jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive Review and Proposed Model for Multimodal Depression Detection

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract: Depression has become prevalent in today’s world and is an ever-increasing concern. Amidst the rising cases of depression witnessed every passing year, it has become vital to identify the signs and symptoms leading to it. This paper reviews the advances made in machine learning to detect these signs by exploring four different learning models- text, facial, audio, and EEG. The accuracy of correct identification is analyzed along with the ease of extraction of data, and three modalities are selected for further research based on the aforementioned factors. Furthermore, the paper proposes a hybrid approach that combines the tools and techniques employed in the previous works by integrating the three modalities. A multimodal system is proposed that overcomes the limitations of the unimodal systems explored in the previous papers.
Piezoelectric sensitivity and electromechanical coupling in a novel corundum-containing 3–0-type composite

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

A novel 3–0-type composite, that contains ferroelectric (PZT-type) and corundum ceramics, is studied to show features of the piezoelectric response and anisotropy of electromechanical coupling factors. The corundum ceramic is applied as a component with a large elastic stiffness. Almost equal volume fractions of corundum mc and air pores mp are detected at 0.05 < mc < 0.18, and this has no analogies among the studied piezo-active 3–0-type composites. Experimental results on the piezoelectric coefficients g3j*, thickness electromechanical coupling factor kt*, planar electromechanical coupling factor kp*, and anisotropy (g33*/g31*and kt*/kp*) are interpreted in terms of a model that takes into account features of the composite microgeometry and an interaction between the 3–0 ferroelectric ceramic/corundum and 3–0 ferroelectric ceramic/air regions. The studied 3–0-type composite can be of interest as an active element of piezoelectric transducers, sensors, and other piezotechnical devices.
Development of Japanese version of the Body Appreciation Scale-2

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This study developed a Japanese version of the Body Appreciation Scale-2 (BAS-2), a measure for a comprehensive assessment of positive body image, and investigated its reliability and validity. The results of confirmatory factor analysis showed that, like the original version, the Japanese BAS-2 had a one-factor structure and invariance across gender. Body appreciation scores had good internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and construct validity. Furthermore, the scale exhibited incremental validity by predicting psychological elements (disordered eating, self-esteem, and satisfaction with life) above and beyond body dissatisfaction. Thus, the BAS-2 is suitable for the assessment of positive body image in the Japanese population.
Dignity: The voice of older people

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper reports the findings of 89 focus groups and 18 individual interviews (involving 391 older people in 6 European countries) that were held to explore how older people view human dignity in their lives. Participants were all aged over 60 years and 25% were aged 80+ years. They were from a range of educational, social and economic backgrounds. 72% were women and 17% were living in residential or nursing homes.There was substantial agreement about the meaning and experience of dignity in older people's everyday lives. It was seen as a highly relevant and important concept, enhancing self-esteem, self-worth and well-being. Three major themes were identified: respect and recognition; participation and involvement; and dignity in care.The theoretical model of human dignity developed in the project was reflected in many of the findings from the empirical data. Of particular importance and relevance was the notion of ‘dignity of personal identity’, not least because it is perhaps most vulnerable to the actions of others. Menschenwurde (expressed as the innate dignity of human beings) was also important.For dignity of older people to be enhanced, communication issues, privacy, personal identity and feelings of vulnerability need to be addressed. Education of all professionals should pay attention to practices that enhance or detract from the experience of dignity. Policies and standards need to go beyond the merely mechanistic and easily quantifiable, to identify meaningful qualitative indicators of dignity in care.
The Conditioned Reflex Technique Applied to a Less Specialized Type of Learning

