jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Immunologic evaluation and genetic defects of apoptosis in patients with autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Apoptosis plays an important role in controlling the adaptive immune response and general homeostasis of the immune cells, and impaired apoptosis in the immune system results in autoimmunity and immune dysregulation. In the last 25 years, inherited human diseases of the Fas-FasL pathway have been recognized. Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS) is an inborn error of immunity, characterized clinically by nonmalignant and noninfectious lymphoproliferation, autoimmunity, and increased risk of lymphoma due to a defect in lymphocyte apoptosis. The laboratory hallmarks of ALPS are an elevated percentage of T-cell receptor αβ double negative T cells (DNTs), elevated levels of vitamin B12, soluble FasL, IL-10, IL-18 and IgG, and defective in vitro Fas-mediated apoptosis. In order of frequency, the genetic defects associated with ALPS are germinal and somatic ALPS-FAS, ALPS-FASLG, ALPS-CASP10, ALPS-FADD, and ALPS-CASP8. Partial disease penetrance and severity suggest the combination of germline and somatic FAS mutations as well as other risk factor genes. In this report, we summarize human defects of apoptosis leading to ALPS and defects that are known as ALPS-like syndromes that can be clinically similar to, but are genetically distinct from, ALPS. An efficient genetic and immunological diagnostic approach to patients suspected of having ALPS or ALPS-like syndromes is essential because this enables the establishment of specific therapeutic strategies for improving the prognosis and quality of life of patients.
Multiple cutaneous bronchogenic cysts located on the neck and the scalp. A case report.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Bronchogenic cyst is a benign congenital developmental abnormality of the embryonic foregut. The skin is a rare site for bronchogenic cysts, and in this location it is often a solitary lesion. It is poorly recognized by clinicians and in almost all cases the diagnosis is established by histopathologic examination. This report documents a new case of multiple cutaneous bronchogenic cysts bilaterally located on the neck and on the scalp, which are unusual locations of this lesion.
A Socio-Pragmatic Analysis on Expressive Utterances in Action Movie and Its Translation

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Education Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.
The aims of this research are to describe the equivalence of intention of expressive utterances in action film and its translation, and to describe the equivalence of politeness strategy of expressive utterances in action film and its translation.
The type of this research is descriptive qualitative. The data source of this research is action film and its translation. The methods of analyzing data are observation and documentation. The techniques of analyzing data of this research are describing the equivalence of the intention by referring to the speech act theory and describing the equivalence of the politeness pattern by referring politeness strategy.
Based on the result of the data analysis, the writer findsthe equivalence of the intentions and the equivalence of politeness pattern of expressive utterance in action film and its translation. The equivalece of intention of expressive utterance used in action film and its translation are: praising (22,22%), apologizing (13,89%), feeling of irritated (27, 78%), thanking (6,94%), accusing (4,17%), feeling of frightened (12,5%), feeling of surprised (2,78%) and feelingof pleasure (9,72%). The politeness pattern is divided into three kinds, they are: bald on record (45,83%), positive politeness (41,67%), and off record (12,5%).
Considerations for Membrane Protein Purification

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Isolating membrane proteins from their native cells while maintaining structural and functional integrity is challenging. Many detergents have been developed over the years that interact favorably with membrane proteins and mimic the physical properties of the lipid bilayer. Choosing the appropriate detergent is crucial for the successful extraction of a protein in its properly folded, active conformation.
Risk Factors for Mortality of Patients with COVID-19 in Korea: A Nationwide Population-based Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract

Background: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an ongoing major global health crisis caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The outcomes of COVID-19 in patients remain unclear. We aimed to identify risk factors for the mortality of COVID-19 in the Republic of Korea without health system disruption.Methods: The data of confirmed COVID-19 patients were retrieved from Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service (HIRA) dataset between January 3 and June 1, 2020. We used multivariable logistic regression models to identify risk factors for mortality in patients with COVID-19.Results: We identified 7,333 COVID-19 patients, of whom 227 (3.1%) died. Hypertension was the most common (26%), followed by diabetes mellitus (23.0%). In multivariate analysis, male (OR: 1.92, P <0.0001), elderly (age >65) (OR: 11.00, P < 0.0001), living in a large outbreak area (OR: 2.61, P < 0.0001), Medical Aid beneficiaries (OR: 1.54, P = 0.0282), Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) score ≥3 (OR: 3.25, P = 0.029), hypertension (OR: 1.90, P = 0.0013), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (OR: 1.61, P = 0.0374), congestive heart failure (CHF) (OR: 2.14, P = 0.0001), and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) (OR: 5.69, P = 0.0090) were independent risk factors associated with mortality in COVID-19 patients. However, diabetes mellitus, liver cirrhosis, and inflammatory bowel disease were not risk factors for mortality.Conclusion: Male, elderly patients ˃65 years old, Medical Aid beneficiaries, higher CCI (≥3), and living in a large outbreak area might have a greater risk of mortality and comorbidities such as hypertension, COPD, CHF, and ESRD could also greatly affect the mortality in COVID-19 patients.
The Role of Gender Norms in Shaping Adolescent Girls’ and Young Women’s Experiences of Pregnancy and Abortion in Mozambique

