jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Relationship between turbidity and total suspended solids concentration within a combined sewer system

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

This article confirms the existence of a strong linear relationship between turbidity and total suspended solids (TSS) concentration. However, the slope of this relation varies between dry and wet weather conditions, as well as between sites. The effect of this variability on estimating the instantaneous wet weather TSS concentration is assessed on the basis of the size of the calibration dataset used to establish the turbidity – TSS relationship. Results obtained indicate limited variability both between sites and during dry weather, along with a significant inter-event variability. Moreover, turbidity allows an evaluation of TSS concentrations with an acceptable level of accuracy for a reasonable rainfall event sampling campaign effort.
Design and construction of a secant pile wall in Glasgow

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The White Cart Water is a small river which runs through Glasgow. Heavy rainfall has caused numerous floods in the past. Work Section 16 is a 200 m long stretch in the southern part of Glasgow. For this section, a secant pile wall with an in-situ reinforced concrete wall on top has been proposed to form the flood defence wall. High differential water loads without anchoring possibilities, an existing wall which had to be maintained and the presence of tenement buildings at a short distance from the wall were part of the engineering challenges. Furthermore, the piled wall had to be constructed in difficult soil conditions consisting of overconsolidated clays underlain by sandstone and siltstone. A large soil investigation program was performed to obtain the required soil and rock parameters. For the latter parameter the methods as proposed by Hoek-Brown and Bieniawski were used. Construction of the secant pile wall was executed without problems and distress to the tenement buildings and existing wall.
From House Calls to Funeral Homes: Changing Relations between the Living and the Dead

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

By the start of the 20th century, the relationship between the living and the dead in the United States had begun to change dramatically. In many ways, the intimacy that had connected the physical remains with a community of family and friends was gradually being supplanted by a gaping social divide. In large part, the divide was produced by three social factors: changes in demographic patterns, the rise of hospitals as places of dying, and the growth of modern funeral homes. Decreasing mortality trends, increasing longevity, and the rise of the hospital system allowed the funeral industry to take root, and flourish, in American society. The number of funeral homes around the country grew rapidly and funeral directors achieved an air of authority in mortal matters. Embalming became a standard in the preparation of the dead for disposal. Jessica Mitford was on the right track when she identified a “new mythology” emanating from industry rhetoric to legitimate business and ritual changes in the details of modern American funerals.
PWE-060 Polypectomy Practices In The English Bowel Cancer Screening Programme

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction Most polyps are <10 mm in size and a range of polypectomy techniques are available with wide variations in practice. We aimed to examine the techniques employed for removal of <10 mm polyps in relation to polyp characteristics, completeness of excision, safety and changes over time. Methods Data relating to removal of polyps <10 mm between Jan 2010 and Dec 2012 were retrieved from the national Bowel Cancer Screening Programme (BCSP) database. Categorical data was compared using x 2 . Results 147174 polyps were removed during 62679 colonoscopies. A range of techniques was used (cold biopsy forceps (CBF) 19.7%, cold snare (CS) 22.1%, hot biopsy forceps (HBF) 12.2%, hot snare (HS) 35.1%, EMR 10.9%). EMR was used more frequently in the right colon compared to the left (14.3 vs. 8.3%, OR = 1.84, 95% CI: 1.78–1.90). Most pedunculated polyps were removed using HS; this was lower in the right vs. left colon (69.6 vs. 88.3%, OR = 0.30, CI: 0.28–0.33). CS was most common for non-pedunculated polyps in the right colon (29.8 vs. 19.0% in left, OR = 1.81 CI: 1.76–1.85); whereas most common in the left colon was HS (34.8 vs. 22.5% in right, OR = 1.84 CI: 1.79–1.88). Surgeons were more likely than physicians to use diathermy irrespective of site or morphology (65.6 vs. 56.5%, OR = 1.46 CI: 1.43–1.5). In 60% of polyps removed completeness of excision was not histologically assessable. 21.2% were completely excised, 5.8% incomplete and 13% not stated. For non-pedunculated polyps, histologically-confirmed complete excision was more common after EMR (23.4 vs. 6.2%, OR = 1.16, CI: 1.08–1.25) compared to other techniques (CBF 17.7%, CS 15.1%, HBF 19.1%, HS 21.5%); for pedunculated polyps it was more common after EMR (42.3%) and HS (42.0%). Complications were rare for colonoscopies (45227) where only polyps <10 mm were removed. 12 (0.03%) bleeding episodes required transfusion; rates for single and multiple polypectomy cases were 0.01 and 0.04% respectively (OR = 5.01, CI: 1.10–22.8). The HS technique was most commonly used. There were 16 (0.04%) perforations; 0.02% for single vs. 0.05% for multiple polypectomies (OR = 2.20, CI: 0.77–6.34, p = 0.13). No technique dominated for single compared with HS for multiple polypectomies. Between 2010 and 2012, use of CBF, CS and EMR increased, whereas HBF and HS decreased (p < 0.01) Abstract PWE-060 Table 1 % 2010 2012 CBF 15.2 23.0 OR = 1.67, CI: 1.61–1.72 CS 21.3 23.3 OR = 1.12, CI: 1.09–1.16 HBF 14.1 10.1 OR = 0.68, CI: 0.66–0.71 HS 41.0 31.1 OR = 0.65, CI: 0.63–0.67 EMR 8.5 12.5 OR = 1.55, CI: 1.48–1.62 Conclusion The removal of polyps <10 mm within the BCSP is safe, but histological evidence of completeness of excision is poor with all techniques. Wide variations in practice reflect the lack of evidence guiding these decisions, although use of cold resection techniques has increased over time Disclosure of Interest None Declared.
Achieving cross-border government innovation: Delivering and enabling impactful solutions

