jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
[Determining the biological activity of levorin by the international standard of candicidin].

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Levorin and candicidin represent close mixtures of heptaenic components. Their physicochemical and biological properties were also close. The antibiotics showed similar diffusive properties in their assay by the agar diffusion method. This made it possible to determine activity of the Soviet levorin standard by the International candicidin standard. For defining the levorin unit in the international units of candicidin, a scaling ratio of 9 was proposed.
An Error Modified Grey Theory for Forecasting International Oil Price

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

The international oil price has fluctuated in a relatively large amplitude fluctuation in recent years, so the accurately prediction of the crude oil price is very important for a country and a company. There are a lot of means to forecast the trend of things, but if the problem is uncertain and the information is lacking, grey system theory (GST) is an efficient method. In this work we forecast the international crude oil price by using the grey system theory and creating a MATLBA program to achieve it. In order to improve the prediction accuracy, we modified the prediction results.
Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Deaths Attributable to Antimicrobial Resistance, Latin America

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Antimicrobial resistance is a pressing global health concern, leading to 4.95 million deaths in 2019. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the lethality attributed to infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) in Latin America and the Caribbean. A comprehensive search of major databases retrieved relevant studies from 2000-2022. We included 54 observational studies, primarily from Brazil, Argentina, and Colombia. The most commonly studied organism was methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. The overall unadjusted case fatality rate related to MDROs was 45.0%; higher adjusted lethality was observed in persons infected with MDROs than in those infected with other pathogens (adjusted odds ratio 1.93, 95% CI 1.58-2.37). A higher lethality rate was seen in patients who did not receive appropriate empirical treatment (odds ratio 2.27, 95% CI 1.44-3.56). These findings underscore the increased lethality associated with antimicrobial resistance in Latin America and the Caribbean.
Identification of Common Subpopulations of Non-Sorbitol-Fermenting, β-Glucuronidase-Negative Escherichia coli O157:H7 from Bovine Production Environments and Human Clinical Samples

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Non-sorbitol-fermenting, β-glucuronidase-negative Escherichia coli O157:H7 strains are regarded as a clone complex, and populations from different geographical locations are believed to share a recent common ancestor. Despite their relatedness, high-resolution genotyping methods can detect significant genome variation among different populations. Phylogenetic analysis of high-resolution genotyping data from these strains has shown that subpopulations from geographically unlinked continents can be divided into two primary phylogenetic lineages, termed lineage I and lineage II, and limited studies of the distribution of these lineages suggest there could be differences in their propensity to cause disease in humans or to be transmitted to humans. Because the genotyping methods necessary to discriminate the two lineages are tedious and subjective, these methods are not particularly suited for studying the large sets of strains that are required to systematically evaluate the ecology and transmission characteristics of these lineages. To overcome this limitation, we have developed a lineage-specific polymorphism assay (LSPA) that can readily distinguish between the lineage I and lineage II subpopulations. In the studies reported here, we describe the development of a six-marker test (LSPA-6) and its validation in a side-by-side comparison with octamer-based genome scanning. Analysis of over 1,400 O157:H7 strains with the LSPA-6 demonstrated that five genotypes comprise over 91% of the strains, suggesting that these subpopulations may be widespread.
SIERRA Multimechanics Module: Aria Verification Manual (V.5.20)

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Presented in this document is a portion of the tests that exist in the Sierra Thermal/Fluids verification test suite. Each of these tests is run nightly with the Sierra/TF code suite and the results of the test checked under mesh refinement against the correct analytic result. For each of the tests presented in this document the test setup, derivation of the analytic solution, and comparison of the code results to the analytic solution is provided.
Dark Star Orchestra Live at Mexicali Blues Cafe on 2005-06-06

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Disc 1 Set 1: 01. Intro 02. Wave That Flag 03. Me & My Uncle 04. B. E. Women 05. BIODTL 06. Loser 07. L. L. Rain 08. Row Jimmy 09. You Ain't Woman Enough 10. Box Of Rain 11. Mexicali Disc 2 Set 1 (Con't): 01. Sugaree 02. Around 03. China Cat> 04. I Know You Rider Set 2 05. Intro 06. Jack Straw* 07. Half Step* 08. Truckin*> Disc 3 Set 2 (Con't): 01. Drums> 02. Eyes*> 03. Stella Blue* 04. Sugar Magnolia 05. Casey Jones 06. Crowd 07. Johnny B. Goode (encore) 08. Don't Ease (filler)
Experimental Spectroscopic, Computational, Hirshfeld Surface, Molecular Docking Investigations on 1H-Indole-3-Carbaldehyde

