jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
UCH‐L1 promotes invasion of breast cancer cells through activating Akt signaling pathway

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract As a de‐ubiquitin enzyme, ubiquitin C‐terminal hydrolase (UCH)‐L1 has been shown to be overexpressed in several human cancers. However, the function of UCH‐L1 in invasion of breast cancers is still unclear. Here we report that the expression of UCH‐L1 is significantly higher in cancer cells with higher invasive ability. While ectopic UCH‐L1 expression failed to alter cell proliferation in MCF‐7 cells, it caused a significant upregulation of cellular invasion. Furthermore, siRNA mediated knockdown of UCH‐L1 led to suppression of invasion in UCH‐L1 overexpressing MCF‐7 cells. In order to identify molecular mechanisms underlying these observations, a novel in vitro proximity‐dependent biotin identification method was developed by fusing UCH‐L1 protein with a bacterial biotin ligase ( Escherichia coli BirA R118G, BioID). Streptavidin magnetic beads pulldown assay revealed that UCH‐L1 can interact with Akt in MCF‐7 cells. Pulldown assay with His tagged recombinant UCH‐L1 protein and cell lysate from MCF‐7 cells further demonstrated that UCH‐L1 preferentially binds to Akt2 for Akt activation. Finally, we demonstrated that overexpression of UCH‐L1 led to activation of Akt as evidenced by upregulation of phosphorylated Akt. Thus, these findings demonstrated that UCH‐L1 promotes invasion of breast cancer cells and might serve as a potential therapeutic target for treatment of human patients with breast cancers.
Antibodies and reactive T cells against the malaria heat-shock protein Pf72/Hsp70-1 and derived peptides in individuals continuously exposed to Plasmodium falciparum.

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Pf72/Hsp70-1, a heat-shock protein of m.w. 72 kDa from Plasmodium falciparum is one of the Ag of interest to be included in a polyvalent vaccine against malaria. It is one of the major immunogens present in a fraction of purified blood stage parasites that elicited protection against experimental infection of Saimiri monkeys with blood stages of P. falciparum. It is present at all blood stages and one of its B cell epitopes is also detected on the surface of the infected hepatocyte. Moreover, Pf72 appears to be well conserved among different isolates of P. falciparum. We have examined the immune response against Pf72/Hsp70-1 in individuals from different age groups living in a holoendemic area (West Africa). The immune response against the native Ag (purified from schizonts and called Pf/Hsp70) was analyzed both at the humoral level by ELISA and at the cellular level by assessing in vitro proliferation and IFN-gamma production of PBMC. Of the individuals studied 52% had a statistically significant level of anti-Pf/Hsp70 antibodies as compared with unexposed individuals. These positive individuals showed a heterogeneous distribution because significant levels of antibodies were found in 70% of the adults but in only 26% of the children. The presence of Pf/Hsp70-specific reactive T cells in the blood was detected in 32% of the individuals. The total anti-Pf/Hsp70 antibody level (IgG+IgM) appeared strongly age related and correlated positively with parasite exposure, whereas the T cell response failed to correlate either with the antibody level or with age. Moreover, PBMC of donors responded to the Pf/Hsp70 in a dissociated way, namely, by either T cell proliferation or IFN-gamma production. Ten synthetic peptides based on sequences found in the C-terminal part of Pf72/Hsp70-1 were further tested as potential T cell epitopes. The proliferative response of PBMC from individuals continuously exposed to the parasite showed that three peptides more frequently trigger significant T cell proliferation (in 21% to 27% of the individuals) and three others less frequently (10%). None of these peptides allowed detection of reactive T cells in PBMC of Europeans with no previous exposure to malaria. Some of the stimulating peptides are highly similar to human heat-shock Hsc and Hsp70 with large stretches of identical amino acids.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
State Water Policy of Assam 2007

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This chapter examines how the newly formulated Draft State Water Policy (DSWP) of 2007, with its pro-commercialisation thrust, has become a point of contestation in Assam. The DSWP was prepared by the Assam Science Technology and Environmental Council (ASTEC) on behalf of the Water Resources Department of the Government of Assam. The civil society in Assam participated in the debates and discussions on the DSWP with considerable amount of interest and vigour. The civil society organisations from the urban areas representing mainly the poor and lower middle class also strongly articulated their concerns regarding introduction of water meter, the provision of progressive tariffs on the use of water and so on. In March 2012, the Assam government got the Assam Ground Water Control and Regulation Act 2012 enacted in the State Assembly with the objective of regulating and controlling the use of groundwater in the State, which is depleting in many parts of Assam, mainly because of over exploitation.
Measurements of cavity flow

