jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Non-Photochemical Quenching: From Light Perception to Photoprotective Gene Expression

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Light is essential for photosynthesis but light levels that exceed an organism’s assimilation capacity can cause serious damage or even cell death. Plants and microalgae have developed photoprotective mechanisms collectively referred to as non-photochemical quenching to minimize such potential damage. One such mechanism is energy-dependent quenching (qE), which dissipates excess light energy as heat. Over the last 30 years, much has been learned about the molecular mechanism of qE in green algae and plants. However, the steps between light perception and qE represented a gap in our knowledge until the recent identification of light-signaling pathways that function in these processes in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. In this review, we summarize the high light and UV-mediated signaling pathways for qE in Chlamydomonas. We discuss key questions remaining about the pathway from light perception to photoprotective gene expression in Chlamydomonas. We detail possible differences between green algae and plants in light-signaling mechanisms for qE and emphasize the importance of research on light-signaling mechanisms for qE in plants.
Financial reforms in Taiwan : 1960 - 1993

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Despite Taiwan's extraordinary economic performance over the past three decades, her financial system has been underdeveloped and inefficient. Contrary to popular belief that financial liberalisation and deepening are growth enhancing policies, Taiwan's experience has demonstrated that the existence of an efficient informal market could also facilitate rapid real growth. Nevertheless, in recent years, both domestic and international developments have coerced Taiwanese authorities to undertake measures in reforming the financial sector.
Evaluating the ‘skin disease-avoidance’ and ‘dangerous animal’ frameworks for understanding trypophobia

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Trypophobia refers to the extreme negative reaction when viewing clusters of circular objects. Two major evolutionary frameworks have been proposed to account for trypophobic visual discomfort. The skin disease-avoidance (SD) framework proposes that trypophobia is an over-generalised response to stimuli resembling pathogen-related skin diseases. The dangerous animal (DA) framework posits that some dangerous organisms and trypophobic stimuli share similar visual characteristics. Here, we performed the first experimental manipulations which directly compare these two frameworks by superimposing trypophobic imagery onto multiple image categories to evaluate changes in comfort. Participants from two countries (United States and Croatia) were evaluated on several measures, including general trypophobia levels, perceived vulnerability to disease, and generalised anxiety. Several analyses showed stronger changes in comfort in the human skin condition (hand, feet, and chest images) compared to the dangerous animal condition (snake and spider images). Furthermore, participants with higher levels of trypophobia showed significantly stronger changes in comfort in the skin condition than the dangerous animal condition, with comparable effects obtained across nationalities. Several variables entered as covariates failed to significantly account for this effect. The present work is the first to experimentally test both evolutionary frameworks of trypophobia, with results supporting the skin disease-avoidance framework.
Language Learning Strategies of Grades 7-8 Students in Hong Kong

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Limited research has been done on exploring what language learning strategies (LLS) the grades 7-8 students used while learning English as a second language in Hong Kong and the factors affecting their choice of LLS. The structure of this book is described below. Chapter one serves as an introduction to LLS. The next chapter reviews the literature related to LLS. Chapter three describes the methodology used in this study. Chapter four shows the results obtained from the statistical analysis of data, together with a detailed discussion of the findings. The final chapter depicts the summary, pedagogical implications, and recommendations for further research. The findings and analysis of this study should be useful to language learners, parents, educators, lecturers, and researchers in second language acquisition and applied linguistics.
Prompt emission and X-ray flares: the case of GRB 060607 A

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation M. G. Bernardini, M. G. Dainotti, C. L. Bianco, L. Caito, R. Guida, R. Ruffini; Prompt emission and X‐ray flares: the case of GRB 060607 A. AIP Conf. Proc. 3 May 2009; 1111 (1): 383–386. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3141578 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioAIP Conference Proceedings Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Ether and Electrons in Relativity Theory

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

This chapter discusses the roles of ether and electrons in relativity theory. One of the most radical moves made by Albert Einstein was to dismiss the ether from electrodynamics. His fellow physicists felt challenged by Einstein’s view, and they came up with a variety of responses, ranging from enthusiastic approval, to dismissive rejection. Among the naysayers were the electron theorists, who were unanimous in their affirmation of the ether, even if they agreed with other aspects of Einstein’s theory of relativity. The eventual success of the latter theory (circa 1911) owed much to Hermann Minkowski’s idea of four-dimensional spacetime, which was portrayed as a conceptual substitute of sorts for the ether.
Are word meanings corresponding to different grammatical categories organised differently within lexical semantic memory?

