jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
IMPACT OF BELT AND ROAD INITIATIVE ON THE ECONOMIC GROWTH OF MEMBER COUNTRIES IN ASIA

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The study sought to answer the impact of the Belt and Road Initiative on the economic growth of Asian countries and how its growth affects various economic sectors of Asian countries. One of the significant contributions of this paper is that it highlights factors in Asian countries that account for the successful implementation of the Belt and Road initiative. The findings of this study are to serve as a guideline for firms, individuals, government, or any other entity willing to invest in Asian countries along the Belt and Road Initiative. Similarly, the study focused on identifying critical sectors of the host nation’s economy that are being impacted significantly by the Belt and Road initiative in Asia. The findings of the study are to serve as a guide to governments, corporate entities, and all stakeholders in Asia the most likely sectors of their economy likely to be impacted significantly by the Belt and Road Initiative. On economic growth it was realized that BRI from mainland China has a significant positive effect on the GDP growth rate of Asia. However, BRI showed no direct significant effect on the various economic sectors, previous year’s GDP growth rate has a significant positive effect on agriculture growth rate, manufacturing growth rate, services growth rate and external balance of trade growth rate indicating that there is a significant spillover from GDP growth rate as a result of BRI to other sectors of the economy.
Structural relaxation in atomic clusters: Master equation dynamics

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The role of the potential energy landscape in determining the relaxation dynamics of model clusters is studied using a master equation. Two types of energy landscape are examined: a single funnel, as exemplified by 13-atom Morse clusters, and the double funnel landscape of the 38-atom Lennard-Jones cluster. Interwell rate constants are calculated using Rice-Ramsperger-Kassel-Marcus theory within the harmonic approximation, but anharmonic model partition functions are also considered. Decreasing the range of the potential in the Morse clusters is shown to hinder relaxation towards the global minimum, and this effect is related to the concomitant changes in the energy landscape. The relaxation modes that emerge from the master equation are interpreted and analysed to extract interfunnel rate constants for the Lennard-Jones cluster. Since this system is too large for a complete characterization of the energy landscape, the conditions under which the master equation can be applied to a limited database are explored. Connections are made to relaxation processes in proteins and structural glasses.
Closed sets of nonlocal correlations

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We introduce a fundamental concept -- closed sets of correlations -- for studying non-local correlations. We argue that sets of correlations corresponding to information-theoretic principles, or more generally to consistent physical theories, must be closed under a natural set of operations. Hence, studying the closure of sets of correlations gives insight into which information-theoretic principles are genuinely different, and which are ultimately equivalent. This concept also has implications for understanding why quantum non-locality is limited, and for finding constraints on physical theories beyond quantum mechanics.
Total Synthesis of (−)-8-Deoxyserratinine via an Efficient Helquist Annulation and Double N-Alkylation Reaction

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The first enantioselective total synthesis of (−)-8-deoxyserratinine has been achieved in 15 steps from enone <b>4</b> with 7% overall yield. The key features include a highly efficient Helquist annulation to furnish the cis-fused 6/5 bicycle, facile construction of the aza nine-membered ring system employing double N-alkylation strategy, as well as asymmetric Shi epoxidation, delivering the desired β-epoxide stereospecifically.
Robert Jervis: remembering the dean of intelligence studies

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The passing of Robert Jervis in December 2021 has prompted a flood of personal recollections about our fellow editorial board member, describing how he created and refined theory, boosted careers, inspired students, and encouraged his colleagues. As the leading political scientist of his day, Robert Jervis will be remembered mostly for his contributions to political psychology, international relations theory, and nuclear strategy. Nevertheless, throughout his career, he always returned to his avocation – intelligence studies. Here is a brief summary of his contributions to the study and conduct of intelligence.
Combination Therapy With Oral Sildenafil and Beraprost for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Associated With CREST Syndrome

