jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Localized and Ran-dependent accumulation of tubulin during semi-open mitosis in the Caenorhabditis elegans embryo

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Mitosis is categorized as open or closed depending on whether loss of nuclear compartmentalization occurs or not. Some organisms adopt intermediate forms of mitosis, which are important to understand the commonality and diversity of the process. Caenorhabditis elegans undergoes semi-open mitosis. In this process, the permeability of the nuclear envelope increases during the prometaphase, but the membrane structure remains and encloses the mitotic spindle. The role of the remaining permeabilized nuclear envelope (in this thesis, I refer to the envelope as “spindle envelope”) is still unclear. Here, I report that unpolymerized tubulin subunits accumulate inside the spindle envelope in the C. elegans embryo. The accumulation coincided with increased nuclear envelope permeability, suggesting that the rise in permeability triggers the accumulation. A small GTPase protein, Ran, which plays a key role in providing spatial cues during open and closed mitosis, is required for tubulin accumulation. The boundaries of the region of accumulation coincided with the spindle envelope even when the shape of the envelope was deformed. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) analysis revealed the enrichment of the immobile fraction in the nascent spindle region in a Ran-dependent manner. I propose stable binding of tubulin to an immobile structure as a mechanism of tubulin accumulation inside the spindle envelope. The accumulation was also observed for molecules other than tubulin, suggesting that this novel mechanism contributes to alter the molecular composition around the chromosome during semi-open mitosis in the C. elegans embryo.
Origin of thermal degradation of Sr <sub>2-x</sub>Si <sub>5</sub>N <sub>8</sub>:Eu <sub>x</sub> phosphors in air for light-emitting diodes

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

<p>The orange-red emitting phosphors based on M <sub>2</sub>Si <sub>5</sub>N <sub>8</sub>:Eu (M = Sr, Ba) are widely utilized in white light-emitting diodes (WLEDs) because of their improvement of the color rendering index (CRI), which is brilliant for warm white light emission. Nitride-based phosphors are adopted in high-performance applications because of their excellent thermal and chemical stabilities. A series of nitridosilicate phosphor compounds, M <sub>2-x</sub>Si <sub>5</sub>N <sub>8</sub>:Eu <sub>x</sub> (M = Sr, Ba), were prepared by solid-state reaction. The thermal degradation in air was only observed in Sr <sub>2-x</sub>Si <sub>5</sub>N <sub>8</sub>:Eu <sub>x</sub> with x = 0.10, but it did not appear in Sr <sub>2-x</sub>Si <sub>5</sub>N <sub>8</sub>:Eu <sub>x</sub> with x = 0.02 and Ba analogue with x = 0.10. This is an unprecedented investigation to study this phenomenon in the stable nitrides. The crystal structural variation upon heating treatment of these compounds was carried out using the in situ XRD measurements. The valence of Eu ions in these compounds was determined by electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA) and X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy. The morphology of these materials was examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Combining all results, it is concluded that the origin of the thermal degradation in Sr <sub>2-x</sub>Si <sub>5</sub>N <sub>8</sub>:Eu <sub>x</sub> with x = 0.10 is due to the formation of an amorphous layer on the surface of the nitride phosphor grain during oxidative heating treatment, which results in the oxidation of Eu ions from divalent to trivalent. This study provides a new perspective for the impact of the degradation problem as a consequence of heating processes in luminescent materials.</p>
Novel Insight into the Role of the S100A8/A9 Protein Complex in the Regulation of Neutrophil Functions

