jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Axillary Approaches to Brachial Plexus Block: A Comparison of Stimulator-guided Peripheral Nerve Block with and Without Ultrasonography Techniques

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: This study aims to compare stimulator-guided peripheral nerve block with and without ultrasonography techniques to investigate the block procedure time, sensory and motor block onset time, pain related to the block procedure-related pain, and anesthesia-related complications.Methods: Patients were randomized into two groups: The nerve stimulator (NS)-guided technique group (n=30) and the NS with ultrasound (NU)-guided technique group (n=30).One-quarter of the solution prepared with prilocaine 2% and lidocaine 2% with the height/5 formula was injected around each nerve after receiving a motor response between 0.3-0.5 mA.The block procedure time, sensory and motor block onset time, the number of skin punctures, procedure-related preoperative complications, procedure-related postoperative complications, and visual analog scale (VAS) (0-10) scores were recorded.The heart rate, systolic arterial pressure, diastolic arterial pressure, mean arterial pressure, and peripheral oxygen saturation values were noted at 0, 5, 10, 15, 30, 45, 60, 120, and 180 minutes. Results:The block procedure time was similar between them (p>0.05).The number of skin punctures (p=0.001) and VAS (p<0.045) were significantly higher in the NS group.The sensory and motor block onset times were significantly similar (p>0.05)except for the motor block of musculocutaneous nerve onset time (p<0.05).Although the success rate was higher in the NU group, there was no statistically significant difference between the groups (p>0.05).The number of complications was significantly higher in the NS group (p<0.05). Conclusion:Using ultrasonography with the NS in the axillary approach to brachial block improves the success rate with a lower incidence rate of complications.
“And weeps with Dostoevsky until morning…”: specifics of the writers’ reception of M. Bakhtin’s personality and ideas

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The problem of the reception of M. Bakhtin’s personality and ideas seems to be one of the most important in today’s Bakhtin Studies. We focus on the writers’ reception among the various forms of Bakhtin reception. By Bakhtin literary reception they mean the presentation of Bakhtin’s image as a literary character, the participation of Bakhtin himself in the literary and cultural life of Nevel, Vitebsk, Leningrad, Saransk and Moscow, the facts of the thinker’s specific relations with representatives of the Russian literary community in different periods of his life. Special attention is paid to the presentation of M. Bakhtin’s image in the literary works of K. Vaginov (“Satyr Chorus”), A. Losev (“The Woman-Thinker”) and in the letters of B. Pasternak. The letters of K. Fedin (the 1960s and early 1970s), containing assessments of M. Bakhtin’s work and personality, have been introduced into the scientific literature for the first time. We also analyze A. Beck’s attitude to Bakhtin’s works. The article concludes that the study of the writers’ reception of M. Bakhtin’s personality allows us to abandon a number of biographical myths and determine the real place of Bakhtin in the literary and intellectual life of the country in the 1920s and 1970s.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains with robust responses to fermentation stresses isolated from the alcoholic fermentation of Agave duranguensis musts

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Yeasts used in fermentation processes are subject to different stress conditions, including low pH, high initial substrate concentration, accumulation of toxic compounds (e.g. ethanol), and temperature fluctuations. The fermentation of mescal is conducted under variable environmental conditions throughout the year. One of the most important environmental factors is temperature, as autumn and winter fermentations occur at low temperatures, but fermentation temperatures are much higher in summertime. The aim of this work was to compare the response of Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains isolated from agave fermentations to different stress conditions and two different medium culture one mimicking mezcal production, using agave must and other synthetic must development for analysis in wine industry. The strains isolated from agave were compared with a commercial strain used in wine elaboration, which exhibits good tolerance to the different stresses found in industrial fermentations. All strains grew in the presence of glucose and fructose irrespective of the sugar concentration, and low pH did not affect the formation of colonies. Differences in growth were observed among the strains at low temperature and high concentrations of ethanol. Only 28% of the tested strains exhibited good tolerance to high ethanol concentrations, a desirable trait for avoiding stuck fermentations. The strain ITD00185 was able to grow in alcoholic stress condition, consuming sugar and producing ethanol in agave must. This strain shows tolerance to the different stress conditions and may be a useful starter culture for agave fermentation, the potential of the native strains to be used to improve other industrial fermentation processes that involve low temperatures and high ethanol yields. Key words: Ethanol, tolerance, Mescal, native strains.
Effective Elimination of Drug Resistance and Sex Factors in Escherichia coli by Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

