jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Pengaruh promosi, saluran distribusi dan kualitas pelayanan terhadap keputusan pembelian produk Valve PT Valmatic Indonesia

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This research was conducted at PT Valmatic, Indonesia, which is engaged in the distributor of valve products. This research was conducted to test and analyze the effect of promotion, distribution channels, and service quality on the purchase decision of valve products at PT Valmatic Indonesia. This research uses a quantitative, descriptive, and explanatory approach. The population of this study was 161 customers of PT. Valmatic Indonesia. To calculate the sample, the Slovin formula is used with a simple random sampling technique of 115 respondents and 30 respondents out of the sample for testing the validity and reliability. The data analysis method used is multiple linear regression analysis. The results showed that both simultaneously and partially promotion, distribution channels, and service quality had a positive and significant effect on the decision to purchase valve products at PT Valmatic Indonesia. Based on the coefficient of determination test, it can be seen the effect of the studied variables is 37, and the remaining% is influenced by other variables not examined that is equal to 62.4%. Penelitian ini diadakan di PT Valmatic Indonesia yang bergerak di bidang distributor produk valve. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menguji dan menganalisis pengaruh promosi, saluran distribusi dan kualitas pelayanan terhadap keputusan pembelian produk valve pada PT Valmatic Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif, deskriptif kuantitatif dan explanatory. Populasi penelitian ini adalah 161 pelanggan PT. Valmatic Indonesia. Untuk menghitung sampel digunakan rumus Slovin dengan teknik simple random sampling sebanyak 115 responden dan 30 responden diluar dari sampel untuk pengujian validitas dan reliabilitas. Metode analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi linear berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan baik secara simultan maupun secara parsial promosi, saluran distribusi dan kualitas pelayanan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian produk valve pada PT Valmatic Indonesia. Berdasarkan uji koefisien determinasi dapat diketahui besarnya pengaruh variabel yang diteliti adalah sebesar 37,% sisanya dipengaruhi oleh variabel lain yang tidak diteliti yaitu sebesar 62,4%.
Effect Of Negative Angle Cannulation During Cardiopulmonary Bypass – A Computational Fluid Dynamics Study

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Creation of emboli in the aortic root and changes in flow distribution between supra-aortic arteries and descending aorta can lead to stroke and perfusion related tissue damage during cardiopulmonary bypass. A thorough understanding of how the angle of cannulation affects the overall success of cardiopulmonary bypass during cannulation of the ascending aorta is needed. Previous simulation research has observed the effect of outflow cannula position by changing the location of the cannulation site to the subclavian artery and other vessels, as well as positions for innovative cannula designs. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the success of the procedure while using a straight cannula, modulating the angle of cannulation below horizontal in the frontal plane. A simplified geometry of the aorta was used. The success of the procedure was quantified by observing wall shear stress, normal stress, intra-fluid shear stress, and flow distribution. A numerical study was performed to solve the Reynolds Averaged Naiver Stokes governing equations, which were used in conjunction with a constant density fluid to simulate blood, and a realizable two-layer k-ε turbulence model.
Design Strategies for High Reflectivity Contrast and Stability Adaptive Camouflage Electrochromic Supercapacitors

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The integration of an electrochromic (EC), energy storage, and adaptive camouflage system into a multifunctional electronic device is highly desirable and yet challenging. In this work, two carbazole-based conjugated polymers were prepared to achieve a reversible color change from transparent to yellow, green, and blue-green by easy electrochemical polymerization. Due to its dendritic geometry, the conjugated polymer p3CBCB exhibits a loosely packed structure with a relatively higher specific surface area than pCBCB, as well as a relatively better ionic conductivity. The kinetic and galvanostatic charge–discharge (GCD) study reveals that p3CBCB has superior properties with larger optical contrast and volumetric capacitance. Moreover, EC supercapacitors (ECSCs) are constructed with p3CBCB as the EC layer and ZnO@PEDOT:PSS as the ion storage layer. The dual function of a ZnO interface layer on improvement in reflectivity contrast (ΔR% > 35.1%) and cycling stability (over 40,000 cycles) using ZnO as a reflective and protective layer is demonstrated in an ion storage layer. Additionally, patterned prototype devices based on the design of double-sided ITO glass were successfully assembled, which can simulate conditions of various natural environments including forests, wilderness, and deserts. This study provides new ideas not only for the preparation of conjugated polymers that can simultaneously realize reversible transparent-yellow-green conversion but also for the achievement of high coloration efficiency, high reflectivity contrast, and good stability of ECSCs for adaptive camouflage.
BER Analysis of Wavelength Division Multiplexing-Based Multiple Beam Scheduling Scheme Based on Gamma Approximation Channel

