jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Crop choices: motivational and decision-making factors \nthat attract and retain cotton-grower employers \nwithin the Australian cotton industry

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Primary production is integral to feeding and clothing the world, and cotton is both a food and a fibre. The cotton industry’s producer employers are critical to the longevity of the Australian cotton industry. Understanding their motivation and the influencers of their decision-making processes in crop choice is important. While exploring decision-making of employers is not new, this study seeks to establish what are the sources of motivation to grow cotton and what factors influence the decision-making processes in the context of cotton grower employer (CGE) crop choice. \n \nThe work is framed as exploratory and theory building, as little has been published in the academic literature about individual employer perspectives in agriculture, such as CGEs and how they are influenced from a psychological and behavioural economic perspective. There is a deficit specifically regarding individual employer experiences from this perspective in Australian agriculture broadly and in cotton growing more specifically. \n \nOverall, this multi-disciplinary study has identified influencers that impact on the decision-making processes of CGEs. This research is important because it informs cotton industry stakeholders such as (a) growers and their supportive others, (b) industry service providers such as merchants, ginners, brokers and insurers, and (c) government policy-makers regarding the influences of CGE decision-making processes and crop choice.
[Use of small neuroleptanalgesia sub partu].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Application of 0.1 mg Fentanyl and 5 mg Droperidol iv. (obstetric neurolept-analgesia) causes an enduring pain relief. Labor is not influenced. The obstetric neuroleptanalgesia appears to accelerate labor indirectly. The condition of the fetus will be not affected by obstetric neuroleptanalgesia. In respect of this obstetric neuroleptanalgesia can be recommended as a method of analgesia during parturition.
Human eye movements correlate with intrinsic reward structure in natural visuomotor tasks

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Neurophysiological and psychophysical studies in primates and humans have shown the pervasive role of reward in learning of visuomotor activities. Eye movements and hand movements to targets are executed so as to maximize reward. Moreover, reinforcement learning algorithms have been formulated that characterize the neuronal signals of dopaminergic neurons in response to the occurrences of stimuli associated with rewards and the delivery of the rewards across learning. Common to all these experiments is that the reward structure of the task is explicitly controlled by the experimental setup. By comparing the observed behavior with normative models, it can be inferred how close to optimal the participants perform. But how does this relate to visually guided activities in natural tasks? It has been difficult to answer this question, because the value functions underlying actions such as fixations or control of walking direction are not known a priori. We present a new algorithm for Inverse Reinforcement Learning, which is able to infer these value functions from observing human behavior. The algorithm takes advantage of the inherent structure of a task by compactly representing the value functions with a small number of basis functions. The algorithm was applied to data collected from human subjects navigating in a virtual environment while approaching and avoiding objects. The value functions underlying these tasks are recovered for each participant and the validity of the algorithm is verified by evaluating the RMS-error between the actual trajectories and those simulated utilizing the extracted parameters. Furthermore, it is shown that the rewards of objects inferred from navigation are correlated with the proportions of fixations on the corresponding object classes (rho=0.72). We conclude that Inverse Reinforcement Learning can be utilized to infer the reward structure used by subjects in natural visuomotor tasks and reveals the connection between eye movements and these rewards.
What are the most effective programs to support micro, small and medium enterprises in creating employment?

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

What factors positively affect the adoption of agricultural technologies by smallholder farmers? Key FindingsOverall adoption rates of new technologies are very low across the board.In specific contexts, Farmer Field Schools (FFS) and agricultural extension programs have increased agricultural production through the adoption of new technologies.There is little or no evidence of any program leading to widespread adoption or diffusion. Factors associated with higher rates of adoption of agricultural technologies include:Policy tools: access to extension, information, credit and farmer groups Farmers' wealth, including land size, number of livestock and off-farm income Secure land tenure Key RecommendationsPromote FFS and agricultural extension services.Consider expanding access to credit.Promote secure land tenure.Improve the affordability of new technologies.Design policies and programs to address multiple barriers.To maximize adoption, target farmers with more wealth, livestock, off-farm income and land.
The relationship between knee joint angle, stretch-shorten cycle performance, and jump distance in ski jumping

