jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Abstract P5-08-09: Synergistic cytotoxicity of digoxin and 5-fluorouracil in doxorubicin-resistant breast cancer cell lines

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract BACKGROUND: Metastatic breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer death for women in the US. Cytotoxic chemotherapy remains one of the most important systemic treatment options for breast cancer patients. To enhance the tumor response to chemotherapy, attention has been focused on agents that reverse multidrug resistance (MDR) and increase the sensitivity of tumor cells to chemical drugs. Although many reversal drugs have been identified in vitro, their clinical application has been limited due to their own toxicity. It was reported that 5 years after mastectomy, the recurrence rate of breast cancer among patients on cardiac glycoside therapy, namely digoxin or digitoxin, was almost 10 times lower as compared with those who were not on cardiac glycoside therapy. Digoxin has also been shown to inhibit hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF) and block lung metastasis in a breast cancer model. Interestingly, digoxin was demonstrated to stimulate cell death in various cell lines including breast cancer. Therefore the aim of this study was to examine the reversal effect of combined digoxin and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) on MDR resistance in human breast cell lines MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 in vitro, as well as its mechanism of action. METHODS: Wild-type and doxorubicin-resistant ER-positive (MCF-7 and MCF-7/DoxR) and triple negative (MDA-MB-231 and MDA-231/DoxR) breast cancer lines were used for this study. We have previously shown that both doxorubicin-resistant cell lines are also cross-resistant to 5-FU. Cell viability of both resistant cancer cell lines to 5-FU, digoxin, and both 5-FU with digoxin were compared to control at 96 hours of incubation both in normoxia and hypoxia using MTT assay. Western blot was used to quantify the level of HIF-1α and p-glycoprotein (P-gP). RESULTS: In both doxorubicin-resistant cell lines, sub-IC50 concentration of digoxin together with 5-FU significantly decreased the cell viabilities at 96 hours compared to single agent digoxin and 5-FU. Under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions, the same synergistic cytotoxic effects were demonstrated. Western blot revealed that HIF-1α and P-gP were decreased in both doxorubicin-resistant breast cancer cells treated with the digoxin and 5-FU combination compared to single agent digoxin or 5-FU. CONCLUSION: The combination of digoxin and 5-FU demonstrates a synergistic cytotoxic effect in doxorubicin-resistant breast cancer cell lines that is maintained under hypoxic conditions. This is, at least in part, via the inhibitory effects on both HIF-1α and P-gP. The combination of digoxin and 5-FU could be an effective clinical treatment strategy to overcome MDR in breast cancer. A phase II clinical trial is ongoing to test this hypothesis in patients with doxorubicin-resistant metastatic breast cancer. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P5-08-09.
Comparative analysis of bone grafting materials for jaw defect reconstruction

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND: Autogenous bone remains the gold standard for grafting because of its osteogenic properties; however, its use is limited. Allogeneic and xenogeneic grafts are more convenient but require meticulous preparation. Combined approaches, including the use of growth factors, represent a promising direction. Optimal material selection should be tailored to individual patient factors and the clinical context. The article compares Russian-manufactured bone grafting materials with imported counterparts and reports a histological examination of the newly formed bone tissue. AIM: To analyze newly formed bone tissue in patients following the use of contemporary bone graft materials. METHODS: A total of 79 bone-augmentation procedures were performed using xenogeneic materials—both imported and Russian-manufactured grafts; 39 of these cases were selected for histological assessment of the newly formed bone. Patients were allocated into 3 groups according to the bone-graft combinations placed at implantation: group 1, Osteomatrix, Bioimplant GAP, and Biomatrix (Konektbiopharm, Russia); group 2, Bio-Oss and Bio-Gide (Geistlich Pharma AG, Switzerland); and group 3, bioOST and bioPLATE (Cardioplant, Russia). Biopsy specimens of newly formed bone were obtained 5 months postoperatively for subsequent histological assessment of tissue and cellular architecture. RESULTS: Group 1 demonstrated predominance of mature lamellar bone with active osteoblasts and preosteoblasts. Application of the group 2 and group 3 grafts yielded high bone density and active osteogenesis, with trabecular bone formation. CONCLUSION: Clinical, radiographic, and histological data suggest that Osteomatrix, Bioimplant GAP, Biomatrix, bioOST, and bioPLATE grafting materials support uniform bone regeneration. Their regenerative potential is comparable to that of imported counterparts, indicating their viability as alternative grafting materials.
Detecting Manifestations of Neurofibromatosis: Cutaneous Diagnostic Criteria for NF1 and NF2

