jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A discrete population game model of vaccination exploring the role of individuals' risk perceptions in the invasion of a mutant strain

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Novel strains emerge every year and cause seasonal flu epidemic. These variants exhibit differences in antigenicity and may escape immunity from vaccines and thus invade the population. Here, we devise a discrete population game model of vaccination and transmission of two strains – a resident and a relatively rare mutant – to explain the influence of social behaviour, specifically vaccinating behaviour on the emergence of the mutant strain in the population. Our integrated framework of behaviour-prevalence model exhibits time evolution of two strategic interactions such as individuals' perceived vaccination risk and probability of infection, where both declines as more and more individuals vaccinate in the population. Numerical simulation and analysis of the model show that the predominant Nash strategy allows invasion of the mutant strain under very disparate individuals perceived disease risks from these two pathogens and relatively lower vaccine efficacy against the mutant. The model also demonstrates that invasion of the mutant has a nonlinear dependence on epidemiological characteristics such as the relative force of infection, cross-immunity, perceived cost of treatment and vaccine efficacy. This study exemplifies that adaptive social behaviour is an important component of public health strategic decision-making during the control of the flu-like epidemic.
THE BAERMANN TECHNIQUE FOR ESTIMATING PROTOSTRONGYLUS INFECTION IN BIGHORN SHEEP: EFFECT OF LABORATORY PROCEDURES

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

The modified Baermann funnel technique was evaluated to determine the effects of time of baermannization, fecal preparation, type and size of funnel, and type of filter on the number of first stage larvae of Protostrongylus spp. recovered from feces of Rocky Mountain bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis). More larvae were recovered when fecal pellets were baermannized for 24 hr compared to 8 hr, and when feces were crushed than when left intact. Use of small funnels resulted in the recovery of more larvae per gram of feces than larger funnels, and glass funnels more than plastic ones. There was no difference in recovery of larvae between cheesecloth filters and cellulose filters.
Effect of high blood pressure on thyroid and lipid profile of pregnant women

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Hypertension is common medical problem encountered during pregnancy, complicating up to 10% pregnancies. Hypertension is defined as the systolic blood pressure ≤140 mmHg and a diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg on two separate measurements at least 4-6 hours apart. During pregnancy thyroid demand changes with increased iodine uptake and synthesis of thyroid hormone. Serum from pre-eclamptic women had both a higher ratio of free fatty acid to albumin and increase up take of free fatty acids, which are further esterified to triglyceride. The aim of the present study was to evaluate thyroid hormone, lipid profile and urine albumin in hypertensive pregnant women and its comparison with normotensive pregnant womenMethods: Total 90 samples were collected from Beri Maternity Hospital and Civil Hospital, Amritsar. Blood samples were analysed for biochemical parameters viz. lipid profile and thyroid profile. Urine samples were also analysed for presence of albumin.Results: From the study it has been revealed that thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels increased in hypertensive pregnant women mean (4.26±1.1µ/ml). The total cholesterol (234.56±14.2mg/dl), triglyceride (138±16.96mg/dl), HDL (50.7±7.4mg/dl), LDL (156.2±17.11mg/dl) and VLDL (27.7±3mg/dl) was found altered in hypertensive pregnancy as compared to normotensive pregnancy. The albumin excretion was seen in 13.3% hypertensive pregnancies.Conclusions: TSH were elevated in hypertensive pregnant women due to the effects of estrogen. Among all the parameters of lipid profile, total cholesterol, TG, LDL and VLDL has been increased significantly in hypertensive pregnant women as compared to normotensive pregnant women due endothelial dysfunction.
<title>Compact and extensible optical interconnect module for a free-space optical backplane</title>

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The design of a set of optics for a free-space digital optical backplane is presented. The optical system is designed to interconnect smart pixel chips using reflective modulators flip-chip bonded to CMOS circuitry. It consists of arrays of diffractive minilenses forming a 4f system around successive polarizing beamsplitter cubes. The minilenses between the optical power supply and the modulators are transmissive and on-axis, while those for the detectors are reflective and off-axis and emulate microprisms for beamsteering. The minilenses are augmented by microlens arrays for final focusing onto the clustered modulator windows. The optical module described has low loss, is highly compact and using f/4 diffractive optics supports 515 smart pixels/cm2 for a chip size of 1 cm2, giving a connection density of 2060/cm2. Given flexibility in chip layout, this can be raised to a connection density of 4500/cm2. Detailed analysis shows that the system meets performance targets set by considering present electronic backplanes, while conforming to the fabrication limitations of diffractive optics.
The Effect of Fermented Soybean Meal on The Growth Performance of Kampong Chickens

