jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Organometric parameters of hepatoduodenal ligament n the perinatal period

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

During any surgery, in addition to pathology-related factors, it is necessary to evaluate the individual features of the anatomy of a particular area or complex of organs. The relevance of such data is confirmed by the results of numerous studies that show that half of patients are characterized by certain anatomical variants, including the location of the arteries and biliary tract. The purpose of the work is to establish the peculiarities of the morphometric parameters of the components of the hepatic-duodenal ligament. The study was based on 50 preparations of fetus corpses (4 to 10 months) and 10 newborns without external signs of anatomical abnormalities or congenital malformations. Adequate anatomical methods were used during the study: macropreparation, injection of blood vessels, making topographic anatomical sections, morphometry. Statistical analysis of the obtained data was performed using the licensed program RStudio. During the perinatal period, the length of the hepatic-duodenal ligament was found to increase from 5.224±0.572 mm in fetuses for 4 months to 32.12±1.77 mm in newborns. The chart of change of the average values of its length by months of prenatal development indicates uneven increase of organometric parameters. From 4 to 5 months observed a significant increase in the length of the hepatic-duodenal ligament, while from 5 to 7 months of development observed a period of relative slowdown of its length, and from 5 to 6 months of development even a relative decrease in length. The period from 7 to 10 months determines the period of accelerated growth of ligament. The indices of the width of the hepatic-duodenal ligament in the perinatal period increased from 3.292±0.227 mm in fetus of 4 months to 21.25±0.938 mm in newborns. The width increases are not uniform. The periods of accelerated development (4-5 months and 9 months – newborns) and the period of slow development (5-8 months) were observed. It was proved that there are periods of accelerated and slow development, in which during periods of intensive development, organometric indicators always differed significantly, were smaller than the previous ones and outweighed the following ones respectively (4-5 months and 7-9 months, р˂0.05). Regarding the periods of slow development, the organometric indicators in these periods did not differ significantly (р˃0.05). Therefore, analyzing the dynamics of changes in the morphometric parameters of the components of the hepatic-duodenal ligament, revealed periods of their accelerated and slow growth.
The Zuckerman Thesis and the Process of Legal Rationalization in Provincial Massachusetts

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Among the recently published research on the colonial New England town few have so compellingly described the subtle workings of this institution as has Michael Zuckerman in his Peaceable Kingdoms: New England Towns in the Eighteenth Century.' Since its publication most reviewers have accepted his basic findings, entertaining only an infrequent doubt in response to some narrow aspect of his wider thesis. Authors of articles and books on collateral subjects have been much less willing to accept his views, but they have made little effort to expand their thoughts by presenting alternative explanations or evidence that question his general conclusions. Intensive reexamination, however, of Zuckerman's own documentation suggests that those conclusions apply in reality only to some Massachusetts towns for part of the provincial period. Additional information from other sources only strengthens this impression and illustrates that after i69i the towns became part of dynamically changing society. Briefly, Zuckerman begins by seeking a context for the eighteenthcentury town and its emergence as the locus of effective authority in the
User perceptions of ICT-based library services in the universities of Bangladesh

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Purpose The main purpose of this study is to explore the existing information and communication technologies (ICTs) scenario in public and private university libraries in Bangladesh. The aim of the study was to determine the use and extent of ICT implementation for collection development practices of the said institutions. Design/methodology/approach The study is based on a structured questionnaire for university library users. Students' opinions have been encapsulated, and the data findings were analyzed and presented in light of the responses. Findings For students who responded to the questionnaire, their ICT-based knowledge usage experience is not up to the mark. In general, it was found that students had limited knowledge about ICT-based resources and services. Besides this, the study also showed how to improve the entire condition and services of these libraries by adopting modern technology. This investigation reveals the situation they encountered in applying information technology and puts forward necessary recommendations that may help improve their services in the information storing and dissemination process. Originality/value This study focuses on the user perceptions of ICT-based library services in university libraries in Bangladesh. It will prompt further research on user perceptions of ICT-based library services in academic libraries globally.
Autophagy in neuroprotection and neurodegeneration: A question of balance

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

A central issue in developing therapies for neurodegenerative diseases involves understanding why adaptive responses to stress or injury fail to prevent synaptic dysfunction and neuronal cell death. Macroautophagy is a major, evolutionarily conserved response to nutrient and bioenergetic stresses, which has the capacity to remove aggregated proteins and damaged organelles such as mitochondria. This has prompted intense interest in autophagy-related therapies for Huntington’s, Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, stroke and other neurological diseases. However, excessive or imbalanced induction of autophagic recycling can actively contribute to neuronal atrophy, neurite degeneration and cell death. Oxidative-, aging- and disease-related increase in demand for autophagy, coupled with declining axonal trafficking, lysosomal degradation or biosynthetic efficiencies promote increased susceptibility to a harmful state of autophagic stress. A more complete understanding of dysfunction along the entire spectrum of autophagic recycling, from autophagosome formation through clearance and regeneration of new cellular components is necessary to restore balance to the system, promote neuronal health and maximize therapeutic potentials. Keywords autophagy; protein aggregation; neurite degeneration; neuronal cell death; Parkinson’s disease; Alzheimer’s disease; Huntington’s disease; lysosomal storage disease; hypoxic-ischemic brain injury; aging
Preliminary study on retrotransposon in the mutant of rice

