jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Islamic Education as an Approach to Drug Rehabilitation

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Drug abuse is a serious problem that affects individuals and society. drug rehabilitation that requires a holistic and spiritual approach as pe cts. This research group aims to re-explore the role of rat education as a drug rehabilitation approach. There is research on the methods used by researchers by collecting data from all observations, parts of observations, and required documents. There are findings that show that Islamic education is very important for the recovery process of illegal drug patients. This is an educational program that must be carried out which includes enthusiasm, morals, and so on. The research results showed that patients responded positively to Islamic religious education through approaches, attitudes, values ​​and behavior. The approach I take is about how to recover and recover from past drugs. . Implementation of this research is necessary to integrate Islamic education into Drug Addiction programs, provide speed to this approach, and I will not return our organization to support patient recovery.
Model-free power control of front-end PFC AC/DC converter for on-board charger

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In a two-stage on-board charger, the front-end PFC AC/DC converter with conventional dual closed-loop PI controller, which consists of a external voltage loop and a inner current loop, is used to perform ac/dc conversion and power factor correction. The main drawbacks are poor dynamic performance and insufficient anti-disturbance ability. Therefore, enhancing the dynamic performance of PFC AC/DC converter has become one of the key problems that need to be solved urgently. Inspired by the power control method of PFC AC/DC converter based on the differential flatness theory, model-free power control is introduced in this paper to further improve system dynamic performance and the robustness against model uncertainties, unknown disturbances and measurement noise. Therefore, the ultra-local model of PFC AC/DC converter is first established innovatively by using the input and output data of converter and the model-free power controller is then designed. Based on the abovementioned researches, the feasibility of the proposed model-free power control scheme of PFC AC/DC converter is confirmed through system simulation. Finally, the automatic code generation and efficiency evaluation of the model-free power controller are carried out and some valuable conclusions are shown.
Modified field studies for CSCW systems

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

At the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), we are in the process of instituting and assessing collaboration technologies for manufacturing applications. This position paper for the Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) Evaluation Methodologies Workshop briefly describes the modified field study method used to evaluate a groupware system supporting both synchronous and asynchronous communications over data for manufacturing research and operations teams. The paper also briefly describes the context in which the work is being performed, the groupware system being evaluated, data collection techniques and tools, an overview of the types of metrics used and some technical issues facing this endeavor.
Antigen-Based Immune Therapeutics for Type 1 Diabetes: Magic Bullets or Ordinary Blanks?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The ideal drug of modern medicine is the one that achieves its therapeutic target with minimal adverse effects. Immune therapy of Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is no exception, and knowledge of the antigens targeted by pathogenic T cells offers a unique opportunity towards this goal. Different antigen formulations are being considered, such as proteins or peptides, either in their native form or modified ad hoc , DNA plasmids, and cell-based agents. Translation from mouse to human should take into account important differences, particularly in the time scale of autoimmune progression, and intervention. Critical parameters such as administration route, dosing and interval remain largely empirical and need to be further dissected. T1D staging through immune surrogate markers before and after treatment will be key in understanding therapeutic actions and to finally turn ordinary blanks into magic bullets.
Alagir Gorge of North Ossetia-Alania: in the footsteps of archaeologist E.G. Pchelina

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

E.G. Pchelina (1895-1972) belongs to the galaxy of outstanding scientists who laid the foundation of Soviet Caucasian studies. She had a multi-faceted talent as a researcher and left a bright mark in archeology, religious studies, ethnography, folklore studies of the Caucasus, Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Central Asia. Most of her works, including those ready for publication, were not published during the scientist’s lifetime. The archive, bequeathed by her to the Academy of Sciences and transferred to LOARAN in 1973 by her daughter-in-law, the highly respected M.L. Pchelina, remained inaccessible until 2019. But the results of her research, reflected in published works and available from Reports of archaeological expeditions and documents in the archives of scientific institutions of North and South Ossetia, Moscow, St. Petersburg, Yaroslavl, were known and highly appreciated by archaeologists, ethnographers, historians. References to the materials of her archaeological collections from the Hermitage and museums of North and South Ossetia are often found in the works of modern researchers of the Caucasus. The name of the talented scientist has not been forgotten all these years. However, only now, with the beginning of work on the study of its archival heritage, it became clear what a wide scope of scientific problems is reflected in the unpublished works of the scientist, what global themes of the history of Ossetia have been studied and reflected in the monographs and articles of Evgenia Georgievna. In 2019-2021, scientific events “Bee Readings” were held in St. Petersburg, dedicated to the problems of studying the archival heritage of E.G. Pchelina and timed to the 125th anniversary of her birth. Thanks to the long-term efforts of the staff of the Archive of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the staff of the Hermitage, the Museum of Ethnography of St. Petersburg, the staff of SOIGSI, the grandchildren of Evgenia Georgievna, Nikolai and Mikhail Pchelin, as well as many people who are not indifferent to the fate and discoveries of Evgenia Georgievna, work with the archive is currently being successfully conducted and gradually reveals the great importance of the research conducted by Evgenia Georgievna in the Caucasus, which will now undoubtedly be known to a wide range of researchers.
Scyllo-inositol And Other Brain Metabolites In Relation To Regional Brain Volumes, Cognition, And Inflammatory Markers In HIV

