jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Chronic Health Condition Influences on Client Perceptions of Limited or Non-choice Food Pantries in Low-income, Rural Communities

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objectives: Food insecurity and diet-related chronic health conditions are interrelated problems in rural communities. The population facing such outcomes may rely on food pantries as a way to gain access to food. Many food pantries use a traditional distribution model that restricts choice. Yet, dietary recommendations and the need to economize food resources place many challenges on households. In this research, we sought to determine whether clients self-reporting chronic health conditions in their households have unique perceptions about food pantries and their ability to meet needs. Methods: We surveyed clients (N = 612) of limited or non-choice rural pantries, each representing a unique household. We classified clients into 3 groups: no chronic condition; one chronic condition or more, but no diabetes; one chronic condition or more including diabetes. We compared group perceptions of pantries. Results: All conditions desired more choice, and more preference for certain food groups such as produce and dairy. Clients with chronic conditions and diabetes in their household had a greater percentage of negative comments about the choices offered and were less comfortable talking to volunteers. Conclusions: Rural pantries may serve clients with chronic health conditions by offering client choice and by engaging with them regarding needs and preferences.
Nanoparticle-Mediated Stabilization of a Thin Polymer\nBilayer

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

We show that an unstable thin polymer\nbilayer comprising a polystyrene\n(PS) top and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) bottom layer remains completely\nstable on a non-wettable, hydrophobized silicon wafer substrate, even\nafter 600 h of thermal annealing at a temperature that is higher than\nthe glass transition temperature (<i>T</i><sub>G</sub>)\nof both the polymers, when thiol-capped gold nanoparticles (AuNPs)\nare added only to the PS top layer at a concentration (<i>C</i><sub>NP</sub>) ≈ 10.0% (wt. of NP/wt. of polymer). We also\nshow that in films with <i>C</i><sub>NP</sub> as low as\n2.5%, the bottom PMMA layer becomes completely stabilized while the\ntop PS layer undergoes partial dewetting, the extent of which progressively\nreduces with an increase in <i>C</i><sub>NP</sub>. X-ray\nreflectivity (XRR) studies reveal that the AuNPs added to the top\nPS layer migrates toward the film–substrate interface within\na few minutes of thermal annealing, imparting stability to the bottom\nPMMA layer. On the other hand, in films with a higher <i>C</i><sub>NP</sub> ≈ 10.0%, particles are also seen to accumulate\nin the vicinity of the free surface, in addition to the film–substrate\ninterface, resulting in complete stabilization of the bilayer. The\nextracted electron density profile from XRR shows that the AuNPs accumulate\nboth at the free surface as well as at the film–substrate interfaces.\nGrazing incidence small-angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS) suggests the\nformation of an in-plane ordering of Au–polymer–Au clusters\nat the polymer–air and polymer–substrate interfaces\nwith thermal annealing, which plays a pivotal role in arresting the\ndewetting of the bilayer by strengthening the interfaces. The novelty\nof the technique reported here lies in complete stabilization of an\nunstable bilayer by adding particles only to the top layer. This technique\nis likely to be helpful in obtaining stable multicomponent ultrathin\nfilms even on non-wettable surfaces.
[Germination of phytopathogenic fungi conidia].

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The autoregulation of conidium germination in phytopathogenic micromycetes of the genera Fusarium, Botrytis, and Bipolaris was studied. It was shown that Trichoderma longibrachiatum was less competitive than Fusarium oxysporum after their simultaneous inoculation but inhibited the phytopathogen growth in the case of earlier introduction. In the latter case, no autoinhibition of the germination of F. oxysporum conidia occurred; moreover, cooperative effect was observed, i.e., the number of germinated F. oxysporum conidia increased with an increase in their density.
32 Outcomes of PCI in mechanically-ventilated survivors of cardiac arrest: the view from wales

