jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Business Attachment Report Diethelm (s) Pte Ltd - healthcare division.

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

In the course of my attachment to Diethelm's Healthcare division, I have conducted a consumer survey on paediatric vitamins. The purpose of the survey is to study into the feasibility of adding a new line of paediatric vitamins (Flintstones) into its existing Bugs Bunny's range. The results of the survey are in favor of the decision to complement Bugs Bunny with Flintstones. The management has also requested a work study to be conducted to substantiate its claim of guaranteed delivery within 24 hours. The average total time taken of the 47 orders under surveyed is well below the 24 hours claim made by the management. In addition to the above projects undertaken, I have also been exposed to other aspects of sales and managerial functions. The attachment has been a valuable experience for me, and I believe it would be useful to me in my future career as a marketer.
An Evaluation of Sex Differences in Patients With Chronic Pain Undergoing an Interdisciplinary Pain Treatment Program

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Objectives To determine if there are sex differences in a sample of patients participating in a 4‐week interdisciplinary pain treatment program in (1) pretreatment pain intensity, physical function, psychological function, pain beliefs, kinesiophobia, pain catastrophizing, and activity management patterns; and (2) treatment response. Methods Seventy‐two men and 130 women with chronic pain completed study measures. Analyses of covariance ( ANCOVA s) were performed to compare men and women on pretreatment measures. Repeated‐measures ANCOVA s were used to compare both sexes on 3 treatment outcomes (pain intensity, physical function, and depressive symptoms). Results Before treatment, compared to women, men reported higher levels of kinesiophobia, were more likely to view their pain as being harmful, and used more activity pacing when doing daily activities. Women were more likely to use an overdoing activity pattern than men. No sex differences emerged for pretreatment pain intensity, physical function, psychological function, catastrophizing, activity avoidance, or measures of other pain‐related beliefs. At posttreatment, women reported more improvements in pain intensity and physical function compared to men, while both sexes reported similar reductions in depressive symptoms. All effect sizes for statistically significant findings were of small to moderate magnitude. Discussion The results of this study suggest that men and women have a comparable profile with respect to the overall burden of chronic pain. Nevertheless, sex differences were found for certain pain beliefs and coping styles. Women appear to reap more benefits from the interdisciplinary pain management program than men. These findings indicate that further research to develop sex‐specific assessment procedures and tailored pain treatments may be warranted.
Influence of drought stress on the root system of the `Maryland 96-5722 by `Spencer' recombinant inbred line (RIL) population of soybean (Glycine max. (L.) Merrill)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The important crop soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] is cultivated worldwide and the US is, its number one exporter. However, farmers face many challenges in cultivating soybeans, including drought and diseases that drastically reduces yield. The objectives of this study were to (1) grow the `MD 96-5722' by `Spencer' recombinant inbred line (RIL) population (n=82) in the greenhouse under normal (Group I) and water stress (Group II) conditions, and (2) compare the root length (RL), root surface area (RSA), average root diameter (ARD), and average root volume (ARV) in the groups of plants using the WinRhizo software. The results showed that there is a huge variation in these traits among the parents `MD 96-5722' and `Spencer', and among their RILs. For Group I plants, the RL of parents and RILs ranged from (20.67 cm to 2,327.88 cm); the RSA ranged from (4.57 cm2 to 1,176.79 cm2); the ARD ranged from (0.38 mm to 4.04 mm); and the ARV ranged from (0.08 cm3 to 47.34 cm3). For Group II plants, the RL of parents and RILs ranged from (15.70 cm to 3,562.42 cm); the RSA ranged from (4.15 cm2 to 829.72 cm2); the ARD ranged from (0.24 mm to 5.74 mm); and the ARV ranged from (0.03 cm 3 to 23.67 cm3). It is clear from the results that Group I plants have higher means of RL (572.58 cm vs. 537.33 cm), RSA (201.20 cm2 vs. 165.50 cm2), ARD (3.96 mm vs. 1.45 mm), and ARV (6.31 cm3 vs. 5.61 cm3) compared to Group II plants which demonstrates that drought-stressed plants have reduced overall plant growth and development. However, statistically, these differences were not significant; therefore, further studies with several replicates should be conducted both in the greenhouse and the field in order to determine the effects of drought stress on the `MD 96-5722' by `Spencer' RILs Moreover, studies of quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping of the root traits studied here are underway to genetically map QTL for these root traits in this soybean RIL population.
The effect of work hours on energy use: A micro-analysis of time and income effects

