jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A March towards Reform: The Metaphorical Conceptualisation of ‘Reform’ in King Abdullah II’s Language

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Reform has recently become an imperative topic in Jordanian politics. After waiting long for tangible political and economic programs to be initiated by political parties, King Abdullah II of Jordan introduced his vision of reform. Reform is a priority, and this is plainly reflected in King Abdullah II’s “reformist” discourse. This paper adopts a critical linguistic approach to metaphor analysis to study King Abdullah II’s employment of metaphorical language to accentuate his authority, dominance, and ideologies in the implementation of a vision of reform. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of a corpus of King Abdullah II’s discourse demonstrates extensive use of metaphors from the conceptual domains of path, war (and conflicts) to conceptualise reform. It is found that the choice of such metaphors reflects King Abdullah II’s belief in implementing reform while maintaining a stable political and social system. This vision adopts a pragmatic and realistic position that is not deluding Jordanians or making them expect instantaneous positive outcomes from the reform process.
Zanzibar Revolution

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Zanzibar is an island group (including principally Zanzibar, Pemba, and Tumbatu) in the Indian Ocean, off the coast of Tanganyika (Tanzania). Its coast and ports served as major trade routes among African, Arab, Indian, and European traders in the nineteenth century. Even though Zanzibar was first populated by Africans, Asians came as later migrants and it served as the seat of the sultan of Oman from 1828 when the African elite class and peasants alike were subordinated under its rule.
Mechanisms of seed mass variation along resource gradients

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

All data and analyses of the manuscript are available here.
please download all files to the same working directory for running the R script. Below a brief description of each file
1. 'seed_mass_experiment_main_script.R' - this R script includes all the analyses presented in the paper. 2. 'slope_abundance.csv' - this dataset describes community abundance in southern slope along soil depth gradient in Beit Guvrin (described in Kadmon & Ron 2018) the data was collected in four soil depth categories 3. 'slope_seed_mass.csv' - this dataset include seed mass data (in mg) for all species in 'slope_abundance.csv'(mass of zero means no available data)4. 'valley_abundance.csv' - this dataset describes community abundance in northern slope and valley in Beit Guvrin (described in DeMalach et al. 2017) the data was collected in two habitats (northern slope and valley) and include also fertilization and removal manipulation (these manipulations were not analyzed in this manuscript)5. 'valley_seed_mass.csv' - this dataset includes seed mass data(in mg) for all species in 'valley_abundance.csv' (mass of zero means no available data)6. 'mesocosm_abundance.csv' - this dataset describes community abundance in mescosom experiment in Jerusalem (described in Kadmon & Ron 2018) the data was collected for four years in four soil depth categories7. 'mesocosm_seed_mass.csv' - this dataset include seed mass data (in mg) for all species in 'mesocosm_abundance.csv' (mass of zero means no available data)8. 'clipping_abundance.csv' - this dataset describes community abundance in clipping experiment in Beit Guvrin (described in Segre et al. 2016) The dataset include only the third year of the experiment9. 'clipping_seed_mass.csv' - this dataset include seed mass data (in mg) for all species in 'clipping_abundance.csv' (mass of zero means no available data)10.'greenhouse.csv' - this dataset include data on biomass (in mg) of the species in the greenhouse experiment. This include seed mass, shoot biomass after45 days and root and shoot biomass at the end of the experiment.
contact me for any question:
nivdemalach@gmail.com
The Identification of the Chromosomes of the E Group (16–18 Denver): An Autoradiographic and Measurement Study

