jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Replicated radiations in the South American Marsh Pitcher genus Heliamphora (Sarraceniaceae) lead to convergent carnivorous trap morphologies

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The evolution of carnivorous pitcher traps across multiple angiosperm lineages represents a classic example of morphological convergence. Nevertheless, no comparative study to-date has examined pitcher evolution from a quantitative morphometric perspective. In the present study, we used comparative morphometric approaches to quantify the shape space occupied by Heliamphora pitchers and to trace evolutionary trajectories through this space to examine patterns of divergence and convergence within the genus. We also investigated pitcher development, and in particular, how the packing of pitchers is affected by crowding, a common condition in their natural environments. Our results showed that Heliamphora pitchers have diverged along three main axes in morphospace: pitcher curvature, nectar spoon elaboration, and pitcher stoutness. Both curvature and stoutness were correlated with pitcher size, suggesting structural constraints in pitcher morphological evolution. Among these four traits (curvature, spoon elaboration, stoutness and size), all but curvature lacked phylogenetic and showed marked convergence across the phylogeny. We also observed tighter packing of pitchers in crowded conditions, and this effect was most pronounced in curved, slender pitchers. Overall, our study demonstrates that diversification and convergent evolution of carnivory-related traits extends to finer evolutionary timescales, reinforcing the notion that ecological specialization may not necessarily be an evolutionary dead end.
Two-week intensive locomotor training improves balance and mobility of a person with chronic incomplete C4 tetraparesis

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: Literature supports the achievement of meaningful functional outcomes following long duration intensive locomotor training (LT).However, these long duration protocols may not be feasible in the current reimbursement environment.The purpose of this case report was to determine if similar functional gains can be achieved through a shorter duration, high intensity training in a person with chronic motor-incomplete C4 tetraparesis. Case presentation:The patient was a 61-year-old male with a chronic incomplete spinal cord injury (iSCI) level C4 ASIA Impairment Scale (AIS) D (16 months).The intervention was initiated after 13 months of traditional outpatient physical therapy.Discussion: Course of 10 sessions over two weeks of 90-minute intensive locomotor training comprised of body weight supported treadmill training (BWSTT) with manual assistance, overground training, and independent community integration.Improvements in the Berg Balance Scale, Timed Up and Go, independent walking distances, and self-reported quality of life were noted.Conclusion: A patient with chronic (>1 year) SCI AIS D improved in walking ability and balance after two weeks of intensive locomotor training.The outcomes followed a similar trend seen with long duration protocols.
Opinion 2409 (Case 3694) — Pomachilius variegatus Schwarz, 1904 (Insecta, Coleoptera, Elateridae): conservation of the specific name by suppression of the name Aeolus variegatus Curtis, 1839 not approved

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature has declined to use its plenary power to conserve the specific name Pomachilus variegatus Schwarz, 1904 by suppressing the senior secondary homonym Aeolus variegatus Curtis, 1839.
Comparative study on image analysis techniques for plant seed images

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Digital image processing is versatile study in this era. Many researchers implement different types of association like image restoration, enhancement and segmentation etc. Implementing image-processing systems can entail considerable attempt and assets due to information volume and algorithm complexity. Input image including noise, reduction or removal of noise is one form of image enhancement. This anticipated endeavor deal with creating an optimized image analysis environment with three states such as Noise Reduction, Edge Detection and Segmentation. This effort involves creating a new modeling representation for compare the performance using various filters in these three states. In this paper, detailed comparative study of noise removal filters, edge detection techniques and segmentation techniques are analyzed and compared the performances.
Response of genetic dwarf apple plants to GA3

