jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Structural analyses of metallodrug/β-lactoglobulin adducts for rational design of new biomaterials

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

β-lactoglobulin (BLG) is a whey carrier protein of 18.4 kDa. This protein is a good system for the preparation of micro- or nanoparticles for pharmaceutical industry because of its high solubility, safe status, biodegradable nature, gel forming ability, abundance, stability at acidic pH and against gastric pepsin. It has been shown that BLG can bind anticancer Pt-based drugs and that BLG–pectin nanoparticles can transfer cytotoxic Pt compounds to cancer cells.
To study the molecular basis of the Pt-based drug recognition by BLG, we have analyzed the interaction of this protein with two extensively used anticancer metallodrugs, i.e. cisplatin and oxaliplatin, both in solution and at solid state. Structural data reveal that cisplatin binds BLG coordinating Met7, His146 and Lys8 side chains, without affecting the overall 3D structure. The molecular structure of the adduct formed upon reaction of oxaliplatin with BLG suggests the existence of a single Pt binding site. Circular Dichroism analyses reveal that the overall structure of the protein is not altered upon interaction with the metal compound.
These results suggest that BLG could act as a carrier for anticancer metallodrugs and open the way for a rational design of new biomaterials based on metallodrug/β-lactoglobulin adduct nanoparticles.
Reference Governor Design in the Presence of Uncertain Polynomial Constraints

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Reference governors are add-on schemes that are used to modify trajectories to prevent controlled dynamical systems from violating input or state constraints, and so are playing an increasingly important role in aerospace, robotic, and other applications. Here we present a novel reference governor design for systems whose polynomial constraints depend on unknown bounded parameters. This is a significant departure from earlier treatments of reference governors, where the constraints were linear or known, because here we transfer the uncertainties into the constraints instead of having them in the closed loop dynamics, which greatly simplifies the task of determining future evolution of the constraints. Unlike our earlier treatment of reference governors with polynomial constraints which transformed the constraints into linear ones that depend on an augmented state of the system, here we transform the constraints into linear ones that depend on both the system's state and uncertain parameters. Convexity allows us to estimate the maximal output admissible set for an uncertain pre-stabilized linear system. We show that it is sufficient to only consider extreme values of the uncertain parameters when computing and propagating the polynomial constraints. We illustrate our method using an uncertain longitudinal dynamics for civilian aircraft which is controlled using a disturbance compensation method and needs to satisfy input and state constraints, and where our reference governor method ensures that safety constraints are always satisfied.
Are women-owned enterprises better for employees?

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This study provides novel survey-based insights from an under-researched developing market perspective into whether women-owned enterprises offer better working environments despite being resource-constrained and subject to engendered restrictions. Using a hand-collected survey-based dataset from Kenya and Tanzania, we find that women-owned enterprises provide more formal training programs, pension coverage, health insurance, female and youth employment opportunities, and are more innovative. We attribute these findings to the fact that female participation leads to a more empathic and socially responsible approach to decision-making, resulting in better employee welfare outcomes. Our findings echo the need to spur equitable and sustained economic growth by eliminating engendered restrictions and providing more resources to female entrepreneurs in developing markets.
Testicular measurements and their relation with live weight and age in Tuj lambs

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Bu araştırma Tuj erkek kuzularında testis çapı ve testis uzunluğu, skrotum uzunluğu, skrotum çevresi ve skrotum hacmi ile kuzuların canlı ağırlıkları ve yaşları arasındaki ilişkilerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Araştırmada 74 adet Tuj ırkı erkek kuzu kullanılmıştır. Testis ve skrotum özelliklerine kuzuların canlı ağırlıkları, yaşı, doğum tipi ve ana yaşının etkileri doğumdan 6 aylık yaşa kadar incelenmiştir. Testis çapı, testis uzunluğu, skrotum uzunluğu, skrotum çevresi ve skrotum hacmine ilişkin en-küçük kareler ortalamaları sırasıyla 2.56±0.03 cm, 4.60±0.03 cm, 8.32±0.60 cm, 14.47±0.10 cm ve 103.00±2.28 cm3 olarak belirlenmiştir. Canlı ağırlık ve yaşın incelenen tüm testis ve skrotum özelliklerine etkisi istatistiki olarak önemli (P &lt; 0.01), ana yaşının incelenen tüm testis ve skrotum özelliklerine etkisi istatistiki olarak önemsiz (P &gt; 0.05) belirlenmiştir. Doğum tipinin ise sadece skrotum uzunluğuna etkisi istatistiki olarak önemli (P &lt; 0.01) bulunmuştur. Canlı ağırlık, yaş, testis çapı, testis uzunluğu, skrotum çevresi, skrotum uzunluğu ve skrotum hacminin kendi aralarındaki korelasyon katsayıları pozitif ve yüksek değerlerde olup, istatistiki olarak önemli bulunmuştur (P &lt; 0.01). Sonuç olarak, kolay ve erken yaşta ölçülebilen testis ve skrotum ölçüleri ile testis özelliklerinin belirlenmesi ve damızlık seçiminde seleksiyon kriteri olarak kullanılabileceğini göstermektedir
Numerical Classification of the Loquat Germplasm

