jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Distribution pattern of diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) on cabbage under Delhi conditions

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Distribution pattern of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) larvae was studied on cabbage, variety Golden Acre, grown under conditions prevailing in Delhi. It was based on various indices, viz, variance mean ratio, dispersion parameter ‘K’, David and Moore's index, Lexis index, Charlier coefficient and Lloyd pachiness index. The larval population followed aggregated distribution pattern throughout the crop growth period during the two consecutive rabi seasons (1997–98 and 1998–99).
National Health Interview Survey, 1995: Immunization Supplement

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The purpose of the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) is to obtain information about the amount and distribution of illness, its effects in terms of disability and chronic impairments, and the kinds of health services people receive. This supplement includes variables from the NHIS core Person File (see NATIONAL HEALTH INTERVIEW SURVEY, 1995 [ICPSR 2533]), including sex, age, race, marital status, veteran status, education, income, industry and occupation codes, and limits on activity. Variables in the supplement include vaccines received by children under 6 years old for diphtheria/tetanus/pertussis (DPT), polio, measles or MMR, hemophilus type B or Hib, and hepatitis B, number of shots the child received for each type of vaccine, and other types of shots received. Interviews were conducted with adult respondents, and vaccine information was gathered, when possible, from records maintained by the family.
Amblyopic patient adherence under patching treatment

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of text messaging in improving adherence to occlusion therapy for amblyopia. The secondary objective was to correlate the responses given in a self-reporting questionnaire with treatment outcome (improvement in visual acuity). Methods: This is a prospective, randomized, blinded clinical trial. The patients’ parents or legal guardians in the intervention group received text messages reminding them of the importance of patching. The control group received no text messages. At final evaluation, after a period of three to six months, the patients’ parents or legal guardians answered a self-reporting questionnaire to evaluate adherence to treatment. Results: The study included 34 patients with an average age of 5.35 years, 20 in the intervention group and 14 in the control group. According to the results of the self-reporting questionnaire, 50% of the study population was considered as having low adherence to treatment, 29% as having medium adherence, and 21% as having good adherence. There was no significant difference between trial groups. The comparison between an improvement in visual acuity and the mean value obtained in the self-reporting questionnaire showed a significant association between this improvement and adherence to treatment (p=0.03). Conclusion: The present study did not find a correlation between text messaging and an improvement in adherence to occlusion therapy, as shown by previous studies for different treatments. A statistically significant association was identified between an improvement in visual acuity and a good therapeutic adherence, as measured by the self-reporting questionnaire. This finding allows us to recommend using a self-reporting questionnaire as a simple method to measure adherence to treatment and help decisions about therapeutic strategies to be adopted in the patient's continuing treatment.
Comparative performance of various maize (Zea mays L.) cultivars for yield and related attributes under semi-arid environment

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Maize (Zea mays L.) crop is used both for food and feed purpose. However, its yield level is much lower than the potential due to plant density, inadequate fertilizer use, inadequate water supply, weed infestation, insect pest attack and the selection of unsuitable cultivars under a given set of environments. Suitable hybrid improves the growth yield and quality of maize. Keeping this in view, the present study was therefore, designed to compare the production potential of different available maize cultivars (V1= Rafhan-2396, V2=Rafhan-2331, V3=Rafhan-2395, V4=Rafhan-2301, V5=Rafhan-2315, V6= Rafhan-2303, V7=Rafhan-3333, V8=FH-1898, V9=FH-1046, V10=FH-985, V11=DK-91) and to select a suitable one for maximum yield potential under the Agro-climatic conditions of Sargodha. The experiment was laid out in RCBD having three replications. Data regarding plant population at harvest, days to tasseling, days to silking, plant height at maturity (cm), number of cobs per plant, number of grains per cob, number of grain rows per cob, grain weight per cob (g), cob length (cm), 1000-grain weight (g), grain yield (kg ha-1), biological yield (kg ha-1), harvest index (%) and grain to pith ratio was taken with standard procedure. Results of the experiment indicated that maximum plant population at harvest (200.67), number of cobs per plant (1.30), cob length (20.57 cm), number of rows per cob (20), number of grains per cob (611.67), 1000-grain weight (263.87 g), grain weight per cob (163.23 g), grain yield (6920 kg ha-1), biological yield (19687 kg ha-1), harvest index (36.72%), grain pith ratio (5.17) were obtained from DK-919. In view of the above results, it can be concluded that maize hybrid DK-919 has better potential for grain yield as compared to other hybrids.
Imaging Biomarkers of Oral Dysplasia and Carcinoma Measured with In Vivo Endoscopic Optical Coherence Tomography

