jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Materials Data on Cr2CoS4 by Materials Project

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

CoCr2S4 is Spinel structured and crystallizes in the cubic Fd-3m space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Cr3+ is bonded to six equivalent S2- atoms to form CrS6 octahedra that share corners with six equivalent CoS4 tetrahedra and edges with six equivalent CrS6 octahedra. All Cr–S bond lengths are 2.39 Å. Co2+ is bonded to four equivalent S2- atoms to form CoS4 tetrahedra that share corners with twelve equivalent CrS6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 57°. All Co–S bond lengths are 2.22 Å. S2- is bonded in a distorted rectangular see-saw-like geometry to three equivalent Cr3+ and one Co2+ atom.
Pharmacist-Monks in the Tang Dynasty: A Group of Mahayana Buddhist Followers and their Contributions to Chinese Buddhism

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Pharmacist-monks (yaoseng 1 ), a group of Buddhist monks who devote themselves to the production of Chinese herbal medicines, have existed in China for over 1000 years, but are still poorly understood. To provide important insight into the special religious group, this study inspected Poetry of the Tang Dynasty and other historical data in Chinese ancient texts. The results suggest there were numerous pharmacist-monks in the Tang Dynasty. From the samvrti-satya viewpoint, they participated in the entire manufacturing process for Chinese herbal medicines, and sometimes directly carried out medical charity activity. Their contributions to Chinese Buddhism are summarized as: (i) to provide herbal medicines as a form of Buddhist charity, or to express compassionate ideals of Buddhism via direct medical charity; (ii) to provide food for devotees at Buddhist temples; and (iii) to beautify Buddhist temples. However, from the paramartha-satya viewpoint, these pharmacist-monks actually practiced six paramitas (i.e. dana, sila-vinaya, ksanti, virya, dhyana, and prajna) which are the main characteristics of mahayana Buddhism. Therefore, they are considered as mahayana followers. They lived laborious but happy, and were widely respected by the secular society. They inherited mahayanist tradition and accelerated the development of mahayana Buddhism in China.
Conclusion

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

In this concluding chapter, we note some of the societal problems associated with corporations, such as income inequality, and explore the relationship between those problems and the fact that shareholders have ultimate control of corporate decision-making. We then catalog the ways in which the theoretical underpinnings of this arrangement – shareholder primacy – appear to be in decline and the accompanying law and economics arguments in favor of the exclusive shareholder franchise have fallen apart. The chapter, and the book, conclude with some thoughts about how incorporating employees into firm governance is the best path forward.
CXCR4-directed [ 68 Ga]Ga-PentixaFor PET/CT versus adrenal vein sampling performance: a study protocol for a randomised two-step controlled diagnoStic Trial Ultimately comparing hypertenSion outcome in primary aldosteronism (CASTUS)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction Primary aldosteronism (PA) is the most common form of secondary hypertension. It is caused by overproduction of aldosterone by either a unilateral aldosterone-producing adenoma (APA) or by bilateral adrenal hyperplasia (BAH). Distinction is crucial, because PA is cured by adrenalectomy in APA and is treated by mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists in BAH. The distinction is currently made by adrenal vein sampling (AVS). AVS is a costly, invasive and complex technical procedure with limited availability and is not superior in terms of outcomes to CT scan-based diagnosis. Thus, there is a need for a cheaper, non-invasive and readily available diagnostic tool in PA. We propose a new diagnostic imaging modality employing the positron emission tomography (PET) tracer [ 68 Ga]Ga-PentixaFor. This tracer has high focal uptake in APAs, whereas low uptake was shown in patients with normal adrenals. Thus, [ 68 Ga]Ga-PentixaFor PET/CT is an imaging modality with the potential to improve subtyping of PA. It is readily available, safe and, as an out-patient procedure, much cheaper diagnostic method than AVS. Methods and analysis We present a two-step randomised controlled trial (RCT) protocol in which we assess the accuracy of [ 68 Ga]Ga-PentixaFor PET/CT in the first step and compare [ 68 Ga]Ga-PentixaFor PET/CT to AVS in the second step. In the first step, the concordance will be determined between [ 68 Ga]Ga-PentixaFor PET/CT and AVS and a concordance probability is calculated with a Bayesian prediction model. In the second step, we will compare [ 68 Ga]Ga-PentixaFor PET/CT and AVS for clinical outcome and intensity of hypertensive drug use defined as daily defined doses in a RCT. Ethics and dissemination Ethics approval was acquired from the medical ethical committee East-Netherlands (METC Oost-Nederland). Results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed articles. Trial registration number NL9625.
Fluctuations in the glucose level of cow's milk from normal and subclinically diseased udders.

