jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Mobile posture monitoring system to prevent physical health risk of smartphone users

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

With the widespread use of a smartphone, users tend to use their smartphone for a long period of time in unhealthy postures; bending forward the neck and watching the relatively small screen closely with concentration. If users keep such unhealthy postures for a long time, they are susceptible to musculoskeletal disorders and eye problems such as cervical disc and myopia, respectively. To prevent users from having these diseases, we propose a new methodology to monitor the posture of smartphone users with built-in sensors. The proposed mechanism estimates various values representing user postures like the tilt angle of the neck, viewing distance, and gaze condition of the user, by analyzing sensor data from a front-faced camera, 3-axis accelerometer, orientation sensor, or any combination thereof, and warns the user if estimated values are maintained within the abnormal range over the allowed time. Via the proposed mechanism, users are able to be aware of their unhealthy postures, and then try to correct their postures.
Mitochondrial Channels: Ion Fluxes and More

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The field of mitochondrial ion channels has recently seen substantial progress, including the molecular identification of some of the channels. An integrative approach using genetics, electrophysiology, pharmacology, and cell biology to clarify the roles of these channels has thus become possible. It is by now clear that many of these channels are important for energy supply by the mitochondria and have a major impact on the fate of the entire cell as well. The purpose of this review is to provide an up-to-date overview of the electrophysiological properties, molecular identity, and pathophysiological functions of the mitochondrial ion channels studied so far and to highlight possible therapeutic perspectives based on current information.
J-Integral Analyses of Plates and Shells with through Wall Cracks

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

貫通き裂を有するかく構造物のき裂前縁に沿ったJ値の分布は,三次元中実要素を用いて解析しているのが現状である.しかしこの方法は,データ準備および計算の実行において多くの時間を必要とする.この点の改良のため,本朴では三次元中実要素より縮大した8節点かく要素を,任意形状の構造物に対して容易に適用できるように改良する.さらに,この要素を用いてき裂前縁に沿ったJ値分布(線形)の評価法を提案する.
P118 Procalcitonin can reduce antibiotic usage in patients with suspected respiratory infections in an acute respiratory service

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<sec><st>Introduction</st> Procalcitonin (PCT) guidance can help safely decrease antibiotic exposure in patients with suspected or confirmed respiratory infections.1 Its use however across UK hospitals remains limited. We set out to see if utilising it in an acute respiratory service will aid consultant decision making and reduce unnecessary antibiotic usage. </sec> <sec><st>Methods</st> A case series of 222 patients with suspected respiratory infections were consecutively included over 3 months. Their records where examined retrospectively. A PCT result of <0.25 µg/L would have suggested no potential need for antibiotics. </sec> <sec><st>Results</st> <l type="unord"><li> 75 patients (34%) with a COPD exacerbation; 45 (20%) a lower respiratory tract infection; 34 (15%) community acquired pneumonia; 17 (8%) asthma exacerbation; 13 (6%) Hospital acquired pneumonia; 11 (5%) Exacerbation of bronchiectasis; 10 (4%) aspiration pneumonia; 17 (8%) with other conditions, not a primary respiratory infection. </li><li> 172 patients (77%) had a PCT of<0.25 µg/L and 50 (23%)≥0.25 µg/L. </li><li> In 96 patients (56%) with a low PCT, consultants decided not to prescribe antibiotics: stopped in 56 (33%) and not started in 40 (23%). </li><li> In 76 patients (44%) the consultant prescribed antibiotics: continued in 32 (19%); started in 28 (16%) and in 16 (9%) switched to another antibiotic. </li><li> Bronchiectasis and Aspiration pneumonia patients were more likely to get Antibiotics despite low PCT, 6 patients in both groups (54%) and (60%) respectively. </li><li> Lower respiratory tract infections and Hospital acquired pneumonia patients were less likely to be given antibiotics if the PCT was low, 9 patients (20%) in the first group and 3 (23%) in the second. </li><li> In Patients with a PCT level≥0.25 µg/L 45 (90%) received antibiotics. </li></l> </sec> <sec><st>Conclusion</st> Low levels of Procalcitonin can reduce antibiotic usage in patients admitted with respiratory infections. This could have an effect on reducing the risk of antimicrobial resistance and costs associated with antibiotic prescriptions. Apprehension remains among respiratory physicians in utilising it as expressed in the number of patients who had antibiotics despite low PCT levels. The validation of the test in conditions like Bronchiectasis and aspiration pneumonia requires further evidence. <fig loc="float" id="F1"><no>Abstract P118 Figure 1</no> <link locator="P118F001"></fig> </sec> <sec><st>Reference</st> <l type="ord"><li> Christ-Crain M, et al. Lancet2004;363:600–7. </li></l> </sec>
Developing an Attack Model for compromising Privacy over Secure Connection Protocols

