jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Nucleolar RNPs: from genes to functional snoRNAs in plants

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The snoRNAs (small nucleolar RNAs) and related scaRNAs (small RNAs in the Cajal bodies) represent a major class of nuclear RNAs that guide 2′-O-ribose methylation and pseudouridylation of rRNAs, snRNAs (small nuclear RNAs) and other RNA targets. In vivo, all snoRNAs associate with a set of four highly conserved nucleolar proteins, forming the functional snoRNPs (small nucleolar ribonucleoproteins). The core structure of these mature snoRNPs has now been well described in eukaryotes, but less is known of their biogenesis. Recent data in animals and yeast reveal that assembly of the snoRNPs is a complex process that implicates several auxiliary proteins and transient protein–protein interactions. This new level of snoRNP regulation is now beginning to be unravelled in animals and yeast, but remains unexplored in plants. In the present paper, we review recent data from genomic and functional analysis allowing the identification and study of factors controlling the biogenesis of plant snoRNPs and their impact on plant development.
Modeling spatial and temporal variability of sediment balance across a southern California watershed

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The focus of river restoration and management has shifted from local, site-specific projects to more holistic watershed-scale management. Consequently, tools that help to provide an understanding of river systems as a whole are necessary for managers. Of particular importance for river management is the concept of sediment balance: the balance between the supply of sediment from the surrounding watershed to the river system, and the ability of the river’s flow regime to transport that sediment. Alteration of either of these components by modification of the river or its surrounding watershed can lead to sediment surplus or sediment deficit, both of which can change the shape and function of a river. River floodplains play an important role in sediment balance, and various mechanisms allow rivers to store sediment, or recruit sediment from floodplains. Existing frameworks for quantifying sediment balance conditions and sediment movement through watersheds are generally applied to large areas and do not provide significant mechanistic information regarding channel-floodplain sediment exchange and transport. Others are detailed numerical models that do provide this information, but require extensive calibration of parameters that are difficult to measure, and can only be applied at individual reach scales. A need exists for a modeling framework that provides some mechanistic information, but can be generalized and readily applied to broader spatial extents. To address this gap, I developed a model that is driven by spatial data that represents actual conditions in real rivers. The model simulates the evolution of sediment balance conditions resulting from flow events in a watershed, accounting for various types of disturbance such as dams, wildfires and impacts from land uses such as agriculture. It also accounts for channel-floodplain sediment exchange, using proxies for mechanisms that are easily obtained from widely available datasets (e.g. digital elevation models). To visualize how sediment balance conditions propagate through river systems in response to flow events, the model can simulate either real (based on river gage data) or hypothetical floods. The model was calibrated using field data collected at various sites in the Santa Clara River (SCR) watershed of Southern California. It was then applied to the SCR to simulate how a flood event during February of 2017 affected sediment balance conditions. This model can serve as a valuable tool in planning and implementing river restoration projects by providing contextual information on specific project sites. By accounting for connectivity and propagation of disturbance throughout the basin, potential impacts to restoration projects and sites can be accounted for, and predictions made about how river structure may change through time.
Enthalpy and phase behavior of coal derived liquid mixtures. Technical progress report, January-March 1985

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

On July 15, 1984, work was initiated on a program to study the enthalpy and phase behavior of coal derived liquid model compound mixtures. During the third quarter modifications to both the calorimeter and the phase equilibria system were completed. The phase equilibria system was checked out against literature data for methanol/ethanol. Results of these tests are included in this report. The calorimeter was evaluated using previously confirmed heptane data and published data by Thinh, et al. These results are also reported. Initial calorimetry data have been obtained for tetralin and the data will be reported when the data set has been completed. 5 refs., 5 figs., 3 tabs.
Religion, Worldviews, and Integrated Instruction

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This chapter deals with Finnish class teachers' (N = 20) perceptions of the purpose of religious education and ethics in public education and the connection between those perceptions and their interpretations of integrated instruction. In the empirical study, based on the teachers' perceptions, three main purposes of religious education and ethics were formed: 1) moral and/or ethical education, 2) general knowledge education, and 3) instrumental education. The first category was focussed on discussion and dialogue on ethical issues, the second category emphasised developing general knowledge about religions and worldviews, and the third category was seen as a tool to prevent radicalisation and bullying and was thought to increase peace and tolerance. On the other hand, instrumentality was also critical towards commitment to any particular religious tradition. Notably, none of the class teachers defined learning about one's own religion as a purpose of religious education. Integrated teaching was seen as enabling dialogue, tolerance, and peace. Integrated and hybrid instruction were both seen as suitable for learning about moral and ethical issues, increasing general knowledge, and preventing radicalisation. In hybrid instruction, development of personal worldviews was seen as a strength.
XPS Analysis of Silicon Oxycarbide Formed on the Surface of Rf-Sputter Deposited SiC Thin Films

