jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
555 Disaccharidase Dilemma in Adults: Utility of Routine Assays in Diagnostic Upper Endoscopies

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

INTRODUCTION: Disaccharidase assay for evaluating abdominal pain has been well studied in the pediatric population. Deficiency of lactase or sucrase-isomaltase can present with chronic diarrhea, flatulence, abdominal pain, and bloating in such patients. However, the prevalence of disaccharidase deficiencies in adult populations with such symptoms has not been well delineated. METHODS: Distal duodenal specimens from 100 patients with above symptoms, who underwent an upper endoscopy (EGD) at an outpatient facility were submitted for disaccharidase assay. Standardized laboratory cut off values were used to determine disaccharidase levels that were outside the normal range. Statistical analysis was done to determine the frequencies of abnormal disaccharidases. Analysis of the group, with normal or low lactase/sucrase and presenting clinical features, was performed. RESULTS: Mean age of study patients was 52 years and 46% of the patients were male. The racial distribution was as follows: 45% White, 23% Hispanic, 18% Asian, 6% Black, 8% other. Table 1 shows the frequencies of normal and low values for these patients. 84% of the cohort had low lactase, 21% had low sucrase, and 11% had all 4 values in normal range. Figure 2 shows the distribution of the remaining patients who had at least 1 abnormal disaccharide. CONCLUSION: The association between abdominal symptoms and carbohydrate malabsorption in adults is widely recognized, but testing is rarely performed by gastroenterologists in clinical practice. Dietary recommendations are often made empirically. We investigated the prevalence of low disaccharidase levels in the adult population with above symptoms. Besides lactase deficiency, a significant number of patients also had deficiency of sucrase, maltase and palatinase. While this study cannot establish a causal relationship between low levels noted and patient symptoms, this information can be used to recommend appropriate diets or the use of lactase and sucrase enzyme supplements offering a more selective approach in patient care.
Verbal Communication Styles and Culture

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

A communication style is the way people communicate with others, verbally and nonverbally. It combines both language and nonverbal cues and is the meta-message that dictates how listeners receive and interpret verbal messages. Of the theoretical perspectives proposed to understand cultural variations in communication styles, the most widely cited one is the differentiation between high-context and low-context communication by Edward Hall, in 1976. Low-context communication is used predominantly in individualistic cultures and reflects an analytical thinking style, where most of the attention is given to specific, focal objects independent of the surrounding environment; high-context communication is used predominantly in collectivistic cultures and reflects a holistic thinking style, where the larger context is taken into consideration when evaluating an action or event. In low-context communication, most of the meaning is conveyed in the explicit verbal code, whereas in high-context communication, most of the information is either in the physical context or internalized in the person, with very little information given in the coded, explicit, transmitted part of the message. The difference can be further explicated through differences between communication styles that are direct and indirect (whether messages reveal or camouflage the speaker’s true intentions), self-enhancing and self-effacing (whether messages promote or deemphasize positive aspects of the self), and elaborate and understated (whether rich expressions or extensive use of silence, pauses, and understatements characterize the communication). These stylistic differences can be attributed to the different language structures and compositional styles in different cultures, as many studies supporting the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis have shown. These stylistic differences can become, in turn, a major source of misunderstanding, distrust, and conflict in intercultural communication. A case in point is how the interethnic clash between Israeli Jews and Palestinian Arabs can be exacerbated by the two diametrically opposite communication patterns they each have, dugri (straight talk) and musayra (to accommodate or “to go along with”). Understanding differences in communication styles and where these differences come from allows us to revise the interpretive frameworks we tend to use to evaluate culturally different others and is a crucial step toward gaining a greater understanding of ourselves and others.
Legislation Introduced to Spur Ebola Treatments and Vaccines

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Effects Of Short-Term Exercise Training On Platelet Function And Plasma Total Antioxidant Status

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Platelets are implicated in the pathophysiology of numerous conditions including coronary heart disease. Therefore, prevention of enhanced platelet activation is a major therapeutic strategy to prevent platet aggregation. At present, the effects of physical training on platelet function remains controversial with some studies reporting exercise-induced increases in platelet activation whereas other studies contend that exercise reduces platelet activation at rest and in response to intense exercise. PURPOSE The present study determined whether a short-term exercise training protocol is capable of increasing plasma total antioxidant status (TAS) and desensitising platelets. Importantly, we also examined the relationship between plasma TAS and platelet responsiveness. METHODS Adult male Sprague-Dawley ratswere randomly divided into short-term training and control groups. Rats in the short-term training group performed an exercise protocol consisting of three bouts of treadmill running on three consecutive days (30 min/day at 25 m/min). Blood samples were taken twenty-four hours following the last bout of exercise. ADP, collagen-induced maximal platelet an aggregation rates, and platelet ATP release were measured in whole blood. Plasma TAS were measured in plasma. RESULTS Compared with the control group, exercise trained rats had higher plasma TAS and lower ADP-induced platelet ATP release (p <0.05). A negative correlation was observed between plasma TAS and ADP-induced ATP release from platelets. Finally, the exercise training protocol did not elicit significant changes (p>0.05) in aggreagation response and collagen-induced ATP released. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that shortterm training enhances plasma antioxidant defenses. Nonetheless, our data suggest that exercise-induced improvements in plasma TAS cannot completely explain the observed exercise-induced changes in platelet activation.
The asexual morph and molecular phylogeny of endemic <i>Phyllactinia verruculosa </i>on <i>Indigofera tinctoria</i>

