jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Tools for Multi-Objective and Multi-Disciplinary Optimization in Naval Ship Design

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This thesis focuses on practical and quantitative methods for measuring effectiveness in naval ship design. An Overall Measure of Effectiveness (OMOE) model or function is an essential prerequisite for optimization and design trade-off. This effectiveness can be limited to individual ship missions or extend to missions within a task group or larger context. A method is presented that uses the Analytic Hierarchy Process combined with Multi-Attribute Value Theory to build an Overall Measure of Effectiveness and Overall Measure of Risk function to properly rank and approximately measure the relative mission effectiveness and risk of design alternatives, using trained expert opinion to replace complex analysis tools. A validation of this method is achieved through experimentation comparing ships ranked by the method with direct ranking of the ships through war gaming scenarios.\n\nThe second part of this thesis presents a mathematical ship synthesis model to be used in early concept development stages of the ship design process. Tools to simplify and introduce greater accuracy are described and developed. Response Surface Models and Design of Experiments simplify and speed up the process. Finite element codes such as MAESTRO improve the accuracy of the ship synthesis models which in turn lower costs later in the design process. A case study of an Advanced Logistics Delivery Ship (ALDV) is performed to asses the use of RSM and DOE methods to minimize computation time when using high-fidelity codes early in the naval ship design process.
Structure‐H gas hydrates in petroleum reservoir fluids

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract An integrated experimental/modelling investigation was conducted on the potential of newly discovered strueture‐H (sH) hydrates formation in petroleum reservoir fluids. A thermodynamic model was validated against a series of experimental data on a natural gas with various quantities of methylcyclohexane (MCH). Three mixtures were tested where structure‐II (sII), sII/sH and sH were the stable structures. The validated thermodynamic model was employed to predict the stable hydrate structure for a large number of real reservoir fluids, (i.e., black oils, volatile oils and gas condensates). The results showed that sII is the stable hydrate structure for all systems investigated in this work. However, sH might co‐exist with sII in some reservoir fluids where transportation of hydrates as slurry is being considered.
Can a CNN recognize Catalan diet?

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Nowadays, we can find several diseases related to the unhealthy diet habits\nof the population, such as diabetes, obesity, anemia, bulimia and anorexia. In\nmany cases, these diseases are related to the food consumption of people.\nMediterranean diet is scientifically known as a healthy diet that helps to\nprevent many metabolic diseases. In particular, our work focuses on the\nrecognition of Mediterranean food and dishes. The development of this\nmethodology would allow to analise the daily habits of users with wearable\ncameras, within the topic of lifelogging. By using automatic mechanisms we\ncould build an objective tool for the analysis of the patient's behaviour,\nallowing specialists to discover unhealthy food patterns and understand the\nuser's lifestyle.\n With the aim to automatically recognize a complete diet, we introduce a\nchallenging multi-labeled dataset related to Mediterranean diet called FoodCAT.\nThe first type of label provided consists of 115 food classes with an average\nof 400 images per dish, and the second one consists of 12 food categories with\nan average of 3800 pictures per class. This dataset will serve as a basis for\nthe development of automatic diet recognition. In this context, deep learning\nand more specifically, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), currently are\nstate-of-the-art methods for automatic food recognition. In our work, we\ncompare several architectures for image classification, with the purpose of\ndiet recognition. Applying the best model for recognising food categories, we\nachieve a top-1 accuracy of 72.29\\%, and top-5 of 97.07\\%. In a complete diet\nrecognition of dishes from Mediterranean diet, enlarged with the Food-101\ndataset for international dishes recognition, we achieve a top-1 accuracy of\n68.07\\%, and top-5 of 89.53\\%, for a total of 115+101 food classes.\n
The iron‐chelating agent picolinic acid enhances transferrin receptors expression in human erythroleukaemic cell lines

