jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Lymphocyte subsets in epicardial, thymic and subcutaneous adipose tissue during advanced coronary atherosclerosis in patients with coronary artery disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The important role of epicardial (EAT) and thymic (TAT) adipose tissue in the development of atherosclerosis in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) is widely discussed. The purpose of the study was to investigate the lymphocyte subsets and FoxP3+Treg lymphocytes in epicardial, thymic and subcutaneous adipose tissue depending on the severity of coronary atherosclerosis in patients with chronic CAD. We examined 24 patients with CAD (21 men; mean age 65.0 (58.0-68.0) years) scheduled for open-heart surgery. In samples of EAT, TAT and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), the content of CD4+, CD8+, B lymphocytes, NK and NKT cells, CD4+CD25hiFoxP3+ and CD4+CD25lowFoxP3+T regulatory lymphocytes (Treg) and a proportion of Tregs with FoxP3 nuclear translocation was determined by imaging flow cytometry. Depending on the severity of atherosclerosis, assessed according to Gensini Score, patients were divided into groups: group 1 – patients with Gensini Score 65; group 2 – patients with Gensini Score ≥ 65. Patients in group 2 had higher frequency of EAT CD4+CD25lowTreg with FoxP3nuclear translocation, TAT CD8+T lymphocytes and NK cells, a lower content of TAT double positive CD4+CD8+T lymphocytes, and a tendency towards a decrease of frequency of TAT CD4+CD25hiTreg with FoxP3 nuclear translocation compared to patients in group 1. The level of nuclear translocation of FoxP3 in CD4+CD25hiTreg cells in TAT was inversely related to the proportion of CD8+T lymphocytes (rs = -0.653; p = 0.012) and NK cells (rs = -0.723; p = 0.003) in TAT, and directly – to the proportion of double positive CD4+CD8+T lymphocytes in TAT (rs = 0.567; p = 0.034) and the value of the waist-to-hip ratio (rs = -0.474; p = 0.041). Further research is required to study the molecular mechanisms of these relationships in patients with coronary atherosclerosis and chronic coronary artery disease.
ECOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF CARROT TRAIT VARIATION

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Recently, the particularities in carrot trait variation, namely root color and shape; carotene content; duration of vegetative period; resistance to diseases and pests have been established. But such traits as yield capacity, root marketability, root quality, long-storability as well as their genetic determination haven’t been well studied. Consequently, thorough study of genetically diverse accessions and the search for phenotypically well-identified traits are very actual tasks. The ecological and geographical study of carrot enables to reveal polymorphisms among cultivars, in order to use it in the breeding program. The study of collection accessions of local and foreign origin in contrasted conditions varying in temperature and water regimes revealed the significant variation of main biological and economically valuable traits, including root yield and quality. The root yield was substantially higher in Pushkin (Leningrad oblast) than in Vologda oblast. Comparatively stable yield and quality were shown in local cultivars: ‘Nanatskay Krasnaya’, ‘Princess’ and ‘Gribovskaya’. Very important requirement for highly marketable products is the cultivar resistance to disease and pests. There are no completely resistant genotypes to carrot psylla among accessions studied. Carrot accessions bearing resistance to the pest and also showing high productivity and quality were ‘Losinoostrovskaya 13’ (Russia), ‘Gavrilovskaya’ (Ukraine), ‘Feonia’ (Denmark), ‘New Model’ (UK), ‘Betina’ (the Netherlands) that can be used for breeding program. ‘Krasnaya Dlinnaya’ (Russia) and ‘Chantenay а Coeur Rouge’ (France) were comparatively resistant to powdery mildew.
[CRF-like immunoreactivities in mammalian brains examined with a radioimmunoassay for CRF].

