jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Influence Of Governance And Company Size On Company Value With The Disclosure Of Social Responsibility As A Mediation Variable In Food And Beverages Companies For The 2019-2021

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This research aims to determine the influence of governance and company size on company value with disclosure of corporate social responsibility as a mediating variable. This research uses an associative research method with a quantitative approach, which is measured using a multiple linear regression method using the Statistical Program for Social Science (SPSS) version 25. The population in this research is food and beverages companies registered on the BEI for the 2019-2021 period. The data collection technique used purposive sampling which obtained 19 research samples with an observation period of 3 years for a total of 57 samples. The results of this research show that Independent Board of Commisioners influence company value. Audit Committee has an effect on company value. Company size influences company value. Independent Board of Commisioners have no effect on company value through Corporate Social Responsibility disclosure. Audit Committee has no effect on company value through Corporate Social Responsibility disclosure. Company size influences company value through Corporate Social Responsibility disclosure.
Production of Itaconic Acid from Cellulose Pulp: Feedstock Feasibility and Process Strategies for an Efficient Microbial Performance

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This study assessed the feasibility of using bleached cellulose pulp from Eucalyptus wood as a feedstock for the production of itaconic acid by fermentation. Additionally, different process strategies were tested with the aim of selecting suitable conditions for an efficient production of itaconic acid by the fungus Aspergillus terreus. The feasibility of using cellulose pulp was demonstrated through assays that revealed the preference of the strain in using glucose as carbon source instead of xylose, mannose, sucrose or glycerol. Additionally, the cellulose pulp was easily digested by enzymes without requiring a previous step of pretreatment, producing a glucose-rich hydrolysate with a very low level of inhibitor compounds, suitable for use as a fermentation medium. Fermentation assays revealed that the technique used for sterilization of the hydrolysate (membrane filtration or autoclaving) had an important effect in its composition, especially on the nitrogen content, consequently affecting the fermentation performance. The carbon-to-nitrogen ratio (C:N ratio), initial glucose concentration and oxygen availability, were also important variables affecting the performance of the strain to produce itaconic acid from cellulose pulp hydrolysate. By selecting appropriate process conditions (sterilization by membrane filtration, medium supplementation with 3 g/L (NH4)2SO4, 60 g/L of initial glucose concentration, and oxygen availability of 7.33 (volume of air/volume of medium)), the production of itaconic acid was maximized resulting in a yield of 0.62 g/g glucose consumed, and productivity of 0.52 g/L·h.
Supplementary Material for: Noninvasive Home Mechanical Ventilation in Adult Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1: A Systematic Review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Chronic hypercapnic respiratory failure induces considerable morbidity and mortality in patients with myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1). This study systematically reviews the effects of noninvasive home mechanical ventilation (HMV) on gas exchange, quality of life, survival, and compliance in DM1 patients. Methods: A systematic Medline and Embase search was performed (January 1995 to January 2020). Records were screened for eligibility criteria, data were extracted from included studies, and risk of bias was assessed. We present findings mainly using a narrative synthesis. Results: Twenty-eight relevant full-text articles were screened for eligibility criteria. Nine studies were included. Randomized controlled trials were not found. Studies had either an observational (n = 8) or interventional (n = 1) design. In the pooled data analysis, HMV showed to improve mean oxygen saturation with 4.8% and decreased mean carbon dioxide values with 3 mm Hg. Compliance varied widely between studies, from no use to more than 12 h per day. Quality of life was not studied extensively, but some studies reported positive effects of HMV on symptoms of chronic respiratory failure. HMV may improve survival in DM1 patients with chronic hypercapnic respiratory failure. Conclusion: This review shows that HMV can improve gas exchange and relieve symptoms with a possible survival benefit in DM1 patients with chronic hypercapnic respiratory failure. Future studies should focus on developing strategies to optimize the timing of HMV initiation and to promote compliance.
Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy: Descriptive Review of the Technology and Current Application in Chronic Wounds

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Summary: Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) serves as “primary” or “adjunctive” therapy in a wide range of pathologies. It is considered the mainstay of management for potentially life-threatening conditions such as carbon monoxide poisoning, decompression illness, and gas embolisms. Moreover, HBOT has been utilized for decades as an adjunctive therapy in a variety of medical disciplines, including chronic wounds, which affect approximately 6.5 million Americans annually. In general, chronic wounds are characterized by hypoxia, impaired angiogenesis, and prolonged inflammation, all of which may theoretically be ameliorated by HBOT. Nonetheless, the cellular, biochemical, and physiological mechanisms by which HBOT achieves beneficial results in chronic wounds are not fully understood, and there remains significant skepticism regarding its efficacy. This review article provides a comprehensive overview of HBOT, and discusses its history, mechanisms of action, and its implications in management of chronic wounds. In particular, we discuss the current evidence regarding the use of HBOT in diabetic foot ulcers, while digging deeply into the roots of controversy surrounding its efficacy. We discuss how the paucity of high-quality research is a tremendous challenge, and offer future direction to address existing obstacles.
Dynamic Roles in Gene Activation, Development, and Tumorigenesis

