jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Determination of Melamine in Benzoguanamine by Cation Exchange Chromatography

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Amethod fo the determination of small amounts of melamine presen, t as an impurity in benzoguanamine is proposed. Melamine can be separated from ben2oguanamine by a ion exchange chromatography using a 8 250 mm co1umn packed with a strongly-acidic cation exchanger, AG 50 W-X 4. About 10 mZof the solution containing 50 mg of the sample in O.04mol hydrochloric acid is passed through the co1umn. After eluting interfering impurities with 170to 190 ml of O.8 mol/l hydrochloric acid at 35, melamine is eluted quantitatively with 20 ml of the same eluent. Melamine is determined by the measurement either the absorbance of the eluted, so1uton mad P to a certain volumeor the peak area of the chromatogram. The absorbance is measured by the difference between the absorption at 235 and 250 nm, and the chromat ogram is obtained by continuous measurement of the absorbanceof the emuent at 235 nm. Melamlne in benzoguanamine can be determined down to O, 1%, This method is nQt interfered by the presence of impurities such as cyanomelamine and ammeline.
Thyroid irradiation and the new ICRP dose limits

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The increasingly popular sub-threshold design is strongly calling for EDA support to estimate noise margins, minimum functional supply voltage, as well as the functional yield. In this paper, we propose a fast, accurate and statistical approach to accomplish these goals. First, we derive close-form functions based on a new equivalent resistance model which enables the fast estimation of noise margins of individual cells at the gate-level. Second, we propose to calculate and propagate the noise margin information with an affine arithmetic model that takes into account process variations and correspondent inter-cell correlations. Experiments with ISCAS benchmarks have shown that the new approach has an accuracy of 98.5% w.r.t. transistor-level Monte Carlo simulations. The running time per input vector of the new approach only needs a few seconds, in contrast to the many hours required by transistor-level DC Monte-Carlo simulations. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to provide a fast, accurate and statistical methodology other than Monte-Carlo simulation for the noise margin estimation of sub-threshold combinational circuits
Metastatic tuberculous abscess caused by Mycobacterium bovis presenting as subcutaneous nodules in a woman with rheumatoid arthritis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A metastatic tuberculous abscess is a rare condition that should be considered in the differential diagnoses of subcutaneous nodules in immunosuppressed patients. A 71-year-old woman with rheumatoid arthritis developed disseminated tuberculosis due to Mycobacterium bovis. After taking a vertebral biopsy, subcutaneous nodules appeared on the extremities. Initial histopathological and microbiological studies performed on the skin biopsy did not identify the mycobacterium. An aspirate obtained from a cold abscess was cultured and studied with a positive polymerase chain reaction; cultures grew M. bovis and treatment for disseminated tuberculosis was initiated. Two months later, the fevers recurred, and new skin nodules appeared. A repeated skin biopsy failed to identify the agent, yet it again grew from the material obtained from an aspirated abscess. Diagnostic tests should be exhausted in order to identify the organism successfully. This case suggested that recurrent hematogenous dissemination may originate after the manipulation of deep foci and present as a metastatic tuberculous abscess. Key words: Mycobacterium bovis; Cutaneous tuberculosis; Vertebral tuberculosis; Metastatic tuberculous abscess; Immunosuppression
PV tracking data needed in the optimal design of the azimuthal tracker&#x2019;s Control program

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

The energetic efficiency of the PV panels can be sensibly increased using tracking systems. In their control program design the main parameters are the motions amplitude and the tracking steps number which are subject of optimization based on maximization of the received direct solar radiation on panel, on minimization of the driving energy for tracking, on PV type and on local meteorological conditions. In the paper, these parameters are analyzed for the azimuthal tracking, based on maximization of the received direct solar radiation on panel for a specific day and cloudless sky. An appropriate numerical simulation model, based on MatLab software, was implemented. The results and the correlations between the parameters, obtained for the daily orientation are in designing the seasonal and yearly tracking control program design.
Defamation in the Digital Age: An Analysis of the Application of Restorative Justice under Indonesian Criminal Law

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The development of human civilisation is greatly influenced by advances in the field of communication and information, particularly through digitalisation. The negative impact of the freedom to access information and communication technology is also evident in the increasing number of cases of law violations through electronic media, including defamation. This research aims to examine how Indonesian criminal law handles defamation cases in the digital era, as well as the potential application of restorative justice in this context. The research questions include: how Indonesian criminal law handles defamation cases in the digital era; whether restorative justice can be applied in defamation cases, and how it is applied according to Indonesian criminal law; and how criminal liability for perpetrators of defamation in the digital era. The research method used is normative analysis through document studies and primary, secondary, and tertiary legal literature. The results of the research highlight the importance of understanding the criminal liability of defamation offenders under Indonesian criminal law. This research also explores the concept and application of restorative justice in defamation cases in the digital era, as well as its implications for the Indonesian criminal law framework.
Verbal Interactions between an Eminent Mental Training Consultant and Elite Level Athletes: A Case Study

