jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Fairness in Predictive Marketing: Auditing and Mitigating Demographic Bias in Machine Learning for Customer Targeting

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

As organizations increasingly turn to machine learning for customer segmentation and targeted marketing, concerns about fairness and algorithmic bias have become more urgent. This study presents a comprehensive fairness audit and mitigation framework for predictive marketing models using the Bank Marketing dataset. We train logistic regression and random forest classifiers to predict customer subscription behavior and evaluate their performance across key demographic groups, including age, education, and job type. Using model explainability techniques such as SHAP and fairness metrics including disparate impact and true positive rate parity, we uncover notable disparities in model behavior that could result in discriminatory targeting. We implement three mitigation strategies—reweighing, threshold adjustment, and feature exclusion—and assess their effectiveness in improving fairness while preserving business-relevant performance metrics. Among these, reweighing produced the most balanced outcome, raising the Disparate Impact Ratio for older individuals from 0.65 to 0.82 and reducing the true positive rate parity gap by over 40%, with only a modest decline in precision (from 0.78 to 0.76). We propose a replicable workflow for embedding fairness auditing into enterprise BI systems and highlight the strategic importance of ethical AI practices in building accountable and inclusive marketing technologies. technologies.
Transplantation into Jirds as a Method of Assessing the Viability and Reproductive Integrity of Adult Acanthocheilonema viteae from Culture

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

The reproductive integrity and viability of adult female Acanthocheilonema viteae (syn. Dipetalonema viteae) maintained in culture for relatively long periods were assessed by transplantation into jirds. Worms cultured in chemically defined NI medium for approximately 3-4 wk remained active, but microfilarial release declined to barely detectable levels. Microfilarial production, however, was restored when the worms were transplanted subcutaneously into jirds. When cultured in NI medium beyond 4 wk no restoration of microfilarial production occurred on transplantation, presumably due to irreversible injury to the reproductive system. However, when NI medium was supplemented with fetal bovine serum resumption of microfilarial production occurred in transplanted females that had been in culture for as long as 2 1/2 mo. The addition of serum to NI medium played an important role in maintaining and protecting the functional integrity of the reproductive system.
Emerging insights into alternative end‑joining: Mechanisms, genome instability and therapeutic opportunities in cancer (Review)

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Genome instability is a central hallmark of cancer, driven by aberrant DNA damage responses that facilitate tumor evolution and resistance to therapy. Although canonical non‑homologous end joining and homologous recombination are well‑characterized pathways for repairing DNA double‑strand breaks (DSBs), recent advances have revealed that cancer cells increasingly depend on alternative end‑joining (alt‑EJ) to survive persistent DNA damage that arises from intrinsic stresses or external therapies. Alt‑EJ, characterized by its reliance on microhomologous sequences at DSB sites, promotes mutation accumulation and chromosomal rearrangements, thereby driving genomic instability and tumor progression. Despite its pivotal role in cancer biology, the molecular regulation, contextual determinants and dualistic role of alt‑EJ in maintaining genome integrity compared with promoting instability remain incompletely understood. The present review integrated the latest mechanistic insights into alt‑EJ, elucidated its regulatory networks and interactions with canonical DSB repair pathways and discussed its consequences for cancer genome integrity and evolution. Furthermore, it highlighted the emerging potential of alt‑EJ as a therapeutic vulnerability for cancer, underscoring the urgent need to translate these discoveries into innovative treatment strategies aimed at overcoming therapy resistance and improving patient outcomes.
A Case for Pathologic Blastocystis Hominis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction:Blastocystis hominis is an anaerobic enteric protozoan parasite observed in humans and animals worldwide, with its highest prevalence in developing countries. It is thought to be spread via fecal-oral transmission. Since its discovery in the early 1900s, the clinical implications of Blastocystis have been debated as to whether or not it is pathologic and causes symptoms. We present a patient with abdominal discomfort, bloating, and diarrhea that argues for a pathogenic role of Blastocystis. Case: A 64-year-old male with a history of hereditary hemochromatosis presented with high frequency loose stools, nausea, and bloating for 2 months. The patient's hemochromatosis was well controlled with no evidence of cirrhosis. Stool culture and Clostridium difficile toxin assay. Serum tissue transglutaminase IgA antibody was negative. Ova and parasite fecal testing was positive for Blastocystis hominis. The patient was treated with metronidazole 500mg three times daily for ten days with no improvement in symptoms. Repeat stool testing showed persistence of Blastocystis. The patient was then treated with a 7 day course of trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, and his symptoms improved for a period of time. Unfortunately, a few months later his symptoms of bloating and loose stools recurred. Testing for stool ova and parasites again showed persistence of Blastocystis. The patient was treated with one dose of 2g of tinidazole, and his symptoms resolved. Follow up stool testing showed eradication of Blastocystis. To date, the patient has had no further recurrence of bloating or loose stools. Discussion: The majority of individuals inoculated with Blastocystis are asymptomatic. This has led many to believe that the organism is not pathologic. A minority of patients with Blastocystis can develop symptoms of abdominal discomfort, bloating, and diarrhea; this may be secondary to co-infection with other pathogens, or may be related to the magnitude of parasite load. Our patient had persistence of symptoms with continued positive stools for Blastocystis until his third trial of therapy. Once his infection was eradicated, he had complete resolution of all symptoms. This case illustrates the potential for Blastocystis to be pathologic and how treatment should be approached for symptomatic patients. Author Disclosure: None.
Oathing, Law and Order in Colonial Gusiiland

