jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Abstract WP305: Field Assessment of Potential Large Vessel Occlusions in Patients With Suspected Acute Ischemic Stroke: Results From a Clinician Survey

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) caused by large vessel occlusions (LVOs) has high morbidity and mortality. Reliable prehospital identification of LVOs may improve patient care, hospital routing and ultimately outcomes. This analysis characterizes current expert opinion on preferred stroke scales for field assessment of LVOs, factors driving scale preferences and associated research data gaps in a sample of multidisciplinary key stakeholders who care for patients with AIS. Methods: In total, 248 HCPs from 4 specific disciplines responsible for AIS patient care were asked to participate in an in-person survey. The survey was administered by trained interviewers using structured interviews between Sep 2017 and Jan 2018. Responses were analyzed overall and stratified by HCP type with descriptive statistics. Results: Of 169 participating HCPs, 22% were general neurologists, 25% neuro-interventionalists, 24% emergency department physicians (38% emergency medical system [EMS] directors), 26% stroke coordinators and 2% other. Most respondents were from comprehensive stroke centers (64%) and represented a broad US geography. Among the respondents, 86% agreed or strongly agreed that prehospital stroke scales are effective in identifying LVOs, and 63% (n=107) had a preferred prehospital LVO scale ( Table ). Among those who stated a preference (n=107), 65% cited practical considerations for their choice (eg, ease of use, already in use by local EMS) and 46% cited the scale’s properties (psychometric or clinical). Regarding the greatest need in the prehospital assessment of stroke (n=169), 56% of respondents called for more research on LVO scales, 24% for other prehospital assessment tools and 26% for EMS training and standardization. Conclusions: The majority of HCPs surveyed support the use of prehospital LVO scales but request further research. No one scale was preferred over another.
Enhanced Charge Carrier Separation and Improved Biexciton Yield at the p–n Junction of SnSe/CdSe Heterostructures: A Detailed Electrochemical and Ultrafast Spectroscopic Investigation

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Tin chalcogenides (SnX, X = S, Se)-based heterostructures (HSs) are promising materials for the construction of low-cost optoelectronic devices. Here, we report the synthesis of a SnSe/CdSe HS using the controlled cation exchange reaction. The (400) plane of SnSe and the (111) plane of CdSe confirm the formation of an interface between SnSe and CdSe. The Type I band alignment is estimated for the SnSe/CdSe HS with a small conduction band offset (CBO) of 0.72 eV through cyclic voltammetry measurements. Transient absorption (TA) studies demonstrate a drastic enhancement of the CdSe biexciton signal that points toward the hot carrier transfer from SnSe to CdSe in a short time scale. The fast growth and recovery of CdSe bleach in the presence of SnSe indicate charge transfer back to SnSe. The observed delocalization of carriers in these two systems is crucial for an optoelectronic device. Our findings provide new insights into the fabrication of cost-effective photovoltaic devices based on SnSe-based heterostructures.
Trademark Trends and Brand Activity in Higher Education

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Trademarks figure prominently in college and university brand formation efforts. Trademarks are intangible rights that allow institutions to define and protect aspects of their identities important to them as they engage in markets. This multiple-method study, grounded in legal and policy research, provides a first look at how institutions are harnessing the power of trademarks in service of brand initiatives in three understudied areas: promulgation of institutional slogans, engagement in contentious arbitration actions over Internet domain names, and the coining and adoption of new names by university offices of technology transfer.
Influence of Preoperative Oral Rehydration Therapy on Circulation Stability during Anesthesia Induction

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

待機的大腸癌手術の患者を対象に術前経口補水療法（ORT）が麻酔導入後の循環動態の変動をどの程度緩和するのかを従来群と比較検討した．患者を無作為に麻酔導入2時間前までにOS-1を飲水するORT群，清澄水を飲水する従来群の2群に分類した．麻酔導入前にフロートラックを接続し，麻酔導入後に血圧，心拍数，心係数（CI），1回拍出量係数（SVI），1回拍出量変化（SVV）などを測定し，導入5分後を基準として比較検討した．ORT群は従来群と比較して術前飲水量は有意に増加し，昇圧剤使用率，膠質液の使用率で有意な低下を認めた．麻酔導入後の血圧，心拍数がORT群では安定化していたが，両群においてSVVは基準値と比較して有意な上昇を認め，一つの原因として循環血液量不足を考えた．
Dose-dependent effects of taurine against testicular damage in a streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetes mellitus rat model

