jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Victims and Policy-Making: A Comparative Perspective

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

<p>Victims of crime are now the subjects of intense policy attention and reform across most developed nations, whilst also receiving sustained attention at the highest levels of the United Nations, the Council of Europe, and many other transnational organizations. Such moves have been fostered by the continued development of the international victims' movement and driven by a host of complex and interacting drivers which span jurisdictions. This volume sets out to contrast and compare the development of policies related to victims of crime and their place within the criminal justice systems in nine separate jurisdictions (the USA, the Netherlands, England and Wales, Scotland, the Republic of Ireland, Australia, New Zealand, Canada and South Africa). Based on first hand interviews with those responsible for formulating such policies, as well as detailed grounded and document analysis across these jurisdictions, this book exposes the national and transnational policy networks surrounding victims of crime and, in particular, examines how the provision of victim care is becoming globalized. In so doing, it represents a rare comparative evaluation of the underlying rationales and influences which have influenced the creation of such policies and places them in their true global context.</p>
Muslim Women Representation in Zoya Hijab Video Advertisement

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Advertisement as a tool of marketing usually displays the best quality of products to be advertised through the best portrayal of the products and roles shown by actresses. Women's representation in media is often related to gender roles in society. Gender stereotypes often determine how men and women should behave in society. Our review of the previous research shows that there is an inconsistency in the representation of women in media and advertisements. The current research collected data from Zoya Hijab video advertisements to reveal Muslim women's representation in the advertisements. The data analysis was conducted by applying multimodal analysis using Kress and Van Leeuwen’s (2006) visual grammar and Halliday’s (1994) systemic functional linguistics. The research results show the portrayal of Muslim women in terms of physical appearance, occupation, behavior, and traits in the video advertisements
Navigating Knowledge Boundary as an Organizational Strategy in Geo-political Asymmetry

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this paper is to reveal how an entrepreneurial subsidiary of an MNC in asymmetrical relationship with its affiliate pursues its strategic goals by mindfully navigating through knowledge boundary between them. By actively identifying, examining and leveraging knowledge gap between the two, the organization in geo-political asymmetry can develop focused, strategic learning; (1) to provide a deep, comprehensive understanding of the relationship and collaborative work, (2) achieve a successful contribution to the joint delivery of projects, and (3) enhance the organizational competence of its own by strengthening and expanding its knowledge boundary. The research findings shed light on the cross-boundary knowledge management and organizational learning, providing a novel approach from the perspective of a subsidiary or underdog, rather than, a head quarter or a major player who has all the project initiative in the context of geo-political asymmetry when dealing with knowledge coordination, product development and innovation.
Association of diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular oedema with renal function in southern Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a single-centre observational study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background and objectives The association of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and diabetic macular oedema (DME) with renal function in southern Chinese patients with diabetes is poorly understood. So we aimed to study the correlation between stage of DR and DME with stage of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and stage of urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR), and to explore the systemic risk factors for DR and DME. Design and setting This single-centre retrospective observational study was conducted from December 2017 to November 2018. Participants 413 southern Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Outcome measures The correlations between stage of DR and DME with stage of eGFR/UACR were assessed by Spearman’s or χ² analyses and represented with histograms. Risk factors associated with the occurrence of DR and DME were performed by logistic regression and represented with nomograms. Results Stage of DR had a positive correlation with stage of eGFR (r=0.264, p<0.001) and stage of UACR (r=0.542, p<0.001). With the stage of eGFR/UACR being more severe, the prevalence of DME became higher as well (both p<0.001). The risk factors for DR were DM duration (OR 1.072; 95% CI 1.032 to 1.114; p<0.001), stage of UACR (OR 2.001; 95% CI 1.567 to 2.555; p<0.001) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (OR 1.301; 95% CI 1.139 to 1.485; p<0.001), while risk factors for DME were stage of UACR (OR 2.308; 95% CI 1.815 to 2.934; p<0.001) and LDL (OR 1.460; 95% CI 1.123 to 1.875; p=0.008). Conclusions Among southern Chinese patients, stage of DR and DME were positively correlated with renal function, while stage of UACR performed a better relevance than stage of eGFR.
Fundamental Study of Simple Gas Adsorption and Adsorption-Induced Deformation in Carbonaceous Materials

