jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Shari’a Governance in Bahrain: Analysing the Islamic Banking Industry’s Implementation of the Newly Issued Regulatory Shari’a Governance Module

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Shari’a governance is considered a crucial element of the Islamic banking industry. As recent as 2017, Islamic banks in the Kingdom of Bahrain were required by the regulator to have only a Shari’a Supervisory Board and an internal Shari’a function. In 2017, the Central Bank of Bahrain issued a new Shari’a Governance module (SG) in its rulebook, requiring all Islamic banks to have at least two internal Shari’a departments instead of one, mandated external Shari’a auditing, and maintaining the necessity of having a Shari’a Supervisory Board. In this study, through an empirical enquiry, we analyse how the Islamic banking industry implemented this new module. The empirical results revealed that there seems to be an implementation gap between Islamic retail and wholesale banks, where the former have fully implemented the new Shari’a governance requirements, while the latter were given exemptions to postpone its implementation.
Design and technology of fine-grained sleep transistor circuits in ultra-deep sub-micron CMOS technologies

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The reduction of leakage currents in deep sub-micron CMOS is a challenging design criterion. The block level sleep transistor scheme is an established strategy to suppress static power consumption in unused circuit blocks. Suspending small logic blocks for even very short time intervals is the next step to cope with continuously increasing leakage currents. A design methodology for the power switch is demonstrated for a 16 bit multiply accumulate unit. A straightforward strategy to determine the minimum power-down time is demonstrated. A charge recycling scheme reduces the minimum power-down time by reducing the switching overhead. A double switch scheme reduces the on-current during block activation significantly and enables a faster block activation.
The Structure and Properties of an Intermediate‐Velocity Cloud in the Direction of the Globular Cluster M13

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A study of an intermediate-velocity cloud (IVC; VLSR ≈- 70 km s–1) detected in the foreground of the globular cluster M13 has been made using H I spectra obtained with the Lovell Telescope, Jodrell Bank (FWHP beamwidth 12') and H I spectral maps derived from Dominion Radio Astrophysical Observatory Synthesis Telescope observations (FWHP synthesised beamwidth ≈2'.8 × 2'.0). The radio data complement the optical absorption line spectroscopy of M13 cluster stars reported by Bates et al. The H I data obtained with the Lovell Telescope show extended emission from a broad-velocity component (FWHM ≈ 30 km s–1) of Hi column density ≳ 7 × 1018 cm–2. Two cloudlets are revealed in the H I observations lying on either side of M13 and having a two-component structure; the broad component (FWHM ≈ 32 km s–1) has an Hi column density of ≈ 5 × 1019 cm–2, while the narrow component (FWHM ≈ 8 km s–1) has a column density of ≈ 6 × 1018 cm–2 as seen in the Synthesis Telescope observations. The cloudlets have an angular size ≈2' and are only partially resolved in the synthesis telescope data. Fine-scale gas structure is also evident from the cluster star spectroscopy with variations in Na I column density of a factor of ≳10 observed across the several arcminutes of the cluster face; there is also evidence for structure on an angular scale of several arcseconds. A column density ratio Na I/H I ≈ 4 × 10–8 is measured for a cloudlet in the foreground of the cluster near the strongest Na I detection. Estimates are made of cloudlet gas density that are comparable with those reported for high-velocity cloud (HVC) concentrations. However, the present observations emphasize further the need for higher spatial resolution H I studies to provide firmer estimates of cloud properties.
Rugby injury survey 1979.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In a prospective study 1085 rugby players and their injuries were recorded in the 1979 playing season. The age, grade, position, fitness and ground conditions did not affect the injury pattern. The majority of injuries were insignificant requiring no hospital follow up. The tackle accounted for 44 percent of all injuries. Set play does not contribute significantly to the number of injuries. The head and neck was the most frequently involved site, followed by the lower limbs. Foul play was implicated in 15 percent of all injuries. More stringent refereeing and coaching of the tackle could aid in reducing the number and severity of rugby injuries.
The Nexus Between Gender and Perceived Career Opportunities

