jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Syngenetic

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The objective of the “Glossary of terms used in ecotoxicology” is to give clear definitions for those who contribute to studies relevant to ecotoxicology but are not themselves ecotoxicologists. This objective applies especially to chemists who need to understand the ecotoxicological literature without recourse to a multiplicity of dictionaries. The glossary includes terms related to chemical speciation in the environment, sampling, monitoring, and environmental analysis, as well as to adverse ecological effects of chemicals, ecological biomarkers, and the environmental distribution of chemicals. The dictionary consists of about 1139 terms. The authors hope that among the groups who will find this glossary helpful, in addition to chemists, are pharmacologists, toxicologists, ecotoxicologists, risk assessors, regulators, medical practitioners, and regulatory authorities. In particular, the glossary should facilitate the use of chemistry in relation to environmental risk assessment.
Space geodetic study of the 2019 typhoon Hagibis: PWV and crustal subsidence

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

&lt;p&gt;Strong typhoons hit the Japanese Islands repeatedly in 2019. Here we study one of these typhoons (2019 #19 Hagibis 915 hPa, 86 casualties) that landed central Japan on Oct.12 (local time) during the Rugby World Cup tournament, using two different space geodetic approaches, i.e. water vapor and crustal deformation. The first approach is the recovery of Precipitable Water Vapor (PWV) using the zenith wet delays (ZWD) estimated by the dense GNSS array in Japan GEONET. Because atmospheric water vapor concentrates in relatively low altitudes, high humidity is often difficult to recognize in ZWDs when the surface altitude is high. To overcome the difficulty, we reconstructed ZWDs, converted to sea-level values, by spatially integrating the tropospheric delay gradient (azimuthal asymmetry of water vapor) vectors. We also calculated convergence of such delay gradients, equivalent to water vapor convergence index (WVCI) proposed by Shoji (2013 Jour. Met. Soc. Japan). We found that very strong rainfall occurs in the region where both reconstructed ZWD and the delay gradient convergence index are high. Next, we studied vertical crustal movements associated with the water load brought by the typhoon, using the two solutions of the GEONET station coordinates, one from the official F3 solution and the other from the UNR data base. We confirmed subsidence down to ~2 cm in multiple regions where severe flood occurred. Such subsidence was observed to recover with a time constant of 1-2 days reflecting rapid drain of rain water to ocean due to large topographic slope and proximity to the sea. We could not identify, however, crustal uplift due to the low atmospheric pressure at the center of the typhoon.&lt;/p&gt;
Kinetic to Potential Energy Transformation Using a Spring as an Intermediary: Application to the Pole Vault Problem

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The kinetic energy of a mass moving horizontally can be completely converted into potential energy using a spring as an intermediary. The spring can be used to temporarily store some of the energy of the mass and change the direction of motion of the mass from horizontal to vertical. A nondimensional framework is used to study this problem for a point mass, first with a linear spring and then with a nonlinear spring that is an elastica. Solutions to the problems with the linear spring and elastica show many similarities and some dissimilarities. The dynamics of the point mass and elastica resemble the mechanics of a pole-vault; and therefore, a nonconservative external torque is introduced to parallel the muscle work done by vaulters. For the nonconservative system, the problem is solved for complete transformation of the kinetic energy of the mass and the work done by the external torque into potential energy of the mass. The initial velocities for the two cases, with and without the nonconservative force, are quite similar; and therefore, the maximum potential energy of the mass is higher in the presence of the nonconservative force. A realistic dimensional example is considered; the solution to the problem, despite several simplifying assumptions, is found to be similar to data of elite pole vaulters presented in the literature.
Preparation and Characterization of Edible Films from Alaska Pollack Surimi

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

pH 2～4とpH 7～11において，スケトウダラすり身から可食性フィルムを調製することに成功した．これらフィルムの性状におよぼすpHの影響とフィルム形成メカニズムを検討し，次の結果を得た．(1) すり身タンパク質の等電点（pH 5.2～5.5）から離れるにしたがって，調製したフィルムは強度と透明性に富んでいた．(2) フィルムの引っ張り伸び率，水蒸気透過性および水に対する溶解性はpH による影響をほとんど受けなかった．(3) α-キモトリプシンによるタンパク質消化率が高いことから，すり身フィルムは可食性フィルムとして利用できることが示唆された．(4) 酸性側で調製したすり身フィルムではミオシン重鎖の分解が，アルカリ性側ではミオシン重鎖の多量化が観察され，フィルムの機械的性質との関連性が認められた．(5) 酸性側では疎水結合が，アルカリ性側では疎水結合の他にジスルフィド結合が，すり身フィルムの形成に主として関与していた．本研究で調製したすり身フィルムを実際に使用するにはその強度が不十分であるため，現在すり身フィルムの機械的性質の改善方法について検討している．
SIMULATIONS OF ARGON-INDUCED VIBRATIONAL RED SHIFTS IN HF

