jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Climate Economics: A Meta-Review and Some Suggestions

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

What have we learned from the outpouring of literature as a result of the Stern Review of the Economics of Climate Change?A lot.We have explored the model space and the parameter space much more thoroughly, though there are still unexplored regions.While there are aspects of the Stern Review's analysis with which we can disagree, it seems fair to say that it has catalyzed a fundamental rethinking of the economic case for action on climate change.We are now in a position to give some conditions that are sufficient to provide a case for strong action on climate change, but need more work before we have a fully satisfactory account of the relevant economics.In particular we need to understand better how climate change affects natural capital -the natural environment and the ecosystems comprising it -and how these affect human welfare.
A Stillborn Multiple Organs’ Investigation from a Maternal DENV-4 Infection: Histopathological and Inflammatory Mediators Characterization

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Dengue virus (DENV) is an emerging virus involved in outbreaks in Brazil. The association between the virus and vertical transmission, with disorders in the placenta, has raised a worldwide concern. On the 29th gestational week, a pregnant woman presented severe complications due to a DENV infection leading to maternal and fetus death. Postmortem analysis of fetal organs demonstrated the presence of DENV using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in the fetal brain and DENV non-structural protein 3 (NS3) staining in placenta and several peripheral fetal tissues, such as the brain, liver, lungs, and spleen. Histological analysis of the placenta and fetal organs revealed different types of tissue abnormalities, which included inflammation, hemorrhage, edema, and necrosis in placenta and tissue disorganization in the fetus, such as spongiform parenchyma, microglial inflammation, steatosis, hyalinose arteriolar, inflammatory cells in the alveolar septa, and disorganization of the lymphoid follicle. Increased cellularity (macrophage, Hofbauer cells and TCD8+ lymphocytes) and up-regulation of inflammatory mediators such as IFN-γ, TNF-α, RANTES/CCL5, MCP1/CCL2, and VEGF/R2 were detected in the liver, lung, spleen, brain, and placenta, supporting placental and fetus peripheral tissues inflammation. Maternal infection leading to the production of those vascular mediators may alter the vascular permeability, facilitating the virus entry and tissue and barrier dysfunction.
Cecal schwannoma: A case report and literature review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Schwannomas are slow-growing tumors originating from Schwann cells and are rarely found in the gastrointestinal tract, particularly in the cecum. We report the case of a 59-year-old man who had recurrent diarrhea and was found to have a mass in the cecum during endoscopic examination. Contrast-enhanced abdominal computed tomography revealed a slightly hypodense, homogeneous mass in the cecum with moderate enhancement. The tumor was laparoscopically resected. Histopathological examination indicated spindle-shaped tumor cells arranged in a fascicular or palisading pattern, with minimal cellular atypia and rare mitotic figures. Immunohistochemical staining was positive for S100 and SOX10. The final pathological diagnosis was schwannoma. The patient was followed up for 34 months postoperatively without recurrence or metastasis. Cecal schwannoma is a rare benign neoplasm. We present this case and review the clinical and imaging features of previously reported cases of cecal schwannoma to enhance diagnostic accuracy and improve clinicians’ understanding of this uncommon tumor.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Synthesis of 1,4‐Dihydropyridine Derivatives Using Scandium(III) Triflate.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Radiation resistance of fluorophosphate glasses for high performance optical fiber in the ultraviolet region

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Transmission loss characteristics of a fluorophosphate fiber was investigated in 200–800 nm wavelength region. The transmission loss was found to be primarily dominated by extrinsic absorption due to transition metal impurities. The total scattering is the next most important loss factor which is in fact Rayleigh in character exhibiting a λ−4 dependence, and the ultraviolet absorption tail is the least significant loss factor. Radiation resistance characteristics of the bulk glasses corresponding to the core and cladding have also been investigated. Upon exposure to ultraviolet radiation from a 1 kW Hg-Xe lamp, the radiation-induced defect centers leading to additional absorption bands in the ultraviolet region result mainly from the photoionization processes of Fe2++hν=Fe3++e− and 2Cl−+hν=Cl2−+e− for the Cl− doped glasses, and the former one is also responsible for the glasses without doping of Cl−. The electron capture centers in the glasses are the [PO4] and/or [P2O7] groups. If the irradiation is carried out with a KrF excimer laser having high-energy density, the formation of radiation-induced defect centers is due not only to the photoionizable multivalent ions, but also to the photoionization of phosphate groups in the glasses. The latter process gives the purple color to the irradiated glasses.
A method for evaluation of the chain drive efficiency

