jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Endoscopic Radiofrequency Energy Delivery to the Lower Esophageal Sphincter for Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis: ACG Fellow Award

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: RF ablation for GERD known as Stretta has appeared back on the market and was recommended by SAGES as an alternative treatment for GERD. Results related to efficacy assessed in randomized controlled trials have been conflicting and findings from previous systematic reviews were compromised due to serious deficiencies in conduct and reporting. We performed a systematic review to evaluate the totality of the evidence on the efficacy of Stretta for the management of GERD.Figure 1Methods: Primary outcomes were physiologic parameters of GERD: normalization of esophageal pH and augmentation of LESP. Secondary outcomes were:reduction in PPI and HRQOL. We searched MEDLINE and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) from inception until 2/28/2014 and other databases. Data were pooled under a random effects model. The systematic review was performed as per standards of Cochrane collaboration. Results: Thirty-one studies were reviewed. Those excluded: non-randomized case series (14), duplicate studies (6), survey (1), and special population (5). Four trials enrolling a total of 168 patients were included. Three trials compared Stretta vs sham, whereas one trial compared Stretta to PPI. Overall quality of evidence was very low. Pooled results showed no difference between Stretta compared to sham or management with PPI for GERD for all outcomes (Table 1). Overall methodological quality of included studies was very low and prone to high risk of bias. Only 1 of 4 studies provided details on allocation concealment and 3 of 4 studies had reporting of outcomes data. All included studies were prone to outcome reporting bias as none reported how many patients had complete alleviation of symptoms, pH or LES. Conclusion: The totality of results from RCTs shows that RF ablation with Stretta is not associated with significant changes in physiological parameters, reduction in PPI or HRQOL compared to sham. Future studies are needed to provide a better understanding of the physiological mechanisms of Stretta and large good quality RCT to provide conclusive evidence. Until further good quality evidence is available, it not advisable for Medicare and commercial third party payers to reimburse for this endoscopic treatment for GERD.
Distribution and breeding sites of potential dengue vectors in Kandy and Nuwara Eliya districts of Sri Lanka

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The Ceylon Journal of Medical Science (CJMS) since its re-launch in 2016 is the official journal of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo. The focus of the CJMS is to provide a platform to those involved in diverse fields of medical science to publish high quality research. This will facilitate promotion of evidence based medicine and thereby improve health care. This platform is open to doctors, researchers, scientists in medical sciences and medical education and students in both medical and allied health sciences. The CJMS is an open access, peer-reviewed journal.
Strategi Pembelajaran Diferensiasi Mengatasi Kesulitan Belajar Peserta Didik

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Learning strategies are approaches or methods used to teach and help students understand subject matter more effectively. Learning is the main key in Education, of course the use of the right strategy will have a positive impact on the development of learning and understanding of students.success in Education is certainly the main concern of all of us, In this study will discuss the differentiation learning strategy where this differentiation learning strategy is a learning model where educators provide an approach that allows overcoming learning difficulties faced by students.
Hardware-Software Co-design for Reliable and Efficient Heterogeneous Systems

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Transistor scaling has been slowing down in the past decade, while the demand for computing continue rising up, especially the exponential growth recently driven by machine learning. As a result, system builders are increasingly turning to heterogeneous systems to accommodate the ever-growing demand. The design philosophy of Heterogeneous systems is to trade general purpose for better performance or energy efficiency, etc., which often results in integrating specialized and non-uniform hardware for different use cases. Such trend has been observed across the stack of computing infrastructure, from computing units to storage and networking devices, even heterogeneity within a single chip. As specialized hardware emerges, it is important to rethink system design and expand existing system support to new heterogeneous setups. This dissertation presents my efforts to improve the reliability and efficiency of heterogeneous systems by applying hardware-software co-design to answer the following two questions: 1) How to best utilize new specialized hardware to improve solutions to an existing problem. 2) How to adapt existing systems support to new heterogeneous setups. In particular, this dissertation will first introduce ER, which utilizes specialized on-CPU tracing hardware to improve failure reproduction, a classical problem at the heart of software reliability. ER combines on-CPU tracing acceleator with symbolic execution to address the path explosion and constraint complexity challenges, while still accurately reproducing the failure with low overhead. The second part will introduce Vidi, which generalizes the record/replay system support to CPU/FPGA systems and improves hardware program reliability. Vidi utilizes widely-adopted communication protocols in hardware programming to hide cycle-specific details from developers while still enforcing the happens-before relationship and preserving communication semantics. Finally, this dissertation will discuss my contribution to a hypervisor project , Optimus, which targets a special type of cache-coherent shared-memory CPU-FPGA heterogeneous systems. It supports both spatial multiplexing (VMs simultaneously sharing different partitions of the FPGA) and temporal multiplexing (VMs time-sharing the same part of the FPGA), in order to improve the hardware utilization and efficiency in a cloud environment.
From Pathways to Portals: Getting to the Root of a Public Housing Community