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Three clones that related to the conservative reverse transcriptase (RT) domain of copia-like retrotransposons were amplified from the total DNA of a twin-ovary mutant. According to the sequences, one of them contained many stop codons and the two others named PR1 and PR4 were continuous coding region. Phylogenetic analysis showed that PR1 is distinctive from others and PR4 is very similar to Rrt21. Since the similarity is up to 95.1%, they can be sorted into one family. A few copies changes were detected in 26 rice varieties by the probe PR1 while much more polymorphism by the probe PR4, implying that the PR4 might be transposable activity.
Supplemental Material, sj-docx-1-tpx-10.1177_01926233211037934 - The Society of Toxicologic Pathology: Advances and Adventures in the First 50 Years

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Supplemental Material, sj-docx-1-tpx-10.1177_01926233211037934 for The Society of Toxicologic Pathology: Advances and Adventures in the First 50 Years by Mark Hoenerhoff, Stacey Fossey, Charlotte Keenan, Agathe Bédard, Typhaine Lejeune, William Kerns, Daniel Patrick, Erin Quist and Brad Bolon in Toxicologic Pathology
Studies on Antigen-Antibody Reactions Using Light Scattering from Antigen Coated Colloidal Particles

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Studies are presented of dynamic light scattering from colloidal suspensions of fractionated ferrofluid particles (40-60 nm average diameter) coated with bovine serum albumin (BSA) and subjected to BSA antibodies and soluble BSA in a competitive binding mode. The observed slowly decaying component in the autocorrelation spectrum originates from the motion of BSA coated colloidal particle-antibody aggregates. Measurements of antigen-antibody kinetics and soluble BSA dose response suggest that the BSA coated particles behave as “large” antigen molecules.
Detection and analysis systems for microsatellite markers in wheat

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This paper describes and discusses strategies for screening microsatellites for use in plant genetic research and illustrates how a subset of useful microsatellites can be optimised for implementation on breeding and research using a range of techniques. Beginning with the initial screening of microsatellites for potential polymorphisms in a core set of potential parental lines, through to scaling up for mapping or breeding purposes, we present a time- and cost-effective approach to microsatellite analysis in wheat lines of interest. Each stage of this process benefits from a fresh examination of the techniques applied in order to increase the efficiency with which key markers can be identified and implemented. For the primary screening we use primers without modification to prime PCRs in the presence of f-dNTP (fluorescently labelled nucleotide) to provide the basis for high resolution screening for polymorphisms. As markers are defined for use in a breeding program, the focus changes to a smaller set of primer pairs that will be used to screen large numbers of DNA samples either from the analysis of progeny from a cross or the routine checking of cultivar identity in the industry. We then examine appropriate analysis platforms and refinement of PCR primers and conditions in order to identify procedures that can be implemented widely, not just in specialised well-equipped laboratories. In many cases we are able to use lower cost agarose analysis for identified polymorphisms. Where this is not feasable we examine primers for potential redesign to optimise their application either by altering the sequence of the primer itself, based on available sequence information, or by adding tails to the primers. The latter is shown to alter the ‘stutter’ pattern that is commonly observed with wheat microsatellites so that a single band is prominent and thus allows size polymorphisms to be more readily scored. The addition of a generic 5' tail also provides a method of using a generic fluorescent primer that can be applied to multiple tagged markers in a costeffective fashion. The potential of alternative analytical systems and further refinement of primers to show plus/minus reactions with wheat lines in order to produce simple tests for use in breeding programs are also discussed.
Cystic Fibrosis and Infertility

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Cystic fibrosis (CF) – or mucoviscidosis – is a common autosomal recessive inherited disease, affecting the whole body and causing progressive deficiencies. The name ‘cystic fibrosis’ refers to the characteristic scarring (fibrosis) and formation of cysts in the pancreas. The first anatomical and pathological description of the disorder was done by Landsteiner in 1905. In 1936, Fanconi et al. identified it as an autonomous illness, and in 1994 Farber et al. named it mucoviscidosis, due to the thick and viscous mucus secreted by the exocrine glands. It is accounted for by several clinical manifestations. Respiratory impairment is the most serious symptom (resulting from chronic infection in the lungs) and, though it is treatable, it is resistant to antibiotics and other medication. The large number of other symptoms include sinusitis, inadequate growth, diarrhoea and infertility, each of which is an effect of CF in other parts of the body. The mutated gene is transmitted by father and mother – although it may be that neither of them manifest the disease – and it is accounted for by the change in carrying ions through the membranes of the cells (Quinton et al., 1983). This compromises the function of the exocrine glands that produce thicker and hardeliminating substances (mucus, sweat or pancreatic enzymes).
Evaluation of free gluten biscuits substituted with Quinoa and Jerusalem artichoke flours as functional foods

