jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
La educación jesuita en el Real Colegio de Naturales de Chillán y su relación con la estrategia educativa del padre José González de la Rivera, Chile (1700-1723)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In 1700, the Royal College of Naturals in Chillán was founded by royal decree of 1697, and was run by the Jesuits. This institution was established to educate the children of chiefs and was a key initiative in the regional evangelization process. The Jesuits understood that their mission was not limited only to founding schools and teaching classes, but also involved adapting to the needs of indigenous communities. This included preaching in the indigenous language and linguistically enriching their catechisms in order to facilitate the understanding and assimilation of Christian values. The creation of the school was the result of the joint efforts of the Corana and the Catholic Church.
[Immunosuppression, ongoing clinical trials].

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES: Monoclonal antibodies have been humanized to improve their duration of action and their tolerance. Lymphocyte-depleting humanized anti-CD3 antibodies are globally well tolerated. Coupled with an immunotoxin, Campath 1H, a humanized anti-CD3 antibody with specific anti-CD52 depleting properties which also depletes immunocompetent cells, is being tested. There is increasing interest in the use of monoclonal antibodies in combination with rapamycin. SIROLIMUS AND EVEROLIMUS: The half-life of sirolimus is twice that of everolimus. Otherwise quite similar, these compounds have dose-dependent side effects: leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, hyperlipidemia. There use allows a lower dosage for the calcineurin inhibitor. Sirolimus is particularly active in reducing intimal proliferation within the vessel walls. Precise indications at the present time include induction of tolerance, withdrawal of the calcineurin inhibitor, use of low-dose calcineurin inhibitor, and corticosteroid withdrawal. ELIMINATING THE SIDE EFFECTS OF CORTICOSTEROIDS: Complications resulting from the use of corticosteroids, particularly bone complications, are still a problem with the low doses used in long-term regimens for transplant recipients. Several means have been proposed to reduce the risk. Total withdrawal is possible, but the risk of an increased rate of acute rejection limits indications. It appears that total withdrawal then complete abstention is not compatible immunologically. IMMUNOSUPPRESSORS IN PERSPECTIVE: Three groups of compounds have immunosuppressor potential: anti-adhesion molecule antibodies, co-stimulation blockers, and molecules inhibiting T-lymphocyte activators and their signalization factors.
English Law and the Remedial Constructive Trust

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Journal Article English Law and the Remedial Constructive Trust Get access Paul Matthews Paul Matthews Withers, Solicitors12 Gough Square, Londonm EC4A 3DE Tel: +44(0( 171 936 1000 Fax: +44 (0) 171 936 2589 DX 160 London/Chancery Lane E-mail: pbm@withers.co.uk Web Site: http://www.withers.co.uk Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Trusts & Trustees, Volume 4, Issue 5, April 1998, Pages 14–17, https://doi.org/10.1093/tandt/4.5.14 Published: 01 April 1998
Multiple positive solutions for first-order impulsive integral boundary value problems on time scales

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we first present a class of first-order nonlinear impulsive integral boundary value problems on time scales. Then, using the well-known Guo-Krasnoselskii fixed point theorem and Legget-Williams fixed point theorem, some criteria for the existence of at least one, two, and three positive solutions are established for the problem under consideration, respectively. Finally, examples are presented to illustrate the main results. MSC: 34B10; 34B37; 34N05.
Energy price shocks and external balances

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Abstract This paper studies the impact of a wide set of energy price shocks on external balances using a two‐country framework comprising multiple sectors and endogenous energy production with convex costs. The paper disentangles different demand and supply shocks in the energy market through their distinct impact on external balances. It provides a theoretical confirmation of Kilian et al. (2009) and a theoretical foundation to the determining role of the non‐energy trade balance in the transmission of energy price shocks. The presence of durables also highlights the immediate channel through which energy prices impact the non‐energy trade balance.
Wild pear (Pyrus pyraster (L.) Burgsd.) fruit and seed morphology depending on fruit size

