jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A Highly Efficient Catalytic Co-Combustion of Aromatic and Oxygenated Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) via H2-Driven Onsite Heating

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Catalytic combustion, a highly efficient technique for reducing volatile organic compounds (VOCs), is the focus of this study. We investigate the improved catalytic efficiency of the physical mixing of nanosized Pt and atomically dispersed Co, supported on Al2O3 catalysts (Pt-Co)/Al2O3 (PM) for the catalytic combustion of VOCs. The catalyst efficiency is evaluated for the hydrogen-assisted catalytic oxidation of various VOCs, including aromatic and oxygenated VOCs such as benzene, toluene, methanol, and formic acid. Our study aims to understand the impact of hydrogen incorporation on the combustion process of various VOCs. The findings of this work underscore the potential of hydrogen-assisted catalytic ignition, which can achieve ignition at ambient temperature, a significant departure from conventional electric heating that typically requires additional energy to raise the temperature. Various characterization techniques, such as BET, STEM, and XRD, are employed to assess the structure–activity relationship of the catalyst. The optimal hydrogen concentration for complete VOC conversion is 3%. Notably, even at a lower hydrogen concentration of 2%, benzene and methanol reach an ideal ignition temperature of over 500 °C when introduced into the physically mixed catalyst. This study highlights the significant potential of hydrogen-assisted catalytic combustion, inspiring further research and offering a promising method to reduce VOCs effectively.
Introduction: Whose Present? Which History?

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

There can be little doubt that the history profession is experiencing a turn to the present. The post-2016 “crisis of democracy” has only dramatized it. Long-standing anxieties over presentism have crumbled under the weight of recent events. They have proven little match for Brexit, Trump, the rise of strongmen in the world writ large, racial injustice, and the pandemic. The turn to the present, however, is at times marked by undeniable provincialism—one that consistently offers a narrow perspective for understanding new and emerging global realities. Some historians, for instance, have taken on the role of liberal watchmen ready to strike the tocsin against suspected fascism, but they regularly do so by focusing on Europe's fascist past of the 1930s to explain the contemporary order. Or consider the economic crisis brought on by the coronavirus pandemic. In the search for solutions, scholars proved quick to make historical comparisons to the great war economies of World Wars I and II, but appeared little bothered by the possibility that taking inspiration from Europe's age of extremes might “lead us to look for enemies and scapegoats.” So with the George Floyd protests: certain scholars and pundits likened them to the 1968 student protests in France and the United States, even as other scholars pointed out the historical shortcoming of the comparison.
Infected urachal cyst in an adult patient

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Urachal cyst is a clinical malformation caused by failure of the allantois to obliterate during embryological development. Because of its rare presentation in adults, urachal cysts are often incorrectly diagnosed. Delay in diagnosis can cause complications such as peritonitis, fistula, sepsis, or even malignant manifestation. We report the case of a 19‐year‐old adult male, who presented with clinical features mimicking appendicitis. Ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging confirmed diagnosis of an infected urachal cyst, which was treated surgically.
Impact of Water Quality on Density of Birds in Bahr Najaf Depression, Iraq.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The study aimed to evaluate the impact of water quality standards on bird density in the Bahr al-Najaf depression for the period from October 2023 to April 2024 over a period of seven months. Three sites were chosen for the study: Some physical and chemical factors in the water were measured, such as (water temperature, air temperature, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen, biological oxygen demand, , total hardness, calcium, magnesium hardness, and chloride,).The density of birds and number of species were determined in the study area. The air temperature ranged between (20.6 - 31)°C, the water temperature ranged (20 - 28)°C, the electrical conductivity ranged between (19.8 - 168.25) ms/cm, and the total dissolved solids ranged from (11,200 - 83,750) mg. /l, salinity between (13.85 - 117.777) ppt, pH between (7.9 - 8.2), dissolved oxygen between (0.73 - 5.6) mg/l, and biological oxygen demand between (0). 73 - 3 5 .5) mg/L, total hardness between (2200 - 21066.66) mg/L, and calcium hardness between (961.9 - 4382.08) mg. /L, magnesium between (216.4 - 4625.7) mg/L, chloride between (1799 - 17061) mg/L A total of 29 families with 82 species were discovered. Bird species diversity was greatest in the family Scolopacidae. (14 species), followed by Laridae (10 species), followed by Charadriidae, Columbidae, and Ardeidae each (five species), Motacillidae and Anatidae (4 species), and Corvidae, and Passeridae (three species) each. The three locations had different species diversity and abundance. The density of birds in the third site had a higher species abundance and diversity compared to other sites at all months except.TDS, salinity, and electrical conductivity showed a significant positive correlation with bird density, whereas a significant negative correlation was found between Mg ions and bird density. While showed a significant positive correlation with number species and pH, whereas a significant negative correlation was found between number species and chloride
The Mediating Role of Trust in School in the Relationship Between the Types of Power Exerted by School Principals and the Organizational Citizenship Behaviors of Teachers

