jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Abstract P007: Ongoing Resuscitation Research is Associated with Higher Odds of Receiving Bystander CPR

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: The act of conducting a research study could potentially improve quality of care by focusing providers on the study condition or detract from care by distracting providers with complex protocols. We hypothesized that odds of receiving bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) would be higher during a trial of dispatcher-assisted CPR instructions than during periods immediately before and after. Methods: The investigation was a cohort study of 8,626 adult subjects who suffered non-traumatic out-of-hospital cardiac arrest prior to emergency medical services (EMS) arrival in greater King County, Washington, between January 1, 1999, and December 31, 2011. Bystander CPR status was assessed through review of audio dispatch tapes and EMS reports to classify any bystander CPR (any B-CPR). Any B-CPR was further categorized as bystander CPR with dispatcher assistance (DA-CPR) or bystander CPR without dispatcher assistance (B-CPR, no DA). We used multivariable logistic regression to evaluate the odds of any B-CPR before, during, and after the Dispatcher Assisted Resuscitation Trial (DART), a randomized trial of dispatcher-assisted CPR instruction comparing chest compressions alone with compressions plus rescue breaths, which ran from June 1, 2004, to September 30, 2009. We also evaluated whether the odds varied by type-specific B-CPR. Results: Patient and arrest circumstances were similar across the study periods. Compared to the period before DART, odds of receiving any B-CPR were higher during DART (OR=1.35, 95% CI = 1.23-1.49), but no different after OR=1.11, 0.98-1.25). Similarly, compared to the before period, the odds of DA-CPR were higher during DART (OR=1.79, 1.59-2.02) but no different after (OR=0.94, 0.80-1.10) (Table 1). Discussion: Odds of bystander CPR were higher during the study compared to periods before and after. The increase seems to be largely related to higher likelihood of DA-CPR, suggesting a possible community-wide benefit from this research protocol.
Corrections for Na-loss on micro-analysis of glasses by electron probe X-ray micro analyzer

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The time-dependent loss of NaKα X-ray intensity during the electron-probe micro analyzer (EPMA) analysis has become a serious problem in determining the chemical compositions of glass samples. An empirical method of correcting the Na-loss have been developed on the basis of observing decay curves of X-ray’s intensity and estimating the true Na intensities at 0s by EPMA.However, the Na X-ray raw counts cannot be obtained from the monitor mode of our EPMA. In this study, we measured the time dependent decay profile by a line scan mode as a digital data without moving analytical spot for 20s with focused beam (5 μm analysis). Our method makes possible to evaluate the heterogeneity of Na concentration within a few μm scales and is suitable for the measurement such as vesicle-bearing and/or microlite rich samples. The corrected values by the present method are in good agreement with the chemical compositions determined by the defocused beam mode (30 μm analysis), which is not affected by Na-loss. Similar approaches to this method would be useful for the analysis of glass inclusion with narrow area.
Prospective pragmatic quasi-experimental study to assess the impact and effectiveness of an innovative large-scale public health intervention to foster healthy ageing in place: the SoBeezy program protocol