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Optical coherence tomography is a noninvasive imaging technique that provides three-dimensional visualization of subsurface tissue structures. OCT has been proposed and explored in the literature as a tool to assess oral cancer status, select biopsy sites, or identify surgical margins. Our endoscopic OCT device can generate widefield (centimeters long) imaging of lesions at any location in the oral cavity—but it is challenging for raters to quantitatively assess and score large volumes of data. Leveraging a previously developed epithelial segmentation network, this work develops quantifiable biomarkers that provide direct measurements of tissue properties in three dimensions. We hypothesize that features related to morphology, tissue attenuation, and contrast between tissue layers will be able to provide a quantitative assessment of disease status (dysplasia through carcinoma). This work retrospectively assesses seven biomarkers on a lesion-contralateral matched OCT dataset of the lateral and ventral tongue (40 patients, 70 sites). Epithelial depth and loss of epithelial–stromal boundary visualization provide the strongest discrimination between disease states. The stroma optical attenuation coefficient provides a distinction between benign lesions from dysplasia and carcinoma. The stratification biomarkers visualize subsurface changes, which provides potential for future utility in biopsy site selection or treatment margin delineation.
Microstructure details and impact toughness for dissimilar 9Cr/CrMoV welded joints fabricated by NG-SAW and NG-TIG techniques

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Narrow gap submerged arc welding (NG-SAW) and narrow gap tungsten inert gas welding (NG-TIG) with multi-layer and multi-pass techniques were used to join the advanced 9Cr and CrMoV steels. The relationship between the impact toughness and microstructure of the dissimilar welded joint fabricated by these two different welding techniques was systematically investigated. By the impact tests, the results indicated that the average impact energy of the specimen welded by NG-TIG (154.0 J) was five times as high as the one (29.2 J) welded by NG-SAW. Interestingly, an amount of fine second phase particles were detected on the basis of the results. In particular, the precipitates in the welded joint by NG-TIG were much smaller than those by NG-SAW attributing to the faster heat input. Generally, NG-TIG was operated at a faster manufacturing speed, which could lead to a faster cooling of the weld pool and therefore refine the microstructure of the weld. However, no significant differences in the metallographic structure of the whole welded joint could be traced even they suffered different welding techniques. The main microstructure of the WM was tempered martensite in both kinds of specimens. Therefore, the fine dispersed phases could account for the much higher impact toughness of the dissimilar joint prepared by NG-TIG than that via NG-SAW.
The prognostic value of glycerol‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase 1‐like expression in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aims In this study, we sought to determine the prognostic significance of glycerol‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase 1‐like ( GPD 1L) expression in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma ( HNSCC ). Methods and results The mRNA levels of GPD1L were measured in 70 paired HNSCC and corresponding adjacent normal tissues using real‐time PCR. GPD1L protein levels were evaluated in HNSCC from 135 patients using immunohistochemical staining. Correlations were analysed between GPD1L levels and local recurrence rate, regional recurrence rate, second primary malignancy rate), disease‐free survival (DFS) and disease‐specific survival ( DSS ). The results of real‐time PCR showed that, compared with the paired normal tissues, mRNA levels of GPD1L were decreased significantly in HNSCC ( P < 0.001). Patients whose tumours showed high GPD1L protein expression had a significantly better prognosis than those whose tumours showed low expression (61.3% versus 21.4%, P < 0.001 for DFS; 68% versus 39.3%, P = 0.001 for DSS). High GPD1L expression was associated with a lower local recurrence rate than low GPD1L expression ( P = 0.049). Multivariate survival analysis also showed that GPD1L expression was an independent prognostic factor ( P = 0.001). Conclusions Our results indicate that the GPD 1L expression is a strong predictor for local recurrence and survival in HNSCC .
Macular buckling and pars plana vitrectomy for retinitis pigmentosa with posterior staphyloma and macular hole

