jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Importance and Some Problems of English Language Learning

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

As one of the International languages, English is becoming more and more important in this globalization era. In Indonesia, this language is taught and learnt from Elementary school up to University level. This means that the learners (students) have studied it for more than 10 (ten) years but in fact most of them are not capable of producing the two language skills (speaking and writing) very well. This might happen to the two other skills, listening and reading. Based on the writer’s experience during his teaching, especially to non-English department students, he found that more than 90% of them, their English competence were very poor. This might be caused by some aspects, such as the inconsistency between the spelling and its pronunciation and many other patterns of grammatical structures that were much different from those of Indonesian language and even more complex and sophisticated as well. As a teacher, s/he has to know how to make those two problems simpler and easier to understand. Besides giving them many chances to practice the language being learnt more and more. Finally, it is expected that this method could make the students capable of catching the idea from the teacher easier to understand and make use of it very well in their real practice.
A Rank-Based Quotient Analysis of Constraints Faced by PM-KISAN Beneficiaries across Southern States of India: Key Issues and Policy Implications

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi (PM-KISAN) scheme, launched in 2018, aims to provide crucial financial support to farmers in India. This study analyses the constraints experienced by PM-KISAN recipients across five southern Indian states: Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Karnataka and Kerala. Data was gathered from 1,900 farmers through open-ended surveys, and the constraints were ranked using the Rank Based Quotient (RBQ) method. The top constraint, cited by 98.2% of farmers, was the inadequacy of the Rs. 6,000 annual payments, which was considered insufficient for meaningful agricultural investment. Other key issues included exclusion due to outdated land records (88.8%), ineligibility of tenant farmers (85.5%), irregular fund disbursement (75.4%), and a lack of awareness about the scheme's guidelines (70.5%). These findings indicate the need for policy reforms, including increasing the grant amount, revising eligibility criteria, and improving awareness and transparency in fund distribution. Addressing these issues could significantly improve the impact of the PM KISAN scheme, particularly for small and marginal farmers.
Haemoglobin Polymorphism in Red Sokoto Goats of Nigeria.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

This study describes the genetic structure from the Hb locus in goats of the Red Sokoto type. The haemotypification of the individuals at the Hb locus was achieved by Cellulose acetate electrophoresis. The haemoglobin polymorphism in the Red Sokoto goat was identified in the electrophoretic field of three migration zones: the fast haemoglobin named HbA type, the intermediate migration labelled HbAHbB type and the slow haemoglobin designated HbB type. These phenotypes were determined by the two co-dominant alleles, HbA and HbB. The two alleles control three haemoglobin genotypes: two homozygotes, HbAHbA and HbBHbB, and one heterozygote, HbAHbB. The allele HbA had a higher frequency (60.4%) than the allele HbB (39.6%). The HbAHbB heterozygotes had a higher incidence in the population (64.15%) in comparison with the other two homozygous genotypes; the HbAHbA had a middling frequency (28.30%) and HbBHbB had the least occurrence (7.55%). The observed haemoglobin homozygotness (35.8%) was less than the haemoglobin heterozygotness (64.2%) in the current study. This indicates that environmental conditions, selection system or breeding methods has disturbed the Hardy-Weinberg genetic equilibrium at the Hb locus level in the population of Red Sokoto goats.
Cancer Survivors Could Get Survival Benefits from Postdiagnosis Physical Activity: A Meta-Analysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background . Physical activity presents significant protection against death from cancer in the general population, so the global recommendations on physical activity for health are recommended by the WHO. While the recommendation is a guideline for general population, whether all cancer patients could get benefits from physical activity and whether the cancer patients who did not meet the requirement of the recommendation could get benefits from the physical activity, compared with the cancer patients with no physical activity, are unclear. Accordingly, we conducted a meta-analysis to identify whether the physical activity, even if low level of physical activity, could reduce the mortality of various cancer patients. Method . We conducted a systematic search of PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library for published cohorts and case-control studies of cancer survivors with physical activity comparing with no physical activity and reported outcomes of mortality through October 15, 2018. Two investigators independently reviewed the included studies and extracted relevant data. The effect estimate of interest was the hazard ratios (HRs). Results . There are 21811 participants in total in the nine studies, and 2386 cancer deaths in this meta-analysis. Among them, 1 was a case-control study and 8 were cohort studies. The meta-analysis results showed that physical activity was associated with a significantly reduced risk of mortality in cancer survivors, with a pooled HR and 95% CI of 0.66 (0.58∼0.73), reducing mortality by 34% and also suggested that low level of physical activity could reduce the mortality with an HR and 95% CI of 0.60 (0.50∼0.69). Conclusion . The results of this meta-analysis demonstrated that postdiagnosis physical activity, no matter the level of physical activity, could significantly reduce the mortality by 34%, compared with the no physical activity. At the same time, the results also suggested that cancer survivors undergoing low level of physical activity had a 40% reduction in mortality, which means that the cancer patients with poor ECOG need to do physical activity as much as they can, even if the amount of physical activity was low.
Clinical and epidemiological features of the new coronavirus infection COVID 19 in the central black region

