jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Factors affecting appressorium development in the vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae (Nicol. & Gerd.) Gerd. & Trappe

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

SUMMARY Investigations on the luck of appressorium formation in the roots of the non‐host plant Lupinus albus L. showed that root exudates do not inhibit mycelial growth of the vesicular‐arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungus Glomus mosseae (Nicol. & Gerd.) Gerd. & Trappe, but that they hinder hyphal attachment and fungal recognition of roots. Exudates do not stimulate hyphal proliferation in the rhizosphere. G. mosseae hyphae were able to recognize and attach to excised root of both lupin and host plants, forming swellings resembling apressoria. No growth of G. mosseae hyphae was observed around simulated roots consisting of nylon, silk, polyamide and glass threads, whereas appressoria were formed on heterologous hyphae of VAM fungal species. The hypothesis that a purely thigmotropic stimulate could trigger hyphal attachment and the further differentiation of appressoria was excluded.
Perforation of the intestine due to muscular violence.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

xDIsALHJOURNAL additional barrier in the form of the visceral pleura, which has to be penetrated by pieces of intrapleural calcium before they can reach the bronchi.Coughing produces a steep rise in intrapleural pressure.It may even reach 200 mm.Hg (Bell et at., 1965).Any loose pieces of intrapleural calcium with jagged edges may penetrate the visceral pleura as a result of this sudden increase of intra- pleural pressure.In this patient the cough accompanying pulmonary tuberculosis may have been the precipitating factor in the production of broncholithiasis.I am grateful to Dr. N. K. G. Mendis, thoracic surgeon, Ratnapura, Ceylon,
Concept of reducing harmful emissions by road transport vehicles in the tourist route Karpacz– Jelenia Góra

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The research carried out by the "Logistics” Students' Scientific Circle functioning at the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering of the Wrocław University of Technology shows that every day, between the communes which cross railway lines 308 and 340, 1911 persons move in circular migrations solely due to occupational activity. Some of them could travel by rail. Eliminating 500 cars a day (i.e. 250 outwards and return travels on the route Kowary/Karpacz–Jelenia Góra) would reduce annual carbon dioxide emissions by approximately 460 tonnes. Further reductions in CO2 emissions in transport can be achieved thanks to the use of railways by tourists, of which - in the area of the communes of Karpacz, Kowary and Mysłakowice, i.e. an area of outstanding recreational valors - there was over 300,000 in 2016 [3]. Rational train running interval was determined and a timetable proposed, taking into account routes leading beyond Jelenia Góra. The paper justifies the need for the introduction of complementary communication provided by electrobuses. The concept of reactivating traffic in this area should be complemented by the construction of a Park&Ride car park. The possibility of further development of the transport system in the area in question was also proposed.
Immigrazione, dignità, diritti e fattore religoso: test epocale per le democrazie costituzionali

