jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Laparoscopic surgery for giant retroperitoneal lymphangioma: a case report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract This case report describes a 66-year-old male diagnosed with a giant retroperitoneal lymphangioma, presenting with an abdominal mass confirmed via magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Laparoscopic surgery was successfully performed to excise the mass, with histopathological examination confirming the diagnosis. The patient’s postoperative recovery was uneventful, with no signs of recurrence or metastasis observed at the three-month follow-up. This case underscores the feasibility and advantages of utilizing laparoscopic techniques in the management of large retroperitoneal lymphangiomas.
Localized Method of Fundamental Solutions for Two-Dimensional Inhomogeneous Inverse Cauchy Problems

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Due to the fundamental solutions are employed as basis functions, the localized method of fundamental solution can obtain more accurate numerical results than other localized methods in the homogeneous problems. Since the inverse Cauchy problem is ill posed, a small disturbance will lead to great errors in the numerical simulations. More accurate numerical methods are needed in the inverse Cauchy problem. In this work, the LMFS is firstly proposed to analyze the inhomogeneous inverse Cauchy problem. The recursive composite multiple reciprocity method (RC-MRM) is adopted to change original inhomogeneous problem into a higher-order homogeneous problem. Then, the high-order homogeneous problem can be solved directly by the LMFS. Several numerical experiments are carried out to demonstrate the efficiency of the LMFS for the inhomogeneous inverse Cauchy problems.
Secretion of the Pancreatic Juice in the Eck Fistula Dogs

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The Eck fistula was prepared in two dogs, with the permanent pancreatic fistula. In the majority of cases the Eck fistula formation induced an exaggeration in the pancreatic secretion, but its degree was far inferior to that of the gastric secretion. And the exaggeration was not always observable.
FEEDBACK BLIND PHASE SYNCHRONIZATION FOR QAM SIGNALS BASED ON CIRCULAR HARMONIC DECOMPOSITION

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

An algorithm is presented for feedback blind phase synchronization for signals with quadrature amplitude modulation. The algorithm is based on a circular harmonic expansion (CHE) of log-likelihood function (LLF). Retaining one or two most significant terms in this series gives a harmonic or biharmonic circular decomposition of the LLF. Earlier this approach was presented by authors for feedforward blind phase and frequency estimation. In this paper we present application of CHE of LLF to feedback synchronization. The main point is employing the derivative of LLF approximation by CHE as an error signal for phase recovery loop. Optimization of weighting functions is also presented. Simulation results show that optimal biharmonic method has performance close to decision-directed algorithm and approaches modified Cramer-Rao bound. Advantages of the algorithm are wide acquisition range and no necessity of hard decisions that may be absent in soft-output detectors. Index Terms — Blind estimation, non-data-aided
Legal Formation of the New Relationship Among the Rights on the Rural Land

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The relationship among the rights on the rural land is critical to the fostering of the village community, he steady development of the agriculture and interests of the peasantry. With the development of market economy, it is necessary to cultivate the reform of the rural land system. The existing system, however, has a long way to adapt to new developments on the rural land. The thesis observes new thoughts on the rural land and will help to enhance our understanding of the rural land.
Optimization of a diffuser/ejector for ultra low-head hydroelectric systems. Final report

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

An investigation of head augmentation for ultra low-head hydroelectric systems by use of an ejector in the diffuser, or draft tube, is described. A detailed analytical and experimental study of flow in the ejector, which consisted of a conical diffuser with a peripheral wall jet, was conducted. Based on these results, an overall system analysis was developed and compared with experimental results from a small, axial-flow turbine. Finally, a brief economic analysis was made to determine the advantage, if any, of the ejector system. It was determined that an appreciable increase in head could be achieved and predicted by the analysis. Under certain circumstances where excess flow is available, the increase in head would result in a significant decrease in turbine size and cost for a fixed power. However, for a limited flow rate, the increase in head would be offset by a decrease in output power, and there would be no economic advantage.
Mental Illness

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This chapter analyzes the ways that films showcase personality disorders and the common psychiatric disorders. Screenwriters have long been interested in the portrayal of psychiatrists and personality disorders. The explanation is obvious: abnormal, irrational behavior provides a rich, endless source of material. and. Many filmmakers explore the impact of psychiatric disorders on relatives. However, the stigmatization of mental illness and its association with murder and mayhem have not been minimized by cinema in its short history. Cinematic depictions of psychiatric disorders are short on theme development and direct disproportionate attention to the (extremely rare) split-personality disorders, hyper-sexuality, and “psychopathic killers.” Nevertheless there are a number of noteworthy works both in fiction and documentary form. Huston’s film on PTSD remains an important contribution and provides a glimpse of what could affect soldiers in battle. Fiction film has been enamored with psychoanalysis.
An Assistive System for Upper Limb Motion Combining Functional Electrical Stimulation and Robotic Exoskeleton

