jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Bullying Victimization, Parenting Stress, and Anxiety among Adolescents and Young Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Bullying victimization is commonly associated with anxiety among individuals with and without Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), and both bullying victimization and anxiety are more prevalent among youth with ASD than in the general population. We explored individual and contextual factors that relate to anxiety in adolescents and young adults with ASD who also experience bullying victimization. Participants included 101 mothers of adolescents and young adults diagnosed with ASD. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses were conducted to investigate the relationship between bullying victimization and anxiety in children with ASD, as well as parenting stress as a potential moderator of that relationship. Findings indicate that parenting stress moderates the association between bullying victimization and anxiety. The severity of anxiety was most strongly associated with bullying victimization when mothers reported high levels of stress. Implications for interventions that assist parents with coping and address bullying victimization are discussed. Autism Res 2015, 8: 727–737 . © 2015 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Fractal Studies on Protein Molecular Chains

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

A new method for the calculation of the fractal dimension ( D) of a protein molecular chain and the D values of three kinds of protein are re ported. Thirty-nine proteins covering four structural classes of proteins, selected from the protein data bank were computed. It was found that the mean value of fractal dimension of protein increased in order of the local D L < middle mean D M < global D G for the short, middle and long range construc tion, respectively. The D value decreased in order of α > α/β > (α + β) > β for the structural classes of protein molecules. This suggests that the fractal dimension may be used to characterize the tertiary structure of a protein. As a structural quantity it reflects the morphology of a protein chain based on the amino acid sequence.
The Impact of Microcredit on the Poor in Bangladesh: Revisiting the Evidence

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Abstract: We replicate and reanalyse the most influential study of microcredit impacts (Pitt and Khandker, 1998). That study was celebrated for showing that microcredit reduces poverty, a much hoped-for possibility (though one not confirmed by recent randomized controlled trials). We show that the original results on poverty reduction disappear after dropping outliers, or when using a robust linear estimator. Using a new program for estimation of mixed process maximum likelihood models, we show how assumptions critical for the original analysis, such as error normality, are contradicted by the data. We conclude that questions about impact cannot be answered in these data. (JEL: C21, C23, C24, C25, O12, O16) 1 We thank Mark Pitt for assistance with data and comments on earlier versions; Maren Duvendack and Richard Palmer-Jones for scrutiny of our data set construction; and Xavier Giné, Dean Karlan, and anonymous referees for reviews. Correspondence: droodman@gmail.com. The Impact of Microcredit on the Poor in Bangladesh: Revisiting the Evidence Over the last few decades, microcredit has captured millions of customers, billions of dollars
Treatment of psoriasis with long-wave ultraviolet light

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

• Repeated exposures of 4 by 5-cm sites to erythemogenic doses (20 to 300 joules/sq cm) of long-wave ultraviolet light (UV-A; 320 to 400 nm) led to improvement of the psoriasis vulgaris condition in nine of ten patients treated. Comparison studies showed the therapeutic responses to be similar to that of daily sunburn spectrum (UV-B; 290 to 320 nm) radiation. This finding suggests that the therapeutic response spectrum for psoriasis may parallel the action spectrum for delayed erythema of all portions of the ultraviolet spectrum that pass through psoriatic scale. (Arch Dermatol113:1525-1528, 1977)
Analysis of the electromagnetic/coherent transport problem in graphene nanoribbons

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The combined quantum and electromagnetic analysis of graphene nanoribbons (GNR), often required for describing applications to practical devices, constitutes a difficult task. Our goal is to develop a multiphysics investigation of the electromagnetic field dynamics together with the quantum coherent transport in nanoscale environment. In this contribution, we show the dynamics of a charge wavepacket from source to drain electrodes in a graphene nanoribbon transistor configuration
Foregoing life-sustaining treatment: what are the legal limits in an aging society?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Death comes to everyone. However, in our society, due to great advances in medical knowledge and technology over the last few decades, death does not come suddenly or completely unexpectedly to most people. . . . Sophisticated life-sustaining medical technology has made it possible to hold some people on the threshold of death for an indeterminate period of time, obfuscat[ing] the use of traditional definition of death. ... Questions of fate have thereby become matters of choice raising profound moral, social, technological, philosophical, and legal questions involving the interplay of many disciplines. 1
CRYSTAL STRUCTURE CHANGES INDUCED BY MULTIPLE IONIZATION ATOMS

