jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Two Drosophila Telomeric Transposable Elements Have Very Different Patterns of Transcription

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The transposable elements HeT-A and TART constitute the telomeres of Drosophila chromosomes. Both are non-long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposons, sharing the remarkable property of transposing only to chromosome ends. In addition, strong sequence similarity of their gag proteins indicates that these coding regions share a common ancestor. These findings led to the assumption that HeT-A and TART are closely related. However, we now find that these elements produce quite different sets of transcripts. HeT-A produces only sense-strand transcripts of the full-length element, whereas TART produces both sense and antisense full-length RNAs, with antisense transcripts in more than 10-fold excess over sense RNA. In addition, features of TART sequence organization resemble those of a subclass of non-LTR elements characterized by unequal terminal repeats. Thus, the ancestral gag sequence appears to have become incorporated in two different types of elements, possibly with different functions in the telomere. HeT-A transcripts are found in both nuclear and cytoplasmic cell fractions, consistent with roles as both mRNA and transposition template. In contrast, both sense and antisense TART transcripts are almost entirely concentrated in nuclear fractions. Also, TART open reading frame 2 probes detect a cytoplasmic mRNA for reverse transcriptase (RT), with no similarity to TART sequence 5' or 3' of the RT coding region. This RNA could be a processed TART transcript or the product of a "free-standing" RT gene. Either origin would be novel. The distinctive transcription patterns of both HeT-A and TART are conserved in Drosophila yakuba, despite significant sequence divergence. The conservation argues that these sets of transcripts are important to the function(s) of HeT-A and TART.
Experimental study of RF plasma jet by optical methods

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

An jet stream expanding from a radio-frequency discharge has been investigated by optical emission spectroscopy. The axial and lateral profiles of the expansion glow and the jet axial velocity have been measured by optical methods in order to infer the fluid-dynamic properties of the jet. The position of the shock wave is located at about 5 mm from the nozzle, and the stream velocity achieves a maximum of about 2 Mach in the supersonic region. Optical titration of N atoms and the analysis of emitting excited species and ) have been carried out to monitor the active species in the jet stream and their energy content. The titration of N atoms by NO, injected in the subsonic region, monitored by first positive band, NO and continuum emissions, has been examined. This latter emission has been found to give a reasonable estimation of the N density, which is in the range of about (0.1-0.2)% for a discharge power varying from 50 to 80 W. The first positive emission, NO and bands, instead, are largely affected by the presence of the metastable and by the high velocity of the N stream. The analysis of and vibrational distributions shows the presence of a significant density of the metastable as well as a non-negligible presence in the expansion of hot electrons. A quasi-one-dimensional fluid-dynamic model of the expansion gives a rough account of the measured location of the shock wave and of the velocity and temperature axial profiles.
Luisanthrena vargasllosai Ramos & Melo 2021, new combination

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Luisanthrena vargasllosai (Gonzalez & Alvarado, 2019), new combination Andinopanurgus vargasllosai Gonzalez & Alvarado, 2019:212. Holotype female, Peru: Apurímac, Mina Las Bambas (MUSM, not examined). Diagnosis and comments. For diagnostic features that distinguished this species from L.ruzae n.sp., see above.Images of external morphology, including male genitalia and associated sterna, are presented by Gonzalez et al. (2019). Distribution. This species occurs at elevations above 4000 m in southern Peru (Central Andes), associated to Puna grasslands (Gonzalez et al., 2019).
Temporal Trends in Ischemic Stroke and Anticoagulation Therapy Among Medicare Patients With Atrial Fibrillation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Atrial Fibrillation Ablation, Symptoms, and Stroke Risk: Comment on "Discerning the Incidence of Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Episodes of Atrial Fibrillation Before and After Catheter Ablation (DISCERN AF)"
Characteristics of Rhizosphere Microbiome, Soil Chemical Properties, and Plant Biomass and Nutrients in Citrus reticulata cv. Shatangju Exposed to Increasing Soil Cu Levels