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

An attempt has been made to classify the E chromosomes of four subjects with an abnormal chromosome complement using two criteria: the autoradiographic grain counts in cells labelled towards the end of the DNA synthetic period and a ‘morphological index’. This was found to be a better discriminant than the total length and was obtained by dividing the arm ratio of each chromosome into its total length. The first patient, a girl heterozygous for a presumptive deletion of the long arm of the X chromosome, had only 15 chromosomes in the C group and seven in the E group. One of these, which had a very high morphological index, was by far the most densely labelled and was therefore identified as the abnormal X chromosome. The other six chromosomes could be sorted into a pair with high index (No. 16) and a group of four which could be further subdivided into a pair with low grain counts and intermediate index (No. 17) and a pair of high grain counts and low index (No. 18). The second patient had a ring chromosome for one of the E chromosomes. The patient’s five normal E chromosomes could be divided into a pair with high and a pair with low morphological index, while the fifth chromosome had an intermediate value. This chromosome had a mean grain count similar to that of the ring chromosome and lower than that of any other E chromosome. It was therefore concluded that this patient was heterozygous for a No. 17 ring chromosome. The results obtained in this patient clearly showed that, in this group, morphologically similar chromosomes (presumptive homologues) have similar grain counts. The last two patients had similar abnormal phenotypes, and both were heterozygous for a deletion of the short arm of one of the E chromosomes. The five normal E chromosomes of these patients could not be sorted into pairs by the separate analysis of the morphological index and grain counts. However, they could be divided into a sub set of three chromosomes with grain counts as high or higher than that of the deleted chromosome, which should have included the homologue of the abnormal E chromosome, and a sub set of two chromosomes with lower grain counts. The study of the morphological index of the first group clearly showed that two chromosomes with a high morphological index formed a pair, while the third chromosome had a low index and was unpaired. An analysis of the grain counts over the normal E chromosomes confirmed that the chromosome with the lowest index was unpaired in both patients. It was therefore concluded that they were heterozygous for a deletion of the short arm of chromosome No. 18.
Substrate effects on infrared absorption in dielectric microcrystals

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Infrared absorption spectra of MgO and NiO microcrystals deposited on dielectric and metallic substrates have been measured. With a metallic substrate the main absorption maximum occurred at a lower frequency than with a dielectric substrate. These effects are also calculated using the model of a small sphere near a substrate. An interpretation of the experimental results in terms of the model calculations is presented.
The Second Code

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Most researchers regard a crime or a delinquent act as being some specific thing done by some specific person, called the offender. But exactly what it is that he does that distinguishes him from the non-offender is difficult to observe or define precisely. So this paper starts from the simpler position that certain people are reported to the police, charged, tried, sen tenced, and punished and others are not; and the law under which we actually live is simply those sets of circumstances of which accusation, trial, etc., are likely consequences. This is the law that society makes by its actions and not just by its paper enactments. We call this empirical law the "second code"; knowledge of it is more basic to criminology than are legal categories or sociological or psychological theories of behavior defined by some researcher or some law-maker as deviant or anti-social or criminal. The process of accusation, trial, etc., is seen as beginning with a complaint (either to or by the police). This interaction between an observer and the police is triggered off by another interaction between one or more offenders, victims and observers, and this larger interaction is our main focus of study. (Some of the roles in this interaction may be combined in one person, and not all the roles are defined until after the event.) The require ments of such a study are discussed; in particular, it should be approached from as simple a viewpoint as possible, aiming first at a natural history of these interactions rather than a theoretical model. Any such theoretical model is at present likely to be inappropriate since the facts which it should explain are not themselves yet known in any detail.
Real-Time Collaborative Software Modeling Using UML with Rational Software Architect

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Modeling is commonly used in the process of software development. UML (Unified Modeling Language) is a standard software modeling language and has been widely adopted for software analysis and design. As software systems are getting larger and more complex nowadays, software modeling using UML often requires collective and collaborative efforts from multiple software designers. In contrast, most of today's software modeling applications are still single-user-oriented and do not offer much help to coordinate interaction and collaboration among team members. In this paper, we will present the technical challenges and solutions in providing advanced collaboration capabilities and transparently integrating them into mainstream software modeling applications to effectively facilitate collaboration among geographically dispersed software designers. The work has been tested and demonstrated by the design of CoRSA (Collaborative Rational Software Architect) - an experimental collaborative software modeling prototype based on RSA, one of the most widely used commercial software modeling applications in the market
Congestion Control in MANET using Modify AODV with IRED Congestion Control Algorithm

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

MANET is a field of networking that used for sharing of information between different links.In this process data has been transmitted from different devices to a single device to forward or store valuable information.Due to transmission of data from multiple sources to a single node occur congestion problem in the network.In this paper an approach has been proposed for congestion avoidance in MANET.This approach based on queue fulfillment prediction to avoid congestion and path management for data transmission.This approach provides better performance than previous proposed approaches.
From public housing to public–private housing

