jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Adoption of Breeding and Calf Rearing Practices in Modern Dairy Farms of Gujarat

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A study was carried out to compare the breeding and calf rearing practices of modern specialized dairy farms of north and south Gujarat. The data was collected from ten specialized dairy farms, each from the north and south Gujarat. The study revealed that farms of the southern region mostly reared buffaloes, which relied on natural service, whereas northern farms mostly reared cows, and AI was more popular. Around 22.2 and 16.7% of dairy farms preferred pedigreed and sex-sorted semen from the private sector, respectively. Most of the dairy farms (60%) purchased frozen semen doses from the co-operative sector. About 20% of dairy farms used sex-sorted semen at the price of Rs. 2100-3000 per dose. One farm from the north and another one from south were using Delaval® heat detector system. The majority (75%) of the dairy farms adopted the practice of colostrum feeding by allowing for natural suckling. The majority (70%) of the dairy farms provided first colostrum feeding within 2 to 4 hours of calf birth. Some dairy farms (20%) possessed individual calf boxes. From the research finding, it can be concluded that artificial insemination was more famous in north Gujarat. Many specialized dairy farms of north Gujarat were adopting most advanced breeding practices by the use of sex-sorted and pedigreed semen of private companies to produce an offspring of the desired sex, high milk yielding potential and healthy one.
Effect of Fulvic Acid on the Diffusion of Zinc to a Simulated Root System

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

To study the effect of a mobile chelating agent secreted by roots on the dissolution, chelation and back diffusion of zinc ions to plant roots in a simulated model, a chelating agent (fulvic acid from poultry manure) and distilled water (used as a reference) were passed through two sets each containing 0, 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5 ppm applied Zn. Fulvic acid enhanced the diffusion of zinc to the simulated root system and application of zinc further increased its cumulative diffusion. The kinetics of Zn diffusion to the root system conformed to a 1st order reaction. A constant flux of fulvic acid and water in the presence of applied zinc, significantly enhanced the dry matter production and uptake of zinc by corn (Zea mays L.).
Analysis and Classification of Three Trimesters during Normal Pregnancy Using Bispectrum

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This study presents the analysis and classification of maternal status during healthy pregnancy and postpartum using bispectral features of heart rate variability (HRV). Bispectral analysis is applied to HRV to extract a total of 11 features out of which only 6 significantly different feature values are used to classify the subjects into three trimesters during pregnancy and postpartum. In particular, bispectrum patterns indicate the presence of higher phase coupling during postpartum as compared to the pregnancy group. The decreased phase coupling is observed as pregnancy progresses that refer to the decreased nonlinear interactions during pregnancy. This infers that the pregnancy is characterized by decreased HRV due to a reduced vagal tone instead of increased sympathetic tone. The six selected features are used as input to the k-nearest neighbour (KNN), Gaussian mixture model (GMM) and probabilistic neural network (PNN) classifiers for data classification. The performance of the classifiers are measured based on the accuracy of classification. The classification rate obtained for KNN, GMM and PNN classifiers are 85.94%, 85.94% and 89.74% respectively. We conclude that the bispectral features with PNN classifier is better suitable for the classification of the three trimesters during pregnancy and postpartum.
Design and simulation of reference voltage sources circuit in lasers

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract For the design of reference voltage source circuits in lasers, there is a problem of low accuracy using general design approach, this paper proposes an improved high‐precision voltage source circuit design. Firstly, a suitable reference voltage source chip is selected, then the excitation source circuit with better stability is designed, a high‐order filter is designed for filtering, and finally a compensation circuit is designed to improve the accuracy of the lasers voltage source. The effect of the designed voltage source circuit was verified, and the simulation results showed that the designed voltage source circuit was improved in output voltage accuracy, stability, and noise level, achieving a voltage noise level of 0.978 μV/Hz 1/2 at 0.1 mHz at an input voltage of 2V. The validity of the voltage source circuit used for the lasers is verified, providing a high reference value for improving the lasers accuracy in laser spectroscopy.
A novel mixed-mode universal biquad employing plus current output DVCCs

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper refers to a novel mixed-mode universal biquad employing plus current output differential voltage current conveyors with grounded passive components. The circuit performs mixed-mode operation with the selection of the input and output terminals, and it enables low-pass, band-pass, high-pass, band-stop and all-pass responses choosing suitable input signals. The circuit needs no component matching constraints for obtaining five basic circuit responses above, and can adjust orthogonally the characteristic parameters by the circuit component. Additionally, the circuit has extremely lowsensitivities with respect to the circuit components.A circuit design is performed with PSPICE simulation in order to verify the workability of the circuit.
Infrared Spectra of Single Crystals of Underdoped Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+?

