jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Neuropeptide Y receptors (version 2019.4) in the IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology Database

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) receptors (nomenclature as agreed by the NC-IUPHAR Subcommittee on Neuropeptide Y Receptors [156]) are activated by the endogenous peptides neuropeptide Y, neuropeptide Y-(3-36), peptide YY, PYY-(3-36) and pancreatic polypeptide (PP). The receptor originally identified as the Y3 receptor has been identified as the CXCR4 chemokine recepter (originally named LESTR, [137]). The y6 receptor is a functional gene product in mouse, absent in rat, but contains a frame-shift mutation in primates producing a truncated non-functional gene [83]. Many of the agonists exhibit differing degrees of selectivity dependent on the species examined. For example, the potency of PP is greater at the rat Y4 receptor than at the human receptor [61]. In addition, many agonists lack selectivity for individual subtypes, but can exhibit comparable potency against pairs of NPY receptor subtypes, or have not been examined for activity at all subtypes. [125I]-PYY or [125I]-NPY can be used to label Y1, Y2, Y5 and y6 subtypes non-selectively, while [125I][cPP(1-7), NPY(19-23), Ala31, Aib32, Gln34]hPP may be used to label Y5 receptors preferentially (note that cPP denotes chicken peptide sequence and hPP is the human sequence).
Pediatric diabetes in China: Challenges and actions

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Pediatric diabetes is growing in China. The annual incidence of childhood type 1 diabetes is about 2.02-5.3 per 100,000 person-years. Type 2 diabetes in children and adolescents is increasing dramatically with the high-speed urbanization of China. The prevalence of type 2 diabetes varies from 1.64/100, 000 to 15.16/100,000 based on the geography and economy. Monogenic diabetes used to be underestimated in China and now more cases are emerging. In this review, we give an overview of pediatric diabetes in China, present the progresses and challenges in management of pediatric diabetes, and discuss the government policy and potential actions in China, for better life quality of diabetic families.
Case report of a challenging medium‐sized congenital melanocytic nevus (CMN): Highlighting a role for reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) for evaluating changing CMN in children

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract A 3.5‐month‐old boy presented with a changing medium‐sized congenital melanocytic nevus on his leg. Due to atypical features on dermoscopy and reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM), an excision of the area of concern was performed. Histopathology showed many of the pathological features usually associated with a diagnosis of melanoma in situ in older patients, but due to the young age of the patient, absence of mitoses, and the degree of atypia, a diagnosis of a dysplastic compound nevus arising in a congenital compound (predominantly dermal) nevus was favored. In our case, RCM corresponded to histopathology helped target the area of concern and map the clinical and subclinical components to facilitate an optimal biopsy.
Comparison and analysis of DBD-ozonizers powered by current-and voltage-mode power supplies

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Equivalent parameters and power of dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) ozonier powered by both current-and voltage-mode power supplies are researched in the paper. The relationship among equivalent parameters, discharge power and the voltage(or current) power supply are achieved by QV Lissajous graphics. Compared to DBD type ozonizer powered by voltage-mode power supply, DBD-ozonizer powered by current-mode power supply has smaller change range of the equivalent parameters but the higher discharge power under the same conditions. So the current- mode power supply is more suitable for DBD type ozonizer.
Soft and hard tissue response  to an implant with a convergent  collar in the esthetic area:  preliminary report at 18 months

