jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Roles of the forkhead in rhabdomyosarcoma (FKHR) phosphorylation sites in regulating 14-3-3 binding, transactivation and nuclear targetting

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The transcription factor, forkhead in rhabdomyosarcoma (FKHR), is phosphorylated at three amino acid residues (Thr-24, Ser-256 and Ser-319) by protein kinase B (PKB)α. In the present study, mutagenesis has been used to study the roles of these phosphorylation events in regulating FKHR function in transfected HEK-293 cells. We find that the overexpression of FKHR[S256A] (where Ser-256 → Ala) blocks PKB activity in cells, preventing phosphorylation of the endogenous substrates FKHRL1 and glycogen synthase kinase-3. Thus some reported effects of overexpression of this and other mutants may be indirect, and result from suppression of the phosphorylation of other sites on FKHR and/or other PKB substrates. For example, we have shown that Thr-24 phosphorylation alone is critical for interaction with 14-3-3 proteins, and that the substitution of Ser-256 with an alanine residue indirectly blocks 14-3-3 protein binding by preventing the phosphorylation of Thr-24. We also found that insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 and serum-induced nuclear exclusion of FKHR[S256A] depends on the degree of overexpression of this mutant. Our results indicated that the interaction of FKHR with 14-3-3 proteins was not required for IGF-1-stimulated exclusion of FKHR from the nucleus. We present evidence in support of another mechanism, which depends on the phosphorylation of Ser-256 and may involve the masking of a nuclear localization signal. Finally, we have demonstrated that the failure of IGF-1 to suppress transactivation by FKHR[S256A] is not explained entirely by its failure to bind 14-3-3 proteins or to undergo nuclear exclusion. This result suggests that Ser-256 phosphorylation may also suppress transactivation by FKHR by yet another mechanism, perhaps by disrupting the interaction of FKHR with target DNA binding sites and/or the function of the transactivation domain.
Protein kinase activity of the glycolytic enzyme PGK1 regulates autophagy to promote tumorigenesis

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Macroautophagy/autophagy is a cellular defense response to stress conditions and is crucial for cell homeostasis maintenance. However, the precise mechanism underlying autophagy initiation, especially in response to glutamine deprivation and hypoxia, is yet to be explored. We recently discovered that PGK1 (phosphoglycerate kinase 1), a glycolytic enzyme, functions as a protein kinase, phosphorylating BECN1/Beclin 1 to initiate autophagy. Under glutamine deprivation or hypoxia stimulation, PGK1 is acetylated at K388 by NAA10/ARD1 in an MTOR-inhibition-dependent manner, leading to the interaction between PGK1 and BECN1 and the subsequent phosphorylation of BECN1 at S30 by PGK1. This phosphorylation enhances ATG14-associated PIK3C3/VPS34-BECN1-PIK3R4/VPS15 complex activity, thereby increasing phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate (PtdIns3P) generation in the initiation stage of autophagy. Furthermore, NAA10-dependent PGK1 acetylation and PGK1-dependent BECN1 phosphorylation are required for glutamine deprivation- and hypoxia-induced autophagy and brain tumor formation. Our work reveals the important dual roles of PGK1 as a glycolytic enzyme and a protein kinase in the mutual regulation of cell metabolism and autophagy in maintaining cell homeostasis.
Unpacking the Relationship Between Circular Economy and Interorganizational Collaboration: An Exploratory Study and an Analytical Framework

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Collaboration among different organisations could be a vital enabler of a circular economy (CE). However, few studies examine the role of inter-organisational collaboration in CE initiatives. Particularly obscure is the relationship between different types of inter-organisational collaboration and specific CE initiatives. This paper explores such a relationship in the automotive sector through a content analysis of 73 non-financial reports disseminated by the world's largest automakers in 2021 and 2022. This paper shows that focal firms primarily leverage inter-organisational collaboration with suppliers to implement CE initiatives, mainly recycling and reducing initiatives. Focal firms relatively often collaborate with multiple actors and customers to implement CE initiatives, particularly recycling initiatives. Of note, collaboration with universities and research institutes plays a minor role in CE initiatives, assuming only a relatively higher relevance in CE initiatives with the highest degree of circularity. Last, this paper provides a novel analytical framework to examine the relationship between inter-organisational collaboration and CE.
Predictors of College Success: A Comparison of Traditional and Nontraditional Age Students