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

1. J.M. Hutson, J. Chem. Phys. 96, 6752 (1992) 2. F.M. Tao, and W. Klemperer, J. Chem. Phys. 101, 1129 (1994) 3. S. Liu, Z. Bacic, J.W. Moskowitz, and K.E. Schmidt, J. Chem. Phys. 100, 7166 (1994); 101, 6359 (1994); 101,
Direct Production of Ferrochrome by Segregation Reduction of Chromite in the Presence of Calcium Chloride

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A solid reduction process is described whereby chromite is reduced with the help of calcium chloride to produce ferrochrome alloy powders with high metal recovery. The process involves segregation reduction of chromite using graphite as the reductant and calcium chloride as the segregation catalyst. Experiments were performed in the temperature range of 1200–1400 °C to evaluate the influences of various design parameters using both a thermogravimetric analyzer and an electric tube furnace with continuous off-gas analysis. The reduced products were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, synchrotron X-ray absorption spectroscopy, and were subjected to wet chemical analysis. It was concluded that the addition of calcium chloride not only accelerated the carbothermic reduction of chromite but also promoted the formation and growth of individual ferrochrome alloy particles. The alloy formation within chromite particles was minimized, enabling the effective separation of ferrochrome alloy particles from the unwanted gangue without the need for fine grinding. Majority of the calcium chloride remained in a recoverable form, with a small percentage (<10 wt %) consumed by reacting with the siliceous gangue forming wadalite. Pure ferrochrome alloy powders were successfully produced with high metal recovery using elutriating separation.
CZECH REPUBLIC - Migration and demographic patterns in Central-Eastern Europe

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This report has been prepared as a part of the Horizon 2020 FUME project – Future Migration Scenarios for Europe (870649) and its deliverable “D.6.3. Report on migration and demographic patterns in the EU CEE countries and potential source countries”. It aims to analyse the migration profile of Czechia and to assess the country’s migration potential in order to provide material for the fine-tuning of the FUME migration projection model. Some of the variables the report takes into account are gender, age, country of origin and destination countries. The report is a first step in the analytical exercise which aims to determine migration movement potential both from and to the Czech Republic.
For Czech Republic, analogously to other Visegrad Group states, international migration is a phenomenon that over the last few years became substantially important politically, demographically and economically. The development of the migration policy has been taking place in the country since the 1990s. While the Czech economy has been experiencing increasing demand for foreign labour, the mainstream public narrative concerning immigrants (and asylum seekers in particular) and, consequently, shaping migration policy agenda, has been, especially recently, predominantly a securitarian one.
Some of the key moments concerning international migrations in the country’s recent history are the accession of Czechia to the European Union in 2004 and entering the Schengen Area three years later. The largest group of immigrants in the country is the group of Ukrainian citizens. Undoubtedly, the Russian annexation of Crimea and a military attack on Eastern Ukraine which subsequently led to the protracted armed conflict, has enhanced the inflow of Ukrainian migrants to the country and affected the structure of residence permits held by the nationals of this country, as we point out further in this analysis.
This report aims to briefly present the historical background for migration movements in the Czech Republic, in order to provide a better understanding of current challenges Czech society faces with regard to increased migration movements in general and immigration in particular. The authors of this report provide a general outline of the demography of migrant groups currently residing in Czechia. A separate part of this paper is focusing on the issue of the Czech diaspora globally. Apart from those, the authors of the report sketch a general analysis of migration policies introduced in Czechia. Finally, local data gathered from the Czech sources are juxtaposed with Guy Abel’s calculations and, based on those, a quantitative analysis of migration movements to and from the country is conducted.
Murine myeloma immunoglobulin heavy-chain mRNA. Isolation, partial purification, and characterization of .gamma.1, .gamma.2a, .gamma.2b, .gamma.3, .mu., and .alpha. heavy-chain mRNAs

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMurine myeloma immunoglobulin heavy-chain mRNA. Isolation, partial purification, and characterization of .gamma.1, .gamma.2a, .gamma.2b, .gamma.3, .mu., and .alpha. heavy-chain mRNAsCharles H. Faust, Jr., Isabel Heim, and Joan MooreCite this: Biochemistry 1979, 18, 6, 1106–1119Publication Date (Print):March 20, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 20 March 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00573a027https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00573a027research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views19Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Introducing the Workplace Well-Being Program Implementation Model: A Model to Inform the Establishment of Organizational Well-Being Programs

