jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
New Get with the Guidelines (GWTG) Target of Less Than 45 Minutes Improves Door-to-Needle Time (DNT) for Intravenous Thrombolysis (P2.297)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective:
Examine the reduction in door-to-needle time for acute ischemic stroke after an institutional policy change.
Background:
Faster delivery of intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) in acute ischemic stroke leads to better outcomes. Recently, Get with the Guidelines (GWTG) suggested a benchmark door to needle time (DNT) of 45 minutes. We sought to compare DNT before and after an internal change in goal time.
Methods:
We analyzed prospectively collected data of patients treated with intravenous tissue (IV) plasminogen activator (tPA) before and after implementation of the new benchmark. We assessed demographic information and estimated median time between arrival to ﬁrst image and delivery of tPA in patients from October 2013 to June 2015. Kaplan-Meier estimation was performed to assess improvement in DNT before and after implementation of the new benchmark of <45 minutes in February 2014.
Results:
A total of 70 patients (29 pre-benchmark and 41 post-benchmark) received IV tPA during the study period. Patients in the two groups were not significantly different in age (median 74 vs. 71 years), p=.36. Using binomial modeling, patients in the post-benchmark period had higher average NIHSS scores (9.7 vs. 17.7), p<0.0001. Though a reduction in median DNT was found (66 vs. 51m), this was not statistically significant (p=.41). A total of 5(17.2[percnt]) patients were treated with IV tPA within 45 minutes prior to the new benchmark and 17(41.6[percnt]) patients were treated within 45 minutes post-benchmark.
Conclusions:
Improvement in DNT to achieve new GWTG target of Disclosure: Dr. Sacchetti has nothing to disclose. Dr. Baird has nothing to disclose. Dr. Siket has nothing to disclose. Dr. Saad has nothing to disclose. Dr. Yaghi has nothing to disclose. Dr. Silver has received personal compensation for activities with Women9s Health Initiative, SOCRATES trial, Medscape, Medlink, and Ebix. Dr. Khan has nothing to disclose.
Shp2 regulates leukemic stem cell frequency in MLL-rearranged acute myeloid leukemia.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Shp2 is a non-receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) encoded by the PTPN11 gene. It contains two SH2 domains, a PTP domain, and a carboxyl-terminal region with tyrosine phosphorylation sites. The Shp2 PTP activity is autoinhibited by its N-SH2 domain. Shp2 is activated by docking to specific tyrosine phosphorylated sites via SH2 domains or by gain-of-function (GOF) mutations that disrupt the autoinhibition. GOF Shp2 mutations are most frequently detected in juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML), representing 35% of cases. Animal model studies using conditional knockin of GOF Shp2 E76K or Shp2 D61G in the hematopoietic compartments have shown that these Shp2 mutants cause JMML-like myeloproliferative disease (MPD), albeit after ~6 months of latency (1,2).
VIOLÊNCIA DOMÉSTICA E ATENDIMENTO ODONTOLÓGICO: A NECESSIDADE DE UM MANUAL DE CONDUTAS PARA CIRURGIÕES-DENTISTAS

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

The objective of this study is to help health professionals, especially dentists, know how to identify, approach and appropriately manage the cases of patients who have been victims of domestic violence, by offering clear, evidence-based guidance. It is carried out through a literature review, addressing issues such as oral and maxillofacial trauma associated with domestic violence. The databases consulted included LILACS, SCIELO and PUBMED, the controlled descriptors used and listed by the Health Sciences descriptors (DeCS) were: “Facial trauma”, “Domestic violence” and “Violence against women. The results highlight the need for training health professionals to ensure sensitive care and the importance of collaboration with other areas, such as psychology and social assistance. It is concluded that the implementation of the manual could improve the early detection of abuse and provide more integrated support for victims of domestic violence. Continuous training and awareness raising of dentists are essential to face the ethical and practical challenges related to caring for these patients, contributing to a more effective approach to combating domestic violence.
Effect of Heat on Antioxidant Activity of Ati-Ati Hijau (Plectranthus amboinicus) Leaves Extracts

