jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Three-watt thermoelectric generator. Final report jul 72-jun 73. [Catalytic propane burner]

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

The Three Watt Thermoelectric Generator is a variable power supply capable of producing one to three watts of conditioned power. It consists of a catalytic propane burner, a bismuth telluride thermoelectric module, heat rejection system, fuel system, and the power conditioning system. A development model was first fabricated to experimentally evaluate design variations. The prototype unit was then constructed to the preferred configuration. Performance tests were conducted at -20 F, room ambient temperature, and +125 F. Protective circuitry tests were also conducted. The program objectives were achieved except for efficiency and time to operational power. Methods for improving the efficiency are discussed in the report. Time to operational power can be shortened by techniques discussed, but it is not a limiting factor since the load requirements can be satisfied by the system battery in the interim period.
Report on the practice based culminating experience as teaching assistant for "Pathology and Public Health" class taught at University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objectives. The objectives of this report were to describe current best standards in online education, class competencies, class objectives, class activities and to compare the class competencies, objectives and activities undertaken with the current best practices in online teaching and to provide a list of recommendations based on the most efficacious practices. Methods. Utilizing the key words- online teaching, national standards, quality, online courses, I: (1) conducted a search on Google to find the best standard for quality online courses; the search yielded National Standards for Quality Online Teaching as the gold standard in online course quality; (2) specified class objectives and competencies as well as major activities undertaken as a part of the class. Utilizing the Southern Regional Education Board evaluation checklist for online courses, I: (1) performed an analysis comparing the class activities, objectives, and competencies with the current best standards; (2) utilized the information obtained from the analysis and class experiences to develop recommendations for the most efficacious online teaching practices. Results. The class met the criteria set by the Southern Regional Education Board for evaluating online classes completely in 75%, partially in 16% and did not meet the criteria in 9% cases. The majority of the parameters in which the class did not meet the standards (4 of 5) were due to technological reasons beyond the scope of the class instructor, teaching assistant and instructional design. Discussion. Successful online teaching requires awareness of technology, good communication, methods, collaboration, reflection and flexibility. Creation of an online community, engaging online learners and utilizing different learning styles and assessment methods promote learning. My report proposes that online teaching should actively engage the students and teachers with multiple interactive strategies as evidenced from current best standards of online education and my “hands-on” work experience. Conclusion. The report and the ideas presented are intended to create a foundation for efficacious practice on the online teaching platform. By following many of the efficacious online practices described in the report and adding from their own experiences, online instructors and teaching assistants can contribute to effective online learning.
Abstract 1550: Epigenetic downregulation and growth inhibition of IGFBP7 in gastric cancer

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 7 (IGFBP7) has been found to be a tumor suppressor in several human cancers, but the role of IGFBP7 in gastric cancer has not yet been fully investigated. In this study, we examined the epigenetic downregulation of IGFBP7 expression in gastric cancer. Analysis by qRT-PCR, western blot, and methylation specific-PCR revealed that DNA methylation was inversely correlated with IGFBP7 expression, and the expression of IGFBP7 was restored after treatment with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine. Immunohistochemistry showed that IGFBP7 expression was downregulated in 47.5% of advanced gastric cancer patients. Univariate and multivariate analysis showed that IGFBP7 expression and tumor stage were independent prognostic factors. In cell culture, IGFBP7 knockdown increased gastric cancer cell growth, invasion, and migration, whereas IGFBP7 overexpression in gastric cancer cells showed cell growth inhibition and apoptosis. Our data suggest that IGFBP7 functions as a tumor suppressor in gastric cancer via an epigenetic pathway. Citation Format: Jin Kim, Min A Kim, Sun-Ju Byeon, Woo Ho Kim. Epigenetic downregulation and growth inhibition of IGFBP7 in gastric cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1550. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-1550
[The long-associative pathway of the white matter: modern view from the perspective of neuroscience].

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

This review presents basic information about white matter tracts of the human brain, with a special emphasis being placed on long associative fibers (superior and inferior longitudinal fascicles, inferior frontooccipital fascicles, fasciculus arcuatus and fasciclus uncinatus): their structure, history, functions, methods of preoperative and intraoperative identification during neurosurgical operations. Neurological symptoms caused by a damage to each of the above-described long associative fiber are described. There is a detailed analysis of methods of neuropsychological testing and neurophysiological identification in white matter fiber tract mapping in focal brain lesions.
Effect Soil fertility assessment of Hanumante sub-watershed at Suryabinayak municipality of Bhaktapur district