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Individual quarter samples from some 19 cows on average were investigated monthly over 12 months for determining the udder health status of cows and the glucose concentrations of foremilk and strippings. Foremilk showed a mean 0,1311 mM concentration of glucose which remained fairly stable during the period of investigation and lactation. A fluctuating mean value of 0,2037 mM was determined in strippings in which glucose levels were consistently and appreciably higher than those of foremilk. Foremilk from completely normal quarters and others affected by non-specific cellular reaction, relevant or irrelevant teat canal infection and aseptic or septic subclinical mastitis, showed mean glucose concentrations of 0,1410; 0,1392; 0,1337; 0,1417; 0,1262 and 0,1248 mM, respectively. Strippings from the same quarters showed corresponding values of 0,2056; 0,2861; 0,2100; 0,1733; 0,1661 and 0,1617 mM glucose.
Forging a force: rulers, professional expatriates, and the creation of Abu Dhabi’s Police

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

It has long been observed that the development of professional security institutions is a key stage in modern state formation. Leaders of many proto-states embarking on programs of rapid development – such as many of the rulers of the Arab Gulf States in the 1960s – have brought in foreign professional expertise to assist in building up fledgling state institutions, including militaries, police forces and intelligence services. We know little, however, about the relationship between ruler and these key expatriates performing these functions. To help fill this lacuna, this article examines the first three expatriate professional heads of Abu Dhabi Police over the period 1959-68 and their relationship with their paymasters – first Shaikh Shakhbut bin Sultan Al Nahyan, then his brother, Shaikh Zayed. It details the difficulties these professional expatriates faced in operating within this ruler-dominated political-administration system. We believe observations made in this study have relevance to the contemporary Gulf, where governments continue to employ highly skilled expatriates in their security institutions and much else besides.
Experimental Verification of the Flow Fluctuation Induced by a Single Swirling Vortex Layer in a Rigid Pipe Flow.

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

When a swirling flow is added to a parallel pipe flow, a shear flow is formed between parallel and swirling flows and flow fluctuations are induced by the instability of the flows. This was indentified on an experimental apparatus of the flows by using an anemometer, and it was found that the experimental results on these flow fluctuation characteristics almost agreed with the theoretical results predicted by the previously published theory about the stability of a single swirling vortex layer in a rigid pipe. Comparing this fluctuation with the fluctuation in a simple swirling flow, the author clarified also the differences between the two.
Study Regarding the Correlation between Body Mass and spur Length in Hunting Pheasant (males), in November

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This work presents a study on the correlation between body mass and spur length in November 2009.November is the month when the pheasant hunting begins. The structure per ages of pheasant cocks is not well known, but we may consider that over 80% are pheasants eclosed during the current year, from the first, second or the third mating, so that the body mass and spur length were different according to age.
Dynamic bias-temperature instability study of metal/high-K gate stacks

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

In summary, a systematic study on the dynamic BTI of the metal/high-k gate stacks is \nconducted. The evolution of the switching oxide traps under the NBT and PBT \nstressing are compared and the possible oxygen defect framework is proposed. The \nfrequency dependence of the BTI recovery is also examined. Implications of these \nnew experimental observations on the device reliability assessment and modeling are \ndiscussed.
Use of Benzodiazepines in the Community

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

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Aerospace Industry Applications of the Fast Fourier Transform

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The advantages of the Cooley-Tukey technique for calculating the Fourier transform of a function were recognized immediately and universally; there is probably no other algorithm which was incorporated in program libraries so fast, and after only eight years it is now likely that there are no laboratories where current engineering work is being done that do not have an operational version of the fast Fourier transform. It would be reasonable to expect that this now universal ability to make the transform (and inverse transform) with great economy would have encouraged its widespread use and the development of new applications of this powerful technique. A cursory survey within the Aerospace Industry confirms that it is indeed being used widely, but suggests that the major use is the routine one of spectral analysis, where the Fourier transform is an end product rather than a tool. This paper attempts to encourage the wider use of the fast Fourier transform by describing some additional applications from the experience of the authors and others at the author's home company, and from the experience of others whose comments have been solicited.
Self, other and individuation: resolving narcissism through the lunar and solar paths of the Rosarium

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract This paper describes narcissism as our natural, infant‐like behaviour, and specifies three characteristics relating to the evacuation and avoidance of distress, to control, and to distancing from relationship. It suggests that the processes of incarnation and individuation represent the development of the early ego and the ‘resolution’ of these narcissistic ways of being, including escape from the ‘mirror trap’. The development of the early, controlling ‘homunculus‐ego’ entails the loosening and broadening of ego‐identifications and the ego becoming subject to the Self. This is an embodied‐relational‐social‐spiritual process outlined in detail by the full 20 woodcuts of the Rosarium Philosophorum, and specifically the lunar (relational) and solar (self‐expressive) paths, which are explored herein. These processes are illustrated with respect to the interaction between infant and caregiver, clinical vignettes and examples from the political sphere.
Effects of the Insect Growth Regulator Dimilin on Larval Development of Hemigrapsus sanguineus (Crustacea, Brachyura) Reared in the Laboratory