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The Chicago Housing Authority is currently in the late stages of a controversial ten-year urban renewal initiative that will see the city’s public housing projects replaced with mixed-income accommodations. Ordered to pack up and leave not only their homes but also lifelong friends and support networks, many project residents have, quite literally, had their roots yanked from beneath their feet. In this essay I employ the iconographic uses of natural imagery present in Kerry James Marshall’s Garden Project paintings (1993-1994) and Daniel Roth’s installation Cabrini Green Forest (2004) to, first, explore the “rooted” attachment of public housing dwellers to their living environment and, second, to consider the desire of many residents to safeguard community landmarks against the threat of demolition.
Sulfate Is Both a Substrate and an Activator of the Voltage-Dependent Anion Channel of Arabidopsis Hypocotyl Cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract On the basis of the anion content of in vitro-cultured Arabidopsis plantlets, we explored the selectivity of the voltage-dependent anion channel of the plasma membrane of hypocotyl cells. In the whole-cell configuration, substitution of cytosolic Cl− by different anions led to the following sequence of relative permeabilities: NO3 − (2.6) ≥ SO4 2− (2.0) &gt; Cl−(1.0) &gt; HCO3 − (0.8) ≫ malate2− (0.03). Large whole-cell currents were measured for NO3 − and SO4 2−, about five to six times higher than the equivalent Cl−currents. Since SO4 2− is usually considered to be a weakly permeant or non-permeant ion, the components of the large whole-cell current were explored in more detail. Aside from its permeation through the channel with a unitary conductance, about two-thirds that of Cl−, SO4 2− had a regulatory effect on channel activity by preventing the run-down of the anion current both in the whole-cell and the outside-out configuration, increasing markedly the whole-cell current. The fact that the voltage-dependent plasma membrane anion channel of hypocotyl cells can mediate large NO3 − and SO4 2− currents and is regulated by nucleotides favors the idea that this anion channel can contribute to the cellular homeostasis of important metabolized anions.
Towards high-level synthesis of neural models on FPGAs

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Recent trends in studying the brain activity have attracted interest in the simulation of neurons to understand the brain functionality. However, these simulations are computationally intensive and time consuming, which limits this study. High-performance FPGA-based platforms are being utilized to accelerate these simulations. However, the transformation of sequential code to a data flow graph, the scheduling of operations for an efficient use of resources, the generation of hardware description code, the simulation and synthesis are tedious and time consuming tasks. Furthermore, the design space is huge and various scheduling algorithms need to be evaluated based upon variants of area-delay cost metrics to make decisions. An open source tool has been developed at TUDelft to automate this process, which considerably reduces the implementation time. This tool allows us to schedule, plot, explore the design space and generate VHDL code. We have utilized this tool in order to implement in hardware, a detailed neural network model of the inferior olive module in the brain. In order to support the model's mathematical requirements, we have extended the tool with three more operations and added the support for floating-point arithmetic. Based on various cost metrics, two Pareto points were chosen for synthesis. The neural network model was synthesized at the granularity level of 1, 2 and 4 neurons. Performance analysis of the synthesis results shows that, in the best case, we were able to achieve a speedup of 80% over real-time execution for 500 neurons. We have also showed that using smaller neuron cells results in higher speedup and better area utilization.
The literature of diagnosis and therapy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This analysis is based on journal papers published in the period 1975–2013 with title words referring to diagnosis or therapy. The literature of both topics is growing dynamically and in an ever accelerating pace. At the same time, the two topics appear to get more and more separated – except for a part of the German-language literature. The share of therapy-oriented literature is increasing and its citation rate is higher, although 9 of the 10 most cited papers are from the topic of diagnostics. The Hungarian literature (papers having at least one Hungarian authors) appeared to be proportional and balanced. Orv. Hetil., 2014, 155(39), 1563–1565.
Modern approaches to determining the goals of the norms of administrative law

