jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The 70-Kilodalton Adenylyl Cyclase-Associated Protein Is Not Essential for Interaction of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Adenylyl Cyclase with RAS Proteins

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, adenylyl cyclase is regulated by RAS proteins. We show here that the yeast adenylyl cyclase forms at least two high-molecular-weight complexes, one with the RAS protein-dependent adenylyl cyclase activity and the other with the Mn(2+)-dependent activity, which are separable by their size difference. The 70-kDa adenylyl cyclase-associated protein (CAP) existed in the former complex but not in the latter. Missense mutations in conserved motifs of the leucine-rich repeats of the catalytic subunit of adenylyl cyclase abolished the RAS-dependent activity, which was accompanied by formation of a very high molecular weight complex having the Mn(2+)-dependent activity. Contrary to previous results, disruption of the gene encoding CAP did not alter the extent of RAS protein-dependent activation of adenylyl cyclase, while a concomitant decrease in the size of the RAS-responsive complex was observed. These results indicate that CAP is not essential for interaction of the yeast adenylyl cyclase with RAS proteins even though it is an inherent component of the RAS-responsive adenylyl cyclase complex.
Quorum Quenching Bacteria Bacillus velezensis DH82 on Biological Control of Vibrio parahaemolyticus for Sustainable Aquaculture of Litopenaeus vannamei

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Aquatic pathogens such as Vibrio parahaemolyticus cause a bacterial infection that reduces the economic benefits of aquaculture and affects the food quality and safety of human beings. Quorum quenching (QQ) is considered a novel strategy of microbial antagonism that inhibits pathogens and reduces the abuse of antibiotics. This study investigates a QQ bacterial strain, Bacillus velezensis DH82 from the deep sea Yap trench, in vitro to examine the effects of DH82 and its functional products against V. parahaemolyticus , focusing on the Quorum sensing (QS) regulation and the inhibition of pathogenicity and bacterial growth. The study also conducted in vivo investigation in the aquaculture of Litopenaeus vannamei challenged with V. parahaemolyticus by immersion and injection challenge. The results of the QS regulator transcription level demonstrated the multiple QQ enzymes in DH82 regulated the pathogenicity but could not fully control the biofilm formation; the effective antibacterial activity of extracellular peptides on microbial antagonism verified the inhibition on bacterial growth of V. parahaemolyticus . The in vivo experiment in aquaria demonstrated the effective enrichment of DH82 and inhibition of Vibrio in both the aquatic system and the shrimp intestine. The dietary DH82 relieved the negative effect of Vibrio on the activity of enzyme acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (AKP), superoxide dismutase (SOD) under challenge of Vibrio pathogens, and was not harmful to host according to lysozyme (LZM) activity. DH82 also ameliorated the damage to the intestine and muscles induced by V. parahaemolyticus infection according to tissue imaging. Though DH82 did present some dose-dependent adverse effects to the host, the findings revealed the effective QQ and antibacterial activity of DH82 on emerging biocontrol against V. parahaemolyticus , therefore indicating the potential application of DH82 as a biological control reagent in the sustainable and green production of aquaculture.
Continuity and Change: Public Sector Pay Review Bodies, 1992-2003

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The recommendations of the public sector Pay Review Bodies, covering 1.5 million public servants and a paybill in excess of £50 billion, has had growing economic and political importance from 1992. This article examines the period from 1992 to February 2003 and demonstrates that the Review Bodies frequently recommended pay increases which were higher than government wanted and, recently, significantly higher than settlements across the economy. On pay reform and pay structure issues, the article explains why the Review Bodies were generally more cautious. The Pay Review Body system now looks likely to take new paths due to the 2003 Agenda for Change agreements in the NHS and the increasing workload of some Review Bodies, which is putting the traditional system under strain.
Prevalence and related factors of dry eye in primary school pupils in Lanzhou

