jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Lactobacillus fermentum MCC2760 Attenuates Heated Oil‐Induced Brain Oxidative Stress and Inflammation via Modulation of NRF2 and NF‐kB in Rats

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Scope Reusing deep‐fried oil is a common practice to cut costs, and their consumption may affect brain function. Hence, the study investigates the modulatory potential of Lactobacillus fermentum MCC2760 (LF) on heated oil‐induced brain oxidative stress (OS) and inflammation that may have a bearing on cognition in experimental rats. Methods and results Female Wistar rats are fed with diets containing native sunflower oil (N‐SFO), native canola oil (N‐CNO), heated sunflower oil (H‐SFO), heated canola oil (H‐CNO), heated sunflower oil with probiotic (H‐SFO + LF), or heated canola oil with probiotic (H‐CNO + LF} for 60 days. Compared to respective controls, heated oils significantly ( p < 0.05) increased OS by decreasing antioxidant defense enzymes and nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (NRF2) activity. Further, heated oil elevates brain expression of cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA 2 ), cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2), prostaglandin‐E receptor 4 (EP‐4), intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM‐1), nitric oxide synthase 2 (NOS‐2), followed by an increased production of proinflammatory eicosanoids (prostaglandin E2 [PGE 2 ] and leukotriene B4 [LTB 4 ]) and cytokines (tumor necrosis factor‐α [TNF‐α], monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 [MCP‐1], interleukin‐1β [IL‐1β], and interleukin‐6 [IL‐6]). The increased nuclear translocation of nuclear factor kappa beta (NF‐kB) in heated oil‐fed groups’ brains corroborates the heightened inflammatory response. Heated oils decrease neurotrophins and neuron development markers. However, administration of LF abrogates the heated oil‐induced alterations significantly ( p < 0.05). Conclusions The present study is novel in demonstrating the protective role of probiotic LF against heated‐oil‐induced brain OS and inflammation in rats.
Mathematical modelling of meningitis serogroups A and C transmission in Sub-Saharan Africa: A case study in Ghana

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

This study proposes an epidemiological model for Susceptible, Protected, Carriers (Men A and Men C), Infected (Men A and Men C) and Recovered (SPCIRS) to accurately estimate meningitis’ occurrence and transmission in Ghana. To validate this approach, reported data obtained by researchers on case studies in regions of Ghana that are part of the Sub-Saharan meningitis belt were used. Based on the model’s prediction, infected individuals have an equal probability of transmitting the infection to others through contact. Simulated results from the equilibrium-state analysis of this methodology reveal that there is a specific threshold parameter ς such that the disease-free equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable when R0<ς≤1, whereas backward bifurcation occurs when ς1. A unique endemic equilibrium is present when R0 is near 1, with the possibility of this equilibrium being locally asymptotically stable. Furthermore, the proposed model effectively fits the data from the examples studied. This highlighted the optimal control theory identifies ideal strategies for disease eradication and the impact of vaccination and treatment plans. When eradication is not feasible, Pontryagin’s Maximum Principle provides optimal disease management. It was deduced from the numerical simulations that high coverage of susceptible individuals receiving vaccinations, combined with the development of an efficient vaccine, is the best strategy for managing the bacteria.
Intrinsically Active Surface in a Pt/γ-Mo2N Catalyst for the Water–Gas Shift Reaction: Molybdenum Nitride or Molybdenum Oxide?

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Apart from active metals, supports also contribute significantly to the catalytic performance of supported metal catalysts. On account of the formed strain and defects, the heterostructured surface of the support may play a crucial role to activate the reactant molecules, while it is usually neglected. In this work, the Pt/γ-Mo2N catalyst was prepared via a facile solution method. This Pt/γ-Mo2N catalyst showed excellent activity and stability for catalyzing the water-gas shift (WGS) reaction. The reaction rates at 240 °C were 16.5 molCO molPt-1s-1 in product-free gas and 5.36 molCO molPt-1 s-1 in full reformate gas, which were almost 20 times that of the catalysts reported. It is found that the molybdenum species in the surface of the Pt/γ-Mo2N catalyst is molybdenum oxide as MoO3. This surface MoO3 is very easily reduced even at room temperature, and it transformed into highly distorted MoOx (2 < x < 3) in the WGS reaction. The MoOx on the catalyst surface greatly enhanced the capability of generating active oxygen vacancies to dissociate H2O molecules, which induced unexpectedly superior catalytic performance. Therefore, the intrinsically active surface in the Pt/γ-Mo2N catalyst for the WGS reaction was molybdenum oxide as MoOx (2 < x < 3).
Nanosized Vanadium Diboride: Synthesis, Structure, and Properties

