jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Forest Vegetation of Galičica Mountain Range in Macedonia

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Pričujoča knjiga prinaša podroben opis gozdov Galičice – enega od naravnih biserov Makedonije. V knjigi so sistematično predstavljeni vsi gozdni tipi, ki jih najdemo na pogorju Galičice, z vegetacijskimi popisi, talnimi vzorci, horološkimi in ekološkimi analizami, hkrati pa smo pripravili tudi vegetacijsko karto gozdnih združb, ki bralcu podaja informacijo o razporeditvi gozdov na terenu.
Predictable Pleasures: Food and the Pursuit of Balance in Rural Yucatán

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The pursuit of balance pervades everyday life in rural Yucatán, Mexico, from the delicate negotiations between a farmer and the neighbor who wants to buy his beans to the careful addition of sour orange juice to a rich plate of eggs fried in lard. Based on intensive fieldwork in one indigenous Yucatecan community, Predictable Pleasures explores the desire for balance in this region and the many ways it manifests in human interactions with food. As shifting social conditions, especially a decline in agriculture and a deepening reliance on regional tourism, transform the manners in which people work and eat, residents of this community grapple with new ways of surviving and finding pleasure.Lauren A. Wynne examines the convergence of food and balance through deep analysis of what locals describe as acts of care. Drawing together rich ethnographic data on how people produce, exchange, consume, and talk about food, this book posits food as an accessible, pleasurable, and deeply important means by which people in rural Yucatán make clear what matters to them, finding balance in a world that seems increasingly imbalanced.Unlike many studies of globalization that point to the dissolution of local social bonds and practices, Predictable Pleasures presents an array of enduring values and practices, tracing their longevity to the material constraints of life in rural Yucatán, the deep historical and cosmological significance of food in this region, and the stubborn nature of bodily habits and tastes.
[Comparative characteristics of the stroma of renal adenomas and cancer].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In a comparative study of 120 renal carcinomas and 10 adenomas it was found that in the adenomas the stroma as well as vessels were uniform with respect to distribution and degree of maturity and showed only scanty lymphoid infiltration, but that in the carcinomas, on the contrary, the distribution was irregular and lymphoid infiltration was much more abundant, particularly in areas of invasive growth. A close correlation was observed between stromal morphology and proliferative activity of the tumor. It is concluded that morphologic differences between these two kinds of tumor may be of use in diagnostic differentiation.
Measuring Long-Term Treatment Effects

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Why you care: Sometimes the effect that you care to measure can take months or even years to accumulate – a long-term effect. In an online world where products and services are developed quickly and iteratively in an agile fashion, trying to measure a long-term effect is challenging. While an active area of research, understanding the key challenges and current methodology is useful if you are tackling a problem of this nature.
A computational method for identification of disease-associated non-coding SNPs in human genome

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Accurate identification of functionally relevant variants against the ubiquitous background genetic variations is a significant challenge facing bioinformatics researchers and the challenge becomes more severe for non-coding variants. In this study, a novel computational method to identify candidate disease-associated non-coding single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of human genome is presented. To characterize SNPs, an extensive range of features, such as sequence context, DNA structure, evolutionary conservation and histone modification signals etc. are extracted. Then random forest is adopted to build the classifier model together with an ensemble method to deal with unbalanced data. 10-fold cross-validation result shows that the proposed method can achieve accuracy with the area under ROC curve (AUC) of 0.74. All the original data and the source matlab codes involved are available at https://sourceforge.net/projects/dissnp-predict/.
PERSISTENT SOIL SEED BANK OF EUPATORIUM ADENOPHORUM

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Plants with persistent soil seed banks have advantages in stress and harsh environments. Soil samples were collected from 19 different soil sites with different vegetation at 5 locations across Yunnan, Southern China, at different times from July to April after the germination season of Eupatorium adenophorum seeds. Germination research results showed that E. adenophorum had a persistent soil seed bank. Its seeds distributed widely across soils in Yunnan and seeds were found at all 19 sample sites. Seed density in the 0-10 cm soil layer varied between 47-13 806 ind.·m -2 with an average of 2 202 ind.·m -2 . The density did not show a direct relationship with the mother plant of E. adenophorum, but did show strong relationships with standing vegetation types. The density increased from 47 ind.·m -2 in newly deposited material of a slide to 801 ind.·m -2 under grass cover, to 2 349 ind.·m -2 under shrub cover, and the highest density of 3 255 ind.·m -2 under forest cover. Frequency of seeds identified from soil samples across all 19 soil types varied between 60%-100%. Vertically, seed density in the 0-2 cm soil layer was the highest, followed by the 2-5 cm layer, and the 5-10 cm depth had the lowest seed density. E. adenophorum seeds accounted for 56.1%, 25.2% and 18.6% of the total seeds in the three soil layers, respectively. Although the total percentage of seeds in the 5-10 cm layer was low, the total density was high (270 seeds·m -2 ) and, although not in the position of germination, had the potential for germination and being environmentally harmful. The wide distribution and high density of E. adenophorum in the soil seed bank have significant implications for any prevention and control measures, and we suggest that a long_term, large_scale approach should be taken to deal with the spread of E. adenophorum.
Living in the Same but Different City. Evidence from Santiago de Compostela

