jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Determinants of Political Participation in Urban Politics: A Los Angeles Case Study

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Levels of participation in Los Angeles are historically low (Almendrala, 2013; Sonenshein et al., 2014; Welsh, 2013). This trend concerns scholars and political activists alike (Lozano, 2006; Sonenshein, 2006). Increasing levels of political participation in Los Angeles, and nationally, requires understanding what moves people to become active. Analysis of polling conducted by the Pat Brown Institute sheds light on some of the factors that influence participation in Los Angeles. This analysis shows that voting frequency and political participation are largely motivated by education and political interest; access to news media does not appear to have a significant impact on neither voting nor participation. These factors underlie the phenomenon that whites are more likely to participate than non-whites, and those who are older more than those who are younger. This analysis provides inferences on what proposals might increase participation in Los Angeles, particularly among minority and younger voters.
THE TWO GREAT COMMANDMENTS IN THE TESTAMENTS OF THE TWELVE PATRIARCHS

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

L'a. cherche a montrer la complexite de l'etude des Pseudepigraphes de l'Ancien Testament et la prudence dont il faut faire preuve. S'appuyant sur le traitement des deux premiers commandements dans le Testament des Douze Patriarches, il etablit que, contrairement aux affirmations de R.H. Charles, il est impossible de dissocier d'eventuelles interpolations chretiennes du fond juif. L'etude de l'histoire de la transmission des Pseudepigraphes a convaincu l'a. de considerer les Pseudepigraphes de l'Ancien Testament avant tout comme litterature chretienne.
Mitochondrial complex I activity is required for maximal autophagy, Elnakat Thomas et al.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

These data include NMR and mass spec data from HEK293 cells treated with mTOR inhibitors and/or phenformin. NMR data was collected from 2 experiments: one following 6h treatments, and the second following 24h treatments. Mass spec for targeted phospholipids was performed on cells treated for 24h as described.
Theoretical Study on the Aggregation of Copper Clusters on a Liquid Surface

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The ground state structures of copper clusters with different sizes along with their aggregation have been systematic investigated using Amsterdam Density Functional (ADF) and Atomistix ToolKit (ATK) programs. On the basis of geometry optimization, some Cu clusters with more stable structures which were not reported previously have been revealed. In most cases, these Cu clusters prefer to adopt icosahedral structures which originate from the 13-atom icosahedron. It has also been demonstrated that the interaction between two Cu clusters is anisotropic, which is attributed to their charge distribution, especially the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) of Cu clusters. Moreover, we have carried out the simulation of Cu clusters aggregation on the silicone oil substrate by means of Monte Carlo (MC) method, which shows good consistence with our previous experimental studies.
The occurrence of motor fluctuations in parkinsonian patients treated long term with levodopa

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The aim of this study is to evaluate what factors influence the risk of occurrence of motor fluctuations in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) with particular reference to the role of early or delayed introduction of levodopa therapy during the course of the disease. One hundred twenty-five consecutive newly diagnosed patients with PD started levodopa treatment at the time diagnosis and were followed for 2 to 10 years. During follow-up, 60 patients had wearing-off or early morning akinesia. We estimated the cumulative time-dependent risk of motor fluctuation occurrence through a multivariable analysis. The risk was lower for patients with tremor-predominant PD, for those with shorter disease duration prior to levodopa, and for those who were relatively older at levodopa initiation. Our results suggest that, as far as motor fluctuations are concerned, disease prognosis is not influenced by early levodopa treatment. These observation support the introduction of levodopa as soon as there is a subjective need for the patients to maintain their level of social and work performance.
Fibrinolytic protein from the venom of Calloselasma rhodostoma

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Malayan pit viper (Calloselasma rhodostoma) envenomation is a major health problem in south east Asian countries. Durign envenomation, the venom component mainly effects the hemostatic system and the venom also exhibits strong fibrinolytic activity. In this research, fibrinolytic enzyme from C. rhodostoma venom was purified in three step including hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC), size exclusion chromatography with protein-pak[superscript TM] 125 column and finally with protein-pak[superscript TM] 60 column. Electrophoresis titration curve of protein was investigated. The biological activities were determined including fibrinolytic and hemorrhagic, disintegrin and gelatinase activities. Purified fibrinolytic enzyme showed gelatinase and insulin b chain digestion without hemorrhagic and disintegrin activities. In additionally, insulin b chain digestion was inhibited by Virginia opossum (Didelphis verginianan) serum. This enzyme was characterized to be a fibrinogenase because it digest a chain of human fibrinogen. From Mass spectrometry analysis, This enzyme was composed of 236 amino acid residue with molecular weigh of 26701.5 Da. Three dimensional model revealing active site and post translation modification were calculated using swiss model program.
Vehicle Engines Produce Exhaust Nanoparticles Even When Not Fueled

