jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Evolution of earth's plasmasphere in response to the solar wind variations and magnetic storms

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Earth's plasmasphere originates from the ionosphere, which is controlled by the magnetic and electric fields in the inner magnetosphere. The dense low energy plasmas in the plasmasphere have critical influences on both the ionosphere and magnetosphere, thus play important roles on the magnetospheric space weather. The multiple spacecraft missions, i.e., Cluster, THEMIS, Swarm, etc, and the imaging missions, such as IMAGE and Changer 3, have provided precious opportunities for investigating the dynamics of plasmasphere. In this research, with the 4-point magnetic observations by Cluster, we have analyzed the distortion of the configuration of the geomagnetic field during the strong magnetic storms and the corresponding effects on the structure of the plasmasphere. With IMAGE and Changer 3 EUV measurements, the comparative study is made on this effect. With the 4-point measurements of WHISPER on Cluster, we have explored the spatial distribution of the electrons of the plasmasphere in variations with the magnetic shell L, magnetic local time and field lines, which is very valuable for the improvement of the empirical plasmasphere model. Furthermore, the joint investigations with Swarm ionosphere observations and Changer 3 EUV measurements are made to obtain the relationship between the ionospheric origin and distributions of plasmasphere as well as the influences of solar wind conditions.
Study on the Preservation of Newhall Navel Orange by Pre-Storage

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The aim was to study the preservation of pre-storage on Newhall Navel Orange. The result showed that oranges with 4 days’ pre-storage had a lower rate of decay, respiration and weight loss and higher content of Vitamin C, which meant that 4 days’ pre-storage could keep the quality and extend the preservation.
Measurable and Deployable Security

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Security measurement helps identify deployment gaps and present extremely valuable research opportunities. However, such research is often deemed as not novelty by academia. I will first share my research journey designing and producing a high-precision tool CryptoGuard for scanning cryptographic vulnerabilities in large Java projects. That work led us to publish two benchmarks used for systematically assessing state-of-the-art academic and commercial solutions, as well as help Oracle Labs integrate our detection in their routine scanning.
Cognitive Technologies and Artificial Intelligence in Social Perception

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract Cognitive technologies and artificial intelligence dynamize the development of the modern world in various spheres. Modern man is not always aware of how often he uses this type of technology, both in everyday life and at work. The conducted literature research has shown a growing interest in the discussed issues. The diagnostic survey allowed the assessment of the level of familiarity with the terms “cognitive technologies” and “artificial intelligence” in the perception of students, doctoral students and employees of a selected university. The auditorium survey technique was used for the research. The research shows that the distance between humans and an intelligent robot is decreasing. A man is inclined to let intelligent robots enter even the most intimate spheres of his life. The article contributes to filling the gap in knowledge about the perception and application of intelligent technologies and the readiness to use them. Furthermore, it sets out further directions for research on this phenomenon.
Solubility of Calcium Phosphate Crystallization In vitro in Presence of Basella rubra Deproteinized Concoction used in Non-codified Medicine for Urinary Stone

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The solubility of calcium phosphate crystallization in vitro by an deproteinized concoction of Basella rubra plant was investigated by weight reduction assay. Soluble oxalate of the plant are partially removed prior to extraction of plant material. The weight variation and dissolution results reveals that the concoction showed considerable increased activity at the highest concentration used. The results indicate that the calcium phosphate crystal inhibition activity exhibited by the plant material may be due to their calcium phosphate solubilising capacity of phytoconstituents present in them. Regular consumption of an concoction of our plant would be helpful in calculi prophylaxis.
Trajectory heatmaps for data and models.

