jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Auditory object-motion perception during actual self-motion

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

We investigated the effect of actual self-motion on auditory object-motion detection. There have been several studies that investigate how eye, head, and whole body movements modulate visual motion processing. However, less is known about their effects on auditory motion processing. Our previous study showed that sounds moving in the congruent directions with visually induced self-motion were detected more quickly and more accurately than those in the conflicting directions, when sounds were presented in rear space (Teramoto et al., 2006 IMRF). In the present study, we used a rotary chair surrounded with random dots and two loudspeakers attached on either the front or the back of the chair, in order to confirm the phenomenon in a more realistic environment. Observers were asked to judge in which direction a sound appeared to move, leftward or rightward, while being rotated around their vertical axis. The results for the rear space condition were consistent with our previous study. On the other hand, those for the front space condition showed that sounds moving in the conflicting directions with self-motion were detected more accurately. The implications of these results are discussed in light of the contribution of the self-motion mechanisms to auditory spatiotemporal processing.
LiF の熱ルミネッセンス及びエキソ電子放射グロー曲線の解析

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The measurement of thermally stimulated exoelectron emission (TSEE) of X-ray irradiated (at room temperature) LiF-samples is made over the temperature range from room temperature to -450℃, and the numerical analysis of experimental glow peak at about 480ﾟK is carried out to examine the mechanism of TSEE of this peak. Comparing calculated results with experimental ones, several parameters which are included in the kinetic equations based on the Maxwell-tail model and the Auger-type model are determined. To check the results of the calculation, the TLmeasurement of the same samples is carried out and the results are compared with the calculated results. It is found that the TSEE peak at about 480ﾟK and the TL peak at about 412ﾟK are due to the same electron trap and the Maxwell-tail model is suitable for the explanation of their mechanism.
Fine structure of spatial diode photoresponse profiles measured while scanning a narrow strip-shaped illumination spot with FPA diode

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The three-dimensional Monte Carlo simulation of charge-carrier diffusion in a mercury-cadmium-tellurium based focal plane array (FPA) was used to calculate the spatial diode photoresponse profiles measured while scanning a narrow strip-shaped illumination spot with a selected FPA diode in the limit of largest and lowest diode photocurrents. The simulation was performed for a standard 2D n-on-p FPA with square photodiodes. Fine features in measured spot-scan profiles due to the presence of FPA structure were identified, and the de-pendence of these features on the boundary conditions for diffusing charge carriers at the n-type diode regions was demonstrated. An explanation to the shape of the profiles, fully con-sistent with the computational procedure of the problem, is given.
Effects of Marigold Extract on Laying Performance,Egg Quality and Yolk Cholesterol Content in Suqin Green-Shelled Laying Hens

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of dietary different marigold extract levels on laying performance,egg quality,and yolk cholesterol content of laying hens.One hundred and sixty 28-weekold Suqin green-shelled laying hens with a similar laying rate were assigned to 4 groups with 4 replicates in each group and 10 laying hens per replicate.The diet of the control group was no marigold extract,while the diets of experimental groups contained 0.05%,0.10% and 0.20% marigold extract(the contents of lutein were 12.5,25.0 and 50.0 mg/kg),respectively.The experiment lasted for 42 d.The results showed that there was no significant difference in laying performance among all the 4 groups(P 0.05).At day 14 of the experiment,the Haugh unit in the 0.10% and 0.20% marigold extract groups was significantly higher than that in the control group(P 0.05).The yolk color in the marigold extract groups was significantly deeper than that in the control group(P 0.05).At day 28 of the experiment,the Haugh unit in the 0.10% and 0.20% marigold extract groups was significantly higher than that in the control group(P 0.05).The yolk color in the 0.20% marigold extract group was significantly deeper compared with the other groups(P 0.05).At day 42 of the experiment,the Haugh unit in the 0.20% marigold extract group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P 0.05).The yolk color in the 0.20% marigold extract group was significantly deeper than that in the other groups(P 0.05).There was no significant difference in yolk cholesterol content among all the 4 groups(P 0.05).In conclusions,dietary 0.20% marigold extract can increase the Haugh unit and yolk color,while without harmful effects are found in laying performance and yolk cholesterol content.
Interaction of Antioxidant Biobased Epicatechin Conjugates with Biomembrane Models

