jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Analytical Interstitial Solution Models

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Analytical methods to describe the thermodynamic properties of interstitial solutions are reviewed. It is important to take into account the effect of excluded sites, caused by each solute atom blocking its neighbouring sites from being occupied by other solute atoms. The blocking can be hard or soft depending on the interaction energy. For nondilute solutions it is also important to take into account the overlapping of excluded sites which decreases the net amount of excluded sites. Based on these principles, a new analytical model is proposed which is empirical in nature but for hard blocking in the case of a coordination number of 2 for the interstitial sites, found in hcp metals, it agrees with the quasichemical theory which is valid for that case.
Aircraft noise as a problem of environment protection

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Одним із чинників негативного впливу авіації на навколишнє середовище є шум, що регламентується вимогами міжнародного стандарту - Додаток 16 (т. 1) ПСАО до Конвенції про міжнародну цивільну авіацію. Розглянуті аспекти впливу авіаційного шуму на природне середовище, що існує поза повітряним судном, та середовище, що утворюється всередині гермокабін повітряного судна. Здійснений аналіз утворення та оцінки впливу авіаційного шуму. Досліджені засоби зменшення авіаційного шуму
Commissioning social care for people with dementia living at home: Findings from a national survey

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objective To explore the complexities, circumstances, and range of services commissioned for people with dementia living at home. Methods A national survey was used to collect data from English local authorities in 2015. Commissioners of services for older adults were invited to complete a questionnaire. An exploratory cluster analysis of nominal data was conducted using a TwoStep procedure to identify distinct groups. Results A total of 122 authorities (83%) responded to the request. Four approaches to commissioning were identified, reflecting commissioning practices at the organisational, strategic, and individual service user levels. Commissioning at the service user level was most apparent. Bivariate analysis found that these configurations were not associated with the types of dementia specific services provided but were related to the number available. Authorities delivered a greater range of specialist services when joint commissioning between social care and health partners was undertaken. However, the joint commissioning of services was less observed in services specifically for people with dementia than in generic services for all older people. There was limited evidence that local circumstances (population configuration and deprivation levels) were associated with this approach to commissioning. Conclusions The significant role of health partners in the delivery of social care services to support older people living with dementia in their own homes is evident. As the population with dementia ages and physical health needs increase, how dementia specific services differ from and complement those services available to all older people warrants further investigation.
Narratives of Russian Propaganda in the Ukrainian Media Space in the Context of Implementation of European Values

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Russian propaganda significantly influences the Ukrainian media landscape, actively fueling ethnic and political tensions. Through various media channels, it propagates a negative narrative regarding European integration, aiming to instill a sense of threat to national security and cultural identity. Therefore, the promotion and implementation of European values are crucial for Ukraine, as they serve as a strategic defense against Russian propaganda. European principles such as democracy, rule of law, freedom of speech, human rights and tolerance are fundamental for ensuring stability and progress within Ukrainian society. So the purpose of the study is the identification of Russian propaganda narratives in the Ukrainian media space within the context of implementation of European values and providing their typology. This article explores the influence of Russian narratives on the views and perceptions of Ukrainian society regarding European values, as well as possible response strategies of the Ukrainian media to the spread of Russian propaganda narratives are being researched. Furthermore, the data gathered from research on Russian propaganda gives author the opportunity to develop own typology of narratives of Russian propaganda. Also the main tools, themes and motives of Russian propaganda are revealed in the article. In paper it is made an attempt to assess of the influence of Russian narratives on the views and perceptions of Ukrainian society regarding European values and to compare the influence of Russian propaganda at the Ukrainian and European levels. Thus, enhancing the public’s media literacy and implementing the European values within society are vital components of Ukraine’s national security and long-term development, particularly in the context of information warfare. Overlooking the impact of propaganda narratives on the public will result in significant setbacks in communication and information dissemination. Hence, it is imperative to devise strategies to combat such propaganda narratives and foster among the citizens a sense of critical thinking and the importance of verifying information, particularly during times of societal crisis.
Observations on some diurnal rhythms in depressive illness.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A viscous mucoid fluid occasionally accumulates after intratesticular inoculation of rabbits with Treponema pallidum. Experiments were performed to assess the effects of this testicular fluid on the development of syphilitic lesions. Intramuscular injections of this fluid altered host defences as indicated by shorter incubation periods, by reactivation of healing lesions, and by the presence of lesions at a time when solid immunity should have developed.
Robust Policy Iteration of Uncertain Interconnected Systems With Imperfect Data

