jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Knowability as Continuity: A Topological Account of Informational Dependence

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We study knowable informational dependence between empirical questions, modeled as continuous functional dependence between variables in a topological setting. We also investigate epistemic independence in topological terms and show that it is compatible with functional (but non-continuous) dependence. We then proceed to study a stronger notion of knowability based on uniformly continuous dependence. On the technical logical side, we determine the complete logics of languages that combine general functional dependence, continuous dependence, and uniformly continuous dependence.
Asymmetric volatility connectedness on forex markets

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

We show how bad and good volatility propagate through forex markets, i.e., we provide evidence for asymmetric volatility connectedness on forex markets. Using high-frequency, intra-day data of the most actively traded currencies over 2007 - 2015 we document the dominating asymmetries in spillovers that are due to bad rather than good volatility. We also show that negative spillovers are chiefly tied to the dragging sovereign debt crisis in Europe while positive spillovers are correlated with the subprime crisis, different monetary policies among key world central banks, and developments on commodities markets. It seems that a combination of monetary and real-economy events is behind the net positive asymmetries in volatility spillovers, while fiscal factors are linked with net negative spillovers.
Thin film silicon emitters for crystalline silicon solar cells, epitaxial, amorphous or microcrystalline? A simulation study

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The performance of solar cells which consist of thin-film silicon emitters of the type epi-Si(n), a-Si(n)/a-Si(i) or µc-Si(n)/a-Si(i) grown on a high quality p-type silicon wafer, is investigated by numerical computer simulation. The influence of the emitter/wafer interface state density, of the front contact surface recombination velocity and of the front contact barrier height on the IV-characteristics of the solar cells is examined. It is shown that applying a TCO as a front contact material, severe degradation of the solar cell performance is to be expected in case of an epi(n) and an a-Si(n)/a-Si(i) emitter due to emitter depletion and reduction of the internal field within the c-Si absorber. It is shown that a µc-Si(n)/a-Si(i) emitter offers some advantages: (1) The cell is almost insensitive to the TCO/emitter contact, and (2) its higher doping efficiency leads to higher short circuit currents and to a better suppression of the emitter/wafer interface recombination.
Over-expression of the constitutive AMPylase FIC-1(E274G) does not deplete cellular ATP pools in C. elegans

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Fic domain-containing AMPylases (Fic AMPylases) are a family of evolutionarily conserved enzymes present in most metazoans. Fic AMPylases are bi-functional: as monomers, these enzymes catalyze the transfer of AMP – at the expense of an ATP molecule – to surface-exposed threonine and serine hydroxyl groups (target AMPylation) (Chatterjee and Truttmann, 2021; Perera et al., 2019); upon dimerization and co-factor exchange, the same catalytic site supports AMP removal from modified proteins (target deAMPylation) (Casey et al., 2018; Moehlman et al., 2018; Preissler et al., 2017a; Preissler et al., 2017b; Veyron et al., 2019). Work by many groups suggests that fic AMPylases modify proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) as well as in the cytoplasm, with a preference for the ER-resident chaperone BiP/Grp78 (Fig. 1A). The activity of fic AMPylases is tightly regulated. Fic AMPylase-mediated hyper-AMPylation, achieved by the over-expression of constitutive AMPylase mutants, is toxic and leads to cell death in human in cellulo models (Sanyal et al., 2015), as well as Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Truttmann et al., 2017), Drosophila melanogaster (Casey et al., 2018) and Caenorhabditis elegans (Truttmann et al., 2018) in vivo models. Hyper-AMPylation-mediated cell death involves caspase-dependent apoptotic signaling (Sanyal et al., 2015). However, a detailed understanding as to why hyper-AMPylation is lethal remains elusive. One major hypothesis in the field is that hyper-AMPylation will deplete cellular ATP pools, leading to starvation-induced apoptosis.
Ghost Stories in the Soil

