jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Improved current transport properties of post annealed Y1Ba2Cu3O7−x thin films using Ag doping

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The influence of Ag doping on the transport properties of Y1Ba2Cu3O7−x thin films prepared by Y, BaF2, and Cu co-evaporation and optimized ex situ post annealing has been investigated. Both undoped and Ag doped films have values of Tc above 90 K, but Jc (77 K) is highly dependent on the nominal thickness (tnom) of the as-deposited film. For undoped films with tnom≤300 nm Jc (77 K) (≫106 A/cm2) decreases monotonically with increasing film thickness. Above 300 nm Jc (77 K) decreases rapidly to values below 5×105 A/cm2. Ag doped films with tnom≥200 nm have higher Jc (77 K) values than those of undoped films. Ag doped films have a maximum in Jc (77 K) around 250 nm. As for the undoped films, there is a large decrease in Jc (77 K) for Ag doped films with tnom≥300 nm. It was found that the higher values of Jc (77 K) for the Ag doped films were due to a better epitaxial growth of the YBCO compound. The low values of Jc (77 K) for both undoped and Ag doped single layer films with tnom≥300 nm were found to be due to the absence of 1–2–4 inclusions in these films. Based on these findings high Jc (77 K) films with tnom≳300 nm were grown by successive deposition and annealing of films with tnom&lt;300 nm on top of each other. A 2×150 nm undoped film was found to have a Jc (77 K) value of 4, 1×106 A/cm2. This is almost a doubling of the Jc (77 K) value as compared to the value for the 300 nm single layer undoped film (2,2×106 A/cm2). Ag doped double layer films of 2×150 nm and 2×215 nm had comparable Jc (77 K) values (5,8×106 and 5,6×106 A/cm2, respectively). In comparison with the undoped 2×150 nm film Jc (77 K) is thus further increased (by about 50%) when doping with Ag.
Effect of sewage cultured Lemna minor on growth of Mollinesia latipinna fed on mixed diets

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Effect of sewage cultured Lemna minor on growth of Mollinesia latipinna was investigated using three different types of feeds viz.control feed (F1), raw lemna incorporated feed (F2) ,and decomposed lemna incorporated feed (F 3 ) for 20 days. The feeds were prepared by using sewage cultured L.minor .The test animals fed with decomposed lemna incorporated feed showed high production (0.205) ,Gross growth efficiency (11.08 %), Net growth efficiency (11.39 %) ,Assimilation efficiency (97.31)and Metabolism (1.61). Raw L.minor incorporated fish feed showed slightly low value of Metabolism (1.58), Assimilation (1.75) and relative growth efficiency.
[Formation of a vascular access in patients with terminal chronic renal insufficiency for hemodialysis based on the new general theory of circulation].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Between 1993 and 2002, 41 operations were performed for formation of a vascular access (VA) to conduct hemodialysis using vascular transplants: autogenous veins (8 cases) and PTFE allografts (33 cases). Experience gained with the use of autogenous veins and PTFE allografts for creation of a permanent VA to carry out hemodialysis was summarized and analyzed. An attempt was made to explain the causes of thrombosis of autogenous veins transplanted and allo-vessels implanted on the basis of the new general theory of circulation. The technical procedures accomplished during operations aimed at the prolongation of the time of VA functioning were offered and substantiated.
Expedient phosgene-free synthesis of symmetrical diarylureas from carbamates

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A convenient method for synthesis of symmetrical diarylureas from carbamtes is reported.The diarylureas were obtained in excellent yield when carbamates were boiled at reflux in dry benzene in the presence of sodium hydride as a catalyst and 18-Crown-6 ( 18 C6 ) as a co-catalyst.A plausible mechanism explains the formation of 1,3-diarylureas from carbamates in the presence of basic catalyst is reported.The chemical structure of the diarylureas was confirmed by spectroscopic techniques and compared with an authentic sample prepared using previously reported methods.
Large immigrant population may have confounded study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

EDITOR,--N Bhatti and colleagues present an interesting analysis of changing rates of notification of tuberculosis based on national notifications and local data from Hackney.1 The findings are interpreted as suggesting that the national increase is largely due to socioeconomic factors that have affected the white population and established ethnic minority communities to a similar extent. The authors suggest that recent immigration has made only a small contribution to this increase. The study's findings do not justify these conclusions.