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Adolescents and young women in Mozambique experience high levels of unintended pregnancies, with induced abortion being a common outcome. Stigma and gender norms are likely to negatively impact experiences of pregnancy and abortion, and hamper access to information and services. We assessed knowledge, attitudes, practices, and experiences around pregnancy and abortion in six communities in Nampula and Zambézia provinces. We conducted 19 triad interviews with young women and girls, 19 focus group discussions with male and female adult community members, and 15 in-depth interviews with young women with abortion experience. Participants described how gender values, norms, and practices affect girls’ risk of unintended pregnancy and their experiences of pregnancy and abortion. The drivers of adolescent pregnancy included transactional sex and gender-based violence, including early marriage, and gender roles and expectations that lead parents and others to oppose contraception. Stigma around abortion, early or unintended pregnancy, and adolescent sexuality is fueled by gender norms and contributes to girls seeking unsafe abortions. Pregnancy and abortion decision making often involves male partners and family members. In conclusion, gender norms strongly influence the occurrence and outcome of unintended pregnancies and abortion in Mozambique. While abortion legislation was recently liberalized, gender values, norms, and practices inhibit young women’s and girls’ access to services and need to be addressed in policy and programming.
ICT IN A PERSPECTIVE OF INDONESIAN AND RUSSIAN ENGLISH TEACHER

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The objective of this research is to investigate the Indonesian and Russian English teachers’ perspective Abstract on the implementation of ICT. The researchers focused on the implementation, challenges and solution. The researchers employed qualitative research. The informants of this research were two English teachers that are teaching at Kadamjay Semetey High School and MTSN 9 Padang Pariaman. The finding of this research showed a varying degree of integration between technology and English learning in different educational settings. While some schools face challenges such as a lack of equipment and internet connectivity hindering effective technology integration, others, like Kadamjay Semetey High School in Kyrgyzstan and MTSN 9 Padang Pariaman. To address the identified challenges, solutions can be implemented, drawing from existing research. For instance, integrating audio of English songs into lessons has been shown to enhance vocabulary acquisition and student motivation. Additionally, utilizing applications like Quizlet and Babbel can further support vocabulary development and create a more dynamic learning environment.
End-of-life care in acute hospitals: an integrative literature review

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

bloomer mj, moss c & cross wm (2011) Journal of Nursing and Healthcare of Chronic Illness 3, 165–173End-of-life care in acute hospitals: an integrative literature review Aim. To explore and define the current status of published literature related to end-of-life care in the acute hospital setting. Background. Chronic illness is now the leading cause of death in developed countries because the population is and the advances in health care delivery. In Australia, two-third of people with chronic illness who die is inpatient in an acute hospital. Whilst most of the attention regarding end-of-life care and dying has focused on palliative care settings, there is a need to consider those dying outside of specialist palliative care settings. Design. Integrative literature review. Methods. Using an integrative approach, electronic searches of selected databases were undertaken, using comprehensive search terms. Secondary sources were also identified through the reference lists of retrieved literature. Results. The literature review identified a lack of high-quality scientific evidence to direct end-of-life care as delivered in the acute (non-palliative care) sector. From the literature available, five core themes/issues were generated to reflect the literature. Conclusions. There is a need for research to investigate end-of-life care in the acute hospital setting. Care pathways are in use to varying degrees without validation, but implementation alone does not ensure quality end-of-life care. Cultural factors can impede/impact practice and the ability of clinicians to recognise ‘active dying’ has been shown to be problematic, delaying the transition to end-of-life care. Relevance to clinical practice. Given that the majority of deaths in Australia occur in acute hospital settings, clinicians should be delivering expert life-sustaining acute care and also quality end-of-life care.
Juvenile hormone modulates hydrocarbon expression and reproduction in the German wasp Vespula germanica

