jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Superior efficacy with a fixed‐ratio combination of insulin degludec and liraglutide (IDegLira) compared with insulin degludec and liraglutide in insulin‐naïve Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes in a phase 3, open‐label, randomized trial

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Aims To investigate the efficacy and safety of insulin degludec/liraglutide (IDegLira) compared with its individual components in Japanese people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) uncontrolled on an oral antidiabetic drug (OAD). Materials and methods This 52‐week, open‐label, multicentre, treat‐to‐target trial randomized participants (n = 819) 1:1:1 to IDegLira, liraglutide 1.8 mg or degludec, as add‐on to their pre‐trial OAD. The maximum IDegLira dose was 50 dose steps (50 U degludec/1.8 mg liraglutide), there was no maximum dose for degludec, and both were titrated based on individual blood glucose measurements. Results After 52 weeks, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) decreased by 26 mmol/mol with IDegLira vs 20 mmol/mol with degludec and liraglutide: estimated treatment differences were −6.91 mmol/mol (95% confidence interval [CI] –8.18; −5.64) and −5.30 mmol/mol (95% CI −6.58; −4.03), confirming non‐inferiority of IDegLira to degludec and superiority of IDegLira to liraglutide ( P < .0001 for both [primary endpoint]). Mean body weight changes were 2.9 kg, 4.1 kg and −1.0 kg with IDegLira, degludec and liraglutide, respectively, showing superiority of IDegLira versus degludec ( P = .0001), but a significant difference in favour of liraglutide ( P < .0001). Rates of severe or blood glucose‐confirmed hypoglycaemia for IDegLira were lower versus degludec (rate ratio 0.48 [95% CI 0.35; 0.68]; P < .0001), but higher versus liraglutide (rate ratio 37.58 [95% CI 19.80; 71.31]; P < .0001). Mean daily total insulin dose was lower with IDegLira (27.7 U) versus degludec (34.8 U; P < .0001). Overall adverse event (AE) rates were similar. In total, 34.9%, 22.9% and 41.8% of IDegLira‐, degludec‐ and liraglutide‐treated participants experienced gastrointestinal AEs. Conclusion IDegLira was superior to degludec and liraglutide in terms of HbA1c reduction and superior to degludec in terms of body weight change and rates of hypoglycaemia in Japanese people with T2D.
Variations of soil microbial community diversity along an elevational gradient in mid-subtropical forest

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Aims Soil microbes play a key role in material recycling and energy conversion in forest ecosystems. We studied the functional diversity of microbial communities and soil physical-chemical properties in order to illustrate variations of soil microbial community diversity along an elevational gradient in the Wuyi Mountains of China and influencing factors. Methods Evergreen broad-leaved forest (EBF), coniferous forest (CF), dwarf forest (DF) and alpine meadow (AM) were chosen as experimental sites along an elevation gradient in the National Natural Reserve of the Wuyi Mountains. We used Biolog EcoPlate analysis to study the functional diversity of microbial communities. Important findings There were significant differences in functional diversity of microbial communities in different soil elevations. The average well color development (AWCD), which directly reflected microbial activity and functional diversity, increased over time, while AWCD at the same soil depth gradually decreased along with increasing altitude and in the order of EBF CF DF AM. The AWCD of different soil depths for the same vegetation type was in the order of 0–10 cm 10–25 cm 25–40 cm. The Simpson index, Shannon-Wiener index, richness index and McIntosh index of EBF were all higher than AM. There was variation among substrates used by soil microbial communities in different soil elevations. The substrate used in EBF was significantly higher than the substrate used in AM. The carbon sources mostly used by soil microbes were carbohydrates and carboxylic acids, followed by amino acids, phenolic acids and polymers; the lowest was amines. Principal component analysis (PCA) identified two factors in relation to carbon sources; they explained 75.27% and 16.14% of the variation. The carbon sources used by soil microbial communities were different among different vegetationtypes. Amino acids and amides were the two main carbon sources separating the two principal component factors. Soil microbial community diversity decreased along the elevation gradient and with soil thickness, and vegetative biomass, forest litter, soil nutrient, microzoon and plant roots might be the major factors controlling this diversity.
A Microstrip Filtering Patch Antenna with Asymmetric Gain Response

