jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Early Signs Of Extra Cellular Matrix Remodeling After Immobilization In Old And Young Human Individuals

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Skeletal musle disuse has been shown to induce muscle atrophy rapidly in both young and old human individuals (1) as well as extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling in young individuals (2). However, little is known about the effect of immobilization on ECM remodeling in older individuals. PURPOSE: To study the effect of aging on transcriptional regulatory signaling pathways involved in ECM remodeling with short-term immobilization. METHODS: Myofiber atrophy was induced by application of a knee-brace for a total period of 4 days in young (Y∼20 yrs, n=11) and aged (O∼70 yrs, n=11) individuals. Muscle biopsies of the vastus lateralis (VL) muscle were collected 1 week prior to immobilization and after 24h, 48h and 96h of immobilization. Expression levels of Col1A1, Col3A1, MMP2 and MMP9 mRNAs were determined using real-time RT-PCR and normalized to the Ribosomal Protein Large P0 (RPLP0) mRNA. RESULTS: In both age groups an increase in expression levels of Col1A1, Col3A1, MMP2 and MMP9 mRNA was observed after 24h. In contrast, expression levels of Col1A1 and Col3A1 mRNA were up regulated at 48h and 96h primarily in old individuals and an overall effect of age was observed. The expression level of MMP2 mRNA was not changed from pre at 48h and 96h. The expression level of MMP9 mRNA was up regulated in both age groups at all three time points. CONCLUSIONS: The present data demonstrates early (post 24h) signs of ECM remodeling in both young and old individuals. Moreover, the results point toward an age specific regulation of ECM in response to muscle disuse, with an up regulation of collagen I and III in old only after 48h and 96h of immobilisation. REFERENCES 1) Suetta C et al. Aging affects the transcriptional regulation of human skeletal muscle disuse atrophy. PLoS One. 2012;7(12) 2) Reich KA et al. Forty-eight hours of unloading and 24 h of reloading lead to changes in global gene expression patterns related to ubiquination and oxidative stress in humans. J Appl Physiol 109: 1404-1415, 2010.
Cheyletus trouessarti Oudemans 1903

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Cheyletus trouessarti Oudemans, 1903 World Distribution – Cosmopolitan: England (Griffiths 1960); Peru (Caceres and Fain 1977); Taiwan (Tseng 1979); Malaysia (Fain et al. 1980); China (Lung-Shut 1984); Greece (Eliopoulos and Papadoulis 2001); Czech Republic (Stejskal et al. 2003). Distribution in Iran – Fars (Sepasgozarian 1978; Ostovan 1993; Modaress Awal 1994; Fathipour et al. 1999). Material examined – Isfahan province (Golpaygan), 2005–2006 (1 ♀ in Flour-mill: grain). Guilan province (Rasht), 2006–2007 (2 ♀ in rice mill: barn and rice). Golestan province (Gorgan, Minodasht and Gonbad-e Kavus), 2006–2007 (35 ♀ and 2 ♂ in flour-mill, rice mill, barn and animal food factories: grain, paddy, barley and maize). Mazandaran province (Sari and Chalus), 2006–2007 (7 ♀ and 2 ♂ in flour-mill and rice-mill: dust, rice, bran, brass scarp and paddy). West Azarbijan province (Urmia and Miandoab), 2005–2006 (10 ♀ and 2 ♂ in Mill and flour-mill), grain, dust and chaff.
Hot Topics on Nutrition in IBD

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) affect primarily the bowel, but they are multisystemic diseases with a wide range of extraintestinal manifestations and complications. Nutritional imbalance occurs frequently in patients with IBD. The spectrum of malnutrition goes from undernutrition (low protein-caloric intake, disease-related malnutrition, micronutrient deficiencies) to overnutrition and obesity. The nutritional status of patients with IBD is increasingly recognized as a key aspect of the treatment and must be addressed in all patients. The screening and correction of the deficiencies should be individualized. Except for enteral nutrition in pediatric Crohn’s disease, no clinical evidence supports specific diets. Nevertheless, the role of personalized nutritional interventions as an adjunct therapy is well established. Compelling new data points to a key role of diet in gut inflammation directly or through modulation of intestinal microbiota. It will be of utmost importance to have well-designed longitudinal studies on dietary interventions alone or combined with current therapies. This review summarizes topics such as the spectrum of malnutrition, the evidence behind the concept of diet as an IBD cause, and the role of diet in IBD therapy.
Reduction of torque ripple in DTC for induction motor using input-output feedback linearization

