jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A comprehensive study of non-destructive localization of structural features in metal plates using single and multimodal Lamb wave excitations

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Metal plate structures, crucial components in various industrial sectors, demand meticulous inspection methods for the maintenance of their structural integrity. This review article not only serves as a contemporary introduction to this research field but also underlines the vital role of this field in ensuring the safety and reliability of these structures. The study delves into Lamb wave generation and detection techniques, highlighting the challenges and advancements in transducer technologies. Two detailed case studies are presented to contextualize and illustrate the practical applications of these techniques. The first case study demonstrates the detection of weld joints and stiffeners in steel plates, particularly relevant to the shipbuilding industry. Through a combination of numerical simulations and experimental validations designed for this narrative, this study highlights the capability of the A0 Lamb wave mode in identifying these features. The second case study, equally supported by new experiments, focuses on detecting thickness reductions in aluminum plates using high-order Lamb modes in a multimodal excitation setup. This scenario simulates conditions such as corrosion or wear that induce material thinning. By creating blind holes of varying depths on one side of the plate and conducting inspections from the opposite side, the study demonstrates the method’s precision in identifying hidden defects. The case studies involving aluminum and steel specimens exemplify the efficacy of Lamb waves in the nondestructive evaluation of metal plates. They provide critical insights into the method’s ability to deliver precise and efficient detection of structural anomalies despite inherent challenges in signal interpretation and analysis.
Stimulation of maltose excretion by phosphate in the endocytobioticChlorellasp. ofParamecium bursaria

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

(1991). Stimulation of maltose excretion by phosphate in the endocytobiotic Chlorella sp. of Paramecium bursaria. SIL Proceedings, 1922-2010: Vol. 24, No. 4, pp. 2665-2667.
Thyrotoxic Hepatitis In A Patient With Subacute Thyroiditis: A Case Report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Subacute granulomatous thyroiditis (DeQuervain's disease) is a self-limiting inflammatory disease which is often diagnosed in the ”temporary thyrotoxicosis period" during the initial phases of the desease. Liver enzyme abnormalities can be seen in the course of thyrotoxicosis. The definition of "thyrotoxic hepatitis" is used to describe the elevation of liver enzymes after excluding other causes. In this case report, a female patient who developed thyrotoxic hepatitis in the course of her subacute thyroiditis, is reported to remind the importance of evaluating liver functions in the follow-up of subacute thyroiditis.
Reduction and Proportions of the Plastic Zone

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

As described in connection with eq. 4-24, the deformations imposed on a material in a general complex deformation condition can be described uniquely by the specification of the numerical values of six different strain components. An alternative simpler approach is to quantify deformations by means of the effective strain value; see eq. 4-38. This strain parameter can be considered the “resultant” strain that takes into account the effect of all different strain components.
An anti-infection and biodegradable TFRD-loaded porous scaffold promotes bone regeneration in segmental bone defects: experimental studies

