jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Anomalous magnetization in the Austin Chalk: implications for magnetic studies in rocks and sediments

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Same day sampling and magnetic measurement of a one meter thick bed in a new road cut of the Upper Cretaceous Austin Chalk (northeastern Texas) has yielded a zone of anomalous magnetic behavior. Initial measurement of the anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) indicated unusually high anisotropies and low bulk susceptibilities characteristic of a magnetocrystalline anisotropy which might be expected for the mineral siderite. Natural remanent magnetization (NRM) moments for these samples were low and directions were typical for samples which had acquired a normal geomagnetic field overprint at the site. Remeasurement of the NRM 3 days later yielded an increase in moment to >1 x 10/sup -3/ A/m for some samples and a direction parallel to the laboratory field. Isothermal remanent magnetization (IRM) of these samples indicates saturation at low induction values (<100 mT). AMS remeasurement over a period of weeks revealed a steady decrease in the anisotropy magnitudes and a change in direction. All of these results are consistent with the initial presence of siderite in the Austin Chalk samples. After sampling, exposure to the air, and subsequent oxidation in the laboratory, the siderite appears to have altered to ..gamma..Fe/sub 2/O/sub 3/ (maghemite), increasing the magnetic moment and changingmore » NRM and AMS directions in these samples. It is predicted that changes will reflect the continued conversion from the less stable ..gamma..Fe/sub 2/O/sub 3/ to ..cap alpha..Fe/sub 2/O/sub 3/ (hematite). Evaluation of this possibility is currently in progress.« less
Bulk Higgs and gauge fields in a multiply warped braneworld model

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We readdress the problems associated with bulk Higgs and the gauge fields in\na 5-dimensional Randall-Sundrum model by extending the model to six dimensions\nwith double warping along the two extra spatial dimensions. In this\n6-dimensional model we have a freedom of two moduli scales as against one\nmodulus in the 5-dimensional model. With a little hierarchy between these\nmoduli we can obtain the right magnitude for $W$ and $Z$ boson masses from the\nKaluza-Klein modes of massive bulk gauge fields where the spontaneous symmetry\nbreaking is triggered by bulk Higgs . We also have determined the gauge\ncouplings of the standard model fermions with Kaluza-Klein modes of the gauge\nfields. Unlike the case of 5-dimensional model with a massless bulk gauge\nfield, here we have shown that the gauge couplings and the masses of the\nKaluza-Klein gauge fields satisfy the precision electroweak constraints and\nalso obey the Tevatron bounds.\n
THIOPENTAL SODIUM AND ETHER ANESTHESIA

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Though anesthesia with thiopental (pentothal®) sodium has gained widespread acceptance by patient, surgeon, and anesthesiologist, it is well known that this agent possesses certain characteristics that are disadvantageous and, at times, dangerous to the patient. These characteristics are as follows: It causes respiratory depression during deeper levels of anesthesia with accompanying danger of respiratory acidosis. It lacks analgesic properties. It possesses parasympathomimetic properties and has a tendency to cause laryngeal spasm under certain conditions. It has a tendency to cause postoperative depression when it is used in large doses for prolonged anesthesia. From earlier experiences with the use of small amounts of ether to supplement thiopental sodium for anesthesia, it seemed likely that most of these disadvantages could be eliminated or at least minimized. This study was designed to evaluate these impressions.

TECHNIQUE

The technique of this method of anesthesia is simple but rather exacting if all of its advantages
An experimental continuous-culture unit for the production of frozen concentrated cheese starters

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Summary Equipment and methods are described for the production, on the laboratory scale, of frozen concentrated cheese starters. A single-stage Porton-type fermenter with a working volume of 3–5 l was used for the continuous culture of the Streptococcus lactis and Str. cremoris starter strains. The cells grown in a trypsin-digested cheese-whey or trypsin-digested skim-milk, both containing autolysed yeast, were harvested with a Sharples laboratory super-centrifuge, resuspended in skim-milk and layer-frozen in liquid N 2 . The frozen culture was crushed to a granular free-flowing form facilitating direct addition to and ready dispersion in cheese milk. The cultures were stored at −196°C.
Standardizing the European Education Policy Space

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Countries in Europe, through the European Union, are creating, as part of the market and its governance, a new policy space in education. It is being formed through law, regulation, networking and harmonization. The development of standards across the different fields of policy, statistical calculation and commerce underpins and extends the creation of policy spaces. Europeanization processes in education have some subtle and yet powerful features created through measurement and standardization. They may have a technical form but they are knowledge based, policy driven and exclude politics. Europe is at the leading edge of new forms of governance in education.
A nonviolent pedagogical approach for Life Orientation teacher development: the Alternatives to Violence Project

