jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
MoS2 Chemiresistive Sensor Array on Paper Patterned with Toner Lithography for Simultaneous Detection of NH3 and H2S Gases

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

We report a green lithography process to pattern a MoS2 gas sensor array on paper. First, the toner sacrificial layer is printed on photo paper using a laser printer, followed by the deposition of a sensing layer with direct writing of the MoS2 pellet. Finally, the toner is lifted off in acetone to obtain the sensor array. The sensors in the array biased at different voltages exhibit a linear response to NH3 and H2S gases at room temperature. The concentrations of individual gases in their binary mixture are extracted from the response of the two sensors in the array using graphical analysis. The absolute error in predicting the concentration of NH3 and H2S in their binary mixture is less than 15%, which is practically acceptable for most gas sensing applications. The proposed method for making gas sensors involves neither rigorous use of toxic or carcinogenic solvents nor nonrenewable resources. Moreover, the reported process is scalable and can produce many devices in a short time. As a green and sustainable method to create efficient multigas sensing devices using solid-state deposition of MoS2, the method paves a way to develop future disposable gas sensing technology.
SEROLOGIC SURVEY FOR TOXOPLASMA GONDII IN SELECTED WILDLIFE SPECIES FROM ALASKA

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Blood was collected from selected wildlife species in specific areas of Alaska (USA) during 1976-96. A modified agglutination test was used to test sera for evidence of exposure to Toxoplasma gondii. Serum antibody prevalence was 43% (62 positive of 143 tested) for black bears (Ursus americanus), 9% (11/125) for wolves (Canis lupus), 7% (22/319) for Dall sheep (Ovis dalli), 6% (14/241) for caribou (Rangifer tarandus), 1% (3/240) for moose (Alces alces), and 1% (2/241) for bison (Bison bison). A predictive model was developed to determine the effect of sex, age, location, and year of collection on antibody prevalence for each species. Prevalence was higher in older black bears, caribou, and wolves. For black bears, prevalence was highest in the southeast region of the state. For caribou, prevalence was lowest on the Alaska Peninsula.
Material defects in 4H-silicon carbide diodes

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Crystallographic defects revealed by synchrotron white beam x-ray topography, electron beam induced current, optical microscopy, and electroluminescence are correlated with the electrical characteristics of medium-voltage epitaxial 4H-silicon carbide diodes. Diodes that include macroscopic crystallographic defects show a significantly reduced reverse breakdown voltage with typical microplasma current fluctuations under reverse bias. Microplasma current paths are revealed by increased electroluminescence both under forward and reverse bias of the diodes and coincide with the locations of screw dislocations in the epitaxial layers of the diodes. The role of crystallographic imperfections on the formation of stacking faults responsible for the degradation of bipolar silicon carbide components is discussed.
Distribution of Responsibility for Climate Change within the Milieu

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article approaches the challenges of the distribution of responsibility for climate change on a local level using the framework of the milieu. It suggests that the framework of the milieu, inspired by Japanese and cross-cultural environmental philosophy, provides pathways to address the four challenges of climate change (global dispersion, fragmentation of agency, institutional inadequacy, temporal delay). The framework of the milieu clarifies the interrelations between the individual, the community, and the local milieu and is open to a conservative view of human communities and an inclusive view of multispecies communities. On this basis, an account of individual responsibility that is anchored in the local milieu and includes a responsibility to collaborate across milieus is developed. It consists of a forward-looking responsibility that balances a degree of contributory responsibility for one’s imprints on the milieu with a degree of capacity-responsibility that varies regarding the individual’s knowledge and powers, and the acceptability of practices within the local milieu.
Value of non-invasive hemodynamic measurements in hypertensive subjects

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

To determine whether hemodynamic monitoring can assist in the clinical management of hypertensive patients, we evaluated the reproducibility of the results obtained from non-invasive monitoring, one week apart, of systemic vascular resistance (SVR) and total vascular impedance (TVI) obtained by Bio-Z™, HDI/PulseWave™ CR2000, and SphygmoCor™ in 19 healthy volunteers [25± 1 yr. (M±SD)]. The data were further utilized to compare hemodynamic characteristics of 45 treated hypertensive patients (54±15 yrs.). All three devices provided reproducible results in normotensive subjects with a general consistency rate of 88%. Compared to normal subjects, hypertensive patients were characterized by a higher augmentation (Aug), augmentation index (AI), lower stroke volume (SV), increased SVR and TVI, reduced both large (C1) and small (C2) artery elasticity indices but comparable cardiac outputs.We conclude that non-invasive hemodynamic monitoring provides a reproducible way to detect functional changes in hemodynamic variables and vascular compliance, which may be important in guiding therapeutic approaches to the management of hypertensive patients. (T32-HL07868 and North Carolina Baptist Hospital) (See Table)
Meige’s Syndrome

