jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Roots of Communitarian and Liberal Marxist Property and Justice Theory

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

An ideal expression of the liberal communitarian standpoint on property ethics and economic justice can be found in Marx and other ethical Marxists. Marxist justice, beyond unjust property class, adds to the liberal values of negative liberty and equality the communitarian value of material solidarity, defined as institutional lessening of disharmony between individual ethical and social ethical goals, the extent of which is dictated by material and economic conditions, and needs, and full development of which requires an account of property. Often, material solidarity is expressed by Marx and communitarian Marxists as a critique of alienation from community and of an ethics of competitiveness. The thinkers that I identify as communitarian Marxists—Marx, Engels, Lukács, Rosdolsky, Rubin and Thomson—did not use the term communitarian, but, with the exception of Thomson, demonstrated their immersion in communitarian economic ethics through their embrace of a Hegelian ethics of Sittlichkeit social practices.KeywordsMaterial SolidarityDistributive JusticeProperty EthicCommunal PropertySocial ContentThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Vitamin E and probucol reduce urinary lipophilic aldehydes and renal enlargement in streptozotocin‐induced diabetic rats

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Diabetes mellitus is characterized by complications affecting several organs, including the kidney. Lipid peroxidation increases in diabetes and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications. In this study, we examined the ability of two antioxidants, vitamin E and probucol, to reduce lipid peroxidation in vivo and renal hypertrophy, an early stage of diabetic nephropathy, in rats. Animals were divided into four groups: non‐diabetic, diabetic, diabetic treated with vitamin E, and diabetic treated with probucol. Animals were given antioxidants by intraperitoneal injection after induction of diabetes by streptozotocin injection. After 7 wk, lipid peroxidation in vivo was measured by analyzing urinary excretion of lipophilic aldehydes and related carbonyl compounds (LACC) as 2,4‐dinitrophenylhydrazones by high‐performance liquid chromatography. A number of urinary lipophilic nonpolar and polar aldehydes and related carbonyl compounds were identified, almost all of which increased in diabetes. Antioxidant treatment resulted in significantly decreased excretion of urinary LACC excretion. Antioxidant treatment of diabetic rats reduced renal hypertrophy. There was a high correlation between kidney weight and urinary LACC. Since LACC are accepted markers of lipid peroxidation, these results indicate that antioxidants can reduce the elevated lipid peroxidation of diabetes and may slow the onset of diabetic nephropathy.
Sublethal effects of <I>Angelica sinensis</I> and <I>Ricinus communis</I> extracts on the growth, development and fecundity of <I>Spodoptera exigua</I> Hübner

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

为探讨植物提取液对甜菜夜蛾的亚致死效应, 本文建立了当归和蓖麻提取液毒力回归方程, 测定了两种提取液亚致死剂量LC20和LC30对幸存亲代和F1代甜菜夜蛾生长发育和繁殖的影响。结果表明: 与对照组相比, 这两种提取物的两个亚致死剂量对亲代和F1代甜菜夜蛾2~5 龄幼虫历期、亲代和F1代甜菜夜蛾蛹历期和雌雄蛹重均无显著影响; 与对照组相比, 当归LC20和LC30处理后亲代甜菜夜蛾产卵量分别下降21.4%和26.5%, 而F1代分别下降45.4%和61.3%, 蓖麻LC20和LC30处理后亲代甜菜夜蛾产卵量分别下降23.5%和27.3%, 而F1代产卵量分别下降52.7%和61.0%; 蓖麻LC20和LC30处理不会显著影响亲代甜菜夜蛾化蛹率和羽化率, 而当归LC30显著降低了其化蛹率和羽化率; 与对照组相比, 当归LC20和LC30对F1代甜菜夜蛾化蛹率无显著影响, 但LC30显著降低了其羽化率, 蓖麻LC20和LC30显著降低了其羽化率且LC30显著降低了其化蛹率。这两种提取物的两个亚致死剂量作用后都干扰了甜菜夜蛾性比, 当归LC30处理后亲代甜菜夜蛾雌雄性比为1∶0.5, 蓖麻LC30处理后F1代甜菜夜蛾雌雄性比为1∶2.1。本文揭示了当归和蓖麻提取液亚致死剂量对甜菜夜蛾生长发育和繁殖有一定抑制作用, 可为植物提取液亚致死效应研究提供理论依据。
[Reversal of acute hypoxic pulmonary hypertension with inhalation of nitric oxide].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The effect of inhalation of nitric oxide (NO) gas on acute hypoxic pulmonary hypertension was studied. Eighteen mongrel dogs were divided into two groups: hypoxic control group (FIO2 = 11%, n = 10) and NO inhalation group (FIO2 = 11%, NO inspiratory concentration = 44 ppm, n = 8). In the control group, the increase percent of mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) was 30.6% +/- 5.5%, 47.8% +/- 11.3%, 46.0% +/- 9.3%, 37.0% +/- 6.3% respectively at 5th, 15th, 30th and 60th minute after hypoxic ventilation. In the NO inhalation group, mPAP increment was 4.6% +/- 3.7%, 0.5% +/- 6.0%, 0.7% +/- 6.8%, 7.2% +/- 6.1%, respectively (all P < 0.01, compared with the control group). Inhaled nitric oxide also reduced the pulmonary vascular resistance significantly during hypoxic ventilation, but it had no remarkable effect on the systemic arterial pressure and vascular resistance. These results indicated that inhalation of nitric oxide gas may be used to treat acute hypoxic pulmonary hypertension.
Synthesis of side‐chain liquid‐crystalline polyethers by chemical modification of polyepichlorohydrin

