jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
An intelligent traffic management system based on the Internet of Things for detecting rule violations

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

One of the top priorities in smart cities is having an effective traffic management system. Traffic management systems greatly aid in the planning of traffic flow, the prevention of traffic accidents, and the reduction of traffic congestion. However, numerous challenges must be overcome due to the high utilization of many vehicles, a lack of sufficient workers to manage traffic flow, and the fact that traffic violations are sometimes not captured. Drivers who travel at excessively high speeds and those who violate traffic laws by making unwarranted lane changes and other manoeuvres are the most significant contributors to increased collisions. This problem must be addressed immediately to reduce the number of deaths that have occurred for no apparent reason. Because they are not designed to prevent excessive congestion, today's traffic control systems, mainly developed and directed by human specialists, must be revised. Tensor Flow, a machine learning platform and you only look once (YOLO), an object identification technique, is used in this study to propose a hybrid model for real-time vehicle recognition. The hybrid model is "you only look once" (Yolo). The proposed technique determines the improvement of the YOLOv3 algorithm in-vehicle detection systems over the previous model by integrating these two dependencies with other requirements and using Python as the programming language. The proposed hybrid model computes the data from a surveillance camera near the traffic signal. This camera is linked to the city's traffic servers. Suppose any vehicle crosses the device while violating the traffic above regulation. The information must be detected and transmitted to the server immediately. Furthermore, it will be easier to determine who was responsible for violating the traffic regulation, making it easier for the traffic department to enforce the laws strictly. Signal jumps are determined using the region of interest and the vehicle's location throughout the frames. After being optimized for accuracy, the proposed model has an approximate accuracy of 93.83%which will help reduce the number of daily accidents.
Changes of placental three-dimensional power Doppler ultrasonography in third trimester among hypertensive disorders complicating pregnancy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Hypertensive disorders complicating pregnancy (HDCP) represent a systemic condition specific to pregnant women. Three-dimensional (3D) power Doppler ultrasonography is a technique that utilizes erythrocyte density, scattered intensity, or energy distribution in the bloodstream for imaging purposes. This study aimed to compare the changes in 3D power Doppler ultrasonography parameters in late pregnancy between patients with HDCP and those without HDCP, and to evaluate the predictive value of these parameters for pregnancy outcomes in patients with HDCP. The study included 160 pregnant women diagnosed with HDCP and 100 pregnant women without HDCP, who served as the control group. 3D power Doppler ultrasonography was performed, and the values of the vascularization index (VI), flow index (FI), and vascularization flow index (VFI) were measured. In the HDCP group, the VI, FI, and VFI were all lower than those observed in patients without HDCP. In HDCP patients with positive outcomes, these three parameters were higher than those recorded in patients with negative outcomes. The area under the predicted curve (AUC) for VI, FI, VFI, and the combination of these three parameters were 0.69, 0.63, 0.66, and 0.75, respectively. The parameters of 3D power Doppler ultrasonography can reflect the perfusion status of the placenta and predict the outcome of pregnancy in patients with HDCP. By monitoring these relevant hemodynamic parameters, valuable information can be provided for the clinical diagnosis, objective evaluation, and treatment of HDCP.
Anxiety—genuine or spurious?

