jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Unique Gut Microbiome Signatures Depict Diet-Versus Genetically Induced Obesity in Mice

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The gut microbiome plays an important role in obesity and Type 2 diabetes (T2D); however, it remains unclear whether the gut microbiome could clarify the dietary versus genetic origin of these ailments. Moreover, studies examining the gut microbiome in diet- versus genetically induced obesity/T2D in the same experimental set-up are lacking. We herein characterized the gut microbiomes in three of the most widely used mouse models of obesity/T2D, i.e., genetically induced (leptin-deficient i.e., Lepob/ob; and leptin-receptor-deficient i.e., Lepdb/db) and high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese (DIO)/T2D mice, with reference to their normal chow-fed (NC) and low-fat-diet-fed (LF) control counterparts. In terms of β-diversity, Lepob/ob and Lepdb/db mice showed similarity to NC mice, whereas DIO and LF mice appeared as distinct clusters. The phylum- and genus-level compositions were relatively similar in NC, Lepob/ob, and Lepdb/db mice, whereas DIO and LF mice demonstrated distinct compositions. Further analyses revealed several unique bacterial taxa, metagenomic functional features, and their correlation patterns in these models. The data revealed that obesity/T2D driven by diet as opposed to genetics presents distinct gut microbiome signatures enriched with distinct functional capacities, and indicated that these signatures can distinguish diet- versus genetically induced obesity/T2D and, if extrapolated to humans, might offer translational potential in devising dietary and/or genetics-based therapies against these maladies.
Ex-Ante Adoption of New Cooking Banana (Matooke) Hybrids in Uganda Based on Farmers' Perceptions

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Despite the research efforts to introduce the newly developed, improved banana ’Matooke’ hybrids to the farming communities in Uganda, to date no attempt has been made to document the likelihood of farmer adoption of these hybrid bananas in Uganda. The paper has analyzed farmers’ perceptions regarding the newly developed improved Matooke hybrid banana attributes in Uganda to ex ante understand farmers’ likelihood of adoption of these varieties. Descriptive statistics and data reduction techniques (like factor analysis) were used to define the potential explanatory variables affecting adoption. Following this, a Zero Inflated Poisson (ZIP) regression model was applied to estimate the effect of farmers’ perceptions about the hybrid banana attributes and other factors on the likelihood of adoption of the Matooke hybrid banana variety. The results show that, compared to Mbwazirume – a local variety used as a reference, four of the hybrid banana varieties considered are perceived to be better in terms of production characteristics (resistance to sigatoka, weevils, nematodes, tolerance to poor soils, good bunch size, sucker production) but are regarded as inferior in terms of consumption characteristics (taste, colour when cooked, flavour). The hybrid M9 is regarded as having a relatively good performance with respect to most of the production and consumption characteristics. The results of the ZIP regression analysis, including farmer characteristics like gender, family size, age and farmer perceptions of varietal attributes, disease and pests, yield and agronomic attributes, were positively associated with the likely adoption of most of the hybrid bananas. In collaboration with extension agents, variety M9 could be disseminated to a wider farming community targeting, larger households, younger farmers and relatively farmers with large size of land.
Three Policy Pathways for Federal Health Care Funding in Canada

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Federal health care funding has long been a source of policy debate in this country, a situation exacerbated recently by the COVID-19 pandemic and the calls by premiers for a massive expansion of the Canada Health Transfer. In this paper, after briefly reviewing the evolution of federal health care funding in Canada since the 1950s, we formulate three potential policy pathways federal policymakers might consider in order to improve health care funding in the country. The first pathway is the status quo, which simply preserves the Canada Health Transfer (CHT) as is. Explaining what the status quo entails is important to gauge the potential impact of the two other pathways we formulate, which depart from the status quo in a significant manner: first, the implementation of demographic adjustments that add to CHT as populations age; and second, the creation of a joint federal-provincial-territorial taxation regime. While the second pathway would constitute a form incremental change, the third one would be transformative in nature and, therefore, more challenging to implement, which is not a reason to exclude it for consideration, especially if we take a more long-term view of potential policy change in fiscal federalism. These three potential pathways should allow policymakers to consider how to adapt to changing circumstances while addressing the concerns of citizens and the demands of provincial/territorial governments. We do not support one or another of these policy pathways; instead, we explain what they are and what impact they could have, leaving the reader decide what option they prefer.
Dialog Antara Filsafat dan Agama Kristen Tentang Pemahaman Rasionalitas dan Tujuan Manusia

