jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Rigid two-axis MEMS force plate for measuring cellular traction force

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Cellular traction force is one of the important factors for understanding cell behaviors, such as spreading, migration and differentiation. Cells are known to change their behavior according to the mechanical stiffness of the environment. However, the measurement of cell traction forces on a rigid environment has remained difficult. This paper reports a micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) force plate that provides a cellular traction force measurement on a rigid substrate. Both the high force sensitivity and high stiffness of the substrate were obtained using piezoresistive sensing elements. The proposed force plate consists of a 70 µm × 15 µm × 5 µm base as the substrate for cultivating a bovine aortic smooth muscle cell, and the supporting beams with piezoresistors on the sidewall and the surface were used to measure the forces in both the horizontal and vertical directions. The spring constant and force resolution of the fabricated force plate in the horizontal direction were 0.2 N m−1 and less than 0.05 µN, respectively. The cell traction force was measured, and the traction force increased by approximately 1 µN over 30 min. These results demonstrate that the proposed force plate is applicable as an effective traction force measurement.
Sixteen-Millimeter Sound Pictures in Color<!--<xref ref-type="other" rid="fn1-10.5594_J07427">*</xref>-->

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The nature of a variable-width sound track on longitudinally lenticulated Color films is discussed, and the optical reduction of 35-mm. subtractive color subjects to 16-mm. film by the Kodacolor process is described.
The role of CU traits, empathy and moral disengagement in bullying

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract Bullying and victimization have been of interest to a wide variety of disciplines for years due to their serious consequences (Zych et al., 2019). The focus has primarily been on personality factors which have significant associations with bullying perpetration. These factors include CU traits, empathy, and moral disengagement (e.g., Gini, 2006; Thornberg et al., 2015; Zych et al., 2019). However, the relation between those constructs and bullying perpetrator behaviors are unclear and have not been integrated in a single study. Additionally, studies suggest that students with special education support needs are overrepresented in bullying dynamics (e.g., Hartley et al., 2015). Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine whether moral disengagement and empathy act as mediators of CU traits on bullying perpetrator behavior while controlling age, gender and special educational needs. The sample consists of 201 students ( M age = 12.85; SD = 1.37) which were enrolled in schools in Germany. High CU traits were associated with low cognitive and affective empathy and high moral disengagement. Additionally, special educational needs were associated with higher moral disengagement. Moral disengagement mediates the relationship between CU traits and bullying. These findings expand the knowledge of influencing factors in the bullying dynamic and have significant implications for prevention and intervention practices.
Significance of the levels of carboxy terminal type II procollagen peptide, chondroitin sulfate isomers, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases, and metalloproteinases in osteoarthritis joint fluid.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The joint fluid levels of several molecules that reflect the anabolism and catabolism of cartilage matrix and its inflammation were quantitated in patients with primary osteoarthritis (OA) and traumatic arthritis. The carboxy terminal type II procollagen increased in primary OA and traumatic arthritis joint fluid and was thought to be a good marker of the repair response of chondrocytes. We found that the increase of this molecule in the joint correlated well with body mass index in primary OA and the degree of cartilage erosion caused by joint instability in traumatic arthritis. Chondroitin 6-sulfate, an integral part of human aggrecan, was also high in OA and traumatic arthritis joint fluids, and showed a similar distribution with keratan sulfate in each disease group. Stromelysin-1 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 levels in joint fluid were very high in RA, but levels in patients with OA were low. Carboxy terminal type II procollagen appeared most sensitive in the evaluation of risk factors of OA such as obesity and joint instability, compared to other markers tested.
The Evolutionary Strategy of Mimicry

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Research Article| April 01 1977 The Evolutionary Strategy of Mimicry Patricia A. Lane Patricia A. Lane Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar The American Biology Teacher (1977) 39 (4): 214–223. https://doi.org/10.2307/4445881 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Patricia A. Lane; The Evolutionary Strategy of Mimicry. The American Biology Teacher 1 April 1977; 39 (4): 214–223. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/4445881 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentThe American Biology Teacher Search Copyright 1977 National Association of Biology Teachers Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Best Protection Against Eviction?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study focuses on two legal instruments that grant robust protection against eviction: the European Convention on Human Rights ( echr ) and the South African Constitution ( sa Constitution). It compares the protection offered by these two instruments to ascertain which of these instruments offer the most comprehensive protection to unlawful occupiers. This is done so as to determine whether and to what extent these instruments should adopt the protections and approaches offered by the other. It is concluded that, although prima facie the instruments offer similar protection, the implementation of the protections under the sa Constitution offers greater protection. While this can be justified by the socio-economic realities in South Africa, some recommendations regarding the implementation of protections under the echr are made.
APPRAISAL OF THE LEVEL OF ATTENTION RECEIVED BY YAM FARMING FROM THE EXTENSION AGENTS IN RIVERS AND IMO STATES, NIGERIA

