jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Large-amplitude zero-sound excitations in a Fermi liquid

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

It is shown that, together with ordinary zero sound, strong longitudinal and transverse excitations with velocities smaller than the Fermi velocity can propagate in He3. It is established that the attenuation of such modes is proportional to the small parameter a = (ω0τ)−1≪1 (ω0 is the oscillation frequency of particles captured by the wave, and τ is the relaxation time). The generation of harmonics of a strong zero-sound wave is discussed, and it is shown that the characteristic growth length of the harmonics is of the same order as the attenuation length of the fundamental mode.
Target scene frequency diversity exploitation with ultra‐wideband orthogonal frequency division multiplexing radar

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper concerns experimental investigation of the frequency‐domain approach to target scene sensing using ultra‐wideband orthogonal frequency division multiplexing software‐defined radar. Individual spectral components of the radar signal (sub‐carriers) are analysed with the aim of performing their adaptive selection and establishing similarity of the observed response to the previously collected responses of various target scenes. By performing this analysis, the authors are effectively utilising frequency diversity of targets for detection purposes. A low‐power, short‐range radar system built at Miami University is used to apply this approach to target detection with generalised‐likelihood ratio test (GLRT) and frequency profile matching (FPM). Experimental results indicate good promise of FPM, which performed equally to, or outperformed GLRT in all scenarios. Results of correct detection and false alarm rates are shown and discussed, along with theoretical descriptions of the detection approaches.
Pylos and Sphacteria

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Grateful as we must all be to Mr. Compton and Mr. Awdry for their adventurous climb, which to my mind has finally settled the path that the Messenians took to reach the foot of the gorge or gully, we have probably been puzzled by some of their incidental remarks. I feel the less reluctance in commenting on them that most of my criticisms would, by their kindness, have been embodied in the article itself, had I not been absent in Greece at the time it was being written. In the first place what they call the ‘notch’ is what Dr. Grundy and I both call the ‘hollow.’ The word hollow was kept by Messrs. Lindsay, Bosanquet, and Crowfoot, and there is no reason, I understand, for the change except inadvertence. It is more serious, however, that the part played by this hollow in the last struggle of the Spartans is misconceived.
Mapping the interaction between the cytoplasmic domains of HIV‐1 viral protein U and human CD4 with NMR spectroscopy

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Viral protein U ( V p U ) of HIV ‐1 plays an important role in downregulation of the main HIV ‐1 receptor CD 4 from the surface of infected cells. Physical binding of V p U to newly synthesized CD 4 in the endoplasmic reticulum is an early step in a pathway leading to proteasomal degradation of CD 4. In this study, regions in the cytoplasmic domain of V p U involved in CD 4 binding were identified by NMR spectroscopy. Amino acids in both helices found in the cytoplasmic region of V p U in membrane‐mimicking detergent micelles experience chemical shift perturbations upon binding to CD 4, whereas amino acids between the two helices and at the C ‐terminus of V p U show no or only small changes, respectively. The topology of the complex was further studied with paramagnetic relaxation enhancement. Paramagnetic spin labels were attached at three sequence positions of a CD 4 peptide comprising the transmembrane and cytosolic domains of the receptor. V p U binds to a membrane‐proximal region in the cytoplasmic domain of CD 4. Structured digital abstract VpU and CD4 bind by nuclear magnetic resonance ( View interaction )
Novel Area Occupancy–Based Method for Passenger Car Unit Estimation on Multilane Urban Roads Under Heterogeneous Traffic Scenario

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This research was aimed at developing an area occupancy–based method for estimating passenger car unit (PCU) values for vehicle categories under heterogeneous traffic conditions on multilane urban roads for a wide range of traffic flow levels. First, PCU values of vehicle categories were determined according to the Transport and Road Research Laboratory definition and replaced the commonly considered measure of performance speed with area occupancy using simulation. The PCU values obtained were found to be significantly different for different volume-to-capacity ratios; this result shows that the PCU value is dynamic in nature. While the dynamic nature of PCU values is well appreciated, practitioners may prefer a single set of optimized PCU values (unique for each vehicle category). Hence, a new method with a matrix solution was proposed to estimate the optimized or unique set of PCU values with area occupancy as the performance measure. To check the credibility of the proposed method, the estimated PCU values were compared from existing guidelines regulated by the Indian Roads Congress (IRC) and values estimated with the widely accepted dynamic PCU concept of speed–area ratio. Results show that the PCU values suggested by IRC and the dynamic PCU concept using the speed–area ratio underestimate and overestimate the flows, respectively, at different traffic volumes. However, the values obtained with the area-occupancy concept were found to be consistent with the traffic flow in a cars-only traffic situation at different flow conditions. The derived set of optimized PCU values proposed can be useful for traffic engineers, researchers, and practitioners for capacity and level-of-service analysis under heterogeneous traffic conditions.
INflUeNCe Of sOme geNeTIC aND eNvIRONmeNT al faCTORs ON The pRODUCTIvITy Of DaNUbe WhITe pIgs II. effeCT Of The lINe, yeaR aND seasON ON The pRODUCTIvITy Of pIgs WITh sImIlaR geNOTypes

