jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Atrial Septal Defect With Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return in an Adult

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A 37-year-old man presented at the emergency depart- ment with recent-onset dyspnea (New York Heart Association functional class IV) and abdominal distention.He had no prior history of exercise intolerance, shortness of breath, cyanosis, or palpitation.In the emergency department, tachycardia and engorged jugular veins were observed, and breath sounds were decreased on the left lower lung field, with no crackles.There was no cardiac murmur.The liver was palpable in the distended abdomen.Chest radiography demonstrated marked cardiomegaly with a snowman appearance of increased pulmonary vascular markings (Figure 1, left).The ECG showed sinus tachycardia with evidence of right ventricular hypertrophy (Figure 1, right).Laboratory tests revealed hypoxia (PaO 2 55.9 mm Hg, Sao 2 89.1%) and elevated levels of N-terminal prohormone of B-type natriuretic peptide (15 125 pg/mL).A computed tomographic angiogram confirmed type I total anomalous pulmonary venous return (supracardiac type; Figure 2, left), with massive thromboembolism of the left pulmonary arteries (Figure 2, right).A transthoracic echocardiogram demonstrated a large atrial septal defect, a dilated and hypertrophied right ventricle compressing the left ventricle with biventricular dysfunction (ejection fraction 34%), loss of drainage of pulmonary venous flow into the left atrium, and large amounts of pericardial effusion (Figure 3 and online-only Data Supplement Movies I through IV).Pulmonary hypertension was suggested from the tricuspid regurgitation flow and inferior vena cava plethora (pulmonary arterial systolic pressure was estimated at 60 mm Hg with the modified Bernoulli equation).The pulmonary veins were traced and
Electrocatalytic sensing of metronidazole by R-type hexagonal nanoferrites modified electrode

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The current study was aimed to synthesize the R-type hexagonal nanoferrites (SrSn2Fe4O11) for electrochemical sensing of metronidazole (MN) in pharmaceutical and human specimen. The SrSn2Fe4O11 were prepared by sol–gel auto ignition method followed by structural and surface characterization by X-Ray diffraction (XRD) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) respectively. The resulting surface characterization data suggested that the synthesized SrSn2Fe4O11 have a single-phase crystalline structure with a crystalline size of 34.451 nm with surface topographical ranging from 0.506 to 3.37 nm. The SrSn2Fe4O11 modified glassy carbon electrode (SrSn2Fe4O11/GCE) was fabricated by a drop-casting method. The fabricated SrSn2Fe4O11/GCE was successfully applied for detecting MN in a phosphate buffer (PB) at pH-6, followed by a linear voltammetric response with the coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.998). The limit of detection and quantification (LOD/LOQ) for sensing MN was found to be 0.011 to 0.036 μM, respectively. A differential pulse voltammetric study of MN on SrSn2Fe4O11/GCE demonstrated a significant selectivity with RSD 2.0%. The proposed electrochemical method was successfully applied for the quantitative detection of MN in pharmaceutical preparations and biological specimen.
Antioxidant Activity, Total Phenolic and Flavonoid Content of Berberis aristata DC. and Berberis thomsoniana C.K. Schneid. from Sagarmatha National Park, Nepal

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Background: Medicinal plants are the major sources of the crude drugs and natural antioxidants. Berberis species have been used in the treatment of various ailments around the world including Nepal. However, systematic study on phytochemistry and pharmacology of Berberis species from Nepal is lacking. Objectives: To evaluate the antioxidant activity, total phenolic and flavonoid contents of Berberis aristata and Berberis thomsoniana from Sagarmatha National Park. Materials and Methods: Antioxidant activity was measured through 2, 2-Diphenyl-1-Picrylhydrazyl assay. Total phenolic and flavonoid content were estimated using Folin–Ciocalteau and aluminum chloride method respectively. Results: Samples showed dose-dependent radical scavenging activity. Radical scavenging activity of the methanolic extracts of different parts of B. aristata and B. thomsoniana ranged from 19.38 to 98.47%, with leaf extracts of B. thomsoniana showing the strongest activity. The total phenolic content of the samples varied from 11.04 to 65.30 mg GAE g-1 dry weight whereas total flavonoid content was in between 2.4 to 16.46 mg quercetin/g dry weight. Conclusion: Among the tested samples, leaf extracts of B. thomsoniana showed the strongest antioxidant activity and contained the highest amount of total phenolic and flavonoid content.
Factors Influencing the Increasing Disparity in LDL Cholesterol Control Between White and Black Patients With Diabetes in a Context of Active Quality Improvement

