jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Leisure Boredom dan Kecenderungan Kecanduan Media Sosial Tik Tok pada Gen Z

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This study aims to analyze the relationship between leisure boredom and the tendency of social media addiction to TikTok among Generation Z. This research employs a quantitative approach using a correlational method. The sampling technique used is purposive sampling, with a total of 120 participants from Generation Z. Measurements were conducted using the TikTok social media addiction scale and the leisure boredom scale. The data analysis results using Product Moment correlation indicate a significant and strong relationship between leisure boredom and the tendency for TikTok social media addiction among Generation Z. These findings suggest that the higher the level of leisure boredom, the greater the tendency for individuals to develop social media addiction to TikTok. Based on these findings, it is recommended that Generation Z engage in more diverse and meaningful activities during their leisure time to reduce the risk of social media addiction. Additionally, parents, educators, and relevant stakeholders should provide education on time management and healthy social media usage. Future research can explore other contributing factors to social media addiction, such as self-regulation and social support, to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the issue.
Lipophilic Statins Deplete GPX4 to Promote Ferroptosis and Sensitize Cancer Cells to Immune Checkpoint Blockade

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Statins have been reported to exert anticancer activity, varying with cancer type and specific statins. These findings suggest that more mechanistic insights into the anticancer effects of statins are needed. In this study, we interrogated the ability of statins to induce cell death and ferroptosis in melanoma and colorectal cancer. First, we showed that statins induce cell death in patient-derived melanoma cell lines and that lower expression of mevalonate pathway genes correlates with increased CD8+ T-cell infiltration and improved overall survival in patients with melanoma. We found that lipophilic statins induce cell death with features of ferroptosis. Transcriptional data also revealed system-level changes to a variety of ferroptosis-related pathways. We found that mevalonate rescued statin-induced cell death. Mechanistically, mevalonate-derived isopentyl pyrophosphate is necessary for isopentylation of tRNA [Ser]Sec, which is required for efficient synthesis of the selenoprotein ferroptosis suppressor GPX4. Given the emerging role for ferroptosis in antitumor immunity, we tested lipophilic statins, including simvastatin, alone and in combination with α-PD1 in vivo and found that simvastatin and α-PD1 promoted tumor clearance and extended survival in 20% to 60% of mice alone but in nearly 100% of mice when administered together. Simvastatin also depleted GPX4 in vivo. These results highlight the therapeutic potential of statin use in combination with immunotherapies.
Leveraging Big Data Analytics and Machine Learning Techniques for Sentiment Analysis of Amazon Product Reviews in Business Insights

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Purpose: Satisfactory consumer feedback results from sentiment research which enables product quality enhancement. The research examines Amazon product review data through machine learning methods for sentiment analysis to extract important insights that improve customer experience. Materials and Methods: A Gradient Boost Classifier stands at the core of the proposed method which conducts sentiment analysis operations. The preliminary data treatment includes punctuation removal and stop word filtering followed by text tokenization. Feature extraction is performed using the Bag of Words (BoW) technique. The data is split into training and testing sets, and the models are evaluated using F1-score, recall, accuracy, and precision. Comparative analysis is conducted with Logistic Regression (LR), Naïve Bayes (NB), and Recursive Neural Network for Multiple Sentences (RNNMS). Findings: Among the tested models, the Gradient Boost Classifier consistently outperforms others, achieving a robust performance of 82% across all evaluation metrics. This highlights its superior classification capability in sentiment analysis tasks. Unique Contributions to Theory, Practice and Policy: While Gradient Boosting demonstrates high accuracy, future research could explore more advanced models and techniques, such as transformer-based architectures, to enhance sentiment classification across diverse product categories and address more nuanced sentiment patterns
Direct trocar insertion vs. Verres needle use for laparoscopic sterilization.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A randomized, prospective trial was designed to compare direct trocar insertion with prior peritoneal insufflation with a Verres needle for laparoscopic tubal sterilization. Direct trocar insertion resulted in fewer instrument insertions (21.8% vs. 7.8%) and use of smaller volumes of CO2 (2.67 vs. 2.32 L). Direct trocar use resulted in a decrease in operating time from 9 minutes, 40 seconds in the needle group to 7 minutes, 30 seconds in the trocar group. Minor omental injuries occurred in a small percentage of each group, while serious complications occurred once in each group.
Response of Selected Sorghum Lines to Soil Salinity-Stress under Field Conditions

