jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
NF1+/ex42del miniswine model the cellular disruptions and behavioral presentations of NF1‐associated cognitive and motor impairment

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract Cognitive or motor impairment is common among individuals with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), an autosomal dominant tumor‐predisposition disorder. As many as 70% of children with NF1 report difficulties with spatial/working memory, attention, executive function, and fine motor movements. In contrast to the utilization of various Nf1 mouse models, here we employ an NF1 +/ex42del miniswine model to evaluate the mechanisms and characteristics of these presentations, taking advantage of a large animal species more like human anatomy and physiology. The prefrontal lobe, anterior cingulate, and hippocampus from NF1 +/ex42del and wild‐type miniswine were examined longitudinally, revealing abnormalities in mature oligodendrocytes and astrocytes, and microglial activation over time. Imbalances in GABA: Glutamate ratios and GAD67 expression were observed in the hippocampus and motor cortex, supporting the role of disruption in inhibitory neurotransmission in NF1 cognitive impairment and motor dysfunction. Moreover, NF1 +/ex42del miniswine demonstrated slower and shorter steps, indicative of a balance‐preserving response commonly observed in NF1 patients, and progressive memory and learning impairments. Collectively, our findings affirm the effectiveness of NF1 +/ex42del miniswine as a valuable resource for assessing cognitive and motor impairments associated with NF1, investigating the involvement of specific neural circuits and glia in these processes, and evaluating potential therapeutic interventions.
The Genesis of the African Crisis: the Manifestation of a Political Will

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In this chapter, I argue that Africa's postcolonial leadership is largely responsible for the African crisis. In the first part of the chapter, I discuss Mahmood Mamdani's thesis that the two-tier society in postcolonial Africa is a legacy of late colonialism.2 In the second part, I will discuss the political philosophy of former Cameroonian president, Ahmadou Ahidjo, to support the claim that the African crisis resulted from the political will of the postcolonial leaders. In so arguing, however, I do not deny the imperial order's devastating effects that continued in the postcolony. Colonial articulations and praxis drastically reordered African history, society, and political realities, and left an indelible mark on a continent it had balkanized and robbed of its economic resources.3 Colonial hegemonic ideology combined racist religious praxis and local structures to dominate Africans in the name of Christianity and civilization.4 KeywordsPolitical CommunityTraditional AuthoritySingle PartyLate ColonialismAfrican LeaderThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Chiral MOF Derived Wearable Logic Sensor for Intuitive Discrimination of Physiologically Active Enantiomer

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Chiral sensors have attracted growing interest due to their application in health monitoring. However, rational design of wearable logic chiral sensors remains a great challenge. In this work, a dual responsive chiral sensor RT@CDMOF is prepared through in situ self‐assembly of chiral γ ‐cyclodextrin metal‐organic framework (CDMOF), rhodamine 6G hydrazide (RGH), and tetracyanovinylindane (TCN). The embedded RGH and TCN inherit the chirality of host CDMOF, producing dual changes both in fluorescence and reflectance. RT@CDMOF is explored as a dual channel sensor for chiral discrimination of lactate enantiomers. Comprehensive mechanistic studies reveal the chiral binding process, and carboxylate dissociation is confirmed by impedance and solid‐state 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). A flexible membrane sensor is successfully fabricated based on RT@CDMOF for wearable health monitoring. Practical evaluation confirms the potential of fabricated membrane sensor in point‐of‐care health monitoring by indexing the exercise intensity. Based on above, a chiral IMPLICATION logic unit can be successfully achieved, demonstrating the promising potential of RT@CDMOF in design and assembly of novel smart devices. This work may open a new avenue to the rational design of logic chiral sensors for wearable health monitoring applications.
Renewal and circulation of intermediate waters in the Canadian Basin observed on the SCICEX 96 cruise

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

During the summer of 1996 the nuclear submarine USS Pogy occupied a line of stations extending through the middle of the Canadian Basin between about 88°N, 44°W (Lomonosov Ridge) and about 78°N, 144°W (center of the Canada Basin). CTD/Niskin bottle casts extending to 1600 m were carried out at eight stations, providing the first high‐quality temperature, salinity, CFC, tritium, and 3 He data obtained from this region, although XCTD data had previously been collected in this region. These data, along with data from stations at the basin boundary to the south and west, reveal the presence of well‐ventilated intermediate water beneath the halocline in the center of the Canada Basin, indicating renewal times of the order of 1–2 decades. The least ventilated intermediate water was observed at the northern end of the Canada Basin along the southern flank of the Alpha Ridge. Intermediate water is derived from the Atlantic Ocean and enters the Arctic Ocean through Fram Strait and the Barents Sea. It flows around the Arctic basins in boundary currents and splits in the eastern Amundsen Basin with one branch crossing the Lomonosov Ridge and flowing along the East Siberian continental slope and the other flowing along the Eurasian flank of the Lomonosov Ridge. From the 1996 Scientific Ice Expedition (SCICEX 96) observations we conclude that the branch that flows along the East Siberian continental slope transports this water to the Chukchi Rise, where it apparently enters the central Canada Basin with some flow continuing along the boundary to the southern Canada Basin. The Fram Strait Branch Water mixes extensively with waters from the Canadian Basin during its transit along the East Siberian continental slope, being diluted by a factor of about 5 by the time it reaches the central Canada Basin. The Barents Sea Branch Water does not undergo such extensive mixing and is diluted by a factor of only about 2 when it reaches the central Canada Basin.
John Hawkesworth (1715–1773), an Account of the Voyages Undertaken by the Order of his Present …

