jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Government Debt and Deficits In Canada: A Macro Simulation Analysis

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper examines the macroeconomic implications of rising government debt in Canada and the short-run costs and long-run benefits of stemming the rise. The discussion begins with an evaluation of the long-run consequences of increasing government indebtedness, first based on the simple arithmetic of the government's long-run budget constraint, and then based on simulations of the Bank of Canada's main model of the Canadian economy, which incorporates several channels through which government debt may affect real economic activity. The principal conclusion is that the main economic cost of higher government debt is a lower sustainable level of domestic consumption. Simulations with the full dynamic model highlight the trade-off of short-run loss for long-run gain presented by deficit reduction. There are important short-run costs of stemming a rise in debt. However, the results of this paper show that substantial net gains are obtained from doing so, since the present value of the permanent long-term gains in consumption far outweigh these short-term costs. The simulations also suggest that a fiscal contraction would require an easing of monetary conditions relative to what they would have otherwise been to maintain an inflation target.
CC-VIT: Virtualization Intrusion Tolerance Based on Cloud Computing

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Service integration and supply on-demand coming from cloud computing can significantly improve the utilization of computing resources, reduce power consumption of per service, and effectively avoid the error of computing resources. However, cloud computing is still facing the problem of intrusion tolerance of the cloud computing platform and sensitive data of new enterprise data center. In order to address the problem of intrusion tolerance of cloud computing platform, this paper constructs a virtualization intrusion tolerance system based on cloud computing by researching on the existing virtualization technology. This system adopts the method of hybrid fault model, active and passive replicas, state update and transfer, proactive recovery and diversity, and initially implements to tolerate F faulty replicas in N =2F+1 replicas and ensure that only F+1 active replicas to execute during the intrusion-free stage. The remaining replicas are all put into passive mode, which significantly reduces the resource consuming in cloud platform.
The Arthritis Measurement Test: Statistical Analysis for Validation of a Novel Outcomes Measurement for Arthritis. A Pilot Study (Preprint)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

OBJECTIVE

When arthritis patients expressed an interest in finding an easier way to communicate how they were feeling, we developed a simple patient-reported outcomes instrument to assess their clinical status. Here we present the novel Arthritis Measurement Test TM and confirm its equivalence to two other validated arthritis monitoring tools.

METHODS

One-hundred rheumatoid arthritis patients volunteered to answer three arthritis outcomes measures during clinic appointments: the Arthritis Measurement Test (AMT), Routine Assessment of Patient Index Data 3 (RAPID3) and Clinical Disease Activity Index (CDAI). Patients completed these three instruments as board certified rheumatologists performed 28-joint assessments to assess each patient’s disease activity. Disease categories proposed in the AMT were compared to categories in the RAPID3 and CDAI using Pearson, Spearman and Goodman-Kruskal gamma statistics.

RESULTS

Patients completed the five-question AMT within 90 seconds without difficulty. The internal reliability of the AMT, RAPID3 and CDAI are acceptable with Cronbach's alpha values of 0.88 (95% CI: 0.84 to 0.92), 0.89 (95% CI: 0.85 to 0.93) and 0.94 (95% CI: 0.92 to 0.96), respectively. When comparing AMT vs. RAPID3 responses, the 95% Pearson confidence intervals are between 0.865 to 0.936 and 0.7465 to 0.8561 for AMT vs. CDAI. Spearman correlations and Goodman-Kruskal gamma analysis also document strong correlations between the AMT and the other measures, where the AMT and RAPID3 are nearly identical (95% CI: 0.8202 to 0.906). Goodman-Kruskal gamma analysis also establishes equivalence between the AMT and RAPID3 with 95% confidence intervals of 0.9545 to 1. The sensitivity and specificity of the AMT are equivalent to RAPID3 and CDAI outcomes measures with areas under the curve (AUC) of 0.9637 (95% CI: 0.9314, 0.9961) and 0.9261 (95% CI: 0.8777, 0.9745), respectively, where sensitivity is the rate of correctly diagnosed out-of-control patients, and specificity is the rate of correctly diagnosed in-control patients. Likewise, the AMT accurately reflects levels of arthritis activity as compared to both the RAPID3 and CDAI.

