jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Automatic modeling and validation of pipeline specifications driven by an architecture description language [SoC]

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Verification is one of the most complex and expensive tasks in the current systems-on-chip (SOC) design process. Many existing approaches employ a bottom-up approach to pipeline validation, where the functionality of an existing pipelined processor is, in essence, reverse-engineered from its RT-level implementation. Our approach leverages the system architect's knowledge about the behavior of the pipelined architecture, through architecture description language (ADL) constructs, and thus allows a powerful top-down approach to pipeline validation. This paper addresses automatic validation of processor, memory, and co-processor pipelines described in an ADL. We present a graph-based modeling of architectures which captures both structure and behavior of the architecture. Based on this model, we present formal approaches for automatic validation of the architecture described in the ADL. We applied our methodology to verify several realistic architectures from different architectural domains to demonstrate the usefulness of our approach.
Discourse-shifting practices of a teacher and learning facilitator in a bilingual mathematics classroom

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In bilingual classrooms, content is often learned simultaneously with a new language. Recent applied linguistics research has identified shifts in discourse made by teachers and learners as they work towards these two goals. Departing from a sociocultural perspective on teaching and learning, this study assumes learners and teachers bring rich and diverse linguistic repertoires to the classroom. This paper examines selected episodes of discourse shifts which took place in a week-long mathematics enrichment programme run by a non-government organisation in rural South Africa. In this Xhosa-English bilingual context, I undertook a small-scale ethnographically-informed case study in which evidence of and comment on discourse shifting was collected in the form of video and audio recordings of lessons and interviews with participants. The focus of the analysis is on the translanguaging strategies (especially register meshing) of the teacher and a learning facilitator as they work to make the curriculum accessible to the learners. The argument made in the paper is that the unidirectional notion of discourse shifting from more everyday, spoken, home language discourses to more discipline-specific, written, English discourses is not adequate in explaining the complex multidirectional shifting apparent in my data.
The Decline in Food Stamp Use by Rural Low-Income Households: Less Need or Less Access?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Act of 1996 (PRWORA) dramatically transformed the federal safety net and the food assistance landscape for low-income households in the United States.Although considerable research has focused on understanding how these reforms are affecting the lives of low-income families, most research to date has focused on urban settings.Yet there is reason to think that welfare reform may not be working as well for the almost 7.5 million people living in poverty
<title>Reflectance for an approximately one-dimensional rough surface that has rms roughness greater than a wavelength</title>

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A relation between the intensity reflectances of approximately one-dimensional and one-dimensional rough surfaces within the diffraction solid angle in the specular direction for normal incidence is derived for an rms roughness greater than a wavelength. The relation shows that the reflectance of an approximately one-dimensional rough surface is proportional to the reflectance of a one-dimension rough surface. The validity of the derived relation is studied for an approximately one-dimensional rough steel surface with an rms roughness of 1.3 μm and a correlation length of 15.2 μm. The wavelength was 0.6328 μm and the angle of incidence was 4°. The reflectance of the rough steel surface was measured and estimated from the derived relation. Satisfactory agreement was found between the estimated and measured reflectance values.
Anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies in rheumatoid arthritis, brucellar arthritis and Behcets disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In Behcet’s disease (BD) and Brucellosis, joint involvement is very common and it may share similarities with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Anti-cyclic citrullinated peptides (CCP) are evaluated as more specific autoantibodies than rheumatoid factor (RF) in RA. The aim of this study is to determine whether anti-CCP antibodies are useful in the differential diagnosis of RA from other arthritis or not. 153 serum samples were used in the study; 34 from RA patients, 26 from brucellar arthritis, 20 from BD with arthritis, 41 from BD without arthritis and 32 from healthy controls. In vitro quantitative, anti-CCP levels were measured by using fluoroenzyme-immunoassay (FEIA) method. Among RA patients, 73.5% were anti-CCP-positive and 70.5% were RF-positive. While there was a statistical difference in the anti-CCP and RF positivity rates between RA and brucellar arthritis patients, BD patients and healthy controls (p = 0.0001), there was no statistical difference between BD patients with arthritis and BD patients without arthritis. Also none of the Brucellar arthritispatients was positive for anti-CCP antibodies, one of them were positive for RF. Our results indicate that anti-CCP antibodies are not associated with brucellar arthritis or BD with joint involvement and since they show high specificity and good sensitivity for RA, they can be evaluated as a better marker than RF especially for the differentiation of RA from other types of arthritis such as BD and brucellar arthritis. Key words: Rheumatoid arthritis, Behcet's disease, brucellar arthritis, anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody, rheumatoid factor.
ABSOLUTE POLYCYTHEMIA IN A BALD EAGLE (HALIAEETUS LEUCOCEPHALUS)

