jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Raised Cosine Filter Implementation on Digital Video Broadcasting Satellite 2 (DVB-S2)

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The development of digital video broadcasting is still continue recently and was done by many parties. One of the project regarding this research was DVB project. There was three areas in digital video broadcasting. One of them was Digital Video Broadcasting Satellite Second Generation (DVB-S2). The development of this project is not focus only in video broadcasting but also focus in applications and mutlimedia services. The objective of this research was to implement raised cosine filter in DVB-S2 using matlab simulink in order to optimize SNR and BER value. Parameters used in this project was QPSK mode and LDPC with 50 iteration. Those parameters was chosen to maintain originality of data that sent in noisy channel. The result showed that by implementing raised cosine filter could optimized BER value of the system. The higher SNR value would give the lower BER value. In static video, the best SNR value when using a filter is 0.9 dB with a BER value of 0.000004810 while for dynamic video the SNR is 0.9 with a BER value of 0.00001030.
The Empire of Nature: Hunting, Conservation and British Imperialism

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Hunting - themes and variations the 19th-century hunting world hunting and African societies hunting and settlement in southern Africa game and imperial rule in Central Africa exploration, conquest and game in East Africa the imperial hunt in India from preservation to conservation - legislation and the international dimension reserves and the tsetse controversy national parks in Africa and Asia shikar and safari - hunting and conservation in the British empire. Appendices: the game legislation of the African colonies and India a colonoal game law - Northern Rhodesia, 1925 the membership of the Society for the Preservation of the Fauna of the Empire game and the independent African state - the Arusha manifesto, 1961.
Prognostic and predictive value of circulating ESR1 mutations in metastatic breast cancer patients (mBC) progressing under aromatase inhibitor (AI) treatment.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

511 Background: We recently reported that the detection of somatic and circulating activating ESR1 mutations is related to AI resistance in hormone receptor positive (HR+) mBC (Sefrioui et al., 2015). We aimed to evaluate the predictive and prognostic values of circulating ESR1 mutations detection at time of progression in mBC patients under AI. Methods: This study is a monocentric retrospective analysis of all consecutive patients treated with first-line AI for HR+mBC from 2008/01 to 2010/12. ESR1 circulating mutations rates (D538G, Y537S/N/C) were assessed by droplet digital PCR on plasma samples at progression. The impact of the mutational status on OS, PFS and clinical response to subsequent treatments was determined by univariate and multivariate analysis. Results: A total of 144 HR+mBC patients was analyzed. Median follow-up from initiation of AI was 40 months (range 4-94). At progression, 44 patients (30.6 %) presented at least one ESR1 circulating mutation (D538G 54%, Y537S 45%, Y537N 34%, Y537C 4%). Median OS after progression was 15 months (2-44) for mutated patients vs 24 months (2-70) for non-mutated patients (HR=1.9; p=0.006). For the whole population, performance status>1 (HR=3.0; p<0.0001), circulating ESR1 mutation (HR=1.9; p=0.002), and high level of cfDNA (H=1.8; p=0.006) were independent prognostic factors for OS. The mutational status was also independently related to a worse PFS (HR=1.7; p=0.008). After progression, 56 patients were treated by chemotherapy, 55 by fulvestrant/tamoxifen, 14 by AI + everolimus and 19 by no or other modalities. The detection of circulating ESR1 mutation was independently related to a worse OS and PFS in the chemotherapy group (HR=2.0 for both; p=0.04 and p=0.03, respectively). A trend for a worse OS was also observed for mutated patients treated by fulvestrant/tamoxifen (p=0.09). Among mutated patients, no difference was observed in PFS and OS between the different treatment groups. Conclusions: Circulating ESR1 mutation detection at progression under AI is a strong and independent prognostic factor of OS in HR+mBC patients. This detection seems predictive of a worse outcome in any subsequent treatment.
Schistostoma Becker 1902