A method for effective elimination of drug resistance (R) and sex (F) factors in Escherichia coli K-12 strains by treatment with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) is presented. Growth of E. coli harboring R or F factors in Penassay Broth containing SDS led to the loss of all or part of these genetic elements. Appearance of drug-susceptible or F − cells among survivors was observed after the culture reached the stationary phase. Drug-susceptible cells which had lost all of their resistance markers by SDS treatment could be efficiently infected with R or F factors. Among isolated segregants which came from resistant cells, tetracycline-susceptible cells were the major segregant class. Drug-susceptible cells gave no revertants to drug resistance. By treatment of F + cells with SDS, unusual F + cells which retained mating ability but showed resistance to M12 phage were also isolated, together with mutants of another type which lost mating ability but retained sensitivity to M12 phage. Since SDS is more toxic to R + cells than R − cells, the isolation of drug-susceptible or F − cells under these conditions may be partly attributable to selective growth of drug-susceptible or F − cells in SDS-Penassay Broth.
Evaluating a Regional Administrative Model

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Using a stratified random sample and real-time virtual focus group sessions, we evaluated the regional administrative model, addressing personnel supervision, program direction, financial management, and administrative leadership. We concluded that the regional administrative model remains a highly charged topic, there is no common understanding of "region," the efficiencies and effectiveness of county operations have improved, and minor differences exist among groups from areas with differing population densities only with regard to the topic of administrative leadership. Implications relate to using a mix of formal and informal communication approaches, avoiding the consequences of long-term environmental turbulence, vetting the model at all organizational levels, and pilot testing prior to statewide implementation.
Studies on Population Dynamics of Sucking Pests Complex of Chilli and their Relation with Environmental Factors

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The present experiment entitled Studies on population dynamics of sucking pests complex of chilli and their relation with environmental factors was carried out in Insectary, Department of Entomology, CSAUA&T, Kanpur in kharif season 2018-2019.An experiment is conducted to find out the seasonal abundance of sucking pest complex of chilli.The presence of aphid, whitefly, and mites were recorded from the vegetative to maturity stage of the crop.Aphid, whitefly and mites were found to damage the crop moderately.First appearance of aphids were observed on 33 rd standard week and reached at its peak during 37 th standard week.The aphid population showed positive significant relation with maximum temperature and positive non significant relation with the minimum temperature, minimum relative humidity.Maximum relative humidity and rainfall are negatively non significant with aphid population.The occurrence of thrips on 35 th standard week and reached to peak on 44 th standard week.Maximum temperature showed non-significant positive correlation with thrips population.Minimum temperature have non-significant negative correlation.Remaining maximum and minimum relative humidity, rainfall showed negative correlation but statistically significant.Chilli mite was first appeared on 36 th standard week and it's at peak on 47 th standard week.Maximum and minimum temperature, maximum and minimum relative humidity, rainfall are negatively correlated to the mite population.Maximum temperature is non-significant while all other parameters are statistically significant.
Cardiorespiratory response to exercise in men repeatedly exposed to extreme altitude

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The ventilatory and heart rate responses to exercise were studied in four experienced high-altitude climbers at sea level and during a 6-wk period above 4,500 m to discover whether their responses to hypoxia were similar to those of high-altitude natives. Comparison was made with results from four scientists who lacked their frequent exposure to extreme altitude. The climbers had greater Vo2max at sea level and altitude but similar ventilatory responses to increasing exercise. On acute hypoxia at sea level their ventilatory response was less than that of scientists. Their heart rate response did not differ from that of scientists at sea level, but with acclimatization the reduction in response was significantly greater. Alveolar gas concentrations were similar after acclimatization, but climbers achieved these changes more rapidly. The increase in hematocrit was similar in the two groups. It is concluded that these climbers, unlike high-altitude residents, have cardiorespiratory responses to exercise similar to those of other lowlanders except that their ventilatory response was lower and the reduction in their heart rate response was greater.
Turbulent viscous shock layer solutions for Jovian entry at small angles of attack

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The equations governing the laminar and turbulent flows of reacting gas mixtures in chemical equilibrium over axially symmetric blunt bodies at small angles of attack are developed and presented in the unsteady conservative form. Solutions are obtained in the planes of symmetry of the flow field for the typical conditions encountered by a probe entering the Jovian atmosphere at small angles of attack. The eddy-viscosity is approximated by a two-layer model. The shock wave is treated as a discontinuity across which the shock relations are used to compute the flow conditions behind the shock. A time-asymptotic finite-difference method is used to solve the equations. The zero angle of attack results for a hyperboloid are compared with the existing results but neither experimental nor computational results are available for comparison with the present results at angle of attack.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF REALISTIC MATHEMATICS EDUCATION LEARNING APPROACH ON CRITICAL THINKING SKILLS OF ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENTS

