jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Distribution and diversity of the soil mites of Svalbard, with redescriptions of three known species (Acari: Oribatida)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Three species of oribatid mites, Camisia dictyna Colloff, 1993 Colloff, M. J. 1993. A taxonomic revision of the oribatid mite genus Camisia (Acari: Oribatida). J. Nat. Hist, 27: 1325–1408. [Taylor & Francis Online], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar], Ceratoppia sphaerica (L. Koch, 1879 Koch, L. 1879. Arachniden aus Sibirien und Novaja Zemlja, eingesammelt von der Schwedischen Expedition im Jahre 1875. Kongl. Svenska Vet. Handl, 16(5): 1–136. [Google Scholar]) and Diapterobates notatus (Thorell, 1871 Thorell, T. 1871. Om Arachnider fran Spitzbergen och Beeren-Eiland. Öfvers. Kongl. Vet. Akad. Förh, 28: 683–702. [Google Scholar]) are studied in detail, and their supplementary descriptions with precise illustrations are presented. The specimens were collected from the soils of the Snow Bunting (Plectrophenax nivalis Linnaeus, 1758) nest site areas in the Arctic archipelago Svalbard. Camisia dictyna is recorded as new to the fauna of this region. A revised checklist of all recorded oribatid mite species in Svalbard is presented with additional remarks on their taxonomic status, habitat preferences and geographical distribution. The patterns of taxonomic diversity and geographical distribution reveal that although the majority of the species are cryophilous, there are only few species that are geographically restricted to Svalbard and adjacent regions.
Development of a novel designs and assessment and selection system for green office buildings in China

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

China is facing severe problems in fossil fuel consumption and pollutant emission largely owing to the construction of buildings. Office buildings, as a major building type in China, contribute around 22% of the national fossil fuel energy use and 14% of carbon emissions. The identification of the most appropriate solution to energy saving and pollutant emissions reducing at the earlier design stage of office buildings is significantly important to China’s sustainability development and environmental protection.This PhD research aims to establish a simple and straight-forward assessment method that can predict fossil fuel energy use and the associated pollutant emissions of the Chinese office buildings at their early conceptual design stage (when the detailed material and constructional information is unavailable), and further, develop a computer- aided assessment and selection process that can identify the best design solution to the office buildings of China. This work is carried out through a standard research process including literature review, methodology development, computer model establishment, case study and results analysis with comparisons, followed by recommendations. As a result, the research provides a variety of important outputs, i.e., the life-cycle energy and air-pollutants estimation method, the generalized environmental impact metric system, and the green office building design solution assessment and selection system (GBAS). It has been demonstrated that the simplified energy and pollutants estimation method can predict the energy consumption and associated pollutant emissions at each office building life-cycle phase, based on the refined mathematical correlations and associated computerized toolkits. By using the generalized environmental impact metric system, the pollutant equivalent (PE), which reflects the combined environmental impact of the emission of four common pollutants, is derived and its values are discussed in detail. Based on the estimation of life-cycle energy and PE, the GBAS system is developed to identify the “best” design solution on both the quantitative survey and qualitative analyses.A combination of all the above outcomes leads to the development of a comprehensive computerized tool that can conduct faster assessment, optimization and selection of the “best” design solutions for Chinese office buildings at their very earlier stage of design. The prediction results have been proven to be rational, realistic and applicable to practical engineering projects.The outcomes of the research can help in the design of energy efficient and “green” office buildings in China, thus contributing to China’s sustainable development and environmental protection.
Estimating Distribution of End Prices Using Hierarchical Bayes Model in B2B Luxury Brand Goods Auctions

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Auctions have long been used to trade goods that do not have a fixed price. In recent years, with the spread of internet auctions, the number of goods that can be handled at a single auction has increased. The time required to make a bidding decision per product remains the same even when a large number of goods are traded, such as in wholesale. For this reason, a large time is required to determine the valuation in proportion to the number of goods. This causes problems for the auctioneer and the participants. It is difficult for the auctioneer to set the reserve price and for the participants to decide the amount and target of their bids. It is necessary to understand the value of a product and estimate the end price. Since there is no fixed price for a product sold in an auction, we estimate the distribution of end prices instead of point estimation. We focus on B2B luxury brand goods auctions, where the number of goods is large and the bidding decision cost per product is high. We estimate the distribution of successful bids on actual auction data of wristwatches, which have large transaction volumes in the auction. The performance of the proposed method was measured by MAE, RMSE, and MAPE, and was close to that of experts. The proposed method was able to capture the data distribution. Finally, we show that the end price distribution estimation can be used to support both auctioneers and participants in brand-name auctions with a large number of goods.
Worse-than-Rayleigh fading: Experimental results and theoretical models

