jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Data_Sheet_8_Resolvin E1-ChemR23 Axis Regulates the Hepatic Metabolic and Inflammatory Transcriptional Landscape in Obesity at the Whole Genome and Exon Level.XLSX

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

<p>Resolvin E1 (RvE1) is an immunoresolvent that is synthesized from eicosapentaenoic acid and can bind the receptor ERV1/ChemR23. We previously showed activation of the RvE1-ChemR23 axis improves hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia of obese mice; however, it remains unclear how RvE1 controls glucose homeostasis. Here we investigated hepatic metabolic and inflammatory transcriptional targets of the RvE1-ChemR23 axis using lean and obese wild type (WT) and ChemR23 knockout (KO) mice. We conducted an in-depth transcriptional study by preforming whole gene-level and exon-level analyses, which provide insight into alternative splicing variants and miRNA regulation. Compared to controls, WT and KO obese mice in the absence of RvE1 displayed similar gene-level profiles, which entailed dysregulated pathways related to glucose homeostasis. Notably, obese WT mice relative to lean controls showed a robust decrease in pathways related to the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids. At the exon-level, obese ChemR23 KOs compared to obese WT mice displayed changes in pathways related to hepatic lipid transport, cholesterol metabolism, and immunological functions such as complement cascades and platelet activation. Importantly, upon RvE1 administration to WT obese mice, we discovered upregulated genes in pathways relating to insulin sensitivity and downregulated genes related to regulators of TGF-β signaling. This transcriptional profile was generally not recapitulated with obese ChemR23 KO mice administered RvE1. Collectively, gene and exon-level analyses suggest RvE1 controls the hepatic transcriptional profile related to glucose homeostasis, insulin sensitivity, and inflammation in a manner that is largely dependent on ChemR23. These studies will drive future mechanistic experiments on the RvE1-ChemR23 axis.</p>
Evidence for two mechanisms of ligand-receptor movement on surface-activated platelets.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The movement of platelet membrane glycoproteins was studied by correlative light and electron microscopy. Two distinct classes of movement were seen. In the first type, binding of colloidal gold-labeled ligand or antibody to the fibrinogen receptor (GPIIb/IIIa) triggered a long-range centripetal movement of the receptor-ligand complexes, in the plane of the membrane, on the surfaces of fully spread platelets. This movement was dependent on the presence of the intact cytoplasmic actin cytoskeleton, as evidenced by its inhibition by treatment of the platelets with cytochalasins D and E to disrupt actin filaments. A second surface receptor, the platelet von Willebrand's factor receptor (GPIb), did not undergo this long range, actin-dependent movement in response to antibody binding. However, in a second class of movement, both GPIb and GPIIb/IIIa were translocated on the platelet membrane. Both receptors, GPIb and GPIIb/IIIa, in response to binding of gold-labeled antibody or ligand, accumulated in the channels of the open canalicular system when these were present, and between platelets, under the platelet margins at the sites of platelet-platelet contact. This type of movement occurred only over a much shorter distance than the centripetal movement seen with ligand-bound GPIIb/IIIa and was not affected by the disruption of filamentous actin by the cytochalasins. These results suggest that there are two active mechanisms driving ligand-receptor movement on surface-activated platelets, and that one receptor type may be driven by either mechanism. However, each mechanism predominates at a different stage in the sequence of platelet activation, adherence, and spreading, consistent with differences in function related to receptor-ligand complex formation at the different stages.
Cognitive Inductive Prejudice for Corporal Edifice in Hominids and Contraption

