jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
An Adequate While-Language for Hybrid Computation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Hybrid computation combines discrete and continuous dynamics in the form of an entangled mixture inherently present both in various natural phenomena, and in applications ranging from control theory to microbiology. The emergent behaviours bear signs of both computational and physical processes, and thus present difficulties not only for analysis, but also for describing them adequately in a structural, well-founded way. Here, we introduce a language for hybrid computation, inspired by the fine-grain call-by-value paradigm, and equip it with a denotational and computationally adequate denotational semantics. Our denotational semantics crucially relies on a hybrid monad supporting an (Elgot) iteration operator, we developed elsewhere. As an intermediate step we introduce a more lightweight duration semantics furnished with analogous results and drawing on a new duration monad that we introduce as a lightweight counterpart to the hybrid monad.
PHYSICOCHEMICAL, BIOCHEMICAL, PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF MAGNESIUM

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The article is presented as part of the planned research work of the Department of Pharmacology on "Experimental Substantiation of Combined Use of Cardiotropic Drugs" (Registration No. 0111U009417).Introduction.In addition to vitamins and hormones, micro -and macroelements are necessary for the functioning of the body and normal functioning of organs and systems.In previous publications, the pharmacological properties of zinc, iron, selenium, amino acids were revealed, and their role in the functioning of the body and the development of new drugs was determined.At the same time, significant attention is currently focused on the role of magnesium, which is a key microelement in the body and is second only to potassium in terms of content.Magnesium, the twelfth element of the The article discusses the role of magnesium in the body, which is one of the main intracellular elements that plays a leading role in the activity of vital organs, participates in many cellular functions including signal transmission, energy production, protein metabolism, and acts as a molecular stabilizer for RNA and DNA ribosomes.Hypomagnesemia leads to disturbances in the cardiovascular, nervous, immune, and digestive systems.Based on magnesium, mono (magnesium sulfate, magnesium citrate, etc.) and complex preparations (MagneВ6, Maalox, ATP forte, etc.) have been created and are being created.Imbalances in magnesium content are associated with the development of cardiovascular diseases such as arterial hypertension, arrhythmias, heart failure, as well as the occurrence of neurodegenerative diseases of the CNS (parkinsonism, Alzheimer's disease, dementia), as magnesium is involved not only in nucleic acid metabolism but also in signal transmission in the CNS.Therefore, monitoring magnesium levels in the cardiovascular, nervous, and other systems may be a target for the influence of magnesium preparations.In individuals with digestive tract diseases, changes in magnesium content have also been identified in the cardiovascular system and CNS.Changes in magnesium content are associated with the occurrence of cardiovascular and digestive tract diseases in children, as well as the course of pregnancy in women.This indicates the need for further research into the properties of this trace element in normal and pathological conditions, as well as the search for new methodological approaches to determining its functional impact on the human body.Key words: magnesium, physicochemical
Older Adults With Diabetes and Osteoarthritis and Their Spouses: Effects of Activity Limitations, Marital Happiness, and Social Contacts on Partners' Daily Mood

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Using daily diary data from 28 later life couples where one spouse had diabetes and osteoarthritis, we examined crossover effects of target spouses' daily activity limitations and their partners' daily mood. On days when target spouses' daily activity limitations were higher than average, partners' positive mood decreased and negative mood increased; when target wives' limitations were higher than average, husbands' positive mood was higher. Marital happiness and frequency of telephone conversations of target spouses buffered some relations. Results advance our understanding of daily health processes within later life marriages by identifying crossover effects of activity limitations of an ill spouse with the mood of their partner and underscore the role of marital happiness and social contacts in buffering these associations.
Temperature effects on Calanus finmarchicus vary in space, time and between developmental stages