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Sputter deposited SiC films with and without annealing were characterized using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). A complex transition layer, containing silicon oxycarbide (SiCxOy), between the SiO2 layer grown during extended exposure to ambient air or annealing and SiC substrate was investigated. Furthermore, the presence of excessive amorphous carbon was detected in the near-surface region for annealed sample. We justified the differences of composition and chemical bonding in these two oxide layers in terms of different oxidation kinetics involved.
Environmental biosafety of genetically engineered crops: Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) as a model system

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) is considered as a model plant species for multipurpose uses with whole plant utilization for several purposes including industril, food, animal feed, fiber, nutraceutical, pharmaceutical, and bioproduct markets. Therefore, flax is in the process of genetic engineering to meet the market requirements. Prior to commercial release of genetically engineered (GE) flax, a risk assessment was conducted to determine intra- and inter-specific pollen-mediated gene flow and for quantifing and mitigating the adventitious presence (AP) of volunteer flax in canola (Brassica napus L.). The results of pollen-mediated gene flow study (crop-to-crop) suggest that about 1.85% outcrossing would occur in adjunct area, when two flax cultivars were grown in close proximity of 0.1 m apart. Some rare gene flow events were recorded maximum up to 35 m distance from the pollen source but at a very low frequency. The genus Linum has several wild and weedy species, distributed in many parts of the world. A meta-analysis was conducted to determine the potential for gene introgression from GE flax to wild relatives, the occurrence, the phylogeny of flax wild relatives and reported interspecific hybridization. The results demonstrated that cultivated flax has ability to hybridize and form viable F1 plants with at least nine species of Linum; however, none of these species have been reported to occur in Canada. Hybridization of flax with many other wild relatives has either not been studied or reported. However, based on the evidence of reported work, gene flow from GE flax to wild or weedy relatives may occur elsewhere depending on species distribution, sympatry, concurrent flowering, ploidy level and sexual compatibility. The results of the experiments to mitigate the adventitious presence of flax volunteers in canola suggest that combinations of pre-plant followed by post-emergence herbicides were most effective for reducing volunteer flax density and AP in glufosinate-resistant canola. Post-emergence application of imazamox+imazethapyr, however, was not effective for controlling volunteer flax in imidazolinone-resistant canola. Best management practices were developed to mitigate transgene movement from GE flax to ensure co-existance of GE, conventional and organic flax without market harm.
Clinical analysis of patients treated with bisphosphonates in our clinic

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Clinical analysis was performed in patients treated with bisphosphonates （BPs） in our clinic. The subjects were 112 patients who were treated in our department from June 2005 to February 2010. Twenty patients developed bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw （BRONJ）. Among these patients, 9 had received oral BPs for more than 1 year, and 11 had received intravenous BPs for more than 3 months. The mandible was involved in 13 patients and the maxilla in 7. Two patients （10.0％） were in stage 0, 3 （15.0％） in stage 1, 12 （60.0％） in stage 2, and 3 （15.0％） in stage 3. Among 92 patients without BRONJ, 38 received surgical treatment, and 54 received oral hygiene control. Seven of the 38 patients who underwent surgical treatment showed delayed healing. They also showed significantly decreased serum levels of N-telopeptide of type I collagen （NTX）. These findings, indicate that patients treated with oral BPs for more than 1 year or intravenous BPs for more than 3 months are at high risk for BRONJ and therefore should be managed carefully. SerumNTX may be an useful predictive marker of BRONJ for the perioperative management of patients treated with BPs.
An analysis of psychiatric inpatient admissions from a defined geographic catchment area over a one-year period.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The psychiatric inpatients from a defined geographic catchment area of 100,159 were analysed for the year 1986. The inpatient treated prevalence was 5 per 1,000 of the population over 15 years of age. There were 85 long-stay patients and 413 admissions during the year. Thirty-eight per cent of all admissions for 1986 had schizophrenic psychoses, 34% had alcohol and drug disorders, and 15% had affective disorders. Forty-nine per cent of first admissions had alcohol and drug disorders, and 28% had schizophrenic psychoses. Schizophrenic psychosis was the diagnosis in 61% of those patients who had more than 3 previous admissions. Substance abuse, acute schizophrenic psychosis and chronic schizophrenic psychosis accounted for 72% of admissions for 1986. The duration of stay in hospital was longer for female patients than for male patients for each of the main diagnostic categories. The need for epidemiological and hospital utilisation studies to provide essential data for the rational planning of psychiatric services in Trinidad and Tobago is emphasized.
Visiting a Sufi Shaykh: A Contemporary Experience of Religious Pilgrimage