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is commonly associated with CREST (Calcinosis, Raynaud phenomenon, Esophageal motility disorders, Sclerodactyly, and Telangiectasia) syndrome. Sildenafil, an oral phosphodiesterase type-5 inhibitor, may offer benefits in the pharmacological management of PAH. However, little is known about the long-term hemodynamic effects of sildenafil, and the potential role of sildenafil in long-term combination with beraprost, an oral prostacyclin analogue, remains unclear. We therefore examined the hemodynamic effect of oral sildenafil alone and when coadministered with beraprost in a patient with PAH associated with CREST syndrome. Traces of the acute hemodynamic effects of beraprost (20 microg) disappeared after 2 hours. In contrast, the acute hemodynamic effects of sildenafil (50 mg) produced a greater reduction in PAP (31%) and PVR (40%), and these effects also disappeared after 5 hours. After 1 month of combination therapy of sildenafil (25 mg) twice daily and beraprost (20 microg) 3 times daily, the fall in pulmonary artery pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance was sustained (31% in both). Furthermore, the patient had significantly improved her 3-minute walk test and NYHA function class without significant adverse effects at the reported doses. The findings indicate that oral sildenafil is a potent pulmonary vasodilator that appears to act synergistically with oral beraprost to cause sustained pulmonary vasodilatation in a patient with PAH associated with CREST syndrome.
Distribution and Longevity of Pratylenchus penetrans in the Red Raspberry Production System

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract One of the major constraints on the production of red raspberries in the Pacific Northwest is the presence of the rootlesion nematode Pratylenchus penetrans . Current management of this nematode relies heavily on preplant soil fumigation; however, regulations have made the practice more difficult and expensive. Additional issues with soil fumigation include lack of efficacy at deeper soil depths and potential inability to penetrate raspberry root material that remains in the field during fumigation which may harbor P. penetrans . To address these issues, two field experiments were conducted in northwestern Washington. In the first experiment, the residency time of P. penetrans in root material from the previous raspberry crop, which was terminated with or without the use of herbicides, was monitored over time. Pratylenchus penetrans was found in root material from 6 to 8 mon after the crop was terminated, and herbicide application did not reduce P. penetrans residency time compared to untreated root material. In a second experiment, the vertical distribution of P. penetrans at three different times during the field establishment process (pre- and postfumigation, and at planting) was determined at two locations. Both locations had detectable prefumigation P. penetrans populations at all depths. However, postfumigation populations showed a different distribution pattern between locations. The location with coarser soil had populations located mainly at shallower depths with a maximum of 44 P. penetrans/100 g soil at 16 to 30 cm deep, whereas the location with finer soil had populations located mainly at deeper depths with a maximum of 8 P. penetrans /100 g soil at 76 to 90 cm deep. At planting, distribution tended to equilibrate among depths at both locations, but the overall population pattern across depth at each location was similar to that observed at postfumigation. Understanding more about the residency time and distribution of this nematode may provide growers with information that can be used to more effectively target P. penetrans .
The lightweight simulation technology based on virtual environment

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Virtual Reality technology is being widely used in various fields, especially in industry. it is widely used in practice for assembly simulation. However, the size of the data for simulation expands quickly along with the increase in components, which make it inconvenient for web publishing but can only be viewed locally. This paper proposes a approach to reduce the size of simulation file using lightweight models and Virtools. Thus the new assembly simulation file can be shared through internet or intranet, and people who have a computer connected to the internet or intranet can view the simulation file easily, and also it is convenient for worker training and operation guide. At Last, an example of assembly simulation in aircraft horizontal tail was given, and the result is proved to be effective.
Molecular analysis in three cases of X91- variant chronic granulomatous disease

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Defects in gp91-phox, the large subunit of cytochrome b558 (b-245) give rise to X-linked chronic granulomatous disease (CGD), a rare inherited condition characterized by an extreme susceptibility to bacterial and fungal infection. In the majority of cases, the phagocytes are unable to generate any superoxide owing to complete absence of the flavocytochrome. However, a small minority of these patients do have some phagocytic oxidase activity. We describe here an analysis of the molecular basis of the disease in three such variant patients with lesions in the gene coding for gp91-phox on the X chromosome. Three different genetic lesions were found, resulting in the substitution of tyrosine for cysteine 244, a deletion of one of three lysines 313 through 315, and the deletion of the six C-terminal amino acids, respectively. The functional consequences of these defects on oxidase activity was a reduction to 12%, 3.6%, and 2.1% of the normal levels, respectively. Corresponding levels of gp91-phox were 20%, 8%, and 16% of normal classifying these patients as X91-. Microbicidal assays showed that killing of Staphylococcus aureus was grossly impaired in cells in which there was 12% normal activity. This implies that if gene therapy is to be applied, it must restore oxidase activity to a much higher level than that present in the cells of this patient. The sites of two of the mutations were analyzed on a model of the C-terminal half of the gp91-phox, based on the crystal structure of the homologous protein ferrodoxin NADP reductase. Possible structural consequences of the mutations were examined.
Synthesis of 3-azacephalosporins