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Traditional (age 23 and under) and nontraditional (age 25 and over) full-time undergraduates were assessed on five personal dimensions, two learning dimensions, and two collegiate goals (GPA and career decidedness). Multiple regression assessed which dimensions predicted the two collegiate goals. Significant predictors were generally the same for both traditional and nontraditional students. Academic efficacy, self-regulation, and social support were positive predictors of GPA. Career decisionmaking self-efficacy and social support were positive predictors of career decidedness. Nontraditional students and females had higher GPAs and greater decidedness. Academic performance and career development were seen as concurrent but largely separate processes.
A clinico-hematological profile of hemolytic-uremic syndrome.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) is defined as microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia and uremia. It is an important cause of acute renal failure (ARF) in children all over the world. The present study was carried out to assess the incidence, clinical presentation, hematological and biochemical profile of children presenting with HUS from 1987 to 1990. Out of the 100 cases who presented with ARF 22 had HUS. A majority of these children were males below 1 year of age, and had a prodromal phase of mainly gastrointestinal manifestations lasting for about a week. Anemia was a constant feature followed by bleeding diathesis, mainly melena and purpura. Neurological manifestations included altered sensorium, irritability, coma, hypertensive encephalopathy and convulsions. Renal problems mainly included oliguria, hypertension, hematuria and edema. Investigations revealed thrombocytopenia and microangiopathic hemolytic anemia in all cases. Evidence of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) was observed in 3 cases as decreased fibrinogen levels, increased fibrinogen degradation products and deranged clotting studies. Blood biochemistry revealed azotemia in all cases, hyponatremia in 5 cases, hypernatremia in 3 cases and hyperkalemia in 12 cases. Stool culture showed the presence of Shigella in 8, E. coli in 6 and Klebsiella in 4 cases. Out of 22 cases of HUS, 15 were treated conservatively; of these 2 died. Both of these deaths were due to DIC 7 children were put on peritoneal dialysis; only 1 child died in this group. Factors affecting the outcome were duration of oliguria, levels of blood urea and presence of encephalopathy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Ketahanan Kampung Wisata Ende, Lombok Tengah dari Perspektif Sosial dan Ekonomi

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

ABSTRACTKampung Wisata Ende, Central Lombok Regency is one of the famous tourism villages in West Nusa Tenggara Privince. It still preserves traditions and culture of Sasak ethnic in their daily activities. However, due to Covid-19 pandemic, this village have experienced a significant decline in domestic and international tourist by 80-90% since March 2020. This condition led to transform living patterns and social systems of Kampung Wisata Ende people’s. This reserach aims to analyze the changes of community resilience factors due to pandemic impacts. The social and economic resilience were assessed since those two aspects had the highest contribution to the people’s life. The research involved 12 key-persons of Kampung Wisata Ende to collect data related to social and economic resilience through in-depth-interview. A descriptive comparative and Wilcoxon Test were applied to analyse transformation of social and economi resilience. The result show that Covid-19 pandemic has highly impact to the people’s and tourism activity in Kampung Ende. Related to social resilience, it has improved, specifically on social connections and familial bonds for mutual assistance. However, due to loss of livelihoods and tourism activities, their economic resilience have been highly declined. Then, it is needed improvement strategis of the government to recover and strengthen the resilience of Kampung Wisata Ende.ABSTRAKKampung Wisata Ende, Kabupaten Lombok Tengah merupakan salah satu desa wisata terkenal di Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat. Kampung ini masih mempertahankan tradisi dan kebudayaan Suku Sasak dalam menjalankan aktivitas sehari-hari. Namun pada Maret 2020, Kampung Ende mengalami penurunan kunjungan wisatawan mencapai 80-90% akibat pandemi Covid-19. Kondisi tersebut menyebabkan perubahan pada pola kehidupan dan sistem kemasyarakatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa bagaimana perubahan ketahanan masyarakat akibat terdampak pandemi. Aspek ketahanan sosial dan ekonomi menjadi fokus penelitian karena keduanya dianggal berpengaruh langsung dan besar terhadap kehidupan masyarakat. Penelitian melibatkan 12 responden kunci untuk mengumpulkan data terkait dengan ketahanan sosial-ekonomi melalui mekanisme wawancara mendalam. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif komparatif dan Uji Wilcoxon untuk menganalisis kondisi/perubahan pada aspek-aspek ketahanan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pandemi Covid-19 sangat signifikan berdampak pada kehidupan masyarakat. Berkaitan dengan ketahanan sosial menunjukkan perubahan positif, terutama hubungan sosial dan ikatan kekeluargaan untuk saling membantu. Berbanding terbalik dengan ketahanan ekonomi yang mengarah pada perubahan negatif akibat perubahan pola penghidupan dan penurunan aktivitas pariwisata. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan strategi yang inovatif untuk memperbaiki dan memperkuat ketahanan Kampung Wisata Ende.
An analytical model for false turn-on evaluation of GaN transistor in bridge-leg configuration