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Although the horizontal representation of women in the U.S. workforce has significantly increased, numerous studies have found that there is still a substantial underrepresentation of women at high-level positions. In light of this fact, this article examines differences in perceived career opportunities between men and women in the federal workforce as well as the evolution of these differences between 2006 and 2013. To do this, a heterogeneous choice model is used to examine representative samples of two waves of the U.S. federal employee viewpoint survey. We come to the finding that a difference in perceived career opportunities exists and, surprisingly, that this difference did not decrease or increase during the examined time period.
Study and Classification of Tombstones of the Safavid Period (Ardabil City)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Ardabil, now known as one of the provinces of the country, has been one of the oldest and ancient cities in various historical periods, including Islam. This province comes to the end of the majesty and power during the reign of Safavid. Tombstone is among the heritage of the past that reflects culture and civilization. The existence of a tombstone on the tombs of Islamic period has always been observed in all parts of Iran. Though this issue exists in most cultures, it has always been considered by Muslims as an indicator of burial in the culture of the Islamic era and of Iran. The purpose of this research is to identify and study tombstone in the relevant area during the Safavid period. According to the results, the status of Shia religion can be clearly seen in all the tombstones of the Safavid period of Ardabil. In fact, it can be said that the combination of art and belief has caused the tombs of stone to be of particular importance and variety, and the line drawn on them represents the beliefs and cultures, as well as the scope of the literature of this region. Most of the designs include Islamic designs, flowers and leaves, animal designs and Quranic verses. The method used in this study is based on field study
INVESTIGATING THE IMPACT OF GOLD PRICE AND EXCHANGE RATES ON SENSEX: AN EVIDENCE OF INDIA

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The present paper investigates the impact of gold price and exchange rates on sensex in India for the period from January 2, 1991 to October 31, 2013 using daily data with the application of unit root test, Johansen cointegration test and Granger causality test have been designed. In other words, this paper investigates the affiliation between three financial variables of gold price, exchange rates and sensex between 1991 and 2013. In recent times, Indian investors are demonstrating uncase in the stock markets due to continuous rising of gold prices on account of no fear and no future loss. Again, exchange rate fluctuations will affect international trades, thus influence the stock market. Johansen cointegration test result indicates that there exists a long-term relationship among the selected variables. Granger causality test result shows that there must be either bidirectional or no causality among the variables.
Introduction

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This chapter sets up the thesis of the book: Crime coverage practices serve as a lens to consider underlying cultural attitudes to concepts like privacy, public, public right to know, and justice. Differing decisions, for example, about whether to name suspects, suggest varying beliefs about the value of privacy and the public right to know. The chapter outlines the methodology and situates the work in relation to Daniel Hallin and Paulo Mancini, whose book Comparing Media Practices influenced the selection of countries, as well as the initial premises. We name the ten countries that comprise the basis of our comparison, and briefly introduce our three media models: the Protectors (Germany, the Netherlands, Sweden), the Watchdogs (the United Kingdom, Ireland, Canada, and the United States), and the Ambivalents (Spain, Italy, and Portugal). The chapter concludes with a brief overview of individual book chapters.
Phenytoin induced chorea: an uncommon manifestation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction:We describe a case of chorea induced by phenytoin in an young indian male. Case presentation: A twenty one year old indian male patient who is a known case of generalized epilepsy for past 2 years on sodium valproate presented with acute onset chorea, four days after starting phenytoin sodium with normal serum phenytoin levels. After excluding the other possible causes of chorea, phenytoin was withdrawn which resulted in a dramatic subsidence of chorea .On rechallenge with phenytoin patient again developed chorieform movements which again subsided after drug withdrawl, thus implicating phenytoin as the possible etiological agent for chorea Conclusion:Phenytoin rarely induces involuntary movements as adverse effect.During phenytoin therapy,if a patient develops involuntary movements,phenytoin toxicity should be suspected. Drug withdrawl leads to complete symptomatic improvement thereby avoiding extensive workup for other secondary causes. Key words: phenytoin induced chorea, drug induced movement disorders, antiepileptics induced dyskinesias, phenytoin and involuntary movements, anticonvulsants and dyskinesias , phenytoin toxicity
Bifurcation of Spatiotemporal Cardiac Alternans

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Cardiac alternans is an initiator of ventricular fibrillation, a fatal heart rhythm disorder that kills hundreds of thousands people in the US each year. Alternans manifests as a pattern with beat-to-beat long-short variations in action potential duration. In an isolated cardiac cell, alternans arises as a supercritical period-doubling bifurcation. In cardiac tissue (coupled cells), propagation effect leads to more complicated bifurcation structures. Specifically, there may coexist multiple spatiotemporal patterns of alternans in tissue due to the interaction between electrotonic coupling and intrinsic instability in the dynamics of action potential. In this work, we carry out a detailed bifurcation analysis to illustrate the mechanism that leads to this phenomenon. The results on this analysis may shed light on the onset and control of the dreadful instability of cardiac alternans.
Software reuse for hydraulic component test stands: a case study

