jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Novel silicon-on-insulator Michelson interferometer for optical filtering and wavelength demultiplexing applications

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Interferometers are one of the basic devices in many photonics applications. Interferometers can be used in the design of optical filters, wavelength de-multiplexing (WDM), electro-optical modulators and optical sensors. They can also form the building block of optical digital signal processor (DSP). In this work, we propose novel integrated Michelson interferometer based on the Silicon on Insulator (SOI) technology with 220nm silicon device layer and working in the near infrared region. The Interferometer consists of input splitter directional coupler, two waveguide arms and directional coupler combiner with loop reflector. The interferometer transfer function and its parameters including the free spectral range (FSR), the full width half maximum (FWHM) and sensitivity were derived analytically. Using our proposed interferometer instead of the conventional Mach Zehnder Interferometer (MZI) as optical filter, electro-optical modulator or sensor will reduce the size of the device needed by a factor of two while achieving the same performance. Here, we use our Michelson Interferometer with four different path length differences resulting in FSR from 0.8nm to 6.4nm. A strip waveguide with 500nm width platform is used. These devices are suitable for optical filtering as well as wavelength de-multiplexing WDM applications. The simulation results of the proposed designs are extracted using Lumerical MODE and INTERCONNECT software tools that use scattering matrices of optical components to determine the transfer function of photonic integrated circuits (PICs). The designs were verified with three-dimensional finite-difference-time-domain (3D-FDTD) solver and show good agreement. Finally, the designs were fabricated using Electron Beam Lithography (EBL) and characterized showing also good matching with the numerical simulations results.
Extreme temperature regimes during the cool season: recent observed behavior and low frequency mode modulation

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

During the boreal cool season, regional climate in the United States is strongly impacted by extreme temperature regimes (ETRs), including both cold air outbreaks (CAOs) and warm waves (WWs), which have significant impacts on energy consumption, agriculture, as well as the human population. Using NCEP/NCAR and MERRA reanalysis data, the statistical characteristics of ETRs over three distinct geographical regions are studied: the Midwest (MW), Northeast Megalopolis (NE), and Deep South (SE). The regional long-term variability in the frequency and amplitude of ETRs is examined, and the modulation of these ETRs by low frequency modes is quantified. \n \nETR behavior is characterized using three different metrics applied to both T and Twc: 1) the number of extreme cold/warm days, 2) a seasonal cumulative "impact factor", and 3) a peak normalized anomaly value. A trend analysis reveals a significant downward trend in SE WW events from 1949-2011. Otherwise, no significant trends are found for ETRs in any of the other regions. Thus, these results indicate that there has not been any significant reduction in either the amplitude or frequency of CAOs over the United States during the period of analysis. In fact, for the SE region, the recent winters of 2009/2010 and 2010/2011 both rank among the top 5 in terms of CAO metrics. In addition, strong interannual variability in ETRs is evident from 1949-2011 in each region. Linear regression analysis is then used to determine the associations between ETR metrics and the seasonal mean state of several low frequency modes, and it is found that ETRs tend to be modulated by certain low frequency modes. For instance, in the SE region, there is a significant association between ETRs and the phase of the North Atlantic (or Arctic) Oscillation (NAO/AO), the Pacific North American (PNA) pattern (for WWs only), the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) and the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (for WWs only). Over the MW region, WWs are modulated by the NAO/AO and PNA patterns, while in the NE region, the AO, NAO (for WWs only) and PDO (for WWs only) are implicated. In addition, it is found that there is an asymmetry between the low frequency mode modulation of CAOs and WWs. Multiple linear regression analysis is then used to quantify the relative roles of the various low frequency modes in explaining interannual variability in ETR metrics, and reveals that various combinations of low frequency modes can explain anywhere between 10% and 50% of the variance in the ETR metrics.
Front Dentition of the Omomyiformes (Primates)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Within the primates the front dentition plays a major role in the classification of the different taxa. The extant strepsirhines are clearly characterized by the possession of a tooth comb. Tarsius differs in this complex by a construction which remembers the beak of an owl (vertically implanted medial incisors, upper pair bigger than mandibular pair). The front teeth of the extinct Microchoeridae are described. The dental formula of the group is discussed and compared with the Omomyidae. The wear pattern presents evidence of a dental comb as early as the Late Eocene.
Analysis Of Determinants Of Firm Value In Property And Real Estate Companies Listed On The Bei In 2019-2022

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This study aims to analyze and determine the effect of profitability as measured by return on assets, solvency as measured by debt to equity ratio to company value measured by price book value. This research uses quantitative methods with secondary data sources in the form of the company's annual financial statements. The population of this study is property and real estate companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the 2019-2022 period. The sampling technique used purposive sampling, and a sample of 37 companies was obtained. The data analysis technique uses multiple linear regression with the SPSS 25 program. The results showed that the return on assets and debt-to-equity ratio had no effect on the value of the company.
VEGF System in Dog’s Thymus—Temporal Expression

