jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Photocatalytic studies of capped ZnS nanoparticles

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

In this work, we report on the synthesis of ZnS semiconductor nanoparticles stabilized with sodium hexa meta phosphate (SHMP). Capped ZnS nanoparticles were synthesized by a chemical route. The as obtained nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), uv-vis absorption spectroscopy, and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. The average particle size was found to be 2-3 nm. UV-Vis optical spectra showed a blue shift with respect to the bulk counterpart. The room temperature photoluminescence spectra of the nanoparticles showed emission peaks in the range of 363 - 446 nm at excitation wavelength of 325 nm for different concentrations of SHMP. Photocatalytic degradation of bromophenol blue dye was done using capped ZnS nanoparticles. It took about 3.5 hours to degrade the dye completely under uv irradiation.
Improved glycemic control by acarbose therapy in hypertensive diabetic patients: effects on blood pressure and hormonal parameters

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study was carried out on 44 hypertensive type 2 diabetic subjects previously treated by diet associated or not with sulfonylurea to assess the effects of acarbose-induced glycemic control on blood pressure (BP) and hormonal parameters. Before randomization and after a 22-week treatment period (100 to 300 mg/day), the subjects were submitted to a standard meal test and to 24-h ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM) and had plasma glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, lipid profile, insulin, proinsulin and leptin levels determined. Weight loss was found only in the acarbose-treated group (75.1 +/- 11.6 to 73.1 +/- 11.6 kg, P<0.01). Glycosylated hemoglobin decreased only in the acarbose group (6.4 +/- 1.7 to 5.6 +/- 1.9%, P<0.05). Fasting proinsulin decreased only in the acarbose group (23.4 +/- 19.3 to 14.3 +/- 13.6 pmol/l, P<0.05), while leptin decreased in both (placebo group: 26.3 +/- 6.1 to 23.3 +/- 9.4 and acarbose group: 25.0 +/- 5.5 to 22.7 +/- 7.9 ng/ml, P<0.05). When the subset of acarbose-treated patients who improved glycemic control was considered, significant reductions in diurnal systolic, diastolic and mean BP (102.3 +/- 6.0 to 99.0 +/- 6.6 mmHg, P<0.05) were found. Acarbose monotherapy or combined with sulfonylurea was effective in improving glycemic control in hypertensive diabetic patients. Acarbose-induced improvement in metabolic control may reduce BP in these patients. Our data did not suggest a direct action of acarbose on insulin resistance or leptin levels.
Intraspecies and age polymorphism of Norway spruce (Picea Abies (L.) Karst.) in conditions of the Vologda region

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Objects of study are located in the southern taiga subzone of the European North and presented by spruce stands of wood sorrel types of site conditions with mixed stands. Lying of test areas was carried out in young stands, middle-aged, maturing and mature forests on the territory of Griazovets district of Vologda Region. Nature of bark structure at breast height, type of branching on twigs growing up in the middle of the crowns was determined. Processing of tree descriptions was performed on all study objects where 4 types of spruce were recorded by the nature of the structure of bark. By type of branches presence of three forms of spruce were defined.
OP15.08: Association between the cerebroplacental ratio and preterm birth