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

We report on two experiments that examined lexical semantic memory. Experiment 1 included semantically related word-pairs (similarity of meaning) and unrelated word-pairs from three grammatical categories (nouns, verbs, adjectives). Experiment 2 included semantically related word-pairs (contrasting meaning) and unrelated word-pairs from the same three categories. Results of both experiments showed similar levels of semantic priming across same versus different grammatical category word-pairs (e.g., verb–verb pairs vs. verb–adjective pairs). Additional analyses of each experiment showed similar levels of priming within each of the three grammatical categories (i.e., noun–noun vs. verb–verb vs. adjective–adjective pairs). These findings suggest that there are no sharp architectural distinctions amongst words from different grammatical categories within lexical semantic memory.
Repeated Remote Ischemic Conditioning Effect on Ankle-brachial Index in Diabetic Patients - A Randomized Control Trial

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) is a phenomenon where a short period of ischemia in one organ protects against further ischemia in the other organs. We hypothesized that RIPC occurring in diabetic patients with ankle brachial index (ABI) between 0.70 and 0.90 were included with peripheral arterial disease, would make the better coronary flow resulted in the increasing ABI. Materials and Methods: This randomized clinical trial study was done in the Afshar Cardiovascular Hospital in Yazd between 2013 and 2014. Sixty participants were randomly divided into two groups (intervention and control groups). The intervention group was undergoing RIPC, and the control group was tested without RIPC. RIPC was stimulated by giving three cycles of 5 min of ischemia followed by 5 min of reperfusion of both upper arms using a blood pressure cuff inflated to 200 mm Hg ( n = 30). This was compared with no RIPC group which consisted of placing a deflated blood pressure cuff on the upper limbs ( n = 30). Results: The mean of ABI level before intervention in the RIPC and control group group was 0.82 ± 0.055 and 0.83 ± 0.0603 ( P = 0.347) respectively, with no significant difference. It was 0.86 ± 0.066 in the RIPC group compared the control 0.83 ± 0.0603 ( P = 0.046). So levels of ABI were greater after intervention in the RIPC group. The mean of ABI level increase from 0.82 ± 0.05 to 0.86 ± 0.06 in RIPC group ( P = 0.008). So the intervention group showed a significant increase in ABI. Conclusions: RIPC through using a simple, noninvasive technique, composing three cycles of 5 min-ischemia of both upper arms, showing a significant increase in ABI level in diabetic patients.
[Intraoperative hemodynamics in elderly patients during abdominal aortic aneurysm operations].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

An association between hemodynamics and age was assessed in abdominal aortic aneurysm resection and graft replacement. Changes in blood pressures and heart rates before and after clamping the aorta as well as before and after its declamping were compared in 34 cases of elective abdominal aortic resection from 1998 to 1999. The results were analyzed retrospectively reviewing their charts. The patients were divided into two groups: age under 70 and 70 or above. In the first group, the decrease in heart rate following clamping of the aorta was greater than that in the second group. On the contrary, after the aorta was declamped, a greater increase in the heart rate after declamping the aorta correlated with aging (R = 0.34, P < 0.05). However, the changes in blood pressure and heart rate were independent of preoperative coronary diseases. Whereas the people aged 70 or above showed different hemodynamics from those under 70, intraoperative hemodynamics did not reflect preoperative coronary diseases.
Stability of warped AdS3 vacua of topologically massive gravity,” arXiv:0905.2612 [hep-th

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

AdS3 vacua of topologically massive gravity (TMG) have been shown to be perturbatively unstable for all values of the coupling constant except the chiral point µℓ = 1. We study the possibility that the warped vacua of TMG, which exist for all values of µ, are stable under linearized perturbations. In this paper, we show that spacelike warped AdS3 vacua with Compère-Detournay boundary conditions are indeed stable in the range µℓ&gt; 3. This is precisely the range in which black hole solutions arise as discrete identifications of the warped AdS3 vacuum. The situation somewhat resembles chiral gravity: although negative energy modes do exist, they are all excluded by the boundary conditions, and the
Size effects and characteristic lengths in superconducting films and interfaces

