jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Systolic array architecture implementation of parasitic-insensitive switched-capacitor filters

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A systematic procedure is developed for implementing switched-capacitor filters in systolic array architecture. The most complete signal flow graphs that satisfy the conditions of a systolic array, and also the general first-and second-order transfer functions, are considered. A step-by-step reduction procedure is then developed for the second-order signal flow graphs that yield structures which can be implemented with a minimal amount of hardware in LSI/VLSI technology. Implementation of switched-capacitor filters using these reduced signal flow graphs is discussed. Some structures that are not strictly systolic are also considered for second-order filters. Generation of parasitic-insensitive second-order switched-capacitor filters using systolic array architecture are, however, treated in detail, both for biphase (two-phase) and for four-phase clocking schemes. Guidelines for minimising the total capacitance are given and the sensitivity characteristics are provided. Systolic array architecture realisation of a higher-order switched-capacitor filter is illustrated. Results obtained from a bandpass switched-capacitor filter, implemented on a VLSI workstation (SUN) supporting a 3 μm CMOS technology, are reported. Simulation results for a fourth-order filter realised using systolic array architecture are provided.
Fabrication of Second Generation Smarter PLGA Based Nanocrystal Carriers for Improvement of Drug Delivery and Therapeutic Efficacy of Gliclazide in Type-2 Diabetes Rat Model

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Drug delivery and therapeutic challenges of gliclazide, a BCS class II drug used in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) can be overcome by exploring smarter carriers of second-generation nanocrystals (SGNCs). A combined method of emulsion diffusion, high-pressure homogenization and solvent evaporation method were employed in the preparation of gliclazide loaded poly (D, L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) SGNCs. Taguchi experimental design was adopted in fabrication of Gliclazide SGNc using Gliclazide -PLGA ratio at 1:0.5, 1:0.75, 1:1 with stabilizer (Poloxamer-188, PEG 4000, HPMC E15 at 0.5, 0.75, 1% w/v). The formulated gliclazide of SGNCs were investigated for physicochemical properties, in vitro drug release, and in vivo performance studies using type-2 diabetes rat model. The formulation (SGNCF1) with Drug: PLGA 1: 0.5 ratio with 0.5% w/v Poloxamer-188 produced optimized gliclazide SGNCs. SGNCF1 showed spherical shape, small particle size (106.3 ± 2.69 nm), good zeta potential (−18.2 ± 1.30 mV), small PDI (0.222 ± 0.104) and high entrapment efficiency (86.27 ± 0.222%). The solubility, dissolution rate and bioavailability of gliclazide SGNCs were significantly improved compared to pure gliclazide. The findings emphasize gliclazide SGNCs produce faster release initially, followed by delayed release with improved bioavailability, facilitate efficient delivery of gliclazide in T2DM with better therapeutic effect.
Decreasing the number of ovulations in the rabbit with surgical division of the blood vessels between the fallopian tube and ovary.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The effect of surgical division of the anastomotic blood vessels between the ovary and the fimbria upon the number of ovulations in that ovary was tested in 32 New Zealand white rabbits. A significant reduction in the number of ovulations occurred, from an average of 5.6 for the control ovary to 3.3 for the experimental ovary (p less than 0.01). This finding suggests that every effort be made to preserve the tuboovarian blood supply in women at the time of reconstructive fertility surgery.
Photoinhibition of photosystems I and II using chlorophyll fluorescence measurements

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In this study the photoinhibition of photosystems (PS) I and II caused by exposure to high intensity light in oat (Avena sativa, var Prevision) is measured by the emission of chlorophyll fluorescence in intact leaves adapted to darkness. The maximal quantum yield of PS II was lower in plants grown under high light intensity than in plants grown under low intensity, which indicates that PS II is photoinhibited by such conditions. PS I was more stable than PS II in plants exposed to strong light for a moderate time (five photoperiods) since the oxidised plastoquinone pool size under far-red (FR) light was similar in plants grown under high light intensity to plants grown under low intensity, probably as a result of the cyclic electron flow around PS I being stimulated in response to high light intensity. However, over longer times (10 photoperiods) the PS I was photoinhibited, since the oxidised plastoquinone pool size under FR light increased as a consequence of the decrease in PS I activity caused by high light intensity. This practical is intended for advanced students of plant biochemistry and plant physiology.
Got Caries? Breast milk and Early Childhood Caries?

