jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Reversible Jump, Birth-and-Death and More General Continuous Time Markov Chain Monte Carlo Samplers

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Summary Reversible jump methods are the most commonly used Markov chain Monte Carlo tool for exploring variable dimension statistical models. Recently, however, an alternative approach based on birth-and-death processes has been proposed by Stephens for mixtures of distributions. We show that the birth-and-death setting can be generalized to include other types of continuous time jumps like split-and-combine moves in the spirit of Richardson and Green. We illustrate these extensions both for mixtures of distributions and for hidden Markov models. We demonstrate the strong similarity of reversible jump and continuous time methodologies by showing that, on appropriate rescaling of time, the reversible jump chain converges to a limiting continuous time birth-and-death process. A numerical comparison in the setting of mixtures of distributions highlights this similarity.
Exploring Family Processes in the NLSY97

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article introduces a special edition of Marriage and Family Review. We comment on how this collection emerged and was funded. A theoretical foundation for the articles is also presented. Finally, a short description of each article is included. The overall conclusion of the article is that the NLSY97 is a significant and important starting point for researching inner family life and family process variables. However, the authors note that large-scale research projects are needed within which family processes are the focus and not a sidelight.
An Interview with Sylvia Rimm about “Underachievers”

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract Sylvia Rimm received her doctorate in educational psychology from the University of Wisconsin–Madison. She has published Underachievement Syndrome: Causes and Cures (Watertown, Wis.: Apple Publishing, 1986); How to Parent So Children Will Learn (Watertown, Wis.: Apple Publishing, 1989); Gifted Kids Have Feelings Too (with Christine Priest) (Watertown, Wis.: Apple Publishing, 1990); and Education of the Gifted and Talented (with Gary Davis) (Needham Heights, Mass.: Allyn and Bacon, 1993), now in its fourth edition. She has co-authored or authored tests for identifying talents, interests, and achievement. She currently directs Educational Assessment Service in Watertown, Wisconsin, is head of the Family Achievement Clinic at MetroHealth Medical Center in Cleveland, Ohio, and is a clinical professor of psychiatry and pediatrics at Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, where she has taught courses in the principles of parenting and the psychology of the gifted.
Spatial-Sensor Observation Service for Spatial Operation of GeoSensor

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

과학과 기술의 발전은 우리의 삶에서 다양한 변화를 만들고 있다. 특히 센서는 다양한 분야에서 실시간 모니터링과 효율적인 주변 환경 분석을 위해 사용되고 있다. 그러나 기존의 센서 네트워크는 조직별 자체 정의된 프로토콜과 아키텍처를 사용함으로써 네트워크 간의 통신에 추가적인 비용을 발생시켰다. 표준화된 센서 네트워크의 부재로 인한 단점을 해결하고자 OGC에서는 표준화된 센서 및 센서 시스템에 대한 접근, 조작 등을 위해 2007년 SWE v1.0과 2011년 SWE v2.0을 발표했다. SWE는 다양한 하위 컴포넌트들로 구성되어 있는데 그 중 센서 데이터 획득을 위한 SOS에 대한 다양한 시도들이 이루어지고 있다. 그러나 기존의 SOS들은 GeoSensor의 공간연산을 고려하지 않기 때문에 매번 클라이언트에서 공간연산이 구현 및 실행됨으로써 적은 리소스를 갖는 클라이언트에 많은 부하를 초래하고 SOS의 용이성이 떨어지는 문제점이 있다. 본 논문에서는 고정 및 이동형 GeoSensor을 위한 spatialFilter와 spatialFinder 공간 연산을 확장한 S-SOS를 제안한다. 제안된 S-SOS를 사용하여 기존의 기구축된 SOS를 수정하지 않고 필요에 의해 최소한의 추가로 공간 연산을 지원할 수 있는 아키텍처를 지원하며 이에 필요한 공간 연산의 질의 표현을 설명한다. 따라서 S-SOS는 다양한 위치기반 서비스에 효과적으로 사용될 수 있음을 보인다. Advances in science and technology have made a lot of changes in our life. Especially, sensors have used in various ways to monitor in real time and analyze the world effectively. Traditional sensor networks, however, have used their own protocols and architecture so it had to be paid a lot of additional cost. In the past 8 years, OGC and ISO have been formulating standards and protocols for the geospatial Sensor Web. Although the OGC SWE initiatives have deployed some components, attempts have been made to access sensor data. All spatial operations had to calculate on the client side because traditional SOS architecture did not consider spatial operation for GeoSensor. As a result, clients have to implement and run spatial operations, and it caused a lot of overload on them and decreased approachableness. In this paper we propose S-SOS for in-situ and moving GeoSensor that extends 52 North SOS and provides spatialFilter and spatialFinder operations. The proposed S-SOS provides an architecture that does not need to edit already deployed SOSs and can add spatial operations as occasion. Additionally we explain how to express the spatial queries and to be used effectively for various location based services.
10086- MET-8 A CASE OF METASTASIS OF LUNG CANCER TO INTRACRANIAL MENINGIOMA

