jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Empirical Approaches to Studying Emotion in Literature

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The empirical study of literature involves leveraging a wide range of scientific methodologies in order to better understand how literary texts are created, comprehended, and understood. This includes methods that rely on observing and measuring behavior, analyzing large corpora of texts, and sometimes manipulating some element of interest in a laboratory. Researchers engaged in the scientific study of literature have succeeded in uncovering a large number of insights regarding the role of emotion during reading. This includes the importance of emotional content in literary texts, demonstrations of the various ways that readers engage with the depictions of emotions, and a useful taxonomy of the types of emotions elicited by literary texts. We close our discussion of empirical approaches with an in-depth case study of gender and women, as both creators and consumers of literature. In doing so, we delve into women and their reading habits; the depiction of women and their emotions within literature; how and what women are perceived to read, including the phenomenon of the romance genre; and the challenges faced by women writers.
Influence of Expectations of Aging on Older Women’s Use of Dietary Supplements Using the Health Promotion Theory

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The use of vitamins, minerals and herbal supplements by older adults is increasing and changing. There are concerns about supplement quality, safety, and vitamin D overuse. Little is known about supplement use by nursing home residents and about factors that influence older women to use supplements. The current study describes the supplement use of 247 nursing home residents and 110 independent living women 65 years or older in the Midwestern United States. A secondary analysis of 247 medication administration records describes the prevalence of vitamin, mineral, and herbal supplement use of nursing home residents. Using the health promotion theory, the author examined factors that influence independent living older women’s use of supplements. The research hypothesis for the study was: controlling for age, comorbidity and education level, expectations of aging, self-efficacy, and prior related behavior will predict vitamin, mineral and herbal supplement use. A cross-sectional descriptive survey included expectations regarding aging, general self-efficacy, the Self-Administered Comorbidity Questionnaire, a 24-hour supplement recall and an inventory of supplement use in the past month. A multiple regression model was used to determine predictors of vitamin, mineral and herbal supplement use. Education level, prior use of VMS, and expectations of aging are significant predictors of supplement use in the model and explain 27 % of the variance. Prior use is the strongest predictor of current use followed by expectations of aging. Ninety-two percent of the independent living women and 94 % of nursing home residents are taking a vitamin, mineral or herbal supplement. Vitamin D is the most frequently reported supplement for both independent living women and nursing home residents. Independent living women report 0 to 16 supplements in a month and 31% use herbals. Seventy-five percent of the independent living women take vitamin D. Seven percent of independent living women are taking vitamin D at or above the Tolerable Upper Intake Level recommended by the Food and Nutrition Board. Health care and food and nutritional professionals should be aware of overuse and high-dose use of supplements. Findings suggest expectations of aging may be an important consideration to understand older women’s health behavior.
Study on Skeletal System of Rana rugosa Temmick et Schegel

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A detailed examination of the complete skeletal system of Rana rugosa Temmick et Schegel was conducted. All specimens examined were collected from China. The vertebral column is dipasiocoela, and the centrum of the eighth vertebrae is amphicelous. Pectoral girdle is firmisternia. A gap, shallow or deep, presents at the base of the omosternum along the middle line. From a dorsolateral view of the skull, the exposed part of the sphenethmoid extends forward. The length of the extension is variable in relation to the position of the nasal. The ratio of the length of the nasal to the length of the skull is also variable. We hypothesized that the variations are due to the age difference of the specimens. The old individuals tend to have a longer sphenethmoid extension and larger ratio. This study first discovered and described a bone element located at the lateral edge of the cartilaginous rhinal sac. We named the new bone element “os nasocavorum”.
Enzyme-Based Artificial Liver Support

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

There is an increasing interest in the use of immobilized enzyme reactors for biomedical tasks. Enzymic reactors are most valuable for detoxification purposes, and are considered either as extracorporeal or as implanted blood-contacting devices (1–9). They have been employed to remove specific substances from the blood, or to reduce their abnormally high level, when caused by a malfunctioning metabolism, genetic deficiency, or overdose. For example, reactors with immobilized phenylalanine-ammonia-lyase were used to remove phenylalanine from blood and body tissues (10); in cancer treatment, reactors with immobilized l-asparaginase have been used for treatment of aspargine-sensitive leukemias (11).
The Impact of the Mexican Drug War on Trade

