jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Sevoflurane Inhibits Phorbol-Myristate-Acetate-induced Activator Protein-1 Activation in Human T Lymphocytes in Vitro : Potential Role of the p38-Stress Kinase Pathway

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Background Modulation of immune defense mechanisms by volatile anesthetics during general anesthesia may compromise postoperative immune competence and healing reactions and affect the infection rate and the rate of tumor metastases disseminated during surgery. Several mechanisms have been suggested to account for these effects. The current study was undertaken to examine the molecular mechanisms underlying these observations. Methods Effects of sevoflurane, isoflurane, and desflurane were studied in vitro in primary human CD3 T-lymphocytes. DNA-binding activity of the transcription factor activator protein-1 (AP-1) was assessed using an electrophoretic mobility shift assay. Phorbol-myristate-acetate-dependent effects of sevoflurane on the phosphorylation of the mitogen-activated protein kinases were studied using Western blots, the trans-activating potency of AP-1 was determined using reporter gene assays, and the cytokine release was measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Results Sevoflurane inhibited activation of the transcription factor AP-1. This effect was specific, as the activity of nuclear factor kappabeta, nuclear factor of activated T cells, and specific protein-1 was not altered and several other volatile anesthetics studied did not affect AP-1 activation. Sevoflurane-mediated suppression of AP-1 could be observed in primary CD3 lymphocytes from healthy volunteers, was time-dependent and concentration-dependent, and occurred at concentrations that are clinically achieved. It resulted in an inhibition of AP-1-driven reporter gene activity and of the expression of the AP-1 target gene interleukin-3. Suppression of AP-1 was associated with altered phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases. Conclusion The data demonstrate that sevoflurane is a specific inhibitor of AP-1 and may thus provide a molecular mechanism for the antiinflammatory effects associated with sevoflurane administration.
Molecular Modeling as the Spark for Active Learning Approaches for Interdisciplinary Biology Teaching

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We present here an interdisciplinary workshop on the subject of biomolecules offered to undergraduate and high-school students with the aim of boosting their interest toward all areas of science contributing to the study of life. The workshop involves Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, Computer Science and Biology. Based on our own areas of research, molecular modeling is chosen as central axis as it involves all disciplines. In order to provide a strong biological motivation for the study of the dynamics of biomolecules, the theme of the workshop is the origin of life. All sessions are built around active pedagogies, including games, and a final poster presentation.
Tandem Repeats of Chinese sturgeon(Acipenser sinensis) and Related Species and Its Significance in Evolution

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

By using PCR and DNA sequencing the tandem repeats were confirmed in mitochondrial control region of Chinese sturgeon ( Acipenser sinensis ),an endangered fish under first rank protection in China.The tandem repeats caused an extensive mtDNA heteroplasmy which had different mtDNA molecular sizes in single individual.Regulations of different types of repeats were studied.In addition,the repeats were also found in other Chinese species such as Chinese paddlefish ( Psephurus gladius ),Yangtze sturgeon ( A.dabryamus ) and Amur sturgeon ( A.schrenckii ).The sequence divergences among the repeats have positive relationships among relationships of species.
Urban noise pollution in the city of Curitiba, Brazil

