jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A pilot randomized controlled trial of exercise to improve walking energetics among older adults with mobility limitation: The HealthySteps Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Mobility is a fundamental component of healthy aging; however, mobility limitation is a prevalent, energetically costly problem among older adults. We conducted a pilot randomized controlled trial to compare the effects of two, 12-week exercise interventions (timing and coordination, TC; aerobic walking, AW) to an active control (stretching and relaxation; SR) on outcomes related to mobility among community-dwelling older adults with mobility limitation (n=72). At 12 weeks, TC reduced mean energy cost of walking by 13-15% versus SR. Among those with high baseline cost, TC reduced mean energy cost by 20-26% versus SR. Reductions were maintained at 24-week follow-up. AW had no effect at 12 or 24 weeks. Fatigability, daily physical activity, endurance, physical function, and life-space mobility did not change with TC or AW versus SR at 12 or 24 weeks. In summary, 12 weeks of TC, but not AW, improved walking economy among older adults with mobility limitation.
Synergism of Lecanicillium lecanii (Zimm) and Chromolaena odorata L. Leaf Extract to Control Aphis gossypii (Glover) in Chili Plants

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of the appropriate and effective application of the L. lecanii fungus and C. odorata L. leaf extract in increasing the mortality of A. gossypii. The study was divided into two stages. The first stage was in vitro test of L. lecanii synergism plus C. odorata L. leaf extract in PDA media with four treatments, namely LK0= L. lecanii 107 conidia.mL-1 plus 0% C. odorata L. leaf extract, LK1= L. lecanii 107 conidia.mL-1 plus 10% C. odorata L. leaf extract, LK2= L. lecanii 107 conidia.mL-1 plus 25% C. odorata L. leaf extract; LK3= L. lecanii 107 conidia.mL-1 plus 40% C. odorata L. leaf extract. The second stage was the toxicity test of the application of L. lecanii suspension and C. odorata L. leaf extract on mortality of A. gossypii. The toxicity test was based on the results of the synergism test, where the addition of C. odorata L. leaf extract to L. lecanii growing media showed incompatible results. Therefore, the toxicity test was carried out separately with five treatments, namely H0= Control (aqua dest); H1= Conidia suspension L. lecanii 107 conidia mL-1; H2= 10% C. odorata leaf extract; H3= 25% leaf extract of C. odorata; H4= 40% C. odorata leaf extract. The results showed that the compatibility test of L. lecanii with leaf extract of C. odorata L. was incompatible and classified as toxic. The addition of C. odorata L. leaf extract in concentrations of 10%, 25%, and 40% could significantly inhibit colony growth, sporulation, and conidia viability of L. lecanii, with a higher level of inhibition as the concentration of C. odorata L. leaf extract, was added. The toxicity test of a separate application of C. odorata L. leaf extract and L. lecanii suspension had a significant effect on mortality of 3rd instar nymph A. gossypii, with the highest mean mortality found in a single application of 40% C. odorata L. leaf extract with an average mortality of 100% at 96 HAA(Hours After Application) observations. Keywords: A. gossypii, C. odorata L. leaf extract, L. lecanii, synergism.
Collaboration and partnership in managing skid resistance for TMR Queensland

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

An objective of the Queensland Department of Transport and Main Roads (TMR) is to provide 'A safe transport system leading to improved health and well being for Queenslanders' (TMR's Corporate Plan 2010-2014). Managing skid resistance is an essential part of the department's responsibility to ensure public safety. The development of the department's Skid Resistance Management Plan (SRMP) has evolved over a number of years through research studies and collaboration and partnership with national experts, Australian state road authorities and other stakeholders. Collaboration and partnership supported by relevant research studies have proven to be essential elements in the success of managing skid resistance for Queensland's state controlled road network. This paper outlines the achievements and obstacles in developing and implementing the SRMP.
PENICILLIN YIELDS FROM NEW MOLD STRAINS

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPENICILLIN YIELDS FROM NEW MOLD STRAINSM. P. Backus, J. F. Stauffer, and M. J. JohnsonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1946, 68, 1, 152–153Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1946Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1946https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01205a518https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01205a518research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views100Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Security challenges in internet of things: survey