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

<p>Each distribution was calculated by binning all timepoints generated from all trajectories, empirical or modeled, used in our analyses. In this figure we have not excluded any timepoints based on position in the wind tunnel or heading. A. Empirical trajectories from fruit flies in a wind tunnel with an ethanol plume and 0.3 m/s wind. B-D. Equivalent trajectories generated by the surge-cast (B), centerline-inferring (C), or infotaxis (D) algorithms.</p>
Low-field induced giant magnetocaloric effect in TmCuAl compound

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

A giant low field reversible magnetocaloric effect has been observed in TmCuAl compound around 4 K, which is the boiling point of helium. The maximum value of magnetic entropy change (−ΔSMmax) and adiabatic temperature change (ΔTadmax) is 17.2 J/Kg K and 4.6 K without thermal and field hysteresis loss, for field changes of 0–2 T, respectively. Especially, the giant value of −ΔSMmax (12.2 J/Kg K) is obtained for a field change of 0-1 T. The results indicate that the TmCuAl compound could be considered as a good candidate material for low-temperature and low-field magnetic refrigerant.
Pencil Grasp and Children’s Handwriting Legibility During Different-Length Writing Tasks

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Objective. This study examined the influence of pencil grasp on handwriting legibility during both short and long writing tasks in 46 fourth-grade students who were typically developing. Matched samples were used to control for variability. Method. Regular classroom writing assignments were scored for word and letter legibility, and scores were compared using a mixed repeated-measures analysis of variance design. The two independent variables were pencil grasp (dynamic tripod grasp vs. atypical grasp) and task length (short vs. long). Results. A significant difference was found between the letter legibility scores on the short task and the letter legibility scores on the long task. Students’ legibility was greater on the short task than on the long task across both grasp conditions. No significant difference was found in scores between students who used dynamic tripod grasps and those who used atypical grasps, nor was there a significant interaction between grasp and task length. No significant differences were found between word legibility scores. Conclusion. The results indicate that although the students in this study wrote more legibly on the short task than on the long task, the type of grasp they used did not affect their legibility. Because of the limited sample size, the results of this study should be interpreted cautiously. More research in handwriting performance and pencil grasp is needed to provide clear expectations and treatment options for students.
Rapid Procoagulant Phosphatidylserine Exposure Relies on High Cytosolic Calcium Rather Than on

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective—Relationships between intracellular Ca2 concentration ([Ca2]cyt) and apoptotic events, such as mitochondrial depolarization (m loss) and Bcl-2 and Bad phosphorylation, were analyzed in platelets and Jurkat cells in relation to rapid procoagulant phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure. Methods and Results—Platelets were stimulated with A23187, thapsigargin (TG) and thrombin plus convulxin (Thr/Cvx), and Jurkat cells with ionomycin, in the presence or absence of cyclosporin A (CsA), a mitochondrial permeability transition pore inhibitor. m loss occurred when platelets were stimulated in Ca2 medium in conditions exposing PS, but also in EGTA medium. CsA inhibited PS exposure, [Ca2]cyt increase, and m loss in platelets stimulated with TG and Thr/Cvx, but had no inhibitory effect on A23187 stimulation. CsA reduced TG-induced Ca2 release from the endoplasmic reticulum and, consequently, external Ca2 influx. In ionomycin-stimulated Jurkat cells, rapid PS exposure was evidenced but not m loss, and CsA did not inhibit the process. The status of phosphorylated Bad and Bcl-2 in both cell types remained unchanged on stimulation. Conclusions—Whether m loss occurs or not, PS exposure is triggered by a high [Ca2]cyt increase. Data further demonstrate that CsA prevents membrane scrambling by inhibiting the high [Ca2]cyt increase, independently of its effect on mitochondrial permeability transition pore. (Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2009;29:1883-1889.) Key Words: platelets Jurkat apoptosis procoagulant phosphatidylserine thrombin plus convulxin Phospholipid scrambling, leading to phosphatidylserine(PS) exposure to the external leaflet of cell membranes,
Expansion ofSphagnum fallaxin bogs: striking the balance between N and P availability