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Recombinations of Frenkel pairs in the high temperature area (developed by delayed auger electrons) were studied in order to determine the mechanism of ionizationinduced crystal defects. Ion conductivity of irradiation alkali-halide crystals, analyzed as function of temperature STAln delta (1/T/sup 0/)! at 150 deg C, revealed a dip in the straight line that develops into a new straight line at room temperature. This peculiarity appeared in the ion structural-sensitive codductivity area. Radioinduced defects in the alkalihalide crystals were easily annealed at 150 to 200 C, while at room temperature they exist for a long time. (R.V.J.)
Regional Models for Portfolio Diversification

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Executive Summary. This research is an extension of earlier efforts to develop geographic diversification strategies based upon economic factors, particularly employment-related measures. A much broader set of measures is used to search for broad macroeconomic cycles. Seven groups of states, labeled “Capacity Clusters” due to the emphasis on economic and development capacity, are identified. Although there are clear signs of geographic influence, the clusters are not at all synonymous with “pure” geographic regions of contiguous states. Utilizing NCREIF property returns data, the ability to develop well diversified portfolios based upon the capacity clusters is tested. The results suggest that superior diversification benefits may be found with the Capacity Cluster approach.
DENTAL CARIES SITUATION OF SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN HUONGTRA DISTRICT, THUA THIEN HUE PROVINCE

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

SUMMARY Dental caries are a common disease in Viet Nam and all over the world. It affects aesthetics as well as the function of mastication. If the caries are not treated properly, it can cause dangerous complications. Today, dental caries prevention is effectely implentmented in many developed countries. Meanwhile, the dental caries prevalence in developing countries is very high because of the inadequacy of prevention measures. In Viet Nam, the national oral health survey in 2002 shows that the dental caries prevalence in different ages are: 83.7% in 6; 56.6% in 12; 67% in 15; 75 – 89.7% in adults. The study aims at identify the dental caries prevalence of secondary school students in Huong Tra district in 2009 and study some factors relating to dental caries. The Cross – sectional descriptive study in the secondary school students in Huong Tra district, 2009 was conducted. A stratified cluster sample was used in this study. There were 663 students participating in this study, who were divided into 2 groups: one living in the town, the other living in communes. The study showed that the dental caries prevalence was 84.6 % in secondary school students, the mean of DMF and DMFS were 3,00 and 5,06; the oral hygiene situation and living places were factors relating to dental carie;, and there was not a significant relationship between dental caries and the following factors: age, sex, ages of parents, number of children in the family, water source, knowledge and practice of oral health care.
MHA-Net: Multipath Hybrid Attention Network for Building Footprint Extraction From High-Resolution Remote Sensing Imagery

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Deep learning approaches have been widely applied to building footprint extraction using high-resolution imagery. However, the traditional fully convolution network still has problems in recovering spatial details and discriminating buildings with varying sizes and styles. We propose a novel multipath hybrid attention network (MHA-Net) to address these challenges. We design a separable convolution block attention module and an attention downsampling module as the basic modules with separable convolutions and channel attention. The MHA-Net architecture consists of three components: the encoding network, multipath hybrid dilated convolution (HDC), and dense upsampling convolution (DUC). The encoding network is used to encode the high-level semantic contexts of images. The multipath HDC aggregates multiscale features by combining rich semantic representations extracted by HDCs, which can achieve promising results in extracting tiny buildings. The DUC is capable of recovering precise spatial information of buildings. We evaluate our network on two public datasets: the WHU aerial building dataset and the Massachusetts building dataset. According to the experimental results, MHA-Net outperforms other classical semantic segmentation models and several recent building extraction models. In particular, MHA-Net can improve the extraction accuracy of small buildings and is robust to complicated building roofs.
Enzymes of the Tryptophan Pathway in Three Bacillus Species

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The tryptophan synthetic pathway was characterized in three species of Bacillus, B. subtilis, B. pumilus , and B. alvei . They share the common features of a pathway which is subject to tryptophan repression, contains no unexpected complexes among the five enzymes, exhibits dissociable anthranilate synthase enzymes which do not require phosphoribosyl transferase for amidetransfer activity, contains separate indoleglycerol phosphate synthase and phosphoribosylanthranilate isomerase enzymes, and contains similar tryptophan synthetase multimers. In looking at these characteristics in detail however, differences among the three species became apparent, as, for example, in the complementation observed between the α and β 2 components of tryptophan synthetase, and the dissociation patterns of the large and small components of anthranilate synthase. The results demonstrate some pitfalls in attempting to compare multimeric enzymes in crude extracts from different organisms.
The Strength Performance Analysis of Vertical Wind Turbine’s Tower on Base Transceiver Station

