jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Representative Bureaucracy: Representation of American Indian Teachers and Their Impact on American Indian Student Access and Performance

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Using a cross-comparative, qualitative case study approach, my research seeks to determine whether the presence of American Indian teachers (passive representation) positively influences educational access and performance of American Indian students in two rural Idaho public school districts located within tribal reservations. One district has representation of American Indian teachers and the other does not. Representation of American Indian teachers is a form of passive representation which the theory of representative bureaucracy suggests should lead to active representation (implementation of culturally relevant curriculum and teaching practices). My research analyzes de-identified student- and district-level data on access and performance as well as interviews conducted with teachers, administrators and tribal education directors in both school districts. While the data elements I evaluate under access and performance are different than the theoretical model used in prior research, they were selected to provide a larger dataset to determine the impacts of American Indian teacher representation on American Indian student access and performance based on my case study model. The interviews were intended to assess perceptions of performance as well as capture whether passive representation lead to active representation. Both the statistical data analyzed and qualitative data captured from interviews appears to support that passive representation may lead to active representation. However, my research also revealed that passive representation is significantly more complicated for American Indians than for African American and Hispanics as a result of the federal government’s use of education as a tool for cultural destruction. The evidence of these impacts can be seen in American Indian student attendance. Further, my research revealed that tribes assuming a more direct role in administrative decisions in public schools serving American Indian students may act as a form of active representation.
Complications of thoracic surgery: post-pneumonectomy bronchopleural fistula

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract: Bronchopleural fistula (BPF) describes an abnormal connection between a bronchus (main, lobar or segmental) and the pleural cavity. BPF is a recognized complication after pneumonectomy and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The risk of post-pneumonectomy BPF (PP-BPF) is greater in right sided operations, male patients, residual tumor, barotrauma, previous TB and active infection. If suspected, diagnosis of BPF should be made expeditiously with computed tomography scanning and bronchoscopy. The management depends on the timing of presentation, the size of the fistula and the clinical status of the patient. All patients require drainage of the infected pleural space and intravenous antibiotics. In early presentations, re-do thoracotomy followed by stump closure and reinforcement with a pedicled muscle flap is recommended. If the fistula is small (<5 mm) or the patient is not fit enough for major surgery, bronchoscopic repair using fibrin glue application, stents or closure devices can be attempted. Minimally invasive techniques can also be used as a temporizing measure while optimizing a patient for a major intervention. There are multiple case reports describing novel bronchoscopic techniques for management of BPF. The risk of BPF should be reduced in high-risk patient groups by implementing bronchial stump coverage (BSC) at the time of pneumonectomy. Overall, the literature is limited by the relative rarity of the problem. Much of the literature is based on retrospective studies and case series which leads to inherent biases preventing true comparative studies in operative techniques and outcomes. Meta-analysis of case reports and new randomized controlled trials may give more evidence to support the current findings. While some simple principles should be followed, management of BPF needs to be individualized to each patient’s clinical picture.
Inferring the Gibbs state of a small quantum system

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Gibbs states are familiar from statistical mechanics, yet their use is not\nlimited to that domain. For instance, they also feature in the maximum entropy\nreconstruction of quantum states from incomplete measurement data. Outside the\nmacroscopic realm, however, estimating a Gibbs state is a nontrivial inference\ntask, due to two complicating factors: the proper set of relevant observables\nmight not be evident a priori; and whenever data are gathered from a small\nsample only, the best estimate for the Lagrange parameters is invariably\naffected by the experimenter's prior bias. I show how the two issues can be\ntackled with the help of Bayesian model selection and Bayesian interpolation,\nrespectively, and illustrate the use of these Bayesian techniques with a number\nof simple examples.\n
Study on Fishskin Apparel and Accessories of Hezhe Minority Based on Experiential Marketing

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Hezhe minority is one of the only nationality who has fishskin apparel and accessories and manufacture technique in the world.Fishskin apparel and accessories is the folklore phenomenon which most has the national characteristics of Hezhe minority.The target of fishskin apparel and accessories tourism product marketing should be realize mutual benefit and win-win of developing national economy and protecting ethnic culture.
Xanthogranuloma Of the Antrum

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery journal
Neuroprotective Effect of Huperzine A on d-Galactose-Induced Hearing Dysfunction

