jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Kant’s Critique of Taste: The Feeling of Life

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The perennial challenge for any Kant scholar is to offer close reading of a dense and often exceedingly abstract text that is faithful both to its driving philosophical insights and to something recognizable as human life. Perhaps it is with this in mind that Katalin Makkai breaks ground on her interpretation of Kant’s theory of taste with a nod to Zadie Smith’s (2019) reflections about how she came, one day, to love the music of Joni Mitchell after years of sheer bafflement that anyone could find it worth listening to. Her conversion was not brought about through any effort to understand the work—for example by learning what an open-tuned guitar is, or by repeated listening—it was simply ‘a sudden, unexpected attunement’ (Makkai, 2021, p. 1, quoting Smith, 2019). Suddenness is not essential to attunement, but a possible sign of the openness that is. Makkai describes this attunement as a readiness to be drawn ‘into improvisatory engagement with’ a work of art (p. 3). It is an exchange requiring an active, playful receptivity. Attraction is necessary, too: ‘I want to stay with it … to follow it out, to explore its character’ (p. 3). But this communion is not won through understanding. Even a sophisticated version of this thought, one that recognizes the singularity of the meaning of a work of art, gets things backwards. Any genuine understanding can only flow from a more basic recognition of it as meriting a distinctive kind of attention and engagement (p. 7–8). That recognition, for Makkai, is aesthetic attunement.
COX5A over-expression protects cortical neurons from hypoxic ischemic injury in neonatal rats associated with TPI up-regulation

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract

Background: Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a destructive condition that constitutes a main cause of death in newborns. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms in brain damage are still not fully elucidated. Results: Here, we established hypoxic-ischemic (HI) injury and primary cortical neurons subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) to mimic HIE model in-vivo and in - vitro . Zea-longa scores, Triphenyte-trazoliumchloride (TTC) staining the Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferased Utp Nick End Labeling (tunel) and immunofluorescent staining were used to detect the neurological injuries after HI. Then the expression of Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5a (COX5A) was determined by immunohistochemistry, western blotting (WB) and quantitative real time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR) techniques. Moreover, HSV-mediated COX5A over-expression virus was administrated in - vitro to explore the role of COX5A in OGD neurons. Subsequently, the underlying mechanism was predicted by GeneMANIA and confirmed by WB and qRT-PCR. The results showed that HI induced a severe behavioral dysfunction, brain infarction, and cell apoptosis as well as obvious neuron loss in neonatal rats, in corresponding to the decrease on the expression of COX5A in both sides of the brain . What’s more, COX5A over-expression significantly promoted the neuron survival, reduced the apoptosis rate, and markedly increased the neurites length after OGD. Moreover, Triosephosephate isomerase (TPI) was predicted as physical interactions with COX5A, and COX5A over-expression largely increased the expressional level of TPI. Conclusions: Together, these data suggest that COX5A plays an important role in promoting neurological recovery after HI, and this process is related to TPI up-regulation.
Making the Case for Critical Realism

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

This chapter seeks to address the dearth of practical examples of research in the area by proposing that critical realism be adopted as the underlying research philosophy for enterprise systems evaluation. We address some of the implications of adopting such an approach by discussing the evaluation and implementation of a number of automated performance measurement systems (APMS). Such systems are a recent evolution within the context of enterprise information systems. They collect operational data from integrated systems to generate values for key performance indicators, which are delivered directly to senior management. The creation and delivery of these data are fully automated, precluding manual intervention by middle or line management. Whilst these systems appear to be a logical progression in the exploitation of the available rich, real-time data, the statistics for APMS projects are disappointing. An understanding of the reasons is elusive and little researched. We describe how critical realism can provide a useful “underlabourer” for such research, by “clearing the ground a little ... removing some of the rubbish that lies in the way of knowledge” (Locke, 1894, p. 14). The implications of such an underlabouring role are investigated. Whilst the research is still underway, the article indicates how a critical realist foundation is assisting the research process.
Mahatma Gandhi and His Idea of Basic Education: An Historical Appraisal

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In spite of his other preoccupations-political, social, economic, and religious; Mahatma Gandhi’s interest in education had always been profound and abiding. Gandhiji’s philosophy of education was not the upshot of any study of modern or ancient educational movements in India or elsewhere. This educational theory is ‘original’, ‘new’ and ‘epoch making. It evolved out of his wide and long experiences of the political, social and economic life of his country. Therefore it was apposite for his motherland. Gandhi realized that at an early age education was therapy for all the ills and evils with which contemporary India had been afflicted. This paper aims to understand and review Gandhian principle of basic education though the writing of Gandhi himself. His several books on education help this essay to review and assess the significance of his ideas of basic education from a historical perspective, which not only changed the educational system of India, but ushered in a social revolution. Keywords: Mahatma Gandhi, Basic Education, Nail Talim, Handicrafts, Social Change.
Finite Element Analysis of Diamond Wire Saw Slicing SiCp-Al Composites

