jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Silaheterocycles. Part 33. Cycloaddition Reactions of 1,1‐Dichloro‐2‐ neopentylsilaethene with Pentafulvenes.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Studies of lead(II) complexes of substituted calix[4]diquinones: the remarkable self-assembly of a novel redox-active 3D channel network

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Several calix[4]diquinone–lead(II) complexes have been prepared. Two momonomeric complexes have been prepared with p-tert-butyl-(26,28-crown-5)calix[4]diquinone L1 and p-tert-butylcalix[4]diquinone bis(ethyl ether)L2, namely [PbL1(ClO4)2] and [PbL2(ClO4)2(H2O] wherein the metal atoms are 10-coordinate being bonded to the four oxygen atoms at the lower rim of the calixdiquinone and three perchlorate oxygen atoms together with three crown oxygen atoms or two carbonyl oxygen atoms and a water molecule respectively. <br/>By contrast the lead(II) complex with calix[4]diquinone bis(acid)L3 forms a unique trimeric [Pb9(L3– 2H)3(ClO4)6(OH)6] unit with crystallographic 3/m symmetry containing three unique Pb(II) atoms. One of these is to be found within the calix[4]diquinone bonded to the four oxygen atoms at the lower rim, two acid oxygen atoms, two perchlorate anions and a water molecule. The other two Pb(II) atoms are bonded to carbonylic oxygen atoms, water molecules and hydroxide ions. These trimeric units are interconnected via upper rim quinone oxygen–Pb(II) interactions to form a three-dimensional network containing channels of ca. 14 Å in diameter.
The cyclooxygenase-2 pathway as a target for treatment or prevention of cancer

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, an inducible enzyme involved in prostaglandin biosynthesis, has attracted considerable attention recently, due to its role in human cancer biology. Several studies have correlated an increase in the expression of COX-2 with a poor clinical outcome, while epidemiological studies demonstrate a reduced risk of cancer mortality in persons with long-term, chronic ingestion of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Originally, these observations were made in patients with colorectal cancer, and subsequent studies suggest a protective role of NSAIDs in other human cancers as well. With the development of COX-2 specific inhibitors, numerous laboratory and clinical studies are underway to help understand the role of COX-2 in cancer and the potential use of COX-2 selective inhibitors for cancer treatment or prevention. This review focuses on the physiological function of COX, and the clinical rationale for evaluating COX-2 selective inhibitors for use in oncology.
Light energy effect on Spirulina platensis growth rate

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The effects of light intensity and initial \nconcentration of Spirulina platensis on growth were \ninvestigated. Light intensity levels were varied between 2 \nto 8 klux in steps of 2 klux. Light was supplied by 40-Watt \nfluorescent tubes. Initial Spirulina platensis \nconcentrations investigated were 100, 200, 400, and 600 \nmg/L. The medium used for Spirulina platensis growth was a \nmodified Zarrouk medium. Light radiation levels were \ncontrolled by exposing algae to light within specific area \non a surface with a (1 mm) depth of culture. Also, by \ncontrolling the velocity flowing on the glass plate exposed \nto the light source, calculations of light radiation input \nto the culture were possible. \nThe biological clock of Spirulina, in a 400 mg/L culture \nunder 4 klux of light, was investigated to determine the \nappropriate time length for each trial to be conducted in \nthe main experiment. There was a distinct dial pattern of \ngrowth between the hours of 0800 and 1100. Results showed \nthat the first 3 hours of growth represented a maximum \ngrowth of the culture. \nSince Spirulina used in the main experiment were taken \nfrom a nutrient and light energy deficient culture, starved \nculture, verification of the effect of using the starved \nculture on the biological clock of growth was needed. Therefore, three tests were conducted in duplication of 2, \n3-hour time periods each, starting at the hours of 1100, \n1530, and 1900, which represented the low algae production \nperiods of the biological growth clock. Results showed that \nthe time of day the tests were conducted had no effect on \nthe 3-hour growth results, where initial Spirulina \nconcentrations were supplied from nutrient and light energy \ndeficient stock culture. Statistical analysis showed no \nsignificant differences between treatments at the low algae \nproduction times at a=O.Ol. Therefore, data for the main \nexperiment were collected without regard of the time of day. \nFor the main study, each treatment level was allowed to grow \nfor 3 hours. \nResults proved that within the ranges of light \nintensity and algae concentration levels tested, an algae \nconcentration of 400 mg/L provided the maximum growth \nconditions under any of the light intensity levels examined. \nResults were based on the net increase in algae \nconcentration for the 3-hour time periods. Also, analysis \nof variance test for the data showed significant differences \namong treatment levels at the a=O.Ol level.
Nasionalisme dalam Al-Qurâ€™an