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Cilj istraživanja je utvrditi utjecaj veličine ploda divlje kruške (Pyrus pyraster (L.) Burgsd.) na morfološka svojstva ploda i sjemena. Plodovi divlje kruške uzrokovani su nasumično sa 10 stabla na području Žumberačkog gorja u jesen 2022. godine. Navedeni plodovi podijeljeni su u tri grupe prema njihovoj masi (mali (<10g), srednji (10 – 15g) I veliki (>15g)). Veličina ploda je imala statistički značajan utjecaj na sljedeća morfološka svojstva: masa ploda, duljina ploda, širina ploda, broj punih sjemenki, masa sviježeg sjemena po plodu, masa 1 svježeg sjemena i masa zračno-suhog sjemena po plodu; dok za indeks oblika ploda, broj šturih sjemenki, masa 1 zračno-suhog sjemena i udio suhe tvari nije zabilježena značajna razlika. Za sva navedena svojstva za koja je zabilježena značajna razlika, veliki plodovi su imali značajno najviše vrijednosti, dok su u većini slučajeva (sa iznimkom mase 1 svježe sjemenke) srednji plodovi imali značajno veće vrijednosti od malih plodova. Pri usporedbi korelacijskih koeficijenata sa različitim grupama veličine, vidljivo je da je veća veličina ploda značajno utjecala na broj punih sjemenki samo u srednjim i velikim plodovima. Također, vidljivo je da od parametara veličine ploda, masa i širina ploda, a ne duljina ploda, imaju glavni utjecaj na broj punih sjemenki. Provedena analiza glavnih komponenti rezultirala je s dvije funkcije koje su imale veće eigen vrijednosti od 1, i koje su objasnile 75.88% ukupne varijabilnosti. Veliki plodovi razlikuju se u odnosu na male i djelomično u odnosu na srednje po F1 osi. F1 os je uglavnom pod utjecajem mase ploda, duljine ploda, širine ploda, broja punih sjemenki, mase svježeg sjemena po plodu i mase suho-zračnog sjemena po plodu. Na temelju rezultata koji su dobiveni u ovom istraživanju može se zaključiti da za rasadničarsku proizvodnju sjemenjaka divlje kruške veći plodovi trebaju imati prednost zbog veće broja punih sjemenki.
Embedding Brains In Egg Yolk For Cryosectioning

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract Fifteen years ago, I learned from a neurologist how to embed perfused, glutaraldehyde-fixed rat brain in egg yolk (from store-bought, separated chicken eggs). The original technical note by Adoff (reference below) for whole dog brain tissue was used, and we adapted the procedure for rat brain. 1) Fix the whole brain, minus the meningas, in 10% formalin or glutaraldehydesucrose (1 % glutaraldehyde + 30% sucrose), then place in a specimen container of 30% sucrose, 10% formalin and 0.9% NaCl, The brain is left in this solution until it sinks (less than a week). This step prevents formation of ice crystals when freezing (The meninges must be removed, or the brain will not adhere to the egg yolk.).
Can patients be ‘attached’ to healthcare providers? An observational study to measure attachment phenomena in patient–provider relationships

