jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Altered neutrophil immunophenotypes in childhood B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

An increasing number of evidences suggest a genetic predisposition in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) that might favor the occurrence of the driver genetic alterations. Such genetic background might also translate into phenotypic alterations of residual hematopoietic cells. Whether such phenotypic alterations are present in bone marrow (BM) cells from childhood B-cell precursor (BCP)-ALL remains to be investigated. Here we analyzed the immunophenotypic profile of BM and peripheral blood (PB) maturing/matured neutrophils from 118 children with BCP-ALL and their relationship with the features of the disease. Our results showed altered neutrophil phenotypes in most (77%) BCP-ALL cases. The most frequently altered marker was CD10 (53%), followed by CD33 (34%), CD13 (15%), CD15/CD65 (10%) and CD123 (7%). Of note, patients with altered neutrophil phenotypes had younger age (p = 0.03) and lower percentages of BM maturing neutrophils (p = 0.004) together with greater BM lymphocyte (p = 0.04), and mature B-cell (p = 0.03) counts. No significant association was found between an altered neutrophil phenotype and other disease features. These findings point out the potential existence of an altered residual hematopoiesis in most childhood BCP-ALL cases.
Challenges Associated With HR Analytics With Special Focus on Indian Firms

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

HR analytics is becoming increasingly important for organizations to manage their workforce effectively and make data-driven decisions. Several studies have explored the current state of HR analytics in organizations, their challenges, and the emerging trends in the field. In fact, 71% of companies see people analytics as a high priority in their organizations. In this chapter, initially, the authors will focus on the emergence of HR analytics and the current form of it. Then, the chapter will focus more on the challenges associated with the integration of analytics in the organisations This chapter can help Indian HR professionals and researchers stay up-to-date with the current state and latest trends in the field. Furthermore, this chapter can highlight the challenges associated in various forms and shapes and how they can handle these challenges. This can further improve their decision-making and drive business outcomes positively.
The Israeli Military and the Origins of the 1967 War

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This new book looks at the relationship between the Israeli armed forces, the government, and the origins of the 1967 War. Ami Gluska discusses the effect of the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) on Israel's defense policy between 1963-1967 against the backdrop of the developments in the Middle East. In addition, he describes in detail the decision-making process leading to the Arab-Israeli Six Day War in June 1967 through the prism of the relations between the military and political echelons. He shows how the Six Day War was a watershed event in the Middle-Eastern conflict and had a profound effect on the development of the Palestinian problem and the character of the State of Israel over the past four decades. This book will be of great interest to students of Middle Eastern politics, strategic studies, Israeli politics and military history in general.
The Time Dimension

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract Most animals live in the immediate here and now, but humans have a greatly extended awareness of past and future. Being able to imagine various future outcomes, including how present actions would produce them, and to use those thoughts as input into current action, is an important increase in freedom. Another advantage of the human awareness of time is being able to understand oneself and one’s actions in narrative form: The present action is part of a story, with meaningful relations to both past and future. Free will enables the pursuit of enlightened self-interest, especially doing what will be best in the long run even if it is not the most appealing in the immediate present.
Effect of Alkaline Concentration and Temperature on Lignin Extraction from Sugarcane Bagasse

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) is used in various applications, including the production of raw sugar, to be consumed, either directly as food or sugarcane juice. It is reported that 1 ton of sugarcane would generate nearly 280 kg of bagasse and they would be burnt up and leads to air pollution. In fact, sugarcane bagasse contains high lignin content, having Ultraviolet (UV) protection properties. The objective of this study is to determine the best concentration of sodium hydroxide and temperature to extract high yield of lignin for UV protection properties. In this project, sugarcane bagasse is collected from hawker stall in Taman Universiti, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia. The lignin composition in sugarcane bagasse was analyzed, giving 16.7± 4.8 wt% of sugarcane bagasse. Alkali extraction of sugarcane bagasse has been carried out by using different concentration of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) (2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, 10%) and temperatures (60 °C, 80 °C, 100 °C, 120 °C, 140 °C) in water bath at a fixed time, 1 hour. According to the experiment conducted, the best condition is 10% NaOH concentration, temperature of 100 °C for 1 hour, as the highest yield of lignin can be extracted, which is 55.8±1.92 wt%, with a purity of 28.1±10.75%. Ultraviolet protection properties of lignin had been analyzed by determining the Sun Protection Factor (SPF). It was done by blending different concentration of lignin into a base cream. The SPF achieved for 5% lignin-blended cream was 4.76 and for 10% lignin-blended cream was 5.78 respectively.
Aerobic Physical Activity and the Leadership of Principals