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Objectives Testicular dysfunction has been associated with chronic hyperglycemia in diabetes mellitus patients. We investigated taurine’s possible mechanisms and protective effects against testicular damage using a rat model of streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Methods Wistar rats ( N = 56) were divided into seven equal groups. Untreated control rats received saline, and treated control rats received taurine 50 mg/kg orally. To induce diabetes, rats received a single dose of streptozotocin. Metformin-treated diabetic rats received metformin at a dose of 300 mg/kg. Taurine-treated groups received 10, 25, or 50 mg/kg. All treatments were provided orally once a day for 9 weeks following the streptozotocin injection. Levels of blood glucose, serum insulin, cholesterol, testicular tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione (GSH), and catalase (CAT) were examined. Sperm count, progressive sperm motility, and sperm abnormalities were examined. Body and relative reproductive gland weights were assessed. Histopathological examinations of the testes and epididymis were performed. Results Metformin as well as taurine (in a dose-dependent manner) resulted in significant improvements in body and relative reproductive gland weights, blood glucose, serum cholesterol, and insulin levels, as well as cytokine and oxidative parameters. These findings were associated with significant improvement in sperm count, progressive sperm motility, sperm abnormalities, and histopathological lesions in the testes and epididymis. Conclusion Taurine can potentially improve hyperglycemia, hypercholesterolemia, and testicular damage associated with diabetes mellitus, possibly by controlling inflammation and oxidative stress.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 5‐Alkylindole‐3‐acetic Acids for Use as Plant Hormone Analogues.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Investigation of the Machinability of PA-6/nano-CaCO3 Composite

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Nowadays, polymer nano-composites have attracted manufacturers’ attention because of good mechanical, thermal, and physical properties. During the past decade, the requirement of the direct machining of polymer nano-composites increases because most of the polymer nano-composites were produced by extrusion method in simple cross section shapes and request for personalized products increases. In this study, the effect of milling parameters (spindle speed and feed per tooth) and nano-CaCO3 content on the machinability properties of PA-6/nano-CaCO3 composites was studied by means of analysis of variance. Additionally, the effect of nano-CaCO3 content on the mechanical properties of PA-6/nano-CaCO3 composites was investigated. To this end, several experiments were carried out on PA-6/nano-CaCO3 composites to attain the required data. The results reveal that the nano-CaCO3 content on PA-6 significantly decreases the cutting forces, but does not have a considerable significance on surface roughness.
Field Resistance of American Sycamore ‘Davis’ to Canker Pathogens

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract American sycamores ( Platanus occidentalis L.) are found in many ecosystems and planted in urban landscapes worldwide. The trees are highly susceptible to anthracnose and canker pathogens, causing leaf blight and branch dieback. On The Ohio State University campus in Columbus, Ohio, an American sycamore was observed to thrive among many symptomatic sycamores. The healthy tree, subsequently protected as cultivar ‘Davis,’ was vegetatively propagated and tested for field resistance to natural infection of canker pathogens compared to the wildtype. Incidence and severity of leaf necrosis, incidence of dieback, and tree death were evaluated for 2 consecutive seasons. The incidence of leaf necrosis was disconnected from the incidence of dieback and tree mortality, as little to no leaves were produced on the wildtype trees. By the end of the second season, 7 out of 12 wildtype trees were dead, while all 12 ‘Davis’ trees were alive. Several canker pathogens were recovered from both ‘Davis’ and the wildtype, including Apiognomonia platani and Diaporthe eres . The latter had not been previously reported on American sycamore. Pathogenicity tests confirmed that D. eres is indeed pathogenic on sycamores and also that ‘Davis’ is significantly more resistant than wildtype to canker development and should be preferred over the wildtype in the urban landscape.
“Tertiary” Hyperparathyroidism and Apparent “Cure” of Vitamin-D-Resistant Rickets after Removal of an Ossifying Mesenchymal Tumor of the Pharynx

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Original Article from The New England Journal of Medicine — "Tertiary" Hyperparathyroidism and Apparent "Cure" of Vitamin-D-Resistant Rickets after Removal of an Ossifying Mesenchymal Tumor of the Pharynx
Camphor Induces Proliferative and Anti-senescence Activities in Human Primary Dermal Fibroblasts and Inhibits UV-Induced Wrinkle Formation in Mouse Skin

