jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Encephalitis & hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis secondary to dengue hemorrhagic fever: A case report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH)1 is a fatal disease that may occur as a primary inherited or secondary due to several causes, including infections such as dengue. Encephalitis and encephalopathy are the most common neurological presentations of dengue. A 17-year-old female, after the critical period of dengue, developed tachycardia, rigidity, deteriorating consciousness level, seizures, and stereotyped movements. Fever did not remit and was subsequently diagnosed as HLH with ferritin more than 30,000 ng/mL and treated with steroids. This case report describes a patient who survived despite having an unusual combination of dengue hemorrhagic fever, encephalitis, and HLH.
THE REACTION RATE OF POTASSIUM IODIDE WITH DIBROMIDES OF THE ETHYLENE BROMIDE TYPE

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTHE REACTION RATE OF POTASSIUM IODIDE WITH DIBROMIDES OF THE ETHYLENE BROMIDE TYPERobert T. DillonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1932, 54, 3, 952–960Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1932Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1932https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01342a016https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01342a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views123Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Mechanism of pyridoxal phosphate-dependent enzymatic amino-acid racemization

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Conversion of L-[α-2H]alanine in H2O and unlabelled L-alanine in 2H2O into D-alanine, under nearly single-turnover conditions, with tyrosine phenol-lyase and with amino-acid racemase from Pseudomonas striata showed significant internal return of the α-hydrogen; the results support a single base mechanism for the racemization reactions catalysed by these two pyridoxal phosphate enzymes but with a third enzyme, alanine racemase from E. coli, the results were inconclusive, showing no detectable α-hydrogen return.
Effect of a velocity gradient on the shear viscosity of a solution in the critical region

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

An experimental study is made of the effect of a gradient of the fluid velocity on the value of the shear viscosity in a critical guaiacol-glycerin solution with a stratification region as the lower critical temperature for stratification is approached. It is shown that the interaction of concentration fluctuations with a gradient of the fluid velocity effectively decreases the measured value of the viscosity and that a theoretical description of the experimental results can be given by taking into account the breakdown of the Newtonian behavior of the viscosity near the critical temperature for stratification.
Modelling Digital Circular Economy framework in the Agricultural Sector. An Application in Southern Italy

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The transition towards circular economy (CE) in agriculture requires a large amount of data in order to map the consumption of natural resources and negative externalities. This paper aims to identify a digital framework for collecting and sharing data fundamental for stakeholders with the purpose of implementing the best CE model. The methodology used is based on the guidelines of the \nstakeholder engagement and through a survey, and the authors have mapped the lack of data and built a set by replicable sustainability indicators. The results obtained can be used for the definition of regional policy strategies and interventions for CE model implementation
CpG-ODN: a novel anti-tumor sensitizer

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

CpG oligodeoxynucleotide(CpG-ODNs),which is widely used in radiotherapy,chemotherapy and the surgical treatment,can enhance treating effects,improve the patients' immunity,reduce the risk of complications and improve patients' quality of life.The basic concept,the structure,the functioning mechanism and anti-tumor effects of CpG-ODN are introduced.The application of CpG-ODN as a novel anti-tumor sensitizer in the tumor treatment with combination of radiotherapy,chemotherapy and surgical operation is specially discussed.
Surface States of Lipid Monolayers Containing Gangliosides

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Surface states of lipid monolayers containing ganglioside and cholesterol (Chol) were observed using atomic force microscopy (AFM). AFM images of the ganglioside GD1a (GD1a)/dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC)/Chol (0.5:6:3) and the GD1a/DPPC/dioleoylphosphatidylcholine (DOPC)/Chol (0.5:6:6:3) monolayers showed a dendritic cell-like domain and a mononuclear cell-like domain, respectively. AFM images of the GD1a/ganglioside GT1b (GT1b)/DPPC/DOPC/Chol (0.4:0.1:6:6:3) monolayer showed two patterns of mononuclear cell-like domain and cellular domain without a nucleus every additional 5 mN/m of surface pressure, while AFM images of the GD1a/GT1b/DPPC/DOPC/Chol (0.1:0.4:6:6:3) monolayer showed mononuclear cell-like domain at all surface pressures of 15–30 mN/m. These results suggested that a small amount of each ganglioside played a specific role in another ganglioside-rich monolayer: a small amount of GD1a functioned as a structure maker of the mononuclear cell-like domain, while a small amount of GT1b functioned as a structure breaker of the mononuclear cell-like domain, which seemed to be an on/off function.
Simulation of elevated T-waves of an ECG inside a static magnetic field (MRI)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In MRI, the flow of blood in the patient is subjected to a strong static magnetic field (B(0)). The movement of charge carriers in a magnetic field causes a magnetofluid dynamic (MFD) effect that induces a voltage across the artery. This induced voltage distorts the ECG signal of the patient and appears as an elevation of the T-wave of the ECG signal. Flow of blood through the aortic arch is perpendicular to the magnetic-field and coincides with the occurrence of the T-wave of the ECG. Based on these facts, it is proposed that the elevation in the T-wave occurs because of the voltage induced across the aortic arch. In this paper, the elevation is computed mathematically using the equations of MFD. A method is developed to measure this induced voltage based on discretization of the aortic arch and measuring the blood flow profile in the aorta. The results are compared to the ECG signals measured in humans in the bore of 1.5 T imaging magnet. The computed ECG signals at the 12 leads are very similar to the measured values.
How Well-Anchored are Long-term Inflation Expectations in Latin America?