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) are a manifestation of neuropsychological (NP) impairment. Brain atrophy that exceeds normal age-related volumetric loss has been observed in HIV patients with NP impairment, and cerebral metabolites have been associated with reduced regional brain volumes and cognitive impairment. Low levels of scyllo-inositol (sI) were recently found to be related to NP impairment in a cohort of HIV patients with mild-to-moderate cognitive impairment. sI has not been extensively studied in the HIV population, so its role in HIV infection and cognitive impairment is unknown. To elucidate the potential roles of sI and other cerebral metabolites in cognitive impairment, we examined associations between metabolites, regional brain volumes, NP performance, and inflammatory markers in HIV+ individuals on combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) who had mild-to-moderate cognitive impairment. We also examined changes in metabolites among HIV patients before and after initiation of Cenicriviroc (CVC) or Maraviroc (MVC).Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to obtain T1-weighted scans, which were processed using FreeSurfer (version 6.0) to obtain regional brain volumes and total intracranial volume (ICV) of HIV+ participants (N=30) from the CVC and Maraviroc MVC studies from the Hawaiʻi Center for AIDS. Single-voxel magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and magnetic resonance spectroscopy imaging (MRSI) at 3T was used to measure brain metabolites. Participants underwent NP tests in multiple domains. Immune and inflammatory markers were measured by multi-parametric flow cytometry. Multivariable regression models, Pearson and Spearman correlations, Wilcoxon signed-ranked tests, and Mann-Whitney tests were performed using SPSS (versions 26 and 27). There were many significant associations and correlations between cerebral metabolites, regional brain volumes, NP domains, and inflammatory markers. Choline concentrations increased among patients treated with CVC. HIV patients in the MVC treatment group vs. the placebo group had higher mean differences in GABA and choline. Our study identified multiple associations between cerebral metabolites and regional brain volumes, including sI being positively associated with the putamen, cerebellar cortex and white matter, and the brain stem. This metabolite should be studied further as it could play a role in improving brain health and neurocognitive performance among HIV+ individuals.
Motion Popout in Selective Visual Orienting at 4.5 But Not at 2 Months in Human Infants

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The effect of element density on selective orienting was examined in 2 experiments with 2- and 4.5-month-old infants. Selective visual orienting to a singleton oscillating target that appeared with other static bars was used to study the effects of element density. Increasing the set size and density of the static bars decreased selective orienting to the moving target in the 2-month-old infants, but it increased selective orienting in the 4.5-month-olds despite the fact that the overall levels of correct orienting to the target were titrated to be the same at the 2 ages. Thus, density affected the selectivity of visual orienting to movement at these 2 ages differently with popout being evident at the older age. In the 2nd experiment, motion popout for the 4.5-month-old infants was replicated using oscillating targets that had the same peak and mean speeds but different temporal frequencies and amplitudes of oscillation. Increases in the efficiency of perceptual grouping of similar elements between 2 and 4.5 months of age could overcome the lateral masking effects of increasing element density seen at the lower end of this age range.
A high throughout, extensible and flexible ultrasonic excitation and acquisition system for ultrasound imaging

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Ultrasound computed tomography his paper designs and implements a high throughout, extensible and flexible ultrasound excitation and data acquisition system that transmits sustained high-speed ultrasound data to the server by Ethernet technology. The system is mainly used for the second-generation ultrasound computed tomography system designed in the medical ultrasound lab, but can also be utilized by other types of ultrasound imaging systems. The system consists of one or more ultrasonic excitation and acquisition boards. Each board includes multiplexing switches, pulse generators with T/R switches, analog front ends, analog-to-digital converters, and an FPGA, and can be used to excite a 256-element probe to transmit and receive ultrasound signals. The peak and the average bandwidth of one single board are 44.8Gbps and 4Gbps, respectively. Potential users can combine several excitation and acquisition boards to build high-end ultrasound imaging systems. The system has been applied to upgrade our ultrasound computed tomography system.
Evaluating capacity and delay given the implementation of ITS technology at truck weight and safety inspection stations

