jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Intracellular dynamics of archaeal FANCM homologue Hef in response to halted DNA replication

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Hef is an archaeal member of the DNA repair endonuclease XPF (XPF)/Crossover junction endonuclease MUS81 (MUS81)/Fanconi anemia, complementation group M (FANCM) protein family that in eukaryotes participates in the restart of stalled DNA replication forks. To investigate the physiological roles of Hef in maintaining genome stability in living archaeal cells, we studied the localization of Hef–green fluorescent protein fusions by fluorescence microscopy. Our studies revealed that Haloferax volcanii Hef proteins formed specific localization foci under regular growth conditions, the number of which specifically increased in response to replication arrest. Purification of the full-length Hef protein from its native host revealed that it forms a stable homodimer in solution, with a peculiar elongated configuration. Altogether our data indicate that the shape of Hef, significant physicochemical constraints and/or interactions with DNA limit the apparent cytosolic diffusion of halophilic DNA replication/repair complexes, and demonstrate that Hef proteins are dynamically recruited to archaeal eukaryotic-like chromatin to counteract DNA replication stress. We suggest that the evolutionary conserved function of Hef/FANCM proteins is to enhance replication fork stability by directly interacting with collapsed replication forks.
MiFID 2.0: Casting New Light on Europe's Capital Markets: Report of the ECMI-CEPS Task Force on the MiFID Review

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

In a context of growing uncertainty about the future of Europe's capital markets, the review of a fundamental piece of legislation such as the Markets in Financial Instruments Directive (MiFID) offers a significant opportunity to strengthen the role of the internal market and to regain investors' confidence. MiFID regulates investment services across the 27 member states of the European Union plus Iceland, Norway, and Liechtenstein. It has changed the landscape of European capital markets in many ways, leading to a more competitive environment, huge investments in technologies, and greater investor protection. It has at the same time brought the EU and the U.S. markets closer together. This timely, well-documented report finds that the review of MiFID should clarify intended scopes, fill gaps in the legal text, and harmonize supervisory practices among member states. It should also make sure that the benefits of a new competitive environment are spread along the value chain and passed on to the final users, both retail and wholesale investors.
The pathogenesis of inflammatory polyps

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Eighty-six consecutive colonic resection specimens for inflammatory bowel disease were studied to determine the modes of inflammatory polyp formation. The two major groups of inflammatory polyps were polypoid mucosal tags due to undermining ulceration and mature inflammatory polyps composed of mucosa, muscularis mucosae, and a submucosal core. Mature inflammatory polyps were derived from polypoid mucosal tags after regeneration and the adjacent mucosa showed regenerative changes and submucosal scarring. The study confirms that ulceration which undermines the muscularis mucosae is the major precursor of inflammatory polyps.
Numerical results for U(1) gauge theory on 2d and 4d non‐commutative spaces

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract We present non‐perturbative results for U (1) gauge theory in spaces, which include a non‐commutative plane. In contrast to the commutative space, such gauge theories involve a Yang‐Mills term, and the Wilson loop is complex on the non‐perturbative level. We first consider the 2d case: small Wilson loops follow an area law, whereas for large Wilson loops the complex phase rises linearly with the area. In four dimensions the behavior is qualitatively similar for loops in the non‐commutative plane, whereas the loops in other planes follow closely the commutative pattern. In d = 2 our results can be extrapolated safely to the continuum limit, and in d = 4 we report on recent progress towards this goal.
Unusual Late Metastasis of Adamantinoma Presenting Thirty Years After Resection of Original Tumor

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Ray, Robbie MBChB, MRCS1; Beesley, Matt MBChB1; Patton, James T. MBChB, FRCS(Tr&Orth)1; Salter, Donald MBChB, PhD, FRCPath1; Porter, Daniel MBChB, MD, FRCS(Glas), FRCS(Ed), FRCS(Tr&Orth)1 Author Information
A Study on Chinese Teachers' Competence, Challenges and Ability to Handle the Challenges at International Schools in Bangkok, Thailand

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This research aimed to study the Chinese Teachers’ Competence, teaching challenges and their ability to handle those challenges at International Schools in Bangkok. The research used a quantitative and qualitative mixed design. Questionnaires and interviews with 99 Chinese teachers from the 37 sampling international schools in Bangkok were conducted. The findings implied that international schools’ Chinese teachers in Bangkok had a highly qualified profile; their competence including pre-instruction, presence, learning environment, students learning and professionalism was high. Students’ diversity, classroom management, school support, parental involvement, selection of teaching materials were ranked as the Top five challenges that Chinese teachers faced in their classroom. It was also found that the Chinese teachers had the high ability of handling the challenges, and there were a positive correlation between the Chinese teachers’ competence and their ability of handling these challenges.
Reclaiming the Nation: Muslim Women and the law in India

