jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Rapid thermal anneal of gate oxides for low thermal budget TFT's

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The performance and reliability of deposited gate oxides for thin film transistors (TFT's) has been studied as a function of rapid thermal annealing (RTA) conditions. The effect of temperature ranging from 700 to 950/spl deg/C and the annealing ambients including oxygen (O/sub 2/), argon (Ar), and nitrous oxide (N/sub 2/O) is investigated. Improvement in charge to breakdown (Q/sub bd/) is seen starting from 700/spl deg/C, with marked increase at 900/spl deg/C temperature and above. The N/sub 2/O and Ar ambients result in higher Q/sub bd/ compared to O/sub 2/ ambient and we attribute this to reduced interfacial stress. Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) is used to qualitatively measure the stress. The bias temperature instability is decreased by RTA. The TFT characteristics are significantly improved with RTA gate oxide. The RTA-Ar anneal at 950/spl deg/C results in the lowest trap density in TFT's as measured from charge pumping technique.
[Some features of learning in swimming Morris test in rats selected for behavior towards human].

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Some features of learning in Morris water test were studied in gray rats after a long-term selection for elimination (tame strain) and enhancement (aggressive strain) of aggressiveness towards human. The content of plasma corticosteroids was estimated at different stages of learning. It was shown that tame rats were better in performance of a special Morris task than aggressive ones. The time of search for invisible platform was increased in aggressive rats owing to the fact that they spent more time near the pool walls. Also, time of rearing at the platform was higher in tame rats compared to aggressive animals. In the retention test, rats of both strains spent significantly more time in the target quadrant than they did in other quadrants. Rats of both strains did not differ in time of search for invisible platform when it was replaced to the opposite quadrant. After the first day of learning, the corticosteroid plasma level was lower in tame rats than aggressive animals. During the following days of training, the content of the hormone increased in tame rats and did not differ from aggressive rats. It is supposed that, in tame rats, low emotionality and stress response facilitated learning in Morris water test.
[Percutaneous mitral commissurotomy: how can it be made simpler and more efficacious?].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The authors report the results of a simplified method of percutaneous mitral dilatation from 936 procedures. This method introduced in our service since 1997 consists in progressively increasing diameters inflation of Inoué balloon, using echographic control and without any arterial procedure. Our population consists on 683 women (73%) and 253 men with a mean age 34 +/- 15 years (extremely 9 and 80 years) with subgroups composed of 26 pregnant women, 32 children less than 17 years, 59 restenosis after closed heart mitral commissurotomy, 14 restenosis after open heart mitral commissurotomy, 74 restenosis after percutaneous mitral commissurotomy, 5 tricuspid and mitral dilatation, 2 coronary and mitral dilatation (with stenting), 2 patients with a history of surgical mitral valvuloplasty for pure mitral regurgitation. The mitral area passed from 1 +/- 0.2 cm2 to 2.1 +/- 0.1 cm2. A surgical mitral regurgitation was observed in 3 cases. The time of fluoroscopy was 6.4 +/- 3.3 min. The hole time procedure was 19 +/- 9 min. The delay of hospitalisation was one day in 97% of patients. The decreased cost was about 20%. The patient comfort and the large diffusion of this method predicts a good future of this simplified technique.
Personalized Mobile App Recommendation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Recent years have witnessed a rapid adoption of mobile devices and a dramatic proliferation of mobile applications (Apps for brevity). However, the large number of mobile Apps makes it difficult for users to locate relevant Apps. Therefore, recommending Apps becomes an urgent task. Traditional recommendation approaches focus on learning the interest of a user and the functionality of an item (e.g., an App) from a set of user-item ratings, and they recommend an item to a user if the item's functionality well matches the user's interest. However, Apps could have privileges to access a user's sensitive resources ( e.g., contact, message, and location). As a result, a user chooses an App not only because of its functionality, but also because it respects the user's privacy preference. To the best of our knowledge, this paper presents the first systematic study on incorporating both interest-functionality interactions and users' privacy preferences to perform personalized App recommendations. Specifically, we first construct a new model to capture the trade-off between functionality and user privacy preference. Then we crawled a real-world dataset (16,344 users, 6,157 Apps, and 263,054 ratings) from Google Play and use it to comprehensively evaluate our model and previous methods. We find that our method consistently and substantially outperforms the state-of-the-art approaches, which implies the importance of user privacy preference on personalized App recommendations. Moreover, we explore the impact of different levels of privacy information on the performances of our method, which gives us insights on what resources are more likely to be treated as private by users and influence users' behaviors at selecting Apps.
Perioperative nursing care of a case of acute incarceration of complete rectal prolapse

