jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Lewis base adducts of Group IB metal compounds. 8. High-resolution solid-state phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of tetrameric ((triphenylphosphine)copper(I) halide) complexes and crystal structure determination of "cubane" [PPh3CuBr]4

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Crystal structure analysis of the tetrameric 1:l adduct of PPh3 with CuBr, [CuBrPPhpl4, recrystallized from refluxing toluene, shows that it has crystallized in a 'cubane" rather than the previously recorded "step" form. A residual of 0.044 was obtained for 3708 independent observed diffractometer reflections recorded at 295 K after full-matrix least-squares refinement; crystals are isomorphous with the chloride, with an orthorhombic Pbcn cell, a = 17.662 ( 5 ) A, b = 20.748 (7) A, c = 18.351 (6) A, and Z(tetramer) = 4. The existence of the cubane form of the bromide was discovered during high-resolution solid-state 31P NMR spectral studies on a series of cuprous halide-triphenylphosphine complexes.
Soil Fertility, Growth, and Yield of Young Hybrid Poplar Plantations in Central Pennsylvania

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Relationships among soil and foliar nutrients and tree height growth or unit weight yields were examined for three Populus hybrids that were planted on an Edom silt loam soil in central Pennsylvania at densities ranging from 0.09 to 0.46 m² per tree. Independent of clone and growing space per tree, significant nutrient differences were measured in the soil Ap horizon and tree foliage when sampled at the end of the first and fourth growing seasons. In the soil, the level of extractable P was reduced, the amount of exchangeable Ca and Mg was greater, and the soil cation exchange capacity was higher at the end of the fourth growing season. When compared to the first growing season levels, 4-year-old foliar levels of total N, P, K, and Mg were measurably lower and Ca was notably higher after 4 years. Soil bases (particularly Ca), soil or foliar N, and soil P were important total height and fiber yield determinant variables. FOREST SCI. 23:463-469.
Resistance To Vorinostat In Hematological Malignancies May Involve Cytoprotective UPR and Correlates With Increased Sensitivity To Bortezomib-Induced Cell Death

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) have shown promising activity against hematological malignancies in clinical trials and have led to the approval of vorinostat for the treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. However, as with many cancer therapies, de novoresistance is common and acquired resistance inevitably follows sensitivity. This issue is particularly difficult to resolve in HDACi therapy, as the mechanism of action is still unclear and may involve several components. Our objective was to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying resistance to HDACi in order to design better combination strategies and to identify predictive biomarkers for response to HDACi therapy. To gain insight into HDACi resistance, we developed vorinostat-resistant clones using a dose escalation protocol in the monocytic-like, histiocytic lymphoma cell line U937 and the diffuse large B-cell lymphoma SUDHL6. Indeed, resistant cells grow in 4 µM vorinostat without induction of cell death. Using a variety of targeted drugs, we evaluated the lethal dose (LD)50in the resistant cells versus their parental counterpart in order to screen for potential pathways involved in resistance to vorinostat. We found that the vorinostat-resistant cells are cross-resistant to other HDACi but not all. Interestingly, the resistant cells exhibit increased sensitivity toward bortezomib, an inhibitor of the proteasome and to chloroquine, an inhibitor of autophagy. Both these drugs target protein processing, suggesting its importance in driving resistance to HDACi. We found that, in addition to elevated autophagy, vorinostat-resistant cells exhibit marks of ER stress, such as dilated ER when visualized by electron microscopy. Moreover, resistant cells have an increased protein synthesis rate and an accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins compared to their parental counterparts. Consistent with this, we observe activation of the UPR in the resistant cells. We hypothesized that activation of UPR could be a mechanism of vorinostat resistance, because the UPR induces the upregulation of pro-survival genes and may induce autophagy. Understanding vorinostat resistance holds clinical relevance in terms of improving HDACi therapy and being able to identify subsets of patients who would benefit most from combination therapy, such as vorinostat with bortezomib. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Cuneiform Tablet 1913.14.1652, Spurlock 1913.14.1652

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

[Text Description:] Document concerning property ❧ [Text or Publication Number Note:] Spurlock 1913.14.1652; CDLI P421503 ❧ [Medium:] Clay ❧ [Script Note:] Non-Alphabetic Cuneiform ❧ [Physical Object Description:] Medium Gray (N 5.75/ 27.2% R) -discoloration Yellowish White (10YR 9/2) ❧ [Physical Object Note:] 5.9 x 4.5 x 2 cm (53 g)
The Impact of Family Business Governance on Environmental, Social, and Governance Performance