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The prolonged utilization of copper (Cu)-containing fungicides results in Cu accumulation and affects soil ecological health. Thus, a pot experiment was conducted using Citrus reticulata cv. Shatangju with five Cu levels (38, 108, 178, 318, and 388 mg kg−1) to evaluate the impacts of the soil microbial processes, chemistry properties, and citrus growth. These results revealed that, with the soil Cu levels increased, the soil total Cu (TCu), available Cu (ACu), organic matter (SOM), available potassium (AK), and pH increased while the soil available phosphorus (AP) and alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen (AN) decreased. Moreover, the soil extracellular enzyme activities related to C and P metabolism decreased while the enzymes related to N metabolism increased, and the expression of soil genes involved in C, N, and P cycling was regulated. Moreover, it was observed that tolerant microorganisms (e.g., p_Proteobacteria, p_Actinobacteria, g_Lysobacter, g_Sphingobium, f_Aspergillaceae, and g_Penicillium) were enriched but sensitive taxa (p_Myxococcota) were suppressed in the citrus rhizosphere. The citrus biomass was mainly positively correlated with soil AN and AP; plant N and P were mainly positively correlated with soil AP, AN, and acid phosphatase (ACP); and plant K was mainly negatively related with soil β−glucosidase (βG) and positively related with the soil fungal Shannon index. The dominant bacterial taxa p_Actinobacteriota presented positively correlated with the plant biomass and plant N, P, and K and was negatively correlated with plant Cu. The dominant fungal taxa p_Ascomycota was positively related to plant Cu but negatively with the plant biomass and plant N, P, and K. Notably, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (p_Glomeromycota) were positively related with plant P below soil Cu 108 mg kg−1, and pathogenic fungi (p_Mortierellomycota) was negatively correlated with plant K above soil Cu 178 mg kg−1. These findings provided a new perspective on soil microbes and chemistry properties and the healthy development of the citrus industry at increasing soil Cu levels.
The right to travel by air of persons with disabilities

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

<p>Travel by air for persons with disabilities (PWDs) can be challenging. Their problems range from physical barriers in airports and aircraft to inaccessible information, extra fees for services, insufficient compensation for their mobility aids and different rules and practices among air carriers. This study explores issues facing PWDs from a legal perspective. The aim of this study is to balance the rights of PWDs with the duties of States, airport operators and air carriers. In light of this, multilevel legislations - namely international, regional and national rules from human rights law and aviation law - are compared, contrasted and analyzed. The study is primarily focused on access to air travel and remedial measures, for their lack of equal access for PWDs and for discrimination on the basis of disability. Suggestions have been addressed to the International Civil Aviation Organization, the Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and to States. All parties should ensure that accessibility standards on air travel, and an interpretation of remedial measures, are consistently applied.<br /></p>
The Role of Exchange Protein Directly Activated by Cyclic AMP 2-mediated Calreticulin Expression in the Decidualization of Human Endometrial Stromal Cells