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Notes For example, one known case predating Frankie Silver's involves a woman known only as Betsy, hanged in the same region of North Carolina in 1813. Betsy was convicted of murdering the man who enslaved her. See ‘The Ballad of Frankie Silver’ by Tom Davenport. The documentary traces the history of Appalachian ballad tradition surrounding the case. Available at http://www.folkstreams.net/film,96. See Sjoberg and Gentry (2007) Sjoberg, L. and Gentry, C. E. 2007. Mothers, Monsters, Whores: Women's Violence in Global Politics, London: Zed Books. [Google Scholar] for an analysis of how media narratives construct women's violence in a manner that denies their political agency. For an analysis of how violence instigated by the enslaved, both female and male, is constructed similarly, see McCombs (2009) McCombs, T. A. B. 2009. ‘Monstrous by Law: Gothic Technology in Four Slavery Texts’. Available at http://works.bepress.com/theodore_mccombs/2 [Google Scholar] and, in a global context, see Hartman (1997) Hartman, S. V. 1997. Scenes of Subjection: Terror, Slavery, and Self-Making in Nineteenth Century America, New York: Oxford University Press. [Google Scholar]. Emmett Till was a 14-year-old African-American boy who was lynched in 1955 in Mississippi. The US Department of Justice began to try several individuals for Till's murder in 2004, but has had numerous problems initiating a trial.
Risk assessment and psychosocial interventions for suicidal patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives Suicide is a leading cause of death in the USA . Although factors elevating long‐term risk for suicide are known and include bipolar disorder, signs of imminent suicide risk are difficult to study and not well specified. Acute risk determinations must be made to determine the appropriate level of care to safeguard patients. To increase safety among at‐risk patients in the short term and to decrease risk over time, psychosocial interventions to prevent suicide have been developed and tested in acute care and outpatient settings. Methods A narrative review of studies of imminent risk factors for suicide, suicide risk decision‐making, and psychosocial suicide prevention interventions was conducted. Results Although some long‐term risk factors of suicide have been established, accurate identification of individuals at imminent risk for suicide is difficult. Therefore, prevention efforts targeting individuals at high suicide behavior risk discharging from acute care settings tend to be generic and focus on psychoeducation and supportive follow‐up contact. Data regarding the effectiveness of brief interventions (i.e., those not requiring more than one individualized treatment session) are mixed, showing better outcomes in the shorter term and when the incidence of suicidal behavior or ideation is the outcome. With respect to longer‐term suicide prevention interventions (i.e., those with a minimum of ten sessions), Dialectical Behavior Therapy has the largest evidence base. Conclusions To improve suicide prevention efforts, more rigorous study of imminent risk factors and psychosocial interventions is needed. Adaptations specific to individuals with bipolar disorder are possible and needed.
Cluttering as a Complex of Learning Disabilities

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this paper is to identify support for cluttering as a syndrome of learning disability symptoms. According to Van Riper (1970), American speech-language pathologists consider cluttering to be a fluency problem. Consequently, many do not fully understand the diverse speech, language, and behavioral symptoms which typify the disorder. Cluttering was first considered a psychological incongruity with speech manifestations as the foremost symptom (Froeschels, 1946). More recent descriptions of cluttering emphasize an hereditary or constitutional central nervous system disability affecting all modalities of communication and general behavior (Freund, 1952; 1970). The syndrome may be more adequately defined when viewed as a complex of learning disabilities. A review of literature is summarized for both cluttering and learning disabilities, in which it is apparent the two groups exhibit striking resemblances. All major cluttering symptoms fit three basic categories consistent with learning deficits: language disorders in all modalities, speech disturbances, and perceptual/motor deficits. A fourth, seemingly unique yet universally noted characteristic involves the person's lack of awareness of his disabilities. A case study of a 22-year-old male is presented, which supports the strong affiliation between cluttering and learning disabilities. Clinical implications concerning the, need for thorough assessment of individuals complaining of prosody disorders are discussed.
P193 Non-invasive ventilation: making changes and demonstrating improvement using quality improvement methodology