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

A sensitive and useful radioimmunoassay for CRF was established using synthetic ovine CRF. CRF-like immunoreactivities of hypothalami in the bovine, human, rat, guinea pig, and mouse could be detected with this radioimmunoassay. A variety of CRF-like immunoreactivities of hypothalami in the mammalian brains led us to discuss a putative species difference of amino-acid structure in CRF. In the bovine, CRF-like immunoreactivities of the frontal cortex, caudate nucleus, putamen, and hippocampus could be detected in addition to CRF-like immunoreactivity of hypothalamus. These observations suggested a wide distribution of CRF in the central nervous system, and gave room for discussion about a physiological role of extrahypothalamic CRF. Gel chromatographic studies revealed a high-molecular-weight form of CRF-like immunoreactivity in the bovine frontal cortical profile that was not found in the hypothalamic profile. The results show a multiplicity of CRF-like immunoreactivity in the bovine brain.
The BBA-MBA Combination: Pierson, Gordon and Howell Revisited

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Many prominent MBA programs use the undergraduate degree as a criterion for admission purposes and attach less value to candidates with undergraduate degrees in business. These programs have been influenced by two classic studies on business education: the Gordon and Howell report and the Pierson report. The authors probe the wisdom under which these programs operate and conclude that admission policies should be re-examined. To examine these issues the authors conducted two studies. In one study, 70 on-campus recruiters at a major midwestern university participated in an experiment designed to examine industry attitudes toward alternative undergraduate preparation for MBA students. A second study surveyed recruiting directors of two sets of firms: Fortune 500 companies and on-campus MBA-recruiting companies at a major midwestern university. The investigation indicates a dramatic shift in tile perceptions of tile BBA-MBA combination by employers over the last 20 years. Employers now either have a strong preference for MBAs who have an undergraduate degree in business administration, or equate them to MBAs with other undergraduate majors.
Neuropathology in the LifeAfter90 Study: 2024 update on an Ethnically Diverse Cohort Study of Oldest‐Old

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract Background Examining the neuropathology of the oldest‐old has significantly advanced our understanding of the multiple etiologies in very late life. Most studies have included exclusively White decedents with limited ethnoracial diversity. Our goal was to characterize neuropathology in a cohort of ethnically and racially diverse oldest‐old decedents. Method The LifeAfter90 study is an ongoing cohort study of Kaiser Permanente Northern California members, aged 90+ with targeted recruitment of individuals across different racial/ethnic groups with no prior diagnosis of dementia in their medical record. Interviews and cognitive assessments occur approximately every 6 months. Brain donation was available to all interested consenting participants. Neuropathology was assessed using National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center Neuropathology forms and NIA‐AA guidelines diagnoses. Result As of January 2024, 340 participants (39%) have enrolled in autopsy (22% Asian, 18% African American, 17% Latino, 9% Multiracial/Other, and 34% White). Of the 340 participants, 91 had died and neuropathological evaluations were completed. The mean age of death was 95 years (range 90‐105), 51 (56%) were female, 12 Asian, 10 Black, 16 Latino, 44 White, and 8 Multiracial/Other. At final clinical exam, 25 participants had dementia (28%), 24 had cognitive impairment no dementia (CIND, 42%), and 41 had normal cognition (45%) (Table 1). Alzheimer disease (AD) and vascular pathologies were the most frequent findings (Figure & Table 2). Nineteen percent of participants did not have AD, one lacked neurofibrillary tangles (NFT). The most severe distributions/densities of NFTs and plaques were infrequent, with high likelihood of AD in only four participants. For vascular pathologies, 54% had moderate/severe white matter rarefaction and 76% had moderate/severe arteriolosclerosis. Thirty‐three percent had Lewy bodies, with six cases having diffuse type. Two cases had hippocampal sclerosis. One case had pathologic evidence of progressive supranuclear palsy and had dementia at last diagnosis. Conclusion This ethnoracially diverse cohort of over 90 oldest‐old individuals reveal numerous brain pathologies are present with advanced age, with AD and select vascular pathologies being the most common. This confirms previous findings that with increases in cognitive impairment there is increasing pathology severity especially for AD pathologies.
Functional Characterization of the VAC14 Self-Interaction Domain