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

After implementing a multifaceted physician-directed quality improvement (QI) initiative, an increased disparity in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol control between white and black diabetes patients was observed. To examine possible causes, a retrospective analysis of 962 black and white patients treated continuously between 2008 and 2010 was performed. At baseline, 55.0% of whites and 49.8% of blacks were controlled (5.2% disparity). The disparity increased, with 61.8% of whites and 44.6% of blacks having control in 2010 (17.2% disparity). Among patients uncontrolled at baseline, blacks were less likely to become controlled. Among patients controlled at baseline, blacks were less likely to remain controlled; accounting for patient characteristics and changes in lipid-lowering drug prescription regimens did not attenuate these relationships. Physician-facing, general QI interventions may be insufficient to produce equity in LDL cholesterol control. Helping patients maintain prior success controlling cholesterol appears as important in addressing this disparity as is helping uncontrolled patients achieve control.
Electronic market and operating intermediary

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Today electronic market, representing one of important trends of electronic commerce development, is making constant improvement on the diversification of market operating models, functional integration and innovation. As emerging market intermediaries, electronic market operators vary in type, business model, exchange mechanism. On the other hand, they have common in market efficiency, extent of adaptation to environment, and development prospect since they were born to accommodate to local market environment. This article compares two types of intermediary electronic market operators in pharmaceutical circulation business both in China and in America, from which some heuristic conclusions are drawn.
Occurrence Download

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A dataset containing 24097 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query: { "TaxonKey" : [ "is Prunella grandiflora" ] } The dataset includes 24097 records from 335 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0014489-250717081556266/datasets/export for details. Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
Peculiar properties of pea plant selection for a high content of amylose in the starch for mature seeds

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

To produce biodegradable polymers and dietary food, the concept of the selection of pea plant for a high content of amylose in the starch of seeds was developed. The key parameters of the high-amylose varieties and specific indicators for selection were determined. The sources and donors of economically valuable signs were displayed, and the first in Russia variety of a new type—the Amior—was created. For dietetic therapy, the authors developed the recipes for the preparation of the functional grades of bread and macaroni with the addition of an enzyme-resistant starch.
A defined grey zone with in fetal growth curves for predicting adverse neonatal morbidity in fetuses being small for their gestational age at term in uncomplicated pregnancies

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background: “Small for gestational age” (SGA) is a term used to define an important risk factor for both neonatal morbidity and mortality. Our hypothesis suggests that adverse neonatal morbidity (ANM) in fetuses can occur when the birth weight is closer to 10th percentile. For example, although a fetus with a birth weight within the 11th or 12th percentile is appropriate for gestational age (AGA), it is difficult to clearly distinguish these fetuses from SGA fetuses for ANM; therefore we suggest defining a transition zone, or “grey zone”, for ANM. The aim of the present study was to examine ANM frequency in fetuses using this newly defined grey-zone percentile. Methods: This retrospective analysis comprised 7,817 pregnant women with uncomplicated pregnancies and single deliveries between 37 0/7 and 41 6/7 gestational weeks. The babies were divided into groups according to birth weight percentiles as follows: (1) SGA, (2) 10–20 percentile, and 21–90 percentile. The primary outcome was ANM, defined as any of the following: Apgar score <4 at 5 min; respiratory distress; mechanical ventilation; intraventricular hemorrhage, grade III or IV; necrotizing enterocolitis, stage 2 or 3; neonatal sepsis, stillbirth or neonatal death. Results: Demographic and obstetric characteristics of the mothers were similar among the groups. ANM rates were 10.7% in the SGA group, 6.8% in the 10–20 percentile group, and 2.1% in the 21–90 percentile group, a significant difference. ANM was 5-fold higher in the SGA group and 3.2-fold higher in the 10–20 percentile group than in the 21–90 percentile group. Delivery induction or augmentation, cesarean delivery for non-reassuring fetal heart rate or fetal distress, apgar score <4 at 5 min, mechanical ventilation, neonatal sepsis, stillbirth, or neonatal death significantly increased in the 10–20 percentile group compared with those in the 21–90 percentile group. Conclusion: In uncomplicated pregnancies, ANM for SGA fetuses born at term are significantly worse than that for AGA fetuses. Fetuses with a birth weight within the 10–20 percentile (grey zone) had a significant increased risk of ANM than those within the 21–90 percentile.
Peak annotation of IgA-enriched glycans.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