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Nowadays, there are a variety of antioxidants in the market, but most of them are thermolabile. Their antioxidant capacity decreases during processing and storage or value-chain distribution. Thus, it is necessary to discover a heat stable antioxidant to ensure their effectiveness for scavenging the free radical. Hence, the aim of this research is to determine the presence of heat stables antioxidant in Plectranthus amboinicus leaves. The fresh leaves of Plectranthus amboinicus were dried at 45 oC and powdered. The leaves powdered were boiled in distilled water at 100 °C for 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes respectively. The water extracts were separated from leaves biomass by centrifugation and filtration. Then, the biomass is then sequential soaked in ethanol and ethyl acetate solvent to produce ethanol and ethyl acetate fraction respectively. The antioxidant activities of the extracts were determined by using 2,2- diphenyl-1-picryhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2’-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) and Ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). Total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) were determined using Folin-Ciocalteu method and aluminium chloride colorimetric method, respectively. Profile of extracts was determined with Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) and High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Results indicated that heating increased the antioxidant activity in water, ethanol, ethyl acetate extracts when compared to the unheated sample. TPC and TFC showed the presence of phenolic and flavonoid compound in all extracts, and directly proportional to the antioxidant activity. TLC analysis showed the presence of alkaloids, phenolic, flavonoid, terpenoids, aldehydes and ketones. HPLC analysis showed the presence of caffeic acid and rosmarinic acid in some of the extracts, mainly in ethanol fractions. In conclusion, this study revealed the presence of heat stable antioxidant metabolites in Plectranthus amboinicus leaves that might be contributed by the phenolic compound. The discovery is beneficial knowledge for researchers who possibly will further study on this plant in the future which is useful for industry sector of functional food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical field.
Crystallographic Engineering for Enhanced Orbital Torque

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Spin currents and spin torques in magnetic structures have enabled nanoscale spintronic devices. Recent advances have revealed that their orbital counterparts─orbital currents and orbital torques─can be generated, opening the emerging field of orbitronics. However, harnessing orbital currents and orbital torques in solid-state devices remains a major challenge. Here, we demonstrate that crystal orientation engineering provides an effective route to control orbitronic devices. By investigating orbital torque in ferromagnets with epitaxially grown orbital current sources, we show that distinct crystal orientations between the ferromagnet and the orbital source markedly enhance torque efficiency. This counterintuitive result demonstrates that the enhanced efficiency arises from improved alignment between the momentum-space hotspots of orbital Berry curvature and those governing orbital transport. These findings highlight the importance of crystallographic engineering as a key strategy for advancing orbitronic devices and achieving a quantitative understanding of orbital transport and dynamics.
Locally Enhanced Electric Field Treatment (LEEFT) Promotes the Performance of Ozonation for Bacteria Inactivation by Disrupting the Cell Membrane

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The adoption of ozonation for water disinfection is hindered by its high ozone demand and the resulting high cost. Electric field treatment inactivates bacteria by physically disrupting the integrity of the cell membrane. Assisted by nanowire-modified electrodes, locally enhanced electric field treatment (LEEFT) reduces the required voltage to several volts to induce sufficient electric field strength for efficient bacteria inactivation. In this study, the LEEFT is applied as a pretreatment of ozonation for bacteria inactivation. Our results show that a low-voltage (<0.4 V) LEEFT has no obvious effect on the following ozonation, but a higher-voltage (0.6–1.2 V) LEEFT significantly enhances the ozone inactivation. After the LEEFT, a large number of viable cells with impaired cell membranes are observed, shown by both selective plate count and staining methods. The mechanism inducing the enhancement is explained by the initially reparable pores generated by LEEFT that cannot recover in the subsequent ozonation and the greater intracellular diffusion of ozone after the membrane disruption induced by LEEFT. The application of LEEFT as a pretreatment process is beneficial to reduce the ozone dosage and disinfection by-product formation with a broader inactivation spectrum, which facilitates the application of ozonation in primary water disinfection.
Analysis of crop production and soil nutrients after three years tomato/garlic continuous intercropping under plastic tunnel

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

【Objective】This study aimed to investigate the effects of continuous intercropping of tomato with garlic/green garlic for three years under plastic tunnel on crop biology and soil nutrient content.【Method】During August 2010 to July 2011,two treatments namely tomato intercropping garlic and tomato intercropping green garlic were conducted in plastic tunnel taking monoculture tomato as the control.Garlic and green garlic were intercropped in rows of autumn tomato and grew overwinter till spring when spring tomato was transplanted.The crop biological effects and soil nutrient levels were analyzed in the third year of intercropping.【Result】The growth and yield of autumn tomato were improved and the major quality indexes were significantly increased,whereas the growth and yield of the spring tomato were significantly declined owing to the competition with garlic or green garlic.The intercropped garlic and green garlic showed inhibition to nematodes and their disease prevention effects were 54.9%and 60.0%in autumn tomato and34.3% and 39.4%in spring tomato,respectively.The contents of available nitrogen and available phosphorus were significantly increased in the soil with garlic or green garlic intercropped but the effects on content of available potassium varied.The annually incomes of different cropping patterns were different.Compared to monoculture tomato,incomes from the patterns of tomato/garlic and tomato/green garlic in-creased by 11.0% and 11.9%,respectively.【Conclusion】Continuous intercropping of tomato/garlic or tomato/green garlic decreased incidence of nematodes and increased annual production.
deusthindwa/social.contact.rates.estimation.hiv.malawi