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The high mobility group I, Y, and I-C proteins are low-molecularweight, nonhistone chromosomal proteins that play a general role modulating gene expression during development and the immune response. Consistent with their role in early development, all three proteins are expressed at high levels during embryogenesis, and their expression is markedly diminished in differentiated cells. Exceptions to the general repression of these genes in adult tissues involve (1) A burst of synthesis of the HMG I protein during the immune response (during lymphocyte activation and preceding cytokine/adhesion molecule gene expression), (2) A constitutive expression of the HMG I and Y proteins in photoreceptor cells, and (3) Derepression of HMG I, Y, and often I-C expression in neoplastic cells. Work from several laboratories has now uncovered how these proteins participate in gene activation: (1) By altering the chromatin structure around an inducible gene—and thus influencing accessibility of the locus to regulatory proteins—(2) By facilitating the loading of transcription factors onto the promoters, and (3) By bridging adjacent transcription factors on a promoter via protein/protein interactions. Despite the similar structures and biochemical properties of the three proteins, the work has also provided clues to a division of labor between these proteins. HMG I and Y have demonstrable roles in enhanceosome formation, whereas HMG I-C has a specific role in adipogenesis. C-terminal truncations of HMG I-C and wild-type HMG Y appear to function in a manner analogous to oncogenes, as assessed by cellular transforation assays and transgenic mice. Future work should clearly define the similarities and differences in the biological roles of the three proteins, and should evolve to include attempts at pharmaceutical intervention in disease, based upon structural information concerning HMG I interactions with DNA and with regulatory proteins.
MRI Clustering Reveals Three ALS Subtypes With Unique Neurodegeneration Patterns

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Objective The purpose of this study was to identify subtypes of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) by comparing patterns of neurodegeneration using brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and explore their phenotypes. Methods We performed T1‐weighted and diffusion tensor imaging in 488 clinically well‐characterized patients with ALS and 338 control subjects. Measurements of whole‐brain cortical thickness and white matter connectome fractional anisotropy were adjusted for disease‐unrelated variation. A probabilistic network‐based clustering algorithm was used to divide patients into subgroups of similar neurodegeneration patterns. Clinical characteristics and cognitive profiles were assessed for each subgroup. In total, 512 follow‐up scans were used to validate clustering results longitudinally. Results The clustering algorithm divided patients with ALS into 3 subgroups of 187, 163, and 138 patients. All subgroups displayed involvement of the precentral gyrus and are characterized, respectively, by (1) pure motor involvement (pure motor cluster [PM]), (2) orbitofrontal and temporal involvement (frontotemporal cluster [FT]), and (3) involvement of the posterior cingulate cortex, parietal white matter, temporal operculum, and cerebellum (cingulate‐parietal–temporal cluster [CPT]). These subgroups had significantly distinct clinical profiles regarding male‐to‐female ratio, age at symptom onset, and frequency of bulbar symptom onset. FT and CPT revealed higher rates of cognitive impairment on the Edinburgh cognitive and behavioral ALS screen (ECAS). Longitudinally, clustering remained stable: at 90.4% of their follow‐up visits, patients clustered in the same subgroup as their baseline visit. Interpretation ALS can manifest itself in 3 main patterns of cerebral neurodegeneration, each associated with distinct clinical characteristics and cognitive profiles. Besides the pure motor and frontotemporal dementia (FTD)‐like variants of ALS, a new neuroimaging phenotype has emerged, characterized by posterior cingulate, parietal, temporal, and cerebellar involvement. ANN NEUROL 2022;92:1030–1045
Human parasitic meningitis caused by Angiostrongylus cantonensis infection in Taiwan.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The major cause of eosinophilic meningitis in Taiwan is Angiostrongylus cantonensis. Humans are infected by ingesting terrestrial and freshwater snails and slugs. In 1998 and 1999, two outbreaks of eosinophilic meningitis caused by A. cantonensis infection were reported among 17 adult male immigrant Thai laborers who had eaten raw golden apple snails (Pomacea canaliculata). Another outbreak associated with consuming a health drink consisting of raw vegetable juice was reported in 2001. These adult cases differed from reports in the 1970s and 1980s, in which most of the cases were in children. With improvements in public health and education of foreign laborers, there have since been only sporadic cases in Taiwan. Review of clinical research indicates inconsistent association of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) results with clinical features of eosinophilic meningitis. MRI features were nonspecific but there was an association between the presence of high brain MRI signal intensities and severity of peripheral and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) eosinophilia. Inflammatory markers have been identified in the CSF of patients with eosinophilic meningitis caused by A. cantonensis infection, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), and the matrix metalloproteinase system may be associated with blood-brain barrier disruption. Eosinophilic meningitis caused by A. cantonensis infection is not a reportable disease in Taiwan. It is important that a public advisory and education program be developed to reduce future accidental infection.
MODIFIED MONTE CARLO SIMULATION FOR PROBABILISTIC SCHEDULING