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

S100A8 and S100A9 are members of the S100 family of cytoplasmic EF-hand calcium-binding proteins and are abundantly expressed in the cytosol of neutrophils. Mostly found under heterodimeric form, S100A8/A9 have various intracellular and extracellular functions; they act as alarmins, amplifying the host inflammatory response. Our previous study showed that the intracellular activity of S100A8/A9 is carried by the phosphorylation of S100A9. Based on these results, we further investigated the importance of this post-translational modification on the extracellular activity of the protein complex and its impact on the inflammatory functions of neutrophils. First, we analyzed the phosphorylation state of secreted S100A8/A9 and the mechanism by which the protein complex is released into the extracellular space. Our results show that S100A9 is secreted under a phosphorylated form within the S100A8/A9 protein complex and this release is highly correlated to the process of NETosis. Next, we investigated the inflammatory response of neutrophil-like dHL-60 cells when stimulated with the phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated form of S100A8/A9. Our results indicate that only the phosphorylated form of S100A8/A9 increases the expression and secretion of various cytokines (e.g. TNFa, CCL4, CXCL8). Using receptor-neutralizing antibodies, we then determined the receptor and signaling pathways associated to S100A8/A9-P-induced cytokine secretion. The reduction of expression levels of the previously mentioned cytokines, after TLR4 blocking, point out that S100A8/A9-P-induced signaling is mediated in part by TLR4. Finally, we investigated the post-transcriptional response induced by S100A8/A9-P stimulation. Using miRNA-sequencing of S100A8/A9-P stimulated dHL-60 cells, we identified an upregulation of miR-146a-5p, miR-146b-5p and miR-155-5p expression. Since these three microRNAs have previously been described to regulate TLR4 signaling at various levels, we investigated their influence on the inflammatory response mediated by S100A8/A9-P. Stable overexpression of miR-146a-5p and miR-155-5p in dHL-60 cells resulted in the reduced S100A8/A9-P-mediated secretion of cytokines through the inhibition of key players in the TLR4 signaling pathways. To summarize, our results give new insight into the pro-inflammatory functions induced by S100A8/A9-P in neutrophils and reveal the potential of the phosphorylated protein complex as a major regulator of inflammation in chronic inflammatory diseases.
Overcoming wireload model uncertainty during physical design

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The advent of deep sub-micron technologies has created a number of problems for existing design methodologies. Most prominent among them is the problem of timing closure, whereby design time is dramatically increased due to iterations between gate-level synthesis and physical design. It is well known that the heart of this problem lies in the use of wireload models based on wirelength statistics from legacy designs. Some technology projections in have suggested that wireload models will remain effective to block sizes on the order of 50k gates. This suggests that synthesis will not have to be changed much since this is approximately the maximum size for which logic synthesis is effective. However, our analyses on production designs show that the problem is not quite so straightforward, and the efficacy of synthesis using wireload models depends upon technology data as well as specific characteristics of the design. We analyze these effects and dependencies in detail in this paper, and draw some conclusions about the amount of physical information that is required for synthesis to be effective. Finally, we discuss the implications on hierarchical design flows, and propose a solution via physical prototyping.
Morphology and its relationship with reproduction and milk production in goat and sheep

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Morphological characterisation and multifactorial analyses of conformation traits in relation to productivity indicators are critical in goats and sheep breeding programs in particular, as the desired outcome could instigate animal performance change through indirect selection based on the phenotypic measurements. Animal morphology development is complex biological process probably with multiple genes being at play, which might be dependent on the environment, and changing over time, hence recording multiple descriptive morphological dimensions can make relating genotype to phenotype more feasible and, importantly, more relevant in terms of understanding functionality of domestic animals. Morphological traits sometimes referred to linear type traits, biometric, zoometric and conformation traits (measurements) have been of interest in both livestock and poultry production. Due to the fact that some morphological traits are highly correlated to performance traits, their application in animal production among other aspects include: prediction of growth rate, body condition, carcass and milking capacity. This implies that morphological traits correspond to functionality of animals for the purposes of production as a result they have been a useful tool in selection of animals, especially where records are unavailable. Morphological traits can be extremely valuable in animal breeding decision making since they can be used to derive specific scores for heritable traits. In most cases, in view of simplicity of measurement, morphological traits have been part of performance recording appraisal systems. This has worked well to overcome the gap that exist in keeping performance records especially in community based breeding schemes. In most cases records in smallholder production systems are unobtainable hence morphological dimensions become handy for selection purposes. Some of the morphological traits have proved to be the source or representative group of suitable selection markers to elaborate the appropriate breeding program to improve the reproduction and milk production potential of goats and sheep. If morphological traits are to be regarded for incorporation in prospective goat and sheep breeding programs, the relationship between them and reproduction and milk production need to be established. In the advent of multiple regression models the prospects are high to establish correlation analysis between morphological traits with production traits in goats and sheep. In conclusion, the review verified that morphological traits can be used as accurate indicators of animals’ reproductive capacity and milk production potential in goat and sheep production. The purpose of the present review is to highlight the relationship between morphometric characteristics and reproductive and milking potential in goats and sheep production.
[Synaptic organization of the vestibular nucleus in the medulla oblongata of the frog Rana temporaria].

