jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Ram Load Simulation of Wing Skin-Spar Joints: New Rate-dependent Cohesive Model

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract : A new rate-dependent cohesive zone model for use in impact and/or hydrodynamic ram delamination problems is presented. The traction based model includes a damage-dependent term and two cohesive zone viscosity parameters. The first viscosity parameter adjusts the yield traction of the material, while the second parameter adjusts the peak or maximum traction. This new rate-dependent cohesive model is implemented in Ls-DYNA (971 beta revision 5397), an explicit time integration FEA code, by defining a user cohesive material model. It may be used with shell or brick elements. Previously published Double cantilever beam (DCB) experiments of epoxy and PEEK/carbon-fiber composites are modeled in order to validate the rate-dependent cohesive model. Also, in order to provide a methodology to obtain data to determine material constants for this rate-dependent cohesive zone model, a simple inexpensive experimental apparatus for high rate DCB (Double Cantilever Beam) sample testing was developed.
Sum Rules, Kramers-Kronig Relations, and Transport Coefficients in Charged Systems

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A number of difficulties in previous treatments of the properties of linear homogeneous charged systems are discussed. With respect to the Kramers-Kronig relations and sum rules, it is argued that since the nonlocal electrical conductivity is the ratio of the current to the total field, a quantity which is physical but not necessarily arbitrary, the usual proof of the Kramers-Kronig relation fails. A valid proof, based on the dynamical properties of the electromagnetic field, is presented for the transverse electrical conductivity. On the other hand, it is shown by counterexample that there can be no general proof for the conventionally defined longitudinal electrical conductivity. Part of the difficulty may be ascribed to the failure of the conventional definition to account properly for the change in chemical potential which accompanies a longitudinal spatially varying field and charge distribution. A nonlocal quantity more closely related to the ratio of the longitudinal current to the longitudinal field plus the chemical potential gradient is shown to have more desirable causality properties. Rigorous expressions for the other transport coefficients (the thermopower and thermal conductivity) of simple charged systems are also obtained. These expressions differ substantially from the usually rigorous integral expressions associated with Kubo because of the long-range electromagnetic forces. A compilation of sum rules is included and a number of recurring pitfalls noted.
A Territorialized Memory of Colombian Conflict

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

A review of Huellas de desaparición: Los casos de Urabá, Palacio de Justicia y territorio Nukak (Traces of Disappearance: The Cases of Urabá, Palace of Justice and Nukak Territory), an exhibition held in Bogotá, Colombia, at the Museo de Arte Miguel Urrutia (MAMU), December 10 to July 18, 2021, and in Medellín, Colombia, at the Museo de Antioquia, September 15, 2022 to January 2, 2023; the exhibition was curated by Forensic Architecture and the Comisión para el Esclarecimiento de la Verdad la Convivencia y la No Repetición de la Jurisdicción Especial para la Paz (JEP). The exhibition used architectural tools to reconstruct three episodes of the Colombian armed conflict: the displacement of the Nukak Indigenous people, the dispossession of Campesino farmers to accommodate banana plantations for multinational companies, and the response of Colombian armed forces to the siege of Colombia’s Palace of Justice.
Acceleration Speed Optimization of Intelligent EVs in Consideration of Battery Aging

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A speed optimization framework is presented to minimize both the battery aging and the energy consumption for intelligent electric vehicles (EVs) during acceleration process. To describe quantitatively the battery capacity loss and to optimize in real-life driving conditions, a control-oriented battery life model is derived. Then, the formulation of the speed optimization during an acceleration process is established and solved by sequential quadratic programming (SQP) algorithm. Several simulations are conducted in the case that an intelligent EV speeds up to the specified speed considering different road slopes. The results during an acceleration process from 0 to 100 km/h within 14 s show that the loss of battery capacity can be reduced by 9.6% while the battery energy consumption is merely increased by 1.6% compared with the strategy that only considers the optimal energy consumption.
HERVs in Multiple Sclerosis — From Insertion to Therapy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have not been able to completely elucidate the genetic background of complex diseases. Part of it could lie in repetitive sequences not studied in the GWAS, as those corresponding to Human Endogenous Retroviruses (HERVs). In the present work, we aim to review the potential role of HERVs in the etiology of autoimmune diseases, especially in multiple sclerosis (MS); their potential pathogenic role and their putative consideration as a good target for new treatments. For this purpose, we carried out an in-depth literature review on HERVs, and we integrated our previous findings about HERV-W, HERV-K18, and HERV-Fc1 and MS susceptibility. The study was carried out by a systematic search from electronic databases using the keywords “HERV,” “Multiple sclerosis,” “HERV-W,” “MSRV,” “HERV-K,” “HERV-Fc1,” and “GNbAC1.”
Closed cardiovascular surgery in the first year of life--experience with 40 consecutive cases.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A review of 40 consecutive infants with cardiovascular lesions requiring surgical intervention, without the use of the heart-lung machine, during a 3 year period is presented. Twenty-one patients were cyanotic and 19 were non-cyanotic preoperatively. In the former group, an operation was performed on an urgent or emergency basis in 8 patients (38%). In the latter group, 12 patients (63%) were in congestive heart failure and needed digitalis and diuretics preoperatively. The most frequent lesions among both groups were TOF and aortic coarctation, each being encountered in 6 patients, to be followed by d-TGA, PDA, and vascular ring, each being observed in 5 patients. The youngest patient was 8 hours old, had ectopia cordis associated with omphalocele, and the oldest was 12 months old, had a vascular ring. The lightest infant weighed 1.6 kg and had ligation of PDA at the age of one month. The most common surgical procedure was a systemic pulmonary artery shunt (13 patients), closure of PDA (5 patients), followed by repair of aortic coarctation using the LSA as a patch (6 patients), and division of vascular ring (5 patients). The operative M.R. was 15% in the whole series, 19% among the 21 cyanotic babies, 11% among the 19 non-cyanotic infants and 40% among the 10 patients operated in the first month of life. No death was noted among the 14 patients operated after the age of 6 months. Late mortality occurred in 4 patients giving a total mortality rate of 38% in this group of 21 infants with cyanotic malformations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
On the rank and the convergence rate towards the Sato-Tate measure