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We examine geometric and finite-size effects in supeconductors, using a purely microscopic method. The case where the coherence length ${\ensuremath{\xi}}_{0}$ is short and phenomenological methods cannot be used is emphasized. We focus on the single-particle density of states, the energy gap, and the order parameter, and obtain results as a function of temperature, coherence length, system size, distance to the boundary, and pair-breaking impurity mean free path. We discuss the roles of all of the relevant lengths and the experimental implications of our results, in particular, how data from surface probes can yield information on bulk properties.
Machine Learning for the Preliminary Diagnosis of Dementia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective . The reliable diagnosis remains a challenging issue in the early stages of dementia. We aimed to develop and validate a new method based on machine learning to help the preliminary diagnosis of normal, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), very mild dementia (VMD), and dementia using an informant-based questionnaire. Methods . We enrolled 5,272 individuals who filled out a 37-item questionnaire. In order to select the most important features, three different techniques of feature selection were tested. Then, the top features combined with six classification algorithms were used to develop the diagnostic models. Results . Information Gain was the most effective among the three feature selection methods. The Naive Bayes algorithm performed the best (accuracy = 0.81, precision = 0.82, recall = 0.81, and F -measure = 0.81) among the six classification models. Conclusion . The diagnostic model proposed in this paper provides a powerful tool for clinicians to diagnose the early stages of dementia.
MODIFIED ZERO INFLATED POISSON REGRESSION ANALYSIS AND ITS APPLICATION TO PUBLIC HEALTH DATA

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper focuses on the programming of zero inflated Poisson regression (ZIPR) with combination of fuzzy regression method through SAS algorithm. This alternative method can be used as a tool of data analysis in various branches of science that include biostatistics, biometry. The method comprises of bootstrapping and nonlinear minimization programming through fuzzy linear regression modeling based on the dependent outcome of zero-inflated Poisson regression with several independent variables.
Fabrication and sliding wear behavior of some lead-free bearing materials

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The conventional journal bearing material contains varying amounts of lead (Pb) in it. Pb provides the anti-wear and anti-friction properties. However, Pb has hazardous effects on health and the environment. By considering the environmental aspect in mind, Pb free bearing materials are proposed in this paper. A copper-aluminium-nickel (Cu–NiAl) and copper-phosphorous-aluminium (Cu–PAl) materials were developed using the stir casting method and tribological performance of the developed materials was evaluated using a pin on disc experiments. The experiments were performed in fully flooded, starved and unlubricated conditions at a pressure of 0.31 MPa and 4.39 m s−1 sliding speed. Optical micrograph, Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and Scanning electron spectroscopy (SEM) images were obtained to inspect the wear behavior of the developed materials. For the fully flooded lubricating condition, Cu–NiAl resulted with better wear and friction properties as compared to the conventional Pb bronze material. During the starved and unlubricated condition, Cu–PAl material exhibited better tribological properties as compared to Cu–NiAl and Cu–Pb material.
Large-volume lipolysis assisted by low-level multifrequency laser in obesity: Short-term weight trajectories and postoperative complications

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Obesity is a chronic and complex syndrome resulting from the interactions of genetic, environmental, metabolic, and psychological factors. Current pharmacologic treatments often yield limited, unsustainable weight loss; thus, bariatric surgery and large and giant-volume liposuction have emerged as viable options for its control. Objective: This study aimed to assess Laser-assisted with large-volume liposuction in weight reduction effectiveness in obese adults and to describe the early postoperative complications of this procedure.
ELODIE metallicity-biased search for transiting Hot Jupiters V. An intermediate-period Jovian planet orbiting HD45652

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We present the detection of a 0.47 Jupiter mass planet in a 44-day period eccentric trajectory (e=0.39) orbiting the metal-rich star HD45652. This planet, the seventh giant planet discovered in the context of the ELODIE metallicity-biased planet search program, is also confirmed using higher precision radial-velocities obtained with the CORALIE and SOPHIE spectrographs. The orbital period of HD45652b places it in the middle of the "gap" in the period distribution of extra-solar planets.
Pain assessment in fibromyalgia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Pain is a central symptom in fibromyalgia, and therefore it is very important to focus some discussion on the topic of pain. Pain can be measured qualitatively and quantitatively. The qualitative assessment will usually be subjective by answering self-assessment questionnaires. In this chapter, we focus on the more objective quantitative tests. With these, it is possible to determine the patient's type of pain. A promising method is cuff algometry, which may help to predict who is vulnerable to the development of fibromyalgia.
A Clinical Evaluation for Motor Function of Lower Extrimities in Spinal Spasticity.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We postulated a new clinical quantitative evaluation method for motor function of the lower extremities in spinal spasticity: as knee and ankle 10 seconds test. This test is simply a measurement of the numbers of active flexion and extention of knee joint on supine position, and active dorsi-flexion and planter-flexion of ankle joint on supine position with knee extention.This knee and ankle 10 seconds test had good correlation with total points and motor function of the lower extrimities evaluated by the JOA score.
Cyclin D3 Promotes Adipogenesis through Activation of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