CONCLUSIONS

In this cross-sectional pilot study, the Arthritis Measurement Test is statistically validated to be comparable to the RAPID3 and CDAI as a measure of rheumatoid arthritis activity.
Chiral methyl groups: small is beautiful

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChiral methyl groups: small is beautifulHeinz G. Floss and Sungsook LeeCite this: Acc. Chem. Res. 1993, 26, 3, 116–122Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ar00027a007https://doi.org/10.1021/ar00027a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views766Altmetric-Citations50LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Model for Work-Based Learning

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Work-based learning, in which professional work experience is closely integrated with professional study, now forms an important part of many courses in tertiary institutions. A Model for Work-Based Learning offers a plan designed to enhance the professional experience through facilitated mentoring and reflective learning, and is based on an internship that has proven highly successful over the last ten years at the University of Canberra. This strategy, which features collaborative teaching and learning, is applicable to other professional courses within tertiary environments. Part 1 describes the research base for all aspects of the model and shows how a program based on the theoretical model can be implemented, bringing together facilitated mentoring and theory. Part 2 contains a range of activities that can be used by educators during all aspects of the work experience, from preparing students and mentors through assisting the student's move into the professional workforce. The conclusion explores the crucial success factors of the work-based learning model. This volume is an invaluable guide to educators and mentors in the workplace.
34: One-Stage Urethral Reconstruction for Stricture Recurrence after Urethral Stent Placement

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

You have accessJournal of UrologyModerated Poster 2, Saturday, May 19, 2007, 1:00 - 3:00 pm1 Apr 200734: One-Stage Urethral Reconstruction for Stricture Recurrence after Urethral Stent Placement Joel Gelman, and Esequiel Rodriguez Joel GelmanJoel Gelman More articles by this author , and Esequiel RodriguezEsequiel Rodriguez More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(18)30299-4AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "34: One-Stage Urethral Reconstruction for Stricture Recurrence after Urethral Stent Placement." The Journal of Urology, 177(4S), pp. 12–13 © 2016 by American Urological AssociationFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 177Issue 4SApril 2007Page: 12-13 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2016 by American Urological AssociationMetricsAuthor Information Joel Gelman More articles by this author Esequiel Rodriguez More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF DownloadLoading ...
Forage Legumes vs. Fertilizer Nitrogen

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A few weeks after I started to work as a Forage Extension Specialist at the University of Kentucky, I heard my mentor and forage idol, Mr. Warren Thompson, speak on forage legumes. Warren, along with Dr’s. Tim Taylor and W.C. Templeton had pioneered the “Pasture Renovation Program” in Kentucky. In addition, Mr. Ed Smith had joined the team and collectively they developed the “Power-til Pasture Renovator.” Warren began his presentation by talking about Kentucky Forages pointing out we were so fortunate to have a good grass base and the opportunity to grow lots of legumes. He also talked about all the good things legumes could do once established into grass dominant pasture and hay fields. He stated “Pasture renovation is the most important pasture improvement practice in Kentucky”. At that time, corn was under $2.00 per bushel, gas was 69 cents/gal, and nitrogen was readily available as ammonia nitrate and less than twenty cents per pound. Since that time, a lot of things have changed, especially corn, nitrogen and fuel prices; however, Warren’s statement about the important of legumes is still valid. In fact, considering the merits of forage legumes and change in nitrogen and other input costs, forage legumes are more important today than ever.
On the Lack and Remediation of Wisdom in Moral Education

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The status quo of moral education in China reflects that the effect of the current moral education is not optimistic. The lack of wisdom makes moral education lose its charm, and it is the chief element influencing the effect of moral education. Faced with the status quo of moral education, we need to get back wisdom. We should, beginning with three aspects such as subjective, emotional, and practical wisdom, make deep understandings on the connotations of wisdom in moral education and study the deep reason for its loss, so as to explore the effective approaches to remedy wisdom for moral education in the following three aspects such as environment, aim and subject's educational methods.
Review on Various Antibiotic Contamination in Natural Sources: Effects on Environment Including Animals and Humans