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The relationship between philosophy and Christianity is a complex subject that has been the focus of debate for centuries. Essentially, both philosophy and religion play important roles in shaping human thought and worldview. However, there are various views and approaches to the relationship between them. On one hand, there is a traditional view among some Christians who see philosophy as something potentially dubious or even threatening to faith. They may argue that Christianity is the primary source of truth, and therefore, efforts to understand reality through the lens of philosophy may lead to deviations from religious teachings. On the other hand, philosophers often question the compatibility between philosophical intellectualism and religious belief. They may emphasize the importance of using reason and rational methods to achieve a deeper understanding of the world and truth, which may not always align with religious dogmas.History records attempts to reconcile philosophy and Christianity. Some figures such as Justin Martyr and Clement of Alexandria sought to integrate ideas from classical Greek philosophy into the framework of Christian thought. They viewed philosophy as a useful tool for defending and explaining the truth of the Christian faith to skeptics or critical thinkers. However, not all Christians embraced this approach warmly. Some believe that such efforts could cause confusion or even undermine the authenticity of Christian teachings. This could lead to conflict between those who adhere to the traditional approach and those who are more open to dialogue between philosophy and religion. Nevertheless, the debate between philosophy and Christianity continues to this day. Despite tensions between them, this interaction has also enriched our understanding of both fields. Through continuous dialogue and reflection, we can gain deeper insights into the origins, meanings, and relevance of Christian teachings in the context of the modern world.
Toxoplasma gondii Intravacuolar-Network-Associated Dense Granule Proteins Regulate Maturation of the Cyst Matrix and Cyst Wall

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Toxoplasma gondii establishes chronic infection in humans by forming thick-walled cysts that persist in the brain. If host immunity wanes, cysts reactivate to cause severe, and often lethal, toxoplasmic encephalitis. There is no available therapy to eliminate cysts or to prevent their reactivation. Moreover, how the vital and characteristic cyst matrix and cyst wall structures develop is poorly understood. Here, we visualized and tracked the localization of Toxoplasma intravacuolar-network-associated dense granule (GRA) proteins during cyst development in vitro . Intravacuolar-network GRAs were present within the cyst matrix and at the cyst wall in developing cysts, and genetic deletion of intravacuolar-network-associated GRAs reduced the rate of accumulation of cyst wall material at the cyst periphery. Our results show that intravacuolar-network-associated GRAs, particularly GRA2 and GRA12, play dynamic and essential roles in the development and maturation of the cyst matrix and the cyst wall structures.
The New Age, Christianity, and Bioethics

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Journal Article The New Age, Christianity, and Bioethics Get access Nicholas Capaldi Nicholas Capaldi Loyola University New OrleansNew Orleans, LA, USA Address correspondence to: Nicholas Capaldi, Ph.D., College of Business Administration, Loyola University, 6363 St., Charles Ave., New Orleans, LA 70118, USA. E-mail: ncapaldi@mindspring.com Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Christian bioethics: Non-Ecumenical Studies in Medical Morality, Volume 8, Issue 3, 2002, Pages 283–294, https://doi.org/10.1076/chbi.8.3.283.14384 Published: 01 January 2002
Beneficiation of Himmetoǧlu Oil Shale by Flotation as a Solid Fuel Substitute. Part 2. Process Optimization by a Statistical Approach

