jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Characterization of PANi/PVA Nanofibers with Variation of Nozzle to Collector Distance Using Electrospinning Method

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Fumaric acid doped polyaniline was confirmed by FTIR as a sample of polyaniline emeraldine salt phase. This study aims to determine the value of the electrical conductivity of PANi/PVA with variations in distance. The electrospinning method was carried out on a PANi/PVA solution to form polyaniline nanofibers. The electrospinning solution used a percent ratio of 1:1 PANi/PVA (10%) with variations in the distance of the nozzle to the collector, namely 13 cm, 15 cm, and 17 cm. The morphological characterization and fiber properties obtained from electrospinning were characterized using FTIR, optical microscopy, and SEM-EDX. The number of fibers decreases and becomes finer as the distance increases. Fiber decreased in number due to evaporation of PVA. The diameter comparisons obtained from PANi/PVA fiber and pure PVA fiber are 263 nm and 240 nm. So the PANi/PVA fiber diameter is slightly larger than that of the PVA fiber. Electrical conductivity was carried out using the four-point probe method. The electrical conductivity value from the measurement of the best PANi/PVA sample is 1.39 × 10-6 S/cm at a distance of 15 cm with the best fiber shape.
Propofol and AZD3043 Inhibit Adult Muscle and Neuronal Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Expressed in Xenopus Oocytes

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Propofol is a widely used general anaesthetic with muscle relaxant properties. Similarly as propofol, the new general anaesthetic AZD3043 targets the GABAA receptor for its anaesthetic effects, but the interaction with nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) has not been investigated. Notably, there is a gap of knowledge about the interaction between propofol and the nAChRs found in the adult neuromuscular junction. The objective was to evaluate whether propofol or AZD3043 interact with the α1β1δε, α3β2, or α7 nAChR subtypes that can be found in the neuromuscular junction and if there are any differences in affinity for those subtypes between propofol and AZD3043. Human nAChR subtypes α1β1δε, α3β2, and α7 were expressed into Xenopus oocytes and studied with an automated voltage-clamp. Propofol and AZD3043 inhibited ACh-induced currents in all of the nAChRs studied with inhibitory concentrations higher than those needed for general anaesthesia. AZD3043 was a more potent inhibitor at the adult muscle nAChR subtype compared to propofol. Propofol and AZD3043 inhibit nAChR subtypes that can be found in the adult NMJ in concentrations higher than needed for general anaesthesia. This finding needs to be evaluated in an in vitro nerve-muscle preparation and suggests one possible explanation for the muscle relaxant effect of propofol seen during higher doses.
Research on Phenotype and Development of Abortion Top Spikelet in Rice(Oryza sativa L.)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In order to guide rice production and improve the yield,the abortion top spikeletvariety ats1 and CK variety Akihikari were used as materials to research the phenotype and development of young panicle and spikelet.The results showed that ats1 exhibited remarkable phenotypes with a number of whitish and undeveloped(immature)spikelet in the primary branches at the top of panicle after heading.The abortion spikelet could develop apair of a pair of rudimentary glume,apair of empty glume,lemma,palea,two lodicule,six stamen and one carpel.But all these floral organs did not develop maturity.The top spikelet stopped developing at In 8.
Mutant gshF peroxide treatment

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The goal of this study is to characterize a gshF::cam L. plantarum strain NZ7608. From phenotype characterization we have observed that the gene gshF plays a role in hydrogen peroxide resistance in L. plantarum and therefore we wanted to analyze the global transcriptome response of strain NZ7608 towards peroxide and compared this to wild type response. In this experiment we compared two L. plantarum strains: WCFS1 (wild type) and NZ7618 (gshF::cam). Both strains were grown -in duplo- on CDM containing 0.5% glucose at 37 degrees celsius. When cell density reached OD600=1.0 a hydrogen peroxide stress was given to the cultures to a final concentration of 10mM. Samples were taken at times (0 10 and 30 minutes) upon hydrogen peroxide. All withdrawn samples were used for this microarray experiment.
When does severe childhood obesity become a child protection issue?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Severe childhood obesity and its associated comorbidities are increasing in prevalence. Extreme childhood obesity may be viewed as a mirror image of severe non-organic failure to thrive. Parental neglect may be a causative factor in both circumstances. When suspicion of parental neglect arises, health care professionals may have both an ethical obligation and a statutory duty to notify child protection services. Guidelines on the point at which medical practitioners should seek state assistance in cases of severe childhood obesity would be helpful, not only for medical practitioners, but also for child protection services.
Development of Sodium-Based Borate Adsorbents for CO2 Capture at High Temperatures

