jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Intertrochanteric Fracture of the Ankylosed Hip Joint Treated by a Gamma Nail: A Case Report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Copyright © 2012 Daichi Ishimaru et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. We herein report a rare case of an intertrochanteric fracture complicated with an ankylosed hip joint in a 76-year-old man. Generally, operative treatment is performed for elderly people with intertrochanteric fractures to prevent general complications, maintain mobility, and release pain. However, intertrochanteric fractures of ankylosed hip joints are rare, and the optimal surgery for this condition is unknown. In addition, surgical fracture repair is challenging because unusual instability of the fracture site is suspected owing to the long lever arm of the lower extremity. Nevertheless, we successfully treated this rare fracture using a gamma nail, which may be a useful implant with which to treat this type of fracture if the status of the arthrodesed hip joint allows. 1.
MET amplification (amp) as a resistance mechanism to osimertinib.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

9020 Background: Osimertinib (osi) is an EGFR T790M inhibitor. Mechanisms (mech) of acquired resistance (AR) are under study. We report a cohort of osi-AR pts with extensive pre/post-osi tissue and plasma. Methods: We analyzed 23 pts with AR to osi. Tumor biopsies (bx) underwent NGS (SNaPshot, MGH) and FISH for EGFR, MET amp (target:CEP7 > 2.2.) Plasma underwent ctDNA NGS (Guardant360). Results: Of the 23 osi-treated EGFR-mutants (13 with EGFR del19, 10 L858R), 2 had de novo T790M, 21 acquired T790M. 13 had prior 3 rd gen EGFR TKIs before osi - rociletinib(11), ASP8273(1), EGF816(1). Median time on osi was 12 mo (range 2-25), med total time on 3 rd -gen EGFR TKIs was 18 mo. Bx types were tissue (16), plasma (18), and both (11, med interval 31d). All pts retained their founder EGFR mutation, but 15/23 (65%) “lost” T790M post-osi, suggesting AR arose from a T790wt subclone (Table). Common AR mech were MET amp (7/23; 30%) and EGFR C797S (5/23; 22%). 1 pt each had SCLC transformation, PIK3CA E545K/PIK3CA amp and FGFR1 D60N/FGFR1 amp. 2 pts had 2 distinct post-osi tissue bx showing heterogeneity. Pt 8 had plasma and a lung nodule with C797S/T790M while a mediastinal LN was wt at both loci. Pt 22 had MET-amp in pleural fluid but no MET amp on lung bx. Plasma identified AR mech not seen in tissue in 2/11 pts with both bx types. Among 7 pts with MET amp, 3 received combo EGFR/ MET TKI; all 3 had a RECIST PR. Conclusions: In this osi-resistant cohort, we commonly saw MET amp (30%) and C797S (22%). MET amp seems more common post-osi than after 1 st -line TKIs, and 3/3 pts responded to EGFR+MET TKIs. AR heterogeneity was seen in 2 pts with matched tissue/plasma and 2 with >1 tissue bx, underscoring the complementary roles of plasma and tissue. [Table: see text]
INFLUENCE OF SERUM INHIBITORS ON COLONY DEVELOPMENT IN VITRO BY BONE MARROW CELLS

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Summary The sera from BALB/c mice were found to contain uniformly high levels of inhibitors which acted in vitro by blocking the effect of colony stimulating factor in stimulating colony formation by mouse bone marrow cells. These inhibitors could be inactivated by ether extraction and heating and were removable by dialysis. The inhibitors exhibited partial species specificity, were not toxic for colony‐forming cells but led to the preture transformation of granulocytic cells to macrophages in developing colonies. Bone marrow cells from BALB/c mice contained lower numbers of in vitro colony‐forming cells and produced a lower percentage of granulocytic colonies when stimulated in culture than did cells from C57BL mice (a strain with low serum inhibitor levels). Mice with myelomonocytic leukaemia developed low serum inhibitor levels in the advanced stages of the disease.
Predicting 5-year survival of colorectal carcinoma patients using data mining methods.

