jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Wie definieren Jugendliche in Deutschland Cybermobbing? Eine Fokusgruppenstudie unter Jugendlichen einer deutschen Großstadt

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

A steadily growing number of empirical research on cyberbullying exists retaining the traditional definition of bullying. However, whether this scientific and theoretical definition represents youths' perceptions and experiences with cyberbullying is a subject of further investigation. Scenarios of cyberbullying incidents were used and later discussed in three focus groups with 20 adolescents (55 % boys, 45 % girls, 11-16 years old). Thematic and content analyses laid focus on the following questions: (1) Which terms are used by the adolescents to describe the behaviors in the incidents? (2) What are the roles of traditional bullying definition criteria (i. e. intention, repetition, and power imbalance) and two additional cyberbullying-specific criteria (i. e. anonymity and publicity)? (3) How are the behaviors perceived in comparison to each other? Results show that German adolescents perceive "cybermobbing" as the best term to describe the presented incidents. Impersonation was not perceived as cyberbullying by the adolescents, but rather viewed as a criminal act. In addition, adolescents perceived the intent to harm, the impact on the victim, and repetition relevant for defining cyberbullying. Moreover, analyses revealed an interdependence between criteria which suggests that anonymity and publicity have an effect on the severity of the behavior, however they were not essential for the definition of cyberbullying.
Effect of Chinese medicine decoction on life function and physical function of patients with phlegm vertigo

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To observe the improvement of Chinese medicine which is calming liver-wind and resolving phlegm stop jing on life function and physical function of patients with phlegm vertigo. Methods The 60 patients were randomly divided into observation group and control group,30 cases in each group. The observation group was treated by Banxia Baishu Tianma decoction and the control group was treated by Betahistine hydrochloride tablets. Observe two groups before and after the treatment of vertigo symptom scores,the degree of dizziness disability rating scale( DHI) survey and the quality of life evaluation form( SF-36) improve situation. Results The observation group in the degree of improvement in vertigo and the reduction of frequency of vertigo were significantly better than the control group( P 0. 05); The scores of DHI and SF-36 of two groups after treatment were significantly better than that before treatment( P 0. 05),and the observation group's scores were better than the control group( P 0. 05). Conclusion Banxia Baishu Tianma decoction on the treatment of phlegm vertigo was obvious,the life function and physical function of patients have a significant improvement after treatment,relieve clinical symptoms.
Lymphadenopathy in a Series of Egyptian Pediatric Patients and the Role of Pathology in the Diagnostic Workup

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Assessment of lymphadenopathy in children represents a diagnostic challenge because of the extensive differential diagnoses, including reactive and malignant conditions. Knowledge of the etiologic pattern of lymphadenopathy in a given geographical region is essential for making a confident diagnosis or for suspecting a disease. Hence, the present study was carried out to identify different etiologies of lymphadenopathy in children in our region and to assess parameters commonly associated with malignancy, with an emphasis on the role of pathology. One hundred and twenty patients aged 1 month to 18 years were included in the study. They were sorted into neoplastic and nonneoplastic (infectious and noninfectious) groups. In 56 patients, biopsy (fine needle aspiration cytology [FNAC], core needle, or excision biopsy) was essential to reach the final diagnosis. Sensitivity of FNAC in the differentiation between neoplastic and nonneoplastic lymphadenopathy was 92.3%, and specificity was 90.0%, with a diagnostic accuracy of 91.3%. We concluded that malignancy should be suspected in the following conditions: presence of abdominal or multiple symptoms; symptom duration of 1–6 months; generalized lymphadenopathy; multiple groups of lymph node (LN) involved; LN size > 2 cm; amalgamated, hard, fixed, and nontender LNs; certain abnormal complete blood count findings; blast cells in blood film; and elevated lactate dehydrogenase level. In such cases, LN biopsy is highly recommended. A final diagnosis was achieved after integrating information from history and clinical findings with the laboratory, radiological, pathological, and microbiological findings. Accordingly, an algorithm for primary diagnostic evaluation of children with lymphadenopathy is suggested.
Impact of tonsillectomy on the efficacy of Alt-RAMEC/PFM treatment protocols in children with class III malocclusion and tonsillar hypertrophy: protocol for a cluster randomised controlled trial