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Copolymers derived from polyepichlorohydrin (PECH), bearing pendant mesogenic units are obtained by chemical modification of atactic samples of PECH with sodium 4‐cyano‐4′‐biphenoxide. Rate and yield of substitution are strongly dependent on the molecular weight of the used PECH. A substantial rise (Δ T ∼ 110°C) of glass transition temperature with the percentage of incorporated cyanobiphenyl groups is observed. Copolymers with an amount of substitution higher than 60% present thermotropic liquid‐crystalline behaviour and form nematic phases. Chemical modification of PECH offers a simple method for the synthesis of new liquid‐crystalline polyethers whose transition temperatures can be adjusted by varying the amount of substitution.
Clinical Pertinence and Determinants of Potential Drug–Drug Interactions in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients: A Cross-sectional Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the major health issues effecting around 15% of world population, and its further complications has raised the need of polypharmacy for management. But this polypharmacy also upsurges the risk of potential drug-drug interactions (pDDIs) in CKD patients, which may further be responsible for increased morbidity and mortality. Objective: The main objective is therefore to evaluate the distribution, severity, causes, associated drug interactions, and clinical relevance of determination of pDDIs in CKD patients. Methods: Medical files of CKD patients examined at nephrology department, Maharishi Markandeshwar Institute of Medical Sciences and Research (MMIMSR), Mullana, between December 2022 and May 2023 were cross-sectionally assessed for this study. Medscape drug interaction checker was used to study patient profiles for pDDIs, and suggestive measures to minimize those pDDIs were studied using DDInter to ensure better clinical decision-making and patient safety. IBM SPSS (version 24) was utilized for statistical analysis. Results: The data reveal that 74.5% of the 200 medical files being evaluated had 839 pDDIs in total, out of which nearly 78.3% of patients had moderate, 15.6% had minor, and 6.07% had serious interactions. The potential adverse outcomes of pDDIs included an irregular heartbeat, hypokalemia, central nervous system (CNS) adverse effects, hypoglycemia, and a decline in therapeutic efficacy. The prevalence of pDDIs was discovered to be substantially correlated with age ≥60 years, (odds ratio [OR] = 0.65; 95% CI = 0.4-0.9; P = 0.040), length of stay ≥10 days (OR = 4.0; 95% CI = 1.29-6.1; P = 0.016), and number of prescribed drugs ≥10 (OR = 5.5; 95% CI = 2.45-10.69; P = 0.004). Conclusion: Patients with CKD have a high incidence of pDDIs (mainly mild to moderate). Older age, duration of hospital stays, and polypharmacy all raise the risk of pDDIs. Healthcare professionals (physicians and clinical pharmacist) should use drug interaction checker software programs like Medscape and DDInter to acquire knowledge about different pDDIS and their alternative measures so that the associated adverse drug reactions (ADRs) can be controlled and rational drug combination can be prescribed for management of CKD ensuring better patient care.
Valuation of a Holding Company: The Case of SK C&C IPO

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

We examine the IPO of SK C&C. Facing the recent regulation change to improve corporate governance structure, Korean conglomerates resolve the issue of cross-holdings across affiliated companies. The establishment of a holding company and the IPO of SK C&C streamline the ownership structure of SK group. Our analysis shows that the issue price of SK C&C is set at substantial discount. Given that the priority of SK group was to improve corporate governance structure, it appears that managers of SK C&C are less interested in selling their shares at the highest possible price. The IPO of SK C&C achieved the intended goal of dismantling cross-holdings and streamlining ownership structure of SK group. This drives higher market valuation for shareholders of SK C&C and affiliated companies in SK group as well.
EFFECT OF FOREARM TRAINING ON BAT AND HAND VELOCITIES, AND TIME TO CONTACT