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

An approximately 6-mo-old female bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) was presented for an inability to fly and bilateral drooped wings. Pectoral muscle atrophy with a moderate polycythemia was present. Over the course of 3 wk, there were no improvements in flight capacity, although the bird gained substantial weight. Further investigation revealed a prominent cyanosis that was responsive to oxygen therapy, a chronic respiratory acidosis with hypoxia, a cardiac murmur, and a persistent polycythemia. No obvious antemortem etiology for the clinical findings was discovered on computerized tomography, angiography, or echocardiography. The bird was euthanatized as a result of the poor prognosis. Necropsy and histopathology revealed no significant cardiovascular or pulmonary pathology. No myopathy was evident on electron microscopy of formalin-fixed tissues. Based on these diagnostics, a neuromuscular disorder is suspected as the cause for the blood gas abnormalities, with a resulting polycythemia from the hypoxia.
Efficacy of certain plant extracts against seed-borne infection of Collectotrichum destructivum on cowpea (Vigna uniguculata)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Aqueous extracts of leaves of Moringa oleifera Lam, Vernonia amygdalina and Annona muricata were evaluated for the control of Collectotrichum destructivum on seeds of cowpea (Vigna uniguculata). The seeds were soaked in sterile distilled water extract (10, 20 and 30%, w/v) of the leaves for 6, 12 and 18 h. All these plant extracts had significant inhibitory growth effect on the fungal pathogen. M. oleifera extract was more effective than other plant extracts and compared favorably with benomyl in the control of the pathogen.
Rural Development within the Context of Development, Sustainability and Rural Issues - Some Constitutional, Policy and Implementation Perspectives

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article provides an overview of some developments, internationally, regionally and in the SADC, in relation to development, that may be expected to influence the South African government’s response to the development needs of the people in the country. An overview is provided of the somewhat haphazard way in which the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 refers to the need for and objective of development (including rural development) in the country. Through their explanatory outline of three distinct phases in South African rural development law and policy: 1994–2000 (the Reconstruction and Development Programme and related documents and their implementation); 2000–April 2009 (the Integrated Sustainable Rural Development Strategy and its implementation) and April 2009+ (the Comprehensive Rural Development Programme and related documents), the authors review some of the historical strengths and future prospects related to rural development in South Africa. Based on an assessment of historicaltrends, a number of recommendations are made for government’s way forward in the implementation of the constitutional objectives, law and policy relevant to rural development in the country.
Polyploidy in tissue homeostasis and regeneration

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Polyploid cells, which contain multiple copies of the typically diploid genome, are widespread in plants and animals. Polyploidization can be developmentally programmed or stress induced, and arises from either cell-cell fusion or a process known as endoreplication, in which cells replicate their DNA but either fail to complete cytokinesis or to progress through M phase entirely. Polyploidization offers cells several potential fitness benefits, including the ability to increase cell size and biomass production without disrupting cell and tissue structure, and allowing improved cell longevity through higher tolerance to genomic stress and apoptotic signals. Accordingly, recent studies have uncovered crucial roles for polyploidization in compensatory cell growth during tissue regeneration in the heart, liver, epidermis and intestine. Here, we review current knowledge of the molecular pathways that generate polyploidy and discuss how polyploidization is used in tissue repair and regeneration.
Design of control dominated hardware based on formal methods

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We present an approach for synchronous design of communication units. A graphical design entry based on timing diagrams allows the designer to comfortably specify the abstract behaviour of a communication unit. Graphical specifications are formalized using a process algebra capable of explicitly modeling data flow. Applying correct transformation rules, a specification is iteratively transformed into an implementation description. The applicability of this approach is demonstrated by a sensoring interface for a PC bus.
Studies on proximate composition and antioxidant activity of some specialty rice cultivars of Odisha

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

People are now becoming more concerned about their health, that is why they are moving to diets that have health claims and beneficial nutrients. Therefore, the present study was conducted to shed light on a few specialty rice cultivars from Odisha. These traditionally cultivated cultivars were rich in nutritional and health-promoting components. The objective of the present investigation was to carry out the nutritional value and antioxidant activity of these specialty rice cultivars from Odisha. A total of ten specialty rice (eight were aromatic and two were pigmented) and one as a check variety were taken in the study. The results showed that the selected specialty rice cultivars (pigmented and scented) were found to be superior to check variety in different nutritional parameters in the grain such as carbohydrates (71.31- 84.33 g%), crude protein (6.66- 10.384 g%), crude fibre (0.19- 0.984 g%), crude fat (1.08- 2.35 g%), total phenolic content (0.27- 0.83 g GAE/100gm), total anthocyanin (0.31- 5.02 Cya-3-gluE mg/100g FW), and antioxidant activity (10.21- 55.32%). From the results, it could be concluded that the black rice cultivar appeared to be a promising cultivar with a superior nutritional composition and antioxidant activity and thus has importance in health and great market potentiality.
Enhanced Induction Heating and Self-Healing Properties of Steel Slag Powder Based Asphalt and Asphalt Mixture under Microwave Irradiation