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopic, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic examinations, as well as energy dispersive X-ray and elemental analyses revealed the formation of single-phase VB2 with the average particle sizes of 20–35 nm from the reaction between vanadium(III) chloride and sodium borohydride at a molar ratio of 1: 10 in the temperature range of 595–930°C in an argon atmosphere at a contact time of 14–28 h. The reaction between amorphous boron and vanadium powders at 800°C in an argon atmosphere at a contact time of 32 h in Na2B4O7 and KCl ionic melts gave VB2 with the average particle size of ~90 nm.
Geometrical Optimization of Jetting Duct

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents and evaluates three new designs of fibre optic cable ducts for jetting. The three designs are longitudinal ridges with square, triangular and semicircular geometries. The effects of the geometries are evaluated with regards to electrostatic force, fluid drag force and jetting length with limited push force. An optimal design is suggested, with triangular longitudinal ridges on the inner surface of the duct.
Human Keratinocytes Adopt Neuronal Fates After In Utero Transplantation in the Developing Rat Brain

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Human skin contains keratinocytes in the epidermis. Such cells share their ectodermal origin with the central nervous system (CNS). Recent studies have demonstrated that terminally differentiated somatic cells can adopt a pluripotent state, or can directly convert its phenotype to neurons, after ectopic expression of transcription factors. In this article we tested the hypothesis that human keratinocytes can adopt neural fates after culturing them in suspension with a neural medium. Initially, keratinocytes expressed Keratins and Vimentin. After neural induction, transcriptional upregulation of NESTIN, SOX2, VIMENTIN, SOX1, and MUSASHI1 was observed, concomitant with significant increases in NESTIN detected by immunostaining. However, in vitro differentiation did not yield the expression of neuronal or astrocytic markers. We tested the differentiation potential of control and neural-induced keratinocytes by grafting them in the developing CNS of rats, through ultrasound-guided injection. For this purpose, keratinocytes were transduced with lentivirus that contained the coding sequence of green fluorescent protein. Cell sorting was employed to select cells with high fluorescence. Unexpectedly, 4 days after grafting these cells in the ventricles, both control and neural-induced cells expressed green fluorescent protein together with the neuronal proteins βIII-Tubulin and Microtubule-Associated Protein 2. These results support the notion that in vivo environment provides appropriate signals to evaluate the neuronal differentiation potential of keratinocytes or other non-neural cell populations.
[PP.13.06] PLACE OF BETA-BLOCKERS IN ANTIHYPERTENSIVE TRIPLE THERAPIES. THE FRENCH TRIANON SURVEY

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: In France, antihypertensive triple therapies most frequently combine renin-angiotensin system inhibitors, diuretics and beta-blockers (BB) which is inconsistent with current recommendations. This could be explained by the high proportion of patients in secondary prevention among those receiving triple therapy. The objective of the Trianon survey was to describe the prevalence and the predictors of BB within triple therapies in France. Design and method: Prospective, cross-sectional survey conducted by 258 cardiologists in 2014 and involving adult hypertensive patients receiving 3 antihypertensive drugs at stable dose for at least 8 weeks. Results: The analysis involved 1055 patients (mean age 69 ± 11 years, males 59.2%, diabetics 32.3%). Treatment was prescribed for secondary prevention (SP) in 378 patients (35.8%) and in primary prevention (PP) in 677. Current use of tobacco, diabetes, dyslipidemia, sleep apnea, history of atrial fibrillation, history of supraventricular or ventricular extrasystoles, left ventricular hypertrophy, and renal failure were more frequent in SP than in PP patients. Blood pressure was 144 ± 81 mmHg and was controlled in 41.8% of patients without difference between SP and PP patients. Current treatment regimen included a BB in 253 SP patients (66.9%) and 293 (43.3%) PP patients (p < 0.0001). In those PP patients prescribed with BB, physicians declared BB prescription to be related to cardiac rhythm disorders (139/293). Therefore 154 patients (52.6% of PP patients with BB, 22.7% of all PP patients) were treated with a BB out of context of secondary prevention or cardiac rhythm disorders. In multivariate analysis and for the overall population, angina (OR 3.37 [2.15;5.26]), history of myocardial infarction (OR 4.63 [2.47;8.69]), asthma (OR 0.21 [0.09;0.46]), COPD (OR 0.52 [0.33;0.81]) and cardiac rhythm disorders (OR 2.01 [1.50;2.69]) were related to BB prescription. In PP patients, cardiac rhythm disorders (OR 2.07 [1.44;2.98]), asthma (OR 0.18 [0.05;0.62]) and COPD (OR = 0.32 [0.16;0.65]) were related to BB prescription. Conclusions: Beta-blockers prescription is not fully explained by secondary prevention purpose nor by cardiac rhythm disorders in hypertensive patients treated with triple therapies. This overprescription could be involved in the explanatory factors of the rate of patients at goal, which is largely perfectible.
Structural Stability, Thermodynamic and Elastic Properties of Cubic Zr0.5Nb0.5 Alloy under High Pressure and High Temperature