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Objective: To provide an analysis of the association between the longevity of breastfeeding and development of ECC. Determine the optimal time frame in which mothers should cease breastfeeding to reduce ECC development. Methods: Dr. Brickhouse, PubMed, Google Scholar and other scholarly databases were utilized to find current scientific evidence on the effects of breast milk on ECC. Relevant articles were summarized to write a review of literature. 16 articles published from 2015 to the present date were reviewed and cited. Results: From the studies, there is strong evidence to support breastfeeding beyond 12 months of age increases the prevalence of ECC. Furthermore, increased frequency and duration of breastfeeding leads to higher incidence of ECC. Conclusion: Findings indicate dental health care providers should recommend either ceasing breastfeeding at 12 months of age or provide ECC prevention education to caregivers. Further research is required to minimize data discrepancies between US and international countries.
The longitudinal energy spread of ion beams extracted from an electron cyclotron resonance ion source

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We present a study of factors affecting the energy spread of ion beams extracted from a Charge Breeder Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Source (CB-ECRIS). The comprehensive simulations, supported by experiments with a Retarding Field Analyser (RFA), reveal that the longitudinal and transverse energy spread of the extracted beams are strongly affected by the electrostatic focusing effects, namely the extraction geometry and plasma beam boundary, to the extent that the electrostatic effects dominate over the magnetic field induced rotation of the beam or the effect of plasma potential and ion temperature. The dominance of the electrostatic focusing effect over the magnetic field induced rotation complicates parametric studies of the transverse emittance as a function of the magnetic field strength, and comparison of emittance values obtained with different ion sources having different extraction designs. Our results demonstrate that the full ion beam energy spread, relevant for the downstream accelerator, can be measured with the RFA only when all ions are collected. On the contrary, studying the effect of plasma properties (plasma potential and ion temperature) on the longitudinal energy spread requires heavy collimation of the beam accepting only ions near the symmetry axis of the beam for which the electrostatic and magnetic effects are suppressed. As the extraction system of the CB-ECRIS is similar to a conventional ECRIS, the conclusions of the study can be generalised to apply for all high charge state ECR ion sources. Finally, we present the results of systematic plasma potential measurements of the Phoenix-type CB-ECRIS at LPSC, varying the source potential, the microwave power and the axial magnetic field srength. It was observed that the plasma potential increases with the extraction magnetic field and the microwave power.
Godly accountability: reflection on ethics for zakat accountants

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Purpose - This research aims to explore the forms of accountability of zakat institutions and their importance and to uncover the meaning of accountability from zakat accountants.Method - To achieve this goal, this study uses qualitative methods with a phenomenological approach. There are three key informants interviewed in this study. Data analysis in this study was divided into four stages: bracketing, noema, noesis, and eidetic reduction.Result - This study found that accountability is reflected in financial reporting and accountability is essential for zakat institutions to increase good governance and trust in the community. Accountability can be interpreted as having faith and ethics, righteousness, accountability to God, and accountability to humans.Implication - Internalizing ethics to become a zakat accountant is more honest and professional and upholds integrity in carrying out its duties.Originality - This research discusses the meaning of accountability from zakat accountant’s perspective and forms of accountability in zakat institutions. Empirical findings can be used to develop insight into accountability in zakat institutions.
Mobile E-Portfolios on Google Sites: A Tool for Enhancing Project-Based Learning

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Project-based learning is a student-centered approach to learning that emphasizes hands-on experiences, collaboration, and real-world problem-solving. The process of evaluating students' learning outcomes in a learning project, however, faces numerous challenges. This study investigates the potential of mobile e-portfolios on the Google Sites platform as a means of enhancing project-based learning in the field of physics education. The study utilized a quasi-experimental design with two groups: an experimental group and a control group. The data collected from the pre-test and post-test were analyzed using a t-test to determine the significance of the difference in the mean scores between the experimental group and the control group. The questionnaire data were analyzed using descriptive statistics to identify patterns and trends in student feedback. The results show that the use of mobile e-portfolios on the Google Sites platform significantly enhanced student interest and learning outcomes. After the pedagogical experiment, the experimental group's test scores (7.92) were higher than the control group's (5.22). According to the findings of the survey questionnaire given to the experimental group, the majority of students indicated that using mobile e-portfolios boosted their involvement and motivation to learning, as well as their ability to plan and present their project work. In conclusion, the findings of this study suggest that mobile e-portfolios on Google Sites can be an effective tool for enhancing project-based learning.
Threat modelling on nuclear and radioactive materials based on intelligent approach