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Aim: The purpose of this prospective cohort study was to investigate, over an 18-month period, soft and hard tissue response to a transmucosal implant with a convergent collar inserted in the anterior maxillary esthetic area. \n \nMaterials and methods: From June 2013 to January 2014, 14 consecutive patients were enrolled (7 men and 7 women; mean age 63.7 ± 14 years) with 20 implants, needing at least one implant-supported restoration between the canines in the maxillary anterior esthetic area. Six months after hopeless tooth extraction and an alveolar socket graft, a transmucosal-type implant with convergent collar walls was inserted in a midcrestal position with mini-flap surgery. An impression was taken 2 months later, and a definitive abutment with a provisional restoration was positioned. The final restoration was seated 2 weeks later. Clinical parameters, photographs, radiographs, and impressions were taken at this timepoint, and after 6 and 18 months. Using dedicated software, radiographic analysis (to detect marginal bone-level changes) and cast analysis (to detect soft tissue vertical and horizontal changes) were performed. \n \nResults: At the 18-month follow-up, all implants were clinically osseointegrated, stable, and showed no sign of infection. At baseline, interproximal radiographs revealed no bone defect around the implant. After an initial minimal bone loss (0.09 ± 0.144 mm), radiographic analysis showed a stable condition of bone remodeling (mean value 0.09 ± 0.08; range 0.0 to 0.5 mm) at the 18-month follow-up. No statistically significant horizontal dimensional changes of the alveolar ridge were observed between each timepoint. Mean soft tissue levels significantly improved between baseline and 18 months. The mean heights of the mesial papilla (MP) and distal papilla (DP) changes were 0.38 ± 0.22 and 0.47 ± 0.31, respectively. The level of the labial gingival margin (LGM) was 1.01 ± 0.63. Periodontal parameters never exceeded the physiological levels. \n \nConclusions: Within the limitations of this preliminary study, the analyzed implants produced positive results in these esthetically demanding cases. This outcome should encourage long-term studies in order to assess, through controlled clinical trials, whether this convergent collar design offers advantages over other designs. Furthermore, due to the peculiar crestal module, together with the use of delayed implant insertion and a postextraction ridge preservation technique with biomimetic hydroxyapatite, the analyzed implants seem to help prevent the negative bone remodeling typically associated with two-piece implant systems, but without the well-known drawbacks of traditionally designed transmucosal implants. Therefore, wherever crestal bone preservation is a critical issue for clinical success in the anterior maxillary area can be considered of particular interest.
The Effect of Health-Related Behaviors on Disease Progression and Mortality in Early Stages of Chronic Kidney Disease: A Korean Nationwide Population-Based Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A healthy life style is associated with decreased risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and mortality in the general population. However, there is no definitive evidence of the benefits of physical activity and other health-related behaviors in the early-stage of CKD. This study aimed to explore the association between health-related behaviors and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and mortality in the early stages of CKD. The National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) database from 1 January 2009 to 31 December 2016 was used to screen 83,470 subjects with early stage CKD. Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was used to evaluate the association between health-related behaviors and ESRD and death. Kaplan–Meier curves for mortality and ESRD were plotted according to the physical activity, smoking status, and alcohol consumption pattern. Risk of death decreased significantly in subjects who engaged in sufficient physical activity (adjusted Hazard Ratio (HR) 0.73; 95% CI: 0.64–0.83; p < 0.001). Risk of ESRD and death increased significantly in the current smoker with adjusted HR of 1.44 (95% CI: 1.06–1.95; p < 0.02) and 1.61 (95% CI: 1.44–1.80; p < 0.001) respectively. Therefore, systematic interventions to encourage physical activity and smoking cessation need to be actively considered in the early stages of CKD.
A U-shape Compensation Structure for Differential-to-Common Mode Conversion Noise Suppression in 90°-Bended differential Line

