jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Source potential and reservoir characterization of the Cambay Shale, Cambay Basin, India: Implications for tight gas and tight oil resource development

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

New organic–geochemical investigations of the Eocene Cambay Shale (Cambay Basin, India) from five wells and an open-cast lignite mine reveal that the total organic carbon ranges from 0.37 to 10.68 wt. %, with an average of 2.43 wt. %. The pseudo–Van Krevelen diagram, hydrogen index versus the maximum pyrolysis yield temperature (Tmax) crossplot, and the visual kerogen assessment of the Cambay Shale indicate the dominance of type III kerogen, with some well samples showing mixed type III and II kerogen. The vitrinite reflectance values range between 0.46% and 0.7%, with Tmax values ranging from 387°C to 441°C and are consistent with an immature to early oil generation stage. The dominance of vitrinite macerals and high pristane–phytane (Pr/Ph) ratios (>6) of the well samples indicate an oxic to dysoxic depositional environment, whereas the presence of Botryococcus braunii and low Pr/Ph ratios (<1) in the lignite mine samples suggesting a more reducing brackish water environment. The estimation of hydrocarbons generation, expulsion, and retention data suggest a low retention of 10%–12% of generated hydrocarbons within the Cambay Shale. The mineralogical data show an abundance of clay minerals (average 62.9%), implying poor to moderate mineral brittleness index. The kerogen type and maturity level along with the high clay content and poor to moderate brittleness indicate low fracability, thereby restricting the production potential of the Cambay Shale for tight gas or tight oil exploration.
Short Article CAND1 Binds to Unneddylated CUL1 and Regulates the Formation of SCF Ubiquitin E3 Ligase Complex

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

,I B, and -catenin. We report the isolation of a CUL1 binding protein, p120CAND1 . We found the major- originally identified in Arabidopsis and regulates photomorphogenesis (Wei and Deng, 1999). It is composed ity of CUL1 is in a complex with CAND1 and ROC1 independent of SKP1 and F box protein SKP2. Both in of eight subunits (CSN1-8) and is homologous to the lid complex of the 26S proteasome. The neddylation vivo and in vitro, CAND1 prevents the binding of SKP1 and SKP2 to CUL1 while dissociation of CAND1 from pathway is highly conserved from yeast to human and is essential in many organisms (Hochstrasser, 2000). CUL1 promotes the reverse reaction. Neddylation of CUL1 or the presence of SKP1 and ATP causes CAND1 Recent studies show that neddylation of CUL1 or CUL2 is required for the polyubiquitination of p27
Switching reinforcement learning for continuous action space

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Reinforcement learning (RL) is attracting attention as a technique for realizing computational intelligence, such as adaptive and autonomous decentralized systems. In general, however, it is not easy to put RL to practical use. The difficulty includes the problem of designing a suitable action space for an agent, that is, satisfying two requirements in trade‐off: (i) to keep the characteristics (or structure) of the original search space as much as possible in order to seek strategies that lie close to the optimal, and (ii) to reduce the search space as much as possible in order to expedite the learning process. In order to design a suitable action space adaptively, we propose the Switching RL model to mimic the process of an infant's motor development, in which gross motor skills develop before fine motor skills. Then, a method for switching controllers is constructed by introducing and referring to the “entropy.” Further, the validity of the proposed method is confirmed by computational experiments using robot navigation problems with one‐ and two‐dimensional continuous action spaces. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 95(3): 37–44, 2012; Published online in Wiley Online Library ( wileyonlinelibrary.com ). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10383
Analyzing of Wedge Splitting Test on Asphalt Pavement Using Optical Measurements

