jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
CONSTITUTIONAL DOCUMENTS OF THE KEHILA ASHKENAZI IN MEXICO

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The Ashkenazijews arrived in Mexico at the beginning of the twentieth century. Being few in number, they prayed in the same small place as Jews ofSephardi descent. Yet differences between both groups appeared almost immediately because of the different styles of prayer service. These differ ences forced the Ashkenazi Jews to leave and search for a place of their own. This event can be considered as the initiation of the Kehild Ashkenazi in Mexico, which occurred in 1922. This study presents five early documents in Spanish related to this founding and its development through the following seventy years.
Abiotic molecular oxygen production—Ionic pathway from sulfur dioxide

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Molecular oxygen, O 2 , is vital to life on Earth and possibly also on exoplanets. Although the biogenic processes leading to its accumulation in Earth’s atmosphere are well understood, its abiotic origin is still not fully established. Here, we report combined experimental and theoretical evidence for electronic state–selective production of O 2 from SO 2 , a chemical constituent of many planetary atmospheres and one that played an important part on Earth in the Great Oxidation Event. The O 2 production involves dissociative double ionization of SO 2 leading to efficient formation of the O 2 + ion, which can be converted to abiotic O 2 by electron neutralization or by charge exchange. This formation process may contribute substantially to the abundance of O 2 and related ions in planetary atmospheres, such as the Jovian moons Io, Europa, and Ganymede. We suggest that this sort of ionic pathway for the formation of abiotic O 2 involving multiply charged molecular ion decomposition may also exist for other atmospheric and planetary molecules.
[Tumor regression rate and the effectiveness of the radiation therapy of cervical cancer patients].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The paper deals with a correlation between the rate of tumor regression in response to radiation and the results of radiation treatment of cancer of the uterine cervix. The period of 50% decrease in tumor size in response to radiation treatment was established in 116 patients with cervical carcinoma by means of a dynamical cytological examination. Acceleration of tumor regression was followed by an increase in 5-year survival rates. A reverse correlation was established between growth and regression rates of cervical carcinoma. Thanks to the determination of tumor regression rates, various modalities of radiation treatment could be evaluated in the course of therapy and their efficacy predicted.
‘Women Against the Common Market’

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article explores women’s activism in the early 1970s through the organisation ‘Women Against the Common Market’ (WACM), founded by the former left-wing Labour MP Anne Kerr. WACM carved out a distinct niche among the growing collection of Eurosceptic organisations. Women were believed to be more ambivalent about EEC membership, and WACM was established to boost this perception. The group’s early successes came, in part, due to the flamboyant and dogged efforts of its founder. But, Kerr’s untimely death in 1973 deprived the group of a significant role in the EEC referendum two years later, leading subsequent histories to downplay its relevance. This is the first full-length study of the organisation. The article unpacks the group’s internal structures and membership, identifies its links with existing Eurosceptic organisations, and analyses the effectiveness of its campaign tactics. WACM campaigners deployed traditional categories, such as ‘housewife’, but the fact that women were important consumers gave them crucial licence to speak about all variety of political issues, including trade policy, international relations, and democracy itself.
Subhalo effective density slope measurements from HST strong lensing data with neural likelihood-ratio estimation

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Examining the properties of subhalos with strong gravitational lensing images can shed light on the nature of dark matter. From upcoming large-scale surveys, we expect to discover orders of magnitude more strong lens systems that can be used for subhalo studies. To optimally extract information from a large number of strong lensing images, machine learning provides promising avenues for efficient analysis that is unachievable with traditional analysis methods, but application of machine learning techniques to real observations is still limited. We build upon previous work, which uses a neural likelihood-ratio estimator, to constrain the effective density slopes of subhalos and demonstrate the feasibility of this method on real strong lensing observations. To do this, we implement significant improvements to the forward simulation pipeline and undertake careful model evaluation using simulated images. Ultimately, we use our trained model to predict the effective subhalo density slope from combining a set of strong lensing images taken by the \textit{Hubble Space Telescope}. We found the subhalo slope measurement of this set of observations to be steeper than the slope predictions of cold dark matter subhalos. Our result adds to several previous works that also measured high subhalo slopes in observations. Although a possible explanation for this is that subhalos with steeper slopes are easier to detect due to selection effects and thus contribute to statistical bias, our result nevertheless points to the need for careful analysis of more strong lensing observations from future surveys.
Study on the test of coal mass fracture grouting sealing with coal-based materials and its application

