jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Visualizing GABA A Receptor Trafficking Dynamics with Fluorogenic Protein Labeling

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract It is increasingly evident that neurotransmitter receptors, including ionotropic GABA A receptors (GABAARs), exhibit highly dynamic trafficking and cell surface mobility. Regulated trafficking to and from the surface is a critical determinant of GABAAR neurotransmission. Receptors delivered by exocytosis diffuse laterally in the plasma membrane, with tethering and reduced movement at synapses occurring through receptor interactions with the subsynaptic scaffold. After diffusion away from synapses, receptors are internalized by clathrin‐dependent endocytosis at extrasynaptic sites and can be either recycled back to the cell membrane or degraded in lysosomes. To study the dynamics of these key trafficking events in neurons, we have developed novel optical methods based around receptors containing a dual‐tagged γ2 subunit (γ2pHFAP) in combination with fluorogen dyes. Specifically, the GABAAR γ2 subunit is tagged with a pH‐sensitive green fluorescent protein and a fluorogen‐activating peptide (FAP). The FAP allows receptor labeling with fluorogen dyes that are optically silent until bound to the FAP. Combining FAP and fluorescent imaging with organelle labeling allows novel and accurate measurement of receptor turnover and accumulation into intracellular compartments under basal conditions in scenarios ranging from in vitro seizure models to drug exposure paradigms. Here we provide a protocol to track and quantify receptors in transit from the neuronal surface to endosomes and lysosomes. This protocol is readily applicable to cell lines and primary cells, allowing rapid quantitative measurements of receptor surface levels and postendocytic trafficking decisions. © 2020 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Basic Protocol 1 : Preparation of cortical neuronal cultures for imaging assays Basic Protocol 2 : Surface receptor internalization and trafficking to early endosomes Basic Protocol 3 : Measurement of receptor steady state surface level, synaptic level, and lysosomal targeting
Myelodysplastic syndrome-refractory thrombocytopenia treated by dose-reduced decitabine

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective:To summarize the experience of dose-reduced decitabine in treating 3 patients with myelodysplastic syndrome-refractory thrombocytopenia(MDS-RT). Method:Dose-reduced decitabine was used to treat 3 patients with MDS-RT for the first course:20 mg/m2,iv 1 h,qd×3 d.Then No.2 patient went on to get decitabine-treatment for 3 courses and No.3 patient chose immunosuppressive therapy. Result:The platelet count of No.1 patient increased from 5×109/L to 45×109/L after one course treatment and the platelet count of No.2 patient increased from 5×109/L to 45×109/L.These two patients both got rid of platelet transfusion and the count of platelet was stable in the following 6 months.No.3 Patient still depended on platelet transfusion and transformed into AML-M_5 in the next 5 months. Conclusion:Dose-reduced decitabine treating MDS-RT may ameliorate platelet transfusion dependence and thrombocytopenia,while its side-effect is not serious.Moreover,the efficiency of decitabine need to be tested in large sample study.
Celebrations, Exaltations and Alpha Lands: Everyday geographies of the far-right

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

There is a gap in research that considers, and spatializes, the everyday geographies of far-right encounters, socialization, recreation and leisure. While much research considers the end-stages of right-wing radicalisation and focuses on the extreme right (e.g., hate groups, fringe political parties, despotic leaders, specific eruptions and episodes of violence or terror, online rhetoric), the daily processes, moments and spatial configurations in-between the mainstream and extreme are sometimes overlooked. These are crucial to understand, in order to develop a more nuanced and effective language in recognizing, responding to, and combatting right-wing radicalisation. This paper thus addresses the geographical blind spot by spatializing the everyday life of the far-right, through a three-pronged taxonomy. Drawing from ethnographic observations and social media and socio-demographic analyses, the paper argues that three geographies in particular emerge as nodes of far-right formation (attached to specific sites and online/offline): a) spaces of recreation and leisure ("Celebrations"); b) spaces of faith and spirituality ("Exaltations"); and c) spaces of the corporeal ("Alpha Lands"). These spaces intersect, extend across urban, peri-urban and rural terrains, and do not necessarily adhere to established political or territorial borders and boundaries, but rather, can be envisioned as multi-scalar spatial fixes, laden with political possibilities.
The Effect of Cationic Polyamidoamine Dendrimers on Physicochemical Characteristics of Hydrogels with Erythromycin