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

\tForty-two sorghum lines, selected from 100 breeding lines evaluated for biomass production under salinity stress (electrical conductivity of ECe of 23.4 dS/m) in a pot experiment, were evaluated for yield and yield components under saline (ECe of 8.0 dS/m) conditions in Gangavathi, Karnataka, and under normal (non-saline) conditions in Patancheru, Andhra Pradesh, India, during the rainy season of 2004. The entries consisted of 24 hybrid parents (15 maintainer lines and 9 restorer lines), 16 cultivars, one hybrid and one salinity-sensitive control. Significant genetic variation for number of days to 50% flowering (70-92), plant height (1.0-2.7 m) and grain yield (0.50-3.9 t/ha) under saline conditions was observed. Delayed flowering, reduced plant height and grain yield, and poor agronomic performance and stay-green scores were some of the responses of the cultivars to soil salinity. The highly significant variation in phenotypic and genetic coefficients of variation indicated the significanteffects of the environment on grain yield and other traits under salinity. Under saline and normal conditions, ICSV 112 (3.4 and 6.5 t/ha), S 35 (3.1 and 5.6 t/ha), JJ 1041 (2.9 and 6.9 t/ha) and PSH 1 (3.4 and 5.9 t/ha) produced high grain yields. The maintainer lines and restorer lines were comparable in terms of grain yield; the cultivars were superior to hybrid parents with regard to this trait.
Lexical and postlexical prominence in Tashlhiyt Berber and Moroccan Arabic

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Tashlhiyt Berber (Afro-Asiatic, Berber) and Moroccan Arabic (Afro-Asiatic, Semitic), two languages spoken in Morocco, have been in contact for over 1200 years. The influence of Berber languages on the lexicon and the segmental-phonological structure of Moroccan Arabic is well-documented, whereas possible similarities in the prosodic-phonological domain have not yet been addressed in detail. \n \nThis thesis brings together evidence from production and perception to bear on the question whether Tashlhiyt Berber and Moroccan Arabic also exhibit convergence in the domain of phonological prominence. \n \nExperimental results are interpreted as showing that neither language has lexical prominence asymmetries in the form of lexical stress. This lack of stress in Moroccan Arabic is unlike the undisputed presence of lexical stress in most other varieties of Arabic, which in turn suggests that this aspect of the phonology of Moroccan Arabic has resulted from contact with (Tashlhiyt) Berber. \n \nA further, theoretical contribution is made with respect to the possible correspondence between lexical and postlexical prominence structure from a typological point of view. One of the tenets of the Autosegmental Metrical approach to intonation analysis holds that prominence-marking intonational events (pitch accents) associate with lexically stressed syllables. Exactly how prominence marking is achieved in languages that lack lexical stress is little-understood, and this thesis' discussion of postlexical prominence in Tashlhiyt Berber and Moroccan Arabic provides new insights that bear on this topic. \n \nA first set of production experiments investigates, for both languages, if there are acoustic correlates to what some researchers have considered to be lexically stressed syllables. It is shown that neither language exhibits consistent acoustic enhancement of presumed stressed syllables relative to unstressed syllables. \n \nThe second set of production experiments reports on the prosodic characteristics of question word interrogatives in both languages. It is shown that question words are the locus of postlexical prominence-marking events that however do not exhibit association to a sub-lexical phonological unit. \n \nA final perception experiment serves the goal of showing how native speakers of Tashlhiyt Berber and Moroccan Arabic deal with the encoding of a postlexical prominence contrast that is parasitic on a lexical prominence contrast. This is achieved by means of a 'stress deafness' experiment, the results of which show that speakers of neither language can reliably encode a lexically-specified prominence difference. \n \nResults from all three types of experiment thus converge in suggesting that lexical prominence asymmetries are not specified in the phonology of either language.
Evidence of MOOC Students Using Multiple Accounts to Harvest Correct Answers

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Massive	Open Online Courses (MOOCs) give “honor certificates” of accomplishment for successful completion of their courses. In part because these	certificates are	given without any verification	of the identity	of the	student, such tokens have little professional value – they would seem	to have	value mostly for personal reasons. However, although the value of	the certificates	is not clear, we have found that a substantial number of	students do not obey the code of honor,	but apparently are using multiple accounts to harvest the correct answers	for questions that they	later submit with their	main account. This is enabled because most MOOCs provide	an instant feedback about the correctness of a student’s
answers. In this paper we present evidence for,	and detailed patterns of such behavior; we then briefly
discuss	ways to	prevent	it.
To the best of our knowledge, our study	is the first to	report on this type of cheating	in MOOCs. The topic of	academic dishonesty in online learning environments was addressed by various studies, see for example [1-3], but	in the context of MOOCs	research, it still did not get a	lot of attention. We believe that it is	very important	to discuss the various aspects of this sensitive issue, as if it is not handled	properly, it can jeopardize the	value of MOOCs as academic credentials.
Fitting a Filtered Poisson Process

