jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of perineural versus intravenous dexmedetomidine as a peripheral nerve block adjunct: a systematic review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background Dexmedetomidine is an effective local anesthetic adjunct for peripheral nerve blocks. The intravenous route for administering dexmedetomidine has been suggested to be equally effective to the perineural route; but comparative evidence is conflicting. Objectives This evidence-based review evaluated trials comparing the effects of intravenous to perineural dexmedetomidine on peripheral nerve block characteristics in adult surgical patients. Our primary aim was to evaluate the durations of sensory and motor blockade. Duration of analgesia, onset times of sensory and motor blockade, analgesic consumption, rest pain, and dexmedetomidine-related adverse events were evaluated as secondary outcomes. Evidence review We sought randomized trials comparing the effects of intravenous to perineural dexmedetomidine on peripheral nerve block characteristics. The Cochrane Risk of Bias tool and the Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation criteria was used to evaluate the quality of evidence for when an outcome was reported by at least three studies. Results Ten studies compared intravenous and perineural dexmedetomidine in the setting of upper extremity blocks (seven), lower extremity blocks (two), and truncal block (one). The doses of dexmedetomidine supplementing long-acting local anesthetics varied between a predetermined dose (50 μg) and a weight-based dose (0.5 μg/kg–1.0 μg/kg). Clinical diversity precluded quantitative pooling; and evidence is presented as a systematic review. Compared with the intravenous route, moderate quality evidence found that perineural dexmedetomidine prolonged the duration of sensory blockade in four of six trials and motor blockade in five of seven trials. Perineural dexmedetomidine also hastened the onset of sensory and motor blockade in three of six trials. No differences were reported for the remaining outcomes; and intravenous dexmedetomidine was not superior for any outcome in any of the trials. Conclusions Moderate quality evidence appears to suggest that intravenous dexmedetomidine is an inferior peripheral nerve block adjunct compared with perineural dexmedetomidine. Perineural dexmedetomidine is associated with longer durations and faster onset of sensory and motor blockade.
Analysis of citizen science in Brazil: A study of the projects registered in the Civis platform

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Objective. In 2022, the Civis platform of the IBICT (Brazilian Institute for Information in Science and Technology) was created. It aimed to provide infrastructure and content for understanding and dissemintating the use of Citizen Science in Brazil. It also aimed to provide the basis for developing initiatives and methodologies in this area. This study analyses the implementation of citizen science in the context of open science. The study seeks to understand how the platform promotes the participation of society in various stages of the scientific process and not only in data collection. Research/Methodology/Approach. The citizen science projects available on Civis: Citizen Science Platform will be surveyed and analyzed. The data collected in October 2022 are subdivided into five main categories: (1) area, (2) data collection, (3) social participation, (4) open data, and (5) scope. These categories are relevant to understand the current stage of citizen science projects in the Brazilian scenario, including the most essential knowledge areas, data collection procedures, levels of openness and access to scientific data, and the territorial coverage of these projects. Results/Discussion. 24 citizen science projects were registered on the Civis platform, most of which are contributive. The primary area of emphasis is Biological Sciences and they use technological infrastructure for mobile data collection. Conclusions. Civis is a multidisciplinary platform to promote citizen science in Brazil. The registration of projects is voluntary, which may explain the low adhesion to the platform, besides its recent launch. Originality/Value. Civis is an essential first-approach tool that enables the understanding of citizen science in Brazil.
Feminismo e Islam: Una perspectiva reflexiva decolonial en torno al controversial uso del velo en mujeres musulmanas

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The aim of this article is to analyze the use of the veil by Muslim women from a perspective that opens possibilities to know their reflections, feelings and experiences. These women are, as well as every social actor, reflexive evaluators of their contexts, resources and possibilities of decisions. They do not act or reflect as a homogenous totality. This paper argues that the most accurate approach in order to understand the use of the veil in all its complexity is the decolonial feminist perspective with contributions of the reflexive sociology. This approach acknowledges the importance of the context of study, the role of the researcher, and the social power that these women perform trough their reflexive ability, which materializes into action (to use the veil or not). This conclusion emerges from an analysis on reflexive social sciences and its consequences, a revision of the approaches aiming to understand the use of the Islamic veil –i.e. the culturalist, the identity-historical and different versions of feminism–, and the analysis on the western and decolonial feminist perspectives.
Drug consumption in German cities and municipalities during the COVID-19 lockdown: a wastewater analysis

