jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Dielectric Resonator Antenna on Printed Circuit Board

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

With the increased demand for high efficiency wireless communication systems, there is a requirement to develop the antenna systems that are effective and dependable. Instead of a traditional metallic antenna, a dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) could be a better solution to meet these applications. \nAs a tiny and compact antenna is desired for current applications, more and more on-chip designs are being developed. A rectangular dielectric resonator antenna (RDRA) set on printed circuit board (PCB) with a finite ground plane is prototyped to demonstrate on-chip application. One benefit of the on-board RDRA is that it allows for circuits underneath, both for on-chip and multi-chip applications. This makes for an efficient design and a more compact system. For modeling purposes, the on-chip circuit was designed on printed circuit board. \nThe prototype DRA has a resonant frequency at 10GHz with a bandwidth about 200MHz. It is coupled by using coplanar feed under the DRA. The DRAs are made of Barium Strontium Titanate (𝐵𝑎2𝑇𝑖9𝑂20) ceramic. Two types of RDRA were prototyped, a full size circuit ground plane as an initial design but with possibly some undesired radiation, and a T-shaped circuit ground plane design to study the ground plane effect. \nThe two RDRA prototypes were optimized in HFSS to obtain the dimension of the PCB as well as the dielectric resonator. Then the RDRA was constructed from a 𝐵𝑎2𝑇𝑖9𝑂20 ceramic and a FR4 PCB. \nThe simulated S11 for both were around -25dB and the measured S11 for both RDRA were around -35dB. The resonant frequencies for constructed RDRAs shifted from 10GHz to around 10.6GHz when using wax to bond the DR. When using sol-gel composite to bond, the resonant frequency shifted to around 11GHz for T-shaped circuit ground RDRA. The gain was -4dB for the full circuit ground RDRA in TEδ21 mode at 10.5GHz, 0dB for the T-shaped circuit ground RDRA in TEδ21 resonant mode at 10.6GHz, and 3.6dB for the T-shaped circuit ground RDRA in TE1δ1 mode at 8.6GHz.
Deep Learning-Based Artificial Intelligence for Mammography

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

During the past decade, researchers have investigated the use of computer-aided mammography interpretation. With the application of deep learning technology, artificial intelligence (AI)-based algorithms for mammography have shown promising results in the quantitative assessment of parenchymal density, detection and diagnosis of breast cancer, and prediction of breast cancer risk, enabling more precise patient management. AI-based algorithms may also enhance the efficiency of the interpretation workflow by reducing both the workload and interpretation time. However, more in-depth investigation is required to conclusively prove the effectiveness of AI-based algorithms. This review article discusses how AI algorithms can be applied to mammography interpretation as well as the current challenges in its implementation in real-world practice.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Enantioselective Reduction of Ketones by a Chiral Gallium Complex and Catecholborane.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
‘Find a Completely New Island’: Thing Theory and the Fragile Future of Travel in Alex Garland'sThe Beach

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This article examines the framing of travel in Alex Garland's novel The Beach ([1996] 1997. London: Penguin), and explores Bill Brown's Thing Theory as a means of conceptualizing Garland's engagement with fragile futures. The argument is that the novel's embeddedness in the so-called X Generation colours its futile presentation of futures, which is witnessed in the protagonist's unfulfilled desire for utopian travel. The striving for travel beyond touristic signification, which the article equates to Thing Theory's description of ‘thingness’ beyond the normal circuits of production, is the novel's defining element.The ultimate hopelessness of this striving, it is argued, presents a characteristically ‘Generation X’ attitude towards the fragility of utopian futures.
Children prefer to learn from mind‐readers