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

A technique has been developed for generating an approximate characterization of a class of non-Gaussian stochastic processes. The class of processes considered are basically those non-Gaussian stationary processes for which the fourth moments of the univariate distributions are greater than the fourth moments of corresponding Gaussian approximations to the processes. In addition, the processes are assumed to be one-dimensional with continuous sample functions and the corresponding autocovariance functions are assumed to go to zero within finite time intervals. The characterization is accomplished by fitting a filtered Poisson process to the non-Gaussian process by matching the autocovariance function and an arbitrary number of the lower order univariate moments of the two processes. In matching the autocovariance function, a problem mathematically equivalent to the “factorization” of the power spectrum of a stationary process is solved numerically using an iterative procedure. The main advantage of using the filtered Poisson process is that linear operations on these processes yield filtered Poisson processes. This then simplifies the determination of probabilistic information of the output of a stochastic process passed through linear filters. Such considerations might be required, for example, in reliability problems involving random vibrations of linear mechanical systems.
Is local anaesthesia actually beneficial in flexible fibreoptic nasendoscopy?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Although the application of a topical local anaesthetic before fibreoptic nasendoscopy is routine practice in many otolaryngological outpatients, the actual benefit to the patient of this procedure remains in doubt. Eighty-two patients were recruited in this double-blind randomized control trial which compared the patients' experiences of fibreoptic nasendoscopy with nasal preparations of Xylocaine (lidocaine), normal saline, and no spray to the nose and throat. A visual analogue scoring system was used to determine scores for the overall unpleasantness of procedure, receiving a spray, and taste of the spray, and pain. This study has shown significantly worse overall experience (P = 0.001) and pain (P = 0.048) scores for Xylocaine spray versus no spray. It is concluded that the routine use of topical local anaesthetics within the nose before routine fibreoptic nasendoscopy is not only of no value, but actually makes the experience worse for the patient.
Yangbanxi: Their Emergence and Creative Formula

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Something unprecedented in the history of Chinese opera occurred during the twelve years between 1964 and 1976. Thousands of performance troupes across the country, which had specialized in over 360 types of Chinese operas, all devoted their efforts to modernized operas and yangbanxi Peking opera, or “model opera” (or “revolutionary operas”). Local troupes without access to instruction on authentic Peking opera created and staged their own works modeled on yangbanxi. In an unstoppable wave, Yangbanxi, mainly modernized Peking opera, swept across the country and dominated the stage, and later the screen, while a tremendous number of traditional operas and newly composed period plays and dramas were consigned to the dustbin of history. Yangbanxi did not come into being overnight. A review of its formation reveals that the yangbanxi works created by opera composers had been coopted and distorted by Jiang Qing in her attempts to usurp power from the Party and the government. These formulaic works wreaked havoc on Chinese literature and art.
Deriving the Ecological Footprint and Biocapacity of Ontario Cities and Rural Areas

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Background: This original research article presents the first city-scaled accounts of ecological footprint and biocapacity applied to all 577 census subdivisions in Ontario, Canada. These new data relates local consumption of materials and energy, and the production of emissions, to the area of ecosystems used within and outside the same local jurisdictions to support this metabolism. This information can inform many stakeholders understanding of sustainable prosperity in cities and rural areas, which are challenged by complex geographies of supply chains, waste streams, and the jurisdictions in which policies are made or applied. Methods: Local accounts of ecological footprint were generated by integrating census data with provincial-scaled accounts of investment and consumption of goods and services by households and governments, and coefficients relating economic outputs to areas of ecosystems providing economic inputs. Biocapacity was generated by relating land cover and land use data at 15 m of resolution to its potential to support a footprint component. Results: Ecological footprint varies tremendously between and among cities and rural areas in Ontario, from 12 to 0.12 global hectares (gha) per capita (gha/capita). Differences relate to population, household income, commuting durations and modal split, housing types, and average household size. Biocapacity ranged from 10,039 to 0.11 gha/capita within local boundaries. Conclusions: These new and publicly available data can inform opportunities to conserve or enhance biocapacity, and to understand the potential and limitations of local efforts to affect ecological footprints. These are discussed and contextualized within an ecological economics framework of sustainability.
More for LES: A Brief Historical Perspective of MILES

