jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Worship Culture of Chinese Characters in the Story of Fortune-telling by Analysing the Component Parts of Chinese Characters in the Upper Class of the Northern and Southern Dynasties and Tang Dynasty — Take the Dream Department of Tai Ping Guang Ji as an Example

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

測字故事就是以測字及驗證爲主要故事結構的故事, 中國人對於文字的崇拜由來已久, 特別是與文字有不解之緣的文人階層。他們相信夢境中出現的漢字能勾表達出神的意志, 因此具備某種神祕的力量。『太平廣記』「夢部」的測字故事反映出南北朝及唐朝時期中國文人階層對於漢字的崇拜心理。從測字的方式可以看出人們對於漢字的崇拜涉及到字形、字音、字義、與文字相關的物象等四個方面。在各種預兆中, 凶兆大部分時預示人的死亡；吉兆大部分都與及第、獲得官職、升官(包括掌權)相關。這與夢者的身分有很大的關系, 因爲夢者大部分爲文人士子與王室宗親, 可見文字崇拜得到了上流階層的認可, 而且人們將漢字與自己人生的大事, 包括生死與人生理想聯系到了一起。另外, 不僅夢者, 連測字之人中文人士子所占的比重也是是最多的, 對漢字的聯想分析與理解闡釋也是文人學識的一種表現。文人群體對漢字的崇拜現象, 主要有三個表現, 一是人們相信漢字具有預知未來的力量；二是統治階級一方面相信漢字能勾對政治統治産生輔助作用, 另一方面又對漢字與輿論的關系十分看重幷加以利用。三是人們將漢字崇拜與民間巫術結合起來, 相信不僅是漢字, 與漢字相關的物象, 包括筆、書籍、符咒等也都具有神祕的力量。
Conclusions and Ways Forward

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Despite gradual improvements in the frequency of work-related injuries and fatalities over the course of the last century, in the UK there are still over 20,000 deaths every year that are attributable annually to injuries or ill health related to work; 25,000 people leave employment as a result of work-related injury or illness; and more than 2 million suffer from ill health that in their view was caused or made worse by work. Work-related ill health results in the loss of over 30 million working days each year and many more workers experience limitations on their daily activities that stem from work-related illnesses.1 The failure of employers to properly discharge the legal duties to prevent harm to their workers, which is suggested by such statistics, provides strong ethical and pragmatic reasons why people at work should have rights to adequate representation of their health and safety interests.
Linked collectors and determiners for: Swedish Malaise Trap Project (SMTP) - Dryinidae, Embolemidae.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "Swedish Malaise Trap Project (SMTP) - Dryinidae, Embolemidae". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, https://bionomia.net/dataset/0294ccfd-ff43-4bbd-a8de-e1bf9a91e79a using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, https://gbif.org/dataset/0294ccfd-ff43-4bbd-a8de-e1bf9a91e79a. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.
Yoga Program for Type 2 Diabetes Prevention (YOGA-DP) Among High-Risk People: Qualitative Study to Explore Reasons for Non-participation in a Feasibility Randomized Controlled Trial in India

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: Yoga-based interventions can be effective in preventing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We developed a Yoga program for T2DM prevention (YOGA-DP) among high-risk people and conducted a feasibility randomized controlled trial (RCT) in India. The objective of this study was to identify and explore why potential participants declined to participate in the feasibility RCT. Methods: An exploratory qualitative study, using semi-structured interviews, was conducted at a Yoga center in New Delhi, India. Fourteen people (10 women and four men) who declined to participate in the feasibility RCT were interviewed, and 13 of them completed the non-participant questionnaire, which captured their socio-demographics, diets, physical activities, and reasons for declining. Results: Three types of barriers were identified and explored which prevented participation in the feasibility RCT: (1) personal barriers, such as lack of time, perceived sufficiency of knowledge, preferences about self-management of health, and trust in other traditional and alternative therapies; (2) contextual barriers, such as social influences and lack of awareness about preventive care; and (3) study-related barriers, such as lack of study information, poor accessibility to the Yoga site, and lack of trust in the study methods and intervention. Conclusions: We identified and explored personal, contextual, and study-related barriers to participation in a feasibility RCT in India. The findings will help to address recruitment challenges in future Yoga and other RCTs. Clinical Trial Registration: www.ClinicalTrials.gov , identifier: CTRI/2019/05/018893.
Growth Inhibition and Recovery in Roots Following Temporary Treatment with Auxin