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Purpose: Analysis of illicit drugs, medicines and pathogens in wastewater is a powerful tool for epidemiological studies to monitor public health trends. The aims of this study were to (i) assess spatial and temporal trends of population-normalized mass loads of illicit drugs and nicotine in raw wastewater in the time of regulations against SARS-CoV-2 infections (2020–21); (ii) find substances that are feasible markers for characterizing the occurrence of selected drugs in wastewater. Methods: Raw sewage 24-hour composite samples were collected in catchment areas of 15 wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in urban, small-town and rural areas in Germany during different lockdown phases from April 2020 to December 2021. Parent substances (amphetamine, methamphetamine, MDMA, carbamazepine, gabapentin and metoprolol) and the metabolites of cocaine (benzoylecgonine) and nicotine (cotinine) were measured. Results: The daily discharge of WWTP influents were used to calculate the daily load (mg/day) normalized by population equivalents (PE) in drained catchment areas (in mg/1,000 persons/day). An influence of the regulations to reduce SARS-CoV-2 infections such as contact bans and border closures on drug consumption has been proven in some cases and refuted in several. In addition, metoprolol and cotinine were found to be suitable as marker substances for the characterization of wastewater. A change in drug use was visible at the beginning of the Corona crisis. There after from mid-2020, no obvious effect was detected with regard to the regulations against SARS-CoV-2 infections on concentration of drugs in wastewater. Conclusions: Wastewater-based epidemiology is suitable for showing changes in drug use during the COVID-19 lockdown.
Complex iatrogenic clubfoot: is it a real entity?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In our study, we aimed to demonstrate whether a complex iatrogenic clubfoot really exists; identify the causative mechanisms; and determine the outcome if properly treated. We observed 54 clubfeet previously treated unsuccessfully by manipulation and casting elsewhere. All the feet had been classified at diagnosis as typical clubfeet. In 26 cases, the cast had slipped down, entrapping the foot in a plantar-flexed position. Nine clubfeet out of those 26 cases presented the clinical features of a complex iatrogenic deformity. These were treated with the modified Ponseti protocol and evaluated at follow-up according to the International Clubfoot Study Group Score. The length of follow-up averaged 7.2 years. Two feet showed an excellent result, five feet showed a good result, and two feet showed a fair result. The relapse rate was 55% in complex clubfeet. Relapsed clubfeet were treated by Achilles tenotomy or lengthening and anterior tibial tendon transfer. We believe that faulty manipulation and a poor casting technique may convert a typical clubfoot into a complex iatrogenic deformity. Risk factors include severe clubfoot, short and stubby foot, and unmolded casts slipping down.
Force of removal for untunnelled, tunnelled and double‐tunnelled peripheral nerve catheters

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Summary We compared the force of extraction for peripheral nerve catheters under three different situations in a porcine model using untunnelled, tunnelled and double‐tunnelled catheters. Following insertion of the catheter into the porcine model, the catheters were either left untunnelled or a single or double tunnel was created for the catheter. The force required to displace the catheter by one centimetre was then measured in each of the three groups. The mean (SD) force required for displacement of the catheter was 0.23 (0.06) N for the untunnelled catheters, 1.16 (0.51) N for the single‐tunnelled catheters, and 4.00 (1.70) N for the double‐tunnelled catheters (p < 0.0001). Tunnelling a peripheral nerve catheter leads to a significant increase in the force required for dislodgement. This is increased further by introducing a second tunnel.
An Exploratory Study of Music Industry Life Cycles: Selected Country Artists

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Many decision makers in the entertainment, and particulary the music industry feel that there is no way to predict which performers will be successful. In addition, there is often little known about properly repositioning performers after they have reached the maturity stage. Regular consumer products have been researched extensively, however, and the strategies and principles that work for a typical consumer product might be applicable for any other industry that adhered to the most basic business principles. One such principle is the product life cycle. This thesis puts industry data about album sales and airplay into charts and then compares these figures with what a typical product life cycle curve should look like. This charted data did reflect commonly held ideas about product life cycles and is significant because it shed light on career strategies for performers in a field that has had little academic research.
CSD 2221657: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

An entry from the Inorganic Crystal Structure Database, the world’s repository for inorganic crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the joint CCDC and FIZ Karlsruhe Access Structures service and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
Knowledge processes in special operations : the case of operations Jaywick and Rimau.