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

AIM:To investigate the prevalence and related factors of dry eye in primary school pupils in Lanzhou, Gansu Province. METHODS: From October to November 2016, 1 347 pupils in two primary schools in Lanzhou, Gansu Province, were randomly selected as subjects. Every pupil was carried on the questionnaire of dry eye and eye inspection to confirm the diagnosis of dry eye. Besides, the prevalence and influencing factors of dry eye in pupils were analyzed by chi-square test, Mann-Whitney U test and logistic regression model. RESULTS: A total of 1 268 pupils took part in this study and the inclusion ratio was 94.14%; 271 individuals were diagnosed as dry eye, and the prevalence rate was 21.37%. Statistical analysis showed that the risk factors of dry eye were male, senior pupils, often using eye drops, poor reading habits, wearing contact lenses, video terminals last for a long time, learning pressure. CONCLUSION: Dry eye has become one of the main diseases that plagued pupil's life and learning. It should cause wide attention. Considering the above factors, rational use of eye and improve lifestyle will help to reduce the damage to eye of pupils.
A Real-Time Downhole Fluid Identification System Empowered by Efficient Quadratic Neural Network

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In the petroleum industry, accurately identifying downhole fluid is crucial for understanding fluid composition and estimating crude oil contamination and other properties. Near-infrared (NIR) spectrum analysis technology has achieved successful fluid identification applications due to its non-destructive nature and high efficiency. However, for real-time downhole fluid analysis, the NIR spectrometer faces challenges such as miniaturization and cost effectiveness. To address these issues, we construct a real-time downhole fluid identification system in this work. First, we propose a lightweight and deployable fluid identification model by integrating the successive projections algorithm (SPA) and a quadratic neural network (QNN). The SPA allows for spectral feature selection, and the QNN acts as an efficient identification model. Consequently, we use only four specific wavelengths with a one-hidden-layer QNN to achieve high identification accuracy. Second, we devise a hardware deployment scheme for real-time identification. We use four laser diodes to replace conventional light sources, further saving space. The QNN is then deployed to the STM32 MCU to implement real-time identification. Computational and online experiments demonstrate that our system functions well in real-time fluid identification and can further estimate the oil contamination rate with acceptable error.
ANALYSIS OF AL-QURAN’S SURAH ON THE ASPECT OF TAWQIFI AND IJTIHADI -

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This article will explain the scholars' disagreements about the surahs of the Quran from all its
angles, its names, its numbers, its order and its divisions whether it is tawqifi or ijtihadi. It will also analyze all the
names of the surahs in the Quran and the reasons for naming them. It aims to eliminate common ambiguities
among the public, as well as to provide them with information and explanations on the surahs of the Qur'an in all
respects. All the data are obtained by means of qualitative methods, based on ulum al-Quran books which are
muktabar. The findings show that most scholars believe that all aspects related to the surahs of the Quran include
the names used, the number being 114, the order of which is found in the mashaf used today and its parts are
tawqifi of Rasulullah SAW. In conclusion, Muslims need to believe that all current surahs of the Quran are
foundation tawqifi matters that the angel Jibril taught to the Messenger of Allah, but there are also some surahs
given by other companions or the tabiin themselves, which are classified as a matter of ijtihadi that we can hold and
practice.
Renal Metastases from a Nasal Cavity Mixed Squamous Cell and Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma: A Case Report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is a very rare tumor with a high risk of loco-regional recurrence and potential distant metastases. Until now, only a few cases of renal metastases from ACC have been reported in the literature. CASE REPORT A 64-year-old, Caucasian, non-smoker female, 8 months after being treated by radio-chemotherapy for a squamous cell nasal cavity tumor, presented two renal lesions associated with lung and vertebral metastases. Histology was consisted with a metastasis from an ACC. The histological revision of the primary nasal tumor confirmed a squamous cells carcinoma with an adenoid cystic component that metastasized to the kidney. Renal lesions appeared hypometabolic at the ¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose (¹⁸F-FDG) PET scan mimicking a primary renal tumor. The patient underwent a systemic, palliative chemotherapy by a weekly carboplatin/paclitaxel/cetuximab regimen that was well tolerated and allowed a lasting tumor control. CONCLUSIONS The particularity of this case relies on the rarity of renal metastasis from ACC, its difficult diagnosis, and the complexity of its management, as no standard chemotherapy has been validated for metastatic ACC, yet. In our case, a weekly carboplatin/paclitaxel/cetuximab regimen was administered leading to a durable tumor stabilization with an excellent patient's quality of life.
Decentralized algorithms and architecture for tracking and identification

