jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
STUDIES ON THE PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIONS OF CORYDALIS V.TOXICITY OF CORYDALIS B AND ITS INFLUENCE ON SMOOTH MUSCLES

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

(Ⅰ)Acute toxicity.Six monkeys were given by stomach tube 85,110 mg/kg,or by subcu- taneous injection 80 mg/kg of corydalis B (dl-tetrahydropalmatine sulfate),no toxic manifesta- tions were observed.Sedative and hypnotic actions have been found,but the animals were very easily awakened by external stimuli.When the oral dose was raised to 180 mg/kg,the monkeys at first became excited,i.e.growling,jumping,vomiting etc,and marked depressive appearance followed about 30 minutes later.These monkeys had no reaction except blinking when they were stimulated by sound or light blow.After 3—4 hours Parkinson’s syndrome appeared,but EKG and respira- tion remained normal.In the laspe of 3—7 days,the animals recovered gradually. (Ⅱ)Subacute toxicity.Two monkeys were fed a daily dosage of 85 mg/kg of corydalis B for 14 days.In the first three days,it caused the same changes in monkey’s appearance as those induced by a single dose of 80 or 110 mg/kg;and 4—7 days later the above mentioned side effects of single dose of 180 mg/kg prevailed.At autopsy,no macroscopic change was observed in visceral organs,but a slight cloudy swelling was found in the heart and kindeys by microscopic examina- tion. (Ⅲ)Smooth muscles.Subcutaneous injection of corydalis B 40 mg/kg produced no marked influence on uterus and intestine of cats or rabbits in situ,whilst the intravenous injection of 20 mg/kg exhibited a transient stimulation on intestine in situ.Corydalis B could inhibit the con- traction of small intestine and uterus at the concentration of 1:20,000.It could also antagonize the spasm of isolated smooth muscles induced by acetylcholine,barium chloride or pituitrin.
The speculative social role of art and finance

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

With a notable shift in the nature of contemporary finance, art and finance are increasingly characterized by their semi-autonomous and abstracted natures. By demonstrating how speculation can intersect with the notion of belief and extending Maurizio Lazzarato’s work on the conditions necessary for belief, the article argues that art and finance’s properties of semi-autonomy and abstraction make them ideal sites for speculation. Drawing from work in economics, critical finance studies and art theory, it is argued that people speculate for reasons that go beyond rational capital accumulation, and the article concludes with the suggestion that the non-monetary benefits of speculation, in particular, are causing art and finance to increasingly become substitute and competing platforms.
Privileges and Immunities of Diplomatic Agents

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract This chapter explores the immunities accorded to a diplomatic agent personally, as distinct from those dealt with in the previous chapter. These include personal inviolability and immunity from criminal, civil, and administrative jurisdiction. Unless entitled to some specific exemption by international agreement or by national law, a diplomatic agent is otherwise legally bound by the laws and regulations of the receiving State. Diplomatic agents are not exempt from the obligation to obey the local criminal law, or from the duty to pay debts, or to seek local planning permission before rebuilding their residences, or from local regulations regarding the maintenance and insurance of vehicles when driving. But if they break any of these laws, immunity means that they cannot be arrested or detained by the executive authorities of the receiving State and cannot be subjected to criminal trial or sued in civil proceedings before the judicial authorities of that State.
“Analisis makna Tongkonan dalam kaitannya dengan Falsafa Toraja Unnalli Melo dalam menciptakan sebuah perdamaian”

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This study aims to analyze the meaning of Tongkonan, and it s relationship with the TorajaUnnalliMelo Philosophy in creating peace in Toraja society. Toraja culture, as a symbol of attachment to family and descendants, and the relations with nature and social harmony, is also the principle underlying the existence of Tongkonan and the Toraja tradition as a whole, in this case Tongkonan and UnnalliMelo philosophy are interrelated and mutually reinforcing one another in creating peace in Torajacociety. Therefore, it is important to maintain and promote Toraja culture as part of efforts to strengthen social unity and peace in Torajacociety.
What Students Expect May Have More Impact Than What They Know or Feel

