jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Left Atrium Enlargement Is An Independent Predictor of Overall Mortality In Patients with Cardiac AL Amyloidosis.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Abstract 4621 Background: Primary systemic amyloidosis (AL) is a severe plasma cell disorder characterized by amyloid fibrils extracellular deposition in different organs. Myocardial involvement is frequent and has major impact on prognosis. Echocardiography (TTE) is the most common test performed when cardiac involvement is suspected. We hypothesized that a simple measurement of left atrium enlargement (LA) by TTE may provide an important risk marker for this disease. Methods and results: Between 1997 and 2010, 114 patients were diagnosed with systemic AL. Sixty one patients of the cohort (54%) had cardiac involvement on the basis of standard criteria defined as: mean LV wall thickness >12mm with no other cardiac causes. They had first TTE within 16 days of diagnosis. Patients were mainly treated with conventional chemotherapy (M-Dex) or with new agents for refractory or relapsing patients We retrospectively collected demographic baseline characteristics along with biological and echo data of these patients. Mean age was 61±11 years; 60% were male; 19% had hypertension. Mean left ventricular ejection fraction and mean LV wall thickness were respectively 58±13% and 15±3 mm. Mean follow up time was 2.1±2 years. None had significant valvular heart disease. LA enlargement was defined by M mode as > 40 mm in male and > 36 mm in female. Patients with enlarged LA had significantly more hypertension and lower ejection fraction and more hypertrophied LV walls (All P< 0.05). At 3 years, survival rate was markedly reduced in patients with enlarged LA vs. those with normal LA: 34±9% vs.75 ±9% (P =0.02). By multivariate analysis, after adjusting for age, gender, and presence of hypertension, LA enlargement remained an independent predictor of overall mortality at 3 years (HR=2.88; CI (1.12-8.84); P=0.03). Conclusion: In patients with systemic AL amyloidosis and cardiac involvement, LA enlargement, a surrogate marker of diastolic dysfunction and elevated LV filling pressure, is a powerful independent predictor of long-term mortality. Therefore LA enlargement may help to enhance risk stratification in patients presenting with this disease. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Musikalitetens roll i teaterpedagogiken

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Artistic research is a comparatively new academic field, displaying multiple epistemological and methodological approaches. Through a concrete exemplification, this article studies how knowledge formation and learning may take place in artistic fields by way of intermedially borrowed concepts. The prominent use of the concept of ’musicality’ as a prestige word in the field of spoken theatre is investigated, analysed and discussed through a hermeneutic approach, based on extensive qualitative interviews with artists and educators in this field. In conclusion, the cognitive and normative functions of this usage are pointed out as urgent themes for future educational research.
The Relationship Between the Growth of the Camptotheca acuminate Artificial Compound Community and Meteorological Factors

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This research takes Camptotheca acuminate which is grade two of national key protective plant and Taxus chinensis var.mairei which is grade one of national protective plant two plants as objective species and manually collocates the upright structure of aboveground and underground of C.acuminate,T.chinensis var.mairei and Catharanthus roseus,establishes compound.To study the dynamic characters of the growth of the C.acuminate artificial compound community and solid area,the dynamic characters of the meteorological factors and the relationships of them.This study results indicate that in one growth reason the dynamic tendency of the growth of the compound community and solid area is similar,but the difference of the plant height,the basal diameter and the growth rate of the compound community and solid area is obvious.The soil humidity is favorable to the the plant height of C.acuminate and the month cumulation of net radiation is favorable to the basal diameter of C.acuminate of the compound community and solid area;The relationship between plant height of T.chinensis var.mairei of the compound community and month cumulation of rainfall is positive,yet it is positive relation with the net radiation in solid area;The month temperature of soil is favorable to the plant height and the basal diameter of C.roseus of the compound community and solid area.In base of the relationships between the growth characters and the meteorological factors characters,and so we can actualize directional artificial cultivation in the progress of cultivation and provide academic guidances of the excellent cultivation of the compound community of three officinal plant.
Foreign Object Detection Algorithm for Transmission Lines Based on YOLO-World

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Foreign object detection based on unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) aerial images is an important part of intelligent inspection of transmission lines. The YOLO series of object detection algorithms have become mainstream methods due to their high accuracy and fast detection capabilities. However, they require predefined target categories, which limits their applicability in open scenarios. YOLO-World enhances its adaptability to open scenarios through visual-language modeling and large-scale dataset pre-training. However, the environment for foreign object detection in transmission lines is complex, and the types of targets are numerous, which are not fully covered in general datasets. To fully leverage the advantages of YOLOWorld, it must be fine-tuned to better learn and adapt to the specific foreign object dataset of transmission lines. Experimental results show that the fine-tuned YOLO-World significantly improves detection accuracy and reliability in actual inspections, effectively identifying various unknown foreign objects, thereby ensuring the safe operation of transmission lines.
A South Carolina Upcountry Saga: The Civil War Letters of Barham Bobo Foster and His Family, 1860-1863

