jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
NOT ‘INDIFFERENCE TO PAIN’ BUT VARIETIES OF HEREDITARY SENSORY AND AUTONOMIC NEUROPATHY

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Three children, from different kinships, with generalized insensitivity to pain, showed unusual manifestations of congenital, presumably inherited, sensory and autonomic neuropathy. The first child appeared to have a syndrome resembling those previously described as congenital indifference to pain, congenital universal loss of pain sensation from infancy without other apparent neurological deficit. Unlike most types of hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathies (types I, II, III), but like type IV, she had normal sensory nerve action potentials. Abnormalities of sudomotor function and of somatosensory evoked potentials were demonstrated. A severe decrease in the number of sural nerve A delta fibres and a small reduction in C fibres were demonstrated morphometrically. An abnormality of C fibres was confirmed by a marked reduction in nerve dopamine-beta-hydroxylase activity. The plasma and CSF concentrations of beta endorphins, substance P and several other neuropeptides and hormones were normal. Unequivocal evidence of a neuropathic lesion is provided by this patient; her disorder may be identified as the fifth type of hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy. The second patient had a congenital pansensory neuropathy and progressive retinitis pigmentosa. Whether the disorder is inherited and, if so, whether the retinitis pigmentosa results from the same or from a second genetic abnormality, is unclear. The third case has, in addition to what is usually seen in hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy, type II, an unusually severe kinaesthetic difficulty in oral food handling. The sural nerves of the second and third patients had fibre composition characteristic of hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy, type II, few or no myelinated fibres and reduced numbers of unmyelinated fibres.
The ENCOURAGEing workplaces project: the addition of a fitness based health risk assessment to a physical activity counseling intervention

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

There has been a large growth in workplace wellness initiatives; however, use of fitness based health risk assessments (fHRAs) remains largely unexplored. I hypothesized that adding an fHRA to a physical activity counseling intervention (PAC+HRA) would greater increase physical activity levels compared to physical activity counseling alone (PAC). A 4 month, two- group quasi-experimental design was used to test this hypothesis. Over time, there was an increase in total, moderate to vigorous, and moderate physical activity ≥10-minute bouts. Self-Efficacy for Exercise increased and symptoms of depression decreased. Subgroup analysis of the PAC+HRA group found a significant improvement in overall fitness levels. Participants progressed to more advanced stages of change. In conclusion, PAC+HRA did not increase physical activity levels more than PAC. This is likely due to the characteristics of the counseling, fHRA, and outcome measurements.
Impact of preexisting coronary artery and peripheral artery disease on outcomes in diabetic patients after kidney transplant

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is highly prevalent in patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). Kidney transplant (KT) improves patient survival and cardiovascular outcomes. The impact of preexisting coronary artery disease (CAD) and peripheral artery disease (PAD) on posttransplant outcomes remains unclear. Methods: This is a retrospective study utilizing the United States Renal Data System. Adult diabetic dialysis patients who underwent first KT between 2006 and 2017 were included. The study population was divided into four cohorts based on presence of CAD/PAD: (1) polyvascular disease (CAD + PAD); (2) CAD without PAD; (3) PAD without CAD; (4) no CAD or PAD (reference cohort). The primary outcome was 3-year all-cause mortality. Secondary outcomes were incidence of posttransplant myocardial infarction (MI), cerebrovascular accidents (CVA), and graft failure. Results: The study population included 19,329 patients with 64.4% men, mean age 55.4 years, and median dialysis duration of 2.8 years. Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease was present in 28% of patients. The median follow up was 3 years. All-cause mortality and incidence of posttransplant MI were higher with CAD and highest in patients with polyvascular disease. The cohort with polyvascular disease had twofold higher all-cause mortality (16.7%, adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 1.5, p < 0.0001) and a fourfold higher incidence of MI (12.7%, aHR 3.3, p < 0.0001) compared to the reference cohort (8.0% and 3.1%, respectively). There was a higher incidence of posttransplant CVA in the cohort with PAD (3.4%, aHR 1.5, p = 0.01) compared to the reference cohort (2.0%). The cohorts had no difference in graft failure rates. Conclusions: Preexisting CAD and/or PAD result in worse posttransplant survival and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with diabetes mellitus and ESKD without a reduction in graft survival.
Upregulation of Renal Sodium Transporters in D5 Dopamine Receptor–Deficient Mice

