jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Does Vein Occupancy Matter?

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Rainfall-runoff quantification is one of the most important tasks in both engineering and watershed management as it allows the identification, forecast and explanation of the watershed response. This non-linear process depends on the watershed antecedent conditions, which are commonly related to the initial soil moisture content. Although several studies have highlighted the relevance of soil moisture measures to improve flood modelling, the discussion is still open in the literature about the approach to use in lumped model. The integration of these previous conditions in the widely used rainfall-runoff models NRCS-CN (e.g. National Resources Conservation Service – Curve Number model) could be handled in two ways: using the Antecedent Precipitation Index (API) concept to modify the model parameter; or alternatively, using a Soil Moisture Accounting (SMA) procedure into the NRCS-CN, being the soil moisture a state variable. For this second option, the state variable does not have a direct physical representation. This make difficult the estimation of the initial soil moisture store level. This paper presents a new formulation that overcomes such issue, the rainfall-runoff model called RSSa. Its suitability is evaluated by comparing the RSSa model with the original NRCS-CN model and alternatives SMA procedures in 12 watersheds located in six different countries, with different climatic conditions, from Mediterranean to Semi-arid regions. The analysis shows that the new model, RSSa, performs better when compared with previously proposed CN-based models. Finally, an assessment is made of the influence of the soil moisture parameter for each watershed and the relative weight of scale effects over model parameterization.
An Instrument to Assess Occupational Health Hazards of Veterinary Health Workers

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

There are many hazards faced by veterinary health care workers. In this paper, the worker population was identified and defined, the economic and legislative context impacting this workforce was explored, and a literature review was conducted to outline the current state of occupational health and safety practices in organizations employing veterinary health workers. The literature review considered the five categories of occupational hazards (biological, chemical, enviromechanical, physical, and psychosocial), and identified the many occupational environments including work practices, work tasks, and common materials. The purpose of this research was to explore the occupational hazards in the veterinary workplace and develop a survey tool to further expand knowledge related to these hazards, as well as identify the characteristics and attitudes of this worker population regarding work-related hazards.
Three new species of Theridiidae Sundevall, 1833 (Araneae) from Xizang, China

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Three new species belonging to the spider family Theridiidae are described based on materials collected from Xizang Autonomous Region, Southwestern China: Moneta linzhi Gan, Mi & Wang, sp. nov. (♀♂), M. yinae Gan, Mi & Wang, sp. nov. (♀♂) and Phoroncidia cibagou Gan, Mi & Wang, sp. nov. (♀♂). Diagnostic photos of the habitus and copulatory organs, and a distribution map are provided.
Reliable strain measurement in transistor arrays by robust scanning transmission electron microscopy

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Accurate measurement of the strain field in the channels of transistor arrays is critical for strain engineering in modern electronic devices. We applied atomic-resolution high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy to quantitative measurement of the strain field in transistor arrays. The quantitative strain profile over 20 transistors was obtained with high reliability and a precision of 0.1%. The strain field was found to form homogeneously in the channels of the transistor arrays. Furthermore, strain relaxation due to the thin foil effect was quantitatively investigated for thicknesses of 35 to 275 nm.
Intelligent Optimization of Solar Air Heating System in Large Scale Construction of and its Application

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

The monomer thermal performance of solar air collector is the bottleneck problem of the design application of practical engineering. By combining the experimental and theoretical researches, this paper uses the heating load and thermal efficiency of the optimization module at different flow rates, and puts forward the efficiency normalization treatment method; analyzes the heat transfer intensity, heating capacity, thermal efficiency and indoor heating effect of the module under different operation modes; with the microprocessor as the core, sets up the intelligent control system of solar air heating with multiple sensor information fusion; adjust the running state of fan and heating units according to the changes of indoor and outdoor environment in real time. The practical application shows that the intelligent control system can ensure a comfortable indoor environment and improve the thermal efficiency of the system.
Substantiating the YOLO11 architecture for determining the fractional composition of winter wheat grain mixtures

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This study’s object is the process of determining the fractional composition of winter wheat grain mixtures using computer vision and deep learning methods. The basic task that needs to be solved is the high complexity, subjectivity, and speed of determining the fractional composition of grain by conventional methods. The results obtained demonstrate the successful training and comparative analysis of several YOLO11-seg instance segmentation models on a specialized dataset deployed on the NVIDIA Jetson Orin platform. In particular, the YOLO11m-seg model with an image size of 640 × 640 pixels achieved the optimal compromise between accuracy and speed, achieving a Mask mAP50-95 index of 0.558 at an output speed of 62.5 ms/image. Training the YOLO11n-seg 1280 × 1280 model provided the best average segmentation accuracy (Mask mAP50-95 0.640) by increasing the performance of identifying objects of "complex" classes, which are key for accurate determination of the fractional composition. The results have made it possible to solve the problem under consideration through the empirically justified choice of architecture. Unlike hypothetical approaches, the study provides specific quantitative data on the performance of different YOLO11-seg architectures. That allowed for a reasonable selection of the model that best meets the requirements for accuracy and speed for practical deployment, solving the problem of uncertainty in the choice of architecture. The findings create the basis for automating grain quality control, increasing its efficiency, objectivity, and also significantly reducing labor intensity by automating routine operations. For practical use of the system, it is necessary to ensure stable lighting conditions, as well as the presence of a digital camera, a computer, and appropriate software
Scalable Synthesis of Cortistatin A and Related Structures

