jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Effect of hydroxyurea on T4 ribonucleotide reductase.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Phage T4-induced ribonucleotide reductase, purified to homogeneity, catalyzes the reduction of the four ribonucleotides CDP, UDP, ADP, and GDP to the corresponding deoxyribonucleotides. The enzyme is an order of magnitude more sensitive to hydroxyurea than the corresponding Escherichia coli enzyme. Fifty per cent inhibition occurs at 10 micrometer hydroxyurea. Inhibition is complete at a high concentration of the drug, and there is no differential effect on the four substrates. Treatment of T4 ribonucleotide reductase or its isolated subunits with hydroxyurea does not lead to their irreversible inactivation.
P1-11-04: Breast Cancer Treatment Resources and Guideline-Concordant Treatment in Appalachia.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background: Appalachia has poorer cancer outcomes, but little research has been done regarding availability of cancer care resources in this region and how resource availability may relate to cancer outcomes. This study 1) examines associations between radiation therapy resources and receipt of radiotherapy after BCS in counties within Kentucky — a SEER state; and 2) describes spatial patterning of breast cancer treatment resources in all 13 Appalachian states. Methods: For the Kentucky analyses, county-level data from the Area Resource File and SEER registry are analyzed. Bivariate analyses and spatial lag regression using a 6-nearest neighboring counties matrix are conducted. The sample includes stage I or II primary breast cancer patients age 18+ years diagnosed in Kentucky during 2000–2007. The dependent variable is the county-level percentage of patients received BCS without radiation; independent variables include density of radiation therapy providers and facilities and other socioeconomic covariates. For the analyses of entire Appalachian region, descriptive analyses and exploratory spatial data analysis are conducted including 420 Appalachian counties and 644 non-Appalachian counties in 13 states. Results: In Kentucky 16.44% of 17,227 early stage breast cancer patients received BCS without radiation therapy (21.08% in Appalachia versus 14.80% in non-Appalachia, p&lt;0.001). Appalachian Kentucky had significantly fewer radiation oncologists and radiation therapy facilities per capita than non-Appalachian Kentucky. The number of radiation therapy facilities per capita is negatively associated with rates of BCS without radiation when controlling for covariates. Analysis of 13 Appalachian states shows that Appalachian counties, especially in the Central and Southern regions, had significant fewer physicians per capita in Surgery, Anesthesia, Clinical Pathology, and Radiation Oncology. Clustering of scarce breast cancer care resources was observed in Central Appalachia. Conclusions: Appalachian counties, especially in central Appalachia, have fewer breast cancer treatment resources than non-Appalachian counties, and resource availability is associated with cancer health disparities. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-11-04.
Beneficial Effect of Root or Foliar Silicon Applied to Cucumber Plants under Different Zinc Nutritional Statuses

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Zinc (Zn) is an essential micronutrient involved in a large variety of physiological processes, and its deficiency causes mainly growth and development disturbances, as well as oxidative stress, which results in the overproduction and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). A possible environmentally friendly solution is the application of silicon (Si), an element that has shown beneficial effects under abiotic and biotic stresses on many crops. Si could be applied through the roots or leaves. The aim of this work is to study the effect of Si applied to the root or shoot in cucumber plants under different Zn statuses (sufficiency, deficiency, and re-fertilization). Cucumber plants were grown in hydroponics, with 1.5 mM Si applied at the nutrient solution or sprayed on the leaves. During the different Zn statuses, SPAD index, fresh weight, ROS, and Si, Zn, P, Cu and B mineral concentration were determined. The results suggested that Si application had no effect during sufficiency and deficiency periods, however, during re-fertilization foliar application of Si, it showed faster improvement in SPAD index, better increment of fresh weight, and a decrease in ROS quantity, probably due to a memory effect promoted by Si previous application during the growing period. In summary, Si application to cucumber plants could be used to prepare plants to cope with a future stress situation, such as Zn deficiency, due to its prompt recovery after overcoming the stress period.
THE TOURISTIC ACTIVITY OF THE NORTH-EAST REGION IN THE PERIOD 1990-2007