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Structural stability, sound velocities, elasticity, and thermodynamic properties of cubic Zr0.5Nb0.5 alloy have been investigated at high pressure and high temperature by first-principles density functional calculations combined with the quasi-harmonic Debye model. A pronounced pressure-induced shear wave velocity stiffening in Zr0.5Nb0.5 alloy is observed at pressures above ~11 GPa, owing to its structural instability under high pressure, whose anomalous behavior is also observed in the end members of Zr-Nb alloys for Zr at ~13 GPa and for Nb at ~6 GPa upon compression, respectively. In addition, high-pressure elasticity and elastic-correlated properties of cubic Zr0.5Nb0.5 are reported, as compared with previous studies on Zr-Nb alloys with different compositions. A comprehensive study of the thermodynamic properties of cubic Zr0.5Nb0.5, such as heat capacity (Cv), thermal expansion coefficients (α), and Debye temperature (ΘD), are also predicted at pressures and temperatures up to 30 GPa and 1500 K using the quasi-harmonic Debye model.
Against the Concept of Cultural Trauma or How I Learned to Love the Suffering of Others without the Help of Psychotherapy

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Handbooks celebrate the success stories of academic life. Handbook entries are supposed to be constructive and uplifting affairs which impart on future generations the academic insights of current generations, inform their readers in succinct fashion about important conceptual frameworks and methodologies, and demonstrate in what contexts and for what research agendas these intellectual tools can be applied most successfully. We will accomplish none of these objectives in the following text. Instead, we will inform you about a spectacular failure, the failure of scholars in the humanities and social sciences to develop a truly interdisciplinary trauma concept despite their many claims to the contrary. We will also present you with a culprit for this unfortunate development by blaming our colleagues for applying poststructuralist theory in rather unimaginative ways and, as a result, developing a strangely narrow and aestheticized concept of trauma. After this announcement a short note may be in order. We hope very much that the following is not perceived as just another exercise in postmodern theory bashing. We are ourselves firmly committed to the venerable deconstructive project of questioning master narratives, exposing the ideological prejudices and blind spots of the discursive status quo, and pursuing cultural analysis in a radical self-reflexive fashion. In fact, we object to the postmodern trauma discourse, which is currently so popular in the humanities, precisely because it lacks self-reflexivity and has elevated the concept of cultural trauma into the status of a new master narrative. These negative effects are particularly pronounced in literature departments where trauma studies have contributed to the reestablishment of conventional procedures of textual exegesis as the be all and end all of the philological enterprise (Weilnbock). As a result, the very concepts that were originally developed in the context of a radical critique of traditional literary and cultural studies have been retooled and redeployed to serve these traditions. In the process, the trauma metaphor, initially adopted in a spirit of interdisciplinary collaboration, has helped reestablish literary and cultural studies as exclusive and anti-interdisciplinary academic fields. Cathy Caruth’s 1996 Unclaimed Experience represents the most influential, perhaps the foundational text of deconstructive trauma studies (see also Caruth, Trauma: Explorations in Memory). All the key elements of the new trauma discourse are for the first time fully developed in this volume. Like many other scholars, Caruth defines trauma as an experience consisting of two components that the trauma victim never manages to reconcile with each other. A severe mental and maybe also physical injury
Superacidity and Superelectrophilicity of BF3−Carbonyl Complexes

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTSuperacidity and Superelectrophilicity of BF3−Carbonyl ComplexesJianhua Ren, Christopher J. Cramer, and Robert R. SquiresView Author Information The Department of Chemistry, Purdue University West Lafayette, Indiana 47907 The Department of Chemistry and Supercomputer Institute, University of Minnesota Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 11, 2633–2634Publication Date (Web):March 9, 1999Publication History Received30 November 1998Published online9 March 1999Published inissue 1 March 1999https://doi.org/10.1021/ja9840899Copyright © 1999 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views640Altmetric-Citations36LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (58 KB) Get e-AlertsSUBJECTS:Acidity,Aldehydes,Anions,Carbonyls,Lewis acids Get e-Alerts
Development of a risk prediction model for Alzheimer's disease based on the UK Biobank prospective study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background Early prevention and intervention for Alzheimer's disease (AD) are critical due to the absence of effective therapeutic treatment. However, a widely accepted risk prediction model for AD has yet to be established. Objective To develop a novel risk prediction model for AD by leveraging recent advances in identifying risk factors, focusing on multi-omics data. Methods Genetic data from the UK Biobank were employed to calculate the polygenic risk score (PRS) using the clumping and thresholding (C + T) method. Univariate Cox regression and Elastic Net Cox models were utilized to identify significant predictors in the training cohort. Subsequently, a multivariate Cox regression model was developed to construct the prediction model, which was visualized using a nomogram. The performance of the model was evaluated through calibration curves, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, and the Hosmer-Lemeshow test. Results Ten risk factors, including age, education, family history of dementia, diabetes, depression, hypertension, anemia, coronary heart disease (CAD), falls and PRS, were identified as significant predictors through Cox regression and Elastic Net Cox model. The model demonstrated strong predictive performance, with area under the curves (AUCs) of 0.864 [95% CI: (0.814, 0.911)], 0.860 [95% CI: (0.842, 0.876)], and 0.842 [95% CI: (0.819, 0.863)] at 5, 10, and 14 years, respectively, in the validation cohort. Conclusions Incorporating colocalized single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) into the PRS derived using the C + T method significantly enhances predictive accuracy. This study highlights the importance of integrating multimodal patient data, including colocalized genetic information, to refine AD risk prediction.
Gas in the superior mesenteric artery

