jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
An X-linked homologue of the autosomal inprinted gene ZNF127 escapes X inactivation

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The ZNF127 gene has been shown to be subject to parental imprinting in both humans and the mouse and maps to within the Prader-Willi/Angelman Syndrome critical region on chromosome 15. We have cloned two X-linked related loci, one of which, ZNFXp is a transcribed gene while the other, ZNFXq, is an untranscribed pseudogene. ZNFXp is 83.6% identical to ZNFXq and 65.4% identical to ZNF127 over 1.4 kb of open reading frame they share in common, Like ZNF127, the predicted protein sequence of ZNFXp contains a C{sub 3}HC{sub 4} zinc finger domain and C{sub 3}H zinc finger-like motifs. Whereas ZNF127 has three C{sub 3}H motifs, ZNFXp has four. A strong CpG island is located within 1 kb 5{prime} of the predicted amino terminus of ZNFXp. Expression of ZNFXp has been detected from mouse/human somatic cell hybrids containing either an active (n=2) or an inactive (n=4) chromosome, and thus escapes X inactivation. Probes made from the 3{prime} UTR of ZNFXp detect a number of related loci in both human and murine DNA, none of which is the ZNF127 locus on chromosome 15. None of the detectable murine bands shows dosage differences between males and females as would be expected for X-linked loci.more » This raises the possibility that ZNFXp inserted into the human X chromosome after its divergence from a common ancestor with the murine X. We have mapped ZNFXp to Xp11.4 by Southern blotting and PCR of hybrid DNAs and by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). ZNFXq maps within the X Inactivation Center (XIC) region on Xq13.2, approximately 300 kb distal to the XIST gene. We find it intriguing, and perhaps significant, that two members of this gene family are subject to epigenetic regulation -- one autosomal imprinting, and the other escape from X inactivation. These results could imply an evolutionary and mechanistic relationship between these two processes.« less
Diagnosis and Assessment of Bleeding Tendency in Chronic Liver Failure Using Three Simple Coagulation Tests

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Three simple one‐stage coagulation screening tests have been performed on the same samples of plasma from 65 patients with chronic liver failure of mixed aetiology. The mean values of the kaolin‐activated partial thromboplastin time, prothrombin time, and prothrombin and proconvertin time (‘P&P’ test) were all significantly different from normal, but the alteration was more marked for the last test than the first two (80% of cases with the prothrombin and proconvertin time compared with about 60% for the other two tests). The prothrombin and proconvertin time was also a better indication of a tendency to bleed than the other two tests.
Multimodal Approach with CAR-T and CAR-NK Cells for Synergistic Action toTreat Cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Recent years have seen a craze about the T-cell immunotherapy for B-cell malignancies, and there is growing interest in NK-CAR therapy. In this paper, I discuss the similarities and differences between the CARs in the NK and T-Cells. Further, explore the possible theoretical concept of a multimodal approach towards treating cancer. Whether the two genetically modified cells could provide an added advantage acting synergistically to complement each other’s therapeutic qualities or counteract each other’s downfall. This short communication is an attempt to pique interest to understand the mechanisms of NK cell and T cell biological interaction in the presence of a therapeutic weapon “CAR” to target tumor.
Night-shift work and risk of breast cancer in Korean women

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Thu-Thi Pham,1 Minji Hwang,2 Eun-Sook Lee,1,3,4 Sun-Young Kong,1,3,4 So-Youn Jung,3,4 Seeyoun Lee,4 Jeongseon Kim,1,3 Mina Ha,5 Sun-Young Kim,1 Boyoung Park21National Cancer Center Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, Goyang, Republic of Korea; 2Department of Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; 3Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea; 4Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea; 5Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Republic of KoreaCorrespondence: Boyoung ParkDepartment of Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of KoreaTel +82 22 220 0682Fax +82 312 220 0699Email hayejine@hanmail.netPurpose: This study evaluated the association between night-shift work (NSW) and breast cancer risk as well as subtypes of breast cancer in Korean women.Patients and methods: The study population included 1721 female breast cancer cases and 1721 female controls matched by age. The subtypes of breast cancer were determined based on estrogen, progesterone, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 statuses by reviewing pathology reports. Odds ratios (ORs) for NSW experience, age at commencement of NSW, frequency, and duration were estimated using conditional logistic regression and were adjusted for confounders such as parity and socioeconomic status&amp;ndash;related factors.Results: Among 1721 pairs, 10.58% of cases and 9.59% of controls had ever engaged in NSW. NSW was not associated with breast cancer risk in terms of ever having night-shift exposure (adjusted OR was 1.11, 95% confidence interval [CI] =0.89&amp;ndash;1.40), duration, frequency, or cumulative working time. The OR for &amp;gt;10 years of lifetime duration of NSW was 1.55 (95% CI 0.89&amp;ndash;2.69, P=0.124). In addition, the OR for &amp;gt;35,000 hrs for cumulative frequency of night work was OR=1.42 (95% CI=0.73&amp;ndash;2.74, P=0.304). There was no heterogeneity in ORs of ever having NSW and cumulative duration of NSW between four subtypes of breast cancer.Conclusion: NSW including long-term and heavy working exposure was not associated with breast cancer risk.Keywords: night-shift work, breast cancer, hormone receptor, estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2
Portunid Crab Breeding and Larval Rearing, Paving the Way for Sustainable Aquaculture