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This study appraised the level of attention received by yam farming from extension agents in Rivers and Imo States, Nigeria.Descriptive survey was employed to examine the respondents from the selected extension agencies providing the agricultural services in the two States.A proportionate random sampling was engaged to select five hundred and eighty-seven contact farmers.Data used in this study were obtained through the administration of a planned questionnaire designed in a four point Likert type rating scales.Descriptive statistics such as percentage and weighted mean scores were used to analyze the data, while Ztest was the inferential statistics used to test the hypothesis at 5% level of significance.The findings showed that majority of the respondents in the study areas were middle adult (46 years old), married men (60.80%) and were more of part-time (58%) farmers.It indicated a mean annual income of N150,835.00for the farmers in the areas of study.It also showed that: planting of improved varieties (M = 3.13), minisett technique for yam production (M = 3.11) and planting crops in rows (GM = 3.10), amidst other practices have received adequate attention in yam farming.However, the same result uncovered harvesting strategies of yam (GM = 2.45), nursery practices in yam production (GM = 2.41), organic farming technique (GM = 1.99) and zero staking (GM = 1.34) as aspects of yam farming that have not received adequate attention in the areas.The study therefore recommended among others that: 1) Government should show more concern and make policies that will favour yam production in these States, 2) Only competent and dedicated extension agents should be employed in the field of agriculture to handle technical extension services especially in yam farming without leaving any part of yam farming untouched in these two States and 3) Let feasible rewards for distinguished extension agents be invoked to encourage hard work among extension agents in these two States.
Benefits Of Modern Learning Technologies In Teaching Romanian As L2

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Learning technology consists of a set of techniques, performed in a certain sequence, allowing the implementation of a teaching method; or a set of teaching methods that ensure the implementation of a certain approach to learning, the implementation of a certain teaching system. If in the traditional education system, the teacher and textbook were sources of knowledge, and the teacher was also the controlling subject of knowledge, then, in the new paradigm of education, the teacher acts more as an organizer of international students’ independent active activities, a competent consultant and assistant. His professional skills should aim not only at monitoring international students’ skills and knowledge but also at diagnosing their activities, to help eliminate emerging difficulties through qualified actions over time. It is well known the most important means of communication is language, without which we cannot exist, and the development of human societies is impossible. In today’s society, there are changes in social relations, means of communication (the use of new communication information technologies), the creation of students’ competence, so that they can relate in various situations in the process of interaction with other co-participants in communication. It is necessary to use the language and grammatical rules correctly, opting for a communicative behavior according to the authentic communication situation. The main objective of learning a foreign language is to form communicative competence, that is, the ability to carry out interpersonal and intercultural communication in the foreign language with native speakers.
Teacher Exit and Educational Opportunity: Lessons From Career and Technical Education

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Ensuring a stable pool of teachers is critical to building a pipeline of future workers, especially in career and technical education (CTE), where programming can lead to immediate post-school employment or postsecondary enrollment. We use longitudinal state data with unemployment insurance records to document workforce dynamics among CTE teachers. We find that teachers in hard-to-staff CTE areas are more likely to leave teaching and are difficult to replace, creating net reductions in the number of students who can be served. We demonstrate that teachers with the greatest likelihood of leaving are also those who earn the most money in their post-teaching employment, suggesting actionable dimensions for policies to help retain or recruit teachers in these areas. Ensuring a steady and stable pool of high-quality teachers is critical to building a pipeline of future workers and professionals to support economic stability, especially in growing and high-wage fields. This is particularly true in career and technical education (CTE) where programming in high school can lead to immediate postschool employment or enrollment in aligned postsecondary programs. Increased policy focus on CTE has expanded program offerings over the last 15 years, and new federal requirements that programs align with in-demand occupations and industries have heightened potential tensions between the private and public employment opportunities for current or potential CTE teachers (Perkins V, 2018). Even before the new federal mandate, CTE teachers were a hard-to-staff group, with school administrators citing higher turnover and difficulty hiring (Hensley et al., 2017). Though the quantitative research on CTE teachers is limited, evidence does suggest that teachers who score higher on content-specific certification exams produce graduates who earn more money in their early years of post–high school employment, bolstering the claim that these teachers are important (Chen et al., 2023).
Influence of metallic properties on the fracture characteristics of Al 2 O 3 /Ti/Ni‐laminated composites