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

INTRODUCTION: Understanding human mixing patterns relevant to infectious diseases spread through close contact is vital for modelling transmission dynamics and optimisation of disease control strategies. Mixing patterns in low-income countries like Malawi are not well known. METHODOLOGY: We conducted a social mixing survey in urban Blantyre, Malawi between April and July 2021 (between the 2nd and 3rd wave of COVID-19 infections). Participants living in densely-populated neighbourhoods were randomly sampled and, if they consented, reported their physical and non-physical contacts within and outside homes lasting at least 5 min during the previous day. Age-specific mixing rates were calculated, and a negative binomial mixed effects model was used to estimate determinants of contact behaviour. RESULTS: Of 1201 individuals enroled, 702 (58.5%) were female, the median age was 15 years (interquartile range [IQR] 5-32) and 127 (10.6%) were HIV-positive. On average, participants reported 10.3 contacts per day (range: 1-25). Mixing patterns were highly age-assortative, particularly those within the community and with skin-to-skin contact. Adults aged 20-49 y reported the most contacts (median:11, IQR: 8-15) of all age groups; 38% (95%CI: 16-63) more than infants (median: 8, IQR: 5-10), who had the least contacts. Household contact frequency increased by 3% (95%CI: 2-5) per additional household member. Unemployed participants had 15% (95%CI: 9-21) fewer contacts than other adults. Among long range (>30 m away from home) contacts, secondary school children had the largest median contact distance from home (257 m, IQR 78-761). HIV-positive status in adults >=18 years-old was not associated with changed contact patterns (rate ratio: 1.01, 95%CI: (0.91-1.12)). During this period of relatively low COVID-19 incidence in Malawi, 301 (25.1%) individuals stated that they had limited their contact with others due to COVID-19 precautions; however, their reported contacts were 8% (95%CI: 1-13) higher. CONCLUSION: In urban Malawi, contact rates, are high and age-assortative, with little reported behavioural change due to either HIV-status or COVID-19 circulation. This highlights the limits of contact-restriction-based mitigation strategies in such settings and the need for pandemic preparedness to better understand how contact reductions can be enabled and motivated.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave Irradiation: Wittig Olefination of Lactones and Amides.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
On triple factorisations of finite groups

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

This paper introduces and develops a general framework for studying triple factorisations of the form $G=ABA$ of finite groups $G$, with $A$ and $B$ subgroups of $G$. We call such a factorisation nondegenerate if $G\neq AB$. Consideration of the action of $G$ by right multiplication on the right cosets of $B$ leads to a nontrivial upper bound for $|G|$ by applying results about subsets of restricted movement. For $A
Simulation and Experiment on Automatic Polarization Alignment of Fine Polarization Maintaining Fibers

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

To improve the performance of fine polarization maintaining fiber(PMF)couplers,it is necessary to increase the detection accuracy of polarization axis.The mathematical model of panda PMF index is established,and then the side view method is simulated.From the simulation results,the light is transmitted in the optical fiber and is focused on the other side,and the maximum light intensity of the fiber image is related to the rotation angle and the observation distance.When the observation distance is constant,the maximum value of light intensity changes periodically with the PMF rotation angle.When the observation plane is near the focused one of the transmitted light, the highest light intensity of optical image reaches the maximum value,which is the polarization axis detection parameter of PMF.Based on this,detection method which takes the maximum intensity as the feature is proposed. Combining the micro-vision technology,the polarization axis detection system for fine PMF is designed.The image sharpness function which can confirm the position of the detection plane is proposed.The experimental data are processed using the Fourier filtering method.By fitting the experiment data with the cubic spline method,the panda PMF polarization axis is determined.According to the experimental results,the repetitive detection error is 0.61°, which meets the requirements of PMF coupler manufacturing.
Integrated Watershed Management for Increasing Productivity and Water-Use Efficiency in Semi-Arid Tropical India

