jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Reversible Acute Renal Failure Complicating Rheumatoid Arthritis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

SummaryAlthough morphological and functional kidney lesions are well known to occur in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), there appear to be no previous reports on reversible acute renal failure. That interstitial nephritis plays a part in acute renal failure is clinically documented but the pathophysiology is obscure. The role of raised interstitial pressure has often been discussed but convincing evidence is still lacking.Two patients with classical RA complicated by reversible oliguria and impaired kidney function are presented. Renal biopsies revealed no glomerular, tubular or amyloid lesions. The only light microscopic finding was greatly increased interstitial edema, which stained metachromatically with toluidine blue and was hyaluronidase-sensitive.It is supposed that the abnormal concentration of interstitial hyaluronic acid and its high water-binding capacity leads to an increase of interstitial pressure, which is followed by renal insufficiency. The mucinous edema of the kidneys is assumed to be an acute reaction of the pathological connective tissue in general.
ISE03-4: Passive Duplicate Address Detection for the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

During a layer-3 (L3) handoff, address acquisition via DHCP is often the dominant source of handoff delay, with duplicate address detection (DAD) responsible for most of the delay. We propose a new DAD algorithm, passive DAD (pDAD), which we show to be effective, while introducing only a few milliseconds of delay. Unlike traditional DAD, pDAD also detects the unauthorized use of an IP address before it is assigned to a DHCP client.
Evaluation of Imaging Techniques for the Measurement of Extracranial Internal Carotid Stenosis: A Systematic Scoping Review. (P11-5.008)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective:

This scoping review aims to map current literature assessing inter-rater reliability, intra-rater reliability, or accuracy of modalities used to measure carotid stenosis in standard clinical practice.

Background:

High-quality measurement of carotid stenosis is an essential part of assessing candidacy for carotid endarterectomy or stenting. It is unclear how the common modalities (Doppler ultrasound (DUS), CT angiography (CTA), MR angiography (MRA), and conventional angiography) compare in terms of reliability or accuracy.

Design/Methods:

A search strategy was applied to four databases between 2010 and 2022. Included studies described inter-rater reliability, intra-rater reliability, and/or accuracy of DUS, CTA, MRA, and conventional angiography in the measurement of extracranial internal carotid stenosis. Studies were excluded if they only examined novel techniques, assessed patients following carotid revascularization, were published before 2010 or in a non-English language.

Results:

We screened 963 manuscripts and included 24 for analysis. Although conventional angiography was the most common gold standard, all four modalities were used as the comparator in different studies. Studies assessed 13 different metrics, with highly variable results: sensitivity (27.8%–100%); specificity (20%–100%); positive predictive value (17.5%–100%); negative predictive value (10%–100%); agreement (42.9%–90.3%), kappa (0.25–0.97), weighted kappa (0.45–0.94); Spearman correlation coefficient (0.49–1), accuracy (55.2%–99%), Pearson's correlation coefficient (0.49–1), volume under receiver operating characteristics surface (0.735–0.761), interclass correlation coefficient (0.83–0.98), and intraclass correlation coefficient (0.83–0.98). Inter-rater reliability ranged from 0.41–0.97 (11 studies; six metrics), intra-rater reliability from 0.59–1 (six studies; five metrics), and accuracy from 0.1–1 (22 studies; 11 metrics).

Conclusions:

Few studies have investigated the measurement of carotid stenosis since 2010. These studies demonstrate significant heterogeneity in modality assessed, method of assessment, and results. No clear conclusion can be drawn about the superiority of one modality over another. As imaging bears major implications in carotid stenosis management, these findings serve as a call for future research to better guide decision-making. Disclosure: Mr. Lawrence has nothing to disclose. Dr. Sim has nothing to disclose. Brian Dewar has nothing to disclose. Robert Fahed has received personal compensation in the range of $50,000-$99,999 for serving as a Consultant for Stryker Neurovascular. Robert Fahed has received personal compensation in the range of $5,000-$9,999 for serving as a Consultant for Yocan Medical Systems. Dr. Shamy has nothing to disclose.
[Internal migration in Guatemala during the period 1976-1981].