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

A South Carolina Upcountry Saga is a compilation of letters between members of the Foster family during the dramatic early years of the Civil War. The editor, a descendant of Barham Bobo Foster painstakingly located and transcribed the family letters. The letters begin with a terse note from B. B. Foster to a son, dated 20 December 1860, announcing “that South Carolina is out of the Union without a dissenting voice (p. 11) and end in 1863 except for a much later 1894 letter from Eunice Foster Kennedy to her father, B. B. Foster (p.328 ff).
Powder study of (R)-1-phenylethylammonium (R)-2-phenylbutyrate form 2

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The crystal structure of a new polymorph of the title compound, C8H12N+·C10H11O2−, was solved by simulated annealing from laboratory X-ray powder diffraction data, collected at 295 K. Subsequent Rietveld refinement using data collected to 1.54 Å resolution yielded an Rwp of 0.029. The compound crystallized with one (R)-1-phenyl­ethyl­ammonium cation and one (R)-2-phenyl­butyrate anion in the asymmetric unit.
An immersed boundary finite difference method for LES of flow around bluff shapes

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract A three‐dimensional numerical model using large eddy simulation (LES) technique and incorporating the immersed boundary (IMB) concept has been developed to compute flow around bluff shapes. A fractional step finite differences method with rectilinear non‐uniform collocated grid is employed to solve the governing equations. Bluff shapes are treated in the IMB method by introducing artificial force terms into the momentum equations. Second‐order accurate interpolation schemes for all sorts of grid points adjacent to the immersed boundary have been developed to determine the velocities and pressure at these points. To enforce continuity, the methods of imposition of pressure boundary condition and addition of mass source/sink terms are tested. It has been found that imposing suitable pressure boundary condition (zero normal gradient) can effectively reproduce the correct pressure distribution and enforce mass conservation around a bluff shape. The present model has been verified and applied to simulate flow around bluff shapes: (1) a square cylinder and (2) the Tsing Ma suspension bridge deck section model. Complex flow phenomena such as flow separation and vortex shedding are reproduced and the drag coefficient, lift coefficient, and pressure coefficient are calculated and analyzed. Good agreement between the numerical results and the experimental data are obtained. The model is proven to be an efficient tool for flow simulation around bluff bodies in time varying flows. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A note on the discovery of two new nunataks in southernmost Heimefrontfjella

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

gress, Fig. 2) is an approximately 300 m long ridge that hardly rises from the ice surface at an elevation of about 2140 m. It is mainly composed of metasedimentary rocks, including paragneisses, metapelites and hornblende-biotite gneiss. They are interbedded with coarse-grained porphyroblastic felsic gneiss and a two-mica augengneiss, probably representing metaigneous rocks. The southern outcrop measures only 50 m across and is composed of a medium to coarse-grained metagranodiorite. These rocks are typical for the Sivorg Terrane, probably representing a Mesoproterozoic supracrustal sequence that is intruded by various igneous rocks. Most of the metamorphic rocks have a well-developed foliation and lineation and show folding on NE trending fold axes. The foliation planes dip steeply towards the NW or, more commonly, moderately to the SE. Lineation and fold axes
Fast image acquisition in pulse-echo ultrasound imaging using compressed sensing

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this contribution we refined our previously introduced concept for pulse-echo ultrasound imaging based on compressed sensing (CS). Our goal was to reduce the number of sequential wave emissions per image and thus acquisition time, without diminishing image quality. Using measurement data obtained from a wire phantom (A) and a multi-tissue phantom (B), we evaluated our concept in comparison to B-mode, synthetic aperture focussing, delay-and-sum (DAS) beamforming, and filtered backpropagation (FBP). Emitting only a single plane wave, our CS approach yielded the best results for the sparse phantom A in terms of sidelobe reduction and lateral -6 dBwidths. For the non-sparse phantom B, CS yielded a higher contrast than DAS and FBP when a single plane wave was emitted and a curvelet or wavelet transform was used for sparse representation. The contrast was comparable to SA and B-mode.
Soil CO2 production in upland tundra where permafrost is thawing