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In order to study the physical nature and basic rule of diamond wire saw slicing SiCp-Al composites, the slicing mechanism was studied in theory first. There are different ways of slicing Al and SiC particles respectively: Al is sliced in plastic way and SiC particles are sliced in brittle ways such as being cut off or pulled out or pressed into matrix or burst. Then based on the finite element software Abaqus, the process of diamond wire saw slicing SiCp-Al composites was simulated. The distribution of internal stress and surface topography was discussed: The internal stress in SiC particles is far high than that in Al. The surface topography of sliced SiCp-Al composites is determined by SiC particles states mainly. The research results provide reference and guidance to the optimization of actual process of diamond wire saw slicing SiCp-Al composites.
Assessment of Blasting Impact in Tunnel Excavation on Nearby Oil Pipeline

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Blasting is often needed in tunnel excavation,and it will affect the adjacent structures.The data of peak vertical wave velocities from the blasting vibration observation of a highway tunnel in construction are analyzed using Sadaovsky empirical formula.Based on the blasting vibration safety assessment standard adopted in China,the safety of the adjacent oil pipeline is evaluated,and the proper suggestions for reducing vibrations are presented.
Changing protein profiles in developing and germinating barley seeds

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Though useful information on barley proteins exists from earlier studies, present attempt represents a concerted study with added information on changing protein levels during seed development and seed germination. Albumins represen ted the major proteins at 4 daf and were overtaken by glutelins on further development. Glob ulins increased gradually to decline after 30 daf while prolamins which were low initially became second highest from 25 daf onward. New polypeptides were observed in globulin fraction eve n at 40 daf, no changes occurred in prolamin and glutelin fractions after 20 daf. The intensity of globulin polypeptides decreased after 30 daf and that of glutelin and prolamin polypeptides incr eased even till 45 daf. During germination, globulins degraded by 5 th day but their degradation products stayed even on 10 th day. Polypeptides in glutelin and prolamin fractions and their degradation products were not seen after 5 th day thus suggesting a relatively more fulfilling s torage role for these fractions. Degradation of Mr 62 kDa albumin polypeptide by 4 th day pointed towards its storage function. Similar trends followed by prolamins and glutelins during accumulation and degradation vis-avis by globulins warrant further work on their mole cular mechanisms and on relevance of such varying trends in barley seed biology.
Primary Malignant Melanoma in the Pineal Region

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A 59-year-old male patient had 5-month history of gait disturbance and memory impairment. His initial brain computed tomography scan showed 3.5×2.8 cm sized mass with high density in the pineal region. The tumor was hypointense on T2 weighted magnetic resonance images and hyperintense on T1 weighted magnetic resonance images with heterogenous enhancement of central portion. The tumor was totally removed via the occipital transtentorial approach. Black mass was observed in the operation field, and after surgery, histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of malignant melanoma. Whole spine magnetic resonance images and whole body 18-fluoro-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography could not demonstrate the primary site of this melanoma. Scrupulous physical examination of his skin and mucosa was done and dark pigmented lesion on his left leg was found, but additional studies including magnetic resonance images and skin biopsy showed negative finding. As a result, final diagnosis of primary pineal malignant melanoma was made. He underwent treatment with the whole brain radiotherapy and extended local boost irradiation without chemotherapy. His preoperative symptoms were disappeared, and no other specific neurological deficits were founded. His follow-up image studies showed no recurrence or distant metastasis until 26 weeks after surgery. Primary pineal malignant melanomas are extremely rare intracranial tumors, and only 17 cases have been reported since 1899. The most recent case report showed favorable outcome by subtotal tumor resection followed by whole brain and extended local irradiation without chemotherapy. Our case is another result to prove that total tumor resection with radiotherapy can be the current optimal treatment for primary malignant melanoma in the pineal region.
Characterization of Chinese hamster apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease (chAPE1)