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract INTRODUCTION Meningiomas are the most common benign tumors, and are supplied with nutrients from various blood vessels, and have a very rich cerebral blood flow, making them a potential target for systemic cancer metastasis. We report a case of small cell lung cancer metastasis to a meningioma. CASE A 74-year-old man. He had been treated for small cell lung cancer and was under observation. He had gradually lost appetite one month ago and was hospitalized at his previous hospital. A head CT scan revealed a suspected brain tumor, and he was referred to our hospital for treatment. At the initial visit, he only had mild consciousness disorder. Head CT scan showed a tumorous lesion of about 5 cm in the right frontal region, adjacent to the dura mater, with surrounding cerebral edema. Brain MRI showed areas of uniform contrast and areas of poor contrast due to bleeding in the same area. Although the consciousness disorder improved with the administration of steroids, the tumor did not shrink and there was also surrounding edema, so an excision was performed. Intraoperative findings showed a tumor originating from the dura mater, with the anterior portion showing a tumorous lesion of a different nature, and the border with the surrounding brain was unclear. Pathology showed components of meningioma and lung cancer, and it was determined that the lung cancer had metastasized to the meningioma. After surgery, the patient received 30 Gy of whole brain irradiation and was discharged home. CONCLUSION Although meningiomas are benign tumors, they have an extremely abundant blood flow, and the survival time for systemic cancer has been increasing, so it is important to keep in mind that there is a possibility of metastasis to meningioma, as in this case.
[Evaluation by microneurography of muscle sympathetic nerve activity in myelopathic patients].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to observe the functional condition of the muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) in nine patients with mild myelopathy for which surgery was indicated [mean score 14/17 by Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) cervical myelopathy and 7/11 for thoracic myelopathy]. The MSNA was obtained from the tibial nerve at the popliteal fossa by microneurography. The resting activities and the responses during handgripping were analyzed and compared with those of a control group of nine healthy volunteers and patients with disorders unrelated to myelopathy. The MSNA with the subjects supine was recorded first at rest for 5 min. (rest period), next during exertion of 20% of the maximum voluntary handgripping power for 5 min. (handgripping period), and last at rest for 5 min. (recovery period). The number of MSNA bursts per min. (burst rate) in the group with myelopathy was more than that in the control group (p < 0.05) in all three periods. The response by MSNA to handgripping in the group with myelopathy was higher than that in the control group at the start of handgripping (p < 0.01), and tended to be higher even 5 min. after handgripping ended. The results appeared to demonstrate that MSNA of patients with mild myelopathy for which surgery is indicated is increased in the lower extremities.
Minimizing Power Losses for Distributed Generation (DG) Placements by Considering Voltage Profiles on Distribution Lines for Different Loads Using Genetic Algorithm Methods