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study tests the mediating effect of teachers’ trust in their schools on the effect of power types used by school principals on teachers’ organizational citizenship behaviors. The study was designed as a cross-sectional survey model. Since exploring mediating role of organizational trust was our focus, the mediation model was also tested. The sample of the study consisted of 439 teachers who responded to the online scales and were evaluated from 19.758 teachers working in public schools in Van in 2020-2021. In addition to personal information, Power Type Scale, Organizational Trust Scale in Schools, and Organizational Citizenship Behavior Scale were used to gather data. In the study, mean and standard deviation values were calculated. To determine the relationship between variables, correlational analysis was performed. Path analysis was also used to test the structural equation model. Results revealed that teachers who work with school principals using personal or reward power have high trust in their schools, whereas legitimate power is not a significant predictor of school trust and coercive power is a low predictor of school trust. Results also mirror that teachers who have a high sense of trust in their schools report more organizational citizenship behaviors. The direct relationship between the use of power and organizational citizenship behavior was not found significant. As a result of the indirect effect of teachers’ trust in their schools in case of school principals’ use of personal, reward, legitimate or coercive power, the total effect size between these two variables was found to be significant. This study adds nuance to the literature by suggesting that the behaviors of school principals influence the perception of trust in school and that this perception is reflected in teachers’ behaviors.
Incidence and Demographic Trends for Acute Coronary Syndrome in a Non-Epidemic Area During the Coronavirus Disease Pandemic in Japan　― A 2-Institutional Observational Study ―

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: We investigated the incidence of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in a non-epidemic area of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) in Japan. Methods and Results: This observational study included consecutive patients admitted for ACS at 2 tertiary hospitals in Izumo City during the pandemic in Japan (n=42, March-July 2020). Although the monthly ACS incidence was comparable, the proportions of delayed admissions and high Killip class (III/IV) were significantly higher in this population than in historical cohorts (n=197, 2015-2019). Conclusions: Our findings stress the importance of encouraging patients with ACS-related symptoms to visit medical services promptly, especially in non-epidemic areas.
Instrumentation to Measure Bottom Roughness from GEOPROBE Tripods

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract : The long-term goal of our research is to improve our ability to model sediment transport and accumulation in coastal oceans. In particular, we hope to develop regional-scale models (10s of kilometers) with predictive capability over time scales of decades. Such models are useful for a wide range of engineering, environmental, and tactical Naval applications. Field observations and measurements of sedimentary processes are a key component of our research, because careful quantitative data are needed to improve parameterizations of sedimentary processes and to test existing models. Measurement of bottom topography is crucial for interpretation of boundary layer processes because bottom roughness directly affects near-bottom flow, and sedimentary processes can alter bottom morphology.
Simulation study of wireless body sensor network

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) and body area networks (BANs) are significant and popular technologies today. They can support a lot of applications in various areas, such as military, healthcare use and so on. In this report, the two technologies are reviewed and one simulation of BANs is run with the simulator Castalia. The most important objective of this project is to introduce the simulator Castalia to more undergraduate students whose majors are communication engineering.
Proximity Tracker using Received Signal Strength, Particle Filter and Extended Kalman Filter

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) is a relative variable related to signal strength. The strength of the signal transmitted is used in continuous close-proximity tracking applications. The approximate exact location of a node is estimated using various kinds of filtering techniques. The demand for close-proximity tracking or location and proximity integration increases with the society's dependency to mobile devices but using such geolocation services are power-hungry and is directly affected by atmospheric conditions. Present tracking services are made relative to the earth's axis. To address these gaps, this study focuses on integrating Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) and Particle Filter (PF) into a system of Bluetooth-enabled nodes that are capable of relative positioning in three-dimensional space. Three nodes made of Raspberry Pi Zero are tracked by a parent device made of Raspberry Pi 3 Model B. The nodes' coordinates are displayed in the parent device's dashboard. Detection of the nodes are done using the library BIueZ. These nodes broadcast themselves to the parent device to determine their range and location using a 750-meter range Bluetooth dongle. The device is tested in both open areas, a memorial park and a beach resort. Using spiral method, the weakest RSSI value measured is -142dB at 776.43 meters and -23dB at 0 meter. RSSI value in an area with obstruction or interference is -168dB at a distance of693.1 meters. The output shows very promising results indicating effectiveness and efficiency in the field of proximity tracking.
Posttetanic changes in the afferent and efferent activity of monosynaptic reflex in kittens