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper is devoted to the development of a method and instruments for evaluation of the efficiency of a chain drive in all possible modes of operation. The proposed method allows determining the torque and the efficiency of chain drives and evaluating their efficiency with a high measurement rate as it uses the acceleration time as the efficiency criterion. A new method requires a minimal amount of additional equipment and, therefore, is more cost-effective than existing methods. Based on the results obtained at experiments we can conclude the applicability of the developed method for evaluation of the chain drive efficiency, and it can be fully used for the study and technical state control of chain drives.
Comparison of Two Techniques for Laparoscopic Abomasopexy for Correction of Left Displaced Abomasum in Dairy Cows

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Laparoscopic abomasopexy has been described to reduce the incidence of complications associated with traditional laparotomy and the blind, roll-and-tack corrective techniques for left-displaced abomasum in cattle. As originally described, this surgical technique involved left paralumbar fossa laparoscopy in standing cattle for placement of the abomasopexy suture, followed by right paramedian laparoscopy for suture retrieval. We hypothesized that laparoscopic abomasopexy could be performed successfully in cattle through a right paramedian laparoscopy alone. The purpose of this study was to compare the "two-step" procedure to a "one-step" procedure for laparoscopic abomasopexy.
Increase of the Fisher in Minnesota

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Journal Article Increase of the Fisher in Minnesota Get access Donald S. Balser, Donald S. Balser Minnesota Division of Game and Fish, Carlos Avery Game Research Center, Forest Lake, Minnesota Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar William H. Longley William H. Longley Minnesota Division of Game and Fish, Carlos Avery Game Research Center, Forest Lake, Minnesota Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Mammalogy, Volume 47, Issue 3, 29 August 1966, Pages 547–550, https://doi.org/10.2307/1377715 Published: 29 August 1966 Article history Accepted: 13 June 1966 Published: 29 August 1966
Church Choir Online Communication and Music Recording and Streaming System

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Communication among choristers has left some choristers in the dark because of the present method used which has led to poor performance in ministration.In the light of this situation, a user friendly system with data storage abilities to facilitate an integrated and centralized system in the storage, management and presentation of data, recording and streaming music as well as in sending notification in the form of text messages and email messages is proposed in this paper.The methodology adopted in this work is Object Oriented Analysis and Design methodology (OOADM).The system was implemented using Microsoft C# programming language which runs on Microsoft Visual Studio 2012 IDE and Microsoft SQL Management Server Studio 2012.This result show that the system handles the messaging and recording of the church choir music well as a solution for the communication problem.
Synthesis of new tricyclic cephalosporins from cephalosporin 3′-triphenylphosphorane

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Cephalosporin 3′-triphenylphosphorane reacted with α-halogeno ketones to give new tricyclic cephalosporins; their aminothiazole oximino derivatives showed a significant activity against gramnegative bacteria.
Current status of pediatric mechanical circulatory support

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose of review The field of pediatric mechanical circulatory support has experienced exponential evolution in recent decades. With favorable complication profiles, implantable continuous-flow ventricular assist devices (VADs) have become a standard option in children, as has been seen in the adult counterpart. Nevertheless, there still exists room for further advances, not just for survival, but throughout the whole trajectory of treatment courses. With reviewing the current state of pediatric VAD support, including existing challenges, we aim to highlight the targets clinicians should focus on for further improvement of pediatric VAD support. Recent findings The field of pediatric VAD has been steadily growing, as evidenced by an increasing number of total VAD implants, particularly with continuous-flow VAD. Currently, HeartWare HVAD (Medtronic Inc., Mounds View, MN) is the most widely used continuous-flow VAD in children with excellent performance. However, only half of the children with HVAD are discharged home, which is drastically different from adult patients, suggesting that the pediatric field is still in the process of maturation. Additionally, outcomes of VAD support for complex congenital heart defect, particularly single ventricle physiology, remain suboptimal, despite an increasing number of such patients. Summary With the ongoing advancement, the field of pediatric VAD support is undergoing a rapid maturation process. This will eventually lead to further paradigm changes, including the use of VAD as permanent therapy.
Chemical stability of oil-infused polyethylene