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

American public housing since 1937 is often viewed as a single failed experiment of architecture, management, and policy. This view masks a much more highly differentiated experience for residents and housing authorities, rooted in a long-term moral and ideological struggle over the place of the poorest residents in American cities. This article reframes public housing history as a succession of informal social experiments: initial public efforts to clear out slum-dwellers and instead accommodate barely poor working-class tenants or the worthy elderly; a 30-year interlude, where public housing authorities consolidated the poorest into welfare housing while gradually shifting responsibility for low-income housing to private landlords, private developers, and private investors; and a series of partnerships since 1990 that reserve more of this public–private housing for a less-poor constituency. Empirically, this article provides an unprecedented graphic glimpse into the ways that the overall mode-share of public housing has shifted and diversified. Ultimately, this article reveals that the reduced role of the public sector has curtailed the growth of deeply subsidized housing provision to the lowest-income Americans.
ERIC ED231031: The Impact of Inter-Governmental Grants and Municipal Overburden on School Spending and Simulations of the Impact of Alternative Grant Formulas. [and] Policy Proposals Resulting from Research on "The Impact of Intergovernmental Grants and Municipal Overburden on School Finance Equity."

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In five chapters, this document's first part reports on research on the interrelationship of school and municipal finance in New Hampshire. The document's second part briefly summarizes the research report and discusses policy changes suggested by the results. Chapter 1 of the research report describes New Hampshire schools and the state aid system, including foundation aid, business profits tax (BPT) revenues, and categorical aid programs. Chapter 2 discusses theories of school finance equity and wealth neutrality and the effect of municipal overburden on school spending. In chapter 3 the author reports on a questionnaire survey of 74 New Hampshire superintendents, board members, and town officials on the estimated effects of foundation and BPT aid levels on district and municipal spending. Chapters 4 and 5 review the methodology and results of econometric analyses estimating school spending responses to both state aid and municpal overburden and simulating the impact of alternative state aid formulas on wealth neutrality. An appendix provides a copy of the survey questionnaire. In the document's second part the authors review the research and its results and emphasize the strong relationship found between school spending and municipal finance. (RW)
Efficient Deep Learning Approach for Detection of Brain Tumor Disease

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This article presents, we describe fully autonomous brain tumor classifying as well as the classification method depending on a multiscale DCNN Deep-Convolutional-Neural-Network (multiscale Deep Convolutional Neural Network). As compared to similar efforts, ours differs in part because it processes input images at two different spatial scales using independent neural networks. The suggested neural model can interpret MRI scans comprising two kinds of tumors: the first one meningioma, and the second one glioma, without requiring input images to be preprocessed to eliminate skull and spine components. The effectiveness we've noted model available to the public MRI image dataset containing 3060 slices of 250 cases is compared to previously reported models for conventional ML (machine learning) as well as DL (deep learning). In the comparison, our approach produced an impressive 97% accuracy in classifying tumors, which was better than some other algorithms utilizing similar datasets.
Complete Carton-13 Assignments of the Sesquiterpene Lactone 11,13,-Dihydroparthenolide Using 2D-Inadequate

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The complete 13C NMR resonances for the sesquiterpene lactone 11,13-dihydroparthenolide were established by the application of 2D-INADEQUATE. Key Words: 11,13-dihydroparthenolidesesquiterpene lactonegermacrolideNMR2D-INADEQUATE.
Process Development of Manifold Microchannels Cooling for Embedded Silicon Fan-Out (MMC-eSiFO) Package