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Introduction With the accelerating pace of ageing, healthy ageing has become a major challenge for all societies worldwide. Based on that Healthy Ageing concept proposed by the WHO, the SoBeezy intervention has been designed through an older person-centred and integrated approach. The programme creates the environments that maximise functional ability to enable people to be and do what they value and to stay at home in best possible conditions. Methods and analysis Five levers are targeted: tackling loneliness, restoring feeling of usefulness, finding solutions to face material daily life difficulties, promoting social participation and combating digital divide. Concretely, the SoBeezy programme relies on: (1) a digital intelligent platform available on smartphone, tablet and computer, but also on a voice assistant specifically developed for people with digital divide; (2) a large solidarity network which potentially relies on everyone’s engagement through a participatory intergenerational approach, where the older persons themselves are not only service receivers but also potential contributors; (3) an engagement of local partners and stakeholders (citizens, associations, artisans and professionals). Organised as a hub, the system connects all the resources of a territory and provides to the older person the best solution to meet his demand. Through a mixed, qualitative and quantitative (before/after analyses and compared to controls) approach, the research programme will assess the impact and effectiveness on healthy ageing, the technical usage, the mechanisms of the intervention and conditions of transferability and scalability. Ethics and dissemination Inserm Ethics Committee and the Comité Éthique et Scientifique pour les Recherches, les Études et les Évaluations dans le domaine de la Santé approved this research and collected data will be deposited with a suitable data archive.
Tunnelled haemodialysis catheter and haemodialysis outcomes: a retrospective cohort study in Zagreb, Croatia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives Studies have reported that the tunnelled dialysis catheter (TDC) is associated with inferior haemodialysis (HD) patient survival, in comparison with arteriovenous fistula (AVF). Since many cofactors may also affect survival of HD patients, it is unclear whether the greater risk for survival arises from TDC per se , or from associated conditions. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine, in a multivariate analysis, the long-term outcome of HD patients, with respect to vascular access (VA). Design Retrospective cohort study. Participants This retrospective cohort study included all 156 patients with a TDC admitted at University Hospital Merkur, from 2010 to 2012. The control group consisted of 97 patients dialysed via AVF. The groups were matched according to dialysis unit and time of VA placement. The site of choice for the placement of the TDC was the right jugular vein. Kaplan-Meier analysis with log-rank test was used to assess patient survival. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was used to determine independent variables associated with patient survival. Primary outcome measures Patient survival with respect to VA. Results The cumulative 1-year survival of patients who were dialysed exclusively via TDC was 86.4% and of those who were dialysed exclusively via AVF, survival was 97.1% (p=0.002). In multivariate Cox regression analysis, male sex and older age were independently negatively associated with the survival of HD patients, while shorter HD vintage before the creation of the observed VA, hypertensive renal disease and glomerulonephritis were positively associated with survival. TDC was an independent risk factor for survival of HD patients (HR 23.0, 95% CI 6.2 to 85.3). Conclusion TDC may be an independent negative risk factor for HD patient survival.
Applying the wider view of IPM/IPPM through farmer field schools: cotton field trials results and experiences from Zimbabwe

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Limited education and complexity of IPM/IPPM have resulted in low rates of IPM/IPPM adoption by smallholder farmers. The complex nature of IPM/IPPM requires some understanding of the basic concepts of biology and ecology. An outline of the narrow and wider views of IPM/IPPM is given. Applying the wider view of IPM/IPPM through the farmer field schools (FFS) resulted in an enhanced engagement of farmers in the research process that ensured the farmers would adopt the products of such research. This is supported by the comparative cotton field trial results in which the IPM/IPPM practices were compared with the farmer practices (FP). The results based on inputs used, yields obtained and profits realised from 34 pilot IPM/IPPM FFS showed that The number of pesticide sprays applied on IPM/IPPM plots was far much less than those applied on the farmer practice (FP) plots. IPM/IPPM plots averaged less than 3.7 sprays over the season compared to 6.0 sprays for FP plots. Plots under IPM/IPPM systems, despite receiving less pesticide sprays, achieved more or less the same yields as those plots under the FP system. Although the mean yield was lower for the IPM/IPPM plots than the FP plots, the variation was much higher in the IPM/IPPM plots and this may have masked the true differences between the two regimes. The reduction mainly in pesticide inputs from the IPM/IPPM plots translated into higher profits. This comparison however, often broke down as farmers began to follow IPM/IPPM methods during the course of the training but even so it was clear that IPM/IPPM methods used less inputs but gave greater profits.
Neural processes underlying perception of the English /r/–/l/ contrast by native Japanese speakers before and after identification training: An fMRI study

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Neural processes underlying perception of difficult and easy English phonetic contrasts by native Japanese speakers are investigated using fMRI. Although difficult (/r/–/l/, /b/–/v/) and easy (/b/–/g/) contrasts likely involve similar neural processes, it is predicted that differences exist in specific brain regions (e.g., auditory association areas) as well as in functional connectivity underlying global brain processes involved with speech. We conducted feedback-based identification training of the /r/–/l/ contrast which has been shown to improve perceptual ability by Japanese [Lively et al., J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 96, 2076–2087 (1994)]. Improvements in perceptual ability are predicted to be marked by changes in the neural processes mentioned above. The /b/–/v/ contrast served as a control for which no perceptual training was given. Three experimental sessions were conducted: one for each of the contrasts. The stimuli consisted of 20 word pairs. Subjects were presented, via headphones, one stimulus every 7 s, during a 2-s silent interval between scans. A block design was employed in which five words were presented followed by five control stimuli (signal-correlated noise). The subjects’ task was to press a button to identify the phoneme perceived. Both fMRI and behavioral results are discussed in relation to the aforementioned predictions.
The Influence of Investment Decisions, Funding Decisions, and Dividend Policies on Corporate Values in Manufacturing Companies in the Consumer Goods Industry Sector Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2012-2016