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract—D5 dopamine receptor (D5R)-deficient (D5/) mice have hypertension that is aggravated by an increase in sodium intake. The present experiments were designed to test the hypothesis that a dysregulation of renal sodium transporters is related to the salt sensitivity in D5/ mice. D5R was expressed in the renal proximal tubule, thick ascending limb, distal convoluted tubule, and cortical and outer medullary collecting ducts in D5/ mice. On a control Na diet, renal protein expressions of NKCC2 (sodium-potassium-2 chloride cotransporter), sodium chloride cotransporter, and and subunits of the epithelial sodium channel were greater in D5/ than in D5/ mice. Renal renin abundance and urine aldosterone levels were similar but renal angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) protein expression was increased in D5/ mice. An elevated Na diet increased further the elevated blood pressure of D5/ mice but did not affect the normal blood pressure of D5/ mice. The increased levels of NKCC2, sodium chloride cotransporter, and and subunits of the epithelial sodium channel persisted with the elevated Na diet and unaffected by chronic AT1R blockade (losartan) in D5/ mice. The expressions of proximal sodium transporters NHE3 (sodium hydrogen exchanger type 3) and NaPi2 (sodium phosphate cotransporter type 2) were increased by the elevated Na diet in D5/ mice; the increased expression of NHE3 but not NaPi2 was abolished by AT1R blockade. Our findings suggest that the increased protein expression of sodium transporters/ channels in distal nephron segments may be the direct consequence of the disruption of D5R, independent of the
A model-based context assessment approach for the informatics nurse specialist consultant.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

As the number of informatics nurse specialists (INS) has grown, they have become increasingly involved in information system (IS) consultation practice. Their combined clinical and informatics expertise makes these specialists highly marketable and successful IS consultants. As healthcare settings have shifted their IS development toward interdisciplinary-integrated clinical information systems (CIS) that support a patient-focused care continuum, INS have been required to broaden their consultation approaches beyond a domain-specific focus. This article illustrates a model-based context assessment approach that can be used by INS to expand their consultation repertoire.
Landscape evolution and agro-sylvo-pastoral activities on the Gorgan Plain (NE Iran) in the last 6000 years

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The Gorgan Plain (NE Iran) is characterized by fertile soils formed on a loess plateau and is at present primarily exploited for intensive agriculture. However, the timing and intensity of the human impact on the landscape in the past are still unclear. A sediment core, taken from the centre of the eastern Gorgan Plain in the Kongor Lake covering the major part of the Holocene from 6.1 to 0.8 ka (all ages are calibrated before present), has been studied for pollen, non-pollen palynomorphs, botanical macroremains, insects, charcoal, geochemistry, biomarkers and magnetism in order to provide new insights into the evolution of the landscape and to estimate the intensity of human activities. The data obtained suggest a dry period between 5.9 and 3.9 ka and an increase in regional humidity afterwards with a maximum between 2.7 and 0.7 ka, during the period of the Persian empires (Achaemenid through Sasanian) and the Islamic era. The eastern part of the Gorgan Plain was characterized by open steppe landscapes during the last 6 ka, which most likely were used for pasture and at least since 2.7 ka for agriculture including arboriculture. The strongest anthropogenic impact on the environment around the Kongor site is documented during the Parthian and Sasanian Empires (200 BC–651 AD) and the Islamic era up to the eve of the Mongol invasion.
Dynamic modelling and simulation of vapour compression cycles for food refrigeration and freezing control

