jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Long-Term Efficacy of Dupilumab in Moderate-to-Severe Asthma Phenotyped by Blood Eosinophils and Exhaled Nitric Oxide

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Asthma treatment aims to reduce symptom severity and exacerbation risk. Dupilumab, a human monoclonal antibody, blocks the shared receptor for IL-4/IL-13, key drivers of type 2 inflammation. In the Evaluation of Dupilumab in Patients With Persistent Asthma (QUEST) study (NCT02414854), add-on dupilumab every 2 weeks vs placebo was shown to significantly reduce severe asthma exacerbations and improve prebronchodilator (BD) FEV1 in patients with uncontrolled, moderate-to-severe asthma. Treatment effects were greater in patients with elevated baseline type 2 biomarkers (blood eosinophil count ≥ 150 cells/μL or fractional exhaled nitric oxide ≥ 25 parts per billion). Research Question: What is dupilumab’s long-term efficacy (up to 3 years) in patients with moderate-to-severe type 2 asthma? Study Design and Methods: Patients enrolled in QUEST (receiving placebo or dupilumab), who completed 96 weeks of dupilumab treatment in the open-label extension Long-Term Safety Evaluation of Dupilumab in Patients With Asthma (TRAVERSE) study (NCT02134028), were included. This prespecified analysis evaluated long-term efficacy in patient populations identified by baseline type 2 biomarker level. End points were annualized exacerbation rate (AER) and change from baseline in pre-BD FEV1 (L), asthma control (5-item Asthma Control Questionnaire), and asthma-related quality of life (Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire). Results: A total of 663 patients were included. AER was 1.72 to 2.24 at QUEST baseline in dupilumab groups across type 2 populations. AER decreased in populations with elevated type 2 biomarkers to 0.36 to 0.49 during QUEST’s 52-week treatment period, which was sustained over 96 weeks in TRAVERSE. In patients with low type 2 biomarker levels, there was no clinically meaningful AER reduction in QUEST or TRAVERSE, but rates remained below parent study baseline. Similar trends were seen with improvements in pre-BD FEV1, 5-item Asthma Control Questionnaire, and Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire; greatest improvements were seen in groups with one or more elevated type 2 biomarker. Intrepretation: This study suggests that long-term dupilumab treatment results in sustained and clinically meaningful efficacy in patients with moderate-to-severe type 2 asthma characterized by elevated blood eosinophil count and/or fractional exhaled nitric oxide. Clinical Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov; No.: NCT02134028; URL: www.clinicaltrials.gov
[One hundred years old and under haemodialysis treatment for 5 years...a case to ponder].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

According to the latest epidemiological and clinical data, this case emphasises the concept that it would be wrong to refuse the haemodialytic treatment to such patients only because of their frailty. Moreover, the lack of either univocal prognostic indications, based on scientific criteria, or special national laws confirm that the decision to treat the patient depends exclusively on the physician's ethical and professional background as well as the patient's autonomy and conscience.
First Report of Phytophthora infestans Self-Fertile Genotypes in Southern Brazil

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

During the autumn of 2011 and 2012, leaf and stem samples of potato plants infected with P. infestans were collected in southern Brazil. Monosporangial isolates of P. infestans were obtained from the samples and mating types were determined. Each isolate was paired with the A2 and A1 mating types of P. infestans and self-paired on Petri plates containingV8 juice agar. After this, the plates were kept at 18°C in darkness for 20 days. Three isolates collected in Paraná State (municipalities of Ponta Grossa 25°12&#8242;26&#8243;S, 50°07&#8242;11&#8243;W; Contenda 25°38&#8242;52&#8243;S, 49°34&#8242;26&#8243;W; and Castro 24°51&#8242;50&#8243;S, 49°53&#8242;50&#8243;W) formed oospores when paired with both mating type isolates and also when self-paired.
Penerapan Metode Wahdah Dalam Meningkatkan Kualitas Hafalan Al-Qur’an Siswa di MA Darul Arqam Sawangan Depok

