jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Australian occupational therapists' perspectives of consumers authentically contributing to student learning during practice placements: ‘It just makes sense!’ but ‘we need a process’

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Introduction Collaborating with consumers in designing, delivering, and evaluating curricula is an ongoing initiative within occupational therapy tertiary courses in Australia. Within the Australian educational context, consumers are involved in on‐campus educational activities. Student occupational therapists must complete 1000 hours of practice placements as part of their education. To date, no research has explored how consumers could contribute to student occupational therapists' learning during practice placements. This study aimed to explore Australian occupational therapists' perceptions of consumers providing feedback to students during practice placements. Methods A qualitative descriptive approach was adopted to engage with the diversity of practice contexts and gain a rich dataset from the occupational therapy profession. A qualitative questionnaire was developed and distributed using snowballing techniques. The questionnaire asked recipients to reflect on the risks, challenges, and benefits of consumers providing feedback to student occupational therapists from all stakeholders' perspectives. Demographic data were collated, and reflexive thematic analysis was used to construct themes. Findings Responses were received from 81 participants. Most respondents identified as experienced occupational therapists from metropolitan locations across Australia. Reflective thematic analysis was used to construct three themes: Personal capability of consumers and students will enable, inhibit, and be developed by engaging in a feedback process; an educator‐controlled process to ensure safety for all stakeholders is required for time‐poor practice contexts; and us versus them: Shifting control to consumers can disempower practice educators. Conclusion Engaging with consumers throughout all aspects of student occupational therapists' educational programme is required, including practice placements. New educational initiatives need to consider all stakeholders' concerns to ensure that authentic contribution from consumers is made within the various practice contexts. A co‐design approach that involves all stakeholders to develop a feedback process may result in high‐quality learning experiences that assist students to become safer, consumer‐centred health professionals.
Relationship between Inner Diameter of Common Bile Duct and Postcholecystectomy Syndrome in Non-tumor and Non-stone-associated Obstruction

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To analyze the relationship between the inner diameter of common bile duct(CBD) and the morbility of postcholecystectomy syndrome(PCS) in non-tumor-and non-stone-associated obstruction.Methods Inner diameter of CBD was measured by color Doppler ultrasound in 300 patients with clinically diagnosed PCS(PCS group) and 306 patients without obvious postoperative symptoms(control group).The incidence of PCS was compared between patients undergoing open surgery and patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery.Results There were no significant differences in inner diameter of CBD between open surgery patients and laparoscopic surgery patients(P0.05).The incidence of PCS was high among patients with CBD diameter ≤6 mm,but low among patients with CBD diameter 6~≤12 mm(P0.01).No obvious differences was found between patients with CBD diameter 12 mm in PCS group and those in control(P0.05).Conclusion The incidence of non-obstructive PCS is not correlated with surgical procedures,but increases with the decrease of CBD diameter among post-cholecystectomy patients,especially among patients with CBD diameter 6~≤12 mm.
ChemInform Abstract: Scandium(III)‐Triflate Catalyzed Friedel‐Crafts Alkylation with Benzyl and Allyl Alcohols.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Medicated-Assisted Treatment and 12-Step Programs: Evaluating the Referral Process

Field: Nursing (Health Sciences)

Purpose/Background Overdose deaths in the U.S. from opioids have dramatically increased since the COVID-19 pandemic. Although medicated-assisted treatment (MAT) programs are widely available for sufferers of opiate addiction, many drop out of treatment prematurely. Twelve-step programs are considered a valuable part of treatment, but few studies have examined the effect of combining these approaches. We aimed to compare abstinence rates among patients receiving MAT who were referred to 12-step programs to those only receiving MAT. Methods In this prospective study, a cohort of participants from a MAT clinic agreeing to attend a 12-step program was compared to 15 controls selected from a database before project implementation. Eligible participants were diagnosed with OUD, receiving buprenorphine (opiate agonist), and at least 18. Participants were provided with temporary sponsors to attend Narcotics Anonymous, Alcoholics Anonymous, and Medication-Assisted Recovery meetings together. The primary endpoint was the change in positive opiate urine drug screens over 6 months between participants and controls. Results Between March 29, 2021, and April 16, 2021, 166 patients were scheduled at the clinic. Of those scheduled, 146 were established patients, and 123 were scheduled for face-to-face visits. Of these, 64 appeared for the appointment, 6 were screened, and 3 were enrolled. None of the participants attended a 12-step meeting. Enrollment barriers included excluding new patients and those attending virtual visits, the high percentage of patients who missed appointments, and lack of staff referrals. The low incidence of referrals was due to time constraints by both staff and patients. Implications for Nursing Practice Low enrollment limited our ability to determine whether combining medication management with a 12-step program improves abstinence. Failure to keep appointments is common among patients with OUD, and virtual meetings are becoming more prevalent post-COVID. Although these factors are unlikely to be controllable, developing strategies to expedite the enrollment process for staff and patients could hasten recruitment.
A mixed-methods exploration into the resilience of community drug distributors conducting mass drug administration for preventive chemotherapy of lymphatic filariasis and onchocerciasis in Côte d'Ivoire and Uganda

