jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A new lensed-fiber configuration employing cascaded GI-fiber chips

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A new scheme is proposed for lensed fibers having high coupling efficiency between laser diodes and single-mode fibers with a long working distance. The new lensed fiber consists of a pair of GI-fiber tips having different focusing parameters. The measured net coupling loss between a laser diode operating at a wavelength of 1.3 /spl mu/m and a single-mode fiber is as low as 1.5 dB. The working distances are around 50 /spl mu/m, much longer than those of conventional lensed fibers.
Preoperative recombinant adenoviral human p53 gene combined with intensity-modulated radiation therapy in treatment of stage IV papillary thyroid carcinoma: A randomized clinical study.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

5550 Background: Most of stage IV papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is initially unresectable due to invading surrounding structures, and is also commonly resistant to standard radio- or chemo-therapy. P53 gene therapy could increase tumor radiosensitivity and inhibit tumor angiogenesis. This study is to evaluate the benefits of pre-operative recombinant adenoviral human p53 gene (rAd-p53) combined with intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) in treatment of stage IV PTC. Methods: Forty-six patients with historically-diagnosed stage IV PTC, satisfying the inclusion criteria, were randomly assigned into two groups: experimental group (EG) control group (CG). EG received intratumoral injection of 2-4×10 12 rAd-p53 viral particles (VP) per 3 days for 10 times and IMRT once per day for 28 days at a total dose of 65 Gy. CG received the same IMRT therapy. Once month after the combined treatment, patients were assessed for resectability. A radical surgery was performed on the patients with a resectable tumor. All the patients received standard I131 therapy 1-1.5 months after surgery or after the last IMRT. Results: EG including 25 cases, 19 females and 6 males, had a radical surgery rate of 76% (19/25), one-year survival rate of 96%, and no local recurrence and distant metastases for patients having a surgery. The tumors in six patients of EG were still unresectable. But all these six patients had a local partial response. The tissue sample analyses showed increased fibrous tissues, apoptotic cells, and increased Bax and p21 protein and mRNA levels. CG including 21 cases, 15 females and 6 males, had a radical surgery rate of 47.6% (10/21), one-year survival rate of 81.0%, and distant metastatic rate of 20% (2/10) for patients having a surgery. The local partial response rate of unresectable patients in CG was 72.7% (8/11). There were no changes in Bax and p21 protein and mRNA levels. The main side effects of rAd-p53 were self-limited fever, occurring in 24 of EG patients. Conclusions: Pre-perative rAd-p53 combinedwith IMRT in treatment of the stage IV PTC increases radical surgical rate and response rate, and improves long-term efficacy.
Secure Air Traffic Control at the Hub of Multiplexing on the Centrifugo-Pneumatic Lab-on-a-Disc Platform

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Larger-scale integration (LSI) resides at the heart of comprehensive sample-to-answer automation and parallelisation of assay panels for frequent and ubiquitous bioanalytical testing in decentralised the point-of-use / point-of-care settings. With an emphasis on rotational, centrifugo-pneumatic flow control, this paper employs a virtual &ldquo;digital twin&rdquo; strategy, considering experimental tolerances, to efficiently design such &ldquo;Lab-on-a-Disc&rdquo; systems featuring high packing density, reliability, configurability, modularity, manufacturability, performance while minimizing development and fabrication cost.
When climate change predictions are right for the wrong reasons

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Just over 40 years ago, I wrote a paper entitled “Climate change: Are we on the brink of a pronounced global warming?” In it, I attempted to explain why despite a rise in the atmosphere’s CO2 content there had been no significant warming. I predicted that a natural cooling was about to give way to a warming, and that industrial emissions of CO2 would amplify this warming. The paper published in Science in 1975. Warming did follow in 1976–1977. However, a retrospective look shows that my analysis was flawed. What is more—and to my chagrin—based on the words “global warming” in my Science paper, I was given the title “Father of Global Warming.” Not only did I not like this title, I had done little to merit it.
Defuturing an architecture of destruction: a reconciliation of Van Berkel and Bos to the new design philosophy of Tony Fry