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Continuous recording (streak photography) of elongation of roots treated with IAA (10 –6 –10 –7 M ) showed that removal of IAA from the nutrient solution resulted in a rapid resumption of elongation, unless the IAA treatment was shorter than 60 min. If it was shorter, the recovery was delayed, so that it occurred about 1 hour after the beginning of the treatment, independently of the duration of the treatment, down to 4 min. This behavior of roots was observed in all the species investigated (corn, pea, sunflower, onion), also in response to NAA and 2,4‐D. This time lag in recovery of elongation after brief auxin treatment is discussed in connection with the radial concentration gradient of auxin in the root imposed by external auxin. The possible role of a radial gradient of auxin (concentration decreasing with distance from the center) in the control of root elongation is suggested.
PMO-230 Clinical risk factors for Crohn's disease postoperative recurrence are reflected in alterations in mucosally adherent microbiota at surgical resection

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction Clinical risk factors for Crohn's disease (CD) recurrence after ileo-caecal resection (ICR) include smoking status, perforating disease and >1 surgical resection. The underlying mechanisms contributing to clinical risk are unknown. We aimed to study the relationship between risk factors and gut microbiota. Methods Samples of macroscopically inflamed and non-inflamed small bowel from patients undergoing surgical resection for CD were analysed. Samples were snap frozen in liquid nitrogen. Cryosections were cut and the frozen sections were hybridised with oligonucleotide probes targeting the microbial 16S rRNA of total bacteria, Escherichia coli , Bacteroides-Prevotella, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii , Clostrium coccoides - Eubacterium rectale and bifidobacteria. The hybridised mucosa associated microbiota (MAM) were identified and quantified. Patients with ≥1 risk factor were classified as high risk for disease recurrence. Results Fifteen patients underwent ICR (10 female); 9 were high risk (6 smokers, 4 fistulating disease and 2 recurrent resection- 3 patients had multiple risk factors). Faecalibacterium prausnitzii numbers in inflamed operative samples were lower in smokers compared with non-smokers (p=0.036). High-risk patients had lower numbers of bifidobacteria in both inflamed (p=0.006) and non-inflamed (p=0.01) operative samples compared with low risk patients. Conclusion The risk of post-operative CD recurrence may be predetermined at a pre-operative stage due to dysbiosis. The role of MAM as a tool to stratify risk requires further study. Drugs that modulate MAM may, in future, play a role in reducing post-operative recurrence. Competing interests None declared.
Hydrological modelling of an agricultural watershed in India using the soil and water assessment tool

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Water availability is influencing crop yields in the Padmalaya watershed in Central Maharashtra, India, which are currently below potentially attainable yields. A number of rainwater harvesting structures such as in-stream check dams have been put in place, with the aim of improving water availability for agricultural production. The SWAT model was manually calibrated for hydrology using measured streamflow data from January to July 2010. Simulations were carried out for the period from 1977-2007 under various biophysical management conditions, with climatic data collected from the Jalgaon meteorological station. Future scenarios encompassing rainwater harvesting, climate change, land use change, and water conservation practices were evaluated. The simulation outputs were used to assess the impacts of the different factors on hydrological processes and crop yields for a 30-year period. Results show that in-stream structures significantly increase groundwater recharge. In addition, increased precipitation associated with climate change is likely to contribute to increased agricultural yields and crop water productivity. While the specific results from the simulations are limited to the Padmalaya watershed, the lessons learnt in terms of applicability of rainwater harvesting strategies in the context of climate change can be extended to similar agro-ecoregions of India.
Direct conversion of glucose to 5-hydroxymethyl-furfural (HMF) using an efficient and inexpensive Boehmite catalyst in dimethyl sulfoxide

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

With the aim of developing an efficient and inexpensive catalyst for the production of HMF from glucose, a solid Lewis acid catalyst γ-AlOOH, a common industrial catalyst with easy preparation and low price, was used as the sole catalyst to directly synthesize 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) from glucose in dimethyl sulfoxide. Various reaction parameters, such as catalyst loading, temperature, reaction duration, and solvent, were investigated. An impressive HMF yield of 61.2% was obtained at the reaction conditions of 130 °C for 3 h. Furthermore, HMF yields from other carbohydrates such as fructose (44.8%), cellulose (50.3%), maltose (53.6%) and sucrose (62.2%) could be achieved using γ-AlOOH as a catalyst. More importantly, the catalyst γ-AlOOH could be reused several times without the loss of its catalytic activities. After five reaction runs, an HMF yield of 57.2% was obtained.
Correlated evolution of categorical characters under a simple model

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Abstract I describe a simple model for quantifying the strength of association between two categorical characters evolving on a phylogenetic tree. The model can be used to estimate a correlation statistic that asks whether or not the two characters tend to change at the same time (positive correlation) or at different times (no correlation). This is different than asking if changes in one character are associated with a particular state in another character, which has been the focus of most prior tests for phylogenetic correlation in categorical characters. Analyses of simulated data indicate that positive correlations can be accurately estimated over a range of different tree sizes and phylogenetic signals.
On Perception of Culture Codes in German Translations (Based on Works by M. Bulgakov)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The article studies culture codes transformation in the German translations of the works by the Russian classic M. Bulgakov. To study the specifics of interpreting Russian culturemes, the semiotic method is employed, which allows identifying various connotations that convey information about the source language culture. Interpretation of the source and the target passages implicating the culture codes of "Meal", "Clothes" and "Interpersonal Relations" suggests that their semiotics is mostly equivalent yet not identical. This may be due to culture asymmetry as well as to the translators' capacity to perceive the semantics and the pragmatics of the source text.
Why Pursue a Residency?

