jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Study on the relation between neuron loss in hippocampus and cortex and pathogenesis of vascular dementia

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Objective To probe into the roles of neuron loss in hippocampus and cortex of temporal and frontal lobe in pathogenesis of vascular dementia after cerebral ischemia/ reperfusion repeatedly. Methods Modified Pulsinelli 4 vessel occlusion (4VO) was adopted as a rat model of vascular dementia. Computer controlled initiative avoidance response shuttle box system was used to test the learning and memory capacity of rats. Toluidine blue stained was used to number the remained neural cells in hippocampus and cortex of temporal and frontal lobe. Results Loss rate of pyramidal cells in hippocampus CA1 region came to a stable state in 4VO 4w group and no significant difference was found compared with 4VO 2m group(P0.05). Loss rate of neural cells in hippocampus CA3 region and dentate gyrus came to stable state in 4VO 2w group, but cortex of temporal and frontal lobe in 4VO 1w group. There was an obviously negative correlation between AAR ratio of the tested rats and loss rate of pyramidal cells in CA1 region. A negative correlation exists between AAR ratio of the rats and loss rate of neural cells in CA3 region and dentate gyrus. Otherwise there was no significant correlation between AAR ratio and loss rate of cortex of temporal and frontal lobe. Conclusion The loss of neural cells in hippocampus and cortex of temporal and frontal lobe is an important pathological mechanism of the formation of vascular dementia, but the loss of pyramidal cells in hippocampus CA1 region is the most important.
Methodology to Align Business and IT Policies: Use Case from an IT Company

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Governance of IT is becoming more and more necessary in the current financial economic situation. One declination of that statement is the definition of corporate and IT policies. To improve that matter, the paper has for objective to propose a methodology for defining policies that are closer to the business processes, and based on the strict definition of a responsibility model that clarify all actor's responsibility. This responsibility model is mainly defined based on the three concepts of capability, the accountability and the commitment. The methodology is illustrated and validated based on a case study conducted in an IT company.
Recent chemistry of the β-lactam antibiotics

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleRecent chemistry of the β-lactam antibioticsPeter G. SammesCite this: Chem. Rev. 1976, 76, 1, 113–155Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr60299a003https://doi.org/10.1021/cr60299a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1232Altmetric-Citations127LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Diversity and antibacterial activity of endophytic fungi of the Amazonian medicinal plant sucuba [Himatanthus sucuuba (Spruce ex Müll. Arg.) Woodson]

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

The Amazonian medicinal plant sucuba (Himatanthus sucuuba) is widely used in ethnopharmacology and has pharmacological potential. Its endophytic fungi also have important bioactive substances of interest to the pharmaceutical industry.Despite this, there are no studies in the literature about its endophytic microorganisms. In this context, this work aimed to describe endophytic fungi of H. sucuuba and evaluate the antibacterial potential of its secondary metabolites against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae,Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. We isolated leaves and stem material using the culturemedia potato-dextrose-agar (PDA) and Sabouraud-dextroseagar (SDA) with or without 10 % of plantextract and then incubated at 18°C or 28°C. The isolated fungi were analyzed for macromorphological characteristics and classified into morphospecies for micromorphological characterization and production of fungal extracts. The fungi were grouped into 259 morphospecies, 135 (52.12%) were identified at the genus level, and 16 different genera were described. Endophytic fungi were most frequently isolated from H. sucuuba leaf (341 fungi) in the SDA culture medium at 28°C. H. sucuuba showed high diversity with a Shannon index of 5.26, a Simpson’s diversity (D) index of 0.99, and an evenness index of 0.83. Of the 235 fungal extracts tested, 28 (12%) inhibited the growth of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. S. pneumoniae and E. coli were the most sensitive and K.pneumoniae the most resistant. This is the first report of studies with endophytic fungi from H.sucuuba indicating their potential for the production of antibacterial substances.
The effects of 4 laboratory test kits in early detecting of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

OBJECTIVE: To compare the 4 test kits on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) gene, antigen and antibody for early diagnose of SARS patients. METHODS: Three enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits were used to detect SARS-CoV IgG, IgM and N protein and fluorescent polymerase chain reaction (F-PCR) kit was used to detect SARS-CoV RNA. RESULTS: In 162 serum samples, 90.2% (55/61) became N protein positive in 1 - 5 days and 92.8% (13/14) became positive IgM and IgG in 15 - 18 days after the onset of disease, respectively. On 82 gorgling samples, the positive rates of F-PCR were 56.3% (14/24) in 1 - 5 days and 71.4% (10/14) in 6 - 9 days after the onset. CONCLUSION: Other than F-PCR, N protein had good effect in the early detection on dubious patients which could lead to effective prevention and control of the epidemic.
Towards Transformative Social Resilience: Charting a Path with Climate-Vulnerable Communities in the Indian Sundarbans

