jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Cannabinoid Research at the NIH

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The National Institutes of Health (NIH) support of cannabinoid and cannabis research has increased over the past few years. Several NIH Institutes, Centers, and Offices (ICOs) have a growing interest in the therapeutic potential of cannabis, cannabinoids, and related compounds as well as their adverse effects on health and society. The National Center on Complementary (NCCIH) and Integrative Health (NCCIH) has become a focal point for research on the therapeutic potential of the heretofore understudied minor cannabinoids and terpenes found in cannabis for the management of pain. Also, NCCIH has become more actively involved in coordinating activities to stimulate new research programs and coordinating various cannabis-related activities across the NIH. This presentation will provide an update on the broad landscape of cannabis-related research at the NIH, summarize new areas of research interest and investment, including those of NCCIH, and describe a new multi-NIH ICO extramural program coordinating group to foster collaboration, share information, and expand and coordinate NIH cannabis and cannabinoid research activities.
ChemInform Abstract: Use of 2‐Cyano‐1‐t‐butylethyl or 2‐Cyano‐1‐(1,1‐diethyl‐3‐butenyl)ethyl as a Phosphorus Protecting Group in Oligonucleotide Synthesis via in situ Phosphoramidite Methods.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Prazepam metabolism by man

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The absorption, excretion, and biotransformation of 14 C‐labeled prazepam were studied in man. Slow, sustained absorption followed the administration of a single oral dose. The peak level of the blood radioactivity was observed after 6 hours. Clearance from the blood was also slow, particularly with respect to the unconjugated forms of the drug. Unlike diazepam, the major phase 1 reaction for prazepam was hydroxylation at carbon‐3 rather than dealkylation. Initially, the principal urinary metabolite was 3‐hydroxyprazepam glucuronide. Oxazepam glucuronide was excreted in increasing quantities over the 48 hour study period so that its total excretion approached that of 3 ‐hydroxyprazepam glucuronide. No unaltered prazepam was detected in the urine and the level of desalkylprazepam was low. Several unidentified radioactive glucuronides and sulfates were also excreted in the urine.
The crystal structure of (8R,10R,12R,14R)- 12-hydroxy-16-(5-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-2-methyltetrahydrofuran-2-yl)- 4,4,8,10,14-pentamethyltetradecahydro-3H- cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-3,6(2H)-dione, C30H48O5

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract C 30 H 48 O 5 , orthorhombic, P 2 1 2 1 2 1 (no. 19), a = 11.6608(10) Å, b = 14.8098(15) Å, c = 15.9975(16) Å, V = 2762.7(5) Å 3 , Z = 4, R gt ( F ) = 0.0586, wR ref ( F 2 ) = 0.1580, T = 293(2) K.
Evaluation of artificial signal peptides for secretion of two lysosomal enzymes in CHO cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) is a scientifically rational and clinically proven treatment for lysosomal storage diseases. Most enzymes used for ERT are purified from the culture supernatant of mammalian cells. However, it is challenging to purify lysosomal enzymes with sufficient quality and quantity for clinical use due to their low secretion levels in mammalian cell systems. To improve the secretion efficiency of recombinant lysosomal enzymes, we evaluated the impact of artificial signal peptides on the production of recombinant lysosomal enzymes in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell lines. We engineered two recombinant human lysosomal enzymes, N-acetyl-α-glucosaminidase (rhNAGLU) and glucosamine (N-acetyl)-6-sulfatase (rhGNS), by replacing their native signal peptides with nine different signal peptides derived from highly secretory proteins and expressed them in CHO K1 cells. When comparing the native signal peptides, we found that rhGNS was secreted into media at higher levels than rhNAGLU. The secretion of rhNAGLU and rhGNS can, however, be carefully controlled by altering signal peptides. The secretion of rhNAGLU was relatively higher with murine Igκ light chain and human chymotrypsinogen B1 signal peptides, whereas Igκ light chain signal peptide 1 and human chymotrypsinogen B1 signal peptides were more effective for rhGNS secretion, suggesting that human chymotrypsinogen B1 signal peptide is the most appropriate for increasing lysosomal enzyme secretion. Collectively, our results indicate that altering signal peptide can modulate the secretion of recombinant lysosome enzymes and will enable lysosomal enzyme production for clinical use.
Recommendations on the clinical application of air polishing for the management of peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Air polishing was introduced as an alternative approach for the supra- and submucosal biofilm management at dental implants. An international expert meeting involving competent clinicians and researchers took place during the EUROPERIO 8 conference in London, UK, on 4 June 2015. Prior to this meeting a comprehensive systematic review dealing with the efficacy of air polishing in the treatment of peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis was prepared and served as a basis for the group discussions. This paper summarizes the consensus statements and practical recommendations on the clinical application of air polishing for the management of peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis.
EVALUATION OF ELEMENTS IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF HYPERTENSION IN NIGERIANS

