jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Relationship of Alcohol Drinking Pattern to Risk of Hypertension

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Epidemiological studies have demonstrated a positive relationship between heavy alcohol use and hypertension, but few studies have directly addressed the role of drinking pattern. This study was designed to investigate the association of current alcohol consumption and aspects of drinking pattern with hypertension risk in a sample of 2609 white men and women from western New York, aged 35 to 80 years, and free from other cardiovascular diseases. Hypertension was defined by systolic blood pressure ≥140 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mm Hg or use of antihypertensive medication. Odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) were computed after adjustment for several covariates. Compared with lifetime abstainers, participants reporting drinking on a daily basis (1.75 [1.13 to 2.72]) or mostly without food (1.64 [1.08 to 2.51]) exhibited significantly higher risk of hypertension. When analyses were restricted to current drinkers, daily drinkers and participants consuming alcohol without food exhibited a significantly higher risk of hypertension compared with those drinking less than weekly (1.65 [1.18 to 2.30]) and those drinking mostly with food (1.49 [1.10 to 2.00]), respectively. After additional adjustment for the amount of alcohol consumed in the past 30 days, the results were follows: 0.90 (0.58 to 1.41) for daily drinkers and 1.41 (1.04 to 1.91) for drinkers without food. For predominant beverage preference, no consistent association with hypertension risk was found across the various types of beverages considered (beer, wine, and liquor). In conclusion, drinking outside meals appears to have a significant effect on hypertension risk independent of the amount of alcohol consumed.
The Perverse Affections of Ezra Pound: A Response to Larry Scanlon

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

I must confess that I have not thought about Ezra Pound for quite some time. Of course, I have taught his poetry and recited facts about him in my classes. I have even discussed how to interpret the complexities of Pound's various experiments with poetic voice, but that is not precisely the same task as thinking about him. I probably have not thought about him seriously since I decided somewhere around the late 1990s—along with a host of other literary scholars—that Ezra Pound was your garden variety brilliant but authoritarian modernist, certainly an agent provocateur, but not someone whose aesthetic and poetry I would return to and reinterpret with any earnest effort. For me, Pound's work embodied what he himself called “the Totalitarian Synthesis,” in order to name that curious melding of art, artist, nation, and culture that flourished in the modernism that came into being during the age of excessive nationalism and state power. I had certainly never bothered to devote any serious consideration to Pound's relationship to the medieval, the intense study of medieval and Romance languages that he undertook during his graduate education, or his revision of the tropes of laureation and courtly love. However, Larry Scanlon's article has me thinking about Ezra Pound again. By discussing Pound in terms of laureation and, particularly, in terms of courtly love, Scanlon has offered us a new metric by which to measure Pound's poetic and political perversity, for it is at the level of its perversity that Pound's extorted yet innovative logic might just provide us with a coherent way to discuss his aesthetic. What I will offer are my thoughts about this perversity and then pose a few questions.
De Sitter cosmology from Gauss-Bonnet dark energy with quantum effects

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A Gauss-Bonnet dark energy model is considered, which is inspired in string/M-theory and takes also into account quantum contributions. Those are introduced from a conformal quantum anomaly. The corresponding solutions for the Hubble rate, $H$, are studied starting from the Friedmann-Robertson-Walker equation. It is seen that, as a pure effect of the quantum contributions, a new solution for $H$ exists in some region, which does not appear in the classical case. The behavior of all encountered solutions is studied with care, in particular, the role played by the quantum correction term--which depends on the number of matter fields--on the stability of the solutions around its asymptotic value. It is argued that, contrary to what happens in the classical case, quantum effects remarkably lead to the realization of a de Sitter stage which corresponds to the inflation/dark energy stages, even for positive values of the f_0 constant (coupling of the field with the Gauss-Bonnet invariant).
Organization and Mathematics: A Look into the Prehistory of Industrial Engineering

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

One intellectual process that has strongly marked the history of the 20 th century is bound up with the specific attention paid to the problems of control, management and organization and the attempt to measure oneself with them on the basis of a rational, explicit representation. This representation had to be suitable for making generalizations, possibly through mathematical modeling, and to replace the traditional approach to such questions based on implicit and intuitive knowledge used to resolve them on a case by case basis. In the 20th century problems arose which acted as an urgent stimulus to these developments: first the diffusion of mass production; then the large-scale logistics problems that arose during World War II, which represented a turning point; the management of international equilibria during the Cold War period and, again during the central decades of the century, the development of the great public and private organizations and the strengthening of the need for a government of society and the economy based on science and the advice of experts; lastly, the current problem of controlling and managing the globalization of communications, production, and commerce.
Advanced Methods for Monitoring and Fault Diagnosis of Control Loops in Common Rail Systems

