jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Physiological responses of banana (MusaAAA; Cavendish sub-group) in the subtropics. IV. Comparison between tissue culture and conventional planting material during the first months of development

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

SummaryUniform tissue culture (TC) and conventional sucker (CON) planting material of cv. Williams were planted in adjacent rows on a late (28 January 1991) and an early (28 October 1991) planting date (PD) and managed similarly. Measurements of photosynthesis rate (A) between TC and CON plants were taken with portable photosynthesis measuring equipment on a total of five plants per month for each planting material type and repeated twice per month over the first six months after planting. The respective plants on which A was measured were analyzed for dry-mass production and carbohydrate status of all plant parts at the end of each month. TC plants produced a 77% larger root system than CON after five months of development, following October PD. During the same time TC plants had developed a 99% greater mean functional leaf area. A further advantage of TC plants was the earlier attainment of increased assimilation potential, having an average of higher A than CON during the first three months of development. These combined advantages of TC plants led to a doubling of plant dry-mass production compared with CON after the first five months of development. Additionally, TC plants had earlier sucker production and a higher sucker count, which led to an increase in sucker dry matter of 63%, five months after planting. Due to planting material morphology, the growth potential of TC plants is dependent on, and responds better to, more intensive management from the day of planting, while CON plants in their early development are more dependent on the initial mass of the planting material and reserves in the rhizome.
RESEARCH ARTICLE Mixed Integer Nonlinear Programming Using Interior-Point Methods

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

In this paper, we outline a bilevel approach for solving mixed integer nonlinear programming problems. The approach combines a branch-and-bound algorithm in the outer iterations and an infeasible interior-point method in the inner iterations. We report on the details of the implementation, including the efficient pruning of the branch-and-bound tree via equilibrium constraints, warmstart strategies for interior-point methods, and the handling of infeasible subproblems, and present numerical results on a standard problem library. Our goal is to demonstrate the viability of interior-point methods, with suitable modifications, to be used within any MINLP framework, and the numerical results provided are quite encouraging.
Fuzzy Logic Application in Improving Maintenance in a Beverage Manufacturing Company

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Fuzzy logic approach was done on a beverage manufacturing company focusing on the bottle washing process. The main problem is that the pneumatic valve of the bottle washer that controls the discharge of clean bottles sometimes sticks or fails, which results in significant loss of production since this is a bottleneck operation. The main causes of failure were found to be the temperature and pressure, which often fell outside the required ranges, and minor contributions to failure due to moisture and abrasive particles. In order to solve this problem, a model reference adaptive fuzzy controller was designed for the pneumatic valve using the MATLAB software. The model reference adaptive control (MRAC) system consists of the reference model that has the desired output of the system. The error resulting from the difference between the actual system output and that of the reference model is executed by the fuzzy logic controller (FLC). The simulation of the behaviour of the valve in response to the reference model was done using Simulink.
NEW DISCOVERIES IN OLD LAKES: THREE NEW SPECIES OF TYLOMELANIASARASIN & SARASIN, 1897 (GASTROPODA: CERITHIOIDEA: PACHYCHILIDAE) FROM THEMALILI LAKE SYSTEM ON SULAWESI, INDONESIA

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Lakes provide ideal natural laboratories for the study of evolutionary processes. Research on an assumed adaptive radiation of a species flock of viviparous freshwater gastropods in the Malili lake system on Sulawesi, Indonesia, known for a century, led to the unexpected discovery of new taxa. Three new species of Tylomelania Sarasin & Sarasin, 1897, T. bakara n.sp., T. kruimeli n.sp. and T. helmuti n.sp., are described based on their easily recognizable and distinct shell morphologies. Unique combinations of radular and embryonic shell characters support their status as distinct species. Two of the new species are lacustrine: T. bakara is restricted to a single location with a specific substrate and habitat in Lake Towuti, while T. kruimeli is distributed throughout Lake Mahalona. In contrast, T. helmuti is fluviatile and occurs in a stream system draining into Lake Towuti. The discovery of new species within the species flock under investigation is surprising, since the range of forms seemed known and, after preliminary studies, even a reduction in the number of species recognized as valid was expected. This example highlights the importance of extensive and systematic collecting even on a rather small geographical scale for studies on the phylogeny and evolutionary biology of freshwater gastropods.
Synthesis of (Trifluoromethylthio) Cubanes

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Reaction of trifluoromethylthiocopper with 1,4-diiodo- and 1-bromo-4-iodocubanes furnishes 1-iodo-4-(trifluoromethylthio)-, 1-bromo-4-(trifluoromethylthio)- and 1,4-bis(trifluoromethylthio)cubanes in respectable yields.
Trial wave functions with long-range Coulomb correlations for two-dimensionalN-electron systems in high magnetic fields

