jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Investigation of Social Isolation in the Elderly and its Related Factors

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Social isolation is a multifactorial problem that leads to destructive consequences due to having unique risks for the physical, mental, and social health of the elderly. Therefore, the present study was conducted to determine social isolation and its related factors in the elderly under the coverage of health centers in Bojnord, Iran. Method: In this cross-sectional, descriptive-analytical study, 605 elderly aged 60 years and above were selected among those under the coverage of health centers in Bojnourd, Iran, using a one-stage cluster sampling method. In order to collect data, valid and reliable questionnaires of demographic characteristics and the Lubben social network scale were completed through an interview with the elderly. Ethical considerations were observed. The data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 24) and statistical tests. Results: The mean age of the elderly was 69.35±7.22 years of whom 52.6% were male. In total, 47.2% of the cases had social isolation. Social isolation showed a statistically significant decrease concerning variables, such as male gender, more children, higher education level, unemployment and retirement, as well as having a house (P<0.05). However, it did not show a statistically significant relationship with age and marital status (married). Conclusion: Healthcare systems should pay more attention to the elderly, especially women with few children, housewives, illiterate and poorly educated, and renters
Dominika Borg Jansson,Modern Slavery: A Comparative Study of the Definition of Trafficking in Persons

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The phenomenon of human trafficking is not diminishing, it is in fact increasing, despite significant international anti-trafficking efforts, and the emphasis placed on the international legal framework to harmonize the criminalization of human trafficking. 1 There is a need to ensure that the scope of human trafficking is understood so that measures to adequately address the situation are effective. The international community has acknowledged the need for a holistic approach that takes into account the impact that this phenomenon has on society as a whole. Dominika Borg Jansson acknowledges this backdrop in her monograph Modern Slavery: A Comparative Study of the Definition of Trafficking in Persons . By situating the low conviction rates of human trafficking at the centre of her research (p 3), the author attempts to determine the cause of the international community’s inability to effectively eradicate the phenomenon. The author ‘argues that part of the reason for this development is inherent in the wording of the relevant trafficking legislation’ (p 1) both domestic and international. Furthermore, Borg Jansson stresses that the crime of human trafficking is a multinational problem that requires a holistic international response, which must be reinforced and supported at a national and regional level (p 61).
DETERMINATION OF CALCIUM IN RAT'S CARDIAC MUSCLE BY AAS

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

An accurate, simple and rapid method was proposed to determine trace amount of calcium in rat's cardiac muscle when insufficient oxygen was provided. The tissue of eardiac muscle was digested in HNO3 and CHIO4 and calcium was determined by AAS. The reeovery of calcium by this method was 94. 78± 5. 77 %. Also the effect of procaine on calcium content in cardiac muscle, as well as that of DNP on over-loaded calcium when normal oxygen supply was restored, were studied.
V2X Application-Reliability Analysis of Data-Rate and Message-Rate Congestion Control Algorithms

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) require Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communication. In dense traffic, the communication channel may become congested, impairing the reliability of the ITS safety applications. Therefore, European Telecommunications Standard Institute (ETSI) demands Decentralized Congestion Control (DCC) to control the channel load. Our objective is to investigate whether message-rate or data-rate congestion control provides better application reliability. We compare LIMERIC and PDR-DCC as representatives of the two principles. We analyzed the application reliability of LIMERIC with different data-rates and PDR-DCC with different message-rates for varying traffic densities and application requirements. We observed that, for applications with demanding requirements and in a large variety of vehicular densities, PDR-DCC (data-rate) provides more reliable communication support than LIMERIC (message-rate). Furthermore, the study hints that a combined message-rate and data-rate congestion control can improve reliability further.
What’s for dinner? How sex and size affect the diet of Trionyx triunguis across Africa

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ow species interact with their environments is critical to ensuring proper conservation action. Interactions come in many forms, but one of the most basic and least studied for tropical freshwater chelonians seems to be their diet, a proxy for determining generalist versus specialist species. Even less represented in the scientific literature on chelonians are studies of intraspecific variation in diet, specifically dietary differences between the sexes and ontogenetic shifts in diet for large-bodied species. Herein, we investigate the diets of male, female and juvenile (< 25 cm SLC) Trionyx triunguis in both their east and west African range to evaluate differences and measure their dietary generalism. We found ontogenetic and location-based dietary differences. Keywords: geographical comparison, omnivory, ontogeny, softshell, turtles
Immunogenicity and protection induced by a Mycobacterium tuberculosis sigE mutant in a BALB/c mouse model of progressive pulmonary tuberculosis.