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

In this essay I use contemporary accounts, often journalistic, of the extremely anxious condition that young adults, “quarter lifers,” appear to be suffering in large numbers. Their anxiety is often characterized by a paralyzing inability to accomplish the most trivial seeming tasks, while nonetheless working successfully at their jobs. They express bitter disappointments about the state of their lives, when their dreams—framed largely by their parents—have failed to materialize. Why this rise in anxiety— not only in the numbers of diagnoses and treatments we are now seeing—but in young adults’ experience of it as a semi-permanent condition? The answer lies in Freud’s somewhat difficult 1925 essay, “Inhibitions, Symptoms and Anxiety,” in which Freud links anxietywith “animal phobias” and “agoraphobias.” Unlike with the other two neurotic indicators (inhibitions and symptoms), anxiety is not an unconscious repression of enjoyment. Instead anxiety stages a unique reenactment of both Oedipus and castration anxiety simultaneously: the anxious person is pulled by contrary impulses, wanting to earn the Father’s love by giving up Oedipal desires (out of fear of castration by the Father), and a unique return of Oedipus (desire to possess the Mother by wishing their Father dead). Freud’s example is Little Hans, he of the horse phobia. The agoraphobia of today’s young adults is prime example of anxiety as the psychical inability to leave home or live their life outside their parents’ restrictive and narrow version of what their child’s life “ought to be.”
Comparative study of media for lymphocyte culture in Marathwadi buffalo

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Cytogenetic investigation was undertaken in Marathwadi buffalo by short-term lymphocytes culture technique to compare and evaluate in terms of mitotic drive and mitotic index for their suitability for culturing of Marathwadi buffaloes lymphocytes for chromosomal studies. The media compared were RPMI 1640 and TC 199 for their efficacy in terms of mitotic drives and mitotic indices. Mean mitotic drives obtained with RPMI 1640 and TC 199 respectively were 56.03 ± 1.05 and 47.03 ± 0.42 per cent for Marathwadi buffalo lymphocytes. The corresponding mitotic indices were 1.04 ± 0.05 and 0.63 0.03 per cent. The media differed significantly (p < 0.05) for both mitotic drives and mitotic indices for Marathwadi buffalo lymphocytes. The medium RPMI 1640 was found to be superior to TC 199 for culturing Marathwadi buffalo lymphocytes.
Web services for handheld tactical systems

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) is an architectural pattern for constructing and deploying systems characterized by components called services that can be composed into applications using standard interface formats. While service orientation can reduce integration cost and enhance agility in response to changing situations, it has not been widely applied to support mobile users in ad hoc, wireless computing environments common to tactical military situations and first responders to humanitarian disasters. These environments are impoverished in terms of computational resources and network characteristics. This paper describes a set of prototypes that demonstrate the use of SOA in tactical environments in which users are employing handheld devices to obtain situational awareness data.
A Pairwise Homogeneity Active Learning Authors

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Machine Learning has becoming an emerging topic within data mining. The active learning is also an upcoming topic. Active learning is the process of labeling unlabeled data instances by using queries and the labeling process will be done by expert labelers such as an oracle. The process of labeling will be very expensive and time consuming. The proposed method called a pairwise homogeneity active learning method which is an unsupervised label refinement method by using a pairwise homogeneity between the pair of data instances which improves the quality of the label. In this method we use a non expert labeler to provide the class label for data instances. The experimental results shows that the proposed method improves the labeling quality of the data instances which are being labeled.
Kinetics and mechanisms of dissociation of metal chelates. Part 3. Effects of ions on the acid hydrolysis of tris(1,10-phenanthroline)iron(II) perchlorate

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The rate of acid hydrolysis of the title complex cation, [Fe(phen)3]2+, has been investigated in the presence of varying concentrations of HCl, LiCl, NaCl, KCl, [NH4]Cl, NaBr, KBr, [NH4]Br, MgCl2, CaCl2, SrCl2, BaCl2, and MgBr2. In each system, the pseudo-first-order rate constant, kH2O, decreases linearly with increasing molality, m, of the added electrolyte. The degree of retardation is measured by the retardation constant, kr=ε/k0, where ε is the slope of the mean straight line obtained by least square from plots of kH2Ovs. m of the added salt, and k0 is kH2O for m= 0. The constant kr is linearly related to enthalpies and entropies of hydration, crystallographic radii of the added cations, reorientation times of water molecules around the ions, etc. It was concluded, as expected, that the degree of retardation of the rate of hydrolysis is related to the degree of formation of the 'structure of liquid water' induced by the added ions. Ion-pair formation and nucleophilic action as well as charge–radius effects are suggested as contributing to the effects of anions.
Galvanic sulphide oxidation as a metal-leaching mechanism and its environmental implications