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Direct torque control (DTC) is known to produce fast responses and robust control in AC adjustable-speed drives. However, in the steady-state operation, notable torque, flux, and current pulsations occur. In this paper, nonlinear DTC of induction motor drives is presented based on a space vector pulse-width modulation scheme combined with the input-output feedback linearization technique. The variation of stator and rotor resistance due to changes in temperature or frequency deteriorates the performance of the DTC controller by introducing errors in the estimated flux linkage and the electromagnetic torque. This approach will not be suitable for high power drives such as those used in tractions, as they require good torque control performance at a considerably lower frequency. Finally, extensive simulation results are presented to validate the proposed technique. The system is tested at different speeds and a very satisfactory performance is achieved.
Visualizing Large Time-series Data on Very Small Screens

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we present a space-efficient visualization and an interaction technique for exploring time-series data on very small screens. The visualization is based on a simultaneous display of contextual visualization in the display border and focused interfaces in the center region of displays. The interaction technique utilizes fisheye distortion to facilitate data selection and navigation interactions in the contextual visualization. The proposed techniques could benefit a wide range of analysis applications on wearable devices. Two applications are highlighted to demonstrate the usefulness of the techniques.
Inhibition of Leukocyte Trafficking in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, collectively known as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), are chronic inflammatory disorders of the gastrointestinal system that affect more than 1 million persons in the United States and several million worldwide. The precise cause of these diseases remains unknown, but major advances in our understanding of the mechanisms of chronic intestinal inflammation have produced an explosion of new biologic therapies available to treat IBD. This new class of drugs targets specific pathogenic mechanisms of disease, primarily in the form of monoclonal blocking antibodies, and has revolutionized how gastroenterologists treat IBD, significantly improving patients' quality of life . . .
TWO-DIMENSIONAL COMPUTATIONAL AEROACOUSTICS SIMULATION OF SOUND GENERATED BY FLOW AROUND A CIRCULAR CYLINDER

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Researches in the area of aeroacoustics have been conducted by two methods. In the first method theoretical formula or experimentation are utilized, and in the second method flow field analysis and acoustic analogy are utilized. In contrast to the first method, the second method does not need new experiments for every individual change of flow configurations and conditions, and it can predict their effects by the flow field analysis, which makes the second method preferred than the first one. In this paper numerical analysis to predict noise generated by a turbulent flow about a two dimensional circular cylinder by use of CAA (Computational Aeroacoustics) method is conducted and the results are compared to the available experimental data.
Nutrition Delivery in Critically Ill Patients

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract This chapter discusses the importance of medical nutrition therapy in critically ill patients in the ICU. The goals of nutrition in the ICU include preserving lean body mass, maintaining immune function, and avoiding metabolic complications. The chapter also covers topics such as nutrition assessment, assessment of energy expenditure, starting enteral nutrition, dosing and monitoring of tolerance and adequacy of EN, selection of appropriate EN, indications of parenteral nutrition, diet formulation in special medical conditions, impact of nutrition on fluid therapy and accumulation, and introduction of nutrition stewardship. The take-home messages emphasize the importance of early enteral nutrition, tailoring feeding to the patient’s requirements and tolerance, and avoiding calorie deficits. The chapter concludes by encouraging the implementation of nutrition stewardship to optimize patient outcomes, taking into account the 4 D’s of nutrition therapy: drug, dose, duration, and de-escalation.
Soil Carbon Sequestration and Rhizospheric Microbial Population in Apricot Orchards Following Plastic Film Mulching Under Cold Arid Region

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The study of agricultural management practices on rhizospheric microbial population and phytomass carbon sequestration in apricot orchard in cold arid region is conducted. Plastic mulching conserved the soil moisture and stabilized rhizospheric temperature of apricot which enhanced the microbial activity in the rhizosphere and plant growth of apricot. Significantly higher soil moisture conservation (19.75) per cent in July, maximum microbial population of fungi (15.36 cfu/gx10 4 cfu/g soil) and bacteria (11.45 cfu/gx10 6 cfu/g soil) in month of September and enhances in plant growth (17.73) per cent at end of season recorded in red plastic mulch with mulch size 1.5 m x1.5 m. Active plant growth phase of apricot plant also influence the microbial activity. All the plastic mulch found better in producing phytomass than control. Increased plastic mulch increases microbial growth, plant biomass and carbon sequestration in cold arid region.
216-71: Reduction of recurrence of atrial fibrillation after electrical cardioversion by Dabigatran-etexilate

