jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Flavonoids content of Dracaena cinnabari resin and effects of the aqueous extract on isolated smooth muscle preparations, perfused heart, blood pressure and diuresis in the rat.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Dracaena cinnabari, known as the dragon’s blood tree, has been used for long time in the Yamani and Arabian folk medicine for many claimed ailments. Chemical analysis of the resin of D. cinnabari resulted in the isolation of the five flavonoiud from the chloroform extract: 4,4’-dihydroxy-2’-methoxychalcone, 4,4’-dihydroxy-2-methoxydihydrochalcone, 7-hydroxy-3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzyl) chroman, 7-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxybenzyl) chroman, and 2’,4,4’-trihydroxychalcone; with the latter flavonoid being isolated for the first time from this species. The aqueous extract (AE) of the resin of D. cinnabari, in concentrations ranging from 10-4 to 0.03 mg/ml, caused concentration-dependent decrease of amplitude of the phasic contractions and relaxed the tone of the longitudinal segments of ileum and uterus, and urinary bladder rings. Bolus injection of AE
(10-4 – 0.03 mg) increased the contractility but had no significant effect on the beating rate of the isolated perfused heart of the rat; it also had a hypotensive effect in anesthetized rats when injected in i.v. doses from 0.04 – 12 mg/kg body weight. AE (800 and 1600 mg/kg) increased significantly the rate of urine excretion in conscious rats when administered orally. These observations indicate that resin AE of D. cinnabari has spasmolytic, inotropic, hypotensive and diuretic effects on rats. Furthermore, the observations were discussed in relation to the claimed uses of D. cinnabari resin in folk medicine.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Hydrogenation of Carboxylic Acids to Corresponding Aldehydes Catalyzed by Palladium Complexes in the Presence of Pivalic Anhydride.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy: Surgical Treatment

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Proliferative diabetic retinopathy remains one of the major indications for vitreoretinal surgery despite improvement in systemic disease control and pharmacologic and laser surgical options. Improvements in technology have defined clear indications and techniques for surgical treatment of proliferative diabetic retinopathy either by vitrectomy and laser surgery alone or in combination with pharmacologic treatment using anti-VEGF substances or anti-inflammatory agents. The indications and surgical principles are described.
On‐Farm and Off‐Farm Returns to Education among Farm Operators in Northern Ireland

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper estimates returns to education for a sample of farm operators in Northern Ireland. The analysis examines the relationship between education and on-farm and off-farm labour incomes. Human capital earnings functions are estimated to identify the marginal return to education measured as years of schooling as well as the qualification level attained. Extending to a structural model, the methodology controls for the endogeneity of education in the earnings function and potential selection bias associated with off-farm labour market participation. In off-farm employment, the analysis shows that returns to education are of the order of between 6% and 9% for each additional year of schooling. However, on-farm earnings were not found to be significantly related to years of education, although the analysis does identify a significant on-farm return to an agricultural qualification
Moving Beyond Statistical Significance in Reporting Consultation Outcome Research

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract A major factor limiting our knowledge base in consultation is the use of traditional or conventional methods for reporting consultation outcome research that rely mainly on group averages and statistical significance tests to evaluate the effects of consultation. This article provides researchers and practitioners with alternative methods for reporting consultation outcomes and provides recommendations for future practice. Three alternative methods are discussed and critically evaluated: (a) social validation, (b) single case experimental designs, and (c) reliable change indices. Advantages and disadvantages of each method are described and guidelines for researchers and practitioners are discussed.
Gobernabilidad en tiempos de minoría: Coaliciones, fragmentación y el poder legislativo en el Perú contemporáneo

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article analyzes the evolution of relations between the executive and legislative branches in Peru between 2001 and 2022 in a context marked by the low institutionalization of the party system, parliamentary fragmentation, and a presidential form of government with parliamentary features. Based on a qualitative-descriptive methodological strategy and the use of legislative and partisan indicators, three distinct stages were identified in that period: an initial stage of relative cooperation (2001-2011), a stage of growing presidential isolation (2011-2016) and a final stage of open confrontation between powers (2016-2022), characterized by governmental instability and various constitutional crises. The central hypothesis argues that the Peruvian presidential variant, together with the constant existence of minority governments and scarce democratic commitment on the part of key actors in both branches of government, generated conditions conducive to political deadlock and institutional weakening. The findings allow us to affirm that, although the formal rules were not significantly modified, the political system mutated towards a more conflictive model, in which Congress acquired a leading role, often obstructive, affecting democratic governance. This study contributes to the debate on the relationship between institutional design, the behavior of the main political actors, and democratic stability in fragmented presidential regimes, especially in the context of weak party institutionalization.
The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKt pathway in hepatocelluar carcinoma

