jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
SH1827511.08FU

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.
Study of corrosion in magnesium alloys

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The effect of microconstituents on the corrosion and electrochemical behaviour of die-cast and ingot cast AZ91D alloy was investigated in 3.5% NaC1 solution at pH 7.25. The influence of chloride ion concentration and pH was studied in detail with a focus on the stability of microconstituents in these environments.
THE WORST CASE IDENTIFICATION OF DISCREET TIME NONLINEAR SYSTEMS:A WAVELET APPROXIMATION APPROACH

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper the problem of robust identification of nonlinear discrete time systems via wavelet networks is studied. An identification algorithm is proposed. It is shown that the algorithm has the properties of smoothness and near minimaxity. In addition, for some input, the necessary and sufficient condition on the existence of a robustly convergent identification algorithm is given. With that the wavelet approximation algorithm is shown to be robustly convergent.
Energy migration within the 2E state of Cr3+

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Excitation energy migration is an important phenomenon at high concentration of luminescent chromophores. In crystalline solids it results in a quenching of the intrinsic luminescence of the chromophore as the excitation energy migrates to impurity centres or other forms of trap sites. As concluded from the extensively studied systems where Cr3+ is doped as the active chromophore into inert host lattices, energy migration in crystalline solids is usually a phonon-assisted process, in which the simultaneous creation or annihilation of phonons helps to bridge the energy miss-match in the energy levels of two neighbouring chromophores within a inhomogeneously broadened absorption band. However, in the three-dimensional network systems [Ru(bpy)3][NaCr(ox)3] and [Rh(bpy)3][NaCr(ox)3]ClO4, it proved possible to unambiguously identify three different mechanisms for energy migration within the R1 line of the 4A2 → 2E transition of Cr3+. In addition to the common temperature dependant phonon-assisted process, a resonant process between the zero-field split components of the 4A2 ground state leading to a multi-line pattern in a fluorescence line narrowing spectrum and a quasi-resonant process within the same component leading to fast spectral diffusion can be identified at very low temperature. The parameters governing these processes are discussed and the behaviour of the model systems is compared to more conventional doped oxides and related systems.
Taking Europe To Its Extremes

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article revisits the age-old debate about elite—mass linkages in the European Union (EU) by examining the way in which political contexts shape individual differentiation in Euroscepticism. We argue that the growing uncertainties about the future of European integration among national publics are increasingly politicized by Eurosceptical elites on both the extreme right and left of the political spectrum. To analyse the cueing effects of these extremist parties, we employ a two-level hierarchical linear model which combines individual-level and contextual data. We show that Eurosceptic cues are, indeed, found on both extremes, but for different reasons. Whereas right-wing extremist parties oppose European integration with the defence of `national sovereignty' and successfully mobilize national identity considerations against the EU, left-wing extremist parties resist further integration in Europe on the basis of the neoliberal character of the project and effectively cue voters against the EU on the basis of economic insecurity arguments.
[Value of selected biophysical surveillance methods in prediction and prophylaxis of complications associated with adverse pregnancy outcome in intrauterine growth restriction].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Intrauterine growth restriction is associated with higher rate of complications occurring during pregnancy and in labour, increased morbidity and mortality rate in neonatal period, impaired psychosomatic development in childhood and increased susceptibility for particular diseases in adulthood. For improvement of perinatal outcome it is essential to establish objective criteria based on biophysical surveillance methods for prediction and prophylaxis of adverse outcome in IUGR pregnancies. The aim of the study was to compare selected biophysical surveillance methods in prediction and prophylaxis of complications associated with adverse pregnancy outcome in intrauterine growth restriction. There were statistically significant differences in CTG, BPS, AFI, and pulsatile index values in umbilical artery and MCA between IUGR and normal fetuses. The best predictor of adverse pregnancy outcome in IUGR fetuses was PI value in umbilical artery.
Sidebar: Patient Advocate Foundation: Partnering with Patients and Physicians to Solve Access Issues