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Nowadays with the advancement in the IoT, Man-In-The-Middle (MITM) attack is classified as one of the major concerns for network security experts since it is very hard to detect. It directly affects the data being transmitted - through the network- between the endpoints, its secrecy, and reliability. Besides, the adversary can reveal much sensitive information, such as Social Network credentials, websites, and images being browsed by the victim who may not be able to notice that he/she is under attack. MITM can run over secure connections ( using secure protocols like HTTPS) which make it classified as one of the most dangerous and challenging attacks. In the literature, many researchers have proved that MITM attack invoke the integrity of data if HTTP protocol was used, and users' privacy can be revealed. In this research, we prove that users' privacy can be revealed even though a secure connection protocol (HTTPS was used). Firstly, we survey MITM attack, ARPs Spoofing, and prevention mechanisms. Then, we explain how to perform MITM attack, and gather transmitted data from the user. Finally, we analyze the collected data and show how the adversary can obtain victim's private information from the analyzed data.
Virtual Café: Equitizing Online Learning within Active and Meaningful Community of Learning in the EFL Content Subjects

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Emergency remote learning has led students and teachers to interact in distance by the involvement of media, platforms and learning strategies within a full virtual learning community.This study aims to investigate community of online learning in the E-learning class and how this can humanise the online learning.There are 26 students of Post-Graduate Program of a teacher training University in Bali involved in this mixed methods study.The data were gathered from Virtual Café using observation checklist and an interview guide.The checklist for observation was developed in three aspects of Community of Inquiry; Cognitive Presence, Teaching Presence, and Social Presence.Those presences are identified as quantitative data which then supported by an interview that combined 6 aspects of Humanising Online Learning; a liquid syllabus, adaptive teaching, visual and dynamic homepage, asynchronous video communications, asynchronous video discussions, and wisdom wall as qualitative data.The study revealed that students' posts and comments are categorised into life experiences, interests, and trending issues which lead them to have a community of online learning and feel humanised.The use of Virtual Café has facilitated the students to learn comfortably by not feeling left out in the content subject virtual class since it keeps engaging them to participate in interesting ways while being humane.This study implies that active, effective, and humanised online learning can be optimally carried out by considering all learning aspects as one community within humanised learning ecosystem.
Combinations of Fourth-Order Elastic Constants of Fused Quartz

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

An evaluation of experiments already performed shows that three equations involving the four fourth-order room-temperature elastic stiffnesses of fused quartz have been determined. They are: C111−1.4C1112+0.34C1122+0.23C1123=(5.5±3.5)×1012N/m2C1111+4C1112+2C1122+2C1123=(55±10)×1012N/m2C1111+2C1112−3C1123=(−0.9±0.6)×1012N/m2.
Suppresing effect of substance Preceptor antagonist on sound evoked potentials recorded from the guinea pig cochlea

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

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Why Rationality May Be a Consequence of Hume's Theory of Choice

