jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Review of Signal Processing Techniques and Machine Learning Algorithms for Power Quality Analysis

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The issue of power quality (PQ) has become more prominent over the last few decades as the demand of clean and high quality power is increasing around the globe. The effect of power quality disturbances on the equipment most of the time is very destructive, usually generates disruptions, which consecutively affects the other load connected to the power systems. The main purpose of this article is to present a comprehensive review of various power quality analysis techniques such as heuristic optimization, signal processing, machine learning, neural networks, artificial intelligence, and hardware implementation, so that a brief overview will be presented to the researcher and power engineers working in the field of power quality. Additionally, a comparative analysis is also reported on various methods based on several criteria including timing and accuracy, use of industrial and non‐industrial data set, noisy and noiseless conditions, and finally single and multiple power quality events for analysis. More than 200 research publications are included for analysis and listed in reference so that it will be easy for the researcher in the domain of power quality to explore the possibility of further improvement in this field.
Snow Country: Skiing, Globalization, and Rural Economic Development in Japan

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Hokkaido’s Niseko region is now Japan’s most famous ski destination, attracting tens of thousands of winter recreationalists each winter to its powder-draped slopes. The overwhelming majority of these skiers and snowboarders are now foreigners. Yet, just fifteen years ago the mountain and its ski resorts were practically unknown outside of the country. This thesis examines the area’s rapid transition to a globalized tourism model and discusses why this occurred, how it has positively and negatively impacted the surrounding towns, and what other Japanese rural municipalities can learn from Niseko’s development experience. Following Pred (1984), the case study is contextually located across several intersections, including the area’s and Hokkaido’s historical legacies, the individual biographies of regional stakeholders, and the tension between localities and globalization in the process of place-making. The present study was conducted from the summer of 2015 to the spring of 2016, and focused on personal interviews with area government officials and local residents that have been involved with Niseko’s rapid change. The thesis first covers the evolution of mountain recreation and skiing in Japan, then moves to an overview of the Niseko region. It details the economic and demographic benefits that inbound tourism has brought, as well as the negative consequences of the area’s largely unmanaged tourism industry and the difficulties it has faced in its efforts to become a year-round destination. Before concluding, several proposals are offered that might assist other areas seeking to capitalize on or increase inbound visitation to their regions. By looking at globalized ski tourism in Niseko, this study highlights a potential new paradigm for revitalization efforts in Japanese rural communities.
Alternobaric Effects on the Endolymph

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Hearing loss and vertigo experienced as a result of environmental pressure change has been the subject of many superficial inquiries. The mechanism of these conditions remains obscure. In human volunteers and a rhesus monkey, the effects of intratympanic as well as ear canal pressure changes on the endolymphatic system were measured using electronystagmography (ENG). For the monkey histological evaluation of the pressure effects on auditory structures was performed. We were unable to cause any ENG effects on the monkey neither did we produce intracochlear pathology. The data obtained in humans using a similar approach are presented and explanations for the mechanism related to hearing loss and vertigo in barotrauma are discussed.
Laser wakefield acceleration with active feedback at 5 Hz

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The data and code used to produce the plots in Dann et al., "Laser wakefield acceleration with active feedback at 5 Hz", Phys. Rev. Accel. Beams (2019). This is a sub-set of the data collected during an experiment investigating the use of active feedback in laser wakefield acceleration driven by a 5 Hz, 20 TW laser. The complete data set weighed in at over 800 GB, so this only includes the data used in the above-mentioned publication.
(Invited) Prediction of Electrode-Electrolyte Degradation through First-Principles and Data-Driven Reaction Networks

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Despite decades of work, there is still considerable uncertainty regarding the major components of the solid-electrolyte interface (SEI) and its dynamic formation mechanism as a function of electrolyte and anode composition. Here we present a our data-driven first-principles framework using a combination of high-throughput calculations, reaction networks, machine learning and microkinetic modeling. Our automated methodology is based on a systematic generation of relevant species using a general fragmentation/recombination procedure which provides the basis for a vast thermodynamic reaction landscape, calculated with density functional theory. We explore this landscape using stochastic methods and shortest pathfinding algorithms, which yield the most likely reaction pathways which are then refined with transition state calculations and kinetic information. The results of the framework show promise in being able to automatically recover previous insights on single reaction pathways, as well as successfully predicting the early dynamics and competitive nature of the SEI formation. As examples, we present i) formation mechanisms of LEMC as compared to LEDC and ii) recover the Peled-like separation of the SEI into inorganic and organic domains resulting from rich reactive competition. By conducting accelerated simulations at elevated temperature, we track SEI evolution, confirming the postulated reduction of lithium ethylene monocarbonate to dilithium ethylene monocarbonate and hydrogen gas. Relevant for future reaction networks, we use first-principles methods to uncover new mechanistic understanding of decomposition pathways for LiPF 6 and EC, the latter under oxidative conditions. These findings furnish fundamental insights into the dynamics of SEI formation and demonstrate a path forward toward a predictive understanding of electrochemical passivation.
Effects of liraglutide on the expressions of transforming growth factor-β1 and type 1 collagen in myocardial tissue of type 2 diabetic rats