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Introduction and objectives

The BTS audit and NCEPOD report on Non-Invasive Ventilation (NIV) demonstrate significant failings in the care of acute NIV patients. NIV has the potential to reduce mortality by 50% when delivered appropriately, but can do significant harm if poorly managed. Quality improvement (QI) is a relatively new and rapidly increasing discipline in the clinical field. Demonstrating that changes result in improvement can be difficult. However, when improvement can be robustly shown, the data are powerful and can help to ensure stakeholder engagement and continued motivation. As part of a NIHR CLAHRC Northwest London funded QI initiative (April 2017-March 2018), aiming to improve care for acute NIV patients, we used QI methodology and a patient centred approach to develop an NIV bundle, algorithm, standardise training and develop a competency framework. We aimed to demonstrate that these interventions resulted in improved care by using a 'measures for improvement' approach.

Method

An Action-Effect Diagram was developed to identify and articulate the aims of the project and how they might be achieved. Stakeholder engagement, process mapping and iterative PDSA cycles to test change were some of the QI methods used. A measurement plan defined our process, outcome and balancing measures. Data were collected prospectively, analysed using Statistical Process Control (SPC) charts and used to inform decision-making, reporting on a fortnightly basis.

Results

Since implementation (July 2017), 111 NIV care-bundles have been completed from a possible 185. 535 staff were trained using the updated education framework. SPC charts demonstrated improvements in care, for example in the documentation of NIV parameters (figure 1) we also began to see improvement in the percentage of patients receiving all five points on our COPD treatment algorithm (controlled oxygen, steroids, nebulisers, antibiotics and chest xray prior to NIV), and patients having a ceiling of care discussion prior to NIV.

Conclusions

We have demonstrated that by using a robust QI approach, approaching improvement in an evidence-based, systematic and patient centred way we were able to make improvements. Future challenges include efficiently sustaining these improvements to ensure that the new BTS quality standards are met.
Nanoscale Structure and Microscale Stiffness of DNA Nanotubes

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

We measure the stiffness of tiled DNA nanotubes (HX-tubes) as a function of their (defined) circumference by analyzing their micrometer-scale thermal deformations using fluorescence microscopy. We derive a model that relates nanoscale features of HX-tube architecture to the measured persistence lengths. Given the known stiffness of double-stranded DNA, we use this model to constrain the average spacing between and effective stiffness of individual DNA duplexes in the tube. A key structural feature of tiled nanotubes that can affect stiffness is their potential to form with discrete amounts of twist of the DNA duplexes about the tube axis (supertwist). We visualize the supertwist of HX-tubes using electron microscopy of gold nanoparticles, attached to specific sites along the nanotube. This method reveals that HX-tubes tend not to form with supertwist unless forced by sequence design, and, even when forced, supertwist is reduced by elastic deformations of the underlying DNA lattice. We compare the hybridization energy gained upon closing a duplex sheet into a tube with the elastic energy paid for deforming the sheet to allow closure. In estimating the elastic energy we account for bending and twisting of the individual duplexes as well as shearing between them. We find the minimum supertwist state has minimum free energy, and global untwisting of forced supertwist is energetically favorable, consistent with our experimental data. Finally, we show that attachment of Cy3 dyes or changing counterions can cause nanotubes to adopt a permanent writhe with micrometer-scale pitch and amplitude. We propose that the coupling of local twist and global counter-twist may be useful in characterizing perturbations of DNA structure.
A Cross-Sectional Study to Assess the Prevalent Myths and Misconceptions Among the Caregivers of Patients With Cancer