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This mini-review focus primarily on the current knowledge and techniques of portunid breeding and larva rearing. Topics include; (i) natural breeding in captivity and artificial breeding for breeding techniques and (ii) environmental conditions, diet requirements and developing factors for larval rearing. Specific knowledge of portunid crab breeding and larval rearing essential for optimizing breeding and culture conditions are shared. On the whole, this work allows for a better understanding of the portunid crab breeding and larval rearing and helps pave the way for future sustainable aquaculture of portunid crabs, among commercially important crustacean family in the world.
Exploiting Arthropod Midgut Components for Development of Interventions against Infectious Diseases

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Infectious diseases that are transmitted by arthropod vectors cause millions of deaths annually. Insect arthropods like mosquitoes, tsetse flies, and ticks are medically important arthropods transmitting pathogens of infectious diseases in sub-Saharan Africa. Several intervention strategies for controlling infectious diseases are based on vector control using insecticide-treated nets, chemical sprays, and medication therapies. Recent approaches are now focusing on transmission-blocking interventions that block the transmission of pathogens from vectors to humans. The midgut is an important organ in the immune system of insects and the most challenging environment for infectious pathogens. Certain genes are differentially expressed in insects' midgut to produce anti-parasite effector molecules which interfere with the development and transmission of parasites. In addition, the midgut microbiota is a major part of the innate immunity of insects. Anti-parasite effector molecules produced by differential expression of immune-related genes and those produced by several symbiotic microorganisms in the midgut of arthropods contribute to their innate immunity. Some metabolic products of endosymbionts modulate the susceptibility of their insect-host AU: Please check "insect-host" and "vector-host" throughout the text for clarity. to infection and transmission of infectious pathogens. Genetic manipulation offers strategies for the development of transgenic vectors for disease control. Two novel strategies for genetic manipulation—transgenesis and paratransgenesis—are discussed with examples from mosquitoes, tsetse flies, and ticks. Transgenesis attempts the direct genetic manipulation of the vector's genome to compromise its vectorial competence. Identifying suitable anti-parasite genes that will not impose fitness cost to the vector is an important step in transgenesis. Paratransgenesis on the other hand is the genetic manipulation of the vector's microbiota for the delivery of antimicrobial molecules in the vector. Some midgut endosymbionts deliver anti-parasite molecules which interact with parasites and inhibit their development and transmission. This chapter discusses the exploitation of arthropod midgut components for the development of interventions against infectious diseases.
Physics practicals for distance education in an undergraduate engineering course

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

\n\t\t\t\t\tBACKGROUND : Providing engineering practicals to undergraduates by means of distance education is a significant challenge. The past 30 years have seen the rapid development of the distance education. For many years, Deakin University has offered a full Bachelor of Engineering degree programme via distance education. All first-year students study a unit in physics. This unit includes practicals. Providing practical experiences to students is distance education&rsquo;s greatest challenge.<br /><br />PURPOSE : The purpose of this work was to develop the means for off-campus students to complete practical exercises in first-year engineering physics. The solution to the problem also had to comply with accreditation requirements set by Engineers Australia.<br /><br />METHOD : The long-term solution to the problem was running on-campus lab classes either on weekends or as part of the annual first-year residential school for engineering professional practice. Students work was assessed by means of standard laboratory reports. On-campus marks and off-campus lab marks have been collected and compared over the past 12 years.<br /><br />RESULTS : The results indicate that the off-campus lab experience is similar to the on-campus experience. Marks for the two cohorts were comparable. Those few students who completed their pracs at home faced and overcame significant challenges.<br /><br />CONCLUSIONS : We found that performance in their lab reports for off-campus students was similar to that of the on-campus students. Accreditation requirements has shifted the focus from developing activities that students could perform at home to offering timely and efficient on-campus lab classes for off-campus students. Future work will focus on on-campus lab classes in accordance with accreditation requirements and perhaps on-line broadcasts of prac classes for those students who cannot attend lab on-campus.\n\t\t\t\t
Automatic prosodic and syntactic analysis from speech in cognitive infocommunication