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Kim and Harris (, J. Cogn. Dev .) showed that children selectively learned from an informant who produced apparently magical outcomes as compared to another informant who produced only ordinary outcomes in the domain of everyday physics. In the present study, we tested children's ability to differentiate between and selectively learn from informants who displayed either an extraordinary or an ordinary ability in the domain of everyday psychology. Prior studies have shown that children come to appreciate what is ordinarily involved in knowing the private mental states of other people. Drawing on this research, we asked whether 3‐ to 4‐ and 5‐ to 6‐year‐old children preferentially learned from an informant who knew another person's mind via either an ordinary or an extraordinary form of communication. As compared to younger children, older children were more likely to learn from the extraordinary informant. Moreover, children's ability to differentiate between the two informants was a better predictor of their learning from the extraordinary informant than age. We discuss the findings in the light of prior work on selective learning, children's ideas about prayer and their understanding of impossibility.
Studies on the characters and the classlficatron of a crop named "Wangul" (Cyperus lwasakii M. and C. gloleeeratus L. ) in Korea. : II. Characters of C. lwasakii M. and C. glomeratus L.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

By the morphological and anatomical studies of the stem of wangul (C Iwasakii M. and C glomeratus L.) iri Korea, the following results were obtained 1.The stem of C.Iwasakii is longer and thicker than that of C.glomeratus, and there is not much difference in the stem numbcr between the two species. 2. The shape of a transverse section of stems shows variation from an equiangular triangle to an isoseeles triangle, but there is not fcund any difference between C. Iwasakii and C.glomeratus. 3. In a trarnverse section of the stem at its top, middle and base portions, the largest is the mlddle in C.Iwasaikii and the base in C.glomeratus respectively. The transverse section at the top is the smallest in both species. 4. The shape of sclerenchyma in the cortical layer is concave in C.Iwasakii, but convex in C glomeratus, and the parenchymatous cell in the medullary portion of the stem is fcur or five angular in the former, but roundish in the lattef. These anatomical differences will serve to discriminate, between thetwo species.
Inhibition of STAT1 modulates GVHD after allogeneic BMT through induction of S100A8/A9 (169.38)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract T cell depletion (TCD) of donor bone marrow (BM) reduces graft-versus-host-disease (GVHD) after allogeneic blood and marrow transplantation (alloBMT), but can result in poor T cell reconstitution and relapse. We have shown that transplantation of TCD BM deficient in the gamma interferon (IFNγ) receptor allows delayed donor lymphocyte infusions (DLI) without GVHD. We have replicated these results with TCD BM deficient in STAT1, which mediates IFNα and IFNγ signals, and demonstrated expanded plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs). In this study, we further characterized the mechanism of GVHD resistance. After MHC-matched, minor histocompatibility antigen-mismatched alloBMT, TCD STAT1-deficient BM prevents DLI-induced GVHD. Treatment of wild type BM donors and recipients with the glucagon-like peptide-1 analog, Exenatide, which mediates off-target inhibition of STAT1, attenuates GVHD and increases splenic B220+ cell recovery. TCD IRF9-deficient BM, which lacks IFNα signaling, does not prevent GVHD, confirming that IFNγ signaling via STAT1 is the primary pathway of GVHD resistance. Selective deletion of STAT1 using CD11c cre/STAT1flox BM is sufficient to attenuate GVHD-associated weight loss, further implicating a DC subset. Although S100 proteins are not typically found in pDCs, pDCs from TCD STAT1-deficient BM recipients express increased S100A8. Finally, TCD S100A8/A9-deficient BM causes more severe weight loss after DLI, confirming the relevance of S100 proteins in GVHD.
Hydrogenated Poly(p-vinylphenol) for Microlithography

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The characterization of partially hydrogenated poly(p-vinylphenol)s was carried out. By hydrogenation, oxidized sites of the polymers such as quinoid were reduced and the phenolic moiety was converted to cyclohexanolic structure. Accompanied with the structural changes, light transmittance was improved in a wide range of wavelength from visible to the deep-UV region. As the degree of hydrogenation increased, the alkali dissolution rate decreased, while the polymers showed very constant glass transition temperatures and etch durabilities to CF4/O2 plasma. These properties of hydrogenated poly(p-vinylphenol)s are considered to be suitable for a variety of photosensitive applications, especially photoresist materials for microlithography under deep-UV exposure.
Feeding the fire: Tracing the mass-loading of 10^7 K galactic outflows with O VI absorption