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This research is motivated by the problem of the low quality of memorization of the Quran in tahfidz subjects in class XI MA Darul Arqam Sawangan Depok. The method in this study uses a class action research method through four steps, namely: planning, action, observation and reflection. In this study, the subjects are students of class XI MA Darul Arqam Sawangan Depok in the 2021/2022 school year consisting of 23 students. The object in this study is to improve the quality of students' Quran memorization using the wahdah method in class XI MA Darul Arqam Sawangan Depok. The improvement in the quality of students' Quran memorization in the learning process also improved. It can be seen from each cycle that it has increased. In the pre-cycle the results obtained were 30%, increasing in cycle I by 43% and in cycle II to 86%. From the learning activities that have been carried out, the percentage of the quality of the students' memorization of the Koran has increased and has reached the predetermined success criteria. This shows that the wahdah method is successful in improving the quality of memorization of the Quran of class XI MA Darul Arqam students in Tahfidz learning. Keywords: Memorization Quality;Quran, Wahdah
THE FATE OF PROGESTERONE IN THE PERIPHERAL BLOOD FOLLOWING SUBCUTANEOUS INJECTION IN COWS AND AN EWE

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

ウシとヒツジに Progesterone (以下Pと略す.)を皮下注射し, 末梢血中の P とそのおもな代謝物とを検討した. 卵巣を摘出したウシ2頭(No. 496と602)に, 2gの P と50μCi(286μg相当)の4-14C-progesterone を混合して油に懸濁して皮下注射を行なった. 1時間目から24～36時間にわたって静脈血をとり, 血漿50ml中の放射能量を測定して, 注射した P の動向を検討した(実験I; Fig.1, Table 1). その結果, 2頭のウシの血中放射能量は第4時間目にピークを示し, 8～12時間目まではかなりの高濃度を保った. その後No. 496では, 低い濃度をそれ以後に持続する様相を示したが, No. 602では, 24時間目の値は, なおNo. 496のピーク時の値に近いほどの高さを示した. この差は吸収の度, 肝が関与する排泄能の差, 脂肪内へのとり込み度の差などに基づくものと推測される. この2頭の実験から, P の比較的大量を皮下注射したさいには, 半日から一日はかなりの高濃度が末梢血中に持続されるものと見てよいようである. ただ測定せられた放射能量は P の量を示すのみでなく, 他の代謝物との総和を示すので, 第II, 第IIIの実験を併せ行った. 実験IIでは, 前記2頭のウシの4時間目の血漿500mlを抽出・精製し, 薄層クロマトグラフィーで分離したのち, ガスクロマトグラフィーで検出を行った. P のほか20β-OH-P (20β-o1と略す), および他のニ, 三の代謝物らしいものが検出せられた. しかし P と20β-o1以外は量が少ないので, 十分な追及は困難であった. ただこれらは17-OH-Pと androstenedione のいずれでもないことが立証された. 血漿100ml当たりの P の量は1.77μg (No. 602)と1.15μg (No. 496)であった. 20β-o1に関しては, 2頭を合わせて, 0.38μg (100ml血漿中)がやっと検出できた. 他の1頭の卵巣摘出のウシ(No. 202)に, 75μCi (500μg強に相当)を皮下注射し, 第4時間目に得た血漿600mlを処理し, 最後に薄層クロマトグラフィーで分離を行ない, 各 Band の放射能量を測定した. P と20β-o1に該当する Band には, 多量の放射能が検出された. そのほかは若干量の放射能が androstenedione と20α-o1に近いRFをもつ物質として存在することが推定せられた. 注射した P についての回収率では2g余を注射したNo. 496と602の2頭では, 100ml血漿当たり約100方分の1から200万分の1の P が回収された. これに比べて, 500μg余の皮下注射を行なったNo. 202では20万分の1 (100ml血漿中)程度であった. この差(5～10倍)は, おそらく注射量の差に基づくものであろう. P と20β-o1 100:13 (P:20β-o1)となった. しかし500μg余の量的比率は, 2gを注射した例では大約, 平均を注射したNo. 202の例では100:10以下(計算比率100:8.76)の結果を得た. この代謝比の差も, おそらく注射量に関係するものではなかろうか. 多量の注射時には, 代謝が比較的急速に行なわれることになるものと推測される. 卵巣を摘出した1頭のヒツジに20μCiの P (114μg相当)を皮下注射した. 第3時間目の血中には, 大約100:5の P と20α-o1が存在することがほぼ確められた. 他の代謝物に関しては, この時点では, ほとんど認められないという結果を得た.
A Reevaluation of Ἰησοῦς in Hebrews 4:8: Joshua or Jesus?

