jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Politics of Succession in Charismatic Movements: Routinization versus Revival in Argentina, Venezuela, and Peru

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Scholars suggest that charismatic movements must institutionalize to survive beyond the death of the founder. Yet charismatic movements around the world that have maintained their personalistic nature have persisted or reemerged. This article investigates the conditions under which politicians can use their predecessors' charismatic legacies to revive these movements and consolidate power. I argue that three conditions - the mode of leadership selection, the presence of a crisis, and the ability to conform to the founder's personalistic nature - shape successors' capacity to pick up their forefather's mantle and restore the movement to political predominance. To demonstrate my theory, I trace the process through which some leaders succeeded while others failed to embody the founder's legacy across three charismatic movements: Argentine Peronism, Venezuelan Chavismo, and Peruvian Fujimorismo. Alexander Lee, Incumbency, Parties, and Legislatures: Theory and Evidence from India Incumbent legislators in some developing countries are often thought to face an electoral disadvantage relative to challengers. This article traces this effect to high levels of centralization within the political parties and governments of these countries. In political systems dominated by party leaders, legislators face substantial formal and informal constraints on their ability to influence policy, stake positions, and control patronage, which in turn reduce their ability to build up personal votes. This theory is tested on a dataset of Indian national elections since 1977, using a regression discontinuity design to measure the effects of incumbency. Candidates less affected by centralization - those from less-centralized political parties and from parties not affected by restrictions on free parliamentary voting - have a low or non-existent incumbency disadvantage.
Ocular penetration of topical antibiotics: study on the penetration of chloramphenicol, tobramycin and netilmicin into the anterior chamber after topical administration

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background To compare penetration in the aqueous humour of topically applied antibiotics. Design Randomized prospective study, D epartment of O phthalmology, U niversity of P erugia, I taly Participants Patients undergoing cataract surgery. Methods One hundred twenty‐two patients were included: 14 received one drop of chloramphenicol suspension; 12 one application of chloramphenicol gel; 11 one drop of netilmicin suspension; 13 one drop of tobramycin suspension; 37 repeated instillations of chloramphenicol suspension every 10 min for a total of four drops; and 35 repeated instillations of chloramphenicol gel every 10 min for a total of four drops. Samples were taken immediately before surgery from the anterior chamber in order to determine the antibiotic by means of high‐performance liquid chromatography. Samples were taken 45–190 min after the eye drops were instilled. Main Outcome Measures Intraocular penetration of chloramphenicol, netilmicin and tobramicyn. Results After a single administration, netilmicin and tobramycin were undetectable, whereas the chloramphenicol suspension reached a mean concentration of 0.23 ± 0.21 μg/mL, and the chloramphenicol gel a mean concentration of 0.13 ± 0.14 μg/mL. After repeated administrations, the mean concentrations of the chloramphenicol suspension and gel were 0.60 ± 0.26 μg/mL and 0.58 ± 0.18 μg/mL, respectively. Conclusions Tobramycin and netilmicin do not reach detectable concentrations, whereas chloramphenicol, after multiple administrations, reaches concentrations that are effective against H aemophilus influenzae and H aemophilus parainfluenzae , L egionella pneumophila , M oraxella catarrhalis , N eisseria meningitidis , P asteurella multocida and S treptococcus pneumoniae . This means that chloramphenicol can be rationally used in the prophylaxis and treatment of infections supported by sensitive germs.
Dissolution simulation of polymers in bitumen

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Fundamental models should be developed and utilized in order to facilitate the chemo-mechanical design of modified binder systems for paving applications but not only. Especially, the fact that the incorporation of new chemical substances used as bio-based modifiers or alternative binders is attracting great interest to replace traditional technologies, the development of tools able to provide insight into the various physio-chemical phenomena is crucial. Among other polymer-bitumen interaction phenomena, the dissolution mechanism of polymers in bitumen is a significant aspect that should be considering in order to enhance binder properties through polymer modification. The current research gives emphasis on modelling the mechanism of dissolution for rubbery polymers in bitumen.
AC magnetoresistance and its frequency-dependence of Fe-doped Bi2Se3 topological insulator

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Bismuth selenide (Bi 2 Se 3 ) is one of the most important base materials in the study of topological insulators. Doping with iron is a direct method to manipulate the magnetic order in Bi 2 Se 3 . In this paper, we first report the measurements of magnetoresistance of Fe-doped Bi 2 Se 3 with alternating current. Unlike the DC magnetoresistance, skin effect plays an important role in AC magnetoresistance. Another interesting finding is that resonance occurs at a certain frequency, which implies an internal relaxation mechanism. The relations between resistance, magnetic field and current frequency are discussed.
DvD: An R/Cytoscape pipeline for drug repurposing using public repositories of gene expression data