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Schistostoma Becker Schistostoma Becker, 1902: 46. Type species: Schistostoma eremita Becker, 1902, by monotypy. Included fossil species. Schistostoma burmanicum Brooks, Cumming & Grimaldi, 2019: 122 (only male); S. foliatum Brooks, Cumming & Grimaldi, 2019: 124 (only male) (both species from northern Myanmar (Burmese amber), lowermost Cenomanian, Upper Cretaceous). Remarks. Currently, Schistostoma is a broadly defined, problematic genus sometimes hardly distinguishable from Microphor (Shamshev & Sinclair 2006; Brooks & Cumming 2022). Provisionally, monophyly of this lineage of microphorines could be supported by the medial hypandrial prolongation of male terminalia (absent in Microphor) and by six or seven exposed female abdominal segments (five exposed segments in Microphor) (Brooks & Cumming 2022). It is evident that both these characters are not always easily-observable features, especially in fossils. In addition, the real number of exposed female abdominal segments may probably be difficult to distinguish sometimes due to pre-mortal behaviour and post-mortal changes of a specimen in semiliquid sticky resin (Martínez- Delclòs et al. 2004; Arillo 2007). Schistostoma comprises 50 described extant and two extinct species. The recent species are distributed mostly in the Holarctic, although, three species are known from South Africa and only one species from the Oriental Region (Shamshev & Sinclair 2006; Shamshev 2020; Brooks & Cumming 2022). Both extinct species of Schistostoma were described from Burmese amber and they have remarkably modified male forelegs, which is a unique feature within the genus and all fossil microphorines (Brooks et al. 2019). In addition, there is a well-preserved male of an undescribed species of Schistostoma from Rovno amber (Shamshev & Perkovsky, unpubl. data). It is very similar habitually to the species from Burmese amber, but has simple legs.
The State, demographic change and the family in Northern Vietnam 1945-1995

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The thesis attempts to isolate ways in which the political and economic changes wrought by the northern Vietnamese state between 1945 and 1995 have influenced trends in northern Vietnamese mortality and fertility over the same period. The thesis also attempts to show how the demographic trends, and political and economic changes, have influenced the demography of northern Vietnamese families-in particular the demography of succession and of co-residence. Between 1945 and the early 1980s the northern Vietnamese state pursued a communist development strategy while fighting major wars. The economic institutions introduced by the government were subverted on a large scale and were highly inefficient. Nevertheless, from about the 1950s, mass campaigns and a system of locally-funded rural health centres brought about a rapid decline in mortality. Fertility began to decline slowly in the 1960s. Reasons for the decline included reduced infant mortality, wartime disruption, rising education costs, and, in the cities, the introduction of old-age support schemes. War deaths only partly undid the effects of the mortality decline and sustained high fertility, so that the population continued to grow rapidly, and the mean number of surviving children per woman reached historically unprecedented levels. During the 1980s, the Vietnamese state began to abandon its communist development strategy, in response to successive economic crises and to spontaneous grass roots innovations. Economic reform disrupted the health system, which had already been weakened through lack of investment; mortality nevertheless declined slightly through the 1980s. The fertility decline continued, hastened by economic expansion and the government's birth control program. Northern Vietnam's demographic trends have meant that unprecedentedly high proportions of families have been able to conform to northern Vietnam’s patrilineal succession rules. Demographic change has thus undermined the government's attempt to propagate new succession rules less biased against women. In contrast, and despite perceptions to the contrary, household size and structure have not changed markedly between 1945 and 1995. The relative stability in co-residence patterns has been a result of offsetting effects between mortality decline, fertility decline,and government policy.
Additional file 12: Figure S10. of High-fat feeding rather than obesity drives taxonomical and functional changes in the gut microbiota in mice

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The top 5 most abundant annotated species in in relation to mouse strain and diet. The figure shows the top 5 most abundant annotated species, which also clearly exhibited significant changes in abundance in relation to diet. Statistical differences were analyzed by unpaired Wilcoxon Rank-Sum test (with FDR correction). Statistically significant differences (Pâ
Facing software complexity on large telescopes

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The successful development of any complex control system requires a blend of good software management, an appropriate computer architecture and good software engineering. Due to the large number of controlled parts, high performance goals and required operational efficiency, the control systems for large telescopes are particularly challenging to develop and maintain. In this paper the authors highlight some of the specific challenges that need to be met by control system developers to meet the requirements within a limited budget and schedule. They share some of the practices applied during the development of the Southern African Large Telescope (SALT) and describe specific aspects of the design that contribute to meeting these challenges. The topics discussed include: development methodology, defining the level of system integration, computer architecture, interface management, software standards, language selection, user interface design and personnel selection. Time will reveal the full truth, but the authors believe that the significant progress achieved in commissioning SALT (now 6 months from telescope completion), can largely be attributed to the combined application of these practices and design concepts.
Effect of all-trans retinoic acid combined with temozolomide on U251 glioma cells

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Objective To investigate the effect of combined treatment of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and temozolomide (TMZ) on U251 glioma cells.Methods U251 glioma cells were treated with ATRA,TMZ,or ATRA combined with TMZ.The growth inhibition rate of each group was tested by using methyl thiazol tetrazolium (MTF) assay,and the apoptosis rate was analyzed by using flow cytometry.The protein expression of bax/bcl-2,Caspase-3,Caspase-8 and Caspase-9 was detected by using Western blotting.Results The growth inhibition rate of U251 glioma cells in ATRA group,TMZ group and combination group was (43.64 ± 5.09) ％,(35.77 ± 5.39) ％ and (56.84 ± 4.18) ％,and the apoptosis rate was (24.93.± 4.58) ％,(21.36 ± 3.76) ％ and (41.66 ± 5.02) ％,respectively.In ATRA group,TMZ group and combination group,the expression of bcl-2 was lower,but that of bax,Caspase-3,Caspase-8 and Caspase-9 was higher than in control group.These changes were more obvious in the combination group.Conclusion Both ATRA and TMZ can inhibit the growth of U251 cells and promote apoptosis,and exert the synergetic effect,which may be related to the down-regulation of the expression of bcl-2 and upregulation of bax/bcl-2,Caspase-3,Caspase-8 and Caspase-9 in U251 cells.

