jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
INCIDENCE AND ETIOLOGY OF RESPRATORY DISTRESS IN LOW BIRTH WEIGHT NEONATES BORN IN RURAL TERTIARY CARE CENTRE.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background : To Study The Incidence And Etiology Of Respratory Distress In Low Birth Weight Neonates Born In Rural Tertiary Care Centre. Methods: This is a prospective observational study. It was carried out in neonatal division of department Of pediatrics MMIMSR, Mullana. The study included 200 low birth weight neonates born during the study period. Results: Out of 200 neonates 63 had respiratory distress. The incidence of respiratory distress in index study was 31.5%. According to weight distribution the incidence of respiratory distress among neonates with 1.5kg to 2.499kg was 27.6% , 1kg to <1.5kg was 57.1% and <1kg was 100%. According to gestation the incidence of respiratory distress among term was 29.8% and preterm was 33.6%. The most common cause of respiratory distress was transient tachypnea of newborn(33.8%) followed by hyaline membrane disease(24.1%), sepsis(17.7%), apnea(9.6%), CVS disorder(6.4%). Conclusion: Low birth weight and preterm deliveries are at higher risk for morbidity during and after the birth. Early antenatal care will greatly reduce the incidence of respiratory distress syndrome in neonates. The incidence increases as birth weight and gestation decreases in neonates Due to recent medical advances and skilled clinical practice the incidence of RDS has decreased. Transient tachypnea of newborn remains the main etiology of respiratory distress in neonates.
Vitamin D–Binding Protein and Vitamin D in Blacks and Whites

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Powe et al. reported that black participants and white participants have different vitamin D requirements on the basis of the circulating concentration of vitamin D-binding protein.The authors used an assay for vitamin D-binding protein that is untested for the key measurement in their study.This assay is based on a primary monoclonal antibody produced against a single peptide fragment of the human vitamin D-binding protein.2][3] The problem is that the monoclonal-antibody assay gives lower values in blacks who have primarily the Gc1F variant of vitamin D-binding protein.The monoclonal antibody discriminates between the Gc1F and Gc1S variants to provide artificially low values for total vitamin D-binding protein in blacks, thus bringing the conclusion of this study into question.As shown in Figure S4 in the Supplementary Appendix (available with the full text of the article at NEJM.org), "calculated" concentrations of bio-available 25hydroxyvitamin D correlate well with physically measured concentrations in participants homozygous for either the Gc1F or Gc1S variant, but the slopes of the relationships are very different.Specifically, for any given physically measured level of bio-available 25hydroxyvitamin D, the authors are overestimating bio-available 25-hydroxyvitamin D by 2 to 2.5 times owing to underestimation of vitamin D-binding protein in blacks.
Molecular species in the protein body II (PB-II) of developing rice endosperm.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The molecular weight and subunit composition of glutelin, the major storage protein of rice, in the major type of protein bodies of developing rice seeds was examined by gradient and twodimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Glutelin in the protein body was the assembled from heterogeneous subunits, and the molecular weights were estimated to be 64, 140, 240, 320, 380, and 500k by gradient SDS-PAGE. High molecular weight proteins (larger than 2, 000k) were also observed. The two-dimensional SDS-PAGE under reduced conditions showed, that the glutelin in the protein body was composed of two groups of polypeptides, 22-23 and 37-39k, bound by disulfide linkages.
Postencephalitic Parkinson Syndrome after Meningoencephalitis Due to Coxsackie Virus Group B, Type 2

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

THE purpose of the present communication is to A report a case of meningoencephalitis in which Coxsackie virus Group B, Type 2, was isolated from the stools and in which a significantly high and further-rising antibody titer was demonstrated during the early course of an illness that did not terminate in recovery but resulted in a still persisting and progressing disability.Since the discovery of the Coxsackie viruses by Dalldorf and Sickles1 in 1948 and the subsequent isolation of at least 24 types of ECHO viruses, an increasing correlation of diseases with these initially "orphaned" agents has taken place. No . . .
Metallicity of stars formed throughout the cosmic history based on the observational properties of star forming galaxies

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Metallicity is one of the crucial factors that determine stellar evolution. To characterize the properties of stellar populations one needs to know the fraction of stars forming at different metallicities. Knowing how this fraction evolves over time is necessary e.g. to estimate the rates of occurrence of any stellar evolution related phenomena (e.g. double compact object mergers, gamma ray bursts). Such theoretical estimates can be confronted with observational limits to validate the assumptions about the evolution of the progenitor system leading to a certain transient. However, to perform the comparison correctly one needs to know the uncertainties related to the assumed star formation history and chemical evolution of the Universe. We combine the empirical scaling relations and other observational properties of the star forming galaxies to construct the distribution of the cosmic star formation rate density at different metallicities and redshifts. We address the question of uncertainty of this distribution due to currently unresolved questions, such as the absolute metallicity scale, the flattening in the star formation--mass relation or the low mass end of the galaxy mass function. We find that the fraction of stellar mass formed at metallicities <10% solar (>solar) since z=3 varies by ~18% (~26%) between the extreme cases considered in our study. This uncertainty stems primarily from the differences in the mass metallicity relations obtained with different methods. We confront our results with the local core-collapse supernovae observations. Our model is publicly available.
Examining the Asymmetric Impacts of Interest and Exchange Rate on Investment in Egypt for the Period 1976-2020: Applying NARDL Model