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Facing R. Sugden's criticism of our interpretation, it is shown in this paper that rationality appears as a possible consequence of Hume's theory of choice. We first argue that Sugden's dismissal of the preference relation from the type of rationality through which Hume's theory is apprehended, is highly disputable, from the point of view of both standard choice theory and Hume's theory of passions. Nonetheless, Sugden's criterion of rationality might be restated in Humean terms as a condition of non-revision of preferences in the dynamics of passions. But, since the process of choice that we have described explicitly takes into account the revision of preferences, and shows that, when this last is no longer required, rationality occurs as an outcome of this process, it is not really concerned by Sugden's criticism.
Supplemental material for "Method of Manufactured Solutions Code Verification of Elastostatic Solid Mechanics Problems in a Commercial Finite Element Solver"

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Analysis notebook (Jupyter/Python) and ABAQUS input files for:
Aycock, K. I., Rebelo, N., and Craven, B. A. Method of Manufactured Solutions Code Verification of Elastostatic Solid Mechanics Problems in a Commercial Finite Element Solver. Submitted to Computers and Structures (2019).
Cost-Effectiveness of Pain Management Services for Chronic Low Back Pain: A Systematic Review of Published Studies

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract

Background: Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is a highly prevalent condition that has substantial impact on patients, the healthcare system and society. Pain management services (PMS), which aim to address the complex nature of back pain, are recommended in clinical practice guidelines to manage CLBP. Although the effectiveness of such services has been widely investigated in relation to CLBP, the quality of evidence underpinning the use of these services remains moderate. Therefore the aim is to summarize and critically appraise the current evidence for the cost effectiveness of pain management services for managing chronic back pain. Methods: Electronic searches were conducted in MEDLINE, EMBASE and PsycINFO from their inception to February 2019. Full economic evaluations undertaken from any perspective conducted alongside randomized clinical trials (RCTs) or based on decision analysis models were included. Cochrane Back Review Group (CBRG) risk assessment and the Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards (CHEERS) checklist were used to assess the methodological quality of eligible studies. Results: Five studies fulfilled eligibility criteria. The interventions varied significantly between studies in terms of the number and types of treatment modalities, intensity and the duration of the program. Interventions were compared with either standard care, which varied according to the country and the setting; or to surgical interventions. Three studies showed that pain management services are cost effective, while two studies showed that these services are not cost effective. In this review, three out of five studies had a high risk of bias based on the design of the randomised controlled trials (RCTs). In addition, there were limitations in the statistical and sensitivity analyses in the economic evaluations. Therefore, the results from these studies need to be interpreted with caution. Conclusion Pain management services may be cost effective for the management of low back pain. However, this systematic review highlights the variability of evidence supporting pain management services for patients with back pain. This is due to the quality of the published studies and the variability of the setting, interventions, comparators and outcomes.
Performance of Perovskite‐Type Oxides as Oxygen‐Carrier Materials for Chemical Looping Combustion in the Presence of H2S

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract In this study, the redox behavior and the effect of the presence of sulfur on the performance of the CaTi x Mn 0.9− x Mg 0.1 O 3 perovskite‐type system were investigated. A detailed thermodynamic and thermogravimetric approach combined with post‐characterization was utilized. Ti doping positively influenced the reduction reaction rate and broadened the operation window of the oxygen carrier material (OCM) to lower temperatures. Although sulfur accumulation during the chemical looping with oxygen uncoupling conditions was thermodynamically inevitable owing to sulfate formation, deep redox cycles were shown to remove the accumulated sulfur from the OCM after the sour cycles. Post‐characterization by scanning electron microscopy and sulfur mapping confirmed the effectiveness of this treatment.
The World In Pictures: Aesthetics And Visual Culture In The Art Classroom

