jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Who Believes It’s the Government’s Responsibility?

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Research has shown that intelligence correlates with different ideological and political beliefs, even when extensive controls are used. Based on data from the NLSY97 dataset, Belief in Governmental Responsibility (BGR) (r = -.35, 95 % CI -.40, -.30) and Belief in Individual Responsibility (BIR) (r = -.25, 95 % CI -.30, -.20) were both negatively correlated with general intelligence. Analysis using a bifactor model indicated that, independent of general intelligence, crystalized ability was negatively associated with BIR (path coefficient = -.24, p < .001). General intelligence was negatively related to both BIR (path coefficient = -.24, p < .001) and BGR (path coefficient = -.29, p < .001) according to structural equation modeling. Covariates such as race, sex, parental SES, income, and education could not account for these relationships. The relationship between ideological extremism and intelligence was also evaluated. Contrary to previous research, the correlation between political extremism and cognitive ability was weak and negligible for both BGR (r = -.008, p = .77) and BIR (r = -.07, p < .01). Keywords: Intelligence, IQ, Psychometrics, g factor, Political views
Reforms and Tendencies of the European Regional Policy-Analyze in the Context of Enlargements of UE(CEE)

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Since the European regional policy was born in the 1970s,there has been four times of important reforms in the context of four times of enlargements of UE(CEE).It appears several fundamental characteristics and tendencies in these reforms:augmentation of the budget,the strengthened Cohesion and Competitiveness as priorities of the European regional policy,simplified procedures with the process of decentralization.
ICSH-ISTH International Anticoagulant Control Study. I. Background and Co-ordination

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Numerous thromboplastins and control plasmas are now available for prothrombin time tests in the control of oral anticoagulants. Quality Control schemes are running in various countries, and a number of attempts are being made to standardize reagents. In addition, the National Institute for Biological Standards and Control (NIBS & C), London, holds for distribution five lyophylized thromboplastins which could serve as a primary and four secondary reference materials. Broadly-based data on the relative performance of the more widely-used reagents are therefore urgently needed, and the International Committee for Standards in Haematology, co-sponsored by the International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis, has established an Expert Panel on Oral Anticoagulant Control. An international collaborative study was conducted in the autumn of 1974 involving some 180 laboratories in 24 countries; 10 widely used thromboplastins, the NIBS & C materials and three series of lyophylized control plasmas representing different degrees of anticoagulant effect were tested in parallel with local working thromboplastins and fresh plasma samples from patients on anticoagulant treatment. The background, purpose and conduct of the trial will be described.
Tracking Control of Autonomous Car with Attention to Obstacle Using Model Predictive Control

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Previous research of MPC for path tracking and obstacle avoidance showed the car was able to evade obstacles while tracking the path but ineffectively and path tracking tests show an oscillating movement of the car. The research was done by varying cost function weights and the car was assumed to have a constant velocity. The best performance was obtained when the error weight is greater than the input weight. This research aims to use MPC for trajectory tracking and obstacle avoidance by using Linear Time Variant MPC (LTV MPC), where the trajectory tracking problem is defined by using a time-varying reference. MPC parameter is varied to find the best performing design. In the obstacle avoidance system, obstacle detection is done by measuring the distance between the instant car position and the obstacle position. While an obstacle is detected, a new lateral position constraint is calculated. Trajectory tracking tests are done using 2 types of tracks, sine wave, and lane changing. Obstacle avoidance tests are done using 1 obstacle and 2 obstacles. Results are evaluated using RMSE of car position, cost function, and the nearest distance between car and obstacle. Results show that MPC was able to evade obstacles while tracking the time-varying reference with 0.4 s delay. However, some variations were not able to meet the safe zone constraints for obstacle avoidance.
Workplace relationships and the innovative behaviour of nursing employees: a social exchange perspective