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Neurofibromatosis is a hereditary condition that causes tumors to form in the brain, spinal cord, and nerve regions. Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1) and Neurofibromatosis Type 2 (NF2) are the two of the most common subtypes. We performed a literature review on Pubmed under the following search and included the 24 most cited papers between 2012 and 2024: “Neurofibromatosis AND (Cutaneous OR Skin) AND (Diagnostic Criteria OR Diagnosis) AND (NF1 OR NF2)”. In our review, both types can manifest cutaneous symptoms, which aid in early detection. Between the two types, NF1 is more common with an estimated prevalence of 1 in 3000, compared to NF2’s 1 in 60,000. NF1 is distinguished by café-au-lait spots, freckling, and neurofibromas; NF2 presents similar to NF1 but may also have characteristic bilateral vestibular schwannomas. While both conditions may exhibit cutaneous manifestations, NF1 primarily presents with such features, whereas NF2 is distinguished by intracranial manifestations. Early detection of cutaneous symptoms is critical for prompt intervention and management of neurofibromatosis. More research is needed to elucidate the detection of neurofibromatosis in clinical practice as differentiation may be challenging.
Posthepatectomy Liver Failure Affects Long‐Term Function After Resection for Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background This study examined whether the severity of posthepatectomy liver failure (PLF) affected the long‐term postoperative liver recovery of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods We performed a retrospective cohort study of 395 HCC patients who underwent hepatectomy from 2004 to 2012 at the Kyoto University Hospital. The severity of PLF between postoperative days 5 and 10 was categorized according to the International Study Group of Liver Surgery criteria. We compared the Child‐Pugh (C‐P) score, platelet count (PLT), and the ratio of future remnant liver volume (FRLV) to the total liver volume (%RLV) at 3, 6, and 12 months after hepatectomy in the non‐PLF, grade A, and grade B groups. Results The non‐PLF, grade A, and grade B groups contained 272, 63, and 56 patients, respectively. The C‐P score in the grade A group recovered from 5.37 points before hepatectomy to 5.38 points at 12 months after hepatectomy. The C‐P score in the grade B group increased from 5.51 to 6.81 points at 3 months and was significantly higher (6.00 points) at 12 months than in the non‐PLF group (5.47 points). The PLT significantly decreased at 12 months in the grade B group compared with the non‐PLF group. The %RLV at 12 months in the non‐PLF, grade A, and grade B groups were 84, 83, and 78 %, respectively. The remnant liver hypertrophy in the grade B group was significantly slower than that in the non‐PLF group. Conclusions PLF severity affects long‐term liver function recovery and remnant liver hypertrophy after hepatectomy.
1369 Neonatal Morbidity in Hypertensive Pregnancy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Research conducted at the Gynaecology-obstetrics and neonatology department of the Health Center Vranje in 2011./2012 included 80 mothers and 80 infants. The study included 40 mothers of patients with hypertensive syndrome in pregnancy and 40 mothers and infants in the control group. Hypertension is registered in the 3–7&percnt; of pregnant women. The average age of pregnant women from the control group was 31 years and 26 years. For mothers with hypertension, the labor was completed in 28 (70&percnt;) by caesarean section and only in 12 (30&percnt;) spontaneously, whereas in the control group leads spontaneously in 32 (80&percnt;) mothers. The average body weight of infants of mothers suffering from hypertensive syndrome was 2970 grams in the control group was 3235 grams. Average Apgar score (cumulative score of cardiorespiratory function of newborns and nerve function) in the study group in the first minute was 6.55, in the fifth 7.78, while in the control average Apgar score in the first minute is 7.67, and in the fifth minute 8.73. Infants of mothers suffering from hypertensive syndrome in pregnancy have lower values of erythrocytes, pH, PO2 and PCO2 greater value. Duration of hospitalization, mothers suffering from hypertension of the newborn is longer. The observed groups There were no maternal or fetal mortality.
Cisplatin, vindesine and bleomycin (CVB) combination chemotherapy of advanced non-small cell lung cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Fifty-four patients with advanced squamous, large-cell or adeno-carcinoma of the lung were treated with a three drug regimen of high-dose cisplatin, vindesine and a four-day bleomycin infusion (CVB). All patients had measurable disease; none had previously received chemotherapy. Of 52 patients evaluable for response, 20 (38%) had complete or partial remissions. The median duration of remission was 8 months (range, 6 1/2-19+ months), with eight patients continuing in remission. The median duration of survival for responding patients was 16 months versus five months for nonresponding patients (P greater than 0.001). Toxicity included mild to moderate myelosuppression, peripheral neuropathy, and nephrotoxicity, and was generally manageable. The addition of a four-day bleomycin infusion did not appear to offer a significant advantage over the combination of high-dose cisplatin and vindesine in the treatment of NSCLC. The response rate and survival duration produced by the CVB protocol were similar to those reported for the two-drug combination of vindesine and high-dose cisplatin.
Research on Control Metherm of Adaptive Lighting system in Intelligent Building