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract This paper presents the Simplified Monte Carlo Simulation (SMCS) method. The SMCS method can be used to perform risk analysis of construction networks, and produce results as accurate as Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) while requiring less computing time. Thirty-one construction networks were used to compare the SMCS results with MCS results. Two cases are presented in this paper. SMCS performs the same type of replications as MCS but in a smaller network, reducing computing time from fifteen to seventy percent when compared with MCS. Moreover, SMCS can be used to identify activities that are more likely to cause delay of the project, as well as activities that are not likely to have impact in the duration of the project.
Deriving homogeneous subsets from gene sets by exploiting the Gene Ontology

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The Gene Ontology consists of three directed acyclic graphs (DAGS) representing bio-
logical aspects. The DAGS of the Gene Ontology contain biological knowledge within a controlled
vocabulary of Gene Ontology terms. Based on functionality, genes are annotated to specific Gene
Ontology terms implying a semantic relationship. We propose an information-retrievel derived dis-
similarity between genes by using their annotations and investigate four gene sets with causal asso-
ciations using our proposed methodology showing homogenous and semantically related subset of
genes contrary to comparable works. In addition, most related works typically analyse gene expres-
sions to find gene subsets.
Amino Acid Racemization and the Effects of Microbial Diagenesis

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Proteins extracted from both bones and teeth found in archaeological contexts are used for radiocarbon dating, amino acid racemization age at death determinations and genetic and dietary studies. This archaeometric information is only reliable when it is certain that the diagenetic changes inherent in the extracted proteins are minimal, or at least, defined. The changes induced in these proteins as a result of decomposition by known microorganisms have been little studied, however, and definitions of the limits of possible diagenetic changes cannot therefore be certain. This paper attempts to address the possibility that amino acid residues in bone collagen are susceptible to an increased rate of aspartic acid racemization due to microbial degradation. Using microorganisms previously isolated from bones and teeth taken from archaeological sources, decomposition studies were done and the results are outlined below.
PREDICTION OF INSOLVENCY IN NON-LIFE INSURANCE COMPANIES USING SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINES, GENETIC ALGORITHMS AND SIMULATED ANNEALING

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper we propose an approach to predict insolvency of non-life insurance companies based on the applications of Support Vector Machines (SVMs), hybridized with two global search heuristics: a Genetic Algorithm (GA) and a Simulated Annealing (SA).A SVM is used to classify firms as failed or non-failed, whereas a GA and a SA are used to perform on-line feature selection in the ratios space of the SVM, in order to improve its performance.We use general financial ratios and also other specific ratios which have been proposed for evaluating insolvency of insurance sector.In the simulations section, we compare the performance of the GA and SA as part of the proposed algorithm.The results obtained with both techniques show that the proposed algorithm can be a useful tool for parties interested in evaluating insolvency of non-life insurance firms.
A new solid state extractor pulser for the FNAL magnetron ion source

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A new solid state extractor pulser has been installed on the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL) magnetron ion source, replacing a vacuum tube style pulser that was used for over 40 years. The required ion source extraction voltage is 35 kV for injection into the radio frequency quadrupole. At this voltage, the old pulser had a rise time of over 150 μs due to the current limit of the vacuum tube. The new solid state pulsers are capable of 50 kV, 100 A peak current pulses and have a rise time of 9 μs when installed in the operational system. This paper will discuss the pulser design and operational experience to date.
Compact Printed Dual Ellipses Monopole Antenna for UWB System

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A novel printed monopole antenna with two ellipses is proposed to operate from 3 to 11.5 GHz, which is fed by a microstrip line. The antenna is very small in size with dimension of 20 by 24 mm and has an approximate omnidirectional pattern across the major bandwidth. This antenna can be especially applied as the element of ultrawide-band(UWB) antenna arrays for UWB application.
Comparative studies on susceptibility of the mouse (Mus musculus) and the vole (Microtus arvalis) to Listeria monocytogenes and Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae.