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

High temperature has been implicated as the major factor responsible for dwarfing of selected apple ( Malus domestica Borkh.) trees of a hybrid population of cv. Goldspur Delicious x cv. Redspur Delicious. Dwarf plants grew only 2.2 cm in 63 days under a ramped temperature regime (night 15°C, day ramped up to 38°C, held for 2 h and ramped down to 15°C—14 h daylength), whereas semi‐dwarf plants grew 26.3 cm. At a constant 27°C (14 h daylength), both dwarf and semi‐dwarf plants grew 26.3 cm. At a constant 27°C (14 h daylength), both dwarf and semi‐dwarf plants grew nearly 50 cm. The gibberellin biosynthesis inhibitor, paclobutrazol, retarded growth of semi‐dwarf plants in both ramped and constant environments and dwarf plants in the constant 27°C environment. It did not further reduce the size of dwarf plants growing under the ramped regime. Gibberellin (GA 3 ) treatment reversed the inhibition of growth caused by paclobutrazol for all plants except it did not restore growth of dwarf plants in the ramped environment. These data suggest that neither pacobutrazoltreated nor untreated dwarf plants growing in the ramped environment (or in the orchard during hot summer months) are able to respond to GA 3 . In constrast, GA 3 was utilized by the paclobutrazol‐inhibited dwarf plants growing at constant 27°C, enabling shoot elongation to take place. It appears that high temperature may have caused alterations in GA target tissues in dwarf plants so that they no longer had the capacity to respond to GA.
Multiple functions for actin during filamentous growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Saccharomyces cerevisiae is dimorphic and switches from a yeast form to a pseudohyphal (PH) form when starved for nitrogen. PH cells are elongated, bud in a unipolar manner, and invade the agar substrate. We assessed the requirements for actin in mediating the dramatic morphogenetic events that accompany the transition to PH growth. Twelve “alanine scan ” alleles of the single yeast actin gene (ACT1) were tested for effects on filamentation, unipolar budding, agar invasion, and cell elongation. Some act1 mutations affect all phenotypes, whereas others affect only one or two aspects of PH growth. Tests of intragenic complementation among specific act1 mutations support the phenotypic evidence for multiple actin functions in filamentous growth. We present evidence that interaction between actin and the actin-binding protein fimbrin is important for PH growth and suggest that association of different actin-binding proteins with actin mediates the multiple functions of actin in filamentous growth. Furthermore, characterization of cytoskeletal structure in wild type and act1/act1 mutants indicates that PH cell morphogenesis requires the maintenance of a highly polarized actin cytoskeleton. Collectively, this work demonstrates that actin plays a central role in fungal dimorphism.
Materials Data on EuAl3Ag2 by Materials Project

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

EuAg2Al3 crystallizes in the hexagonal P6/mmm space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Eu is bonded in a distorted hexagonal planar geometry to six equivalent Ag and twelve equivalent Al atoms. All Eu–Ag bond lengths are 3.23 Å. All Eu–Al bond lengths are 3.56 Å. Ag is bonded in a 12-coordinate geometry to three equivalent Eu and six equivalent Al atoms. All Ag–Al bond lengths are 2.74 Å. Al is bonded to four equivalent Eu and four equivalent Ag atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge, face, and corner-sharing AlEu4Ag4 cuboctahedra.
Determination of Grouper Species of Subfamily Epinephelinae from Raja Ampat (West Papua) Region Using CO1 Gene Sequence

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The Raja Ampat Islands, located near the heart of the “Coral Triangle” on Bird's Head Peninsula, West Papua, Indonesia are well known for its outstanding biological diversity and stunning marine and terrestrial habitats. Groupers (family Serranidae) has included as part of the 5 largest families associated with coral reefs on the Bird’s Head region. The grouper identification was generally done on the basis of color patterns and morphological characters, but oftentimes these characters show intraspecific variations or differences in color patterns between juvenile and adult individuals. This study aims to confirm the type of grouper species that were obtained from the sport fishing activities around Raja Ampat Island. Species confirmation from subfamily of Epinephelinae determined by analyzing the number of differences of nucleotides and genetic distance on the sequence of the CO1 gene (Cytochrome oxidase subunit 1). A total of eight fish samples were successfully sequenced and aligned. Those samples consist of eight species belonging to the three genera namely Anyperodon, Epinephelus, and Cephalopolis.
Effect of melatonin on ketamine-induced apoptosis in hippocampal neurons of fetal rats