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This study examines the impact of family directors, family shareholding, and family control on the environmental and social dimensions of ESG in family business governance. Scholars debate whether family businesses prioritize short-term gains over long-term ESG issues or, due to their long-term focus, integrate ESG into their strategies. One group of scholars argues that family businesses tend to focus excessively on short-term financial performance, neglecting long-term non-financial performance. In contrast, another group contends that due to socioemotional wealth considerations, family businesses place particular emphasis on long-term non-financial performance. This study utilizes data from publicly listed companies in Taiwan to conduct relevant research. Furthermore, we incorporate external governance variables to examine their impact on environmental and social performance. The research data come from the TEJ database. The sample is the annual data of listed companies in Taiwan. The sample period covers 2015 to 2022, with a total of 4377 company-year observations. The study finds that the corporate governance mechanisms of family enterprises have a negative and significant impact on environmental and social performance. However, external governance factors, such as higher institutional investor shareholding ratios, third-party-verified sustainability reports, and corporate governance evaluations, help mitigate these negative effects. Future research could extend the study period and explore additional external governance variables or alternative datasets to enhance the robustness and generalizability of the findings.
2-Selenouridine, a Modified Nucleoside of Bacterial tRNAs, Its Reactivity in the Presence of Oxidizing and Reducing Reagents

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The 5-substituted 2-selenouridines are natural components of the bacterial tRNA epitranscriptome. Because selenium-containing biomolecules are redox-active entities, the oxidation susceptibility of 2-selenouridine (Se2U) was studied in the presence of hydrogen peroxide under various conditions and compared with previously reported data for 2-thiouridine (S2U). It was found that Se2U is more susceptible to oxidation and converted in the first step to the corresponding diselenide (Se2U)2, an unstable intermediate that decomposes to uridine and selenium. The reversibility of the oxidized state of Se2U was demonstrated by the efficient reduction of (Se2U)2 to Se2U in the presence of common reducing agents. Thus, the 2-selenouridine component of tRNA may have antioxidant potential in cells because of its ability to react with both cellular ROS components and reducing agents. Interestingly, in the course of the reactions studied, we found that (Se2U)2 reacts with Se2U to form new ‘oligomeric nucleosides′ as linear and cyclic byproducts.
More Than Just Wait Time? Regional Differences in Liver Transplant Outcomes for Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background. Regional allocation of deceased donor livers has led to variable wait times for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients on the liver transplant list. The purpose of our study was to evaluate how regional differences in wait time affect outcomes for HCC patients. Methods. A retrospective, observational study was performed using the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network database from February 27, 2002, to September 25, 2015. The cumulative incidences of transplant and waitlist death as well as intention-to-treat and posttransplant survival were evaluated for patients 18 years or older listed for deceased donor liver transplantation with stage II HCC exception points in each United Network for Organ Sharing region. A multivariable analysis of predictive factors for posttransplant survival was performed. Results. Cumulative incidence of transplant decreased and cumulative incidence of waitlist death increased as regional wait time increased. Intention-to-treat survival decreased with increased regional wait time with long wait time regions 1, 5, and 9 having significantly lower intention-to-treat survival compared with many of the shorter wait time regions ( P < 0.05). Wait time did not predict posttransplant survival. Significant predictive factors of posttransplant survival included alpha-fetoprotein, size of the largest tumor, number of tumors, age of the recipient, laboratory model for end-stage liver disease, donor risk index, period of transplantation, and region ( P < 0.05). Conclusions. Wait time inequality affects waitlist mortality and intention-to-treat survival but does not affect posttransplant survival. Posttransplant survival is predicted by tumor biology, graft quality, recipient age, underlying liver function, and region. Regional environments of HCC care seem to drive posttransplant survival.
Chapter 4 The Interplay between fairness and the experience of respect: Implications for group life