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Violence in South African schools seems to be increasing and the consequences affect not only the physical, emotional, and academic lives of learners but also their resistance to delinquent and criminal behaviour. Because the foundations for youth violence are laid in early adolescence, violence prevention in schools is a critical need. Life orientation (LO) as a compulsory school subject could play a key role in helping South African learners deal with the different manifestations of violence, especially understanding the nature of the institutionalised violence of colonialism and apartheid. LO can also nurture learners' personal development and life skills to increase their sense of agency, a key factor in both violence prevention and learners' decolonisation processes. However, various South African studies attest to the current low status of LO in the school curriculum as well as the difficulties of teaching LO. Many of these studies also mention the inadequacy of LO teachers' preparation for meaningful LO teaching. Given that equipping current-day South African learners with the self-empowerment skills necessary for preventing everyday conflicts from escalating into violence also entails this complex decolonisation process to liberate them of past or still present oppressions, this paper contends that LO teachers need to have first participated in such self-development processes themselves. For these reasons, this article proposes a specific development strategy to support LO teachers, namely, that they participate in workshops of the Alternatives to Violence Project (AVP),1 which applies a nonviolent pedagogical approach in its focus on self-empowerment and creative conflict management. The article discusses the benefits of such an approach and conceptually explores how AVP has the potential to provide LO teachers with practical strategies for creative, affirming responses to conflict and violence.
Judicial Review of Legislators’ Motives

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Are legislators’ subjective motives relevant to the constitutional validity of an Act? In the USA, an Act may be found to be unconstitutional because legislators were motivated by a desire to discriminate against religion or interstate trade. The High Court has rejected such an enquiry in cases concerning ss 92 and 116 of our own Constitution. This article examines how, with substantially similar constitutional protections, the courts of these two countries have arrived at opposing views on the relevance of ‘motive evidence’. The High Court can avoid recourse to motive evidence because, when compared with its US counterpart, it applies a clearer test in the religion cases, and a more nuanced approach to proportionality testing in the interstate trade cases. This is the preferable approach.
Failure of endurance training to alter the cardiovascular response to static contraction

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Summary. The purpose of this study was to determine whether endurance training alters the cardiovascular response to static contractions of the trained, but not untrained, musculature. Six healthy, untrained males (aged 23–36 years) underwent 10–12 weeks of intensive training involving both cycling and running. Peak v̇O 2 , on the bicycle ergometer, v̇O 2 max during graded treadmill running and concentrations of citrate synthase (CS) and malate dehydrogenase (MDH) in the vastus lateralis muscle were measured before and after training. Subjects performed static leg extension and forearm extension at 30% of maximal voluntary contraction until exhaustion before and after training. Heart rate (HR), systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure were measured at rest, and in addition to perceived exertion (PE), every 30 s during contraction. Endurance training elicited significant increases in peak v̇O 2 (360%), v̇O 2 max (32%), C s (25'Yn) and M dh (42%) (all P < 0.05).HR at rest was significantly lower (P < 0.05) after training, while SBP and DBP were unchanged. HR, SBP, DBP and PE increased throughout both types of static contractions. However, the magnitude of the increases were unaffected by training. In contrast to recent findings, these results suggest that the increases in heart rate and blood pressure in response to static contraction are not altered after endurance training in either the trained or the untrained muscle groups.
A New Subject-based Document Retrieval from Digital Libraries Using Vector Space Model

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

<div> <div> <div> <div> <div> <p>Document retrieval from digital libraries based on user's query is highly affected by the terms appeared in the query.‎ In many cases, there are some documents in the digital libraries that do not share exactly the same terms with the query, but they are related to the user's need.‎ We address this challenge in this paper by introducing a new subject-based retrieval approach in which, apart from ranking documents based on the terms in the query, a new subject-based scoring scheme is defined between the query and a document.‎ We define this score by introducing a new vector space model in which a vectorized subject-based representation is defined for each document and its keywords, and the terms in the query, as well.‎ We have tested the new subject-based scoring scheme on a database of scientific papers obtained from Web of Science.‎ Our Experimental results show that in 83% of times users prefer the proposed scoring scheme with respect to the classic scoring ones.‎</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div>
Deep learning based plant part detection in Greenhouse settings