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper studies the unintended economic consequences of increases in violence following the Mexican Drug War. We study the effects on exports in municipalities with different levels of exposure to violence after the policy. A focus on exports allows us to control for demand shocks by comparing exports of the same product to the same country of destination. Building on the close elections identification strategy proposed by Dell (2015), we show that municipalities that are exogenously exposed to the Drug War experience a 40% decrease in export growth on the in- tensive margin. Large exporters suffer larger effects, along with exports of more complex, capital intensive, and skill intensive products. Finally, using firm level data, we provide evidence consistent with violence increasing marginal exporting costs.
Birds Recorded at Paicines, San Benito Co., California

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

HE APPENDED LIST is compiled from notes and records made by my brother and myself at Rancho Paicines during many visits of from two to ten days duration at various times of the year since 1888. In this work we have been greatly aided by the superintendent, Mr. Peter Kelly, who is naturally a shrewd observer, and who has taken a deep interest in the bird life of the locality. Our observations have been confined to this ranch and the immediate neighborhood, probably not covering over thirty square miles. Most unfortunately a valise containing some valuable notes and records of ours was stolen from a transfer wagon and never recovered. We are not sure of having closed the gap made by this loss. Paicines is situated on the northern slope of a comparatively dry belt, Hollister ten miles north being the approximate limit of copious rains. The annual rainfall at Paicines varies from four inches in dry seasons to fifteen or more in wet winters, twelve inches when properly distributed insuring good crops. The result of this light precipitation, together with the coolness of the climate as compared with the southern and interior valleys of the State is that many of the birds are intermediate between the dark northern and coast forms and the lighter ones of the true interior and south. The ranch consists mostly of open rolling land on both sides of the San Benito River, with some alluvial bottoms, occasional oak groves, many scattering oaks, sage brush and chaparral tracts, and clumps of cottonwoods or willows here and there beside the stream. Like many California rivers the San Benito can only be dignified with such a name immediately after a heavy rainfall in the mountains, as for the greater part of the time it is but a small stream, often dry for long stretches in the summer. Its valley is bounded on the southwest by the Gabilan Range which is some 3000 feet high and is covered on its northeast slope with digger pines and chaparral. On the ranch are large tracts of open pasture land, hundreds of acres of level grain fields and an alfalfa patch of ioo acres under irrigation, but no orchard or vineyard. From this brief description it will be seen that the character of the country is quite diversified and the variety of birds correspondingly large. Many different species of ducks follow the river in the fall and winter and often light upon the small ponds and lagoons in its neighborhood, or upon the deeper spots in the river itself. Some waders also appear from time to time, killdeer thrive along the moist gravel beds and some colonies of herons maintain themselves without difficulty. In the following list summer resident means breeding birds, while common resident does not mean abundant unless so stated,-it is meant to convey the idea more of even distribution and ordinary occurrence than of large numbers, while of course sparingly resident means that though fairly evenly distributed the numbers are small. These terms are used in order to have the text as concise as possible and yet make the matter clear.
Responding to Arguments on the Problem of Evil

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Christians and non-Christians have struggled with the existence of evil. How can re reconcile an evil world full of suffering with a compassionate, powerful God? In this episode of Giving An Answer, H.C. Felder answers this and other related questions in front of a live audience. He defines evil really in addition to explaining why there is so much evil and why God seems to be powerless to stop it. He also turns the table on Atheist by demonstrating that the existence of evil is actually an argument for the existence of God. H.C. concludes by demonstrating that only Christianity ultimately defeats evil.
Aspergillus infection of the neck with an extradural component: an unusual presentation.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A 66-year-old Chinese male, diabetic and hypertensive for more than 10 years, had excision of right cerebellar abscess in 1985. Histology then was suggestive of Aspergillus colonies. He presented to the ENT Department 7 years later, in September 1992, with complaints of a left-sided neck lump and fullness for 3 months which was shown on histology and culture to be Aspergillosis. CT scan findings revealed extradural involvement with erosions of parts of the cervical vertebrae. The patient, however, did not show any signs of spinal cord involvement. This case illustrates the long indolent period which Aspergillus infection can take. It also highlights the fact that it can mimic the radiological features of a highly malignant lesion. Follow-up CT scans of the patient revealed resolution of the lesion with itraconazole therapy.
A practical approach to solve secure multi-party computation problems. New Security Paradigms Workshop