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A woman aged 83 years with mediastinal tumour was admitted to our hospital with 2 days of abdominal pain. She had reduced consciousness and abdominal tenderness with peritoneal signs. Vital signs, physical examination and laboratory findings indicated sepsis and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) with pan-peritonitis. Contrast-enhanced CT showed lack of enhancement in the intestinal and caecal wall, with intramural gas (figure 1A), portal venous gas (figure 1B) and gas in …
A Cellular Mechanism of Leptin Mediated Responses in Mouse NTS Neurons

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) in the medulla is the site of first synapse for sensory afferents of the vagal and glosspharyngeal nerves. A dense termination of sensory input reflects a key function of the NTS as an integrative center for a number of vitally important homeostatic reflexes such as cardiovascular, respiratory and visceral reflexes. Little is known concerning the cellular rules of information integration in the NTS, especially how the metabolic state influences respiratory output. Leptin is an anorexigenic cytokine acting through activation of specific G‐protein‐coupled receptors (GPCRs). Leptin receptors are expressed in the NTS, but the mechanism of action following their activation remains unclear. Moreover, the precise identity of the cells expressing the leptin receptor in the NTS is also elusive. Our study has two main goals: 1‐ to uncover the expression of individual genes that identify neuronal subpopulations of cells expressing the leptin receptor; and 2‐ to identify the ion channel(s) mediating the action of leptin in these different cellular populations. To pursue these goals we combine genetic tagging of leptin receptor expressing neurons, electrophysiological recordings and single cell RT‐PCR to test the expression of candidate channels and neuropeptides. Our data show that NTS leptin receptor expressing neurons belong to two distinct populations characterized by different firing patterns (bursting vs. regular firing). Further, we found that leptin receptor activation leads to membrane depolarization that is mediated by a cationic conductance. This mechanism appears to be the same in both the cell populations. The PCR data suggest that the conductance activated by leptin is, at least in part, mediated by NALCN channels. Support or Funding Information This study was supported by NIH grant HL122921
Protection and Preservation of the Marine Environment

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Zastita i ocuvanje morskog okolisa obrađuje se u svezi s prevencijom i građanskopravnom odgovornoscu. Ova se materija uređuje brojnim međunarodnim i nacionalnim propisima (u radu se izlažu hrvatski propisi) a odnose se na razna ishodista i stetne tvari.
Motion planning of networked multi-vehicle system with hybrid measurement model

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents a new motion planning method of a multi-vehicle system in which vehicles can mutually measure the location of other vehicles when distances between vehicles are close. The mutual measurement method reduces uncertainty of location estimation by providing additional information. We propose a motion planning method based on the existence of maximal distance of mutual measurement. We formulate a multi-vehicle system with some disturbance and a new hybrid measurement model. The new model is a hybrid of maximal distance of mutual measurement and Kalman filter. The receding horizon control method is shown to be applicable to the new hybrid measurement model. We demonstrate the validity of our new hybrid measurement model in computer simulation.
STRUCTURAL EVALUATION AND OVERLAY THICKNESS DESIGN OF AIRPORT ASPHALT PAVEMENT BY DYNAFLECT DEFLECTIONS

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper deals with the newly established method for structural evaluation and overlay thickness design of airport asphalt pavement by the use of dynaflect. From analyses of deflections measured at several airports in Japan, dynaflect deflection has proven to be an excellent parameter to indicate structural capacity of airport asphalt pavement. It was also shown that the two-layer elastic theory is a powerful tool to estimate the elastic moduli of pavement components from a set of dynaflect deflections. A new overlay thickness design procedure was developed making use of the three-layer elastic theory. In order to show the applicability of this procedure to an actual problem, it was demonstrated that deflections after overlay can be predicted with high accuracy and reasonable overlay thicknesses can be obtained by the proposed method. (Author/TRRL)