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

A case study design was used to (a) describe the process and identify the content of the verbal interactions between an eminent mental training consultant and five elite level athletes during ten sessions, and to (b) compare the analyzed sessions with the consultant’s published approach on mental training. The sources of information included the audio recordings of the mental training sessions, the interviews with the consultant, the interviews with the athletes, and two articles published by the consultant. An adapted version of the Flanders’ (1965) Interaction Analysis in the Classroom was used to systematically code the process, and a content analysis was performed on the transcripts of the mental training sessions and interviews. During the sessions, the consultant’s verbal behaviors accounted for 39% of the total coded behaviors leaving 60% for the athletes and 1% for silence. The content analysis revealed that up to 24 topics were addressed in each session (often the athletes would “unload”) where certain issues had a more frequent word count. The analysis of the content and process revealed that the consultant follows an athlete-centered approach that corresponds to the consultant’s published perspective.
A case report of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) diagnosed with cardiac MR

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Cardiac MRI with contrast was performed for the patient on a 3Tesla platform.The CMR sequences of transverse black/bright blood images, vertical long axis, four-chamber, and short-axis cine images, left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT), right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) views along with three-chamber cine images, and early plus delayed gadolinium enhancement sequences were obtained.The imaging findings showed dilated right atrium, right ventricle, and RVOT with irregularity of both ventricular wall (predominantly on the right side) (Figure 1).The right ventricular wall was noted to have increased trabeculations with dyssynchronous motion of the wall.Indexed end diastolic volume of the right ventricle was 120cc and the right ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF) was measured to be 32%.The delayed gadolinium images depicted diffuse enhancement in the right ventricular wall and RVOT.Patchy mid myocardial enhancement was also noted in the left ventricular wall involving the lateral segments in the basal and mid cavities (Figure 2).Mild tricuspid regurgitation with a regurgitant fraction of 16% was also noted.Based on the CMR findings and features satisfying modified task force criteria, diagnosis of ARVC with biventricular involvement was made.
CHILDREN ARE IN ALICE’S WONDERLAND: IMPLICATIONS OF INTERNET USE ON PRESCHOOLERS

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The increasing prevalence of internet use among preschool-aged children brings forth important implications for their developmental domains. In cognitive development, the internet offers educational content that can stimulate learning and critical thinking; yet excessive screen time may hinder attention and language skills. Socially, online interactions provide opportunities for communication but may lack the nuances of face-to-face relationships, potentially affecting empathy and social cues. Emotionally, exposure to digital content can evoke varied responses, influencing emotional regulation and empathy development. Physically, prolonged screen time may lead to sedentary behavior and impact motor skills development. The study aims to discuss the contributions of internet use among preschoolers. By understanding the implications of internet use among preschoolers, caregivers can navigate digital landscapes effectively, promoting holistic development while safeguarding children's well-being.
Functional MRI study on two glioma cases involving Wernicke's area in auditory semantic judgment task

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Objective To explore the activation areas of the brain in auditory semantic judgment task of Chinese words with fMRI.Methods fMRI examinations with block-designed auditory semantic judgment task of Chinese words were per- formed in 15 healthy young subjects and 2 patients with glioma involving Wernicke areas.3.0T MR scanner was used to obtain functional images which were analyzed by AFNI.Results In 15 healthy young subjects,addition to bilateral cerebel- lum,during word semantic judgment task,activation areas including the bilateral inferior frontal areas,middle temporal gyrus,the superior temporal gyrus,the insula lobe,the supplementary motor areas,the left inferior parietal lobe,the left supramarginal gyrus,and the activated areas were mainly located in left hemisphere.The two cases of glioma patients'acti- vation mainly involve in the bilateral inferior frontal areas,middle frontal areas,middle temporal gyrus,the insula lobe,the supplementary motor areas,inferior parietal lobe,the right supramarginal gyrus,right superior temporal gyrus,right supe- rior temporal gyrus,and the perifocal areas.The activation areas in the right hemisphere were more than the contralateral hemisphere in patients.Conclusion In our two cases of glioma,the brain sites which were activated are mainly located in the right hemisphere.Comparing to the volunteer group,the patients show right hemisphere dominance.
Integrability and Novel Localized Solutions in the (2+1) Dimensional Generalized Sasa-Satsuma Equation

