jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
An engineering approach to knowledge acquisition by the interactive analysis of dictionary definitions

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

It has long been recognised that everyday dictionaries are a potential source of lexical and world knowledge of the type required by many Natural Language Processing (NLP) systems. This research presents a semi-automated approach to the extraction of rich semantic relationships from dictionary definitions. The definitions are taken from the recently published "Cambridge International Dictionary of English" (CIDE). The thesis illustrates how many of the innovative features of CIDE can be exploited during the knowledge acquisition process. The approach introduced in this thesis uses the LOLITA NLP system to extract and represent semantic relationships, along with a human operator to resolve the different forms of ambiguity which exist within dictionary definitions. Such a strategy combines the strengths of both participants in the acquisition process: automated procedures provide consistency in the construction of complex and inter-related semantic relationships, while the human participant can use his or her knowledge to determine the correct interpretation of a definition. This semi-automated strategy eliminates the weakness of many existing approaches because it guarantees feasibility and correctness: feasibility is ensured by exploiting LOLITA's existing NLP capabilities so that humans with minimal linguistic training can resolve the ambiguities within dictionary definitions; and correctness is ensured because incorrectly interpreted definitions can be manually eliminated. The feasibility and correctness of the solution is supported by the results of an evaluation which is presented in detail in the thesis.
Frame Structure Of Term Systems Within Secondary Encyclopedic Text

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The present article attempts to study the complex structural system of terminological units in the secondary scientific-encyclopedic text.Application of the methods of frame modeling let conclude that all available terminological units, regardless of their usual nature, can be combined into a single system with a frame hierarchical structure.The term system components organized by frame modeling form specific integrative structures that ensure the unity and recognition of cognitive components, as well as the formation of expert components in the process of obtaining, describing and understanding a particular area of the information and knowledge continuum.In the secondary scientific-encyclopedic texts under consideration, a special terminological space is created at the condition of immanent account of the recipient orientation.This space contributes to the integration of repeated expert and primary cognitive information, which provides a unified prognostic and modeling in the perception and interpretation of generalized content.The terms form the top of the concept frame (dominant verbalizer of basic characteristics).Further relevant features are presented in subframes (intelligently understandable terms).Variable terminals fix peripheral expert characteristics of the phenomenon (terminoids of various types).The process of active intensification of knowledge components creates the need to present expert informants.Predicting the marking of even a minor expert element makes it necessary to predict understanding and adequate interpretation of re-identified information.
A bibliographical account of the works of Charles Dibdin

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Journal Article A bibliographical account of the works of Charles Dibdin Get access E. Rimbault Dibdin E. Rimbault Dibdin 1Morningside, Sudworth Road, New Brighton. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume s9-XII, Issue 309, 28 November 1903, Pages 423–425, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/s9-XII.309.423c Published: 28 November 1903
Structure and Dynamics of the Lincomycin−Copper(II) Complex in Water Solution by 1H and 13C NMR Studies

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The copper(II) complex of lincomycin in water solution at pH = 7.15 was characterized by (1)H and (13)C NMR and UV-vis spectroscopy. A 1:1 complex is formed in these conditions. The temperature dependence of spin-lattice relaxation rates was measured, showing that all protons behave in a similar fashion and slow exchange conditions prevail. The spin-lattice relaxation rate enhancements were interpreted by the Solomon-Bloembergen-Morgan theory. Reorientational dynamics of the complex was approximated by evaluating the motional correlation time of free lincomycin in water solution. The observed proton and carbon relaxation rate enhancements allowed us to calculate copper-proton and copper-carbon distances that were used for building a molecular model of the complex. The obtained data provide an interpretation of the relatively high stability constant.
Not Afro-Beat: The Hegemonic Possession of a Musical Genre