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The Indian Sundarbans has been a central point of focus in international forums on climate change. This chapter brings together historical ethnography and grounded insights from multiple stakeholders to facilitate knowledge co-production and collective action in bolstering social resilience to climate change. It foregrounds the local stories of the Anthropocene by bringing to the fore everyday lived realities – struggles and community adjustment 'tactics' to volatile ecologies. We argue that resilience that attunes to human and more-than-human socioecological vulnerabilities informed by bottom-up community-based adaptation practices and Indigenous knowledge systems evolved across centuries is urgent. This chapter explores social resilience by highlighting local stories that draw on transdisciplinary insights and empirical findings including interactive workshops, case studies, transect walks, informal onsite conversations and participatory systems mapping from remote island villages of the Indian Sundarbans such as Kumirmari, Frasergunj and Tipligheri.
Application of new domestic disinfectants for prevention and control of the silkworm infectious diseases

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Regimes for the use of new disinfectants for disinfection of grains of Bombyx mori L. silkworms have been developed. Use of “I Med-Vet” at a concentration of 0.1% with an exposure of 5 minutes allows to increase the viability of young caterpillars by an average of 5.2% (p < 0.05), the overall viability by 7.66% (p < 0.05) and the yield of cocoons by 0.50 kg (p < 0.01). The use of the “FAG” preparation in concentrations of 1.5% with an exposure of 15 minutes and 2% with an exposure of 10 min. leads to a tendency to increase the viability of younger caterpillars (on average by 1.71%), an increase in their overall viability (by 2.66%) and a decrease in the cocoon-capercaillie index (by 2.00%)
Electromagnetic environment due to a pulsed moving conductor

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The space and time behavior of the magnetic field external to a system of moving pulsed finite conductivity conductors is determined. The moving conductor system is comprised of a continuous solid conductor in close proximity to a spatially periodic stationary conductor system that provides the source current. The relationship of the external magnetic field to time dependent image theory is critically examined. A numerical example predicts the magnitude and frequency of the magnetic field as a function of distance from the stationary conductor. Applications are discussed.
Quantum Interference: How To Measure the Wavelength of a Particle

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The concept of wave–particle duality in quantum theory is difficult to grasp because it attributes particle-like properties to classical waves and wave-like properties to classical particles. There seems to be an inconsistency involved with the notion that particle-like or wave-like attributes depend on how you look at an entity. The concept comes into more clear focus with the precise language of mathematics and with an experiment or demonstration of quantum interference that involves the scattering of photons by a single slit. After describing a photon as a quon, a quantum-sized entity, a precise description of the interference of quantum probability amplitudes allows determination of the photon wavelength by classical measurements of laboratory observations.
The Pre-Columbian City

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This chapter attempts to visualize how Tenochtitlan may have looked and functioned before the Spanish invasion. This usually assumed barbaric society with a culture of sacrificing thousand of captives for the blood-thirsty Aztecs was truly a civilized city by any criteria used to define civilizations such as the existence of bureaucracy, sophisticated agricultural technology, ceremonials and monumental architecture. Aztec Tenochtitlan was built and has been civilized more than 2,000 years ago. This ancient Mexican city started in the year Two Reed, it proliferated into stone-built city larger than Europe and had functions and bureaucracy similar to that of the sixteenth century Madrid. In terms of agriculture, the Aztec city has sophisticated agricultural technology—the chinampas which provided for the Aztecs and which provided insight into the chinampa ownership history of this ancient civilization. Complex architectural buildings also graced the Aztec civilization before the invasion of the Spaniards. Palaces, temples and avenues were dominant in this old Mexican civilization. These buildings were characterized by their complex decorations of serpents, murals and sculpture celebrating the state, its rulers, its gods and their conquests.
History of Anatomy and Embryology Anatomy and anatomists in Tuscany in the 17th century