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

S ummary Picolinic acid, a metal chelating molecule, was administered to human erythroleukaemic cell lines (K 562 and HEL) that were grown in serum‐containing media. Picolinic acid inhibited both iron uptake and cell growth. Furthermore, picolinic acid was shown to markedly decrease the level of ferritin in the cells. In spite of the inhibition of cell growth, picolinic acid induced a marked increase in the transferrin‐binding capacity of the cells. This phenomenon was due to a two‐fivefold enhancement of the rate of transferrin receptor biosynthesis. Other iron‐chelating compounds, capable of reducing the level of intracellular iron, also elicited a marked enhancement of the transferrin‐binding capacity of the cells. However, the addition of iron, as ferric ammonium citrate, in the culture medium elicited a marked increase in the level of ferritin and a strong decrease in the transferrin‐binding capacity of the cells. On the basis of these data we propose that a feed‐back mechanism is involved in the regulation of transferrin receptors: when the cells accumulate iron they decrease the number of transferrin receptors in order to prevent further accumulation of iron; when no or low iron is available to the cells, the number of transferrin receptors markedly increases as a compensatory mechanism.
[Laryngeal cancer and angiogenesis].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Angiogenesis is required for the growth of solid tumors which, in avascular condition, are limited to 2-3 mm3 volume. The switch to the angiogenic phenotype allows new vessels to converge upon the tumor, growth to proceed at an exponential rate and metastasis diffusion. The evaluation of tumoral angiogenesis has been proposed to be an independent prognostic marker of behaviour of some solid tumors: it has been demonstrated that, in some types of carcinoma (breast, prostate, lung, etc...), an intense vascular proliferation correlates with the aggressiveness of the disease. However in malignant melanomas and colorectal carcinomas, there are conflicting results on the correlation between angiogenesis and the progression of the cancer. There are also conflicting data on the role of microvessels count (MC) in the management of head and neck cancer. Despite a large number of studies, at the present, there are not biological or molecular markers available to predict consistently the outcome of the patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). In fact the prognosis of this tumor has been mainly based, up to now, on a number of clinico-pathological parameters, especially localization, tumor extent and nodal involvement. The aim of this study has been to compare MC inside LSCC with disease free survival, grading, pT, pN and pathological stage. We investigated the relevance of the number of microvessels in the peritumoral stroma of 68 LSCC (only Caucasian males, age 35-70 years), classified according to UICC/1987 randomly selected (33 classified in clinical stage I e II and 35 in clinical stage III-IV). All patients have been surgically treated and pN + cases have been also submitted to radiotherapy. The follow-up was 60-84 months. The vascular density was assessed according to Horak et Al. with an immunohistochemical method using JC70 monoclonal antibody (CD31; Dako, Astrup, Denmark). Univariate analysis showed that MC, pT, pN, Pathological Stage and grading were correlated with the disease-free survival. A MC < 120/mm2 was predictive for a high survival index; in contrast a MC > 150 mm2 were associated with relapse. Furthermore, multivariate analysis demonstrated that MC was the only independent predictor for the disease free survival. Our findings demonstrate that in LSCC, MC is the first measurable biological parameter which is significant for evaluating the disease free-survival. Therefore, MC in LSCC is crucial in the prognosis and in the choice of a more aggressive management of the disease, including the possible treatment with antiangiogenic compound.
Seasonal incidence of the pod borers, Etiella zinckenella (treitschke) and Helicoverpa armigera (hubner) on vegetable pea in meerut

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A field experiment was conducted to study the seasonal incidence of E. zinckenella and H. armigera on vegetable pea during rabi 2008-09 and 2009-10. Peak incidence of E. zinckenella as well as H. armigera larvae was recorded during February first week during both the years. During study period E. zinckenella ranged from 0.00 to 18.67 whereas, H. armigera ranged from 0.00 to 17.67 larvae per ten plants. Maximum temperature (r=-0.543 & -0,568) for E. zinckenella and r= -0.497 & -0.522 for H. armigera showed the negative significant correlation with incidence of larvae during 2008-09 and 2009-10, respectively. Rainfall (r=0.374 & 0.388) showed the positive non-significant correlation with incidence of larvae E. zinckenella during 2008-09 and 2009-10 and also found positively correlated with the incidence of larvae of H. armigera with r=0.382 and 0.396 during 2008-09 and 2009-10, respectively. Whereas, maximum relative humidity indicated positive significant relation with incidence of E. zinckenella larvae (r=0.012) during 2008-09 and was negatively correlated with incidence of same pest during 2009-10 with r= -0.672. Relation between field incidence of E. zinckenella larvae was found to be positively correlated during 2008-09 and negatively correlated during 2009-10 with minimum humidity. However, relation between incidence of larvae of H. armigera with minimum relative humidity (r = 0.183 & -0.388) was positive during 2008-09 and negative during 2009-10.
Genetics Research in Ichthyosis Syndrome

