jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Agent-Based Modeling as a Tool for Manpower and Personnel Management

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

We have developed an agent-based model of the US Navy's Manpower and Personnel (M&P) systems, and used the model as a tool to analyze and design M&P policies. The model captures the dynamics of sailor recruitment, training and retention, as well as their performance during missions. Our model makes it possible to gain a deep understanding of the dynamics of the entire M&P systems. We expect our tool to offer several benefits to the Navy, including the ability to design new policies for existing ships or new ships; the ability to understand the impact of shipboard technologies to increase automation; and the ability to study the impact of various interventions on sailor retention. The model also promises to be useful for personnel management in the commercial sector.
Quality of Tissue Samples Obtained by Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Liver Biopsy: A Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trial

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

INTRODUCTION: Liver biopsy (LB) remains essential for the diagnosis and staging of parenchymal liver diseases. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided LB (EUS-LB) has emerged as an attractive alternative to percutaneous and transjugular routes. We aimed at comparing the adequacy of samples obtained by EUS-LB with percutaneous LB. METHODS: A single-center, randomized, controlled clinical trial was designed. Patients undergoing LB were randomly assigned to EUS-LB or percutaneous LB groups. EUS-LB was performed with a 19-gauge Franseen core needle through a transduodenal and transgastric route. Percutaneous LB was performed with a 16-gauge Tru-Cut needle. The main outcome was the percentage of adequate samples obtained. Secondary outcomes were the percentage of accurate histologic diagnosis, number of complete portal tracts (CPT), total and longest specimen length (TSL and LSL), sample fragmentation, adverse events, and patients' satisfaction. An adequate specimen was defined as TSL ≥20 mm and including ≥11 CPT. RESULTS: Ninety patients were randomized (44 to EUS-LB and 46 to percutaneous LB) and included in the analysis. The percentage of adequate tissue samples was 32.6% and 70.4% for percutaneous LB and EUS-LB, respectively ( P < 0.001). A final histologic diagnosis was provided in all cases but one. TSL was longer after EUS-LB (23.5 vs 17.5 mm, P = 0.01), whereas the number of CPT was similar in both groups. Sample fragmentation occurred more often after EUS-LB ( P < 0.001). No differences in adverse events were found. Satisfaction reported with both procedures was high. DISCUSSION: EUS-LB is safe and accurate and may be considered an alternative to percutaneous LB for the evaluation of parenchymal liver diseases.
Effect of affective reactions by an out-group on preferences for crossed categorization discussion partners.

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The authors experimentally examined the effects of positive or negative affect from an out-group (O) on preferences for the 4 crossed categorization targets-in-group-in-group (ii), in-group-out-group (io), out-group-in-group (Oi), and out-group-out-group (oo)-as discussion partners. Study 1 induced affect with compliments; Study 2 used insults; Study 3 cross-culturally assessed the effects of both types of affect. Preferences for the target who possessed a category membership that matched the out-group source of affect on 1 dimension of categorization (Oi) were increased by compliments and decreased by insults. Confirming predictions, positive affect produced a hierarchical rejection pattern (ii = Oi > io > oo). Negative affect produced a hierarchical acceptance pattern (ii > io > Oi = oo). All 3 control conditions yielded an additivity pattern (ii > io = oi > oo).
Long-term experimentally-induced diabetes and catecholamine metabolism in rat brain regions

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Tissue concentrations of dopamine (DA), their major metabolite 3,4-dihydroxyphenilacetic acid (DOPAC) and noradrenaline (NA) were measured by HPLC with electrochemical detection in brain areas (corpus striatum, cortex, hippocampus, hypothalamus, medulla pens, midbrain and amygdala) and cerebellum of diabetic rats (streptozotocin-induced). Diabetic rats showed a statistically significant reduction of striatal DA and DOPAC levels and an inclement of cerebellum and cortex DA content. Noradrenaline levels also increased in cerebellum and striatum. No changes were found in other brain regions. Only striatal NA and DA levels returned to control values after insulin replacement therapy. Data indicates that DA metabolism in regions with high and low DA contents are differentially affected in diabetes since different neuronal processes are altered in each dopamine brain area.
STREAM REHABILITATION CONCEPTS

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Recent investigations have shown that rehabilitation of altered streams provides better fish habitat than would exist if no rehabilitation measures were taken. The basic rehabilitation structures are deflectors, check dams, rocks and bank cover and are normally considered effective in mitigating some of the detrimental effects of channel alteration. Generally, permanent, solidly constructed structures are best, such as deflectors and check dams. Rocks placed in various patterns are also an effective and an economical means of rehabilitating altered channels. Banks should be stabilized to reduce erosion by planting vegetation or by installation of riprap. The length of the stream should be preserved by constructing new meanders to replace those lost due to construction.
Early knee osteoarthritis classification using distributed explainable convolutional neural network with local interpretable model-agnostic explanations

