jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
APPLICATION OF ENERGY EFFICIENT ALGORITHM - A CASE STUDY

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This Paper proposes a case study on an energy efficient routing protocol for wireless sensor nodes. This routing protocol adopts the Discrete Radio Power Allocation method which verifies that the transmission power is independent of the transmission distance up to certain limit. Here, the nodes are fixed and depending upon distance, the Power setting are made. Using this structure, the shortest path algorithm was carried out and from the results it can be proved that this method reduced the energy consumption of each node and this will increase overall efficiency of the system.
Refractive index of thin films realized by Satisloh SP reactive sputtering system

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Pulsed DC reactive sputtering is a very interesting technique for coating applications. Reactive sputtering can give very dense layers, low stress of the deposited multilayer film, high reproducibility, very high hardness (up to 1200 Vickers hardness) with unbeatable high rates ideal for industrial applications. SP-100 is Satisloh reactive sputtering systems with only one target material but can deposit various film materials simply by using different gases such as argon, as well as the reactive gases nitrogen and oxygen. Silicon-oxides, silicon-nitrides and all kinds of silicon-oxy-nitrides (SiOx-SixOyNz-SixNy) with a refractive index range of 1.44-2.05 in the visible range can be obtained. In the reactive sputtering the material it is usually deposited in the so called "transition mode" where it must be found the correct equilibrium point between the target voltage and the reactive gas flow. The transition mode assures a dense film with a stable rate. Condition to find such equilibrium point is given by the so called "material hysteresis" in which the target voltage is depicted in function of the reactive gas voltage. The hysteresis and the consequent equilibrium point are strongly depended by the power supplied to the target and the inert gas (argon) flow which could affect the optical characteristics and the deposition rate. We checked the refractive indexes of the SiOx and SixNy of very thin (1 QW Optical thickness at 520 nm) and thicker (3, 5 and 9 QW @520 nm) reporting how the different conditions can affect the refractive index and the deposition rate of the different materials.
ENHANCED ERYTHROPOIESIS WITH CONCOMITANT DIMINISHED GRANULOPOIESIS IN PREIRRADIATED RECIPIENT MICE

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Three different methods of measuring the proliferative capacity of transplanted mouse bone marrow were used to study the effects of preirradiation of the recipient. Recipient mice were exposed to 700 R and given graded numbers of syngeneic bone marrow. 7 days were allowed for proliferation of these cells, and then the granulocytic or erythrocytic progeny was measured. The former was determined by the response to endotoxin, and the latter by the incorporation of radioactive iron into newly formed red blood cells. Erythropoiesis, therefore, could be measured independently from granulopoiesis by these techniques. The third method used was the spleen colony method of Till and McCulloch (5). Recipient animals exposed to 150 R preirradiation, 7 days before 700 R and bone marrow transplantation, demonstrated an increase in erythropoiesis with a concommittant decrease in granulopoiesis compared to similar recipients not preirradiated. The spleen colony technique showed that while the number of colonies were the same in both groups, the colonies themselves were significantly larger in the preirradiated animals. Since such colonies are primarily erythropoietic, this finding is consistent with the other methods. The results can be explained by assuming the presence of a hematopoietic stem cell which, in these preirradiated recipients, is directed towards erythropoiesis at the expense of granulopoiesis.
The Thermal Decomposition of Azodicarbonamide (ADC)

