jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Influence of cooperative type model of group investigation on students’ cognitive learning outcomes

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study aims to determine the effect of cooperative learning model of Group Investigation
(GI) on learning outcomes and student interpersonal communication development.The study is quasi experimental, with two group pretest post-test design.The study population was all students of class XI SMA Negeri 11 Medan in academic year 2016/2017. Samples were taken from two classes of the population by random sampling technique. One class is the experimental class taught by cooperative learning model GI and the control class was taught by conventional learning. The research instruments consisted of cognitive tests.Achievement test used to measure learning outcomes.Cognitive learning outcomes were analyzed by t-test. The results showed that there was an influence of cooperative learning model GI on learning outcomes. Through the cooperative model GI type, atmosphere to learn was more effective, cooperative relationships in the learning group inspired students to have courage to express
opinions, communicate and share information with friends in solving learning problems.
Church and Civil Society - German and South African perspectives

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The originality of the volume is in the comparative and multi-facetted approach to a contemporary ethical problem of global proportions facing churches and faith-based organisations as well as civil society bodies in Germany and South Africa. Apart from the topicality of the social and political issues under discussion, the value of this volume lies in the intellectual stringency and honesty of the contributors in dealing with its central concern: finding and defining an ethical discourse for Christians in a fractured society, a responsible practical theology in the face of an increasingly secular and apathetic world. Its strength is the wide range of issues dealt with and the different viewpoints that are represented. The contributions reflect the current situation and intellectual debates in both Germany and South Africa, and range from Biblical exegesis and the implications of the injunction to seek "first the Kingdom" to specific topics such as the role of NGOs, the South African Council of Churches or liberation theology, also health care or the anti-corruption dialogue, or the condition of being a stateless refugee, and the meaning of the mission today
IN A DISC AND SMOOTH ON ITS BOUNDARY

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

1. In this note we investigate the class H 2 (n ~ 0) of functions f(z) which are regular in the disc IzI 1) will imply thatf(z) E H 2 and that the boundary valuesf(ei 0) have (n-l) absolutely continuous derivatives, with [/(e~0)](n) ~ ~2 (_~, n). As is known, any functionf(z) E H 2 admits a canonical faetorization of the form
An international phase II study of cetuximab in combination with oxaliplatin/5-fluorouracil (5-FU)/folinic acid (FA) (FOLFOX-4) in the first-line treatment of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) expressing Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR). Preliminary results

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

3512 Background: Cetuximab (Erbitux) is an IgG1 monoclonal antibody targeting the EGFR, shown to be effective in patients (pts) with EGFR-expressing metastatic CRC refractory to prior irinotecan-based chemotherapy (Cunningham ASCO 2003). Cetuximab has demonstrated high efficacy with an acceptable safety profile in combination with different regimens of irinotecan/FA/5-FU as 1st-line treatment (Rosenberg ASCO 2002; Van Laethem and Folprecht ASCO 2003). This trial was designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of cetuximab with the FOLFOX-4 regimen as 1st-line treatment. Methods: Pts received cetuximab (400 mg/m2 week 1 and 250 mg/m2 weekly thereafter) plus FOLFOX-4 (every 2 weeks: oxaliplatin 85 mg/m2, day 1; FA 200 mg/m2 IV 2h and 5-FU 400 mg/m2 IV bolus followed by 600 mg/m2 IV for 22h, days 1 and 2) until PD or unacceptable toxicity. Main inclusion criteria included pts with non-resectable metastatic CRC, EGFR expression on tumor, no previous chemotherapy for metastatic CRC, and ECOG PS = 2. Results: Of the 61 pts screened 50 (82%) showed EGFR expression on the tumor. 43 pts have finally been enrolled. Currently, baseline data from 25 enrolled pts are available: M/F 16/9, median age 65 years (range 43–75), colon/rectum 17/8, ECOG PS=0/1 16/9, number of organs affected=1/2/3: 13/9/3. The observed best overall response was based on 20 evaluable pts: 14 (70%) partial response (of these, 7 responses have been confirmed so far), 5 (25%) stable disease, 1 not evaluable who withdrew his consent after 1st infusion. Two pts underwent curative resection of their hepatic metastasis after confirmed response. So far, 8 serious adverse events were observed (4 5-FU related diarrhea, 1 pulmonary embolism, 1 pneumonia, 1 PD with obstructive jaundice, 1 gout) none of them related to cetuximab. Conclusion: These preliminary data suggest that cetuximab may be safe and effective when combined with FOLFOX-4 in first-line treatment of patients with metastatic CRC. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Merck Farma y Quimica, S.A; Merck KGaA Merck KGaA Merck KGaA
THE MODIFIED DIEFFENBACH OPERATION FOR CLOSURE OF LARGE DEFECTS OF LOWER LIP AND CHIN

