jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Molecular characterization of Saccharomyces cerevisiae extracellular matrix and yeast response to different sizes of hyaluronan

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, presents itself as the best studied eukaryotic model, with the possibility to modify its genetic information with highly advanced molecular techniques. This microorganism displays a high degree of similarity and conservation of processes with higher eukaryotes. Several fundamental mechanisms such as cell cycle regulation, DNA replication, recombination and repair were first uncovered in this microorganism. From areas as cancer to neurological diseases, as Parkinson, yeast has provided vital information. Different kinds of diseases in humans are connected to the Extracellular Matrix (ECM), like fibrosis and scleroderma. Therefore, the study of ECM components function as well as its regulation has been receiving lots of attention. Several of these, such as the structural molecule Hyaluronic Acid (HA) and diffusible growth factors, have the capacity to signal and redirect the behavior of the surrounding cells. HA has the ability to give different signal inputs depending solely on its size and concentration. Yeast is a unicellular eukaryotic with the remarkable capacity to live as individual, small aggregates and colonies. Within a colony, yeast cells live or die according to their relative position, being able to differentiate into hyphae, as well as pseudohyphae, and stalks. All these accomplished through the communication between the cells within the colony, which are embedded on a yet uncharacterized ECM. Besides ECM tridimensional structure aspect, none is known regarding its composition and organization. So an efficient method for the extraction, analysis and identification of S. cerevisiae ECM components, proteins and sugars, in colonies is currently in the last phase of implementation. The knowledge of the main constituents of the ECM will be a milestone in the establishment of this microbe as a model organism for ECM-related processes. Yeast doesn’t present the necessary enzymes and receptors to produce a response from HA. As yeast lacks the capacity to produce, degrade or “understand” the HA molecules, it is an excellent model for the manipulation of all aspects regarding the eukaryotic transduction of information from HA. The heterologous expression of HA receptors in yeast (CD44 and HMMR),the effect of this glycosaminoglycan on the main pathways, HOG, PKC or TOR, as well as changes in duplication time, chronological aging or life span, are also currently underway. The main asset of our work resides on the use of a simpler and better understood model, the yeast, for the study of HA effects on eukaryotic cells, and how the information is transduced. The characterization of yeast own ECM, and the understanding of the HA effect on this microorganism could lead yeast to a privileged position as a model organism for the study of ECM-related pathologies.
Sex and Skill in the Organisation of the Clothing Industry

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This chapter looks at the clothing industry, which has a larger concentration of women employees than any other industry. The clothing industry has an exceptionally high reliance on female labour, about 80 per cent of the total labour force. Being a labour-intensive industry, it is particularly dependent on cheap labour. With a wide-ranging product – light and heavy clothing, men's, women's and children's wear – the methods of production are diverse and unevenly developed. Since the war, developments of the clothing industry have been very uneven. The technical basis for development exists, but mostly the industry cannot afford it. The range of producers and the range of products make it difficult to typify contemporary production methods; there is a wider division of labour than that which occurs in the factory. The sewing machine has become a sophisticated and fast piece of equipment. Straight seams can now be stitched automatically so that this operation amounts to machine feeding rather than sewing.
Identification of Redox-Regulated Pathways via Redox Proteomics

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

In recent years, the view on protein oxidation changed from a primarily biomolecular damaging process to a highly dynamical post-translational modification involved in the regulation of the function, structure, and signaling properties of proteins. Along with this, methods evolved to detect and characterize those modifications. Especially, mass spectrometry-based methods in combination with chemical probes proved to give a great contribution to a more specific, reliable, and sensitive characterization of oxidative post-translational modifications (ox-PTM). The development of liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry-based methods was further accelerated by recent progress in instrument development, significantly improving speed, resolution, and sensitivity of mass spectrometers. This fruitful combination enables the identification, quantification, and characterization of thousands of ox-PTM in one experiment. In this chapter, general considerations for sample preparation are made and different basic principles and exemplary approaches are summarized to enable successful analysis of cysteine oxidative post-translational modifications. Furthermore, analytical limitations and the need for a proper experimental design and controls will be discussed.
MCTFWC: a multiscale CNN-transformer fusion-based model for wound image classification