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Threat modelling and assessments are the processes of gathering, organising and analysing existing or potential threats and deemed to have the capabilities to commit a malicious act. Potential adversaries who may attempt unauthorised removal of nuclear materials (NM) or other radioactive materials (RM) for which a physical protection system (PPS) is designed, and therefore must be assessed and prevented. In case of an undesired condition, the authorities have to carry out analytic activities to detect risky circumstances. Hence, in spite of the various methods for threat modelling, it is essential to systematically analyse these threats. Therefore, in this paper, a threat modelling technique by using fuzzy logic based intelligent approach is designed. The technique involves linking the relationship between input parameters of capability, intent, material and vulnerability and output parameter of threat level for nuclear and radioactive materials and their adaptation for the early forecast of irregular behaviour. For inputs overall capabilities 70%, overall likelihood 60%, and impact 60%, the output threat level is estimated as 76.5% for the domestic group deploying an RDD at an annual celebration. Results obtained from the study show the good performance of the developed model as compared to results considering single fuzzy inference system (SFIS).
Doctoral Studentsâ€™ Academic Supervision: A Systematic Review of Approaches to Conceptualization and Empirical Analysis

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The article presents a systematic review of theoretical and methodological approaches to the conceptualization and empirical study of doctoral studentsâ€™ supervision. Three approaches (mentoring, doctoral student-centered, and environmental) are distinguished depending on the main responsibility for the result. The mentoring approach attributes the responsibility for the result to the supervisor. This approach is generally associated with the so-called Â«apprentice modelÂ», which understands the doctoral student as a Â«neophyteÂ» introduced to the academic world by the supervisor. The doctoral student-centered approach is characterized by imposing the responsibility mainly on the doctoral student. This approach assumes a more active role of the doctoral student and goes back to the models of student-centered pedagogy. The environmental approach focuses on studying the role of the environment and on the issues related to the academic and social integration of doctoral students. All these approaches notably have a number of limitations due to their concentration on certain factors of the educational process and less attention to the dynamic and relative nature of various aspects of academic supervision and its relationship with the effectiveness of doctoral training. There is substantiated the importance of developing a relational approach, which would synthesize the key points of the three approaches considered, and assume a distributed model of responsibility within the academic supervision. As it understands Â«learning alliancesÂ» more broadly than pairs or teams of scientific supervisors and graduate students, this approach focuses not only on the activity of individual actors, but also on the system of relationships between them.
INVESTIGATING THE MOLECULAR GENETIC FUNDAMENTALS OF CANCER BIOLOGY AND THE PROCESS OF BIOMEDICAL ADVANCEMENTS WITHIN AN UPPER-LEVEL UNDERGRADUATE COURSE.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

We outline an advanced undergraduate course in Cancer Biology characterized by an inquiry-driven approach, blending faculty lectures typical of undergraduate settings with literature-based discussions akin to those in graduate courses. Serving as a capstone course, its primary objectives include synthesizing knowledge from preceding coursework in physiology, cell and molecular biology, genetics, and chemistry to foster a contemporary comprehension of cancer and its treatment modalities.
Budgerigar-fancier's lung: the commonest variety of allergic alveolitis in Britain.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A questionnaire survey of 1005 consecutive attenders at four outpatient clinics yielded 117 (12%) budgerigar fanciers (exposed to budgerigars- known in North America as parakeets-for at least three months) and 296 (29%) former fanciers. Twnety had precipitins to budgerigar serum or droppings or both, and 10 of these together with 39 precipitin-negative patients reported undue breathlessness on exertion during exposure to buderigars. These 59 patients were investigated further, seven completing a series of inhalation provocation tests with budgerigar antigens designed to confirm or exclude budgerigar-fancier's lung (BrFL). Typical positive responses were obtained from four current and one former fancier. The prevalence of confirmed BrFL among the 11n current budgerigar fanciers was 3.4% (four cases). This was biased, however, by the inclusion of one patient whose attendance at the surveyed clinic was attributable to the disease. With the exclusion of this patient, confidence limits suggested that the true prevalence of BrFL among current budgerigar fanciers in the general population lies between 0.5% and 7.5%, which is similar to the prevalence of farmer's lung in farm workers. In view of the enormous population at risk, however, this implies that BrFL rather than farmer's lung is by far the commonest type of allergic alveolitis in Britain.
Rhodovulum algae sp. nov., isolated from an algal mat