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This investigation examined the relationship between knee angle, stretch-shorten cycle \nperformance, and jump distance in ski jumping. 44 elite ski jumpers were video taped at \n120 Hz. Hip, knee, and ankle displacements were digitized to examine the relationship \nbetween the knee joint angle, stretch-shorten cycle performance, and jump distance in ski \njumping. Jump distance was recorded for comparison. Average distance jumped was \n99.03 f 11.6 m. During the stretch-shorten cycle movement, the average amount of knee \nflexion was -6.6 + 3.9 " and the average amount of knee extension was 8.8 f 4.8 ". A \nsignificant (p = 0.014) quadratic relationship as found between the amount of knee \nflexion and jump distance. The knee-joint extension velocity averaged 9.2 f 0.8 \nradians/s, but was not found to be significantly related to jump distance. The quadratic \nrelationship between jump distance and the amount of knee joint flexion demonstrated an \noptimal knee flexion range for maximizing jump distance. This study suggests that when \nelite jumpers utilize an optimal stretch-shorten movement, in combination with proper \nform on the take-off table and in the air, they produce longer jump distances.
The effects of corruption on China’s provincial eco-efficiency

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper extends the literature on economic consequences of corruption. We simultaneously consider corruption’s impacts on output, production efficiency, and environmental performance in an eco-efficiency framework. Pollution is considered as undesirable output in the production process. We construct an eco-efficiency measure from a non-oriented data envelopment analysis model that incorporates a non-convex metafrontier, super-efficiency, and undesirable outputs into a directional distance function. By using panel data from 30 Chinese provinces from 1998 to 2016 in a spatial analysis, we find that corruption, measured by filed-cases of corruption-related crimes, has a significantly negative direct impact on eco-efficiency. The regional spillover effect is not significant for provinces in the same geographical region, but is marginally significant for provinces sharing a common border.
Boundary formation and mobilisation of Shia activism and militancy in Pakistan

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Literature on sectarian violence in Pakistan has given little attention to Shia activism and militancy. As such, this research fills this gap by shedding light on how a 'thick' Shia boundary was created in Pakistan, using Michele Lamont and Andreas Wimmer's works on boundary-formation. The thesis establishes that a 'thick' Shia boundary was created because of Pakistan's exclusionary policies, which included preference of Sunni doctrines and cooption of anti-Shia groups. The cause of Shia activism and militancy is a 'thick' sectarian boundary created due to the state's policies, while Iran's emergence as the 'protector' of the Shia community only enabled it. The research explains the move to violence of an antagonistic (Shia) entity using situationist approach of Philip Zimbardo and the Social Movement Theory. It is concluded that an inclusive system is necessary to prevent the formation of a 'thick' and antagonistic boundary in a multicultural, multi-ethnic, multiracial or multireligion populace.
Analysis of Trajectory Tracking Characteristics of a Magnetically Driven Oil-Free Scroll Compressor

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The conventional scroll compressor cannot run oil-free because of wear and tear and lubrication problems during operation due to some parts, such as anti-rotation devices. The magnetic drive oil-free scroll compressor (MDOFSC) uses a contactless drive method to avoid this drawback. In order to solve the swing problem of the orbiting scroll during the operation of the MDOFSC, decentralized control and centralized control are used to study the trajectory tracking characteristics. Firstly, the structure and working principle of the MDOFSC are introduced, and the system’s magnetic circuit and differential control principle are analyzed. Then, the dynamic model of the MDOFSC under the condition of non-compressed gas is established, and the coordinate matrix decoupling method is used to analyze the relationship between the degree of freedom of the system and the measurement distance of the displacement sensor. Finally, the system is simulated and experimentally studied under centralized PID control, and the experimental comparison study between decentralized control and centralized control is conducted. The results show that centralized control dramatically improves the trajectory control ability of the system.
PD55 Diagnostic Accuracy Of Line Probe Assay Technique Compared To Sensitivity Test

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Antimicrobial resistance is a serious public health problem at the global level. The sensitivity test in liquid and solid media-based techniques is traditionally used in Brazil for the diagnosis of resistant tuberculosis (TB). However, the time required for the diagnosis of this test is, on average, 60 (sixty) days, a period considered to be very high, especially considering certain vulnerable populations (street dwellers), since the long time to the result of the test makes it difficult to establish a second contact between the health institution and the individual, resulting in people without access to diagnosis and appropriate treatment. The line probe assay (LPA) technique often replaces the use of the sensitivity test in many countries, being considered of low time for the diagnosis, ranging from 24 to 48 hours. Methods: We searched the Medline databases (via Pubmed), Embase, and The Cochrane Library, with the aim of finding systematic reviews with meta-analyses. The articles were screened by titles and abstracts and later the full text reading was carried out, according to the inclusion criteria. Results: Three systematic reviews with meta-analysis were selected. The interventions evaluated the LPA technique compared to the conventional drug sensitivity test. The evaluated tests showed good performance as rapid screening tests for resistance to rifampicin in high prevalence sites. However, although the test results for resistance to isoniazid showed good specificity, there was a high variability in sensitivity estimates. Conclusions: This study reinforces the idea that the LPA technique may contribute to the previous diagnosis, and this is a probable strategy to control the disease, especially in vulnerable populations that are more likely to be affected by tuberculosis. For a broader analysis of the benefit of the technique, further studies are suggested.
Indicators and Dynamics of Formation A Healthy Lifestyle for Junior High School Students

