jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A COMPARISON OF THE ABILITIES OF ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID, FLURBIPROFEN AND INDOMETHACIN TO INHIBIT THE RELEASE REACTION AND PROSTAGLANDIN SYNTHESIS IN HUMAN BLOOD PLATELETS

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

A quantitative comparison has been made of the abilities of acetylsalicylic acid, flurbiprofen and indomethacin to inhibit the adenosine diphosphate (ADP)‐induced platelet release reaction and to inhibit the synthesis of prostaglandins from arachidonic acid. Experiments were carried out on human platelets that had been incubated with the agents in vitro and on platelets obtained from volunteers who had ingested standard doses of the drugs. The results obtained for acetylsalicylic acid show that there is a close relation between the release reaction and the synthesis of prostaglandins in platelets. Flurbiprofen and indomethacin appear to inhibit the release reaction rather more effectively than they inhibit the synthesis of prostaglandins. It is possible that these agents inhibit the release reaction by another mechanism.
Gaussian conditional independence relations have no finite complete characterization

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We show that there can be no finite list of conditional independence relations which can be used to deduce all conditional independence implications among Gaussian random variables. To do this, we construct, for each $n> 3$ a family of $n$ conditional independence statements on $n$ random variables which together imply that $X_1 \ind X_2$, and such that no subset have this same implication. The proof relies on binomial primary decomposition.
Transformation optics collimating lenses for multi-beam antenna applications

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Transformation optics (TO) is a flexible design process for electromagnetic and optical devices with a wide range of applications including cloaking, waveguides, and antenna enhancement. Many TO designs for antennas have been proposed, such as invisibility-cloaking radomes and collimating lenses; however, these designs all require inhomogeneous and anisotropic material parameters with extreme values that do not promote a practical implementation. Thus, the choice of transformation is a critical part of the TO design process and determines whether the device can ultimately be fabricated. In this paper, we review two transformation designs with simple material parameters for the conversion of radiation from an embedded isotropic source into multiple highly-directive radiating beams.
Adversarial Machine Learning in Indian Cybersecurity: Threats and Mitigation Strategies

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

With the rise of machine learning (ML) in cybersecurity, adversarial attacks targeting ML models pose new challenges to Indian enterprises. This paper explores the vulnerabilities of machine learning models to adversarial attacks, particularly in critical Indian sectors such as finance, healthcare, and government. The study reviews attack vectors such as evasion, poisoning, and inference attacks, and suggests robust mitigation strategies like adversarial training, gradient masking, and defense distillation. Case studies from Indian organizations implementing adversarial-resistant ML models are analyzed to demonstrate real-world applications and effectiveness.
Virtual reality-based eye tracking throughout typical concussion recovery

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of concussion on visual and oculomotor function using a virtual reality-based eye tracking system throughout recovery. Design: A prospective, longitudinal cohort design assessed at the subacute, return-to-activity, and 6-month timepoints was used. Methods: Recently concussed (n = 21; age = 30 ± 14) and healthy control participants (n = 20; age = 29 ± 11) completed visual and oculomotor testing at three timepoints (subacute, return-to-activity, and 6-months) using a virtual reality-based head mounted display eye tracking system sampled at 100 Hz. Symptoms and clinical assessments were collected using the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool-5th Edition (SCAT-5). Results: No statistically significant visual and oculomotor group differences were observed (p > 0.01), although individuals within the concussion group demonstrated highly variable outcomes at the subacute timepoint. Conclusions: While our findings did not reveal significant group-wide differences in visual and oculomotor function, the high inter-individual variability within the concussion group underscores the need for individualized assessment approaches. The ability of eye-tracking technology to detect subtle, yet potentially clinically relevant impairments at the individual level suggests its potential as a valuable adjunct to symptom-based concussion assessments. Future studies should explore the integration of symptom-based tools, clinical oculomotor assessments, and objective eye-tracking metrics to improve our understanding of concussion-related impairments.
Halo concentration and the dark matter power spectrum

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We explore the connection between halo concentration and the dark matter power spectrum using the halo model. We fit halo model parameters to non-linear power spectra over a large range of cosmological models. We find that the non-linear evolution of the power spectrum generically prefers the concentration at non-linear mass scale to decrease with the effective slope of the linear power spectrum, in agreement with the direct analysis of the halo structure in different cosmological models. Using these analyses, we compute the predictions for non-linear power spectrum beyond the current resolution of N-body simulations. We find that the halo model predictions are generically below the analytical non-linear models, suggesting that the latter may overestimate the amount of power on small scales.
Error analysis for space discretizations of quasilinear wave-type equations

