jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Inflight demonstrator of quantum key distribution between CubeSats of Q-ANSER program

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

In Quantum Key Distribution (QKD), the emitter and receiver need to share an optical quantum channel - which can be optical fibre, terrestrial free-space or space-based links- to exchange the quantum states. However, with the future aim to achieve a quantum global communication network, communications links between small satellites in constellations will be required. In this context, the experience of INTA in the ANSER (Advanced Nanosatellite Systems for Earth Observation Research) small satellite constellation program will be exploited. This program develops a set of missions that will include groupings of a minimum of three CubeSats (a leader and two or more followers) flying in formation and in coordinated operation for a common mission. Therefore, the only difference between ANSER and Q-ANSER program will be the payload of the satellite. In Q-ANSER, in which a prepare-and-measure B92 QKD protocol will be used to generate the secret key, two optical systems will be introduced. In the emitter this system will be capable of sending polarized weak coherent laser pulses, attenuated to single-photon level, to the receiver, which will also be an optical system capable of receiving and detecting these single photons. Prepare-and-measure QKD schemes with polarization encoding require the minimization of polarization degradation both in the transmitter and receiver designs. In particular, the polarization extinction ratio (PER) should be maintained as high as possible to reduce the quantum bit error rate (QBER) . This polarization control will be done with the polarization modulators based on liquid crystals developed by INTA.
Rethinking Insects as Food: From Protein Ingredient to Culinary Experience- Insects as a Culinary Ingredient

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Edible insects are often promoted in Europe as an environmentally sustainable and affordable protein source. This perspective has guided product development toward insect flours blended into conventional foods such as pasta, bread, or pastries. While nutritionally promising, this approach has done little to overcome cultural resistance. By reducing insects to a generic commodity protein, it fails to address the sensory and culinary dimensions that drive consumer acceptance of new foods. Food culture demonstrates that novel ingredients succeed when they are celebrated for their distinctive flavors, textures, and preparation rituals. In France, few consumers could describe the intrinsic taste of snails, frog legs, or scallops, yet these foods enjoy enduring popularity due to the iconic dishes and sauces built around them. We argue that insect-based foods should follow a similar path - developed as flavorful, high-quality culinary ingredients, not as hidden protein supplements. Moreover, positioning insects as premium, aspirational products rather than low-cost substitutes may accelerate adoption. The history of electric vehicles illustrates this dynamic: only when premium models demonstrated desirability and performance did public perception shift. To unlock the full potential of insects for sustainable diets, we must invest in gastronomic innovation, sensory research, and the cultural narratives that transform ingredients into cuisine.
An Efficient Mesoporous Cu‐Organic Nanorod for Friedländer Synthesis of Quinoline and Click Reactions

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Within the green chemistry context, heterogeneous catalysis for the synthesis of N‐heterocycles from renewable resources using non‐precious metals has garnered great interest in terms of economic and environmental perspectives. Herein, we present a triazine functional hierarchical mesoporous organic polymer (HMOP) with nanorod morphology together with large BET surface area ∼1218 m 2 g −1 , huge pore volume&γτ“;6 mL g −1 and dual micro/mesopore architectures. Subsequent Cu‐coordination with nitrogen atoms of the HMOP provides a robust catalyst (Cu‐HMOP) to accomplish multi‐step cascade reactions for preparation of N‐heterocycles by different routes. For instance, the Cu‐HMOP efficiently catalyzes one‐pot sequential multi‐step oxidative dehydrogenative coupling of 2‐aminobenzyl alcohol with diverse aromatic ketones to afford corresponding quinolines in excellent isolated yields (up to 97 %). Secondly, the present catalyst exhibits good aerobic oxidative dehydrogenation activity of amines to imines. Thirdly, for “click” reaction involving azides‐alkynes, the Cu‐HMOP produced quantitative yield for 1,4‐disubstituted 1,2,3‐triazole derivatives at room temperature using water as solvent. Verification of active metal leaching by a hot filtration test as well as reusability of the retrieved Cu‐HMOP catalysts shows a consistent activity in the multi‐component quinoline synthesis as model reaction.
Terahertz research - the first thirty years (1895-1924)

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

In a very recent publication the author was amused to read ... 'that this region of the spectrum has only begun to be explored thoroughly over the last decade'. The authors might be surprised to learn that there were over 1500 publications concerning what is now conveniently called the terahertz (THz) region between the 1890s and 1970. There were countless more in the next 25 years. However, rather than dwelling on the well-documented surge of activity from the late 1950s onwards, due to such things as the arrival of digital computers for Fourier transform spectroscopy, helium-cooled detectors and long-wavelength lasers, this paper looks back to the very early years of research in this spectral region. The end date of 1923 is the year when the 'gap' between the far-infrared and electric waves (as they were then called) was closed. It is truly remarkable that so much was achieved with what was very basic technology.
Comparative efficacy and life quality effects of surgical stripping, radiofrequency ablation, and cyanoacrylate embolization in patients undergoing treatment for great saphenous vein insufficiency