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract INTRODUCTION Certain popular ideas about how cancer starts and spreads—though scientifically wrong—can seem to make sense, especially when those ideas are rooted in old theories. The present study was conducted to assess the prevalence of myths and misconceptions among the caregivers of patients with cancer. MATERIAL AND METHOD A hospital-based survey in a tertiary teaching hospital was conducted where caregivers (aged 18–70 years) were administered questionaries containing 10 close-ended questions. The study was conducted in small batches of 20-25 participants per week. The questionnaire was analysed, and a health care worker discussed the questionnaire with the participants and clarified their myths. RESULTS A total of four hundred participants were included in the study. The median age of the participants was 45 years (IQR 35-59). The majority of the participants were males (85%, n=340). Table 1 displays the common myths and misconceptions prevalent in the caregivers of patients with cancer. CONCLUSION The present study highlights the widespread cancer myths and misconceptions among the caregivers of patients with cancer. Therefore, the need of the hour is to eliminate them to avoid any unnecessary treatment delays and strengthen the emotional and social support system for patients with cancer.
Inhibition Activity of Extracts of Cirsium japonicum DC. on Plant Pathogenic Fungi

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In order to identify the components in Cirsium japonicum DC. with inhibitory effect on plant pathogenic fungi,we used solvent extraction method to extract components in C. japonicum DC.,and assayed inhibition activity of extract. The results showed that C. japonicum DC. extracts had certain antimicrobial activity to the tested plant pathogenic fungi,while the antifungal activity of 50 mg / mL petroleum ether extract against Pomegranate fusarium oxysporium was the highest,its inhibition rate reached 100% and EC 50 was 5. 101 7 mg / mL.
Whooping Cough Vaccine at Birth

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Journal Article Whooping Cough Vaccine at Birth Get access ISAAC ABAYOMI, ISAAC ABAYOMI Tropical Child Health Unit, Institute of Child HealthLondon, W.8 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar MARGARET WOODLAND, MARGARET WOODLAND Tropical Child Health Unit, Institute of Child HealthLondon, W.8 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar DAVID MORLEY DAVID MORLEY Tropical Child Health Unit, Institute of Child HealthLondon, W.8 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Tropical Pediatrics, Volume 19, Issue 1, March 1973, Pages 3–4, https://doi.org/10.1093/tropej/19.1.3 Published: 01 March 1973
There is More to the Story than Skipping School

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article offers a reflective exploration of the storied experiences of young climate strikers in Bristol through a narrative inquiry approach. In-depth analysis of the narratives of the young people collected at two distinct timepoints illustrates the complexity of young people’s stories of activism to develop a localised sub-narrative. Before the covid-19 pandemic, young people’s climate activism was at a high with the movement known as Youth Strike 4 Climate (YS4C) or Fridays For Future (FFF). The wave of young people’s climate activism was sustained by a powerful metanarrative (Han and Ahn 2020). This study explores the narrative accounts of three youth activists in Bristol to draw out distinct components of the local sub-narrative of the YS4C movement. The data is collected though in-depth narrative interviews in 2020 and follow-up interviews in 2023. The narrative approach taken in this article views the process of telling and re-telling stories as a collaborative meaning-making process (Clandinin and Connelly 2000); by reflecting back on their own earlier words, the young people are brought into the research process and centred as co-producers of knowledge. The study finds that their accounts are action-oriented, justice-driven and community-focussed. The narratives reveal how young activists cast themselves as protagonists and thereby enact political agency. Striking as a tactic is explored from the perspective of a post-covid world. The article suggests that the end of the strikes locally does not signify the end of the movement.
Death of the First Language among Filipino-Germans in Negros Island

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Death of the First Language among Filipino-Germans in Negros Island Dr. Sonia B. SyGaco Abstract Nine young Filipino- Germans who spoke German as their first language migrated to the Philippines together with their aging German fathers and middle-age Filipina mothers. While staying in their new home in Negros Island, they learn English and Cebuano as they assimilate with the locals. The C-Test shows that short-term migrants still possess the proficiency of the German language as they acquire Cebuano and English while long-term migrants have attrited from their native tongue and are proficient in Cebuano and English. Full Text: PDF DOI: 10.15640/jflcc.v7n1a4
Neonatal outcomes of birth asphyxia in tertiary care hospital of low-income country