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper is an update to information presented at Autotestcon 1991. Presented are lessons learned from a practical reuse of a large C++ library that has been developed for hydraulic component testing. This software is currently being used by HR Textron to supply semi-automatic/automatic servovalve and servocylinder test stands. The lessons learned are presented in the context of servovalve and servocylinder testing in order to associate abstract software development issues to real world systems.
Traumatic Left Ventricular Aneurysm

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Two young males had traumatic left ventricular aneurysm and normal coronary angiograms. Trauma was penetrating (bullet) in one and nonpenetrating (fist blow) in the other. Recurrent ventricular tachycardia in one and a systemic embolus in the other required aneurysmectomy. The patients are free of symptoms 42 and 21 months after surgery. The presence of traumatic ventricular aneurysm and normal coronary angiograms suggests that myocardial necrosis following chest trauma is often caused by direct injury to the myocardium rather than by injury to occlusion of the coronary arteries. Therefore, coronary artery bypass surgery may be unnecessary or even hazardous in persons with chest trauma and evidence of early myocardial necrosis.
Analysis of the use of isotretinoin as an adjuvant in rhinoplasty

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Isotretinoin has been used in the treatment of acne for decades through the reduction of sebaceous secretion. There are reports in the literature that isotretinoin may be associated with decreased skin thickness, especially in patients with thick nasal skin for whom rhinoplasty can be more challenging. The objective of this study was to quantify, through ultrasonography, the effect of the use of oral isotretinoin in patients undergoing rhinoplasty, pre‐ and postoperatively. Methods Twenty‐four patients participated in this randomized, single‐blind controlled pilot clinical trial. The intervention group used oral isotretinoin (20 mg/day) for 2 months before rhinoplasty and for 4 months after. Both groups underwent rhinoplasty in the same plastic surgery department and were submitted to high‐frequency (22 MHz) ultrasound evaluation of the epidermis and dermis on the nasal dorsum, nasal tip, and left nose wing at the beginning of the study and 6 months after rhinoplasty, with the aim of assessing changes in skin thickness. Results Six months after rhinoplasty, a statistically significant reduction was observed in the thickness of the epidermis and dermis of the nasal dorsum and left nose wing, as well as of the epidermis of the nasal tip, but only in the intervention group. The results of the satisfaction questionnaire were better after rhinoplasty in both groups, with no statistical difference between them regarding the specific questions; however, the intervention group had significantly higher satisfaction scores than the control group. Conclusions Isotretinoin was effective in reducing the thickness of the skin covering the nose of the evaluated sites.
Noise Thinks the Anthropocene

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In an increasingly technologized and connected world, it seems as if noise must be increasing. Noise, however, is a complicated term with a complicated history. Noise can be traced through structures of power, theories of knowledge, communication, and scientific practice, as well as through questions of art, sound, and music. Thus, rather than assume that it must be increasing, this work has focused on better understanding the various ways that noise is defined, what that noise can do, and how we can use noise as a strategically political tactic. Noise Thinks the Anthropocene is a textual experiment in noise poetics that uses the growing body of research into noise as source material. It is an experiment in that it results from indeterminate means, alternative grammar, and experimental thinking. The outcome was not predetermined. It uses noise to explain, elucidate, and evoke (akin to other poetic forms) within the textual milieu in a manner that seeks to be less determinate and more improvisational than conventional writing. Noise Thinks the Anthropocene argues that noise poetics is a necessary form for addressing political inequality, coexistence with the (nonhuman) other, the ecological crisis, and sustainability because it approaches these issues as a system of interconnected fragments and excesses and thus has the potential to reach or envision solutions in novel ways.
The Role of Genetic Mutations in the HPGD & SLCO2A1 Genes in Pachydermoperiostosis Syndrome