<p>Glycan compositions were annotated based on spiking experiments with human plasma and literature. Compositions are given in terms of Hex: hexose, HexNAc: N-acetylhexosamine, Fuc: fucose, NeuAc: N-acetylneuraminic acid.</p>
The role of hormones

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Many behaviors of insects are stimulated, modified, or modulated by hormones. The principal hormones involved are the same as the ones that control moulting, metamorphosis, and other aspects of development, principally ecdysone and juvenile hormone. In addition, a small handful of neurosecretory hormones are involved in the control of specific behaviors. Because behavior is a plastic trait, this chapter begins by outlining the biology and hormonal control of phenotypic plasticity in insects, and how the hormonal control of behavior fits in with other aspects of the control of phenotypic plasticity. The rest of the chapter is organized around the diversity of behaviors that are known to be controlled by or affected by hormones. These include eclosion and moulting behavior, the synthesis and release of pheromones, migration, parental care, dominance, reproductive behavior, and social behavior.
Intensive care unit utilization during pregnancy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: To characterize obstetric (OB) and nonobstetric (Non-OB) intensive care unit (ICU) admissions in relation to maternal and perinatal outcomes. Study design: We identified 172 (0.6%) women (15 weeks of gestation to 6 weeks postpartum) admitted to an ICU (medical, cardiovascular, neurosurgical, and surgical) within 30,405 deliveries at our institution from 1989 to 1997 (2,774 maternal-fetal transports, 6.3%). Obstetric and Non-OB admission outcomes were compared. Results: Of 172 patients, 116 (67%) were maternal transports (63 maternal-fetal, 53 maternal). Common OB conditions were hypertension (22, 12.6%), hemorrhage (17, 9.7%), and cardiopulmonary dysfunction (28, 16%). Non-OB conditions included pneumonia (26, 14.9%), trauma (16, 9.1%), and cerebrovascular accident (11, 6.2%). Conclusions: Maternal and neonatal outcomes were similar between OB and Non-OB ICU admissions. Maternal mortality was appreciable (13%); however, the perinatal mortality of infants delivered in the ICU was low (11%). Selected outcomesOB (N = 92)Non-OB (N = 83)MaternalICU, days (mean ± SD)6.2 ± 11.013.3 ± 32.7Mechanical ventilation (N, %)55 (60)48 (58)Dialysis (N, %)5 (0.5)4 (0.5)Transfusion (N, %)62 (67)48 (58)Maternal death (N, %)12 (13)11 (13)PerinatalICU antepartum (N, %)13 (14)42 (53)Fetus alive (N)1336Admit GA (mean ± SD)26.7 ± 7.026.2 ± 5.9ICU delivery (N)5/1313/36Fetal mortality (N)11Neonatal mortality (N)00Discharged undelivered (N)823
Higher Order Modes: A Solution for High Gain, Wide Band Patch Antennas for Different Vehicular Applications

