jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
State of the Art of Sustainability in 3D Food Printing

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

3D Printing or Additive Manufacturing (AM) has become an emerging trend in global production area with a wide range of application fields. The increasing number of the concepts indicates the opportunity to address the needs and challenges of AM in both food industry and global scale. The technological, resource and industrial aspects of 3D Food Printing have the potentialities to enable to ‘print’ highly customized food, not just about the shape, but also about the structure, texture, flavor, taste, nutritional value, new edible alternatives and specific formulations for different choices, where the individual meals become possible. Anyway, the increasing importance of global concerns push towards the consideration if the value of the printed meal and 3D Printing itself can be sustainable and how. Whereas several studies claim to address the sustainability of 3Dfood printing, it is not clear yet what is the state of the art of 3D Food Printing within the sustainability intersection of economic, environmental and social pillars. Starting from the presentation of the available current approaches and practices, the paper provides a holistic outlook of the topic, shows the parameters that impact the sustainability of the technology and propose the improvements to be applied for completing the sustainability view and to achieve the 3D food printing full potential.
PROGRAM KEMITRAAN MASYARAKAT DALAM PENGEMBANGAN PEMBELAJARAN BERBASIS ICT DI SMA TAMAN RAMA DENPASAR

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The times, students and teachers are required to be creative, innovative and know all the information that can be received through ICT-based learning media. The purpose of this service is to overcome the problem of lack of teacher knowledge in the development of information communication and technology (ICT)-based learning media. Activities are carried out in two stages, namely socialization activities, and mentoring. ICT-based learning does not always have advantages but also disadvantages in its application. One of the applications of ICT in learning is the use of learning media that can improve the quality of students' abilities. Multimedia-based learning such as technology that involves text, images, sound and video can present subject matter that is more interesting, not monotonous, and facilitates delivery. Through mentoring activities, the development of ICT-based learning prepared by teachers can improve its quality, so that the learning process is in line with the demands of skills according to the development of the times based on science and technology. The use of the internet in the world of teaching will help the world of teaching increase the quantity of students. The results of PKM socialization and mentoring at SMA Taman Rama Denpasar, resulted in outcomes and achievement targets 1) The preparation of an ICT-based Learning Implementation Plan (RPP) for each subject. 2) certificates for teachers who participate in socialization and mentoring
The Chemistry and Biology of Sirtuin Enzymes

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The Sir2 class (sirtuins) of proteins are linked to a wide range of biological functions, that include gene silencing, longevity, survival under stress, fatty acid metabolism, insulin secretion and mitochondrial function. Conserved among all forms of life, most sirtuins display robust NAD + ‐dependent protein deacetylase activity. Although genetic studies have provided insight into the pathways controlled by several sirtuins, the molecular basis for the observed biology remains elusive. Our lab has focused on understanding the biochemical basis for sirtuin biology. Sirtuins catalyzed the NAD + ‐dependent deacetylation of target proteins to yield products nicotinamide, deacetylated peptide and the novel metabolite, O ‐acetyl‐ADP‐ribose ( O AADPr), which has been proposed to act like a second‐messenger. We have examined the mechanisms of catalysis, nicotinamide inhibition, and acetyl‐peptide specificity. In addition, we have investigated the role of sirtuins in regulating fatty acid metabolism and have identified potential cellular targets of O AADPr. The emerging picture of sirtuin function suggests that the unique nature of this reaction allows these enzymes to tightly couple protein deacetylation and the cellular energy/redox state to the generation of O AADPr, a signaling molecule.
Determination of 16 polychlorinated biphenyls in fish oil by gas chromatography-negative ion chemical ionization-mass spectrometry

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

An analytical method for the simultaneous determination of 16 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in fish oil was developed. PCBs were extracted from fish oil with n-hexane, purified by sulfuric acid and determined by using gas chromatography-negative ion chemical ionization-mass spectrometry (GC-NCI-MS) in selected ion-monitoring (SIM) mode. A good linear relationship (r > 0.99) was observed with the PCBs concentrations from 0.01 µg/L to 10 µg/L, and the limits of quantification (LOQ, S/N = 10) were between 3 pg/g and 67 pg/g for different kinds of PCBs. The average recoveries ranged from 62.3% to 121.8% with the relative standard deviations ( RSDs, n = 3) smaller than 12%. Compared with the traditional pre-treatment of multiple material solid phase extraction, this new method is simple, rapid and less organic solvent usage. Meanwhile the method has good selectivity and sensitivity, and it is suitable for the determination of multiple trace PCBs in fish oil.
Determining Initial Values for Stiff Systems of Ordinary Differential Equations