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper analyzes migration by region and department. 3 of 7 regions (Guatemala, Central, and North) gain population through migration. The study shows that women tend to be more migratory than men, while the non-indigenous population migrates significantly more than the indigenous population (8/1000 vs 3/1000). Migration is more intense between the ages of 15-34. Within this group, the 15-24 year olds are a very strong subgroup, and women outnumber men. Of 462 migratory interdepartmental movements, 7% accounts for 50% of the total migration. The most important migration is from Escuintla to Guatemala. Women strongly predominate in the immigration flow to Guatemala. In general, migration is oriented mainly to the departments of Guatemala, Escuintla, and El Peten, due probably to the fact that the 1st 2 are relatively more developed than the rest of the country and to the fact that there is state-supported expansion of the agricultural frontier in El Peten. (author's modified)
Six years of monitoring annual changes in a freshwater marsh with SPOT HRV data

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Fifteen dates of spring-time SPOT HRV data along with near-concurrent vertical aerial photographic and phenological data from spring 1987 through spring 1992 were analyzed to monitor annual changes in a 150-hectare, southeastern floodplain marsh. The marsh underwent rapid changes during the six years from a swamp dominated by non-persistent, thermally tolerant macrophytes to persistent macrophyte and shrub-scrub communities as reactor discharges declined to Pen Branch. Savannah River flooding was also important in the timing of the shift of these wetland communities. SPOT HRV data proved to be an efficient and effective method to monitor trends in these wetland community changes.
A Schematic Improvement In Manufacturing Applications For A Solid Grade Obsidian Mix With Ingridiant Coal Residue By Using Ordinary Fibre -“A Study”

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Coal-based warm power plants have been a key wellspring of energy age in India. The prime waste result of a coal warm power plant is fly fiery remains and base slag. Substantial dumping of these waste items makes lethal condition contamination air, water, and land, other than debilitating human wellbeing. This examination work is done to convey the ideal utilization of fiery debris, to be specific base powder as fine total and fly cinder as mineral filler with common fiber (, for example, sisal fiber) used to ad lib the building properties of bituminous clearing blends. For national intrigue these waste items, which are accessible effortlessly and liberally stick be utilized monetarily for bituminous clearing reason, which at last aides in sparing the normal total assets of the country. In the present examination, thick reviewed bituminous blend examples are readied utilizing regular total as coarse totals, base fiery debris as fine totals, fly powder as filler and sisal fiber as added substance. Extent of total for thick evaluated bituminous macadam (DBM) reviewing has been considered according to MORTH (2013) having ostensible most extreme totals estimate (NMAS) 26.5 mm. To reinforce the blend, moderate setting emulsion (SS1) covered sisal fiber is included shifting level of 0, 0.25%, 0.5%, 0.75%, and 1% by weight of the blend, with various length varieties, for example, 5mm, 10 mm, 15 mm and 20 mm. At the underlying phase of the examination, examples were set up with two sorts of clearing bitumen i.e. VG30 and VG10, out of which the underlying trials came about better Marshall attributes with VG30 bitumen and henceforth was considered for consequent investigation. Definite examination with Marshall test comes about were utilized to decide the marshal qualities, ideal folio content and furthermore ideal fiber content including the ideal length of fiber. Marshall solidness as high as 15kN was acquired with ideal bitumen substance of 5.57%, with ideal fiber substance of 0.5% with ideal fiber length of 10 mm. Further, to deliver the exhibitions of the asphalt, different execution tests were additionally directed, for example, dampness helplessness test, roundabout elasticity (ITS),
Effects of Brand Awareness, Brand Association, Perceived Quality, and Brand Loyalty on Overall Brand Equity in Sport. A Case Study of an Amateur Football Sports Club