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The excessive amounts of CO2 emissions to the atmosphere are a critical issue due to the global warming phenomenon. Development of CO2 adsorbents at high temperatures is of paramount importance because of their widespread application. In this investigation, sodium-based borate adsorbents have been developed for the CO2 capture process. Four different sodium precursors (NaOH, NaCl, Na2CO3, and NaNO3) have been employed as a sodium source, their effects on a boric acid material was investigated, and they were tested for CO2 capture application under different temperatures (500–700 °C). The proposed adsorbent materials showed promising results in terms of CO2 capture efficacy. The maximum CO2 uptake (5.45 mmol/g) and the fastest kinetic (90% of its capture uptake achieved within the first minute) have been obtained from the proposed NB4 (NaNO3@H3BO3) material at 600 °C and 1 bar. However, NB2 (NaCl@H3BO3) and the pristine materials (boric acid) showed no capacity toward CO2. Time on stream has also been tested for NB1, NB3, and NB4 after multiple cyclic adsorption–desorption. The materials showed high stability after eight consecutive adsorption–desorption cycles. For further investigation, XRD, FTIR, SEM, and TGA-DSC techniques have been performed for the proposed materials to study their crystalline composition structures, bonding interactions, material degradation, and melting points. The excellent performance of the newly synthesized materials is attributed to the chemical reaction of sodium borate with CO2 with the aid of the molten phase that facilitates CO2 diffusion over the proposed materials. The newly proposed materials could open a new avenue for CO2 capture technology.
The Wagonmasters: High Plains Freighting from the Earliest Days of the Santa Fe Trail to 1880

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Journal Article The Wagonmasters: High Plains Freighting from the Earliest Days of the Santa Fe Trail to 1880. By Henry Pickering Walker. (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1966. xii + 347 pp. Maps, illustrations, notes, bibliography, and index. $5.95.) Get access Harold E. Briggs Harold E. Briggs Southern Illinois University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of American History, Volume 53, Issue 4, March 1967, Page 823, https://doi.org/10.2307/1894028 Published: 01 March 1967
Total protein, albumin quota, and electrophoretic patterns in cerebrospinal fluid of dogs with central nervous system disorders

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

SUMMARY Cerebrospinal fluid was analyzed for total protein, albumin quota, and electrophoretic patterns of albumin and α-, β-, and γ-globulins in 10 healthy dogs and 35 dogs with cns disorders. Values obtained in healthy dogs were used to establish control data. Samples also were collected from dogs with neurologic diseases that were classified according to clinical and pathologic diagnosis as inflammation, neoplasm, and spinal cord compression. The albumin quota and total csf albumin values were used as indicators of blood-brain barrier disturbance. Four patterns were observed on agarose electrophoresis that included intrathecal immunoglobulin production, intrathecal immunoglobulin production combined with blood-brain barrier disturbance, blood-brain barrier disturbance, and unaltered csf. These patterns correlated with the observed clinical and pathologic conditions. Seemingly, agarose electrophoresis of csf is a simple and reliable technique that aids in the diagnosis of cns disorders of dogs.
CGE modeling for the economic assessment of mega-events: A tentative cookbook