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

\n\t\t\t\t\tFor some time now Tony Fry has promoted the idea of 'The Sustainment', an idea that asserts a paradigm shift in attitudes to consumption. 'The Sustainment' recognises that increasingly human futures are products of self-determination and not chance. Fry&rsquo;s hypothesis can be understood through his concept of Defuturing, a philosophy that questions the role of design and the responsibility of designers to facilitating the ability to sustain (Fry 1999).<br />Central to Fry&rsquo;s philosophy is an awareness that it is in the best interests of designers and their clients, as inhabitants of cultures increasingly driven by technology, to be aware of the relationships between the products and theories of design and the processes and implications of technological change. This is an awareness that is central to the concepts, work, and methodologies of the &lsquo;UN Studio&rsquo; of Van Berkel and Bos described and elaborated upon in Move &ndash; Imagination, Techniques, and Effects (Van Berkel &amp; Bos 1999). Here, Ben Van Berkel defines the parameters and methodologies employed by UN Studio in an environment of technological and socio-economic change. The Dutch practice could be said to exemplify something of a zeitgeist in current architectural design that sees architects, as Van Berkel and Bos view them, as &ldquo;fashion designers of the future, dressing events to come and holding up a mirror to the world (Van Berkel &amp; Bos 1999, back cover).&rdquo; It is a zeitgeist that Fry might see as aligned to the resilient hype of &lsquo;new creativity&rsquo;, &lsquo;globalisation&rsquo; the &lsquo;romance with technology&rsquo;, and the vacuous-ness of the world of fashion. (Fry The Voice of Sustainment: on Design Intelligence 2005).<br />A source of breaking down such design propaganda is identified by Fry in the notion of &lsquo;scenarios,&rsquo; which &ldquo;provide a mechanism for politico-practice assemblage in which dialogues and narratives of change can be rehearsed in ways that enable participants to re-educate themselves via critical confrontations&rdquo; (Fry The Voice of Sustainment: on Design Intelligence 2005). From such a perspective this paper aims to practically illustrate and ground the Defuturing of Fry by establishing a dialogue between his writings and the theories that have generated the architectural designs of Van Berkel and Bos and there UN Studio. This will be a &lsquo;scenario&rsquo; that examines therefore an appropriation and transformation of the applied intellectual practice of Van Berkel and Bos. Through this confrontation we shall explore the question of why sustainability appears to be so low in the agenda of many pre-eminent contemporary architects, and how we might refocus therefore practice and theory on the ability to sustain.<br />\n\t\t\t\t
[Isolation and study of cAMP-independent chromatin protein kinases from brain cells].

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Two cAMP-independent protein kinases were purified from rat brain neuron chromatin by using extraction with ammonium sulfate with subsequent chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex A-25 and Sephadex G-150. These enzymes were identified as casein kinases NI and NII, respectively. The molecular masses of the proteins as determined by gel filtration are 4500 and 130 Da. Casein kinase NII utilizes ATP (Km = 7.5 mM) and GTP (Km = 8.5 mM) as substrates, while casein kinase NI utilizes only ATP (Km = 6 mM). The activities of the both enzymes are inhibited by Mn2+ and Ca2+, while heparin (1 microgram/ml) inhibits only casein kinase NII. The memory stimulator ethymizol (ethylnorantipheine) increases the activity of casein kinase NII only when brain proteins extracted by 0.35 M NaCl or rat liver HMG-proteins are used as reaction substrates. This substance has no effect on the phosphorylation of casein and histone HI. The role of casein kinase NII of neuronal chromatin in the realization of stimulatory effects of physiologically active substances on RNA synthesis is discussed.
The validity of a single question about life satisfaction

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Research on wellbeing has often used life satisfaction as the outcome measure. Large scale international surveys (e.g. the World Values survey) often use single measures of such variables and it is important to assess the validity of them. Two studies were carried out, one in the UK and one in the USA, to investigate congruent validity by examining correlations between a single life satisfaction question and a multi-item established measure. Convergent validity was assessed by examining positive correlations between single and multi-item life satisfaction measures, positive personality (self-efficacy, self-esteem and optimism) and positive affect and happiness. In addition, discriminant validity was assessed by examining the negative associations between the life satisfaction measures and negative affect and anxiety/depression. Implications for assessing competing conceptualizations of wellbeing are discussed.
Law in the Ninth Century: Jehoshaphat’s ‘Judicial Reform’

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The Chronicler attributes to Jehoshaphat of Judah (874–850 BCE) the appointment of royal judges in all the fortified cities of his kingdom, and the establishment of a central court in Jerusalem (2 Chron. 19.5–11). This chapter examines the issue of anachronism from the standpoint of the history of biblical law, and asks whether the Chronicler paints a picture coherent with law as it is likely to have functioned in the ninth century. The problem, however, does not commence in the ninth century. Almost universally, 2 Chron. 19.4–11 is taken to be a ‘judicial reform’, which assumes the existence of a preceding judicial system. Unlike some parts of the ancient Near East, ancient Israel was weakly institutionalized. Regular law courts and applying written rules (and thus assuming the presence of literate personnel) backed by state enforcement was a matter for the future.
Gel Oxidation of Titanium and Effect of UV Irradiation on Precipitation of Hydroxyapatite from Simulated Body Fluid