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to explore if there was a connection between regular aerobic physical activity and the stress and energy levels of principals as they reported it. The current aerobic physical activity level of principals was discovered. Energy and stress levels of principals who engage in aerobic physical activity, and those who do not, were determined. A survey administered via e-mail was distributed to a national sample of those in Center for Educational Improvement (CEI). The data were analyzed using frequencies and percentages, as well as chi square and t-tests. Findings revealed the majority of principals (65.7%, n = 73) did not engage in the recommended amount of aerobic physical activity and most principals (56.7%, n = 63) engage two days or less per week.
Advancements in extracellular vesicle therapy for neurodegenerative diseases

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Neurodegenerative diseases represent a significant and growing challenge to public health worldwide. Current therapeutic strategies often fall short in halting or reversing disease progression, highlighting the urgent need for novel approaches. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have garnered attention as potential therapeutic agents due to their role in intercellular communication and their ability to transport bioactive cargo, including proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the biology of EVs, their involvement in neurodegenerative diseases, and the potential for EV-based therapies. We discuss the different types of EVs, their biogenesis, and their cargo composition, emphasizing their relevance to neurological processes such as protein misfolding, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress. Preclinical studies investigating EVs as carriers of therapeutic cargo and their ability to promote neuronal survival and regeneration are examined, with a focus on evidence from animal models of neurodegenerative disorders. We explore the use of EVs in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, including ongoing clinical trials, methods for EV isolation and modification, and future perspectives on personalized EV-based therapies designed to meet the unique needs of individual patients. Overall, this review highlights the potential of EVs as a promising avenue for neurodegenerative disease therapy, while also addressing key research gaps and translational hurdles that need to be overcome for their successful clinical implementation.
Investigating the Primate Prefrontal Cortex Correlates of Cognitive Deficits In the Ketamine Model of Schizophrenia

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The World Health Organization has classified schizophrenia as one of the five leading causes of disability worldwide. Afflicting almost 1% of the world’s population, the disease’s greatest impact stems from its reduction in patients’ cognitive faculties. In order to better study these impairments, a pharmacological model has been developed using the NMDA antagonist, ketamine. This disease model successfully recreates the cognitive dysfunction of schizophrenia, allowing researchers to search for associated electrophysiological changes.\nIn this project I examined the behavioural and neurophysiological effects of ketamine on non-human primates performing the anti-saccade task. Success in this task requires a degree of cognitive control over behaviour and previous studies have described poor performance in both patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls administered ketamine. Our intracranial recordings are localized in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), a region associated with many of the cognitive functions impaired in schizophrenia.\nThe first study shows that neurons in the PFC exhibit selectivity for the task rule. This rule selectivity is lost after ketamine administration due to an indiscriminate increase in the neuronal firing rate. These changes were also associated with an increased error rate and longer reaction times. The second study shows that neurons in the PFC are also sensitive to the outcome of the trial, firing more for either correct or erroneous responses. Once again, selectivity is lost following ketamine administration and the neurons show increased, nonspecific activity. Lastly, we recorded the local field potential of the PFC and found changes in the oscillatory patterns during the anti-saccade task. Prior to ketamine there was a significantly stronger beta-band activity after correct trials compared to error trials, but this selective activity was lost due to an overall decrease in the outcome selective oscillatory events.\nThese findings show that ketamine’s effect on the PFC is one of selectivity reduction. Patients with schizophrenia have been shown to require increased PFC activity but only reach moderate performance levels in cognitive challenges. It is possible that their brains suffer the same changes highlighted in this research. Although the signals are still present in their PFC, they are being lost amongst the noise.
Southern African rivers and fresh water resources within the context of the Anthropocene

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

This chapter examines specific challenges to river basin management using examples from southern Africa in general, and South Africa specifically. It is argued that southern African rivers are characterised by three significant factors: flood pulse, conversion of rainfall to runoff, and the impact of inter-basin transfers and dams. If the flood pulse is a critical driver of aquatic ecosystems in southern Africa, then the conversion of rainfall to runoff lies at the root of this phenomenon. Watersheds are the creation of natural processes over geological timescales in which major evolutionary adaptations occur. Cognizant of space limitations, the sewage dilemma arising from the fact that Johannesburg is upstream of all major drinking water storage dams, lies in an understanding of the risks associated with microcystin. Viewed in its totality, there is a strong case to be made that South African rivers are a classic example of the transition from the relatively steady-state Holocene to the unknown variability of the Anthropocene.
Developing the Skill of Associating Mathematics with Real Life Through Realistic Mathematics Education: An Action Research