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Vapour compression cycles have been widely used for refrigeration and freezing processes in food engineering. Biological contamination, texture and visual aspect of the products depend on an efficient control of these processes. Moreover, a number of vapor compression systems are already equipped with variable-speed compressors and fans. However, to date, the industry has not taken full advantage of these variable devices to get substantial control performance improvement. For this reason, a good understanding of the dynamic behavior of a vapor compression cycle is indispensable. This paper deals with the development and validation of a dynamic model of vapour compression cycle for the purpose of designing advanced control strategy for food industrial systems. Simulation results and experimantal data are compared for transient conditions for a test refrigeration device. This model could be reduced to be used to control food chilling or freezing process. / Les cycles à compression de vapeur sont utilisés depuis de nombreuses années pour les procédés de réfrigération et de congélation. La contamination biologique, la texture et l'aspect visuel des produits dépendent d'un contrôle efficace de ces procédés. Or, de plus en plus d'installations sont équipées de compresseurs et de ventilateurs à variation de vitesse. Pourtant il semble que l'industrie n'exploite pas ou peu pour l'instant le potentiel d'amélioration général des performances de ces dispositifs. Pour cela, une bonne compréhension du comportement dynamique des installations est indispensable. Ce papier présente un modèle dynamique d'un cycle à compression de vapeur développé afin de simuler et de définir la mise en oeuvre d'algorithmes de commande avancés. Une validation du modèle est également présentée. Des résultats de simulation en régime transitoire sont présentés et sont comparés aux résultats de mesure. Ce modèle doit être réduit afin de le rendre utilisable directement dans un algorithme de contrôle commande.
Supervised learning using support vector machine applied to sentiment analysis of teacher performance satisfaction

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Satisfaction with teaching performance is an important measurement process in higher education institutions, for this reason, applying sentiment analysis to the opinions of university students through the support vector machine (SVM) Fine Gaussian supervised learning algorithm represents an important contribution to the academic literature. This article identifies the best classification algorithm according to performance parameters for predicting student satisfaction with teaching performance through sentiment analysis; the subsequent implementation of the research has the purpose of strengthening teaching practices, in addition to allowing continuous training of teaching for the benefit of student learning. This article has provided a compact predictive model, with literature review based on SVM and sentiment analysis techniques. Through the machine learning classification learner technique, it is identified that the SVM algorithm: Fine Gaussian SVM is the one with the best accuracy equal to 98.3%. Likewise, the performance metrics for the four classes of the model were identified, which have a sensitivity equal to 88.89%, a specificity of 98.04%, a precision of 99.21% and an accuracy of 98.85%.
Agricultural Spray Chemicals