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abasic sites in DNA are lesions that arise from the hydrolysis of the N-glycosyl bond linking a nitrogenous base to the ribose-phosphate backbone. This base loss occurs spontaneously through DNA damaging agents such as reactive oxygen species, ionizing radiation, and chemotherapeutic agents. Abasic sites can also result from the catalytic activity of a group of DNA glycosylases. It has been estimated that ∼10,000 purines and 200 pyrimidines are lost, spontaneously, in a mammalian cell genome per cell cycle. Thus, abasic sites are potential premutagenic lesions, which can lead to mutations or cell death. Base excision repair pathways have evolved to correct abasic sites and other forms of DNA damage in the cell. Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease is a key enzyme in the base excision repair pathways. AP endonuclease makes a single nick 5′ to the abasic site, leaving a free 3 ′-hydroxyl terminus. This catalytic activity is divalent metal ion dependent. The Chinese hamster apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease (chAPE1) gene has been cloned and characterized, however, the protein has not been characterized. To characterize this enzyme and develop a more thorough understanding of the catalytic mechanism of APE1, we over-expressed the cDNA of chAPE1 in sf9 cell line using a baculovirus system. The resulting purified protein was used to characterize the enzymatic activity. Enzymatic kinetic analysis revealed that the kinetic parameters, are similar to those of the human APE1. However, the optimal pH value for its endonuclease activity was established to be 9.5, with suggested significant substrate/product inhibition at pH 7.5, at which human APE1 is believed to have maximum activity. Phosphorylation and dephosphorylation experiments on the recombinant chAPE1 were carried out and the effects of those modifications on the catalytic activity of chAPE1 were also assessed. Casein kinase II inhibits the AP endonuclease activity of chAPE1, while lambda phosphatase appears to be an effective activator of the catalytic activity of this enzyme. Thus, the data of these in vitro experiments suggest that phosphorylation might be an important regulator of the enzymatic activity of chAPE1 in vivo. Evidence for a two-metal ion mechanism for endonuclease catalytic activity was provided by examining the rate of the nicking of abasic DNA as a function of La3+ concentration in the presence of a constant concentration of Mg2+ (at pH 7.5). The effects of various monovalent and divalent cations on the catalytic activity of chAPE1 were also examined. These data indicated that La3+ is an inhibitor of the catalytic activity of chAPE1. The structural modeling of chAPE1 was built, on the basis of our kinetic data and the known crystal structure of human APE, to position the two metal ions in the active site of chAPE1 as well as to interpret the role of the two metal ions in the catalysis.
A Periodic-Review Modeling Approach for Guaranteed Service Supply Chains

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

We extend the guaranteed service, supply chain modeling framework to allow for an arbitrary, integer review period or ordering frequency at each stage. We define a notation for the cyclic inventory dynamics that review periods introduce and generalize inventory-balance equations to accommodate three different periodic-review operating policies—constant base stock, constant safety stock, and adaptive base stock. As a form of validation, we apply the model to the Celanese acetic acid supply chain and show that inventory metrics of the new model differ by more than 30 percent from those derived through the simpler modeling approach of aggregating a review period into lead time.
First-principles study of structural stability, elastic, vibrational, and electronic properties of TaRu alloys

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The structural stability, electronic structure, elastic constants and vibrational properties of TaRu β (cubic), β' (tetragonal) and β'' (orthorhombic) phases have been studied using density functional theory. It is found that the β-to-β' phase transformation is closely related to the elastic properties. The β' phase exhibits an unstable phonon at the R point (0 1/2 1/2), which induces the transition from the high-symmetry β' phase to the low-symmetry β'' phase. The β'' phase is obtained for the first time from first-principles calculations and the lattice parameters agree very well with the experimental data. The total density of states at the Fermi level and the phonon dispersion relations indicate that the β and β' phase are unstable, whereas the β'' phase is the most stable structure.
Does the Efficient Market Hypothesis Fit Military Enterprises in China?

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper investigates whether the efficient market hypothesis (EMH) fits the Chinese military market using the Sequential Panel Selection Method (SPSM) and the Panel KSS unit root test with a Fourier function. We obtain evidence for structural shifts and non-linearity in the stock prices of the military industry in the Chinese stock market. Because sharp shifts and structural breaks are taken into account, the unit root hypothesis for most listed companies is rejected. Our result suggests that the Chinese military market is inefficient because of such factors as defense reforms, friction in the stock market, and irrational investors. We provide investment implications to enable future stock price movements to be predicted based on past behavior and enable trading strategies to be developed to earn abnormal returns. Meanwhile, Chinese defense enterprises should continue to implement industrial reforms, change their bureaucratic culture, and develop a market-oriented workforce.
Lactic Acid Bacteria as Functional Starter in Food Fermentations

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

About 9000 years ago, without being aware of it, our ancestors consumed food products that were produced by natural microbial fermentation, such as honey, fruits, and even beverages made from cereals. Since then, mankind has been able to experience the preservative, organoleptic, analgesic and mentally stimulating qualities of fermented foods and beverages (Steinkraus 2002).
CD4+CD25-FoxP3+T cells: a distinct subset or a heterogeneous population?