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives To compare traditional surgery with two minimally invasive endo-venous procedures in terms of their long-term effect on the quality of life in great saphenous vein insufficiency (GSV). Method This prospective observational study included 217 patients that underwent surgical stripping (n = 62), radiofrequency ablation (n = 70), or cyanoacrylate embolization (n = 85) for the treatment of GSV insufficiency. Venous Clinical Severity Score (VCSS) assessments were made, 36-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) questionnaire and Chronic Venous Insufficiency quality of life Questionnaire (CIVIQ-14) were administered, before and 1 year after the treatments. Results Surgical stripping group had significantly higher closure rates than the other groups (p < 0.05). At 12 months, decrease in VCSS scores was less pronounced in the cyanoacrylate embolization group when compared to the other two groups (p < 0.05). Improvement in CIVIQ-14 scores was better in the radiofrequency ablation group when compared to the cyanoacrylate embolization group (p < 0.05). Surgical stripping or radiofrequency ablation groups performed better on several domains of SF-36, when compared to the cyanoacrylate embolization group. Conclusions Surgical stripping and radiofrequency ablation seem to provide a better quality of life results at one year in patients undergoing treatment for GSV insufficiency.
Physiology of peripheral neurons innervating otolith organs of the squirrel monkey. I. Response to static tilts and to long-duration centrifugal force

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

1. The response to static tilts was studied in peripheral otolith neurons in the barbiturate-anesthetized squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus). Each unit was characterized by a functional polarization vector, which defines the axis of greatest sensitivity. A circumstantial criterion was used to assign units to the inferior (IN) or superior (SN) vestibular nerves. The former neurons should innervate the sacculus, the latter mainly the utriculus. Confirming pasting experiments, the polarization vectors for SN units lay near the plane of the utricular macula, those for IN units near the plane of the saccular macula. The polarization vectors for IN units were compared in two groups of animals. In one group, the vestibular nerve was intact; in the other, the superior nerve was sectioned. No differences were found and this, together with other observations, demonstrate that the sacculas in mammals functions mainly (if not solely) as an equilibrium organ. 2. The resting discharge of otolith neurons averages some 60 spikes/s, the sensitivity some 30-40 spikes/s-g. IN units tend to have slightly lower sensitivities than do SN units. IN units with upwardly directed (+Z) vectors have substantially higher resting discharges than do units with downwardly directed (-Z) vectors. The +Z units are also characterized by more linear force-response relations. 3. There is a strong positive relation between the resting discharge and sensitivity of units characterized by regular steady-state discharge patterns. A weaker, but statistically significant, relation is demonstrable for irregular units. It is suggested that the relation seen in regular units is the result of the neurons differing from one anothrer in terms of a receptor bias, a transduction gain, or both. Only the mechanism based on transduction gain is thought to be operative among the population of irregular units. 4. Centrifugal-force trapezoids were used to study the response adaptation to prolonged stimulation. Adaptation was more conspicious in irregular units and was characterized by perstimulus response declines and poststimulus secondary responses. For regular units, adaptive properties were similar during excitatory and inhibitory responses. For irregular units, response declines were larger during excitatory stimuli, secondary responses larger following inhibitory stimuli. Typically, response declines were most rapid at the start of the force plateau. A few units, all of them irregular, exhibited a delayed adaptation with response declines beginning only after a constant force had been maintained for 10-20 s. 5. Excitatory responses of regular units are almost always larger than inhibitory responses. This is so during both the dynamic and static portions of force trapezoids. A similar asymmetry is seen in the dynamic response of irregular units; static response asymmetries of the latter units are more variable.
ANTIMUTAGENIC ACTIVITY OF EGYPTIAN PROPOLIS AND BEE POLLEN WATER EXTRACTS AGAINST CISPLATIN-INDUCED CHROMOSOMAL ABNORMALITIES IN BONE MARROW CELLS OF MICE

