jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Hybrid analogues of SFTI‐1 modified in P1 position by β‐ and γ‐amino acids and N‐substituted β‐alanines

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A series of compounds containing either non‐proteinogenic β‐/γ‐amino acids or N ‐substituted β‐alanine residues (β‐peptoid units) in P 1 specificity position were synthesized based on the structure of sunflower trypsin inhibitor 1 (SFTI‐1). The compounds were synthesized on a solid support; the N ‐substituted β‐alanines (βNhlys and βNhphe) were introduced into a peptidomimetic chain via a two‐step approach using acryloyl chloride and an appropriate primary amine. The inhibitory activities were characterized in vitro against bovine α‐chymotrypsin or bovine β‐trypsin. Three analogues displayed activity comparable to fully proteinogenic counterparts—monocyclic SFTI‐1 and [Phe 5 ]SFTI‐1. Moreover, all active peptidomimetics were resistant toward proteolytic degradation, even after 24‐h incubation at room temperature. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 100: 154–159, 2013.
DNA Chips with Conjugated Polyelectrolytes in Resonance Energy Transfer Mode

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

We show how to use well-defined conjugated polyelectrolytes (CPEs) combined with surface energy patterning to fabricate DNA chips utilizing fluorescence signal amplification. Cholesterol-modified DNA strands in complex with a CPE are adsorbed to a surface energy pattern, formed by printing with soft elastomer stamps. Hybridization of the surface bound DNA strands with a short complementary strand from solution is monitored using both fluorescence microscopy and imaging surface plasmon resonance. The CPEs act as antennas, enhancing resonance energy transfer to the dye-labeled DNA when complementary hybridization of the double strand occurs.
Electronic regulation of a core–shell NiSe2 catalyst by Co doping to accelerate hydrogen evolution

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A Co-doping core–shell shaped NiSe 2 based catalyst (Ni x Co 1− x Se 2 @NC) exhibits promising electrocatalytic activity for HER with a low overpotential of −143 mV at −10 mA cm −2 , a small Tafel slope of 37.5 mV dec −1 .
Effective Assignment of α2,3/α2,6‐Sialic Acid Isomers by LC‐MS/MS‐Based Glycoproteomics

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Distinct structural changes of the α2,3/α2,6‐sialic acid glycosidic linkages on glycoproteins are of importance in cancer biology, inflammatory diseases, and virus tropism. Current glycoproteomic methodologies are, however, not amenable toward high‐throughput characterization of sialic acid isomers. To enable such assignments, a mass spectrometry method utilizing synthetic model glycopeptides for the analysis of oxonium ion intensity ratios was developed. This method was successfully applied in large‐scale glycoproteomics, thus allowing the site‐specific structural characterization of sialic acid isomers.
Examining Privacy in Blogging from the Reader's Perspective

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

As new forms of digital communication and social media are used and adopted by various communities, privacy becomes an increasingly more difficult and complex issue. While previous work has studied bloggers' practices with respect to negotiating privacy, little research has been done on the ways in which readers of blogs perceive privacy in blogs. This poster presents results from a qualitative study of blog readers, describing how privacy is connected with contextual appropriateness, personal content, and perceptions of online and offline identity. These results are compared to previous, blogger-oriented findings in order to work towards a more complete understanding of privacy related perceptions and practices in blogging.
Virtual Community Mentoring in Higher Education

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article will focus on the characteristics of a technology- supported virtual community where university students can seek the guidance of professionals in the students’ field of study via a mediated mentoring program. Advances in information and communication technologies, particularly the Internet and interactive multimedia technologies, are creating new networking opportunities for students. Mentors and mentees can develop valuable relationships facilitated by multimedia technologies. This article will explore the characteristics of both community and mentoring within the framework of a technology-supported virtual community.
Acute visual loss as the initial presentation in a child with systemic Burkitt lymphoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounts for 10% of pediatric malignancies and is the third most common malignancy in childhood. We report a previous healthy 3-year-old boy with stage IV Burkitt lymphoma presenting with acute visual loss. In funduscopy his pupils were fixed at 6 mm in diameter without light perception. He started therapy according to the UKCCSG 9003 protocol. The boy didn′t show any visual improvement but some slight light perception despite his partial remission after CYVE II. He died of neutropenic septicemia before his scheduled radiotherapy. In conclusion, loss of vision is a rare presenting sign in NHL. Differential diagnosis is crucial as early diagnosis and effective treatment are important for survival as well as for visual restoration.
Employee engagement, organisational performance and individual well-being: exploring the evidence, developing the theory