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

(-)-Epicatechin conjugates with sulfur-containing moieties are strong free radical scavengers with cell-protecting activities, which may be in part modulated by their capacity to bind to biological membranes. We present here a study of the interaction of these conjugates with membrane models such as multilamellar vesicles and a phospholipid-coated silica column (immobilized artificial membrane), monitored by differential scanning calorimetry and high-performance liquid chromatography, respectively. The nonpolyphenolic moiety significantly influenced the membrane behavior of the whole molecules. Bulky and hydrophobic conjugates clearly interacted with the phospholipids and may have a tendency to penetrate into the hydrophobic core of the vesicles. In contrast, the smaller cationic 4beta-(2-aminoethylthio)epicatechin may be located at the outer interface of the lipid membrane. The outcomes from both experimental set-ups were in good agreement. The differences detected in the biological activities of the conjugates may be explained in part by their tendency to penetrate the cell membrane.
Research on the tracking algorithm for multiple abnormal targets of micro spectral image

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Target tracking under microscopic spectrum is a hot topic in computer vision. Because of its motion characteristics, there are some problems, such as small area dither, segmentation difficulty and so on, an improved tracking algorithm for multiple abnormal targets of micro spectral image is proposed in this paper. Based on acquiring the gradient vector flow in the dithering region of image, the original images in the process of multiple abnormal targets tracking are reconstructed. Through the motion process deduction, the more accurate curve of two-dimensional image composed of feature points of image segmentation boundary is obtained. In the process of tracking the moving target contour in the dither state, the parameter model of the Gauss distribution of the moving image background is constructed by integrating the statistical theory. The experimental results show that the improved tracking algorithm can effectively improve the robustness of the tracking algorithm.
Stability Analysis and Switching Criteria for Adaptive Implicit Methods Based on the CFL Condition

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

ABSTRACT Adaptive implicit methods seek an efficient middle ground between IMPES and fully implicit time stepping. The principal issue in implementation of these methods is the switching criterion that determines whether a given unknown is implicit or explicit. We develop and justify a criterion based on the Courant-Friedrichs-Lewy (CFL) stability condition. This could also be used for time-step control in IMPES models by indicating the maximum stable time step. First, we analyze simple problems theoretically and find that adaptive implicit stability, like fully explicit stability, depends on a CFL condition. Next, we develop a switching criterion for a black-oil model and indicate how it could be extended to compositional simulation. The CFL-based criterion involves quantities that an implicit Jacobian must already compute, so its use costs virtually nothing. Each unknown has its own CFL number at every outer Newton iteration, so any combination of implicit and explicit unknowns is possible and a given unknown may switch back and forth through time. While discussing the simple problems, we analyze and compare three adaptive implicit methods that have been suggested in the literature. One of the methods yields better answers by reducing numerical dispersion. Also, its CFL restriction for practical calculations is looser than those of the other methods, allowing it to make more unknowns explicit.
The Effect of Acid Addition on Certain Properties of Polyamide 66 Polimeric Membranes

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this study, four polymeric solutions were prepared to contain 10% of different additives—benzoic, adipic, tartaric, and citric acids—relative to the amount of polyamide 66 (PA66), with the total composition comprising 20% PA66 and 80% hydrochloric acid (HCl). The objective was to analyze these additives' influence on the resulting membranes' microstructure. The polymeric solutions were evaluated for viscosity, and the membranes produced with each additive were characterized in terms of water absorption capacity, porosity, water flux, maximum pore radius, and water vapor permeation. Incorporating acids with varying molecular weights (MW) into the PA66 solutions resulted in a progressive increase in viscosity, corresponding to the increase in molecular weight of the respective additive.
The real‐world applicability of the 2023 international myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody‐associated disease criteria in a Latin American cohort