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

For more than 70 years Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery® has been the one consistently excellent reference for every specialist who uses plastic surgery techniques or works in conjunction with a plastic surgeon. The journal brings readers up-to-the-minute reports on the latest techniques and follow-up for maxillofacial reconstruction, burn repair, cosmetic reshaping, as well as news on medicolegal issues. The cosmetic section provides expanded coverage on new procedures and techniques.
Influence of dental metallic artifact from multislice CT in the assessment of simulated mandibular lesions

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the influence of metallic dental artifacts on the accuracy of simulated mandibular lesion detection by using multislice technology. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Fifteen macerated mandibles were used. Perforations were done simulating bone lesions and the mandibles were subjected to axial 16 rows multislice CT images using 0.5 mm of slice thickness with 0.3 mm interval of reconstruction. Metallic dental restorations were done and the mandibles were subjected again to CT in the same protocol. The images were analyzed to detect simulated lesions in the mandibles, verifying the loci number and if there was any cortical perforation exposing medullar bone. The analysis was performed by two independent examiners using e-film software. RESULTS: The samples without artifacts presented better results compared to the gold standard (dried mandible with perforations). In the samples without artifacts, all cortical perforation were identified and 46 loci were detected (of 51) in loci number analysis. Among the samples with artifacts, 12 lesions out of 14 were recognized regarding medullar invasion, and 40 out of 51 concerning loci number. The sensitivity in samples without artifacts was 90% and 100% regarding loci number and medullar invasion, respectively. In samples with artifacts, these values dropped to 78% and 86%, respectively. The presence of metallic restorations affected the sensitivity values of the method, but the difference was not significant (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Although there were differences in the results of samples with and without artifacts, the presence of metallic restoration did not lead to misinterpretation of the final diagnosis. However, the validity of multislice CT imaging in this study was established for detection of simulated mandibular bone lesions.
Hardy's Stargazers and the Astronomy of Other Minds

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This essay argues that Thomas Hardy compares the act of observing another person to the scientific practice of observing the stars in order to reveal structural obstacles to accessing other minds. He draws on astronomy and optics to underscore the discrepancy between the full perception one has of one's own consciousness and the lack of such sensory evidence for the consciousness of others. His scenes of stargazing show such obstacles being temporarily overcome; the stargazer turns away from the thick sensory detail of earthly life and uses minimal visual information as a jumping-off point for the imagination. These visual journeys into space are analogous to those Hardy's readers experience as he wrests them out of their bodies into imaginary landscapes and unfamiliar minds.
Some Consideration on an Increase in Reproductivity in Dairy Cattle and Self-Sufficiency of Feed in the Nayoro District of Hokkaido