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Living in pluralist India has had critical consequences for Muslim women who are expected to follow a determined and strict code of conduct. The impact of this contradiction is most evident in the continuing denial of gender equality within the family, as state regulation of gender roles in the private sphere ultimately affects the status of women in the public sphere. Reclaiming the Nation examines the relationship between gender and nation in post-colonial India through the lens of marginalized Muslim women. Drawing on feminist legal theory, postcolonial feminist theory, and critical race theory, Vrinda Narain explores the idea of citizenship as a potential vehicle for the emancipation of Muslim women. Citizenship, Narain argues, opens the possibility for Indian women to reclaim a sense of selfhood free from imposed identities. In promoting the hybridity of culture and the modernity of tradition, Narain shows how oppositional categories such as public versus private, Muslim versus feminist, and Western versus Indian have been used to deny women equal rights. A timely account of the struggle for liberation within a restrictive religious framework, Reclaiming the Nation is an insightful look at gender, nationhood, and the power of self-determination.
S104 Double-blind Multi-centre Randomised Controlled Trial Of Vitamin D3 Supplementation In Copd (vidico)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<sec><st>Introduction and objectives</st> Inadequate vitamin D status is common in patients with COPD, and it associates with susceptibility to upper respiratory infection (URI) – a major precipitant of exacerbation. Multi-centre trials of vitamin D supplementation for prevention of exacerbation and URI in COPD are lacking. We therefore conducted a multi-centre double-blind randomised placebo-controlled trial of vitamin D supplementation for the prevention of moderate/severe exacerbation and URI in adults with COPD. </sec> <sec><st>Methods</st> Two hundred and forty patients were allocated to receive a 2-monthly oral dose of 3 mg vitamin D<inf>3</inf> or placebo for one year. Co-primary outcomes were time to first moderate/severe exacerbation and time to first URI. Secondary outcomes included peak severity and area under the curve for exacerbation symptoms. A pre-specified sub-group analysis was conducted to determine whether effects of the intervention on co-primary outcomes were modified by baseline vitamin D status. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT00977873). </sec> <sec><st>Results</st> 122 participants were allocated to the intervention arm of the trial, and 118 to the control arm. Vitamin D supplementation did not influence time to first exacerbation (HR 0.86, 95% CI 0.60–1.24, p = 0.42) or time to first URI (HR 0.95, 95% CI 0.69–1.31, p = 0.75) in the study population as a whole, but it did reduce peak severity (p = 0.042) and area under the curve (p = 0.032) for exacerbation symptoms. Pre-specified sub-group analysis revealed that vitamin D supplementation was protective against moderate/severe exacerbation among the 148 participants with baseline serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) concentration < 50 nmol/L (aHR 0.57, 95% CI 0.35 to 0.92, p = 0.021), but not among the 92 participants with baseline serum 25(OH)D ≥ 50 nmol/L (aHR 1.45, 95% CI 0.81 to 2.62, p = 0.21; P for interaction = 0.021). Baseline vitamin D status did not modify the effect of vitamin D supplementation on risk of URI (P for interaction = 0.41). </sec> <sec><st>Conclusions</st> Vitamin D supplementation protected against moderate/severe exacerbation, but not upper respiratory infection, in COPD patients with baseline 25(OH)D < 50 nmol/L. It also modestly reduced peak severity and area under the curve for exacerbation symptom scores, irrespective of baseline vitamin D status. </sec>
Nigerian back school model: development and effect on industrial workers' knowledge of back pain and back care.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Back schools are health education programmes on back pain. Many back schools have been developed for different populations since 1969 when the first one was developed in Sweden, but none for the Nigerian setting. The need to develop a back school that would be appropriate for the Nigerian environment was therefore identified. As a step towards its development, this preliminary study was carried out to determine the effect of a back school model (BSM) on some Nigerian industrial workers' knowledge of low back pain and back care. The subjects were 110 workers of a soap industry in Lagos, Nigeria. Apre-test, post-test quasi-experimental design was used. The BSM consisted of two 45 minute teaching sessions on structure and functions of the back, epidemiology and causes of back pain, correct postures and demonstration of exercises that may prevent/alleviate back pain. Data on demographic information, low back pain (LBP) experience, knowledge of back structure and back care were collected using a questionnaire with closed ended questions, which was completed before, immediately after and 8-weeks after BSM administration. The results showed that the subjects' mean knowledge score increased significantly from an initial value of 16.1 + 5.3 to 24.0 + 5.6 (p < 0.05) immediately after and 23.1 + 3.9 (p < 0.05) 8 weeks after BSM administration. Educational attainment had no influence on subjects' knowledge scores before or 8 weeks after BSM administration. Reported experience of LBP and duration on the job had no significant influence on subjects' knowledge scores before, immediately or 8-weeks following BSM administration. It was concluded that the BSM was effective in improving the workers' knowledge of LBP and back care. We believe that this findingjustifies the effort to develop the Nigerian model of back school.
Components of U3 snoRNA-containing Complexes Shuttle between Nuclei and the Cytoplasm and Differentially Localize in Nucleoli: Implications for Assembly and Function

