jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Parental happiness and strain among young adult parents diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This study used data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) to examine whether young adult parents diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder experience less parental happiness and/or more parental strain than their counterparts not diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Results from logistic regression models indicated that young adult parents ever diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder have significantly greater odds of feeling overwhelmed as parents and significantly lower odds of feeling close to their children or happy in their role as parents compared to those never diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Potential implications of these results for scholars as well as health professionals treating adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder patients with children are discussed.
Deep drawing of coated aluminium sheets: Experimental and numerical study

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract For years, coated metal sheets have been used in cookware manufacturing. This paper focuses on employing experimental and numerical analyses to determine the quality and formability of commercially available polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)‐coated aluminium sheets. For this purpose, examinations of the coating‘s microstructure, hardness, and friction coefficient through nano‐indentation and scratch tests, were investigated. Tensile test was performed to obtain some mechanical characteristics of the coated aluminium sheets. Moreover, the forming limit curve for the studied material was established by conducting Nakazima test, covering both negative and positive domains of minor strain. The influence of sheet thickness on formability was investigated since using 2 mm and 1 mm thick sheets in this work. Finally, the limits of deep drawing process using the finite element method with Abaqus software was studied.
Synthesis of 2-amino-4,6-dimethoxypyrimidine with dimethyl carbonate as methylating agent

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

amino-4,6-dimethoxypyrimidine (ADM) was prepared from 2-amino- 4,6-dihydroxypyrimidine (ADH) in the presence of potassium carbonate and phase transfer catalyst (PTC), with dimethyl carbonate (DMC) instead of conventional toxic reagents (such as haloalkane and dimethyl sulfate, etc.). The best conversion (87.7 %) of ADH and selectivity (40.5 %) toward ADM were achieved under optimized conditions: tetrabutyl ammonium bromide (TBAB) as PTC, n(ADH): n(DMC):n(TBAB):n(K2CO3) = 1:5:0.1:3, reaction time = 10 h and reaction temper ature = 150 C.
[Role of molecular subtypes in gastrointestinal stromal tumors in a clinical setting].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors(GIST) are known for their molecular alterations in KIT or PDGFR genes, and have become the paradigm of molecularly targeted therapies for solid tumors. Recent researches of genotype and phenotype demonstrate that molecular subtypes can predict the response to treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors and are related with prognosis. Different strategies will be recommended according to different molecular subtypes of GIST in the future for treatment optimization and individualization.
In vitro evaluation of the marginal seal of four restoration materials on deciduous molars.

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

The aim of this study was to compare the marginal microleakage of Fuji II LC (A), composite resin Z250 (B), Fuji IX GP (C), and Dyract AP (F) in class V cavities and at the Fuji II LC/Z250 (D) and Fuji IX GP/composite resin Z250 (E) interfaces of an open sandwich technique on deciduous teeth. After thermocycling the mean marginal dye penetration at the enamel junction was 21.6 microns +/- 14.2 for group A; 83.6 microns +/- 32.3 for group B; 7.5 microns +/- 7.5 for group C; 38.7 microns +/- 27.5 for group D, and 0 micron for groups E and F. Mean dye penetration at the cementum junction was 37.1 +/- 20.2 (A); 123 +/- 42.1 (B); 28.7 +/- 17.1 (C); 0 (D); 14.4 +/- 14.4 (E); and 0 (F) microns. No leakage was seen at the junction between Fuji II LC and Z250 (0 micron), whereas a mean leakage of 184 microns between Fuji IX and Z250 was measured. In enamel the best seal was obtained with Dyract AP, but with differences at the limit of significance (P = 0.07). Sealing was significantly worse with Z250 (p = 0.03 versus Fuji II LC; p = 0.006 versus Fuji IX GP; and p = 0.003 versus Dyract AP). In cementum, the comparison between the grouped data Z250-Fuji II LC versus Fuji IX GP-Dyract AP was highly significant (p < 0.001), while there was no detectable difference between Z250 and Fuji II LC.
Reflecting on an Indigenist Methodology in Indigenous Family and Community Engagement Research

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Indigenous and non-Indigenous researchers of Indigenous peoples and contexts have argued that any research involving Indigenous communities must align with Indigenous paradigms, follow critical cultural protocols, and promote emancipatory agendas. This ensures ethical and culturally appropriate research practices that prioritize community needs while placing the interests, experiences, and knowledge of Indigenous peoples at the center of research methodologies. Drawing from canonical scholars who have explicated and refined, over time, the meaning of Indigenous methodologies, this article first offers my synthesis of their collective conceptualizations. Next, I reflexively consider my application and, at times, misapplication of Indigenous methodologies with Indigenous and white participants in a study I carried out exploring Indigenous family and community-school engagement. I conclude by offering some implications for researchers who desire and have the responsibility to conduct research in ethical ways that honor Indigenous ways of knowing, being, and doing in research with/in Indigenous communities.
Mauritius Case Study: Alternative Histories Since 1962