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

This thesis has presented a fundamental study of simple gas adsorption and adsorption-induced deformation in carbonaceous materials including both graphite and porous carbon. Monte Carlo simulation was conducted to obtain the behaviours of adsorption and adsorption-induced solid deformation that are comparable to experimental studies including the adsorption isotherm, the strain isotherm and the isosteric heat, as well as the relevant microscopic properties that facilitate the understanding of underlying mechanisms.
Urban Birds Using Insects on Front Panels of Cars

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Urbanization influences the food availability and quality for birds in many ways. Although a great amount of food for birds is provided incidentally or intentionally in urban areas, the quantity of insect-based food can be reduced in cities. We studied the role of one artificial food source, insects smashed on the front panels of cars, in Finland, and more specifically in the city of Rovaniemi, by conducting questionnaire research, searching for data from databases and performing a field study. Our results indicated that a total of seven bird species have been detected using insects on the front panels of cars in Finland. However, this behavior is not yet common since about 60% of responders to the questionnaire stated that this behavior is currently either rare or very rare. Most of the observations identified House Sparrows, followed by the White Wagtail or the Eurasian Jackdaw. Only a few observations identified the Eurasian Tree Sparrow, the Hooded Crow, the Great Tit and the Eurasian Magpie. The phenomenon was distributed quite widely across Finland, except in the case of the Eurasian Jackdaws, for which observations were restricted only to the southern part of the country. The first observation was made about the House Sparrow in 1971, followed by the White Wagtail (1975), Hooded Crow (1997), Eurasian Jackdaw (2006), Eurasian Tree Sparrow (2011), Eurasian Magpie (2019) and Great Tit (2022). The species using this food source are mainly sedentary urban exploiters, such as corvids and sparrows, that have been previously reported to have several different types of innovative behaviors. Most of the observations were conducted in urban parking sites of hypermarkets, and no observations were made in residential areas. Most of the foraging observations were made during the end phase of the breeding season, partly supporting the extra need for high-quality insect-based food for nestlings and fledglings. Our observations indicate that this behavior is not yet common and widespread among species.
ELECTRODELESS DISCHARGE MODES IN NEON-NITROGEN MIXTURES WITH APPLICATION TO THE PLASMA DISPLAY PANEL

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Discharge buildup and decay was observed in the space between glass-covered electrodes when a sinusoidal voltage at 50 kHz was applied. Study of the emitted light in a mixture of neon + 10 % nitrogen revealed moving luminous regions, one cathode-directed which becomes a short-lived negative glow, and a second single- or multiply glowing region anode-directed which is similar to moving striations in a positive column. Three modes of discharge are observed, continuous and pulsed modes, as reported for the plasma display panel, and a third quasiglow mode, which gives high luminous output and also shows the memory desired for the plasma panel.
Social Inclusion Division Department of Social and Family Affairs strategic plan 2009 - 2011

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

A core overall aim of Government is to systematically reduce poverty, \nwith the aim of eliminating consistent poverty by 2016. Related aims are \nto reduce social exclusion and promote greater social inclusion and social \ncohesion. Among its functions the Department of Social and Family \nAffairs is tasked with formulating appropriate social protection and social \ninclusion policies and with working with other Departments and agencies \nin the delivery of Government polices and objectives. \nThe role of the Division, positioned within the Department, is to support \nand facilitate the strategic process at national and international levels in \nworking to achieve these aims. The Division was formed from the \nintegration of the Combat Poverty Agency and the Office for Social \nInclusion within the Department with effect from July 2009 and this new \nstrengthened Division will make the best use of the considerable \nexperience and expertise of the staff of both bodies. This is the first \nstrategic plan of the new Division
Interaction between the Government and the Spanish Civil Society during the Negotiations for the Accession of Spain into the European Union

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Western countries have established themselves and developed over the last two centuries in the model of the Nation-State, founded on national sovereignty. Civil societies from these countries have been educated and conditioned to respect and fully accept the principles and symbols of a sovereign Nation. They are sharply nationalistic civil societies. This interactive relationship between the Governments and their respective civil societies are the reason that motivates this paper.
Zinc Oxide as a New, Highly Efficient, Green, and Reusable Catalyst for Microwave‐Assisted Michael Addition of Sulfonamides to α,β‐Unsaturated Esters in Ionic Liquids.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Estimating groundwater recharge in the dry zone of Sri Lanka using weekly, 10-daily or monthly evapotranspiration data

