jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Revisiting the apparent horizon finding problem with multigrid methods

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Apparent horizon plays an important role in numerical relativity as it provides a tool to characterize the existence and properties of black holes on three-dimensional spatial slices in 3+1 numerical spacetimes. Apparent horizon finders based on different techniques have been developed. In this paper, we revisit the apparent horizon finding problem in numerical relativity using multigrid-based algorithms. We formulate the nonlinear elliptic apparent horizon equation as a linear Poisson-type equation with a nonlinear source, and solve it using a multigrid algorithm with Gauss–Seidel line relaxation. A fourth order compact finite difference scheme in spherical coordinates is derived and employed to reduce the complexity of the line relaxation operator to a tri-diagonal matrix inversion. The multigrid-based apparent horizon finder developed in this work is capable of locating apparent horizons in generic spatial hypersurfaces without any symmetries. The finder is tested with both analytic data, such as Brill–Lindquist multiple black hole data, and numerical data, including off-centered Kerr–Schild data and dynamical inspiraling binary black hole data. The obtained results are compared with those generated by the current fastest finder AHFinderDirect (Thornburg 2003 Class. Quantum Grav. 21 743), which is the default finder in the open source code Einstein Toolkit . Our finder performs comparatively in terms of accuracy, and starts to outperform AHFinderDirect at high angular resolutions ( ∼ 1 ∘ ) in terms of speed. Our finder is also more flexible to initial guess, as opposed to the Newton’s method used in AHFinderDirect . This suggests that the multigrid algorithm provides an alternative option for studying apparent horizons, especially when high resolutions are needed.
A Hybrid Multi-objective PSO-SA Algorithm for the Fuzzy Rule Based Classifier Design Problem with the Order Based Semantics of Linguistic Terms *

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

A number of studies [26, 28, 33] have shown that the method of designing fuzzy rule based classifiers (FRBCs) using multi-objective optimization evolutionary algorithms (MOEAs) clearly depends on the evolutionary quality. Each evolutionary algorithm has the advantages and the disadvantages. There are some hybrid mechanisms proposed to tackle the disadvantages of a specific algorithm by making use of the advantages of the others. To improve the application of the multi-objective particle swarm optimization with fitness sharing (MO-PSO) for the FRBC design method proposed in [33], this paper represents an application of a hybrid multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm with simulated annealing behavior (MOPSO-SA) to optimize the semantic parameters of the linguistic variables and fuzzy rule selection in designing FRBCs based on hedge algebras proposed in [7] which uses the genetic simulated annealing algorithm (GSA). By simulation, the MOPSO-SA has shown to be more efficient and produced better results than both the GSA algorithm in [7] and the MO-PSO algorithm in [33]. That is, to show a method of the FRBC design is better than another one using MOEA, the same MOEA must be used.
Toward a homologization of male genital sclerites in Coniopterygidae (Neuroptera) – A tightrope dance

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Archaeognathan Machilidae serve as a model for the serially homologous sclerites of the terminal abdominal segments 9, 10, and 11: the gonocoxites, gonostyli and gonapophyses, which have copulative function in male Neuropterida. The identity of these genital sclerites may be camouflaged by excessive modelling of form, reduction, loss or fusion of single sclerites to complexes. If the identity of a sclerite is problematic, then a hypothesis based on a gonocoxite-concept has greater heuristic value than to interpret it as an accessorial de novo structure and to assign a new name. Coniopterygidae, with a fore wing length less than 6 mm, are truly the dwarfs among Neuroptera and comprise almost 580 known species representing three subfamilies. i) Brucheiserinae – apart from their unusual eidonomic appearance – surprise us with a complete set of genital sclerites; the fact that they possess a callus cerci indicates a rather plesiomorphic pattern within the family. ii) Coniopteryginae – in spite of their heterogeneity – allow us to distinguish the gonocoxite-complexes 9, 10, and 11. iii) Aleuropteryginae are also extremely heterogeneous and confront us with completely invaginated tergite and sternite 9, as in the genus Aleuropteryx, nevertheless the gonocoxite-complexes 9, 10 and 11 are otherwise recognizable. The male gonocoxite-complex 10 generally serves as a morphological landmark in Coniopterygidae. The present hypothesis of a sister-group relationship between Aleuropteryginae and the clade Brucheiserinae + Coniopteryginae remains valid. The phylogenetic position of Coniopterygidae within the order Neuroptera – either as sister-group of all other families or of the dilarid-clade or nested somewhere else – might be resolved by the current campaign of homologization.
Anesthetic managements for correction of aortic valve regurgitation in a patient with Loeys-Dietz Syndrome - A case report -