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase/AKt(PI3K/AKt) signal transduction pathway is closely related to the occurrence,development of cancers.Several studies showed that PI3K/AKt signal transduction pathway is abnormal in hepatocelluar carcinoma.In this review,we briefly summarize the PI3K/AKt pathway's structure,intracellular signaling cascades and its role in hepatocelluar carcinoma.
Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH): Predictor of Follicular Function, Fertility Status and Onset of Menopause

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

AMH regulates folliculogenesis by inhibiting recruitment of follicles from the resting pool in order to select for the dominant follicle. In clinical practice its levels are measured in peripheral blood, mainly to assess ovarian and follicle functions and/or onset of menopause. Aim: Present study was undertaken to assess the viability of AMH in three age groups for the assessment of suspected infertility and onset of menopause, in selected cohorts for PCOs, non-PCOs and fertility evaluation in pregnant women. Materials and Methods: One hundred and sixty individuals, all females, N = 25 in each group with known history of ploycystic ovaries (PCOs) and matching controls; N = 20 each in groups classified according to age 18-35 yrs, 36-51 yrs and > 51 yrs and N = 25 each in two groups of married-non pregnant and pregnant (1st trimester) individuals were selected for this study of AMH assessment. AMH as well as FSH, LH, Estradiol and prolactin were also assessed for comparative purpose, and were analyzed on Cobas e411 integrated immunoassay system (Roche Diagnostic-Infinity Cobas-system, Basil). Results: AMH showed variable levels in 18-35 yrs, 36-51 yrs and above 51 yrs of females. Similarly AMH was also assessed during successful pregnancies in selected females with 1st trimester, and exhibited suggested levels of all hormones with significant difference in values. Selected cohorts for PCOs and non-PCOs showed moderate to high significant difference in values of AMH, FSH, LH, Procaltin and Estradiol. Conclusion: AMH determination in such variable groups of individuals and its related, documented outcome suggest strong predictive value for onset of menopause, PCOs and indication of pregnancies
CO-MOVEMENT AND SYNCHRONICITY OF BUSINESS AND FINANCIAL CYCLES IN ROMANIA AND OTHER EEMS

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper investigates the existence of a common movement between the financial cycle (proxied by the cyclical components of financial variables) and the real cycle in Romania and 3 other European emerging markets (Czech Republic, Hungary and Poland), and also the existence of common cycles across countries.The results, obtained through band-pass filtering, turning-point analysis, factor analysis and wavelet coherence, show that there is synchronicity between the economic and the financial cycle (especially if measured in terms of house prices and credit to households) in each country as well as a high level of uniqueness in explaining the variance of credit to non-financial corporations.Moreover, the analysis also reveals the existence of common cycles across countries for 10Y bond yield, stock and house prices, and also, with somewhat weaker communality, in economic activity.The study also illustrates that loan developments among the selected countries are to a larger extent driven by specific factors.
Perceived Needs for Dental Continuing Education within the Army Dental Care System

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Results of a worldwide survey examining the perceived needs for continuing education (CE) among Army general dentists and their supervisors are presented. Responses from 255 supervisors and 528 dentists were available for analysis. There was overall lack of agreement between supervisors and dentists concerning CE preferences; supervisors selected risk or clinic management topics and dentists chose patient care topics. Years of practice, practice location, and advanced general dentistry program participation strongly influenced dentists' perceived needs. Results suggest that in evaluating or planning for CE programs, differences in perceived needs between various groups within the dental care system must be considered.
Representations of Selected Aspects of Chemistry in Secondary School Chemistry Textbooks from Different Chinese Communities