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Decidualization of human endometrial stromal cells (ESCs) accompanied by the production of prolactin (PRL) and IGF-binding protein (IGFBP) 1 and rounded-cell morphology is indispensable for the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy. Protein kinase A (PKA)-mediated cAMP signaling is known to be crucial for decidualization. We previously reported that activation of a cAMP mediator, called Exchange protein directly activated by cAMP (EPAC) promotes cAMP analog- or ovarian steroid-induced decidualization in cultured human ESCs. In addition, small interfering RNA-mediated knock-down of the EPAC subtypes, EPAC1 or EPAC2, or knock-down of Rap1, a downstream factor of EPAC signaling, blocked functional and morphological decidualization of ESCs. However, factors downstream of EPAC2 other than Rap1 have not been determined. The present study was undertaken to identify additional downstream targets of EPAC2 associated with decidualization. Using proteomic analysis, we identified calreticulin (CRT) as a potential target of EPAC2. Knock-down of CRT expression in cultured ESCs significantly inhibited PKA-selective cAMP analog- or PKA-selective cAMP analog plus EPAC-selective cAMP analog-induced PRL and IGFBP1 expression. Furthermore, CRT knock-down suppressed the ovarian steroid-stimulated PRL and IGFBP1 expression and morphological differentiation, and silencing of EPAC2 or CRT significantly increased senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity with enhanced p21 expression and decreased p53 expression. These results suggest that EPAC2 and CRT are associated with cellular senescence in ESCs. In conclusion, we demonstrate here that EPAC2-mediated CRT expression is essential for the functional and morphological differentiation of ESCs into decidual cells. Furthermore, both EPAC2 and CRT might prevent ESCs from undergoing abnormal cellular senescence during decidualization.
"My Hurts": Hospitalized Young Children's Perceptions of Acute Pain

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

A qualitative method was used to study hospitalized young children's perceptions of their pain experiences. Participating were 11 children (ages 2 1/2 to 6 1/2 years) who had received surgical intervention. Participant observation and interviews were used to study the children's pain experiences. Each child also participated in a formal interview that combined play or drawing with a semistructured interview format. Data analysis occurred concurrently with data collection, consistent with the grounded theory technique. Findings revealed that the children experienced many different types of pain, which they defined as "my hurts." Their hurts were all perceived as "bad." Preferred care practices were also identified. Information from this investigation will help sensitize professionals to how to better care for young children in pain.
mPatch: A Wearable Hydrogel Microneedle Patch for In Vivo Optical Sensing of Calcium

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract This study presents an in vivo optical hydrogel microneedle platform that measures levels of analytes in interstitial fluid. The platform builds on a previously published technique for molding hydrogel microneedles by developing a composite hydrogel (i.e., PEGDA and polyacrylamide) that is sufficiently stiff to penetrate skin in the hydrated state and whose fluorescence changes dynamically–via a conjugated aptamer–depending on level of analyte. In a demonstration relevant to hypercalcemia, the hydrogel microneedle distinguished varying concentrations of calcium (within a range of 0 to 2 mM, which spans physiologically meaningful variations for hypoparathyroidism) within 10 minutes. In rats, a compact CMOS sensor measuring fluorescence from microneedles distinguished low hypercalcemic (1.7 mM) from high hypercalcemic (2.3 mM) ionized calcium levels as determined from reference blood measurements. Overall, this work demonstrates in vivo feasibility of a concept–which we call mPatch–for an optical hydrogel microneedle to measure small changes in levels of analytes in interstitial fluid, which does not rely on extraction of interstitial fluid out of the dermis.
Mathematical Preliminaries

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Abstract This chapter reviews a broad range of mathematical topics relevant to the rest of the book. It begins with a brief discussion of real and complex numbers and elementary real and complex functions, followed by a summary of linear algebra, paying special attention to matrix decomposition techniques. Fourier analysis is discussed in some detail because this is a topic of central importance to time series analysis. After a brief review of probability theory, the core set of topics for the chapter is considered, dealing with stochastic process theory. This includes a discussion of point as well as continuous processes.
Oak Glen water-resources development study using modeling techniques, San Bernardino County, California

