jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
trxB1 overexpression response to hydrogen peroxide stress in Lactobacillus plantarum WCFS1

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Two independent chemostat cultivations were performed for both wild type and trxB1 over-expression strain, NZ7602. Three hybridization experiments, all with the same hybridization scheme (see overall design), were performed with samples obtained from these chemostats before and after treatment with hydrogen peroxide (30 minutes 2.5 mM peroxide). Two of these experiments used samples obtained from the same fermentation. In each experiment three arrays were used. Per array two cDNA labeled targets were hybridized on custom designed L. plantarum WCFS1 11K Agilent oligo microarrays (GEO Acc. Nr. GPL4318) using the Agilent 60-mer oligo microarray processing protocol version 4.1. These microarrays contained an average of 3 probes per gene. Dried slides were scanned in the Scan Array Express (PerkinElmer Life Sciences; Packard Bioscience) at 10 microns. Spot intensity data was quantified (average intensity) in ImaGene version 5.0 (BioDiscovery, Inc., El Segundo, CA). Signal intensities of all probes were corrected against background and normalized by fitting a plot of M (= 2log [cy5 intensity/cy3 intensity]) against A (= 0.5 • 2log [cy5 intensity • cy3 intensity]) using the lowess algorithm in BASE [32]. The fold change (FC) is defined as 2M. For the statistical analysis we used microarray analysis of variation (R/maanova) [33] In this maanova test we used three variables: fermentation, treatment, and genotype. We tested the model taking into consideration the interaction between genotype and treatment. Significantly regulated genes were defined as genes whose nominal adjusted pvalues were less than 10% and a FC>1.5. The maanova test resulted only in two sets of interesting data because the interaction effect did not reveal significant changes in transcript levels. One dataset representing the transcripts affected as a result of the overproduction of TR and another set representing the transcripts affected due to oxidative stress. These two datasets were denominated genotype and hydrogen peroxide datasets respectively.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Receptor tyrosine kinases activate canonical WNT/β-catenin signaling via MAP kinase/LRP6 pathway and direct β-catenin phosphorylation.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Read the full review for this Faculty Opinions recommended article: Receptor tyrosine kinases activate canonical WNT/β-catenin signaling via MAP kinase/LRP6 pathway and direct β-catenin phosphorylation.
An unprecedent prevalence of palmoplantar warts among nursing students

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Skin diseases are common contributors to disease morbidity worldwide, particularly among adolescents. Although skin diseases are rarely lethal, they can have a significant impact in terms of treatment cost, absence from school, and psychological distress. Verruca vulgaris (cutaneous warts) is a common skin problem in adolescents that commonly affects the hands and feet. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of warts among nursing students.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods: </strong>Three hundred and twenty eight undergraduate degree students of nursing college were examined for skin conditions after an unprecedented sporadic visitors form the nursing college with palmo-plantar warts. The study was conducted at Sree Mookambika Institute of Medical Sciences, Kulasekharam, Kanyakumari district during the period of 20 March 2019 to 25 March 2019.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 328 students, 102 students (31%) remained healthy dermatologically. Seborrheic dermatitis was found among 145 students (4.4%), pediculosis was found in 40 students (12%). 34 students were having palmoplantar warts (10.4%). Among these, nearly 30 were having palmar warts and only 4 were having plantar and palmar warts. 83 first year students were not having any warts in their hands or foot, whereas 11 among 2nd year, 16 among 3rd year students and 7 among 4th year students were having viral warts. Prevalence was more among 2nd and 3rd year students.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Screening of hostel students should also include for the presence of viral skin disease like herpes simplex, Herpes zoster and HPV infections and they should be treated then and there to break the chain of transmission.</p>
Dark field photon scattering state measurements from bumps on a gold nanofilm

