jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Effects of self phase modulation of chirped pulses on compressed pulses

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The pre-pulse duration and contrast are very important in the ultra-high power CPA laser system. The effects of the self phase modulation(SPM) were simulated on the peak intensity, pre-pulse duration and contrast of the compressed pulse, when the chirped pulse duration was 141 ps, the chirp coefficient was 1 000 and the B-integral value was 0, 1 or 2. The results show that when the B-integral value is 2, the SPM causes the peak intensity of the compressed pulse to decrease to 65%, and the pulse duration and pre-pulse duration to increase to 200 % and 300% respectively. When the B-integral ranges from 0.5 to 2, an approximate linear formulation can be used to describe the relationship between the pre-pulse duration and the B-integral value.
CBmeter study: protocol for assessing the predictive value of peripheral chemoreceptor overactivation for metabolic diseases

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction Early screening of metabolic diseases is crucial since continued undiagnostic places an ever-increasing burden on healthcare systems. Recent studies suggest a link between overactivated carotid bodies (CB) and the genesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The non-invasive assessment of CB activity by measuring ventilatory, cardiac and metabolic responses to challenge tests may have predictive value for metabolic diseases; however, there are no commercially available devices that assess CB activity. The findings of the CBmeter study will clarify the role of the CBs in the genesis of—metabolic diseases and guide the development of new therapeutic approaches for early intervention in metabolic disturbances. Results may also contribute to patient classification and stratification for future CB modulatory interventions. Methods This is a non-randomised, multicentric, controlled clinical study. Forty participants (20 control and 20 diabetics) will be recruited from secondary and primary healthcare settings. The primary objective is to establish a new model of early diagnosis of metabolic diseases based on the respiratory and metabolic responses to transient 100% oxygen administration and ingestion of a standardised mixed meal. Analysis Raw data acquired with the CBmeter will be endorsed against gold standard techniques for heart rate, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation and interstitial glucose quantification and analysed a multivariate analysis software developed specifically for the CBmeter study (CBview). Data will be analysed using clustering analysis and artificial intelligence methods based on unsupervised learning algorithms, to establish the predictive value of diabetes diagnosis. Ethics The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Leiria Hospital Centre. Patients will be asked for written informed consent and data will be coded to ensure the anonymity of data. Dissemination Results will be disseminated through publication in peer-reviewed journals and relevant medical and health conferences.
Salt Iodization and Urinary Iodine Concentration Levels among Primary School Children in Mt. Elgon Sub-County, Kenya

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Aims: Iodine plays a key role in thyroid hormone production and functioning. Inadequate iodine intake results in iodine deficiency (ID) which impairs the normal functioning of the thyroid. The deficiency is responsible for damage to brain development, growth retardation, cretinism, and thyroid dysfunction. Millions of people have been condemned to a life of few prospects and continued underdevelopment due to ID. The study was conducted to assess iodine status among primary school children in the Mt. Elgon region and the impact of salt iodization on this status. Study Design: A school-based cross-sectional descriptive study to assess iodine status among primary school children was employed in the study. Study Area and Duration: The study was carried out in Kenya, Bungoma County, Mount Elgon Sub-County. The study period was between 27th November 2018 and 26th November 2019. Methodology: Healthy primary school children aged 6 to 12 years who met the inclusion criteria were included in the study. Spot urine samples were collected in schools, while water samples were collected from different water sources. Salt was collected from households (HH) and at distribution outlets. The Sandell Kolthoff reaction was used to analyse urine and water samples while salt was analysed using iodometric titration. Results: The median urinary iodine concentration (UIC) was 200.7 µg/l. Out of which 0.55% were severely deficient, 5.25% moderately deficient, 18.23% with a mild deficiency, 25.69% had adequate iodine levels, 22.38% had more than adequate, and 27.90% had excess iodine levels. Household and salt samples from different distribution outlets that conformed to set standards of iodization were 49.4% and 63.64%, respectively. Iodine was not detected in all the water samples collected. Conclusion: The study population was found to have adequate iodine based on the median UIC of 200.7 µg/l. However, there was a coexistence of both deficiency and excessive UIC and salt iodization within the population. No iodine was detected in the water samples in the region.
Chapter 8 Urban disaster risk management in Kathmandu

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Nepal's urban population is estimated to be around 15 percent. This is a tremendous increment considering that the urban population some 50 years back was just around 3 percent. The rapid increase in urban population in the last five decades has resulted in unplanned and haphazard urban growth. Urbanization causes a shift in employment, from the agricultural sector to the nonagricultural sector. However, in Nepal, despite the increase in the urban population, the economy is still largely dictated by the agricultural sector. Urbanization is creating and adding new risks to the existing risks from natural hazards such as earthquakes, landslides, and flooding. Building a culture of safety is the key to building resilience of communities to disasters and the involvement of the community in managing risks is instrumental in reducing the adverse impacts of these disasters. Public awareness in dealing with disasters and in responding to emergency situations can save a great number of lives.
The Design and Application of DNA-Editing Enzymes as Base Editors