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

The need for electrical energy is increasing in line with the increase in population and increasing progress in welfare. On the other hand, the availability of fossil fuels as the main fuel in generating electricity is dwindling; so, there is a need for policies that require the use of environmentally friendly renewable energy. The utilization of renewable energy does not necessarily apply freely due to several constraints. One effort is a generator or distributed generation (DG) which is placed in the distribution line close to the load. The utilization of DG must go through planning, especially the large capacity and position on the bus and on the feeder, which will result in small network losses and a voltage profile that meets tolerance limits. Thus, the purpose of this study is to optimize to obtain the capacity and location of the DG calculated by considering the variation in the load through the genetic algorithm method. As a result, the optimal DG position for normal load is obtained on bus 18, bus 20, and bus 32 with capacities of 190 kW, 463 kW, and 370 kW, respectively. The losses obtained decreased from 54.6733 kW to 9.9447 kW, and the voltage profile was maintained within the specified limits. Optimization was carried out for decreasing and increasing loads in percent. The result is that losses can be minimized, and the voltage profile remains within the required limits. The lower the load, the more stable the voltage and the smaller the losses; meanwhile, the larger the load, the more fluctuating the voltage is, but still within the limits specified in the optimization.
Adaptive Markets and Trend Following

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This chapter introduces the adaptive markets hypothesis (AMH) to provide more detail into how to understand dynamic trading strategies. The classic efficient markets hypothesis (EMH) is a framework for understanding how market prices behave. The chapter discusses the factors that affect adaptation. These factors can be divided into three categories: institutional restrictions, market functionality, and behavioral biases. By examining what happens during equity market crisis, trend following strategies, based purely on the design and construction of the strategy, will enable it to deliver crisis alpha. The chapter describes a framework for understanding a general class of speculative risk-taking strategies. Speculative risk premiums are also a driver of total performance but they vary substantially. Finally, a look at trend following performance for both large and small moves in equity markets demonstrates that trend following strategies depend on market divergence.
Sobolev regularity for nonlinear Poisson equations with Neumann boundary conditions on Riemannian manifolds

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Abstract In this paper, we study the Sobolev regularity of solutions to nonlinear second order elliptic equations with super-linear first-order terms on Riemannian manifolds, complemented with Neumann boundary conditions, when the source term of the equation belongs to a Lebesgue space, under various integrability regimes. Our method is based on an integral refinement of the Bochner identity, and leads to “semilinear Calderón–Zygmund” type results. Applications to the problem of smoothness of solutions to Mean Field Games systems with Neumann boundary conditions posed on convex domains of the Euclidean space will also be discussed.
<title>High-quality 2 x 2 and 4 x 4 wavelength-flatted couplers for sensor applications</title>

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A low-loss, high-quality 2X2 wavelength-flattered coupler (WFC) and a new 4X4 star WFC are presented. The typical excess loss of the 2X2 WFC with 50% coupling ratio is less than 0.2 dB with less than +/- 5% deviation of coupling ratio over the wavelength range from 1250 nm to 1600 nm. The typical excess loss of the 4X4 WFC is less than 0.5 dB with less than +/- 2% deviations of coupling ratio for two of the four outputs, and less than +/- 10% for the other two outputs over the wavelength range from 1250 nm to 1600 nm. The package sizes are (Phi) 5X50 mm and (Phi) 6X140 mm, respectively, for the moment.
Geriatric Content in Physical Therapist Education Programs in the United States

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background and Purpose. It has been a decade since the last national survey examining geriatric content within physical therapist education programs in the United States. The primary purpose of this descriptive study was to obtain current data related to the extent to which geriatrics is included in the professional preparation of physical therapists. Method. In 1999, a survey instrument was mailed to all physical therapist education programs in the United States for completion by the program director or a faculty member responsible for geriatric content within the curriculum. The survey tool had four sections: demographics, knowledge base, examination skills, and intervention skills. Ninety respondents (42% response rate) indicated their level of agreement with survey statements related to knowledge base, examination skills, and intervention skills related to geriatrics. Results. For 64% of the knowledgebase items, at least 75% of the respondents agreed that the items were optimally covered in their curriculum. For 79% of the examination items and 50% of the intervention items, at least 75% of the respondents agreed that the items were well covered in their curriculum. Conclusion. This study suggests that faculty at responding physical therapist education programs in the United States perceive that the majority of geriatric-related knowledge-base content and patient examination skills are well covered within their curriculums.
Feline Infectious Respiratory Disease

