jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Dystopian Novel and Human Nature

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Although the exact origin of the dystopian genre is debated, literary critics agree that their subjects are timeless. Dystopian novels generally display anxiety about certain structures overreaching themselves and allowing for the creation of undesirable worlds. These structures chiefly take the form of government, technology, and/or pleasure seeking. Much of the literary criticism concerning this genre focuses on these structures and how they often relate to real structures in the time periods in which these novels are written. 1984 was published amidst the reign of fascism and communism; Fahrenheit 451 was written during the rise of television. Each work displays concerns about how the current developments of their time could affect the future. Often overlooked, however, is that the outcome of these novels has a common thread, specifically how these structures result in an altered form of human nature. In my paper, I intend to show how several well-known dystopian novels illustrate this concept of an altered human nature. These novels contest the ideas “that there is something called human nature,” instead entertaining the possibility that human nature is created, that “[m]en are infinitely malleable” (1984). It can be argued that, despite using various modus operandi, all dystopian novels result in a general expression of anxiety about how developing forces within our world can result in the creation of a future world full of people who are no longer human.
Zinc-tetraamino-phthalocyanine sensitized g-C3N4 as highly efficient photocatalyst

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, a novel Zinc-tetraamino-phthalocyanine (ZnTAPc) sensitized graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) photocatalyst was successfully prepared for the degradation of pollutant, and the catalyst was analyzed by XRD and SEM. ZnTAPc and g-C3N4 composite photocatalyst (ZnTAPc/g-C3N4) broadens the absorption capacity of visible light, effectively enhances the charge transport, improves the photocatalytic performance. Using Rhodamine B (RhB) and Methylene blue (MB) as a model pollutant to evaluated the catalytic ability of catalyst. ZnTAPc/g-C3N4 showed excellent RhB and MB degradation performance under visible light. Therefore, this work proposes a green and effective photocatalyst for pollutant treatment.
Comparing Radiation Shielding Potential of Liquid Propellants to Water for Application in Space

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The radiation environment in space is a threat that engineers and astronauts need to mitigate as exploration into the solar system expands. Passive shielding involves placing as much material between critical components and the radiation environment as possible. However, with mass and size budgets, it is important to select efficient materials to provide shielding. Currently, NASA and other space agencies plan on using water as a shield against radiation since it is already necessary for human missions. Water has been tested thoroughly and has been proven to be effective. Liquid propellants are needed for every mission and also share similar characteristics to water such as their density and hydrogenous composition. This thesis explores the shielding potentials of various liquid propellants as they compare to water for the purpose of providing an additional parameter when choosing propellants for any given mission. Testing propellants is done by first creating an experimental setup involving radioisotope sources Cs-137 and Co-60, a column of liquid with variable depths, and a Geiger-Mueller tube. Water and three other liquids: acetone, 70% isopropyl alcohol, and 12% hydrogen peroxide are physically tested and their linear attenuation coefficients are calculated. Then, the test setup is replicated in CERN’s Monte Carlo base radiation transport code, FLUKA. Although the calculated linear attenuation outputs from FLUKA are discrepant from experimental results by an average of 34%, they produce the same trends. FLUKA is used to expand upon experimental results by simulating a multitude of liquid propellants and comparing them all to water. FLUKA has the ability to simulate all propellants including hydrogen, oxygen, hydrazine, and dinitrogen tetroxide. Most of the tested propellants are found to have similar, to within 35%, gamma radiation linear attenuation coefficients as compared to water. The gamma radiation in this thesis’s experiment and simulations comes from Cs-137 and Co-60 radioisotope sources. For gamma radiation from the Co-60 source, liquid hydrogen provides 90% less attenuation than water and nitric acid and AF-M315E provide 35% and 38% more attenuation than water respectively. For gamma radiation emitted by Cs-137, liquid hydrogen, isopropyl alcohol, and methane have 90%, 35%, and 29% less attenuation than water respectively. Dinitrogen tetroxide, hydrogen peroxide, AF-M315E, and nitric acid have 34%, 41%, 46%, and 52% greater attenuation coefficients than water respectively. The liquids that are similar to water for the Cs-137 source have linear attenuation coefficients within 20% of water’s. Ultimately, most of the tested liquid propellants are shown to shield against radiation at a similar rate to water. Thus, an additional parameter for choosing liquid propellants on any given mission should be their radiation shielding capabilities.
Annual TB treatment coverage under optimised allocation of resources for all TB interventions compared with the most recently reported treatment coverage for Belarus [16], Moldova [18], and Romania [21].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<p>Most recently reported annual percentage of people on TB treatment (with reporting years shown below the respective bars) are shown alongside annual percentage of people on TB treatment projected under optimised allocation for each country. Total numbers of people covered are indicated below the respective bars. DS = drug-susceptible. MDR = multidrug-resistant. XDR = extensively drug-resistant.</p>
Defect detection of low contrast watermark image

