jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Multiple Enzyme Activities of Escherichia coli MutT Protein for Sanitization of DNA and RNA Precursor Pools

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

8-OxoGua (8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine) is produced in nucleic acids as well as in nucleotide pools of cells, by reactive oxygen species normally formed during cellular metabolic processes. MutT protein of Escherichia coli specifically degrades 8-oxoGua-containing deoxyribo- and ribonucleoside triphosphates to corresponding nucleoside monophosphates, thereby preventing misincorporation of 8-oxoGua into DNA and RNA, which would cause mutation and phenotypic suppression, respectively. Here, we report that the MutT protein has additional activities for cleaning up the nucleotide pools to ensure accurate DNA replication and transcription. It hydrolyzes 8-oxo-dGDP to 8-oxo-dGMP with a K(m) of 0.058 microM, a value considerably lower than that for its normal counterpart, dGDP (170 microM). Furthermore, the MutT possesses an activity to degrade 8-oxo-GDP to the related nucleoside monophosphate, with a K(m) value 8000 times lower than that for GDP. These multiple enzyme activities of the MutT protein would facilitate the high fidelity of DNA and RNA syntheses.
Biometric Verification by Fusing Hand Geometry and Palmprint

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents a biometric recognition system with fusion of hand geometry and palmprint of a human hand based on wavelet transform and statistical moments. The feature extraction module adopts the gradient direction (i.e., angle) and quadratic spline function of wavelet transform as the discriminating texture features in palmprint, and the statistical moments calculated from hand geometry. The system generates the palmprint feature codes using a binary gray encoding. The recognition rates up to 94.17%, 95.50%, 96.67%, and 98.33%, respectively, using different feature extraction methods may be achieved.
Mainstream and alternative sources of finance in Dutch agriculture

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

In this paper mainstream and alternative sources of finance in Dutch agriculture are analysed. Dutch farmers make use of different sources of finance whereby bank loans continue to serve as the major source of debt financing. The average bank loan was approximately 740, 000 euro per farm in 2015 while equity amounted 1.8 million euro per farm. Traditional family loans amounted about 60, 000 euro per farm. Recent developments in, and examples of, alternative sources of finance indicate that the diversity will increase in the future, whereby various forms of financing will be used simultaneously. This can also be of interest for mainstream banks since their funding capacity is becoming more restricted as they are required to retain more capital to comply with the Basel Accords. The prospects for crowdfunding in agriculture are promising for projects relating to sales in niche markets. The relative low return on equity in agriculture indicates that private equity or venture capital is often not a viable option.
Control of Diamondback Moth on Cabbage, 1979

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract The test was located at the Agricultural Experiment Station in Inarajan, Guam. Seedlings were transplanted into the field (volcanic ash with a Mariana limestone base) on Nov 8, 1978. Each plot consisted of 3 rows 12 ft long and 4 ft apart. Each row consisted of 6 plants. Four plots were Ruby Ball and 4 plots were C-O. The 2 varieties were equally represented in the experiment; 2 C-O plots and 2 Ruby Ball plots received the Orthene treatment and 2 plots of each variety were controls. Treatments were applied with a solo backpack sprayer 425 starting Jan 31, 1979, and continued every 4 days until Feb 15, 1979. Diamondback damage was assessed on Feb 15, 1979, by counting the number of larvae per plant and then determining the percentage of infested heads.
Turning the Tables: State and Society in South America's Economic Integration