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Loeys-Dietz Syndrome (LDS) is a recently described autosomal dominant aortic aneurysm syndrome with widespread systemic involvement. It is characterized by the triad of 1) arterial tortuosity and aneurysms, 2) hypertelorism, and 3) bifid uvula or cleft palate. A 12-year-old boy with LDS was scheduled to undergo correction of aortic valve regurgitation due to aortic annuloectasia. We report our clinical experiences of a case of LDS patient with brief review of related literatures and relevant anesthetic problems.
A Combined Discrete Event Simulation and Factorial Design Experiment for the Scheduling Problem in a Hybrid Flow Shop

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Production plants have always been confronted with the problem of scheduling, as this has a direct impact on production time and therefore on production costs. This is especially true in today's world, where it is necessary to produce a quality product at a low price and in a short time, while at the same time responding flexibly to customer demands. Due to the complexity and for economic reasons, testing different variants in a real production environment is insufficient and ineffective. For this reason, this paper proposes a new method that combines discrete event simulation and factorial design experiment to find the optimal schedule in hybrid flow shop. It was tested with the goal of achieving the minimum makespan. The results show that this method makes it possible to find improved solution very quickly. Compared to the original production schedule, the makespan could be reduced by 3 hours and 31 minutes which is reduction of 16.3%. The proposed methodology can be used in many discrete and process production plants.
ON THE INHERITANCE OF DURATION OF LIFE AND CAUSE OF DEATH

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The articles published by the Annals of Eugenics (1925–1954) have been made available online as an historical archive intended for scholarly use. The work of eugenicists was often pervaded by prejudice against racial, ethnic and disabled groups. The online publication of this material for scholarly research purposes is not an endorsement of those views nor a promotion of eugenics in any way.
Structuralist Marxism: Tel Quel and Textual Production

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

As structuralism evolved its relation to Marxism became an important and controversial issue. The central figure in this development was Louis Althusser, whose books and essays made a decisive break with the humanist Marxism previously dominant in Western Europe (in the work of Sartre, for instance) and constructed in its place a new, structuralist, Marxism.1 Althusser himself was only very marginally concerned with literature, but his influence on almost all sections of the intellectual left in France was such that his work had a considerable effect on literary theory. The old questions concerning the political significance of literature began to be posed again, but in a new and different way.
UTILIZATION OF AIR SUPPORT IN THE POLISH EMERGENCYMEDICAL SYSTE M FOR PATIENTS WITH OUT-OF-HOSPITALCARDIAC ARREST

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The aim: This study aimed to evaluate the utilization of air support in cases of OHCA in the Polish emergency medical system, in particular to assess the prevalence of return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) and to determine the 30-day survival of patients. Material and methods: A retrospective cohort study based on the analysis of aviation and medical records of all HEMS missions in 2014 was conducted. Patients’ follow-up was traced using information from nationwide databases. The inclusion criterion for the study was both the disposal of HEMS to OHCA and the appearance of OHCA during the intervention. Results: During the research period PMAR aircraft performed 8366 missions. The criteria for inclusion were met for 574 missions. Most often HEMS crews intervened in cases of OHCA in men and patients over 60 years old. In 58% of all cases OHCA has a cardiological background and the most common first rhythm was asystole. ROSC was obtained in 237 (41.2%) cases and 30-day survival was observed in 10.4% of patients in the study population. Conclusions: The utilization of air support in the Polish emergency medical system has a positive impact on the prehospital phase of the therapeutic process of OHCA patients. The cooperation between GEMS and HEMS in OHCA cases in Poland allows obtaining ROSC and 30-day survival of patients at the level of countries with the well-developed emergency medical systems in the world.
Roadmap for the design of a superconducting electron cyclotron resonance ion source for Spiral2

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A review of today achieved A/Q = 3 heavy ions beams is proposed. The daily operation A/Q = 3 ion beam intensities expected at Spiral2 are at the limit or above best record 3rd generation electron cyclotron resonance ion source (ECRIS) intensities. The necessity to build a new fully superconducting to fulfill these requirements is outlined. A discussion on the volume of the future source is proposed and the minimum value of 12 liters is derived. An analysis of the x-ray absorption superconducting ECRIS is presented based on VENUS experimental data and geometry. This study underlines the necessity to include a complete x-ray study at the time of source conception. The specifications foreseen for the new ECRIS are presented, followed with the roadmap for the design.
pH AND TEMPERATURE MODELLING ON CONSTRUCTED BIOSENSOR WITH FUZZY LOGIC

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The influence of the pH and temperature over the output current of constructed tissue biosensor for the measurement of dopamine is treated in the paper. For modelling that influence is used the fuzzy logic system. pH and temperature have a significant influence over every enzyme reaction, because those reactions are sensitive to them. For the given temperature and pH the enzyme reaction has maximum rate and that is prefer for measurement because the output current is maximal. Experiments are time-consuming and very specific for that reason it is hard to receive a big amounts of measured data. Modelling the biosensor biosensor response with the fuzzy logic is able to cope with that small number of
Simulation of the operation of a traction power supply system with various types of electrical energy storage devices