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

To determine whether low cerebroplacental ratio (CPR) is associated with preterm birth (PTB) <34 weeks, and other adverse obstetrical outcomes in monochorionic twins. This was a secondary outcomes retrospective cohort study of 164 pathologically confirmed monochorionic twin gestations, delivering after 20 weeks at The Ottawa Hospital, between January 2014 and December 2017. Outcomes included PTB<34 weeks, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, mode of delivery, intrauterine fetal death(IUFD) and placental abruption. We investigated their relationship to low CPR<2.5%, elevated UA-PI>95%, and low MCA-PI<5%. SAS 9.4 was used for statistical analyses. For categorical variables, differences between groups were calculated using Chi-square or Fisher exact tests. For continuous variables, differences in means or medians were calculated using t-test, Wilcoxon rank sum, ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis tests. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Complications in the monochorionic twin population included PTB <34 weeks (14.6%), hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (20.7%), Caesarean section (56.1%), IUFD (2.4%) and abruption (0.6%). For PTB <34 weeks, the prevalence of low CPR was significantly increased at 26.7% versus normal CPR at 6.06% (p=0.002), as was elevated UA-PI at 31.3% versus normal UA-PI at 11.2% (p=0.04), and low MCA-PI at 54.2% versus normal MCA-PI at 6.5% (p<0.001). Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy were associated with a significantly higher prevalence of elevated UA-PI versus normal UA-PI(p=0.03). Caesarean section was associated with a higher frequency of low MCA-PI, compared to vaginal delivery(p=0.006). No statistically significant differences were observed for the relationship between Doppler thresholds and IUFD, as well as abruption. Low CPR, elevated UA-PI and low MCA-PI are significantly associated with PTB <34 weeks in monochorionic twin pregnancies. Further study is needed to better establish the relationships between Doppler variables and adverse obstetrical and neonatal outcomes in monochorionic twins. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Lifestyle of Shellmound Builders in Brazil (galley proofs)

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The contact of inland and coastal prehistoric groups in Brazil is believed to have been restricted to regions with no geographical barrier, as is the case in the Ribeira de Iguape valley. The inland osteological collection from the riverine shellmound Moraes (5800–4500 BP) represents a unique opportunity to test this assumption for this region. Despite cultural similarities between riverine and coastal shellmounds, important ecological and site distribution differences are expected to impact on lifestyle. The purpose of this study is thus to document and interpret health and lifestyle indicators in Moraes in comparison to coastal shellmound groups. Specifically we test if the rare evidence of fish and mollusc remains in the riverine shellmound led to (a) higher caries rates and (b) lower auditory exostosis frequency and (c) if the small size of the riverine shellmound translates into reduced demographic density and thus rarity of communicable infectious diseases. Of the three hypotheses, (a) was confirmed, (b) was rejected and (c) was partly rejected. Bioanthropological similarities between Moraes and coastal shellmounds include auditory exostoses with equally high frequencies; significantly more frequent osteoarthritis in upper than in lower limbs; cranial and dental morphological affinities and low frequencies of violent trauma. However, there are also important differences: Moraes subsisted on a much broader protein diet and consumed more cariogenic food, but showed a stature even shorter than coastal groups. Thus, despite the contact also suggested by treponematoses in both site types, there was enough time for the people at the riverine site to adapt to local conditions.
Non-Equilibrium Supersonic Flow Past a Blunt Plate at High Angle of Attack

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The computational model designed for studying the processes of non-equilibrium physicochemical gas dynamics in supersonic rarefied-air flow past a blunt plate of finite dimensions under the laboratory experiment conditions is formulated. The computational model is based on the two-dimensional Navier–Stokes equations, the energy conservation laws for the translational degrees of freedom of atoms and molecules and the vibrational degrees of freedom of diatomic molecules, and the chemical kinetics and diffusion equations for individual components of partially ionized gas flow. The basic gas dynamic and kinetic processes in flow past a blunt plate are analyzed at the Mach numbers M = 10 and 20. It is shown that regions of thermal nonequilibrium are formed.
Natural variation of wheat cuticular waxes in relation to drought tolerance