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The effects of the important flotation parameters on the cleaning process of the Himmetoglu oil shale from Turkey were investigated. The individual and multiple interaction effects of conditioning time, flotation time, pulp density, particle size, and frother dosage were determined using statistical analysis and factorial design of experiments. The influence of these parameters on the cleaning performance were evaluated in terms of ash yield, calorific value, and combustible recovery of the concentrates. XRD studies were also carried out to view the variations in the organic and inorganic content of the concentrates. Optimum parameter conditions, which provided the most effective cleaning, were determined by the applied model. It was seen that all parameters affected the flotation performance with varying degrees of significance. At optimum conditions, flotation performance increased and the ash yield of the concentrate decreased to 16.81% with 84.10% combustible recovery, and the calorific value increased to 5564.02 kcal/kg. XRD spectra revealed that the extent of mineral matter removal depended on the flotation performance, and the inorganic matter was effectively removed at optimum conditions.
Tillage, fertiliser and glyphosate timing effects on foxtail barley (Hordeum jubatum) management in wheat

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Foxtail barley (Hordeum jubatum L.) is becoming a more severe weed problem as conservation tillage becomes widely adopted on the southern Canadian prairies. A 5-yr field study was conducted to determine the combined effects of tillage, N rate, N placement and application timing of glyphosate to manage foxtail barley in spring wheat. Wide-blade tillage conducted in fall and spring, compared to zero-till, reduced foxtail barley biomass and seed production in all yr and increased wheat yield in 4 of 5 yr. Foxtail barley was highly competitive with wheat for added N. N fertiliser placed mid-row in 10-cm-deep bands reduced foxtail barley growth in 2 of 5 yr and increased wheat yield in 3 of 5 yr compared with soil surface broadcast N. Wheat yield sometimes was similar when N was banded at 60 kg ha −1 or broadcast at 120 kg ha −1 , indicating the large advantage of banding N in some situations. Glyphosate at 800 g ha −1 applied preharvest or postharvest gave similar levels of foxtail barley control in 2 of 3 yr. Results indicate that foxtail barley can be adequately managed in wheat production systems utilizing conservation tillage. Key words: Foxtail barley, Hordeum jubatum, glyphosate, integrated weed management, nitrogen placement, zero tillage
The NLRP3 Activation in Infiltrating Macrophages Contributes to Corneal Fibrosis by Inducing TGF-β1 Expression in the Corneal Epithelium

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

These observations revealed that the NLRP3 inflammasome activation in infiltrating macrophages contributes to corneal fibrosis by regulating corneal epithelial TGF-β1 expression. Targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome might be a promising strategy for the treatment of corneal scarring.
Widespread Rapid Quenching at Cosmic Noon Revealed by JWST Deep Spectroscopy

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Massive quiescent galaxies in the young Universe are expected to be quenched rapidly, but it is unclear whether they all experience starbursts before quenching and what physical mechanism drives rapid quenching. We study 14 massive quiescent galaxies ( log ( M ⋆ / M ⊙ ) > 10 ) at z ∼ 2 selected from a representative sample of the Blue Jay survey. We reconstruct their star formation histories (SFHs) by fitting spectral energy distribution models to the JWST/NIRSpec R ∼ 1000 spectra. We find that massive quiescent galaxies can be split into three categories with roughly equal numbers of galaxies according to their SFHs: (1) relatively old galaxies quenched at early epochs; (2) galaxies that are rapidly and recently quenched after a flat or bursty formation history (depending on the assumed prior); and (3) galaxies that are rapidly and recently quenched after a major starburst. Most recently quenched galaxies show neutral gas outflows, probed by blueshifted Na i D absorption, and ionized gas emission, with line ratios consistent with active galactic nucleus (AGN) diagnostics. This suggests that AGN activity drives multiphase gas outflows, leading to rapid quenching. By tracing back the SFHs of the entire sample, we predict the number density of massive quiescent galaxies at z = 4–6: n = (1.5–6.0) × 10 −5 Mpc −3 . The two old massive quiescent galaxies in our sample appear to have extremely early formation and quenching ( z ≳ 6) and are possibly descendants of early post-starbursts at z > 3. These galaxies still show neutral gas reservoirs and weak H α emission, perhaps because the ejective AGN feedback that caused rapid quenching has weakened over time.
The Challenge of Managing Employee Tenure in China