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Abstract In this paper we study space discretizations of a general class of first- and second-order quasilinear wave-type problems. We present a rigorous error analysis based on a combination of inverse estimates with semigroup theory for nonautonomous linear Cauchy problems. Moreover, we provide refined results for the special case that the nonlinearities are local in space. As applications of these general results we derive novel error estimates for two prominent examples from nonlinear physics: the Westervelt equation and the Maxwell equations with Kerr nonlinearity. We conclude with a numerical example to illustrate our theoretical findings.
Women Entrepreneurs In Pangasinan: Their Motivations and Gains”

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The study determined the socio-economic profile, the motivations, type of enterprises, and operational activities that the women entrepreneurs are involved in, the gains they derived from entrepreneurship and the problems they encounter in the operation of their business. Considered were 105 women entrepreneurs chosen from purposive sampling. Results show that the respondents have an average age of 49.60, married, have elementary education, with at least five children and a mean family income of P267, 180.11.Few have skills training, and assistance from government and non-government agencies is limited. The respondents are personally more than economically or socially motivated to succeed in their business. Their enterprise, mostly family-owned and double-product business have an average start capital of P11, 219.40.The major operational activities as managers are decision-making shared with the husband, and managerial functions like planning, supervision, production, marketing, accounting, control, monitoring and evaluation. The respondents are satisfied in their managerial functions, however, the management performance of those engaged in bagoong industry significantly differs from those engaged in other industries. Education and other sources of income significantly influence the economic gains derived from the business venture. Generally, the respondents are satisfied with their quality of life. Lack of capital, stiff product competition and high costs of production are the most pressing problems encountered.
Modern trends for development of ukrainian enterprises in the market of agricultural machine building and the major problems for improvement of their international competitiveness

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Against the background of integration into the European market, the issue of increasing competitiveness is acutely for all sectors of the Ukrainian economy. In this article the modern tendencies of development of Ukrainian agricultural machine-building enterprises and the main problems, which do not allow developing their competitiveness in full, have been analyzed. The theoretical base of Western and national scientists on the issues of competitiveness is available, but it is not enough for describing the concept within the specific field of mechanical engineering. In the process of studying the material, the volume of production of Ukraine and European countries was compared. It is revealed that in the overwhelming majority of Ukrainian agricultural machinebuilding enterprises have low competitiveness caused by inefficient management of their financial and economic activity and low quality of production. The authors also revealed and disclosed the essence of factors that hinder the development of this industry in Ukraine and hinder its development in the international market. These barriers are basically common for most agricultural producers that are faced with powerful Western rivals. Therefore, there is a need to clearly identify the problems of the functioning of medium-sized enterprises in this industry.
Human-Object Interaction Detection Collaborated with Large Relation-driven Diffusion Models

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Prevalent human-object interaction (HOI) detection approaches typically leverage large-scale visual-linguistic models to help recognize events involving humans and objects. Though promising, models trained via contrastive learning on text-image pairs often neglect mid/low-level visual cues and struggle at compositional reasoning. In response, we introduce DIFFUSIONHOI, a new HOI detector shedding light on text-to-image diffusion models. Unlike the aforementioned models, diffusion models excel in discerning mid/low-level visual concepts as generative models, and possess strong compositionality to handle novel concepts expressed in text inputs. Considering diffusion models usually emphasize instance objects, we first devise an inversion-based strategy to learn the expression of relation patterns between humans and objects in embedding space. These learned relation embeddings then serve as textual prompts, to steer diffusion models generate images that depict specific interactions, and extract HOI-relevant cues from images without heavy fine-tuning. Benefited from above, DIFFUSIONHOI achieves SOTA performance on three datasets under both regular and zero-shot setups.
Vibration of Suspension Bridges under Moving Loads