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Pakistan has highest neonatal mortality in the region and birth asphyxia is one of the main preventable contributors to this. Objective of this study is to determine the frequency of different neonatal outcomes in neonates with birth asphyxia. Subjects & Methods: It was descriptive case series study conducted in Department of Pediatrics Medicine, Services Hospital, Lahore in 6 months period during 6th Dec 2016 to 5th June 2017. 150 cases were included using non probability, consecutive sampling with 95% confidence level, 6% margin of error taking an expected percentage of neonate mortality as 15%. Data was analyzed with SPSS version 23. Categorical variables i.e., gender and neonatal outcomes in terms of neonatal mortality, discharge and neurological complications were expressed by frequency and percentage. Post stratification chi square test was applied. A p-value of <0.05 was taken as significant. Results: The mean age of neonates was 3.09±0.8 hours. Outcomes of these neonates was seen in terms of mortality, discharge and neurological problems. Out of total 150 patients, 51 (34%) neonates expired and 99 (66%) neonates were survived. And neonates 69 (46%) neonates were diagnosed with neurological complications. Conclusion: We found, birth asphyxia has significant association with neonatal mortality and neurological complications. Prevention of birth asphyxia with appropriate resuscitation at birth may be helpful in reduction of morbidity and mortality due to birth asphyxia.Neonates
THE 1981 IRISH GENERAL ELECTION

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

THE 1981 IRISH GENERAL ELECTION Get access M. A. Busteed M. A. Busteed Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Parliamentary Affairs, Volume XXXV, Issue 1, Winter 1982, Pages 39–58, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.pa.a054291 Published: 01 January 1982
Analysis on microbe detection on various aseptic packets in the hospitals.

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

[Objective] To control hospital infection. [Method] 69 various aseptic packets which had been sterilized within one week were collected from municipal hospitals. The samples were cultured with aerobic, anaerobic and fungus under 37 ℃ for 5 days and 28℃ for 7 days, and went through smear, gram stain and microscope detection. [Result] Among the 69 aseptic packets, 21 were detected positive (30.43% ). [Conclusion] To strengthen scientific management on sterilization in hospitals, to control and reduce hospital infection.
The role of personality traits in participation in an Online Cancer Community

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate how personality traits influence participative behaviour in an Online Cancer Community (OCC). Design/methodology/approach Qualitative semi-structured interviews were conducted with 42 users of one of the largest OCCs in Australia – Cancer Council Online Community in New South Wales (NSW). Findings The results showed that extraversion, emotional stability and agreeableness traits influence posting behaviour, whereas the conscientiousness trait influences lurking behaviour. The openness trait did not affect either posters or lurkers’ online behaviour. Research limitations/implications The research highlights the pivotal role of personality traits in users’ decisions to post or lurk using a multi-theory perspective that combined the social exchange theory and the Five-Factor Model. Future studies should explore personality traits that can benefit from online participation in an OCC to transition only lurkers who may benefit from posting. Practical implications Insights from the study inform OCC practitioners and moderators when designing the OCC platform. Except for the openness trait, lurkers and posters exhibited different attitudes, which indicates that integrating these findings in the OCC design can facilitate adopting strategies to elicit more participation by OCC users. Originality/value This is the first study that explored the role of personality traits in users’ decisions to participate in an OCC.
A coupled kinematics–energetics model for predicting energy efficient flapping flight

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) A new computational model based on an optimal power, wake-only aerodynamics method is presented to predict the interdependency of energetics and kinematics in bird and bat flight. The model is divided into offline, intermediate and online modules. In the offline module, a four-dimensional design space sweep is performed (lift, thrust, flapping amplitude and flapping frequency). In the intermediate stage, the physical characteristics of the animal are introduced (wing span, mass, wing area, aspect ratio, etc.), and a series of amplitude–frequency response surfaces are constructed for all viable flight speeds. In the online component, the amplitude–frequency response surfaces are mined for the specific flapping motions being considered.