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Studies have been made on the synaptic organization of ventral vestibular nucleus of the frog R. temporaria. Besides numerous axo-somatic and axo-dendritic synapses, 3-component axo-axonal synaptic contacts were revealed which indicate a possibility of presynaptic inhibition in the nucleus studied. Three types of membrane specializations were found in axo-somatic and axo-dendritic synaptic contacts-active zone of chemical synapse, symmetric thickening of the membranes of desmosomal type and close linking of the membranes of electrotonic synapse. Functional role of the observed contacts is discussed.
المنهجية النبوية القيادية في إدارة الأزمات

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The leadership qualities conspicuously come to the surface, whenever there is a need for conflict resolution or there is a case of risk management, in focus. The Holy Prophets, appointed by God Almighty, have been always an example of leadership in social reforms and purgation from moral ailments in human society. Almost all human societies have been facing crisis management challenges in their communal life. The Muslim society from its very inception faced the same challenges, however, those were addressed by the Holy Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) in such a way that it has become a role model for the Muslims in particular and for humanity, in general. The following study explores lessons from the Seerah Role Model, the style of leadership, and especially the methods for crisis management.
Partial correlations between production traits and grain protein in wheat

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to check whether there are linear relations between production traits and grain protein in early-, medium- and late-cycle wheat. Data from 204 competition trials of wheat genotypes conducted in the states of Rio Grande do Sul and Paraná were used, 78 trials with early-cycle, 34 with medium -cycle and 92 with late-cycle genotypes. The trials were conducted in a randomized block design, with 149 early-cycle, 95 medium-cycle and 193 late-cycle genotypes being evaluated from 2015 to 2019. Three production traits (grain yield, in kg ha-1, thousand-grain weight, in g, and hectoliter weight, in kg hL-1) and grain protein, in %, were evaluated. Scatter plots were created and the partial correlation coefficients between these four traits were calculated, based on 4330, 2497 and 4714 observations, referring to the early, medium and late cycles, respectively. There are linear relations between production traits and grain protein in early-, medium- and late-cycle wheat. Early- and late-cycle wheat genotypes show a negative correlation between grain yield and grain protein. Medium-cycle wheat genotypes show no correlation between grain yield and grain protein. Selection of wheat genotypes with higher grain yield and hectoliter weight can be carried out indirectly by means of thousand-grain weight.
Enabling Secure File Sharing On Untrusted Servers Using Mona

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Identity privacy is one of the most important obstruction for the wide operation of cloud computing. Without the guarantee of identity privacy users may be reluctant to join in cloud computing systems since their real identities could be easily revealed to cloud providers and attackers. Unconditional identity privacy may bring upon you the abuse of privacy. For pattern a misbehaved staff can deceive others in the company by sharing false files without being noticeable. Therefore traceability which enables the group manager e.g., a company manager to reveal the real identity of a user is also highly desirable. It is extremely suggested that any member in a group should be able to fully enjoy the data storing and sharing services provided by the cloud which is defined as the multiple-owner manner. Compared with the single-owner manner where only the group manager can store and adapt data in the cloud the multiple-owner manner is suppler in practical applications. More concretely each user in the group is able to not only read data, but also modify his/ her part of data in the entire data file shared by the company.
LATROBE BR-4

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Latrobe BR-4 is a high-vanadium, high-chromium tool and die steel of the air hardening and nondeforming type. In the hardened condition it is extremely abrasion resistant. This datasheet provides information on composition and hardness as well as fracture toughness. It also includes information on heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: TS-1. Producer or source: Latrobe Steel Company.
Mechanics of Multiphase Porous Media — Application to Unsaturated Soils

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Multiphase porous media are found in many engineering fields. Geologic materials, biological tissues and bones, wood and engineered materials such as foams, composites or concrete are typical examples. In the domain of earth sciences, the multiphase nature is particularly evident: soil masses are formed of a mixture of several constituents, namely solid grains (mineral as well as organic), liquid (water with various diluted components, oil, etc.) and gas (air, vapour of various chemical contents). Rock masses are multiphase media also, although not granular as in soils, but with voids formed by discontinuities, fractures and faults. Ice sheets and glaciers are rarely mono-crystalline, pure ice; they contain trapped air bubbles and various types of dust, soil and rock debris. One main characteristic of such materials is that the mechanical behaviour not only depends on the rheology of the separate constituents, but also on the interactions between phases. An even higher level of complexity is reached when thermal exchanges, phase changes or chemical reactions are considered. As a consequence, the mathematical formulation must be developed with care, since any simplification may result in important differences when solving boundary-value problems.
Cumulative prevalence of biological and social risk factors at birth in a city in São Paulo