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of 3-azacephalosporinsMatsuhiko Aratani and Masashi HashimotoCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1980, 102, 19, 6171–6172Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00539a046https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00539a046research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views132Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Histoplasma capsulatum in adrenal gland aspirate--a case report.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We report a case of disseminated histoplasmosis in a 60-year-old non-immunocompromised patient who presented to us with fever and hepatosplenomegaly. Sonographic & CT examination of the abdomen showed bilateral adrenal masses. Cytological examination of the aspirated material from the mass showed yeast forms of H. capsulatum.
NDC Schemes as a Pathway towardPolitically Feasible Pension Reform

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Uses the Polish nonfinancial (notional) defined contribution(NDC) reform to illustrate the role of collective intelligence in meeting the challenges ofthe political feasibility of attaining macroeconomically sustainable reform of a country'spension system, arguing that collective intelligence works through commitment and coalition building. The design of NDC reforms itself has specific communicative advantages over that of parametric defined benefit (DB), if judged in terms of political feasibility when the goal is to achieve a financially sustainable pay-as-you-go (PAYG) pension system. Amongthe success factors, themost important appears to be the power of the NDC story, achieved both through content andthrough a process of collective intelligence (generative thinking among the policymakers that yielded a result potentially more whole and sustainable). Along with that factor, the timing of the reform, its positive framing, andthe length of the pension debate emerged as correlates of success.
From wage regulation to wage gap: how wage-setting institutions and structures shape the gender wage gap across three industries in 24 European countries and Germany

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Whilst a common and persisting feature of advanced market economies, the gender wage gap nevertheless varies across countries. Amongst the factors affecting this wage gap, indus-trial relations and industry differences still require further research. Using data from EU-SILC in 25 European countries, this article analyses how national wage-setting institutions impact wage differences between male and female full-time employees in three distinct in-dustries. Complementing the country comparison is an in-depth study of the German case using data from the German Linked Employer-Employee Database, shedding light on the interaction of industry-specific wage-setting regulations and gender equity in living wages. Findings from the international comparison suggest a substantial gender wage gap for full-time employees across industries with specific country patterns. Country patterns seem to be due to the overall influence of trade unions and the relationship between pay bargaining strategies and specific minimum wage policies. The German case adds to these findings by analysing the impact of sectoral models of wage bargaining for industry-specific gender wage gaps, focussing on living wages for skilled full-time employees.
Human Surrogates

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

A human surrogate is any object, virtual, physical or even a blend of virtual and physical, that acts as a stand-in for a human. Surrogates can be directly controlled or just given a specific task to carry out on behalf of a human. In the context of a virtual environment, a surrogate is more often referred to as an avatar, reflecting that it is intended to represent the person in some context, rather than just carrying out a specific task on his or her behalf. In essence, an avatar is a manifestation of the human who is "inhabiting" it. A person's avatar can look like the inhabiter or look like some other person, or even be a personification of some non-human character Generally, the inhabiter controls all critical actions, verbal and non-verbal, of his or her avatar, although the specific manifestation of the avatar may place constraints on how it carries out some of these desired behaviors.
It Reminds Me of My Happy Childhood: The Influence of a Brand Logo’s Holiday Atmosphere on Merchandise-Related Nostalgic Preference