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Chronic wounds affect millions of individuals globally, creating substantial challenges for healthcare systems due to high medical costs and the complexity of wound management. Accurate classification of wound types is crucial for effective diagnosis and treatment planning, enabling clinicians to determine optimal care procedures efficiently. However, most existing deep learning methods focus on binary classification and struggle with multiclass wound classification, particularly in distinguishing complex wound types such as pressure and diabetic wounds. This study proposes a novel dual-branch architecture that combines a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and a Transformer to enhance wound classification accuracy. The CNN branch, based on a ResNet backbone, captures local features, while the Transformer branch, structured with a pyramidal multi-scale design, encodes global contextual information at multiple resolutions. A Feature Fusion Attention Block (FFAB) at each encoding level enhances feature integration through spatial and channel attention mechanisms. The proposed model achieves superior performance in both binary and multiclass wound classification, with average accuracies of 91.20% and 89.80%, respectively, outperforming state-of-the-art methods. Ablation studies confirm the effectiveness of key components, including the FFAB and parallelized CNN-Transformer structure. This work demonstrates the potential of the proposed approach to significantly improve diagnostic accuracy and efficiency, offering a robust solution for wound image classification in intelligent medical systems.
Ischemic stroke in the early postoperative period of a transposition of great arteries in a 5 and a half months female infant

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

1 Servicio de Patologia Forense. Instituto de Medicina Legal. Sevilla. 2 Servicio de Anatomia Patologica. HU Virgen Macarena. Sevilla. RESUMEN La Transposicion de los Grandes Vasos con septum integro (TGV con SI) es una cardiopatia congenita caracterizada por la existencia de una discordancia aislada ventriculo-arterial con concordancia auriculo-ventricular. Al no existir mezcla entre las circulaciones sistemica y pulmonar a traves de una comunicacion interventricular se trata de una cardiopatia cianosante severa, ya que no es posible la oxigenacion a nivel sistemico. Presentamos el caso de una nina diagnosticada de TGV con SI a los 5 meses y 15 dias de edad. Se intervino mediante atriseptostomia de urgencia y posterior cirugia de “recuperacion” (banding de la arteria pulmonar y shunt subclavia-pulmonar) previa a la correccion anatomica mediante switch arterial. Fallecio a los 8 dias del ingreso como consecuencia de un infarto cerebral isquemico.
EXTRACORPOREAL SHOCKWAVE LITHOTRIPSY;

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Treatment of renal stone is always a challenge. High incidence ofrecurrence of renal stone compels the treating physician to opt for minimally invasive treatment. With the advent of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy the treatment has been completely revolutionized. The treatment of lower polar stoneis always tiring, and usually involves multiple modalities, the low lie of the stone, difficult clearance, narrow infundibulum,and higher incidence of regrowth make it difficult to treat. Objectives: We assessed the role of diuretic in the clearanceof lower polar stone after shock wave lithotrispsy, (SWL). Material and Methods: 60 patients were selected from bothsexes and divide them in two equal groups, with age 20-75 Y for group 1, and 5-72 Y for group II. Stone size from 5-20mm were included in our study. The patients underwent ESWL. The group I was offered inj Frusemide 20 mgintravenously after shock wave lithotripsy, while patients in group II were kept as control.Results: The stone clearancein group I was 73.3, and 60% in group II. Which is quite significant. Conclusion: The use of diuresis after ESWLsignificantly increases the clearance rate for lower polar stones.
Psychosocial interventions in emergencies: theoretical models and their ethical and political implications in the Venezuelan context. The case of UNICEF.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This dissertation presents an analysis of the models of psychosocial processes structuring UNICEF’s psychosocial intervention after the emergency caused by the floods in Venezuela during 1999, and some of their political and ethical implications. I discuss how UNICEF’s intervention in the shelter of Fuerte Tiuna, in Caracas, provides a context in which discourses and practices construct the disaster as an event of a particular type, affording particular positions to those affected by it, and presenting the intervention as a reparative response that engages in different ways with these constructions. Specific issues explored by this dissertation include how practices and discourses construct the disaster and its impact on persons and communities; the nature of the psychosocial intervention; the subject; and the different forms of expertise involved in the intervention. Further, it examines how the intervention-as-designed is implemented and how the actual contact with the beneficiary population generates changes not only in the implementation itself, but also in the conceptual frameworks displayed by UNICEF. The analysis presents UNICEF’s psychosocial intervention as a practice that is simultaneously material and discursive. The participation of experts, the use of specific resources, the deployment of techniques and their devices, the organisation of time and space within the intervention, can all be considered as supporting certain notions of the disaster, its impact and its solution, which organise the models of the psychosocial. The main issues that appear as relevant for the analysis are related to the way in which the intervention constructs the disaster as a psychosocial problem; the appeal to the notion of trauma to explain the impact on those affected; the disciplinary, ethical and political implications of the different forms of understanding suffering in the Venezuelan contemporary context and how the notions put forward by UNICEF’s intervention engage with the social dynamics in Venezuela, in particular with the processes associated with the social and political polarisation.
Significant Developments in Local School Systems

