jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
About Buying a Fake Version of a Counterfeit £10 Note

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

During the 2010 documentary Exit Through the Gift Shop, the English artist Banksy, speaking with an altered voice, shows to the cameraman and co-star of the film Thierry Guetta boxes full of fake £10 banknotes. On the note instead of Queen Elizabeth is depicted Lady Diana. After the movie, the Di-Faced Tenner becomes an object particularly coveted by art enthusiasts or simple last hour fans of Banksy. Fake Tenners started circulating on eBay: full-fledged fake fakes. The boundary between authentic and fake in Banksy’s work becomes very blurred. The Di-Faced Tenner’s story becomes just one of many examples of how the whole of the English artist’s work moves on that border, making his fortune, but also that of others. The paper covers the entire history of the Tenner through articles, archive news and specialized forums. The false Di-Faced Tenner, which is the counterfeiting of a counterfeit, is just one of the many pieces that allow the Bristol artist to sell his originals at such high prices. Through the Tenner’s path, the research attempts to demonstrate how the concept of Fake in Banksy’s work is a fundamental aspect of his commercial success.
Expression and significance of HSG/Mfn2 and P21 WAF1 in non-small cell Lung cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To investigate the expression of hyperplasia suppressor gene(HSG)/mitofusin 2 (Mfn2)and P21 WAF1 in non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC).Methods The expression of(HSG/Mfn2)and P21 WAF1 was detected in 92 cases of NSCLC samples by immunohistochemistry(SP).Results The absorptance value of the expression of HSG/Mfn2 in squamous cell carcinoma,adenocarcinoma,and non-cancer tissue were 15.06±2.73,12.21±2.96 and 10.36±3.60,respectively(P<0.05),and they were associated with tumor differentiation.The absorptanee valtue of the expression of P21 WAF1 in squamous cell carcinoma,adenocarcinoma,and non-cancer tissue were 3.16±0.98,3.44±0.22,0.06±0.32.The expression of P21 WAF1 in squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma Was higher than that in non-cancer tissue(P<0.05),and was closely associated with tumor differ-entiation and lymph node metastasis.Conclusion HSG/Mfn2,P21WAF1 is closely related to the pathogenesis and development of lung cancer.There is positive correlation between the HSG/Mfn2 and P2l WAF1 in lung cancer.

Key words:
Non-small cell lung cancer; Hyperplasia suppressor gene/Mitofusin2; P21 WAF1 protein
Financial Market Dynamics

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Distributions derived from non-extensive Tsallis statistics are closely connected with dynamics described by a nonlinear Fokker-Planck equation. The combination shows promise in describing stochastic processes with power-law distributions and superdiffusive dynamics. We investigate intra-day price changes in the S&P500 stock index within this framework by direct analysis and by simulation. We find that the power-law tails of the distributions, and the index's anomalously diffusing dynamics, are very accurately described by this approach. Our results show good agreement between market data, Fokker-Planck dynamics, and simulation. Thus the combination of the Tsallis non-extensive entropy and the nonlinear Fokker-Planck equation unites in a very natural way the power-law tails of the distributions and their superdiffusive dynamics.
Pressure driven tearing and interchange modes in the reversed field pinch

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

In this work, the magneto-hydro-dynamic stability of pressure driven modes in the reversed field pinch has been analyzed. It is shown that at low and intermediate β's, i.e., typically for values below 20-25%, the tearing parity is dominant, while only at very high β, well above the achieved experimental values, at least part of the modes are converted to ideal interchange instabilities. Before their transition to ideal instabilities, according to their Lundquist number scaling, they can be classified as resistive-g modes.
Intracellular Trafficking and the Cytoskeleton

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Barely more than a year ago, Trina Schroer, one of the Senior Editors of Traffic, pursuaded me to serve as Guest Editor for a series of reviews about a relatively underrepresented topic for the journal – roles for the cytoskeleton in intracellular trafficking. Thanks to the efforts of four sets of contributors, Peter Baas and Vidaya Nadar, José Sotelo-Silveira, Phil Leopold and Kevin Pfister, and Gideon Lansbergen and Anna Akhmanova, Trina's idea has come to fruition in the present issue of Traffic. The principal theme of the contributors' papers is microtubules, which serve as highways for the rapid, motor protein-dependent transport of a rich variety of intracellular cargo. Baas and Nadar focus on the axon, most of whose proteins and lipids are synthesized in the neuronal cell body and must be delivered quickly and efficiently along microtubules to the distal reaches of the axon. In a large animal like human beings, axons can be more than a meter long, a mere pittance compared to axons in leviathans like giraffes and great blue whales. Intriguingly, the Baas and Nadar review deals primarily with the transport mechanisms that supply the axon with microtubules. As a counterpoint, Sotelo-Silveira discusses protein synthesis that does occur in axons, and how the pertinent synthetic machinery may reach the axon interior. Leopold and Pfister take a different tack by reviewing how microtubules and their attendant dynein motors are critical for viral infectivity. Finally, Lansbergen and Akhmanova explore yet another critical aspect of microtubules for intracellular transport – how their dynamics are controlled by proteins that cap and stabilize their distal ends, and thereby prevent the transport tracks from disappearing. The whimsical cover figure of this issue captures the spirit of these reviews by emphasizing mechanisms for transport of mcirotubules into axons, and of viruses to the perinuclear region. On behalf of the contributors, and the Editorial Board and production staff of Traffic, I hope you enjoy these timely and inciteful reviews.
Yokukansan Enhances Pentobarbital-Induced Sleep in Socially Isolated Mice: Possible Involvement of GABAA – Benzodiazepine Receptor Complex

