jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A Data-Driven Approach to Analyze Mobility Patterns and the Built Environment: Evidence from Brescia, Catania, and Salerno (Italy)

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Investigating the correlation between urban mobility patterns and the built environment is crucial to support an integrated approach to transportation and land-use planning in modern cities. In this study, we aim to conduct a data-driven analysis of these two interrelated parts of the urban environment through the estimation of a set of metrics to assist city planners in making well-informed strategic decisions. Metrics are computed by aggregating and correlating different types of data sources. Floating Car Data (FCD) are used to compute metrics on mobility demand and traffic patterns. The built environment metrics are mainly derived from population and housing census data, as well as by investigating the topology and the functional classification adopted in the OpenStreetMap Repository to describe the importance and the role of each street in the overall network. Thanks to this set of metrics, accessibility indexes are then estimated to capture and explain the interaction between traffic patterns and the built environment in three Italian cities: Brescia, Catania, and Salerno. The results confirm that the proposed data-driven approach can extract valuable information to support decisions leading to more sustainable urban mobility volumes and patterns. More specifically, the application results show how the physical shape of each city and the related street network characteristics affect the accessibility profiles of different city zones and, consequently, the associated traffic patterns and travel delays. In particular, the combined analysis of city layouts, street network distributions, and floating car profiles suggests that cities such as Brescia, which is characterized by a homogeneously distributed radial street system, exhibit a more balanced spread of activities and efficient mobility behaviors.
How to twirl a hula hoop

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We consider the twirling of a hula hoop when the waist of a gymnast moves along an elliptical trajectory close to a circle. For a circular trajectory, two families of exact solutions are obtained, corresponding to twirling of the hula hoop with a constant angular speed equal to the speed of the excitation. We show that one family of solutions is stable, and the other one is unstable. These exact solutions allow us to obtain approximate solutions for a slightly elliptical trajectory of the waist. We demonstrate that to twirl a hula hoop the waist needs to rotate with a phase difference between π/2 and π. An interesting effect of inverse twirling is described when the waist moves in a direction opposite to the hula hoop rotation. The approximate analytical solutions are compared with the results of a numerical calculation.
Simulation of the one-phase Stefan problem in a layer of a semitransparent medium

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Radiative-conductive heat transfer in a semitransparent layer of a material with a phase transition is numerically simulated within the framework of solving the one-phase Stefan problem. Results of the solution describe the process of melting under equilibrium and nonequilibrium conditions of thermal energy supply. The possibility of simulation of thermal processes as applied to the development of both effective thermal protection and ideal technology of melting (evaporation) in layers of semitransparent materials is demonstrated.
11. TITLE (Include Securny Claswfication) The Effect of Flow Rates on the Localized Corrosion Behavior of 304 Stainlesi

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Ia. NAME OF FUNDING /SPONSORING 8b. OFFICE SYMBOL 9. PROCUREMEFlT &apos; NTRUOMuE t.N1iP&apos;L.AT tII NUMBER
[Possibilities of various diagnostic methods in the assessment of the state of axillary lymph nodes in breast cancer].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The incidence of axillary lymph nodal metastases in breast cancer is proportional to the size of a focus: To is 25 +/- 25%, T1-33 +/- 17%, T2-55 +/- 7%, T3-65 +/- 11%, the choice of the optimum treatment regimen requires more accurate preoperative detection of metastatic lymph nodes. Ultrasound technique (its accuracy is 80%, sensitivity-88%) is of the most diagnostic value in the detection of metastatic lymph nodes. The absence of echographic signs supports the nonspecific nature of changes. Palpation is preferable in nonspecific axillary lymph nodal lesions. The status of axillary lymph nodes in breast cancer may be correctly assessed by comprehensive clinical and ultrasonic studies of the axillary area wherein, supplementing each other, each technique yield the maximum information.
HE PHYSIOLOGICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF CLASSICAL MUSIC AND POP MUSIC ON FEMALE HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Purpose: Since the early times of history, music has evolved as a branch of art as well as being applied for the purpose of treatment. The effects of music on individuals, animals and plants have been heavily researched in recent years. So, we aimed to determine the physiological and psychological effects of classical and pop music on young students. Method: Various types of music invoke different reactions on animals, plants and individuals. We compared the results of effects of music we obtained from 17 female students aged 14-16. In this regard, we measured physiological parameters of subjects such as pulse, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, reaction times to light and sound, and the precision of voluntary action with muscle fatigue and precision test. Moreover, we assessed their psychological mood with the short-term memory, situational anxiety test. In order to acquire general knowledge about subjects, they were required to fill in information forms. We conducted the test in the same order on subjects who were individually taken into a room. The tests were applied to the subjects while they were a) not exposed to music and to classical music; b) not exposed to music and to pop music. The obtained results were compared with Student’s-t and Wilcoxon-t tests. Findings: According to the results, when prior to listening to music period was compared with while listening period; 1. the systolic and diastolic blood pressure and the number of pulses remained unchan ged; 2. while reaction to light duration decreased, reaction to sound duration increased; 3. short-term memory decreased; 4. rhythmic stroke pace in muscle action increased; 5. the precision of voluntary action decreased in pop music, and it increased in classical music. Discussion: The reason that the pulse along with the systolic diastolic pressure remained unchanged was because the subjects were inactive and unexcited before and during the music due to the atmosphere of experiment. The duration of reaction to sound by the subjects was supposed to be short but actually their reaction to the light was shorter because music prevented their reaction to the sound stimuli. In the same way, since music distracts the subjects, it affects the memory in the negative way. Since precision decreases the response when listening to the pop music and it increases during classical music, these values indicate to us that music with a fast tempo negatively affects the response at tasks that require concentration. Conclusions: Music hinders the reactions of the subjects to sound stimulus and affects it in a negative way by extending the reaction time. Therefore their reaction time increases. It is observed that music with fast rhythms affects short-term memory, decreases the effectiveness of the voluntary actions but it increases the effectiveness of the action in which muscle action is needed. Besides, music has the ability to remove stress and also make people feel relaxed and tranquil.
The Inception of a Curriculum Leadership Development Program in Taiwan: Rationales and Designs