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Introduction Orthodontic treatment using face mask protraction combined with an alternate rapid maxillary expansion and constriction/protraction face mask (Alt-RAMEC/PFM) protocol is effective in the early treatment of patients with class III malocclusion, but the stability of treatment outcomes represents a major concern. Previous studies have suggested that tonsillar hypertrophy can be a risk factor for class III malocclusion and tonsillectomy may prompt the normalisation of dentofacial growth. However, these studies had a low-to-moderate level of evidence. This study was designed to identify the impact of tonsillectomy before orthodontic treatment on the efficacy and stability of Alt-RAMEC/PFM protocols and the sleep quality and oral health in children with anterior crossbite and tonsillar hypertrophy. Methods and analysis This is a two-arm, parallel-group, superiority cluster randomised controlled trial, with four clinics randomly assigned to the surgery-first arm and the orthodontic-first arm in a 1:1 ratio. The Alt-RAMEC protocol involves alternate activation and deactivation of the expander’s jet screw over 6 weeks to stimulate maxillary suture distraction. Patients will be instructed to wear the PFM for a minimum of 14 hours per day. The primary outcomes are changes in Wits appraisal and the degree of maxillary advancement from baseline to the end of orthodontic treatment. Lateral cephalometric radiographs, polysomnography, Obstructive Sleep Apnoea-18 questionnaire and Oral Health Impact Profile-14 questionnaire will be traced, collected and measured. We will recruit 96 patients intofor the study. To assess differences, repeated multilevel linear mixed modelling analyses will be used. Ethics and dissemination This study has been granted ethical approval by the Ethics Committee of the School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University (approval No. 2023-D10). Written informed consent will be obtained from the participants and their guardians. The results of the trial will be disseminated through academic conferences and journal publications. Trial registration number ChiCTR2300078833.
4-Chromatic Graphs Have At Least 4 Cycles of Length $0 \bmod 3$

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

A 2018 conjecture of Brewster, McGuinness, Moore, and Noel asserts that for $k \ge 3$, if a graph has chromatic number greater than $k$, then it contains at least as many cycles of length $0 \bmod k$ as the complete graph on $k+1$ vertices. Our main result confirms this in the $k=3$ case by showing every $4$-critical graph contains at least $4$ cycles of length $0 \bmod 3$, and that $K_4$ is the unique such graph achieving the minimum. We make progress on the general conjecture as well, showing that $(k+1)$-critical graphs with minimum degree $k$ have at least as many cycles of length $0\bmod r$ as $K_{k+1}$, provided $k+1 \ne 0 \bmod r$. We also show that $K_{k+1}$ uniquely minimizes the number of cycles of length $1\bmod k$ among all $(k+1)$-critical graphs, strengthening a recent result of Moore and West and extending it to the $k=3$ case.
Application of the small-tip-angle approximation in the toggling frame for the design of analytic robust pulses in quantum control

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We apply the Small Tip-Angle Approximation in the Toggling Frame in order to analytically design robust pulses against resonance offsets for state to state transfer in two-level quantum systems. We show that a broadband or a local robustness up to an arbitrary order can be achieved. We provide different control parameterizations to satisfy experimental constraints and limitations on the amplitude or energy of the pulse. A comparison with numerical optimal solutions is made.
General strategy for self assembly of mesoporous SnO2 nanospheres and their applications in water purification

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Mesoporous SnO2 nanospheres with large surface areas are prepared through a facile hydrothermal route. The as-synthesized product possesses an average diameter of around 40 nm, which is composed of numerous tiny SnO2 nanocrystallites. The possible formation mechanism for the mesoporous SnO2 nanospheres is discussed in detail, and it was found that glucose played a critical role on the morphology of the final products. The photocatalytic properties of the mesoporous SnO2 nanospheres were investigated by photodegrading several organic dyes, such as methylene blue (MB), methyl orange (MO) and Congo red (CR) aqueous solutions under UV irradiation, respectively. Meanwhile, the photodegradation experiments of an MB aqueous solution from three different morphologies of SnO2 (microflowers, core–shell microspheres and mesoporous nanospheres) and ZnO nanosheets were also conducted for the comparison of the photocatalytic activities. Upon comparing the experiments, the mesoporous nanospheres exhibited superior photocatalytic activities, which may be ascribed to their large specific surface area and unique mesoporous structure.
The Level of Thinking Skills in the Reading Section of EFL Textbook in Indonesia

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The curricular implementations are represented in the textbook. The textbook is used by all students, who may have varying levels of thinking skill; however, it is a good opportunity to encourage students, regardless of their critical thinking skill level, to not only learn to know and understand, but also to apply, evaluate, and create such a product from their learning. The present study aims to investigates the level of thinking skills employed in the reading parts of EFL textbooks in Indonesia. The Ministry of Education and Culture officially printed the textbook for senior high school students in grade X. Content analysis was used to explore the level and frequency of thinking skills, focusing on the task and reading questions in the textbook. The data were quantitatively displayed in the form of a table. It was gained through the coding process based on the theoretical framework of Low Order Thinking Skills (LOTS) and High Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) introduced by Bloom. It was found that the textbook mostly included knowledge and comprehension levels of thinking in the reading tasks and questions. It means that LOTS-based tasks and questions are more dominant than HOTS.
Selection of Activities to be Crashed for Mitigating Construction Delays