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The following analysis has started from our location from a geographical point of view in the North-East Region. In the first part I have made a brief presentation of the tourism potential, after which I have analyzed the main statistic indicators for the period 1990-2007. Many results have been presented through suggestive statistical diagrams, leaving the possibility for the readers to draw other conclusions than the ones found in the text. The analysis was detailed for all the counties that have registered tourists in 2007. At the end it was applied the study of touristy activity concentration with the help of the Onicescu concentration indicators, and have been drawn the main conclusions.
Schizophrenia Course, Long-Term Outcome, Recovery, and Prognosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Our 26-year longitudinal study and other longitudinal studies confirm older views that outcome for schizophrenia, while showing some variation for different schizophrenia patients, is still significantly poorer than that for other psychiatric disorders, with the exception of the dementias. Our research leads us to propose that risk factors, either stress related or those related to vulnerability to psychosis, account for the episodic course of periods of recovery followed by periods of recurrence that is experienced by most schizophrenia patients. These risk factors interact with personality, temperament, and cognitive traits that, while not causing psychosis, influence its course. It is these interactions that account for the heterogeneous outcome trajectories of different subgroups of people with this condition. Our research and that of others has focused on the contributions of these risk factors, such as vulnerability to trait anxiety, poor developmental achievements before the illness, personality traits such as locus of control, cognitive styles, neurocognitive impairments, length of untreated psychosis, and several others. Despite the proven efficacy of antipsychotic medications over the short term, there is a subgroup of schizophrenia patients who, a few years after the acute phase, function adequately or experience periods of recovery for a number of years, without treatment.
Multiple Myeloma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Multiple myeloma (MM) is the most common malignancy arising from plasma cells, fully differentiated B lymphocytes that produce the immunoglobulin (Ig) heavy- and light-chain molecules comprising antibodies. MM is characterized by an overproduction of clonal plasma cells in the bone marrow and, in most cases, monoclonal secretion of IgG, IgA, or light-chain Ig. Symptoms of end organ damage (hypercalcemia [C], renal failure [R], anemia [A], or bone lesions [B]), herein referred to as CRAB features, were traditionally a necessary criterion for diagnosing MM; however, improvements in treatment and diagnostic techniques have led to updated diagnostic criteria, enabling intervention among patients before the onset of organ damage. Multiple myeloma is an important cause of lymphoid malignancy (LM) mortality in Western populations. In the United States in 2015, MM was estimated to account for approximately one in every five newly diagnosed LMs, and one in every three LM-related deaths.
New Way to Syringe Ears

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

From the history and clinical findings of the case it was possible to say that the fungus was first inoculated into the skin.Later the organism involved the subcutaneous fatty tissue and produced nodules akin to those seen in the peritoneum.The culture studies suggested that pathogenicity of the fungus mainly depended on the presence of the periodic-acid-Schiff-positive material.-Iam, etc
The basic helix–loop–helix region of the transcriptional repressor hairy and enhancer of split 1 is preorganized to bind DNA

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Hairy and enhancer of split 1, one of the main downstream effectors in Notch signaling, is a transcriptional repressor of the basic helix–loop–helix (bHLH) family. Using nuclear magnetic resonance methods, we have determined the structure and dynamics of a recombinant protein, H1H, which includes an N‐terminal segment, b1, containing functionally important phosphorylation sites, the basic region b2, required for binding to DNA, and the HLH domain. We show that a proline residue in the sequence divides the protein in two parts, a flexible and disordered N‐terminal region including b1 and a structured, mainly helical region comprising b2 and the HLH domain. Binding of H1H to a double strand DNA oligonucleotide was monitored through the chemical shift perturbation of backbone amide resonances, and showed that the interaction surface involves not only the b2 segment but also several residues in the b1 and HLH regions. Proteins 2014; 82:537–545. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Microbial Enzymes for Reduction of Antinutritional Factors

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Antinutritional factors (ANFs) are natural constituents of foods, mainly of vegetal origin, such as legumes, seeds, and grains that may have health benefits at low concentrations, or deleterious effects at higher concentrations. Protease inhibitors, lectins, saponins, tannins, and phytates, are examples of ANFs that can be reduced by adequate food processing. Over time, advances in food engineering technology have boosted the techniques and strategies of food processing to improve quality, nutritional value, and ANFs reduction on foods. Strategies based on hydrothermal, physical, and enzymatic food pre-treatment expanded the industrial processing possibilities for ANF reduction and boosted the research about this theme. The enzymatic methods of ANFs reduction in food receive attention due to the necessity of offering to the consumers food of better quality, process efficiency, the mild reaction conditions of the enzymatic processes, and the specificity of action. Furthermore, enzyme-mediated processes are also observed in the digestive tract and are relevant to the ANF reduction in the body. Therefore, this chapter approaches the definition of ANFs and discusses strategies of ANF reduction in food processed by non-enzymatic and enzymatic methods associated with industrial and digestive enzymes.
Mastering Occlusions by Using Intelligent Facial Frameworks Based on the Propagation of Movement

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In uncontrolled settings occlusions occur and interfere with facial expressions recognition task. It is interesting to limit the number of regions required for face expression recognition task in order to moderate the occlusion interference. We propose a weighting scheme that ranks the facial regions needed to recognize expressions. Weights are calculated based on the contribution of each region to boost recognition in presence of various occlusions. Intelligent facial frameworks, based on region ranks are computed in presence of static occlusions (such as glasses, hair, hand on the face). Evaluations conducted using motion information as the underlying descriptor show that our approach maintains, per expression, very good recognition rates under various static occlusions occurring in uncontrolled settings.
Robustness and Overfitting Behavior of Implicit Background Models

