jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Scrambling horizontal face structure: behavioral and electrophysiogical evidence for a tuning of visual face processing to horizontal information

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Filtering faces to remove all but the horizontal information largely preserves behavioral signatures of face-specific processing, including the face inversion effect (FIE). Conversely, preserving only vertical information abolishes this effect. In contrast to previous studies which used filtering, the present studies manipulated orientation content of face images by randomizing Fourier phase spectrum in a narrow horizontal orientation band (H-randomization) or vertical orientation band (V-randomization). Phase-randomization was performed on face images in which spatial frequency amplitude spectrum (SF-AS) was either left unaltered or equalized across all SF orientations. We further investigated the time course of horizontal tuning using event-related potentials (ERP). We observed that (i) upright faces were best discriminated when the horizontal structure was preserved (ie V-randomization) compared to H-randomization; (ii) this phase-randomization effect was eliminated by inversion, resulting in (iii) a smaller FIE for H-randomized than V-randomized faces. This pattern was still present but was less consistent when SF-AS was equalized across SF orientations, suggesting that SF-AS in horizontal orientation contributes to the horizontal tuning of face perception. ERP evidence of horizontal tuning for upright face processing was observed in the N170 time-window, a well-known face-sensitive electrophysiological component. The N170 was delayed for H-randomized compared to V-randomized faces. Additionally, and in line with behavioural data, face inversion increased N170 latency to a smaller extent for H-randomized compared to V-randomized. Altogether, our findings indicate that horizontal tuning is a robust property of face perception that arises early in high-level visual cortex.
DIGITAL ACCOUNTS AFTER DEATH: A CASE STUDY IN IRAN LAW

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In recent times, cyberspace is being widely used so that everyone has a digital account. It naturally entails its own legal issues. Undoubtedly, one of the main issues is that what fate awaits the account and its content upon the account holder’s death? This issue has been neglected not only by the primary creators of digital accounts but also by many legal systems in the world, including Iran. To answer this question, we first need to distinguish between the account and the information contained therein. The account belongs to the company that creates it and allows the user to use it only. Hence, following the death of the account holder, the account will be lost but the information will remain because it was created by him/her and thus belongs to him/her. However, does this mean that the information will be inherited by the user’s heirs after his/her death? Can the user exercise his/her right to transfer account content to a devisee through a testament? Comparing digital information with corporeal property, some commentators believe that the property will be inherited like corporeal property. This is a wrong deduction because the corporeal property can disclose the privacy of the owner and third parties less than the one in cyberspace. This paper aims to show what happens to a digital account after its user passes away and examine the subject using the content analysis method in various legal systems in the world, especially in Iran as a case study. The required information is collected from law books, articles, doctrines, case laws, and relevant laws and regulations of different countries. To protect the privacy interests of the deceased and others, it is concluded that the financially valuable information published by the account holder before his/her death can be transferred to successors. As a rule, the information that may violate privacy by divulging should be removed. However, given that this information may be a valuable source in the future to know about the present, legislators are suggested to make digital information, which may no longer lead to the invasion of the decedent’s privacy, available to the public after a long time.
[Granuloma or cyst? The unknown chronic periapical lesion].

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

The periapical lesions, granuloma and cyst, are being dealt with in modern scientific articles. The ethiology, whether it be infectious, traumatic, physical or chemical, is reviewed and mention is made of the fact that pulpal necrosis or gangrene is a prerequisite for these chronic proliferous lesions. According to epidemiological studies, the granuloma is observed more often than the cyst and the cyst more often in the upper jaw bone. Furthermore, certain teeth show a particular susceptibility to one or the other of these lesions. An x-ray is not sufficient to assure the appropriate clinical diagnosis. Electrophoresis and histopathology does, however, allow one to do the same. Acting as an immunological entity, the granuloma is less of an immunological irritation than a local defense protective barrier.
Anticancer Potential of Hemidesmus indicus-enriched Pt/Au BimetallicNanoparticles against Human Breast and Skin Cancer Cell Lines