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

In the late 1990s and early 2000s, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, and Peru (hereafter referred to as the Latin 5) adopted inflation targeting frameworks as their monetary policy strategy, allowing greater exchange rate variability than in the past. By taking this step, policy makers aimed to put an end to a historical record of high and variable inflation.
A new concept in the control of iron deficiency: community-based preventive supplementation of at-risk groups by the weekly intake of iron supplements.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Iron deficiency (ID), defined as an insufficient supply of iron to the cells of the body after iron reserves have been exhausted, is the most prevalent single nutritional deficiency, affecting over 2,000 million people, mostly in the developing world. Infants, small children, adolescents and pregnant and fertile-age women are most vulnerable. Only about 50% of people with ID develop iron deficiency anemia (IDA), since this is a late manifestation of chronic ID. Based on the average daily iron requirement and on the rate of iron reutilization from red cell hemoglobin destruction, it can be estimated that after iron stores have been depleted, it takes about 4 months of ID erythropoiesis for adult women to have a drop in hemoglobin concentration [Hb] of 10 g/l, if the iron intake is only 70% of requirement. IDA can be defined by a [Hb] below an appropriate cut-off point for age, sex, physiological condition and altitude above sea level, or by a [Hb] increment of more than 10 g/l to the administration of adequate doses of iron. More than 85% of the nutritional anemias are IDA alone, or of iron combined with folate or other nutrient deficiencies.
Cross Talk Between Functional Foods and Gut Health

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The phrase “Let food be the medicine and medicine be the food,” coined by Hippocrates over 2500 years ago is receiving a lot of interest today as food scientists and consumers realize the many health benefits of certain foods. Lately, consumer's choice in food consumption has improved considerably due to the acknowledgment of the fact that foods influence the overall human health. There has been a growing interest over the years to explore beneficial gut microbiota and different interventions are devised to modulate the microbiota through the use of probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics. Besides improving intestinal health, functional food ingredients also have the potential to restore the gut homeostasis during intestinal disorders conditions. The human gut has a marked effect on the nutritional and health status of the host due to the presence of diverse bacterial species, which develop important metabolic and immune functions. This makes intestinal microbiota a target for nutritional and therapeutic interventions and a factor which influence the biological activity of other food compounds .This chapter attempts to highlight how the reciprocal interactions take place between the gut microbiota and functional food components and how these interactions affect human health and manage various metabolic disorders.
Statistical models for the dynamics of brand equity

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this research is to propose statistical models, develop certain procedures/approaches needed to estimate these models, and when marketing data are available, provide insights about brand equity dynamics in marketing practice, especially firm-based brand equity. In this dissertation, two categories of models are explored. In Chapter II, autoregressive models with exogeneous inputs (ARX) are proposed for brand structural analysis. These models are useful when brand values are known, and the sample size is relatively small. Another category of models, state space models, are proposed when brand values are unavailable. In Chapter III and IV, an approach or a procedure is proposed or designed to guess initial parameter values for a certain iteration algorithm. Moreover, Moreover, mathematical optimization methods are introduced and integrated to estimate unknown parameters of the models for brand equity dynamics. There are at least two important findings. Firstly, the implementation of brand value structure analysis can be realized through the application of an ARX model and the assessment of a firm’s brand management performance is possible. Secondly, innovative approaches must be developed to guess the starting values for iterations and to estimate parameter values of different state space models. These findings are from this innovative and contributive research. Through brand structure analysis, a novel effort in research on brand equity dynamics, brand financial performance outcome is linked with brand equity sources, while long-term brand value is distinguished from short-term performance. The analysis helps brand managers to obtain the insights into the brand performance and the ability to focus on long-term outcomes of marketing campaigns. Moreover, innovative approaches are proposed in applying state space models for brand equity dynamics analysis. Weight least square method is used in guessing the initial parameter values for a state space model with one input series and one state series. For a state space model with two input series and two state series, as well as nonlinear constraints, a procedure is designed to guess the initial parameter values. Moreover, nonlinear mathematical optimization methods are introduced and integrated to estimate the parameter values during the implementation of the expectation-maximization algorithm.
Future of Green Products in Pakistan: An Empirical Study about Green Purchase Intentions