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

1H-Indole-3-carbaldehyde (1H-I3A) was investigated experimentally by NMR (1H-NMR and 13 C-NMR in solution form), FT-Raman, FT-IR, UV-Visible and quantum chemically by DFT approach. 3 D and 2 D surface analysis was carried by Hirshfeld surface analysis. The B3LYP method and the 6-311++G(d,p) basis set were used to optimize the molecular structure and vibrational modes. Optimized binding parameters and experimental binding parameters are in good agreement. VEDA (Vibrational Energy Distribution analysis) successfully carried out and complete tasks for the distribution of potential energy. 1H-NMR and 13 C-NMR shifts were estimated with GIAO method and the results compared with experimental spectra. The TDDFT method and the PCM solvent model were used for the analysis of electronic properties such as UV-Vis (in the gas phase, methanol and DMSO) and compared with the experimental UV-Vis spectra. The HOMO/LUMO energy results underscore that sufficient charge transfer has taken place within the molecule. Studies of donor-acceptor connections were performed using NBO analysis. The MEP surface analysis was performed and charge distribution was demonstrated. The degree of relative localization of electrons was analyzed using the FLF diagram. The Fukui functional analysis to find possible points of attack for various substituents. Molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) was created and 3-D color representation shows reactive sites. Study of donor-acceptor interconnections were done via NBO analysis. The biological study like molecular docking was done with 7 different receptors to find the best ligand-protein interactions and drug similarities.
Aviary Specialization Changes

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Migration is an essential ecological process highly influenced by anthropogenic factors, spatiotemporal pressures and climate change; studying migratory species is thus of conservatory importance. Here, we analyzed the effects of urbanization on natural populations through the temporal study of bird dynamics in the Montreal Metropolitan Community between 1990 and 2016. Data from 344 species over 82 municipalities was collected from the eBird database in order to measure changes in Community Specialization Index (CSI) and observe which types of habitats exhibit stronger biotic homogenization. Presence-absence data, seasonal migratory patterns and population compositions with time did not present evidence of a decrease in CSI over the study period. In fact, it increased in the beginning, which was most likely due to a greater number of recorded observations and sampled municipalities. However, almost all regions showed a decrease in average Species Specialization Index (SSI) values with time, suggesting that urbanization plays a role in homogenizing biological communities. Here, you will find all the the datasets and scripts used to recreate this study.
Subdural Haematoma in Infancy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The unsuspected subdural haematoma of infancy remains a numerically small but significant cause of mental retardation and physical handicap.Ingraham and Matson (1944), in their now classical paper, stressed that this condition must be actively sought if cases are not to be missed.Statten (1948) commented that their paper had stimulated interest at the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, and, as a result, in the next 16 months an average of one case a month was diagnosed, whereas previously the average had been one case a year.The condition has received scant attention in the British literature apart from a report of 18 cases by Guthkelch (1953).During four years of study he found that of all surgical conditions of the central nervous system seen in the first two years of life only spina bifida and hydrocephalus were more common than subdural haematoma.The purpose of this paper is to review 25 cases seen in the Children's Department of King's College Hospital and in the Guy's-Maudsley Neurosurgical Unit during the years 1953-63, with particular reference to the presenting features, and to assess the prognosis.Sixteen of these cases were seen initially at King's College Hospital in the ordinary run of a paediatric service.The 25 cases came from widely different sources, and although some of the cases referred to the Guy's-Maudsley Neurosurgical Unit had had previous subdural taps it did not seem likely that the taps were the cause of the bleeding. Case MaterialAge and Sex.-The 25 patients were all under the age of 2 years.Sixteen (64%) presented in the first six months of life, six of these in the neonatal period (Table I).There were 15 males and 10 females.
Settlement predictions of embankments on organic soils in engineering practice

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Settlement predictions for conventional reclamations are modeled as a one-dimensional problem. First the historical background of 1D compression and consolidation models is discussed followed by the presentation of Dutch engineering practice. The concept of isotache models and the consequences of natural and linear strain formulations are specifically emphasized. The quality of the presented laboratory data, which is representative for engineering practice, clearly indicates the limitations for application of more advanced models.
Exploiting transfer learning for the reconstruction of the human gene regulatory network

