jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Virologic suppression in patients with a documented M184V/I mutation based on the number of active agents in the antiretroviral regimen

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives: The optimal antiretroviral therapy for patients with the M184V/I mutation is not known. The primary objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of various antiretroviral therapies in patients with HIV and the M184V/I mutation based on the number of active antiretroviral agents. Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted of 100 treatment-experienced patients harboring the M184V/I mutation seen at an urban HIV clinic. Efficacy was classified as percentage of patients with viral suppression defined as HIV RNA viral load <200 copies/mL at last measurement on current antiretroviral therapy, stratified by the number of active antiretroviral agents. Results: The primary outcome of viral suppression occurred in 70.6% (12/17) of patients on <2 active agents, 77.2% (44/57) on 2–2.5 active agents, and 69.2% (18/26) on 3 active agents. No significant difference was found between viral suppression and patients on <2 and 2–2.5 antiretroviral agents (odds ratio = 0.71, 95% confidence interval = (0.21, 2.39), p = 0.8) or between patients on 3 and 2–2.5 active agents (odds ratio = 0.66, 95% confidence interval = (0.23, 1.88), p = 0.7). The most commonly prescribed regimen consisted of a boosted protease inhibitor with an integrase strand transfer inhibitor and two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, one of which being lamivudine or emtricitabine. Conclusion: Similar rates of viral suppression were observed in patients regardless of the number of active antiretroviral agents prescribed. Regimens containing less than 3 active agents may maintain virologic suppression in patients with the M184V/I mutation. Further studies are needed to determine optimal antiretroviral therapy for patients with the M184V/I mutation.
Nexus of Social Media Engagement, Relationship Quality, and Brand Performance in Higher Education Marketing: A Comprehensive Analysis

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This study explores the impact of social media engagement on relationship quality and brand performance within the context of higher education marketing. Based on data collected from 280 respondents across three districts in Rajasthan, the findings reveal that social media engagement significantly enhances relationship quality, which in turn positively influences brand performance. The study highlights that educational institutions can leverage social media platforms to foster deeper connections with students, alumni, and prospective students, thereby improving brand perceptions and increasing student retention. By adopting an interactive and engaging approach to social media, universities can build lasting relationships with stakeholders, creating a strong competitive advantage in the dynamic higher education landscape. The research provides valuable insights for institutions aiming to enhance their marketing strategies and strengthen their brand through digital engagement.
In-situ fabrication of highly-fluorescent nanohybrids based on Carbon Nanotubes and Gold Nanoparticles

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Highly-fluorescent, water-soluble and ambient-stable nanohybrids based on multi-walled carbon nanotubes and gold nanoparticles (Au@MWNTs) with high-density and well-distributed Au nanoparticles were obtained assisted by organic optoelectronic active molecules as an interlinker and stabilizer via a facile in-situ fabrication method in aqueous solution, and were confirmed by TEM, SEM, EDX, UV-Vis measurements. The Au nanoparticle diameters of the hybrids can be controlled and decreased to a limited small range with high stability via this in-situ fabrication approach. The optical properties of the hybrids were studied, and it was found that the hybrid exhibited strong visible luminescence under the UV lamp irradiation, which might extend its potential application on light emitting sources, biological labeling etc.
Role of private institutions in the globalization of medical education

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

In the past century, the world has witnessed the greatest increase in its population in history due to combined effects of scientific advances in medical care, greater longevity, global progress in, and other factors including a global Green Revolution and the associated benefits to agricultural productivity and a globalized food supply. The number of provider health care professionals, including physicians, nurses, and other practitioners, however, has consistently failed to keep pace with the expanding global population during this period, and has placed a strain on medical resources in the USA and many other Nations. To address the need for expansion in medical education, the further development of venues in private medical education is inevitable. Historically, much of the financial burden for professional medical education has been tied to heavily strained public sector financial support, which has limited the ability of public sector Institutions to expand in concert with the population demographics, and which sector has trailed the population trends for several decades. To this end, privately funded educational Institutions now share an increasingly greater role in development of innovative solutions to increasing the numbers of healthcare professionals worldwide, and thus ameliorating the existing progressive strain on the resources of traditional academic institutions. Institutional support.
Problems with crystals