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Objective To investigate the effect of melatonin on ketamine-induced apoptosis in hippocampal neurons of fetal rats.Methods Sixteen to eighteen day pregnant Sprague Dawley rats were anesthetized.The fetal rats were obtained under sterile condition and decapitated.The hippocampal neurons were isolated and primary cultured for 5 days.The primary cultured neurons were randomly divided into 5 groups (n =6 each):control group (group C),ketamine group (group K),and 1.0,2.5 and 5.0 mmol/L melatonin groups (groups M1-3 respectively).Ketamine with the final concentration of 1 000 μmol/L was added to the culture medium and the neurons were incubated for 3 h in group K.In groups M1-3,1.0,2.5 and 5.0 mmol/L melatonin were added to the culture medium,respectively,at 60 min before the addition of ketamine,and the neurons were incubated for 3 h.While the equal volume of normal saline was added instead in group C.The neuronal viability during the developmental phase was assessed by MTT assay.The mitochondrial membrane potential (Ψm) was measured by flow cytometry.The expression of cAMP response element binding protein phosphorylation (p-CREB (Ser133)),Bcl-2,Bax,and cytochrome C was detected by Western blot.Results Compared with group C,the neuronal viability and Ψm were significantly decreased,and the expression of p-CREB and Bcl-2 was down-regulated,while the expression of Bax and cytochrome C was up-regulated in group K (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with group K,Ψm was significantly increased in groups M2 and M3,and the neuronal viability was significantly increased,the expression of Bcl-2 was up-regulated,while the expression of Bax and cytochrome C was down-regulated in groups M1-3 (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Melatonin can protect the hippocampal neurons of fetal rats from apoptosis triggered by ketamine via regulating the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax,stabilizing Ψm,inhibiting the release of cytochrome C from mitoehondria,and preventing apoptosome formation.

Key words:
Melatonin; Ketamine; Membrane potential, mitochondrial; Hippocampus; Neurons; Apoptosis
‘Alı B.Ahmad Al-Hiti And His Work Al-Saif Al-Batır

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This study is about ‘Alı b. Ahmad al-Hiti, one of the Ottoman scholars lived in 16. and 17. centuries, and his work al-Saif al-Batır. In this study, his life, scientific carrier and works were examined. Al-Hiti, who was a linguist ( lughavi ), teologian and lawyer ( faqih ), was an “imam” at Husayn Mosque in Cairo. Al-Saif al-Batır that is one of the history of islamic sects’ books, consists of an introduction and five chapters. In introduction, the purpose of the book is explained; in the first chapter, graces of al-sahaba are described; in the second chapter, the authenticity of Abu Bakr, ‘Umar, ‘Uthman, Alı and Hasan are defended; in the third chapter, the approaches of Şi’a and Rafızıds toward Ali’s chaliphate are established and criticised; in the fourth chapter, some views of Şi’a and Rafızıds about different subjects are described; in the fifth chapter the war against them, taking their goods and properties in hand and taking their womans and children as prisoner of war are put forward.
Data from Tumor Immune Microenvironment Changes by Multiplex Immunofluorescence Staining in a Pilot Study of Neoadjuvant Talazoparib for Early-Stage Breast Cancer Patients with a Hereditary <i>BRCA</i> Mutation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<div>AbstractPurpose:<p>The immunological profile of early-stage breast cancer treated with neoadjuvant PARP inhibitors has not been described. The aim of this study was to delineate the changes in the tumor immune microenvironment (TiME) induced by talazoparib.</p>Patients and Methods:<p>Patients with operable germline <i>BRCA1/2</i> pathogenic variant (<i>gBRCA1/</i>2<sup>+</sup>) breast cancer were enrolled in a feasibility study of neoadjuvant talazoparib. Thirteen patients who received 8 weeks of neoadjuvant talazoparib were available for analysis, including 11 paired pre- and post-talazoparib core biopsies. Treatment-related changes in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes were examined and immune cell phenotypes and their spatial distribution in the TiME were identified and quantified by multiplex immunofluorescence using a panel of 6 biomarkers (CD3, CD8, CD68, PD-1, PD-L1, and CK).</p>Results:<p>Neoadjuvant talazoparib significantly increased infiltrating intratumoral and stromal T-cell and cytotoxic T-cell density. There was no difference in PD-1 or PD-L1 immune cell phenotypes in the pre- and post-talazoparib specimens and PD-L1 expression in tumor cells was rare in this cohort. Spatial analysis demonstrated that pre-talazoparib interactions between macrophages and T cells may correlate with pathologic complete response.</p>Conclusions:<p>This is the first study with phenotyping to characterize the immune response to neoadjuvant talazoparib in patients with g<i>BRCA1/2<sup>+</sup></i> breast cancer. These findings support an emerging role for PARP inhibitors in enhancing tumor immunogenicity. Further investigation of combinatorial strategies is warranted with agents that exploit the immunomodulatory effects of PARP inhibitors on the TiME.</p></div>
Design and Simulation of an Entry Edge Guide Control System for Tandem Cold Mills

