jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Thesymptomatic andobjective effects ofnifedipine incombination withbeta- blocker therapy insevereangina pectoris

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Summary Ninepatients with severe coronary artery disease and disabling angina receiving either regular metoprolol oroxprenolol, together with glyceryl trinitrate tablets asrequired forchest pain, werestudied. Nifedipine 10 mgthree times perdaywascompared toplacebo ina double blind randomized control trial, using patient diary cards andexercise tests. Thenumber ofrecorded episodes ofangina during theplacebo period of15_0 ±(mean ±s.e.m.) per patient perweekwassignificantly reduced to 11-2+±25 during thenifedipine period (P 1mm)onexercise testing during the nifedipine period (66.2 ±42 sec) compared tothe control period (512 ±30sec) andplacebo periods (587 ±3.5 sec). Although nifedipine wasgenerally welltolerated, onepatient experienced asevere episode ofangina whilst taking thedrug, whichrequired admission to hospital.
Smart Agents: When Lower Search Costs for Quality Information Increase Price Sensitivity

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Recent consumer research suggests that lowering search costs for quality information reduces consumer price sensitivity by creating greater perceived differentiation among brands (e.g., Kaul and Wittink 1995; Lynch and Ariely 2000). We argue that lowering quality search costs by smart agents can have the opposite effect on differentiation and price sensitivity. Smart agents screen through a universe of alternatives, recommending only a handful well-matched to the customer's quality preferences. In this research, we ask and answer the following questions: In markets in which price and quality are uncorrelated, will the use of screening agents increase or decrease prices paid compared to searching from an unordered list of options? Will increasing the size of the store's underlying assortment increase or decrease prices paid when options have been screened on quality? In markets where higher priced goods have higher quality, will the use of screening agents increase or decrease prices paid and quality selected? Experiments 1 and 2 test the effect of quality screening when price and quality are uncorrelated. We then present an analytic model for markets in which price and quality are correlated. We deduce that ordering can cause price and quality to increase or decrease depending on the slope of the price-quality relationship in comparison with the relative importance of price in the utility function. We find support for this model in experiment 3. Copyright 2003 by the University of Chicago.
Prediction of the Effects of Inoculum Size on the Antimicrobial Action of Trovafloxacin and Ciprofloxacin against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli in an In Vitro Dynamic Model

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT The effect of inoculum size ( N 0 ) on antimicrobial action has not been extensively studied in in vitro dynamic models. To investigate this effect and its predictability, killing and regrowth kinetics of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli exposed to monoexponentially decreasing concentrations of trovafloxacin (as a single dose) and ciprofloxacin (two doses at a 12-h interval) were compared at N 0 = 10 6 and 10 9 CFU/ml ( S. aureus ) and at N 0 = 10 6 , 10 7 , and 10 9 CFU/ml ( E. coli ). A series of pharmacokinetic profiles of trovafloxacin and ciprofloxacin with respective half-lives of 9.2 and 4 h were simulated at different ratios of area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) to MIC (in [micrograms × hours/milliliter]/[micrograms/milliliter]): 58 to 466 with trovafloxacin and 116 to 932 with ciprofloxacin for S. aureus and 58 to 233 and 116 to 466 for E. coli , respectively. Although the effect of N 0 was more pronounced for E. coli than for S. aureus , only a minor increase in minimum numbers of surviving bacteria and an almost negligible delay in their regrowth were associated with an increase of the N 0 for both organisms. The N 0 -induced reductions of the intensity of the antimicrobial effect ( I E , area between control growth and the killing-regrowth curves) were also relatively small. However, the N 0 effect could not be eliminated either by simple shifting of the time-kill curves obtained at higher N 0 s by the difference between the higher and lowest N 0 or by operating with I E s determined within the N 0 -adopted upper limits of bacterial numbers ( I E ′s). By using multivariate correlation and regression analyses, linear relationships between I E and log AUC/MIC and log N 0 related to the respective mean values [(log AUC/MIC) average and (log N 0 ) average ] were established for both trovafloxacin and ciprofloxacin against each of the strains ( r 2 = 0.97 to 0.99). The antimicrobial effect may be accurately predicted at a given AUC/MIC of trovafloxacin or ciprofloxacin and at a given N 0 based on the relationship I E = a + b [(log AUC/MIC)/(log AUC/MIC) average ] − c [(log N 0 )/(log N 0 ) average ]. Moreover, the relative impacts of AUC/MIC and N 0 on I E may be evaluated. Since the c/b ratios for trovafloxacin and ciprofloxacin against E. coli were much lower (0.3 to 0.4) than that for ampicillin-sulbactam as examined previously (1.9), the inoculum effect with the quinolones may be much less pronounced than with the β-lactams. The described approach to the analysis of the inoculum effect in in vitro dynamic models might be useful in studies with other antibiotic classes.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions of Quaternary Ammonium Salts Containing Polyfluoroalkyl. Part 2. Thermal Ring Opening Reactions of 1‐(Polyfluoroalkyl)‐4‐aza‐1‐ azoniabicyclo(2.2.2)octane Salts.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The 1‐fluoroalkyl diazobicyclooctane ammonium salts (I) are thermally cleaved, yielding the piperazine derivatives (II) and (III) depending on the temperature.
The influence of the impact of biotechnological radioprotective drugs on the antitumor effect of experimental radiation therapy