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Employee stress and disengagement are of increasing concern in workplaces due to the adverse consequences of such employee states on business performance and employee quality of life. Conventional wellness strategies in organizations may help alleviate some work-related distress, but do little to enhance employee well-being towards flourishing. Workplaces have a unique opportunity to improve the well-being of their employees and can, as a result, reap benefits beyond health care cost avoidance. Positive psychology and affiliated disciplines (e.g. positive organizational behavior and positive organizational scholarship) can offer research-backed strategies to enhance well-being by ‘growing the good’ and capitalizing on strengths versus mitigating risk or deficit alone. This paper examines these fields and the general program implementation literature to synthesize a model of workplace well-being program design and implementation. This model can be leveraged by organizations and practitioners looking to establish workplace well-being programs rooted in science to enhance employee well-being and ultimately to drive positive business outcomes for the organization as a whole.
The Troika and Iran: France’s Contributions to EU3 Nuclear Diplomacy Theory Encounters the Real World of Multilateral Negotiations

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

[From the introduction]. Given present concerns about proliferation in the Middle East, it is useful to inquire as to the influence of a sub-group of European Union (EU) member states in the negotiation process with Iran. These negotiations, which began in 2002-2003, address the issue of nuclear diplomacy. This paper concentrates on France’s contributions within the Troika. This is a sub-group consisting of the 'big Three,' Britain, France and Germany, which focus their diplomatic efforts in a unique, ad hoc case in the Union’s external security. This analysis is a response to the lack of theoretical literature concerning the actual process of the multilateral negotiations on nuclear issues between the EU3 and Iran. In this context, we must distinguish between the early agreements that were achieved between the EU3 and Iran during 2003 and 2004, and the stalemate that followed, which led to the imposition of sanctions against Iran by the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) in 2006 and 2007.
The use of digital technologies for the development of pre-service teachers’ rhetorical skills: the experience of Ukraine

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The authors characterize the typology of digital technologies for the development of pre-service teachers' rhetorical skills: video content (speeches of prominent speakers of the past and present, fragments of movies, theater performances, television programs, speeches of masters of the word, lectures by national and foreign teachers, reports of famous teachers), audio content (podcasts, audiobooks), rhetoric courses on educational platforms, specialized rhetoric resources, specialized software in the field of rhetoric, social communities for on-line communication. The expert assessment was conducted to identify the most effective type of digital technology in the field of rhetoric for the development of pre-service teachers' rhetorical skills. The use of video content (speeches by prominent speakers of the past and present), audio content and specialized software was found to be the most effective. The conclusions of the expert group were confirmed by the Kendall concordance coefficient and the chi-square test for estimating the probability of the result.
Delayed Nitrogen Applications on Corn

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A method of fertilizer application that was standard practice 30 to 50 years ago has become important once again, and for the same reason. When nitrogen fertilizer was expensive and corn was cheap, it was considered prudent to save back some of the nitrogen fertilizer and apply it when the corn was "knee-high." This was thought to be safer because some of the nitrogen added at planting might be lost before the corn was big enough to take advantage of it. The increasing cost of nitrogen fertilizer has made efficient use of this product important again.
Design rules and applications of single-point incremental forming

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Single-point incremental forming is a sheet metal forming technique with great potential for use in prototyping and custom manufacture. While this process has undergone considerable development in recent years, designers may benefit from clear design rules to guide the process of designing for and implementing single-point incremental forming. This article presents simple design guidelines that translate forming limits into simple design constraints. A method of developing intermediate models for multi-pass forming is also documented. To demonstrate the utility of such simple design rules, examples of components that were made using this process are presented as case studies.
The Utility of Computer-Assisted Power Analysis Lab Instruction

