jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Identification of Flavonoids and Phenolic Compounds in Propolis from Stingless Bee (Tetragonula biroi Friese) Nests and Extracts from Five Tree Sources Using Tandem Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Propolis collected from the nests of stingless bee, Tetragonula biroi, and exudates from five tree species observed to be foraged by T. biroi, namely, mango (Mangifera indica), jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyl/us), pili (Canarium ovatum), caimito (Chrysophyllum cainito) and chico (Achras sapota) were processed to identify the flavonoids and phenolic compounds using tandem liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The flavonoids and phenolic compounds identified from the propolis and exudates from the five plant species were similar. They were pinobanksin- 5, 7-dimethyl ether and Artepillin C, luteolin-5-methyl ether, pinobanskin-3-0 (butyrate or isobutyrate) and kaempferide. Characterization of each compound present in propolis is necessary to determine its plant origin and biological activity.
Risk Factors for Chronic Intertrigo of the Lymphedema Leg in Southern India

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Rich clinical experiences indicate that toe web intertrigo is a major predisposing condition for cellulitis/acute dermatolymphango adenitis (ADLA) and the number of lesions is the strongest predictor of frequency of ADLA in lymphedema (LE) patients. However, there is scanty information on the risk factors for the establishment of chronic toe web intertrigo in LE patients. We performed a case-control study recruiting 52 lower limb LE with intertrigo and 52 lower limb LE without intertrigo in community settings and assessed general and local potential risk factors for chronic intertrigo. Analysis of local risk factors revealed that topical application of oil, tingling and numbness of the extremities were associated independently with chronic intertrigo. In multivariate analysis, LE grades III and IV were associated with chronic intertrigo, after adjusting for tingling and numbness, prophylactic antibiotic, age group, and gender. From a public health perspective, LE patients of grades III and IV and patients under antibiotic prophylaxis should be self-motivated to look for the early symptoms of toe web intertrigo to prevent chronic stage and recurrent episodes of cellulitis. Patients with history of tingling and numbness of the periphery need to be monitored for pressure effects leading to poor vascularization and delayed healing of intertrigo.
Mechanisms of Ovarian Cancer-Associated Cachexia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Cancer-associated cachexia occurs in 50% to 80% of cancer patients and is responsible for 20% to 30% of cancer-related deaths. Cachexia limits survival and treatment outcomes, and is a major contributor to morbidity and mortality during cancer. Ovarian cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths in women, and recent studies have begun to highlight the prevalence and clinical impact of cachexia in this population. Here, we review the existing understanding of cachexia pathophysiology and summarize relevant studies assessing ovarian cancer–associated cachexia in clinical and preclinical studies. In clinical studies, there is increased evidence that reduced skeletal muscle mass and quality associate with worse outcomes in subjects with ovarian cancer. Mouse models of ovarian cancer display cachexia, often characterized by muscle and fat wasting alongside inflammation, although they remain underexplored relative to other cachexia-associated cancer types. Certain soluble factors have been identified and successfully targeted in these models, providing novel therapeutic targets for mitigating cachexia during ovarian cancer. However, given the relatively low number of studies, the translational relevance of these findings is yet to be determined and requires more research. Overall, our current understanding of ovarian cancer–associated cachexia is insufficient and this review highlights the need for future research specifically aimed at exploring mechanisms of ovarian cancer–associated cachexia by using unbiased approaches and animal models representative of the clinical landscape of ovarian cancer.
Perturbation series methods for calculating electron-atom differential cross sections

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The problem of electron–atom scattering is one of the oldest problems in atomic physics dating back to the early part of this century. This problem has often been studied and there were periods for which the problem was considered solved if one defined solved to mean that there was agreement between the existing experimental data and theoretical calculations. The early experimental measurements were typically total cross sections—that is cross sections summed over spins, summed over magnetic sub levels and integrated over scattering angles. For the case of atomic excitation, the measurements were normally performed for the allowed transitions. These cross sections were generally in reasonable agreement with the highly popular Born approximation which treats the projectile as a plane wave.
Government policy and the effective employment and deployment of support staff in UK schools: democratic progress or knee-jerk reaction to the teacher shortage? A dilemma for school leaders

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper examines the massive increase in numbers of support staff in mainland UK schools over the last few years. It looks at the proliferation and growing importance of their roles, and at the failures to establish firmly the professional status of these personnel. It compares and contrasts the UK situation with that in other democratic countries. The paper draws some important conclusions about the radical nature of the change to understanding concepts of education, teaching and learning that are implicit in these developments. An attempt is made to explore the value of a post-modernist approach in examining issues about the employment and deployment of support staff in schools. The implications of this approach for school leadership are discussed.
Convergence rates for loop-erased random walk and other Loewner curves