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

a U-shaped structure, based on the equivalent lumped circuit of differential transmission line, is proposed to suppress the noise of differential-common-mode conversion. With the equivalent lumped circuit, the cause of mode conversion noise is analyzed. The U-shaped structure has reached the suppression level of 24.31 dB from DC to 10 GHz according to the simulated result.
«The Homo Sociologicus» and «The Homo Aestheticus» (the Comparative Analysis of Poems «The Railway» by N.А. Nekrasov and «On the Railroad» by A.A. Fet)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The comparative analysis of two poems — «The Railway» and «On the Railroad» — shows the distinction of poetry systems of N. A. Nekrasov and A. A. Fet. This discernment is most clearly revealed in the creation of various images of the lyrical subject as a form of expression of the author's consciousness — «Homo sociologicus» (Nekrasov) and «Homo aestheticus» (Fet). N. A. Nekrasov and A. A. Fet professed contrast ideological convictions and different aesthetic principles. The author of the article concludes, that both poets opened new perspective for Russian literary, extending the sphere of lyrical representation and enriching Russian poetry by new techniques and means of artistic expression.
Developing a Web Platform to Optimize the Self-Management of People Living with a Chronic Respiratory Disease

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Purpose: The purpose of this article is to describe the development of a new Web platform to optimize self-management after pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) for persons living with a chronic respiratory disease (CRD) and to present data on its usability. Method: The Web platform is informed by a theoretical framework of behaviour changes and concepts of self-management and self-efficacy. It uses breathing exercises and a logbook and is meant to be a self-management tool. Usability was tested for 8 months after PR with a group consisting of five patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and one with pulmonary fibrosis. We evaluated adherence (e.g., number of exercise/weeks), quality of life, dyspnoea, and functional capacity. We measured frequency count for adherence and pre–post differences per patient for clinical outcomes. Results: Four participants’ adherence was higher than 50% of completed exercises (72 exercise/weeks). Five of six participants showed maintenance of functional capacity (6-minute walk test) 8 months after PR. Four participants showed maintenance of their quality of life. Four participants showed a deterioration in dyspnoea on the Borg Scale of Perceived Exertion. Conclusions: We developed a new theory-informed Web platform to optimize self-management after PR for persons living with a CRD. The pilot Web platform appears to optimize adherence to self-management techniques and possibly stabilize people’s health outcomes.
The Power of Delay on a Stochastic Epidemic Model in a Switching Environment

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In recent years, the world knew many challenges concerning the propagation of infectious diseases such as avian influenza, Ebola, SARS‐CoV‐2, etc. These epidemics caused a change in the healthy balance of humanity. Also, the epidemics disrupt the economies and social activities of countries around the world. Mathematical modeling is a vital means to represent and control the propagation of infectious diseases. In this paper, we consider a stochastic epidemic model with a Markov process and delay, which generalizes many models existing in the literature. In addition, we show the stochastic threshold for the extinction of the disease. Furthermore, numerical examples are discussed to confirm the theoretical result.
Infections in Patients with Cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Overview Patients with cancer have increased risk of developing infections, owing both to their underlying disease and its treatment. This risk appears to be greatest in patients with hematologic malignancies and in hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) recipients. This is due primarily to the development of various immunologic defects such as neutropenia and impaired cellular and/or humoral immunity, each associated with a unique spectrum of infection. Newer therapeutic modalities for the treatment of some cancers are changing the spectrum of infections as are the increasing use of catheters and other medical devices. While bacterial infections are documented most often, opportunistic fungal and viral infections are being encountered with increasing frequency. The morbidity and mortality of infection in cancer patients are generally greater than in the general population. Thus, early diagnosis and the prompt administration of appropriate therapy are of paramount importance. Antimicrobial resistance among these pathogens has become a worldwide problem, which can only be partially tackled by the development of novel agents. Consequently, the importance of conducting frequent epidemiologic surveillance in order to detect local epidemiologic shifts and of infection prevention, infection control, and antimicrobial stewardship cannot be emphasized enough. The number of cancer survivors is steadily increasing. Many of these patients remain immunosuppressed for substantial periods of time. Keeping these survivors healthy and infection free will continue to be a challenge for years to come.
Quality management : barriers and enablers in a curative primary health care service