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The effect of lines, years, seasons and the interaction among blood grading, year and season on the productive traits of 960 Danube White pigs were studied for three generations. The estimations of the factors studied were carried out by multifactor analyses. The interaction among blood grading, year and season was studied by a two-trait model. Significant influence of the line (P ≤ 0.05) and year (P ≤ 0.001) was established with respect to the traits studied (growth rate and lean meat percentage up to 90 kg live weight). The season influenced significantly the growth rate (P ≤ 0.001) only. The effect of the interaction among blood grading, year and season established favourable influence on the crosses compared to the other part of the population.
The cautious modeller: craftsmanship without wizardry

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

According to Naomi Oreskes [2000] ‘[… ] models are complex amalgam of theoretical and phenomenological laws (and the governing equations and algorithms that represent them), empirical input parameters, and a model conceptualization. When a model generates a prediction, of what precisely is the prediction a test? The laws? The input data? The conceptualization? Any part (or several parts) of the model might be in error, and there is no simple way to determine which one it is’. This paper advocate the need to use sensitivity analysis to gauge the robsutness of models.
Lawn Mower Injuries in Children

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This report summarizes 17 power lawn mower injuries in children. The severity of the injuries, the young age of the victims, and the ease with which they all could have been prevented have prompted us to review these cases. The 17 children were admitted to the Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, during the period from June 1966 to September 1969. They ranged in age from 2 to 12 years, and there were 12 boys and five girls. At the time of the injury, four were bystanders, six were operating walking mowers, and seven were passengers riding with their parents on mowers of the tractor type.

Report of Cases

Bystanders.—A 9-year-old boy tumbled down a hill into the path of a power mower. He sustained a severe laceration of the left elbow, resulting in partial amputation of the arm and severing of the ulnar and radial nerves and the distal end
Precarious work and intrinsic job quality: Evidence from Finland, 1984–2013

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract It is often argued that job insecurity and precarious work are on the rise. However, the evidence to back these arguments remains mixed and inconclusive. In this study, we define and measure precarious work in Finland using five variables that reflect both objective and subjective insecurity: atypical employment, actually experienced unemployment, the threat of dismissal or unemployment, poor chances of finding a new job, and low earnings. Results based on Statistics Finland’s Quality of Work Life Surveys from 1984 to 2013 indicate that, from a labour market or forms of employment perspective, the proportion of precarious wage earners has increased from 11% in 1984 to 13% in 2013. From a second perspective, however, focusing on changing working conditions, growing inequality and eroding social security mechanisms, we also analyse how a precarious labour market position is related to intrinsic job quality. Precarious workers experience decreased levels of skill and discretion, and they work in a less supportive environment than other employees.
SH1316196.09FU

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.
From preservation to entertainment: Accounting for the transformation of participation in Italian state museums

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This study investigates the evolution of performance measures in Italian state museums, alongside the evolution of their role from preservation institutes to entertainment sites, remodelling themselves as participatory museums of the digital era. Italian autonomous state museums, and in particular four of these museums, were chosen as the main field of analysis because this category of state museums was affected the most by the move from the participatory to the entertainment model through successive reforms. Results underlined a renewed role for entertainment, which acted as a mediator between the notion of enjoyment and that of knowledge; the primary importance of the measure about the number of visitors, which assumed different nuances along the years; and the double function of digital technologies in entertaining visitors and providing new sources of measurement.
The Year 2000 Integrin Model

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Conference Article| June 01 2000 The Year 2000 Integrin Model M. J. Humphries M. J. Humphries 1Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, 2.205 Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Author and article information Publisher: Portland Press Ltd Online ISSN: 1470-8752 Print ISSN: 0300-5127 © 2000 Biochemical Society2000 Biochem Soc Trans (2000) 28 (3): A49. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst028a049a Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation M. J. Humphries; The Year 2000 Integrin Model. Biochem Soc Trans 1 June 2000; 28 (3): A49. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst028a049a Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 2000 Biochemical Society2000 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Victorian prescience: The Lancetmedical journal and the loss of the Franklin expedition, 1845–1859