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we examine the overfitting behavior of image classification models modified with Implicit Background Estimation (SCrIBE), which transforms them into weakly supervised segmentation models that provide spatial domain visualizations without affecting performance. Using the segmentation masks, we derive an overfit detection criterion that does not require testing labels. In addition, we assess the change in model performance, calibration, and segmentation masks after applying data augmentations as overfitting reduction measures and testing on various types of distorted images.
Utility of a forced expiratory flow of 25 to 75 percent as a predictor in children with asthma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

= Abstract = Purpose : Asthma is defined as chronic inflammation of the lower small airways and bronchial hyperreactivity (BHR is a pathophysiologic feature of asthma. It has been proposed that although there is no direct variable capable of assessing the small airways a forced expiratory flow of between 25 and 75 percent (FEF25-75 might be considered a more sensitive early marker of small airway obstruction than the forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1. Thus we proposed that the presence and degree of positive responses to bronchial methacholine testing were related to the difference (DFF and ratio (RFF between FEV1 and FEF25-75 in asthmatic children. Methods : The subjects were 583 symptomatic children including 324 children with BHR and 259 controls. Pulmonary function tests methacholine challenge tests and skin prick tests were performed and the total eosinophil count total serum IgE and serum eosinophil cationic protein level were measured in all subjects. From a concentration-response curve the methacholine concentration required to produce a decrease of 20% from post-saline FEV1 was calculated (PC20. Results : The median DFF and RFF values decreased in controls compared to subjects with bronchial hyperresponsiveness and this trend was found in groups ranked by its severity. PC20 had a negative correlation with DFF and RFF. Cutoff values of 0.5 for DFF and 1.042 for RFF were identified and sensitivity and specificity were calculated. Conclusion : This study revealed that DFF and RFF might be predictive of bronchial hyperresponsiveness in the context of normal FEV1 in children. (Korean J Pediatr 2008;51:323-328
International Agenda-Building and Agenda-Setting

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

To explore the influence of international public relations on US news media and public perceptions of foreign nations, this study used a triangulation of methods by comparing public relations counsel for foreign nations, media content and public opinion data in 1998 and 2002. The results indicate that while the relationship between public relations counsel and media coverage was minimal at the level of object and substantive attribute salience, noteworthy linkages were observed with affective attribute salience. In general, public relations counsel was associated with a decrease in the amount of negative news coverage. At the level of individual news stories, it was connected to increased positive valence in media content. For the dimensions of news coverage associated with public relations, media salience was related to public salience and attitudes regarding foreign nations. Theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed.
Metadata record for: A multi-omics dataset of heat-shock response in the yeast RNA binding protein Mip6

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

This dataset contains key characteristics about the data described in the Data Descriptor A multi-omics dataset of heat-shock response in the yeast RNA binding protein Mip6.
Contents:
1. human readable metadata summary table in CSV format 2. machine readable metadata file in JSON format

Versioning Note:Version 2 was generated when the metadata format was updated from JSON to JSON-LD. This was an automatic process that changed only the format, not the contents, of the metadata.
Comparative Analysis of 1470 nm and 1940 nm Wavelengths in Endovenous Laser Ablation of Large Diameter Great Saphenous Vein

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aim: To compare pathomorphological changes in the venous wall of large diameter great saphenous veins (GSV) after endovenous laser ablation (EVLA) using wavelengths of 1470 nm and 1940 nm. Materials and Methods: We studied 120 specimens of great saphenous veins from 30 patients with chronic venous disease with large-diameter (>1 cm). Patients were randomly divided into two groups. The 1st group received EVLA using wavelengths of 1470 nm, the 2nd group received EVLA using wavelengths of 1940 nm. Four specimens were taken at the level of the lower third of the thigh after laser coagulation in each patient. Vein specimens were processed for histological studies. Both qualitative and quantitative analyses were performed to assess the degree of wall changes. Results: The share of satisfactory results when using 1470 nm laser wavelengths is 83.3%, while when using 1940 nm laser wavelengths this result is 93.3%. When using both wavelengths of laser irradiation with a GSV diameter of more than 1 cm, no unsatisfactory results are observed. Conclusions: Obtained in our study data confirmed efficacy of the 1470 and 1940 nm endovenous laser ablation in the treatment of the large size GSV (more than 10 mm). Histological exams show preferability in the 1940 nm EVLA versa 1470 nm, considering the excellent result in the uniformity of distribution and safety in the deepness of the thermal injury.
Salt-Tolerant and Thermostable Glutaminases ofCryptococcusSpecies Form a New Glutaminase Family