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Journal Article Why Pursue a Residency? Get access David Vogel, M.S., David Vogel, M.S. Director of Pharmacy Pharmacy Department Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital 1 Robert Wood Johnson Place New Brunswick, NJ 08901 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Anne Blake Anne Blake Pharmacy Resident Pharmacy Department Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital 1 Robert Wood Johnson Place New Brunswick, NJ 08901 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar American Journal of Hospital Pharmacy, Volume 48, Issue 9, 1 September 1991, Page 1878, https://doi.org/10.1093/ajhp/48.9.1878 Published: 01 September 1991
Everyday Examples in Linear Algebra: Individual and Collective Creativity

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This paper investigates creativity in students' constructions of everyday examples about basis in Linear Algebra. We analyze semi-structured interview data with 18 students from the United States and Germany with diverse academic and social backgrounds. Our analysis of creativity in students' everyday examples is organized into two parts. First, we analyze the range of students' creative products by investigating the mathematical variability in the more commonly mentioned examples. Second, we unpack some of the collective processes in the construction of students' examples. We examine how creativity was distributed through the interactions among the student, the interviewers, and other artifacts and ideas. Thus, in addition to contributing to the process vs. product discussion of creativity, our work also adds to the few existing studies that focus on collective mathematical creativity. The paper closes with connections to anti-deficit perspectives in mathematics education and some recommendations for individual and collective creativity in the classroom.
Can rosacea be treated with ivermektin?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

V poslednĂ­ dobÄ se v ÄeskĂŠ republice hodnÄ hovoĹĂ­ o kontroverznĂ­ lĂŠÄbÄ covidu-19 ivermektinem. Ivermektin je ĹĄirokospektrĂĄlnĂ­ antiparazitikum. V dermatologii mĂĄme jiĹž ĹĄestiletou zkuĹĄenost s lokĂĄlnĂ­ lĂŠÄbou rĹŻĹžovky humĂĄnnĂ­m registrovanĂ˝m ivermektinem ve formÄ krĂŠmu s pozitivnĂ­ odezvou naĹĄich nemocnĂ˝ch.
Peter of Cluny on the “Diabolical Heresy of the Saracens”

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This chapter discusses the goal of Peter of Cluny in commissioning these translations and in writing two texts about the “law of Muhammad”. It reveals that Peter's goal was not the dispassionate study of a rival religion, but the refutation of what he qualifies as the “diabolical heresy of the Saracens”. It also hopes to show potential doubters among Peter's Latin readers that Christianity is indeed the superior religion, despite the higher level of learning and wealth of the Muslim world.
Trains of electron micro-bunches in plasma wake-field acceleration