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTProblems with crystalsJohn Webb and Bryan Anderson Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1978, 55, 10, 644Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1978Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 October 1978Published inissue 1 October 1978https://doi.org/10.1021/ed055p644RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views137Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (766 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
A case of acute necrotizing esophagitis with diabetic ketoacidosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A 40s-year-old man was admitted to our hospital owing to severe general fatigue with blood pressure lowering. He was diagnosed with diabetic ketoacidosis as the laboratory examinations revealed hyperglycemia and metabolic acidosis. An esophago-gastro-duodenoscopy (EGD) was performed on the third day of the illness due to suspected upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Since the EGD showed circumferential blackening and white moss-like adhesions in the lower esophageal mucosa, he was diagnosed with acute necrotizing esophagitis. He was kept fasting, and was administered proton pump inhibitors and high-calorie infusions. The clinical course was good; he resumed eating on day 20 and was discharged on day 37.
3D-QSAR, molecular docking, ADMET, simulation dynamic, and retrosynthesis studies on new styrylquinolines derivatives against breast cancer

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Breast cancer is the most common illness among women, accounting for 25% of all diagnoses, as stated by the American Cancer Society. Current research focuses on 43 compounds of styrylquinoline derivatives as potential inhibitors of tubulin to design a new drug that could potentially be effective against breast cancer cells in humans. The target compounds were subjected to a three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship/comparative molecular similarity indices analysis (CoMSIA) approach, where CoMSIA models were used; the best results obtained are ( Q 2 = 0.84, R 2 = 0.97, r ext 2 {r}_{\text{ext}}^{2} = 0.91), H-bond acceptor field was discovered to be important for increasing inhibitory activity by examining the contour maps (54%), and it plays a key role in the prediction of anticancer activity. Based on the contour maps of the CoMSIA models, we obtained information that allows us to propose four new molecules with higher cancer inhibitory than the 43 compounds found in the literature. The molecular docking was applied to determine the likely types of binding between the tubulin protein (PDB ID: 4O2B) and the proposed compounds, and the results show that M1 has a higher total score of 6.53 and two interactions with important conventional hydrogen bond type, followed by compound M2 with a total score of 5.74. Furthermore, the designed molecules showed better pharmacokinetic properties based on absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity properties. Molecular dynamics simulations at 100 ns were conducted to confirm the binding stability of the selected ligands (M1 and M2) with tubulin protein. The simulation parameters used in the current study are root mean square deviation, root mean square fluctuation, H-bond, Rg, solvent accessible surface area, and binding energy. As a result, the designed compounds (ligands M1 and M2) have shown noteworthy potential as a drug candidate for experimental in vivo and in vitro testing due to their potential inhibition of breast cancer. Finally, the study of retrosynthesis in this work facilitates the synthesis of drug candidates.
Chagas disease and globalization of the Amazon

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The increasing number of autochthonous cases of Chagas disease in the Amazon since the 1970s has led to fear that the disease may become a new public health problem in the region. This transformation in the disease's epidemiological pattern in the Amazon can be explained by environmental and social changes in the last 30 years. The current article draws on the sociological theory of perverse effects to explain these changes as the unwanted result of the shift from the "inward" development model prevailing until the 1970s to the "outward" model that we know as globalization, oriented by industrial forces and international trade. The current article highlights the implementation of five new patterns in agriculture, cattle-raising, mining, lumbering, and urban occupation that have generated changes in the environment and the traditional indigenous habitat and have led to migratory flows, deforestation, sedentary living, the presence of domestic animals, and changes in the habitat that facilitate colonization of human dwellings by vectors and the domestic and work-related transmission of the disease. The expansion of Chagas disease is thus a perverse effect of the globalization process in the Amazon.
Oxidant/antioxidant Parameters and their Relationship with Chemotherapy in Hodgkin's Lymphoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This study investigated changing levels of serum oxidant/antioxidant with chemotherapy and their relation to treatment in 34 Hodgkin's lymphoma patients. The patient population consisted of 19 males and 15 females. Mean age was 30.41 ± 12.08 years. All patients received the adriamycin, bleomycin, vincristine and dexamethasone (ABVD) treatment protocol. Blood samples were taken before treatment, and on days 1 and 7 during treatment for measurement of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO) and enzyme activities. After ABVD treatment, mean free radical levels were increased and antioxidant levels were significantly decreased in the serum. ABVD treatment results in an increase of free radical levels and a decrease of antioxidant levels in the serum of patients with Hodgkin's lymphoma.
n5-STZ Diabetic Model Develops Alterations in Sciatic Nerve and Dorsal Root Ganglia Neurons of Wistar Rats