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Common rail systems are a key component of modern diesel engines and highly increase their performance. During their working lifetime, there could be critical damages or failures related to aging, like backlash or friction, or out-of-spec operating conditions, like low-quality fuel with, e.g., the presence of water or particles or a high percentage of biodiesel. In this work, suitable data-driven methods are adopted to develop an automatic procedure to monitor, diagnose, and estimate some types of faults in common rail systems. In particular, the pressure control loop operating within the engine control unit is investigated; the system is described using a Hammerstein model composed of a nonlinear model for the control valve behavior and an extended linear model for the process dynamics, which also accounts for the presence of external disturbances. Three different sources of oscillations can be successfully detected and quantified: valve stiction, aggressive controller tuning, and external disturbance. Selected case studies are used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the developed methodology.
Gamitaeeumjowee-tang for Weight Loss in Post-Menopausal Obese Women: A Retrospective Chart Review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to evaluate weight change and analyze adverse events in post-menopausal obese women with Gamitaeeumjowee-tang for weight loss.Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted for medical records of 115 post-menopausal obese women (body mass index, BMI≥25 kg/m2) who were administered with Gamitaeeumjowee-tang for 12 weeks for the purpose of weight loss. Weight, skeletal muscle ratio and BMI changes were compared before and after the program. Adverse events were evaluated by causality, severity and system-organ classes.Results: A total of 115 patients were included in this study. The average total weight loss in post-menopausal women was 5.72±2.04kg(p<0.001) and the average weight loss rate was 8.06±2.70%(p<0.001). After the 12-week program, the body fat rate was significantly decreased(3.76±2.20%)(p<0.001) and the skeletal muscle ratio was significantly increased(2.07±1.24%)(p<0.001). There were no significant differences in weight loss, skeletal muscle ratio change and body fat rate change depending on the number of hospital visits. Insomnia was frequently reported throughout the period, and no serious adverse events were reported.Conclusions: This study showed the potential that weight management treatment with Gamitaeeumjowee-tang could be a good way to lose weight of post-menopausal obese women without serious adverse events. Continuous well designed clinical studies are needed.
Multiple region MRI

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Traditional Fourier MR imaging (FT MRI) utilizes the Whittaker-Kotel'nikov-Shannon (WKS) sampling theorem. This theorem specifies the spatial frequency components which need to be measured to reconstruct an image with a known field of view (FOV). In this paper, we generalize this result in order to find the optimal k-space sampling for images that vanish except in multiple, possibly non-adjacent regions within the FOV. This provides the basis for "multiple region MRI" (mrMRI), a method of producing such images from a fraction of the k-space samples required by the WKS theorem. Image reconstruction does not suffer from noise amplification and can be performed rapidly with fast Fourier transforms, just as in conventional FT MRI. The mrMRI method can also be used to reconstruct images that have low spatial-frequency components throughout the entire FOV and high spatial frequencies (i.e. edges) confined to multiple small regions. The greater efficiency of mrMRI sampling can be parlayed into increased temporal or spatial resolution whenever the imaged objects have signal or "edge" intensity confined to multiple small portions of the FOV. Possible areas of application include MR angiography (MRA), interventional MRI, functional MRI, and spectroscopic MRI. The technique is demonstrated by using it to acquire Gd-enhanced first-pass 3D MRA images of the carotid arteries without the use of bolus-timing techniques. Magn Reson Med 41:774–786, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Specifics of the International Political Position of the Commonwealth of Australia in the first half of the ХХ-th century

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The paper focuses on the initial stage of the formation of the Commonwealth of Australia, and the process of its establishing as an independent State. The international political context for the development of the country, from the period of creation of the Federation to the beginning of the Second World War, is primarily viewed. The Commonwealth’s international position, its place and role in the regional and global geopolitical processes of the early XX century, in particular in the context of its relations with Great Britain, are analyzed. The features of the transformation of British colonial policies on the eve of the First World War are examined. The specifics of the UK system of relations with Australia, as well as other dominions, are being examined. The features of status of the dominions in the British Empire system are shown. The role of the dominions and, in particular, the Commonwealth of Australia in the preparatory process for the First World War, as well as the peculiarities of its participation in hostilities, is analyzed. The significance of the actions of the First World War on the domestic political situation in Australia, as well as its impact on dominions relations with the British Empire, is revealed. The history of the foundation of the Australian-New Zealand Army Corps (ANZAC) and its participation in imperial forces on the frontline of the First World War is analyzed. The success and failure of its fighters, as well as the role of ANZAC, in the process of formation an Australian political nation are analyzed. The economic, humanitarian and international political consequences of the First World War for the Commonwealth of Australia are examined, as well as the influence of these consequences on the structure of relations between the dominions and the British Empire. The socio-economic situation of the Commonwealth of Australia on the eve of World War II, in particular the impact of the Great depression on the development of the country as a whole and its internal political situation in particular, is analyzed. The ideological, military-strategic and international political prerequisites for Australia’s entry into the Second World War are being considered.
Evaluation of Fresh and Year-Old Solid Waste Composts for Production of Wildflower and Grass Sods on Plastic

