jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Problems faced by farmers and its legal solution: An empirical study

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

India is a global agricultural powerhouse. It is the world’s largest producer of milk, pulses, and spices, and has the world’s largest cattle herd (buffaloes), as well as the largest area under wheat, rice and cotton. It is the second largest producer of rice, wheat, cotton, sugarcane, farmed fish, sheep & goat meat, fruit, vegetables and tea. However, the farmers in India face many problems. Hence, this research is carried out to study the major issues and problems faced by farmers in India and also the legal solution provided by government to the farmers to overcome those problems. It is found that, the farmers in India are facing many major issues like increasing productivity of land, marketing and distribution of goods, and also the problem of price fixation and negotiation and solve these problems farm laws enacted in 2020 i.e. 1. The Farmer’s Produce Trade and Commerce (Promotion and Facilitation) Act, 2. The Farmers (Empowerment and Protection) Agreement on Price Assurance and Farm Service Act, and 3. The Essential Commodities (Amendment) Act are passed in the parliament. However, it is too early to conclude whether these laws will be helpful to farmers or not.
Crayfish Muscle Fiber: Ionic Requirements for Depolarizing Synaptic Electrogenesis

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Presence of sodium in the bathing medium is not essential for the electrically excitable depolarizing electrogenesis of crayfish muscle fibers, production of action potentials being dependent on calcium. The depolarizing electrogenesis of the excitatory synaptic membrane component does require sodium, however, and this ion cannot be replaced by lithium as it can in spike electrogenesis of many cells. Ionophoretic applications of glutamate, which in the presence of sodium depolarize the cell by activating the excitatory synaptic membrane, are without effect in the absence of sodium. Not only is there no depolarization, but the membrane conductance also remains unchanged. Thus, in the absence of inward movement of sodium across the synaptic membrane there is also no outward movement of potassium. Accordingly, it seems that increased conductance for potassium is not an independent process in the synaptic membrane, whereas it is independent of sodium activation in spike electrogenesis. Chloride activation is independent, however; increase in conductance and the electrogenesis of the inhibitory synaptic component are not affected by the absence of sodium. Implications of these findings regarding the structure of differently excitable membrane components are discussed.
Repatriation

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Repatriation is the return of persons, material heritage, and/or associated knowledge to its place of origins. Within anthropology, this frequently refers to the return of items collected and held within museums or other institutional collections to originating communities. Origins and originating communities are variously identified as nation-states, Indigenous or ethnic groups, kin groups, cities or villages, or sites of removal. It is repatriation from cultural institutions, as opposed to battlefield repatriation or repatriation of displaced persons, that the bibliography focuses on. Anthropology is well into its second generation of focused repatriation scholarship, whereas the material culture and human remains at the heart of repatriation requests have frequently had a much longer place in anthropological research. Many items now returning through repatriation processes were originally collected and made objects of study by anthropologists and archaeologists. During the formation of anthropology and archaeology as disciplines, museums, material culture (see the separate Oxford Bibliographies article Material Culture), and physical anthropology were central. Collecting, documenting, and measuring the physical bodies and material heritage of cultural groups were understood by anthropologists to generate data, while museums were sites where comparative analysis could occur, training of students happened, and emerging theories could be presented to scholars and the public alike. Given this history, it is unsurprising that anthropologists have been actively engaged in scholarly debate about the repatriation of materials (whether ethnographic or otherwise), as well as participants in the development of institutional policies, national legislation, and public understanding. In the contemporary moment, anthropologists frequently find themselves working with Indigenous peoples who are vying to hold colonial and settler nations to account for injustice, and who are asserting the viability and legitimacy of their cultural practices into the future. Repatriating ancestral remains and material heritage is one form of redress and expression of sovereignty for many nations and cultural groups. Thus, repatriation is increasingly understood as an expression of contemporary Indigeneities and nationalisms, pushing anthropologists to ask what roles repatriation—and museums more broadly—play in processes of decolonization, reconciliation, indigenization, and nation-building.
Changes in Myasthenia Gravis Incidence in Denmark From 1985 to 2021

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The overall IR of MG increased from 1985 to 2021, aligning with recent reports from neighboring European countries. The most significant rise occurred during the last 6 years of the study period compared with the first 5 years, with an IRR reaching 1.9 (95% CI 1.6-2.3). This increase in IRs was observed only in the late-onset and very late-onset age groups.
A Note on the Text of Gospel of Thomas 37

