jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Image_2_Co-occurrence of blaNDM–1 and mcr-9 in a Conjugative IncHI2/HI2A Plasmid From a Bloodstream Infection-Causing Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae.JPEG

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<p>Spread of the carbapenemase-encoding and mobilized colistin resistance (mcr) genes among Enterobacteriales poses a great threat to global public health, especially when the both genes are transferred by a single plasmid. Here, we identified a bla<sub>NDM–1</sub>- and mcr-9-co-encoding plasmid harbored by a clinical isolate of Klebsiella pneumoniae (KPN710429). KPN710429 was recovered from a blood sample from an inpatient in a tertiary hospital in China, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing showed that it was multidrug-resistant and only susceptible to aztreonam, colistin, and tigecycline. KPN710429 belongs to sequence type (ST) 1308 and capsular serotype KL144. The string test of KPN710429 was negative, and this strain didn’t exhibit a hypervirulent phenotype according to serum-killing and Galleria mellonella lethality assessments. Whole-genome sequencing revealed the KPN710429 genome comprises a single chromosome and three plasmids. All virulence associated genes were harbored by chromosome. Most of its antimicrobial resistance genes, including bla<sub>NDM–1</sub> and mcr-9 were carried by plasmid pK701429_2, belonging to the incompatibility (Inc) HI2/HI2A group and ST1. Comparative genomics assays indicates that pK710429_2 could be a hybrid plasmid, formed by a Tn6696-like bla<sub>NDM–1</sub> region inserting into a mcr-9-positive-IncHI2/HI2A plasmid. pK710429_2 contained the conjugative transfer gene regions, Tra1 and Tra2, with some structural variations, and conjugation assays revealed that pK710429_2 was transferable. Although pK710429_2 lacked the qseB-qseC regulatory genes, mcr-9 expression was upregulated after pretreatment with colistin for 6 h, leading to colistin resistance in KPN710429. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a bla<sub>NDM–1</sub>- and mcr-9-co-encoding transferable plasmid harbored by a bloodstream-infection-causing K. pneumoniae strain in China. Effective surveillance should be implemented to assess the prevalence of the plasmid co-harboring carbapenemase-encoding gene and mcr-9.</p>
Habitat differences influence genetic impacts of human land use on the American beech (Fagus grandifolia)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Natural reforestation after regional forest clearance is a globally common land-use sequence. The genetic recovery of tree populations in these recolonized forests may depend on the biogeographic setting of the landscape, for instance whether they are in the core or in the marginal part of the species' range. Using data from 501 individuals genotyped across 7 microsatellites, we investigated whether regional differences in habitat quality affected the recovery of genetic variation in a wind-pollinated tree species, American beech (Fagus grandifolia) in Massachusetts. We compared populations in forests that were recolonized following agricultural abandonment to those in remnant forests that have only been logged in both central inland and marginal coastal regions. Across all populations in our entire study region, recolonized forests showed limited reduction of genetic diversity as only observed heterozygosity was significantly reduced in these forests (H O = 0.520 and 0.590, respectively). Within inland region, this pattern was observed, whereas in the coast, recolonized populations exhibited no reduction in all genetic diversity estimates. However, genetic differentiation among recolonized populations in marginal coastal habitat increased (F st logged = 0.072; F st secondary = 0.249), with populations showing strong genetic structure, in contrast to inland region. These results indicate that the magnitude of recovery of genetic variation in recolonized populations can vary at different habitats.
Primary structure of Escherichia co gene rpsA

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The primary structure of protein SI, the largest protein component of the Escherichia coli ribosome, has been elucidated by determining the amino acid sequence of the protein (from E. coli MRE600) and the nucleotide sequence of the S 1gene (rpsA, of a K-12 strain). The two methods gave results in perfect agreement except at two positions where possible strain-specific differences were found. Protein S1 (MRE600) is composed of 557 amino acid residues (no modified amino acids were detected) and has Mr 61,159. The DNA sequence for protein S1 (K-12) suggests 556 amino acid residues. A computer survey of the sequence re- vealed three regions in SI with a high degree of internal homology. The ribosome binding domain of SI (NH2 terminus) does not show any preponderance of basic amino acids. The two cysteine and the majority 'of tryptophan residues of S1 as well as two of the three homologous regions are located in its middle region which contains the nucleic acid binding domain. The pattern of degenerate codon usage in the S1 gene is nonrandom and similar to that reported for other ribosomal protein genes.
Descartes’ Debt to Augustine