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

DURING THE PAST fifteen years, we have seen remarkable developments in the use of synthetic chemicals to control insects, fungi and weeds. We remember how DDT burst upon the world and was hailed as the answer to many of our insect problems. This was merely a beginning; intensive research in many parts of the world has resulted in the production of many more highly efficient insecticides that have appeared in an almost bewildering manner. The advances made in fungicides, with a few outstanding exceptions, have been less spectacular. Fungus diseases take a great toll of crops; the search for new fungicides is being actively pursued and we may expect interesting innovations in the near future. The great advantage of the chemical control of weeds in reducing labour costs needs no emphasis. Although, in comparison with the insecticides, chemical weedkillers are comparatively few in number, they have been used in large quantities throughout the world. Their development represents one of the greatest successes achieved by the application of scientific research to agricultural problems. The complex chemical names of some of the chemicals that have been introduced have given rise to confusion in the literature and in the minds of users. As with drugs, common names, internationally agreed, have been given to many of the compounds now employed. Many factors have to be considered in developing a chemical for use in protecting crop plants from attack by insects or fungi or from competition by weeas. It must give efficient control of the pest, disease or weed without damaging or tainting the crop that has to be treated. So far as possible, the chemical must achieve its purpose without disturbing too much the natural balance of beneficial organisms. It must not provide undue hazards to persons applying it and, if poisonous to man, it must not persist on crops to such an extent that it furnishes a risk to consumers. Finally, the chemical must be capable of large scale production and of sale at an economic cost to the grower. It is not surprising that the development of a satisfactory agricultural
Convergent Evolution in Three Alpine Endemic Lomatium Species (Apiaceae)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Convergent evolution is the independent origin of similar phenotypes. Three Lomatium species are endemic to two isolated mountain ranges in northeastern Oregon. Previous studies have suggested that two of these taxa share a recent common ancestor. Using molecular and environmental data, this study aims to investigate evolutionarily relationships between these Lomatium species to determine if their similarities are the result of convergence or shared ancestry. Each alpine endemic occupies a different phylogenetic position indicating that convergent evolution is responsible for the shared morphologies. Increased conservation measures are urged for these plants because each species represents a unique alpine adapted lineage.
Predictors of Recovery Following Involuntary Hospitalization of Violent Substance Abuse Patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The goal of this study was to evaluate the results and predictors of good recovery following involuntary hospitalization of violent substance abuse patients. Twenty patients (16 male, aged 13 to 53 years [mean ± s.d. = 32.9 ± 10.2]) were admitted in 1997 with a median hospital time of 73.5 days (20 to 455) for exhibiting violent behavior following drug abuse and a loss of self‐control. They were treated with psychiatric medication, a 12‐step program (Minnesota), psychotherapy and family therapy, and, following hospitalization, counselling, psychotherapy, and participation in self‐help groups. Follow‐up ranged from 3 to 24 months (17.8 ± 4.9). We studied the probability of maintenance of complete abstinence and social adaptation (professional‐educational, family and legal parameters) using T and Fisher tests (significance level p ≤ 0.05). Of the twenty, thirteen patients (65%) achieved excellent social reintegration, and twelve maintained total abstinence. Two patients died (AIDS, hepatic cirrhosis). The chances of complete abstinence and social reintegration were increased by lower age at admission ( p = 0.02), some form of treatment following hospitalization ( p = 0.007), adherence to the entire period of treatment ( p = 0.05), and regular attendance at self‐help groups ( p = 0.05). No significant differences were found in terms of other demographic parameters, drugs used (number or class), previous hospital admissions, length of hospitalization, or follow‐up. Sixty percent of patients can expect an excellent outcome over a period of 18 months, according to strict clinical and social criteria. Early intervention and factors increasing adherence to prolonged treatment increase abstinence and social reintegration and thus should be further explored.
INFLUENCES OF APPLIED POTENTIALS AND LOADING WAVEFORM ON FATIGUE CRACK GROWTH FOR STEEL A537

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Influences of applied potentials and loading waveform on the fatigue crackgrowth for steel A537 in 3.5%NaCl solution, and corresponding straining electrode behaviourhave been studied. Under the applied potentials over or below-800 mV (SCE), the anodicdissolution or the hydrogen embrittlement is predominant, respectively. For applied anodicpotential, the acceleration effect of continuous loading pattern on the CF crack growth main-ly appeared at the range of low △K values, while for cathodic potential, it appeared at therange of high △K values. The continuous straining causes a decrease of natural potential andan increase of anodic dissolution current.
Study of microsatellite polymorphisms around HLA-B locus in the Croatian population