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents the results obtained from a study on environmental noise pollution in the city of Curitiba, Brazil. The equivalent sound-level values LAeq, 2 h were measured and tabulated for 1000 locations spread over the urban zones of the city of Curitiba in several urban zones: residential, mixed, services, downtown, and industrial. It was found that 93.3% out of the surveyed locations display during the day equivalent sound levels over 65 dB(A), and 40.3% out of the total number of locations measured during the day display extremely high values of equivalent sound levels: over 75 dB(A). The average noise levels per zone has ranged from 73.4 to 78.1 dB(A). (To be presented in Portuguese.)
The use of non-invasive ventilation in the treatment of acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The patient with acute heart failure may present with acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema (ACPE), a condition accompanied by severe respiratory distress, with crackles over the lung and orthopnea, and an O2 saturation usually < 90% on room air, prior to treatment. Non-invasive ventilation is the delivery of assisted ventilation without the need for endotracheal intubation and an invasive artificial airway. Two techniques are used for ventilatory support: continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and non-invasive positive-pressure ventilation (NPPV). There is a strong consensus that one of these two techniques should be used before endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation because non-invasive techniques dramatically reduce the need for mechanical ventilation via endotracheal intubation and its complications. The aim of this review is to evaluate and resume the evidence for the use of non-invasive positive pressure ventilation in the treatment of acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema according recent literature in order to guide physicians in using CPAP and NPPV in patients affected by ACPE in clinical practice. Recent literature showed that CPAP and NPPV both significantly decrease the need for endotracheal intubation, and CPAP significantly decreases mortality when compared to standard medical treatment. These techniques resulted safe and there is no evidence of increased risk of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) with either of them. Although both CPAP and NPPV present similar efficacy, CPAP has been shown to be cheaper and easier to implement in clinical practice and it could be considered the preferred intervention in patients with ACPE especially in the Emergency Department setting.
Discrimination of Microbiological Organisms by the Luminol Chemiluminescent Reaction

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Preliminary observations indicated that the intensity of light versus time for chemiluminescent reaction curves were different for various materials. The reaction rate appeared to be specific for each substrate and offered the possibility of group separation of biological materials. The objective of this effort was to study the degree of specificity of the reaction. A rapid and sensitive method for the discrimination of certain biological materials based upon the chemiluminescent reaction has been developed.
Machine Learning Model to Study the Genetic Susceptibility of Patients with Sever Coronavirus Symptoms

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

COVID 19 is constantly changing properties because of its contagious as an urgent global challenge, and there are no vaccines or effective drugs. Smart model used to measure and prevent the spread of COVID 19 continues to provide health care services is an urgent need. Previous methods to identify severe symptoms of coronavirus in the early stages, but they have failed to predict the symptoms of coronavirus in an accurate way and also take more time. To overcome these issues the effective severe coronavirus symptoms techniques are proposed. Initially, Gradient Conventional Recursive Neural Classifier based classification and Linear Discriminant Genetic Algorithm used feature selection, mutation, and cross-analysis of features of coronary symptoms. These methods are used to select optimized features and selected features, and then classified by neural network. This Gradient Conventional Recursive Neural Classifier selects features based on the correlation between features that reduce irrelevant features involved in the identification process of coronary symptoms. Gradient Conventional Recursive Neural Classifier based on each function, helping to maximize the correlation between the prediction accuracy of coronavirus symptoms. For this reason, it has always been recommended in an effort to increase the accuracy and reliability of diagnostics to use machine learning to design different classification models.
Estimating the Impact of Hospital-Level Variation on the Use of Inpatient Rehabilitation Facilities Versus Skilled Nursing Facilities on Individual Patients With Stroke

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND: There is substantial hospital-level variation in the use of Inpatient Rehabilitation Facilities (IRFs) versus Skilled Nursing Facilities (SNFs) among patients with stroke, which is poorly understood. Our objective was to quantify the net effect of the admitting hospital on the probability of receiving IRF or SNF care for individual patients with stroke. METHODS: Using Medicare claims data (2011–2013), a cohort of patients with acute stroke discharged to an IRF or SNF was identified. We generated 2 multivariable logistic regression models. Model 1 predicted IRF admission (versus SNF) using only patient-level factors, whereas model 2 added a hospital random effect term to quantify the hospital effect. The statistical significance and direction of the random effect terms were used to categorize hospitals as being either IRF-favoring, SNF-favoring, or neutral with respect to their discharge patterns. The hospital’s impact on individual patient’s probability of IRF discharge was estimated by taking the change in individual predicted probabilities (change in individual predicted probability) between the 2 models. Hospital-level effects were categorized as small (<10%), moderate (10%–19%), or large (≥20%) depending on change in individual predicted probability. RESULTS: The cohort included 135 415 patients (average age, 81.5 [SD=8.0] years, 61% female, 91% ischemic stroke) who were discharged from 1816 acute care hospitals to IRFs (n=66 548) or SNFs (n=68 867). Half of hospitals were classified as being either IRF-favoring (n=461, 25.4%) or SNF-favoring (n=485, 26.7%) with the remainder (n=870, 47.9%) considered neutral. Overall, just over half (n=73 428) of patients were treated at hospitals that had moderate or large independent effects on discharge settings. Hospital effects for neutral hospitals were small (ie, change in individual predicted probability <10%) for most patients (72.5%). However, hospital effects were moderate or large for 78.8% and 84.6% of patients treated at IRF- or SNF-favoring hospitals, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: For most patients with stroke, the admitting hospital meaningfully changed the type of rehabilitation care that they received.
Modulations of ongoing oscillations exerted by sustained painful heat and non-painful cold stimuli recorded from the human insula using intracerebral EEG