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We estimate convergence rates for curves generated by Loewner’s differential equation under the basic assumption that a convergence rate for the driving terms is known. An important tool is what we call the tip structure modulus, a geometric measure of regularity for Loewner curves parameterized by capacity. It is analogous to Warschawski’s boundary structure modulus and closely related to annuli crossings. The main application we have in mind is that of a random discrete-model curve approaching a Schramm–Loewner evolution (SLE) curve in the lattice size scaling limit. We carry out the approach in the case of loop-erased random walk (LERW) in a simply connected domain. Under mild assumptions of boundary regularity, we obtain an explicit power-law rate for the convergence of the LERW path toward the radial $\\mathrm{SLE}_{2}$ path in the supremum norm, the curves being parameterized by capacity. On the deterministic side, we show that the tip structure modulus gives a sufficient geometric condition for a Loewner curve to be Hölder continuous in the capacity parameterization, assuming its driving term is Hölder continuous. We also briefly discuss the case when the curves are a priori known to be Hölder continuous in the capacity parameterization and we obtain a power-law convergence rate depending only on the regularity of the curves.
TU‐D‐206‐02: Body Tomosynthesis Image Features and Artifacts

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The current use of tomosynthesis for musculo‐skeletal, abdominal, and thoracic imaging will be considered in four sections: A. Current Practice (M. Bath) : The presently available systems for body tomosynthesis will be reviewed and the current diagnostic applications described. B. Image Features and artifacts (M. FLynn): The consequence of a limited angle linear acquisition scan on image features and artifacts will be explained. C. Radiation Dose (J. Sabol): The organ dose associated with common tomosynthesis protocols will be reported and compared to the dose for radiographic and computed tomography procedures. D. Acceptance testing and Quality Assurance (K. Jones): Recommended medical physics acceptance test will be described and appriate programs for quality assurance discussed. Learning Objectives: Learn how body tomosynthesis is currently being used in diagnostic radiology. Understand how scan acquisitions can be designed to optimize image content and minimize artifacts. Learn to radiation dose associated with common protocols. Understand how to best evaluate a newly purchased tomosynthesis system. J. Sabol, Presenter is an employee of GE Healthcare.
Auditory temporal computation in fish

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Fishes offer valuable opportunities for investigating auditory temporal computation. They use simple communication sounds. The ears and central auditory pathways are similar to those of other vertebrates, but the periphery is not specialized for frequency analysis as it is in mammals, and acoustic temporal analysis predominates. In the fish Pollimyrus, a small gas-filled bladder is coupled to each sacculus and translates acoustic pressure to motion of the hair cells. Behaviorally, these fish are sensitive to small differences in the temporal structure of sounds. Neurophysiological recordings from the auditory nerve show that sounds are faithfully encoded by the intervals between phase-locked spikes. This representation is transformed as it ascends the pathway, and is used in neural computations. In the auditory midbrain neurons are activated by particular temporal patterns. The selectivity of the auditory feature detectors results from neural computations that use synchronized trains of spikes as input. Computational modeling supports the hypothesis that a simple network, with three neurons and inhibitory gating, underlies the emergence of temporal tuning in the auditory midbrain. The slow kinetics of inhibition and postinhibitory rebound provide a basis for tuning to the long time intervals (10–50 ms) that are important in communication sounds. [Work supported by NIH Grant No. R01 DC01252.]
Use of a learning portfolio for continuous professional development: A study of pharmacists in Ontario (Canada)

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The use of learning portfolios in health professions has been widely described and discussed as an important tool for promoting reflective practice and continuing professional development. Within pharmacy, there have been reports of the use of the learning portfolio in practice and education. The Ontario College of Pharmacists, as part of its maintenance of competency requirements, requires practicing pharmacists to maintain a learning portfolio as a written record of learning activities, resources used and outcomes. For this study, surveys were distributed to 1415 pharmacists in Ontario, Canada (representing approximately 20% of all pharmacists in the province) and data was collected related to use of the learning portfolio in practice. In addition, anecdotal feedback was collected and analyzed to identify the value of the portfolio in maintenance of competency activities for pharmacists . Results indicate that initially pharmacists may express misunderstanding or misapprehension regarding the role of the learning portfolio and optimal ways of documenting learning in practice. However , with additional support ( including the use of facilitated , peer-based discussions), attitudes towards learning portfolios shift towards acceptance and understanding . Quantitative data indicates a wide variation in the number of learning objectives identified per pharmacist per year , the amount of time spent in continuous professional development activities , and the impact of these activities on changing practice.
Intraoperative near Infrared Visualization of Skull Base Tumors using Endoscopic Techniques