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract A dark and bright field (BF) imaging technique explored plasmonic phenomena arising from bumps on a gold nanofilm coated on a silica substrate. The study employs dark field (DF) polarization indirect microscopic imaging to investigate the scattering photon state and reveal the spatial distribution characteristics with distinct multipolar features, contrasting with those observed in the BF imaging configuration. Computational simulations utilizing the finite-difference time-domain method were conducted to understand this behaviour further and consider the experimental setup’s impact. The observations of varying multipolar scattering features with changes in the incident angle of the DF illumination suggest that the excitation of plasmonic effects differs for light beams incident at different angles.
Stress Induced Right Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction in Non-severe Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease - the Role of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Oxidative stress and inflammation have been implicated in the pathogenesis of diastolic dysfunction (DD) and are both present in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Our aim was to evaluate the role of 8-isoprostane, prostaglandin E2 and resistin for stress induced right ventricular DD (RVDD) in non-severe COPD. Methods: 104 patients with non-severe COPD (FEV1>50%) and preserved left ventricular ejection fraction >50% underwent cardio-pulmonary exercise testing (CPET). Echocardiography was performed before CPET and 1-2 minutes after peak exercise. Peak E/e’ ratio>6 was a marker for stress RVDD. To measure urine concentration of 8-isoprostanes, prostaglandine-E2 and plasma resistin levels mass spectrometry and ELISA were applied. Results: Patients were divided into two groups: with (82) and without stress RVDD (22). In subjects with and without RVDD the levels of 8-isoprostane were (30.78 vs 30.41μmol/l/cre, p-0.847); prostaglandin E2 - (49.73 vs 62. 19 μmol/l/cre, p-0.014); resistin plasma levels (18.91 vs 5.47ng/ml, p-0.027). Resistin and prostaglandine E2 correlated to stress RV E/e’, but were not independent indices for it. RAVI (cut-off 20.55 ml/m2; sensitivity 86%; specificity 86%), RVWT (cut-off 5.25 mm; sensitivity 100%; specificity 63%) and RV E/A at rest (cut-off 1.05; sensitivity 79.7%; specificity 90.5%) independently predicted stress RV E/e’ with the accuracy of 92%. Conclusions: Patients with stress RVDD demonstrate similar levels of oxidative stress. Prostaglandine E2 may have protective role in RV remodeling, while resistin plasma levels contribute to RVDD pathogenesis. RAVI, RVWT, RV E/A and RV E/e’ ratio at rest may be used as independent predictors for stress RVDD.
Mindfulness and Its Impact on Adaptive Coping and Psychological Well-Being: An Intervention for Undergraduate Students

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The concept of mindfulness has been shown to positively impact psychological well-being, and one application of mindfulness-based interventions has been the development and implementation of courses specifically for college students, a population that has been shown to be particularly vulnerable to the negative impacts of stress. While these interventions have displayed beneficial outcomes, the mechanisms of how mindfulness exerts its impact remain unclear. One potential mechanism of mindfulness’ enhancement of well-being may be through its cultivation of an adaptive coping style in which an individual becomes more likely to approach and investigate stressors rather than avoid them. In this study, an online mindfulness-based intervention for college students was developed and implemented. Course participants were assessed before and after the course to investigate the course’s impact on mindfulness, psychological well-being, and adaptive coping (defined as higher approach coping and lower avoidant coping scores), and to assess the potentially mediating role of adaptive coping in the relationship between mindfulness and psychological well-being. Results revealed significant increases in mindfulness and in one domain of psychological well-being (environmental mastery) following the course but did not reveal significant improvements in other well-being domains nor significant changes in adaptive coping. Therefore, the planned mediation analysis was not conducted. A post-hoc hierarchical regression analysis revealed significant relationships between mindfulness and adaptive coping in the hypothesized directions while controlling for participants’ scores before the course. This may indicate that participants who developed significantly in their capacity for mindfulness practice may indeed have demonstrated the impact upon adaptive coping hypothesized in this study. Future research should continue to investigate these potential changes and their impact on the often-stressful lives of college students.
Hypoplastic Breast Anomalies in the Female Adolescent Breast

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Hypoplastic breast anomalies remain a reconstructive challenge. In this article, the authors review the spectrum of nonsyndromic breast hypoplasia in the adolescent girl, namely idiopathic breast hypoplasia and tuberous breast deformity. Challenges specific to this population include (1) identifying the ideal timing for surgery, (2) choosing the optimal reconstructive method while taking into consideration ongoing changes in the female body (e.g., future pregnancy), and (3) considering the use of a two-stage reconstructive approach to gradually expand the skin envelope. A comprehensive review of surgical techniques that address these conditions is provided, taking into account the evolution and the most recent advances in surgical techniques.
Putting Sociology Back into the Sociology of Law