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Divisions of 199 loquat [Eriobotrya japonica(Thunb.)Lindl.] genetic resources and 86 germplasm characters were investigated in the resources of Fuzhou National Fruit Germplasm.Q cluster analysis showed that 199 loquat germplasm resources were seperated into cultivar and wild germplasm when L = 87.31;Five groups were seperated when L = 34.92,the germplasm resources in the same group were most came from the same origin region showing the nearest genetic relationship.R cluster analysis showed 86 characters closely related were significantly clustered into 3 groups.Principal component analysis suggested that,86 characters can be simplified to 28 main factors,the cumulative contribution rate of 74.7%,and the relatively large influence of 58 characters based on the amount of 28 factors loading.
Phoma identification manual. Differentiation of specific and infra-specific taxa in culture

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract

This book is a practical manual to aid identification of Phoma species, and will be useful for researchers working in the areas of mycology, plant pathology and microbiology. It provides line drawings and keys for the identification of 223 specific and infraspecific taxa of Phoma, including common pathogenic and saprophytic species, with references to additional diagnostic literature, representative cultures and documentation of the numerous synonyms formerly used in the mycological and phytopathological literature. Methods for identification and differentiation of species in vitro are covered, then species are described under the following sections: Phoma, Heterospora, Paraphoma, Peyronellaea, Phyllostictoides, Sclerophomella, Plenodomus, Macrospora, Pilosa and miscellaneous.
The Contact Simulation of CTP Imaging Drum and Plate on ANSYS

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Introduce some basic knowledge, methods and theory of using the finite element software ANSYS to carry out contact analysis, and then establish the contact simulation analysis finite element model for CTP imaging drum and plate by using the software ANSYS. A numerical simulation analysis on the imaging drum and the plate indicates that the analysis results are consistent with the experimental results, so as to lay the foundation for the reliability and stability of dynamic design and optimization design of CTP imaging drum.
Evaluation of submental approach for oro-endotracheal intubation in maxillofacial trauma

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Introduction: In maxillofacial injuries, a choice has often to be made between different ways of intubation when surgical access to fractured nasal bone and simultaneous establishment of occlusion are required. We report our experience with submental intubation in the airway management of complex maxillofacial trauma patients and complication associated with it. The aim is to evaluate the outcome of airway management in patients with complex maxillofacial trauma by submental intubation. Materials and Methods: Fifteen cases reporting to the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of a tertiary care hospital, with multiple facial trauma from September 2011 to September 2013 were selected for study. Median submental intubation was performed. Follow-up during hospitalization for wound associated complication and 3 months postoperatively was done. Results: At the end of the procedure, all 15 patients were extubated without any complications. Postoperatively, only one patient presented with superficial infection of the submental wound. Conclusion: Submental endotracheal intubation is a simple technique with very low morbidity and can be used as an alternative to tracheostomy in selected cases of maxillofacial trauma.
Cost/Benefit Analysis of GMO Corn in Nepal

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

A large percentage of people in Nepal are below the poverty line and starving. Because of this, Monsanto introduced GMO Bt Corn, which was beneficial, but not accepted by the Nepali people. In order to combat these negative views of GMO foods, information materials and community sessions will be provided for the Nepali people, in hopes of a higher acceptance of GMO corn.
On the Margins of Harry's World: Paratext and The Tales of Beedle the Bard

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

J.K. Rowling's The Tales of Beedle the Bard (2008) uses paratext to align Harry Potter's Wizarding world with the extradiegtetic readers' world. Doing so may aim at extending the novels' theme of connection, but it complicates that theme by emphasizing readers' status as marginalized from the magical realm.
Evaluation of Two Alloplastic Biomaterials in a Critical-Size Rat Calvarial Defect Model

