jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
More cautionary labeling appears on isotretinoin

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The Food and Drug Administration and Roche Laboratories, Nutley, NJ, have agreed on more cautionary labeling for the company's isotretinoin (Accutane) anti-acne product. The laboratories are a division of Hoffmann-LaRoche Inc. The labeling contains two boxed warnings that were not in the earlier version. These emphasize in boldface type that the drug should not be used by women who are pregnant or who have immediate plans to become pregnant. The warning also draws attention to the association of isotretinoin with cases of pseudotumor cerebri, pointing out that early signs of this disorder include papilledema, headache, nausea and vomiting, and visual disturbances. Further, in what is held by some to be an unusual move, the FDA has advised the blood banking community that patients receiving isotretinoin should not donate blood for transfusion for 30 days after use of the drug. The director of the Division of Blood
Micropropagation of the therapeutic-honey plants Leptospermum polygalifolium and L. scoparium (Myrtaceae)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Demand for therapeutic honey is driving establishment of Leptospermum plantations. This study developed micropropagation methods for two species – Leptospermum polygalifolium Salisb. and L. scoparium J.R.Forst. & G.Forst. The study determined how shoot proliferation and adventitious rooting were influenced by the original explant position on the seedling and the concentration of benzyladenine (BA) in the proliferation medium. Hormone-free node culture was highly effective for both species. Nodal explants often formed roots in the absence of BA and developed elongated axillary shoots. Median shoot numbers of 584 and 659 were formed in 31–32 weeks from a single L. polygalifolium or L. scoparium seed, respectively. A low BA dose was effective for callogenesis and shoot proliferation of L. polygalifolium, but not L. scoparium. The median number of shoots produced from a single L. polygalifolium seed was 630 using 2.22-μM BA. This dose induced extremely high shoot numbers in some clones because explants often produced extensive callus and multiple short shoots. Shoots formed adventitious roots without indole-3-butyric acid and plantlets were acclimatised to nursery conditions. The original explant position did not influence shoot proliferation or adventitious rooting. Leptospermum polygalifolium and L. scoparium proved amenable to micropropagation, facilitating rapid establishment of nectar plantations.
A novel data envelopment analysis for location of renewable energy site with respect to sustainability

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

The feasibility of a photovoltaic project depends on strategic decisions such as the location of the power plant. This article contributes to the literature by proposing a novel algorithm employing non-radial data envelopment analysis and a clustering method, including single-period and multi-period models, to select appropriate locations to establish photovoltaic sites. This algorithm evaluates the candidate locations’ efficiency to establish photovoltaic power plant considering defined sustainability criteria. Due to different results obtained from the presented models, the clustering method identifies the best locations. Iran is used to assess the performance of the proposed algorithm. The results show that six provinces are suitable locations to launch photovoltaic sites and the obtained locations are in good agreement with the photovoltaic potential for Iran. Furthermore, the results reveal that Iran has a high potential to generate photovoltaic energy. Besides, the locations identified for the establishment of photovoltaic sites are close to high electricity consumption provinces.
Mortality Predictors Of Pre-variant SARS-CoV-2 Infected ARDS Patients Receiving Favipiravir and Tocilizumab