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Camphor ((1R)-1,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one), a bicyclic monoterpene, is one of the major constituents of essential oils from various herbs such as rosemary, lavender, and sage. In this study, we investigated the beneficial effects of camphor as a botanical ingredient in cosmetics. Camphor induced the proliferation of human primary dermal fibroblasts in a dose-dependent manner via the PI3K/AKT and ERK signaling pathways. Camphor attenuated the elevation of senescence associated with β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) activity. Elastase activity decreased, while the total amount of collagen increased, in a dose- and time-dependent manner in human primary dermal fibroblasts treated with camphor. Camphor induced the expression of collagen IA, collagen IIIA, collagen IVA, and elastin in human primary dermal fibroblasts. In addition, posttreatment with 26 and 52 mM camphor for 2 weeks led to a significant reduction in the expression of MMP1 but increases in the expression of collagen IA, IIIA, and elastin in mouse skin exposed to UV for 4 weeks. These posttreatments also reduced the depths of the epidermis and subcutaneous fat layer in UV-exposed mouse skin. Taken together, these findings suggest camphor to be a potent wound healing and antiwrinkle agent with considerable potential for use in cosmeceuticals.
A new pde based approach for image restoration and enhancement using robust diffusion directions and directional derivatives based diffusivities

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This article proposes a novel, partial derivatives based filter, for oriented patterns filtering and enhancement. We propose a filtering and restoration process with a strong anisotropic behaviour. Locally, our filter uses a superposition of one-dimensional diffusion processes; in each pixel the diffusion directions are given by a principal component analysis, on these directions the processes behaviour is modulated by non-linear functions depending on the absolute values of the directional derivatives. Selectively, depending on these measures, the filter can act like a classical diffusion filter, simplifying the image, or it can produce edge and corner enhancement. The equation we propose is very general and it can be modified for specific image restoration tasks. Through applications samples we would show the efficiency of our method both on synthetic images and on real ones.
SCREENING OF VARIOUS PLANT EXTRACTS FOR ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY AGAINST CANDIDA SPECIES

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Candida is a part of normal micro flora of human body and is commonly isolated from blood stream infection. Since very early in human history, people have relied on medicinal plants to cure them of various ills. The Use of plant extracts to treat microbial infections are reported in our ancient Ayurvedic Medicinal system. Taking into account, five different plants; Vitex negundo (leaf), Adathoda vasica (leaf), Azadirachta indica (leaf), Mentha piperita (leaf) and Curcuma longa (rhizome) were selected for antifungal activity against Candida . Fresh leaves of plants were collected randomly from Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India except Azadirachta indict which was collected from Hamirpur, Himachal Pradesh (India). Nine clinical Candida isolates were collected from National Culture Collection of Pathogenic fungi (N.C.C.P.F) P.G.I.M.E.R Chandigarh India. Various extracts of the selected plants were tested for their antifungal activity against Candida species. A significant antifungal activity was shown by all five plant extracts. This study will help us to design new natural therapeutic strategies against Candida associated infections.
Addressing Patient-Provider Communication Gaps in Vanishing Twin Syndrome: Implications for Patient Care and Clinical Guidelines

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Vanishing twin syndrome (VTS) refers to the in utero demise of one or more fetuses in a multiple pregnancy, often with physical remains persisting throughout gestation or at birth. Despite increased detection via early ultrasound and due to the use of ART, clinical protocols for VTS remain inadequate. This systematic review assesses physical and psychological risks, the current state of patient-provider communication, and international guideline gaps in VTS care. Materials &amp; Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted using key search terms including but not limited to “vanishing twin* syndrome,” “patient-provider communicat*,” and “bereave* care.” Studies were selected based on relevance to patient experiences, international clinical guidelines, and the physical and psychological impacts of vanishing twin syndrome. Results: Patients with vanishing twin syndrome report inconsistent disclosure, inadequate emotional support, and confusion regarding the management of fetal remains. Physical risks to surviving multiples include low birth weight, placental pathology, and neurodevelopmental concerns. Maternal serum screening and cfDNA results are often confounded due to lingering fetal DNA or hormones from the demised fetus(es). These complications are underreported and poorly explained in current research and clinical guidances. Conclusions: Improved vanishing twin syndrome management requires early chorionicity assessment, updated screening protocols, and training on compassionate disclosure. Evidence-based guidelines should account for screening artifacts, placental sequelae, and bereavement care. Future studies must stratify outcomes by gestational age at loss, chorionicity, and ART exposure to clarify risks and optimize care.
Increasing Hospitalizations from Ischemic Colitis for the Years 2001-2009: A Nationwide Analysis: ACG /AstraZeneca Fellow Award