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Polyamidoamine dendrimers (PAMAM) represent a new class of hyperbranched, monodisperse, three-dimensional polymers with unique properties, which make them very promising carriers of antimicrobial agents. The present study aimed to evaluate the influence of PAMAM-NH2 dendrimers generation two (G2) or three (G3) on physicochemical characteristics and structure of hydrogels with a model antibacterial lipophilic drug—erythromycin—commonly used in topical applications. From the obtained rheograms, it can be concluded that tested hydrogels were non-Newtonian thixotropic systems with shear-thinning behaviour. The dissolution tests revealed that erythromycin was definitely faster released from formulations containing PAMAM-NH2 in concentration and generation dependent manner. However, the addition of PAMAM-NH2 to hydrogels evoked only slight improvement of their antibacterial activity. It was also shown that the structure of hydrogels changed in the presence of PAMAM-NH2 becoming less compact, diversified and more porous. Designed hydrogels with PAMAM-NH2 G2 or G3 were stable stored up to three months at 40 ± 2 °C and 75% ± 5% RH.
Characterization of Baboon Cortical Bone Microstructural Changes by Low Field NMR and Correlation of Bone Mechanical Properties

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A NMR spin-spin (T2) relaxation technique has been described for determining the porosity, mobile and the bound water distribution in baboon cortical bone and correlate to their mechanical properties. The technique of low-field proton NMR involves spin-spin relaxation and free induction decay (FID) measurements, and the computational inversion methods for decay data analysis. The advantages of using NMR T2 relaxation techniques for bone water distribution are illustrated. The CPMG T2 relaxation data can be inverted to T2 relaxation distribution and this distribution then can be transformed to a pore size distribution with the longer relaxation times corresponding to larger pores. The FID T2 relaxation data can be inverted to T2 relaxation distribution and this distribution then can be transformed to bound and mobile water distribution with the longest relaxation time corresponding to mobile water and the middle relaxation time corresponding to bound water. The technique is applied to quantify apparent changes in porosity, bound and mobile water in cortical bone. Overall bone porosity is determined using the calibrated NMR fluid volume from the proton relaxation data divided by overall bone volume. The NMR porosity, bound and mobile water components are determined from cortical bone specimens obtained from baboon donors of different ages, and the results are correlated to bone mechanical properties.
Stability and bifurcation analysis of a discrete-time plant-herbivore model with harvesting effect

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

<abstract><p>The dynamics of plant-herbivore interactions are essential for understanding ecosystem stability and resilience. This article investigated the effects of incorporating a harvesting effect on the dynamics of a discrete-time plant-herbivore system. An analysis was performed to determine the existence and stability of fixed points. In addition, studies have shown that the system experienced transcritical, period-doubling, and Neimark-Sacker bifurcations. Moreover, we provided numerical simulations to substantiate our theoretical results. Our research indicated that harvesting in excessive amounts may have negative effects on the populations of both plants and herbivores. However, when harvesting was done at moderate levels, it promoted the coexistence and stability of both populations. The findings of our analysis provided a deep understanding of the intricate dynamics of ecological systems and underscored the need to use sustainable harvesting methods for the management and preservation of ecosystems.</p></abstract>
Functional Morphology of the Olfactory Organs in the Spiny Dogfish (Squalus acanthias L.) and the Small‐spotted Catshark (Scyliorhinus canicula (L.))