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The article provides an analysis of a large-scale epidemic outbreak caused by human coronaviruses. The epidemiological situation in the world and the Russian Federation is analyzed, which forced specialists to significantly increase the level of epidemiological danger from coronaviruses. The epidemic situations of the incidence in six regions of the Central Black Earth Region are described, the dynamics and regional features of the spread and nature of the course of the new coronavirus infection Covid-19 are generalized and systematized. Some epidemiological aspects of this infection in the territory of the Voronezh region are described. The dynamics of the epidemic process is described and a number of epidemiological indicators are analyzed (daily increase in morbidity and mortality, distribution of the duration of lethal diseases, risk groups, etc.). The clinical and epidemiological features of the combined forms of infections are analyzed: the prevalence of a moderate course, the risk of complications in risk groups. The difficulty of verifying this infection from other viral infections based on the clinical picture, the high virulence and severity of the course has been established. It was shown that the mobilization of health care to combat coronavirus infection revealed the main thing: the health care system has resources and mechanisms through which it is possible to quickly switch to work in extreme conditions. New hospitals and beds, re-equipment with diagnostic and resuscitation equipment, accelerated retraining of doctors. All this was effective evidence that an adequate potential supply of resources will not only reduce the consequences of possible epidemics in the future, but also during the period outside the epidemic will help accelerate the adoption of effective decisions and improve the quality of medical care for the population.
Perceived stress and coping strategies among candidates for heart transplantation during the organ waiting period.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The effectiveness of the transplantation team in diffusing stress during the pretransplantation period is increasingly important the longer the patient remains on the transplant waiting list. This study describes the stressors and coping strategies of heart transplant candidates during the waiting period. Thirty-nine candidates on the active list for heart transplantation from four mid-East Coast transplantation centers participated. With a possible stress score of 0 to 243, the mean score for this sample was a low 72.84 (standard deviation = 37.47). The three most common stressors were (1) requiring a heart transplant, (2) having terminal heart disease, and (3) worrying family members. The three most common coping strategies were (1) thinking positively, (2) using humor, and (3) trying to keep life as normal as possible. The finding of low stress levels was surprising but may reflect the presence of hope or the patient's desire to spare family members worry--a concern commonly cited by patients. Another explanation is that patients desiring to be perceived as ideal transplant recipients may have underreported their stress. This suggests that the transplantation team should support positive coping strategies when possible and that both patient and family coping should be closely monitored throughout the waiting period.
Numerical analysis of plasma arc welding process for aluminium alloy

