jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the effects of naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM) on rat's brain cerebral cortex

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract The technologically advanced activities of the gas and oil sectors produce a considerable amount of naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM) as industrial by-products or waste products. The goal of the current study is to estimate the danger of long-term liability to Technologically Enhanced Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials (TE-NORM) on the cerebral cortex of rats’ brains. A high purity germanium ɣ-ray spectrometer was used to assess the radioactivity of samples. 20 Adult male Albino rats were used in the current experiment. The animals were divided into two groups: a control group and an irradiated group. Each rat in the irradiated group received a total dose of 0.016 Gy of TE-NORM as a chronic radiation exposure over a whole two months. Rats were then sacrificed. Some hematological and neurotransmitter parameters, as well as oxidative stress and β-amyloid, were evaluated. The disturbance was found in all parameters due to chronic ionizing radiation exposure. The results showed that two months of whole-body exposure to chronic ionizing radiation with a total dose of 0.016 Gy of TE-NORM induced significant changes in hematological, neurotransmitter, and oxidative stress parameters and increased the β-amyloid concentration in the cerebral cortex of rats' brains. The findings of the present study showed that chronic radiation liability has some harmful effects.
Hirayama disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Object Controversy exists over the choice of surgical candidates and prognosis of Hirayama disease. The purpose of this study was to examine the outcomes of patients with cervical flexion myelopathy who received surgical treatment. Methods A retrospective study was conducted. From May 2002 through December 2006, 6 young patients with cervical flexion myelopathy were seen in the Department of Neurosurgery at Chang Gung Memorial Hospital. The neurological and radiological findings in all 6 patients met the criteria for Hirayama disease. All patients had evidence of a tight dural canal or forward migration of the posterior wall of the dural canal in dynamic MR imaging studies. Five patients were treated with surgical decompressive procedures (4 anterior and 1 posterior) and 1 patient received conservative treatment. Duration of follow-up ranged from 13 months to 4 years. Results Motor function improved in 3 of 5 surgically treated patients and sensory function improved in 2. Neurological symptoms were unchanged in the conservatively treated patient. During follow-up MR imaging in the surgical group, anterior effacement during neck flexion was noted in 1 patient treated with a posterior approach. Conclusions Hirayama disease is so rare that it is easily misdiagnosed. Diagnosis is achieved via clinical presentation, neurophysiological examination, and neuroradiological imaging studies (dynamic MR imaging). The anterior decompressive approach may be better for patients showing anterior effacement and severe cervical kyphosis during neck flexion in MR imaging.
The Genetics ofPTPN1and Obesity: Insights from Mouse Models of Tissue-Specific PTP1B Deficiency

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The protein tyrosine phosphatase PTP1B is a negative regulator of both insulin and leptin signaling and is involved in the control of glucose homeostasis and energy expenditure. Due to its prominent role in regulating metabolism, PTP1B is a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of human obesity and type 2 diabetes. The PTP1B protein is encoded by the PTPN1 gene on human chromosome 20q13, a region that shows linkage with insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and obesity in human populations. In this paper, we summarize the genetics of the PTPN1 locus and associations with metabolic disease. In addition, we discuss the tissue-specific functions of PTP1B as gleaned from genetic mouse models.
Antifungal, Antiviral, and HPLC Analysis of Phenolic and Flavonoid Compounds of Amphiroa anceps Extract

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The increasing use of chemical control agents and pesticides to prevent plant disease has resulted in several human and environmental health problems. Seaweeds, e.g., Amphiroa anceps extracts, have significant antimicrobial activities against different human pathogens. However, their anti-phytopathogenic activities are still being investigated. In the present investigation, three fungal isolates were isolated from root rot and grey mold symptomatic strawberry plants and were molecularly identified by ITS primers to Fusarium culmorum, Rhizoctonia solani, and Botrytis cinerea with accession numbers MN398396, MN398398, and MN398400, respectively. In addition, the organic extract of the red alga Amphiroa anceps was assessed for its antifungal activity against the three identified fungal isolates and tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) infection. At 100 µg/mL, the A. anceps extract had the best biological activity against R. solani, B. cinerea, and TMV infection, with inhibition rates of 66.67%, 40.61%, and 81.5%, respectively. Contrarily, the A. anceps extract exhibited lower activity against F. culmorum, causing inhibition in the fungal mycelia by only 4.4% at the same concentration. The extract’s HPLC analysis revealed the presence of numerous phenolic compounds, including ellagic acid and gallic acid, which had the highest concentrations of 19.05 and 18.36 µg/mL, respectively. In this line, the phytochemical analysis also showed the presence of flavonoids, with the highest concentration recorded for catechin at 12.45 µg/mL. The obtained results revealed for the first time the effect of the A. anceps extract against the plant fungal and viral pathogens, making the seaweed extract a promising source for natural antimicrobial agents.
PARROT Ireland: Placental growth factor in Assessment of women with suspected pre-eclampsia to reduce maternal morbidity: a Stepped Wedge Cluster Randomised Control Trial Research Study Protocol

