jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Effects of 1-pyrrolidinylmethyl-2-naphthol on contractile force and ionic current in cardiac and vascular smooth myocytes

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Ionic mechanisms of the cardiovascular actions of 1-pyrrolidinylmethyl-2-naphthol hydrochloride (TPY-β) were examined. Intravenous infusion of TPY-β produced hypotension and bradycardia in a dose-dependent manner. TPY-β (30 μM) produced biphasic change in contractile force in isolated rat atria, i.e., an initial decrease and a gradual increase. In electrophysiological studies of rat ventricular myocytes, TPY-β dose-dependently suppressed the amplitude of L-type Ca2+ inward current (ICa,L), but it did not modify the time constants for ICa,L inactivation and the overall shape of the current–voltage relationship of ICa,L. The EC50 value for TPY-β-mediated inhibition of ICa,L is 10.6± 1.0 μM. TPY-β (50 μM) mildly suppressed the amplitude of Na+ current. TPY-β (50 μM) effectively suppressed the amplitude of transient outward current (ITO). The time course for inactivation of ITO was changed to a biexponential process after the application of TPY-β. TPY-β (50 μM) also mildly suppressed the amplitude of inwardly rectifying current. In addition, the effect of TPY-β on Ba2+ inward current (IBa) was examined in A7r5 vascular smooth muscle cells. TPY-β dose-dependently inhibited IBa. The EC50 value for the inhibitory effect of TPY-β is 3.4± 0.6 μM. The results indicate that the suppressive effects of TPY-β involve a direct depressant action on heart cells and vascular smooth muscle cells. Thus, direct inhibition of voltage-dependent L-type Ca2+ channel is involved in the TPY-β-mediated vasodilatory action. In addition, the inhibitory effect of TPY-β on cardiac contractility through the blockade of L-type Ca2+ channels can be prevented by TPY-β-mediated inhibition of ITO. Drug Dev. Res. 44:87–96, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Materialism and life satisfaction: The moderating roles of alexithymia and product retention tendency

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract This research examines how alexithymia and product retention tendency affect the relationship between materialism and life satisfaction. Extant research has established that materialism has a negative effect on personal well‐being and that consumer culture and marketing facilitates this effect by encouraging consumers to focus on material pursuits to satisfy extrinsic goals. However, previous research has not explored how emotional personality traits and lifestyle values influence this “dark side” of materialism. Alexithymia is an emotional personality trait that inhibits an individual's ability to identify, describe and regulate emotions. Results from survey data show that alexithymia moderates the effect of materialism on life satisfaction, such that the effect is negative for individuals without alexithymia, but positive for individuals with alexithymia. Moreover, product retention tendency attenuates the negative effect of materialism for individuals without alexithymia, but strengthens the positive effect of materialism for individuals with alexithymia. The theoretical implications of these findings are discussed.
Paint-thinner-induced Acute Kidney Injury: A Case Series and Review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Occupational health hazards contribute significantly to the morbidity and mortality of workers in factories. Toluene has become a widely abused inhaled volatile drug. The spectrum of toluene-induced renal injury includes rhabdomyolysis, myoglobinemia, distal renal tubular acidosis (RTA), acute tubular necrosis, glomerulonephritis, and interstitial nephritis. We describe two patients with paint-thinner-induced kidney injury who were affected through different routes of exposure and recovered well, with one requiring dialysis support; the second patient, who had developed Type 1 distal RTA and mild kidney injury, was managed with conservative measures. Toluene can cause acute neurological symptoms, accompanied by severe metabolic alterations, as well as organ injury and dysfunction. A common association of the development of hypokalemic paralysis and metabolic acidosis with toluene intoxication was observed. Liver injury and rhabdomyolysis are also common. Vomiting, dehydration, tubular injury, and rhabdomyolysis are all possible additional causes of acute renal failure in toluene intoxication. Type 1 distal RTA, which is characterized by an inability to lower urine pH despite acidemia, results in hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis with hypokalemia. The management of acute toluene toxicity is largely conservative, consisting of correcting the electrolytes and the acid–base balance, fluid alterations, and renal replacement therapy in severe acute kidney injury. A clinical suspicion of organ failure and prompt supportive care leads to encouraging results. Adequate protective steps for workplaces involved in the use of such substances in confined spaces include prior risk assessment, using low-toxicity chemical products, ensuring adequate ventilation, safety training, and using appropriate personal protective equipment.
Return to Work and Participation in Society After Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: The aim of this study was to describe out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) survivors’ ability to participate in activities of everyday life and society, including return to work. The specific aim was to evaluate potential effects of cognitive impairment. Methods and Results: Two hundred eighty-seven OHCA survivors included in the TTM trial (Target Temperature Management) and 119 matched control patients with ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction participated in a follow-up 180 days post-event that included assessments of participation, return to work, emotional problems, and cognitive impairment. On the Mayo-Portland Adaptability Inventory-4 Participation Index, OHCA survivors (n=270) reported more restricted participation In everyday life and in society (47% versus 30%; P <0.001) compared with ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction controls (n=118). Furthermore, 27% (n=36) of pre-event working OHCA survivors (n=135) compared with 7% (n=3) of pre-event working ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction controls (n=45) were on sick leave (odds ratio, 4.9; 95% confidence interval, 1.4–16.8; P =0.01). Among the OHCA survivors assumed to return to work (n=135), those with cognitive impairment (n=55) were 3× more likely (odds ratio, 3.3; 95% confidence interval, 1.2–9.3; P =0.02) to be on sick leave compared with those without cognitive impairment (n=40; 36%, n=20, versus 15%, n=6). For OHCA survivors, the variables that were found most predictive for a lower participation were depression, restricted mobility, memory impairment, novel problem-solving difficulties, fatigue, and slower processing speed. Conclusions: OHCA survivors reported a more restricted societal participation 6 months post-arrest, and their return to work was lower compared with ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction controls. Cognitive impairment was significantly associated with lower participation, together with the closely related symptoms of fatigue, depression, and restricted mobility. These predictive variables may be used during follow-up to identify OHCA survivors at risk of a less successful recovery that may benefit from further support and rehabilitation. Clinical Trial Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier: NCT01946932.
Protecting the Environment of the Final Frontiers