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Researchers of educational technologies are often asked to do the impossible: make students learn and have them enjoy it. These two objectives, though not mutually exclusive, are frequently at odds with each other. Effective learning strategies require active knowledge use on the part of the student. Meanwhile, students typically seek to learn through the path of least effort. This can cause conflict during system interaction, and it is often the case that attitudes toward the learning environment suffer. The current study indicates that students' prior expectations of what technology can (or cannot) do may actually have a greater impact than their initial level of motivation, previous domain knowledge, and familiarity with technology, combined. Knowing these prior expectations may be a crucial step to help researchers perform the impossible.
Moth-flame optimisation algorithm-based fractional order PI<i><SUP align="right">λ</SUP></i>D<i><SUP align="right">μ</SUP></i> controller with MRAC tuning configuration

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper proposes a new fractional-order PID controller (FOPID) design based on the model reference adaptive control (MRAC) configuration using a practical numerical search method called moth-flame optimisation (MFO) algorithm for the parameters' adjustment. The five parameters of the fractional order PIλDμ controller, namely the coefficients KP, KI and KD and the fractional integral and derivative orders λ and μ are optimised by evaluating an exact quadratic performance index. Numerical simulation examples illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed tuning method for different plant model structures, and to show relative performance enhancement comparatively to other parameters' tuning strategies.
Tin Whisker on Impact Switch and Fuze Ballistic Explosion

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Aiming at the problem of rocket HEAT electromechanical contact fuze ballistic explosion after long term storage,the concept of tin whisker was introduced to analyze the reason of such failure.When adopting the method of illumination by sunlight or artificial light source and changing visual angles continuously,tin whisker could be found on inner and outer ogives of impact switch of the long stored rocket HEAT electromechanical contact fuze.A designed and performed test,in which tin whisker conducted electricity and spring fuze circuit,verified the tin whisker could make the impact switch conductive abnormally and also could spring the fuze exploding controlling circuit.It could be found that the electromechanical contact fuze ballistic explosion maybe was mainly due to the growth of tin whisker on the tin-plated layer of inner and outer ogives of impact switch.
LHD cECE #158351.1

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The electron cyclotron emission (ECE) imaging to determine the electron temperature profile by measuring the intensity of each frequency of ECE. This system uses a wide-band two-dimensional horn-antenna mixer array (HMA) whose frequency response is between 50 and 110 GHz and the ECE signal is selected using a 95 GHz local oscillator and a 93 GHz high-pass filter.
Clustering moving entities in euclidean space

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Clustering is a fundamental problem of spatio-temporal data analysis. Given a set X of n moving entities, each of which corresponds to a sequence of tau time-stamped points in R^d, a k-clustering of X is a partition of X into k disjoint subsets that optimizes a given objective function. In this thesis, we consider two clustering problems, k-Center and k-MM, where the goal is to minimize the maximum value of the objective function over the duration of motion for the worst-case input X. We show that both problems are NP-hard when k is an arbitrary input parameter, even when the motion is restricted to R. We provide an exact algorithm for the 2-MM clustering problem in R^d that runs in O(tau dn^2) time. The running time can be improved to O(tau n log n) when the motion is restricted to R. We show that the 2-Center clustering problem is NP-hard in R^2. Our 2-MM clustering algorithm provides a 1.15-approximate solution to the 2-Center clustering problem in R2. Moreover, finding a (1.15 - epsilon)-approximate solution remains NP-hard for any epsilon > 0. For both the k-MM and k-Center clustering problems in R^d, we provide a 2-approximation algorithm that runs in O(tau dnk) time. We show that the worst case of the k-MM clustering over a continuous time interval is realized at the interval's endpoints. Furthermore, we apply our k-MM algorithm for clustering sets of trajectories to real-world data recorded from motion capture on humans, GPS cycling trajectories, and GPS trajectories from a fleet of taxis. We examine what the resulting clusters “look like” when the algorithm is applied to various common real-word scenarios for different values of k.
Antiplatelet versus anticoagulation treatment for patients with heart failure in sinus rhythm