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract This paper dealt with the characterization of opening mode fracture using Digital Image Correlation, coupled with a kinematic approach. Tests were carried out using a Wedge Splitting sample made in asphalt concrete AC12. The asphalt concrete was provided in the RILEM-SIB. The samples were a bi-layered asphalt concrete with or without a carbon fiber grid at interface. During experimentation, the sample deformation was recorded by using Digital Image Correlation. Based on the optical measurements coupled with the analytical approach, the energy release rate was performed by means the crack relative displacement and stress intensity factors. Using an adjustment procedure, based on an iterative Newton–Raphson algorithm, the crack relative displacement factor was calculated from optical measurements. the stress intensity factor was estimated from an analytical approach. Furthermore, the crack opening displacement was measured from the mark tracking method. This approach allowed the assessment of fracture parameters for the real structures to be considered.
Comparison of Analgesia Efficacy between Magnesium Sulfate and Dexamethasone as an Adjuvant to Ropivacaine in Supraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block in Patients Undergoing Upper Limb Surgery: A Prospective Randomized Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Brachial plexus block, a widely used technique, offers effective regional anesthesia and analgesia for upper extremity surgeries. Compared to general anesthesia, its increasing popularity can be attributed to its safety, efficacy, patient satisfaction, and reduced hospital stay. The use of adjuvants with local anesthetics enhances the quality and duration of analgesia. The aim of this study was to compare the clinical efficacy of dexamethasone to magnesium sulfate (MgSO 4 ) as adjuvants to ropivacaine in patients undergoing supraclavicular brachial plexus block for upper limb surgery. Methods: In this prospective randomized study, 100 American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I/II patients undergoing elective upper limb surgery under peripheral nervous system-guided supraclavicular brachial plexus block were randomized into two groups. Group RD ( n = 50) received 8 mg dexamethasone + 0.75% ropivacaine (total volume 30 ml) and Group RM ( n = 50) 200 mg MgSO4 + 0.75% ropivacaine (total volume 30 ml). Duration and quality of analgesia, onset, and duration of sensory and motor blocks were assessed. Results: Onset of sensory and motor block was significantly faster in Group RD (13.20 ± 1.93 and 17.44 ± 2.54 min) as compared to Group RM (15.88 ± 2.50 and 19.26 ± 2.54 min). Duration of sensory and motor block was also significantly longer in Group RD (1184.40 ± 111.96 and 1093.80 ± 91.56 min) as compared to Group RM (468.60 ± 62.07 and 385.80 ± 45.36 min). Duration of analgesia was prolonged in group RD (1211.12 ± 111.22) as compared to group RM (498.18 ± 64.44 min) ( P < 0.001). Proportion of those using two or more rescue analgesic dosages was significantly higher in Group RM (100%) as compared to that in Group RD (16%) ( P < 0.001). Conclusion: Dexamethasone outperformed MgSO 4 as an adjuvant to ropivacaine during supraclavicular brachial plexus block.
Effects of fear-relevant stimuli on attention: Integrating gaze data with subliminal exposure

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The phenomenon of an attentional bias has been found for threatening stimuli, such as snakes, when presented simultaneously with neutral stimuli. This priority attentional bias effect regarding snakes has been shown through reaction time- or response accuracy-based paradigms. Many studies suggested a preattentive attentional capture of threatening stimuli based on inferences from reaction time data, which might as well be caused by the same rather slow elaborated cognitive processing for threatening stimuli as for neutral stimuli, but more strong motor preparation for source of potential threat. To overcome this ambiguity in the outcomes from reaction time data, eye movements recording can be an alternative approach. The aim of the present study was to examine exogenous spatial attentional orienting when snakes were competing subliminally with neutral stimuli while presenting a video clip. In a free-viewing task, the eye movements of 50 female volunteers were continuously recorded. Twenty trials with subliminal pairs of images (1/60 s duration) were presented while a video was displayed for 4 minutes. The results revealed that the proportion of ocular saccades into the areas where snakes were presented was higher in comparison to control stimuli immediately after the subliminal presentation. A facilitating effect for the fear of snakes was found, which is in line with the assumption that a predisposition to fear has an effect on ocular and attentional behavior, which may act as a vulnerability factor for developing anxiety disorders. The integration between subliminal exposure in video and gaze tracking has showed to be a reliable methodology to detected ban attentional orientation bias toward threat while watching videos, contributing to potential clinical applications with respect to assessment and their use as a desensitization technique to overcome specific phobias.
Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy Analysis of Grain Boundaries in Creep‐Resistant Yttrium‐ and Lanthanum‐Doped Alumina Microstructures