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This Working Paper constitutes Chapter 17 of the book manuscript, "Understanding Population-Development-Environment Interactions: A Case Study on Mauritius". The Mauritius case study was carried out by IIASA in scientific collaboration with the University of Mauritius and funded by the United Nations Population Fund (WNFPA). \n \nThe paper presents and discusses findings from the interdisciplinary computer model simulating alternative population-development-environment interactions for the historical period 1962 to 1987, a period of rapid change in Mauritius. \n \nIn a first step, population, economic, and environmental developments during the last 30 years are reconstructed by the PDE-Mauritius model on the basis of observed trends. This reconstructed history, which also evaluates the accuracy of the model itself, is used as a reference to which alternative histories are compared. \n \nIn subsequent sections, five alternative population histories and nine alternative holistic histories are considered. The role of socio-demographic development, and of the fertility decline in particular, is compared to the importance of the economic boom for the rapid development of Mauritius. Also, the influence of specific economic strategies, like agricultural exports (mainly sugar), industrial exports (mainly textiles), or tourism, and in particular their impact on the environment, are investigated.
Students Perspectives on Tracking and Detracking

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Detracking has been described as an equityminded reform that attempts to level the playing field among students of different socio-economic, racial, and linguistic groups. Yet few people have talked to students about their perspectives regarding this reform, and the challenges students may face when schools reduce the number or levels of differentiated courses. In this article, the authors use student focus group data gathered at 12 schools implementing detracking reforms from 2000-2002 to explore how students make sense of tracking practices and equity-minded policies to reduce tracking at their schools. At the core of this sense-making process is the notion that students' understandings of meritocracy, intelligence, and stratification influence their perceptions of tracking and detracking practices. The authors also discuss how students' beliefs about such topics can inform educators' and policymakers' approaches to equity-minded reforms such as detracking.
Elementary school teachers’ perceptions of the potential of metaverse technology as a transformation of interactive learning media in Indonesia

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Currently, there are many technology-based learning methods that can be used in the teaching and learning process for effective learning situations. The metaverse is a topic that is being widely discussed around the world. Metaverse technology is the concept of combining the virtual world with the real world through the internet. However, the development of metaverse technology in Indonesia’s education field is still rarely carried out. Therefore, this research aims to determine how elementary school teachers in Indonesia perceive the potential of metaverse technology as a learning media transformation. The research method used by researchers is descriptive with a qualitative approach. Descriptive research is research that describes the actual situation regarding the importance of the metaverse for teachers in elementary schools. The participants in this study were twenty elementary school teachers who had good technological skills. The data was collected through observation and interviews. The results of this study show that elementary school teachers are interested in using the metaverse as a learning medium. For teachers, one of the options for improving learning performance is to use the metaverse as a tool or as a new learning and teaching style. The use of the metaverse does not mean that the teacher has to change conventional teaching methods but rather assists the teacher in conveying material to students effectively.
Evolving concepts on the management of dyslipidaemia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

It has been well established that low-density lipoproteins (LDL) and other apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins are causally related to atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and that lowering these lipoproteins reduces the risk of ASCVD. By lowering LDL particles as much as possible, ASCVD can be prevented. There seems to be no LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) threshold below which no further ASCVD prevention can be achieved. Furthermore, a low (an even very low) LDL-C appears to be safe. The new ESC/EAS guidelines based on these concepts are a step towards a benefit-based strategy by focusing on the clinical benefit that can be achieved by treating the cause of ASCVD. It is recommended to lower LDL-C as much as possible to prevent ASCVD, especially in high and very high-risk patients. With these new recommendations come recognition of the importance of combination therapies in high and very high-risk patients, first with statins and ezetimibe, and if needed with a PCSK9 inhibitor. The present paper is a review of some new concepts arising during the past 10 years in the field of lipidology and the description of what is new in the 2019 EAS/ESC guidelines.
Effects of personal and work-related factors on the incidence of shoulder pain in a French working population