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Thermal decomposition of ADC depends on processing conditions and activators or “kickers” used empirically to adjust gas yield, rate of yield, and decomposition temperature. These parameters also have a profound effect on the foaming process and foam properties. This work attempts to establish some fundamental variables by studying the effect of time, temperature and formulation on the thermal decomposition of ADC (in the absence of polymer matrix). Gas evolution rate apparatus was used to study thermal decomposition of ADC as a function of particle size and to determine the effects of introducing varying proportions of ZnO, zinc stearate and stearic acid as activators. DSC measurements were also used to study decomposition temperatures. The effect of particle aggregation on total gas yield was also investigated. It was shown that lowest decomposition temperatures of ADC alone, are achieved at lower heating rates (182°C at 0.25°C/min), whereas higher heating rates result in a significant increase of the decomposition temperature (260°C at 100°C/min). In addition, studies of total gas yield showed that the volume of gas liberated increased with increasing heating rate (from 250 cc/g at 2.5°C/ min to 350 cc/g at 11°C/min). The decomposition temperature, rate of gas yield and total gas yield are further complicated by particle size distribution, amount and type of additives used, degree of dispersion of the additives and the blowing agent, and together with processing conditions, produce a unique set of conditions controlling the decomposition behaviour.
Gauge-Invariant Noncompact Lattice Simulations

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Three techniques for performing gauge-invariant, noncompact lattice simulations of nonabelian gauge theories are discussed. In the first method, the action is not itself gauge invariant, but a kind of lattice gauge invariance is restored by random compact gauge transformations during the successive sweeps of the simulation. This method has been applied to pure $SU(2)$ gauge theory on a $12^4$ lattice, and Wilson loops have been measured at strong coupling, $β=0.5$. These Wilson loops display a confinement signal not seen in simulations performed earlier with the same action but without the random gauge transformations. In the second method, the action is gauge symmetrized by integrations over the group manifold. The third method is based upon a new, noncompact form of the action that is exactly invariant under lattice gauge transformations. The action is a natural discretization of the classical Yang-Mills action.
Supply Chain Management Based on the Sharing of Inventory Information Analysis Estimates

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This the supply chain management as a management model new rapid development, gradually become a competitive advantage to enhance the overall content of the main strategies. Supply chain services to the value of collaboration is information sharing, information sharing In this paper, the value of in-depth analysis and mining on the basis of the measured value of the establishment of a model-based service pricing model. Pricing model of its ideas and analysis of the pricing of its services and products have a strong guiding significance.
n-Type Nanostructured Thermoelectric Materials Prepared from Chemically Synthesized Ultrathin Bi2Te3 Nanoplates

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

We herein report on the large-scale synthesis of ultrathin Bi(2)Te(3) nanoplates and subsequent spark plasma sintering to fabricate n-type nanostructured bulk thermoelectric materials. Bi(2)Te(3) nanoplates were synthesized by the reaction between bismuth thiolate and tri-n-octylphosphine telluride in oleylamine. The thickness of the nanoplates was ~1 nm, which corresponds to a single layer in Bi(2)Te(3) crystals. Bi(2)Te(3) nanostructured bulk materials were prepared by sintering of surfactant-removed Bi(2)Te(3) nanoplates using spark plasma sintering. We found that the grain size and density were strongly dependent on the sintering temperature, and we investigated the effect of the sintering temperature on the thermoelectric properties of the Bi(2)Te(3) nanostructured bulk materials. The electrical conductivities increased with an increase in the sintering temperature, owing to the decreased interface density arising from the grain growth and densification. The Seebeck coefficients roughly decreased with an increase in the sintering temperature. Interestingly, the electron concentrations and mobilities strongly depended on the sintering temperature, suggesting the potential barrier scattering at interfaces and the doping effect of defects and organic residues. The thermal conductivities also increased with an increase in the sintering temperature because of grain growth and densification. The maximum thermoelectric figure-of-merit, ZT, is 0.62 at 400 K, which is one of the highest among the reported values of n-type nanostructured materials based on chemically synthesized nanoparticles. This increase in ZT shows the possibility of the preparation of highly efficient thermoelectric materials by chemical synthesis.
Policy on Child Protection During the Covid-19 Pandemic