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We compared the accuracy of 3 data-mining models, neural-network, decision-tree, and logistic-regression, in predicting the 5-year survival of patients with colorectal cancer. The database consisted of patient demographics, pathologic features, and levels of expression of 2 biomarkers (p53 and Bcl-2). All 3 methods demonstrated acceptable accuracy, from 64% to 70%. The neural-network model had the best specificity (80%) and accuracy (70%) but lowest sensitivity (59%). Both logistic-regression and decision-models demonstrated comparable sensitivity (72%).
Stability of transgene expression during vegetative propagation of protoplast-derived tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) plants

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The expression of a β-glucuronidase (GUS) transgene, under the control of the rice actin1 promoter and first intron, introduced via PEG-mediated transformation of protoplasts, has been followed through a number of generations of vegetative propagation (tillering) in the forage grass Festuca arundinacea. Gene expression was found to be particularly unstable during early generations of tillering, but more stable in the fourth or fifth tiller generation. Loss of transgene expression was not due to deletion of the transgene nor was it due to gross rearrangements in the transgene as demonstrated by Southern blot analysis of expressing and non-expressing tillers. Loss of transgene expression due to hypermethylation of the transgene promoter has been shown previously, but in this case it was not possible to detect differences in the methylation patterns of the coding and promoter regions of expressing and non-expressing tillers. The implications for screening of transgenic plants intended to be vegetatively propagated are discussed.
Endoscopic management of pancreatic diseases in patients with surgically altered anatomy: clinical outcomes of combination of double‐balloon endoscopy‐ and endoscopic ultrasound‐guided interventions

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives In patients with surgically altered anatomy, endoscopic treatment of pancreatic diseases is technically challenging. We aimed to evaluate the feasibility, effectiveness, and safety of an interchangeable combination of double‐balloon endoscope‐assisted ERP (DB‐ERP) and endoscopic ultrasonography‐guided pancreatic duct drainage (EUS‐PD) in this clinical setting. Methods Consecutive patients with surgically altered anatomy undergoing endoscopic treatment (DB‐ERP, EUS‐PD, or both) for pancreatic diseases were studied. The primary outcome was technical success; secondary outcomes were clinical success and adverse events. Results Forty patients who underwent DB‐ERP (38) and EUS‐PD (2) as an initial intervention were retrospectively studied. Indications for intervention included 18 pancreaticojejunostomy anastomotic stricture (PJAS), four pancreatic duct stone (PDS), four pancreatic fistula (PF), 11 PJAS with PDS, and three PJAS with PF. Prior surgical reconstruction was 26 Billroth‐II, 13 Roux‐en‐Y, and one Imanaga reconstruction. Along with salvage procedures including three DB‐ERP and seven EUS‐PD, the overall technical success rates of DB‐ERP and EUS‐PD were 70.7% (29/41) and 100% (9/9), respectively. Clinical success was achieved in 85.0% (34/40) by combination of DB‐ERP and EUS‐PD; successful drainage for PJAS, complete removal of PDS, and resolution of PF were achieved in 90.6%, 80.0%, and 71.4%, respectively. Adverse event rates were 12.2% (5/41; one perforation, and four pancreatitis) in DB‐ERP and 55.6% (5/9; three pancreatic leakage, and two abdominal pain) in EUS‐PD. Conclusions A combination of DB‐ERP and EUS‐PD can achieve high technical and clinical success for pancreatic diseases in surgically altered anatomy patients. A prospective multicenter study to investigate an appropriate treatment algorithm is warranted.
Blue Carbon Characteristics in Stormwater Bioretention Systems