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In the opening of Gos. Thom. 37, the followers of Jesus ask, “When will we see you?” Jesus answers, “When you strip without being ashamed and you take your clothes and put them under your feet like little children and trample them, then.…” At this point the manuscript is damaged and the published reading is problematic. An examination of photographs of the manuscript of the Gospel of Thomas at logion 37 supports a continuation of “then you will come to,” not “then you will see,” which is printed in the published versions of Guillaumont, Layton, and Meyer.
The Effect Of Capital Structure On Profitability: An Empirical Analysis Of Vietnamese Listed Banks

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper aims at investigate the impact of capital structure on profitability of seventeen listed banks in Vietnam over a period from 2015 to 2018. The profitability is measured by Return on Total Assets (ROA) while capital structure is measured by Debt to Total Assets (DA), firm's size, growth opportunity, and tangibility. The data has been analyzed by using descriptive statistics, correlation, and panel data regression models. The findings show that there is a strong negative impact of capital structure on firm's profitability. These findings offer useful insights for the banks and lending institutions based on empirical evidence.
Knowledge and practice on use of anthelminthics by mothers in selected areas in the Colombo District

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Ceylon Medical Journal (CMJ) is a peer-reviewed, open access journal published quarterly by the Sri Lanka Medical Association in the last week of March, June, September and December each year. The mission of the CMJ is to promote the science and art of medicine and betterment of public health. The Journal publishes original papers and commentaries which have relevance to medicine and allied sciences. The CMJ is committed to maintaining and conforming to the editorial and ethical standards recommended by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors.
Anchors in the Storm: the Role of Bank Capital in Corporate Lending

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Banks, in determining their loan conditions given internal and external constraints, typically use models involving ratings. Using unique supervisory data for individual corporate loans in the U.S., we show that exogenous changes in the perceived risk of bank assets due to remappings of banks’ internal rating system trigger adjustments in loan conditions. The effects are also asymmetric: downward remappings increase spreads by some 40 bps and decrease commitments and maturities, but upward remapping lead to much weaker (but opposite) effects. Furthermore, we find the effects are stronger for smaller, riskier, and poorly capitalized banks as well as for borrowers with poorer credit quality and unsecured loans. Our findings highlight the important role of capital in stabilizing a bank’s credit provisioning.
Reconstructing Health Profiles from Skeletal Remains

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This chapter provides a selective review of nine skeletal and dental lesions that have been used to construct the skeletal database employed in the development of the health index. These lesions are described within a biosocial framework. Change in length of subadult long bones can identify differences in nutrition and health. Linear enamel hypoplasias provide information on the severity and temporal pattern of stress during infancy and childhood. Porotic hyperostosis is a lesion of the skull associated with iron deficiency. Bony responses to bacterial infections are associated with differences in contact with bacteria and the levels of resistance. Patterns of healed fractures indicate activities that include livingon difficult terrain, hazardous occupations, and the extent of warfare and interpersonal violence. Osteoarthritis indicates the degree of regular strenuous activity and quality of life. Dental decay and tooth loss have functional significance for nutritional status.
Chronobiology of Cancers in the Liver and Gut

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Circadian rhythms dictate the timing of cellular and organismal physiology to maintain homeostasis. Within the liver and gut, circadian rhythms influence lipid and glucose homeostasis, xenobiotic metabolism, and nutrient absorption. Disruption of this orchestrated timing is known to negatively impact human health and contribute to disease progression, including carcinogenesis. Dysfunctional core clock timing has been identified in malignant growths and may be used as a molecular signature of disease progression. Likewise, the circadian clock and its downstream effectors also represent potential for novel therapeutic targets. Here, the role of circadian rhythms in the pathogenesis of cancers of the liver and gut will be reviewed, and chronotherapy and chronopharmacology will be explored as potential treatment options.
Tunable Charge Injection via Solution-Processed Reduced Graphene Oxide Electrode for Vertical Schottky Barrier Transistors