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Following a brief review of the theoretical aspects of galvanic sulphide oxidation, the significance of galvanic interaction in the oxidation of natural mixed sulphide assemblages is demonstrated using test materials prepared from sulphide-containing rocks in a series of chemical and microbial weathering experiments. The test results indicate that: (1) metal leaching can effectively proceed even in a near-neutral environment; and (2) the occurrence of acid mine drainage can be delayed due to cathodic protection of an acid-generating sulphide such as pyrite from oxidative dissolution. While microbial mediation may enhance the weathering of sulphides with a high electrode potential, the competing galvanic processes diminish the dominating role of the microbes in effecting the oxidation of sulphides with a low electrode potential when the sulphides occur in a mixed assemblage. In-situ potential measurements on sulphide surfaces with micro-electrodes demonstrated the occurrence of a significant potential difference between a contacting sulphide pair sufficient to sustain galvanic interaction for the duration of the experiments. It is also shown that galvanic sulphide oxidation and hence metal leaching can occur even under an oxygenated water cover. Therefore, subaqueous disposal may not be the best management option for all reactive mine wastes, especially those containing metals or trace elements that remain mobile under near-neutral pH conditions.
Flavour, chemical and textural profile changes in accelerated ripened Gouda cheese

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This investigation was carried out to study the flavour, chemical and textural changes during the accelerated ripening of buffalo milk Gouda cheese. Gouda cheese was manufactured using heat-shocked cells of Lactobacillus helveticus and Flavorage enzymic preparation. Cheese was analysed for different attributes at pre-determined intervals. The study revealed that the flavour and body and texture developments were more rapid in the experimental cheeses. The pH, soluble protein and FFA values were higher in experimental cheeses than in the controls. Synergistic action of Lactobacillus helveticus and Flavorage resulted in the fastest changes in cheese. The Instron textural studies revealed that hardness, springiness, gumminess and chewiness decreased during ripening, whereas cohesiveness increased. All textural attributes, except cohesiveness, were lower in experimental cheese as compared to control.
Effects of marketing tactics relationship on customer loyalty from the perspective of Irancell customers

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The company's goal of creating long-term relationship with its customers is to reach their loyalty. Today for marketers, relationship marketing is more important for satisfying this purpose. Relationship marketing tactics are as marketing executive arms that cause retaining current customers and by means of a high quality communication makes trust and satisfaction and consequent customer loyalty. Despite competitors’ environmental factors and their advertisements, loyal customers keep purchasing and ensure the profitability of the company in this turbulent market. By investigating the past research studies and gathering information from reliable sources the relationship between relationship marketing tactics (quality of service, price perception, brand mentality and proposed value) on relationship quality (trust and customer satisfaction) which in turn will lead to increased loyalty of their customers, are surveyed among Irancell cellphone operator costumers. Required data based on an analytical framework for this study were distributed as questionnaire among students at the University of Sistan and Baluchestan in 2012 and research hypotheses were examined using multivariate linear regression test. The survey indicated that company was successful in the implementation of marketing tactics. Therefore, there are significant levels of customer satisfaction and trust and thus win their loyalty (90 percent).
Vegetative phase change in sweet corn populations: Genetics and relationship with agronomic traits (vegetative phase change in open-pollinated sweet corn)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Vegetative development in maize can be divided into juvenile and adult phases, each, with distinct anatomy and physiology. Transition from juvenile to adult vegetative growth may have some adaptive value since adult leaves have increased photosynthetic rates, xeromorphism, and resistance to certain insects and diseases. Variation in the timing of this transition (i.e., the node(s) at which phase change occurs) may be associated with agronomic performance. Our objectives were to investigate the genetics of the timing of vegetative phase change and the relationship between phase-specific developmental and agronomically important traits in a diallel among open-pollinated sweet corn cultivars. Significant variability existed for most developmental traits evaluated in this study. Environmental effects were significant for some traits, whereas genotype x environment interaction (G x E) was significant only for number of leaves above the ear. General combining ability was significant and specific combining ability was not significant for most phase-specific developmental traits. Last leaf with juvenile wax and first leaf with adult wax were positively correlated. Ear leaf and total leaf number were not correlated with other phase-specific developmental traits. Flowering time was negatively correlated with first leaf with adult wax but was not correlated with last leaf with juvenile wax or last node with adventitious roots, indicating that some aspects of vegetative phase change are not associated with the transition to reproductive growth. Yield was not associated with any developmental trait in this study. First leaf with adult wax and last leaf with juvenile wax may be useful in selection indices, since they were not influenced by the environment, had no G x E interaction in this study, and have been associated with insect and disease resistance in previous studies.
Effect of Cross-Linker Functionality on the Adhesion of Highly Cross-Linked Polymer Networks:  A Molecular Dynamics Study of Epoxies

