jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Production of Antibiotics by Geophilic Dermatophytes

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

The geophilic dermatophytes Trichophyton terrestre, Keratinomyces ajelloi, Microsporon cookei and Microsporon gypseum were tested for antibacterial capacity against Staphylococcus aureus and some gram negative rods. M. cookei showed a marked, M. gypseum and J. terrestre a slight inhibitory effect on all tested strains of Staphylococcus aureus. This is, as far as the authors are aware, the first report on antibacterial properties of M. cookei.
Knowledge, attitudes and experiences of menopause among “early” and “on-time” women

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Purpose Attitudes, experiences and knowledge about menopause are relevant, especially when menopause starts earlier than expected. This study aims to examine women who underwent this transition “early” and “on-time” according to these factors. Design/methodology/approach The sample included 117 women, 69 with “on-time” and 48 with premature menopause. Participants completed three questionnaires. Findings Women with premature menopause had a better understanding of it but more negative attitudes and a higher incidence of physical and psychological symptoms, although they indicated greater feelings of control over their symptoms. Moreover, “early” menopause women appeared to exhibit greater anxiety. Practical implications Results underscore the need to inform women about menopause as a natural developmental process. Originality/value This paper shows the menopause as a difficult transition especially for women with early menopause.
Toward Securing Cloud-Based Data Analytics: A Discussion on Current Solutions and Open Issues

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In the last few years, organizations and business professionals have realized the value of collaborative data analytics in supporting decision-making. Where several activities are performed on online data by different stakeholders, such as cleansing, aggregation, analysis, and visualization, cloud-based data analytics has become a favored choice for business professionals due to the elasticity, availability, scalability, and pay-as-you-go features offered by cloud computing. However, large amounts of data stored on the cloud are very sensitive (e.g., innovation, financial, legal, and customers' data), and so data privacy remains one of the top concerns for many reasons; mainly those relating to legal or competition issues. In this paper, we review the security and cryptographic mechanisms which aim to make data analytics secure in a cloud environment and discuss current research challenges.
No Bubble: Contemporary Lives in the African Academy

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Barnes and Roderick developed a generic, theoretical framework for vegetation modeling across scales. Inclusion of a self-thinning mechanism connects the individual to the larger-scale population and, being based on the conservation of mass, all mass flux processes are integral to the formulation. Significantly, disturbance (both regular and stochastic) and its impact at larger scales are included in the formulation. The purpose of this paper is to illustrate how this model can be used to predict patch and ecosystem dry mass, and consequently system carbon. Examples from pine plantations and mixed forests are considered, with these applications requiring estimates of system carrying capacity and the growth rates of individual plants. The results indicate that the model is relatively simple and straightforward to apply, and its predictions compare well with the data. A significant feature of this approach is that the impact of local scale data on the dynamics of larger patch and ecosystem scales can be determined explicitly, as we show by example. Further, the general formulation has an analytic solution based on characteristics of the individual, facilitating practical and predictive application.
Product Placement in the Norwegian Market - Is product placement a valid tool for marketers in Norway?

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Product placement has been experiencing a surge of popularity the past 15 years, often explained by the drop of interest in commercials. Especially in the U.S. it has grown to become a billion dollar industry. However, in Norway it does not experience the same degree of popularity, despite becoming a legal marketing tool in 2013. This paper sets out to see what effects product placement has on the Norwegian people, with Norwegian brands. Cultural differences between continents and even countries highlight the need for a study focused outside the American culture. Contrary to earlier research on the subject, we chose to focus on purchase intention, and how it may change due to the influence from product placement. We also included attitudes, and tested the proposed relationship between the two subjects. In addition, we tried to see how it measures up against the traditional commercial. Through an experiment performed on a representable sample of the population, we discovered that product placement can indeed have a positive effect on the purchase intention of Norwegian consumers. In the right setting it can increase purchase intention without necessarily affecting attitudes. At the same time, our results showed that there is a danger of producing a negative effect on both attitudes and purchase intention. In addition, product placement exhibits a larger, more positive effect in terms of influencing Norwegian consumers than commercials. Due to this, we are suggesting an increased usage of product placement, especially when introducing weaker brands to the market.
Pesticide Residues in Composited Milk Collected Through the U.S. Pasteurized Milk Network