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

The susceptibility of mice and voles to intraperitoneal and subcutan injection of virulent strains has been tested comparatively on 261 mice and 120 voles. Using various germ-doses, 50 per cent lethality has been established. Listeria monocytogenes serovar 1/2a killed mice in doses of 120,000 and 1.5 X 10(6) germs when injected intraperitoneally and subcutaneously and voles in doses of 1800 and 12,000 germs, respectively. Thus voles proved 100 to 120 times more susceptible than mice. Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae killed mice injected both intraperitoneally or subcutaneously in minimal doses, such as 25 germs, but voles survived the infection with 1 to 5 million germs. This indicates that voles are resistant to E. rhusiopathiae, but more susceptible to L. monocytogenes than mice. In contrast, both these rodent species proved susceptible to the obligate pathogenic Francisella tularensis and invariably succumbed to septicaemia when injected with a few of these bacteria.
Electron capture by D X centers in AlGaAs and related compounds

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

n-type dopants in Alx Ga1−x As, GaAs1−x Px, and related compounds create deep donors that control the free-electron concentration for x&gt;0.2. The electron capture by the deep donors shows a very nonexponential dependence with filling time. In this letter the electron capture kinetics is modeled, and the influence of the donor ionization factor, sample degeneracy, and size effects, are introduced. Capture barrier energy determination is discussed, and a comparison with experimental capture data is made.
Cell-based cartilaginous graft as active PGRN delivery system.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Arthritis is a group of chronic diseases distinguished by the inflammation of joints, due to the proteolytic degradation of extracellular matrix components, which leads to the gradual loss of articular cartilage and bone. The most frequently-occurring arthritis is osteoarthritis (OA), where injury or trauma results in the degeneration of the joint. Another form, the rheumatoid arthritis (RA), happens when the immune cells within the body wrongly attack healthy tissue, damaging the joint and resulting in a systemic autoimmune disorder. With native articular hyaline cartilage being avascular and aneural, most patients do not notice initial damage to the cartilage. The injuries then progress to become more generic, but cartilage loss extending to the subchondral bone is permanent. The problems arising from arthritic conditions are expected to grow as longevity of the general world’s population increases. Progranulin (PGRN), an effective TNFα antagonist, has been established to exert anti-inflammatory effects and protect cartilage from macrophages secreting TNFα. Unlike current therapies approved for RA treatment that mainly target cytokines such as TNFα, PGRN binds to TNF receptors (TNFR), inhibiting TNFα-TNFR interactions and the following cascade of inflammatory reactions. Despite the success of current RA treatment in improving the quality of life in some patients, these therapies with TNFα inhibitors remain ineffective for up to 50% of them; suggesting that PGRN, with its different mechanism adopted, may work. In this study, we established a recombinant pAdeno-X DNA plasmid containing the PGRN gene of interest. These adenoviral vectors were then expanded in HEK 293 cells, before purification of the virus to transfect chondrocytes in both 2D and 3D constructs. Analysis showed good cell viability following transfection, as well as a positive PGRN secretion profile, suggesting its potential as future therapeutic treatment for arthritic conditions.
Secondary Educators’ Knowledge and Perceptions of Their Own Self-Efficacy as It Relates to 504 Plan Accommodations for Students Diagnosed With ADHD

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study investigated the role of Section 504 accommodations in meeting the needs of secondary students with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in the United States. While legislation requires equitable education for students with disabilities, gaps remain in understanding how educators perceive their own abilities in implementing Section 504 plans for students with ADHD. The study used a qualitative research design to explore the academic and organizational challenges faced by secondary school students with ADHD, specifically examining the knowledge, perceptions, and self-efficacy of secondary educators regarding ADHD strategies and 504 plan accommodations. Semi-structured interviews were conducted via Zoom with 11 educators from various departments at an affluent suburban high school in northern New Jersey. The findings revealed that educators’ self-efficacy in implementing 504 accommodations was influenced by their knowledge, experience, professional development, and collaboration with colleagues. The study identified challenges such as time constraints, large class sizes, and limited resources, which impacted the consistent implementation of accommodations. Additionally, it highlighted the importance of advocacy, reducing stigma, and fostering a school-wide culture of inclusion. The results emphasize the need for targeted professional development opportunities to enhance educators’ confidence and effectiveness in supporting students with ADHD. The implications of the study extend beyond the local context to inform interventions and support services for these students in a broader context, providing insights for policymakers and school administrators to develop effective strategies to meet the diverse needs of students with ADHD and ensure equitable access for all and contributes to the existing literature by offering a deeper understanding of the implementation of Section 504.