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Ichthyosis syndrome is a series of genodermatoses clinically manifested by ichthyosiform lesions. Most of them are caused by gene mutations. Recently, a number of researches have been performed about these diseases and have made many progresses. The researches mainly focus on the genetics and pathogenesis of these diseases. For example, they have explored the mutation sites in KID, CHILD syndrome and NLS, etc, and it is implicated that most of those syndromes are due to single gene mutation.
Weak localization in p-type heterostructures in the presence of parallel magnetic field

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Theory of weak localization is developed for two-dimensional holes in the presence of in-plane magnetic field. The Zeeman splitting even in the hole momentum results in the spin-dependent phase changing the quantum interference. The negative correction to the conductivity is shown to decrease by a factor of two by the in-plane magnetic field. The positive magnetoconductivity in a classically weak perpendicular field caused by the weak localization is calculated for both quadratic and quartic in momentum Zeeman hole splittings. Calculations show that the conductivity corrections are very close to each other in these two cases of low and high hole density.
A Gold Vase of Early Helladic Type

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The identification of the Early Helladic civilisation has been the most notable advance made in Greek prehistory since the war. Our knowledge of this earliest Aegean culture on the Mainland is still very fragmentary. But the Louvre has possessed for nearly fifty years a precious document which can now be assigned its true place and sheds an unexpected light on the epoch. It is a gold ‘sauce-boat’ of the form already so familiar in clay at Korakou and Tiryns. Thanks to the courtesy of M. Etienne Michon, Conservator of the Greek and Roman Antiquities, I am permitted to publish this remarkable object (Fig. 1). Save for the handle, our vase has been beaten out of a single piece of metal. The walls are exceedingly thin, not more than ·3 mm. thick, but, as with the gold beakers from Troy, measuring more at the rim, the edge being ·9 mm. across. The base is cupped to form a ring foot, a procedure also adopted by Trojan and Sumerian metal-workers. The handle is formed by a strip of gold with rectangular cross section, flattened at either end to receive the rivets which attach it to the vase. Its three outer sides are engraved with a herringbone pattern. The complete vessel weighs 125·2 grammes.
The Urban Settlement Patterns of Disadvantaged Migrants

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Disadvantaged migrants to metropolitan areas are segregated by race, ethnicity, or socioeconomic status within the residential areas of central city poverty neighborhoods. Whereas black migrants are generally restricted to ghetto space, regional cultural similarities and feedback in the social communication network are important to the residential location of lower class whites. The urban settlement patterns of a sample of recent disadvantaged white migrants to Indianapolis, Indiana, vary from the clusters of migrants from Appalachia and the South to the more dispersed pattern of migrants from Indiana, Illinois, and Ohio, and other metropolitan areas. The residential location of migrants from Appalachia and the South is geographically restricted by cultural constraints, and heavy reliance upon a limited network of friends and relatives in the housing search. However, the sociocultural resources of the Midwest group and the previous urban experience of metropolitan migrants increase the range of housing opportunities in Indianapolis that are available and known to them.
Small interfering (si)RNAp53 reduces p53 protein levels and transcription of p53 target genes

