jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Abstract P2013: Transcription Fidelity Dysregulation In Heart Failure Pathogenesis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Using deep sequencing combined with computational biology, we found that the failing human hearts (n=3) contain a significant amount of aberrant transcripts arising from widespread spurious intragenic transcription initiations. The same phenomenon was detected in failing mouse hearts (n=3) induced by pressure overload and ischemia injury. Therefore, we hypothesize that spurious transcripts accumulation is a causative factor promoting heart failure (HF). The SET domain containing 2 (Setd2), an H3K36 tri-methylase, is a key regulator for transcription fidelity. The Setd2 modified H3K36me3 prevents RNA polymerase II (Pol II) entry from the gene body and the subsequent cryptic transcription initiation. In the same cohort of failing human and mouse hearts, we found that the SETD2 and H3K36me3 levels were concurrently reduced. To further test our hypothesis, we generated cardiac-specific Setd2-Knockout mice. The mice (n≥8) developed a typical HF progression phenotype: initial compensatory hypertrophy followed by a gradually deteriorating HF with chamber dilation. Transcriptome analysis revealed an accumulation of spurious transcripts in pre-hypertrophic Setd2 -/- cardiomyocytes (n=3). New intragenic transcription initiation sites were identified by DECAP-seq in the knockout (n=3), confirming that the increased aberrant transcripts resulted from spurious Pol II entry. Using ribosome footprinting assay (n=3) to map the translation initiation sites, we found that the aberrant transcripts were partially translated into micro peptides in the Setd2 -/- heart, suggesting that the accumulated aberrant transcripts and micro peptides together promote cardiac hypertrophy. Finally, we developed transgenic mice overexpressing human SETD2 (Tg-MHC-SETD2) in the heart. SETD2 overexpression repressed TAC-induced accumulation of spurious transcripts in cardiomyocytes (n=3). The transgenic mice (n≥6) were resistant to pressure overload stress with less cardiac hypertrophy and improved cardiac contractility. Together, we report that dysregulated transcription fidelity causes adverse aberrant transcripts accumulation leading to cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. This new mechanism provides potential new therapeutic targets for HF.
7 W laser diode end-pumped Nd:YVO4 passively mode-locking laser with a semiconductor saturable absorber mirror

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A powerful and stable LD end pumped Nd:YVO4 passively mode-locking oscillator by SESAM was demonstrated. At the pumping power of 30 W, 7 W output was obtained with repetition rate of 79.5 MHz and pulse duration of 15 ps. The beam quality factors M 2 were measured to be 1.30 and 1.33, respectively.
New agents for treatment of systemic fungal infections

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

AbstractSystemic antifungal chemotherapy is enjoying its most dynamic era. More antifungal agents are under development than ever before, including agents in entirely new classes. Major goals of current investigations are to identify compounds with a wide spectrum of activity, minimal toxicity and a high degree of target specificity. The antifungal drugs in development include new azoles (voriconazole, posaconazole (formerly SCH56592), ravuconazole [formerly BMS-207147]), lipid formulations of amphotericin B, a lipid formulation of nystatin, echinocandins (VER-002 [formerly, LY303366], caspofungin [formerly MK-991], FK463), antifungal peptides other than echinocandins and sordarin derivatives. This discussion reviews the currently available antifungal agents and summarises the developmental issues that surround these new systemic antifungal drugs.Keywordsamphotericin Bamphotericin B colloidal dispersionamphotericin B lipid complexantifungal peptidecaspofunginFK463fluconazoleitraconazoleketoconazoleliposomal amphotericin Bliposomal nystatinposaconazoleravuconazolesordarinVER-002voriconazole
Safety of lumbar puncture in comatose children with clinical features of cerebral malaria