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The 17th century was characterized by a real revolution in the fi eld of scientifi c research due to the introduction of the experimental method, promoted by Galileo Galilei who was the most representative scientist of this period. Therefore, medical disciplines, particularly Anatomy, underwent innovative and deep changes shattering traditional culture and representing the background for the modern science. In this fermenting period, Tuscany played a signifi cant role since numerous distinguished scientists were gathered by Medici Grand Dukes (especially Fer-dinando the 2nd and Cosimo the 3rd) at Pisa University and at their court in Florence. Among them, it must be mentioned Giovanni Alfonso Borelli, creator of iathromechanics, Marcello Mal-pighi, founder of microscopic Anatomy, Francesco Redi, who denied the insect spontaneous generation, Nils Steensen who continued in Florence his anatomical studies on lymph nodes and salivary glands while setting also the bases of modern geology. Moreover, at the end of the 17th century, the anatomical wax modelling techniques arose and developed in Florence thanks to the work of Gaetano Zumbo (or Zummo), capable of creating some real masterpieces, still very well preserved and collected in the Museum of Natural Sciences “La Specola”. Key words
PROFIT WINDFALL OR PATIENT WINDFALL? The Orphan Drug Act and Proposals for its Reform

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The Orphan Drug Act is a statute with a noble purpose but a controversial history. Originally designed to spur research into drugs for conditions with extremely limited patient populations,~ the Act has become a highly successful means of developing new drugs for rare diseases and conditions. In total, these conditions affect a significant percentage of the population -- as many as 1 out of every 13 Americans. In the ten years prior to the Act's passage, only ten drugs had been approved for these conditions, but by December 31, 1993, 569 drugs had received designation as orphan drugs under the Act; of these, over 65 had been approved. Few, then, would dispute that for its intended purpose -- benefit to patients suffering from rare conditions -- the Act has worked successfully.
Sudden deaths of two dogs in a breeding colony associated with enteropathogenic Escherichia coli and necrotoxigenic Escherichia coli

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Background This case report describes the peracute deaths of two healthy pups in a breeding facility associated with enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) and a distinct strain of necrotoxigenic E. coli (ExP-NTEC) co-infection. When E. coli is recovered from post-mortem samples, the role of the organism can be challenging to elucidate. In this case, the use of whole-genome sequencing (WGS) uncovered the virulence factors associated with isolates from both cases and a molecular epidemiological connection between the two deaths. Case Summary A 7-week-old male and an 8-week-old female intact mixed-breed dogs were found deceased, shortly after routine examination with no preceding clinical signs. Post-mortem examination revealed multiple organ abnormalities, including bronchopneumonia with alveolar collapse, hepatic lipidosis, gastrointestinal inflammation, and bacterial colonization in the lungs and intestines. Bacterial cultures from the lungs and intestines of both pups yielded multiple bacterial species. WGS of six E. coli isolates from both pups identified ST5683 and ST127 strains, possessing two different morphotypes and virulence factors that distinguished them as EPEC ExP-NTEC. Conclusion The findings suggest a role of EPEC and ExP-NTEC in the sudden deaths of neonatal dogs, possibly exacerbated by a naïve immune system. It is challenging to fully characterize the pathogenesis and potential risk factors as E. coli is present in the gastrointestinal system of healthy and asymptomatic carrier animals; however, these cases highlight the importance of comprehensive diagnostic approaches, including tools such as WGS.
A Survey on Anxiety and Depression within Patients after Coronary Artery Intervention

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To study the conditions of anxiety and depression in patients after interventional procedures via transradial approach,as well as relevant risk factors,so as to provide theoretical basis for psychological intervention.Methods All 65 patients diagonosed as coronary heart disease are included,ZUNG self rating anxiety scale(SAS)and self rating depression scale(SDS)are used.Results The SDS scores of patients with the coronary heart disease before and after interventional procedures via yransradial approach were 35.71±9.61 and 32.34±8.50,respectively.The SAS scores were 35.35±8.62 and 31.94±6.48,respectively,which was not different from domestic regular scores.The incidence of depression and anxiety before and after procedure were 7.7%、4.6%;6.2%、3.1%.Conclusion Although the prevalence of anxiety and depression in patients with coronary heart disease before and after coronary artery interventional procedures via transradial approach is lower than previous study.It is important for the performance of operation when patients are treated for anxiety and depression with psychological intervention.
The role of corrective feedback and lexical guidance in perceptual learning of a novel L2 accent in dialogue