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Curative primary health care nurses are the first level of contact with health personnel the patient has when entering the district-driven health system of South Africa. It is imperative that these nurses are competent, or patients may suffer. Several factors exist as barriers to competent curative care. Donabedian's structure-process-outcome framework has been used in the study of these factors. Literature were selected from international and national studies of nursing to discover barriers and enablers in general nursing care but also specifically in curative primary health care. \nThe curative primary health care nurses in the Southern Cape/Karoo region were used as a sample for the study. Data gained from questionnaires were organised to present the findings: \nBarriers to a curative PHC service seem to be multifactorial, with scarce resources causing great stress for the workforce. This have a negative impact on relationships between employer and employee, CPHCNs and their patients, the type of managing that take place, and the quality of the examination and treatment of patients. Slow changes frustrates workers, causing more stress and poor attitudes, feelings of not being valued, and not being motivated (internally and externally). \n \nEnablers examined showed that although the workforce may be discontented and overworked, they still try to deliver their best, with few medical mistakes. Patients still have a lot of respect for their healthcare deliverers, but this trend may not continue for much longer. Patients are already returning more often to clinics, causing even more stress for staff.
ChemInform Abstract: The Fourth Member of the Tubular Family [Bi2Sr2CoO6]n [Sr8Co6O16‐δ]: Bi5.8Sr15.2Co10O40‐δ.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Fifth finger comminuted spiral fracture in horse riders related to rein hold technique

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives/Interrogation: Horse riding is a highly dangerous sport. The athlete's partner is an unpredictable and independent animal over 600 Kg and 2,7 m that can reach 60Km/h. Some studies discuss whether riding horses may be riskier than a motorcycle. The most common mechanisms[for full text, please go to the a.m. URL]
Prospective Evaluation of Artificial Intelligence Triage of Intracranial Hemorrhage on Noncontrast Head CT Examinations

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND. Retrospective studies evaluating artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms for intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) detection on noncontrast CT (NCCT) have shown promising results but lack prospective validation. OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this article was to evaluate the impact on radiologists' real-world aggregate performance for ICH detection and report turnaround times for ICH-positive examinations of a radiology department's implementation of an AI triage and notification system for ICH detection on head NCCT examinations. METHODS. This prospective single-center study included adult patients who underwent head NCCT examinations from May 12, 2021, to June 30, 2021 (phase 1), or from September 30, 2021, to December 4, 2021 (phase 2). Before phase 1, the radiology department implemented a commercial AI triage system for ICH detection that processed head NCCT examinations and notified radiologists of positive results through a widget with a floating pop-up display. Examinations were interpreted by neuroradiologists or emergency radiologists, who evaluated examinations without and with AI assistance in phases 1 and 2, respectively. A panel of radiologists conducted a review process for all examinations with discordance between the radiology report and AI and a subset of remaining examinations to establish the reference standard. Diagnostic performance and report turnaround times were compared using the Pearson chi-square test and Wilcoxon rank sum test, respectively. Bonferroni correction was used to account for five diagnostic performance metrics (adjusted significance threshold, .01 [α = .05/5]). RESULTS. A total of 9954 examinations from 7371 patients (mean age, 54.8 ± 19.8 [SD] years; 3773 women, 3598 men) were included. In phases 1 and 2, 19.8% (735/3716) and 21.9% (1368/6238) of examinations, respectively, were positive for ICH (p = .01). Radiologists without versus with AI showed no significant difference in accuracy (99.5% vs 99.2%), sensitivity (98.6% vs 98.9%), PPV (99.0% vs 97.5%), or NPV (99.7% vs 99.7%) (all p > .01); specificity was higher for radiologists without than with AI (99.8% vs 99.3%, respectively, p = .004). Mean report turnaround time for ICH-positive examinations was 147.1 minutes without AI versus 149.9 minutes with AI (p = .11). CONCLUSION. An AI triage system for ICH detection did not improve radiologists' diagnostic performance or report turnaround times. CLINICAL IMPACT. This large prospective real-world study does not support use of AI assistance for ICH detection.
Too Intelligent for Stress? Associations Between Stress and Emotional Intelligence, Emotion Regulation and Personality in University Students