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A new class of analytic wave functions is derived for two dimensional N-electron (2 <= N < infinity) systems in high magnetic fields. These functions are constructed through breaking (at the Hartree-Fock level) and subsequent restoration (via post-Hartree-Fock methods) of the circular symmetry. They are suitable for describing long-range Coulomb correlations, while the Laughlin and composite-fermion functions describe Jastrow correlations associated with a short-range repulsion. Underlying our approach is a collectively-rotating-electron-molecule picture, yielding for all N an oscillatory radial electron density.
Constructions of Resilience: Ethnoracial Diversity, Inequality, and Post-Katrina Recovery, the Case of New Orleans

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In this paper, we draw on multi-level census data, in-depth interviews, ethnographic and Geographical Information Systems (GIS) methods to examine the effects of median household income, ethnoracial diversity, and flood damage on rates of post-Katrina repopulation in New Orleans. Our main finding is that New Orleans neighborhoods have been experiencing modest increases in ethnoracial diversity as well as a retrenchment of socio-spatial inequalities, as measured by low diversity scores, low median household income levels, and high poverty rates. In addition to documenting the objective indicators of “recovery”, we draw attention to the socially constructed nature of resilience. Based on interviews and ethnographic field observations, we investigate how resident constructions of resilience shape their views of the post-Katrina recovery process, provide a compelling and reassuring story of community revitalization, and convey a sense of collective power and control despite continued vulnerability to hazards and disasters.
‘The storyteller who survived’: the Greek crisis through its biggest blockbuster film Worlds apart by Christopher Papakaliatis (2015)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This article explores aspects of the Greek crisis through the reception of its biggest blockbuster film Ένας άλλος κόσμος [Worlds Apart] by Christopher Papakaliatis (2015). Based on articles, interviews, reviews and virtual ethnography findings, it argues that before the crisis Papakaliatis’ work had largely encapsulated through millennium’s careless life politics. During the crisis, however, Papakaliatis shifted to political topics, combining emotive and anti-austerity rhetorics with pretty aesthetics and abundant referents to the pre-crisis prosperity. Blending aesthetics of the leisurely 2000s with the (re)politicized 2010s Papakaliatis attracted mixed audiences, and intrigued viewers who were previously reluctant to his work. Hence, he became one of the few 2000s pop icons who survived in the crisis era.
VON HIPPEL-LINDAU SYNDROME: ASPECTS OF TREATMENT AND MANAGEMENT. CASE REPORT AND LITERATURE REVIEW

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The steadily growing interest in studying of endocrine genetics is driven not only by the search for new pathologies but also by the most pressing need to develop methods for early diagnosis, treatment and management of patients. Though 20% of all the patients with von Hippel-Lindau syndrome do not have a family history of the disease; a genetic basis is a natural characteristic of the disease and determinates a phenotype. Despite the nonaggressive course, in general, a relative unpredictability of the syndrome signs onset and the lack of regular monitoring can increase the risk of surgery complications and cause a disability at a young age. The presented clinical case shows the need for a multidisciplinary approach to management of the patients with von Hippel-Lindau syndrome.
Study on Preparation of CrSi Thin Film Resistance by Magnetron Sputtering

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Thin films prepared by magnetron sputtering can overcome the shortcomings of electron beam evaporation and have the advantages of film thickness control, adhesion, density, conductivity and refractive index, etc. This paper uses the method of literature research and review to clarify the specific process influencing factors in the preparation of CrSi films by magnetron sputtering and subsequent annealing. It provides a reference basis for the integrated application of CrSi thin film resistors.
Atlas-a facility for high energy density physics research at Los Alamos National Laboratory

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Atlas is a facility designed to perform high energy-density experiments in support of weapon-physics and basic-research programs at Los Alamos. The capacitor bank design consists of a 36-MJ array of 600-kV Marx modules. The system is designed to deliver a peak current of 20-25 MA with a 2-3 /spl mu/s rise time. The capacitor bank is resistively damped to limit fault currents and capacitor voltage reversal. Both oil- and air-insulated Marx module designs are being evaluated. An experimental program for testing both prototype components and the air-insulated concept is currently underway. The capacitor bank design contains 300 closing switches. The primary candidate is a modified version of a Maxwell railgap switch originally designed for the DNA-ACE machines. An alternative candidate is a low-inductance surface-discharge switch. Because of the large number of switches in the system, individual switch prefire rates are required to be less than 10/sup -4/ to protect the high-value loads and targets. Experiments are underway to determine if switch-prefire probability can be reduced by increased capacitor charging rates. A pulse-charging system is described which is capable of charging the 36-MJ capacitor bank to full voltage in 40 milliseconds. This system would use the LANL 1430-MVA generator and a 50-MJ set of intermediate energy-storage inductors. Charging the capacitor bank with a large rectifier connected directly to the generator is another option, and would produce charging times in the 1-6 s range. Conventional rectifiers and grid power would be used for charging times >6 seconds.
Does the guided online cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia “i-Sleep youth” improve sleep of adolescents and young adults with insomnia after childhood cancer? (MICADO-study): Study protocol of a randomized-controlled trial

