jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Courage in the Democratic Polis

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In this careful and compelling study, Ryan K. Balot brings together political theory, classical history, and ancient philosophy in order to reconceive of courage as a specifically democratic virtue. Ranging from Thucydides and Aristophanes to the Greek tragedians and Plato, Balot shows that the ancient Athenians constructed a novel vision of courage that linked this virtue to fundamental democratic ideals, such as freedom, equality, and practical rationality. The Athenian ideology of courage had practical implications for the conduct of war, for gender relations, and for the citizens' self-image as democrats. In revising traditional ideals, Balot argues, the Athenians reimagined the emotional and cognitive motivations for courage in ways that will unsettle and transform our contemporary discourses. Without losing sight of political tensions and practical conflicts, Balot illustrates the merits of the Athenian ideal, provocatively explaining its potential to enlarge our contemporary understandings of politics and ethics. The result is a remarkably interdisciplinary work that has significant implications for the theory and practice of democracy, both ancient and modern.
The Neuroaffective Triangle and Organising Intervention as a Conceptual Framework for Family Therapy

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This article outlines a conceptual framework for organising an intervention plan for family therapy before starting the sessions. This is based on an integrative coherent theory or frame of understanding called neuroaffective developmental psychology (NADP) (Hart , ). NADP is an integration of attachment theory, neuropsychology, developmental psychology, and trauma theory. It has been developed as a tool to navigate in the complex world of emotional development, intersubjectivity, family therapy, and psychotherapy to create relevant intervention plans to meet the needs of an individual family or client. NADP is used as a theoretical frame of understanding, (a) to understand emotional development, personality vulnerabilities and disorders, and the maturation of emotional capacities within attachment‐based relationships, and (b) to translate this understanding into intervention plans discretely adjusted to the complexity of human development and the skills and agency of the professionals working with the families. The theory and clinical application of NADP as an organising frame within a family therapy setting is illustrated by a case example.
Marginal Bone Loss Around Machined versus Plasma Sprayed Implant Supported Mandibular Overdenture Cases -A Split- Mouth Randomized Controlled Trial.

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Aim of this study:To compare marginal bone loss around machined and plasma sprayed dental implant collar surfaces after 24 months follow up period in mandibular overdenture cases. Materials and methods:Eight patients with completely edentulous ridges received 32 implants; each patient received 4 implants at the lower arch; 2 machined collar implants were placed at one side and 2 plasma sprayed collar implants were placed at the other side.The implants were loaded 3 months after placement.Radiographic marginal bone loss was measured using CBCT at time of implant placement (baseline), 3,6,12 and 24 months follow up periods.Result: Marginal bone loss was observed for both machined and plasma sprayed implant collars throughout the follow up periods with statistically significant decrease in bone level through 24 months follow up period. Conclusion:Plasma sprayed implant collar promoted better bone repair with less bone loss than did machined implant collar.
Family Change and Adolescent Well-Being: A Reexamination of U.S. Trends

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This chapter reviews the evidence presented in Uhlenbergs and Eggebeens article (1986) which assembled data from a variety of demographic and social surveys to support their thesis that the circumstances of youth specifically those of 16- and 17-year-olds have worsened steadily in recent decades and that the decline in the well-being of youth can be linked to the loss of parental controls associated with rising rates of divorce and maternal employment. It reviews their evidence on changing patterns of teenage behavior and the link between that behavior and rates of divorce and maternal employment. Using more extensive data than Uhlenberg and Eggebeen have used the authors show that trends in various indicators in adolescent behavior are less uniform than they suggest and that the causal link to divorce and maternal employment is not supported by the evidence. The authors 1) do not assume that all the behaviors examined are indicators of 1 dependent variable adolescent well-being; 2) have constructed an annual time series for a greater span of years than Uhlenberg and Eggebeen; and 3) have collected data on both black and white youths in a variety of different age groups. Annual figures show that the patterns of change over time are less uniform than is suggested by data for 3 points in time. For all indicators except out-of-wedlock birth rates and possibly suicide deterioration in the condition of youth is followed by a rise in well-being as measured by these indicators in the late 1970s or early 1980s. Although it is impossible to draw any definitive conclusions because of the limitations of the available data some indicators evidently were changing adversely in the decades before the 1960s. Out-of-wedlock birth rates began their upward trend for white youths in the 1940s. Suicide homicide and motor vehicle death rates all showed some rise in the 1950s while the other indicators for which data exists before the 1960s generally show no decline in well-being until the 1960s or 1970s. The limited available data before 1960 again point to the fact that all indicators are not alike; and some of the behaviors started to change before the period of family change that according to Uhlenberg and Eggebeen caused the trends in teen behavior.
A Study on the Attitudes and Selection Attributes of Cultural Arts Consumers to Buy Classical Performance Products