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Wind power plant is one of the potential sources of electricity to be developed. Due to its height, the Base Transceiver Station (BTS) tower has a possibility for the wind turbine tower. This study aims to analyze whether the BTS tower can still stand sturdy when the wind turbine load is added. This research is related to the analysis of the value of von Mises stress, displacement, and safety factors. Furthermore, a comparison will be made between the results of the analysis with the maximum limit of these factors to determine the feasibility of the BTS tower. The result of this research is that none of these three factors cross the boundaries of the material used in the BTS tower. It can be concluded that the BTS tower when the wind turbine load is added can still stand strong and technically safe.
The roles of multimodality treatment and lymphadenectomy in the management of esophageal cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose: To review the current status of multimodality treatment and lymphadenectomy in the management of esophageal cancer. Data sources: Literature review. Study selection: Multimodality treatment and lymphadenectomy in esophageal cancer. Data extraction: Multimodality treatment and lymphadenectomy in esophageal cancer. Data extraction: Results in research papers published selected by literature search. Results: Numerous studies have been carried out attempting to define the roles of various neoadjuvant or adjuvant regimens in the treatment of esophageal cancer. These included the use of radiotherapy or chemotherapy alone or in different combinations, with or without surgical resection. Randomized trials have failed to show significant improvement compared with surgical resection alone, although downstaging of disease and benefits on subgroups of patients could be demonstrated. Whether the extent of resection can influence outcome was tested by varying the surgical approach, and by increasing the extent of lymphadenectomy. Although indirect evidence exists suggesting more extensive resection may improve long term prognosis, definitive proof is lacking. Conclusions: More well organized randomized controlled trials are needed to further elucidate the roles of these approaches in the treatment of esophageal cancer.
Bayesian networks for the analyses of tree functions trade-offs in tropical agro-silvopastoral systems

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Natural system produces several resources and processes, known as ecosystem services (ES), which contribute to human wellbeing. Frequently, different ES are interlinked together, which translates into positive or negative covariation between ES. However, despite its capital importance, very little is known about which are the functions that regulate the different ES, about the effect that different management practices can have on the capacity of natural systems to produce ES or about the trade?offs between different ES. Groups of species with similar attributes can be linked to specific effects on other organisms, which consequently affect ecosystem functioning and the provision of ES. In this study, we explored the use of Bayesian Networks (BN) to represent the probabilistic relationships between effect traits of trees in a seasonally dry agro?silvopastoral system and three service provision functions (grassland productivity and soil properties under the trees and fodder quality of trees). Based on physiological and phenological traits (for grassland and soil) and chemical components (for fodder quality), we classified trees in functional groups (PFG), estimated the linkages between these groups and the studied functions and evaluated the influence of environmental characteristics on these linkages. The BN approach allowed us to assess the trade?offs between different ecosystem functions. We found that different PFG can have very different effects on different functions, and that these effects can be strongly modulated by environmental features. For example, there were marked differences in the productivity of the understorey vegetation between different PFG both within and across environments, which indicates that the attributes of trees play an important role determining the effect of trees on understorey vegetation. These results contrasted with those observed for the effect of trees on soil properties, which was generally positive and independent of the effect on understorey productivity, suggesting the absence of trade?offs between these functions. (Texte integral)
Adaptation or byproduct? an evolutionary debate on religion.

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The past 20 years has seen an increase in interest in the evolutionary approach to the study of religion. Four viewpoints have emerged, with the debate between religion as an evolved adaptation and religion as a byproduct of other evolved processes forming the core of this debate. Byproduct theorists argue from the evidence of non-religious cognitive modules that religion co-opted for its purposes, the Compensation Hypothesis theory that states that religion is only but a substitutionary compensation for a lack of parental attachment, and the independence and separate development of moral intuitions that prove that religion is a byproduct. Adaptationists contend with the arguments of costly signaling in rituals that honestly signal commitment, supernatural beliefs that effectively police social contracts, research in cognitive neuroscience that suggest cognitive architecture of the religious system, and religious attitudes that emphasize reproductive success and fertility as evidences that religion is an evolved adaptation. A new and emerging approach – religion as a flying buttress – considers religion as a cultural trait that may be modified by humans in its cultural environment, such that even a byproduct may have a functional role in providing humans with adaptive advantages. More research is needed before a definitive conclusion can be made, although the third perspective, inspired by niche construction theory, holds promise in guiding future research. Implications of the adaptationist-byproduct debate in today’s society, as well as the relation of this debate to the larger science-religion debate, are discussed.
Punk and metal: antithesis, synthesis or prosthetic?