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

A strong and insightful interpretation of scientific knowledge and practice must take into consideration how human cognitive skills and constraints enable as well restrict the scientific enterprise's activities and products.While existing deep learning systems are outstanding in functions such as object classification, language processing, and gameplay but few can create or transform a complex system like a Frame Pyramid.Assume that what these systems lack is a "Cognitive Inductive Prejudice": an ability to justify inter-object relationships and make decisions about an organized description of the incident.In order to assess this premise, this paper concentrated on a work involving stapling together stacks of frames to balance a castle and quantify how well hominids are doing.Then for analyzing contraption capability, our work introduce the Significant Stimulus Learning Tool that utilizes object-and interaction-centered scene and policy representations, these apply to the task.Our results shows that these structural portrayals enable the tool to perform both hominids and contraption for more naive methods, indicating that cognitive inductive effect is a significant element in solving structured reasoning issues and building more intelligent also flexible for machines.
The role of GBA2 in controlling locomotor activity

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Glycosphingolipids are major constituents of cellular membranes, fulfilling both structural and functional roles. Modifications of the basic glycosphingolipid glucosylceramide (GlcCer) result in numerous complex glycosylated and sialylated glycosphingolipids, which are highly abundant in the central nervous system (CNS). Glycosphingolipid homeostasis is tightly regulated and the non-lysosomal glucosylceramidase GBA2 plays a central role as it hydrolyzes GlcCer to glucose and ceramide. Recently, mutations in <i>GBA2</i> have been identified in human patients suffering from autosomal-recessive cerebellar ataxia (ARCA), hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP), or Marinesco-Sjögren-like Syndrome (MSLS). How these mutations impair enzyme function and might cause locomotor dysfunction is not known. I could show that all these mutations beside one cause a complete loss of GBA2 activity, indicating that also the human patients potentially lack GBA2 activity. Detailed analysis of the structure-function properties of GBA2 revealed that its activity is encoded in the protein's tertiary structure, including the N-terminal domain, linker region, and C-terminal domain. GBA2 proteins interact and form oligomers, a characteristic that might also be crucial for enzyme function. However, <i>in vivo</i> experiments did not reveal severe locomotor dysfunction or morphological defects in the cerebellum in GBA2-knockout mice, pointing towards species-dependent differences in GBA2-regulated metabolism of GlcCer and GlcCer metabolites in the CNS. However, acute pharmacological inhibition of GBA2 in murine cerebellar neurons <i>in vitro</i> impairs neurite outgrowth, suggesting a potential mechanism how loss of GBA2 activity results in ataxia and spasticity in ARCA, HSP, and MSLS patients carrying mutations in GBA2. <i>In vivo</i> in the mouse, compensatory mechanisms might occur, preventing severe neurological manifestation after genetic loss of GBA2.
The role of cuticular strata nomenclature in the systematics of nemata.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A system of cuticular nomenclature based on the strata observed in Enoplia is proposed. Nematode cuticle is divided into four fundamental strata: epicuticle, exocuticle, mesocuticle, and endocuticle. Application of this system allows the correlation of complementary strata throughout Nemata. The major taxonomic categories within Nemata are differentiated on the basis of their cuticular strata as compared with the Enoplia model cuticle.
Functional upregulation of H+-ATPase by lethal acid stress in cultured inner medullary collecting duct cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The response of H + -ATPase to lethal acid stress is unknown. A mutant strain (called NHE2d) was derived from cultured inner medullary collecting duct cells (mIMCD-3 cells) following three cycles of lethal acid stress. Cells were grown to confluence on coverslips, loaded with 2′,7′-bis(carboxyethyl)-5(6)-carboxyfluorescein, and monitored for intracellular pH (pH i ) recovery from an acid load. The rate of Na + -independent pH i recovery from an acid load in mutant cells was approximately fourfold higher than in parent cells ( P < 0.001). The Na + -independent H + extrusion was ATP dependent and K + independent and was completely inhibited in the presence of diethylstilbestrol, N, N′-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, or N-ethylmaleimide. These results indicate that the Na + -independent H + extrusion in cultured medullary cells is mediated via H + -ATPase and is upregulated in lethal acidosis. Northern hybridization experiments demonstrated that mRNA levels for the 16- and 31-kDa subunits of H + -ATPase remained unchanged in mutant cells compared with parent cells. We propose that lethal acid stress results in increased H + -ATPase activity in inner medullary collecting duct cells. Upregulation of H + -ATPase could play a protective role against cell death in severe intracellular acidosis.
Demonstration of Vulnerabilities in Globally Distributed Additive Manufacturing