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Cavity flow is a phenomenon which occurs when air flows over a cavity. When this occurs, the shear layer of the flowing air impinges the cavity surfaces to cause drag, vibrations and acoustic tones. These occurrences are commonly experienced in landing gear wells, weapon bays and automobile windows. This problem has to be addressed since excessive drag leads to increase power demand, vibrations can lead to fatigue failure and excessive noise beats the benefits of stealth in military aircrafts. Therefore, the study of cavity modification to reduce and prevent these issues needs to be conducted. Hence, cavity modification modules need to be fabricated for use with the existing cavity test rig to better understand the benefits of the chosen modifications have on subsonic cavity flow. The exisiting base line cavity models were modified to study the effects of ramped trailing edge and partial cavity cover modifications. The trailing edge ramp models had heights of 10mm and 20mm with ramp angles of 30°, 45° and 60°. The partial covers covered the different aspect ratio cavities at 25%, 50% and 75%. The cavity modification modules have to facilitate easy installation on the existing test rig and different concepts from past research were considered before designing and fabricating the units. With the finalised design, the modules were built and installed onto the current test rig to allow experimental studies in the Fluid Mechanics Laboratory subsonic wind tunnel. Cavity surface pressure distribution and particle image velocimetry flow visualisation were two techniques used to study the effects of cavity modifications on cavity flow. For the ramped and partial cover modifications, cavity surface pressure distribution of four different length-to-depth aspect ratios were measured and compared with non-modified base line cavities. In addition, 3-D effects were also determined using pressure measurements. Particle image velocimetry was used to study the flow of cavities with aspect ratio two. Results from the studies showed that the use of ramped modifications influenced the airflow within the cavities and had positive effects on the pressure distribution magnitudes for low aspect ratio cavities experiencing open cavity flow. This phenomenon is especially significant for cavities with ramp height of 20mm and ramp angle 30° where cavity floor pressure fluctuations were reduced. Furthermore, increasing the percentage of cavity coverage greatly stabilized the pressure distribution across the whole range of aspect ratio tested. Finally, the presence of 3-D effect within cavities was validated.
The Inflammatory Bowel Disease Middle East Registry: Challenges Faced, and Lessons Learned from Setting Up a Multi-Country Patient Registry

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The burden of inflammatory bowel disease is rising globally, including in the Middle East. There is a paucity of real-world data related to the disease and its treatment in many countries in this region. Patient registries can provide real-world evidence of disease incidence and aetiology, treatment and patient outcomes. The authors designed a non-interventional, multicentre registry to evaluate treatment pathways, resource consumption, and clinical outcomes of patients with inflammatory bowel disease in the Middle East. This article describes challenges faced, and lessons learned from setting up the registry. Registry development requires time, effort, expertise, and skills development to be functional and meet international standards. Careful consideration of legal, governance, ethical and financial issues; data protection and control, minimum data set, data quality assurance, data collection methods, inclusion criteria as well as data sources is critical to the development process. Our findings present stakeholders with a guide for the development and implementation of future registries in the Middle East and offer valuable lessons learned that other countries or regions can utilise as they address inflammatory bowel disease burden and establish their own registries.
Health Care Associated Infections: Sources and Routes of Transmission

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

IntroductionHealth care associated infections are infections that patients acquire, while they are in contact with the healthcare system.Contact includes all procedures associated with diagnostics, treatment, care, and rehabilitation.Health care associated infections were formerly called hospital or nosocomial infections.Hospitals still account for the vast majority of cases; however, for practical reasons the concept has been widened to comprise infections in all parts of the health care system, because a growing part of disease management takes place outside hospitals, e.g. in out patient clinics, nursing homes and general practice.The spectrum of health care associated infections ranges from simple common colds to life threatening sepsis with multidrug resistant organisms.With the above definition, around 10 % of patients on average will become infected while they are in contact with the health care system.Health care associated infections also include occupational infectious diseases acquired by health care workers.Health care associated infections are determined by a number of risk factors related to the patients themselves, the procedures they are exposed to, the organisms that cause disease, and buildings and rooms where treatment takes place (Fig. 1).Patients have an increased susceptibility to infection because they are weakened by disease, and in addition often elderly.Old age weakens the immune system and the function of vital organs.Lifestyle factors such as poor quality food, lack of exercise, and tobacco and alcohol abuse also play a role.Invasive procedures, like surgery and insertion of catheters break down the natural barriers of skin and mucous membranes and thereby predispose for health care associated infections.Cytostatics and other immunosuppressive agents also enhance the risk of infection, and the same applies to broad spectrum antibiotics through their impact on the patients' endogenous microbial flora.Hospital bacteria may have an enhanced potential for producing health care associated infections.A high consumption of broad spectrum antibiotics selects for multi-drug resistant organisms, which spread in hospitals despite infection control measures.Their spread may be favoured by genetic links between antibiotic resistance and virulence factors such as adhesion to cell surfaces (Di Martino et al 1997) and medical devices.Building facilities also play a role.Overcrowding and lack of facilities for isolation of contagious patients predispose for health care associated infections.Reduction of domestic cleaning leads to accumulation of pathogens on contact surfaces, which may subsequently be transmitted to patients.www.intechopen.
Apical chlorosis and leaf spot of Tagetes spp. caused by Pseudomonas tagetis Hellmers