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract

Background: Adolescents and young adults who had childhood cancer are at increased risk for insomnia, due to being critically ill during an important phase of their life for the development of good sleep habits. Insomnia is disabling and prevalent after childhood cancer (26-29%) and negatively impacts quality of life, fatigue, pain and general functioning and is often associated with other (mental) health problems. Insomnia and a history of childhood cancer both increase the risk of adverse health outcomes, posing a double burden for adolescents who had childhood cancer. The first-line treatment for insomnia is cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I). However, access to this type of care is often limited. The guided online CBT-I treatment “i-Sleep” has been developed to facilitate access via online care. i-Sleep is shown effective in adult (breast cancer) patients, but it is unknown if iCBT-I is effective in pediatric oncology. Methods/design: We developed a youth version of i-Sleep. Our aim is to evaluate its effectiveness in a national randomized-controlled clinical trial comparing iCBT-I to a waiting-list control condition at 3 and 6 months ( n =70). The intervention group will be also assessed at 12 months to see whether the post-test effects are maintained. Adolescents and young adults aged 12-30 years with insomnia, diagnosed with (childhood) cancer, currently at least 6 months since their last cancer treatment will be eligible. Outcomes include sleep efficiency (actigraphic), insomnia severity (self-report), sleep and circadian activity rhythm parameters, fatigue, health-related quality of life, perceived cognitive functioning, chronic distress, depressive- and anxiety symptoms and intervention acceptability. Discussion: Insomnia is prevalent in the pediatric oncology population posing a double health burden for adolescents and young adults who had childhood cancer. If guided iCBT-I is effective, guidelines for insomnia can be installed to treat insomnia and potentially improve quality of life and the health of adolescents and young adults who had childhood cancer. Trial registration: NL7220 (NTR7419; Netherlands Trial register), registered 02-August-2018
Prognostic Value of the Glycoprotein TAG-72 in Patients with Gastric Cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The specificity of the tumor markers used to date in patients with gastric cancer has not been satisfactory. For this reason we decided to evaluate the utility of TAG-72 in this disease. Between 1993 and 1998 we determined the levels of TAG-72 in 638 subjects (148 healthy volunteers, 33 patients with chronic renal failure (CRF), 149 patients with benign diseases of the liver, 95 patients with benign gastrointestinal diseases and 213 patients with gastric cancer). TAG-72 was measured using an IRMA method. Statistical analysis of the data was performed with the BMDP package. We established a cutoff for TAG-72 of 3 U/mL, corresponding to the 92.6th percentile of the healthy controls. We observed that neither CRF nor benign liver diseases affected TAG-72 levels, while certain benign gastrointestinal diseases did cause alterations of the marker. Using Cox multivariate analysis we discovered that the preoperative TAG-72 level was an independent prognostic variable associated with both disease-free and overall survival. We conclude that, although TAG-72 is not useful for the diagnosis of gastric cancer, it is a suitable tool for disease monitoring and prognostic assessment.
Mechanism ofPolygonum multiflorum R50 on apoptosis of human colorectal cancer cells

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

OBJECTIVE To investigate the mechanism of 50% ethanol eluted extract of raw Polygonum multiflorum( R50) on cell cycle and apoptosis of human colorectal cancer cells. METHODS Cell viability was detected by MTT assay after HT29 and HCT116 cells were treated with R50 50-300 mg·L-1for 24,48 and 72 h,respectively. Cell cycle and apoptosis were assayed by flow cytometry after the cells were treated with R50 50,100 and 200 mg·L- 1for 48 h. The morphological changes of cells and nuclei were observed under a light microscope in Giemsa staining and the expression of procaspase-3 and Pdcd4proteins was detected by Western blotting after the cells were treated with R50 100 mg·L- 1for 48 h.RESULTS HCT116 and HT29 cells were inhibited by R50 in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. There was no significant change was observed in cell cycle in the two human colorectal cancer cells treated with R50. R50 induced cell apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner with R50 50,100 and200 mg·L- 1for 48 h. The apoptotic rate of HCT116 cells in R50 200 mg·L- 1group increased to( 27. 65± 1. 62) % from( 5. 85 ±0. 35) % of control group( P 0. 05),and that of HT29 cells in R50 200 mg·L- 1group increased to( 35. 35 ± 0. 35) % from( 10. 25 ± 0. 77) % of control group( P 0. 05). Cell shinkage,nuclear condensation and apoptotic bodies were observed. Procaspase-3 and Pdcd4 proteins were down-regulated in HCT116 and HT29 cells after R50 100 mg·L- 1was treated for 48 h. CONCLUSION R50 inhibits the viability of HCT116 and HT29 cells largely by inducing cell apoptosis through the caspase pathway. The down-regulation of Pdcd4 may be related to cell apoptosis.
Can Scotland withdraw and remain in the EU