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Low-gain and narrow bandwidth problems are associated with patch antennas, and due to their inverse relation with each other, these problems cannot be improved simultaneously. It is well understood that the patch antenna excited at the higher order modes (HOMs) can overcome the problems of low gain and narrow bandwidth, provided that the modes are excited properly. For a given geometry, all the resonant frequencies are related in fixed ratios, providing no flexibility for the designer. Furthermore, high side lobe levels and undesirable radiation patterns are associated with the higher order modes. The excitation of higher order modes in given dimensions of the patch is achieved by surface modification and loading of slots on the patch. Two antennas based on a novel design procedure are discussed in the Ku and Ka bands to validate the proposed facts. The antenna in the Ka band has a peak gain of 8.5 dBi with 15.14% of bandwidth, while the one in the Ku band has a peak gain of 11.84 dBi with 17.6% of bandwidth. The design procedure is particularly important in designing antennas for applications like mobile satellite communication, wideband and multimedia applications, collision avoidance systems in vehicles, etc.
Role of Magnetic Resonance Elastography in Assessment of Hepatic Focal Lesions

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Hepatic focal lesions have been a common reason for consultation faced by gastroenterologists and hepatologists. It is important to consider not only malignant liver lesions, but also benign solid and cystic liver lesions. Objective to evaluate and confirm the role of magnetic resonant elastography in assessment of the hepatic focal lesions and differentiate benign from malignant hepatic focal lesions. Patients and Methods This is a cross sectional study included 30 patients with variety of focal lesions identified either by dynamic MRI or by histopathology. Results Our study showed that a cut off value of 4 Kpa had a 90% sensitivity, 85.7% specificity, 95% positive predictive value, 75% negative predictive value and accuracy 90 %. Conclusion MRE showed a great potential as a promising non invasive technique for quantitative evaluation of hepatic masses that could introduce more data useful in characterization of the focal lesions.
New records for crown wasps in Europe (Hymenoptera, Stephanidae)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

New occurrence records for two species of Hymenoptera Stephanidae are provided from several states of Europe. Stephanus serrator (Fabricius, 1798) is recorded for the first time for Portugal and with precise locality for Switzerland. Moreover, it is recorded for the first time in the following regions: Navarre (Spain), Wallonia (Belgium), Hesse, Berlin and Bavaria (Germany), Aosta Valley, Lombardy, Veneto, Abruzzo, Campania and Calabria (Italy), and Attica (Greece). Megischus anomalipes (Foerster, 1855) is recorded for the first time in mainland Portugal and Campania (Italy).
Alternative Approaches to Evaluation in Empirical Microeconomics

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper reviews some of the most popular policy evaluation methods in empirical microeconomics: social experiments, natural experiments, matching, instrumental variables, discontinuity design, and control functions. It discusses identification of traditionally used average parameters and more complex distributional parameters. The adequacy, assumptions, and data requirements of each approach are discussed, drawing on empirical evidence from the education and employment policy evaluation literature. A workhorse simulation model of education and earnings is used throughout the paper to discuss and illustrate each approach. The full set of STATA data sets and dofiles are available free online and can be used to reproduce all estimation results.
A Study on Securing Ship Survivability focused on a Cost and Effectiveness Analysis for Air Defense Performance

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

수상 전투함의 개발과정에서 성능, 비용, 기간 등의 초과와 같은 위험요소를 방지하기 위해서는 요구성능을 조기에 설정하는 과정이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 요구성능 설정의 기준자료로 활용할 수 있는 성능척도와 비용효과척도를 제안하였으며, 성능척도는 대함유도탄 방어 효과를 나타내었고, 비용효과척도는 비용과 성능의 비율로 구성하였다. 성능척도와 비용효과척도를 적용한 분석결과를 구하기 위해 RF기만기, RF재머, 근접방어무기체계, 요격용유도탄을 선택 탑재하는 16가지의 교전 시나리오를 작성하였다. 해군에서 운용하고 있는 NORAM 프로그램을 활용하여 교전을 모의분석한 결과, 함정의 생존확률은 0.605~0.975, 비용효과척도는 0.301~0.887로 분석되었으며, RF기만기, RF재머, 단거리요격용유도탄 등 3종류의 방어무기를 동시에 운용하는 경우가 가장 우수한 비용효과를 나타내고 있음을 알 수 있었다. It is crucial to set up early the required performance of surface ship for preventing the risk factors such as an excess of performance, cost and period in development stage. In this study, MOP and MOE are proposed to establish the method for deriving alternatives, MOP represents the defensive effect for anti ship missiles and MOE is the ratio of cost and performance. The 16 engagement scenarios which selectively install RF decoy, RF jammer, CIWS and anti air missile are suggested. The simulation results by using NORAM tool operated by ROK Navy show that the ship survivability is 0.605~0.975 and MOP is 0.301~0.887. The analyzed results represent the operating scenario with RF decoy, RF jammer and short range anti air missile is the best cost and effectiveness measure.
Assessing The Relationship Between The Quality Of Juvenile Dependency Hearings And Foster Care Placements