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Synchronous movements for African independence and American civil rights emboldened each other, inspiring a global flourish of black popular music. Fẹla Kuti is celebrated in literature and media but his contemporaries are largely forgotten. According to Waterman (2002), “Afro-beat music was associated almost exclusively with one charismatic figure.” This is reinforced by Moore (1982), Olaniyan (2004) and others. Nigerian journalist Tam Fiofori and the multiple-author blog “afrobeat, afrofunk, afrojazz, afrorock, african-boogie...” tell a different story. In 1960s Lagos, a nascent musical movement formed fusing Highlife and African-American popular music, fortified by James Brown’s 1970 tour of West Africa (Emielu 2013). In the 1970s, the corruption and violence of Obasanjo’s regime was confronted by music, catapulting Fẹla to stardom and silencing Ṣégún Bucknor (Atane 2014). Fẹla bought press coverage to advance his political and cultural views (Olaniyan 2002) while other artists with similar musical styles presented a more benign pan-Africanism. Ṣégún Bucknor, Orlando Julius and Peter King contrast Fẹla’s narrative. All are still living. All fused Highlife and African-American music. Fẹla must be credited with raising the profile of African music, but this positive impact is diminished because Afro-beat became more of a brand than a genre. Two years of fieldwork in Lagos, including interviews with the artists, reveals an alternate history of 1960s-70s Lagosian music. Julius claims origination of Afro-beat; King focused on instrumental music and now nurtures young musicians; Bucknor was intimidated out of protest. Analysis of recordings shows the development of, and individual contributions to, post-Highlife music.
Analysis of the ghost image in high power laser system using computer

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Using a self-made software named CatchGhost the ghost points’ position and energy in a coaxial optic systems were calculated accurately in a short time without omission．The software can carry out massive calculation in a short time, and pick out the harmful ghosts in system automatically. Because all the elements which are related to beams’energy, including the pinhole’ effect, reflectivity, gain and loss, are counted, data of ghost points given by the software are exact and useful．
In Search of Lost Biomarker for Immunotherapy in Small Cell Lung Cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Summary Chemo-immunotherapy is the current standard of care for extensive-stage small cell lung cancer, but predictive biomarkers are lacking. In a recent article, the authors report the predictive role of programmed death ligand-1 expression and tissue tumor mutational burden on durvalumab ± tremelimumab + platinum-etoposide efficacy. See related article by Paz-Ares et al., p. 824
Human GITRL_(aa52-177) protein expressed in Bac-to-Bac baculovirus expression system

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Objective To produce the extracellular region of hGITRL in eukaryotic expression system.Methods Bac-to-Bac baculovirus expression system was employed in the present study.The hGITRL extracellular region gene was amplified by PCR from the full-length pMD18-hGITRL-T vector and subcloned into the pFastBacHTa plasmid,then the latter was transformed into E.coli DH10Bac competent cells to construct a recombinant baculovirus and to infect Tn cells.The interest protein was identified by SDS-PAGE,Western blot and indirect immunofluorescence staining.Results The recombinant pFastBacHTa-hGITRLaa52-177 plasmid and the recombinant Bacmid-hGITRLaa52-177 vector were constructed successfully.And the recombinant hGITRLaa52-177 protein was roughly 18KD,which was revealed by SDS-PAGE assay,and confirmed to be hGITRLaa52-177 protein by Western blot and indirect immunofluorescence staining.Conclusion Bac-to-Bac baculovirus expression system can effectively prepare hGITRLaa52-177 protein with bioactivity in vitro.
Assessment of Improvement in Subcenter Performance with Appointment of a Second Health Worker (Female)