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Source of compostable materials and length of composting or aging affect quality of composts and their suitability as media for crop growth. In this experiment, year-old and fresh composts of mixed municipal solid wastes (MSW), agricultural wastes (chicken manure and cranberry pomace), and autumn leaves were evaluated for their capacities to support production of turfgrass and mixed wildflower sods. Composts were laid in 5-cm-thick layers on plastic in outdoor plots. Germination, stand establishment, biomass production, and flowering responses of grass or wildflowers were assessed for each medium. Seed germination and stand establishment were sensitive to factors present in fresh, apparently immature composts of mixed MSW or autumn leaves. Subsequent plant growth was reduced in these compost largely due to poor establishment of stands. The limiting factors were identified as excessive ammonium in the fresh MSW compost and inadequate total N in the leaf compost. Aging of the composts increased their value in sod production by lowering the concentrations of ammonium in the MSW compost and by increasing the concentration of N in the leaf compost. Agricultural compost was N-rich but low in ammonium, and aging of this compost had a lesser effect on plant growth than with the other composts. Flowering of annual wildflowers in the first season and early flowering biennial and perennial wildflowers in the second season was greater in the mixed MSW or agricultural compost than in leaf compost. Bloom of late flowering species was unaffected or only slightly affected by the source of compost in the second season. The results of this experiment show that a fully mature compost is required for production of high quality sods.
Growth and fatty acid profile of Nannochloropsis oceanica cultivated on nano-filtered whey permeate

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Nano-filtered whey permeate (WP), a major by-product of dairy industry, is produced by membrane filtration of whey. The oleaginous microalga Nannochloropsis oceanica was successfully cultivated on WP without salinity and nutrient amendments. Growth, cell characteristics, and fatty acid profile of the cultures were analyzed using microscopy, flow cytometry, and GC analysis. WP was nitrogen limited, comprising primarily protein as a nitrogen source and only small amounts of free inorganic nitrogen (in the form of nitrate). Nannochloropsis oceanica (and associated bacteria) efficiently removed nitrate (100%), protein (87%), and phosphate (74%) from the whey permeate. Microscopic and flow cytometric analysis revealed diverse size distributions in whey permeate cultures, with significant cell aggregation attributed to low-salinity acclimatization and nitrogen limitation. Autofluorescence analysis revealed reduced photosynthetic activity in whey permeate-grown cells, possibly as a consequence of heightened mixotrophic activities on carbon source in the medium. Low nitrogen availability in whey permeate resulted in biomass with a fatty acid profile enriched in saturated fatty acids. Despite this, a considerable level of the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (in the form of eicosapentanoic acid or EPA) was detected at ca. 16% of total fatty acids. Whey permeate proved beneficial for the growth of N. oceanica and yielded high concentrations of eicosapentaenoic acid in the extracted lipids for potential applications in the feed/food industries.
Pengembangan Bahan Ajar Digital Berbasis Hots Dengan Memanfaatkan Aplikasi Canva pada Mata Pelajaran IPA Kelas V SD

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This research aims to produce a product of digital teaching materials based on HOTS in the subject of Heat and Transfer Science for class V SD Negeri 20 Pemulutan which has valid, feasible, and effective results. This study uses the Research and Development research method (research and development) using the ADDIE model (Analyze, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation). The subjects in this study were 3 validators which included media experts, material experts, and linguists, as well as fifth-grade elementary school students in the one-to-one trial of as many as 3 students, the small group of as many as 9 students, and the pretest-posttest as many as 10 students. The results showed that thevalidity assessment was 81.2% based on validation questionnaire sheets from media experts, linguists, and material experts with the "Very Valid" category, based on student responses questionnaire sheets in small group trials obtained a practicality assessment of 84.7%, and based on the results of the pretest and posttest obtained an N-Gain score of 0.44 with the category "Medium Improvement" according to the N-Gain scale.
Rural network automation system of Guangxi Water Resources & Electric Power Group

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

An introduction was made on the structure of the rural network automation system of Guangxi Water Resources Electric Power Group.Combined with the features and actual requirements of rural power grid in Guangxi,the authors discussed the 5 function modules including SCADA,external network communication,Web real-time information publishing,system support platform and IP telephone.This system had been applied by power supply enterprises in more than 10 counties of Guangxi,rendering good effect.
Sexually transmitted viral infections invarious population groupsinMogadishu, Somalia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