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Let $A$ be an abelian variety defined over a number field and let $G$ denote its Sato-Tate group. Under the assumption of certain standard conjectures on $L$-functions attached to the irreducible representations of $G$, we study the convergence rate of any virtual selfdual character of $G$. We find that this convergence rate is dictated by several arithmetic invariants of $A$, such as its rank or its Sato-Tate group $G$. The results are consonant with some previous experimental observations, and we also provide additional numerical evidence consistent with them. The techniques that we use were introduced by Sarnak, in order to explain the bias in the sign of the Frobenius traces of an elliptic curve without complex multiplication defined over $\mathbb{Q}$. We show that the same methods can be adapted to study the convergence rate of the characters of its Sato-Tate group, and that they can also be employed in the more general case of abelian varieties over number fields. A key tool in our analysis is the existence of limiting distributions for automorphic $L$-functions, which is due to Akbary, Ng, and Shahabi.
Efficacy of herbicidal control methods on common teasel (Dipsacus fullonum L.)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Common teasel (Dipsacus fullonum L.) has become an aggressive invasive species throughout most of North America, invading roadsides, ditches, rights of way, pastures, and natural areas. This study examined three herbicides used to control common teasel: 1) BK 800, a 2,4-D based broad-leaf herbicide mixed in diesel fuel; 2) Glyphomax® a non-selective glyphosate-based product mixed in water with 5 mL/L of a non-ionic surfactant (Nu-Film®-IR) added; and 3) Transline®, a clopyralid based broad-leaf herbicide used for non-crop areas with 5 mL/L of the Nu-Film®-IR. The herbicides were applied in three concentrations taken directly from the label specifications: the low end, the high end, and the midpoint between the low and high ends. Plant rosette counts taken two weeks after application were compared to counts taken earlier to create a "survival ratio." The majority of the applications resulted in total kill of all common teasel rosettes. Ratios were compared among all treatment groups and the control. All herbicide treatments resulted in significantly (p<0.001) more kills than the control. The different concentrations of each treatment were compared against each other to determine the optimum concentration for common teasel control. The 2 mL/L concentration of Transline®, the 13 mL/L concentration of Glyphomax® and the 55 mL/L of BK 800 were the most effective treatments. There was no significant difference among the efficacies of the three above herbicides. This study provides the first known quantitative study of herbicidal control of common teasel, and it should serve as a starting point for future studies on controlling this invasive plant.
Doorway states and billiards

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Whenever a distinct state is immersed in a sea of complicated and dense\nstates, the strength of the distinct state, which we refer to as a doorway, is\ndistributed in their neighboring states. We analyze this mechanism for 2-D\nbilliards with different geometries. One of them is symmetric and integrable,\nanother is symmetric but chaotic, and the third has a capricious form. The fact\nthat the doorway-state mechanism is valid for such highly diverse cases, proves\nthat it is robust.\n
Viability, Invariance and Reachability for Controlled Piecewise Deterministic Markov Processes Associated to Gene Networks

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We aim at characterizing viability, invariance and some reachability properties of controlled piecewise deterministic Markov processes (PDMPs). Using analytical methods from the theory of viscosity solutions, we establish criteria for viability and invariance in terms of the first order normal cone. We also investigate reachability of arbitrary open sets. The method is based on viscosity techniques and duality for some associated linearized problem. The theoretical results are applied to general On/Off systems, Cook's model for haploinssuficiency, and a stochastic model for bacteriophage lambda.
Profiling the natural settlement habitat of spiny lobster, Panulirus spp. to determine potential diets and rearing conditions in a lobster hatchery