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

This study is focused on coal mass fracture grouting sealing and seepage reduction with coal-based grouting sealing materials. First, a new type of coal-based grouting sealing materials was developed and applied to the fractured coal sample in the grouting test. Then, the coal sample before and after grouting was scanned and reconstructed with the aid of industrial computed tomography (CT). Based on CT images and reconstructed data, a theoretical model of grouting sealing for fractured coal mass was constructed by taking the migration and sedimentation of grouting slurry particles into consideration. Furthermore, on the ground of the theoretical model, a numerical calculation model of grouting sealing for the fractured coal sample was established, and the mechanism of grouting sealing and seepage reduction with coal-based sealing materials was simulated. Finally, a field test of gas extraction drilling and sealing was performed using the coal-based grouting sealing technology. The results show that: 1) The new type of coal-based grouting materials is effective in sealing the coal mass fracture, as the fracture is tightly filled with slurry particles after grouting. 2) The numerical simulation reproduces the whole process of grouting slurry flow and fracture sealing. After the permeability of the grouting coal sample decreases rapidly, it gradually tends to stabilize. The permeability of the whole coal sample goes down by 96% on average, and that of the fracture drops by more than 99.9% on average. The law of slurry diffusion and permeability variation calculated by numerical simulation is in line with the test results, which verifies the reasonableness of the model. 3) The application of the coal-based grouting sealing technology achieves an excellent sealing effect, promoting the gas extraction concentration by 1.43 times. The research results provide guidance for revealing mechanism of coal mass fracture grouting sealing with coal-based materials and bolstering the effect of extraction borehole sealing.
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance: Basic Principles and Liquid State Spectroscopy

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The basic physical principles behind nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy are introduced in this chapter, along with spectroscopic techniques for the study of liquids. The phenomenon of magnetic resonance is described from a quantum mechanical point of view, using the density operator formalism that has become the standard in the field. Interactions of the nuclear spin with the molecular surroundings such as the chemical shift of the resonance frequency and the scalar spin–spin coupling are introduced. The effect of radio‐frequency pulses on the nuclear spin state is discussed, as well as the spin– lattice and spin–spin relaxation processes that take the spin system back to its thermal equilibrium state in the absence of external perturbations. The principle of multidimensional spectroscopy is described, and specific liquid‐state NMR techniques that have applications in materials science are discussed.
Impairment-aware optimization strategies to dimension optical transport networks with minimal regeneration requirements

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract—Physical impairments restrain the maximum length a signal can travel without regeneration. The quality of a signal in optical wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) networks must thus be restored with opto-electro-optical (OEO) regeneration in order to reach its destination. As OEO regenerators are costly devices, sparse deployment using routing optimization is the key to reduce the network cost. This paper tackles the problem of impairment aware routing and wavelength assignment with regeneration placement (RWARP), considering capacity constraints, while focusing on minimizing the number of regenerators. We will firstly, extend an Integer Linear Programming (ILP) formulation for the RWARP problem which provides, when feasible, an optimal solution, and secondly, propose an efficient heuristic. Results show that the heuristic provides satisfactory results, optimal for small problems, in a fraction of the ILP execution time.
Coralline algae-the untouched life forms in the reefs of Gulf of Mannar, Southeastern India

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Gulf of Mannar has long been considered as one of the wealthy reef ecosystems and first ever international coral reef symposium was organized here. Since then, there have been many works regarding the coral reefs and associated organisms of this region. But one major category, the coralline algae has been left out by the scientists because of the tedious sampling protocol though they are an integral part in any reef ecosystem and most of the phycologists in India are not scuba divers and coralline algae are hardly washed ashore. In this paper, four islands of Gulf of Mannar (Vaan, Koswari, Kariyachalli and Vilanguchalli islands) were studied to ascertain the status and role of coralline algae. Live coral cover was 50.13, 23.11, 42.35 and 28.65% respectively in Vaan, Koswari, Kariyachalli and Vilanguchalli islands and the overall cover of coralline algae was 5.09, 6.53, 9.64 and 6.98% respectively.
Political values and socialization in environmental movements

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In this chapter we provide an overview of political values and socialization as applied to the environmental movement. We begin by considering some ways in which the environmental movement might be mapped and provide some empirical examples using survey data. Next, we review several theoretical perspectives that focus on values and related phenomena as explanations for environmentalism and other forms of social movement activity. Specifically, we review post-materialist values, the New Ecological Paradigm scale, and the conservatism-liberalism dimension. We also examine the values-belief-norms theory approach. Utilizing survey data collected in Canada on members/supporters of the environmental movement and the general public, we empirically explore the relationship of these values, beliefs, and ideologies to various facets of environmentalism, including environmental social movement organization affiliation, identification with the environmental movement, environmental activism, and environmentally friendly behavior. Finally, we provide a critical discussion of key issues regarding conceptualizing, measuring, and modeling values in the context of the environmental movement.
New Environmental Protection Taxes in China from the Perspective of Environmental Economics