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

AbstractThree-dimensional time dependent governing equations in non-orthogonal body fitted curvilinear coordinate system for analysis of variable polarity plasma arc welding (VPPAW) process were established. The numerical analysis of VPPAW process for aluminium alloy LF6 was conducted via the developed models, which laid a foundation to guide procedure optimisation for VPPAW process. Functions between temperature and thermophysical properties for aluminium alloy LF6 were established. Fluid flow field, thermophysical properties, temperature field and free surface deformation of the keyhole weld pool were coupled into computation. Effect of wire filling on the geometry of the molten pool and double sided weld reinforcements was considered in the simulation. Dynamic evolutions of geometrical dimensions versus time for both weld pool and keyhole were simulated through the developed computational routines. Moreover, effects of welding current, travel speed and also heat input on geometry and dimensions of the ...
Red/ET recombineering enhances extracellular lipase production by Burkholderia glumae

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract

Background: Microbial lipases are utilized widely in industrial fields, and the LipA lipase produced by Burkholderia glumae PG1 has been used for the production of enantiopure pharmaceuticals. However, efficient lipase expression and secretion are still problematic. LipA is encoded in an operon that also contains the lipase-specific foldase gene lipB. The purpose of this study was to enhance the production of active lipase by overexpressing lipAB in B. glumae PG1 using a host-vector system.Results: The lipAB operon, isolated from the genomic DNA of B. glumae PG1, was directly cloned into broad-host-range vectors, with pBBR1 or pRk2 backbones, using the Red/ET recombination system and then transformed into the original host strain. Lipase activity of the derivative strains, including PG1/Bl and PG1/Rl, were evaluated. When 1% olive oil was included in the growth medium, the maximum activities of the resultant strains were approximately 39.5- and 15.3-fold higher, respectively, than that of the wild-type PG1, indicating that increased lipase gene dosage resulted in high expression yields of lipase. To further enhance lipase expression, two recombinant strains, PG1/Ba and PG1/Ra, were generated with the plasmid-borne lipAB operon driven by the strong constitutive promoter Papra. PG1/Ba and PG1/Ra displayed 15.0- and 4.3-fold improvements in lipase production in 0.5% glucose-containing medium compared to PG1/Bl and PG1/Rl, respectively. However, glucose repressed lipase gene expression in strain PG1 when the native lipAB promoter was used.Conclusions: Homologous expression of lipase genes in B. glumae PG1 was achieved by the use of high-copy expression vectors, and the resulting presence of multiple copies of lipAB significantly improved extracellular lipase expression. Our results demonstrate that modification of B. glumae PG1 can improve this host system for lipase production.
TGN38 recycles basolaterally in polarized Madin-Darby canine kidney cells.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Sorting of newly synthesized plasma membrane proteins to the apical or basolateral surface domains of polarized cells is currently thought to take place within the trans-Golgi network (TGN). To explore the relationship between protein localization to the TGN and sorting to the plasma membrane in polarized epithelial cells, we have expressed constructs encoding the TGN marker, TGN38, in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells. We report that TGN38 is predominantly localized to the TGN of these cells and recycles via the basolateral membrane. Analyses of the distribution of Tac-TGN38 chimeric proteins in MDCK cells suggest that the cytoplasmic domain of TGN38 has information leading to both TGN localization and cycling through the basolateral surface. Mutations of the cytoplasmic domain that disrupt TGN localization also lead to nonpolarized delivery of the chimeric proteins to both surface domains. These results demonstrate an apparent equivalence of basolateral and TGN localization determinants and support an evolutionary relationship between TGN and plasma membrane sorting processes.
Will competition from Meteorus pulchricornis (Wesmael) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) limit the success of the potential biocontrol agent Cotesia urabae Austin & Allen (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)?