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

U3 small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) and associated proteins are required for the processing of preribosomal RNA (pre-rRNA) and assembly of preribosomes. There are two major U3 snoRNA-containing complexes. The monoparticle contains U3 snoRNA and the core Box C/D snoRNA-associated proteins and an early preribosome-associated complex contains the monoparticle and additional factors that we refer to as preribosome-associated proteins. To address how and where the U3 snoRNA-containing preribosome assembles and how these processes are temporally and spatially regulated, we have examined the dynamics and distribution of human U3 complex-associated components in cells with active or inactive transcription of rDNA. We found that U3 complex-associated proteins shuttle between the nucleus and the cytoplasm independent of the synthesis and export of preribosomal particles, suggesting that the shuttling of these proteins may either provide opportunities for their regulation, or contribute to or modulate ribosome export. In addition, monoparticle and preribosome associated components predominantly localize to different nucleolar substructures, fibrillar components, and granular components, respectively, in active nucleoli, and partition separately into the two components during nucleolar segregation induced by inhibition of pol I transcription. Although the predominant localizations of these two sets of factors differ, there are significant areas of overlap that may represent the sites where they reside as a single complex. These results are consistent with a model in which U3 monoparticles associate with the fibrillar components of nucleoli and bind pre-rRNA during transcription, triggering recruitment of preribosome-associated proteins to assemble the complex necessary for pre-rRNA processing.
An introduction to proteophilic competences: on assessing interculturality

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article aims to re-examine different ways of working with interculturality and its assessment in higher education. Following a review of various definitions of intercultural competence and misconceptions about it, a model of intercultural competence (‘proteophilic competences ’ or the appreciation of diversity) is presented and discussed. Résumé: Cet article propose une synthèse de récents travaux sur l’interculturel et son évaluation, appliqués à l’enseignement supérieur. Différentes définitions de la compétence interculturelle seront passées en revue et soumises à critique. Pour finir, un modèle de compétence interculturelle (‘compétences protéophiliques ’ ou l’appréciation de la diversité) sera proposé et discuté. Do your teachers assess interculturality in their lectures?- I don’t know how to answer this question. All I know is that there is no clear indication that they do.- Yes, I think that they do, but certainly in an abstract way, because I haven’t noticed anything.- I guess that it depends on the course (and the lecturer). (BA and MA students in French studies at the University of Turku, Finland)
Degradation of β-Amyloid by Proteolytic Antibody Light Chains

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Deposition of beta-amyloid (Abeta) is considered an important early event in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Clearance of Abeta thus represents a potential therapeutic approach. Antibody-mediated clearance of Abeta by vaccination inhibited and cleared Abeta deposition in animal models; however, inflammatory side effects were observed in humans. An alternative potentially noninflammatory approach to facilitate clearance is to proteolytically cleave Abeta. We screened 12 proteolytic recombinant antibody fragments for potential alpha-secretase activity, a naturally occurring enzyme that cleaves between the Lys16 and Leu17 residues of the amyloid precursor protein (APP). We utilized the synthetic alpha-secretase substrate, benzyloxycarbonyl-l-lysine o-nitrophenyl ester (Z-lys-o-Np) as a preliminary screen for alpha-secretase activity. Two antibody light chain fragments that hydrolyzed Z-lys-o-Np were identified. Abeta hydrolysis was studied using mass spectrometry to identify the cleavage patterns of the antibodies. The recombinant antibody light chain antibody fragment, c23.5, showed alpha-secretase-like activity, producing the 1-16 and 17-40 amino acid fragments of Abeta. The second light chain antibody fragment, hk14, demonstrated carboxypeptidase-like activity, cleaving sequentially from the carboxyl terminal of Abeta. These antibody light chains provide a novel route toward engineering efficient therapeutic antibodies capable of cleaving Abeta in vivo.
Some effects of different maskers on psychophysical performance in discrimination and detection tasks

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Psychophysical performance was measured in a number of different tasks in order to compare performance under different masking conditions. With the noise masker set to provide a given amount of masking, frequency discrimination of a 4-kHz tone was shown to be worse in a lowpass noise than in a wideband noise. Discrimination of the intensity of the tone under these two masking conditions was comparable except at the lowest level of tone. Finally, the growth of detectability with level was measured in a detection task, with a greater slope being found in lowpass noise than in wideband noise. The results are discussed in light of the differences in physiological responses observed under similar masking conditions.
Business Intelligence as a Service

