jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Beware of the Bias - Statistical Performance Evaluation of Higher-Order Alphabet PUFs

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) derive un-predictable and device-specific responses from uncontrollable manufacturing variations. While most of the PUFs provide only one response bit per PUF cell, deriving more bits such as a symbol from a higher-order alphabet would make PUF designs more efficient. This type of PUFs is thus suggested in some applications and subject to current research. However, only few methods are available to analyze the statistical performance of such higher-order alphabet PUFs. This work, therefore, introduces various novel schemes. Unlike previous works, the new approaches involve statistical hypothesis testing. This facilitates more refined and statistically significant statements about the PUF regarding bias effects. We utilize real-world PUF data to illustrate the capabilities of the tests. In comparison to state-of-the-art approaches, our methods indeed capture more aspects of bias. Overall, this work is a step towards an improved quality control of higher-order alphabet PUFs.
A $p$-adic variant of Kontsevich-Zagier integral operation rules and of Hrushovski-Kazhdan style motivic integration

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We prove that if two semi-algebraic subsets of $\mathbb{Q}_p^n$ have the same $p$-adic measure, then this equality can already be deduced using only some basic integral transformation rules. On the one hand, this can be considered as a positive answer to a $p$-adic analogue of a question asked by Kontsevich-Zagier in the reals (though the question in the reals is much harder). On the other hand, our result can also be considered as stating that over $\mathbb{Q}_p$, universal motivic integration (in the sense of Hrushovski-Kazhdan) is just $p$-adic integration.
Effects of atmospheric azimuthal asymmetry on the analysis of space geodetic data

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

We develop a formalism for parameterizing and evaluating the effects of lateral variations in the properties of Earth's atmosphere on the propagation of microwave signals. A parametric form is incorporated into our analysis of very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) data, and the estimated atmospheric delay gradients are compared with those calculated from three‐dimensional weather analysis fields from the National Center for Environmental Prediction (NCEP). For a 12‐day series of experiments in January 1994, the VLBI and the NCEP analyses show common atmospheric gradient delays with amplitudes of up to 30 mm at 10° elevation angle. Comparison of the characteristics over a longer period of time reveals common mean north‐south gradients with amplitudes up to ≈10 mm at 10° elevation at midlatitudes. No discernible mean east‐west gradients were found in either data set. The root‐mean‐square (RMS) variations of the gradient effects, determined from the NCEP analysis, are similar in the north‐south and east‐west directions, with a typical RMS scatter of 6–10 mm at 10° elevation. After accounting for gradients, detailed analysis of the January 1994 VLBI data shows clearly that the residual station height variations of ≈10 mm at Westford, Massachusetts, are almost totally explained by the effects of atmospheric pressure loading.
Android Bokeh application

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The word Bokeh has been popular in the photography field in recent years. Commonly, people know Bokeh effect as image with sharp foreground object and blurred background. In order to have the Bokeh effect in a photo, one need to use lens that have shallow depth of field so that only part of the scene will be focused. Only Digital Single-lens Reflex (DSLR) camera lenses have very large aperture diameter to create such shallow depth of field. However, not many people can afford to buy a DSLR camera because the price is very expensive. On the other hand, smartphones are much more affordable by everyone and according to J. Koetsier by the end of year 2013, 57% of the smartphones are run by Android. Therefore, here comes an idea to create an Android camera application which can take a photo with Bokeh effect in it. The approach used to create a Bokeh effect in this project is similar to the approach introduced by Prof. Marc Levoy who created Synthcam. Instead of taking one photo, record a few image frames while shifting the camera around the object to be focus on. This is to let the object appear in the image a few pixels away from other images. Then, align all the image frames according to the object and add the image frames together. In the end, the final image will have a sharp and focused object foreground, and a blurred background which is similar to Bokeh effect. The application is built based on the OpenCV library. OpenCV is an open source computer vision library. A few methods provided by OpenCV are used in the application to create the Bokeh effect. For example, matchTemplate method is used to find the location of the object to be focused on in the image. Then, warpAffine method is used to translate the image so that the object is at the same location as the other frames. Finally, addWeighted method is used to add all the image frames where the objects in the images are aligned to each other. The application’s basic functions were successfully implemented. However, due to this a new project, there are still rooms of improvement. Some improvements to increase the quality of the application are also recommended.
Non-Fickian Transport in Heterogeneous Saturated Porous Media

