jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The differentially expressed flowering-related genes in <i>GsWRKY20</i>ox plants revealed by microarray.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

<div><p>(<b>a</b>) The differentially expressed flowering-related genes in <i>GsWRKY20</i>ox plants. Genes which were up or down-regulated (>2-fold) in the <i>GsWRKY20</i>ox plants compared with the WT are listed. The <i>P</i> values were corrected for multiple testing using FDR methodology. The group of genes was classified based on their biochemical functions. AGI, Arabidopsis Genome Initiative number; FC, fold changes.</p>\n<p>(<b>b</b>) Expression validation of the differentially expressed flowering-related genes. Total RNAs were extracted from three-week-old whole plants grown on 0.5 × MS-agar. Transcript levels relative to <i>ACTIN2</i> are presented for each treatment. Each value is the mean ±SE of three independent measurements. Significant differences from WT are denoted by one, or two stars corresponding to <i>P</i> < 0.05, and <i>P</i> < 0.01, respectively by Student’s t test.</p></div>
Leipzig, 1813

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

« Un obus arriva au-dessus de nous, explosa instantanément, écrasa la poitrine et la tête d'un officier et d'un sergent, et brisa les jambes de douze hommes dans la colonne… » Entre le 16 et le 19 octobre 1813, un demi-million d'hommes s'affrontèrent dans les environs de Leipzig et 130 000 y périrent. Mais ce bilan ne tient pas compte des violences que subirent les populations civiles, confrontées pour la première fois à la mort de masse. La bataille de Leipzig fut au XIXe siècle le plus grand affrontement européen. Pourtant ce conflit titanesque opposant les forces coalisées de l'Empire russe, de la Prusse, de la Suède et de l'Autriche à la Grande Armée napoléonienne n'est pas entré dans la légende, comme Waterloo ou Austerlitz. Cette étude novatrice comble ce silence en apportant un éclairage nouveau sur une bataille qui a sonné le glas de l'Empire napoléonien. Des extraits inédits de correspondances de soldats font ressortir toute la dimension humaine d'une campagne hors normes, aux séquelles innombrables et profondes.
Realization of Radar Signal Calibrator Based on FPGA

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract In view of the shortcomings of pulse radar signals that are easily affected by internal and external conditions, a pulse radar signal calibrator is designed based on FPGA. The radar’s transmitted signals are pulsed by the calibrator in real time, and the radar signals can be calibrated by inversion analysis. At the same time, the functions of timing reception of the status information of each extension and saving of the collected data to the USB mobile hard disk are controlled by the host computer. After testing, the measurement accuracy error caused by the transmission path during the radar system’s working process can be calibrated by this radar signal calibrator, the accuracy of the radar system link is improved, and the accuracy of the radar system measurement is guaranteed. Therefore, it can be widely used in ground calibration equipment of pulse radar.
Age and growth determination and stock identification using statolith microstructure of Indian squid, Loligo duvauceli

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Age and growth and stock identification of Indian squid, Loligo duvauceli were examined by statolith microstructure and morphological measurements. The Indian squid were sampled from the Gulf of Thailand and the Andaman Sea by otter board trawlers. The age in days after hatching for the Indian squid from the Gulf of Thailand ranged from 61 to 153 days and the Andaman Sea ranged from 76 to 270 days. The Growth Index (GI) was not significantly different between sexes for both seas. The GI of males and females were 0.959 and 1.044 mm/day for the Gulf of Thailand and 0.730 and 0.706 mm/day for the Andaman Sea. A logarithmic function was selected to describe the population growth pattern for both seas. Sexual dimorphism appeared in both two populations. The maturity pattern was more distinctly separated by DML than age for both sexes. The DML50% for males and females was 78.90 and 94.05 mm for the Gulf of Thailand and 100.69 and 91.52 mm for the Andaman Sea. These lengths are smaller than previous studies, and may show evidence of fisheries induced evolution to earlier maturation at smaller sizes. Both morphological and statolith variables were apparent for L. duvauceli stocks identification using Discriminant Analysis.
"La Mere Humanite": Femininity in the Romantic Socialism of Pierre Leroux and the Abbe A.-L. Constant