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The number of patients with motor dysfunction has increased rapidly over the past decade, in part due to the overall aging of society and the prevalence of neuromuscular disorders. To assist the upper limb in activities of daily livings, we have developed a wearable, portable and hybrid system with multi-degrees of freedom (DOFs). This novel hybrid system combined functional electrical stimulation (FES) with exoskeletons. A two-DOF shoulder exoskeleton, a wearable sleeve with FES electrodes, and a five-DOF hand robotic exoskeleton worked together to facilitate assistance in all of the upper limb joints: shoulder, elbow, wrist, and fingers. A `divide and rule' strategy was adopted to utilize the relative merits of FES and exoskeletons according to different motion characteristics of upper limb joints. A finite state machine was developed as a high-level controller that issued commands to the real-time embedded controllers. Some functional movements of upper limb could be realised by a sequence of basic movements using the proposed system. The assistance performance of the exoskeleton was evaluated by electromyographic (EMG) signals, and the feasibility of this system was successfully verified by a drinking task.
Discovery of Compounds Blocking the Proliferation of Toxoplasma gondii and Plasmodium falciparum in a Chemical Space Based on Piperidinyl-Benzimidazolone Analogs

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT A piperidinyl-benzimidazolone scaffold has been found in the structure of different inhibitors of membrane glycerolipid metabolism, acting on enzymes manipulating diacylglycerol and phosphatidic acid. Screening a focus library of piperidinyl-benzimidazolone analogs might therefore identify compounds acting against infectious parasites. We first evaluated the in vitro effects of ( S )-2-(dibenzylamino)-3-phenylpropyl 4-(1,2-dihydro-2-oxobenzo[d]imidazol-3-yl)piperidine-1-carboxylate (compound 1) on Toxoplasma gondii and Plasmodium falciparum . In T. gondii , motility and apical complex integrity appeared to be unaffected, whereas cell division was inhibited at compound 1 concentrations in the micromolar range. In P. falciparum , the proliferation of erythrocytic stages was inhibited, without any delayed death phenotype. We then explored a library of 250 analogs in two steps. We selected 114 compounds with a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC 50 ) cutoff of 2 μM for at least one species and determined in vitro selectivity indexes (SI) based on toxicity against K-562 human cells. We identified compounds with high gains in the IC 50 (in the 100 nM range) and SI (up to 1,000 to 2,000) values. Isobole analyses of two of the most active compounds against P. falciparum indicated that their interactions with artemisinin were additive. Here, we propose the use of structure-activity relationship (SAR) models, which will be useful for designing probes to identify the target compound(s) and optimizations for monotherapy or combined-therapy strategies.
Probable observation of short-range-order effects in the specific heat of AgAu below 30 K

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

By quenching an equiatomic AgAu alloy from 400\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C and from 1000\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C reproducible differences in specific heat have been obtained. The form of the difference is similar to that found between disordered and long-range ordered CuAu, but much smaller. The maximum difference (\ensuremath{\sim}0.8%) is seen at about 3 K. Other heat treatments produce intermediate results. It is postulated that the differences correspond to short-range ordering.
#3971 INJURY INDUCED RENAL FIBROSIS PROMOTES CYSTOGENESIS AND CYST GROWTH IN ADULT MICE WITH AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT POLYCYSTIC KIDNEY DISEASE

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background and Aims Acute kidney injury (AKI) is not a merely transient event, which can lead to a subsequent progression to chronic kidney disease (CKD). Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most frequent inherited kidney disease caused by mutations in PKD1 or PKD2 gene. Previous studies showed that acute kidney injuries promote cystogenesis in adult mice with ADPKD. Fibrosis is a hallmark of AKI to CKD (AKI-CKD) transition, and positively correlated with renal cyst growth in humans. All these data imply a role of AKI-CKD transition in ADPKD.In this study, we aimed to determine the role of AKI-CKD transition in the ADPKD. Method We established AKI-CKD transition model by toxic or surgical injuries, and Pkd gene inactivation in adult mice was performed in different time point of AKI-CKD transition. The progression of renal fibrosis was shown by Western blotting analysis in toxic or surgical injury induced AKI-CKD transition model. Results We showed that renal injury before or after Pkd gene inactivation can both induce renal cyst formation in adult Pkd1 or Pkd2 mice, and the extent of cyst formation was correlated with the initial fibrosis level of three hits (injury and gene inactivation). Inactivation of Pkd1 gene at fibrosis recovery stage in surgery induced less cyst formation in adult Pkd1 mice. Enhanced renal fibrosis by repeated toxic injuries before gene inactivation accelerated renal cyst growth in Pkd1 mice. We further showed that the speed of cyst growth at the early stage in adult Pkd1 mice was decided by the baseline of renal fibrosis. Finally, we showed that conditional knockout of Ezh2 gene attenuated renal fibrosis and cyst growth in adult Pkd1 mice with established renal fibrosis. Conclusion Fibrotic responses in AKI-CKD transition is a driving force for renal cyst formation and growth in adult kidneys and inhibition of renal fibrosis through targeting EZH2 might be new therapeutic strategy for adult ADPKD.
High resolution locomotor time series in Japanese quail in a home-cage environment over a 6.5 day period (quail #1-group 1)