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

As Moore's Law tends to reach its limits, shrinking process technology nodes is no longer the most effective way to improve the performance of systems, and more attention is being focused on advanced packaging. Thermal dissipation as the main issue severely limits the reliability of 3D stacked modules. Embedded cooling is a feasible solution for interlayer cooling. However, the current manifold is incompatible with advanced packaging processes due to the footprint and manufacturing process. In this work, a manifold microfluidic cooling structure for embedded silicon Fan-Out (MMC-eSiFO) package is proposed and the thermal test vehicle (TTV) is designed, fabricated and tested. A silicon-based interposer is formed using a wafer bonding process by etching a cavity structure and a manifold channel on two silicon wafers, respectively. The large-area high-power chip is embedded into the cavity for effective cooling by the embedded microchannels. A high-density redistribution layer (RDL) is used to fan out the electrical I/O after fabricating the dielectric layer on the surface. In addition, multi-layer embedded liquid cooling of 3D package structure can be achieved by interposer with through silicon vias (TSVs). The use of a silicon-based interposer not only enables high aspect ratio TSVs and high-density RDL but also helps to reduce thermal stress in the package structure, as the interposer material is the same as the IC chip material. It is worth noting that the fabrication of the interposer and fan-out layer is wafer-level processing that enables production at scale. Multiple sets of cavities and manifold channels can be etched in a single package structure, making it compatible with chiplet technology. The package structure is expected to solve the thermal dissipation problem of multi-layer multi-chip assemblies.
Resonance Raman study on cytochrome c peroxidase and its intermediate. Presence of the Fe(IV) = O bond in compound ES and heme-linked ionization.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Resonance Raman spectra of ferrous and ferric cytochrome c peroxidase and Compound ES and their pH dependences were investigated in resonance with Soret band. The Fe(IV) = O stretching Raman line of Compound ES was assigned to a broad band around 767 cm-1, which was shifted to 727 cm-1 upon 18O substitution. The 18O-isotopic frequency shift was recognized for Compound ES derived in H218O, but not in H216O. This clearly indicated occurrence of an oxygen exchange between the Fe(IV) = O heme and bulk water. The Fe(IV) = O stretching Raman band was definitely more intense and of higher frequency in D2O than in H2O as in Compound II of horseradish peroxidase, but in contrast with this its frequency was unaltered between pH 4 and 11. The Fe(II)-histidine stretching Raman line was assigned on the basis of the frequency shift observed for 54Fe isotopic substitution. From the intensity analysis of this band, the pKa of the heme-linked ionization of ferrocytochrome c peroxidase was determined to be 7.3. The Raman spectrum of ferricytochrome c peroxidase strongly suggested that the heme is placed under an equilibrium between the 5- and 6-coordinate high-spin structures. At neutral pH it is biased to the 5-coordinate structure, but at the acidic side of the transition of pKa = 5.5 the 6-coordinate heme becomes dominant. F- was bound to the heme iron at pH 6, but Cl- was bound only at acidic pH. Acidification by HNO3, H2SO4, CH3COOH, HBr, or HI resulted in somewhat different populations of the 5- and 6-coordinate forms when they were compared at pH 4.3. Accordingly, it is inferred that a water molecule which is suggested to occupy the sixth coordination position of the heme iron is not coordinated to the heme iron at pH 6 but that protonation of the pKa = 5.5 residue induces an appreciable structural change, allowing the coordination of the water molecule to the heme iron.
Paresthesia of nerve due to acute apical periodontitis of a non-vital tooth: report of two cases

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Paresthesia or dysesthesia of the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) as the result of endodontic treatment or periodontal disease is a rare but serious occurrence. This paper describes two cases of paresthesia and dysesthesia of the IAN due to acute apical periodontitis of a right mandibular second molar and a right mandibular second premolar in proximity to inferior alveolar canal. Symptoms of sensory disruption disappeared approximately 2 months after conventional endodontic treatment associated with antibiotic therapy. One year later both teeth were still asymptomatic. Keywords : Endodontic Pain, Inferior Alveolar Nerve, Injuries, Paresthesia.
Data from Gene Regulatory Network Analysis Identifies Sex-Linked Differences in Colon Cancer Drug Metabolism

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

<div>Abstract<p>Understanding sex differences in colon cancer is essential to advance disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Males have a higher risk of developing colon cancer and a lower survival rate than women. However, the molecular features that drive these sex differences are poorly understood. In this study, we use both transcript-based and gene regulatory network methods to analyze RNA-seq data from The Cancer Genome Atlas for 445 patients with colon cancer. We compared gene expression between tumors in men and women and observed significant sex differences in sex chromosome genes only. We then inferred patient-specific gene regulatory networks and found significant regulatory differences between males and females, with drug and xenobiotics metabolism via cytochrome P450 pathways more strongly targeted in females. This finding was validated in a dataset of 1,193 patients from five independent studies. While targeting, the drug metabolism pathway did not change overall survival for males treated with adjuvant chemotherapy, females with greater targeting showed an increase in 10-year overall survival probability, 89% [95% confidence interval (CI), 78–100] survival compared with 61% (95% CI, 45–82) for women with lower targeting, respectively (<i>P</i> = 0.034). Our network analysis uncovers patterns of transcriptional regulation that differentiate male and female colon cancer and identifies differences in regulatory processes involving the drug metabolism pathway associated with survival in women who receive adjuvant chemotherapy. This approach can be used to investigate the molecular features that drive sex differences in other cancers and complex diseases.</p><p><b>Significance:</b> A network-based approach reveals that sex-specific patterns of gene targeting by transcriptional regulators are associated with survival outcome in colon cancer. This approach can be used to understand how sex influences progression and response to therapies in other cancers. <i>Cancer Res; 78(19); 5538–47. ©2018 AACR</i>.</p></div>