Field: Nursing (Health Sciences)

The perioperative nursing experience of an emergency case of incarcerated complete rectal prolapse was summarized. The key points of nursing include protecting the wound and improving preoperative preparation actively; Rapid establishment of intraoperative venous access; Postoperative recurrence avoidance, diet nursing, disease observation, fluid management, etc. (总结1例急诊完全性直肠脱垂嵌顿患者的围手术期护理经验。护理要点包括保护创面、积极完善术前准备; 术中快速建立静脉通路; 术后避免复发、饮食护理、病情观察、液体管理等。)
Correlations Between Deaf-Muteness and Cephalometric Characteristics in Adults

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess any existing correlations between the phonatory function obviously affected in deaf-mute patients and dento-maxillary and/or facial anomalies. Material and Methods: The study comprised 55 deaf-mute patients (28 males and 27 females) aged between 23 and 76 from 2 cities of Romania, belonging to the Hearing Deficiency Persons’ Association. 13 were edentulous. Each patient was clinically and radiographically assessed. We applied computer assisted interpretetation of the profile teleradiographies using AudaxCeph and Scanora Lite 3.2.6 software for the following parameters: SNA, SNB, ANB, SN/ML, FH/ML, NL/ML, NL/+1 and ML/-1 angles, Ls-ELine, Li-ELine, UP and LP distances.The data was compared to normal values as referred to in the mentioned computer programs by using Student’s t-tests and the Bland Altman plot. Results: The following characteristics were identified as being statistically different from the normal values: SN/ML with a mean of -5,5°, FH/ML by 6,2°, NL/ML with -5,2°, Ls-ELine by -4,2 mm and Li-ELine with a mean of -3,7 mm. Conclusions: Deaf-mute patients tend to present hypodivergent vertical skeletal patterns, anterior mandibular growth/rotation and skeletal deep bite and also protruded lips, aspects which must be taken into consideration when commencing an orthodontic treatment.
Numerical Study on Error Catastrophe of Adaptive Mutants and Their Stability

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We study an error catastrophe of a self-replicating system, in which a number of bit strings with variable mutation rate compete to survive in a given rugged fitness landscape. The error catastrophe is known as a phase transition from an ordered state to a disordered state when a mutation rate increases. As a control parameter, we choose a selection pressure rather than a mutation rate. We find that our system shows the error catastrophe when the selection pressure decreases. An order parameter is introduced and the error catastrophe is studied for three types of mutant; (a) each bit has a fixed mutation rate, (b) each bit has a common variable mutation rate, and (c) each bit has a variable mutation rate. We also analyze stability of the system on the basis of the eigenvalue and the eigenvector of the transition matrix.
Impactul Crizei Economico-Financiare asupra Capacitatii de Economisire si Investire - The Impact of Economic Crisis on the Economical and Investments Capacity (Romanian version)

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Our country crosses a critical period of crisis, with major effects for the investments and economical capacity and the capitalization of human resources, natural, material or financial resources. The current economic crisis integrated in the long economic cycle, which had begun at the last XX century and the beginning of XXI century, preparation the beginning of the new long term cycle of the XXI century. Starting with the main characteristics and causes which generate the crisis, the research reveals a few possible solutions that may be adopted in the regional anti-crisis strategy to improve the economical and investments capacity. The paper reveals the potential effects which the current crisis may generate for the middle and long term if the local community does not take the proper measurements for stopping the current crisis.
Merits of constant expression of CRISPR loci in adaptive immunity of bacteria

