jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Extracting Drug-Drug Interaction from Text Using Negation Features

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

La extracción de relaciones entre entidades es una tarea muy importante dentro del procesamiento de textos biomédicos. Se han desarrollado muchos algoritmos para este propósito aunque sólo unos pocos han estudiado el tema de las interacciones entre fármacos. En este trabajo se ha estudiado el efecto de la negación para esta tarea. En primer lugar, se describe cómo se ha extendido el corpus DrugDDI con anotaciones sobre negaciones y, en segundo lugar, se muestran una serie de experimentos en los que se muestra que tener en cuenta el efecto de la negación puede mejorar la detección de interacciones entre fármacos cuando se combina con otros métodos de extracción de relaciones.
Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement: Current Status and Future Perspectives in the Era of Catheter-Based Therapies

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aortic stenosis (AS) is the most prevalent valvular heart disease in the developed world. Over the past two decades, the treatment of AS has undergone a profound transformation with the introduction of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). TAVR has evolved from being an alternative treatment for patients with a prohibitive risk for surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR), to becoming the first-line therapy for low-surgical-risk patients over 75 years old. Recent data have shown a significant increase in TAVR procedures compared to SAVR, surpassing both isolated SAVR and all SAVR interventions in most registries worldwide. Nevertheless, SAVR remains a key option in clinical practice, especially for younger patients with a longer life expectancy, patients with a complex aortic anatomy unsuitable for TAVR, and patients needing additional surgical interventions. The aim of this review was to examine the current state and future perspectives of SAVR in the expanding era of transcatheter therapies. While TAVR is expected to expand further, SAVR will likely continue to play an important role in some clinical scenarios. A multidisciplinary approach by a “Heart Team” that considers specific clinical and anatomical factors is crucial for ensuring the best long-term outcome for each patient.
The nano scale bending and dynamic properties of isolated protein microtubules based on modified strain gradient theory

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

In this investigation, dynamic and bending behaviors of isolated protein microtubules are analyzed. Microtubules (MTs) can be considered as bio-composite structures that are elements of the cytoskeleton in eukaryotic cells and posses considerable roles in cellular activities. They have higher mechanical characteristics such as superior flexibility and stiffness. In the modeling purpose of microtubules according to a hollow beam element, a novel single variable sinusoidal beam model is proposed with the conjunction of modified strain gradient theory. The advantage of this model is found in its new displacement field involving only one unknown as the Euler-Bernoulli beam theory, which is even less than the Timoshenko beam theory. The equations of motion are constructed by considering Hamilton's principle. The obtained results are validated by comparing them with those given based on higher shear deformation beam theory containing a higher number of variables. A parametric investigation is established to examine the impacts of shear deformation, length scale coefficient, aspect ratio and shear modulus ratio on dynamic and bending behaviors of microtubules. It is remarked that when length scale coefficients are almost identical of the outer diameter of MTs, microstructure-dependent behavior becomes more important.
Medi-fraud, managerialism and the decline of medical autonomy: deprofessionalisation and proletarianisation reconsidered

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Medi-fraud remains a significant drain on the resources of the health system in Australia, despite the monitoring of doctor practices via Medicare. Federal and state governments have been unwilling to address the systemic causes of medi-fraud. However, the rise of managerialism and the consequent influence of economic rationalism over health policy is resulting in the medical system coming under scrutiny as hospital administrators search for cost containment. The required quantification of hospital practices and the introduction of competition principles into the public health sector have the potential to curtail medical autonomy and combat medi-fraud. Whilst such reforms may combat medi-fraud, they consequently may undermine the access and equity tenets of universal health insurance and result in the ultimate demise of Medicare itself.
Surface Electrical Capacitance as a Noninvasive Beside Measure of Epidermal Barrier Maturation in the Newborn Infant