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

CD4^+^ regulatory T cells have been shown to prevent intestinal inflammation; however, it is not known whether they act to prevent the priming of colitogenic T cells or actively control these cells as part of the memory T cell pool. In this study, we describe the presence of colitogenic Th1 cells within the CD4^+^CD45RB^low^ population. These pathogenic cells enrich within the CD25^−^ subset and are not recent thymic emigrants. CD4^+^CD45RB^low^ cells from germfree mice were significantly reduced in their ability to transfer colitis to immune deficient recipients, suggesting the presence of commensal bacteria in the donor mice drives colitogenic T cells into the Ag-experienced/memory T cell pool. This potentially pathogenic population of Ag-experienced T cells is subject to T cell-mediated regulation in vivo by both CD4^+^CD25^+^ and CD4^+^CD25^−^ cells in an IL-10-dependent manner. Furthermore, administration of an anti-IL-10R mAb to unmanipulated adult mice was sufficient to induce the development of colitis. Taken together, these data indicate that colitogenic Th1 cells enter into the Ag-experienced pool in normal mice, but that their function is controlled by regulatory T cells and IL-10. Interestingly, IL-10 was not absolutely required for CD4^+^CD25^+^ T cell-mediated inhibition of colitis induced by transfer of naive CD4^+^CD45RB^high^ cells, suggesting a differential requirement for IL-10 in the regulation of naive and Ag-experienced T cells.
Reading "Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are dead" beyond theatricalities.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In this essay, I will explore the similarities that we see in absurdities of Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are Dead to our daily lives. Even while this play dismisses the traditions of realism, in some respects it portrays life’s situation more accurately than realist dramas. Rosencrantz and Guildenstern may just be characters on stage but their stage lives actually cause us to engage more than the theatricality that they appear to be performing. In addition, Stoppard also recognizes that language itself is incapable of bringing forward his intended meaning and consequently, that theatre is more than mere language. Even the Player agrees that the dumbshow, which is a form of acting, is “a device, really – it makes the action that follows more or less comprehensible; you understand, we are tied down to a language which makes up in obscurity what it lacks in style.” (Stoppard 77)
FETAL ALCOHOLIC SYNDROME: BIBLIOGRAPHIC REVIEW

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Alcohol use has a teratogenic effect throughout pregnancy, especially in the first trimester, and can lead to Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS), identified by abnormal facial features, growth failure and neural problems.Goal: The present study aims to review articles in the national and foreign literature on FAS, analyzing causes, consequences and possible actions to prevent alcohol intake by pregnant women.Methodology: Searches for scientific articles were carried out in the virtual databases: SciELO, Google Scholar, PubMed, published between 2010 and 2018, and the most important references for the topic in question were selected.Review: The use of alcohol during pregnancy can harm fetal development and even cause miscarriage.Affected children have phenotypic changes common to Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Spectrum Disorder (FASD) or Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD).Among the spectrum diagnoses, FAS is the most severe, evidenced by craniofacial deformities, microcephaly, thin upper lip, smooth philtrum, hearing loss and low birth weight.It can also favor the development of psychiatric illnesses by the mother and the child.Alcohol consumption by women is influenced by economic, personal and social factors.Conclusion: Fetal Alcohol Syndrome is dose-dependent, but there is no consensus on the minimum amount.Therefore, its prevention is carried out through abstinence.Since its incidence has increased in Brazil, it constitutes a public health problem.Therefore, immediate interventions are needed to raise awareness among pregnant women and encourage preand postnatal care.
Specification of the Zebrafish Nervous System by Nonaxial Signals

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The organizer of the amphibian gastrula provides the neurectoderm with both neuralizing and posteriorizing (transforming) signals. In zebrafish, transplantations show that a spatially distinct transformer signal emanates from tissues other than the organizer. Cells of the germring (nonaxial mesendoderm) posteriorized forebrain progenitors when grafted nearby, resulting in an ectopic hindbrain-like structure; in contrast, cells of the organizer (axial mesendoderm) caused no posterior transformation. Local application of basic fibroblast growth factor, a candidate transformer in Xenopus , caused malformation but not hindbrain transformation in the forebrain. Thus, the zebrafish gastrula may integrate spatially distinct signals from the organizer and the germring to pattern the neural axis.
A new combination coccosphere of the heterococcolith species Coronosphaera mediterranea and the holococcolith species Calyptrolithophora hasleana

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This is the first description of a combination coccosphere of the heterococcolithophore species Coronosphaera mediterranea (Lohmann 1902) Gaarder in Gaarder & Heimdal (1977) and the holococcolithophore species Calyptrolithophora hasleana (Gaarder 1962) Heimdal in Heimdal & Gaarder (1980) (Figs 1, 2). A single specimen of this new combination coccosphere was found within 53000 analysed cells in one of 189 samples collected at the JGOFS time series station ALOHA, Hawaii, during 1993 to 1996. The specimen was in a sample collected during autumn 1996 at a water depth of 5 m at a temperature of 26·1 °C, salinity of 35·0 psu, phosphate of 0·002 μmol/kg and in nitrate-depleted water (for details see Cortés, 1998; Cortés et al., 2001).
STUDI INTEGRASI ISLAM, SAINS DAN BUDAYA NUSANTARA DI MADRASAH IBTIDAIYAH