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Knee Osteoarthritis (KOA) is a type of Knee Arthritis (KA) that causes pain, swelling, and other discomforts to the knee joints, which is quite complicated to classify using previous methods due to its various limitations such as computational cost, over-fitting issues, less reliability and so on. In this research, the classification using a distributed explainable convolutional neural network with local interpretable model-agnostic explanations (LExNN) model is proposed for knee Osteoarthritis. The distributed LExNN model is an ensemble with a distributed mechanism, in which the input vectors are distributed to two explainable CNNs which makes it quite easier for classification and grading. The distributed concepts are blown up with several advantages such as high computation efficiency with less training time, reliability, and develop an efficient model for classification. In addition, the local interpretable model-agnostic explanations (LIME) technique interprets important information from the image and classifies the severity based on two grades namely high and low. This technique provides significant, simple, and understandable information, which is quite reliable for KOA classification. The supremacy of the model can be determined by measuring several parameters such as accuracy, precision, recall, and f1 score that gives 99.25%, 99.25%, 98.42%, and 98.83% compared to other state-of-the-art methods.
The development of the aortic isthmus in human fetal life

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Introduction The aortic isthmus is a specific feature of fetal circulation. It undergoes regression by becoming wider postpartum. Developmental abnormalities of an isthmus may lead to congenital defects. Aim The aim of this work was a morphometric study of the aortic isthmus in human fetuses aged between 4 and 8 months of fetal life. Materials and Methods We investigated 223 human fetuses, including 108 males and 115 females, aged between 4 and 8 months of fetal life. The entire material was obtained from the Department of Histology and Embryology at the Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Bydgoszcz, Poland. All fetal specimens had been conserved in a 9% formaldehyde solution for a period of more than 3 months. Only spontaneously aborted fetuses with a normal morphology and a normal karyotype were used in this study. We investigated the diameter of the aortic isthmus in human fetuses at different stages of prenatal life. We also analyzed the ratio of that diameter with regard to the diameters of other segments of the aorta and ductus arteriosus. We considered how these measurements varied depending on sex. Results, Discussion and Conclusions We found the growth of the aortic isthmus diameter to be linear in time. The measured diameters were similar in males and females. No significant differences with regard to sex were found between the ratios of that vessel's diameter to the diameters of the ascending and descending aorta and the ductus arteriosus. The relative ratio of the aortic isthmus diameter to the diameters of the ascending and thoracic aorta decreased with time. On the contrary, the ratio of the aortic isthmus diameter to the ductus arteriosus diameter increased over time.
Telomere dysfunction in human bone marrow failure syndromes

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Approximately 90% of all human cancers, in which some deregulation of cell cycle arrest or programmed cell death has occurred, express telomerase, a ribonucleoprotein whose activity is normally turned off in healthy somatic tissues. Additionally, small populations of self-renewing stem cells, such as hematopoietic stem cells, skin and hair follicle basal layer cells and intestinal basal crypt cells, have been shown to retain telomerase activity. Conversely, hereditary defects that result in shortened telomeres in humans have been shown to manifest most often as bone marrow failure or pulmonary fibrosis, along with a myriad of other symptoms, likely due to the loss of the stem and/or progenitor cells of affected tissues. The aim of this review is to highlight our knowledge of the mechanisms of telomere maintenance that contribute to the pathology of human disease caused by dysfunctional telomere homeostasis. Specifically, a new role for the SNM1B/Apollo nuclease in the pathologies of Hoyeraal-Hreidarsson syndrome will be discussed.
What Did Homeowners Do with Home Equity Borrowing? Contemporaneous and Long‐Term Effects

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Abstract Using a panel sample from the Panel Study Income Dynamics (1999–2015), I find that homeowners' contemporaneous spending and nonhome wealth increased with home equity withdrawals, but their longer term spending and wealth declined if their home equity was extracted during the housing boom period. Following Hurst and Stafford's (2004) definition of liquidity constraint, I find that the constrained homeowners' contemporaneous spending increased less, while their financial wealth increased more than those of the unconstrained. Unconstrained homeowners invested more than constrained homeowners in nonhome real estate and businesses. In the long run, the consumption spending of both groups persistently declined, while their wealth recovered from initial declines.
Integrating Canonical Variate Analysis and Kernel Independent Component Analysis for Tennessee Eastman Process Monitoring