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This research examines the impact of two organisational factors on the innovative behaviour of nurses. More specifically, this research applies the dimensions of social exchange theory as a lens to develop an understanding into the mediating effect of perceived organisational support on the relationship between leader–member exchange and the innovative behaviour of nursing employees. This study uses a mixed‐methods approach, including a survey in which 104 nurses responded with useable results and semi‐structured interviews with 12 nursing unit managers (nursing supervisors). The findings confirm that perceived organisational support mediates the relationship between leader–member exchange and the innovative behaviour of nursing employees. This research adds to the current body of literature by providing insight into the impact of workplace relationships upon the individual innovativeness of nurses. In summary, this research provides new information for management seeking to develop an environment that fosters the innovative behaviour of employees.
Collecting Spatial Data with Unmanned Aerial Vehicle

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The paper briefly discusses the nature and advantages of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) as a spatial data acquisition method. This method and its possibilities are subject of scientific research in the area of geodesy, cadaster, architecture, construc tion of infrastructure objects and facilities, agricultural activities, cultural and historical heritage and even more over the last decades. This publication discusses in short, the principles and possibilities for creating a three - dimensional data model using the advantages of unmanned aerial vehicle. The building of University of Architecture, civil engineering and geodesy, situated in Semkovo resort, Blagoevgrad district is selected for the purpose of the task. Classical land surveying measurements with a to tal station and the data collected with an unmanned aerial vehicle are used for the creation of the three - dimensional model. A comparison and evaluation of the obtained model is made. The result of this evaluation indicates that the technology of unmanned aerial vehicle is efficient for representation of high - quality data with a wide scope of advantages such as high range, fast data collecting and processing .
3 tesla magnetic resonance imaging and multiplanar reconstruction of the brain and its associated structures in sheep

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

The purpose of the study was to scan the brain and related structures in sheep with high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and three-dimensional (3D) multiplanar reconstruction for defining the anatomical regions. Six adult sheep, three of six were male and three of six were female used as cadaver, were utilized in this research. Heads were scanned at 3 Tesla Siemens Magnetom Spin-Echo MRI devices using the human head coil. The processes were acquired in both T1 and T2 weighted slices and were reconstructed by using Leonardo workstation. The cranioencephalic structures and anatomical details were defined and labeled in all slice of 3 planes that were obtained 1 mm thickness sequential images in sagittal, frontal, and transversal planes. According to the MRI measurements obtained intracranially from the brain, the average value of length, height, and width of the brain were 87.1 ± 0.3, 46.8 ± 0.7, and 62.2 ± 0.4 mm, respectively. It was observed that in T1 weighted images were more effective to identify deep brain structures and anatomical details. On 3D reconstructed images obtained from the study can be used as a reference in head and brain MR scans in multidisciplinary studies where sheep are used as animal models.
A Method for PCB Localization Based on Improved Cramer-Rao Lower Bound Algorithm

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The precise positioning for the round mark point with high-speed and high-precision SMD was studied in this study. The standard circle, 3/4 circle, semicircle and several partial missing circle were fitted. In addition, a lot of noise and interference information were added in mark image to prove the strong robustness of this algorithm. Through the analysis of the fitting precisions of multiple information missing circles, it can be proved that the proposed algorithm has high fitting precision. Compared with the LSF algorithm and AF algorithm, this algorithm has higher precision in a low SNR circumstance. The algorithm detection speed is 2.6 times that of hough algorithm and 1.3 times that of the square method. The research results show that the precise and fast positioning of mark points in high-speed and high-precision surface mounting production can be achieved by using this algorithm.
POP-Brazil study protocol: a nationwide cross-sectional evaluation of the prevalence and genotype distribution of human papillomavirus (HPV) in Brazil