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the purchase attitude of consumers of classical performance products using the FCB Grid Model and to find out how the differences are shown according to the selection attributes of classical performance products. The results of this paper are as follows. First, among the four purchasing attitudes of classical performance products, the low involvement/emotional group was 35.2% and the high involvement/rational group was 24.8%. The low involvement/rational group was 20.9%, and high involvement/ emotional group was 19.1%. Second, among the selection attributes, there were significant differences in ‘content’, ‘performer’, and ‘performance hall’. It is meaningful that it suggested the necessity and utilization plan of systematic marketing strategy of classical performance.
A CNN-Based K-Mer Classification of Anti-Microbial Peptide Sequences

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, a natural language processing approach to classification of Anti-Microbial Peptide (AMP) sequences from three kingdoms (in total) of eukaryotic (animals and plants) and prokaryotic (bacteria) organisms has been discussed. AMPs are peptides that are produced in all living organisms as an innate natural response against fungi, bacteria, viruses and other pathogens. They can be represented by sequences of the one-letter codes of their constituent amino acids. These sequences, when treated as words of the English language, can be used to predict various characteristics using NLP. The primary approach used in this research is to break down this "word" into three different types of K-mers (with K= 2, 3 and 4). These K-mers are then encoded into numerical features and fed as inputs to a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model that predicts their kingdoms. While the evaluation of deep learning models for DNA sequence prediction has been performed extensively, there is still a lack of researches on peptide sequence prediction using the NLPDL approach. Not only will this research help future researchers in performing sequence analysis of peptides using the said approach, but it will also give them insight on which values of K can be suitable for classification of K-mer sequences with best accuracy.
Geographic Patterns of International Telecommunications in Korea, 1960-1996

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The present study examined the geographic patterns of international telecommunications for the period of 1960-1996, and their relations with other kinds of international movements, namely the flows of commodity and people between Korea and the rest of the world. The time-series cross-correlation analysis revealed that the growth in international telecommunications recently became correspondent with the growth of GNP, trade and travel with one to two year lead. An examination on the call-destinations for the period of 1960 through 1995 revealed that Korean international telecommunications are a combination of the Japan and USA components, the neighborhood form, and the world economic form. The Japan and USA components have dominated international telecommunications for long, while the neighborhood form is gaining its importance substantially in recent years. The spatial interaction model was employed to identify the extent of the Korean telephone forelands, which include largely Asia-Pacific, Europe and America as of 1996. The residual analysis also found that the pro-Western atmosphere governing Korea since the Korean War appears to have a major influence on the geography of international information interactions. The analyses repeatedly indicated that the 1980s was the period of a major transformation of Korean telecommunications.
History of Medical Education

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

From the earliest times, medicine has been a curious blend of superstition, empiricism, and that kind of sagacious observation which is the stuff out of which ultimately scipnce is made.Of these three strands- superstition, empiricism, and observation-medicine was constituted in the days of the priest-physicians of Egypt and Babylonia; of the same three strands it is still com- posed.The proportions have, however, varied significantly; an increasingly alert and determined effort, run- ning through the ages, has endeavoured to expel superstition, to narrow the range of empiricism, and to enlarge, refine, and systematize the scope of observa- tion. . .The general trend of medicine has been away from magic and empiricism and in the direction of rationality....
Reflections on How to be a Theoretical Researcher in Business and Management Studies.