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Exposure to ionizing radiation during antitumor radiotherapy can cause undesirable side effects. This is damage to healthy tissues and organs. The use of radioprotective drugs can provide protection for normal cells, but there are risks of their negative impact on the antitumor effect of radiotherapy. The aim of the work is to study the possibility of using promising biotechnological radioprotective drugs to reduce the side effects of antitumor radiotherapy. Material and methods . The study was performed on model of Ehrlich’s carcinoma in BALB/c mice with experimental radiation treatment (4 Gy X-ray). Biotechnological products, developed by Russian specialists, were administered to mice before irradiation on the 12th day after the tumor was transplanted. Chitin-glucan complex extracted from Pleurotus ostreatus was administered at a dose of 500 mg/kg intragastrically, recombinant flagellin at a dose of 1 mg/kg intraperitoneally. The volume of tumor nodules was assessed at different time points during the experiment, the degree of tumor growth inhibition was calculated, and the spread of the tumor into nearby tissues was recorded. Results and discussion. The absence of stimulation of tumor growth during the use of drugs has been established. The drugs did not reduce the inhibition of Ehrlich tumor growth in mice caused by experimental X-ray treatment. In some periods of the experiment, mice with combination therapy showed a tendency to increase the effectiveness of radiation treatment by 4–6 %. The use of recombinant flagellin led to a decrease in the number of animals with a total spread of Ehrlich’s carcinoma. When using the mushroom chitin-glucan complex, there was a tendency to decrease the value of the integral dissemination score compared to control. Conclusions. It was shown that the chitin-glucan complex from the Pleurotus ostreatus and the deimmunized recombinant flagellin did not have a negative effect on the antitumor effect of radiation exposure. The possibility of their use as a means of accompanying radiotherapy of tumors has been experimentally confirmed.
PPARγANDGLUCOSEHOMEOSTASIS

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

▪ Abstract Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is a nuclear receptor involved in the control of metabolism. Research on PPARγ is oriented towards understanding its role in insulin sensitization, which was inspired by the discovery that antidiabetic agents, the thiazolidinediones, were agonists for PPARγ. PPARγ stimulation improves glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetic patients and in animal models of insulin resistance through mechanisms that are incompletely understood. Upon activation, PPARγ heterodimerizes with retinoid X receptor, recruits specific cofactors, and binds to responsive DNA elements, thereby stimulating the transcription of target genes. Because PPARγ is highly enriched in adipose tissue and because of its major role in adipocyte differentiation, it is thought that the effects of PPARγ in adipose tissue are crucial to explain its role in insulin sensitization, but recent studies have highlighted the contribution of other tissues as well. Although relatively potent for their insulin-sensitizing action, currently marketed PPARγ activators have some important undesirable side effects. These concerns led to the discovery of new ligands with potent antidiabetic properties but devoid of certain of these side effects. Data from human genetic studies and from PPARγ heterozygous knockout mice indicate that a reduction in PPARγ activity could paradoxically improve insulin sensitivity. These findings suggest that modulation of PPARγ activity by partial agonists or compounds that affect cofactor recruitment might hold promise for the treatment of insulin resistance.
A large new species of Rhinella (Anura: Bufonidae) from Cerrado of Brazil

