jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Effect of the Medial Collar in Total Hip Arthroplasty with Porous-Coated Components Inserted without Cement

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT: We performed an in vivo study in a canine model to compare the results of the use of a porous-coated collared femoral component with those of the use of a porous-coated collarless femoral compo-nent in total hip arthroplasties without cement. Our study focused on the comparative proximal strain pat-tern, bone ingrowth, and cortical porosity of the two types of prostheses. We used a trochanteric wire marker to measure subsidence. The use of the limb was assessed with gait analysis. Twelve weeks after the operation, the collarless components had ~ i g ~ c a n t l y greater bone ingrowth proximally (p = 0.003) and were associated with significantly lower cortical porosity (p = 0.006). There were no differences between the groups with regard to either axial or hoop strain. While the group that had
Feature Extraction and Matching Algorithm Based on Improved SIFT

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

To solve the problem that the SIFT algorithm used in augmented reality algorithm can not accurately extract matching and the matching efficiency is low, a matching method combining SIFT algorithm, fast explicit diffusion FED and IMU is proposed.Firstly, the input image of the initial matching is processed by a nonlinear filtering operation using FED.Pre-integration is performed by the IMU inertial measurement unit to calculate the pose change of the camera between two frames of images.Then, the SIFT algorithm is adopted for image matching.Finally, the corresponding relationship between the virtual object coordinates registered on the screen and the real space coordinates is determined.With the help of IMU and the nonlinear image fuzzy processing, the proposed method has strong adaptability to images and can obtain the corresponding coordinates of real space in complex environments.
Energy-pooling ionization (EPI) in Ga vapour: electronic detection and cross section measurement

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We report on the electronic detection of the energy-pooling ionization (EPI) process in resonantly laser-excited gallium vapour. The formation of electrons and ions in the collision of two Ga atoms excited to the 5 2S1/2 level is analysed as a function of several different parameters such as the laser power density, the atomic density and the temperature. The influence of the strong chemical reactivity of Ga at high temperatures on the process is also evidenced. Finally the cross section for the EPI process is derived from the electronic signals detected. It turns out to be (1.1±0.5)×10-15 cm2, a large value that states EPI as a very efficient process in Ga vapour.
Advances in Gene Therapy of Breast Cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Breast cancer incidence is increasing year by year in China,which has become the leading cause of death among female malignant tumors.The survival rate has improved with the progress of comprehensive clinical treatments of operation therapy supplemented by a variety of other treatments.However,the advanced-stage and recurrence are still hard problems for clinicians.With the rapid progress of research in cancer related genes and the application of targeted medicine,gene therapy shows promise,especially in advanced and recurrent cases.
Investigation of regional development in Brazil: a patento-scientometric approach

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Brazil's underdevelopment can be partly blamed on a low level of investments in research and development, causing its technology structure to be relatively backward in terms of innovation. The 'metal-mechanical complex', located in the South Fluminense Mesoregion (SFM) of the state of Rio de Janeiro, is recognised for its high economic importance to the country due to the presence of factories owned by large multinational and national companies and the corresponding group of firms supplying goods and services to them. The objective of this study was to assess the mesoregion's technological development through comparison of eight high-tech projects (four in the SFM and four in other parts of the state) that received financial support from the funding agency FAPERJ to produce innovative products or processes. This analysis first relied on computing scientometric and indicators and then involved comparing the efficiencies of the new firms by data envelopment analysis (DEA). The results revealed that the SFM, although highly industrialised, does not have a compatible level of technological development.
Flexibility of the spine: normative values of goniometric and tape measurements

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

A sample of 508 male and female white-collar and blue-collar employees aged 35 to 54 years were examined clinically to determine the reliability of spinal flexibility measurements using inclinometers and a tape measure, and to determine the normal values of cervical sagittal movements, lateral flexion, lumbar flexion and extension, trunk rotation and sidebending. Spinal flexibility decreased with advancing age, particularly among the blue-collar workers. Male predominance was observed in lumbar flexion and rotation and female predominance in cervical flexion-extension-movement. Spinal flexibility was negatively related to the experience of disabling pain. The strongest connections were between cervical flexion-extension-movement and neck pain, and between trunk sidebending and low back pain during the preceding year. The interobserver reliabilities were found to be generally good for all these measurements, and trunk sidebending showed the highest reliability coefficients. The intraobserver reproducibility (checked at a one-year interval) was acceptable only for cervical flexion-extension movement, cervical sidebending and trunk sidebending.
Automated Generation Algorithm for Synthetic Medium Voltage Radial Distribution Systems