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

<p>Though looked upon as informal and backward, oath-taking practices were employed in the administration of law and order among the Gusii people of Kenya during the colonial period. This chapter examines the role of oath-taking in the maintenance of law and order in colonial Gusiiland. More specifically, the chapter examines (1) the various types of oaths among the Gusii people; (2) the contribution of these various forms of oaths to the maintenance of law and order; (3) the relationship between oaths and gender among the Gusii people and (4) the impact of colonial administration on Gusii oath-taking ceremonies. Data which informed this chapter was obtained from archival sources as well as secondary literature. </p>
Characterizing the Precambrian Petroleum Systems of Eastern Siberia: Evidence from Oil Geochemistry and Basin Modeling

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Uncertainties regarding the number, location, and areal extent of Precambrian petroleum systems in Eastern Siberia are primarily attributed to a lack of direct source rock data. This study provides an indirect characterization of source rocks contributing to petroliferous areas (PAs) in the southern Lena-Tunguska region through an assessment of available geochemical data from oils and gases contained in reservoirs from the Vendian through lower Cambrian. Geochemical data and basin modeling were used to: (1) establish the number of source rocks contributing to hydrocarbon accumulations; (2) define source rock depositional systems and lithology; (3) estimate source rock thermal maturity; and (4) predict source location and migration patterns. In this study, geochemical interpretations are made on oil and gas data available from the published literature and GeoMark Reservoir Fluid Database and include comparisons of samples from the Nepa-Botuoba, Angara-Yenisey, Katanga Saddle, and Baykit PAs. One-dimensional maturity models of pseudo-wells in the Nepa-Botuoba and Angara-Yenisey PAs are constructed incorporating inferred source rock characteristics to constrain the timing and thermal histories of the petroleum system components. Results from this study confirm that the Eastern Siberian oils are non-biodegraded and were generated within the main oil window from Precambrian sources. Significant geochemical differences among oils from the Nepa-Botuoba, Angara- Yenisey, and Baykit PAs strongly support hydrocarbon generation from three distinct source rocks. Furthermore, biomarker and bulk oil parameters indicate lateral hydrocarbon migration across the Nepa-Botuoba anteclise that originated from a single source. These findings both advance the current understanding of the East Siberian petroleum systems and have direct consequences for prediction of fluid characteristics at the field and reservoir scales.
Measurement of left ventricular mass in rats using electrocardiogram-gated magnetic resonance imaging

