jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The BEACON Study: Protocol for a cohort study as part of an evaluation of the effectiveness of smartphone-assisted problem-solving therapy in men who present with intentional self-harm to Emergency Departments in Ontario

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract

Background: Patients who present to Emergency Departments (ED) after intentional self-harm are at an increased risk of dying by suicide. This applies particularly to men, who represent nearly two-thirds of those who die by suicide in Ontario. One way of potentially addressing this gap is to offer a course of blended problem-solving therapy (PST), comprised of a brief course of evidence-based psychotherapy for individuals at-risk for suicide, facilitated by the use of a patient-facing smartphone application and a clinician-facing “dashboard”. This approach has the potential to combine the benefits of face to face therapy and technology to create a novel intervention. Methods: This is a cohort study, nested within a larger pragmatic multicentre pre- and post-design cluster randomized trial (cRCT). Suicidal ideas assessed by the Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation (BSS) is the primary outcome variable. Secondary outcome measures include: depression (PHQ-9); anxiety (GAD-7); PTSD (PC-PTSD); health-related quality of life (EQ-5D-5L); meaning in life (EMIL); perceived social supports (MSPSS); alcohol use (AUDIT); drug use (DAST-10); problem-solving skills (SPSI-R:S); self-reported health care costs; and, health service use measured using Ontario administrative health data. A process evaluation will also be conducted following study completion. Discussion: The cohort study will test whether better adherence to the intervention results in better outcomes. The value of the cohort study design is that we can examine in more detail certain sub-groups or other variables that are not available in the larger cluster randomised trial. This trial will aim to improve standards by informing best practice in management of men who self-harm and present to hospitals in Ontario. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03473535, Registered on March 22, 2018, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03473535
Cognition as expression: On the autopoietic foundations of an aesthetic theory of nature

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This paper attempts to put forward an aesthetic theory of nature based on a biosemiotic description of the living, which in turn is derived from an autopoietic theory of organism (p. Varela). An autopoietic system's reaction to material constraints is the unfolding of a dimension of meaning. In the outward Gestalt of autopoietic systems, meaning appears as fonn, and as such it reveals itself in a sensually graspable manner. The mode of being of organisms has an irreducible aesthetic side in which this mode of being becomes visible. Nature thus displays a kind of transparency of its own functioning: in a nondiscursive way organisms show traces of their conditio vitae through their material self-presentation. Living beings hence always show a basic level of expressiveness as a necessary component of their organic mode of being. This is called the ecstatic dimension of nature (G. Böhme, R. Corrington). Autopoiesis in its full consequence then amounts to a view reminding of Paracelsus' idea of the signatura rerum (c. Glacken, H. Böhme): nature is transparent, not because it is organized digitally as a linguistic text or code, but rather because it displays analogically the kind of intentionality engendered by autopoiesis. Nature as a whole, as «living fonn" (S. Langer), is a symbol for organic intentionality. The most fundamental meaning of nature protection thus is to guarantee the «real presence" of our soul.
“Don’t look down on us”

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Purpose Although some research has been done with entertainment workers in KTV bars, little has been done to gain a qualitative understanding of the vulnerabilities of masseuse women. This is due to a prevalent focus on girls under 18 years, thereby excluding most masseuses. The purpose of this paper is to understand the reality of life as perceived by Phnom Penh’s female masseuses in the lower-priced massage parlors is therefore largely unknown. Design/methodology/approach In total, 98 female participants completed an interview answering both open and closed questions concerning relationships, stigma and discrimination and personal sexual abuse among other topics. Findings This study finds that many women working in the massage parlor industry are vulnerable to various threats, including sexual exploitation and abuse. Dependency structures within the massage parlor as well as with their families seem to play a key role in the life situations that can be positive as well as negative, and in some cases both. Research limitations/implications This is not a prevalence study so all figures are tentative. The women were deeply concerned that they might be stigmatized further so they may not have revealed the extent of their challenges. Practical implications More research and work with this vulnerable group is vital. They should be recognized as a vulnerable group who have rights. Social implications The findings provide a baseline evaluation of the vulnerable conditions of the massage industry for women in Cambodia. Specifically, that stigma, discrimination, physical and sexual abuse, as well as a lack of access to education are all vulnerabilities not commonly covered, especially with adult women working in the entertainment industry. Originality/value Understanding the reality of life as perceived by Phnom Penh’s female masseuses in the lower-priced massage parlors is therefore largely unknown so a study of this kind is necessary.
Increasing Proportion of High-risk Cytomegalovirus Donor-positive/Recipient-negative Serostatus in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) donor-positive/recipient-negative (D+R–) serostatus is independently associated with worse allograft and patient survival across solid organ transplant (SOT) types. We characterized trends in CMV D+R– serostatus among adult SOT recipients performed in the United States. Methods. Donor (D) and recipient (R) CMV serostatus and demographic factors were obtained from the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients for persons ≥18 y undergoing a first SOT between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2020. The proportions of D+R– SOTs over time were assessed using Chi square for trend and modeled through 2040. Factors associated with D/R seropositivity were assessed using logistic models. Results. Among 472 549 SOTs, the average proportion of D+R– SOTs increased significantly among kidney, liver, heart, and lung between 2000 to 2009 and 2010 to 2020: 18.0% to 18.3% ( P = 0.034), 19.4% to 21.8% ( P < 0.001), 22.2% to 25.5% ( P < 0.001), and 23.6% to 27.0% ( P < 0.001), respectively. The increased proportion over time resulted from a disproportionate increase in R– (34.9% to 37.0% for all organ types, P < 0.001) and a smaller corresponding change in D+ (60.8% to 60.3%, P < 0.001). Conclusions. The proportion of high-risk CMV D+R– SOTs increased significantly across all organs and is projected to continue to increase. These findings inform population-level strategies to mitigate the negative impact of CMV D+R– in SOT.
Self-esteem, locus of control, and career aspirations of college-age siblings of individuals with disabilities