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

To introduce more automation in the distribution level of the power system, increasingly more data are needed to serve as input to control algorithms. To examine the complex interaction between the various layers of the system and verify the effectiveness of automation, difficult to obtain, realistic test systems are necessary. An algorithm for automatically synthesizing realistic medium voltage distribution feeders, and thus circumvent the data access problem, is presented. The algorithm treats distribution system feeders as graphs with nodes and edges, each with various properties, and leverages this structure to search for emerging statistical patterns. Using a large data set from a DSO in The Netherlands, clear statistical distributions are identified linking properties, such as load, node degree, or cable length, to the feeder structure. Specifically, many properties are linked to a node's or edge's distance, in hops, from the primary substation. With consideration for standard engineering practices, the statistical trends are exploited in the synthesis process, to generate feeders, which display similar characteristics to the real samples. The KL-divergence is used in the evaluation of analysis and synthesis results. Beyond solving the data access problem, the use of automatically generated, synthetic, distribution systems will enable testing and validation techniques, such as Monte Carlo simulations, which are currently not possible in this field, where single test cases are the norm.
Comparison of ultrasound and digital mammography plus tomosynthesis in determining benign and malignant breast lesions using pathology as a gold standard, in 102 Chinese women.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Breast US and 2D+3D mammography imaging play an additive role in identifying breast tumors. Intervention of the 2D+3D imaging technique helps recognize appearance and characteristics of breast lesions particularly in the women with a lesion measure of ≤1cm and those with dense breasts or breast microcalcifications.
Development of a patient safety culture

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Gone are the days of a paternalistic approach to healthcare provision. The patient's life and welfare should no longer be seen as exclusively in the hands of clinicians, with a passive role. Such an assumption is now questionable. Enshrined in law are patients' human rights which must be respected, from legal and ethical perspectives. Before the 21st century, patient safety was not considered as a priority. Patient safety depends on the quality of care delivered, subject to human factors. This cannot be guaranteed. Clinicians have a duty of care, in law and based on their professional code of conduct, to ensure that patients are not harmed by their (staff's) negligent actions or omissions. Appropriate risk assessments and risk management plans are essential. This chapter introduces a discourse on a diverse approach to safety primarily for patients and others within the healthcare environment.
Metabolomics Reveal\nNanoplastic-Induced Mitochondrial\nDamage in Human Liver and Lung Cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Plastic debris in the global biosphere is an increasing\nconcern,\nand nanoplastic (NPs) toxicity in humans is far from being understood.\nStudies have indicated that NPs can affect mitochondria, but the underlying\nmechanisms remain unclear. The liver and lungs have important metabolic\nfunctions and are vulnerable to NP exposure. In this study, we investigated\nthe effects of 80 nm NPs on mitochondrial functions and metabolic\npathways in normal human hepatic (L02) cells and lung (BEAS-2B) cells.\nNP exposure did not induce mass cell death; however, transmission\nelectron microscopy analysis showed that the NPs could enter the cells\nand cause mitochondrial damage, as evidenced by overproduction of\nmitochondrial reactive oxygen species, alterations in the mitochondrial\nmembrane potential, and suppression of mitochondrial respiration.\nThese alterations were observed at NP concentrations as low as 0.0125\nmg/mL, which might be comparable to the environmental levels. Nontarget\nmetabolomics confirmed that the most significantly impacted processes\nwere mitochondrial-related. The metabolic function of L02 cells was\nmore vulnerable to NP exposure than that of BEAS-2B cells, especially\nat low NP concentrations. This study identifies NP-induced mitochondrial\ndysfunction and metabolic toxicity pathways in target human cells,\nproviding insight into the possibility of adverse outcomes in human\nhealth.
Civil Tongues: Language, Law and Reformation