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper investigates the robust optimal control problem of a class of continuous-time, partially linear, interconnected systems. In addition to the dynamic uncertainties resulted from the interconnected dynamic system, unknown bounded disturbances are taken into account throughout the learning process, wherein the system's dynamics and the disturbances are assumed unknown. These challenges lead the collected online data to be imperfect. In this scenario, traditional data-driven control techniques, such as adaptive dynamic programming (ADP) and robust ADP, encounter a challenge in approximating the optimal control policy precisely due to imperfect data and computational errors. In this paper, a novel data-driven robust policy iteration method is proposed to simultaneously solve the robust optimal control problems. Without relying on the knowledge of the system's dynamics, the external disturbances or the complete state, the implementation of the proposed method only needs to access the input and partial state information. Based on the small-gain theorem, the notions of strong unboundedness observability and input-to-output stability, it is guaranteed that the learned robust optimal control gain is stabilizing and that the solution of the closed-loop system is uniformly ultimately bounded despite the existence of dynamic uncertainties and unknown external disturbances. The simulation results reveal the efficiency and practicality of the proposed data-driven control method. Note to Practitioners —This work is motivated by the use of reinforcement learning to improve the quality of designing adaptive optimal controllers for engineering applications. Adaptive dynamic programming methods, in particular policy iteration (PI), are widely used in solving optimal control problems. However, due to the iterative nature of PI, the approximated optimal control policy may be inaccurate and imprecise. Especially, when using imperfect system's measurements instead of the modelling information. This can result in causing the learned control policy to deviate from the actual optimal policy. This becomes more challenging in the existence of dynamic uncertainties and unknown external disturbances which corrupt the measurements and result in imperfect data. This work investigates the conditions on the uncertainties such that the proposed novel data-driven PI algorithm is robust to system's uncertainties, unknown external disturbances and imperfect measurements. The approximated robust optimal control policy performs robustly in the existences of imperfect data and uncertainties, and at the same time is close enough to the optimal control policy.
Sex Every Afternoon: Pink Film and the Body of Pornographic Cinema in Japan.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Sex Every Afternoon: Pink Film and the Body of Pornographic Cinema in Japan is a critical reconsideration of the modes and meanings of the Pink Film; a form of soft-core, narrative, theatrical adult film produced in Japan from the 1960s to the present day. Focusing on the period between the early 1980s and the early 2010s, I combine fieldwork with historiographical and theoretical reassessments to explore this industry through the three main dimensions of its contemporary existence—the pro-filmic spaces of production at shooting locations and in studios, the imaginary and remediated realms of the pornographic image on movie and TV screens, and the physical environments of the adult specialty cinema network in Japan. In counterargument to a growing body of knowledge that has, since the rapid spread of adult video formats in Japan in the early 1980s, emphasized the material and contextual specificities of Pink Film and reified the format as an essentially filmic, distinctly theatrical, and particularly Japanese cinema, I examine the ways in which Pink Film has acted instead as a (re)productive point of translation between presumably disparate moving image technologies and audiences. I challenge the assumption that pornographic film, as a ‘body genre,’ has the unusual power to directly address or affect spectators’ bodies. I argue that while Pink Film does exhibit an intimate relationship with the bodies of producers and performers that create it, the films themselves focus as much on the spectacular coupling of media technologies as they do the simulated sexual contact of actors in the frame. I also show how adult cinema customers often have no interest in the movie at all, and instead utilize these spaces in ways that are directly disputed by theater management and disavowed by filmic narratives. Sex Every Afternoon recalibrates the ‘bodies’ of this body genre to align with the real people who create Pink Films. It issues a challenge to film and pornography studies by arguing that a close textual and contextual evaluation of this medium reveals that the romantic relationship between the moving image and the living spectator is, at best, uncertain.
Predicting Party Sizes

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Abstract For a given electoral system, what average number and size distribution of parties can we expect? This book makes specific predictions that agree with world averages. The basic factors are assembly size and district magnitude (the number of seats allocated in the district). While previous models tell us only the direction in which to change the electoral system, the present ones also tell us by how much they must be changed so as to obtain the desired change in party system and cabinet duration. These are quantitatively predictive logical models. Combined with known particularities of a country, these models can be used for informed institutional design. Allocation of seats among countries in the European Parliament is also put on a logical basis.
Instantaneous velocity and vorticity distributions around a circular cylinder close to the free-surface of a progressive wave