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Hydrologic, digital-model, and economic analyses were made to determine the most efficient balance of conjunctive use of local ground water and surface water--specifically, whether additional ground-water supplies can be developed in the Oak Glen study area, San Bernardino County, Calif., for local use and also for export to the adjacent Yucaipa area, and what will be the effects of imported water available in 1980.The hydrologic analysis showed that transmissivity values of the aquifer in the Oak Glen study area ranged from 1,000 to 6,750 gallons per day per foot or their equivalent 134 to 902 feet squared per day (12 to 84 metres squared per day) and that net annual recharge in the area was about 1,940 acre-feet (2.39 cubic hectometres) per year. The volume of ground water in storage in 1970 was about 86,000 acre-feet (106 cubic hectometres).The digital-model analysis included building and verifying a steady-state and a non-steady-state model. The steady-state model was considered to be verified when the model-generated water levels approximated the measured 1949 water levels, which were assumed to represent steady-state water-level conditions. The non-steady-state model was verified for 1949-70, and the model satisfactorily reproduced the measured water-level changes for the study area during that period. Water-level changes in the ground-water basin were predicted from 1971 to 1980 using as representative average annual pumpage that from 1966 to 1970 and 1971. The model also predicted water-level changes from 1971 to 1980 using the maximum pumpage capacities of the wells under recharge conditions for average, wet, and dry periods.The predicted water-level changes in the Oak Glen study area were used to calculate the average costs of pumping water for 1980. The comparable average costs of importing water from an alternative supply and the capital costs of well construction were also determined. The economic evaluation suggests the following: (1) Increase ground-water pumping for local use, (2) reduce well-water import to the lower parts of the Oak Glen study area from adjacent areas to the west, (3) short term prior to 1980 overdevelopment appears to be feasible with export to Yucaipa, and (4) tunnel development or new shallow wells at the higher altitudes could help alleviate the water problem.
Decolonizing “Community” in Community Psychology

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract This article endeavors to craft pathways that disrupt dominant modes of knowledge production and imagine nonhierarchical epistemic possibilities in teaching community psychology. The first section of the article discusses how the decolonial turn inspires new ways of advancing the critical social justice agenda of community psychology. Drawing upon decolonial frameworks and allied critical theories, I outline how coloniality is entrenched in the ways we theorize, research, and teach about “communities”—and the importance of decolonizing the construct of community in community psychology. The second section presents three vignettes capturing student responses to endeavors in the classroom to dismantle notions of community‐as‐Other. I interpret these vignettes through a decolonial perspective in order to highlight how colonial discourses of community can be produced and potentially maintained in the classroom context. The third section outlines some pedagogical and curricular recommendations as a possible pathway toward decolonizing notions of community. I conclude with some questions/provocations geared toward advancing decolonial and liberatory praxis in community psychology.
Synthesis and evaluation of the antiovulatory activity of a variety of melatonin analogs

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

A series of melatonin analogues was synthesized and examined for ovulation-blocking activity. Deviation from the 5-methoxy group or substitution of the 1 position prevented activity. Activity was not particularly sensitive to minor variations in the N-acyl group nor was it significantly altered by methylation of position 2 or the alpha-methylene; however, a pronounced enhancement resulted from halogenation of the 6 position.
Conflation Of Computational Fluid Dynamics And Building Thermal Simulation

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

_______________________________________________ viii List of Symbols _________________________________________ ix 1 - INTRODUCTION ___________________________________ 1 1.1 Buildings, Climate and Energy ________________________ 1 1.2 Approaches to Energy/Environmentally Conscious Buildings_ 2 1.2.1 Application of Computer Simulation _______________ 4 1.2.2 Integration of Design Tools and Detailed Design _____ 5 1.3 Objectives of the Work ______________________________ 7 References ___________________________________________ 8 2 - BUILDING SIMULATION ____________________________ 10 2.1 Introduction _______________________________________ 10 2.2 Evolution of Building Simulation ______________________ 10 2.3 Improving Modelling Integrity ________________________ 12 2.4 The Present Work __________________________________ 16 2.5 Models Chosen to Conduct the Project __________________ 19 References ___________________________________________ 21 3 - THE ESP-r SIMULATOR, bps __...
RNAfcg: RNA Flexibility\nPrediction Based on Topological\nCentrality and Global Features

