jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
DOCTORS AND NURSES: REFERRALS BY GENERAL PRACTITIONERS TO DIFFERENT ARMS OF AN OLD AGE PSYCHIATRY SERVICE

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

General practitioners’ referrals to the medical and nursing arms of an old age psychiatry service over a 6-month period were examined retrospectively. Doctors were referred patients with a past psychiatric history who had been known to the service, did not live alone and in whom first-line treatments had failed. The nursing team were asked to carry out specific therapies by the GPs. There were no differences in support, diagnosis or medication between the groups. The need for multidisciplinary input to all referrals to services is stressed.
Additional file 4 of Metabolic analysis of the regulatory mechanism of sugars on secondary flowering in Magnolia

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Additional file 4: Table 1. Primers for genes quantitative real-time PCR (q-PCR). Table 2. The CT values of Actin across the treatments. Figure 1. Expression level of MlACT Magnolia liliiflora ‘Hongyuanbao’. 15d, 20d, 25d, 30d, 35d and 40d represented the days after the treatments with 60 mM of trehalose or sucrose.
SERIALS DUPLICATES EXCHANGE PROGRAMS: COSTS AND BENEFITS

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Libraries undertake many activities to stretch budget dollars and “get more for less,” enhancing their collections at the least cost. In some instances, these programs also are seen as having the potential to generate revenues for the library. Serials duplicates exchange programs are one example of this type of activity. Often, the duplicate exchange is viewed as a cost-effective mechanism for acquiring wanted back issues of serial titles. Libraries offer their duplicates or discards to exchange partners and receive journal issues they may be lacking. Money does not change hands, and all participants appear to benefit. On the surface, this activity appears to be a cost-free mechanism for swapping excess materials for needed ones. A concern about postage increases and the cost of shipping materials to exchange partners prompted the Pennsylvania State University Libraries to evaluate its serials duplicates exchange program. This cost study documented the actual cost to maintain a duplicates exchange program and provided an opportunity to examine these costs in relation to the benefits derived from the program. The following is a summary of the method used to analyze the costs and benefits of the serials duplicates exchange program at Penn State, as well as the results of the study.
Sentencing and Sanctions in Western Countries

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract This collection of original essays surveys the evolution of sentencing policies and practices in Western countries over the past twenty-five years. The volume consists of approximately ten essays. Six consider sentencing policy strategies and practices in major western countries, including Australia, England/Wales, Germany, the Netherlands, Switzerland, and the United States. Each is written by a recognized expert from that part of the world. The remaining essays consider developments and subjects that cross national boundaries. Just a few of the subjects touched upon include plea-bargaining, community service and electronic monitoring, standards of use of incarceration, and legal perspectives on sentencing policy developments in western countries. The goal of the book is to provide a range of scholars and students better cross-national knowledge than currently exists of how various countries’ sentencing laws and practices differ, when and why they have changed over time, and with what effects. Increasingly, countries are likely to look across nation boundaries for boundaries for solutions to pressing sentencing-policy problems. There exists, however, no scholarly literature on the subject.
Interactions of inhibitors of carnitine palmitoyltransferase I and fibrates in cultured hepatocytes