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The problem relates to the transient vibration of a single-span suspension bridge which is traversed by a constant force moving with constant velocity or a pulsating force moving with constant velocity. Damping is zero and there is no mass associated with the moving forces. Equations of motion are derived and solved. Solutions are obtained for the deflections and stresses of the truss and for the increase in horizontal component of cable tension. The theory is based on the deflection theory equations of suspension bridges. It is linearized by assuming that the increase in cable tension due to live load is small compared to the dead load cable tension. A numerical example illustrates the theory. The results of the example show large magnifications of stress (on the order of 2.70) when the moving pulsating force is driven at the frequency of the first symmetric mode. Also, in general, there is no appreciable dynamic effect associated with moving constant forces on long-span bridges. The dynamic effect of moving constant forces, however, becomes more pronounced on short-span bridges having a low frequency associated with the first asymmetric mode.
A Study on Teaching Methods of Human Being in Reinforcement Learning Using Subjective Reward

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This note presents an application of reinforcement learning to caterpillar robot locomotion. An excellent advantage of reinforcement learning is that an action can be acquired using only a simple reward. In our previous work, the reward was a forward distance measured using a sensor. This reward was completely an “Objective reward”. On the other hand, we have studied using the rewards given by the human's subjective judgment, which is defined as a “Subjective reward”. As a result, the “Subjective reward” gave better results than that of the “Objective reward” under specific conditions. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the teaching methods of human being, which is the main factor that gives better results than “Objective reward”. This note discusses the good teacher who gives an excellent “Subjective reward”. The results show that the human being gives reward in consideration of not only distance but also motion forms, and can give better results than that of the “Objective reward”.
Reversibility and Composition of Rewriting in Hierarchies

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we study how graph transformations based on sesqui-pushout rewriting can be reversed and how the composition of rewrites can be constructed. We illustrate how such reversibility and composition can be used to design an audit trail system for individual graphs and graph hierarchies. This provides us with a compact way to maintain the history of updates of an object, including its multiple versions. The main application of the designed framework is an audit trail of updates to knowledge represented by hierarchies of graphs. Therefore, we introduce the notion of rule hierarchy that represents a transformation of the entire hierarchy, study how rule hierarchies can be applied to hierarchies and analyse the conditions under which this application is reversible. We then present a theory for constructing the composition of consecutive hierarchy rewrites. The prototype audit trail system for transformations in hierarchies of simple graphs with attributes is implemented as part of the ReGraph Python library.
"Peter" the T. rex, dorsal vertebra

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

***Tyrannosaurus rex* "Peter"** Specimen No. Peter_027; dorsal vertebra #5, right prezygapophysis Peter was found in the Lance Formation in South Dakota, USA. He lived some 66 million years ago. 3D model by Palaeo3D. www.palaeo3d.com Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
An Efficient and Secure Itinerary-Based Data Aggregation Algorithm for WSNs

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The existing privacy-preserving data aggregation methods in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) generally rely on a network infrastructure, and data privacy is achieved by encryption techniques. However, such an infrastructure is very susceptible to the dynamic network topologies, and excessive encryption process causes a high energy consumption and reduces the accuracy of the aggregation results. In this paper, we propose a secure and concentric-circle itinerary-based data aggregation algorithm (called SCIDA for short). With the help of a well-designed itinerary for aggregation propagation and data aggregation, SCIDA is not susceptible to network topology structure and thus suitable for wireless sensor net-works with dynamic network topologies and can save energy for network infrastructure maintenance. In addition, SCIDA uses a secure channel to ensure data privacy and avoids dramatic energy consumption caused by heavy encryption operations. SCIDA does not need to carry out encryption during data aggregation, which significantly reduces energy consumption, and prolongs the lifetime of the network. Theoretical analysis and experimental results show that SCIDA enjoys low communication overhead and energy consumption, yet high safety and accuracy.
Ramayana In Java A Study Of Visual Art Style Transformation

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

A transformation of a story into a visual form is not a simple thing because there are many factors involved in this process. The major thing faced by an artist is how to get a model for the figure being made. From a general point of view there are two basic ways of transforming a story into a visual form. The first one is that the artist creates a figure based on his or her own imagination and interpretation of the character of a hero described in the story. The second one is that the artist just copies a previous form precisely or with modifications.
Cardiomyopathy in COVID-19 Survivors: Mechanism, Management, and Prevention