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Based on the fundamental principles of feature extraction of PCA and KPCA, an improved method to extract features of non-linear image so as to rebuild image was proposed for detecting embedded watermark image defects. This method decreased greatly the dimension of Core Matrix and kept the information of embedded watermark image effectively. Thus the defects of images could be found out through comparison. The experimental results show that this method enables input data to reduce dimension effectively, shortens computation time and improves detection effect and accuracy. KPCA has a higher performance index and wider range of application than PCA.
Comment on essd-2023-299

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract. Monitoring changes in glacial dynamics is essential for understanding the environmental response to accelerated climate warming in the Arctic. However, geodetic surveys in polar regions continue to present considerable challenges because of the harsh environmental conditions and the polar night. This study records a 14–year–long time series (2006–2019) of GNSS surveys of the positions of 16 ablation stakes distributed across Hansbreen, a tidewater glacier in southern Svalbard. The measurements were conducted with an exceptionally high temporal resolution, from about one week to about one month, and covering altitudes ranging from 0 to 490 m asl. The position of one stake was surveyed every day. The primary data products consist of the stake coordinates and velocities. Time series of annual and seasonal velocities are also provided. This dataset may be a subject of further studies of glacier dynamics in relation to the long–term and seasonal impact of climate change on ice flow in the region. It also offers unique material for tuning numerical models of glacier dynamics and for validating satellite–derived products such as velocity and digital elevation models. The dataset described here has been made publicly available through the Zenodo repository: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8289380 (BÅaszczyk et al., 2023).
Strain-specific chemotaxis of Azospirillum spp

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Chemotactic responses of three Azospirillum strains originating from different host plants were compared to examine the possible role of chemotaxis in the adaptation of these bacteria to their respective hosts. The chemotaxis to several sugars, amino acids, and organic acids was determined qualitatively by an agar plate assay and quantitatively by a channeled-chamber technique. High chemotactic ratios, up to 40, were obtained with the latter technique. The chemotactic response did not rely upon the ability of the bacteria to metabolize the attractant. Rather, it depended on the attractant concentration and stereoconfiguration. Chemotaxis was found to be strain specific. Differences were particularly observed between a wheat isolate and strains originating from the C4-pathway plants maize and Leptochloa fusca. In contrast to the other two strains, the wheat isolate was strongly attracted to D-fructose, L-aspartate, citrate, and oxalate. The other strains showed maximal attraction to L-malate. The chemotactic responses to organic acids partially correlate with the exudation of these acids by the respective host plants. Additionally, a heat-labile, high-molecular-weight attractant was found in the root exudates of L. fusca, which specifically attracted the homologous Azospirillum strain. It is proposed that strain-specific chemotaxis probably reflects an adaptation of Azospirillum spp. to the conditions provided by the host plant and contributes to the initiation of the association process.
Tourism-led and economic-driven nexus in Mauritius: Spillovers and inclusive development policies in the case of an African nation

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This study investigates the dynamic linkages between tourism growth and economic growth in the African island nation of Mauritius using the spillover index framework based on the monthly data from 2003M11–2020M02. The Granger causality results reflect bidirectional static linkages between tourism-led economic growth (TLEG) and economic-driven tourism growth (EDTG). The dynamic spillover findings show a varying magnitude and direction of TLEG and EDTG hypotheses that are time-dependent. These relationships indicate distinct outcomes where tourism growth or economic growth is the net transmitter or recipient of shocks. The level of spillovers is influenced by economic events, climatic disasters and the coronavirus-19 pandemic crisis. Some inclusive and sustainable development policy implications are drawn for Mauritius and other tourism-dependent African countries.
Trends of Food Supply and Nutrient Intake in South Korea Over the Past 30 Years

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate food supply and consumption trends in South Korea over the past 30 years (1980 to 2010). Methods: We used time series data on Food Balance Sheets of Korea and the National Health and Nutrition Survey from Korea Statistics. Regression analysis was performed for trends of food supply and demand, and t-test for the gender difference in nutrient intake. Results: The annual supply of cereals, rice and starch roots per person has decreased, while that of meat, fish and shellfish, eggs, milk, and fats and oils has increased (p < 0.05), respectively. These changes effect on nutrient intake: rice consumption has declined to one-third of total energy intake, however, the energy intake from lipid sources has increased up to 20% in the 2000s.The nutrient intake levels are mostly sufficient to meet the recommended intake, but calcium intake is below the recommended level and sodium is three times above the recommended level. These problems are found in both genders, and males take in more calories and sodium than females (p < 0.05). Conclusion: These changes in food consumption and supply resulted in lowering both quantities based food self-sufficiency rate and self-sufficiency of nutrition supply. It is therefore suggested that the supply of agricultural products should be stable and quality competitiveness in supply should be improved. Also, measures and strategies in promoting rice consumption are required, such as promoting healthy diet via nutrition education and disseminating healthy traditional Korean food.
Incidence, risk factors, and clinical implications of enfortumab vedotin-related cutaneous toxicity in urothelial carcinoma: a large-scale, real-world study in Japan