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

PtdIns(3,5)P2 is a low-abundance signaling lipid present at < 0.1 % of total PtdIns lipids in yeasts and mammals. Reduced levels of PtdIns(3,5)P2 contributes to neurodegenerative disorders in humans and vacuolar defects in yeasts. Steady-state levels of PtdIns(3,5)P2 are dependent on both its rate of synthesis and turnover. In yeast, PtdIns(3,5)P2 is produced on the vacuole membrane by phosphorylation of PtdIns(3)P at the 5 position of its inositol ring by the Fab1 lipid kinase. Cells lacking Fab1 make no PtdIns(3,5)P2 and exhibit defects in vacuole morphology and function. The lipid phosphatase Fig4 counteracts Fab1 activity by turnover of PtdIns(3,5)P2 into PtdIns(3)P. Vac14 is a regulatory protein implicated in the synthesis and turnover of PtdIns(3,5)P2. It acts as an adaptor protein that controls both of Fab1 and Fig4 proteins. In addition, Vac14 exists as a multimer that allows for self-interaction. However, multimerization state of Vac14 as well as the domain responsible for self-interaction remained unknown. This study aimed to identify the self-interaction domain to elucidate its role in the assembly of the regulatory complex of PtdIns(3,5)P2. The observations seen in this study suggested that Vac14 self-interacts via multiple conserved motifs in the C-terminus, which are crucial for interaction with Fab1 and Fig4, and the normal morphology of yeast vacuoles.
A Bernstein-Type Inequality for the Jacobi Polynomial

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Let $P_n^{(\alpha ,\beta )}(x)$ be the Jacobi polynomial of degree n. For $- \frac {1}{2} \leq \alpha ,\beta \leq \frac {1}{2}$, and $0 \leq \theta \leq \pi$, it is proved that \[ {(\sin \frac {\theta }{2})^{\alpha + \frac {1}{2}}}{(\cos \frac {\theta }{2})^{\beta + \frac {1}{2}}}|P_n^{(\alpha ,\beta )}(\cos \theta )| \leq \frac {{\Gamma (q + 1)}}{{\Gamma (\frac {1}{2})}}\left ( {\begin {array}{*{20}{c}} {n + q} \\ n \\ \end {array} } \right ){N^{ - q - \frac {1}{2}}},\] where $q = \max (\alpha ,\beta )$ and $N = n + \frac {1}{2}(\alpha + \beta + 1)$. When $\alpha = \beta = 0$, this reduces to a sharpened form of the well-known Bernstein inequality for the Legendre polynomial.
EXPLORING SEROTONIN 1B AUTORECEPTOR MEDIATED REGULATION OF SEROTONIN TRANSPORTER IN FEMALE MICE

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Rationale: Serotonin (5-HT) is a crucial neurotransmitter involved in regulating various physiological processes. Dysregulation of the serotonergic system has been implicated in several neuropsychiatric disorders. Though numerous 5-HT receptors exist, the 5-HT transporter (SERT) is responsible for 5-HT clearance in the brain and periphery. 5-HT1Bautoreceptors regulate 5-HT release and interact with glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β), which can modulate SERT function via specific Ser44/48 phosphorylation sites. While these findings suggest a potential interplay between 5-HT1Band GSK3β-mediated SERT phosphorylation in regulating extracellular 5-HT, the primary causal molecular link remains unknown.\nObjectives: To investigate if 5-HT1B activation by the agonist CP-94253 influences SERT-mediated 5-HT clearance through GSK3β-dependent - SERT-Ser44/48 phosphorylation, and to examine regional and sex differences.\nMethods: 5-HT uptake assay and kinetic analysis performed with region-specific crude synaptosomes from female wild-type mice and SERT-A44/A48 knock-in mice, following CP-94253 treatment.\nResults: In wild-type female mice, CP-94253 treatment showed a non-significant enhancement of SERT-mediated 5-HT uptake in the striatum and hippocampus. Kinetic analyses revealed a significant increase in the Vmax of 5-HT uptake in the hippocampus. However, SERT S44A/S48A knock-in mice exhibited elevated SERT-mediated uptake even without treatment, and CP-94253 did not further increase uptake in these mice, suggesting the importance of these phosphorylation sites.\nConclusions: The loss of CP-94253-induced changes in uptake kinetics in the SERT S44A/S48A knock-in mice, in both the striatum and hippocampus, reinforces the critical role of these SERT phosphorylation sites in mediating the 5-HT1B receptor-GSK3β regulation of SERT function and 5-HT reuptake dynamics.
Modeling of Smart Heat Pump Using Thermoelectric and Electrocaloric Materials