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Demand for business intelligence (BI) applications continues to grow even at a time when demand for most information technology (IT) products is low, showing the importance of BI products for a modern organization. However, globalization changes the way organizations use BI, where geographic location and time independency is becoming more and more important. Gartner's hype-cycle on BI depicts the technology of BI as a Service as being almost on top of the hype cycle, indicating there are high expectations of this new technology. This research advances on existing literature on business intelligence and cloud computing from a development perspective by introducing the concept of business intelligence as a service (BIaaS). The most important deliverable is the BIaaS capability maturity model (CMM) that is introduced here. The BIaaS CMM explains the conceptual model of BIaaS by the creation of the first BIaaS capability model containing key capabilities of BIaaS. The capability model is further enhanced with maturity levels depicting the importance of each BIaaS capability, a maturity matrix suggesting a roadmap for BIaaS solution development, and a BIaaS assessment model introducing a tool for finding problem areas in existing BIaaS solutions. The developed BIaaS CMM ought to support (starting) BIaaS vendors to develop BIaaS solutions by providing an assessment tool for BIaaS solutions. The assessment outcome provides the current maturity of the BIaaS solution and also includes problem areas for solution improvement. The introduction of the CApability Maturity Positioning (CAMP) method for the development of a maturity matrix, which results in the BIaaS maturity model, is significantly different from conventional maturity modeling. To calculate the weight of each capability from the BIaaS capability model, a thorough product review of existing business intelligence and cloud computing products is performed. Analysis of the results and normalizing the outcome of that analysis together with the introduction of a calculation mapping, is input for the creation of the maturity matrix. The maturity matrix is the essential foundation for the developed business intelligence as a Service capability maturity model, which is the main deliverable of this research.
Beyond “futility thresholds”: An ethical framework for massive transfusion decisions

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Massive transfusion can be lifesaving and resource‐intensive, undertaken under time pressure, prognostic uncertainty, and variable system capability. Recent literature suggesting unit‐based “futility thresholds” risks translating population‐level mortality correlations into bedside stopping rules. Study Design and Methods This essay distinguishes three ethically distinct rationales commonly conflated under “futility”: (1) physiologic futility–inability to reach the intended clinical goal; (2) potentially inappropriate treatment–contestable judgments about benefits, burdens, and values; and (3) stewardship/rationing–opportunity costs due to scarcity. Results It introduces a fourth category: “system‐limited salvageability,” where transfusion cannot bridge to hemorrhage control within existing infrastructure, distinguishing capability‐time mismatch from patient‐centered futility. A capability‐sensitive massive transfusion protocol (MTP) time‐out is proposed, triggered by clinical trajectory rather than unit count, requiring clear rationale labeling, rapid capability assessment, and minimal documentation to support accountability. Discussion When limitations reflect capability gaps rather than patient physiology, institutions should treat these as sentinel events requiring structured review and potential systems improvement. This framework addresses the risk that unit‐based thresholds become self‐fulfilling limits or mask implicit rationing. By clarifying whether stopping reflects patient physiology or system constraints, it appropriately assigns accountability and enhances transparency in scarcity‐driven decisions while maintaining rapid clinical judgment.
Conflict and convergence: managing pluralism in planning and provision

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

There has been much research focusing on contracting and its effect on individual voluntary sector organisation, and some mapping of the extent of voluntary sector participation in joint community care planning. Each of these is a new and formal relationship with the statutory sector, and in many cases the tasks are fulfilled by the same voluntary sector worker (usually the senior paid officer of the agency). But the impact that these two new relationships have on the voluntary organisation’s perception of its dependence and inter‐dependence has received less attention. The paper will draw on structured interviews in three local authorities, with voluntary sector participants in contracts for social care, and with participants in joint community care planning groups, as well as on documentary research. It will explore the impact of the evolving roles for those seeking to operate effectively in the pluralist provision of public services. It will analyse experiences within joint community care planning structures, and will analyse experiences of contractual relationships. The paper will seek to identify the elements present in each research site which influence the culture of joint working within the two statutory/ voluntary relationships.
Towards an Estelle specification of a European intelligent networks interface for universal personal communications and multimedia communications

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we present a protocol interface, called CSTA (computer supported telecommunications applications), that links the telecommunications and data processing environments to support a variety of applications. We specify it in Estelle, one of ISO's standard description techniques for communications protocols and distributed systems. CSTA allows flexible creation of new telecommunications services and applications. It allows computer users and applications to invoke telecommunications services on the switch. The CSTA protocol has applications in intelligent networks, customization of telecommunications services, multimedia communications, and universal personalized communications.