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The authors aim to present a case study of a three-year professional development program for school leaders with a specific focus on cultivating curriculum leadership. This program is funded by the Ministry of Education Taiwan and its goal is to empower school leaders’ curriculum leadership under the second wave of curriculum reform in Taiwan. Based on a previous prototype developed in Taipei, a sequential professional development program was proposed to assist school leaders in junior high schools to develop curriculum leadership. The Cultivating Curriculum Leaders in Schools (CCLS) program starts from 2015. Currently, it is in the third year. The authors explain the ideas hidden behind the program design and tools that we incorporate in CCLS program. The case study can provide readers who are interested in professional development and curriculum leadership in secondary school level with substantial data on the design cycle of an existing program.
Reserve requirements as a financial stability instrument

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

We quantify the economic trade-offs of using reserve requirements (RR) with a financial stability objective. We estimate the costs of a tightening in RR by calculating the fall of bank credit and industrial production growth in a panel VAR. Then, we estimate the benefits by calculating the drop in frequency and incidence of financial distress episodes in an early warning system model. We find that RR are an effective financial stability tool. The economic gains from a lower probability of financial distress more than compensate the initial reduction in economic activity. Additionally, we find that the effects of RR, both in terms of costs and benefits, are greater in emerging market economies compared to advanced economies. Finally, we show that single RR and RR by maturity have a greater positive effect, whereas RR by currency could be responding to other objectives such as financial dedollarisation.
Tool/Chip Interfacial Friction Analysis in Atomistic Machining of Polycrystalline Coppers

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Three-dimensional (3D) molecular dynamics (MD) simulation is performed to study the tool/chip interface friction phenomenon in machining of polycrystalline copper at atomistic scale. Three polycrystalline copper structures with the equivalent grain sizes of 12.25, 7.72, and 6.26 nm are constructed for simulation. Also, a monocrystalline copper structure is simulated as the benchmark case. Besides the grain size, the effects of depth of cut, cutting speed, and tool rake angle are also considered. It is found that the friction force and normal force distributions along the tool/chip interface in both polycrystalline and monocrystalline machining exhibit similar patterns. The reduction in grain size overall increases the magnitude of normal force along the tool/chip interface, but the normal forces in all polycrystalline cases are smaller than that in the monocrystalline case. In atomistic machining of polycrystalline coppers, the increase of depth of cut consistently increases the normal force along the entire contact area, but this trend cannot be observed for the friction force. In addition, both higher cutting speed and more negative tool rake angle do not bring significant changes to the distributions of normal and friction forces on the interface, but both factors tend to increase the magnitudes of the two force components.
Antarctic Science and Policy: Interdisciplinary Research Education (ASPIRE)

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The purpose of the report is to illustrate an interdisciplinary approach for teaching Earth System Science Education (ESSE) through group decision-making activities. This educational approach has been applied successfully in an interdisciplinary capstone course on Antarctic Marine Ecology and Policy that has been taught at universities in the United States since 1982. In this course, each student becomes an "ambassador" to an Antarctic Treaty nation with the task of recommending a practical and clearly defined solution that would mitigate a specific human impact in the Antarctic marine ecosystem. These solutions are discussed and refined in working groups throughout the course to create the formal recommendations that are debated at the end of the term in a Mock Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting. The effectiveness of this interdisciplinary activity in teaching ESSE courses is assessed with regard to several student case studies.
clustered lady&apos;s slipper Status: State Sensitive, USFWS Species of Concern

