (n=27) 4 (44) vs. 19 (70) APC (n=7) vs CTNNB1 (n=19) mutation 3 (43) vs. 13 (68)
Medallic Portraits "à l’antique" of the French Kings before Louis XIV

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The early medallic production of French Kings was hardly systematic: it was not until the reign of Henry IV that the idea of histoire métallique took shape, and even then it was not fully realized. However, even the early medals provide us with interesting examples of a well-premeditated programme and a propagandistic dimension. One of the focal tendencies in the public image of the Renaissance kings was the adaptation of classical motifs and their inclusion into royal iconography. The paper analyses the classical elements present on the portrait medals of the French rulers before Louis XIV, their meanings, ancient analogies and sources.
Clinical significance of esophageal invasion length for the prediction of mediastinal lymph node metastasis in Siewert type II adenocarcinoma: A retrospective single‐institution study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Aim This study investigated whether esophageal invasion length (EIL) of a tumor from the esophagogastric junction could be a possible indicator of mediastinal lymph node metastasis and survival in patients with Siewert type II adenocarcinoma. Methods One hundred and sixty‐eight patients with Siewert type II tumor who underwent surgery were enrolled. Metastatic stations and recurrent lymph node sites were classified into cervical, upper/middle/lower mediastinal, and abdominal zones. EIL was correlated with overall metastasis or recurrence in individual zones and with survival. Results Siewert type II patients with an EIL of more than 25 mm (>25 mm EIL group) had a higher incidence of overall metastasis or recurrence in the upper and middle mediastinal zones than those with an EIL of less than or equal to 25 mm (≤25 mm EIL group) ( P = .001 and P < .001). Disease‐free and overall survival in the >25 mm EIL group were significantly lower than those of the ≤25 mm EIL group ( P < .001). None of the Siewert type II patients with metastasis or recurrence in the upper and middle mediastinal zones survived for more than 5 years. Only an EIL of more than 25 mm was a significant preoperative predictor of overall metastasis or recurrence in the upper and middle mediastinal zones (odds ratio, 8.85; 95% CI, 2.31‐33.3; P = .001). Conclusion A multimodal‐therapeutic strategy should be investigated in Siewert type II patients once the tumor has invaded more than 25 mm to the esophageal wall.
AYNUL HIRRA (CAT'S EYE): INTRODUCTION AND THERAPEUTIC BENEFITS OF A PRECIOUS GEMSTONE IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF UNANI MEDICINE

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In the Unani System of Medicine (USM), drugs are mainly obtained from three sources: plants, animals and minerals. Drugs from mineral sources are focused less in comparison to plant-origin drugs. ' ' (cat's eye) is a precious gemstone, known for its specific glistening or shiny nature. Besides its ornamental uses, it is also used for Medicinal purposes in the form of paste and powder as mentioned by several Unani physicians. It acts as an exhilarant, nerve tonic, eye tonic, cicatrizant, antiflatulent and digestive. This comprehensive study deals with vernacular names, identification, historical significance, medicinal properties and chemical constituents of the cat's eye. This review provides us with better information about various features of a cat's eye.
Physically Guided Generative Adversarial Network for Holographic 3D Content Generation From Multi-View Light Field

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Realizing high-fidelity three-dimensional (3D) scene representation through holography presents a formidable challenge, primarily due to the unknown mechanism of the optimal hologram and huge computational load as well as memory usage. Herein, we propose a Physically Guided Generative Adversarial Network (PGGAN), which is the first generative model to transform the multi-view light field directly to holographic 3D content. PGGAN harmoniously fuses the fidelity of data-driven learning with the rigor of physical optics principles, ensuring a stable reconstruction quality across wide field of view, which is unreachable by current central-view-centric approaches. The proposed framework presents an innovative encoder-generator-discriminator, which is informed by a physical optics model. It benefits from the speed and adaptability of data-driven methods to facilitate rapid learning and effectively transfer to novel scenes, while its physics-based guidance ensures that the generated holograms adhere to holographic standards. A unique, differentiable physical model facilitates end-to-end training, which aligns the generative process with the "holographic space", thereby improving the quality of the reconstructed light fields. Employing an adaptive loss strategy, PGGAN dynamically adjusts the influence of physical guidance in the initial training stages, later optimizing for reconstruction accuracy. Empirical evaluations reveal PGGAN's exceptional ability to swiftly generate a detailed hologram in as little as 0.002 seconds, significantly eclipsing current state-of-the-art techniques in speed while maintaining superior angular reconstruction fidelity. These results demonstrate PGGAN's effectiveness in producing high-quality holograms rapidly from multi-view datasets, advancing real-time holographic rendering significantly.
The Temperature Dependence of Ion Pair Dissociation Constants. I. o-Dichlorobenzene1

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Temperature Dependence of Ion Pair Dissociation Constants. I. o-Dichlorobenzene1H. L. Curry and W. R. GilkersonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1957, 79, 15, 4021–4023Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1957Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1957https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01572a017RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views110Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (347 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Effect of Climate Change on Plant-Insect Interaction

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Climate change is currently the most dynamic and important worldwide environmental issue. Rising temperatures, frequent droughts, erratic precipitation, and other effects of the greenhouse effect and climate change are already clearly visible. In the modern era, plants are typically vulnerable to new environmental factors, such as higher levels of solar radiation, rise in temperatures, greenhouse effect, and changes in rainfall patterns over the seasons, as a result of natural cycles and anthropogenic activities and their effects on the global climate. The biochemistry of plants and consequently their defensive mechanisms can be significantly altered by elevated temperatures, CO2, and sudden changes in rainfall patterns. Thus, the interactions between plants and insects are altered, having a substantial impact on both natural ecosystems and food security. Reductions in plant fitness and reproduction may have an impact on human nutrition, which is dependent on insect pollination. Therefore, it is important and difficult for agriculture to understand how plants and insects respond to abiotic stress. The influence of climate change on agricultural output, as mediated by changes in the populations of extreme insect pests, should be carefully examined in the development and execution of efficient solutions for future insect pest management programmes.
Should the Pharmaceutical Industry be Nationalized?

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

acturing chemists, selling their product for a fair return ?Their pharmacological and much of their pharmaceutical research should be done by a P.R.C., and their costly promo- tion replaced by a proper information service run as part of the National Health Service.If this partial take-over did not work, then complete nationalization should be resorted to.-I am, etc., London S.