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

There is evidence from RCTs to suggest that neither oral anticoagulation with warfarin or platelet inhibition with aspirin is better for mortality in systolic heart failure with sinus rhythm (high quality of the evidence for all-cause mortality and moderate quality of the evidence for non-fatal cardiovascular events and major bleeding events). Treatment with warfarin was associated with a 20% reduction in non-fatal cardiovascular events but a twofold higher risk of major bleeding complications (high quality of the evidence). We saw a similar pattern of results for the warfarin versus clopidogrel comparison (low quality of the evidence). At present, there are no data on the role of oral anticoagulation versus antiplatelet agents in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction with sinus rhythm. Also, there were no data from RCTs on the utility of non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants compared to antiplatelet agents in heart failure with sinus rhythm.
Occurrence Download

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A dataset containing 388 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query: { "and" : [ "Country is Solomon Islands", "HasCoordinate is true", "HasGeospatialIssue is false", "TaxonKey is Dicaeum aeneum Pucheran, 1853" ] } The dataset includes 388 records from 17 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0213917-200613084148143/datasets/export for details. Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
Asymptotic Distribution of Cramer-von Mises Statistic When Contamination Exists

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, asymptotic distribution of Cram\'er-von Mises goodness-of-fit test statistic is investigated when contamination exists.<br />We first derive the asymptotic distribution of the Cram\'er-von Mises statistic when the observations are contaminated with noise as a mixture.<br />The result is extended to the case where the parameters are estimated by the minimum distance estimator,<br />which minimizes the Cram\'er-von Mises statistic.<br />In both cases the asymptotic distribution of the Cram\'er-von Mises statistic is given by that of the weighted infinite sum of non-central $\chi^2_1$ variables and the effect of contamination appears only in the non-centrality of the variables.<br />We also demonstrate the robustness of the goodness-of-fit test by Monte Carlo simulations when the parameters are estimated<br />by the minimum distance estimator and the maximum likelihood estimator.<br />Numerical experiments indicate that the use of the minimum distance estimator makes the test insensitive to contamination whereas the power is retained almost the same as that of the maximum likelihood estimator.
Electron transport through a parallel double-dot system in the presence of Aharonov-Bohm flux and phonon scattering

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We examine the transport and microwave properties of the tunnel-coupled double-dot structure with parallel arrangement between leads in the presence of Aharonov-Bohm magnetic flux. The nonequilibrium Green's function formalism is employed with account of electron-phonon coupling and interdot Coulomb repulsion. We obtain the energies, populations, and linewidths of the bonding and antibonding states in the double-dot structure as well as its current-voltage characteristics and the bias dependence of the electromagnetic energy absorbed by the system. For resonant magnetic fluxes when only one level is connected to the leads, the current-voltage characteristics have only one step, whereas for nonresonant fluxes there are either two steps or one sharp step depending on the common equilibrium chemical potential of the leads. In the case of two steps, the current value in the plateau region between the steps is the oscillatory function of applied magnetic flux. It is shown that the disconnection of one of the levels from the leads at the resonant phases gives rise to the residual absorption of the external electromagnetic field at high bias which vanishes otherwise.
Changes in the Medieval Colour Scheme of the Southern Façade of Wrocław Town Hall—A Case Study

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The aim of this article is to discuss the colour transformations of one of the most representative Gothic façades in Central Europe—the southern façade of Wrocław Town Hall. Based on iconographic, architectural, and stratigraphic research, it was possible to find the remains of two stages of medieval colour changes. Based on these discoveries, an attempt was made to reconstruct both phases of the medieval colour scheme. The research findings enable the object to be described with regard to the architecture and colours of late gothic façades in Poland, Czechia and Germany.
EXPLORING ENGLISH EDUCATION MASTER STUDENTS’ METACOGNITIVE AWARENESS IN ACADEMIC WRITING LEARNING ENTERPRISES