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Tuberculosis is still one of the main challenges to human global health, leading to about two million deaths every year. One of the reasons for its success is the lack of efficacy of the widely used vaccine Mycobacterium bovis BCG. In this article, we analyze the potential use of an attenuated mutant of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv lacking the sigma factor sigma(E) as a live vaccine. We have demonstrated that BALB/c mice infected by the intratracheal route with this mutant strain showed significantly higher survival rates and less tissue damage than animals infected with the parental or complemented mutant strain. Although animals infected with the sigE mutant had low bacillary loads, their lungs showed significantly higher production of the protective factors gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and beta-defensins than those of animals infected with the parental or complemented mutant strain. Moreover, we demonstrate that the sigE mutant, when inoculated subcutaneously, was more attenuated than BCG in immunodeficient nude mice, thus representing a good candidate for a novel attenuated live vaccine strain. Finally, when we used the sigE mutant as a subcutaneous vaccine, it was able to induce a higher level of protection than did BCG with both H37Rv and a highly virulent strain of M. tuberculosis (Beijing code 9501000). Taken together, our findings suggest that the sigE mutant is a very promising strain for the development of a new vaccine against tuberculosis.
[Correlations of congenital femoral dislocation and scoliosis].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In the article is analysed the state of spine and hip joints on the basis of comparative appreciation of orthospondylometric and coxometric data in accordance with the roentgenograms in anteroposterior projection. It has been revealed that the point in common between the congenital hip dislocation and scoliosis is the same dysplastic essence. Biomechanical changes, which take part in this community, determine the final formation of pathology of spine and hip joints. In the process of examination of children with congenital hip dislocation recommended detection and preventive treatment of the spine changes and in case of spine pathology the hip joint pathology should be looked for.
Alpine marmots (Marmota marmota) adjust vigilance behaviour according to environmental characteristics of their surrounding

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Predation risk can strongly affect behaviour of preys, and natural selection should have favoured the evolution of behavioural plasticity in the strategies used to avoid predation. The level of predation risk can be affected by environmental characteristics and we expect individuals to adjust vigilance behaviour to the level of risk. In this study we investigate if Alpine marmots (Marmota marmota) living in an area delimited by the forest and with scarce visibility (Closed Site) differ in their vigilance behaviour from marmots inhabiting an open meadow further away from the forest edge and with greater visibility (Open Site). The rate of vigilance and the time spent vigilant in the Closed Site were higher than in the Open Site, while the mean duration of each vigilance bout did not differ between the two sites. Our results suggest that Alpine marmots adjust vigilance behaviour according to the environmental characteristics of their surroundings while there appears to exist an optimal duration of scan bouts which is independent of relative predation risk.
Optimal Design and Performance Analysis of Double Stator Multi-Excitation Flux-Switching Machine

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Due to its special partitioned stator structure and multi-excitation with two different types of permanent magnet, a new double-stator multi-excitation flux-switching machine (DSME-FSM) has advantages of high torque density, wide speed range, and low cost. For this kind of machine with complex structure, in order to realize the optimization accurately and efficiently, a multi-objective comprehensive optimal design method considering the different weights of the design objectives is presented based on parameters sensitivity analysis and genetic algorithm optimization in this paper. The parametric model of the machine is built up, and a trade-off objective function considering the different weights of the design objectives is defined. The key size parameters with strong sensitive are selected through parameters sensitivity analysis and then optimized by using the genetic algorithm method. The performance comparison between the initial and the optimized machines verifies the proposed optimization method. The anti-demagnetization property and the flux-weakening capability for a wide-speed range operation are also analyzed, which further confirms the DSME-FSM an interesting candidate for EV propulsion.
Mortality due to motorcycle accidents in mexico

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Population Medicine considers the following types of articles:• Research Papers -reports of data from original research or secondary dataset analyses.• Review Papers -comprehensive, authoritative, reviews within the journal's scope.These include both systematic reviews and narrative reviews.• Short Reports -brief reports of data from original research.• Policy Case Studies -brief articles on policy development at a regional or national level.• Study Protocols -articles describing a research protocol of a study.• Methodology Papers -papers that present different methodological approaches that can be used to investigate problems in a relevant scientific field and to encourage innovation.• Methodology Papers -papers that present different methodological approaches that can be used to investigate problems in a relevant scientific field and to encourage innovation.
Introduction

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract The introduction argues that James’s work is best understood as impression-driven rather than impressionist. It allies the book with those critics who take a philosophical view of literary impressionism, while arguing that the book’s approach complements more historicist views of literary impressionism of the last decade. It emphasizes that this book’s contribution lies in: its belief that James has a greater debt to the impressions of pre-impressionist painters than to those of impressionist painters; its greater emphasis on the making of, rather than the receiving of, impressions, and its use of theories of the performative to conceptualize this; and in the detailed intellectual and cultural history of the impression that it offers, which helps the book tell a new story about James’s artistic, philosophical, and psychological influences.
OP069 [Quality and Safety » Errors]: TARGETING ZERO MEDICATION ADMINISTRATION ERRORS IN PEDIATRIC INTENSIVE CARE UNIT: A QUALITY IMPROVEMENT PROJECT