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Soil fertility assessment is critical for enhancing land productivity and ensuring sustainability of agricultural systems. An evaluation at the sub-watershed scale is lacking in Nepal. This research was carried out to assess the soil fertility status of Hanumante sub-watershed at Suryabinayak municipality of Bhaktapur district in June 2024 prior to the onset of the monsoon rain. A total of 30 composite soil samples were collected from the study area, representing two altitudinal land types (upland and lowland). These samples were collected from the field of 30 local farmers to assess soil fertility in conjunction with the household survey to understand their fertility management practices. Data was analyzed in SPSS using descriptive statistics and cross-tabulation between the soil fertility and fertility management practices. Findings revealed that predominant soil textural class in the sub-watershed was silty loam (70%), soil pH was moderately acidic (average pH 5.75), soil OM and total N were at 'medium' levels with average contents of 3.44% and 0.18%, available P and K were at 'high' and 'very high' levels with average of 348 kg/ha and 363 kg/ha and soil Ca and Mg were also at 'high' levels with average contents of 14,683 ppm and 1,189 ppm, respectively. Farmer-reported crop yields were relatively high in the lowland areas. However, the yields of maize and rice, as observed by farmers, declined by 50% in the last 10 years across both lowland and upland areas. Correlation analysis using a linear regression model showed no significant relationship (p < 0.05) between soil nutrients and farmer-reported crop yields. Most farmers have consistently used the same quantities of inorganic fertilizers for years with limited soil fertility management knowledge. These findings help farmers understand and make site-specific precision fertilizer management and support stakeholders in formulating effective strategies for ensuring soil health and sustainable soil fertility management in the study area.
Treatment of carotid stenosis: surgery and stent in comparison

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Carotid stenosis in the extracranial tract determines 10–15% of all ischaemic strokes. The aim of treatment, therefore, is to prevent major neurological events. Carotid endarterectomy surgery has proved effective in this regard, with various randomized studies that have demonstrated its validity in both symptomatic and asymptomatic patients. As an alternative, since the late 1990s, the endovascular treatment of carotid stenosis by stenting has gradually established itself. Numerous controlled clinical trials have compared surgery and carotid stenting in terms of perioperative outcomes (death, stroke, and myocardial infarction within 30 days of the procedure) and stroke prevention ipsilateral to the lesion treated during follow-up, evaluating both symptomatic and asymptomatic patients. From the systematic review of the data, it is legitimate to state that stenting may represent a safe alternative to conventional surgery in patients with symptomatic carotid stenosis under the age of 70, while endarterectomy is clearly safer and more effective than endovascular treatment for symptomatic older patients. On the other hand, as regards asymptomatic patients, the available evidence is limited and further data are needed to compare the two methods and to compare them with the best current medical therapy in order to draw conclusions.
The experience of identity transformation process for people living with tetraplegia and paraplegia

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

A spinal cord injury (SCI) is perceived as a source of biographical disruption, not only at a physical level but also in terms of people’s life stories, their motivation and their self-esteem. The aim of this study is to explore the factors that people with spinal cord injuries perceive as contributing to rebuilding their sense of self. Two focus groups were established from the SCI community, one of which was made up of 14 people with paraplegia and the other of 9 people with tetraplegia. In addition, four individual interviews were conducted with the participants. The results of content analysis show that the two most prominent factors in the process of identity renegotiation are the partial transformation of the subject’s identity followed by a coming to terms with that new identity. To rebuild self-worth, the importance of finding a balance between change and continuity was identified. Renegotiation of identity after a spinal cord injury is a complex phenomenon that greatly influences the SCI individual’s quality of life perceptions. Reaching a balance between the changes experienced due to the injury and finding a sense of continuity can be either facilitated or obstructed by the economic, political, legal, architectural, and social context.
Therapeutic anticoagulation

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Low molecular weight heparins (LMWH) have largely replaced unfractionated heparin. Their much more predictable anticoagulant response combined with high bioavailability after subcutaneous injection means that the dose can be calculated by body weight and given subcutaneously without any monitoring or dose adjustment. Their widespread use resulted in most patients with deep vein thrombosis being managed as outpatients, and this is also increasingly the case for uncomplicated pulmonary embolism....
Transfusion Requirements after HLA-Identical MarrowTransplantation in 82 Patients with Aplastic Anemia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Red blood cell (RBC) and platelet (PLT) transfusion requirements during the first 13 weeks after HLA-identical marrow transplantation were studied in 82 patients with aplastic anemia. On the average, patients were given 9 units of RBCs (1-82) and 44 units of PLTS (6-468). The greatest need for support was during the first 4 weeks postgrafting. A multivariate statistical analysis of 22 variables showed that RBC and PLT requirements increased with age. In addition, RBC requirements increased if the patient had isohemagglutinins against the marrow donor’s RBC, i. e., if the marrow transplant was across a major ABO barrier.
Pharmacologic heart failure treatment: A case-based review of current guidelines

