jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
An examination of competing versions of the person-environment fit approach to stress

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This study examined two versions of the person-environment (P-E) fit approach to stress, one representing the fit between environmental supplies and employee values (S-V fit), and another the fit between environmental demands and employee abilities (D-A fit). Hypotheses based on three competing models derived from the P-E fit literature were tested with a procedure that overcomes problems with the measurement and analysis of fit. Results indicated that the relationships of S-V and D-A fit with strain combined aspects of the models with other relationships suggested by P-E fit theory and the organizational stress literature. Also, S-V fit was linked primarily to dissatisfaction and D-A fit to tension, but both versions were related to both forms of strain.
Piero Sraffa’s Contribution to Political Economy

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

In 1960, when Piero Sraffa's main work Production of Commodities by Means of Commodities appeared, one reviewer commented that the book might perhaps have had something new to say at the end of the twenties when Sraffa drew up the outline of his approach, but by the time of its publication it had been superseded by contemporary economic analysis.1 Since then the debate over Capital Theory has proved this opinion profoundly inaccurate. Sraffa's analysis has been used to criticise some of the central elements of dominant economic thought. In addition a more constructive function has also been attributed to the analysis — that of the scientific rehabilitation of the classical (Ricardian) and Marxian framework.KeywordsPolitical EconomyWage RateRelative PrexClassical EconomistProfit RateThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Sporadic high abundances of naked amoebae in Black Sea plankton

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

AME Aquatic Microbial Ecology Contact the journal Facebook Twitter RSS Mailing List Subscribe to our mailing list via Mailchimp HomeLatest VolumeAbout the JournalEditorsSpecials AME 11:161-169 (1996) - doi:10.3354/ame011161 Sporadic high abundances of naked amoebae in Black Sea plankton Murzov SA, Caron DA The abundance of non-testate ('naked'), free-living amoebae was examined in surface waters of the Black Sea during 5 cruises in 1992 and 1993. Amoebae (<=20 μm in size) were observed in samples collected during 2 of the 5 cruises at abundances up to approximately 380 ml-1. The abundance and biomass of amoebae were low relative to other nanoplanktonic protozoa when averaged over all stations, but amoebae occasionally constituted a major component of the heterotrophic nanoplanktonic assemblage (up to 16% of abundance and 93% of biomass of the protozoa 2 to 20 μm in size). Abundances of amoebae correlated weakly with the total number of heterotrophic nanoplankton, and with ash free dry weight, but not with several other physical, chemical and biological parameters. Based on the highest abundances of naked amoebae observed in this study we suggest that these protozoa can occasionally be important in energy and elemental cycling in Black Sea plankton. Amoebae · Protozoa · Plankton Full text in pdf format PreviousNextExport citation RSS - Facebook - Tweet - linkedIn Cited by Published in AME Vol. 11, No. 2. Publication date: August 29, 1996 Print ISSN: 0948-3055; Online ISSN: 1616-1564 Copyright © 1996 Inter-Research.
Fine scale Spatial-temporal cluster analysis for the infection risk of Schistosomiasis japonica using space-time scan statistics

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Marching towards the elimination of schistosomiasis in China, both the incidence and prevalence have witnessed profound decline over the past decades, with the strategy shifting from morbidity control to transmission control. The current challenge is to find out hotspots of transmission risk for precise targeted control in low-prevalence areas. This study assessed the risk at the village level, using the spatial and temporal characteristics of Schistosomiasis japonica in Anhui province from 2006 to 2012. The comprehensive database was generated from annual surveillance data at village level in Anhui province between 2006 and 2012, comprising schistosomiasis prevalence among humans and cattle, occurrence rate of infected environments and incidence rate of acute schistosomiasis. The database parameters were matched with geographic data of the study area and fine scale spatial-temporal cluster analysis based on retrospective space-time scan statistics was used to assess the clustering pattern of schistosomiasis. The analysis was conducted by using SaTScan 9.1.1 and ArcGIS 10.0. A spatial statistical modelling was carried out to determine the spatial dependency of prevalence of human infection by using Geoda 1.4.3. A pronounced decline was found in the prevalence of human infection, cattle infection, occurrence rate of environment with infected vector snails and incidence rate of acute schistosomiasis from 2006 to 2012 by 48.6%, 71.5%, 91.9% and 96.4%, respectively. Meanwhile, all 4 indicators showed a statistically significant clustering pattern both in time and space, with a total of 16, 6, 8 and 4 corresponding clustering foci found respectively. However, the number of clustering foci declined with time, and none was found after year 2010. All clustering foci were mainly distributed along the Yangtze River and its connecting branches. The result shows that there is a direct spatial relationship between prevalence of human infection and the other indicators. A decreasing trend in space-time clustering of schistosomiasis endemic status was observed between 2006 and 2012 in Anhui province. Nevertheless, giving the complexity in schistosomiasis control, areas within the upper-stream of Yangtze River in Anhui section and its connecting branches should be targeted for effective implementation of control strategies in the future.
The sociological approach to analysis of state of system of mandatory medical insurance and perspectives of its development