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Permafrost soils store nearly half of global soil carbon (C), and therefore permafrost thawing could lead to large amounts of greenhouse gas emissions via decomposition of soil organic matter. When ice‐rich permafrost thaws, it creates a localized surface subsidence called thermokarst terrain, which changes the soil microenvironment. We used soil profile CO 2 measurements to understand the response of belowground C emissions for different soil depths from upland tundra as a result of permafrost thaw and thermokarst development. We established sites in central Alaska, where permafrost thaw and thermokarst development had been monitored for the past 2 decades. Cumulative growing season CO 2 production averaged for 3 years (2005–2007) ranged from 177 to 270 g CO 2 ‐C m −2 and was lowest in the least disturbed moist acidic tundra and highest where thawing of permafrost and thermokarst was most pronounced. We were able to explain 55% of variability in growing season soil CO 2 production using surface subsidence, soil temperature, and site differences. This was likely a direct effect of permafrost thaw and thermokarst development and an indirect effect of changes in microsite soil temperature and surface moisture content, which stimulated soil organic matter decomposition and root respiration. We also observed unusually high CO 2 concentrations in the early growing season, which may be attributable to trapped CO 2 within air pockets in the frozen soil. Taken together, these results supported the projection that permafrost thaw and thermokarst development will increase belowground carbon emissions in the upland tundra.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Polygenic risk scores for prediction of breast cancer and breast cancer subtypes.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Stratification of women according to their risk of breast cancer based on polygenic risk scores (PRSs) could improve screening and prevention strategies. Our aim was to develop PRSs, optimized for prediction of estrogen receptor (ER)-specific disease, from the largest available genome-wide association dataset and to empirically validate the PRSs in prospective studies. The development dataset comprised 94,075 case subjects and 75,017 control subjects of European ancestry from 69 studies, divided into training and validation sets. Samples were genotyped using genome-wide arrays, and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were selected by stepwise regression or lasso penalized regression. The best performing PRSs were validated in an independent test set comprising 11,428 case subjects and 18,323 control subjects from 10 prospective studies and 190,040 women from UK Biobank (3,215 incident breast cancers). For the best PRSs (313 SNPs), the odds ratio for overall disease per 1 standard deviation in ten prospective studies was 1.61 (95%CI: 1.57-1.65) with area under receiver-operator curve (AUC) = 0.630 (95%CI: 0.628-0.651). The lifetime risk of overall breast cancer in the top centile of the PRSs was 32.6%. Compared with women in the middle quintile, those in the highest 1% of risk had 4.37- and 2.78-fold risks, and those in the lowest 1% of risk had 0.16- and 0.27-fold risks, of developing ER-positive and ER-negative disease, respectively. Goodness-of-fit tests indicated that this PRS was well calibrated and predicts disease risk accurately in the tails of the distribution. This PRS is a powerful and reliable predictor of breast cancer risk that may improve breast cancer prevention programs.Copyright © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. PMID: 30554720 Funding information This work was supported by: Medical Research Council, United Kingdom Grant ID: MC_PC_12028 Cancer Research UK, United Kingdom Grant ID: 10119 NCI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: U19 CA148065 Cancer Research UK, United Kingdom Grant ID: 10124 Cancer Research UK, United Kingdom Grant ID: 10118 Medical Research Council, United Kingdom Grant ID: MC_PC_17228 CIHR, Canada Grant ID: GPH-129344 NCI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: P50 CA116201 NCI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: P30 CA008748 Medical Research Council, United Kingdom Grant ID: MR/P012930/1 Department of Health, United Kingdom Grant ID: RP-PG-1214-20016 Cancer Research UK, United Kingdom Grant ID: C1287/A16563 Medical Research Council, United Kingdom Grant ID: MC_QA137853 Cancer Research UK, United Kingdom Grant ID: C1287/A10710 NCI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R25 CA092049 Medical Research Council, United Kingdom Grant ID: MC_PC_14105 Department of Health, United Kingdom Grant ID: RP-PG-0707-10031 More Less keyboard_arrow_down
Testing the choice of a mixing distribution in discrete choice models

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

The choice of a specific distribution for random parameters of discrete choice models is a critical issue in transportation analysis. Indeed, various pieces of research have demonstrated that an inappropriate choice of the distribution may lead to serious biases in model forecast and in the estimated means of random parameters. In this paper, we propose a practical test, based on seminonparametric techniques. The test is analyzed both on synthetic and real data, and is shown to be simple and powerful.
AI in spotting high-risk characteristics of medical imaging and molecular pathology

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Medical imaging provides a comprehensive perspective and rich information for disease diagnosis. Combined with artificial intelligence technology, medical imaging can be further mined for detailed pathological information. Many studies have shown that the macroscopic imaging characteristics of tumors are closely related to microscopic gene, protein and molecular changes. In order to explore the function of artificial intelligence algorithms in in-depth analysis of medical imaging information, this paper reviews the articles published in recent years from three perspectives: medical imaging analysis method, clinical applications and the development of medical imaging in the direction of pathological molecular prediction. We believe that AI-aided medical imaging analysis will be extensively contributing to precise and efficient clinical decision.
Shortening the trip to school: Examining how childrenâ€™s active school travel is influenced by shortcuts

