jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Use of Disability Outcome Measures in a Neurological Rehabilitation Unit

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Disability levels in 100 patients were assessed at monthly intervals during early inpatient rehabilitation after single incident brain injury using the Functional Independence Measure (FIM; Guide for the Uniform Data System for Medical Rehabilitation, 1993) and a modified Barthel Index (Novak, Johnson, & Greenwood, 1996). We were particularly interested to evaluate the relative effectiveness of these measures in detecting improvements in patients in this rehabilitation setting. It was found that scores on both measures at admission correlated highly with length of stay on the unit and dependency levels on discharge. There was also little difference in floor and ceiling effects on the two measures, with both detecting change in 95% of patients. However, the modified Barthel Index had the added advantages of being quick and easy to administer, needed no special training to score and it had face validity. It is therefore suggested as the measure of choice in early National Health Service inpatient neurorehabilitation settings.
The influence of social activity on regional cerebral blood flow and mental function in the normal aged volunteers

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

正常高齢者の脳循環, 知的精神機能に対する社会的環境因子の影響を明らかにするために133Xe吸入法を用いて以下の検討を行なった.対象は社会的活動性の比較的低い老人ホーム居住者33名 (I群) および社会的活動性の高い地域在住志願老人49名 (II群) である.両群間に高血圧等の医学的背景因子の差は認められなかった.結果: 1) 局所脳血流量 (rCBF) はII群に比しI群で低値を示しとくに前頭, 側頭部で明らかであった.また動作性知能もI群で低下していたが言語性知能については有意差を認めなかった.2) rCBFおよび知能スコアに対する加齢の影響はI群でより早期から認められた.3) 男性ではI群で左右半球のrCBFの減少, 両知能の低下を認めたが, 女性では左半球rCBFと言語性知能は比較的よく保たれていた.以上の結果は社会的環境因子が大脳の老化に大きな影響を与えることを示しており, さらにそれには男女差が存在することが明らかとなった.
Chemical characterization and biological abilities of Anthocleista djalonensis collected from two locations of Ivory Coast

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract In this study, the total phenolic and flavonoid contents, HPLC‐DAD detected phytochemicals, antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory potential of methanolic and aqueous (as infusion) extracts of the medicinal plant, Anthocleista djalonensis (leaf and stem bark) collected from two locations, Mafiblé and Prikro, in Ivory Coast, were investigated. The ranges of total phenolic and flavonoid contents obtained were 14.17–46.95 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g and 2.96–34.76 mg rutin equivalent (RE)/g, respectively. Antioxidant abilities in terms of radical scavenging, reducing and metal chelating activity of the extracts in different assays were as follows: DPPH (4.90–48.82 mg trolox equivalent [TE]/g), ABTS (21.05–81.89 mg TE/g), CUPRAC (29.54–122.33 mg TE/g), FRAP (17.53–94.06 mg TE/g) and metal chelating (10.09–28.49 mg EDTAE/g. The extracts of A. djalonensis collected from Mafiblé, especially those of stem bark, contained higher level of total bioactive contents compared to Prikro extracts, detected by high‐performance liquid chromatography with photodiode‐array detection (HPLC‐DAD). Only the methanolic extracts irrespective of plant parts/location, showed inhibition against acetylcholinesterase (1.42–2.12 mg galantamine equivalent (GALAE)/g), while only the stem bark methanolic extract of A. djalonensis from Mafiblé was found to inhibit butyrylcholinesterase (0.65 mg GALAE/g). Thus, findings from this study could be useful for better application of the medicinal benefits from this plant.
A Shared Multi-Disciplinary Creativity Requirement for First Year Students

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Even though interest in embedding creativity into tertiary curricula has grown internationally, little scholarship exists about implementation strategies or the efficacy of linking creativity pedagogies to first-year experience programs. This practice report describes how Suffolk University in Boston, Massachusetts, inserted a new creativity requirement for first-year students as a part of curriculum reform in the College of Arts and Sciences and in the Sawyer Business School in spite of considerable resistance. It will demonstrate the uniqueness of the approach and suggest anticipated outcomes in advance of a comprehensive assessment process now underway.
Equity judgments and context dependence: Knowledge, efficiency and incentives

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Distributional equity concerns are often at least as important as economic efficiency and ecological sustainability in environmental and natural resource management policies. Until recently, however, economists have shied away from tackling equity issues, primarily because equity appeared as a slippery concept, varying across people and circumstances. This study takes this context-dependence of equity judgments as a starting point and shows that such dependence, far from being random, is systematic. A series of controlled laboratory treatments with University students were designed to investigate the role on distributional equity judgments of such context factors as knowledge of one’s position in society, how the existence of equity-efficiency tradeoffs can affect equity judgments, and the importance of material incentives compared with hypothetical situations, where ‘in principle’ judgments are called for. Key results include the relative discriminating power of context factors, the hierarchy of context-dependence, the dissymmetry between support and opposition to equity principles, and the impact of different wealth endowments on equity judgments. A number of common beliefs are found not to be substantiated by our experimental findings.
The effect of group level variables on fertility in a rural Indian sample