As quoted in the paper, …
Two new species of Leptographium associated with Tomicus spp. infesting Pinus spp. in Southwestern China

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Leptographium panxianense and L. puerense are proposed as new taxa based on sequence data and morphological characters. The phylogenetic analyses based on ITS2-partial LSU rDNA region, β-tubulin and elongation factor 1-α genes showed that L. panxianense and L. puerense formed well-supported clades and were closely related to L. yunnanense , L. wushanense and L. conjunctum , and then nested within the L. lundbergii complex. The two species differ in their conidial size and shape. The conidia of L. panxianense are larger than those of L. puerense while the conidial shape of L. puerense is more ovovoid. The optimal growth temperature of both L. panxianense and L. puerense is at 20 °C, which is different from those of L. yunnanense , L. wushanense and L. conjunctum . Comparison of sequence data and morphological characters confirmed the placement of the two undescribed taxa in the genus of Leptographium .
Association Testing of the Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B Gene (PTPN1) With Type 2 Diabetes in 7,883 People

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP)-1B, encoded by the PTPN1 gene, inactivates the insulin signal transduction cascade by dephosphorylating phosphotyrosine residues in insulin signaling molecules. Due to its chromosomal location under a chromosome 20 linkage peak and the metabolic effects of its absence in knockout mice, it is a candidate gene for type 2 diabetes. Recent studies have associated common sequence variants in PTPN1 with type 2 diabetes and diabetes-related phenotypes. We sought to replicate the association of common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and haplotypes in PTPN1 with type 2 diabetes, fasting plasma glucose, and insulin sensitivity in a large collection of subjects. We assessed linkage disequilibrium, selected tag SNPs, and typed these markers in 3,347 cases of type 2 diabetes and 3,347 control subjects as well as 1,189 siblings discordant for type 2 diabetes. Despite power estimated at &gt;95% to replicate the previously reported associations, no statistically significant evidence of association was observed between PTPN1 SNPs or common haplotypes with type 2 diabetes or with diabetic phenotypes.
The results of the treatment of refractive amblyopia with the help of the “Amblyocation” computer program

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The present study included 12 children at the age from 6 to 9 (mean 8,7 ± 1,14) years presenting with refractive amblyopia of differing severity who were treated with the use of the“Amblyocation” computer program (U. Kampf and co-workers, 1995). We evaluated the acuity of vision before and after correction as well as the spatial contrast sensitivity to red, green, blue, and white colours. The analysis of the data obtained has demonstrated a various degree of the improvement of both corrected and uncorrected visual acuity while spatial contrast sensitivity to green colourimproved in all the patients, to red colour in 90% of them, to white and blue colours in 91.6% and 58.3% respectively. It is concluded that the proposed “Amblyocation” system for the eye exercises can be effectively used as an additional tool for the treatment of children presenting with refractive amblyopia of different severity. One of the advantages of this program is the possibility of treatment at home via the Internet with the use of the computer-based program and the interactive platform allowing to control and document the compliance of the patients with the physician’s prescriptions.
Co(II),Cu(II),Ni(II),Fe(II)and Cr(III) Complexes of N,O-Type Schiff base ligand derived from 4,4,-methylenedianiline Synthesis, Characterization and antibacterial studies

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Complexes of Co(II),Cu(II),Ni(II),Fe(II)and Cr(III) were prepared from reaction between (E)-2-(((4-(4-aminobenzyl)phenyl)imino)methyl)phenol and hydrated metal ions such as CoCl2.6H2o,NiCl2.6H2O.FeCl2.6H2O and CrCl3.H2O characterization by analytical and spectra chemical methods .the metal:ligand stoichiometric ratio is 1:1 n the all complexes.it was determined that bidentate behavior of the ligand is accomplished via the phenolic oxygen and the azomethine nitrogen atom .the presence of water revealed by thermogram and supported by the presence of relevant bonds in their IR Spectra. These new complexes showed areasonable amount antibacterial activity.a ligand was synthesized by reaction (4,4'-Methylenedianiline and Salicylaldehyde. The newly synthesized compounds were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (1H NMR), elemental analyses (C, H, N), mass spectral, conductivity measurement, magnetic sensitivity measurement and atomic Absorption. The mass spectrum of the ligandexhibits a molecular ion peak [M]+.at 302 m/z.
Stigmina millettiae . [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract A description is provided for Stigmina millettiae . Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: Causing irregular , often confluent, grey to dark brown, yellow-margined leaf spots. HOSTS: Derris robusta, D. scandens, Mezoneurum cucullatum, Millettia aciculiformis, M. auriculata, M. pachycarpa, Rubia tomentosa . TRANSMISSION: By air-borne conidia. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: ASIA: India, Nepal.
Proposal for Assuring Technology Competency and Leadership in Medicine

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The proposal advanced by Friedman and McCabe in this issue of the Journal (7) that All third-party payers of health care (private and public) should cover the clinical care costs (within the financial agreements of policy provisions) but not the research costs associated with patient participation in National Cancer Institute (NCI)-sponsored therapeutic clinical trials can be an acceptable one. It can be acceptable because, as the authors point out, the involved constituents share one basic goal: to define the probabilities that a particular treatment will be safe and effective. At present, the nation's health care community is failing to meet this objective for many new treatments critical to patients in need. To become acceptable and to achieve the stated common goal, the modest proposal must at once be expanded and components within the proposal at hand must be more narrowly defined. This editorial briefly describes the needed elaboration and details specific modifications to the proposal that would permit it to be subsumed within a new, efficient, and expeditious system for the introduction and diffusion of health care technologies.
Construction of citizenship in hospitalized children, Peru