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Copyright information:Taken from "Ranked prediction of p53 targets using hidden variable dynamic modeling"Genome Biology 2006;7(3):R25-R25.Published online 31 Mar 2006PMCID:PMC1557743. Transfection of siRNAp53 reduces p53 protein levels below control values. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction measurement of three p53 target genes (, and ) and a control gene () after transfection of siRNAp53 and irradiation. IR, ionizing irradiation.
Sensitivity of Ocular Anterior Chamber Tissues to Oxidative Damage and Its Relevance to the Pathogenesis of Glaucoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Because the cornea and iris are directly exposed to light, they possess antioxidant defense mechanisms that are not activated in the trabecular meshwork. The peculiar sensitivity of the trabecular meshwork to oxidative stress is consistent with the damage selectively induced in it, triggering glaucoma's pathogenic cascade.
Continuous cefazolin infusion versus cefazolin plus probenecid for the ambulatory treatment of uncomplicated cellulitis: A retrospective cohort study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: The preferred ambulatory IV therapy for cellulitis is often once-daily cefazolin combined with once-daily oral probenecid (C+P). However, due to a national probenecid drug shortage in 2011, our centre developed a replacement protocol for the administration of cefazolin continuous infusion (CCI) using elastomeric infusers. Our goal was to compare treatment efficacy, duration of IV therapy, and recurrence associated with CCI and C+P using retrospective data from our centre. Methods: We conducted a non-inferiority single-centre retrospective cohort study of emergency department medical records. Patients received either C+P (cefazolin 2 g IV once daily plus probenecid 1 g PO once daily) or CCI (cefazolin 2 g IV loading dose, followed by cefazolin 6 g IV via continuous infusion over 24 hours, via an elastomeric infuser). We compared treatment efficacy, duration of IV therapy, and recurrence rates. Results: A total of 203 patients were analyzed, with 107 included in the CCI arm and 96 in the C+P arm. Overall, CCI users and C+P users were comparable in their sociodemographic and clinical variables measured at admission. We observed increased odds of achieving successful treatment among the CCI group, however it did not reach statistical significance (odds ratio [OR] 2.25; 95% CI 0.84 to 6.07). Recurrence rates were similar between both groups (OR 1.91; 95% CI 0.32 to 11.31). The average duration of IV therapy was similar between groups ( p = 0.6). Conclusions: With results suggesting that CCI was non-inferior to C+P, and that both approaches required similar treatment durations, CCI could represent an acceptable alternative to C+P for the ambulatory IV treatment of cellulitis.
Two independent growth factor-generated signals regulate c-fos and c-myc mRNA levels in Swiss 3T3 cells.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Polypeptide growth factors that stimulate cell proliferation bind to cell surface receptors and activate intracellular signal transduction pathways. One major signalling pathway, initiated by phosphatidylinositol (PI) turnover, involves activation of protein kinase C. Some polypeptide growth factors, including mitogens that activate protein kinase C, induce a rapid increase in expression of the proto-oncogenes, c-myc and c-fos. In order to characterize the signal transduction pathways responsible for proto-oncogene activation, we treated Swiss 3T3 cells with the tumor promoter phorbol dibutyrate to generate cells deficient in protein kinase C. These cells were then stimulated with platelet extract, bombesin, or epidermal growth factor (EGF) and the levels of c-myc and c-fos mRNA were determined. Platelet extract or bombesin, which stimulate PI turnover, were substantially weaker inducers of c-myc and c-fos mRNA levels in the protein kinase C-depleted cells, although some variability with platelet extract was noted. EGF, which does not stimulate PI turnover in several cell systems, was by contrast a potent inducer of both proto-oncogenes whether or not the cells were deficient in protein kinase C. Pretreatment of cells with phorbol dibutyrate caused little or no change in the basal levels of c-myc or c-fos mRNA, but led to a small but significant increase in basal levels of ornithine decarboxylase mRNA. These results demonstrate that EGF and growth factors that activate PI turnover induce expression of the c-myc and c-fos proto-oncogenes through different pathways.
Predicting Plant Growth Stages Using Random Forest Classifier: A Machine Learning Approach