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The recent publication of the second edition of Roger Cotterrell's introduction to the sociology of law offers one indication of the way in which sociology of law has now become a standard and accepted part of the curriculum in many law schools in Britain and the United States of America.' It also offers the latest in a long line of programmatic statements in relation to sociology of law, statements which have up till now tended to complain about the theoretical and methodological underdevelopment of the field, and to make unfavourable comparisons between sociology of law and other subdisciplines of mainstream sociology.2 Cotterrell advances a rather different conception of sociology of law from many of these authors, and explicitly rejects the view that development in the field of sociology of law needs to be measured by 'established disciplinary criteria'. My own view has more in common with earlier programmatic writings in relation to the field, in that I will be reviewing the current state of sociology of law from the perspective of someone working and teaching in the discipline of mainstream sociology. I hope, in doing so, that what I have to say will not seem too strange or provocative to a predominantly law school audience. I will begin by providing a characterization of sociology as an academic discipline, concentrating on the way it is organized into a number of different research traditions, each of which holds a distinctive conception of topic, epistemology, theory, and method in relation to the study of the social world, and on the debate between action and structural approaches in the discipline. I will then provide a critical review of the current state of the sociology of law, suggesting that, from my point of view as a mainstream sociologist, the bulk of research in this field is characterized by assumptions derived from structural traditions in the discipline. I will also be suggesting that theorists and researchers in the sociology of law are only just beginning to appreciate the importance of long-standing debates in mainstream sociology over how best to conceptualize the relationship between structure and action, and the implications of such debates for the sociological study of law. Finally, I will seek to illustrate this critique through looking at two recent
The Next Safety Net:Social Policy for a Digital Age

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

First lines: As advanced economies become more automated and digitized, almost all workers will be affected, but some more than others. Those who have what the economists Maarten Goos and Alan Manning call “lovely jobs” will do fine, creating and managing robots and various digital applications and adding lots of value in service sectors such as finance. Those who have what Goos and Manning call\n“lousy jobs,” however—in sectors such as manufacturing, retail, delivery, or routine office work—will fare less well, facing low pay, short contracts, precarious employment, and outright job loss. Economic inequality across society as a whole is likely to grow, along with demands for increased state expenditures on social services of various kinds—just as the resources to cover such expenditures are dropping because of lower tax contributions from a smaller work force.
Statement by Angel Gurria and Erik Solheim at the 92nd meeting of the Development Committee held on October 10, 2015

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This is a statement by Angel Gurria, and Erik Solheim, Secretary-General, OECD, and Chair of the Development Assistance Committee (DAC) at the ninety second meeting of the Development Committee held on October 10, 2015. OECD countries are facing an unprecedented refugee crisis, which will have knock-on effects across sectors in many countries, and consequences for the development of both the countries from which migrants flee and in which they seek asylum. The situation requires a comprehensive and coordinated international response. Since 1972, the OECD has provided solid, evidence-based analyses of migration policy challenges. The OECD 2015 International migration outlook and the OECD settling in report highlight how immigrants and their children are integrating into OECD societies. It is important to note that the integration of migrants can have positive consequences for development in the form of remittances, the largest source of external finance for many developing countries, exceeding ODA and foreign direct investment (according to 2012 data). The OECD is well placed to contribute to global follow-up on the SDGs with its range of measurement, country assessment, peer review and peer learning mechanisms. Indeed, its data, expertise, and convening power can serve as a GPS for SDG implementation. The growing number of stakeholders active in development increases the complexity of processes and therefore the need for a navigation system that highlights what works and what doesn't work in development. The OECD exists to promote better policies for better lives. The SDGs and the 2030 agenda offer an unparalleled opportunity to fulfil this purpose, lending support on every level to these ambitious but achievable goals.
An investigation of barriers and facilitators of coordination between primary palliative care and specialized palliative care in Switzerland: a qualitative study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Successful palliative care (PC) is determined by the collaborative approach of health care professionals. Importantly, the coordination of PC services across different institutions and health care settings plays a crucial role for collaborative approaches in PC. Coordination of services in PC is especially required between Primary Palliative Care (PPC) and Specialized Palliative Care (SPC). However, to date, little is known about barriers and facilitators to coordination between these services in Switzerland. Furthermore, each canton in Switzerland follows their own informal guidelines on coordination in PC, contributing to discrepancies in coordinative approaches in PC services. The purpose of this study is therefore to investigate barriers and facilitators to coordination between PPC and SPC service providers in Switzerland. Moreover, the study explores the implications of this for patient outcomes. Problem centered interviews with 40 health care professionals in PPC and SPC across 4 cantons in Switzerland (Basel, Waadt, Luzerne, Ticino), as well as well as with 24 family care givers were carried out. Data from the interviews were analyzed and interpreted using qualitative content-analysis. Results indicated that perceived Barriers and facilitators to coordination include; education and training in PC, financial incentives for PC services, information transfer between PPC and SPC services and organization factors. Significantly, that the barriers have a perceived negative impact on quality of care service provisions in Switzerland. The results will inform 'best practices' with respect to the coordination of palliative care networks and propose different ways of achieving the goal of service integration in PC. This is relevant for informing supply planning in community-based palliative care.
Solvent-free Preparation of Electrochemical Capacitor Electrodes Using Metal-free Redox Organic Compounds