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Background: Worldwide, cancer has become the most disastrous disease, causing an enormous number of deaths in the population. According to GLOBOCON, in the year 2020, there were 1.93 crore cases of cancer reported and 10 million deaths caused by cancer. Methods: Metallic nanoparticles, such as gold, silver, and platinum, which possess properties of bioenvironmental stability, safety, and lower toxicity, have become preferred materials for drug delivery. Bimetallic nanoparticles, in particular, have shown enhanced optical, magnetic, electrical, catalytic, and medicinal properties compared to monometallic nanoparticles. We have developed goldplatinum PtAuBNPs containing H. indicus methanolic extract using a green synthesis approach. The PtAuBNPs were characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy, particle size analysis, zeta potential measurement, and surface characteristics using TEM, XRD, Raman spectroscopy, and DSC. The anticancer activity of PtAuBNPs was investigated using two distinctive cell lines, MCF-7 and B16F10. Results: The change in the colour of the prepared systems after incubation indicated the development of nanoparticles, as analysed by UV spectroscopy. The PtAuBNPs showed a particle size of 243.3 nm and a zeta potential of -14.4 mV. TEM analysis showed the hexagonal and cubic nature of the nanoparticles. XRD analysis indicated the crystalline nature of the nanoparticles. The bimetallic nanoparticles showed greater anticancer activity against the breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) and the skin cancer cell line (B16F10), with IC50 values of 35.52µg mL-1and 30.22 µg mL-1, respectively, which have been found to be lower than the standard 5-FU. Conclusion: The development of PtAuBNPs may pave the way for a new era of enhancing the anticancer activity of herbal extracts through the synergistic effects of gold and platinum metals. The developed PtAuBNPs have been shown to exhibit excellent anticancer activity against skin and breast cancer.
Reliability Assessment of Existing Reinforced Concrete Arch Bridge

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A finite element model of an existing reinforced concrete arch bridge was established. The reliability index was investigated based on the PDF module in ANSYS software. Taking the maximum concrete stress and tendon stress as limit state, the limit state functions of main arch, upright column and deck are established respectively. There are taken as series system to study the bridge system reliability according to the structural characteristics of reinforced concrete arch bridge. The lowest reliability index superstructure is selected as the whole structure reliability index. Based on JC method and made-up MATLAB program, the reliability index of the example bridge is calculated.
Stress and Aggression – The influence of stress on processing of provoking stimuli during a retaliation paradigm- an ERP study

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Many studies suggest a vicious circle between stress and aggression. But its physiological basis is not fully understood. Trait aggression and externalizing behavior are characterized by reduced P3 waves in Event Related Potentials (ERP). Stress affects the processing of aggression related stimuli. Moreover, the stress hormone cortisol enhances the attention to social threat and the propensity for aggression. The aim of the present study was to asses the effect of acute stress and the concomitant cortisol release on the processing of provoking stimuli during an aggressive encounter using the Taylor Aggression Paradigm (TAP). 71 healthy participants (36 men) were subjected to the socially evaluated cold pressor test as an experimental stressor or to a warm pressor test (control condition). Half of each group received high or low levels of provocation in the TAP. Throughout the experiment EEG was recorded, and salivary cortisol was collected. Stressed participants were divided into cortisol-responders and –non responders. Event-related potentials during provoking stimuli revealed that highly provoked participants had a more positive P3 amplitude (fronto-central) compared to hardly provoked participants, replicating previous findings. Increased cortisol combined with provocation led to a reduced P3 amplitude and reduced late positive potentials in cortisol-responders. The results suggest that an interaction between stressor-induced cortisol and provocation affects the processing of conflict signals and contributes to a vicious cycle between stress and aggression.
[Clinical evaluation of combination assay of tumor markers in primary lung cancer patients].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Recently, the measurement of tumor markers, particularly for combined measurement, have been reported to be useful for the early diagnosis of cancer. In this study, the authors measured the serum levels of SLX, CA19-9, CA153, CA125, NCC-ST-439, CEA, SCC, NSE, TPA and IAP in 155 patients with primary lung cancer before treatment (76 adenocarcinomas, 40 squamous cell carcinomas, 36 small cell cancers, 3 large cell cancers). Seventy three benign lung disease cases were also studied as controls. The serum levels of CA19-9, CA153, CA125, NCC-ST-439, CEA, NSE and TPA were significantly higher in lung cancer patients than in benign lung disease patients. CA125 and CEA levels in adenocarcinoma, SCC levels in squamous cell carcinoma, NSE levels in small cell cancer and NCC-ST-439 in non-small cell cancer were significantly higher than those of other histological types of cancer. The level of each marker became higher, and was related with advance in stage. The probability of lung cancer was 90% when three markers were positive except for IAP, which was frequently false positive in benign lung disease. In conclusion, the simultaneous, combined measurement of at least three markers, including CEA and/or TPA was considered to be useful for the diagnosis of lung cancer.
Chemical profiling and cytotoxic activity of aqueous extract of Veronica peduncularis M.Bieb.: A chemotaxonomical approach