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

With the development of the city, more and more intelligent buildings have been built. The problem of energy waste is becoming more and more prominent. As an important part of the intelligent building, the lighting system is also recognized as an important source of energy waste. Therefore, it is an urgent problem to study the control method of an adaptive lighting system from the perspective of the lighting system. In this paper, the control method of an adaptive lighting system is studied from the most common office environment in the intelligent building. In this paper, the factors related to the adaptive control system of an intelligent building, LED lighting, artificial neural network, the vision of office personnel, etc., and the office model of the adaptive control system is constructed. The overall architecture design of hardware and software is put forward, and the related tests are carried out at last. Through the research of this method, it can guarantee the lighting effect of high comfort for the related users in the office environment of the intelligent building and can reduce the waste of electric power, so as to achieve the energy saving effect of high-efficiency energy utilization.
Detecting load redistribution attacks via support vector models

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

A machine learning‐based detection framework is proposed to detect a class of cyber‐attacks that redistribute loads by modifying measurements. The detection framework consists of a multi‐output support vector regression (SVR) load predictor and a subsequent support vector machine (SVM) attack detector to determine the existence of load redistribution (LR) attacks utilising loads predicted by the SVR predictor. Historical load data for training the SVR are obtained from the publicly available PJM zonal loads and are mapped to the IEEE 30‐bus system. The features to predict loads are carefully extracted from the historical load data capturing both temporal and spatial correlations. The SVM attack detector is trained using normal data and randomly created LR attacks so that it can maximally explore the attack space. An algorithm to create random LR attacks is introduced. The results show that the SVM detector trained merely using random attacks can effectively detect not only random attacks but also intelligently designed attacks. Moreover, using the SVR predicted loads to re‐dispatch generation when attacks are detected can significantly mitigate the attack consequences.
Exploiting concurrency for the ESB architecture

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Enterprise service bus (ESB) is currently the most promising approach for business application integration in distributed and heterogeneous environments.Several commercial or open source ESB-based solutions have been proposed. To the best of our knowledge, none of these solutions has integrated the parallel processing by taking advantage of the multicore/multiprocessor technologies and thus improving greatly the ESB performance. In this paper, after describing the most important features of an enterprise service bus, we present a new massively parallel ESB (MPESB) architecture that meets this challenge.
From ‘L’Orlando Furioso’ to ‘Roland’: Lully and Quinault Reading Ariosto