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Integration or Islamization of knowledge are now beginning to develop among Muslim intellectuals. They also hold religious awareness, and that science is in harmony with God's revelation. Science needs to be transformed to believe in the grace that He has given. In an effort as a science development, it is necessary to improve the activities of the teaching and learning process so that the Madrasah Ibtidaiyah arises. Islamic elementary schools have an important role to balance between science and general science. Madrasas as educational institutions that grow and develop from the tradition of religious education in society. In the past the first Islamic Education Institution was established in Indonesia in the form of pesantren. Pesantren has become a tradition or culture that is attached to society as the foundations for laying out Islamic education. Starting and developing from pesantren education, Madrasah Ibtidiyah is the initial foundation for putting knowledge on children. Islamic elementary schools also play a role in developing a process of learning activities that integrate Islamic education, national science and culture Key word:.Integration of Islamization, Science, and Culture
Lessons from the Spiritual Lives of Men Who Work in the Movement to End Violence Against Women and Children

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract Interviews with men who work professionally in the movement to end violence against women and children are used to trace their resistance to and recovery from patriarchy, and document their radical departure from traditional masculine norms and expectations, both in their spiritual life and in their professional calling. Images of divinity and creation that they find palatable work counter to the root causes of violence and its structures of evil. This exploration begins to discern a shape for the paradigmatic identity transformations of masculinity that are required for this culture to recover from its institutionalized male violence.
A local power law versus a well-identified viscosity curve over a large shear rate range in thermorheology of polymers

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract. There are always debates on the use of power law to model flows having a local zero shear rate. This paper uses an original method to define a functional shear rate range with respect to the flow condition and identify an equivalent power law from a Cross-law fluid. The numerical and experimental results are compared to show the ability of the power law to model a flow having a low-shear region.
Making a case for HCI: comparing materials for case-based teaching

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper investigates case-based methods for bridging the conflicting goals of providing both topic coverage and practical experience in teaching human-computer interaction (HCI). We evaluate benefits and limitations of five types of case materials - contemporary articles, professionally prepared cases, familiar interfaces, ongoing development projects, and incomplete information (jigsaw) - to probe how they should be structured and approached by an HCI instructor. Through an experience that assessed case-based activities in an undergraduate HCI course, we determined tradeoffs relating to student participation, preparation characteristics, and short- and long-term learning outcomes. Based on our results, we can make several conclusions that should influence selection and development of materials for case-based pedagogy, and we illustrate the need for structured case creation processes that can be performed conjointly with system development efforts.
Effect of Heartmath Workshop on Physiological Coherence, Sense of Coherence, Zone, Mood and Resilience Perceptions

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This study examines the effect of a HeartMath workshop on physiological coherence, sense of coherence, zone, mood and resilience perceptions. A quasi-experimental design, involving mixed quantitative and qualitative research methodologies and techniques, was used. The sample consisted of 10 workshop participants, 5 males and 5 females, with mean age of 22.10. Participants were matched for age and gender with 10 control group persons. Statistical analysis revealed significant within group, pre to post workshop results for physiological coherence, sense of coherence, zone and mood, with improvement in resilience. Workshop and control between group results were significant for sense of coherence, with zone, mood and resilience effects also in the expected direction. Thematic content analysis revealed participants’ perceptions of experiences supported the quantitative results. Recommendations for future interventions are discussed.
Adjustment of Crop Insurance Nonparametric Net Premium and An Empirical Study