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Phyllactinia verruculosa is a powdery mildew species (Erysiphaceae, tribe Phyllactinieae) so far only known from its type material collected in China on Indigofera scabrida in 1992, which only comprised the sexual morph. Two asexual morph samples were observed, one was collected on I. tinctoria on the campus of Guizhou University, Guiyang, China, and another one, on I. scabrida, was borrowed from Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences. The anamorphic characters were observed, described and illustrated. The phylogenetic analysis of the combination of internal transcribed spacer regions (ITS) and 28S rDNA sequences showed that Ph. verruculosa is phylogenetically distantly related from other Phyllactinia species. To our knowledge, this is the first record of the asexual morph and first ITS+28S sequences for Ph. verruculosa, and I. tinctoria is a new host record for this species.
Source data for all figures from "Structured Dendritic Inhibition Supports Branch-selective Integration in CA1 Pyramidal Cells" by Bloss et al (2016).

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

This file contains the source data for all figures from "Structured Dendritic Inhibition Supports Branch-selective Integration in CA1 Pyramidal Cells" by Bloss et al (2016). Each tab relates to a figure (Figures 1-5 and Figures S1-S5). Where applicable, the group mean, SD, and N have been provided.
Coping with the crisis and export diversification

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Abstract Using a highly disaggregated firm–product–destination level data from Denmark, we analyse how Danish exporters responded to the global recession in 2008–09 and the recovery that followed. We show that firms reacted mainly by adjusting their scale of export shipments and by extending their export portfolio outside of their core products and markets. More importantly, we also find that export diversification into fast‐growing economies like China was associated with better export growth performance. Hence, trade reorientation beyond traditional market destinations accelerated export growth and as such constitutes an important mechanism for understanding the various determinants of firm heterogeneity.
The Integration of Dictionary Use Strategy Training into Basic English Class

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Based on the previous research which showed that students knew little about effective ways of dictionary consultation due to the lack of formal dictionary use training, the author worked out specific teaching contents and approaches on dictionary use strategy training, and systematically carried them out among 80 first-year English majors by integrating the training into their Basic English class.The follow-up interview showed that students' efficiency in using dictionaries and their independent language learning had been improved through the training.
Effect of size sorting on the survival, growth and cannibalism in pikeperch (Sander lucioperca L.) larvae during intensive culture in RAS

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The aim of the experiment was to determine the impact of sorting on the growth, survival, and cannibalism of pikeperch larvae during intensive culture in recirculation systems. Larvae aged 48 days post-hatch (DPH) were reared in three groups - small specimens (group S - average body weight 40 mg), large specimens (group L - average body weight 76 mg), and unsorted ones (group U - average body weight 55 mg). After three weeks of rearing, there were no statistically significant differences in specific growth rates among the groups. However, increases in biomass were higher in the sorted groups. Survival exceeded 50% in the sorted groups and 39% in group U. Higher cannibalism was noted in group U than in the sorted groups. Significant differences among the sorted groups were observed in cannibalism, which was higher in group L, and in natural and manipulation losses, which were higher in group S (P < 0.05). During the first two weeks of rearing, the lowest cannibalism rates were observed in group S, the difference between groups S and U was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The results of the experiment indicate that the sorting of pikeperch larvae has a positive impact on the survival rate, however, it has no impact on growth during their rearing in the RAS.
Breast Cancer and Precursor Lesions