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We assessed the independent association of lumbar puncture (LP) and death in Malawian children admitted to the hospital with the clinical features of cerebral malaria (CM).This was a retrospective cohort study in Malawian children with clinical features of CM. Allocation to LP was nonrandom and was associated with severity of illness. Propensity score-based analyses were used to adjust for this bias and assess the independent association between LP and mortality.Data were available for 1,075 children: 866 (80.6%) underwent LP and 209 (19.4%) did not. Unadjusted mortality rates were lower in children who underwent LP (15.3% vs 26.7% in the no-LP group) but differences in covariates between the 2 groups suggested bias in LP allocation. After propensity score matching, all covariates were balanced. Propensity score-based analyses showed no change in mortality rate associated with LP: by inverse probability weighting, the average risk reduction was 2.0% at 12 hours (95% confidence interval -1.5% to 5.5%, p = 0.27) and 1.7% during hospital admission (95% confidence interval -4.5% to 7.9%, p = 0.60). Undergoing LP did not change the risk of mortality in subanalyses of children with severe brain swelling on MRI or in those with papilledema.In comatose children with suspected CM who were clinically stable, we found no evidence that LP increases mortality, even in children with objective signs of raised intracranial pressure.
Exploring the Knowledge Levels of Bankers on Health Risks of Overweight and Obesity

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract

Background: Overweight and obesity are becoming serious public health menace in the world today. Weight gain is skyrocketing across the globe due to growing economy, fast food expansion and a shift towards more sedentary living. However, most people lack knowledge regarding risks associated with overweight and obesity. Aim: The study aimed to explore the knowledge level of bankers in the Ho Municipality on the health risks associated with overweight and obesity. Methodology: A cross-sectional study design with quantitative method was employed. The study spanned from September 7, 2018 to April 25, 2019. A self-administered questionnaire and convenience sampling technique were used to obtain data. Data were analysed using IBM SPSS Statistics 21 Developer and the results presented in statistical tables and graphs. Results: Of 136 participants investigated, 67 (49.3%) were between 31 - 40 years. 2 participants (1.5%) were underweight, 49(36.0%) had normal weight, 43(31.6%) were overweight while 42 (30.9%) were obese. The study revealed that female bankers were prone to overweight (37.78%) while the males were prone to obesity (56.52%). Participants generally had low knowledge and awareness on health risks of overweight and obesity. Conclusion: Most bankers in the Ho Municipality were overweight and obese due to insufficient knowledge and low awareness on the risks associated with overweight and obesity. Public education and awareness creation are urgently needed to stem the tide.
Releasing Metal-Coordination Capacity of Cucurbit[6]uril\nMacrocycle in Pseudorotaxane Ligands for the Construction of Interwoven\nUranyl–Rotaxane Coordination Polymers

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

As an emerging type of actinide hybrid\nmaterial, uranyl–rotaxane coordination polymers (URCPs) with\nnew coordination patterns and topological structures are still desired.\nIn this work, we propose a new strategy to construct URCPs by promoting\nthe simultaneous coordination of both the wheel and axle moieties\nin pseudorotaxane linkers with metal nodes. Starting from a series\nof cucurbit[6]­uril (CB[6])-based pseudorotaxane ligands, <b>C<i>n</i>BPCA</b>@CB­[6] [<b>C<i>n</i>BPCA</b> = 1,1-(α,ω-diyl)­bis­[4-(ethoxycarbonyl)­pyridin-1-ium]\nbromides, where <i>n</i> = 5–8] with slightly deformed\nCB[6], four new URCPs (<b>URCP1</b>, <b>URCP3</b>, <b>URCP4</b>, and <b>URCP5</b>) with interwoven network structures,\nas well as another noninterwoven polymer­(<b>URCP2</b>), have\nbeen successfully prepared. According to single-crystal structure\nanalysis, we attribute the interwoven structures of the URCPs to the\ndistortion of CB[6] in pseudorotaxane ligands with shorter or longer\nspacers (C5, C7, and C8). This indicates that the deformation could\neffectively diminish the steric hindrance around the portals, thus\nendowing the “inert” CB[6] host with coordination ability\nlike the string molecule. Besides, the participation of water molecules\nand sulfate anions in the uranyl coordination sphere is also found\nto have a great influence on the final structures of the obtained\nURCPs. The successful preparation of interwoven URCPs in this work\ngives some new insights into the metal coordination of supramolecular\nentities and could facilitate other new applications of CB[6]-based\npseudorotaxane ligands. Most importantly, the strategy proposed in\nthis work provides some hints in the controllable design of metal–organic\nrotaxane frameworks with unique topologies.
Distribution of Florisphaera profunda and Helicosphaera carteri in down core and surface sediments