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This is a reflective or theoretical paper, which examines some of the ideas that underpin the practice of non-empirical or theoretical research. The paper explores different ways in which the word theory is used, defines theoretical research and describes the limits of theoretical understanding. It then discusses discourse and reflection, and proceeds to describe how empirical and theoretical research strategies differ. The paper offers a suggestion as to how to undertake theoretical research and points out how such research may be evaluated.
[The effectiveness of dynamic CT as a tool for the analysis of cerebral hemodynamics].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

It is generally accepted that dynamic CT is one of the best way to evaluate cerebral hemodynamics. Employing our original computer simulation method, the present study was undergone to examine the theoretical background of dynamic CT. When a single bolus injection of non-diffusable indicator is intravenously performed, the time density curve of a cerebral tissue consists of the following two components: the time density curve of a carotid artery (g(x)) and the dispersion curve through the cerebral tissue (f(x)). A mean transit time (MTT) of the latter curve can be mathematically calculated by height-over area method. The concept gave us an interesting idea that a computer simulation could produce the time density curve implying an MTT. Convolution technique was applied to synthesize it from f(x) and g(x). The latter curve (g(x)) is influenced by several conditions such as a dispersion through a lung, a cardiac output and systemic arterial pressure. Therefore, it is not essential to measure the definite parameter from the time density curve obtained by dynamic CT. Dynamic CT should be considered as a qualitative method rather than a quantitative one. Several parameters were given by the analysis of a simulated curve. A time to peak (PT), above all, was most linearly correlated to MTT. A prolongation of PT in the insulted area, which means a prolongation of MTT, leads to a decrease of cerebral blood flow. In addition, we examined if Gamma variate fitting curve could apply a substitute for an original time density curve.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Stale seedbed technique for weed control negatively impacts the indigenous AM fungal population

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Among weed control tools available to organic farmers are a variety of stale seedbed techniques. Stale seedbed methods create a surface layer of soil depleted in viable weed seeds through repetitive cycles of seed germination followed by cultivation to uproot and kill those seedlings. Two experiments were conducted to examine the impact of two stale seedbed techniques, roto-tilling and spading (each at two frequencies), upon the native AM fungal communities in organically farmed high P soils. Weed biomass, propagule densities of the indigenous AM fungal communities, development of mycorrhizas in roots of transplanted leek (Allium porrum L.) seedlings, and impact of AM fungus inoculation upon growth and yield were measured for repetitively cultivated vs. control planting beds. Stale seedbed treatments had significant negative impact upon total weed biomass the first month after planting the leek seedlings. Control beds, cultivated only just before planting, had significantly greater AM fungus propagule density than soils roto-tilled (Pr > F = 0.0004) or spaded (Pr > F = 0.0008) at 2–4 week intervals. Early season development of mycorrhizas in transplanted seedlings was greater in the control beds than in repetitively cultivated beds, e.g. 6% vs. 1% of root length colonized (Pr > F = 0.0001) two weeks after transplanting in Exp II. Even though the stale seedbed techniques had negative impacts upon the indigenous AM fungal populations, there was no measurable impact on crop yield in the high P soils used here. Nevertheless, farmers may want to consider use of AM fungus inoculation of vegetable seedlings transplanted into stale seedbed-treated fields low in plant available P.
A remarkable discovery of electrum on the island of Sylt, northern Germany, and its Scandinavian origin