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objectives To develop and assess the validity of measures of patients' attachment-related perceptions of experiences with healthcare providers (HCPs). Setting Online survey. Participants 181 people provided consent and 119 completed the survey (66%). Most participants were women (80%). Primary and secondary outcome measures Questions were developed to assess possible attachment functions served by an HCP and patients' attachment-related attitudes towards an HCP. Scales were constructed based on exploratory factor analysis. Measures of adult attachment, therapeutic alliance, perceived HCP characteristics and health utilisation were used to validate scales. Results Possible safe haven and secure base functions served by HCPs were strongly endorsed. A model with good fit (root mean square error of approximation=0.056) yielded 3 factors: ‘HCP experienced as supportive and safe’ (SUPPORT, α=0.94), ‘HCP experienced as aversive’ (AVERSE, α=0.86) and ‘more and closer contact wanted with HCP’ (WANT, α=0.85). SUPPORT was correlated with positive HCP characteristics and not with attachment insecurity. AVERSE was inversely correlated with positive HCP attributes and correlated with attachment insecurity. WANT was unrelated to positive HCP attributes, but correlated with attachment insecurity. Frequency of HCP contact was related to WANT (Kruskal-Wallis=21.9, p<0.001) and SUPPORT (Kruskal-Wallis=13.2, p=0.02), but not to AVERSE (Kruskal-Wallis=1.7, p=0.89). Conclusions Patients attribute attachment functions of secure base and safe haven to HCPs. SUPPORT is related to positive appraisal of HCP characteristics; AVERSE is associated with discomfort in the HCP relationship that is related with perceived HCP characteristics and patients' insecure attachment; WANT is associated with unmet needs for connection with an HCP related to insecure attachment, but not to perceived HCP characteristics. These scales may be useful in studying the application of attachment theory to the HCP–patient relationship.
Will the ICJ Objectively Assess the Statehood of Palestine? A Brief Reflection

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Is Palestine a state? The International Court of Justice ( ICJ ) is expected to address this question in the Case concerning Relocation of the United States Embassy to Jerusalem ( Palestine v. United States of America ) during the preliminary objections stage. In the meanwhile, scholars have discussed possible options that international law can offer to deal with the question of Palestine’s statehood. The suggestions include, for example, state recognition, the Vienna formula, etc. This article, however, envisages that in determining Palestine’s statehood the ICJ is likely to adopt an objective assessment test on the basis of international legal criteria of statehood.
A Design-Oriented Scaleable MMIC Spiral Inductor Model

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The experimental modelling of MMIC spiral-inductors is investigated. A new model is proposed which is valid up to the first resonance frequency. The scaleability of the model as a function of series inductance is investigated by the modelling of over 60 rectangular spiral inductors on GaAs and the accuracy is verified by the comparison of the model with the on-wafer variation of the measured inductors. The model shows an excellent accuracy and scaleability. Using only a limited number of inductors to create the model, the inductor layout can be optimized for the problem-at-hand. A model able to accurately fit the inductor's S-parameters at frequencies above resonance is also given. The accuracy is verified by the comparison of the model with the on-wafer variation of the measured inductors.
FOURIER TRANSFORMS INFRARED VIBRATIONAL CIRCULAR DICHROISM OF MATRIX ISOLATED MOLECULES

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

$^{1}$ D. W. Schlosser, F. Devlin, K. Jalkanen and P. J. Stephens, Chem. Phys. Lett. 88,286 (1982). Address of Henderson and Polavarapu: Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashaville, TN 37235
Sally-Ann Ashton, Michael Hughes. « Large, Late and Local? Scientific Analysis of Pottery Types from Al Mina », in : A. Villing, ed., The Greeks in the East. London, 2005, pp. 93-103.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

La question de savoir s’il s’agit d’importation ou d’imitation locale se pose pour de nombreux types céramiques fouillés par L. Woolley à Al-Mina. Le British Museum a ainsi décidé de procéder à des analyses chimiques sur du matériel conservé dans ce musée. Ainsi les cratères à feuilles de lierre que l’on croyait être une production locale proviennent en réalité des environs de Milet. De même les coupes à bandes peintes ne sont pas locales. Les petites cruches que Woolley avait prises pour des...
PGC-1α Determines the Formation of Neuronal Respiratory Chain Supercomplexes That Regulate Mitochondrial Function