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The effect of cross-linker functionality and interfacial bond density on the fracture behavior of highly cross-linked polymer networks bonded to a solid surface is studied using large-scale molecular dynamics simulations. Three different cross-linker functionalities (f = 3, 4, and 6) are considered. The polymer networks are created between two solid surfaces with the number of bonds to the surfaces varying from zero to full bonding to the network. Stress−strain curves are determined for each system from tensile pull and shear deformations. At full interfacial bond density the failure mode is cohesive. The cohesive failure stress is almost identical for shear and tensile modes. The simulations directly show that cohesive failure occurs when the number of interfacial bonds is greater than in the bulk. Decreasing the number of interfacial bonds results in cohesive to adhesive transition consistent with recent experimental results. The correspondence between the stress−strain curves at different f and the sequence of molecular deformations is obtained. The failure stress decreases with smaller f while failure strain increases with smaller f.
Time-domain test for material electromagnetic pulse shielding effectiveness based on shielding black-box windows method

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In order to remedy the deficiencies of time-domain test methods of shielding effectiveness (SE) of materials in common use, a method called windowed semi-anechoic box is used for time-domain test of the SE of materials. The impact of such factors on test results as the position of test points, box size, window size, thickness and conductivity of materials, etc., is analyzed in frequency-domain. The impact of the position of test point on peak ratio SE and the ratio of electromagnetic pulse (EMP) rise time unloaded and loaded materials against different rise time of EMP is analyzed in time-domain, in order to get some recommendations for the use of the method of windowed semi-anechoic box. The results show that the method of windowed semi-anechoic box can be used to distinguish the shielding performance of different materials for each frequency component and to evaluate the overall protection performance of materials against EMP.
Control of Photoinduced Charge Transfer Through Selective Cyanation of Spirofluorene‐Bridged N‐Heterotriangulenes

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract A series of selectively cyanated spirofluorene‐bridged N ‐heterotriangulenes ( N ‐HTAs) with three to nine cyano groups are synthesized via a newly developed synthetic strategy. X‐ray crystallographic analysis of the compounds revealed a tripod‐like molecular shape with the fluorenyl moieties arranged in a perpendicular fashion around the nitrogen‐centered N ‐HTA core. The solid state packing is found to be strongly influenced by the dipolar cyano functions. Under electrochemical conditions, the N ‐HTA core is prone to undergo a reversible one‐electron oxidation toward the nitrogen‐centered radical cation, which becomes increasingly difficult as the number of the cyano acceptors, and consequently the ionization potential, increases. While a clear bathochromic shift is observed in the steady‐state UV–vis absorption spectra, the fluorescence behavior is complex and strongly dependent on the position and number of the cyano groups. The compound with six cyano functions at the fluorenyl flanks is unique within the series and shows a broad emission maximum at 499 nm and an unusually large Stokes shift of 10 171 cm −1 . Time‐resolved absorption and fluorescence measurements, supported by quantum chemical calculations, identified this spectroscopic signature to originate from fast and robust photoinduced intramolecular charge transfer.
Anti-Suit Injunctions in SEP Disputes: A Constructivist Analysis of Institutional Conflict