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The human insula is a target for spinothalamic input, but there is still no consensus on its role in pain perception. Using intracerebral electroencephalography (iEEG), we recently observed that sustained periodic warm nociceptive stimuli selectively modulated theta- and alpha-band ongoing oscillations recorded from the insula. These modulations, however, are not necessarily pain-specific, as they could be simply related to the activation of the spinothalamic system, and/or to the conveyance of thermal information. The aim of the present study was to disentangle these aspects by comparing the effects of sustained periodic painful heat stimulation and sustained periodic non-painful cold stimulation on insular ongoing oscillatory activity. 6 patients undergoing iEEG (34 insular contacts) participated in the experiment (Fig. 1). Each patient received 2 blocks of sustained periodic stimuli (painful heat and non-painful cold stimuli; frequency: 0.2 Hz). The order of the blocks was randomized across participants. Whereas both heat and cold stimuli elicited an increase of EEG power at the frequency of stimulation (0.2 Hz), only heat stimuli exerted a 0.2 Hz modulation of ongoing oscillations in the theta frequency band (Fig. 2). These findings suggest that the modulation of theta oscillations exerted by painful heat stimuli is not merely related to the activation of the spinothalamic system and/or to the conveyance of thermal information, but could be more strongly related to pain perception.
Bioinformatic prediction of conserved microRNAs and their target genes in eggplant (<I>Solanum melongena</I> L.)

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

100081 摘要: microRNAs(miRNAs)是一类在真核生物中发现的长度为 21 nt 左右、非编码、内源性的单链小分子 RNA, 通过与靶基因的互补发挥转录后水平的负调控作用。目前, 已在许多物种中报道了 miRNAs 的存在, 然而还未 见关于茄子 miRNAs 的报道。根据 miRNAs 在植物中的高度保守性及其前体的二级结构特征, 文章通过同源预 测的方法, 将已知植物的 miRNAs 与茄子 EST 数据库比对, 经过一系列的筛选, 最终预测到 12 个家族的 16 条 茄子 miRNAs, 其中包括 3 个 miRNA 家族的正义/反义 miRNAs, 而 miR390 和 miR399 家族的正义/反义 miRNAs 属于第一次发现。文章还通过在线软件 psRNATarget 预测到 15 条茄子 miRNAs 的 71 个靶基因, 这些靶基因主 要编码与茄子生长发育、新陈代谢以及胁迫响应等过程相关的蛋白。
Determination of carotenoids in yellow maize, the effects of saponification, and food preparations

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Maize is an important staple food consumed by millions of people in many countries. Yellow maize naturally contains carotenoids which not only provide provitamin A carotenoids but also xanthophylls which are known to be important for eye health. This study was aimed at 1) evaluating the effect of saponification during extraction of yellow maize carotenoids, 2) determining the major carotenoids in 36 genotypes of yellow maize by high performance liquid chromatography with a C30 column, and 3) determining the effect of cooking on the carotenoid content of yellow maize. The major carotenoids in yellow maize were identified as all‐ trans lutein, cis‐ isomers of lutein, all‐ trans‐ zeaxanthin, α‐ and β‐cryptoxanthin, all‐ trans β‐carotene, 9‐ cis β‐carotene and 13‐ cis β‐carotene. Extraction procedures without saponification showed a significantly higher yield than that obtained using saponification. In addition, cooking by boiling yellow maize at 100Â°C for 30 minutes increased the carotenoid concentration, while baking at 450Â°C for 25 min decreased the carotenoid concentrations by almost 70% as compared to the uncooked yellow maize flour. Therefore, yellow maize is a good source of provitamin A carotenoids and xanthophylls, the stability of maize carotenoids depends on cooking methods and no saponification is needed for analysis of maize carotenoids
PERCEPTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE AND COMMUNITY RESILIENCE IN SELECTED RURAL COASTAL COMMUNITIES OF BADAGRY, NIGERIA