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Poverty, food insecurity, and malnutrition are pervasive in the semi-arid tropics (SAT) of South Asia, including India. In rural areas, most of the poor make their livelihoods on the use of natural resources, which are degraded and inefficiently used. This is because of the inadequate traditional management practices of managing agriculture as well as the fact that resulting crop yields are much below the expected potential yields. ICRISAT in the early 1970s initiated research on watersheds for integrated use of land, water, and crop management technologies for increasing crop production through efficient use of natural resources, especially rainfall that is highly variable in the SAT and is the main cause of year-to-year variation in crop production in India. Improved watershed management on Vertisols more than doubled crop productivity, and rainfall-use efficiency increased from 35% to 70% when compared with traditional technology. After many years of implementing and evaluating these improved technologies in on-farm situations, many lessons were learned and they formed part of the integrated watershed management model currently being pursued by ICRISAT in community watersheds in rural settings. This watershed model is more holistic and puts rural communities and their collective actions at center stage for implementing improved watershed technologies with technical backstopping and convergence by consortium partners. We describe here the achievements made in enhancing crop productivity and rainfall-use efficiency by implementing improved technologies in on-farm community watersheds in India.
Improved method for fractionating gamma-glutamyltransferase by electrophoresis on cellulose acetate.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract I describe a method of fractionating gamma-glutamyltransferase on cellulose acetate. The tracing is obtained in parallel with that of serum protein, and the gamma-glutamyltransferase bands are characterized by correspondence with the major protein fractions. The overall pattern of the isoenzyme activity in normal sera is one of activity in the alpha1- and alpha2-globulin regions. In hepatic diseases four bands are usually present, but some more specific observations are possible, e.g., the presence of an intense beta-globulin band in occlusive icterus, intra- or extrahepatic, and a marked alpha2-globulin band in alcoholism. The potentialities of this technique as a diagnostic and prognostic aid together with its simplicity prompt me to recommend its use in the clinical laboratory.
Assessing Organizational Health Literacy at an Academic Health Center: A Quantitative Research Study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Inadequate health literacy is a national health problem that affects about 90 million Americans. Health literacy is the degree to which a person is able to make good health decisions based on his/her ability to read, understand, and use health information and services. Organizational Health Literacy (OHL) is the degree to which an organization considers and promotes the health literacy of patients by providing easy to read, understand, and use health information and services. Since it is difficult to determine which patients have inadequate health literacy, a recommended intervention for addressing health literacy is to use OHL practices at all patient-provider interactions. The purpose of this research study was to assess OHL practices at a large academic health center using criteria found in the ten attributes of a health literate healthcare organization (HLHO).\nA survey research design was used to collect quantitative data to perform a needs assessment of OHL practices. An online survey that assesses the Ten Attributes of a Health Literate Healthcare Organization was distributed to current employees at the research site. A total of 463 survey responses were received over a ten-week period. On a 7-point Likert-type scale, the mean response on how well the organization considers and promotes the health literacy of patients was 4.72. Univariate analysis of variance revealed that there were no statistically significant differences at the 0.05 level of significance in employee responses to the survey questions based on health profession (p > 0.05), years of service (p > 0.05), or level of patient contact (p > 0.05).\nAnalyses of employee ratings of OHL practices based on race, gender, age, and education revealed that there were statistically significant differences in employee responses based on employees’ highest education completed only. Employees with college degrees provided the lowest ratings of OHL practices at their organization. Findings revealed that employee ratings of OHL practices indicated that the organization is not adequately considering nor promoting the health literacy of patients, and improvements are needed in all areas to become a health literate healthcare organization.
Extracellular roles of high-mobility-group B1

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

High-mobility-group B1 (HMGB1), an abundant, highly conserved cellular protein, is widely known as a nuclear DNA-binding protein that stabilizes nucleosome formation, and facilitates gene transcription. Recent studies suggested that HMGB1 could be overexpressed and released from cellular nucleosome upon endotoxin and cytokine stimulation, or other stress challenge including burns, shock, as well as infection. Therefore, extracellular HMGB1 might be involved in the pathogenesis of sepsis and subsequent multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. Moreover, experimental data showed that extracellular HMGB1 might play vital roles in nerves development, tumor metastasis, atherosclerosis and restenosis after vascular damage.
Slow electron holes in multicomponent plasmas

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Electrostatic solitary waves (ESWs), often interpreted as electron phase space holes, are commonly observed in plasmas and are manifestations of strongly nonlinear processes. Often slow ESWs are observed, suggesting generation by the Buneman instability. The instability criteria, however, are generally not satisfied. We show how slow electron holes can be generated by a modified Buneman instability in a plasma that includes a slow electron beam on top of a warm thermal electron background. This lowers the required current for marginal instability and allows for generation of slow electron holes for a wide range of beam parameters that covers expected plasma distributions in space, for example, in magnetic reconnection regions. At higher beam speeds, the electron‐electron beam instability becomes dominant instead, producing faster electron holes. The range of phase speeds for this model is consistent with a statistical set of observations at the magnetopause made by Cluster.