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction Women presenting with suspected pre-eclampsia are currently triaged on the basis of hypertension and dipstick proteinuria. This may result in significant false positive and negative diagnoses resulting in increased morbidity or unnecessary intervention. Recent data suggest that placental growth factor testing may be a useful adjunct in the management of women presenting with preterm pre-eclampsia. The primary objective of this trial is to determine if the addition of placental growth factor testing to the current clinical assessment of women with suspected preterm pre-eclampsia, is beneficial for both mothers and babies. Methods and analysis This is a multicentre, stepped wedge cluster, randomised trial aiming to recruit 4000 women presenting with symptoms suggestive of preterm pre-eclampsia between 20 and 36+6 weeks’ gestation. The intervention of an unblinded point of care test, performed at enrolment, will quantify maternal levels of circulating plasma placental growth factor. The intervention will be rolled out sequentially, based on randomisation, in the seven largest maternity units on the island of Ireland. Primary outcome is a composite outcome of maternal morbidity (derived from the modified fullPIERS model). To ensure we are not reducing maternal morbidity at the expense of earlier delivery and worse neonatal outcomes, we have established a co-primary outcome which will examine the effect of the intervention on neonatal morbidity, assessed using a composite neonatal score. Secondary analyses will examine further clinical outcomes (such as mode of delivery, antenatal detection of growth restriction and use of antihypertensive agents) as well as a health economic analysis, of incorporation of placental growth factor testing into routine care. Ethics and dissemination Ethical approval has been granted from each of the seven maternity hospitals involved in the trial. The results of the trial will be presented both nationally and internationally at conference and published in an international peer-reviewed journal. Trial registration number NCT02881073 .
Outlook of the game acceptance and application in the animation, Wreck-It Ralph - Focusing on Intermediality relation -

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

애니메이션 <주먹왕 랄프>는 게임이 상이한 매체인 애니메이션과 혼합되어 새로운 장르의 애니메이션으로 변모된 작품이다. 그래서 본고에서는 게임<다고쳐 팰릭스>가 어떻게 애니메이션으로 녹아들어 상호작용을 하고 있는가를 살펴보았다. 살펴본 결과 애니메이션 <주먹왕 랄프>는 <다고쳐 팰릭스>에 담고 있는 이미지와 서사구조를 인용하지 않고, 게임의 특정모티프만을 인용함으로써 상호매체적 관계맺기단계에서 '상호매체적 개별체참조'에 해당됨을 알 수 있었다. <주먹왕 랄프>는 게임에서 모티프만을 인용하여 애니메이션과 상호매체성 관계를 갖는 최초의 애니메이션이며, 분석할만한 의미를 가지고 있었기 때문에 본고에서는 상호매체성 관계를 라예브스키의 분석틀에 의해 분석하였다. Wreck-it Ralph is the new genre of animation combining with totally different media, games. Hence, how the game, Fix it Felix, Jr. was digested in the animation to interact each other was reviewed in this article. Upon the review, Wreck-it Ralph did not refer to the images and narration structure of Fix it Felix, Jr. but to the specific motives of the game, which is referring to Intermedial individuals in making Intermedial relations. Wreck-it Ralph is the first animation to refer to the motives of the game and have the Intermedial relation with animation. In addition, it has the meanings enough to be analyzed, so we reviewed its Intermedial relation with Rajewsky's analysis frame in this article.
The Effects of Synbiotic Supplementation on Body Mass Index, Metabolic and Inflammatory Biomarkers, and Appetite in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome: A Triple-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

It has been shown recently that metabolic syndrome is associated with gut dysbiosis. The gut microbiota may be the main target for prevention or treatment of metabolic syndrome. We investigated the effects of synbiotic supplementation on metabolic syndrome. In this triple-blinded clinical trial, 46 Iranian patients with metabolic syndrome, from both sexes, aged 25-70 years, who fulfilled inclusion criteria were randomly categorized to receive either the synbiotic or a placebo capsule, twice a day for three months, plus a weight-loss diet using stratified random sampling based on body mass index (BMI). Each synbiotic capsule consisted of seven strains probiotic bacteria (2× 108) plus fructooligosaccharide as a prebiotic. Anthropometric measurements and biochemical tests were assessed at baseline and at the end of week 12 for fasting blood sugar (FBS), insulin, lipid profile, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), peptide YY (PYY), and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). The mean changes of weight, BMI, FBS, insulin, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and GLP-1 between the two groups was statistically significant (p < .001). Furthermore, peptide YY (PYY) increased significantly in the synbiotic group (p ≤ .05). The trend of weight loss in the synbiotic group was significant until the end of the study (p < .001) while it stopped at week 6 in the placebo group. Synbiotic treatment may improve the status of BMI, FBS, insulin resistance, HOMA-IR, GLP-1, and PYY in patients with metabolic syndrome.
High-sensitivity troponin T and risk of stroke in persons with suspected acute coronary syndrome