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Speech prosody and speech syntax are closely related, and this correspondence - syntax to prosody mapping - is exploited in text-to-speech infocommunication applications. However, in automatic speech recognition and understanding based inter-cognitive infocommunication, the use of prosody to syntax mapping is mostly restricted to minimal pair disambiguation purposes, although a partial recovery of the syntactic structure can be feasible based on speech prosody. This paper presents an experiment for the automatic analysis of the prosodic and syntactic structure of speech based on automatic alignment of prosodic units - so called phonological phrases. Results show that a basic skeleton of the underlying syntactic structure and also some layering (hierarchical) information can be reconstructed based on speech prosody.
P2‐129: ALLOPREGNANOLONE RESTORES COGNITIVE FUNCTION IN APOE4+ FEMALES AND MALES AND PROMOTES METABOLISM OF FUELS REQUIRED FOR ATP GENERATION

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Sex differences in the effect of ApoE4 on risk and progression of AD have been reported, with greater adverse impact in women. To address sex and APOE genotype impact on therapeutic efficacy of the regenerative neurosteroid Allopregnanolone (Allo), we investigated behavioral and metabolomic outcomes following Allo treatment in aged APOE4-/+ female and male mice. Female and male ApoE3, E4 E3/4 mice were treated 1/week with intramuscular dose of 2 mg/kg Allo for 26 weeks or placebo from 10-16 months-of-age. Dose, formulation and duration of treatment were designed to reflect the human Phase 1b/2a clinical trial of Allo, (ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT02221622). Behavior was assessed using Novel Object Recognition. Plasma and cortex were queried for 185 metabolites using ultra-performance-LCMS. Behavioral analyses indicated significantly increased novel object recognition in ApoE4 females and males with greatest effect in ApoE4 females, higher Discrimination Index (DI) and significantly better novel object recognition. Allo had no effect in APOE3/3 mice. Metabolomic analyses indicated changes in lipid and Arg metabolism between females and males within and across the three genotypes. In ApoE3 and ApoE4 females, plasma glycerophospholipid metabolism was significantly downregulated (p<0.05). Glycerophospholipids were lowest in ApoE3/4 females. In cortex, biogenic amines (α-aminoadipic acid, putrescine) and amino acids (Arg and Phe) were lowest in ApoE3 and ApoE4 females suggesting increased Arg catabolism. Following Allo treatment, ApoE4 female plasma showed decreased glycerophospholipids and increased acylcarnitines, suggesting increased lipid catabolism. In ApoE4 male plasma, Allo increased ADMA, ornithine, and acylcarnitines, indicating increased Arg and lipid catabolism. Allo exerted an APOE genotype dependent effect to improve cognitive function in ApoE4+ female and male mice with ApoE4+females exhibiting greater response to Allo. Metabolomic data are suggestive of an effect of Allo to increase lipid metabolism to generate acetyl-CoA to feed into the TCA cycle ATP generation in the mitochondria. Further, Allo treatment increased indicators of protein metabolism. In summary, efficacy of Allo was evident in both females and males and modified by ApoE genotype. Further therapeutic development of Allo is underway.
Geometric Prior Based Deep Human Point Cloud Geometry Compression

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The emergence of digital avatars has prompted an exponential increase in the demand for human point clouds with realistic and intricate details. The compression of such data becomes challenging due to massive amounts of data comprising millions of points. Herein, we leverage the human geometric prior in the geometry redundancy removal of point clouds to greatly promote compression performance. More specifically, the prior provides topological constraints as geometry initialization, allowing adaptive adjustments with a compact parameter set that can be represented with only a few bits. Therefore, we propose representing high-resolution human point clouds as a combination of a geometric prior and structural deviations. The prior is first derived with an aligned point cloud. Subsequently, the difference in features is compressed into a compact latent code. The proposed framework can operate in a plug-and-play fashion with existing learning-based point cloud compression methods. Extensive experimental results show that our approach significantly improves the compression performance without deteriorating the quality, demonstrating its promise in serving a variety of applications.
Exploring whiteness: A study of self labels for white Americans

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study examines the preferences and meanings of labels for white Americans as discursively defined expressions of identity. Preliminary investigation revealed resistance by white Americans to self‐labelling, and led to this systematic study of preferred labels and the reasons underlying this resistance. In all, 371 white respondents completed a survey, rating seven labels in terms of preference, and gave meanings for these labels. They also discussed their feelings and opinions about the process of self‐labelling. The results reveal that the most preferred label is "White" and the least preferred is "WASP." The authors interpret the findings from a multi‐perspectival position, incorporating critical as well as social psychological interpretations.
The presence of undesirable mould species on the surface of dry sausages