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Objective In this study, viral clearance (oronasopharyngeal swab RT-PCR negativity) and intensive care outcomes and risk factors affecting mortality of critically ill patients with COVID-19-related acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) who received tocilizumab and favipiravir treatments together before vaccination were investigated. Material-Methods The data of patients who were followed up and treated between 1 July 2020 and 5 October 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Demographic data of the patients (age, gender), oro-nasopharyngeal swab RT-PCR and classification of ARDS, respiratory support treatments, all medical treatments, and ICU outcomes were recorded. Results Totally, 60 patients with a median age of 69.8 [24–87], 25 females and 35 males were included in the study. Mean APACHE II score was 18.9 ± 8.0; and SOFA score was 4.5 ± 2.0. Thirty-four (56.7%) patients were intubated during follow-up. Tocilizumab was given on average of 2.5th day (± 2.0 days). On the day of tocilizumab administration, 1 (1.7%) patient had mild ARDS, 30 (50.0%) had moderate ARDS, 29 (48.3%) had severe ARDS. PaO2/FIO2 on the day of tocilizumab administration was 96.7 ± 36.6 mmHg. Forty (66.7%) patients died, while 20 (33.3%) patients transferred to the service. The mean length of stay in the ICU was 11.4 ± 5.5 days. Advanced age [Hazard ratio (HR) 1.8; 95% confidense interval (CI) 0.88–0.93; p < 0.001), higher APACHE II score (HR 0.81, 95% CI 0.74–0.98; p = 0.001), higher SOFA score on the day of tocilizumab administration (HR 1.47, 95% CI 0.39–0.79; p = 0.001), and lower PaO2/FIO2 ratio (HR 2.54, 95% CI 2.33–3.79; p < 0.001) were determined as independent risk factors for mortality. Conclusion Patients who were administered tocilizumab and favipiravir together in our intensive care unit were mostly patients with severe ARDS and had higher inflammatory markers. High mortality was attributed to the use of tocilizumab as an add-on treatment, not as a routine treatment.
Arm swing magnitude and asymmetry during gait in the early stages of Parkinson's disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The later stages of Parkinson's disease (PD) are characterized by altered gait patterns. Although decreased arm swing during gait is the most frequently reported motor dysfunction in individuals with PD, quantitative descriptions of gait in early PD have largely ignored upper extremity movements. This study was designed to perform a quantitative analysis of arm swing magnitude and asymmetry that might be useful in the assessment of early PD. Twelve individuals with early PD (in “off” state) and eight controls underwent gait analysis using an optically-based motion capture system. Participants were instructed to walk at normal and fast velocities, and then on heels (to minimize push-off). Arm swing was measured as the excursion of the wrist with respect to the pelvis. Arm swing magnitude for each arm, and inter-arm asymmetry, were compared between groups. Both groups had comparable gait velocities (p=0.61), and there was no significant difference between the groups in the magnitude of arm swing in all walking conditions for the arm that swung more (p=0.907) or less (p=0.080). Strikingly, the PD group showed significantly greater arm swing asymmetry (asymmetry angle: 13.9±7.9%) compared to the control group (asymmetry angle: 5.1±4.0%; p=0.003). Unlike arm swing magnitude, arm swing asymmetry unequivocally differs between people with early PD and controls. Such quantitative evaluation of arm swing, especially its asymmetry, may have utility for early and differential diagnosis, and for tracking disease progression in patients with later PD.
Intersubband transitions in coupled triple‐graded quantum wells under an electric field

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The intersubband transitions were calculated in three different shaped triple‐graded quantum wells. The investigation involved changing the depth of the central well potential under an electric field applied parallel to the growth direction. By changing the depth of the central well potential, one can tune the resonance photon energy. This tunability gives a possibility for the realization of near‐infrared electro‐absorption modulators and detectors. In addition, the absorption coefficient as a function of the incident photon energy was obtained for the 1–2 transition in a triple square quantum well structure having the same physical parameters as the triple‐graded quantum well structure. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Investigations on rat serum albumin marked with tritium-labelled leucine

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Research Article| October 01 1956 Investigations on rat serum albumin marked with tritium-labelled leucine J. Done; J. Done 1Human Nutrition Research Unit, Medical Research Council Laboratories, Holly Hill, Hampstead, London, N.W. 3 Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar P. R. Payne P. R. Payne 1Human Nutrition Research Unit, Medical Research Council Laboratories, Holly Hill, Hampstead, London, N.W. 3 Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem J (1956) 64 (2): 266–274. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0640266 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation J. Done, P. R. Payne; Investigations on rat serum albumin marked with tritium-labelled leucine. Biochem J 1 October 1956; 64 (2): 266–274. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0640266 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Journal Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1956 CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS1956 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Temporal Gait Measures Associated With Overground and Treadmill Walking in Rett Syndrome

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Rett syndrome is a severe neurodevelopmental disorder leading to intellectual impairment and global developmental delays, including difficulty or inability to walk. Assessing differences in temporal parameters and associated variability between overground and treadmill walking is important if gait training is to be incorporated into intervention protocols. Fourteen female patients with Rett syndrome (mean age 10.4 years ± SD 5.1) were evaluated during overground and treadmill walking. Stride, stance, swing, and double support times, and the variance of these measures, were obtained. Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were used to assess for potential differences between overground and treadmill measures. Treadmill gait resulted in decreases in swing and double support times. When normalized to stride time, treadmill gait displayed an increase in stance time with decreases in swing and double support times. Excepting stance time, treadmill gait resulted in decreased variability, indicating a more regularized gait while walking on the treadmill. These results suggest that treadmill walking can be beneficial for ambulatory patients with Rett syndrome and could be incorporated into a therapeutic protocol designed to maintain the maximum degree of mobility and overall general health as part of a comprehensive health management approach.
Enzymatic synthesis of trierucin from high‐erucic acid rapeseed oil