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Most of the studies conducted in the past decades focused on the effect of interest rates and exchange rates on domestic investment under the assumption that the independent variables have the same effect on the dependent variable, but there were limited studies that investigated the unequal effects of changes in interest rates and exchange rates, both positive and negative, on domestic investment. This study used a nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) model to assess the unequal effects of the real interest rate and real exchange rate variables on domestic investment in Egypt for the period 1976 - 2020. The results revealed that positive and negative shocks for both exchange rates have unequal effects on investment in the long and short term. In addition, the stability of the nonlinear model was tested using recursive estimate tests and found to be stable.
Synthesis of Artificial Nucleotides for Biological Applications

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

This thesis explores the synthesis of nucleotides, the building blocks of DNA and RNA, two essential molecules in living cells. One project focused on developing a more effective ligand for orotidine-5’-monophosphate decarboxylase (OMPDC), a highly efficient enzyme that functions without cofactors. Despite its efficiency, the enzymatic mechanism is not yet fully understood. To gain deeper insights into the human OMPDC-substrate complex, we studied both known and novel analogues of the substrate (OMP) and product (UMP), aiming to design a more effective OMPDC inhibitor. The second project investigated phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligonucleotides (PMOs), promising nucleic acid analogues for gene modulation and therapeutic applications. However, PMOs contain a chiral phosphorus centre, leading to diastereomeric mixtures that may vary in biological activity. To address this challenge, we explored a novel methanediamine-based linker as a non-chiral alternative, revisited the synthesis of the known carbamate linker, and expanded the nucleobase alphabet for the reported glycine linker.
Dampak Penggunaan Media Sosial terhadap Interaksi Sosial Masyarakat: Studi Literature

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Mobile phones are a technological advancement that keeps up with the times. They are accompanied by the expansion of the internet, which has given rise to social media as a place for user interaction. The keywords "Social media impact," "The Impact of Social Media on Public Interaction," "Social media," "Community Social Interaction," and "The Impact of Social Media on Community Social Interaction" were used in this literature review study using the Google search engine and Google Scholar. This study's conclusion is that social media has both beneficial and harmful effects in real life. It can improve friendship networks, foster greater cooperation, lessen conflict, and have other positive effects. Direct engagement declines, disagreements increase as a result of social media's negative affects, and social media has the potential to alienate close friends and family members. Therefore, measures must be made to lessen the negative effects of social media use, including monitoring and controlling how youngsters use social media as a communication tool, using social media intelligently, and providing counseling as needed.
The Factors Associated with Nomophobia Among Bachelor of Nursing Students at Universitas Muhammadiyah Purwokerto

Field: Nursing (Health Sciences)

Background: Mobile phones have become essential tools for students due to their ability to meet various educational demands and provide access to a wealth of information. Excessive use and dependence on smartphones have also led to a new problem known as nomophobia. Nomophobia is a term derived from the phrase "no mobile phone phobia," which is related to the fear or distress experienced by individuals when they lose or cannot use their smartphones. Objective: This study aims to determine the factors associated with nomophobia among Bachelor of Nursing students at Universitas Muhammadiyah Purwokerto. Method: This quantitative research used a cross-sectional approach. The study sample comprised 92 Bachelor of Nursing students aged 18-24, selected using stratified random sampling. Data analysis included univariate and bivariate analyses using the Chi-Square test. Results: The analysis showed an association between nomophobia and the following factors: learning fatigue with a p-value of 0.029 (less than 0.05), self-esteem with a p-value of 0.012 (less than 0.05), loneliness with a p-value of 0.035 (less than 0.05), and smartphone usage intensity with a p-value of 0.001 (less than 0.05). Conclusion: A correlation exists between learning fatigue, self-esteem, loneliness, and smartphone usage intensity with nomophobia among Bachelor of Nursing students at Universitas Muhammadiyah Purwokerto.
Le reti neurali in problemi di classificazione: una soluzione basata sui metodi di segmentazione binaria