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has implemented a comprehensive monitoring program to determine the incidence and levels of organohalogen pesticide residues in milk representing most of the U.S. supply consumed in metropolitan areas. Residue findings for 806 composite milks collected through the Pasteurized Milk Program by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in 1990-1991 are reported. Milk was collected on a monthly basis from 63 stations selected by EPA for radionuclide monitoring. These stations provide an estimated 80% of the milk delivered to U.S. population centers. At each station, milk from selected sources had been composited to represent the milk routinely consumed in its metropolitan area. Portions of these composites were forwarded to an FDA contract laboratory for pesticide residue analysis. Pesticide residues were found in 398 (49.4%) of 806 test samples, on the basis of a 0.0005 ppm limit of detection for each residue on a whole-product basis. A total of 455 occurrences of pesticide residues were found; p,p’-DDE and dieldrin accounted for 384 (84.4%) of these occurrences. The highest level was 0.019 ppm p,p’- DDE.
Construcción de subjetividad en el recreo

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In this article, from an ethnographic perspective and using field notes, participant observation, interviews, and social mapping, as information gathering techniques, the researchers narrate everything that emerges from playtime, through the relationship with some students of the School "Soacha para vivir mejor", in the municipality of Soacha, Cundinamarca, from their experiences and the voices of boys and girls of 7, 8 and 9 years old, the construction of subjectivities is analyzed in relation to the conceptual positions of González (2012), Piedrahita, Díaz and Vommaro. (2012), Torres (2006) and Winnicot (1982). Places such as the snack shop, stairs, the soccer field, among others, discover the subjectivities of children during the playtime. The recognition of these places is as a characteristic of the experiences of students, as well as their voices, tastes, and relationships with their classmates and adults are some of the narratives of children about what they consider playtime. This article synthesizes the research about the development of subjectivities in that time of the school routine and all that this means in the evolution of subjectivity.
Credit Market Consequences of Improved Personal Identification: Field Experimental Evidence from Malawi

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

We implemented a randomized field experiment in Malawi examining borrower responses to being fingerprinted when applying for loans. This intervention improved the lender's ability to implement dynamic repayment incentives, allowing it to withhold future loans from past defaulters while rewarding good borrowers with better loan terms. As predicted by a simple model, fingerprinting led to substantially higher repayment rates for borrowers with the highest ex ante default risk, but had no effect for the rest of the borrowers. We provide unique evidence that this improvement in repayment rates is accompanied by behaviors consistent with less adverse selection and lower moral hazard. (JEL D14, D82, G21, O12, O16)
Mental Stress and Sleep quality for frontline healthcare workers exposed to the outbreak of COVID-19

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

During the early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic, anxiety symptoms were reported in 28.8% and depressive symptoms in 16.5% of the general population in China [21]. In the literature review [22-25], no difference was found between the units where the medical personnel were working during the pandemic and their anxiety levels. The current study is considered that the anxiety of medical personnel increased due to having to provide simultaneous treatment and care to both adults and children, who are very different from each other in terms of their characteristics and needs. A total of 120 health workers participated in this study. Male participants are 50(41.66%) and female participants are 70(78.33%), in which 100(83.33%) were married and 20(16.66%) were Unmarried having the work experience upto 2 years were 40(33.33%) and above 2 years experience were 80(66.66%).Among them having nursing education 62(51.66%) and medical education were 58(48.33%). The prevalence of occupational stress among CHWs was found Feel tired (43.33%) followed by emotionally exhausted (26.66%) and Feeling weak (30%) stress in the present study. Although these findings were matched on the level of stress, statistics between these two studies differ. However, no evidence of association was observed between occupational stress and other socio-demographic factors such as age, gender, education, job position, and working year. Occupational stress was significantly associated with various stressors such as under Feel tired, emotionally exhausted and Feeling weak.
A novel multimedia-forensic analysis tool (M-FAT)