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

An undescribed apical chlorosis caused severe losses in seedlings of Tagetes erecta and T. patula types in Sydney, Brisbane and Melbourne in 1976. Bacterial leaf spots without chlorotic haloes invariably accompanied the disease. The same bacterium was isolated from leaf lesions and chlorotic tissue and produced leaf spots and chlorosis on marigold, zinnia and sunflower with spray inoculation. Leaf spots did not develop on T. signata. Apical chlorosis developed on a diverse range of plants following wound inoculation. The pathogen was shown to be seed-borne. The pathogen was identified as Pseudomonas tagetis, cultural and biochemical characteristics described, and a neotype culture proposed. An exotoxin was produced in vitro which caused apical chlorosis in Zinnia elegans and T. patula.
Privatisation of Social Welfare Services and Social Work Practice: An Overview of the Issues

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

‘Privatisation’ is a term that is widely discussed but not well understood. This paper reviews two major relevant trends in privatisation. Privatisation of social welfare services is conceptualised in terms of both financing and delivery of services. Privatisation of social work practice includes a range of social work practice including the development of social work in private practice. The implications of these developments are discussed.
Effects of supplementation of powdered Zataria multiflora on growth performance and serumic parameters in common carp (Cyprinus Carpio)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The use of medicinal plants can be effective in increasing the growth of aquatic organisms and to promote a non-specific immune level to increase resistance to diseases in aquaculture. Zataria multiflora, a plant of the Lamiaceae family, is an example of such medicinal plants containing mainly thymol and carvacrol, with well-known antimicrobial and anti-fungal properties. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different doses of thyme powder (Zataria multflora) on growth performance and serumic parameters of young common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Therefore, two hundred and forty fish, with initial weight of 20/27±5.13 g, were distributed among the treatments. Food was made with adding the powdered thyme in 4 formulations with 0 (control or Group 1), 50 (Group II), 100 (Group III) and eventually 150 ppm (Group IV) with a size of 4.3 mm. It was fed to the fish 3 to 4 times a day at a rate of 3-4% of their body weight, for 8 weeks. Specific growth rate and serumic parameters including total protein, albumin and globulin were measured and one-way ANOVA was used to compare the differences in the values of the variables studied in different treatments. Results showed that the average weight in group 3 (57/11±4/37) was significantly (p
T-cell clone associated with efalizumab therapy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Journal Article T‐cell clone associated with efalizumab therapy Get access M. Lynch, M. Lynch Departments of Dermatology Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar K. Murphy, K. Murphy Haematology, St Vincent’s University Hospital, Dublin 4, Ireland E‐mail: lynchmaeve@yahoo.ie Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. Slaby, J. Slaby Haematology, St Vincent’s University Hospital, Dublin 4, Ireland E‐mail: lynchmaeve@yahoo.ie Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar B. Kirby B. Kirby Departments of Dermatology Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Clinical and Experimental Dermatology, Volume 36, Issue 1, 1 January 2011, Pages 99–100, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2230.2010.03881.x Published: 01 January 2011
Decentralization as a conflict transformation tool: The challenge in Kosovo

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Perspectives are divided on whether decentralization can ease ethnic conflict. This article considers whether asymmetric decentralization reforms in Kosovo have reduced tensions between Kosovo Albanians (K‐Albanians) and Serbs (K‐Serbs). We argue that because decentralization has been linked to Kosovo's sovereignty in the years after the NATO bombings, during the final status talks, and after independence, it has not achieved intended outcomes throughout the territory of Kosovo. Instead of assuaging tensions and generating allegiance to the central government, decentralization has re‐inforced ethnic divisions and strengthened K‐Serb ties to Serbia, particularly in northern Kosovo. Concessions to majority Serb municipalities in Kosovo have been seen by K‐Serbs as a bribe to buy acceptance of independence, while K‐Albanians question their leaders' continued policy of asymmetric decentralization. Since independence, there have been some encouraging developments in southern municipalities, where K‐Serbs have participated in municipal elections organized by Pristina. Based on Kosovo's experience, we argue that policy‐makers must consider the impact of decentralization reforms at multiple levels of conflict. Further, although we find that decentralization may engage minorities in political processes if reforms are attempted after the establishment of a central government, we caution that it must be combined with policies to encourage interaction and dialogue between ethnic groups if it is to assuage conflict. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Variability of yields in cereal variety × fungicide trials