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract The competitive ability of the generalist parasitoid Meteorus pulchricornis was compared with that of the proposed new biological control agent Cotesia urabae to determine the impact the former species might have on the ability of the agent to control its host Uraba lugens Walker (Lepidoptera: Nolidae) in New Zealand. Behavioural observations were made of females of each species exposed together to groups of U. lugens larvae. Meteorus pulchricornis did not successfully attack U. lugens in the presence of C. urabae , and the mortality of the host in the presence of M. pulchricornis alone did not differ from mortality when no parasitoids were present. The presence of M. pulchricornis in the same arena did not reduce the impact of C. urabae on U. lugens compared to controls. Field collections of U. lugens larvae found limited evidence of larval parasitism by M. pulchricornis . These results suggest that the resident parasitoid M. pulchricornis is unlikely to interfere with the success of the proposed biological control agent C. urabae , should it be introduced to New Zealand.
Examination of Liquor Amnii as a Method of Predicting Severity of Haemolytic Disease of Newborn

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Very severe= Cord haemoglobin less than 9 g./100 ml., or cord bilirubin over 7 mg./100ml., or overt very severe clinical disease at birth where cord blood values were not known.Moderate=All other infants less severely affected but needing treatment.Mild=Coombs-positive infants who did not require treatment.Rh-negative =Unaffected infants.In a few patients with a bad obstetric history amniocentesis was carried out at 32-33 weeks' gestation and in many others
Investigation of the Er2Se3-Bi2Se3 system

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Methods of physicochemical analysis, namely differential thermal analysis (DTA), high temperature differential thermal analysis (HTTA), X-ray phase analysis (XRD), microstructural analysis (MSA) and microhardness measurements are used to determine the nature of the physicochemical interaction in the Er2Se3-Bi2Se3 ternary system. In the system based on Bi2Se3, solid solutions are formed, the boundaries of which are up to 3 mol% Er2Se3 at room temperature, and at the eutectic temperature it reaches about 8 mol% Er2Se3. The ternary combination of ErBiSe3 with an α-solid solution forms a eutectic, the coordinates of which are 20 mol % Er2Se3 and 810 K.
Ultrasound for Meniere's Disease: Lateral Canal vs Round Window Approach

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Two methods of ultrasound application for treatment of Meniere's disease are compared: lateral canal vs round window approach. The experience of 14 years and 560 cases is evaluated. The percentage of failure for both methods is the same, 20%. The round window method is easier, faster, and more pleasant for the patient. Lateral canal approach, on the other hand, has the advantage of a long follow-up which proved its value. Ultrasound as such, however, has proven itself in treatment of Meniere's disease as a valuable contribution in controlling this bothersome illness.
Health-Related Quality of Life for Pediatric NF1 Patients

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract : The objective of this project is to develop an NF1-specific health-related quality of life (HRQL) instrument for use with pediatric patients. Semistructured interviews with children with NF1, their parents, and teachers were used to derive important domains and item content, and the first generation instrument was developed. This instrument has undergone an initial examination of its psychometric properties and the content was revised accordingly. Following this initial field trial, the second generation instrument will be tested administered in a battery of measures to furthers assess its reliability and validity as well as its applicability in a clinical trials setting. At the conclusion of this third year, we have completed all interviews, transcribed all interviews, and reviewed them for content. This content review was then used to develop the first generation instrument. The instrument was completed by 83 children with NF1 and 83 parents of children with NF1. The resulting responses have been analyzed for internal consistency and feasibility. The instrument demonstrated acceptable internal consistency (coefficient alpha) and was not perceived as either difficult or upsetting to complete. The final task of this project focuses on the test-retest reliability and validity of the instrument. Children with NF1 and their parents will complete the NF1-specific measure, in addition to parent- and self-report measures of behavior, functioning, and generic health-related quality of life.
Predictive mortality factors of Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage: a retrospective study in Tunisia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Diffuse Alveolar Hamorrhage (DAH) is a life-threatening and medical emergency. It causes an acute respiratory failure, sometimes leading to death. Early bronchoscopy and Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) are keystones for diagnosis. Aim: to identify clinical and radiologic mortality factors of DAH among reanimation patients Methods: It was a retrospective case control study. It was conducted from January 2009 to December 2018 in the departments of intensive care units (ICU) and radiology in the hospital of pulmonary diseases Abderrahmane Mami in Ariana, Tunisia. Eligible patients were those having Intra Alveolar Hemorrhage (IAH) confirmed by Broncho Alveolar Lavage (BAL) and those who underwent a computed tomography (CT) of the chest. Data was taken from medical records. Data was analyzed by SPSS version 24. Univariate and multivariate analysis (logistic regression) were performed to identify independent predictive mortality factors. Results: Fifty-nine patients were included in the study. Sex ratio (M/F) was 1.24. Mean age was 48.6 years +/−50.43. Median stay at ICU was 11 days. Forty-one percent had invasive ventilation. One third of the patients were dead in the ICU. Logistic regression found that ratio PaO2/FiO2 <= 100mmHg and invasive ventilation were two independent mortality factors ((AOR = 14.7, 95%CI=[2.06-104.85], p=0.07) and (AOR=11.2, 95%CI=[2.56-49.58],p=0.01), respectively. Conclusion: DAH is a serious complication of multiple disorders. We found that ratio PaO2/FiO2 and invasive ventilation were possible mortality factors. A systemic approach to early diagnosis and treatment could decreased morbidity and mortality
Beneficial effects of Aloe in wound healing