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The third in a series of three papers on cross-border government innovation, this paper focuses on hands-on delivery and implementation of cross-border innovation efforts, representing the culmination of the different types of initiatives, structures and mechanisms uncovered in the series of reports. It also discusses how governments are putting in place cross-border enablers to allow for collective design and implementation of innovative policies and services, which can also support all of the topics covered in the series. The paper offers findings based on hundreds of cases in countries as well as research and expertise, and provides lessons and recommendations for successful cross-border collaboration and innovation governance.
Polymers for microelectronics

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The continuous advancement of microelectronics in all fields of technology has become a basic fact of our daily life. Increasingly complex tasks are performed by computers, requiring more memory capacity and faster processing speeds. This constant need to develop more highly integrated microchips is expressed by Moore's law, which states that the capacity of the most highly developed random access memory (RAM) chips increases by a factor of four every three years. This is achieved by decreasing the size of devices on chips in each new generation by a factor of two and simultaneously increasing the size of the silicon chip (‘die’) by the same factor.
Revisiting Rhytisma lonicericola: Morphological Characterization and Molecular Phylogenetic Analysis

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Rhytisma lonicericola was identified as a tar spot fungus on Lonicera sp. in 1902, and has since been recorded on several species of Lonicera in China, Japan, and Korea. Most of the previous records of R. lonicericola have been based on a list of disease occurrences in the absence of any formal morphological identification or molecular analyses. Using six newly obtained specimens collected in the past 2 years, we confirmed the tar spot fungus found on L. japonica in Korea as R. lonicericola based on morphological examinations and molecular phylogenetic analyses. This fungus was distinguished from R. xylostei, another tar spot fungus on Lonicera, by ascospore size and geographical distributions. We present detailed mycological information and, for the first time, DNA sequence data useful for the identification of R. lonicericola.
Review Article Multiple Sclerosis and Pregnancy: Current Considerations

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Multiple sclerosis is the most common neurological disease of young adults that causes major disability. In Romania, it is estimated that this disease has a prevalence of 35–40 per 100,000 inhabitants. It is a disease that begins at the age of 20–40 years and is 2-3 times more common in women than in men. More than half of patients with MS develop the disease in their fertile period of life; therefore, MS patients use contraceptive methods while being under our treatment. Since several therapeutic options have been implemented with good efficiency in the disease stabilization, increasingly more patients begin to wonder about the possibility of having a child and about the possible risks of pregnancy. The evolution during pregnancy and the lactation period has been favorable, with lower relapses and side effects comparable to those in the general population. In addition, babies born to mothers with MS have not had a significantly different mean gestational age or birth weight compared to babies born to healthy mothers. 1.
Probing the human antibody repertoire to exogenous antigens. Characterization of the H and L chain V region gene segments from anti-hepatitis B virus antibodies.

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Structural studies of human antibody V regions have been largely limited to those involving the fetal repertoire, autoantibodies, and malignant cell rearrangements, leaving the "normal" repertoire relatively unexplored. In this study we describe the nucleotide sequences of the H and L chain V regions of four antibodies specific for the surface Ag of the hepatitis B virus. Monoclonal cell lines were derived from healthy individuals who received standard immunizations with the serum-derived or recombinant hepatitis B virus vaccines by fusion of PBL to a heterohybridoma cell line, SPAZ-4. We utilized the polymerase chain reaction to amplify the H and L chain V regions for cloning and sequencing. The four antibodies express the following V region combinations: VHIII/V lambda V, VHIII/V kappa II, VHIV/V kappa I, VHV/V lambda III. When compared to germline genes with the closest sequence homology, all of the V regions appear to have undergone somatic mutation, ranging from 3.4 to 11.3% for the H chain, and 5.1 to 9.2% for the L chain. Analysis of the mutations shows them to be typical for an Ag-driven immune response.
Reconceptualizing Early Childhood Care and Education Provisioning: Towards Empowered Communities