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Serial high-sensitivity troponin (hsTn) concentrations are associated with the risk of recurrent ischemic events and death from any cause. Higher hsTn levels may suggest greater infarct size and possibly, a more pronounced risk of non-coronary atherosclerotic events. Purpose To examine the association between single and serial hsTnT levels and the risk of incident stroke in individuals presenting with suspected acute coronary syndrome. Methods In this Danish nationwide registry-based study, we identified individuals without a history of stroke who presented for myocardial infarction, unstable angina, suspected myocardial infarction, or chest pain from 2013 through 2019, and who underwent serial hsTnT (Roche Diagnostics, Rotkreuz, Switzerland; 99th percentile upper reference limit: 13.5 ng/l) measurements 1-7 hours apart. Subjects were stratified according to their hsTnT level pattern from first to second measurement (main groups: normal, rising, persistently elevated, or falling) and the magnitude of hsTnT level change (secondary groups: &lt;20%, &gt;20 to 50%, or &gt;50% in either direction). Additionally, they were grouped into quartiles based on the initial hsTnT measurement (&lt;=9 ng/l, 10-16 ng/l, 17-68 ng/l, &gt;=69 ng/l). The standardized risk of stroke was computed using multivariable logistic regression with average treatment effect modeling. Results The final study sample consisted of 26867 persons, of whom 10407 (38.7%) were diagnosed with myocardial infarction, 1404 (5.2%) with unstable angina, and 15056 (56.0%) with suspected myocardial infarction or chest pain. Median age was 64.3 years, and 40.1% were women. The prevalences of known cardiovascular disease were as follows: coronary artery disease, 20.2%; prior coronary revascularization, 8.4%; heart failure, 6.4%; and atrial fibrillation, 8.9%. At 30 days, 69 individuals had been diagnosed with a stroke, and an additional 185 individuals were diagnosed from days 31 through 365. The standardized risk of stroke at 30 days was &lt;=0.31% in all main groups and did not meaningfully differ from each other. The risk remained low between days 31-365 (&lt;=0,79%), with no significant between-group difference. The magnitude of hsTnT change within each group did not affect stroke risk, nor did hsTnT quartile based on the first measurement. Conclusions Persons with suspected acute coronary syndrome had a very low overall risk of incident stroke. Single or serial hsTnT levels at presentation did not seem helpful in identifying individuals at an increased risk of stroke.
Operation Iraqi Freedom: Mediated Public Sphere as a Public Relations Tool

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The ideal of a free press informs theoretical and pragmatic constructions of media, civil society, and the public sphere in U.S. development efforts. The role of the free press in fostering civil society is held as an ideal for judging the rest of the world and for the justification of U.S. interventions elsewhere in the world sponsored by organizations such as United States Agency for International Development. Using a grounded theory analysis of the coverage of Operation Iraqi Freedom, this article demonstrates the frames that were presented in U.S. war coverage as justifications of the war. The grounded theory analysis is followed up by a content analysis to document the frequencies of occurrence of the frames. The frames suggest that media organizations worked more as the public relations agents of the U.S. government and actively engaged in demonization of the enemy to justify U.S. foreign policy during the early days of the war. Drawing on a postcolonial perspective, this article argues that the lapses in rationality reflected in the frames of war coverage pose critical questions for further interrogation about the nature of the media in Western civil societies.
Secrecy and silence: why women hide contraceptive use.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

A recent Population Council survey of 1860 married women and 1056 of their husbands in urban Zambia found that many women who use contraception do so without their husbands' knowledge and that those women who hid their practice of contraception from their husbands did so because they found it very difficult to bring up the subject of family planning with them. These findings indicate that low levels of contraceptive use are not the result of a simple communication matter. Sex and sexuality are often the exclusive domain of African husbands. As such, if a wife initiates a discussion of family planning, she may threaten her husband's sense of control and create discord within the family. The culture of silence about sex and sexuality is very strong in Africa. 57% of women stated that were they to propose contraceptive use with their husbands and the husband opposed such practice, they would nonetheless use them without his knowledge. 7% of the women stated that if their husbands disapproved of contraceptive use, they would nonetheless openly use a method against his wishes. The majority of women correctly perceived their husbands' views on family planning use and fertility preferences. In focus groups, both men and women said that they did not believe that women have the right to independently act upon their reproductive preferences. A husband's inadequate financial support of his children could, however, justify clandestine contraceptive use. These findings point to the need to include easily hidden methods in the mix of contraceptives family planning programs offer. Moreover, service providers should not automatically encourage husbands' involvement. A client's right to privacy should always be respected.
Detection of Cotton Leaf Curl Virus by Real-time Fluorescent PCR Combining with Magnetic Nanoparticles