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Although many aspects of conditioned reflex technique were considered before Pav lov's work, theory of conditioned learn ing was developed largely as result of his studies. This theory (14) attempts to ex plain all modifications of behavior on basis of conditioned reflex. Allport 's ( 1 ) theory of development of social behavior, Watson's (20) behaviorism, and Smith and Guthrie's (16) work are typical of this concept. If conditioned reflex theory of is applicable to all kinds of everyday conditioned reflex technique applied to a less specialized type of should yield valuable data concerning process. A survey of literature concerning applicability of conditioned reflex theory to all modifications of behavior indicates a scarcity of experimental studies which have definitely applied conditioned reflex tech nique to less specialized types of learning. Studies such as those of Jones (11) and of Watson and Rayner (21) do, however, in a general way demonstrate application of conditioned reflex technique in modifying emotional behavior. Thorndike (18), in his investigation of what he calls the principle of belongingness, seems very definitely to have used a phase of conditioned reflex technique. There also seems to be some uncertainty among students of conditioned reflex phe nomena as to whether all of so-called conditioned reflexes are really true reflexes. Tolman (19) limits conditioned reflex learn ing to conditioning of true reflex; i.e., attaching of original unconditioned re sponse to conditioned stimulus. Other aspects of conditioning process, which are less specialized than true conditioned re flex, have been called sign learning by Tol man. Sign learning, according to Tolman, consists of everyday type of in which one learns to respond to a stimulus in a different way from that in which he first responded to it. This interpretation seems to be supported by Cason (5), who says there is considerable doubt whether all condi tioned reactions wThich have been secured were true conditioned reflexes.
Analysis of farmers’ adaptation strategies to climate change in cocoa production in Kwara State

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Changing climate and weather patterns are predicted to have severe negative impacts on food production, food security and natural resources in the immediate and coming years. Climate change alters the development of cocoa pods, insect pests and pathogens which translate into lower crop yields and impact farm income. This study examined the climate change adaptation strategies of farmers on cocoa production practices. A multi-stage random sampling procedure was used to select 60 cocoa farmers from three out of eight Local Government Areas (LGAs) producing cocoa in Kwara State. Interview schedule was used in data collection and analyzed with descriptive statistics and correlation analysis. The results reveal that 60.7% of the farmers were male. Majority (59.9%) of the farmers were between middle and old age with farming experience of 21-30 years and farm size of mainly between 0.4-2.7 hectares. Most farmers (85%) observed an extension beyond the normal dry months of November to February. This situation could have some implications on cocoa production. The main climate change strategies adopted by farmers include praying for rain (86.7%), use of improved varieties, (81.7%), climate prediction (76.7%), changes in cropping pattern and agro-forestry (75% each), control of soil erosion (73.3%) and fertilizer application (60%). Inadequate irrigation, 41.7% and crop diversification, 36.7%; constituted minor strategies. The cocoa production practices still adopted were weeding, 98.3%; seedling planting, 96.7%; insect pest and diseases control, 95%; bush clearing, 93.3%; fermentation and drying, 91.7%; tree felling, 88.4%; pruning, 85% and burning before planting, 70%. However, Pearson product moment correlation coefficient (PPMC) showed that a significant relationship existed between age of cocoa farm (0.016) and cocoa production practices at P< 0.05. Cocoa farmers' climate change strategies (0.121) were not statistically related with cocoa production practices at P< 0.05. Most of the strategies and practices currently used by farmers should be improved upon to ensure appropriate agronomic practices and adaptation to changes in climate.Keywords: Climate change, adaptation, cocoa production practices, farmers
Engineering Peptide Linkers for scFv Immunosensors

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Using A10B single-chain fragment variable (scFv) as a model system, we demonstrated that the flexibility of scFv linker engineering can be combined with the inherent quick and adaptable characters of surface coupling chemistry (e.g., electrostatic, hydrogen bonding, or covalent attachment) to attach scFv to preformed functionalized self-assembled monolayers (SAMs). Six arginines, which were separated by glycine or serine as spacer, were incorporated in the peptide linker to form a 15-mer peptide linker (RGRGRGRGRSRGGGS). The polycationic arginine peptide was engineered into the A10B scFv-RG3 to favor its adsorption at anionic charged template surface (11-mercaptoundecanoic acid (MUA) and poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate (PSS))). This new approach was compared with the other engineered scFv constructs. Our results demonstrated that the anionic charged SAM template facilitated the oriented immobilization of scFvs on the SAM template surface as well as reduced the possibility of protein denaturation when directly immobilized on the solid surface. A 42-fold improvement of detection limits using MUA/A10B scFv-RG3 (less than 0.2 nM experimentally determined) was achieved compared to A10B Fab antibody and a 5-fold improvement was observed compared to A10B scFv that was engineered with a cysteine in the linker sequence. Using protein A-coated gold nanoparticles, a picomolar experimental detection limit was achieved. With 20 amino acids to choose from, engineered recombinant scFv in combination with SAM technology and nanoparticle mass amplification provide an emerging strategy for the development of highly sensitive and specific scFv immunosensors.
Potosia opaca, an Insect Newly Found on Canary Palm(Phoenix canariensis) in Tunisia