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The mutual confinement of ceramics and metals in laminated composites tends to change the original properties of ceramics and metals. In this study, two kinds of laminated composites, Al 2 O 3 /Ti and Al 2 O 3 /Ti/Ni, were prepared. Three‐point bending experiments revealed that Al 2 O 3 /Ti underwent brittle fracture after elastic deformation. The fracture morphology analysis revealed that the Ti in Al 2 O 3 /Ti became brittle due to the formation of columnar crystals. The temperature gradient perpendicular to the direction of laminations during preparation was responsible for the formation of columnar crystals. The force–displacement curves of the Al 2 O 3 /Ti/Ni combine the properties of elastic deformation of ceramics and plastic deformation of metals. The reason why the Al 2 O 3 /Ti/Ni did not fracture completely in the bending experiments is that Ni maintained the toughness, and there is a good interfacial bond among Al 2 O 3 , Ti, and Ni. The indentation crack analysis revealed that cracks have long transverse propagation and short longitudinal propagation in both laminated composites. Finite element analysis revealed that this was due to compressive stress in the Al 2 O 3 layer and tensile stress in the metal layer. This compressive stress consumes the crack energy in the longitudinal direction and stops the crack in the metal layer. The brittle to ductile gradient transition among Al 2 O 3 , Ti, and Ni, combined with the guidance of crack propagation direction by the interfacial layer, enhances the ability of Al 2 O 3 /Ti/Ni to resist damage.
Character education strengthening (CES) mentoring for school-aged communities through out-of-classroom learning

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Character education strengthening (CES) is a key factor in shaping children's personalities. Besides at home, character education should also be implemented in schools and social environments. In an effort to prepare the golden generation of 2045, the government is strengthening the character of the younger generation to have an advantage in the 21st-century global competition. This activity aims to instill character education during the Covid-19 pandemic by increasing the learning spirit, even though learning is done online and from home to avoid crowds. The method of implementing this activity is through participatory community empowerment using the participatory rural appraisal (PRA) model. Some of the achievements of this community service include: 1) outdoor activities or nature contemplation; 2) learning at TPA and Quran recitation to increase devotion to Allah SWT; 3) educational games outside the classroom to enhance nationalism and teamwork; 4) exploring students' potential and recognizing their intelligence through creativity contests; and 5) student learning motivation.
Small object recognition using machine learning techniques

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Self-driving cars developments are becoming the norm in both automotive and IT industry. Recent researches were focusing on ways these autonomous vehicles interact with its environment. Object detection using cameras is one of the important vision aids and they are used for applications such as path planning, object avoidance and localizations. In this study, the particular case of You Only Look Once v2 on the Udacity crowdAI data set was analyzed for its performance on different sizes of object classes. This work improves on the object performance of the original detection model for Car by an average of 12% on the VOC2007 Average Precision for all sizes. Specifically, the Small-Car and Small-Truck improved by 2.8% and 4% on the same metric.
Frequencies of specific antibody-producing cells for sheep red blood cells and for phosphorylcholine in human tonsillar b lymphocytes transformed by Epstein-Barr virus.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The frequencies of transformed B cells and of transformed specific antibody-producing cells in human tonsillar lymphocytes infected with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) were determined by limiting dilution analyses. The latter was corrected by the former and the frequencies of specific antibody-producing cells in EBV-transformed B cell populations were obtained. The frequencies of specific B cells for sheep red blood cells were calculated to be one in 500 to 2,000 EBV-transformed tonsillar B cells obtained from four donors, while those of specific B cells for a hapten, phosphorylcholine, were one in 700 to 5,000. The method may be useful to define the repertoire of specificities in the human B cell populations.
RELEASE OF HISTAMINE FROM MAST CELLS BY ANTIGEN‐ANTIBODY REACTIONS IN VITRO