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article analyzes the politics of South American economic integration by considering the recent dynamics of the Southern Common Market (Mercosur). It focuses on the three most important countries in that process: Argentina, Brazil, and Chile. It demonstrates that contrary to received wisdom about the strength of states and societies in these three countries, the Mercosur process illustrates surprising strength on the part of states in Argentina and Brazil, and surprising strength of civil society in the Chilean case. To demonstrate this argument, it analyzes two key aspects of the integration process: the initiation of the common market project by Argentina and Brazil, and the decision by Chile to join Mercosur as an associate member.
Mapping the minimum domain of the fibronectin binding site on transglutaminase 2 (TG2) and its importance in mediating signaling, adhesion, and migration in TG2‐expressing cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT The interaction between the enzyme transglutaminase 2 (TG2) and fibronectin (FN) is involved in the cell‐matrix interactions that regulate cell signaling, adhesion, and migration and play central roles in pathologic conditions, particularly fibrosis and cancer. A precise definition of the exact interaction domains on both proteins could provide a tool to design novel molecules with potential therapeutic applications. Although specific residues involved in the interaction within TG2 have been analyzed, little is known regarding the TG2 binding site on FN. This site has been mapped to a large internal 45‐kDa protein fragment coincident with the gelatin binding domain (GBD). With the goal of defining the minimal FN interacting domain for TG2, we produced several expression constructs encoding different portions or modules of the GBD and tested their binding and functional properties. The results demonstrate that the I 8 module is necessary and sufficient for TG2‐binding in vitro , but does not have functional effects on TG2‐expressing cells. Modules I 7 and I 9 increase the strength of the binding and are required for cell adhesion. A 15‐kDa fragment encompassing modules I 7–9 behaves as the whole 45‐kDa GBD and mediates signaling, adhesion, spreading, and migration of TG2 + cells. This study provides new insights into the mechanism for TG2 binding to FN.—Soluri, M. F., Boccafoschi, F., Cotella, D., Moro, L., Forestieri, G., Autiero, I., Cavallo, L., Oliva, R., Griffin, M., Wang, Z., Santoro, C., Sblattero, D. Mapping the minimum domain of the fibronectin binding site on transglutaminase 2 (TG2) and its importance in mediating signaling, adhesion, and migration in TG2‐expressing cells. FASEB J. 33, 2327–2342 (2019). www.fasebj.org
Unconventional Split Aptamers Cleaved at Functionally Essential Sites Preserve Biorecognition Capability

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Split aptamers (SPAs) are a pair of oligonucleotide fragments generated by cleaving a long parent aptamer. SPAs have many compelling advantages over the parent aptamer such as sandwich target binding, optimized concise structure, and low cost. However, only a limited number of SPAs have been developed so far because the traditional theory restricts the splitting to the functionally dispensable site that many parent aptamers do not possess. In this work, the traditional mechanism and hypothesis that SPAs can also be generated by splitting the parent aptamer at the functionally essential site while still preserving the biorecognition capability are challenged. To prove the hypothesis, three SPAs with Broken initial small-molecule binding Pockets (BPSPAs) are discovered and their binding capabilities are validated both in the wet lab and in silico. An allosteric binding mechanism of BPSPAs, in which a new binding pocket is formed upon the target binding, is revealed by all-atom microsecond-scale molecular dynamics simulations. Our work highlights the important role of MD simulations in predicting the ligand binding potency with functional nucleic acids at the molecular level. The findings will greatly promote discovery of new SPAs and their applications in molecular sensing in many fields.
Two dimensional materials, nanoparticles and their heterostructures for nanoelectronics and spintronics

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Cette these porte sur l’etude du transport de charge et de spin dans les nanostructures 0D, 2D et les heterostructures 2D-0D de Van der Waals (h-VdW). Les nanocristaux perovskite de La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 ont revele des magnetoresistances (MR) exceptionnelles a basse temperature resultant de l’aimantation de leur coquille independamment du coeur ferromagnetique. Les transistors a effet de champ a base de MoSe2 ont permis d’elucider les mecanismes d’injection de charge a l’interface metal/semiconducteur 2D. Une methode de fabrication des h-VdW adaptes a l’electronique a un electron est rapportee et basee sur la croissance d’amas d’Al auto-organises a la surface du graphene et du MoS2. La transparence des materiaux 2D au champ electrique permet de moduler efficacement l’etat electrique des amas par la tension de grille arriere donnant lieu aux fonctionnalites de logique a un electron. Les dispositifs a base de graphene presentent des MR attribuees aux effets magneto-Coulomb anisotropiques.
A clustering-based reinforcement learning approach for tailored personalization of e-Health interventions