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Secure Multi-party Computation (SMC) problems deal with the following situation: Two (or many) parties want to jointly perform a computation. Each party needs to con-tribute its private input to this computation, but no party should disclose its private inputs to the other parties, or to any third party. With the proliferation of the Internet, SMC problems becomes more and more important. So far no practical solution has emerged, largely because SMC studies have been focusing on zero information disclosure, an ideal security model that is expensive to achieve. Aiming at developing practical solutions to SMC problems, we propose a new paradigm, in which we use an acceptable security model that allows partial information disclosure. Our conjecture is that by lowering the restriction on the
Five new Pycnomerus Erichson (Coleoptera: Zopheridae: Pycnomerini) from Raivavae, French Polynesia

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

We describe five new species of Pycnomerus (P. mahanatoa, P. rairua, P. raivavae, P. taralewisae, and P. vavitu spp. nov.) from subfossil material collected on the island of Raivavae in the Austral Archipelago of French Polynesia. Like the two species of Pycnomerus recently described from Rimatara (Porch & Smith 2017), we consider it is probable that some or even most of the endemic Raivavae species are globally extinct. This is because the species have, so far, only been found in as subfossil specimens in sediments that date to the period immediately before or just after human arrival on the island (c.1300 AD), they have not been collected historically, and very little indigenous forest of Raivavae remains. These species add to the growing body of knowledge regarding the zopherid fauna of eastern Polynesia, which is, and unfortunately will always likely be, based primarily on the subfossil record from the region.
Topography of the Human Papillomavirus Minor Capsid Protein L2 during Vesicular Trafficking of Infectious Entry

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT The human papillomavirus (HPV) capsid is composed of the major capsid protein L1 and the minor capsid protein L2. During entry, the HPV capsid undergoes numerous conformational changes that result in endosomal uptake and subsequent trafficking of the L2 protein in complex with the viral DNA to the trans -Golgi network. To facilitate this transport, the L2 protein harbors a number of putative motifs that, if capable of direct interaction, would interact with cytosolic host cell factors. These data imply that a portion of L2 becomes cytosolic during infection. Using a low concentration of digitonin to selectively permeabilize the plasma membrane of infected cells, we mapped the topography of the L2 protein during infection. We observed that epitopes within amino acid residues 64 to 81 and 163 to 170 and a C-terminal tag of HPV16 L2 are exposed on the cytosolic side of intracellular membranes, whereas an epitope within residues 20 to 38, which are upstream of a putative transmembrane region, is luminal. Corroborating these findings, we also found that L2 protein is sensitive to trypsin digestion during infection. These data demonstrate that the majority of the L2 protein becomes accessible on the cytosolic side of intracellular membranes in order to interact with cytosolic factors to facilitate vesicular trafficking. IMPORTANCE In order to complete infectious entry, nonenveloped viruses have to pass cellular membranes. This is often achieved through the viral capsid protein associating with or integrating into intracellular membrane. Here, we determine the topography of HPV L2 protein in the endocytic vesicular compartment, suggesting that L2 becomes a transmembrane protein with a short luminal portion and with the majority facing the cytosolic side for interaction with host cell transport factors.
GPS smart jammer suppressin algorithm based on spatial APES

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Smart jammer is one of the most threat interferences for the GPS receiver, so a smart jammer suppression algorithm is proposed in this paper, which combines spatial amplitude and phase estimation(APES) method and high resolution coherent subspace estimation method. The new method can resolve the problem that spatial APES is unable to cancel multiple coherent interferences, and also provide the accurate GPS signal estimate. Simulation results show that the feasible of the proposed method.
‘Constant Exercise’: A Late Fifteenth-Century Programme of Studies — Rudolph Agricola’s Letters to Alexander Hegius of Deventer and Jacobus Barbirianus of Antwerp

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Marcia Colish is one of the most influential scholars of the history of medieval and early modern thought, the author of numerous books and scores of articles in the field, as well as a pioneering President of the Medieval Academy of America. This volume honours her accomplishments with papers by her many colleagues, friends, and former students, who are themselves prominent scholars from across a range of disciplines. The chapters are diverse chronologically and topically, yet they are all stimulated by themes that Prof. Colish has explored during her long and distinguished career. They address the richness of European intellectual history between the twelfth and the sixteenth centuries, treating the multiple heritages of philosophy, theology, political theory, historiography, classical reception, and many other subjects to which her scholarship extends. The volume demonstrates the power of ideas in the development of European history generally, revealing that the careful study of the works of the 'mind' does indeed 'matter'.
A matrix for appropriate assessment for Work Integrated Learning in STEM disciplines