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aim: to evaluate the bone regeneration capacity of two alloplastic biomaterials in a critical-size rat calvarial defect model. Methods: A total of 80 rats were randomized into 8 groups of 10 animals each. An Ø8 mm, critical-size calvarial defect was created, and the following treatments were randomly allocated: sham surgery, deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM) + collagen membrane (CM), poly-(lactic-co-glycolic-acid) (PLGA)-coated pure phase β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP), or PLGA-coated 60% hydroxyapatite (HA):40%β-TCP. Animals were allowed to heal for 2 and 6 weeks. Microcomputed tomography (μCT) was used to evaluate mineralized tissue and biomaterial displacement. Histological samples were used to evaluate new bone formation. Results: μCT analysis showed no significant differences among groups for total volume of mineralized tissue or residual biomaterials. DBBM + CM showed significantly increased horizontal biomaterial displacement at 2 weeks but not at 6 weeks. Histological analysis showed that sham surgery had a significantly higher percentage of bone area fraction than the DBBM + CM and PLGA + β-TCP at 2 weeks, but not at 6 weeks. Residual biomaterial area fraction showed no significant differences among experimental groups at any healing time. Conclusions: The alloplastic biomaterials showed suitable construct integrity and retention in the defect. All biomaterials were associated with limited new bone formation comparable to the sham surgery control.
Residue management impacts on winter canola in the southern Great Plains

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The integration of winter canola in the southern Great Plains has allowed producers to diversify their cropping systems by offering an alternative winter crop. Canola is proven to be beneficial at managing grassy weeds and improving yields compared with continuous wheat systems. However, winter canola has been known to be susceptible to harsh winter conditions in the Southern Great Plains. The greatest losses in systems growing winter canola are generally caused by cold or freeze induced damage. The objective of this study was to evaluate impact of different residue management strategies on survival and yield of winter canola in the southern Great Plains. The management treatments included no-till; vertical tillage at gang angle 0 degrees, 3 degrees, and 6 degrees; harrowing; and prescribed burning. The effects of residue management strategies were evaluated by analyzing plant population, crown height, and yield during the growing season from 2014 to 2017 near Fairview, OK. Stand count was significantly different at different dates of measurement; however, the treatment differences were inconsistent. The burn treatment had significantly lower crown height than all treatments except no-till in 2014. Vertical tillage gang angle 6 degrees had significantly lower crown height than all treatments except the burn and harrow treatments in 2016. Canola yield combined across years showed no significant difference among the residue management treatments except for harrow, which showed significantly lower yield than rest of the treatments.
Acute-phase responses and adipocytokines

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Adipokines, also called adipocytokines, are highly bioactive substances mainly expressed by adipose tissue. In addition to adipocytes, different cell types resident in various tissues produce adipokines under pathophysiological conditions. Adipokines include a growing number of pluripotent molecules such as adiponectin, resistin, leptin, and visfatin. Since distinct effects of adipokines on inflammation have been described, their influence on the (innate) immune system has been investigated in rheumatology, gastroenterology, and endocrinology. This review gives an overview on the current knowledge about the influence which adipokines have on the immune system and chronic inflammation in rheumatic diseases.
Bias asymmetry in the conductance profile of magnetic ions on surfaces probed by scanning tunneling microscopy

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

PHYSICAL REVIEW B\n86\n, 125411 (2012)\nBias asymmetry in the conductance profile of magnetic ions on surfaces probed by scanning\ntunneling microscopy\nAaron Hurley, Nadjib Baadji, and Stefano Sanvito\nSchool of Physics and CRANN, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland\n(Received 29 March 2012; published 7 September 2012)\nThe conductance profiles of magnetic transition-metal atoms, such as Fe, Co, and Mn, deposited on surfaces\nand probed by a scanning tunneling microscope (STM), provide detailed information on the magnetic excitations\nof such nanomagnets. In general, the profiles are symmetric with respect to the applied bias. However, a set of\nrecent experiments has shown evidence for inherent asymmetries when either a normal or a spin-polarized STM\ntip is used. In order to explain such asymmetries, here we expand our previously developed perturbative approach\nto electron-spin scattering to the spin-polarized case and to the inclusion of out of equilibrium spin populations.\nIn the case of a magnetic STM tip, we demonstrate that the asymmetries are driven by the nonequilibrium\noccupation of the various atomic spin levels, an effect that is reminiscent of electron spin transfer. In contrast,\nwhen the tip is not spin polarized, such a nonequilibrium population cannot be built up. In this circumstance, we\npropose that the asymmetry simply originates from the transition metal ion density of states and from the uneven\nelectronic coupling between the scattering magnetic atoms and both the tip and the substrate. These effects are\nincluded in the formalism as a nonvanishing real component to the spin-scattering self-energy
The Story of a Semester

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This chapter chronicles the development of the short story as a product of the Program Era from its inception in the 1930s up through the contemporary moment, and argues that its history can be understood in terms of the experiences of the college-educated creative class, whose socioeconomic situation is perennially precarious. As shown through illustrations from the Best American Short Stories, two institutions loom large in this history: the New Yorker and the Iowa Writers’ Workshop, which can stand in for the NYC vs. MFA dialectic that shapes the careers of most American short story writers. It is between these poles that the short story has been negotiated and evaluated during the Program Era. For most writers, it is an apprenticeship form, originally addressed to teachers and students and then to other writers and literary professionals, preparing the field for the novel addressed to the larger reading public.
Improved Design and Fabrication of a Compression Moulding Machine with Performance Evaluation