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A new entry edge guide control system for cold mills was designed using a dual-mode control system. One control loop regulated the cylinder pressure to prevent machine damage due to pressure surge while the other loop provided edge guide position control. The target control level was ±1.59 mm accuracy for a maximum operating strip speed of 530 mpm with coil sidewall location variations of ±12.5 mm/sec. A mathematical model was developed to simulate the dynamic behavior of the control system using the state space design method. The control system features two PID controllers, two hydraulic proportional valves, and a digital edge sensor. The PID tuning constants and the hydraulic proportional valves were specified by simulation results considering system response and signal noise. Data from 35 coils was used to investigate control performance. The results show that the average standard error is entirely acceptable. The majority of the coils are expected to have tracking errors less than the required accuracy.
Human-Centered Video Feature Selection via mRMR-SCMMCCA for Preference Extraction

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents human-centered video feature selection via mRMR-SCMMCCA (minimum Redundancy and Maximum Relevance-Specific Correlation Maximization Multiset Canonical Correlation Analysis) algorithm for preference extraction. The proposed method derives SCMMCCA, which simultaneously maximizes two kinds of correlations, correlation between video features and users’ viewing behavior features and correlation between video features and their corresponding rating scores. By monitoring the derived correlations, the selection of the optimal video features that represent users’ individual preference becomes feasible.
Knowledge of farmers about scientific feeding practices of broilers

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The present study was conducted on 125 broiler farmers selected randomly from all the five districts of Hisar division. The extent of knowledge possessed by the respondent at the time of the interview was measured using a set of questions. It was observed that the farmers, by and large, were having medium knowledge about scientific poultry feeding practices. The differences in the level of knowledge across different farmer categories were significant. It was observed that the communication behavior of the poultry farmers is unlike dairy farmers. Studies to explore the dynamics of poultry farmers information acquisition behavior are suggested. Similarly, subtle changes about different knowledge items were observed in the different farmer categories. Factors like farming experience, risk orientation, flock size and training exposure are having moderate significant association with the knowledge scores. However, the degree of association of diverse variables is varying across farmer categories.
Epithelial cell transforming sequence 2 expression is associated with the progression of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Epithelial cell transforming sequence 2 (ECT2) is a guanine nucleotide exchange factor and its expression is associated with the development of malignant tumor types. However, to the best of our knowledge, there is no information on the role of ECT2 in the development and progression of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). The present study aimed at investigating the expression pattern and potential role of ECT2 in the development and progression of LSCC. The expression of ECT2 in 81 pairs of LSCC and adjacent non-tumor tissues was characterized by immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. ECT2 expression was upregulated in LSCC tissues and associated significantly with poor differentiation, higher stages, lymph node metastasis and poor survival in the sample population. The relative expression levels of ECT2 mRNA transcripts were correlated with the intensity of anti-ECT2 staining in 25 ECT2+LSCC specimens selected randomly. These results indicated that ECT2 expression was crucial for the progression of LSCC and may serve as a biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of LSCC.
AI in Talent Scouting and Player Development

