jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Epidemiologic and preventive studies of rubella in female office workers.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In order to prevent maternal rubella infection, serum antibody titers for rubella were estimated in a total of 965 female office workers residing in the vicinities of Tokyo and Osaka using hemagglutination-inhibition test. Approximately 40% of the young women tested were then observed to be susceptible to the disease, and the percentage was not apparently changed by a large rubella epidemic which occurred while our research proceeded, suggesting the necessity to attain immunization in the suceptible before pregnancy. By our surveillance on the occurrence of rubella infection over one-year period among the women having received the serologic test, we found a particular case, where a titer of 1 : 8, being considered to be the immunized level, had been determined. The finding indicates that vaccination should be aimed at the persons having the titer of 1 : 8 as well as of less than 1 : 8. Attenuated live rubella-virus vaccine was administered to 42 volunteers susceptible to the disease, and their serum titers were estimated again about one year after the inoculation. Then, the vaccination proved effective in 41 of the vaccinees but one who was found still susceptible by unknown reason.
Keracunan Parasetamol Pada Kucing Dan Anjing: Gejala Klinis dan Terapi

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Acetaminophen, commonly known as paracetamol, is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug commonly used in human medicine for its antipyretic and analgesic action. As paracetamol became readily available in many over-the-counter and no-prescription products, reports of paracetamol poisoning in dogs and cats became more common. The toxicity of paracetamol is more pronounced in cats when compared to dogs. Clinical signs of paracetamol toxicity include depression, weakness, tachypnea, dyspnea, vomiting, hypothermia, facial or paw edema, hepatic necrosis, and death. The characteristics of severe paracetamol poisoning are methemoglobinemia, cyanosis, anemia, and jaundice. Although there are no specific antidotes, acetylcysteine is the drug of choice for paracetamol poisoning treatment. Symptomatic and supportive therapies play a more definitive role in the management of paracetamol poisoning. This paper aims to briefly review the clinical symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of paracetamol poisoning in dogs and cats.
Hypothalamic thyrotropin-releasing hormone mRNA responses to hypothyroxinemia induced by sleep deprivation

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Sleep deprivation in rats results in progressive declines in circulating concentrations of both total and free thyroxine (T 4 ) and triiodothyronine (T 3 ) without an expected increase in plasma thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). Administration of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) results in appropriate increases in plasma TSH, free T 4 , and free T 3 across experimental days, suggesting deficient endogenous TRH production and/or release. This study examined transcriptional responses related to TRH regulation following sleep deprivation. In situ hybridization was used to detect and quantitate expression of mRNAs encoding prepro-TRH and 5′-deiodinase type II (5′-DII) in brain sections of six rats sleep deprived for 16–21 days, when there was marked hypothyroxinemia, and in sections from animals yoked to the experimental protocol as well as from sham controls. TRH transcript levels in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) were essentially unchanged at 15–16 days but increased to about threefold control levels in three of four rats sleep deprived for 20–21 days, a change comparable to that typically found in prolonged experimental hypothyroidism. There was no evidence for suppression of 5′-DII mRNA levels, which would be a sign of T 3 feedback downregulation of neurons in the PVN. A failure to increase serum TSH in response to hypothyroxinemia and to increased prepro-TRH mRNA expression indicates that alterations in posttranscriptional stages of TRH synthesis, processing, or release likely mediate the central hypothyroidism induced by sleep deprivation.
Electrochemiluminescence of Water-Soluble Carbon Nanocrystals Released Electrochemically from Graphite

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Water-soluble carbon nanocrystals (CNCs) with electrochemiluminescence (ECL) activity were released into aqueous solution from a graphite rod by applying a scanning potential. ECL emission of CNCs observed during their preparation probably provides a useful method for monitoring and screening nanocrystal preparation. The ECL behavior and its mechanism in CNCs have been studied in detail for the first time. The results suggest promising applications of CNCs in the development of new types of biosensors and display devices in the future on the basis of their strong and stable ECL emission, good stability, low cytotoxicity, excellent water solubility, easy labeling, and environmental friendliness.
Crowdsourcing Increases Employee Innovation: Field Experimental and Qualitative Evidence from CHCs (WITHDRAWN)

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Are there long-term, spillover outcomes to crowdsourcing ideas from employees, beyond the innovations generated from it? This paper examines whether and how innovation contests, a crowdsourcing intervention that opens up a channel and opportunity to innovate, could increase employees’ general engagement in innovation. In a multi-method study, I first conducted a field experiment with 53 community health centers (CHCs). Half of the randomly treated CHCs crowdsourced all employees for ideas to improve patient care. After the experiment, I interviewed 175 people spanning roles and levels from the same field sites to explore how and under what conditions this intervention works. My experimental findings evince that the intervention increased employees’ engagement in innovation by more than 35 percent, two months following the intervention. My qualitative findings suggest that the intervention (1) exposed managers to the usefulness of soliciting employee ideas, prompting them to keep soliciting ideas and (2) spurred employees to prioritize innovating on top of their day-to-day work. The intervention was particularly effective in organizations where employee ideas were not proactively sought prior to the intervention. This study illustrates that a crowdsourcing intervention that introduces an open and structured approach to innovation can motivate manager-employee communication in new ways.
Nicholas Kaldor (1908–1986)