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

When talking about tourism in historic towns we forget that there are frequently other urban areas that firmly remain hidden from the tourist gaze. This duplicity, often favoured by public policies, does not just have very negative effects on the historic areas with, for example, impact on residential and commercial functions, but also on the tourists’ experience due to overcrowding. In this paper we will analyse this reality applied to the example of Santiago de Compostela. We will focus on the pressure exercised on fragile urban spaces while the city experienced by the local population proves to be invisible to tourists. Finally, we will make some proposals in order to improve the pilgrims’ urban experience as well as strengthening visitor loyalty.
Research on Teaching Mode of Digital Transformation of Higher Vocational Education

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Aiming at the trend of digital transformation of higher vocational education, this paper discusses the influence of digital transformation on teaching mode, and puts forward a new teaching mode. The research shows that digital transformation has brought more opportunities and challenges to higher vocational education, and the teaching mode needs to be transformed accordingly. The teaching mode proposed in this paper includes diversified teaching resources, personalized learning experience and interactive learning environment. These teaching modes can effectively improve students' learning effect and teachers' teaching quality, and provide new ideas and methods for the digital transformation of higher vocational education.
Human Nature and Self Design

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

"What is human nature?" is considered to be one of the key questions of anthropology. Throughout history, anthropologists have interpreted this question in different ways and often inferred moral conclusions from their answers. Such discussions about anthropological statements and their moral dimension gain new importance when we think about possibilities of self design brought to us by modern biotechniques. Human traits, so far conceived as unchangeable, are now subject to individual design. For that reason, the traditional questions about human nature and its moral significance have to be reconsidered in new ways. This anthology attempts to clarify some of the problems emerging in this context by reconsidering modern concepts of human nature as broadly as possible. It includes a wide spectrum of aspects concerning human nature and its implications for self design, starting with the discussion of anthropological aspects and extending to embedding present and future biotechniques into ethical analysis. Mit Beiträgen von Josep Call & Michael Tomasello, Margo DeMello, Boris Fehse, Logi Gunnarson, Nikolaus Knoepffler, Peter Kramer, Hans-Peter Krüger, Gerald Loeb, Neil Roughley, Gregor Schiemann, Thomas Schramme.
Wildlife Viewing in Montana: An Overview

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Summarizes information on wildlife viewing in Montana by residents and nonresidents, drawing from three studies conducted by the ITRR as well as the 1991 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation. The report displays national trends in wildlife viewing, resident and nonresident viewer characteristics and participation patterns in Montana, and resident preferences for viewing area enhancements and for program funding sources.
Assessing the potential of rAAV9 systemic gene therapy for GM2 gangliosidoses using a Sandhoff mouse model

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The infantile GM2 gangliosidoses are severe neurodegenerative disorders, caused by a defect in the β-hexosaminidase system. They are characterized by lysosomal accumulation of the substrate, GM2 ganglioside, which results in severe neuronal damage and death in the early years of life. Sandhoff mice deficient in both major hexosaminidase isozymes, Hex A and Hex B, mimic the disease severity in the human condition including the motor deterioration, histopathological findings, and premature death. To investigate the utility of systemic adeno-associated virus 9 (AAV9)-based gene delivery in treating GM2 gangliosidoses, we evaluated the therapeutic outcome of a single intravenous injection of recombinant AAV9 encoding the complementing Hexb gene in a Sandhoff mouse model. We showed prolonged survival, preserved motor function, and reduced GM2 ganglioside accumulation as well as inflammation when systemic AAV9 therapy was administered to 1-2 days old mice. However, the formation of liver or lung tumours accompanied the positive therapeutic effect.
Advance of miRNA in Leukemia

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

microRNA(miRNA) is a small non-coding RNA,which plays a significant role in cell prolifera-tion,differentiation,apoptosis and other physiological processes.Studies about miRNA in Leukemia grow fast and demonstrate a miRNA-mediated network that regulating proliferation,differentiation and apoptosis of leukemia.Further study of miRNA in leukemia will provide a novel therapeutic target for leukemia.
Investigating the neuroanatomical substrate of pathological laughing and crying in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with multimodal neuroimaging techniques