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The article considers scientifically substantiated sociological approach to development of socially oriented policy related to medical insurance and health care. Specifically, actual condition and problems of medical insurance is captured. The new system of medical social co-financing based on application of social economical methods of motivation is proposed with purpose of ensuring observance of healthy life-style by population and minimization of preventable losses. The shortcomings of actual system of mandatory medical insurance are enumerated and means to rectify them are proposed. At that, main attention is paid to searching for social mechanisms which combined with administrative measures can significantly increase quality of medical services and simplify character of relationships occurred apropos of this. The main components of the system of medical social co-financing and ensured positive possibilities achieved are emphasized.
Observations on Effect of Repeated Administration of Nembutal in Guinea Pigs

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The nembutal, sodium-ethyl (1-methyl-butyl) barbiturate, was dissolved in water and injected intraperitoneally into guinea pigs to see whether they had a tolerance for the drug. The animals were divided into 2 groups: (1) those receiving the drug twice weekly and (2) those receiving it daily. The doses varied from 7.5 to 20 mg. per kilo body weight, but the dose for each pig remained constant. The minimum fatal dose (M.F.D.) was found to be 60 mg. per kilo. This amount killed 90% of the pigs. To study the effects of the drug, the periods of time required for the development of 3 phases in the hypnotic state were selected: (1) the time from the injection until the animal could not move forward after painful stimulation (pinching); (2) the time from the injection until the animal could move forward after painful stimulation, and (3) the time from the injection until the animal could walk with a steady gait. The onset of sleep followed the first of these phases. The weight of the animal greatly influenced the length of the hypnotic state, the heavier pig having the longer period of hypnosis, when the same size dose was given. There was, however, often considerable difference in the susceptibility of the individual animals which had approximately the same weight. Injections of 25% of the M.F.D. of the drug induced sleep in about 65% of the animals. If this amount is given semi-weekly, the hypnotic effect, as judged by the failure of the onset of sleep, is greatly reduced within 4 weeks. The length of period of hypnosis is also markedly shortened. Daily doses of 25% of the M.F.D. produce the same effects in a much shorter time. Pigs which had received 16.6 to 20.8% of the M.F.D. semi-weekly for 6 weeks showed a definite tolerance to 29.1 to 33.3% of the M.F.D. Pigs which had had several semi-weekly injections of 25% M.F.D., or several daily injections of as much as 25% to 33% of the M.F.D., and which had shown definite tolerance in both groups as measured by the duration of sleep and hypnosis, were not protected against a dose of 60 mg. (M.F.D.) per kilo.
Design standard for inclusion: tactile ground surface indicators in China

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Purpose This paper seeks to: identify the importance of a design standard for tactile ground surface indicators (TGSIs); discuss the problem of the existing standard of TGSIs in China; and advocate an all‐round approach that the consideration of a design standard of TGSIs should be on policy, implementation and management perspectives. Design/methodology/approach TGSIs in China were taken as a case study, while those in other countries/cities were used as supplementary reference cases. Intensive field observations on the quality of TGSIs in various public places were carried out in the Chinese mainland between 2005 and 2009. The public places included transportation terminals, shopping centres and universities. The research activities included intensive field observations and direct interviews. Different types of TGSIs were reviewed by using product analysis methods. Findings For inclusion, a standard for TGSIs is important. It is an effective tool in design quality assurance. There are three perspectives to ensuring the quality of a design standard: policy, implementation, and management. Research limitations/implications Further case studies are expected to be conducted in other cities in order to generate a more comprehensive understanding related to the topic. Continuous studies are also necessary since the living environment is changing all the time. The general public's participation to establish a good design standard for TGSIs is important. Practical implications The findings provide reference and direction for an all‐round approach consideration in a design standard for TGSIs; and for social inclusion. Social implications The findings illustrate how inclusion can be achieved by setting up a design standard of TGSIs in China (as a case study) by considering an all‐round perspective. Originality/value The work and study are new in China. The findings provide insights for China and other countries, and individual cities, to review the needs of visually impaired persons.
Dialogic vs. Formalist Teaching in Developing Argumentative Writing Discourse and Reducing Speaking Apprehension among EFL Majors