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Each data point represents a 0.5s time interval (xi) in which the quail could either been ambulating (xi=1) or immobile (xi=0), over a 6.5 day period .The total number of data points is approximately 1.070.000. This time series has both a fractal pattern, as well as ultradian and circadian rhythms. This is the data from quail number 1, of the first experimental group. In this experiment in a whole, the locomotor activity of 24 adult females quail (100-140 days old) was evaluated in a home-cage environment in a white wooden box measuring 40 x 40 x 40 cm (width x length x height, respectively) with a wire mesh floor. A metal bar wall divided the box in two same-size zones (feeding, nesting), and an opening served as a door allowing the bird to move freely between compartments. A video camera that automatically switched to infrared recording after lights were turned off was suspended 1.5m above the box. It was connected to a computer in an adjacent room and could be accessed remotely by experimenters. Testing began at approximately 1:00 PM, when 12 quail were placed in a box, and transported to a nearby experimental room. Each bird was then placed individually in the feeding zone of one of the boxes. During the following 6.5 days, the birds’ locomotor activity was continuously recorded. Testing ended at 9 PM the 7th day. Daily maintenance activities (egg collection, cleaning and feeding) were performed between 12 and 12:30 PM; the activity during this period was not included in time series, which in total implied a loss of 2% from the data set. Since only 12 birds could be tested simultaneously, two consecutive groups of 12 individuals were evaluated (group 1 and group 2). We used the commercially available ANY-MAZE@ computer program to register locomotion at 0.5 s intervals (xi). The locomotor time series (1.07e6 time intervals) of each bird was obtained by assigning a number one (xi = 1) if during the interval the bird was ambulating, or a zero (xi = 0) if immobile.
Effects of task complexity and English proficiency on EFL learners’ task production in SCMC (Synchronous Computer-Mediated Communication).

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This study investigates the effects of the cognitive complexity of tasks and pair proficiency on task production in Synchronous Computer Mediated Communication. In particular, this study explores whether task complexity and EFL learners’ proficiency have an effect on the accuracy, the fluency, and the use of strategy of task production in SCMC. 90 Korean high school EFL learners collaboratively completed the cognitively simple and complex tasks, using a browser-based chat program. Based on learners’ English proficiency, each dyad was composed of three different sets: High-High pair, High-Low pair, and Low-Low pair. The data were analyzed by a 2 X 4 analysis of variance (ANOVA). Error-free C-units, words per C-unit were served as dependent variables. Results show that the cognitive complexity of a direction-giving map task significantly affects task production. Pair composition also significantly affects the number of error-free C-units, words per C-unit and the use of strategy. This study confirms a previously reported increase in quantity of strategy used by students of the pairs with different English proficiency levels, compared to other pairs with similar English proficiency levels. The findings offer pedagogical implications for designing task-based synchronous interaction to facilitate Korean EFL learners’ accuracy, fluency and the use of strategy.
Elevated-Temperature Thermal Conductivity for PEEK-Matrix Composite with Carbon Fibers, Graphite Flakes and PTFE

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

An investigation on elevated-temperature thermal conductivity of PEEK-matrix composite containing PTFE particles, short carbon fibers and graphite flakes has been conducted. In the experimental phase of the study X-ray diffraction (XDR) is used to determine the morphology of neat PTFE and PEEK, PTFE/PEEK blend and the PTFE and PEEK phases in the CF/Gr/PTFE/PEEK composite. Optical and scanning electron microscopy work is performed to analyze the composite microstructure. The geometry, size, dispersion, and interfacial bonding of the fillers are assessed. The effective thermal conductivities of the composite and the neat polymers are determined by a modulated differential scanning calorimetry (MDSC) method with temperature ranging from -10 to 215°C. The results show that thermal conductivity of the composite with an increasing amount of graphite is affected by temperature and polymer transitions. In the theoretical phase of the study thermodynamic considerations are addressed with theoretical modeling. Different micromechanics models are used to determine the effective thermal conductivity of the composite. The thermal percolation results are compared well with experimental data. The results also indicate that thermal conductivity of the CF/Gr/PTFE/PEEK composite is affected by temperature and the volume fraction of graphite with a threshold 10% (by volume) where percolation occurs due to increasingly enhancing efficiency of thermal transport.
Chill Induction of the SigB-Dependent General Stress Response inBacillus subtilisand Its Contribution to Low-Temperature Adaptation