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Both the afferent volleys from the dorsal root and the monosynaptic reflex discharges from the corresponding ventral root were recorded with hook electrodes during stimulation of the nerves innervating the triceps surae muscles. The effects of conditioning high frequency tetanus on the magnitudes of these afferents and reflex volleys were examined in kittens of postnatal age 1–90 days and in adult cats. In young kittens under barbiturate anaesthesia, large-amplitude monosynaptic reflex discharge can be evoked without prior conditioning. The amplitude of this reflex discharge decreased with increasing age of the animal. Application of conditioning tetanic stimuli to the muscle nerves resulted in posttetanic depression followed by posttetanic potentiation of the monosynaptic reflex. The magnitude of posttetanic depression was much higher than that of potentiation in the first postnatal week. As the age increased, the magnitude of depression decreased while the magnitude of potentiation increased. The afferent volley showed a considerable posttetanic potentiation in older kittens and cats. No significant potentiation or depression was observed in the younger animals. Possible mechanisms contributing to posttetanic depression and potentiation are discussed.
dishevelled is required during wingless signaling to establish both cell polarity and cell identity

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT The dishevelled gene of Drosophila is required to establish coherent arrays of polarized cells and is also required to establish segments in the embryo. Here, we show that loss of dishevelled function in clones, in double heterozygotes with wingless mutants and in flies bearing a weak dishevelled transgene leads to patterning defects which phenocopy defects observed in wingless mutants alone. Further, polarized cells in all body segments require dishevelled function to establish planar cell polarity, and some wingless alleles and dishevelled; wingless double heterozygotes exhibit bristle polarity defects identical to those seen in dishevelled alone. The requirement for dishevelled in establishing polarity is cell autonomous. The dishevelled gene encodes a novel intracellular protein that shares an amino acid motif with several other proteins that are found associated with cell junctions. Clonal analysis of dishevelled in leg discs provides a unique opportunity to test the hypothesis that the wingless dishevelled interaction specifies at least one of the circumferential positional values predicted by the polar coordinate model. We propose that dishevelled encodes an intracellular protein required to respond to a wingless signal and that this interaction is essential for establishing both cell polarity and cell identity.
How to build valid and credible simulation models

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

In this tutorial we present techniques for building valid and credible simulation models. Ideas to be discussed include the importance of a definitive problem formulation, discussions with subject-matter experts, interacting with the decision-maker on a regular basis, development of a written assumptions document, structured walk-through of the assumptions document, use of sensitivity analysis to determine important model factors, and comparison of model and system output data for an existing system (if any). Each idea will be illustrated by one or more real-world examples. We will also discuss the difficulty in using formal statistical techniques (e.g., confidence intervals) to validate simulation models. 1 WHAT IS MODEL VALIDATION Use of a simulation model is a surrogate for experimentation with the actual system (existing or proposed), which is usually disruptive, not cost-effective, or simple impossible. Thus, if the model is not a “close ” approximation to the actual system, any conclusions derived from the model are likely to be erroneous and may result in costly decisions being made. Validation should and can be done for all models, regardless of whether the corresponding system exists in some form or whether it will be built in the future. We now give definitions of validation and credibility. Validation is the process of determining whether a simulation model is an accurate representation of the system, for the particular objectives of the study. The following are some general perspectives on validation: • A “valid ” model can be used to make decisions similar to those that would be made if it were feasible and cost-effective to experiment with the system itself. • The ease or difficulty of the validation process depends on the complexity of the system being modeled and on whether a version of the system currently exists (see Section 2.8). For example, a
A reactive-proactive approach for solving dynamic scheduling with time-varying number of Tasks

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Any system (whether in the area of finance, manufacturing, administration, etc.) that operates in a dynamic environment needs to be adaptive to changes; it should also anticipate possible adverse events to remain competitive. In our previous research in this area we experimented with one particular approach: Mapping of Task ID for Centroid-Based Adaptation with Random Immigrants (McBAR) to address problems of environmental changes for Resource-Constrained Project Scheduling (RCPS) problem, especially when the latter involves changes in task numbers. However, at that time, McBAR was applied as reactive tool only. In this paper we extend McBAR approach to the RCPS problem in a proactive-reactive way. The system handles also three competing objectives: cost, makespan, and the risk of failure. We have not found any papers that deal with risk on the RCPS problem and utilize the attributes of plans from the past environmental changes. This particular aspect is incorporated in McBAR – experimental results indicate the efficiency of such approach in finding optimal solutions for a current change. In this paper we also analyze, under the effects of environmental dynamics, the variation of risk computed via McBAR and of parameters related to optimization. Further, we compare McBAR to other Evolutionary Algorithm approach in the same problem.
Midterm Safety and Performance of a Leadless Cardiac Pacemaker