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This article discusses about the identity of nationalism in Indonesia, the author's efforts to find the relationship in the Qur'an. While, the meaning of nationalism is still reaping the debate. Call it like HTI (read: history). The difference is caused there are different meanings to the Qur'an and a different understanding to the Qur'an.This study uses Abdullah Saeed's contextual theory. Abdullah Saeed offers a contextual interpretation system which includes, firstly, linguistic analysis and study of asbabu an-nuzul micro-macro. Secondly, the interpretation of scholars from generation to generation. Third, contextualization, namely nationalism in the Indonesian context.
Role of microorganisms in abiotic stress management

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The productivity of major crops has been detoriated due to increased intensity of biotic and abiotic stresses in all over the world. To overcome this, efficient resource management can mitigate the adverse effect of biotic and abiotic stress. However, these strategies being long drawn and cost intensive, there is a need to develop simple and low cost biological methods for the management of abiotic stress, which can be used on short term basis. Microorganisms are the most effective tool which could play a vital role in adaptation strategies and increased the tolerance to abiotic stresses in agricultural plants. Plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) mitigate most effectively the impact of abiotic stresses (drought, low temperature, salinity, and high temperatures) on plants through the production of exopolysaccharates and bio film formation. PGPR mitigate the impact of drought on plants through a process so-called induced systemic tolerance (IST), which includes: a) bacterial production of cytokinins, b) production of antioxidants, and c) degradation of the ethylene precursor ACC by bacterial ACC deaminase. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and endophytic rhizospheric bacteria also tend to mitigate the abiotic stress in plants.
John Labatt Blows In and Out of the Windy City: A Case Study in Entrepreneurship and Business Failure, 1889–1896

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The Labatt brewery of London, Ontario, just 200 kilometres from the Canada–United States border, was the first Canadian brewery to attempt a strategic expansion into the United States. The paper examines the reasons why John Labatt decided to expand into the United States at the end of the nineteenth century. It analyzes both the “push” and “pull” factors that caused him to attempt to sell his ales, porters, and stouts in Chicago. The paper argues that while entrepreneurial factors played a central role in Labatt’s geographic expansion into the United States, structural factors were more important as a factor in the ultimate inability of Labatt to capture a share of the Chicago market.
Study Performance of Floating Columns Subjected to Vertical Loads

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In many cases, we need large areas in the building that are free of columns, especially on the lower floors, such as the ground floor and the basement, in order to use them as car parking or otherwise. The load path will change and new terms will appear, including the term ”floating column”, which is the column above the removed column, and the term Transfer beam, is the beam that the floating column is based on it as a concentrated load and then transfers the loads to the adjacent columns. In this paper, the effect of vertical load on a concrete building containing a floating column has been studied and compared to another one without a floating column. Also, the results of the Transfer beam were compared in a number of parameters such as moment, shear force, and deflection. A building consisting of G+4 was studied and analyzed using ETABS, SAFE, and Midas programs, A number of results were reached, the most important is the concept of load path redistribution, also this paper concluded that in normal buildings case all beams have an approximately equal result of bending, shear, and deflection but in floating column building the beams above the Transfer beam have different values which decrease when going upward.
WIRELESS NETWORKS FOR TELEMETRIES SIGNAL TRANSMISSION ON THE GROUND STATION OF UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLE: ORGANIZATION AND SOFTWARE DEVICES