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Background: Administration of d-galactose (d-gal) has been used to create animal models of neurodegenerative diseases, and huperzine A has been used to treat the neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer disease. Methods: An animal model of hearing dysfunction was established by administration of d-gal in the rats, and the effect of huperzine A on d-gal-induced abnormal hearing function and cochlear damage was investigated. Senescence of the cochlear tissues was examined by β-galactase staining, and messenger RNA expression of inflammatory cytokines was quantified by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results: It was found that d-gal significantly increased auditory brainstem response (ABR) threshold and cellular senescence and decreased neurofilament in the cochlear tissues. Huperzine A could significantly attenuate d-gal-induced increase of ABR threshold and cellular senescence as well as reduction of neurofilament. Moreover, huperzine A could inhibit d-gal-induced activation of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) in Schwann cells and significantly blocked d-gal-stimulated gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α. Conclusion: These findings suggested that d-gal causes hearing dysfunction by inflammatory injury of cochlear neurons and that huperzine A could prevent hearing loss by protecting d-gal-induced physical damage of cochlear tissues.
Winemaking as a Biotechnological Sequence

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The chemistry of winemaking is characterized by intensive metabolism of the ingredients, beginning with the grape and ending with wine. We therefore view the chemistry of winemaking as a biotechnological sequence. This sequence originates with the grape, proceeds to the grape destemming, crushing, and pressing technology and, finally, is decisively influenced by the fermentation. The ingredients of the grapes, their dependence on variety, climate, vineyard management (fertilization), and biochemical processes during the crushing and pressing operations, are important to the biosynthesis of aroma substances.
Supplementary Text from Identification of Promiscuous KIF20A Long Peptides Bearing Both CD4<sup>+</sup> and CD8<sup>+</sup> T-cell Epitopes: KIF20A-Specific CD4<sup>+</sup> T-cell Immunity in Patients with Malignant Tumor

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<p>Supplementary Text - PDF file 195K, Supplementary Methods and Figure legends</p>
Defining Protective Resilience: The 85% Threshold for Personality Development and Mental Health Risk Reduction

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Background: Effective primary prevention strategies can help mitigate rising global suicide rates. This study investigates the relationship between resilience, measured by the Predictive 6 Factor Resilience Model (PR6), and the Big Five personality traits, measured by the IPIP-NEO-120, to identify how resilience training can benefit mental health and personality development.Method: The study involved n = 2044 participants (61.1% female) who completed PR6 and IPIP-NEO-120 assessments. The PR6 assesses six domains of resilience, while the IPIP-NEO-120 measures the Big Five personality traits and 30 sub-factors. Data were analyzed using regression analysis, correlation, and effect size determination.Results: Significant correlations were found between PR6 resilience and the Big Five personality traits. Higher resilience scores were associated with a 2.9-fold reduction in Neuroticism, 52% higher Conscientiousness and 65% higher Extraversion. Notably, increases in resilience were linked to a 5.6-fold reduction in depression, a 4.2-fold reduction in anxiety, and a 5.9-fold reduction in emotional vulnerability. A PR6 score threshold of 85% was identified where participants exhibited marked improvements in personality traits and mental health protection, providing a practical target for protective resilience.Conclusion: Higher resilience is found to have significant positive relationships with personality traits, reducing Neuroticism and increasing Conscientiousness and Extraversion. Given a modern understanding of personality traits as changeable, this suggests resilience training could be a viable approach for mental health prevention and personality development, with substantial preventative implications for depression, anxiety, vulnerability, and improving overall well-being, particularly at PR6 = 85%.
Aboriginal Partnership, Capacity Building and Capacity Development on ABS

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This chapter focuses on frameworks for Aboriginal capacity building and capacity development on access and benefit-sharing (ABS) under the Nagoya Protocol (NP). It examines the experiences of the Maritime Aboriginal Peoples Council (MAPC) and its collaboration with ABS Canada and reflects on other possible avenues for building trust and effective collaboration for capacity building and capacity development on ABS. Noting that Canada has an enviable track record of supporting development initiatives in the global South, it argues that Canada – specifically its Aboriginal Peoples – could benefit from capacity development support on ABS even from third parties including Indigenous and local communities (ILCs) of the global South who have experience with ABS. A potential South–North or North–North capacity building and capacity development trajectory could represent an attempt to acknowledge the status of Aboriginal peoples in the likeness of a global South in the North in need of capacity building and capacity development in a niche and emerging field such as ABS.
Factors That Affect the Formation of Chromosomal Translocations in Cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Chromosomal translocations are products of the illegitimate repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). Their formation can bring about significant structural and molecular changes in the cell that can be physiologically and pathologically relevant. The induced changes may lead to serious and life-threatening diseases such as cancer. As a growing body of evidence suggests, the formation of chromosomal translocation is not only affected by the mere close spatial proximity of gene loci as potential translocation partners. Several factors may affect formation of chromosomal translocations, including chromatin motion to the potential sources of DSBs in the cell. While these can be apparently random events, certain chromosomal translocations appear to be cell-type-specific. In this review, we discuss how chromosomal translocations are formed and explore how different cellular factors contribute to their formation.
Association of High-Intensity Exercise with Renal Medullary Carcinoma in Individuals with Sickle Cell Trait: Clinical Observations and Experimental Animal Studies