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Citizenship is the exercise of the fundamental rights of people in spaces of participation, opinion and commitments, which can not be violated by any health condition in which the individual is. This research aims to interpret the process of construction of citizenship in hospitalized children, was developed through the qualitative approach, ethnomethodological method, synchronous design, with a sample of three students hospitalized in a health institute specializing in childhood, was used Observation technique and a semi-structured interview guide were obtained as results that hospitalized children carry out their citizenship construction in an incipient way, through the communication interaction they make with other people in the environment where they grow up.
A new early diverging thalattosuchian (Crocodylomorpha) from the Early Jurassic (Pliensbachian) of Dorset, U.K. and implications for the origin and evolution of the group

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Among archosaurs, thalattosuchian crocodylomorphs experienced the most extensive adaptations to the marine realm. Despite significant attention, the phylogenetic position of the group remains uncertain. Thalattosuchians are either the sister-group to Crocodyliformes, basal mesoeucrocodylians, or nest among longirostrine neosuchians. The earliest definite thalattosuchians are Toarcian, and already possess many synapomorphies of the group. All phylogenetic hypotheses imply a ghost lineage extending at least to the Sinemurian, and a lack of older or more plesiomorphic forms may contribute to the uncertain phylogenetic placement of the group. Here we describe a new species, Turnersuchus hingleyae, gen. et sp. nov., from the early Pliensbachian Belemnite Marl Member of the Charmouth Mudstone Formation (Dorset, U.K.). The specimen includes partially articulated cranial, mandibular, axial, and appendicular elements. It can be attributed to Thalattosuchia based on the following features: distinct fossa on the posterolateral corner of the squamosal; broad ventrolateral process of the otoccipital covering the dorsal surface of the quadrate; large supratemporal fenestrae lacking a flattened skull table; broadly exposed prootic; orbital process of quadrate lacking bony attachment with the braincase. This specimen represents the earliest thalattosuchian currently known from diagnostic material. Phylogenetic analyses of two published datasets recover Turnersuchus as the earliest diverging thalattosuchian, and sister to Teleosauroidea + Metriorhynchoidea. Bayesian tip-dating analyses suggest a Rhaetian or Sinemurian divergence of Thalattosuchia from other crocodylomorphs, depending on topology, with confidence intervals spanning from the Norian to the Pliensbachian. The new specimen extends the fossil record of Thalattosuchia, but the time-scaling analyses demonstrate that a significant ghost lineage remains.
Data from The Role of Cholesterol in Cancer

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

<div>Abstract<p>The roles played by cholesterol in cancer development and the potential of therapeutically targeting cholesterol homeostasis is a controversial area in the cancer community. Several epidemiologic studies report an association between cancer and serum cholesterol levels or statin use, while others suggest that there is not one. Furthermore, the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) project using next-generation sequencing has profiled the mutational status and expression levels of all the genes in diverse cancers, including those involved in cholesterol metabolism, providing correlative support for a role of the cholesterol pathway in cancer development. Finally, preclinical studies tend to more consistently support the role of cholesterol in cancer, with several demonstrating that cholesterol homeostasis genes can modulate development. Because of space limitations, this review provides selected examples of the epidemiologic, TCGA, and preclinical data, focusing on alterations in cholesterol homeostasis and its consequent effect on patient survival. In melanoma, this focused analysis demonstrated that enhanced expression of cholesterol synthesis genes was associated with decreased patient survival. Collectively, the studies in melanoma and other cancer types suggested a potential role of disrupted cholesterol homeostasis in cancer development but additional studies are needed to link population-based epidemiological data, the TCGA database results, and preclinical mechanistic evidence to concretely resolve this controversy. <i>Cancer Res; 76(8); 2063–70. ©2016 AACR</i>.</p></div>
The ultimobranchial origin of thyrocalcitonin.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Determining changes in the composition of cell populations is made possible by technologies like single-cell transcriptomics, CyTOF, and microbiome sequencing. However, existing methods for differential abundance do not model some ...Cellular omics such as single-cell genomics, proteomics, and microbiomics allow the characterization of tissue and microbial community composition, which can be compared between conditions to identify biological drivers. This strategy has been critical to ...
Enzymatic estimation of infarct size during reperfusion.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Infarct size estimated enzymatically is an objective end point for assessing interventions in patients with acute myocardial infarction and correlates with acute and long-term morbidity and mortality. However, there is concern whether such estimates are reliable in the setting of reperfusion. Reperfusion during experimental infarction and clinically with streptokinase is associated with higher plasma creatine kinase (CK) levels that peak much earlier than with sustained occlusion, indicating a more rapid release rate. In this report, experimental derivation of the parameters for estimating infarct size--myocardial CK distribution and content, CK depletion, plasma CK disappearance rate and the release ratio--are presented, together with the experimental and clinical validation of these estimates. The close correlation between myocardial CK depletion and morphometric estimates of infarct size (r = .92), which provides the basis for enzymatic estimation of infarct size, remains valid during experimental reperfusion. Plasma CK activity (100-5000 IU/l) assayed before and after incubation of streptokinase (5000 U/ml for 30 minutes at 37 degrees C) showed less than 5% variation. Plasma CK disappearance (kd) in the conscious dog before and during infusion of streptokinase (20,000 U/hour) were identical. The CK release ratio has not been determined during streptokinase therapy or experimental reperfusion, but in the experimental animal during early reperfusion, infarct size was overestimated by the plasma CK method compared with histologic estimates. Despite the overestimation, enzymatic estimates still correlate closely with histologic estimates (r = .90). The presence of a close correlation despite sudden complete early restoration of flow suggests that with the appropriate experimentally determined correction factors, one can obtain reliable enzymatic estimates of infarct size to assess the efficacy of streptokinase.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemistry of Monoorganopalladium Complexes Relevant to Catalysis