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Electrical cardioversion (ECV) is a fast and secure method to establish sinus rhythm immediately in patients with symptomatic atrial fibrillation (AF). Unfortunately recurrence rate of AF after ECV is still high. Different agents such as antiarrhythmic or antiinflammatory drugs can improve the long term rhythm outcome. The direct thrombin inhibitor, dabigatran-etexilate, has a pleiotropic mechanism of action, with potential antioxidative, antiinflammatory and antifibroblastic growth effect. Its influence on recurrence after ECV has not yet been studied. Methods: We performed an analysis of 142 patients (98 men, mean age 65 ± 10 years, 57% on antiarrhythmic therapy, 49% persistent AF) who underwent ECV and were anticoagulated with either dabigatran-etexilate (n = 78) or phenprocoumon (n = 64). Results: During the mean follow up of 19 ± 8 months an AF recurrence was observed in 65 patients (45.8%). Baseline characteristics of both patient groups were similar despite the fact, diabetes mellitus (28.5% vs. 7.8%, p = 0.003) was more frequent in the dabigatran group (Table 1). Although persistent AF was more frequent in patients with dabigatran (73% vs. 20%, p < 0.001) the mean AF free survival was significantly longer in this group (17 ± 1 months vs. 10 ± 2 months, p < 0.001) (Figure 1).In the multivariate analysis including all baseline characteristics the use of dabigatran was associated with improved rhythm outcome (HR 0.30, CI 95% 0.18-0.51, p < 0.001). Conclusion: The results suggest a positive effect of dabigatran on preventing recurrence of AF after successful ECV. This effect may derive from its pleiotropic mechanism of action. Further clarification of potential mechanisms and evaluation in larger multicenter trials is needed.
Incipience of intercultural competence as independent scientific direction

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Статтю присвячено одній з актуальних проблем сучасних наукових досліджень – міжкультурній компетентності, зокрема, проблемі її становлення як самостійного наукового напряму. Здійснено теоретичний аналіз наукових праць із досліджуваної теми та міжнародних документів. Авторка статті дійшла висновку, що зародження міжкультур- ної компетентності розпочалося після Другої світової війни. Доведено, що причиною появи нового напряму стала потреба, яка виникла у спілкуванні з представниками різних країн та народів, що не могла бути задоволена тогочас- ними комунікативними інструментами. Зауважимо, що знання іноземної мови не було достатнім засобом комунікації з представниками інших культур. Авторка статті вивчила та проаналізувала розвиток наукових уявлень про міжкультурну компетентність у Спо- лучених Штатах Америки, в Європі та Україні у хронологічній послідовності. Досліджено, що термін “міжкультурна компетентність” з’явився в процесі вивчення міжкультурної комунікації та виведення її в окрему галузь. Аналіз наукових праць з теми дав глибше розуміння того факту, що зародження науко- вого напряму стало наслідком практичної необхідності американських дипломатів забезпечувати успішну взаємодію з населенням країн перебування з урахуванням їхніх культурних особливостей. Узагальнивши інформаційний масив наукової літератури, авторка зазначає, що дослідженням проблематики куль- турного розмаїття в Європі вже понад 50 років. Вивчено та проаналізовано низку міжнародних документів, прийня- тих Радою Європи, які покликані регулювати питання міжкультурного діалогу як між країнами-членами Ради та їх громадянами, так і в межах самих країн. Авторка статті звертає увагу на те, що у вітчизняній науці міжкультурна компетентність почала широко вивча- тися лише на початку XXI ст. Також зауважено на важливості таких досліджень для формування інтеркультурної компетентності фахівців різних галузей, враховуючи сучасні глобалізаційні й інтеграційні процеси, поглиблення мігра- ційних процесів в Україні та світі.
Growth and Plumage Development of Nestling Long-Eared Owls