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In this Paper, we analyse the singularity structure aspects of the (2 + 1) dimensional generalized Sasa-Satsuma (GSS) equation and confirm its integrability. Using the results of the Painlevé analysis, we unearth a new class of localized coherent structures of the (2 + 1) dimensional GSS equation and study their interactions. The new class of solutions includes multiple conoidal periodic waves driven by doubly periodic Jacobian elliptic functions and multiple dromions. We have also explored the concept of fission and fusion of dromions in detail.
Absolute and Relative Change and Instability in Area, Production and Productivity of Chickpea in Different Agro-climatic Regions of Madhya Pradesh, India

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The present study analysed both absolute and relative changes across different agro-climatic zones during the study period from 1998–99 to 2022–23. The analysis was conducted separately for two Phases - Phase I (pre-NFSM) from 1998–99 to 2007–08 and Phase II (post-NFSM) from 2008–09 to 2022–23 along with an overall assessment of the entire period. Study reveals that the absolute change in chickpea area and production was significant increased occurred in the Nimar plains with an augmentation of 227.92 thousand hectares and 433.71 thousand hectares respectively. The absolute change in chickpea productivity across various agro-climatic zones of Madhya Pradesh has the maximum rise observed in the Kymore Plateau 6723.33 Kg/ha. Regarding productivity for the overall period, a general trend of stability was maintained across most zones from which Malwa Plateau (4.07%) displayed the most consistent productivity.
DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddg261 R145–R152 Genomic microarrays in human genetic disease and cancer

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Alterations in the genome that lead to changes in DNA sequence copy number are a characteristic of solid tumors and are found in association with developmental abnormalities and/or mental retardation. Comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) can be used to detect and map these changes. Recent improvements in the resolution and sensitivity of CGH have been possible through implementation of microarray-based CGH (array CGH). Here we discuss the performance characteristics of different array platforms and review some of the recent applications of array CGH in cancer and medical genetics.
Highly Conductive Deformation-Free Reduced Graphene Oxide Fibers : Towards High-Performance Wearable Supercapacitors

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Solution-processed graphene fiber has been introduced by a wet spinning process of liquid crystal (LC) graphene oxide because of its strong hydrogen bonding and self-assembled layered structures with nematic phases. Substantially, graphene oxide (GO) solidified with layered structures in a coagulation bath. The LC-spun GO fibers generally have highly stacked and layered structures and are uneven along the fiber axis. However, due to the insulating properties of GO fiber, a reduction process should be introduced for a practical approach. Following the chemical reduction process, the LC-spun GO fiber has abundant and irregular structural deformation on the core and shell in fiber due to significant volume shrinkage. It has poor electrical conductivity, low specific surface area, and weak mechanical properties for applying high-performance supercapacitors. Herein, we introduce deformation-free graphene fiber by extruding reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and GO hybridization. This is also used in the conventional wet spinning processes. The rGO-GO hybrid dope is a possible candidate for applying porous graphene fiber with high electrical conductivity, effective surface area, and proper mechanical strength. In addition, the rGO has high electrical conductivity with low defect sites. The fabrication method is based on modified Brodie method which generates quasi-defect-free reduced graphene oxide as introduced previous work. In particular, against LC-spun GO spinning, high-quality rGO-GO dope reveals that the rGO minimizes the self-assembly of GO and adjusts the imbibition ratio simultaneously for rapid dope solvent-coagulation exchange on extruding the graphene fiber. In addition, chemically stable rGO plays a role in a frame for supporting the fiber structure after the reduction process without the deformation of core and shell structures. Despite porous rGO-GO fiber, the significantly high circularity and effective porosity could enhance electrical conductivity (~654 S/cm, after drawing) and capacitance of supercapacitors. The graphene fiber can be applicable for wearable energy storage devices with high performance.
Sensing vibrations using quantum geometry of electrons

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We show that the coupling of phonons with electrons can have nontrivial consequences to the quantum geometry of an electronic structure, which manifests as oscillations in the Berry curvature dipole and hence have observable nonlinear Hall signatures. Using these, we introduce a vibrational spectroscopy based on the geometry of quantum electronic structure (GQuES) making specific predictions for the transport and radiative GQuES spectra of two-dimensional materials. The selection rule presented here for the GQuES activity of a phonon allows the measurement of acoustic and optic phonons spanning sub-GHz, THz, and infrared frequencies, and is readily generalized to other dynamical excitations. GQuES can be used even for materials having trivial quantum electronic geometry, such as hexagonal boron nitride, through a proximal interaction with substrates such as graphene.
Characterising the Tensile Properties of Short Polyethylene Fibre and Bioactive Glass Reinforced Silicone Composite Skin Simulants