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of investment decisions, funding decisions, and dividend policies on firm value. The population in this study is a consumer goods manufacturing sector manufacturing company listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2012-2016. Data collection techniques in this study are panel data techniques, namely time series and cross section . The results showed that investment decisions have a positive and insignificant effect on firm value, funding decisions have a significant positive effect on firm value, and dividend policy has a negative and not significant effect on firm value. Keywords: Company Value, Investment Decision, Funding Decision and Dividend Policy.
Mesh or not in the repair of complicated umbilical hernia in cirrhotic patients with decompensated liver cell failure

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background Umbilical hernia had been found to occur in 20% of cirrhotic patients with decompensated liver cell failure who had ascites; in such patients, umbilical hernia had a marked liability for complications such as irreducibility, obstruction, and strangulation. Management of complicated hernias especially irreducible hernias in such patients could be done by excision of the hernial sac, closure of the defect and then fixation of the prolene mesh (hernioplasty), or by reduction and repair in two layers of continuous sutures using polypropylene sutures without mesh (herniorrhaphy). Aim The aim of our study was to compare hernioplasty with the use of prolene mesh and the conventional anatomical repair (herniorrhaphy) in complicated umbilical hernia in patients with decompensated liver cell failure. Patients and methods In our descriptive study, we included 101 cases who were followed up for a period of 24 months, and we divided them into two groups: group A contained cases who had complicated umbilical hernia and were managed by hernioplasty with the use of prolene mesh, and group B contained cases that had complicated umbilical hernia and were managed by reduction and repair in two layers of continuous sutures using polypropylene sutures without using a mesh (herniorrhaphy). Results We found a statistically significant difference between both groups regarding recurrence of the umbilical hernia and duration of hospital stay (days) (P=0.004). Conclusion Complicated umbilical hernia in cirrhotic patients with decompensated liver cell failure who were managed by hernioplasty with the use of prolene mesh showed lower incidence of recurrence than the conventional anatomical repair (herniorrhaphy).
The anti-proliferative effect of vitamin D3 analogues is not mediated by inhibition of the AP-1 pathway, but may be related to promoter selectivity.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The hormone 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (VD) is able to induce cellular differentiation and to inhibit cellular proliferation, which provides it with an interesting therapeutic potential in cancer. However, side effects of VD on homeostasis (eg hypercalcemia) had made the need for the development of VD analogues with low calcemic effect. On the human breast cancer cell line MCF-7 we obtained with the VD analogue EB1089 an about 100-fold higher anti-proliferative effect than with VD. We found that this difference in biological activity is neither related to increased functional affinity to the VD receptor nor to repression of AP-1 activity. The physiologically most prominent complex of the VD receptor is a heterodimer with the retinoid X receptor that binds VD response elements formed two hexameric core binding motifs being arranged either as direct repeats spaced by 3 nucleotides (DR3s) or as inverted palindromes spaced by 9 nucleotides (IP9s). We observed that EB1089 stimulates transcriptional activation from IP9-type elements at clearly lower concentrations than from DR3-type elements. It is possible that IP9-type response elements play an important role in or contribute to the control of cell proliferation, so that promoter-selectivity may explain the high anti-proliferative effect of EB1089.
The Geschwind–Behan–Galaburda Model (GBGM) of Cerebral Lateralization: A Critique and Prospective

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

In the wake of, and as a complement to, a recently published major meta-analytic review of empirical support of the Geschwind–Behan–Galaburda model (GBGM) of cerebral lateralization (CL) the present brief essay attempts to present a critical assessment of the theoretical approach underlying the GBGM. The GBGM is criticized for having been misguided in its representation of the cerebral basis of handedness, and of the links between testosterone and immune function. Some guidelines are presented for the development of a general theory of CL, emphasizing animal research, greater interdisciplinary communication, a hierarchical model-building approach, and the relevance of neuropharmacology and psychiatry.
An Efficient Mode Preselection Algorithm for Fractional Motion Estimation in H.264/AVC Scalable Video Extension