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Precision agriculture challenges such as automatic harvesting, phenotyping, and yield prediction require precise detection of plant parts such as the fruits, leaves or stems. Deep learning has emerged as the state-of-the-art technology for image segmentation and object detection in several domains, notably in self-driving vehicles and medical imaging. In recent years, deep learning methods are being increasingly adopted in vision-based applications for precision agriculture. In previous work, methods were investigated to segment the image for plant parts. However, such an approach did not yield object instances. In this work, we applied the state-of-the-art deep learning object detector, Mask RCNN, to the problem of detecting fruit and other plant parts, in the sweet pepper (capsicum annuum) plant. An extensive study was carried out where we investigated different transfer learning schemes, different convolutional neural network architectures, and varying numbers of training images. Experimentally, we found that Mask RCNN trained with the synthetic data and fine-tuned with very few empirical images is able to detect more than 95% of the sweet pepper fruit. It was also found that training on the synthetic data and then fine-tuning over a few empirical images led to a better performance in the detection of fruit, over training only on the limited set of empirical images. Furthermore, results show that the best model could successfully generalize to different imaging conditions. This work is a necessary step for applying deep learning in high-throughput robotics and phenotyping approaches and will open up many opportunities for smart farming and more efficient use of resources. Currently, training deep learning models is dependent on the knowledge and expertise of the scientists involved. The insights gained from this work should lead to more automatic training protocols, allowing widespread use in very different applications.
Is blogging a new form of communication in palliative health care? A qualitative research study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Aim: To illuminate experiences of living with life-threatening diseases as described in blogs and the experience of blogging about these matters. Methods: A secondary analysis of 21 blogs was performed. Results: It was difficult for bloggers to accept what they perceived to be the unacceptable aspects of having an life-threatening disease. They searched for hope and acceptance, and tried to manage their life. They felt strengthened by supportive encounters with health professionals, relatives, friends, and from their blogging. However, they also felt that they were set aside in relation to both health professionals and relatives. Conclusion: These patients appreciated being able to express their feelings and received support from their readers. Even if patient blogs can be used in health care, research and education, there is a lack of research studies that have examined the benefits of using blogging for any of these purposes.
STRATEGI PEMASARAN KEDAI KOPI “COFEE ET BIEN” KOTA METRO - LAMPUNG

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Changes in lifestyle and the development of certain types of music also encourage the kind of coffee shop business to grow. The purpose of this study was to see whether the number or the proliferation of new coffee shops operating and providing varied offers and menus could cause sales at Cofee et Bien's shops to increase or decrease. This study uses the IFE matrix calculation, IE matrix, QSP matrix analysis and SWOT analysis. This type of research is a descriptive qualitative research. Coffee et bien has experienced stable sales for 6 consecutive months as well as analysis of the internal and external environment of the shop and the formulation of a business strategy that is always applied to Coffe et bien.Keywords: Marketing Strategic, SWOT, IE Matriks, QSP Matriks
Recent Aggravation of Export Earnings in Bangladesh: Is This an Outcome of Export Subsidence of RMG Sector Due to COVID-19 Outbreak?

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Bangladesh has the 2nd largest economy in term of purchasing power parity in South Asia after India. Bangladesh is also considered as one of the fastest growing middle-income countries with a market based mixed economy. Despite of trade deficit in the current account of the balance of payment, the country has been recognized as one of the key destinations of foreign direct investment. Availability of cheap labor made the cost of production lower which makes it possible to attract foreign buyers. Export oriented RMG sector has made a huge contribution in the economy of Bangladesh. Readymade garments have been the key source of export earnings with its accolades in the foreign market. This sector also provides a greater number of job creation especially for female workers. Current pandemic outbreak has raised an unfavorable situation in the RMG sector due to the lockdown in many developed countries, especially European countries which adversely affects the total export earnings of Bangladesh. Because of that, many factories have shut down their production with a huge extinction of foreign demand for RMG products. This voluminous impact of COVID-19 in the export earning capability of readymade garments industry has shifted the trade balance into an unstable situation to create short term alarm in the economy.
ORBITAL MANEUVERS USING THE LAGRANGIAN POINTS

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The well-known Lagrangian points that appear in the planar restricted three-body problem are very important points for astronautical applications. They are five points of equilibrium in the equations of motion, what means that a particle located at one of those points with zero velocity will remain there indefinitely. The collinear points (L1, L2 and L3) are always unstable and the triangular points (L4 and L5) are stable in the case studied in this paper (Earth-Sun system). They are all very good points to locate a space-station, since they require a small amount of ∆V (and fuel) for station-keeping. The triangular points are especially good for this purpose, since they are stable equilibrium points. In this paper, the elliptic planar restricted three-body problem is combined with numeric integration and the conjugate gradient method to solve the two point boundary value problem, that can be formulated as: Find an orbit (in the elliptic three-body problem context) that makes a spacecraft to leave a given point A and goes to another given point B, arriving there after a specified time of Then, by varying the specified time of flight it is possible to find a whole family of transfer orbits and study them in terms of the ∆V required, energy, initial flight path angle, etc. To solve this problem the following steps are used: i) Guess a initial velocity i V r , so together with the initial prescribed position i r r the complete initial state is known; ii) Integrate the equations of motion from t 0 = 0 until t f ; iii) Check the final position f r r obtained from the numerical integration with the prescribed final position and the final time with the specified time of flight. If there is an agreement (difference less than a specified error allowed) the solution is found and the process can stop here. If there is no agreement, an increment in the initial guessed velocity i V r is made and the process goes back to step i). The method used to find the increment in the guessed variables ithe conjugate gradient method. This combination is applied to the search of families of transfer orbits between the Lagrangian points and the two primaries of the Earth-Sun system, with the minimum possible energy.
119Sn Mössbauer spectroscopy study of UCo1−xRuxSn solid solutions