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Existing theories of flow and contaminant transport in aquifers are either based on Monte Carlo simulations or small perturbation solutions of the governing stochastic partial differential equations, which limit the applications to cases of small variances in the physical parameters. In most cases the "smallness" is a subjective statement from the modeler or is forced by considering the logarithm of the random quantities. This article constitutes a preliminary attempt to reanalyze the problem of flow and contaminant transport in a hypothetical heterogeneous aquifer without the usual assumptions of small perturbation, logarithmic transformation, a specific probability law, and disregard for the underlying hydrologic problem. Statistical properties of the pore velocity are derived from the inherent ground water flow problem; a non-Fickian dispersion equation is derived by assuming two scales, a small and a large one; and a solution of the dispersion equation is obtained. A general analytic procedure, the decomposition method is used in the solution of the flow and dispersion equations. Finally, some comparisons with existing results are presented.
EXACT PRICING AND LARGE-TIME ASYMPTOTICS FOR THE MODIFIED SABR MODEL AND THE BROWNIAN EXPONENTIAL FUNCTIONAL

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We derive a closed-form expression for the stock price density under the modified SABR model [see section 2.4 in Islah (2009)] with zero correlation, for β = 1 and β < 1, using the known density for the Brownian exponential functional for μ = 0 given in Matsumoto and Yor (2005), and then reversing the order of integration using Fubini's theorem. We then derive a large-time asymptotic expansion for the Brownian exponential functional for μ = 0, and we use this to characterize the large-time behaviour of the stock price distribution for the modified SABR model; the asymptotic stock price "density" is just the transition density p(t, S 0 , S) for the CEV process, integrated over the large-time asymptotic "density" [Formula: see text] associated with the Brownian exponential functional (re-scaled), as we might expect. We also compute the large-time asymptotic behaviour for the price of a call option, and we show precisely how the implied volatility tends to zero as the maturity tends to infinity, for β = 1 and β < 1. These results are shown to be consistent with the general large-time asymptotic estimate for implied variance given in Tehranchi (2009). The modified SABR model is significantly more tractable than the standard SABR model. Moreover, the integrated variance for the modified model is infinite a.s. as t → ∞, in contrast to the standard SABR model, so in this sense the modified model is also more realistic.
Photonic‐Crystal Display Materials

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Photonic Ink (P‐Ink) technology comprises an active photonic crystal that reflects a band of color that can be tuned by controlling the applied current or voltage. All the individual spectral colors in the visible range can be reflected by a single P‐Ink material. This technology provides an opportunity to create a wider range of primary colors than the conventional RGB system, given the same numbers of pixels for color mixing.
VjControl: an advanced configuration management tool for VR Juggler applications

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Virtual reality (VR) installations are often unique; every one is a complex blend of hardware devices, displays and computing resources. The configuration of VR software is therefore a difficult and time-consuming process. VR Juggler, our toolkit for VR application development, addresses these problems with a number of innovations. VR Juggler provides a unique system for organizing the configuration information for a system and minimizing the proliferation of configuration files that many systems suffer. It provides a graphical tool, called VjControl, for editing configurations, which can protect users from many common mistakes. VR Juggler also has advanced capabilities for monitoring and altering the configuration of a running immersive application.
Forecasting of Futures Prices: Using One Commodity to Help Forecast Another

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Managers of businesses that involve agricultural commodities need price forecasts in order to manage the risk in either the sale or purchase of agricultural commodities. This paper examines whether commodity price forecasting model performance can be improved by the inclusion of price forecasts for other commodities within the model specification. We estimate 760 dfferent models to forecast the prices of hog, cattle, corn, and soybean and find strong support for the inclusion of other commodity price forecasts in the best forecasting models. Unfortunately, the out-of-sample performance of these models is mixed at best. Still, the results suggest more work is called for to determine how best to use other commodity price forecasts to improve forecasting performance.
A Potential Role of Ethosuximide and Pentoxifylline in Relieving Abdominal Pain in Irritable Bowel Syndrome Patients Treated with Mebeverine: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial [Retraction]

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

[This retracts the article DOI: 10.2147/JIR.S346608.].
On the Simulation of Molded Micro Components and Systems

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Regarding micro components and systems, experimental work for characterizing materials' properties as well as components' and systems' behaviors have to be supplemented by numerical analyses. These analyses should cover component and system issues. On a component level, macroscopic approaches are extended by methods allowing consideration of the influence of components' grain structures including possible defects. On a system level, the high tolerances accepted for the individual components due to production inaccuracy and their effects on the expected load distribution capability of the system are taken into account. This paper presents approaches for simulation of micro components and systems using the finite element method and multi body simulation. Methods to overcome the abovementioned issues will be shown, as well as the effects of grain structure on the stress distribution in the individual components.
Censorship as a Way of Life