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

China has easily become one of the greatest arenas of cross-cultural management research. With ever rising foreign investment in China, managers and scholars have gained awareness of many cultural and institutional barriers to successful China operations. We focus on the difficulties of retaining qualified Chinese employees as a challenge that has grown so large that it can no longer be tackled by human resource (HR) professionals alone, but has become a major concern for managers at all levels. So far, this challenge has not been regarded as an international or cross-cultural issue as such, but has been investigated within firms of different nationalities. We, in contrast, argue that employee tenure is linked with firm nationality and should therefore be compared across nationalities.
Stability-indicating RP-LC method for quantification of fusidic acid in cream

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Fusidic acid is an antibiotic steroid indicated for the treatment of infections caused by the genus Staphylococcus, including methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains, and other Gram-positive bacteria. In the present study, a stability-indicating reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RP-LC) method was developed and validated for the determination of fusidic acid in dermatological cream as an alternative to existing methods. Analyses were performed using a C18 column and guard column at room temperature, eluting with an isocratic mobile phase of acetonitrile and water (72:28, v/v), adjusted to pH 3.5 with acetic acid, pumped at a flow rate of 1.0 mL min-1, detection at 210 nm and 20 µL of injection volume. The forced degradation study was conducted under acidic, alkaline, neutral, photolytic, and oxidative stress conditions. The method was validated according to ICH and FDA guidelines; it was linear, precise, accurate, selective, and robust over concentrations of 5-95 µg mL-1, with detection and quantification limits of 0.43 and 1.31 μg mL-1, respectively. Therefore, we conclude that this method is suitable for quantifying fusidic acid in pharmaceutical dermatological creams and determining its stability, representing a more economical and practical alternative for routine analysis in quality control.
Toxoplasma gondii: inhibition of the intracellular growth by human lactoferrin.

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

In the present paper we focused on the potential role of human lactoferrin for the intracellular replication rate of T. gondii BK tachyzoites following our earlier observation that Toxoplasma gondii was able to bind human lactoferrin but not serum transferrin. The study was performed in vitro on human CaCo-2 epithelial cells and mouse L929 fibroblasts. We found that the multiplication of the parasite was inhibited by lactoferrin in both cell lines used. However, the direct cytotoxic effect on the parasite and the host cells was not observed. The intracellular growth of T. gondii was not affected when tachyzoites or host cells were only pre-coated with human lactoferrin. The results suggest that lactoferrin does not influence parasites penetration into host cells but could trigger unknown antiparasitic mechanisms in the infected cells.
Implementation of a play area in a pediatric hospitalization unit through university outreach

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Objective to describe the experience of implementing a play area in a pediatric hospitalization unit as part of a university outreach project. Methods this is an experience report detailing the creation of a play area in the pediatric unit of a public university hospital located in the interior of the state of São Paulo. The 5W2H management and planning tool was used to structure the actions. Results activities in the play area involved 1,184 children diagnosed with chronic and acute illnesses, ranging in age from seven months to 17 years, between October 2022 and September 2024. During free play with toys and games, as well as artistic workshops, children were able to play without restrictions despite their health challenges. These activities were supported by undergraduate and graduate students, including scholarship holders, from various fields of study. Conclusions and implications for practice play areas and professionals who encourage play are essential to mitigate the effects of illness and hospitalization. University outreach programs can also contribute to the professional and civic development of students, fostering a sense of engagement and responsibility.
Postinfarct Left Ventricular Remodelling: A Prevailing Cause of Heart Failure