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This study explores the advancements in the design and performance of an improved compression moulding machine aimed at efficiently recycling various plastic wastes, with an emphasis on Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET). With global plastic waste accumulation posing severe environmental challenges, enhancing recycling technologies is imperative. The re-designed machine was tested at operating temperatures of 200°C, 250°C, and 300°C, highlighting the critical role of temperature and processing duration in determining product quality. Theoretical heating times were found to be shorter than actual times due to real-world inefficiencies such as heat loss and thermal conductivity variations. Weight loss during heating, attributed to the evaporation of volatile components and thermal degradation, was observed. The formation of air pores in samples with extended heating times underscored the necessity for precise process control. The PET melting process initiated effectively at approximately 250°C. The improved machine demonstrated significant potential in enhancing recycling efficiency and versatility.
Letter to the Editor

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We read with great interest the article on pneumococcal serotyping in Laos by Moore and others 1 and the accompanying editorial by Mehta 2 in the September 2010 issue of The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. We commend Moore on describing the pneumococcal serotype distribution in this country in Asia, a region with relatively few data on pneumococcal serotypes causing invasive disease. 3 However, we draw different conclusions from the data than Mehta did in his editorial, and propose that these data support the use of currently available pneumococcal conjugate vaccines in Asia now, rather than further delays. What is missing in much of the developing world right now is high-quality surveillance rather than high-quality vaccines. An estimated 800,000 children died of pneumococcal disease in 2000, with much of the burden in Asia. 4 The World
Secure and Anonymous Communications Over Delay Tolerant Networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract

Today's society has a fundamental need for security and anonymity. Well suited, real-life scenarios such as whistleblower reports, intelligence service operations, and the ability to communicate within oppressive governments, call for such fundamental needs. The contribution and focus of this paper is the study of anonymous communications in the context of Delay Tolerant Networks (DTNs). Current literature achieves anonymity via mechanisms that are built around the onion routing paradigm which, unfortunately, is vulnerable to malicious nodes. Instead, our work introduces a novel message forwarding algorithm that delivers messages, from source to destination, via a random walk process. As such, our protocol does not list the intermediate nodes along the route's path and, therefore, enhances significantly the anonymity of the underlying communications. We propose two different approaches for encrypting the exchanged messages. The first one is based solely on public key cryptosystems and is, thus, suitable for short, SMS-style messaging. The second one is a hybrid solution that combines both public and symmetric key cryptography and is targeted towards large multimedia messages, such as images or video. Through extensive simulation experiments, we show that our proposed anonymous routing protocol achieves high message delivery rates, while using modest computational resources on the mobile devices.

Other Information

Published in: IEEE Access
License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
See article on publisher's website: https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2993062
NAATP urges members to urge staff to get COVID‐19 vaccine

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Last month, the federal Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommended that all health care professionals be offered the first doses of COVID‐19 vaccines. Addiction treatment providers are essential health care staff, and they work with individuals at high risk for contracting the disease, a federal report from the CDC and the federal National Institute on Drug Abuse report published in the Journal of the American Medical Association last fall found.
[Research progress on the potential mechanisms and effects of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway in sepsis].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Sepsis is a common clinical syndrome in intensive care unit (ICU) with high morbidity and high mortality, making it a global health issue. The estimated global incidence of sepsis is 437/100 000, with an in-hospital mortality of 17%, which is higher in developing countries and underdeveloped regions. Despite some progress in sepsis treatment in recent years, the complexity of its pathophysiology limits therapeutic effectiveness. The cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway (CAP), a neuro-immune regulatory pathway, plays a crucial role in sepsis through key components such as the vagus nerve, central M-type muscarinic receptor, the spleen and splenic sympathetic nerves, acetylcholine, and the α7 subunit of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR). This article explores the potential mechanisms and roles of CAP in sepsis, focusing on CAP-related cell signaling pathways, including nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway, Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (JAK/STAT3) signaling pathway, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) signaling pathway, and cyclooxygenase (COX) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) signaling pathways. Potential applications of CAP in sepsis treatment include stimulating the vagus nerve (e.g., through pharmacological, electrical, or acupuncture stimulation), using α7nAChR agonists (e.g., nicotine, GTS-21, and PNU-282987), adrenergic receptor agonists (e.g., dexmedetomidine and salbutamol), or other drugs and bioactive substances (e.g., buprenorphine and traditional Chinese medicine components). These approaches aim to activate CAP, suppress inflammatory responses, and improve sepsis prognosis, providing a theoretical basis for treatment and promoting the development of related drugs.