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

For any Special Operation mission to be successful, a great deal of intelligence must be acquired in order to find out the weakest points of the enemy and come up with a careful plan that exploits these. McRaven (1995) proposed a success framework for special operations missions to be successful, and this consists of six factors Simplicity, Security, Repetition, Surprise, Speed and Purpose. This paper taps on the above success framework in order to come up with a framework for Knowledge Processes in Special Operations. Two case studies were then compared and contrasted based on this framework. Operations Jaywick and Rimau were special operations missions conducted by the Australian Services Reconnaissance Department during World War II, with the aim of destroying enemy shipping in Japanese-held Singapore. This paper also looks as to why the former was successful, while the latter ended with all its members either killed or executed by the Japanese. It has been found that three factors mainly caused the failure of Operation Rimau - inadequate intelligence acquired during planning, inability to rehearse all key activities during training, and lack of communication between teams due to prioritisation of security. It was also found that Operation Jaywick had these symptoms, and that its success was attributed to luck and the relative unprepared-ness of the enemy.
B-cell tolerance. IV. Differential role of surface IgM and IgD in determining tolerance susceptibility of murine B cells

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

During ontogeny IgD appears later than IgM on splenocytes of neonatal mice (1) and at a time when mice develop a markedly increased immune responsiveness (2). Based on these observations, it was suggested that IgD serves as a "triggering" isotype for induction of immune responses, whereas surface IgM functions as a tolerizing receptor (3). To test this hypothesis, the susceptibility of adult splenocytes (which are predominantly μ(+)δ(+)[4-6]) and neonatal splenocytes (which bear predominantly IgM [μp(+); 1, 4-6]) to tolerance induction were compared. The results indicate that neonatal splenic B cells responsive to thymus dependent (TD) antigens are exquisitely susceptible to tolerance induction compared with those from adult mice (7-9). However, cells from both adult and neonatal mice were highly susceptible to tolerance induction when thymus independent (TI) antigen was used as immunogen (8). These results suggest that the major precursor for the TD response is a μ(+)δ(+)-cell which appears late in ontogeny and is resistant to tolerance induction and that the μp(+)-cell is the major precursor for the TI response and is highly susceptible to tolerance induction. Other differences between responders for TI and TD antigens have been described previously (10-12). To test this concept, adult splenocytes were treated with papain under conditions in which IgD, but not five other surface molecules, was removed (13). Such treated splenocytes were shown to be markedly susceptible to tolerance induction, resembling TD responders from neonatal animals. This experiment was interpreted as indicating that IgD confers resistance to tolerance induction on μ(+)δ(+)-cells. To prove this interpretation, it is necessary to show that specific removal of IgD with anti-δ also results in increased susceptibility to tolerance induction and that treatment with anti-μ does not have a similar effect. In the present studies, we have removed surface IgM or IgD by antibody-induced capping and assessed the tolerance susceptibility of the treated cells. Our results demonstrate that removal of IgD, but no IgM, from TD responders increases their susceptibility to tolerance induction.
Notes on Australian Coleoptera, with descriptions of new species. Part XI

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

From S. Australia I have three examples, all taken near Port Lincoln.In these the anterior elytral spot is prolonged forward still more widely and conspicuously than in the Victorian form, one of them even having nearly the whole basal margin filled by it.These S. Australian specimens, moreover, have the front margin of the prothorax more or less distinctly straighter than in the Tasmanian and Victorian forms, in consequence of which the front angles of the prothorax are more defined, being obtuse but not altogether rounded oif.This form might perhaps
Broadband reflectometry for the density profile and fluctuation measurements in the JT-60 tokamak (abstract)

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A broadband reflectometric system in O-mode operation has been developed for the density profile determination, MHD and turbulent fluctuation measurement, and evaluation of the particle diffusion coefficient in the JT-60 tokamak. For the profile determination, full Ka-Q band frequencies of BWOs have been swept in 750 μs, in order to minimize the effect of Doppler shift due to the fluctuation of reflection layers. The heterodyne fixed-frequency reflectometer has unveiled its effectiveness to probe MHD activities, diagnosing the m=1 tearing mode oscillations. It has also enabled the observation of the dramatic suppression of edge plasma density fluctuations at the L to H-mode transition in the LHCD limiter plasma. Furthermore, the propagation delay of density pulses has been observed by different fixed-frequency channels during a series of sawteeth, from which the particle diffusion coefficient was evaluated, with a newly proposed method applicable to fully diffusive plasmas.
Travelling Home

