jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Tritium as a Tracer of Leachate Contamination in Groundwater: A Brief Review of Tritium Anomalies Method

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Environmental isotopes are essential in hydrogeological studies, thanks to their contribution to the understanding of aquifers dynamics, vulnerability, water resources assessment, and management issues. The environmental isotopic approach plays a vital role in tracing the hydrological cycle and identifying various sources of contamination in the environment and gives independent information concerning what can be determined by a traditional hydrogeological study. Even in the framework of COP-26, isotopes have been indicated as fingerprints of climate change and therefore suitable for the evaluation of water balance and assessment of processes involved therein; in pollution studies they are used as fundamental support of traditional geochemical measures. Tritium, in particular, has been used since the 1960s to identify potential leaks in the containment walls of waste disposal sites, since its presence in the leachate (at very high levels in some cases) depends on the incorrect waste disposal of some peculiar items. Its use as a tracer of pollution by landfills is highlighted and emphasized by the very low concentrations of tritium in the natural environment. By comparing tritium content of leachate to that of water downflow from the waste disposal site, it is therefore possible to establish with a good success rate whether leachate have migrated or not out of the landfill, in the surrounding environment. An additional potential of tritium is to give a prompt indication of pollution risk in the environment indicating leaching even before the chemical indicator of pollution can be detected. This article wants to provide a contribution to the scientific community, collecting all the existing research in this field and providing data and benchmarks about this method, in particular stressing the role of tritium as an indicator of leachate transfer out of waste disposal sites.
Feed additives in animal nutrition: Quantification of a new adrenergic drug by hyphenated techniques

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Zilpaterol, (±)‐ trans ‐4,5,6,7‐tetrahydro‐7‐hydroxy‐6‐(isopropylamino) imidazo [4,5,1‐ jk ]‐[1]benzazepin‐2(1 H )‐one, is an adrenergic agonist drug licensed in Mexico and South Africa as feed additive for cattle at slaughter age. In contrast, the EU legislative framework prohibits the use of beta‐agonists as growth promoters to produce lean meat. In this study, the compound was quantified as its TMS derivative both by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) with a quadrupole detector (QUADR) and by GC‐MS/MS with an ion trap detector (ITD), in Electron Impact (EI) ionization. Subsequently, an extraction and clean‐up procedure for the identification of Zilpaterol in commercial feeds was set up. Different extraction solvents and matrices were considered for their influence on Zilpaterol yield. The analytical method led to good recoveries and limits of detection and quantification in feeds well below the 5–20 μg/g dose proposed for animal nutrition.
Comparison of feature selection in radiomics for the prediction of overall survival after radiotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the sixth more frequent cancer worldwide. This type of cancer has a poor overall survival rate mainly due to underlying cirrhosis and risk of recurrence outside the treated lesion. Quantitative imaging within a radiomics workflow may help assessing the probability of survival and potentially may allow tailoring personalized treatments. In radiomics a large amount of features can be extracted, which may be correlated across a population and very often can be surrogates of the same physiopathology. This issues are more pronounced and difficult to tackle with imbalanced data. Feature selection strategies are therefore required to extract the most informative with the increased predictive capabilities. In this paper, we compared different unsupervised and supervised strategies for feature selection in presence of imbalanced data and optimize them within a machine learning framework. Multi-parametric Magnetic Resonance Images from 81 individuals (19 deceased) treated with stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for inoperable (HCC) were analyzed. Pre-selection of a reduced set of features based on Affinity Propagation clustering (non supervised) achieved a significant improvement in AUC compared to other approaches with and without feature pre-selection. By including the synthetic minority over-sampling technique (SMOTE) for imbalanced data and Random Forest classification this workflow emerges as an appealing feature selection strategy for survival prediction within radiomics studies.
Effects of Cooperative Learning and Motivation on Student Performance and Satisfaction during Woodball Instruction