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background : Health workers have been increasingly recognized as the most important inputs in a health system. The World Health Report 2000 notes (quality and efficiency) of a health system depends ultimately on the knowledge, skills and motivation of the people responsible for delivering services. Recognizing the importance of Health Workers (Female) for the delivery of health care delivery, Government of India decided to appoint a second HW (F) in every subcenter under NRHM, which was launched in India in 2006. The present study was undertaken to assess if the performance of subcenters improved after introduction of a second health worker. Method : The present study was conducted in twenty subcenters from seven PHCs in Wardha from March 2010 to April 2010 using both quantitative and qualitative methods. Results : The findings of the in-depth interviews showed that there is an improvement in field visits and reporting of vital events especially in subcenters with more population The improvement was also observed in pregnancy registration, institutional deliveries and subcenter deliveries. The improvement in subcenter functioning, both in terms of quality&quantity were not as expected after doubling of manpower at subcenter. Conclusion : Our assessment suggested there ia a improvement in subcenter performance with appointment of a second Health Worker (Female).
Study on the Bond and Anti-Abrasion Performance of Repair Materials for Hydraulic Concrete

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The bond and anti-abrasion performance of repair materials are the key factors for successful repair of hydraulic concrete. Acrylic acid emulsion (AAE) mortar, silica fume (SF) mortar, high strength (HS) mortar, polypropylene (PP) fiber mortar and basalt fiber (BF) mortar were prepared and their direct tensile bond strength, splitting tensile bond strength, abrasion resistance and SEM analysis of bond interface are studied in this paper. The results show that the highest direct tensile bond strength was recorded for fiber mortar. But compared to homogenous specimen’s tensile strength, AAE mortar showed the highest direct tensile bond strength. The anti-abrasion properties of repair mortars were tested with decreasing performance recorded in the following order: PP fiber mortar, SF mortar, BF mortar, HS mortar and AAE mortar. Compared with the HS mortar without fiber, the wear rate of PP fiber mortar was decreased by 29.2 % and the anti-abrasion strength was increased by 37.7%. This shows that adding fiber can greatly improve the anti-abrasion property. SEM analysis showed that addition of PP fiber and BF into repair mortar did not change the type of hydrates. The interface of AAE mortar was level and dense. The bond interface of SF mortar was uniform without big porosity. Addition of super plasticizer, the bond interface of HS mortar presented a large quantity of fibrous the CSH gel and less porosity which could improve the mortar bond effect effectively.
“Yesterday Art Today Reality”. The Discourse on Neue Sachlichkeit in i 10

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

From January 1927 until July 1929 the international review magazine i 10 functioned as a pluriform platform for the European avant-garde. Using three themes related to fine arts, photography, design and architecture, it is possible to identify the framing of 'objectivity' as a manifestation of a wider modernity discourse. The three themes are: the introduction of the aesthetic term Neue Sachlichkeit (New Objectivity), the role of the new medium of photography, and the functional approach of Dutch design and architecture. The widely supported subscriptions to the constructivist and functional approaches lead to other questions than had been hitherto circulating within the historical avant-garde. The conclusion is that at the end of the 1920s this breadth of thinking within i 10 over "new objectivity" represented a change in the modernity discourse of the European avant-garde.
Pulmonary Infections Caused by Emerging Pathogenic Species of Nocardia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Pulmonary infections are the most common clinical manifestations of Nocardia species. There is an increase in cases of nocardial infections occurring worldwide attributable to the increase in the immunosuppressed population. The availability of molecular methods has aided the detection of more number of cases as well as unusual species. Still, it remains one of the most underdiagnosed pathogens. Recognition of drug resistance in this organism has now mandated early and precise identification with speciation for effective treatment and management. Nocardial species identity can predict antimicrobial susceptibility and guide clinical management. Here, we report two cases of pulmonary nocardiosis caused by unusual species of Nocardia , namely, N. cyriacigeorgica and N. beijingensis identified by 16S rRNA gene-based sequencing. These cases are being reported for their rarity.
Relación de la sensibilidad de acuerdo al tamaño de la cámara pulpar en sentido mesio-distal, después del blanqueamiento en consultorio