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Vehicle engines produce submicrometer exhaust particles affecting air quality, especially in urban environments. In on-road exhaust studies with a heavy duty diesel vehicle and in laboratory studies with two gasoline-fueled passenger cars, we found that as much as 20-30% of the number of exhaust particles larger than 3 nm may be formed during engine braking conditions-that is, during decelerations and downhill driving while the engine is not fueled. Particles appeared at size ranges extending even below 7 nm and at high number concentrations. Their small size and nonvolatility, coupled with the observation that these particles contain lube-oil-derived metals zinc, phosphorus, and calcium, are suggestive of health risks at least similar to those of exhaust particles observed before. The particles' characteristics indicate that their emissions can be reduced using exhaust after-treatment devices, although these devices have not been mandated for all relevant vehicle types. Altogether, our findings enhance the understanding of the formation vehicle emissions and allow for improved protection of human health in proximity to traffic.
The Application of Risk Analysis Based on the Gray Relational Analysis in Power Engineering Comprehensive Evaluation

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Combined with the characteristics of power engineering projects, the paper introduces a kind of theoretical model that leads gray relational analysis and risk analysis into AHP appraisal method. This article describes the application steps of the model by a case. This article's main focus is the membership of risk index and the index weight. In the risk comprehensive evaluation model, the paper adopts the risk analysis method and gray relational analysis method to determine the membership and the weight of risk index. This model is considered to be the virtue of the subjective weight and the objective one. It can improve the accuracy of the evaluation.
FIELD STUDY ON THE POTENTIAL BENEFIT OF DIFFERENT SIDE AIRBAG SYSTEMS

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In the opinion of accident researchers, in side-impact collisions top priority should be given to protecting the head. However, the side airbags so far offered and installed in production cars are systems primarily dedicated to protecting the upper part of the occupant's body. Introducing a side airbag system for the head area proved to be very much more difficult. For this reason systems such as the ITS presented by BMW are appearing on the market with something of a delay compared with the thorax airbag. In order to assess the various approaches adopted for this specific form of protection system, the requirements must be defined, the test procedures described and a form of shopping list drawn up to permit comparisons to be made. [A] For the covering abstract, see IRRD 896528.
Glycans as Biomarkers: Status and Perspectives

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Glycans as Biomarkers: Status and Perspectives Protein glycosylation is a ubiquitous and complex co- and post-translational modification leading to glycan formation, i.e. oligosaccharide chains covalently attached to peptide backbones. The significance of changes in glycosylation for the beginning, progress and outcome of different human diseases is widely recognized. Thus, glycans are considered as unique structures to diagnose, predict susceptibility to and monitor the progression of disease. In the »omics« era, the glycome, a glycan analogue of the proteome and genome, holds considerable promise as a source of new biomarkers. In the design of a strategy for biomarker discovery, new principles and platforms for the analysis of relatively small amounts of numerous glycoproteins are needed. Emerging glycomics technologies comprising different types of mass spectrometry and affinity-based arrays are next in line to deliver new analytical procedures in the field of biomarkers. Screening different types of glycomolecules, selection of differentially expressed components, their enrichment and purification or identification are the most challenging parts of experimental and clinical glycoproteomics. This requires large-scale technologies enabling high sensitivity, proper standardization and validation of the methods to be used. Further progress in the field of applied glycoscience requires an integrated systematic approach in order to explore properly all opportunities for disease diagnosis.
Validación y estudio piloto de una escala para la competencia en seguridad digital del profesorado en centros educativos desde un enfoque PLS-SEM