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

To evaluate the ability of electrocardiogram (ECG)-gated magnetic resonance (MR) imaging to assess in vivo left ventricular (LV) mass in the rat, we studied 20 healthy adult Sprague-Dawley and Fischer 344 rats and 8 additional rats that underwent scanning after induction of volume overload by aortic leaflet disruption. ECG-gated spin-echo pulse sequences were used to acquire a series of 1-mm thick modified short-axis images of the left ventricle. The area enclosed by the endocardial and epicardial borders of the left ventricle was multiplied by the interslice distance and specific gravity of myocardium to obtain calculated slice mass. Total LV mass was obtained by summing the individual slices. The calculated value for LV mass was then compared with the LV mass as determined at postmortem examination. Linear regression analysis showed an excellent correlation of MR-estimated mass (x) with autopsy-measured LV mass (y) (y = 0.90x + 65, r = 0.98). For this method intraobserved and interobserver slice correlations were 0.97 and 0.96, respectively. There was no significant difference in LV mass as determined from a series of diastolic vs. systolic images in a subset of six animals. Over a mean of 6.5 wk of observation, LV mass increased by 40% in the animals subjected to aortic leaflet disruption. These results demonstrate that MR imaging is highly accurate for the non-invasive in vivo assessment of LV mass in the adult rat.
Intention, intentional action and moral considerations

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Adams, F. 1986. Intention and intentional action: the simple view. Mind and Language 1: 281–301. Adams, F. 1997. Cognitive trying. In Contemporary Action Theory, vol. 1, ed. G. Holmstron-Hintikka and R. Tuomela, 287–314. Dordrecht: Kluwer. Bratman, M. 1987. Intention, Plans, and Practical Reason. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Cosmides, L. and J. Tooby. 1994. The Adapted Mind. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Grice, H. P. 1989. Studies in the Ways of Words. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Harman, G. 1976. Practical reasoning. Review of Metaphysics 29: 431–63. Knobe, J. 2003a. Intentional action and side effects in ordinary language. Analysis 63: 190–94. Knobe, J. 2003b. Intentional action in folk psychology: an experimental investigation. Philosophical Psychology 16: 309–24. Malle, B. and J. Knobe. 1997. The folk concept of intentionality. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 33: 101–21. Malle, B., L. Moses and D. Baldwin, eds. 2001. Intentions and Intentionality: Foundations of Social Cognition. Cambridge, MA: MIT/Bradford. McCann, H. 1986. Rationality and the range of intention. Midwest Studies in Philosophy 10: 191–211. Mele, A. 1992. Springs of Action. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Mele, A. 2001. Acting intentionally: probing folk notions. In Intentions and Intentionality: Foundations of Social Cognition, ed. B. Malle, L. Moses and D. Baldwin, 27–43. Cambridge, MA: MIT/Bradford. Mele, A. and S. Sverdlik. 1996. Intention, intentional action, and moral responsibility. Philosophical Studies 82: 265–87.
INTELLECTUALISM, EXPERIENCE, AND MOTOR UNDERSTANDING

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Intellectualism is by deﬁnition a vice – the vice of overstating the role of
intellect in experience and action, of seeing reason (or inferences, or concepts) where they are not. In what follows I ﬁnd some justiﬁcation for
Dreyfus’s charge that McDowell’s views are intellectualist in this sense. But
my reasons leave me room to agree with McDowell: our rational capacities
also do, in a way, “pervasively shape” our experience, and this can make it
misguided to look for some “core” of experience we share with sentient
creatures that lack them.
My criticism is rooted in a recognition that our experience is also“pervasively shaped” by something we certainly do share with other
animals – namely, a capacity for movement. Such movement, I will argue,
makes for changes in how things appear to us that cannot be completely
captured in concepts of those things that the appearances aﬀord. So, in this
sense, concepts do not completely “pervade” our experience; experience by
nature “runs ahead” of the thought that it makes possible. Further, this
dynamic structure of appearance, shaped by motor activity, makes objects
apparent to us; it is suﬃcient to yield “object directedness” – to give
us experience of space – even absent the powers of “self-critical rationality”
that McDowell deems essential. So we can share this spatial form of experience with animals that lack our intellectual self-consciousness, even if things
never look to them quite as they do to us.
Explaining these ideas will occupy roughly the ﬁrst two-thirds of this chap-ter. In the remainder, I will further develop these themes of self-consciousness
and sensorimotor activity by considering how Merleau-Ponty ﬁgures in the
Dreyfus/McDowell dispute. I will absolve him of McDowell’s charge that
he subscribes to some risible “Myth of the Disembodied Intellect.” Myinterpretation of the “impersonal existence” Merleau-Ponty says we lead as
perceivers will credit him with a more interesting view. It will ﬁnd him
engaged in a serious eﬀort to meet the challenge that animates much of
McDowell’s own work, that of how best to integrate a conception of ourselves as “active thinkers” with an understanding of our embodied, sentient
nature. Altogether, my remarks here will, I hope, contribute to an understanding of just where intellectualist pitfalls lie, and of where alternatives to
them may be sought.
The Pathogenic Mechanisms of and Novel Therapies for Lamin A/C-Related Dilated Cardiomyopathy Based on Patient-Specific Pluripotent Stem Cell Platforms and Animal Models