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective. The classical studies of epidermal barrier function in infants have relied on measurement of transepidermal water loss by evaporimetry. This technique, although valuable, is, in practice, slow, expensive, and susceptible to error because of convective air currents. In this prospective study, we evaluated gestation-dependent and postnatal age-dependent changes in epidermal barrier function by measurement of skin surface electrical capacitance (SEC) in 40 newborn infants ranging from 25 to 40 weeks' gestational age. SEC was measured in picofarads with a dermal phase meter. Methodology. The measurements were recorded continuosuly during a 12-second period from the forehead at 12 to 24 hours of life. The baseline (CBL) surface hydration at 1 second and the rate of change of SEC during probe occlusion (CSL) were used as measures of surface hydration and transepidermal water movement, respectively. In the most premature infants (&lt;30 weeks), these measurements were repeated daily for 5 days. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance after logarithmic (Ln) transformation. Results. We found a significant difference in Ln(CBL) in infants born before and after 30 weeks' gestation (4.91 ± 0.36 Ln[pF] vs 2.67 ± 0.21 Ln[pF], respectively). Similarly, CSL was significantly different in infants born before and after 30 weeks' gestation (16.42 ± 5.55 pF/s vs 1.59 + 0.22 pF/s, respectively). In infants born at less than 27 weeks, both Ln(CBL) and CSL decreased significantly by postnatal day 5. In the term group (n = 25), CSL was significantly greater in white than in black infants (1.96 ± 1.32 pF/s vs. 0.95 ± 0.55 pF/s, respectively). Conclusion. These results demonstrate impaired epidermal barrier properties in immature infants, less than 30 weeks' gestation, and reveal a remarkable rate of barrier maturation of this group in the first few days of postnatal life. Also, the finding of decreased CSL in black infants supports the hypothesis of differences in barrier function attributable to skin types. Overall, these findings demonstrate the feasibility of bedside SEC measurements in the evaluation of epidermal barrier properties in the newborn infant.
The Functional Consequences of Rectal Cancer Surgery

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Total Mesorectal Excision (TME) represents the basis of treatment for rectal cancer. Oncological outcomes have improved significantly over the last 20 years, and now there is a shift towards reporting functional outcomes. Bowel, bladder and sexual function are frequently affected following TME, due to the intimate relationship between the rectum and other pelvic structures. 'Anterior Resection Syndrome' is present in 60-90% post-op. The duration of symptoms is quoted between six months and several years. Quality of life alone is not an indication to choose primary anastomosis over end colostomy, but the impact of different surgical techniques on GI disturbance is not well known. Pre-operative radiotherapy is associated with increased stool frequency and incontinence. Sexual function is more commonly affected after rectal surgery than urinary function, particularly in males. Urogenital functional outcomes in females are less well reported. Laparoscopic and robotic surgery allows better visualisation of autonomic nerves and therefore more precise dissection and preservation. It is important that procedures are standardised as much as possible, and that new research into functional outcomes uses validated outcome questionnaires, so that there is a body of homogeneous data available for metaanalysis.
Development and Sensory Acceptability of Granola with Red Dragon Fruit

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The objective of this project is to develop a granola bar with the incorporation of dried red dragon fruit. Four granola samples with different formulation (A, B, C and D) undergo BIB ranking test. The formulation with highest rank (formulation B) and granola control were used for proximate analysis, physicochemical properties analysis (antioxidant assay, texture analysis, color, total sugar content) and sensory evaluation. All of the proximate analysis results of granola control and granola sample (Formulation B) are having a significant difference, except ash content. Both granola control and sample can be claimed as high source of fiber, because both of them contain more than 6g of dietary fiber in every 100g of bars. The sensory test shows that the appearance, texture, flavor and taste have a significant difference between granola control and granola sample. Moreover, based on sensory analysis statistic, it shows that panelists have higher overall acceptability on granola bar with dried red dragon fruit, mainly due to its unique taste and attractive appearance. The acceptance index of granola sample (81.78%) is higher than granola control (70.67%).
Keywords: Red
Pemahaman Guru terhadap Implementasi Penguatan Pendidikan Karakter Peserta Didik di Satuan PAUD

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Building character in schools can be done well if teachers and educators understand the value of education. The understanding of educators in strengthening character education helps them design effective learning strategies and pay special attention to the development of student's character. This study aims to explain the extent to which teachers understand the implementation of strengthening character education in PAUD units with a qualitative approach. The strengthening of character education implemented in PAUD units is not going well due to the teacher's incomplete understanding of guidebooks from the Ministry of Education and Culture Directorate General of Early Childhood Education and Community Education Directorate of Early Childhood Education in 2019. This study founds that the subjects needed assistance in implementing a strengthening character education program in PAUD units.
Analysis of the surface heat balance over the world ocean

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

It is possible to estimate long term monthly mean latent and sensible heat fluxes over the ocean to within or approximately 20% relative accuracy of the bulk aerodynamic formulas, by using observations of the monthly mean surface wind speed and the monthly mean sea air temperature and humidity differences. It is possible to make an estimate of the fluxes on a month to month basis from monthly averaged surface data.
Of Eagles and Worms

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract In designing and practicing behavioral management methods effectively, both the finely directed focus of the worm and the broad perspective of the eagle are essential. Early successes of behavioral applications were constrained by failure to see the big picture, in terms of what the problem really was, what explained its evolution and persistence and from where the sources of the most powerful contingencies stemmed. A number of examples in education, human services, industry and other organizations are supplied to demonstrate that when the larger picture is examined first, it is possible to discover those powerful sources and intervene to optimize their influence in support of productive and durable change. Key Words: Meta and molecular behavioral contingencies
Differentiation of Acacia, Sunflower and Tilia Honeys from Different Countries Based on Sugar Composition, Physicochemical and Color Parameters

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The purpose of this work was to characterize three different types of honey (sunflower, tilia, and acacia) commercialized in Spain, Romania, and Czech Republic from the point of view of their values on physical-chemical (HMF, diastase activity, moisture, electrical conductivity), sugar composition and colour parameters. A multivariate analysis made it possible to differentiate these three types of honey according to the parameters analysed. However, it was found that the country had less influence in its differentiation than the variety of honey.
Supporting collaborative self-regulation during online scientific inquiry learning.