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Bee-collected pollen and propolis are apicultural products which are recognized as a well balanced food. These beehive products are composed of nutritionally valuable substances and contain considerable amounts of polyphenol substances which may have several useful pharmacological properties. Methods: The protective activity of Bee-collected pollen (BPE) and water-soluble derivative of propolis(WSDPE) aqueous extracts was studied on cisplatin(CDDP) induced genotoxicity in male albino mice(Mus mascullus). Results: The treatment of mice with Bee-collected pollen and propolis extracts at doses 140 and 8.4 mg/kg body weight/day, respectively for 14 days synergistically with the intraperitoneal administration of cisplatin at dose of 2.8 mg/kg b.wt exhibited significant chemoprotective activity. Genotoxicity and cytotoxicity was evaluated by the bone marrow chromosomal aberration assay and mitotic index, respectively. WSDPE and BPE, alone did not significantly induce chromosomal aberrations confirming their non-mutagenic effects. While, the animals in groups five and six (G5 and G6), that were injected i.p. with CDDP alone for one week and then for the next 14 days these animals were given WSDPE and BPE in synergistic with i.p. injection of CDDP, exhibited a significant decrease in cytogenetic damages induced by CDDP in bone marrow cells. The anti-cytotoxicity effects of WSDPE and BPE were also evident, as observed by significant increase in mitotic index, when compared to positive control group (G2). Conclusion: Thus, results of the present investigation revealed that WSDP and BPE have chemoprotective potential against CDDP induced genotoxicity in bone marrow cells of male albino mice. Also, the present investigation indicated that the chemoprotective frequency of BPE was much greater than WSDPE.
Large deviation principle for one-dimensional random walk in dynamic random environment: attractive spin-flips and simple symmetric exclusion

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Consider a one-dimensional shift-invariant attractive spin-flip system in equilibrium, constituting a dynamic random environment, together with a nearest-neighbor random walk that on occupied sites has a local drift to the right but on vacant sites has a local drift to the left. In previous work we proved a law of large numbers for dynamic random environments satisfying a space-time mixing property called cone-mixing. If an attractive spin-flip system has a finite average coupling time at the origin for two copies starting from the all-occupied and the all-vacant configuration, respectively, then it is cone-mixing. In the present paper we prove a large deviation principle for the empirical speed of the random walk, both quenched and annealed, and exhibit some properties of the associated rate functions. Under an exponential space-time mixing condition for the spin-flip system, which is stronger than cone-mixing, the two rate functions have a unique zero, i.e., the slow-down phenomenon known to be possible in a static random environment does not survive in a fast mixing dynamic random environment. In contrast, we show that for the simple symmetric exclusion dynamics, which is not cone-mixing (and which is not a spin-flip system either), slow-down does occur.
CRASH TESTS OF SMALL HIGHWAY SIGN SUPPORTS

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This report describes 22 full-scale crash tests conducted to evaluate the impact performance of widely used support systems for small roadside signs. Promising new support systems were also evaluated. All systems were of the single post type, with one exception. One system had a vertical post and a back brace. Also summarized are the results of recent crash tests sponsored by industry on small sign support systems. Test results and test articles were evaluated in terms of current AASHTO performance specifications and FHWA guidelines. (FHWA)
Current Status and Future Trends of Green Metallurgical Technology

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Green metallurgical technology, as an environmentally friendly and efficient metallurgical method, is increasingly becoming a global research focus in the metallurgical industry. This paper reviews the definition, essence, historical evolution, significance, and application fields of green metallurgical technology, and deeply analyzes the current development status, major achievements, and challenges faced by green metallurgical technology worldwide. On this basis, the paper discusses the innovative directions and emerging technologies of green metallurgical technology and introduces its practical applications in the steel industry, non-ferrous metal smelting, and environmental protection with specific examples. Finally, the paper looks ahead to the future development trends of green metallurgical technology, analyzes policy support and industrial prospects, and emphasizes the importance of international cooperation and technology exchange. The research aims to provide references and lessons for promoting the development of green metallurgical technology.
Second Nature: Gender in Marx’s Grundrisse

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

To the Marx scholar, the exclusion of gender from the Grundrisse appears differently. This chapter is in a position to see what the Grundrisse has to offer on the question of gender, both historically and conceptually, and to relate its offerings to contemporary debates in Marxist-feminist theory and in feminist theory more broadly. It explains Marx's interest in women's history, the history of the family, and women's labour within capitalism. Marx's work on gender ultimately overcomes discourses: the querelle des femmes and political economy, to argue some very contemporary points. The chapter foreshadows the shape of texts that set the terms of debate for twentieth-century feminism. The use of the term gender in this article has been both anachronistic and deliberate. Keywords:capitalism; gender; Grundrisse; Marx; Marxist-feminist theory; twentieth-century feminism
The Nature of Progression in Parkinson’s Disease: An Application of Non-Linear, Multivariate, Longitudinal Random Effects Modelling