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Genes encoding salt-tolerant and thermostable glutaminases were isolated from Cryptococcus species. The glutaminase gene, CngahA, from C. nodaensis NISL-3771 was 2,052 bp in length and encoded a 684-amino acid protein. The gene, CagahA, from C. albidus ATCC20293 was 2,100 bp in length and encoded a 700-amino acid protein. These glutaminases showed 44% identity. By searches on public databases, we found that these glutaminases are not similar to any other characterized glutaminases, but are similar to certain hypothetical proteins. On searching the conserved domain with the basic local alignment search tool (BLAST), it was found that they have the amidase domain and are members of the amidase signature superfamily. They were expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and their activity was detected on the cell surface. This study revealed that they are a new type of glutaminase with the amidase signature sequence, and that they form a new glutaminase family.
Mesenchymal stem cells derived from epicardial adipose tissue reverse cardiac remodeling in a rabbit model of myocardial infarction

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

OBJECTIVE: Myocardial infarction (MI) is one of the most important causes of death. MI-related tissue loss and cardiac remodeling may result in heart failure. Intramyocardial injection of mesenchymal stem cells derived from adipose tissues, in acute MI animal models, has shown promising regenerative capabilities. This study aimed to investigate the myocardial regenerative capacity of epicardial adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) in a rabbit model of MI.\n\nMATERIALS AND METHODS: A rabbit model of MI was performed in three groups: a sham-operated group, a control group, and a treatment group. MI was induced by coronary artery ligation via thoracotomy in the first operation. Four weeks after the first operation, intramyocardial injections of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS; control group) or ADSCs (10×106 in 100 μL; treatment group) were performed in the peri-infarct zone. Four weeks after the second operation, rabbits were sacrificed for further analysis.\n\nRESULTS: A significant increase in ejection fraction (p<0.0001) was detected in the treatment group, along with a significant increase in vascular density (p<0.001) and a significant decrease in infarct size (p<0.05) compared to the control group.\n\nCONCLUSIONS: Epicardial adipose tissue is a rich source of mesenchymal stem cells, which can differentiate into cardiomyocytes, as well as having neoangiogenic properties. Due to its potential to ameliorate chronic ischemic changes in the heart, it may be preferable in cardiac regenerative cell therapies.
Economywide effects of climate‐smart agriculture in Ethiopia

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Abstract Climate‐smart agriculture (CSA) is an approach for transforming and reorienting agricultural systems to support food security under climate change. Few studies, however, quantify at the national scale CSA's economic effects or compare CSA to input‐intensive technologies, like fertilizer or irrigation. Such quantification may help with priority setting among competing agricultural investment options. Our study uses an integrated biophysical and economic modeling approach to quantify and contrast the economywide effects of CSA (integrated soil fertility management in our study) and input‐intensive technologies in Ethiopia's cereal systems. We simulate impacts for 20‐year sequences of variable weather, with and without climate change. Results indicate that adopting CSA on 25% of Ethiopia's maize and wheat land increases annual gross domestic product (GDP) by an average 0.18% (US$49.8 million) and reduces the national poverty rate by 0.15 percentage points (112,100 people). CSA is more effective than doubling fertilizer use on the same area, which increases GDP by US$33.0 million and assists 75,300 people out of poverty. CSA and fertilizer have some substitutability, but CSA and irrigation appear complementary. Although not a panacea for food security concerns, greater adoption of CSA in Ethiopia could deliver economic gains but would need substantial tailoring to farmer‐specific contexts.
Heavy-weight (prolene) mesh versus light-weight (ultrapro) mesh in laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal inguinal hernia repair

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Context Laparoscopic repair of inguinal hernia has gained its place in the general practice; however, meshes such as prolene were the same as those used for open repair. New types of light-weight meshes such as ultrapro may be associated with less complications and rates of recurrence. Aim The study aimed to compare the outcomes of transabdominal preperitoneal inguinal hernia repair using heavy-weight (prolene) mesh versus the light-weight (ultrapro) mesh. Settings and design This is a prospective randomized comparative study. Materials and methods Sixty patients were recruited for this study. Fifteen patients were operated by transabdominal preperitoneal inguinal hernia repair using the light-weight mesh and 45 patients were operated using the heavy-weight mesh. The patients were surveyed for postoperative complications, such as seroma, obstruction, pain, and recurrence. Statistical analysis Continuous variables were expressed as mean and SD. Categorical variables were expressed as frequencies and percentage. Results There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups regarding the postoperative complications or recurrence rates. The light-weight meshes were superior regarding the first 24 h pain and pain after 1 week, 1, 6, and 12 months with early return to physical activity in comparison with the heavy-weight meshes. Conclusion Light-weight meshes are superior to the heavy-weight meshes in respect to the occurrence of pain and early return to work, yet with comparable results regarding the postoperative complications and recurrence rates.