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Globally distributed additive manufacturing is a relatively new frontier in the field of product lifecycle management. Designers are independent of additive manufacturing services, often thousands of miles apart. Manufacturing data must be transmitted electronically from designer to manufacturer to realize the benefits of such a system. Unalterable blockchain legers can record transactions between customers, designers, and manufacturers allowing each to trust the other two without needing to be familiar with each other. Although trust can be established, malicious printers or customers still have the incentive to produce unauthorized or pirated parts. To prevent this, machine instructions are encrypted and electronically transmitted to the printing service, where an authorized printer decrypts the data and prints an approved number of parts or products. The encrypted data may include G-Code machine instructions which contain every motion of every motor on a 3D printer. Once these instructions are decrypted, motor drivers send control signals along wires to the printer's stepper motors. The transmission along these wires is no longer encrypted. If the signals along the wires are read, the motion of the motor can be analyzed, and G-Code can be reverse engineered.\n\nThis thesis demonstrates such a threat through a simulated attack on a G-Code controlled device. A computer running a numeric controller and G-Code interpreter is connected to standard stepper motors. As G-Code commands are delivered, the magnetic field generated by the transmitted signals is read by a Hall Effect sensor. The rapid oscillation of the magnetic field corresponds to the stepper motor control signals which rhythmically move the motor. The oscillating signals are recorded by a high speed analog to digital converter attached to a second computer. The two systems are completely electronically isolated. \n\nThe recorded signals are saved as a string of voltage data with a matching time stamp. The voltage data is processed through a Matlab script which analyzes the direction the motor spins and the number of steps the motor takes. With these two pieces of data, the G-Code instructions which produced the motion can be recreated. The demonstration shows the exposure of previously encrypted data, allowing for the unauthorized production of parts, revealing a security flaw in a distributed additive manufacturing environment.
The Potential for Structural Change in the Northeast Dairy Manufacturing Sector

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

A transshipment model of the Northeast dairy sector is developed to assess the potential for structural change in the manufacturing industry. It is detennined that the reduction of existing hard product processing capacity near metropolitan areas would diminish total costs. Industry-wide savings of about 60 million dollars annually would be realized by fluid, soft product, cheese and butter/powder manufacturers. The model points to finn level as well as industry level incentives to move toward a more concentrated dairy manufacturing sector in the Northeast.
[Study of binocular function in early stage after implantation of multifocal intraocular lens].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

There is a complete recovery of binocular vision in the early post-operative stage of MIOL implantation as compared with the normal value of aged people. Foveal near and far-distance stereoacuity after bilateral and unilateral implantation of either MIOL or SIOL revealed no statistically significant difference. Foveal near-distance stereopsis acuity of MIOL group was improved more quickly than that of SIOL group. MIOL has distinct advantage in providing whole-distance visual acuity and stereoacuity.
The Study on Correlation Between Malignancy and Insulin Resistance Status

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To study the role of IR in carcino genesis.The dynamic alternation of IR was monitored during treatment to predict the prognosis in malignancy.Methods IRI was examed in 27 breast carcinoma,21 esophageal,17 lung cancer,11 colorectal neoplasm,9 gastric cancer,6 non Hodgkin's 1ymphoma.Results ①The value of IRI was significantly associated with malignant carcinoma.②IRI were same in different types.③IRI was higher in advanced carcinoma than that in early carainoma.④IRI declined after surgical excision.⑤IRI was higher in patients with metastasis and relapse.⑥There was a positive correlation between IRI and malignant carcinoma.OR was 2 9.Conclusions There was a high relationship between IR and malignant carcinoma.The extent of IR in malignant carcinoma was correlated to tumor stage,therapeutic effectiveness?with or without metastasis and relapse.IRI is helpful for early diagnosis?disease outcome and the evaluation of prognosis.
Architecture as Titulature: al-Madīnat al-Zāhira