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Personalization is very powerful in improving the effectiveness of health interventions. Reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms are suitable for learning these tailored interventions from sequential data collected about individuals. However, learning can be very fragile. The time to learn intervention policies is limited as disengagement from the user can occur quickly. Also, in e-Health intervention timing can be crucial before the optimal window passes. We present an approach that learns tailored personalization policies for groups of users by combining RL and clustering. The benefits are two-fold: speeding up the learning to prevent disengagement while maintaining a high level of personalization. Our clustering approach utilizes dynamic time warping to compare user trajectories consisting of states and rewards. We apply online and batch RL to learn policies over clusters of individuals and introduce our self-developed and publicly available simulator for e-Health interventions to evaluate our approach. We compare our methods with an e-Health intervention benchmark. We demonstrate that batch learning outperforms online learning for our setting. Furthermore, our proposed clustering approach for RL finds near-optimal clusterings which lead to significantly better policies in terms of cumulative reward compared to learning a policy per individual or learning one non-personalized policy across all individuals. Our findings also indicate that the learned policies accurately learn to send interventions at the right moments and that the users workout more and at the right times of the day.
Studying Information Technology in Organizations: Research Approaches and Assumptions

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We examined 155 information systems research articles published from 1983 to 1988 and found that although this research is not rooted in a single over-arching theoretical perspective, it does exhibit a single set of philosophical assumptions regarding the nature of the phenomena studied by information systems researchers, and what constitutes valid knowledge about those phenomena. We believe that a single research perspective for studying information systems phenomena is unnecessarily restrictive, and argue that there exist other philosophical assumptions that can inform studies of the relationships between information technology, people, and organizations. In this paper, we present two additional research philosophies for consideration-the interpretive and the critical-and for each we provide empirical examples to illustrate how they are used. We conclude by suggesting that much can be gained if a plurality of research perspectives is effectively employed to investigate information systems phenomena.
Experiment Examining the Progress of the GFP DNA Sequence 21013686

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

In this experiment, two recombinant plasmas containing the coding sequence (CDS) for the green fluorescent protein (GFP) have been cloned into the commercial cloning vector pJET1.2 that we use. We used three different molecular methods to determine which way the GFP DNA sequence was going. Extending a gene’s expression by means of amplification using polymerase chain reaction. It was discovered that bacteria streaking allowed us to see and compare the variation in fluorescence level expressed in a regular plasma vector and an expression vector. As a result of their widespread utility, restriction enzymes have established themselves as a staple in the toolkit of each self-respecting molecular scientist. Different restriction enzymes are more suited for certain jobs than others due to subtle distinctions in their recognition sites and cutting mechanisms.
To Sleep, Perchance to Dream: Ay, There's the Rub

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Sleep is a complex physiological process essential to sustain life. Very little is known about why we sleep, although evidence of the harmful effects of sleep disturbance to our health is rapidly emerging. Sleep disturbance is a distinct and debilitating symptom of shoulder pathology. The important relationship between sleep and pain is only beginning to be appreciated, and the physiological process underlying this feature in shoulder pain remains elusive. A number of theories have been explored; however, there is still no adequate solution to address this important symptom in painful conditions of the shoulder.
Restaurant customers segmentation based on serving robots" attributes evaluation