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Review of
Howkins, Adrian. 2016. The Polar Regions: An Environmental History. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Pincus, Rebecca, and Saleem H. Ali, eds. 2015. Diplomacy on Ice: Energy and the Environment in the Arctic and the Antarctic. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Stone, David P. 2015. The Changing Arctic Environment: The Arctic Messenger. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Monitoring of enteric viruses in treated and untreated civil and livestock sewages in the Piemonte Region - Italy

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Population Medicine considers the following types of articles:• Research Papers -reports of data from original research or secondary dataset analyses.• Review Papers -comprehensive, authoritative, reviews within the journal's scope.These include both systematic reviews and narrative reviews.• Short Reports -brief reports of data from original research.• Policy Case Studies -brief articles on policy development at a regional or national level.• Study Protocols -articles describing a research protocol of a study.• Methodology Papers -papers that present different methodological approaches that can be used to investigate problems in a relevant scientific field and to encourage innovation.• Methodology Papers -papers that present different methodological approaches that can be used to investigate problems in a relevant scientific field and to encourage innovation.
DIET OF THE DEL NORTE SALAMANDER (PLETHODON ELONGATUS): DIFFERENCES BY AGE, GENDER, AND SEASON

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Terrestrial salamanders are integral components of forest ecosystems and the examination of their feeding habits may provide useful information regarding various ecosystem processes. We studied the diet of the Del Norte Salamander (Plethodon elongatus) and assessed diet differences between age classes, genders, and seasons. The stomachs of 309 subadult and adult salamanders, captured in spring and fall, contained 20 prey types. Nineteen were invertebrates, and one was a juvenile Del Norte Salamander, representing the first reported evidence of cannibalism in this species. Mites and ants represented a significant component of the diet across all age classes and genders, and diets of subadult and adult salamanders were fairly similar overall. We detected, however, an ontogenetic shift with termites and ants becoming less important and spiders and mites becoming more important with age. These differences between subadults and adults can likely be attributed to the inability of subadults to consume larger prey items due in part to gape limitation. The diet of the Del Norte Salamander, like other plethodontids, consists of a high diversity of prey items making it an opportunistic, sit-and-wait predator.
Optimized Digital Watermarking for Robust Information Security in Embedded Systems