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Nature, Distribution, and Origin of Soil Materials in the Forensic Comparison of Soils

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Soils mean different things to different people. Soil scientists view soils as being made up of differently sized mineral particles (i.e., sand, silt, and clay) and organic matter. They have complex biological, chemical, physical, and mineralogical properties that are always changing with time. Agronomists, farmers, and gardeners, on the other hand, see soil as a medium for growing1.1 Introduction .................................................................................................. 1 1.2 Nature of Soils Relevant to Forensic Soil Science and HumanDecomposition Processes ............................................................................ 3 1.3 Brief History of Forensic Soil Science ........................................................ 4 1.4 Soil Origin, Classification, and Distribution ............................................ 6 1.5 Spatial Scale and Pedogenic Processes .................................................... 10 1.6 Relationship between Soil Type and Scale: Regional and Global .........11 1.7 Most Favored Techniques Used by Forensic Soil Scientists ...................11
Performance Comparison on the Evaporative Gas Turbine Cycles Combined with Different CO2-Capture Options

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract This article studied the integration of CO2 capture with evaporative gas turbine (EvGT) cycles. Two CO2 capture technologies are involved: MEA-based (monoethanolamine-based) chemical-absorption capture and O2/CO2 recycle combustion capture. Based on them, three system configurations were analyzed: (1) EvGT cycle without CO2 capture, (2) EvGT cycle with chemical-absorption capture, and (3) EvGT cycle with O2/CO2 recycle combustion capture. Simulation results show that the EvGT cycle with chemical-absorption capture has a higher electrical efficiency (39.73%) than the EvGT cycle with O2/CO2 recycle combustion capture (37.45%). Compared with the EvGT cycle without CO2 capture, the penalty on electrical efficiency caused by CO2 capture is 11.91% if EvGT is combined with chemical-absorption capture, and 14.19% if EvGT is combined with O2/CO2 recycle combustion capture. Moreover compared with combined cycles, EvGT cycles have a smaller gross electricity generation and a lower electrical efficiency no matter if they are combined with CO2 capture or not. Based on the analysis results of this article, several suggestions are also proposed to improve the net electrical efficiency of EvGT cycles with CO2 capture. Keywords: Evaporative gas turbinesHumid air turbinesCO2 captureChemical absorptionO2/CO2 recycle combustionOxy-fuel combustionPerformance analysis ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Financial supports from the Swedish Energy Agency (STEM), SINTEF (Norway), and European Union are gratefully acknowledged.
Exploring the landscape of travel enthusiast communities: An in-depth review, critique, and prospects

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Travel in today's interconnected world has become about experiencing culture and forming authentic connections. Communities of travel enthusiasts have emerged to change how we explore the world, through online forums or in-person meetups. Modern work cultures often require long hours and a high degree of commitment, leaving little or no time for social interaction. Additionally, the coronavirus pandemic has led to social distancing and lockdown measures. Due to which there is a rise in number of solo travellers. In the wake of an unprecedented rise in loneliness, these travel communities offer the benefit of reducing depression and loneliness by building a network of like-minded people and friends. Not just connecting travellers, they also have an impact on the travel industry, promoting ethical travel, sharing experiences and inspiring responsible tourism. This report investigates how they affect travel and describes how they connect travellers. It identifies the advantages and obstacles that they bring and concludes by underscoring their transformative function in today's travel culture.