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

High‐spatial‐resolution analytical electron microscopy using energy‐dispersive X‐ray (EDX) and electron energy‐loss spectrometry (EELS) of yttrium‐ and lanthanum‐doped Al 2 O 3 has been conducted to ascertain the level of segregation of these impurities to grain boundaries. Line profile analyses indicate that the segregation is confined to a layer thickness of <3 nm. Similar amounts of excess solute have been observed in both dopant systems: 4.4 ± 1.5 and 4.5 ± 0.9 at./nm 2 for yttrium and lanthanum, respectively. Assuming all the segregant is uniformly distributed within ±0.5 nm of the boundary, this excess corresponds to 9 ± 3 at.% for yttrium‐doped Al 2 O 3 and 10 ± 2 at.% for lanthanum‐doped Al 2 O 3 . For both dopant systems, examination of the spatially resolved electron energy‐loss near‐edge structures (ELNES) on the Al‐ L 2,3 edge suggests a loss in octahedral symmetry and a slight Al‐O bond‐length expansion. No significant change is noted in the O‐ K edge.
Optimization of Multi-Objective Emperor Penguin Handovers Over Dissimilar Networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Media independent handover (IEEE 802.21 MIH) services are an area of particular focus for IEEE. The primary objective of IEEE 802.21 MIH is to streamline the handover procedure, resulting in a more reliable and less time-consuming handover service. There are two distinct kinds of handoffs, called horizontal and vertical, respectively. Among these, the performance of vertical handover (VH) can be improved through parameter optimization. In order to achieve the best possible outcome and reduce the rate of handover failure, careful parameter selection is required. Despite the fact that many options exist for VH management optimisation processes, many current works only consider one or two parameters for VH optimisation. Therefore, the ideal handover solution that emerges is inferior in terms of reliability, responsiveness, and precision. So, a technique called multi-objective emperor penguin handover optimisation (MOEPHO), which takes into account nearly all network characteristics for VH optimisation is discussed in this chapter.
EZH2: a molecular switch of the MPN phenotype

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

In this issue of Blood , [Yang et al][1] show the unexpected cooperation between enhancer of zeste homolog 2 ( Ezh2) deletion and Jak2 V617F, in switching the myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) phenotype in a mouse model. Their work also provides new therapeutic targets to block the progression of
Zinc and Coronavirus: Related Health Problems

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background and Objectives: Zinc is an essential trace mineral required by the human body in minute quantities. It plays a crucial role in facilitating around 100 enzymes to perform key chemical reactions. It has a significant role in DNA synthesis, cellular proliferation, protein synthesis, tissue regeneration, and bolstering the immune system. Zinc toxicity primarily arises from the consumption of zinc supplements rather than from dietary sources. The study aimed to evaluate the side effects caused by the misuse of zinc during and after recovery from the coronavirus. Materials and Methods: A case series study design was used to carry out the study. The constructed checklist was applied to 107 patients who recovered from corona disease to determine the causes of the adverse health consequences they still suffer from after recovery, also, they underwent comprehensive laboratory tests in January 2023. Results: Nearby 50% of the study sample had zinc tests higher than the normal range, whereas they were suffering from such physical health disorders that were significantly enhanced due to management undertaken. Conclusions: The misuse of zinc tablets for a long time and in large doses caused such physical problems to be continued for a time among many patients recovering from coronavirus, and when the intake of zinc tablets and multivitamins supplements was stopped for 6 months an obvious improvement in these health symptoms occurred.
AcuPru, a pilot study on acupuncture as a viable therapeutic approach to chronic itch: development of two experimental protocols among dermatological adult patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

article: AcuPru, a pilot study on acupuncture as a viable therapeutic approach to chronic itch: development of two experimental protocols among dermatological adult patients - Giornale Italiano di Dermatologia e Venereologia 2020 December;155(6):794-6 - Minerva Medica - Journals
Nonlinear Rossby Waves in a Channel of Finite Width

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Nonlinear topographic Rossby waves propagating in a channel of finite width are investigated by the reductive perturbation method. When the channel is sufficiently wide and homogeneous in the outside of a wave guide, the resultant equation takes the form of that obtained by Joseph, and Kubota, Ko and Dobbs. On the other hand, in the presence of weak inhomogeneity, it is shown that a Rossby wave soliton undergoes modification such as change in phase velocity and radiation damping according to the properties of the inhomogeneity.
Potassium channel selectivity in mouse pancreatic B cells