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In the environmental movement there is an idea that a reduction in work hours could be good for the environment. This idea is especially forceful since shorter work hours have possible positive consequences such as less time pressure and more time for activities which are important for subjective well being like social contacts, volunteer work and child care. This paper aims to contribute to the understanding of this issue, analyzing the impact of work hours on energy use and greenhouse gas emissions. We use a micro-data approach analyzing how a change in work time affects the energy use of households via changing income and changing time use patterns. We assume that a change in work hours gives a proportional effect on income. We identify the marginal consumption through carrying out linear regressions. In addition we make similar regressions in order to estimate how the time is used when work hours are changed. The regression results are matched with energy intensities and greenhouse gas emissions per expenditure and per minute of time use. The results of this study indicate that an increase or decrease in work time by 10 percent gives a change in energy use and greenhouse gas emissions by about 8 percent on average, a bit less for high income households and a bit more for low income households. The increase or decrease in energy use with work hours is dominated by the effect of income. The effect due to more available time for leisure activities is more than an order of magnitude smaller than the income effect.
Noise and Multistability in Gene Regulatory Networks

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Proteins are the functional machinery in living cells. Proteins interact with each other and bind to DNA to form so-called gene regulatory networks and in this way regulate the level, location and timing of expression of other proteins. Cells implement feedback loops to create a memory of their gene expression states. In this way, every differentiated cell in a multicellular organism remembers its expression profile throughout its life. On the other hand, biochemical reactions that take place during gene expression involve small numbers of molecules, and are therefore dominated by large concentration fluctuations. This intrinsic noise has the potential to corrupt memory storage and might result in random transitions between different gene expression states. In the first part of my thesis, I will discuss how the fluctuations in gene expression levels are regulated. The results provided the first experimental evidence that cells can regulate noise in their gene expression by tuning their genetic parameters. In the second half of my thesis, I will discuss how cells create memory by experimentally studying a gene regulatory network that implements a positive feedback loop. A positive feedback loop with nonlinear interactions creates two distinct stable gene expression states. A phase diagram, coupled with a mathematical model of the network, was used to quantitatively investigate the biochemical processes in this network. The response of the network depends on its previous history (hysteresis). Despite the fluctuations in the gene expression, the memory of the gene expression state is preserved for a long time for a broad range of system parameters. On the other hand, for some of the parameters, noise causes random transitions of the cells between different gene expression states and results in a bimodal response. Finally, the hysteretic response of the natural system is experimentally converted to an ultrasensitive graded response as predicted by our model. Thesis Supervisor: Alexander van Oudenaarden Title: Assistant Professor
Stratmann, Linda The Secret Poisoner: A Century of Murder New Haven, CT: Yale University 328 pp., $33.25, ISBN 978-0300204735 Publication Date: April 2016

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

"Stratmann, Linda The Secret Poisoner: A Century of Murder New Haven, CT: Yale University 328 pp., $33.25, ISBN 978-0300204735 Publication Date: April 2016." History: Reviews of New Books, 45(2), p. 36
Muscle Tissue Reactions to Implantation of Bone Matrix Gelatin

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Histologic changes of muscle tissue in the early stage of heterotopic osteogenesis induced by syngeneic insoluble bone matrix gelatin (BMG) with bone morphogenetic protein in rats was observed by light and electron microscopy. BMG induced cartilage in muscle tissue by Day 7 after its implantation, woven bone by Day 10, and lamellar bone with bone marrow by Day 14. The new findings in this work include (1) the disappearance of the basement membrane of muscle fibers; (2) the activation of the satellite cells of muscle fibers; (3) the appearance of fibroblastlike cells that closely resembled activated satellite cells among the degenerated muscle fibers or on the surface of the BMG; and (4) the change of fibroblastlike cells to chondroblasts or osteoblasts. These findings suggest that intramuscular implantation of BMG caused the conspicuous disappearance of the basement membrane of the muscle fiber and may play a part in osteogenesis induced by BMG.
Design and Characterization of Stable β-Caryophyllene-loaded Nanoemulsions: A Rational HLB-Based Approach for Enhanced Volatility Control and Sustained Release