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction Human papillomavirus (HPV) is associated with the development of genital warts and different types of cancer, including virtually all cervical cancers and a considerable number of penile, anal and oropharyngeal cancers. Data regarding the prevalence of HPV infection in Brazil are limited and fragmented. We aim to determine HPV prevalence in sexually active women and men aged 16–25 years and to investigate regional differences in virus prevalence and types. Methods and analysis This is a nationwide, multicentric, cross-sectional, prospective study that will include participants aged 16–25 years from all Brazilian capital cities. Recruitment will occur in primary health units by trained health professionals who will be responsible for collecting biological samples and interviewing the volunteers. After signing informed consent, all participants will answer a questionnaire that will collect sociodemographic and behavioural data. All samples will be processed in a certified central laboratory, and strict quality control will be performed by many different procedures, including double data entry, training and certification of primary care health professionals responsible for data collection, simulation of interviews, and auditing and monitoring of visits. The sample size will be standardised based on the population distribution of each capital using SAS and R statistical software. Ethics and dissemination The project was approved by the research ethics committee of the main institution and the corresponding ethics committees of the recruitment sites. This will be the first Brazilian nationwide study to determine overall HPV prevalence and to examine regional differences and social, demographic and behavioural factors related to HPV infection. Critical analysis of the study results will contribute to epidemiological knowledge and will set a baseline for future evaluation of the impact of the National HPV Vaccination Program.
Formulating a Novel Model for Information Commerce (I-Commerce) and Consumer Purchase Intention: An Empirical Investigation in the Malaysian Context

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This study aims to develop a novel model for information commerce (I-commerce) and examine its relationship with purchase intention. As the landscape of electronic commerce (e-commerce) evolves towards this new paradigm of I-commerce, it is crucial to understand this transition. Despite its growing application and distinct role in the business sector, I-commerce remains relatively underexplored and underrecognized. The proposed model is designed to assist industry leaders who engage in online transactions by providing deeper insights into customer needs and preferences. Additionally, given that this may be one of the first studies to investigate I-commerce in detail, it holds the potential to offer significant contributions to the field of online marketing.
The effect of contextualizing strategy on vocabulary learning in teaching Turkish language to foreigners<p>Yabancılara Türkçe öğretiminde bağlamlaştırma stratejisinin sözcük öğrenimine etkisi

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

<div><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="left"><tbody><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><p>This study aims to determine the effect of contextualizing strategy on vocabulary learning in teaching Turkish as a foreign language. An experimental design was used with pretest-posttest control group. The research participants were 38 foreign students learning Turkish as a foreign language at the A2 level. A vocabulary test with 20 words taught at a higher level and comprising both noun and verb roots was used as a data collection tool. Following the pretest, the data collection tool words were taught to the experimental group by contextualizing them, and taught to the control group without contextualization. The vocabulary test was administered once more following the procedure. According to the posttest comparisons, the contextualizing strategy positively affected vocabulary learning and was statistically significant. Additionally, research results showed that nouns were learned better than verbs using contextualizing strategy.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Özet</strong></p><div><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="left"><tbody><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><p>Bu araştırmanın amacı, Türkçenin yabancı dil olarak öğretiminde bağlamlaştırma stratejisinin sözcük öğrenimindeki etkisini saptamaktır. Öntest-sontest kontrol gruplu deneysel desende yürütülen araştırmanın katılımcılarını Türkçeyi yabancı dil olarak öğrenen A2 düzeyindeki 38 yabancı uyruklu öğrenci oluşturmuştur. Veri toplama aracı olarak bir üst düzeyde öğretilen ad ve eylem kökenli 20 sözcükten oluşan sözcük testi kullanılmıştır. Yapılan öntestten sonra veri toplama aracında bulunan sözcükler deney grubuna bağlam içinde, kontrol grubuna bağlam kullanılmadan öğretilmiştir. İşlem sonrasında sözcük testi yeniden uygulanmıştır. Sontest karşılaştırmaları sonucunda bağlamlaştırma stratejisinin sözcük öğrenimini olumlu yönde ve istatistiksel olarak anlamlı düzeyde etkilediği saptanmıştır. Araştırma sonuçları, ayrıca bağlam içinde adların eylemlerden daha iyi öğrenildiğini de ortaya koymuştur.</p></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
Development of a Novel Enzyme-Targeting Radiosensitizer (New KORTUC) Using a Gelatin-Based Hydrogel Instead of a Sodium Hyaluronate