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Movement of people from one place to another to settle in a new location. Immigration is no longer an emergency, but a structural phenomenon, which impacts on State law, especially the parts concerning regular and irregular migrants as well as the reception system. Exposed to social and electoral pressures, that phenomenon produces uncertain and precarious legal status. This paper analyses them by focusing on the Italian legal system and the fact that immigration constitutes a crucial test for constitutional democracies and, more generally, for Western constitutionalism. In these contexts, the effective protection of dignity should be combined with fundamental rights and freedoms, including those pertaining to religion. Theoretical assumptions, however, are not always reflected in the daily life, least of all in the area of immigration. Movimento di persone da un luogo a un altro per stabilirsi in una nuova posizione. Ha da tempo dismesso i panni dell’evento emergenziale per indossare le vesti del fenomeno strutturale. Elementi, questi, che impattano sulla disciplina del fenomeno migratorio, a cominciare dalla parte riguardante i migranti regolari e irregolari nonché il sistema dell’accoglienza. Esposti a informi pressioni sociali ed elettorali, generano quadri giuridici incerti e precari. Il presente lavoro li analizza focalizzando l’attenzione sull’ordinamento italiano e partendo dal fatto che il suddetto fenomeno costituisce un cruciale banco di prova per le democrazie costituzionali e, più in generale, per il costituzionalismo occidentale. L’effettiva tutela della dignità dovrebbe in questi contesti far corpo con i diritti e le libertà fondamentali, compresi quelli afferenti alla professione di fede. Gli assunti teorici, tuttavia, non sempre trovano riscontro nella quotidiana fatica dell’esperienza umana, tanto meno in tema di immigrazione.
Leishmania infection sought in rodents in north Sinai, Egypt.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ZCL) is endemic in certain foci in North Sinai. In the present study, eight species of commensal and wild rodents were trapped from seven areas. Suggestive ZCL lesions were seen on R. rattus, R. norvegicus, G. pyramidum, G. ander soni, G. gerbillus and Meriones sacramenti. Positive Giemsa stained smears were identified in G. pyramidum. The results were discussed. It was concluded that the ZCL transmission cycle, animal reservoirs, sand fly vector and man, is documented.
Conformation and Lipid Binding Properties of Four Peptides Derived from the Membrane-Binding Domain of CTP:Phosphocholine Cytidylyltransferase

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

We are probing the mechanism of the lipid selective membrane interactions of CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase (CT). We have proposed that the membrane binding domain of CT (domain M) consists of a continuous amphipathic alpha-helix between residues approximately 240-295 [Dunne, S. J., et al. (1996) Biochemistry 35, 11975-11984]. This study examined the secondary structure and membrane binding properties of synthetic peptides derived from domain M: a 62mer peptide encompassing the entire domain (Pep62), a 33mer corresponding to the N-terminal portion (PepNH1), and two 33mers corresponding to the three C-terminal 11mer repeats, one with the wild-type sequence (Pep33Ser), and one with the three serines in the nonpolar face substituted with alanine (Pep33Ala). Peptide secondary structure was analyzed by circular dichroism, and lipid interactions were analyzed by a direct vesicle binding assay, by effects of lipid vesicles on peptide tryptophan fluorescence, and by monolayer surface pressure changes. All peptides bound to vesicles as alpha-helices with selectivity for anionic lipids. Binding involved intercalation of the peptide tryptophan into the hydrophobic membrane core. PepNH1, the peptide with the highest positive charge density, showed strong selectivity for anionic lipids. PepNH1 and Pep33Ser did not bind to PC vesicles; however, the more hydrophobic peptides, Pep33Ala and Pep62, did bind to PC vesicles, with apparent partition coefficients for PC that were only approximately 1 order of magnitude lower than those for PC/PG (1/1). Our results suggest that the polar serines interrupting the nonpolar face of the amphipathic helix serve to lower the lipid affinity and thereby enhance selectivity for anionic lipids. Although diacylglycerol is an activator of the enzyme, none of the peptides responded differentially to PC/diacylglycerol vesicles versus pure PC vesicles, suggesting that domain M alone is not sufficient for the enzyme's response to diacylglycerol. Increases in surface pressure at an air-water interface indicated that the domain M peptides had strong surface-seeking tendencies. This supports a binding orientation for domain M parallel to the membrane surface. Binding of CT peptides to spread lipid monolayers caused surface pressure reductions, suggesting condensation of lipids in the formation of lipid-peptide complexes. At low monolayer surface pressures, Pep62 interacted equally with anionic and zwitterionic phospholipids. This suggests that one determinant of the selectivity for anionic lipids is the lipid packing density (area per molecule).
Trends in Accentedness and Comprehensibility Research, with Respect of L2 Speech Ratings