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In the context of deep social and economic transformations in the country, the contradiction between the growing need of the society for active and healthy people and the catastrophic deterioration of children’s health becomes more acute. Complex studies show that the chronic pathology of schoolchildren is at an extremely high level. Against the backdrop of social insecurity, the problem of alcoholization and drug addiction of children and adolescents is growing, which poses a threat of moral decay to young people. Children’s health is affected by a number of negative factors: a decline in the standard of living in the country as a whole, a widespread deterioration of the environmental situation, and negative changes in the financial situation and the educational potential of the family. Unfortunately, the share of guilt for the current situation today is assigned to the school, which does not meet the modern requirements of hygiene and natural sciences of age physiology, causes disruption of adaptation, chronic fatigue of children and provokes the growth of diseases. Educational potential of school is considerably reduced: “...educational practice stays in a condition of influence on it of casual reference points, elements of positive, and even more negative, influences and uncontrollability”. In these conditions, the problem of maintaining health and education for a healthy lifestyle in schoolchildren is of particular interest to researchers. In the process of upbringing of children of primary school age the role of significant others - teachers and parents - is great. However, for the effectiveness of education for a healthy lifestyle is not enough readiness of the teacher, as the categories of lifestyle, lifestyle is largely associated with the family, with the way of life, with traditions, with the way of life of parents. Parents act as a role model for younger students, so in the process of upbringing important factors are personal, purely individual characteristics of parents, which include health status, physical culture, and attitude to health, culture of communication, ethical culture and experience of a healthy lifestyle.
The Unified Resonance Framework (URF)

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The Unified Resonance Framework (URF) proposes a fundamental shift in physics by replacing force-based interactions with resonance coherence as the primary organizing principle of reality. URF posits that mass arises from constrained resonance, energy from free-form resonance waves, and gravity from structured coherence gradients. This approach eliminates the need for dark matter and dark energy, providing alternative explanations for galaxy rotation curves, cosmic expansion, and gravitational lensing. Additionally, URF offers a unified interpretation of quantum mechanics and general relativity, predicting observable resonance effects in gravitational wave echoes, quantum coherence experiments, and large-scale cosmological structures. This paper presents the mathematical foundation of URF, including coherence scaling laws, resonance-driven Hamiltonian/Lagrangian formulations, and testable predictions. The framework is supported by empirical data from LIGO, quantum decoherence studies, and cosmological surveys. URF has broad implications for quantum gravity, astrophysics, and cosmology, offering a falsifiable and mathematically rigorous alternative to current paradigms.
Enantiomeric 2',3'-dideoxycytidine derivatives are potent human immunodeficiency virus inhibitors in cell cultures.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

2',3'-dideoxy-beta-L-cytidine (beta-L-DDC) and its 5-fluoro derivative (beta-L-5-F-DDC) have been stereospecifically synthesized by a multi-step reaction sequence from L-xylose and their anti-HIV properties examined. Among these two L-enantiomers, the hitherto unknown beta-L-5-F-DDC emerged as a potent anti-HIV-1 and HIV-2 compound in different cell culture systems, with selectivity indices similar or superior to those of the currently licensed drug DDC which has the natural beta-D configuration.
Carla Bley

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This is the first comprehensive treatment of the remarkable music and influence of Carla Bley, a highly innovative American jazz composer, pianist, organist, band leader, and activist. Giving attention to Bley's diverse compositions over the last fifty years spanning critical moments in jazz and experimental music history, this book provides a long-overdue representation of a major figure in American music. Bley is best known for her jazz opera “Escalator over the Hill,” her role in the Free Jazz movement of the 1960s, and her collaborations with artists such as Jack Bruce, Don Cherry, Robert Wyatt, and Pink Floyd drummer Nick Mason. She has successfully maneuvered the field of jazz creating works that range from the highly accessible and tradition-based to commercially unviable and avant-garde. The book details the staggering variety in Bley's work as well as her use of parody, quotations, and contradictions, examining the vocabulary Bley has developed throughout her career and highlighting the compositional and cultural significance of her experimentalism. The book also points to Bley's professional and managerial work as a pioneer in the development of artist-owned record labels, the cofounder and manager of WATT Records, and the cofounder of New Music Distribution Service. The book shows Bley to be not just an artist but an activist who has maintained musical independence and professional control amid the profit-driven, corporation-dominated world of commercial jazz.
CEMP1 Induces Transformation in Human Gingival Fibroblasts