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We consider a stiff system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations for which we know some but not all of the initial conditions. This paper presents an algorithm which determines the unknown initial values in such a way that the solution does not have an initial transient. The algorithm was motivated by a problem from tonospheric physics in which two of the initial conditions are unknown. By physical considerations, the correct solution should not have an initial transient. This requirement allows us to uniquely specify the two unknown initial values.
On the Average Outage Rate and Average Outage Duration of Wireless Communication Systems With Multiple Cochannel Interferers

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper studies the average outage rate [or average level crossing rate (LCR)] and average outage duration (AOD) of wireless communication systems subject to cochannel interference. In particular, it presents closed-form expressions for the LCR and AOD when a minimum desired signal power requirement is specified for satisfactory reception. The results are quite general and account for systems operating over independent identically distributed Rician and/or Nakagami fading environments. When applicable, these new expressions are compared to those previously reported in the literature dealing with the LCR and AOD of 1) interference-limited systems when both the desired and interfering signals are subject to Rayleigh type of fading and 2) power-limited systems operating over Rician or Nakagami fading channels. Corresponding numerical examples that illustrate applications of the results are also provided and discussed. These results show that specifying a certain minimum desired signal power requirement induces a floor on the AOD. They also show that the AOD is essentially affected by the the maximum Doppler frequencies (or equivalently the speed) of the desired users.
The Price of Residential Land in Large U.S. Cities †

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Combining data from several sources, we build a database of home values, the cost of housing structures, and residential land values for 46 large U.S. metropolitan areas from 1984 to 2004. Our analysis of these new data reveal that since the mid-1980s residential land values have appreciated over a much wider range of cities than is commonly believed. And, since 1998, almost all large U.S. cities have seen significant increases in real residential land prices. Averaging across the cities in our sample, by year-end 2004, the value of residential land accounted for about 50 percent of the total market value of housing, up from 32 percent in 1984. An implication of our results is that housing is much more land intensive than it used to be, meaning that the future course of home prices — the average rate of appreciation and volatility — is likely to be determined even more by demand factors than was the case even ten or twenty years ago.
Constitutive Modeling of Electrostrictive Polymers Using a Hyperelasticity-Based Approach

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The use of constitutive equations to describe the electromechanical behavior of electrostrictive materials began over 100 years ago. While these equations have been used to model a host of ceramic-based and polymer-based electroactive materials, a fully characterized model has not yet been developed to predict the response of transversely isotropic polymer electrostrictives. A constitutive model is developed within a thermodynamic and hyperelastic framework that incorporates the transversely isotropic material symmetry that is present in many polymer-based electrostrictives. The resulting constitutive model is characterized for three electrostrictive polymer systems using empirical data that are available in the literature. The model has a relatively simple functional form that is easily adaptable to other polymer electrostrictive material systems.
False Negative Bone Scintigraphy in a Patient with Primary Breast Cancer: A Possible Transient Phenomenon of Bisphosphonate (Alendronate) Treatment

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Breast cancer is the most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer deaths among women in developed countries. Bone is a frequent site of metastatic disease with a stage-dependent incidence. Most women with breast cancer are at risk of osteoporosis due to their age or their breast cancer treatment. Scintigraphy enables imaging of the entire skeleton with high sensitivity but limited specificity. The false positive rate varies from 1.6% to as high as 22%, while the false negative rate varies from 0.96% to 13%. We observed a 70-year-old woman with a diagnosis of breast cancer and a false negative bone scan despite extensive bone metastases. She was under alendronate treatment for osteoporosis at the time. The false negative finding might be due to a transient phenomenon of alendronate, a bisphosphonate cleared from the plasma by uptake into bone and by renal excretion. 99mTc-MDP is eliminated via the same pathways, and therefore competition may occur between the two substances. Another possible explanation for the false negative bone scan could be that bone metastases, indicating hematogenous tumor spread, are detected earlier by CT scan or MRI than by bone scan. Breast cancer patients under bisphosphonate treatment for osteoporosis must be carefully evaluated for bone metastasis during radionuclide studies with 99mTc-MDP.
Variation of Temperature and Humidity of Ventilation Air along Wet Roadway

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents a theoretical approach to the problem of heat and moisture pick-up of ventilation airalong wet roadways.Firstly, the variation of temperature and humidity of ventilation air with distance along a uniformly wetroadway is analysed for different degrees of wetness; the wetness being expressed by a wetness fraction (f). Theresults show that the variation of both temperature and humidity are remarkably influenced by the degree of wetness. Under somecondition, it is possible that the air temperature (dry-bulb temperature) decreases with distance, whereas the relativehumidity increases.Secondly, variation of the temperature and humidity along a partially wet roadway is calculated and thetemperature profile in the rock around the roadway is presented. By using a newly introduced value e and the resultsfor the uniformly wet roadway, a new method is proposed for calculating the temperature and humidity for a partially wet roadway.
Effect of salt stresses on different balsam pears germination and growth