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Meige syndrome refers to the combination of blepharospasm and orofacial dystonia. The term is mainly of historical interest having been described by Henry Meige in 1910 but described by others prior to that including the Flemish painter Pieter Bruegel the elder who portrayed affected individuals in several of his paintings. Marsden suggested that blepharospasm-oromandibular dystonia, like other adult-onset focal dystonias, is a partial expression of primary dystonia and currently is considered to be one of several forms of adult-onset focal dystonia. It is important to recognize that many patients who display blepharospasm with orofacial dyskinesia are manifesting semi-voluntary movements of their lower face in a struggle to keep their eyes open.
Rapidly Spreading Human Immunodeficiency Virus Epidemic Among Older Males and Associated Factors: A Large-scale Prospective Cohort Study in Rural Southwest China

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background Increasing risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) heterosexual transmission can raise the potential for a more diffuse and generalized epidemic. In response to the paucity of data on HIV incidence among heterosexuals in China, we conducted a large-scale, population-based cohort study located in rural southwest China. Methods Baseline enrollment for the study was conducted from 2013 to 2014 and follow-up at 12 months was from 2014 to 2015 among adults 20 years or older in 3 rural counties of Southwest China. Study participants were informed of the study by brochures and leaflets distributed in outreach activities. Interviews and blood collection were conducted in private rooms. Blood samples were tested for HIV infection. Results The HIV prevalence of the sample was 0.29% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.27–0.30) (2063 of 722,795) among the total adult population of 1,090,296 potential participants 20 years or older at baseline. Of the 720,732 individuals who tested HIV-negative at baseline, 493,990 (69%) completed the follow-up. Overall HIV incidence was 2.73 (95% CI, 2.38–3.08) per 10,000 person-years (PY) (235 of 860,627 PY). Human immunodeficiency virus incidence was associated with males, older age, less than secondary schooling and not currently being married. Human immunodeficiency virus incidence was 71.28 (95% CI, 35.21–107.35) per 10,000 PY among males aged 50 to 69 years who had less than secondary schooling and were divorced or widowed. Heterosexual sex was the dominant transmission mode for HIV seroconversions (99.0%). Conclusions Older heterosexual males were at disproportionate risk of HIV infection. Health authorities in China need to develop and implement innovative interventions suitable for the broader population of older heterosexuals.
[A case of oncocytic carcinoma at the base of the tongue with cervical lymph node metastasis and literature review].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Oncocytic carcinoma of tongue is extremely rare. This paper reports a case of malignant transformation from oncocytic adenoma to oncocytic carcinoma. A 29-year-old man complained of pharyngeal bleeding and swallowing obstruction. The tumor at the base of the tongue was surgically removed and the pathological diagnosis was oncocytic adenoma. After 5 years, the patient found a tumor of the right neck and felt pharyngeal bleeding and swallowing obstruction again. The next year, he was treated with surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and was diagnosed as oncocytic carcinoma with cervical lymph node metastasis. The patient showed no sign of recurrence until 30 months after the second operation, when tumor of tongue was detected by electronic laryngoscope. Surgery, chemotherapy and radioactive seed implantation were adopted again. Up to now, the follow-up data showed no evidence of recurrence.
Property Tax Resources and Political Party Control in England 1974-1984

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The fiscal plight of many inner city local authorities in England raises questions about similarities in urban fiscal stress processes in England and the United States. This paper focuses on one explanation for urban fiscal strain, the reduced viability of property taxes for local revenue gathering, which has been reported as significant in the United States. Given central government grant reductions and party political differences over expenditure priorities, it is argued that Labour controlled councils are (and should be) most prone to fiscal trauma. The results do not find that Labour control is linked to a poorer property tax environment. Labour's fiscal problems are linked to ideological issues, not to local economic conditions.
How does priming influence people's decision? Quantitative analysis of EEG and eye movement II