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Phytochemicals with therapeutic potential have garnered increasing interest in recent years for their natural origin, multi-target pharmacological effects, and generally favorable safety profiles. One such compound, β-caryophyllene (BCP), a bicyclic sesquiterpene found in essential oils of various plants such as Cannabis sativa , Clove ( Syzygium aromaticum ), and Black pepper ( Piper nigrum ), has demonstrated promising analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer properties [1–3]. Its activity as a selective CB2 receptor agonist has made BCP an especially attractive candidate for developing novel anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective therapies. BCP faces significant challenges in pharmaceutical formulation due to its volatility, low stability under acid environments, and low aqueous solubility. To address these limitations, we developed and characterized BCP-loaded nanoemulsions as a nanocarrier system to improve stability and bioavailability. A systematic, quantitative approach was employed to determine the optimal hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) for surfactants used in formulation, yielding an optimal range between 12.0 and 14.5. Ternary phase diagrams revealed that nanoemulsions could be obtained under high water content (>70%), low oil content (<10%), and minimal surfactant concentration. Nevertheless, colloidal stability experiments indicated that a co-surfactant was needed to avoid coalescence. In this context, nanoemulsions incorporating 6–8% BCP showed high encapsulation efficiency (>90%) and exhibited kinetic stability for up to 90 days, as confirmed by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and visual inspection. Notably, BCP evaporation was significantly reduced in optimized formulations. These findings highlight the critical role of tailored surfactant selection in nanoemulsion stability and offer valuable insights into the design of stable, scalable nanoformulations for hydrophobic phytochemicals.
Peer Review #3 of "Nurhachius luei, a new istiodactylid pterosaur (Pterosauria, Pterodactyloidea) from the Early Cretaceous Jiufotang Formation of Chaoyang City, Liaoning Province (China) and comments on the Istiodactylidae (v0.1)"

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

A new istiodactylid pterosaur, Nurhachius luei sp.nov., is here reported based on a complete skull with mandible and some cervical vertebrae from the lower part of the Jiufotang Formation of western Liaoning (China).This is the second species of Nurhachius, the type-species being N. ignaciobritoi from the upper part of the Jiufotang Formation.A revised diagnosis of the genus Nurhachius is provided, being this taxon characterized by the presence of a slight dorsal deflection of the palatal anterior tip, which is homoplastic with the Anhangueria and Cimoliopterus.
Mother Knows Best?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract This chapter utilizes a critical maternal theory to examine rape politics and, particularly, children born from forced sex, focusing on the 2017 UK “rape clause.” The UK Conservative new tax credit policy limits parents to claim and receive benefits for only two children, as part of new austerity measures, except under extenuating circumstances, for example, if a child had been “conceived without consent.” This is colloquially known as the “rape clause.” By unpacking this policy, this chapter highlights the tension between the state, as the patriarchal caregiver, and the citizen, constructed as an inadequate carer. These patterns of power are visible through the lens of critical maternal ethics. This lens’s strength in moral epistemology, obtained by valuing the virtues of care, is crucial in communicating how these moral boundaries are constructed and permitted through power hierarchies. Therefore, this chapter argues that a critical maternal theory can act as resistance against masculine policies by uncovering these moral boundaries that legitimize rape politics, such as the “rape clause.”
Complications after modular-neck total hip arthroplasty: the poor clinical impact of imaging follow-up

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Poster: ECR 2018 / C-0876 / Complications after modular-neck total hip arthroplasty: the poor clinical impact of imaging follow-up by: G. Como, D. Iuri, F. Greco , E. Di Benedetto, P. Di Benedetto, R. Girometti, A. causero, C. Zuiani; Udine/IT
Semi-automatic 3-D segmentation of Computed Tomographic imagery by iterative gradient-driven volume growing

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We propose a novel gradient driven methodology for three dimensional (3-D) segmentation of Computed Tomographic (CT) imagery. Our approach begins interactively where-in a user marks a set of voxels within the cross-section of a Sub-Volume Of Interest (SVOI), using a single slice of the CT volume. Subsequently, a 3-D gradient detection scheme is utilized to determine the radiodensity variations across the volume. The resultant gradient information is employed in an iterative volume growing procedure, which is initiated at voxels with small gradient magnitudes adjoining the user-selected voxels and culminates at voxels with large gradient magnitudes, to arrive at the final 3-D segmentation result of the SVOI. The aforementioned method was tested on multiple studies and the results show favorable performance against a state-of-the-art technique.
The role of serotonin in ephedrine-induced stereotypy and hypermotility.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The influence of serotonin agents on stereotypy and hypermotility induced with ephedrine was studied. P-Chlorophenylalanine (PCPA), an inhibitor of serotonin synthesis, had no influence on stereotypy. In reserpinized animals, this reaction was intensified only after high doses of ephedrine (100 and 120 mg/kg), but the precursor of 5-HT synthesis, tryptophan, strongly antagonized stereotypy. Ephedrine-induced hypermotility in mice and rats was potentiated by PCPA. It is suggested that serotonin ephedrine-induced effects, similarly to previous observations with amphetamine.
Amplitude modulation of audible sounds by non-audible sounds: Understanding the effects of wind turbine noise