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we statistically analyze the BER performance of a threshold-based parallel multiple beam selection scheme for a free-space optical (FSO) based system with wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) in cases where a pointing error has occurred under Gamma turbulence conditions, which are a good approximation of Gamma-Gamma distribution. Our derived results based on the Gamma distribution as an approximation of the Gamma-Gamma distribution can be used as approximated performance measure (lower) bounds.
A corpus-based investigation of pitch contours of monosyllabic words in conversational Taiwan Mandarin

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In Mandarin, the tonal contours of monosyllabic words produced in isolation or in careful speech are characterized by four lexical tones: a high-level tone (T1), a rising tone (T2), a dipping tone (T3) and a falling tone (T4). However, in spontaneous speech, the actual tonal realization of monosyllabic words can deviate significantly from these canonical tones due to intra-syllabic co-articulation and inter-syllabic co-articulation with adjacent tones. In addition, Chuang et al. (2024) recently reported that the tonal contours of disyllabic Mandarin words with T2-T4 tone pattern are co-determined by their meanings. Following up on their research, we present a corpus-based investigation of how the pitch contours of monosyllabic words are realized in spontaneous conversational Mandarin, focusing on the effects of contextual predictors on the one hand, and the way in words' meanings co-determine pitch contours on the other hand. We analyze the F0 contours of 3824 tokens of 63 different word types in a spontaneous Taiwan Mandarin corpus, using the generalized additive (mixed) model to decompose a given observed pitch contour into a set of component pitch contours. We show that the tonal context substantially modify a word's canonical tone. Once the effect of tonal context is controlled for, T2 and T3 emerge as low flat tones, contrasting with T1 as a high tone, and with T4 as a high-to-mid falling tone. The neutral tone (T0), which in standard descriptions, is realized based on the preceding tone, emerges as a low tone in its own right, modified by the other predictors in the same way as the standard tones T1, T2, T3, and T4. We also show that word, and even more so, word sense, co-determine words' F0 contours. Analyses of variable importance using random forests further supported the substantial effect of tonal context and an effect of word sense.
ChemInform Abstract: Reinvestigation of IR‐Induced Conformational Isomerizations of 1,2‐ Ethanediol in Low‐Temperature Ar Matrices and Reverse Reaction in the Dark.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Synovial tissue atlas in juvenile idiopathic arthritis reveals pathogenic niches associated with disease severity

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Precision application of targeted therapies is urgently needed to improve long-term clinical outcomes for children affected by inflammatory arthritis, known as juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). Progress has been hampered by our limited understanding of the cellular basis of inflammation in the target tissue of the disease, the synovial membrane. Here, we analyzed biopsies from the inflamed joints of treatment-naïve children with JIA, early in the course of their disease, using single-cell RNA sequencing, multiplexed immunofluorescence, and spatial transcriptomics to establish a cellular atlas of the JIA synovium. We identified distinct spatial tissue niches, composed of specific stromal and immune cell populations. In addition, we localized genes linked to arthritis severity and disease risk to effector cell populations, including tissue resident SPP1 + macrophages and fibrin-associated myeloid cells. Combined analyses of synovial fluid and peripheral blood from matched individuals revealed differences in cellular composition, signaling pathways, and transcriptional programs across these distinct anatomical compartments. Furthermore, our analysis revealed several pathogenic cell populations that are shared with adult-onset inflammatory arthritis, as well as age-associated differences in tissue vascularity, prominence of innate immunity, and enrichment of TGF-β–responsive stromal subsets that up-regulate expression of disease risk–associated genes. Overall, our findings demonstrate the need for age-specific analyses of synovial tissue pathology to guide targeted treatment strategies in JIA.
Proof of the existence of the axial-to-planar channeling transition in a simple crystal model

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Consider a fast nonrelativistic, positively charged particle (ion) traversing a crystal, assumed to be simple cubic and monatomic for simplicity. Let the Cartesian coordinates X1,X2,X3 be parallel to the crystal axes, and ηi be the initial value of the component of the particle’s momentum vector along Xi. If ∣η3∣ is sufficiently large compared to ∣η1∣,∣η2∣, then (under mild technical assumptions) the ion’s motion is well approximated for a long time by a solution of the equations of motion (EOM) of the axial-continuum Hamiltonian H¯, obtained from the ion’s nonrelativistic Hamiltonian H by replacing the potential V(X1,X2,X3), describing its interaction with the atoms of the crystal, by its average V¯(X1,X2) over X3. Furthermore, if ∣η2∣,∣η3∣ are sufficiently large compared with ∣η1∣,∣η2∣, respectively, then to a good approximation its motion is given, again for a long time, by a solution of the EOM of the planar continuum Hamiltonian H̿, obtained from H¯ by replacing V¯(X1,X2) by its average V̿(X1) over X2. We define motions of the first (respectively, second) type as axial (respectively, planar) channeling. In this paper, the transition from the first to the second kind of motion, occurring when the crystal is suitably rotated, is discussed in a mathematically rigorous way by using an improved version of first-order single-phase averaging theory.
Enhanced Prediction of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia in Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury Using Advanced Machine Learning Techniques