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The effects of insect growth regulator Dimilin which interfere with the synthesis of chitin in the cuticle of insect larvae were investigated at various concentrations using the crab larvae of Hemigrapsus sanguineus. The larvae were cultured at control, 0.5, 1, 5 and 10 Dimilin solutions and three replicate experiments were carried out to give correct analysis. Significant differences in percent mortality have occurred between control and 10 when the larvae were exposed to Dimilin whereas no differences were found between 5 and 10 Dimilin concentrations. If lethal concentration is defined as concentration at which less than 10 percent of crab larvae reach to the last zoeal stage from hatching it can be concluded that insect growth regulator Dimilin is lethal to the larvae of Hemigrapsus sanguineus at 5 and 10 Dimilin.
ENHANCED COGNITIVE FUNCTIONING THROUGH REAL-TIME EEG-DRIVEN ADAPTIVE TECHNIQUES FOR AIR TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Future air traffic systems aim at increasing both the capacity and safety of the system, necessitating the development of new metrics and advisory tools for controllers’ workload in real-time. Psychophysiological data such as Electroencephalography (EEG) are used to contrast and validate subjective assessments and workload indices. EEG used within augmented cognition systems form situation awareness advisory tools that are able to provide real-time feedback to air-traffic control supervisors and planners. This augmented cognition system and experiments using the system with air traffic controllers are presented. Traffic indicators are used in conjunction with EEG-driven cognitive indicators to adapt the traffic in real-time through Computational Red Teaming (CRT) based adaptive control mechanisms. The metrics, measures, and adaptive control mechanisms are described and evaluated. The best mechanism to improve system efficacy was found when the system allowed for real-time adaptation of traffic based on engagement metrics driven from the EEG data.
CT-GUIDED PERCUTANEOUS FIXATION OF PELVIC FRACTURES. CASE REPORTS

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Unstable pelvic fractures are usually associated with high impact energy trauma. As to surgical procedures the most frequently used methods are open reduction and inner fixation (ORIF), the other methods of stabilizing the unstable posterior pelvic ring are percutaneous iliosacral screw fixation under fluoroscopic control and CT-guided percutaneous fixation. The last mentioned procedure eliminates some of the problems associated with surgical treatment: prevents excessive blood loss during manipulation of the fracture hematom, lowers the possibility of infection, allows more accurate screw placement with direct measuring of the screw length and decreases the possibility of nerve injury. The CT-guided fixation is a delicate procedure and its result depends among others on the cooperation between operating room and CT room personnel. The radiologist and CT technologist have to know the operation technique and have to understand surgeon's requirements. In the available literature only a little was written and mentioned about the exact role of radiologist and CT technologist in the team. The aim of this article is to present the operation technique according to authors' own experience with two operated patients and to mention the surgeon's requirements on CT team.
DIURNAL VARIATIONS IN PLASMA PROLACTIN, GROWTH HORMONE, CORTISOL AND BLOOD GLUCOSE IN LABILE DIABETES MELLITUS