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Transition from manufacture to the industrial way of meat production and processing, as well as contemporary concept of food quality and safety, have led to the application of starter cultures. Their application leads towards the streamlining of the production process in the desired direction, quality improvement and its harmonization, and thereby to its standardization. Application of moulds in the meat industry is based on positive effects of their proteolytic and lipolytic egzoenzymes which, as a consequence, leads to the creation of characteristic sensory properties ('flavor') of fermented products. Penicillium nalgiovense is a typical representative of moulds used in the production of fermented sausages-salamis from our region. Samples of 'zimska salama' (dry sausage), produced with Penicillium nalgiovense, were evaluated as hygienically unacceptable. Their sensory properties changed due to contamination of this mould during the ripening process. Micological analysis discovered the presence of Penicillium aurantiogriseum, which is a frequent mould contaminant in the meat industry. At the same time, thin layer chromatography revealed no possibility of metabolic activity of this mould in the creation of mycotoxins. However, the presence of this mould on the surface of 'zimska salama' is considered as undesirable due to formation of 'off flavor' in products. Such product is considered as hygienically unacceptable and cannot be used for the human consumption.
Electrochemical Reactions of Nitrogen in a Molten Chloride System

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The electrochemical reactions of nitride ion and nitrogen gas in LiCl- KCl eutectic melt have been studied by cyclic voltammetry, chronopotentiometry, chronoamperometry and gas analysis. Nitride ion is anodically oxidized to form nitrogen gas almost quantitatively on nickel electrode according to the following reaction:
Mixed Alcohol Synthesis Catalyst Screening

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) and Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) are conducting research to investigate the feasibility of producing mixed alcohols from biomass-derived synthesis gas (syngas). PNNL is tasked with obtaining commercially available or preparing promising mixed-alcohol catalysts and screening them in a laboratory-scale reactor system. Commercially available catalysts and the most promising experimental catalysts are provided to NREL for testing using a slipstream from a pilot-scale biomass gasifier. From the standpoint of producing C2+ alcohols as the major product, it appears that the rhodium catalyst is the best choice in terms of both selectivity and space-time yield (STY). However, unless the rhodium catalyst can be improved to provide minimally acceptable STYs for commercial operation, mixed alcohol synthesis will involve significant production of other liquid coproducts. The modified Fischer-Tropsch catalyst shows the most promise for providing both an acceptable selectivity to C2+ alcohols and total liquid STY. However, further optimization of the Fischer-Tropsch catalysts to improve selectivity to higher alcohols is highly desired. Selection of a preferred catalyst will likely entail a decision on the preferred coproduct slate. No other catalysts tested appear amenable to the significant improvements needed for acceptable STYs.
Understanding Organizational Level ERP Assimilation: A Multi-Case Study

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Assimilation of ERP technology into organizational routine has received increased attention in the literature. The main objectives of this study are to examine the different levels of ERP assimilation in companies and to understand the primary drivers of organizational level ERP assimilation. Using a multi-case study method in this exploratory research, we conceptualize ERP assimilation at organizational level in a hierarchical model from supporting business process, to supporting operational decision marking, and to supporting business strategies. We then identify some primary drivers of organizational level ERP assimilation, including environment uncertainty, perceived usefulness, and internal managerial need. Finally, we identify some facilitating factors for organizational level ERP assimilation, including interaction with vendor, cautious implementation strategy, and strong IT champion. Theoretical contributions and managerial implications are discussed.
A taxonomy for community-based care programs focused on HIV/AIDS prevention, treatment, and care in resource-poor settings

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Community-based care (CBC) can increase access to key services for people affected by HIV/AIDS through the mobilization of community interests and resources and their integration with formal health structures. Yet, the lack of a systematic framework for analysis of CBC focused on HIV/AIDS impedes our ability to understand and study CBC programs. We sought to develop taxonomy of CBC programs focused on HIV/AIDS in resource-limited settings in an effort to understand their key characteristics, uncover any gaps in programming, and highlight the potential roles they play. Our review aimed to systematically identify key CBC programs focused on HIV/AIDS in resource-limited settings. We used both bibliographic database searches (Medline, CINAHL, and EMBASE) for peer-reviewed literature and internet-based searches for gray literature. Our search terms were 'HIV' or 'AIDS' and 'community-based care' or 'CBC'. Two co-authors developed a descriptive taxonomy through an iterative, inductive process using the retrieved program information. We identified 21 CBC programs useful for developing taxonomy. Extensive variation was observed within each of the nine categories identified: region, vision, characteristics of target populations, program scope, program operations, funding models, human resources, sustainability, and monitoring and evaluation strategies. While additional research may still be needed to identify the conditions that lead to overall program success, our findings can help to inform our understanding of the various aspects of CBC programs and inform potential logic models for CBC programming in the context of HIV/AIDS in resource-limited settings. Importantly, the findings of the present study can be used to develop sustainable HIV/AIDS-service delivery programs in regions with health resource shortages.