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper studies reproductive behaviour (ideal family size, completed family size and family planning acceptance) in a rural Indian area which was rapidly industrialising. Two castes and eleven villages were sampled. It was found that family planning was quite common and that fertility differentials among couples were related to the couples’ unique socioeconomic characteristics as well as to two group level variables (caste and village). The latter result was shown to be statistically significant, for all three measures of reproductive behaviour, even after many unique socioeconomic characteristics and attitudes of each couple were accounted for statistically.
A practical approach to the re-estimation of the economic internal rate of return of agricultural projects in project completion reports

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract Techniques for re-estimating the economic internal rate of return of agricultural projects in Project Completion Reports are not well known. Firstly a base year for the re-estimation must be selected. Project cost andrevenue streams fallinto historical and projected data. For economic analysis, and to eliminate the effects of devaluation, historical data should be recalculated into current US dollar terms, using shadow exchange rates. The data may then be changed into constant base year terms using appropriate indices. Projected costs are calculated in constant base year US dollars using a shadow exchange rate. The projected revenue stream should be calculated in current US dollars, the values being changed into constant base year terms using an appropriate index. Ignoring terminal values the historical and projected parts of the net benefit stream may be combined to derive the economic internal rate of return. Keywords: agricultureinternal rate of returnproject completion reports
MODULE’S INFLUENCE ON BASIC ENGINEERING MECHANICS’S LEARNING OUTCOMES OF CIVIL ENGINEERING STUDENTS

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Modules are teaching materials that contain learning objectives, learning material/substance and evaluation so that students can learn independently and be more active in learning. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of using the module on student learning outcomes in first semester of the Civil Engineering Study Program, Faculty of Engineering, Graha Nusantara University in the Basic Engineering Mechanics course and the magnitude of the increase in learning outcomes. The research method used was quasi-experimental method with a pretest-posttest control group design. The number of samples is 40 students, which are divided into two groups. Data collection uses test techniques (questions) through pre-test and post-test. Data processing was performed using Statistical Product and Service Solution (SPSS) version 21.0 for Windows. Based on the results of the t-test, it was found that tcount ≥ ttable or 4.2058 ≥ 2.023 meaning that Ho is rejected or Ha is accepted. So that the module-based learning model affects the learning outcomes of Basic Engineering Mechanics students of the Civil Engineering Study Program, Graha Nusantara University Padangsidimpuan with an increase in learning outcomes of 41.86%. Meanwhile, the conventional learning model is only able to increase the learning outcomes of Basic Engineering Mechanics by 28.69%. The module-based learning model has a percent effectiveness of 35.19% to improve Basic Engineering Mechanics learning outcomes. Thus, the application of a module-based learning model is very suitable and effective for colleges used.
A Polymacrocyclic Oligoarylamine with a Pseudobeltane Motif: Towards a Cylindrical Multispin System

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Molekularer Scheibenwischer: Das abgebildete polymakrocyclische Oligoarylamin kann mehrere Redoxstufen einnehmen. Die Pseudo-Beltan-Struktur mit para-Phenylendiamin-Brücken verleiht seinem Radikalkation die Fähigkeit, zwischen zwei seitlich verschobenen Strukturen zu wechseln. Die Tetraazacyclophan-Einheiten sind dagegen starre Komponenten des Polymakrocyclus.
A Metallurgical Perspective on the Birth of Ancient Israel

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The re-emergence of the copper industry in the Arabah valley between the twelfth and ninth centuries BCE stimulated wealth and economic development across the whole Southern Levant. Combining this reality with the metallurgical background of ancient Yahwism provides a material basis for the spread, from the early Iron Age, of the worship of YHWH in ancient Israel and neighboring nations, especially Edom. These findings strengthen the Qenite hypothesis of the origin of the Israelite religion. They also suggest that an official cult of YHWH, replacing a traditional esoteric dimension, is the main novelty of the Israelite religion. The claim of YHWH’s intervention in history, apparently absent from traditional Yahwism, is the other theological novelty advanced by the Israelites. This article suggests that both innovations are rooted in a desert-shaped form of Yahwism especially adapted to the way of life and the environment of Northwestern Arabia, the land of Biblical Midian.
Pityriasis rubra pilaris in a mother and two daughters