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Censorship has its roots deep in antiquity, and over the centuries its meanings have expanded and grown somewhat fluid and ambivalent. A good deal of scholarship, some of it like that of the Indo-Europeanist Georges Dumezil imaginative and thorough, has been expended on the original meaning of the related words cens, censor, census and censere.1 They have the sense of 'an accounting', 'to account', but also 'a moral judgement', 'to make a moral estimate'. The census had to do with taxes and military recruits, with who provided them and to whom, but the censor also saw to it that the recently enfranchised plebeians did not beat their wives, murder their slaves or let their land lapse into unproductivity. The censor was a patrician and it was his job to keep the old tribal order alive under the new civil order of the state. He was concerned with manners and morals from the point of view of the old tribal religion. A certain lofty pretension to high-mindedness has surrounded the office ever since.
Invisibility and Oscillation: The Processes of Looking in Eszter Salamon’s Nvsbl

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The question of the body’s role in the creation of images poses a problem central to visual studies. Eszter Salamon’s 2006 dance Nvsbl displays the complex process of looking at images with singular clarity. This process, here called “oscillating gaze,” features a movement of attention which, in the case of Nvsbl, favors a productive understanding of invisibility, conceived not as the negative limit of vision, but rather as an element capable of fostering unaccustomed ways of seeing.
Data from Targeting Myeloid Trem2 Reprograms the Immunosuppressive Niche and Potentiates Checkpoint Immunotherapy in NASH-Driven Hepatocarcinogenesis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<div>Abstract<p>Macrophages expressing Trem2 play a pivotal role in promoting nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH; also known as metabolic dysfunction–associated steatohepatitis) progression to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Despite the widespread clinical use of anti–PD-1 immune checkpoint blockade, its therapeutic efficacy in NASH-driven HCC remains suboptimal. This study investigates the mechanisms by which NAM Trem2 influences the response of NASH-driven HCC to immunotherapy. Clinical analysis revealed that elevated Trem2 expression in NASH is positively correlated with the accumulation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NET) and infiltration of PD-1<sup>+</sup>Eomes<sup>+</sup>CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells and regulatory T cells. Myeloid-specific knockout of Trem2 (Trem2<sup>Δmye</sup>) led to impaired macrophage reprogramming, resulting in the accumulation of proinflammatory Ly6ChiCX3CR1<sup>lo</sup> macrophages, which enhanced degradation of NETs in NASH. Trem2<sup>Δmye</sup> also disrupted TGFβ production via P-Syk–dependent efferocytosis, collectively suppressing the differentiation of PD-1<sup>+</sup>Eomes<sup>+</sup>CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells and regulatory T cells. The efficacy of anti–PD-1 therapy in inhibiting NASH-driven HCC progression was also significantly enhanced by Trem2<sup>Δmye</sup>, primarily through the downregulation of Treg CXCR4 expression mediated by increased NET degradation. These therapeutic effects were further amplified when combined with the CXCR2 inhibitor AZD5069. Our findings identify Trem2 as a central regulator of the NASH-driven HCC immunosuppressive niche and suggest a combinatorial therapeutic strategy that targets both myeloid reprogramming and NETosis to overcome immunotherapy resistance in metabolic liver cancer progression.</p></div>
Effect of vacuum on mold filling in micro injection molding

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Micro injection molding is a widely used technique for mass production of micro plastic parts. As trapped air in the micro cavity may result in defects like short shot and voids, it is important to understand how trapped air can be eliminated to improve the replication of microstructures. This project investigates the effect of vacuum in the filling phase of micro injection molding by implementing a vacuum system to remove air in the cavity before mold filling. Two mold inserts of micro channels and micro holes were investigated. Micro channels of three different depth were fabricated using wire cut EDM method while an array of micro holes was fabricated by hot embossing method. Injection molding process was then carried out to produce the respective plastic parts and COC TOPAS 5013 L-10 was chosen as the material. Design of Experiment was performed to investigate the effects of parameter settings on the replication of microchannels and micro holes. The heights of protrusions on plastic parts were measured by using the Confocal imaging profiler. It is concluded that the use of vacuum venting does not have any significant effect on the replication ratio of micro channels and low-aspect-ratio micro holes. No obvious conclusion can be made from the fidelity of the micro holes.
The effects of an inhibiting factor (interferon) on the in vitro growth of granulocyte-macrophage colonies.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Incorporation of preparations of mouse interferon in stimulated cultures of normal mouse bone marrow results in a decrease in the number of colonies developing, and in the appearance of unusual cells in colonies. These unusual cells have the granular, vacuolated cytoplasm of the macrophage, but lobed nuclei more typical of cells of the granulocytic series. The evidence suggests that interferon inhibits the normal multiplication and differentiation of mouse granulocyte-macrophage precursors in vitro.
Study of strain-transfer of FBG sensors embedded in unidirectional composites