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This volume deals with innovative developments of many different kinds in the local school systems in the years up to 1970. Information was obtained from a sampling of school boards, including the largest. The major purpose is to show what may be expected from an educational organization that gives local authorities a certain amount of leeway to depart from standard procedures. Innovations in teaching, curricular experimentation, changes in the structure and use of school buildings, and the growth of special services are fully covered
Features of Edge Effect of Coherent Synchrotron Radiation of Relativistic Electrons

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

This paper considers the features of coherent synchrotron radiation generated when relativistic electron bunches pass the field of short magnets. A significant contribution to the spectral and angular characteristics of radiation can be made by a factor of the limited length of the magnetic field disposed along the trajectory of the electrons. Furthermore, a substantial contribution to these features can be made by a radiation coherence factor. This work comprises the theoretical analysis of these effects and the results of experimental studies in the millimeter wavelength range
Female Reproductive Organ Disorder in Cattle Associated withUreaplasmadiversum

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

A disease of the female reproductive organ charcterized by mucopurulent vaginal discharge occurred among grazing cattle in Shizuoka Prefecture in 1987. The vaginal discharge appeared four to 10 days after mating and recovered naturally about one month after the onset of symptom. The morbidity rate ranged from 10% to 40% and the herd conception rate was 80%.As a result of bacteriological examinations conducted on vaginal discharges from 10 diseased cows, Ureaplasma diversum was isolated in a pure state from all the cows and Haemophilus somnus from four cows. Vaginal swabs from 26 clinically normal mated cows gave a positive result forU.diversumin 12 of 26 cows (viable organism number:≤103), whereasU.diversumwas isolated from all the 17 diseased cows examined (viable organism number:≤105).H.somnuswas isolated from cervicovaginal mucus in 10 of 42 healthy cows and in 12 of 33 diseased cows. BothH.somnusandU.diversumwere also isolated at the rates of 5% and 30% of cervicovaginal swabs obtained from virginal cows, respectively. There was no relationship between the incidence of the disorder and the serotype groups ofU.diversum.Based on the above-mentioned findings, it is suggested that the development of the present disease may be associated withU.diversuminfection. Etiological significance ofH.somnusremains to be solved.
Clinicopathologic Study of Carcinoma of the Pancreas Head Based on its Recurrence.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

膵頭部領域癌耐術肉眼的治癒切除例92例を対象に再発形式を検討し, 外科治療の問題点を考案した.膵頭部癌では組織学的治癒, 非治癒を問わず大動脈周囲リンパ節再発, 後腹膜局所再発が高頻度であり, 画像確認24例の検討では肝転移のみが2例, 後腹膜再発のみが12例, 両者が10例であった.また, Stage I, IIの膵頭部癌では拡大郭清の効果がみられたが, Stage III, IV症例に対してはいまだ十分とはいえなかった.下部胆管癌では膵浸潤が認められる場合には再発例がみられるようになり, リンパ節再発や肝十二指腸間膜内再発などの後腹膜再発が多かった.乳頭部癌では後腹膜局所に加え肝再発が重要であった.以上より, 膵頭部癌においては大動脈周囲リンパ節郭清, さらびに神経叢切除を伴う現行の拡大手術は不可欠であり, 下部胆管癌, 乳頭部癌では上腸間膜動脈周囲リンパ節を確実に郭清する手術が必要と考えられた.
Pharmacological Effects of Panduratin A on Renal Cyst Development in In Vitro and In Vivo Models of Polycystic Kidney Disease

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Renal cyst expansion in polycystic kidney disease (PKD) involves abnormalities in both cyst-lining-cell proliferation and fluid accumulation. Suppression of these processes may retard the progression of PKD. Evidence suggests that the activation of 5′ AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) inhibits cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR)–mediated chloride secretion, leading to reduced progression of PKD. Here we investigated the pharmacological effects of panduratin A, a bioactive compound known as an AMPK activator, on CFTR-mediated chloride secretion and renal cyst development using in vitro and animal models of PKD. We demonstrated that AMPK was activated in immortalized normal renal cells and autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) cells following treatment with panduratin A. Treatment with panduratin A reduced the number of renal cyst colonies corresponding with a decrease in cell proliferation and phosphorylated p70/S6K, a downstream target of mTOR signaling. Additionally, panduratin A slowed cyst expansion via inhibition of the protein expression and transport function of CFTR. In heterozygous Han:Sprague–Dawley (Cy/+) rats, an animal model of PKD, intraperitoneal administration of panduratin A (25 mg/kg BW) for 5 weeks significantly decreased the kidney weight per body weight ratios and the cystic index. Panduratin A also reduced collagen deposition in renal tissue. Intraperitoneal administration of panduratin A caused abdominal bleeding and reduced body weight. However, 25 mg/kg BW of panduratin A via oral administration in the PCK rats, another non-orthologous PKD model, showed a significant decrease in the cystic index without severe adverse effects, indicating that the route of administration is critical in preventing adverse effects while still slowing disease progression. These findings reveal that panduratin A might hold therapeutic properties for the treatment of PKD.
Three-dimensional ultrastructure of in situ membrane skeletons in human erythrocytes by quick-freezing and deep-etching method.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The erythrocyte membrane skeleton is a network of some structural proteins, principally composed of spectrin, actin and protein 4.1, which is also attached to the cytoplasmic surface of the lipid membrane. The purpose of the present review is to describe the three dimensional ultrastructure of in situ membrane skeletons in human erythrocytes. The in situ membrane skeletons are densely organized, and the spectrin itself has a property of extension or contraction with reacting the external mechanical forces. The lengths between the intersections are changed according to the mechanical strength, and also vary even in one erythrocyte. To clarify the in situ organization of membrane skeletons, the quick freezing and deep-etching method should be used for fresh unfixed erythrocytes because of their fragility during preparation steps.
Fear from the heart: sensitivity to fear stimuli depends on individual heartbeats