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of cooperative learning and motivation on student performance and satisfaction. Participants used either a cooperative or individual learning strategy while receiving instructional information, skill practice, and feedback during a woodball lesson. After receiving specific directions for implementing individual versus cooperative strategies, 60 university students, classified as high and low need for affiliation as a motivation factor were randomly assigned to treatments. Students completed an instructional woodball lesson, and the effects of cooperative learning and motivational factors were examined across the posttest. Satisfaction was also assessed. Results revealed that students in the low need for affiliation treatment outperformed those in the high need for affiliation treatment when the significant main effects on motivational factors were considered. Howeve, the results did not reveal a significant main effect for instructional method. This finding does not appear to support the large body of literature from motor skill instruction and traditional learning environments that cooperative learning is superior to individual conditions. This could be due to the nature of the sport when students participated in the various skill learning conditions. Furthermore, the results revealed a significant interaction between instructional method and motivational factors. The results indicated that the performance of participants with a high need for affiliation who worked alone was significantly lower than that of all other groups on the posttest. In addition, the data suggest that participants who worked cooperatively reported greater overall satisfaction with the instruction than those who worked individually. The implications for cooperative learning on motivational strategies for physical education, and future research directions are also discussed.
A letter in Thai from Thalang in 1777

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The subject of this communication is a letter in Thai (Siamese), dated the equivalent of 1777, to Francis Light who occupied the island of Penang as agent of the East India Company in 1786 and became its first Superintendent. Light had been a trader on the coast since about 1771 where he was particularly concerned with Kedah and with the island of Thalang (Salang)usually known to Europeans as Junk Ceylon. His sphere of activity extended westward to the ports of the Coromandel coast and to Bengal and eastward as for as Bangkok. At the date in question thecapital of Siam was at Thonburi on the west bank of the Chao Phya river before its transfer to its present site on the east bank in 1782. The whole area had long been konwn as Bankok or Bankok to foreign traders
SPECULATIVE BUBBLES Ã¢â‚¬â€œ A BEHAVIORAL APPROACH

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this paper is to explain briefly from a behavioral point of view, the appearance and the development of speculative bubbles in financial markets. In the first part of the paper, we have presented the most known speculative bubbles among the history and the principal factors causing them (structural, cultural and behavioral factors). In the second part of the paper we have briefly presented the four main stages of developing speculative bubbles. In the last part of the paper we have concluded that besides the general opinion that bubbles make more harm to investors and economies, the human history has provided us the lesson that some of the bubbles have offered us genuine collective social gains: Apollo program, Human Genome Project and the Dot.com bubbles in the early 2000s. As some studies reflect, besides of the fact the some investors have lost all their money during those bubbles (Dot.com), nowadays we all enjoy the IT infrastructure realized with all those heaps of money that were frenetically invested in.
Algorithm for web services matching

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

\n\t\t\t\t\tUDDI is a standard for publishing and discovery of web services. UDDI registries provide keyword searches for web services. The search functionality is very simple and fails to account for relationships between web services. In this paper, we propose an algorithm which retrieves closely related web services. The proposed algorithm is based on singular value decomposition (SVD) in linear algebra, which reveals semantic relationships among web services. The preliminary evaluation shows the effectiveness and feasibility of the algorithm.<br />\n\t\t\t\t
Repurposing Anticancer Drugs Targeting the MAPK/ERK Signaling Pathway for the Treatment of Respiratory Virus Infections

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Respiratory virus infections remain a significant challenge to human health and the social economy. The symptoms range from mild rhinitis and nasal congestion to severe lower respiratory tract dysfunction and even mortality. The efficacy of therapeutic drugs targeting respiratory viruses varies, depending upon infection time and the drug resistance engendered by a high frequency of viral genome mutations, necessitating the development of new strategies. The MAPK/ERK pathway that was well delineated in the 1980s represents a classical signaling cascade, essential for cell proliferation, survival, and differentiation. Since this pathway is constitutively activated in many cancers by oncogenes, several drugs inhibiting Raf/MEK/ERK have been developed and currently used in anticancer treatment. Two decades ago, it was reported that viruses such as HIV and influenza viruses could exploit the host cellular MAPK/ERK pathway for their replication. Thus, it would be feasible to repurpose this category of the pathway inhibitors for the treatment of respiratory viral infections. The advantage is that the host genes are not easy to mutate such that the drug resistance rarely occurs during short-period treatment of viruses. Therefore, in this review we will summarize the research progress on the role of the MAPK/ERK pathway in respiratory virus amplification and discuss the potential of the pathway inhibitors (MEK inhibitors) in the treatment of respiratory viral infections.
Technology of pedagogical goal setting

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Based on the theory of pedagogical goal-setting, the monograph reveals the ways to achieve goals as a planned result obtained at each lesson, during the transition from one topic to another, during the school year and all years of study. This book, which includes the technology of pedagogical goal-setting, solves a two-pronged problem: it provides an opportunity to improve the professional skills of each teacher and contributes to improving the effectiveness of managing the development of education from the point of view of the requirements of modern state standards and curricula as an integral process. For teachers, head teachers, Directors of educational institutions, methodologists and heads of educational bodies.
Compact WR-3 Filter with Improved Rejection Properties by Double Source-Load Cross-Coupling