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The Internet of Things is part of our everyday life, which applies to all aspects of human life; from smart phones and environmental sensors to smart devices used in the industry. Although the Internet of Things has many advantages, there are risks and dangers as well that need to be addressed. The information used and transmitted on Internet of Things contain important info about the daily lives of people, banking information, location and geographical information, environmental and medical information, together with many other sensitive data. Therefore, it is critical to identify and address the security issues and challenges of Internet of Things. In this article, considering the broad scope of this field and its literature, we are going to express some comprehensive information on security challenges of the Internet of Things.
Correlation between Cognitive Abilities and Fine Motor Skills in Children with Hemiparetic Cerebral Palsy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Children with hemiparetic cerebral palsy experience fine motor ability and cognitive deficits.The development of fine motor skills is a necessary part of emotional, social, and cognitive growth.Objective: The aim of the current work was to study the correlation between fine motor skills and cognitive abilities in children with hemiparetic cerebral palsy.Subjects and methods: This cross-sectional study included a total of 85 children with spastic hemiplegia of both sexes and aged from 6 to 8 years, recruited from the Outpatient Clinic, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University.Fine motor abilities were assessed by Quality of Upper Extremity Skills Test (QUEST) whereas; Cognitive abilities were assessed using RehaCom system.Results: The correlation between Fine motor skills and cognitive abilities measurements was weak positive significant correlation with reaction control (r = 0.260, p = 0.016), moderate positive significant correlation with working speed (r = 0.351, p = 0.001) and was strong positive significant correlation with working memory (r = 0.786, p = 0.001).The correlation between fine motor skills and other cognitive abilities was weak negative non-significant correlation with reaction speed (r = -0.110,p = 0.316) and with attention (r = -0.092,p = 0.403); and was weak positive non-significant correlation with neglect hemianopia (r = 0.124, p = 0.259) and with logical reasoning (r = 0.031, p = 0.778). Conclusion:It could be concluded that there are correlations between fine motor skills and cognitive abilities in children with hemiparetic cerebral palsy.
Comparing tobacco use among incoming recruits and military personnel on active duty in the

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective?To compare the tobacco use profile of recruits with that of military personnel on active duty to determine whether the military environment in some way induces service members to initiate tobacco use. Design and setting?Cross-sectional sur vey of United States armed forces active ?uty and recruit personnel in 1994-95. Subjects?2711 military recruits and 4603 military personnel on active duty. Main outcome measures?Comparative cigarette smoking and smokeless tobacco use prevalence between recruits and personnel on active duty controlling for age, sex, and race. Impact of demographic factors on the odds of smoking or using smokeless tobacco. Results?Increases in tobacco use in American military personnel occurred exclusively in men. The highest tobacco use resided with white men on active duty (43% cigarette smoking; 24% smokeless tobacco use) and represents a doubling of tobacco use seen among white male recruits. Among non-white men, tobacco use increased 2-4 times between recruits and personnel on active duty. Conclusions?Efforts to reduce tobacco use by American military personnel on active duty should focus more on discour aging the initiation of tobacco use. (Tobacco Control 1998;7:236-240)
Aeschines (2) Socraticus

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

(4th cent. bce), of the *deme of Sphettus in Attica, a devoted follower of *Socrates, was present at his trial and death. He wrote speeches for the lawcourts and taught oratory, but fell into poverty and took refuge at the court in *Syracuse, returning to Athens after the expulsion of *Dionysius (2) II in 356. Best known as the author of Socratic dialogues which resemble *Xenophon (1)'s more than *Plato (1)'s, Aeschines was apparently not an original thinker, and his Socrates expounds common ethical views. Although only fragments survive today, seven dialogues were considered genuine in antiquity: Alcibiades, Axiochus, Aspasia, Callias, Miltiades, Rhinon, Telauges. The first of these was partly intended to defend Socrates against charges of corrupting the young *Alcibiades. The dialogues of Aeschines were highly esteemed for their style and their faithfulness to Socrates' character and conversational manner.
Wine, markups, and export behavior: Evidence from Hungary

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Abstract The study examines the influence of markups on the export decisions and subsequent export intensity of firms within the Hungarian wine sector. Additionally, we evaluate the impact of entering and sustaining a presence in export markets on firms’ markups and compare the markup levels between exporting and non-exporting firms. We find that markups have a positive impact on both the probability of exporting and the export intensity, which aligns with previous findings. We demonstrate that exporting leads to an increase in markups. We find that exporters maintain higher markups even when accounting for productivity differences. Additionally, exporting can lead to higher markups because of the learning-by-exporting phenomenon. The results have significant implications. The findings imply that markups have a significant impact on the decision-making process and performance of Hungarian wine exports. Policymakers should facilitate to increase the markups of firms in order to enhance the export of wine and promote economic growth. Wine exporting firms should enhance their productivity and implement strategic pricing strategies to increase their markups and expand their exports.
Familial Autonomic Ganglionopathy Caused by Rare CHRNA3 Genetic Variants