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The intent of this thesis is to present an argument for the inclusion of aesthetics and the aesthetics of visual culture within the art education curriculum. Technological advancement has created an age of unprecedented dependence on visual imagery; the pervasive (and sometimes misleading) visual culture of contemporary society affects the way in which individuals understand and relate to their world. The study of the aesthetics of visual culture can impact values within society and culture through the formation of self-identity, maintaining culture, and instituting cultural changes. An engaging visual arts program that builds upon students' lived experiences may be the best possibility for educators to encourage creativity and critical thinking skills in their students.
Incorporating Background Invariance into Feature-Based Object Recognition

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Current feature-based object recognition methods use information derived from local image patches. For robustness, features are engineered for invariance to various transformations, such as rotation, scaling, or affine warping. When patches overlap object boundaries, however, errors in both detection and matching will almost certainly occur due to inclusion of unwanted background pixels. This is common in real images, which often contain significant background clutter, objects which are not heavily textured, or objects which occupy a relatively small portion of the image. We suggest improvements to the popular Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) which incorporate local object boundary information. The resulting feature detection and descriptor creation processes are invariant to changes in background.We call this method the Background and Scale Invariant Feature Transform (BSIFT).We demonstrate BSIFT’s superior performance in feature detection and matching on synthetic and natural image
PMO-088 A large proportion of colorectal tumour-infiltrating CD4+ T cells are suppressive irrespective of FOXP3 expression

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction The presence of increased numbers of CD3 + T cells in colorectal cancer (CRC) correlates with improved prognosis. However, it is difficult to measure anti-tumour responses in tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) suggesting these cells are suppressed. Although we have demonstrated CD4 + Foxp3 + regulatory T cells (Tregs) within the tumour and its stroma, the numbers are often low. We sought to identify phenotypic and functional characteristics of CD4 + Foxp3 − T cells to determine whether other regulatory populations exist within this environment. Methods Tumour samples were obtained from CRC patients with different stages of malignancy. Fixed tumour samples were examined by immunofluoresence for CD3, CD8 and FoxP3. TILs from fresh tumour tissue were stained with a panel of 20 antibodies (including Helios, LAG-3, LAP) and examined by FACS. Results Histology revealed tumours to be infiltrated by CD4 + , CD8 + and Foxp3 + positive cells. Despite an increase in CD4 + and CD8 + T cells in advanced tumours, there was not always a concomitant increase in Foxp3 + cells. Flow cytometry revealed the majority of the Treg fraction was Helios + (indicating thymically-derived) and expressed higher levels of CTLA-4 and CD39 than Tregs from colon and blood. However, 30% of “conventional” CD4 + Foxp3 − T cells express markers associated with Tregs including LAP (latency-associated peptide), LAG-3 and CD25 and were highly suppressive in vitro. Conclusion Tumour-infiltrating CD4 + T cells are heterogeneous. A high percentage of these cells appear to have a regulatory function and include both Foxp3 + as well as FoxP3 − T cells. Overcoming the suppressive environment of CRC is a major challenge for boosting anti-tumour immunity. Competing interests None declared.
Inhibition of Smad3 promotes the healing of rotator cuff injury in a rat model

