jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Partial identification of the distribution of treatment effects with an application to the Knowledge is Power Program (KIPP)

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

We bound the distribution of treatment effects under plausible and testable assumptions on the joint distribution of potential outcomes, namely that potential outcomes are mutually stochastically increasing. We show how to test the empirical restrictions implied by those assumptions. The resulting bounds substantially sharpen bounds based on classical inequalities. We apply our method to estimate bounds on the distribution of effects of attending a Knowledge is Power Program (KIPP) charter school on student achievement, and find that a substantial majority of students' math achievement benefited from attendance, especially those who would have fared poorly in a traditional classroom.
Development of Air Bearing Stage Using Flexure for Yaw Motion Compensation

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents an air bearing stage that uses flexure for yaw motion compensation. The proposed stage realizes motion in three degrees of freedom (DOF), which are the X, Y, and Θz directions. To work with Θz as the rotational motion of the stage, we applied a flexure consisting of four bar linkages. The stage from a previous study in which flexure is applied to compensate for yaw motion error has the limitation of increasing the structural stiffness of the stage due to the rotational stiffness. In this study, we propose a combination of a new stage structure and flexure to ensure the high structural stiffness of the stage and the very low rotational stiffness of the flexure at the same time. Modeling and design optimization were performed to apply adequate flexure to the proposed stage. Experiments were carried out to verify yaw motion error compensation and the performance of the stage. The proposed stage has a maximum yaw motion error of 0.86 arcsec during the scanning motion and 48 ms settling time, while the stepping motion is improved by 34.2% compared to the previous study.
The New Professional Plaintiffs in Shareholder Litigation

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This Article proceeds in three parts. Part I describes the old professional plaintiffs in shareholder litigation, detailing Congress's efforts in the 1990s to eliminate these plaintiffs. Part II describes the new professional plaintiffs in shareholder litigation, combining empirical data with a discussion of illustrative cases. Part III builds on this discussion by proposing a�new conceptual framework to address the problem of professional plaintiffs in corporate litigation.
Unravelling the Mystery inside Cells by Using Single-Molecule Fluorescence Imaging

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Live-cell imaging is a powerful technique to study the dynamics and mechanics of various biological molecules like proteins, organelles, DNA, and RNA. With the rapid evolution of optical microscopy, our understanding of how these molecules are implicated in the cells’ most critical physiological roles deepens. In this review, we focus on how spatiotemporal nanoscale live-cell imaging at the single molecule level allows for profound contributions towards new discoveries in life science. This review will start by summarizing how single-molecule tracking has been used to analyze membrane dynamics, receptor–ligand interactions, protein–protein interactions, inner- and extra-cellular transport, gene expression/transcription, and whole organelle tracking. We then move on to how current authors are trying to improve single-molecule tracking and overcome current limitations by offering new ways of labeling proteins of interest, multi-channel/color detection, improvements in time-lapse imaging, and new methods and programs to analyze the colocalization and movement of targets. We later discuss how single-molecule tracking can be a beneficial tool used for medical diagnosis. Finally, we wrap up with the limitations and future perspectives of single-molecule tracking and total internal reflection microscopy.
Variation and taxonomic status of the aquatic coral snake Micrurus surinamensis (Cuvier, 1817) (Serpentes: Elapidae)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The taxonomic status of Micrurus surinamensis (Cuvier, 1817), is revised and variation on data concerning external morphology, osteology and hemipenis are described. Micrurus s. nattereri Schmidt, 1952 is here considered as a species, based on the number of ventral scales, shape of posterior portion of parietal bone, and length of supratemporals.
Improved inertia and frequency support from grid-connected DFIG wind farms