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We report a novel genetic disease that affected 3 individuals from 2 unrelated families who presented with severe nOH, miosis, and constipation. These patients had rare pathologic variants in the CHRNA3 gene that cosegregate with and are predicted to be the likely cause of their diffuse panautonomic failure.
Input of heavy metals to the forest floor as the result of zinc smelter pollution in southern Poland

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

\nThe aim of this study was to assess the impact of zinc smelter on heavy metals concentration in the litter fall collected from three different sites in Olkusz Forest located in southern Poland. Furthermore the study was designed to investigate the input of these metals to the forest floor. Three forest areas Podlesie I and Podlesie II located 3 and 4 km south-east from Bukowno zinc smelter and Cegielnia situated 6 km north-east from the smelter were selected. At the beginning of September 2006 five litter traps were set at each site. The quantity of litter fall, along with percentage composition of each species, were estimated for an area of 1m2. The concentration of Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn and Fe in the litter fall and leaves of four main tree species were analysed. The input of these metals to the forest floor were determined. The input of cadmium ranged from 204 μg m2 at Cegielnia to 1340 μg m2 at Podlesie I. The input of lead was higher than cadmium and varied from 1031 μg m2 at Cegielnia to 3252 μg m2 at Podlesie II.The input of zinc and iron were about 10 times than cadmium and lead. The less input of all invesigated metals was noticed in control site located at WNP. for those metals. The high input of heavy metals to the forest floor may have negative effects on investigated part of Olkusz forest ecosystem.\n
PERIODIC CONSTANTS AND TIME-ANGLE DIFFERENCE OF ISOCHRONOUS CENTERS FOR COMPLEX ANALYTIC SYSTEMS

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

By introducing a concept of the time-angle difference for planar complex analytic systems, two recursive formulas of the function of the time-angle difference and period constants of complex isochronous centers can be given. Using these results to a class of real cubic system, the first five period constants and the isochronous center conditions of the origin are obtained. One open problem posed by [Cairo et al., 1999] is proved.
Narrative Review: Evolving Concepts in Potassium Homeostasis and

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Humans are intermittently exposed to large variations in potassium intake, which range from periods of fasting to ingestion of potassium-rich meals. These fluctuations would abruptly alter plasma po-tassium concentration if not for rapid mechanisms, primarily in skeletal muscle and the liver, that buffer the changes in plasma potassium concentration by means of transcellular potassium redistribution and feedback control of renal potassium excretion. However, buffers have capacity limits, and even robust feedback control mechanisms require that the perturbation occur before feedback can initiate corrective action. In contrast, feedforward control mechanisms sense the effect of disturbances on the system’s homeostasis. This review highlights recent experimental insights into the participation of feedback and feedforward con-trol mechanisms in potassium homeostasis. New data make clear that feedforward homeostatic responses activate when de-creased potassium intake is sensed, even when plasma potas-sium concentration is still within the normal range and before frank hypokalemia ensues, in addition to the classic feedback activation of renal potassium conservation when plasma potas-sium concentration decreases. Given the clinical importance of dyskalemias in patients, these novel experimental paradigms in-vite renewed clinical inquiry into this important area. Ann Intern Med. 2009;150:619-625. www.annals.org
critical study of Tafsir Al-Manar (interpretation of the Holy Quran) regarding the miracles of Prophet Ibrahim (PBUH) and Prophet Moses (PBUH)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The role of Intellect or Aql in the interpretation of the Holy Quran has been greatly considered by Islamic scholars through history. Some past and contemporary scholars have attempted to interpret the Quran using reason, such as Tafsir Al-Manar (the interpretation of the Holy Quran) written by Mohammad Rashid Rida. Since the perception of Muhammad Rashid Rida and his teacher Muhammad Abduh regarding the prophets’ miracles are different from many commentators, it is important to examine Al-Manar’s interpretive concerning the miracles of prophets including Prophet Ibrahim (AS) and Prophet Moses (AS). This article examines Tafsir Al-Manar with a descriptive-analytical method in order to assess the accuracy of Muhammad Abduh’s and Rashid Rida’s comments. In examining Mohammad Rashid Rida’s point of view, we found that his rational interpretations are inconsistent with the Quran’s appearance, Shiite and Sunni commentators. The interpretations also lack attention to the purpose of the story. The denial in their interpretations indicate their improper use of a rational interpretative method, which otherwise, would not have led to the denial of the prophets’ miracles.
In Cellulo Crystallization of Human Neuraminidase\n1 and Biological Roles of <i>N</i>‑Glycans

