jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Cleavage of oligosaccharides by rat kidney sialidase Influence of substrate structure

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The specificity of the sialidase activity present in rat kidney cortex (12 000 × g pellet) was studied with various tritiated oligosaccharidic substrates: (i) αNeuAc2 → 3βGall → 4Glc‐itol[ 3 H], αNeuAc2 → 6βGall → 4Glc‐itol[ 3 H] and αNeuAc2 → 8αNeuAc2 → 3βGall → 4Glc‐itol[ 3 H] from bovine colostrum; (ii) α‐NeuAc2 → 6βGall → 4βGlcNAc‐itol[ 3 H], αNeuAc2 → 3βGal1 → 4βGlcNAcl → 2αManl → 3βMan1 → 4GlcNAc‐itol[ 3 H]. αNeuAc2 → 6βGall → 4βGlcNAcl → 2αManl α 3(βGall → 4GlcNAcl → 2αManl → 6)βManl → 4GlcNAc‐itol [ 3 H]et αNeuAc2 → 6βGall → 4βGlcNAcl → 2αManl‐3(αNeuAc2 → 6βGall → 4βGlcNAcl → 2αManl → 6)βManl 4GlNAc‐itol[ 3 H] isolated from the urine of a patient with mucolipidosis I. The enzyme cleaves α2 → 3 and α2 → 8 linkages at a greater rate than the α2 → 6 bonds. Its activity decreases with the length of the oligosaccharidic chain. Substitution of a glucose moiety by Nacetylglucosamine results in diminished activity. The specificity of rat kidney sialidase differs from that reported for other mammalian of viral sialidases.
Lagrangian techniques for solving a class of zero-one integer linear programs

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We consider a class of zero-one integer programming feasibility problems (0-1 ILPF problems) in which the coefficients of variables can be integers, and the objective is to find an assignment of binary variables so that all constraints are satisfied. We propose a Lagrangian formulation in the continuous space and develop a gradient search in this space. By using two counteracting forces, one performing gradient search in the primal space (of the original variables) and the other in the dual space (of the Lagrangian variables), we show that our search algorithm does not get trapped in local minima and reaches equilibrium only when a feasible assignment to the original problem is found. We present experimental results comparing our method with backtracking and local search (based on random restarts). Our results show that 0-1 ILPF problems of reasonable sizes can be solved by an order of magnitude faster than existing methods.
Comparative analysis of the pion-nucleus scattering within the microscopic Folding and the local Kisslinger type potentials

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

\nElastic scattering cross sections are calculated and compared to the data of π± + 28Si and 40Ca at energies 130, 180, and 230 MeV by using the both microscopic optical potentials (OP), the high-energy folding and the local Kisslinger type potentials. In the folding OP, we use the known nuclear density distributions while parameters of the elementary πN-scattering amplitude are fitted to the data with the aim to estimate the inmedium effect on pions scattered on bound nucleons. As to the local modified Kisslinger OP its parameters are known from the earlier studies. The cross sections for both OPs are calculated by solving the Klein-Gordon wave equation, and thus the relativistic and distortion effects on the process are accounted for exactly. A fairly well agreement with experimental data was obtained and the decisive role of a surface region of potentials was established where both OPs occur in close coincidence.\n
MEDICO-ETHNOZOOLOGY: A SURVEY OF ANTIFERTILITY AND ABORTIFACIENT AGENTS OF ZOOLOGICAL ORIGIN USED BY TRIBES OF RAJASTHAN

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Indian Journal of Scientific Research(IJSR):Calls for Unique, Unpublished research papers in Botany, Zoology, Chemistry, Physics, Mathematics, Medical Sciences, Agricultural Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Natural Sciences Technological Sciences and any other branch of related sciences
Advancement of platelet-inspired nanomedicine

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Human platelets play important roles in several physiologic and pathologic processes. Any defects in platelet number and function can lead to a variety of bleeding complications; platelet transfusions are commonly used to improve platelet count and hemostatic function in these cases. However, transfusions are complicated by the short storage life of donated platelets and contamination risks. Synthetic platelet substitutes can render efficient hemostasis while allowing advantages of large-scale preparation, minimum contamination risk via effective sterilization, longer shelf-life, no need for blood type matching, and reduced risks of biologic or pathologic side effects. Recent efforts in synthetic platelet design have additionally focused on applications including hemostasis, drug delivery, and targeted delivery of cancer therapeutics. In the present review, we summarize the advancement of platelet-inspired nanomedicine for artificial blood component, tumor research, and treatment of thrombi.
Biologically Inspired Organic Light-Emitting Diodes