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The holiday atmosphere abounds in marketing campaigns. The present research examines how the holiday atmosphere of a brand logo influences consumers’ merchandise-related nostalgic preference. Across three studies, the authors find that when consumers are exposed to brand logos with a strong (vs. weak) holiday atmosphere, they prefer nostalgic products (Study 1). This effect occurs because consumers exposed to a strong (vs. weak) holiday atmosphere generate more childhood imagery, resulting in significantly more choices of nostalgic products (Study 2). Additionally, the paper finds that the effect of the holiday atmosphere of a brand logo on merchandise-related nostalgic preference—here, the preference for products of nostalgic brands—does not occur for non-traditional holidays (Study 3). These findings make important contributions to the literature on holiday marketing, logo design and nostalgic marketing.
Time-Dependent Change of the Phasematching Wavelength Due to Refractive-Index Instabilities in Proton-Exchanged LiTaO3 Waveguides

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Quasi-phasematching (QPM) waveguides fabricated through annealed proton exchange (APE) in LiTaO 3 are promising candidates as the frequency-converting elements in blue frequency-doubled diode-laser devices [1].
Accelerator R&D for the European ADS demonstrator

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

An Accelerator Driven System (ADS) for transmutation of nuclear waste typically requires a 600 MeV - 1 GeV accelerator delivering a proton flux of a few mA for demonstrators, and a few tens of mA for large industrial systems. Such a machine belongs to the category of the high-power proton accelerators, with an additional requirement for exceptional reliability: because of the induced thermal stress to the subcritical core, the number of unwanted beam-trips should not exceed a few per year, a specification that is far above usual performance. This paper describes the reference solution adopted for such a machine, based on a so-called fault-tolerant linear superconducting accelerator, and presents the status of the associated R&D. This work is performed within the 6th Framework Program EC project EUROTRANS.
TPA and other small molecules can regulate the lategene expression in Human Papillomavirus (HPV-16)

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Cervical cancer is almost exclusively caused by the HPV virus, whit HPV 16 and 18 involved in the majority of cases. The HPV virus can be divided into high risk and low risk types, where the high risk types are most associated with cancer. HPV is spread by sexual skin to skin contact, many people get infected without getting cervical cancer. HPV is also involved in the development of several other types of cancers such as oral and other genital cancers. The HPV virus infects epithelium stem cells and disrupts basic functions of the cells. A high expression of the late genes early in an infection may result in that an HPV 16 infection dies out. The late gene expression was analysed by using a CAT ELISA method, in the cell lines used one of the late genes had been replaced by a CAT reporter gene. Several small molecules where investigated, to study the regulation of the late gene expression. The results of the study was that a regulation of the late gene expression could be seen when pBELMCAT was treated with TPA, TA and RA where TPA gave the highest increase in the late gene expression. TA/RA combined with TPA increased the expression even more. As a conclusion it seems possible for small molecules to be used in treatments for cervical cancer that is caused by HPV 16, to upregulate the late gene expression and maybe be able to eliminate the infection before serious damage and disease can develop.
The preservation of tabby ruins: Suggestions for the future of Chocolate Plantation

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The preservation efforts undertaken at historic tabby sites have varied greatly from site to site with differing levels of success. A critical look at different preservation strategies enables the development of best practices for appropriate tabby preservation. These best practices may be applied to an array of sites but are tested in this thesis as they are applied to Chocolate Plantation. Chocolate Plantation is a historic site from the early nineteenth century composed primarily of tabby buildings on the Georgia barrier island of Sapelo. Constructed during the Spalding Era of tabby, between the years 1790 and 1875, Chocolate is representative of plantation design in the most active era of tabby construction. After years of neglect, Chocolate stands primarily in ruin with no plan for preservation or interpretation. Aided by the analysis of other tabby ruins of the Spalding Era this thesis seeks to find an appropriate solution for the preservation of Chocolate through the creation of a preservation plan. Working from a list of over fifty Spalding Era tabby ruins, sites are analyzed for their preservation strategies. The analysis narrows the tabby sites further to a few model samples that display specific preservation options that may be applied to Chocolate Plantation. These sites were chosen for their similarities in ownership, accessibility, and condition to Chocolate so that the application of strategies are more directly relatable. The recommendations compiled for Chocolate Plantation offer strategies that have been utilized with success at other sites. The comparative analysis as a whole provides a broader look at preservation of tabby structures by synthesizing best practices from most remaining tabby sites.