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Jonathan Edwards identified the central act of faith as 'the cordial consent of beings to Being in general', which is to say to God (see Holbrook, 1973, pp. 102ff). That equation, of Being, Truth and God, is rarely taken seriously in analytical circles. My argument will be that this is to neglect the real context of a great deal of past philosophy, particularly the very Cartesian arguments from which so many undergraduate courses begin. All too many students issue from such courses immunized against enthusiasm, in the conceit that they have answers to all the old conundrums, which were in any case no more than verbal trickery.
HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHIC DETERMINATION OF THE STABILIZED CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE METABOLITE 4-HYDROXYCYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE IN PLASMA AND RED BLOOD CELLS

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

A reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for the determination of the activated cyclophosphamide (CP) metabolite 4-hydroxycyclophosphamide (4-OHCP) in human plasma and red blood cells is described. 4-OHCP is very unstable in biological matrices. Therefore, it was treated, immediately after sampling, with semicarbazide to form a stable semicarbazone derivative, which was identified with electron spray mass spectrometry. The derivative was analysed with HPLC with ultraviolet (UV) detection at 230 nm. Sample pre-treatment consisted of a liquid-liquid extraction with ethyl acetate, the chromatography system was a 25 cm C8 column (particle size 5 μm) with a mobile phase of acetonitrile-0.025 M potassium phosphate buffer (15:85 v/v) pH 6.0. After assay optimisation, the method was validated and stability studies were carried out. The method proved linear in clinically relevant concentrations (50-5000 ng/mL). The lower limit of quantitation was 50 ng/mL. Accuracy and precision were below 7% over the full concentration range. A calibration curve in plasma can also be used for the quantification of 4-OHCP in red blood cells. The derivative was found to be stable for at least 11 months when stored at −70 °C. A pharmacokinetic pilot study in a patient treated with 1000 mg/m2 CP in combination with thioTEPA and carboplatin demonstrated the applicability of the assay for the determination of 4-OHCP in plasma and red blood cells.
Clinical Analysis of Treatment of 15 Cases of Advanced Malignant Tumor with Whole Body Thermo-chemotherapy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective Study effect and reliability of the whole body thermo-chemotherapy (WBTCT) for advanced malignant tumor. Methods Use TEMET 1000 to treat 15 patients with advanced malignant tumor under general anesthesia. All patients had been treated by Thermo-therapy to whole body, and injection of DDP/5-FU during the stable period with body temperature 42-42.5℃. Evaluate the effect by clinical observ ation and by follow-up. Results The curative effects are 84.6% (11/13) relieving pain, 56.7% inhibition tumor cell (PR+SD), 66.7% stationary phase of rumors in half year and 41.7% in one year. The 6 months, 1 year, 1 year and 6 months survival rate are 85.7%(12/14), 72.7%(8/ll), 60.0%(6/10), respectively, and especially, one part of the patients' tumors were extinction. Conclusion WBTCT is a safe and effective method and will bring a new hope for the advanced malignant tumor patients.
The central European legacy of dissonance in the poetry of Tomaz Salamun