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background and Purpose The diagnostic criteria for myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody (MOG‐IgG)‐associated disease (MOGAD) were published in 2023. We aimed to determine the performance of the new criteria in Latin American (LATAM) patients compared with the 2018 criteria and explore the significance of MOG–IgG titers in diagnosis. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of LATAM (Argentina, Chile, Brazil, Peru, Ecuador, and Colombia) adult patients with one clinical MOGAD event and MOG‐IgG positivity confirmed by cell‐based assay. Both 2018 and 2023 MOGAD criteria were applied, calculating diagnostic performance indicators. Results Among 171 patients (predominantly females, mean age at first attack = 34.1 years, mean disease duration = 4.5 years), 98.2% patients met the 2018 criteria, and of those who did not fulfill diagnostic criteria ( n = 3), all tested positive for MOG‐IgG (one low‐positive and two without reported titer). Additionally, 144 (84.2%) patients met the 2023 criteria, of whom 57 (39.5%) had MOG‐IgG+ titer information (19 clearly positive and 38 low‐positive), whereas 87 (60.5%) patients had no MOG‐IgG titer. All 144 patients met diagnostic supporting criteria. The remaining 27 patients did not meet the 2023 MOGAD criteria due to low MOG‐IgG ( n = 12) or lack of titer antibody access ( n = 15), associated with the absence of supporting criteria. The 2023 MOGAD criteria showed a sensitivity of 86% (95% confidence interval = 0.80–0.91) and specificity of 100% compared to the 2018 criteria. Conclusions These findings support the diagnostic utility of the 2023 MOGAD criteria in an LATAM cohort in real‐world practice, despite limited access to MOG‐IgG titration.
A scalable model for trilayer conjugated polymer actuators and its experimental validation

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Conjugated polymers have promising applications as actuators in biomimetic robotics and bio/micromanipulation. For these applications, it is highly desirable to have predictive models available for feasibility study and design optimization. In this paper a geometrically-scalable model is presented for trilayer conjugated polymer actuators based on the diffusive-elastic-metal model. The proposed model characterizes actuation behaviors in terms of intrinsic material parameters and actuator dimensions. Experiments are conducted on polypyrrole actuators of different dimensions to validate the developed scaling laws for the quasi-static force and displacement output, the electrical admittance, and the dynamic displacement response.
NiFe-LDH/BiVO4–BOD Photocatalytic Fuel Cell for Bias-Free and Selective 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural Oxidation to 2,5-Furandicarboxylic Acid

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The efficient conversion of renewable biomass into value-added products is essential for sustainable development. In this work, we report a two-chamber photocatalytic fuel cell (PFC) consisting of a NiFe-LDH/BiVO4/FTO photoanode and a BOD/TCPP/BP/ITO biocathode, which allows for the simultaneous accomplishment of energy conversion and bias-free production of 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA). After optimization, the PFC achieves a maximum power density of 859.0 ± 3.0 μW cm-2 at 0.52 V. TEMPO-mediated 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) oxidation occurs spontaneously within the PFC upon illumination due to the potential difference between the photoanode and biocathode, effectively and selectively converting HMF to FDCA with a yield (%) and Faradaic efficiency of approximately 100%, and possesses good durability after six cycles (30 h) of FDCA production (retaining 90.8% of its initial value). Therefore, the proposed PFC offers a promising solution to the challenges associated with the conversion of renewable biomass.
REPORT LXXVI. THE CLINICAL DIAGNOSIS AND SURGICAL TREATMENT OF TUBERCULOSIS OF THE TEMPORAL BONE, CONSIDERED WITH REFERENCE TO THE PATHOLOGY AND MORBID ANATOMY OF THE DISEASE

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In Column A are tlle numiiber of red cells per c.mrm. as found by countnng in the ordinary way on a Zeiss slide.A dilution of I ill 200 in the umethyl violet diluting fluid was used for this purpose, eight large squares each consisting of sixteen siimall squares being counted.For column B 5 c.rnm. of time first dilution were takeni and mixeS with 495 c.mm. of the eosin solution.This gives a final dilution of I in 20,000.Yrom this dilution drops were blowln on to slides fromii one of the specially graduated 5 c.mmn.pipettes.Tllese were dried and mounted in -Canada balsam.One slide was selected and counted.Since the dilution wvas I in 20,0o0 and the total red cells in 5 c.amn. were counted, the total count multiplied by 20,000.5 ==4,000 gives tlle number of red cells per c.mm.The numbers so obtained are given in coluiimn 15.
The C79G Polymorphism of the β2-Adrenergic Receptor Gene, ADRB2, and Susceptibility to Pediatric Asthma: Meta-Analysis from Review of the Literature