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Critical thinking is an ability that students must have to make a reasonable decision based on facts in solving a problem correctly. But in reality not all students have this ability. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of applying the Realistic Mathematics Education approach compared to the direct learning model on the critical thinking skills of elementary school students. This study uses a quasi-experimental method. The research design was a non-equivalent control group design. The sample of this research is the fourth grade students of SDN 2 Mangunrejo as the experimental class and the fourth grade students of SDN 3 Mangunrejo as the control class. The instrument used to measure critical thinking skills is a written test. The average value of student learning outcomes for the experimental class is 82.30, while the control class is 62.33. Thus it can be concluded that there is a difference in the average student learning outcomes between the RME class and the control class. The results of the Independent Sample t-test showed a sig (2-tailed) value of 0.00 0.05 so it can be concluded that there is a significant difference between the average student learning outcomes in the RME class and the control class. From the results of data analysis, it can be concluded that the Realistic Mathematics Education approach is more effective in improving critical thinking skills when compared to the direct learning model.
The Political Realm’s Literary Convention: The Examples of ‘Ishqī and Iqbāl

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This paper aims to verify an ongoing literary code in modern Persian poetry when tackling topics of a political or ideological nature. A couple of preliminary statements are necessary. The first concerns the task accomplished by poetry, in the present and in the past, as a means of diffusion of ideas as a political instrument. In the Muslim world, oral tradition has been more persistent than elsewhere, while poetry and music have always been interconnected, and where musical realms pertain not only to the cultured elites, but to all social strata, such a role is particularly important. In spite of the deep changes that have taken place in Muslim societies in the past two centuries – besides the striking case of Umm Kulthūm and her support of ‘Abd al-Nāsir's policy – to confirm our hypothesis, it would suffice to mention Mahmūd Darwīsh's verses dedicated to Beirut, and their impact on the people of that city during the 1982 Israeli siege. Such poems were immediately put to music, sung, and consequently spread by one of the most popular Arabic singers, and became a kind of patriotic hymn, representing an ideal shared by all, regardless of any political or religious differences.
Comparison of analgesic efficacy of oblique subcostal and lateral transversus abdominis plane block after laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This prospective, double-blinded, randomized, controlled study was undertaken to compare the additional postoperative analgesic effects of oblique subcostal and lateral transversus abdominis plane blocks using visual analog scale (VAS) scores and algometry determined pressure pain thresholds (PPTs), and to investigate the correlation between VAS scores and PPTs in patients on patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) after laparoscopic cholecystectomy.Sixty patients aged 20 to 65 years, ASA physical status I or II, were randomly allocated to one of three groups: a group not administered a TAP block (TAPC group, n=20), a group that received an oblique subcostal TAP block (TAPS group, n=20), and a group that received a lateral TAP block (TAPL group, n=20).Bilateral TAP blocks were performed after skin closure.All patients subsequently received fentanyl (20 μg/kg) PCA.At 8 hours postoperatively, VAS scores during coughing was negatively correlated with PPTs on right skin incision site (r=-0.418,p=0.001).We conclude oblique subcostal and lateral TAP blocks have no additional postoperative analgesic effect in patients on PCA after laparoscopic cholecystectomy, and suggest that algometer determined PPTs offer a potential objective alternative to VAS scores for assessing postoperative pain.
Comparison of Aqueous and Non‐Aqueous Treatments of Cellulose to Reduce Copper‐Catalyzed Oxidation Processes

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Summary. The present paper examines oxidative degradation of cellulose catalyzed by presence of Cu 1+ and Cu 2+ ions in the context of historic paper conservation treatments. Aqueous treatments of degraded papers further spread transition metal ions, such as copper, across the fibre matrix, and therefore augment the detrimental effect of these ions. In the paper industry, the inhibiting effects of magnesium ions on metal‐catalyzed degradation of cellulose contaminated with metal impurities have been observed. Also, magnesium compounds dissolved in alcoholic or aqueous solutions are generally used in paper conservation as deacidification agents. Paper samples with artificially produced copper corrosion served as mock‐ups for examination and comparison of different treatments which focused on the inhibiting effect of magnesium and antioxidants. Analytical examination of molecular weight distribution, carbonyl content, carboxyl content, and surface pH was performed. Results show an inhibiting effect of magnesium on copper‐catalyzed cellulose degradation, although less pronounced than expected.
Long-Term Surgical Outcome of Masculinizing Genitoplasty in Large Cohort of Patients With Disorders of Sex Development