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

A detailed assessment of the respective roles of production, export, and subsequent preservation of organic carbon (Corg) in the eastern Mediterranean (EMED) sediments during the formation of sapropels remains elusive. Here we present new micropaleontological results for both surface samples taken at several locations in the EMED and last interglacial sapropel S5 from core LC21 in the southeastern Aegean Sea. A strong exponential anticorrelation between relative abundances of the lower photic zone coccolithophore Florisphaera profundain the surface sediments and modern concentrations of chlorophyll a (Chl-a) at the sea surface suggests thatF. profunda percentages can be used to track past productivity changes in the EMED. Prior to S5 deposition, an abrupt and large increase of F. profunda percentages in LC21 coincided (within the multidecadal resolution of the records) with the marked freshening of EMED surface waters. This suggests a strong coupling between freshwater-bound surface to intermediate water (density) stratification and enhanced upward advection of nutrients to the base of the photic zone, fuelling a productive deep chlorophyll maximum (DCM) underneath a nutrient-starved surface layer. Our findings imply that (at least) at the onset of sapropel formation physical and biogeochemical processes likely operated in tandem, enabling high Corg accumulation at the seafloor.
Hegel and Formal Idealism

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract I offer a new reconstruction of Hegel's criticism of Kant's idealism. Kant held that we impose categorial form on experience, while sensation provides its matter. Hegel argues that the matter we receive cannot guide our imposition of form on it. Contra recent interpretations, Hegel's argument does not depend on a conceptualist account of perception or a view of the categories as empirically conditioned. His objection is that, given Kant's dualistic metaphysics, the categories cannot have material conditions for correct application. This leads to subjectivism in the content of experience: the subject is given an implausibly strong role in determining what is the case. Hegel's own absolute idealism solves this problem.
E-COMMERCE AND INTERNET USE IN SMALL BUSINESSES: TRENDS AND ISSUES

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This paper is part of a series of reports of the activities conducted under a grant from the Fund for Rural America, U.S. Department of Agriculture. Funds for the grant entitled "Enhancing Rural Economies Through Comprehensive Extension, Research & Partnering Approaches Using Multi-County Clusters in Michigan With Application to National Rural Settings" were received by Michigan State University's Department of Agricultural Economics in March, 1998. The major goal of the grant is to increase economic development activity in four clusters of rural counties in Michigan through the utilization of the resources of the Michigan State University Extension Service, Michigan Agricultural Experiment Station, and other resources of Michigan State University. Various local, state, and federal public partners as well as the private sector are co-sponsors of projects in the counties. This paper focuses on E-commerce issues and applications for small businesses and communities providing information on recent developments of E-commerce businesses and approaches to successes in Internet marketing. Details of the paper rely on materials used for E-commerce training programs co-sponsored by the project, responses from businesses participated in the training and review of available digital economic and business literature that highlights key elements and benefits of E-commerce to small businesses.
Radiative corrections to the Dalitz plot of K_{l3}^0 decays

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A model-independent expression for the Dalitz plot of semileptonic decays of neutral kaons, K_{l3}^0, including radiative corrections to order (α/π)(q/M_1), where q is the momentum transfer and M_1 is the mass of the kaon, is presented. The model dependence of radiative corrections is kept in a general form within this approximation, which is suitable for model-independent experimental analyses. Expressions for bremsstrahlung radiative corrections are presented in two forms: one with the triple integral over the kinematical variables of the photon ready to be performed numerically and the other one in a fully analytical form. The final result is restricted to the so-called three-body region of the Dalitz plot and it is not compromised to fixing the values of the form factors at predetermined values.
Demand forecasting: AI-based, statistical and hybrid models vs practice-based models - the case of SMEs and large enterprises