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

One experimental model of diabetes mellitus (DM) similar to type II DM, called n5-STZ, is obtained by a single injection (via i.p.) of streptozotocin (STZ) in the 5th day of life of newborn rats. The present investigation aimed to characterize alterations in excitability of rat peripheral neurons in n5-STZ model. n5-STZ DM was induced, and electrophysiological evaluation was done at 12th week of rat life. Rats developed glucose intolerance, sensory alteration, and hyperglycemia or near-normoglycemia (21.2±1.6 and 7.4±0.4 mmol/L). In near-normoglycemia group the significant electrophysiological alteration observed was decreased in amplitude of 2nd wave (2nd component, conduction velocity: 48.8 m/s) of compound action potential (CAP) of sciatic nerve. For hyperglycemic rats, decreased excitability, amplitude, and conduction velocity of 2nd CAP component of sciatic nerve were found; a depolarization of resting potential (4-5 mV) and reduction in maximum ascendant and descendant inclinations of action potential were found in DRG neurons but no alteration on Na + current (INa+). Thus, n5-STZ rats develop alterations in excitability which were related to glycemic levels but were not likely attributable to changes on INa+. Our data confirm that n5-STZ model is a useful model to study type II DM.
Whither the MBA? Or the Withering of MBAs?

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This article employs a critical realist perspective to contextualize management education, including the MBA, and facilitate debate on the prospects for its reinvention. Two decades of substantive management education critique has not resulted in any fundamental change in models of content and process used to educate managers. We argue this is a matter of ontology and discuss the advantages of critical realist ontology for addressing this issue. A critical realist analysis identifies the generative mechanisms at work that both necessitate and constrain reinvention. We argue that one generative mechanism in particular, a legitimation crisis, could ultimately lead to the transformation of management education. This is explored systemically at the institutional, programmatic and pedagogical levels.
Effect of the pressure ramp on the breathing pattern and respiratory drive in pressure support ventilation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Assisted ventilation with pressure support (PS) is one of the most commonly used ventilation modes; however, there is no agreement about the most adequate method to set an optimal level of PS. The aim of our study is to analyze the effect of different pressurization ramps on the work of breathing. This was estimated by the airway occlusion pressure in the first 100 ms of inspiration (P0.1) and by the breathing pattern: the respiratory rate (RR) and tidal volume (TV).
The Influence of Climate Change on the Distribution of Hibiscus mutabilis in China: MaxEnt Model-Based Prediction

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Our study utilized 374 geographical distribution records of H. mutabilis and 19 bioclimatic factors, employing the MaxEnt model and the Geographic Information System (ArcGIS). The key environmental variables influencing the suitable distribution areas of H. mutabilis were analyzed through the comprehensive contribution rate, permutation importance, and Pearson correlation coefficient. Based on this analysis, the contemporary and future suitable distribution areas and their extents were predicted. The results indicate that the key limiting factor affecting the suitable distribution areas of H. mutabilis is the precipitation of the driest month (bio14), with secondary factors being annual precipitation (bio12), annual mean temperature (bio1), and annual temperature range (bio7). Under contemporary climate conditions, the total suitable area for H. mutabilis is approximately 2,076,600 km2, primarily concentrated in the tropical and subtropical regions of southeastern China. Under low-to-medium-emission scenarios (SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5), the total suitable area of H. mutabilis shows a trend of first decreasing and then increasing compared to the current scenario. In contrast, under high-emission scenarios (SSP5-8.5), it exhibits a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. The spatial pattern changes indicate that the retention rate of suitable areas for H. mutabilis ranges from 95.28% to 99.28%, with the distribution centers primarily located in Hunan and Guizhou provinces, showing an overall migration trend towards the west and north. These findings suggest that H. mutabilis possesses a certain level of adaptability to climate change. However, it is crucial to consider regional drought and sudden drought events in practical cultivation and introduction processes. The results of our study provide a scientific basis for the rational cultivation management, conservation, and utilization of germplasm resources of H. mutabilis.
Review of guidance for the selection of regenerative endodontics, apexogenesis, apexification, pulpotomy, and other endodontic treatments for immature permanent teeth