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The basic principle of priming involves stimulation of sensitivity to certain stimuli due to previous exposure to related stimulus. Such priming effects could possibly influence attitude and evaluation towards an image. In the realm of advertising, a successful product evaluation would likely depend on careful selection of primes. Current popular methods in evaluating priming effect of consumers’ attitude and intention, such as self-evaluation questionnaires, are not standardized and effective. In this project, the influence of subliminal priming on subjects’ perception of visual stimuli and decision-making by quantitative analysis of ERPs was studied. EEG data was acquired from forty subjects across three different priming conditions. The data mining process, includes signal enhancement, component analysis, feature selection and discriminant analysis, was applied in the study. The study compared normal averaging and Woody averaging techniques to investigate the latency jitters effect. In particular, windowed mean amplitude was applied for component analysis. The study focused on latency at early window, N100, and late window, P300 for evaluation involved in perception and decision-making process respectively. In particular, normal averaged ERP yielded significant results in the component analysis. Further study was carried out using SVM binary and multi-class classifier. Highest results of classification of priming conditions were obtained from the features selection studied earlier. Hence, it is evident that priming effect is influential to subjects’ evaluation of image or advertisement with the encouraging results of the component analysis and classification in line with previous literature.
The struggles of teachers’ unions in South Korea and the politics of educational change

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This chapter examines the 1999 legalization of the Korean Teachers and Educational Workers Union (KTU), one of the most progressive teachers unions in South Korea, and the current initiatives of the state to outlaw the KTU, restricting its teachers' activism and progressive educational movements. The legalization of the KTU in 1999 marked a new era for teachers' activism in South Korea (Kang, 2009). As Kang (2009) documented, in order to garner legal recognition, South Korean teachers (Korean teachers henceforth) and educational workers exercised their praxis in rather "heroic" ways. Indeed, their activism was heroic not only because of their sacrifices but also because their struggles for recognition constituted powerful and symbolic endeavors at forming solidarity with the working class (J.-Y. Kim, 2009).
Research of VHL gene mutation in hepatocellular carcinoma

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Objective: To explored the VHL gene mutation in HCC and its relations with VEGF,MVD and clinic-pathological features.Methods: 10 cases of HCC sterile tissue was obtained to analyse VHL gene mutation by RT-PCR and DNA sequenses analysis.A couple of primier which cover VHL exon 2 was designed by GeneBank.Immunohistochemistry methods was usde to assay VEGF and MVD.Results: Three of 10 cases of HCC were deteced VHL gene mutation(30%).Compared with HCC without VHL mutation(7 cases),HCC with VHL mutation(3 cases) have higher VEGF and MVD manifestation,and corresponding higher clinic-pathological grades(P≤0.05).Conclusion: The carcinogenesis of HCC has close relation with VHL gene mutation.HCC has more than 30% VHL mutation.Compared with HCC without VHL mutation,HCC with VHL mutation usually represent higher invisive carcinoma.
Model fluids substituting fresh UHPC mixtures flow behaviour

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and ultrasound gel (USG) seem to be suitable clear model fluids to substitute real ultra-high-performance concretes (UHPCs), enabling experimental monitoring of events occurring within these mixtures at similar flow behaviour. USG is eligible for UHPC mixtures with significant yield stress. CMC having a suitable concentration is better for UHPCs exhibiting indistinct yield stress. The rheological behaviour of real UHPC mixtures as well as substituting model fluids was measured using a non-standard system consisting of a vessel stirred by an anchor or a screw agitator. In addition, a standard rotational rheometer system with concentric cylinder geometry was used for optimization of the above-mentioned method of measurement and also for measuring the rheological parameters of the substituting model fluids. This article deals with the methodology for measuring the rheological properties of these substances and presents the results of the measurements using flow curves and rheological models.
Adult T-cell Leukemia/Lymphoma (ATL) in Japan

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A specific type of lymphoid malignancy, adult T-cell leukemia/ lymphoma(ATL), which is caused by human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I), is highly prevalent and there are also many healthy carriers of HTLV-I in the same areas. Three main routes of HTLV-I transmission are recognized: 1) vertical transmission from mother to child mainly through breast milk, 2) horizontal transmission from man to woman through semen, and, 3) parenteral transmission from carrier donor to non-carrier recipient. The annual incidence rate of ATL among HTLV-I carriers is estimated at 2.0 in males and 0.5 in females, and the cumulative risk for ATL in HTLV-I carriers during a 70-year life span is 2-5%. Possible risk factors for ATL in addition to HTLV-Iinfection were considered, i.e. genetic factors, environmental factors, nutritional condition, thymus involution and so on. ATL in Japan is an important subject for study in the field of cancer epidemiology, and several trial intervention programs for the prevention of ATL, such as controls of vertical transmission from mother to child through breast milk, are now in progress in ATL-endemic areas in Japan.
Intra-hour solar irradiance forecasting using ground-based sky imager