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

ABSTRACT Much like its source, Ludovico Ariosto’s Orlando Furioso, the opera Roland by Philippe Quinault and Jean-Baptiste Lully has been met with scepticism regarding its structure. In particular, recent criticism has focused on its bifurcated plot as a monstrous feature. This article reframes this issue by proposing that Roland’s bifurcated structure reflects Ariosto’s synchronic narrative. It shows how current misconceptions of Roland are indebted to the Furioso’s literary reception. Roland’s distinctive structure is a reflection of the changing French aesthetics concerning verisimilitude and the unity of time. The article demonstrates the influence of Ariosto’s narrative practices on the opera’s dramaturgy and structure, showing that fidelity to Ariosto’s narrative implied making unorthodox choices when crafting theatrical adaptations of his poem. It is suggested that Quinault and Lully manipulated the idiosyncrasy of the source to suit their dramatic end—to illustrate the irreconcilable gulf between love and duty.
Comparison of cachectic and non-cachectic sarcoma patients reveals an important role of Notch signaling in metastasis and myogenesis.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Cancer-associated cachexia is a wasting syndrome that affects up to 50% of cancer patients. It is defined as unintentional weight loss ≥5% over 6 months and characterized by muscle atrophy, fatigue, and anorexia that are refractory to nutritional support. Sarcoma describes a diverse group of malignancies arising from the connective tissues. Sarcoma patients are uniquely susceptible to cancer-associated cachexia given its origins in the musculoskeletal system. Our previous research suggests that sarcoma cells may contribute to sarcoma-associated cachexia (SAC) via establishment of TNF-α-mediated inflammation and dysregulation of muscle homeostasis by abnormal Notch signaling. Here, we examine the role of the Notch pathway and pro-inflammatory cytokines in cells derived from cachectic and non-cachectic human sarcoma patients. We observed increased expression of Notch pathway genes in the cachexia group while no differences in pro-inflammatory cytokines were observed. Co-culture of muscle-derived stem cells (MDSCs) and sarcoma cells demonstrated the inhibition of MDSC maturation with both cachectic and non-cachectic patient cells, corresponding to elevated Pax7 and Notch pathway expression in MDSCs. Our findings suggest that there is no difference in inflammatory profile between cachexia and non-cachexia sarcoma samples. However, Cachectic sarcoma samples express increased Notch that mediates muscle wasting possibly through inhibition of myogenesis.
Results of Kidney Transplantation in Very Old Age Recipients Using Kidneys from Very Old Donors

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background Kidney transplantation is the best option for elderly patients with end stage renal disease. The major limitation in this group of patients is shortage of donors since kidneys from young donors are assigned to younger recipients. Spain had 43,4 donors pmp in 2016, 30% of them were aged over 70 years. Kidneys from these donors can be assigned to older patients without detriment to young recipients. Aim Identify clinical factors associated with worse outcomes in very old recipients of grafts from very old donors. Methods Retrospective analysis of pretransplant clinical factors associated with graft and recipient survival in elderly patients (≥70 years) that received a kidney transplant from a very old donor (≥70 years) at our institution from October 2004 to December 2013 (n = 155). Results Median age of donors and recipients was 77 (74-79) and 75 (73-78) years, respectively. The 3-year and 5-year patient survival was 73.1% and 67.1%, respectively. Mortality in the first year was 15.9%. Primary nonfunction was 13.6%. Early graft thrombosis was 7.7%. Death censored graft survival was 83.4% at year 3 and 80.8% at year 5. History of cerebrovascular disease in the recipient was the only factor associated with patient survival (HR 5.12, p=0.027), while history of diabetes melliuts in the recipient was the only factor associated with the risk of graft loss (HR 4.40, p=0.0001). Conclusion Kidney transplantation in patients over 70 years offers a survival advantage over staying on dialysis. History of cerebrovascular disease in the recipient was associated with an increased risk of recipient mortality, while history of diabetes in the recipient was associated with increased risk of graft loss. Further studies are needed to identify pretrasplant clinical factors associated with increased risk of graft failure and recipient mortality in this population in order to improve allocation of these old allografts in the elderly patients. Fundación Mutua Madrileña.
Graph model for calculating the properties of saturated monoalcohols based on the additivity of energy terms