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The development of mainstream human resource management (HRM) theory has long been concerned with how people management can enhance performance outcomes. It is only very recently that interest has been shown in the parallel stream of research on the link between employee engagement and performance, bringing the two together to suggest that engagement may constitute the mechanism through which HRM practices impact individual and organisational performance. However, engagement has emerged as a contested construct, whose meaning is susceptible to ‘fixing, shrinking, stretching and bending’. It has furthermore not yet been scrutinised from a critical HRM perspective, nor have the societal and contextual implications of engagement within the domain of HRM been considered. We review the contribution of the seven articles in this special issue to the advancement of theory and evidence on employee engagement, and highlight areas where further research is needed to answer important questions in the emergent field that links HRM and engagement.
Commentary: Utilization of Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping for Direct Targeting of the Subthalamic Nucleus During Deep Brain Stimulation Surgery

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Division of Neurosurgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts Correspondence: Ron L. Alterman, MD, 110 Francis St, 3B, Boston, MA 02215. E-mail: [email protected]
Optimal Control of a Time-Varying Double-Ended Production Queueing Model

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Motivated by production systems with nonstationary stochastic demand, we study a double-ended queueing model having back orders and customer abandonment. One side of our model stores back orders, and the other side represents inventory. We assume first-come-first-served instantaneous fulfillment discipline. Our goal is to determine the optimal (nonstationary) production rate over a finite time horizon to minimize the costs incurred by the system. In addition to the inventory-related (holding and perishment) and demand-related (waiting and abandonment) costs, we consider a cost that penalizes rapid fluctuations of production rates. We develop a deterministic fluid-control problem (FCP) that serves as a performance lower bound for the original queueing-control problem (QCP). We further consider a high-volume system for which an upper bound of the gap between the optimal values of the QCP and FCP is characterized and construct an asymptotically optimal production rate for the QCP, under which the FCP lower bound is achieved asymptotically. Demonstrated by numerical examples, the proposed asymptotically optimal production rate successfully captures the time variability of the nonstationary demand.
Cluster Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS) For Semiconductor and Metals Depth Profiling

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Sputter depth profiling has long been used to investigate the distribution of subsurface elemental species. Detection and identification of secondary ions formed during the sputtering process can provide exceptional sensitivity for many elements in a wide range of materials and forms the basis for secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) depth profiling. This chapter describes the origin of some of the artifacts that currently limit SIMS depth profiling performance as well as the evolution of ion beam technology. Specific emphasis is placed on the application of cluster primary ion beams for ultra high resolution depth profiling. Examples are drawn primarily from depth profiling investigations of various semiconductor materials and metal films.
Immigration control and the white working class: explaining state-level laws in the US, 2005–2017

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Immigration control has emerged as a fiery partisan issue in American politics as evidenced by the controversies over policies of the Trump administration over the last four years. While legislative reform remains deadlocked at the federal level, a number of states have passed laws with reference to immigrants—documented or otherwise—within their boundaries. This study draws upon group threat theory to identify the factors affecting restrictive immigration laws at the state-level. Using cross-sectional time-series state-level data from 2005-2017, this study expands upon existing research in several important ways, including by investigating the effect of the non-Hispanic white working class. Results indicate that the passage of restrictive immigration legislation over the period of study was driven by increases in state-level inequality and increases in the size of the low-skilled white population. Implications for group threat theory are discussed.
[On respiratory stimulation by aminophenazol in global insufficiency due to chronic-obstructive diseases of the lungs (author's transl)].

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

For evaluation of a respiratory analeptic as supplementary therapy in global insufficiency blood gas analyses were performed on 19 patients under normal room air conditions as well as under oxygen breathing. It could be proved that with 2,4-diamino-5-phenylthiazol (aminophenazol; Daptazile) respiratory depression associated associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases can be influenced and that here is statistically significant improvement of respiration. Effects of mechanical breathing and hyperventilatin are discussed -- basing on the present evaluation results they need not be expected. Side effects were not registered. With simultaneous and exhaustive application of all therapeutic means for the remedy of pulmonary obstruction amiphenazol is recommended for use in cases of pulmonary hypoventilation and primary central respiratory depression.
Effect of ligustrazine on expression of transcription factor GATA-3 in asthmatic rats