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Undergraduate students ( N = 47), enrolled in 2 separate psychology research methods classes, evaluated a power analysis lab demonstration and homework assignment. Students attended 1 of 2 lectures that included a basic introduction to power analysis and sample size analysis. One lecture included a demonstration of how to use a computer-based power analysis calculator, whereas the other lecture did not. Students then completed a homework assignment (with or without the power analysis calculator). Compared to students who did not use the power analysis calculator, students who did reported that the lab and homework assignment increased their understanding of power analysis and increased their overall level of interest in their research projects. These students also recommended using the lab in future courses.
Plasma and tissue a-tocopherol concentrations and meat colour stability in sheep grazing saltbush (Atriplex spp.)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Dry senesced pastures available during the summer and autumn period in Western Australia and other areas with a Mediterranean climate are low in vitamin E. The use of expensive and labour-intensive supplements to prevent nutritional myopathy induced by vitamin E deficiency in weaner sheep is common. Low vitamin E concentrations in the muscle preslaughter can also reduce the shelf life of meat. There is growing interest in incorporating saltbush into farming systems in Western Australia. The potential for saltbush to boost the vitamin E status of sheep and improve the shelf life of meat was investigated. Fifty (2 × 25) 18-month-old Merino hogget wethers (average liveweight 48 kg) were grazed on either a saltbush-dominant saline pasture or on a ‘control’ dry pasture, stubble plot for 14 weeks. At the start of the experiment, all animals were orally supplemented with 2500 IU of dl-a-tocopherol acetate in 6.25 mL solution. The a-tocopherol content in saltbush was 139 and 116 mg/kg dry matter for old man and river saltbush, respectively. Concentrations of a-tocopherol were measured in plasma at Weeks 0, 4, 8, and 12 and in muscle and liver samples taken at slaughter. Grazing on saltbush significantly elevated a-tocopherol concentrations in the liver and muscle compared with grazing on dry pasture, well above the threshold for vitamin E inadequacy (P &lt; 0.001). Plasma a-tocopherol concentrations in sheep fed saltbush increased up to Week 8 and then decreased until the end of the experiment as availability of saltbush declined (P &lt; 0.05). Plasma a-tocopherol in sheep fed dry pasture increased in the first 4 weeks due to the initial vitamin E treatment but declined thereafter, indicating that the pasture was low in vitamin E. The high muscle concentrations of a-tocopherol in sheep fed saltbush also improved colour stability and may have had an influence on drip and cooking loss. The meat from the saltbush-grazed sheep was moister but drip and cooking loss was the same as from the drier meat of the control sheep. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that saltbush is a potential vitamin E source for sheep.
Synthesis and reactivity of transition metal complexes supported by oxazolinyl borato ligands and the functionalization of silica surface

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Oxidative addition of a nonpolar Si–H bond to the rhodium dicarbonyl {PhB(OxMe2)2ImMes}Rh(CO)2 is an unusual example of this kind, as it is accompanied by thermal dissociation of CO. The reaction was found to be reversible, and kinetic measurements model the approach to equilibrium. The oxidative addition is first-order in both {PhB(OxMe2)2ImMes}Rh(CO)2 and primary silane, with rate constants for oxidative addition of PhSiH3 and PhSiD3 revealing kH/kD ~ 1. The reaction is significantly inhibited in the presence of externally added CO. The reverse reaction, reductive elimination of Si–H from {PhB(OxMe2)2ImMes}RhH(SiH2R)CO, also follows a second-order rate law (first-order in both the reactants). Equilibrium constants are measured from equilibrium concentrations of all the species in the reaction mixture over a 30° C temperature range, provide ΔH° = –5.5 ± 0.2 kcal/mol and ΔS° = –16 ± 1 cal·mol–1K–1. Activation entropy for both forward and reverse reaction are negative (ΔS‡ = –26 ± 3 cal·mol–1·K–1 and ΔS‡ = –10 ± 3 cal·mol–1·K–1 respectively), suggests a highly associated transition state containing {PhB(OxMe2)2ImMes}Rh(CO)2 and RSiH3.
Evaluation of electroexplosive devices by nondestructive test techniques and impulsive waveform firings

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Special requirements of the space industry for more detailed knowledge of the quality and reliability of each electroexplosive device (EED) selected for use aboard a spacecraft are described. Statistical methods do not practically demonstrate the high reliability needed. To close this gap, nondestructive test techniques and instrumentation for 1-W/1-A no-fire devices have been developed. Several lots of squibs have been evaluated using these techniques and instrumentation. They yield data as to the quality and normal behavior of each electroexplosive device without firing or degrading the unit. Performance data were obtained by initiating the EED's with an impulsive waveform and sensing the initiation characteristics, sensitivity, and output.
Characters of Boby Weight of Lamb in Cold and Warm Seasons

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

20 Lamb in this year were selected and used to determinl the body weight in chengduo county,yushu Prefectuse.The results showed that the body weight of lamb increased 4.25kg from the end of summer to the end of autumn,and decreased 5.79kg from the end of autumn to the end of spring of next year.The body weight of lamb decreased 1.64kg and the rate of decrease body weight was 6.5% in the entire observation period.
Wie bewerten Bürger in Deutschland ihre eigene Health Literacy?

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Health literacy is a relatively recent concept in Europe. First international investigations indicate that a substantial part of the population has significantly impaired subjective health literacy. In Germany there is a lack of meaningful data. Therefore, 2 comprehensive studies have been started that will provide population representative results, as well as take the health literacy level of vulnerable groups such as older people and migrants into consideration.