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This chapter begins with a brief discussion of Nicholas Kaldor's work before 1949, including his early contributions to trade cycle theory and to the Beveridge Report. This is followed by a discussion of the theories of growth and distribution that he contributed while a Cambridge economist. Next, his writings on economic policy are discussed: first those relating to the economics of developing countries and then his policy recommendations for Britain, including his proposal for an expenditure tax and his attack on monetarism. This is followed by an account of his broad-based post-1970 critique of mainstream economic theory, with particular attention being paid to his critique of equilibrium theorising. The brief conclusion assesses Kaldor's contribution as a Cambridge Post-Keynesian economist.
CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS, TREATMENT MODALITIES, AND THEIR ASSOCIATION WITH LONG-TERM VISUAL OUTCOMES IN UVEAL EFFUSION SYNDROME

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose: Uveal effusion syndrome (UES) is a rare eye condition characterized by fluid accumulation in the uveal layer. We investigated its clinical characteristics and treatment modalities and their association with long-term visual outcomes. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included patients with UES treated at two tertiary hospitals between November 2005 and June 2023. Clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes by modality were compared between nanophthalmic Type 1 UES (UES-1) and non-nanophthalmic Type 2 UES (UES-2), and between initial and final visits. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with vision loss. Results: Twenty-three eyes were included (UES-1, n = 10; UES-2, n = 13). Retinal pigment epithelium mottling was significantly more common in UES-1 than in UES-2 ( P = 0.043); no other between-group differences were observed. Post-treatment, in UES-1, best-corrected visual acuity ( P = 0.028) and central macular thickness ( P = 0.046) significantly decreased; in UES-2, best-corrected visual acuity significantly improved ( P = 0.021), and subfoveal choroidal thickness ( P = 0.048), central subretinal fluid height ( P = 0.011), and central macular thickness ( P = 0.010) significantly decreased. UES-2 was associated with a lower risk of vision loss (odds ratio, 0.024; P = 0.044). No other associated factors were identified. Conclusion: The UES type was the sole independent prognostic factor for vision loss, whereas treatment modalities had no significant impact on visual outcomes.
Mechanism of the nitrous acid-catalysed aquation of aquochromium(III) complexes

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Nitrous acid, in perchloric acid, dramatically increases the rate of aquation of Cr(H2O)5X2+(X = Cl or Br), cis- and trans-Cr(H2O)4Cl2+, and cis-Cr(NH3)4(OH2)Cl2+, but has little effect upon the rate of hydrolysis of Cr(NH3)5Br2+ and trans-Cr(NH3)4(OH2)Cl2+. The mechanism is believed to involve the formation of traces of nitrito-intermediates by O-nitrosation, with H2NO2+ or NO+ as the nitrosating agent. These preliminary results indicate that the catalysis may be stereospecifically restricted to complexes containing an aquo-ligand in a cis-position relative to the leaving group. Some new nitrito-chromium(III) compounds are reported.
Design and Implementation of LFMCW Radar Signal Processor for Slowly Moving Target Detection Using FPGA

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave (FMCW) radar has extensive areas of application for both civil and military use due to its good performance and detection capabilities. FMCW radar signal processing is based on two main modules; Moving Target Indicator (MTI) and Two-Dimensional Fast Fourier Transform (2D-FFT). Detection performance of FMCW radar is degraded due to the attenuation of the signals come from slowly moving targets with small visible Doppler frequencies. Also, the detection degradation of the targets whose beat frequency do not lie on the FFT grids. These problems have been introduced and overcome. In this paper, a complete design and implementation of LFMCW radar signal processor incorporating the solution of these problems are introduced on a field programmable gate array (FPGA) to facilitate real time processing. Simulation and experimental measurement are found to be identical illustrating the capability of the applied methods. The hardware implementation includes generation of the digital sawtooth waveform, Dechirping process,2D_FFT processing, Windowing, MTI, Single Delay Line Integrator and off pin filter.
Pancytopenia: the perspective from Western Gujarat, India