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

This article is motivated by the recent recognition that channel fading for new wireless applications is not always well described by traditional models used for mobile communication systems. In particular, fading data collected for vehicleto- vehicle and wireless sensor network applications has motivated new models for conditions in which channel fading statistics can be worse than Rayleigh. We review the use of statistical channel models, describe our example applications, and provide both measured and modeling results for these severe fading conditions.
Republican Arthrology Center and its contribution to the development of orthopedic rheumatology

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The article provides information on the organization and functioning achievements of the Republican Arthrology Center (RAC), which has become the first specialized clinic in the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (RSFSR) that provided arthrological assistance to the population. The result of the organizational and methodological efforts of the RAC employees was the development of a network of rheumatology rooms in almost all territories of the country, along with the organization of the orthopedic rheumatology service and its separation from the cardiovascular rheumatology service. In the RAC, scientific developments were successfully carried out on the problems of arthroplasty of large joints, surgical and conservative treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis of large joints, prevention of contractures of the knee joint. Saratov Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics (SRITO) hip joint endoprosthesis, a collapsible endoprosthesis and other constructions that have received wide recognition were created at the RAC. In the absence of international experience in creating an orthopedic rheumatology service network, the RAC was, on one hand, a pioneering phenomenon in world health care, and on the other hand, a natural consequence of the power vertical centralization in the USSR. At the same time, it should be emphasized that the need to create the RAC in the Russian Federation was caused by the growth in morbidity of rheumatic diseases, along with population aging and the prospects of orthopedic rheumatology associated, first of all, with the active introduction of total joint replacement with artificial structures in developed countries of the world. Over three decades of its existence, the RAC has been an organizational, methodological, medical, scientific and consulting center providing an orthopedic care to patients with diseases and injuries of large joints throughout the Russian Federation.
Placing Imported Chinese Products in the Kiso Lacquerware Region: Reconstructing ^|^ldquo;Traditional Japan^|^rdquo;

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

本研究では，木曾漆器の産地である長野県旧楢川村を対象に，1980年代以降の生産構造の転換と中国産漆器製品との関係を明らかにし，漆器業者による「伝統」の再構築について考察した．方法論として，漆器業者へのアンケート調査と，特定の業者へのインタビュー調査を組み合わせた．その結果，事業所の生産形態，規模，歴史などによって中国産製品の扱い方はかなり異なっていることがわかった．中国産製品を取り入れている事業所は，製造過程の一部に組み込み，販売面では安価品の提供と考えている．一方，中国産製品を排除する事業所は，自家製造のオリジナリティに「伝統」を再発見しようとしている．ゆえに，「伝統」のとらえ方は一元的なものでなく，中国産製品との関係性の中で常に変化しているものだといえる．中国産製品への評価は，必ずしも品質の悪さに帰結することはなく，漆器業者ごとに多様なとらえ方がある．なお，本稿では歴史-地理的な視点を用いて個人誌に注目し，国境を越えた特定個人間のつながりが，この漆器産地を支えていることを明らかにした．
Some Apparent Anomalies of Potassium Metabolism

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction

There is strong evidence that exercise prevents falls in community-dwelling older people. This review summarises trial and participant characteristics, intervention contents and study quality of 108 randomised trials evaluating exercise interventions for falls prevention in community-dwelling older adults.

Methods

MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL and three other databases sourced randomised controlled trials of exercise as a single intervention to prevent falls in community-dwelling adults aged 60+ years to May 2018.

Results

108 trials with 146 intervention arms and 23 407 participants were included. Trials were undertaken in 25 countries, 90% of trials had predominantly female participants and 56% had elevated falls risk as an inclusion criterion. In 72% of trial interventions attendance rates exceeded 50% and/or 75% of participants attended 50% or more sessions. Characteristics of the trials within the three types of intervention programme that reduced falls were: (1) balance and functional training interventions lasting on average 25 weeks (IQR 16–52), 39% group based, 63% individually tailored; (2) Tai Chi interventions lasting on average 20 weeks (IQR 15–43), 71% group based, 7% tailored; (3) programmes with multiple types of exercise lasting on average 26 weeks (IQR 12–52), 54% group based, 75% tailored. Only 35% of trials had low risk of bias for allocation concealment, and 53% for attrition bias.