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Loss of PGC-1α signaling is important in the development of experimental diabetic neuropathy (DN) [Choi J et al. Neurobiology of Disease, 2014. 64; 118-130]. In PGC- α knockout (KO) mice there is exacerbation of DN with loss of large and small myelinated fibers, loss of mitochondria (Mt) and DNA content, and increased protein oxidation. We have shown potential important functions of 35-kDa PGC-1α, a novel PGC-1α isoform in regulating Mt integrity. The focus of the present work was to analyze the respiratory chain complex integrity in neurons of PGC-1 α KO mice. In the respiratory supercomplexes of 1,030, 980, and 840 kDa, the levels of complexes 1,030 and 980 kDa are significantly decreased, while the level of 840-kDa complex is significantly increased in PGC-1 α KO mice compared to wild type (WT) mice. Mass spectrometry analysis identifies; (1) subunits of complex I, III, and IV in the 1,030-kDa band, 2) subunits of complex I and III in the 980-kDa band, and (3) subunits of complex I in the 840-kDa band. Quantification results reveal that the activities of complexes I, III, and IV within the 1,030-kDa protein complex are significantly decreased in PGC-1α KO mice. In contrast, we observe little complex I, III, and IV activities either in the 980- or 840-kDa complex. We observed altered Mt morphology and impaired respiration in PGC-1 α KO mice. Co-immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry analyses reveal that the 35-kDa PGC-1α is associated with NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) flavoprotein 2 (NDUFV2), a subunit of respiratory complex I in the Mt. Immunoblot analysis combined with two-dimensional-blue native gel show the presence of both 35-kD α PGC-1α and NDUFV2 proteins in the 1,030-kDa protein band. These results are consistent with a cooperative role of 35-kDa PGC-1α and NDUFV2 in the organization of Mt respiratory supercomplex assembly. The study provides evidence that 35-kDa PGC-1α is present in the Mt where it could directly regulate Mt function and affect response to diabetes. Disclosure J. Choi: None. M. Salimian: None. S. Konduru: None. J. Russell: None.
Linking High-Harmonic Generation and Strong-Field Ionization in Bulk Crystals

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The generation of high-order harmonics in bulk solids subjected to intense ultrashort laser pulses has opened up new avenues for research in extreme nonlinear optics and light-matter interaction on subcycle time scales. Despite significant advancement over the past decade, a complete understanding of the involved phenomena is still lacking. High-harmonic generation in solids is currently understood as arising from nonlinear intraband currents, interband recollision, and ionization-related phenomena. As all of these mechanisms involve or rely upon laser-driven excitation, we combine measurements of the angular dependence of nonlinear absorption and high-order harmonic generation in bulk crystals to demonstrate the relation between high-harmonic emission and nonlinear, laser-induced ionization in solids. An unambiguous correlation between the emission of harmonics and laser-induced ionization is found experimentally, which is supported by numerical solutions of the semiconductor Bloch equations and an analytical model of orientation-dependent ionization rates using maximally localized Wannier functions.
Dual-Purpose Metal Inter-layer Via Utilization in Monolithic Three-Dimensional (M3D) Integration

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Monolithic three-dimensional integrated circuit (M3D-IC) technology can potentially improve transistor density, performance and power efficiency for future IC designs. To attain maximum benefits of M3D-IC technology, the silicon footprint overhead caused by metal inter-layer via (MIV) should be reduced because MIV passes through the silicon. In this paper, we present dual-purpose MIV utilization where MIV serves two purposes: 1. interconnect and 2. device terminal. The active devices that are formed by using MIV such as MIV-based capacitor and MIV-based transistor are studied in detail. We demonstrate the advantage of these dual-purpose MIV-based device utilization in on-chip circuits by implementing an inverter. Simulation results suggest that the inverter designed with our approach occupies 13844 nm 2 silicon area. The silicon area utilization of the inverter is reduced by up to 24% compared with the conventional transistor-level implementation of inverter in M3D-IC process by utilizing MIV-based transistor.
ADMINISTRATION OF OLD AGE HOMES: A CASE STUDY ON MOTHER MARTHA MEMORIAL TRUST: DEVA KRIPA SENIOR CITIZENS’ HOME ATTAVAR, MANGALORE