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

BACKGROUND: To date, statistical methods that take into account fully the non-linear, longitudinal and multivariate aspects of clinical data have not been applied to the study of progression in Parkinson’s disease (PD). In this paper, we demonstrate the usefulness of such methodology for studying the temporal and spatial aspects of the progression of PD. Extending this methodology further, we also explore the presymptomatic course of this disease. METHODS: Longitudinal Positron Emission Tomography (PET) measurements were collected on 78 PD patients, from 4 subregions on each side of the brain, using 3 different radiotracers. Non-linear, multivariate, longitudinal random effects modelling was applied to analyze and interpret these data. RESULTS: The data showed a non-linear decline in PET measurements, which we modelled successfully by an exponential function depending on two patient-related covariates duration since symptom onset and age at symptom onset. We found that the degree of damage was significantly greater in the posterior putamen than in the anterior putamen throughout the disease. We also found that over the course of the illness, the difference between the less affected and more affected sides of the brain decreased in the anterior putamen. Younger patients had significantly poorer measurements than older patients at the time of symptom onset suggesting more effective compensatory mechanisms delaying the onset of symptoms. Cautious extrapolation showed that disease onset had occurred some 8 to 17 years prior to symptom onset. CONCLUSIONS: Our model provides important biological insights into the pathogenesis of PD, as well as its preclinical aspects. Our methodology can be applied widely to study many other chronic progressive diseases.
Ineffciency of equilibria in query auctions with continuous valuations - Extended Abstract

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Query auctions are (iterative) auctions in which bidders have to select (in each round) from a flnite set of actions. We show that, when bidders have continuous valuations, any ex post equilibrium in an ex post individually rational query auction can only be ex post e-cient when the running time of the auction is inflnite for almost all realiza- tions of valuations of the bidders. In contrast we show that, when we allow for ine-cient allocations with arbitrarily small probability, there is a query auction (to be more speciflc, a bisection auction) that attains this level of approximate e-ciency in equilibrium, while additionally the running time of the auction in equilibrium is flnite for all realizations of valuations.
Determination of Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns in Salmonella from Commercial Poultry as Influenced by Microbiological Culture and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing Methods

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Monitoring antimicrobial resistance of foodborne pathogens in poultry is critical for food safety. We aimed to compare antimicrobial resistance phenotypes in Salmonella isolated from poultry samples as influenced by isolation and antimicrobial susceptibility testing methods. Salmonella isolates were cultured from a convenience sample of commercial broiler ceca with and without selective broth enrichment, and resistance phenotypes were determined for 14 antimicrobials using the Sensititre® platform and a qualitative broth breakpoint assay. The broth breakpoint method reported higher resistance to chloramphenicol, sulfisoxazole, and the combination of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole, and lower resistance to streptomycin as compared to the Sensititre® assay in trial one. Selective enrichment of samples containing Salmonella in Rappaport-Vassiliadis broth reported lowered detectable resistance to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, ampicillin, azithromycin, cefoxitin, ceftriaxone, nalidixic acid, and meropenem, and increased resistance to streptomycin and tetracycline than direct-plating samples in trial one. Using matched isolates in trial two, the Sensititre® assay reported higher resistance to chloramphenicol and gentamicin, and lower resistance to nalidixic acid as compared to the broth breakpoint method. These results suggest methodology is a critical consideration in the detection and surveillance of antimicrobial resistance phenotypes in Salmonella isolates from poultry samples and could affect the accuracy of population or industry surveillance insights and intervention strategies.
The Military Road to Sarajevo

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract This chapter describes events leading up to the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand. While the details of the assassination continue to excite historians, few focus on the peculiar coincidence that so many of the protagonists were wearing the uniform of k. (u.) k. officers. The perspective the Austro-Hungarian army throws on these melancholy events is illuminating. The unfortunate Archduke was a high-ranking military official as well as heir to the throne. Franz Ferdinand would not have been in Sarajevo had he not been attending manoeuvres in his capacity as inspector-general of the army. The invitation and the timing of the manoeuvres had been determined by the General Staff. His host was another high-ranking officer, Oskar Potiorek, and the Archduke's security was in his hands. At two critical moments in the coming days another officer, Erik von Merizzi, Potiorek's ADC would play a significant and unfortunate cameo role.
LYMPHOPROLIFERATIVE DISEASE

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

No AccessJournal of UrologyRadiology Page1 Jan 2005LYMPHOPROLIFERATIVE DISEASEis corrected byRADIOLOGY PAGE: LYMPHOPROLIFERATIVE DISEASE Erich K. Lang, Rodney Davis, and Kelly Cline Erich K. LangErich K. Lang More articles by this author , Rodney DavisRodney Davis More articles by this author , and Kelly ClineKelly Cline More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1097/01.ju.0000147145.98283.3cAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "LYMPHOPROLIFERATIVE DISEASE." The Journal of Urology, 173(1), p. 240 Department of Radiology; Tulane Medical Center; New Orleans, Louisiana© 2005 by American Urological Association, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsRelated articlesJournal of Urology9 Nov 2018RADIOLOGY PAGE: LYMPHOPROLIFERATIVE DISEASE Volume 173Issue 1January 2005Page: 240 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2005 by American Urological Association, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Erich K. Lang More articles by this author Rodney Davis More articles by this author Kelly Cline More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...