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

We demonstrate, for the first time, the use of a solution-processed reduced graphene oxide (rGO) layer as a work function tunable electrode in vertical Schottky barrier (SB) transistors. The rGO electrodes were deposited by simple spray-coating onto the substrate. The vertical device structure was formed by sandwiching a N,N′-dioctyl-3,4,9,10-perylenedicarboximide (PTCDI-C8) organic semiconductor between rGO and Al electrodes. By varying the voltage applied to the gate electrode, the work function of rGO and thus the SB formed at the rGO-PTCDI-C8 interface could be effectively modulated. The resulting vertical SB transistors based on rGO-PTCDI-C8 heterostructures exhibited excellent electrical properties, including a maximum current density of 17.9 mA/cm2 and an on–off current ratio >103, which were comparable with the values obtained for the devices based on a CVD-grown graphene electrode. The charge injection properties of the vertical devices were systematically investigated through temperature-dependent transport measurements. Charge injection was dominated by thermionic emission at high temperature. As the temperature decreased, however, impurity state-assisted hopping occurred. At low temperature and negative gate voltage, the reduced width of barrier induced by a high drain voltage yielded Fowler–Nordheim tunneling at the interface. The use of scalable solution-processed rGO as a work function tunable electrode in vertical SB transistors opens up new opportunities for realizing future large-area flexible two-dimensional materials-based electronic devices.
AGAMA DAN SPIRIT EKONOMI

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study aimed to analyze relation among religion and economy in developing work ethic. the original thesis concerning relation of religion and work ethic initiated by Max Weber in his study entitled Protestant Ethic and Spirit Capitalism. In Weberian perspective, religion take important role that developing values of work ethics e.g. rationalism, asceticism, and "calling" are encouraging human to work hard in the world. This study aimed to elaborating Weber’s thesis within comparing work ethic in others religion. Library research used as research methodology in this research. The result showed, basically, work ethic invented in many religion; nevertheless, adapted to the context of socio-cultural in society. Keywords: Work Ethic, Calvinism, Max Weber's Thought, Economic Spirit.
Finding a new sense of self: What the clinician can do to help

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Shelagh Brumfitt deserves thanks, from aphasic individuals and their families, as well as from speech-language pathologists, for her eloquent and scholarly reminder of the intense and often devastating effects that aphasia can render upon psychosocial and emotional well-being. Brumfitt opened a door, giving aphasia clinicians permission and encouragement to enter into the interpersonal aspects of the aphasic patient's world. Yet we finished the article with a sense of incompletion, wishing that she had gone on to provide suggestions to assist clinicians in their efforts to help aphasic patients deal with loss and change. If, as Brumfitt clearly urges, we should be prepared to ‘face the distress of the aphasic person’, we need some ideas about how to do it. Perhaps rushing in where winged and haloed creatures might be more cautious, we would like to provide some thoughts on how this might be done.
Trabectedin for Patients with Advanced Soft Tissue Sarcoma: A Non-Interventional, Prospective, Multicenter, Phase IV Trial

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This non-interventional, prospective phase IV trial evaluated trabectedin in patients with soft tissue sarcoma (STS) in real-life clinical practice across Germany. The primary endpoints were progression-free survival (PFS) rates at 3 and 6 months, as defined by investigators. Overall, 128 patients from 19 German sites were evaluated for efficacy and 130 for safety. Median age was 58.5 years (range: 23–84) and leiomyosarcoma was the most frequent histotype (n = 45; 35.2%). Trabectedin was mostly used as second/third-line treatment (n = 91; 71.1%). Median PFS was 5.2 months (95% CI: 3.3–6.7), with 60.7% and 44.5% of patients free from progression at 3 and 6 months, respectively. Median overall survival was 15.2 months (95% CI: 9.6–21.4). One patient achieved a complete and 14 patients a partial response, conferring an objective response rate of 11.7%. Decreases in white blood cells (27.0% of patients), platelets (16.2%) and neutrophils (13.1%) and increased alanine aminotransferase (10.8%) were the most common trabectedin-related grade 3/4 adverse drug reactions. Two deaths due to pneumonia and sepsis were considered trabectedin-related. Trabectedin confers clinically meaningful activity in patients with multiple STS histotypes, comparable to that previously observed in clinical trials and other non-interventional studies, and with a manageable safety profile.
Feeding and Oviposition Behaviour of Trioza erytreae (Hemiptera: Triozidae) on Different Citrus Rootstock Material Available in Europe