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Howard and Lloyd (1979) have shown that daily values for rainfall and potential evapotranspiration are required in estimating recharge with a soil water balance model. However, available data may not be daily but weekly or even monthly. This is true for potential evapotranspiration data which are usually derived from pan evaporation data. This paper examines the effect of using distributed weekly, 10-daily or monthly potential evapotranspiration values rather than the actual daily values in estimating recharge with a soil water balance model. The results clearly show that in the dry zone of Sri Lanka, the evenly distributed weekly, 10-daily or even monthly potential evapotranspiration data can be used in a soil water balance model to obtain realistic groundwater recharge estimates, instead of actual daily potential evapotranspiration data.
A Meta-Analysis of Variables Related to Burnout Among Chinese Preschool Teachers

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

There are many studies on variables related to burnout among preschool teachers, but the results of these studies are inconsistent. This study explored the variables most associated with preschool teachers’ burnout through meta-analysis. The researchers conducted an extensive search of the China Knowledge Network (CNKI), Vip journal, and Wanfang databases. A total of 59 papers were included through strict inclusion criteria, and a total of 14 variables were analyzed. The results indicate that the variables that have large effect sizes with burnout are turnover intention ( r = 0.7124), job stress ( r = 0.4744), teacher efficacy ( r = −0.4331), and job satisfaction ( r = −0.4229). This study provides a data reference for the prevention and improvement of burnout among preschool teachers in China, and will also provide directions for further research to follow.
A new entropy-based algorithm for face localization

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Detecting and localizing a face in a single image is the most important part of almost all face recognition systems. Face localization aims to determine the image position of a face for verification purpose of documents such as passport, driving license, ID cards, etc. In this paper an entropy-based method is proposed for detecting the high information region of the image, which may include eyes, mouth, nose, etc. The derived regions in this stage of recognition are sent to feature extraction and classification phase. The method has been tested on the ORL database. The results show the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed method for face detection and localization in presence of white additive Gaussian noise up to 25 dBw. We have achieved localization rate 99.75% for detection of faces in the ORL data set that we had which means 1 miss over 400 ORL faces.
Change of Command in Combat: A Locus of Stress

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In the military a change of command is particularly stressful for the members of the unit involved. A comparison of units, some of which showed few increases in the indices of organizational stress and some of which showed great increases, revealed a relationship between the administrative style of the departing commander and the amount of stress experienced by the unit. The author describes methods used in the Army's First Infantry Division to help prevent excessive stress during the replacement period.
Dual‐Phase Titanate/Anatase with Nitrogen Doping for Enhanced Degradation of Organic Dye under Visible Light

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Synergy at work! A dual-phase photocatalyst comprising anatase and protonated titanate, synthesized by a low temperature one-pot process, synergistically adsorbs and degrades methylene blue dye under visible light. The two phases (see figure) work harmoniously to give accelerated breakdown of the organic dye.
Aproximación teórica al estudio de la violencia política en Colombia durante el siglo XX

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Among the armed groups involved in the political conflict that exists in Colombia since the sixties to date have participated the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia FARC Camilista- Union Army UC-ELN National Liberation Army People's Liberation EPL Movement April 19 M-19 AUC United Self Colombia, among others; well known ultra-right groups and military service of the State. lt then argues that political violence originated in various factors related to land issues, political exclusion, inequality, etc., causes the mid-twentieth century converged to the formation of subversive groups and, therefore, for the gestation of the longest armed conflict in world history. For the development of the text bibliographic or documentary method consisted of collecting, organizing, organize and analyze information found in books, statements, articles, etc., on political violence in Colombia was used. In conclusion will say that Colombia is in the air and therefore requires definitively resolve the conflict you have.
ITS and Transportation Safety: EMS System Data Integration to Improve Traffic Crash Emergency Response and Treatment