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The present consideration was made from the results of surveys conducted in the Nayoro district of Hokkaido during a period of four years beginning with 1959.1. The number of farms raising dairy cattle has been decreasing since 1960. The dairy cattle population has been increasing in the crop field zone of this district, while it has been decreasing in the paddy field zone. Accordingly, there has been little change in the number of dairy cattle kept in this district as a whole.2. The frequency of occurrence of reproductive disorders has been decreasing very conspicuously in the crop field zone and a little less remarkably in the paddy field zone year after year.3. The acreage per capita of fields growing feed crops for self-sufficiency has been decreasing in both types of zones year by year. The yield of crops per acre, however, has been increasing as a whole.4. The higher the rates of self-sufficiency of FU and DTP were in a dairy farm, the lower the frequency of occurrence of reproductive disorders became among the dairy cows kept there. In 1962, the rates of self-sufficiency of FU and DTP and the frequency of occurrence of reproductive disorders were 64.4%, 51.0%, and 16.6%, respectively, in the paddy field zone and 76.6%, 63.0%, and 13.1%, respectively, in the crop field zone.In conclusion, an increase in reproductivity can be expected from a maintenance of required quantities and, at the same time, an improvement of the quality of self-sufficient feed. It seems particularly important for this purpose to raise the rate of selfsufficiency of DTP.
An attempt to improve cooperative learning by physical education teachers using a video annotation system

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This case study investigated whether teachers might be able to improve cooperative learning in physical education classes through the development and trial use of a video annotation system. The study also sought to shed light on how this video annotation system was perceived by the target teachers. Use of the video annotation system was found to increase teacher awareness, leading to concrete improvements in their instruction. The results of this study suggest the possibility that teaching materials, objectives, content, students, and setting can be perceived as an integral whole. Video annotation also enabled teachers to grasp differences in difficulty between clarifying concrete teaching problems and actually solving these problems to achieve better results in daily classes.
Evaluation of Certain Botanicals as Stressors of Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus in Larvae of Helicoverpa armigera

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The gram caterpillar Helicoverpa (= Heliothis armigera ) is attacked by a nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV) (Rabindra and Subramanian, 1974). NPV is transmitted to the offsprings of host insects by vertical transmission (Hamm and Young, 1974) and often the virus can exist in the host population in occult form (Podgwaite and Mazzone, 1986). Such latent infections or occult viruses are some times activated by stress, both biotic and abiotic, resulting in the outbreak of the disease in the host insect populations (Aruga, 1963).
Robert Cornthwaite: a Neglected Nineteenth Century Bishop

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Several nineteenth-century Catholic bishops have found biographers, not only, as might be expected, the three archbishops of Westminster but also Ullathorne of Birmingham and Grant of South-wark. Yet Robert Cornthwaite, who was bishop in Yorkshire for almost twenty-nine years, laying the foundations for the three modern dioceses of Middlesbrough, Leeds and Hallam; who was Manning’s chief supporter at the Vatican Council and the most Ultramontane of the English bishops; and who was that allegedly rare creature, both an able administrator and a man of great spirituality, has been neglected. It is surely time to remedy matters.
Preserving Integrity in Online Social Media

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Online social networks provide a platform for sharing information and free expression. However, these networks are also used for malicious purposes, such as distributing misinformation and hate speech, selling illegal drugs, and coordinating sex trafficking or child exploitation. Keeping users on these platforms safe from such harm, known as the problem of Integrity, is a major focus for social media companies. This talk, coming from the perspective of addressing many of these challenges at Facebook, highlights some of the recent progress made in the area of integrity and some of the challenges that lie ahead.
PRELI is a mitochondrial regulator of human primary T-helper cell apoptosis, STAT6, and Th2-cell differentiation