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Volunteer community drug distributors (CDDs) have been vital to progress made in the elimination of onchocerciasis and lymphatic filariasis; two neglected tropical diseases amenable to preventive chemotherapy (PC-NTDs). However, formative work in Côte d'Ivoire and Uganda revealed that CDDs can encounter considerable challenges during mass drug administration (MDA). CDDs must be resilient to overcome these challenges, yet little is known about their resilience. This mixed-methods study explored the resilience of CDDs in Côte d'Ivoire and Uganda. The characteristics and experiences of 248 CDDs involved in the 2018 MDAs in Côte d'Ivoire (N = 132) and Uganda (N = 116) were assessed using a micronarrative survey. Thematic analysis of CDDs' micronarratives was used to identify challenges they encountered during MDA. Resilience was assessed using the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale 25 (CD-RISC-25). Variables from the micronarrative survey found to be individually associated with mean CD-RISC-25 score (P<0.05) through bivariate analyses were included in a multiple linear regression model. Post-hoc, country-specific analyses were then conducted. Thematic analysis showed that CDDs encountered a wide range of challenges during MDA. The aggregate model revealed that CDDs who had positive relationships or received support from their communities scored higher on the CD-RISC-25 on average (P<0.001 for both), indicating higher resilience. These trends were also observed in the country-specific analyses. Mean CD-RISC-25 scores were unaffected by variations in district, age, gender, and length of involvement with the NTD program. Community support during MDA and positive community-CDD relationships appear to be associated with CDDs' personal capacity to overcome adversity. Involving communities and community leadership in the selection and support of CDDs has the potential to benefit their well-being. This study establishes the CD-RISC-25 as a useful tool for assessing the resilience of CDDs. Further research is needed to understand, promote, and support the resilience of this valuable health workforce, upon which NTD programs depend.
Wireless Networks for Medical Applications

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

With recent developments in the wireless networks field, new and innovative medical applications based on this technology are being developed in the research as well as commercial sectors. This trend has just started and the paper predict wireless networks are going to become an integral part of medical solutions due to its benefits in cutting down healthcare costs and increasing accessibility for patients as well as increasing the efficiency of the healthcare professionals. Same papers give some background on applications of wireless networks in the medical field and discuss the issue and challenges. It also tried to identify some of the standards in use. Another contribution due to this paper is the identification of innovative medical applications of wireless networks developed or currently being developed in the research and business sectors and also talk about the future trends in this field.
Observations on Fly Control by Sanitation

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Journal Article Observations on Fly Control by Sanitation Get access Robert A. Hoffman Robert A. Hoffman Entomology Research Branch, Agr. Res. Serv., U.S.D.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Economic Entomology, Volume 47, Issue 1, 1 February 1954, Page 194, https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/47.1.194 Published: 01 February 1954
[Report of experience in reconstruction of the lower urinary tract in the man and woman].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

For some decades uretero(ileo) cutaneostomy and ureterosigmoidostomy were the methods of choice for urinary diversion in cystectomized patients. In recent years, lower urinary tract reconstruction with an anastomosis from an intestinal urinary reservoir to the urethra has established itself as an alternative for male patients undergoing cystectomy. We present the results obtained in 35 patients (32 men, 3 women) who chose to have a ureteroileal urethrostomy to the residual urethra after radical cystectomy for bladder cancer. These patients were followed up by clinical, serologic, radiographic, and urodynamic evaluation conducted at short intervals according to a strict protocol. There was no perioperative mortality, and the early postoperative complication rate was 17% (6/35 patients). For all patients, including those followed only for 3 months so far, the diurnal continence rate was 87% and the nocturnal continence rate was 78%. In every patient, male and female, the maximum urethral pressure (average value in the urethra pressure profile 50.8 cm H2O) was higher than the average resting intraluminal pressure in the pouch (average 12 cm H2O) with physiologic capacity (250-550 ml) of the urinary bladder. Patient acceptance, measured on a numerical self-rating scale, was high (average value 8.75 out of 10).
Evaluation of Mechanical Performance of Corroded Reinforcement Considering the Surface Shape