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of forearm training on bat-end velocity (BV), center of percussion velocity (CV), hand velocity (HV), maximum hand velocity (HVmax), and time before ball contact (TC) of high school baseball players. Participants (N = 43) were randomly assigned to one of two experimental groups. Group 1 (n = 23) and Group 2 (n = 20) performed the same exercises while training 3 days/wk for 12 weeks according to a linear periodized model Group 2 also performed forearm exercises 3 days/wk for 12 weeks. Forearm strength variables were measured pre & post-training. BV, CV, HV, HVmax, and TC were recorded pre & post-training by a motion capture system which identified and digitally processed reflective markers attached to one of two test bats. Both groups substantially increased forearm strength (p <0.05). However, Group 2 had significantly greater increases (p <0.05) in 10 of 12 forearm strength measures. Both groups showed significant increases (p <0.05) in BV, CV, & HVmax (m* s-1 ± SD) after 12 weeks of training. However, there were no differences between the two groups. These data indicate that a 12 week linear periodized training program can significantly increase forearm strength, BV, CV, and HVmax among high school baseball players. However, increased forearm strength did not contribute to further increases in BV, CV, or HVmax. This does not suggest that forearm strength is not important for bat control or hand position adjustments made during the swing.
Business architecture design for project management systems in the FMCG companies

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The article considers the project management system as a tool for achieving strategic goals of network trading companies. This study is relevant, because in retail project management is widely used to solve unique and large-scale business problems, but the degree of prevalence of the project approach is still low, which affects the income of companies. In the course of the research, the classification of the activities of network trading companies, the functional-oriented organizational structure of project management of a network trading organization is presented, the model of the business architecture of project management of a network trading company is developed, and the algorithm of selection and the main functions of the software for project management are considered. As a result of the research, a standard project portfolio and a top-level model of the business architecture of a network trading company with an implemented corporate project management system were developed.
Virtual Learning Environments: Personalizing Learning or Managing Learners?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Over the past 15 years, the Technology and LearningTeam at Nottingham Trent University has conducted a range of national research projects in schools and colleges across the UK. This first decade of the new century has seen significant changes in both the capacity and functionality of the digital technologies available to managers, teachers, and learners in schools. These technological developments have the potential to support innovative ways of learning and teaching as well as of managing educational information. Where these opportunities have been taken up, new ways of processing and owning information have occurred, leading to changes in the relationships between teachers and learners. This chapter looks at the key messages from this program of research and considers how to increase the benefits accruing from technology-enhanced learning environments and also explores their limitations for learners and teachers.KeywordsDigital TechnologyTwitter UserVirtual Learn EnvironmentEducational Data MiningTechnology AffordancesThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Dry Granular Flows Impacts on Rigid Obstacles: DEM Evaluation of a Design Formula for the Impact Force

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In the design of sheltering structures or embankments for the mitigation of the risk due to rapid and long spreading landslides, a crucial role is played by the evaluation of the impact force exerted by the flowing mass on the artificial obstacle. This paper is focused on this issue and in particular on the evaluation of the maximum impact force on the basis of the results obtained by performing an extensive numerical campaign by means of a 3D discrete element code (PFC3D), in which a dry granular mass is represented as a random distribution of rigid spherical particles. The analyses regard the impact process only, while triggering and the propagation phase of the flow are not considered. For this reason, in the model the granular mass is generated just in front of the obstacle; its initial volume, velocity distribution, height, length and porosity are assigned as initial conditions. The initial conditions are varied to take into consideration a large variety of geometrical/mechanical factors, such as the initial front inclination, its height, the initial void ratio, the length of the impacting mass and the inter-particle friction angle. A design formula is also proposed on the base of the obtained results and critically compared with the literature data and previous formulations based on hydrodynamic models.
Financial Assistance, Marketing Assistance and Export Commitment to Improve Export Performance

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the contingent relationship between government marketing assistance for export and the performance of early internationalizing firms in a developing country's low-tech industry.The authors employ hierarchical multiple regression based on the data obtained from Indonesia, a developing country and a leading exporter of apparel products worldwide. The authors used a sample of 100 early internationalizing apparel firms to test the hypotheses.Research describes the relationship between export assistance (financial and marketing assistance) and performance as direct. Recently, some researchers have suggested moderators between them. The authors argue that the relationship between the two is contingent on the level of competitive advantage. The authors find that financial assistance and marketing assistance are directly related to export performance. The relationship between financial assistance and export commitment to export performance are significantly. The effect of marketing assistance is positively, but only marginally, moderated by competitive advantage.Contrary to researchers overarching focus on a direct relationship, the authors investigate the moderation on the relationship between financial assistance and marketing assistance, and early internationalizing firm's performance in a developing country's low-tech industry setting. The authors use competitive advantage as the moderator; it is one of the most important internal determinants of export performance and extremely relevant in early internationalizing firms. The differential impact of financial and marketing assistance provides additional insights.
MORAVA K-THEORY AND FILTRATIONS BY POWERS