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This paper is about a research on 4 general breeds of balsam pears(the Qiong No.1 balsam pears, the hybrid generation Gold-green balsam pears, the mating generation Bing Cheng balsam pears and the Guang-studied hybrid balsam pears) in Hainan, trained salt stresses under different salt concentraction. The conclusion is that Guang-studied hybrid balsam pears has stronger salt-resistance than the other 3. At the same time when concentraction of Nacl is 150 mmol/L, all breed seeds can not germint barely; when concentraction of Nacl is 100 mmol/L, seeds can germint, but seedling can not grow.
Disseminated cryptococcal infection in immune competent patients.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Cryptococcal meningeal or cerebral infection has become an increasing global problem.(1) In this respect there are many anacedotal Indian case reports.(2) More than 50% of CNS infections occur in immunosuppressed patients and other debilitating conditions. Neurological form of cryptococcosis in immunocompetant patients needs to be considered in situations with intractable headache, papilloedema, hydrocephalus and prior to decisions on shunt placements.(3) We report on two such immunocompetent patients who presented with CNS involvement. Their clinical features and outcome is discussed.
Depression at work, authenticity in question: Experiencing, concealing and revealing

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Australia and the United Kingdom have introduced policies to protect employees who experience mental illness, including depression. However, a better understanding of the experiential issues workers face (e.g. sense of moral failure) is needed for the provision of appropriate and beneficial support. We analysed 73 interviews from the United Kingdom and Australia where narratives of depression and work intersected. Participants encountered difficulties in being (and performing as if) ‘authentic’ at work, with depression contributing to confusions about the self. The diffuse post-1960s imperative to ‘be yourself’ is experienced in conflicting ways: while some participants sought support from managers and colleagues (e.g. sick leave, back-to-work plans), many others put on a façade in an attempt to perform the ‘well’ and ‘authentic’ employee. We outline the contradictory forces at play for participants when authenticity and visibility are expected, yet, moral imperatives to be good (healthy) employees are normative.
Evaluating Midwifery Units (EMU): a prospective cohort study of freestanding midwifery units in New South Wales, Australia

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objective To compare maternal and neonatal birth outcomes and morbidities associated with the intention to give birth in two freestanding midwifery units and two tertiary-level maternity units in New South Wales, Australia. Design Prospective cohort study. Participants 494 women who intended to give birth at freestanding midwifery units and 3157 women who intended to give birth at tertiary-level maternity units. Participants had low risk, singleton pregnancies and were at less than 28 +0 weeks gestation at the time of booking. Primary and secondary outcome measures Primary outcomes were mode of birth, Apgar score of less than 7 at 5 min and admission to the neonatal intensive care unit or special care nursery. Secondary outcomes were onset of labour, analgesia, blood loss, management of third stage of labour, perineal trauma, transfer, neonatal resuscitation, breastfeeding, gestational age at birth, birth weight, severe morbidity and mortality. Results Women who planned to give birth at a freestanding midwifery unit were significantly more likely to have a spontaneous vaginal birth (AOR 1.57; 95% CI 1.20 to 2.06) and significantly less likely to have a caesarean section (AOR 0.65; 95% CI 0.48 to 0.88). There was no significant difference in the AOR of 5 min Apgar scores, however, babies from the freestanding midwifery unit group were significantly less likely to be admitted to neonatal intensive care or special care nursery (AOR 0.60; 95% CI 0.39 to 0.91). Analysis of secondary outcomes indicated that planning to give birth in a freestanding midwifery unit was associated with similar or reduced odds of intrapartum interventions and similar or improved odds of indicators of neonatal well-being. Conclusions The results of this study support the provision of care in freestanding midwifery units as an alternative to tertiary-level maternity units for women with low risk pregnancies at the time of booking.
Continued Dispensing: what medications do patients believe should be available?