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Optical fibre Bragg grating (FBG) sensors are now quite established and widely used in strain measurements in composites. However, insufficient understanding of the limitations of the embedment and measuring techniques often leads to inaccurate results. This work is a continuation of a novel method to improve the reliability and accuracy of the strain measurements on unidirectional composites using embedded FBG sensors [1]. A new combination of the pair host material/sensor was studied and characterized. Test specimens were manufactured with longitudinally embedded FBG sensors, using a glass/epoxy prepreg system, in order to compare with a carbon/epoxy prepreg system. The combined behaviour of the sensors and the host material was characterized and a procedure to obtain a more accurate strain was defined for this new chosen material.
Challenge to Normalcy: Political Opposition in Czechoslovakia, 1968–77

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The most recent period of opposition to the Czechoslovak regime began with the onset of what has become known as 'normalisation' after the invasion by Warsaw Pact troops in August 1968. 'Normalisation' is here understood as an attempt to promote an ideologically motivated and consumer-orientated legitimation of an unpopular regime under the close supervision of the USSR which retains the prerogative of supreme arbitration and interpretation but prefers to work through domestic agents.KeywordsTrade UnionCommunist PartyCentral CommitteeOpen LetterPolitical PrisonerThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Increased prevalence of septal cavitation in a nonschizophrenic sample: an MRI study of HIV-infected individuals

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Analyses of MRI scans of 26 asymptomatic HIV-infected individuals (HIV+) and 10 HIV-seronegative psychiatric control subjects (HIV-) revealed an incidental finding: 50% of the HIV+ subjects had discernible cleft in the septum pellucidum (cavum septi pellucidi; CSP), compared to only 20% of the HIV- control subjects. HIV+ subjects with CSP were more likely to complain of sensory changes and performed more poorly on specific neuropsychological tests when compared with HIV+ subjects without CSP. These findings suggest that elevated rates of CSP are not limited to the schizophrenic population. CSP may be a marker of premorbid events that increase the vulnerability to cognitive and perhaps behavioral sequelae of neurologic disease or injury.
The Gamma Transformation Mode: A Mode or a Median ?*

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

A demonstration is given that the Gamma Transformation Method (GTM) does not achieve its objective insofar as it gives an estimate of the median and not of the mode (unless they coincide) of a given distribution. Nevertheless, because of the inherent high capability of the method to symmetrize a group of data and of its potential validity and use in other statistical fields, a GTM program which can be used on a programmable pocket or portable calculator is presented.
Recombinant human keratinocyte growth factor-2,a new agent for wound/ulcer healing

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Under normal physiological conditions,recombinant human keratinocyte growth factor 2(rhKGF 2) is believed to display a paracrine type activity on epithelial cell proliferation and differentiation,because it is synthesized and secreted by stromal cells adjacent to epithelial cells expressing the appropriate fibroblast growth factor receptors(FGFR).Preclinical studies and clinical trials show that rhKGF 2 can accelerate wound and ulcer healing with good tolerability.
Navigating the Terrain of Narrative Inquiry: Insights and Innovations for Teaching

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Pinnegar and Daynes (2007) attribute the “narrative turn” of the mid-1980s to four themes. First was the change in the nature of the research relationship. Hypothesis testing in a controlled and decontextualized environment was no longer viable. Narrative researchers highlighted the subjective, relational, contextual and constitutive nature of inquiry. Second was the shift from numbers to words to account for the unique, local and contextualized nature of interaction (p. 20). Third was a change in focus from the general to the particular. Fourth was the critique of privileged objective knowledge and the search for truths. There was a return to the largely narrative roots of research (Latour, 1979). Narrative inquiry has blossomed since then as arts-based research gained acceptance and burgeoning technology offered different modalities. The varieties of narrative work make it difficult to navigate and choose an approach that is congruent with the epistemology and ontology of the researcher. This workshop will use a typology of narrative inquiry which is part of our study of stories of human displacement to be published by Routledge. It will share with examples how one can use narrative inquiry that “lives the story with participants,” or that “starts with a story” or “finds a story” (Butler-Kisber, 2018; Savin-Baden & Major Howell, 2013) and how results can be portrayed in written text, and in visual and poetic form. A “think, pair, share” exercise will be used to examine a short transcript, use an analytic structure to create a narrative and decide how it might be portrayed. The results will be shared and will provide concrete possibilities for analyzing and portraying narrative research.