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Human neuraminidase 1 (NEU1) is a\nlysosomal glycosidase that cleaves\nthe terminal sialic acids of sialylglycoconjugates. NEU1 is biosynthesized\nin the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumen as an <i>N</i>-glycosylated\nprotein. NEU1 also associates with cathepsin A (CTSA) in ER, migrates\nto lysosomes, and exerts catalytic activity. Extraordinary in cellulo\ncrystallization of NEU1 protein in ER despite carrying three <i>N</i>-glycans per molecule at N186, N343, and N352, respectively,\nwere observed when the single human NEU1 gene was overexpressed in\nmammalian cells. In this study, we first purified the NEU1 from the\nisolated crystals produced by the HEK293 <i>NEU1</i>-KO\ncell transiently overexpressing the normal <i>NEU1</i> and\nfound that the <i>N</i>-glycans were high-mannose or complex\ntypes carrying terminal sialic acids. The result suggests that a part\nof NEU1 crystals were formed or transported to the Golgi apparatus.\nSecond, we compared the effects of single amino acid substitution\nat the <i>N</i>-sequons, including N186Q, N343Q, and N352Q,\neach one <i>N</i>-glycan reduction from one NEU1 molecule.\nWe demonstrated that N186Q mutant protein with low enzyme activity\nand formed a few amounts of smaller crystals. The N343Q mutant exhibited\nhalf of the normal intracellular activity, but the numbers and sizes\nof crystals were almost the same as those of normal NEU1. The N352Q\nmutant exhibited almost the same activity as the normal enzyme. The\nnumbers of the N352Q crystals were smaller than those of normal NEU1.\nAccording to these findings, the N186Q NEU1 protein should have lower\nstability in ER due to abnormal folding. The second <i>N</i>-glycan at the N343-sequon has little effect on self-aggregation\nof NEU1. The third <i>N</i>-glycan at the N352-sequon contributes\nto the self-aggregation of NEU1. We also demonstrated that the three\nNEU1 mutants associate with the relatively excessive CTSA and migrate\nto lysosomes.
Explaining Co-operation and Conflict in Southern Africa: State-building, Foreign Policy and Regional Order

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Abstract: Between 1975 and 1988, the Southern African regional system was marked by high levels of systemic conflict involving direct and indirect armed confrontation between South Africa and its neighbours. This reality sharply contrasts with the co-operative environment that has gradually formed since 1989. Following the trends towards deepening and widening the systemic comprehension of international relations, this study seeks to understand why there were changes in the pattern of co-operation–conflict in the Southern African regional system in the last 40 years. The central hypothesis is that (i) the state-building process and (ii) regional and secondary powers’ foreign policy formation and execution towards the regional order are factors which have directly affected the regional pattern of co-operation–conflict. Specifically, this article studies South Africa and Angola’s state-building process and foreign policy formation and execution from 1975 to 2015. The research concludes that these states produced co-operation or conflict as part of their balance of positions towards the systemic order, which is an interactional result of their state-building process (state capacity and state–society relations) and its impact on foreign policy’s formation and execution (interests and security of the elites and foreign policy position and impetus towards the regional order).
Leveraging Audio-Only Data for Text-Queried Target Sound Extraction

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The goal of text-queried target sound extraction (TSE) is to extract from a mixture a sound source specified with a natural-language caption. While it is preferable to have access to large-scale text-audio pairs to address a variety of text prompts, the limited number of available high-quality text-audio pairs hinders the data scaling. To this end, this work explores how to leverage audio-only data without any captions for the text-queried TSE task to potentially scale up the data amount. A straightforward way to do so is to use a joint audio-text embedding model, such as the contrastive language-audio pre-training (CLAP) model, as a query encoder and train a TSE model using audio embeddings obtained from the ground-truth audio. The TSE model can then accept text queries at inference time by switching to the text encoder. While this approach should work if the audio and text embedding spaces in CLAP were well aligned, in practice, the embeddings have domain-specific information that causes the TSE model to overfit to audio queries. We investigate several methods to avoid overfitting and show that simple embedding-manipulation methods such as dropout can effectively alleviate this issue. Extensive experiments demonstrate that using audio-only data with embedding dropout is as effective as using text captions during training, and audio-only data can be effectively leveraged to improve text-queried TSE models.