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Objective To observe the effect of ligustrazine on the expression of the transcription factor GATA-3 in asthmatic rats.Methods Seventy-two SD rats (SPF) were randomly divided into six groups:normal control group(group A),asthmatic model group(group B),low-dose ligustrazine group (group C,20 mg/kg),medial-dose ligustrazine group(group D,40 mg/kg),high-dose ligustrazine group (group E,80 mg/kg) and dexamethasone group(group F),12 rats per group.The asthmatic model of SD rats was established by immunization with intraperitoneally injected and inhaled ovalbumin (OVA).The effect of the asthmatic model was evaluated by using animal respirator.Expressions of GATA-3 were measured with the way of half-ration of immunohistoehemiistry in the lungs of SD rats.Results In contrast with the expiratory airway resistance (Re) of each group after challenged by acetylcholine,the results showed the modeling method was success;Expressions of GATA-3 in group B were higher than in group A (P0.01);the difference was also significant when group C or group D or group E or group F was in contrast with group A (P0.01).In contrast with group B,expressions of GATA-3 in group C were lower (P0.01);the difference was also significant when group D or group E or group F was in contrast with group B (P0.01);the analysis of correlation indicated that the increasing of ligustrazine concentration was correlated negatively with expressions of GATA-3;there was no significant difference between group E and group F.Conclusions The high expressions of GATA-3 exist in bronchial asthmatic rats.Ligustrazine can reduce airway hyperresponsiveness and inhibit the expression of GATA-3.So ligustrazine can correct Th1/Th2 imbalance in asthmatic rats and cure asthma.
Hyperactivity of the medial thalamus in patients with photophobia‐associated migraine

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract Objective To examine cerebral functional alterations associated with sensory processing in patients with migraine and constant photophobia. Background Migraine is a common headache disorder that presents with photophobia in many patients during attacks. Furthermore, some patients with migraine experience constant photophobia, even during headache‐free intervals, leading to a compromised quality of life. Methods This prospective, case–control study included 40 patients with migraine (18 male and 22 female) who were recruited at an eye hospital and eye clinic. The patients were divided into two groups: migraine with photophobia group, consisting of 22 patients (10 male and 12 female) with constant photophobia, and migraine without photophobia group, consisting of 18 patients (eight male and 10 female) without constant photophobia. We used 18 F‐fluorodeoxyglucose and positron emission tomography to compare cerebral glucose metabolism between the two patient groups and 42 healthy participants (16 men and 26 women). Results Compared with the healthy group, both the migraine with photophobia and migraine without photophobia groups showed cerebral glucose hypermetabolism in the bilateral thalamus ( p < 0.05, family‐wise error‐corrected). Moreover, the contrast of migraine with photophobia minus migraine without photophobia patients showed glucose hypermetabolism in the bilateral medial thalamus ( p < 0.05, family‐wise error‐corrected). Conclusions The medial thalamus may be associated with the development of continuous photophobia in patients with migraine.
Perception and Perceptual-Motor Processes in Children with Down's Syndrome

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

SummarySome controversy exists regarding visual discrimination of form and its execution. The hypothesis that an inability to reproduce a display is not necessarily an indication that the display has been incorrectly perceived was examined in 34 mongol children (15 male, 19 female, mean CA 11.9 years) matched for MA with a control group of 25 normal children (10 male, 15 female, mean CA 4.2 years). Fifteen mongol children (six male and nine female) were identified who revealed perceptual deficits on block construction tests, and experimental work was conducted to determine the extent and nature of this impairment. The construction tests consisted of various displays made from five equal sized blocks. This was followed by an identification test consisting of two dimensional representations of the block designs printed on cards. All 15 mongol children were able to recognize and identify correctly a display from a selection which corresponded to a stimulus display, and 11 were able to go further and recognize a two dimensional representation of the stimulus. There was no significant difference between males and females. The experimental work reported here supports the hypothesis.
OSTEOMYELITIS VARIOLOSA

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Journal Article OSTEOMYELITIS VARIOLOSA Get access PETER COCKSHOTT, PETER COCKSHOTT University College HospitalIbadan, Nigeria Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar MALCOLM MAOGREGOR MALCOLM MAOGREGOR University College HospitalIbadan, Nigeria Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar QJM: An International Journal of Medicine, Volume 27, Issue 3, July 1958, Pages 369–387, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.qjmed.a066820 Published: 01 July 1958 Article history Received: 21 October 1957 Published: 01 July 1958
Effects of Supervisors' Sex, Focus, and Experience on Preferences for Interpersonal Power Bases

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The authors examined the effects that supervisor's sex, amount of supervisory experience, and supervisory focus had on preferences for the referent, expert, and legitimate power bases. Supervisors from seven counseling center training programs (20 women, 36 men) rated the utility of responses reflecting each power base in enhancing the professional development of a female trainee. Results indicated that men preferred the referent power base to a greater extent than did women and that supervisors with relatively little experience preferred the referent power base to a greater extent than did supervisors with more experience. Supervisors who focused on trainee self‐awareness preferred the expert power base to a greater extent than did supervisors who focused on the trainees' conceptualization skills. Significant differences were not found in the preferences for the legitimate power base. Results were discussed in terms of differences between counseling and supervisory‐relationships and the characteristics of each power base.
‘An Entirely Different Order of Writer’: A Re-Evaluation of Dinah Mulock Craik