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

There is a passage in the opening pages of Cicero's De inventione — a standard sixteenth-century textbook — where he describes the origins of civilized societies, the development of which he attributes entirely to the role of language.2 According to Cicero, it is 'through reason and eloquence' ['rationem atque orationem'] that men are 'transformed from wild savages into a kind and gentle folk' ['ex feris et immanibus mites reddidit et mansuetos'].3 This essay examines the inheritance of this Ciceronian link between language, reason and civil living by sixteenth-century writers, arguing that there is a recurrent link between disorderly, disobedient or 'deviant' behaviour and incomprehensible or redundant speech.
Hepatic steatosis in chronic hepatitis B: a study of metabolic and genetic factors.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Hepatic steatosis is a common finding in liver biopsy and may co-exist with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection. The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of steatosis in CHB patients among Filipinos; determine the factors related to the presence of steatosis among individuals with and without CHB infection; and to investigate the possible association between steatosis and polymorphism in interleukin 28B (IL28B) gene. The presence of steatosis was correlated with clinical, biochemical and histological parameters. Peripheral blood samples of CHB patients with steatosis, CHB patients without steatosis and normal controls were genotyped for IL28B rs8099917 T>G using the TaqMan assay. Of the 46 CHB patients, 41% (19/46) had steatosis. Body mass index (BMI), fasting blood sugar (FBS), lipid profile and alanine transaminase levels were observed to be significantly different between CHB patients with steatosis and normal controls. The serum FBS of CHB patients with steatosis was significantly higher than patients without steatosis. High density lipoprotein cholesterol of patients without steatosis was significantly higher than patients with steatosis. Although not statistically significant, BMI, triglycerides, low density lipoprotein cholesterol and histology activity index in CHB patients with steatosis were found to be higher than those without steatosis. There was no significant association between the stage of fibrosis and severity of steatosis. In conclusion, the prevalence of hepatic steatosis among Filipino patients with CHB is 41%. Steatosis in CHB patients was associated with metabolic factors such as diabetes and dyslipidemia. IL28B rs8099917 T>G polymorphism is not associated with steatosis.
Institutional Trap

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The author studies the persistence of \n inequality and inefficient governance in a physical capital \n accumulation model with perfect information, missing credit \n markets, and endogenous barriers to entry. When access to \n investment opportunities is regulated, rent-seeking \n entrepreneurs form coalitions of potentially varying size to \n bribe a regulator to restrict entry. Small coalitions run \n short of resources, while large coalitions suffer more \n severe free-rider problems. The distribution of wealth thus \n determines the equilibrium coalition structure of the \n economy and consequently the level of regulatory capture. A \n dynamic analysis supports the persistence of inefficiencies \n in the long run. Initial conditions determine whether the \n economy converges to a steady state characterized by \n efficient governance and low levels of inequality, or a path \n toward an institutional trap where regulatory capture and \n wealth inequality reinforce each other.
Using Elliptical Core Optical Fibers for MIMO-less Space Division Multiplexing

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text G. Milione, "Using Elliptical Core Optical Fibers for MIMO-less Space Division Multiplexing," in Advanced Photonics 2017 (IPR, NOMA, Sensors, Networks, SPPCom, PS), OSA Technical Digest (online) (Optica Publishing Group, 2017), paper NeM3B.1. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Urban-Rural Differences of Female Cancers in Gharbiah, Egypt

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Breast cancer and hormone receptor positive (HR+) breast cancer incidence vary across the world with higher incidence in developed countries. Most risk factors for breast cancer are environmental and involve increased exposure to estrogen. However, known risk factors of breast cancer explain approximately 50% of breast cancer risk; thus other risk factors that are environmental, estrogenic and/or related to development might be responsible for the remnant risk. Xenoestrogens are such chemicals with wide presence in developed countries and urban areas which have been shown to increase risk of breast cancer in in vitro and animal studies. Human studies looking at the association of xenoestrogens with breast cancer have been equivocal. One of the reasons for this has been an absence of unexposed populations in developed countries. We hypothesized that urban incidence rates of breast cancer and HR+ breast cancer will be higher than rural rates and set out to investigate this hypothesis by comparing the two populations. \nAs a part of this dissertation using a series of studies which utilized data from the Gharbiah Population-based Cancer Registry (GPCR) in Egypt, we showed that urban incidence of breast cancer was three to four times higher than rural incidence. This trend held true over an eight year period for all age-groups and districts. We also showed that HR+ breast cancer incidence was two to three times higher in urban areas compared to rural areas. Further investigation into other female malignancies showed six times higher incidence of uterine cancer in urban areas than rural areas. Since both breast and uterus are organs susceptible to estrogenic effects, a higher urban incidence of these malignancies suggested a higher exposure of urban women to estrogenic risk factors. In the absence of significant differences between urban and rural women with regards to reproductive factors, healthcare access and health behavior, differences in exposure to environmental sources of estrogens emerges as a probable factor for higher urban incidence of breast and uterine cancer. \nFuture studies are needed to investigate individual level differences in exposure to environmental sources of estrogen such as xenoestrogens, considering the presence of appropriate comparison populations.
IFN-γ Is Produced by Polymorphonuclear Neutrophils in Human Uterine Endometrium and by Cultured Peripheral Blood Polymorphonuclear Neutrophils