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Success of Green products becomes very necessary to keep our earth alive and help the human race to sustain. The purpose of this study is to identify the important factors that influence the green purchase intentions of the people of Pakistan. A self-administered questionnaire technique is use to analyze the green purchase intention of the people. Green purchase intention of people is tested by their green awareness, green perceived trust, green perceived value, green perceived risk and environmental responsibility. Multiple regression analysis is used to check the effects of green awareness, green perceived trust, green perceived risk, green perceived value and environmental responsibility on green purchase intention. Regression analysis showed that green perceived value is the top predictor of Pakistan adolescent’ green purchase intentions. The relationship between green awareness and green purchase intention is insignificant and weak. The relationship between green perceived trust and green perceived risk is not supported and relationship between green perceived trust and green perceived value is very stronger. This paper is a vital source of information for national and international marketers about what works and what does not work in appealing to the consumers of Pakistan.
Dynamics of nano-scale liquid bridge

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Molecular dynamics simulations concerning a nano-scale liquid bridge between the solid walls are conducted. The 12-6 Lennard-Jones molecules corresponding to Argon are suspended between the platinum walls. The temperature of the wall is controlled by applying the phantom molecules. The temperature difference between the walls is applied after fully developing the system at a certain constant temperature for a long enough period. Net flow of the liquid-state molecules is observed in the bridge. The flow is almost two dimensional recirculating motion. The effect of the liquid bridge size and the temperature difference are discussed.
Melting experiments on ocelli and matrix samples from proterozoic lavas in South Africa

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Lavas (from the Eagle Brick Quarry, in the Ventersdorp Supergroup, South Africa) contain ocelli and matrix whose formation has been ascribed to liquid immiscibility. Samples have been remelted at atmospheric pressure and found to crystallise olivine and pigeonite. Microprobe analyses of the quenched glasses follow a trend similar to that found in synthetic systems with no indication of liquid immiscibility.
Identifying Factors and Techniques to Decrease the Positive Margin Rate in Partial Mastectomies: Have We Missed the Mark?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Breast conservation therapy (BCT) has a reported incidence of positive margins ranging widely in the literature from 20% to 70%. Efforts have been made to refine standards for partial mastectomy and to predict which patients are at highest risk for incomplete excision. Most have focused on histology and demographics. We sought to further define modifiable risk factors for positive margins and residual disease. A retrospective study was conducted of 567 consecutive partial mastectomies by 21 breast and general surgeons from 2009 to 2012. Four hundred fourteen cases of neoplasm were reviewed for localization, intraoperative assessment, excision technique, rates, and results of re-excision/mastectomy. Histologic margins were positive in 23% of patients, 25% had margins 0.1-0.9 mm, and 7% had tumor within 1-1.9 mm. Residual tumor was identified at-in 61 cases: 38% (disease at margin), 21% (0.1-0.9 mm), and 14% (1-1.9 mm). Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) was present in 85% of residual disease on re-excision and correlated to higher rates of re-excision (p = <0.001), residual disease, and subsequent mastectomy. The use of multiple needles to localize neoplasms was associated with 2-3 times the likelihood for positive margins than when a single needle was required. The removal of additional margins at initial surgery correlated with improved rates of complete excision when DCIS was present. Patients must have careful analysis of specimen margins at the time of surgery and may benefit from additional tissue excision or routine shaving of the cavity of resection. Surgeons should conduct careful patient selection for BCT, in the context of multifocal, and multicentric disease. Patients for whom tumor localization requires bracketing may be at higher risk for positive margins and residual disease and should be counseled accordingly.
Extending Polynomial Chaos to Include Interval Analysis

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Polynomial chaos theory (PCT) has been proven to be an efficient and effective way to represent and propagate uncertainty through system models and algorithms in general. In particular, PCT is a computationally efficient way to analyze and solve dynamic models under uncertainty. This paper presents a new way to use a polynomial expansion to incorporate uncertainties that are not expressed in terms of a probability density function (pdf). This paper presents the formalization of the process and some simple applications. The authors show that, within the framework introduced in this paper, it is possible to incorporate interval analysis. The long-term goal of this paper is to support the claim that the proposed framework can extract and represent uncertain behaviors in a form more general than previously used for these engineering problems. The proposed approach is first applied to an algebraic model and then to a differential equation model. The results thus obtained are analyzed in two different perspectives: 1) interpreting the PCT expansion as a fully probabilistic method and 2) in the framework of possibility theory. The conclusions in these two cases are compared and discussed.
Who Has Bugs?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