Conclusions

The characteristics of effective exercise interventions can guide clinicians and programme providers in developing optimal interventions based on current best evidence. Future trials should minimise likely sources of bias and comply with reporting guidelines.
Teaching Digital Humanities Tools at a Distance: A Librarian-Instructor Partnership Integrating Scalar into a Graduate Distance Course

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This paper presents the process and outcomes of a digital humanities (DH) teaching collaboration. The authors, a subject librarian and an instructor for a distance graduate course on the history of children’s literature, will discuss features of the collaboration and course design: the digital literacy learning outcomes, the authors’ choice of the multi-media publishing platform Scalar as the best fit for those outcomes, and their design of the assignment sequence to achieve learning outcomes and assess student learning.
Finite-Sample Analysis For Decentralized Cooperative Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning From Batch Data

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In contrast to its great empirical success, theoretical understanding of multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) remains largely underdeveloped. As an initial attempt, we provide a finite-sample analysis for decentralized cooperative MARL with networked agents. In particular, we consider a team of cooperative agents connected by a time-varying communication network, with no central controller coordinating them. The goal for each agent is to maximize the long-term return associated with the team-average reward, by communicating only with its neighbors over the network. A batch MARL algorithm is developed for this setting, which can be implemented in a decentralized fashion. We then quantify the estimation errors of the action-value functions obtained from our algorithm, establishing their dependence on the function class, the number of samples in each iteration, and the number of iterations. This work appears to be the first finite-sample analysis for decentralized cooperative MARL from batch data.
“Not Having the Energy to Even Live”: A Feminist Disability Perspective on Long COVID and Caregiving

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Long COVID is defined as the persistence of symptoms three or more months after infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2/COVID‐19). A growing body of research documents the economic and social implications of this relatively new health condition, but, to date, only a handful of studies have considered the effects of Long COVID on caregiving (defined here as the unpaid care work provided in the home or community by family and friends). Through interviews with people with Long COVID (30) and caregivers (9) in British Columbia, Canada, our research aims to document how Long COVID is affecting caregiving in the home to inform supportive health and care policy responses. We apply a feminist critical disability studies perspective, which conceptualizes care as relational and disability as more than a medical diagnosis of impairments, but as the result of complex interactions between physical and mental differences and social understandings of them. Interviews were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis to illustrate how the novel nature of Long COVID created unique effects on household caregiving. PwLC particularly note how the symptoms of brain fog and exhaustion negatively affected their ability to complete household care tasks, self‐care, and childcare, which in turn resulted in feelings of guilt. Lack of information about Long COVID created a heavy burden on PwLC and caregivers left to conduct research themselves, while medical gaslighting and lack of awareness about Long COVID generated demand for emotional labor and exacerbated burnout. Health and social policy innovation is urgently needed to respond to the needs of PwLC and their caregivers.
Long-Term Administration of Vindesine in Maintenance Regimen for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) with Poor Prognosis. Apparent Lack of Long-Term Cumulative Neurotoxicity

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

SummaryLong-term administration of vindesine, included in a maintenance regimen for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) with poor prognosis, proved to be effective. There was no apparent long-term cumulative neurotoxicity.
ABC News / The Washington Post Poll #8075: The Economy/Election/AIDS

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Most important problem facing the country; Democrats vs. Republicans in coping with national/international issues; Reagan's job performance; working relationship between Reagan and Democratic Congressional leaders in dealing with U.S./U.S.S.R. arms race, problems in Social Security system, government spending of tax dollars, policies towards Central America; Reagan's handling of the economy, foreign affairs, unemployment and inflation; trust in Reagan in handling world affairs; limitation of nuclear weapons in U.S. and U.S.S.R; Reagan's sympathy towards lower, middle and upper income people; proposed federal income tax cut; MX missile; consumer prices; attitude towards Nancy Reagan; unemployment; expectations regarding national economy; candidate preference in 1984 Presidential election; candidates for Democratic primary elections; Reagan vs. Mondale, Reagan vs. Glenn; Reagan vs. Jackson, Reagan vs. Mondale vs. Anderson, Reagan vs. Glenn vs. Anderson in 1984; Reagan and second term in office; candidates for Republican primary elections; evaluation of public high schools past and present; AIDS; AIDS as a punishment form God to Homosexuals; AIDS epidemic; political ideology, actual and retrospective vote in 1980 Presidential election.
Chinese Research On-line monitoring of the base station control software

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

More unified instruments control at the scene is an important function of the base station control software, so need to achieve a unified control of the friendly graphical interface, and Chinese interact with the system. The article mainly for Qtopia4 graphics system used in the base station control software, researched the Chinese Show and the importation of technology. on the basis of Analysis of Qtopia4’s plug-in technology, Expounded the principle of the input method of achieving, and achieve a Chinese Pinyin input method.
Near-field characterization and failure analysis of broad-area laser diode with optical feedback