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The increase in Covid-19 cases in Indonesia was followed by a large-scale social restriction policy that aims to break the chain of distribution.On the other hand, this policy causes violence to vulnerable groups, especially children.Based on data from the Complaints Service section of the Ministry of Women's Empowerment and Child Protection, there has been a monthly increase in cases of violence handled since March of 2020 .Writing this paper is important because this phenomenon illustrates the efforts of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia to protect children.This paper aims to find out what factors cause violence against children during the Covid-19 pandemic and how the government atempts to protect children from violence during the Covid-19 pandemic.This research was conducted using an empirical juridical method.Based on the results of rapid research, it can be concluded that the main causes of the increase in violence against children during the Covid-19 Pandemic are psychological and economic factors.Meanwhile, the efforts made by the government, in this case, the Ministry of Women's Empowerment and Child Protection, are by optimizing community-based integrated child protection.
Physiological Limits for "Subliminal" Perception

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Cortical, subcortical, and peripheral sensory nerve potentials were studied in cats to determine comparative thresholds of response. Stimuli capable of eliciting responses in peripheral nerve also invariably elicited responses from thalamus and cortex. Together with relevant data from human studies, the results indicate that stimuli subthreshold for perception do not affect the nervous system. They also have implications for studies of "subliminal" perception.
p75 Neurotrophin Receptor: A Double-Edged Sword in Pathology and Regeneration of the Central Nervous System

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The low-affinity nerve growth factor receptor p75 NTR is a major neurotrophin receptor involved in manifold and pleiotropic functions in the developing and adult central nervous system (CNS). Although known for decades, its entire functions are far from being fully elucidated. Depending on the complex interactions with other receptors and on the cellular context, p75 NTR is capable of performing contradictory tasks such as mediating cell death as well as cell survival. In parallel, as a prototype marker for certain differentiation stages of Schwann cells and related CNS aldynoglial cells, p75 NTR has recently gained increasing notice as a marker for cells with proposed regenerative potential in CNS diseases, such as demyelinating disease and traumatic CNS injury. Besides its pivotal role as a marker for transplantation candidate cells, recent studies in canine neuroinflammatory CNS conditions also highlight a spontaneous endogenous occurrence of p75 NTR -positive glia, which potentially play a role in Schwann cell–mediated CNS remyelination. The aim of the present communication is to review the pleiotropic functions of p75 NTR in the CNS with a special emphasis on its role as an immunohistochemical marker in neuropathology. Following a brief illustration of the expression of p75 NTR in neurogenesis and in developed neuronal populations, the implications of p75 NTR expression in astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and microglia are addressed. A special focus is put on the role of p75 NTR as a cell marker for specific differentiation stages of Schwann cells and a regeneration-promoting CNS population, collectively referred to as aldynoglia.
Study on Market Clearing Mechanisms for Energy and Reserve Ancillary Services with VPPs

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

The high penetration of intermittent renewable generations and the low proportion of conventional units in power system lead to a situation that it is difficult to satisfy the growing reserve demand. Therefore, the reserve capacity of virtual power plants (VPPs) needs to be adequately explored. Focusing on different stages of market development and the degree of shortage of spare resources, three different clearing mechanisms of energy and reserves with VPPs were proposed and compared in this paper. They are energy and the reserves provided by units and VPPs are cleared in sequence, and energy and reserve from units are jointly cleared first, then the reserve from VPPs is cleared separately, and energy and the reserves provided by units and VPPs are cleared jointly. The influence of the participation of VPPs on the market clearing and their cost and profit are analyzed. Finally, the improved IEEE 30-node system is used for simulation verification, and the market economy, clearing price and incentive effect of different models on VPP are discussed.
The contributing factors to mean pulmonary artery pressure in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Pulmonary hypertension is one of the main determinants of exercise limitation in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Objective: The purpose of this study was to elucidate the factors contributing to mean pulmonary artery pressure (MPAP) in IPF. Methods: Ninety-eight consecutive patients with IPF who underwent right heart catheter and cardiopulmonary exercise test were evaluated. Variables in pulmonary function test, cardiopulmonary exercise test and skeletal muscle force were included in the analysis. Results: MPAP was 18.9 ± 6.3 (9.0 - 39.0) mmHg. Diffusing capacity, PaO2 at rest, peak oxygen uptake, ventilatory efficiency, work efficiency, peak heat rate and the lowest SpO2 during exercise test were significantly correlated with MPAP. In stepwise multiple regression analysis, PaO2 at rest, the lowest SpO2 during exercise test and ventilatory efficiency were independent predictors of MPAP in IPF. Conclusions: PaO2 at rest, the lowest SpO2 and ventilatory efficiency during exercise are important contributing factors for MPAP in IPF patients.
Karp: a language for NP reductions