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Feline infectious respiratory disease (URTD) is a very common cause of illness in US shelters, threatening the health and adoptability of individual cats and the entire feline population. Most URTD pathogens are associated with a similar array of clinical signs, including serous to mucopurulent ocular and/or nasal discharge, photophobia, sneezing, fever, inappetence or anorexia and submandibular lymphadenopathy. The main mode of transmission for all the major feline respiratory pathogens is by direct contact with infected cats that are actively shedding. The type of population being cared for, the housing environment, level of population density, length of stay (LOS) and other management practices can make important differences in the patterns of feline URTD pathogens that are likely to dominate. Antiviral drugs for feline URTD are directed against feline herpesvirus. LOS is frequently reported as the single greatest risk factor for URTD in shelter cats.
New investigation on pseudospark discharge and quenching phenomenon at zero current

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

These studies, carried out on the pseudospark discharge, show its high ability to open a circuit at zero current. The interesting results are linked to the diffuse discharge mode, and allow avoidance of the development of anodic spots at high peak current above 40 kA. In these experiments, after a pulse current of 18 kA and 225 /spl mu/s duration, the rate of reapplied voltage is 18 kV//spl mu/s and the peak of withstand voltage is 18 kV. This ability depends strongly on the electrode conditioning. The authors obtained the best results with a number of shots up to 200 and a rate current lower than 210/sup 8/ A/s. They believe that the values of the rate of current at zero current (conduction phase) have a great influence on the opening switch performance. They investigate other characteristics, such as the dimensions of the cavities, the hole diameter, the gap and the pressure, in order to increase performance. A CCD camera allows investigation of the conduction phase and the recovery phase before and after zero current crossing.
Beta 2-microglobulin and immune activation.

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Journal Article Beta 2-microglobulin and immune activation. Get access D Fuchs, D Fuchs Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A Hausen, A Hausen Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar G Reibnegger, G Reibnegger Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar E R Werner, E R Werner Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar G W Felmayer, G W Felmayer Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H Wachter H Wachter Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Clinical Chemistry, Volume 35, Issue 10, 1 October 1989, Pages 2158–2159, https://doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/35.10.2158 Published: 01 October 1989
Why Are Real Interest Rates So High?

