jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Histopathological Patterns of Cervical Cancer Among Females Presenting to Makerere University Pathology Core Reference Laboratory. A 5-year Review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract

Background and Aim: The global burden of cervical cancer is heavy in low- and middle-income countries, having highest rates in sub-Saharan Africa. Cervical cancer is the leading cause of cancer morbidity and mortality in Ugandan women with estimated 6959 new cases and 4607 deaths in 2020. The histopathological differentiation of cervical cancer is a major determinant in treatment options and prognosis of disease. However, there is paucity of data regarding this in Uganda. The study aimed to determine the histopathological pattern of cervical cancer among females presenting to Makerere university pathology core reference laboratory. Methods A retrospective cross-sectional study employing the use of quantitative methods of data collection was conducted within Makerere university pathology core reference laboratory. Information on patients with cervical cancer diagnosis by histology from 2017–2021 was obtained and analyzed using SPSS version 18. Results A total of 120 patients from 2017–2021 were recruited. The mean age was 47.5(SD 13.1), the youngest and oldest patients were 21 and 80 years respectively. Cervical cancer was more prevalent in women aged between 35 to 54 years 77(64.2%) and women with HIV 26(21.7%). Squamous cell carcinoma presents in 102(85%) patients was the most prevalent pattern of cervical cancer. This was followed by adenocarcinoma 7(5.8%) and adenosquamous 5(4.2%). Conclusions Cervical cancer is predominant among women with HIV and women aged 35–55 years. Squamous cell carcinoma is the most prevalent pattern of cervical cancer in Uganda present in every 9 out 10 patients. Routine screening of all HIV positive women and women aged 35 and above is recommended
SVIT: Scaling up Visual Instruction Tuning

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Thanks to the emerging of foundation models, the large language and vision models are integrated to acquire the multimodal ability of visual captioning, question answering, etc. Although existing multimodal models present impressive performance of visual understanding and reasoning, their limits are still largely under-explored due to the scarcity of high-quality instruction tuning data. To push the limits of multimodal capability, we Scale up Visual Instruction Tuning (SVIT) by constructing a dataset of 4.2 million visual instruction tuning data including 1.6M conversation question-answer (QA) pairs, 1.6M complex reasoning QA pairs, 1.0M referring QA pairs and 106K detailed image descriptions. Besides the volume, the proposed dataset is also featured by the high quality and rich diversity, which is generated by prompting GPT-4 with the abundant manual annotations of images. We also propose a new data recipe to select subset with better diversity and balance, which evokes model's superior capabilities. Extensive experiments verify that SVIT-v1.5, trained on the proposed dataset, outperforms state-of-the-art Multimodal Large Language Models on popular benchmarks. The data and code are publicly available at https://github.com/BAAI-DCAI/Visual-Instruction-Tuning.
University evaluation‐selection: a Turkish case

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Purpose The purpose of this study is to examine the university selection criteria of students for better university management with the use of marketing tools. Design/methodology/approach This study consists of a survey on students attending a foundation university in Turkey. The questionnaire method has been chosen in order to determine the important criteria having an impact on the student views towards university selection. The students had been admitted to a foundation university in the 2005‐2006 period when within the same universities various departments were included in the study. Findings The results indicate student evaluation and selection criteria in this period of time. Practical implications This paper examines the criteria that affects the selection of students and, in detail the students' point of view towards the university evaluation and selection in Turkey. This will help the university manager's decision making on the marketing tools they use. Originality/value Selecting a university is a long‐term commitment and a very important decision for the high school students and/or graduates. Academic, social, physical factors and facilities are some important criteria for university selection. This study concerns the importance of these criteria in detail.
Satellite Clusters with Constant Apparent Distribution

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The problem of creating a cluster of satellites such that the arrangement maintains its apparent relative formation as viewed from the planetary surface, without active station keeping, is considered. It is shown that it is possible to create a cluster with nearly constant circular form, but that rotates about its center. The amount of variation from the perfect circle is characterized in terms of the eccentricity of the satellite orbits. Because of the nature of the cluster, it is possible to put a large number of satellites into a cluster, with no danger of satellite collisions. An illustrative example is included.
Hunting Specialization and its Relationship to Participation in Response to Chronic Wasting Disease