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Thesis (M.A.)--Georgetown University, 2011.; Includes bibliographical\n references.; Text (Electronic thesis) in PDF format. The poet Tomaz Salamun writes in a\n central European artistic tradition that values dissonance, ambivalence, and estrangement as\n aesthetic qualities. In the early twentieth century, Austrian composer Arnold Schoenberg\n "emancipated dissonance" in his music by blurring the distinction between\n subjective notions of consonance and dissonance. Schoenberg challenged traditional conceptions\n of harmony with tonal combinations and progressions that defied expectations for resolution.\n Other central European art, like the Expressionist painting of Oskar Kokoschka and the poetry\n of Paul Celan and Charles Simic, manifests an affinity for disjunction, interrogation of\n subjectivity, and resistance of collectivization. Salamun has inherited this central European\n aesthetic legacy, and it expresses itself in his poetry like an artistic phenotype. He uses\n paratactical incongruence to illustrate the tension and ambivalence of the social,\n psychological, and political atmosphere. A Slovenian poet, Salamun grew up near Trieste, a\n site of intercultural exchange. His post-war poetry reflects the paradoxical nature of\n violence and the tension that exists in a region historically subordinated by stronger\n surrounding powers. Salamun frequently depicts the violent and grotesque in his poems,\n employing an aesthetic of disharmony in images and in the language. Like Schoenberg, he\n rejects tradition and traditional radicalism, each of which requires, to some degree,\n collectivization and the erasure of the individual. Yet, in his rejection of absolutes,\n Salamun adheres to a central European tradition of paradox and dissonance in\n art.
Creation of a “Dorsal Transverse Intermetacarpal Ligament” to Prevent Scissoring Deformity in Central Ray Amputation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

An adjunctive technique of ray approximation after central ray amputation is presented. This procedure creates a “dorsal transverse intermetacarpal ligament” by using a free tendon graft from the amputee to help prevent scissoring of the fingers, without the need for bony transposition or dorsal dermodesis.
A transconductance enhancement technique for bulk-driven OTAs working in weak inversion

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A proposed transconductance enhancement technique for bulk-driven OTAs working in weak inversion is presented in this paper. The basic idea is to use a bulk-driven input differential pair employing the auxiliary amplifier and positive feedback technique to enhance transconductance, which improves the enhancement ratio of transconductance from (n + 1)/(n − 1) to (n + 2)/(n − 1). The proposed amplifier based on the mentioned technique is simulated on UMC 180 nm process with the help of Spectre. The simulation results demonstrate that the transconductance of the bulk-driven OTAs working in weak inversion improves almost 50% with just a little increased power consumption compared to the conventional counterparts.
Cavitation bubble close to a solid boundary

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The article presents the results of the calculation of the cavitation bubble collapse near a solid boundary. The solution is obtained using the FLUENT CFD software. The VOF (Volume Of Fluid) model is applied to study the behavior of the interphase between the liquid and the bubble content. The calculations were performed for three different distances of the bubble from the solid wall. The evolution of the bubble radius is obtained from the phase interface contours. The bubble jet velocity and its thickness are determined for all bubble positions.
<title>High-efficiency top-emitting microcavity light-emitting diodes</title>

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Microcavity light emitting diodes (MCLEDs) present several interesting features compared to conventional LEDs such as narrow linewidth, improved directionality and high efficiency. We report here on MCLEDs with a top emitting geometry. The MCLED layers were grown using molecular beam epitaxy on GaAs substrates. They consist of a 3-period Be-doped distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) centered at 950 nm wavelength, a cavity containing three InGaAs quantum wells and a 15-periods Si-doped DBR. Different values for the wavelength detuning between spontaneous emission line and Fabry-Perot cavity mode were explored, between -40 nm and +10 nm. Devices sizes ranged from 420 x 420 mu m(2) to 22 x 22 mu m(2). As expected from simulations, the higher efficiencies are obtained when the detuning is in the -20 to 0 nm range. The devices exhibit then up to 10% external quantum efficiency, measured for a 62 degrees collection half-angle. After correction for the surface shadowing due to the grid p-contact, the efficiency increases to 14% and is practically independent of device size.
The Empirical Case for Specific Performance: Evidence from the IBP‐Tyson Litigation