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The purpose of this paper is to find out quantitatively the relationship between the surface shape and the mechanical properties of corroded reinforcement. Three-dimensional measurements were carried out on the surface shape of variously corroded reinforcements and parameters expressing the characteristics of the shape, which included the maximum decrement of sectional area of reinforcement, its distribution along the axis and the power spectral density by the Fourier Transformation. It was investigated that which parameters could correspond to the mechanical properties of corroded reinforcement and it was confirmed that the maximum decrement of sectional area of reinforcement could express the mechanical properties most appropriately. Finally, this paper proposes a constitutive model of corroded reinforcement for analyzing the structural behavior of reinforced concrete structures considering the localized corrosion of reinforcement by finite element method.
Nonlinear ultrasonic analysis inspired by phase-based motion magnification

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Nonlinear ultrasonic modulation is favored for early-stage fatigue crack detection by inspecting the modulation components at the sum and difference of two distinct input frequencies. However, it is difficult to extract the modulation components using a conventional spectral density function considering the modulation components can be easily buried under noisy environments. In this study, we proposed a new nonlinear ultrasonic analysis method inspired by phase-based motion magnification. First, a one-dimensional time-domain ultrasonic signal is filtered to remove the large motions of the primary linear response components. Then, the filtered signal is used to construct a two-dimensional video and the phase-based motion magnification algorithm is applied to enhance the movements at the predetermined modulation frequencies inside the video. This step is achieved by phase denoising and phase magnification, which supports large magnification factors and is significantly insensitive to noise. Finally, an amplified one-dimensional signal is extracted from the two-dimensional video and can be used for further nonlinear ultrasonic analysis. The proposed method was successfully validated with a group of synthetic data at different noise levels. Additionally, we have also successfully applied the proposed method for fatigue crack detection in a steel padeye.
Inter-Pathogen Peptide Sharing and the Original Antigenic Sin: Solving a Paradox

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Aims: To analyse the peptide commonality among viral, bacterial, and protozoan pathogens, and the immunopathologic consequences in the human host. Methods: HPV16, HCMV, C. diphtheriae, B. pertussis, C. tetani, T. gondii, and T. cruzi were analysed for common amino acid sequences that are additionally shared with the human host. The pentapeptide, a minimal immune determinant in humoral and cellular immune recognition, was used as a measurement unit of the peptide similarity level. Molecular modeling was applied to compare the amino acid contexts containing common minimal determinants. Results: Twenty-nine pentapeptides were found to occur, even hundreds of times, throughout the analyzed pathogen proteomes as well as in the human proteome. Such vast peptide commonalities together with molecular modeling data support the possibility that a pre-existing immune response to a first pathogen can be boosted by a successive exposure to a second different pathogen, i.e. , the primary response to a pathogen can be transformed into a secondary response to a previously encountered different pathogen. Two possible consequences emerge. Firstly, no responses might be elicited against the pathogen lastly encountered either by infection or active immunization, but reactions could occur only with the early sensitizing pathogen, which is no more present in the organism. Secondly, the immune response boosted by the pathogen lastly encountered will find a way out by cross-reacting with human proteins. Conclusion: This study might explain the “original antigenic sin” phenomenon described seven decades ago [Francis T. Jr. Ann Intern Med 1953;39:203], thus providing explanations for vaccine failures and offering possible clues for designing successful vaccines.
Penetration and scattering of lower hybrid waves by density fluctuations

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Lower Hybrid [LH] ray propagation in toroidal plasma is controlled by a combination of the azimuthal spectrum launched from the antenna, the poloidal variation of the magnetic field, and the scattering of the waves by the density fluctuations. The width of the poloidal and radial RF wave spectrum increases rapidly as the rays penetrate into higher density and scatter from the turbulence. The electron temperature gradient [ETG] spectrum is particularly effective in scattering the LH waves due to its comparable wavelengths and parallel phase velocities. ETG turbulence is also driven by the radial gradient of the electron current density giving rise to an anomalous viscosity spreading the LH-driven plasma currents. The scattered LH spectrum is derived from a Fokker-Planck equation for the distribution of the ray trajectories with a diffusivity proportional to the fluctuations. The LH ray diffusivity is large giving transport in the poloidal and radial wavenumber spectrum in one -or a few passes - of the rays through the core plasma.
Can microbes save us from PFAS?