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Infrared spectra of cuprate superconductors show characteristic features in the superconducting (SC) state depending on the level of doping. The reflection spectra of single crystals of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ (Bi2212), show a little change of spectra even below Tc which is rather unusual for a superconductor. Infrared spectra of underdoped Bi2212 crystals (10% and 15% Dy doped crystals) are investigated and the superconducting gap is found below Tc by condensation of free carriers to Cooper pair. Origin of such a dramatic change is discussed based on the energy contour found by angle resolved photoelectron spectra (ARPES) of underdoped Bi2212 and its analysis by an ab-initio quantum chemical calculation of model clusters of cuprates.
Closed Loop Control of Wire Loop Profile on Wire Bonders

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Wire Bonding involves establishing interconnections between a microchip and other electronic pars during semiconductor device packaging process. The wires are welded using thermosonic or thermo compression bonding. One of the major challenges in wire bonding that affects performance and reliability is the formation of wire bond loop. The wire bond loop shape needs to satisfy all the complex interconnections required by the semiconductor device within industry standards as well as the device dimensions and pad spacing constraints. The wire loop is characterized by its shape, length and height which collectively define a 'Loop Profile'. This paper presents a detailed analysis of the factors that determine the shape of a mechanically stable wire towards establishing closed loop control of the loop profile on the wire bonder. Mechanically stable configuration is determined from the analysis of factors affecting loop shapes via a collection of experiments performed on the wire bonder. The relationship between the parameters used to construct different wires and the actual shape of the wire is used to construct a model that simulates the wire bonder. Furthermore, the paper explores ways to achieve closed loop optimization by using on bonder measurements and development of optimization algorithms. 'Advanced Process Control [APC] ideologies are collaborated into advanced optimization algorithms using MatLab® and on-bonder wire loop measurement features to automate and culminate precise loop profile development incorporating external factors. This effort will help curtail expenditure and save time prodigiously.
New advances of adjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

It's widely accepted that adjuvant chemotherapy and endocrine treatment significantly improved DDFS and OS in breast cancer . Nowaday, The chemotherapeutic drugs of anthracycline and taxane are used widely in breast cancer. It was proved that taxane alone can get more benefit than anthracycline alone in breast cancer. The combining chemotherapy of anthracycline and taxane can improve clinical outcomes because of their different anticancer mechanism, but how to use them perfectly is a hot topic. Another interesting avenue of investigation regarding adjuvant therapy relates to the utilization of prognostic and predictive biomarkers to quantify risk for recurrence and to identify populations of patients who benefit more or less from treatment in adjuvant chemotherapy of early-Stage breast cancer .
D6.15: Report on outputs of the short-term missions

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The One Health EJP (OHEJP) Short Term Missions (STMs) were small co-funded travel grants which facilitated the exchange of scientific expertise, methodologies, equipment, and facilities to our consortium members. The aim of these missions was to harmonise the existing approaches and methodologies within the OHEJP.
These STMs drove research forward in a collaborative and non-duplicative fashion to strengthen the scientific capacity within the OHEJP, and to also contribute to the future prevention, preparedness, detection, and response of the EU to foodborne and other emerging threats across human-animal-environmental sectors.
The OHEJP co-funded a total of 19 STMs (each funded 44% by the EU), which involved 22 researchers and a total of 27 institutes within the OHEJP consortium. The Education and Training activities team from Work Package 6 (WP6) was responsible for co-ordinating the calls, selection of applicants for funding and reporting on the short term missions funded each year.
Anti‐Inflammatory Peptides as Promising Therapeutics Agent Against Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: A Systematic Review