In addition to their role in cell cycle progression, new data reveal an emerging role of D-type cyclins in transcriptional regulation and cellular differentiation processes. Using 3T3-L1 cell lines to study adipogenesis, we observed an up-regulation of cyclin D3 expression throughout the differentiation process. Surprisingly, cyclin D3 was only minimally expressed during the initial stages of adipogenesis, when mitotic division is prevalent. This seemingly paradoxical expression led us to investigate a potential cell cycle-independent role for cyclin D3 during adipogenesis. We show here a direct interaction between cyclin D3 and the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma). Our experiments reveal cyclin D3 acts as a ligand-dependent PPARgamma coactivator, which, together with its cyclin-dependent kinase partner, phosphorylates the A-B domain of the nuclear receptor. Overexpression and knockdown studies with cyclin D3 had marked effects on PPARgamma activity and subsequently on adipogenesis. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays confirm the participation of cyclin D3 in the regulation of PPARgamma target genes. We show that cyclin D3 mutant mice are protected from diet-induced obesity, display smaller adipocytes, have reduced adipogenic gene expression, and are insulin sensitive. Our results indicate that cyclin D3 is an important factor governing adipogenesis and obesity.
Experiencing wireless sensor network : data dissemination and remote control

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Although many theoretical aspects of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have been well studied, real-world deployments still remain a challenging task. All too often, good WSN systems fail to provide expected results once deployed in reality. Therefore, WSN deployment servers as a very important component of WSN related investigations and research. In this project, the student is supposed to make use of the equipments (tens of sensor nodes) available in the lab to deploy a real world WSN. In particular, the student is expected to focus on various data dissemination and remote control schemes already implemented in TinyOS (the operating system of sensor nodes). Through detailed investigations of these schemes, the student should provide a summary of the pros and cons of the schemes and also present possible improvements to some of them.
A phase I study to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of neoantigen-based personalized dendritic cell vaccine in patients with advanced solid tumors.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

e14512 Background: Patients with solid tumor may get benefits from neoantigen-based cancer vaccines, which has showed some clinical efficacy data in clinical trials. This study was designed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a neoantigen-based dendritic cell vaccine in patients with advanced solid tumors Methods: In this single arm study, patient-specific mutation-containing epitopes were detected from patient's tumor tissue. Tumor specimens were processed for whole transcriptome RNA sequencing, whole exome sequencing and HLA typing analysis. Total 10-20 immunogenic neoantigens for each patient were formulated and loaded into patient’s dendritic cells to manufacture the patient-specific anti-cancer vaccines. The patient was administered vaccine injections (Days 0, 14, 35, 56 and 98) into inguinal lymph nodes and intra-cutaneous. Peripheral blood was collected during the treatment (Days 14,15, 35, 36, 56, 57,77, 99 and 120) for safety evaluation and for assessment of the expansion of antigen-specific T cells in vivo. Patients were followed up until confirmed disease progression, withdrawal consent or adverse event intolerance. Results: Between 2019 and 2020, six patients received the neoantigen-based DC vaccine. The tumor types were laryngeal carcinoma, leiomyosarcoma, biliary tract carcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma. All six enrolled patients had stage III or IV disease and had failed at least one line of systematic therapy at baseline. Preliminary data revealed that 6 pts (5 female and 1 male) with mean age of 44 (41-50) yrs. received ≥3 dose of DC vaccine. Doses ranged from 2×10 6 cells/ml to 10×10 6 cells/ml. All observed treatment related Adverse Events were Grade 1 or Grade 2. The most common (≥10%) drug-related adverse events were fatigue (15%), fever (15%), and elevated AST (20%). Five patients received at least one disease assessment post baseline visit. There were no tumor response. The patient with biliary tract carcinoma, laryngeal ca, leiomyosarcoma had SD status for 11 weeks, 30 weeks and 16 weeks respectively. Patients were assessed with the ELISPOT, which showed a CD8 + neoantigen-specific T-cells expansion was detected from each of the six patients’ peripheral blood after the fifth vaccine injection, which demonstrate the preliminary proof of concept for this personalized neoantigen-based dendritic cell vaccine. Conclusions: In this study, neoantigen-based dendritic cell vaccine has showed preliminary activity in advanced solid tumor patients with well-tolerated safety profile, which indicated the neoantigen-targeting DC vaccine has potential to be an effective treatment (with alteration of the immune cell milieu) in solid tumor patients.