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

With the exponential growth in transactions and exchanges carried out via the Internet, the risks of the falsification and distortion of information are multiplying, encouraged by widespread access to the virtual world. In this context, digital image watermarking has emerged as an essential solution for protecting digital content by enhancing its durability and resistance to manipulation. However, no current digital watermarking technology offers complete protection against all forms of attack, with each method often limited to specific applications. This field has recently benefited from the integration of deep learning techniques, which have brought significant advances in information security. This article explores the implementation of digital watermarking in embedded systems, addressing the challenges posed by resource constraints such as memory, computing power, and energy consumption. We propose optimization techniques, including frequency domain methods and the use of lightweight deep learning models, to enhance the robustness and resilience of embedded systems. The experimental results validate the effectiveness of these approaches for enhanced image protection, opening new prospects for the development of information security technologies adapted to embedded environments.
Effects of Anoxemia on Intrapleural Pressure in Dogs.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The theory has been advanced that changes in intrapleural pressure following alterations in bronchial caliber are mediated by carbon dioxide. Thus in broncho-constriction, a gradual increase in carbon dioxide tension in the alveoli and blood seems to stimulate the inspiratory mechanism so that a relatively increased average thoracic girth results, and intrapleural pressure becomes more negative. If, however, stimulation of the respiratory center, by the direct administration of relatively high concentrations of carbon dioxide, becomes great enough to initiate active expiratory effort, then the intrapleural pressure becomes more positive than usual during expiration. Since oxygen want in itself is, as was shown by Gasser and Loevenhart, initially stimulating to the respiratory center, we thought it might be interesting to determine directly whether or not anoxemia would alter intrapleural pressure in the same way as increased carbon dioxide tensions. Anoxemia was produced by rebreathing into a spirometer through a tracheal cannula. Carbon dioxide was absorbed by soda lime placed in the circuit. Gas analyses were made by means of a Hen-derson-Haldane-Bailey apparatus in order to determine the degree of anoxemia produced and also to determine whether or not carbon dioxide was adequately absorbed. Blood gas analyses were also made in certain experiments. Details of our technique for estimating intrapleural pressure have been previously described. Anoxemia produced by this method (18 experiments) was found uniformly to result in an initial gradual decrease in intrapleural pressure accompanied by an increased frequency and amplitude of respiration, and by a mean increase in thoracic girth. This primary effect corresponds to Loevenhart's initial stimulating action of oxygen want on the respiratory center, and seems to be exerted chiefly on the inspiratory mechanism.
Secured Web-based Alumni Network and Information Systems

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Numerous graduates complete their undergraduate / postgraduate degrees each year, following various paths. A college's alumni should be kept in contact in order to help students connect with more opportunities and services. Therefore, it is important to give this activity the attention it deserves in order to establish a reliable relationship between the college and its alumni. This necessitates the creation of a comprehensive online application that makes it simple to connect and communicate with a college's alumni. The application needs to support a variety of functionalities, such as alumni registration with the college, an interface to display and inform students about opportunities regarding placements, internships, and workshops that help them advance their careers, participation in mentorship programs from the alumni's end, and an interface that highlights the accomplishments and personal stories of alumni to inspire and inform them about various career paths. The alumni site is subject to a number of security considerations, including phishing, data integrity, and user authentication. Different strategies are used to address these security concerns.
Cave deposits in Cordillera de la Sal (Atacama, Chile)

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Although the Atacama Desert is one of the driest places on earth there are several halite caves in the Oligocene-Miocene outcrop of evaporites that forms the Cordillera de la Sal. The caves contain a variety of deposits including speleothems, allogenic sediments, and archaeological remains that have provided information on cave evolution and proxy information on past climates in the area. \nThis study presents the first report of monocrystalline halite stalactites whose initial formation and subsequent evolution are controlled by (1) the degree of supersaturation of the feeding solution, (2) capillary and/or gravity flow along the speleothem, and (3) air currents in the cave. Also, we report a new cave mineral (atacamite) together with a zeolite (clinoptilolite), where genesis was controlled by thermal fluids rising under pressure along a fault plane. \nAnalysis and radiocarbon dating of the allogenic sediments and archaeologic remains shows that the halite caves of Atacama are very young and that development is rapid during rare floods brought on by sudden, short rainstorms that may only affect a single stream catchment. By contrast, between these rare events, which may be several hundred years apart, there is little or no cave development.
Ultrastructural and Phylogenetic Description of Kudoa orbicularis n. sp. (Myxosporea: Multivalvulida): A Parasite Infecting the Muscle of the Fish Chaetobranchopsis orbicularis (Teleostei: Cichlidae) in the Amazon Region

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract A new myxosporean species is described from the muscle of the Amazonian freshwater fish Chaetobranchopsis orbicularis (Teleostei, Cichlidae), with basis on morphometric, ultrastructural and molecular data. Numerous myxospores were observed within pseudocysts located on the hosts' dorsal and ventral muscles, near the neural spines and neural canal (spinal cord). Mature myxospores quadrangular with rounded ends in apical view, measuring 4.3 (3.6–5.0) μm in length and 5.1 (4.2–5.8) μm in width. The myxospores wall is formed by four symmetric valves. Within, four pyriform polar capsules, 2.1 (1.7–2.6) μm long and 1.3 (0.9–1.7) μm wide, located two by two in opposite sides of the myxospores longitudinal axis, each containing a polar filament forming 2–3 coils. Molecular analysis of the SSU rRNA gene by maximum likelihood, neighbor‐joining and maximum parsimony confirms the parasite as a new member of the genus Kudoa , herein named Kudoa orbicularis n. sp., the second species of its genus reported from the South American freshwater fauna, and the fourth species worldwide known to occur in the freshwater environment. Furthermore, its sequence of the SSU rRNA gene constitutes the first entry of a freshwater Kudoa species in GenBank.
The Survival of Portuguese Credit Co-operatives: An Econometric Approach