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

In recent decades, most countries have implemented environmental protection by formulating relevant environmental regulations to reduce environmental pollution and improve environmental quality. China enacted new Environmental Protection Tax Law in 2018 and abolished the old system of pollution discharge fees. This paper analyzes and predicts the effectiveness of these new environmental tax policies within the framework of a macroeconometric dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model. Bayesian estimation is applied to estimate dynamic parameters based on China’s macroeconomic data from 1978 to 2018. We find that the implementation of China’s new environmental tax will lead to a significant increase in environmental quality through a reduction in the amount of pollution. However, the study reveals that new environmental taxes may have certain negative influences on economic growth. Consumption, output, wages, and capital could fall by 1.26%, 0.34%, 1.16%, and 1.12%, respectively, which may slow the pace of China’s development.
Aorto-mitral angle: an emerging indicator for successful alcohol septal ablation in hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy - a pilot study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Approximately 10-20% of patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) undergoing alcohol septal ablation (ASA) exhibit a suboptimal response, despite accurate targeting of the septal artery. This suboptimal response may be due to structural and functional factors related to the mitral valve and left ventricular (LV) dimensions. Currently, there is a lack of specific parameters or cutoffs to predict ASA success. The aorto-mitral angle is crucial for predicting systolic anterior motion (SAM) in mitral valve repair surgery, but its relationship with ASA outcomes remains underexplored. Purpose This study aims to investigate the relationship between aorto-mitral angle values and the success of alcohol septal ablation, and to assess the impact of this parameter on ASA outcomes. Methods The study retrospectively included 23 HOCM patients who underwent ASA in our clinic, with data collected from thorough evaluations conducted before and at least six months after the procedure. The left ventricular outflow tract pressure gradient (LVOT PG) and other standard parameters were measured using transthoracic echocardiography. The aorto-mitral angle was assessed through three-dimensional data acquisition during transoesophageal echocardiography, analyzed offline using specific software (zoom 3D of the mitral valve, MVQ). Results Nineteen patients experienced successful ASA, defined as a &gt;50% reduction in LVOT PG compared to baseline, while four patients had suboptimal results. There were no significant differences in baseline LV dimensions, LVOT PG, age, or comorbidities between the groups. The aorto-mitral angle was significantly higher in patients with successful ASA (138.21 ± 7.6 versus 115 ± 9.2 degrees, p&lt;0.001). This angle correlated with the percentage decrease in LVOT PG (R = 0.59, p = 0.02), though the correlation with the absolute decrease was not statistically significant (R = 0.38, p = 0.06). After further validation, the aorto-mitral angle may be useful for predicting ASA success (logistic regression odds ratio 1.37, 95% confidence interval (1.01, 1.86), p = 0.04). Additionally, significant differences were found between redundant anterior mitral leaflet (AML) length, anterior displacement of the coaptation point, and ASA success in this cohort (p = 0.04 for both). Conclusion The aorto-mitral angle appears to play a role in the obstruction mechanism of HOCM and could serve as a valuable predictor for ASA success. These findings may prompt further investigation and potential inclusion of this parameter in a prediction model alongside other mitral valve and LV size parameters.
Model-Driven Engineering of Multi-target Plastic User Interfaces

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

A Multi-target user interface is composed of a series of interconnected variations of the same user interfaces, but tailored for different targets or different contexts of use. When access to software applications must be guaranteed in more than one context of use, it is necessary to adapt these user interfaces in order to preserve their usability when the switch between contexts occur. For this purpose, this paper proposes a model and a presentation technique to express and manipulate the plasticity domain of a user interface. The plasticity domain denotes the set of contexts of use it is able to cover while preserving its usability. In this paper, we focus on one aspect of the context of use: the platform screen size. A window requires a graphical area for its rendering and manipulation by the end- user. The model supports the definition of this graphical area in terms of window size and window place. The visualization technique helps in both making observable the set of presentations that fit the available space, and perceiving which operations could help in switching from one presentation to another one. The first benefit is powerful for eliciting the candidate presentations when the context of use changes. The model has been integrated in UsiXML, a XML-compliant user interface description language.
Clinical Studies of the Effect of Low Protein Diet and Insulin Administration in the Treatment of Chronic Renal Failure