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

High-resistance microelectrodes were used to measure membrane potential changes in response to increased extracellular K+ concentration ([K+]o; or a test cation X+ such as Li+, Rb+, Cs+, NH+4) in B cells from mouse islets of Langerhans. In the absence of glucose, a sudden increase in [K+]o (or [X+]o), keeping the sum [Na+]o + [K+]o constant (or [Na+]o + [K+]o + [X+]o), induced a rapid depolarization of the membrane. The membrane potential changes were essentially unchanged in the presence of 20 mM tetraethylammonium (TEA). The Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz equation was fitted to the experimental relationship between membrane potential and [K+]o (or [X+]o), and permeability (P) ratios were estimated. In the absence of TEA, P Na/PK was estimated to be approximately 0.046. In the presence of TEA the following ratios were estimated: P Rb/PK = 0.74, P Cs/PK = 0.62, and P NH4/PK = 0.36. From these ratios the following sequence of permeabilities was obtained, PK greater than P Rb greater than P Cs greater than P NH4 greater than P Na. It is proposed that this sequence reflects the selectivity of the intracellular [Ca2+]-activated K+ channel of the pancreatic B cell.
Immunochemical Evidence for Phytochrome Regulation of the Specific Activity of Ascorbate Oxidase in Mustard Seedlings

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

A monospecific antiserum to a Cucurbita ascorbate oxidase was shown to cross‐react with the mustard enzyme. Purified antiserum was used in rocket immunoelectrophoresis plates to measure the amount of ascorbate oxidase protein in mustard cotyledon and hypocotyl extracts. On transfer from darkness to far‐red light the activity of the enzyme in expanding cotyledons increased but the amount of enzyme protein remained the same. Unimbibed mustard seeds were shown to contain the same amount of antigenic protein as expanding cotyledons although in the seeds the enzyme was inactive. In hypocotyls continuous far‐red light treatment also led to an increase in ascorbate oxidase activity; in this case there was also an increase in enzyme protein although this was relativelv small. The results are discussed in relation to the mechanism by which phytochrome may control the activity of this enzyme.
Proximity-assisted cycloaddition reactions of ω-azido cyanohydrin ethers: Synthesis of diversely functionalized bicyclic tetrazoles

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Aliphatic azidonitriles separated by three or four carbon atoms undergo facile cyclo-additions in the presence of BF 3 ·OEt 2 at room temperature or lower, to give bicyclic tetrazoles. 1-Azido-[2-aryl-1,3-dioxolanyl]-glycerols afford oxabicyclic tetrazoles with trimethylsilyl cyanide (TMSCN). Aspects of these facile proximity-induced 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions are discussed with mechanistic interpretations.
3 The Infratentorial Brain

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The rhombencephalon (or hindbrain) is the caudal-most portion of the developing brain and is marked cranially by the mid-brain flexure and caudally by the cervical flexure where it is continuous with the spinal cord. The rhombencephalon will eventually form the pons, medulla, and cerebellum. Six transverse grooves appear in the ventral surface of the hindbrain by four weeks post-conception, which produce segments called rhombomeres that are closely related to the development of cranial nerve nuclei 5-10. A transverse crease (plica choroidea) forms in the roof of the developing fourth ventricle, which has intense neuroblastic activity laterally (alar plates). These form the rhombic lips at around Week 6 post-conception and contain the primordia of the cerebellar hemispheres. For detailed descriptions of cerebellar development see references (1,2). The cerebellar hemispheres contact in the midline and start to fuse during Week 9 (post-conception) to form the cerebellar vermis, therefore the vermis cannot form if the cerebellar hemispheres have not developed. The vermis is fully formed by the end of Week 15 post-conception (corresponding to approximately 17 weeks after the last menstrual period, which is the timing schedule used in clinical practice). The anatomy of the adult vermis is shown in Figure 1C. The nodulus forms first but after the vermis develops from superior to inferior, in a way analogous to the corpus callosum, vermian hypoplasia involves the lobules in a predictable fashion, the lobules of the posterior lobe being involved before those of the anterior lobe.
Converting Entity-Attribute-Value Data Sources to OMOP’s CDM: Lessons Learned