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Plasma-based charged particle accelerators have been intensively investigated in the past three decades due to their capability to open up new horizons in accelerator science and particle physics yielding electric field accelerating gradient more than three orders of magnitudes higher than in conventional devices. At the current stage the most advanced and reliable mechanism for accelerating electrons is based on the propagation of an intense laser pulse or a relativistic electron beam in a low density gaseous target. In this paper we concentrate on the electron beam-driven plasma wake-field acceleration and demonstrate using 3D PiC simulations that a train of electron micro-bunches with ∼10 fs period can be generated behind the driving beam propagating in a density down-ramp. We will discuss the conditions and properties of the micro-bunches generated aiming at understanding and study of multi-bunch mechanism of injection. It is show that the periodicity and duration of micro-bunches can be controlled by adjusting the plasma density gradient and driving beam charge.
[Perineurioma].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Perineurioma (storiform perineurial fibroma) is a rarely diagnosed benign tumour of perineurial cells. Presented tumour occurred subcutaneously in the right thigh of a 53-year-old man. It was well limited and consisted of whirl like and concentric laminar bundles of spindle and oval cells in variable local density. A storiform pattern was not present. Cells with richer cytoplasm, bland nuclei and solitary intranuclear pseudoinclusions formed focal meningioma like structures. Differential diagnosis had to distinguish benign neuronal tumours, myxoid variant of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans and especially a "low grade" fibromyxoid sarcoma. A relevant immunohistochemical marker of perineurioma (for differential diagnosis) was the expression of epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) with negativity of S-100 protein.
The relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and business performance of youth entrepreneurs in Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Youth unemployment is one of the key global challenges facing the world today. Statistically, the global youth unemployment rate is 13.1%. Youth entrepreneurship is viewed as a possible solution to youth unemployment. Interestingly, the world has adopted entrepreneurship as a strategic approach to facilitate economic participation among the youth. Youth entrepreneurship has gained importance in recent years in many countries, as a way of fostering employment opportunities, boosting economic competitiveness, and promoting local and regional development. \nYouth involvement in entrepreneurship assists in boosting their confidence, achieving economic independence, and alleviating poverty. Some researchers describe entrepreneurial orientation as innovativeness, pro-activeness, risk taking, and competitive aggressiveness. Other researchers see entrepreneurial orientation as being pushed or pulled into entrepreneurship. In this study, push and pull factors to become entrepreneurs were used to determine the entrepreneurial orientation of the respondents. \nThe objectives of the study were to investigate whether there is a relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and the business performance of youth entrepreneurs in the Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality. A descriptive research design within a quantitative research approach was adopted using online surveys and physical administration of questionnaires. The study used a census method to sample 555 youth entrepreneurs in the Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality. A low response rate was achieved as only 96 respondents fully completed the questionnaires, which were used in the analysis. \nThe collected data was analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences. The findings of this study revealed that push factors had a significant influence on the business performance of youth businesses in the Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality; whereas there was no statistical evidence to suggest that pull factors predicted the business performance of youth businesses in the study area. \nThe research found that entrepreneurship among young individuals is essential to enhancing young people’s economic development. The study discovered that most TMM youths were pulled in to starting their own businesses. The research also suggested that, EO could encourage TMM youth entrepreneurs to continue to become innovative, take- risk, be pro-active and competive aggressive in the businesses.
Analisis kondisi sanitasi masyarakat pinggir sungai dengan pendekatan studi EHRA di Kelurahan Tembilahan Kota

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Indragiri Hilir is low lan areas or riverbank is swamp, which has a many rivers and stream. Riverbank area there are many settlements with spesific conditions of sanitation facillities,This study uses the method of approach through studies EHRA by conducting explorative survey to look at the household scale sanitary conditions. variable research is a sanitary garbage , latrines , household waste and clean water. Sampling technique using a random sampling of the population of people who live on the riverbank with the inclusion criteria of 493 households , obtained a sample of 125 housewives. The results showed that the sanitary conditions of communities riverbank in the village Tembilahan cities include: community do not do waste treatment and immediately throw it into the river , sanitary latrines still use the river as a defecation , people immediately dispose of household waste into the river , meeting the needs of clean water to eat and drink is obtained from sources rainwater as well as for bathing and washing using river water. Communities riverbank in the village Tembilahan cities categorized as moderate risk areas . public sanitation on communities riverbank in the village Tembilahan cities do not have basic sanitation standards and the need for a proper settlement.
The Legal Understanding of Slavery: From the Historical to the Contemporary

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Bellagio-Harvard Guidelines on the Legal Parameters of Slavery Introduction SECTION 1: HISTORICAL READINGS OF THE LAW OF SLAVERY 1. The Nature of Slavery 2. The Law of Slavery in European ius commune 3. Definition and Conceptions of Slave Ownership in Islamic Law 4. The Definition of Slavery in Eighteenth-Century Thinking: Not the True Roman Slavery 5. From Consensus to Consensus: Slavery in International Law SECTION 2: THE AMERICAN EXPERIENCE: BLURRED BOUNDARIES OF SLAVERY 6. Slavery in the United States: Persons or Property?, 7. To Indent Oneself: Ownership, Contracts, and Consent in Antebellum Illinois 8. Under Color of Law: Siliadin v. France and the Dynamics of Enslavement in Historical Perspective 9. The Rise, Persistence, and Slow Decline of Legal Slavery 10. The Abolition of Slavery in the United States: Historical Context and its Contemporary Application SECTION 3: THE 1926 DEFINITION IN CONTEXT 11. The Definition of Slavery into the Twenty-First Century 12. Seeking to Understand the Definition of Slavery 13. The Concept of Property and the Concept of Slavery 14. Defining Slavery in all its Forms: Historical Inquiry as Contemporary Instruction SECTION 4: CONTEMPORARY SLAVERY 15. Slavery in its Contemporary Manifestations 16. Contemporary International Legal Norms on Slavery: Problems of Judicial Interpretation and Application 17. Trafficking, Gender, and Slavery: Past and Present 18. Professor Kevin Bales' Response to Professor Orlando Patterson 19. Professor Patterson Rejoiner: A Response to Professor Kevin Bales APPENDICES 1926 Slavery Convention 1956 Supplementary Convention on the Abolition of Slavery, the Slave Trade, and Institutions and Practices Similar to Slavery