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Humanity, my mother, since you have led me, by so many paths, to conceive this design, support me, inspire me, affirm me.-Pierre Leroux, "Invocation to my Muse." 1It was during the July Monarchy in France, in the era immediately preceding the Revolution of 1848, that the ideology we call socialism became more than an abstraction held by isolated intellectuals and conspirators. 2A series of individuals, loose-knit associations, and more formal écoles were active during the 1830s and 1840s, developing a varied agenda of social reform, economic cooperation, or association, mystical Christianity, and women's liberation.Roughly lumped under the pejorative rubric of utopian socialism, and perhaps more accurately called romantic socialism, this movement was ultimately unsuccessful in achieving its diverse goals, but contributed significantly to the political discourse of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. 3 Socialism at this stage of its development overlapped in many ways with republicanism, both being, to quote one historian of the latter, "an amalgam of responses to the Enlightenment, the 1789 Revoluation and above all economic 1 Pierre Leroux, La Grève de Samarez (Paris, 1979), 177. 2 E.g., Gracchus Babeuf's Conspiracy of the Equals of 1796.3 Marx and Engels first used "utopian" to describe that socialism that preceded theirs in their Communist Manifesto of 1848.Although a significant component of socialists were utopians, the term "romantic" better captures the breadth of influences on early socialism.
The Irish Credit Union Business Model: Is it still fit for purpose?

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

By any objective standard, the credit union movement in Ireland achieved amazing success during the first four decades after its founding in the 1950s. In the years since, however, it has been in gradual but on-going decline. Despite their current financial strength, credit unions must substantially change how they do business, or their long-term future is in doubt. The objective of this research paper is to explore the reasons for this decline and to prompt discussion and debate by credit unions and their stakeholders on how that decline can be reversed.
Endoscopic Removal of Gastric and Duodenal Polyps

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

As endoscopic surgery comes into its own, the applications of this modality are increasing. This is well illustrated by the use of endoscopic polypectomy in the colon, and more recently by endoscopic polypectomy in the stomach and duodenum. We can anticipate increased applicability of these technics as the experience widens and the margins of safety increase. The present series of six polypectomies from the stomach and duodenum confirms the applicability of endoscopic polypectomy for this portion of the gastrointestinal tract, attests to its safety, and indicates that these procedures can contribute materially to the care of patients with gastric or duodenal polyps. The real and potential problems are discussed.
Political Endorsements by Scientific Organizations Reduce Trust in Scientific Expertise During COVID-19

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract High-profile political endorsements by scientific organizations and publications have been common in recent years, which raises concerns about political backlash against the endorsing organization in particular and scientific expertise in general. In a pre-registered large-sample online controlled experiment, I randomly assign subjects to receive information about Nature’s endorsement of Joe Biden for the 2020 U.S. presidential election in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Seeing the endorsement message leads to large reductions in self-reported trust in Nature among Trump supporters. This distrust translates into lower demand for COVID-related information provided by Nature, as evidenced by substantially reduced requests for Nature articles on vaccine efficacy and emerging COVID variants when offered. The endorsement also reduces Trump supporters’ stated trust in scientists in general, suggesting “reputational externalities” on the scientific community. Treatment effect estimates for Biden supporters are positive but small and often statistically insignificant across outcomes. Finally, I find little evidence that the endorsement is successful at changing subjects’ views about Biden and Trump. These results show political endorsement by scientific organizations can undermine public confidence in the endorsing organization and in the scientific community.
Spring shed development by employing traditional practices for spring revival and reducing women drudgery in Kumaun Himalayan Region