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We describe a case of myopic macular hole (MMH) associated with posterior pole staphyloma (PPS) and foveal detachment (FD) complicated by the presence of Retinitis Pigmentosa (RP). The patient underwent combined macular buckling (MB) and pars plana vitrectomy (PPV). Two month post-operatively, the optical coherence tomography (OCT) showed a closed macular hole with flattened posterior pole. The challenges posed by a FD due to a MMH complicated both by a PPS and RP have been elaborated. A significant anatomical and visual improvement was achieved, providing better central vision in a patient with already compromised peripheral vision.
Switching Stability

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Motivated by questions in robust control and switched linear dynamical systems, we consider the problem checking whether all convex combinations of k matrices in Rn×n are stable. In particular, we are interested whether there exist algorithms which can solve this problem in time polynomial in n and k. We show that if k = ⌈nd ⌉ for any fixed real d&gt; 0, then the problem is NP-hard, meaning that no polynomial-time algorithm in n exists provided that P ̸ = NP, a widely believed conjecture in computer science. On the other hand, when k is a constant independent of n, then it is known that the problem may be solved in polynomial time in n. Using these results and the method of measurable switching rules, we prove our main statement: verifying the absolute asymptotic stability of a continuous-time switched linear system with more than nd matrices Ai ∈ Rn×n satisfying 0 ≽ Ai + AT i is NP-hard. I.
Assessment of DNA Methylation Patterns in the Bone and Cartilage of a Nonhuman Primate Model of Osteoarthritis

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Overall, the 450K array can be used to measure genome-wide DNA methylation in baboon tissues and identify significant associations with complex traits. The results of this study indicate that some DNA methylation patterns associated with OA are evolutionarily conserved, while others are not. This warrants further investigation in a larger and more phylogenetically diverse sample set.
Polariton spectra under the collective coupling regime. II. 2D non-linear spectra

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

In our previous work [Mondal et al., J. Chem. Phys. 162, 014114 (2025)], we developed several efficient computational approaches to simulate exciton–polariton dynamics described by the Holstein–Tavis–Cummings (HTC) Hamiltonian under the collective coupling regime. Here, we incorporated these strategies into the previously developed Lindblad-partially linearized density matrix (L-PLDM) approach for simulating 2D electronic spectroscopy (2DES) of exciton–polariton under the collective coupling regime. In particular, we apply the efficient quantum dynamics propagation scheme developed in Paper I to both the forward and the backward propagations in the PLDM and develop an efficient importance sampling scheme and graphics processing unit vectorization scheme that allow us to reduce the computational costs from O(K2)O(T3) to O(K)O(T0) for the 2DES simulation, where K is the number of states and T is the number of time steps of propagation. We further simulated the 2DES for an HTC Hamiltonian under the collective coupling regime and analyzed the signal from both rephasing and non-rephasing contributions of the ground state bleaching, excited state emission, and stimulated emission pathways.
Climate Politics in Brazil: Public Awareness, Social Transformations and Emissions Reduction