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The current study, sought to investigate the influence of both formalist and dialogic teaching on EFL majors' argumentative writing and speaking apprehension. By using a positivistic experiment research design, and on analysing students' argumentative writing essays, it has been proved that both teaching approaches developed students' argumentative writing. However, statistical analysis showed that the dialogic teaching group students surpassed those of the formalist teaching. In addition, results revealed that speaking apprehension levels of the dialogic teaching students have significantly been reduced rather than those of the formalist teaching. The study ended with some conclusion and recommendations for further research.
Reference Dependent Preferences and the EPK Puzzle

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Supported by several recent investigations, the empirical pricing kernel (EPK) puzzle might be considered a stylized fact. Based on an economic model with state dependent preferences for the financial investors, we want to emphasize a microeconomic view that succeeds in explaining the puzzle. We retain the expected utility framework in a one period model and illustrate the case when the state is defined with respect to a reference point. We further investigate how the model relates the shape of the EPK to the economic conditions.
Scoping Review of the Natural History of Ataxia-Telangiectasia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A scoping review of the natural history of ataxia-telangiectasia Contributors: - Dr Emily Petley - Paediatric Registrar and Clinical Research Fellow - Dr William Whitehouse - Consultant Paediatric Neurologist and Clinical Associate Professor - Dr Shalini Ojha - Consultant Neonatologist and Clinical Associate Professor - Dr Alex Yule - Paediatric Registrar
HISTOPATHOLOGICAL COMPARISON OF THE EFFECTS OF HISTIDINE AND KETOTIFEN IN A RAT MODEL OF COLITIS

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The effects of histidine and ketotifen in separate and combined treatments were histopathologically investigated in a rat model of acute colitis. Acute colitis was induced by the intracolonic instillation of 1 ml of 4% acetic acid. Histopathological changes of the colon were scored based on the severity of inflammatory and degenerative changes. Compared to the intact group, there was congestion, oedema, haemorrhages, leukocyte infiltration, and degeneration in the acetic-acid-induced colitis group. In the separate treatments with intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of histidine at doses of 40 and 200 mg/kg and with oral administration (p.o.) of ketotifen (0.4 and 2 mg/kg) applied 1 and 24 h after induction of colitis, the inflammatory and degenerative changes were significantly (P<0.05) reduced. In combined treatment, co-administration of histidine (200 mg/kg, i.p.) with ketotifen (2 mg/kg, p.o.) produced a more documented response in comparison with the histidine (200 mg/kg, i.p.) and ketotifen (2 mg/kg, p.o.) used alone. The results suggested that intracolonic instillation of acetic acid produced acute colitis. Both histidine and ketotifen exerted antiinflammatory effects on acetic-acid-induced colitis. In addition, ketotifen potentiated the anti-inflammatory effect of histidine.
Predictors of variation in serum IGF1 and IGFBP3 levels in healthy African American and white men.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background—Individual variation in circulating insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF1) and its major binding protein, insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP3) have been etiologically linked to several chronic diseases, including some cancers. Factors associated with variation in circulating levels of these peptide hormones remain unclear. Methods—Multiple linear regression models were used to determine the extent to which sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle factors, personal and family history of chronic disease, and common genetic variants, the (CA)n repeat polymorphism in the IGF1 promoter and the IGFBP3 -202 A/C polymorphism (rs2854744) predict variation in IGF1 or IGFBP3 serum levels in 33 otherwise healthy African American and 37 white males recruited from Durham Veterans Administration Medical Center. Results—Predictors of serum IGF1, IGFBP3 and the IGF1:IGFBP3 molar ratio varied by race. In African Americans, 17% and 28% of the variation in serum IGF1 and the IGF1:IGFBP3 molar ratio, respectively, was explained by cigarette smoking and carrying the IGF1 (CA)19 repeat allele, respectively. Not carrying at least one IGF1 (CA)19 repeat allele and a high BMI explained 8% and 14%, respectively, of the variation IGFBP3 levels. These factors did not predict variation of these peptides in whites. Conclusion—If successfully replicated in larger studies, these findings add to recent evidence suggesting known genetic and lifestyle chronic disease risk factors influence IGF1 and IGFBP3 circulating levels differently in African Americans and whites.
Urban backcloth and regional mobility patterns as indicators of juvenile crime