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Contract scholars debate the relative merits of specific performance and damages, but few studies assess remedies from an empirical perspective. This article examines the stock market response to an unusual specific performance award granted to IBP, Inc. in material adverse change (MAC) clause litigation against Tyson Foods, Inc. The combined value of Tyson and IBP rose after specific performance was granted, implying that specific performance created value. This result contrasts with other papers indirectly showing large decreases in combined market value after damages remedies are awarded. These results suggest that, from a postbreach perspective, the common law's preference for damages may be misplaced. The article identifies a number of settings, such as certain types of MAC clause controversies, wherein the use of specific performance rather than damages should be encouraged.
The Long-term Neurocognitive Development of Children Exposed to Above Manufacturer Recommended Doses of Diclectin In Utero

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy (NVP) affects up to 90% of pregnancies. Diclectin (doxylamine/pyridoxine) is the only anti-emetic approved in Canada for NVP, at a maximum dose of 4 tablets/day. However, some women receive higher doses, up to 12 tablets/day. In this study we compared the neurocognitive development of children from four mother-child groups: (1) NVP and >4 tablets Diclectin, (2) NVP and ≤ 4 tablets Diclectin, (3) NVP and no treatment and (4) no NVP. Children received a full age-appropriate psychological assessment. All groups scored in the normal range for IQ and cognition tests. The Diclectin-exposed groups scored significantly higher on a small number of subtests, but none of the differences could be considered clinically significant. No dose-dependent effects were observed. Above manufacturer recommended doses of Diclectin do not appear to harm neurodevelopment and should be considered safe for the treatment of NVP.
Usefulness of Fluorine-18-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography in a Patient With Takayasu's Arteritis Associated With Antiphospholipid Syndrome

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A 36-year-old woman was admitted for recurring chest pain and hemoptysis. Blood pressure in the right and left arms was equal, and no murmurs or bruits were heard. Body temperature was normal on admission and remained within the normal range during the hospital stay. C-reactive protein was slightly elevated (2.3 mg/dL) and lupus anticoagulant was positive. Angiography showed no abnormality of the aorta or its branches, but the left pulmonary artery showed occlusion at the proximal portion. Computed tomography (CT) revealed segmental wall thickening of the thoracic aorta. Fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18FDG PET) showed high uptake in the proximal portion of the left pulmonary artery and in the thoracic aorta with wall thickening on CT. Based on these findings, a diagnosis of Takayasu's arteritis associated with antiphospholipid syndrome was made and high-dose steroid therapy (prednisolone 30 mg/day) was started. Two months later, the C-reactive protein level had decreased from 2.3 mg/dL to 1.1 mg/dL, and both the focal wall thickening and (18)FDG uptake of the thoracic aorta were decreased. 18FDG PET was useful for evaluating the efficacy of the steroid therapy in addition to making a diagnosis of Takayasu's arteritis associated with antiphospholipid syndrome.
Recommence the Defeats: Bensaïd’s Péguy

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

From the late 1980s onward, Daniel Bensaïd developed an extensive theoretical oeuvre marked by the influence of Walter Benjamin intertwined with Bensaïd’s own classical Marxist background. Through Benjamin, Bensaïd came to the work of Charles Péguy, whose role in his thought has yet to be fully analyzed. Bensaïd does not ignore Péguy’s contradictions and limits but reads them selectively to better understand history, politics, and temporality. The starting point of Bensaïd’s analysis of Péguy is the triad formed by the critique of historical reason, modern temporality, and progress. Péguy was also a source of inspiration for his reflection on politics, victory, and defeat and for his framing of political commitment as a melancholic wager.
Reliability and Validity of the Target Behaviour Severity Scale: A Pilot Study

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This pilot study examined the reliability, validity, and, usability of the Target Behaviour Severity Scale (TBSS), which was designed for use as a program evaluation tool for ABA-based clinical services. The TBSS measures four dimensions of behaviour: frequency, intensity, duration, and discrimination, and yields a total severity score. Participants included eleven consultants and 25 caregivers of individuals with DD receiving publically funded behavioural services to treat dangerous behaviour, tantrums, disruptive behaviour, and skill deficits. The total severity score had acceptable internal consistency (consultant α = .714, caregiver α = .730). Examination of inter-rater reliability revealed that caregivers’ total severity scores were significantly higher than consultants’ scores though they shared a strong and significant positive relationship. The reliability coefficients of the dimension scales were variable, suggesting the need for some refinements. The results of this pilot study suggest that the TBSS holds promise as a program evaluation tool.
Characteristics of Changes in Land Use Intensity in Xinjiang Under Different Future Climate Change Scenarios