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Recent studies have found that wetland ecosystems such as mangrove forests, tidal salt marshes, and seagrass beds serve as substantial carbon sinks. Carbon stored in the terrestrial environment rather than in the atmosphere has significant climate implications. Stormwater bioretention systems are intended to hydrologically manage urban runoff as well as reduce pollutant loading to receiving waters. In addition, bioretention systems may represent a significant sink of carbon. This secondary ecosystem service could be used as carbon credits to offset the global increase in carbon emissions.\tSoil samples were taken at varying depths and locations at 8 salt marsh and 21 stormwater bioretention sites. The samples were then subjected to the loss on ignition (LOI) ASTM test D2974-87. \tIt was found that the top 0-10cm of bioretention soil has statistically similar carbon content to salt marsh soils at the same depth. It was also found that geographic site location may influence carbon content as well as carbon accumulation. Despite the magnitude difference in carbon content between bioretention sites, these constructed systems followed similar patterns with carbon content compared with depth. The upper soil layers of these systems have greater carbon content than the deeper layers. \tThese findings indicate that carbon storage and accumulation differ across bioretention sites, but the top layers of these systems store carbon at a level comparable to natural salt marshes. This secondary benefit of these systems may make them more attractive in a more climate-conscious environment.
FACTORS AFFECTING GROWTH OR SURVIVAL OF AEROMONAS HYDROPHILA IN FOODS

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Recent surveys of retail fresh foods (fish and seafood, poultry, red meat, raw milk and vegetables) have indicated the presence of organisms of the Aeromonas hydrophila group in virtually every sample examined. As part of these surveys, A. hydrophila was observed to increase in number during storage of the food at 5°C. Thus, other measures to control the growth of these organisms in retail fresh foods must be sought and evaluated; in addition, measures to destroy any A. hydrophila introduced into the foods must be investigated. This review discusses the various measures besides temperature (pH, NaCl) to control the growth of A. hydrophila in foods as well as their destruction by heat, irradiation, and sanitizers.
An Experrimental Study on Simulation of Irregular Waves Using Ship-Generated Waves

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

At fishery harbors facing to open-sea, accidents which is concerned the ship mooring or entering into a harbor sometimes happen under severe wave conditions. However, there are few reseaches of these motions due to a necessity of long term observations and their risky works. In order to avoid the cost and the risk, we try to simulate the irregular wave trains that fishermen call "3 big and 4 small waves" or "3 big and 8 small waves" by the small ship repeated turning. It is found that the irregular wave trains can be made easily by changing the ship's speed and rudder angle.
Faculty and staff development in dental education.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

While five dental schools in the United States closed, and the total number of faculty shrunk from 3789 to 3335 in the last decade, the overall quality of faculty went up. This is because of a healthy turnover of staff; about half of the new faculty are recruited from advanced education programs, and present faculty members retire at a higher rate. Dental schools are in the midst of a revolution of health care delivery resulting from changes in disease patterns, in particular decreased caries prevalence in children, less edentulousness in adults, and increasing numbers of aging, medically compromised patients. These changes have an effect on faculty buildup and development, and there is a growing need for teachers who are more knowledgeable in medicine and better skilled in adult general dentistry. Clinical faculty will be trained in treating medically compromised patients and will be better acquainted with subjects such as oral medicine, medical emergencies, pain and anxiety control, pharmacology, anesthesia, and geriatric dentistry. Staff and faculty should also be qualified in management skills and cost effectiveness.
On the inscription of a triangle of given shape in a given triangle

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

§ 1. To inscribe in a triangle ABC a triangle similar to the triangle DEF, and having its sides parallel to those of DEF. In order to inscribe in the triangle ABO (fig. 21), a triangle having its sides parallel to those of DEF, through D, E, F, draw lines parallel to the sides of ABC, and then reduce the figure A′B′C′ in the ratio BC : B′C′.
Towards a Global Genealogy of Biopolitics: Race, Colonialism, and Biometrics beyond Europe