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract The morphology of the olfactory organs in two sharks, the spiny dogfish and the small‐spotted catshark, was studied by light microscopy and electron microscopy (TEM and SEM). The olfactory epithelium is arranged on olfactory lamellae which are provided with secondary folds. The epithelium mainly consists of microvillous receptor cells, multiciliated supporting cells and basal cells. The find of only one type of receptor cells, the microvillous type, is discussed and the condition considered a derived (apomorphic) character. The route of the water current through the olfactory organ and the different driving forces of the ventilation process are subject to discussion. In both the pelagic dogfish and the bottom‐dwelling catshark the pressure difference between the incurrent and excurrent nostrils achieved by active swimming appears to be the driving force, whereas the role of the beating of the non‐sensory cilia is not evident. In the bottom‐dwelling catshark the ventilation of the olfactory organ is also supported by the respiratory activity.
Genetic and Molecular Insights Into the Role of PROX1 in Glucose Metabolism

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Genome-wide association studies have shown that the rs340874 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in PROX1 is a genetic susceptibility factor for type 2 diabetes. We conducted genetic and molecular studies to better understand the role of PROX1 in type 2 diabetes. We assessed the impact of the whole common genetic variability of PROX1 (80 SNPs) on type 2 diabetes–related biochemical traits in the HELENA (Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence) study (n = 1,155). Three SNPs (rs340838, rs340837, and rs340836) were significantly associated with fasting plasma insulin levels (P ≤ 0.00295). We evaluated the impact of nine PROX1 SNPs (the three insulin-associated SNPs plus six SNPs in strong linkage disequilibrium) on luciferase reporter gene expression. The insulin-lowering alleles of rs340874, rs340873, and rs340835 were associated with lower luciferase activity in MIN6 and HepG2 cells (except for rs340874, which was in HepG2 cells only). Electrophoretic mobility shift assays indicated that specific nuclear protein bindings occur at the three SNPs in HepG2 cells, with allele-binding differences for rs340874. We also showed that the knockdown of Prox1 expression by small interfering RNAs in INS-1E cells resulted in a 1.7-fold reduction in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. All together, we propose that reduced expression of PROX1 by cis-regulatory variants results in altered β-cell insulin secretion and thereby confers susceptibility to type 2 diabetes.
Beam Measurements of the LHC Impedance and Validation of the Impedance Model

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Different measurements of the longitudinal impedance of the LHC done with single bunches with various intensities and longitudinal emittances during measurement sessions in 2011-2012 are compared with particle simulations based on the existing LHC impedance model. The very low reactive impedance of the LHC, with Im(Z/n) around 0.1 Ohm, is not easy to measure. The most sensitive observation is the loss of Landau damping during acceleration, which shows at which energy bunches become unstable depending on their parameters. In addition, the synchrotron frequency shift due to the reactive impedance was estimated following two methods. Firstly, it was obtained from the peak-detected Schottky spectrum. Secondly, a sine modulation in the RF phase was applied to the bunches with different intensities and the modulation frequency was scanned. In both cases, the synchrotron frequency shift was of the order of the measurement precision.
Curvature Inversion Technique

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To assess the laser‐assisted curvature inversion technique for the treatment of patients with patulous Eustachian tube (PET). Study Design Case series with planned data collection. Setting Tertiary care medical center. Subjects and Methods Eleven patients with Eustachian tube dysfunction underwent laser‐assisted curvature inversion technique (CIT) of the medial and lateral lamina of the Eustachian tube. A KTP laser is used to cross‐hatch the medial and lateral lamina of the tube to modify the curvature and to alter the spring of the posterior cushion. A change in the direction of the cartilaginous structure curvature is created to promote full closure of the patulous gap without interfering with the tube’s muscular activity. None of the patients had any concurrent disease or additional surgical procedure. Results There were no surgical complications. Following CIT, subjective symptoms of autophony on nasal breathing improved in 9 of 11 patients (81.8%), while voice autophony improved in 8 patients (72.7%); posterior cushion curvature became inverted and less wide, and the valve was seen more closed postoperatively on simple endoscopy and slow‐motion video‐endoscopic analysis. On otoscopy, abnormal tympanic membrane excursions disappeared in 10 of 11 patients (90.9%). Mean immittance changes in tympanometric measurements for the forced respiration conditions improved postoperatively at least 0.05 mmhos in 9 of 11 patients (81.1%; P =. 015). The follow‐up period was 24 months. Conclusion CIT appears to be a promising and relatively feasible technique for the treatment of PET.
Cognitive Dysfunction in Patients with Common Peripheral Vestibular Disorders: A Comparative Study Using the Persian Version of the Neuropsychological Vertigo Inventory