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The video coding standard, H.264/AVC scalable video extension (SVC), adopts various advanced interlayer prediction modes to explore the data redundancies between layers for better coding efficiency but at the expense of significantly increased computational complexity and data access bandwidth, especially for hardware realization of fractional motion estimation mode decision. To deal with this problem, this paper proposes a mode preselection algorithm for fractional motion estimation in scalable video coding. We first analyze the rate distortion cost relationship between different prediction modes. With the statistical results, several mode preselection rules are proposed to filter out the potentially skippable prediction modes. Simulation results show that our proposed algorithm reduces up to 65.97% prediction modes and 79.79% coding time on average with only 0.036 dB and 0.496% BD-peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) degradation and BD-rate increase, respectively. Furthermore, the proposed mode preselection algorithm has been implemented in hardware and it costs only 9 k gate counts, when synthesized by 90 nm CMOS technology.
Moving beyond content knowledge: Examining the impacts of a culturally responsive microbiology curriculum

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper describes the application of James A. Banks’ Levels of Integration of Multicultural Content to develop a culturally responsive curricular framework for a traditional 16-week microbiology course to determine its impact on classroom discourse. The study sought to qualitatively examine how the integration of multicultural content into a traditional microbiology course would, (1) change students’ impression of science and its relevance to their lived experiences, (2) impact students’ interest and perceived academic performance as it relates to retention of information, and (3) shape students’ understanding of sociopolitical issues. The multicultural curricular framework is summarized with a specific example described in detail. Qualitative data collected from two semesters of assignment prompts, classroom discussions, and end of semester focus groups are presented and discussed. Based on the results of the examined qualitative data, the multicultural curricular framework helped students better recognize the relevance of microbiology in relation to their lived experiences, increased their interest in science, improved their perceived academic performance, and increased their understanding of sociopolitical issues related to microbiology. Challenges and implications regarding integration of multicultural content into traditional microbiology courses are also discussed.
Enhancing NK cell-mediated tumor rejection by activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (48.31)

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Natural killer (NK) cells’ tumoricidal effector activity is regulated by a balance of inhibitory and activating receptors. We demonstrate that murine NK cells express a cytoplasmic receptor called the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). AhR is upregulated upon NK cell activation and binds a wide range of endogenous and exogenous ligands. Upon binding agonistic ligands, this receptor translocates to the nucleus and regulates transcription. We show that activation of AhR in NK cells enhances IFNγ production by stimulated NK cells. Furthermore, activation of AhR in vivo results in enhanced rejection of RMA-S tumors in an NK cell - dependent and AhR - dependent manner. This rejection is correlated with an increase in tumor-infiltrating NK cells. Importantly, this rejection of RMA-S tumors is not the result of the AhR agonist’s effects on the tumor cells directly because RMA-S cells do not express AhR, and their proliferation rate in vivo is not affected by exposure to the ligands. This function of AhR as a potential enhancer of NK cell activity is likely to be physiologic because we also find that AhR-deficient mice are not able to control RMA-S tumors. We show that this defect is inherent to the NK cells themselves using an adoptive transfer approach. Thus, we conclude that AhR plays an important role in the modulation of NK cell effector functions and that activation of this receptor may be a novel therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment and prevention.
Nonpeptide Inhibitors of Measles Virus Entry

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Measles virus (MV) is one of the most infectious pathogens known. Despite the existence of a vaccine, over 500,000 deaths/year result from MV or associated complications. Anti-measles compounds could conceivably reverse these statistics. Previously, we described a homology model of the MV fusion protein trimer and a putative binding site near the head-neck region. The resulting model permitted the identification of two nonpeptidic entry inhibitors. Here, we present the design, synthesis, and bioevaluation of several series of fusion inhibitors and describe their structure-activity relationships (SAR). Five simply substituted anilides show low-microM blockade of the MV, one of which (AS-48) exhibits IC50 = 0.6-3.0 microM across a panel of wild-type MV strains found in the field. Molecular field topology analysis (MFTA), a 2D QSAR approach based on local molecular properties (atomic charges, hydrogen-bonding capacity and local lipophilicity), applied to the anilide series suggests structural modifications to improve potency.
Lymphoblastic transformation of myelodysplastic syndrome

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Acute myeloblastic leukemia occurs as a complication of myelodysplastic syndromes, but the appearance of an acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) has only been reported once. We describe a case in which lymphoblastic transformation occurred in the setting of a dysmyelopoietic syndrome. This leukemia was characterized by lymphoid morphology, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) positivity, cytogenetic abnormalities, and immunoglobulin gene rearrangements. The patient responded to conventional therapy for this leukemia (vincristine and prednisone). Our case supports the hypothesis of a common lymphohemopoietic progenitor and suggests that in vitro tests may help identify a subset of these patients and be important in selecting appropriate therapy.