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Heart failure (HF) is a growing health problem associated with high morbidity and mortality. Use of evidence-based therapies improves clinical outcomes in patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). However, in real-world research studies, adults with HFrEF were often medically undermanaged, including failure to use the right medications and failure to up titrate core HF therapies to doses similar to those used in randomized controlled trials. Although guidelines provide best-practice statements about care management, nurse practitioners and physician assistants (NPs and PAs) and clinical nurses often have questions about how to implement guideline-directed therapies in patient care management. With emerging new medications for managing HFrEF, and the possibility of new medications for patients with HF with preserved ejection fraction, complexity of care management will continue to increase. The aims of this review are to provide a summary of the 2017 updates to the national chronic HF management guidelines and use a case-based approach to discuss treatment change considerations associated with optimal guideline-based clinical care.
Flow Cytometric Characteristics of CD34+ Cells in Refractory Anemia: Their Diagnostic Value.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract (INTRODUCTION) The diagnosis of refractory anemia (RA), a subtype of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), is often problematic because RA often does not show cytogenetic abnormalities and dysplastic hematopoietic cells are not specific to MDS. Recent studies have suggested that the abnormalities of hematopoietic cells detected by flow cytometry (FCM) might be useful for MDS diagnosis. However, this concept has not yet been widely accepted. We reported that MDS blasts often show aberrant antigen expression. In this study, we examined the diagnostic utility of the flow cytometric characteristics of CD34+ cells in RA. (METHODS) Whole bone marrow cells obtained from RA patients and controls (e.g., cytopenic individuals other than RA and other malignancies) were analyzed using four-color FCM. The cells were stained with CD45 and CD34, for gating CD34+ B-cell precursors (hematogones) and CD34+ myeloblasts, in combination with various other antibodies. We determined percentages of hematogones and CD34+ myeloblasts and relative mean florescence intensity (RMFI: MFI of each antigen staining ÷ MFI of isotype-matched negative control staining) of various antigens on CD34+ myeloblasts. (RESULTS) From the data on 50 control subjects in the first subject cohort, we determined the reference range (RR) for each flow cytometric parameter. We scored data on each subject by giving 1 point to each of 10 parameters if the data of such parameters were outside RRs. These 10 parameters, which were adopted after comparing data from control and RA subjects in the first cohort, were percentages of hematogones and CD34+ myeloblasts and RMFI of CD4, CD56, CD11b, CD13, CD15, CD33, CD117 and CD133. In the first cohort, scores of all control subjects were less than 3 (40 subjects had a score of 0) and scores of 7/12 RA patients were 3 or higher. Using the same parameters and same RRs, we then prospectively analyzed the second subject cohort. Again, this approach identified 8/13 RA patients (score 3 or higher) with 100% specificity. The degree of dysplasia and presence or absence of cytogenetic abberations were not related to RA identification. (CONCLUSION) Our method is reproducible and helpful in RA diagnosis.
TREATMENT OF MALIGNANT PLEURAL EFFUSIONS BY TALC POUDRAGE

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The operation of talc poudrage here described is designed to stop persistent pleural effusions in cases of incurable cancer. The incision permits exploration of the affected hemithorax and can be extended if the lesion is found to be resectable. If it is not resectable, the pleural surfaces are generously dusted with sterile talc (USP) and two fenestrated intercostal drainage tubes are inserted through separate stab wounds; the latter permit application of suction to maintain complete obliteration of the pleural space for 48 to 72 hours. Two cases are described in detail, and the results of 19 operations are described. Thirteen were for primary pulmonary neoplasms; three were for metastatic carcinoma of the breast. In every instance dyspnea was relieved and recurrence of the effusion was prevented. There were no complications or deaths attributable to the operation.
Impact of treatment delay in acute myeloid leukemia revisited

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Current protocols for intensive treatment include targeted drugs specific for certain genetic subtypes. 1ubtyping is then often required before the start of treatment (other than hydroxyurea), and we must wait for genetic results for all patients.This requirement is medically motivated if it is unclear whether the patient will benefit from intensive treatment as compared with nonintensive targeted therapy, or if data show that targeted therapy is more effective if given on day 1 of an intensive protocol as compared with somewhat later.However, the requirement for immediate genetic subtyping of patients suited for intensive treatment is often based on a need for registration to a specific protocol or simply an arbitrary standard stated in the protocol.As a consequence, rapid diagnostic tools have been developed for required analyses according to specific protocols; now, fluorescence in situ hybridization and molecular results on FLT3, core-binding factor, IDH mutations, and more may be available within 72 hours.This is feasible for large centers but adds cost and logistic measures, and could be hard to achieve in the overall real-world setting, especially in developing countries.(However, if acute promyelocytic leukemia is suspected, urgent diagnostics are always required, and all-trans retinoic acid should be given even before diagnosis is confirmed to prevent early death.)Results from a large German retrospective multicenter study, recently published in Blood by R öllig et al, 2 were interpreted to mean that waiting for diagnostic tests would not be harmful.We here report corresponding data from the large Swedish population-based Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) Registry, 3,4 which, however, is showing better overall results in patients with immediate treatment despite these patients having had more advanced disease, as compared with patients who had delayed treatment.A median time of 3 days between diagnostic sampling and start of intensive treatment (time from diagnosis to treatment [TDT]) indicates that, in clinical practice, regarding AML as a medical urgency is an established routine.
Cerebral and Peripheral Emboli Caused by Cervical Ribs