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The diary accounts, written by the Captains as a record of events and for scientific purposes, provide significant evidence of encounters between explorers and the original inhabitants, and sometimes invaders, of various nations across the globe. They provide insight into the emotions – the anxieties and fears – of sailors, descriptions of how Europeans read emotions on the bodies of those from very different cultures, and the emotional dynamics of negotiations for trade, friendship, science and more between various groups. Moments of encounter were significant events in the political life of nations and their success often rested on how groups interpreted gestures and expressions as evidence for positive and negative feeling. The first excerpts are taken from Samuel Wallis's voyage as Captain of the HMS Dolphin to 'discover the southern continent', which described his journey in the South Pacific and particularly his travel to Tahiti.
Is an Authors Arguments on Reconciliation affected by his background? : Abductive Study on Patterns in Reconciliation Literatur

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The field of reconciliation literature has grown substantially since the 1990s, and the concept of reconciliation is now associated with many different definitions and actions in the peace building process. In the diverse field of literature on reconciliation authors highlight different aspects as most important which complicates the knowledge of what a successful reconciliation process really is. To have a better understanding of the field of reconciliation and what affects an author, to argue for their specific theory this study will, through the approach of abductive reasoning, research whether the background of an author affects what they research. To represent the field of reconciliation literature an expert sampling of five authors who are all highly referenced and influence the field will be used. To answer the research objective an analytical frame work together with a hermeneutic text analysis will be applied to each authors text to highlight their arguments. Finally the authors arguments and background will be analyzed to find patterns in the texts which could be compared with possible connections or patterns in the authors background. Based on this study the result shows that authors with a background, which is not only academic might have another approach to understanding the reconciliation process but their arguments show no clear patterns which can be connected to the authors background, however understanding why an author argues is important to understand what kind of people are affecting the actions of reconciliation. This study looked at five authors who all represent a very similar background and arguments which can show a tendency in reconciliation literature that the most distinguished authors all share the same background and therefore might not provide any new insight to the field.
Cloning and Characterization of the PMADS9 Gene Promoter from Petunia

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Gene PMADS9 is a member of the AGL15 subfamily in MADS-box genes.The Arabidopsis AGL15 subfamily genes have been reported to act as inhibiters of flower senescence,repressors of floral transition and enhancers of somatic embryo development.Using YADE method and hiTAIL-PCR,we isolated 1853bp sequences upstream of the putative translation start of the PMADS9 gene from petunia.The results of 5′RLM-RACE analysis showed that the PMADS9 gene has at least four TSSs,and two of them are located in the first exon.Cis-regulatory elements of the PMADS9 promoter predicted by PLACE and PlantCARE are related with seed and pollen development and environmental response.Analysis of promoter sequences from AGL15-clade MADS-box genes by FootPrinter showed that very conserved RY-repeat motifs were exist among them,and the conversation of promoters between Solanaceae and the selected 5 species of Rosids is higher than that between Brassicaceae and the same selected species,even though Solanaceae is less closely related to Rosids than Brassicaceae.Furthermore,the results also suggested that regions of 200-400bp and 800-1000bp upstream of the ATG were functionally important.
Identification and localisation of a putative actin in the two species of potato cyst nematodes using a monoclonal antibody

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Sununary A monoclonal antibody (MAb RES GRj-2) raised ta second stage juveniles 02) of Globodera roslOchiensis binds to the layer of soma tic muscle in J2 of the [wo species of potata cyst nematodes (PCN). l\1Ab binding was not observed in gravid white females. The MAb recognised a protein of 42 kDa which is similar to mammalian actin, since the MAb also reacted with bovine muscle actin in Western blots. Commercial polyclonal antiserum to actin from chicken back muscle also bound to a band of 42 kDa in extracts of G. roslOchiensis and G. pallida and to a commercial sample of actin. The isoelectric points of the proteins recognised by the MAb were pl 5.72 in G. roslOchiensis and bovine muscle actin, and pl 5.46 in G. pallida) indicating that this putative actin has different isoforms in the rwo species of PCN.
An investigation on the fluid properties of spray cooling

