jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Role of N-terminal domain of RAD54 in Branch Migration of Holliday Junctions

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Homologous recombination plays an important role in repairing the most harmful types of DNA damage, including DNA double-strand breaks and interstrand cross-links, in promoting faithful chromosome segregation during meiosis, and in telomere maintenance. RAD54 protein, a member of theSwi2/Snf2 family of ATP-dependent DNA translocases, is crucial to the homologous recombination pathway. The protein is conserved in all eukaryotes. RAD54 is a multifunctional protein that promotes branch migration of Holliday Junctions, chromatin remodeling, and stimulation of DNA strand exchange activity of RAD51. The structure of RAD54 lacking the N-terminal domain has been solved. The central domain of RAD54 has DNA dependent ATPase motifs that are well conserved in all members of helicase Superfamily 1 and 2; however, the N-terminal domain is unique for RAD54 orthologues and is not well understood. Here, using biochemical approaches and site-directed mutagenesis, we characterized the role of the RAD54 N-terminal domain in branch migration of Holliday junctions. We found that by removing N-terminal domain residues we were able to uncouple ATPase and branch migration activities of RAD54. Also, we found that a recently identified DNA binding site in the N-terminal domain of RAD54 has a preference for branched DNA substrates similar to that of the full length RAD54. Disruption of DNA binding of the N-terminal domain inhibited the branch migration activity of RAD54 without affecting its ATPase activity. Our results demonstrate for the first time that the DNA binding by the N-terminal domain is necessary for the branch migration activity of RAD54. This requirement of second DNA binding domain for branch migration may be conserved among branch migration proteins. We also identified specific small-molecule inhibitors for branch migration activity of RAD54. Interestingly, the initial analysis showed that two smallmolecule compounds, C-A23, and C-G01 had a stronger inhibition on branch migration without significantly affecting its ATPase activity. This suggests that they may inhibit branch migration by interacting with the N-terminal domain of RAD54. However, further work needs to done to determine their exact mechanism of action and the function of branch migration in cells using these inhibitors.
Qa-1-Associated Antigens

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Abstract In this report we present evidence for the generation of H-2-nonrestricted cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) specific for determinants encoded in the Qa-1 region of the 17th chromosome. B10.BR (Qa-1a) CTL primed in vivo and restimulated in vitro with H-2-identical AKR, C3H, or CBA (Qa-1b) splenocytes lysend Qa-1b targets, irrespective of their H-2 haplotypes. Immunizations in the reverse direction produced H-2-nonrestricted CTL that lysed Qa-1a but not Qa-1b targets. Mapping experiments with target cells from B6 congenic mice confirmed that the locus controlling these reactions lies in the Qa-1 region. Although it has been difficult to raise antisera against Qa-1b gene products, our cytotoxic data argue that the recognition of the products of the Qa-1 region is bidirectional. Determinants encoded in the Qa-1 region, detected serologically or by CTL, were found on both T and B cell blasts. We also found that an antiserum against Qa-1a gene products specifically blocked the cell-mediated killing of Qa-1a targets, thus suggesting that CTL and antibodies bind products of the same genetic locus. Whether Qa-1 is a single locus or a complex of serologically and CTL-defined genes, the nonrestricted nature of anti-Qa-1 CTL suggests important functional and structural similarities between Qa-1 and the murine major histocompatibility complex.
International System, not International Structure: Against the Agent-Structure Problematique in IR

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Since the very beginning of social sciences, the relationship between agents and the social system has been a central problématique. Unfortunately, the agent–structure problem, which is a much narrower version of the agent–system problem, has mostly replaced the latter in social sciences, including international relations (IRs). This article argues that our long-standing affair with the agent–structure problématique has been disastrous for IR and the broader social sciences, and that it is time to end it. Our obsession with structure or the agent–structure problématique has blinded us to the simple reality that system encompasses much more than agent-and-structure and as such, that focussing on structure alone cannot possibly lead us to an adequate understanding of the dynamics of any social system. Social scientists should embrace a genuinely systemic approach if they desire to understand adequately the dynamics within a system. A refocussing on system rather than on structure not only clarifies some of the key debates in IR theory but also points to important new directions for further research. The discussion here contributes to the recent resurging interest in the systemic approach within the broader social sciences, and IR in particular.
Enrichment of chicken meat with dietary fibre sources as functional ingredients