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Modern experience of spiritual search has mixed up all the colors of the religious domain. It is no longer a strict definition of what the term pilgrimage implies. There is a growing number of seemingly secular places visited by both members of traditional religious institutions and New Age movements. However, the Western culture of pilgrimage is still recognized as individual and not accepting religious elements as such. Using reliable sociological approaches and the ethnographical material, the present article challenges this assumption and seeks to create a more productive discussion on the topic. For this, it examines the Naqshbandi Haqqani Sufi community of Lefke (Cyprus), a place of pilgrimage for Muslims, non-Muslims, Europeans, Americans—all motivated by the goal of visiting a Sufi shaykh. The article analyzes the pilgrimage to Lefke by means of John Urry’s three bases of co-presence and illustrates how the Islamic vocabulary of pilgrimage has also changed in adaptation to the new realities of the post-secular world. As a result, it is argued that Sufism, with its historically proven ability to combine the individual and collective spheres of religious life, can provide a useful framework for understanding the contemporary pilgrimage phenomenon.
Removal of Water Pollutants Via Natural Treatment Systems

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Groundwater pollution by nitrate is a problem that effects many populations. Natural methods and processes are currently being evaluated as potential alternatives to current chemical systems. Oftentimes, what is noted is that these systems result in the creation of unwarranted byproducts. The following presentation will review the biological process of denitrification in the removal of nitrates from polluted groundwater. Denitrification occurs naturally in nature. Utilizing this process to remove nitrates from water will be vital to making the water treatment process more environmentally-friendly. The experiment tested the hypothesis that the twigs are a more effective carbon source when compared to cardboard in the denitrification process. Bioreactors were created and tests were performed to observe the effects on the water???s nitrate levels. Additional variables included pH levels, conductivity, and porosity. In the end, it was proven that twigs had higher levels of nitrate removal due its lowered porosity, which in turn results in a higher reaction rate.
Advocacy Training for Pediatricians: The Experience of Running a Course in Leeds, United Kingdom

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The Issue. Given the critical role of pediatricians in child advocacy, it is important to understand how to train pediatricians to speak out to improve the health and well-being of children. This article describes the experience of developing and implementing a 5-day child advocacy course at the University of Leeds, which formed part of a master’s program. Eight community pediatricians and pediatric registrars participated in the initial course. The material from the course has been published in Archives of Disease in Childhood.1 This exercise was about the only time as a teacher that I also started at the same level as the students in the course. We started off by defining what we meant by advocacy. The definition that we chose was “the active support of a cause or course of action,” and we applied this to any child problem for which the system was at fault and use of action was required. What is needed to be an effective advocate? One must have an awareness of issues confronting children, in particular on the local level and not only on the national and international levels. One then needs to gain an understanding of the political framework of the issue, how change can occur, and how one can contribute to bringing about the necessary change. Then follows the identification and acquisition of the practical skills and competencies related to effecting these changes. Finally, one needs to have a successful experience tackling a particular issue to realize that one can be effective.
Effects of prednisolone on beta-adrenergic desensitization of normal peripheral lymphocytes: an in vitro model for steroid-controlled tachyphylaxis.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

In vitro culture of human peripheral blood lymphocytes with the beta-adrenergic catecholamine isoproterenol for 24 hours, induced homologous beta-adrenergic desensitization, i.e. a large decrease in the number of beta-adrenergic binding sites and loss of the adenylate cyclase response to isoproterenol, without altering the effectiveness of prostaglandin E1 to stimulate the enzyme. Lymphocyte cultures pulsed for 24 hours with isoproterenol, washed free of the agent and cultured in hormone-free medium for 48 hours still showed marked suppression of the beta-adrenergic adenylate cyclase response and a lack of beta-receptors. When prednisolone was added to the isoproterenol-depleted resuspension medium of desensitized lymphocytes, however, the beta-adrenergic system recovered fully within 48 hours. Treatment of desensitized lymphocytes with prednisolone in the continuous presence of isoproterenol failed to restore beta-adrenergic responsiveness of the cells. The results are discussed with respect to the reconstituting effect of prednisolone on beta-adrenergic responsiveness in bronchial asthma after therapy induced tachyphylaxis.
Librarianship and information science in Nigeria 1966-1999 authors A-M: subject headings national and government archives to withdrawals an annotated bibliography