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Addressing segmental bone defects remains a complex task in orthopedics, and recent advancements have led to the development of novel drugs to enhance the bone regeneration. However, long-term oral administration can lead to malnutrition and poor patient compliance. Scaffolds loaded with medication are extensively employed to facilitate the restoration of bone defects. Methods: Inspired by the local application of total flavonoids of Rhizoma Drynariae (TFRD) in the treatment of fracture, a novel 3D-printed HA/CMCS/PDA/TFRD scaffold with anti-infection, biodegradable and induced angiogenesis was designed, and to explore its preclinical value in segmental bone defect of tibia. Results: The scaffold exhibited good degradation and drug release performance. In vitro, the scaffold extract promoted osteogenesis by enhancing bone-related gene/protein expression and mineral deposition in BMSCs. It also stimulated endothelial cell migration and promoted angiogenesis through the upregulation of specific genes and proteins associated with cell migration and tube formation. This may be attributed to the activation of the PI3k/AKT/HIF-1α pathway, facilitating the processes of osteogenesis and angiogenesis. Furthermore, the HA/CMCS/PDA/TFRD scaffold was demonstrated to alleviate infection, enhance angiogenesis, promote bone regeneration, and increase the maximum failure force of new formed bone in a rat model of segmental bone defects. Conclusion: Porous scaffolds loaded with TFRD can reduce infection, be biodegradable, and induce angiogenesis, presenting a novel approach for addressing tibial segmental bone defects.
Prevalence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profile of Salmonella and Shigella among Diarrheic Patients Attending Selected Health Facilities in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Diarrhea is one of the important public health problems in developing countries. Salmonella and Shigella species are the major bacterial causal agents of diarrhea. The increasing burden of antimicrobial resistance is posing difficulty in the treatment of these pathogens. This study aimed to assess the occurrence of Salmonella and Shigella in the feces of diarrheic patients receiving health services in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, and to determine their antimicrobial susceptibility profile. A cross-sectional study involving 13 health centers was conducted where 428 diarrheic patients were recruited. Standard microbiology techniques were used to isolate Salmonella and Shigella from stool samples. In addition, Salmonella isolates were confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method was employed to assess susceptibility to 11 antimicrobials for each of the Salmonella and Shigella isolates. The prevalence of Salmonella and Shigella spp. among diarrheic patients was 8.4%; n = 36 and 5.6%; n = 24, respectively. Thirty (83.3%) of Salmonella isolates were susceptible to all antimicrobials tested, whereas 4 (10.8%) of isolates were resistant to 2 or more antimicrobials and 2 (5.6%) were multidrug resistant. Resistance to ampicillin was recorded in only one (2.7%) of Salmonella isolates; however, resistance to ampicillin was recorded in 12 (50%) of the Shigella isolates. Half of the Shigella isolates (n = 12) were resistant to 2 or more antimicrobials while 5 (20.8%) of them were resistant to 3 or more antimicrobials. The overall rate of resistance to antimicrobials was more common in Shigella compared to Salmonella isolates. In conclusion, Salmonella and Shigella were isolated from the feces of diarrheic patients, with a higher rate of antimicrobial resistance in Shigella isolates, which could make the treatment of shigellosis challenging. Therefore, increasing hygienic practices during food preparation to reduce the burden of Salmonella and Shigella infection and prudent use of antimicrobials are recommended to limit the spread of antimicrobial resistant strains.
Research Article Crossing Fibers Detection with an Analytical High Order Tensor Decomposition

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Copyright © 2014 T. Megherbi et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) is the only technique to probe in vivo and noninvasively the fiber structure of human brain white matter. Detecting the crossing of neuronal fibers remains an exciting challenge with an important impact in tractography. In this work, we tackle this challenging problem and propose an original and efficient technique to extract all crossing fibers from diffusion signals. To this end, we start by estimating, from the dMRI signal, the so-called Cartesian tensor fiber orientation distribution (CT-FOD) function, whose maxima correspond exactly to the orientations of the fibers. The fourth order symmetric positive definite tensor that represents the CT-FOD is then analytically decomposed via the application of a new theoretical approach and this decomposition is used to accurately extract all the fibers orientations. Our proposed high order tensor decomposition based approach is minimal and allows recovering the whole crossing fibers without any a priori information on the total number of fibers. Various experiments performed on noisy synthetic data, on phantom diffusion, data and on human brain data validate our approach and clearly demonstrate that it is efficient, robust to noise and performs favorably in terms of angular resolution and accuracy when compared to some classical and state-of-the-art approaches. 1.
Celebrity chefs, taste, lifestyle, cookbooks and TV: themes emerging from a review of the literature

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Food is an essential part of our lives and is clearly more than simply a physiological requirement As such, the study of food is a useful means to help us understand important social and cultural factors that influence the way we live our lives. Taste is intrinsically linked to food, both from a gustatory aspect as well as from an aesthetic perspective. Aesthetically, taste can serve as a social discriminator because it implies notions of choice. Within this arena, the celebrity chef has become an important part of contemporary British society as an arbitrator in transmitting concepts of taste and distinction through television and other media. The celebrity chef is now a modern cultural figure that embodies notions of contemporary shifts in attitudes towards cooking, ethics, consumption, culinary taste, gender and cultural capital. This work in progress will seek to determine currently under-examined links between the construction of taste and celebrity chefs.

An extensive literature review has considered the sociological aspects of the construction of taste. The structuralist approach suggests that taste is socially and culturally constructed. A materialist approach argues that taste is connected to external influences such as economic and political changes, whilst post-modernist thinking posits that individual identity is central to the construction of taste. The proposed methodology is qualitative content analysis through the scrutiny of chosen television shows and associated cookbooks. It is anticipated that the data will be coded and examined through discourse analysis. The conclusions may suggest that the chefs have some influence in conveying messages of public health, lifestyle and food choices through their television shows, cookbooks and internet presence and therefore may be players within a wider sociological phenomenon.
The Catalan definitive article as lexical sharing