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Full details are provided for an improved synthesis of cortistatin A and related structures as well as the underlying logic and evolution of strategy. The highly functionalized cortistatin A-ring embedded with a key heteroadamantane was synthesized by a simple and scalable five-step sequence. A chemoselective, tandem geminal dihalogenation of an unactivated methyl group, a reductive fragmentation/trapping/elimination of a bromocyclopropane, and a facile chemoselective etherification reaction afforded the cortistatin A core, dubbed “cortistatinone”. A selective Δ<sup>16</sup>-alkene reduction with Raney Ni provided cortistatin A. With this scalable and practical route, copious quantities of cortistatinone, Δ<sup>16</sup>-cortistatin A (the equipotent direct precursor to cortistatin A), and its related analogues were prepared for further biological studies.
Current-induced resonance in ferromagnet-antiferromagnet junctions

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The response of a ferromagnet-antiferromagnet junction to a high-frequency magnetic field is calculated as a function of the spin-polarized current density through the junction. Conditions are chosen under which the response is zero in absence of such a current. It is shown that increasing in the current density leads to proportional increase in the resonance frequency and resonant absorption. A principal possibility is indicated of using ferromagnet-antiferromagnet junction as a terahertz radiation detector.
Validity and reliability of the Greek version of the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS): Evidence from physically active college students

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Physical activity has been found to be positively related to life satisfaction (McAuley et al., 2006; 2008). Such studies frequently used the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) to assess life satisfaction, which is one of the most widely used instruments. Although this five-item scale has been established to have sound psychometric properties, the validity of this instrument has not been examined in Greece. Therefore, the aims of the current study were to examine the factorial validity and reliability of the SWLS.
Spatial profiles in the analysis of event histories: an application to first sexual intercourse in Italy

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The aim of this paper is mainly a methodological one.We used individual-level retrospective data from the Italian Fertility and Family survey, based on the information provided by respondents.Linking individual-level data with geographical characteristics of the community, we …rstly used non-parametric methods, and in particular the bi-dimensional LOESS (Locally weighted regression) method, to build smoothed maps of the transition to …rst sexual intercourse.Secondly, we used a discrete-time multilevel event-history model (with logit speci…cation), allowing for the presence of unobserved heterogeneity at the municipality level.We used 'latitude', 'longitude', and dimension of the municipality as aggregate-level explanatory variables in the model.Thus, we could build spatial pro…les and a map, using predicted values for the logodds-ratio, and we could study cohort dynamics too.Our results con…rm that Italy is a heterogeneous country; when looking at age at the …rst sexual intercourse, women are more in ‡uenced by their context than men.
Understanding SLCO1B1 and ABCG2 transporter effects on rosuvastatin pharmacokinetics in Whites and Asians

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Statins are one of the most commonly prescribed drug classes in the world to treat hyperlipoidemia. Statins inhibit HMG-CoA reductase to block the upstream cholesterol synthesis pathway in the liver. Seven different statins are currently on the market in the US and many exhibit differential drug exposure in different ethnic groups, including pravastatin, rosuvastatin, and simvastatin. In the rosuvastatin drug label, FDA recommends a lower starting dose for Asians due to the observation of 2 fold higher rosuvastatin systemic exposure. The mechanism of differential rosuvastatin exposure between Asians and Whites remains under investigation. Rosuvastatin is a minimally metabolized drug and with 90% excreted unchanged. According to the Biopharmaceutics Drug Disposition Classification System, it is a class III compound, which suggests that uptake and efflux transporters are necessary for rosuvastatin disposition. Two drug transporters, OATP1B1 (SLCO1B1) and BCRP (ABCG2), are well described in the literature to play important roles in rosuvastatin absorption, distribution, and elimination. Although previous studies have shown that increase in rosuvastatin exposure was associated with either OATP1B1 or BCRP reduced function variants in both ethnicities, the two-fold higher rosuvastatin AUC in Chinese cannot be explained by either OATP1B1 or BCRP reduced function variants and their allele frequencies alone. Therefore, we hypothesize that both OATP1B1 and BCRP reduced function variants and their allele frequencies together dictate the rosuvastatin exposure. The research presented here first evaluated the effect of the major allele of OATP1B1 and BCRP together on rosuvastatin pharmacokinetics in Asian and White healthy volunteers and showed the differential rosuvastatin exposure was mitigated after controlling for both OATP1B1 and BCRP wildtype. Secondly, we evaluated the influence of intestinal absorption on rosuvastatin pharmacokinetics. Our study showed no clinically significant increase in rosuvastatin exposure when the upper GIs are bypassed in obese patients, indicating proximal intestinal absorption might play a minimal role in rosuvastatin pharmacokinetics. Collectively, these studies aim to highlight the potential for personalized medicine of rosuvastatin dosing given the different genetic background that may translate to more effective treatment of hyperlipidemia and obese patients.
Knowledge-embedded meta-learning model for lift coefficient prediction of airfoils