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Enfortumab vedotin (EV), an innovative antibody–drug conjugate targeting Nectin-4, has emerged as a breakthrough therapy for locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma (la/mUC). However, EV-related cutaneous toxicity (EVRCT) remains a significant concern because of Nectin-4 expression in skin tissue. This study aimed to understand the incidence, risk factors, and clinical implications of EVRCT, focusing on relationships with treatment efficacy, using one of the largest real-world datasets from a Japanese la/mUC patient cohort. Materials and methods: Data from 207 la/mUC patients treated with EV, mainly as a third-line therapy between 2020 and 2023, were analyzed. Multivariate logistic regression and propensity score matching (PSM) were used to assess the risk factors and impact of EVRCTs on patient overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Results: EVRCTs were observed in 59.9% of patients, with 83% occurring within the first 3 months, defined as early-phase EVRCTs (epEVRCTs). Multivariate analysis identified better Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (ECOG PS = 0), higher hemoglobin levels (≥11 g/dl), and the standard initial dose (1.25 mg/kg) as significant risk factors for epEVRCTs. Patients with epEVRCTs demonstrated significantly improved PFS and OS compared with those without. Post-PSM analysis confirmed longer OS for patients with epEVRCTs, particularly those with mild (grade 1) toxicities, suggesting that these reactions may be significantly linked to favorable treatment outcomes. Conclusions: Our data suggest that epEVRCTs are common and correlate with better clinical outcomes in la/mUC patients treated with EV, underscoring the importance of proactive EVRCT management to optimize therapeutic benefits.
Asymptotic freedom in the lattice Boltzmann theory

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Asymptotic freedom is a feature of quantum chromodynamics that guarantees its well posedness. We derive an analog of asymptotic freedom enabling unconditional linear stability of lattice Boltzmann simulation of hydrodynamics. We further demonstrate the validity of the derived conditions via the special case of the equilibrium based on entropy maximization, which is shown to be uniquely renormalizable. Published by the American Physical Society 2024
Large scale complex projects � Beyond the �iron triangle�: An influence of soft skills on project success

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This thesis addresses the gap in existing knowledge about the influence of soft skills on the successful delivery of large scale complex projects, through an examination of the role played by personal attributes, competency and attitudes of project managers and employees. Evidence-based recommendations result from the thesis for managers and project leaders around the ways the success of large scale complex project organisations can be conceptualised and time and money can be saved.
Building teacher capacity for ELT in Vietnam

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This conclusion presents some closing thoughts on the concepts covered in the preceding chapters of this book. The book explains that the introduction of common European framework of reference for languages in Vietnam has been abrupt and hasty without adequately considering its contextual constraints. It examines the impact of a computer-assisted language learning (CALL) training course on five university lecturers' teaching of listening skills and the contextual factors that influenced their use of CALL technology. The book focuses on that pre-service English language teacher education programmes are foundational in building teacher capacity. Language proficiency is believed to constitute a core dimension of second language teachers' professional competence. The issue of building and developing teacher capacity in response to the requirements of new language-in-education policies in diverse contexts has been complicated by new insights in the process of teacher learning.
Development of a Cost-Effective Process for the Heterologous Production of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) Using Pichia pastoris in Stirred-Tank Bioreactor

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

SARS-CoV-2 was identified as the pathogenic agent causing the COVID-19 pandemic. Among the proteins codified by this virus, the Spike is one of the most external and exposed. A fragment of the Spike protein, named the Receptor Binding Protein (RBD) interacts with the ACE2 receptors of human cells, allowing the entrance of the viruses. RBD has been proposed as an interesting protein for the development of diagnosis tools, treatment and prevention of the disease. In this work, a method for recombinant RBD production using Pichia pastoris as a cell factory in a Stirred Tank Bioreactor (SRTB) up to 7 L was developed. Using a basal saline medium with glycerol, methanol and compressed air in a four stages procedure, around 500 mg/L of raw yRBD (RBD produced by yeasts) and 206 mg/L of purified (&gt;95%) RBD were obtained. Thereby, the proposed method represents a feasible, simple, scalable and cheap procedure for the obtention of RBD for diagnosis kits and vaccines formulation
The use of cross-linguistic mediation tasks in developing learners’ transversal competences