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This paper presents the results of an experimental study which examined student’s planning, monitoring and evaluative processes during collaborative inquiry learning. Sixty-one students worked in triads or pairs to conduct a scientific inquiry with fluid dynamics. Utilizing a water tank simulation they expressed their understanding of domain principles by creating systems dynamic models. The study examined the effect of a tool designed to support collaborative self-regulation on student’s model quality. Results showed an overall positive effect for the support tool. Significant effects were found between planning variables and model quality in favor of the experimental group. Implications contribute to self-regulation research which seeks to explain how to support these processes within collaborative online inquiry learning settings. 1.
Poly-8-bromoadenylic Acid

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract The all-syn homopolynucleotide poly-8-bromoadenylic acid (poly(8BrA)) forms an ordered, helical self-structure of high stability. This is the first unprotonated adenine polynucleotide shown to have such a structure. The helix is probably double-stranded and exhibits a dependence of Tm on [Na+] similar to those of most heteroduplex structures. The new polymer fails to interact with either poly(U) or poly(BrU). The infrared spectrum of poly(8BrA) exhibits a striking 15 cm-1 splitting of the 1625 cm-1 ring vibration, not previously observed in other adenine polynucleotides. We interpret this splitting as evidence that the polymer has a regular, helical structure.
Beverley’s Story

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article considers the different dimensions of an individual’s attempt to survive gentrification. The focus is on Beverley Robinson, a displacee from the Aylesbury Estate in London, who has experienced the slow violence of gentrification and displacement over an extended period of time. We argue that her ‘survivability’ has been, and indeed continues to be, key in her resistance to gentrification. Few academic studies of gentrification have focused in depth on an individual’s everyday fight for survival in the face of gentrification; this article zooms in on the experience of one displacee. The individual displaced by gentrification, Beverley Robinson, interrogates her own experience, and in so doing she shares her autobiography with us; and this is interlocked, dovetailed, with an ethnographic biography undertaken by Loretta Lees, a scholar-activist who has worked with and fought with her.
A Conserved Swi2/Snf2 ATPase Motif Couples ATP Hydrolysis to Chromatin Remodeling

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) SWI/SNF is a prototype for a large family of ATP-dependent chromatin-remodeling enzymes that facilitate numerous DNA-mediated processes. Swi2/Snf2 is the catalytic subunit of SWI/SNF, and it is the founding member of a novel subfamily of the SF2 superfamily of DNA helicase/ATPases. Here we present a functional analysis of the diagnostic set of helicase/ATPase sequence motifs found within all Swi2p/Snf2p family members. Whereas many of these motifs play key roles in ATP binding and/or hydrolysis, we identify residues within conserved motif V that are specifically required to couple ATP hydrolysis to chromatin-remodeling activity. Interestingly, motif V of the human Swi2p/Snf2p homolog, Brg1p, has been shown to be a possible hot spot for mutational alterations associated with cancers.
A new method for construction of cyclic enones via phosphonate anions

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The reaction of 2,2‐disubstituted 1,3‐cyclohexane‐diones ( 1 ) with dimethyl methylphosphonate anion in the presence of trimethylsilyl chloride produces 3‐substituted 2‐cyclohexenones ( 2 ) in moderate to very good yields. This new overall reaction is accounted for by (1) attack of the phosphonate anion on a carbonyl group, (2) retro‐aldol cleavage, (3) reorganization of the acidic proton, and (4) an intramolecular Wadsworth‐Emmonds condensation. The new rearrangement is applied to a short synthesis of (±)‐α‐acoradiene. The synthesis of 3‐sub‐stituted 2‐cyclopentenones (10) is accomplished via two‐step processes.
Kinesics applied to interpreters theatre

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The term “kinesics” encompasses the study of all body movement of communicative value. While any early research exhibits tentativeness, initial studies in this field can be helpful to Interpreters Theatre participants in transmitting the attitudes and emotions beneath the spoken text. This article examines the principles evolving from kinesic research that can help the interpreter to share the full complexity of literature with an audience more effectively.
Ferroelectric HfO2 Memory Transistors With High-κ Interfacial Layer and Write Endurance Exceeding 1010 Cycles