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This paper explores the possible author intended referent of Ἰησοῦς in Hebrews 4:8. Traditionally, the referent is assumed to be “Joshua son of Nun” with minimal supporting exegetical evidence. However, it is also common recently to find interpreters arguing for a double referent of “Joshua” and “Jesus.” Rarely is the referent considered to be only “Jesus.” In this paper, the positive and negative exegetical evidence is weighed for both “Joshua” and “Jesus.” The conclusion of this paper suggests that Hebrews 4:8 most likely refers to “Jesus.” This affects the author’s argument of Hebrews 3:7-4:13 by adding a significant Christological dimension to the author’s theology and exhortation which helps to explain several tension points in the passage.
Generative AI in Education: Technical Foundations, Applications, and Challenges

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Generative artificial intelligence (AI) (GenAI) has emerged as a transformative force in various fields, and its potential impact on education is particularly profound. This chapter presents the development trends of “GenAI in Education” by exploring the technical background, diverse applications, and multifaceted challenges associated with its adoption in education. The chapter briefly introduces the technical background of GenAI, particularly the development of large language models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT & Co. It provides key concepts, models, and recent technological advances. The chapter then navigates through the various applications of GenAI or LLMs in education, examining their impact on different levels of education, including school, university, and vocational training. The chapter will highlight how GenAI is reshaping the educational landscape through real-world examples and case studies, from personalized learning experiences to content creation and assessment. It also discusses various technical, ethical, and organizational/educational challenges to using technology in education.
Studies on maturity onset diabetes of the young (MODY) from S. India

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We examined the following aspects of Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young (MODY): prevalence, vascular complications, insulin secretion in offspring of MODY subjects, insulin resistance and whether MODY can be considered a distinct disease. We report a higher prevalence of MODY among Asian Indian patients. The prevalence rates of microvascular complications in MODY were found to be the same as in classical NIDDM patients. Glucose stimulated insulin and C-peptide responses were compared with non-diabetic controls. In MODY subjects, C-peptide responses were lower, whereas insulin responses were varied. Insulin secretion in offspring of MODY subjects was similarly evaluated, and abnormalities discovered even in these prediabetic subjects. Using the euglycaemic clamp technique, MODY patients were found to be more insulin resistant than classical NIDDM patients. Further lines of evidence are needed to resolve whether MODY can be considered a distinct disease.
Failure cause localisation in power networks

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The purpose of this project was to look at various power systems (mainly 4 bus systems connected by numerous transmission lines of a known admittance) and more importantly finding and implementing a way of locating a fault within those systems and predicting which line will fail next due to that fault. This involved making use of the DC Power Flow model, several data base algorithms as well as various other methods and calculations used in the power industry. The main part of the project was spent making an algorithm using Matlab software. The code was tested thoroughly by using different inputs and the output results were analysed and shown to be correct with a high degree of accuracy. The final major part of the project was to make the code more usable by others. For this a Graphical User Interface (GUI) was designed and created. The power system parameters are entered into the GUI, the calculations are performed internally within the software and the results are shown to the user. The user can then simulate a failure in any of the transmission lines and the GUI will show the system status and which lines will fail next (if any).
Combined Analysis of DNA Methylome and Transcriptome Reveal Novel Candidate Genes Related to Porcine Escherichia coli F4ab/ac-Induced Diarrhea