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Maciel, Natan M., Brandão, Reuber A., Campos, Leandro A., Sebben, Antonio (2007): A large new species of Rhinella (Anura: Bufonidae) from Cerrado of Brazil. Zootaxa 1627: 23-39, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.179312
Practical Considerations for Common Duct Stone Clearance

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Patients undergoing cholecystectomy have a 10 to 18% chance of common duct stone (CDS) being discovered during the procedure. With the advent of laparoscopy the generally successful open common bile duct exploration for the treatment of common duct stone has been largely replaced by endoscopic means. Lately however, endoscopic clearance is being challenged by a single stage laparoscopic common duct exploration. No clear consensus has been developed to delineate specific practice guidelines for each procedure. Even so, different variables such as patient variables, institutional limitations and technical considerations make the choice of the appropriate procedure a lot more confusing. It is the aim of this article review to find out practical options for the surgeons on the basis of established parameters for safe surgery as well circumstantial parameters that may be variably present in different hospital settings.The search strategy was to review literatures, abstracts, electronic databases, and bibliographies published from year 1999 until 2008 using different medical search engines. Results of this review showed two RCTs (n 378) comparing preoperative endoscopic clearance vs laparoscopic stone clearance and two smaller RCTs (n 166) which compared single stage laparoscopic stone clearance vs delayed endoscopic clearance. There was shorter length of stay in the laparoscopy arm in both studies but stone clearance rate, mortality and morbidity were not significantly different for all studies. Literatures that dealt with circumstantial parameters such as patient variables, institutional limitations and technical expertise, all showed positive significance for these parameters in predicting the success or failure of a procedure for common duct clearance.
SHINGLES STRIKES THE GUT- A RARE CASE REPORT OF HERPES ZOSTER-INDUCED OGILVIE SYNDROME

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Acute colonic pseudo-obstruction (Ogilvie syndrome) is a rare condition characterized by significant colonic dilation without mechanical obstruction, typically arising in patients with severe comorbidities. It often affects the ascending colon and caecum. Although the exact cause is unclear, autonomic nervous system dysfunction is considered a likely factor. Herpes zoster, caused by varicella-zoster virus (VZV) reactivation can be one of the rare causes of Ogilvie syndrome as seen in our patient and treatment with antiviral therapy led to rapid resolution of the symptoms. This case highlights the importance of recognizing herpes zoster as a potential trigger for Ogilv syndrome and emphasises the need for early diagnosis and treatment to prevent unwarranted surgical intervention.
Participation of mothers and preschool children in joint use of mobile devices

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

In summary, current research highlights the vital role of JME in the digital age, underlining how it strengthens emotional bonds and improves interaction between parents and offspring. This approach not only fosters affective ties but is fundamental in acquiring skills at early stages of childhood (Dore et al., 2018; Ewin, Reupert, McLean, et al., 2021; Takeuchi et al., 2011). The relevance of this phenomenon is even more pronounced during the preschool years, a critical phase in which parents play a crucial role in the introduction to and guidance in the use of digital tools (Kucirkova & Sakr, 2015; Plowman et al., 2008). It is also a period when young children show a preference for accompanied technological interaction, highlighting the importance of active parental presence in these processes (Chiong & Shuler, 2010; Connell et al., 2015).
Chronic progressive monomelic sensory neuropathy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