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

On the surface of it punk and metal are as alike as chalk and cheese. Metal is the cult of the guitar hero - punk, the anti-guitar hero. Metal admires technique, virtuosity and composition. Punk: amateurism, spontaneity, chaos. Likewise, subcultural stylization: long hair, the ‘poodle perm’ or the mullet-cut vs. the Mohican, spiky-mop or skinhead crop; boys behaving badly vs. boys (and sometimes girls) behaving politically; Teutonic runes vs. ‘ransom’ style, cut-ups and paste; Armageddon vs. anarchy; punk’s social realism vs. metal’s comic-book iconography; and so on and so forth. While such a caricatured list is, on one level absurd, it speaks of a real and deeply felt sense of difference and antagonism between the musical movements and subcultures; one which raged at its most fierce during the rise and demise of U.S. post-punk and hardcore (1978-1985), UK punk (1975-78) and Oi/Street/ Anarcho and Post-punk (1979-84) scenes, respectively. \nWhile there are plenty of examples of hostility and incomprehension from individual musicians, bands, subcultural members, fans and fanzine editors, as well as professional music critics and academics, suggesting that punk and metal have nothing in common - never had and never could have - it is my contention that whether metallers and punks like it or not their musical styles and subcultures, cross and re-cross each other in a complex, genre-expanding and cross-pollinating fashion (from at least 1978 onwards). What is less appreciated is that this cultural syncretism is merely the most visible and dramatic example of a largely unexplored history of musical, (sub)cultural and political borrowings, appropriations and adaptations, which define and re-define the borders of punk, hardcore and metal. \nMy paper offers a framework for interpreting this border politics in terms of the concepts of antithesis, synthesis and prostheticization. It asks how the musical and cultural relations between punk and metal can be characterized at various points in their evolution? This involves a consideration of musical and performance style, subcultural scene and economic substructure (recording, distribution and promotion) and the extent to which an examination of the emergence of particular styles reveal ‘moments’ of clear opposition, signs of integration or major (largely unacknowledged) ‘surgery’ that has benefited the one at the expense of the other. On balance it is metal that has borrowed most from punk but in the course of this osmosis punk has itself become subject to internal claims and antagonisms over difference and definition that have themselves involved the currency of metal.
A straight forward signal processing scheme to improve effect size of fNIR signals

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) plays an imperative role for studying hemodynamic measurement of brain. Event related task measurement mostly depends on the effect size (ES) of fNIRS data. The noisy fNIR signal is an obstacle to estimate the precise ES of such measurement. Though Savitzky-Golay and Moving Average filters are often used for de-noising the fNIR signal, they have some limitations in measuring ES. In this paper, we have proposed a simple signal processing scheme which contributes to remove noise and evaluates not only proper ES but also overcome the drawback of Savitzky-Golay and Moving Average filter. By this scheme, the filtered signal becomes lower standard deviated than the raw fNIR signal. Else, the scheme maintains the mean of original and filtered signal unchanged. Since, the scheme reduces the standard deviation of the signal notably remaining the mean value unchanged; the ES of interest is improved eloquently. The numerical results and corresponding contrast to noise ratio (CNR) pattern prove the usefulness of the proposed scheme. The numerical results and corresponding contrast to noise ratio (CNR) pattern prove the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
The digital control of anaesthetic gas flow

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Summary The theory and construction of a prototype digital gas flow controller are described. Using eight preset needle valves, it has the ability to deliver any flow from 50 to 12750 ml/minute in steps of 50 ml/minute. Under given conditions, the accuracy of this de vice is very high and its variation in performance with pipeline supply pressures is quantified. The required flow is requested from a BBC ‘B’ microcomputer which is interfaced with the equipment via a program written in Basic and the 1MHz bus port. The possible uses and potential of a microcomputer‐controlled flow regulator in anaesthesia and intensive care are discussed.
A touchscreen based global motion perception task for mice

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Global motion perception is a function of higher, or extrastriate, visual system circuitry. These circuits can be engaged in visually driven navigation, a behavior at which mice are adept. However, the properties of global motion perception in mice are unclear. Therefore, we developed a touchscreen-based, two-alternative forced choice (2AFC) task to explore global motion detection in mice using random dot kinematograms (RDK). Performance data was used to compute coherence thresholds for global motion perception. The touchscreen-based task allowed for parallel training and testing with multiple chambers and minimal experimenter intervention with mice performing hundreds of trials per session. Parameters of the random dot kinematograms, including dot size, lifetime, and speed, were tested. Mice learned to discriminate kinematograms whose median motion direction differed by 90 degrees in 7-24days after a 10-14day pre-training period. The average coherence threshold (measured at 70% correct) in mice for this task was 22±5%, with a dot diameter of 3.88mm and speed of 58.2mm/s. Our results confirm the ability of mice to perform global motion discriminations, and the touchscreen assay provides a flexible, automated, and relatively high throughput method with which to probe complex visual function in mice.