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Solar intermittency is a critical issue which limits the development of grid-connected photovoltaic system in the applications of solar energy. High accuracy of solar irradiance forecasting plays an important role in establishing modern photovoltaic generation power system. With the prediction data provided, the system will take appropriate actions to control the energy storage system. This thesis focuses on one of the methods of short-term solar irradiance forecasting based on ground-based sky imager, i.e. sky images captured by Total Sky Imager (TSI) and Wide Angle High- Resolution Whole Sky Imaging System (WAHRSIS). The images obtained will be processed to determine the cloud cover and analyzed to estimate the cloud motion velocity by using the MPIV algorithm. The cloud condition of next few minutes will be predicted and consequently the solar irradiance values can be calculated based on the program developed in this project. The sample results taken in this project show that the program in this project can forecast the solar irradiance in specific location for about 5-15 minutes with mean prediction error about 20%. The intra-hour solar irradiance can be obtained by consecutively collecting images into the program. Depending on different locations and sky imager systems, the same algorithm can be applied accordingly by calibrating the threshold value for cloud determination and image resolution to forecast the solar irradiance.
BLINDNESS IN MONGOLISM (DOWN'S SYNDROME)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

IN a previous communication (Cullen and Butler, 1963), the ocular abnormalities encountered in a survey of 143 mongoloids at the Rosewood State Hospital in Maryland were enumerated, and particular attention was drawn to the occurrence of keratoconus in over 5 per cent. of these patients.The purpose of this paper is to elaborate the incidence and causes of blindness in this same group.In the earlier paper no mention was made of the fact that several blind mongoloids were discovered among those examined, and, as the cause of blindness was in all but one instance associated with cataract or keratoconus, they were classified under these aetiological headings.Earlier surveys of the ocular abnormalities in mongoloids by Ormond (1912), Lowe (1949), Skeller and Oster (1951), and Woillez and Dansaut (1960) do not list any patient as being blind.More recently Eissler and Longenecker (1962) reviewed the ocular findings in 396 mongoloids and, though they made no attempt to compile uncommon ocular conditions, they did not state whether any of this very large number of patients were blind.When one considers that serious ocular conditions occur so com- monly in mongoloids, and that the eyes of such patients might be expected to respond unfavourably to trauma or to surgical insult, it is surprising that no reference has hitherto been made to the not unexpected occurrence of blindness, particularly if they survive for more than 30 years.The diagnosis of blindness was, in our experience, often difficult to establish with certainty, owing to the low mental state of these patients.The presence or absence of light perception was usually not possible to assess by questioning and, in many cases, the pupil reactions could not be relied upon either.In this survey blindness was only accepted when it was quite obvious, as in the case of the phthisical eyes which form the largest group in the series.Indeed, many more of the patients examined would be classified as blind for registration purposes, and others would be graded as partially sighted.Of the 143 patients examined, seven were blind in both eyes and three others had one blind eye, giving a total of seventeen blind eyes in ten patients.The ages ranged from 14 to 54 years and seven patients were over thirty years old.It must be remembered that mongoloids now often survive beyond their thirties, and that they are then physically older than their years, so that, in
Socioeconomics Influences on the Water Competencies of Young Adult Polish Males

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Despite the popularity of aquatic recreation and its well-promoted prophylactic and therapeutic values, not a lot is known about how socio-cultural background influences the acquisition of water competency. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of socio-economic and environmental factors on the swimming and rescue skills of male university students (n = 521) aged 19-20 years residing in the Region of Warmia and Mazury, Poland. An anonymous questionnaire was used as a diagnostic tool to elicit information on participants’ social backgrounds (such as parental income and level of education). Participants provided self-estimates of swimming and rescue competency that included non-stop distance swimming, familiarity with selected swimming strokes, and their estimated rescue ability. The results suggest that students’ self-estimated swimming competency, the distance they could swim non-stop, and the capacity to swim various strokes increased in association with higher levels of educational background of the father, higher levels of monthly income, and increased size of residential agglomeration. The level of rescue skills also improved with increases in the educational background of both parents, the size of residential agglomeration, and the monthly budget. No significant differences were found in rescue competency levels when analyzed by the mothers’ educational experience. Levels of both swimming and rescue competencies were lower than those reported in comparable studies. Socio-economic status (such as a lack of discretionary time and income for families with a lower socio-economic status) and place of residence (such as lack of facilities in small villages and towns) mediated the opportunity to acquire water competencies or gain experience with aquatic activity. Methods for addressing socio-economic barriers to the acquisition of swimming and rescue competency are discussed and recommendations for further research are made.
Misbehaviour in the public library: Internet use, filters and difficult people

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

A heated debate concerning filters in public libraries has been on the agenda in Denmark in early Spring 2001. This debate was the background for a small investigation into how libraries cope with misuse of Internet access in the public library system. The results from the small scale investigation are presented. The investigation forms the basis for a discussion about filters, use and misuse of Internet access.