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This study examined the correlation between stress and emotion intelligence, emotion regulation and personality in a group of over 200 students. Gender differences in these variables were examined, as were differences between the groups who had and did not have a part-time job whilst studying at university. The latter was examined for a positive relationship with emotional intelligence and emotion regulation, on the prediction that high emotional intelligence and emotion regulation would be advantageous when handling additional stress. Participants completed an online questionnaire which tested for the above variables. The results showed that stress levels were affected by emotional intelligence. Emotional stability, conscientiousness and surgency from personality were further factors contributing to stress levels. A significant effect of gender was also found. Total score emotion regulation did not appear to influence stress, but most sub-factors had significant correlations. Together these findings suggest that emotional intelligence, certain aspects of personality and gender all contribute to how a person deals with stress, and that particular features of regulation of emotion may be able to affect overall stress levels.
3D-QSAR studies of chalcone derivatives for antimycobacterial activity

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Study the quantitative structure-activity relationship(QSAR)of 25 chalcone derivatives with three dimensional holographic vector of atomic interaction field(3D-HoVAIF).SMR-PLS QSAR Models has been created and good correlation coefficients and crossvalidated correlation coefficients were obtained,the model with the cumulative multiple correlation coefficient(R2),cumulative cross-validated(Q2)were R2=0.777,Q2=0.634,another model for ClogP showed good result also,R2=0.853,Q2=0.755.The results showed that the models had good prediction capability and favorable stability and the 3D-HoVAIF was applicable to the molecular structural characterization and biological activity prediction.
First Report of Downy Mildew Caused by Peronospora sp. on Basil (Ocimum basilicum) in France

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum) is an economically important herb in several Mediterranean countries. Approximately 30 ha are grown annually in France for fresh and processed consumption. During the spring and fall of 2004, a damaging foliar disease was observed in some crops near Saint Tropez in the French Riviera Region. More than 50% of plants were affected in an organically produced field-grown crop at an altitude of 250 m. Leaves of infected plants were initially slightly chlorotic, especially near the central vein. Within 2 to 3 days, a characteristic gray, furry growth was evident on the lower leaf surface and sometimes on the upper leaf surface. The appearance and severity of the disease was affected by overhead sprinkler irrigation. Basal leaves were severely affected. Microscopic observations revealed sporangiophores branching two to seven times. Sporangiophores, with a length of 250 to 500 μm (average 350 μm), ended with sterigmata bearing single sporangia. Sporangia measured 15 to 25 × 20 to 35 μm (average 22 × 28 μm), were elliptical and grayish in mass. The pathogen was identified as Peronospora sp. on the basis of its morphological characteristics (4). Pathogenicity was confirmed by inoculating leaves of 40-day-old healthy plants with a sporangial suspension (1 × 10 5 conidia/ml). Three containers with 150 plants each of O. basilicum cv Genovese gigante were used as replicates. Noninoculated plants served as controls. Plants were maintained in a growth chamber at 20°C (12 h of light per day) and 90 to 95% relative humidity. The pathogenicity test was carried out twice. After 6 days, typical symptoms of downy mildew developed on the inoculated plants, and Peronospora sp. was observed on the leaves. Noninoculated plants did not show symptoms. To our knowledge, this is the first report of Peronospora sp. on basil in France. Peronospora sp. was previously reported on sweet basil in Italy (1) and P. lamii on sweet basil in Uganda (3). Seed transmission (2) is suspected as the reason for recent outbreaks in Europe. References: (1) A. Garibaldi et al. Plant Dis. 88:312, 2004. (2) A. Garibaldi et al. Z. Pflanzenkr. Pflanzenschutz 111:465, 2004 (3) C. G. Hansford. Rev. Appl. Mycol. 12:421, 1933. (4) D. M. Spencer. The Downy Mildews. Academic Press, NY, 1981.