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Aims. The aim of our research is to investigate the role of wheat leaf cuticle in drought and heat protection by characterizing \nnatural variability of cuticle components and revealing genetic and biochemical background of this variability in Australian \nwheat varieties. Methods. Cultivars with different levels of drought tolerance were analyzed for cuticle wax composition \nby gas chromatography (GC–MS) and for cuticle structure properties by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results. \nMetabolomics analyses demonstrated signifi cant quantitative differences between drought-sensitive and drought-tolerant \ncultivars in several types of wax components. These data are complemented by differences in cuticle structure revealed \nby SEM. Ten wheat genes potentially involved in regulation of cuticle biosynthesis have been cloned and analysed for \nexpression profi les in wheat by RT-qPCT. Conclusions. Acquired data are currently being used for identifi cation of \nenzymes and genes responsible for drought-related cuticular components. \nKeywords: wheat, drought tolerance, cuticle waxes, gene expression.
ferT encodes a meiosis-specific nuclear tyrosine kinase.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ferT is a mouse testis-specific mRNA, shown previously to potentially encode a 51 kilodalton tyrosine kinase termed p51ferT. The accumulation of ferT RNA is restricted to primary spermatocytes that are at the prophase stage of the first spermatogenic meiotic division. By using antibodies raised against a synthetic peptide which was designed according to a putative p51ferT unique amino acid sequence, we have shown that testicular cells indeed contain a 51 kilodalton protein that is recognized by the anti-p51ferT antibodies. The protein was not detected in six nontesticular mouse tissues, nor was it detected, like the ferT RNA, in the testes of 14-day-old mice. These findings strongly suggest that the 51 kilodalton protein is p51ferT. Immunohistochemical staining localized p51ferT to meiotically dividing spermatocytes. Transfection experiments in CHO cells confirmed the nuclear localization of p51ferT in eukaryotic cells. p51ferT seems thus to be the first meiosis-specific nuclear tyrosine kinase described to date.
Temperatures attainable by adiabatic demagnetization of cerium–lanthanum–magnesium nitrates

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A new expression is derived for the final temperature Tf attainable by adiabatic demagnetization of a paramagnetic salt to a zero intensity of the external magnetic field. This expression, based on the first three terms in the high-temperature van Vleck series expansion of the magnetic entropy Sm, takes into account dipole–dipole interaction of magnetic-ion moments as well as interaction of these moments with proton spins. For cerium–lanthanum–magnesium nitrate (CexLa1−x)2Mg3(NO3)12·24H2O this expression describes the dependence of the final temperature Tf on the cerium content x in close agreement with experimental data.
Larval Development of Cecal Worm (Heterakis gallinarum) in Chickens

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

THE frequency of occurrence and significance of the temporary invasion of <it>Heterakis gallinarum</it> larvae into the cecal mucosa as part of the larvae’s development is controversial. Riley and James (1921) reported marked inflammation of the cecal walls of infected chickens but did not describe a tissue phase. Dorman (1928) and Clapham (1933) indicated that all larvae developed in the lumen. Uribe (1922) designated the 2nd to the 5th day post-exposure as the period when all larvae were in the “bottom of the crypts of the cecal mucosa.” According to Itagaki (1930) no larvae were found in the cecal wall but some were buried in the cecal glands where they seemed to develop to maturity. Baker (1933) observed that “larvae showed a pronounced tendency to invade” but only the anterior one half of the larvae penetrated the glandular crypts of the mucosa. Tyzzer (1934) found the larvae penetrating the epithelia of . . .
Psychomotor Speed As Marker For Overreaching In Young Elite Soccer Players