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Climate change is a multi-faceted phenomenon and its impacts vary with specific socio-economic realities. Rural residents especially in the coastal regions of developing nations remain the most vulnerable because their livelihood is tied to climate-sensitive sectors such as farming and fishing. Mitigation and adaptation strategies employed are, however, a function of residents’ perception of the phenomenon. The study, therefore, investigated the perception of coastal rural residents in Badagry West Local Government Area of Lagos on the impact of climate change on their livelihood. A total of 200 questionnaires were administered to respondents using a multistage stratified sampling technique. Results indicated that the primary occupation of 44% of the residents was farming or fishing, and 70% indicated they earned less than N50,000 monthly. About 58 % of the residents perceived climate change as an act of God, while 51% and 58% indicated that it resulted in more rainfall/flooding and less farm productivity. Over 60% relied on extension workers for guidance while another 59% planted different varieties of crops and increased cropping land area as adaptation strategies. This implied a more intensive use of natural resources and land conversions as they encroached into virgin lands in search for more cropping area. Aggressive investment in agricultural extension services and development of local non-farm economy is recommended to ensure sustainability.
The Incentive Limits of Firms: A Comparative Institutional Assessment of Bureaucracy

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Why can’t a large firm do everything that a collection of small firms can do and more? This is a variant of a question that has been asked many times before but for which an adequate answer has never been devised — to wit, what is responsible for limitations in firm size? Yet another way of putting this same issue is this: why not organize everything in one large firm?
ORIGINAL ARTICLE Extraction of well-fixed extended porous-coated cementless stems using a femoral longitudinal split procedure

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract We present a technique of posterior femoral longi-tudinal split (FLS) osteotomy. This technique allows the ex-pansion of the metaphyseal–diaphyseal region of the proximal femur facilitating extraction of well-fixed extended porous-coated stems. The extractions were performed using extended transfemoral osteotomy (ETO) and FLS osteotomy between June 2002 and March 2014. The study group, which com-prised patients with well-fixed extended porous-coated stems, consisted of two men and ten women with an average age of 63.2 years. The stem was successfully removed using the FLS procedure in 8 of the 10 hips. Reimplantation surgery was performed in 6 of the 12 hips with ARMD, periprosthetic infection, or metallosis. This FLS technique may allow the easy removal of well-fixed extended porous-coated stems and become an alternative method for the removal of all
Cloning of an AGAMOUS-like Gene Promoter from Momordica charantia L. and Construction of Expression Vector

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

McAG2 gene is an AGAMOUS-like gene,which was cloned from Momordica charantia. It especially expressed in floral organ and young fruit and had a crucial role in the third and fourth whorl floral organ development. The 1 417 bp 5' up stream region of the McAG2 gene was isolated by the DNA walking technology. Sequence analysis reveals that it contains classical TATA-box,CAAT-box,which are conserved in eukaryotic gene promoters,and other regulation elements regarding to hormones. For further study on those regulator elements,the vectors were constructed with the deletion in the 5' region and intron of McAG2.
Junctional Adhesion Molecule-C Regulates the Early Influx of Leukocytes into Tissues during Inflammation