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper aims at making available an interpretative framework to cast the different contributions on the economic assessment of mega-events by means of a computable general equilibrium model. A taxonomy of existing models and approaches is carried out, to clarify to what extent the differences in results are due to the various modeling choices. Their differences and relationships are highlighted, while also providing a standardized reference for future studies. A computable general equilibrium modeling solution that can balance the need to keep the model simple and the need to understand if the hosting country obtains long-term economic gains is suggested.
Computed Tomographic Evaluation of Abdominal and Pelvic Abscesses

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The CT characteristics of abdominal and pelvic abscesses in 29 patients were analyzed. The pathological development of an abscess as it relates to the CT appearance is discussed. Findings such as low-density areas within a soft-tissue mass or a definable wall or rim, while seen in abscesses, can be seen in other pathological entities as well, such as hematomas, noninfected inflammatory masses, and cystic or necrotic tumors. The most specific CT sign of an abscess was extraluminal gas, seen in 38% of patients.
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: use of diagnostic biomarkers and modalities in clinical practice

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In the future, these diagnostics tests will help clinicians to establish patient care pathways and support the identification of relevant subgroups for monitoring and pharmacotherapy. In addition, researchers will be guided to better understand available scores and support the development of future prediction systems. These will likely include multiparametric aspects of the disease and machine learning algorithms will refine their use and integration with large datasets.
Phylogenetic Relationship Analysis of 6 Viverridae Species Using Mitochondrial Sequences

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Partial sequences of mitochondrial 12 S rRNA gene from 6 civets and Cyt b gene sequences from 4 species were sequenced.The combined data was 755 bp long,containing 191 variable sites,90 parsimony informative sites.There were 120 variable sites in Cyt b gene sequence(375 bp),and it showed higher nucleotide variation(32 %) than 12 S rRNA gene(370 bp),which only had 70 variable sites(18.4 %).Molecular phylogenetic tree(NJ and ML) supported that Viverrine was polyphyletic,and implied spotted linsang(Prionodon pardicolor) perhaps was basal and mostly specified to other Viverridae species in China.Meanwhile,large Indian civet(Viverra zibetha),small Indian civet(Viverricula indica) clustered together,masked palm civet(Viverricula indica),binturong(Arctictis binturong) clustered together and they constituted monophyletic group respectively.These were consistent with traditional taxonomy arrangement.
Increased Trypanosoma cruzi Growth during Infection of Macrophages Cultured on Collagen I Matrix

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

The interactions between cell and cellular matrix confers plasticity to each body tissue, influencing the cellular migratory capacity. Macrophages rely on motility to promote their physiological function. These phagocytes are determinant for the control of invasive infections, and their immunological role largely depends on their ability to migrate and adhere to tissue. Therefore, they interact with the components of the extracellular matrix through their adhesion receptors, conferring morphological modifications that change their shape during migration. Nevertheless, the need to use in vitro cell growth models with the conditioning of three-dimensional synthetic matrices to mimic the dynamics of cell-matrix interaction has been increasingly studied. This becomes more important to effectively understand the changes occurring in phagocyte morphology in the context of infection progression, such as in Chagas disease. This disease is caused by the intracellular pathogen Trypanosoma cruzi, capable of infecting macrophages, determinant cells in the anti-trypanosomatid immunity. In the present study, we sought to understand how an in vitro extracellular matrix model interferes with T. cruzi infection in macrophages. Using different time intervals and parasite ratios, we evaluated the cell morphology and parasite replication rate in the presence of 3D collagen I matrix. Nevertheless, microscopy techniques such as scanning electron microscopy were crucial to trace macrophage-matrix interactions. In the present work, we demonstrated for the first time that the macrophage-matrix interaction favors T. cruzi in vitro replication and the release of anti-inflammatory cytokines during macrophage infection, in addition to drastically altering the morphology of the macrophages and promoting the formation of migratory macrophages.
CHICAGO DERMATOLOGICAL SOCIETY

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Leiomyoma Cutis. Presented by Dr. F. E. Senear and Staff.