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Early Childhood Care and Education provide opportunities for children to develop holistically to flourish after their early years. Families and preschool environments influence children's development. However, preschool experiences are not the primary factor in a child's development during early learning, hence the foundations laid by the family matter most during the children’s early years. Hence, communities, parents, and caregivers need to ensure that children's holistic development is realized and this begins from conception. During the early years, community collaborations that benefit children are often encouraged. Children may miss out on learning and developmental chances, and their brain development and capacity to thrive later in life may be jeopardized if partnerships between communities and early childhood centres are not realized and achieved. Research suggests that caregivers, parents, and communities are not completely involved in their children's early learning, and this impacts negatively on the provision of ECCE services. Hence, this paper investigates how early childhood education is conceptualized to empower communities. The cooperation theory which emphasizes interpersonal contact among various stakeholders with varied roles to achieve a shared goal, was adopted. Ten communities from Chris Hani District Municipality were purposefully chosen to be included in the study using the qualitative research approach and interpretive paradigm. Data collection tools included focus group discussions and semi-structured interviews. The findings revealed that stakeholders are working in silos for the ECCE provisioning as the research participants were not aware of the services rendered by other stakeholders. Practitioners mentioned lack of parental involvement as another factor compromising the provision of ECCE. Parents seemed to be unaware of their responsibility when it comes to early learning. In empowering communities about their involvement in the provision of ECCE, the paper suggests community dialogues with the cooperation of other stakeholders, including government departments. In addition, parents need to be engaged in their children’s early learning by providing caring and nurturing environments that support children’s holistic development from their early years for them to thrive even beyond their childhood years.
Acceleration of radiative recombination in quasi-2D perovskite films on hyperbolic metamaterials

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Hyperbolic metamaterials are a family of nanophotonic architectures allowing for the unique control of photonic local density of states. Such a property makes metamaterials prospective to use them with light-emitting objects or to apply as meta-electrodes for optoelectronic devices, where the control of recombination properties plays a decisive role. On the other hand, layered quasi-2D halide perovskites (Ruddlesden–Popper phase) attract high attention due to their low cost, broadband spectral tunability, and outstanding optoelectronic properties. Here, we show how to accelerate photoluminescence with smart engineering of photonic density of states (i.e., via the Purcell effect) by depositing a perovskite film on a hyperbolic metamaterial. We experimentally confirm acceleration of radiative recombination by almost 3 times. This effect can be useful in light-emitting devices, where interplay between radiative and non-radiative channels of charge carrier recombination is crucial.
Occurrence Download

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A dataset containing 4234 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query: { "TaxonKey" : [ "is Pinus pseudostrobus Lindl." ] } The dataset includes 4234 records from 131 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0432359-210914110416597/datasets/export for details. Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
Cosmopolitans, Patriots, Jacobins, and Romantics

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This chapter argues that the French Enlightenment can be described as an extension of absolutist court culture. The core of public communication shifted from intellectual conversation in salons to public addresses to the people and mass rallies, from cosmopolitan essays and novels to political pamphlets and journal articles indicting the manipulations of an invisible public enemy. The Romantic idea of Volk and nation referred to a transcendental horizon of understanding and communication, thus replacing the cosmopolitanism of the Enlightenment with a particular national community. The French Revolution attracted some enthusiastic followers in Germany, but occupation by French troops and the Napoleonic Empire turned most German patriots into opponents of the French revolutionary project. In a Jacobin perspective, the axial-age tension between the transcendental order of reason, unity, and perfection and the mundane realm of personal rule, political interests, and conflicts had to be resolved by expunging the mundane level.
Study to elucidate the pharmacological activity of retinalamin in a rat model of ischemic retinopathy