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) can be made radiopaque for medical imaging applications through the diffusion of an iodised oil-based contrast agent (Lipiodol Ultra Fluid). A similar process is used for Vitamin E incorporated polyethylene which provides antioxidant properties. This study aimed to investigate the critical long-term properties of oil-infused medical polyethylene after 4 weeks of accelerated thermal ageing. Samples treated with an oil (Vitamin E or Lipiodol) had a higher oxidation stability than currently used medical grade polyethylene, indicated by a smaller increase in oxidation index after ageing (Vitamin E + 36%, Lipiodol +40%, Untreated +136%, Thermally treated +164%). The tensile properties of oil treated polyethylene after ageing were significantly higher than the Untreated and Thermally treated controls (p<0.05) indicating less mechanical degradation. There was also no alteration in the percentage crystallinity of oil treated samples after ageing, though the radiopacity of the Lipiodol treated samples reduced by 54% after ageing. The leaching of oil with time was also investigated; the leaching of Lipiodol and Vitamin E followed the same trend and reached a steady state by two weeks. Overall, it can be concluded that the diffusion of an oil-based fluid into polyethylene not only increases the oxidative and chemical stability of polyethylene but also adds additional functionality (e.g. radiopacity) providing a more suitable material for long–term medical applications.
Literature Review of the Gig Economy from a Product Development Perspective:

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

In recent years, growing attention has been paid to the gig economy among both practitioners and academic researchers. The Gig economy refers to socioeconomic activities involving the exchange of labor for monetary reward between gig workers and client firms, via digital platforms. How and what the impact is on firms’ activities, especially relating to product development? To the best of our knowledge, there has been no literature review dealing with this topic to date. In order to address this question, we reviewed the literature focusing on the impact of the gig economy on product development or product innovation. As a result, we identified five key themes; human resource management relating to gig workers, motivation management for gig workers, gig economy and idea generation, the roles and methods of management of digital platforms, and the roles and management of co-working spaces. Finally, relevant issues and future perspectives are discussed.
Internet of Medical Things—State‐of‐the‐Art

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Technological innovations have helped in early diagnosis and disease management, thereby preventing long-term complications of various diseases which contribute to morbidity and mortality. Internet of Things used in the healthcare industry and is the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT). The chapter compiles seminal research about IoMT. The paper elaborates the growth of the IoMT market in the last decade from in-hospital and clinics and having reached to home segment as well. With every second, 127 IoT devices adding in the market, and by 2021, it is expected that 35 billion devices will be connected to web, and by 2026, this market will touch almost one trillion US dollars. There are virtual clinics and telehealth for remote monitoring of patients both in rural areas and even where immediate access to clinicians by severely sick patients is always needed like cardiac and obstetric care. There is personal emergency response system (PERS) becoming highly popular in case of chronic critical diseases and is life-saving. The paper covers latest technological advancements for the on-body segment like the consumer health wearables. The traditional approach in healthcare being more personalized and touch-based system is not replaceable for diagnosis. The old-age, chronically ill patients need remote monitoring and medial management services that ensure the nurses or local healthcare assistants connect to doctors in urban or super-speciality fields for better services. The conclusion indicates that there is already a steep rise in IoMT products, but there is still a huge potential for growth in the IoMT industry.
Treatment of Voice Disorders in Professional Singers

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The optimal care of professional singers with a vocal emergency should be provided in those institutions where a full clinical voice evaluation and laryngeal examination including videostroboscopy can be performed.The purpose of this article is to design a guide for the treatment of professional singers with acute vocal problems.At the same time, we reported and examined statistically our cases suffering from voice disorder due to acute inflammation from January through December 2010 at Tokyo Voice Center.Medication, voice therapy and nebulizer are the essential treatment for professional singers.Appropriate antibiotics should be prescribed if bacterial infection is clinically suspected.For vocal fold edema, steroids can be used to overcome the edema effectively and facilitate performances in acute settings.Among several methods for administering steroids, intravenous steroids, oral steroids or inhaled steroids should be considered,
ESTETIKA DALAM NOVEL JATISABA KARYA RAMAYDA AKMAL