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Many animal species employ highly conspicuous traits as courtship signals for successful mating. Fireflies utilize their bioluminescent light as visual courtship signals. In addition to efficient bioluminescent light emission, the structural components of the firefly lantern also contribute to the enhancement of conspicuous optical signaling. Recently, these firefly lantern ultrastructures have attracted much interest and inspired highly efficient light management approaches. Here we report on the unique optical function of the hierarchical ultrastructures found in a firefly (Pyrocoelia rufa) and their biological inspiration of highly efficient organic light-emitting diode (OLED) applications. The hierarchical structures are comprised of longitudinal nanostructures and asymmetric microstructures, which were successfully replicated using geometry-guided resist reflow, replica molding, and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) oxidation. The external quantum efficiency (EQE) of the bioinspired OLEDs was enhanced by up to 61%. The bioinspired OLEDs clearly showed side-enhanced super-Lambertian emission with a wide-viewing angle. The highly efficient light extraction and wide-angle illumination suggest how the hierarchical structures likely improve the recognition of firefly optical courtship signals over a wide-angle range. At the same time, the biologically inspired designs provide a new paradigm for designing functional optical surfaces for lighting or display applications.
Management of periorbital hemangioma by intralesional glucocorticoids and systemic propranolol: a single-center retrospective study.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Periorbital hemangioma may lead to the vision impairment so effective treatment should be adopted in time. In this study, we made a retrospective analysis of intralesional glucocorticoids and systemic propranolol in the management of periorbital hemangioma. From Jan. 2006 to Dec. 2013, twenty-five children with periorbital hemangioma were enrolled into this study. Among them, sixteen children accepted intralesional injection of compound betamethasone preparation. Eight children accepted systemic propranolol. One child accepted both of the two treatments. The follow-up period ranged from 6 months to 60 months. The results showed that in the patients with intralesional compound betamethasone preparation, 13/16 patients' tumors involuted completely. 3/16 patients' tumors didn't involute completely at the end of follow-up. In the patients with systemic propranolol, 8/8 patients' tumors involuted almost completely. One patient didn't respond to intralesional glucocorticoids, and so switched to systemic propranolol, which lead to the involution of tumor finally. The adverse effects in the patients with intralesional glucocorticoids included local soft tissue atrophy, local ulcer, and Cushing-like manifestations, which occurred in three patients respectively. In the patients with systemic propranolol, mild diarrhoea occurred in one child. According to our observation, both of intralesional glucocorticoids and systemic propranolol achieved good results in the management of periorbital hemangioma. Systemic propranolol showed superiority in efficacy and safety. We recommend systemic propranolol as the first-line therapy. However, for the children who can't tolerate systemic propranolol, intralesional glucocorticoids still is a feasible choice.
New Insights on Potential Sources of Hydrocarbons in the Gippsland Basin

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

To better define the hydrocarbon generation characteristics of potential source rocks in the Upper Cretaceous–Paleogene Latrobe Group of the Gippsland Basin, pyrolysis and kinetic experiments were performed on 91 shale, coal and coaly shale samples. These lithofacies contain predominantly Type III and Type II/III kerogen, with the occasional occurrence of Type II and Type I kerogen, all with capacity for oil and gas generation. The shales and coaly shales have consistently higher Hydrogen Indices (mean 300 mgHC/gTOC), than those exhibited by the coals (mean <200 mgHC/gTOC) from the Halibut Subgroup (L. balmei and F. longus biozones). Nevertheless, using open-system pyrolysis gas chromatography these coals show the potential to generate high wax paraffinic−naphthenic−aromatic (PNA) oils, as well as large volumes of gas. The shales and coaly shales also generate PNA oils with both high and low wax content. Hydrocarbons released upon pyrolysis from hydrogen-rich shales within the L. balmei and F. longus biozones produce high wax-paraffinic oils, as do those from the Golden Beach Subgroup (T. lilliei biozone), whereas shales from the stratigraphically older N. senectus and T. apoxyexinus biozones produce gas-condensate. The aliphatic- and phenolic-rich composition of the pyrolysates from the L. balmei, F. longus and T. lilliei biozones are in agreement with the waxy nature of the crude oils found in the Central Deep. However, gas-condensate and light oil, as occurs within fields on the southeastern margin, could originate from the N. senectus and T. apoxyexinus biozones. The onset of bulk petroleum generation from the Latrobe Group, predicted using open-system pyrolysis (at a constant geological heating rate of 3.3°C/Ma), ranges from 125 to 142°C, with the main phase of generation occurring from 155 to 178°C. In response to increased thermal stress under closed system pyrolysis, four shale samples from the Latrobe Group have the potential to produce variable petroleum compositions. During the early and main stages of petroleum generation, black oils with variable GORs (107–222 Sm3/Sm3) are generated from the shales. In contrast, either black oils with higher GORs, light oils, or wet gases are produced at higher levels of thermal maturation. Results based on the present data-set indicate that shales and coaly shales of the Latrobe Group, rather than coals, seem to have a more significant role in sourcing the oil accumulations in the Gippsland Basin.
Enhanced Courses Using Teacher-Tested Modules