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

본 연구는 인공지능(AI) 기술의 발전과 비대면서비스가 선호되고 있는 현실에 맞추어, 인간의 삶과 공존하게 될 서빙로봇의 속성을 검증하고 이에 따른 고객 세분화를 수행하였다. 외식업계에서 서빙로봇을 사용해본 경험이 있는 294명의 고객을 대상으로 최종 분석을 실시하였다. 분석에는 SPSS 통계 프로그램의 빈도분석, 기술통계분석, 신뢰도분석, 탐색적 요인분석, 군집분석, ANOVA, Scheffe 테스트, 교차분석을 수행하였다. 분석결과, 첫째, 서빙로봇의 속성은 의인관, 활동성, 호감성, 지능, 안전성으로 검증되었다. 둘째, 검증된 속성을 바탕으로 군집분석을 실시하여 3개의 군집이 도출되었다. 군집1은 ‘고평가’ 집단, 군집2는 ‘중간평가’ 집단, 군집3은 ‘저평가’ 집단으로 구분되었고, 군집별로 다양한 특성을 나타내는 결과가 확인되었다. 셋째, 전체 표본 중, ‘고평가’ 집단의 비율이 가장 낮게 나타났고, ‘고평가’ 집단의 경우 남성의 비율이 월등히 높게 확인되었다. 연령은 ‘고평가’ 집단의 경우는 고른 분포를 보였고, ‘중간평가’과 ‘저평가’ 집단의 경우 30대의 비율이 높게 나타났다. ‘고평가’ 집단은 월 소득이 높은 고객의 비율이 가장 높았고, 서빙로봇 사용 횟수도 높은 것으로 분석되었다. 그러나, 결혼여부, 교육수준, 직업, 거주지, 레스토랑 타입에 따른 집단 간 차이는 확인되지 않았다. 본 연구는 다양한 학술적, 실무적 시사점을 도출하였음에도 불구하고 여러 한계점 또한 보이고 있다.
Design Simulation and Optimization of Germanium-Based Solar Cells with Micro-Nano Cross-Cone Absorption Structure

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, germanium-based solar cells were designed based on germanium (Ge) materials, and the cross-cone (CC) nanostructures were used as the absorber layer of the solar cells. The optical path inside the absorber layer was increased by microstructure reflection, thereby increasing the absorption efficiency of the germanium-based solar cell. The reflectivity, transmittance, electric field and magnetic field of the corresponding position of the device were simulated and calculated by the finite difference time domain (FDTD) method. By simulating doping and simulating the external potential difference, the short-circuit current density (JSC), open-circuit voltage (VOC), output power and photoelectric conversion efficiency (η) of the device were calculated. The study found that for the entire study wavelength range (300–1600 nm), the transmittance of the device was close to none, and the average light absorption rate under air mass 1.5 global (AM1.5G) was 94.6%. In the light wavelength range from 310 nm to 1512 nm with a width of 1201 nm, the absorption rate was greater than 90%, which is in line with the high absorption of the broadband. Among them, the absorption rate at 886 nm reached 99.84%, the absorption rate at 1016 nm reached 99.89%, and the absorption rate at 1108 nm reached 99.997%, which is close to full absorption. By exploring the electrical performance of the device under different Ge nanostructure parameters, a germanium-based solar cell device under the nanocross-cone absorption structure array with both high-efficiency light absorption and excellent electrical performance was finally obtained. The study shows that the VOC of its single-junction cell was 0.31 V, JSC reached 45.5 mA/cm2, and it had a fill factor (FF) of 72.7% and can achieve a photoelectric conversion efficiency of 10.3%, surpassing the performance of most Ge solar cells today.
ENGINEERING ESTIMATION OF THE LOWER BOUND TOUGHNESS IN THE TRANSITION REGIME OF FERRITIC STEELS

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A simple engineering method for estimating a lower bound fracture toughness in the ductile‐to‐brittle transition region is presented. It is based on empirical evidence that the lower tail of the failure probability versus fracture toughness curve tends to be a straight line rather than a Weibull curve. Fitting the lower tail by a straight line, however, gives an engineering lower bound at a theoretical failure probability of zero. The method enables one to obtain lower bounds using small data sets of three or four specimens.
Condensate Impact on Air Friction of Plate Fin-Tube Heat Exchangers

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Experimental tests on the air friction of several plate fin-tube heat exchangers were conducted under dry-surface and wet-surface conditions. The impacts of face velocity and condensate rate on the air friction were investigated through the tests. Under dry-surface conditions, the standard face velocity changed from 100 to 2,000 FPM. Under wet-surface conditions, the standard face velocity changed from 300 to 500 FPM. The inlet relative humidity changed from 30% to 90%. Under dry-surface conditions, air-friction is a function of face velocity. Tube size, tube pattern, fin density, number of rows, fin thickness and surface geometry also have an impact on the air friction. Under wet-surface conditions, the additional impact from condensate rate on air friction was found through the experimental tests. At 300 FPM face velocity, the air friction increased as the condensate flow rate increased. When the condensate rate reached a certain level, further increasing of condensate rate did not cause higher air friction. At 480 FPM face velocity, the air friction continuously increased as the condensate rate increased. Condensate carryover was found in such high face velocity conditions and is considered to be the reason.
A comparative study between the variable sampling interval X and Double Sampling X Charts

