jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A fine-grained timing driven synthesis of arithmetic circuits

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Synthesizing a fast arithmetic circuit in high-speed systems is one of the most important design considerations. In particular, it is widely recognized that generating a parallel bit-level structure using full-adder (FA) cells as the design primitive is the most fine-grained and effective method of synthesizing fast arithmetic circuits in RTL synthesis. This work overcomes two inherent limitations of the previous methods of the fast FA-tree construction. Those are (1) the unawareness of slew rate at the input ports of FAs, and (2) the unawareness of load capacitance at the output ports of FAs, which are critically important for achieving a high accuracy of circuit timing estimation. Precisely, we show in this paper that considering the (possibly non-uniform) slew rate and load capacitance at the FA ports in estimating timing in the course of FA-tree construction greatly affects the latency of the resultant arithmetic circuit, and propose a slew rate and load-aware comprehensive FA-tree generation algorithm. We confirm the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm integrating a fine-grained FA timing model through experiments with diverse arithmetic designs commonly appeared in DSP and Multimedia applications. In summary, compared to the designs produced by the best ever known FA-tree synthesis method, our proposed synthesis algorithm is able to reduce the timing on average by 12% further.
[Hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis - from symptomatic to curative treatment?]

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Hereditary transthyretin (ATTRv) amyloidosis is a rare but life-threatening multi-systemic disease with clustering areas in, for example, northern Sweden. Until the 1990s, only symptomatic treatments were available but liver transplantation has, in selected patients, been a good therapeutic option since. The first disease-modifying drug for ATTRv amyloidosis was approved in 2011 and since then, the development of new therapeutic drugs has been rapid and successful. Two gene silencing therapies were approved for the disease in 2018, both showing a robust reduction in serum transthyretin levels and a satisfactory safety profile. Recently, CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing has also shown promising results in patients with ATTRv amyloidosis. The recent developments have had a paramount effect on the management of these patients, and will probably also have a significant positive effect on their life expectancy. However, treatment costs have skyrocketed, which implies future challenges.
The Ambiguous Legacy of Ngô Đình Diệm in South Vietnam’s Second Republic (1967–1975)

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Although recent English-language Vietnam War scholarship has devoted considerable attention to reassessing the Ngô Đình Diệm era, contemporaneous South Vietnamese interpretations of the president’s tenure have been largely overlooked. Contrary to prevailing assumptions that his influence ended abruptly with his 1963 murder, Ngô Đình Diệm was a hotly debated figure long after his death. Moreover, his contested legacy came to symbolize South Vietnam’s enduring political, regional and religious schisms, contributing to and reinforcing his country’s profound social fragmentation. The fluid and ambiguous memory that Vietnamese had of his time in office had a substantial impact on subsequent political developments, establishing patterned dynamics of political conflict that endured throughout the Second Republic and providing conceptual yardsticks against which subsequent politicians and political developments were measured. Ngô Đình Diệm’s fraught symbolic resonance and significant posthumous political impact are therefore crucial dimensions to consider in evaluating his legacy.
Re-visiting Luck’s classification: a histological analysis of Dupuytren’s disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Luck (1959) described a histological staging system for Dupuytren’s disease, classifying the disease into three stages. Previous biochemical and immunochemical studies have detailed the decrease in type III/I collagen ratio with disease progression. Herovici (1963) described a histological stain that produced a differential red/purple and blue colour for type I and III collagen respectively. We stained 15 specimens of Dupuytren’s disease and quantified the different collagen types in each using computer analysis. We found a corresponding decrease in the amount of type III collagen as a percentage of the total collagen with disease progression: stage I range 35–49% (mean 38%); stage 2 range 21–33% (mean 27%) and stage 3 range 11–19% (mean 14%). We propose a new staging system based on the relative amount of type III collagen, where stage 1: >35%, stage 2: >20% and <35%, and stage 3: <20%.
Comparison of multiple intelligence fields of physical education and sports college students