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Pachydermoperiostosis, also known as Primary Hypertrophic Osteoarthropathy (PHO), is a rare genetic disorder. The three main features are: enlarged fingertips (clubbing), thickened facial skin (pachydermia), and excessive sweating (hyperhidrosis). PHO is characterized by problems with skin and bone growth. Patients with PHO usually have coarse facial features with oily, thick, grooved skin on the face, joint pain, enlarged fingertips and toes, and hyperhidrosis of the hands and feet. Symptoms vary individually; however, men generally present with more severe manifestations. X-rays can help check for features that are not noticeable to the naked eye. There are two genes that are associated with PHO: the HPGD gene, located on the long arm of chromosome 4 at 4q34.1, and the SLCO2A1 gene, located on the long arm of chromosome 3 at 3q22.1 - q22.2. Mutations in the HPGD gene are inherited in an autosomal recessive manner, and the condition is sometimes abbreviated as PHOAR1 or Touraine-Solente-Gole syndrome.
A Case Report of Electrical Burn by Ground Plate of Electrosurgical Unit

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A electrical safety in the operating room is one of important responsibility for the anesthesiologists and surgeons. When the patient is included in an electric circuit with poor ground during operation under the general anesthesia electrical accident might be occured, such as sustained muscular contration with asphixia, impairment of CNS function, ventricular fibrillation, and more commonly, burn and other physiological injuries. Authors report an electrical burn on the right calf area (3X5 cm) and both heels by ground plate of electrosurgical unit which is probably poor contacts with the patient and review about its prevention and safety of electic practice.
The Western Conifer Seed Bug,Leptoglossus occidentalis(Heidemann, 1910), recorded in Turkey (Heteroptera: Coreidae)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

(2010). The Western Conifer Seed Bug, Leptoglossus occidentalis (Heidemann, 1910), recorded in Turkey (Heteroptera: Coreidae) Zoology in the Middle East: Vol. 50, No. 1, pp. 138-139.
The Emotional Impact of End-Stage Renal Disease: Importance of Patients' Perceptions of Intrusiveness and Control

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The emotional impact of the intrusiveness of illness and patients' reduced control over several aspects of life were examined in the context of end-stage renal disease. A sample of thirty-five hemodialysis, ten continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD), and twenty-five posttransplant patients participated in a standardized interview in which a series of eight self-report measures of positive and negative mood, life happiness, self-esteem, depression, and somatic symptoms of distress were obtained. Attending staff also completed a depression rating scale for each participant. Data reduction via principal-components analysis yielded two factors, corresponding to negative and positive mood, and these were submitted to covariance analyses in which age, general nonrenal health, and defensiveness were controlled statistically. Patients' perceptions of increased intrusiveness, and their perceptions of limited control over eleven life dimensions, each correlated significantly and uniquely with increased negative and decreased positive mood, suggesting that each of these two factors contributes importantly and independently to patients' distress. An “objective” continuum of intrusiveness, constructed by ranking the various treatment modalities represented in the sample, also related significantly to positive (but not to negative) mood levels.
Leadership and management in clinical biochemistry

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Challenging times lay ahead for laboratory medicine in Europe due to at least three factors. 1) the scientific and technological developments increase the diagnostic possibilities but at the same time they will also change the interfaces among the different specialties of laboratory medicine. 2) the demographic changes with a more elderly population increase the demands for laboratory tests. 3) the increased complexity of the health care system combined with more well-informed patients calls for more coherent clinical pathways across the different sectors, for an increased focus on patient safety, and for a stronger involvement of patients and relatives. These issues cause both threats and opportunities for laboratory medicine - and they have to be handled in a situation with limited economic growth and shortage of money. This calls for a new organization of laboratory medicine in many hospitals as well as for a more active involvement of laboratory medicine in the clinical work and in the contact with the patients. Laboratory medicine will need dedicated and skillful leadership in order to prosper and grow during these challenging changes.
A Review on the Comparison of Vemurafenib and Dabrafenib in the treatment of Melanoma caused by Mutation of Braf

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Metastatic melanoma is one of the most aggressive forms of skin cancer. The mortality rate of this cancer is high .Almost 60% of the melanomas are due to the mutation of BRAF gene. BRAF V600E mutations has been implicated in melanoma genesis by different mechanisms. It occurs due to the improper regulation of the activation of downstream MEK (mitogen activated protein kinase enzyme)/ERK (extra cellular signal related kinase) effectors. In order to overcome the increasing rate of this disease a comparative study has been performed between two ERK/MEK inhibitors namely vemurafenib and dabrafenib and also to understand the relative efficacy and toxicity effect between these two therapeutic modalities.