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

SUMMARYChicken meat products that are ready-to-cook/ready-to-eat are gaining popularity among the consumers due to their ease of preparation/consumption. In the present global scenario, there is a considerable demand for health oriented, minimally processed poultry products with all natural ingredients. Hence, there is prime need for the value addition of chicken meat by developing functional foods, focusing on the health benefits of the consumers. The role of dietary fibre in the nutrition is immense in maintaining the human well-being, and in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases, colon cancer and several other health disorders. Since meat is devoid of dietary fibre, extensive research works are being carried out on enrichment of chicken meat with dietary fibre sources as functional ingredients in the chicken meat products. In this review, the significance of dietary fibres in human nutrition, various types of dietary fibre sources and their utilisation in the development of chicken meat products will be discussed.KEYWORDS: Chicken meat productdietary fibrefunctional ingredientcerealsfruitsvegetables Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).
Bis(triphenylsilyl)phenylarsenite, PhAs(OSiPh3)2

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The geometry at the As atom in the title compound, [As(C6H5)(C18H15OSi)2], is trigonal pyramidal, with C—As—O angles of 94.9 (2) and 99.9 (2)°, an O—As—O angle of 95.12 (19)°, As—O distances of 1.759 (4) and 1.786 (4) Å, and an As—C distance of 1.932 (5) Å. Four of the six independent phenyl rings in the two SiPh3 groups are disordered.
Sclerosing Epithelioid Fibrosarcoma of the Kidney: First Reported Case in a Young Child

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Sclerosing epithelioid fibrosarcoma (SEF) is a rare variant of fibrosarcoma primarily arising in the deep soft tissue of the extremities and trunk. Despite having the morphologic appearance of a low-grade sarcoma, it generally has an aggressive clinical course with frequent local recurrences and distant metastases. It typically occurs in middle aged adults and is characterized by immunoexpression of MUC4 and recurrent gene fusions, most commonly EWSR1-CREB3L1. We report a primary renal SEF in a 4-year-old male. To our knowledge, this is the youngest patient reported with SEF and the second case of SEF in a pre-adolescent child. It is the eleventh reported case of primary renal SEF in the literature. While SEF arising in visceral organs is rare, the kidney is the most common primary site of any visceral organ. This case demonstrates SEF can occur in pre-adolescents, is an important consideration when evaluating sarcomas in young children, and should be considered in the differential diagnosis for primary renal tumors.
Fuel characteristics, vegetation structure and fire behaviour of 11–15 year-old rehabilitated bauxite mines in Western Australia

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Summary Bauxite mines rehabilitated in the early 1980s in Western Australia have built up substantial fuel loads that may be reduced through prescription burning. Fuel characteristics, vegetation structure and fire behaviour of 11–15 year-old rehabilitated bauxite mines were examined. Fuel loads were high in all pre-burn rehabilitation areas (23.4–35.1 t ha−1) although large ranges in fuel load estimates of sample plots (6.3–49.3 t ha−1) indicated the heterogenous nature of the fuel distribution that led to heterogeneity in fire behaviour. The vegetation structure of the rehabilitated areas differed from that of the native jarrah forest due to a lower proportion of live to dead plant material and the presence of a prominent mid-storey layer composed of dead Acacia plants. This mid-storey layer contributed 45% of the total fuel load and led to increased flame heights and subsequent higher levels of crown scorch regardless of the soil and litter moisture conditions. Seven prescription burns were carried out between 1994 and 1996 encompassing a range of fire intensities and seasons of burning. Autumn burns were generally of higher intensity than spring burns due to the drier nature of the fuel following summer drought. Re-accumulation of fuel in the first year following burning was rapid (6.4–9.5 t ha−1) but had levelled off by the second year (6.1–10.3 t ha−1). Vegetation structure of rehabilitated areas one and two years after burning indicated that the prescription burns had removed the mid-storey layer of senescent Acacia material and stimulated an increase in the proportion of live plant material, particularly following autumn burning. Maximum soil temperatures recorded by heat-sensitive crayons exceeded 200°C in the autumn burns and were generally well below 100°C in the spring burns. Hard-seeded species would have been stimulated to germinate in the top 2–5 cm following autumn burning and only in the top I cm following spring burning. Some seeds in the top 1 cm of soil may have been killed in the autumn burns. The fire management of rehabilitated areas will have to be different to that of the native jarrah forest due to differences in fuel characteristics, vegetation structure and fire behaviour of these two sites.
The Parable of the Prodigal Father: An Interpretative Key to the Third Gospel (Luke 15:11-32)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Agreement on a title for the parable in Luke 15:11-32 has proved problematic for interpreters: is this primarily a story about the ‘son’ or ‘sons’ or a ‘family’? While such descriptions are viable, they are insufficient and the view taken in this essay, along with that of an increasing number of scholars—not discounting the role of the two sons—is to approach the story from a paternal perspective. Moreover, this parable is about a ‘prodigal father’ for his extravagant generosity and liberality is highly unusual and unexpected. Such conduct, however, is no less a part of the evangelist’s wider agenda of ‘prodigality’ in the third Gospel, where the same munificence and largesse are characteristics consonant with those who belong in the kingdom of God. It is concluded that if the father is representative of God in his reckless beneficence then another legitimate designation for this narrative should be ‘The Parable of the Prodigal Father’.
<title>Form type identification for banking applications and its implementation issues</title>