Key words:
All-trans retinoic acid ; Temozolomide; Glioma; Apoptosis
The Structures of the Chosen Metal Complexes with-2-[(2-Quinolylmethylene) amino]-phenol (QMAP) as a Ligand

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The new Mn(II), Cu(II) and Cr(III) complexes with 2-[(2quinolylmethylene)amino]-phenol (QMAP) were characterised by UV/VIS, IR and MS spectra and elemental analyses. The 1:1 (M:L) type of Mn(II)-and Cu(II)-QMAP complexes has been confirmed while the Cr(III)-QMAP complex show the ML2 type of chelate molecule. The structures and properties of the Mn(II), Cu(II), Cr(III), Ni(II) and Co(II) complexes with QMAP and PMAP (PMAP = 2-[(2-pyridylmethylene)amino]-phenol) were compared. The influence of the addition of another benzene ring to the ligand on the type of the formed complexes and on their solution or dyeing properties was investigated.
Miscellaneous new taxa of bamboo (Poaceae: Bambuseae) from Colombia, Ecuador and Mexico

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Two new species of Chusquea, C. albilanata from Colombia and Ecuador, and C. repens from Mexico, are described and illustrated; two subspecies are recognized within C. repens. A complete description of C. lehmannii , a common species of the upper montane forests and subpáramos in southern Colombia and Ecuador, is provided, and two subspecies are formally recognized. Guadua velutina from central and eastern Mexico is described and illustrated; this species represents the northernmost extension of the genus.
Quality Factors of Management for Vocational Education Institutions

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Abstract Given the rapid advancements faced in modern times, effective leadership is pivotal to the achievement of desired goals, competitiveness and overall success in organizations. This study aims to investigate the construct validity of management quality for vocational education institutions. The sample was 350 directors and deputy directors from vocational education institutions in Thailand, determined through Multistage Random Sampling and the research tool was a questionnaire with content validity and covering 7 sets of factors with a reliability of 0.98. The correlation of variables as determined by Kaiser- Meyer-Olkin is 0.983 and Bartlett’s test of sphericity is statistically significant. Therefore, the correlation of variables are sufficient for factor analysis. The results from the construct validity investigation of the quality management measurement model of vocational education institutions by the second order confirmatory factor analysis show that the model conforms to the empirical data derived from Chi-Square= 915.32, df= 857 and p= 0.08167 while χ 2 is not significantly different from 0 at the level of 0.05 and χ 2 /df is lower than 2 at 1.0680. In addition, RMSEA= 0.014 and RMR= 0.012, both lower than 0.05, and GFI= 0.900 and CFI= 1.00, higher than 0.90. It was concluded that the quality management measurement model of vocational education institutions has construct validity and conforms to the empirical data.
The role of meibomian secretion in the tears.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Meibomian lipid promotes the formation and stabilisation of the precorneal tear film. The deposited layer of this material at the lid margins prevents entry into the eye of skin surface fatty acids which would disrupt the film. The external oily layer also acts to reduce the rate of evaporative loss of fluid from the tear film. The relationship between composition of the secretion and its physical properties is discussed.
The gut microbiome and metabolome of saddleback tamarins (Leontocebus weddelli): Insights into the foraging ecology of a small‐bodied primate

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Body mass is a strong predictor of diet and nutritional requirements across a wide range of mammalian taxa. In the case of small‐bodied primates, because of their limited gut volume, rapid food passage rate, and high metabolic rate, they are hypothesized to maintain high digestive efficiency by exploiting foods rich in protein, fats, and readily available energy. However, our understanding of the dietary requirements of wild primates is limited because little is known concerning the contributions of their gut microbiome to the breakdown and assimilation of macronutrients and energy. To study how the gut microbiome contributes to the feeding ecology of a small‐bodied primate, we analyzed the fecal microbiome composition and metabolome of 22 wild saddleback tamarins (adult body mass 360–390 g) in Northern Bolivia. Samples were analyzed using high‐throughput Illumina sequencing of the 16 S rRNA gene V3‐V5 regions, coupled with GC‐MS metabolomic profiling. Our analysis revealed that the distal microbiome of Leontocebus weddelli is largely dominated by two main bacterial genera: Xylanibacter and Hallella (34.7 ± 14.7 and 22.6 ± 12.4%, respectively). A predictive analysis of functions likely carried out by bacteria in the tamarin gut demonstrated the dominance of membrane transport systems and carbohydrate metabolism as the predominant metabolic pathways. Moreover, given a fecal metabolome composed mainly of glucose, fructose, and lactic acid (21.7 ± 15.9%, 16.5 ± 10.7%, and 6.8 ± 5.5%, respectively), the processing of highly fermentable carbohydrates appears to play a central role in the nutritional ecology of these small‐bodied primates. Finally, the results also show a potential influence of environmentally‐derived bacteria in colonizing the tamarin gut. These results indicate high energetic turnover in the distal gut of Weddell's saddleback tamarin, likely influenced by dominant bacterial taxa that facilitate dietary dependence on highly digestible carbohydrates present in nectar, plant exudates, and ripe fruits.
Analgesic activity of the aqueous root extract <i>Lecaniodiscus cup anioides</i>