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The methods and devices for providing communication between unmanned aerial vehicle and ground control station are analyzed in this paper. In many cases this solution is not optimal. The maximum length of the USB cable limits the distance between the radio modem and the ground control station by five meters. In many cases, this solution is not optimal. The maximum length of the USB cable limits the distance between the radio modem and the ground control station by five meters. It creates discomfort to take out the radio modem on the mast. Bad fixing of the USB cable connector in the corresponding port of the laptop creates an unreliable connection, which often causes a non-qualified transmission of telemetric information. This method of connection allows only a point-to-point connection. At the same time, it is often necessary to simultaneously transmit a telemetry signal to several terrestrial devices. It is proposed to provide this type of communication using a wireless (Wi-Fi) network. The wireless network in this work was used to exchange telemetry signals between the RFD-900 radio modem and the ground station of the unmanned aerial vehicle (installed on the laptop) in full-duplex mode. The transmission of telemetry signals to the Wi-Fi transceiver, built into the laptop, is carried out using the ESP8266-12E module, which is included in the NodeMCU-debug board. The ESP8266-12E module is connected via the UART interface to the output of the radio modem and used as a ground system's wireless signal repeater. To implement such signal transmission in the Delphi 7 IDE was developed a software module based on the TCP/IP protocol. The developed device has the modularity and universality features, which expands the area of its application. For example: video signals wireless transmission (FPV), an applications not associated with remote-controlled aircraft. In addition, the developed device can be used as a wireless server for local Wi-Fi network building. It is planned to modernize the software in the future - it will be added algorithm for working with a file system, it will be developed the software for other operating systems (Linux, Android) etc.
Socio-legal conditionality of criminalization of socially dangerous acts committed in the securities market

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The development of the country’s economy and its integral element — the securities market, at all stages of the development of the state is under special attention from all subjects of economic activity. The criminal attractiveness of the economic sphere, the state’s promise to improve the economy and its versatile support raise the question of the content of the social and legal conditionality of the criminalization of socially dangerous acts committed in the securities market. The social and legal conditionality of socially dangerous activities is a very important criminal law and criminological institution. In the Russian Federation, given the unfriendly behavior on the part of foreign participants in the international securities market, it has its own characteristics. The fight against acts that encroach on the established procedure for the circulation of securities, which are deeply latent and entail serious economic losses for bona fide participants in the securities market, in a difficult economic situation, should be one of the priorities of modern criminal policy. The level of organization of these crimes is growing, as well as the increasing use of digital and virtual technologies in their commission. Countering crimes committed in the securities market should be based on increasing the level of interaction between entities related to the activities of the securities market and the application of preventive organizational and legal and technical measures, including the criminal law format, based on the criteria for the social and legal conditionality of the criminalization of acts.
The role of combining immunotherapy with primary (Chemo)radiotherapy in curative treatment settings of the head and neck cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract The introduction of immunotherapy into the radical management of head and neck cancer (HNC) is a fast moving phenomenon, which is constantly developing. Although now established in the management of recurrent and metastatic disease in HNC, its use in radical treatment is being investigated in a whole spectrum of clinical trials looking at which immune altering agents give the best results, which can be added safely to radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and chemoradiotherapy for greatest efficiency and when the most appropriate time to add these agents is in the neoadjuvant, concurrent on adjuvant settings. These multiple questions produce a complex matrix for HNC investigators and this article brings together the existing evidence and contemporary trials going on with immunotherapy in HNC, giving an up to date snapshot of present investigations and near future directions for further research.
Unified Approach to Joint Power Allocation and Base Assignment in Nonorthogonal Networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we consider the joint power allocation and base station (BS) assignment in nonorthogonal downlink transmission code-division multiple-access (CDMA) communication systems. In addition to the popular sum-power criterion, we introduce three novel criteria that better take into account the network requirements and particularly the separate power limit of each of the BSs. In our model, we allow each user to be connected to more than one BS and show that such a scheme can improve the system capacity (while currently this mechanism is only used to support soft handoff). Nevertheless, we show that in any optimal solution, the actual number of connections used by each user is small. We propose a unified approach to optimization, which allows the use of linear programming (LP)-based iterative algorithms to solve all of the presented optimization problems. The proposed scheme is verified by simulations for several scenarios. The simulation results show that by taking into account the power constraints of each of the BSs, the system capacity can be increased by up to 33%. The results can also approximate the performance of orthogonal CDMA networks with precision that increases with system bandwidth.
DNA methylation dynamics in the shoot apical meristem

