jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Cognitive outcomes after unruptured intracranial aneurysm treatment with flow diversion

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

OBJECTIVE Flow diversion is increasingly used to treat a variety of intracranial aneurysms with good safety and efficacy; however, there is some evidence that this treatment is associated with a larger postoperative ischemic burden on imaging than that with other traditional endovascular modalities. These findings typically do not manifest as neurological deficits, but any subtle effects on cognition remain unknown. In this study, the authors describe the neurocognitive performance of a cohort of patients with unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIAs) before and after treatment with flow diversion. This is the first report of cognitive outcomes following aneurysm treatment with flow diversion. METHODS The authors prospectively collected data on cognitive function using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) tool in patients with UIAs who were undergoing endovascular aneurysm treatment with flow diversion between June 2017 and July 2019. Patients completed the MoCA prior to intervention, at the 1-month follow-up after treatment, and again at 6 months after the procedure. All patients with UIAs treated with flow diversion were included regardless of age, aneurysm location, or morphology, unless their functional status precluded completion of the MoCA instrument. A repeated-measures linear mixed-effects model was used to compare preintervention and postintervention cognitive status at the time intervals outlined. RESULTS Fifty-one patients with 61 aneurysms underwent endovascular aneurysm treatment with flow diversion (mean age 52.5 years, 90.2% females). There was no difference between baseline and postprocedure MoCA scores at any time interval (p > 0.05). The MoCA scores at baseline, 1 month postprocedure, and 6 months postprocedure were 26.1, 26.2, and 26.6, respectively. There was also no difference between pre- and postprocedure scores on any individual domain of the instrument (visuospatial, naming, attention, language, abstraction, delayed recall, and orientation) at any time interval (p > 0.05). Thirty-four patients had follow-up MRI or CT imaging, 5 of whom showed radiographic changes or ischemia. All patients with follow-up clinical evaluation had a 6-month modified Rankin Scale score ≤ 2. CONCLUSIONS Flow diversion is increasingly used in the treatment of intracranial aneurysms. This study suggests that this treatment may not alter neurocognitive function. Larger patient samples and longer follow-ups with other tests of cognitive functions are needed to confirm these findings.
Sources of Mass Partisanship in Brazil

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Scholars believe that mass partisanship in Brazil is comparatively weak. Using evidence from a 2002 national survey, however, this study finds that the aggregate level of party identification actually falls only slightly below the world average and exceeds levels found in many newer democracies. Yet this finding is misleading, because the distribution of partisanship is skewed toward only one party, the PT. This trend results from a combination of party organization and recruitment efforts and individual motivation to acquire knowledge and become involved in politicized social networks. Partisanship for other parties, however, derives substantially from personalistic attachments to party leaders. This finding has implications for current debates about the status of parties in Brazil. Also important is the impact of the 2005 corruption scandal implicating the PT and President Lula da Silva's administration.
Feedback experiments using entangled photons for polarization control in future quantum networks

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Control of the measurement frames that project on polarization entangled photons is an important experimental task for near term fiber-based quantum networks. Because of the changing birefringence in optical fiber arising from temperature fluctuations or external vibrations, the polarization projection direction at the end of a fiber channel is unpredictable and varies with time. This polarization drift can cause errors in quantum information protocols, like quantum key distribution, that rely on the alignment of measurement bases between users sharing a quantum state. Polarization control within fiber is typically accomplished using feedback measurements from classical power alignment signals, multiplexed in time or wavelength with the quantum signal that coexist in the same fiber. This thesis explores ways to use only measurements on the entangled photons for polarization control and perform entanglement measures without multiplexing alignment signals. This approach is experimentally less complex and can reduce the noise within the quantum channel arising from the alignment signals. In the first part of this dissertation, we study how to use distributed measurements on polarization entangled photons for polarization drift correction in a 7.1 km deployed fiber between the University of Maryland and the Laboratory of Telecommunication Sciences for two individuals sharing a near maximally entangled Bell state, $\hat \rho = |\Psi^-\rangle\langle\Psi^-|$. In the second part of the dissertation, we examine how to use feedback measurements to maximize the violation of a Bell's inequality used as an entanglement measure. Both polarization drift correction and the maximization of a Bell's inequality violation use iterative optimization algorithms to actuate upstream polarization controllers. In the Bell's inequality investigation, three numerical methods: Bayesian optimization, Nelder-Mead simplex optimization, and stochastic gradient descent are implemented and compared against each other. For complete polarization control and Bell's inequality violation experiments, we developed a polarization and time multiplexed detection system that reduced the number of photon detectors needed and mitigated the demand on the coincidence counting electronics for real-time feedback and control.
Structures of the Visual Chromophores and Related Pigments: A Conformational Basis of Visual Excitation