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The Himalayan ecosystem is one of the most important and threatened life support systems on the earth. Ruthless exploitation of vegetal cover from steep hill slopes of Uttarakhand hills is adversely affecting the various natural resources. About 36% of springs have dried resulting into severe crisis of water for drinking as well as irrigation during the past 20 years. It is a dangerous sign that aquifers are depleting in a state where majority of the population in hills dependents on springs for drinking water. Women drudgery is high and bulk of their time is spent in collecting fodder, fuel-wood and water for which walking 4-6 Km/ day is common resulting in neglect of children and personal health. The present study was conducted at two villages (1646 -1715 m elevation) to evaluate the effect of various activities directed towards using a mix of traditional and scientific know how in reviving /improving the water discharge of springs, reducing women drudgery by planting fodder grasses in areas close to villages. The milk production increased by 0.8 to 1.2 liter/ cattle/household. Establishment of micro-reservoirs at each spring shed increased thedischarge of water during lean period.
SuperDARN data in netCDF format (2007-Sep)

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

2007-Sep SuperDARN radar data in netCDF format. These files were produced using versions 2.5 and 3.0 of the public FitACF algorithm, using the AACGM v2 coordinate system. Cite this dataset if using our data in a publication.The RST is available here: https://github.com/SuperDARN/rstThe research enabled by SuperDARN is due to the efforts of teams of scientists and engineers working in many countries to build and operate radars, process data and provide access, develop and improve data products, and assist users in interpretation. Users of SuperDARN data and data products are asked to acknowledge this support in presentations and publications. A brief statement on how to acknowledge use of SuperDARN data is provided below.Users are also asked to consult with a SuperDARN PI prior to submission of work intended for publication. A listing of radars and PIs with contact information can be found here: (SuperDARN Radar Overview)Recommended form of acknowledgement for the use of SuperDARN data:'The authors acknowledge the use of SuperDARN data. SuperDARN is a collection of radars funded by national scientific funding agencies of Australia, Canada, China, France, Italy, Japan, Norway, South Africa, United Kingdom and the United States of America.'
Whose Representative?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Chapter 3 focuses on the representational role of elected politicians in India—how they work, and whom they try to work for. It starts with an account of the daily work-routines of Indian politicians, describing how SC politicians differ from their non-SC colleagues in their political work. Turning to how SC politicians describe their representational role, the chapter shows how they respond to the incentives of the electoral system and pressures from their political parties, noting that they generally see their role as acting as representatives of their parties, not as agents for the interests of their specific group. The chapter ends by examining which political parties have been elected in SC-reserved constituencies, finding that SC politicians have been elected for a similar set of parties as other politicians, and that parties running on a specifically SC-focused platform have not done particularly well in SC-reserved constituencies.
Dietary Granulocytopenia in Rats Corrected by Crystalline L. casei Factor ("Folic Acid")

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

1. Granulocytopenia was observed in a small percentage of rats fed purified diets without sulfonamides. 2. Crystalline L. casei factor (“folic acid”) administered to 5 rats with granulocytopenia corrected the blood dyscrasia in every case. One or more relapses occurred in 3 of the rats. Crystalline L. casei factor (“folic acid”) corrected the granulocytopenia in relapse.
Effects of straw return and fertilisation on root growth and nutrient utilisation efficiency of cotton in an arid area

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Reducing input of chemical fertiliser to cotton fields has the benefits of reduced costs, increased crop production efficiency, and positive environmental impact. We investigated the impacts of stalk management and fertiliser application on the morphology, physiological activity and nutrient use efficiency of cotton roots in arid areas when grown under drip irrigation with plastic film mulching. This 9-year field experiment involved a split-plot design with two stalk management treatments (removed or mixed with soil) as main plots and four fertiliser treatments (no fertiliser, NPK fertiliser, poultry manure, combined NPK fertiliser plus poultry manure) as subplots. Fertilisation increased root tissue mass density, specific surface area, triphenyl tetrazolium chloride reducing capacity, and glutamine synthetase, but decreased specific root length. Straw return and fertilisation increased soil available N, P and K. Nutrient use efficiencies of N, P and K in roots were sensitive to fertilisation treatment, whereas nutrient use efficiencies in total dry matter were sensitive to straw return treatment. Fertilisation increased the root:shoot ratio, root biomass, fine:coarse root mass ratio, and seed cotton yield. Combined application of NPK fertiliser and poultry manure can prompt the formation of ﬁne roots, which maximised the contact area between poultry manure and roots, thus increasing the chance of the root acquiring mineral nutrients. Therefore, organic matter promotes the absorption of mineral nutrients by roots, thereby improving the efficiency of fertiliser utilisation.
LYGUS SPECIES ON OILSEED RAPE, MUSTARD, AND WEEDS: A SURVEY ACROSS THE PRAIRIE PROVINCES OF CANADA