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Climate change drives land use intensity changes in Xinjiang, a typical inland arid region. There are relatively few studies on the changes in land use intensity under future climate change. For this purpose, this study adopts the Patch-level Land Use Simulation (PLUS) model and the Markov chain model, combined with shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs). This study uses the PLUS model to make projections of land use/land cover (LULC) in Xinjiang under different climate scenarios for 2025–2060, constructs a land use intensity atlas to visualize regional spatial patterns, and analyzes the driving factors. The results show that under the SSP126 scenario, the cropland area decreases sharply while the forest, grassland, and water area expand rapidly. However, under the SSP245 and SSP585 scenarios, this trend is obviously reversed; the cropland area expands quickly, and the area of grassland and water decreases. In addition, under the SSP126 scenario, the management and control of LULC are strict, and it may be significantly affected by the conversion of cropland to forest, and the change of forest is relatively active. Under the SSP585 scenario, productivity increases, which may exacerbate the use of constructed land, and the change of constructed land is relatively active. Land use intensity may not significantly promote changes in land type proportions in the region. Population density and GDP are key drivers of land use intensity, showing relatively significant spatial heterogeneity. This study conducts research on the trend of LULC changes under different future climate scenarios, providing data support for the sustainable development of LULC and helping the government formulate different policies to cope with future LULC changes.
The Effect of Home-Schooling on Face Processing Ability

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Recent research (e.g., Balas & Saville, 2015) has demonstrated that individuals from small communities show impoverished face recognition relative to those from large communities, suggesting that the number of faces to which one is exposed may have a measurable effect on face processing abilities. In the present study, we sought to extend these findings by examining a second factor that influences the population of faces to which one is exposed during childhood: educational setting. In particular, we examined whether participants who were homeschooled (n = 22) show reduced performance relative to non-homeschoolers (n = 26) on two measures used to characterize face recognition ability: the Cambridge Face Memory Test (Duchaine & Nakayama, 2006) and an identity sorting task (Jenkins et al., 2011) in which participants sort 40 photographs of two unfamiliar identities (20 photographs/model) into the number of identities they believe are present. On the CFMT, there was no effect of educational setting, p = .82; however, on the sorting task, participants who were homeschooled showed significant deficits. Relative to non-homeschoolers, participants who were homeschooled perceived more identities, p = .03, and showed reduced discriminability, p = .007, when forming identity-specific piles in the sorting task. Such results suggest that reduced exposure to faces early in life as a function of homeschooling may have lasting effects on the face processing system, particularly with regard to perceptions of within-person variability. Meeting abstract presented at VSS 2017
The coolie generals

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Dozens of British and Commonwealth officers of the rank of colonel and above were captured by the Japanese at the fall of Hong Kong, Malaysia, Singapore and Burma. These senior officers, many of whom were decorated war heroes, were separated from the men and formations, and shipped around the Japanese Empire in one group, kept alive so that the Japanese could ritually humiliate them at every opportunity. In direct contrast to how the Germans treated captured Allied senior officers, the Japanese inflicted the same appalling regime of starvation, beatings and hard labour on these senior prisoners, and several died through such abuse. Prominent personages treated in this way included General Percival, (GOC Malaya) and a host of major-generals, brigadiers, colonels and senior colonial officials. The detailed post-war testimonies given by these prominent prisoners greatly aided the Tokyo War Crimes tribunal in exposing the nature of Japanese treatment of Allied POWs. It was an extraordinary story of middle-aged military professionals living a day-to-day existence at the behest of cruel and capricious gaolers. All previous POW books on the Far East have concentrated upon the well-known sufferings of the thousands of more junior officers and other ranks taken prisoner, and largely ignoring the fates of the men whose command decisions actually led to captivity.