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract The identification of novel factors regulating human T helper (Th)–cell differentiation into functionally distinct Th1 and Th2 subsets is important for understanding the mechanisms behind human autoimmune and allergic diseases. We have identified a protein of relevant evolutionary and lymphoid interest (PRELI), a novel protein that induces oxidative stress and a mitochondrial apoptosis pathway in human primary Th cells. We also demonstrated that PRELI inhibits Th2-cell development and down-regulates signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6), a key transcription factor driving Th2 differentiation. Our data suggest that calpain, an oxidative stress–induced cysteine protease, is involved in the PRELI-induced down-regulation of STAT6. Moreover, we observed that a strong T-cell receptor (TCR) stimulus induces expression of PRELI and inhibits Th2 development. Our results suggest that PRELI is involved in a mechanism wherein the strength of the TCR stimulus influences the polarization of Th cells. This study identifies PRELI as a novel factor influencing the human primary Th-cell death and differentiation.
A body shape index and vascular structure and function in Spanish adults (MARK study)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract A body shape index (ABSI) has been introduced as a marker of the relationship between body composition and all-cause mortality. However, until now, the relationships between ABSI and vascular structure and function have not been evaluated. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of ABSI with vascular structure and function in Spanish adults with intermediate cardiovascular risk. This cross-sectional study analyzed the data of 2354 subjects [age, 35–74 years (median, 62.0 years [range, 56.0–67.0 years]), 61.9% men] enrolled into the MediAte Risk management (MARK) study. ABSI was calculated by using the following formula: ABSI = waist circumference (m)/[body mass index 2/3 × height (m) 1/2 )]. Vascular function was assessed by measuring cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) with the VaSera device and brachial ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) by using a validated equation. Vascular structure was assessed by measuring carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) by ultrasonography. Median value of ABSI was 0.083 (range, 0.081–0.090), mean CAVI was (8.5 ± 1.2), and median IMT was 0.727 (range, 0.672–0.799). The values of ABSI and CAVI were higher in men. After adjusting for confounders, ABSI was positively associated with CAVI, baPWV, and average mean IMT. Thus, for each unit increase in ABSI, CAVI increased by 0.16 units, baPWV by 0.25 m/s, and IMT by 0.033 mm. In the logistic regression analysis, the odds ratio of ABSI was > 1 for high CAVI ≥ 9, baPWV ≥ 15 m/s, and IMT ≥ 0.90 mm in the overall subject group, and in the sex- and age-specific (> 62 years, ≤ 62 years) subgroups, after adjusting for confounders. The area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve of the ABSI was 0.631 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.608–0.654) for CAVI ≥ 9, and 0.617 (95% CI, 0.593–0.641) for high baPWV ≥ 15 m/s. ABSI showed a positive association with vascular structure and function, independent of other confounders that might influence weight and fat mass distribution in Spanish subjects at intermediate cardiovascular risk. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01428934 (registered: September 2, 2011; last updated: September 8, 2016)
Lymphocytes Modulate Innate Immune Responses and Neuronal Damage in Experimental Meningitis

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT In bacterial meningitis, excessive immune responses carry significant potential for damage to brain tissue even after successful antibiotic therapy. Bacterial meningitis is regarded primarily as the domain of innate immunity, and the role of lymphocytes remains unclear. We studied the contribution of lymphocytes to acute inflammation and neurodegeneration in experimental Toll-like receptor 2-driven meningitis, comparing wild-type mice with RAG-1-deficient mice that have no mature T and B lymphocytes. At 24 h after intrathecal challenge with the synthetic bacterial lipopeptide Pam 3 CysSK 4 , RAG-1-deficient mice displayed more pronounced clinical impairment and an increased concentration of neutrophils, reduced expression of interleukin-10 (IL-10) mRNA, and increased expression of CXCL1 mRNA in the cerebrospinal fluid. Conversely, neuronal loss in the dentate gyrus was reduced in RAG-1-deficient mice, and expression of IL-10, transforming growth factor β and CCL2 mRNA by microglia was increased compared to wild-type mice. Adoptive transfer of wild-type lymphocytes reversed the enhanced meningeal inflammation and functional impairment observed in RAG-1-deficient mice. Our findings suggest compartment-specific effects of lymphocytes during acute bacterial meningitis, including attenuation of meningeal inflammation and shifting of microglial activation toward a more neurotoxic phenotype.
A 160‐kDa Protein Is Essential for Hemocyanin‐derived Melanosis of Prawn