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Motivation The reconstruction of gene regulatory networks (GRNs) from gene expression data has received increasing attention in recent years, due to its usefulness in the understanding of regulatory mechanisms involved in human diseases. Most of the existing methods reconstruct the network through machine learning approaches, by analyzing known examples of interactions. However, (i) they often produce poor results when the amount of labeled examples is limited, or when no negative example is available and (ii) they are not able to exploit information extracted from GRNs of other (better studied) related organisms, when this information is available. Results In this paper, we propose a novel machine learning method that overcomes these limitations, by exploiting the knowledge about the GRN of a source organism for the reconstruction of the GRN of the target organism, by means of a novel transfer learning technique. Moreover, the proposed method is natively able to work in the positive-unlabeled setting, where no negative example is available, by fruitfully exploiting a (possibly large) set of unlabeled examples. In our experiments, we reconstructed the human GRN, by exploiting the knowledge of the GRN of Mus musculus. Results showed that the proposed method outperforms state-of-the-art approaches and identifies previously unknown functional relationships among the analyzed genes. Availability and implementation http://www.di.uniba.it/∼mignone/systems/biosfer/index.html. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
AKTIVITAS EKSTRAK KASAR ENZIM AMILASE DARI BAKTERI Aeromonas hydrophila ISOLAT M1S2 ASAL LAHAN RAWA MANDIANGIN, KALIMANTAN SELATAN

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Aeromonas hydrophilla isolate M1S2 was isolated from Mandiangin swampy soil, South Kalimantan, and showed potential amylolytic activity by producing an amylase enzyme. This study aims to qualitatively and quantitatively analyze the ability of isolate M1S2 to hydrolyze starch substrate, measure amylase enzyme activity and specific activity of amylase enzyme crude extract, and analyze the effect of temperature and pH on amylase enzyme activity. The results of this study showed that isolate M1S2 was able to hydrolyze starch substrate with an amylolytic index of 1.23. In addition, the Fehling test indicated that the isolate produced amylase enzyme in the culture medium. The amylase enzyme activity and specific activity of isolate M1S2 were 0,00072 U/mL and 0.1634 U/mg, respectively. The amylase enzyme reached optimum activity at 40 0C and pH 6.
Predicting Facial Attractiveness Within an Individual's Portraits Using Siamese Networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

People often have to decide which photograph of themselves to include in a portfolio or album, or share online. When making this choice, people are usually guided by what they think others will deem attractive. There is some consensus as to which portraits are the most attractive, and which ones are the least attractive. The goal of this thesis is to predict which photo of an individual is the most popular among viewers. In this work, we show experimentally that there is agreement among people regarding the attractiveness of an individuals photo and that it is possible to model and predict which photos are the most popular. We collected a dataset featuring portfolio pictures of actors and actresses, models and singers. Human votes for these images were also collected. We then trained a siamese network with a ranking loss function to predict the relative ranking of images. Predictions were made on the test set using one side of the network. We compared these predictions with the human votes and were able to achieve an accuracy of 61%.
Chemical and functional properties of fermented, roasted and germinated tamarind (Tamarindus indica) seed flours

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Purpose – This paper aims to focus on the effect of fermentation, roasting and germination on tamarind seed flour. Design/methodology/approach – Tamarind seeds were treated using three different methods, namely, fermentation, roasting and germination. Fermentation was allowed for four days, roasting was carried out at 180°C at three time regimens of 10, 15 and 20 min and germination was done at 10, 15 and 20 days. Samples were analysed at intervals for proximate composition, antinutritional factors and functional properties using standard methods. Findings – Protein, crude fat, crude fibre contents and pH increased significantly ( p < 0.05) as fermentation progressed, while ash content and carbohydrate reduced. Protein, crude fat and crude fibre contents decreased significantly ( p < 0.05) as roasting progressed, while ash content, carbohydrate and pH increased. Protein and crude fibre contents increased significantly ( p < 0.05) as germination progressed, while crude fat, ash content, carbohydrate and pH reduced. Processing resulted in significant reduction of the phytate, tannin and trypsin inhibitor. Practical implications – Processed seeds of Tamarindus indica can be used to fortify local cereals (millet/maize) with other ingredients to produce complementary foods with good nutritional quality and consequently as a tool for meeting community nutritional needs. Originality/value – The paper has demonstrated effect of fermentation, roasting and germination in enhancement of functional and nutritional properties of tamarind seed flour for utilization as a food ingredient.
The biological effects of microwave irradiation in mouse tumor

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This work studies the efficacy of the chitosan and electromagnetic wave treatment for the liver tumor in mice. The liver tumor model was applied to 70 mice, divided into 7 groups. 5 groups were treated by feeding different molecular masses of chitosan. One group was treated by 3GHz electromagnetic wave. From the experimental results of the survival rate, the lowest molecular mass of chitosan (Oligo) obtained the best survival result of 9 mice. In addition, according to the histopathological slices, the cell differentiation was observed in the electromagnetic wave group.
In the margins of training and learning