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Juvenile hormone (JH) affects multiple physiological traits in insects. In social insects, besides development, JH has been demonstrated to influence caste determination and production of chemical compounds. In social wasps, JH triggers behavioural maturation, gonadotropic effects and hydrocarbons modulation. Here, we investigated whether JH displays the same function, previously shown in Vespula vulgaris, in females of the German wasp Vespula germanica. By experimentally treating workers with JH-analogue, an anti-JH, and acetone, we tested whether JH modulates the cuticular chemical expression (CHCs), the Dufour gland chemical composition, and hence the compounds found over egg’s surface. Additionally, we explored whether JH has a gonadotropic effect in workers. Workers treated with the JH-analogue acquired a chemical profile that made them resemble the queen. Interestingly, the same pattern was also seen in the Dufour glands and eggs, although more subtle. Furthermore, workers treated with the JH-analogue were more fertile than compared to the controls, supporting the fact that JH indeed acts as a gonadotropic hormone. Our results indicate a similar function of JH in the societies of related species V. germanica and V. vulgaris.
Correction for Polarization Current Curve of Polymer Insulation Materials in Transformers Considering the Temperature and Moisture Effects

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Depending on the study of the master curve technique, a temperature correction model for the polarization current of transformer polymer (cellulose) insulation, considering the effects of both moisture content (mc%) and temperature is proposed. In the current work, the shift factors of polarization current curves of samples with various moisture contents are extracted at different temperatures. Then, the variation law among the shift factor, test temperature, and moisture content are studied so as to establish the corresponding functional relationship. The findings reveal that the modified model derived from the above functional relationship could be employed to perform the temperature correction of oil-immersed polymer samples with various insulation states. Therefore, the proposed temperature correction model in this paper will promote the state assessment of the field transformer polymer insulation.
A CRISP-DM-based methodology for assessing agent-based simulation models using process mining

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Agent-based simulation (ABS) models are potent tools for analyzing complex systems. However, understanding and validating ABS models can be a significant challenge. To address this challenge, cutting-edge data-driven techniques offer sophisticated capabilities for analyzing the outcomes of ABS models. One such technique is process mining, which encompasses a range of methods for discovering, monitoring, and enhancing processes by extracting knowledge from event logs. However, applying process mining to event logs derived from ABSs is not trivial, and deriving meaningful insights from the resulting process models adds an additional layer of complexity. Although process mining is invaluable in extracting insights from ABS models, there is a lack of comprehensive methodological guidance for its application in ABS evaluation in the research landscape. In this paper, we propose a methodology, based on the CRoss-Industry Standard Process for Data Mining (CRISP-DM) methodology, to assess ABS models using process mining techniques. We incorporate process mining techniques into the stages of the CRISP-DM methodology, facilitating the analysis of ABS model behaviors and their underlying processes. We demonstrate our methodology using an established agent-based model, Schelling model of segregation. Our results show that our proposed methodology can effectively assess ABS models through produced event logs, potentially paving the way for enhanced agent-based model validity and more insightful decision-making.
Teachers' Beliefs in promoting Gender Awareness using Fiction

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Every generation views the world through different lenses, and teachers must continuously expand their horizons to accommodate paradigm shifts. To better align with the current concept of gender, Skolverket is updating the curriculum as of July 1st, 2022, and proposes that all language teaching is well suited for this purpose. According to previous research on how to best teach sensitive subjects, particularly gender awareness, fiction is highly recommended. The present study sets out to explore teacher beliefs regarding teaching gender awareness through fiction in the EFL classroom in Sweden. Moreover, it investigates how teachers' beliefs affect the selection of fiction to address gender awareness. Semi-structured interviews with five upper secondary English teachers with various experiences were conducted. Contrary to previous research, the results do not reveal differences based on the participants' teaching experience. The results show that the participants acknowledged that gender awareness was to be implemented in teaching according to the curriculum. However, they differed in their interpretation of how and if this should be applied in EFL teaching. Furthermore, some participants stated that their implementation of gender awareness depended on their view of the classroom environment. In addition, results show a difference between participants' beliefs on addressing gender awareness and how this affects their selection of fiction. Keywords: gender, teaching, fiction, upper secondary, teacher beliefs, ESL, EFL
Reported Pain in Cisgender Female and Transmasculine Patients Seeking Benign Breast Surgery

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Benign breast surgery aims to treat the physical and psychological discomfort that may be associated with excess breast tissue. In this investigation, we present the first systematic examination and comparison of the determinants of pain and related symptomology in cisgender women and transmasculine individuals presenting for benign breast surgery. Methods: To complete this study, we abstracted the intake forms of 128 transmasculine and 62 cisgender female patients who presented for benign breast surgery between August 2016 and July 2020. Results: Increasing chest size was associated with significantly increased odds of reporting rash (OR 1.10 95% CI [1.01–1.10], P < 0.03), difficulty playing sports (OR 1.19 95% CI [1.09–1.29], P < 0.001), and difficulty finding clothes that fit (OR 1.21, 95% CI [1.11–1.33], P < 0.001). For individuals who bound their chests, size was also associated with difficulty exercising in a binder (OR 1.14 [1.01–1.29], P < 0.03). Looking separately at the two populations, the only factors that remained associated with pain in multivariate models were BMI (β = 0.10 [0.01–0.18], P < 0.03) for cisgender women and history of binding (β = 1.95 [0.37–3.52], P < 0.02) for transmasculine people. Conclusions: Pain does not seem to be associated with chest size in either cisgender female or transmasculine patients seeking benign breast surgery. The association between chest binding and pain in transmasculine people supports the provision of gender-affirming chest surgery to eliminate the need to bind and reduce both physical and psychological distress.
Recent Advances in Ocular Drug Delivery Systems