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This research presents a simple-to-use simulation model developed to simulate, at the planning level, the activities that occur at a typical roadside weight and safety screening station. The parameters can be modified by the user to simulate a facility with different dimensions and parameters (e.g. longer ramps, more safety inspection bays, a higher rate of vehicle being selected for safety inspection, more or less vehicle failing weight screening at the weigh-in-motion or static scales). The inputs and data requirements for the model are relatively minor and appropriate for planning level analysis.
Regional spread of an atypical ESBL-producing Escherichia coli ST131H89 clone among different human and environmental reservoirs in Western Switzerland

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

We describe the inter-regional spread of a novel ESBL-producing Escherichia coli subclone (ST131H89) in long-term care facility residents, general population, and environmental water sources in Western Switzerland between 2017 and 2020. The study highlights the importance of molecular surveillance for tracking emerging antibiotic-resistant pathogens in healthcare and community settings.
Effect of Intervention With the Self-Determined Learning Model of Instruction on Access and Goal Attainment

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Promoting self-determination has been identified as best practice in special education and transition services and as a means to promote goal attainment and access to the general education curriculum for students with disabilities. There have been, however, limited evaluations of the effects of interventions to promote self-determination on outcomes related to access to the general education curriculum. This article reports findings from a cluster or group-randomized trial control group study examining the impact of intervention using the Self-Determined Learning Model of Instruction on students’ academic and transition goal attainment and on access to the general education curriculum for students with intellectual disability and learning disabilities. Findings support the efficacy of the model for both goal attainment and access to the general education curriculum, though students varied in the patterns of goal attainment as a function of type of disability.
‘Bus fare please’: the economics of sex and gifts among young people in urban South Africa

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In South Africa, young people's sexual relationships are often underpinned by an economic exchange: gifts or favours for sex. Studies have pointed out the negative consequences of the exchanges that are often characterized by large age differences or power imbalances. Perhaps more pervasive but largely ignored, gift giving in like‐age relationships may also be associated with sexual leverage, an exchange which somehow entitles one partner physical and sexual rights to the other's body. The circumstances surrounding gifts and favours may shape young women and men's sexual experiences, their ability to negotiate the circumstances of those encounters, and the possibility of concluding or remoulding a relationship into another form. Using focus group discussions collected in the Durban metropolitan area among young people aged 14–22, this paper examines the economic context of gift giving or receiving and its relationship to patterns of risky sexual behaviour. Findings suggest that gift giving among like‐age adolescents is common and important in shaping sexual relationships. Young people associate money or cash with prostitution, but do not consider gifts as such. Types of gifts and their meaning varied considerably by racial group and by gender.
Mild Ill-Posedness inL∞ for 2D Resistive MHD Equations Near a Background Magnetic Field

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The global well-posedness on the 2D resistive MHD equations without kinematic dissipation remains an outstanding open problem. This is a critical problem. Any $L^p$-norm of the vorticity $\omega $ with $1\le p&lt;\infty $ has been shown to be bounded globally (in time), but whether the $L^\infty $-norm of $\omega $ is globally bounded remains elusive. The global boundedness of $\|\omega \|_{L^\infty }$ yields the resolution of the aforementioned open problem. This paper examines the $L^\infty $-norm of $\omega $ from a different perspective. We construct a sequence of initial data near a special steady state to show that the $L^\infty $-norm of $\omega $ is actually mildly ill-posed.
Reducing obstacles to the provision of quality diabetic care

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract High quality diabetic care is seen as influenced by the organisation of care, health care workers' involvement in diabetes-specific areas, co-operation among staff members, the availability of resources, and the competence of medical staff (including both physicians and nurses). In a prospective study we have tested a programme for improvements of the quality of diabetes services which combined organisational development and continuing medical education (CME) measures. The study involved 34 primary health care centres over an 18 month period and was based on the responses to questionnaires answered by 123 general practitioners and 247 registered nurses at the 34 PHCCs. The combined programme had a considerable influence on inter-group co-operation, staff members' perceptions of resources available, and nurses' involvement in diabetic care (54 versus 30% seeing diabetic patients for regular check-ups). The results show that, in order to diminish obstacles to high quality care, organisation of care as well as care workers' theoretical knowledge has to be focused.
Should depressed people focus on their low mood? Adaptive and maladaptive processing modes in unipolar depression