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Background and Aims: Genus Veronica (Plantaginaceae) is represented by 79 species in Turkish flora, 26 of which are endemic. Veronica species have a variety of uses including diuretic, anticancer, and rheumatic pains, wounds, and respiratory problems. According to phytochemical studies, Veronica species contain predominantly iridoid glucosides with some phenylethanoid and flavonoid glycosides. Methods: The aqueous extract of Veronica peduncularis M.Bieb. was tested for its cytotoxic activity on human rhabdomyosarcoma (RD) and human epidermoid carcinoma (HEp-2) cell lines using the MTT method. Chemical profile of the extract was determined by HPLC-DAD, and isolation studies were conducted. Results: The extract was found to show concentration-dependent cytotoxicity against tested cell lines. In addition, a comparison of the iridoid fraction of Veronica peduncularis with previously isolated iridoid glucosides on the HPLC-DAD system, showed the presence of aucubin, amphicoside, veratroyl catalpol, and veronicoside in this fraction. On the other hand, isolation and structure elucidation of plantamajoside and 4'-O-methylisoscutellarein-7-O-2''-O-(6'''-O-acetyl-ß-D-allopyranosyl)- ß-D-glucopyranoside from the phenolic fractions were performed by serial chromatographic and spectroscopic methods. Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first cytotoxic activity and phytochemical study on the titled plant. The presence of iridoid glucosides and 8-hydroxyflavone glycosides is important for the chemotaxonomy of the genus Veronica.
Reply to “Comment on ‘Observation of the Marcus Inverted Region for Bimolecular Photoinduced Electron-Transfer Reactions in Viscous Media’”

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommentNEXTReply to "Comment on 'Observation of the Marcus Inverted Region for Bimolecular Photoinduced Electron-Transfer Reactions in Viscous Media'"Manoj Kumbhakar* and Haridas Pal*View Author Information Radiation and Photochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400 085, India*M. Kumbhakar. E-mail: [email protected]. Tel: 91 22 25596842.*H. Pal. E-mail: [email protected]. Tel: 91 22 25595396.Cite this: J. Phys. Chem. B 2016, 120, 36, 9804–9809Publication Date (Web):August 18, 2016Publication History Received29 July 2016Revised18 August 2016Published online30 August 2016Published inissue 15 September 2016https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b07633https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b07633article-commentaryACS PublicationsCopyright © 2016 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views545Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (632 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Chemical reactions,Energy,Free energy,Oscillation,Solvents Get e-Alerts
Determining Comfort Levels of Postpartum Women after Vaginal and Caesarean Birth

Field: Nursing (Health Sciences)

This descriptive study was conducted to determine the comfort levels of postpartum women after vaginal and caesarean birth. The sample of the study consisted of 233 volunteer women. The data were collected using a questionnaire and Postpartum Comfort Scale (PCS). In the analysis of the data, Cronbach alpha coefficient, percentage, distribution, mean, standard deviation, t-test, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Shapiro-Wilk test, Mann-Whitney U-test, ANOVA test and Kruskall- Wallis ANOVA were used. According to the types of delivery of the women participating in the study, the average age of the women having caesarean delivery was determined higher (30.03 ± 5.34) than the women having vaginal birth (28.45±5.15), and their difference was found statistically significant (p<0.05). The total PCS average scores of the women having vaginal and caesarean delivery were 82.33 ± 15.71 and 82.02 ± 16.99 respectively. The PCS scores of the women having vaginal birth were determined to be higher than the other group in terms of fewer numbers of pregnancies. However, the PCS scores of the women having caesarean delivery was found higher than the women having vaginal delivery in terms of the variables such as receiving training regarding postpartum care and the trainer and the difference between them was statistically significant (p<0.05). In this study, both the women having vaginal delivery and those having caesarean delivery were found to have a low level of comfort.
Phytoseiid Mites (Acari) Associated With Rubber Trees And Other Euphorbiaceous Plants In Southeastern Brazil

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Twenty five known mite species of the family Phytoseiidae were found in a survey conducted on trees of the family Euphorbiaceae, including native plant species and rubber tree, in three regions of the State of São Paulo. Several of the species collected were known until now only from the original description. Five of the mite species mentioned in this paper correspond to new combinations. Complementary descriptions of several of the species collected are provided.
TREATMENT OF VITILIGO WITH GOLD SODIUM THIOSULPHATE GIVEN INTRAVENOUSLY AND SUBCUTANEOUSLY

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In 1929, Lindsay1described the favorable results which he obtained in a case of vitiligo by means of gold sodium thiosulphate injected intravenously. With the exception of a recent communication by Burgess,2the relatively few subsequent reports dealing with the subject3indicate that the treatment is without distinct value. The following case of vitiligo occurred in a Negro, a fact which facilitated observation of the degree of pigmentary change present as a result of gold therapy.