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Given the importance of the thymus to the immune system and the limited knowledge about its development and involution processes, this study evaluated the expression of the vascular endo-thelial growth factor, a key angiogenic factor for the formation of vascular tissue bed and modulation of functions related to cell proliferation and migration, hormone synthesis, and immunomodulation. In this study, thymus samples of dog fetuses (30, 40, 50 and 60 days old), and young (180 days old) and adult (365 days old) dogs were submitted to real-time PCR and Western blot. Time-dependent changes were observed for proteins and genes associated with the development of the vascular system, such as VEGF-A, VEGF-C, Flt-1, KDR, FLT-4, and EG-VEGF. This result demonstrates that these system components play different roles during development and involution of the thymus. Possible functions, such as the modulatory effect on vasculogenesis and microenvironment, influence the proliferation and differentiation of thymocytes, T cells maturation, cell-cell interaction and hormone secretion.
Practical Vth Control Methods for Ni-FUSI/HfSiON MOSFETs on SOI Substrates

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The methods for controlling threshold voltage (Vth) of Ni-fully-silicide (Ni-FUSI)/HfSiON CMOSFETs on SOI substrates were investigated. We achieved the suitable Vth for both low standby power (LSTP) and low operation power (LOP) devices by using the adjustment of channel doping for NFETs with NiSi gate electrode and the phase controlled (PC) Ni-FUSI technique for PFETs. We also investigated the Vth control by implantation of F and N. Applying the F-implantation technique to Ni-FUSI/HfSiON CMOSFETs on SOI substrates has the possibility to realize Vth control for both LSTP and LOP devices by single phase Ni-FUSI (NiSi) gate electrode
The demand for contrastive explanations

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

A “contrastive explanation” explains not only why some event A occurred, but why A occurred as opposed to some alternative event B. Some philosophers argue that agents could only be morally responsible for their choices if those choices have contrastive explanations, since they would otherwise be “luck infested”. Assuming that contrastive explanations cannot be offered for causally undetermined events, this requirement entails that no one could be held responsible for a causally undetermined choice. Such arguments challenge incompatibilism, since they entail that causal determinism is a prerequisite for moral responsibility. However, I argue that for a significant class of choices, even if we stipulate that they are determined, we will be unable to provide a relevant contrastive explanation. Hence causal determinism is no remedy for luck infestation, and compatibilists do not fare much better than incompatibilists in the face of this requirement. This should serve to weaken its philosophical appeal.
Impedance inversion based on deep learning considering structural constraints

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Summary Seismic impedance inversion aims to provide high-resolution impedance data for subsurface spatial tectonic analysis and reservoir prediction. Traditional inversion methods tend to impose people's prior knowledge, such as sparsity, into the modeling of inversion processes. Convolutional neural networks(CNNs) as a data-driven method have achieved excellent performance in the field of seismic impedance inversion. However, CNNs only extract local features of labeled impedance, which cannot learn the global and deep feature information interaction, and usually ignore the condition that the inverted impedance should be consistent with the structure of the label. In this paper, we propose a pure Transformer network (STUnet) with a structure similar to Unet for impedance inversion, and introduced the loss of structural similarity to guide the training process. The experimental results on synthetic data show that the proposed STUnet has better performance than other inversion methods based on deep learning.
Photoelectron Imaging and Density-Functional Investigation of Bismuth and Lead Anions Solvated in Ammonia Clusters

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

We present the results of photoelectron velocity-map imaging experiments for the photodetachment of small negatively charged ammonia solvated Bi(n) and Pb(n) (n = 1, 2) clusters at 527 nm. The vertical detachment energies of the observed multiple electronic bands and their respective anisotropy parameters for the solvated Bi and Pb anions and clusters derived from the photoelectron images are reported. The electronic bands of Bi(NH(3))(n=1,2) are distinct from the Bi metal ion in exhibiting a perpendicular distribution whereas the electronic bands in Pb(NH(3))(n=1,2), unlike the Pb anion, show an isotropic distribution with respect to the laser polarization. Density-functional theory calculations with a generalized gradient approximation for the exchange-correlation potential were performed on these clusters to determine their atomic and electronic structures. Calculated geometries show a dramatic change between anionic and neutral ammonia solvated Bi and Pb species. Anionic clusters exhibit van der Waals interactions between the hydrogen atoms of ammonia and the metal core, where it was determined that the negative charge is localized. Neutral clusters, on the other hand, present a covalent bond between the nitrogen atom of ammonia and the metal core. Calculated binding energies show an enhancement in the bonding of the (NH(3))(2) dimer in the presence of the anionic Bi(1,2)(-) and Pb(1,2)(-) metal ions. This is rationalized by the electrostatic interaction between the negative charged metal core and the hydrogen atoms of the ammonia molecule.
Comparative Foliar Water Uptake and Leaf Hydrophobicity among Eight Species of California Ferns