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The improvement of traction power supply systems of the transport complex is associated with the search for new technical solutions that can improve operational and energy efficiency, reliability and energy security. Electric energy storage systems make it possible to solve these problems. One of the aspects of the application of electrical energy storage systems is the voltage mode at the connection points. The studies of the operating modes of electric energy storage systems on mobile vehicles and stationary objects show the short duration of charge and discharge episodes due to the traction load of electric vehicles. An urgent task is to assess the change in the voltage level of electric energy storage systems in short-term modes when operating in traction power supply systems for various electric energy storage devices. The paper describes a model of the traction power supply system and electric rolling stock containing electric energy storage systems. The change in the degree of charge and voltage depending on their capacity and the time of the applied load is shown. For the conditions of the traction power supply system, the most preferable ones in terms of the minimum voltage level were selected.
A Genetic Study of Weight at Five Ages in Hampshire Swine2

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The results of a ten-year experiment involving ten generations of selection for heavy weights and eight generations of selection for light weights at 154 and 180 days of age in Hampshire swine are presented. A total of 2036 pigs from 288 litters in 124 sire groups are included. Rapid and Slow lines derived from a sample of the breed and maintained as closed herds became more and more distinct for 154- and 180-day weight as selection continued over the entire period. Heritability estimates for 154- and 180-day weights of 0.17 and 0.16 were obtained on the basis of line difference produced as compared to selection pressure exerted. Selection was as effective in separating the lines in later generations as in the first two, indicating the absence of important epistatic deviations from the additive scheme for these traits. Estimates based on regression of offspring on mean of parents and on intrasire regression of offspring on dam were combined and found to be 0.16 and 0.14 for 154- and 180-day weights, respectively. The less reliable method based on variance components gave heritability estimates of 0.18 and 0.44 for 154- and 180-day weights, respectively. Heritability estimates for birth-, 21- and 56-day weights of 0.07, 0.05 and 0.03, respectively, were obtained from combined regression values, while estimates of 0.28, 0.30 and 0.24 were obtained from variance components, respectively. Sex differences in weight were analyzed and boars were found to be significantly heavier than gilts by about 5 percent at birth and by about 3 percent at 21, 56, 154 and 180 days of age. Genetic correlations were estimated on the basis of weight differences produced between lines at birth, 21 and 56 days of age, by selection based solely on weights at 150, 154 or 180 days of age. It appeared from the size of the genetic correlations and the more reliable heritability estimates obtained in this study that indirect selection for heavy weights at 154 or 180 days of age on the basis of birth-, 21- or 56-day weights would be approximately 0, 20 or 50 percent as effective, respectively, as direct selection for heavy 154- or 180-day weights.
Robust Control of Nonlinear Uncertain Systems Under Generalized Matching Conditions

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper consider the problem of stabilizing nonlinear uncertain systems. First, we define for nonlinear uncertain systems the generalized matching conditions which encompass a larger class of uncertain systems than the existing matching conditions. Then, a systematic procedure of robust control design is developed for the class of systems satisfying the generalized matching conditions. The procedure is recursive and straightforward, and makes the stability results be easily established. The proposed control is a continuous and bounded function of the system state and requires only nonlinear bounding functions on the size of uncertainties. Global stability in terms of either asymptotic, exponential, or uniform ultimate bounded stability is guaranteed under the proposed control. Extension to tracking problem is shown to be trivial.
Prevalence and Nature of Self-Medication of Drugs Among Pregnant Women in Rajshahi City, Bangladesh

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The phenomenon of self-medication is a significant problem in a developing country due to easy availability of drugs. It is important in pregnancy as these agents may be teratogenic; pregnant women may be exposed to drugs that have serious harmful effects on their fetus. The present study was conducted to determine the prevalence and nature of self-medication in pregnant women in Rajshahi city, Bangladesh. The study was carried out using a self-designed standard structured questionnaire following WHO guidelines from January 2015 to April 2015. In this study, 650 pregnant women were considered as randomly selected sample from women attending for maternity care from one public hospital and five private clinics in Rajshahi City. 79 (12.2%) women use self-medication. The conditions which prompted women to obtain self-medication of drugs were gastric acidity (32.9%), infection (24.1%), cold & fever (21.5%), pain (12.7%), vomiting (8.9%) and disorders related to pregnancy (7.6%). The drugs most commonly used were antacids (27.8%) followed by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (26.6%), iron (15.2%), vitamins and minerals (12.7%), ayurvedic preparations (5.1%), antiemetic (5.1%) and antibiotics (3.8%) respectively. Most common reasons of self-medication were availability of drugs (42%), prior experience (20.8%), emergency usage (11.2%), knowledge about drugs (10.0%) and advice from traditional healers (8.0%). Moreover, 44.3% of women did not complete the course of antibiotics. Due to the adverse effects of self-medication, particularly during pregnancy, which can lead to teratogenicity or fetotoxicity, it is necessary to take some measures to preventing self-medication in pregnant women.
Multiple idiopathic invasive cervical root resorption