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Turbulence is proving to be one of nature's most interesting and perplexing problems, challenging theorists, experimentalists, and computationalists equally. On the computational side, direct numerical simulation of idealized turbulence is used to challenge the world's largest computers, even before they are deemed ready for general use. The Earth Simulator, for example, has recently completed a Navier–Stokes solution of turbulence in a periodic box on a 4096 × 4096 × 4096 grid, achieving an effective Reynolds number somewhat in excess of 8000. Such a computation is impossible for nearly every person on the planet. Further, periodic geometry has little attraction for an engineer, and a Reynolds number of 8000 is far too small for most problems of practical importance.
Τhe fish fauna in lentic ecosystems of Greece

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This study provides an annotated checklist of the freshwater fish species recorded in lentic ecosystems of Greece. Species distributional data were derived from an extensive review of published and unpublished sources and were evaluated for their consistency, adequacy and reliability. Overall, 650 freshwater lentic ecosystems (149 natural and 501 artificial) were investigated from which, 480 were fishless or fish data were unavailable. In the remaining 170 ecosystems, 122 taxa were recorded (belonging to 22 families and 57 genera). Some of the records concerned species with extirpated populations, species of doubtful occurrences and taxa of uncertain taxonomic status. The highest species richness (52 species) was recorded in the Ionian ecoregion while endemicity was highest in the Macedonia-Thessaly ecoregion (43.75%). The Eastern Aegean ecoregion presented the highest level of introduced species (75%). Only eight ecosystems hosted 20 or more species, while 92 ecosystems had over 50% of introduced species. The most widespread native species (Anguilla anguilla and Luciobarbus albanicus) were two highly migratory species, highlighting the importance of connectivity of aquatic ecosystems. The most widespread translocated species was Cyprinus carpio due its high commercial and recreational value, whereas Gambusia holbrooki confirmed its high dispersal ability being the most widespread alien species. More than one third of the species recorded (37.23 %) are threatened based on the IUCN Red List. The ultimate contribution of this study is to support the coordination and dissemination of baseline information on the freshwater fishes of Greek lentic ecosystems, required by a range of users. This knowledge will enable further understanding of the regional assemblage structure and other biogeographical patterns of the ichthyofauna of Greece and will contribute to species conservation by prioritising areas hosting species in need of protection. Finally, this study reveals the high knowledge gap regarding species composition in many Greek lentic ecosystems and highlights the need for relevant primary research including more systematic and standardised samplings.
THE USE OF MODERN METHODS IN TEACHING RELIGIOUS STUDIES

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The article is devoted to studying the use of modern methods that encourage students to think analytically and critically when studying religious subjects. The article describes the training of highly skilled, creative, autonomous decision-makers in higher education system based on international standards, the сreation of the necessary conditions for the formation of a spiritually mature personality. Scientific and social processes require historical and logical analysis of spiritual life. The article analyses the measures to improve the quality of teaching in Uzbek educational establishments through the extensive introduction to the teaching process of new information and communication technologies, teaching aids and electronic textbooks, and multimedia. It illustrates modern approaches to the organization of lectures, and seminars, the effectiveness of sessions on religious studies, the use of visual aids such as diagrams, tables, and graphics, as well as a mechanism of using such methods as brainstorming, conceptual table, blitz-game, discussion, etc. Moreover, it describes how to collect free thoughts and opinions from students on a problem related to religion and oral approaches to achieve a solution. These methods reflect the rules for each student to express his opinion orally to the questions posed by the teacher and explain his answers clearly and succinctly. With the correct use of the method, the individual learns to think freely, creatively, and unconventionally. The teacher has the opportunity to involve all learners and form a culture of communication and discussion. The article also reveals that personalized learning is a method of learning aimed at developing a student’s personality, and abilities, taking into account strategies of thought and action. The educational environment, pedagogical conditions, and the process of teaching and education organized considering provide for the realization of the personal potential of the students, the development of abilities ensuring personal development, thinking, and worldview
The Study of Music Teaching in Universities and the Inheritance of National Music Culture

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

<p>With the development of the society and the progress of the time, the pace of China's education reform is more and more steady. The development of the education system is gradually perfect. Music teaching is an indispensable part of the teaching system of colleges and universities, which has a positive impact on the improvement of students' music literacy. However, due to the interference of various factors, the national music culture has not been well inherited and developed, leading to the increasingly westernized development of music in China. This paper analyzes and discusses the relationship between university music teaching and national culture in detail, and puts forward a series of strategies and programs that are conducive to the inheritance of national music culture, which plays a role of reference and reference for university music teaching.</p>