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Differentiation of skull base tumors from surrounding normal brain tissue can be a significant challenge during neurosurgery. In contrast to groups that have used visible light fluorescent dyes, we have focused on near-infrared (NIR) wavelengths as it has superior depth of penetration, lack of autofluorescence in the brain.
Effect of Sahaja yoga practice on seizure control & EEG changes in patients of epilepsy.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The effect of Sahaja yoga meditation on seizure control and electroencephalographic alterations was assessed in 32 patients of idiopathic epilepsy. The subjects were randomly divided into 3 groups. Group I (n = 10) practised Sahaja yoga for 6 months, Group II (n = 10) practised exercises mimicking Sahaja yoga for 6 months and Group III (n = 12) served as the epileptic control group. Group I subjects reported a 62 per cent decrease in seizure frequency at 3 months and a further decrease of 86 per cent at 6 months of intervention. Power spectral analysis of EEG showed a shift in frequency from 0-8 Hz towards 8-20 Hz. The ratios of EEG powers in delta (D), theta (T), alpha (A) and beta (B) bands i.e., A/D, A/D + T, A/T and A + B/D + T were increased. Per cent D power decreased and per cent A increased. No significant changes in any of the parameters were found in Groups II and III, indicating that Sahaja yoga practice brings about seizure reduction and EEG changes. Sahaja yoga could prove to be beneficial in the management of patients of epilepsy.
Reversible pH‐Dependent Properties of Multilayer Microcapsules Made of Weak Polyelectrolytes

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Summary: We investigated microcapsules composed of the weak polyelectrolytes poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) and poly(methacrylic acid) (PMA) assembled on calcium carbonate cores. These capsules are stable in the pH range from 2.5 to 11.5, undergoing reversible swelling in the pH interval from 2.7 to 2.6. Capsule swelling occurs at a protonation degree above 90%. The pH‐dependent size variation of PAH/PMA capsules is blocked after crosslinking of the polyelectrolyte layers. Schematic of the swelling and de‐swelling of the capsules with changing pH. image Schematic of the swelling and de‐swelling of the capsules with changing pH.
Breeding of A New Hemp Variety "Jin Ma 1"

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A new cannabis variety—Jin Ma 1 which was selected and bred systematically by Economic Crops Research Institute of Shanxi Province Academy of Agricultural Sciences.The mean yield of dried bark of Jin Ma 1 was 1470.8kg/hm2 in the regional tests held in Shanxi Province during 2007 and 2008,which was 18.28% higher than that of Linxianxiaoma which was 1243.5kg/hm2.This new variety was approved and named at the 7th meeting of the 5th Crops Variety Examination Committee of Shanxi Province in 2010.Its main characteristics are tall plant,uniform stems,few branches,a good consistency for a group of plant,hereditary stability,good comprehensive agronomic characters,high quality and high yield,etc.It is the first cannabis variety chosen to cultivate in Shanxi Province.
Enzyme inactivation by a cellular neutral protease: Enzyme specificity, effects of ligands on inactivation, and implications for the regulation of enzyme degradation

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract A protease from Tetrahymena pyriformis inactivated eight of nine commercially available enzymes tested, including lactate dehydrogenase, isocitrate dehydrogenase (TPN‐specific), glucose‐6 phosphate dehydrogenase, D‐amino acid oxidase, fumarase, pyruvate kinase, hexokinase, and citrate synthase. Urate oxidase was not inactivated. Inactivation occurred at neutral pH, was prevented by inhibitors of the protease, and followed first order kinetics. In those cases tested, inactivation was enhanced by mercaptoethanol. Most of the enzyme‐inactivating activity was due to a protease of molecular weight 25,000 that eluted from DEAE‐Sephadex at 0.3 M KCl. A second protease of this molecular weight, which was not retained by the gel, inactivated only isocitrate dehydrogenase and D‐amino acid oxidase. These two proteases could also be distinguished by temperature and inhibitor sensitivity. Two other protease peaks obtained by DEAE‐Sephadex chromatography had little or no enzyme inactivating activity, while another attacked only D‐amino acid oxidase. At least six of the enzymes could be protected from proteolytic inactivation by various ligands. Isocitrate dehydrogenase was protected by isocitrate, TPN, or TPNH, glucose‐6‐dehydrogenase by glucose‐6‐P or TPN, pyruvate kinase by phosphoenolypyruvate or ADP, hexokinase by glucose, and fumarase by a mixture of fumarate and malate. Lactate dehydrogenase was not protected by either of its substrates or coenzymes. Citrate synthase was probably protected by oxalacetate. Our data suggest that the protease or proteases discussed here may participate in the inactivation or degradation of at least some enzymes in Tetrahymena . Since the inactivation occurs at neutral pH, this process could be regulated by variations in the cellular levels of substrates, coenzymes, or allosteric regulators resulting from changes in growth conditions or growth state. Such a mechanism would permit the selective retention of enzymes of metabolically active pathways.
A Simple and Mild Synthesis of 1H-Isochromenes and (Z)-1-Alkylidene-1,3-dihydroisobenzofurans by the Iodocyclization of 2-(1-Alkynyl)benzylic Alcohols