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Gallium Nitride (GaN) transistors are especially attractive in their capability of switching at high frequencies, and enable power conversion systems with reduced size and higher efficiency. However, owing to the low threshold voltage of the commercially available enhancement-mode (E-mode) GaN devices, the devices are more prone to false turn-on phenomenon, leading to larger switching losses, circuit oscillation and even shoot-through in bridge-leg configuration. In order to enlarge the gate terminal's safe operating margin without increasing the reverse conduction loss during dead-time, a negative gate voltage bias for turn-off and an anti-parallel diode can be applied to GaN transistor. In this work, to accurately evaluate the detailed turn-on characteristics of GaN transistors in bridge-leg configuration, analytical device models that count for the strong nonlinearities of device's I-V and C-V characteristics are firstly developed. Then an analytical circuit model taking into account the circuit parameters as well as the intrinsic behaviors of GaN transistor and anti-parallel diode is established. Thus, the critical transient waveforms, such as displacement currents and false triggering voltage pulse on gate terminal can be simulated. The proposed models are then verified on a testing board with GaN-based bridge-leg circuit. To provide design guidelines for suppressing false turn-on, impacts of circuit parameters are investigated based on the proposed model.
Mobile Actors, Mobile Slaves: Female Slaves from the Black Sea Region in Seventeenth-Century Istanbul

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This contribution aims to investigate mobility in the context of Ottoman slavery. Mainly on the basis of seventeenth-century Istanbul court records, the study deals with the question of mobility by focusing on female household slaves in Ottoman Istanbul who originated from the Black Sea region. With a look at the actors who surrounded them, female slaves are analysed at different stages in their lives. These stages were marked by changes related to mobility. The entry as well as the exit from slavery meant a spatial and social mobility for the slave women. But even in the time in between, slave women remained mobile through aspects such as conversion and resale. This paper further shows that Ottoman slavery and the slave trade were part of the Transottoman context: it can be seen that spaces of interaction were created through the connections and exchanges of actors beyond the Ottoman Empire.
Genetic architecture and association study of yield and component traits of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) genotypes