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

DNA-editing enzymes perform chemical reactions on DNA nucleobases. These reactions can change the genetic identity of the modified base or modulate gene expression. Interest in DNA-editing enzymes has burgeoned in recent years due to the advent of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat-associated (CRISPR-Cas) systems, which can be used to direct their DNA-editing activity to specific genomic loci of interest. In this review, we showcase DNA-editing enzymes that have been repurposed or redesigned and developed into programmable base editors. These include deaminases, glycosylases, methyltransferases, and demethylases. We highlight the astounding degree to which these enzymes have been redesigned, evolved, and refined and present these collective engineering efforts as a paragon for future efforts to repurpose and engineer other families of enzymes. Collectively, base editors derived from these DNA-editing enzymes facilitate programmable point mutation introduction and gene expression modulation by targeted chemical modification of nucleobases.
Experimental study on the separation of the strap type connection unlocking mechanism

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The strap type connection mechanism is widely used in star arrow connections due to its high reliability. The article analyzes the separation test characteristics of the star arrow belt type connection unlocking mechanism, proposes three separation test methods, and analyzes and compares their advantages and disadvantages. A separation test scheme design and experimental verification were carried out for the belt type connection mechanism of a certain satellite, and a test scheme and method suitable for complex separation surfaces and requiring precise measurement of separation speed, attitude, and other parameters were summarized.
A Case of Pediatric-Type Follicular Lymphoma of Unilateral Tonsil

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Follicular lymphoma is a characteristic clinicopathologic term of centrioles and centroblasts of germinal center B cell origin. Pediatric follicular lymphoma is a variant type of follicular lymphoma in children. Unlike follicular lymphoma, pediatric follicular lymphoma is an indolent lymphoma that rarely recurs and progresses to other organs, but has no clear diagnostic criteria. The authors report and review a case of pediatric follicular lymphoma diagnosed by tonsillectomy for recurrent tonsillitis. (J Clinical Otolaryngol 2021;32:291-295)
Acquisition of PID gain tuning rules for hot strip looper control

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The intervention of human is unavoidable to attain high performance of electro mechanical system. Therefore, the methods and systems that have a technical substitution of expert's skilled technique, teaching and assisting the inexperienced workers are needed in industry. In this study, PID control system of a hot strip looper control system is treated. In hot strip looper control system, control parameters are to be optimized according to the rolling material, because control dynamics are greatly influenced by rolling conditions. We aimed to develop decision-making support rules to model experts based on decision-making and learning hypotheses. As the decision-making support rules like experts, a fuzzy classifier system is used. A fuzzy classifier system can generate the plural rules and select the available rules. IF-THEN expression based on fuzzy theory is used for the representation of decision-making rules.
Imaging modalities to detect and track cancer treatment-related cardiovascular dysfunction

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Advances in cancer treatments have led to an increase in the number of cancer survivors, but also high rates of short-and long-term cardiovascular (CV) toxicities.The number of new cancer drugs is constantly increasing, and the increasing incidence of toxicities of these drugs make long-term care and monitoring difficult.Moreover, traditional type I and type II cardiotoxicities may not be applicable to all of these agents.Multidisciplinary care with expertise in oncology, cardiology and other related specialties is required to mitigate cancer therapeutics-related cardiovascular dysfunction (CTRCD).Accordingly, CTRCD should include all kinds of toxic/side effects affecting the CV system, including hypertension, endothelial and vascular dysfunction, accelerated atherosclerosis, thrombosis and bleeding, pulmonary hypertension, pericardial disease, QT prolongation, conduction disease/arrhythmias, as well as radiationinduced CV disease (CVD).This study reviews the currently recommended imaging modalities including advanced echocardiographic parameters including global longitudinal strain (GLS), left atrial strain (LAS), fast strain encoded cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging (fast-SENC) and T1 and T2 mapping, myocardial 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake in heart positron emission tomography (PET) and computed tomography coronary angiography for risk assessment, detection and early diagnosis of CTRCD.Experts in cardiology, oncology, hematology, and radio-oncology must work together closely to foster patient awareness and further research in this field.
Assessing Machine Learning versus Mathematical Modeling to Estimate the Transverse Shear Stress Distribution in a Rectangular Channel