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

In addition to generating effective immunity against infectious agents, the immune system helps to fight against different noninfectious human diseases while maintaining the balance between self and non-self discrimination. The breakdown of tolerance in autoimmune diseases or sustainable tolerance in an abnormal microenvironment such as chronic inflammation may initiate the process of malignancy. Immune system regulation is controlled by a complex, dynamic network of cells and mediators. Understanding the cellular and molecular basis of immune regulation provides better insight into the mechanisms governing the immune pathology of diseases. Among several cellular subsets and mediators with regulatory roles, a subpopulation of CD4+ T cells was recently reported to be positive for FoxP3 and negative for CD25, with a suggested range of functional activities in both cancer and autoimmune diseases. This CD4 subset was first reported in 2006 and thought to have a role in the pathogenesis of cancer. However, the spectrum of roles played by this T cell subset is broad, and no consensus has been reached regarding its immunological functions. In this review, we focused on the possible origin of CD4+CD25‒FoxP3+ T cells and their function in cancer and autoimmune diseases.
A new genus of terraranas (Anura: Brachycephaloidea) from northern South America, with a systematic review ofTachiramantis

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Sandy Arroyo1* , Mariane Targino23 , Luis Alberto Rueda-Solano4 , Juan M. Daza5 & Taran Grant2 1 Laboratorio de Anfibios, Grupo Cladística Profunda y Biogeografía Histórica, Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia2 Laboratório de Anfíbios, Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil3 Departamento de Vertebrados, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil4 Grupo de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Ecología Aplicada (GIBEA), Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad del Magdalena, Santa Marta, Colombia5 Grupo Herpetológico de Antioquia, Instituto de Biología, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
Success rate of IR midazolam sedation in combination with C-CLAD in pediatric dental patients—a prospective observational study

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Objective. To evaluate the success rate of intra-rectal (IR) midazolam in combination with nitrous oxide/oxygen (N2O) sedation in young uncooperative dental patients when the local anesthesia is delivered by a computerized controlled local anesthetic delivery (C-CLAD). Study Design. This observational study consisted of 219 uncooperative children (age: 4.3 ± 1.69 y) who received IR midazolam (0.4 mg/kg) and N2O to complete their dental treatment. Measured variables included: child's pain disruptive behavior during delivery of anesthesia by C-CLAD (CHEOP Scale), child behavior during treatment (Houpt scale), dental procedure performed, and side effects that appeared during treatment. Results. There was a high level of cooperation (mean score: 6.69 ± 2.1) during administration of local anesthesia. Good-to-excellent behavior was shown by 87% of the children during treatment. Planned treatment was completed by 184 (92%) patients. No statistically significant changes were noticed in the oxygen saturation levels before and after treatment. Children with side effects included 3 (1.3%) with nistagmus, 5 (2.3%) with diplopia, and 18 (8.2%) with hiccups. Three consecutive sedations decreased the overall behavior score by 5.7% compared to the first appointment (p < .05). Conclusions. IR midazolam-N2O sedation in combination with C-CLAD is very effective for delivery of dental treatment to young uncooperative children.
Pathological and Virological Studies on an Outbreak of Lumpy Skin Disease among Cattle in Kalubia Governorate-Egypt

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

This work was proposed to study pathologic characteristics of lumpy skin disease (LSD) among naturally infected cattle and to demonstrate LSDV antigen within different tissues including the skin nodules, regional lymph nodes, lung and liver using PCR and immunohistochemistry. Among the infected cattle, one dairy cattle and 5 calves were dead (mortality rate is 6.97%). The major gross alterations in all investigated cases included numerous 1-5 cm well circumscribed, round cutaneous nodules covered the whole body in most cases with severe enlargement of superficial lymph nodes. The main microscopical changes were severe ballooning degeneration of the epidermis, dermatitis, with severe vasculitis affecting the dermal blood vessels. Multiple intracytoplasmic eosinophilic inclusions were present in degenerated epidermal cells. Several pathological changes were also detected in the liver, lung, kidney, intestine and lymph nodes. Strong positive PCR signals were appeared in skin nodules, lung and lymph node. Additionally, positive immunoperixodiase reaction was demonstrated in the skin, lung, kidney and lymph nodes. Furthermore, LSDV was isolated on chorio-allantoic membrane (CAM) of spf embryonated chicken eggs from skin nodules and regional lymph nodes collected from dead animals. Virion particles were observed on CAM by electron microscope. Finally, it could be concluded that skin lesions is a constant lesion in both young and adult animals together with systemic infection in severely infected animals.