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Lygus species were sampled from the flowering heads and developing racemes of three species of Brassica [ B . campestris L., B . juncea (L.) Coss., and B . napus L.] and two species of Sinapis ( S . alba L. and S . arvensis L.) from cultivated fields during a survey from Prawda, Manitoba, to Lethbridge, Alberta. Lygus elisus Van Duzee and L . borealis (Kelton) were the most prevalent and abundant in Alberta and Saskatchewan; L . lineolaris (Palisot) was the most prevalent and abundant in Manitoba. Lygus rubrosignatus Knight, L . solidaginis (Kelton), and L . shulli Knight, previously unreported on Brassica , occurred in low numbers at most sites in Alberta and Saskatchewan.
Effects of long-term nitrogen & phosphorus fertilization on soil microbial, bacterial and fungi respiration and their temperature sensitivity on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Background The microbial decomposition of soil organic carbon (SOC) is a major source of carbon loss, especially in ecologically fragile regions ( e.g., the Tibetan Plateau), which are also affected by global warming and anthropogenic activities ( e.g., fertilization). The inherent differences between bacteria and fungi indicate that they are likely to play distinct roles in the above processes. However, there still have been no reports on that, which is restricting our knowledge about the mechanisms underlying SOC decomposition. Methods A long-term nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) addition field experiment was conducted to assess their effects on soil microbial, fungal, and bacterial respiration (RM, RF, and RB, respectively) and temperature sensitivity (Q10; at 15 °C, 25 °C, and 35 °C) using cycloheximide and streptomycin to inhibit the growth of fungi and bacteria. Results We found that N suppressed RM and RF at all temperatures, but RB was only suppressed at 15 °C, regardless of the addition of P. The addition of N significantly decreased the ratio of RF/RM at 35 °C, and the combined NP treatment increased the Q10 of RB but not that of RF. Results of the redundancy analysis showed that variations in soil respiration were linked with NO 3 − -N formation, while the variations in Q10 were linked with SOC complexity. Long-term N addition suppressed RM by the formation of NO 3 − -N, and this was mediated by fungi rather than bacteria. The contribution of fungi toward SOC decomposition was weakened by N addition and increasing temperatures. Combined NP addition increased the Q10 of RB due to increased SOC complexity. The present study emphasizes the importance of fungi and the soil environment in SOC decomposition. It also highlights that the role of bacteria and SOC quality will be important in the future due to global warming and increasing N deposition.
Identification of a Novel Salmonella Invasion Locus Homologous to Shigella ipgDE

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Genes essential for Salmonella typhimurium invasion have been localized to Salmonella pathogenicity island 1 (SPI1) on the chromosome. However, it is clear that other genes are required for the invasion process. Mutations that abolish the SPI1 invasion type III secretion system do not significantly reduce invasion into Chinese hamster ovary tissue culture cells. Two invasion defective mutants were isolated by screening 2,500 Tn 10 dTc insertion mutants of S. typhimurium in the tissue culture invasion assay. One of the invasion mutants, SVM167, has an insertion between centisomes 24.5 and 25.5 in an operon homologous to the ipgDEF operon of the Shigella flexneri and Shigella sonnei virulence plasmid. A second mutant, SVM168, has an insertion in an IS 3 -type element with homology to the Salmonella enteritidis IS 1351 element and Yersinia enterocolitica IS 1400 element from a high-pathogenicity island. Further characterization of SVM167 showed that culture supernatants from this mutant lack a previously uncharacterized protein that is also missing from culture supernatants of a SPI1 mutant, suggesting it can be secreted by the SPI1 type III secretion system. In addition, transcription of this operon, sigDE ( Salmonella invasion gene), is dependent on the presence of sirA , an activator of hilA expression. HilA activates transcription of several of the SPI1 genes but does not appear to have a major role in activation of transcription from the sigDE promoter.
Comparatively exploring the neural navigation network when neuroimaging groups with different levels of vision while navigating virtual mazes with the virtual-EyeCane sensory substitution device