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Alali, H.; Ghezaywi, Z.; Mei Ling, C.; Esabia, J.; Al Ahmady, A.; Awani, M.; Murabi, I.; Mncube, O.; Menez, A.; Alsamri, A.; Al Shehri, A.; Antar, M.; Kazzaz, Y. Author Information
Identification of a region of frequent loss of heterozygosity at 11q24 in colorectal cancer.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at 11q23-qter occurs frequently in ovarian and other cancers, but for colorectal cancer, the evidence is conflicting. Seven polymorphic loci were analyzed between D11S897 and D11S969 in 50 colorectal tumors. Two distinct LOH regions were detected, suggesting possible sites for tumor-suppressor genes involved in colorectal neoplasia: a large centromeric region between D11S897 and D11S925, and a telomeric 4.9-Mb region between D11S912 and D11S969. There was no correlation with clinicopathological features. This analysis describes a region of LOH in the region 11q23.3-24.3 for the first time in colorectal cancer and provides complementary evidence for the ongoing effort to identify the gene(s) involved.
Characteristics of Voicing Source Waveforms Produced by Esophageal and Tracheoesophageal Speakers

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Voicing source waveforms produced by 10 laryngectomized esophageal speakers, 12 laryngectomized tracheoesophageal speakers, and 10 age-matched, normal male speakers were obtained by inversely filtering flow functions recorded with a circumferentially vented mask. The data from these speakers was used to evaluate differences in source signal properties on a group basis. In a second analysis, source signals produced by a single laryngectomized individual, capable of producing esophageal and tracheoesophageal speech in a highly proficient manner, were analyzed and compared. The overall results of this project provide an initial and novel description of voicing source signals produced by esophageal and tracheoesophageal speakers. The characteristics of these signals appear to be highly variable, particularly in comparison with the homogeneous pattern of source waves produced by age-matched, normal speakers. This initial description of voicing source signals produced by alaryngeal speakers is generally supportive of the hypothesis of differences in source properties among normal, esophageal, and tracheoesophageal voices.
Vertical mechanical property of elastomeric isolators with ultra-low hardness

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The intention of this paper is to know the vertical mechanical property of LNR and LRB with shear modulus 0.196 MPa(simplified as G2).Test method is adopted,and different diameters of G2-LNR and G2-LRB are employed.The dependence of vertical sfiffness of LNR and LRB on vertical pressure and shear strain and the vertical added displacement of isolators at different continuous strain stages are measured.Other isolators with the same diameter,in which the value of G is about 0.392 MPa,is used to test comparatively.Test results of isolators with G2 are compared to the theory results.Test results show that vertical stiffness of G2-LNR will increase linearly with pressure increasing and the static vertical stiffness of that decrease linearly with shear strain increasing.It also shows that the vertical stiffness of G2-LRB will increase nonlinearly with the pressure increasing,but there is no clear law to be founded that the vertical stiffness of that changes with shear strain changing.The comparison between the static vertical stiffness of isolator with G2 and the theory calculation values shows that there is a major error in the great shear strain stage especially.During the test,the static vertical stiffness of isolator with G2 can't reflect the real one in the different continuous shear displacements.the formula based on Tengtianlongshi′s idea about flap area should be mentioned and the calculation results of vertical added drop from it can meet the test results well.
Evolutionary relationships of EBLV-1 (a) and EBLV-2 strains (b) with a focus on 400 nucleotides long N-gene sequences (nt positions 1–400, numbering according to EF157976) derived from this study (boldface).

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

<p>The Neighbor-Joining method (p-distance, 1000 pseudoreplicates) as implemented in MEGA 5 was used. Sequence number 998 LS represents the identical sequences 959, 5300, 5304, 7471, 7467, 11647, 15730, 16902, 16908, 18720, 21836, 24525, 24529, 24832, 25495, 31054.</p>
Comparison of in vitro activity of various macrolides against Helicobacter pylori

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Objective. Compare the in vitro activity of clarithromycin, erythromycin, azithromycin and josamycin against the collection of H. pylori strains isolated in 2010–2017 in Smolensk. Materials and Methods. H. pylori strains were collected prospectively from biopsy specimens of the gastric mucosa. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of H. pylori was performed by the agar dilution method. Interpretation of the results of the susceptibility determination for clarithromycin was carried out in accordance with the recommendations of EUCAST (v 8.0) 2018. The resistance breakpoints for erythromycin, azithromycin, and josamycin were all set at ≥1.0 mg/L. For comparison of the results, the value of the minimal inhibitory concentrations of the tested antibiotic inhibiting the growth of 50% (MIC50) and 90% (MIC90) of H. pylori strains was used. Results. A total of 276 H. pylori strains were tested. 90% of the MIC values of clarithromycin were in the range from 0.015 to 0.125 mg/l. The percentages of resistance were as follows: clarithromycin 5.1%, azithromycin 7.5%, erythromycin 8%, josamycin 23.2%. Clarithromycin demonstrated significantly higher activity in suppressing the growth of H. pylori strains than azithromycin, erythromycin, and josamycin. Conclusions. Among the tested macrolide antibiotics maximal anti-H. pylori activity in vitro was observed in clarithromycin.
A Relevant Comparison Between Buprenorphine And Methadone in Various Aspects