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract The therapeutic effects of Aloe vera have been examined in preventing progressive dermal ischaemia caused by burns, frostbite, electrical injury, distal dying flap and intra‐arterial drug abuse. In vivo analysis of these injuries showed that the mediator of progressive tissue damage was thromboxane A 2 (TxA 2 ). Experimentally Aloe was compared to a variety of antithromboxane agents to include U38450, a lodoxamide, a lazaroid and Carrington wound gel. In the burn injury Aloe was comparable to the lodoxamide and lazaroid with an 82% to 85% tissue survival when compared with the control and the Carrington wound gel ( p =0.05). Tissue survival in the experimental frostbite injury was 28.2% when compared with the control ( p =0.05). Similar results were obtained for the electrical injury, and intra‐arterial drug abuse. Clinically burn patients treated with Aloe healed without tissue loss as did those with frostbite ( p =0.001). In the intra‐arterial drug abuse patients Aloe reversed the tissue necrosis. This therapeutic approach was used to prevent progressive tissue loss in each injury by actively inhibiting the localized production of TxA 2 . Aloe not only acts as a TxA 2 inhibitor but maintains a homeostasis within the vascular endothelium as well as the surrounding tissue.
STUDI KASUSPENGELOLAAN LABORATORIUM SMA LAB SCHOOL UNIVERSITAS SYIAH KUALA BANDA ACEH

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstrak : Laboratorium merupakan salah satu sarana sekolah yang berperan sebagai penunjang peningkatan hasil belajar dan pengembangan pengetahuan siswa. Laboratorium merupakan tempat peserta didik berlatih dan melakukan kontak langsung dengan objek yang dipelajari, baik melalui pengamatan maupun percobaan. Keberadaan laboratorium sangat besar perananannya untuk mengembangkan pengetahuan siswa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat teknik laboratorium di SMA Lab School Banda Aceh. SMA Laboratorium Unsyiah bertempat di Jln. Kuta Inong Balee No. 2 Kampus Darussalam, Banda Aceh. Subjek Penelitian Laboratorium Lab School Banda Aceh. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif eksploratif dengan teknik pembagian wawancara, dan observasi. Studi kasus dilakukan melalui studi lapangan dengan proses kunjungan ke sekolah pada Bulan Desember 2013. Analisis data dilakukan secara kualitatif dan ditampilkan dalam bentuk deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengelolaan laboratorium Lab School Unsyiah sangat baik, mulai dari Infrastruktur, fasilitas, dan peralatan yang digunakan tergolong lengkap, perawatan yang kontinudan tata ruang yang sangat baik. Selain itu administrasi pendanaannya transparan dengan administrasi yang jelas serta managemen perawatan peralatan yang kontinue. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah teknik pengelolaan laboratorium SMA Lab School Unsyiahsangat optimal. Kata Kunci : Studi Kasus, Pengelolaan. Laboratorium.