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

AbstractThis article examines the influence of chronic wasting disease (CWD) on displacement and desertion among hunters of varying degrees of specialization. Data were obtained from surveys (n = 9,567) of resident and nonresident deer and elk hunters in eight states. Cluster analyses of hunters' skill, centrality, equipment, and experience revealed four specialization groups (casual, intermediate, focused, veteran). Hunters were shown hypothetical scenarios depicting CWD prevalence levels and human death from the disease, and asked what they would do (e.g., hunt in other states, quit hunting). If CWD conditions worsen (e.g., 50% prevalence, death), nonresidents were more likely to switch states (up to 46%); residents would quit (up to 38%). Among residents and nonresidents, casual hunters were most likely to quit (up to 61%); veterans were least likely (up to 23%). If CWD influences a greater proportion of casual hunters (i.e., newcomers) to quit, impacts on the future of hunting due to hunter recruitment could be catastrophic. Veteran residents were more inclined to switch states (up to 19%); casual residents were least likely to be displaced (up to 7%). For nonresidents, there were few differences among specialization groups regarding intention to switch states. Given that focused hunters exhibited low experience, but high skill and centrality, trajectories of specialization dimensions are not identical and do not increase in "lock step" fashion. Specialization, therefore, may be best suited for revealing styles of involvement and career stages in an activity rather than a linear continuum of progression.KEYWORDS: Recreation specializationchronic wasting diseasehuntingrisk behaviordisplacementwildlife management
EFFECT OF VARIED INTENSITY INTERVAL TRAINING ON SELECTED MOTOR FITNESS VARIABLES AMONG MEN FOOTBALL PLAYERS

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The purpose of the study was to find out the “effect of varied intensity interval Training on Selected motor fitness variables among Men football players". Method: To achieve the purpose of the study 45 Men students were selected from YMCA College of physical education, Chennai. The subject’s age ranged between 18 - 25 years. A pre-test and post-test randomized group design was used for this study .The randomly selected 45 college level Men students were divided in to three groups randomly consisting of 15 Students in each group. Before the training pre-test was taken for all the groups on selected motor Fitness variables, speed, agility muscular Endurance, Muscular Strength. Experimental group1 underwent six weeks of High intensity interval Training and Experimental group 2 underwent six weeks of Very high intensity interval Training and the control group did not underwent any training. The difference between the pre-test and post-test means were subjected to statistical treatment using ANCOVA, which was the influence of varied intensity interval training. In all cases 0.05 levels was fixed to test the hypothesis of the study. Findings: The results of the study proved that there was significant improvement on speed, agility, muscular strength and muscular endurance due to six weeks training compared to control group.
A CASE REPORT ON CUTIBACTERIUM ACNES- FROM COMMENSAL TO PATHOGEN

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Propionibacterium acnes (Cutibacterium acnes) is an anaerobic, gram-positive, slow growing bacteria. It can produce various virulence factors like bioactive exocellular products and metabolites. P.acnes blood isolates were considered signicant if two or more separate blood culture sets were positive on the same day and if systemic inammatory response syndrome (SIRS) was present without any alternate explanation. C.acnes if found in the blood of patients with implantable cardiac devices it should be considered as more than just a skin contaminant. These patients should be treated with appropriate therapies to prevent annihilatory consequences.
Help‐seeking for depression among Australian doctors

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Depression is common among doctors. However, concerns remain that doctors are unlikely to ask for help when symptoms of depression arise. Aims To determine rates and patterns of help‐seeking for depression among doctors and to identify predictors of and barriers to such behaviour. Methods A secondary analysis was conducted on a nation‐wide survey of 12 252 Australian doctors. The study sample consisted of doctors who reported having ever felt seriously depressed ( n = 4154; 33.9% of total sample). Rates of help‐seeking, professional help‐seeking behaviours and self‐reported barriers were explored. Logistic regression was used to examine the association between professional help‐seeking and predetermined predictive factors. Results Sixty percent (95% confidence interval (CI): 58.5–61.5) of doctors who have ever felt seriously depressed reported some form of professional help‐seeking for depression. The most common barrier to help‐seeking was ‘privacy/confidentiality’. Females (odds ratio (OR) = 1.74; 95% CI: 1.50–2.01; P < 0.001), locally trained doctors (OR = 1.34; 95% CI: 1.12–1.59; P = 0.001) and senior doctors (OR = 1.35; 95% CI: 1.14–1.61; P = 0.001) were more likely to seek professional help than their counterparts. Compared with general practitioners, psychiatrists (OR = 1.565; 95% CI: 1.15–2.13; P = 0.004) were more likely to seek professional help while surgeons (OR = 0.518; 95% CI: 0.37–0.72; P < 0.001) and pathologists/radiologists (OR = 0.695; 95% CI: 0.49–0.99; P = 0.043) were less likely. Conclusion While it is reassuring that the majority of depressed doctors were able to seek professional help, many were not. Major barriers to professional help‐seeking, particularly concerns about confidentiality and impact on career, remain a problem. Male, overseas‐trained, junior doctors, surgeons and pathologists/radiologists were less likely to seek help for depression. Targeted interventions are required to increase appropriate help‐seeking for depression in doctors.
Abstract 2938: Polo-like kinase 1: a potential therapeutic target for the management of patients with triple negative breast cancer