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Heart failure is a chronic disease with high morbidity and mortality, which represents a growing challenge in medicine. A major risk factor for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction is a history of myocardial infarction. The expansion of a large infarct scar and subsequent regional ventricular dilatation can cause postinfarct remodelling, leading to significant enlargement of the left ventricular chamber. It has a negative prognostic value, because it precedes the clinical manifestations of heart failure. The characteristics of the infarcted myocardium predicting postinfarct remodelling can be studied with cardiac magnetic resonance and experimental imaging modalities such as diffusion tensor imaging can identify the changes in the architecture of myocardial fibers. This review discusses all the aspects related to postinfarct left ventricular remodelling: definition, pathogenesis, diagnosis, consequences, and available therapies, together with experimental interventions that show promising results against postinfarct remodelling and heart failure.
Hardship in Bulgarian Law

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The article deals with the legal treatment of hardship(change of circumstances) in \nBulgarian law trying to show where it stands in comparison with other legislations (Germany, \nEngland, USA) and international legal instruments (Unidroit Principles on International Commercial \nContracts and Principles of European Contract Law). An overall picture of the different approaches to \nhardship is concisely presented. Hardship prerequisites and effects are analyzed with a stress on \nspecific problems identified in some recent Bulgarian court decisions. Attention is drawn to certain. \nconcepts and reasoning in other legal systems that may be helpful to Bulgarian theory and practice \nwhen dealing with hardship cases.
Tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) PhosphateIs the Key Toxicant in Aged Polyvinyl Chloride Microplastics to Wheat(Triticum aestivum L.) Roots

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Polyvinyl chloride microplastics (PVC-MPs) pollution is drawing increasing attention, especially due to concerns about the environmental safety of the diverse additives that they contain. To date, few ecotoxicity data are available for PVC MP-derived chemicals. Here, wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seedling roots were used to comparatively evaluate the toxicity of three commonly studied PVC MP-derived chemicals (2,4-dimethyl-6-s-hexadecylphenolIrganox 1076 and tris (2,4-ditert-butylphenyl) phosphateIrgafos 168-ox, and erucamideEru). These chemicals were evaluated individually and in combination. Exposure to these chemicals caused dose-dependent reductions in root dry weight (0.39%–19.29%) and root length (0.11%–8.15%). While Irganox 1076 and Eru had minimal impact on root activity and the antioxidant system, Irgafos 168-ox and its mixture induced significant elevations of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, and APX) activities and antioxidants (AsA and GSH) concentrations in the roots, enhancing the antioxidant level. Our findings indicate that the coexposure of PVC MP-derived chemicals exerts an additive effect on antioxidant response inhibition. Irgafos 168-ox showed stronger effects with the maximum toxic concentration of 10 mg L–1, whether alone or in additive mixtures, due to its higher potential for root accumulation and oxidative stress induction. These results highlight the need for further research into ecological risks of PVC MP-derived chemicals, particularly under combined exposure scenarios.
Threshold of War: Franklin D. Roosevelt and American Entry into World War II

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Journal Article Threshold of War: Franklin D. Roosevelt and American Entry into World War II. By Waldo Heinrichs. (New York: Oxford University Press, 1988. xiv + 279 pp. $21.95.) Get access Wayne S. Cole Wayne S. Cole University of Maryland, College Park Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of American History, Volume 76, Issue 3, December 1989, Pages 979–980, https://doi.org/10.2307/2936532 Published: 01 December 1989
Binucleate cells and liver karyometry.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Liver karyometry of uni- and binucleate cells was compared with karyometric measurements excluding binucleate cells in pervinous regions of rat liver parenchyma. Depending on their percentage of the cell population and due to their smaller nuclear size binucleate cells decrease nuclear volume means and the main maximum of frequency distributions of nuclear size (karyometric curves) but increase the lower second maximum in the range of smaller nuclear volumes. The main characteristics of the course of the curves, however, remain unchanged.