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Pancytopenia is one of the common laboratory findings in patients presenting to us with varied clinical presentations. Risks of untreated Pancytopenia are high causing anxiety to treating doctors and patients alike. It also involves long list of investigations including a very painful marrow biopsy, life-threatening complications and treatment involves multiple blood component therapy. A total of 101 cases of pancytopenia over a period of 1 year were analysed retrospectively to find i) commonest presenting symptoms ii) commonest cause of pancytopenia, response to treatment iii) Depending on the cause, to consider if any measures can be taken for preventionMethods: Cross sectional study of 101 admitted patients of Pancytopenia on the basis of information extracted from the case sheets. The data was analyzed and presented as frequencies and Percentages.Results: Out of 101 cases analysed, 53 (52.47%) were females 48 (47.52%) patients males. Fatigue 74 patients (73.2%) was the commonest presenting symptom followed by fever 33 (32.6%), breathlessness 13 (12.87%) and bleeding 4(3.8%). Vitamin B12 deficiency 58 (57.6%) patients showed and was the commonest cause of pancytopenia. Infections in 24 (23.7%) like malaria16 (15.6%), dengue 5 (4.96%), PLHA 1(0.96%) and hepatitis B 2 (1.96%) was the second common cause in present study. Recovery of pancytopenia was prompt in Malaria Dengue. HIV, Hepatitis B viral infection showed persistent pancytopenia with hypoplastic marrow. Chronic liver disease portal hypertension splenomegaly accounted for 9 (8.9%) patients. Drug induced marrow suppression due to ongoing treatment for underling disease resulted in pancytopenia in 4 (3.96%) patients. Aplastic anaemia in3 (2.9%), myelodysplastic syndrome 2 (1.9%) and acute leukaemia 1 (0.96%) were the less common causes.Conclusions: Commonest symptom on presentation were related more to anaemia than to neutropenia and thrombocytopenia. megaloblastic anaemia due to Vitamin B12 deficiency was the leading reversible cause of pancytopenia in present study followed by infections like Malaria Dengue. Gujarat, India being predominantly vegetarian state, local dietary habits are thought to be responsible for inadequate B12 daily consumption, hence we suggest fortifying the daily diet with B12 supplementation at a larger scale just like iodisation of salt to counter iodine deficiency.
Resonance Rayleigh Scattering Spectra of Palladium (II) - Moroxydine Hydrochloride- Eosin Y System and Their Analytical Applications

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

In a pH 4.2~4.4 acidic medium, palladium(Ⅱ) reacted with moroxydine hydrochloride to form a cationic chelate [Pd(ABOB)2]2+, which reacted further with eosin Y(EY), erythrosin(Ery) or dibromofluorescein(DBF) to form ionassociation complexes, respectively. As a result, the resonance rayleigh scattering(RRS) intensities were enhanced greatly. The maximum RRS peak of three systems were located at 315 nm, RRS intensity was proportional to the concentration of moroxydine hydrochloride (ABOB) in a range of 0.012×10-6~1.2×10-6 g/mL (EY), 0.23×10-6~2.3×10-6 g/mL (Ery) or 0.24×10-6~1.5×10-6 g/mL (DBF), and the detection limit(3σ) was 0.003 6×10-6 g/mL (EY), 0.070×10-6 g/mL(Ery) or 0.025×10-6 g/mL (DBF), separately. The optimal conditions of the reaction and the properties of analytical chemistry were investigated. Therefore, a new method for the determination of ABOB by RRS was developed. The method has a high sensitivity and good selectivity, which has been applied to the determination of ABOB in serum and urine samples with satisfactory results. In addtion, the formation of the ion associaiation complexes, the reaction mechanism and the reasons of scattering enhanced has been discussed.
Leveraging the Power of ‘Modeling and Computer Simulation’ for Education: An Exploration of its Potential for Improved Learning Outcomes and Enhanced Student Engagement

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Modeling and computer simulation has emerged as an important tool in education as it provides a platform for students to engage in hands-on learning experiences that are interactive, immersive, and personalized. In this paper, the researcher explores the applications of modeling and simulation in education as a means of improving learning outcomes and student engagement. This scientific investigation examines the benefits of employing modeling and computer simulation in teaching complex scientific and engineering concepts, developing virtual labs for hands-on learning, personalizing learning experiences, supporting teacher professional development, and assessing student learning and progress. Furthermore, the researcher demonstrates the use of the programming language Python to simulate the behavior of computer algorithms and provide real-world context for learning. The findings of the study suggest that the use of modeling and computer simulation has the potential to significantly enhance student learning outcomes and engagement, as well as to provide a dynamic and interactive learning environment that supports personalization and creativity.
Effects of Carbonate Alkali Stress on Germination and Seedling Growth of Japonica Rice