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Bacteria fend off attack of bacteriophage through a variety of systems such as restriction-modification as well as clustered regularly interspersed short palindromic repeats (CRISPR). CRISPR is an adaptive immune system that provides a molecular memory of past attacks of bacteriophages on the bacterial strain in a vertically inheritable fashion. More importantly, such molecular memory of past phage infection is utilized in guiding a precision attack on the nucleic acids of invading bacteriophages. To do this, snippets of DNA from invading phages that have been neutralized are inserted into CRISPR-loci in the bacterial genome. Transcription of the CRISPR loci provides active RNA variants of the DNA snippets from phages useful for guiding the Cas9 endonuclease to invading phage DNA through complementary base pairing defined by a spacer region. While the system provides real-time surveillance of the bacterial cytoplasm for phage DNA resembling those from past infections, energetic cost of constantly transcribing the CRISPR loci might be high. Specifically, as currently understood, the CRISPR system would express phage DNA snippets catalogued in the CRISPR loci irrespective of environmental and nutritional conditions to help fend off possible infections by the same phages. However, phages responsible for past infections may not be present in the vicinity of the bacterial cell’s environment, which meant that expression of the CRISPR loci might be a waste of cellular energy and resources without any gain in fitness advantage to the bacterial cell compared to those from another species in the same environment. Hence, the evolutionary forces that shape the retention of the extant form of CRISPR remains to be understood in the context of how cellular energetics of adaptive immunity connects with bacterial fitness. Theoretically, a better system would involve the selective expression of specific CRISPR loci targeting the DNA or RNA of particular bacteriophage invading the cell. Such a system would incur less energy and resources to maintain, but would require another layer of intracellular surveillance able to identify the type and species of invading bacteriophage. Doing so would return us to the same problem as a molecular surveillance system requires key elements of recognition and actuation where recognition requires a molecular template of sequence information characteristic of particular bacteriophage. Given that DNA is a more stable format for storing sequence information compared to RNA, and that complementary base pairing as recognition mechanism require single stranded nucleic acid, current incarnation of CRISPR loci might be close to optimal in device architecture and functional logic. Hence, could we do better in redesigning bacterial adaptive immune system able to recognize a diversity of phages involved in past infection of a species or strain at reduced energetic and material cost?
Attempting to standardise ethical review within the complexity of health-related research