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Nitrogen deposition may cause shifts in the Sphagnum species composition of bogs, ultimately affecting the conservation value of these systems. We studied the effects of N and P on the expansion of S. fallax and S. flexuosum in bogs. We related historical census data of S. fallax, S. flexuosum, and four of their accompanying species to changes in N deposition. In addition, we conducted two fertilization experiments with N and P; one at a low deposition site with S. flexuosum and one at two high deposition sites with S. fallax. Finally, we related existing data on capitulum N and P concentrations of S. fallax to its abundance in the field. A relative increase in observed frequency of S. fallax coincided with an historical increase in N deposition in the Netherlands. There was no indication that S. fallax consistently outcompeted one of the other five Sphagnum species, the observed frequency of the Sphagnum species analysed was rather stable with time. The census data on S. flexuosum did not indicate a response to N deposition, but the species expanded at the low N deposition site when extra N was applied. In contrast, the expansion of S. fallax at the high deposition sites was limited by P. Organic nutrient concentrations suggested that when S. fallax can maintain a capitulum N concentration of 7 mg g(-1) or higher and a P concentration of 0.7 mg g(-1) or higher the species can grow to dominate. We conclude that S. fallax will gradually colonize an increasing number of new habitats in areas with a low, albeit increasing, N deposition, but will only grow to dominate when P supply is adequate. Then, the expansion of S. fallax may lead to ousting of the other Sphagnum species present.
U.S. Tobacco Growers’ Concern about the Impact of the FDA Regulation of Tobacco Products

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The objective of the paper is to establish an empirical relationship between household characteristics and tobacco growers’ perception of the impact of the FDA regulation. A logistic model is applied on primary data that came from the Center for Tobacco Grower Research’s (CTGR’s) 2011 mail survey of tobacco producers. Results indicate that over 80 percent of the sample tobacco growers are concerned about the impact of the FDA regulation. The profiles of growers who reported to be concerned about the impact of the FDA regulation are not significantly different from those of growers who reported that they are not concerned or somewhat concerned. This result highlights the importance of engaging all groups of growers in discussion to elaborate whether, and if so how the FDA regulation would actually affect tobacco production, and how growers should adjust in light of the expected changes. This would help growers build confidence in the industry, and work towards making the necessary changes in agricultural practices that would help address the regulatory issues related to the contents of tobacco products. Given the widespread concern, the failure to do so could have a negative impact on resource allocation and investment decisions because of an overreaction to a potentially erroneous perception of the impact of the FDA regulation.
Familial confounding of the association between maternal smoking in pregnancy and autism spectrum disorder in offspring

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Evidence supports no link between maternal smoking in pregnancy and autism spectrum disorder (autism) overall. To address remaining questions about the unexplained heterogeneity between study results and the possibility of risk for specific autism sub‐phenotypes, we conducted a whole‐population cohort study in Denmark. We followed births 1991–2011 (1,294,906 persons, including 993,301 siblings in 728,271 families), from 1 year of age until an autism diagnosis (13,547), death, emigration, or December 31, 2012. Autism, with and without attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and with and without intellectual disability (ID) were based on ICD‐8 and ICD‐10 codes from Danish national health registers, including 3,319 autism + ADHD, 10,228 autism − no ADHD, 2,205 autism + ID, and 11,342 autism − no ID. We estimated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) between any maternal smoking (from birth records) and autism (or sub‐phenotypes) using survival models with robust standard errors, stratifying by birth year and adjusting for child sex, parity, and parental age, education, income, and psychiatric history. To additionally address confounding using family designs, we constructed a maternal cluster model (adjusting for the smoking proportion within the family), and a stratified sibling model. Associations with maternal smoking and autism were elevated in conventional adjusted analyses (HR of 1.17 [1.13–1.22]) but attenuated in the maternal cluster (0.98 [0.88–1.09]) and sibling (0.86 [0.64–1.15]) models. Similarly, risks of autism sub‐phenotypes with maternal smoking were attenuated in the family‐based models. Together these results support that smoking in pregnancy is not linked with autism or select autism comorbid sub‐phenotypes after accounting for familial confounding. Autism Res 2020, 13: 134–144 . © 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Lay Summary Smoking during pregnancy has many harmful impacts, which may include harming the baby's developing brain. However, in a study of thousands of families in Denmark, it does not appear that smoking in pregnancy leads to autism or autism in combination with intellectual problems or attention deficits, once you account for the way smoking patterns and developmental disabilities run in families.
Studia KPZK