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

<div><p>Cementum Protein 1 (CEMP1) is a key regulator of cementogenesis. CEMP1 promotes cell attachment, differentiation, deposition rate, composition, and morphology of hydroxyapatite crystals formed by human cementoblastic cells. Its expression is restricted to cementoblasts and progenitor cell subpopulations present in the periodontal ligament. CEMP1 transfection into non-osteogenic cells such as adult human gingival fibroblasts results in differentiation of these cells into a “mineralizing” cell phenotype. Other studies have shown evidence that CEMP1 could have a therapeutic potential for the treatment of bone defects and regeneration of other mineralized tissues. To better understand CEMP1’s biological effects in vitro we investigated the consequences of its expression in human gingival fibroblasts (HGF) growing in non-mineralizing media by comparing gene expression profiles. We identified several mRNAs whose expression is modified by CEMP1 induction in HGF cells. Enrichment analysis showed that several of these newly expressed genes are involved in oncogenesis. Our results suggest that CEMP1 causes the transformation of HGF and NIH3T3 cells. CEMP1 is overexpressed in cancer cell lines. We also determined that the region spanning the CEMP1 locus is commonly amplified in a variety of cancers, and finally we found significant overexpression of CEMP1 in leukemia, cervix, breast, prostate and lung cancer. Our findings suggest that CEMP1 exerts modulation of a number of cellular genes, cellular development, cellular growth, cell death, and cell cycle, and molecules associated with cancer.</p></div>
The Role of Tracer Studies in Enhancing the Quality of Education: A Case in State Islamic Higher Education

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

A key factor in creating and improving higher education quality is data and information from tracer studies, which are also alumni feedback. Nowadays, educational institutions must to generate graduates with both academic proficiency and practical work-related abilities. This study aims to determine the extent to which the role of tracer studies in improving the quality of study programs at UIN Sunan Kalijaga. The survey approach is being used in this descriptive qualitative study. It can be inferred from survey results that data and information from tracer studies can be used as a medium for quality improvement study programs at UIN Sunan Kalijaga. These indicators included aspects of lecture activities and facilities, aspects of foreign languages, aspects of learning experiences that support work, and aspects of graduate competence.
Influence of pregnancy outcome of gestational diabetes mellitus and nursing care

Field: Nursing (Health Sciences)

To explore the risk factors of gestational diabetes mellitus and its influence on pregnancy,and to analyze the risk factors of GDM.Now the proportion of ges-ta-tional diabetes mellitus is much lower than before,but patients cannot belittle it. Because the quality of disease control will directly affect the safety of preg-nant women and fetuses,poor control will lead to various complica-tions.Pregnant women suffering from gestational diabetes should keep in close contact with doctors,nutritionists and other medical personnel during the whole pregnancy to facilitate reasonable control and reduction of the disease according to the pregnant woman's physical condition.This article will describe various compli-cations of gestational diabetes mellitus and their impact on per-inatal in-fants,analyze and put forward corresponding nursing suggestions.
Deep Learning Approach for Spatial Extension of Traffic Sensor Points in Urban Road Network

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Real-time monitoring of road traffic variables is essential for any effective control strategy in Intelligent Transportation Systems. Network-wide monitoring has increased importance in the current and future panorama due to the verge of adoption of smart mobility technologies, i.e. monitoring all links in a network is a general desired goal. However, installation and maintenance of sensors across the whole network are not cost-effective. Therefore, traffic networks are frequently suffering from the lack of well-operating and reliable traffic detectors. The paper proposes the employment of neural networks based models to virtualize the measurements on road links without detectors. The proposed method applies the measurements of monitored links as input to the deep learning model in order to estimate virtual measurements on the unmonitored road links. Several neural network models differing in architecture (Artificial Neural Network, Time Lagged Neural Network and Long Short Term Memory Neural Network) have been implemented and their hyper-parameterization were optimized using Bayesian search. The prediction techniques were developed and tested by using microscopic road traffic simulation.