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Given the current challenges and issues, such as the risks and threats inherent in the use of the internet and smart devices, it is essential to be competent in digital security and behave ethically in digital environments. Therefore, the study aimed to design and validate the COSEDI instrument based on the European Framework for Digital Competence for Citizens (DigComp). To achieve this, an analysis based on structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) was conducted, employing a non-experimental and quantitative methodology. The representative sample consisted of 497 teachers from the public education system in Andalusia, with a pilot study involving 60 teachers, who were excluded from the final analysis. The results demonstrate the validity and reliability of the instrument by illustrating the causal relationships between the constructs of data and privacy protection, device protection, environmental protection, and health and well-being protection. This is further supported by the inclusion of observed variables, as evidenced by the values of factor loadings and significance. Thus, the model supports the idea that the four latent variables influence each other, with the relationship between data and privacy protection and device protection being the strongest and most significant, while the weakest relationship is observed between the protection of personal data and environmental protection. Ante los retos y desafíos actuales, como son los riesgos y amenazas inherentes al uso de internet y los dispositivos inteligentes, se hace indispensable ser competentes en seguridad digital y comportarnos éticamente en los entornos digitales. Por ello, el estudio ha tenido como objetivo diseñar y validar el instrumento COSEDI, basado en el Marco Europeo de Competencias Digitales para la Ciudadanía (DigComp). Para ello, se ha realizado un análisis basado en el modelado de ecuaciones estructurales (PLS-SEM), con una metodología de corte no experimental y cuantitativa. La muestra representativa ha quedado conformada por 497 profesores del sistema educativo público de Andalucía. Los resultados muestran la validez y fiabilidad del instrumento a través de la demostración de las relaciones causales entre los constructos de protección de datos y privacidad, protección de dispositivos, protección medioambiental y protección de la salud y el bienestar, así como la pertenencia de las variables observadas que los conforman, a través de los valores de las cargas factoriales y significancia. Por tanto, el modelo avala la idea de que las cuatro variables latentes tienen una influencia las unas sobre las otras, siendo la relación entre la protección de datos y privacidad y la protección de dispositivos la más fuerte y significativa, mientras que la más débil se da entre la protección de datos personales y protección medioambiental.
A forward genetic screen for Caenorhabditis elegans pharyngeal gland cell defects and characterization of mutagenized strains with a homozygous viable gland cell under migration

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Caenorhabditis elegans is a powerful genetic tool to study development. The pharynx is a neuromuscular organ of the upper digestive tract used to study how cells regulate their shape and movements during development. In the embryo, a receptor tyrosine kinase-like receptor (ROR), cam-1, is necessary for a single dorsal gland cell to migrate through the pharynx. A mutagenesis screen to isolate factors that may work with cam-1 examined 4,986 haploid genomes and isolated 60 strains with gland cell defects. Snip-SNP mapping placed one strain on the first chromosome, seven strains on the fourth, and one strain on the X chromosome. Complementation crosses and whole genome sequencing identified the LG IV mutations as cwn-2, a Wnt ligand, and ham-1, a storkhead box factor. The mutations on LG I and X require further testing to confirm the causative lesion. ham-1 RNAi in the cam-1 null background suggests that ham-1 and cam-1 function in different genetic pathways.
Assessment of blood and urine pregnancy associated glycoproein1 (PAG1) in pregnant and aborted (type) Osseimi ewes.

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

The early pregnancy diagnosis in ewes has economic importance for the sheep industry.The study aimed to determine the ovine pregnancyassociated glycoproteins (PAGs) profile in the serum and urine of Osseimi ewes from mating day till Day 90 of gestation at specific time periods, and to study the correlation between the maternal PAG levels in the serum of pregnant, non -pregnant and aborted ewes, and the number of feti.The results reported that the serum and urinary PAGs were significantly detected at Day 16 of gestation and increased gradually till reached to peak at Day 60 then decline at Day 90 of gestation.There was a positive correlation between the PAGS level and the number of feti and between PAGS and progesterone levels at Days 60-90 of gestation.The concentration of PAGs in serum was declined at Day 45 of gestation and reached the basal line at Day 90.The concentration of PAGs was also higher in multiple pregnant than single pregnant ewes.In conclusion, the PAGs can be detected in the serum and urine at Day 16 of gestation in ewes and it may be used as a useful tool for the detection of both pregnancy in the early stage and the number of feti in pregnant ewes.
SH1753238.08FU

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.
Analysis of Reactions in Aqueous Solution Using Fast Atom Bombardment Mass Spectrometry

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry has been utilized for the quantitative determination of ionic species, in glycerol/water solutions, which are produced by chemical and enzymic reactions. It is shown that reaction constants can be determined in this manner and that they can be accurately related to those determined by other methods used in the analysis of aqueous solutions. The reactions studied include proton dissociation constants for organic acids, an enzyme equilibrium constant, and enzyme rate constants using natural substrates.
Nonclassical Odd–even Alternation in Mixed-Chain Diacylethanolamines: Implications of Polymorphism