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The article examines modern approaches to determining the goals of the norms of administrative law. It was found that when institutions or sub-branches of administrative law, a separate norm of administrative law or its interaction with other norms of national law are analyzed, then in all these cases we are talking about a norm of law, which according to quantitative parameters has acquired a new “internal quality” and in relation therefore, it has changed its manifestation in the surrounding world, which, in turn, affects the goal-setting of the norms of administrative law: a) as the smallest element in the legal system; b) in synergy with other norms of the legal institution; c) in synergy with other industry standards; d) in synergy with other norms of national law. It was established that according to the target orientation of the norms of administrative law, they should be divided into five groups: 1) primary regulatory - aimed at regulating basic social relations (consolidating the rights and obligations of civil servants as participants in administrative legal relations); 2) regulatory and encouraging – aimed at maintaining law-abiding behavior in society and in a specific person (consolidation of nationwide incentive measures for education workers); 3) regulatory and protective - aimed at protecting basic legal relations from possible encroachments (consolidation of administrative offenses in the Code of Administrative Offenses); 4) regulatory-protective – aimed at protecting already violated basic legal relations (consideration of public-law disputes in the administrative court according to the requirements of the CAS of Ukraine); 5) regulatory-perspective – determine benchmarks that should be strived for, but which for various reasons remain unattainable here and now (for example, Ukraine’s integration into the European political, economic, security, and legal space). It is proposed to divide the goals of the norms of administrative law depending on the level of legal regulation (basic, sectoral, national goals and goals of legal institutes), depending on the expected results (functional and substantive goals), depending on the potential terms of their achievement (staged and non-staged purposes), depending on the scope of implementation and obtaining a useful effect (legal, non-legal and mixed purposes).
Hardened properties of self-compacting concrete

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents the properties of hardened self-compacting concrete (SCC) and compare them to those reported for normally vibrated concrete (NVC). The mechanical properties evaluated are: compressive strength, modulus of elasticity, tensile strength, creep, shrinkage and bond with reinforcement. The very wide range of materials and mixes already used for SCC produced a significant scatter of data, but clear conclusions have been obtained. The compressive strength of SCC was likely to be the same or greater than that of NVC by using the same content of cement and water. Modulus of elasticity of SCC was lower than that of NVC of the same compression strength. Hardened SCC tended to have a tensile strength the same or better than that of NVC. The magnitude of creep was shown to be the same as for vibrated concrete. Shrinkage of SCC was of magnitude entirely comparable with that of NVC. The bond of SCC to embedded reinforcing and prestressing steel tended to produce a slightly better performance than NVC. The conclusions provide full confidence in hardened SCC reaching the required engineering properties.
DETEKSI DINI KECURANGAN PADA PROGRAM KOPERASI MERAH PUTIH: ANALISIS KELEMBAGAAN DESA DAN IMPLEMENTASI MODEL SIPAK

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The Indonesian government plans to distribute IDR 550 trillion to villages nationwide through the Koperasi Merah Putih (Red and White Cooperative) program, raising serious concerns about institutional readiness and the potential for fraud. Cigalontang Subdistrict in Tasikmalaya Regency, which consists of 16 villages but has only three active cooperatives, exemplifies the limited cooperative infrastructure to manage public funds accountably. This study aims to explore internal control systems, fraud-triggering factors, and the effectiveness of early fraud detection mechanisms in the context of forming village cooperatives. Using a qualitative exploratory approach, data were collected through in-depth interviews, focus group discussions (FGDs), and document analysis. Findings reveal the absence of financial SOPs, transparent reporting, and internal auditing mechanisms in most village cooperatives. Factors such as economic pressure, poor financial literacy, and lack of reporting systems further increase the risk of fraud. As a solution, this study proposes the SIPAK Model (System, Integrity, Reporting, Accountability of Cooperatives) as a framework for developing a community-based early fraud detection system. This model is expected to serve as a policy reference and institutional strengthening strategy for more adaptive and transparent village cooperatives.
Lead in forested ecosystems

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLead in forested ecosystemsCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 1995, 29, 3, 108APublication Date (Print):March 1, 1995Publication History Published online6 June 2012Published inissue 1 March 1995https://doi.org/10.1021/es00003a722RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views9Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (977 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Educación para la paz: una perspectiva fenomenológica sobre las percepciones de estudiantes de Pedagogía en inglés