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Instantaneous velocity and vorticity distributions around a circular cylinder close to the free-surface of a progressive wave are investigated. The cylinder is placed horizontally along the span of a wave tank at various values of depth of submergence, relative to the nominal (quiescent) location of the free-surface. Instantaneous, quantitative flow visualization involves use ofhigh-image-density particle image velocimetry (PIV). The patterns of vortex formation formed from the cylinder are highly asymmetric with respect to the vertical plane of symmetry of the cylinder. Vortex formation occurs not only from the surface of the cylinder, but also from the free-surface. As the depth of submergence of the cylinder increases, vortex formation from both sides of the cylinder tends to become more symmetric. For all cases, however, patterns of vortices repeat from cycle to cycle ofthe wave motion.
A Multilayer-Routing-Strategy with Dynamic Link Resource Adaptation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

With the automation in optical networks based on the introduction of a control plane (GMPLS, ASON) it will be possible to adapt the transport network dynamically to the traffic requirements of packet based client layers. This allows reducing leased line costs and improving the throughput. In some cases the network throughput limitation comes from the limited switching capacity of transit routers. This is especially the case when Multiservice-network elements are used, which usually are implemented as an extension of SDH network elements with packet switching capabilities. Hereby the packet switching matrix usually only covers a fraction of the whole interface capacity of the node, since the main switching is expected to be carried out in the TDM (SDH) domain. An intelligent Multilayer-Routing-Strategy can relief the packet layer by circumventing packet switching with transport shortcuts. In this paper we present such a new Multilayer-Routing-Strategy, that allows to route demand with a distributed routing mechanism. This is complemented by a centralized optimization instance, that optimizes the overall network status. Simulative investigations allow a first quantification of the advantage of this approach.
Screening of corainder genotypes against aphid, Hyadaphis coriandari (DAS) at Junagadh conditions.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Studies on the screening of twenty genotypes of coriander against aphid, Hyadaphis coriandari (DAS) revealed that the genotype Dhana-98 was found least susceptible which was statistically at par with K-selection, Gcr-2, Jcr-391 and Gcr-1. Whereas, the genotype EC-363974 was found as the most susceptible. The remaining genotypes were found to be moderately susceptible.
Symmetric products of the line: Embeddings and retractions

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The n-th symmetric product of a metric space is the set of its nonempty\nsubsets with cardinality at most n, equipped with the Hausdorff metric. We\nprove that every symmetric product of the line is an absolute Lipschitz retract\nand admits a bi-Lipschitz embedding into a Euclidean space of sufficiently high\ndimension.\n
THE INFLUENCE OF SELECTED GROWTH REGULATORS ON DEVELOPMENT, DECORATIVE VALUE AND YIELD OF CORMS OF EASY POT FREESIA (Freesia Eckl. ex Klatt). PART II. ETHEPHON

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Ethylene is a plant hormone which play an important role in regulation of physiological plant processes. However, use of ethylene for practical purposes is restricted by its multilateral activity. Experiments were carried out in the years 2006–2007, in summer-autumn period to evaluate the influence of concentration of ethephon solution (125, 250, 500, 1000, 2000 mg dm-3) on growth, flowering, decorative value and yield of the offspring corms of three cultivars of Easy Pot Freesia: ‘Gompey’, ‘Popey’ and ‘Suzy’ grown from cormlets. Soaking corms in ethephon solution had an effect on the delay of germination and prolongation of vegetative phase. Corms soaked in ethephon solution of the highest concentrations, i.e. 1000 and 2000 mg dm-3 did not blossom. Regardless the cultivar the use of ethephon had an effect on the decrease of number of leaves set on main shoot and greenness index of leaves but also on the increase of number of shoots. The concentration 2000 mg dm-3 showed the strongest effect on the vegetative traits of plants. Ethephon affected also decorative value of freesia. The use of ethephon solution in concentrations of 125, 250 and 500 mg dm-3 had an effect on the decrease of length of main inflorescence shoot, and in concentrations of 125 and 250 mg dm-3 caused the increase of number of flowers in first inflorescence. Soaking corms in ethephon solution had an effect on the increase of coefficient of corm number increase but also on the decrease of coefficient of corm weight increase.
Editorial Community development and the arts: reviving the democratic imagination