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background. Continued Dispensing (CD) is a new medication supply method for certain medications in Australia. It aims to prevent treatment interruption as a result of patients' inability to obtain a new valid prescription. The only currently eligible patients for this service are statin and/or oral contraceptives users who have been using these medications for 6 months or more, have not utilized the CD method during the last 12 months, and cannot obtain an immediate appointment with the prescriber in order to get a new prescription. This study aimed to investigate patients' attitudes towards potential extension and expansion of this medication supply method. Methods. A randomly selected 301 users of these medications from all Australian States were recruited using Computer Assisted Telephone Interview (CATI). Result. The response rate was 79%. The majority of the participants (73.3%) did not agree with current restriction on CD utilization frequency. They also supported, to varying degrees, inclusion of all the proposed medications (support ranged from 44.2-78.4%). In this regard, participants who suffered from a specific disease did not differ significantly from those without the disease except in case of patients with depression (p = 0.001). Conclusions. Participants of this study strongly supported both CD extension and expansion. A future critical review of the current version of CD is highly recommended in order to enhance CD capability to achieve its goals.
Anatomy of salvia limbata in relation to altitudinal gradient in West Azerbaijan (Iran).

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of altitudinal gradients on the anatomy of Salvia limbata C.A.Mey. (Lamiaceae). . The S. limbata species were collected from their natural habitats from various regions of West Azerbaijan province in Iran. The thickness of cuticle, collenchymas, phloem, xylem and pith of stem and leaf thickness were measured. Moreover, width, length and number of stomata on both adaxial and abaxal epidermal surfaces were analyzed. Statistical analyses were done on a completely randomized design. The results indicated that by increasing altitude leaf thickness increased from 239.1 to 300.1 µm. Number of leaf epidermal cells was also increased in higher altitude on both upper (4.30 to 5.61) and lower (1.05 to 6.55) epidermal surfaces. The results confirmed that more stomata on both adaxial and abaxial epidermis in high altitude samples were associated with presence of narrower and longer stomata on their leaves. Significant differences in the cuticle, collenchyma, xylem, phloem and parenchymatous pith thickness in the stem were observed in all the six studied populations. At higher altitudes thicker cuticle, increased number of collenchyma and wider xylem, phloem and parenchymatous pith were detected. Plants in Mahlamlu region had the thickest studied parameters and Plants in Kabudan Island region had the thinnest tissues.
Latin America and China Under Global Neoliberalism

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

While China and Latin America simultaneously implemented neoliberal policies as part of a profound economic restructuring process, there are important differences in the results of their policies and economic performance. This article discusses the different development paths of Latin America and China, including their starting points, economic policies and political processes. China's expansion and Latin America's liberalization have brought the two in much closer contact. Several Latin American countries are now important providers of commodities (for example, minerals, energy and soy) that China needs to keep up with the rising levels of production and consumption. As a result China is also starting to invest in these products. Some other Latin American countries have lost rather than gained from the rise of China, especially the countries that sought economic integration in the world market through the growth of maquiladoras (assembly factories for export to the United States). However, their attempts to slow down China's entry into the World Trade Organization (WTO) did not succeed.The article discusses the causes, effects and prospects of these different experiences with China's global expansion.
Ensemble reconstruction of severe low flow events in France since 1871 through statistical downscaling and hydrological modelling.

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

This work presents a study of severe low flow events that occurred from 1871 onwards for a large number of near-natural catchments in France. It aims at assessing and comparing their characteristics to improve our knowledge on historical events and to provide a selection of benchmark events for climate change adaptation purposes.The historical depth of streamflow observations is generally limited to the last 50 years and therefore offers too small a sample of severe low flow events to properly explore the long-term evolution of their characteristics and associated impacts. In order to overcome this limit, this work takes advantage of a 140-year ensemble hydrometeorological dataset over France based on: (1) a probabilistic precipitation and temperature downscaling of the Twentieth Century Reanalysis over France (Caillouet et al., 2016), and (2) a continuous hydrological modelling that uses the high-resolution meteorological reconstructions as forcings over the whole period. This dataset provides an ensemble of 25 equally plausible daily streamflow time series for a reference network of stations in France over the whole 1871-2012 period. Severe low flow events are identified based on a combination of a fixed threshold and a daily variable threshold. Each event is characterized by its deficit, duration and timing by applying the Sequent Peak Algorithm. The procedure is applied to the 25 simulated time series as well as to the observed time series in order to compare observed and simulated events over the recent period, and to characterize in a probabilistic way unrecorded historical events. The ensemble aspect of the reconstruction leads to address specific issues, for properly defining events across ensemble simulations, as well as for adequately comparing the simulated characteristics to the observed ones.This study brings forward the outstanding 1921 and 1940s events but also older and less known ones that occurred during the last decade of the 19th century. For the first time, severe low flow events are qualified in a homogeneous way over 140 years on a large set of near-natural French catchments, allowing for detailed analyses of the effect of climate variability and anthropogenic climate change on low flow hydrology