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Accentedness and comprehensibility research has greatly evolved since its infancy in in the 1980s. As language learner trends have shifted from native-like mastery to being comprehensible to listeners, a broader range of factors, such as speaker rates, and lexical/grammatical measures have since been evaluated for research and pedagogical purposes. This paper attempts the break down the major methodological procedures used in accentedness and comprehensibility research, chiefly, by examining the types of speakers and listeners that are most commonly present in studies, the types of stimuli and rating methods, the various features of accentedness and comprehensibility and listener attitudes, to name a few. Finally, this review briefly highlights what new components should be added in order to further our understanding in this field, both for academic interest and practical pedagogical purposes.
PULMONARY EDEMA IN MENINGOCCAL SEPTICEMIA ASSOCIATED WITH REDUCED EPITHELIAL CHLORIDE TRANSPORT

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Résumé Pediatric Critical Care Medicine is proud to present translations of selected abstracts into Chinese, French, Italian, Japanese, Portuguese, and Spanish. We sincerely thank the following for their important work on these translations: Xun-mei Fan, MD, and Hao-xun Tang, MD (Chinese), Jacques Lacroix, MD, and Jean-Christophe Mercier, MD (French), Giuseppe A. Marraro, MD (Italian), Hirokazu Sakai, MD (Japanese), Francisco Cunha, MD, and José Manuel Aparício, PhD, MD (Portuguese), and Eduardo Schnitzler, MD, Santiago Campos, MD, and Pablo G. Minces, MD (Spanish).
Essays on me -too brands

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Essay one examines the strategies of supermarket me-too brands. Current research in marketing focuses mainly on the benefits of new feature introduction and overlooks the importance of feature imitation. The prevalence of me-too brands merits investigation. In our sample, for example, there are three times as many me-too brands as feature pioneers. Based on the order of entry and brand equity literatures, this research examines the effectiveness of different marketing strategies used by me-too brands. Four me-too strategies are: (1) price lower, (2) leverage brand equity, (3) be a fast follower, and (4) if not able to imitate fast, be the first me-too. Empirically, all three types of me-too brands do not rely on price cuts to build market share. Instead, they set prices consistent with their parent brand. Me-too brand extensions often rely on strong brand equity to compensate for their late entry. Across these me-too brands, fast followers tend to have the highest subcategory market shares. Finally, first me-too brands who are not fast have significantly higher subcategory shares than later me-toos. Thus, entry order effects are present across these three types of me-too brands.
Drug uptake, sensitivity, interaction studies and resistance associated mutations in Plasmodium falciparum

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Evidence is accumulating that polymorphisms in plmdr 1 and plcrt are involved in resistance to the quinoline based blood schizontocides and possibly artemisinin derivatives; and mutations in the cytochrome b gene (cytb) are strongly associated with resistance to atovaquone. With this in mind, we studied sensitivity, drug interactions and uptake in a range of Plasmodium lalciparum lines, including pfmdr 1 transfectants, plcrt mutated lines 106/1 and K76I, and an atovaquone-resistant isolate (NGATVOl) with a unique point mutation (tyr268asn). In vitro susceptibility studies and genetic characterisation supported the role of plmdr 1 and plert polymorphisms in the sensitivity of parasite lines to a range of structurally diverse antimalarials. Mutations in plcrt conferred chloroquine resistance modulated by changes in plmdr 1, while the wild-type genes were associated with reduced sensitivity to mefloquine, halofantrine, lumefantrine and dihydroartemisinin. Drug interaction studies in vitro using a modified isobologram method showed that dihydroartemisinin in combination with chloroquine, amodiaquine or the new bisquinoline piperaquine was antagonistic in all parasite lines examined. The response was synergistic when the drug was combined with mefloquine, halofantrine or lumefantrine against chloroquine-sensitive (wild-type plmdrl and plcrt), but additive against chloroquine-resistant parasite lines. However, in the 7G8-m
Fluid flow analysis in a rough fracture (type II) using complex networks and lattice Boltzmann method