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

BACKGROUND The ADRB2 gene encodes the ß2-adrenergic receptor (ß2-AR). This study aimed to determine the association between the C79G polymorphism of the ADRB2 gene and its association with pediatric asthma using a meta-analysis of the published data. MATERIAL AND METHODS Review of publications up to May 2018 was from the PubMed, EMBASE, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and WanFang databases. The odds ratio (ORs) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were used in evaluating the strength of the reported association between the C79G polymorphism of the ADRB2 gene and pediatric asthma. RESULTS There were 18 controlled studies that included 2,982 pediatric cases of asthma and 2,651 controls. Expression of the C79G polymorphism of the ADRB2 gene was significantly associated with risk of pediatric asthma associated with the C or G allele with comparison of the co-dominant model (GG vs. CC: OR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.55-0.88) and the recessive model (GG vs. CC+CG: OR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.53-0.81). Subgroup analysis by ethnicity showed a significantly reduced risk of pediatric asthma in Asian patients for comparison of the co-dominant model (GG vs. CC: OR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.45-0.78), the recessive model (GG vs. CC+CG: OR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.45-0.76), and the allelic model (G vs. C: OR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.79-0.99). CONCLUSIONS The C79G polymorphism of the ADRB2 gene encoding ß2-AR was associated with a reduced risk for the development of pediatric asthma, particularly in the Asian population.
Ab Initio Study of Geminal Steric Hindrance Effects on the Stability of Conformations of Cyclohexane Derivatives

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Ab initio and density functional theory methods (HF/3-21G*//HF/3-21G*, MP2/3-21G*//HF/3-21G*, B3LYP/3-21G*//HF/3-21G*, B3LYP/LANL2DZ*//HF/LANL2DZ*, MP2/LANL2DZ*//HF/LANL2DZ* and HF/LANL2DZ*//HF/LANL2DZ*) used to investigate the conformational properties of cyclohexane, 1,1-dimethylcyclohexane, 1,1-di-tert-butylcyclohexane, 1,1-bis(trimethylsilanyl)cyclohexane, 1,1-bis(trimethylgermanyl)cyclohexane and 1,1-bis(trimethylstannyl)cyclohex ane showed that the energy difference between the chair and twist-boat conformations and also the ring flipping energy barrier decreases from cyclohexane, 1,1-dimethylcyclohexane to 1,1-di-tert-butylcyclohexane, and increases from 1,1-bis(trimethylsilanyl)cyclohexane, 1,1-bis(trimethylgermanyl)cyclohexane to 1,1-bis(trimethylstannyl)cyclohexane.
Pregnancies in Humans by Fertilization in Vitro and Embryo Transfer in the Controlled Ovulatory Cycle

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Normal pregnancies have been established in four women with tubal infertility by fertilization in vitro, embryo culture, and embryo transfer after stimulation of follicular growth with clomiphene citrate. In three of these women the time of oocyte maturation was controlled by human chorionic gonadotropin. This procedure for the control of ovulatory response has many advantages when compared with the previously successful method of using the natural ovulatory cycle.
Additional Twists on A Continuous Barber - Pole Illusion

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The barber pole illusion is a well-known example of how the perceived direction of motion of an inherently ambiguous one-dimensional pattern is influenced by the shape of the area covered by the pattern. Similar effects may be observed for a stimulus which is restricted to a narrow band of spatial frequencies: when a sinusoidal grating is drifted behind a two-dimensional Gaussian contrast window having unequal standard deviations, the direction of perceived motion is biased in the direction of the major axis of the elliptical window (Mulligan, ARVO 1991). We have extended these results to provide insight into possible mechanisms responsible for the effect.
Crystal and molecular structure of tris-(2,2′-bipyridyl)copper(II) perchlorate