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Cross-linguistic mediation, a competence introduced by the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR) in 2001, knows a new momentum after the recent publication of the CEFR Companion Volume (CEFR-CV), in 2020, which introduces new cando statements for the teaching and assessment of mediation. Situated within the framework of plurilingual and intercultural education, mediation is intended to directly contribute to the development not only of plurilingual and pluricultural competence but also of transversal competences which have recently come to the forefront in language education. This article discusses the role of cross-linguistic mediation tasks in developing learners’ transversal competences, including digital competences, intercultural understanding, organizational skills, global citizenship, social skills, media and information literacy, teamwork, and collaboration skills. This contribution aims at highlighting the link between mediation and transversal competences through the presentation and discussion of specific task examples, drawing upon the METLA project.
Comparative response of catechin levels in drought tolerant and drought susceptible tea clones (Camellia sinensis) (L) O. Kuntze under different moisture regimes

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In tea (Camellia sinensis) water stress generally affects the content of various plant secondary metabolites including catechins. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effects of different soil moisture content on the catechin levels of various tea clones. We found out that variation of soil water content and accumulation of catechins were strongly correlated. The experiment was conducted in an open field with the drought tolerant clones namely; SFS150, TRFK 303/577, and drought susceptible clones; TRFK 6/8, TRFK 12/9, TRFK 301/4, TRFK 31/11, S15/10, TRFK 7/9, TRFK 31/8, and BBK 35. During the cold and wet periods, the effect of plant water content on catechin level was not clearly expressed. However, significant clone × soil water content interactions (p≤ 0.05) were observed for all clones during the dry and hot periods. This observation indicated that declining plant water content (PWC) due to soil moisture stress reduced catechin levels. It was concluded that variation of catechin in various tea clones over different soil water content could be of great significance in evaluating water stress tolerance ability of tea clones. Key words: Catechins, clones, water content, dry and hot periods.
HIP REPLACEMENT SURGERY REGISTRY IN THE LAZIO REGION (ITALY): METHODS AND PRELIMINARY RESULTS

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Systematic and prospective collection of data (Registro degli Interventi di Protesi d’Anca – RIPA-L) on hip replacement operations is underway in the Lazio Region (Italy) as part of a multi-regional registry on orthopaedic prosthetic surgery. The project is partially funded by the Ministry of Health and includes five regions of Italy, coordinated by Istituti Ortopedici Rizzoli, Bologna, in co-operation with the Italian National Institute of Health. The aim of the project is to create – as a first attempt in Italy – a national database on hip replacement operations in order to monitor adverse events related to orthopaedic prostheses. First, in the Lazio region, standardised methods and data collection instruments were developed and assessed in a pilot study at three hospitals in Rome (teaching, public and private). The case report form (CRF) includes identification data, clinical findings, details of the operation (duration, grade of surgeon, and operative technique) and characteristics of the prosthesis. A web-based CRF facilitates data registration (www.asplazio.it). Second, 32 orthopaedic centres agreed to participate in the initiative and started collecting data. Indeed, 53% of all hip replacement operations in the Lazio region are performed in these centres (n=6355, source: Regional Hospital Information System, 2003). RIPA-L represents an important instrument to monitor the quality of hip replacement surgery in the Lazio region and to collect information on types of orthopaedic prostheses, contributing to the national database and, more generally, promoting quality in orthopaedic surgery.
Arsenate‐mediated G2 cell cycle arrest in U‐2OS cells involves phosphorylation of human polycomb protein 2 by p38 MAPK

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

G2/M checkpoints ensure the proper timing of cell mitosis. We previously reported that p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase ( MAPK ) activation is essential for stress‐induced G2 arrest in the U‐2 OS osteosarcoma cell line, but the molecular mechanism was obscure. Here, using the T7 phage display system, we find p38 directly binds to human polycomb protein 2 ( HPC 2), and arsenate‐induced G2 arrest in U‐2 OS cell is p38‐ and phosphorylation of HPC 2‐dependent. Phosphorylation of HPC 2 at threonine 495 is required for recruiting Ring1 and Rb family proteins to form the polycomb repressive complex ( PRC ), and PRC is required for arsenate‐induced downregulation of CDC 2 expression. Thus, p38 MAPK regulates cell cycle progression through phosphorylation of HPC 2 to mediate transcriptional repression, providing a mechanistic link for arsenate‐induced transcriptional silencing.