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract.: In the present study, we investigated the effect of the Kampo medicine Yokukansan (YKS) on pentobarbital-induced sleep in group-housed and socially isolated mice. Socially isolated mice showed shorter sleeping time than the group-housed mice. YKS (300 mg/kg, p.o.) prolonged the pentobarbital-induced sleeping time in socially isolated mice without affecting pentobarbital sleep in group-housed mice. The prolongation of sleeping time by YKS was reversed by bicuculline (3 mg/kg, i.p.) and flumazenil (3 mg/kg, i.p.), but not WAY100635. These findings suggest that the GABAA – benzodiazepine receptor complex, but not 5-HT1A receptors, is involved in the reversal effect of YKS on the decrease of pentobarbital sleep by social isolation. Keywords:: sleep, social isolation, Yokukansan
Cost savings of biosimilars in oncology: A single institution experience.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

10 Background: Biosimilar medications have increasingly gained regulatory approvals in recent years. Numerous conditions in the fields of hematology, oncology, rheumatology, and endocrinology have a biosimilar treatment option available. Some biosimilar agents can be obtained at a significantly lower cost than reference medications. Methods: Intermountain Healthcare Oncology Pharmacy and Therapeutics (P&T) committee manages and maintains the formulary of accepted drugs. The committee consists of pharmacists, medical oncologists and oncology nurses. Biosimilar medications were approved in place of reference medications for the following: pegfilgrastim, bevacizumab, trastuzumab, and rituximab. Results: Annually, we administer about 6,450 combined doses of pegfilgastrim, bevacizumab, trastuzumab, and rituximab. Assuming 70% conversion from the reference medication to biosimilar agent, transitioning from the above listed reference medications to biosimilar would save an estimated $6.3 million annually (Table). This includes a $1.75 million savings from transitioning to rituximab alone. In addition, transitioning trastuzumab from a single dose vial to multi-dose vials is estimated to save an addition $730,000. Conclusions: Biosimilar agents can reduce the cost of oncology care to patients treated at our institution. We are utilizing biosimilar agents as part of our ongoing mission to decrease the financial toxicity of treatment for patients with cancer. [Table: see text]
A Controlled Study of the Peer Group Approach to Drug Education

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a peer oriented drug education program on the knowledge, attitudes and drug use of high school students. A study was conducted with students in grade 9 in two Ontario schools, with one group receiving six periods of drug education and the control school none at all. The peer-oriented program led to more knowledge about drugs, but no differences in the use of drugs or in attitudes. It is concluded that some education programs, including the one tested here can increase knowledge without affecting attitudes.
The Aural-Visual "Symbiosis" in the Poetry of Publilius Optatianus Porfyrius (Towards the Disentanglement of the Mystery of Late Ancient Expansive Grid-Verse)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Clanek pojednava o basnicke sbirce Publilia Optatiana Porfyria, relativně malo znameho pozdně antickeho autora figuralni poezie. Optatianovo dilo je nejprve představeno v kontextu vývoje daneho žanru od jeho pocatků až do soucasnosti. Optatianovy figuralni skladby jsou dale analyzovany jak z hlediska obsahu, tak zvlastě po strance formalni. V neposledni řadě clanek pojednava o Optatianově zachazeni s jazykem jako systemem, a to na pozadi strukturalisticke lingvistiky a semiotiky.
Versatility and Periyapuranam

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Man sets up safe habitats to protect himself from the forces of nature. He also believed that science could help us solve problems in our daily lives. Man is making great achievements today because of his scientific progress. Astronomical research, medicine, and other technical research are constructed through science. Therefore, how the human body is structured, its movement, the forces required for movement, and all such things have been explained by science, and the benefits of science to improve daily life and protect human lives are immense. Sekkizhar's epic Thiruthondar Puranam demonstrates that he was a great artist. The arts have a special place in the Periyapuranam which is also known as national literature. The purpose of this article is to understand the scientific techniques in the fields of dance, song, sculpture, building, education, medicine, astrology, etc., through the Periyapuranam of that period.
A Comparative study on ECG changes among normal and otherwise healthy congenitally deaf children