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Architecture as Titulature: al-Madīnat al-ZāhiraWhen Ibn Abī ʿĀmir reached the apogee of his power, when his light shone in all its splendour and his autocratic power was fully manifest … he conceived the grand design, prerogative of kings, of constructing a palace where he would reside.Ibn Khāqān, apud al-Ḥimyarī 1938, 80-811 ∵ One of the most visible ways in which al-Manṣūr articulated his role as ḥājib was through monumental construction -more specifically, his decision to assume the ruler's social responsibility to undertake public works, the most obvious of these being his extension to the Great Mosque of Cordoba, the subject of Chapter 5.In contrast to those works commissioned (albeit ostentatiously) out of piety or for the public good, al-Manṣūr's construction of a palace-city appears to be motivated less by reasons of legitimation than of demonstrating the power of his ḥijāba.More so than his mosque extension, al-Manṣūr's foundation of a palace-city has prompted emotive responses in the primary and secondary literature, and has become inextricably implicated in the discourse of his usurpation of the Andalusi Umayyad caliphate.This viewpoint has arisen from the perceived appropriation by al-Manṣūr of an architectural form which was the 'prerogative of kings' , and from the historiographers' subsequent need to define and locate al-Madīnat al-Zāhira within the wider historical framework of Islamic palace-building.
SU‐E‐T‐229: Adopting Toyota Production System Principles & Tools to Improve Radiation Therapy Processes

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Purpose: To implement Toyota Production System (TPS) lean tools and techniques in the Department of Radiation Oncology to maximize the individual productivity, process efficiency, deliver high level of quality and safe patient treatments. Methods: To continuously and relentlessly improve the performance of individuals and processes to an acceptable level of operation we have categorized the departmental operations into safety, quality, deliverability, cost and morale. We had issues with all aspects of the radiation therapy process that affect the quality and deliverability of treatment to our patients. To address these areas we adopted TPS lean principles and tools with existing resources such as gemba walk, visual controls and daily huddle where therapists, dosimeterists, physicists and physicians participate towards the lean management of the processes until the requested resources are available. These issues are addressed with clear communication through simple tools and with individuals in the department. To make this process and progress transparent, we have placed a huddle boards consisting of daily update of issues, actions needed to address the issues, and progress in safety, quality, deliverability, cost and morale, and effects of these progressions to the department. Results: With the implementation of simple, direct and effective TPS lean techniques in the department and hard stop policy of postponing IMRT patients not ready by the noon of the day before the first treatment, the work flow has become more streamlined and has helped in timely start of the patient treatments. With the availability of an assigned physicist to answer questions during the clinical hours, physicians, dosimeterists, and therapists concerns were also addressed in timely and orderly fashion and boosted the morale among the department Conclusion: TPS lean techniques have been effective in decreasing the patient delays while increasing quality and safety to the patients with same cost and improved staff morale.
Motor Starting Direct-on-line: Performance Analysis in ATP and MATLAB/SIMULINK Environments

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents a performance analysis of motor starting direct-on-line simulations in Alternative Transient Program (ATP) and MATLAB/SIMULINK. A comparative study between these two softwares was carried out with the objective of evaluating the advantages and disadvantages of both softwares in motor starting direct-on-line simulations. Operation conditions of no-load and nominal were analyzed and its results compared to catalog data for validation purposes.
COVID-19 Pandemic Effects on Depression, Anxiety, and Stress of Hemodialysis Patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Hemodialysis patients are disproportionally at risk for depression and anxiety due to changes in functional status and financial and practical concerns. More recently in the year 2020, the Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) brought many behavioral and lifestyle changes related to quarantine policies. The purpose of this study was to evaluate changes in depression, anxiety, and stress among hemodialysis patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. This retrospective cohort study recruited 13 participants, ranging from age 18 to 60. Paper surveys were distributed to patients during treatment within an inpatient dialysis unit. This study used a modified version of the DASS-21 scale for depression, anxiety, and stress “before” the pandemic, as well as “during” the pandemic. A majority of participants’ final scores for depression and anxiety remained unchanged across the two time periods (53.8% and 69.2%, respectively). Of those participants, 53.8% demonstrated an increase in final stress scores with the emergence of the pandemic. Findings suggest that increases in stress among hemodialysis patients may be related to variables of the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition to personal risks and vulnerabilities, managing end stage renal disease and facing a global disease may explain the sample’s stress scores. Caregivers and healthcare providers should routinely assess hemodialysis patients’ cognitive, behavioral and emotional wellbeing. Further evaluation of exacerbating factors is needed to explore the overall effects of the COVID-19 pandemic among the population.
The effects of different indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) concentrations, two light regimes of in vitro rooting and acclimatization of in vitro teak (Tectona grandis L.f) plantlets