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper the use of neural networks in the solution of a classification problem is described and a non parametric classifier which combines radial basis function networks (RBF networks) and binary classification trees is proposed. It is shown that from a classification tree a class of RBF networks can be derived, whose elements differ in the degree of dependence from the discriminant rules described by the tree. A simulation study based on a two-class problem shows that the proposal represents a valid solution, particularly in presence of noisy variables.
Comparative Evaluation of the in Vitro Fermentation Characteristics of Selected Non-digestible Oligosaccharides and Non-starch Polysaccharides Using Caecal Microbial Inoculum from Broilers

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

An in vitro experiment in comparison of fermentation characteristics of selected non-digestible oligosaccharides(NDO) and non-starch polysaccharides(NSP) was conducted using caecal microbial inoculum from broilers fed an antibiotics-free diet.The results showed that the total production of SCFA from the fermentation of NDO was higher than that of NSP.The fermentability ranked in the order of RaffinoseStachyoseFructooligosaccharides(FOS)mannanoligosaccharides(MOS) in NDO and ranked in the order of Wheat NSPSoybean meal NSPCorn NSPWheat bran NSP Cellulose in NSP.In addition,the molar percentage of acetate from the fermentation of NSP was higher,whereas the percentage of propionate from that of NDO was higher.Compared with insoluble NSP,the fermentation characteristics of soluble NSP was closer to that of NDO.
LDL-Cholesterol Lowering of Plant Sterols and Stanols—Which Factors Influence Their Efficacy?

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) lowering effect of plant sterols/stanols (PSS) is summarized in several meta-analyses showing a dose-response relationship with intakes of 1.5 to 3 g/day lowering LDL-C by 7.5% to 12%. This review summarizes evidence for the impact of various factors potentially influencing the LDL-C-lowering efficacy of PSS. PSS are efficacious in all food formats and in food supplements. Some factors related to food format, e.g., solid vs. liquid foods, seem to impact efficacy, while there is no difference between free PSS and esters. Compared to multiple daily intakes, once-a-day intake of PSS, especially in the morning with light breakfast, leads to a sub-optimal LDL-C lowering. However, intake frequency seems influenced by intake occasion, i.e., with or without a meal, and time of day. Meal intake is a critical factor for an optimal LDL-C lowering efficacy of PSS. While age has no impact, gender is suggested to influence the LDL-C lowering effect of PSS with greater reductions reported for men than women; but overall evidence is inconclusive and larger studies show no gender by treatment interaction. In conclusion, PSS are efficacious in all foods and food supplements; for optimal efficacy they should be consumed with a (main) meal and twice daily.
Appendix A: Data of Test Systems

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

EMD53986 [5-(1,2,3,4-tetra-hydroquinolin-6-yl)-6-methyl-3,6-dihydro-1,3,4-thiadiazin-2-one] (Figure A.1) is a chiral precursor for a pharmaceutical reagent.After chemical synthesis, it is present as a racemic mixture of the Rand S-enantiomers.The target component for the separation is the R-enantiomer.Given below are the separation conditions (Table A.1) and typical model parameters (Tables A.2 and A.3) used in this book (Jupke, 2004;Epping, 2005).Eluent: ethanol (gradient grade), LiChrosolv 1 , 99-100%, Merck (Darmstadt) Adsorbent: Chiralpak AD, Daicel (Japan) (Amylose-tris[3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamet]-phase) Temperature: 25 C HETP correlation
Peer Review #2 of "Oxygen-limited metabolism in the methanotroph Methylomicrobium buryatense 5GB1C (v0.1)"

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

The bacteria that grow on methane aerobically (methanotrophs) support populations of non-methanotrophs in the natural environment by excreting methane-derived carbon.One group of excreted compounds are short-chain organic acids, generated in highest abundance when cultures are grown under O 2 -starvation.We examined this O 2 -starvation condition in the methanotroph Methylomicrobium buryatense 5GB1.The M. buryatense 5GB1 genome contains homologs for all enzymes necessary for a fermentative metabolism, and we hypothesize that a metabolic switch to fermentation can be induced by low-O 2 conditions.Under prolonged O 2 -starvation in a closed vial, this methanotroph increases the amount of acetate excreted about 10-fold, but the formate, lactate, and succinate excreted do not respond to this culture condition.In bioreactor cultures, the amount of each excreted product is similar across a range of growth rates and limiting substrates, including O 2 -limitation.A set of mutants were generated in genes predicted to be involved in generating or regulating excretion of these compounds and tested for growth defects, and changes in excretion products.The phenotypes and associated metabolic flux modeling suggested that in M. buryatense 5GB1, formate and acetate are excreted in response to redox imbalance.Our results indicate that even under O 2starvation conditions, M. buryatense 5GB1 maintains a metabolic state representing a combination of fermentation and respiration metabolism.
Biological Properties of Staphylococcal Enterotoxin-Like Toxin Type R