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A 16-constant additive scheme was derived for calculating the physicochemical properties of saturated monoalcohols CH4O-C9H20O and decomposing the triangular numbers of the Pascal triangle based on the similarity of subgraphs in the molecular graphs (MGs) of the homologous series of these alcohols. It was shown, using this scheme for calculation of properties of saturated monoalcohols as an example, that each coefficient of the scheme (in other words, the number of methods to impose a chain of a definite length i 1, i 2, … on a molecular graph) is the result of the decomposition of the triangular numbers of the Pascal triangle. A linear dependence was found within the adopted classification of structural elements. Sixteen parameters of the schemes were recorded as linear combinations of 17 parameters. The enthalpies of vaporization L 298 K 0 of the saturated monoalcohols CH4O-C9H20O, for which there were no experimental data, were calculated. It was shown that the parameters are not chosen randomly when using the given procedure for constructing an additive scheme by decomposing the triangular numbers of the Pascal triangle.
Motivation, Emotion, and Cognition

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Contents: Preface. Part I: Introduction. D.Y. Dai, R.J. Sternberg, Beyond Cognitivism: Toward an Integrated Understanding of Intellectual Functioning and Development. Part II: Cognition in Motivational and Affective Contexts. C.S. Dweck, J.A. Mangels, C. Good, Motivational Effects on Attention, Cognition, and Performance. E.A. Linnenbrink, P.R. Pintrich, Role of Affect in Cognitive Processing in Academic Contexts. S. Hidi, K.A. Renninger, A. Krapp, Interest, a Motivational Variable That Combines Affective and Cognitive Functioning. Part III: Intelligence and Personality: From Psychometrics and Personal Dynamics. P.L. Ackerman, R. Kanfer, Cognitive, Affective, and Conative Aspects of Adult Intellect Within a Typical and Maximal Performance Framework. G. Matthews, M. Zeidner, Traits, States, and the Trilogy of Mind: An Adaptive Perspective on Intellectual Functioning. M.A. Brackett, P.N. Lopes, Z. Ivcevic, J.D. Mayer, P. Salovey, Integrating Emotion and Cognition: The Role of Emotional Intelligence. Part IV: Development of Intellectual Competencies. J. Pascual-Leone, J. Johnson, Affect, Self-Motivation, and Cognitive Development: A Dialectical Constructivist View. G. Labouvie-Vief, M.M. Gonzalez, Dynamic Integration: Affect Optimization and Differentiation in Development. P.A. Alexander, A Model of Domain Learning: Reinterpreting Expertise as a Multidimensional, Multistage Process. N. Charness, M. Tuffiash, T. Jastrzembski, Motivation, Emotion, and Expert Skill Acquisition. Part V: Intellectual Functioning and Development in Social and Cultural Contexts. B.J. Zimmerman, D.H. Schunk, Self-Regulating Intellectual Processes and Outcomes: A Social Cognitive Perspective. D. Perkins, R. Ritchhart, When Is Good Thinking? J. Li, K.W. Fischer, Thought and Affect in American and Chinese Learners' Beliefs About Learning. D.Y. Dai, Epilogue: Putting It All Together: Some Concluding Thoughts.
Of Mice and Canines: Anthropomorphizing Animals in Art Spiegelman’s Maus

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This research article is mainly concerned with the wide-ranging interpretation of animal metaphors especially the dogs and mice in the graphic novel Maus. In the novel, the mice are the stand-in for the Jews, and the American are taken as dogs. Pondering the metaphor’s aptness and authenticity, the study employs the theories of metaphors and interrogates the metaphorical use of mice and canines in the novel. The methodology of the study is informed by the close readings of the grammatextuality. The analysis of the verbal and visual texts of the graphic novels is carried out by the comparative analysis method. The relation of the verbal and visual sections of the graphic novel are further elucidated by the analysis of the arrangement of the images. In order for the interpretation and the analysis of the evidence collected, an analytical framework consisting of two concepts: suppression of differences and the contradictions of internal validity has been developed so that the mice and canine metaphors in the verbal and visual texts are examined. The graphic novel that has drawn the attention of cognitive linguists to Posthuman animal studies scholars yields an argument: the metaphors employed in this novel lack aptness and authenticity. The researcher argues that the comparison of Americans as dogs and Jews as mice has been interrogated and charged the simplistic and shallow use of metaphor that has created internal inconsistency and turns out to be the inappropriate comparison.