To the Editor: We read with interest the article by Yuen1 reporting a case of idiopathic progressive monomelic sensory neuropathy. We followed a similar patient, a 52-year-old man, who complained for 3 or 4 years of progressive discomfort and disability in his left arm. He had no motor deficit, but tendon reflexes were abolished in that limb. Sensory abnormalities were limited to errors in stereognosia and postural instability of the left hand after eye occlusion. Motor conduction velocity was normal in the four limbs. The amplitude of sensory action potentials …
INFORMATION USE PATTERN OF CIVIL AND MECHANICAL ENGINEERING FACULTY OF UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AUTONOMOUS JNTUK KAKINADA: A STUDY

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This Article to express the role of Web based information services of Civil and Mechanical Engineering faculty of University College of Engineering Autonomous Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Kakinada the Researcher has used the survey method to collect data from the University College of Engineering Autonomous faculty especially Regular Library users. The faculty are processed technically and tabulated as to the variables of the concerned topic of online resources.
Import of rat liver mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase. Synthesis, transport, and processing in vitro of its precursor.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Rat liver total RNA was translated in a reticulocyte lysate, and the precursor of rat liver mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase was identified by a monospecific antibody against the denatured mature enzyme. The precursor is about Mr = 1500 to 2000 larger than the monomeric form of the mature protein. The major spots of the two-dimensional peptide map of the two proteins were identical. The precursor was synthesized on free polysomes, but not membrane-bound polysomes. Upon fractionation by molecular sieve chromatography on Sephadex G-100, the size of the precursor was slightly larger than the dimeric form of the mature protein. Incubation of the precursor with isolated mitochondria from Chinese hamster ovary cells resulted in uptake and processing of the precursor to the mature size. The processed form was resistant to trypsin indicating that it was translocated into mitochondria. Processing was complete in 10 to 30 min at 30 degrees C. Rapid binding of the precursor to mitochondria was also observed at 0 or 30 degrees C. Processing but not binding was inhibited by an uncoupler.
THE ACTION OF SUPRARENAL TISSUE UPON LECITHIN*

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Histological evidence suggests that the cortex of the suprarenal glands is closely associated with lipoid and cholesterol metabolism, although it is not yet certain whether the function of the glands is concerned with the synthesis, storage or breakdown of these substances. In regard to the lipoids, there is some evidence that both synthesis and breakdown may occur; cholesterin does not appear to be synthesised but to be taken tip by the suprarenal cortex from the blood-stream. It was found experimentally that the incubation of dried suprarenal tissue with lecithin in a saline medium at pH 7.4 and at 37°C. was always followed by certain changes. The concentration of the lecithin used was 0.5 gms per 100 cc. of solvent and that of the suprarenal tissue was 0.1 gms. The saline solvent contained 0.6% NaCl, 0.2% NaHCO, and 0.1% glucose. After all the components had been added, carbon dioxide was passed in with frequent shaking until pH 7.4 was reached. The flasks were then sealed and incubated at 37°C. after ...
Embodiment and the Animal in Guadalupe Nettel’s El matrimonio de los peces rojos

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This article explores an interaction between posthumanist and cognitive discourses through the work of award winning Mexican author, Guadalupe Nettel. I focus on her 2014 anthology, Natural Histories, rereading the central motif of the narrative, that animals ‘are like a mirror that reflects submerged emotions or behaviours that we don’t dare to see’ (Nettel, 9). This ‘reflection’ is not simply the image of the human reflected off the opaque surface of the animal, but rather the humans themselves act as a mirror, simulating the behaviour of the animals with which they cohabit. This can be read as a literary representation of a neurophysiological phenomenon — embodied simulation, an internal mimicry, either perceptible or imperceptible, performed when watching others completing certain tasks, movements or expressions (Gazzola et al. 2007; Uithol et al. 2011; Iacoboni 2009). In particular, the first story, ‘El matrimonio de los peces rojos’, depicts a profound human-nonhuman embodied resonance that moves between linguistic, narratological and characterological levels. A cognitive critical approach to the mirroring between animals and humans in the stories reveals the particular intersection between new paradigms in cognitive science, animal studies, and posthumanism that the anthology develops, each of its narratives intertwining mind, body and nonhuman other in a non-hierarchical network.
Endorsing Improvements of AFP and Measles Surveillance Performances after the First COVID 19 Pandemic Lockdown (2020-2021), &lt;i&gt;a Comparative Analysis Study Design&lt;/i&gt;: The Case of Sidama Region, Ethiopia