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by infection of SARS-CoV-2 as of April 2020 has been confirmed in more than 2.3 million people, with more than 150 thousands deaths across the globe. It has been known that COVID-19 patients with underlying cardiovascular diseases and its risks including: hypertension, diabetes, coronary artery disease, and cerebrovascular diseases may develop more severe respiratory track symptoms requiring intensive care. Some patients may presenting with myocarditis or acute cardiomyopathy, which has high mortality and morbidity. There was also evidence of myocardial Injury with an increase of troponin in one-third of those infected by covid-19. It is conceivable that among those who recover from COVID-19 infection, there is a risk of developing further cardiomypathy once the pandemic receding in the future. It is important to pay attention to this survivor group since the pandemic may be lasting for longer period. Optimal medical treatment and comprehensive prevention should be taken to manage those high risk patients of developing cardiomyopathy during hospital care as well post discharge. These includes provide best available COVID-19 drugs, cardiovascular medications, and social preventive measures.
[Magnetic resonance tomography in kidney tumors concomitant with symptomatic hypertension].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The potentialities of NMR-tomography in renal cancer patients with symptomatic hypertension were assessed. Altogether 15 patients (9 men and 6 women) aged 24 to 74 were investigated; previously examined 25 persons were entered into the control group. A NMR-tomograph with the magnitude of the magnetic field of 0.235 T using the "spin-echo" method. The results of the investigation were compared with those of the control group and with the results of x-ray computerized tomography, abdominal aortography, dynamic scintigraphy of the kidneys, and ultrasound investigation. NMR-tomography was shown to possess high resolution permitting visualization of a kidney tumor irrespective of its site and its size exceeding 2-3 cm. It also permits obtaining additional data on the state of the kidney parenchyma, cortical and medullary substance, determining the level of ureteral obstruction, and detecting the presence of vertebral metastases.
Stanisław Jerzy Lec's Unkempt Thoughts

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Stanislaw Jerzy Lec's Unkempt Thoughts first appeared in book form in 1957. Expanded editions were later published during Lec’s lifetime. The most complete edition of this collection appeared in Warsaw in 2006, edited by Lidia Koska, an eminent Lec scholar and author of Lec: Autobiography of the Word. Lec referred to his writings as thoughts and sentences, and only rarely as aphorisms. Perhaps he did not want to impose a scholarly name with an ancient lineage on them. Lec’s aphorisms are still charged with the potential of political resistance, but people are now better able to recognize their deep philosophical dimension. Even though in 1955 Lec received permission to publish in literary journals, he did not publish another volume of poetry until 1956. This was the time of the “Thaw,” which is to say, of limited de-Stalinization in the Eastern Bloc. Poland was undergoing significant political changes.
Coccygodynia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Coccygodynia, or coccygeal pain, is also known as coccydynia, coccalgia, or coccygalgia. It is a painful syndrome affecting the coccyx (tailbone). It is relatively uncommon, and may have a variety of causes. Pain is typically aggravated by sitting, particularly on hard areas, and can severely affect quality of life. Imaging should be correlated with a detailed medical history, including any therapies previously tried, and a thorough physical exam. Treatment options must be tailored to individual patient needs. Conservative treatments include massage, physical therapy, and medications. Interventional procedures, including ganglion impar blocks, caudal injections, and radiofrequency ablation, have all been used in management of this painful condition. For coccygeal pain that does not respond to conservative therapy, surgical treatment involving coccygectomy is available.
Preaching in Times of the European ‘Refugee Crisis’: A Symposium in Leipzig (October 2016) and the starting point of a European Research Project on the Relevance of ‘Pulpit Speech’ in Society and Politics.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In October 2016 homileticians from seven European countries met in Leipzig in order to reflect on political preaching in the context of the so called European ‘refugee crisis’. This article shows the background of this conference, gives a very brief overview of the perspectives from different countries, and suggests ways to continue European homiletical research on this theme.
Carbon Trading and Carbon Market

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Abstract The Kyoto Protocol aims to present three flexible implementation mechanisms in an effort to address climate change, and thus generate a market incorporating carbon emissions as a product: joint implementation ( JI ); a clean development mechanism ( CDM ); and an international emissions trade ( IET ). The carbon market has rapidly developed and expanded to become the new star of global trade: in 2011, trading volume stood at 10.3 billion tCO 2 , with transactions amounting to $176 billion. Some current regional carbon markets include the European Union Emission Trading Scheme ( EU ETS ), the New South Wales ( NSW ), and the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative ( RGGI ); China has also tried to establish a domestic carbon trading market and has been piloting a carbon emission trading scheme since 2011. Carbon pricing lies at the heart of carbon market operation; therefore, this article analyzes challenging issues in today's carbon markets, including allowances, energy prices, and special events and also provides policy recommendations for establishing a carbon trading market.