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper describes the realization of a fourth order waveguide filter, which is designed in the WR-3 frequency band (220 GHz - 330 GHz). The filter implements a classical quadruplet topology. A cross-coupling between the first and fourth resonator realizes a pair of transmission zeros (TZs) to improve the near passband rejection properties. A source to load (SL) cross-coupling is added to the topology for the realization of further TZs. In comparison to former investigations, the SL cross-coupling proposed here consists of two individual coupling slots. An SL cross-coupling in waveguide technique can be designed to show a dispersive behaviour, wherefore additional TZs can be introduced to the filter response. A double slot coupling aperture increases the degrees of freedom with respect to placing these additional TZs. As a result, in total seven TZs in the WR-3 frequency band are generated. Six of these TZs can be placed nearly symmetrically above and below the passband. An adapted coupling matrix description as well as a discrete equivalent circuit are proposed as well. Furthermore, parameter studies are carried out and measurement results are compared to simulation.
Exploring Explicit And Implicit Visual Relationships For Image Captioning

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Image captioning is one of the most challenging tasks in AI, which aims to automatically generate textual sentences for an image. Recent methods for image captioning follow encoder-decoder framework that transforms the sequence of salient regions in an image into natural language descriptions. However, these models usually lack the comprehensive undemanding of the contextual interactions reflected on various visual relationships between objects. In this paper, we explore explicit and implicit visual relationships to enrich region-level representations for image captioning. Explicitly, we build semantic graph over object pairs and exploit gated graph convolutional networks (Gated GCN) to selectively aggregate local neighbors' information. Implicitly, we draw global interactions among the detected objects through region-based bidirectional encoder representations from transformers (Region BERT) without extra relational annotations. To evaluate the effectiveness and superiority of our proposed method, we conduct extensive experiments on Microsoft COCO bench-mark and achieve remarkable improvements compared with strong baselines.
Kristeva's Reformation

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In my brief remarks, I consider what it means to return and rebind—that is to say, the significance of the re for Kristeva’s thought. Kristeva does not just talk about binding or birth, or unbinding or death, but rather rebinding and rebirth, suggesting that it is a retrospective return rather than an original moment that is crucial. The most significant moment, then, is not the moment of imaginary plenitude, nor the moment of originary loss, but rather the moment of rebirth that comes through rebinding after the loss of plenitude. Indeed, Kristeva’s insistence on re-turning suggests that there is no originary moment of plenitude nor of castration or loss, but rather a constant movement of compensation for a recurrent loss. By emphasizing rebinding and rebirth, she underscores not the loss as cutting wound but rather the healing power of signification, always already inherent within loss. The flip-side of separation is reattachment. And rather than just focus on the separation or cut, Kristeva looks to that which allows us to rebind and reattach in order to create relations that sustain us. Both unbinding and binding are necessary for rebinding. Thus, by focusing on rebinding, Kristeva insists on the process of unbinding and binding, and the oscillation between them.
Land2Sea database, Version 2.0

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Expansion (version 2.0) of the original Land2Sea database of exorheic rivers (Peucker-Ehrenbrink, 2009, doi:10.1029/2008GC002356) that contains information on 1519 rivers, with additional literature estimates of basin size, water discharge (runoff) under current conditions and prior to human intervention, suspended sediment discharge under current conditions and prior to human intervention, estimate of sediment bedload flux, dissolved strontium concentration and radiogenic isotope value as well as particulate (silt or clay) neodymium concentration, isotope composition and Nd model ages. A large addition to the original river database that contains a significant amount of data from the compilation of Meybeck and Ragu (1996) is from Milliman and Farnsworth (2011). The compilation is not yet geo-referenced. The 2156 rivers are sorted alphabetically within each large-scale drainage region (Graham et al., 1999, 2000). In addition, the compilation includes data on sizes of, and sediment discharge from 48 small islands in Oceania with very high sediment yields.Any errors in transcribing data or converting units from their primary sources into this compilation are entirely mine.Acknowledgements: BPE acknowledges financial support from NSR-EAR-0087697, -0125873, -1226818 and ICER-1639557, as well as from WHOI's Investment in Research and Development Fund.
An Introduction to Linear Algebra: A Curricular Unit for Pre-Calculus Students