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Abstract We prove the convergence of the Adams spectral sequence based on Morava K -theory and relate it to the filtration by powers of the maximal ideal in the Lubin–Tate ring through a Miller square. We use the filtration by powers to construct a spectral sequence relating the homology of the K -local sphere to derived functors of completion and express the latter as cohomology of the Morava stabiliser group. As an application, we compute the zeroth limit at all primes and heights.
SH131832.07FU

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.
Tummy Time and Infant Health Outcomes: A Systematic Review

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

CONTEXT: The World Health Organization recommends tummy time for infants because of the benefits of improved motor development and reduced likelihood of plagiocephaly. Because of poor uptake of these recommendations, the association of tummy time with other health outcomes requires further investigation. OBJECTIVE: To review existing evidence regarding the association of tummy time with a broad and specific range of infant health outcomes. DATA SOURCES: Electronic databases were searched between June 2018 and April 2019. STUDY SELECTION: Peer-reviewed English-language articles were included if they investigated a population of healthy infants (0 to 12 months), using an observational or experimental study design containing an objective or subjective measure of tummy time which examined the association with a health outcome (adiposity, motor development, psychosocial health, cognitive development, fitness, cardiometabolic health, or risks/harms). DATA EXTRACTION: Two reviewers independently extracted data and assessed their quality. RESULTS: Sixteen articles representing 4237 participants from 8 countries were included. Tummy time was positively associated with gross motor and total development, a reduction in the BMI-z score, prevention of brachycephaly, and the ability to move while prone, supine, crawling, and rolling. An indeterminate association was found for social and cognitive domains, plagiocephaly, walking, standing, and sitting. No association was found for fine motor development and communication. LIMITATIONS: Most studies were observational in design and lacked the robustness of a randomized controlled trial. High selection and performance bias were also present. CONCLUSIONS: These findings guide the prioritization of interventions aimed at assisting parents meet the global and national physical activity guidelines.
Kriminalisasi Terhadap Kejahatan Carding Sebagai Bentuk Cyber Crime dalam Hukum Pidana Indonesia

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Criminalization is an action that was not initially considered a criminal event, then classified as a criminal event for the community. In the era of globalization as now, there are so many cyber crimes that have arisen in Indonesia, cyber crime is an illegal act committed by criminals by utilizing technology and computer network information systems. One thing that happened in Indonesia and is relatively common in society is the crime of carding in the form of evil deeds in using internet technology as a tool in illegally opening a system on a website to obtain credit card information owned by customers. The purposes of this study are to reveal the criminalization of carding crimes in Indonesian criminal law and efforts to overcome carding crimes. This type of research uses a normative legal research type with a statutory and conceptual approach. The data collection technique was carried out using library techniques. The sources of law used are primary, secondary, and tertiary laws. After the data was collected, it was then analyzed qualitatively and presented in a descriptive form. The results of the study reveal that the crime of carding is regulated in Law number 19 of 2016 concerning Amendments to Law number 11 of 2008 concerning Information and Electronic Transactions, and is also formulated in Articles 362, 363 and 378 of the Criminal Code, namely regarding theft and fraud. As for the legal efforts that can be done to prevent carding crimes, they can use repressive and preventive measures.
A De-Embedding Method to Characterize Differential

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper analyses the noise and gain measurement of microwave differential amplifiers using two passive baluns. A model of the baluns that includes potential losses and unbalances has been considered. This analysis allows to de-embed the actual performance of the differential device from the single-ended measurements of the two-port cascaded system and the baluns. The method has been validated with measured results from a fully-differential amplifier prototype.
Pluralizing Debates on the Anthropocene Requires Engaging with the Diversity of Existing Scholarship

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

A recent article in this journal (Jackson 2021) validly emphasized that debates about the Anthropocene need to recognize a diverse range of perspectives, worldviews, and forms of knowledge. In doing so, however, the author mischaracterized scholarship on earth system governance as being antithetical to a critical and pluralistic stance on the Anthropocene. In this commentary we address key concerns about the article: selective and misleading quotations regarding the earth system governance literature’s diversity; unwarranted insinuations that juxtapose the implications of this literature with those of slavery and holocausts; and neglect of the breadth and diversity of scholarship on earth system governance. We underscore the need for scholarly debates on the Anthropocene to be informed by a balanced and rigorous assessment of existing scholarship, and for a constructive dialogue between global and locally situated ways of understanding the earth.