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Objective: Pathological laughing and crying (PLC) is common in several neurological and psychiatric diseases and is associated with a distributed network involving the frontal cortex, the brainstem and cortico-pontine-cerebellar circuits. By applying multimodal neuroimaging approach, we examined the neuroanatomical substrate of PLC in a sample of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Methods: We studied 56 non-demented ALS patients and 25 healthy controls (HC). PLC was measured in ALS using the Center of Neurologic Study Lability Scale (CNS-LS; cutoff score: 13). All participants underwent 3D-T1-weighted and 30-directional diffusion-weighted imaging at 3T. Voxel-based morphometry and tract-based spatial-statistics analysis was used to examine gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) differences between ALS patients with and without PLC (ALS-PLC and ALS-nonPLC, respectively). Comparisons were restricted to regions with detected differences between ALS and HC, controlling for age, gender, total intracranial volume and depressive symptoms. Results: In regions with significant differences between ALS and HC, ALS-PLC patients showed decreased GM volume in left orbitofrontal cortex, frontal operculum, and putamen and bilateral frontal poles, compared to ALS-nonPLC. They also had decreased fractional anisotropy in left cingulum bundle and posterior corona radiata. WM abnormalities were additionally detected in WM associative and ponto-cerebellar tracts (using a more liberal threshold). Conclusions: PLC in ALS is driven by both GM and WM abnormalities which highlight the role of circuits rather than isolated centers in the emergence of this condition. ALS is suggested as a useful natural experimental model to study PLC.
The National Biological Information Infrastructure: coming of age

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Coordinated by the US Geological Survey, the National Biological Information Infrastructure (NBII) is a Web‐based system that provides increased access to data and information on the nation’s biological resources. The NBII can be viewed from a variety of perspectives. This article – an individual case study and not a broad survey with extensive references to the literature – addresses the structure of the NBII related to thematic sections, infrastructure sections and place‐based sections, and other topics such as the Integrated Taxonomic Information System (one of our more innovative tools) and the development of our controlled vocabulary.
Fertilizer Marketing in India: A Literature Review

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Three fundamental or basic needs of humanity are food, cloth and shelter. Indian constitution provides for all these three basic need for human beings.. Unfortunately after 68 years of Independence, the problem of food remains unsolved. It has created much more future demand for the food Industry. Although rapid farming and improved techniques have made possible to increase the crop yield, but has corroded the soil fertility. Use of fertilizers in this regards have been a practical solution to preserve the nutrient content in the soil and increase the increase the soil fertility. Fertilizer Industries are doing a commendable job in helping the farmers to increase the productivity at large. The present paper presents a review on the previous work done in fertilizer marketing in India and abroad.
Gastric dysregulation induced by microinjection of 6-OHDA in the substantia nigra pars compacta of rats is determined by alterations in the brain-gut axis

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD) is a late-onset, chronic, and progressive motor dysfunction attributable to loss of nigrostriatal dopamine neurons. Patients with PD experience significant gastrointestinal (GI) issues, including gastroparesis. We aimed to evaluate whether 6-hydroxy-dopamine (6-OHDA)-induced degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) induces gastric dysmotility via dysfunctions of the brain-gut axis. 6-OHDA microinjection into the SNpc induced a >90% decrease in tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactivity (IR) on the injection site. The [ 13 C]-octanoic acid breath test showed a delayed gastric emptying 4 wk after the 6-OHDA treatment. In control rats, microinjection of the indirect sympathomimetic, tyramine, in the dorsal vagal complex (DVC) decreased gastric tone and motility; this inhibition was prevented by the fourth ventricular application of either a combination of α1- and α2- or a combination of D1 and D2 receptor antagonists. Conversely, in 6-OHDA-treated rats, whereas DVC microinjection of tyramine had reduced effects on gastric tone or motility, DVC microinjection of thyrotropin-releasing hormone induced a similar increase in motility as in control rats. In 6-OHDA-treated rats, there was a decreased expression of choline acetyl transferase (ChAT)-IR and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-IR in DVC neurons but an increase in dopamine-β-hydroxylase-IR in the A2 area. Within the myenteric plexus of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum, there were no changes in the total number of neurons; however, the percentage of NOS-IR neurons increased, whereas that of ChAT-IR decreased. Our data suggest that the delayed gastric emptying in a 6-OHDA rat model of PD may be caused by neurochemical and neurophysiological alterations in the brain-gut axis.
The Making of Performativity in Designing [with] Smart Material Composites