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Objective
To investigate the effects and underlying mechanisms of different doses of liraglutide on the expressions of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and type 1 collagen (Col-1) in myocardial tissue of rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods
A total of 40 healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats aged 4 weeks and weighing (200±20) g were selected and divided into normal control group (group N, 10 rats) and model group (30 rats) according to random number table. Rats in the model group were given high glucose and high fat diet for 8 weeks, and then were injected with 1% streptozotocin into the abdominal cavity in a single dose of 30 mg/kg after molding. Rats in the model group were further divided into three groups: T2DM group (group D, 8 rats), low-dose intervention group (group LD, 7 rats) and high-dose intervention group (group LG, 7 rats). Rats in LD and LG groups were injected with 50 μg/kg or 200 μg/kg liraglutide intraperitoneal twice daily whereas rats in group D were given equal volume of saline. At the end of 8 weeks, all the rats were weighed and anaesthetized to collect blood samples for the tests of blood glucose, blood lipid and other biochemical indexes. The myocardial tissues were collected to study the pathological changes under light microscope after HE staining. The expressions of TGF-β1 and Col-1 were detected by immunohistochemical method, and the expressions of TGF-β1 and Col-1 mRNA were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction method. Differences among groups were compared by one-way analysis of variance, pairwise comparison was conducted by using LSD-t test.

Results
(1) Compared with group N, the collagen fibers in cardiac myocytes and their interstitium were scattered and arranged in disorder, and the level of TGF-β1 and Col-1 mRNA were increased significantly in group D (0.90±0.23 vs 0.18±0.06, 2.63±1.84 vs 0.52±0.11, t=19.108, 22.779, respectively, all P<0.05). (2) Compared with group D, the degree of myocardial fibrosis and the level of TGF-β1 and Col-1 mRNA in group LD and group LG were decreased (TGF-β1 and Col-1 mRNA in group LD were 0.46±0.13 vs 0.90±0.23, 1.43±0.32 vs 2.63±1.84, t=21.135, 23.548, respectively; those in group LG were 0.29±0.06 vs 0.90±0.23, 0.89±0.12 vs 2.63±1.84, t=18.398, 20.159, respectively, all P<0.05), and the above changes were dose-dependent.

Conclusion
Liraglutide may inhibit fibrosis by down-regulating the expression of TGF-β1 and finally the formation of Col-1. Therefore, liraglutide may possess anti-myocardial fibrosis effect, which may delay the occurrence and development of myocardial lesions in T2DM.

Key words:
Diabetes mellitus, type 2; Diabetic cardiomyopathies; Glucagon-like peptide 1; Collagen, type Ⅰ; Transforming growth factor beta1
Efficient Link Prediction in Continuous-Time Dynamic Networks using Optimal Transmission and Metropolis Hastings Sampling

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Efficient link prediction in continuous-time dynamic networks is a challenging problem that has attracted much research attention in recent years. A widely used approach to dynamic network link prediction is to extract the local structure of the target link through temporal random walk on the network and learn node features using a coding model. However, this approach often assumes that candidate temporal neighbors follow some certain types of distributions, which may be inappropriate for real-world networks, thereby incurring information loss. To address this limitation, we propose a framework in continuous-time dynamic networks based on Optimal Transmission (OT) and Metropolis Hastings (MH) sampling (COM). Specifically, we use optimal transmission theory to calculate the Wasserstein distance between the current node and the time-valid candidate neighbors to minimize information loss in node information propagation. Additionally, we employ the MH algorithm to obtain higher-order structural relationships in the vicinity of the target link, as it is a Markov Chain Monte Carlo method and can flexibly simulate target distributions with complex patterns. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed method through experiments on eight datasets from different fields.
Changes in CD23 expression of blood and skin in atopic eczema after Chinese herbal therapy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background Aberrant expression of CD23 (low affinity IgE receptor) on cells of the monocyte/macrophage series in peripheral blood and lesional skin of patients with atopic eczema has been demonstrated. It is not known whether this abnormality results from a fundamental systemic problem of the monocytes of these patients or reflects local changes to cell populations within the skin tissues. Objectives This study was designed to determine whether this aberrant expression was caused by local cutaneous influences on mature cells or fundamental changes in monocyte differentiation. The possible relationship between these aberrations and clinical severity was also investigated by repeating these immunopathological studies after a course of efficacious treatment with Chinese herbal therapy (CHT). Methods Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were obtained from patients with atopic eczema before, and after 8 weeks of treatment. Efficacy of CHT was quantified on clinical grounds. Monocytes were isolated by adherence to plastic and cultured for up to 7 days. Samples were harvested at 2, 5 and 7 days of culture and cytospins prepared. Immunocytochemical staining to identify phenotypic subsets was performed on the monocytes at time 0 and on maturing cells from culture. This immunocytology was quantified using computerized image analysis equipment to determine the emergence of macrophage subsets and their level of CD23 expression. Biopsies were taken from lesional skin before and after treatment and immunohistology was performed on cryostat sections to determine the number of antigen presenting cells expressing CD23 as well as the level of expression of these molecules. Results The results showed that increased numbers of monocytes from patients with atopic eczema express CD23 at day 0 and that cultured monocytes from these patients differentiate faster during the 7 day culture period as compared to normal controls. Efficacious treatment did not affect the number of peripheral blood monocytes expressing CD23. However, treatment did lead to a significant decrease in the number of CD23 + mature macrophages in the skin as well as a reduction in the level of expression of this moiety. These results demonstrate that changes in clinical severity are more closely related to the expression of CD23 on mature antigen presenting cells in lesional skin rather than to differentiating peripheral blood monocyte CD23 expression. Conclusions These results suggests that local factors within lesional skin govern the accumulation and the expression of CD23 on mature macrophages and that these factors may be more relevant to the pathogenesis of the disease than aberrations in CD23 expression that may occur systemically.
SOLITONIC STATES IN ORGANIC CONDUCTING POLYMERS