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the distribution of learning and training opportunities in the Finnish workforce. It will concentrate on the sectors of the workforce that lack these opportunities. Design/methodology/approach The Working Conditions Barometer (WCB) data from 2008, 2009 and 2010 are used ( N = 3,326) in this investigation. The focus of the study is to examine those employees whose learning and training opportunities fail to match the positive visions of the current “super professional hype”. The problems associated with the workforce training margin are considered as a part of the so-called work process debate. Findings Findings suggest that age, gender, type of industry and socioeconomic status have an independent influence on an individual’s presence in the training margin: women, older employees, employees in manufacturing and the private service sector and manual workers have a greater risk than others do. The relative differences between the social classes are still prevalent: incapacity and marginalization are primarily working class problems. Practical implications The workers should collectively demand certain benefits more forcefully, even when working under fixed-term contracts. Employers should be pressured to organise development opportunities and training for the fixed-term employees, including the type of training that not only benefits an employee in that one company but also the employees’ working life in general. Employers should be persuaded to organise the type of training that improves the chances of a fixed-term or otherwise powerless employee to find a new, perhaps better and more secure job. Originality/value Because the percentage of response to the WCB is exceptionally high, 80 per cent on average, the information obtained from the random sample can be generalised to represent all of the working wage earners in Finland and in a European context as well.
Studying Multi‐level Governance. Examples from French Translations of the Structural Funds

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The term ‘multi‐level governance’ synthesizes the overlapping nature of the European Union and implicit theories of EU‐state‐subnational interdependence. Although stimulating as an overriding framework, the concept’s explanatory powers are not self‐evident. Using illustrations from implementation of the structural funds within three French regions, this article endeavours to operationalize multi‐level governance by concentrating upon what it could help to study and what it might contribute in terms of analysing change. A case is made for focusing research upon variations in patterns of governance through developing a rapprochment between the study of public action and that of political representation.
Effect of Level of Dietary Calcium-Phophorus during Growth and Gestation on Performance, Blood and Bone Parameters of Swine

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

One-hundred and ninety-two crossbred weanling gilts (7.25 kg) were assigned to one of two treatments—(A) .65% Ca, .50% P or (B) .975% Ca, .75% P—and fed to an average weight of 92.8 kilograms. Average daily gain (.65 and .67 kg, respectively) and feed/gain were not affected by dietary treatment, but average daily feed intake was lower (P<.05) for gilts on treatment A (1.87 vs 1.95 kg). At the end of the growth phase, 96 gilts were slaughtered and bone strength parameters and physical characteristics were examined. Average peak force and bending moment of the third and fourth metatarsal bones were lower (P<.001) for gilts fed treatment A. However, no difference in maximum stress was observed between treatment groups. In phase 2, gilts from phase 1 were randomly allotted to two gestation treatments: (A) 13 g Ca, 10 g P/day, and (B) 19.5 g Ca, 15 g P/day. Gestation group A included 23 of the 45 gilts from growth treatment A (phase 1) while gestation group B contained the remaining 22 gilts from growth treatment A. The 46 gilts that had been fed growth treatment B were assigned to gestation groups in the same way. Gilts were individually fed until 109 days of gestation and given a lactation diet containing .75% Ca, .50% P for an average of 42 days. Analysis of the fourth metatarsal showed lower (P<.05) peak force values for gilts in gestation group A than for those in group B. Of the 23 gilts originally allotted to the combined growth-gestation treatment AA, seven had to be removed because they were unable to stand. These results suggest that levels of .65% Ca, .50% P from 7 to 93 kg and 13 g Ca, 10 g P/day during gestation are not adequate to meet Ca and P requirements of the gilt during growth and gestation.
Pakistan's Changing Outlook on Kashmir

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Having remained wedded to Kashmir as an ‘armed self-determination conflict’ for over five decades, Pakistan under General Pervez Musharraf seems to be changing course in favour of a diplomatic settlement that would be acceptable to India, Pakistan and the Kashmiris. This changing Pakistani outlook on Kashmir is clearly reflected in President Musharraf ’s advocacy of a four-point proposal which seeks a settlement of the Kashmir dispute outside the framework of UN resolutions. This article describes key elements of Islamabad's new thinking on Kashmir, analyses some of the domestic, regional and global factors underpinning this change and concludes by noting some of the domestic challenges faced by Musharraf in effectively pursuing his out of the box thinking on Kashmir.