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In CS theory courses, NP reductions are a notorious source of pain for students and instructors alike. Invariably, students use pen and paper to write down reductions that "work" in many but not all cases. When instructors observe that a student's reduction deviates from the expected one, they have to manually compute a counterexample that exposes the mistake. In other words, NP reductions are subtle yet, most of the time, unimplemented programs. And for a good reason: there exists no language tailored to NP reductions.
Human Emotion Classification from EEG Signals Using Multiwavelet Transform

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we propose new features based on multiwavelet transform for classification of human emotions from electroencephalogram (EEG) signals. The EEG signal measures electrical activity of the brain, which contains lot of information related to emotional states. The sub-signals obtained by multiwavelet decomposition of EEG signals are plotted in a 3-D phase space diagram using phase space reconstruction (PSR). The mean and standard deviation of Euclidian distances are computed from 3-D phase space diagram. These features have been used as input features set for multiclass least squares support vector machines (MC-LS-SVM) together with the radial basis function (RBF), Mexican hat wavelet and Morlet wavelet kernel functions for classification of emotions. The proposed features based on multiwavelet transform of EEG signals with Morlet wavelet kernel function of MC-LS-SVM have provided better classification accuracy for classification of emotions.
Paget’s Disease or Erosive Adenomatosis of the Nipple? / Reply

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Letters to the Editor 55 the normal ones can possibly be associated to kidney impairment but until now the actual threshold remains unestablished.In 2 of our patients, the CPK levels largely surpassed this safety limit and required the sudden interruption of isotretinoin treatment.Even though kidney function tests were normal, and myoglobinuria was absent, mild renal damage cannot be completely ruled out.In our opinion.CPK monitoring is mandatory in all patients under going isotretinoin therapy.Medications that affect CPK release as well as exhausting exercise should be avoided during isotretinoin treatment and withdrawal of the drug is advised when CPK levels exceed 5 times the normal values.
Why do we want the right to die? A systematic review of the international literature on the views of patients, carers and the public on assisted dying

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Background: Assisted dying is legal in four European countries and three American states. Elsewhere, particularly in more affluent or mainly Protestant countries, it remains controversial. Dominant headlines feature professional (medical, legal, religious) arguments versus celebrity campaigners; ordinary people are less clearly represented. Aim: To synthesise the international evidence of people’s views and attitudes towards assisted dying in order to inform current debate about this controversial issue. Design: Systematic review and mixed method synthesis of qualitative and survey data Data sources: Eleven electronic databases from inception to October 2011; bibliographies of included studies Review Methods: Two reviewers independently screened papers and appraised quality. Qualitative results were extracted verbatim; survey results were summarised in a table. Qualitative data were synthesised using framework methods and survey results integrated where they supported, contrasted or added to the themes identified. Results: Sixteen qualitative studies and 94 surveys were included; many participants considered the immediate relevance of assisted dying for them. Themes related to poor quality of life, a good quality of death, potential abuse of assisted dying and the importance of individual stance. People valued autonomy in death as much as in life. Attitudes were diverse, complex and related to definitions of unbearable suffering including physical, psycho-social and existential factors and were consistent regardless of social, economic, legal and health-care contexts. Conclusion: Our review sheds light on ordinary people’s perspectives about assisted dying, when they are ill or disabled. Unbearable suffering is a key construct, and common factors are revealed that lead people to ask for help to die. The consistency of international views indicates a mandate for legislative and medical systems worldwide to listen and understand this.
Studies on Nucleosides and Nucleotides. VI. A Facile Cleavage of the Anhydro Bond of 2′,3′-O-Isopropylidene-O2,5′-cycloiiridine with the Use of Proton Acid or Lewis Acid