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT A purified 160‐kDa protein, isolated from the cuticle of kurama prawn and named melanosis collaborating factor (MCF), was a key factor in promoting melanosis by a cooperative reaction with hemocyanin‐derived phenoloxidase but hemocyanin itself was incapable of producing black pigment. The enzymatic activity of MCF in the body of the prawn was very stable against the process of freezing and thawing; the enzyme maintained more than 80% of its activity after 3 mo of storage at −2 5 °C. These results indicated that MCF, acting in conjunction with hemocyanin‐derived phenoloxidase, played a crucial role in postharvest melanogenesis in prawn.
Thermoneutral housing does not influence fat mass or glucose homeostasis in C57BL/6 mice

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

One major factor affecting physiology often overlooked when comparing data from animal models and humans is the effect of ambient temperature. The majority of rodent housing is maintained at ~22°C, the thermoneutral temperature for lightly clothed humans. However, mice have a much higher thermoneutral temperature of ~30°C, consequently data collected at 22°C in mice could be influenced by animals being exposed to a chronic cold stress. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of housing temperature on glucose homeostasis and energy metabolism of mice fed normal chow or a high-fat, obesogenic diet (HFD). Male C57BL/6J (Arc) mice were housed at standard temperature (22°C) or at thermoneutrality (29°C) and fed either chow or a 60% HFD for 13 weeks. The HFD increased fat mass and produced glucose intolerance as expected but this was not exacerbated in mice housed at thermoneutrality. Changing the ambient temperature, however, did alter energy expenditure, food intake, lipid content and glucose metabolism in skeletal muscle, liver and brown adipose tissue. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that mice regulate energy balance at different housing temperatures to maintain whole-body glucose tolerance and adiposity irrespective of the diet. Despite this, metabolic differences in individual tissues were apparent. In conclusion, dietary intervention in mice has a greater impact on adiposity and glucose metabolism than housing temperature although temperature is still a significant factor in regulating metabolic parameters in individual tissues.
Re-Visioning the Past: Charles Brockden Brown's Historical Tales and the Pleasures of Dissecting

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This essay discusses Charles Brockden Brown's historical short stories. Although better known for his novels, Brown uses short pieces of fiction to create an early form of a metafictional impressionism. In doing so, Brown seeks to keep the associative freshness of his fiction by implication, using text that is not there. Critics have argued that Brown's narrators may end up in paranoid interpretations. The essay argues, however, that Brown's early short stories reveal stylistic and formal features that he developed in greater detail in historical tales like “Death of Cicero, A Fragment” (1800) and “Thessalonica: A Roman Story” (1799). Brown's Roman stories are complex textual games that are based upon a high degree of intertextuality and metafictional narrative devices. Brown's “unaccountable pleasure in dissecting” is therefore neither a narcissistic endeavor nor an intellectual fancy but a programmatic dimension of Brown's early short stories.
HiTC: exploration of high-throughput ‘C’ experiments

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Summary: The R/Bioconductor package HiTC facilitates the exploration of high-throughput 3C-based data. It allows users to import and export ‘C’ data, to transform, normalize, annotate and visualize interaction maps. The package operates within the Bioconductor framework and thus offers new opportunities for future development in this field. Availability and implementation: The R package HiTC is available from the Bioconductor website. A detailed vignette provides additional documentation and help for using the package. Contact: nicolas.servant@curie.fr Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
The Effects of Touch in the Geriatric Population

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The current study investigated the effects of touch in a population of nursing home residents. Thirty individuals were randomly chosen to participate in a craft session. Sixteen participants were touched while fourteen were not touched. Participants completed a questionnaire immediately after the craft session. Responses to the questionnaire were statistically analyzed by means of chi square. Results found that tactile stimulation positively impacts attitude and motivation in the elderly. The touch group participants indicated strong, positive responses regarding attitude toward the task and the instructor. The touch group showed greater willingness to work for the instructor and complete a task. Touching is a positive influence on the geriatric person's attitudes and behaviors toward both a task and therapist. More sensitive instruments are needed to determine the relationship between touch and mood since it was not significant in this study.