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

For developing a rapid and sensitive detection technique to detect cotton leaf curl virus(CLCuV) in order to prevent its introduction and spread,we have developed a Real-time TaqMan PCR combining with magnetic nanoparticles(MNPs) method.By using TaqMan probe combining with MNPs technique and coat protein gene as the target gene,the MNP fluorescent PCR detection method was established after specificity and sensitivity experiments.The sensitivity of the method was 525 fg.μL-1of DNA,which was same that of the conventional PCR gel electrophoresis method.The good specificity of this method was evaluated by applying the proposed method to detect five viruses,CLCuV,African cassava mosaic virus(ACMV),Tobacco streak virus(TSV),Cucumber mosaic virus(CMV) and Tomato spotted wilt virus(TSWV).The MNP fluorescent PCR method was rapid and accurate for CLCuV detection of field leaf samples and could reduce the risk of cross-contamination without any PCR post-processing,which is a feasible technique to routine testing assays.
Cell Wall Cross-Linking in Grasses by Ferulates and Diferulates

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Ferulate polysaccharide esters in grasses enter into free-radical coupling reactions in the cell wall. By radical dimerization of ferulates, polysaccharide-polysaccharide cross-linking is effected. A range of diferulate isomers are produced, only one of which had been quantitated in the past. Diferulates have been underestimated by factors of up to 20, belittling their contribution to functions in the cell wall. Both ferulates and diferulates participate in lignification reactions and become intimately bound with lignin. Under-quantitation is significant since it is not possible to release ferulate or diferulates from some of the structures generated. Overall ferulates play a significant role in cell wall development and impact upon polysaccharide utilization in grasses.
Entwurfskonzept einer Car2Car-Multiband-Dachantenne

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract. Due to the vastly increasing use of wireless services in the car, such as WiFi, Car2Car and LTE, the requirements on bandwidth and radiation pattern of the roof antenna systems become more challenging. In this work, a design concept for multi-band roof antenna systems is presented. We aim to get a higher bandwidth and an almost circular radiation pattern on the horizontal plane. Moreover, the antenna length is considered in order to fulfill the requirements set by construction ECE-regulations (ECE, 2010). The applicability of the design concept is not limited to multi-band roof antennas, it can also be used for a general wideband antenna design. For illustration of this concept, a multi-band roof antenna with a bandwidth of 780 MHz to 5.9 GHz and a near circular radiation pattern with an average gain of G = 3 dBi (at 5.9 GHz) on the horizontal plane is designed. The simulation and measurement results are presented.
Dynamic capabilities and financial behavior to accelerate MSME performance recovery and its impacts on business sustainability

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Abstract The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of dynamic capabilities and financial behavior on the speed of performance recovery for micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs), as well as the impact of dynamic capabilities, financial behavior, and speed of MSME performance recovery on business sustainability. The data were collected from a total of 450 food and beverage MSMEs in Central Java, Indonesia, through field surveys. Then, the data were analyzed using partial least squares-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). The results revealed the importance of dynamic capabilities and financial behavior to accelerate MSME performance recovery after the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, this study found that the dynamic capabilities, financial behavior, and speed of performance recovery are determinants of business sustainability. These findings highlight the importance of MSME actors in continuing to monitor the dynamics of their environment and respond to them with products and services that meet the demands in order to achieve long-term sustainability of MSME performance.
MRI for Rectal Cancer: Updates and Controversies—AJR Expert Panel Narrative Review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Rectal MRI is a critical tool in the care of patients with rectal cancer, having established roles for primary staging, restaging, and surveillance. The comprehensive diagnostic and prognostic information provided by MRI helps to optimize treatment decision-making. However, challenges persist in the standardization and interpretation of rectal MRI, particularly in the context of rapidly evolving treatment paradigms, including growing acceptance of nonoperative management. In this AJR Expert Panel Narrative Review, we address recent advances and key areas of contention related to the use of MRI for rectal cancer. Our objectives include discussing concepts regarding anatomic localization of rectal tumors; exploring the evolving rectal cancer treatment paradigm and implications for MRI assessment; reviewing updates and controversies regarding rectal MRI for locoregional staging, restaging, and surveillance; reviewing current rectal MRI acquisition protocols; and highlighting challenges in homogenizing and optimizing acquisition parameters.