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<sec><st>Background</st> Whether to subject comatose survivors of cardiac arrest to cardiac catheterisation is a difficult question. ST-segment elevation (STE) is absent in 20% of proven STEMIs while concerns about long-term outcomes can inhibit invasive strategies. </sec> <sec><st>Methods</st> We identified in the cath lab databases of the 2 Welsh tertiary centres those patients who arrived on respiratory support after a cardiac arrest and had PCI between 01/03/07–28/02/14 (UHW and MCC), and collected patient-, lesion- and procedure-related variables to identify correlates of mortality at 30 days. </sec> <sec><st>Results</st> We identified 155 patients (M = 107; mean age (SD) 64.3(11.4) years); 103 (66%) had STE at presentation. At 30d there were 97 survivors (mortality 37.4%). Variables associated with mortality were: cardiogenic shock at presentation (OR 3.34 [1.62, 6.89]), proximal LAD lesion (p = 0.004), final TIMI flow grade in the IRA (p = 0.012), age (p = 0.019), procedural failure (p = 0.01), residual stenosis in the culprit artery (p = 0.02), coexistent LMS stenosis (p = 0.02), and culprit artery bifurcation lesion (p = 0.03). </sec> <sec><st>Conclusions</st> In this preliminary analysis ST-segment elevation was absent in 1/3 of patients who had PCI-treatable lesions. Apart from age and cardiogenic shock there were no pre-procedural variables associated with 30-day survival. There should be a low threshold for offering mechanically-ventilated survivors of cardiac emergency access to the cath lab as outcomes are difficult to predict based on clinical features alone. </sec>
Intracranial Pressure Monitoring for Acute Brain Injured Patients: When, How, What Should We Monitor

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

While there is no level I recommendation for intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring, it is typically indicated for patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) with a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score of 3-8 (class II). Even for moderate TBI patients with GCS 9-12, ICP monitoring should be considered for risk of increased ICP. The impact of ICP monitoring on patient outcomes is still not well-established, but recent studies reported a reduction of early mortality (class III) in TBI patients. There is no standard protocol for the application of ICP monitoring. In cases where cerebrospinal fluid drainage is required, an external ventricular drain is commonly used. In other cases, parenchymal ICP monitoring devices are generally employed. Subdural or non-invasive forms are not suitable for ICP monitoring. The mean value of ICP is the parameter recommended for observation in many guidelines. In TBI, values above 22 mmHg are associated with increased mortality. However, recent studies proposed various parameters including cumulative time with ICP above 20 mmHg (pressure-time dose), pressure reactivity index, ICP waveform characteristics (pulse amplitude of ICP, mean ICP wave amplitude), and the compensatory reserve of the brain (reserve-amplitude-pressure), which are useful in predicting patient outcomes and guiding treatment. Further research is required for validation of these parameters compared to simple ICP monitoring.
On that <em>one</em> poverty of the stimulus argument

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This paper examines the logical problem of language acquisition drawing upon an experimental study on children’s knowledge of anaphoric <em>one</em> by Lidz, Waxman and Freedman (2003). The finding was that, upon being presented with the instruction “<em>Look! A yellow bottle. Do you see another one?</em>”, 18-month-old children prefer to look at a yellow bottle rather than to a bottle of a different color. According to Lidz et al. (2003), the results that children cannot interpret <em>one</em> as anaphoric to head nouns. We point out that the experimental findings are not explained under the hypothesis offered by the authors of that study. Secondly, we consider whether, under current assumptions, children’s knowledge of anaphoric <em>one</em> can be inferred from the properties of the final state. Thirdly, we reaffirm the validity of the Poverty of the Stimulus argument, despite the challenge posed by the learning model proposed by Regier and Gahl (2004). Finally, we draw upon recent psycholinguistic work to propose an explanation for the findings documented by Lidz et al. (2003) that is independent from – though consistent with – their knowledge of the constraint on anaphoric <em>one</em>.
Analysis on strategy of developing outpatient pharmacy services in university hospitals

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objective:The paper formulates the strategy and steps in developing outpatient pharmacy service in university hospitals. Methods: Pharmacists in university hospitals developped outpatient pharmacy services in these steps: improved the professional knowledge of outpatient pharmacy services; provided correct medication guidance voluntarily; developped pharmaceutical information consulting services and monitored adverse drug reaction. Results: Developing outpatient pharmacy services in university hospitals setting improved medication compliance of patients, promoted rational drug use and cutted down the occurrence of medication origin diseases. Conclusion: Pharmacists should play the role in developing outpatient pharmacy services and ensuring teachers' and students' medication safety and improving quality of health care services.
Determination of the polarization direction of the UV bands of chromophore molecules by use of cyclodextrins

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Cyclodextrins (CDxs) were utilized to determine the polarization direction in the UV bands of aromatic compounds. By choosing CDxs of suitable size for an axial inclusion Axial inclusion is the inclusion in which the long‐axis of arenes is parallel to the axis of the CDxs' cavity. , the induced circular dichroism (ICD) bands of the included chromophore molecules are well resolved. Thus, except for the bands which consist of two or more perpendicularly polarized transitions with quite a different oscillator strength, the polarization direction is simply determined from the sign of ICD spectra: a plus sign is produced by transitions polarized parallel to the long‐axis while a negative sign by those polarized along the short‐axis. Besides being simple, this method is applicable to bands as short as 195 nm, since water is used as solvent. Thus, several UV bands of some compounds were recorded for the first time and even their polarization directions were determined. Merit and limitation of this method are discussed and compared with other methods.
DEVELOPMENT OF THE DOCTRINE OF FINANCIAL POLICY, THE FINANCIAL SYSTEM, FINANCIAL AND CREDIT MECHANISM AND FINANCIAL RESOURCES IN THE WORKS OF THE UKRAINIAN SCIENTIST MIKHAIL KRUPKA