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Aim of this study was to identify and compare the areas of multiple intelligence of School of Physical Education and Sports students according to some parameters. Research group consists of 185 people, chosen randomly, who studied at Sakarya and Gaziantep University School of Physical Education and Sports during the academic year of 2014–2015. In this research &quot;Self-Evaluation Survey in Multiple İntelligence&quot; developed by Gardner and adapted toTurkish and customized the validity and reliability of this survey by Saban was used as a data collection tool. &quot;Anova Test&quot; was used to determine the differences between intelligence scores, and &quot;Tukey HSD Test” was used to define the different group. The data collected by using survey was analyzed by using Spss 21 for Windows package program. As a result of the this study, In contrast to students&#039; social, physical, inherent and naturist intelligence, there is a significant difference between linguistic, visual and musical intelligence in favor of the female students and logical intelligence in favor of the males students. In addition linguistic intelligence of subjects was found significantly different according to their deparment variables. Logical, visual, physical, musical, social, inherent and naturist intelligence were found at the same level. School of Physical Education and Sports students were found significantly higher level of logical, visual, physical and naturist intelligence areas. Moreover, department of Sports Management students were showed higher level of linguistic, musical, social and inherent intelligence areas, in comparison to other School of Physical Education and Sports departments’ students.
Soul in the stone: cemetery art from America's heartland

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

John Gary Brown's photographic joumey through America's hearfiand cemeteries successfully presents and represents a regional array of funerary monuments.The place of cemeteries in our culture is clearly and accurately introduced, and a brief but necessary history of the cemetery movement in America foUows, with some background about selected, representafive burial grounds.Attenfion is given to defining and explairüng the significance of motif, symbolism, epitaph, ethnicity, and monument makers.The remainder and greater part of the book provides a photographic tour of some of the most magnificent gravemarkers in mid-American cemeteries.Of parficular interest is Brown's focus on those dedicated to the memory of chüdren, the broad depiction of various occupations, and the presence of rich ethnic diversity.Finally, a brief but appropriate bibliography is provided.Brown's contribufion to the growing corpus of gravemarker scholarship is definitely a significant one.His photographic genius and his understanding of the importance of funerary art within our culture makes for an excellent treatment of the subject for all who have an interest.Scholars in the field as weü as students of the history of Iowa and mid-America wül find this work an excepfionally useful source.Brown has captured the essence of what cemetery art is all about through his remarkable photographs and his crisp, insightful narratives on each.Through careful attenfion the reader will be introduced to some of the finest representations of regional cemetery art found in America's heartland.Only the absence of an index keeps the book from being a perfect "10."
Fission properties of the heaviest elements

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

. We discuss fission properties of the heaviest elements. In particular we focus on stability with respect to spontaneous fission and on the prospects of extending the region of known nuclei beyond the peninsula of currently known nuclides. 1. Introduction The number of elements is limited because nuclei become increasingly unstable with respect to spontaneous-fission and ff decay as the proton number increases. Uranium with 92 protons is the last element that occurs in appreciable quantities on earth, because its half-life with respect to spontaneous fission is sufficiently long in relation to the age of the solar system, so that a substantial portion of the uranium originally present on earth still has not decayed. However, as the proton number increases the spontaneous-fission half-lives rapidly decrease: between thorium and the heavy fermium isotopes the decrease is 30 orders of magnitude, with 258 Fm having a spontaneous-fission half-life of 0.37 ms. In the mid 1960s it was sug...
A long-term simulation of the effects of acidic deposition and climate change on surface water dissolved organic carbon concentrations in a boreal catchment