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Trioza erytreae (Del Guercio, 1918) (Hemiptera: Triozidae) is a vector of Candidatus Liberibacter spp., the causal agent of Huanglongbing disease (HLB). This study evaluates the preference of T. erytreae in different citrus seedlings. Thus, six different non-grafted citrus rootstocks were used for these experiments: (a) Carrizo citrange; (b) Citrus macrophylla; (c) ‘Cleopatra’ mandarin; (d) Forner-Alcaide No. 5; (e) Forner-Alcaide No. 517, and (f) Poncirus trifoliata (‘Flying Dragon’). The behaviour and survival of this psyllid was evaluated through the feeding preference of T. erytreae adults for different rootstocks (in a choice trial under greenhouse conditions) and oviposition and survival of T. erytreae adults on the different citrus material (in a no-choice trial under laboratory conditions). Trioza erytreae showed a clear preference for hosting and feeding on C. macrophylla, and Carrizo citrange was the most suitable rootstock for insect reproduction and survival followed by C. macrophylla. Conversely, Poncirus trifoliata was the least attractive rootstock to T. erytreae adults in the greenhouse trial and led to significantly lower T. erytreae survival. Our results suggest that conventional citrus rootstocks, such as Carrizo citrange and C. macrophylla, could increase T. erytreae populations.
Detection of phormium yellow leaf phytoplasma in New Zealand flax ( Phormium tenax ) using nested PCRs

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A reliable diagnostic method was developed for use in studying the relationship between phormium yellow leaf disease of New Zealand flax ( Phormium tenax ) and its associated phytoplasma (phormium yellow leaf phytoplasma: PYL). Diagnosis involved a nested PCR (polymerase chain reaction) technique targeting the 16S rRNA gene. DNA was extracted from woody rhizome tissues of NZ flax plants using CTAB and a high salt precipitation step. This method effectively eliminated polysaccharides, gum‐like material and other compounds inhibitory to PCRs that occur at high concentrations in diseased NZ flax rhizomes. PCR competence of each DNA preparation from both healthy and yellow leaf diseased plants was assessed using the general prokaryotic 16S rRNA gene primers, Gd1/Berg54. These primers amplified DNA from both diseased and healthy plants. PYL 16S rDNA sequences were not detected consistently following amplification by PCR (35 cycles) using the ‘universal’ phytoplasma‐specific primer pairs R16F2/R16R2 or P1/P6. By contrast, PYL was consistently detected in diseased, but not healthy, NZ flax plants, following nested PCR of the products of the above three primer pairs. Nested PCRs involve the primers NGF/NGR, which were designed to hybridize with all phytoplasmas for which published sequences were available. The most sensitive level of detection by nested PCR was achieved using primers R16F2/R16R2, rather than primers P1/P6 or Gd1/Berg54, for the primary amplification step. The consistent association found in this study between yellow leaf disease and PYL further substantiates this phytoplasma as the causal agent. PCR products of the expected size were also amplified by nested PCR using the primers R16F2/R16R2 followed by NGF/NGR from C. roseus tissues infected with five other phytoplasmas representing three distinct phytoplasma groups. Therefore nested PCRs with these pairs of primers should be useful for detecting other phytoplasmas, in particular those occurring at low concentrations or in recalcitrant tissues.
Improvement of Properties of Urethane Elastomers by Removal of Terminal Unsaturation in Poly(oxypropylene) Diols

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTImprovement of Properties of Urethane Elastomers by Removal of Terminal Unsaturation in Poly(oxypropylene) DiolsHarold R. Bylsma, Robert L. McKellar, and Martin C. MusolfCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev. 1968, 7, 4, 234–238Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i360028a003https://doi.org/10.1021/i360028a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views61Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
107 Short term neuropsychiatric outcomes of STN – DBS using directional vs conven- tional ring mode stimulation

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Achieving the best outcome from STN stimulation for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease depends on ideal electrode placement and optimum stimulation settings. Motor symptoms are known to respond well to stimulation of the dorsolateral nucleus of the subthalamus and avoidance of tissue activation of the surrounding structures that may give rise to unwanted side effects including slurred speech, gait problems and neuropsychiatric symptoms. The recent development of multidirectional stimulation systems has enabled electrical current steering to activate the desired tissue areas in order to achieve effective neuromodulation. In this audit of 16 patients who underwent STN-DBS, we looked at the short-term neuropsychiatric outcomes in patients in whom current steering was deployed to achieve the best motor control to those in whom control was achieved by conventional ring mode stimulation. The patients’ symptoms were assessed at baseline and at 12 months using validated scales for anxiety, depression, apathy, and impulsivity. There was no statistical difference in the neuro-psychiatric outcomes between the two groups. However, the number of patients in this study was small and larger studies for longer periods are required to evaluate the potential benefit of this new development in minimising the neuropsychiatric complications of this treatment.