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Abstract This review guidance is a work in progress because the limitations of regenerative endodontics are still being discovered. The endodontic treatments for immature permanent teeth with a necrotic pulp can vary considerably among endodontic practitioners. Whereas, regenerative endodontic treatments are growing in popularity and are creating ever more complex treatment protocols, involving revascularization and/or autologous platelet‐rich plasma and scaffolds to elicit host stem cell de novo tissue formation to reestablish the vitality of immature teeth for the purpose of continuing root maturation. Despite much evolving controversy about their potential benefits, risks, prognosis, and contraindications, this review is aimed to discuss how to ensure that regenerative endodontic treatments are successful, by strictly adhering to case selection criteria, and following precise steps to accomplish and monitor the success of the treatment. A review of the endodontic literature was performed, together with practical observations of the problems and outcomes of performing regenerative endodontic treatments. Traditionally, apexification has long been the treatment of choice provided to immature teeth with a necrotic pulp. Regenerative endodontics may be provided as an alternative to apexification, if the tooth and patient meet all the case selection criteria, and if there are no contraindications. Regenerative endodontics has the unique potential advantage of being able to continue the root development in immature permanent teeth, thereby potentially saving the teeth for the lifetime of the patient. Whereas, conventional endodontic root canal treatment, Cvek partial pulpotomy, apexogenesis, and apexification, should always be provided when these treatments are more likely to benefit the patient because they can be more successful than regenerative endodontics.
Selective Recovery Process of Lithium from Seawater Using Integrated Ion Exchange Methods

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Selective recovery of lithium from seawater was conducted by using two successive processes of ion exchange methods. The preliminary concentration process of lithium from seawater, using the benchmark-scale chromatographic operation with a granulated λ-MnO2 adsorbent, showed the recovery efficiency of lithium at ca. 33%. The purification of lithium from concentrated liquor from the benchmark plant was then conducted with a novel separation process which was developed by a combination of ion exchange methods using cation exchange resin and solvent impregnated resin. The purification process of lithium consists of the removal of divalent metal ions in the liquor with strongly acidic cation exchange resin; the removal of Na+ and K+ with the β-diketone/TOPO impregnated resin; and lastly the recovery of Li+ as precipitates of Li2CO3 using (NH4)2CO3 saturated solution. The yield of recovered Li2CO3 with the present recovery process was 56% with more than 99.9% purity.
Lewis base phase transfer catalyst promoted solvent‐free nucleophilic reactions in ionic liquids: Quantum chemical analysis for cooperative enhancement in SN2 reaction rates

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract We present quantum chemical analysis of Lewis base phase transfer catalyst (PTC) facilitated solvent‐free nucleophilic reactions in green solvent/catalyst ionic liquids (ILs). We adopt two nucleophilic processes: First, we examine whether and how the reaction rate of 18‐crown‐6‐promoted S N 2 reaction is further enhanced by the IL [Bmim]OMs. Second, we examine the promotion of S N 2 cynation by the IL‐integrated aza‐crown ether, and third, the S N 2 fluorination facilitated by [2.2.2]‐cryptand in the IL. Interactions between the IL, PTC and the substrates are shown to give rise to lower Gibbs free energies of activation, with the IL anion (OMs − ) acting as an additional Lewis base promoter on the counter‐cation M + , (M = K, Cs), thereby further mitigating the latter's disadvantageous influence on the nucleophile. We thus propose that the ILs may be used to facilitate the nucleophilic processes as solvent/ organocatalysts instead of environmentally malicious organometallic compounds.
Multistate spectral-tunable manipulation of mid-infrared emissivity using Sb2S3/GST/VO2

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Conventional thermal emission that exhibits spectral selectivity relies on micro/nanostructures, such as gratings, photonic crystals, photonic cavities, nanoantennas, and metamaterials. By utilizing advanced micro/nanofabrication techniques to modify the structural parameters of the micro/nanostructures, it is possible to create wavelength-selective thermal emitters that span from THz to the visible range. Nonetheless, static micro/nanostructures do not offer flexible tunability in terms of thermal emissivity. In this Letter, we report a conceptual design of a multistate multilayered structure using a combination of three phase change materials: VO2, Ge2Sb2Te5, and Sb2S3. By controlling the temperature, the phase change materials will be in different phase states, rendering the multilayered structure six feasible thermal states with tunable spectra in the mid-infrared range. The impact of layer thickness is investigated. Polarization independence and angle insensitivity are exhibited until a large incident angle. This multilayered thermal structure is lithography-free and industrially scalable, showing great potential for programmable photonics and thermal sensors.