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Digital forensics has become a fundamental requirement for law enforcement due to the growing volume of cyber and computer-assisted crime. Whilst existing commercial tools have traditionally focused upon string-based analyses (e.g., regular expressions, keywords), less effort has been placed towards the development of multimedia-based analyses. Within the research community, more focus has been attributed to the analysis of multimedia content; they tend to focus upon highly specialised specific scenarios such as tattoo identification, number plate recognition, suspect face recognition and manual annotation of images. Given the ever-increasing volume of multimedia content, it is essential that a holistic Multimedia-Forensic Analysis Tool (M-FAT) is developed to extract, index, analyse the recovered images and provide an investigator with an environment with which to ask more abstract and cognitively challenging questions of the data. This paper proposes such a system, focusing upon a combination of object and facial recognition to provide a robust system. This system will enable investigators to perform a variety of forensic analyses that aid in reducing the time, effort and cognitive load being placed on the investigator to identify relevant evidence.
PMMA artificial eye formulate for oculus wear directly.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objective To evaluate the application of the PMMA artificial eye formulate for oculus wear directly.Methods We apply the material PMMA on prosthetic for 10 years.1078 patients have completed the artificial eye custom_made program,the experience were summarized.Results We discovered that PMMA artificial eye have totally match on microphthalmic eye or after enucleation eye socket and there was no repulsion case.The macromolecular compounds PMMA artificial eye can be concentrate more than 7 color levels to create a full three_dimensional and realistic vision same as full fill prosthetic.Conclusion It is considered that at present domestic PMMA artificial eye is the best selection for prosthetic treatment.
Effects of diets containing linseed oil or lard and supplemented with pumpkin seeds on oxidative status, blood serum metabolites, growth performance, and meat quality of naked neck chickens

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This study investigates the effect of two dietary fats, namely linseed oil (LO) and lard (LF), and supplementation with pumpkin seeds (PS) on the performance, oxidative status, and blood serum metabolites of broilers, along with the composition, oxidative stability, and fatty acid (FA) profile of broiler meat. Ninety-six 64-d-old naked neck chickens were randomly distributed into four groups of 24 chickens each (8 chickens per cage, three cages per treatment) and fed a LO diet, a LO diet supplemented with 50 g PS kg −1 , a LF diet, and a LF diet supplemented with 50 g PS kg −1 . The antioxidant system is increased and reactive oxygen species decreased in chickens fed PS diets. Glycemia and cholesterol levels were significantly lower in the chickens fed PS diets than in those given diets without supplementation; the cholesterol levels were also significantly lower in the chickens fed LO diets than those fed LF diets. However, the LO diet affected the fresh meat quality by decreasing pH values of the meat at 24 h after slaughter. Adding PS to the LO diet improved the oxidative stability of the muscle at day 3 of refrigerated storage. The use of LO instead of LF favourably modulates the FA profile of meat, by increasing both linoleic and α-linolenic acid content and reducing the n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated FA ratio, atherogenic and thrombogenic index.
The identification of TCF1+ progenitor exhausted T cells in THRLBCL may predict a better response to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract T-cell/histiocyte-rich large B-cell lymphoma (THRLBCL) is a rare and aggressive variant of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) that usually affects young to middle-aged patients, with disseminated disease at presentation. The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a key role in THRLBCL due to its peculiar cellular composition (&lt;10% neoplastic B cells interspersed in a cytotoxic T-cell/histiocyte-rich background). A significant percentage of THRLBCL is refractory to rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (RCHOP)-based regimens and to chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy; thus, the development of a specific therapeutic approach for these patients represents an unmet clinical need. To better understand the interaction of immune cells in THRLBCL TME and identify more promising therapeutic strategies, we compared the immune gene expression profiles of 12 THRLBCL and 10 DLBCL samples, and further corroborated our findings in an extended in silico set. Gene coexpression network analysis identified the predominant role of the programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) axis in the modulation of the immune response. Furthermore, the PD-1/PD-L1 activation was flanked by the overexpression of 48 genes related to the functional exhaustion of T cells. Globally, THRLBCL TME was highly interferon-inflamed and severely exhausted. The immune gene profiling findings strongly suggest that THRLBCL may be responsive to anti–PD-1 therapy but also allowed us to take a step forward in understanding THRLBCL TME. Of therapeutic relevance, we validated our results by immunohistochemistry, identifying a subset of TCF1+ (T cell–specific transcription factor 1, encoded by the TCF7 gene) progenitor exhausted T cells enriched in patients with THRLBCL. This subset of TCF1+ exhausted T cells correlates with good clinical response to immune checkpoint therapy and may improve prediction of anti–PD-1 response in patients with THRLBCL.
Relationship Between Economic Growth and Nonprofit Sector: An Analysis of Structural Breaks and Causality in Turkey