SUMMARY Theprevalence ofserum antibodies tohumanimmunodeficiency virus (HIV), herpes simplex virus (HSV), andcytomegalovirus (CMV)andofhepatitis B virus (HBV)markers was investigated indifferent population groups,including prostitutes, inMogadishu, Somalia. Hepatitis Bsurface antigen (HBsAg) was detected in37%ofpregnant women, 4% ofneonates, 22%ofeducated women, and20%ofprostitutes. Nosignificant difference between thegroupswas observed forHBV.Incontrast tofigures reported fromSouthEastAsia, theprevalence ofhepatitis Beantigen (HBeAg) was 18%inprostitutes andonly3% inallother HBsAgpositive subjects. Theprevalence ofantibodies toHSV(100%) andCMV (90%) was veryhigh, butantibodies against HIVwerenotdetected inanyof471sera.Astheroutes oftransmission forHBV andHIV infections areconsidered tobesimilar, HIVwill probably spread rapidly inSomalia oncethis virus hasbeenintroduced into thecountry. Humanimmunodeficiency virus (HIV), earlier named LAV/HTLV-III, probably hasanimportant role in Africa ascausing a sexually transmitted disease (STD), butinformation isonly available fromalimited numberofpopulations andcountries.' Other viral infections that havebeenassociated withsexual transmission arehepatitis B (HBV), herpes simplex type 2(HSV2), cytomegalovirus (CMV), andhuman papillomavirus (HPV). Theprevalence ofHBV infections inasociety is proportional totheextent oftheinfectious reservoir andtotheroutes andpossibilities oftransmission. Theprevalence ofHBV carriers varies indifferent parts oftheworld andismuchhigher indeveloping countries (5%to20%)thaninthedeveloped world (0.1 to0.6%).2
Analisis Tata Ruang Dalam Kenyamanan Kerja dan Opimalisasi Kinerja pada Bank Muamalat KCU Medan Baru

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This study aims to determine (1) : office space management that has been carried out at Bank Muamalat Kcu Medan Baru (2) Achievements and efforts in the problem of employee comfort at Bank Muamalat Kcu Medan Baru. (3) the existing management plan of Bank Muamalat Kcu Medan Baru on effective spatial management. The data collection technique is qualitative with descriptive method. The data obtained at Bank Muamalat Kcu Medan Baru there are several errors and obstacles in the arrangement of the room so that some good strategies are needed so that the company maximizes the arrangement in accordance with the principles of spatial management so that the company is comfortable and the employees work well. Keywords: Office Layout, Work Comfort, Employee Performance
OC07.04: Differential regional distribution of ventricular volumes in fetuses with isolated non‐severe ventriculomegaly is associated with poor neurodevelopmental outcome

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

To evaluate whether regional volumetric parameters of the lateral ventricles by magnetic resonance (MR) where associated with adverse outcome compared to standard 2D-linear-measurement of ventricular width by ultrasound (US) in isolated non-severe ventriculomegaly (INSVM). We prospectively included 42 healthy controls and 42 INSVM fetuses with uni- or bilateral ventriculomegaly between 10.0 and 14.9mm. Fetuses with associated malformation, infection or abnormal microarray were excluded. MR was performed at two time points depending on the onset of INSVM (early 27 weeks and late 33 weeks) using 1.5T scanner including 4 axial, 2 coronal and 2 sagittal stacks. High-resolution 3D fetal brain images were reconstructed, and lateral ventricles segmented and parcellated into 5 regions. Neurodevelopment was assessed performing Bayley-III at 20 months. Statistical analysis was adjusted by gestational age and gender. 3D reconstructions succeeded in 81% of fetuses. Ventricular volume was 2.1 vs 7.4cm3 in INSVM (p < 0.01). Significant enlargement was found in all ventricular regions compared to controls. When evaluating the association of ventricular parameters with outcome, ventricular width measurement by US, did not show association with abnormal Bayley-III (Pseudo-R = 0.001; p = 0.98), but regional ventricular volumes, especially anterior horn volumes presented significant association with poorer outcome (Pseudo-R = 0.519; p < 0.01). Fetuses with INSVM showed increased volumes in all regions of the lateral ventricles compared to controls, being anterior horn volumes significantly associated with postnatal outcome. These findings suggest that addition of advanced imaging analysis and volumetric assessment might provide more information and could be useful to select those cases with adverse outcome.
Immunoreactive Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide in Acinic Cell Carcinoma of the Parotid Gland

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) in the neoplastic cells of acinic cell carcinomas arising in the human parotid gland was found immunohistochemically, whereas other parotid gland tumors, such as pleomorphic adenoma, Warthin's tumor, oxyphilic adenoma, mucoepidermoid carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, and adenoid cystic carcinoma, did not show positive immunoreactivity for VIP. The acinic cell carcinoma stained with Grimelius impregnation and had dense core granules immunoreactive with anti-VIP serum. Moreover, a comparatively high concentration of immunoreactive VIP was detected by radioimmunoassay in an acinic cell carcinoma, whereas VIP concentration of the other tumors was undetectable.