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

<sec><st>Objectives</st> To assess the effects of personal and work-related factors on the incidence of shoulder pain in a large working population from a French region. </sec> <sec><st>Methods</st> Between 2002 and 2005, 3710 workers (58.2% men and mean ± SD age of 38.7 ± 10.3 years) were included in a French surveillance program. They have completed a self-administered questionnaire about musculoskeletal symptoms, personals factors and work exposure. In 2007, 2332 subjects responded again (63.2%). Nordic questionnaire was used in both questionnaires to assess shoulder pain during the preceding 7 days. Associations between personal and work-related (organizational, biomechanical and psychosocial) factors at baseline and new onset of shoulder pain at follow-up were studied by multivariate logistic regression, according to gender. </sec> <sec><st>Results</st> A total of 1814 workers (1037 men and 777 women) without shoulder pain at baseline were eligible for analyses. Incidence of shoulder pain was 12.9% for men and 22.5% for women. In men, age (OR 1.2 to 2.8), high physical demand (OR 1.5) and holding hand behind the trunk (OR 2.1) increased the risk of incident shoulder pain. In women, age (OR 1.5 to 2.8), BMI (OR 1.5), temporary employment (OR 1.8), high physical demand (OR 1.6) and low decision authority (OR 1.6) were associated with incident shoulder pain. </sec> <sec><st>Conclusions</st> Age was the strongest predictor for new onset of shoulder pain in both genders. Biomechanical and psychosocial factors were also identified as risk factors whereas no factors related to work organisation remained in the final models. </sec>
Involvement of ribosomal protein L11 expression in sensitivity of gastric cancer against 5‑FU

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is widely used in the treatment of various types of solid cancer. Our study showed that ribosomal protein L11 (RPL11) was a crucial factor affecting sensitivity of gastric cancer to 5-FU, implying that RPL11 expression is a potential biomarker for predicting 5-FU sensitivity. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis indicated that high RPL11 expression in gastric cancer patients treated with 5-FU was significantly associated with good prognosis. It was therefore investigated whether RPL11 affected the sensitivity of gastric cancer against 5-FU using four human gastric cancer cell lines, MKN45 (wild-type TP53 gene), NUGC4 (wild-type), MKN7 (mutated), and KE39 cells (mutated). In vitro assays demonstrated that RPL11 knockdown in gastric cancer cell lines carrying the TP53 wild-type gene attenuated 5-FU-induced cell growth suppression and activation of the P53 pathway, but not in cells carrying mutated TP53, suggesting that 5-FU suppresses tumor progression via RPL11-mediated activation of the P53 pathway in gastric cancer. The present study provides a potential therapeutic strategy for improving 5-FU resistance in gastric cancer by elevating RPL11 expression.
Community puppetry in Ireland

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In this artist statement, Karen Torley explores the context of professional puppetry in the community. She provides an outline about how she introduces puppetry to a group setting with care and sensitivity. She presents her important methods that activate a puppet and describes how she has used these throughout her practice. Her approach emphasizes the connection of breath, belief, focus and touch (BBFT). She also describes how her work can connect to people with some anecdotal examples of puppetry in communities.
ChemInform Abstract: Guaianolides from Centaurea musimomum.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
GLOBAL WARMING AND ITS IMPACT ON BIODIVERSITY: A PITHY

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

There is minute disbelief among the scientific society that human induced greenhouse gas emission has contributed radically to the global warming. Most significant changes in the earth’s temperature have been noticed since the advent of the industrial era in the late 1800s. Over the past 100 years, the earth’s surface has warmed by approximately 0.6 0 C. Human activities such as the large scale burning of fossil fuels to operate big industries are releasing greenhouse gases like CO2 into the atmosphere at an exceptional rate. Humans are currently releasing approximately more than 70 million tonnes of CO2 per day into the atmosphere. Global warming, habitat loss, farming and over fishing are causing increased loss of biodiversity. Changing environmental factors are putting the planet in peril. Samuel Butler (1835–1902), in his Notebooks, published in 1912 said “All progress is based upon a universal innate desire on the part of every organism to live beyond its income.” At the present time studies are beginning to show that the drive for progress is not only overspending humanity’s environmental means, but that of all species on the planet. The present document draws from the major papers that have appeared in various journals on global warming over the past two decades, and gives an overview of anthropogenic climate change and its impact on a wide variety of life-forms.
The surface downward longwave radiation of the CMIP6 HighResMIP in East Asia offline corrected by the three-dimensional sub-grid terrain longwave radiative effect scheme