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Precise net premium depends on the exact distribution of crop yield.Regarding nonparametric distribution as the prior one,we use the minimum cross-entropy optimization model to adjust it,considering the more moment information,and get the minimum cross-entropy distribution.Based on the adjusted distributions,crop insurance net premium rates are determined.This method is applied to crop yield sequence in Liaoning province.We conclude that the minimum cross-entropy premium rates are all lower than the nonparametric ones,which solves the problem of higher nonparametric premium rates.The minimum cross-entropy distribution,covering both the prior distribution and more moment information about yield distribution,is more reasonable.The new method improves the crop insurance ratemaking process and makes the calculation results more reasonable and accurate,which provides more valuable reference for insurance practice.
Classes of Nodes with Different Power Amplifiers and their Influence in Wireless Multi-hop Networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Optimizing wireless network operations can be achieved by transmission power control of wireless nodes, which is mostly performed by regulating the final power amplifier. Depending on the desired transmission power level, currently popular amplifiers work at different levels of efficiency: highest in case of maximum output power, lower in case of reduced output power. As the power amplifier is the major power sink in most common network interfaces, operating at high efficiency is desirable. Ideally, a node would operate using a power amplifier which is tuned to provide its highest efficiency at the node?s (single or typically used) transmission power level. Our idea is to use specialization of nodes to allow for efficient short-range communication using (mostly) ?short-range? specialists ? nodes where the power amplifier is optimized for low output power values ? and to use the corresponding ?long-range specialists? for the long-distance communication in one network. However, the node deployment strategy should stay the same and all nodes have to be able to provide all power levels, albeit at different costs. We discuss the implementation and performance characteristics of such heterogenous networks in this paper. The results show a potential reduction in energy consumption to less than 65 % compared to classical networks with uniform amplifiers. We characterize the optimum ratio of nonheterogenous nodes for a given network density with different types of node distributions and show how missing the optimum ratio will impact the energy consumption of the network.
Ozone, VOC and Nitrogen Species Concentrations in Ambient Air in the Boreal Region of Europe

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The European boreal regions are characterised by extensive forest areas with large biomasses providing potential for biogenic VOC emissions. According to recent emission estimates, the annual biogenic and anthropogenic VOC emissions in this region are of the same order of magnitude (Simpson et al., 1998). A major part of the annual load of biogenic VOCs is
Guns in the Home, Homicide, and Suicide

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

To the Editor.

—The presence of one or more guns in the home has been associated with a 1.6-fold (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2 to 2.2) increased risk of homicide1and a 3.2-fold (95% CI, 2.4 to 4.4) increased risk of suicide.2We investigated how many deaths in the United States might be attributable to guns in the home for the period 1988 through 1990. Using medical examiner, vital statistics, and survey3data, we estimated that 46.7% (31092) of the 66578 homicides and 66.4% (60 786) of the 91 545 suicides during these 3 years occurred in the home and that 43.2% of homes had guns (95% CI, 41.4% to 45.0%). We used an attributable risk approach and the point estimates and lower and higher values of the CIs for the prevalence of guns in the home3and the unadjusted gun-related risks of homicide and suicide
VERNAL KERATOCONJUNCTIVITIS;

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose: To find out safety and effectiveness of supratarsal injection of Triamcinolone in cobble stone papilla e in VernalKeratoconjunctivitis (VKC). Design: Prospective, uncontrolled trial. Period: June 2009 to January 2010. Setting: Department ofOphthalmology KMU Institute Of Medical Sciences Hospital KDA Kohat. Material and Methods: One hundred and fifty diagnosed patientsof VKC, of both sexes and age group between 5 – 40 years were included in the study. Patients with glaucoma, or steroid responder, postherpeticcorneal scar, active infection of cornea or conjunctiva, tightly closed eyelids, patients who lost follow-up, and patients unwillingto be enrolled in this study were excluded from the study. The patients were enrolled and informed consent was taken. Supratarsalinjection of Triamcinolone was given. Their record was maintained and all the patients were followed up for six months for evaluating theireffectiveness and side effects. Results: We treated two hundred and seventy five eyes of one hundred fifty patients. Among them 80%were males. Mean age was 14 years (range: 5—40 years). All of the patients had itching of eyes, redness, watering, photophobia,cobble-stone papillae and Tranta's dots. Mean duration of disease was 27 weeks (Range: 4 weeks to 10 months). Patients were followedup and multiple injections were given for controlling disease. Transient redness was the most common side effect of injection therapy.Study shows 100% effectiveness of supratarsal injection of triamcinolone acetonide in VKC although
Do fish lymphocytes secrete interferon‐γ?

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Macrophage activating factor (MAF)‐containing supernatants, generated by mitogen (Con A/PMA) stimulation of rainbow trout leucocytes, were found to confer viral resistance (interferon, IFN, activity) on a rainbow trout epithelial cell line challenged with infectious pancreatic necrosis virus. Both the MAF and IFN activities co‐eluted by HPLC size exclusion chromatography and showed similar sensitivities to acid (pH 2), temperature (60° C) and trypsin. The mode of induction of this IFN, its acid and temperature sensitivity and its possible MAF activity suggest that fish leucocytes can secrete an IFN‐γ like molecule.