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper examines, at the global scale, the biopolitical strategy of racism that Foucault articulated in the context of 19th-century Europe. Through my historical analysis both of the emergent notion of race and of biometric production of racial knowledge during Japanese colonialism, I endeavour to delineate a circulation of a political rationality of modern racism, which became globally generalised and constitutive of the formation of a non-Western nation-state. I argue that this emergence of global biopolitics, however, should not simply be reduced to a unitary operation but needs to be understood as the process of multiplication that reveals both the continuity and the contingency of the biopolitical strategy of racism in relation to particular spatiotemporal configurations. Furthermore, through an archaeological reading of Foucault on modern racism, I will suggest that Foucault's Society Must be Defended, albeit arguably underdeveloped in its geographical scope of analysis, can shed light on the operation of biopolitics and modern racism beyond the history of Europe.
Conservative Treatment Versus Percutaneous Fixation by Herbert Screw of Acute Non-Displaced Waist Scaphoid Fracture: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Social costs are reduced by using percutaneous fixation rather than cast immobilization for acute nondisplaced fractures of the scaphoid's mid-waist.Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical and radiographic outcomes of Herbert screw versus non-operative treatment for acute, non-displaced waist scaphoid fractures.Patients and methods: A randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted on 18 adult patients with acute non-displaced waist scaphoid fractures attended at the Emergency Unit, Orthopedic Surgery Department, Zagazig University.Nine patients were treated conservatively with a scaphoid cast (Group 1), and the remaining nine were treated surgically with a Herbert screw (Group 2).Results: The mean union duration was 9.8 (SD 4.8) weeks and 7.9 (SD 3.3) weeks among group 1 and 2 respectively.The median was 10 and ranging from 8 to 16 weeks among group 1 and was 8 and ranging from 8 to 12 weeks among group 2.About 11.1% had non-union wrist in groups 1 and 2. Union duration did not differ significantly between both groups.The pain score was 18.9 (SD 7.9) among the participants, and the satisfaction score was 18.6 (SD 8.4) among the participants.The mean range of motion was 20.3 (SD 6.3) among the participants, and the mean grip strength was 17.2 (SD 5.5) among the participants.The mean total score was 75.6 (SD 23.5) among the participants and there were 16.7% had poor results, 11.1% had fair results, 38.9% had good results and 33.3% had excellent results.Conclusion: Cast immobilization is the standard of care for treating acute non-displaced scaphoid waist fractures however percutaneous fixation with a Herbert screw has some advantages.
EFFECT OF REGIONAL OWN REVENUE, GENERAL ALLOCATION OF FUND AND SPECIAL ALLOCATION OF FUND FOR CAPITAL EXPENDITURE BUDGET ALLOCATION

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The purpose of first regional autonomy for increase service public and economy every regional. The purpose of research for is to determine whether there is the of the Region Own Revenue, General Allocation Fund and Special Allocation of Fund for Capital Expenditure Budget Allocation. The Population of research this is all government District and City in Central Java of twenty nine District and Six City. The research used secondary data of Actual Income and Expenditure budget realization report of Government province Central Java the years of 2010-2013. The way to analyze the data by using multiple linier regression analysis. Based on the result of this research concluded that partially Regional Own Revenue and General Allocation Fund has of the effect on Budget Capital Expenditure. While the Special Allocation Fund does not effect on Budget Capital Expenditure. Simultaneously, The Regional Own Revenue, General Allocation Fund and Special Allocation Fund effect on Budget Capital Expenditure. Keywords : Regional Own Revenue, General Allocation Fund, Special Allocation Fund, Capital Expenditure, and Regional Autonomy.
Influence of process parameters including the confining magnetic field of a plasma beam source on the deposition of N‐doped hydrogenated carbon films

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Electrically conductive nitrogen‐doped hydrogenated carbon films (a‐C:H:N) were deposited using a nitrogenacetylene gas mixture by plasma‐assisted chemical vapor deposition (PACVD). A capacitively coupled plasma beam source was used for the depositions. The plasma is excited by a radio‐frequency (RF) discharge and confined by Helmholtz magnetic coils, resulting in an increase in plasma density. The ion energy, as well as the deposition rate, can be controlled by the choice of the size of the coupling electrode, i.e. the ratio of cathode-to‐anode area, the electric current at the Helmholtz magnet coils, the total gas pressure and the RF power. The interdependence of these process parameters on the ion energy and the deposition rate has been studied in detail in this work. Hardness and electrical resistivity were measured on the deposited a‐C:H:N films.
Gastric Bezoars after Partial Gastrectomy Report of Five Cases