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Most patients with 46,XY disorders of sex development were satisfied with long-term results of masculinizing genitoplasty, although specific complaints about small penile length, sexual activity and urinary symptoms were frequent. New surgical approaches should be developed to ensure full satisfaction in adulthood among patients with disorders of sex development.
Transforming growth factor beta 1 supports autonomous growth of human papillomavirus-immortalized cervical keratinocytes under conditions promoting squamous differentiation.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) inhibits proliferation of keratinocytes cultured from normal anogenital epithelia; however, human papillomavirus (HPV)-immortalized cell lines often exhibit increased resistance. Present results demonstrate that TGF-beta 1 (1-10 pM) stimulates growth of multiple HPV-immortalized cell lines when cultures are maintained under conditions promoting squamous differentiation (MCDB153-LB medium with 1.0 mM calcium and without epidermal growth factor and bovine pituitary extract). Growth stimulation by TGF-beta 1 was not due to altered expression of type I or II receptors, but was increased after extended passage of cells in culture. Differentiation of immortal keratinocytes resulted in induction of RNAs encoding two markers of squamous differentiation, involucrin and keratin 1, and decreased expression of RNAs for the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor and two ligands, amphiregulin and TGF-alpha. Growth stimulation by TGF-beta 1 occurred indirectly via establishment of an autocrine loop. TGF-beta 1 increased expression of RNAs encoding the EGF-R and amphiregulin, and also increased numbers of cell-surface EGF-Rs without altering their affinity. In contrast, TGF-beta 1 inhibited autonomous growth and transcription of amphiregulin RNA in normal keratinocytes. Growth stimulation by TGF-beta 1 could be blocked by a monoclonal antibody that competes for binding to the EGF-R or by a mixture of monoclonal antibodies that neutralize amphiregulin activity, confirming the importance of this autocrine pathway. Thus, partial abrogation of the growth inhibitory response to TGF-beta 1 sensitizes HPV-immortalized keratinocytes to a growth stimulatory signal mediated by an EGF-R-dependent pathway involving autocrine stimulation by amphiregulin.
Dissident Visions of the USSR: Medvedev, Sakharov & Solzhenitsyn

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Since the 1960s, Roy Medvedev has been fashioning a Marxist critique of Soviet politics that has won him a special audience among liberals in the Communist Party elite. A critic of Stalin, Medvedev defends Lenin as a leader of unusual analytic gifts and the ability to act decisively and, in particular, calls attention to Lenin's critique of a growing bureaucracy as a guide to trimming the Stalinist excesses in the Party and government. This article discusses Medvedev's theories and compares them with those of other dissidents, and the author concludes that the time for realizing some of his hopes is at hand.
HOW DOCTORS THINK: HOW TO EMBED CLINICAL REASONING SKILLS IN AN EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENT

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Amanda Clark, MD1 avick@uab.edu Carlos Estrada, MD, MS 2,3 cestrada@uab.edu Jeff Kohlwes, MD, MPH 4 jeff.kohlwes@ucsf.edu Chad Miller, MD 5 cmiller4@tulane.edu Jason Morris, MD 1-3 jlmorris@uab.edu Lisa Willett, MD1 ,2 llwillett@uab.edu 1 Tinsley Harrison Internal Medicine Residency Program (UAB) and 2 University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 3 Birmingham VAMC, 4 University of California, San Francisco, 5 Tulane University
Studying the Effect of Online Medical Applications on Patients Healing Time and Doctors Utilization Using Discrete Event Simulation

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Online Medical Applications (OMA) has evolved dramatically in the last few years, and, consequently, the number of patients using it has also grown exponentially. Patients who are seeking non-emergency but immediate medical services or consultant may save time and money by approaching online doctors through OMAs instead of visiting them physically in healthcare centers. Additionally, medical doctors quantity contributing to OMAs growth, which can affect patients average waiting time and the queue size in healthcare centers. In this paper, We have developed a Discrete Event Simulation (DES) model to study the effects of using OMA on the patients healing time and doctors utilization by comparing it with the same process in healthcare centers. Additionaly, we compared patients average queue size, maximum number of patients in the queue, and total number of healed patients in our study. The results of this simulation showed that the healing process in OMA could serve the same number of patients in ~46% shorter time compared to healthcare centers with ~5.7% less doctors' utilization.
Toward QCD on Quantum Computer: Orbifold Lattice Approach

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We propose an orbifold lattice formulation of QCD suitable for quantum simulations. We show explicitly how to encode gauge degrees of freedom into qubits using noncompact variables, and how to write down a simple truncated Hamiltonian in the coordinate basis. We show that SU(3) gauge group variables and quarks in the fundamental representation can be implemented straightforwardly on qubits, for arbitrary truncation of the gauge manifold.