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

University faculties are under increasing pressure to do more with less. They are expected to continuously improve educational experiences to more students at less expense. Without help, the increasing demands and decreasing resources may prove too great. Merlot is a project designed to provide quality, online exercises to enhance the learning experience. The materials in Merlot are peer reviewed by both experts in the discipline and users of the materials. Quality of content, potential effectiveness as a teaching tool, and ease of use are the key areas of review process. This paper provides a explanation of Merlot, the peer review process, and examples of Merlot modules in business.
Epidemiology of Parasitic Infections in the West Bank and Gaza Strip, Palestine

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Parasitic infections are a public health problem that affects all population levels in developing countries including Palestine. The current study describes the epidemiology of parasitic infections in Palestine from 2008 to 2017. Twelve prominent parasitic infections were reported: leishmaniasis (both cutaneous and visceral), malaria, hydatid disease caused by hydatid cysts, toxoplasmosis, ascariasis, oxyuriasis, strongyloidiasis, taeniasis caused by Taenia saginata , amebiasis, giardiasis, and scabies. A total of 137,106 cases were reported; among them, 92,494 (67%) in the Gaza Strip and 44,612 (33%) in the West Bank. This study provides baseline information for better understanding the status of parasitic infections in Palestine and compares their epidemiology between the West Bank and Gaza Strip. Appropriate control measures and health education directed to the public about preventive measures should be considered to raise awareness about parasitic infections to lower their incidences and burden in Palestine.
Detecting a light Higgs boson at the Fermilab Tevatron through enhanced decays to photon pairs

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We analyze the prospects of the Tevatron for finding a Higgs boson in the two photon decay mode. We conclude that the Standard Model (SM) Higgs boson will likely not be discovered in this mode. However, we motivate several theories beyond the SM, including the MSSM, that predict a Higgs boson with enhanced branching fractions into photons, and calculate the luminosity needed to discover a general Higgs boson at the Tevatron by a two-photon invariant mass peak at large transverse momentum. We find that a high luminosity Tevatron will play a significant role in discovering or constraining these theories.
Effect of Different Organic Manures on the Growth of Screw Vallisneria, Vallisneria spiralis Linne 1753

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The aim of this study is to determine the role of different organic manures viz. raw cattle dung, poultry waste and vermicompost on the growth of V. spiralis in the container in open and shadow environmental condition.
Experiment was conducted to study the role of different organic manures viz. cattle manure, poultry manure and vermicompost on the growth of V. spiralis in 100 g capacity pot for 28 days. All the manures were applied at the rate of 2 g pot -1 . Significant difference was not found among the treatments for water parameters, while significant difference was observed for nutrients of soil. Plastic pools manured with poultry and cattle manure did not show significant difference for final biomass, total length, number of leaf and runners of V. spiralis .
It was concluded that the application of cattle manure with soil increase biomass, total length and produced good leaf quality of V. spiralis .
Pregnancy and aesthetic procedures: understanding the indications and risks

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The topic of aesthetic treatments being performed during pregnancy is commonly debated among practitioners, as there are limited studies and data available on the subject. A review of the literature was undertaken by the author to provide aesthetic practitioners with knowledge that can be applied to their clinical practice. Information was taken from a number of sources and a search was performed online on PubMed using relevant search terms. This was then supplemented by looking at individual treatments or active ingredients commonly used in the aesthetics sector, which had little in the way of information or published studies on their use during pregnancy. The research findings showed that certain ingredients and procedures were likely to be safe when treating pregnant women, but that studies to support this are limited. With a clear lack of evidence, the author's research findings seem to suggest a cautious approach when treating pregnant women. Conducting such studies on pregnant women to give aesthetic practitioners more accurate data would prompt serious ethical and medico-legal discussions, and so is unlikely to occur. In essence, although some procedures and products are in theory deemed safe to be used on pregnant women, it is at the discretion of the practitioner to establish any benefits over the risks. One UK insurance company stated that it would take a cautious approach and that while there are no legal issues around administering treatments, each case would be reviewed on an individual basis. Overall, it would seem sensible to suggest that elective aesthetic procedures are postponed until after pregnancy, particularly as many of the bothersome physiological changes that occur during this period resolve naturally.
Biodiesel Production by Enzymatic Transesterification of Olive Oil