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Antibiotics have been used as medicine to inhibit a large array of infections in humans, in animals and plants for nearly 100 years. Nonstop use and misapplication of antibiotics have triggered antibiotic contamination worldwide. Antibiotic contamination poses risks to microbial communities, aquatic ecosystems, and human health. If growth of antibiotic resistant bacteria occurs, then it may increase multidrug-resistant bacterial infections for the coming days, thus posing a terrific impact on human health, as well as on the ecosystem of the environment. So, proper management and awareness are crucial to mitigate the environmental impacts. In this review, the knowledge about the sources and existence of antibiotics, its side effects, contamination sources, prevention and control of antibiotics to reduce antibiotic contamination has been discussed in detail.
Weaning and associated factors in children from low-income communities

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Introduction: The average duration of breastfeeding is still insufficient and differ widely taking in account the location and specific characteristic of local people involved in these studies. Aim: This research aimed at studying factors associated to weaning among South Brazilian children living in a low-income household. Material and method: Cross-sectional study was carried out enrolling 124 mothers of 1 to 12-month-old children, who were interviewed at "Pastoral da Criança" (non-governmental organization) in Almirante Tamandaré, Paraná, Brazil. The risk of weaning considered was the dependent variable and the information collected from the questionnaires, independent variables. The method used to collect information in this study was Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression model and Spearman's rank correlation (α = 0.05). Result: Actuarial life table presented a higher weaning conditional probability at 12 months of age, followed by first and fourth months of age. Multivariate analysis pointed out that contact with bottle feeding before the sixth month of age [HR=17.16 (2.34-125.86)] and contact with pacifier before the sixth months of age [HR=3.48 (1.90-6.38)] are risk factors associated with weaning. Among children who were not breastfed at the moment of the interview, breastfeeding duration presented a positive correlation with the ages when the children had their first contact with sugar (r s =+0.419, p=0.001) and negative correlation with the use of pacifier (r s =-0.300, p=0.017). Conclusion: Results from this study showed that the use of the feeding bottle and pacifier were related to a shorter breastfeeding time span at these communities.
Modified Contourlet Transform and Its Application in Image Fusion

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Image fusion is a very important research field in remote sensing. Recently developed contourlet transform is a new method of multiscale geometric analysis, it can offer a much richer set of directions and shapes, and thus it is more effective than wavelet in capturing smooth contours and geometric structures in images. This paper proposed a novel modified contourlet transformation method which is more applicable in image fusion, the method combined the idea of contrast and atilde trous to realize the multiscale decomposition of images. Then this new modified contourlet transform was uses to develop an algorithm of fusing panchromatic and multispectral remote sensing images. Experimental results showed that the proposed algorithm can obtain preferable results.
Antibody to endotoxin in the treatment of gram-negative sepsis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The following letter was received after the authors had written their reply. —Ed.

To the Editor.

—Both studies of antiendotoxin monoclonal antibodies in sepsis1,2clearly showed that the enrolled population with presumed gram-negative sepsis who received these products did not benefit more than those who received placebo. As a consequence, the data were reanalyzed after as many as 60% of those enrolled had been excluded. Both products were then shown to benefit the remaining subpopulation. However, statistical significance in the remaining 40% of enrollees is not very strong justification for the administration of antiendotoxin therapy to every patient who may have gram-negative bacteremia if there is no way to identify the important subgroup in advance. Thus, both studies create an urgent need for effective bedside criteria for use of these products. Clearly, it is not possible to identify gram-negative bacteremia, but it does not necessarily follow that patients
Effect of Succinic Acid 2,2-Dimethylhyrazide on the Growth of Marigold in Long and Short Photoperiods1

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Succinic acid 2, 2-dimethylhydrazide (Alar) was applied as a foliar spray to ‘Sovereign’, an F 1 cultivar of Tagetes erecta L., grown in a complete nutrient solution. Alar was applied weekly as a foliar spray at concn of 500, 1000, and 2000 ppm to plants grown under both short and long days. Short day control plants were shorter, flowered earlier, and had shorter leaves than the long day control plants. In each photoperiod, all plants treated with Alar were significantly shorter than the controls because of shorter in tern odes. Dry wt of the tops of treated plants were significantly less than the controls, but the dry wt of the roots were not significantly different. Leaf length and no. of nodes were not affected by the different concn. In short days, Alar delayed flowering up to 8 days, but did not affect the size of the terminal flower.
Penerapan Akuntansi Berbasis Akrual Dengan Menggunakan Aplikasi SAIBA Pada Kementerian Sosial RI