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Demand forecasting is one of the biggest challenges of post-pandemic logistics. It appears that logistics management based on demand prediction can be a suitable alternative to the just-in-time concept. This study aims to identify the effectiveness of AI-based and statistical forecasting models versus practice-based models for SMEs and large enterprises in practice. The study compares the effectiveness of the practice-based Prophet model with the statistical forecasting models, models based on artificial intelligence, and hybrid models developed in the academic environment. Since most of the hybrid models, and the ones based on artificial intelligence, were developed within the last ten years, the study also answers the question of whether the new models have better accuracy than the older ones. The models are evaluated using a multicriteria approach with different weight settings for SMEs and large enterprises. The results show that the Prophet model has higher accuracy than the other models on most time series. At the same time, the Prophet model is slightly less computationally demanding than hybrid models and models based on artificial neural networks. On the other hand, the results of the multicriteria evaluation show that while statistical methods are more suitable for SMEs, the prophet forecasting method is very effective in the case of large enterprises with sufficient computing power and trained predictive analysts.
HARMONIZATION OF BRAKING REGULATIONS--REPORT NO. 1 EVALUATION OF THE FIRST PROPOSED TEST PROCEDURE FOR PASSENGER CARS. VOLUME I

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Twenty-nine vehicles were tested to the first proposed version of a harmonized international braking regulation test procedure to evaluate the procedure and to obtain a data base to be used in the future development of harmonized performance requirements. Although the test procedure was proposed for passenger cars only, six of the twenty-nine vehicles tested were in the light truck or multipurpose vehicle category and were included to evaluate the suitability of the procedure for these classes of vehicles which are expected to be addressed in future braking standards harmonization efforts. In addition to tests to the proposed procedure, tests were also conducted to evaluate a number of issues that have been raised by various parties participating in the harmonization efforts. This report, which is the first in a series of reports that will be published by NHTSA's Vehicle Research and Test Center as the harmonization effort progresses, presents a description of the test program and an analysis of the results. It includes: descriptions of vehicles, instrumentation and test site; detailed data sheets, vehicle performance summaries and graphs; a discussion of results and a critique of the procedure.
Dielectric properties of CaF2 single crystals irradiated with X-rays under a high electric field or γ-rays