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Effects of Carbonate Alkali stress on germination and seedling growth in Japonica rice were studied with two Japonica rice of Mianjing 147 and Hexi22-2.The results showed that when the concentrations of Carbonate Alkali below 20 mmol/Lt,he Carbonate Alkali stress has some facilitation to the germination and seedling growth of Japonica rice,and the chlorophyll contents of leaf was increased a little than that of control.But the degree of inhibition of the germination and the growth of leaf and root of Japonica rice was increased with increasing concentration of Carbonate Alkali.When the concentrations of Carbonate Alkali above 60 mmol/Lt,he chlorophyll contents of leaf was decreased rapidlya,nd the content of proline in leaf was rapidly increased.The results indicated that the tolerance concentrations of Carbonate Alkali was 60 mmol/L to germination and seedling growth of Japonica Rice.
Energy-Latency Attacks: A New Adversarial Threat to Deep Learning

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The growing computational demand for deep neural networks (DNNs) has raised concerns about their energy consumption and carbon footprint, particularly as the size and complexity of the models continue to increase. To address these challenges, energy-efficient hardware and custom accelerators have become essential. Additionally, adaptable DNNs are being developed to dynamically balance performance and efficiency. The use of these strategies became more common to enable sustainable AI deployment. However, these efficiency-focused designs may also introduce vulnerabilities, as attackers can potentially exploit them to increase latency and energy usage by triggering their worst-case-performance scenarios. This new type of attack, called energy-latency attacks, has recently gained significant research attention, focusing on the vulnerability of DNNs to this emerging attack paradigm, which can trigger (DoS) attacks. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of current research on energy-latency attacks, categorizing them using the established taxonomy for traditional adversarial attacks. We explore different metrics used to measure the success of these attacks and provide an analysis and comparison of existing attack strategies. We also analyze existing defense mechanisms and highlight current challenges and potential areas for future research in this developing field. The GitHub page for this work can be accessed at https://github.com/hbrachemi/Survey_energy_attacks/.
EFFECTS OF PRODUCT INNOVATION AND ORGANISATIONAL CAPABILITIES ON COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE: EVIDENCE FROM UK SMALL AND MEDIUM MANUFACTURING ENTERPRISES

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

We investigate the extent to which product innovation moderates the relationship between capabilities and competitive advantage among small and medium enterprises (SMEs). Using resource-based and capabilities theories, we examine capabilities as organisational routines, focusing on job rotation and multi-skilling. We examine competitive advantage by using logistic regression to assess the probability of top performance in productivity relative to most other firms in the same industry. Considering the path-dependence in developing capabilities and innovation, we use a longitudinal sample of 300 UK manufacturing SMEs in traditional and high-technology industries to evaluate the effects of innovating and using capabilities continuously over time. The results suggest that firms using job rotation or multi-skilling and introducing product innovations consistently from 2002 through 2004 are more likely to be top performers in 2004. The findings support a theoretical model according to which the association between capabilities and competitive advantage is moderated by innovation.
Deswelling of Microgels in Crowded Suspensions Depends on Cross-Link Density and Architecture

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Microgels are nanometer-to-micrometer-sized cross-linked polymer networks that swell when dispersed in a good solvent. These soft colloids have emerged as versatile building blocks of smart materials, which are distinguished by their unique ability to adapt their behavior to changes in external stimuli. Using X-ray and neutron scattering and molecular simulation methods, we systematically measured and modeled the response to crowding of compressible, deformable microgels with varying cross-link densities and internal architectures. Our experiments and simulations demonstrate that incorporating a solvent-filled cavity during chemical synthesis provides an independent means of controlling microgel swelling that complements the influence of changing cross-link density. In other words, knowledge of the content of cross-links alone cannot be used to define microgel softness, but microgel architecture is another key property that affects softness. These results are potentially important for biomedical applications, such as drug delivery and biosensing.
Self-esteem in children after traumatic brain injury: An exploratory study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Children with a traumatic brain injury (TBI) often have difficulties in adjusting to their injury and altered abilities, and may be at risk of low self-esteem and loss of confidence. However, few studies have examined self-esteem in this client group. The current study measured the self-esteem of a group of children who were, on average, two years post-TBI and compared this to their performance on other psychometric measures. Participants were 96 children with TBI and 31 peer controls, their parents and teachers. Self-esteem was measured using the Coopersmith Self-esteem Inventory (CSEI). CSEI scores were compared with performance on Wechsler Intelligence Scales (WISC-III), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS); Children's Memory Scale (CMS), Vineland Adaptive Behaviour Scales (VABS) and Parental Stress Index (PSI). Self-esteem was highly correlated with IQ; HADS anxiety and depression; and parental stress (p< 0.001). Children with TBI had significantly lower self-esteem than controls and population norms (p=0.015). Many children with TBI demonstrate low self-esteem and this is closely linked with anxiety and depression. This may hamper academic performance and could lead to further psychosocial problems. It is recommended that self-esteem is routinely assessed after brain injury and rehabilitation strategies implemented to promote a sense of self-worth.