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Introduction: Over the past few years, the incidence of retinal ischemic disorders has been increasing, due to a rising prevalence of such socially burdensome diseases as diabetes and hypertension, which ultimately lead to ocular vascular pathology. The identification of new treatment options that would prevent retinal neuron death is a crucial task of modern pharmacology. Materials and methods: The research was carried out on male Wistar rats. Retinopathy was modeled by inducing a 30-min ischemic episode, with a 72-hour period of reperfusion and subsequent administration of Retinalamin and Emoxypine for 10 days. The effectiveness of the drugs was evaluated by electroretinographic, ophthalmoscopic and morphological assessments. Results and discussion: On Day 14 of the experiment, a dose-dependent preservation of the electroretinogram b-wave/a-wave amplitude ratio was observed in the animals treated with Retinalamin depending on a dose (1.39±0.06, 1.46±0.03 and 1.49±0.04 in low (0.214 mg/kg), medium (0.428 mg/kg) and high (0.857 mg/kg) Retinalamin dose groups, respectively). The ophthalmoscopic picture of the fundus oculi also improved following the treatment with Retinalamin (1.42, 1.69 and 1.90 times lower ophthalmoscopic scores compared to placebo-treated animals in low, medium and high dose groups, respectively). The morphologic “coefficient of change” applied to ganglion cell layer was 2.2, 1.7 and 1.6 points in low, medium and high dose Retinalamin groups, respectively. These results are significantly different from both intact and placebo group (p<0.05). Based on the aforementioned experimental findings, we conclude that Retinalamin has a retinoprotective effect and is superior to the drug of comparison (Emoxypine). Conclusion: The greatest neuroprotective effects were shown in the groups receiving Retinalamin. In these groups, the ERG b-wave/a-wave amplitude ratio was preserved, the ophthalmoscopic picture was less pathologic and retinal morphology features were close to those of the intact retina.
Prostitute in Exile—on Wang Chia-Chih’s Prostitunity in the Novel "Lust, Caution"

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The narrative of "Lust, Caution" explores a tale of espionage, focusing on a female college student, Wang Chia-chih, who orchestrates a honey trap with her classmates, ultimately becoming emotionally entangled with Mr. Yee, the assassinated target, despite her initial intentions.Through the lens of the assassination operation, the complexities of her character are revealed, highlighting a profound erosion of her identity, accompanied by psychological turmoil, selfdeception, and latent sexual repression.Throughout this process, Wang's transformation from a college student to a figure exhibiting traits akin to those of a prostitute is evident.Like prostitutes, Wang not only commodifies her body but also exists in discordance with the grand narrative, official discourse, and her own perceptions of sex and love.This article aims to delineate a concept termed "prostitunity" through three dimensions: sexual desire, exile, and individual narrative, elucidating the interplay between the burdens Wang carries, the toll exacted upon her, and the subtle nuances permeating her innermost being.Wang Chia-chih's "prostitunity" serves as a notable representation of a seldom-seen female character in 20th-century Chinese literature-distinct yet resonant within the complexity and chaos of her context.Finally, this article delves deeper into the theme of "Lust, Caution"the confrontation between grand narratives and the individual lives of women.
A Reformulation of business education curriculum for the development of career opportunities among undergraduates of South Nigerian Universities

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Concerning on the rates social burden among the graduates of business education in Nigeria has provided an opportunity for the authors to extant the study to examine the current state of business education curriculum and the reformulation of business education curriculum equips the undergraduates with skills to start a business and engaging towards lifelong learning. A cross-sectional survey design was applied to achieve the objectives of the study. The design of the research is a quantitative method. Structured questionnaires were given to a sample of 289 participants (43 lecturers and 246 students) which were randomly selected across three universities in Nigeria. The data obtained are analyzed by the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23.0 and the mean statistic is used to answer the research questions and standard deviations are used to assess the degree to which participants’ scores are clustered around the mean. The results show that the business education curriculum is theoretical in nature, as such does not have the capability of preparing students to become entrepreneurs and lifelong learners. Hence, the data shows that most of the respondents vote for business education curriculum prepares student to work for the entrepreneurs with mean 3.49 for lecturers and 3.67 for students. Moreover, the result shows that a change in business education curriculum could help to equip students with skills to engage in becoming an entrepreneur. Therefore, the managers of business education should endeavor collaborations with major stakeholders to capable of integrating the 21st-century skills and apprenticeship models into the business education curriculum. It will help to equip undergraduates with the skills needed to pursue entrepreneurial and lifelong learning careers upon graduation.
On the issues of additional public support of workers involved in medical care support during period of COVID-19

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The article considers issues of organizational and legal progress of social protection of workers involved in medical care during period of COVID-19. The purpose of the study is to analyze regulatory legal documents that define state guarantees that provide social protection for persons involved in the provision of medical care during COVID-19. The attempt was made to analyze international and national information on relevant morbidity, mortality and disability of health care workers, but respective data was not readily available in open admission. The analysis of international documents (the WHO, CDC, JHU reports), public documents of the Russian Federation, information from official websites of the President of the Russian Federation and the executive authorities of the Russian Federation (state reports on sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the population in the Russian Federation in 2020–2022) demonstrated the following. The whole world faced with the problem of protecting health care workers from contamination with new corona-virus infection. In the Russian Federation, unprecedented measures were taken to ensure social protection for this category of workers, including provision of additional social benefits.