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The crystal and molecular structure of the title compounds has been determined from three-dimensional single crystal X-ray diffraction data, collected by counter techniques. Crystals are triclinic, space group P, with Z= 2 in a unit cell of dimensions: a= 12·673(17), b= 18·440(21), c= 7·937(7)Å, α= 90·37(14)°, β= 120·56(13)°, and γ= 98·80(11)°. The structure was refined by full-matrix least-squares methods on alternate sets of atoms to R 0·091 for 3972 observed reflections. The monomeric complex ions exhibit a distorted octahedral configuration, with unequal distortions of the axial Cu–N bonds. Mean distances: Cu–N(eq) is 2·031(6), Cu–N(ax) 2·226(7), and 2·450(7)Å.
Optimization of neural network structure using involution operator based on particle swarm optimization for image classification

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Deep neural networks have made signifi-cant progress in image classification in recent years, however good deep neural networks take a lot of hu-man labor and computational resources, and they must be developed by person with professional expe-rience. Most good deep neural networks now employ convolution operators for feature extraction, however due to convolution spatially agnostic and channel-specific, they lose their capacity to deal with diverse spaces and visual modes. As a result, this article uses a new operator involution based on the inverse con-volution operator's design principle, which is com-bined with the particle swarm optimization algorithm's (PSO) high precision and quick convergence features, as well as the variable length encoding approach. Convolution operator problems can be solved, and the most effective deep neural network structure for the image classification problem can be generated automatically. Experiments demonstrate that the neu-ral network structure created by the method presented in this study outperforms several similar algorithms in terms of recognition accuracy and number of pa-rameters generated, as well as saving a lot of time and computer resources.
Genome-wide Association Study of Lipid Traits in Youth With Type 2 Diabetes

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Context Dyslipidemia is highly prevalent in youth with type 2 diabetes (T2D), yet the pathogenic components of dyslipidemia in youth with T2D are poorly understood. Objective To evaluate the genetic determinants of lipid traits in youth with T2D through a genome-wide association study. Design, Participants, and Main Outcome Measures We genotyped 206 928 variants and imputed 17 642 824 variants in 1076 youth (mean age 15.0 ± 2.48 years) with T2D from the Treatment Options for Type 2 Diabetes in Adolescents and Youth (TODAY) and SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth (SEARCH) studies as part of the Progress in Diabetes Genetics in Youth (ProDiGY) consortium. We performed association testing for triglyceride and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) concentrations adjusted for the genetic relationship matrix within each substudy followed by meta-analyses for each trait. Results We identified a novel association between a deletion on chromosome 3 (3:67817380_AT/A_Deletion:RP11-81N13.1) and triglyceride levels at genome-wide level of significance (P = 2.3 × 10−8) with each risk allele increasing triglycerides by 20%. We also identified a genome-wide significant signal at rs247617 (P = 5.1 × 10−9) between HERFUD1 and CETP associated with HDL-c, with carriers of 1 copy of the risk allele having twice higher HDL-c. Conclusions Our genetic analyses of lipid traits in youth with T2D have identified 1 novel and 1 previously known locus. Additional studies are needed to further characterize the genetic architecture of dyslipidemia in youth with T2D.
The Optimization of Extraction and Purification Methods of Capsanthin

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In view of the extensive application of ultrasonic technology in the field of plant components extraction,starting from the point of view of environmental protection and resource-saving,use different solvents with different purification methods to analyze and demonstrate the characteristics of the two extraction methods of capsanthin as ultrasound-assisted and mixing through the color value of capsanthin crude and purified products,product prices,extraction by-products and other aspects.The results show that the color value of ultrasonic extraction is high,but lower yield.Using ethyl acetate as the solvent,ultrasonic assisted extraction of 30 min,the color value of 155.6 of crude products can be gotten.After column chromatography,get the color value of 549.3 of purification and higher purity pigment.By mixing assisted extraction method,the color value is low and the yield is high.Take ethanol as solvent,mixing assisted crude extraction obtained low cost,high yield,the yield can reach to 7.71% for 30 min,at the same time,it can make more use of by-products.