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Dinah Craik is generally considered a conservative author of ‘domestic’ literature, yet, as this thesis argues, she wrote forthrightly on the key socio-political topics of the day, almost invariably challenging the mainstream viewpoint. Drawing from a broad range of Craik’s journalism and fiction, the thesis considers in particular how the reconfiguration of gender boundaries suggested in her work, is radical in its insistence that the requirements for virtue and fulfilment are essentially the same for both sexes. \nChapter One examines one of Craik’s periodical articles, ’War-sparkles’ (1855), an exceptional piece of journalism which encapsulates many of the key themes and values defining her work. Chapter Two explores Craik’s representations of masculinity. The hero of John Halifax, Gentleman, is commonly perceived as the product of an over-idealised view of men, but it is clear from the many essays and novels in which she vehemently condemns male conduct, that his portrayal is a reaction against the failure of the middle-classes to live up to the reformist ideals he embodies. Craik’s concept of gentlemanliness is explored further through her use of the figures of the clergyman, doctor, author, and disabled man, each illustrating her engagement with specific contemporary issues central to the construction of masculine identity. Chapter Three considers how Craik’s encouragement of female self-dependence through education and employment, and exposure of the damaging effects of ‘the want of something to do’, openly subverts the prevailing view of marriage as the only path to fulfilment, and reflects her generally pessimistic vision of domestic life. Her portrayals of self-reliant working women provide positive role models for her readers, but also reveal her understanding of the anxieties of single life. Craik’s sympathetic depictions of women who do not conform to the Victorian model of acceptable femininity, whether through physical impairment, race, or ‘fallenness’ are, it is suggested, further evidence of the progressive stance that makes her work so distinctive and compelling.
Analyzing Public Concerns on Mpox Using Natural Language Processing and Text Mining Approaches

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The World Health Organization (WHO) officially designated Mpox (Monkeypox) as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern on July 23, 2022. Since early May 2022, numerous endemic countries have been reporting the spread of Mpox, with alarming mortality rates have accompanied. This situation has prompted extensive discussions and deliberations among the general public through various social media platforms and health forums.This study proposes a natural language processing approach, specifically employing topic modeling techniques, to extract and analyze the public sentiments and perspectives regarding the escalating Mpox cases on a global scale. The results revealed several themes related to Mpox transmission, such as Mpox symptoms, international travel, government interventions, and homophobia from the user-generated content. The results further confirm that the general public has many stigmas and fears about the Mpox virus, which is prevalent in almost all topics.
Standardization of the Filovirus Plaque Assay for Use in Preclinical Studies

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The filovirus plaque assay serves as the assay of choice to measure infectious virus in a cell culture, blood, or homogenized tissue sample. It has been in use for more than 30 years and is the generally accepted assay used to titrate virus in samples from animals treated with a potential antiviral therapeutic or vaccine. As these animal studies are required for the development of vaccines and therapeutics under the FDA Animal Rule, it is essential to have a standardized assay to compare their efficacies against the various filoviruses. Here, we present an evaluation of the conditions under which the filovirus plaque assay performs best for the Ebola virus Kikwit variant and the Angola variant of Marburg virus. The indicator cell type and source, inoculum volumes, length of incubation and general features of filovirus biology as visualized in the assay are addressed in terms of the impact on the sample viral titer calculations. These optimization studies have resulted in a plaque assay protocol which can be used for preclinical studies, and as a standardized protocol for use across institutions, to aid in data comparison. This protocol will be validated for use in GLP studies supporting advanced development of filovirus therapeutics and vaccines.
Persistence of Colitis in Hirschsprungʼs Disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Enterocolitis, which is associated frequently with Hirschsprung's disease in the neonatal period, can be prolonged. Recurrence of symptoms has been reported even after surgical correction. We present a neonate with Hirschsprung's disease who developed enterocolitis, and in whom evidence of acute large bowel inflammation persisted until she was 16 months of age.
Nutritional aspects related to non-infectious diseases in locomotor system of broilers

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The maximum efficiency requirements in poultry include management, health, nutrition and environment. However, the interaction of these factors is not always met, generating malfunctions in the metabolism, physiology and anatomy. The incidence of leg weakness in rapidly growing birds has become a major concern in the poultry sector, not only due to poor performance and condemnation in processing plants, but also to compromised animal welfare. This article aims at reviewing the main nutrition-based diseases affecting the locomotor system of broiler chickens.