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose: To assess the burden of Ischemic colitis in the United States using a national database of inpatient utilization. Methods: We did a cross sectional study utilizing data from the National Hospital Discharge Survey (NHDS) for the years 2001-2009 to examine the morbidity and mortality from ischemic colitis (IC). International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification code 557.9 was used to identify ischemic colitis related visits. Results: Over the period 2001-2009, NHDS sampled over 1.55 million hospital discharges, of which there were 1095 hospital admissions with a primary discharge diagnosis of ischemic colitis. During this period hospital discharges for IC increased threefold from 4 per 10,000 discharges to 11 per 10,000 (Figure 1). Mean age of this cohort was 69 years, the mean duration of hospitalization was 6 days. Seventy five percent of the study population was female (n=817). The overall mortality from IC during each admission was 5.8%. The factors which predicted increased mortality during hospital stay were male gender, advanced age (mean, 78 years), longer duration of hospitalization (mean, 9 days), marital status(single, divorced, widowed, separated), hospitals with less than 200 beds (Table 1). Hospitals in the Western region of United States had highest mortality. Race was not a predictor of mortality.Figure: No Caption available.Table: Predictors of mortality from ischemic colitis during hospitalizationConclusion: The NHDS data for the decade 2001-2009 reveal that there is yearly increase in hospitalizations in United States from ischemic colitis. The high mortality and increasing hospitalizations denote an increase in health related expenditure. A population based epidemiologic study will help better clarify the reasons for rise in hospital admissions.
Design of an interpolated controller for stabilization of a plant with variable operating condition

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, the stabilization of a linear SISO plant with variable operating condition is considered. The plant is described by a linear interpolation of proper stable co-prime factorizations of the transfer functions at two representative operating points. An interpolation of the stabilizing controllers for the representative models is designed to stabilize the plant, and the necessary and sufficient condition for the plant to be stabilized. by the proposed controller is presented using the Nevanlinna-Pick interpolation theory [4, 5]. It is shown that the class of stabilization plants via the proposed controller in the paper is larger than that by the controller in reference [3]. An example is also given to illustrate this fact.
Sex Pheromone Receptor-Derived Peptide Biosensor for Efficient Monitoring of the Cotton Bollworm Helicoverpa armigera

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (H. armigera), causes damage to a wide range of cultivated crops and is one of the pests with the greatest economic importance for global agriculture. Currently, the detection of H. armigera is based on manual sampling. A low limit of detection (LOD), convenient, and real-time monitoring method is urgently needed for its early warning and efficient management. Here, we characterized the amino acid sequence in the sex pheromone receptors (SPRs) recognizing the pheromone components of H. armigera by three-dimensional (3D) modeling and molecular docking. Next, sex pheromone receptor-derived peptides (SPRPs) were synthesized and conjugated to nanotubes by chemical connection. The modified nanotubes were used to fabricate a sensor capable of real-time monitoring of gaseous sex pheromone compounds with a low LOD (∼10 ppb for Z11-16:Ald) and selectivity, and the sensor was able to detect a single live H. armigera. Furthermore, the developed biosensor allowed direct monitoring of the pheromone release dynamics by female H. armigera and showed that the release was instantly reduced in response to light. Here, we report the first demonstration of a biosensing method for detecting gaseous sex pheromones and live H. armigera. The findings show the great potential of the SPRP sensor for broad applications in insect biology study and infestation monitoring.
Mapping of cytochrome P-450 distribution and function with monoclonal antibodies and cDNA expression.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

A large number of cytochrome P-450 forms are responsible for the metabolism and detoxification as well as the mutagenic and carcinogenic activation of numerous classes of xenobiotics. These include drugs and carcinogens and other environmental chemicals. The cytochrome P-450 enzymes are also responsible for the metabolism of endogenous substrates including fatty acids, prostaglandins and all classes of steroids. In order to fully understand the role of each P-450 in a specific metabolic reaction, it is necessary to know both the substrate and product specificity of each P-450 as well as the contribution of the individual P-450 to the total metabolism catalyzed in a tissue containing many P-450 forms. Our laboratory has cloned and expressed, with various vectors, a number of rodent and human P-450s. This technique has enabled us to determine the specificity of individual forms of P-450 for certain substrate utilization and product formation, as well as for the metabolic activation of promutagens to their mutagenic forms. The latter has been measured with the Ames mutagen detection system coupled to mutagen activation by vaccinia expressed single P-450s. Mutagenesis and DNA binding have also been measured with a human cell line stably expressing a single P-450. The former approach determines the specificity of single P-450s in cell lysates and the latter determines P-450 specificity in the living cell. In a complementary approach, we have prepared, characterized and utilized inhibitory monoclonal antibodies to six epitope specific classes of P-450. The inhibitory antibodies block the enzymatic activities of specific P-450s in tissue preparations and thus define the contribution of the single P-450 to the total reaction. This approach can be used to measure many P-450 functions, e.g., substrate utilization, product formation, stereochemical metabolism, mutagen activation, drug toxicity, and DNA binding. The two complementary techniques of cDNA expression and immunoinhibition have been used to examine a number of different classes of compounds with respect to their metabolism and mutagen activation. These approaches may eventually yield an atlas of individual P-450 function and their contribution to the total metabolism of xenobiotics and endobiotics.