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract The loss of Sir John Franklin’s Arctic expedition has provoked speculation about the cause of the fatal outcome from the expedition’s departure in 1845 to the present day. This study describes how The Lancet , first published in 1823 and now one of the world’s leading medical journals, drew conclusions at the time of the expedition’s loss, which closely parallel those of today’s most recent research. The journal took evidence from Arctic medical and naval experts to conclude in 1859 that the Admiralty’s misdirected searches committed the crews to ice-bound entrapment, which had fatal nutritional consequences. The Lancet’s prescience has been supported by recent research showing that the unique physical circumstances faced by the expedition had nutritional effects related to vitamin deficiencies, which explain mortality over the third winter and the eventual total loss. It is significant that, although published 160 years apart and with vitamins unknown in the Victorian era, both studies took robust evidence-based approaches to draw similar conclusions.
Evaluation ofLitchi chinensisfor Host Status toXyleborus glabratus(Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) and Susceptibility to Laurel Wilt Disease

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The redbay ambrosia beetle, Xyleborus glabratus Eichhoff (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), is an exotic wood-boring pest that vectors Raffaelea lauricola T.C. Harr., Fraedrich & Aghayeva (Ophiostomatales: Ophiostomataceae), the etiologic agent of laurel wilt. To date, all confirmed U.S. hosts of X. glabratus and suscepts of laurel wilt are members of the family Lauraceae. However, in previous research, an unknown variety of lychee, Litchi chinensis Sonn. (Sapindales: Sapindaceae), was found to be highly attractive to X. glabratus and elicited boring behaviors. Therefore, a study was undertaken to evaluate two commercial cultivars of lychee, 'Brewster' and 'Mauritius', for susceptibility to attack by X. glabratus, for transmission of R. lauricola, and for development of laurel wilt disease. In no-choice laboratory bioassays, 35 and 44% of females bored into cut bolts of 'Mauritius' and 'Brewster', respectively. Similar boring was observed on the trunks of two live 'Brewster' trees; but after 3 mo, there was no evidence of beetle reproduction, no symptoms of laurel wilt, and no recovery of R. lauricola from tissue associated with beetle galleries. Lychee trees artificially inoculated with an isolate of R. lauricola (RL4) that kills lauraceous hosts of this pathogen were asymptomatic after 1 mo, and assays for R. lauricola were negative. Chemical analysis indicated that lychee emits several sesquiterpene constituents in common with the Lauraceae, but at lower levels. Based on these data, we conclude that L. chinensis, although attractive to female X. glabratus, is not a likely reproductive host. This may be due to the inability of lychee wood to support growth of R. lauricola, the presumed primary nutritional symbiont of X. glabratus.
Managers’ less favourable attitude towards bottom of the pyramid (BOP) customers

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Investment in low income markets is increasing so too is a sense of controversy regarding poor markets. With BOP investment becoming many a firms’ strategy towards achieving growth, it is not clear to what extent managers’ attitudes to poor customers differ towards their attitudes towards middle-class customers. It is, however, well described that attitudes to poor people in a social context is negative and in some cases less favourable. It is postulated that business' mindset may be a barrier towards engaging with BOP markets despite the incentives and benefits that literature puts forward for marketing to the poor. Whether this attitude is negative, neutral, less favourable or similar is not well understood. The findings of this research project, can with a high level of confidence, report that the attitudes of a sample of managers do display a less favourable attitude towards a poor customer than is the case with a similar sample that is exposed to a wealthier customer.
YIL counteracts ghrelin-inhibited insulin release in pancreatic islets of langerhans