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Twenty patients, 14 males and 6 females, 18 with chronic renal failure, 14 from chronic glomerulonephrities and 4 from nephrosclerosis, and 2 with chronic glomerulonephrities, were treated with low protein diet and regular insulin administration. The low protein diet used contained essential amino acids in quantities larger than the minimum requirement of amino acids as reported by the Food and Agriculture Organization Committee (F.A.O.). 1) In patients with a GFR of 20.1 to 30.0 % of normal, serum non-protein nitrogen and serum urea nitrogen decreased to normal and maintained a normal level under low protein diets of 0.4 to 0.6 g/day/kg body weight. 2) Patients with chronic renal failure with a GFR of under 30% of normal value revealed azotemia under protein intake of more than 0.8 g/day/kg body weight. 3) Five patients with chronic renal failure revealed increased or unchanged serum non-protein nitrogen and serum urea nitrogen, and an increased serum amino acids solution (3% ES. Politamin R), but unchanged or in some cases decreased serum non-protein nitrogen and serum urea nitrogen, and decreased serum amino nitrogen in all cases when 10 units of regular insulin was added to the amino acids solution. 4) Three out of four patients with chronic renal failure revealed decreased serum non-protein nitrogen, serum urea nitrogen and serum potassium level with a decreased urinary total nitrogen and urea nitrogen output after daily intravenous infusion of 500ml of 5% glucose solution with 10 units of regular insulin over a 5 hour period for 20 days. 5) Patients under low protein diets of 0.4 to 0.6g/day/kg body weight revealed decreased serum non-protein nitrogen and serum urea nitrogen level, and decreased urinary total nitrogen and urea nitrogen output, in almost all cases after daily intramuscular administration of 10 units of regular insulin for 20 days. Hyperpotassemic patients revealed decrease in serum potassium level.
LHD 2O-AH01-03-03-NF #165033.2

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The plasma monitor cameras are installed in 6-T, 6-O and 10-O ports for monitoring LHD plasmas. Five cameras are set in 3-O port for observing the lower divertor structure near 2.5-L port and the plasma-wall interactions on the divertor plates.
Insecticide Evaluations Against Soil Insect Pests of Blueberries, 1994

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract This experiment was conducted in a nonbearing 3-year-old ‘bluecrop’ blueberry field, near Hammonton, NJ. Soils at this location were sandy loam with 4.7 pH and irrigated season long. Blueberry bushes were approximately 3-4 ft tall and spaced 3 × 8 ft apart. Treatments were replicated 6 times in a randomized complete block design with each replicate consisting of 48-ft-long rows with 10-12 bushes in 2 to 4 rows. Treatments were separated by at least 2 unsprayed rows and 4 unsprayed plants within a row that served as buffer. Insecticides were applied as a 1-ft band on both sides of the plant for a total of 96 sq ft of treated area per replication. Granular insecticides were applied by spreading the granules evenly by hand and incorporated to a depth of 1-2 inches using a hand hoe. Liquid formulations were applied with a CO2 pressurized Model T backpack sprayer (R&D Sprayers) equipped with a single TeeJet nozzle (8002VS) operated at 35 psi. Insecticides were applied twice, on 3 Jun and 24 Aug. Insecticides were sprayed using 1.5 liters of water per replicate on 3 Jun and 1 liter on 24 Aug (30—45 gal/acre). Following each application the field was irrigated by drip irrigation with at least 1 inch of water. Treatment effects were evaluated by examining soil and roots in 1-ft-diameter by 1-ft deep areas around the plants (2 plants/replicate) for whitegrubs (including OB, JB, AGB) and mealybugs. Colonies of newly hatched nymphs of mealybugs were counted separately. Plants were sampled between 20-27 Jun following the first application and between 12-19 Sep following the second application.
Motivations and Methodologies for Automation of the Compositional Process

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Our aim in this paper is to clarify the range of motivations that have inspired the development of computer programs for the composition of music. We consider this to be important since different methodologies are appropriate for different motivations and goals. We argue that a widespread failure to specify the motivations and goals involved has lead to a methodological malaise in music related research. A brief consideration of some of the earliest attempts to produce computational systems for the composition of music leads us to identify four activities involving the development of computer programs which compose music each of which is inspired by different practical or theoretical motivations. These activities are algorithmic composition, the design of compositional tools, the computational modelling of musical styles and the computational modelling of music cognition. We consider these four motivations in turn, illustrating the problems that have arisen from failing to distinguish between them. We propose a terminology that clearly differentiates the activities defined by the four motivations and present methodological suggestions for research in each domain. While it is dearly important for researchers to embrace developments in related disciplines, we argue that research in the four domains will continueto stagnate unless the motivations and aims of research projects are clearly stated and appropriate methodologies are adopted for developing and evaluating systems that compose music.