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT A variety of environmental and metabolic cues trigger the transient activation of the alternative transcription factor SigB of Bacillus subtilis , which subsequently leads to the induction of more than 150 general stress genes. This general stress regulon provides nongrowing and nonsporulated cells with a multiple, nonspecific, and preemptive stress resistance. By a proteome approach we have detected the expression of the SigB regulon during continuous growth at low temperature (15°C). Using a combination of Western blot analysis and SigB-dependent reporter gene fusions, we provide evidence for high-level and persistent induction of the sigB operon and the SigB regulon, respectively, in cells continuously exposed to low temperatures. In contrast to all SigB-activating stimuli described thus far, induction by low temperatures does not depend on the positive regulatory protein RsbV or its regulatory phosphatases RsbU and RsbP, indicating the presence of an entirely new pathway for the activation of SigB by chill stress in B. subtilis . The physiological importance of the induction of the general stress response for the adaptation of B. subtilis to low temperatures is emphasized by the observation that growth of a sigB mutant is drastically impaired at 15°C. Inclusion of the compatible solute glycine betaine in the growth medium not only improved the growth of the wild-type strain but rescued the growth defect of the sigB mutant, indicating that the induction of the general stress regulon and the accumulation of glycine betaine are independent means by which B. subtilis cells cope with chill stress.
The Mechanics of Mass Incarceration

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The way that prisons fill can be depicted with an analogy. Imagine a road that leads to prison, the “prison road.” The police divert people who are traveling on other roads onto the prison road. Between this police-controlled entry ramp and prison are a variety of off-ramps. The first off-ramp is controlled by prosecutors who can decline to prosecute, diverting people off the prison road. Another off-ramp is operated by grand juries who can decline to indict or trial juries who can vote to acquit. A large off-ramp is operated by judges who can dismiss cases or impose noncustodial sentences. On the other side of prison are additional ramps operated by parole boards, who can shrink the prison population by ordering early release (or expand it via parole revocations), and governors who can do the same through clemency. This whole enterprise – the road, the prison, and the on- and off-ramps – is designed and funded by legislators.
A Design-Based Perspective on Synthetic Control Methods

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Since their introduction in Abadie and Gardeazabal (2003), Synthetic Control (SC) methods have quickly become one of the leading methods for estimating causal effects in observational studies in settings with panel data. Formal discussions often motivate SC methods by the assumption that the potential outcomes were generated by a factor model. Here we study SC methods from a design-based perspective, assuming a model for the selection of the treated unit(s) and period(s). We show that the standard SC estimator is generally biased under random assignment. We propose a Modified Unbiased Synthetic Control (MUSC) estimator that guarantees unbiasedness under random assignment and derive its exact, randomization-based, finite-sample variance. We also propose an unbiased estimator for this variance. We document in settings with real data that under random assignment, SC-type estimators can have root mean-squared errors that are substantially lower than that of other common estimators. We show that such an improvement is weakly guaranteed if the treated period is similar to the other periods, for example, if the treated period was randomly selected. While our results only directly apply in settings where treatment is assigned randomly, we believe that they can complement model-based approaches even for observational studies.
Delayed fellow eye involvement in patients with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Vogt–Koyanagi–Harada (VKH) disease is a multisystem autoimmune disorder directed against melanocyte-associated antigens in the skin, inner ear, meninges and uveal tract. Ocular VKH disease typically presents as an acute, bilateral, granulomatous panuveitis associated with optic disc hyperaemia, exudative retinal detachment and multiple pinpoint leaks on fluorescein angiography. We describe here three patients with VKH disease who experienced a delay between first and second eye involvement of 6 years, 2 years and 11 months, respectively.

A 45-year-old healthy Asian Indian man with a 6-year history of recurrent, unilateral, panuveitis affecting his left eye presented with decreased vision in his previously unaffected right eye. A review of systems revealed a history of recent neck pain and headache. Best-corrected vision was 20/50-2 on the right and 20/25 on the left. Intraocular pressure was 14 mm Hg bilaterally. Anterior segment examination revealed rare cells in the anterior chamber and anterior vitreous of each …