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The current study examines the relationship between three hearing quality indicators—depth of discussion, judicial inquiry, and judicial engagement of parents—and placement outcomes for maltreated children and youth at early case hearings (i.e., preliminary protective and adjudication hearings). We find that higher levels of judicial engagement of parents during preliminary protective hearings was significantly related to increased placements with relatives and decreased placements in nonrelative foster care. Levels of judicial inquiry and hearing discussion had no apparent effect on where children were placed during preliminary protective hearings. The implications of these findings and suggestions for future research are discussed. Key Point for the Family Court Community This study deepens current understanding of the ways in which three juvenile dependency hearing quality indicators relate to foster care placement outcomes.
Effect of Endoscopic Sinus Surgery on Aspirin-induced Asthma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

There have been little evaluation of the effectiveness of endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) in AIA patients with chronic sinusitis. Using objective and subjective criteria, we assessed the effect of ESS on nasal and asthmatic symptoms in 12 AIA patients and in 8 non-AIA patients.Objective evaluation for chronic sinusitis was assessed by CT finding and the number of eosinophils. The evaluation by Kennedy staging showed that postoperative CT findings did not differ from preoperative ones. The numbers of eosinophils in the postoperative nasal cavity did not differ from those in nasal polyps obtained during surgery. The airway of individual nasal cavities was, however, kept open. Subjective nasal symptoms were significantly improved after ESS.Objective evaluation for asthma was assessed by pulmonary function tests and the amount of antiasthma medication. Pulmonary function tests showed no improvement after ESS, and medication scores for asthma did not change. Although objective improvement was not obtained, subjective asthmatic symptoms improved significantly.Subjective evaluation showed that ESS was effective in both nasal and asthmatic conditions. Our results suggest that the quality of life in AIA patients will be improved by ESS.
Coverage Analysis for UAV-Assisted Cellular Networks in Rural Areas

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

<div>Despite coverage enhancement in rural areas is one of the main requirements in next generations of wireless networks (i.e., 5G and 6G), the low expected profit prevents telecommunication providers from investing in such sparsely populated areas.</div><div>Hence, cost efficient alternatives are required for extending the cellular infrastructure to these regions.</div><div>A concrete mathematical model that characterizes and clearly captures the aforementioned problem might be a key-enabler for studying the efficiency of any potential solution. </div><div>Unfortunately, the commonly used mathematical tools that model large scale wireless networks are not designed to capture the unfairness, in terms of cellular coverage, suffered by exurban and rural areas. </div><div>In big cities, in fact, cellular deployment is essentially capacity driven and thus cellular base station densities are maximum in the town centers and decline when getting far from them.</div><div>In this paper, a new stochastic geometry-based model is implemented in order to show the coverage spatial variation among urban, suburban, and exurban settlements. </div><div>Indeed, by implementing inhomogeneous Poisson point processes (PPPs) it is possible to study the performance metrics in a realistic scenario where terrestrial base stations (TBSs) are clustered around the urban center while outer aerial base stations (ABSs) are uniformly distributed outside an urban exclusion zone. </div><div>Based on this, our simulation results can quantify the improvement, in terms of coverage probability, that even a surprisingly low density of ABSs can bring to peripheral regions depending on the extension of the exclusion zone, enabling us to draw insightful considerations.</div>