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The optimization of plant growth through predictive modelling is a crucial aspect of modern agricultural practices. This study investigates the application of a Random Forest Classifier to predict plant growth stages based on various environmental and management factors. The dataset, sourced from Kaggle, includes variables such as soil type, sunlight hours, water frequency, fertilizer type, temperature, and humidity. The research involves extensive data pre-processing, including encoding categorical variables, scaling data, and splitting it into training (80%) and testing (20%) sets. The Random Forest Classifier is implemented with 5-fold cross-validation, and its performance is evaluated using accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score metrics. The model exhibits robust performance with an average accuracy of 84.27%, precision of 85.59%, recall of 84.27%, and F1-score of 83.98%. Visualization techniques such as correlation heatmaps, PCA plots, t-SNE plots, and violin plots are used to provide insights into the data structure and feature relationships. The results confirm the hypothesis that machine learning can effectively predict plant growth stages, offering significant implications for precision agriculture. By accurately identifying growth stages, farmers and greenhouse managers can optimize resource allocation and management practices, leading to enhanced crop yields and sustainability. The study's limitations include the specificity of the dataset and the sole use of the Random Forest Classifier. Future research should explore additional machine learning models and incorporate more diverse datasets to improve generalizability. The findings contribute to the growing body of knowledge on the application of machine learning in agriculture and suggest practical applications for improving agricultural productivity
The Pathways Undergraduate Researchers Program: Fostering Career Interests, Sense of Belonging, and Student Confidence in Pursuing Science

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The Pathways Undergraduate Researchers Program is a paid, nine-week summer internship at the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center. It targets rising first-, second-, and third-year college students from backgrounds underrepresented in biomedical research. This paper describes how the internship impacted students' awareness of biomedical careers, scientific identification, and sense of belonging in research. Interns reported an increased awareness of biomedical careers and how to attain them. The experience also challenged interns' career ideas. Interns described a mix of feelings on sense of belonging. All felt welcomed and confident in their abilities. Nonetheless, some noted they were different from the other researchers. A number were motivated by being in the minority and ready to become leaders in diversifying the workforce. Data gathered during the COVID-19 pandemic shed a different light on the internship's impact. The interns reported becoming 'credible resources' on public health issues for their families and communities. The program supported this by building their confidence to understand and communicate science. This undergraduate program developed out of a longer running high school internship effort and many of the strategies described herein are used in both. These findings have implications for programs for underrepresented students at the high school and college level.
The effect of ventricular assist devices on cerebral blood flow and blood pressure fractality

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Biological signals often exhibit self-similar or fractal scaling characteristics which may reflect intrinsic adaptability to their underlying physiological system. This study analysed fractal dynamics of cerebral blood flow in patients supported with ventricular assist devices (VAD) to ascertain if sustained modifications of blood pressure waveform affect cerebral blood flow fractality. Simultaneous recordings of arterial blood pressure and cerebral blood flow velocity using transcranial Doppler were obtained from five cardiogenic shock patients supported by VAD, five matched control patients and five healthy subjects. Computation of a fractal scaling exponent (alpha) at the low-frequency time scale by detrended fluctuation analysis showed that cerebral blood flow velocity exhibited 1/f fractal scaling in both patient groups (alpha = 0.95 +/- 0.09 and 0.97 +/- 0.12, respectively) as well as in the healthy subjects (alpha = 0.86 +/- 0.07). In contrast, fluctuation in blood pressure was similar to non-fractal white noise in both patient groups (alpha = 0.53 +/- 0.11 and 0.52 +/- 0.09, respectively) but exhibited 1/f scaling in the healthy subjects (alpha = 0.87 +/- 0.04, P < 0.05 compared with the patient groups). The preservation of fractality in cerebral blood flow of VAD patients suggests that normal cardiac pulsation and central perfusion pressure changes are not the integral sources of cerebral blood flow fractality and that intrinsic vascular properties such as cerebral autoregulation may be involved. However, there is a clear difference in the fractal scaling properties of arterial blood pressure between the cardiogenic shock patients and the healthy subjects.