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Ghrelin is a peptide hormone that is produced mainly from the stomach. Ghrelin is reported to have many biological functions, such as modulating feeding behavior, energy balance, and glucose homeostasis. This study aimed to examine whether YIL, a ghrelin receptor antagonist, could counteract the effect of ghrelin-inhibited insulin release in the pancreatic islet of Langerhans. This study is experimental research using wild-type C57BL/6J mice [8-10 weeks old]. Islet of Langerhans was isolated by collagenase digestion and the insulin release [ng/islet/h] from the islet is examined by the ELISA method. Data represent means ± SEM and is analyzed by one-way ANOVA. The result showed that 8.3 mM glucose concentration increase insulin release compared to 2.8 mM glucose, respectively [0,393 ± 0,025 vs 0,219 ± 0,022 ng/islet/h]. In the presence of 8.3 mM glucose, ghrelin 1 nM showed a decrease in insulin release significantly compared to 8.3 mM glucose only [0,283 ± 0,001 vs 0,393 ± 0,025, p < 0,01]. In contrast, in the presence of 8.3 mM glucose and ghrelin 1 nM, YIL 1 μM induced insulin secretion [0,386 ± 0,012 vs 0,283 ± 0,001, p < 0,01]. In conclusion, YIL is significantly counteracted ghrelin-inhibited insulin release in pancreatic islets of Langerhans. Furthermore, YIL is one of the candidates for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
Efficacy of azathioprine versus mesalazine in postoperative Crohn's disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

I read the study performed by Reinisch and colleagues with interest.1 As the authors state, the optimum strategy for the treatment of Crohn's disease following intestinal resection remains uncertain, with conflicting evidence for use of mesalazine,2 3 and only limited data to suggest that 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) or azathioprine are more effective than placebo4 5 in terms of the prevention of either clinical or endoscopic relapse of disease activity.

Reinisch et al are therefore …
J Am Soc Nephrol 15: 61–67, 2004 Podocytes Populate Cellular Crescents in a Murine Model of Inflammatory Glomerulonephritis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract. Cellular crescents are a defining histologic finding in many forms of inflammatory glomerulonephritis. Despite numerous studies, the origin of glomerular crescents remains unresolved. A genetic cell lineage-mapping study with a novel transgenic mouse model was performed to investigate whether visceral glomerular epithelial cells, termed podocytes, are precursors of cells that populate cellular crescents. The podocytespecific 2.5P-Cre mouse line was crossed with the ROSA26 reporter line, resulting in irreversible constitutive expression of �-galactosidase in doubly transgenic 2.5P-Cre/ROSA26 mice. In these mice, crescentic glomerulonephritis was induced with a previously described rabbit anti-glomerular basement membrane antiserum nephritis approach. Interestingly, �-galactosidase-positive cells derived from podocytes adhered to the parietal basement membrane and populated glomerular crescents
microgravity: evidence of a dual adaptation Static and dynamic postural control in long-term

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

You might find this additional information useful... This article cites 33 articles, 2 of which you can access free at: http://jap.physiology.org/cgi/content/full/90/1/205#BIBL on the following topics: Medline items on this article's topics can be found at http://highwire.stanford.edu/lists/artbytopic.dtl Biophysics .. Microgravity Updated information and services including high-resolution figures, can be found at: http://jap.physiology.org/cgi/content/full/90/1/205 Additional material and information about Journal of Applied Physiology can be found at: http://www.the-aps.org/publications/jappl This information is current as of September 14, 2006 . € ISSN: 8750-7587, ESSN: 1522-1601. Visit our website at http://www.the-aps.org/.
METHODICAL MEANS AIMING AT MAINTAINING PROFESSIONAL HEALTH OF PEDAGOGICAL STAFF IN PRESCHOOL EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The article highlights the relevant issue of maintaining teachers’ professional health in preschool educational institutions, as modern trends and challenges in preschool education force teachers to constantly develop their professional skills and improve their social and professional mobility. It explains the essence of professional health and the importance for teachers to realize its significance as they are responsible for the development of health-maintaining competence of preschool children and therefore affect the health of the future nation. It describes such concepts as “maintaining”, “improving” professional health and “building” healthy habits among teachers in preschool educational institutions as the basis for recreation system development. The article emphasizes the importance of the systemic organization of methodical work at preschool educational institutions in terms of maintaining professional health and points out its main features, namely: maintaining physical, social, mental and spiritual health; using the obtained knowledge to lead a healthy lifestyle, striking a balance between work and rest mode; preventing professional stress and burnout. It analyses the method as a certain way of purposeful activity during methodical work with pedagogical staff. It gives a detailed description of orienting, stimulating and self-control health-maintaining methods; the use of these methods requires from teachers to have certain knowledge, skills and abilities concerning health maintaining process. The article provides the classification of innovative methods of maintaining teachers’ professional health in the system of methodical work as the key to successful and effective professional activity. It proves the effectiveness of using SWOT-analysis of professional activity as an innovative tool of pedagogical marketing during methodical work at preschool educational institutions in order to build a strategy aiming at developing teachers’ professional competence and motivating them to maintain and improve their professional health.