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper aims to study the application feasibility of steel slag powder (SSP) in replacing limestone powder (LP) to enhance the heat release and self-healing properties of asphalt and an asphalt mixture. First, the microwave-heating characteristics of SSP and LP asphalt mortar were analyzed, and the differences in the microstructure and chemical composition between SSP and LP were compared. Secondly, through the DSR frequency sweep test, the optimal healing temperature of the two asphalt mortars was determined. Finally, asphalt mixtures with different SSP contents were prepared by replacing part of LP in the mixture in a gradation with SSP. Under microwave radiation, the temperature distribution of the mixture was explored, and the self-healing properties and factors affecting the healing were analyzed. Results demonstrated that there are metal oxides with high electromagnetic parameters such as Fe2O3 and CaO in SSP, therefore, asphalt and a mixture containing SSP were seen to have excellent microwave absorption capacity. The healing temperature of the two kinds of asphalt mortar was between ~50 °C and 60 °C. Under microwave radiation, the temperature of the asphalt mixture increased with the increase in SSP content, and the temperature difference decreased with the increase in SSP content. Asphalt mixtures with an LP content of 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, and 70% replaced by SSP increased the healing index by 8.7%, 17.3%, 22.1%, 26.9%, and 27.7% compared with conventional asphalt mixtures. Temperature is the most important factor affecting the healing behavior of the asphalt mixture. With the increase in the damage times of the asphalt mixture, the overall healing index of the asphalt mixture showed a downward trend. However, the healing index of an asphalt mixture containing SSP can still be maintained at more than 50% after repeated mechanical damage.
Evaluation of the Nanosphere Verigene BC-GN Assay for Direct Identification of Gram-Negative Bacilli and Antibiotic Resistance Markers from Positive Blood Cultures and Potential Impact for More-Rapid Antibiotic Interventions

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT The Verigene BC-GN assay correctly identified all 51 Gram-negative bacilli (GNB) from positive blood cultures and all 14 carbapenemase enzymes tested. The assay gave organism identification (ID) results an average of 24 h faster compared to conventional identifications. Medical management could have been modified for 31.8% of patients an average 33 h sooner. In conclusion, the BC-GN assay is a very accurate, rapid assay which would allow for more-immediate medical management decisions in patients with bacteremia from GNB.
Abstract TP335: Machine learning model for prediction of functional outcome in patients with recent small subcortical infarction.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: Approximately 10%-17% of patients with a recent small subcortical infarction (RSSI) experience an adverse functional prognosis at three months. Identifying risk factors for poor prognosis in these patients and developing a predictive model are of significant clinical relevance. Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study involving 630 patients with recent small subcortical infarction (RSSI). These patients were divided into training (70%) and internal validation (30%) cohorts. Additionally, for external validation, 103 patients from two other hospitals were included. To predict functional outcomes at three months, we employed eight different machine learning algorithms: Support Vector Machine, Decision Tree, Random Forest, Gradient Boosting, Extreme Gradient Boosting, Light Gradient Boosting Machine, Cat Boosting, and Logistic Regression. The interpretability of the best-performing model was enhanced with SHapley Additive exPlanations(SHAP). Results: Among the 630 patients included in the study, the average age of participants was 59.0 ±13.0 years and 65 (10.3%) exhibited poor functional outcomes at three months. The Cat Boosting model showed the highest performance among eight machine learning models. The final model could accurately predict outcome in both internal (AUC = 0.968) and external (AUC = 0.856) validations. SHAP analysis indicated that the initial NIHSS score was the most important variable. The web application is available at https://yrssiml.streamlit. app. Conclusions: Our research developed a predictive model using the Cat Boosting algorithm to forecast poor functional outcomes at three months in patients with RSSI. This model enables clinicians to identify patients at high risk and implement targeted interventions more effectively.
[The functional links in the neuroendocrine interrelationship in juvenile uterine hemorrhages].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A simultaneous and combined study of function of the neuroendocrine regulation of menstrual function in patients with juvenile uterine bleeding (JUB) (by the excretion of LH, noradrenalin, dopa and dopamine with urine and by the blood levels of TSH, T3, T4, ACTH and cortisol and by functional diagnostic tests) has shown that JUB is characterized by dysfunction of all important factors in this complex neuro-regulatory chain, resulting in disorder of hormonal homeostasis and pathological changes in the actuating organs. These changes are particularly marked and profound in JUB developing against a background of irregular menstrual function.
Hohokam Ritual and Economic Transformation: Ceramic Evidence from the Phoenix Basin, Arizona