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract

Background and Purpose Cognitive impairments are increasingly acknowledged in individuals affected by vestibular disorders, particularly those with peripheral etiologies such as benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV), Ménière’s disease, and vestibular migraine. This study aimed to compare the extent cognitive dysfunction among patients with these three common peripheral vestibular conditions using the Persian version of the Neuropsychological Vertigo Inventory (P-NVI). Methods A total of 133 patients aged 25–80 years diagnosed with BPPV, Ménière’s disease, or vestibular migraine completed the Persian version of the NVI. The NVI assesses cognitive function across seven domains: spatial perception, temporal perception, attention, memory, emotions, vision, and movement. Descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA, two-way ANOVA, and Tukey’s test were used for statistical analysis. Results Patients with vestibular migraine exhibited the highest mean P-NVI scores (M = 42.00), followed by Ménière’s disease (M = 27.82), and BPPV (M = 19.45). Significant differences were observed across disease groups in total and subscale P-NVI scores (p < 0.05). Age and gender interactions were also significant. Notably, patients with vestibular migraine demonstrated higher impairments in attention and visual processing. Conclusion The Persian version of the NVI(P-NVI ) appears to be a reliable tool for assessing cognitive dysfunction in vestibular patients. Vestibular migraine is associated with more severe cognitive deficits compared to BPPV and Ménière’s disease. These findings highlighted the clinical value of incorporating cognitive screening into vestibular evaluations to optimize diagnosis and management.
Association of serum pentraxin 3 levels with comorbidities in acute ischaemic stroke patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aims: Pentraxin 3 (PTX3), an indicator of the inflammatory process, is an acute-phase protein (AP) with biphasic effect. In the present study, the relationship between PTX3 levels and stroke risk factors in stroke patients were analyzed. Methods: Acute stroke patients (n=56) were diagnosed using imaging techniques and clinical examination along with and their laboratory results. The control group consisted of thirty healthy individuals. Blood samples of the patient group were obtained within the first 24 hours of stroke onset. Serum pentraxin levels of both groups were analyzed and their relationship with stroke risk factors evaluated. Results: A total of 86 people, 56 stroke patients and 30 healthy controls were included in the present study. Out of the participants, in both groups, 50% were female (p=1.000). No significant difference was determined between the groups in terms of age (p=0.226). The pentraxin value in the patient group was significantly lower than that in the control group (p=0.003). No significant difference between gender and presence of comorbidities in terms of PTX3 value (p>0.05) were present. Likewise, no significant correlation could be established between PTX3 value and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and age in the patient group. Conclusion: Serum PTX3 can be used as a biomarker in acute stroke patients. However, it cannot be used as a predicator in determining prognosis during the acute period.
Exenatide for treatment of obese type 2 diabetes: the Townsville Hospital experience

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background / Aims: Exenatide is a glucagon-like peptide-type 1 (GLP-1) approved for treatment of diabetes. Unlike insulin it has an added advantage of lowering body weight in obese type 2 diabetics. Literature for its therapeutic usefulness in Australian population is scanty and in North Queensland is lacking despite reportedly high prevalence of diabetes, obesity in the region. The aim of the study was to document metabolic effects of exenatide in our local diabetes population. Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of 221 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated with exenatide for 24 months at the Townsville Hospital Diabetes Clinic. Results: These are the preliminary results. Range (Mean) HbA1c(%) at start 7.3-13 (10.15). Latest HbA1c 6.5-10.8 (8.65). Change in HbA1c +0.7 till -3.5 (-1.4). Weight(Kg) at start 94-184 (139). Change in weight -20 till +2 (-9). Conclusion: The preliminary results are favourable with fall in HbA1c by 1.4% and 9 kg weight loss. These results are from a small sample of the total patients and are comparable to the studies published.
FIN 401 Entire Course New