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Serum micro and macro elements play a significant role in the regulation of blood pressure. The aim of the study is to investigate the role of these elements in hypertension. The study involved 90 newly diagnosed hypertensive patients and 30 healthy subjects who served as controls. Determinations of elements K, Na, Fe, Mg, Mn, Cu, Pb, Co, Cr, Ca, Al, Cd, and Ar were performed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Our results show higher values of Na, Fe, the toxic elements such as Pb, Co, Al, Ar, Cd, and Cr and lower levels of K, Mg, Mn, Cu, and Ca for hypertensive patients in comparison with normal healthy controls. Although, it seemed very unlikely that mineral deficiencies per se could be the cause of hypertension, their contribution is suspected.
Examination of wheat gluten by partial solubility methods. II.—Partition by dilute formic acid

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract When gluten is treated with dilute acid, swelling of the gelatinous component occurs with concomitant diffusion from the gel of the more soluble proteins. This process is independent of the partition by organic solvent described in Part I and the two processes may be applied consecutively in either order with substantially the same result. The resulting three fractions have been examined by viscosimetric and electrophoretic methods. The possible structure of gluten in terms of these fractions is discussed.
The structure and distribution of cyanoglucoside‐storing cuticular cavities in Pryeria sinica Moore (Lepidoptera, Zygaenidae)*

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The dorsal and lateral integument of last instar larvae of Pryeria sinica Moore, 1877 contains two different types of cuticular chambers which are used for the storage of a cyanogenic defensive secretion. Both types of cavities are found to be homologous with those found in the larva of Zygaena trifolii (Esper, 1783), another zygaenid moth with a completely different aposematic pattern. In contrast to the condition in Zygaena trifolíi , the type I cavities in Pryeria sinica bear two different types of opening structures, the smaller one of these being homologous with similar structures found in Zygaena . The aposematic pattern of the Pryeria larva is not contiguous with the cuticular cavities, as it is in Zygaena . The development of the opening structures in the four larval instars of Pryeria is described. It is suggested that the two types of opening structures of cuticular cavities, which form an apomorphic character of the Zygaeninae, have developed independently, the type I mechanisms representing the phylogenetically older system.
Materials Data on Mg2Bi3 by Materials Project

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Mg2Bi3 crystallizes in the trigonal P-3m1 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Mg is bonded in a body-centered cubic geometry to eight Bi atoms. There are a spread of Mg–Bi bond distances ranging from 3.09–3.27 Å. There are two inequivalent Bi sites. In the first Bi site, Bi is bonded to five equivalent Mg atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing BiMg5 trigonal bipyramids. In the second Bi site, Bi is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to six equivalent Mg atoms.
Lysophosphatidic Acid Receptors 1 and 2 Play Roles in Regulation of Vascular Injury Responses but Not Blood Pressure

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Phenotypic modulation of vascular smooth muscle cells (SMC) is essential for the development of intimal hyperplasia. Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a serum component that can promote phenotypic modulation of cultured SMC, but an endogenous role for this bioactive lipid as a regulator of SMC function in vivo has not been established. Ligation injury of the carotid artery in mice increased levels in the vessel of both autotaxin, the lysophospholipaseD enzyme responsible for generation of extracellular LPA, and two LPA responsive G-protein coupled receptors 1 (LPA1) and 2 (LPA2). LPA1-/-2-/- mice were partially protected from the development of injury-induced neointimal hyperplasia, whereas LPA1-/- mice developed larger neointimal lesions after injury. Growth in serum, LPA-induced ERK activation, and migration to LPA and serum were all attenuated in SMC isolated from LPA1-/-2-/- mice. In contrast, LPA1-/- SMCs exhibited enhanced migration resulting from an upregulation of LPA3. However, despite their involvement in intimal hyperplasia, neither LPA1 nor LPA2 were required for dedifferentiation of SMC following vascular injury or dedifferentiation of isolated SMC in response to LPA or serum in vitro. Similarly, neither LPA1 nor LPA2 were required for LPA to elicit a transient increase in blood pressure following intravenous administration of LPA to mice. These results identify a role for LPA and two defined LPA receptors in regulating SMC migratory responses in the context of vascular injury, but suggest that additional LPA receptor subtypes are required for other LPA-mediated effects in the vasculature.
Effect of Critical Thinking Disposition on Emotional Regulation, Perceived Stress and Communication Competence among Nursing Students