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Breast cancers are composed of molecularly distinct subtypes with different clinical outcomes and responses to therapy. Our aim is to discover potential therapeutic targets for triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), a poor prognosis subgroup with no targeted therapy available yet. Gene expression profiling on a cohort of 160 breast cancers including 40 TNBC revealed that the polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1), a protein kinase, is specifically over-expressed in TNBC compared to the other breast cancer subtypes. High PLK1 expression was confirmed at a proteomic level by reverse phase protein array and tissue microarray. In TNBC cell lines grown as monolayers, RNAi-mediated PLK1 depletion or small compound (BI-2536)-mediated PLK1 inhibition induced an increase in phosphorylated H2AX, G2/M arrest and apoptosis, resulting in a decrease in cell viability. In addition, a soft-agar colony assay showed that PLK1 silencing impaired tumorigenicity of TNBC cell lines. With cells grown in extracellular matrix gels (Matrigel), BI-2536 induced apoptosis specifically in TNBC cancerous versus “normal” cell lines. The in vivo anti-tumor effect of BI-2536 was investigated in two TNBC xenografts derived from patient's biopsies. When administrated as a single agent, the PLK1 inhibitor significantly impaired the tumor growth. Most importantly, administration of BI-2536 in combination with adriamycin + cyclophosphamide chemotherapy led to 100% complete response (9/9 mice). Altogether, our observations point out that PLK1 may represent an attractive therapeutic target, in association with conventional chemotherapy, for the management of patients with TNBC. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2938. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2938
Psychosocial indicators: a wide view of evaluation processes

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Questions associated with the binding of relations, in which the pertinence of indicators gain meaning and legitimization such as social conditions of production, promotion, reproduction and transformation, were raised in order to present a theoretic-methodological discussion about the construction of psychosocial indicators. Adopting the theory of social representations, the study identified that its contribution to the development of educational evaluation is insufficiently explored, even if the phenomenon of social representations is suitable to assess it. In this respect, the proposal to adopt a psychosocial paradigm with the aim of elaborating evaluation indicators in the educational context was understood from a new ethos, as well as from a renewed epistemic attitude, without ignoring the necessary rigor and seriousness for the studies.
A Capacitor-less Low Dropout Regulator for Enhanced Power Supply Rejection

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Various power supply noise sources in a system integrated circuit degrade the performance of a low dropout (LDO) regulator. In this paper, a capacitor-less low dropout regulator for enhanced power supply rejection is proposed to provide good power supply rejection (PSR) performance. The proposed scheme is implemented by an additional capacitor at a gate node of a pass transistor. Simulation results show that the PSR performance of the proposed LDO regulator depends on the capacitance value at the gate node of the pass transistor, that it can be maximized, and that it outperforms a conventional LDO regulator.
Sperm allocation strategies in a sperm heteromorphic insect

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Theories predict that in polyandrous species, the focal male should increase sperm allocation per mate in the presence of rivals to gain greater share of paternity, but in the presence of additional mates, he should reduce sperm allocation per mate to save sperm for insemination of more mates. However, empirical findings are often inconsistent and reasons behind are unclear. Furthermore, many studies use copulation duration as an estimate of the number of sperm transferred. Yet, empirical evidence for such assumption is largely lacking. Here, we used a sperm heteromorphic insect Ephestia kuehniella whose males produce two types of sperm, eupyrenes (fertile) and apyrenes (nonfertile), to test these postulations. We allowed focal males to detect chemical and acoustic but no tactile cues from rivals or additional mates both before and during mating and measured copulation duration and sperm allocation in successive copulations. We demonstrate that males transfer significantly more eupyrenes per mate in the presence of rivals and that the sperm allocation pattern persists in successive copulations under this condition. However, males do not adjust apyrene allocation in response to rivals probably because apyrenes play a relatively minor role in male reproductive success. Contrary to a previous study, focal males do not respond to additional mates most likely due to the lack of tactile cues in the present study. We reveal that sperm allocation is not a function of copulation duration in this insect for spermatophore formation and delivery occupy most of copulation duration and sperm transfer is complete near the end of copulation.
Defense Responses in Grapevine Leaves AgainstBotrytis cinereaInduced by Application of aPythium oligandrumStrain or Its Elicitin, Oligandrin, to Roots