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Effects of different indole-3-butyric (IBA) concentrations (0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 and 5.0 mg/l), two light regimes of in vitro rooting and acclimatization on in vitro teak (Tectona grandis L.f) were investigated. Shoots incubated in the light produced higher mean number of roots (2.0) and mean root length of 15.0 and 4.5 mm when supplemented with low IBA concentrations of 0.5 and 1.0 mg/l, respectively. Conversely, when shoots were incubated in the dark, higher mean number of roots (8.0 and 3.0) and mean root lengths (14.0 and 8.8 mm) were produced when supplemented with higher IBA concentrations of 2.0 and 3.0 mg/l, respectively. IBA was found necessary for root induction and growth in light and dark where 2.0 mg/l was optimum as it recorded high mean number of root (6.0 and 8.0) with mean root lengths of 11.8 and 14.0 mm, respectively. High survival percentage of 80% was recorded for those plantlets raised in “jiffy-7” but survival reduced to 40% when grown in the autoclaved soil after one week. Key words: Teak (Tectona grandis) plantlets, indole-3-butyric acid, light regime, in vitro rooting, acclimatization.
MAGNETORECEPTION AND ITS NEURAL BASIS IN SPINY LOBSTERS

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The research presented here investigates magnetoreception (the ability to detect Earth’s magnetic field) and its underlying mechanisms in the Caribbean spiny lobster, Panulirus argus. Spiny lobsters are the only invertebrates known to detect and use directional and positional information from Earth’s magnetic field. Despite decades of research, we still do not know how lobsters, or indeed any animals, are able to perceive magnetic fields. To shed light on this elusive sensory modality, I examine the behavioral and transcriptomic responses of lobsters to strong magnetic stimuli. Behavioral studies revealed that lobsters actively avoid dens with a strong magnetic anomaly and that lobster size is a predictor of avoidance behavior. On average, lobsters that chose dens with the anomaly were significantly smaller than those that chose dens with a non-magnetic weight. These findings are consistent with magnetoreception in lobsters, suggest ontogenetic variation in the lobster’s response to magnetic fields, and indicate that magnetic anomalies might affect the movements of lobsters and other animals in the natural environment. In additional behavioral studies testing the ‘magnetite hypothesis’ of magnetoreception, lobsters were subjected to a strong magnetic pulse (a stimulus thought to disrupt magnetoreceptors based on permanently magnetic material, such as magnetite), and their subsequent orientation was tested. In contrast to controls, lobsters exposed to the pulse displayed directed orientation, consistent with magnetite-based magnetoreception. Finally, transcriptomic approaches were used to identify candidate genes associated with magnetoreception and to determine the effects of a magnetic pulse on the lobster central nervous system. Hundreds of genes were differentially expressed throughout the nervous system in response to the pulse, many of which were associated with iron regulation and the oxidative effects of free iron on cells. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that iron-based magnetoreceptors in the lobster central nervous system are disrupted or damaged by pulse magnetization. Furthermore, genes linked to diverse biological functions that are likely not linked to magnetoreceptors showed altered expression, suggesting that the pulse treatment had a significant impact on neural physiology. Together, these findings provide novel and significant insights into the mechanisms underlying magnetoreception and the physiological effects of pulse magnetization.