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The dynamics of RNAs are related intimately to their\nfunctions.\nMolecular flexibility, as a starting point for understanding their\ndynamics, has been utilized to predict many characteristics associated\nwith their functions. Since the experimental measurement methods are\ntime-consuming and labor-intensive, it is urgently needed to develop\nreliable theoretical methods to predict RNA flexibility. In this work,\nwe develop an effective machine learning method, RNAfcg, to predict\nRNA flexibility, where the Random Forest (RF) is trained by features\nincluding the topological centralities, flexibility–rigidity\nindex, and global characteristics first introduced by us, as well\nas some traditional sequence and structural features. The analyses\nshow that the three types of features introduced first have significant\ncontributions to RNA flexibility prediction, among which the topological\ntype contributes the most, which indicates the importance of structural\ntopology in determining RNA flexibility. The performance comparison\nindicates that RNAfcg outperforms the state-of-the-art machine learning\nmethods and the commonly used Gaussian Network Model (GNM) models,\nachieving a much higher Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC) of 0.6619\non the test data set. This work is helpful for understanding RNA dynamics\nand can be used to predict RNA function information. The source code\nis available at https://github.com/ChunhuaLab/RNAfcg/.
Automated Conversion of CVE Records into an Expert System, Dedicated to Information Security Risk Analysis, Knowledge-Base Rules

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Expert systems (ESs) can be seen as a perspective method for risk analysis process automation, especially in the case of small- and medium-sized enterprises that lack internal security resources. Expert system practical applicability is limited by the fact that the creation of an expert system knowledge base requires a lot of manual work. External knowledge sources, such as attack trees, web pages, and ontologies, are already proven to be valuable sources for the automated creation of knowledge base rules, thus leading to more effective creation of specialized expert systems. This research proposes a new method of automated conversion of CVE data from the National Vulnerability Database (version CVSS 2) into the knowledge base of an expert system and flags CVE records that have higher risk due to already existing exploit tools. This manuscript also contains a description of the method for implementing software and a practical evaluation of conversion results. The uniqueness of the proposed method is incorporation of the records included in the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) Known Exploited Vulnerabilities Catalog.
Psychometric performance of the Brazilian version the “Insulin Management Diabetes Self-Efficacy Scale” for patient with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Model of study: Validation study. Objective: To evaluate the psychometric performance of the Brazilian version of the Insulin Management Diabetes Self-Efficacy Scale - IMDSES. Methodology: Reliability (internal consistency - Cronbach’s α), convergent and criterion validity were assessed. Data were gathered from 127 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in use of insulin through the application of sociodemographic and clinical instruments and the Brazilian versions of the Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities Measures - SDSCA and the IMDSES. Results: It was observed “ceiling effect” in Insulin domain. Reliability was confirmed in all IMDSES domains and Total Score (α=0.87). The convergent construct validity was supported by significant negative moderate to weak magnitude correlations between the scores of IMDSES domains and the scores of SDSCA domains. Criterion validity was partially supported by the weak magnitude correlation between the General Managements domain and the Total Score of IMDSES and serum levels of glycated hemoglobin (r=0.22; p=0.02). Conclusion: The Brazilian version of IMDSES presented satisfactory psychometric measures and may be useful to evaluate the effectiveness of nursing interventions aimed at optimizing the selfefficacy of the T2DM patient in the management of his treatment.
Flow Near a Rotating Disc with Stagnation Flow.

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

回転円板上淀み点流れの流動特性を実験的に検討した.レーザドップラ流速計を用いて周方向速度を測定し, 可視化実験により装置内の二次流を観察した.実験結果から, 円板の回転レイノルズ数に比べて回転円板に垂直方向に接近する流れのレイノルズ数が小さい時, 回転円板上部に循環流が発生し, この循還流は円板の回転周波数の1/2～1/6倍程度の周波数で変動することがわかった.また, 層流から乱流への遷移レイノルズ数は約1.5×105であり, 遷移域では円板回転周波数の約28倍の周波数の速度変動が卓越することがわかった.さらに, 層流域での周方向速度は無限回転円板の層流の解析解と一致することがわかった.