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Culture of rat hepatocytes with etomoxir, an inhibitor of carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT I), for 48 h, resulted in increased carnitine acetyltransferase (CAT) activity (74%), a marked decrease in CPT activity (82%) measured in detergent extracts, and increased activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (227%) and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (65%). Changes in CAT and CPT activities were not observed after 4 h culture with etomoxir. When hepatocytes were cultured with etomoxir and benzafibrate (a hypolipidaemic analogue of clofibrate) for 48 h, etomoxir prevented the 5-fold increase in CAT activity caused by bezafibrate, whereas bezafibrate suppressed the increase in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and fructose-bisphosphatase caused by etomoxir. However, bezafibrate did not prevent the suppression of CPT activity by etomoxir. Etomoxir inhibited palmitate beta-oxidation and ketogenesis after short-term (0-4 h) and long-term (48 h) exposure, but it caused accumulation of triacylglycerol in hepatocytes only after short-term exposure (0-4 h). These effects of etomoxir on fatty acid metabolism and suppression of CPT (after 48 h) were similar in periportal and perivenous hepatocytes, but the increases in CAT and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activities were higher in periportal than in perivenous cells. The effects of CPT I inhibitors on CAT activity and long-term suppression of CPT activity are probably mediated by independent mechanisms.
[Isolated sphenoid sinus disease presented the primary symptom as headache or ocular disturbance].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Isolated sphenoid sinus disease presented the primary symptom as headache and/or ocular disturbance is prone to be misdiagnosed, application of CT, MRI and endoscopy improve its diagnosis and treatment standard. Endoscopic sinus surgery is the primary therapy for isolated sphenoid sinus disease.
Plavajoči hidroponski sistem kot trajnostni način gojenja zelenjave

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In order to comply with the trends of sustainable, and environmentally friendly agriculture, we've been implementing various new practices. As we aim to familiarize students with these practices, we tend to integrate various sustainable projects into our agricultural curriculum. The following article introduces the potentiality of growing leafy vegetables in a floating hydroponic system, in which we've held a demonstration of sustainable food production for our students and teaching staff. The purpose of the experiment, which took place in the research greenhouse at the BC Naklo Laboratory Field from May 10 to October 12, 2020, was to analyze how different cultivation systems (classical soil and floating hydroponic system) affect the crop's characteristics and the quality of the chicory (Cychorium intybus L.). Standard agricultural practices were adopted uniformly according to crop requirements. Samplings of three radicchio varieties ('Verona', 'Monivip', and 'Anivip') have been grown on 84-cell seed plates filled with Gramoflor substrate for vegetables. When the plants attained technological maturity, we've randomly examined a few of them and therefore we could confirm that, in terms of morphological characteristics and marketable crop, the floating system is a better option in comparison to the soil cultivation system. The plants with the highest mass of the head in the floating system were the plants of the Monivip variety (482.6 g) and of the Anivip variety (468.8 g), while the plants of the Verona variety, grown in the soil cultivation, had the lowest mass of the head (258.6 g). Rapid tests have shown that the production system does not affect the internal quality of the crops.
Peer Review #3 of "Returning to the roots: resolution, reproducibility, and robusticity in the phylogenetic inference of Dissorophidae (Amphibia: Temnospondyli) (v0.1)"

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The phylogenetic relationships of most Paleozoic tetrapod clades remain poorly resolved, which is variably attributed to a lack of study, the limitations of inference from phenotypic data, and constant revision of best practices.While refinement of phylogenetic methods continues to be important, any phylogenetic analysis is inherently constrained by the underlying dataset that it analyzes.Therefore, it becomes equally important to assess the accuracy of these datasets, especially when a select few are repeatedly propagated.While repeat analyses of these datasets may appear to constitute a working consensus, they are not in fact independent, and it becomes especially important to evaluate the accuracy of these datasets in order to assess whether a seeming consensus is robust.Here I address the phylogeny of the Dissorophidae, a speciose clade of Paleozoic temnospondyls.This group is an ideal case study among temnospondyls for exploring phylogenetic methods and datasets because it has been extensively studied (eight phylogenetic studies to date) but with most (six studies) using a single matrix that has been propagated with very little modification.In spite of the conserved nature of the matrix, dissorophid studies have produced anything but a conserved topology.Therefore, I analyzed an independently designed matrix, which recovered less resolution and some disparate nodes compared to previous studies.In order to reconcile these differences, I carefully examined previous matrices and analyses.While some differences are a matter of personal preference (e.g., analytical software), others relate to discrepancies with respect to what are currently considered as best practices.The most concerning discovery was the identification of pervasive dubious scorings that extend back to the origins of the widely propagated matrix.These include scores for skeletal features that are entirely unknown in a given taxon (e.g., postcrania in Cacops woehri) and characters for which there appear to be unstated working assumptions to scoring that are incompatible with the character definitions (e.g., scoring of taxa with incomplete skulls for characters based on skull length).Correction of these scores and other pervasive errors recovered a distinctly less
Features of hydrophysical and hydrochemical conditions in Blagopoluchiya Bay (Novaya Zemlya Archipelago)