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients poses a significant mortality risk and imposes a considerable financial burden on patients and healthcare systems. Timely detection and prognostication of VAP in TBI patients are crucial to improve patient outcomes and alleviate the strain on healthcare resources. Methods: We implemented six machine learning models using the MIMIC-III database. Our methodology included preprocessing steps, such as feature selection with CatBoost and expert opinion, addressing class imbalance with the Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (SMOTE), and rigorous model tuning through 5-fold cross-validation to optimize hyperparameters. Key models evaluated included SVM, Logistic Regression, Random Forest, XGBoost, ANN, and AdaBoost. Additionally, we conducted SHAP analysis to determine feature importance and performed an ablation study to assess feature impacts on model performance. Results: XGBoost outperformed the baseline models and the best existing literature. We used metrics, including AUC, Accuracy, Specificity, Sensitivity, F1 Score, PPV, and NPV. XGBoost demonstrated the highest performance with an AUC of 0.940 and an Accuracy of 0.875, which are 23.4% and 23.5% higher than the best results in the existing literature, with an AUC of 0.706 and an Accuracy of 0.640, respectively. This enhanced performance underscores the models' effectiveness in clinical settings. Conclusions: This study enhances the predictive modeling of VAP in TBI patients, improving early detection and intervention potential. Refined feature selection and advanced ensemble techniques significantly boosted model accuracy and reliability, offering promising directions for future clinical applications and medical diagnostics research.
V.: Efficient Inference in Fully Connected CRFs with Gaussian Edge Potentials

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This document provides detailed derivations for the mean field approximation and our learning algorithm. 1 Mean Field Approximation Let’s recall the general fully connected CRF model, E(x) = ∑ ψu(xi) + ∑ ψp(xi, xj). (1) i Throughout this supplement, the indices i and j range from 1 to N. The pairwise edge potential ψp(xi, xj) is defined as a linear combination of Gaussian kernels k (m) (fi, fj): ψp(xi, xj) = µ(xi, xj) K∑ m=1 i&lt;j w (m) k (m) (fi, fj). (2) The Gibbs distribution is given by P (X) = 1 Z ˜ P (X) = 1 Z exp ψu(xi) + ∑ ψp(xi, xj) ⎠ (3) where the partition function is defined as Z = ∑ x ˜ P (x). Let’s define an approximate distribution Q(X) = ∏ i Qi(Xi) as a product of independent marginals Qi(Xi) over each variable in the CRF. For notational clarity we use Qi(Xi) to denote the marginal over variable Xi, rather than the more commonly used Q(Xi). The mean field approximation models a distribution Q(X) that minimizes the KL-divergence D(Q‖P) [1]: D(Q‖P) = ∑ Q(x)
Application of Formal Methods in Development of Information Systems

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

During the 1960s IS community faced the failure of unsuccessful development of complex information systems, in spite of heaving large computers and higher programming languages available. This situation is known as “software crisis” and solution is recommended at conferences sponsored by NATO in 1968. and 1969. After participants have come up with the conclusion that more engineer-like discipline is needed in IS development, the term “software engineering” was introduced. Software engineering was based upon some formal methods that should be used in software development process. Since then philosophy that underpins the formal methods hasn’t changed. Numerous methods and methodologies have been developed for supporting the IS development in last three decades. Majority, if not all of them, are based on common foundations provided by formal methods. However, the importance of formal methods decreased as development of structured methods shifted from programming to the analysis of IS, because analysis doesn’t look so “formal”. Great number of IS developers nowadays use contemporary IS development methods without even being aware of formalism that lay inside these methods. On the other side, one of preconditions for efficient implementation of IS development methods is “understanding” the formalism without which these methods couldn’t be developed.
Security Sector Reform: a new framework for security assistance? : the Security-Development Nexus' impact on policies towards the South

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The objective of this thesis is to investigate the security-development nexus' impact on donor policies towards fragile and post-conflict states in the South. The thesis focuses on the post-Cold War international security and development architecture, and on security sector reform (SSR) in particular. It applies a comprehensive discourse theoretical framework to investigate discursive change, the relation between discourse and materiality, and the relation between SSR's normative framework and its implementation in practice. The Liberian SSR process functions as the focal point of the analysis.
Intraoperative neuroelectrophysiological monitoring of cerebral blood supply after parent-artery occlusion during intracranial aneurysm surgery