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Summary: Drug versus Disease (DvD) provides a pipeline, available through R or Cytoscape, for the comparison of drug and disease gene expression profiles from public microarray repositories. Negatively correlated profiles can be used to generate hypotheses of drug-repurposing, whereas positively correlated profiles may be used to infer side effects of drugs. DvD allows users to compare drug and disease signatures with dynamic access to databases Array Express, Gene Expression Omnibus and data from the Connectivity Map. Availability and implementation: R package (submitted to Bioconductor) under GPL 3 and Cytoscape plug-in freely available for download at www.ebi.ac.uk/saezrodriguez/DVD/. Contact: saezrodriguez@ebi.ac.uk Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Priapism: Evaluation of Treatment Regimens

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

No AccessJournal of Urology1 Jul 1974Priapism: Evaluation of Treatment Regimens Mohammed E. Darwish, Bassem Atassi, and Samuel S. Clark Mohammed E. DarwishMohammed E. Darwish More articles by this author , Bassem AtassiBassem Atassi More articles by this author , and Samuel S. ClarkSamuel S. Clark More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)59650-0AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail © 1974 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited byLevine L and Guss S (2018) Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Analogues in the Treatment of Sickle Cell Anemia-Associated PriapismJournal of Urology, VOL. 150, NO. 2 Part 1, (475-477), Online publication date: 1-Aug-1993.Winter C (2018) Editorial CommentJournal of Urology, VOL. 131, NO. 3, (543-543), Online publication date: 1-Mar-1984.Nagler H, Devere White R and Roberts M (2018) Familial Idiopathic Priapism: A Case ReportJournal of Urology, VOL. 131, NO. 3, (542-543), Online publication date: 1-Mar-1984. Volume 112Issue 1July 1974Page: 92-94 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 1974 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Mohammed E. Darwish More articles by this author Bassem Atassi More articles by this author Samuel S. Clark More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
OPTIMIZATION OF CI REACTIVE RED 195A DEGRADATION USING PHOTOCHEMICAL METHOD

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract: Photochemical method using UV/H2O2 was utilized to decolourize CI Reactive Red 195A. In this work, the UV radiation source was a low-pressure mercury arc lamp (60W emitting at 253.7nm). Using the combined UV/H2O2 process, the effects of initial hydrogen peroxide dosage, dye concentration, pH and temperature were examined to determine the optimum operating conditions of the treatment process. Complete decolourization of 100 mg/L dye was achieved in the relatively short time of 20-30 minutes irradiation. Faster decolourization was achieved at low pH and high temperature. The removal rate increased with increasing initial concentration of H2O2 up to an optimum value (approximately 900 mg H2O2/L). However, even after near complete removal of the active dye from the solution, approximately 60% of the COD was still remaining, indicating only partial breakdown of the dye molecule. In general, the result indicates that the UV/H2O2 technology has a good potential for removing dyestuff from wastewater, but additional treatment is required to achieve further degradation of the organic intermediates and possibly reduce the UV irradiation time and chemical consumption.

Keywords: Decolourization, Photochemical, Reactive azo-dye, Textile, UV/H2O2
Final report of off-site surveillance for Project Schooner, December 8, 1968 /

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

"At the time this work was performed the Laboratory was designated the Southwestern Radiological Health Laboratory and was a part ofthe Public Health Service, U. S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare. In the latter part of 1970, SWRHL was transferred to the Environmental Protection Agency, and in May 1971 was renamed the Western Environmental Research Laboratory."
The adequacy of transplantation education in the ESRD population in Poland

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The level of knowledge of patients on dialysis concerning family transplantation and rules of qualification for kidney transplantation appeared to be insufficient. Increasing the number of living donors depends largely on the professional training of the patient and his family. The results suggest that the amount of time spent by clinical staff on educating patients is insufficient. It seems that in order to increase the awareness of health issues among patients, a multi-centre education program should be implemented for patients with chronic kidney disease.
STUDIES ON THE GOLGI APPARATUS BY ELECTRON MICROSCOPY WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO AOYAMA'S TECHNIQUE

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

1. Aoyama's silver impregnation method for the Golgi apparatus has been used on exocrine cells of the pancreas of the mouse and studied by electron microscopy in order to determine as precisely as possible where the silver is deposited. Similar cells have also been fixed in buffered osmium tetroxide solution and compared with cells treated by the silver technique. 2. Examination of the Aoyama preparations usually revealed a light deposition of silver in the cytoplasm (hyaloplasm or matrix) and a heavy deposition of silver around a series of closely apposed vacuoles. The heavy deposition of silver was regarded as revealing the chromophilic region of the Golgi apparatus while the vacuoles were identified as the chromophobic component. 3. Comparison of the silver preparations with those fixed in buffered osmium tetroxide solution showed that the silver was primarily deposited in the region of the Golgi membranes.
Broad-based root-knot nematode resistance identified in cowpea gene-pool two