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Abstract The primary objective of this research endeavor outlined in the thesis was to evaluate the impact of the individual dimensions of Customer-Based Brand Equity (CBBE) – brand awareness, brand association, perceived quality and brand loyalty – on the overall brand capital of the researched amateur football club Talent Warszawa. The author sought to discern which among the individual dimensions of CBBE exerted the most significant influence on fostering the overall brand capital of the club under examination. A questionnaire was distributed amongst the constituents of Talent Warszawa, including players, parents and guardians, players’ families, and supporters of amateur football. The survey garnered responses from a total of 102 stakeholders affiliated with the club. The reliability of the measurement scale was validated through Cronbach’s Alpha analysis. The findings of the study evince a positive correlation among all variables under scrutiny, encompassing brand awareness, brand association, perceived quality, brand loyalty, and the overarching construct of CBBE. Notably, perceived quality emerged as the factor showing the highest positive correlation (0.88), thus indicating the most robust positive association with CBBE. However, despite the observed positive relationship, brand awareness manifested the lowest correlation with the overall consumer-based brand equity (0.70), relative to the other investigated factors. Using the insights from this study, amateur sports clubs can strategically manage brand elements to foster brand equity, emphasizing the importance of brand awareness as an initial step in building a positive brand image and fostering fan engagement and loyalty. Overall, the findings provide valuable insights into effective brand management strategies for amateur sports clubs to enhance their brand equity and foster enduring relationships with fans.
High energy density laboratory astrophysics

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

High-energy-density (HED) physics refers broadly to the study of macroscopic collections of matter under extreme conditions of temperature and density. The experimental facilities most widely used for these studies are high-power lasers and magnetic-pinch generators. The HED physics pursued on these facilities is still in its infancy, yet new regimes of experimental science are emerging. Examples from astrophysics include work relevant to planetary interiors, supernovae, astrophysical jets, and accreting compact objects (such as neutron stars and black holes). In this paper, we will review a selection of recent results in this new field of HED laboratory astrophysics and provide a brief look ahead to the coming decade.
Vapor-Induced\nLiquid Collection and Microfluidics\non Superlyophilic Substrates

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Liquid\nmanipulation on solid surfaces has attracted a lot of attention\nfor liquid collection and droplet-based microfluidics. However, manipulation\nstrategies mainly depend on chemical modification and artificial structures.\nHere, we demonstrate a feasible and general strategy based on the\nself-shrinkage of the droplet induced via specific vapors to efficiently\ncollect liquids and flexibly carry out droplet-based reactions. The\nvapor-induced self-shrinkage is driven by Marangoni flow originating\nfrom molecular adsorption and diffusion. Under a specific vapor environment,\nthe self-shrinking droplet exhibits unique features including reversible\nresponsiveness, high mobility, and autocoalescence. Accordingly, by\nbuilding a specific vapor environment, the thin liquid films and random\nliquid films on superlyophilic substrates can be recovered with a\ncollection rate of more than 95%. Moreover, the vapor system can be\nused to construct a high-efficiency chemical reaction device. The\nfindings and profound understandings are significant for the development\nof the liquid collection and droplet-based microfluidics.
More Accurate Differential Properties of LED64 and Midori64

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In differential cryptanalysis, a differential is more valuable than the single trail belonging to it in general. The traditional way to compute the probability of the differential is to sum the probabilities of all trails within it. The automatic tool for the search of differentials based on Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) has been proposed and realises the task of finding multiple trails of a given differential. The problem is whether it is reliable to evaluate the probability of the differential traditionally. In this paper, we focus on two lightweight block ciphers – LED64 and Midori64 and show the more accurate estimation of differential probability considering the key schedule. Firstly, an automated tool based on Boolean Satisfiability Problem (SAT) is put forward to accomplish the automatic search of differentials for ciphers with S-boxes and is applied to LED64 and Midori64. Secondly, we provide an automatic approach to detect the right pairs following a given differential, which can be exploited to calculate the differential property. Applying this technique to the STEP function of LED64, we discover some differentials with enhanced probability. As a result, the previous attacks relying upon high probability differentials can be improved definitely. Thirdly, we present a method to compute an upper-bound of the weak-key ratio for a given differential, which is utilised to analyse 4-round differentials of Midori64. We detect two differentials whose weak-key ratios are much lower than the expected 50%. More than 78% of the keys will make these two differentials being impossible differentials. The idea of the estimation for an upper-bound of the weak-key ratio can be employed for other ciphers and allows us to launch differential attacks more reliably. Finally, we introduce how to compute the enhanced differential probability and evaluate the size of keys achieving the improved probability. Such a property may incur an efficient weak-key attack. For a 4-round differential of Midori64, we obtain an improved differential property for a portion of keys.
Ð Ð°ÑÐ¿Ð°ÑÐ°Ð»Ð»ÐµÐ»Ð¸Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ðµ Ð°Ð»Ð³Ð¾ÑÐ¸ÑÐ¼Ð° Ð²ÑÐ´ÐµÐ»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð³ÑÐ°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð¾Ð±ÑÐµÐºÑÐ¾Ð² Ð½Ð° Ð¾ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð²Ðµ ÑÑÑÑÐºÑÑÑÐ½Ð¾-Ð³ÑÐ°ÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð¾ Ð¿ÑÐµÐ´ÑÑÐ°Ð²Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The urgency of the discussed issue is caused by the need to investigate the possibility of parallel algorithms based on the structural and graphic presentation. The main aim of the study is to parallelize the algorithm for finding the boundaries on aerial photographs using structural and graphic form. The methods used in the study are the raster image processing in intelligent navigation and control using linear filters; presenting of algorithms in graph form: the operator tree, flowcharts, data flow graph; designing software by means of the platform .Net and Task Parallel Library. The results: The paper describes the software implementation of the algorithm for finding the boundaries of objects in images using Sobel operator. Software implementation is presented in the structural and graphic form. The authors propose a semi-automatic approach to parallelization of the considered software load. A software algorithm is parallelized and the effectiveness of parallelization for different images is analysis.
Evaluating models of climate and forest vegetation