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A detailed conformational analysis of the known crystal structures of vitamin A, carotenoid, and xanthenoid derivatives has been made. These studies suggest that the visual chromophore 11- cis retinal and its isomers may each occur in several different conformational states, which would be expected to have different lightabsorbing characteristics. The presence of such states for 11- cis retinal and all- trans retinal may contribute to the observed rhodopsin intermediates that have been characterized by different λ max values, and to the breadth of spectral response in scotopic and color vision.
Influence of the Linking Bridge on the Photoreactivity of Benzophenone–Thymine Conjugates

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Benzophenone (BP) is present in a variety of bioactive molecules. This chromophore is able to photosensitize DNA damage, where one of the most relevant BP/DNA interactions occurs with thymine (Thy). In view of the complex photoreactivity previously observed for dyads containing BP covalently linked to thymidine, the aim of this work is to investigate whether appropriate changes in the nature of the spacer could modulate the intramolecular BP/Thy photoreactivity, resulting in an enhanced selectivity. Accordingly, the photobehavior of a series of dyads derived from BP and Thy, separated by linear linkers of different length, has been investigated by steady-state photolysis, as well as femtosecond and nanosecond transient absorption spectroscopy. Irradiation of the dyads led to photoproducts arising from formal hydrogen abstraction or Paterno-Büchi (PB) photoreaction, with a chemoselectivity that was clearly dependent on the nature of the linking bridge; moreover, the PB process occurred with complete regio- and stereoselectivity. The overall photoreactivity increased with the length of the spacer and correlated well with the rate constants estimated from the BP triplet lifetimes. A reaction mechanism explaining these results is proposed, where the key features are the strain associated with the reactive conformations and the participation of triplet exciplexes.
Meningitis with polymerase chain reaction for varicella zoster positivity in cerebrospinal flid of a young immunocompetent adult

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Meningitis caused by varicella zoster virus (VZV) is quite rare among young immunocompetent adults though immunocompromised patients are often seen to be affected by reactivation of VZV presenting with primary clinical features of dermatomal rashes and neurological sequelae. Here, we report the clinical scenario of a young, healthy male who had presented with fever, headache, and onset of dermatomal rashes later than the fever and was eventually diagnosed to be a case of VZV meningitis. We would like to highlight the fact that even young immunocompetent patients though rarely, might contract VZV meningitis and clinicians should have a high index of suspicion and keen eyes to catch the more obvious features of VZV infection on complete physical examination and must not harbor any reservations in ordering polymerase chain reaction for VZV DNA or initiating aggressive antiviral therapy.
Helicobacter Pylori Infection Suppresses the Expression of Gastric Ghrelin

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Conference Abstract| February 01 2004 Helicobacter Pylori Infection Suppresses the Expression of Gastric Ghrelin A. Bassi; A. Bassi 1 Aintree Centre for Gastroenterology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar H. Kamarova; H. Kamarova 2 Dept of Medicine, University Hospital Aintree, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar L. Pazmany; L. Pazmany 2 Dept of Medicine, University Hospital Aintree, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar K. Bodger K. Bodger 3 Dept of Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Clin Sci (Lond) (2004) 106 (s50): 1P. https://doi.org/10.1042/cs106001Pa Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation A. Bassi, H. Kamarova, L. Pazmany, K. Bodger; Helicobacter Pylori Infection Suppresses the Expression of Gastric Ghrelin. Clin Sci (Lond) 1 February 2004; 106 (s50): 1P. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/cs106001Pa Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsClinical Science Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 2004 The Biochemical Society and the Medical Research Society2004 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Risk Factors for Cerebrospinal Leak after Endoscopic Skull Base Reconstruction with Nasoseptal Flap

