jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Abstract 15: Hypoxia As Therapy For MitochondRial Injury Following Cardiac Arrest

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Mitochondrial injury occurs following cardiac arrest (CA) and contributes to myocardial stunning and anoxic brain injury. Hypoxia has been proposed as a therapeutic strategy for neurodegenerative diseases associated with mitochondrial respiration defects, but its benefits in the post-CA setting remain unexplored. Here, we hypothesized mild hypoxia as therapy for post-CA mitochondrial injury. Methods and Results: Mice underwent brief asystolic CA (12 min) followed by cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). One hour following successful CPR, mice were randomized to receive a brief episode (6 hours) of hyperoxia (33% O 2 ), normoxia (21% O 2 ), or hypoxia (10% O 2 ) in an environmental chamber. Post exposure, the mice were returned to room air (21% O 2 ). Hypoxia improved myocardial fractional shortening compared to normoxia and hyperoxia (Hypoxia: 45.6±2.3 %, Normoxia: 40.0±0.8 %, Hyperoxia: 29.0±4.0 %, n=5, P<0.05, respectively). Hypoxia also elevated neurological scores (Hypoxia: 8.4±1.3, Hyperoxia: 5.6±1.2, n=5, P<0.05) 48 hours post CA compared to hyperoxia. Ten-day survival was prolonged by hypoxia (Hypoxia: 87.5 %, Normoxia: 62.5 %, Hyperoxia: 12.5 %, n=10, P<0.05, respectively). Hypoxia also improved mitochondrial function (28% increase in basic oxygen consumption and 49% increase in ATP-related oxygen consumption, n=3, P<0.05, respectively) and a 20% decrease in ROS production (n=6, P<0.05) compared to normoxia. Conclusion: This study has two important findings: First , we demonstrate that oxygen availability in the early post-CA period is a critical determinant of long-term post-CA outcomes. Second , we show that mild hypoxic therapy in the early post-CA period improves early mitochondrial function and long-term post-CA outcomes. These findings reveal an important oxygen-dependent therapeutic window following resuscitation from CA that has implications for post-CA critical care.
A 64-year-old woman with rapid neurologic decline diagnosed with Toxoplasma encephalitis after presumed metastatic cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In an era of fragmented medical care, concurrent clinical features that ultimately lead to a unified diagnosis may not be prioritized appropriately. We present a case of a 64-year-old woman referred to hematology clinic for anemia, with recent memory loss and gait disturbance. Two months later, she developed pneumonia; imaging workup showed a left renal mass. Neurologic function continued to decline precluding definitive nephrectomy. She then presented with new-onset seizure and initial neuro-imaging was reported as unremarkable. One month later, outpatient neurologic workup demonstrated new left-sided weakness which prompted hospitalization and repeat neuro-imaging, which showed a 1.7-cm right frontal lobe mass lesion with surrounding vasogenic edema. The patient ultimately underwent craniotomy with resection of the mass lesion; pathology did not show metastatic renal cell cancer, the provisional clinical diagnosis. Rather, immunostaining revealed a parasite and ultimately led to a diagnosis of Toxoplasma encephalitis, an infection whose clinical presentation had been interpreted by healthcare providers for months to be a result of metastatic cancer.
Identification of Competencies for Green Jobs in Tourism Skills at TVET: A Systematic Literature Review

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Sustainable tourism is a concept aimed at addressing the negative impacts of the tourism industry on the environment, society, and culture. In this context, research on the identification of competencies for green jobs in the field of tourism is crucial for the development of a responsible and sustainable tourism industry. The objective of this study is to analyze the relationship between green competencies and green jobs, and to identify the competencies required for green jobs in the tourism sector. This research adopts the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method following the PRISMA guidelines. A total of 520 articles were collected from Google Scholar, Scopus, and ScienceDirect, and after applying the predetermined criteria, 58 relevant articles were included for analysis. The findings of the study indicate that TVET plays a vital role in preparing the workforce for the transition towards sustainable tourism and there is a link between green competencies and green jobs in the tourism sector as seen from the fact that there is an increasing demand for green workers who must master green competencies, the implication is that it is important to implement green competency-based learning on TVET and this all needs support from the government, the tourism industry sector and the community.
Source regions of snowmelt in Prairie environments