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents a new type ATM called image-ATM and an image workflow system developed for banking applications. The system including the image-ATM captures the paper forms brought by the clients at the very front-end, identifies the type of forms, and recognizes the data on the form automatically. The image-ATM can accept over 400 different kinds of forms. The system is presently in operation at some of the Japanese major banks. They could reduce considerable human workforce for their branch offices by introducing the image workflow system and by centralizing the back-office work at a few operation centers. Technically, form recognition, especially form type identification, was one of the keys for this success. This paper discusses a method for form type identification and its technical issues.
Developing Technologically Responsive Reflective Learning Model for Z Generation Learners

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Z Generation is a generation born and grows up with the internet.Generation Z requires a learning model that is more than traditional learning.This study aims to develop a learning model for the Z-generation learners, which is called Technologically Responsive Reflective Learning.There are two main products developed, namely reflective learning model syntax and technology feature integrated to support the reflective learning process.The research was developed with R2D2 design, which has three development focuses, namely: (1) defining focus, (2) design and development focus, and (3) dissemination focus.Research data were in the form of comments, criticism, suggestions on the product, and the score of the product from expert teams, practitioners, and users of the product.The data were analyzed according to their domain to determine the product feasibility.Assessment aspects of experts and practitioners, which did not meet the eligibility were revised to fulfill the eligibility criteria.Research findings showed that after some improvements, this research product is very feasible to be implemented.
Wide-Area Motion Imagery Vehicle Detection in Adverse Conditions

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Automated extraction of intelligence from wide-area motion imagery (WAMI) is a known challenge in the artificial intelligence and computer vision fields, with vehicle detection in particular providing wide-ranging applications to defense, environmental awareness, and economic monitoring. To properly trust automated WAMI image processing methods for remote sensing and situational awareness, a thorough investigation of where and why their performance deteriorates is critical. In this work, we explore boundary conditions of WAMI vehicle detection to identify situations where additional data can address existing performance degradation. Additionally, we propose a method of weakly-supervised detection to reduce reliance on fully labeled ground truth.
Effect of Electron-Electron Interactions in Conducting Polymers

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract We argue that because of the large correlation length in most conducting polymers, their electronic properties can be understood semi-quantitatively in terms of a simple effective (coarse grained) model. This description is valid only so long as the effective electron-electron interactions are “weak.” The effect of these interactions have been evaluated perturbatively, and values of the interaction strengths are found which are consistent with recent experiments in polyacetylene, and which are indeed “weak.“
The research of the real-time pricing model based on the cumulated points system in the demand response

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we consider the customer's electricity cost and the degree of change in electricity consumption under real-time electricity pricing to establish a single objective optimization model with multiple constraints, which adds to the price demand elasticity and cumulated points system. The effect of customers' "peak-load shifting" implementation, in combination with the factor of service providers' purchasing cost of electricity are considered to set reasonable subsidy mechanism. The actual electricity load and price data is used in numerical simulation.
EFFECTIVENESS OF CHANGES IN THE DELIVERY OF DIABETES CARE IN A RURAL COMMUNITY