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Chemical processes for production of biodiesel are well known. There are three general pathways to ester production from oils and fats: a) base catalyzed transesterification of the oil with alcohol, b) direct acid catalyzed esterification of the oil with methanol, and c) conversion of the oil to fatty acids and alkyl esters through acid catalysis. However, new biochemical routes to biodiesel production, based on the use of enzymes, have recently become very attractive.
Risk factors for woman-to-man sexual transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus. Italian Study Group on HIV Heterosexual Transmission.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A cross-sectional study of stable monogamous couples, recruited from 16 clinical and surveillance centers in Italy between 1987 and 1992, was carried out to investigate the risk factors of woman-to-man sexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The male partners of all HIV-infected women attending the centers were invited to participate in the study. Of the 275 male partners who were tested for HIV and interviewed with use of a structured questionnaire, 51 were excluded because they had other possible risk factor for HIV infection, no established risk factor was found in the index case, or they had stopped engaging in sexual intercourse. Fourteen of the 224 men (6.3%) were seropositive for HIV. At logistic regression, the highest risks of transmission were for men practicing peno-anal intercourse [odds ratio (OR), 4.6; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.0-22.2] and for men whose partner had acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) or a CD4+ lymphocyte count of < or = 400/mm3. No seropositive men were observed among those who were aware of the woman's HIV seropositivity since the beginning of the relationship or were partners of a zidovudine-treated woman. The results suggest that the risk factors described in man-to-woman and man-to-man HIV sexual transmission also operate in woman-to-man transmission.
SH0957586.10FU

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.
[Cancer of the stomach: an epidemiologic, diagnostic and therapeutic study].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The authors report 203 cases of gastric cancer collected between 1974 and 1987 without prior selection. Analysis of these records provided the following information: From an epidemiological viewpoint, there was no predominance of blood group A; a certain number of gastric lesions preceded or coexisted with the cancer. From a clinical viewpoint epigastric pain and general physical deterioration were the most frequent presenting signs. Physical examination was normal in 32.5% of patients, while 34.4% presented a palpable epigastric mass. Diagnosis was confirmed by a combination of radiology (transit studies of oesophagus, stomach and duodenum) and endoscopy with multiple biopsies. These procedures were carried out in 88% and 72% of patients respectively. 87% of patients were operable and resection was possible in 50%. Subtotal gastrectomy was performed in 61% of cases where resection was possible. The overall operative mortality was 8.5% and 20% for extended total gastrectomy. Actuarial survival was only correctly evaluated in 42% of operated patients. It was estimated to be 5%.
PRESERVATION OF CABERNET SAUVIGNON GRAPE MUST SAMPLES DESTINED FOR CHEMICAL ANALYSIS: ADDITION OF SODIUM AZIDE, ALLYL ISOTHIOCYANATE, OCTANOIC ACID AND ETHYL BROMOACETATE, AND EFFECT OF PASTEURIZATION

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Grape must samples destined for chemical analysis can usually be preserved just for a short period of time. As a consequence of the addition of antifermentative substances, or heat treatment, the analytical parameters of must may change. In this work, five different methods of inhibiting endogenous yeast and bacteria in Cabernet Sauvignon grape must were studied. Sodium azide (NaN3), allyl isothiocyanate, octanoic acid and ethyl bromoacetate were added to samples at various concentrations, and samples were pasteurized by three different methods. The effects of treatments were monitored with respect to soluble solids content, malic (H2M) and tartaric (H2T) acids, pH and the titratable acidity of samples. Allyl isothiocyanate and ethyl bromoacetate (100 mg/L) preserved samples for 6 months, NaN3 did not prevent the degradation of H2M and H2T and pasteurization of sample and octanoic acid did not preserve the samples.
P‐5: 27‐inch Ultra‐Narrow‐Border LCD with a Two‐Stage Output Gate Driver Circuit

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A two‐stage output gate driver circuit with a clock‐controlled inverter is proposed and investigated. High and low voltage switching of inverter diminishes the positive bias stress of amorphous silicon TFTs in the circuit. The design of one cell with two‐stage output reduces the number of blocks in the gate driver circuit by half. This circuit was successfully developed for a 27‐inch LCD product with a 1.88 mm border.
Old Testament Stories: Their purpose and their art

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Judging from repetitious appearances of her marital arms in the painted line-endings, the Psalter-Hours John Rylands Library Latin MS 117 probably belonged to Jeanne of Flanders (c.1272–1333), daughter of Count Robert III of Flanders and in 1288 second wife to Enguerrand IV of Coucy. Yet the line-endings also contain some 1,800 diminutive painted escutcheons, many of which refer to other members of the local nobility active during the 1280s. This study, based on an exhaustive survey of the total heraldic and codicological evidence, suggests that the majority of the extant Psalter predated the Hours and that the two parts were combined after the 1288 marriage. The ‘completed’ manuscript bears witness to major events that unfolded in and around the Coucy barony over the course of the decade. It suggests a complex relationship between Jeanne of Flanders and a lesser member of the local nobility, a certain Marien of Moÿ, who may have served as her attendant.