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Background Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is linked to dysregulated mucosal immunity, microbiota imbalances, and environmental factors, though its exact cause remains unknown. Current treatments often have limitations, necessitating innovative therapies. This review evaluates anti‐inflammatory peptides (AIPs) as emerging therapeutic agents, focusing on their efficacy in Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn's disease. Methodology A systematic review was conducted in February 2023, adhering to PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Studies published from 2010 to 2023 on AIPs for IBD treatment were retrieved from Medline, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases using keywords such as IBDs, AIPs, Crohn's disease, Ulcerative Colitis, and therapy. Results Seventeen studies met the inclusion criteria, comprising 12 animal studies, four clinical trials, and one case–control study. H‐SN1 (snake venom peptide) and GLP‐2② (glucagon‐like peptide‐2 dimer) effectively inhibited TNF cytotoxicity. Oral AVX‐470 (bovine‐derived anti‐TNF antibody) reduced enterocyte TNF, MPO, and apoptosis levels. Ac2‐26 (annexin A1 mimic) and αs2‐casein peptide combined with synbiotics were shown to restore gut homeostasis and dysbiosis. AMP‐18 (gastrokine‐1) and MBCP (buffalo milk peptide) stabilized tight junctions, preserving intestinal barrier integrity and potentially preventing IBD progression. Conclusion AIPs effectively reduce inflammation, regulate gut microbiota, and stabilize the intestinal barrier, showing promise for managing IBD. However, their therapeutic potential is limited by protease degradation, poor bioavailability, and possible cytotoxicity. Future research should enhance their stability, delivery systems, and pharmacokinetic properties to optimize their clinical applicability and safety.
Kemudahan Penggunaan Fitur Aplikasi E-Commerce terhadap Perilaku Konsumtif Mahasiswa

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The ease of use of E-commerce application features raises problems among students in the aspect of consumptive behavior. The main objective of this study is to assess the impact of using E-commerce on consumptive behavior among students in Indonesia. The method used in this research is quantitative research method. The scale in this study uses a Likert scale, which is a measurement method to measure the perceptions, attitudes, or opinions of individuals or groups about social events or phenomena. Data collection was carried out by distributing questionnaires using google forms through social media such as Whatsapp, Instagram, and Twitter. From the research data, 107 respondents were obtained from all students in Indonesia who used the E-commerce application, the majority of respondents were female with the age of 19 years. The results show that the ease of access to E-commerce affects consumptive behavior among students, especially because of the many promos and discounts that are easily obtained through the E-commerce application. In addition, this study also highlights the significant role of features such as shopping carts, promos and discounts, product searches and reviews in shaping the consumptive behavior of its users.
Political structures and democracy in Uruguay

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This book analyzes the nature and development of democracy in Uruguay, and reflects upon the future prospects of Uruguayan democracy. It looks above all at political institutions - the electoral system, the party system, and the composition of executive power - and how they have shaped politics in this small nation that for decades stood out as one of the two most established democracies in the Third World. It provides an examination of the 1980s, and gives background information on earlier periods of Uruguayan democracy. Drawing upon several important bodies of literature - electoral data, political parties and party systems, electoral surveys, and the liabilities of presidential systems - the author challenges many of the standard interpretations of Uruguayan politics, namely that the party system is non-ideological and that the two traditional parties have extremely diffuse identities. He shows that while these interpretations were probably correct in the past, they no longer are. Theoretically, this work continues the present emphasis on political factors in understanding the vulnerability of democracy in even the most advanced Latin American countries. This book should appeal to a variety of scholars, especially Latin Americanists and to scholars working on parties, elections, and democracy.
Application of neural networks for predicting the structural behavior of the pavement due to load impact

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Knowledge of the structural and functional condition of pavement structure is extremely important for the success of the entire pavement management system. Given that today’s tendency is to collect pavement condition data using non-destructive methods, deflection measurement using a falling weight deflectometer device is becoming an increasingly popular method of pavement condition assessment. As the prediction of the behavior of the pavement structure in the exploitation period is a module of exceptional importance, with the development of technology, there is a growing interest in the application of artificial intelligence, especially neural networks. By knowing the pavement behavior prediction model, it becomes possible to predict the moment when it will be necessary to perform a certain level and form of intervention, in order to maintain a certain degree of safety and comfort of traffic over a long period of time.
Analysis of the φ → γπη and φ → γπ 0 π 0 decays

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We study interference patterns in the φ → (γa 0+π 0 ρ) → γπη and φ → (γf 0+π 0 ρ) → γπ 0 π 0 reactions. Taking into account the interference, we fit the experimental data and show that the background reaction does not distort the π 0 η spectrum in the decay φ → γπη everywhere over the energy region and does not distort the π 0 π 0 spectrum in the decay φ → γπ 0 π 0 in the wide region of the π 0 π 0-system invariant mass, π ππ > 670 MeV, or when the photon energy is less than 300 MeV. We discuss the details of the scalar meson production in the radiative decays and note that there are reasonable arguments in favor of the one-loop mechanism φ → K + K − → γa 0 and φ → K + K − → γf 0. We also discuss distinctions between the four-quark, molecular, and two-quark models and argue that the Novosibirsk data give evidence in favor of the four-quark nature of the scalar a 0(980) and f 0(980) mesons.
The reader as subjective entropy: a novel analysis of multimodal readability