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The effects of an early modern movement in Europe may not have been patent on the southern tip of Africa until the 1930s for those architects who were seriously progressive. The Union of South Africa, formed in 1910, was more concerned with branding the new Union Government as an amalgam of British and Cape Dutch interests, rather than embracing the new on a distant continent. \n\tHowever, post-war discourses were similar. The requirements for improved standards of living, access to sanitation, potable water and the new phenomenon of electricity, fitted with the deliberations of the European modernists as to light, air and sunshine. This imperative was exacerbated by repeated malarial outbreaks in the 1920s and the early 1930s which compelled corporate farmers and municipalities to address the requirements of responsible housing, formalising sanitation and access to piped water, thus limiting the breeding grounds of the malaria mosquito. \n\tIn Pietermaritzburg, the capital of the then province of Natal, the deliberations of the Borough resulted in the production of social housing rental stock for Africans close to the city, allowing, to a large degree, for a pool of ready labour in close proximity to the city centre, but also exploring the possibilities of high density housing within the city limits. This village, for many years referred to as the ‘Native Village’ became known as Sobantu, and was one of the earliest examples of experimental social housing in the city. \n\tThis paper will begin with discussions on post-World War I Europe which highlight a new agenda of housing provision, based on the Modernist premise of ‘light, air and sunshine’, as well as new attitudes towards health. It will then briefly introduce Pietermaritzburg the city, and Natal the region and its politics, before discussing Sobantu the village. It will discuss previous assertions by scholars of control and the ‘sanitation syndrome’ before laying out the history of the construction of the village, and the provision of ancillary services. It will continue by commenting that suppositions in the realm of history could in fact, have been supplemented with studies of architectural trends in order to contextualise the provision of housing for African people as a strategic need, rather than a direct political necessity, in the early decades of the 20th century.
Increasing Learning Outcomes through the Student Team Heroic Leadership and Provision of Structured Tasks Strategies

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Learning in schools is not only intended to achieve educational goals for certain lessons but also to equip students to master the concept of material and apply it in everyday life. Moreover, learning is also intended to achieve educational goals as a whole general which is formal, namely, to organize students' reasoning and shape their personalities. This research is classroom action research that aims to improve learning outcomes through student team heroic leadership strategies and the provision of structured assignments. The subjects in this study were students of class X.2 MA DDI Kaballangang, Pinrang. This research is Classroom action research carried out in two cycles. Data collection using learning outcomes tests sheets and observation sheets. The collected data is analyzed using quantitative analysis techniques and qualitative analysis, presenting information, and drawing conclusions. The results showed that there was an increasing learning outcome through student team heroic leadership strategies and the provision of structured assignments which was marked by an increase in the average score of student learning outcomes from cycle 1 to cycle 2, which was 61.28 increasing to 83.72, student learning completeness in the second cycle. I which has not been achieved classically only reached 48.3%, but in cycle 2, classical completeness was achieved, namely 89.7% so there was an increase in the percentage of student activity in the learning process from cycle 1, namely 35.28% to cycle 2, namely 47.32%
On the obstructed Lagrangian Floer theory