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

SUMMARY Yield variability of spring barley and winter wheat varieties is investigated in National Institute of Agricultural Botany trials sown to assess the influence on varieties of fungicide treatment. The extent of the variation in relative variety performance due to years and centres is estimated for untreated and treated yields and for yield response to fungicide. The consequences for the design of future trials systems are considered.
Afterword: Media Sport — Coming to a Screen near and on You

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The complex, often unpredictable and shifting media sport landscape demands a reinvigorated concern with consumption and innovation. But it also must embrace production, adaptation, resistance, reproduction, and the exercise of power – as well as pleasure, identity and strategic citizen mobilisation. This theme section exemplifies these tensions between change and continuity, and the purpose of this article is to provide further observation on the themes and issues that have emerged through the various articles in the issue.
Influence of In-N Clusters on Band Gap Energy of Dilute Nitride In x Ga 1− x N y As 1− y

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The In-N clusters form in the dilute nitride InxGa1−xNyAs1−y alloys after annealing. It is found that the formation of the In-N clusters not only raises the N levels lying above the conduction band minimum (CBM) of InGaAs, but also raises the N levels below the CBM of InGaAs, leading to the variation of the impurity-host interaction. The blueshift of the band gap energy is relative to the variation of the impurity-host interaction. In order to describe the blueshift of the band gap energy due to the formation of the In-N clusters, a model is developed. It is found that the model can describe the blueshift of the band gap energy well. In addition, it is found the blueshift of the band gap energy due to the atom interdiffusion at the interface can be larger than that due to the formation of the In-N clusters.
Survival of pathogens of Brussels sprouts ( Brassica oleracea Gemmifera Group) in crop residues

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Mycosphaerella brassicicola ( ringspot), Alternaria brassicicola and A. brassicae (dark leaf spot) and Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (black spot) can infect leaves of Brussels sprouts resulting in yield losses. Infections of outer leaves of sprouts cause severe losses in quality. Crop residues can be a major primary inoculum source of the pathogens. Their population dynamics were followed in residues of leaves and stalks of crops of Brussels sprouts during 24 months using real‐time PCR assays. Leaf residues on the soil surface or buried in soil decomposed within 4 months. However, residues of stalks were present in the field after 24 months. In such residues, M. brassicicola populations increased during the first 2 months, but decreased thereafter and the pathogen was found only occasionally in the second year. Alternaria brassicicola multiplied on stalks exposed on the surface of field soil and was present on such residues after 24 months. Survival was less on residues buried in soil. Alternaria brassicae population increased in stalks exposed on the soil surface during the first months but decreased thereafter under the detection limit. Xanthomonas campestris cv. campestris populations fluctuated in time but 1 × 10 4 cells mg −1 stalk residue were still found after 24 months. Additionally, the four pathogens were present in residues of 11 commercial rapeseed crops that were analysed. The observed variation in population sizes of the pathogens between individual pieces of crop residues indicates a stochastic spread of pathogens. Unravelling the underlying processes will support the development of novel methods for sustainable disease prevention.
Variation in Translation of Ossetian Sacral Onyms by Means of the Russian and English Languages

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

One of the most important tasks facing the translator is adequacy of the translation. The relevance and topicality of the present study is due to the need of: 1) developing a unified approach to the choice of translation strategies and methods of transferring ethnospecifically coloured sacral onyms by means of the Russian and English languages; 2) describing and analyzing the methods of interptetation of Ossetian precedent sacral onyms. The subject of the research is presented by the semantic, structural and functional characteristics of sacral onyms, as well as extra-linguistic factors of interlingual communication that influence the choice of translation correspondences by means of the target languages. The sources of the illustrative material of the study are presented by text fragments taken from Internet resources and reflecting the representativeness of the analyzed precedent onyms in social communication. The methodological basis of the research is the synchronous principle of linguistic description, which contributes to identifying the peculiarities of the formation of translation correspondences in the context of modern ideas about the strategies of translation of the onymic segment of vocabulary. The complex nature of the research has led to the use of a diverse set of research methods (the method of description, classification and systematization of linguistic material according to certain criteria for processing research materials; comparative analysis of the correspondent texts in different languages; component analysis).The results of the research consist in the systematization of the methods of finding translation correspondences, in order to determine the algorithm for solving the problems facing the translator.
Malachite Green Test for Presence of Sulfite in Meat

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Journal Article Malachite Green Test for Presence of Sulfite in Meat Get access Emanuel Kaplan Emanuel Kaplan Bureau of Laboratories, Baltimore City Health Department, Baltimore 2, Md Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Association of Official Agricultural Chemists, Volume 44, Issue 3, 1 August 1961, Pages 485–486, https://doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/44.3.485 Published: 01 February 2020