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Abstract We report the growth rates and plumage development of Long-eared Owls (Asio otus) in two developmental stages from hatching to fledging, the nestling period (1–22 days) and prefledging period (23–37 days). We used the logistic growth equation to model nestling mass gain. Mass gain was most rapid during the nestling period. Average mass gain per day was highest between seven and 13 days of age. At 16 days of age nestlings displayed defined facial disks and complete second down. Nestlings left the nest at 22 days of age. Mass gain slowed considerably after nest departure and continued to slow up to fledging. Appearance of defensive and concealment behaviors occurred nearly simultaneously with departure from the nest. To our knowledge this is the first detailed report of nestling growth rates and plumage development for Long-eared Owls in North America.
A randomized controlled trial evaluating resection of the primary breast tumor in women presenting with de novo stage IV breast cancer: Turkish Study (Protocol MF07-01).

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

1005 Background: The MF07-01 trial is a multicenter phase III randomized trial of treatment naive stage IV BC patients comparing loco-regional surgery (LRS) followed by appropriate systemic therapy (ST) vs ST alone. Aims: To compare 3-year survival and loco-regional progression (LRP). Methods: At initial diagnosis patients were randomized 1:1 to LRS group or ST group. After consideration of retrospective studies, we hypothesized at 36 months a survival difference between the two groups to be 18%. Assuming a 10% drop out rate and with a one sided log-rank test with a 95% CI and a 90% power 271 patients needed to be randomized. Results: 274 patients were accrued; 138 in the LRS group and 136 in the ST group. The groups were comparable regarding age, BMI, HER2 neu, tumor type and size, histologic grade, and bone and visceral metastasis (all p > 0.05). There were 76 (55%) deaths in the LRS group and 101 (74%) in the ST group during the median 40 (20-51) months follow-up. At 36 months the survival rate was similar the LRS group and the ST group (60% and 51%, respectively; p = 0.5). Overall survival (OS) was 34% higher in the LRS group compared to the ST group (HR: 0.66, 95%CI 0.49-0.88: p = 0.005). In unplanned subgroup analyses, OS was statistically higher in LRS group than ST group; ER/PR (+) (HR: 0.64, 0.46-0.91, p = 0.01), HER2 neu (-) (HR: 0.64, 95%CI 0.45-0.91; p = 0.01), patients < 55 years (HR: 95%CI 0.57, 0.38-0.86; p = 0.006), and solitary bone only metastasis (HR: 0.47, 95%CI 0.23-0.98; p = 0.04). The median survival was 14 months higher in the LRS group comparing with the ST group in bone only metastasis (56 vs 42 months, respectively; HR 0.67, 95%CI 0.43-1.07; p = 0.09). LRP was 1% (n = 2) in the LRS group and it was 11% (n = 15) in the ST group (p = 0.001). Conclusion: In this trial we did not observe improvement in 36 month survival with surgery. However, longer follow up revealed statistically significant improvement in median survival with surgery (46 vs.37 months) at median 40 months follow up. Additionally, patients with a more indolent form of metastatic BC such as ER (+), HER2 neu (-), solitary bone metastasis, and patients < 55 years old have a significant survival benefit with initial surgery. Clinical trial information: NCT00557986.
Corrigendum: Highly Stable Dispersion of Carbon Nanotubes in Deep Eutectic Solvent for the Preparation of CNT‐Embedded Carbon Xerogels for Supercapacitors

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The authors have identified some minor errors in their manuscript. The address for affiliation [a], Acknowledgements, as well as Figures 2 and 1 should appear as below. The authors confirm that these changes do not affect the results or conclusions and they apologize for the errors and for any inconvenience caused. SEM images of a, b) RFC, c, d) W-CNT@RFC and e, f) D-CNT@RFC. a) CV curves at 5 mVs-1. b) Nyquist plots of RFC, D-CNT@RFC and W-CNT@RFC. c) Specific capacitances as a function of current density. L. Chen, J. Deng, Y. Song, S. Hong, Prof. H. Lian College of Materials Science and Engineering Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing, 210037, China E-mail: lianhailan@njfu.edu.cn This research was supported by A Project Funded by the National First-Class Disciplines (PNFD), Doctorate Fellowship Foundation of Nanjing Forestry University, and sponsored by grants from Natural Science Foundation of China (31370567).
ESR-DMNet: Enhanced Super-Resolution-Based Dual-Path Metric Change Detection Network for Remote Sensing Images With Different Resolutions