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) are increasing in many surface waters across Europe. Two of the main mechanisms proposed to explain this increase are declines in sulfate (SO42−) deposition and changes in climate. Many of the reductions in SO42− have already occurred; climate change related effects are occurring now and will continue in the future. This paper presents the first application of a new version of INCA-C, the Integrated Catchments model for Carbon, which simulates the effects of both climate and SO42− deposition on surface water DOC concentration ([DOC]). The model was applied to Valkea-Kotinen, a small headwater catchment in Finland, where it was able to simulate present-day (1990–2007) trends in [DOC] in the lake and catchment outflow as functions of observed climate and European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme (EMEP)-modelled SO42− deposition. Using a parameter set derived from a present-day calibration, the model was run with two climate scenarios from the Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES) and three EMEP deposition scenarios to simulate surface water [DOC] between 1960 and 2100. The results show that much of the historical increase in [DOC] can be explained as a result of historical declines in SO42− deposition and that surface water [DOC] will continue to increase as climate changes.
Data from The EGFR Exon 19 Mutant L747-A750>P Exhibits Distinct Sensitivity to Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Lung Adenocarcinoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<div>AbstractPurpose:<p><i>EGFR</i> exon 19 deletion (Ex19Del) mutations account for approximately 60% of lung cancer–associated <i>EGFR</i> mutations and include a heterogeneous group of mutations. Although they are associated with benefit from tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI), the relative inhibitor sensitivity of individual Ex19Del mutations is unknown.</p><p><b>Experimental Design:</b> We studied the TKI sensitivity and structural features of common Ex19Del mutations and the consequences for patient outcomes on TKI treatment.</p>Results:<p>We found that the L747-A750>P mutation, which represents about 4% of all Ex19Del mutations, displays unique inhibitor selectivity. L747-A750>P differs from other Ex19Del mutations in not being suppressed completely by erlotinib or osimertinib, yet is completely inhibited by low doses of afatinib. The HCC4006 cell line (with the L747-A750>P mutation) exhibited increased sensitivity to afatinib over erlotinib and osimertinib, and computational modeling suggests explanations for this sensitivity pattern. Clinically, patients with EGFR L747-A750>P mutant tumors showed inferior outcomes when treated with erlotinib than patients with E746-A750 mutant tumors.</p>Conclusions:<p>These results highlight important differences between specific Ex19Del mutations that may be relevant for optimizing TKI choice for patients.</p></div>
Ticketing System of Indian Railways through SMS and Swapping Machine

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

UTS ticketing through the computer and computerized reservation ticketing system came in existence in Indian railways in mid of 1985 with a solution of computerization in the ticketing system and tracking of the status of the reserved ticketing, but it creates a number of problems related to this newly implemented system, this paper is regarding the solutions of the problems related in consumption of time during the Ticketing Process in Indian Railways and the mode of payment other than the specified by the Indian Railways while taking ticket from their Ticketing Counters.
PAC Learning and Stabilizing Hedonic Games: Towards a Unifying Approach

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We study PAC learnability and PAC stabilizability of Hedonic Games (HGs), i.e., efficiently inferring preferences or core-stable partitions from samples. We first expand the known learnability/stabilizability landscape for some of the most prominent HGs classes, providing results for Friends and Enemies Games, Bottom Responsive, and Anonymous HGs. Then, having a broader view in mind, we attempt to shed light on the structural properties leading to learnability/stabilizability, or lack thereof, for specific HGs classes. Along this path, we focus on the fully expressive Hedonic Coalition Nets representation of HGs. We identify two sets of conditions that lead to efficient learnability, and which encompass all of the known positive learnability results. On the side of stability, we reveal that, while the freedom of choosing an ad hoc adversarial distribution is the most obvious hurdle to achieving PAC stability, it is not the only one. First, we show a distribution independent necessary condition for PAC stability. Then, we focus on W-games, where players have individual preferences over other players and evaluate coalitions based on the least preferred member. We prove that these games are PAC stabilizable under the class of bounded distributions, which assign positive probability mass to all coalitions. Finally, we discuss why such a result is not easily extendable to other HGs classes even in this promising scenario. Namely, we establish a purely computational property necessary for achieving PAC stability.
Ergonomic improvements in the working environment of Singaporean Ophthalmologists in the outpatient clinics