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

SUMMARY The mechanism of mast cell disruption and release of histamine following antigen‐antibody reactions was investigated by means of an in vitro system using mast cells isolated from the rat. Following the reaction between antigen and fresh immune rat serum , a substance was produced which caused the disruption of added mast cells with the release of histamine. This substance was labile at 37° C., becoming inactive within 10 minutes. Its formation depended on the presence of complement as well as antigen and antibody.
RECONCILING ACTUAL AND INFERRED POPULATION HISTORIES IN THE HOUSE FINCH (CARPODACUS MEXICANUS) BY AFLP ANALYSIS

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The house finch (Carpodacus mexicanus) is a native songbird of western North America that was introduced to the eastern United States and Hawaiian Islands in historic times. As such, it provides an unusually good opportunity to test the ability of molecular markers to recover recent details of a known population history. To investigate this prospect, genetic variation in 172 individuals from 16 populations in the western and eastern United States, southeastern Canada, Hawaiian Islands, and Mexico, as well as genetic variation in the closely related purple finch (Carpodacus purpureus) and Cassin's finch (Carpodacus cassinii) was studied by a semi-automated fluorescence-labeled amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) marker system. A total of 363 markers were generated, of which 258 (71.2%) were polymorphic among species, 166 (61.4%) polymorphic among house finch subspecies, and 157 (60.2%) polymorphic among populations within the frontalis subspecies complex. Heterozygosities and interpopulation divergences revealed by the analysis appeared relatively low at all taxonomic levels, but there are few similar studies in avian populations with which to compare results. Whereas the known population history predicts that both eastern and Hawaiian finches should have been derived from within western populations, tree analysis using both populations and individuals as units suggests weak monophyly of eastern populations and indicates that Hawaiian populations are not clearly derived from California populations. However, the genetic distinctiveness of native and recently founded populations was disclosed by analyses of molecular variance as well as by a model-based assignment approach in which 98%, 94%, and 99% individuals from western, Hawaiian, and eastern regions, respectively, were assigned correctly to their populations without using prior information on population of origin, suggesting that these recent introductions have resulted in detectable differentiation without substantial loss of AFLP diversity. Our results indicate that AFLPs are a useful tool for population genetic and evolutionary studies of birds, particularly as a prelude to finding molecular markers linked to traits subjected to recent adaptive evolution.
Development of A Noninvasive Ultrasound Color M-Mode Means of Estimating Pulmonary Vascular Resistance in Pediatric Pulmonary Hypertension

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background — Accurate determination of pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) is an important component in the evaluation and treatment of pediatric patients with pulmonary hypertension. We developed a novel technique, based on the concept of flow propagation, to estimate PVR noninvasively. The hypothesis is that changes in PVR cause changes in the velocity propagation (Vel prop ) within the main pulmonary artery and that Vel prop can be quantified using color M-mode imaging. Methods and Results — We tested the hypothesis using mathematical modeling, in vitro experiments, and preliminary clinical studies. The mathematical model showed that pressure and velocity tracings are closely correlated in time and that 6 to 18 ms time resolution was needed to resolve propagation times within typical main pulmonary artery lengths (2 to 5 cm). The in vitro experiments demonstrated that it was feasible to use color M-mode to measure Vel prop and that Vel prop correlated well with downstream resistance [y=(−1.01x)+22.77; R =0.96]. The method was then evaluated on patients undergoing acute pulmonary reactivity testing (n=22 measurements). Good correlation between Vel prop and PVR was found [y=(−1.71x)+26.0; R =0.90; SEE=2.41]. Conclusion — This newly developed method promises to be useful in the noninvasive evaluation of adults and children with pulmonary hypertension.
Synthesis of Graphene-Metal Nanocomposite Anode Materials for Lithium Ion Batteries

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Graphene-based nanocomposites have been demonstrated to be promising high-capacity anodes for lithium ion batteries to satisfy the ever growing demands for higher capacity, longer cycle life and better high-rate performance. In this study, graphene–metal based anode materials which have high mechanical, electrochemical, electrical and thermal properties were synthesized. To synthesize graphene-based composite anode materials, primarily bulk graphite was oxidized by using modified Hummers method and then graphite oxide was reduced to nano graphene material through thermal exfoliation method. By virtue of this technique, from bulk graphite good quality graphene in high quantities were obtained. Finally, nano metal particles Tin (Sn) and Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) were added into the graphene nano structure to produce graphene-metal hybrid material. Structural characterization of the obtained samples was characterized by surface electron microscope (SEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Raman Spectroscopy. Also electrochemical performances of the prepared composite samples were analyzed in coin cell