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Understanding how the biosphere may respond to increasing trace gas concentrations in the atmosphere requires models that contain vegetation responses to regional climate. Most of the processes ecologists study in forests, including trophic interactions, nutrient cycling, and disturbance regimes, and vital components of the world economy, such as forest products and agriculture, will be influenced in potentially unexpected ways by changing climate. These vegetation changes affect climate in the following ways: changing C, N, and S pools; trace gases; albedo; and water balance. The complexity of the indirect interactions among variables that depend on climate, together with the range of different space/time scales that best describe these processes, make the problems of modeling and prediction enormously difficult. These problems of predicting vegetation response to climate warming and potential ways of testing model predictions are the subjects of this chapter.
The Application of Precision Public Health to Vaccinology

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The Precision Public Health Asia Conference was held on 12 July 2023, where a workshop on Precision Public Health in Vaccinology was conducted. This paper is a post-workshop report of the topics discussed, as well as expanding on the discussions that took place. Precision public health in vaccinology has the aim of facilitating the use of the right vaccine in the right population at the right time. The concept is nuanced and requires cooperation between governments, stakeholders, healthcare professionals and the public to be executed successfully. We explore the instances in which precision public health has already been employed in vaccinology, and further expand on the potential use cases, concerns as well as considerations to be made in future programs. Recurring themes gathered from the workshop discussions such as the development process, data in vaccination modeling, geographically targeting vaccine implementation and inter-disciplinary communication especially when there are different perspectives were looked at through a closer lens. There are many considerations to deploy precision public health in a well-executed vaccinology program, and we have highlighted the areas that need further innovation and improvement to achieve real-world public health impact.
Influence of processes of nonlinear transformations of waves in the coastal zone on the height of breaking waves

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Using data from laboratory, field, and numerical experiments, we investigated regularities in changes in the relative limit height of breaking waves (the breaking index) from peculiarities of nonlinear wave transformations and type of wave breaking. It is shown that the value of the breaking index depends on the relative part of the wave energy in the frequency range of the second nonlinear harmonic. If this part is more than 35%, then the breaking index can be taken as a constant equal to 0.6. These waves are spilling breaking waves, asymmetric on the horizontal axis, and are almost symmetric on the vertical axis. If this part of the energy is less than 35%, then the breaking index increases with increasing energy in the frequency range of the second harmonic. These waves are plunging breaking waves, asymmetric on the vertical axis, and are almost symmetric on the horizontal axis. It is revealed that the breaking index depends on the asymmetry of waves on the vertical axis, determined by the phase shift between the first and second nonlinear harmonic (biphase). It is shown that the relation between the amplitudes of the second and first nonlinear harmonics for an Ursell number less than 1 corresponds to Stokes' second-order wave theory. The empirical dependences of the breaking index on the parameters of nonlinear transformation of waves are proposed.
The Electrotechnical Production of Ammonia.

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Electrotechnical Production of Ammonia.Cite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1913, 5, 1, 75Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1913Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1913https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50049a036RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views11Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (169 KB) Get e-Alerts