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Ornamental palm tree Phoenix canariensis has been introduced in Tunisia at late 1800's and becomes a symbol of the city landscape in different localities. P. canariensis was seriously attacked since 2011 by the red palm weevil (RPW), Rhynchophorus ferrugineus. Recently a new pest Potosia opaca was detected in North of Tunisia on living P. canariensis trees solely or associated with RPW. P.opaca develops one generation per a year; adult mating takes place in June-July and females lay in humus inside decayed trunks of living palms tree. Larva lives in most accumulations of organic matter inside trunks between fibers and sheaths into close proximity with live wood. The pupa stage lasts on average 50 days. P.opaca lives on living trees and seems not to be associated with tree mortality. However it is essential to consider a number of indirect damage as this insect is likely becoming a vector of many pathogens.
PURIFICATION OF VALINE TRANSFER RIBONUCLEIC ACID BY COMBINED CHROMATOGRAPHIC AND CHEMICAL PROCEDURES

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Fast, low-cost, accurate detection of time-resolved dynamic nucleic acid conformational variation in response to small molecule binding: 1) enriches our understanding of nucleic acid structure, and regulation of structure by small molecules as ...Nucleic acids can undergo conformational changes upon binding small molecules. These conformational changes can be exploited to develop new therapeutic strategies through control of gene expression or triggering of cellular responses and can also be used ...
Designing for and Identifying Plural Goals in a Science Museum Game Exhibit

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Science museums are often interactive spaces where a variety of visitors engage with exhibits in diverse ways. While trying to support participants? behavior in ways that make intuitive sense for these behaviors in a museum context, these exhibits need to support interests and participation in forms that are meaningfully diverse - to make domains accessible to learners belonging to groups minoritized in those domains. In this paper, we present an interactive computational thinking exhibit designed to foster a multiplicity of goals and participatory behaviors. We also present preliminary analysis on how we can use play data to delineate the pursuit of different goals mediated through different pursuits. We also find care to be a uniquely valuable aesthetic motivator in gameplay, often overlooked in common design frameworks - with potential to expand perspectives on computing and combat inequity among computing learners.
Structural Differences Between Registered and Unregistered Land Law - A Flickering Awareness

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This chapter is concerned with the impact upon the law of the impossibility of registered proprietors dealing with the legal estate to their land without reference to the Land Registry. Registered land must be governed by different principles to unregistered land. The failure to identify these principles has led to an erratic and unsatisfactory application of the provisions of the Land Registration Act 1925 to cases concerning registered land by the courts, and little coherence or understanding in enacting "reforms" by the legislature. Generally there has been a failure to develop key features of the law of registered land. The effect of a restriction upon dealings is different to the effect of limiting the powers of trustees of land. The vesting of the legal estate in registered land is within the control of the Land Registry.
Analisis Framing Berita Kekerasan Berbasis Gender Online di Media Liputan6.com dan Antaranews.com

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This research aims to conduct a framing analysis of online gender-based violence (GBV) news presented by two prominent online media platforms in Indonesia, namely Liputan6.com and Antaranews.com. The phenomenon of online GBV has become increasingly significant with the growth of internet users and social media. In the context of the pandemic, the CATAHU report from the National Commission on Violence Against Women (Komnas Perempuan) indicates a dramatic increase in online GBV cases. This study adopts the framing analysis model proposed by Robert Entman to investigate how media framing constructions influence the public's understanding and perception of the online GBV issue. Liputan6.com focuses its reporting on online GBV in general, while Antaranews.com is more focused on the context of violence against female consumers by "debt collectors" on online lending platforms. Framing analysis includes stages such as Define of problem, Diagnose cause, Make moral judgement, and Treatment recommendation, highlighting the editorial perspectives on the root causes, moral evaluations, and recommended solutions. The research findings indicate that both media platforms emphasize collective responsibility in addressing the online GBV issue and demonstrate the interconnectedness of the issue with human rights and discrimination against women. This research provides insights into how online media constructs narratives around online GBV and its contribution to public understanding, shaping a narrative of collective responsibility in addressing the issue.
Deaths: preliminary data for 2004.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The age-adjusted death rate for the United States decreased from 832.7 deaths per 100,000 population in 2003 to 801.0 deaths per 100,000 population in 2004. Age-adjusted death rates decreased between 2003 and 2004 for the following major causes of death: Diseases of heart, Malignant neoplasms, Cerebrovascular diseases, Chronic lower respiratory diseases, Accidents (unintentional injuries), Diabetes mellitus, Influenza and pneumonia, Septicemia, Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis, and Pneumonitis due to solids and liquids. Rates increased between 2003 and 2004 for the following: Alzheimer's disease and Essential (primary) hypertension and hypertensive renal disease. Life expectancy at birth rose by 0.4 year to a record high of 77.9 years.
Prediction of Sorption/Desorption Parameters of Halogenated Aliphatic Compounds Using QSAR