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Several techniques have been suggested to enhance the ability of multi-megawatt DFIG wind turbines to contribute in arresting system frequency decay and provide primary control power upon power imbalances. Among such techniques, the capability of temporary active power over-production was shown to be useful in limiting the initial frequency dip in hydro dominated systems. However, the excess active power production is followed by an acceleration period whose negative effect on system frequency profile is analyzed herein. This paper suggests an improved technique generalized for slow-response power systems. This technique not only avoids the acceleration period, but also reduces the frequency excursion and injects primary frequency control power until secondary control takes up the power imbalance. Moreover, a means of obtaining a power reserve from DFIG WFs at low wind speed is analyzed and quantified. The dynamic model of a sample slow-response power system is built in which all the presented techniques are tested for different wind penetration levels. The results of calculations indicate the reduced frequency nadir and improved support obtained from DFIG-WFs for all wind speeds, in a manner compliant with the current requirements of system operators.
Pagans and Christians in the City: Culture Wars from the Tiber to the Potomac. By Steven D. Smith. Grand Rapids: Wm. B. Eerdmans, 2018. Pp. 408. $ 48.00 (cloth); $29.99 (paper); $9.99 (digital). ISBN: 9780802876317.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Pagans and Christians in the City: Culture Wars from the Tiber to the Potomac. By Steven D. Smith. Grand Rapids: Wm. B. Eerdmans, 2018. Pp. 408. $9.99 (digital). ISBN: 9780802876317. - Volume 35 Issue 3
Implications of Streptomyces coelicolor RraAS1 as an activator of ribonuclease activity of Escherichia coli RNase E

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

RNase E는 대장균(Escherichia coli)에서 수많은 RNA의 가공 및 분해에 관여하는 필수적인 효소이다. RNase E의 효소 활성은 RraA와 RraB에 의해 조절된다. 그람양성균인 Streptomyces coelicolor는 RNase ES, RraAS1, RraAS2라고 명명되는 RNase E와 RraA의 동족체를 가지고 있다. 이 연구에서는 S. coelicolor 유래의 RraAS1이 E. coli에서 RNase E의 효소활성을 저해하는지 연구하였다. 대장균에서 RraAS1의 발현은 RNase E의 과발현에 의해 감소된 세포생장을 더욱 저하시켰으며, RNase E의 기질인 rpsO, ftsZ, rnhB mRNA의 양을 감소시키는 것을 확인 하였다. 이러한 RraAS1의 효과는 공동면역침전실험을 수행한 결과에서 유추할 수 있듯이, Rne 단백질과 RraAS1의 결합으로 유도되는 것으로 보인다. 이러한 결과는 RraAS1이 대장균에서 RNase E의 리보핵산 가수분해 활성을 유도함을 시사한다. RNase E (Rne) is an essential enzyme involved in the processing and degradation of a large portion of RNAs in Escherichia coli. The enzymatic activity of RNase E is controlled by regulators of ribonuclease activity, namely, RraA and RraB. Gram-positive bacterium Streptomyces coelicolor also contains homologs of Rne and RraA, designated as RNase ES (Rns), RraAS1, and RraAS2. In the present study, we investigated the effect of S. coelicolor RraAS1 on the ribonucleolytic activity of RNase E in E. coli. Coexpression of RraAS1 with Rne resulted in the decreased levels of rpsO, ftsZ, and rnhB mRNAs, which are RNase E substrates, and augmented the toxic effect of Rne overexpression on cell growth. These in vivo effects appeared to be induced by the binding of RraAS1 to Rne, as indicated by the results of co-immunoprecipitation analysis. These results suggested that RraAS1 induces ribonucleolytic activity of RNase E in E. coli.
Scintilymphangiography with 99mTc-Antimony Sulfide Colloid in Hereditary Lymphedema (Nonne-Milroy Disease)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A family of four patients suffering from Nonne-Milroy disease has been examined by pedal scintilymphangiography. Lower limb edema was present in three patients and was bilateral in two instances. Scintilymphangiographic abnormality was invariably present, ranging from almost total obstruction of lymphatic flow to lymphatic pooling. The inguinal, iliac and para-aortic nodes on the affected sides were also noted to be small and few in number. The examination is safe and simple and may be used to distinguish Nonne-Milroy edema from edema due to other causes.
A multi-factor predictive model for oil-US stock nexus with persistence, endogeneity and conditional heteroscedasticity effects