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

General Description: Perennial herbaceous plant with a single erect stem 2-8 inches tall and a single pair of broad, parallelveined, pleated leaves at or above the middle of the stem, which is covered with woolly hairs. Flowers droop in a tight cluster of 2-4 at the tip of the stem and consist of greenish-brown or greenish-purple petals and sepals, usually purple-lined or mottled, and a greenish-yellow pouch with brownish-purple margins, often with a purplish tinge. The stem above the leaves becomes erect and elongates as the capsules develop. Identification Tips: Cypripedium fasciculatum is quite distinctive and is not likely to be confused with any other taxon. Even without flowers, the single pair of broad, parallel-veined leaves and the densely hairy stem are quite diagnostic. Phenology: Flowers from early May through mid-June. Range: Occurs in coniferous forests along the Cascade-Sierran axis from Washington to central California and at widely scattered locations in the Rocky Mountains in Idaho, Montana, Wyoming, Utah and Colorado. In WA, the species is known from the eastern slopes of the Cascades in the Eastern Cascades physiographic province in Chelan, Kittitas, Klickitat, and Yakima counties, in the Columbia Basin physiographic province in Whitman County, in the Blue Mountains physiographic province in Columbia and Garfield counties, and one occurrence in Pierce County in the Western Cascades physiographic province. There is also a historical record from Skamania County. Habitat: Mid- to late seral Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) or ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) overstories with a closed herbaceous layer and variable shrub layer, mostly on northerly aspects. Elevations range considerably, from approximately 1200 feet to more than 5000 feet above sea level. Associated species include Oregon boxwood (Pachistima myrsinites), oceanspray (Holodiscus discolor), spiraea (Spiraea betulifolia), Oregon grape (Berberis nervosa), pinegrass (Calamagrostis rubescens), heart-leaf arnica (Arnica cordifolia) and elk sedge
Capitulation in unramified quadratic extensions of real quadratic number fields

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Let k be an algebraic number field and C k its ideal class group (in the wider sense). Suppose K is a finite extension of k . Then we say that an ideal class of k capitulates in K if this class is in the kernel of the homomorphism induced by extension of ideals from k to K (See Section 2 below). In [ 4 ], Iwasawa gives examples of real quadratic number fields, with distinct primes P i ≡ 1 (mod 4), for which all the ideal classes of the 2-class group, C k,2 (the 2-Sylow subgroup of C k ), capitulate in an unramified quadratic extension of k . In these examples, C k,2 is abelian of type (2,2), i.e. isomorphic to ℤ/2ℤ×ℤ/2ℤ and so all four ideal classes capitulate.
Microbial Contamination of Mobile Phone Screens Among Clinical Laboratory Staff in Private Facilities in Tripoli, Libya: Prevalence, Bacterial Spectrum, and Infection Control Implications

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Mobile phones (MPs) are frequently handled in clinical laboratories and can act as reservoirs for bacteria (1, 2). To estimate the prevalence and spectrum of bacterial contamination on MPs of laboratory staff in private facilities in Tripoli, Libya. We swabbed 60 phone screens using sterile saline-moistened swabs, cultured specimens on standard media, and identified isolates with routine bacteriological methods (3, 4). 51 of 60 phones (85.0%, 95% CI 73.9–91.9) yielded growth. Across 75 isolates, the leading organisms were Staphylococcus epidermidis (20, 26.7%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (16, 21.3%), Escherichia coli (14, 18.7%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (11, 14.7%), Staphylococcus aureus (8, 10.6%), Bacillus spp. (4, 5.3%), and Salmonella spp. (2, 2.7%). MPs used by laboratory personnel showed a high contamination burden, including clinically relevant pathogens. Structured phone-hygiene policies should complement hand hygiene in private-sector laboratories.
Effect of vacuum plasma treatment on the shear bond strength of 3D-printed resin and self-adhesive resin cement