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

In 1974, FDA approved Methadone, an opioid agonist for Methadone Maintenance Therapy (MMT), a well-known rehabilitation program for opioid use disorder. Due to severe side effects of Methadone including withdrawal, relapse, respiratory depression, and death, FDA restricted MMT to be managed under the supervision of opioid licensed facility in inpatient settings. Opioid dependence due to chronic pain and subsequent addiction in US has increased enormously in the last two decades and has led to an emergent need of a flexible treatment method that has minimal side effects, is cost effective and can be prescribed in office-based settings. In 2002, FDA approved Buprenorphine, a partial opioid agonist, which meets the above-mentioned criteria (1). To demonstrate that Buprenorphine is a drug of choice for opioid addiction, I searched three relevant databases, PubMed, PsycINFO and Web of Knowledge. Based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, I narrowed my search from 149 to 35 articles, then selected 3 most relevant articles and validated them via number of times these articles were used as a reference (time cited) and retrieved 25 similar articles that are present in my reference list. These 25 articles validated that Buprenorphine is efficacious, easily accessible, has less side effects and can be used in pregnancy, HIV and neonate when compared to Methadone.
STUDY ON THE BIG PURSE SEINERS FISHERY IN THE JAVA SEA VII. Environment of the Java Sea. * (Lingkungan Perairan Laut Jawa)

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Oceanographic phenomena are essential determining factors in the distribut- ion of pelagic species and their abundance in certain sectors. The hydrology of the Java Sea is not well known, for no data covering several annual cycles ia available. A review of the studies made since 1910 has proved that, despite virtually a closed sea, the Java Sea is a centre of important water movements depending on the monsoon regime which has a great effect on its hydrological system. Salinity rates fluctuate considerably, whereas thos of temperatures very little. There is an average abudance of nutrient salts. ABSTRAK : Fenomena Oseanografi merupakan faktor esensial untuk mengetahui distribusi belum banyak diketahui karena kurangnya sumber data pendukung tahunan yang teratur yang dapat digunakan, Telaah dan studi lingkungan sudah ada mulai dari tahun 1910-an walaupun masih serba terbatas. Laut Jawa termasuk perairan penting karena gerakkan airnya tergantung dari keadaan musim (monsoon) yang dampaknya berpengaruh pada sistem hidrologinya. Fluktuasi kadar garamnya berbeda nyata, sedangkan perbedaan suhu perairan di sepanjang tahun tidak begitu menyolok. dan kelimpahan jenis-jenis ikan pelagis. Keadaan hidrologi Laut Jawa mas& I
An imbalance in the Local Galactic halo?

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

In a kinematically biased sample of 119 single halo stars, 65 percent of the stars are traveling away from the plane of the Galaxy. Halo spectroscopic binaries do not show this imbalance. Other kinematically biased halo surveys exhibit the same effect. Combining these samples with those of the authors' results in 223 halo stars, 63 percent of which are heading away from the plane of the Galaxy. The probability that the first result could be obtained from a symmetric w velocity distribution is 0.2 percent; the probability that the second result could be so obtained is 0.02 percent. Single halo stars traveling away from the disk appear to have a larger w velocity dispersion than those traveling toward it. Selection effects are analyzed and rejected as the cause of the observed asymmetry. Possible mechanisms for producing the imbalance are discussed, but each has serious difficulties accounting for the observations.
[Functional assessment of the hepatic arterial blood flow by pharmacoradiography (author's transl)].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

By means of celiacography it was possible to demonstrate that parenteral medication with parathormone creates a selective dilatation of the liver vessels in man, provided that they are dilatable. This hemodynamic hormone effect could not be traced in the other mesenteric vessels. The increase of portal hypertension resulting from cirrhosis leads to a loss of the dilating ability of liver vessels. This regressive reaction is well demonstrated on the parathormon-celiaco-gram. Thus a functional assessment of the hepatic blood flow is possible. The extent of the dilatability of the liver artery seems to be of great importance for the prognosis and indication of the porto-systemic shunt-operation. Moreover we could show that an increase in the liver perfusion demonstrates pathologic liver processes in a better way.