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Variants (pathogenic) of the LMNA gene are a common cause of familial dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), which is characterised by early-onset atrioventricular (AV) block, atrial fibrillation and ventricular tachyarrhythmias (VTs), and progressive heart failure. The unstable internal nuclear lamina observed in LMNA-related DCM is a consequence of the disassembly of lamins A and C. This suggests that LMNA variants produce truncated or alternative forms of protein that alter the nuclear structure and the signalling pathway related to cardiac muscle diseases. To date, the pathogenic mechanisms and phenotypes of LMNA-related DCM have been studied using different platforms, such as patient-specific induced pluripotent stem-cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) and transgenic mice. In this review, point variants in the LMNA gene that cause autosomal dominantly inherited forms of LMNA-related DCM are summarised. In addition, potential therapeutic targets based on preclinical studies of LMNA variants using transgenic mice and human iPSC-CMs are discussed. They include mitochondria deficiency, variants in nuclear deformation, chromatin remodelling, altered platelet-derived growth factor and ERK1/2-related pathways, and abnormal calcium handling.
Security and forensic computing: authentication.

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

4AUTHENTICATION, HASHING AND DIGITAL CERTIFICATES1304.1Introduction1304.2Methods of authentication1324.3Biometrics1344.4Message hash1364.5Authenticating the sender1404.6Digital certificates and PKI1434.7HMAC (Hash Message Authentication Code)1504.8Future of Authentication Systems - Kerberos1524.9Email encryption1564.10Tutorial1574.11Software Tutorial1584.12On-line Exercises1614.13Web Page Exercises1614.14NetworkSims exercises1624.15Chapter Lecture1624.16Reference162
Does Conscientiousness Matter for Academic Success? Considering Different Facets of Conscientiousness and Different Educational Outcomes

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Conscientiousness is the strongest BIG-5 predictor of academic success. Both conscientiousness and academic success are broad concepts, consisting of multiple lower level facets. Conscientiousness facets might display differential relations to different indicators of academic success. To investigate these relations, conscientiousness facets need to be measured in an economic and valid way. We conducted two studies, validating a short conscientiousness scale measuring seven facets of conscientiousness (Industriousness, Task Planning, Perfectionism, Procrastination Refrainment, Tidiness, Control, Cautiousness), and testing the relations of these facets with GPA, test scores, school satisfaction, and engagement. The results supported the validity of the scale. Industriousness, Perfectionism, and Cautiousness revealed the highest relations to academic outcomes. GPA and test scores showed differential associations with the different conscientiousness facets.
Diversity of Pathological Conditions Affecting Pituitary Stalk

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Pituitary stalk lesions (PSL) are a very rare pathology. The majority of conditions affecting the infundibulum do not present with clinically apparent symptoms, what makes the diagnosis difficult. The recognition might be also complicated by the non-specific and transient characteristics of hormonal insufficiencies. In our study, we retrospectively analysed demographic, biochemical, and clinical long-term data of 60 consecutive, unselected adult patients (34 women and 26 men) with PSL diagnosed in the Department of Endocrinology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow. The diagnosis of PSL were categorized as confirmed, probable, or undetermined in 26, 26 and 8 patients, accordingly. Given the possible aetiology congenital, inflammatory, and neoplastic stalk lesions were diagnosed in 17, 15 and 20 patients, accordingly. In eight cases the underlying pathology remained undetermined. The most common pituitary abnormality was gonadal insufficiency diagnosed in 50.8% of cases. Diabetes insipidus was detected in 23.3% of cases. In 5% of patients the pituitary function recovered partially over time. Stalk lesions were extensively discussed in the context of the current literature. Based on the published data and our own experience a diagnostic algorithm has been proposed to help physicians with the management of patients with this challenging condition.
Report of Hyalopeplus similis Poppius (Hemiptera: Miridae) Infesting Mango in India