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Introduction: The main objective of the present study is to link tooth sensitivity to the pulp cavity size after a bleaching treatment. Materials and methods: the color of the dental pieces was measured with the automatic colorimeter “Easy Shade”. As a second step,the light-curing gingival barrier was placed, then the bleaching agent 35 percent hydrogen peroxide; three 15-minute applications resulting in a total of 45 minutes, without any use of halogen light. The bleaching treatment was applied to the upper and lower premolar to premolar region. After the treatment, periapical x-rays of the previously bleached pieces were taken and the pulp cavity was measured, taken into account the mesiodistal diameter in order to determine the link between the pulp cavity size and tooth sensitivity. The participants of the study were trained to record tooth sensitivity through a standardized clasification which was measured trhough a written survey. Results: It was noted that the rate between tooth thickness and sensitivity is low and reversed; this means the greater the thickness the less sensitivity will be expected…
How to Select the Appropriate Safety Measurement to Identify a Hotspot

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

As the first and crucial step in improving the overall safety of a road network, hot spots identification (HSID) has been the focus of many research efforts. In general, most of the HSID methods employ either crash counts or crash rates to screen hazardous locations. However, there is a lack of empirical comparison of the two crash statistics in terms of their identification performances when dealing with HSID. To quantify the performance difference of the two crash statistics, both real road section accident data and experimentally derived simulated data are used in this paper. Three different tests are employed to evaluate different aspects of identification performance. Additionally, various levels of confidence are also explored across different situations. The results illustrate that crash counts significantly outperforms crash rates in identifying hot spots. The findings are in agreement with the other theoretical derivations shown in previous studies.
Effectiveness of Educational Program for Nurses regarding Accreditation Standards of Family Health Centers

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: Accreditation programs affect the positive performance of family health centers indifferent areas. Family healthcare services are crucial to early diagnosis and deliveringpreventive, curative, and palliative care across the life course. Aim of the study: It was to assessthe effectiveness of educational program for nurses regarding accreditation standards of familyhealth centers. Subjects and Method: Design: A quasi-experimental design was used. Setting:The study was conducted at Bettena and Damro family health centers at El-Mahala El-Kobra,which are affiliated with Ministry of Health and Population. Subjects: It consisted of all nurses(82 nurses) from two family health centers. Tools: Three tools was used: Monitoring checklistabout accreditation standards for family health centers, Knowledge structured questionnaire, andObservational checklist. Results: The majority (91.5% & 92.7%) of nurses had a good level ofknowledge immediately post-program and a satisfactory performance post three months of theprogram regarding accreditation standards, respectively. Conclusion: There was a statisticallysignificant correlation between nurses' overall knowledge and their overall performance aboutaccreditation standards of family health centers pre- and post-program. Recommendations:Family health centers managers need to maintain periodic educational training programs fornurses in order to improve their knowledge and skills about the accreditation standards of familyhealth centers
Development of a Nucleocapsid Protein-Based Blocking ELISA for the Detection of Porcine Deltacoronavirus Antibodies

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) is an emerging enteropathogen which mainly causes diarrhea, dehydration and death in nursing piglets, threatening the global swine industry. Moreover, it can infect multiple animal species and humans. Hence, reliable diagnostic assays are needed to better control this zoonotic pathogen. Here, a blocking ELISA was developed using a recombinant nucleocapsid (N) protein as the coating antigen paired with an N-specific monoclonal antibody (mAb) as the detection antibody. The percent inhibition (PI) of the ELISA was determined using 384 swine serum samples, with an indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) as the reference method. Through receiver operating characteristic analysis in conjunction with Youden’s index, the optimal PI cut-off value was determined to be 51.65%, which corresponded to a diagnostic sensitivity of 98.79% and a diagnostic specificity of 100%. Of the 330 serum samples tested positive via IFA, 326 and 4 were tested positive and negative via the ELISA, respectively, while the 54 serum samples tested negative via IFA were all negative via the ELISA. The overall coincidence rate between the two assays was 98.96% (380/384). The ELISA exhibited good repeatability and did not cross-react with antisera against other swine pathogens. Overall, this is the first report on developing a blocking ELISA for PDCoV serodiagnosis.
The adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes of adolescent pregnancy: a cross sectional study in Hebei, China