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) that express F4 (K88) fimbriae are the principal microorganisms responsible for bacterial diarrhea in neonatal and pre-weaning piglets. To better understand the molecular effects of ETEC F4ab/ac infection, we performed a genome-wide comparison of the changes in DNA methylation and gene expression in ETEC F4ab/ac infected porcine intestinal epithelial cells. We characterized the pattern of changes in methylation and found 3297 and 1593 differentially methylated regions in cells infected with F4ab and F4ac, respectively. Moreover, 606 and 780 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in ETEC F4ab and F4ac infected cells were detected and these genes were highly enriched in immune/defense response related pathways. Integrative analysis identified 27 and 10 genes showing inverse correlations between promoter methylation and expression with ETEC F4ab/ac infection. Altered DNA methylation and expression of various genes suggested their roles and potential functional interactions upon ETEC F4ab/ac infection. Further functional analyses revealed that three DEGs (S100A9, SGO1, and ESPL1) in F4ab infected cells and three DEGs (MAP3K21, PAK6, and MPZL1) in F4ac infected cells are likely involved in the host cells response to ETEC infection. Our data provides further insight into the epigenetic and transcriptomic alterations of ETEC F4ab/ac infected porcine intestinal epithelial cells, and may advance the identification of biomarkers and drug targets for predicting susceptibility to and controlling ETEC F4ab/ac induced diarrhea.
Keeping warm cookies: Cultural discourses of fun talk in public participation

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Declining rates of public participation in the United States of America have raised questions about the sustainability and effectiveness of U.S. democracy. Some scholars have called for making democracy fun through the use of game design to make public participation more accessible. Using cultural discourse analysis, this study explores the locally situated communication practices of a civil society organization called Warm Cookies of the Revolution that seeks to (re)imagine U.S. democracy by making public participation fun. The research employs ‘fun talk’ – a specific communication practice within public participation – as an analytical unit and finds that fun talk served as a discursive hub of emotion with radiants of meaning connected to being, acting, and relating. In contrast to those who have argued fun democratic practices should employ game design to improve public administration, participants understood fun talk as a way to introduce them to civic affairs, form relationships with neighbours, and take action to improve their communities. The article discusses implications for theories of emotion and affect in civil society scholarship.
Lipids in Health and Disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives: The aim of the current study was to examine the influence of socioeconomic status (SES) on physiological (lipid profile, obesity indices) and behavioral (dietary habits, physical activity) cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors among primary schoolchildren in Istanbul. Design: Cross sectional study. Setting: One private school and two public schools from different SES districts in Istanbul. Participants: 510 randomly selected children aged 12 and 13 years old (257 boys, 253 girls). Results: The prevalence of overweight (15.2%) and the energy intake (p < 0.001 and p < 0.05 for boys and girls respectively) were found to be higher for the middle/ high SES group for both genders. Regarding biochemical indices, middle/ high SES children had higher values of High Density Lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) (p < 0.001 and p < 0.05 for boys and girls respectively) and lower values of TC/HDL-C ratio and LDL-C/HDL-C ratio (p < 0.05 and p < 0.001 for boys and girls respectively). This could be attributed to the higher physical activity levels observed for middle/ high SES children (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The findings of the current study revealed a coexistence of both overweight and higher energy intake in middle/ high SES children, as well as a coexistence of underweight and lower physical activity levels in low SES children. These observations should guide the public health policy in developing appropriate intervention strategies to efficiently tackle these health and social issues early in life. Introduction Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the primary cause of mortality in developed countries and generates a major burden of morbidity throughout life [1,2]. Additionally, CVD emergencies have become the leading cause of death in developing countries as well [3,4]. Prospective and Published: 04 June 2004 Lipids in Health and Disease 2004, 3:11 Received: 19 March 2004 Accepted: 04 June 2004 This article is available from: http://www.lipidworld.com/content/3/1/11 © 2004 Manios et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article: verbatim copying and redistribution of this article are permitted in all media for any purpose, provided this notice is preserved along with the article's original URL.
Memory and space