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this study, a smart heat pump, which could be used for the cooling of electronics, made of the laminated structure of thermoelectric (TE) and electrocaloric (EC) materials is studied. A simple arrangement of two TE layers sandwiched with one EC layer is modeled. This smart heat pump utilized the newly developed EC materials of giant adiabatic temperature change and the TE materials of high figure of merit, which has the advantages of no moving parts, made of solid state, operable over large working temperature difference, and can be formed into very small size. The operation of the device is numerically modelled considering the three major parametric effects: EC operation as function of time, electric current applied on TE, and temperature difference between the hot and cold sinks. The results on Coefficient of Performance (COP) and heat flow per unit area are discussed. This study validates the feasibility of TE-EC-TE laminated structure heat pump, and extends the understanding by further discussing the performance of structures with more laminated layers.
The Crystal Structure\nof Necrosis- and Ethylene-Inducing\nProtein 2 from the Causal Agent of Cacao’s Witches’\nBroom Disease Reveals Key Elements for Its Activity

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The necrosis- and ethylene-inducing peptide 1 (NEP1)-like\nproteins\n(NLPs) are proteins secreted from bacteria, fungi and oomycetes, triggering\nimmune responses and cell death in dicotyledonous plants. Genomic-scale\nstudies of <i>Moniliophthora perniciosa</i>, the fungus\nthat causes the Witches’ Broom disease in cacao, which is a\nserious economic concern for South and Central American crops, have\nidentified five members of this family (termed MpNEP1–5). Here,\nwe show by RNA-seq that MpNEP2 is virtually the only NLP expressed\nduring the fungus infection. The quantitative real-time polymerase\nchain reaction results revealed that MpNEP2 has an expression pattern\nthat positively correlates with the necrotic symptoms, with MpNEP2\nreaching its highest level of expression at the advanced necrotic\nstage. To improve our understanding of MpNEP2’s molecular mechanism\nof action, we determined the crystallographic structure of MpNEP2\nat 1.8 Å resolution, unveiling some key structural features.\nThe implications of a cation coordination found in the crystal structure\nwere explored, and we show that MpNEP2, in contrast to another previously\ndescribed member of the NLP family, NLP<sub>Pya</sub> from <i>Pythium aphanidermatum</i>, does not depend on an ion to accomplish\nits necrosis- and electrolyte leakage-promoting activities. Results\nof site-directed mutagenesis experiments confirmed the importance\nof a negatively charged cavity and an unforeseen hydrophobic β-hairpin\nloop for MpNEP2 activity, thus offering a platform for compound design\nwith implications for disease control. Electron paramagnetic resonance\nand fluorescence assays with MpNEP2 performed in the presence of lipid\nvesicles of different compositions showed no sign of interaction between\nthe protein and the lipids, implying that MpNEP2 likely requires other\nanchoring elements from the membrane to promote cytolysis or send\ndeath signals.
Stabilizing an AC Link by Using Static Phase Shifters

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The paper presents a Hybrid-computer simulation study of the damping effectiveness of static phase shifters. Control strategies based on tie line power and frequency deviations feedback and utilizing fast acting static phase shifters to modulate tie line power flow are effective in damping power and frequency excursions. Implementing static phase shifters as a stability-enhancement technique could improve dynamic stability, hence, increase tie line power capacity.
FIBER FRAMEWORK REINFORCED COMPOSITE RESIN BRIDGE APPLICATIONS AS AN ALTERNATIVE PROCEDURE TO CLASSIC PROSTHODONTIC TREATMENTS: FOUR CASE REPORTS