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This paper argues for the claim that the definite article (d-article) in Catalan is a bound morpheme that adds its information about grammatical category to that of the host it forms a compound with. In this way, the derived compound satisfies two X0 categories in the c-structure, in an instance of lexical sharing (Wescoat 2002). The present proposal is shown to be superior to alternatives that, while assuming bound morpheme status for the d-article, assume a single category for the word that contains the d- article (as in Miller 1992 for French). The crucial evidence is provided by potentially boundless sequences in which the d-article and weak preposi- tions are adjacent to each other. Only a theory that recognizes the status of these elements as bound morphemes that add a grammatical category to the word they are part of correctly accounts for the relevant evidence.
Growth, Reproductive Condition, and Digestive Tubule Atrophy of Pacific OysterCrassostrea gigasin Gamakman Bay off the Southern Coast of Korea

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Spat of Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas) were collected from Gamakman Bay, Korea, and raised in a spat hardening facility located in the low intertidal zone of the bay for a "hardening/stunting" period of 10 mo. Seasonal changes in growth, reproductive condition, and digestive tubule atrophy (DTA) of these "hardened/stunted" oysters were monitored for more than a year after transplanting to a suspended longline system in a grow-out area in the bay. After transplantation, the hardened/stunted oysters showed a logarithmic increase in shell size for the first 4 mo, from June to October, and growth remained stable from late fall to early spring. During the 12 mo of the grow-out, the shell size of the hardened/stunted oysters increased from 15.4–74.2 mm, and tissue weight increased from 0.49–12.85 g. Histological analysis revealed that gametogenesis of hardened/stunted oysters commenced as early as February when water temperature remained at 10°C, and spawning occurred from July to September when water temperature reached 25–27°C. DTA assessed from histological analysis was higher from September to February, when the chlorophyll a level in the bay was lower. These data suggest that seasonal fluctuations in water temperature and food availability in the water column are the 2 main environmental parameters governing reproduction and growth of oyster in Gamakman Bay, and DTA could be a useful biomarker for monitoring the nutritional condition of oysters.
Uncertainty-Incorporated Arctic Sea Ice Concentration Estimation Using Heteroscedastic Bayesian Neural Networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents an investigation into the use of a heteroscedastic Bayesian neural network (HBNN) for predicting sea ice concentration (SIC) using both passive microwave (PM) and atmospheric data. The primary objective is to provide accurate estimates for downstream services that require uncertainty estimates. To achieve this, HBNNs are implemented using a multilayer perceptron (MLP) architecture with methods for uncertainty quantification based on the Bayes by backprop (BBB) algorithm and a heteroscedastic loss function. The models are trained and tested using data collected from the Eastern Arctic regions. The results of numerical analysis demonstrate that the HBNNs are able to significantly reduce estimation error compared to deterministic NNs. The study also investigates the spatial and seasonal variation of uncertainty in detail.
Perusing the Past to Propel the Future: A Systematic Review of STEM Learning Activity Based on Activity Theory

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Education is the road to sustainability, creating the appropriate environment for learners to socialize and acquire knowledge and skills for the 21st century. This study reviews 53 studies on Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) learning activities from 2011 to 2020. In the past last 10 years, STEM education has gained attention, and little is known about how researchers designed and implemented learning activities. This systematic review based on activity theory reveals that STEM learning activities mostly involved elementary students in all STEM disciplines, with a sample size from 1 to 50. STEM learning activities emphasize mixed tasks, evaluating mixed learning outcomes with three STEM disciplines. Researchers mostly preferred project-based learning and problem-based learning methods, lasting from 9 to 24 weeks under teacher guidance with no rewards. This study revealed that most STEM activities were implemented in the classroom. Finally, the most often-used tools were mixed hardware. The quiz is the most often utilized in STEM activity. Major understudied areas that can be investigated by future studies are also revealed in depth. The results and implications for future studies are also discussed in detail.
Salient Object Detection with Bayesian Inference Based on Radar and Camera Fusion Used in UAV Obstacle Avoidance