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract. Amin M, Harlyan LI, Achmad K, Diantari R. 2022. Profiling the natural settlement habitat of spiny lobster, Panulirus spp. to determine potential diets and rearing conditions in a lobster hatchery. Biodiversitas 23: 2893-2898. The high demand for spiny lobster seeds has triggered research on seed production in a hatchery system. However, the remaining challenges are still in determining suitable live diets and environmental conditions at the early life stages. Thus, the present study investigated the natural settlement habitat of lobster larvae as basic information for developing diets and rearing conditions in an indoor system. One of the most common natural settlement habitats for lobster larvae in Indonesia, indicated by the high catching rates, Gerupuk Bay located in West-Nusa Tenggara, was selected as a studied area. Physicochemical and biological parameters were investigated to obtain the habitat profiles. The results showed that Gerupuk Bay was 18-30 m water depth, 5-6 m transparency, a sandy, and rocky bottom, 27-31oC temperature, 0.1-0.2 m.s-1 current, 5-6 mg/L dissolved oxygen, <0.01 mg/L nitrate, 0.4-0.6 mg/m3 chlorophyll concentration, and salinity of 30-34 practical salinity unit (psu). Furthermore, the present study found at least 16 zooplankton species and 25 phytoplankton species at 0-5 m water depth. The most dominant species on the surface were Echinocamptus hiemalis elongates (90 indi./L), Tortanus derjugini (20 ind./L) at 2.5 m and Oithona sp. with 46 ind./L at 5 m depth. While the most dominant phytoplankton was Oscillatoria sp. (9 ind./L) followed by Rhizosolenia sp. (4 ind./L) at 2.5 m depth, and Favella ehrenbergii (13 ind./L).
Different expression of lysosome-associated membrane protein-1 in human melanomas and benign melanocytic lesions

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Lysosome-associated membrane protein-1 is a protein with a significant content of beta1,6-branched N-glycans. It is thought that enhanced expression of lysosome-associated membrane protein-1 in tumour cells may promote invasion by influencing both adhesion to extracellular matrix and perhaps also binding to endothelial cells. The present study was aimed at examining levels of lysosome-associated membrane protein-1 in human melanomas and benign pigmented lesions to evaluate whether this protein might be considered a potential molecular marker of melanoma progression. The expression of lysosome-associated membrane protein-1 was for the first time determined immunohistochemically in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded specimens comprising 42 primary cutaneous melanomas, 15 lymph node melanoma metastases (11 correlated with primary tumours), three melanoma recurrences (correlated with both primary and metastatic melanomas), 27 nevi and four epithelial tumours (two seborrhoeic keratoses and two basal cell carcinomas). Our results demonstrate that development and progression of melanoma are associated with changes of the lysosome-associated membrane protein-1 level. The expression was strongest in melanoma recurrences and lymph node metastases, weaker in primary cutaneous melanomas and not detectable in melanocytes of pigmented nevi. Nodular melanomas expressed lysosome-associated membrane protein-1 at higher level than superficially spreading melanomas.
X-ray Absorption and Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Guided Discovery of the Cu-Catalyzed Synthesis of Multiaryl-Substituted Furans from Aryl Styrene and Ketones Using DMSO as the Oxidant

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The first example of DMSO serving not only as a solvent but also as an oxidant to promote the oxidation of Cu(I) to Cu(II) has been demonstrated. X-ray absorption and electron paramagnetic resonance evidence revealed a single-electron redox process where DMSO could oxidize Cu(I) to Cu(II). The novel discovery guided the rational design of copper-catalyzed oxidative cyclization of aryl ketones with styrenes to furans, providing a new method for the synthesis of multiaryl-substituted furans from cheap and readily available starting materials.
Two-color fluorescence detection of Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1 (PARP-1) cleavage and DNA strand breaks in etoposide-induced apoptotic cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

During apoptosis, the nuclear enzyme Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1 (PARP-1) catalyzes the rapid and transient synthesis of poly(ADP-ribose) from NAD+ and becomes inactive when cleaved by caspases. The regulation of these two opposite roles of PARP-1 is still unknown. We have recently investigated PARP-1 activation/degradation in Hep-2 cells driven to apoptosis by actinomycin D. In the present work, we have extended our analysis to the effect of the DNA damaging agent etoposide, and paid attention to the relationship between PARP-1 cleavage and DNA fragmentation. An original fluorescent procedure was developed to simultaneously identify in situ the p89 proteolytic fragment of PARP-1 (by immunolabeling) and DNA degradation (by the TUNEL assay). The presence of p89 was observed both in cells with advanced signs of apoptosis (where the PARP-1 fragment is extruded from the nucleus into the cytoplasm) and in TUNEL-negative cells, with only incipient signs of chromatin condensation; this evidence indicates that PARP-1 degradation in etoposide-treated apoptotic cells may precede DNA cleavage.
PENGARUH KUALITAS PRODUK, HARGA DAN LOKASI TERHADAP MINAT BELI ULANG(Studi Pada Konsumen Kopi Nako Summarecon Bekasi)