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Introduction. Each scientist contributes to the formation and development of financial theory and practice, which enriches financial science, makes it more powerful and effective. A special niche in this area is occupied by the Ukrainian scientist M. I. Krupka, who celebrates his 70th birthday in October 2021. His contribution to teaching in the areas of financial policy, financial system, financial and credit mechanism, financial resources is significant and occupies a worthy place in financial science, deserves study, generalization and dissemination. Therefore, the study of this problem is relevant. The purpose of the article is to study the current theoretical, methodological and practical foundations of financial policy, financial system, financial and credit mechanism, financial resources in the scientific works of the Ukrainian scientist M. I. Krupka and clarify recommendations for solving certain problems in this area in modern conditions. Methods. The work uses dialectical, structural-logical, institutional, functional approaches, methods of generalization, analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, comparison, ascent from the concrete to the abstract and from the abstract to the concrete, assessment and others. Results. The main directions of scientific research of M. I. Krupka are revealed, in particular in the field of economic theory, money, credit and banking and finance. The approaches to the interpretation of financial policy, its influence on socioeconomic processes in society have been clarified. The definitions of the financial system, the features of its formation and functioning are considered. The nature, essence and main components of the financial and credit mechanism of the innovative development of the Ukrainian economy are analyzed. The theoretical, methodological and practical foundations for the formation and use of financial resources in Ukraine have been developed.
A Meeting of Professors of Administrative Law

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

RésuméA meeting of Italian Professors of Administrative Law was held in Rome to study the relationship between Administrative Law and non-juridical sciences, these being taken to include the study of Public Administration and the training of civil servants.The Congress, under the chairmanship of Professor De Valles and later of Professor Lessona, studied and approved three reports: « The insufficiency of the present organisation of university studies for the training of civil servants. How to remedy these shortcomings? », by F. Benvenuti; « The identification of sciences aiming at the study of the non-juridical aspects of the administrative activity », by M. S. Giannini; « Non-juridical studies concerning the activity of the Civil Service », by G. Gataldi.A resolution was then adopted, including several propositions, e. g.:1. the reorganisation of Faculties of Administrative Sciences, for the improvement of the training of prospective civil servants;2. a change in the structure of Faculties of Law, to divide them in two separate sections after two years of study;3. the study of means of establishing a Central School of Administrative Sciences;4. the improvement of the several training courses organised within the administrative services.
Influence of consumer socio-psychological food environment on food choice and its implications for nutrition: evidence from Tanzania

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Background: Changes in consumer food choices have been associated with transformation in the food environment. Despite the direct impact of consumers' food choices on their diet and health outcomes, there is a lack of comprehensive evidence regarding how various factors within the food environment impact these choices. Methods: This study uses the Theory of Planned Behavior to examine how socio-psychological factors in the food environment influence consumers' healthy food choices. A survey of 714 randomly selected adult consumers was conducted in selected rural and urban areas in Tanzania. Data was analyzed using structural equation modeling. Results: The results indicate that consumers' knowledge, attitudes, and perceived behavioral control significantly explain 93% of the variance in the intention to choose healthy foods. The intention to choose healthy foods was found to be positive and significantly associated with the consumption of fruits and vegetables. Moreover, background factors, namely age, gender, location, and income, significantly influence the intention and actual behavior of healthy eating. Notably, the intentions of female and urban consumers to choose healthy foods do not converge with their consumption patterns of fruits and vegetables. Conclusion: These findings indicate that socio-psychological factors within the personal food environment are key determinants of food choice behavior. Thus, integrating consumers' socio-psychology into the food environment, as well as nutrition-sensitive and nutrition-specific interventions, can enhance consumers' knowledge of food choice and foster positive attitudes and perceptions regarding healthy eating. Food and health literacy programs could serve as effective strategies for achieving healthy eating behavior.
Guanacos, spiny shrubs and the evolutionary history of grazing in the Patagonian steppe