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents a novel structure of a compact microstrip filtering patch antenna with asymmetric gain response. A rectangle patch antenna is excited by open-loop resonators through apertures in the co-grounded plane. This coupled patch not only produces three reflection zeros to increase the bandwidth of the antenna, but also generates a radiation null at one side of the band edge to improve selectivity. The design and simulation process follow the design method of a third-order cascade trisection (CT) bandpass filter. This integration approach eliminates the 50 Ohm interfaces between the cascaded filter and antenna while achieving an enhanced frequency selectivity. Measured results of the fabricated circuits show a good agreement with the simulation results.
A Fuzzy Approach to Bluetooth Positioning

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this work we present a positioning system which is based on low cost commercial ready to use Bluetooth devices. After reviewing available positioning technologies, we describe our system’s principle of operation and architecture, and we present a fuzzy approach for raw data processing in order to estimate mobile devices position. Finally experimental tests on the arranged fuzzy algorithm are presented. Key-Words: Location, Bluetooth, positioning, ubiquitous computing, augmented reality, fuzzy systems.
The Role of the Electronic Structure of the Porphyrin as Viewed by EPR/ENDOR Methods in the Efficiency of Biomimetic Model Compounds for Photosynthesis

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A project to investigate the parameters that determine the efficiency of biomimetic porphyrin quinone model compounds for photosynthesis is described. It should aid in understanding the origin of the high efficiency of energy conversion in the light-induced charge separation in photosynthesis. Specifically, the contribution of the electronic matrix element to the electron transfer (ET) rates is addressed. Targeting the electronic structure of the ET components, EPR (electron paramagnetic resonance) and ENDOR (electron nuclear double resonance) spectroscopy were performed on the appropriate radical derivatives of the porphyrins and quinones to determine MO coefficients. Together with semiempirical MO methods, these coefficients were used to obtain information on the frontier orbitals of the donor and acceptor moieties, the porphyrins, and quinones of the model compounds. The porphyrin frontier orbitals (HOMO and LUMO) have been implicated in the balance of ET rates for charge separation and charge recombination, which is related to the efficiency. A model is presented to correlate the substitution pattern of the porphyrin with the efficiency of the model compound. In particular, the effect of porphyrin substitution, including the covalent link to an acceptor, and the comparison of porphyrins with chlorins and chlorophylls are addressed. The model allows for a quantification of these effects in some cases. Differences in the frontier orbital structure suggest that the [5,10,15,20 tetraaryl(alkyl)porphyrinato]metal complexes are sufficiently different from chlorophylls to be nonideal model compounds. These results are related to recent publications, and possible improvements of experimental and theory approaches are addressed.
Least squares estimation of dynamic system parameters using LabVIEW

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A precursor to control system design is the development of a mathematical model describing the behavior of a system to be controlled. This paper presents the utilization of a least squares technique to determine parameters of a system model using LabVIEW. The effect of noise on accurate determination of the system model parameters is discussed along with the method used to filter noise from the data. The procedure is illustrated using the dynamics of a DC motor. The simulated response of the identified system model is compared with the measured response of the physical plant to validate the identification process.
VenDASys — A versatile experimentation platform for educational purposes

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper we present an approach to increase the interest of pupils and high school students in modern science and technology. To achieve this, we developed a versatile experimentation platform for the use in schools and school projects, called VenDASys (Versatile Control and Data Acquisition System). VenDASys allows the interfacing of individual (micro-)sensors or complete experimental set ups while minimizing the required electronics, which are often frustrating for students and teachers alike due to limited experience in this field. Thus, students (and teachers) can directly concentrate on and successfully deal with different sensors and experiments based on these sensors. We present the concept with an example project on blood pressure monitoring. Getting involved in comprehensible MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical Systems)-applications and solvable problems at a relatively early stage of their education will definitely increase the chances that high school students decide to choose a technical education later on.
How Naturalists can Give Internalists What They Really Want (or Need!)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract Epistemological internalists have a problem about perceptual knowledge: how can perceptual experience both provide faithful information about the external world and justification for empirical belief? This is Sellars’s famous problem about “the given.” Chapter 12 argues, first, that this problem is not just for internalists—a version of it arises for naturalistic externalists. But, second, it argues that the problem can be solved within naturalistic bounds, by appealing to a category of causal relations called “intelligible causation.”
<title>Microscopic observations of domain collapse in TbFeCo-based magneto-optic recording</title>

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper discussed the further development of magnetic force microscopy to observe successive changes in recorded marks resulting from heating cycles in the presence of an external field. Our results on a conventional TbFeCo-based medium indicate very stable domains up to relatively high temperatures, which then rapidly collapse once wall movement starts. The images show that due to variations of the media on the local scale, the marks diminish in a highly nonuniformity manner. Inhomogeneities of the magnetic and mechanical properties of the medium play a crucial role in retarding wall motion and lead to formation of complex domain shapes prior to collapse. Pinning at the grooves has been similarly observed. Quantitative analysis of the results provide additonal insights concerning mark size reduction and edge sharpening as a function of temperature. This analysis also leads to the derivation of a critical radius for this media and biasing field combination.
Industrial and commercial sector comparability of financial statements of listed companies in Singapore.