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract When 2′,3′-O-isopropylidene-O2,5′-cyclouridine (1) was allowed to react with methanol in the presence of p-toluenesulfonic acid at room temperature, 5′-O-methyl-2′,3′-O-isopropylideneuridine was obtained in good yield. Similarly, with the use of boron trifluoride etherate, 1 reacted smoothly with diphenyl phosphate to give the corresponding 5′-phosphorylated product.
Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum (Desf.) van Slageren DW 1068

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Plant Genetic Resource.
Taxonomy: Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum (Desf.) van Slageren
Common name(s): Wheat
Other names: CD1754-21Y-0M
Conserved by: Centro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maíz y Trigo (CIMMYT), Mexico
Local sample unique identifier: DW 1068
Method of creation: Acquisition
Date: 1987
Other identifiers: n/a,DW1068, n/a,CID 319069 SID 9, n/a,GID 2349659
Historical: No
Biological status: Breeder's line
MLS status: Included
Cross-National Variation in Occupational Prestige

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article investigates cross-national differences in occupational prestige amongst French, American and Canadian privacy officers. Privacy officers design and implement programs to protect private information in organizations. As a consequence, members of the privacy occupation serves as key interfaces between organizations and their information environments. The current study seeks to extend structuralist theories of occupational prestige- which suggest that all complex societies engender similar hierarchies of occupations. In contrast, in my chosen empirical case of privacy officers, I find that national contexts accord varying degrees of prestige to the privacy occupation. On the one hand, American privacy officers are upwardly mobile and endowed with the potentiality of being strategic organizational actors. On the other, French privacy officers are low-status actors- largely relegated to documentation and compliance tasks. Using a comparative case study method and a multimodal data corpus (interviews, newspaper articles, professional communication and interaction) I construct a model of occupational prestige. I theorize that national regulatory, cultural and institutional structures combine to produce differing perceptions of risk, ambiguity and uncertainty. Such organizational perceptions meaningfully affect occupational sensemaking-sensegiving patterns, and as a consequence, occupational prestige. Overall, I make a case for extending the insights from the study of occupations (and professions) to emergent knowledge-work contexts.
Study on leaf dust-retaining effect of common greening trees in Baoding City

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In order to reveal the effect of commom greening trees on dust retention in Baoding City,the differences in foliar dust retention among nine species planted in both street and campus were analyzed.The results showed that there were significant differences in dust retention among different species.Species with the strongest dust capacity during two weeks were Platanus orientalis,Broussonetia papyrifera.and Euonymus japonicus,which could reach 10.071 1g/m2,8.820 2g/m2,7.653 5g/m2,respectively.Species including Amygdalus persicaf.duplex,Cercis chinensis and Syringa oblata had better dust-retaining abality than species including Catalpa bungei,Prunus cerasifera f.atropurpurea and Populus×canadensis,and the lowest value of 1.053 4g/m2 was recorded in Populus×canadensis.The significant differences in dust removel effect were also found in different areas.The amount of dust absorption of species planted in street was considerably higher than in campus,which were 7.9and 6.7times as high as in campus for Platanus orientalis,and Broussonetia papyrifera,and even 14.9times for Prunus cerasifera f.atropurpurea.It was also found that the dust retention capacity of trees decreased through time by the comparison of daily dust retention during 4,7and 12 days.In conclusion,it is advisable to consider choosing tree species like Platanus orientalis,Broussonetia papyrifera and Euonymus japonicus as greening trees in Baoding City.