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In the present experiment, 328 sesame genotypes were evaluated in Summer season 2021 with augmented block design at Project Coordinating Unit (Sesame and Niger), JNKVV, Jabalpur. Twelve quantitative traits were taken into consideration where significant variability was obtained for all the studied traits. The significant positive correlation was observed for primary branches/plant, secondary plant/plant, node to first flower, seed/capsule, capsule length, capsule/plant and plant height with seed yield/plant. On the basis of PCA, 5 PCs obtained more than one eigen value. Overall results revealed that traits and genotypes studied have a considerable level of variability which can be exploited in future breeding programmes.
Downregulation of miR‑27b promotes skin wound healing in a rat model of scald burn by promoting fibroblast proliferation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect and mechanism of action of microRNA (miR)-27b on skin wound healing in rats with deep second-degree scald burns and in BJ human skin fibroblast cells. Rat models with deep second-degree scald burns were constructed and injected with miR-27b mimics and inhibitors at the wound site daily for 21 days. Healing of burned skin tissues was observed at 0, 3, 7, 14 and 21 days following modeling. H&E and Masson staining were used to observe the pathological structure and degree of collagen fibers in the burned skin tissues. The effects of miR-27b on BJ cell proliferation and migration were determined by MTT and scratch assays. Matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1), α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), collagen I and collagen III expression in rat skin tissues and BJ cells were measured via reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blot analysis. The results of the in vivo experiments demonstrated that miR-27b inhibition accelerated scalded skin healing and induced fibroblast growth. Furthermore, the in vitro experiments revealed that miR-27b inhibition increased BJ cell proliferation and migration. Furthermore, miR-27b inhibition upregulated MMP-1, α-SMA, collagen I and collagen III expression in the skin tissues and cells, while the overexpression of miR-27b demonstrated the opposite effect. In conclusion, the results of the present study revealed that miR-27b inhibition increased fibroblast proliferation, thereby accelerating scald wound healing in rats.
Particle-Swarm Optimization in Antenna Design: Optimization of Log-Periodic Dipole Arrays

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents a short tutorial and overview of optimization algorithms based on particle-swarm schemes, and their application to solving electromagnetic problems. As a practical example, a particle-swarm optimization (PSO) tool has been applied in conjunction with the Numerical Electromagnetics Code (NEC) to get the design curves of optimized log-periodic dipole arrays (LPDAs). The graphs show the performance of several radiation parameters (directive gain, front-to-back ratio, bandwidth, SWR, and half-power beamwidth in the E and H planes) as a function of typical design parameters of log-periodic dipole arrays (geometrical parameters and characteristics of the feed). Examples of optimized antennas are given, and their performance is compared to that of standard log-periodic dipole arrays.
Oxygen-induced effects on the morphology of the Fe(001) surface in out-of-equilibrium conditions

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The oxygen-induced effects on the morphology of out-of-equilibrium iron surfaces have been studied by means of scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy applied to either the Fe(001) or the Fe(001)-$p(1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1)$O surface. With respect to the pristine Fe(100) surface, step coalescence is observed upon oxygen exposure when the Fe(001)-$p(1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1)$O surface is formed, with a final morphology characterized by wide terraces separated by steps bunches. We have also investigated the surfactant properties of the chemisorbed oxygen by comparing Fe/Fe(001) and Fe/Fe(001)-$p(1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1)$O homoepitaxy and analyzing the influence of the oxygen overlayer on the growth kinetics. The intralayer mass transport is found to be unaffected by the presence of oxygen, suggesting oxygen-enhanced interlayer mass transport as a mechanism able to explain the surfactant effect. We attribute both phenomena to the presence of a strained FeO overlayer.
SOFT-TISSUE RELEASES TO TREAT SPASTIC HIP SUBLUXATION IN CHILDREN WITH CEREBRAL PALSY