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Mitigating the effects of delays by speeding up (crashing) the remaining activities is a very common practice in construction especially, when such delays are instigated by contractors themselves. When identifying a suitable activity for crashing, managers and planners might consider the cost-effectiveness, safety, quality, resource implication, and impacts on other components in the project schedule. In practice, many managers and planners would often base their decisions on personal judgment and experience. Surveys were carried out in Hong Kong to capture this experiential knowledge of decisionmakers on the selection of 'crashing activities' (activities to be crashed). The first survey aimed to identify the factors pertinent to the selection of 'crashing activities', and a list of 23 selection factors were then compiled to drive the second survey which focused on establishing the importance of those selection factors for delays mitigation. The results indicate that 'safety', 'chances of success', 'resources availability', and 'time for implementation' are the most influential factors when selecting construction activities for crashing. Surprisingly, 'cost' was regarded as one of the least important factors by clients and contractors in this study.
Thermal Performance Evaluation of Plate-Type Heat Exchanger with Alumina–Titania Hybrid Suspensions

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper aims to develop models for the thermal conductivity and viscosity of hybrid nanofluids of aluminium oxide and titanium dioxide (Al2O3-TiO2). The study investigates the impact of fluid temperature (283 K–298 K) on the performance of a plate heat exchanger using Al2O3-TiO2 hybrid nanofluids with different particle volume ratios (0:5, 1:4, 2:3, 3:2, 4:1, and 5:0) prepared with a 0.1% concentration in deionised water. Experimental evaluations were conducted to assess the heat transfer rate, Nusselt number, heat transfer coefficient, Prandtl number, pressure drop, and performance index. Due to the lower thermal conductivity of TiO2 nanoparticles compared to Al2O3, a rise in the TiO2 ratio decreased the heat transfer coefficient, Nusselt number, and heat transfer rate. Inlet temperature was found to decrease pressure drop and performance index. The Al2O3 (5:0) nanofluid demonstrated the maximum enhancement of around 16.9%, 16.9%, 3.44%, and 3.41% for the heat transfer coefficient, Nusselt number, heat transfer rate, and performance index, respectively. Additionally, the TiO2 (0:5) hybrid nanofluid exhibited enhancements of 0.61% and 2.3% for pressure drop and Prandtl number, respectively. The developed hybrid nanofluids enhanced the performance of the heat exchanger when used as a cold fluid.
Stress and coping model for family caregivers of older adults

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study was to evaluate the family caregiver experience using the ABC-X Model and data from the 2004 National Long-Term Care Survey in an effort to bridge the gap between caregiver research and practice. The impact of mediation is demonstrated through the progression of Model A, Model B, Model C, and Model D (Figures 1-4). Caregiver burdens of negative care receiver behavior, activities of daily living, and time spent caregiving will be used as predictor variables for caregiver stress. Caregiver stress is indicated by financial stress and emotional stress. It was hypothesized that the effect of caregiver stress on caregiver’s perceived physical health and the effect of stress on life satisfaction would be mediated by coping behaviors and social support. However, mediation of these relationships was not supported. The researcher also hypothesized that stress, coping behaviors, social support, physical health, and life satisfaction will differ based on characteristics of ethnicity, relationship to the care receiver, and gender. It was found that while model fit was similar for all subgroups, there were significant path coefficient differences indicating that overall, the caregiver experience has similar variables but that based on the caregiver’s background characteristics, the caregiver experience is also unique. Implications are that programs should recognize these differences and address them in program evaluations and interventions with a focus on effective coping behaviors. It was recommended that future research continue to explore ways to bridge the gap between research and practice.
Ada Apa dengan Niat Wajib Pajak dalam Menggunakan E-Filling Di Indonesia?

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The Directorate General of Taxes' Self Assessment method gives taxpayers the confidence to calculate, pay and report their own taxes. E-filing facilitates tax reporting in Indonesia, supporting the Directorate General of Taxes' efforts to accelerate revenue. Qualitative research using the meta-analysis method shows that WP behavioral interest affects the effectiveness of e-filling which has an impact on formal tax compliance. The low effectiveness can be caused by the lack of WP interest, which is reflected in the preference for using other methods and the lack of recommendations. Socialization and awareness raising are needed. The e-filing application plays an important role despite some technical constraints. Changes to information technology affect the level of formal compliance of taxpayers. The information technology acceptance model emphasizes perceived usefulness in influencing user behavior. Despite technical constraints, technological developments such as e-filing receive a positive response from taxpayers for future tax return submission.
Labour and birth information needs of first time mothers in Malawi and satisfaction with information received