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing sports organizations by enhancing talent scouting, player development, and operational efficiency. This chapter explores the transformative role of AI and machine learning in identifying and nurturing athletic talent. It delves into the evolution of talent scouting, the integration of AI technologies such as predictive analytics and wearable sensors, and the implications for player development. Key sections address AI-driven scouting methods, player performance optimization, and the ethical and legal considerations of using AI. The chapter also discusses practical and managerial challenges in implementing AI systems, including data privacy and bias mitigation. By examining future trends and innovations, it provides a comprehensive overview of how AI is reshaping sports management and offers insights into the ethical and practical considerations that organizations must navigate.
Full Anatomical Recovery of the Dopaminergic System after a Complete Spinal Cord Injury in Lampreys

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Following a spinal injury, lampreys at first are paralyzed below the level of transection. However, they recover locomotion after several weeks, and this is accompanied by the regeneration of descending axons from the brain and the production of new neurons in the spinal cord. Here, we aimed to analyse the changes in the dopaminergic system of the sea lamprey after a complete spinal transection by studying the changes in dopaminergic cell numbers and dopaminergic innervation in the spinal cord. Changes in the expression of the D2 receptor were also studied. We report the full anatomical regeneration of the dopaminergic system after an initial decrease in the number of dopaminergic cells and fibres. Numbers of dopaminergic cells were recovered rostrally and caudally to the site of injury. Quantification of dopaminergic profiles revealed the full recovery of the dopaminergic innervation of the spinal cord rostral and caudal to the site of injury. Interestingly, no changes in the expression of the D2 receptor were observed at time points in which a reduced dopaminergic innervation of the spinal cord was observed. Our observations reveal that in lampreys a spinal cord injury is followed by the full anatomical recovery of the dopaminergic system.
Effects of Creative Thinking and Its Personality Determinants on Negative Emotion Regulation

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This study investigated the relationship between creativity and negative emotion, and the effects of integrating creative insight into the reappraisal process on negative emotions. In Study 1, participants’ creativity and baseline anxiety levels were measured; then anxiety was induced, and anxiety levels were reassessed. In Study 2, participants wrote about past negative events and then completed the positive and negative affect schedule. They were split into three groups (insight reappraisal, simple reappraisal, or control groups); each of them received a separate intervention, and then they completed positive and negative affect schedule again. In Study 3, participants were randomly assigned to insight reappraisal or control groups; apart from measuring cognitive changes, the procedures were identical to Study 2. All participants were undergraduate students. Results showed that flexibility, originality, risk-taking, and complexity are negatively correlated with anxiety, and that insight reappraisal can induce insight experience and enhance cognitive changes, and reduce negative emotional responses. Therefore, integrating creative insight into the reappraisal process can enhance its effectiveness in reducing negative emotions.
Movie recommender system using multidimensional and weighted multiple criteria data

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Most of current Recommender Systems based on Content-Based Filtering, Collaborative Filtering, Demographic Filtering and Hybrid Filtering which are concentrated on user and item entities. Many research papers are improved by pointing out either Multiple Criteria Rating approach or Multidimensional approach for Recommender System. This paper proposes an advanced Recommender System to provide higher quality of recommendations by combining the Multiple Criteria rating and the Multidimensional approaches. For the Multiple Criteria approach, this paper proposed a method that changes the way of weighting to be more suitable and also concern about the frequency of the selection movie features. To do Multidimensional approach, the Multiple Linear Regression is applied to analyze the contextual information of user characteristics. According to the experimental evaluation, the combining of Multiple Criteria Rating and Multidimensional approaches provide more accurate recommendation results than the current Hybrid Recommender Systems.