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Galactic outflows regulate the amount of gas galaxies convert into stars. However, it is difficult to measure the mass outflows remove because they span a large range of temperatures and phases. Here, we study the rest-frame ultraviolet spectrum of a lensed galaxy at z~2.9 with prominent interstellar absorption lines from O I, tracing neutral gas, up to O VI, tracing transitional phase gas. The O VI profile mimics weak low-ionization profiles at low velocities, and strong saturated profiles at high velocities. These trends indicate that O VI gas is co-spatial with the low-ionization gas. Further, at velocities blueward of -200 km/s the column density of the low-ionization outflow rapidly drops while the O VI column density rises, suggesting that O VI is created as the low-ionization gas is destroyed. Photoionization models do not reproduce the observed O VI, but adequately match the low-ionization gas, indicating that the phases have different formation mechanisms. Photoionized outflows are more massive than O VI outflows for most of the observed velocities, although the O VI mass outflow rate exceeds the photoionized outflow at velocities above the galaxy's escape velocity. Therefore, most gas capable of escaping the galaxy is in a hot outflow phase. We suggest that the O VI absorption is a temporary by-product of conduction transferring mass from the photoionized phase to an unobserved hot wind, and discuss how this mass-loading impacts the observed circum-galactic medium.
Evaluation of physico-chemical properties and sensory attributes of cassava enriched custard powder

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In view of the increasingly produced biofortified cassava roots in Nigeria, it becomes necessary to assess more of its utilization. This study therefore aimed at evaluating the nutrients value of custard powder produced from HQYCS (High quality yellow cassava starch) enriched with PDSF (Partially defatted soybean flour) at varying proportions of 10, 20, 30 and 40%. Proximate composition, carotenoid content, functional and pasting properties of the mixture were determined. Gruel prepared from the mixture were evaluated for consumer acceptability using commercial custard as control. Data obtained were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and significant means were separated using Tukey’s Test. Correlation analysis were performed on the data to determine the association between the parameters. Proximate composition that contains 13.29% protein, 8.31% fat, 1.24% fibre, 1.18% ash at 10% PDSF enrichment level increased to 15.45, 10.05, 3.96 and 2.15% for protein, fat, fibre and ash at 40% PDSF respectively. The highest total carotenoid content (9.42 ± 0.70 μg/g) was obtained in 100% custard powder. There was significant difference (p < 0.05) in the water absorption capacity of custard sample with a range of 103–189 g/g. Range values for pasting properties were peak viscosity (170.12–393.4 RVU), final viscosity (49.25–346.12 RVU), trough (104.00–264.92 RVU), setback (45.25–81.21 RVU), and breakdown (66.13–144.59 RVU). The sensory colour and the degree of (redness) of the sample were correlated at (p < 0.05) level. There was a significant difference between the overall acceptability of the entire enriched products and the control.
Stitching the patchwork : An examination of agri-environmental policy network in England

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The Agri-environmental Regulation, part of the 1992 CAP reform package, led to the (re)introduction of a number of agri-environmental schemes in the UK. These seek to counter some of the negative impacts that 'productivist' policies have made on the countryside in the post-war period. Although the Regulation is viewed as marginal to core agricultural policies by traditional interests, it represents an important policy shift towards the recognition of the complexity of the contemporary rural economy and the value placed on environmental goods by an urbanised society. A general move away from the development and implementation of public policies based on 'control and command' philosophies towards more open, consultative approaches has altered the mechanisms through which policy is designed and implemented. This study of the agri-environmental schemes in England examines the changing roles of individuals and organisations within the policy process, revealing a process that evolves through a policy network where actors interact and exchange resources rather than through a logical sequence of events. It also shows that the process of evaluation does not necessarily rest with an 'elite' group of actors but to a greater or lesser degree all actors feed into this process. The problems associated with evaluating non-quantifiable benefits from environmental goods have required actors to use their own judgements and beliefs to appraise policy outcomes. The potential effects of these issues on policy formation are discussed and assessed. Through interviews with farmers, their advisers, key officials in conservation and agricultural NGOs, and representatives of government statutory advisers and departments in England, a snapshot of the network organised around these schemes is described. It reveals how the policy process involves an extensive system of linkages and relationships between actors through which policy is constantly being refined.
Finite element analysis of SESD bracket assembly of rockford amplifier used in vehicle audio system