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Complexity of fluid flow in a rough fracture is induced by the complex configurations of opening areas between the fracture planes. In this study, we model fluid flow in an evolvable real rock joint structure, which under certain normal load is sheared. In an experimental study, information regarding about apertures of the rock joint during consecutive 20 mm displacements and fluid flow (permeability) in different pressure heads have been recorded by a scanner laser. Our aim in this study is to simulate the fluid flow in the mentioned complex geometries using the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM), while the characteristics of the aperture field will be compared with the modeled fluid flow permeability To characterize the aperture, we use a new concept in the graph theory, namely: complex networks and motif analysis of the corresponding networks. In this approach, the similar aperture profile along the fluid flow direction is mapped in to a network space. The modeled permeability using the LBM shows good correlation with the experimental measured values. Furthermore, the two main characters of the obtained networks, i.e., characteristic length and number of edges show the same evolutionary trend with the modeled permeability values. Analysis of motifs through the obtained networks showed the most transient sub-graphs are much more frequent in residual stages. This coincides with nearly stable fluid flow and high permeability values.
Dynamic modulations of sphingolipids and glycerophospholipids in COVID‐19

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Background A heterogeneous clinical phenotype is a characteristic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). Therefore, investigating biomarkers associated with disease severity is important for understanding the mechanisms responsible for this heterogeneity and for developing novel agents to prevent critical conditions. This study aimed to elucidate the modulations of sphingolipids and glycerophospholipids, which have been shown to possess potent biological properties. Methods We measured the serum sphingolipid and glycerophospholipid levels in a total of 887 samples from 215 COVID‐19 subjects, plus 115 control subjects without infectious diseases and 109 subjects with infectious diseases other than COVID‐19. Results We observed the dynamic modulations of sphingolipids and glycerophospholipids in the serum of COVID‐19 subjects, depending on the time course and severity. The elevation of C16:0 ceramide and lysophosphatidylinositol and decreases in C18:1 ceramide, dihydrosphingosine, lysophosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol were specific to COVID‐19. Regarding the association with maximum severity, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylcholine species with long unsaturated acyl chains were negatively associated, while lysophosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylethanolamine were positively associated with maximum severity during the early phase. Lysophosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylcholine had strong negative correlations with CRP, while phosphatidylethanolamine had strong positive ones. C16:0 ceramide, lysophosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine species with long unsaturated acyl chains had negative correlations with D‐dimer, while phosphatidylethanolamine species with short acyl chains and phosphatidylinositol had positive ones. Several species of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine and sphingomyelin might serve as better biomarkers for predicting severe COVID‐19 during the early phase than CRP and D‐dimer. Compared with the lipid modulations seen in mice treated with lipopolysaccharide, tissue factor, or histone, the lipid modulations observed in severe COVID‐19 were most akin to those in mice administered lipopolysaccharide. Conclusion A better understanding of the disturbances in sphingolipids and glycerophospholipids observed in this study will prompt further investigation to develop laboratory testing for predicting maximum severity and/or novel agents to suppress the aggravation of COVID‐19.
BioAnalyzer: Bioinformatic Software of Routinely Used Tools for Analysis of Genomic Data

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The massive extension in biological data induced a need for user-friendly bioinformatics tools could be used for routine biological data manipulation. Bioanalyzer is a simple analytical software implements a variety of tools to perform common data analysis on different biological data types and databases. Bioanalyzer provides general aspects of data analysis such as handling nucleotide data, fetching different data formats information, NGS quality control, data visualization, performing multiple sequence alignment and sequence BLAST. These tools accept common biological data formats and produce human-readable output files could be stored on local computer machines. Bioanalyzer has a user-friendly graphical user interface to simplify massive biological data analysis and consume less memory and processing power. Bioanalyzer source code was written through Python programming language which provides less memory usage and initial startup time. Bioanalyzer is a free and open source software, where its code could be modified, extended or integrated in different bioinformatics pipelines. Bioinformatics Produce huge data in FASTA and Genbank format which can be used to produce a lot of annotation information which can be done with Python programming language that open the door form bioinformatics tool due to their elasticity in data analysis and simplicity which inspire us to develop new multiple tool software able to manipulate FASTA and Genbank files. The goal Develop new software uses Genomic data files to produce annotated data. Software was written using python programming language and biopython packages.
Regularity Relations Signals According Pillars Expressive Between the Narrator and Narrative Discourse Alcinmatugrave Legend Movie In 1900 A Model