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract To investigate the effect of inhibiting transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β1)/Smad2/3 signaling on rotator cuff (RC) healing. A bilateral supraspinatus tendon detachment‐repair model of Sprague‐Dawley (SD) rats was utilized. A total of 120 SD rats were randomly assigned to six groups and each group received the subacromial injection of normal saline, empty vectors, or lentiviral vectors containing small interfering RNA against TGF‐β1, Smad2, Smad3 at the bone‐tendon junction. Biomechanical and histological analyses were performed to evaluate bone‐tendon junction healing quality at 8 weeks after repair. Histologically, scar healing was found in all surgical groups. Animals with inhibited Smad3 exhibited better bone‐tendon junction structures with higher density, parallel orientation, and collagen fiber continuity than other surgical group animals. Immunohistochemistry revealed that the protein expression level of collagen I in animals with inhibited Smad3 was more prominent compared with all other surgical groups. Biomechanically, Animals with inhibited Smad3 showed better results in the maximum load at 4, 6, and 8 weeks after surgery compared with other surgical groups. Besides, C3H10T1/2 (Smad3−) cells increased TT‐D6 cell migration and tendon‐associated genes expression (scleraxis, tenascin C, collagen I) in coculture system. We conclude that inhibition of Smad3 promotes RC tendon healing in the rat supraspinatus model.
Standard versus Reduced CDK4/6 Inhibitor Therapy in Elderly Patients with Metastatic Hormone Receptor‐Positive, HER2‐Negative Breast Cancer: An Observational Multicenter Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background CDK4/6 inhibitors are the standard of care for HR+/HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer in combination with endocrine therapy. However, the real-world efficacy and safety of standard versus reduced doses in elderly patients remain unclear. This study aims to compare the clinical outcomes of standard versus reduced doses of CDK4/6 inhibitors in elderly patients with metastatic breast cancer. Methods This multicenter retrospective cohort study included 158 patients aged ≥70 years diagnosed with HR+/HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer who received either standard or reduced doses of CDK4/6 inhibitors (Ademaciclib, Ribociclib, Palbociclib) as first-line therapy. Progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and adverse events (AEs) were evaluated. PFS and OS were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method, and comparisons between groups were performed using the log-rank test. Results Of the total population, 108 patients (68.4%) received the standard dose, and 50 patients (31.6%) received a reduced dose. The standard dose group had significantly longer median PFS compared to the reduced dose group (21.3 vs. 15.2 months, p = 0.014), while median OS did not differ significantly (37.2 vs. 37.2 months, p = 0.103). Subgroup analyses revealed no significant differences in PFS or OS between standard and reduced doses for Ademaciclib and Ribociclib, while Palbociclib at standard dose showed superior PFS (21.9 vs. 12.7 months, p = 0.029) and OS (50.5 vs. 28.6 months, p = 0.026). The incidence of Grade 2-4 AEs was higher in the standard dose group (74.2% vs. 56.8%, p = 0.044). Conclusions Dose reduction of CDK4/6 inhibitors, particularly Ademaciclib and Ribociclib, is a viable option in elderly patients, maintaining comparable OS outcomes to standard dosing while reducing the risk of adverse events. Palbociclib at standard dose may offer superior outcomes. These findings support personalized dosing strategies to optimize efficacy and tolerability in frail or elderly patients.
Roles of IL-1beta in therapy-induced inflammation triggered by cisplatin in oral squamous cell carcinoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective This study aimed to investigate the roles of interleukin-1β( IL-1β) in therapy-induced inflammation induced by cisplatin in xenograft model of oral squamous cell carcinoma( OSCC). Methods Human tongue squamous cell carcinoma cell line CAL27 was inoculated into nude mice. Mice were randomly separated into 2 groups( n =5),one group were intraperitoneally injected with normal saline served as control while the other group were injected with cisplatin( 2 mg /kg /4 days) for about two weeks. The expression of IL-1β and its downstream factor,vascular endothelial cell growth factor( VEGF),in tumors were detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction( RTPCR) and immunehistochemistry( IHC) assay. Results Both IL-1β and VEGF expression were up-regulated in tumor tissue after treatment with cisplatin in mRNA and protein level( P 0. 05). Conclusion IL-1β was involved in therapyinduced inflammation triggered by cisplatin. It enlarged the inflammation effect by up-regulating its downstream effector VEGF. These results suggested inflammation factors,which might alter the outcome of the chemotherapy should be aware of during clinical practice.
"Horizontal Bone Augmentation with the Cortical Lamina Technique: A Case Report"

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Edoardo Foce and Roberto Rossi* Author Affiliations Torre San Vincenzo 2, 16121 Genova, Italy Received: April 19, 2021 | Published: April 27, 2021 Corresponding author: Roberto Rossi, Torre San Vincenzo, Genova, Italy DOI: 10.26717/BJSTR.2021.35.005693