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The Influence of Product Quality, Price, and Location on Repurchase Intention (A Study on Consumers of Kopi Nako Summarecon Bekasi). This study aims to examine the influence of product quality, price, and location on repurchase intention among consumers of Kopi Nako Summarecon Bekasi. The background of this research is based on the increasingly intense competition in the coffee shop industry, which requires business owners to continuously improve product quality, determine appropriate pricing, and choose strategic locations in order to maintain customer loyalty. This research employs a quantitative method with a descriptive approach. Data were collected through questionnaires distributed to 126 respondents who had previously made purchases at Kopi Nako Summarecon Bekasi. Data analysis was carried out using multiple linear regression with the Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) software version 26. The results show that product quality, price, and location have a positive and significant influence on repurchase intention. Simultaneously, these three variables also have a significant and positive effect on repurchase intention. This study is expected to serve as a reference for coffee shop business owners in designing more targeted marketing strategies to enhance customer loyalty
Morning glory syndrome associated with primary open angle glaucoma: Case report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction. Morning glory syndrome (MGS) is a rare congenital optic disc anomaly, first reported in 1970. MGS is a nonprogressive and untreatable condition, which usually occurs as an isolated ocular anomaly, and can be associated with the increased incidence of nonrhegmatogenous retinal detachment, and also with strabismus, afferent pupillary defect, visual field defects, presence of hyaloids artery remnants, ciliary body cyst, congenital cataract, lid hemangioma and preretinal gliosis. Case Outline. We report a clinical case of MGS associated with primary open angle glaucoma. The use of sophisticated diagnostic tools, such as retinal tomography and visual field testing is limited if multiple eye conditions are present, since optic disc does not have ?usual? appearance that can be analyzed according to standard statistical databases. Conclusion. In treating and follow up of glaucoma cases associated with other diseases and conditions that affect the appearance and function of the optic nerve head, sometimes the use of modern technological methods is limited due to difficult interpretation of the obtained results.
New Forms of Tourism Education

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Purpose. The aim of this paper is to consider whether syllabuses of tourism related courses reflect the newest trends in scientific research, and respond to challenges posed by economic practice. Method. An attempt is made to specify research drivers evident in scientific studies, and to classify the most important issues from the perspective of economic practice. By analysing the content of internet sites, the teaching programmes and syllabuses of tourism courses offered at 11 of the largest and best Polish universities were studied. Findings. It was found that the best harmonization of didactic programmes with the thinking of leading scientific research is evident at universities offering Tourism Economy degree courses. The course syllabuses of the investigated universities best reflect the issues of communication forms with the client, the application of information technologies in business (relations with clients and B2B), and also macroeconomic issues, such as satellite accounts, the multiplier and the impact of tourism on GDP (GNP). We note, however, that many trends observable in scientific research and the many needs of business practice are not sufficiently reflected in tourism syllabuses offered by the leading universities in Poland. Research and conclusion limitations. The investigated universities represent diverse teaching profiles (geography, economics or physical education). This reflects the long-lasting traditions or specificity of individual higher education institutions. For this reason, it is understandable that individual universities make references to particular basic sciences in their teaching programmes, which results in different syllabus contents of degree programmes with identical names. We realize that gradation of the most important themes in scientific research and the most interesting issues from the perspective of economic practice cannot be fully objective. Therefore, we attempted to present the most convincing arguments to support our conclusions (examples of specific research studies, market observation and opinions of business representatives). Practical implications. The paper identifies important interest areas of tourism economic practice. These interests focus on innovation, entrepreneurship, tourism destination management and new forms of communication with the client. We show how these areas of interest are reflected in tourism teaching programmes offered by leading Polish universities. Originality. Despite intense competition among higher education institutions offering tourism related courses, so far there have been no attempts to evaluate teaching programmes from the perspective of synchronization with new trends in scientific research and the needs of economic practice. Type of paper. Illustrative review paper.
MONEY, INCOME, AND CAUSALITY: THE BANGLADESH EXPERIENCE

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper seeks to examine the causal relationship between money
and income in Bangladesh economy covering the period 1972/73 to 2007/
08. The cointegration analysis indicates a long-run relationship between
money and income. The error correction framework suggests a one-way
causation from money to income in the short-run as well as in the long-run
implying a relatively active role for money in influencing economic activities
in Bangladesh.