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The present study proposes a novel silicone-based composite skin simulant to develop equivalent tensile properties and structures similar to the human scalp. The study utilised randomly distributed short polyethylene fibres and bioactive glass particles as reinforcements. The tensile properties of the composites reinforced with 1% and 3% filler weight concentrations were characterised. Experimental results highlighted that the short polyethylene fibres could maintain the tensile strength and enhance the elastic modulus of the silicone matrix up to 14% when integrating a 3% fibre weight fraction. Bioglass particles could also increase the stiffness of a silicone-based composite up to 5% when integrating a 3% particle concentration. The study has established that the proposed composite skin simulants are more suitable as a human scalp simulant than silicone elastomer.
The Numerical Analysis on Stability of Deep Roadway Support System

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The effect of the roadway with no supporting and roadway that was reinforcement by rock bolts and anchor robs, anchor rod combined bolting shoring, anchor rod combined anchor rope and lining timbering was simulated by using numerical simulation software FLAC3D. The results showed that the deformation of no supporting roadway is maximal, and the maximal position is vault. The displacement of top floor and two side decreases after supported, which can reinforce surrounding rock. The reinforcement effect of the anchor rod combined anchor rope and lining timbering is best.
Electroluminescence from isolated CdSe∕ZnS quantum dots in multilayered light-emitting diodes

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Electro- and photoluminescence spectra of the CdSe∕ZnS core-shell quantum dots (QDs) covered by various organic ligands and incorporated into multilayered light-emitting diodes (LEDs) were recorded by a confocal optical microscope. The QDs were dispersed in a hole transporting material, N,N’-Diphenyl-N,N’-bis(3-methylphenyl)-1,1’-biphenyl-4,4’-diamine (TPD), to investigate the LED performance at different QD concentrations and the effect of different surface modifications on the isolated QDs. No wavelength shift was observed in the electroluminescence spectra from the QD LEDs with or without the TPD. The peak energies of the electro- and photoluminescence showed only small spectral shifts (several nanometer) for the diluted QDs and no dependence on the QD-concentration, surface ligands, or conductive polymers that were used. This suggests that the relative peak shifts are related to the different filling processes in the CdSe QDs under photo excitation and electric injection, rather than to the “chemical” effects on the surface of the CdSe∕ZnS QDs.
Morphological and Pathogenic Variability among Rhizoctonia bataticola Isolates Associated with Soybean (Glycine max L.) from India

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Rhizoctonia bataticola is a serious pathogen of many crops. In the present studies, 40 isolates of Rhizoctonia bataticola from different agro climatic regions of India were analyzed for morphological and pathogenic variability. Regardless of their geographic origins, significant differences were detected among 40 isolates in their radial growth, sclerotial size, and shape as well as in pathogenicity. Thirty two isolates were rated as fast growing and the rest of the isolates as medium growing. Sixteen isolates were classified as large sized, 8 as small sized, and the remaining 16 isolates as medium sized on the basis of their sclerotial size. On the basis of disease expression, isolate Rb-29 (Kurundwad, Sangli) showed broad virulence range as it infected all the genotypes followed by isolate Rb-38 (Udaipur, Rajasthan) which infected eleven genotypes. No relationship was found among the morphological characters and pathogenicity of the isolates. These morphological and pathogenic variations in various isolates of R. bataticola may be considered important in disease management systems and will be useful in breeding programmes of soybean cultivars resistant to root rot.
Neurocognitive deficits in depression: A clue to underlying pathogenesis?

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Background: Depression is now recognised as not only a disturbance of mood, but also of movement and cognition. In spite of this, cognitive deficits in depressed patients have been poorly differentiated and frequently seen as an epiphenomenon of the disorder.Aims: To review the cognitive deficits reported in depression and the conceptual frameworks which have been utilised to further our understanding of these deficits in this disorder. Secondly, to review the assumption made in many studies that deficient neurocognitive function will reveal the nature of the defective neuroanatomical regions or pathways underlying psychiatric disorder in general and depression in particular.Method: A review of the literature was performed using Medline and Psylit earches, focussing particularly on methodologically rigorous studies of cognitive function in depression.Results: There is now mounting evidence to suggest that the cognitive deficits seen in depression occur independent of age; severity and subtype of depressio...