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Giving labour and birth information to first time mothers is one of the challenges facing the midwives in Malawi. There are many underlying health and soeioeconomic problems facing the people of Malawi particularly mothers in the child bearing age because of inadequate human and material resources in the health sector. This thesis presents findings of a study carried out in Malawi to explore labour and birth information given to first time mothers at hospitals and in the communities. Maternal satisfaction with the information received was determined. In addition labour and birth information needs of first time mothers in Malawi were determined from the mother's perspective. A descriptive-correctional design was used in this study. One hundred and fifty first time mothers who had given birth to a live full term infant within 8 weeks of the postpartum period participated in the study. The findings of the quantitative results were analysed using SPSS for Windows. Responses to open ended questions were analysed using content analysis. The findings indicated that first time mothers believe that they are not given adequate labour and birth information in the hospital settings. The findings also indicated that labour and birth information given in the community is culturally based and mainly comprises cultural beliefs and taboos of childbirth. First time mothers in Malawi also expressed satisfaction with some of the information given during pregnancy, labour and birth but were not satisfied overall with the amount of information they received in preparing them for childbirth. The findings of the study have implications for improving how and what labour and birth information is given to first time mothers in Malawi. Recommendations are presented for nurse/midwifery practice, education, management and research.
Multi-target Detection in Airport Scene Based on Yolov5

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

By comparing multiple target detection algorithms, combined with the particularity of the airport scene, finally an algorithm based on YOLOv5 was selected for airport multi-target detection.. After tuning the parameters according to the loss function and the mean average precision in training, a target detection model adapted to the airport scene is obtained. The data was collected from a high-definition camera at Chengdu Shuangliu Airport, and about 3000 highdefinition pictures were obtained by intercepting video frames. Then the experiment use "LabelImg" software to annotate the data to get the VOC data set. Experimental results show that the average accuracy of the algorithm can reach 85.77%, and it can effectively detect aircraft on the airport scene.
Highly Substituted Tetrahydrofurans by a Rhodium-CatalyzedCascade

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

One-pot reactions allow for the rapid synthesis of complex molecules without requiring the isolation of intermediates. The authors present a method for the synthesis of highly substituted tetrahydrofurans by rhodium(II)-catalyzed OH insertion of aryldiazoacetates into allylic alcohols, followed by base-induced intramolecular 1,4-addition. The products are formed as single diastereomers.
Measurements of Chemical Potentials in Pb-Pb Collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 5.02 TeV

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

This Letter presents the most precise measurement to date of the matter-antimatter imbalance at midrapidity in Pb-Pb collisions at a center-of-mass energy per nucleon pair $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 5.02 TeV. Using the Statistical Hadronization framework, it is possible to obtain the value of the electric charge and baryon chemical potentials, μ$_Q$ = -0.18±0.90 MeV and μ$_B$ = 0.71±0.45 MeV, with unprecedented precision. A centrality-differential study of the antiparticle-to-particle yield ratios of charged pions, protons, Ω baryons, and light (hyper)nuclei is performed. These results indicate that the system created in Pb-Pb collisions at the LHC is on average baryon-free and electrically neutral at midrapidity.
Robust Location Prediction over Sparse Spatiotemporal Trajectory Data: Flashback to the Right Moment!

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

As a fundamental problem in human mobility modeling, location prediction forecasts a user’s next location based on historical user mobility trajectories. Recurrent neural networks (RNNs) have been widely used to capture sequential patterns of user visited locations for solving location prediction problems. Due to the sparse nature of real-world user mobility trajectories, existing techniques strive to improve RNNs by incorporating spatiotemporal contexts into the recurrent hidden state passing process of RNNs using context-parameterized transition matrices or gates. However, such a scheme mismatches universal spatiotemporal mobility laws and thus cannot fully benefit from rich spatiotemporal contexts encoded in user mobility trajectories. Against this background, we propose Flashback++, a general RNN architecture designed for modeling sparse user mobility trajectories. It not only leverages rich spatiotemporal contexts to search past hidden states with high predictive power but also learns to optimally combine them via a hidden state re-weighting mechanism, which significantly improves the robustness of the models against different settings and datasets. Our extensive evaluation compares Flashback++ against a sizable collection of state-of-the-art techniques on two real-world location-based social networks datasets and one on-campus mobility dataset. Results show that Flashback++ not only consistently and significantly outperforms all baseline techniques by 20.56% to 44.36% but also achieves better robustness of location prediction performance against different model settings (different RNN architectures and numbers of hidden states to flash back), different levels of trajectory sparsity, and different train-testing splitting ratios than baselines, yielding an improvement of 31.05% to 94.60%.
Deprivation of parental rights: a safety net for children or parents?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The family, the primary and most suitable place for growth and well-being, can be jeopardized by the misbehavior of its members. In accordance with its duties, the State should take appropriate measures to protect family members, especially the children. This paper focuses on the deprivation of parental rights and its normative and theoretical framework as a court measure for children’s protection. Presenting the results of research that considers cases in front of the Basic Court of Niš, this study aims to determine the reasons for the deprivation of parental rights, difficulties that occurred in the proceedings, and ways to overcome them.