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Researchers in medicine, allied disciplines and elsewhere submit research proposals to an ethical review board before research commences. This paper argues that the effectiveness of review relies on reviewers using discernment and judgement when applying standardised review criteria so that they accommodate the full range of research projects. With reference to ethics literature, the paper identifies five imperatives in the development of review guidelines and processes. It examines case composition and analysis, and explores interactions between professional developers, researchers and reviewers to illustrate problems in the review process. It refers to the ethical review system in New Zealand and the report to parliament: Inquiry into Improving New Zealand's Environment to Support Innovation through Clinical Trials (Health Committee 2011). Seeking to gain for New Zealand a competitive edge in clinical research, this report made 19 recommendations to improve the climate for clinical trials, ethical review included, in this country. The connection between these two case studies is the common endeavour to standardise the ethical review exercise, review systems and review processes. Cases with commentary are a recommended addition to guidelines documents to present research within its context and to demonstrate the complexity that a standardised ethical review does not always address.
Abstract 15027: Senescence-Associated Pathway Activation in Cardiac Fibroblasts in Dilated Cardiomyopathy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Cardiac fibrosis is a pathologic driver in heart failure (HF) and aging is a major risk factor for HF. Persistence of activated myofibroblasts is a key feature of pathological fibrosis. In an aging model of lung fibrosis, senescent myofibroblasts exhibit apoptosis-resistance, which contributes to the sustained fibrotic response. Therapeutic targeting of NADPH oxidase-4 (NOX4), a primary source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in myofibroblasts, can inhibit fibrosis development and reverse established lung fibrosis. We sought to understand the role of cellular senescence and NOX4 activation and persistence of cardiac fibroblasts with progression to HF. Methods and Results: Mice carrying a mutation in the phospholamban gene (PLNR9C) develop progressive dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), extensive cardiac fibrosis and HF. Using the Langendorff hanging heart method and flow cytometry, cardiac fibroblasts were isolated and studied for markers of cellular senescence. Cardiac fibroblasts from PLNR9C mice with DCM display a senescent phenotype, with significantly elevated levels of the senescence markers p16 (2.1-fold, p<0.01, n=3, Figure) and beta-galactosidase (1.7-fold, p<0.01, n=3), along with significantly increased ROS production (Amplex Red assay 2.5-fold, p<0.01, n=3), as compared to fibroblasts from age-matched wild type (WT) mice. Nox4 is upregulated in cardiac fibroblasts from PLNR9C mice (mRNA 8.5-fold, n=4, p<0.01; protein 5.0-fold, p<0.01, n=4, Figure) with HF but not in young PLNR9C mice prior to development of DCM. Conclusions: These data reveal a premature aging phenotype in cardiac fibroblasts from mice with genetic DCM and identify NOX4 as a putative mediator of fibroblast activation and persistence.
Etiology, Epidemiology, Patho physiology and Histo pathology of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The progressive lung condition known as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is characterised by lung scarring, especially from an unidentified source. The long-term prognosis for the disorder is dismal. IPF's classic symptoms include increasing dyspnoea, a dry, ineffective cough, and a slow development of shortness of breath. Restricted lung function impairment, decreased functional vital capacity, and decreased carbon monoxide diffusing capacity are typically linked to pulmonary function testing. Due to the disease's propensity to develop quickly in its later stages, early identification is crucial for optimal care. With a thorough evaluation of the patient's medical history, imaging findings, and elimination of other illnesses, the diagnosis may often be made without a biopsy. Whatever it is, when there is ambiguity about the diagnosis, a lung biopsy can be necessary. In order to help diagnose IPF, imaging methods particularly computed tomography scans often show a characteristic pattern of fibrosis, which is usually shown along the edges of both lungs and more concentrated at the bases in a timely way. In situations when the diagnosis is unclear, a lung biopsy can help determine the diagnosis. Treatment options include supportive care, oxygen supplementation when necessary, antifibrotic drugs, and, in extreme situations, lung transplantation, which is the only cure. In addition to emphasising the importance of the interprofessional healthcare team in its evaluation, diagnosis, and management, this exercise provides a thorough explanation of the aetiology, epidemiology, clinical symptoms, diagnosis, and therapy of IPF in adults.
FGF-2, BMP-2, and BMP-4 regulate retinoid binding proteins and receptors in 3T3 cells.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