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Touristic travel is about ‘going away’ and ‘coming home.’ In what follows I offer some reflection on how a group of middle and uppermiddle class Canadian tourists imagined ‘home’ in the context of their frequent travels ‘away’ – a group I have labelled ‘travel enthusiasts.’ I position these imaginings in relation to others who travel around the globe, those I am calling ‘transnationals’ – the migrants, the refugees, the exiles and the immigrants of the postmodern world.
New UWB free-space method for the classification and characterization of dielectric objects

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents a new approach for the accurate free-space characterization of irregularly shaped and arbitrarily oriented dielectric objects. The objects under test are illuminated by UWB-pulses and the scattered pulses are collected by an array of receiving antennas. The scattered pulses contain information about the geometrical properties as well as the dielectric properties; a multivariate calibration method is supposed to be able to separate these properties. A classification algorithm is applied prior to the multivariate calibration. It provides a classification into two classes, low or high permittivity. The statistical calibration method is then applied separately in each class. This leads to a significant improvement of the accuracy of the determination of the dielectric properties compared to processing without classification.
Digital inhertiance

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Nowadays, the life of an individual can hardly be imagined without using the attainment of the IT system. Its vertiginous development and people's familiarity with it has led to the fact that personal data are becoming an important, if not the most important, resource today. So much so, that they are also called "the oil of new era". This is coming from the fact that companies now charge users for their mostly free services by asking them for more and more different data in return. Contrary to that, most of the users do not think about what will happen to their personal data after their death or are not aware of all the ways they can dispose of their digital assets mortis causa. The authors consider the question of heritability of digital goods, and especially the possibility of disposing of them in the event of the death of the testator. Analyzing the current domestic regulations, as well as the direction of development of digital inheritance in other European countries, at the same time the authors are trying to find an answer to the question how to understood the term of digital inheritance within the framework of our country
Determination of the Contents of Phillyrin in Shuanghuanglian Preparations by HPLC

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

OBJECTIVE: To establish the item of phillyrin content determination in the quality standard of shuanghuanglian preparations. METHODS:The contents of phillyrin were determined by HPLC with ODS column and acetonitrile- water(25 : 75) as mobile phase.Detecting wavelength was 277nm. RESULTS: The calibration curve was linear in this experiment. The average recovery was 99. 1% with RSD of 0. 82% .CONCLUSION: This method is good in precision and satisfactory in isolation and repeatability and the result is accurate. It may be adopted in quality control of shuanghuanglian preparations.
Bridging the Science Gap in Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) Policies

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Used for food, furniture, housing, and as cash crop, NTFPs include rattan, bamboo, resins, forest food plants, and medicinal and cosmetic products that are derived from forests and related ecosystems. Previously referred to as “minor forest products”, NTFPs received little attention from government and big business because timber harvesting and utilization, as the long-established income-generating enterprise from forests, offered far better financial returns. Rules and regulations on NTFPs were subsumed in generalized policies meant for timber, which in most cases were not adequate because of the different nature, growth requirements, and harvesting and utilization tools for NTFPs.
Studies on Reproduction Ecology of Scirpus Mariqueter Population

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Tnis study was carried out at a seabeach salt marsh in Donghai Farm, Nanhui county, Shanghai. The reproduction ecology of Acirpus mariqueter populations was described, which included population vegetative reproduction (clonal growth) and spatial organization of clones, population sexual reproduction, seed weight and production, plant dry matter allocation during the growing season as well as their interrelationship with the environment. The studies on the relationship between the reproduction and each life cycle stage as well as their relationship with the habitats would be useful to understand and clarify the population dynamics.
Reaction of aldehydes with N-hydroxybenzenesulfonamide. Acetal formation catalyzed by nucleophiles

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReaction of aldehydes with N-hydroxybenzenesulfonamide. Acetal formation catalyzed by nucleophilesAlfred Hassner, E. Wiederkehr, and A. J. KascheresCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1970, 35, 6, 1962–1964Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00831a052https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00831a052research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views895Altmetric-Citations35LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Finite simple groups with two maximal subgroups of coprime orders

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In 1962, V.A. Belonogov proved that if a finite group $G$ contains two maximal subgroups of coprime orders, then either $G$ is one of known solvable groups or $G$ is simple. In this short note based on results by M. Liebeck and J. Saxl on odd order maximal subgroups in finite simple groups we determine possibilities for triples $(G,H,M)$, where $G$ is a finite nonabelian simple group, $H$ and $M$ are maximal subgroups of $G$ with $(|H|,|M|)=1$.