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Ophthalmologists have long since been plagued with back pains and neck aches. This is particularly with Asians as the equipment which the Ophthalmologists use, are designed and made by companies based in the US or Europe. Hence, it is suspected that these equipment are not designed for Asians, where the range of body sizes are significantly different compared to Caucasians. This project analyzes the Tan Tock Seng Hospital Eye Clinic outpatient clinics with the anthropometric measurements of the doctors. With the results of the analysis, ergonomics mismatch was found as with the suspicion of the doctors themselves. The new adopted postures of the doctors were found to be worse than the correct and normal posture the equipment was designed for. Therefore, to improve the comfort level of the doctors, some modification of the current equipment is needed. Adjustability range of the tables would need to be increased at the lower bound in order to cater to the smaller Asians. Adjustable cushions would also be needed to allow easier reach for the shorter female doctors. Also, with the suggestion of Assistant Professor Park Taezoon, a new device was thought of, in order to relieve the awkward wrist posture that the doctors experience when utilizing an external lens during examination or laser surgery. However, this plan is still in the concept phase. Overall, the studies and analysis in the comfort of ophthalmologists are still ongoing worldwide, with musculoskeletal disorders happening to ophthalmologists around the world. Further research and trials are required before the situation could be further improved upon.
Brief murine myocardial I/R induces chemokines in a TNF-α-independent manner: role of oxygen radicals

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Early chemokine induction in the area at risk of an ischemic-reperfused (I/R) myocardium is first seen in the venular endothelium. Reperfusion is associated with several induction mechanisms including increased extracellular tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, reactive oxygen intermediate (ROI) species formation, and adhesion of leukocytes to the venular endothelium. To test the hypothesis that chemokine induction in cardiac venules can occur by ROIs in a TNF-α-independent manner, and in the absence of leukocyte accumulation, we utilized wild-type (WT) and TNF-α double-receptor knockout mice (DKO) in a closed-chest mouse model of myocardial ischemia (15 min) and reperfusion (3 h), in which there is no infarction. We demonstrate that a single brief period of I/R induces significant upregulation of the chemokines macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP) -1α, -1β, and -2 at both the mRNA and protein levels. This induction was independent of TNF-α, whereas levels of these chemokines were increased in both WT and DKO mice. Chemokine induction was seen predominantly in the endothelium of small veins and was accompanied by nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-κB and c-Jun (AP-1) in venular endothelium. Intravenous infusion of the oxygen radical scavenger N-2-mercaptopropionyl glycine (MPG) initiated 15 min before ischemia and maintained throughout reperfusion obviated chemokine induction, but MPG administration after reperfusion had begun had no effect. The results suggest that ROI generation in the reperfused myocardium rapidly induces C-C and C-X-C chemokines in the venular endothelium in the absence of infarction or irreversible cellular injury.
Potentiation of insulin-like growth factor (IGF) action by IGF-binding protein-3: studies of underlying mechanism