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Precursor lesions of the breast involved in the development of some pure forms of special types of low grade breast carcinoma in-situ and invasive carcinomas. This study was undertaken to determine the morphologic features and frequency of these lesions to suggest that they represent a family members of low grade precursor for in-situ and invasive neoplastic lesions of the breast.
We reviewed 186 cases of breast cancer diagnosed on January 2010 to April 2011 at the Department of Pathology, Hassan II teaching hospital, Fez, Morocco. Columnar cell lesions (CCLs), usual epithelial hyperplasia, ductal carcinoma in- situ (DCIS), and lobular neoplasia (LN) was determined. Histological grading and immunohistochemical profile were studied. The epidemiological statistics were carried out using Epi-Info (version 3.5.4).
Ductal carcinoma in-situ (DCIS) was determined in 41%, columnar cell lesions (CCLs) in 18%, usual epithelial hyperplasia in 6%, lobular neoplasia (LN) in 3%, adenosis (3%) and fibrocystic mastopathy (2%). Some lesions were not observed with the lobular carcinoma like usual epithelial hyperplasia and adenosis. The histological grade distribution for precursor lesion were grade I in 64% followed by grade II in 26% and grade III in 20% (p<0.0005). Luminal A subtype was associated with pre-invasive lesion in 62%, followed by luminal B subtype (41%), Her 2-overexpressing (46%) and basal-like subtype (34%). In this study we cannot demonstrate the significant association between usual epithelial hyperplasia and the molecular subtype, neither between molecular subtype and columnar cell lesions.
We have shown that epithelial atypia maybe intermediate state but not obligatory for some invasive breast cancer, a number of them can influence the molecular subtype.
Aero-Optical Measurements of High-Mach Supersonic Boundary Layers

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Aero-optical measurements of a boundary layer at high supersonic speeds of M = 3.0 and 4.3 were performed in the Trisonic Wind Tunnel at the US Air Force Academy. Overall levels of aero-optical distortions, convective speeds and the aperture functions were calculated from the data. It was found that the statistics of the aero-optical distortions were similar to subsonic boundary layers. Several modified models were shown to properly predict aerooptical levels of boundary layers up to M = 5. As a separate experiment, a wedge model was placed inside the tunnel to study the aero-optical effects of the attached oblique shock. Aerooptical structures with an abnormally-low convective speed were observed in the laser beam traversing the oblique shock around the wedge. These structures were speculated to be related to convecting unsteady distortions imposed on the oblique shock by the naturallyvibrating wedge.
The Use of Simulation and Deep Learning Models in the Endovascular Treatment of Ruptured Intracranial Aneurysms: A Case Report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Introduction The current paper presents an examination of the emerging role of deep learning-based simulation software in enhancing preprocedural planning for intracranial aneurysm treatment using flow diverters. Intracranial aneurysms pose significant risk due to their potential rupture leading to life-threatening subarachnoid hemorrhage. Innovative endovascular treatment options like flow diverters, which redirect blood flow and promote healing, are gaining attention. The role of simulation software in optimizing these procedures is becoming increasingly crucial. Case presentation This study involves a 47-year-old female patient diagnosed with an intracranial aneurysm. Through diagnostic angiography and 3D rotational angiography imaging, the complex aneurysm anatomy was determined and the need for flow diverter placement ascertained. The Sim&Size™ software was used to simulate the size and placement of the flow diverter, based on the patient’s specific vascular anatomy. The procedure, including the placement of the flow diverter as per the simulation, was successful. Conclusion The Sim&Size™ simulation software significantly contributes to the enhancement of intracranial aneurysm treatment planning. By providing patient-specific simulations, it improves procedural precision and reduces the risk of complications, thus potentially optimizing patient outcomes. However, the quality of the simulation is contingent on the accuracy of the input data, and it does not account for physiological dynamics. Despite these limitations, this tool represents a promising development in neurointerventional practice.
ACE-1: GOES-7 Visible R/V Discoverer Floater Sector Imagery. Version 1.0

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

GOES-7 Visible (VIS) imagery collected during the ACE-1 transect period via McIDAS-X, then converted to GIF image format. These images consist of a 2000 x 2000 km sector, 2-km resolution every hour (daylight hours) which followed the transect of the R/V Discoverer from Seattle to Hobart, Tasmania. Digital McIDAS Area format data files were collected hourly at OFPS from which these GIF images were created.
The role of netrin G1-netrin-G-ligand-1 in schizophrenia

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

A BSTRACT Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a chronic psychotic disorder that profoundly alters an individual’s perception of reality, resulting in abnormal behavior, cognitive deficits, thought distortions, and disorientation in emotions. Many complicated factors can lead to SCZ, and investigations are ongoing to understand the neurobiological underpinnings of this condition. Presynaptic Netrin G1 and its cognate partner postsynaptic Netrin-G-Ligand-1 (NGL-1) have been implicated in SCZ. This review article emphasized the structure and expression of Netrin G1/NGL-1 in the brain, its dysregulation in SCZ patients, and its role in synaptic plasticity, synaptic interaction, learning and memory, microglia neurotrophic activity, and possible signaling between Netrin G1/NGL-1, postsynaptic density protein 95, and cyclin-dependent kinase-like 5 in synaptic morphogenesis. Pharmaceutical targets and the potential use of Netrin G1/NGL-1 as treatment targets or biomarkers for SCZ were also discussed.
RITUAL OF HUMAN SACRIFICE IN AZERBAIJAN BURIALS DURING THE LATE BRONZE – EARLY IRON AGES