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The report presents the results of hydrophysical and hydrochemical studies in Blagopoluchiya Bay (Novaya Zemlya Archipelago) based on data of integrated expeditions of the Institute of Oceanology in the Kara Sea in 2007, 2013, and 2014. The main focus was the influence of the Ob and Yenisei rivers, as well as of the runoff of meltwaters from the coasts of the archipelago on the hydrochemical and hydrophysical structures of the bay waters. The features of water exchange between the bay and adjacent aquatic area are considered, along with the renewal mechanisms for deep waters in the bay (deeper than 100 m). The possible occurrence of stagnant effects in deep layers of the bay is evaluated.
The ant fauna of hospitals: advancements in public health and research priorities in Brazil

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Ants inhabit several types of natural and urban habitats, where they successfully nest. In urban environments, the hospitals should be considered priority for studies, as ants pose risks to human health due to their pathogen carrying potential. We aimed at surveying the literature about studies on ants in hospital settings in Brazil in the past 20 years. We found 40 papers in 22 journals, the first one published in 1993. Among them, 26 papers assessed pathogenic microorganisms on ants. We recorded 59 ant species, being Tapinoma melanocephalumthe most common. The Minas Gerais and São Paulo states had the largest number of published papers. Mato Grosso do Sul and Rio Grande do Sul showed the highest number of species. Exotic ant species were recorded in all states, except Goiás. Considering the potential to carry microorganisms and the importance of thorough studies on the ecology of ant species, our results can support and guide further research in Brazil.
Characterisation of glutathione transferase from Arabidopsis thaliana

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Glutathione transferases (GSTs) are soluble enzymes with activity towards a wide range of xenobiotic and endogenous compounds. The Arabidopsis genome encoded 54 GSTs, which have been classified into eight classes including Tau and Phi. Members of these Tau and Phi clades are strongly upregulated in response to abiotic stresses such as xenobiotics and biotic stresses including pathogen attack. The most characterised activity of GSTs is the transfer of glutathione to an electrophilic centre to form a polar glutathionylated conjugate. However, increasing number of research demonstrated a non-catalytic activity plants GSTs, especially in the transportation of flavonoids from the cytosol to the vacuole. Despite the wealth of investigations into GSTs, and probably as a result of overlapping substrate specificities, the endogenous roles for the vast majority of these plant GSTs remains unknown. \nHere, the binding interaction of camalexin, indole-3-aldehyde, quercetrin and quercetin to GSTF2 in a non-catalytic fashion was observed in three different sites; two identical sites of L1 and one L2 from the X-ray crystallography data. Mutagenesis of the active residues, Q73L, H77A, Y97A and R154A were performed and using isothermal calorimetry (ITC) techniques, lower binding affinities were observed for all mutants towards all ligands except for Y97A and Q73L which showed higher binding affinities with indole-3-aldehyde. This unexpected finding was likely due to the conformational change of the mutant compared to the wild type, as observed in the structure of mutant Y97A. \nOn elucidating the catalytic activity of GSTs, the structure of GSTU25 in complex with disulphide glutathione was obtained. The GSTU25 has been recently identified to catalyse the denitration of TNT to form 2-glutathionyl- 4,6-dinitrotoluene, a potentially more amenable product for subsequent degradation. This structure complex provides insights of GSTU25 folding upon substrate binding. \nThe involvement of GSTU25 in the detoxification of TNT was further analysed using CRISPR/Cas9 technology. Subclades of GSTU25, including GSTU24, GSTU21, GSTU19 were knockout with the aim to remove overlapping substrate specificities and to finally reveal TNT-specific phenotypes. Only gstU25 Cas9 segregated Arabidopsis were obtained from the experiment that could potentially be optimised in the future study.
Relationship of Erythropoietin and RBC in "Living High and Training Low"