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Recent advances in aspects of Brazilian climate policy have led to a significant reduction in the rate of carbon emissions from deforestation in the Amazonian region of the country. Despite the notable progress made in this area, Brazil still faces significant social, economic and political challenges in embedding a low-carbon model of economic development. The aims of this chapter are to provide a critical examination of the forces shaping Brazilian climate politics over the past decade and the major obstacles to the deepening of climate mitigation policy in Brazil, and to examine political strategies that the Brazilian government could use to avoid or moderate these constraining forces. In order to achieve these aims, the chapter is divided into six sections. In the first, we analyse Brazil's status in the global economy and the country's unique significance in the global carbon cycle. In the second section, we outline the main features of Brazil's greenhouse gas trajectory, focusing on Brazil's key emissions sources: deforestation, agriculture and cattle, energy, industry and waste. In the third section, we provide an overview of governing structures in Brazil relevant to climate and energy policies. In the fourth, we highlight the major features of Brazilian climate politics and policies in the last two decades, noting the growing awareness of climate issues in the country and the evolution of mitigation measures since 2009.KeywordsGross Domestic ProductCarbon EmissionEmission ReductionClean Development MechanismClimate PolicyThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Polyphenolic fingerprints of different organs of Rosa hybrida cv. 'Jardin de Granville'

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The parfum giant Christian Dior uses Rosa hybrida cultivar 'Jardin de Grandville', a delicate clear pink flower, in some luxury cosmetic formulations. This cultivar has been selected not only for its beauty but also for its resistance to diseases. Herein the phytochemical content of 16 different plant organs of this plant [winter woods (ww), shoots (sp sh), early buds (eb), buds before flowering (bbf1), flowers (first flowering period, spring) (flo1), four different flower parts (petals (pet), sepals (sep), receptacles (rec) and stamens (sta)), leaves (lea), summer woods (sw), summer shoots (su sh), buds before flowering (bbf2), flowers (second flowering period, summer) (flo2), roots and fruits] are investigated by RP-UHPLC coupled with DAD and ESI-UHR-Q-TOF-MS. The main focus was the polyphenols that have diverse functions in the plant (e.g. coloration, antioxidant activities, defense molecules against pathogens). By combination of UV, MS data and comparison with reference standards, around 130 phenolic compounds corresponding to tannins derived from quinic, gallic and ellagic acid, quercetin derivatives and kaempferol derivatives were identified. Statistical analyses (PCA, HAC and ANOVA) pointed out clear differences between vegetative (woods, shoots and leaves) and reproductive (flowers and buds) organs. The vegetative part shows a high amount of hydrolysable tannins and catechin derivatives whereas the reproductive organs are richer in specific kaempferol derivatives. Hence some molecules seem to be ubiquitous in the all plant, while other ones could be used as developmental stage markers.
Notulae to the Italian flora of algae, bryophytes, fungi and lichens: 11

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In this contribution, new data concerning bryophytes, fungi, and lichens of the Italian flora are presented. It includes new records and confirmations for the bryophyte genera Aneura , Aulacomnium , Dumortiera , Fossombronia , Hennediella , Hygrohypnella , Pohlia , Porella , Riccardia , Tortella , and Tortula , the fungal genera Cortinarius , Mycena , Naucoria , Trichoglossum , and Tubaria and the lichen genera Agonimia , Blastenia , Chaenotheca , Cladonia , Endocarpon , Gyalecta , Lecanographa , Parmeliella , Porpidia , Stenhammarella , and Thelidium .
Photochemical\nDeracemization at sp<sup>3</sup>‑Hybridized\nCarbon Centers via a Reversible Hydrogen Atom Transfer

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A photochemical deracemization\nof 5-substituted 3-phenylimidazolidine-2,4-diones\n(hydantoins) is reported (27 examples, 69%-quant., 80–99% <i>ee</i>). The reaction is catalyzed by a chiral diarylketone\nwhich displays a two-point hydrogen bonding site. Mechanistic evidence\n(DFT calculations, radical clock experiments, H/D labeling) suggests\nthe reaction to occur by selective hydrogen atom transfer (HAT). Upon\nhydrogen binding, one substrate enantiomer displays the hydrogen atom\nat the stereogenic center to\nthe photoexcited catalyst allowing for a HAT from the substrate and\neventually for its conversion into the product enantiomer. The product\nenantiomer is not processed by the catalyst and is thus enriched in\nthe photostationary state.
The Theme of Love in Paulo Coelho’s Select Novels