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract Inculcating a higher degree of metacognitive awareness in the presence of academic writing learning scope is a crucial matter for globalized ELT educationalists since learners can regulate their learning objectives, behavior, motivation, and endeavor for a better purpose. Specifically, this present qualitative study aimed to further investigate English Education Master Students’ metacognitive awareness in academic writing learning enterprises accompanied with the support of 10 narrative written interview inquiries asking about the significance of metacognitive awareness in their academic writing learning activities. Two English Education Master Students batch 2018 and 2020 from Sanata Dharma University were invited to take part in this study. Based on the obtained findings, these two participants concurred that a higher degree of metacognitive awareness gradually transformed them into more persistent and goal-oriented academic writers. In line with those aforementioned findings, it is worthwhile to be recommended for worldwide educators to continually nurture the robust development of graduate EFL learners’ metacognitive awareness to provide more long-lasting holistic academic writing learning values for their future career occurrences. Keywords: Metacognitive awareness, academic writing, narrative inquiry
Verification of a Communication Method Secure against Attacks Using Convergence Hash Functions in Inter-vehicular Secure Communication

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

자동차에 정보기술 도입비율이 높아짐에 따라서 최근 스마트 카, 커넥티드 카로 일컬어지기 시작했다. 스마트자동차 시스템이 적용되어 외부 네트워크에서 차량과 접속하게 되면서 통신보안 위협 또한 증가하고 있다. 차량에 다양한 보안 위협에 대한 모의시험 결과로 관련된 취약성이 사회적 이슈와 기사화 되고 있으며, 자동차 융합 보안통신에 대한 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 자동차 해킹이 일반적인 해킹보다 위험한 것은 운전자의 생명위협 및 사회적인 혼란을 야기할 수 있기 때문이다. 본 논문에서는 차량 대 차량, 차 내부 통신 등에 안전한 통신을 위해 해시함수, 난수, 공개키, 타임스탬프 및 Password 등을 이용하여 융합 프로토콜을 설계하였다. 정형검증 도구인 Casper/FDR을 이용하여 검증하였으며 제안한 프로토콜이 보안적으로 양호하게 동작되며 외부 공격자의 공격에 안전함을 확인하였다. The increase in applying IT to vehicles has given birth to smart cars or connected cars. As smarts cars become connected with external network systems, threats to communication security are on the rise. With simulation test results supporting such threats to Convergence security in vehicular communication, concerns are raised over relevant vulnerabilities, while an increasing number of studies on secure vehicular communication are published. Hacking attacks against vehicles are more dangerous than other types of hacking attempts because such attacks may threaten drivers' lives and cause social instability. This paper designed a Convergence security protocol for inter-vehicle and intra-vehicle communication using a hash function, nonce, public keys, time stamps and passwords. The proposed protocol was tested with a formal verification tool, Casper/FDR, and found secure and safe against external attacks.
Expression of CD14 and CD44 on bovine polymorphonuclear leukocytes during resolution of mammary inflammatory response induced by muramyldipeptide and lipopolysaccharide

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

The aim of the study was to prove the effect of muramyldipeptide and lipopolysaccharide on the expression of CD14 and CD44 during an induced inflammatory response of the mammary gland and its resolution. The purpose was to clarify whether the CD14 and CD44 expression is controlled by the mechanisms of resolution. The CD44 had previously been judged to be an activation marker along with CD11b on polymorphonuclear leukocytes. The experimental inflammatory response was induced by muramyldipeptide and lipopolysaccharide, while phosphate buffered saline was used as a control. The course of the inflammatory response was monitored at four time points: 24 h and 48 h (initiation of inflammatory response), 72 h and 168 h (resolution of inflammatory response). The total number of cells was determined by a hemocytometer. Flow cytometry was used to determine differential counts of leukocytes, proportions of CD11b+ polymorphonuclear leukocytes, proportions of apoptotic and necrotic polymorphonuclear leukocytes, and proportions of CD14+ and CD44+ polymorphonuclear leukocytes. The proportion of CD11b+ polymorphonuclear leukocytes after induction of inflammation with muramyldipeptide was higher (P < 0.05) compared to that after induction by phosphate buffered saline, was highly significantly greater after lipopolysaccharide (P < 0.01), and remained at approximately the same level for the whole period of observation (168 h). A higher proportion of CD14+ polymorphonuclear leukocytes was observed 72 h after induction with phosphate buffered saline. A statistically highly significant lower proportion was observed after induction with muramyldipeptide (P < 0.01), and a statistically significant lower proportion was observed after induction with lipopolysaccharide (P < 0.05). Decrease in the proportion of CD14+ polymorphonuclear leukocytes followed. In the initial phase of the inflammatory response (24 to 72 h) there was a gradual increase in the proportion of CD44+ polymorphonuclear leukocytes, and more so after the phosphate buffered saline. A greatly lower proportion of CD44+ polymorphonuclear leukocytes was observed after administration of muramyldipeptide and lipopolysaccharide: 24 h (P < 0.01), 48 h (P < 0.05) and 72 h (P < 0.01). Compared with muramyldipeptide and lipopolysaccharide, there was a statistically highly significant (P < 0.01) lower proportion of CD44+ polymorphonuclear leukocytes observed 168 h after induction with phosphate buffered saline. Hence the proportion of CD44+ polymorphonuclear leukocytes is low in the initial phase of inflammation, and CD44, in contrast with CD11b, does not appear to be a polymorphonuclear marker of activation. The results of the study have shown that expression of CD14 and CD44 is controlled by the factors inducing inflammatory response as well as by the mechanisms of resolution.
Nutrient intakes associated with elevated serum C‐reactive protein concentrations in normal to underweight breastfeeding women in Northern Kenya