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In 2014, Southern California experienced the worst drought in the last 1,200 years. Recent tree ring analysis and climate models suggest that this event may be the front end of a “mega-drought” in the southwestern United Sates. Ferns might be particularly vulnerable. In a region where drought is severe, ecological surveys provide insight into the adaptations of organisms living on the edge of survival. In this study, the mechanisms of drought tolerance for eight species of ferns in the Santa Monica Mountains are assessed with a focus on foliar water uptake and resurrection strategies. We find that species are significantly different (P < 0.001) in their ability to absorb water through leaves and correlate this to minimum seasonal water potential and hydrophobicity of leaf surface. Secondly, we irrigate Pentagramma triangularis in the field and track chloroplast recovery. We find possible evidence of embolism reversal. Taken together, this study explores the methods of survival of the most ancient family of vascular plants.
Nucleation Rate in a Radiatively Induced First-Order Phase Transition

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We apply the modern effective field theory framework to study the nucleation rate in high-temperature first-order phase transitions. With this framework, an effective description for the critical bubble can be constructed, and the exponentially large contributions to the nucleation rate can then be computed from the effective description. The results can be used to make more accurate predictions relating to cosmological first-order phase transitions, for example, the gravitational wave spectrum from a transition, which is important for the planned experiment LISA. \n\t \n\tWe start by reviewing a nucleation rate calculation for a classical scalar field to understand, how the critical bubble arises, via a saddle-point approximation, as the central object of the nucleation rate calculation. We then focus on the statistical part of the nucleation rate coming from the Boltzmann suppression of nucleating bubbles. This is done by the creation of an effective field theory from a thermal field theory that can describe the critical bubble. We give an example calculation with the renormalizable model of two $\\mathbb{Z}_2$-symmetric scalar fields. The critical bubbles of the model and their Boltzmann suppression are studied numerically, for which we further develop a recently proposed method.
Retrospective and prospective assessments of gambling-related behaviors across the female menstrual cycle

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Background and aims Despite increases in female gambling, little research investigates female-specific factors affecting gambling behavior (GB). Although research suggests that some addictive behaviors may fluctuate across menstrual cycle phase (MCP), gambling requires further investigation. In two studies, we examined associations between MCP and three risky GBs: time spent gambling, money spent gambling, and the probability of consuming alcohol while gambling. Associations between MCP and negative affect were also examined in Study 2. We predicted that, consistent with self-medication theory, increases in negative affect (Study 2) and risky GBs (Studies 1 and 2) would occur premenstrually/menstrually relative to other phases. Methods Data were obtained from 33 female gamblers using a retrospective timeline followback procedure (Study 1) and from 20 female gamblers using a prospective 32-day, daily diary method (Study 2). In Study 2, salivary progesterone levels verified self-reported MCP validity. Results Findings revealed significant, but somewhat inconsistent, MCP effects on GBs across studies. The self-medication hypothesis was partially supported. Increases relative to another MCP(s) were found for alcohol consumption while gambling premenstrually, time spent gambling menstrually/premenstrually, money spent gambling menstrually, and negative affect premenstrually. Unexpectedly, findings more consistently indicated that GBs increased during ovulation, suggestive of enhanced reward sensitivity. Progesterone assays validated self-reported MCP (Study 2). Discussion and conclusions The results suggest a role of ovarian hormones on negative affect and GBs in females. This research could lead to the identification of female-specific factors affecting gambling and the development of more effective interventions for females with, or at risk for, problematic gambling.
Arthritis autoantibodies in individuals without rheumatoid arthritis: follow-up data from a Dutch population-based cohort (Lifelines)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Objectives To assess whether the presence of arthritis autoantibodies alongside IgG ACPA predicts clinically suspect arthralgia in ACPA-positive subjects without RA. Methods In the population-based Lifelines cohort (n = 40 136), 308 IgG ACPA-positive individuals without RA were present. Serum levels of IgA ACPA, IgA and IgM RF, and IgG anti-carbamylated antibodies were measured at baseline. Individuals were divided based on the Connective tissue disease Screening Questionnaire after 2 years follow-up. Antibodies to Porphyromonas gingivalis were determined at baseline and related to presence of periodontitis and joint complaints at 2 years follow-up. Results Of 308 subjects 53.6% were also seropositive for IgA ACPA, 42.2% for IgM RF, 23.7% for IgA RF and 13.6% for anti-carbamylated antibodies. We defined 75 persons with clinically suspect arthralgia at risk for RA based on CTD Screening Questionnaire at follow-up. Significantly more seropositivity for IgM RF and higher levels of IgG ACPA, IgA ACPA and IgM RF were found in clinically suspect arthralgia compared with no-clinically suspect arthralgia. In multivariate logistic regression correcting for age, gender and never smoking, positivity for three or more extra autoantibodies was significantly associated with clinically suspect arthralgia. Although levels of anti-P. gingivalis were not different between groups, they were significantly correlated to levels of both RFs, and both ACPAs in clinically suspect arthralgia. Conclusions ACPA-positive individuals without RA who develop clinically suspect arthralgia have more and higher levels of other arthritis autoantibodies at baseline. Levels of anti-P. gingivalis are not related to self-reported periodontitis or clinically suspect arthralgia, but are correlated to arthritis autoantibodies in clinically suspect arthralgia.
Fewer special advisers run for parliament than is generally thought, but those that do are quick to climb the ladder