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

One of the most important subjects of hydraulic engineering is the reliable estimation of the transverse distribution in rectangular channel of bed and wall shear stresses. This study makes use of the Tsallis entropy, Genetic Programming (GP) and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) methods to assess the shear stress distribution (SSD) in rectangular channel. To evaluate the results of the Tsallis entropy, GP and ANFIS models, laboratory observations were used in which shear stress was measured using an optimized Preston tube. This is then used to measure the SSD in various aspect ratios in the rectangular channel. To investigate the shear stress percentage, 10 data series with a total of 112 different data for were used. The results of the sensitivity analysis show that the most influential parameter for the SSD in smooth rectangular channel is the di-mensionless parameter B/H, Where the transverse co-ordinate is B, and the flow depth is H. With the parameters (b/B), (B/H) for the bed and (z/H), (B/H) for the wall as inputs, the modeling of the GP was better than the other one. Based on the analysis, it can be concluded that the use of GP and ANFIS algorithms is more effective in estimating shear stress in smooth rectangular channels than the Tsallis entropy-based equations.
Situational Impulsive and Compulsive Online Purchase of Fashion Products in Generation Z

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This study investigates the situational factors influencing impulsive and compulsive online purchases of fashion products among Generation Z. The findings indicate that financial management has a negative and significant effect on impulsive buying, meaning that better financial management reduces the likelihood of impulsive purchases. On the other hand, materialism and socioeconomic status positively and significantly affect impulsive buying, showing that stronger materialistic traits and higher socioeconomic status increase unplanned purchasing behavior. Time affluence demonstrates a positive but insignificant effect, suggesting that having ample time does not necessarily influence impulsive buying decisions. Additionally, impulsive buying is found to have a positive and significant impact on compulsive buying, indicating that unplanned purchases, combined with emotional attachment to fashion products, escalate into compulsive buying behavior. The study's limitations include a focus solely on Generation Z and fashion products purchased online, which restricts its generalizability to other generations and product categories. These findings offer valuable insights into understanding and managing impulsive and compulsive buying behaviors in the online fashion retail context.
The treatment of metastatic breast cancer in bone.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The author report clinical experience with 212 cases of mammary cancer metastatic to bone, in 186 of which radiotherapy was given, and in 26 steroid hormone therapy. At least 70 per cent of patients with bone metastasis from breast cancer were relieved of pain by adequate roentgen therapy, the relief lasting for most of the survival time in many instances. About 25 per cent of patients had recalcification or reossification of bony lesions with roentgen therapy; while dramatic, this is not always an indication that relief of pain will continue or that survival time will be lengthened. If and when adequate radiotherapy has not been effective or cannot be administered (for example, in a patient with extremely widespread metastasis, or one residing at a considerable distance from radiotherapeutic service) steroid hormone therapy in adequate dosage is frequently beneficial. From 40 per cent to 75 per cent of patients with bone metastases from breast cancer are relieved of pain by steroid hormone therapy. In about 15 per cent of cases recalcification of the lesion occurs. Effective roentgen therapy may usually be given in a relatively brief period of time (one to two weeks). Effective steroid hormone therapy usually requires from 12 to 24 weeks. Complications of steroid hormone therapy are numerous. Some patients are made considerably worse by such therapy. These complications may only be controlled by reduction or discontinuation of the hormones. For this reason, it is recommended that irradiation always be used as the initial method of palliation.
Multi-period remains from the Beaulieu Minerals Extraction Site (Site 1), Beaulieu, Chelmsford: PXA and UPD

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Oxford Archaeology East carried out an open area excavation within the Beaulieu Minerals Extraction Site (Site 1), Beaulieu, Chelmsford ahead of the winning of sand and gravels as part of the Beaulieu Minerals Extraction scheme (Planning Ref. ESS/21/12/CHL). The works were carried out between the 23/9/15 and 4/02/16 and revealed a sequence of archaeological deposits spanning the Early Bronze Age to post-medieval periods.
Evidence for prehistoric activity included three Early Bronze Age pits in Areas 1B and 1C that may have been the remnants of cremations, although this was not conclusive and they may have represented domestic activity. An Early Iron Age post-built structure interpreted as a possible grain store was recorded in Area 1B. During the Middle Iron Age an unenclosed settlement was established in Area 1A that consisted of a roundhouse, a post-built structure and two ovens, a possible stock enclosure and numerous pits and postholes. Subsequently a Late Iron Age roundhouse within a sub-rectangular enclosure were set out in this area. The Early Roman period was represented by rectangular structures with associated cobbled surfaces and a small oven in Area 1C and a trackway to the north-east, in Area 1B.
Two areas of 12th to 14th century occupation were identified in Areas 1A and 1C. In Area 1C this comprised a rectangular enclosure encompassing a rectangular building. In the north-east of Area 1A, a small building was recorded in association with intercutting cess pits and a hollow filled by midden material.
By the transitional medieval period several brick filled gullies had been laid out. In the main these comprised gullies backfilled with broken brick fragments that followed the alignments of pre-existing medieval boundary ditches. These probably formed the foundations for creating visible barriers within the deer park landscape. A smaller number of more regularly constructed, brick-filled features possibly represented the foundations for small buildings.
Three post medieval ring ditches spaced across the excavation were most likely tree stands within a formal or managed garden.
Pharmacognostic, phytochemical and pharmacological aspects of Rosa x damascena Herrm. Georgian cultivar