REPORT OF A CASE

W. R., a Negro, aged 28 years, applied for the treatment of depigmentation of the face, neck, upper part of the chest and lower part of the back, which had been present for three years. The onset dated back to a period when the patient was in the midst of intense musical study. Oil of bergamot had been applied without results. On Dec. 20, 1933, intravenous treatment
Identifying differentially expressed genes in microarray experiments with model-based variance estimation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Statistical tests have been employed to identify genes differentially expressed under different conditions using data from microarray experiments. The variance of gene expression levels is often required in various statistical tests; however, due to the small number of replicates, the variance estimated from the sample variance is not accurate, which causes large false positive and negative errors. More accurate and robust variance estimation is thus highly desirable to improve the performance of statistical tests. In this paper, cluster analysis was performed on the microarray data using a model-based clustering method. The variance for each gene was then estimated from cluster variances. Since cluster variances are estimated from multiple genes whose microarray data have similar variance, the proposed estimation method pools the relevant genes together; this effectively increases the number of samples in variance estimation, thereby improving variance estimation. Using simulated data, it is shown that with the novel variance estimation, the performance of the t-test, regularized t-test, and a variant of SAM test, which is called the S-test here, can be improved. Using colon microarray data of Alon et al., it is demonstrated that the proposed method offers better or comparable performance compared with other gene pooling methods. Using the IHF microarray data of Arfin et al., it is shown that the proposed novel variance estimation decreases the significance of those genes having a small fold change but a high significant score assigned by the t-test using the sample variance, which potentially reduces false positive probability.
Archaeology of St. Lawrence Island. Henry B. CollinsJr. (Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, Vol. 96, No. 1, pp. 424, map, 26 text figures, 84 plates, Washington, 1937.)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

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Routing Of Spatial Queries Over IOT Enabled Wireless Sensor Networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In-network processing of spatial queries is a data collection technique that is widely used in wireless sensor networks (WSN). The user generates sql-like query specifying the kind of information (e.g., temperature, humidity, etc.), duration of measurement, periodicity, kind of data aggregation (Max, Min, average, etc.), and region of interest, etc. The generated queries are routed to the nodes belonging to the specific region of interest, mainly using standard WSN geographic routing algorithms. With the advent of Internet of Things (IoT), the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) defined a standard routing algorithm to IoT enabled wireless sensor networks, so called RPL. The latter builds a tree like routing topology that is inefficient for spatial type of queries, because it floods the message to all nodes either inside or outside the target region. In a previous research, we have introduced a performance enhanced routing algorithm, we refer as PA-RPL (Partition Aware-RPL), that considers the importance of partition (or region). In this work, we propose an extension to this PA-RPL algorithm, enabling appropriate/efficient routing of spatial queries in an IoT enabled wireless sensor network. Our results demonstrate: (i) a high scalability for large size and density networks, (ii) dramatic reduction in transferred query messages that alleviates the bandwidth bottleneck, and a (iii) 20% energy gain, in contrast to standard RPL.
An Efficient Direct Arylation Polycondensation via C−S Bond Cleavage

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The direct arylation polycondensation (DArP) has become one of the most important methods to construct conjugated polymers (CPs). However, the homocoupling side‐reactions of aryl halides and the low regioseletive reactivities of unfunctionalized aryls hinder the development of DArP. Here, an efficient Pd and Cu co‐catalyzed DArP was developed via inert C−S bond cleavage of aryl thioethers, of which robustness was exemplified by over twenty conjugated polymers (CPs), including copolymers, homopolymers, and random polymers. The capture of oxidative addition intermediate together with experimental and theoretic results suggested the important role of palladium (Pd) and copper (Cu) co‐catalysis with a bicyclic mechanism. The studies of NMR, molecular weights, trap densities, two‐dimensional grazing‐incidence wide‐angle X‐ray scattering (2D‐GIWAXS), and the charge transport mobilities revealed that the homocoupling reactions were significantly suppressed with high regioselectivity of unfunctionalized aryls, suggesting this method is an excellent choice for synthesizing high performance CPs.