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Special Advisers becoming Members of Parliament is a phenomenon seen as symptomatic of a wider ‘professionalisation’ of British politics. Looking at the career progress of those Special Advisers who served between 1979 and 2010, Max Goplerud shows that they do not all seek a berth in Parliament, though those that do tend to experience rapid career progression.
Field-Resolved Infrared Spectroscopy of Human Blood to Tackle Lung, Prostate and Breast Cancer Detection

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Broadband mid-infrared spectroscopy of biofluids carries great potential for biological and biomedical applications, as it provides fast, reliable and label-free access to the molecular composition of the sample [1]. When applied to human blood serum, a range of molecular contents can be quantified [2] and specific changes in the absorption spectra, driven by diseases (e.g. cancer) can be identified and used for diagnostic purposes [3]. One remaining challenge is the complexity of human serum: physiological phenotypes are driven by minor changes in concentration of thousands of different molecules. At the same time, although many low-abundance molecules are very informative for disease detection, these are often not detectable with conventional Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and quantum-cascade laser (QCL) based approaches due to a lack of sensitivity and specificity.
NON-EQUILIBRIUM DISTRIBUTIONS OF MOLECULAR VIBRATIONAL STATES

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation M. W. Muller, A. Sher, R. Solomon, D. G. Dow; NON‐EQUILIBRIUM DISTRIBUTIONS OF MOLECULAR VIBRATIONAL STATES. Appl. Phys. Lett. 15 February 1963; 2 (4): 86–88. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1753787 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioApplied Physics Letters Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
KARAKTER MANUSIA DALAM PERSPEKTIF FILSAFAT PENDIDIKAN ISLAM

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Understanding human character in Islam plays an important role in supporting the success of Islamic education. This education is realized through a deep understanding of the concept of learners, the duties of educators, the formulation of objectives, and a curriculum that is in accordance with Islamic values. In addition, the use of appropriate learning methods at each stage of student development, both physically and spiritually, as well as the implementation of evaluations that are oriented towards the development of human potential are also important aspects. All of these efforts aim to always remind humans that Allah is the ultimate goal of life. This study aims to examine human character from the perspective of Islamic educational philosophy. With a library research approach, this study analyzes various thoughts of Muslim philosophers, both classical and contemporary, regarding human character. The results of the study show that in Islam, human character has complex dimensions, including physical, spiritual, social, and intellectual aspects. Human character is not only seen as an individual entity, but also as a social being who is responsible for the environment and society. The implication of this study is the importance of Islamic education in developing all human potential as a caliph (leader) on earth. Islamic education does not only aim to create knowledgeable individuals, but also to shape human character that is able to carry out its role and responsibilities in the world, in accordance with divine values ​​that will bring them back to Allah as the ultimate goal.
Iron-Based Nanoparticles for Toxic Organic Degradation: Silica Platform and Green Synthesis

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Iron and iron oxide nanoparticles (NPs) are finding wide applications for the remediation of various toxic chloro-organic compounds (such as trichloroethylene, TCE), via reductive and oxidative processes. In this study, Fe NPs (30-50 nm) are synthesized by reduction from ferric ions immobilized (by ion exchange) on a platform (two types of sulfonated silica particles), in order to prevent the NP agglomeration. Next, the Fe NPs are oxidized and their effectiveness for the oxidative dechlorination of TCE via the heterogeneous decomposition of hydrogen peroxide to OH• on the surface of the iron oxide NPs was demonstrated. For the reductive approach, the use of ascorbic acid as a "green" reducing agent in conjunction with a secondary metal (Pd) inhibits NP oxidation and agglomeration through surface adsorbed species. The Fe/Pd NPs have been successfully applied for the dechlorination of TCE (k(SA), surface-area normalized reaction rate, = 8.1 ×10(-4) L/m(2)h).