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Present two algorithms for tracking and identification in decentralized multi-sensor systems. Decentralized architectures have many benefits in terms of modularity, speed and robustness. The state estimation (tracking) algorithm is a decentralized Kalman filter (DKF) based on the extended Kalman filter. Identification is achieved by the decentralized Bayesian identification (DBI) algorithm, which identifies targets being tracked. For each of the algorithms The authors discuss optimality and the effect of reducing connectivity. The structure of the algorithms leads to the development of an architecture for a modular sensing node based on communication considerations. The authors present example implementations of both algorithms on actual transputer-based sensing nodes. They describe RCD (region of constant depth) tracking and for this develop a monopulse sonar arrangement with which they implement real-time autonomous tracking by a single sensor node. The second example implementation describes identification of targets being tracked by the DKF using the DBI on actual CCD camera-based nodes.< >
Vigna caracalla L. Verdc. Bitkisinde In Vitro Klonal Mikroçoğaltım

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Vigna caracalla L. Verdc., “İzmir sarmaşığı’’ olarak da adlandırılan, hoş kokulu güzel çiçekleriyle dikkat çeken bir süs bitkisidir. Bu çalışmada, Vigna caracalla L. Verdc. bitkisinde in vitro klonal mikroçoğaltımın gerçekleştirilmesi için etkili bir protokolün geliştirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Tohumlar, farklı sterilizasyon yöntemlerine maruz bırakıldıktan sonra MS besin ortamlarında kültüre alınmışlar. En yüksek sterilizasyon (%93.33) oranı (%93.33); 1 dk %70 etil alkol, 4 dk %0.1 HgCl2 uygulamasının ardından, 7 saat suda bekletilen tohumlarda elde edilmiştir. En yüksek çimlenme yüzdesi (%95.24), N6 besin ortamı içeren 250 mL’lik erlenlerde gözlenmiştir. En yüksek ortalama sürgün uzunluğu (5.05 cm) 1 mg/L IBA + 0.5 mg/L BAP içeren MS besin ortamında kültüre alınan sürgün ucu eksplantlarından elde edilmiştir. Jelleştirici ajan, ışık şiddeti ve eksplant tipinin sürgün rejenerasyonuna etkisinin belirlenmesi için yapılan denemelerde ise en yüksek çoğaltım katsayısı (1.71) ve yaprak boyu (0.82 cm), Duchefa agar ile katılaştırılmış N6 besin ortamında 4200 lüks ışık şiddetine maruz bırakılan nod eksplantlarından elde edilmiştir. Bu çalışma kapsamında, fazla hiperhidrisite göstermeyen ve çoğaltım oranı daha yüksek olan 16 adet klonun mikroçoğaltım denemelerinde uygun reaksiyon verdiği belirlenmiştir. En yüksek kök rejenerasyonu (%85.71), Fluka agar ile katılaştırılmış N6 besin ortamındaki 4200 lüks ışık şiddetine maruz bırakılan sürgün ucu eksplantlarında saptanmıştır. Köklü sürgünler, %70 başarı yüzdesi ile aklimatize edilmişlerdir.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Synthesis of γ‐Lactones with α,β‐Fused Ring Systems Using α‐Diethoxyphosphoryl‐δα,β‐butenolides.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The phosphorylbutenolides (I) undergo cyclocondensation with the oxoalkylmalonates (II) to form the bicyclic lactones (III).
Evaluation of efficacy of a long lasting insecticide incorporated polypropylene bag as stored grain protectant against insect pests on cowpea and maize