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Leukocyte recruitment from blood to inflammatory sites occurs in a multistep process that involves discrete molecular interactions between circulating and endothelial cells. Junctional adhesion molecule (JAM)-C is expressed at different levels on endothelial cells of lymphoid organs and peripheral tissues and has been proposed to regulate neutrophil migration by its interaction with the leukocyte integrin Mac-1. In the present study, we show that the accumulation of leukocytes in alveoli during acute pulmonary inflammation in mice is partially blocked using neutralizing Abs against JAM-C. To confirm the function of JAM-C in regulating leukocyte migration in vivo, we then generated a strain of transgenic mice overexpressing JAM-C under the control of the endothelial specific promotor Tie2. The transgenic animals accumulate more leukocytes to inflammatory sites compared with littermate control mice. Intravital microscopy shows that this is the result of increased leukocyte adhesion and transmigration, whereas rolling of leukocytes is not significantly affected in transgenic mice compared with littermates. Thus, JAM-C participates in the later steps of the leukoendothelial adhesion cascade.
Higher incidence of malignant neoplasms after heart transplantation for treatment of chronic Chagas' heart disease.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We found a higher incidence of malignant neoplasia after heart transplantation for treatment of chronic Chagas' disease. It is likely that the neoplasia is the result of chronic infection with an immunomodulator protozoan, immunosuppression, reactivation of the T. cruzi infection, or the toxicity of therapeutic intervention with benznidazole.
Utilization of l-14C-Hexanoic Acid for Fatty Acid and Lipid Synthesis by Bovine Mammary Tissue

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Cells and tissue slices from lactating bovine mammary glands incorporated sodium 1-14C-hexanoate into the homologous series of fatty acids (C4:0 through C16:0) normally synthesized by this tissue.These labeled acids were mostly esterified in the triglycerides.Distribution patterns and the specific activity data suggested that some catabolism of hexanoic acid occurred in the mammary tissue before incorporation into fatty acids though evidence of direct elongation of this acid is also considered.
A 3' end fragment encompassing the transcriptional enhancers of nondefective Friend virus confers erythroleukemogenicity on Moloney leukemia virus

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Nondefective Friend helper murine leukemia virus (Fr-MuLV) induces primarily erythroleukemias in NFS mice, whereas Moloney murine leukemia virus (Mo-MuLV) induces T cell lymphomas. Using molecular clones of these two viruses, we constructed a recombinant in which a 0.62-kilobase fragment encompassing the U3 region at the 3' end of the Fr-MuLV genome replaced the corresponding region of Mo-MuLV. The recombinant virus obtained by transfection of this clone, whose genome is derived primarily from Mo-MuLV, induces almost exclusively erythroleukemias in NFS mice. This and the previous result of Chatis et al. (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 80:4408-4411), showing that the reciprocal recombinant whose genome is primarily derived from Fr-MuLV induces almost exclusively lymphomas, argue that a strong determinant of the distinct disease specificities of Fr-MuLV and Mo-MuLV lies in this 3' end 0.62-kilobase fragment which contains the putative virus enhancers. To more precisely define this determinant, we have begun to construct recombinants in which smaller 3' end fragments of the Fr-MuLV and Mo-MuLV genomes are exchanged. Analysis of the first such recombinant showed that Fr-MuLV can be converted to a lymphoma-inducing virus in NFS mice by substitution of a 0.38-kilobase fragment encompassing the virus enhancers in U3 with the corresponding region of the Mo-MuLV genome.
Human Engineering Research,

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The underlying philosophy governing the management of human engineering research efforts in NAVSEA 55W54 is that these research activities be directed to solving existing or anticipated problems in the fleet. The approach to conducting the research begins with an effort to identify, validate and prioritize human engineering problems. This activity involves acquiring fleet feedback data on problems from a variety of sources including: interviews of operational personnel; review of CASREPS, INSURV reports, COMOPTEVFOR reports, Naval Safety Center reports, etc.; and observation of ongoing shipboard activities at-sea. When problems have been identified, validate, and prioritized, alternate methods for correcting selected problems are developed. These include research literature/ data base review to determine if any practical solutions already exist, and, if not, to plan and propose appropriate research efforts to OPNAV. Upon collecting information on available strategies and alternatives, solutions are evaluated and tradeoffs of alternate solutions will be performed. As appropriate, these 'best solutions' will be reflected in new ship design specifications or ECPs.