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Cytokines present in the human uterus play an important role both in modulating immune responses to infectious challenge and in the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy. In particular, successful implantation and pregnancy is thought to require the establishment of a Th2 environment, while Th1 cytokines are associated with pregnancy loss and infertility. On the other hand, a Th1 response appears to be required for the resolution of acute infection. Using novel confocal microscopic analysis of fresh sections of human tissue, we have investigated the production of IFN-γ, a Th1 cytokine, in human endometria. Extracellular IFN-γ, mostly associated with matrix components, was located immediately beneath the luminal epithelium and along the glandular epithelium proximal to the lumen. As evidenced by intracellular staining, IFN-γ is produced by both stromal cells and intraepithelial lymphocytes through all stages of the menstrual cycle. Surprisingly, the stromal cell containing intracellular IFN-γ was identified as a polymorphonuclear neutrophil on the basis of its reactivity with a panel of mAbs and its nuclear morphology. We further found that polymorphonuclear neutrophils isolated from normal donors produce IFN-γ in response to stimulation with LPS, IL-12, and TNF-α. Taken together, these findings suggest that polymorphonuclear neutrophils are capable of producing IFN-γ both in vitro and in vivo, indicating that their role in shaping immune responses may be more extensive than previously thought. Furthermore, these studies strongly suggest that polymorphonuclear neutrophils play an important role in determining immune responsiveness within the female reproductive tract.
Microwave Photon Generation by Thin Magnetic Films

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract : The magnetostrictive generation of microwave phonons by thin magnetic films is theoretically described and experimental data taken at X-band are discussed. The cases of generation on the uniform precession on ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) and on spin-wave resonance (SPWR) are treated. Wave equations are obtained for the displacement components when the dc magnetic field makes an arbitrary angle with the film normal. These have driving terms proportional to dm/dy which are responsible for the phonon generation. It is shown that in the FMR case the generation occurs at the film surfaces, while in the SPWR case the generation takes place throughout the film interior. The experimental data appear to support the generation model in the FMR case, but unexplained discrepancies exist between theory and experiment in the SPWR case. A comparison with quartz piezoelectric generation is made, and while the generation efficiencies are about equal, substantial improvement is possible in the magnetostrictive case.
Specific Gravity and Chemical Composition of the Untrimmed Ham as Related to Leanness of Pork Carcasses

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The specific gravity of the untrimmed right ham was found to be closely associated with the specific gravity of the entire carcass with a correlation coefficient of .86. However, cut-out percentages, chemical composition of the ham, loin lean areas, and fat thickness measures were not as closely predicted by ham specific gravity as by carcass specific gravity. The correlation coefficients obtained between ham specific gravity and the above mentioned items were all highly significant. In this study, contrary to previous work, carcass cut-out was more closely associated with live probe and backfat thickness than with specific gravity of the ham. However, specific gravity of the untrimmed ham more closely predicted its chemical composition than lean areas of the loin, carcass length, live probe, or backfat thickness. Results indicated that specific gravity of the ham or carcass was a more reliable indicator of muscling, or actual meatiness, than live probe or backfat thickness. This conclusion was based on a higher correlation of specific gravity and loin lean areas than between fat thickness and lean areas. Added proof was drawn from the closer relation of specific gravity and chemical components than of fat thickness measures and chemical composition. Carcass length showed no significant relationship with cut-out, chemical composition, or exterior fat thickness. Carcass length combined with backfat thickness or live probe gave little advantage over the use of backfat or live probe alone. Dressing percentage was not significantly associated with specific gravity or loin lean area. In this study the lean area of the loin measured at the tenth rib more closely predicted cut-out than the same area measured at the last rib. In general, lean cut-out was more closely associated with other measures of leanness than primal cut-out.
Payments for Watershed Services Financing Water Security and Green Growth

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Payments for Ecosystem Services (PES) schemes are a transparent system for the provision of ecosystem services through conditional payments to voluntary providers. In the context of water resources management, Payments for Watershed Services (PWS) schemes are an instrument for watershed protection and management and have been implemented in both developing and developed countries at different scales around the world to achieve water security and green growth. This chapter will first discuss the concept of PES, the benefits they provide, and the various design considerations that should be addressed. The chapter will then discuss the concept of PWS, the various benefits these schemes provide, and a guideline to ensure a scheme’s success.