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Lecaniodiscus cupanioides is a medicinal plant that is widely used in folk medicine in West Africa. In Nigeria, the aqueous root extract of Lecaniodiscus cupanioides (LC) is reported to be effective against various ailments, including inflammatory conditions and hepatomegaly. Moreover, there are claims by herbal medical practitioners in Nigeria that LC is useful against acute and chronic pain, and that it is safe. This study reports the analgesic action of LC. The analgesic effect of LC (100 Š 400mg/kg, p.o.) was investigated in rodents using various pain models such as hot plate, formalin-induced pain, tail immersion, tail clip and writhing tests in mice, as well as tail flick test in rats. The results showed that LC produced a significant (P
Mobility support for next-generation Internet signaling protocols

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Internet signaling protocols establish, maintain and remove state along the data path. Next-generation signaling protocols design must meet the scaling requirements imposed by the various tasks of the Internet signaling applications, such as resource reservation and middlebox configuration, and to meet the demand for general functionality in signaling protocols, including strong security, reliability, congestion control, support for various signaling purposes and message sizes, and efficient support for mobility. This paper presents a generic signaling architecture, the cross-application signaling protocol (CASP) and describes how it supports efficient and secure signaling in IP mobility scenarios. In this approach, the signaling functionality is splitted into two layers: a generic messaging layer which provides the generic functionality for message delivery, and a client layer consisting of a next-hop discovery client and any number of client protocols which perform the actual signaling tasks. The essential mechanisms required to support mobility are: (1) a session identifier uniquely selected by the initiator and effective discovery of the cross-over node; (2) a branch identifier incrementally assigned for the new branch and efficient release of state in the abandoned branch; (3) ensuring discovery messages are delivered exactly following the path that mobile IP packets are encapsulated; and (4) effective hop-by-hop authentication and re-authorization provided by the messaging layer, non hop-by-hop security for signaling clients and denial-of-service protection in the discovery client.
CLONING OF DMRT4 GENE IN RANA NIGROMACULATA

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The Dmrt genes constitute a new gene family related to sex-determination.They were isolated by virtue of its homology to the double sex gene from Drosophila.,Mab-3 from Caenorhabditis elegan and human Dmrt1,which encode putative transcription factors with a conserved DM domain that is thought to bind DNA.In this paper,degenerate PCR was used to amplify the gene(DM domain)of Rana nigromaculata .The PCR products with the length of 150bp were obtained and subsequent sequence analysis confirmed the identity of the PCR products as Dmrt4.
The Yedoma cliff of Sobo Sise Island - insights into past and modern permafrost dynamics and related organic matter stock and release

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The present study the permafrost exposed the Sobo-Sise Yedoma cliff in the eastern Lena Delta provides a comprehensive cryostratigraphic and organic matter (OM) inventory, insights into permafrost aggradation and degradation over the last about 52 thousand years and their climatic and morphodynamic controls on regional scale of the Central Laptev Sea coastal region in NE Siberia.
Beyond Labelling: Rethinking the Role and Value of the Refugee ‘Label’ through Semiotics

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

For decades, academics have written on the need to interrogate the labels upon which the field of Refugee and Forced Migration Studies has been founded. At the centre of these discussions are certain foundational texts, which expound the need to take nothing about the meaning and purpose of the refugee label for granted. Though these accounts have proven incredibly rich and formative, this article suggests that much of the discussion on labelling to date has lacked a clear theoretical framework around which to structure their otherwise critical observations about the performative and malleable characteristics of language. It therefore introduces semiotics as an approach for making sense of these manifold interpretations and their relationships to each other, and for exploring what impacts this has on negotiations over refugees' futures. To showcase its analytical potential, this heuristic framework is applied to the history of durable solutions. This is used to suggest a number of key ways in which this approach necessitates a rethinking of the role and value of the refugee 'label' itself.