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper applies the Capital Asset Pricing Model to help explain the anomalous behavior of real interest rates during the last several years.Specifically,we are able to show that the increased volatility of bond prices since the change in Federal Reserve operating procedure in October 1979 has substantially increased the required real risk premium on long term bonds.We also consider and reject the possibility that increased risk alone accounts for the recent increase in the short-term real rate.Finally, we use the model to simulate the financial effects of a Federal debt maturity management operation.
Incidence and Characteristics of Osteoarticular Infections in Patients With Infective Endocarditis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Osteoarticular infections (OAIs) in the setting of infective endocarditis (IE) are uncommon. Although morbidity and mortality have been widely studied, details of the characteristics of patients with concurrent IE and OAI are limited. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the (1) incidence, (2) mortality, (3) clinical features, and (4) microbiological profiles of OAIs in the setting of IE. A retrospective review was conducted of 1280 IE cases at a large academic institution between 2009 and 2015. Patients were categorized according to the following OAI types: spondylodiskitis, large joint septic arthritis, other site infections, or multiple affected joints. Inpatient mortality rates, clinical findings, and microbiological characteristics were compared between OAI types. Overall, the incidence of OAI among IE patients was 6.8% (n=87). The in-hospital mortality rate was 9.2% (n=8) and was not significantly associated with OAI type ( P =.801). Eighteen patients had multiple affected joints resulting in a total of 114 infected sites. Of these, 39% (n=44) were spondylodiskitis, 29% (n=33) were large joint septic arthritis, and 32% (n=37) were infections of smaller joints. Back pain was most common among patients with spondylodiskitis ( P <.001), whereas fever and general fatigue were most common with septic arthritis ( P <.001). Of the available bone/ joint cultures, 69% were positive. Overall, Staphylococcus aureus was the most common IE pathogen in patients with both IE and OAI (63%). Clinicians should maintain a high suspicion for OAI in patients with IE caused by Staphylococcus aureus , particularly spondylodiskitis among those presenting with back pain. [ Orthopedics 2020; 43(1):24–29.]
Cysteinyl leukotriene 2 receptor and protease-activated receptor 1 activate strongly correlated early genes in human endothelial cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Cysteinyl leukotrienes (cysLT), i.e., LTC 4 , LTD 4 , and LTE 4 , are lipid mediators derived from the 5-lipoxygenase pathway, and the cysLT receptors cysLT 1 -R/cysLT 2 -R mediate inflammatory tissue reactions. Although endothelial cells (ECs) predominantly express cysLT 2 -Rs, their role in vascular biology remains to be fully understood. To delineate cysLT 2 -R actions, we stimulated human umbilical vein EC with LTD 4 and determined early induced genes. We also compared LTD 4 effects with those induced by thrombin that binds to protease-activated receptor (PAR)-1. Stringent filters yielded 37 cysLT 2 -R- and 34 PAR-1-up-regulated genes (>2.5-fold stimulation). Most LTD 4 -regulated genes were also induced by thrombin. Moreover, LTD 4 plus thrombin augmented gene expression when compared with each agonist alone. Strongly induced genes were studied in detail: Early growth response (EGR) and nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A transcription factors; E-selectin; CXC ligand 2; IL-8 ; a disintegrin-like and metalloprotease (reprolysin type) with thrombospondin type 1 motif 1 ( ADAMTS1 ); Down syndrome critical region gene 1 ( DSCR1 ); tissue factor ( TF ); and cyclooxygenase 2. Transcripts peaked at ≈60 min, were unaffected by a cysLT 1 -R antagonist, and were superinduced by cycloheximide. The EC phenotype was markedly altered: LTD 4 induced de novo synthesis of EGR1 protein and EGR1 localized in the nucleus; LTD 4 up-regulated IL-8 formation and secretion; and LTD 4 raised TF protein and TF-dependent EC procoagulant activity. These data show that cysLT 2 -R activation results in a proinflammatory EC phenotype. Because LTD 4 and thrombin are likely to be formed concomitantly in vivo , cysLT 2 -R and PAR-1 may cooperate to augment vascular injury.
A Critical Turn in Heritage Studies: From Power Discourse to Grassroots Practices

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In this article, the author analyzes the subject field of cultural heritage studies, starting from the time of the emergence of the scientific discourse on heritage in the 19th century and ending with contemporary critical studies. It is noted that the works published in the last decades revise the usual idea of cultural heritage as an authentic medium between past and present, and instead propose to understand heritage in its processual forms, be it authorized discourses, expert nomination or grassroots practices of protection and care. In doing so, the temporal dimension of heritage, its devalorization and reassembly in relation to the needs of contemporary viewers, becomes important. The author sets out to identify the main directions and reference points of heritage studies and critical heritage studies, theoretical and applied limitations, as well as to determine what leads to the defragmentation of this subject area and whether this process is to be feared. The paper focuses on grassroots practices of heritage use: appropriation, commodification and routinization, and the place heritage is given in the space of the contemporary city.
Four conjectures on the numbers obtained concatenating to the right a prime with the digit 9

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In this paper I state the following four conjectures: (I) There exist an infinity of primes p which, concatenated to the right with the digit 9, form also prime numbers; (II) There exist an infinity of primes obtained concatenating the reversal of p as is defined in Conjecture I to the right with the digit 9; (III) There exist an infinity of semiprimes obtained concatenating primes to the right with the digit 9, semiprimes m*n having the property that n – m + 1 is prime; (IV) There exist an infinity of semiprimes obtained concatenating the reversal of p as is defined in Conjecture I to the right with the digit 9, semiprimes m*n having the property that n – m + 1 is prime.