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This investigation assessed the differences among self-esteem, locus of control, and career aspirations of college-age siblings of individuals with disabilities (sibling-Ds) and classmates who had nondisabled siblings (sibling-Ns). This study also determined whether variables such as gender, gender compatibility, ordinal position, family socioeconomic status, and type of disability influenced sibling-Ds' self-esteem, locus of control, and career aspirations. A quasi-experimental field study compared the perceptions of 30 sibling-Ds and 30 randomly selected sibling-Ns. A comprehensive four-part questionnaire was developed that included questions about demographic characteristics, self-esteem, internal versus external locus of control, and advantages and disadvantages of growing up with a sibling who has a disability. Although sibling-Ds and sibling-Ns reported similar levels of self-esteem, sibling-Ds demonstrated significantly higher levels of internal locus of control. These findings support positively oriented literature, thus providing families with a child with a disability hope that their situation may have long-term benefits for all members.
Talk about the Campus Cultural Construction of the Normal Colleges and schools

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This text thinks that the campus culture of normal colleges and schools is in this space of campus of normal colleges and schools, teachers, students, administrative personnel and workers practise and study the culture created together in the activity in educational teaching, carry on the discussion from the professional lines , opening , three respects of practicality of the campus culture of the normal colleges and schools, and has pointed out the deficiency realized to the campus culture of normal colleges and schools. Have proposed that the train of thought of the campus cultural construction of normal colleges and schools, namely pursue the edifying of the premium material environment, pay attention to harmonious psychological construction of environment, is it perfect institutional culture live and enliven normal colleges and schools corporation and activity culture to insist on.
Release of the Joule heat upon passage of the electric current in nanostructures (a review)

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The generation of the Joule heat upon collisionless passage of the direct and alternating electric currents in semiconductor quantum wires connecting two classical reservoirs has been discussed. The transverse dimension of the quantum wire is of the order of the de Broglie wavelength of conduction electrons. The spatial distribution of the Joule heat has been considered. The heat is released in the reservoirs at a distance of the electron mean free path. The total production of the Joule heat has been found to be identical in both reservoirs.
Frontotemporal Dementia and the Reactive Attitudes: Two Roles for the Capacity to Care?

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract People who have a particular behavioural variant of Frontotemporal Dementia (bvFTD) suffer from a puzzling early set of symptoms. They appear to caregivers to cease to care about things that they did before, without manifesting certain other significant deficits that might be expected to accompany this change. Are subjects with bvFTD appropriate objects of reactive attitudes like resentment and indignation that seem to presuppose responsible agency? I explore two possible routes to answering this question in the negative that both appeal to the role of the capacity to care in accounts of responsible agency. The first appeals to the capacity to care as fundamental in determining the aptness of moral demands and appraisals; the second appeals to the capacity to care as required for the very possibility of being someone who could in principle receive deserved praise or blame. In order to assess these lines of reasoning, it will be necessary to settle on a plausible account of caring, and the case of subjects with bvFTD can help in illuminating the relevant capacities. I suggest that the two routes, when clarified, are promising, but that interesting questions about the nature of desert and its relationship to caring remain open.
A decision-level data fusion based multiuser detection method for DS-UWB systems