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The aim of the present study was to investigate polymorphisms and haplotypes of MICA, D6S2927 and D6S2793 microsatellites and linkage disequlibria (D) between these microsatellite loci and HLA-B in the Croatian population. A total of 179 healthy unrelated Croatians were studied using PCR amplification and electrophoresis on 6% polyacrylamide gel in an automated sequencer (ALFexpress). In total, 6 alleles of D6S2927, 5 alleles of MICA microsatellite locus and 14 alleles of D6S2793 microsatellites were observed. At D6S2927 locus most common allele was D6S2927-4 (23.5%), MICA-5.1 allele was the most frequent (27.6%) at MICA microsatellite, while at D6S2793 locus the most frequent was D6S2793-CA15 (13.1%). Eight HLA-B/D6S2927 haplotypic associations (B*07/D6S2927-4, B*08/D6S2927-3, B*18/D6S2927-3, B*27/D6S2927-1, B*35/D6S2927-5, B*38/D6S2927-4, B*51/D6S2927-32 and B*61/D6S2927-1) showed strong association (p 0.5). Among 88 different HLA-B/MICA haplotypic associations, seven combinations (B*07/MICA-5.1, B*08/MICA-5.1, B*15/MICA-5, B*18/MICA-4, B*27/MICA-4, B*38/MICA-9 and B*51/MICA-6) demonstrated high linkage (D>0.5) with significant p value (p 0.5, p<0.001) for the following combinations: D6S2927-5/MICA-9, D6S2927-3/D6S2793-CA25, D6S2927-4/D6S2793-CA17, D6S2927-3/D6S273-4, D6S2927-3/D6S273-7 and D6S2793-CA26/D6S273-4. These results provide data about region around HLA-B locus which is very attractive because of its contribution to genetic susceptibility for many HLA associated disease and will help in all further HLA-B locus associated disease studies.
State Policies and Techno-Industrial Innovation

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Part I: Introduction and General Perspectives: The Changing Role of the State in Techno-Industrial Innovation. 1. State, Science and Techno-Industrial Innovation - A New Model of State Policy and a Changing Role of the State Ulrich Hilpert, Freie Universitat, Berlin 2. The Nature and Relevance of State Policy for Techno-Industrial Innovation Kenneth Dyson, University of Bradford 3. Techno-Industrial Innovation and Technology Assessment - the State's Problems with its New Role Frieder Naschold, Science Centre, Berlin Part II: Small Internal Markets and the Relevance of State Capabilities: is Techno-Industrial Innovation State Introduced? 4. Economic Adjustment by Techno-Industrial Innovation and the Role of the State - Solar and Biotechnology in France and West Germany Ulrich Hilpert, Freie Universitat, Berlin 5. The State and Telecommunications Modernisation in Britain, France and West Germany Peter Humphreys, University of Manchester 6. State Policy on Techno-Industrial Innovation in Weaker Economies - the Case of Biotechnology in Britain and Italy Wendy Faulkner, University of Edinburgh and Luigi Orsenigo, Bocconi University, Milan 7. The State and New Forms of Communication - the Introduction of Videotex in France, West Germany and North America James Miller, Hampshire College Volker Schneider, Max-Planck Institut Koln and Thirerry Vedel, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Paris Part III: Large Internal Markets and the Role of the State: Is there a Need for Policies on Techno-Industrial Innovation? 8. Manufacturing Innovation and American Industrial Competitiveness Stephen S. Cohen and John Zysman, University of California at Berkley 9. Techno-Industrial Innovation and State Policies on Telecommunications in the United States and Japan Jill Hills, City University, London 10. Japanese R & D Policy for Techno-Industrial Innovation Takayuki Matso, Ministry of International Trade and Industry, Tokyo 11. Airbus Industry: A Case Study in European High Tech Cooperation Desmond Hickie, Teeside Polytechnic Part IV: Small Countries in an Innovating World Economy: Can State Policy Introduce Participation? 12. National Styles in Technology Policy - Comparing the Swedish and Danish State Programmes in Microelectronics/Information Technology Andrew Jamison, University of Lund 13. Small Industrialised Countries and the Global Innovation Race - The Role of the State in the Netherlands, Belgium and Switzerland Rob van Tulder, University of Amsterdam Part V: Conclusions 14. The Political Introduction of Techno-Industrial Innovation - Some Comparative Conclusions on the Role of the State in Trends for Internationalism Ulrich Hilpert, Freie Universitat, Berlin Index