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Methods of predicting snowmelt runoff are subject to many uncertainties. In part discrepancies arise in utilizing point snowfall measurements rather than direct measurement of the quantity of snow available within the snowpack. Determination of either the actual snow water-equivalent within a drainage basin or the potential snowmelt by means of index values (gauged at representative sites within the basin) presents many difficulties primarily because snow is very easily displaced by wind. Consequently, the snow accumulates on the ground in a highly heterogeneous manner and it becomes difficult to obtain representative measurements. The estimation of snowmelt runoff from a given drainage basin may be viewed along a continuum: at one extreme is the use of point snowfall as index of potential runoff while at the other end is a very intense monitoring of the basin snowpack water-equivalent (Figure 1.1). Clearly, both extremes are unacceptable, the former because of crudeness and the latter due to financial constraints. What is required is the best approximation of the absolute water-equivalent within the basin. Much current research has focused on developing sophisticated remote-sensing techniques of estimating areal values of water-equivalent but it is apparent that many problems still exist with these approaches (Ferguson and Pollock, 1971)...
Comparison ofStaphylococcal Coagglutination, Latex Agglutination, andCounterimmunoelectrophoresis for Bacterial Antigen Detection

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Soluble antigens ofHaemophilus influenzae typeb,Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, andgroupB streptococcus werelooked forin cerebrospinal fluid, serum, andurine byusing thestaphylococcal coagglutination test, latex agglutination test, andcounterimmunoelectrophoresis. Thestaphylococcal coagglutination andlatex agglutination tests weremoresensitive than counterimmunoelectrophoresis inidentifying antigens ofH.influenzae typeb,S. pneumoniae, andN.meningitidis. Noneofthethree tests successfully detected groupB streptococcal antigens inbodyfluids. Nonspecific reactions noted with thestaphylococcal coagglutination test could beusually eliminated after premixingtest specimens withsoluble protein A. Detection ofbacterial antigens inbodyfluids hasenabled rapid identification ofthespecific etiology ofsomeinfections, particularly meningitis (6). Incases ofpartially treated meningitis, whencultures havebeensterile, demonstration ofsuchantigens hasbeenuseful inestablishing anetiology. Quantitative determination ofcirculating antigens mayalso beofprognostic significance (8).Counterimmunoelectrophoresis
ESR spectroscopy demonstrates that cytochrome bss 9 remains low potential in Ca2+-reactivated, salt-washed PSII particles

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract. Cytochrome bss 9 in various Photosystem II preparations was studied by using low temperature ESR spectroscopy. This technique was used because it is able to distinguish high from low potential forms of the cytochrome owing to the g-value differences between these species. Moreover, by using low temperature irradiation to oxidize cyt bss 9 we have avoided the use of redox mediators. Previous work (Ghanotakis DF., Topper J.N. and Yocum, C.F. (1984) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 767, 524-531) demonstrated that reduction and extraction f manganese of the oxygen evolving com-plex, which might be expected to alter the redox properties of cyt bssg, occurs when certain PSII preparations are exposed to reductants. The ESR data presented here show that a mixture of high potential and lower potential cyt bss 9 species i observed in the oxygen evolving Photosystem II complex. Treatment of PSII membranes with 0.8 M Tris converts the high potential form(s) to those of lower potential. Exposure of the mem-branes to 2M NaC1 shifts a significant amount of high potential cyt bss 9 to lower potential form(s); addition f CaC12 reconstituted oxygen evolution activity bu did not restore cyt bss 9 to its high potential form(s).
Parental-care strategies among muskrats in a female-biased population

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In mammals, parental care is primarily maternal, male participation being influenced by access to mates. We studied parental behaviours of muskrats (Ondatra zibethicus) in a female-biased free-ranging population over two breeding seasons, with the objective of assessing the plasticity of parental care under differing mating strategies (monogamy versus polygyny). Weaned juveniles received predominantly paternal rather than maternal care, and the care provided was both direct (i.e., food harvesting) and indirect (i.e., burrow maintenance). Parental care appeared to be affected by the multiple mating opportunities available to some males. Polygynous males provided less parental care, presumably because they devoted extra time to pursuing a multiple-mating strategy. However, polygynous males provided care only to the offspring of their first mate (i.e., a mixed reproductive strategy). Females that were secondary mates of polygynous males appeared to compensate for the lack of male assistance by increasing their level of parental care compared with primary females. These results support the view that monogamy constitutes the fundamental social system in muskrats.
Sustainability, a longitudinal case analysis of acquisitions and disposals in a leading consumer goods company