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This study aimed to develop gluten-free biscuits with enhanced nutritional value and taste, while reducing high-calorie ingredients, particularly sugar. Two formulations have been devised to create biscuits customized for people with gluten allergies. Corn flour has been replaced with chickpea flour at a consistent rate of 20% to boost nutritional value with its high protein content. Furthermore, quinoa flour (QF) has been added in different quantities (20%–40%) for its protein richness (14.87%) and amino acid content. Another option suggests using Jerusalem artichoke (JAF) flour, used as a sugar substitute, as it is known for its health benefits and high inulin content. It has been integrated into biscuit formulations at levels from 20% and 40%. Both formulations have also undergone a reduction in sugar content of 15% and 30%. The chemical properties and phytochemical content of the raw materials were evaluated. Jerusalem artichoke flour (JAF) exhibited the highest antioxidant activity (92.02%). The addition of QF to biscuits increased protein content with higher replacement rates, as well as fiber content and mineral levels. JAF was thoroughly examined in two specific formulations as a partial sugar substitute. The inclusion of JAF caused minimal changes in physical properties, and sensory evaluations indicated satisfactory results, especially for biscuits containing up to 40% QF. Furthermore, incorporating 20% JAF allowed for a 30% sugar reduction without affecting flavor. Additionally, the QF-containing supplemented biscuits had a reasonably high essential amino acid balance, indicating that they may help children with celiac disease consume more amino acids.
244 Kinetic characterization of a porcine intestinal alkaline phosphatase isomer over-expressed in the E. coli BL21 (λDE3)

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Intestinal alkaline phosphatases (IAP), one group of the most abundant apical membrane-bound enzymes in the gut, play a pivotal role in protecting intestinal health and preserving mutually beneficial host-microbial relationships against pathogenic bacterial toxins by reducing their toxicity through dephosphorylation of the endotoxin lipopolysaccharides (LPS) lipid moiety and other emblematic members of pathogen-associated-molecular patterns (PAMPs) such as ATP, therefore preventing gut dysbiosis and enteric diseases. There are 6 alkaline phosphatase genes identified in the porcine genome with possible 4 IAP and 1 tissue-non-specific alkaline phosphatase isomers that are all likely expressed in the small intestine. To elucidate roles of post-translational glycosylation on IAP isomer affinity, this study was conducted to characterize a porcine IAP isomer (protein product ID: XP_003133777.1-X1) that had been over-expressed in the prekaryotic E. Coli BL21 (λDE3) without glycosylation. Both negative and X1-IAP over-expressed E. coli BL21 (λDE3) cell samples were sonicated to be homogenous and diluted for further enzyme kinetic analyses. The kinetic experiments were carried out by using the chromogenic synthetic substrate p-nitrophenyl phosphate (PNPP) with 16 gradient concentrations of PNPP, ranging 0–6 mM in incubation media in 4 replicates at pH 7.4 and 37°C for 30 minutes. The kinetics (parameter estimates ± SE, P < 0.05, R2 = 0.91–0.94, n = 64) of the X1-IAP isomer specific and the intrinsic E. coli BL21 (λDE3) alkaline phosphatase activities were obtained, including Vmax values of 11.59 ± 1.58 vs. 19.02 ± 3.39 nmol/(mg protein·min) and Km values of 4.72 ± 1.16 vs. 7.56 ± 2.09 mM. The X1-IAP isomer Km value measured at 4.72 ± 1.16 mM in this study is substantially higher than the range of the IAP Km values (0.1–0.3 mM) determined in the weanling porcine jejunum under the same conditions (using PNPP at pH 7.4 and 37°C) from our previous studies. It is known that alkaline phosphatase isomers expressed in vivo in the porcine gut would be highly glycosylated. Results of this study show that the porcine X1-IAP isomer over-expressed in the E. coli BL21 (λDE3) without glycosylation was associated with a very low enzyme affinity. Therefore, factors affecting post-translational glycosylation of the alkaline phosphatase isomers in the porcine gut would greatly influence their enzyme affinity towards detoxifying relatively low levels of pathogenic bacterial LPS and other emblematic PAMPs members in the gut lumen for protecting gut health.
Disobliterative Endarteriectomy of External Iliac Artery