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The amplifier supporting bracket plays a vital role in reducing noise and vibration. Structural analysis of the Bracket assembly of Rockford amplifier used in audio system has been carried out to find the mechanical response of the structure, subjected to applied loads and given boundary conditions. Geometric modelling of the bracket is done by using CATIA V5 software. In this study, Finite element model is developed using simulation software, HYPERMESH 13.0, and based on the equipment description of bracket. MSC Nastran was used to carry out Finite element analysis. The component is mounted on plywood at two locations, which is modeled as elastics supports and axial and lateral stiffness for ply has been given in form for spring element. Free-Free analysis in normal mode is done to check model for errors. The results include deformed shape of the structure, displacements at required locations.Modal analysis is carried out to obtain modes of vibration and corresponding natural frequencies of the of SESD assembly. Resonance search analysis is carried out to detect the resonant frequency. Resonance search yields mode shapes between the range of 82.66 Hz and 673.08 Hz.
Susan Sontag: Photocritic

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Susan Sontag's book On Photography from 1977 marks an important point in the reception of photography. In Regarding The Pain of Others from 2003 she revisits some of the statements she made 26 years earlier. This essay is comparing the main theses of those two works by looking at two pictures that were made on 11 September 2001 and exhibited in the Here is New York exhibition.
Adaptative control of hydraulically powered cranes