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Rosa x damascena Herrm. represents one of the most popular and important plants of the Rosaceae family. For ages, rose oil, rose water and extracts from its flowers were used in perfumery, cosmetics, aromatherapy, and medicine due to diverse pharmacological efficacy. Nowadays, special attention is paid to the valorization of wastes from the rose oil industry in order to fully recover potent biologically active compounds. The present study describes in detail the microstructural features of the flower petals and provides data on chemical composition and biological potency of the aqueous extract of rose oil waste from the R. damascena Georgian cultivar. Up to 25 constituents were detected by HPLC-MS in the extract, and the content of total flavonoids in the extract reaches 2.29%. Amongst them hyperoside is dominating, which content is not less than 1%. Pharmacological evaluation of the extract on "Hot plate" and carrageenan-induced oedema models in mice revealed analgesic (42%) and anti-inflammatory (67%) effects of the extract. As well, the extract revealed antiplasmodial activity against Plasmodium falciparum (3D7) strain (IC50 =20.31 µg/mL)
CRIMINAL-LEGAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CRIMES AGAINST LIFE AND HEALTH IN COMMON LAW OF DON COSSACKS

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The article examines the criminal law issues of protecting human life and health as an integral part of the history of criminal law, coupled with theoretical and historical legal sciences. The authors consider the types and content of illegal acts, expressed in causing harm to human life and health, criminalized in the customary law of the Don Cossacks. The use of customs to regulate criminal law relations is a universal practice for early feudal states, such as Ancient Russia, as well as regional - for the Russian Empire. As a result, the authors conclude that historical and legal methodology is widely used in the formation of modern criminal law and that legal reception from foreign legislation is of secondary importance. At the same time, attention is drawn to the fact that the history of criminal law is currently considered an integral part of the criminal law sciences.
Human monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibodies as an epitope vaccine against pancreatic carcinoma.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

During therapeutic repetitive application of MAb BW 494 in pancreatic carcinoma patients, a human IgG anti MAb BW 494 response arose, which was analyzed on the B cell clonal level as well as in the serum of these patients 2-4 months after treatment. From 5 investigated patients 3 developed a polyclonal human IgG anti-idiotypic response in the serum and had B cells with the same specificity which could be immortalized by EBV transformation. Two out of 5 patients showed an anti-idiotypic and anti-isotypic polyclonal response which could be found on the B cell clonal level as well. The data indicated that the human IgG anti MAb BW 494 response was mainly anti-idiotypic.
Scenes of precarity: Conditions, dynamics and challenges for the post-pandemic future of cultural labour in Argentina

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Creative industries are often promoted as key for economic, social and cultural development, particularly in countries of the Global South. In Argentina, the impact of the pandemic nurtured cultural workers’ organization and collective action, which brought to public attention the precarious conditions of cultural labor, and brought into question the centrality of individual and private initiatives known as ‘culturepreneurship’ within culture production. This article discusses the issue through an approach to cultural labor in general, and theatre and live music in particular, based on interviews and focus groups with 23 cultural workers in the Buenos Aires Metropolitan Area. We argue that cultural labor precarity presents a specific set of characteristics that are not only material but also related to its symbolic and subjective character, which public policy makers and cultural workers themselves need to consider in order to improve these conditions in the post-pandemic period.
Electronic Properties of Semiconducting Nanowires: A Comparative Study

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The presented work has explored the comparative study of electronic properties of semi conducting nanowires of different materials. These nanowires have critical role in photovoltaic and it shapes the future of new and renewable energy. The study has been performed for different shapes of nanowires. The various shapes under consideration are 2-atom Linear Nanowire, 2-atom Zigzag Nanowire, 4-atom Square Nanowire and 6-atom Hexagonal Nanowire. The findings for electronic properties reveal that 2-atom linear wire can be conducting as well semi conducting, 2-atom zigzag wire is conducting for almost all materials, 4-atom square wire is insulating for most of the materials while 6-atom hexagonal wire has come out to be insulating for all materials. Hence a semiconducting material shows conducting, semiconducting and insulating behavior depending on the proposed shape for various materials.