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Spastic hip subluxation and dislocation are common problems in children with cerebral palsy. Soft-tissue releases have proved to be beneficial in the prevention of spastic hip dislocation. A protocol for treatment based on patient age, hip abduction, and hip migration percentage was established in 1988. The purpose of this study was to assess the outcome in sixty-five children treated according to this protocol and followed for a minimum of eight years. Methods: The medical records and radiographs of sixty-five children, from an original series of seventy-four patients, who met the inclusion criteria were available for review. Forty-seven children had spastic quadriplegia and were unable to walk; eighteen children had spastic diplegia and were able to walk independently or with assistive devices. The mean age at the time of the surgery was 4.4 years. Open adductor tenotomy and psoas muscle recession or iliopsoas tenotomy were performed on 129 hips, which were followed for a mean of 10.8 years. The mean age at the time of follow-up was fifteen years. Hips were grouped according to the hip migration percentage preoperatively, at one year postoperatively, and at the time of final follow-up. The final outcome for the patient was defined according to the worse hip. An analysis was performed to identify potential factors influencing outcome. Results: Thirty-two patients (49%) had a good result, eleven (17%) had a fair result, three (4%) had a poor result, and nineteen (30%) had a failure. The mean hip migration percentage was 34% preoperatively and 18% at the time of final follow-up. Nineteen patients required subsequent osseous reconstructive procedures, and eleven required repeat soft-tissue releases. The migration percentage at one year postoperatively was the most predictive of the final outcome (p = 0.001). Patients who had been able to walk preoperatively had a better long-term outcome (p = 0.01). Neither the preoperative hip migration percentage nor the age at surgery significantly affected the outcome. Conclusions: Soft-tissue release was effective for long-term prevention of hip dislocation in 67% (forty-three) of sixty-five children with spastic hip subluxation. Two preoperative factors that were related to a favorable outcome were a spastic diplegic pattern of involvement and the ability to walk. The hip migration percentage at one year postoperatively was a good predictor of final outcome. Level of Evidence: Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions to Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Factors associated with delayed diagnosis among Filipino pediatric brain tumor patients: a retrospective review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aim: Determine delayed diagnosis measured by prediagnostic symptomatic interval (PSI) among Filipino pediatric brain tumor patients and identify associated factors. Methods: Data was collected retrospectively on Philippine General Hospital pediatric brain tumor patients from 2015 to 2019. PSI was calculated. Associated factors were determined. Results: 196 patients were included. Median PSI was 80.5 days. Longer PSI was significantly associated with older age, supratentorial and low-grade tumors, more physician consults prior to subspecialist referral, longer interval from neuroimaging request to facilitation, and those presenting with seizures (11-month delay), poor school performance (1-year delay), behavioral changes (1.3-year delay) and secondary amenorrhea (3-year delay). Conclusion: Delayed diagnosis among Filipino brain tumor patients is associated with age, tumor characteristics and symptoms that are uncommon in this condition. Awareness of these symptoms through physician education, close monitoring of patients, early subspecialist referral and better neuroimaging access may lead to earlier diagnosis.
Electrical Conduction Mechanisms in PZT Thin Films Deposited by RF Magnetron Sputtering Method

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The study of conductivity of thin film capacitor structures on the basis of PZT was carried out. The obtained asymmetry of I-V characteristics showed the distinction of potential barrier height on interfaces of the Pt/PZT/Pt heterostructures, which changed depending on synthesis conditions. Time dependences of the electric current on DC voltage were investigated. Two main mechanisms of conductivity: Ohmic and Poole-Frenkel emission were revealed. Keywords: FerroelectricPZT thin films I-V characteristicsconductivity Acknowledgments This work was supported by the Russian Federation Ministry for Education in the framework of Science's program Scientists and Science Teachers of an Innovative Russia for 2009–2013.
The Incidence of Body-Checked and Misshapen Eggs in Relation to the Number of Hens Per Cage and Time of Oviposition

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Experiments were conducted to determine if the incidence of body-checked and misshapen eggs were a significant problem and to determine the relationship of number of hens per cage and time of oviposition to the incidence of body-checked and misshapen eggs in a commercial egg operation. In Experiments 1 to 3, eggs laid by three different flocks of hens were scored for degree of misshapenness and body checks. In Experiments 4 to 6, eggs laid by hens housed at various cage densities or manipulated back and forth to various cage densities were also scored. The results indicated that the number of body-checked eggs varied from .9% to 5.4% and 8.5% for the hens in Experiments 1, 2, and 3, respectively. However, the total percentage of misshapen and body-checked eggs was approximately the same (20%) for the different hens. Eggs laid between 0600 hr and 0800 hr had the highest percentage of body checks with 4.0%, 13.4%, and 32.7% being body-checked from hens in Experiment 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Very few body-checked or misshapen eggs were laid after 1000 hr. The incidence of body-checked eggs was directly related to the number of hens per cage.