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Aerodynamic performance evaluation is an important part of the aircraft aerodynamic design optimization process; however, traditional methods are costly and time-consuming. Despite the fact that various machine learning methods can achieve high accuracy, their application in engineering is still difficult due to their poor generalization performance and "black box" nature. In this paper, a knowledge-embedded meta learning model, which fully integrates data with the theoretical knowledge of the lift curve, is developed to obtain the lift coefficients of an arbitrary supercritical airfoil under various angle of attacks. In the proposed model, a primary network is responsible for representing the relationship between the lift and angle of attack, while the geometry information is encoded into a hyper network to predict the unknown parameters involved in the primary network. Specifically, three models with different architectures are trained to provide various interpretations. Compared to the ordinary neural network, our proposed model can exhibit better generalization capability with competitive prediction accuracy. Afterward, interpretable analysis is performed based on the Integrated Gradients and Saliency methods. Results show that the proposed model can tend to assess the influence of airfoil geometry to the physical characteristics. Furthermore, the exceptions and shortcomings caused by the proposed model are analysed and discussed in detail.
Histopathological Examination in the Categorization of fungal Rhinosinusitis - a Retrospective Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Fungal Rhinosinusitis is broadly defined as any sinonasal pathology related to the presence of fungi and is increasingly recognized worldwide. This study aimed to assess and ascertain the need for histopathological examination in the management of fungal Rhinosinusitis. Materials and Methods: This study was performed over two years, from April 2019 to April 2021, in the Department of Pathology, Vinayaka Missions KirupanandaVariyar Medical College and Hospital, Salem. A total of 383 cases of rhinosinusitis/nasal polyps were studied. Histopathological examination and categorization were done and compared with clinical diagnosis. Results: Only 4/18 cases of acute fungal Rhinosinusitis were correctly diagnosed(22.22%). Nineteen cases of the fungal ball were diagnosed, but none was correctly categorized. Clinical suspicion of fungal sinusitis was present in 10 cases of Rhinosinusitis, which turned out to be chronic Rhinosinusitis in histopathology. In AFRS, fungal elements were overlooked in Hematoxylin and Eosin stained slides and identified only by Grocottmethenamine silver in one-fourth of the cases. Conclusions: Though clinical diagnosis was made in 86% of fungal rhinosinusitis cases, correct categorization was done only in one-third of cases. CT scan could diagnose 60% of cases, but none was categorized. As treatment depends on the type of fungal Rhinosinusitis, histopathological examination is the gold standard for diagnosing and treating fungal Rhinosinusitis.
RTP: Radionuclides inventories calculation using ORIGEN Code

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract. ORIGEN is a widely used computer code for calculating the buildup, decay, and processing o f radioactive materials. The ORIGEN code was created by famous and reputable nuclear institution in United States, Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). For a nuclear reactor, either it is a nuclear power reactor or nuclear research reactor, the radionuclide inventories data is important. This data is acquired by performing source term modelling. A fresh nuclear fuel could not cause any harm to human. However, used nuclear fuel could pose danger threat to human. The fission products particularly long-lived radionuclides i.e.H-3, Co-60, Cs-137 that are generated inside the fuel yield a significance amount o f radioactivity. Therefore, there is no doubt that for a facility having a nuclear reactor, it is vital to anticipate the amount o f fission products inside the fuel together with the radioactivity that it may emit. Sufficient information on the radionuclide inventories allows the facility to provide adequate shielding protection and ensure safe transportation o f nuclear fuel, when it is needed. This paper briefly describes application o f ORIGEN code to calculate the radionuclides inventories o f TRIGA-PUSPATI REACTOR (RTP) fuel.
High resistance rate against 15 different antibiotics in aerobic gram-negative bacteria isolates of cardiology intensive care unit patients.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aerobic gram negative bacteria were isolated and examined microbiologically from various clinical samples of 602 patients hospitalized between January 1997 and December 2000 in surgical and coronary intensive care units (ICUs). A total of 827 isolates were obtained from 602 patients. The majority of microorganisms were isolated from the respiratory tract (50.3%) and blood (39.9%). Pseudomonas spp. were the most frequently isolated gram negative species (32.7%), followed by Acinetobacter spp. (24.0%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (19.4%). High resistance rates to all antibiotics studied were observed. Imipenem and meropenem were the most effective antibiotics against gram negatives.
Supplementary Figures 1 - 6 from Threshold Levels of ABL Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors Retained in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Cells Determine Their Commitment to Apoptosis