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The urban infrastructure plays a critical role in shaping the landscape of crime. Explaining the linkage between urban planning and crime patterns, Brantingham and Brantingham (1998b) argue that the spatial array and context of facilities (i.e., placement, juxtaposition, operation, and accessibility through high-volume traffic conduits) can account for the criminogenic capacity of certain places. Aggregating the usage of such places provides some indication of the dynamic interplay between the spatial and social context of the urban landscape that gives rise to crime patterns. Complicating the equation is the need to model the urban backcloth – the political, legal, and economic forces behind community planning and development – that generates the urban form, which ultimately shapes individual behaviors. It follows that crime problems can be better understood, and more effectively acted upon, by attending to the urban structure generated by routine behavior endemic to a specific region.
Synthesis of Cardiovascular Behavioral Research for Youth Health Promotion

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) has funded school and family-based research studies for more than a decade. The scientific background for focusing on the major cardiovascular health behaviors with youth is reviewed, as well as the importance of the components in the school health program as a framework for the multiple considerations in school health research. A synthesis of 10 NHLBI funded studies is presented including the sociodemographic characteristics of study populations, study designs, interventions, measures, and results. The studies address single or multiple behaviors, elementary and high school age groups, and multiple ethnic/racial groups, and test various combinations of curriculum, parental involvement, and environmental changes (including school food service).
Peptidergic Innervation of the Mammalian Anterior Pituitary

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The anterior pituitary is regulated by humoral and probably also by neural factors. Immunocytochemical studies have demonstrated substance P-, calcitonin gene-related peptide-, and galanin-like immunoreactive nerve fibers in the pars distalis of several mammalian species, and synapses have been identified on gland cells.
Formation of low-mass condensations in the molecular cloud cores via thermal instability

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The low-mass condensations (LMCs) have been observed within the molecular cloud cores. In this research, we investigate the effect of isobaric thermal instability (TI) applied for forming these LMCs. For this purpose, at first we investigate the occurrence of TI in the molecular clouds. Then, for studying the significance of linear isobaric TI, we use a contracting axisymmetric cylindrical core with axial magnetic field. Consideration to cooling and heating mechanisms in the molecular clouds shows that including the heating due to ambipolar diffusion can lead to the occurrence of TI in a time-scale smaller than dynamical time-scale. Application of linear perturbation analysis shows that isobaric TI can take place in outer region of the molecular cloud cores. Furthermore, the results showthat perturbations with wavelengths greater than few astronomical units are protected from destabilization property of thermal conduction, so they can grow to form LMCs. Thus, the results show that the mechanism of TI can be used to explain the formation of LMCs as the progenitors of collapsing proto-stellar entities, brown dwarfs, or proto-planets.
Energetics of hydrogen in GeO2, Ge, and their interfaces

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The energetics of interstitial hydrogen in GeO2, Ge, and their interfaces are calculated using a hybrid density functional. We find that interstitial atomic hydrogen unexpectedly behaves as a donor in GeO2, like H in ZnO but unlike H in SiO2. At Ge:GeO2 interfaces, the donor electron can transfer to the lower lying Ge conduction band, which stabilises the O-H bond/donor complex. This reduces the probability of passivating Ge dangling bond (Pb) centers at Ge:GeO2 interfaces.
Liver transplantation for pediatric inherited metabolic disorders: Considerations for indications, complications, and perioperative management

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract LT is an effective therapeutic option for a variety of IEM. This approach can significantly improve the quality of life of patients who suffer from severe disease manifestations and/or life‐threatening metabolic decompensations despite medical/dietary management. Due to the significant risks for systemic complications from surgical stressors, careful perioperative management is vital. Even after LT, some disorders require long‐term dietary restriction, medical management, and monitoring of metabolites. Successful liver transplant for these complex disorders can be achieved with disease‐ and patient‐specific strategies using a multidisciplinary approach. In this article, we review indications, complications, perioperative management, and long‐term follow‐up recommendations for IEM that are treatable with LT.
Colossal Terahertz Field Enhancement in Slant Nano-Antennas

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Metallic nanostructures have important roles in electromagnetic field manipulations due to the localization of electromagnetic waves, for which fabrication techniques in nanotechnology have been developed. To achieve higher field enhancement, it is required to decrease the dimensions of the nanostructures such as thickness or width of the gap. Here, we fabricated the slant nano-antennas where a portion of metals on each side is overlapped. The slant nano-antennas realize higher electromagnetic field enhancement while keeping background noise almost zero.