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Cognitions and emotions can be influenced by bodily physiology. Here, we investigated whether the processing of brief fear stimuli is selectively gated by their timing in relation to individual heartbeats. Emotional and neutral faces were presented to human volunteers at cardiac systole, when ejection of blood from the heart causes arterial baroreceptors to signal centrally the strength and timing of each heartbeat, and at diastole, the period between heartbeats when baroreceptors are quiescent. Participants performed behavioral and neuroimaging tasks to determine whether these interoceptive signals influence the detection of emotional stimuli at the threshold of conscious awareness and alter judgments of emotionality of fearful and neutral faces. Our results show that fearful faces were detected more easily and were rated as more intense at systole than at diastole. Correspondingly, amygdala responses were greater to fearful faces presented at systole relative to diastole. These novel findings highlight a major channel by which short-term interoceptive fluctuations enhance perceptual and evaluative processes specifically related to the processing of fear and threat and counter the view that baroreceptor afferent signaling is always inhibitory to sensory perception.
Synthesis and In Vitro Analysis of 1‐Deoxysphingolipid Ceramide Analogues via UGI Reaction as Potential Anti‐cancer Agents

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract In the present work, a small library of few 1‐deoxysphingolipid ceramides has been designed and synthesized via an efficient UGI multicomponent reaction. The deoxy sphingosine intermediate ( 10 ) synthesized via Grignard reaction and olefin metathesis reaction was used as the amine component with cyclohexyl isocyanide and various aldehydes. The butyric acid has been used as an acid component which may turn out be an advantage due to the chemo preventive properties of the acid formed after the partial hydrolysis of the ceramide. Compounds ( 1 ‐ 6 ) has been synthesised via a short and facile route in high purity and yield. Molecular docking of all the analogues has been carried out with protein Sphingosine Kinase I using BiopredictaVlife MDS tool to determine the relative docking score and ligand‐protein interactions. Further in vitro studies were performed on PC‐3 (prostate cancer) and HCT‐116 (colon cancer) cell lines in which four compounds ( 1 ‐ 4 ) showed reasonable anti‐cancer activity against both the cell lines while compound ( 3 ) showed highest activity with IC 50 value of 0.344 μM against PC‐3 (prostate cancer) cell lines and 0.624 μM against HCT‐116 (colon cancer) cell lines. Compound ( 4 ) showed IC 50 value of 0.472 μM against HCT‐116 (colon cancer) cell lines.
Characterization of Lopids in Myctophid Fish in the Subarctic and Tropical Pacific Ocean

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Lipids in 26 samples including the 20 species of myctophid fishes (Family Myctophidae) caught in the western subarctic and tropical Pacific Ocean were characterized. Myctophid fishes contained lipids at the level of 0.5 to 21.7% and were classified into three groups by lipid class composition, i.e., triglyceride-rich (5 species), wax ester-rich (3 species) and phospholipid-rich (12 species) groups. No fish which is rich in both triglycerides and wax esters was observed in the present study. The triglyceride-rich and wax ester-rich groups were found in the western subarctic Pacific, i.e., the Oyashio species, while the phospholipid-rich group with low-lipid content was found in the tropical species, i.e., the Equatorial and Central Water species. Three species, Stenobrachius leucopsarus, Lampanyctus regalis and Stenobrachius nannochir, contained wax esters with 30 to 44 carbon chain lengthsas the major lipids, always accounting for more than 90% of total lipids. The main alcohol moieties of wax esters were 16:0, 20:1 and 22:1, while oleic acid (18:1n-9) and other monoenoic acids were predominantly fatty acids. Lipid composition analyses suggested the tendency that wax esters are rich innon-migratory or partly-migratory species.