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

<p>PDF file - 1469K, Different ABL TKIs demonstrate potency differences in relative cellular and biochemical target inhibition (S1); Incomplete restoration of BCR-ABL signaling activity following washout of dasatinib or ponatinib tracks with intracellular drug retention and commitment to apoptosis in LAMA cells (S2); Incomplete restoration of BCR-ABL signaling activity following washout of nilotinib, imatinib, or DCC-2036 tracks with intracellular drug retention and commitment to apoptosis in LAMA cells (S3); BCR-ABL signaling is partially attenuated in conditions of continuous low concentrations of ABL TKIs that induce apoptosis (S4); Commitment to apoptosis in primary CML cells tracks with intracellular retention of ABL TKIs (S5); Intracellular retention of dasatinib, nilotinib, and imatinib is reduced following washout in primary CML cells harboring the resistant BCR-ABLT315I mutant (S6).</p>
Self-Interaction Corrected Polarizabilities Of Small Molecules

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Density Functional Theory (DFT) is one of the most successful and popular computational Quantum Mechanical approaches to understand materials. DFT allows the prediction of material properties from the electron density. Although in principle density functional theory is exact, it, however, relies on approximate functional for exchange-correlation energy. Due to the approximate nature of the exchange-correlation functional, the self-Coulomb energy of the electrons is not exactly canceled out by the self-exchange leading the spurious self-interaction error (SIE). This error is responsible for the unphysical orbital energies of DFT and delocalization of the orbitals. The orbital energies of the valence electrons are higher in DFT due to the selfinteraction error. The SI correction leads to lower orbital energies and therefore the electronic density is less diffused. One of the properties where the SIE is seen is polarizability which is the response of a system to an applied electric field. We apply the recently developed Fermi-Lowdin orbital based self-interaction correction (FLOSIC) scheme to examine the polarizabilities of small molecules. We apply this method to Na dimer, Nacl, and C6H6 molecule along with atom to calculate static dipole polarizability. For the Na atom, the calculated polarizability is in good agreement with experiment. For the molecules, more systems need to be studied to understand how SIC affects the calculated polarizability values.
Application of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in the final stages of a bovine brucellosis eradication program

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Bovine field serums from the Australian brucellosis eradication program were used to compare 2 enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) with the complement fixation test (CFT) and Rose Bengal test (RBT). One ELISA used an anti-bovine IgG horseradish peroxidase conjugate (ELISA 1) and the other a monoclonal anti-bovine Ig alkaline phosphatase conjugate (ELISA 2). When compared with the CFT, the ELISA 2 like the ELISA 1 lacked specificity in B. abortus vaccinated herds but the ELISA 2 was more specific than the ELISA 1 in previously infected herds and equally as specific as the ELISA 1 in nonvaccinated Brucella free herds. In this study the ELISA 2 proved more sensitive than the CFT, RBT and ELISA 1 particularly in herds where B. abortus biotype 2 was present. The value of using the ELISA 2 in conjunction with the CFT in an eradication program is discussed.
Epispadias and Incontinence: The Challenge of the Small Bladder

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The 12-year experience at our hospital with epispadias and incontinence is reviewed and attention is focused on the approach to patients with a small bladder capacity. Of 29 children 20 had incontinence associated with the epispadias (13 boys and 7 girls). A total of 15 patients underwent definitive management of the incontinence with a Young-Dees bladder neck reconstruction with or without ureteral reimplantation and they are evaluable. Nine patients (6 boys and 3 girls) had a bladder capacity that was believed to be inadequate for satisfactory bladder neck reconstruction (less than 60 ml.). To date, 7 of these children have undergone staged reconstruction with urethroplasty for epispadias as the initial operation. Bladder capacity increased 95 ml. on the average (range 60 to 140 ml.) after the urethroplasty. No child had hydronephrosis before or after bladder neck reconstruction. Review of the results of bladder neck reconstruction in all patients with a mean followup of 2.9 years (range 7 months to 13 years) demonstrates an 87 per cent satisfactory continence rate (9 of 9 boys and 4 of 6 girls). In the patients who underwent staged reconstruction the results were similar, with a 100 per cent continence rate in evaluable patients (5 of 5 boys and 2 of 2 girls). In conclusion, urethroplasty before bladder neck reconstruction in the epispadiac child with a small bladder allows an increase in capacity, thus, obviating for the most part the need for procedures such as bladder augmentation in the majority of these patients.