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Terrain significantly regulates surface downward longwave radiation (SDLR). The CMIP6 HighResMIP models without the three-dimensional sub-grid terrain longwave radiative effects (3DSTLRE) produce large SDLR biases over complex terrains. This study applies the 3DSTLRE scheme to correct the SDLR simulated by these models in East Asia and assesses the correction’s effectiveness. Results indicate that the CMIP6 HighResMIP models without the 3DSTLRE clearly underestimate the SDLR over the rugged terrains and the underestimation increases with the sub-grid terrain complexity. The offline correction of 3DSTLRE can evidently improve the SDLR simulations in different seasons, and the improvements increase with the sub-grid terrain complexity. The most significant improvements are observed over the Himalayas, the Tibetan Plateau, the Tianshan Mountains, and the Hengduan Mountains. The relative root mean square error of SDLR simulations over the areas with the most complex sub-grid terrains can be decreased by ∼40% due to the offline correction of 3DSTLRE. Considering the 3DSTLRE may be an efficient way to improve the simulations of the SDLR and surface energy balance over the regions with complex sub-grid terrains.
Designing an Online Case-Based Library for Technology Integration in Teacher Education

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this paper is to introduce an interactive online case-study library website developed in a national project. The design goal of the website is to provide interactive, enhanced, case-based and online educational resource for educators through the purpose and within the scope of a national project. The ADDIE instructional design model was used in the development of the website for interactive case-based library. This library is developed on a web-based platform, which is important in terms of manageability, accessibility, and updateability of data. Users are able to sort the displayed case-studies by their titles, dates, ratings, view counts, etc. The usability test is used and the expert opinion is taken for the evaluation of the website. This website is a tool to integrate technology into education. It is believed that this website will be beneficial for pre-service and in-service teachers in terms of their professional developments.
Isolation of Mycosporine-like Amino Acids from Red Macroalgae and a Marine Lichen by High-Performance Countercurrent Chromatography: A Strategy to Obtain Biological UV-Filters

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Marine organisms have gained considerable biotechnological interest in recent years due to their wide variety of bioactive compounds with potential applications. Mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) are UV-absorbing secondary metabolites with antioxidant and photoprotective capacity, mainly found in organisms living under stress conditions (e.g., cyanobacteria, red algae, or lichens). In this work, five MAAs were isolated from two red macroalgae (Pyropia columbina and Gelidium corneum) and one marine lichen (Lichina pygmaea) by high-performance countercurrent chromatography (HPCCC). The selected biphasic solvent system consisted of ethanol, acetonitrile, saturated ammonium sulphate solution, and water (1:1:0.5:1; v:v:v:v). The HPCCC process for P. columbina and G. corneum consisted of eight separation cycles (1 g and 200 mg of extract per cycle, respectively), whereas three cycles were performed for of L. pygmaea (1.2 g extract per cycle). The separation process resulted in fractions enriched with palythine (2.3 mg), asterina-330 (3.3 mg), shinorine (14.8 mg), porphyra-334 (203.5 mg) and mycosporine-serinol (46.6 mg), which were subsequently desalted by using precipitation with methanol and permeation on a Sephadex G-10 column. Target molecules were identified by HPLC, MS, and NMR.
Staphylococcal Infection of a Starr–Edwards Prosthesis, with Fatal Obstruction of the Mitral Valve

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

IN recent years there has been increasing use of artificial cardiac valves such as the ball valve described by Starr and Edwards¶ in 1961. This report describes a patient with a Starr—Edwards prosthesis who died from occlusion of the mitral valve by thrombus and bacterial vegetations eleven months after operation.Case ReportA 46-year-old woman was admitted to the Johns Hopkins Hospital for evaluation of fever on July 15, 1963. Twenty-three years previously mitral stenosis had been diagnosed, and in 1956 valvulotomy was performed. Five years later cardiac failure recurred, and atrial fibrillation developed. A markedly stenotic mitral valve was . . .
Relationship to Depression among Students at the University of Anbar after Returning from Forced Relocation and Displacement

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The study aims at identifying the relationship between death anxiety and depression, and the level of anxiety of death and depression among the students at the University of Anbar who return from displacement and immigration. It also aims to detect the level of anxiety of death and depression, according to the gender variable (male - female), and the variable specialization (human - scientific). The sample of the consists of (300) male and female students. The measure of death anxiety which is prepared in advance by the researcher in addition to the measure of CUDOS, prepared by Mark Zimmerman and others (Zimmerman et al., 2004) have been applied on them. After applying the appropriate statistical procedures, the results of the study show that there is a positive relationship between death anxiety and depression. Moreover, the study points out that the students at University of Anbar has a little degree of death anxiety and depression. There is a significant difference in death anxiety according to gender variable for females. It has also shown that there is no statistically significant differences in death anxiety according to specialization variable. There is no significant differences in depression according to gender and scientific specialization variable. In the light of the present results, the researcher put a number of recommendations and suggestions.