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Coelho’s popular `The Alchemist` is not a novel on the roles of men and women and it is not making any statement about mundane love except talking about a mystical Universal love. But it does say about love being one of the most important and valuable treasures that can be found. The other novels are equally mystical leaning much on Erosand Agape. Rather they try to show the inner lanes of agape. This is a brief attempt to show the author’s experience of agape is not only universal but also personal.
Large Thrombosed Internal Carotid-Posterior Communicating Artery Aneurysm Presenting with Atypical Trigeminal Neuralgia: A Case Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We report a case of a large thrombosed internal carotid-posterior communicating artery aneurysm presenting with atypical trigeminal neuralgia. A 67-year-old woman presented with atypical trigeminal neuralgia of the left ophthalmic nerve territory. The patient underwent several nerve block therapies for the pain, and the symptoms got better each time. The patient considered neurosurgery after a left oculomotor palsy occurred. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a left partially thrombosed large internal carotid-posterior communicating artery aneurysm distorting the left trigeminal nerve. The aneurysm was successfully treated using the neck clipping method, following which, both the trigeminal neuralgia and oculomotor nerve palsy improved.
Argentina's Turmoil: The Politics of Informality and the Roots of Economic Meltdown

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article argues that Argentina's current economic crisis cannot be fully understood without an analysis of recent political processes. It defines the politics of informality that have characterised Argentina's democracy-building processes. This de-institutionalisation of politics was perceived as the facilitator of democratic consolidation, state reform and economic restructuring. In practice, the politics of informality contributed to the crisis of 2001. The article begins by analysing the scale of the political and economic crisis from 1999. It is followed by an analysis of the politics of informality implemented by the Raúl Alfonsín and Carlos Menem's governments and then goes on to explain the consequences of informal politics. Finally, it concludes by outlining the main factors that conspire against democracy and economic stability in Argentina.
The Importance of Indirect Hemagglutination Test in the Diagnosis of Cystic Echinococcosis: Serological– Histopathological Correlation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: We aimed to determine the reliability of indirect hemagglutination test and its relationship with cyst characteristics in cystic echinococcosis. Methods: The study included 275 cases with indirect hemagglutination test requisition in Siirt; 23 of them were histopathologically examined and 17 of them were diagnosed as cystic echinococcosis. Indirect hemagglutination values (positive: ≥1/160 titrations) and patient and cyst characteristics were recorded. Accuracy rate, sensitivity, and specificity of the indirect hemagglutination test were calculated by comparing the histopathological diagnosis. The relationship between indirect hemagglutination titers and cyst characteristics was investigated. Results: Seventeen cases had cystic echinococcosis diagnosis by indirect hemagglutination test and/or histopathology. Female : male ratio was 1.8 : 1 (P < .003), and mean age was higher in women (29.5) than in men (14.1) (P < .031). There was only 1 false-negative case in the indirect hemagglutina- tion test. The accuracy rate, sensitivity, and specificity of the indirect hemagglutination test for detecting cystic echinococcosis were 96%, 94%, and 100%, respectively. The most common cyst localization was the liver (58.8%). Among indirect hemagglutination-positive cases, the largest cyst had the highest indirect hemagglutination titration. Liver-located cases had the highest titration level, while lung-located ones had the lowest. The lowest titration level was only seen in the cases with a single cyst, while most cases with the highest titration level had multiple cysts. Conclusion: Cystic echinococcosis is a common public health problem especially in eastern Turkey. Indirect hemagglutination is a reliable, practical, and inexpensive method for both diagnosis and follow-up. We presented the first study that deals with the data of Siirt regarding cystic echinococ- cosis, but large-scale studies are needed for more information. Cite this article as: Yülek Ö, Genç Bahçe Y, Demir H. The importance of indirect hemagglutination test in the diagnosis of cystic echinococcosis: Serological–histopathological correlation. Cerrahpaşa Med J. 2023;47(2):129-134.