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This thesis is composed of four studies. It focuses on representations of selected aspects of chemistry in secondary school chemistry textbooks from different Chinese Communities, namely from the Peoplea s Republic of China, Taiwan, and the Chinese minority in Malaysia. The first study looks at the representation of the intended curriculum in grade 10 chemistry textbooks, identifying similarities and differences concerning the curriculum orientation of the seven sets of textbooks (more detail in Chapter 3, Section 3.1). The first study finds different characteristics of the intended curriculum in different Chinese communities, even though the sample shares similar ethnics, language and cultural background. This outcome, in turn, inspires us to conduct another two parallel studies (Chapter 3, Section 3.2&3.3), such as redox reactions and practical work. Chapter 3, Section 3.2 introduces a study on the analysis of the visual representation of redox reactions in upper secondary chemistry textbooks from PR China, Taiwan and Malaysia. The study aims at displaying how chemistry textbooks deal with visual representations of redox reactions, and further exploring if the visualizations provide any indications of the intended curriculum orientation. Chapter 3, Section 3.3 is a brief look on how practical work is presented in grade 10 chemistry textbooks and corresponding experimental textbooks from PR China, Taiwan and the Chinese minority in Malaysia. Specific instruments are adapted to analyze the type of learning, intended learning outcomes, inquiry level, and studentsa involvement, to give a basic overview of features of practical work in transferring the intended curriculum. This study explores how practical work links two domains of knowledge from observables to ideas, and makes a contribution to the body of research of practical work in secondary school chemistry education through a Chinese perspective. During the conduction on the aforementioned study, new Upper Secondary School Chemistry Curriculum Standard was released in 2017 (USSCCS) in PR China. Because the official curriculum standard serves as the guideline for textbook design, the release of the new curriculum standard inspired us to explore the differences between the new Upper Secondary School Chemistry Curriculum Standard (2017 USSCCS) and the prior Upper Secondary School Chemistry Curriculum Standard (2003 USSCCS), which are both officially released by the Ministry of Education (see Chapter 3, Section 3.4). Generally, these results show that intended curricula delivered by Taiwanese textbooks take a high degree of contextualization, while textbooks from Malaysia use a rather traditional approach. Textbooks from the Peoplea s Republic of China lie somewhere between the textbooks from Taiwan and Malaysia. Chapter 3 gives more details about the general information (Section 3.1) and richer details related to redox reactions (Section 3.2) and practical work (Section 3.3) in corresponding textbooks.
Effects of Medicago varia Martin. 'Bromus inermis Leyss.' and mixture of the both on soil organic matter and available nutrients.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The plots were established on May 8,2003 at the experimental farm of Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities,Tongliao,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.The objective of this study was to determine the dynamics of soil organic matter,soil available nitrogen,and available potassium of Medicago varia Martyn.cv.Gannong No.1,Bromus inermis Leyss.,and mixture of M.varia and B.inermis stands during the subsequent years after the establishment.The results show that both soil organic matter and soil available potassium increased gradually in the three soil types with the development of time,and content of soil available nitrogen increased in 0~10 cm soil layer,but decreased in 10~30 cm soil layer.The accumulation of soil organic matter,available nitrogen,and available potassium was obviously influenced by the grassland types.Bromus inermis monoculture greatly increased soil organic matter and available potassium,while average content of soil available nitrogen was lowest,whereas,the mixture B.inermis and M.varia was more beneficial to the accumulation of soil available nitrogen.
Comparison between Pectoral Plane Block (PECS 1 and 2) and Patient Controlled Intravenous Analgesia after Breast Surgeries

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Breast cancer has continued to be the most common cancer among women, accounting for 31% of all new cancer cases in the female population. Every/ year, thousands of patients undergo surgery in the region of the breast and axilla. Surgery is one of the mainstays of treatment, and a procedure called modified radical mastectomy (MRM) is now a standard surgical treatment for early-stage breast cancers. Aim of the Work The primary aim of this study is to compare the efficacy of PECS 1,2 block versus PCA with iv morphine to provide prolonged post-operative analgesia. The secondary objective is to identify the side effects of both techniques as post-operative analgesic techniques, as well as intra-operative analgesia. Patients and Methods A randomized controlled Clinical trial in Ain Shams University Hospitals, Cairo, Egypt (EL Demrdash hospital and Combined operations) for 6 months carried out on women who undergo breast surgeries. Results The Results shows that the VAS score in the PECS group was highly significant lower at the 1st, 2nd and 4th hours postoperative, the time interval for the 1st dose of rescue analgesia was higher in PECS group, there was significant difference regarding heart rate and blood pressure between both groups at 1st, 2nd, 4th and 8th hours postoperative in favor for PECS group, regarding o2 saturation it was significant only after 1 hour postoperative, regarding nausea and vomiting there was significant difference in nausea in favor for PECS block while regarding vomiting it was non- significant, regarding sedation it didn’t occur in neither group so it was not applicable. Conclusion In modified radical mastectomy, PECS block is more effective than intravenous PCA in pain management postoperative, better effect on vital data like heart rate, blood pressure and o2 saturation, it also lowers the analgesic drugs consumption postoperative. Moreover, PECS block is more preferable method because it avoids the systemic side effect of morphine used for PCA like nausea and vomiting. PCA analgesic effect needs time to start its action.
[Blood reinfusion in penetrating gunshot wounds of the abdomen].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

On the basis of literature and their own experience in performing the reinfusion of bacteria-contaminated blood in 20 patients with gunshot penetrating abdominal injuries the authors make a conclusion that in critical cases there are no alternative to application of reinfusion. The article gives clinical examples and contains data concerning the character of lesions. Indications and counter-indications for reinfusion are enclosed.
Influence of heterogeneity, natural fracture, and bedding plane on fracture propagation in the vicinity of a borehole