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT: Diabetes has a significant impact upon health in rural Maori communities. A diabetes club was established to support self‐care and improve diabetes management in a rural community in Northland, New Zealand. A structured approach to care and an associated audit were also introduced. Patient involvement and ownership of the condition were considered important issues. Monitoring of care processes increased by 79%. The first year of audit was associated with a reduction in mean fructosamine from 369 ± 85 μmol L ‐1 to 321 ± 65 μmol L ‐1 and this was sustained for a further 3 years. The number of people using insulin increased from 15 to 22%. The audit process facilitated the implementation of changes in the delivery of care. We conclude that the data indicate that the enthusiastic delivery of care in general practice, with a devolution of power to the patient, linked to an audit service can result in improved management among patients with Type 2 diabetes.
6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose 2,6-bisphosphatase from rat liver.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Rat liver 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose 2,6-bisphosphatase was phosphorylated by [gamma-32P]ATP plus fructose-6-P or [2-32P]fructose-2,6-P2. The radioactivity co-migrated with homogeneous 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose 2,6-bisphosphatase during sodium dodecyl sulfate-disc gel electrophoresis and the phosphoenzyme was acid-labile and base-stable. Hydrolysis of the phosphate group from phosphoenzyme prepared with either donor and the hydrolysis of their tryptic phosphopeptides depended on pH similarly. The pH dependence suggested that phosphate was linked to the N3 of a histidine residue. Co-electrophoresis and co-chromatography of alkaline hydrolysates of the labeled phosphoenzyme prepared from either substrate allowed the definitive identification of 3-phosphohistidine in the degradation products. Modification of the enzyme with diethylpyrocarbonate inactivated both the phosphotransferase and phosphohydrolase activities and suppressed the phosphorylation of the enzyme by ATP and fructose-6-P or by fructose-2,6-P2. Trypsin digestion of the phosphoenzyme formed upon incubation with ATP or fructose-2,6-P2 yielded an identical phosphopeptide after high pressure liquid chromatography. All the above data are consistent with this enzyme catalyzing both phosphohydrolase and phosphotransferase reactions with the mediation of phosphohistidine in the reaction scheme(s).
Cloning and expressing of the lipoprotein LppC from China strains Mycoplasma mycoide subsp. Mycoides SC

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Lipoprotein LppC is an immunodominant antigen of Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. Mycoides small-colony type (Mmm SC) which causes contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP). In this study, the LppC gene was amplified from srtain of MmmSC PG1, cloned into pMDT-18 vector and sequenced. The LppC was 644 bp in length and shared 100 % sequence homology with those of Afade, L2 and PG1 strains, indicating that LppC gene is highly conserved in MmmSC. The LppC fragment was then subcloned into expression vector pET32a for expression. A recombinant protein of 45 ku was obtained. The protein was purified using a Ni-NTA system and could react with CBPP positive bovine antiserum.
Patient evaluation of the hotel function of hospitals.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

By having access to patient satisfaction comparisons among hospitals, patients are empowered to make better choices, employers can identify and adapt to patient preferences, and administrators can improve the services delivered and decrease health care costs by improving efficiency. Although our study was somewhat limited by patient selection biases, the study's results suggest that Internet-based tools of comparison will enable patients to make free and informed decisions about their health care by comparing local hospitals and voting on their impressions of the facilities from which they receive care.
Undervalued, understaffed, underdeveloped, and underutilized? The status of public libraries in the eleven municipalities of rural Iloilo Province, Philippines

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Libraries, as service-oriented organizations, are being guided on every aspect of their operation by local and international standards. In the Philippines, public libraries are expected to adhere to the stipulations of the Philippine Standards for Public Libraries. This study was conducted to assess the adherence of the 11 municipal libraries in Iloilo Province to the following areas of the Standards: library administration, collection management, services and utilization, physical facilities, financial resources, and linkages, networking and collaboration. Findings revealed that most libraries were non-compliant with almost all aspects of the Standards. Specifically, the majority lacked support from their local government units and were managed by non-professional librarians with inadequate knowledge and skills in successfully managing a library. Additionally, most libraries have a low budget to purchase updated resources of various types and formats and appropriate facilities and equipment. Furthermore, almost all libraries lacked networks and linkages, and collaborative activities that could have helped librarians enhance their skills, improve library resources and services, and increase their visibility and value to the stakeholders. Consequently, most municipal libraries could not fulfill the community's information needs; therefore, they remained undervalued and underutilized.
Modification of neuron numbers in the visual system of the rat

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract After unilateral lesions of the posterior cerebral cortex at birth, the ipsilateral dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus disappears within 96 hours. Several of the remaining visual centers may be distorted, atrophic or hypertrophic. Examples of the last are the ipsilateral nucleus of the optic tract (NOT) and superficial layers of the superior colliculus (SC), which usually show a volume increase. In order to determine changes in neuron numbers in these two regions, we exposed rats to 3 H‐thymidine on specific embryonic days. Some of these rats received posterior cortical lesions on the day of birth and others served as controls. Counts from adult rats exposed to 3 H‐thymidine on embryonic days 13 and 14 reveal a significant increase in the number of labeled neurons in both the NOT and SC on the side of the lesion. The retinal projections in rats with posterior lesions at birth were determined by the application of silver degeneration methods after eye removal. Atypical optic projections are found to the lateral posterior nucleus and the NOT on the side of the lesion. We conclude that the redistribution of optic collaterals after early destruction of the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus serves to increase neuron numbers in the NOT and SC. Therefore, the present findings are comparable to the results in nonmammals after transplantation of additional peripheral organs.