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This investigation is in response to the requirement for Strategic Highway Safety Plans (SHSPs), legislated by SAFETEA-LU, to address the need for data systems to allow for evidence-based safety planning. This study evaluates the use of information systems and intelligent transportation systems across the emergency response continuum of care to vehicle crash emergencies. Organizations that participate in the emergency response process often have siloed IT systems and are not able to share data with other agencies and organizations. An integrated system to produce data for real-time decision making and holistic performance and clinical analysis currently does not exist, but has the potential to improve emergency response and patient care. Proposed in this study is an Integrated Crash Trauma Information Network (ICTN) to allow for integrated information exchange. This study uses data collected from prior studies conducted in Minnesota, a literature review, case studies in Minnesota, and an in-depth analysis of the benefits of linking IT systems, the SHSP, Emergency Medical Services (EMS), 911, Trauma systems, and health information systems. A case study analysis was conducted across three overlapping dimensions to assess current challenges and potential benefits to integrated information sharing: operational, organizational, and governance. The study found potential health provision and data analysis benefits to integrated information sharing and posited a normative architecture to guide the design of systems to better use and analyze crash data. The design and development of a “proof of concept” system is recommended for the next phase of research.
TWO AFRICAN EXPLORERS II.—JOSEPH THOMSON

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Journal Article TWO AFRICAN EXPLORERS II.—JOSEPH THOMSON Get access H. R. TATE H. R. TATE Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar African Affairs, Volume XXXVII, Issue CXLIX, October 1938, Pages 449–463, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.afraf.a101259 Published: 01 October 1938
Introduction to simulation input modeling

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

In this tutorial we first review introductory techniques for simulation input modeling. We then identify situations in which the standard input models fail to adequately represent the available input data. In particular, we consider the cases where the input process may (i) have marginal characteristics that are not captured by standard distributions; (ii) exhibit dependence; and (iii) change over time. For case (i), we review flexible distribution systems, while we review two widely used multivariate input models for case (ii). Finally, we review nonhomogeneous Poisson processes for the last case. We focus our discussion around continuous random variables; however, when appropriate references are provided for discrete random variables. Detailed examples will be illustrated in the tutorial presentation.
Breast cancer prediction and stock portfolio management using fuzzy neural network

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Neural Networks have become increasingly popular in areas of prediction. Typical application in area of financial sector includes prediction of future stock market price. In the area of medical sector, Neural Networks prediction also gains its popularity by proving its accuracy in prediction making. A hybrid intelligent system called Takagi-Sugeno-Kang Type-2 Fuzzy Cerebellar Model Articulation Controller (T2FCMAC-TSK) is introduced in this paper. The Cerebellar Model Articulation Controller (CMAC) [Albus75] is one kind of neural network that provides local generalization and rapid algorithmic computational capabilities. Fuzzy Logic System incorporates into CMAC provides a better interpretation to the network, making the new system a better choice for engineer. Type-2 fuzzy logic concept implemented in the system even better enhance the system in term of uncertainty management, making the system more tolerable to noise and provide more reliable and accurate prediction. In this project, two methods of neural networks are used, the T2FCMAC-TSK and Adaptive Neural Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS). The main focus of this project is to compare and use these two fuzzy neural network systems as a tool for prediction applications, such as breast cancer prediction and stock price prediction.
Barriers to medication counselling for people with mental health disorders: a six country study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Provision of medication information may improve adherence and prevent medication related problems. People with mental health disorders commonly receive less medication counselling from pharmacists than people with other common long term and persistent disorders.Objective: The objective of this study was to compare and contrast barriers pharmacy students perceive toward providing medication counselling for people with mental health disorders in Australia, Belgium, Estonia, Finland, India and Latvia.Methods: Barriers identified by third-year pharmacy students as part of the International Pharmacy Students’ Health Survey were content analysed using a directed approach. Students’ responses were categorised as pharmacist related, patient related, health-system related, or social or cultural related. Quantitative data were analysed using SPSS version 14.0.Results: Survey instruments were returned by 649 students. Of the respondents, 480 identified one or more barriers to medication counselling for people with mental health disorders. Patient related factors accounted for between 25.3% and 36.2% of barriers identified by the pharmacy students. Pharmacist related factors accounted for between 17.6% and 45.1% of the barriers identified by the pharmacy students. Students in India were more likely to attribute barriers to pharmacist and social and cultural related factors, and less likely to health-system related factors, than students studying in other countries.Conclusion: The nature of barriers identified by pharmacy students differed according to the country in which they studied. Undergraduate and postgraduate pharmacy education programs may need to be amended to address common misconceptions among pharmacy students.