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This study aims to describe: (1) the uniqueness of esthetic codes as a means to express events, and (2) forms of social esthetics in Jatisaba, a novel by Ramayda Akmal. It employedthe stylistic approach focusing on the linguistic system analysis of literary works andinterpretations to obtain holistic meanings. The data source was Jatisaba. The data wereanalyzed by: (1) descriptive technique, (2) hermeneutic understanding, and (3) interactivedialectictechnique. The findings are as follows. First, the uniqueness of esthetic codesin Jatisaba is characterized by the use of language as an aesthetic means. The selection ofappropriate figures of speech is capable of expressing characters’ experiences. Second, thesocial esthetics is described through the use of words or sentences related to socioculturalaspects to provide beauty nuances.
Veronica microcarpa Boiss.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Veronica microcarpa Boiss. Diagnoses Plantarum Orientalum Novarum, ser. 1, 4:76 (Boissier 1844). TYPE CITATION. — “Hab. Prope Bayazid Aucher no. 5097 et in provi. Aderbidjan [= Azerbaijan] no. 5096 ”. LECTOTYPE. — Designated by Riek (1935: 45, second-step lectotype designated here): “ Aderbidjan Aucher-Éloy-Hebier d’Orient no. 5096 ”(likely collected 1837), G[G00343634!]. ISOLECTOTYPES (designated here). — G[G00343582!], MO[MO-176194!*], BM[BM000997941!], KW-Turcz.!, OXF!, P[P03555941*, P03555943*]. SYNTYPES. — “ Bayazid Aucher-Éloy-Herbier d’Orient no. 5097 ” BM[BM000997942!*], G[G00343633*], OXF!, P[P03555940*, P03555943*]. Nomenclatural note. Veronica microcarpa is an ascending to decumbent perennial herb occurring between Eastern Turkey and Western Iran. In phylogenetic analyses including samples from throughout its range, it is rather isolated despite morphologically rather similar to other species of the region, such as V. orientalis. It is noteworthy that there is a disrepancy between ploidy of plants measured flowcytometrically (2×, Eastern Turkey; Sonibare et al. (2014)) and those from chromosome numbers (4×, Armenia, Meskova et al., in Rice et al. [2015]). Boissier (1844) cited two collections of Aucher-Éloy (no. 5097 from “prope Bayazit”, Eastern Turkey, no. 5096 from “Aberbidjan”). Riek (1935) typified the name with the latter. There are two specimens of this collection in G, of which one was donated to the herbarium after Boissier’s death but before Riek published his typification. Therefore, a second-step lectotypification seems advantageous.
SH1632251.08FU

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.
Mekanisme Kerja Dry Needling pada Manajemen Nyeri

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

In the past 20 years, data in United States revealed that those who seek for acupuncture treatment has steadily increased to 12 million people (4% of population). Majority of those patients sought acupuncture for pain conditions (eg. musculoskeletal pain, headache and fibromyalgia) according to NHIS in 2007. Another interventional procedures using the similar filiform needles is dry needling. Dry needling itself has gained popularity in the last 10 years in United States. Acupuncture and dry needling has very little similarities but significantly different in its philosophy, theories and applications. Dry needling uses neurophysiological approach in its theory and neuromusculoskeletal assessments in its applications.
Direct sediment toxicity testing procedure using sediment‐chromotest kit

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract A semiquantitative direct sediment toxicity testing procedure using the Sediment‐Chromotest was developed. This procedure has advantages over many other toxicity bioassays. It is simple, quick, and reliable, and does not require special instrumentation. The direct sediment toxicity testing procedure involves the use of serial dilutions of solid phase suspensions mixed with stressed bacteria ( Escherichia coli ) and a cocktail containing the specific inducer for the chromogenic enzyme and other essential factors. The assay is based on the ability of toxicants to inhibit the de novo synthesis of an inducible enzyme, beta‐galactosidase. The amount of de novo synthesized enzyme is determined by a colorimetric reaction. This new procedure measures the presence of bioavailable toxicants in sediments, suspended sediments, soils, and other solid wastes directly without extraction and concentration. © by John Wiley & Sons, Inc .
Visualization of Adrenocortical Carcinoma Lung Metastases with lodine-131 Labeled 6B-iodomethylnorcholesterol (NP-59)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This case report describes visualization of lung metastases secondary to adrenocortical carcinoma using I-131 labeled 6B-iodomethyl-19-norcholesterol (NP-59) in a 26-year-old woman with a recurrence of Cushing's syndrome one year following surgical removal of the primary tumor.