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Efficacy of long-lasting polypropylene storage bags incorporated with deltamethrin insecticide developed by Vestergaard Frandsen SA. to protect grains (cowpea and maize) from stored products insect damage was compared to grains admixed with Permethrin at 2.5 ppm stored in Polypropylene (PP) bags and untreated grains stored in PP bags investigated in the laboratories of Nigerian Stored Products Research Institute, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria in 2013. Callosobruchus maculatus Fab. (Coleoptera: Bruchidae), Sitophilus zeamais L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Rhyzopertha dominica Fab. (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) and Tribolium castaneum Herbst. (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) adults were used as test insects to determine the contact-sensitivity of each pest to deltamethrin insecticide treated storage bags nd PP bags for different exposure times; attack to stored grains by preventing pest entry or exit through treatment storage bags as well as effect of insect infestation on grain quality. Test insects exposed to deltamethrin insecticide treated storage bags recorded 90% knockdown compared to 0% in untreated PP bags after 72 h and adults could not chew/bore through the deltamethrin insecticide treated storage bags either from inside or outside at 72 h respectively after treatment compared to untreated PP bags where adult test insects chewed/bored either from inside or outside within 24 h. Control set up by retaining insects without feed to check mortality recorded 65-90% death of the test insects due to starvation after 7 days. Simulated study on insect infestation of grains in deltamethrin insecticide treated storage bags compared to grains treated with Permethrin at 2.5 ppm and stored in PP bags recorded higher percentage mortality of the test insects in deltamethrin insecticide treated storage bags than in PP bag. There was no change in moisture content, crude protein, ash, fiber, oil, carbohydrate of cowpea or maize grains stored in treatment bags after 6 months storage period. The deltamethrin insecticide treated storage bags are recommended because of their ability to control the target insects or pests in general. Further study to conduct a field trial using the insect incorporated bags in selected household and traders grain stores was recommended.

Key words: deltamethrin insecticide treatedstorage bags, test insects, chew/bore, stored grains, grain quality.
Samuel Beckett and the Postmodern Loss of Place

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

It might seem odd to enter into the study of literary representations of place with a chapter on Beckett, since so many of his most memorable fictions are set in almost abstract, unlocalizable spaces. Studies like Eoin O'Brien's pictorial The Beckett Country (1996) or Mary Junker's Beckett: The Irish Dimension (1995) discern a hidden referential dimension in Beckett's landscape descriptions but do little to dispel our doubts about how relevant such links might be for getting at the deeper significance of his works.1 The meaning of Beckett's mature works depends to such an enormous degree on the preservation of ambiguity and the resistance to specificity of any kind that the search for a geographical or cultural "key" to the places in Beckett's fictions would seem to be a kind of curatorial pastime. There are exceptions to the rule (e.g., All That Fall), but most readers would have no trouble agreeing with Jean-Paul Riquelme's assertion that Beckett's mature style becomes increasingly "anti-locative" (Riquelme 543). To the extent that Beckett's work does address questions of place, it seems closer to the kind of poststructuralist deconstruction of place that will be studied in Chapter 3 than to the phenomenological approach studied in the previous chapter. This does not mean, however, that Beckett lost interest in place as a category of human experience. On the contrary, his increasingly daring deconstructions of place are motivated by a growing recognition of its tenacity as a category of human experience.
Xiphoidectomy for xiphoid process-induced pain in a surfer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A 53-year-old man who had been surfing for more than 30 years was referred to our hospital with upper abdominal wall pain. Computed tomography showed that his xiphoid process was protruding forward and the overlying skin was thickened. We diagnosed chronic abdominal wall pain due to repeated compression between the surfboard and his xiphoid process. To relieve the pain, we performed a xiphoidectomy. The pain resolved after surgery and he resumed surfing 26 days postoperatively. Xiphoidectomy is effective for treating xiphoid process-induced pain in surfers.
Prenatal development of reelin-immunoreactive neurons in the human neocortex