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

In this study, we extend the single-predictor model for US stock market developed by Narayan and Gupta (2014) to capture more important predictors of the market. Our analyses are conducted in three distinct ways. First, we test whether oil price will produce better forecast accuracy in the multiple-factor model than in the single-factor model. Secondly, we also test the plausibility of making generalization about the predictive model for oil-US stocks on the basis of large cap stocks. Thirdly, we employ the recently developed Feasible Quasi Generalized Least Squares (FQGLS) estimator by Westerlund and Narayan (2014) in order to capture the inherent persistence, endogeneity and heteroscedasticity effects in the predictors. Our results reveal that oil price renders better forecast performance in the multiple-factor predictive model than in the single-factor variants for both in-sample and out-of-sample forecasts. Also, we find that generalizing the predictability of oil-US stock market with large cap may lead to misleading inferences. In addition, it may be necessary to pre-test the predictors for persistence, endogeneity and conditional heteroscedasticity particularly when modeling with high frequency series. Our results are robust to different forecast measures and forecast horizons.
Variable-Temperature Mössbauer Spectroscopy of Nano-Sized Maghemite and Al-Substituted Maghemites

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Synthetic aluminum-substituted maghemite samples, γ-(Fe 1-x Al x ) 2 O 3 , have been prepared by thermal decomposition of Al-lepidocrocite (γ-Fe 1-x Al x OOH), with × = 0, 0.04, 0.06, 0.14 and 0.18. The particles are needle-shaped and the mean crystallite diameter along the [311] crystallographic direction was found to be between 2.0 and 5.0 nm. Mössbauer spectra were collected at 6 K and from 80 K up to 475 K at steps of 25 K. In a wide range of temperatures the spectra of the non-substituted sample consist of a superposition of a broad sextet and a superparamagnetic doublet, whereas for the Al-maghemites this range is much smaller. From the temperature variation of the fractional doublet area two different parameters were defined: the temperature corresponding to a 50/50 doublet-sextet spectrum (T 1/2 ), and the temperature below which the doublet ceases to exist (T 0 ). These two parameters (T 1/2 and T 0 ) decrease from 390 K and 92 K (Al-free sample), to 118 K and 64 K (4 mole % Al) and to 100 K and 48 K (18 mole % Al), respectively. The average hyperfine fields at 6 K undergo a steep drop in going from the Al-free sample (H hf = 506 kOe) to the sample with 4 mole % Al (H hf = 498 kOe), but for higher substitutions the effect is much smaller. The A- and B-site quadrupole splittings, obtained from the data between 220 K and 475 K, were found as: ΔE Q,A = 0.86 ± 0.04 mm/s and ΔE Q,B = 0.65 ± 0.04 mm/s for the 4 mole % Al sample. The characteristic Mössbauer temperature , determined from the temperature dependence of the average isomer shift, was found to be in the range of 500–600 K.
The persistence of abnormal returns at industry and firm levels: Evidence from Spain

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Abstract We apply structural equation models to longitudinal data on profits of firms within industries to study the persistence of abnormal returns. We obtain a two‐way variance decomposition for abnormal returns: at firm vs. industry levels, and at permanent vs. transitory components. This decomposition enables us to assess the relative importance of the fundamental components of abnormal returns discussed in the literature. The method is applied to a panel of 5,000 Spanish firms observed over the period 1995–2000. We conclude that: (a) there are significant and permanent differences between profit rates at both industry and firm levels; (b) variation of abnormal returns at firm level is greater than at industry level; and (c) firm and industry levels do not differ significantly regarding rates of convergence of abnormal returns. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The distribution of cryptic species of the Bombus lucorum-complex in Russian Eastern Fennoscandia

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In this study, we present the distribution of cryptic species of the Bombus lucorum-complex in the Russian part of Eastern Fennoscandia, within the administrative borders of the Republic of Karelia and Murmansk Region. We applied the PCR-RFLP approach that allows identifying species of the Bombus lucorum-complex and B. terrestris accurately, quickly and relatively cheaply, because reliable identification of these species using morphological characters is often impossible. Among the species of this complex only two species, B. cryptarum and B. lucorum, were found in Karelia and Murmansk Region. B. cryptarum was recorded in all studied localities of this region. Only this species was registered in the northern part of Russian Eastern Fennoscandia. B. lucorum was found in most of the studied localities in the central and southern parts of this region. The northernmost record of B. lucorum in the region is the southern part of Murmansk Region (Kandalaksha). The distribution of B. cryptarum and B. lucorum in Karelia and Murmansk Region is close to that known in Finland.
Fast convolutional neural network for image classification