R. O., a 37 year old white woman, was seen with three small nodules on the right forearm of 21 years' duration. The lesions had been increasing in size gradually and in the previous six months had developed a "pinching feeling." Pain was experienced on exposure to cold. There had been no previous treatment. The three grouped pea-sized nodules on the extensor surface of the right forearm were firm and brownish red. They were moderately tender to touch. Examination of a section taken from one nodule on the right forearm revealed interlacing bundles of smooth muscle traversing the corium in various directions. The muscle fibers contained centrally located, thin, very long, blunt-edged nuclei. The muscle bundles were easily distinguishable from the collagenous tissue. A Van Gieson—stained section, also submitted for study, revealed the muscle fibers as yellow bundles in contrast
Determination of molar mass and solution properties of cationic hydroxyethyl cellulose derivatives by multi‐angle laser light scattering with simultaneous refractive index detection

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract BACKGROUND: A complete understanding of the molar mass and solution properties of raw materials in bio/pharmaceutical products under bio‐application and natural conditions ensures process control, product performance and quality. Biopolymers including polymeric cationic hydroxyethyl cellulose derivatives (e.g. Polyquaterium‐10 or Polymer JR) have long been used in health care formulations including shampoos, lotions, eye drops and contact lens multi‐purpose solutions. Previously reported molar masses and conformation of Polymer JR were based on size exclusion chromatography‐related techniques, which required highly concentrated buffered salt solutions and organic solvent modifiers to prevent undesirable interactions, and did not represent the isotonic conditions in products and applications. RESULTS: This paper describes the characterization of Polymer JR in saline using a new approach that combines micro‐batch mode multi‐angle laser light scattering with simultaneous refractive index measurements (MB‐MALLS‐RI). Mass‐average molar mass, z ‐average radius of gyration and second virial coefficient values in phosphate buffer saline (PBS) were obtained and are discussed in detail. CONCLUSION: The molar mass and solution properties of Polymer JR in PBS, with the same pH and ionic strength as most health care solution products, can be characterized using the MB‐MALLS‐RI technique. The approach is practical and can be widely used for the analysis of other cationic biopolymers. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor of the Stomach

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Ewing sarcoma/primitive neuroectodermal tumor (ES/PNET) is a highly aggressive small round cell tumor that mainly occurs in the bone or soft tissue of children or young adults but is extremely rare in the stomach. A 55-year-old man presented with melena and anemia. On endoscopy, an ulcerofungating mass was observed in the high body and total gastrectomy was performed. Histologically, the mass consisted of small round cells with scanty cytoplasm and inconspicuous nucleoli. They often formed perivascular pseudorosettes and multinucleated giant cells were frequently observed. The tumor cells strongly expressed CD99, FLI1, and chromogranin and weakly expressed synaptophysin and CD56. EWS-FLI1 fusion transcript was confirmed by reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction. ES/PNET is frequently misdiagnosed because of its similarity with small cell carcinoma. Although gastric ES/PNET is very rare, it should be included in differential diagnoses of small round cell tumor in the stomach.
The generalized Casimir operator and tensor representations of groups