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

With increasing interest shown by Universities in workplace learning, especially in STEM disciplines, an issue has arisen amongst educators and industry partners regarding authentic assessment tasks for work integrated learning (WIL) subjects. This paper describes the use of a matrix, which is also available as a decision-tree, based on the features of the WIL experience, in order to facilitate the selection of appropriate assessment strategies. The matrix divides the WIL experiences into seven categories, based on such factors as: the extent to which the experience is compulsory, required for membership of a professional body or elective; whether the student is undertaking a project, or embedding in a professional culture; and other key aspects of the WIL experience. One important variable is linked to the fundamental purpose of the assessment. This question revolves around the focus of the assessment: whether on the person (student development); the process (professional conduct/language); or the product (project, assignment, literature review, report, software). The matrix has been trialed at QUT in the Faculty of Science and Technology, and also at the University of Surrey, UK, and has proven to have good applicability in both universities.
Research and Development for the Risk Assessment System of City Gas Transmission and Distribution Networks

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The paper discusses the basic theory of risk assessment and improves the method proposed by W. Kent Muhlbauer through analyzing and studying a large number of documentation, including the method of risk assessment and development of system. The risk assessment index-system is determined by the method of multiple analysis and Delphi. Based on the method, the risk assessment system of city gas transmission and distribution networks is developed, which realizes the functions of risk source management, risk analysis, system management and so on.
Urbanization、farmland requisition and compensation to the farmers

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The government commandecing of farmland at low costs for the purpose of expansion of the city does not bring out cheap products for city dwellers.The fact results from defective system of farmland requisition and compensateion , which contribustes to high transition costs . The root of this problem lies in the present instituteion of the farmland property rights.The key steps to tackle the problem are to develop the farmland property rights and give the farmers the rights to detevmine how to use their land.
TRL PPR 141. New pattern recognition methods and the detection of edge deterioration

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

To provide information on edge deterioration for the UK, inspectors carry out visual inspections on foot. In these inspections the deterioration of the road edge and adjacent verge is assessed by visual observation, and the rutting in the verge is either estimated, or measured using a straight edge and wedge. defects are located by their distance from the start of each road section surveyed, and this distance is measured with a hand pushed surveying wheel. The disadvantage of manual inspections lie in the fact that they are time consuming, hazardous, subjective and disruptive to traffic. It is clear that a faster, safer and more objective survey pould offer a desirable alternative to these manual surveys. However, such facilities are not provided by current traffic surveys. The main project aim is to investigate experimentally if deterioration of the road edge can be automatically identified and quantified using image and profile data collected using traffic-speed techniques
The inhibitory effects of siRNA expression vector on the expression of avUCP gene

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

To investigate the inhibitory effects of RNAi(RNA interference) expression vector on the expression of avUCP gene.Four siRNA expression vectors(A,B,C and D) were constructed to be aimed directly at avUCP gene.The recombinants were transfected into myofibroblast with liposomes.Expression of avUCP was detected with fluorescence quantitative PCR(FQ-PCR)and flow cytometry.Four kinds of expression vectors could reduce the expression of avUCP mRNA and protein all in myofibroblast.The expression of avUCP mRNA reduced to 14.6% of control group,and the protein inhibition ratio reached 93.7%.The RNAi expression vector can effectively inhibit the expression of avUCP gene.
Optimizing Multivariate Performance Measures from Multi-View Data

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

To date, many machine learning applications have multiple views of features, and different applications require specific multivariate performance measures, such as the F-score for retrieval. However, existing multivariate performance measure optimization methods are limited to single-view data, while traditional multi-view learning methods cannot optimize multivariate performance measures directly. To fill this gap, in this paper, we propose the problem of optimizing multivariate performance measures from multi-view data, and an effective method to solve it. We propose to learn linear discriminant functions for different views, and combine them to construct an overall multivariate mapping function for multi-view data. To learn the parameters of the linear discriminant functions of different views to optimize a given multivariate performance measure, we formulate an optimization problem. In this problem, we propose to minimize the complexity of the linear discriminant function of each view, promote the consistency of the responses of different views over the same data points, and minimize the upper boundary of the corresponding loss of a given multivariate performance measure. To optimize this problem, we develop an iterative cutting-plane algorithm. Experiments on four benchmark data sets show that it not only outperforms traditional single-view based multivariate performance optimization methods, but also achieves better results than ordinary multi-view learning methods.