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

For children and youth, the journey to and from school represents a significant opportunity to increase daily levels of physical activity by using non-motorized modes of travel, such as walking and biking. Studies of active school travel have demonstrated that the likelihood a child will walk or bike is significantly influenced by the distance they must travel between home and school, which in turn, is influenced by built environment characteristics such as the configuration of the local road network. This study examines how shortcuts can facilitate active school travel by decreasing the distance children must travel to get to and from school. A geographic information system was used to compare shortest route distances along road networks with and without shortcuts in 32 elementary school zones in London, Ontario, Canada and provide evidence on the effectiveness of shortcuts to facilitate active school travel. This study contributes two key findings: (1) shortcuts have a greater impact in areas with low street connectivity and low population density and (2) children living farther from school are more likely to benefit from shortcuts. The findings suggest that planners should consider the location and maintenance of shortcuts in school neighbourhoods in order to promote increased physical activity, health and well-being among students.
Suicide during the COVID-19 pandemic: Uncovering demographic and regional variation in the United States and associations with unemployment and depression

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The COVID-19 pandemic heightened risk factors for suicide globally. Using prominent sociocultural theories of suicide, we investigated whether the COVID-19 pandemic affected suicide rates differently across demographic groups and regions in the United States of America. In Study 1, we found that after 2020 suicide rates increased especially among young Black and Alaskan Native populations. Conditional process analyses were conducted to shed light on racial disparities in the temporal impact of unemployment on suicide from 2018 to 2021. The results showed that suicides among younger Asians and Blacks were affected by the surge in unemployment, whereas Whites, especially the older population, benefitted from the increased unemployment. In Study 2, we explored the regional variation in the temporal associations between suicide, unemployment, and depression across the 50 U.S. states from 2019 to 2021 taking into account pre-pandemic between-state conditions. Multilevel regression analyses showed that urbanism (characterized by low firearm proportion, high income, high cultural looseness, and high population density) but not social integration (characterized by low social capital, high collectivism, and high southerness), partially explained the regional variation in the temporal pattern of suicide rates. We also found that in states with already high depression levels, the temporal increase in depression predicted increases in suicide from 2019 to 2021, whereas it had minimal impact in states with low average depression. We emphasize the need for future theories to consider longitudinal designs and highlight two key takeaways: (1) the pandemic reshaped racial disparities in suicide, and (2) the temporal effects brought by the national crisis on suicide patterns depended on existing between-state differences.
Environmental factors controlling fluxes of dimethyl sulfide in a New Hampshire fen

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The major environmental factors controlling fluxes of dimethyl sulfide (DMS) in a Sphagnum-dominated peatland were investigated in a poor fen in New Hampshire. DMS emissions from the surface of the peatland varied greatly over 24 hours and seasonally. Maximum DMS emissions occurred in summer with minima in the late fall. Temperature was the major environmental factor controlling these variabilities. There was also some evidence that the changes in water table height might have contributed to the seasonable variability in DMS emission. The influence of the water table was greater during periods of elevated temperature. DMS and MSH were the most abundant dissolved volatile sulfur compound (VSC) in the surface of the water table. Concentrations of dissolved VSC's varied with time and space throughout the fen. Dissolved MDS, MSH, and OCS in the surface of the water table were supersaturated with respect to their concentrations in the atmosphere suggesting that the peat surface was a source of VSC's in the peatland. VCS in peatlands seemed to be produced primarily by microbial processes in the anoxic surface layers of the peat rich in organic matter and inorganic sulfide. Sphagnum mosses were not a direct source of VSC's. However, they increased transport of DMS from the peat surface to the atmosphere.
Determination of trace organic chlorides in hydrogen for fuel cell vehicles by gas chromatography coupled with ion mobility spectrometry

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A method for the determination of organic chlorides in hydrogen for fuel cell vehicles by gas chromatography coupled with ion mobility spectrometry was established. Organic chlorides were separated by a non‐polar gas chromatography column and detected in the negative ion mode of the ion mobility spectrometer. The effect of operating parameters of ion mobility spectrometer including drift gas flow rate and drift tube temperature on sensitivity and resolution were evaluated. Under the optimized conditions, the detection limits of seven organic chlorides were from 0.65 to 6.73 nmol/mol, which met the requirement of detection for the specification limit of 50 nmol/mol of total halogen impurities in hydrogen for fuel cell vehicles. Compared with gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry, and gas chromatography coupled with electron capture detector under the same gas chromatography conditions, gas chromatography coupled with ion mobility spectrometry method demonstrated higher sensitivity for detection of organic chlorides under study. Based on the portability of the device and its detection capabilities, gas chromatography coupled with ion mobility spectrometry has the potential to perform online detection of impurities in hydrogen for fuel cell vehicles.