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

In a typical solitonic distribution, the soliton density is distributed over the entire molecule and the present work shows how its density can be decomposed into solitonic and antisolitonic components. It is found that there exists a unique electron as soliton over the anionic nanoconductor, while there are many other solitons and antisolitons. The solitonic states are further decomposed to the canonical molecule orbitals including the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO), and it is concluded that LUMO is not necessarily occupied by one electron in the studied molecules. Also, analogous electrons were found to be responsible for spin separation which is revealed from distinct contributions in different molecular regions of the nanoconductor.
p53 terminates the regenerative fetal-like state after colitis-associated injury

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Cells that lack p53 signaling frequently occur in ulcerative colitis (UC) and are considered early drivers in UC-associated colorectal cancer (CRC). Epithelial injury during colitis is associated with transient stem cell reprogramming from the adult, homeostatic to a “fetal-like” regenerative state. Here, we use murine and organoid-based models to study the role of Trp53 during epithelial reprogramming. We find that p53 signaling is silent and dispensable during homeostasis but strongly up-regulated in the epithelium upon DSS-induced colitis. While in WT cells this causes termination of the regenerative state, crypts that lack Trp53 remain locked in the highly proliferative, regenerative state long-term. The regenerative state in WT cells requires high Wnt signaling to maintain elevated levels of glycolysis. Instead, Trp53 deficiency enables Wnt-independent glycolysis due to overexpression of rate-limiting enzyme PKM2. Our study reveals the context-dependent relevance of p53 signaling specifically in the injury-induced regenerative state, explaining the high abundance of clones lacking p53 signaling in UC and UC-associated CRC.
RBF approach for trajectory interpolation in self-organizing map based condition monitoring

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Self-organizing map trajectory interpolation using radial basis functions is proposed for process condition monitoring. Self-organizing maps are a powerful means to visualize the state of a process. However, a quantization process takes place when input vectors are mapped onto the grid (output) space. The discrete nature of the output space gives rise to a considerable loss of information which is particularly harmful to detect incipient faults which are often revealed by drifts or slight changes in the state trajectory. A continuous projection from the input space onto the SOM grid space using RBF-based interpolation is proposed and tested with experimental data.
Alternative energy management strategies for large industry in non-gas-grid regions using on-farm biomethane

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

A methodology was developed to determine the location and biomethane potential of on-farm biomass feedstocks and furthermore, the quantity of this biomass situated away from an existing gas grid network. The development of decentralised systems which can be integrated with large industry in such locations offers a potential alternative deployment opportunity to centralised gas grid injection. The total biomethane resource from all on-farm feedstocks in a chosen case country (Ireland) was estimated at 67 PJ. Thematic maps were developed to show the quantity of each on-farm feedstock in different regions of Ireland and their distance from the existing gas network. Approximately 17% of the on-farm biomethane resource in Ireland, though in excess of 15 km from the grid, was within a 15 km radius of a large energy user. Two large energy users were presented as case studies, of which their entire heating demand could be met by the on-farm biomethane resource within a 2.5 km radius of each site. Coupling decentralised biomass with large industry users can potentially offer an alternative energy management strategy.
Construction of ceRNA network and key gene screening in cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: This study aimed to construct an endogenous competition network for cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions using differential gene screening. Methods: GSE149763 was used to screen differentially expressed long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and mRNAs to predict correlated microRNAs (miRNAs). The correlated miRNAs and GSE105409 were used to screen differentially expressed miRNAs for differential co-expression analysis, and the co-expressed differentially expressed miRNAs were used to predict correlated mRNAs. Differentially expressed mRNAs, miRNAs, and lncRNAs were visualized, and differential gene screening, enrichment, and pathway analysis were performed. Results: The ceRNA network of cervical squamous intraepithelial was successfully established and a potential differentially expressed network was identified. The key genes were VEGFA and FOS, and the key pathway was the MAPK signaling pathway. Conclusions: The differential expression and potential effects of the lncRNA BACH1-IT1/miR-140-5p/VEGFA axis, key genes, VEGFA and FOS, and MAPK signaling in CIN were clarified, and the occurrence and potential effects of CIN were further clarified. The underlying molecular mechanism provides a certain degree of reference for subsequent treatments and experimental research.
Revealing magnetic correlations in ferromagnetic alloys with polarized SANS