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

We recently developed Kochi Oxydol-Radiation Therapy for Unresectable Carcinomas (KORTUC) as a strategy to increase intratumoral oxygen concentrations and degrade antioxidant enzymes such as peroxidase and catalase. We then developed KORTUC II, which uses sodium hyaluronate containing hydrogen peroxide as a radiosensitizer. KORTUC II requires twice-weekly administration to sustain its effects, but decreasing the frequency of radiosensitizer injections to once-weekly would reduce the burden on the patients and the physicians. The goal of this study was thus to develop a new formulation of KORTUC (New KORTUC) that only requires once-weekly administration. We performed experimental studies using a mouse tumor model and biodegradable hydrogel. C3H/He mice were allocated to control, KORTUC, or hydrogel groups. At 72 h after injection, each tumor was irradiated with a 6 MeV electron beam to a total dose of 30 Gy. During a 62-day observation period, changes in tumor volume and survival rates were assessed in each group. Tumor growth rate was slowest in the hydrogel groups. These data suggest that hydrogel could represent a useful adjunct as a long-acting radiosensitizer in place of sodium hyaluronate. New KORTUC, which contains hydrogen peroxide and hydrogel, exerted a radiosensitizing effect that persisted beyond 72 h following injection of the agent. Use of this new formulation allows radiosensitizer injections to be performed once-weekly with good effect.
Immunomodulatory effects of β-defensin 2 on tumor-associated macrophages induced antitumor function in breast cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background : TAMs express cytokines and chemokines that can suppress antitumor immunity and promote tumor progression. The immunomodulatory and antitumor function of β-defensin 2 is still unclear, despite the evidence of infection response. So, this study aims to investigate the association between β-defensin 2 and TAMs and determine the role in tumor-promoting attributes of TAMs reversal of phenotype in tumor regression. Methods: Swiss albino mice and C127i breast cancer cell line were used in this study. C127i conditioned media was prepared and generated macrophage-derived TAM to study antitumor function. Flow cytometry was performed for phenotype identification of macrophages and TAMs. MTT was performed to estimate cytotoxicity and dose optimization of β-defensin 2. Oxidative stress was analyzed by H 2 O 2 and NO estimation, and qPCR was performed for iNOS, cytokines and chemokines quantification. Results: PEC harvested macrophages were characterized by flow-cytometry using F4/80, CD11c antibodies with 98% pure population of macrophages and cultured in C127i conditioned media for 7 days. TAM markers were estimated, and it was found that 98 % expression of F4/80, CD-206, and CD-115 expression compared to macrophages. Purified 100ng/ml of β-defensin 2 was used to stimulate the TAMs 98% population was viable, which was confirmed by cell viability assay. ROS levels decreased (TAMs alone p<0.05, TAMs treated p<0.001) compared to control. IL-6, IL-10, IL-3, TNF-α, and TGF-β and CXCL-1, CXCL-5, CXCL-15, CCL-24, and CCL-5 decreased drastically compared to control. Conclusion: This is the first report of β-defensin 2 on TAMs to elucidate the immunomodulatory and anti-tumor function. It was found that the cytokines and chemokines molecules, ROS expression, pliably changed, which facilitates tumor regression. β-defensin 2 is a new therapeutic target peptide to revert tumor-promoting function.
Peripheral Sensorimotor Neuropathy Associated with a Localized Myeloma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Leptospirosis-Parsons MEDICAL JOURNAL 203routine cardiography in patients with uncomplicated leptospirosis are specifically due to that disease.Indeed, it seems probable that they are the non-specific result of a febrile infection.However, previous reports make it clear that pericarditis, endocarditis, and arrhythmias also occur in leptospirosis.These conditions are not seen in artificially induced fever, and cannot be accounted for in this way.Their pathogenesis is unknown, but they could be due to spontaneous bleeding in the myocardium or pericardium.Spontaneous bleeding often occurs in leptospirosis.Nearly half the patients in this series bled from the lungs, the intestine, the skin, the nose, beneath the conjunctiva, or into the cerebro- spinal fluid.A fifth had microscopic haematuria.This bleeding could be very severe indeed.Thus one patient who subsequently recovered from a gross generalized haemorrhagic tendency showed a fall of haemoglobin from 100% to 47%,6 (packed cell volume 19%h) in seven days.A necropsy on a similar fatal case seen elsewhere in Malaya showed that the lungs, pleura, gastro-intestinal tract, retroperitoneal spaces, kidneys, heart, and pericardium were riddled with easily visible haemorrhages of varying sizes.Haemorrhage of this severity is uncommon, but milder internal bleeding must often occur.It is not necessary to surmise such an event to explain the E.C.G. changes observed in this series, but the occurrence of such a spontaneous bleed into the pericardium or into the mvocardium near the conducting tissue could, as suggested by Hume and Szekely (1944), account for the cardiac abnormalities not attributed to exudates, infiltrates, sympathetic overactivity, and fever. SummarySerial electrocardiographic studies were done on 25 patients with leptospirosis and 18 patients with malaria who had no evidence of cardiovascular disease on routine clinical examination.Identical abnormalities were found in the majority of records in the two groups.After comparison with findings reported in artificial hyper- pyrexia, it is concluded that the abnormalities are the non- specific result of a febrile infection.A possible cause of arrhythmias and pericarditis in lepto- spirosis is discussed.I wish to thank Dr.
What is the importance of age at menarche on adult height relative to other known factors