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Renal medullary carcinoma (RMC) is a lethal malignancy affecting individuals with sickle hemoglobinopathies. Currently, no modifiable risk factors are known. We aimed to determine whether high-intensity exercise is a risk factor for RMC in individuals with sickle cell trait (SCT). We used multiple approaches to triangulate our conclusion. First, a case-control study was conducted at a single tertiary-care facility. Consecutive patients with RMC were compared to matched controls with similarly advanced genitourinary malignancies in a 1:2 ratio and compared on rates of physical activity and anthropometric measures, including skeletal muscle surface area. Next, we compared the rate of military service among our RMC patients to a similarly aged population of black individuals with SCT in the U.S. Further, we used genetically engineered mouse models of SCT to study the impact of exercise on renal medullary hypoxia. Compared with matched controls, patients with RMC reported higher physical activity and had higher skeletal muscle surface area. A higher proportion of patients with RMC reported military service than expected compared to the similarly-aged population of black individuals with SCT. When exposed to high-intensity exercise, mice with SCT demonstrated significantly higher renal medulla hypoxia compared to wild-type controls. These data suggest high-intensity exercise is the first modifiable risk factor for RMC in individuals with SCT.
Effects of CDP-choline on cognition and cerebral hemodynamics in patients with Alzheimer's disease.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

CDP-choline (cytidine-5-diphosphate-choline) is an acetylcholine precursor frequently used in cerebrovascular disorders and psychoorganic syndromes. Furthermore, several authors have demonstrated the positive effects of CDP-choline on cognitive disorders and memory deficits. In the present study, the effects of CDP-choline (1000 mg/day, p.o. for 1 month) on cognition, evaluated by the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) of Folstein et al., and on blood flow velocities, measured by transcranial Doppler ultrasonography (TCD), were investigated in patients with Alzheimer's disease: (AD, n = 20, age: 66.75 +/- 6.73 years, range: 57-78 yr). Cognitive function was measured by means of the MMSE in basal conditions (A) and after 1 month of treatment with CDP-choline (C). TCD measures were taken through the temporal window for right (MCA-R) and left (MCA-L) middle cerebral arteries with a 2 MHz pulsed transducer using a TC-2000S in basal conditions (A), 1 h after the administration of CDP-choline (B) and after 1 month of treatment with CDP-choline (C). MMSE scores were significantly increased (p < 0.005) in patients with early-onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD) after CDP-choline treatment. Moreover, the orientation subtest significantly increased in the global group of AD patients (p < 0.01) and in EOAD patients (p < 0.02). Significant differences (p < 0.05) were also found in MCA-Land MCA-R measures between recordings. These results suggest that CDP-choline influences cognitive and cerebrovascular function in Alzheimer's disease, probably through a mechanism linked to an immunogenic and/or neurotrophic effect at the microvascular niche.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Female sterilization and ethical issues: The Indian experience