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

SUMMARY In labile diabetes mellitus without ketoacidosis we have studied plasma prolactin levels and a possible causal connection between fluctuation in blood glucose concentration and plasma prolactin, growth hormone and cortisol levels. The hormone concentrations in plasma and blood glucose concentration were determined at 20 min intervals for a 24 h period in six male patients with insulin treated diabetes mellitus. Prolactin varied within the normal range but without any significant rise in relation to sleep in five out of the six patients. Growth hormone levels were low with superimposed secretory peaks. Plasma cortisol showed a normal diurnal rhythm. Blood glucose fluctuated as expected, but the variations and especially the falls in blood glucose to non‐hypoglycaemic levels were not followed by increases in plasma hormone concentrations. No relationship could be demonstrated between the changes in the plasma concentration of prolactin, growth hormone and cortisol.
Therapeutic targeting of macrophages in lupus nephritis.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease which results in multiple different end organ pathologies, including the kidney. Lupus nephritis (LN) is one of the most serious complications of SLE, and a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Current treatment options are suboptimal, involving non-specific immunosuppression which exposes patients to potentially serious side effects with no guarantee of remission. More targeted therapeutic approaches may improve treatment results. Many studies have implicated macrophages as actively contributing to LN pathogenesis in both human and murine disease. Indeed, various studies have shown that depletion of macrophage populations, inhibition of macrophage recruitment, and disruption of inflammatory macrophage activation and polarization have significantly ameliorated nephritis in several different murine LN models. The current literature explores targeting macrophages by several different means, including the CSF-1/CSF-1R signaling axis, the CX3CL1/CX3CR1 signaling axis, the CCL2/CCR2 signaling axis, and Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase (BTK), all of which hold promise as targets for future LN treatments. These studies highlight the potential benefit of targeting macrophages in LN, and emphasize the need for future investigations to discern the ideal mean(s) for targeting macrophages in LN.
Harnessing intrinsic electric fields in 2D Janus MoOX (X=S, Se, and Te) monolayers for enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Two-dimensional (2D) Janus monolayers, distinguished by their intrinsic vertical electric fields, emerge as highly efficient and eco-friendly materials for advancing the field of hydrogen evolution reactions (HER). In this study, we explore, for the first time, the potential viability of the oxygenation phase of two-dimensional Janus transition metal dichalcogenides MoOX (X = S, Se, and Te) monolayers as an exceptionally efficient photocatalyst for hydrogen production. Based on first-principles computations, we demonstrate that all three monolayers exhibit semiconductor behavior, characterized by a band gap ranging from 0.66 to 1.55 eV. This narrow band gap renders the proposed materials highly efficient at absorbing light within the visible region. Excitingly, the introduction of an electrostatic potential difference ΔΦ has granted us the ability to surpass the conventional bandgap limit (Eg≥1.23). Consequently, all monolayers exhibit favorable band alignment with respect to the vacuum level. Moreover, the calculated solar-to-hydrogen efficiency for the envisaged monolayer exceeds the established theoretical limit. Particularly, the MoOTe monolayer emerges as an infrared-light-driven photocatalyst, demonstrating a remarkable solar-to-hydrogen efficiency limit of up to 25,21% when considering the entire solar spectrum. A thorough examination of the Gibbs free energy differences across these monolayers has revealed that the values during the oxygenation phase are significantly smaller and approach the optimum, in contrast to the parental two-dimensional Janus transition metal dichalcogenides. Our results conclusively establish that the proposed materials exhibit exceptional efficiency as photocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reactions. Notably, their efficacy is demonstrated even in the lack of co-catalysts or sacrificial agents.
A phase I study with an expansion cohort of the combination of ipilimumab and brentuximab vedotin in patients with relapsed/refractory Hodgkin lymphoma: A trial of the ECOG-ACRIN Cancer Research Group (E4412).

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

TPS8602 Background: E4412 is a phase 1 study with an expansion cohort of the combination of brentuximab vedotin (BV) and ipilumumab in patients with relapsed and refractory Hodgkin lymphoma (HL). Despite advances in chemotherapy, relapsed HL remains a significant problem, with over 1,000 lives lost annually. HL has a unique biology in which a small number of malignant Hodgkin Reed-Sternberg (HRS) cells propagate an immunosuppressive microenvironment. In E4412 the peri-tumoral T cells are primed with ipilimumab and the HRS cells targeted with the CD30 specific antibody-drug conjugate BV. We hypothesize that this immuno-chemotherapy approach may overcome tumor cell resistance and deepen clinical response. E4412 is the first clinical trial targeting the HL tumor microenvironment in conjunction with HRS tumor cell targeting. Methods: E4412 is currently open at 7 sites within ECOG. A modified 3+3 dose escalation design is used; 6 patients are tested at each dose level if no more than one DLT is observed in the first 3 patients. All DLT are evaluated within the first cycle (1 cycle = 21 days). The primary endpoint is the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of the combination. Secondary endpoints include complete response (CR) rate, partial response (PR) rate, overall response (ORR) rate, duration of response (DOR), overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Response rates are reported along 95% confidence intervals. DOR, PFS and OS are estimated using Kaplan-Meier methodology. BV is given at 1.8mg/kg and ipilimumab at 1mg/kg (cohort 1) and 3mg/kg (cohort 2) every 21 days for 4 cycles. From cycle 5 BV is given q 21 days, and ipilimumab on cycles 8, 12, and 16. Once the MTD is established, 9 patients are treated in an expansion cohort with BV at 1.8mg/kg and ipilumumab at MTD. Eligibility Criteria include: age > 18, relapsed HL, measurable disease, no prior relapse on BV, no active GVHD or immunosuppressive therapy, ECOG 0-2, FEV1/FVC > 60%, hematology and chemistry labs within standard parameters, no uncontrolled systemic illness. Cohorts I and II have been completed. Expansion cohort enrollment opened on February 3rd, 2015. Clinical trial information: NCT01896999.