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The influence of the substitution of Co for Ru on the magnetic hyperfine fields Bhf on 119Sn nuclei in UCo1−xRuxSn solid solutions was investigated. The compounds were crystallized in a hexagonal crystal structure of the ZrNiAl type. This structure is characterized by two nonequivalent crystal positions of d-metal. It was shown that Bhf measured at 5 K decreases with an increase in Ru content. Such a dependence of Bhf is opposite to the concentration dependence of the uranium magnetic moments. Therefore, the different mechanisms and electron groups are responsible for the formation of the U magnetic moments and the hyperfine magnetic field on the 119Sn nuclei. It has been concluded from analysis of the obtained results that (i) the observed linear reduction of electron polarization on 119Sn nuclei can be explained by the decrease in density of the s-electrons due to the hybridization of the s-electrons of Sn with Ru/Co atoms, and (ii) the Ru/Co atoms in the two crystal positions make significantly different contributions not just to the 5f-d hybridized band but also to the formation of the magnetic hyperfine fields on 119Sn nuclei.
Recent Advances in the Development of Modified Release Oral Dosage Forms

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

This chapter discusses the general regulatory requirements, rational design of modified release systems, therapeutic challenges, types of modified oral release dosage forms and recent advancement. Oral dosage form always takes the lion's share in pharmaceutical marketing. Oral MR products are generally administered by oral route and utilized the latest techniques to modify the release of drugs. The term modified-release drug product is meant for the products that change the timing and/or the rate of release of the drug substance. A modified-release dosage form is a formulation in which the drug-release characteristics of time course and location are chosen to accomplish therapeutic or convenience objectives offered by conventional dosage forms such as solutions, ointments, or promptly dissolving dosage forms. The term controlled-release drug product was previously used to describe various types of oral extended-release-rate dosage forms, including sustained-release, sustained-action, prolonged-action, long-action, slow-release, and programmed drug delivery.
On the oscillation of fourth-order canonical differential equation with several delays

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

<abstract><p>This study is concerned with investigating the oscillatory properties of a general class of neutral differential equations. Neutral equations are characterized by being rich in both practical and theoretical aspects. We obtain criteria that guarantee the oscillation of solutions to a fourth-order neutral differential equation with multiple delays. Considering the canonical case, we obtain some new relations and inequalities that help in obtaining improved criteria. We use the reduction method to relate the oscillation of the studied equation to a first-order equation. We apply the results to a special case. Through this application, we evaluated the efficiency of the new results in the oscillation test compared to previous results in the literature.</p></abstract>
Summaries of Nursing Care–Related Systematic Reviews From the Cochrane Library

Field: Nursing (Health Sciences)

David Barrett, RN, PgDip, PgCert, BSc (Hons) Nurse Lecturer in Telehealth, Faculty of Health and Social Care, University of Hull, Cottingham Rd Hull, Yorkshire HU6 7RX, United Kingdom. Mr Barrett is a member of the Cochrane Nursing Care Field. This is a summary of a Cochrane Review. The full citation and the names of the researchers who conducted the review are listed in the “Reference” section. The full review is available at http://summaries.cochrane.org/CD002003/beta-blockers-for-hypertension. The author has no conflicts of interest to disclose. Correspondence David Barrett RN, PgDip, PgCert, BSc (Hons), Faculty of Health and Social Care, University of Hull, Cottingham Rd Hull, Yorkshire HU6 7RX, United Kingdom ([email protected]).
Research Progress of Relationship between Probiotics and Intestinal Mucosal Immunization

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

As one kind of living organisms, probiotics can live in the intestine and keep the intestinal microflora in balance, meanwhile they are able to stimulate the intestinal immune system and produce immunoglobulin and cytokine to promote differentiation of lymphocyte, thereby they are significance to the intestinal mucosal immunization. This article summarized the recent information at home and abroad to introduce the relationship between probiotics and the intestinal mucosal immunization, furthermore, it was pointed out the further research trend about probiotics and intestinal immunization in our country.