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The majority of lost circulation events during drilling include drilling fluid losses through natural or drilling-induced fractures, but this problem can be prevented by understanding fracture propagation behavior. However, studies have mostly focused on the influence of natural fracture and bedding planes on hydraulic fracture propagation, and few studies have explored the fracture propagation in the vicinity of a borehole. Therefore, the present paper intends to simulate the fracture propagation in the vicinity of a borehole under the joint impact of heterogeneity, natural fracture, bedding planes, and borehole. The theoretical model of flow-rock failure process analysis2D was introduced, and the uniaxial compressive testing results of Longmaxi shale were obtained to verify the present model. Then, fracture propagation models in the vicinity of a borehole were proposed by considering heterogeneity, bedding planes, and natural fracture. Numerical findings were analyzed and discussed. Results indicated that heterogeneity, bedding planes, and natural fracture significantly influenced fracture propagation in the vicinity of the borehole. As such, this influence should be considered in the analysis and treatment of lost circulation. This study could help elucidate how lost circulation could be prevented during drilling in fractured formations.
Customization of UG NX Software in Taiyuan Heavy Industry

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The paper makes essential additional development of NX software on function based on the design custom of Taiyuan Heavy industry(TZ),and Gives a unification setting on the model and setting.It also refreshs and extends the common Features library,reuse library,(include hydraulic and electricity)and so on,The using regulation accord with TZ standards are compiled and a coordinated design platform for mechanical,hydraulic,electrical and the like department of TZ is builded.
At the crossroads between adoption and in vitro fertilisation, the destination of parenthood

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

New ways of avoiding infertility are being discovered through technological developments in the medical field, but even so the risks and associated implications (scientific and ethical) exist. Birth defects, medical problems, procedure failure, obscure long-term effects (unstudied and not yet discovered) and legal issues are just some of them. An alternative that offers opportunities to couples who want children is adoption. Although this process is not without risks either, and in some cases the road to success can be quite arduous, it involves placing the adopted child in the new family as a real offspring, rather than as a family seeking to compensate for infertility with a child who becomes a kind of 'family implant'. Looking at the bigger picture, there are solutions for children who don't have a family as well as those who want to be parents. However, great care must be taken when making decisions, especially when a human life is at stake. There are no guarantees.
Effect of the first and second postpartum partial milking on blood serum calcium concentration in dairy cows

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Parturient paresis and subclinical hypocalcemia are frequent metabolic disorders in dairy cows postpartum. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of postpartum partial milking in the first two milkings on blood serum calcium concentration in dairy cows. Twenty multiparous Holstein dairy cows were randomized into two groups. Cows of group 1 (n = 10) were partially milked at the first and second milking postpartum. Cows of group 2 (n = 10) were completely milked. Blood samples were collected from all animals 5-7 days before calving, within 30 min after calving, and 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, and 32 h after calving for determination of serum calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), and magnesium (Mg) concentrations. Colostrum production was registered and sampled in the first and second milking. Concentration of Ca in colostrum was determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Serum Ca and P concentrations decreased in both groups after parturition (P < 0.05) and remained low during 32 h postpartum with no difference observed between groups (P > 0.05). Serum concentrations of Mg were stable in all samples and no statistical difference was observed between groups (P > 0.05). Colostrum production was higher in completely milked cows only in the first postpartum milking (P < 0.05), but there was no difference between groups at the second milking. Total Ca secretion in colostrum was higher in the complete milking group at the first and second postpartum milking. Colostrum Ca secretion increased at the second milking with respect to the first one in both groups (P < 0.05). There was no correlation between serum Ca and colostrum Ca (P > 0.05). In this study, the partial milking of colostrum in the first and second milking postpartum did not prevent subclinical hypocalcemia in dairy cows.
Assessing the ecological risk of substituted benzenes in Huaihe River, China

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Concentrations of 13 substituted benzenes, atrazine and acetochlor in water, sediment, field caught Grass carps were measured and the bioaccumulation factor (BAF) and biota sediment accumulation factors (BSAF) were calculated. The triolein filled semipermeable membrane device was deployed in situ at the same sampling period and there were good correlations between concentrations of target contaminants in SPMD and those in fish lipid or sediment organic carbon. Therefore it was recommended to use SPMD to derive the triolein sediment accumulation factors (TSAF) as a surrogate for fish to derive the BSAF in the ecological and health risk assessment of sediment associated organic pollutants. Among chemicals analyzed, 2,4 dinitrobenzene, hexachlorobenzene, as well as atrazine were found were the major pollutants and Bengbu had the most ecological and health risks of organic pollution among 4 sampling locations.