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

In some situations like, economic failure, general health problems or patient’s fear to other more invasive operations, fiber-reinforced composite (FRC) resin bridge applications may be an alternative treatment method in single tooth missed cases. A variety of treatment modalities, from implants to conventional Maryland bridges, can be used for replacing missed single tooth. In this article the purpose was to report FRC bridge restorations of missed single tooth in four cases (who did not want expensive treatment options or have health problems) and to evaluate the short-term clinical performance of such applications. In four different patients with maxillar bilateral canine teeth absence, maxillar left second premolar tooth absence, maxillar left central incisor tooth absence and mandibular left central incisor absence the FRC adhesive bridges were designed and performed. The restorations have provided important benefits aesthetically, phonational and functional. These procedures were very effective in terms of patient satisfaction because of the fact that they were minimal invasive, conservative and economic. There were no clinical problem and patient dissatisfaction in any case after one year of follow-up
Establishment of a new peroxidase-positive human myeloid cell line, PL- 21

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract A myeloid cell line, designated PL-21, was established from the peripheral blood of a patient with acute promyelocytic leukemia. The PL- 21 cell line grew in single-cell suspension, with a doubling time of 48– 64 hr, and consisted of promyelocytes with fine immature nuclei and prominent azurophilic granules in the cytoplasm. PL-21 cells were positive for peroxidase, naphthol AS-D chloroacetate esterase, and Sudan Black B staining. Under the usual culture conditions, a small proportion of these cells differentiated into mature granulocytes, and this differentiation was enhanced by the addition of dimethyl sulfoxide in the culture medium. PL-21 cells had receptors for the Fc portion of IgG and complement, intracytoplasmic lysozyme and phagocytic activity, but lacked Epstein-Barr virus-associated nuclear antigen. Chromosome analysis of this cell line revealed a human male polyploid karyotype with 13q+ and double minute chromosomes. This new myeloid cell line may provide useful material for the study of proliferation and differentiation of human leukemia cells.
The efficacy and safety of platinum-based chemotherapy for ovarian cancer in pregnancy: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Ovarian cancer during pregnancy is a rare event. Little is known about the treatment of this condition due to lack of high level evidence. Therefore, we performed a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy and safety of platinum-based chemotherapy for the treatment of ovarian cancer during pregnancy. Methods: This systematic review has been registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022370709), which will be conducted in accordance with preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols 2015 statement. We will search 7 electronic databases to identify relevant studies from inception to October, 2022, which includes PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Clinical Trials Database, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database. The Cochrane Handbook for systematic reviews of interventions will be performed to assess a broad category of biases in the included studies. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation system will be used to judge the overall quality of evidence supporting outcomes in this work. Data are analyzed with the Review Manager Version 5.3 software. Results: The results of this meta-analysis would be submitted to peer-reviewed journals for publication. Conclusion: This paper will provide high-quality synthesis to assess the efficacy and safety of platinum-based chemotherapy for ovarian cancer in pregnancy.
Pazopanib and soft-tissue sarcomas. Too toxic.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Soft-tissue sarcomas are rare tumours of mesenchymal origin. Patients with metastatic disease have a median survival of about 10 months. Doxorubicin, an anthracycline, is often used to reduce tumour volume, but it does not prolong overall survival. Pazopanib, a multiple tyrosine kinase inhibitor already marketed for kidney cancer, is now licensed for the treatment of certain metastatic soft-tissue sarcomas when chemotherapy fails or when the disease progresses despite adjuvant or neoadjuvant therapy. Clinical evaluation of pazopanib in this setting is based on a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial in 369 patients whose tumours had progressed despite at least one line of chemotherapy, based on an anthracycline. In this trial, pazopanib did not provide a statistically significant increase in overall survival. The median survival time was about 12 months. A statistically significant increase in median progression-free survival was observed (4.6 versus 1.6 months, an increase of 3 months), based mainly on radiological criteria. Pazopanib did not improve quality of life. The adverse effect profile includes cardiovascular, gastrointestinal and hepatic disorders, and palmoplantar erythrodysaesthesia. Serious adverse effects are frequent. Other life-threatening adverse effects observed in patients with soft-tissue sarcoma include pneumothorax (especially in case of pulmonary metastasis), heart failure, venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism and hypothyroidism. In practice, given its lack of any proven impact on overall survival and its excessive toxicity, the use of pazopanib is not justified. It is better to focus on appropriate symptomatic care in order to preserve these patients' quality of life.