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Psychomotor slowness has recently been introduced as marker for functional and nonfunctional overreaching in sport. Since overreaching is characterized by sport-specific performance decrement (PD), research is needed that relates psychomotor speed to PD. Furthermore, the effect of exercise should be known to verify if such a tool would be suitable for sport practice. Up to now, research has focused on individual sports. However, it can be argued that ball team sport athletes differ in terms of information processing and motor action. PURPOSE: To investigate if psychomotor speed before and after maximal exercise is a useful tool to classify young elite soccer players with and without PD. METHODS: Eleven soccer players with PD of four up to eight weeks and eight controls (mean ± SD: Age (years) 16 ± 1, Height (cm) 177.3 ± 5.64, Weight (kg) 69.9 ± 5.96) were invited to the laboratory. These players were selected out of 94 players who performed monthly submaximal Interval Shuttle Run Tests. Subjects with a heart rate increase > 4 b·min-1 were classified as players with PD. Prior to participation, a sports physician screened all subjects to exclude well-known causes of PD. Subsequently, all players executed the Finger Precuing Task before and after a maximal exercise test on a treadmill. RESULTS: No significant differences were found in mean time to exhaustion and maximal heart rate during the maximal exercise test in the PD group (18:01 ± 2:22 (min), 190 ± 11 b·min-1) and the control group (17:31 ± 2:22 (min), 198 ± 6 b·min-1). An ANOVA for repeated measures revealed shorter reaction time post compared to pre exercise (Reaction time (ms) 444.18 ± 13.27 vs. 406.68 ± 12.32, p<.05). No between-subject effect was found (PD group: 424.91 ± 15.32 vs. control: 421.39 ± 17.97). CONCLUSIONS: The results demonstrate no differences in reaction time before and after maximal exercise between soccer players with and without PD. This makes psychomotor speed as marker for overreaching in soccer players questionable. It might be that a more sport-specific reaction time task is required. Since in this study soccer players had relatively short-term PD, further research is needed that relates psychomotor speed to long-term PD. Supported by ZonMw grant 7502.0006.
Numerical prediction of heat-flux to massive calorimeters engulfed in regulatory fires with the cask analysis fire environment (CAFE) model

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Recent observations show that the thermal boundary conditions within large-scale fires are significantly affected by the presence of thermally massive objects. These objects cool the soot and gas near their surfaces, and these effects reduce the incoming radiant heat-flux to values lower than the levels expected from simple σTfire 4 models. They also affect the flow and temperature fields in the fire far from their surfaces. The Cask Analysis Fire Environment (CAFE) code has been developed at Sandia National Laboratories to provide an enhanced fire boundary condition for the design of radioactive material packages. CAFE is a set of computer subroutines that use computational fluid mechanics methods to predict convective heat transfer and mixing. It also includes models for fuel and oxygen transport, chemical reactions, and participating-media radiation heat transfer. This code uses two-dimensional computational models so that it has reasonably short turnaround times on standard workstations and is well suited for design and risk studies. In this paper, CAFE is coupled with a commercial finite-element program to model a large cylindrical calorimeter fully engulfed in a pool fire. The time-dependent heat-flux to the calorimeter and the calorimeter surface temperature are determined for several locations around the calorimeter circumference. The variation of heat-flux with location is determined for calorimeters with different diameters and wall thicknesses, and the observed effects discussed.
Parallel dynamic load-balancing for adaptive distributive memory PDE solvers

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This thesis is concerned with the issue of dynamic load-balancing in connection with the parallel adaptive solution of partial differential equations (PDEs). We are interested in parallel solutions based upon either finite element or finite volume schemes on unstructured grids and we assume that geometric parallelism is used, whereby the finite element or finite volume grids are partitioned across the available parallel processors. For parallel efficiency it is necessary to maintain a well balanced partition and to attempt to keep communication overheads as low as possible. When adaptivity occurs however a given partition may deteriorate in quality and so it must be modified dynamically. This is the problem that we consider in this work. Chapters one and two outline the problem in more detail and review existing work in this field. In Chapter one a brief history of parallel computers is presented and different kinds of parallel machines are mentioned. The finite element method is also...
study of the application in the brewing of enzyme preparation, containing laminarinase and lichenase, produced from TRICHODERMA SP. 405

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The β-glucanase enzymes find wide application in the brewing. It was obtained an enzyme preparation with laminarinase and lichenase activity, produced from Trichoderma sp. 405 and was investigated its application in the technological process of brewing wort preparation. It was found that the studied enzyme preparation has a hydrolytic effect on the b-glucans and the hemicelluloses of the used ingredients. From economical point of view the obtained enzyme preparation, added at a dose of 0,04 % compared to the used ingredients, leads to receiving of brewing wort, containing b-glucans suitable for healthy lifestyle.
Primary Dural Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma: A Case Report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Primary dural lymphoma is a rare subtype of primary central nervous system lymphoma that arises from the dura mater. The majority of primary dural lymphomas are histologically mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma. We present a rare case of a 78-year-old woman with primary dural lymphoma diagnosed as diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. She was admitted with status epilepticus. Magnetic resonance imaging showed an extra-axial mass lesion in the right parieto-occipital region, which enhanced homogeneously with contrast medium. To obtain a histopathological diagnosis, resection of the lesion involving the dura mater was performed. Based on histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations, the patient was diagnosed with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. We summarize the clinical characteristics of this unusual disease.
IMPACT OF PATIENT SAFETY CULTURE ON MEDICAL ERROR ATTITUDES: AN APPLICATION IN NURSES