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The qualitative study conducted at Devakripa Senior Citizens' Home in Attavar, Mangalore, explores various aspects of the eldercare facility, focusing on financial sustainability, hiring policies, caregiver training, and infrastructural conditions. It encompasses extensive exploratory, archival, and observational research, as well as structured interviews. The study aims to identify key challenges and propose effective solutions to enhance resident care and operational efficiency. Key findings highlighted the need for comprehensive financial planning, improved hiring and training practices, reformed administrative policies, increased marketing efforts, and infrastructural improvements. The recommendations put forth include integrating services with local institutions, fostering community engagement, and conducting awareness programs on aging dynamics. These measures are designed to ensure the long-term sustainability and well-being of the residents, aligning with Mangalore's broader commitment to eldercare. KEY WORDS: Deva Kripa, old age homes,inmates, Financial planning, Administrative efficiency.
Spin Unlocked Vortex Beam Generation on Nonlinear Chiroptical Metasurfaces

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Optical vortices with spin and orbital angular momentum (SAM and OAM) states offer multiple degrees of freedom for manipulating optical fields and thus enable great potentials in optical information processing. Recently, the optical metasurface has become an important platform for vortex beam generation and steering. However, the strong spin-orbit interaction on such metasurfaces usually leads to spin locked OAM generation, which limits the complete control of the angular momentum state of light. Here, we propose to solve this constraint using geometric phase controlled nonlinear chiroptical metasurfaces. The metasurface consists of two types of plasmonic meta-atoms which have opposite handedness and exhibit a strong spin-dependent circular dichroism effect. By encoding specific phase singularities and phase gradients to different channels, we experimentally demonstrate the spin unlocked second harmonic beam steering. The proposed nonlinear chiroptical metasurfaces may have important applications in developing multifunctional nonlinear optical devices.
NORMATIVE AND LEGAL REGULATION OF SOCIAL POLICY IN MODERN UKRAINE

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The article is devoted to the topical issue of normative field formation of social policy in modern Ukraine. The purpose of the article is to define the concept and peculiarities of formation and implementation of social policy in modern Ukraine in the legal field. Methods of research applied: the specific search method (theoretical analysis, synthesis, systematization of existing legal documents) and the method of theoretical and structural clarification of the conceptual apparatus. It is established that «social policy» is a multifaceted concept: it is considered by scholars from different perspectives ‒ legal, economic, sociological, and pedagogical. Thus, each of the definitions presents a certain aspect of social policy in two ways: 1) as a set of measures of society and the State aimed at achieving social goals; 2) as the State policy whose main task is to ensure the State-building capabilities of society members. The authors substantiate the legal basis for the formation of social policy in Ukraine, based on the norms of international legal acts ratified by Ukraine (acts of the UN, ILO, Council of Europe, etc.) aimed at creating and ensuring the implementation of universally recognized humanistic and democratic world standards for solving social problems (the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the European Social Charter, the European Social Security Code, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, etc.). The analysis of the legal framework for social policy in Ukraine demonstrates the need for a thorough analysis and examination of social legislation with a view to determining its compliance with international standards; development of a model of the social state based on the rule of law, taking into account the objective conditions of society's life; formation of a new concept of interaction between the State and a person, etc.
MISDIRECTION AS A LINGUISTIC MANIPULATION

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Language is a powerful tool not only for communication but also for control. Although the language can be used to inform and persuade, it can also be misleading. The misleading function of language is directly used to misrepresent the current reality. The usage of a misleading function of language is called misdirection. Misdirection manipulates the listeners` attention, leading them away from facts and bringing false information. Misdirection as linguistic manipulation is a rhetorical strategy in which language is used intentionally to influence interpretation. This manipulation often relies on word choice, tone, and structure to guide perception in a way that benefits the speaker.