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Reelin, the protein defective in reeler mutant mice, is a secreted glycoprotein involved in the architectonic development of the central nervous system, more particularly in the development of neocortical lamination. In mice, reelin mRNA and protein expression are most robust in horizontal neurons of the embryonic marginal zone (MZ). By using monoclonal anti-reelin antibodies (de Bergeyck et al. [1998] J. Neurosci. Methods), the morphology and evolution of reelin-expressing neurons were studied in the MZ of the prenatal human neocortex. At 11 gestational weeks (GW), the MZ contained a single layer of reelin-positive mono- or bipolar horizontal Cajal-Retzius (CR) cells. From 14 GW onward, the subpial granular layer (SGL) invaded the MZ, forming a transient layer of undifferentiated, initially reelin-negative granule cells. In parallel to the emergence of the SGL and the morphological differentiation of the CR cells, a second population of reelin-positive cells appeared within the SGL. These cells, termed CR-like cells, were intermediate in size and shape between the CR cells and SGL granule cells. Between 16 GW and 24 GW, the packing density of the reelin-producing cells remained remarkably stable, despite the continuous growth of the cortical surface. During this period, CR cells settled progressively deeper within the MZ, although they remained in contact with the pial surface through radially ascending processes. Most CR cells disappeared at around 27 GW, in parallel with the dissolution of the SGL. During the last weeks of gestation, reelin was expressed by a few medium-sized, often horizontal neurons. These observations show that different neuronal populations in the human MZ express reelin and suggest that a possible function of the SGL is to supply reelin-producing cells through a gradual transformation of reelin-negative precursor cells into reelin-immunoreactive CR-like cells, thus coping with the protracted neurogenesis and dramatic surface expansion of the human neocortex. (C) 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Temperature/pressure and water vapor sounding with microwave spectroscopy

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Two intense microwave spectra lines exist in the martian atmosphere that allow unique sounding capabilities: water vapor at 183 GHz and the (2-1) rotational line of CO at 230 GHz. Microwave spectra line sounding is a well-developed technique for the Earth's atmosphere for sounding from above from spacecraft and airplanes, and from below from fixed surface sites. Two simple instruments for temperature sounding on Mars (the CO line) and water vapor measurements are described. The surface sounder proposed for the MESUR sites is designed to study the boundary layer water vapor distribution and the temperature/pressure profiles with vertical resolution of 0.25 km up to 1 km with reduced resolution above approaching a scale height. The water channel will be sensitive to a few tenths of a micrometer of water and the temperature profile will be retrieved to an accuracy between 1 and 2 K. The latter is routinely done on the Earth using oxygen lines near 60 GHz. The measurements are done with a single-channel heterodyne receiver looking into a 10-cm mirror that is canned through a range of elevation angles plus a target load. The frequency of the receiver is sweep across the water and CO lines generating the two spectra at about 1-hr intervals throughout the mission. The mass and power for the proposed instrument are 2 kg and 5-8 W continuously. The measurements are completely immune to the atmospheric dust and ice particle loads. It was felt that these measurements are the ultimate ones to properly study the martian boundary layer from the surface to a few kilometers. Sounding from above requires an orbiting spacecraft with multichannel microwave spectrometers such as the instrument proposed for MO by a subset of the authors, a putative MESUR orbiter, and a proposed Discovery mission called MOES. Such an instrument can be built with less than 10 kg and use less than 15 W. The obvious advantage of this approach is that the entire atmosphere can be sounded for temperature and water vapor in a few hours with somewhat better than a scale height resolution. If a bigger mirror is used (greater than 30 cm) limb sounding geometry can be employed and half scale height resolution achieved to altitudes up to at least 60 km. Again, the measurements are immune to dust and ice loads. Water vapor sensitivity of 0.1 micrometer can be achieved (even with a nadir instrument) and temperature profiles retrieved to an accuracy of better than 2 K from the surface to about 60 km. Winds can be measured from the doppler shifts of CO lines in the limb sounding mode.