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Purpose – To present a new conceptual framework for understanding how perceptions of fairness shape the experience of respect in groups and its implications for individuals' engagement in groups, their psychological well-being, and intergroup relations.Design/methodology/approach – Research on fairness perceptions and respect emerge from different theoretical traditions including theories of justice, social identity theory, and social context and health. We review this body of work and present the dual pathway model of respect, developed to integrate the different lines of research into a single testable framework. Research testing the model's predictions is presented.Findings – The dual pathway model posits that concerns about respect follow from the need for social inclusion and for status attainment. Fair treatment from group peers and authorities communicates the extent to which these needs are satisfied, and as such, perceptions of being liked (indicative of inclusion) and of being judged worthy (indicative of status attainment) independently and differentially predict social engagement and psychological well-being.Originality/value – The dual pathway model provides a framework for integrating and extending existing research on the experience of respect in groups. The model highlights how the inclusion and status dimensions of respect differentially shape outcomes relevant to group functioning: social engagement and psychological well-being. Insights from the model address a broad array of challenges faced by organizations, including building commitment, managing diversity, and promoting health and well-being among its members.
Novel Risk Score Model for Prediction of Survival Following Elective Endovascular Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: The purpose of this study was to identify significant predictors of long-term mortality after elective endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR). Methods: We included all cases with elective EVAR based on a national data set from the Society for Vascular Surgery Patient Safety Organization. Clinical and anatomic variables were analyzed with a Kaplan-Meier and Cox-regression model to determine predictors of mortality and develop a score equation to categorize patients into low, medium, and high long-term mortality risk. Results: A total of 5678 patients with EVAR were included with an average age of 73.6 ± 8.2 years. The majority were male (81.6%) with a history of smoking (86.1%). There were 3 deaths within 30 days (0.1%). Several factors were associated with poor survival: unstable angina (hazard ratio [HR], 2.8; P = .008), dialysis (HR, 3.7; P < .001), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <30 (HR, 1.7; P = .044), eGFR 30 to 59 (HR, 1.4; P = .002), age >80 (HR, 3.2; P < .001), age 75 to 79 (HR, 2.2; P < .001), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease on oxygen (HR, 3.3; P < .001), aortic diameter >5.8 cm (HR, 1.2; P = .043), and high risk for surgery (HR, 1.4; P = .043). Preoperative aspirin use and body mass index 25 to 35 were both found to be protective (HR, 0.78; P = .017 and HR, 0.8; P = .024, respectively). With our scoring model, 5- and 10-year survival rates for patients with low, medium, and high risk were 89.2%, 80.7%, and 64.1% and 77.2%, 60.1%, and 40.1%, respectively ( P < .001). Conclusion: Ten-year survival following EVAR in patients with a high-risk score utilizing the model provided was 40.1%. Patients with multiple comorbidities at risk for decreased long-term survival can be identified with our model, which is more applicable for high-volume contemporary institutions.
THE INFLUENCE OF WIND AND WATER CURRENTS ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF PLASTIC DEBRIS WITHIN THE TAMAR ESTUARY, UK.

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

In order to provide initial data on the abundance of micro, meso and macro plastic debris\nwithin the Tamar estuary, and investigate the effects of wind and water currents on the\ndistribution of plastic debris a field study of eight locations along the axis of the Tamar\nestuary was conducted. Micro plastic fragments were found at all locations. Plastic from\nall three size categories was found distributed at all locations, while meso plastic debris\nwas found at five out of eight locations. Wind and water currents do not affect the\ndistribution of micro meso and macro plastic items in the same way. Micro plastic debris\ndid not favour accumulation on the east or west bank, discounting the dominant south east\ndirection as an important predictor of distribution. Rather the relationship between mean\ngrain size and micro plastic fragment abundance is a better predictor of the abundance of\nmicro plastic fragments. This is an indicator that hydrodynamic conditions affecting\nsediment distribution also influence the distribution of micro plastic fragments. However\nthe extent to which this occurs is unknown as a weak relationship between mean sediment\nsize and micro plastic abundance indicate that other factors are involved in the distribution\nof one or both of the variables. Macro plastic debris accumulation on the east bank was\nsignificant. Thus indicating that the dominant wind direction, is more significant\npredictor of macro plastic distribution than prevailing hydrodynamic conditions. The\nproximity to urbanised areas also was significant in the distribution of macro plastic\ndebris, as there was a significant negative correlation between macro plastic abundance\nwith increasing distance from the Plymouth Sound breakwater. The composition of\nsampled sediments did not match the 2 D model predicting sediment distribution along the\nTamar estuary.
Prescription Opioid Misuse and Use of Alcohol and Other Substances Among High School Students — Youth Risk Behavior Survey, United States, 2019