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective The use of expanded endonasal surgery (EES) in the treatment of skull base neoplasms has increased significantly in recent years. Since 2006, the nasoseptal flap (NSF) has become the workhorse for the closure of skull base defects involving the anterior and central skull base. We hypothesized that defect site impacts the rate of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak following EES. Study Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting/Subjects/Methods Patients who underwent skull base defect repair using a NSF at the University of California at San Francisco (UCSF) minimally invasive skull base center were retrospectively reviewed. Patient demographics, disease, and defect location and size were recorded along with the presence of a postoperative CSF leak. Data were analyzed using Fisher's exact test. Results One hundred and twenty‐one patients met inclusion criteria. Ten patients had a NSF failure with CSF leakage, 2 in the anterior skull base (frontal sinus, ethmoid, cribriform, planum), and 8 in the central skull base (sella, clivus) ( P =. 047). Dural defect size ≥2.0 cm 2 in the central skull base strongly correlated with the risk of flap failure ( P =. 034). Conclusions This study of endoscopic closure of skull base defects using a NSF demonstrates there is an association between both surgical site and dural defect size with NSF failure. Expanded defects of the sella and clivus have an increased risk of failure and may warrant augmented techniques.
The Impact Treatment Imbalance and Patient Enrichment has on Study Sample Size in Early/Mild Alzheimer’s Disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Disease modification trials in Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) are typically conducted in Early AD patients, combination of patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and mild AD (mAD), despite vastly different progression rates between these two AD groups. A large sample size (SS) is required to show efficacy due to low MCI APRs. Furthermore, treatment group imbalances in patients likely to progress (PLP) may lead to underpowered studies. We quantified the impact on SS of: (1) potential treatment group imbalances in PLPs and (2) PLP enrichment strategies. Method Roughly 10% of patients diagnosed with MCI progress to dementia within 1 year (Mitchell, 2009). Patients with mAD progress at an APR of 25% (Davis, 2018). To assess the impact on SS, we considered a 1:1 randomized study, stratified by equally sized AD strata (MCI, mAD) with 90% power and 1‐sided 0.025 level Cochran Mantel Haenszel (CMH) test to detect lower APRs in the experimental arm compared to placebo for an odds ratio (OR) = 0.5. To assess the impact of treatment group imbalances in PLPs, we computed SS for various departures from a balanced study. SS calculations were performed after enriching the APR in the MCI or both AD strata. Result SS increases as more PLPs are assigned to the experimental arm than the control arm. For example, SS is 852 when PLPs are balanced 50%:50% between arms and 932 with a 55%:45% imbalance. When the MCI population is enriched to a 20% APR, SS is 672 for a balanced study and 732 with a 55%:45% imbalance. The following figure displays the impact of a PLP enrichment strategy on SS by increasing APRs by 5% in each AD strata, assuming no treatment group imbalances in PLPs. Conclusion Prediction (Davis, 2018) and machine learning (James, 2021) models have been developed to classify PLPs. Using such tools to stratify patients by PLP status at randomization minimizes the risk of having an underpowered study. The same tools can be used to enrich both the MCI and mild AD populations with PLPs to reduce SS requirements.
Electrochemical behavior of reversible redox species at interdigitated array electrodes with different geometries: consideration of redox cycling and collection efficiency

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectrochemical behavior of reversible redox species at interdigitated array electrodes with different geometries: consideration of redox cycling and collection efficiencyOsamu. Niwa, Masao. Morita, and Hisao. TabeiCite this: Anal. Chem. 1990, 62, 5, 447–452Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00204a006https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00204a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2054Altmetric-Citations233LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A comparative analysis of data synthesis techniques to improve classification accuracy of raman spectroscopy data