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The banking system robustness is an actual concern and a priority for EU and national authorities. Although Portuguese Agricultural Credit Co-operatives (CCAM) performance, as a group, compares favourably with that of other credit institutions, individual CCAM occasionally do enter in distress. The increasingly large size of the CCAM raises concerns regarding the resolution of potential distress situations given some of the cooperative governance rules. The main purpose of this paper is to evaluate CCAM risk of insolvency. To accomplish this objective, the authors analyze the CCAM failures in the period between 1995 and 2009, adopting a Cox proportional hazards model. The model shows that Transformation ratio and Other Structural Costs ratio were important indicators to evaluate the relative risk of insolvency for CCAM.
Intact counterfactual emotion processing in autism spectrum disorder: Evidence from eye-tracking

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Counterfactual emotions, such as regret and relief, require an awareness of how things could have been different. We report a pre-registered experiment that examines the real-time understanding of counterfactual emotions in adults with and without ASD, based on research showing that the developmental trajectory of counterfactual thinking may be disrupted in people with ASD. Participants were eye-tracked as they read narratives in which a character made an explicit decision then subsequently experienced either a mildly negative or positive outcome. The final sentence in each story included an explicit remark about the character’s mood that was either consistent or inconsistent with the character’s expected feelings of regret or relief (e.g. “… she feels happy/annoyed about her decision.”). Results showed that adults with ASD are unimpaired in understanding emotions based on counterfactual reasoning, and in fact showed earlier sensitivity to inconsistencies within relief contexts compared to TD participants. This finding highlights a previously unknown strength in empathy and emotion processing in adults with ASD, which may have been masked in previous research that has typically relied on explicit, response-based measures to record emotional inferences, which are likely to be susceptible to demand characteristics and response biases. This study therefore highlights the value of employing implicit measures that provide insights on peoples’ immediate responses to emotional content without disrupting ongoing processing.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Ultrasonography in Detection of Destructive Changes in Small Joints of Hands in Patients of Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Comparison with Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The early diagnosis of Rheumatoid Arthritis by Ultrasonography and MRI is very important to early treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis. Ultrasonography is a reliable method for assessing inflammatory activity and destructive changes in small joints of hand as the Ultrasonographic findings are comparable to those of MRI.
Breakdown in conventional and vacuum microelectronics field emission devices

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The purpose of this paper is to review the fundamental limits to stable field emitted current, starting from the simple case of field emitters of various materials in high vacuum conventional dimension devices, then going to VM devices with small and moderately compact FEAs (eg. 10/sup 6/ tips/cm/sup 2/), then finally to the very large and compact FEA (eg. 10/sup 5/ tips and 10/sup 9/ tips/cm/sup 2/) used in some current microwave devices prototypes. In all cases we estimate the upper limits to current density and transconductance imposed by the onset of thermal instabilities. The observed occurrence of arcing at much lower current levels suggests, as a probable cause, an unusually large random fluctuation of the surface and emission of a field emission tip which in turn causes a temperature spike at the gate and initiates a runaway process in which both cathode and gate likely participate. Based on this assumption, we consider cathode and gate design techniques which may greatly reduce such fluctuations and thus allow arc free operation of FEAs at much higher current levels than now achieved.
Activity of Extracts and Alkaloids of ThaiAlstoniaSpecies Against Human Lung Cancer Cell Lines

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Methanol extracts of root barks of Alstonia macrophylla, A. glaucescens, and A. scholaris, collected from Thailand, have been assessed for cytotoxic activity against two human lung cancer cell lines, MOR-P (adenocarcinoma) and COR-L23 (large cell carcinoma), using the SRB assay. Significant cytotoxic activity was exhibited by the extract of A. macrophylla on both cell lines. Activity-directed fractionation led to the isolation of a novel indole alkaloid, O-methylmacralstonine, from the most active fraction of A. macrophylla along with four known alkaloids, talcarpine, villalstonine, pleiocarpamine, and macralstonine. Structure elucidation of the novel alkaloid was based on spectroscopic methods, especially 2D-NMR. The bisindole villalstonine was found to possess pronounced activity on both cell lines with an IC50 value less than 5 muM, but was about 10(3) times less potent than vinblastine sulphate. The monomeric alkaloid, talcarpine, was found to be inactive. Pleiocarpamine, O-methylmacralstonine and macralstonine were all considerably less active than villalstonine.