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives: To analyze the association between age at menarche, as a measure of sexual maturation, and adult height from ten published studies. Methods: Compared published measurements of age at menarche, adult height, and within-sample relationships observed in ten studies, for women from several societies and socioeconomic backgrounds, living in the 20th century, Results: In these studies, early maturers were taller during pre-puberty, but had shorter adult height then later maturers. Late maturers experience a longer period of pre-pubertal growth and a delayed age of peak height velocity, leading to an extended overall time of growth, until adult stature was obtained. Conclusions: Improved living conditions and energy balance increase childhood growth rate, and are associated with an earlier puberty, and shorter duration of growth. In developed countries duration of growth may play an increasingly important role in adult stature.
Abstract 335: Association of Amyloidosis With In-hospital & 30-day Outcomes Among Patients Hospitalized With Heart Failure

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives: Cardiac amyloidosis is an underdiagnosed cause of heart failure (HF). We investigated the prevalence and impact of amyloidosis in HF. Methods: All hospitalizations for primary diagnosis of HF between January 1, 2010, and August 31, 2015 were identified in the National Readmission Database (NRD). Of these, hospitalizations with amyloidosis were matched in a 3:1 fashion to hospitalizations without amyloidosis using the year of admission, discharge quarter, age, sex, and Charlson comorbidity index. Primary outcomes of interest were inpatient mortality and 30-day readmission. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate the association of HF with amyloidosis with adverse clinical outcomes. Results: Overall, 2,846 (0.2%) hospitalizations had HF with amyloidosis. Hospitalizations for HF with amyloidosis had a higher prevalence of renal disease (56% vs. 45%), atrial fibrillation (48% vs 42%) and malignancy (20% vs 4%) as compared with HF without amyloidosis. In adjusted analyses, HF with amyloidosis had higher odds of in-hospital mortality (6% vs. 3%; OR 1.60, 95% CI 1.28, 2.00), 30-day readmission (OR 1.18, 95% CI 1.06, 1.32), and longer length of stay (CIE 1.73, 95% CI 1.44, 2.03). Among the HF with amyloidosis group, there were similar incidences of CV and non-CV-related readmissions (48% and 52%, respectively), but HF was the most common primary readmission diagnosis, constituting 35% of all readmissions. The incidence of inpatient mortality and 30-day readmission did not change significantly over time during the study period for either HF hospitalizations with or without amyloidosis. Conclusion: In decompensated HF, presence of amyloidosis was associated with higher risk of inpatient mortality and 30-day readmission.