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Peace education emerged as a response to the harshness of World War I and subsequently continued to develop to provide a safe space for tolerance, empathy, and inclusion in cultures oppressed by violence. The purpose of this paper was to analyse the perceptions of English language teacher trainees at a private university on violence, conflict, and peace during the Covid-19 pandemic. The study was conducted using a qualitative phenomenological methodology with the participation of 54 university students. The main findings show that the students became more aware of their conflicts, the sources of violence in their environment and the importance of language in the representation of the reality they construct. They also perceived themselves as peacebuilders and visualised the importance of this role in their future teaching profession.
Contention-based congestion control in wireless ad hoc networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The performance of traditional TCP congestion control protocol degrades when congestion and contention increase in ad hoc networks that use the IEEE 802.11 DCF. Many of the problems result from medium contention at the media access control (MAC) layer. In this paper, we present a new contention-based congestion control (CBCC) method according to a novel congestion information from MAC layer. This proposal aims to avoid the congestion nodes and guarantee better performance in terms of delay, packet delivery ratio, and throughput. By monitoring the number of one node entry the backoff algorithm, our CBCC scheme can calculate the congestion metric called backoff state ratio, a more accurate metric to characterize the network congestion status. Node uses this indication to determine whether to drop a packet or not. Simulation results show that the algorithm can greatly increase the network throughput and effectively control the network congestion at the MAC layer.
Significant Male Preponderance in Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in India and Regional Variation: Tertiary Care Center Experience, Systematic Review, and Evaluation of Population-Based Data

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Although, a slight male preponderance has been reported in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) from several developed nations, several Indian studies suggest a skewed gender ratio in ALL. To assess the gender ratio at presentation in ALL in India, we used a three-prong approach: (i) center audit, (ii) systematic review of published studies on ALL in India, and (iii) assessment of population based registry data. Data on gender at presentation in ALL were extracted from these multiple sources. In our center audit, we observed a significantly higher of male:female (M:F) ratio of 3.16:1 (P = .046) in ALL as compared to world literature. In the systematic review of all ALL studies from India, 367 articles were identified and reviewed. A total of 4230 and 1843 boys and girls in these studies were assessed and the M:F ratio was 2.503:1; much higher than the world ratio but not significantly different (P = .10). Population-based data obtained from the National Cancer Registry Program also depicted a male preponderance, especially from large cities in India in a consistent manner since 1984. There is also significant (P = .025) interregional variation in the gender ratio in India. Our study clearly demonstrates a consistent male preponderance in childhood ALL in India along with significant interregional variations over the last three decades. There is a clear need of prospective nationwide multicenter assessment of high-resolution data to confirm this important observation and assess its implications, especially on the health care system.
Asymptotic and stability analysis of kinetic models for opinion formation on networks: an Allen-Cahn approach

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We present the analysis of the stationary equilibria and their stability in case of an opinion formation process in presence of binary opposite opinions evolving according to majority-like rules on social networks. The starting point is a kinetic Boltzmann-type model derived from microscopic interactions rules for the opinion exchange among individuals holding a certain degree of connectivity. The key idea is to derive from the kinetic model an Allen-Cahn type equation for the fraction of individuals holding one of the two opinions. The latter can be studied by means of a linear stability analysis and by exploiting integral operator analysis. While this is true for ternary interactions, for binary interactions the derived equation of interest is a linear scattering equation, that can be studied by means of General Relative Entropy tools and integral operators.
Bibliographic link prediction using contrast resampling technique

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

В работе рассматривается задача поиска в научной статье фрагментов с недостающими библиографическими ссылками с помощью автоматической бинарной классификации. Для обучения модели предложен метод контрастного семплирования, новшеством которого является рассмотрение контекста ссылки с учетом границ фрагмента, максимально влияющего на вероятность нахождения в нем библиографической ссылки. Обучающая выборка формировалась из автоматически размеченных семплов — фрагментов из трех предложений с метками классов «без ссылки» и «со ссылкой», удовлетворяющих требованию контрастности: семплы разных классов дистанцируются в исходном тексте. Пространство признаков строилось автоматически по статистике встречаемости термов и расширялось за счет конструирования дополнительных признаков — выделенных в тексте сущностей ФИО, чисел, цитат и аббревиатур.