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this study is to investigate how to improve middle school 6th grade students' skill of associating mathematics with real life through Realistic Mathematics Education, which was reinforced with educational games, to determine the problems possible to be encountered in practice, and how to solve these problems in details. This study, designed as an action research, was carried out in mathematics lessons with totally 25 sixth grade students studying at the first and second semesters of 2018-2019 academic year in an official public secondary school in Adana-Turkey. In the analysis of quantitative data, t-test was used for dependent samples, and inductive and descriptive analysis within the scope of content analysis were performed for analyzing the qualitative data. According to the results, it was determined that Realistic Mathematics Education reinforced with educational games was efficient on increasing the skill of associating mathematics with real life.
Civil Justice System

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This book provides an introduction to the legal system in Hong Kong. Understanding Hong Kong's legal system today requires both an understanding of the British origins of much of the laws and legal institutions as well as the uniquely Hong Kong developments in the application of the Basic Law under 'one country, two systems'. These features of the Hong Kong legal system are explored in this book, which takes into account developments in the two decades or so of the new legal framework in Hong Kong since the 1997 handover. In providing both an exposition of the legal institutions in Hong Kong and legal method under Hong Kong's legal system (including practical guidance and examples on case law, statutory interpretation and legal research), this book is ideal for first-year law students, students of other disciplines who study law and readers who have an interest in Hong Kong's unique legal system.
Disseminated Mycobacterium Simiae with Pelvic Malakoplakia in an AIDS Patient

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Malakoplakia in an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patient with disseminated Mycobacterium simiae infection presented with a large pelvic mass that caused organ dysfunction from mimicking a tumor. Malakoplakia is a rare, chronic granulomatous abnormal host response toward infectious agents, presenting as a tumor-like lesion. This is the first report of pelvic malakoplakia after disseminated M. simiae infection in an AIDS patient.
Dynamics of Military Rule in Black Africa

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This chapter focuses on the political pushes and pulls that will influence military regimes in sub-Saharan Africa during the latter half of the 1980s. The methodology that underlies what follows is simple. The chapter examines factors that impinge strongly upon the "typical" soldier-ruler and seem likely to persist into the future more or less as constants. The uniformed leader who has seized power in the typical sub-Saharan country will find himself at the helm of a leaky ship of state. Weak institutions, a sluggish economy, and a fractionated society characterize the domestic environment, while external forces, particularly global economic currents, exert an internal impact largely beyond the control of the government. The insecure soldier-politician will instead immediately attempt to surround himself with advisers who can be trusted, competence being a far lesser consideration than loyalty. Military capabilities are likely to sutler from the military ruler's efforts to keep potential challengers from developing power bases within the armed forces.
Multifunctional Organoboron Compounds and Boralactonate Salts

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Organoboron compounds have gathered an important significance within the chemistry community on account of their wide range of applications in synthesis, catalysis, and medicinal chemistry. Even though the uses of boron compounds in drug discovery have been overlooked until the last several decades, boronic acid containing molecules have garnered increased attention due to the unique chemical properties of the boron center. Boron-functionalized ��-aryl propionic acid non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug derivatives (bora-NSAIDs) can be accessed via copper(I)-catalyzed alkene boracarboxylation, using CO2 and B2pin2. To explore and expand the current synthetic and future medicinal chemistry applications of these bora-NSAIDs, methods to derivatize the boron center need to be developed. Here, boron containing ibuprofen (bora-ibuprofen) synthesis via benchtop copper(I)-catalyzed alkene boracarboxylation was developed. Transesterification and transamination strategies have been employed to deprotect boron pinacol ester group in bora-ibuprofen, to synthesize additional bora-ibuprofen derivatives and subsequently isolate ibuprofen lactone boronic acid. Boracarboxylated products can be further functionalized by reacting them with potassium bifluoride under mild reaction conditions to afford air and moisture stable difluoroboralactonate salts. These Difluoroborolactonate salts exhibited remarkable stability under both acidic and basic hydrolytic conditions.
Development and preliminary evaluation of a genetics education booklet for retinoblastoma