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A decentralised control architecture has been developed for hydraulic crane control. The original control algorithm running on distributed electronic boards is a standard PID with constant gains. In order to make a flexible system applicable on several different machines without the tedious and often inacessible controller tuning, we studied an adaptative control algorithm based on analysis of system performances. Such a controller can take into account internal and external perturbations. / Une architecture de contrôle décentralisée a été développée pour la commande des grues hydrauliques. L'algorithme de contrôle d'origine utilisé sur les tableaux de commande répartis est un PID standard à gains constants. Afin de permettre l'application d'un système flexible sur différentes machines sans devoir effectuer de pénibles réglages du contrôleur souvent inaccessible, nous avons étudié un algorithme de commande adaptatif basé sur l'analyse des performances du système. Ce contrôleur peut tenir compte des perturbations internes et externes.
Implementation and sales impact of a capacity building intervention in Australian sporting facility food outlets: a longitudinal observational study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background Few studies have explored behavioural and financial impacts of retail initiatives after 2 years to address the unhealthy food environments common in local government sporting settings. Aims To evaluate the impact of a 2-year local government capacity building intervention in sporting facility food outlets on (1) the healthiness of refrigerated drink choices available and visible to customers, (2) healthiness of refrigerated drinks sold and (3) refrigerated drink revenue. Methods 52 sporting facilities within 8 local governments from Victoria, Australia, participated in an intervention between March 2018 and February 2020 by limiting ‘red’ (least healthy) drinks to ≤20% of refrigerator display and increasing ‘green’ (healthiest) drinks to ≥50% of display. Mixed models assessed changes in mean percentage of ‘red’, ‘amber’ and ‘green’ drinks displayed over time, compared with baseline. Facilities provided electronic weekly itemised sales data (December 2015 to February 2020). Weekly volume of ‘red’ or ‘green’ drinks sold as a proportion of total drinks sold, and total refrigerated drinks revenue were compared preimplementation and postimplementation using mixed models (seasonal facilities), and mixed-effect interrupted time series models (non-seasonal facilities). Results Display of ‘red’ drinks decreased by mean −17.1 percentage points (pp) (95% CI −23.9 to −10.3) and ‘green’ drinks increased 16.1 pp (95% CI 9.30, 22.9) between baseline and 18-month audits. At nine seasonal facilities, compared with the summer preimplementation, the mean volume of ‘red’ drinks sold decreased by −19.0 pp (95% CI −28.6, to –9.51) and refrigerated drink revenue decreased by−AU$81.8 (95% CI −AU$123 to –AU$40.8) per week. At 15 non-seasonal facilities, by February 2020, the volume of ‘red’ drinks sold decreased on average by −11.0 pp (95% CI −21.6 to –0.41) with no change in drink revenue. Conclusion Reducing the display of unhealthy drinks can be an effective public health policy to improve the healthiness of customer purchases, provided there is consideration of potential impacts on revenue.
Modified pedicle screw-rod versus anterior subcutaneous internal pelvic fixation for unstable pelvic anterior ring fracture: A retrospective study and finite element analysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Objectives: This study compared the stability and clinical outcomes of modified pedicle screw-rod fixation (MPSRF) and anterior subcutaneous internal pelvic fixation (INFIX) for the treatment of anterior pelvic ring fractures using Tornetta and Matta grading system and finite element analyses.Methods: In a retrospective review of a consecutive patient series, 63 patients with Orthopaedic Trauma Association (OTA)/Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesefragen (AO) type B or C pelvic ring fractures were treated by MPRSF (n=30) or INFIX (n=33). The main outcome measure were Majeed score, incidence of complications and adverse outcomes, and fixation stability was evaluated by finite element analysis (FEA).Results: two groups did not differ in terms of injury severity score, OTA classification, cause of injury, and time to pelvic surgery. However, the MPSRF group had a higher satisfactory rate according to the Tornetta and Matta grading system than the INFIX group (73.33% vs 63.63%) as well as a higher Majeed score (81.5±10.4 vs 76.3±11.2), which was statistically significant at 6 months’ post-surgery. FEA showed that MPRSF was stiffer and more stable than INFIX and had a lower risk of implant failure.Conclusions: Both MPSRF and INFIX have acceptable biomechanical stability for the treatment of unstable pelvic anterior ring fractures. However, MPRSF has better fixation stability and lower risk of implant failure, which can lead to better clinical outcomes.
Emulsion comprising antioxidant particles

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The present invention relates to compositions comprising particles prepared from one or more biological materials and/or animal lipids and/or plant lipids that are capable of locating to an interface when combined with two or more immiscible liquids. Emulsions comprising the compositions comprising particles, wherein the emulsion has an internal phase dispersed in a continuous external phase and the particles are located at the interface of the external and the internal phase, methods of preparing such compositions and emulsions, the use of such compositions and emulsions and products containing the compositions and emulsions are also described.
Bryophytes and environmental heavy metal pollution monitoring.

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Bryophyte is widely accepted as one of the most susceptible indicators for monitoring air pollution due to its characteristics of sensitivity,accuracy,and directness.In recent years,it is widely applied to the research of heavy metal monitoring.This paper presented the principles,characteristics,affecting factors,and ecological and chemical approaches of bryophytes-monitoring heavy metal pollution system,and the history,current situation,and prospects of related researches,aimed to promote further studies.
Ruptured caesarean scar ectopic pregnancy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Caesarean scar ectopic is a rare form of ectopic whose incidence has been on rise recently due to increase in incidence of caesarean section. In 1972 the first report of scar ectopic was reported in medical literature. It is a type of abnormal implantation in a scarred uterus following surgery most commonly caesarean section. Early diagnosis and management is the key to prevent morbidity and mortality. Here we present a case of gravida 3 para 2 with previous 2 LSCS with ruptured caesarean scar ectopic with massive haemorrhage. Timely resuscitation and laparotomy helped prevent morbidity and mortality in this patient.