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Leadless cardiac pacemakers (LCPs) have been introduced to decrease lead- and pocket-related complications. Initial studies have shown short-term complication rates of 4% to 6.7% and adequate electric performance in up to 12 months of follow-up.1–3 However, to fully appreciate the clinical impact and the robustness of this novel technology, additional follow-up is required to determine the long-term safety and performance. In this study, we report the longest clinical follow-up to date: the 3-year results of the LEADLESS trial (Nanostim Safety and Performance Trial for a Leadless Cardiac Pacemaker System).4

Patients implanted with an LCP (Nanostim, St. Jude Medical/Abbott) were retrospectively assessed to evaluate the safety and performance of this device with a minimum of 3 years of follow-up. No patients were lost to follow-up. Medical records were analyzed from June 2014 until May 2016 and evaluated for (1) serious adverse device effects (SADEs) and (2) electric performance of the LCP. The primary outcome was freedom from SADEs (Kaplan-Meier estimate) at 40 months of follow-up. Categorical variables are presented as frequencies and continuous variables as means (±SD). Permission of the local institutional review boards was obtained for this retrospective analysis, and all participants gave written informed consent.

Thirty-three patients (age 77±8 years, 67% male) were enrolled and were followed for a median duration of 38 months (range, 21–41 months). Two patients were …
Beyond Exhibiting the Experience of Empire?

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This article applies Mikhael Bakthin’s concept of ‘chronotope’, understood as the ways in which writers narrate time and space and thus create worlds which enable subjectivities to emerge, to Tony Bennett’s ‘exhibitionary complex’. More precisely, I self-critically discuss two projects questioning the ocularcentric and objectifying chronotopes of museums: a film project on a colonial collection from the Niger Delta, today’s Nigeria, at the National Maritime Museum in London and the curatorial project ‘The Blind Spot’ at the Kunsthalle Bremen in Germany. Both projects depended on the collaboration with anti-racist and diasporic partners who introduced performative ways of narrating colonial pasts, contradicting victimising accounts of colonisation and challenging white visitors to engage with embodied experiences of Empire. Moreover, my collaboration partners insisted on defining themselves and their histories beyond experiences of Empire and on envisioning decolonial futures. Can these chronotopes be brought into dialogue with the museums’ attempts to come to terms with their colonial pasts?
Wider stall space affects behavior, lesion scores, and productivity of gestating sows1

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Limited space allowance within the standard gestation stall is an important welfare concern because it restricts the ability of the sow to make postural adjustments and hinders her ability to perform natural behaviors. Therefore, we evaluated the impacts of increasing stall space and/or providing sows the freedom to access a small pen area on sow well-being using multiple welfare metrics. A total of 96 primi- and multiparous crossbred sows were randomly assigned in groups of 4 sows/treatment across 8 replicates to 1 of 3 stall treatments (TRT): standard stall (CTL; dimensions: 61 by 216 cm), width-adjustable stall (flex stall [FLX]; dimensions: adjustable width of 56 to 79 cm by 216 cm), or an individual walk-in/lock-in stall with access to a small communal open-pen area at the rear of the stall (free-access stall [FAS]; dimensions: 69 by 226 cm). Lesion scores, behavior, and immune and productivity traits were measured at various gestational days throughout the study. Total lesion scores were greatest for sows in FAS and least for sows in FLX ( < 0.001). Higher-parity sows in FAS had the most severe lesion scores (TRT × parity, < 0.0001) and scores were greatest at all gestational days (TRT × day, < 0.05). Regardless of parity, sows in FLX had the least severe scores ( < 0.0001). As pregnancy progressed, lesion scores increased among sows in CTL ( < 0.05). Sow BW and backfat (BF) were greater for sows in FLX and FAS ( < 0.05), and BCS and BF were greater for parity 1 and 2 sows in FAS than the same parity sows in CTL (TRT × parity, < 0.05). Duration and frequency of some postural behaviors and sham chew behavior were affected by TRT ( < 0.05) and time of day (TRT × day, < 0.05). These data indicate that adequate stall space, especially late in gestation, may improve the well-being of higher-parity and heavier-bodied gestating sows as assessed by changes in postural behaviors, lesion severity scores, and other sow traits. Moreover, compromised welfare measures found among sows in various stall environments may be partly attributed to the specific constraints of each stall system such as restricted stall space in CTL, insufficient floor space in the open-pen area of the FAS system, and gate design of the FLX (e.g., direction of bars and feeder space). These results also indicate that parity and gestational day are additional factors that may exacerbate the effects of restricted stall space or insufficient pen space, further compromising sow well-being.