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The lipase from Candida rugosa has been shown to discriminate against erucic acid. Advantage of this property has been taken to produce trierucin from high‐erucic acid rapeseed (HEAR) oil. A method has been developed for extracting erucic acid from the oil as dierucin and subsequently enzymatically converting it to trierucin. Unrefined HEAR oil was hydrolyzed with lipase from C. rugosa to produce a mixture of free fatty acids and dierucin. Precipitation and filtration from cold ethanol gave 73% pure dierucin, free of fatty acids. This dierucin was treated in two ways to produce trierucin. First, in the presence of an immobilized lipase and a known amount of water, some trierucin is produced by interesterification. Second, a more efficient route to trierucin utilized Rhizopus arrhizus lipase to completely hydrolyze dierucin to erucic acid, which was then combined with an appropriate amount of dierucin in the presence of an immobilized lipase to produce trierucin in a quantitative yield.
The influence of lime and phosphorus on the growth of white clover on highly weathered Natal soils

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Results of field studies conducted on highly weathered Natal soils in which the performance of white clover (Trifolium repens cv. Regal ladino) was examined under a range of lime and P treatments applied in factorial combination, are presented. Despite adverse moisture conditions over the three seasons during which the studies were in progress, highly significant yield responses to lime and P were noted. Up to 460 kg P ha−1 were required in order to obtain a levelling-off of dry matter response to P. This large P requirement was consistent with information obtained from P sorption isotherms indicating extremely high P fixation in the soils under study. A noteworthy feature of P response data was a suggestion of increased P requirement under conditions of low rainfall. Yield responses to lime were commensurate with the elimination of exchangeable Al. S. A f r. J. Plant Soil 1985, 2: 67–71 Keywords: Al-toxicityhighly weathered soilslime/P responsesP fixationwhite clover
The Making of 'Excellence' in the European Research Area. How Research Funding Organizations Work

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The article examines research funding organisations and their public role in providing for and deciding upon the distribution of financial and symbolic resources for research. Taking the supranational European Research Council as a case study, and following notions drawn from Robert Merton's explanatory theory of social structure, we apply a structural analysis of research funding in Europe, making a distinction between structural conditions and social choices, mechanisms and consequences of establishing scientific research of "excellence" in the European Research Area.
Anomalous magnetism and normal field instability in supercooled liquid cobalt

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Supercooled liquids may offer fascinating phenomena as compared with the normal state. In the case of supercooled paramagnetic liquids, completely different phenomena in high magnetic fields should be observed thanks to the high undercooling leading to higher magnetization and very strong magnetic coupling in the liquids. Here, we report the measurement of an undercooled pure liquid metal with a higher magnetization than the solid at the same temperature. We also observe the normal field instability pattern formation in the undercooled melt. Although the origin of the high magnetism of the liquid remains unclear, we discuss the possibility of a short range ordering effect.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Synergy between serum amyloid A and secretory phospholipase A2.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Serum amyloid A (SAA) is an evolutionally conserved enigmatic biomarker of inflammation.In acute inflammation, SAA plasma levels increase ~1,000 fold, suggesting that this protein family has a vital beneficial role.SAA increases simultaneously with secretory phospholipase A 2 (sPLA 2 ), compelling us to determine how SAA influences sPLA 2 hydrolysis of lipoproteins.SAA solubilized phospholipid bilayers to form lipoproteins that provided substrates for sPLA 2 .Moreover, SAA sequestered free fatty acids and lysophospholipids to form stable proteolysisresistant complexes.Unlike albumin, SAA effectively removed free fatty acids under acidic conditions, which characterize inflammation sites.Therefore, SAA solubilized lipid bilayers to generate substrates for sPLA 2 and removed its bioactive products.Consequently, SAA and sPLA 2 can act synergistically to remove cellular membrane debris from injured sites, which is a prerequisite for tissue healing.We postulate that the removal of lipids and their degradation products constitutes a vital primordial role of SAA in innate immunity; this role remains to be tested in vivo.
Collection Technique and Progesterone Concentration of Ovarian and Uterine Venous Blood in Mares2

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Blood was collected from the right and left main uterine veins, right and left main ovarian veins and jugular vein of mares. Progesterone concentration was determined by radioimmunoassay in the five plasma samples for each of 22 mares which were killed on days 24, 30,40, 50, 60, 80, 100, 160 or 220 of pregnancy. The mares were grouped on the basis of the location of the secondary corpora lutea (2°CL) relative to the primary corpus luteum (1°CL). The 1°CL secreted progesterone into the ovarian vein at least until day 80. The 2°CL produced considerable progesterone as indicated by high levels of progesterone in the ovarian venous effluent from ovaries which contained only 2°CL. Ovaries which did not contain CL (1°CL or 2°CL) did not secrete progesterone (no significant difference between ovarian veins and jugular vein). All 22 mares had high levels of progesterone in venous effluent from ovaries which contained luteal structures except the one mare which was killed on day 220. The placenta or uterus contributed to the concentration of progesterone in the systemic circulation by day 80 of pregnancy and continued to secrete progesterone until day 220, which was the last day studied.
Intensification of nonlinearity by dispersed events in media with structure and generation of various dominant frequencies in P- and S-waves