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Sorption and desorption is an important phenomenon to determine the fate of halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons in the aqueous phase. This study was conducted to develope a predictive equation capable of estimating the sorption and desorption potentials of halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons onto the sludge from activated process, sediment, and clay. It has shown that the sorption and desorption parameters can be accurately estimated using Quantitative Structural Activity Relationship(QSAR) models based on molecular connectivity indexes of test compounds. The QSAR model could be applied to predict the sorption and desorption capacity of the other halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons. The QSAR modeling would provide a useful tool to predict the sorption and desorption capacity without time-consuming experiments.
Critical Evaluation and Rate Constants of Chemoselective Ligation Reactions for Stoichiometric Conjugations in Water

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Chemoselective ligation reactions have contributed immensely to the development of organic synthesis and chemical biology. However, the ligation of stoichiometric amounts of large molecules for applications such as protein-protein conjugates is still challenging. Conjugation reactions need to be fast enough to proceed under dilute conditions and chemoselective in the presence of unprotected functional groups; the starting materials and products must be stable under the reaction conditions. To compare known ligation reactions for their suitability under these conditions, we determined the second-order rate constants of ligation reactions using peptide substrates with unprotected functional groups. The reaction conditions, the chemoselectivity of the reactions, and the stability of the starting materials and products were carefully evaluated. In some cases, the stability could be improved by modifying the substrate structure. These data obtained under the ligation conditions provide a useful guide to choose an appropriate ligation reaction for synthesis of large molecules by covalent ligation reactions of unprotected substrates in water.
Galileo's telescopic observations: the marvel and meaning of discovery

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract During the very last year of what he himself described “as the best [eighteen] years of his life” spent at the University of Padua, Galileo first observed the heavens with a telescope. In order to appreciate the marvel and the true significance of those observations we must appreciate both the intellectual climate in Europe and the critical intellectual period through which Galileo himself was passing at the time those observations were made. Through his studies on motion Galileo had come to have serious doubts about the Aristotelian concept of nature. What he sensed was lacking was a true physics. He was very acute, therefore, when he came to sense the significance of his observations of the moon, of the phases of Venus, of the moons of Jupiter and of the Milky Way. The preconceptions of the Aristotelians were crumbling before his eyes. He had remained silent long enough, over a three month period, in his contemplations of the heavens. It was time to organize his thoughts and tell what he had seen and what he thought it meant. It was time to publish! In so doing he would become one of the pioneers of modern science. For the first time in over 2,000 years new significant observational data had been put at the disposition of anyone who cared to think, not in abstract preconceptions but in obedience to what the universe had to say about itself.
Effect of medium and cultivation conditions on comparisons between latex agglutination and culture detection of group A streptococci

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In the laboratory diagnosis of pharyngitis, results from latex agglutination tests (LAT) performed directly on throat swabs are often compared with the isolation of group A beta-hemolytic streptococci (GABHS) from simultaneously obtained swabs cultivated on a variety of media under different atmospheric conditions. In this study, results of an LAT, Directigen, were compared with those of two different media: sheep blood agar (SBA) and group A selective strep agar (ssA). Specimens inoculated on SBA were incubated in three different atmospheres: air, 3 to 5% CO2, and anaerobically. Those inoculated on ssA were incubated in 3 to 5% CO2 only. Isolation of GABHS was confirmed by coagglutination. The standard for true positivity was the isolation of GABHS from at least one of the simultaneous cultures. Comparisons were made with samples from 693 adult patients. GABHS was isolated on at least one of the three cultures in 143 patients, demonstrating an isolation rate of 20.6%. LAT exhibited a sensitivity of 95.1%. SBA incubated in air, in CO2, or anaerobically had sensitivities of 86.2, 85.9, and 93.7%, respectively. The ssA detected 99.3% of the positive specimens. Single SBA culture proved to be inferior to LAT and therefore was a poor standard for measuring LAT performance. Single ssA cultures demonstrated the greatest sensitivity in GABHS detection and therefore could serve as a standard for measuring LAT performance.