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Purpose Despite the question of “how businesses can balance profitability and sustainability?” being one of the most challenging issues facing global leaders today, there have been few studies that examine the sustainability of acquisition decisions, especially from a social perspective. The paper illustrates how the acquisitions and disposals decisions reported by a keystone organisation align (or not) with their sustainability commitment from 2011 to 2020. Design/methodology/approach This longitudinal case study focuses on an acknowledged sustainability leader in the consumer goods industry, Unilever, using archival evidence. An analytical framework informed by integrated thinking is developed to operationalise stewardship theory. Empirical data on 37 strategic acquisitions and 17 disposals, gathered from Unilever’s annual reports for the ten years, press releases and news media are investigated by interpretative content analysis. This archival evidence is supplemented by external stakeholder interviews. Findings Our analysis shows that most of Unilever’s acquisition decisions and all the disposals had an economic rationale, though some acquisitions were clearly aligned with the company’s sustainability commitment. Various aspects of integrated thinking were observed in acquisition disclosures. Our analysis is interpreted by representatives of stakeholder groups in some unexpected ways. Research limitations/implications One of the limitations of our study is the fact that it takes a single case company. Further research could draw on more than one case to make comparisons of the M&A rationales. Practical implications This case analysis provides practical insights into sustainability behaviours that other firms may follow to achieve SDG-related targets. Furthermore, we found that integrated reporting demonstrated by Unilever’s annual reports lacks transparency around M&As. We therefore call for policymakers to make explicit disclosure requirements for firms to explain how acquisitions address SDGs. Originality/value This study contributes to the application of stewardship theory and an integrated thinking framework to show the alignment of strategic acquisition decisions and sustainability strategy.
Benchmarking of probability tables with TRIPOLI-5®

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

In this work we present the verification of the unresolved resonance range treatment implementation in the Monte Carlo code TRIPOLI-5®, which relies on probability tables. For this purpose, we perform extensive code-to-code comparisons with respect to TRIPOLI-4® and OpenMC using two probability tables models (PURR and CALENDF), on a set of benchmark configurations. These tests allow on one hand verifying TRIPOLI-5® and on the other hand analyzing a number of discrepancies related both to the use of different probability tables models and more generally to the handling of nuclear data in the Monte Carlo codes.
Dealing with death: The role of animal-themed literature in supporting children with grief and loss

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract The way that children deal with, and develop an understanding of death has long-term effects on their development and wellbeing. Mental health practitioners regularly turn to bibliotherapy (the use of books), many of which portray non-human animals as central characters, as a therapeutic tool for bereaved children. However, the extent to which non-human animal characters are used to assist children dealing with loss and dying, nor how and why it is used, particularly in relation to available therapies, is not well understood. To explore this, we conducted an online survey of 47 Australian mental health practitioners ( M = 45.55 years of age, SD = 12.81; 80.9% female) who specialise in providing grief counselling to children (average of 13.26 years +/− 10.05 of professional experience). Overall, just over half (60.0%, n = 24/40) of practitioners preferred to use animal-themed death literature. However, it was not the most frequently used, nor considered the most effective therapeutic option across all age groups. There was a clear reduction in perceived usefulness with age. Bibliotherapy with animal characters was considered most effective for children between the ages of 2 and 7, and least effective for those over 12. Thematic analyses of open-ended responses revealed three overarching themes: (1) Animal-themed bibliotherapy was viewed as helpful in creating a bridge to access children’s emotions and providing a safe space to share them. (2) Practitioners considered animal-characters helpful for developing accurate death conceptualisation in younger children due to their familiarity with animals. Familiarity helps to encourage children to apply their observations of animal life cycles to human death, children identify with animal-characters, and they generally find animals appealing. (3) Its adoption by a therapist is dependent on children’s unique characteristics, practitioners’ personal preferences and the availability of appropriate literature. Findings from this study provide insight into practitioner perceptions of the role animal-characters play in children’s understanding of death at different ages and help to inform subject-matter choice for bibliotherapy literature. Animal-themed death literature has application as an adjunct therapy tool to assist children experiencing grief related to death and dying, but also more broadly (e.g., teachers and caregivers) to foster a healthy understanding of death in children.
Epidemiology and Management of Mucormycosis in India – Pre- and Post-COVID-19

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Mucormycosis is a spectrum of highly invasive infections caused by filamentous fungi belonging to the order Mucorales. Typically known as a disease of the immunocompromised and uncontrolled diabetic host, the COVID-19 pandemic uncovered new and hitherto unknown facets of this disease. A thorough knowledge of its epidemiology, methods of diagnosis, and treatment options available is important to manage the carnage this disease has unveiled upon us in current times. This review provides an updated understanding of the existing problem of mucormycosis in India and the added burden due to the COVID-19 pandemic and provides an insight into the challenges involved in making a diagnosis and managing these debilitating infections.
Childrens' political anecdotes - REGISTER