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Conflicts of interest: none declared. Sir, Pityriasis rubra pilaris (PRP) is a disorder of keratinization of unknown cause. Most cases of PRP are sporadic but familial clustering has been reported.1–4 We report three members of one family with clinical and histological features of PRP (Fig. 1). To our knowledge, this is the first report of congenital PRP affecting two daughters. Patient 1 (generation II, offspring 1). The mother, now aged 33 years, developed PRP when she was 12 years old. There was no prior family history of PRP, psoriasis or atopy. She has the classical type of adult‐onset PRP typified by a cephalocaudal eruption of follicular hyperkeratotic papules progressing to generalized erythroderma with islands of sparing (Fig. 2a,b). She also has a scaly scalp, yellow thickening of the palms and soles and subungual hyperkeratosis. The clinical diagnosis of PRP was supported by histological findings of hyperkeratosis, patchy parakeratosis varying in both horizontal and vertical planes and follicular plugging.
Pauses…what pauses?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A 72-year-old woman was admitted for management of constipation secondary to opiod medications. Opiods were prescribed for pain relief following fractured humerus after a fall 1 week previously. Further history included multiple unexplained falls without syncope on the background of deforming rheumatoid arthritis osteoporosis and treated hypertension. On admission she was found to be tachycardic with atrial flutter with variable block …
Gestational Age - the Most Important Factor of Neonatal Ponderal Index

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Ponderal index (fetal weight in grams X 100 / (fetal length in centimeters)3) (PI) is one of the anthropometric methods used to diagnose impaired fetal growth. Irrespective of the infant's position on the growth-weight-for-gestational age charts, PI is low in malnourished infants and high in obese ones. As fetal growth is affected by ethnicity, geographic location and socioeconomic status, we developed standards for neonatal PI, and assessed the effects of gestational age, sex and maternal parity. Data on 5798 newborns from singleton pregnancies born in the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Split University Hospital, were retrospectively analyzed. Over a 15-month period in 2000/2001, 5596 newborns from 24 to 42 weeks of gestation were born. The other 202 newborns, born from 24 to 34 weeks of gestation in the ten year period, 1990-1999, were added because of the small number of preterm infants; ensuring a minimum of 30 to fill up at least infants in each gestational week. All mothers were of Caucasian origin. Stillbirths and fetuses with congenital malformations were excluded. The 10th, 50th and 90th percentiles, mean values with standard deviation of PI and the 10th, 50th, and 90th percentiles of birth weight and birth length are presented separately at weekly intervals. PI showed linear correlation with gestational age from 24 to 39 weeks, after witch the data plateaued. Sex and parity had no impact on PI in infants born between 24 and 37 weeks. Analysis of variance revealed PI to be significantly higher in female than in male newborns, and in multiparous than in nulliparous infants after 37 weeks of gestation. In conclusion, gestational age is the most important factor of neonatal PI. The effects of sex and parity on PI should only be considered in term neonates.
Structure and dynamics of G protein-coupled receptor–bound ghrelin reveal the critical role of the octanoyl chain

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Ghrelin plays a central role in controlling major biological processes. As for other G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) peptide agonists, the structure and dynamics of ghrelin bound to its receptor remain obscure. Using a combination of solution-state NMR and molecular modeling, we demonstrate that binding to the growth hormone secretagogue receptor is accompanied by a conformational change in ghrelin that structures its central region, involving the formation of a well-defined hydrophobic core. By comparing its acylated and nonacylated forms, we conclude that the ghrelin octanoyl chain is essential to form the hydrophobic core and promote access of ghrelin to the receptor ligand-binding pocket. The combination of coarse-grained molecular dynamics studies and NMR should prove useful in improving our mechanistic understanding of the complex conformational space explored by a natural peptide agonist when binding to its GPCR. Such information should also facilitate the design of new ghrelin receptor-selective drugs.
Some Monte Carlo Results on Nonparametric Changepoint Tests, Working Paper 95-17

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

An examination of the small-sample properties of nonparametric changepoint tests using Monte Carlo analysis to investigate the probabilities of false-positive tests under alternative assumptions about the time-series properties of the underlying process. ; An analysis of whether depositor preference legislation reduced the FDIC's failed-bank resolution costs in 1984-92, and whether nondepositors' responses may have partially undone the intended benefits of such legislation.
Testosterone Suppresses Circadian Responsiveness to Social Cues in the Diurnal Rodent Octodon degus