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

We demonstrate ferroelectric (FE) memory transistors on a crystalline silicon channel with endurance exceeding 10 10 cycles. The ferroelectric transistors (FeFETs) incorporate a high- κ interfacial layer (IL) of thermally grown silicon nitride (SiN x ) and a thin 4.5 nm layer of Zr-doped FE-HfO 2 (HZO) on a ~30 nm silicon on insulator (SOI) channel. The device shows a ~1V memory window (MW) in a DC sweep of just ± 2.5V, and can be programmed and erased with voltage pulses of V G = ± 3V at a pulse width of 250 ns. The device also shows very good retention behavior. These results indicate that appropriate engineering of the IL layer could substantially improve FeFET device performance and reliability.
Diagnostic Ultrasound in the Head and Neck Region

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Improvements in ultrasound (US) resolution have led to the application of this non-ionizing imaging modality in the diagnosis of soft tissue disorders affecting the head and neck region. 1 Although operator experience is paramount in image interpretation, US has the advantage of being inexpensive, safe and widely available. Ultrasound is the first line imaging modality for suspected salivary gland tumours and is useful in evaluating superficial neck swellings, such as lymph node disease, soft tissue cysts and vascular malformations. Ultrasound also improves the success rate when used for guidance during fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC).
Quantification of Casein and Cellulose Binding Affinity

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Caseins, proteins in the milk of mammalian species, have been used as wood adhesives since the early 1900's. Caseins' ability to bind certain materials has been exploited in a variety of products over the years. However, the nature of the binding interaction remains unknown, and studies performed involve the collective casein system, or some of the isolated fractions, but not all of the individual or combinations of various casein subunits. The proposed research includes the separation and purification of the four casein subunits: alphas1-, alphas2-, beta, and kappa, by a simplified reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method. The binding affinity of the collective casein system, as well as the purified subunits, for various forms of cellulose is examined.
Predicting Structural Motifs of Glycosaminoglycans using Cryogenic Infrared Spectroscopy and Random Forest

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

In recent years, glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) have emerged into the focus of biochemical and biomedical research due to their importance in a variety of physiological processes. These molecules show great diversity, which makes their analysis highly challenging. A promising tool for identifying the structural motifs and conformation of shorter GAG chains is cryogenic gas-phase infrared (IR) spectroscopy. In this work, the cryogenic gas-phase IR spectra of mass-selected heparan sulfate (HS) di-, tetra-, and hexasaccharide ions were recorded to extract vibrational features that are characteristic to structural motifs. The data were augmented with chondroitin sulfate (CS) disaccharide spectra to assemble a training library for random forest (RF) classifiers. These were used to discriminate between GAG classes (CS or HS) and different sulfate positions (2-O-, 4-O-, 6-O-, and N-sulfation). With optimized data preprocessing and RF modeling, a prediction accuracy of >97% was achieved for HS tetra- and hexasaccharides based on a training set of only 21 spectra. These results exemplify the importance of combining gas-phase cryogenic IR ion spectroscopy with machine learning to improve the future analytical workflow for GAG sequencing and that of other biomolecules, such as metabolites.
Towards a Theory of Trust in Networks of Humans and Computers (CMU-CyLab-11-016)

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We argue that a general theory of trust in networks of humans and computers must be build on both a theory of behavioral trust and a theory ofcomputational trust. This argument is motivated by increased participation of people in social networking, crowdsourcing, human computation, and socio-economic protocols, e.g., protocols modeled by trust and gift-exchange games [3, 10, 11], norms-establishing contracts [1], and scams [6, 35, 33]. User participation in these protocols relies primarily on trust, since on-line verification of protocol compliance is often impractical; e.g., verification can lead to undecidable problems, co-NP complete test procedures, and user inconvenience. Trust is captured by participant preferences (i.e., risk and betrayal aversion) and beliefs in the trustworthiness of other protocol participants [11, 10]. Both preferences and beliefs can be enhanced whenever protocol non-compliance leads to punishment of untrustworthy participants [11, 23]; i.e., it seems natural that betrayal aversion can be decreased and belief in trustworthiness increased by properly defined punishment [1]. We argue that a general theory of trust should focus on the establishment of new trust relations where none were possible before. This focus would help create new economic opportunities by increasing the pool of usable services, removing cooperation barriers among users, and at the very least, taking advantage of “network effects." Hence a new theory of trust would also help focus security research in areas that promote trust-enhancement in infrastructures in human and computer networks. Finally, we argue that a general theory of trust should mirror, to the largest possible extent, human expectations and mental models of trust without relying on false metaphors and analogies with the physical world.