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

This study investigated the effect of vacuum plasma treatment on the shear bond strength (SBS) of three-dimensional (3D)-printed resin and resin cement. Specimens were categorized based on airborne-particle abrasion (APA), plasma, and bonding agent treatments. Long-term adhesive stability was examined by comparing their SBSs before and after thermocycling. The group with the bonding agent applied after plasma treatment and before thermocycling exhibited the highest SBS of 23.9±2.2 MPa. No significant SBS difference was observed among the remaining groups, except for that subjected only to plasma treatment after thermocycling. The wettability of distilled water improved in the groups treated with plasma, whereas that of the bonding agent decreased in the group treated only with APA. Surface analysis revealed a roughened surface on the plasma-treated 3D-printed resin. Therefore, vacuum-plasma treatment before thermocycling can enhance the SBS of 3D-printed resin without compromising its properties.
The effect of n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids on platelet function in arterial disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Conference Article| June 01 1982 The effect of n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids on platelet function in arterial disease M. J. GIBNEY M. J. GIBNEY 1Department of Nutrition, School of Biochemical and Physiological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO9 5NH, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Author and article information Publisher: Portland Press Ltd Online ISSN: 1470-8752 Print ISSN: 0300-5127 © 1982 Biochemical Society1982 Biochem Soc Trans (1982) 10 (3): 161–163. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0100161 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation M. J. GIBNEY; The effect of n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids on platelet function in arterial disease. Biochem Soc Trans 1 June 1982; 10 (3): 161–163. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0100161 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search Keywords: CHD, coronary heart disease, LDL, low-density lipoprotein, PUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acids, Tx, thromboxane, Pg, prostaglandin This content is only available as a PDF. © 1982 Biochemical Society1982 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Ionic Perylenetetracarboxdiimides: Highly Fluorescent and Water‐Soluble Dyes for Biolabeling

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Es kommt Farbe ins Spiel: Wasserlösliche und hoch fluoreszente Perylentetracarboxdiimide (PDIs) wurden in hohen Ausbeuten durch Einführung geladener Gruppen in die Einbuchtung der PDI-Struktur erhalten (siehe Bild; C grau, H weiß, S gelb, O rot). Die Farbstoffe sind nichttoxisch und können daher zur Färbung lebender Zellen genutzt werden.
The isotopic differences and implications for Pacific razor clams along the Washington coast

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The Pacific razor clam fishery in Washington State has been co-managed by the coastal Indian Tribes and the state, but little is known about the growth and population structure of the clams due to difficulties of tagging and monitoring. Here we report the results of a pilot study using stable isotope ratios (δ 13 C and δ 18 O) of razor clam shells collected in two groups (juvenile vs. adult) and from two sites (Kalaloch Beach and Roosevelt Beach) where distinct biological differences in clam growth and survival rates were observed. The δ 13 C values of razor clam shells ranged from -2.9 to -0.3‰, whereas δ 18 O values of the same samples ranged from -2.2 to +1.4‰. Between the two sites there were significant differences in δ 13 C values especially for juvenile clams. The δ 18 O profiles from two representative shells demonstrated similar patterns of rapid growth as juveniles and seasonal patterns throughout the life span. Profiles of δ 13 C were sinusoidal but did not show seasonality and signatures of ocean acidification. We concluded that stable isotope analysis of razor clam shells is a potential new tool in shellfish research and management.
Optimal strategies for time-dependentplasma edge simulations for nuclear fusionreactors

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

One of the main issues in the study of magnetically confined nuclear fusion is the design of the divertor, a device near the reactor walls that has to withstand great amounts of heat and particle fluxes while acting as a pump. Simulations of the so-called plasma edge are very useful to study the performance of this kind of devices, but they can be very expensive and time consuming. The most advanced codes solve the fluid equations for the plasma, composed of electrons and ions, using a finite volume (FV) method coupled with a Monte Carlo (MC) code to compute the trajectories of the neutral particles. This adds statistical noise to the spatial and time discretization errors that arise in the model. There has been extensive research in the topic of assessing these errors in the code known as SOLPS-ITER, which is used among others to simulate the experimental reactor being built in Cadarache (France). However, study of the transient behaviour of this code has only been done in approximated models. The aim of this thesis is to properly analyse the characteristics of transient phenomena in SOLPS-ITER in comparison to the previous work in simpler models, as well as studying the different timescales present and particularly the algorithm used for the time integration of the equations. It was found that the spatial discretization error does in fact evolve linearly with the number of cells in the grid. Also the time integration error changes almost linearly with varying time step size, consistent with the first order time integration scheme based on an implicit Euler scheme. Also, a Dual Time Stepping scheme (DTS) is implemented in the code, to resolve the non-linear coupling between the plasma equations in each time step. However, unexpected behaviour was observed in the SOLPS-ITER code, where the transient behaviour became slower with increasing number of dual-time steps, as if the false-time is measured instead of the physical time. To further study this behaviour, DTS has been applied to several zero-dimensional and one-dimensional models representative of the plasma models in SOLPS-ITER, confirming that DTS should be able to correctly resolve the non-linearities in the equations. Unfortunately, the problem with the DTS scheme implemented in the code could not be detected, and should be subject of further research. The results obtained from simulations with the coupled FV-MC code indicate that the introduction of a Monte Carlo code does not change the general transient behaviour of the code, but a specific treatment to reduce the statistical noise could greatly improve this assessment.