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A variety of iodo-substituted isochromenes, dihydroisobenzofurans, and pyranopyridines are readily prepared in good to excellent yields under mild conditions by the iodocyclization of readily available 2-(1-alkynyl)benzylic alcohols or 2-(1-alkynyl)-3-(hydroxymethyl)pyridines. Reactions are carried out in MeCN at 25 degrees C with 3 equiv of I(2) as the iodine source and NaHCO(3) (3 equiv) as the base. The regiochemical outcome of the reaction strongly depends on the substitution pattern of the starting material. In particular, the 5-exo-dig cyclization mode, leading to dihydroisobenzofurans, is observed in the case of substrates bearing a tertiary alcoholic group, owing to the gem-dialkyl effect, while the 6-endo-dig cyclization mode, leading to isochromene or pyranopyridines, is the usually preferred pathway in the case of substrates bearing a primary or secondary alcoholic group.
The Financial Crisis and the Euro Plus Pact: A Labour Lawyer's Perspective

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Journal Article The Financial Crisis and the Euro Plus Pact: A Labour Lawyer's Perspective Get access Catherine Barnard Catherine Barnard University of Cambridge Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Industrial Law Journal, Volume 41, Issue 1, March 2012, Pages 98–114, https://doi.org/10.1093/indlaw/dws002 Published: 01 March 2012
A study of surface management issues for taxiing aircraft

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper looks into optimisation models for surface management at the airport. Many literature studies were performed in this field of study previously but none of them were done specifically for the Singapore Changi Airport. This paper aims to find a probable solution for the increasing demand for efficient surface management and to improve on the existing taxiing routes for arrival and departure aircrafts at the Changi Airport. A proposed optimisation model was chosen and experimented to investigate on its feasibility. However, further detailed feasibility studies will have to be followed up for Changi Airport to be able to reap the full benefits of the optimisation model.
Anxiolytic-like effects of Moringa oleifera in Swiss mice

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Moringa oleifera is evident to act against many neurological diseases, including muscle spasm, epilepsy, nervousness, fatigue, memory impairment, convulsion, and epilepsy. Anxiety represents the most common and disabling psychiatric condition, being often associated with depressive symptoms. This study investigated the anxiolytic-like effects of crude organic fractions of M. oleifera leaves in different behavioral paradigms that evaluate anxiety in mice. To this end, mice were administered with crude extracts (500 mg/kg, p.o.) and/or diazepam (2 mg/kg, p.o.), and submitted to behavioral tests. In the open-field test, the number of square field cross, grooming and rearing were calculated, while in light-dark and swing test were, respectively, the time spent in dark portion and number of swings. Each test was performed for 3 min. M. oleifera leaf methanol and n-hexane extracts elicited an anxiolytic-like effect observed by increased total time in the center and decreased number of rearings and groomings responses in the open field and swing tests, and residence in the dark portion in the light-dark box, similar to the diazepam group. A moderate anxiolytic effect was observed in the aqueous fraction group, while insignificant effects were recorded in the ethyl acetate fraction group in all test paradigms. In addition, both extracts potentiate the calming effects of diazepam in experimental animals. Preliminary phytochemical reports suggest that M. oleifera contains alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, steroids, glycosides, saponins, tannin, terpenes, and gums. Of note, the results expand the understanding of M. oleifera effects in central nervous system and suggest that plant metabolites may be helpful for anxiety-related disorders management.
Health Risk Prediction Using Big Medical Data - a Collaborative Filtering-Enhanced Deep Learning Approach

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The massive amount of medical data accumulated from patients and healthcare providers has become a vast reservoir of knowledge source that may enable promising applications such as risk predictive modeling, clinical decision support, disease or safety surveillance. However, discovering knowledge from the big medical data can be very complex because of the nature of this type of data: they normally contain large amount of unstructured data; they may have lots of missing values; they can be highly complex and heterogeneous. To address these challenges, in this paper we propose a Collaborative Filtering-Enhanced Deep Learning approach. In particular, we estimate missing values based on patients' similarity, i.e., we predict one patient's missing features based on the values of similar patients. This is implemented with the Collaborative Topic Regression method, which tightly couples topic model and probability matrix factorization and is able to utilize the rich information hidden in the data. Then a deep neural network-based method is applied for the prediction of health risks. This method can help us handle complex and multi-modality data. Extensive experiments on a real-world dataset have been performed and the results show improvements of our proposed algorithm over the state-of-the-art methods.