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Remote sensing change detection has always been one of the research hot issues in remote sensing. Current research focuses on studying deep learning change detection methods for remote sensing images with the same resolution. With the prevalence of multi-resolution remote sensing images, how to effectively utilize remote sensing images with different resolutions for change detection is a key issue. To solve this problem, this paper proposes an enhanced super-resolution-based dual-path metric change detection network (ESR-DMNet) to realize high-accuracy and high-efficiency end-to-end change detection of remote sensing images with different resolutions. ESR-DMNet provides a new enhanced super-resolution module for the change detection of remote sensing images with different resolutions, which can perceptively reconstruct low-resolution images into more realistic high-resolution images. ESR-DMNet proposes an effective and efficient dual-path metric change detection network, which processes shallow spatial details information and deep semantic information separately to achieve high-accuracy and high-efficiency change detection. Compared with nine state-of-the-art methods, our method shows good performance at three resolutions on three datasets, SYSU, CDD and CLCD, confirming its potential for change detection tasks in remote sensing images with different resolutions.
Abnormal developmental patterns of suck and swallow rhythms during feeding in preterm infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) often have difficulty achieving coordinated suckle feeding. To analyze rhythmic differences during feeding in infants with BPD we performed weekly studies of 14 infants with BPD (eight male, six female; postmenstrual age [PMA] 32.1 to 39.7 weeks); and a PMA‐matched control group without BPD ( n =20), from initiation of bottle feeding until discharge, with simultaneous digital recordings of pharyngeal and nipple (teat) pressure. Unlike the control group, there was no significant correlation between PMA and stability of suckle rhythm, aggregation of suckles or swallows into runs, or length of suckle runs. Comparing those infants >35 weeks' PMA, the group with BPD had significantly decreased stability of suckle rhythm (increased coefficient of variation of suckle‐suckle intervals: 0.34, SE 0.02 vs 0.254, SE 0.014; p =0.003), decreased aggregation into suckle runs (71.1, SE 3.4% vs 85.4, SE 2%; p =0.001), and decreased length of suckle runs (7.2, SE 0.9 vs 13.1, SE 1.9 suckles/run; p =0.003). Percentage of swallows in runs was also decreased in the cohort with BPD (58, SE 3.8% vs 77.2, SE 3.5%; p <0.001), as was length of swallow run (5.3, SE 0.5 vs 10.7, SE 1.1; p <0.001). Thus, in infants with BPD, anticipated maturational patterns of suckle and swallow rhythms did not occur. Delay in attainment of stable suckle and swallow rhythms in preterm infants, especially after 35 weeks' PMA, may predict subsequent feeding and neurological problems.
Permanent Magnets Design and Magnetic Field Analysis of a Novel Permanent Magnet Linear Motor

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In order to improve the output force characteristics of permanent magnet linear motor (PMLM), studied from permanent magnets (PMs) structure that is the key component of PMLM, different magnetization methods of single PM and different array structures of multiple PMs are compared, and a novel PMLM magnetized alone the external field force lines using 8 pieces tegular Halbach magnet array with air gaps is proposed as well. The analysis on magnetic field of PMLM shows that the force between the coil and the single PM increases by more than 40%, and the average magnetic induction in coil centre generated by the 8 pieces Halbach magnet array arrives at the maximum value, 10% higher than that of 1 piece structure.
A Specific Oligodeoxynucleotide Promotes the Differentiation of Osteoblasts via ERK and p38 MAPK Pathways

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

A specific oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN), ODN MT01, was found to have positive effects on the proliferation and activation of the osteoblast-like cell line MG 63. In this study, the detailed signaling pathways in which ODN MT01 promoted the differentiation of osteoblasts were systematically examined. ODN MT01 enhanced the expression of osteogenic marker genes, such as osteocalcin and type I collagen. Furthermore, ODN MT01 activated Runx2 phosphorylation via ERK1/2 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and p38 MAPK. Consistently, ODN MT01 induced up-regulation of osteocalcin, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and type I collagen, which was inhibited by pre-treatment with the ERK1/2 inhibitor U0126 and the p38 inhibitor SB203580. These results suggest that the ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK pathways, as well as Runx2 activation, are involved in ODN MT01-induced up-regulation of osteocalcin, type I collagen and the activity of ALP in MG 63 cells.