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Barker, N. W., Cromer, H. E., Hum, M., and Waugh, J. M. (1945). Surgery, 17. 207. Barritt, D. W., and Jordan, S. C. (1960). Lancet, 1, 1309. Bauer, G. (1946). J. Amer. med. Ass., 131, 196. Byrne, J. J. (I960). Ibid., 174. 113. Coon, W. W., MacKenzie, J. W., and Hodgson, P. E. (1958). Surg. Gynec. Obstet., 106, 129. de Bakey, M. E. (1954). Int. Abst. Surg., 98. 1. Eskeland, G. (1962). Lancet, ?, 1035 Gibbs, N. M. (1957). Brit. J. Surg., 45. 209. (1959). Ibid., 47. 282. Harvey, W. P., and Finch, C. A. (1950). New Engt. J. Med., 242, 208. Henderson, E. F. (1927). Arch. Surg., 15, 231. Hermann, R. E., Davis, J. H., and Holden, W. D. (1961). Amer. J. Surg., 102. 19. Honey, G. E., and Truelove, S. C. (1957). Lancet, 1. H55. Lam, C. R., and Hooker. D. H. (1946). Ann. Surg., 123. 221. McLachlin, A. D., McLachlin, J. A., Jory, T. A., and Rawling, E. G. (1960). Ibid., 152. 678. Meister, H. (1960). Frankfurt. Z. Path., 70. 640. Ochsner, A., de Bakey, M. E., De Camp, P. T., and da Rocha, E. (1951). Ann. Surg., 134. 405. Payling Wright, H., and Osborn, S. B. (1952). Brit. Heart J.t 14, 325. Sevitt, S., and Gallagher, N. G. (1959). Lancet, 2, 981. Zeitlhofer, J., and Reiffenstuhl, G. (1952). Wein. klin. Wschr.. 64. 446. Zilliacus, H. (1946). Acta med. se and., Suppl. No. 171, p. 1.
Pathological observation of cornu anterius medullae spinalis in MPTP-induced Parkinson′s disease mice

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Objective To observe pathological changes of cornu anterius medullae spinalis and to analyze its correlation with age in 1-methyl-l-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine(MPTP)-induced Parkinson′s disease(PD) mice. Methods C57BL/6J mice(n=32) were randomly divided into the following groups: Group A(PD models of 8 weeks old),Group B(controls of 8 weeks old),Group C(PD models of 30 weeks old) and Group D(controls of 30 weeks old).PD model was established with daily intraperitoneal injection of 30 mg/kg MPTP,which was replaced by normal saline in controls,for 5 days.Pathological observation with toluidine blue staining,glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP) and electronic microscopy were carried out on cervical enlargement and intumescentia lumbalis. Results Significant pathological changes,including reduction of neuron and up-regulation of GFAP expression,were observed in cornu anterius medullae spinalis of MPTP-injected mice(P0.01).In PD models,there were hydropic degeneration,apoptosis and oncosis in neurons,hyperplastia and hypertrophy in astrocytes and activation of microglial cells.Permeability of blood-brain barrier was increased in MPTP-injected mice.No significant difference was revealed between models with different ages. Conclusion Pathological alteration of cornu anterius medullae spinalis contributes structural basis for the dyskinesia in PD.More widespread pathological changes in PD should be noticed.
Adaptive Parameter Estimation of Hyperbolic Distributed Parameter Systems: Non-symmetric Damping and Slowly Time Varying Systems

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

\n \nIn this paper a model reference-based adaptive parameter estimator for a wide class of hyperbolic distributed parameter systems is\nconsidered. The proposed state and parameter estimator can handle hyperbolic systems in which the damping sesquilinear form may\nnot be symmetric (or even present) and a modification to the standard adaptive law is introduced to account for this lack of symmetry\n(or absence) in the damping form. In addition, the proposed scheme is modified for systems in which the input operator, bounded or\nunbounded, is also unknown. Parameters that are slowly time varying are also considered in this scheme via an extension of finite\ndimensional results. Using a Lyapunov type argument, state convergence is established and with the additional assumption of\npersistence of excitation, parameter convergence is shown. An approximation theory necessary for numerical implementation is\nestablished and numerical results are presented to demonstrate the applicability of the above parameter estimators. \n\n