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Congenital deafness is usually seen to be associated with number of heart diseases. Screening congenitally deaf children with ECG can give us an insight on unidentified congenitally associated heart disease. Aim and objective: To study the ECG changes in congenitally deaf children and compare with normal children of the same age group. Materials and methods: We conducted a community based cross sectional analytical study with a sample size of 120 subjects out of which 60 were children from deaf school as cases and 60 were children from normal school with normal hearing as controls. Both the groups had 30 males and 30 females. 12 lead ECG was taken, studied and compared among the two groups. Results: Deaf children showed significant ECG changes like long QTc (16.7%), left axis deviation (3.3%), right axis deviation (1.6%), clockwise rotation (8.33%), anticlockwise rotation (5%), QRS complex abnormalities (45%), T wave inversions (45%). Conclusion: Our study was able to pick up numerous changes in ECG of deaf children. Yet the findings are inconclusive. Further genetic and thorough cardiac evaluation is necessary to comprehensively establish the relation between co-occurrence of ECG changes and congenital sensorineural deafness.
Realization and application of numerical simulating program (G3)for field flow of goaf

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A numerical model for safety analysis, such as the analysis of gas, spontaneous combustion, in goaf is established based on air leakage flow equation for inhomogeneous porous medium, seepage and diffusion equation for split phase gas,(such as gas, oxygen and carbon monoxide), and seepage integrative heat transfer equation for porous medium, at the same time, a computer program, G3, is developed on the basis of the simultaneousness and solve by using windward finite element method. According to the solving examples of the goaf with Y-type ventilation fashion, program G3 can adapt all kinks of complicated boundary conditions, and the graph distribution solve of the variations of every phase gas and temperature in the goaf while the working face is being mined are also can be given. Goaf is considered as heterogeneous media in G3, and the coupling function between gas effusion and spontaneous combustion is also been taken into account. G3 can show the influence relationship of working face advance and air quantity and so on factors. G3 has many advantages, such as good operability, simulating tests can be done according to all kinds of conditions, describing the flow state of goaf air leakage in theory easily, dynamic describing the distribution state and variation process of the concentration and temperature of gas, oxygen and carbine monoxide. 7figs., 16refs.
Employment relations in Latin America

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This chapter develops a framework for studying employment relations (ER) in Latin America and, in the process, indicates how we might analyse ER more broadly in other emerging market economies. Employment relations is often understood in the context of strategic interactions among employers, labour and state representatives in the formal labour market. This, no doubt, captures a large share of ER dynamics in Latin America. But almost half of all workers in the region labour in the informal sector, where most labour laws do not apply. In addition, the national context has a strong influence on ER dynamics, which is felt not only through the legacies of Iberian colonisation and resulting systems of civil law, but also through legacies of state corporatism and authoritarian rule. Finally, international influences have a particularly strong impact on ER, with a growing share of workers employed in MNC-led global supply chains. Yet, within these common trends, there are persistent variations, notably between larger and more economically advanced countries and smaller and less developed countries. Trade union density varies between 38 per cent in Argentina and three per cent in Guatemala, while collective bargaining coverage varies between over 40 per cent in Brazil and under two per cent in Paraguay.
Revising Revisionism: A New Look at American Communism

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Although the Communist Party USA (CPUSA) never became a major player in American political life, it was a significant participant in mainstream politics and the trade union movement in the 1930s and 1940s whose activities evoked tremendous passions among both supporters and opponents. It has also been the focus of sustained attention by historians. An online bibliography of scholarly writing about domestic American communism has more than 9,000 entries, listing hundreds of dissertations and books as well as thousands of published articles, many added in the last decade. This enormous corpus of works on a political movement that never enlisted more than 88,000 members is filled with fierce debates between “revisionists” convinced that their subjects have been marginalized or unfairly denigrated and opponents less enamored with the role the CPUSA played in American life. The first substantial group of scholarly works on the CPUSA, the ten-book “Communism in American Life” series sponsored by the Fund for the Republic, appeared during the late 1950s and early 1960s. In particular, Theodore Draper’s The Roots of American Communism (Viking Press, 1957) and American Communism and Soviet Russia: The Formative Period (1960) unearthed the political history of the CPUSA to 1929 with a detail and understanding still Acad. Quest. (2009) 22:452–462 DOI 10.1007/s12129-009-9131-9
Effect of postharvest pretreatments on organic Early Superior Seedless "Sugraone" table grapes assigned to long term storage