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The diurnal, social rodent Octodon degus displays a robust sex difference in the ability to use social cues to facilitate reentrainment following a phase advance of the light cycle. Adult females housed with a female social cue donor reentrained 25% to 40% faster than did females reentraining alone. However, reentrainment rates of males were unaffected by exposure to female social cues during reentrainment. The authors hypothesized that males were less sensitive to the reentrainment-enhancing effects of social cues and that their higher threshold to the stimuli could be overcome if the social cues were either increased in strength or salience. Housing a male with two females significantly shortened the time to reentrain following a 9-h phase advance ( p = 0.002). Housing with a sister had no effect on reentrainment. Therefore, male degus are able to respond to social cues but require the stimulus to be stronger than that for females. The effect of testosterone was tested by comparing reentrainment rates of castrated males before and after testosterone replacement both with and without a female social cue donor. Castrated males responded to a single female social cue donor, reentraining 35% faster than when housed alone ( p = 0.006), whereas the time to reentrainment of intact males and males with testosterone capsule implants did not differ. Intact females were also implanted with testosterone and phase shifted with and without donors. Testosterone treatment eliminated the increase in reentrainment rates in the presence of social cues. The authors conclude that the rate of recovery from odor-enhanced phase shifts is modulated by activational effects of testosterone in male degus. Testosterone is also effective in suppressing social cue responsiveness in females, suggesting that testosterone’s effects on responsiveness are not sexually dimorphic. This hormonal effect likely occurs by altering sensory system functions or CNS response to sensory information.
The Traffic Guru

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

An unassuming Dutch engineer showed that streets without signs can be safer than roads cluttered with arrows, painted lines, and lights. Are we ready to believe him? Hans Monderman certainly changed the landscape in the provincial city of Drachten, with the project that, in 2001, made his name. At the town center, in a crowded four-way intersection called the Laweiplein, Monderman removed not only the lights but virtually every other control. Instead of a space cluttered with poles, lights, traffic islands, and restrictive arrows, Monderman installed a radical kind of roundabout (a squareabout, in his words, because it really seemed more a town square than a traditional roundabout), marked only by a raised circle of grass in the middle, several fountains, and some very discreet indicators of the direction of traffic, which were required by law. A year after the change, the results of this extreme makeover were striking: Not only had congestion decreased in the intersection--buses spent less time waiting to get through, for example--but there were half as many accidents, even though total car was up by a third. Students from a local engineering college who studied the intersection reported that both drivers and, unusually, cyclists were using signals--of the electronic or hand variety--more often. They also found, in surveys, that residents, despite the measurable increase in safety, perceived the place to be more dangerous. This was music to Monderman's ears. If they had not felt less secure, he said, he would have changed it immediately. Not surprisingly, these kinds of counterintuitive findings made news. But often, the reports reduced Monderman's theories to a simple libertarian dislike for regulation of any kind. Granted, he did occasionally hum this tune. When government takes over the responsibility from citizens, the citizens can't develop their own values anymore, he told me. So when you want people to develop their own values in how to cope with social interactions between people, you have to give them freedom. But his philosophy consisted of more than a simple dislike of constraints. He was questioning the entire way we think about and its place in the landscape.
RHEUMATOID NODULES OF THE EYE

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In 1930, Van der Hoeve1described two cases of a scleral disease that he named scleromalacia perforans. Verhoeff and King,2in 1938, found 14 cases in the literature, added 1 of their own, and discussed them before this section. They gave the first description (with the possible exception of a specimen reported by Holthouse in 1893 and mentioned by Smoleroff3in his report of three cases) of an eye in this condition that had been removed and studied microscopically. We have recently studied two cases, clinically and microscopically, that showed some features that emphasize the point that scleral disease, in the rheumatoid state, may give rise to complications that mask the original condition, so that, by the time the patient is seen by the last ophthalmologist to examine him, the origin of the disease may be obscured. Since the advent of cortisone and corticotropin, agents that promise
Simultaneous Estimation of Telmisartan and Indapamide in Bulk and Capsule Dosage Form by Reverse Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

A selective and sensitive reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method has been developed for the separation and quantification of telmisartan and indapamide in capsule dosages form has been fist developed and validated. Quantification carried out using Stainless Steel C18 130 x 4.6, 5μm column as a stationary phase and mobile phase comprised of 50mM KH2PO4, Acetonitrile and methanol in proportion of 50:20:30 (v/v/v) with pH adjusted to 3.0 ± 0.1 by using o-phosphoric acid. The flow rate was 1.0 ml/min and monitored at 280 nm. The retention time for telmisartan and indapamide were 11.1 and 4.458 minutes, respectively. The method was validated in terms of linearity, precision, accuracy, ruggedness, and specificity, limit of detection and limit of quantification. The linearity (r2) and percentage recoveries of telmisartan and indapamide were 0.9998 and 99.85 μg/ml and 0.9988 and 99.91% respectively. The proposed method is suitable for simultaneous determination of telmisartan and indapamide in capsule dosage form.