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this world, heat is indispensable toward people’s lives. Heat can neither be destroyed nor created. The only way to vanish heat is by transferring it to cooler place. Overheating has caused problems for many types of machineries. There are many ways to enhance heat transfer. Increasing the surface area and changing the fluid properties are the most common ways to enhance heat transfer. In this project, the student was trying to enhance heat transfer by trying different kinds of fluids. At first, as a benchmark, DI Water was used as the fluid for spray cooling. Then 1-Butanol mixture with DI Water and Tween-20 mixture with DI Water were used. For measuring the heat transfer performance of each fluid, while the fluid was sprayed onto the copper plate, thermocouples were already set into the holes of the copper plate to measure the temperature. After some experiments, it was found out that 1-Butanol mixture and Tween-20 mixture can enhance the heat transfer. 1-Butanol and Tween-20 each can affect the property of DI Water which can affect in increasing the heat flux transferred from the copper plate. 1-Butanol mixture can increase the heat transfer around 7-8% while Tween-20 can increase around 5-6% compared to DI Water. Therefore, it is understood that 1-Butanol and Tween-20 can increase the heat transfer performance in spray cooling.
Assessing Ecosystem Health in Botanical Gardens

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Botanical gardens have an important role as ex-situ plant conservation areas, so the health condition of the botanical garden ecosystem must be considered so that it remains sustainable.However, currently not many studies have been carried out regarding the health of botanical garden ecosystems, especially in Lampung Province.Therefore, this research was conducted to assess and compare the health of ecosystems in all botanical gardens in Lampung Province.Measurement and analysis of research data was carried out using the Forest Health Monitoring (FHM) method based on ecological indicators in which the categories were bad, medium, and good.The research results obtained show that CL1 has a bad category with a value of 6.18; CL2 has a bad category with a value of 5.64; CL3 has a good category with a score of 7.89; and CL4 has a good category with a value of 7.61.Thus, the health condition of the ITERA Botanical Gardens and Liwa Botanical Gardens ecosystem has a final average score of 6.83 which is included in the medium category.It is important to always maintain and improve the health status of forests, considering that the existence of botanical gardens provides many benefits for the surrounding environment and society.
Urban development through hosting international events: a history of the Olympic Games

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In recent years, there has been increased interest in the idea of promoting urban development and change through the hosting of major events. This approach offers host cities the possibility of 'fast track' urban regeneration, a stimulus to economic growth, improved transport and cultural facilities, and enhanced global recognition and prestige. Many authors attribute the increased importance of event-led development to wider transformations in the global economy, such as post-Fordism and globalization. However, event-led development has a long history and can be recognized, for example, in the World Fairs of the nineteenth century. The Olympic Games, the world's most prestigious sporting event, has been held for over one hundred years with significant consequences for the host cities. This paper reviews the effects of the Olympics on the urban environment of the various cities which have acted as hosts in the modern Olympic period (1896-1996). The material outlines the varied motivations for staging the Games and examines their outcomes in terms of urban development.
Individual Differences in Women During Walking Affect Tibial Response to Load Carriage: The Importance of Individualized Musculoskeletal Finite-Element Models

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Subject-specific features can contribute to the susceptibility of an individual to stress fracture. Here, we incorporated tibial morphology and material properties into a standard musculoskeletal finite-element (M/FE) model and investigated how load carriage influences joint kinetics and tibial mechanics in women. We obtained the morphology and material properties of the tibia from computed tomography images for women of three distinctly different heights, 1.51 m (short), 1.63 m (medium), and 1.75 m (tall), and developed individualized M/FE models for each. Then, we calculated joint and muscle forces, and subsequently, tibial stress/strain for each woman walking at 1.3 m/s under various load conditions (0, 11.3, or 22.7 kg). Among the subjects investigated, using individualized and standard M/FE models, the joint reaction forces (JRFs) differed by up to 4 (hip), 22 (knee), and 26% (ankle), and the 90th percentile von Mises stress by up to 30% (tall woman). Load carriage evoked distinct biomechanical responses, with a 22.7-kg load decreasing the peak hip JRF during late stance by ∼18% in the short woman, while increasing it by ∼39% in the other two women. It also increased peak knee and ankle JRFs by up to ∼48 (tall woman) and ∼36% (short woman). The same load increased the 90th percentile von Mises stress (and corresponding cumulative stress) by 31 (28), 22 (30), and 27% (32%) in the short, medium, and tall woman, respectively. Our findings highlight the critical role of individualized M/FE models to assess mechanical loading in different individuals performing the same physical activity.
Anomaly of pigmentation in schistosomiasis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Anomaly of Pigmentation in Schistosomiasis Get access H.C. Sinderson, M.D., F.R.C.P.(Edin),D.T.M. & H.(Eng.) H.C. Sinderson, M.D., F.R.C.P.(Edin),D.T.M. & H.(Eng.) Dean and Professor of Medicine, Royal College of Medicine of Iraq Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, Volume 23, Issue 6, April 1930, Pages 633–634, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0035-9203(30)80028-2 Published: 01 April 1930
Kinetics of endoglucanase and cellobiohydrolase production by parent and mutant derivative of moderately thermotolerant Bacillus subtilis GQ 301542 on optimized medium