Field: Nursing (Health Sciences)

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of critical thinking disposition on emotional regulation, perceived stress and communication competence of students in nursing. Methods: A total of 362 students were recruited from two nursing colleges in C and S city. Data were collected by means of self reported questionnaires from December 1 to 15, 2012 and analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients and multiple regression with SPSS 18.0. Results: A positive correlation was found between critical thinking disposition and seeking support emotional regulation, active emotional regulation and communication competence. A negative correlation was found between critical thinking disposition and perceived stress. Critical thinking disposition was the strongest predictor of seeking support emotional regulation, active emotional regulation, perceived stress and communication competence. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that to enhance positive emotional regulation and communication competence and to reduce stress for nursing students, it is necessary to develop a teaching program and curriculum for increasing critical thinking disposition. Keywords: Critical thinking, Emotion, Stress, Communication, Nursing students, 간호대학생, 비판적 사고성향, 감정조절, 스트레스, 의사소통능력
Velocity of Large Bubbles in Vertical Tubes

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTVelocity of Large Bubbles in Vertical TubesMorrough P. O'brien and James E. GoslineCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1935, 27, 12, 1436–1440Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1935Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1935https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50312a013RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views152Altmetric-Citations29LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (581 KB) Get e-Alerts
Trauma and Violence Informed Care Through Decolonising Interagency Partnerships: A Complexity Case Study of Waminda’s Model of Systemic Decolonisation

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Through the lens of complexity, we present a nested case study describing a decolonisation approach developed and implemented by Waminda South Coast Women’s Health and Welfare Aboriginal Corporation. Using Indigenous research methods, this case study has unfolded across three phases: (1) Yarning interviews with the workforce from four partner health services (n = 24); (2) Yarning circle bringing together key informants from yarning interviews to verify and refine emerging themes (n = 14); (3) Semi-structured interviews with a facilitator of Waminda’s Decolonisation Workshop (n = 1) and participants (n = 10). Synthesis of data has been undertaken in stages through collaborative framework and thematic analysis. Three overarching themes and eight sub-themes emerged that centred on enhancing the capabilities of the workforce and strengthening interagency partnerships through a more meaningful connection and shared decolonisation agenda that centres Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander families and communities. Health and social services are complex systems that function within the context of colonisation. Waminda’s innovative, model of interagency collaboration enhanced workforce capability through shared language and collective learning around colonisation, racism and Whiteness. This process generated individual, organisational and systemic decolonisation to disable power structures through trauma and violence informed approach to practice.
Effects of oral methoxy-psoralen photochemotherapy (PUVA) on liver function and antipyrin kinetics.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Standard liver function tests and antipyrin kinetics were studied in 19 non-alcoholic patients before and after a four-week PUVA treatment with oral methoxy-psoralen. Whereas liver function remained normal in all subjects, antipyrin clearance was significantly reduced at the end of PUVA therapy. Although the mechanism of this pharmacological effect remains unclarified, these results suggest that there is considerable potential for interactions to occur with other drugs metabolized by the same hepatic pathways (cytochrome P 450) in patients undergoing PUVA therapy.
Biogeographical parallels between plants and ants in North American deserts (Hymenoptera: Formicidae; Spermatophyta)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Water is the most limiting factor in deserts, yet researchers have very different emphases on the relative importance of water, depending on the organisms that they study. For example, soil moisture is considered the most critical factor for recruitment of desert succulent plants, and numerous studies have linked plant distribution patterns with soil texture, rainfall, and soil moisture. By comparison, ant biologists have neglected the importance of water and its affect on recruitment, population dynamics, and biogeography, probably because ant communities have been viewed as stable systems that are regulated by interactions among adult colonies. This paper argues that there are several similarities between desert plants and desert ants in regard to patterns of germination and recruitment, and that investigating and integrating these similarities will lead to better understanding population dynamics and biogeographic patterns of desert ants. Four similarities shared by these two groups of taxa include: (1) the trigger and timing of germination events, (2) early survival and establishment result from physiological tolerance, (3) propagule production and recruitment success vary across years, and (4) geographic variation in recruitment results from local and regional variation in soil moisture. Moreover, ant biologists would benefit from integrating the experiments, hypotheses, and approaches that plant biologists have used to understand population dynamics and geographic distribution patterns of desert succulent plants.
Cognitive Skills in Summative Test Items of Secondary Vocational Schools Across Curriculum (School-Based Curriculum and Curriculum 2013)