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Constructing an efficient and stable fault diagnosis method is crucial for industrial production. Most classical methods are inadequate in process diagnosis, as their assumptions are difficult to satisfy in real production processes. For instance, a Gaussian distribution is required for principal component analysis (PCA), canonical analysis (CVA) is only compatible with linear industrial processes, and independent component analysis (ICA) is not useful for dynamic processes. In this paper, we have proposed a novel method, Canonical Variate and Kernel Independent Component Analysis (CV–KICA), which combines the advantages of CVA and KICA, and tested this method with the Tennessee Eastman (TE) process. We first use ICA to suppress the impacts of noises in industrial production, and introduce kernel to ICA for adapting to non-linearity, then integrate the resulting components into the CVA method for dynamic processes. Simulations and experimental results with the TE process indicate that the CV–KICA method outperform other classical diagnosis methods such as CVA, KICA and DKICA in fault diagnose, providing a novel approach that could handle dynamic and nonlinear situations in real production processes.
The Fight against Torture after the Greek Military Coup in 1967. Amnesty International as diplomat behind the scenes

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The Fight against Torture after the Greek Military Coup in 1967 Amnesty International as diplomat behind the scenesIn the aftermath of the military coup in Greece in 1967, several human rights were trampled upon.Subsequently, the human rights NGO Amnesty International started monitoring this human rights crisis.This article illustrates the interaction between Amnesty as a civil society actor and several governmental actors, including the Greek authorities, revealing the former's diplomatic skills to improve the human rights situation.It shows how Amnesty managed to negotiate with a human rightsviolating government, behind the scenes but also more on the forefront as an official witness in a judicial procedure, exercising what could be termed moral power.
Field‐specific yield response to variable seeding depth of corn in the Midwest

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Sufficient soil moisture is crucial for corn ( Zea mays L.) germination and emergence. As within‐field soil moisture varies, it is often expected that corn seeding depth should vary accordingly. As seedbeds get drier, deeper planting increases the chances of higher soil moisture and faster emergence. The goal was to evaluate the corn yield response to shallow and deep seeding depths compared with the standard seeding depth while making use of management zones delineated using relative elevation data as surrogate of spatial patterns of soil moisture. We hypothesize that crop yield responds positively to shallow seeding depth in zones with low relative elevation values, wet zones, whereas the opposite would be expected in drier zones in a range of locations across the U.S. Midwest. Landscape position (LSP) values (i.e., relative elevation values) were computed from LIDAR data and used to approximate the spatial soil moisture distribution by splitting variability into dry, transitional, and wet LSP zones. Field‐long strips were planted in 17 commercial fields in 2014 and 2015 at shallow, standard, and deep seeding depths. The LSP zones were a significant predictor of the yield response to shallow or deep seeding depth only in 5 and 2 out of 17 field‐years, respectively. Significant overall responses of yield to shallow or deep seeding depth were found in 6 and 8 out of 17 field‐years, respectively. The yield response to variable seeding depth of corn showed high field‐specificity and was likely attenuated by favorable conditions for corn planting and during the growing seasons.
A Rare Successful Nonproliferation Policy: The JCPOA

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract In July 2015, the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) addressed the international community's concerns about Iran's nuclear program. The United States and the other P5+1 countries (the permanent members of the UN Security Council, plus Germany) agreed to lift the nuclear‐related economic and financial sanctions they had imposed. This article discusses how the US administration successfully formulated a nonproliferation policy to convince Iran to engage in nuclear negotiations in the period before the 2015 agreement and how diplomacy and sanctions were used as integrated tools to achieve the goal of nonproliferation. The article also focuses on the administration's agitating for more sanctions and isolation of Tehran from the international community while employing the two diplomatic methods. In implementing the strategy, it faced major domestic and foreign challenges. Nevertheless, the US nonproliferation strategy toward Iran achieved its primary purpose.
Author reply to myocarditis after COVID‐19 mRNA vaccination: Correspondence

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We appreciate the comment from Sookaromdee et al.1 on our recent report on acute myocarditis after the second dose of COVID-19 mRNA vaccination in three Japanese young adult males.2 We agree that we should carefully consider and evaluate any potential co-occurring conditions including other infectious diseases in this setting. As shown in our report,2 all endomyocardial biopsy specimens were analyzed by viral genomes using a multi-virus real-time PCR system. No viral genomes including SARS-CoV-2, dengue virus, and other viruses associated with myocarditis were detected.3 In Japan, dengue virus infection is quite rare among those who have not traveled outside Japan. All of the patients had no history of travel abroad and they were in a healthy, nonimmunosuppressive state before COVID-19 mRNA vaccination. The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Effects of personalisation and interactivity on the perception of politicians on Instagram