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract We search for magnetic correlations at the nanoscale in a ferromagnetic alloy with low critical temperature T c and reduced magnetic moments. We present a small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) study of the binary alloy Ni 0.89 V 0.11 close to the quantum critical point where the ferromagnetic order is destroyed towards a paramagnetic phase by sufficient V concentration. We demonstrate the challenge and the advantage of a fully polarized SANS analysis to discriminate the small magnetic components from the dominant nuclear contributions. We focus on the azimuthal angle dependence of selected cross sections, like pure spin-flip and non spin-flip asymmetry, to finally reveal magnetic contributions at different length scales.
High‐Performance Li‐O2 Batteries Enabled by Dibenzo‐24‐Crown‐8 Aldehyde Derivative as Electrolyte Additives

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Aprotic Li‐O 2 batteries (LOB) with high theoretical energy density usually experience cathode clogging by insoluble Li 2 O 2 , along with high charge overpotential from its insulating nature. A dibenzo‐24‐crown‐8 aldehyde derivative (DB24C8A) is employed as an additive to enhance the binding strength with Li + , hence promoting the solubility of Li 2 O 2 . The generated [DB24C8A•Li + ] avoids the parasitic reactions caused by reactive O 2 − . Thus, the LOB achieves a large discharge capacity of 6939 mAh g −1 at 200 mA g −1 and a high Li 2 O 2 yield (≈93%). Moreover, DB24C8A facilitates the efficient decomposition of Li 2 O 2 via Li + coordination during the charge process, reducing the charge overpotential to 0.77 V and prolonging the lifetime of the LOB over 213 cycles at 1000 mAh g −1 and 500 mA g −1 . This work provides a novel approach to boost the performance of LOB by incorporation of crown ether‐based compounds to regulate the Li 2 O 2 growth and decomposition pathway.
Joint symbolic dynamics as an effective approach to study the influence of respiratory phase on baroreflex function

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This study sought to employ a novel approach based on joint symbolic dynamics (JSD) to study the influence of respiratory phase on baroreflex function. We recorded electrocardiograms (ECG), blood pressure and respiration in 10 (5 male/5 female) healthy experienced athletes. For our analysis, time series of R-R intervals and systolic blood pressure were extracted, and respiratory phases were obtained using the Hilbert transform. Based on the changes between successive values, each series was transformed into binary symbol vectors, and words of length '2' were formed. From parallel analysis of the symbolic dynamics in the three time series, the relationship between respiratory phases and baroreflex function was quantified. We analysed baroreflex patterns via different word combinations for specific respiratory phases and observed that baroreflex patterns occurred at similar frequency during expiration, inspiration and phase transitions (25.0±14.4% vs. 33.4±19.5%, expiration-inspiration: 25.0±12.6% and inspiration-expiration: 22.1±17.4%, respectively). From this study, it appears that JSD provides a novel and efficient technique for the combined analysis of interactions between respiration, heart rate and blood pressure.
Comparison of Different Sequence Alignment Methods- A Survey

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Bioinformatics is a promising and inventive research field. Biological Sequence alignment is the inborn part of bioinformatics, which helps to find similarity between biological sequences i.e. DNA and protein. Alignment of biological sequences helps to discover functional and structural similarity of sequences. The biological sequence database has been expanding rapidly due to new sequences being found, which has raised the demand to employ more efficient and fast algorithm. There has been an eruption algorithm in the past few decades to find optimal or nearly-optimal alignments. This paper is focused on the popular sequence alignment algorithms. Different types of alignment method have been discussed on the basis of their optimality and approximate solutions. It has been studied that optimal algorithms, which are based on dynamic programming are giving exact solutions. But these are highly computationally complexed. The stochastic optimization methods has been chosen from literature as the potential candidates for the solution of complex multiple sequence alignments with better speed and care.