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Every year a significant amount of organic table grapes is lost during postharvest mainly due to the incidence of decay, stem browning and fast alteration of the taste and aroma. The demand for this fresh product with immaculate appearance and high sensory quality in terms of flavor, is a hard challenge considering the difficulties to conserve them, with alternative safe treatments to the sulphur dioxide (SO2) which is not allowed in organic product. The aim of this experiment was to maintain the quality of organic table grapes and extend their shelf-life for medium and long term, in order to reach new distant promising markets, by using safe methods. The effectiveness of the combination of pretreatment with Generally Recognized As Safe (GRAS) compounds, physical means and storage under modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) were performed by using detached organic table grape berries as alternatives to usual industrial SO2 application. The detached organic Early Superior Seedless "Sugraone" berries were pretreated by: i) dipping in ethanol and potassium bicarbonate; ii) massive CO2 concentrations; iii) ozone (O3) fumigation; whereas, untreated berries were included in the trial as control. Moreover, all the samples were packed in thermo-sealed ALPAK bags with MAP of 2% O2:5% CO2:93% N2 and stored at 0°C for 45 days. Initially and after 15, 30 and 45 days of storage, weight loss, decay incidence, berry/skin firmness, pedicel detachment force, skin color parameters, SSC, pH, titratable acidity and sensory evaluation scores, were monitored. After 45 days of storage, the weight loss was higher in the sample pretreated with massive CO2 concentration at 70 - 90 % and the control. The samples pretreated with CO2 at 70% and O3 at 20 ppm maintained the strength of the berry linked to its pedicel, also the berry and skin firmness were statistically higher in samples pretreated with CO2 at 90 - 70% and O3 at 20 ppm in comparison with the control. The skin color parameters and titratable acidity decreased, while, pH increased in all samples in comparison with their initial value. Also, the SSC increased in samples treated with O3 at 20 ppm, CO2 at 70% and dipping. Finally, the sensory evaluation scores gave the decisive data for the selection of the best combination treatments in order to validate their efficiency and that of the film packaging on late season organic table grape "Scarlotta/Sugraninteen". The highest scores for crunchiness, firmness, sweetness and sourness were given to samples pretreated by dipping. In conclusion, the efficiency of both film packaging and MAP inhibited the occurrence of berries decay in all samples including the control. These preliminary results represent the first step to design a treatment approach and develop a postharvest protocol for organic table grapes assigned to long term storage or shipping.
On the Efficiency of Fair and Truthful Trade Mechanisms

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

We consider the impact of fairness requirements on the social efficiency of truthful mechanisms for trade, focusing on Bayesian bilateral-trade settings. Unlike the full information case in which all gains-from-trade can be realized and equally split between the two parties, in the private information setting, equitability has devastating welfare implications (even if only required to hold ex-ante). We thus search for an alternative fairness notion and suggest requiring the mechanism to be KS-fair: it must ex-ante equalize the fraction of the ideal utilities of the two traders. We show that there is always a KS-fair (simple) truthful mechanism with expected gains-from-trade that are half the optimum, but always ensuring any better fraction is impossible (even when the seller value is zero). We then restrict our attention to trade settings with a zero-value seller and a buyer with valuation distribution that is Regular or MHR, proving that much better fractions can be obtained under these conditions, with simple posted-price mechanisms.
High Prevalence of Zinc Deficiency and Stunting Found in Children Aged 6-60 Months in Rural Honduras

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: Zinc is an essential trace mineral and its importance in growth and immune function has been established in young children; however, little is known about the prevalence of zinc deficiency in Honduras.Purpose: The purpose was to determine 1) the prevalence of zinc deficiency and its association with child growth parameters and 2) demographic, socioeconomic, health, and nutrition risk factors associated with zinc deficiency within children aged 6-60 months in rural Honduras.Design: The randomized cross-sectional study was conducted in two rural Honduran health regions: Montaña de la Flor and Santa Maria. Hair samples were used to determine zinc status. <-2 z-score was used to determine stunting (height-for-age); wasting (weightfor- height); and underweight (weight-for-age). Zinc deficiency was defined as <70 μg/g and marginal deficiency as 70-100 μg/g. Bivariate correlations and chi square analysis were used to determine associations between zinc metrics and growth status.Results: There were 217 children aged 6-60 months (56.7% female) that participated. Hair samples were obtained from 179 children. Fifteen percent of children were zinc deficient and 26% were marginally deficient. Sixty percent of children were stunted, 4% wasted, and 16% underweight. No statistically significant associations were seen between zinc deficiency and growth status or gender.Conclusion: There was a high prevalence of zinc deficiency and a very high prevalence of stunting within children in the regions evaluated. This information will be used to support the Honduran Ministry of Health’s goal of improving the nutritional status of children and will help direct limited resources and nutrition programs to areas most in need.