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Most existing salient object detection methods are sensitive to background noise and rely on prior information in UAV obstacle avoidance applications despite detection methods witnessing rapid progress. In this paper, we propose an efficient framework for salient object detection based on radar-camera fusion and iterative Bayesian optimization. A rough salient object (RSO) image is first built through radar and camera calibration. Next, the RSO image is used to calculate the edge response based on the receptive field mechanism of the primary visual cortex to construct the contour image. Finally, the above two images and the 2D Gaussian distribution are jointly integrated into an iterative Bayesian optimization scheme to get the final salient object image. Different from typical detection methods, this method suppresses background noise by filtering out irrelevant pixels using fusion information. The Bayesian inference framework's detection performance is improved by precise spatial prior, consisting of optimized contour and RSO images. Experimental results indicate that the presented algorithm performs well against state-of-the-art salient object detection methods on several reference datasets in different evaluation metrics.
Adjuvant chemotherapy and radiation therapy in the first trimester of a pregnant woman with breast cancer: A case report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Breast cancer is the second most common malignancy in pregnant women. Overall, the possibility of breast cancer during pregnancy is increasing due to a trend for women to delay childbearing. Despite the growing number of women with breast cancer during pregnancy, few case reports describe chemotherapy during pregnancy. Chemotherapy during the first trimester increases the risk of spontaneous abortion, fetal death, and major malformations with birth defects. However, the risk of chemotherapy for the fetus seems relatively low when administered in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy.
Decisions on life and death: FOXO Forkhead transcription factors are in command when PKB/Akt is off duty

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Forkhead transcription factors of the FOXO family are important downstream targets of protein kinase B (PKB)/Akt, a kinase shown to play a decisive role in cell proliferation and cell survival. Direct phosphorylation by PKB/Akt inhibits transcriptional activation by FOXO factors, causing their displacement from the nucleus into the cytoplasm. Work from recent years has shown that this family of transcription factors regulates the expression of a number of genes that are crucial for the proliferative status of a cell, as well as a number of genes involved in programmed cell death. As such, these transcription factors appear to play an essential role in many of the effects of PKB/Akt on cell proliferation and survival. Indeed, in cells of the hematopoietic system, mere activation of a FOXO factor is sufficient to activate a variety of proapoptotic genes and to trigger apoptosis. In contrast, in most other cell types, activation of FOXO blocks cellular proliferation and drives cells into a quiescent state. In such cell types, FOXO factors also provide the protective mechanisms that are required to adapt to the altered metabolic state of quiescent cells. Thus, as PKB/Akt signaling is switched off, FOXO factors take over to determine the fate of a cell, long-term survival in a quiescent state, or programmed cell death. This review summarizes our current understanding of the mechanisms by which PKB/Akt and FOXO factors regulate these decisions.
The coordination capacity of preschoolers with general speech underdevelopment by means of adaptive physical culture

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

координационные способности лежат в основе бытовых, двигательных навыков и умений дошкольников, поэтому особое значение их развития приобретает для детей с речевой патологией. На сегодняшнее время не изучена динамика развития координационных способностей под воздействием специальных упражнений у дошкольников данной категории. В работе были использованы методы исследования: анализ литературных источников; педагогическое наблюдение; тестирование состояния двигательной сферы; педагогический эксперимент; методы математической статистики. В результате исследования практически доказано, что под воздействием методики произошло значительное улучшение изучаемых показателей, отражающих уровень развития различных видов координационных способностей, мелкой моторики и функционального резерва организма.
Exploring motivations for volunteers in nature conservation to inform local policies

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Nature conservation at a local level is characterised by high involvement from volunteers. Meanwhile, the recognition of their potential and capability to use local knowledge to inform nature conservation policies and actions is lacking. In this paper we explore their motivations for participation in nature conservation activities and compare these against the goals of policy initiatives that support local projects. Using four case studies, we apply a neo-endogenous development framework and the principles of sustainable development (SD) to demonstrate the capabilities for local communities to manage their natural resources. The study suggests that a better understanding of the motivations of volunteers in nature conservation and the creation of opportunities for them to participate in local policy making would positively influence local planing policies.
Identity, Authentication and Authorization in Forestry 4.0 Using OAuth 2.0

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The Internet of Things (IoT), one of the widely discussed topics in the context of Industry 4.0, denotes a novel communication network founded on several federated Internet technologies. In this virtual space, diverse Things are interconnected to enable service and information identification as well as exchange between stakeholders. In forestry, the application of the IoT deduces Forestry 4.0, which aims to digitalize a variety of value-added chains and mapped processes. Nevertheless, with an increasingly growing number of Things in the IoT, the challenge of ensuring the confidentiality, integrity, and availability (CIA rules) of communication becomes inevitable. A general approach to cover these aspects incorporates, among others, the use of authentication and authorization processes. Hence, this paper proposes an authentication and authorization approach using OAuth 2.0, designed explicitly for so-called Forestry 4.0 Things, connected over an IoT infrastructure termed the Smart Systems Service Infrastructure (S3I).