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

A new method of the constructing of the basic functions for spaces of tensor representations of the Lie groups, with the help of the generalized Casimir operator, has been proposed. In the definition of the operator there we used the Lie derivatives instead of the corresponding infinitesimal operators. When introducing the generalized Casimir operator we used the metric for which a group being considered will be isometry that follows from the invariance condition for the generalized Casimir operator. This allows us to formulate the eigenvalue and eigenfunction problems correctly. The invariant projection operators have been constructed in order to separate irreducible components. The cases of the Bianchi type G3IX and G3II groups are considered as examples.
[Development of the angioarchitecture and microcirculatory characteristics in rat tumor].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Using a rat transparent chamber and a device for measurement of microvascular pressure, we observed tumor vascularization process in vivo and measured the daily change in pressure of a "starting vessel" which supplies blood to the tumor vascular network. Results were summarized as follows: (1) The position from which tumor vessels originated was usually the terminal portion of a terminal arteriole (starting vessel). The frequency with which new capillaries originated from vein and venule was very low. (2) Pressure of a starting vessel increased from 30-40 cm H2O (22-30 mmHg) to 120-130 cm H2O (88-96 mmHg) with enlargement of the tumor vascular network. As soon as pressure of a starting vessel reached a plateau, no-flow vessels appeared in places within a tumor. (3) Pressure of a starting vessel was elevated by angiotensin II. In turn, the elevated pressure of a starting vessel brought about a marked increase in tumor blood flow, resulting in the blood flow in no-flow vessels.
Phenotypic features of RETREG1‐related hereditary sensory autonomic neuropathy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background and Aims Homozygous loss‐of‐function mutations in the RETREG1 gene result in Hereditary Sensory Autonomic Neuropathy Type 2B. Clinical features include pain loss, autonomic disturbances, and upper motor neuron features. Methods We evaluated the clinical and genetic features of seven patients from four families with RETREG1 variants. Results Five patients were male. The median age of disease onset was 7.00 ± 2.81 (between 2 and 10 years). A combination of painless wounds, trophic changes, and foot ulcerations was the presenting symptom in five patients and walking difficulties in two. Motor symptoms were present in five patients. In a median disease duration of 30.00 ± 12.88 years, five patients had osteomyelitis, and three had toe amputations. A history of renal disease was present in one family. In another family, three affected siblings had short stature and a history of delayed puberty. Although sensory signs predominated the clinical findings, various degrees of motor signs such as muscle weakness, spasticity, and brisk tendon reflexes were noted in all patients. Nerve conduction studies showed axonal sensory‐motor neuropathy in five patients and sensory neuropathy in two. Three pathogenic variants were identified in the RETREG1 gene. Two unrelated patients had a homozygous c.433C > T/p.(Gln145*), one a homozygous c.826delA/p.(Ser276Valfs*8), and the last had a novel homozygous c.102delC/p.(Ala35Glnfs*349) variants. Interpretation In our study, all patients showed signs and symptoms consistent with pain insensitivity. Although shadowed by sensory symptoms, motor signs were noted in our patients. Further studies are necessary to clarify the causal relationship between extra‐neurological features and RETREG1 mutations.
Human pattern-evoked electroretinogram

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

We have recorded electroretinographic (ERG) responses to grating patterns whose spatial, temporal, and contrast parameters were varied. The resultant evoked potential is dependent on spatial frequency and it exhibits a spatial band-pass characteristic. The peak frequency is dependent on retinal eccentricity. These findings are independent of temporal frequency, contrast, or mean luminance in the photopic range. These results suggest that the pattern ERG originates from a postreceptoral site.
Evaluation of the measurement and evaluation curriculum for teacher preparation institutes from the point of view of the students of the Department of Arabic Language and Social Studies

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The research seeks to evaluate the curriculum of measurement and evaluation for the fourth grade in the teacher preparation institutes in Maysan Governorate from the point of view of the students of the Department of Arabic Language and Social Studies, and to indicate the extent to which this subject and its teaching relate to the student's scientific specialization.
Introducing a Convolutional Neural Network and Visualization of its Filters for Classification of EEG Signal for SSVEP Task

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Purpose: Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) systems are able to understand and execute commands through processing brain signals. It has numerous applications in the field of biomedical engineering such as rehabilitation, biometric and entertainment. A BCI system consists of four major parts: signal acquisition, signal pre-processing, feature extraction and classification. Steady State Visually Evoked Potentials (SSVEP) is one of the most common paradigms in BCI systems, which is generally a response to visual stimuli with the frequency between 5 to 60 Hz. Materials and Methods: In this study, we suggest a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) based model for the classification of EEG signal during SSVEP task. For the evaluation, the model was tested with different channels and electrodes. Results: Results show that channels number 138 and 139 have the great potential to appropriately classify EEG signal. Conclusion: Using the suggested model and the mentioned channels, the accuracy of 73.74% could be achieved in this study.