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Following the declaration of COVID-19 as a global public health threat, disease surveillance activities were crippled in 2020. Documenting surveillance improvements of Sidama region in 2021 has to be endorsed to boost the performances. A comparative analysis study design of acute flaccid paralysis and measles surveillance data of 2020 and 2021 for Sidama region was used. Two years all reports of AFP and suspected measles cases in 2020 and 2021 from Sidama region were used for this study. The non-polio AFP rate and stool adequacy rate were used to assess the sensitivity of the AFP surveillance. Whereas the non-measles febrile rash rate was used to assess the measles surveillance. A total of 91 AFP cases in 2021 and 44 in 2020 have been detected and investigated for polio analysis. All cases were discarded in both years. The stool adequacy rate for 2021 was 90.1%; whereas, 86.4% in 2020. Annualized non-polio AFP rate was 2.2/100,000 for 2020 and 3.8/100,000 for 2021, which the latter is much higher to the minimum expected rate in outbreak areas of 3/100,000. A total of 154 suspected measles cases in 2021 and 111 in 2020 have been investigated for IGM analysis. In 2020, 64 and 11 in 2021 IGM positive for measles were identified. The non-measles febrile rash rate for 2020 was 1.1/100,000; whereas 2.5/100,000 for 2021. There is an improvement in the sensitivity of AFP and measles surveillance performance for Sidama region in 2021. Sustaining high quality measles and AFP surveillance is suggested to maintain measles and polio free statuses.
Sex Differences In The Morphology Of The Vastus Lateralis After An Anterior Cruciate Ligament Tear

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Females are three times more susceptible to tear their anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and have significantly weaker quadriceps after injury. Despite the high frequency of injury, little is known about whether the morphology of the quadriceps alters in a sex specific manner. Muscle imaging of volume, fibrosis, pennation angle, and fiber tract length could provide valuable insights into these differences. PURPOSE: To investigate sex differences in morphology of the vastus lateralis (VL) after ACL injury. METHODS: 24 ACL deficient patients (11M, 13F, 21.8 ± 5.0 y, 25.0 ± 3.7 kg/m2, days since injury 24.6 ± 16.2) underwent magnetic resonance imaging including multi echo T1ρ, DTI, and 2D turbo spin echo. Data was post-processed in MATLAB, where a mono exponential decay curve was fitted to analyze the T1ρ signal. Muscle fiber bundles were tracked by taking the first eigenvector of diffusion tensor starting at the aponeurosis until the fiber exited the side or top of the selected slices. From these tracks pennation angle and fiber length were calculated. Muscle volume was calculated by manually outlining the border of the VL. Independent t-tests compared differences between males and females. RESULTS: T1ρ times (M: 0.031 ± 0.003 s; F: 0.028 ± 0.002 s; p = 0.06) and pennation angle (M: 16.6 ± 2.6°; F: 14.9 ± 1.8°) of the involved limb was not significantly different between sexes; however, fiber length was significantly longer in females compared to males (F: 55.1 ± 6.2 mm; M: 48.3 ± 7.0 mm; p = 0.04). Volume of the vastus lateralis was not significantly different between sexes (M: 355.1 ± 117.5 cm3; F: 335.9 ± 97.1 cm3; p = 0.6). CONCLUSIONS: We show that ACL injury results in a sex specific difference in muscle fiber length. Fiber length is an important determinant in physiological cross-sectional area (PCSA). The longer fiber lengths seen in the females may lead to decreased PCSA which could have a negative influence on quadriceps muscle strength. Potentially, this longer fiber length prior to surgery may be one factor that drives differences in recovery of muscle strength after surgery. Future work is needed to examine how these morphological aspects change over time following ACL reconstruction.