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Sodium titanate gels on the surface of titanium metal have been formed using sodium hydroxide solution and oxidised at 400°-800°C. The reaction sequence for these processes with increasing temperature is Ti → sodium titanate gel → crystalline sodium titanate gel → porous (top) and dense (bottom) anatase → porous (top) and dense (bottom) rutile. These samples subsequently were soaked in simulated body fluid in order to study the precipitation of hydroxyapatite in the absence and presence of long UV radiation, which has not been investigated before. One sample showed greatly enhanced hydroxyapatite deposition, this being the one oxidised at 400°C, consisting of small amounts of crystalline sodium titanate and anatase, and subjected to UV irradiation. More generally, enhancement of hydroxyapatite precipitation is observed in the presence of anatase and/or sodium titanate; suppression of hydroxyapatite precipitation is observed in the presence of gels and rutile. However, UV light with anatase enhanced precipitation while UV light with rutile suppressed it. This is attributed to the morphological effect of the larger grain of rutile compared to the smaller anatase.
Adult Cognition: Piagetian Based Research Findings

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The work of Jean Piaget, widely recognized as pertinent to childhood cognition, has in recent years generated significant research based on adult samples. Because traditional Piagetian em phasis has been on young children the potential application of Piaget's theory to help in understanding and in explaining adult cognition has not been widely appreciated. Increasing in terest in adult development, however, has stimulated additional speculation and investigation in to the questions of adult cognition, including efforts to conceptualize adult cognitive develop ment in Piagetian terms. Application of Piagetian concepts to the study of adult cognition has occurred across a wide range and heretofore only limited efforts have been made to organize a review of the Piagetian literature on adult cognition around selected central issues. This extensive review, based on adult samples, reports the research findings concerning three specific topical issues that are of interest to the adult educator. The topics reviewed include the necessity, universality and persistence of the formal operations stage. Based on the literature reviewed, it is concluded that each of the topics requires further study, analysis and conceptualization.
STRATEGI PROGRAM TVRI JAWATENGAH DALAM MENINGKATKAN KUALITAS MELALUI KONTEN BUDAYA PADA TEPOTULODHO

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The background of this research is based on today problems of TVRI station bothintegral and influence quality programs.The aim of the research is to know whatTVRI strategiesto upgrade the quality which has locality content function in the Tepo Tulodho programs.Thisresearch use qualitative descriptive method to dig up the empirical phenomenon in TVRI,Central Java.In addition,there are three sources: informant,document,and book.To completethe data, this research uses observation, interview, and documentation.The research resultsshowed thatTVRI used dynamic pattern in strategy program. Program production was moredominate than acquisition. Supervision and program evaluation applied by Evaluation MeetingPress. Strategy of locality culture in the TepoTulodho program described Javanese culture andone of the supporting of pictured strategy.Keywords:Program strategy, local culture, picturisation, and rtistic design.
A new phytoecdysteroid from the roots ofAchyranthes bidentataBl.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

A new phytoecdysteroid compound, named Niuxixinsterone D (1), together with two known phytoecdysteroid compounds (2 and 3) were isolated from Achyranthes bidentata Bl.. The structure of the new compound was elucidated by extensive spectral analysis, including HR-ESI-MS, 1D and 2D NMR methods. Compounds 1-3 were tested for their inhibitory effects against LPS-induced NO production in RAW 264.7 macrophages, and compound 1 and 3 exhibited anti-neuroinflammatory activity with inhibited 29.7 and 26.0% NO production.
Potential Tourists' Opinions on Augmented Reality Applications in Tourism Industry

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The aim of this study is to reveal how augmented reality (AR) applications affect the preferences of potential tourists before purchase. In this respect, 30 volunteer participants were interviewed between February 1 and February 22, 2022. The obtained data were analyzed with the MAXQDA 2022 package program. According to the findings obtained from the research, it was observed that the sample group had basic information about augmented reality applications. It has been concluded that using of AR applications in tourism can positively or negatively affect the potential tourists’ opinions making touristic purchase plan.
Psychosocial Problems of Families Living with an Addicted Family Member