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract The present study evaluated the effect of dietary soybean meal (SBM) fermented with Bacillus subtilis and Aspergillus niger on the performance of kampong chickens measured at eight weeks. Ninety birds at 21 d (210±3.69 gram) were used for the experiment. The birds were randomly separated into three treatment groups consisting of six replicates, with five birds per replicate. The treatments were without steam conditioning and fermentation (P0), where the two other groups were fermented with Bacillus subtilis (P1) and Aspergillus niger (P2). Basal diets were based on corn-soybean with crude protein (CP) of 16% and metabolism energy (ME) of 2800 Kcal. The result showed that dietary SBM fermented with Bacillus subtilis and Aspergillus niger increased average daily gain (ADG), final body weight (BW), and decreased feed conversion when compared to control (P<0.05). In conclusion, the present study suggested that replacing SBM with fermented soybean meal increased performance without negatively affecting the feed intake of kampong chickens.
Linear Instability of Liquid Sheets Subjected to a Transverse Electric Field

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract A temporal linear instability analysis was performed for a liquid sheet moving around the inviscid gas in transverse electrical field. The fluid was described by the leaky-dielectric model, which is more complex and more comparable to the liquid electrical properties than existing models. As a result, the sinuous and the varicose modes exist, in which the dimensionless dispersion relation between wave number and temporal growth rate can be derived as a 3 × 3 matrix. According to this relationship, the effects of liquid properties on sheet instability were performed. It was concluded that, as the electrical Euler number (Eu), the ratio of gas-to-liquid density (ρ), Weber number (We), Reynolds number (Re), and the relative relaxation time (τ) increased, the instability of the sheet was enhanced. This work also compared the leaky-dielectric model with the perfect conductor model and found that the unstable growth rate in the leaky-dielectric model was higher than the one in the perfect conductor model. Moreover, as the ratio of gas-to-liquid improved, this difference decreased. Finally, an energy approach was adopted to investigate the instability mechanism for the two models.
Slot Machine Payback Percentages: The Devil is in the MomentS

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The average payback percentage from slot machines is important to gamblers, casinos and governments. While apparently simple to define several complications can exist, among them which measure to average and potentially misleading formulas to calculate the average. Daily slot machine data from the state of Maryland for 19 months are analyzed for the expected value of the average payback ratio per machine and per dollar gambled. On a per dollar gambled basis, the payback percentage meets legislative requirements that the gaming floor payback be at least 90 percent. On a per machine basis, that requirement is not met which can imply a significant shift of money from gamblers to casino operators and the state. Other payback measures are hypothesized to also be less than the per-dollar gambled measure but data are lacking.
The Dominance of Subconscious Thinking in Shireihou's Novel Obsessive Loves

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Women are the most potential victims of sexual harassment. What is often overlooked in the issue of sexual harassment is the psychological condition of women. Women victims of sexual harassment should get special attention from the surrounding environment because victims will experience trauma. One of the traumas that can be experienced by female victims of sexual abuse is traumatic pistanthrophobia. Pistanthrophobia is an excessive fear of trusting others. This study aims to determine the personality characteristics of female characters who experience traumatic pistanthrophobia psychoanalysis by Sigmund Freud in the novel Obsessive Loves by Shireishou. The research method used is descriptive qualitative. The data collection techniques used are tapping techniques and recording techniques. Researchers will tap into the meaning of Shireishou's novel Obsessive Loves by reading it carefully and repeatedly. The results of this study show that the personality characteristics of Syaira characters are seen in two aspects, namely, the dominance of subconscious thinking and the meaning of dreams. The dominance of subconscious thinking makes Syaira often hallucinate, daydream excessively, and ignore others. The sexual incident committed by his uncle to Syaira had a big impact on Syaira'smindset.
Carburising behaviour of low carbon steel with nanocrystalline surface layer induced by ball milling

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Ball milling, as a surface nanocrystallisation method, was employed to investigate the influence of severe plastic deformation on the carburisation treatment performed on low carbon steel. The results indicated an enhancement in the carburisation efficiency as a result of surface milling. This enhancement was attributed to the formation of a nanocrystalline layer in the surface of the treated samples. It was found that the main reasons for the accelerated kinetics of the carburisation process would be the considerable amounts of non-equilibrium defects and the finer austenite grains in the early and later stages of the treatment respectively, which facilitate the carbon diffusion.
Virulence and Pathogenicity of Infectious Salmon Anemia Virus Isolated from Farmed Salmon in Atlantic Canada