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

<p>As the material becomes active in disclosing the fullness of its capabilities, the boundaries between human and nonhuman performances are destabilized in productive practices that take their departure from materials. This paper illuminates the embodied crafting of action possibilities in material-driven design (MDD) practices with electroluminescent materials. The paper describes and discusses aspects of the making process of electroluminescent materials in which matter, structure, form, and computation are manipulated to deliberately disrupt the affordance of the material, with the goal to explore unanticipated action possibilities and materialize the performative qualities of the sample. In light of this account, the paper concludes by urging the HCI community to performatively rupture the material, so to be able to act upon it as if it was always unfinished or underdeveloped. This, it is shown, can help open up the design space of smart material composites and reveal their latent affordances.</p>
Mechanical evaluation of the dilation force of dilation devices during interventional endoscopic ultrasound

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background and study aims To insert the metal stent delivery system (8.5F) during interventional endoscopic ultrasound (I-EUS), several dilation steps are needed, which may be related to increased bile leakage from a fistula. There have been no definitive studies of dilation force. The aim of the present study was to evaluate dilation force during I-EUS using several dilation devices. Methods In the present study, seven dilation devices were evaluated including bougie dilators such as a straight-shaped dilator (the ES dilator, Soehendra dilator, a standard ERCP catheter) a screw-shaped dilator (Tornus ES, Soehendra stent retriever), and a 4-mm balloon catheter (REN biliary balloon catheter, Hurricane RX). The diameter of each dilator and dilation force were measured. Results Of the bougie dilators, the dilation force of the ES dilator was the highest (0.908±0.035 kg). Of the balloon catheters, the dilation force of the Hurricane RX (3.261±0.024 kg) was slightly higher than that of the REN (3.159±0.072 kg). Of the bougie dilators, although the diameter of the ES dilator was not larger than that of the Tornus ES, the dilation force was stronger. Similarly, the diameter of the Soehendra stent retriever was greater than that of the ERCP catheter or Soehendra dilator and the dilation force was lower. Conclusions Compared with bougie dilators, balloon catheters have stronger dilation force according to our experimental study. The present results should be evaluated in clinical trials.
A Comparative Study between the plant Justicia Adathoda and it's Semisynthetic drugs and Teratological Potential

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Pharmacological activity of the plant Justicia Adathoda and it's teratological potential. The plant Adathoda, also known as Justicia adhatoda, has been used in traditional medicine for various purposes. Researchers have extracted and isolated several compounds from this plant, including vasicinone and vasicine, which have shown promising pharmacological activities ¹. *Semisynthetic Derivatives:* One of the semisynthetic derivatives of vasicine is VA-1, which was synthesized through an acetylation reaction. VA-1 has shown potent antiplasmodial activity against Plasmodium falciparum, with an IC50 value of 6.0 µg/mL ¹. *Pharmacology:* The pharmacological activities of vasicinone, vasicine, and VA-1 include: Antiplasmodial activity: Vasicinone, vasicine, and VA-1 have shown antiplasmodial activity against Plasmodium falciparum, with VA-1 being the most potent ¹. Antimicrobial activity: The extracts of Justicia adhatoda have shown antimicrobial activity against various microorganisms ¹. Anti-inflammatory activity: Vasicinone and vasicine have shown anti-inflammatory activity, although the exact mechanism is not well understood ¹. Overall, the semisynthetic derivatives of Adathoda, particularly VA-1, show promising pharmacological activities, especially in the treatment of malaria. However, further research is needed to fully explore their potential therapeutic applications.
Comparative Study of the Efficiency of Different Noble Metals Supported on Hydroxyapatite in the Catalytic Lean Methane Oxidation under Realistic Conditions

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The combustion of lean methane was studied over palladium, rhodium, platinum, and ruthenium catalysts supported on hydroxyapatite (HAP). The samples were prepared by wetness impregnation and thoroughly characterized by BET, XRD, UV-Vis-NIR spectroscopy, H2-TPR, OSC, CO chemisorption, and TEM techniques. It was found that the Pd/HAP and Rh/HAP catalysts exhibited a higher activity compared with Pt/HAP and Ru/HAP samples. Thus, the degree of oxidation of the supported metal under the reaction mixture notably influenced its catalytic performance. Although Pd and Rh catalysts could be easily re-oxidized, the re-oxidation of Pt and Ru samples appeared to be a slow process, resulting in small amounts of metal oxide active sites. Feeding water and CO2 was found to have a negative effect, which was more pronounced in the presence of water, on the activity of Pd and Rh catalysts. However, the inhibiting effect of CO2 and H2O decreased by increasing the reaction temperature.