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The writing of this Final Project aims to find out how the Application of Accrual-Based Accounting using the SAIBA Application, what are the obstacles in implementing accrual-based accounting at the Ministry of Social Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia. The method used is descriptive and obtained through field studies. The results of the observations obtained by the author in the application of accrual-based accounting using the SAIBA application at the Ministry of Social Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia are in accordance with Government Accounting Standards, and must be maintained because it makes it easier to compile financial statements, and can be seen in more detail the type of realization in detail. The ability of Human Resources in understanding the system for compiling financial reports is already owned by each security guard, but employees who do not have a background in accounting or economics can take advantage of application training. This also prevents the disconnection of knowledge about the preparation of financial statements. It is expected to monitor the SAIBA application regularly so that all problems in the SAIBA application are corrected and refined in order to present financial reports that produce more accurate and accountable information.
Vitamin D Contents in Edible Mushrooms

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTVitamin D Contents in Edible MushroomsPirjo H. Mattila, Vieno I. Piironen, Esko J. Uusi-Rauva, and Pekka E. KoivistoinenCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1994, 42, 11, 2449–2453Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf00047a016https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00047a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1225Altmetric-Citations119LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
NUTRITIONAL INTERVENTIONS IN FRAILTY IN OLDER ADULTS: A NARRATIVE REVIEW ON THE CURRENT EVIDENCE

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT In recent years there has been an increase in elderly population and frailty. Although there is no universal definition of frailty, the most used is the frailty phenotype defined by Fried et al. (2001). Unbalanced eating habits and/or an inadequate nutritional status are modifiable risk factors for frailty. The aim of this literature review is to analyse the role of nutrition in frailty’s treatment in community-dwelling, institutionalized and hospitalized older adults. Regardless the setting, educational strategies, food fortification, supplementation, multidisciplinary and individualized interventions are important and effective strategies for frailty’s treatment. In community-dwelling older adults, multifactorial interventions that combine nutritional education and supplementation seem to be effective in treating frailty. In institutionalized older adults, multifactorial intervention that include protein-energy, vitamin D, calcium and fiber and physical exercise improves nutritional status and also physical capacity. In hospital setting, the most effective strategy is an individualized approach regarding patients’ favourite foods, additional snacks, the use of oral nutritional supplements or use protein-enriched foods and artificial nutrition when necessary. Further studies are needed in order to establish specific recommendations for the intervention in the prevention and treatment of frailty in older adults.
Rapidly progressive adenomatous polyposis in a patient with germline mutations in both the APC and MLH1 genes: the worst of two worlds

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The two most common inherited forms of colorectal cancer are familial adenomatous polyposis and hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer. Simultaneous inheritance of both an APC gene mutation and a mismatch repair gene (for example, MLH1 ) mutation has never been described. In the present case report, we report rapidly progressive adenomatous polyposis in a 10 year old boy with a germline frame shift mutation in the APC gene and a germline splice site mutation in the MLH1 gene. Immunohistochemical investigations showed abnormal expression of β-catenin in early adenomas with low grade dysplasia, attributed to the APC gene mutation. Subsequent loss of function of the MLH1 gene, as shown by absent immunostaining of its protein in adenomas with high grade dysplasia, may well have caused the rapid progression to high grade dysplasia in many of the adenomas.
Are Brady Lists (aka Liar’s Lists) the Scarlet Letter for Law Enforcement Officers? A Need for Expansion and Uniformity

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Some police officers in the United States are finding themselves on Brady Lists, also referred to as Liar’s Lists. The lists are kept to be in compliance with the landmark case of Brady v. Maryland (1963), which requires prosecutors to reveal exculpatory material (material which would be favorable to their case) to defense attorneys. Although the case is 50 years old, how prosecutors and police are complying with Brady in regard to dishonesty and police officers is in its infancy. This is an exploratory look at how King County Washington, a jurisdiction in the forefront of this issue, handles their Brady List. It looks at the incentives and disincentives of the formal lists and the stigma attached for police officers.