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Clinical data repositories often use entity-attribute-value (EAV) data models. To be valuable for secondary use, these health data can be transformed to the Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership (OMOP) Common Data Model (CDM). The present paper describes the lessons learned from such an endeavour based on the concept of registering transformation functions on source data elements. We further provide future work directions for follow-up projects.
Assessment of Effluent Contaminants from Three Facilities Discharging Marcellus Shale Wastewater to Surface Waters in Pennsylvania

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Unconventional natural gas development in Pennsylvania has created a new wastewater stream. In an effort to stop the discharge of Marcellus Shale unconventional natural gas development wastewaters into surface waters, on May 19, 2011 the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection (PADEP) requested drilling companies stop disposing their wastewater through wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). This research includes a chemical analysis of effluents discharged from three WWTPs before and after the aforementioned request. The WWTPs sampled included two municipal, publicly owned treatment works and a commercially operated industrial wastewater treatment plant. Analyte concentrations were quanitified and then compared to water quality criteria, including U.S. Environmental Protection Agency MCLs and "human health criteria." Certain analytes including barium, strontium, bromides, chlorides, total dissolved solids, and benzene were measured in the effluent at concentrations above criteria. Analyte concentrations measured in effluent samples before and after the PADEP's request were compared for each facility. Analyte concentrations in the effluents decreased in the majority of samples after the PADEP's request (p < .05). This research provides preliminary evidence that these and similar WWTPs may not be able to provide sufficient treatment for this wastewater stream, and more thorough monitoring is recommended.
Pneumococcal Vaccine After Splenectomy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

To the Editor.— The discussion of overwhelming sepsis after splenectomy in the QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS section (240:684, 1978) mentions Di plococcus pneumoniae as the causative agent in most cases. 1 Although polyvalent pneumococcal vaccination was not mentioned, this seems to be the ideal situation for its use. The vaccine is recommended for use in surgically asplenic patients 2 and is of low risk and high potential benefit. Prevention of pneumococcal sepsis is preferable to treating it.
Making the jump-The translation of research evidence into clinical occupational therapy practice

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Het proefschrift beschrijft een studie naar de implementatie van de effectief gebleken ergotherapie-interventie voor mensen met dementie en hun mantelzorgers (EDOMAH). Middels een cluster-RCT werd de huidige post-HBO cursus voor ergotherapeuten vergeleken met een multi-professionele strategie gericht op ergotherapeuten, artsen en managers. De belangrijkste uitkomstmaten waren de adherentie van ergotherapeuten, het aantal verwijzingen naar EDOMAH en behandelresultaten bij cliënten en mantelzorgers. Daarnaast worden de resultaten van een procesevaluatie beschreven.
Neurotransmitter Disturbances in Some Parts of the Rat Brain and their Correction Under Chronic and Intermittent Alcohol Intoxication

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The pool of key neuromediators and some neurotransmitter amino acids has been investigated in cerebellum, hypothalamus, and midbrain of rats exposed to chronic and different variants of intermittent alcohol intoxication. The most pronounced changes have been found in midbrain. Chronic alcohol intoxication (CAI) caused an increase in the concentrations of tyrosine, dopamine, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), noradrenaline, tryptophan, serotonin, GABA, and aspartate in this part of the rat brain. Intermittent alcohol intoxication with 4 days interval (IAI-4) was accompanied by an increase in the content of tyrosine, and noradrenaline. Intermittent alcohol intoxication with 1 day interval (IAI-1) resulted in the increase in the concentrations of tyrosine, DOPAC, noradrenalin, tryptophan, GABA, glycine, and aspartate. The effect of the amino acid compositions Titacin and Tritarg has been studied for the first time under conditions of IAI. The amino acids composition Titacin had a pronounced normalizing effect in the midbrain of rats with IAI-1. The results of this study can serve as a basis for further development of new approaches for treatment of alcoholism.