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This article analyzes the growing use of anti-suit injunctions (ASIs) in standard-essential patent (SEP) disputes and the resulting procedural fragmentation in transnational litigation. It argues that ASIs have been increasingly weaponized by courts to secure jurisdictional advantage, triggering institutional distrust and escalating judicial conflict. Drawing on a comparative study of practices in the UK, US, China, and Germany, the article shows that divergences in ASI issuance reflect deeper legal traditions and judicial role conceptions, rather than purely strategic behavior. Adopting a constructivist approach, the article reframes SEP-related ASI disputes as conflicts of institutional identity, normative constraint, and procedural expectation. It proposes a three-tiered response: refining domestic ASI rules, restoring the normative force of international comity, and fostering judicial self-reflection on cross-border conduct. This framework seeks to restore procedural discipline and rebuild trust in the governance of global SEP litigation.
Attenuation of rodent lung ischemia–reperfusion injury by sphingosine 1-phosphate

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective. Lung ischemia–reperfusion (IR) injury, a sequela of transplantation characterized by alveolar damage, edema and inflammation in donor lungs, remains a significant cause of transplant failure despite improvements in lung preservation techniques. We investigated the effects of sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), a potent vascular barrier-protective agent, in a rat model of IR injury. Material and methods. S1P (26.5 mg/kg, i.v.) or vehicle was administered 15 min prior to ischemia via pulmonary artery ligation (1 h) and subsequent reperfusion (2 h). Lung vascular permeability and inflammation were assessed. Results. Animals pretreated with S1P exhibited reduced bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) inflammatory cells (32% decrease; p<0.05), BAL neutrophils (63% decrease; p<0.04), and BAL albumin content (57% decrease; p<0.04) compared to controls. Lung myeloperoxidase activity, an index of parenchymal leukocyte infiltration, was also attenuated in S1P-treated animals (63% decrease; p<0.05). Finally, consistent with the pronounced anti-inflammatory effects of S1P, BAL fluid from animals pretreated with S1P was notable for decreased levels of IL-6 (48% decrease; p<0.01), IL-1β (58% decrease; p<0.05), and IL-2 (92% decrease; p<0.001). Conclusion. Our findings suggest that S1P reduces IR injury and may serve as an effective adjunct to lung preservation strategies prior to transplantation.
INNOVATIVE UNDERWATER CUTTING PROCEDURES FOR THE DISMANTLING OF TWO GERMAN NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The two power stations, KRB A and VAK, represent the first generation of Boiling Water Reactors in Germany. VAK (Versuchsatomkraftwerk Kahl), located in Kahl, near Frankfurt, was Germany’s very first nuclear power plant and served mainly scientific purposes, while KRB A (Kernkraftwerk RWE-Bayernwerk, Block A), located in Gundremmingen, near Munich, was Germany’s first commercial reactor. Both plants are shut down and decommissioning is under way. Up to now more than 70 % of the systems have already been dismantled and decontaminated. In KRB A for instance about 6,500 tons of contaminated material has been treated, allowing to recycle 93 % and leaving only 7 % of radioactive waste for final storage. The actual work in both projects is focused on dismantling the reactor pressure vessels and its internal components. Besides extensive experiences in both plants with mechanical tools, like sawing, shearing and grinding, two innovative cutting procedures are applied for this purpose, i.e. plasma arc cutting and abrasive water suspension jet (AWSJ). The application of plasma cutting in KRB A and AWSJ-technique in VAK has qualified these procedures as state-of-the-art in the nuclear field.