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Cowpea ( Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) is an affordable source of protein and strategic legume crop for food security in Africa and other developing regions; however, damage from infection by root-knot nematodes (RKN) suppresses cowpea yield. The deployment through breeding of resistance gene Rk in cowpea cultivars has provided protection to cowpea growers worldwide for many years. However, occurrence of more aggressive nematode isolates threatens the effectiveness of this monogenic resistance. A cowpea germplasm collection of 48 genotypes representing the cowpea gene-pool from Eastern and Southern Africa (cowpea has two major pools of genetic resources – Western Africa and Eastern/Southern Africa) was screened in replicated experiments under field, greenhouse and controlled-growth conditions to identify resistance to RKN, to determine the spectrum of resistance to RKN, the relative virulence (VI) among RKN species and isolates, and the relationship between root-galling (RG) and egg-mass production (EM). Analysis of variance of data for RG and EM per root system identified seven genotypes with broad-based resistance to Meloidogyne javanica (Mj), avirulent (Avr-Mi), and virulent (Mi) M. incognita isolates. Two of the 48 genotypes exhibited specific resistance to both Mi isolates. Most of the genotypes were resistant to Avr-Mi indicating predominance of Rk gene in the collection. Based on RG data, both Mj (VI = 50%) and Mi (VI = 42%) were fourfold more virulent than Avr-Mi (VI = 12%). Resistant genotypes had more effective resistance than the Rk -based resistance in cowpea genotype CB46 against Mj and Mi. Root-galling was correlated across isolates (Avr-Mi/Mj: r = 0.72; Mi/Mj: r = 0.98), and RG was correlated with EM ( r = 0.60), indicating resistance to RG and EM is under control by the same genetic factors. These new sources of resistance identified in cowpea gene-pool two provide valuable target traits for breeders to improve cowpea production on RKN-infested fields.
The many faces of primary and secondary hepatic lymphoma: imaging manifestations and diagnostic approach

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Hepatic lymphoma can be divided into its primary and secondary forms. To be classified as primary hepatic lymphoma, the disease should be limited to the liver and hilar lymph nodes, with no distant involvement (to the bone marrow or other sites). Primary hepatic lymphoma is quite rare, accounting for less than 1% of all cases of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, whereas secondary hepatic lymphoma affects nearly half of such cases. Familiarity with the imaging features of hepatic lymphoma is important for its early diagnosis and appropriate management. In this essay, we aim to review the roles of computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging in identifying and monitoring hepatic lymphomas, using sample cases to describe and illustrate the wide spectrum of imaging findings in the primary and secondary forms of this disorder.
Chemoprevention of cervical cancer with folic acid: a phase III Southwest Oncology Group Intergroup study.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Several epidemiological reports and experimental investigations have suggested a preventive role for folic acid in the etiology of cervical cancer. The effect of p.o. folic acid supplementation on the natural history of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) was evaluated in a multiinstitutional prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Three hundred thirty-one women with biopsy-proven koilocytic atypia, mild CIN, or moderate CIN were randomized to receive oral folic acid (5 mg) or a similar-appearing placebo daily for 6 months following a 1-month run-in placebo period. Colposcopy, Papanicolaou smear, and serum vitamin levels (folate, retinol, alpha-tocopherol, beta-carotene, and retinyl palmitate) were monitored every 3 months. Demographic, medical, dietary, and sexual history data were obtained from personal interviews. The primary end point of the study was improvement in both Papanicolaou smear and colposcopic picture after 3 and 6 months of treatment as compared to the start of treatment. After 6 months of treatment there was no significant difference between the two study groups in the percentage of patients improved. Median serum folate levels in the treatment arm at 3 and 6 months (29.0 and 20.0 micrograms/dl) were significantly higher than those in the placebo arm (7.8 and 7.1 micrograms/dl, respectively). Mean serum levels of retinol, retinyl palmitate, alpha-tocopherol, and beta-carotene did not differ significantly between the two treatment arms. Our data support the conclusion that supplementation with folic acid (5 mg/day) does not enhance the regression of early epithelial abnormalities of the cervix.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A novel application of finite Gaussian mixture model (GMM) using real and simulated biomarkers of cardiovascular disease to distinguish adolescents with and without obesity