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Transport of drugs applied by traditional dosage forms is restricted to the eye, and therapeutic drug concentrations in the target tissues are not maintained for a long duration since the eyes are protected by a unique anatomy and physiology. For the treatment of the anterior segment of the eye, various droppable products to prolong the retention time on the ocular surface have been introduced in the market. On the other hand, direct intravitreal implants, using biodegradable or non-biodegradable polymer technology, have been widely investigated for the treatment of chronic vitreoretinal diseases. There is urgent need to develop ocular drug delivery systems which provide controlled release for the treatment of chronic diseases, and increase patient’s and doctor’s convenience to reduce the dosing frequency and invasive treatment. In this article, progress of ocular drug delivery systems under clinical trials and in late experimental stage is reviewed.
Solvation structure of sodium chloride (Na+–Cl-) ion pair in acetonitrile (AN)–dimethyl formamide (DMF) mixtures

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Solvation structures of Na+–Cl− ion pair are investigated in acetonitrile (AN)–dimethylformamide (DMF) isodielectric mixtures. The potentials of mean force of Na+–Cl− in the five compositions of mixtures show minima corresponding to a contact ion pair (CIP) and a solvent-shared ion pair (SShIP). The solvent-separated ion pair minima are present in lower mole fractions of AN (xAN ≤ 0.50). CIPs are found to be more stable than the SShIPs. From a thermodynamic decomposition of the potentials of mean force, we find that the formation of the ion pair is entropically driven in these compositions. The most stable CIP is in pure AN. The local solvation structures around the ion pair are analysed through the running coordination numbers, excess coordination numbers, solvent orientational distributions and density profiles. We find that both Na+ and Cl− are preferentially solvated by DMF.
Effect of nanoplastics on the transport of platinum-based pharmaceuticals in water-saturated natural soil and their effect on a soil microbial community

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The transport of three platinum-based anticancer drugs (cisplatin, oxaliplatin and carboplatin) in soil–water environments, with and without the presence of two different types of surface functionalized polystyrene nanoparticles (PS-NPs; “nanoplastics”), was investigated.
Genetic Analysis of the Role of the Transfer Gene, traN , of the F and R100-1 Plasmids in Mating Pair Stabilization during Conjugation

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Mating pair stabilization occurs during conjugative DNA transfer whereby the donor and recipient cells form a tight junction which requires pili as well as TraN and TraG in the donor cell. The role of the outer membrane protein, TraN, during conjugative transfer was examined by introduction of a chloramphenicol resistance cassette into the traN gene on an F plasmid derivative, pOX38, to produce pOX38 N1 ::CAT. pOX38 N1 ::CAT was greatly reduced in its ability to transfer DNA, indicating that TraN plays a greater role in conjugation than previously thought. F and R100-1 traN were capable of complementing pOX38 N1 ::CAT transfer equally well when wild-type recipients were used. F traN , but not R100-1 traN , supported a much lower level of transfer when there was an ompA mutation or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) deficiency in the recipient cell, suggesting receptor specificity. The R100-1 traN gene was sequenced, and the gene product was found to exhibit 82.3% overall similarity with F TraN. The differences were mainly located within a central region of the proteins (amino acids 162 to 333 of F and 162 to 348 of R100-1). Deletion analysis of F traN suggested that this central portion might be responsible for the receptor specificity displayed by TraN. TraN was not responsible for TraT-dependent surface exclusion. Thus, TraN, and not the F pilus, appears to interact with OmpA and LPS moieties during conjugation, resulting in mating pair stabilization, the first step in efficient mobilization of DNA.
Detection of Evoked Potential Latency Delay Using Robust Time Delay Estimation

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

A robust time delay estimation method,referred as least mean square sigmoid error time delay estimation(LMSSETDE),is used to detect the evoked potential latency delay since the evoked potential signals is with stable noises.A moving average filter is used to model the delay effect of the nerve access conducting the evoked potential signals.The input signal of the filter is the evoked potential signals with normal latency,and the output signal of the filter is the evoked potential signals with abnormal latency to be detected.The optimal filter weight coefficients can be adaptively obtained under the least mean square sigmoid error criteria.The peak location of the weight coefficients is regarded as the relative time delay between the evoked potential signals with normal latency and those with abnormal latency to be detected.Computer simulation studies show that the LMSSETDE method is effective for the detection of evoked potential latency delay.