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A moderately thermotolerant bacterial strain was isolated from the hot spring of Tatta Pani (AJ and K) Pakistan and was designated as Bacillus subtilis strain GQ 301542 after biochemical, morphological and 16S rDNA sequence analysis. This strain and its catabolite repression resistant mutant CRM197 were utilized for the study of different production kinetic parameters of both endoglucanase and cellobiohydrolase. Time course study on one monomeric (glucose), one dimeric (maltose) and two polymeric substrates (-cellulose and wheat straw) was carried out at different time intervals (4 - 28 h, after each 4 h) for determining the maximum enzyme productivity on a particular substrate. Maximum rate of en do glucanase production by the mutant (53.1 IU/L/h) was significantly (P = 0.0007) higher than that (23.7 IU/L/h of the parental organism following their growth on glucose in Dubos salts medium while the optimum product yields (Y p/s ) was calculated as 69.0 IU/g S (parent) and 82.3 IU/g S (mutant) for cellobiohydrolase production. Deoxy-D-glucose resistant mutant was significantly (p = 0.03 to 0.0007) improved over its parental strain with respect to some substrate consumption and all product formation parameters and can easily degrade cellulosic biomass for production of fermentable carbohydrates. Key words: Cellobiohydrolase, endoglucanase, thermotolerant, Bacillus subtilis.
Resting state network functional connectivity and the five-facet mindfulness questionnaire

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Mindfulness has been described as an orientation of attention to the present moment, with openness and compassion. Individuals displaying high trait mindfulness exhibit this tendency as a more permanent personality attribute. The goal of this study was to gain insight on the neural substrates of trait mindfulness. Twenty-eight undergraduate students completed a measure of trait mindfulness, the Five-Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ), before undergoing a structural and a seven-minute resting state functional MRI scan. Resting-state data were analyzed using independent-component analyses. Individual differences on FFMQ scores were related to individual differences in functional connectivity of eight resting state networks. We found that, 1) cognitive and sensory networks provide valuable information on the neural substrates of trait mindfulness; and 2) trait mindfulness associated with greater integration of neural regions related to bodily sensation. This study supports the notion that trait mindfulness is associated with functional areas related to cognition and sensation.
Pembuatan Prototipe Aplikasi Distribusi Pangan Berbasis Sistem Informasi Geografis (SIG)

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Food distribution and supply chain are the main problems to achieve food security in Indonesia. Geographical gaps, poor transportation systems and social differences in Indonesia induce a high complexity challenges to implement a perfect distribution system that can suitable with Indonesia characteristic. The purpose of this research is building a prototype for food distribution application using geographical information system (GIS) that can be implemented in Indonesia. GIS can visualize the entire data layer into a map which is easier to analyze. Indonesia consists of 34 provinces that spread over many island, each has specific geographical profile and transportation problems. This can be used as data layers with other instruments which related with food distribution in Indonesia. Building a food distribution application prototype is part of developing food distribution system which produce prototype of the system. Prototyping approach is being used to evaluate the designing result of GIS with analyzing features for food distribution in Indonesia. Final result for this research is an application that can be implemented into food distribution system that can create a stable food security in Indonesia, for all of the provinces.
Inflammatory Pathways in Coronary Artery Disease: Which Ones to Target for Secondary Prevention?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Coronary artery disease (CAD), the build-up of atherosclerotic plaques on the wall of blood vessels, causes adverse cardiovascular events. Secondary prevention focuses on treating patients with existing plaques to prevent disease progression. Recent studies have shown that inflammation is an independent risk factor that drives disease progression, and targeting inflammation could be an effective therapeutic strategy for secondary prevention. In this review, we highlighted the roles of several inflammatory pathways in rupture and erosion, two major processes through which established plaques lead to adverse cardiovascular events. In the past 15 years, numerous clinical trials have tested the therapeutic potential of targeting these pathways, including neutralizing inflammatory cytokines and blocking signaling transduction of the inflammatory pathways. Only colchicine was approved for clinical use in patients with CAD. This is primarily due to the multifaceted roles of inflammatory pathways in disease progression. Commonly used pre-clinical models provided robust information for the onset of early disease but limited understanding of the inflammatory network in established plaques. This review will summarize lessons learned from successful and failed clinical trials to advocate for assessing inflammation in established plaques before designing therapeutics for secondary prevention.