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Hyalopeplus similis Poppius is herein reported attacking young mango fruits, the first report on the commercial variety, Amrapali. Feeding of the bug on the immature fruit surface led to damage that resulted in the development of scarring and pitted marks which enlarged as the fruit developed. As it is a direct pest on fruit this bug needs to be carefully monitored to prevent fruit loss and avoid quarantine issues. The bug was not recorded on older fruits closer to harvest.
Pitch, timbre, and level of processing in a two-tone dichotic auditory illusion

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The Duetsch paradigm that produces a two-tone dichotic auditory illusion with alternating 400-and 800-Hz tones [D. Deutsch, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. Suppl. 1 55, S18–S19 (1974)] was modified to clarify aspects of pitch, timbre, and level of processing. The 400-Hz sinusoid was replaced by a high-frequency complex tone (1000-1200-1400 Hz) whose residue pitch was perceived as the low stimulus. Significant results based on the responses of 21 subjects indicated that the illusion is pitch, and not frequency, based. The effect of timbre was found to be negligible and the results suggest that the level of processing of the illusion is cortical rather than subcortical, as is presently thought.
Perfusion information extracted from resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

It is widely known that blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) contrast in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is an indirect measure for neuronal activations through neurovascular coupling. The BOLD signal is also influenced by many non-neuronal physiological fluctuations. In previous resting state (RS) fMRI studies, we have identified a moving systemic low frequency oscillation (sLFO) in BOLD signal and were able to track its passage through the brain. We hypothesized that this seemingly intrinsic signal moves with the blood, and therefore, its dynamic patterns represent cerebral blood flow. In this study, we tested this hypothesis by performing Dynamic Susceptibility Contrast (DSC) MRI scans (i.e. bolus tracking) following the RS scans on eight healthy subjects. The dynamic patterns of sLFO derived from RS data were compared with the bolus flow visually and quantitatively. We found that the flow of sLFO derived from RS fMRI does to a large extent represent the blood flow measured with DSC. The small differences, we hypothesize, are largely due to the difference between the methods in their sensitivity to different vessel types. We conclude that the flow of sLFO in RS visualized by our time delay method represents the blood flow in the capillaries and veins in the brain.
Redox regulation in ruthenium(II) polypyridyl complexes and their application in solar energy conversion

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Ruthenium(II) complexes of the type [Ru(dmbip)(Hdcbpy)X], [Ru(dmbip)(Hdcbiq)X] and [Ru(dhbip)(Hdcbpy)X], where dmbip = 2,6-bis(1-methylbenzimidazol-2-yl)pyridine, dhbip = 2,6-bis(1-hexadecylbenzimidazol-2-yl)pyridine, H2dcbpy = 4,4′-dicarboxy-2,2′-bipyridine, H2dcbiq = 4,4′-dicarboxy-2,2′-biquinoline and X = Cl–, NCS–, CN– or H2O, have been synthesized and spectroscopically characterized. They act as efficient charge-transfer sensitizers, when anchored onto nanocrystalline TiO2 films. The lowest-energy metal-to-ligand charge-transfer transitions in these complexes could be tuned from 500 to 590 nm by choice of appropriate ligands and the highest occupied molecular orbital varied over 400 mV. Some of the complexes reported are emissive at room temperature. The ground- and excited-state pKa values of dcbpy complexes were measured by spectrophotometric and spectrofluorimetric titration. Resonance-Raman spectra show bands characteristic of the dmbip and dcbpy ligand for excitation at 468 nm, while excitation at 568 nm gave predominantly bands associated with the dcbpy ligand. The excited-state pKa values and the resonance-Raman data indicate that the lowest excited state is a metal to dcbpy or dcbiq ligand charge-transfer state.