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Convolutional Neural Network(CNN) has proven its excellence in various classification tasks over the recent years. However, the major drawback of deep CNN was its days of computation time to train on large dataset with thousands of classes. The main cause for this slow computation is mostly due to the convolutional layers which performs 2D convolutions with lots of for-loops. This paper thus seeks for faster convolution algorithms such as FFT, Winograd and im2col convolutions to minimize the overall computation time and also introduces CNN written in Matlab for image classification tasks. Performance of the fast CNN algorithm written in Matlab is tested on MNIST and CIFAR-10 dataset with CNN architecture with [3*3] filter Convolutional layer sets(Convolutional, pooling and Sigmoid layers) , Fully Connected(FC) layer and followed by a Softmax layer.
Posthysterectomy vault prolapse: sacral colpopexy with dura mater graft.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Vaginal vault prolapse is an infrequent complication after abdominal and vaginal hysterectomy. Current surgical methods of repair include transvaginal fixation of the vault to the sacrospinous ligament, repositioning of the vagina over the levator plate by a synchronous abdominoperineal procedure, and transabdominal sacral colpopexy. Because each method results in a durable repair and restores a functional vagina, sacral colpopexy is considered the preferred procedure because of its technical simplicity. The proposed advantages using dura mater as the prosthesis are detailed.
Emotional Maturity and Mental Health Among New Couples Referred to Pre-Marriage Health Center in Karaj, Iran

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Background: Emotional maturity and mental health are the foundation of a successful marriage and indeed emotional maturity is the key to a satisfying happy life. Objectives: This study aimed to assess emotional maturity and mental health among couples referred to pre-marriage health centers in the city of Karaj. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the main center of pre-marriage testing in Karaj from March 2012 to August 2012. Using randomized sampling method 547 couples participated and filled the questionnaires, including a demographic scale, emotional maturity scale (EMS), and Mental Health Inventory (GHQ 28). Data were analyzed using ANOVA, t student, Pearson, and Multiple Regression tests to assess the correlation between variables. Results: Results showed a significant positive relationship between emotional maturity and mental health of couples (r = 0.67; P < 0.05). There was an association between couples' emotional maturity and sex, religion, occupation, and previous marital history. Also, the relationship between mental health of couples and gender, place of birth, employment history and previous marital history was significant. Regression analysis also indicated that mental health and having a permanent job were predictors of emotional maturity (P < 0.05). The mean score of emotional maturity was detected 91.3 ± 21.6, which was interpreted as emotional instability, and the mean score of mental health was determined 16.2 ± 9.9. Conclusions: The mental health and having a constant job can predict the level of emotional maturity. In addition, the results suggested that emotional maturity has a positive correlation with mental health.
Triassic Microfauna of the Lilang Group with Special Reference to Scythian-Anisian Conodonts, Spiti Valley, Himachal Himalaya

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The Triassic microfauna from the type section of the Lilang Group recorded here includes conodonts (58 taxa), foraminifera (17 taxa), ostracoda (5 taxa) and radiolaria (one taxon). Except for one form in the Carnian Sanglung Formatiqn, the conodonts are exclusive to the Scythian-Anisian Mikin Formation. The foraminifers come mainly from the Mikin, Norian Hangrang and Rhaetian-Dogger Kioto Formations. In the former two, they are rare, while in the last one common. The ostracodes chiefly occur in the Mikin Formation. The radiolarians are common in the Carnian Chomule Formation and sporadic in the Mikin Formation. Based on microfacies analysis, the Mikin, Chomule and Sanglung Formations are interpreted to represent clear basin margin, Hangrang back-reef to fores]ope and Kioto restricted platform to edge-sand and lagoon environments. The varying abundance of the microfauna in different formations is possibly environmentally controlled. The conodonts, and radiolaria preferred basin margin, and foraminifers restricted platform to edge-sand and lagoon environments.
725 Exact Equations and Error of the Estimated Equations of Damping Ratio Using Half-Power Method