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In view of the prevalent gender norms that rationalize the bargaining power of women, lack of informed choice and high infant as well as child mortality, female sterilization as a family planning measure in India raises questions that need urgent attention in the broader context of individual freedom and human ethics. Data from the District Level Household Survey-Reproductive and Child Health (2002-04) covering a nationally representative sample of 507622 currently married women aged 15-44 years has been used for the present analysis. Bivariate and multivariate analyses have been performed to identify the factors associated with female sterilization acceptance within the broader framework of ethical issues. Although about one-third of Indian women use female sterilization as a method for regulating fertility, analysis reveals that people from different socio-economic, religious and demographic strata do not generally opt for sterilization in equal proportion. Informed choice has found to be very poor among women and so also the quality of available services. The need of the hour is to offer choice and quality services. Besides sensitizing the providers about the importance of ethical issues, government need to think over improving information education and communication, better quality services, and importance on spacing methods.
[The effect of carbon dioxide on intraorbital hemodynamics in glaucoma determined by color Doppler imaging].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We developed a new system to safely supply carbon dioxide (CO2) to man to investigate the effect of the gas vasodilator on orbital blood flow in open angle glaucoma (OAG) patients. Using the system, we determined orbital hemodynamics in OAG by color Doppler imaging (CDI) at baseline conditions and during CO2 supplementation sufficient to increase end-tidal CO2% by 10%. Seven OAG patients (mean age, 60.9 +/- 16.4 years; normal-tension glaucoma/primary open-angle glaucoma = 5/2) were included in the study. CDI was performed to measure resistance index (RI), and peak-systolic and end-diastolic blood flow velocities (PSV & EDV) of the ophthalmic artery (OA) and the central retinal artery (CRA). Systemic conditions including oxygen saturation and blood pressure were monitored throughout the period of the CO2 inhalation. CO2 significantly increased PSV and EDV in the CRA (p = 0.0273, p = 0.0094, respectively; Wilcoxon signed-rank test), but not in the OA. Other parameters were not altered. The results suggest that CO2 inhalation increases blood flow velocities in distal arteries in OAG patients without affecting proximal vessels. The new system enables us to supply CO2 in a safe and controlled manner in glaucoma patients and to modify orbital hemodynamics.
Distinct Spatial Distribution of White Matter Hyperintensities Associated with Alzheimer’s Disease Pathology and Hypertension. (P3.180)

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

April 24, 2018April 10, 2018Free AccessDistinct Spatial Distribution of White Matter Hyperintensities Associated with Alzheimer’s Disease Pathology and Hypertension. (P3.180)Omar Al-Janabi, Christopher Brown, Ahmed Bahrani, Ronan Murphy, Brian Gold, Peter Nelson, Donna Wilcock, Larry Goldstein, Charles Smith, and Gregory JichaAuthors Info & AffiliationsApril 10, 2018 issue90 (15_supplement) Letters to the Editor
Human Resources Management Strategy for Improving Performance at PT XYZ

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Employee performance influences company performance. Performance management supports the overall goals of the organization not only on the performance of each individual but also on the performance of the organization. Maintaining optimal performance is a challenge because during pandemic there was a decline in employee performance. So in this study the authors have a goal to know the factors that cause lower performance and know the strategies that can be done to improve performance. The method used a qualitative method, with the SWOT method and then processing the data using AHP method. The results of the study show that three factors have the greatest weight, namely employees with higher education, harmonious work environment, and massive access to information and training. The objective factor that has the greatest waight is strength. The strategy that gets the most weigh is employee who are included in the talent pool category according their respective jobs, and employees who have been trained will become trainer in their respective department.
The Birmingham pub bombings, the Irish as a ‘suspect community’ and the memories of the O’Reilly family

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In the immediate aftermath of the Birmingham Pub Bombings in 1974, the Prevention of Terrorism Act (PTA) was introduced as British politicians struggled to deal with the increasing threat of the Provisional IRA on British soil. This reactionary measure intensified the already contested policy of Internment and would have severe implications for the Irish communities in England. This chapter argues that through the implementation of this legislation, alongside a media campaign that failed to put the conflict into context, a 'suspect community' was created, in which civil liberties were taken away from Irish people simply because of their ethnicity. However, the PTA not only created this 'suspect community' in the eyes of the police and the government, but also - and perhaps most crucially - for the public too. The negative impact this had 'ordinary', innocent Irish people is therefore analysed through the personal experiences of one Irish family as they discuss the institutionalised racism they faced living in Birmingham throughout the period. The chapter concludes by drawing on the importance of oral history, as it has taken almost half a century for the family to openly recount their experiences.
[Physicochemical characteristics of sorbitol dehydrogenase from the cytoplasm of the liver cells of susliks].

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Some physico-chemical properties of sorbitol dehydrogenase from squirrel liver cell cytoplasm have been investigated. Non-linear dependence of enzyme activity upon media pH is shown. Activity manifests only in the presence of NAD that can't be replaced by NADP. The enzyme exhibits stereospecificity: it dehydrates polyol of any length, the second and the fourth carbon atoms have common L-configuration concerning the first carbon atom. A diffusion zone with Rf = 0,09 is revealed on the electrophoregram. Three thin zones of activity about pH 7,2 are exposed by isoelectrofocusing method.