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BEDIdeepened to healthy tissues, it will usually be possible to apply immediate split-skin grafts.After two weeks further grafts may be advisable.In spite of the use of the methods outlined, final healing of extensive lesions often takes three months.With experience this time can be reduced to a minimum.When final healing does occur the skin is often puckered and scarred.This may be so severe that a flap or pedicle graft is required, especially if any further operation becomes necessary in the involved area.In this short series, two feet have required cross-leg flaps for this reason. I Summary and ConclusionsThe open and closed varieties of friction injuries sustained in road accidents have been described and the importance of careful treatment has been stressed.The open lesion is quite common, but good judgment is of great importance in its management.The antibiotics have made surgical treatment and early skin- grafting safer.The closed lesion is rarer.If it is not recognized early, skin gangrene may be found when a plaster is removed.Medico-legally, it is important to realize that bandaging and splintage have in no way been responsible.
To which extend is the "neural code" a metric ?

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Here is proposed a review of the different choices to structure spike trains, using deterministic metrics. Temporal constraints observed in biological or computational spike trains are first taken into account. The relation with existing neural codes (rate coding, rank coding, phase coding, ..) is then discussed. To which extend the "neural code" contained in spike trains is related to a metric appears to be a key point, a generalization of the Victor-Purpura metric family being proposed for temporal constrained causal spike trains
Isolation and regeneration of protoplasts from the mycelium of Fusarium pallidoroseum - a potential biocontrol agent of water hyacinth [Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms].

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A protocol for isolation of protoplast from the mycelium of Fusarium pallidoroseum, a potential biocontrol agent of water hyacinth, was standardized. Stable and more medium sized protoplasts were obtained from 18 h old mycelium at 3 h after incubation, using 80 mg of lytic enzyme from Trichoderma harzianum , in 4 ml of 0.01 M citrate buffer (pH 5.85) containing 0.6 M KCl and 5 mM DTT. The protoplasts were regenerated in the regeneration medium.
Numerical estimation of lattice strain, bending and generation of misfit dislocations in HgCdTe heterostructures grown on GaAs substrate

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

We determined the spatial distribution of lattice strains in the HgCdTe heterostructures grown on GaAs substrate by using our own simulation program. The obtained lattice stresses are greatly relaxed by the misfit dislocations arising in the interfaces. We calculated the minimum elastic energy as a function of the dislocation density in all interfaces. We also estimated the part of dislocation's electrical energy in the total energy balance.
Environmental effects on latex paint coatings. I. Base polymer degradation

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Films of the base polymer used in a latex paint have been exposed to various combinations of UV/SO 2 /H 2 O/air. The polymer is primarily a terpolymer of butyl acrylate, vinyl acetate, and vinyl chloride. Reported here are results from dynamic mechanical analysis (T g ), sol‐gel analysis, intrinsic viscosity and contact angle measurements. Exposure without the presence of UV and causes virtually no change in the properties of the films. In the presence of UV and clean air containing O 2 . there is evidence of both chain scission and crosslinking. When films are exposed to combinations of either UV/SO 2 or UV/SO 2 H 2 O, a dramatic increase in the rate of change in the properties is observed, indicating a synergistic interaction between UV and SO 2 . The gel fraction increases from about 20% for the control to about 65% in samples exposed to UV/SO 2 or UV/SO 2 /H 2 O for as little as 24 h. In the latter exposed samples, there is a corresponding precipitous drop in the intrinsic viscosity of the soluble fraction, a significant increase in the surface polarity of the films, and a large increase in the T g . Reaction mechanisms for changes resulting from the various exposure conditions are proposed.
Effect of natural flavonoids on the oxidation of phenothiazines and other chemical mediated by lipoxygenase

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Objective To investigate the effect and the possible mechanism of the natural flavonoids on the oxidation of phenothiazines and isoproterenol mediated by lipoxygenase and to probe into the possibility that the antioxidants mechanism in resisting cancer and other toxicity is exhibited by inhibiting lipoxygenase-catalyzed co-oxidation of xenobiotics.Methods The oxidation products and free radical intermediates were detected by spectrophotometry and electron spin resonance(ESR) spectrometer.Results SLO could catalyze the co-oxidation of phenothiazines to generate phenothiazine cation radicals.Natural flavonoids tea polyphenol and its monomer EGCG and other moderator could inhibit the oxidation of phenothiazines mediated by SLO.SLO could also catalyze the co-oxidation of isoproterenol to generate isoprenochrome.Gossypol,GSH,DTT could inhibit the oxidation of isoproterenol,but free radical scavenger BHA and BHT,natural flavonoids tea polyphenol and its monomer EGCG and EC,quercetin and rutin exerted no effect on the product of isoprenochrome.Conclusion It implies that the natural flavonoids inhibit the oxidation of phenothiazines to generate phenothiazines cation radicals mediated by lipoxygenase is mainly by scavenging free radicals,which is possibile to resist cancer and other toxicity of xenobiotics including phenothiazines.