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In this article I intend to give an overview of Estonian schoolchildren's political anecdotes and conundrums.My source material is taken from the 1992 school traditions competition (Sarv 1997).I have compiled a list of anecdotes, for which the competition material was also used.In compiling the list, Marjut Kivelä's "Koululaishuumorin tyypiloettelo" has been used as a model.All anecdotes containing political material are discussed, whether they involve individuals, ethnic groups or animals.
Soil shear strength measurements and their relevance to windthrow in Sitka spruce

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract. The measurement of the shear strength of the root plate/soil interface beneath mature trees is described. Results from this method are given for a total of 77 sample trees from crops of Sitka spruce aged between 24 and 35 years growing on a peaty gley, a deep peat and a brown earth. Shear strength was much higher for the brown earth than for either the peaty gley or the deep peat, mainly because there was a less clear‐cut boundary to the rooting depth compared with the rooting boundary caused by the high water table on the peat sites. There was a slightly higher shear strength for the peaty gley than for the deep peat, but no apparent difference in shear strength between the peat and the underlying mineral soil in the peaty gley. The shear strength measurements were consistent with observed differences in tree stability and the method of measuring shear strength aids the assessment of susceptibility of trees to windthrow.
CORRECTIONAL PROGRAMS IN THE STATE PRISONS OF INDIA: AN ANALYSIS WITH REFERENCE TO UTTARAKHAND STATE

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Human rights jurisprudence has greatly contributed to criminal reforms and has had an impact on India. Crime reforms across the globe also have an impact on India. The conceptualization with respect to penal reform originated in the reformist theory of punishment.[1] The time prison must have such meaning that enhances the values ​​of the reform in it. The reformer's appearance is about to add a sense of humanity in the system of criminal reformation and also to add the human values ​​into the system of prison and prison officials have to work to achieve it.[2] The level of protection guaranteed by the law for the reformatory therapy of prisoners must be carried out within a national legal framework and India does not have the same.
What is spiritual care? Professional perspectives on the concept of spiritual care identified through group concept mapping

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objectives The overall study aim was to synthesise understandings and experiences regarding the concept of spiritual care (SC). More specifically, to identify, organise and prioritise experiences with the way SC is conceived and practised by professionals in research and the clinic. Design Group concept mapping (GCM). Setting The study was conducted within a university setting in Denmark. Participants Researchers, students and clinicians working with SC on a daily basis in the clinic and/or through research participated in brainstorming (n=15), sorting (n=15), rating and validation (n=13). Results Applying GCM, ideas were identified, organised and prioritised online. A total of 192 unique ideas of SC were identified and organised into six clusters. The results were discussed and interpreted at a validation meeting. Based on input from the validation meeting a conceptual model was developed. The model highlights three overall themes: (1) ‘SC as an integral but overlooked aspect of healthcare’ containing the two clusters SC as a part of healthcare and perceived significance; (2) ‘delivering SC’ containing the three clusters quality in attitude and action, relationship and help and support, and finally (3) ‘the role of spirituality’ containing a single cluster. Conclusion Because spirituality is predominantly seen as a fundamental aspect of each individual human being, particularly important during suffering, SC should be an integral aspect of healthcare, although it is challenging to handle. SC involves paying attention to patients’ values and beliefs, requires adequate skills and is realised in a relationship between healthcare professional and patient founded on trust and confidence.
A Marketing-Decision-Support Model for Evaluating and Selecting Concepts for New Products

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

For a major manufacturer of heating and cooling systems for large buildings, under increasing pressure to produce new product components, I developed a marketing-decision-support model of its process for selecting and developing new products that was comprehensive, objective, and dynamic. This approach is particularly suited for firms that feel the timing (introduction date) of new products significantly affects their sales potential. The firm has relied on this model and its expansions for over 25 years. Marketing-decision-support systems generally utilize a technical structure for dealing with a complex real-world problem. The technical structure is generally provided by a skilled modeler, the reality by experienced line managers dealing with the problem area. This interaction is a critical element in determining the success of real-world marketing-decision-support projects. The modeler must make sure the line managers feel intellectual ownership of the support system.
Fault diagnosis of transformer insulation based on compensated fuzzy neural network

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper introduces a kind of compensated fuzzy neural network based on fusion fuzzy theory and neural network technology. The compensated fuzzy neural network have fleet self-study algorithm and can perform compensated fuzzy reasoning. This method overcomes the critical value criterion defection problem that exists in traditional dissolved gas analysis. The method improves fault recognition capability by conversion fuzzy semantic to ration denotation applying features air diagnosis method. The method can resolve the transformer insulation's fuzzy phenomena. The method realizes fuzzy disposal of transformer fault diagnosis of feature gas by applying fuzzy neural network in the transformer insulation diagnosis knowledge base. The method increases the accuracy of the diagnosis and maneuverability by actual computation.