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Our research has suggested a number of mechanisms by which low-frequency noise could bother individuals living near wind turbines: causing endolymphatic hydrops, exciting subconscious pathways, and amplitude modulation of audible sounds. Here we focus on the latter mechanism, amplitude modulation. We measured single-auditory-nerve fiber responses to probe tones at their characteristic frequency in cats. A 50 Hz tone, which did not cause an increase in spontaneous firing rate (i.e., was not audible to the fiber when presented alone) was used to amplitude modulate responses to the probe tone. We found that as probe frequency decreased, a lower level of the low-frequency non-audible tone was needed to achieve criterion amplitude modulation. In other words, low-frequencies that are coded in the cochlear apex require less low-frequency sound pressure level to be amplitude modulated as compared to higher-frequencies that are coded in the cochlear base. This finding was validated, and extended to lower frequencies, by amplitude modulating gross measures of onset-synchronous (compound action potentials) and phase-synchronous (auditory nerve overlapped waveforms) in guinea pigs. Our results suggest that that infrasound generated by wind turbines may cause amplitude modulation of audible sounds, which is often the basis for complaints from those living near wind turbines.
Spatiotemporal Evolution Patterns and Driving Factors of Synergistic Development of Culture, Sports, and Tourism Industries: The Case Study of China

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Synergistic development of the culture, sports, and tourism industries is an emerging trend in China, providing new formats for industrial evolution and fresh momentum for industrial upgrading. Therefore, building a robust framework to evaluate the synergistic development is relevant to China’s economic and social development. This study used a coupling coordination model to calculate the coupling coordination degree of the three industries, for 31 provinces in China from 2013 to 2017. Subsequently, it employed spatial autocorrelation techniques and GeoDetector to identify factors affecting the synergistic development from global and local perspectives before discussing the driving mechanisms. The results showed that (1) the synergistic development of the three industries was generally stable with a slight imbalance. (2) The development level varied across regions. The general spatial pattern was low in northeastern and western China, stable and average in the central region, and high in the eastern region. (3) The synergistic development has a prominent “proximity dependence” effect reflected by a notable spatial agglomeration feature and positive spatial autocorrelation trend and (4) twenty-one indicators of six driving factors (industrial pulling force, population supporting force, consumer purchasing power, transportation pushing force, resource attraction force, and economic driving force) affected the synergistic development.
Mechanisms leading to recruitment inhibition of giant kelp Macrocystis pyrifera by an understory alga

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The forest-forming giant kelp Macrocystis pyrifera and the communities it supports have been decreasing across their native ranges in many parts of the world. The sudden removal of giant kelp canopies by storms increases space and light for the colonization by understory macroalgae, such as Desmarestia herbacea, which can inhibit M. pyrifera recovery and alter local community composition. Understanding the mechanisms by which algae such as D. herbacea interact with M. pyrifera can provide insight into patterns of kelp forest recovery following these disturbances and can aid in predicting future community structure. This study experimentally tested the independent and combined effects of two likely competitive mechanisms by which D. herbacea might inhibit recovery of M. pyrifera in the Point Loma kelp forest in San Diego, California (USA). Specifically, we conducted field experiments to study the individual and combined effects of shade and scour by D. herbacea on the survival of M. pyrifera microscopic life stages, and the recruitment, survival, and growth of its young sporophytes. Our results show that scour had the strongest negative effect on the survival of M. pyrifera microscopic life stages and recruitment, but shade and scour both adversely affected survival and growth of these sporophytes as they grew larger. Canopy-removing storms are increasing in frequency and intensity, and this change could facilitate the rise of understory species, like D. herbacea , which might alter community succession and recovery of kelp forests.
Draft Genome Sequence of Listeria monocytogenes Strain LI0521 (syn. HPB7171), Isolated in 1983 during an Outbreak in Massachusetts Caused by Contaminated Cheese

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Listeria monocytogenes , a pathogenic food-borne bacterium, is the causative agent of both sporadic and outbreak cases of human listeriosis. Here, we present the genome sequence of L. monocytogenes reference strain LI0521, isolated during an outbreak involving contaminated cheese, which has been used as the model during several proteomic studies.
A Hidden Agenda

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

: This paper unveils and motivates an ambitious programme of hidden algebraic research in software engineering, beginning with our general goals, continuing with an overview of results, and including some future plans. Selected literature on concurrency and the object paradigm is reviewed, and a new perspective on nondeterminism is developed. The main contribution is powerful hidden coinduction techniques for proving behavioral correctness of concurrent systems; several mechanical proofs are given using OBJ3. We also show how modularization, bisimulation, transition systems, concurrency and combinations of the functional, constraint, logic and object paradigms fit into hidden algebra. 1 Introduction The initial goal of our hidden research was both straightforward and ambitious: (A1) To give a semantics for software engineering, and for the object paradigm in particular, supporting correctness proofs that are as simple and mechanical as possible. This emphasis on the effectiveness of...