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

AbstrcatIn order to explore the relationship between hematocyte and erythropoietin (EPO) in living high and training low, the college students were divided into two groups, with seven in each. The groups were: 1) HiLo group (living high training low group); 2) Hi-c group (living high control group); HiLo group was exposed to a low levels of air pressure and oxygen (simulating 2,500-meter altitude) for 12 hours every day and ran 3,000 m at sea level once everyday. Hi-c did not do any exercises during the experiment. This protocol lasted for 4 weeks. The results showed that RBC、Hb and Hct increased at the beginning of hypoxic exposure, and reached to a peak 19 days later. The changes of the RBC level for the Hi-C group is similar to that of HiLo group, only that a second plateau appeared on the 28th day after exposure to low pressure and low oxygen. EPO did not show any significant changes at the beginning, but after 11 days, a peak appeared which had a relationship with a peak of 19th day later of RBC、Hb and Hct. This indicated that developing of EPO had a chronic accumulate at discontinuity hypoxia exposure. RBC production and release depended on EPO levels.
Multiscale Modeling of Wobble to Watson–Crick-Like Guanine–Uracil Tautomerization Pathways in RNA

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Energetically unfavorable Watson–Crick (WC)-like tautomeric forms of nucleobases are known to introduce spontaneous mutations, and contribute to replication, transcription, and translation errors. Recent NMR relaxation dispersion techniques were able to show that wobble (w) G•U mispair exists in equilibrium with the short-lived, low-population WC-like enolic tautomers. Presently, we have investigated the wG•U → WC-like enolic reaction pathway using various theoretical methods: quantum mechanics (QM), molecular dynamics (MD), and combined quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM). The previous studies on QM gas phase calculations were inconsistent with experimental data. We have also explored the environmental effects on the reaction energies by adding explicit water. While the QM-profile clearly becomes endoergic in the presence of water, the QM/MM-profile remains consistently endoergic in the presence and absence of water. Hence, by including microsolvation and QM/MM calculations, the experimental data can be explained. For the G•Uenol→ Genol•U pathway, the latter appears to be energetically more favorable throughout all computational models. This study can be considered as a benchmark of various computational models of wG•U to WC-like tautomerization pathways with and without the environmental effects, and may contribute on further studies of other mispairs as well.
Steiner on the Applicability of Mathematics and Naturalism

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Journal Article Steiner on the Applicability of Mathematics and Naturalism Get access Sorin Bangu Sorin Bangu **Department of Philosophy, University of TorontoToronto, Ontario M5S 1A1, Canadasorin.bangu@utoronto.ca Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Philosophia Mathematica, Volume 14, Issue 1, February 2006, Pages 26–43, https://doi.org/10.1093/philmat/nkj002 Published: 09 January 2006
Digital Automatic Gain Control (DAGC) for Surveillance Radar Applications: Theory and Simulation

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The potential for using a digital automatic gain control (DAGC) is examined. The DAGC operates by digitally storing a clutter map of the average of past returns. This average clutter map is digitally filtered to remove small spatial variations and the resulting values are used to adjust the front end receiver gain. In contrast a traditional analog automatic gain control (AAGC) uses real time filtered feedback to control the adjustable front end gain. The physical realizability constraints of an AAGC typically result in a wider shadow zone for regions where the scan is moving from a land to sea clutter environment. It is shown that the DAGC filtering operation on the clutter map of past returns allows the spatial extent of the filter to be distributed evenly across the land-sea transition regions thereby reducing the shadow zone. The AAGC is shown to display slightly superior noise performance over the DAGC approach. Simulations of the behaviour of both systems under simplified configurations are also shown to qualitatively illustrate and clarify the tradeoffs associated with either approach.
Predictors of consistent condom use: a hierarchical analysis of adults from Kenya, Tanzania and Trinidad