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

A reddish-brown-pigmented, phototrophic bacterium, designated strain JA877T, was isolated from a brown algae mat sample collected from Jalandhar beach, Gujarat, India. On the basis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence, strain JA877T belongs to the class Alphaproteobacteria and is closely related to the type strains Rhodovulum viride JA756T (99.0 %), Rhodovulum sulfidophilum Hansen W4T (98.9 %), Rhodovulumvisakhapatnamense JA181T (98.8 %),Rhodovulum kholense JA297T (97.5 %) and Rhodovulum salis JA746T (97.0). However, strain JA877T showed only 20-45 % relatedness with its phylogenetic neighbours and had a ∆Tm between 5.8 and 7.0 °C. The major respiratory quinone was ubiquinone-10 (Q10), and the polar lipid profile was composed of the major components phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified phospholipid, two unidentified sulfolipids and five unidentified lipids. The major fatty acids were C18 : 1ω5c, C18 : 1ω7c/C18 : 1ω6c, C16 : 0 and C18 : 0. The DNA G+C content was 64.5 mol%. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, physiological data, and chemotaxonomic and molecular differences, strain JA877T is signiﬁcantly different from other species of the genus Rhodovulum and represents a novel species, for which the name Rhodovulum algae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is JA877T (=LMG 29228T= KCTC 42963T).
Spectra of irradiated polyamides

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Differential spectra have been obtained of a number of irradiated polyamides and monomeric amides. These spectra indicate that both free radical and molecular products are produced as primary products. The transient colored products (which are believed to be free radicals) and molecular products appear to be in the amine portion of the molecvle for the most part. The approximate G yield for radical production in nylon 66 is 5.8, and the approximate molar extinction coefficient of the free radical at 355 mμ is 690.
Synthesis, conformational analysis, and biological evaluation of peptides from E. coli P pilus proteins

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Many bacteria utilize hairlike protein appendages (pili) to attach themselves to mucosal cell surfaces in the host organism. The pilus is assembled from protein subunits synthesized inside the bacteria and transported to the outer cell wall for incorporation into the growing pilus. During the transport the pilus proteins are attached to a chaperone that protects them from aggregation and protelotyic degradation. In this thesis, the molecular details of the interactions between E. coli chaperone PapD and synthetic peptides have been investigated. Peptides derived from the uropathogenic E. coli P pilus subunit proteins were synthesized according to the Fmoc solid phase synthesis strategy using different techniques. The binding of the chaperone PapD to the pilus protein derived peptides was investigated in an inhibition ELISA. We concluded that peptides from the adhesin PapG are the most efficient inhibitors of PapD. The inhibitory powers of two series of peptides where the amino acids in octamer PapG peptides had been changed, one by one, to alanine or serine pin-pointed three residues as essential for recognintion and binding of PapG peptides to PapD. In addition, backbone-backbone hydrogen bonding was critical for binding. The conformational propensities of 19-mer carboxyl terminal peptides derived from the pilus proteins were studied in solution using NMR- and CD spectroscopy. We concluded that the peptides derived from the pilus adhesin seemed to have a higher preference for extended, b-strand conformations than the other peptides in the study. We propose that the high binding affinity of PapG derived peptides for PapD is the result of a combination of a higher preference for extended structures as well as favourable side chain interactions with PapD.
The Politics of the Sumposion

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Among other institutions important for displaying and shaping social identity, one thinks particularly of the formalized drinking-party, the sumposion, structured as a microcosm of polis life. This article notes that the symposium provides a safe context for what might otherwise be potentially subversive reflection on the city itself, but also, and at the same time, for the individual's reflection on himself as a member of the city. As it happens, the institution also illustrates in microcosm the way in which the historical polis perpetuates itself as an idea, or ideal of hellenicity: for it is quickly elevated from historical contingency to an enduring literary genre, still alive and well in the period of Roman occupation through writers such as Plutarch and Athenaeus.
Carcinoma of Conjunctiva

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract The TNM system is used to describe and classify cancer stages and progression based on the assessment of three components: T The extent of the primary tumour N The absence or presence and extent of regional lymph node metastasis M The absence or presence of distant metastasis. TNM classification for the above site is described under the following headings: Rules for classification with the procedures for assessing T, N, and M categories; additional methods may be used when they enhance the accuracy of appraisal before treatment Anatomical sites and subsites where appropriate Definition of the regional lymph nodes TNM Clinical classification pTNM Pathological classification G Histopathological grading Stage grouping Summary
The mythology of feedback

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Much of the general education and discipline-specific literature on feedback suggests that it is a central and important element of student learning. This paper examines feedback from a social process perspective and suggests that feedback is best understood through an analysis of the interactions between academics and students. The paper argues that these two groups will have their own mythology of feedback and that this will inform their beliefs, attitudes and behaviours in the feedback process. Where there are different mythologies, the outcome will be dissonance. The paper reports on a study in which a 15-item questionnaire was distributed to academics and students in a School of Law and a School of Management. Responses were received from 91 academics and 1197 students. The data suggests that academics and students have different perceptions of feedback and this creates dissonance as the two groups offer different interpretations of the same feedback events.