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This chapter explores the street shrines of Amritsar by focusing on popular everyday faith and commemorative practices like urs. These shrines are a blend of pre-Partition and contemporary shrine practices and hybridize identities in contemporary Punjab, imagined and negotiated through an ongoing process of visitation, veneration, and memorialization. Street shrines are thus embedded in the long history of space in Amritsar. They are sites of living memory and rupture, both communal and nationalist narratives of the city space. I argue that rather than following the sedimentary theories of religious change, we need to consider popular religion as overlapping layers of religious practices that delineate the lived and everyday and spatialize faith practices in modern South Asia. I explore the possibilities of going beyond the neat boundaries of identity that have become comfortable meta-frames of contemporary historiographies.
Measles-mumps-rubella immunisation, autism and inflammatory bowel disease: update.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Early last year we reported on a study by Wakefield and colleagues which suggested there may be an association between measles containing vaccine, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and autism. The evidence for either association was very weak and the study was conducted on a highly selected group of subjects. Since then several epidemiological investigations have found no evidence for any association with autism and/or IBD. Also, specific virological assays in patients with IBD, the proposed aetiological link for autism after measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccination, have not detected measles virus. Following the publication of the Wakefield study however, there has been a measurable decrease in the uptake of MMR in the United Kingdom (UK).
Humor w walce z pandemią koronawirusa

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The aim of the article was to analyze humorous content that relates to the COVID-19 pandemic of SARS-CoV-2. The main part of the text was preceded by an analysis of the literature on the subject of the meaning of humor in human life, including coping with it in difficult situations. When proceeding to the implementation of the presented article, the slogan “# stay at home” was followed. Therefore, to achieve this goal, online resources were used. The literature on the subject was searched using the popular scientific search engine Google Scholar, while humorous content related to the coronavirus was obtained through social and information portals. The subject matter is close to its author because he himself struggled with coronavirus infection and humor no doubt helped survive the hard moments.
On dark matter and dark energy

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The dark matter hypothesis was created to explain the reason for the preservation of stellar clusters from dispersion. The weak point of this hypothesis is the great age of space, which is 13.8 billion years. Based on experimental data, it is shown that the age of space does not exceed 10 thousand years. In this case, the hypothesis of dark matter is not needed, since stellar clusters cannot scatter in such short cosmic time. The dark energy hypothesis was created to explain the reason for the accelerated expansion of space. The basis for this phenomenon is a large amount of spectral redshift of distant luminous space objects. It is shown that this value is mainly determined by the significant absorption of light energy of distant space objects by a huge amount of intergalactic gas, and not by the movement of these objects. In this case, the hypothesis of dark energy is not needed, and space should not rapidly expand and scatter in space.
Online Problem-Based Learning Framework for Promoting Digital Service Skills: Empirical Study of Local Entrepreneurs in Chiang Rai Province

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study investigates an online problem-based training framework that emphasizes digital service upskilling for local entrepreneurs, in collaboration with a non-degree training program from the Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation. The empirical study was conducted with a cross-border entrepreneurs' group in Chiang Rai, Thailand. The examined results of this study using a technology acceptance model indicate that the proposed framework provides a positive learning ecosystem that can develop digital service skills, self-directed learning, and collaborative learning.
Implications of Price Matching in Supply Chain Negotiation

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Problem definition: Few papers have explored the impact of price matching negotiation (PM), in which a channel matches its price with the resulting wholesale price bargained by another channel, on firms’ performances, consumer welfare, and social welfare, with and without supply chain coordination. Academic/practical relevance: Negotiation has been widely seen in determining both uniform and discriminatory wholesale prices, which affect outcomes of competitive supply chain practices. Methodology: To characterize the PM mechanism, we use game theory and Nash bargaining theory to compare PM with simultaneous negotiation (SN) through a common-seller two-buyer differentiated Bertrand competition model. Results: Our analysis reveals that PM can benefit the seller but hurt all buyers, which is at odds with some fair wholesale pricing clauses intending to protect buyers. Under coordination with side payments, however, all firms can conditionally benefit more from PM than from SN. Despite firms’ gains, PM leads to less consumer utility and social welfare compared with SN, unless the second buyer in PM is considerably less powerful than the first buyer. Coordination further worsens PM’s negative impact on consumer utility and social welfare. Moreover, the existence of a spot market can increase the wholesale price in PM, hurting buyers, consumers, and society. Furthermore, the qualitative results about PM remain robust under an alternative disagreement point for PM, multiple buyers, and other extensions. Managerial implications: This paper delivers insights on when price matching in supply chain wholesale price negotiation can benefit a seller, buyers, consumers, and society in a variety of scenarios. It advocates how managers can use PM to their own advantages and provides rationale to decision makers for policy regulations regarding wholesale pricing.