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A metal-free redox organic compound, 2,5-dichloro-1,4-benzoquinone (DCBQ), was finely dispersed over the porous carbon substrate, Ketjen Black (KB), by a solvent-free method in only one step. By using this method, DCBQ was loaded inside the pores of KB with as much as ca. 60 wt % in the sample without any agglomeration. This high loading along with high dispersion can be attained due to the absence of solvent. Since this procedure is free from organic solvents it is also free from solvent removal, at which organic compounds tend to agglomerate as the concentration of organic compounds increases, and the concomitant purification process. The electrochemical behaviors of the resulting composite materials were evaluated, and it was found that the volumetric capacitance, which correlated with the capacitance per unit mass of KB, increased with the loading amount of DCBQ, with high power density and long cycle lifetime. The resulting volumetric capacitances reached 4.7 times higher than those of KB and exhibited high rate capability up to 5 A g–1, along with excellent cycle lifetime up to 10 000 cycles. These results indicate the superiority of the pseudocapacitance induced inside the pores of porous carbon substrates by quinone derivatives over the electric double layer capacitance in gaining both high power and high energy densities.
High Frequency of IMP-6 among Clinical Isolates of Metallo-β-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli in Japan

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Carbapenems are the most potent agents for treating infections by Gram-negative bacteria due to their stability with respect to the majority of β-lactamases and their high rate of penetration through the bacterial outer membranes. However, there have been increasing reports of Gram-negative
Reduction of DNA transforming activity in culture by 6-mercaptopurine.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The transforming activity of DNA isolated from 6-mercaptopurine-treated cultures of Bacillus subtilis strain UTH-8505 is markedly reduced when compared to that of DNA obtained from control cultures. The lower transforming activity appears to be a property of the isolated DNA; i.e., various treatments either to restore the activity or to indicate the presence of inhibitory substances that isolate with the DNA suggest a defect in the nucleic acid per se. The reduced transforming activity is not gene specific since the ability of DNA from 6-mercaptopurine-treated cultures to transform several mutants of different genetic loci is lowered. The dose-dependent effect is correlated with the extent of trichloroacetic acid-insoluble radioactivity associated with the DNA from 6-[35S]mercaptopurine-treated cultures. However, the level of apparent drug incorporation is low, being only 1 molecule equivalent to 6-mercaptopurine in 17,500 base residues of DNA having 40% of control transforming activity. The amount of 6-thioguanine incorporation possibly associated with the reduced transforming activity is even less, about one 6-thioguanine moiety per 100,000 base units. If base analog substitution accounts for the reduced transforming activity, exceedingly low levels of incorporation are sufficient to alter this biological property of B. subtilis DNA.
Japanese Manufacturing FDI and International Production and Distribution Networks in East Asia

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Although Japanese firms have had a long history of foreign direct investment (FDI), their substantial commitment to an outward orientation did not
begin until the mid-1980s.1 By then Japanese firms had become successful
exporters of their products and had gained enough confidence to go abroad.
The sharp appreciation of the yen after the Plaza Accord in 1985 was a trigger for Japanese exporting firms to seriously consider the relocation of production plants to foreign countries. During this same period, East Asia was
becoming a great attractor of FDI. The forerunners of ASEAN (Association
of Southeast Asian Nations) switched development strategies in order to
utilize incoming FDI more aggressively after economic slumps in the mid1980s. China followed with open door policies in the first half of the 1990s.2
Synthesis of carbon nanotube-titanium dioxide photocatalysts via modified sol-gel method for removal of phenol

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

In the present study, a series of carbon nanotube-titanium dioxide (CNT-TiO2) has been successfully synthesized by a modified sol-gel method in the presence of acetyl acetone as the chelating ligand. X-ray diffraction (XRD), diffuse reflectance ultravioletvisible spectroscopy (DR UV-Vis), Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were used to investigate the structural, optical properties and morphology of the sample. XRD patterns demonstrated that the addition of CNT maintained the anatase phase of TiO2, while DR UV-Vis analysis showed the additional absorbance in the visible light region after addition of the CNT, suggesting the successful incorporation of CNT into TiO2. The SEM image revealed the unaffected morphology of TiO2 after addition of the CNT. The photocatalytic removal of phenol was carried out under UV light irradiation at room temperature for 24 hours. It was confirmed that all CNT-TiO2 series showed better adsorption and photocatalytic activity than the TiO2. The best photocatalyst was 5% CNT-TiO2 with 68% of phenol removal, while TiO2 showed only 17% phenol removal. Adsorption process was proposed to be one of the important factors for the high activity. It was concluded that the incorporation of CNT into TiO2 using the modified sol-gel method would be a good alternative method to prepare highly active carbon based-TiO2 photocatalysts.