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Pythium oligandrum is known to display antagonistic activities against several species of pathogenic fungi. It also produces an elicitor of plant defense named oligandrin, which belongs to the elicitin family (10-kDa proteins synthesized by Phytophthora and Pythium species). Here, the potential of P. oligandrum or its purified elicitin to limit the progression of B. cinerea on grapevine leaf and the resulting plant-microorganism interactions are described. P. oligandrum or oligandrin were applied to roots, and changes in the ultrastructure and at the molecular level were examined. When B. cinerea was applied to leaves of pretreated plants, leaf invasion was limited and the protection level reached about 75%. On leaf tissues surrounding B. cinerea inoculation, modifications of cuticle thickness, accumulation of phenolic compounds, and cell wall apposition were observed, indicating that grapevine can be considered reactive to elicitins. No macroscopic hypersensitive reaction associated with the elicitation treatment was observed. At the molecular level, the expression of three defense-related genes (LTP-1, β-1,3-glucanase, and stilbene synthase) was studied. RNAs isolated from B. cinerea-infected leaves of grapevine challenged or not with P. oligandrum or oligandrin were analyzed by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. In grapevine leaves, LTP-1 gene expression was enhanced in response to oligandrin, and RNA transcript levels of β-1,3-glucanase and stilbene synthase increased in response to all treatments with different magnitude. Taken together, these results open new discussion on the concept of plant reactivity to elicitins, which has until now, been mainly based on plant hypersensitive responses.
Building the right cloud solutions

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Given that cloud computing is still one of, if not the most hyped buzzword in technology these days, we think it is important to bring the community of developers together to discuss and share the initial experiences in building the cloud solutions that makes the most sense in todays reality. According to NIST[2], the four deployment models of cloud computing are community clouds, private clouds, public clouds and hybrid clouds. The workshop aims to discuss and share experiences and state of the practice in deploying these cloud models.
(Un)Available upon Request: Field Experiment on Researchers' Willingness to Share Supplementary Materials

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This article reports results of a field experiment in which two hundred e-mails were sent to authors of recent articles in economics that had promised to send the interested reader supplementary material, such as alternative econometric specifications, "upon request." The e-mails were sent either by a researcher affiliated at Columbia University, New York or the University of Warsaw, Poland; furthermore, the authors' position (assistant professor) was specified in half the e-mails only. Overall, 64% of the approached authors responded to our message, of which two thirds (44% of the entire sample) delivered the requested materials. The frequency and speed of responding and delivering were very weakly affected by the position and affiliation of the sender. Gender of affiliation of the author, number of citations or journal impact factory or the type of object in question seemed to make no difference. However, authors of published articles were much more likely to share than authors of working papers.
Lyme disease in Canada: Focus on children

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Lyme disease, the most common tick-borne infection in Canada and much of the United States, is caused by the bacteria Borrelia burgdorferi. Peak incidence for Lyme disease is among children five to nine years of age and older adults (55 to 59 years of age). The bacteria are transmitted through the bite of infected black-legged ticks of the Ixodes species. The primary hosts of black-legged ticks are mice and other rodents, small mammals, birds (which are reservoirs for B burgdorferi) and white-tailed deer. Geographical distribution of Ixodes ticks is expanding in Canada and an increasing number of cases of Lyme disease are being reported. The present practice point reviews the epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, management and prevention of Lyme disease, with a focus on children.
Modern Practice in Anesthesia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

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The impact of Rules of Origin on strategic outsourcing: an IO perspective

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Abstract This chapter considers the impact of Rules of Origins (ROOs) on two aspects of the international production fragmentation process. First, in an imperfect competitive environment with ‘strategic outsourcing’ by firms, ROOs can fullfill the function of a commitment device to be more or less aggressive in the process of international fragmentation. Second, in a context when firm-suppliers relationships are characterized by some degree of contract incompleteness, ROOs may have important implications for the incomplete contractual problems existing between downward foreign firms and potential suppliers, especially by the way they influence the outside options of the concerned parties. ROOs in such a case can be effective even without been observed as binding in equilibrium. Normative and policy implications are derived.