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Matrices are important mathematical tools that facilitate the process of organizing and manipulating data. In this work, the matrix operations of addition, subtraction, scalar multiplication, and matrix multiplication are built logically from the intuition of the students and their knowledge of real numbers. From this knowledge, the concepts of inverses, determinants, and consistency and inconsistency of linear systems of equations are formed. Interesting applications of matrices in the areas of Markov chains, curve fitting, and eigenpairs are included and are not beyond the comprehension of pre-calculus students when they are presented carefully. Pre-calculus students can also appreciate many of the numerical challenges that can be encountered when real-world problems are solved; therefore, we include a discussion of some of these topics.
Equitable access to cancer services

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND Barriers to cancer care have been documented in nearly all settings and populations; such barriers represent potentially avoidable morbidity or mortality. A conceptual framework was used to describe patient, provider, and system barriers to cancer services. METHODS A review of the English language literature on cancer care from 1980–1998 was conducted; key research was summarized for each domain in the conceptual model. RESULTS Key patient barriers are related to old age, minority race, and low socioeconomic class; the common pathways by which these sociodemographic factors appear to mediate cancer outcomes include social class and race-related or class-related attitudes. Providers are often ill-prepared to communicate the complexities of cancer care to their diverse patient populations; constraints of the medical care system also can impede the delivery of care. To the authors' knowledge the impact of the rapid growth in managed care organizations (MCOs) on access to care has yet to be evaluated fully. Although MCOs historically have provided high levels of cancer screening in healthy populations, to the authors' knowledge there are fewer data regarding outcomes for elderly and poor populations and for treatment services. CONCLUSIONS Additional research is needed to develop and test interventions to overcome barriers to care and evaluate the impact of the growth of managed care on access to cancer care for diverse populations. Cancer 1999;86:2378–90. © 1999 American Cancer Society.
Bacillus subtilis Promotes Cucumber Growth and Quality under Higher Nutrient Solution by Altering the Rhizospheric Microbial Community

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Bacillus subtilis was applied in peat-based soilless cultivation systems containing a mixed substrate (peat:vermiculite:perlite = 2:1:1, v/v/v) and irrigated by one-strength or four-strength Hoagland’s nutrient solution to explore whether it can alleviate inhibition by higher-nutrient solutions (four-strength) and bring benefits to improvements of quality. The results showed that higher-nutrient solutions improved the flavor quality of cucumber fruit; especially, the contents of (E,Z)-2,6-nonadienal and (E)-2-Nonenal were effectively increased, which are the special flavor substances of cucumber. B. subtilis K424 effectively improved growth performance, photosynthetic capacity, vitamin C content, soluble sugars, soluble protein, and total pectin in cucumber under higher nutrition solution conditions. Compared with the higher solution treatment, the bacterial diversity significantly increased, whereas the presence of fungi had no significant difference following the B. subtilis K424 application. Moreover, B. subtilis K424 reduced the relative abundance of Actinomadura and promoted that of the Rhodanobacter, Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Devosiaceae, and Blastobotrys genera. Redundancy analysis showed that Bacillus, Rhodanobacter, and Blastobotrys were positively correlated with the substrate enzyme of sucrase, catalase, and urease. This study provides insight that B. subtilis K424 mitigated the deleterious effects of high levels of nutrition solution on cucumber growth and quality by improving the substrate enzyme, regulating the microbial community structure, and enhancing the photosynthetic capacity.
Al- farabi: a philosopher of education

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Although during the Farabi age philosophy of education did not have an independent identity but with searching in his idea one may find out some concepts which are putforward in our today education. This means that Farabi after the Jaber Ebn Hayan and Kendy was the third moslem philosopher who developed new concepts. In this paper it is intended elaborate Farabi’s Idea through a analytical-historical and descriptive method. It is also aims to find out about his views on curriculum and foundation of education methods. The study has made it clear that in less than one century from the beginning of Islam, Muslim scholars have attended to such important fields of educational effectively
Parenting Narratives Among Methamphetamine Using Mothers and Fathers

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

We examine the narratives of parents and stepparents who used methamphetamine to uncover how they talk about parenting decisions relating to their children using drugs. We find that parents draw on themes of protecting children from harm to justify their decisions and to frame themselves as responsible parents. Whereas most said that they would not use with their children, those who did justified their choices by saying they were protecting their children. Regardless of whether they used with their children or not, parents narratively framed their decisions in ways that they believed reflected parenting beliefs common in their social setting. Our findings suggest that one’s ability to frame parenting decisions in culturally accepted practices can facilitate intergenerational drug use.