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

N,O-Diacylethanolamines (DAEs), derived by the O-acylation of bioactive N-acylethanolamines (NAEs), are most likely present in biological membranes. In the present study, a homologous series of mixed chain DAEs with an N-palmitoyl chain and varying O-acyl chains (n = 6–16) have been synthesized and characterized. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) studies revealed a nonclassical type of odd–even alternation in the enthalpy and entropy of melting, with the odd–even effect becoming more prominent with increase in the O-acyl chain length. This was rationalized by analyzing the 3-dimensional structures of several DAEs. In most cases, two types of packing polymorphs (α and β) were observed; while the α polymorph is characterized by a mixed type of chain packing, in the β polymorph the chain packing is symmetric. Analysis of the crystal structures revealed that the odd–even effect is manifested through differences in the packing of acyl chains, with the packing being closer when both chains are even. A possible role of polymorphism in the odd–even effect has also been considered, and it was suggested that the nonclassical behavior observed in the alternation could be attributed to the presence of different fractions of the α and β forms in the bulk mixture. Similar nonclassical odd–even effects and polymorphism may exist in other mixed chain systems, which adopt an “L” shape.
Current Status of Laparoscopic Liver Resection in Korea

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Since laparoscopic liver resection was first introduced in 2001, Korean surgeons have chosen a laparoscopic procedure as one of the treatment options for benign or malignant liver disease. We distributed and analyzed a nationwide questionnaire to members of the Korean Laparoscopic Liver Surgery Study Group (KLLSG) in order to evaluate the current status of laparoscopic liver resection in Korea. Questionnaires were sent to 24 centers of KLLSG. The questionnaire consisted of operative procedure, histological diagnosis of liver lesions, indications for resection, causes of conversion to open surgery, and postoperative outcomes. A laparoscopic liver resection was performed in 416 patients from 2001 to 2008. Of 416 patients, 59.6% had malignant tumors, and 40.4% had benign diseases. A total laparoscopic approach was performed in 88.7%. Anatomical laparoscopic liver resection was more commonly performed than non-anatomical resection (59.9% vs 40.1%). The anatomical laparoscopic liver resection procedures consisted of a left lateral sectionectomy (29.3%), left hemihepatectomy (19.2%), right hemihepatectomy (6%), right posterior sectionectomy (4.3%), central bisectionectomy (0.5%), and caudate lobectomy (0.5%). Laparoscopy-related serious complications occurred in 12 (2.8%) patients. The present study findings provide data in terms of indication, type and method of liver resection, and current status of laparoscopic liver resection in Korea.
Inspection Policies for Reliability

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract The rôle of inspections in improving reliability is discussed, and a distinction is drawn between inspections of standby equipment, that “waits to work”, and inspections of equipment such as a production line that is in continuous use. Simple examples of both situations are given, and some of the complexities of the various models used are discussed and referenced. It is stressed that models are valueless for practical purposes without checking that they are appropriate, and without estimation of their parameters.
Hematological Parameters for Predicting Mortality in Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

(1) Introduction: COPD is a common and serious condition affecting a significant proportion of the population globally. Patients often suffer from exacerbations which lead to the worsening of their health status and respiratory function, and can often lead to death. Quick and cheap investigations are required that are capable of predicting mortality in patients with acute exacerbations that can be applied in low resource settings. (2) Materials and methods: This was a retrospective study carried out using hospital records of patients admitted for AECOPD from 1 January 2017 to 30 November 2022. Chi-square test (for sex) and Student’s t-test were used to look for significant associations. Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) curves were plotted and Area Under Curve (AUC) values were calculated for various hematological parameters. Youden’s J was used to identify the ideal cut-off with optimal sensitivity and specificity. Multivariate Cox regression was used to identify independent hematological predictors of mortality. Kaplan–Meir survival plots for neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR) with the optimal cut-off were plotted. (3) Results: Amongst the 500 patients, 42 died while 458 survived, giving a mortality rate of 8.4%. NLR had the strongest association with mortality. The cut-off for various parameters were: NLR 14.83 (AUC 0.73), total leukocyte count (TLC) 13,640 cells/mm3 (AUC 0.60), absolute neutrophil count (ANC) 12,556 cells/mm3 (AUC 0.62), derived NLR (dNLR) 9.989 (AUC 0.73), hemoglobin 11.8 mg/dL (AUC 0.59), packed cell volume (PCV) 36.6% (AUC 0.60), and platelet lymphocyte ratio (PLR) 451.32 (AUC 0.55). (4) Conclusions: In patients with acute exacerbation of COPD, NLR was strongly associated with mortality, followed by dNLR. Cox regression identified NLR as an independent predictor of mortality.