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Parents and survivors of retinoblastoma often hold misconceptions about the disease and desire more extensive and detailed information about its genetic nature. The aim of this study was to co‐develop and evaluate a genetic education booklet for retinoblastoma. Methods A human‐centered design approach was employed, in which the study team consulted with clinician and patient knowledge user groups to design, produce, and refine an educational booklet. Over three phases of consultation, the study team met with each knowledge user group to review booklet prototypes and collect feedback for its further refinement. A preliminary evaluation using quantitative and qualitative methods was completed with six mothers of children with retinoblastoma. Results The iterative, phased design process produced an educational booklet rich in images and stories, with complex genetic topics described in simplified terms. The preliminary evaluation showed an average improvement in knowledge between pre‐ and post‐test questionnaire of 10%. Participants were satisfied with content and comprehensiveness of the information included in the booklet. Conclusion A novel educational tool for families affected by retinoblastoma was developed through collaboration with health care and patient knowledge users. Preliminary evaluation results indicate it is feasible to implement and study the booklet in a prospective, pragmatic trial to evaluate its efficacy.
Investigating Veg(etari)an Men's Understandings of Masculinity

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Using focus group methods, this project examines six men’s experiences of becoming vegetarian and the unique interaction between two identities commonly assumed to be in conflict: vegetarianism and masculinity. Included in this report is an overview of the contemporary debates in gender theory, with specific attention paid to men and masculinity. Seen through the lens of poststructural gender theory and the notion of multiple masculinities, this report demonstrates how vegetarian men challenge, negotiate and assert themselves as men both within the dominant culture and within their own vegetarian communities. This project bridges two existing bodies of work poststructural gender theory and critical animal studies to bring a more nuanced and better-articulated critique of gender to existing studies of the relationship between meat and masculinity and to offer this examination of meat consumption and gender performance as an illustration of the valuable applications of poststructural gender theory within critical animal studies.
Complete Genome Sequence of the Pantoea Phage AH07

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Bacteriophages of the phyllosphere have not been extensively described, despite their role in bacterial communities on this plant organ. Here, we describe a temperate Pantoea phage, AH07, that was isolated from the leaves of horse chestnut trees. The 37,859-bp linear double-stranded DNA genome contains 58 putative genes, including an integration cassette.
Clinical Reasoning: A 26-year-old man with right hand and arm weakness

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A 26-year-old infantryman developed right hand and arm weakness while deployed to Iraq. Extension of the right second digit worsened over 2 weeks, followed by difficulty extending digits 3–5 over the following weeks. He reported muscle twitching in the right upper extremity over the same period, and that his thumb would lock or cramp in an opposed position during use. He denied pain, motor, or sensory symptoms in other extremities. Nine months prior, he sustained an injury while parachuting during airborne school, resulting in a concussion, headache, and neck and back pain, but no weakness.
An Alternative Method to Synthesize <em>N</em>,2,3-Trimethyl-2<em>H</em>-indazol-6-amine as a Key Component in the Preparation of Pazopanib

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Due to its application as an anti-cancer drug, pazopanib (1) has attracted the interest of many researchers and several studies on pazopanib synthesis have been reported over the years. This paper provides a novel route for synthesizing N,2,3-trimethyl-2H-indazol-6-amine (5) which is a crucial building block in the synthesis of pazopanib from 3-methyl-6-nitro-1H-indazole (6). By alternating between the reduction and two methylation steps compound 5 was obtained in comparable yield (55.0%) to what has been reported (54%). Noteworthy, the last step of N2-methylation also yielded N,N,2,3-tetramethyl-2H-indazol-6-amine (5’) as a new compound ever reported. Furthermore, the data presented in this paper can serve as instrumental for future research aimed at further refining the synthesis process of pazopanib.
The Low Cost Carrier Worldwide

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Contents: Preface Part I Introduction: Low-cost carrier - a worldwide phenomenon?!, Sven Gross, Michael Luck and Alexander Schroder. Part II Europe: Low-cost carriers in Western and Central Europe, Roland Conrady Low cost carriers in Eastern Europe, Borislav Bjelicic. Part III The Americas: Low cost carriers in the USA and Canada, Timothy M. Vowles and Michael Luck Low cost carriers in South America, Gui Lohmann and Gustavo Lipovich Low cost carriers in Mexico, Alexander O. Scherer Leibold, Yazmin Aguilar Lopez, Montserrat Flores Zozoaga and Brooke Porter. Part IV Asia and Oceania: Low cost carriers in Asia and the Pacific, Semisi Taumoepeau Low cost carriers in India, Tarun Shukla Low cost carriers in Australia and New Zealand, Michael Luck and Sven Gross. Part V Africa and the Middle East: Low cost carriers in Africa, Uwe P. Hermann and Marius Potgieter Low cost carriers in the Middle East, Andreas Wald. Part VI Conclusion: Conclusions: the future of low cost carriers, Markus Landvogt, Sven Gross and Michael Luck Appendices Index.