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background: The adverse pregnancy outcomes caused by teenage pregnancy are major public health problems with significant social impact. While China is the most populous country in the world, and 8.5% of the women aged 10-50 years are adolescent women, we aimed to analyze the adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes of the adolescent pregnancy in Hebei Province, China. Methods: There were 238,598 singleton pregnant women aged 10-34 years from January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2017 in the database of Hebei Province Maternal Near Miss Surveillance System (HBMNMSS). The 238,598 pregnant women were divided into two groups: adolescent group (aged 10-19 years) and adult group (aged 20-34 years). The adolescent group was divided into two subgroups (aged 10-17 years, aged 18-19 years), the adult group was divided into two subgroups (aged 20-24 years, aged 25-34 years). We compared the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes using univariate and multivariate logistic regression. We also made a stratified analysis of nulliparous and multiparous adolescent pregnancy. Results: Compared with women aged 20-34 years, women aged 10-19 years had lower risk of cesarean delivery [adjusted risk ratio (aRR): 0.75, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.70-0.80], gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) (aRR: 0.55, 95%CI: 0.41-0.73). Women aged 10-19 years had higher risk of preterm delivery (aRR: 1.76, 95%CI: 1.54-2.01), small for gestational age (SGA) (aRR: 1.19, 95%CI: 1.08-1.30), stillbirth (aRR: 2.58, 95%CI: 1.83-3.62), neonatal death (aRR: 2.63, 95%CI: 1.60-4.32). The adolescent women aged 10-17 years had significantly higher risk of stillbirth (aRR: 5.69, 95%CI: 3.36-9.65) and neonatal death (aRR: 7.57, 95%CI: 3.74-15.33) compared with the women aged 25-34 years. Younger adults (20-24 years) also had higher risks of preterm delivery (aRR: 1.26, 95%CI: 1.20-1.32), stillbirth (aRR: 1.45, 95%CI: 1.23-1.72), and neonatal death (aRR: 1.51, 95%CI: 1.21-1.90) compared with women aged 25-34 years. The structural equation model showed that preterm delivery and cesarean delivery had an indirect effect on neonatal death in adolescent pregnancy. Conclusions: The adolescent pregnancy was related to adverse perinatal (fetal and neonatal) outcomes, such as preterm delivery, stillbirth and neonatal death, especially in younger adolescent pregnancies.
Voltammetric determination of selenosulfate ions at a mercury-film electrode

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A procedure is proposed for the voltammetric determination of selenium as selenosulfate (SO3Se2−) ions at a mercury-film electrode (MFE). Selenosulfate ions are determined in the range from 2 × 10−4 to 1.0 × 10−3 M without analyte accumulation, using peak current at −0.92 ± 0.02 V and in the range from 1 × 10−7 to 2 × 10−4 M after analyte accumulation with the open circuit, using peak current at −1.18 ± 0.03 V as the analytical signal. The mechanisms of SO3Se2− reduction at an MFE under the conditions of direct voltammetry and stripping voltammetry with accumulation are proposed and discussed.
Complexation of Paraquat by a bisparaphenylene-34-crown-10 derivative

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The Paraquat dication forms a 1:1 molecular inclusion complex both in acetone solution and in the solid state with the bisparaphenylene-34-crown-10 derivative (BPP34C10) as a result of intra-complex stabilisation from charge transfer interactions as well as from hydrogen and electrostatic bonding.
The phase-field model in tumor growth

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Tumor growth is becoming a central problem in biophysics both from its social and medical interest and, more fundamentally, because it is a remarkable example of an emergent complex system. Focusing on the description of the spatial and dynamical features of tumor growth, in this paper we review recent tumor modeling approaches using a technique borrowed from materials science: the phase-field models. These models allow us, with a large degree of generality, to identify the paramount mechanisms causing the uncontrolled growth of tumor cells as well as to propose new guidelines for experimentation both in simulation and in the laboratory. We finish by discussing open directions of research in phase-field modeling of tumor growth to catalyze the interest of physicists and mathematicians in this emergent field.