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT We investigated the biological properties of a novel staphylococcal enterotoxin-like putative toxin, staphylococcal enterotoxin-like toxin type R (SElR). Major histocompatibility complex class II molecules were required for T-cell stimulation by SElR. SElR stimulated T cells bearing receptors Vβ 3, 11, 12, 13.2, and 14. These results suggested that SElR acts as a superantigen.
[Formation of postoperative hematoma directly under a silastic dural substitute].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Several cases of spontaneous hematoma formation occurred under the Silastic dural substitute were reported with CT-scan and recraniotomy findings. In overall analysis, an incidence of the spontaneous hematoma formation was 35.1% in cases of artificial dural grafting with Silastic sheeting and none with autogenous temporal fascia. On CT-scan the hematoma showed localized high density area severely convex toward underlying brain. At recraniotomy, the hematoma consisted of massive clot presented locally beneath the dural substitute. As it depressed sharply underlying brain, it tends to having shown heavy clinical symptoms in comparison with a volume of clot. Neomembrane formed under the artificial graft seemed the most probable bleeding source.
Learning Science for Pre-School and Elementary School Pupils Through Mini-Science Practicum at Rumah Pintar Mingguan Kreatif Ampang, Kuranji District, Padang

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This activity aims to improve the ability and to increase the interest of children coming from low-income families at Rumah Pintar Mingguan Kreatif Ampang (RPM Ampang) to learn science through mini-science experiments. This practicum consists of two topics; the phenomenon of an erupting volcano and the inflation of a balloon without being blown up. This activity was attended by 31 pupils, and 5 RPM volunteers. The result of this community service activity is an increase in children's interest and motivation in the field of science, as well as an understanding of a topic through direct practicum using simple tools and materials to make learning more meaningful. In addition, RPM will make this mini science practicum activity a monthly routine activity in the RPM community with assistance from Universitas Sumatera Barat’s team to mentor their volunteers so that RPM can independently perform science experiments in the future. Keywords — Science experiment, Rumah Pintar, pre-school children, education disparity, chemistry
Cost Effective Water Shut-Off: Slickline Conveyed High Expansion Ratio Through Tubing Bridge Plug

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract In the recent low oil price environment, a cost-effective solution was proposed to use through tubing bridge plugs to perform water-shut-off (WSO) in an offshore field. The solution consisted of using slickline to set a plug with a high expansion ratio followed by a cement dump. After three WSO jobs in different wells, the method has successfully proven itself. Watercut was reduced from 100% to 0% with a minimal cost of only USD100,000. The through tubing bridge plug used is capable of passing through 2-7/8-in. tubing and expanding into 9-5/8-in. casing. After running a Gamma-Ray log, the plug was set across the perforation interval to give the anchor contact with a rough casing surface. The top of the plug, however, was above the perforation interval and became the base for cement. Cement was then continuously dumped on top using a slickline dump bailer in a static condition until the designed cement height was reached. Static conditions ensured no movement of cement during operation. The plug differential pressure limit is directly proportional to the cement height. The first WSO job was a complete success with watercut reduced from 100% to 0%. The second job however, was partially successful as the cement dump was not completed due to unexpected appearance of a hold-up-depth (HUD). The HUD was created by leftover cement which had accumulated at the end of the tubing. Despite the setbacks, the end result was successful in reducing water production from 1000 bwpd to 200 bwpd. The third job faced a completely different problem. The original plug fell off deeper into the well after it was set. To rectify the situation, a second plug was set at the target interval. Despite the successful execution, there was no change in watercut after the well was brought back online. Since the same method was proposed for another upcoming well, Memory-Production log (MPLT) coupled with Temperature-Noise log was performed to assess the effectiveness of the WSO. The log results confirmed that the WSO was successful and the post job water production was caused by channeling behind the casing. The results so far concluded that the through tubing bridge plug WSO method was both reliable and cost-effective. It is exceptionally suitable for zones located at the bottom of a well and can be deployed using slickline. The paper provides valuable insight to a WSO solution which should be a first-choice option due to its relatively inexpensive cost and high reliability. The solution has proven to provide tremendous cost saving for production enhancement activity.
A comrade-matrix-based derivation of the eight versions of fast cosine and sine transforms

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The paper provides a full self-contained derivation of fast algorithms to compute discrete Cosine and Sine transforms I - IV. For the Sine I/II and Cosine I/II transforms a unified derivation based on the concept of the comrade matrix is presented. The comrade matrices associated with different versions of the transforms differ in only a few boundary elements; hence, in each case algorithms can be derived in a unified manner. The algorithm is then modified to compute Sine III/IV and Cosine III/IV transforms as well. The resulting algorithms for the versions III/IV are direct and recursive, such algorithms were missing in the existing literature. Finally, formulas reducing Cosine and Sine transforms of the types III and IV to each other are presented.