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

A model of a continuum with a structure described by infinite order equations of motion is proposed. In case that a wave is very long as compared with the size of the structure, equations are reduced to the fourth-order equations. A closed equation of motion, including nonlinear, dispersed and wave members, is derived. It is shown that solutions in the form of soliton waves exist only in media where wave velocity grows with pressure. In the media, where soliton waves do not exist, quasi-stationary solutions with multiple frequencies prevail. It is found that the nonlinear effect of multiple frequencies is unexpectedly high even for small deformation as dispersion violently intensifies nonlinear events. Moreover, in the domain of small deformation, there exist solutions for longitudinal and transversal waves with the same length and different frequencies. The solutions for the same length waves with different frequencies most often occur in seismology and seismic explorations.
Parental Income Level and Risk of Developing Type 2 Diabetes in Youth

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Importance In recent years, the global incidence of type 2 diabetes in young people has increased, especially among minoritized, Indigenous, or financially disadvantaged populations. However, few studies have examined whether poverty is associated with increased risk of youth-onset type 2 diabetes. Objective To examine the association of family income level with the risk of youth-onset type 2 diabetes. Design, Setting, and Participants This nationwide, population-based retrospective cohort study used data from the 2008 National Health Insurance Research Database of Taiwan, with follow-up through December 31, 2019. Participants included children and adolescents aged 0 to 19 years. Data analysis was performed from June 9, 2022, to January 16, 2023. Exposures Family income, classified as very low, low, middle, and high. Main Outcomes and Measures Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) for the risks of youth-onset type 2 diabetes and all-cause mortality for all income groups vs the high-income group. Results The cohort included a total of 5 182 893 children and adolescents (mean [SD] age, 11.2 [5.2] years; 2 477 807 girls [48.3%]). The mean (SD) follow-up duration was 9.0 (0.3) years. The incidence rates of youth-onset type 2 diabetes were 0.52 cases per 1000 person-years for the very-low-income group, 0.40 cases per 1000 person-years for the low-income group, 0.35 cases per 1000 person-years for the middle-income group, and 0.28 cases per 1000 person-years for the high-income group. Children and adolescents from very-low-income (aHR, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.41-1.71), low-income (aHR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.27-1.41), and middle-income (aHR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.20-1.34) families had a significantly higher hazard of youth-onset type 2 diabetes than those from high-income families. Children and adolescents from very-low-income (aHR, 2.18; 95% CI, 1.97-2.41), low-income (aHR, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.42-1.60), and middle-income (aHR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.14-1.31) families also had a significantly higher hazard of all-cause mortality than those from high-income families. Children and adolescents who were older, female, and obese and had dyslipidemia, gout, or psychiatric disorders had a significantly higher risk of youth-onset type 2 diabetes than children without those characteristics. Conclusions and Relevance This population-based cohort study showed that children and adolescents from very-low-income to middle-income families had a higher hazard of youth-onset type 2 diabetes and mortality than those from high-income families. Further research to reveal the factors underlying this association may improve the accuracy of identifying individuals at greatest risk for developing type 2 diabetes in youth.
Acknowledgements

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In today's world, we are offered a constantly expanding number of technologies to integrate into our lives. We now utilise a range of interconnected technologies at work, at home and at leisure. The realm of sport is no exception, where new technologies or enhancements are available to athletes, coaches, scientists, umpires, governing bodies and broadcasters. However, this book argues that in a world where time has become a precious commodity and numerous options are always on offer, functionality is no longer enough to drive their usage within elite sports training, competition and broadcasting. Consistent with an actor-network theory approach as developed by Bruno Latour, John Law, Michele Callon and Annemarie Mol, the book shows how those involved in sport must grapple with a unique set of understandings and connections in order to determine the best combination of technologies and other factors to serve their particular purpose. This book uses a case study approach to demonstrate how there are multiple explanations and factors at play in the use of technology that cannot be reduced to singular explanations like performance enhancement or commercialisation. Specific cases examined include doping, swimsuits, GPS units, Hawk-Eye and kayaks, along with broader areas such as the use of sports scientists in training and the integration of new enhancements in broadcasting. In all cases, the book demonstrates how multiple actors can affect the use or non-use of technology.