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

In this study we investigated the mechanism(s) by which insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) potentiates IGF-I action in cultured bovine fibroblasts. Preincubation of cells with glycosylated or nonglycosylated recombinant human IGFBP-3 enhanced responsiveness to IGF-I in a time-dependent manner. A preincubation period of at least 24 h with IGFBP-3 was required to see a significant effect. Pretreatment with IGFBP-3 for 72 h resulted in a 2- to 4-fold augmentation of IGF-I-stimulated [3H]aminoisobutyric acid uptake; IGFBP-3 had no effect on basal [3H]aminoisobutyric acid uptake. During the preincubation period, exogenous IGFBP-3 associated with the fibroblast surface and exhibited time-dependent processing to lower mol wt forms that retained the ability to bind radiolabeled IGF-I. Initial surface adherence (preincubation time of 24 h or less) was readily reversible. However, IGFBP-3, once processed, appeared to be closely associated with the cell. After 72 h of exposure to bovine fibroblasts, cell-associated IGFBP-3 had a 10-fold lower affinity for IGF-I compared to intact IGFBP-3 in solution. In addition, incubation of bovine fibroblasts with IGFBP-3 had modifying effects on type I IGF receptor-mediated signalling because 1) the bioeffectiveness of [Gln3,Ala4,Tyr15,Leu16]IGF-I and insulin, IGF-I receptor activators with little or no affinity for IGFBP-3, was potentiated by preincubation with IGFBP-3; and 2) fibroblast responsiveness to IGF-I analogs with different affinities for the type I IGF receptor was enhanced in direct relation to the ability of the peptide to bind to the receptor. There was no evidence for an increase in receptor number or affinity as a result of IGFBP-3 treatment. These data suggest that IGFBP-3 potentiation of IGF-I action in bovine fibroblasts may involve changes in IGFBP-3 and type I IGF receptor responsiveness. Thus, cell-associated IGFBP-3 may provide a mechanism for optimal presentation of IGF-I to its receptor as well as a means to heighten receptor reactivity to IGF-I and related peptides.
HARRODIAN INSTABILITY AND THE ‘NORMAL RATE’ OF CAPACITY UTILIZATION IN KALECKIAN MODELS OF DISTRIBUTION AND GROWTH—A SURVEY

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

ABSTRACT Starting from potential Harrodian instability in the Kaleckian distribution and growth model we survey Kaleckian reactions put forward to avoid or to cope with this instability. We show that, contrary to the position taken by the critics of the Kaleckian model, this model is capable of maintaining an endogenous rate of capacity utilization, the paradox of thrift and the paradox of costs in the long run, even if the problem of Harrodian instability arises. We conclude that Kaleckian models are more flexible than their Harrodian and Marxian critics suppose when attacking the simple textbook version.
Coronary Artery Disease in Women: Getting to Know Gender Related Disparities

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Coronary artery disease (CAD) and ischemic heart disease (IHD) are often indistinctly used terms. Both combined have generated, over the past years, concerns about sex disparities in their presentation. From an epidemiological perspective, females have several disadvantages regarding the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of CAD. Most of the general cardiovascular risk factors affect women more frequently, or with a higher morbidity and mortality association. Besides, atypical manifestations of the disease and uncommon forms of CAD represent a diagnostic challenge [...]
Raman amplifiers for new wavelength bands

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Summary from only given. Raman amplifiers now constitute a viable solution for long-haul and/or ultra-long-haul, large throughput WDM systems. The main benefit is low-noise, wide-band amplification over any spectral window within the low-loss region of optical fibers. Several transmission experiments have been reported illustrating these benefits. In addition,all Raman transmission experiments have been reported, resulting in very high performance with a high WDM density and a large transmission distance.
Book ReviewsFrontiers of Radiation Therapy and Oncology, Vol. 3. The Relationship of Time and Dose in the Radiation Therapy of Cancer (Proceedings of the Third Annual San Francisco Cancer Symposium, held October 20–21, 1967, at San Francisco). Ed. by VaethJ. M., pp. viii + 249, 114 illus., 1968 (Basel, S. Karger Ag.), £6 18s.; U.S. $16.55.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This book is well produced and less expensive than many similar reports of symposia. However, such meetings seem to be only partially successful and the papers published are of only limited value to the non-participant. At previous symposia, the relationship of time and dose appeared to be of fundamental importance and no complete solution was to be expected here.
On integration policies and schooling

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper proposes a reform for school allocation procedures in order to help integration policies reach their objective. For this purpose, we suggest the use of a natural two-step mechanism. The (stable) first step is introduced as an adaptation of the deferred-acceptance algorithm designed by Gale and Shapley (1962), when students are divided into two groups. The (efficient) second step captures the idea of exchanging places inherent to Gale’s Top Trading Cycle. This latter step could be useful for Municipal School Boards when implementing some integration policies.