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The dielectric constant (K), loss (tan δ) and hence the dielectric conductivity (σ) of CaF2 single crystals under different conditions are measured in the frequency region 102 to 107 Hz and in the temperature range 30 to 400 °C. The different conditions are when the crystals are (i) quenched from 800 °C, (ii) X-ray irradiated under an electric field of 10 kV/cm (AC or DC), (iii) γ-ray irradiated or (iv) subjected to a combination of these treatments. The dielectric properties of CaF2 are significantly affected due to the charged defects produced in it by these treatments. An attempt is made to understand the results and it is concluded that quenched CaF2 crystals X-ray irradiated under a DC field 10 kV/cm, contain the largest concentration of charged defects. Die Dielektrizitätskonstante (K), der Verlustwinkel (tan δ) und somit die dielektrische Leitfähigkeit (σ) von CaF2-Einkristallen unter verschiedenen Bedingungen werden im Frequenzbereich 102 bis 107 Hz und Temperaturbereich 30 bis 400 °C gemessen. Diese verschiedenen Bedingungen sind: (i) die Kristalle werden von 800 °C abgeschreckt, (ii) die Kristalle werden in einem elektrischen Feld von 10 kV cm (Gleich- oder Wechselfeld) röntgenbestrahlt, (iii) γ-bestrahlt oder (iv) einer Kombination dieser Behandlungen ausgesetzt. Die dielektrischen Eigenschaften von CaF2 werden signifikant durch geladene Defekte beeinflußt, die bei diesen Behandlungen erzeugt werden. Es wird versucht, die Ergebnisse zu verstehen, und es wird angenommen, daß abgeschreckte CaF2-Kristalle, die unter einem Gleichspannungsfeld von 10 kV/cm röntgenbestrahlt werden, die größte Konzentration geladener Defekte enthalten.
Assessment of genetic variability estimates in Kodo millet Paspalum scrobiculatum (L.)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Kodo millet (Paspalum scrobiculatum L.) genotypes were evaluated at Agricultural Research Station, Vizianagaram to assess genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance for six yield contributing traits. The ANOVA revealed significant differences among eighteen genotypes for all the characters included under study except plant height, number of productive tillers per plant and fodder yield. Moderate PCV was recorded for fodder yield followed by grain yield and plant height whereas the GCV for all the characters were low compared to PCV indicating the interaction of genotypes with the environment. High heritability was recorded for days to maturity and days to 50% flowering. The maximum genetic advance as percent of mean was observed for days to 50% flowering followed by days to maturity. High heritability coupled with moderate genetic advance as percent of mean was recorded for days to 50% flowering indicating that these traits are under influence of both additive and non-additive gene action and selection may be effective for this trait. Grain yield per plant recorded moderate heritability with moderate genetic advance as percent mean which also indicates presence of both additive gene action and this trait was found to be significantly and positively correlated with days to 50% flowering, days to maturity and fodder yield. Indirect selection for days to 50% flowering may help in better advancement for grain yield as flowering is supposed to be controlled by fewer genes with major effect compared to grain yield. The above yield components also exhibited positive inter-correlation among themselves.
Protective effects of carvacrol against diabetes‐induced reproductive damage in male rats: Modulation of Nrf2/HO‐1 signalling pathway and inhibition of Nf‐kB‐mediated testicular apoptosis and inflammation

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Diabetes mellitus, which causes many complications, also adversely affects reproductive system in men. Studies reported that natural antioxidants are effective in reducing important complication risks caused by diabetes. Carvacrol is an antioxidant phenolic monoterpene compound with therapeutic effect in various diseases found in essential oils of aromatic plants such as pepper, wild bergamot and thyme. We aimed to investigate the effects of carvacrol on diabetes-induced reproductive damage in male rats by evaluating the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway and Nf-kB-mediated apoptosis/inflammation and spermatological parameters. For this purpose, 74 Wistar albino male rats were used. The diabetes model was performed using single-dose intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin 55 mg/kg. Rats were fed with carvacrol 75 mg/kg/daily/gavage for 4 and 8 weeks. Rats were divided into four groups: control group, diabetic group, carvacrol group which fed with carvacrol and the diabetic group which fed with carvacrol. It was determined that carvacrol significantly decreased malondialdehyde levels, Bax,COX-2,Nf-kB protein expression levels, Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and significantly increased glutathione peroxidase, catalase activities, Bcl-2, Nrf2,HO-1 protein expression levels and it was determined that had a positive effect on spermatological parameters. In conclusion, the negative effects of diabetes in the male reproductive system can be prevented and/or reduced by giving carvacrol.
Virgin Birth and Bowel-Movement Death: Early Commentary on Dante, Inferno XI, 4-9

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The structure in allegory is thus somewhat complex.It declares the number three, among other things, and there is much beauty in it-or so the poet must have felt.Yet it is safe to guess that many a reader of the kind we so readily call "modern" will not share in the poet's feeling, even when such a structure is made visible to him in its broad outlines and several dimensions.With thought of such a reader, one might digress a moment to note our tendency to invoke his name whenever we wish to impute to the Middle Ages something which we sense is no longer to our taste, and note, too, that this "modern" is essentially a child of the Renaissance.It was in the time to which we give that much-debated name, a time (in Italy at least) following so closely on Dante's poem, that such relations as Dante has here affirmed in his three-fold structure were discredited as mere figments of the imagination. 1Thy Maker's maker, and thy father's mother, Thou hast light in dark; and shutt'st in little room, Immensity cloistered in thy dear womb. 2