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

MICRR is a rare disease affecting more than 3 teeth at a time and is known to gradually involve other teeth. The etiology of this progressive disease is unknown and is usually detected as an incidental radiographic finding. This article reports one such case involving 5 teeth in a 25 year old healthy male patient who reported the chief complaint of discomfort and vague dull pain in the left mandibular posterior tooth for 3 months. Intraoral examination revealed initial occlusal pit caries on mandibular left first molar (#36) with grade I mobility, which was nontender on percussion with no vestibular findings. A panoramic radiograph showed a well defined radiolucent lesion in the cervical region on the mesial and distal surfaces of tooth #36 and the distal cervical areas of mandibular left first (#34) and second premolar (#35). Tooth #36 was extracted due to poor prognosis and subjected to histopathological investigation, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X ray (EDX or EDS) analysis. Histopathological evaluation showed cervical resorption with surface resorptive irregularities with vacuolar changes, and SEM revealed areas of lacunar resorption with irregular borders. Results of EDX analysis showed atomic % of calcium (CA) and phosphate (P) of 4.8% and 3.4%, respectively, with a CA: P ratio of 1.41:1.
Use of Asynchronous Online Discussion for 9 year-old pupils in A Science Classroom

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Young pupils are generally very enthusiastic about Science and always want to share with their classmates what they know. However, there is no enough time for class room discussion for all to participate during curriculum time. The use of Web-based forum can possibly help solve this problem by extending the classroom time. They can participate and view the postings in the forum at home or at school so long there is Internet Connection. This paper describes how a primary school teacher used asynchronous online discussion in teaching of Science for 9 year-old pupils.
A Test of Etzioni's Control-Compliance Model in Israeli Kibbutzim

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This empirical study uses Etzioni's control-compliance model to compare the level of personal and social alienation of members of two kibbutzim: 31 members of a kibbutz that employs a normative mode of social control and 42 members of a kibbutz that employs a remunerative mode of social control. After controlling for job characteristics, gender, age, and education, no difference was found between the levels of alienation of the two kibbutzim's members. Women proved to be more resistant to social alienation than men. It is concluded that Etzioni's model is a static model that has limited ability to explain the change in the relationship between an organization's control mode and its members' organizational involvement, when the organization's members voluntarily initiate this change.
Highly Selective Inhibitors of Dipeptidyl Peptidase 9 (DPP9) Derived from the Clinically Used DPP4-Inhibitor Vildagliptin

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Dipeptidyl peptidase 9 (DPP9) is a proline-selective serine protease that plays a key role in NLRP1- and CARD8-mediated inflammatory cell death (pyroptosis). No selective inhibitors have hitherto been reported for the enzyme: all published molecules have grossly comparable affinities for DPP8 and 9 because of the highly similar architecture of these enzymes' active sites. Selective DPP9 inhibitors would be highly instrumental to address unanswered research questions on the enzyme's role in pyroptosis, and they could also be investigated as therapeutics for acute myeloid leukemias. Compounds presented in this manuscript (42 and 47) combine low nanomolar DPP9 affinities with unprecedented DPP9-to-DPP8 selectivity indices up to 175 and selectivity indices >1000 toward all other proline-selective proteases. To rationalize experimentally obtained data, a molecular dynamics study was performed. We also provide in vivo pharmacokinetics data for compound 42.
An investigation of the test-impaired new learning effect with associative recognition

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The test-impaired new learning (TINL) effect occurs when immediately after a test of old information, new information is presented to the learner. The effect, discovered by Finn and Roediger (2013), is that the new information is not remembered as well as if it were given to the learner after restudying the old information. This effect is important because it is counter to the well-established finding that testing leads to better recall than restudy. In the present research, we investigated the robustness of the TINL effect across two experiments that were identical except the type of test at final recall (associative recognition or cued recall). Participants studied word pairs (e.g., dog spoon), and during a second phase were tested on half the pairs and restudied the other half. Immediately after either a test or restudy trial, a new item was added to each pair (e.g. box), forming a triplet. In Experiment 1a (associative recognition test) participants were to identify pairs of old items as either same or rearranged. In Experiment 1b (cued recall test), participants were given the first item of the triplet and were to recall the second and third items. In Experiment 1a, we found improved memory for the old information after testing compared to restudy (testing effect); we found no TINL effect. In Experiment 1b, no testing effect was found, but there was evidence of TINL. This study adds to the small literature on the negative effects of testing and could have implications for future applied research.