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract Perceptual learning of novel accents is a critical skill for second-language speech perception, but little is known about the mechanisms that facilitate perceptual learning in communicative contexts. To study perceptual learning in an interactive dialogue setting while maintaining experimental control of the phonetic input, we employed an innovative experimental method incorporating prerecorded speech into a naturalistic conversation. Using both computer-based and face-to-face dialogue settings, we investigated the effect of two types of learning mechanisms in interaction: explicit corrective feedback and implicit lexical guidance. Dutch participants played an information-gap game featuring minimal pairs with an accented English speaker whose /ε/ pronunciations were shifted to /ɪ/. Evidence for the vowel shift came either from corrective feedback about participants’ perceptual mistakes or from onscreen lexical information that constrained their interpretation of the interlocutor’s words. Corrective feedback explicitly contrasting the minimal pairs was more effective than generic feedback. Additionally, both receiving lexical guidance and exhibiting more uptake for the vowel shift improved listeners’ subsequent online processing of accented words. Comparable learning effects were found in both the computer-based and face-to-face interactions, showing that our results can be generalized to a more naturalistic learning context than traditional computer-based perception training programs.
Quality of gridded population models by LAU (spatial representation).

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

<p>Spatial distribution of REE by LAU and model. Purple shades imply over-estimation, orange shades imply under-estimation, grey shades imply accurate predictions (REE between -10% and +10%). Administrative boundaries from [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0249044#pone.0249044.ref051" target="_blank">51</a>] under dl-de/by-2-0 license (<a href="https://www.govdata.de/dl-de/by-2-0" target="_blank">https://www.govdata.de/dl-de/by-2-0</a>).</p>
A Study On Prediction Of Lung Cancer Using Machine Learning Algorithms

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Lung cancer is the second most dangerous disease worldwide which is curable if its diagnosis is done in earlier stages. Even with the rise in cancer diseases, researches have shown that the mortality rate of cancer patients is less. For the treatment of cancer patients, Machine learning and AI have been researched and employed for the early detection of this disease in the past years. Biomedical image processing and detection of data have been used in combination in order to devise new techniques. In this paper, image classification was performed and machine learning algorithms were applied on lung cancer disease dataset to calculate measures such as accuracy, sensitivity, etc. K-NN, Random forest and SVM algorithms have been used to analyze the initial stage lung cancer by applying these on the lung cancer dataset.
非線形最小二乗法による炭素鋼の動的構成式推定: 実験データによる検討

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

An entimation method for dynamic consitutive equations using the experimental data of strain time curves and the residual strain profile induced in a finite-length bar applied to longitudinal impact is described. The estimation was performed by means of the nonlinear least squares based on the Gauss-Newton method assuming the constitutive equation forms were given. The previous report explained that the method was applicable to estimation of dynamic consitutive equations for aluminium, stress-strain relations for which are weakly dependent on strain rates. In this study, in order to confirm that the present method could be applied to the estimation of dynamic consitutive equations of carbons steels, stress-strain relationships of which are highly depndent on strain rates, the estimations were performed using actual experimental data. Furthermore, by the comparison of estimated results and experimental results regarding stress-strain relationships with strain rates, it was clarified that the method might be applied to estimation of the dynamic constitutive equations of carbon steels.
Advancing solar and heliospheric science through the ongoing development and support of atomic and laboratory plasma physics

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

This paper outlines the necessity for the availability, accessibility, and expansion of atomic physics data and analysis tools for the meaningful interpretation of spectroscopic and polarimetric observations. As we move towards observing the Sun at higher spatio-temporal resolutions, and near-continuously at a range of wavelengths, it becomes critical to develop the appropriate atomic data and physics tools to facilitate scientific progress. We recommend the continued improvement and expansion of current databases to support the development of optically-thick/radiative transfer models, evaluate non-thermal and non-equilibrium ionization effects, and quantify uncertainties in atomic and molecular values. A critical long-term goal will require extending and strengthening collaborations across the atomic, solar/heliospheric, and laboratory plasma physics communities through the participation and training of early career scientists. We also recommend establishing funding for a centralized atomic physics resource made up of a comprehensive and user-oriented atomic database and modeling framework.
Individual identification by gait vibration data transmitted floor

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The establishment of variety methods in the individual identification technology is desirable. In this study, it is considered that the method of individual identification from vibration data generated in gait. In the walking motion, the unique information such as the individual's body type and habit is contained. It is assumed that the unique information is reflected in the gait vibration data transmitted in the floor. The potential for application to individual identification is shown by extracting one step and analyzing the unique information from the gait vibration data. The Adaboost method is applied to the extraction of one step of the walking. In order to represent the characteristics of each individual and analyzed using the Principal Component Analysis.