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Field observations while traveling through the Patagonian steppe over the past 15 years have left me with a clear impression of how well defended many of the plants are against herbivory. The objectives of this paper are to question the prevailing hypothesis that the evolutionary history of herbivory in Patagonia has been short and to ask if there is any evidence to support an alternative hypothesis of a long evolutionary history. The analysis is entirely speculative based upon personal observations, discussions with colleagues and a diverse selection of material from the literature. My conclusion from this analysis is that there is at least enough support for an alternative hypothesis to justify proposing it. Furthermore, the long evolutionary history hypothesis is consistent with observations of frequent herbivore defenses among the dominant plants and relative resistance of upland sites to large negative effects of 100 years of herbivory by sheep.
Catechins Delay Lipid Oxidation and α‐Tocopherol and β‐Carotene Depletion Following Ascorbate Depletion in Human Plasma

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract. Blood plasma was incubated with 50 m M AAPH [2,2′‐azobis‐(2‐amidinopropane) hydrochloride] in the absence or presence of catechins (5–100 μ M ). Lipid oxidation was evaluated by measuring the formation of 2‐thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). The concentration of α‐tocopherol (AT), β‐carotene (BC), ascorbic acid (AA), and catechins was determined by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection. All the assayed catechins inhibited plasma TBARS formation. Based on the calculated IC 50 , the order of effectiveness was: epicatechin gallate (ECG) > epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) > epigallocatechin (EGC) > epicatechin (EC) > catechin (C). Catechins protected plasma AT and BC from AAPH‐mediated oxidation. The order of effectiveness for AT protection was ECG > EGCG > EC = C > EGC; and for BC protection, the order was EGCG > ECG > EGC > > EC > C. The addition of catechins modified the kinetics of TBARS formation and AT depletion, but the rate of AA depletion was not affected. Catechin oxidation did not start until the complete depletion of AA, and it preceded AT depletion. These results indicate that catechins are effective antioxidants in human blood plasma, delaying the lipid oxidation and depletion of endogenous lipid‐soluble antioxidants (AT and BC).
Exploiting Graphics Processing Units to Speed Up Subgraph Enumeration for Efficient Graph Pattern Mining GraphDuMato

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Subgraph selection involves searching an input graph for subgraphs with a certain attribute. Graph pattern mining (GPM) relies on this technique, despite its computing complexity and rapid growth. Problems with uncoalesced access to memory, separation, and strain unbalance make efficient subgraph identification on GPUs a huge problem, given GPUs' success in speeding up operations across multiple industries. It is surprising that these challenges have not received sufficient attention in earlier research. This work presents new methods for effectively building and running subgraph enumeration on GPUs. Optimization of computational resource usage is achieved by combining a warp-centric design with a Depth first search (DFS) style approach. Memory efficiency, execution divergence, and GPU activity parallelization could all be enhanced by integrating these two methods. An affordable load balancing level is also incorporated for the purpose of dispersing work among thread warps, which further decreases GPU idleness. The GraphDuMato system facilitates the utilization of GPM methods with its intuitive application programming interface (API). Testing proves that GraphDuMato can outperform state-of-the-art GPM algorithms on a regular basis and may mine subgraphs with up to twelve trees.
Preservice teachers' perceptions of a practice-focused lesson study

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Purpose The purpose of this study was to explore middle and secondary mathematics preservice teachers' (PST) perceptions of the benefits, challenges and impacts of implementing lesson study. Design/methodology/approach This paper presents a single case study in the university context. Embedded units of analysis included a group of middle and a group of secondary mathematics PSTs, who were in the internship year of a teacher preparation program. Findings This paper presents several perceived benefits, challenges and impacts according to PSTs. PSTs indicated benefits included their focused student observations and their collaboration in lesson design. Perceived challenges included observing as a nonparticipant observer and aspects of planning. The different impacts occurred in three phases: planning, observing during teaching and reflection. Research limitations/implications First, the study participants included a small group of middle and secondary mathematics PSTs from one university in central Texas. Second, the PSTs in this study were not able to reteach the lesson, which may have influenced their perceptions. Practical implications Mathematics teacher educators could use insights from this study as they implement lesson study or other field experiences to support PSTs in their growth as mathematics teachers. Originality/value This paper examines PSTs' perceptions, which could benefit mathematics teacher educators as they consider how to introduce or implement lesson study with PSTs.
Wide angle Liquid Crystal Optical Phased Array

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Accurate modeling of a high resolution, liquid crystal (LC) based, Optical Phased Array (OPA) is shown. The simulation shows excellent agreement with a test 2-D LC OPA. The modeling method is extendable to cases where the array element size is close to the wavelength of light. Where the fringe field of such a device is first studied and then strongly reduced to achieve ±7.4° continuous beam steering for 1550nm wavelength at DE higher than 72%.