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives Low‐grade elevation of C‐reactive protein (CRP) is a non‐specific inflammatory marker, used as a predictor for cardiovascular disease development and chronic inflammatory risks. Research investigating dietary influences on inflammation has focused primarily on the relationship between dietary characteristics, CRP elevation and BMI in the populations at greatest risk for cardiovascular disease, namely those in the overweight and obese ranges, often in clinical settings and/or among those middle aged or older, leaving little information about normal to underweight populations of reproductive age in ecological settings. This study evaluates impacts of dietary nutrients on serum CRP levels in a population of predominantly underweight to normal weight adult women experiencing the additional nutritional demands of lactation. Methods Data from non‐overweight breastfeeding Ariaal women of Kenya collected in 2006 were used ( n = 194). Logistic regression models were applied using low‐grade CRP elevation (hsCRP > 3 mg/L) as the outcome variable and dietary nutrients, age, BMI, and serum retinol as predictors. Results Models showed that energy intake (Kcal) and age were positive predictors of CRP elevation while folate intake, total vitamin A intake, and serum retinol concentration were protective against CRP elevation. Unlike previous studies among higher BMI populations, this study found no significant effect of dietary lipids/fatty acids or BMI on CRP elevation. Conclusions The effects of specific dietary nutrients on inflammatory status may vary with BMI or, in women, reproductive status. Further research should investigate the role of dietary fats, fatty acids, and antioxidant vitamins across populations with a wide range of BMI, including postpartum women. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 26:796–802, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Anatomy study of minimally invasive percutaneous plate osteosynthesis technique in treatment of humeral fracture with locking compression plate

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To explore feasibility of the minimally invasive percutaneous plate osteosynthesis(MIPPO)technique in treatment of humeral shaft fractures by posterior approach.Methods The anatomical study was performed on 30 arms from 15 marinated cadavers.Using posterior approaches respectively,each small incision was 2～4 cm made on the proximal and distal of the regular approach line,a reused narrow 4.5 mm LCP attached with the handle,deep to the muscles from the distal to the proximal incision or from the proximal to the distal incision.The plate was then fixed to the humeral shaft with two screws at each end of the plate through the incisions.Following plate fixation,cut out the kin,brachial triceps,explored the radial and ulnar nerves and kept its nature location,observed the distance between plate and radial and ulnar nerves.Results In the posterior approach: the distances between the medial edge of the plate and the ulnar nerve at the point the nerve pierces the medial inter-muscle septum and the nerve location at the ulnar nerve channel were(1.39±0.55)cm(95% confidence interval: 1.00～1.78 cm) and(9.86±0.87)mm(95% confidence interval: 9.24～ 10.48 cm),to dissociate the radial nerve channel propriety,can add the ranges of exposure to(5.5±0.63) cm(95% confidence interval: 5.05～5.95 cm).Conclusions Using MIPPO technique with LCP to treat humeral shaft fractures is feasible and can not add the risk of ulnar and radial nerves.