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Comparatively exploring the neural navigation network when neuroimaging groups with different levels of vision while navigating virtual mazes with the virtual-EyeCane sensory substitution device Amir Amedi;Shachar Maidenbaum;Daniel Chebat; International Journal of Psychology
Chest Wall Regional Anesthesia for Modified Radical Mastectomy and Axillary Lymph Node Dissection: A Case Report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Restrictive chest wall disorders impair cardiopulmonary physiology and pose anesthesia-related safety challenges. Regional anesthesia, as the primary anesthetic modality, may mitigate general anesthesia-related risks in such patients presenting for breast cancer surgery. We describe the use of chest wall fascial plane blocks as the primary anesthetic, combined with high-flow humidified nasal oxygen and low-dose propofol sedation, in a patient with complex comorbidities presenting for modified radical mastectomy and axillary lymph node dissection.
An outbreak of hepatitis B in members of a high school sumo wrestling club

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

SPREAD of hepatitis B virus (HBV) is due mainly to exposure to previously contaminated needles or infected blood, and transmission is also fostered by close contact with persons who are viremic with HBV. Although it is well recognized that chronic HBV carriers are the source of HBV in ongoing chains of infection, an exact mechanism of person-to-person transmission of HBV has not yet been clarified. We report an outbreak of hepatitis B in which the source of infection was traced to a sumo wrestler with HBV, and the transmission of the virus was due to skin contact while wrestling.

Hepatitis B Outbreak

In a one-year period (February 1979 to January 1980), hepatitis developed in five of ten members of a high school sumo wrestling club in Nakatsu City, Oita prefecture, Japan. Hepatitis developed in the first patient in mid-February 1979. The second case developed on July 3,1979, and the third
Adult or Infantile Polycystic Disease?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

To the Editor.—

In a recent issue of theArchives(137:1625-1626, 1977), Piering et al presented a case report of infantile polycystic kidney disease in a 27-year-old woman. They arrived at their diagnosis even though their patient reached adulthood harboring a disease that is almost invariably fatal during childhood or adolescence, and in spite of the fact that their patient demonstrated no evidence of hepatic fibrosis, a universal accompaniment of infantile polycystic disease. Moreover, the illustration of the intravenous urogram that accompanied their paper failed to demonstrate the expected "streaky" nephrogram found in infantile polycystic disease, but instead suggested the presence of multiple renal masses, a finding more in keeping with the adult variety of the disorder. Therefore, I believe there is reason to question the diagnosis that they have put forth. The authors do mention the possibility of adult polycystic disease, but dismiss it, as far as I can
The Neurocognition of Learning a Second Language in the Visual-Manual Modality

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Enrollment in signed language courses is on the rise around the world. In the United States, the most recent report from the Modern Language Association identified American Sign Language as the third most studied language among higher education students. Many principles regarding second language acquisition and pedagogy generalize to signed languages, but learning a visual-manual language also presents unique challenges that have only recently received empirical attention. This chapter reviews the growing literature on the acquisition of a visual-manual phonological system and grammar in adult learners of signed languages who have a native spoken language. Results from electrophysiology and neuroimaging are scarce but included where available. One theme that emerges is the need for more research to better understand the neural changes that support acquisition of signed languages; specific avenues for future research that would enrich our understanding of the neurocognition of second language acquisition more generally are proposed.