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To investigate the value of neuroelectrophysiological monitoring in determining cerebral ischemia during temporary arterial occlusion (TAO) of parent vessels in intracranial aneurysm clipping.Methods TAO of parent vessels was performed in 63 patients undergoing intracranial aneurysm clipping.Intraoperative somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP) and electroencephalogram (EEG) were performed for real-time monitoring.The effect of TAO of parent vessels on neuroelectrophysiological indexes was observed.Results Cerebral infarction were happened in 12 cases after surgery.①Nine of 16(56.2%) patients whose intraoperative P40 decreased ≥50% had cerebral infarction,3 of 47(6.4%) patients whose intraoperative P40 decreased 50% had cerebral infarction,the probability of occurring postoperative cerebral infarction increased significantly.The incidence of cerebral infarction was statistical significance between two groups(P0.01).②In 9 cases (14%)who had electroencephalogram changes,8 cases returned to normal state 2 min later after unclamping or adjusting blockade clamps and 1 case returned about 80% after surgery.The EEG mainly revealed a slight decrease in α wave,the θ wave increased 30% to 40%,and the δ wave amplitude had no significant change.③The duration of TAO of the parent vessels in 63 patients were 3 to 59 minutes.Twenty-three patients whose occlusion time 16 minutes did not had cerebral infarction;12 of 40 patients whose occlusion time ≥16 minutes had cerebral infarction.Conclusion Intraoperative monitoring the changes of SEP and the changes of EEG may provide important information for the state of cerebral ischemia in the blocked areas and tolerance of the brain,provide important informations of TAO for surgeons,and provide important warning for avoiding postoperative cerebral infarction.
Platycodon D-induced A549 Cell Apoptosis through RRM1-Regulated p53/VEGF/MMP2 Pathway

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Background: Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Platycodin D (PD), a major pharmacological constituent from the Chinese medicinal herb named Platycodonis Radix, has shown potent anti-tumor activity. Also, it is reported that PD could inhibit cellular growth in the non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) A549 cell line. However, the underlying mechanism is not fully clarified. Methods: Cell proliferation was measured by MTT assay. Annexin V and propidium iodide (PI) assay were employed to study the apoptosis effects of PD on A549 cells. Western blot analysis was used to evaluate protein expression. Also, we used a siRNA against p53, as well as a plasmid-based RRM1 over-expression to investigate their functions. Results: It is demonstrated that PD inhibited A549 cell proliferation in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Further investigations showed that PD induced cell apoptosis, which was supported by dose-dependent and time-dependent caspase-3 activation and p53/VEGF/MMP2 pathway regulation. Also, PD demonstrated the inhibition effect of ribonucleotide reductase M1 (RRM1), whose role in various tumors is contradictory. Remarkably, in this work, RRM1 overexpression in A549 cells could have a negative impact on the regulation of the p53/VEGF/MMP2 pathway induced by PD treatment. Note that RRM1 overexpression also attenuated cell apoptosis and inhibition of cell proliferation of A549 treated with PD. Conclusion: The results suggested that PD could inhibit A549 cell proliferation and induce cell apoptosis by regulating p53/VEGF/MMP2 pathway, in which RRM1 plays an important role directly.
Exploring Teaching and Learning Experience during COVID-19 Pandemic in Engineering Education

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The education system is continuously modernizing by accommodating the need due to the industrial revolution. Various teaching modes are also introduced including a diverse range of students, particularly in engineering education. The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted normal education worldwide, forced to shut down campus activity for an extended period which forced Universities to adopt alternative approaches to continue student’s academic year. Engineering education faced significant challenges to find a realistic substitution for lab-based hands-on activity as well as group or team-based learning experiences. It is therefore very important to know the challenges and ways to address them. This paper evaluates the teaching and learning experiences observed in engineering education in Australia and abroad during the COVID-19 period compared to the pre-COVID period. The key motivation of this study is to identify key challenges arises due to COVID-19, develop Teaching & Learning (T & L) approaches to address these challenges and evaluate the effectiveness of the applied changes in the T & L approach, identify shortcomings, and find ways to improve them. The student feedback on selected engineering units have been collected from Deakin and Murdoch university in Australia to evaluate the performances of the applied changes. This data is considered as an authentic source of information to compare and identify the key challenges and effectiveness for students’ learning in pre-COVID and during COVID condition. This study later explored various literatures to gather experiences from other universities across the globe and by analysing all findings including academic experiences finally developed constructive recommendations for improvement. It is found that the current form of online mode of teaching has room to improve further as one segment of students finds it challenging and some others like a few approaches. It is also found that the online infrastructure, staff skills to innovate new unit designs, and motivating students are the other challenging areas. Therefore, a new teaching and learning framework is required to overcome all the challenges for future learning.