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Purpose The purpose of this study was to explore the viability of transinformation analysis as a multimodal readability metric. A novel approach was called for, considering that existing and established readability metrics are strictly used to measure linguistic complexity. Yet, the corpus of multimodal literature continues to grow, along with the need to understand how non-linguistic modalities contribute to the complexity of the reading experience. Design/methodology/approach In this exploratory study, think aloud screen recordings of eighth-grade readers of the born-digital novel Inanimate Alice were analyzed for complexity, along with transcripts of post-oral retellings. Pixel-level entropy analysis served as both an objective measure of the document and a subjective measure of the amount of reader information attention. Post-oral retelling entropy was calculated at the unit level of the word, serving as an indication of complexity in recall. Findings Findings confirmed that transinformation analysis is a viable multimodal readability metric. Inanimate Alice is an objectively complex document, creating a subjectively complex reading experience for the participants. Readers largely attended to the linguistic mode of the story, effectively reducing the amount of information they processed. This was also evident in the brevity and below average complexity of their post-oral retellings, which relied on recall of the linguistic mode. There were no significant group differences among the readers. Originality/value This is the first study that uses entropy to analyze multimodal readability.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Sequential Alkoxy Radical Fragmentation of δ‐ Hydroxyketones.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Detection and Severity Classifications of Sarbanes-Oxley Section 404 Internal Control Deficiencies

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

ABSTRACT: We examine detection and severity classification of internal control deficiencies (ICD) identified under Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. While the cost/benefit balance of auditor testing of internal controls is highly controversial, prior research has not examined auditor versus client detection of ICD, nor has it examined factors auditors consider in judging ICD severity. We find that auditors detect about three-fourths of unremediated ICD, usually though control testing. This finding contrasts with extant research inferring control deficiency detection effectiveness from publicly available data, underscoring the value of Section 404 auditor testing in improving financial reporting quality. Auditors judge greater severity when a misstatement has already occurred. In the absence of a misstatement, severity is contingent on client and ICD characteristics, implying a more complex and nuanced judgment process without objective evidence of control failure. We also find that clients often underestimate ICD severity, but this tendency is lower among well-controlled companies with a well-designed Section 404 process.
The multiple faces of sustainability – from sustained yield to sustainable development

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Sustained yield is the amount or number of a resource that can be harvested without sending the resource into a decline. Sustainable development is development that meets the current needs of human society without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs. Sustained yield and sustainable development both encompass concepts of sustainability. This paper (1) describes the concepts of sustained yield and sustainable development, and (2) explores the linkages, or lack of linkages, between the two concepts of sustainability. The linkages between sustained yield and sustainable development are weak. The paper finishes by drawing some conclusions about the relationship, or lack thereof, between sustained yield and sustainable development, and posits that sustainable development should focus on sustainable management and use of natural resources, with socioeconomic issues such as poverty alleviation, women’s rights, displaced people, and trade liberalisation having their own statements or declarations.
Tridimensional Map Synthesizing Method on Target Spread Probability Density and Searching Trajectory

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

By compiling computer program, the plane map of torpedo searching trajectory and the data of target spread probability density can be synthesized and a tridimensional map can be produced. The tridimensional map can illustrate not only the target spread probability density, but also the searching process and searching effect, and can be used to calculate the finding probability of specified searching trajectory and to design torpedo trajectory.
Ballota hispanica Benth.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Marrubium hispanicum Linnaeus, Species Plantarum 2: 583. 1753. "Habitat in Hispania." RCN: 4260. Lectotype (Heywood in Agron. Lusit. 20: 202. 1959): Herb. Clifford: 312, Marrubium 7 (BM-000646091). Current name: Ballota hispanica (L.) Benth. (Lamiaceae). Note: Lacaita (in J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 47: 166. 1925) concluded that the name should be abandoned as excessively confused. Heywood (1959) argued that Lacaita was wrong to reject the Clifford material, and that it must be the lectotype, also discussing the possibility that rejection of the name might be necessary Patzak (in Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien 63: 58, 67-69. 1959) followed Heywood as to typification, but rejected the name as ambiguous, taking up B. hirsuta Benth. for the Spanish plant, and B. rupestris (Biv.) Vis. for the Eastern Mediterranean taxon. However, no formal proposal for the rejection of the name has been made.