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Infectious salmon anemia virus (ISAV) was isolated from farmed Atlantic salmon Salmo salar associated with an outbreak of hemorrhagic kidney syndrome in the Bay of Fundy, Canada. The virus induced cytopathic effects in salmon head kidney cell line SHK-1 from Atlantic salmon and was positively confirmed as ISAV by an indirect fluorescent antibody test and by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Atlantic salmon parr injected with ISAV from the SHK-1 line experienced significant reductions in hematocrits as early as 5 d postinfection (DPI). Mortality began 17 DPI and reached 76% by 24 DPI at a water temperature of 11°C. In a second trial, similarly high mortality occurred in salmon parr injected with 10-fold dilutions of supernatant from ISAV-infected SHK-1 cultures. The ISAV was reisolated from eight randomly selected salmon that died after experimental infection. Microscopic pathological changes among infected fish included congestion and necrosis, seen in the livers from 7 of 19 samples and in the kidney from 1 of 18 salmon examined. Other tissues affected included gill, intestine, and pyloric caeca. The absence of microscopic lesions in the remaining experimentally infected fish could not be explained. Further studies are therefore needed to better understand the factors contributing to pathological changes after natural or experimental infection.
Crop carbon contribution to the soil with different cropping and livestock systems

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT: The level of organic matter or carbon in agricultural soils depends on additions from crop residues and manures and on losses from erosion and decomposition. The supply of C to soils is dependent on biomass yields, harvest index, and the proportion of feed C retained in the manure with different crops. A simple mathematical procedure was used to estimate quantities of C supplied to the soil with different livestock systems. This procedure involved the partitioning of C into residue, root, and animal components. Mere were uncertainties, however, about the quantities of C originating from crop roots and C losses during manure storage. Two typical livestock farm systems were compared; a swine system emphasizing grain crops, and a dairy system with grain and forage crops each in a typical rotation. This study revealed that manure contributes a relatively small proportion of the C to soil compared to crop roots and residue, especially in swine systems, unless straw bedding is included. The total quantity of C supplied to the soil was generally greater with the dairy system, primarily because of the inclusion of a legume/grass crop in the rotation.
A Study on Cantilever-Type FePd/PZT Stacked-Layer Magnetic Sensor with High Sensitivity

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The FePd/PZT/FePd and the FePd/PZT stacked-layer magnetic sensors were studied. A magnetic field was applied to the longitudinal direction of the sensor to cause a longitudinal stress magnetostrictively, which produces a piezoelectric output voltage in the PZT layer. The prototype sensors are 15 mm long and 6 mm wide and the thicknesses of the FePd layer and PZT layer are 10 µm and 330 µm, respectively. The theoretical sensitivities of the FePd/PZT/FePd sensor and the FePd/PZT sensor using a simple cantilever model were calculated to be 0.29 mV/A/m and 0.15 mV/A/m, respectively. The measured sensitivities agreed reasonably with the calculated ones.
Is Desvenlafaxine Effective for Reducing Hot Flashes In Postmenopausal Females

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this selective Evidence Based Medicine (EBM) review is to determine whether or not Desvenlafaxine is effective in reducing daily hot flashes in postmenopausal females.\nSTUDY DESIGN: Review of three primary randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published after the year 2000 in the English language.\nDATA SOURCES: Three double-blind, randomized controlled trials were found using PubMed and EBSCOhost Web. All trials selected compared treatment with Desvenlafaxine to a visually matched placebo.\nOUTCOMES MEASURED: Patients completed daily diary cards on which they recorded the number and severity of daily hot flashes from the screening period through the 12 weeks of therapy. Patients completed self-administered questionnaires at baseline and after 12 weeks of treatment: Profile of Mood States, Work Limitations, Menopause Symptoms Treatment Satisfaction, Sexual Functioning, EuroQuality of Life Visual Analog Scale, Greene Climacteric Scale (GCS).\nRESULTS: All three RCTs demonstrated a statistically significant reduction in the number of moderate to severe daily hot flashes in postmenopausal women receiving treatment with Desvenlafaxine compared to those receiving the placebo.\nCONCLUSION: The results of the RCTs evaluated suggest Desvenlafaxine is effective in reducing the daily number of moderate-severe hot flashes in postmenopausal women.
Effects of CO_2 Doubling on Leaf Chlorophyll and Chlorophyll-Protein Complexes in Cymbidium goeringii Rchb.f.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

[Objective]The research aimed to study the method of Cymbidium goeringil adapting to environmental change.[Method] The effects of high CO2 concentration on the chlorophyll and chlorophyll-protein complexes of Cymbidium goeringii leaves were studied.[Result]Compared with the normal CO2 concentration(370±50 μl/L),the contents of chlorophyll and chlorophyll-protein increased at high CO2 concentration(700±50 μl/L).The contents of polymer state of PSⅡlight-harvesting chlorophyll a/b-protein complex(LHCⅡ) increased as the monomer state of LHCⅡdecreased.The changes of the contents of chlorophyll and chlorophyll-protein,and the state of LHCⅡin Cymbidium goeringii were an adaptive effects of plant photosynthetic mechanism to the long term elevated CO2.[Conclusion] These changes increased the efficiency of the absorption,transfer and conversion of light energy in plant photosynthesis,and support the high efficiency of photosynthetic carbon assimilation.
Morphometric Analysis of Celiac Mesenteric Trunk in Computed Tomography Images and a Review of the Literature