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Burial customs such as inhumation and cremation were studied in a large number of kurgans, stone-box and earthen graves belonging to Khojaly-Gadabay, Nakhchivan and Talish - Mughan archaeological cultures in Azerbaijan, as well as cenotaph and skeletonless graves were studied. The dead were buried in different directions, situations, alone, in pairs, or collectively. The custom of human sacrifice in the territory of Azerbaijan was observed in the Boyuk Borsunlu, Akhmakhi, Baimsarov, Dovshanli, Garabulag, Sarichoban kurgans, Ganja and Goygol kurgans, as well as Veri, Joni, Chilakhana, Shir-shir and other stone box graves. Besides the main corpse, the sacrifices who will accompany him to the hereafter, are also buried. One of the facts proving the sacrifice of foreign slaves is the anthropological features of the sacrifices in the Akhmakhi kurgans number 1 and 2. Another interesting fact is that in such graves, the main corpse was usually buried in an extended position, while the accompanying corpses were buried in a seated position. These monuments, which date back to the end of the 2nd millennium and the beginning of the 1st millennium B.C., give an idea of not only the religious outlook, socio-economic situation, but also the military situation of the people of that time.
Experimental investigations for the modelling of anhydritic swelling claystones

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Anhydritic claystones are highly problematic for underground construction because of their swelling ability: When the rock comes into contact with water, the rock volume expands due to swelling of both clay as well as anhydrite. When the expansion is restricted, e.g., by an invert arch in tunneling, the swelling rocks can exert high pressures on the lining and damage the structure. The swelling behavior of purely argillaceous rock (containing solely swelling clays and no anhydrite) can be attributed mainly to osmotic processes and is well understood for the conceptual design of tunnels, as opposed to the swelling of anhydrite, where considerable knowledge gaps exist. Swelling of anhydrite is caused by chemical processes: The anhydrite dissolves when it comes into contact with water, and from the dissolved ions in the pore water gypsum precipitates. The volume of gypsum is greater than that of anhydrite by 61%. During Anhydrite to Gypsum Transformation (hereafter denoted as AGT) the rock mass expands and the pore volume can also increase, for example due to cracking of the rock induced by the pressure exerted by the growing crystals upon a rigid rock structure ("crystallization pressure"). This PhD thesis seeks to establish a better understanding and quantification of the coupled chemomechanical swelling processes due to AGT and creates a basis for developing chemo-mechanical models of the swelling of anhydritic claystones. The findings from the experiments verified kinetic models and assumptions related to AGT. Moreover, the systematic experimental investigations regarding the swelling behavior of anhydrite give an indication of a stress-strain relationship which can be implemented and used as a fundamental basis for future modelling of swelling due to AGT. This is necessary for practicing engineers in order to design underground structures in anhydritic rock. Furthermore, it was shown that the swelling due to anhydrite and clay can be de-coupled by varying the testing temperatures, which changes the equilibrium concentrations.
Ultrasound hyperthermia enhances chemo‐sensitivity in oral squamous cell carcinoma by TRIF‐mediated pathway

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background Hyperthermia is currently used as an alternative to surgery or in combination with chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy in the treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma. However, little has been known about the change in chemo‐sensitivity after hyperthermia and the mechanism underlie it in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Methods The aim of this study was to explore the influence of chemo‐sensitivity of CAL ‐27 and SCC ‐4 cells by histoculture drug response assay after the animal model treated by the ultrasound hyperthermia. Then, we conducted a microarray between xenograft after hyperthermia at 42°C for 45 minutes and that with no treatment. We further confirmed the expression of TRIF in hyperthermia by immunohistochemistry, RT ‐ PCR and Western blot. Results The chemo‐sensitivity to five kinds of drugs demonstrated ultrasound hyperthermia performed in 42°C for 45 minutes would reach the highest inhibition rate in CAL ‐27 and SCC ‐4 cells. The microarray dataset revealed that 847 mRNA were upregulated and 1031 were downregulated. GO and pathway analyses indicated that they play an important role in translational initiation, nucleoplasm, and poly (A) RNA binding in the hyperthermia process. We further confirmed the expression of TRIF was downregulated in hyperthermia along with inactivation of NF ‐κB pathway. Conclusions The experiments confirms the rationality of synchronous combination of hyperthermia and chemotherapy and may provide a better treatment that the use of sensitivity testing in such cases may lead to individualized, more effective therapy.