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This study is concerned with the concept of offering a point of view as a narrative construction element, especially the element and point of view of the novel to the letter Alcinmatugrave both business taken from masterpieces and literary works in the foundation or set of cinema. On the whole, the narrator participate in mock narrative process and support the narrator visual image, especially stories that need to exist scenes prove added to the image that uses signs of reality to take those marks a new dimension not only across the image, but also the intervention of the narrator in the re-formation of this realism marks surrounding Palms perceived and visible and put markers regularly between what the narrative of privacy and image, for this, we find that this research may be unique in the analysis of film "The legend in 1900" to achieve the goals
Performance Improvement of ED at VGH Using Simulation and Optimization

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Emergency department(ED) is one of the busiest clinical units in Winnipeg Victoria Gen-eral Hospital (VGH) which faces the challenge of patients’ long waiting-time as increas-ing healthcare demand and limited resources. This research investigates the critical factors of the ED operation to enhance the operational efficiency using simulation modeling and optimization. The contribution of this research is the integration of simulation and optimization for the performance improvement of ED operations. Discrete-events simula-tion (DES) methodology provides a cost-effective tool to analyse the performance of the ED operations and evaluates the potential alternatives. Design of experiments (DOE) and Scatter search (SS) of model optimization are proposed to search the ED potential capaci-ty for waiting-time reduction. The patient-flow is accelerated along with the waiting-time reduction, which results in better efficient patient throughput in the ED. A specific strate-gy is suggested to improve the ED operation based on the simulation model.
What Can Sen’s Capability Approach Offer to Labour Law?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract In response to modern questions about traditional justifications for the need for labour law, the chapter explains that such a justification must be a theory of justice. The chapter argues that Sen’s capability approach cannot, contrary to Langille’s claims, provide such a theory of justice for three reasons: the approach endorses relatively unregulated markets, its goal-based approach cannot justify adequate institutional foundations for labour law, and it fails to recognize distributive justice as a key aim of labour law. Nevertheless, Sen’s capability approach can throw light on the justice of particular aspects of labour law such as affirmative action and the importance of flexibility, learning, and autonomy at work.
Laboratory measurement of material electrical properties: Extending the application of lumped‐circuit equivalent models to 1 GHz

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

For measurements of material electrical properties in a frequency range from 1 kHz to 1 GHz, we used a laboratory method based on the concept of lumped R, L, and C circuit elements. While this method has typically been used at frequencies of less than 100 MHz, we have extended its application up to 1 GHz. The complex electrical parameters of a material, such as resistivity, conductivity, and dielectric permittivity were obtained by measuring magnitude Z and phase ϕ of the sample impedance Z. We relate the material electrical parameters to either series or parallel lumped‐circuit equivalent models. Depending on the frequency range, two different designs of the sample holder can be used: (1) a parallel‐plate capacitor with disk electrodes, for low frequencies (from 1 kHz to 100 MHz), and (2) a coaxial capacitor, for a broad band up to higher frequencies (from 1 kHz to 1 GHz). Measured values of the sample impedance usually include errors due to effects from the sample holder and its connections to the instrument. These effects, caused by the inductance, resistance, and stray capacitance of the measuring system, are taken into account. Our measurements of several standard materials, including air, Teflon, octanol, butanol, and methanol, showed that the relative standard deviation from the mean for the dielectric permittivity (in the range where it is frequency independent) is typically less than 1%. The difference between our mean values and previously published values for these standard materials is also less than 1%.