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The two regions hardest hit by the HIV/AIDS epidemic are sub-Saharan Africa and the Caribbean. It is estimated that more than 28 million persons within these regions are currently living with HIV/AIDS. Therefore, it is imperative that more effective models of protective behaviour change be developed and implemented. Data from 4293 adults from Kenya, Tanzania and Trinidad who agreed to participate in the Voluntary Counseling and Testing Efficacy Study were examined employing hierarchical regression modelling. Only 19% reported consistent condom use with most recent sex partner. Factors associated with consistent condom use were relation to most recent sex partner, gender, study site, perceived difficulty in requesting condom use and actually making requests for condom use. Interventions that are grounded in theory and consider the relationship between the various independent variables along with the dependent variable may be more effective in promoting HIV protective behaviour change, such as consistent condom use, than current prevention efforts.
THE EXISTENCE OF THE ELECTION SUPERVISORY AGENCY POST 2024 BASED ON POSITIVE LAW

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Bawaslu was formed to oversee elections and elections to run in a direct, free, confidential, honest, and fair manner. Bawaslu's authority is only to supervise in stages. In 2024, elections and elections will be held simultaneously. The stages will start again before the elections and elections in 2029. Researchers are interested in knowing the existence of Bawaslu post-election and elections in 2024. The research uses a normative legal research method with a statutory approach. Based on Law Number 7 of 2017 concerning Elections, Bawaslu only has supervisory authority at the election and election stages for 20 months. Bawaslu oversees the stages set by the KPU based on the PKPU. After the general election and simultaneous elections in 2024, Bawaslu does not have supervisory authority until it enters the stages for implementation in 2029. The existence of Bawaslu without any supervisory activities can return to being an ad hoc body at the beginning of its formation.
More Aggressive Ant Species (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Provide Better Protection for Soft Scales and Mealybugs (Homoptera: Coccidae, Pseudococcidae)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

For 11 sets of interacting species near Madang, Papua New Guinea, coccoids attended by relatively inoffensive ants were more heavily parasitized than those attended by more aggressive ants. This has not been demonstrated previously. Ant exclusion experiments for four of these sets showed that this correlation was due to active protection of the coccoids from both predation and parasitization, though the precise form and effectiveness of this protection differed between different sets of interacting species.
[Strategy study on colorectal cancer liver metastasis].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

结直肠癌是人类最常见的恶性肿瘤.对比1990年前后10年,我国城市结直肠癌发病率增加了31.18%,农村为17.51%;而同期美国男性年发病率下降1.5%,女性下降1.3%,形成明显反差[1].在临床治疗方面,有条件的医院治疗失败的肠癌患者约40%～50%左右,其中转移复发是治疗失败的主要原因,肝脏是最常见、最易发生的转移器官。
Family policy as the basis for preserving and ensuring values in the Russian Federation

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Purpose of the study. The article identifies trends in the development of state family policy, the key direction of which is the comprehensive protection of the institution of the family, based on traditional family values, providing conditions for the birth and raising of children, the popularization of large families for the purpose of saving people and improving the demographic situation in Russia. It has been determined that the implementation of multi-sectoral support measures for families with children provides the necessary conditions to meet their basic needs; it has been proven that preferences in the field of labor and pensions for women with many children will provide them with conditions for them to fully combine work responsibilities with family responsibilities. It is concluded that the state’s family policy is focused on ensuring the protection and protection of traditional family values that determine the essence of family relationships and the prospects for their further development.
The Philosophy of Robert Boyle

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Introduction Part I The theory of qualities 1. Distinctions among the qualities 2. Distinguishing criteria for the primary qualities 3. The perception of the sensible qualities 4. The ontological status of the sensible qualities Part II Matter in motion 5. Natural and violent states and motions 6. The nature of place 7. Laws and concurrence 8. Mind/Body interaction Appendices 1. Transcript of Boyle Papers, vol. 10, fols. 29-31 2. Transcript of Boyle Papers, vol. 10, fols. 38-40