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Raman spectra are examples of high dimensional data that can often be limited in the number of samples. This is a primary concern when Deep Learning frameworks are developed for tasks such as chemical species identification, quantification, and diagnostics. Open-source data are difficult to obtain and often sparse; furthermore, the collecting and curating of new spectra require expertise and resources. Deep generative modeling utilizes Deep Learning architectures to approximate high dimensional distributions and aims to generate realistic synthetic data. The evaluation of the data and the performance of the deep models is usually conducted on a per-task basis and provides no indication of an increase to robustness, or generalization, on a wider scale. In this study, we compare the benefits and limitations of a standard statistical approach to data synthesis (weighted blending) with a popular deep generative model, the Variational Autoencoder. Two binary data sets are divided into 3-fold to simulate small, limited samples. Synthetic data distributions are created per fold using the two methods and then augmented into the training of two Deep Learning algorithms, a Convolutional Neural Network and a Fully-Connected Neural Network. The goal of this study is to observe the trends in learning as synthetic data are continually augmented to the training data in increasing batches. To determine the impact of each synthetic method, Principal Component Analysis and the discrete Fréchet distance are implemented to visualize and measure the distance between the source and synthetic distributions along with the Machine Learning metric balanced accuracy for evaluating performance on imbalanced data.
A field investigation of flight anxiety: Evidence of gender differences in consumer behaviors among Las Vegas passengers

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Purpose: This study examines how anxious the Las Vegas public is through a case study of one local international airport. Design/Methodology/Approach: This study examines gender differences in consumer behaviors among the flying public inside Las Vegas McCarran International Airport in a field experiment theoretically grounded in Terror Management Theory. Findings and Originality/Value: Because airports are replete with reminders of human mortality, it is not a surprise that death awareness and flight anxiety may be closely related. The flying public that is anxious to fly presents an interesting public relations situation for airports. Therefore, this study examines how anxious the Las Vegas public is through a case study of one local international airport. Results show that flight anxiety does provoke the same kind of existential defenses that traditional death awareness does. This study also suggests that men and women do not react to flight anxiety in a uniform way, they are different in their reactions in seeking to gamble, eating unhealthy food, and an increased desire for electronic entertainment.
Theorizing the US Racial State: Sociology Since Racial Formation

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract This article reviews theoretical developments in the sociology of the US racial state since the publication of Michael Omi and Howard Winant's groundbreaking Racial Formation in the United States . After briefly outlining their theory, it surveys the still diminutive literature and concludes by pointing to promising future directions, drawing on insights from other disciplines and incipient stirrings from within sociology. Destabilizing the unquestioned assumption that the United States is and has been a nation‐state, the article reconceptualizes it as an empire‐state. This turn establishes a firmer footing for the claim that the United States is intrinsically a racial state and yields a generative framework for reconsidering and stimulating scholarship toward more effective analysis and critique.
The quantitative analysis of indole glucosinolates by gas chromatography — the importance of the derivatisation conditions

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The effect of derivatisation conditions on the quantitative analysis of indole glucosinolates as the desulphated trimethylsilyl derivatives using gas chromatography is examined. Structures for the trimethylsilyl derivatives of glucobrassicin and neoglucobrassicin are suggested from an analysis of their ammonia chemical ionisation mass spectra. Caution is urged in the analysis of these compounds without prior optimisation of the conditions of derivatisation.
Employee Perceived Occupational Health and Safety Concerns at Phosphate Hill Fertiliser Plant

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

[Extract] As part of the James Cook University (JCU) study on the workplace environment and health at the Phosphate Hill fertiliser plant of Western Mining Corporation Fertilizers Pty Ltd (WMC), a qualitative research project comprising a series of seven focus groups and one semi-structured interview were conducted at the Phosphate Hill fertiliser plant in December 2001. As a follow up to this a further series of focus groups were conducted in September 2002 to determine if there had been any shift in some of the perceived occupational health and safety issues. These focus groups were also used as an opportunity to add some additional questions that would be used to assist the dehydration study, to assess employee perceptions about the change in rostering that has been implemented and also to assess perceptions and attitudes about the overall JCU study.
Nanometer resolution imaging by single molecule switching

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The fluorescence intensity of single molecules can change dramatically even under constant laser excitation. The phenomenon is frequently called as ‘blinking,’ and involves molecules switching between high- and low-intensity states (1). In addition to spontaneous blinking, the fluorescence of some special fluorophores, such as cyanine dyes and photoactivatable fluorescent proteins, can be switched on and off, by choice, using a second laser. Recent single-molecule spectroscopy investigations have shed light on mechanisms of single-molecule blinking and photoswitching. This ability to controllably switch single molecules led to the invention of a novel fluorescence microscopy with nanometer spatial resolution well beyond the diffraction limit. (Published: 2 April 2010) Citation: Nano Reviews 2010, 1: 5122 - DOI: 10.3402/nano.v1i0.5122