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This study aims to examine the effects of patient safety culture perceptions on their attitudes of medical errors among nurses. The universe of the study is nurses working in a public hospital in Antalya (n = 350). The convenience sampling method was used in the study and the questionnaire was collected from 205 nurses. The data were obtained between October 2-November 3, 2018. The study results demonstrates that the dimensions of patient safety culture explained 28.2% of the total variance in the perception of medical error, 26.4% of the total variance in medical error approach, and 21.8% of the total variance in causes of medical errors. Patient safety culture also explains 32% of the total variance in all subdimensions of medical error. The results of this study highlight the importance of enhancing patient safety culture to protect patients from medical errors in health institutions. This study also revealed important factors that need to be considered for successful implementation of patient safety culture. It is recommended to have a common understanding and increase awareness in reducing medical errors and improving patient safety culture.
Control of the Magnon–Photon Coupling

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A systematic study of the electrodynamic coupling between the ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) and the cavity mode of a microwave cavity is presented. The nature of the FMR and cavity modes, described by their resonance position and line width, is measured and compared with a classical model based on the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation and an RLC circuit, which explicitly implement Faraday's and Ampère's laws. The relationship between the coupling gap, which can be accessed experimentally, and the coupling strength, which is a fundamental property of the FMR/cavity system, is discussed on the basis of this model. A straightforward method is experimentally developed to control the coupling gap. The capability of using such a tunable cavity-FMR coupling in combination with spin pumping could provide us with new technologies that utilize the light-matter interaction to control spin current in cavity spintronics.
Reconfigurable Voltage/Current Readout Instrumentation Amplifier for Cardiovascular Health Monitoring

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A single common instrumentation amplifier (IA) architecture to measure voltage and current input signals is presented and applied to electrocardiogram (ECG) and photoplethysmogram (PPG) sensing. The reconfigurable IA switches between the voltage and current sensing modes in timely multiplexing manner faster than ECG and PPG bandwidth. A design to reduce noise is applied in the current sensing mode. The designed IA is implemented using CMOS 180-nm process technology. The current consumption, voltage noise, and current noise are measured as 45 μA, 2.7 μVrms, and 384 pArms, respectively. In addition, the measured PPG signals are compared with/without the proposed noise reduction scheme.
Design of Industrial Chimney Type Structures According to the Turkish Building Earthquake Code 2018

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper examines reinforced concrete (R/C) chimney type structures that have been used intensively after industrialization. Within the scope of the study, the differences between the Turkish Building Earthquake Code 2018 (TBEC-2018) and the Turkish Building Earthquake Code 2007 (TBEC-2007) and the innovations brought by the TBEC-2018 were investigated. A waste hot gas chimney at the Mersin Soda Factory, af-filiated with Şişecam A.Ş., was analyzed using the linear Modal Response Spectrum Method in Integrated Software for Structural Analysis and Design (SAP2000) soft-ware, preserving the existing sectional dimensions. The results of the analysis per-formed in the past of the structure using the Modal Response Spectrum Method ac-cording to the TBEC-2007 were compared with the results obtained from this study. The differences between the two codes were addressed in terms of linear calculation methods. As a result of the research, the modal analysis method was compared with similar sections only within the scope of linear calculation methods. Even in this case, it was observed that the forces and moments calculated according to the 2018 earth-quake code increased significantly compared to the 2007 earthquake code values.