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, the decision-level data fusion techniques are extended to the multiuser detection (MUD) field. Then a novel MUD algorithm that is the combine application decision-level fusion criterion (CA-DFC) based MUD algorithm is proposed for DS-UWB communication systems. In CA-DFC based method, the combine detectors can make decisions among the preliminary decisions from sub-optimal detectors by a special rule. Simulation results demonstrate that the performances of CA-DFC based MUD algorithms are superior to those of other sub-optimal MUD algorithms, and even close to that of OMD. Moreover, the proposed algorithm have lower computational complexity than OMD, which reveals their efficiency. Compared with CA-DFC based algorithm achieves a little improvement in its performance, at the cost of the increment in its computational complexity. Thus, they can be applied to different practical situations.
Reforming primary education in Pakistan in the interest of U.S. national security

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Thesis (M.A.L.S.)--Georgetown University, 2009.; Includes bibliographical
references.; Text (Electronic thesis) in PDF format. This thesis analyzes the failures of
Pakistan's educational system and proposes concrete measures to reform it, drawing on local
models that have proven successful. Specifically, it seeks to determine a link between U.S.
security and a functional primary education system in the state of Pakistan. UNICEF and other
global human rights institutions show that educating girls is one of the most lasting ways to
increase stability, prosperity, and peace. When girls have the opportunity to obtain an
education, their standard of living rises and their families have a better chance of escaping
the cycle of poverty. There is a concern within the U.S. that the growing threat of terrorism
is being bred among the villages in Pakistan where both education and employment opportunities
are non-existent.; The education system in Pakistan is unregulated, underfunded and in need of
a complete overhaul. Pakistan has consistently spent less than 2% GDP on education, less than
any developed nation outside of Africa. That combined with an exploding population has created
an environment rich with uneducated and unemployed youth, who are currently being recruited
into the anti-American insurgency known as the Taliban.; U.S. interests in Pakistan have
fluctuated and have primarily been based upon military strategy in surrounding countries.
After the terrorist attacks in the U.S. on September 11, 2001, the U.S. began providing
millions of dollars in unaccounted for financial aid without any apparent benefit. More recent
legislation regarding U.S. aid to Pakistan included the House Resolution PEACE Act 2009
provides aid to Pakistan with some directed at improving the education system, but previous
efforts at reforming the education system have failed.; There are small scale success stories
of individuals or small groups instituting change from the grassroots, including the Central
Asia Institute, The Citizens Foundation and the National Solidarity Program. These programs
adapt change from the local level, sidestepping the corrupt infrastructure of the Pakistani
government and have proven successful. These groups are providing opportunities to children
where the government of Pakistan had failed to offer any.; The U.S. government must use
caution in attempting to intervene in Pakistan's internal governing, but there are several
possible actions the U.S. can implement to build on the successes of the grassroots
organizations on a large scale and redefine the standards of education from the ground up. It
is in the interest of U.S. security to contribute to the improvement of Pakistan's education
system. The thesis concludes with some obstacles and challenges the U.S. can expect in working
with the Pakistani government to implement changes.
Modeling recycled aggregate concrete crack by extended finite element method and concrete damage plasiticity

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Crushing concrete to bring the aggregates back to be used for concrete structures is a process of creating recycled aggregate (RA). Recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) has become increasingly important in the field of construction. The use of recycled aggregate concrete made from recycled aggregate in civil engineering construction projects such as highways will provide both economic and environmental benefits in the near future. Achieving environmental sustainability will enable the Earth’s construction materials to support our future generations. Unfortunately, massive usage of RAC in the USA is not satisfying, even through the aging transportation infrastructure will inevitably produce tremendous amounts of waste concrete. Concrete structures or pavements generally suffer from the crack problem. The morphology and growth process of cracks, most importantly, how these factors affect the concrete structure, is of great significance. The study of RAC is thus considerably needed to encourage the application of RAC. Crack modeling may lead to improved recycled aggregate concrete. In this work, extended finite element approach and concrete damage plasticity material models are employed to predict the failure of recycled aggregate concrete. The recycled aggregate concrete was modeled based on a realistic concrete model with randomly distributed recycled aggregates. The arbitrary shapes of aggregates, and the new and old interfacial transition zones are constructed by using Fourier series. Recycled aggregate concrete models with or without initial crack are investigated. Results of using an extended finite element with both linear elastic fracture mechanics and cohesive segment approaches are discussed as well.
The Impact of Social Media on Business Performance of Women Entrepreneurs and their Empowerment: A Mixed Methods Study in the Context of Sri Lanka