To the Editor.— Recently, a 26-month-old female child was brought into our emergency service by her mother who claimed that the child had "bugs." An extensive search for head lice, scabies, or any other evidence of infestation revealed nothing. When the mother was questioned again about where the bugs were, she pointed to the child's skin and tried to demonstrate that she too had them, by vigorously "rubbing" them out of her palms and forearms, again to no avail. It was then noticed that the mother was slightly tremulous and diaphoretic while obviously intensely concerned about the "bugs."
CsnA Dependent Development and Regulation of Amino Acid Biosynthesis of the Filamentous Ascomycete <i>Aspergillus nidulans</i>

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Die Familie der Aspergillen ist eine sehr heterogene Gruppe filamentöser Pilze. Aspergillus nidulans ist ein wichtiger eukaryotischer Modellorganismus für Metabolismus- und Entwicklungsstudien. Aspergillus oryzae ist von großer biotechnologischer Bedeutung in der asiatischen Lebensmittelindustrie, wohingegen der opportunistische humanpathogene Pilz A. fumigatus von wachsender medizinischer Bedeutung ist. Diese Arbeit konzentriert sich auf das COP9 Signalosom, einen essentiellen, eukaryontischen Entwicklungsregulator und die generelle Kontrolle der Aminosäurebiosynthese (gc). Die generelle Kontrolle regelt die zelluläre Antwort auf Aminosäuremangel. Beide Netzwerke sind von der Bäckerhefe bis zum Menschen hoch konserviert.Das COP9 Signalosom ist ein Multiproteinkomplex, dessen wichtigste zugehörige enzymatische Aktivitäten aus Kinase- und De-ubiquitinierungsaktivitäten und einer intrinsischen Deneddylaseaktivität bestehen. Diese Arbeit untersucht die Relevanz der ersten Untereinheit des COP9 Signalosoms CsnA anhand der Expression von verkürzten Proteinvarianten. csnA Deletionsmutanten weisen diverse pleiotrophe Phänotypen auf. Die Expression von verkürzten CsnA Peptiden ermöglichte es, die Funktionen des COP9 Signalosoms von Aktivitäten des CsnA Proteins zu trennen. Der CsnA C-Terminus ist wichtig für die Aufrechterhaltung des Komplexzusammenhalts und der COP9 Aktivitäten. Der CsnA N-Terminus hingegen scheint eine wichtige Rolle in der Regulation der Ausbildung von Lufthyphen zu spielen. Im Zuge der manuellen Annotation der Genome der Pilze A. nidulans, A. fumigatus und A. oryzae wurden grundlegende Gene der generellen Kontrolle der Aminosäurebiosynthese (cpc) im Vergleich zu niederen und höheren Eukaryonten untersucht. Die Resultate der Untersuchung zeigen, daß die grundlegenden Mechanismen der cpc der filamentösen Pilze eher denen der Hefen ähneln und etwas weniger komplex als bei höheren Organismen sind. Die externen und internen Sensoren und die Aufnahmesysteme für Aminosäuren hingegen scheinen eher denen höherer Eukaryonten zu ähneln als denen einzelliger Hefen. Die Ergebnisse weisen darauf hin, daß die Aufnahme- und Sensorsysteme für Aminosäuren einen Einfluß auf das Wachstum und die Entwicklung der Pilze haben könnten, wie man sie aus Säugersystemen kennt.Die Untersuchung des Transports des zentralen Transkriptionsfaktors der cpc CpcA in den Zellkern wurde in S. cerevisiae und A. nidulans untersucht. Für einen effizienten Transport in den Nukleus ist das Kernlokalisierungssignal von CpcA notwendig. In der Bäckerhefe wurden zwei Importine Srp1p und Kap95p identifiziert, die essentiell für den Kerntransport von CpcA sind. Diese wurden auch hoch konserviert in in silico Untersuchungen in den Aspergillengenomen wiedergefunden. Die hypothetischen Aspergillenproteine SrpA und KapA könnten auch in Aspergillus notwendig für den Kerntransport von CpcA sein.
Current treatment of acute perforated diverticulitis: the role of damage control surgery

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Maurizio Zizzo,1,2 Antonio Manenti,3 Lara Ugoletti,11Department of Oncology and Advanced Technologies, Surgical Oncology Unit, AUSL-IRCCS of Reggio Emilia - Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia, Italy; 2Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; 3Department of General Surgery, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria - Policlinico, Modena, ItalyWe were struck by Ceresoli et al’s1 article published in Journal of Inflammation Research in May 2018. The aim of the review was to investigate the role of inflammation in diverticular disease and in mild and complicated acute diverticulitis with particular attention to the current research and treatment perspectives.1 Based on the solid collaboration of the authors with the World Society of Emergency Surgery (WSES), a worldwide reference in the management of emergency surgical diseases, our attention was focused on the Damage Control Surgery (DCS) paragraph.View the original paper by Ceresoli and colleagues.