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Optical feedback may cause accelerated degradation as well as catastrophic optical damage in high-power Laser diodes, directly limiting their output optical power and lifetime. Near-field distribution change caused by optical feedback has high relevance with the reliability and is worthy to be studied. In this study, the influence of optical feedback on the near-field distribution of the laser diode is investigated, as well as the influence on the device failure. A feedback light testing system is successfully established, which integrates power monitoring, spectral measurement, and near-field assessment. Through an investigation into the influence of feedback light, it was observed that it induces instability in the near-field distribution, leading to temporal variations. Under conditions of strong feedback, a stable near-field peak emerged. At even higher current levels, a clear correspondence was identified between the near-field peak and the point of failure. These findings offer valuable insights for the understanding of the influence of optical feedback on the nearfield distribution of the laser diode and its reliability.
Four-Drug Intracavernous Therapy for Impotence Due to Corporeal Veno-Occlusive Dysfunction

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Although veno-occlusive dysfunction is a frequent cause of impotence, a definitive therapeutic strategy has not yet been clearly defined. A total of 56 patients with corporeal veno-occlusive dysfunction diagnosed by dynamic infusion cavernosometry-cavernosography (flow to maintain erection greater than 10 ml. per minute and rate of corporeal pressure decrease after interruption of intracavernous infusion greater than 50 mm. Hg for 30 seconds) not considered suitable candidates for surgery underwent self-injection therapy. A vasoactive mixture composed of 12.1 mg./ml. papaverine hydrochloride, 10.1 micrograms./ml. prostaglandin E1, 1.01 mg./ml. phentolamine mesylate and 0.15 mg./ml. atropine sulfate was used. After dose titration of the drug mixture 54 patients (95%) were able to obtain sustained rigid erections that guaranteed satisfactory sexual activity. Mean (plus or minus standard error of mean) volume of injected mixture was 0.42 +/- 0.09 ml. (range 0.25 to 0.90 ml.). Four patients (7%) reported transient hypotension that did not recur after the application of a penile rubber band before injection. At a mean followup of 16 months 6 patients (11%) discontinued use of injections, 37 (69%) were satisfied and using the mixture, and 11 (20%) maintained rigid erections using a lower than initial dose. No major complications were encountered. The association of drugs with different mechanisms of action caused a synergism that potentiated the therapeutic activity and reduced side effects by decreasing the total drug dose.
Sentence and the compound sentencein Julius Zeyer’s epic poetry and prose

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The aim of this paper is to explore the use of the sentence and the compound sentence in the literary works of the Czech poet Julius Zeyer (1841–1901). Specifically, we intend to make a quantitative identification of congruencies and parallels, typical of the syntactic structure of Zeyer’s epic poetry and prose, as evidenced by a detailed analysis of particular stylistic devices used in the selected representative texts. The aim of this paper is to corroborate, or possibly to exclude, the impact of the selected narrative means of expression on the stylistic and compositional variances of the text, which is facilitated by paying full attention to one aspect of Zeyer’s authorial style, namely, the quantitative variation of sentences and compound sentences.
JUNCTIONAL PORES AND CELL WALL DEPRESSIONS OFHORMOSCILLA PRINGSHEIMII(CYANOPHYCEAE)1

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Sassoon's isolate identified as Borzia trilocularis (but recently renamed Hormoscilla pringsheimii Anagnostidis and Komárek (1988) was studied with transmission electron microscopy because of its unusual combination of longitudinal wall features, described here in development for the first time. Junctional pores (linear rows of circumferential L‐II layer pores near crosswalls) developed into multiple, parallel series, unlike the pores in many other species, which form only single rows. In dividing cells, two single pore rows appear opposite crosswalls after crosswall initiation, but an additional parallel row is usually added to each row by completion of fission. Elongating cells reveal 3–6 parallel and uniformly spaced pore rows developing on each side of crosswall pairs; these rows may end up toward the center of the cell wall after cell elongation. Pores are 18–24 nm wide with a center‐to‐center and row‐to‐row distance of 24–36 nm and occur in an especially thick L‐II area. The second group of pit‐like pores of longitudinal cell walls are 50–135 nm‐wide depressions and have a center‐to‐center distance of 100–1000 nm. These depressions arise when the L‐II layer fails to form and appear next to a row‐pair of junctional pores soon after fission. Most depressions form single rows, but when they form several rows they may cover much of the surface of the cell. The L‐III and L‐IV wall layers line these L‐II layer cavities; the outer surface of the L‐IV layer around and within the depressions is covered with fibrous mucilage. Given their diversity, pores and depressions of longitudinal walls deserve further attention from functional and taxonomic points of view.