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Objective: to identify the cumulative prevalence of biological and social risk factors at birth. Method: a cross-sectional study, with retrospective data collection, carried out with live births in a medium-sized city, from January 2018 to July 2020. A database was used with information aimed at identifying social and biological risks after birth, assessed descriptively. Results: the sample consisted of 4,480 newborns, of which 78.9% were classified as at usual risk, and 21.1% as at risk. The cumulative prevalence showed that most newborns had more than one risk factor, with biological risks being the most prominent: need for admission to Intensive Care Unit, birth with less than 37 weeks of gestation and weight less than 2,500 g. Among the social risks, the following stand out: newborns who had a dead sibling aged less than 5 years old; head of family without income; mothers under 16 years old and who did not undergo prenatal care. The biological risk rate was 7.39 times higher than the social risk rate. Conclusion: the cumulative prevalence of the risks found was significant, with a considerable part of the sample presenting some biological risk.
The impact of renin-angiotensin system inhibitors on colorectal neoplasm development

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Long-term, regular use of RAS inhibitors independently reduces the risk of colorectal neoplasms, irrespective of dosage or drug type. Given their potential chemopreventive effects on colorectal neoplasms, RAS inhibitors may serve as a preventive strategy starting from the precancerous stage.
Filling a Gap - Beaks and Hooks of Cenozoic Coleoids (Cephalopoda)

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Summary For the first time fossil beaks and hooks of coleoids are described from the Badenian (Middle Miocene) of the Paratethys. Comparisons with Recent coleoids proved the cephalopod-nature of the remains, which are therefore indisputable evidence for post-Cretaceous coleoid beaks and hooks in the fossil record. The fossil beaks display good resemblance with the jaw-apparatus of sepiolids; similarities with beaks of loliginids and cranchiids are also discussed. The hooks derive from oegopsids and might represent an Onychoteuthidae.
Design of stations and route planning of unmanned aerial vehicle for postal application in Singapore

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The rise of e-commerce in Singapore has led to a new form of challenges for the postal delivery network. Although the amount of mail to deliver has increased significantly, local mail courier, Singapore Post lacks measures implemented to ease this load. Additionally, the increase in workload and a shortage of manpower have compromised the quality of delivery and encourage irresponsibility. The purpose of this project was to study the implementation of the UAV in postal services in Singapore. The technology for the deployment of UAV to support postal delivery would improve the current operation and stay relevant with current experimental technological advancements carried out overseas. The deployment of UAV in postal services has proven to improve the delivery operation of some delivery couriers. In this project, the routing of the delivery process was discussed to derive a fast and cost-efficient UAV delivery network in Singapore. Ideation of the delivery method and system, and delivery concepts were analysed to find the most suitable operation for this project. UAVs available in the market were also investigated to propose feasible implementation.
CEDAW Smokescreens: Gender Politics in Contemporary Tonga

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Tonga is one of only a few nations yet to ratify the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (cedaw). In early 2015, when the government announced its plans for ratification, there were widespread protests, particularly about cedaw leading to same-sex marriage and access to abortion. Then, during the week of celebrations for his coronation, the king through the Privy Council pronounced the government's plans unconstitutional. In this article, it is argued that the protests and the king's actions masked wider anxieties about fundamental issues of gender equality as well as about the shift to democratic government and the country's uncertain future. Drawing on historical accounts of gender relations in Tonga, I examine the current situation of flux, in which issues of access to land, women in leadership, reproductive freedom, and domestic violence are coalescing. The narrowly focused protests against cedaw thus act as smokescreens concealing the realities of contemporary gender politics in Tonga.
Modal Analysis of Gratings With Conducting Strip-Loaded Bars and Sandwiched Between Multiple Dielectric Layers

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

This communication describes a full-wave modal analysis of plane-wave scattering by periodic arrays of penetrable conducting bars with strip covers on both the lower and upper surfaces of each ridge to create iris-type slits across groove apertures, which altogether is sandwiched by multiple dielectric layers on both sides of the gratings. The approach entails the moment method using parallel-plate waveguide cavity Green's functions and a numerical spectral-domain Green's function for planar stratified media accompanied by the Floquet theorem. Computed results obtained from codes written based on this formulation are validated with those simulated by a commercial full-wave software solver as well as results from the literature. Validation is performed in terms of reflection and transmission spectra as well as modal dispersion. The new parameters arising from the special complex geometry herein studied provide the means to enhance the performances of various applications such as beam deflectors, mode converters, and grating couplers, as well as the resolution of diffraction gratings in the context of spectroscopy. Measurement results acquired from experimentations carried out on a manufactured grating that corroborate well with theoretical predictions are also presented.