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are high-profile environmental contaminants whose strong carbon-fluorine bonds make them difficult to degrade. Scientists have reason to believe that microbes could be enlisted to do the job. These researchers have identified microbes that defluorinate select PFAS to different extents, and they are working to identify the mechanisms behind PFAS breakdown. Some are aiming to boost the microbes' activity to achieve complete defluorination, while others are developing practical ways to combine microbes with chemical remediation of contaminated water and soil. Because the odds are stacked against microbes' being able to conquer PFAS on their own, researchers also say that regulatory agencies should restrict PFAS use without delay. For 3 decades starting in the 1940s, General Electric dumped solvents from its manufacturing facilities into New York's Hudson River, contaminating it with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Scientists worried about how best to clean up the pollutants . "At that
PENGARUH KARAKTERISTIK PERUSAHAAN TERHADAP PENGUNGKAPAN TANGGUNG JAWAB SOSIAL PERUSAHAAN

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The objective of this study was to analyze the influence of corporate charaterictics (size, profitability,leverage and age of firm) on corporate social responsibility disclosure. This research is an empiricalstudy using logistic regression analysis. The sample used in this study was the secondary data fromIndonesian Stock Exchange, for year 2007-2008. The sample was taken using purposive sampling methodand those which meeting the selection criteria. The sample used was 36 annual reports. Hypothesis testingby logistic regression analysis showed that all corporate characteristics such as size, profitability,leverage and age of firm had no significant influence on corporate social responsibility disclosure.
Carboxymethyl cellulose–poly-m-phenylenediamine composite membrane for gold recovery from e-waste

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A novel carboxymethyl cellulose–poly- m -phenylenediamine composite membrane has been developed in this work, which can selectively extract Au( iii ) from e-waste leachate, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 421.1 mg g −1 , and can be regenerated.
Calcium mobilization and protein kinase C activation are required for cholecystokinin stimulation of pancreatic cholesterol esterase secretion

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The bile salt-stimulated cholesterol esterase is a digestive enzyme synthesized by the acinar cells of the pancreas. Previous results have shown that cholesterol esterase biosynthesis and secretion in the AR42J pancreatoma cells could be increased 3-5-fold by intestinal hormones such as cholecystokinin (CCK). The purpose of the current study is to explore the signalling mechanism by which CCK stimulation of AR42J cells results in increased biosynthesis and secretion of the cholesterol esterase. The results showed that the CCK-induced cholesterol esterase secretion could be mimicked by addition of the Ca2+ ionophore A23187 or by transient incubation of AR42J cells with the protein kinase C activator phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA). Cholesterol esterase stimulation by CCK, A23187 and PMA could be abolished by the calcium chelator BAPTA or by specific protein kinase C inhibitors such as chelerythrine. Additionally, prolonged incubation of AR42J cells with PMA to reduce the protein kinase C level, also reduced CCK-stimulated cholesterol esterase secretion to a level similar to that observed in control cells. Taken together, these data suggested that CCK activation of cholesterol esterase secretion may be mediated by a Ca(2+)-dependent protein kinase C pathway, requiring increases in calcium mobilization and activation of protein kinase C.
Variability of the Anterior Ethmoid Artery in Endoscopic Sinus Surgery

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: The anterior ethmoidal artery (AEA) demonstrates anatomic variability relative to its descent from the anterior skull base. Our study’s objective was to assess for correlation of AEA descent and laterality, in addition to correlation of AEA descent and the presence of supraorbital ethmoid cells (SOEC) and concha bullosae (CB). Method: A retrospective study was performed at a tertiary rhinology center from January 2019 to January 2020. Noncontrast maxillofacial computed tomography scans were examined independently by 2 fellowship trained rhinologists. The vertical distance from both left and right AEAs to the ipsilateral skull base were compared and correlated with the presence of ipsilateral SOEC and CB. Results: Computed tomography scans from 50 subjects were included. Mean age was 50.68 years (40% females). The distance of AEA to the skull base was greater on the left when compared to the right (62% vs 48%) ( P < .05). The left AEA had an average descent of 2.84 mm versus 1.78 mm on the right ( P < .05). An SOEC was present in 56% of cases. Thirty-eight percent of subjects had both SOEC and AEA descent on the right, while 52% of subjects had both on the left. This reached a statistical significance on both sides ( P < .05). Concha bullosa was present in 35% of cases, with both AEA descent and CB present in 16% on the right, and 32% on the left. Conclusion: The AEA displays variability in vertical descent from the skull base, with greater variability on the left. These findings implore vigilance with evaluation of preoperative imaging and during sinus surgery, especially in the presence of SOEC and CB.