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Obesity-induced derangements in adipose tissue and other organs lead to the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The loss of CV-health in children is a continuum, and the manifestation of overt CVD takes several years. Therefore, robust biomarkers are crucial for its early prediction, prevention, and management. Biomarkers of CVD are highly mutually correlated, and typical regression approaches do not precisely appraise the obesity-induced summative alterations of these overlapping variables. This study examines if the confluence of biomarkers of CVD can distinguish adolescents with obesity from their normal-weight counterparts to illustrate obesity as a strong risk factor of CVD. The biomarkers were measured in a well-controlled study in 21 adolescents. Application of the Gaussian mixture model to these biomarkers identified two distinct groups that matched with the obesity status of participants, which was further confirmed using supervised learning methods. Classification of biomarkers from a simulation study of 1,000 data points, each comprising a vector of five biomarkers and the classification identifier, resulted in two groups that matched with the classification in the simulated dataset. The precise identification of obesity by the pattern of concurring CVD biomarkers in real and simulated datasets confirms obesity as a strong risk factor of CVD.
SVD-Based Receiver for Downlink MIMO MC-CDMA Systems

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, a new receiver for downlink multicarrier code-division multiple-access (MC-CDMA) system is proposed when the channel between the transmitter and each user is multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO). The structure of the proposed receiver is based on the singular value decomposition (SVD) method. The conventional SVD method is able to eliminate the co-space interference (CSI) in single user scenario, however, due to multi-channel environment, it is not able to eliminate the co-space interferences caused by the transmitted signals to the other users that is called multiuser interference (MUI). By combining the SVD and space frequency spreading code, a receiver called total interference cancellation (TIC) is developed that completely eliminates both the CSI and the MUI. The performance of the TIC suffers from small singular values of the subchannel matrices. To improve the performance, a symbol-chip level MMSE receiver is developed in which joint equalization and beamforming is utilized at chip level when the MMSE criterion is employed at symbol level (after despreading). The performance of the proposed receiver is evaluated and compared under different scenarios by computer simulations. The results show that there is no error floor in the bit error rate (BER) performances of the SVD based receiver under both criteria in the multiuser environment. Compared with the TIC criterion, the receiver designed based on the symbol-chip level MMSE criterion significantly improves the BER performance.
Abstract 2312: TEM8/ANTXR1 specific T cells co-target tumor stem cells and tumor vasculature in triple-negative breast cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype of breast cancer with no approved targeted therapies. Tumor endothelial marker 8 (TEM8), initially identified as a marker of tumor endothelial cells in colorectal cancer and other solid tumors has recently been shown to be upregulated in TNBC and breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs). We investigated whether TEM8 specific chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells recognize and kill both tumor endothelial cells as well as TNBC tumor cells. TEM8 specific CAR molecules were generated using single chain variable fragment derived from the monoclonal antibody, L2. L2 CAR T cells selectively recognized TEM8, secreted immunostimulatory cytokines and effectively killed both TEM8 positive TNBC and tumor endothelial cell lines. Moreover, L2 CAR T cells targeted breast cancer stem cells significantly reducing the number of mammospheres relative to non-transduced T cells. In vivo, adoptive transfer of L2 CAR T cells induced regression of established vascularized TNBC xenografts. Hence, TEM8 may serve as an attractive target for immunotherapy of TNBC. Citation Format: Tiara Byrd, Kristen Fousek, Antonella Pignata, Christopher Szot, Kevin Bielamowicz, Steven Seaman, Daniel Landi, Nino Rainusso, Poul Sorensen, Joachim Koch, Winfried Wels, Bradley Fletcher, Meenakshi Hegde, Brad St Croix, Nabil Ahmed. TEM8/ANTXR1 specific T cells co-target tumor stem cells and tumor vasculature in triple-negative breast cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 2312.
Side-scan sonar simulation for a kernelized seafloor shape reconstruction approach

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper we show how an existing pixel-based surface elevation estimation method for side-scan sonar data can be enhanced by using a kernelized surface representation. We discuss a Bayesian formulation for the side-scan imaging process and describe how methods of space carving and inverse ray tracing built on Markov Random Fields (MRF) can be introduced to the task of surface estimation from side-scan sonar data.
Phaseolus vulgaris G21426

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Plant Genetic Resource.
Taxonomy: Phaseolus vulgaris
Common name(s): beans
Other names: Rakovski-2
Conserved by: Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT), Colombia
Local sample unique identifier: G21426
Method of creation: Acquisition
Date: 1986-01-01
Historical: No
Biological status: Traditional cultivar/landrace
MLS status: Included
Framing and the Role of the Second Actor: An Application of Prospect Theory to Bargaining

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

An actor's frame of reference significantly affects that actor's risk attitude. Although the frame of reference is often taken as a given, earlier work shows it to be the result of an actor's assumptions and beliefs, which can be manipulated by a second actor in a bargaining situation. As modeled here, confidence in selected assumptions can be manipulated by one of two means: changing the confidence of the actor about the future domain, and getting the actor to adopt a particular domain by discounting the utility of a course of action. Both methods force a change in the perceived domain and a shift in risk attitude. In addition to showing manipulation of an actor's frame, the model adds to our understanding of Kahneman and Tversky's original expression of prospect theory.