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The impact of social media on business performance of women entrepreneurs and their empowerment is examined in this research. Focusing on Sri Lanka, two research questions are addressed: (1) How are social media platforms empowering women entrepreneurs in Sri Lanka today, and (2) How can the use of social media be improved to support women entrepreneurs in Sri Lanka? A mixed-methods approach was used, with a survey (157 responses) and an online focus group (5 respondents) discussion. The statistical findings showed that business performance of women entrepreneurs mediates the relationship between use of social media and women’s empowerment. Qualitative analysis revealed that the use of social media transforms mindsets, facilitates knowledge sharing, provides motivation, supports business operations, promotes gender-neutral branding, and enables networking for women entrepreneurs in Sri Lanka to enhance the performance of their businesses, leading to empowerment. To enhance support, social media platforms should prioritize motivation, targeted networking, professional courses, and robust security measures.
Design and Optimization of a Control Framework for Robot Assisted Additive Manufacturing Based on the Stewart Platform

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Additive manufacturing, also known as 3D printing, is an emerging technology. The existing additive manufacturing technologies deploy a 3-axis printing mechanism where the material accumulation grows only in the z-direction. This results in limited printing freedom. Apart from this, support structures are needed to print overhang structures. Removal of these supports ultimately reduces print quality. This paper proposes a novel robot-assisted additive manufacturing along with a control system framework, which possesses multi-directional printing without support structures. Taking the advantage of its high stiffness and high payload-to-weight ratio, a 6-degree of freedom Stewart platform manipulator is designed to substitute the printer build plate. The kinematics and dynamics of the manipulator is formulated. Then, an extended proportion-derivation sliding mode controller is designed for trajectory tracking. The modified grey wolf optimization algorithm is applied to compute the optimal controller parameters. The integral absolute error (IAE) is used as a cost function and its minimum value is reached in the iteration interval [75,100]. The analytical model simulation in MATLAB is run for 10 seconds, and the results show that the desired length trajectories of the six legs of the manipulator are achieved after 3.5 seconds. The performance of the analytical model is verified on the automated dynamic analysis of mechanical systems (ADAMS).
Hard Hearts and Open Minds? Governance, Identity, and Counterinsurgency Strategy

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The premise of most Western thinking on counterinsurgency is that success depends on establishing a perception of legitimacy among local populations. The path to legitimacy is often seen as the improvement of governance in the form of effective and efficient administration of government and public services. However, good governance is not the only basis for claims to legitimacy, especially in environments where ethnic or religious identities are politically salient. This paper raises new questions about the roles of governance and ethnic identities in counterinsurgencies and builds a conceptual and methodological foundation for future research on those questions.
Evidence for the helicity barrier from measurements of the turbulence transition range in the solar wind

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The means by which the turbulent cascade of energy is dissipated in the solar wind, and in other astrophysical systems, is a major open question. It has recently been proposed that a barrier to the transfer of energy can develop at small scales, which can enable heating through ion-cyclotron resonance, under conditions applicable to regions of the solar wind. Such a scenario fundamentally diverges from the standard picture of turbulence, where the energy cascade proceeds unimpeded until it is dissipated. Here, using data from NASA's Parker Solar Probe, we find that the shape of the magnetic energy spectrum around the ion gyroradius varies with solar wind parameters in a manner consistent with the presence of such a barrier. This allows us to identify critical values of some of the parameters necessary for the barrier to form; we show that the barrier appears fully developed for ion plasma beta of below $\simeq0.5$ and becomes increasingly prominent with imbalance for normalised cross helicity values greater than $\simeq0.4$. As these conditions are frequently met in the solar wind, particularly close to the Sun, our results suggest that the barrier is likely playing a significant role in turbulent dissipation in the solar wind and so is an important mechanism in explaining its heating and acceleration.
Wideband transmit beamforming using integer‐time‐delayed and phase‐shifted waveforms

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A method for wideband transmit beamforming using integer‐time‐delayed and phase‐shifted waveforms is proposed. Unlike traditional true‐time‐delayed digital methods, which employ variable fractional delay filters or discrete Fourier transforms to create fractional time delays, the proposed method uses only integer‐time‐delayed waveforms with phase shifts corresponding to fractional time delays. Furthermore, the shifted phase can be directly generated; this generation can be simply achieved by controlling the parameters of a direct digital synthesiser. A beam pattern simulation confirms that the integer‐time‐delayed and phase‐shifted waveforms are capable of synthesising wideband transmitting beam patterns. Finally, a power synthesis efficiency analysis demonstrates that the synthesis loss caused by phase shifting is negligible.
S-ROM modular arthroplasty combined with transverse subtrochanteric shortening for Crowe type IV congenital dislocation of hip.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

S-ROM modular hip arthroplasty combined with transverse subtrochanteric shortening was a satisfactory and safe technique for the Crowe type IV congenital hip dislocation within a mean follow up of 53 months. Transverse subtrochanteric shortening could effectively prevent the distraction injury of sciatic nerve.