An Important part of intercellular signalling is the ability of responding cells to regulate multiple signal transduction pathways. Just as retinoic acid exposure alters expression of many peptide growth factors and their receptors, we have found that peptide growth factors alter the expression of cellular retinoic acid binding proteins (CRABPs) and retinoic acid receptors (RARs). FGF-2 (basic fibroblast growth factor) treatment of BALB 3T3 fibroblasts increased the level of CRABP I RNA, whereas bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2 and BMP-4 reduced this level as well as the levels of CRABP II and RAR beta 1/beta 3 transcripts. Regulation of the CRABP I gene by FGF-2 occurred posttranscriptionally by increasing RNA stability. However, BMP-2 down-regulated CRABP I message without affecting message stability. Neither of these mechanisms was dominant, with intermediate levels of CRABP I RNA occurring in the presence of both FGF-2 and BMP-2 or BMP-4. These two different modes of regulation thus allow different levels of CRABP I RNA accumulation in the presence of different ratios of FGF-2 and BMP-2 or BMP-4.
Genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance for yield and its contributing traits in rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The experiment on 125 genotypes (20 lines, 5 tester and 100 F1's) including a check viz., Pusa Basmati 6 of rice (Oryza sativa L.) was conducted to work out the genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance effects of their various attributes on grain yield. The mean squares due to treatments, parents and crosses were highly significant for all the fifteen characters indicated the presence of sufficient variability in the study materials. PCV was higher than the genotypic GCV for all the traits. High heritability (>60%) were recorded for characters viz., grains per panicle, spikelets per panicle, L:B ratio, kernel length, panicle length, kernel breadth, flag leaf area, grain yield per plant, plant height, panicle bearing tillers per plant, 1000-grain weight, harvest-index and spikelet fertility. The high genetic advance in percent of mean (>20) was recorded for grains per panicle fallowed by spikelet's per panicle and L:B ratio for this parameter. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance in per cent of mean were observed for the characters like grains per panicle, spikelets per panicle, and L:B ratio. High heritability and genetic advance account that the additive nature of gene action and so that these characters are directly selecting for further advancement of rice crop.
Redox-Dependent DNA Binding of the Purified Androgen Receptor:  Evidence for Disulfide-Linked Androgen Receptor Dimers

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Full-length histidine-tagged, dihydrotestosterone-bound human androgen receptor (AR) was purified to homogeneity by affinity and gel-filtration chromatography for antibody production and analysis of AR dimerization and DNA binding properties. A monoclonal antibody was raised that recognized human and rat AR epitope (360)ArgAspTyrTyrAsnPheProLeuAla(368) in the NH(2)-terminal domain and slowed migration of AR-DNA complexes in mobility shift assays. AR binding to androgen response element DNA had a K(d) of 2.0 nM and a Hill coefficient of 2.1, indicating high-affinity, cooperative binding. AR solution dimerization was detected only at >/=0.2 microM AR, and DNA binding increased dimerization up to 30-fold. Slow- and fast-migrating AR-DNA complexes were detected under different reducing conditions that differed 5-fold in their dissociation rates from DNA. Treatment with the sulfhydryl oxidizing reagent diamide formed the faster migrating, slower dissociating complex, indicating it represents disulfide-linked AR dimers bound to DNA. The results indicate that high concentrations of purified AR are required for solution dimerization and that cooperative DNA binding stabilizes two dimer forms that differ in redox state.
Vulnerability of Saudi Private Sector Organisations to Cyber Threats and Methods to Reduce the Vulnerability

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The Middle Eastern region has witnessed many cyber-attacks in recent years, especially in Saudi Arabia. Saudi Arabian organisations face problems anticipating, detecting, mitigating, or preventing cyber-attacks despite policies and regulations. The reasons for this have not been investigated adequately. This research aims to study the methods used to address cyber security issues in the private sector. A survey of IT managers of private organisations yielded 230 usable responses. The data were analysed for descriptive statistics and frequency estimations of responses, and the results are presented in this paper. Poor awareness of cyber security issues is reflected in the survey responses. The expenditure on cyber security, especially by large firms, was inadequate. There was a greater tendency to outsource many aspects of cyber security without concern about the risks. A very small percentage of IT managers considered the certainty of a cyber threat within the next year. It is important from the point of proactive strategies to prevent attacks. The findings highlight a lack of required knowledge and skills in performing their expected roles well. Additionally, many weaknesses have been detected in cyber security management in Saudi private organisations, and there is room to improve the quality of computer security systems. The published literature largely supported this. The findings from this study have implications for the stakeholders, especially IT managers working in the private sector of Saudi Arabia. The learnings from this study may be used to address the vulnerabilities identified. The findings clearly show the need to train IT managers of Saudi private organisations.