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract. An electrum–quartz pebble with a weight of 10.4 g was discovered in a cliff of Saalian glaciogenic sediments on the west coast of the German North Sea island of Sylt in 2012. It has a roundish water-worn appearance and consists of intergrown electrum and milky quartz. It is the largest known electrum find in Germany, and regarding its weight it also ranks amongst the largest gold finds discovered in Germany. We document and characterize this unusual discovery. Furthermore, an attempt is made to investigate its provenance. Therefore, reference samples of southern Scandinavian gold and electrum deposits and occurrences have been studied and compared to the Sylt find. The Au–Ag content determined by electron microprobe (EMP), trace element signature measured by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS), and Pb isotope compositions by multi-collector ICP MS (MC-ICP-MS) suggest a southern Norwegian origin. The most probable source might be the Kongsberg ore district or an adjacent, yet undiscovered, mineralization in the Oslo region. In general, Saalian glaciogenic sediments in Schleswig-Holstein (northern Germany) are dominated by rocks of Swedish provenance. Due to the intake of older Elsterian sediments by younger Saalian glaciers, southern Norwegian rocks are also not uncommon in Saalian sediments. A Saalian ice advance or a combination of Elsterian and Saalian ice advances might have provided a transport mechanism for an electrum sample from a south Norwegian mineralization to the island of Sylt.
Narrative features of the play “Stolen Happiness” by I. Franko (literary and stage versions)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In this article is observed the narrative features of the play “Stolen Happines” by Ivan Franko and its stage version by producer Lilia Petrenko. The research is carried out with the help of narrative and comparative analysis. The urgency of the work is confirmed by the fact that no one succeeded in comparing the text of the "Stolen Happiness" of the nineteenth and twenty centuries. Such a conclusion is made on the basis of the analyzed works of literary critics and art critics. The author of the article uses such key terms of naratology as event, plot, time and space. These concepts help to understand the features of texts and allow you to compare the drama and its modern stage version. In each of the five acts of Ivan Franko’s drama, the micro, mini- and actual event are determined. The scene version contains two actions which are also considered under this scheme. Time and space were also considered in detail in the example of two texts. The author used G. Zhenet’s theory of narrative movements. The researcher came to the conclusion that Ivan Franko and Lilia Petrenko, by virtue of their capabilities, achieved the desired result. Using various types of art, the authors have created original works that interest the readers and the viewers for more than two centuries. Ivan Franko and Lilia Petrenko is focused on micro and mini events in different ways, however, they come to the main event of "Stolen Happiness" – the assassination of Mikhail Gurman. Time also unfolds in the texts in different ways. In the drama it is stretched, and in the stage reception, on the contrary, is narrowed. Lilia Petrenko resorted to receiving the alignment of time and spatial markers in her play. It makes this play eternal.
Tech Startups Led by Women - A Journey Ahead

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The present paper demonstrates that the concept of gender equality still remains mostly in theory in the whole world, particularly in the context of economic participation and opportunity available to Indian women. It aims to depict the contribution of women-led tech startups in diverse fields like medical and health care, materials and product innovations and logistics, automobile sector, communication support system, security system, and human resource management. The contribution of Indian women in the forefront of tech startups in spite of all the barriers of cultural, social, economic, and political has been reflected here. It points out the brilliance and hard work of women entrepreneurs and suggests an urgent need for the change in the perception on the role of women of all relevant agencies in Indian society.
Friend Social Network Size Moderates the Association Between Age and Physical Activity Across Adulthood

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Both physical activity and social network size decline as people age. However, limited research has examined if social network size and contact frequency differentially influence physical activity across the adult lifespan. This study aimed to assess if these social network characteristics moderated the relationship between age and physical activity level across adulthood. Multiple regression analyses were conducted to examine the main-effect association between age, past-week physical activity, and past-year physical activity, as well as the moderating effect of social network characteristics (i.e., friend network size, friend contact frequency, relative network size, and relative contact frequency) on age-physical activity associations. The results revealed that friend network size had moderated associations between age and past-week physical activity (β = -7.03; p = .025, f2 = 0.13) and past-year physical activity (β = -585.52; p = .017, f2 = 0.15). Specifically, adults who were older and had smaller friend networks performed more minutes of moderate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) over the past week and past year; on the other hand, adults who were younger and had larger friend networks performed more minutes of MVPA over the past week and past year. Relative network size, friend contact frequency, and relative contact frequency did not moderate the relationship between age and past-week physical activity and past-year physical activity. These findings suggested that building friend networks throughout adulthood may help promote active living across the adult lifespan.
Altered speech act indication: A problem for foreign language learners?

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The aim of this study is to examine how Chinese learners of English evaluate 'altered speech act indicating functions' of conventionalised expressions normally associated with one specific speech act. In every language, there is a strongly conventionalised relationship between expressions and speech acts. The notion of altered speech act indication implies that many expressions can conventionally indicate more than one speech act, or completely lose their speech act indicating function. We explore the phenomenon of altered speech act indication by focusing on evaluations by Chinese learners of English who were presented with English examples featuring expressions associated with the speech acts of Thank and Greet, which were drawn from the British National Corpus. The respondents were asked to translate the examples to Chinese and were then interviewed about their translational choices. We devote special attention to Chinese learners of English because our previous research had revealed that conventionalised expressions in Chinese and English have very different speech act indicating capacities. The methodology of the current study is based on a tripartite system of altered speech act indication. The results of the analysis show that all types of altered speech act indication present problems for Chinese learners of English.