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

During the past three years, we have seen gastric bezoars after partial gastrectomy in 5 patients. All had had a Billroth I gastroduodenostomy and truncal vagotomy. Gastric bezoars appear to be a new complication of gastric surgery, as previous reports that contained follow-up data on many patients have not mentioned this possibility (5, 9). Only recently have case reports appeared of gastric bezoars in patients with such operations. Of particular interest in the etiology of gastric pouch bezoars is a case reported by Olivier et al. (7), in which peptic ulcer difficulties continued after a Billroth II gastrojejunostomy. The anastomosis was therefore converted to a Billroth I gastroduodenostomy which, however, did not control the symptoms, and a marginal ulceration developed. A vagotomy was the third operative procedure. Five months later, gastric fullness, vomiting, and epigastric pain led to the discovery of a large gastric bezoar that required surgical removal. Borg et al. (1) reported 3 cases of massive yeast bezoars after Billroth I gastroduodenostomies. One of the patients had also undergone a bilateral vagotomy. Bezoars in the gastric pouch after Billroth II gastric resections, which passed into the small bowel and caused obstruction, have also been reported (6). Chun and Dinan (2) reported 4 cases with this complication, McCabe and Knox (4) reported 2, and Wilde (10) reported 3. The obstructing bezoar usually consisted of undigested cellulose contents such as citrus fruit, apple, or potato skins. Also worthy of note is the fact that in none of the cases of gastric bezoar reviewed n 1939 by DeBakey and Ochsner (3) had gastric resection been performed. This fairly new complication may easily be misinterpreted on study of the gastrointestinal tract. The filling defects in the pouch may be recognized but dismissed as being recently ingested food. The radiologic diagnosis can be established easily, but awareness of this possibility is important. The condition must be distinguished from neoplastic lesions, jejunogastric intussusception, and mechanical obstruction at the stoma. Case Reports Case I: A 52-year-old man had a Billroth I gastroduodenostomy and vagotomy on Sept. 22, 1954, because of peptic ulcer. The immediate postoperative course was uneventful. but two weeks later the patient complained of fullness and a heavy feeling in the abdomen. On radiologic examination, the stoma was not obstructed. Remnants of food were seen in the residual gastric pouch. Vomiting, epigastric pain, anorexia, and failure to gain weight led to rehospitalization five weeks after the operation. A large gastric bezoar was present (Fig. 1). No retention of fluid was noted within the stomach. Gastric lavage successfully broke up the bezoar. The patient was instructed carefully in regard to mastication and diet.
Development and application of new molecular markers for analysis of genetic diversity in Verticillium dahliae populations

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The aim of this study was to develop new polymorphic markers for analysis of genetic diversity in the fungal soilborne plant pathogen Verticillium dahliae . Twelve polymorphic markers (five microsatellites and seven polymorphic sequences) were developed from a genomic library enriched for microsatellites. Screening of polymorphic loci was done using a collection of 25 V. dahliae isolates of diverse geographic origins, host sources and vegetative compatibility groups (VCGs). Three methods were used to score alleles: polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), sequencing of PCR‐amplified loci, and capillary electrophoresis. The new markers were used to assess genetic differentiation between isolates associated with different host plants. Two collections of isolates were analysed, obtained from artichoke (30 isolates) and potato (20 isolates) from crops grown in rotation located in the same area in eastern‐central Spain. The resolution of genetic differentiation between these two collections using the new markers was compared to that provided by other often‐used markers (SCARs and VCGs). Sequence analysis of the alleles proved to be the most unambiguous technique for scoring microsatellite data. The relatively high genetic differentiation observed between isolates from different crops (genetic differentiation coefficient, G ST = 0·24) and their high genotypic diversity suggest a divergence between V. dahliae from artichoke and potato. It is hypothesized that evolution of V. dahliae from the local resident population in association with the two host crops has occurred. The new markers are useful for resolving population structure within V. dahliae and may contribute to a better understanding of the population biology of this fungus.
Evaluation of mature miR398 family, expression analysis and the post-transcriptional regulation evidence in gamma-irradiated and nitrogen-stressedMedicago sativaseedlings

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The mature miR398-5p and miR398-3p levels estimated in gamma-irradiated (20 and 200Gy) and nitrogen-stressed Medicago sativa seedlings show differential levels in roots and shoots. Native PAGE of Cu/Zn-SOD suggests its negative correlation with miR398 in shoots of irradiated and nitrogen-stressed samples. The nucleotide preferences for the nucleotide for a given position and functional characterization of targets are reported herein.