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

For the Scottish government the twin goals of withdrawing from the UK and remaining in the European Union are challenging but potentially attainable. The prospect is not a unicorn vision like the belief that it is possible to leave the EU while keeping current benefits of remaining in the single European market. The Scottish government’s strategy is about sequencing: withdraw first from the UK so that an independent Scotland can then remain a member state of the EU.
The Impact of the Treatment with Câmpeni Red Petroleum on a XVIII-th Century Icon

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This paper presents the study regarding the impact of the treatment with Câmpeni red petroleum on an eighteenth-century icon made of wood, with the aim of active preservation and restoration. In accomplishing this endeavour, there were applied non-invasive techniques of analysis based on optical microscopy (OM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) coupled with Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), micro-FTIR and colorimetry CIEL*a*b*. A series of chemical, physical-structural and mechanical characteristics of the wood were traced, in order to assess the degree of preservation enhancement as a result of the applied treatment.
Collaborative Study of the Food Chemicals Codex Method for the Determination of the Neutralizing Value of Sodium Aluminum Phosphate

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Fifteen laboratories participated in a collaborative study to evaluate the Food Chemicals Codex method for the determination of the neutralizing value of sodium aluminum phosphate. The AOAC method for determining the neutralizing value of sodium acid pyrophosphate, sec. 8.010, was also included in the study. The precisions of the Food Chemicals Codex method, based on the between-replicate standard deviation and on one collaborator making one determination, are 1.16 and 3.66, respectively. The Food Chemicals Codex method for the determination of the neutralizing value of sodium aluminum phosphate has been adopted as official first action.
Purification and characterization of a 4-hydroxybenzoate decarboxylase from an anaerobic coculture

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The oxygen-sensitive 4-hydroxybenzoate decarboxylase (4OHB-DC) activity from a phenol-carboxylating coculture, consisting of Clostridium-like strain 6 and an unidentified strain 7, was studied. Assays done with cell extracts showed that the optimal pH was 5.0-6.5 and the Km was 5.4 mM. The activity decreased by 50% in the presence of 5 mM EDTA, and it was restored and even enhanced by the addition of Mg++, Mn++, Zn++, or Ca++. After purification, the molecular mass of the enzyme was estimated as 420 kDa by gel chromatography, and as 119 kDa by SDS-PAGE, suggesting a homotetrameric structure. Its pI was 5.6. The N-terminal amino acid sequence showed 95% and 76% homology with the pyruvate-flavodoxin oxidoreductase (nifJ gene product) from Enterobacter agglomerans and Klebsiella pneumoniae, respectively. The purified enzyme also slowly catalyzed the reverse reaction, that is the phenol carboxylation. These characteristics suggest that this enzyme is different from other known decarboxylases. This includes the 4OHB-DC from Clostridium hydroxybenzoicum, which is the only one that had been purified before.
Matteo Ricci's teaching on the goodness of human nature: its Thomistic and neo‐Confucian sources

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract The Jesuit missionary Matteo Ricci's teaching on the goodness of human nature in The True Meaning of the Lord of Heaven represents the fruit of the first encounter between Catholicism and Confucianism. This article will consider the Thomistic and neo‐Confucian sources in Ricci's enunciation of the Catholic doctrine on the goodness of human nature in this Chinese catechism. It will illustrate that Ricci developed his teaching, which is fundamentally Thomistic, with the help of terminology borrowed from the Chinese philosophical tradition. His distinction between the good of nature and the good of virtue leads to prioritising the cultivation of human nature. Ricci's teaching reflects the early modern Jesuits’ appreciation of human freedom. It also displays a Catholic reaction to the sixteenth‐century neo‐Confucian intellectual trend that ignored the importance of moral cultivation.
MENGUKUR KEPUASAN MAHASISWA DALAM MENGGUNAKAN APLIKASI MUSIC STREAMING MENGGUNAKAN METODE AHP

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Online streaming applications are currently very popular among the public, especially students. Because of this user interest, the author wanted to conduct research. This research uses the AHP method to measure students' level of satisfaction with the use of music streaming applications. The research evaluation criteria included quality, service, price and payment. Questionnaires are used to determine student preferences and assessment of related criteria. The collected data was analyzed using the AHP method and the application priorities were compared. These findings will help developers and users improve quality and user experience. The research was conducted using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) methodology on students in the Bekasi City area with a population of 7058 people and obtained a sample size of 379 respondents using the Slovin formula. The research results show that Spotify is the most popular music streaming application among users, especially students. Followed by applications such as Joox and YouTube.