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Adolescence is an important period of risk for substance use initiation and substance use-related adverse outcomes. To examine youth substance use trends and patterns, CDC analyzed data from the 2009-2019 Youth Risk Behavior Survey. This report presents estimated prevalence of current (i.e., previous 30-days) marijuana use, prescription opioid misuse, alcohol use, and binge drinking and lifetime prevalence of marijuana, synthetic marijuana, cocaine, methamphetamine, heroin, injection drug use, and prescription opioid misuse among U.S. high school students. Logistic regression and Joinpoint analyses were used to assess 2009-2019 trends. Prevalence of current and lifetime substance use by demographics, frequency of use, and prevalence of co-occurrence of selected substances among students reporting current prescription opioid misuse are estimated using 2019 data. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to determine demographic and substance use correlates of current prescription opioid misuse. Current alcohol, lifetime cocaine, methamphetamine, heroin, and injection drug use decreased during 2009-2019. Lifetime use of synthetic marijuana (also called synthetic cannabinoids) decreased during 2015-2019. Lifetime marijuana use increased during 2009-2013 and then decreased during 2013-2019. In 2019, 29.2% reported current alcohol use, 21.7% current marijuana use, 13.7% current binge drinking, and 7.2% current prescription opioid misuse. Substance use varied by sex, race/ethnicity, grade, and sexual minority status (lesbian, gay, or bisexual). Use of other substances, particularly current use of alcohol (59.4%) and marijuana (43.5%), was common among students currently misusing prescription opioids. Findings highlight opportunities for expanding evidence-based prevention policies, programs, and practices that aim to reduce risk factors and strengthen protective factors related to youth substance use, in conjunction with ongoing initiatives for combating the opioid crisis.
MALDI Matrices for the Analysis of Low Molecular Weight Compounds: Rational Design, Challenges and Perspectives

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The analysis of low molecular weight (LMW) compounds is of great interest to detect small pharmaceutical drugs rapidly and sensitively, or to trace and understand metabolic pathways. Matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI MS) plays a central role in the analysis of high molecular weight (bio)molecules. However, its application for LMW compounds is restricted by spectral interferences in the low m/z region, which are produced by conventional organic matrices. Several strategies regarding sample preparation have been investigated to overcome this problem. A different rationale is centred on developing new matrices which not only meet the fundamental requirements of good absorption and high ionization efficiency, but are also vacuum stable and “MALDI silent”, i. e., do not give matrix‐related signals in the LMW area. This review gives an overview on the rational design strategies used to develop matrix systems for the analysis of LMW compounds, focusing on (i) the modification of well‐known matrices, (ii) the search for high molecular weight matrices, (iii) the development of binary, hybrid and nanomaterial‐based matrices, (iv) the advance of reactive matrices and (v) the progress made regarding matrices for negative or dual polarity mode.
“We remember what we like?”: Aesthetic value and memorability for photos and artworks - a combined behavioral and computational study

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Several studies testing long-term pictorial memory have claimed nearly unlimited memory capacity even for large amounts of stimuli. Additionally, theories in empirical aesthetics have suggested that the aesthetic appreciation of a stimulus and its memorability may be linked – “we remember what we like”. In the present study we investigated these questions for two types of stimuli: photos and artworks. Specifically, we tested whether the memorability of a photo or artwork may be connected to its aesthetic value. A total of 52 participants took part in a two-phase experiment. In the first phase, 750 images (photos of everyday scenes, Korean artworks, and Western artworks) had to be memorized and rated for aesthetic value. In the second phase one day later, these images had to be recognized in an old-new paradigm. Overall, participants’ long-term memory capacity proved to be significantly more limited than suggested before (average d-prime=0.987). Nonetheless, memorability scores themselves were reliable across participants. Surprisingly, artworks – although appreciated more aesthetically – were less memorable (d-prime=0.854) than everyday scenes (d-prime=1.201). Furthermore, aesthetic ratings correlated only marginally with memorability (r=0.174), suggesting that these two variables need to be examined separately in future research and modeling. For our computational study, we then tested a large set (n=1025) of pictorial, low-level image features in terms of correlations with the behavioral results. The features were able to predict the correct stimulus class with 85% accuracy (chance=33%). Interestingly, we found small, yet significant correlations for some low-level measures for aesthetic ratings (maximum r=0.312), but not for memorability scores (maximum r=0.15). Overall, however, computational features only provided a small amount of explanatory power. Taken together, these results show that aesthetic appreciation and memorability are two independent concepts (for both art and everyday scenes). In addition, memory representations and aesthetic experience seem driven largely by high-level interpretation processes. Meeting abstract presented at VSS 2015
Case study of rapid prototyping using robot welding: 'square to round' shape

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In the last 3 years a new Rapid Prototyping process involving direct deposition of metal has been under development at Cranfield University. The process entails the use of a Gas Metal Arc fusion welding robot which deposits successive layers of metal in such way that it forms a 3D solid component. A solid model is first drawn using a CAD system, then data indicating the kind of layers and dimension is incorporated and the solid is automatically sliced. This slicing routine also generates reports on the welding time and conditions for the production of the component and automatically generates the robot program. Depending on the complexity of the component the time from drawing the component to being ready to press the start button of the robot to make the component can take less than two hours. An example of a component which was generated to test the system is described here in order to illustrate how the process is operated, the quality of the component, and the productivity which may be expected.