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) is hypothesised to reduce the risk of depressive relapse by teaching participants to adopt a mindful rather than a ruminative mode of information processing. This study aimed to examine the effects of state and trait ruminative and mindful modes of processing on Social Problem Solving (SPS) and affect in participants vulnerable to depressive relapse. Dysphoric participants with and without a history of depression were assessed for SPS and affect before and after manipulations designed to induce mindful (experiential) or ruminative (analytic) processing modes. Results indicated that increased trait rumination was associated with increased SPS ability following mindful processing only. Increased SPS ability was found following mindful processing for recovered depressed participants with less than three episodes of depression, but not for those with more than two. Trait mindfulness was found to influence SPS ability dependent upon processing condition and depression history. Processing conditions had equivalent effect on mood. These findings suggest that mindful processing may help reduce the risk of depressive relapse by increasing SPS in those with low mood and high levels of trait rumination. The influence of trait mindfulness and number of depressive episodes on the effectiveness of mindful processing inductions warrants further investigation.
Misfolded SOD1 Accumulation and Mitochondrial Association Contribute to the Selective Vulnerability of Motor Neurons in Familial ALS: Correlation to Human Disease

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, with a 10% genetic linkage, of which 20% of these cases may be attributed to mutations in superoxide dismutase (SOD1). Specific mutations in SOD1 have been associated with disease duration, which can be highly variable ranging from a life expectancy of 3 to beyond 10 years. SOD1 neurotoxicity has been attributed to aberrant accumulation of misfolded SOD1, which in its soluble form binds to intracellular organelles disrupting their function or forms insoluble toxic aggregates. To understand whether these biophysical properties of the mutant protein may influence disease onset and duration, we generated 19 point mutations in the SOD1 gene, based on available clinical data of disease onset and progression from patients. By overexpressing these mutants in motor-neuron-like NSC-34 cells, we demonstrate a variability in misfolding capacity between the different mutants with a correlation between the degree of protein misfolding and mutation severity. We also show a clear variation of the different SOD1 mutants to associate with mitochondrial-enriched fractions with a correlation between mutation severity and this association. In summary, these findings reveal a correlation between the accumulation of misfolded SOD1 species and their mitochondrial association with disease duration but not with disease onset, and they have implications for the potential therapeutic role of suppressing the accumulation of misfolded SOD1.
On the Stabilization of a Class of OSL Conformable Fractional Order Nonlinear Systems

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

One-Sided Lipschitz (OSL) fractional order modeling is a top choice for solving the stabilization issue of nonlinear systems. Despite numerous studies on the subject, there remains a gap in understanding when it comes to fractional calculus. By providing a stabilizing strategy for a certain type of OSL fractional order nonlinear systems, this study fills the gap. A numerical example demonstrating the correctness of the suggested approach and demonstrating its efficacy for the tested class.
El constitucionalismo de los derechos sociales a partir de la Constitución Política de 1991 en el Estado colombiano

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article outlines the results of the research project. Which has as its object of study, to establish the formation of the institution of the constitutionalism of social rights, in the Political Constitution of 1991. Therefore, the problem question to pose is: How does the Political Constitution of 1991 allow the development of the institution of the constitutionalism of social rights, in relation to the Social State of Law, constitutional jurisprudence and the interpretation of fundamental rights in a social key? Which is resolved through the conceptualization of the figure of Social Rights and the analysis of the current application in the Colombian constitutional jurisprudence. In turn, the main result of the investigation, allows to identify how the figure of constitutionalization is part of the evolution that a State like the Colombian, going through when it coins in its fundamental precepts the social key. So that the question can be correctly concluded, while the 1991 constitution does allow maximizing the social rights of a State.
Neuropeptide B promotes proliferation and differentiation of rat brown primary preadipocytes

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Neuropeptide B (NPB) is reported to regulate energy homeostasis and metabolism via the NPBWR1 and NPBWR2 receptors in various tissues. However, the molecular mechanisms triggered from their interaction are not well investigated in brown adipose tissue. In this study, we specifically analyzed the role of NPB in controlling brown adipogenesis in rat brown preadipocytes. We first detected the expression of NPBWR1 and NPB on mRNA and protein level in brown preadipocytes and observed that NPB increased viability and proliferation of preadipocytes. Moreover, NPB stimulated expression of adipogenic genes ( Prdm16 , Ucp1 ) and suppressed the expression of antiadipogenic preadipocyte factor 1 ( Pref1 ) during the differentiation process. Altogether, this led to an increase in intracellular lipid accumulation during preadipocyte differentiation, coupled with an increase in adrenaline‐induced oxygen consumption mediated by NPB. Furthermore, Ucp1 expression stimulated by NPB was attenuated by blockade of p38 kinase. In summary, we conclude that NPB promotes proliferation and differentiation of rat brown preadipocytes via p38‐dependent mechanism and plays an important role in controlling brown adipose tissue formation.