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Since the approval of online media usage for political campaigning during the 2011 General Elections, an increasing number of politicians have jumped on board the social media bandwagon to connect with their electorate. Instagram is a social networking platform akin to a visual diary that focuses on photos, which may be accompanied by captions. Its share of social sites visits in Singapore grew tremendously, while, as of February 2014, 15 out of 99 Singapore’s Members of Parliament have their own Instagram accounts. Given the rapidly growing trend of Instagram usage among politicians, this study investigates the effects of two self-presentation styles: 1) personalisation that is presenting the private over the public life of a politician; and 2) text-based interactivity that is presenting the active versus passive voice of a politician on voters’ perception of politicians and their voting intention in the context of Instagram. A total of 120 participants, aged 18 to 24, took part in an experiment where they looked through a mock-up of an Instagram profile of a politician, consisting of eight different photos, with captions and comments. Results showed that presenting the public life of a politician had a more positive effect on perception of character, compared to the private life. Using a highly interactive style on Instagram also had a more positive effect on perception of character, compared to a lack of interactivity. An interaction effect was also found for personalisation and interactivity on voting intention. In addition, character perception was a successful mediator for the effects of personalisation and interactivity on voting intention. Theoretical implications with respect to impression management in social media, as well as practical implications for political engagement are discussed.
The potential of distance e-learning in the Spatial information sciences – an evaluation of a pilot programme at the dublin institute of Technology

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The authors describe a pilot course in ‘Co-ordinate and reference systems for spatial information’, delivered via the Internet, to staff of the Irish national mapping agency, Ordnance Survey Ireland (OSi). The pilot represented the first course delivered by the Dublin Institute of Technology (DIT) via the medium of its newly installed WebCT E-Learning system. The aim of the pilot project was to evaluate the suitability of a distance E-Learning environment for the continuing professional development and skills update of personnel in large distributed organisations in the field of spatial information science. The project represented a joint endeavour between DIT and OSi, and relied heavily on feedback from course participants and OSi management. The process, from both the choice of selection criteria and the selection of the pilot group, through course design and implementation, to final evaluation via participant feedback, is described in detail. The pilot course was successful, and points to the potential of E-Learning in scientific subjects as a resource for the continuing professional development of staff of large distributed organisations independent of place or time, and without significant losses in production. However, the development of suitable content is enormously time consuming and requires the support of a dedicated learning technology team. The next phase of the project will concentrate on using the extensive tools of the WebCT E-Learning system to enhance the learning environment for the participant. The importance of achieving a sense of ‘class-group’ amongst the participants, some of whom may be the only participant in their workplace, represents a significant challenge. The authors suggest potential solutions to this challenge.
Assessment of Hematological Recovery by Reticulocyte Parameters and Platelet Count after Chemotherapy in Remission Induction Phase

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Reticulocyte count performed on a supravitally stained blood film is an initial and common laboratory method of determining early hematological recovery. This method is rapidly replaced by automated flow cytometry methods which have the advantage of much greater precision before other tests become positive after chemotherapy. A prospective observational study was carried out in the Department of Laboratory Medicine with the Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh during a period of one year to evaluate the bone marrow recovery in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia automated reticulocyte analysis over platelet count. A total of fifty patients were enrolled in this study in the remission induction phase. All patients were taken up to 18 years age range with a mean age of 5.5 ± 3.2 years. At the end of the study out of 50 cases, Ret% and Abs ret count showed early recovery in a median of 6 days before the platelet count recovery and concluded that the reticulocyte parameter showed earlier hematopoietic recovery than the platelet count recovery.
Application of an Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay for the Analysis of Imidacloprid in Wiliwili Tree, Erythrina sandwicensis O. Deg, for Control of the Wasp Quadrastichus erythrinae

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A monoclonal antibody-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the neonicotinoid insecticide imidacloprid was evaluated for its reproducibility, accuracy, and comparability to results from a conventional high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for the analysis of imidacloprid in the endemic wiliwili tree (Erythrina sandwicensis O. Deg) found in dryland forests and landscapes in Hawaii. Imidacloprid was applied to these wiliwili trees in an attempt to control the newly introduced erythrina gall wasp, Quadrastichus erythrinae Kim. Leaf samples were freeze-dried and extracted with acidic aqueous methanol followed by methylene chloride partitioning. After solvent removal, the extract residue was reconstituted in 1 mL of water/methanol (1:1, v/v) for ELISA; no significant matrix interference was observed at 10-fold or more dilution. The average recoveries of imidacloprid from fortified samples ranged from 78% to 100% by ELISA. The correlation between the ELISA and HPLC results was excellent (r2 = 0.98). Imidacloprid was detected with the ELISA in all treated samples and its level varied in the samples among different treatments and in those from different parts of the trees. The infestation severity rating of leaf samples was inversely related to the concentration of imidacloprid. It is clear that imidacloprid effectively controls the wasps. The ELISA is a suitable method for quantitative and reliable determination of imidacloprid in wiliwili trees and the application provides information to understand how to control the wasps.