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Lagrangian Floer homology in a general case has been constructed by Fukaya, Oh, Ohta and Ono, where they construct an $\AI$-algebra or an $\AI$-bimodule from Lagrangian submanifolds, and studied the obstructions and deformation theories. But for obstructed Lagrangian submanifolds, standard Lagrangian Floer homology can not be defined. We explore several well-known cohomology theories on these $\AI$-objects and explore their properties, which are well-defined and invariant even in the obstructed cases. These are Hochschild and cyclic homology of an $\AI$-objects and Chevalley-Eilenberg or cyclic Chevalley-Eilenberg homology of their underlying $\LI$ objects. We explain how the existence of $m_0$ effects the usual homological algebra of these homology theories. We also provide some computations. We show that for an obstructed $\AI$-algebra with a non-trivial primary obstruction, Chevalley-Eilenberg Floer homology vanishes, whose proof is inspired by the comparison with cluster homology theory of Lagrangian submanifolds by Cornea and Lalonde. In contrast, we also provide an example of an obstructed case whose cyclic Floer homology is non-vanishing.
Capillary GCMS assay of 2-n-propyl-4-pentenoic acid (4-ene VPA) in rat plasma and urine.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

A simple, sensitive and specific capillary GCMS assay method is described for the determination of a toxic metabolite of valproic acid, 2-n-propyl-4-pentenoic acid (4-ene-VPA), in rat plasma and urine. The method involves a single extraction of a small volume of plasma or urine with ethyl acetate. Extraction efficiency is virtually 100%. Derivatization with MTBSTFA reagent is extremely rapid. Calibration curves are linear in the concentration ranges of 0.5-45 micrograms/mL and 2-80 micrograms/mL in rat plasma and urine respectively. The lowest detection limit using 80 microL of plasma is 100 ng/mL. Following I.V. administration of 20 mg/kg of 4-ene-VPA, plasma levels can be monitored for 6 hours in rats. The results indicate that pharmacokinetics of 4-ene VPA are similar to those of the parent drug valproic acid (VPA) in the rat.
Faktor Keperilakuan Organisasi Terhadap Kegunaan Sistem Akuntansi Keuangan Daerah

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This study aims to examine the influence of organizational behavioral factors (training, clarity of purpose and superior support) on the usefulness of regional financial accounting systems. The population of this study were all civil servants at the Jayapura Regency Regional Financial and Asset Management Agency. The sample used in this study were civil servants who had the authority to manage regional financial reports at the Jayapura Regency Regional Financial and Asset Management Agency office, with a total of 34 employees. This type of research is quantitative. Methods of data collection using a questionnaire / questionnaire. The data analysis method used is descriptive analysis. The results of the study show (1) there is a positive and significant effect of training on the use of the regional financial accounting system, (2) there is a positive and significant effect on the clarity of objectives on the use of the regional financial accounting system, (3) there is a positive and significant effect of superior support on the use of the accounting system regional finance.
Determination of Types of Enterocytozoon bieneusi Strains Isolated from Patients with Intestinal Microsporidiosis

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT To determine the types of Enterocytozoon bieneusi strains associated with intestinal microsporidiosis, we developed a rapid and efficient approach for typing parasites obtained from stool specimens by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Typing was based on DNA polymorphism of the ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of E. bieneusi . RFLPs generated with two restriction enzymes ( Nla III and Fnu 4HI) in PCR-amplified ITS products were used to classify strains into different lineages. This approach was successfully used to differentiate 78 strains that had been obtained from the stools of 65 patients with intestinal microsporidiosis. Among the 78 strains, we found four genetically unrelated lineages, showing the genetic diversity of E. bieneusi . Type I strains of E. bieneusi were found in a majority of the samples, accounting for 51 (78%) of the 65 microsporidiosis cases. In contrast, type II, III, and IV strains were found in only 8 (12%), 3 (5%), and 3 (5%) cases, respectively. All strains of E. bieneusi we have tested so far fall into one of four different lineages, and this study shows that human intestinal microsporidiosis is most often associated with type I strains. PCR-RFLP analysis of the ITS region of E. bieneusi should be useful for epidemiological studies.