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The Hohokam regional system in southern and central Arizona was marked by a dense network of ballcourts during the eleventh century. The ritual ballgames provided venues for social and economic interaction that probably included the barter and exchange of thousands of clay containers each year. Previous ceramic evidence has shown that pottery production was highly concentrated with far-flung distribution, although by the twelfth century the ballcourt network had collapsed. New data from Las Colinas, a ballcourt village situated near the lower Salt River, demonstrate that the organization of pottery manufacture and distribution radically changed in the lower Salt River valley just at the time the Las Colinas ballcourt was abandoned, implying that the ritual ballgames had been a central component of the Hohokam regional economy.
The Impact of Covid-19 Pandemic on the Organisational Profitability of the Banking Sector in the Kingdom of Bahrain

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This study aimed to determine the impact of the Coronavirus on the profitability of banks in the Kingdom of Bahrain - a case study on the NationalBank of Bahrain, Bank of Bahrain and Kuwait, and the Ahli United Bank, and an attempt to come up with recommendations. The study will beadministered by collecting data from the annual reports of the banks, as the population and sample of the study consist of NBB, BBK, and AUB Banks.The study lies in knowing the effects of Corona on the profitability of NBB, BBK and AUB banks in Bahrain by comparing previous annual reportsand analyzing the profitability ratio of banks before the Corona period and during the Corona period. The result of study shows that the Corona virusnegatively affects the profitability of banks in the Kingdom of Bahrain. The study notices through the results the extent of the impact of the Coronavirus on the profitability of banks through the sudden closure, and thus we see the extent of the banks' failure to achieve profitability through the markeddecrease in the rate of returns. Hence, the study recommends that in order for banks to increase their profitability, they must increase the effectivenessof the required reserve as a tool to control bank risks, and work on controls and determinants such as capital adequacy, legal liquidity ratio and the ratioof loans to deposits, which are much more effective than reserve requirements in maintaining the safety of the sector and its durability and its ability toabsorb shocks.
Optimization of a GF‑AAS method for lead testing in blood and urine: A useful tool in acute abdominal pain management in emergency

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Suspicion of lead poisoning is confirmed by its concentration in blood and protoporphyrin red blood cells. At low concentrations, lead influences the synthesis of the heme in the sense of lowering it. Acute and chronic lead intoxication is extremely polymorphic in regards to its clinical manifestations, with digestive, hematological, cardiovascular, renal hepatic and neurological features. The aim of the study was to evaluate the presence of lead in human whole blood and urine harvested before and during chelation treatment in the case of lead poisoning. An atomic absorption spectroscopic method for the analysis of lead was developed using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometer (GF-AAS), Varian Spectra AA-880 with a hollow cathode lead lamp and a deuterium lamp for background correction, coupled to a GTA-100 atomizer and a programmable sample dispenser. Standard calibration solutions were used for the range 10-100 µg/l. The linearity range was 10.0 to 100.0 µg/l with the correlation coefficient of 0.999. We established that the method can be applied for the determination of lead in whole blood and urine, and the results obtained are useful for monitoring chelation therapy in cases of acute lead poisoning, a neglected cause of abdominal colic pain in an emergency situation.
Scrutinizing “Cogito Sum”; A Way to the Basics of Being’s Question by Martin Heidegger

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

What do we mean when we talk about cogito sum? What do these words refer to in their use? How did they appear for the first time? How have they progressed and at the same time the progress of which concepts they are? This paper aims to research cogito sum’s form and concept. Therefore, it asks about the formal and conceptual structure of cogito sum in order to move towards the questionable aspect of the cogito sum question, ie “Being”. Hence this paper is a step towards providing the possibility of dialogue with this philosophical concept, that is, the possibility of answering it on the way of necessity aspect of philosophical questioning. The aim is to find a set of contributions to this philosophical concept, through the texts that significate the questioning aspect of Cogito sum. Based on tradition, the subject is gathered by Martin Heidegger. Thus, it makes this step possible with respect to a part of Heidegger's encounter with this question.