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Damping ratio which shows damping of the vibration system composed of loading mass added on spring and dashpot is the importance, when it is designed in vibration isolation. Half-power method is used in order to identify damping ratio using resonance curve of forced vibration. Half-power method is an approximation calculated from the approximate analysis result using natural angular frequency. And, it is known that the error increases, when damping ratio consists over 0.1. The development of various high damping vibration proofing material advances recently, and the derivation of exact equation which can be applied to the case with big damping ratio is desired. This study proposes method to derive of exact equation of damping ratio. Then, it was rewritten in resonance curve which described resonance curve using natural angular frequency in the peak angular frequency, and exact equation of half-power point was required from this resonance curve, and exact equation of damping ratio was calculated. In addition, the relation between error and exact equation of damping ratio estimated equation by half-power method is explained in detail.
Coroutine behaviour and implementation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Algorithms using retentive control are currently being developed in operating systems, simulation, artificial intelligence and language implementation. This paper investigates two aspects of a form of retentive control, namely coroutines. The behaviour of coroutines and language primitives that express the operations on coroutines are explored by surveying the literature for coroutine usage. Secondly, the area of control implementation of coroutines is investigated by considering the Bobrow and Wegbreit spaghetti stack as a viable data structure for managing run‐time storage. Changes in the basic model of the spaghetti stack, tailoring its use in a strictly coroutine environment with subsequent implementation alternatives, are explored. An investigation through experimentation is made of the effect control‐related aspects of coroutines have on the revised spaghetti stack models. An analysis of the empirical results obtained provides a useful barometer for selecting appropriate storage management schemes based on coroutine design and usage.
Differential gene regulation by nutrient restriction and hypoxia in cultured human placental extravillous trophoblasts (HTR‐8/SVneo)

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Both maternal undernutrition and hypoxia impair placental and fetal growth, but the mechanisms are unknown. We cultured trophoblasts in nutrient‐replete media (C; 20% O 2 ), hypoxia (Hx; 1% O 2 in nutrient‐replete media), 75% nutrient‐restricted media (NR; 20% O 2 ), or NR‐Hx. Hx or NR alone reduced growth 40–45% and together by 70% (p<0.001). We determined ≥2 fold changes in gene expression by microarray analysis (Agilent Whole Human Genome Microarray 4X44K V2) and GeneSpring V12 compared to C. NR altered expression of the most genes [335 upregulated (Up) and 417 downregulated (Dn)] in contrast to the fewest in Hx (33 Up and 16 Dn genes) and intermediate numbers in NR‐Hx (171 Up and 75 Dn genes). NR, Hx and NR‐Hx only affected 13 genes in common with 4 Up including FBXO32 and ARC involved in protein catabolism and repressing apoptosis, respectively, and 9 Dn including GLI1, OTUD6A and SUCNR1 involved in, respectively, regulation of proliferation through Hedgehog signaling, deubiquitination and mediation of local stress. Two gene pathways were altered (p<0.001; DAVID/KEGG): Up MAPK signaling pathway in NR and Up aminoacyl‐tRNA biosynthesis pathway in NR‐Hx. Although many mechanisms may contribute to impaired placental growth in NR or NR‐Hx, these results suggest only a few possible shared mechanisms through which both NR and Hx impair placental growth. Supported by Cornell University
Diverging against all odds? Regulatory paths in embryonic stem cell research across Western Europ

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

An interest-driven account of embryonic stem cell research would, given the considerable financial and scientific concerns, likely predict regulations to converge towards permissive policies. However, across Western Europe, national regulations of embryonic stem cell research vary considerably, from general bans to permissive policies. There is a lack of systematic accounting for the non-convergence, and the sparse attempts at explanation are contradictory. Drawing on qualitative comparative analysis and configurational causality, we assess the interaction of a number of explanatory factors. Our empirical analysis reveals the importance of one factor in particular, path-dependence, insofar as prior policies on assisted reproduction exert a strong and systematic effect on the subsequent regulation of embryonic stem cell research.