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This work is an annotated bibliography that consists of articles, books, conference papers, dissertations, reports, etc., published in various library and information science forums on the subject of librarianship in Nigeria. The goal of preparing this work is to provide a list of citations with abstracts that librarians, library students, and library scholars can use to perform research within this subject area to further the body of knowledge. The research methodology that was used to find these citations involved searching the database versions of ERIC, Dissertations Abstracts Online, and Library Literature within the online public access catalog of the Auburn University library system. It also involved searching the online databases of Library and Information Science Abstracts (LISA), British Education Index, and Education Abstracts within the DIALOG database as well as the respective print copies of these resources. Although this work is by no means an exhaustive analysis of the entire Nigerian library literature, it does strive to be comprehensive in terms of its treatment of this nation. All works cited in this text are alphabetically arranged based on the author's last name from the letter N to the letter Z and divided among a set of broad subject headings ranging from National and Government Archives to Withdrawals. The subject headings that are used are the Broad Subject Headings that are presently in use by Library and Information Science Abstracts (LISA). In providing a citation for a non-English language work, the English equivalent of the title of that work will be given next to the non-English title.
Effect of Processing and Storage on the Stability of Flaxseed Lignan Added to Bakery Products

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The study focused on the effects of processing and storage on the stability of flaxseed-derived secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG) added to various bakery products. The SDG concentration of doughs, baked rye breads, graham buns, and muffins was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection; the baked products were analyzed immediately after baking and upon storage at room temperature for 1 week and at -25 degrees C for 1 and 2 months, respectively. Added SDG was found to withstand normal baking temperatures in all bakery products. SDG also was a relatively stable compound during storage. Similarly, the content of SDG in flax buns containing fat-free flaxseed meal was unaffected by storage. We conclude that cereal-based bakery products can be supplemented with flaxseed-derived SDG.
Representation of Lightning Return Stroke Channel in FDTD Code and its Impact on Lightning-Produced Electric Field Calculation

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The Finite-Different Time-Domain (FDTD) method is widely used in the study of lightning-caused electromagnetic fields, which makes the proper representation of lightning channel in FDTD code an important issue. In this study, we propose to represent a lightning return stroke channel with a current source at the channel base in series with a heightdependent RLC load above the base. For applications, with the current measured for a return stroke in rocket-triggered lightning as the current source at channel base, we examined the properties of propagation and attenuation of the current along the channel for three different RLC load settings. Besides, the lightning-produced electric fields corresponding to the three RLC load settings but with the same base current were calculated and evaluated. The results show that: i) the proposed method can well describe the current property as a function of the channel height and time, and ii) the lightning-produce electric fields are very sensitive to both the channel base current and the current propagation properties along the channel.
Professional performance bill

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

due to adhesions as a result of mesh being in contact with viscera are unknown.This contrasts with the low long term recurrence rate of less than 0-5-2%, minimal complications, and no deaths after many thousands of elective open repairs in unselected patients reported from many centres.If comparative trials are to be carried out then it is important that local anaesthesia is used for the open repair.Payne et al,3 Brooks,4 and Rudkin and Maddern5 have done so, and the latter two papers favoured the open mesh technique.Cost effectiveness must be considered.Taylor and Loosemore report on 700 laparoscopic pro- cedures.Laparoscopic disposables cost up to about ,C450 a case, so C315 000 would be required.Disposables for a mesh repair are £35 and would thus amount to £24 500 for 700 repairs.This difference in costs cannot be justified.Training surgeons in the laparoscopic technique is associated with a long learning curve and extra indirect costs.There are about 2500 general surgeons in England and Wales.I have taught experienced general surgeons the mesh techniques in a day.Brooks concluded that the open mesh repair (with local anaesthesia) is a "minimally invasive procedure, is appropriate for the greatest number of patients, is the least expensive and has the fewest short-and long-term complications."4Already three major hospitals in California have banned the laparoscopic hernia operation.