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

The Shewhart X̅ control chart is a useful process monitoring tool in manufacturing industries to detect the presence of assignable causes. However, it is insensitive in detecting small process shifts. To circumvent this problem, adaptive control charts are suggested. An adaptive chart enables at least one of the chart's parameters to be adjusted to increase the chart's sensitivity. Two common adaptive charts that exist in the literature are the double sampling (DS) X̅ and variable sampling interval (VSI) X̅ charts. This paper compares the performances of the DS X̅ and VSI X̅ charts, based on the average time to signal (ATS) criterion. The ATS profiles of the DS X̅ and VSI X̅ charts are obtained using the Mathematica and Statistical Analysis System (SAS) programs, respectively. The results show that the VSI X̅ chart is generally superior to the DS X̅ chart.
Acute Responses of Lipid and Lipoprotein Metabolism Following Aerobic Exercise in Women Who are Obese

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abdominal obesity and a sedentary lifestyle have been associated with dyslipidemia and the small, dense low-density lipoprotein phenotype thereby promoting an increased risk for coronary heart disease. Serum triglyceride and high density lipoprotein-cholesterol concentrations have been shown to improve following a single bout of aerobic exercise of sufficient energy expenditure in men. The response of lipid and lipoproteins to aerobic exercise in women, however, is not clearly defined, especially in women who are at risk for metabolic disease. PURPOSE: The purpose of this investigation was to quantify the effects of a single bout of aerobic exercise on lipid and lipoprotein metabolism in women who are sedentary and obese. METHODS: Women who were premenopausal, non-smoking, sedentary and obese (n=19; mean±SD, age=29.5±7.8 yrs, BMI=35.0±5.9 kg·m−2, WC=110.9±12.5 cm, %BF = 49.9 ± 5.8%, VO2peak=27.7±3.4 mL·kg−1·min−1) completed randomly assigned exercise and resting protocols. Each participant performed a single bout of treadmill exercise at ∼70% VO2peak until 500 kcal were expended. The resting protocol consisted of a 60 minute seated rest. Fasting (12h) blood samples were collected immediately prior to, 24 and 48 hr following the exercise and resting sessions. Serum was analyzed for total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL-C, HDL-C, HDL2-C and HDL3-C concentrations and mean LDL, HDL2 and HDL3 particle size and distribution. A 2 (trial) × 3 (time) ANOVA with repeated measures was performed. The criterion reference for statistical significance was set at a p<.05. RESULTS: No significant changes in the measured lipid and lipoprotein parameters were observed between trials or at 24 and 48 hr following the exercise session. CONCLUSION: In contrast to previously published data in men, a single bout of treadmill exercise at ∼70% VO2peak expending 500 kcal was insufficient to modify lipid and lipoprotein metabolism in women who are sedentary and obese. Supported by the TWU Research Enhancement Program.
HRIS SOLUTIONS FOR WORKFORCE OPTIMIZATION: LEVERAGING SCALABLE ARCHITECTURES

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Human Resource Information Systems (HRIS) have emerged as critical tools in managing workforce dynamics, integrating functionalities such as payroll, employee engagement, and workforce analytics. Despite advancements, achieving scalability, real-time data processing, and seamless integration remains a challenge. This research explores scalable HRIS architectures, focusing on AI-driven insights, robust CI/CD pipelines, and multi-modal trust frameworks to enhance workforce optimization. Using Jenkins and Kubernetes for deployment, the study demonstrates improved operational efficiency, reduced downtime, and enhanced employee satisfaction. Quantitative and qualitative analyses validate the effectiveness of these architectures, offering a blueprint for future HRIS developments.