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The title of this special issue was chosen for two reasons.First, to re-affirm that community development has an intrinsic interest in the fostering of a democratic culture within and between communities, and between communities and state institutions.Second, we wish to explore the relationship between the politics of culture including policy analysis and policy formation, and cultural politics, those democratic and aesthetic practices that challenge mainstream democratic models (McGuigan, 1996).We are particularly interested in the potential of community development to catalyse and nourish this relationship.Of course neither of these intentions is free of context, and specific circumstances are crucial in determining the parameters of choice and possibility.This means that there are both re-assuring commonalities and instructive differences in the responses to the title, which are presented in this issue.Community development takes different forms in different contexts but, generally and historically speaking, it is concerned with the relationship between government and its citizens, charged variously with the responsibility for extending, strengthening or cultivating democracy.As an essentially contested concept, democracy has a range of meanings, and community development has been drawn upon to support competing and sometimes conflicting models.For us, democracy is not simply a set of managed institutions or relationships and certainly not a code word for neoliberal hegemony, but instead the concept needs to be reclaimed as an active social, political and cultural process through which change occurs by means of challenge and resistance as much as by consent.In this case, democracy is sustained not by the conformist citizen assumed in some versions of community development, but by the agency of the
Robust and Accurate Inference via a Mixture of Gaussian and Student’s t Errors

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

A Gaussian measurement error assumption, i.e., an assumption that the data are observed up to Gaussian noise, can bias any parameter estimation in the presence of outliers. A heavy tailed error assumption based on Student's t distribution helps reduce the bias. However, it may be less efficient in estimating parameters if the heavy tailed assumption is uniformly applied to all of the data when most of them are normally observed. We propose a mixture error assumption that selectively converts Gaussian errors into Student's t errors according to latent outlier indicators, leveraging the best of the Gaussian and Student's t errors; a parameter estimation can be not only robust but also accurate. Using simulated hospital profiling data and astronomical time series of brightness data, we demonstrate the potential for the proposed mixture error assumption to estimate parameters accurately in the presence of outliers.
Alterations in the estrogen environment of the testis contribute to declining sperm production in aging rats

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Testicular function, specifically, production of testosterone by Leydig cells, diminishes during aging. Estradiol is also produced by the testis and potentially acts in an autocrine or paracrine manner to help regulate spermatogenesis. However, changes in estradiol concentration or receptor expression within the testis during aging remain unclear. This study was designed to test the hypothesis that the estrogen environment of the testis is altered during aging and that these changes are associated with declining sperm production. Sprague Dawley rats were examined at three, 15, 18, and 21 months of age to detail changes in sperm production and testicular concentration of testosterone and estradiol; five rats were used at three and 21 months and three rats were used at 15 and 18 months. Daily sperm production declined 49% from 15 to 21 months of age. Testicular concentrations of estradiol declined 53% from 15 to 21 months of age; testosterone concentrations were not significantly different. These results suggest that declines in intra-testicular estradiol may contribute to declining sperm production. We further tested our hypothesis by treating rats once every third day with a subcutaneous injection of estradiol valerate (1 µg/kg) from 15 to 18 months of age. Estradiol was increased 54% in treated animals while testosterone was unaffected. Estrogen receptor alpha (ESR1) expression was significantly reduced from 15 to 18 months and expression in estrogen-treated animals was significantly higher than age-matched controls. Additionally, ESR1 expression in 18 month treated animals was not different from 15 months of age. Importantly, daily sperm production in 18 month treated animals was 22% higher than age-matched controls; thus, treatment prevented approximately half of the decline observed in control animals. Collectively, our results suggest that estrogen is involved in maintaining optimum spermatogenesis in adult rats and that estrogen treatment may attenuate the age-associated loss in sperm production.
Cancer Survival and Status of National Health Insurance in a Community

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

It is known that socioeconomic status(SES) of the cancer patient is associated with survival in recent studies, performed in other countries. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the association between status of national health insurance and survival is also present in a community in Jeonnam province, South Korea. The Gwangju-Jeonnam Cancer Registry, a population-based cancer registry, provided information to identify the cancer cases of study community diagnosed from 1998 to 2007. Total of 2,046 cases were identified during the period. There were significant associations between the status of national health insurance and survival for total cancer after adjusted by age, geographic accessibility to health care, and stage at diagnosis. However, this differences were not found in the analysis using only stomach and colorectal cancer cases. Despite of some limitations, this results suggest that the policy for reducing the difference according to the SES is required in national cancer management program.