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

ABSTRACT
BernadettaYuniatiAkbariah
University Diponegoro Semarang
yuniakbarii@yahoo.com

Assessment is an essential part of measuring students’ learning achievement. One form of assessing is by administering tests. Every year schools hold summative test to measure students’ achievement. The items of the tests can be examined to see the objectives of the tests whether it meet the goal of the curriculum. In relation with cognitive process, the item tests can be examined to see to what extent the thinking level will be achieved by the tasks given in the items. In addition, the test formats and the topic contents in the items are also influence the levels of thinking process. This research analyzes the cognitive processes or thinking levels of the test items. The items as the objects of this research are taken from annual odd summative tests that involves eight academic years. The purpose of this research is to see the distribution of the categories of cognitive process in test items. The result shows that from the overall items 84% were in lower thinking level. Remembering (69.5%) consisted of recognizing 43.1% and recalling 26.4%. While category understand reached of 26.4% and the rest, 4.1%, were in higher thinking level (analyze).

Keyword: cognitive process, test format, syllabus contents, KTSP, K-13
Growth temperature of different local isolates of Bacillus sp. in the solid state affects production of raw starch digesting amylases

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Natural amylase producers, wild type strains of Bacillus sp., were isolated from different regions of Serbia. Strains with the highest amylase activity based on the starch-agar plate test were grown on solid-state fermentation (SSF) on triticale. The influence of the substrate and different cultivation temperature (28 and 37?C) on the production of amylase was examined. The tested strains produced ?-amylases when grown on triticale grains both at 28 and at 37?C, but the activity of amylases and the number and intensity of the produced isoforms were different. Significant hydrolysis of raw cornstarch was obtained with the Bacillus sp. strains 2B, 5B, 18 and 24B. The produced ?-amylases hydrolyzed raw cornstarch at a temperature below the temperature of gelatinization, but the ability for hydrolysis was not directly related to the total enzyme activity, suggesting that only certain isoforms are involved in the hydrolysis.
Role of multiparametric 3.0‐ T esla magnetic resonance imaging in patients with prostate cancer eligible for active surveillance

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To evaluate predictors of more aggressive disease and the role of multiparametric 3.0‐ T magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI ) in selecting patients with prostate cancer for active surveillance ( AS ). Patients and Methods We retrospectively assessed 298 patients with prostate cancer who met the Prostate Cancer Research International: Active Surveillance ( PRIAS ) criteria, defined as T 1c/ T 2, PSA level of ≤10 ng/mL, PSA density ( PSAD ) of <0.2 ng/mL 2 , G leason score <7, and one or two positive biopsy cores. All patients underwent preoperative MRI , including T 2‐weighted, diffusion‐weighted, and dynamic contrast‐enhanced imaging, as well as radical prostatectomy ( RP ) between J une 2005 and D ecember 2011. Imaging results were correlated with pathological findings to evaluate the ability of MRI to select patients for AS . Results In 35 (11.7%) patients, no discrete cancer was visible on MRI , while in the remaining 263 (88.3%) patients, a discrete cancer was visible. Pathological examination of RP specimens resulted in upstaging (> T 2) in 21 (7%) patients, upgrading ( G leason score >6) in 136 (45.6%), and a diagnosis of unfavourable disease in 142 (47.7%) patients. The 263 patients (88.3%) with visible cancer on imaging were more likely to have their cancer status upgraded (49.8% vs 14.3%) and be diagnosed with unfavourable disease (52.1% vs 14.3%) than the 35 patients (11.7%) with no cancer visible upon imaging, and these differences were statistically significant ( P < 0.001 for all). A visible cancer lesion on MRI , PSAD , and patient age were found to be predictors of unfavourable disease in multivariate analysis. Conclusion MRI can predict adverse pathological features and be used to assess the eligibility of patients with prostate cancer for AS .
Legal Complexity

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The European legislation governing intra-EU patient movements across the Member States is in itself very complex. In this book, two dimensions of the legal complexity are identified: the complexity of legal rules applicable to the various scenarios of cross-border patient mobility and the complexity of the simultaneous application of legal tools. On the one hand, access to healthcare outside the Member State of residence includes three different situations to which different rules apply: access to healthcare in the competent Member State when residing outside the competent Member State; access to necessary healthcare during a temporary stay outside the Member State of residence; and access to planned healthcare outside the Member State of residence. On the other hand, these situations are currently regulated by two (if counting the case law as well, three) separate sets of rules: the social security coordination mechanism and the case law-based Patient Mobility Directive, which partly overlap and partly conflict with each other, creating doubts and legal uncertainty.