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aim:Evaluation of the frequency of variation and morphometric findings of the rare Celiac mesenteric trunk (CMT) in Tekirdağ province using computed tomography (CT) images.Materials and Methods:A study population containing 1,919 patients (1,313 males, 606 females; mean age 60.47±14.88 years) with any indication of CT angiographic examination was reviewed retrospectively. The length, diameter, vertical and horizontal angles and orientations (upward, downward, right-sided, left-sided), the level of origin from abdominal aorta and their types were analyzed.Results:Twenty-three (1.19%) CMT patients were detected. In vertical angle evaluation 20 (87%) cases had downward and three (13%) had upward orientations. In horizontal angle assessment 11 (47.8%) cases had right-sided and 12 (52.2%) had left-sided orientations. 60% of type 1 CMT cases had right-sided orientation, while 75% of type 2 cases had left-sided orientation and in both of types, the majority part had downward orientation. Fifteen (65.22%) cases were type 1 and 8 (34.78%) cases were type 2. There was a negative weak correlation between the length and diameter of CMT (p=0.048, r=-0.417). The most common level of origin of CMT was in L1-L2 level (30.4%). The most common level in type 1 was L1-L2 (40%, n=6), while L1 and L1-inferior-end-plate with the same distribution were in type 2 (37.5%).Conclusion:In CMT, especially in terms of prior to surgical planning and arterial interventional procedures morphometric assessment is highly important. In this study, CMTs were found to be mostly type 1, as well as downward (17 degrees±14.28) and left-sided (73 degrees±6.88) orientation.
On To Wards a World Theology

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

For Wilfred Cantwell Smith, to understand religion is to understand— transculturally and critically self-consciously (TWT, 60)—what he considers to be constitutive of our full humanity (e.g., 51). His data come from all of religious history, seen 'whole' so far as possible, but seen from the perspective of participants in one or other religious tradition, not from outside or somehow from above (44, 49). Through such understanding, Christians are expected to become more Christian, Buddhists more Buddhist, humanists more humanist, and so on. They become such by discovering the cross-cultural currents in the one river of life which moves us all along (26). The philosophical inspiration for Smith's foundational contrast between cumulative tradition and personal faith is Buber's classic conception of lch und Du (40, 143). In Towards a World Theology, however, as I shall point out, Smith's mature position echoes themes more often associated with Hegel or Whitehead (37, 193).2 It remains to be seen how successfully he holds the two strands together—the personalist/existentialist and the holistic/evolutionary—in his accounts of the humane and transcendent, i.e., the terms which, with faith, prove key
Unwanted biofilms: report from the discussion session

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Research Article| October 01 1995 Unwanted biofilms: report from the discussion session Hans-Curt Flemming; Hans-Curt Flemming *Lehrstuhl für Wassergüte-und Abfallwirtschaft der TU München, Am Coulombwall, 85748 Garching, Germany Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Luis Melo Luis Melo **Luis Melo, University of Minho-Bioengineering, Largo do Paco, 4700 Braga, Portugal Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Water Sci Technol (1995) 32 (8): 267–268. https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.1995.0316 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Cite Icon Cite Permissions Search Site Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsThis Journal Search Advanced Search Citation Hans-Curt Flemming, Luis Melo; Unwanted biofilms: report from the discussion session. Water Sci Technol 1 October 1995; 32 (8): 267–268. doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.1995.0316 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex This content is only available as a PDF. © IWA Publishing 1995 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Relative remote rural areas (RRRA)in developed regions: an analysis of the Emilia-Romagna region to support policy decision making

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper addresses the identification and the analysis of the remote rural areas (RRA) that should be at the center of future regional development policies for periphery areas in averagely highly developed territories, such as the Emilia-Romagna region. However, since none of the areas of the region can be defined lagging or underdeveloped when compared with the EU 25 countries, it is introduced the concept of “Relative” Remote Rural Area (RRRA) which partially could recall the semi-periphery in the theoretical scheme of Immanuel Wallestrein or the trasition area of Friedmann. Methodologically, the investigation is done both by using as a basis an intermediate geographical level that can be considered in line with the NUTS4 one: the SLL (Local Working Systems) identified by the Italian Institute of Statistics (ISTAT), and by a NUTS5-level cluster analysis performed using a selection of indicators, which includes demographic, socio-economic, employment, agricultural, infrastructure and commuting patterns. This work led to the identification and mapping of a set of municipalities that show the higher remote & rural features of the region. The Province of Ferrara resulted the NUTS3 level with the highest RRRA. After a discussion upon the main characteristics of this areas, preliminary policy indications for these territories are given.