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This study aims to determine the inter-company and inter-period comparability of the financial statements of listed companies in the Industrial and Commercial sector in Singapore. This study extends only to Singapore incorporated companies from 1987 to 1996. This study concentrates on nine accounting policies - inventory valuation, depreciation, construction contracts, dividend income, income tax, long-term investments, short-term investments, associated companies and foreign currency translation.
Penerapan Aplikasi Siske Sakti Dalam Memanajemen Keuangan Santri Pondok Pesantren Al Mubarok Baturaja

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This study focuses on financial management in the field of education/agency at the Al Mubarok Baturaja Islamic Boarding School. Historically, financial management at the Al Mubarok Islamic boarding school was managed manually. Over time, financial management using the manual method is considered less efficient. Therefore, an application called Siske Sakti was created, which is a digital-based Islamic boarding school financial recording application, which has complete and simple features and design. This study uses the Field Research Method. While the Siske Sakti testing technique used beta testing which was carried out by distributing questionnaires via Google form to respondents, namely Al Mubarok students as many as 20 people using a Likert Scale. From the research that has been done, it is obtained that an average percentage of 80.36% is included in the "Strongly Agree" category. This shows that the Siske Sakti application helps in managing the finances of Al Mubarok Baturaja Islamic Boarding School students.
The Influence of a Socially Valued Skill on Peer Acceptance in a Music Therapy Group

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of a socially valued skill (playing the piano) on the performer's peer acceptance in a music therapy group. Subjects consisted of 13 physically handicapped preadolescents participating in group music therapy sessions. The piano performer was introduced as a music therapy student observer. The performer participated as a group member for five 1-hour sessions without playing the piano. Group members were then asked to rank each other according to three questions selected from the affective domain. The next condition was altered by having the performer play the piano at the end of each session. Following this condition, the same sociometric test was given. The two conditions (five sessions of nonperformance followed by four sessions of performance) were then repeated to constitute an ABAB complete reversal design. The Friedman Two-Way Analysis of Variance indicated that the performer's status or rank position significantly changed (p < .025) over the four experimental conditions. The remaining subjects failed to obtain significant gains in status.
BARTER'S SELF-PERCEPTION PROFILE FOR CHILDREN ADAPTED FOR USE WITH YOUNG PORTUGUESE STUDENTS

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This study of 260 Portuguese early adolescents (Grades 5 to 7; 11–14 years old) used a questionnaire which taps six different domains and was devised by Hatter to evaluate the self-concepts of children and early adolescents in Grades 3 to 7. The Portuguese version has Cronbach coefficients alpha between .25 and .80. The results of factor analysis and correlational studies evidence a low differentiation of the dimensions of self-concept. Results of differential studies by sex and school grade indicate girls see themselves as better behaved than do boys and boys see themselves as significantly more athletically competent than do girls. Also, fifth graders see themselves as more competent in five domains of self-concept than do seventh graders.
Decoding the pancreatic cancer microenvironment: The multifaceted regulation of microRNAs

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Pancreatic cancer (PC) is an extremely deadly type of cancer, and the 5‐year survival rate remains less than 10%. The tumour microenvironment (TME) affects the occurrence, progression and treatment outcomes of PC. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are essential to regulate PC TME. This review delves into the different roles of miRNAs in the PC TME, including exosome communication, angiogenesis, interactions with cancer‐associated fibroblasts, the immunological and neuronal microenvironments and metabolic reprogramming. However, research on the complex regulatory networks and synergistic effects of miRNAs in the TME is still insufficient, and their clinical translation and application face challenges. This review summarised the activities of miRNAs in the PC TME, guiding future research and therapeutic strategies involving miRNAs in PC. Future studies should integrate advanced technologies to decode the spatiotemporal dynamics of miRNA regulation within the TME and develop optimised nanodelivery systems for stable and targeted miRNA delivery, advancing clinical applications in PC treatment.
Design and Modelling of a CSC Converter with a variable DC link voltage to drive a Brushless DC Motor Drive