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

FIN 401 All Assignments NEW\n\nFIN 401 Module 1 Assignment 3 Ratio Analysis (100% Score) NEW\nFIN 401 Module 2 Assignment 2 Cash Management (100 Score) NEW\nFIN 401 Module 3 Assignment 2 LASA 1 The Time Value of Money (100 Score) NEW\nFIN 401 Module 4 Assignment 2 The Weighted Average Cost of Capital (100 Score) NEW\nFIN 401 Module 5 Assignment 1 LASA 2 The Capital Budgeting Decision (100 Score) NEW\n\n
Divine love in the writings of Heloise of the Paraclete

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Heloise of the Paraclete has appeared in the volumes of Tjurunga several times over the years. Nevertheless, for those readers who know little of this famed abbess of the twelfth century, perhaps it is worthwhile reiterating a little of her story before focusing on yet another important aspect of her fascinating writings. Heloise of the Paraclete (d.1164) is perhaps better known for her brief, yet passionate love affair with Peter Abelard (1079-1142), arguably the greatest intellectual mind of the twelfth century. Briefly stated, in the course of their famous and spectacular love affair, Heloise became pregnant, was eventually married to Abelard in secret and bore a child whose fate, other than through legend and speculation, is lost to us today.\nISSN: 1031-6582
Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Nonneoplastic Lesions in Toxicology Studies

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

A pathology report is written to convey information concerning the pathologic findings in a study. This type of report must be complete, accurate and communicate the relative importance of various findings in a study. The overall quality of the report is determined by three Quality Indicators: thoroughness, accuracy, and consistency. Thoroughness is the identification of every lesion present in a particular organ or tissue, including spontaneous background lesions. Experienced pathologists familiar with background lesions may disregard certain types of lesions or establish a threshold or a severity above which background lesions are diagnosed. Accuracy is the ability to make, and precisely communicate, correct diagnoses. Nomenclature of lesions is a matter of definition and experienced pathologists generally agree as to what terms are to be used. Consistency is the uniform use of a specific term to record a defined lesion and implies that the same diagnostic criteria are being followed for each type of diagnosis. The relative severity of nonneoplastic lesions can be recorded either semiquantitatively or quantitatively. Semiquantitative analysis involves the application of defined severity grades or ranges for specific lesions. Quantitative analysis (counts and measurements) can be performed manually or electronically, utilizing image analysis and stereological techniques to provide numerical values. When both qualitative and quantitative parameters are applied in preparation of a pathology report, the recorded pathology findings can be interpreted and put into perspective. The use of this approach assures a reader that the pathology report meets the highest standards.
Vocalizations During Electroejaculation in Anaesthetized Adult and Young Pampas Deer (Ozotoceros bezoarticus) Males

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Contents The aim of this study was to characterize the vocalizations produced during electroejaculation under general anaesthesia in pampas deer males and to determine whether the characteristics of those vocalizations differ in adult and young pampas deer males. Electroejaculation was applied to 13 adults ( AM ) and 13 young ( YM ) males under general anaesthesia. Vocalizations were digitally recorded, and the number and duration of vocalizations, the latency in relation to each voltage, the total time vocalizing, and the structure of the fundamental frequency (F 0 ) [initial frequency ( F start ), maximal frequency ( F max ), minimal frequency ( F min ) and final frequency ( F end )] were analysed. No male vocalized with 0 V; the number of animals that vocalized increased at 2 and 3 V and increased again at 4, 5 and 6 V (p < 0.05). The latency time from the beginning of each series (each voltage) decreased until 4 V (p < 0.01). The number of vocalizations/voltage increased from 4 V (p < 0.05). The length of each vocalization and the total time during which animals vocalized were greater in YM than AM (p = 0.02 and p = 0.01, respectively). Similarly, the fundamental frequencies were higher in YM than AM (p ≤ 0.05). Overall, we concluded that the vocalizations emitted during electroejaculation in pampas deer under general anaesthesia are related to the voltage applied during the process. Young males vocalize more time, probably due to a greater sensibility to the electric stimulation. The differences in the characteristics of the vocalizations between adult and young males may be related to the anatomic differences in the neck of adult or young males.