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract Background & Aim: Addiction (Substance addicted) as one of the health problems in the present century can influence physical, emotional and social aspects of addicted people and impose psychosocial problems for their families and society. Accordingly, this study aimed to examine social, psychosocial problems in families with an addicted member. Material & Methods: It was a descriptive, correlational study. The sample consisted of 400 close family members of the addicted people who were randomly recruited. Data was collected by SCL-90 questionnaire analyzed by SPSS-PC (v.16). Result: The findings showed that most subjects suffered moderate depression (36.8%) and moderate anxiety (36 . 4%). Also 36% of them had low levels of aggression and 35.8% had moderate interpersonal sensitivity. Conclusion: Based on the findings , it can be concluded that addicted members of families can affect the mental health of other family members . Proposing educational programs by nurses for high risk persons would prevent addiction-induced difficulties by knowledge promotion and behavior change. Received: 30 May 2013 Accepted: 3 Sep 2013
Effects of zinc and vitamin A supplementation on prognostic markers and treatment outcomes of adults with pulmonary tuberculosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction Undernutrition is a major risk factor for tuberculosis (TB), which is estimated to be responsible for 1.9 million TB cases per year globally. The effectiveness of micronutrient supplementation on TB treatment outcomes and its prognostic markers (sputum conversion, serum zinc, retinol and haemoglobin levels) has been poorly understood. This study aimed to determine the effect of zinc and vitamin A supplementation on prognostic markers and TB treatment outcomes among adults with sputum-positive pulmonary TB. Methods A systematic literature search for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) was performed in PubMed, Embase and Scopus databases. Meta-analysis with a random effect model was performed to estimate risk ratio (RR) and mean difference (MD), with a 95% CI, for dichotomous and continuous outcomes, respectively. Results Our search identified 2195 records. Of these, nine RCTs consisting of 1375 participants were included in the final analyses. Among adults with pulmonary TB, zinc (RR: 0.94, 95% CI: 0.86 to 1.03), vitamin A (RR: 0.90, 95% CI: 0.80 to 1.01) and combined zinc and vitamin A (RR: 0.98, 95% CI: 0.89 to 1.08) supplementation were not significantly associated with TB treatment success. Combined zinc and vitamin A supplementation was significantly associated with increased sputum smear conversion at 2 months (RR: 1.16, 95% CI: 1.03 to 1.32), serum zinc levels at 2 months (MD: 0.86 μmol/L, 95% CI: 0.14 to 1.57), serum retinol levels at 2 months (MD: 0.06 μmol/L, 95% CI: 0.04 to 0.08) and 6 months (MD: 0.12 μmol/L, 95% CI: 0.10 to 0.14) and serum haemoglobin level at 6 months (MD: 0.29 μg/dL, 95% CI: 0.08 to 0.51), among adults with pulmonary TB. Conclusions Providing zinc and vitamin A supplementation to adults with sputum-positive pulmonary TB during treatment may increase early sputum smear conversion, serum zinc, retinol and haemoglobin levels. However, the use of zinc, vitamin A or both was not associated with TB treatment success. PROSPERO registration number CRD42021248548.
Facile synthesis of indolizino[8,7-b]indole and pyrido[1,2-a:3,4-b’]diindole derivatives based on domino reactions of 1-aroyl-3,4-dihydro-β-carbolines

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A convenient approach to the synthesis of 1-aroyl-3,4-dihydro-β-carbolines via Pictet–Spengler reaction has been developed. A variety of reagents, such as unsaturated aldehydes, ketones, maleic anhydride in the construction of functionally diverse indolizino[8,7-b]indole, and pyrido[1,2-a:3,4-b']diindole derivatives has been used. The developed method is a simple and convenient procedure giving medium and excellent yields, showing a wide functional group tolerance.
Recent Advances in Minimal Intervention Dentistry - A Review

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

The age of preserving the tooth has come a long way. New technology of bioceramic materials, LASERS and resin infiltration for remineralzing and restoring the tooth have given promising results. The role of fluorides, which has been time tested cannot be overemphasized for preventing the caries. Glass ionomer cements and its advances are good for minimally preparing the cavity and restoration.
Listening to the Past, Predicting the Future: A Bibliometric Exploration of Hearing Loss Publications Over Four Decades

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives This article aims to analyze the scientific literature on hearing loss (HL) in the field of Otorhinolaryngology published from the past to the present. Methods A comprehensive dataset comprising 8013 articles on HL, spanning from 1980 to 2023, was retrieved from the Web of Science database and analyzed using various statistical and bibliometric methods. Results The leading countries in productivity were the United States, Japan, and Germany. The top productive journals included the International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology ( n = 652), Otology & Neurotology (579), and Acta Oto‐Laryngologica (512). The journals with the highest h‐index on hearing loss were Hearing Research (h = 65), Ear and Hearing (60), and Laryngoscope (55). Factor analysis revealed that the HL literature consisted of four constructs: main topics, speech/sound, genetics, and pharmaceutical therapies. Sudden sensorineural HL, sensorineural HL, cochlear implant, unilateral, noise‐induced and conductive HL, pediatric and age‐related HL, tinnitus, auditory brainstem response, audiometry, and prognoses for hearing health were the most researched topics from past to present. In recent years, the trending topics are genomic analysis, gene mutations, whole‐exome sequencing, genetic sequencing technique, the use of machine learning in HL, and the effect of COVID‐19 on hearing health. Conclusion The bibliometric analysis results clearly indicate significant progress in the field of hearing loss over the past 40 years. The 8013 articles published between 1980 and 2023 encompass a wide range of research in this area. These analyses can assist in identifying priority areas and focal points for future research. Level of Evidence NA Laryngoscope , 134:4697–4706, 2024