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The applications based on Brushless DC motors are rapidly increasing in both industrial and domestic applications. This paper concerns the design, modeling, and analysis of canonical switching cell converter(CSCC) fed brushless DC motor. CSCC converter is one of the advanced converter topology offering a variable DC link voltage enabling it to suit a multitude of applications. MATLABlSimulink is used to design and simulate the converter circuits. The modeled converter is employed to drive a BLDC motor and analyzed for different load conditions (Torque) and different DC link voltages to ensure the adaptability of the converter topology to suit a multitude of applications and conclusions has been drawn based on the analysis.
Synthesis and electrocatalytic performance of nitrogen-doped macroporous carbons

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Nitrogen-doped carbons with highly ordered macroporous structures are fabricated via the assembly and carbonization of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA)–polyacrylonitrile (PAN) core–shell nanoparticles. During the carbonization, PMMA (acting as a template) is completely removed, and the resulting hollow PAN particles are fused to form ordered macroporous structures. Micropores are present on the macropore walls, providing desirable inter-macropore channels. The nitrogen atoms partially remain in the resulting carbon structures and exhibit mainly pyridinic and quaternary configurations under relatively high carbonization temperatures. The careful control of the pre-stabilization and carbonization conditions is crucially important for the formation of the ordered macroporous structures. As a demonstration, the obtained nitrogen-doped macroporous carbons exhibit excellent electrochemical catalytic activities both for the reduction of Sn2− electrolyte ions in QDSSCs and the reduction of oxygen in fuel cells.
Syntactic structures and their symbiotic guests

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The empirical focus of this paper is on utterances that re-use syntactic structures from a preceding syntactic unit. Next utterances of this type are usually treated as (coordination) ellipsis. It is argued that from an on-line perspective on spoken syntax, they are better described as structural latency: A grammatical structure already established remains available and can therefore be made use of with one or more of its slots being filled by new material. A variety of cases of this particular kind of conversational symbiosis are discussed. It is argued that they should receive a common treatment. A number of features of the general host/guest relationship are discussed.
For the greater credibility: Jesuit science and education in modern Portugal (1858–1910)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Upon the restoration of the Society of Jesus in Portugal in 1858, the Jesuits founded two important colleges that made significant efforts in the promotion of hands-on experimental teaching of the natural sciences. At the Colégio de Campolide (Lisbon, 1858–1910) and the Colégio de São Fiel (Louriçal do Campo, 1863–1910) the Jesuits created modern chemistry and physics laboratories, organized significant botanical, zoological and geological collections, promoted scientific expeditions with their students to observe eclipses and to collect novel species of animals and plants, and engaged in original research work in physics, botany, and zoology. The successful implementation of modern scientific practices gained these colleges public recognition as the most prominent secondary institutions in nineteenth-century Portugal, and this made a major contribution to countering the widespread and commonly accepted anti-Jesuit accusations of obscurantism and scientific backwardness.
Recent Advances in the Discovery of Antiviral Metabolites from Fungi

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract: As the world manages the impact of a global pandemic caused by COVID-19, the discovery of new antiviral agents has become way more relevant and urgent. Viruses are submicroscopic infectious agents that replicate inside the living cells of different organisms. These viruses use nucleic acids (both DNA and RNA) for further replication and maturity inside the cells. Some of the viruses responsible for various human and plant diseases belong to the classes of Picornaviridae, Retroviridae, Orthomyxoviri-dae, Flaviviridae, Pneumoviridae, Virgaviridae, and Hepadnaviridae, and their treatment options are lim-ited or non-existent. The consistent reemergence and resistance development in the viral strains demand the discovery and development of new antiviral drugs possessing better efficacy. Bio-active compounds isolated from fungi can be the source of new compounds with enhanced potency and new mechanisms of action. Fungi are known to produce a diverse lot of secondary metabolites due to their existence in harsh and testing climates which are often inhabitable for many organisms. Because of these unique environ-ments, fungi produce a variety of secondary metabolites of different chemical classes like alkaloids, qui-nones, furanone, pyrones, benzopyranoids, xanthones, terpenes, steroids, peptides, and many acyclic com-pounds. Fungal metabolites are known to display a wide range of bioactive attributes, i.e., anticancer, antibacterial, antifungal, and anti-Alzheimer's, along with antiviral properties. In this review article, we report over 300 antiviral compounds from fungal sources during the period of 2009 to 2019. The source of these compounds is marine and endophytic fungi and they are arranged based on their antiviral action against different viral families. These compounds offer promise for their use and development as future antiviral drugs.