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract The shoot apical meristem (SAM) is pivotal for plant development, acting as the source of all aerial tissues and the origin of the gametes. Despite extensive knowledge of the regulation of stem cell pool size, organ initiation, and patterning at the SAM periphery, the epigenetic landscape of SAM cells remains largely unexplored. Here, we review recent attempts to characterize the spatio-temporal dynamics of DNA methylation in the SAM, including its role in stress responses, memory, control of the activity of transposable elements in the initiation of reproductive cell lineages, and its association with stem cell fate. We highlight several technological opportunities for future epigenetic studies of the SAM, especially at the single-cell level. These include the use of spatial DNA methylation sequencing, joint transcriptome–methylome analysis, and the use of stochastic DNA methylation changes for cell lineage tracing.
Enhancing Forensic Diagnostics: Structured Reporting of Post-Mortem CT versus Autopsy for Laryngohyoid Complex Fractures in Strangulation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: The purpose of this study was to establish a standardized structured workflow to compare findings from high-resolution, optimized reconstructions from post-mortem computed tomography (pmCT) with autopsy results in the detection of fractures of the laryngohyoid complex in strangulation victims. Method: Forty-two strangulation cases were selected, and pmCT scans of the laryngohyoid complex were obtained. Both pmCT scans and autopsy reports were analyzed using a structured template and compared using Cohen’s kappa coefficient (κ) and the McNemar test. The study also compared the prevalence of ossa sesamoidea and non-fusion of the major and minor horns of the hyoid bone between both diagnostic methods. Results: The detection of fractures showed a very good correlation between autopsy and pmCT results (κ = 0.905), with the McNemar test showing no statistically significant difference between the two methods. PmCT identified 28 sesamoid bones, 45 non-fusions of the major horns, and 47 non-fusions of the minor horns of the hyoid bone, compared to four, six, and zero, respectively, identified by autopsy (p < 0.0001). Conclusions: Autopsy and pmCT findings correlate well and can be used in a complementary manner. PmCT is superior to autopsy in identifying dislocations and detecting anatomical variations in the laryngohyoid complex, which can lead to misinterpretations during autopsy. Therefore, we do not advocate replacing autopsy with pmCT but propose using a structured workflow, including our standardized reporting template, for evaluating lesions in the laryngohyoid complex.
Prediction of Human proteins having interactions with HPV16 proteins using virus and host sequence motifs.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Background: Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection has been found to be the major cause of cancer of cervical region, in females. Genome of HPV codes for 6 functional proteins E1, E2, E4, E5, E6 and E7. These proteins play different roles in development of HPV infection and its progression towards cervical cancer. The interactions of HPV proteins with human DNA and proteins occurs in the presence of short linear peptide motifs on these proteins, have similar sequence to those found on proteins in human cells. Methods: After identification of human motifs in HPV proteins, by use of ELM resource, their counter domains were found from PROSITE. The proteins of human proteome containing these counter domains were predicted as the proteins having possibility of interactions with HPV proteins. Results: we predicted 9468 human proteins for having interactions with HPV proteins. Our predicted proteins were enriched with the host proteins having possibility of being interacted by HPV proteins. 10% of our predicted proteins were already reported to be affected by one or more HPV proteins. The list of predicated proteins can be utilized to find out the connectivity between the virus HPV and human host. It can also be used to determine the pathways involved in pathogenesis of HPV leading towards the cervical cancer Conclusion: The list of predicated proteins can be utilized to find out the connectivity between the virus HPV and human host. It can also be used to determine the pathways involved in pathogenesis of HPV leading towards the cervical cancer.
Brittle relationship analysis of human error accident of warship technology supportability system based on set pair analysis

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Warship technology supportability system is a typical complex system as it involves the complicated relationships among human, machine and environment. For this reason, human errors causing accidents are also complicated in the system, and affected by the relationships between the structure of warship technology supportability system and its subsystems, including human, organization and environment. First, this paper analyzes the characteristics of warship technology supportability human error accidents. Based on Reason-SHEL model and complex system brittleness theory, it then analyzes the brittle basic elements in the warship technology supportability human error accident system and the type of interaction between them, and applies the set pair theory in quantitatively describing the degree of interaction between subsystems based on the brittle relationship entropy. At last, 80 cases of human error accident are gathered to calculate the brittle relationship entropy of subsystems, so as to conclude the degree of influence the structure of warship technology supportability system has on human error accidents.