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The nonprofit sector, which is continually developing in terms of quality and quantity, is considered crucial in sustainable development and economic growth. The sector’s presence in the relevant literature is currently limited to social, cultural, and political fields. Consequently, the relationship between nonprofit organizations and economic growth is scarcely studied in the literature, with most studies focusing on conceptual explanations of the financial size of nonprofit organizations. Based on the example of Turkey, for a crucial start in this area, the primary aim of this study is to examine the relationship between gross national product (GNP) and nonprofit organizations’ incomes during 1975–2006. For evaluating the causality between variables, Dickey Fuller and Augmented Dickey Fuller were applied with the variables determined as stable at the first difference. According to results from Zivot and Andrews applied by considering structural breaks as the first step in the analysis, which is different from those used in the literature, revealed that breaking points for the GNP and nonprofit organizations were in 2000 and 1993, respectively. According to Toda–Yamamoto results, no causality was observed between the income of the nonprofit organizations and economic growth. In light of these findings, a proposal was made to create new public policies for establishing an effective third sector and aiding the development of this sector through a strong foundation.
Phase-Field Modeling of Morphological Change of Ferrite during Decomposition of Austenite in Fe-C Alloy

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The integrated simulation model for microstructural design of Fe-C alloy using the phase-field method and the homogenization method is proposed. First, the phase-field simulation is performed to simulate the morphological change of the grain boundary ferrite to Widmanstätten ferrite. Then, in order to clarify the effects of the morphology of the ferrite phase on the micro- and macroscopic mechanical properties, the finite element analysis based on the homogenization method is conducted with the representative volume element obtained from the phase-field simulation. This numerical approach provides a powerful tool to investigate systematically the micro and macroscopic mechanical behavior with the morphological change of the ferrite phase in the Fe-C alloy.
Informative content of insider purchases: evidence from the financial crisis

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of insider trading on subsequent stock returns in the UK, with a specific focus on the impact of the global financial crisis of 2007-2008 on the relation between CEO and CFO stock purchases and returns. Design/methodology/approach – The empirical analysis uses 10,230 purchases executed in 679 UK firms by 1,477 directors during the period from 2000 to 2010. Subsequent market-adjusted stock returns are regressed on a set of firm-specific accounting, market and corporate governance variables as well as the characteristics of CEOs and CFOs. Additionally, the analysis distinguishes between the opportunistic and routine trades. Findings – The findings reveal that the position of the trading director and the nature of their trades are important in determining the impact on returns of insider trades. In particular, CEO purchases are on the whole more informative than CFO purchases and opportunistic purchases. The trades in the post-crisis period have a greater impact on subsequent stock returns. Research limitations/implications – The empirical analysis is limited to the trades made by two executives. Future research should consider inside trades by all directors and distinguish between executive and non-executive directors. Also, a behavioral measure should be developed to test if the financial crisis affected the trading behavior of directors and whether directors use insider trading strategically to signal information to the market. Practical implications – The impact of directors’ dealings on stock returns is not homogeneous. Financial analysts and investors should pay more attention to different types of trades and the identity of trading director. Originality/value – This paper, to the authors’ knowledge, provides the first attempt that combines in the same framework the identity and personal attributes of trading executive directors, firm-level corporate governance features, the nature of purchase transactions and the trading period characteristics. Furthermore the empirical analysis is carried out during a period that also covers the recent global financial crisis period and its immediate aftermath.
ACAT-1, Cav-1 and PrP expression in scrapie susceptible and resistant sheep

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Scrapie is a prion disease for which no means of ante-mortem diagnosis is available. We recently found a relationship between cell susceptibility to scrapie and altered cholesterol homeostasis. In brains and in skin fibroblasts and peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy and scrapie-affected sheep carrying a scrapie-susceptible genotype, the levels of cholesterol esters were consistently higher than in tissues and cultures derived from animals with a scrapie-resistant genotype. Here we show that intracellular accumulation of cholesterol esters (CE) in fibroblasts derived from scrapie-susceptible sheep was accompanied by parallel alterations in the expression level of acyl-coenzymeA: cholesterol-acyltransferase (ACAT1) and caveolin-1 (Cav-1) that are involved in the pathways leading to intracellular cholesterol esterification and trafficking. Comparative analysis of cellular prion protein (PrPc) mRNA, showed an higher expression level in cells from animals carrying a susceptible genotype, with or without Scrapie. These data suggest that CE accumulation in peripheral cells, together with the altered expression of some proteins implicated in intracellular cholesterol homeostasis, might serve to identify a distinctive lipid metabolic profile associated with increased susceptibility to develop prion disease following infection.
Infestation rate of lice in patients in a mental hospital, Seoul, Korea

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We examined the infestation rate of head and/or body lice in patients in a mental hospital, Seoul, Korea on June 27-28, 1988. Of 438 women, 146 (33.3%) were positive with nits or worms of louse. Of 143 men, 22 (15.4%) were positive with those of louse. Regular control programs were necessary to this hospital.