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

MEPS Marine Ecology Progress Series Contact the journal Facebook Twitter RSS Mailing List Subscribe to our mailing list via Mailchimp HomeLatest VolumeAbout the JournalEditorsTheme Sections MEPS 517:85-104 (2014) - DOI: https://doi.org/10.3354/meps11024 Temperature effects on Calanus finmarchicus vary in space, time and between developmental stages Kristina Øie Kvile1,*, Padmini Dalpadado2, Emma Orlova3,†, Nils C. Stenseth1, Leif C. Stige1 1Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, PO Box 1066 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway 2Institute of Marine Research, PO Box 1870 Nordnes, 5817 Bergen, Norway 3Knipovich Polar Research Institute of Marine Fisheries and Oceanography, Knipovich-St. 6, 183763 Murmansk, Russia *Corresponding author: k.o.kvile@ibv.uio.no†Deceased ABSTRACT: Temperature is considered one of the major factors shaping marine zooplankton distribution, abundance and phenology. During the past decades, the Barents Sea experienced strong temperature fluctuations, but previous studies have not identified a clear link between temperature and the dynamics of the key copepod species Calanus finmarchicus. We investigated associations between regional and local water temperature and C. finmarchicus abundance in Atlantic waters of the Norwegian and Barents Seas between 1959 and 1992. Results differed depending on the developmental stage, season and area, emphasising the value of detailed data series in climate effect studies. Abundances of copepodite stage CV and adult females showed no strong correlations with regional temperature indices, but were positively linked to local temperature in both spring and summer. For nauplii and young copepodite stages (CI-CIV), associations with both regional and local temperature estimates were positive in spring, but negative in summer. The results indicate that the phenology of young copepodites may be particularly responsive to climate change, which in turn may influence predators feeding on these life stages. KEY WORDS: Barents Sea · Copepod · Climate change · Generalised additive models · Norwegian Sea · Seasonality · Temperature · Zooplankton Full text in pdf format Supplementary material PreviousNextCite this article as: Kvile KØ, Dalpadado P, Orlova E, Stenseth NC, Stige LC (2014) Temperature effects on Calanus finmarchicus vary in space, time and between developmental stages. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 517:85-104. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps11024 Export citation RSS - Facebook - Tweet - linkedIn Cited by Published in MEPS Vol. 517. Online publication date: December 15, 2014 Print ISSN: 0171-8630; Online ISSN: 1616-1599 Copyright © 2014 Inter-Research.
A Note on the Beauty and Beauty Art in Hindu Epic Literature

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In this paper we inquire into the beauty and beauty art in Hindu epic literature, such as Mahabharata, Ramayana and so on. This is just a preliminary theoretical study on the theme and so the details of beauty art (makeup, ornaments, dress & etc.) which have been so far occasionally examined are not dealt with by us.We take beauty as luster of appearance and define beauty art as a technique for the increase and decrease of luster. We go on to examine the various aspects of beauty and beauty art, considering such various view-points as [1] beauty is alluring power, [2] the relation between appearance and inner qualities, [3] two types of beautification: by removal of stains and by equipment of shining elements, [4] bad nature of frail women. Especially view-point [1] is related to the religious relation between men and gods in India. In the same way, [2] corresponds to the duality of body and soul which is very important for understanding Indian culture.
Sensitized TiO2 nanocomposites through HMME linkage for photodynamic effects

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Although TiO2 can be used to effectively generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) for photodynamic application, its absorption in the ultraviolet range makes the excitation harmful to tissue. Based on the concept of a sensitized solar cell, TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) are sensitized by linking with the photosensitizer, HMME, to form HMME-TiO2 nanocomposites (NCs) for demonstrating the photodynamic effects under the illumination of white light. The HMME-TiO2 NCs of different composition ratios are prepared for maximizing the generation of ROS and optimizing the inactivation effect of KB cells. The material characteristics and the ROS generation capability of the HMME-TiO2 NCs with the optimized combination ratio show their merits in a photodynamic process under white light irradiation. The application of such NCs to KB cell experiments results in a higher inactivation efficiency when compared to pure HMME of the same concentration.
Factors Governing Selectivity of Dopamine Receptor Binding Compounds for D2R and D3R Subtypes

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Targeting the D3 dopamine receptor (D3R) is a promising pharmacotherapeutic strategy for the treatment of many disorders. The structure of the D3R is similar to the D2 dopamine receptor (D2R), especially in the transmembrane spanning regions that form the orthosteric binding site, making it difficult to identify D3R selective pharmacotherapeutic agents. Here, we examine the molecular basis for the high affinity D3R binding and D3R vs D2R binding selectivity of substituted phenylpiperazine thiopheneamides. We show that removing the thiophenearylamide portion of the ligand consistently decreases the affinity of these ligands at D3R, while not affecting their affinity at the D2R. Our long (>10 μs) molecular dynamics simulations demonstrated that both dopamine receptor subtypes adopt two major conformations that we refer to as closed or open conformations, with D3R sampling the open conformation more frequently than D2R. The binding of ligands with conjoined orthosteric-allosteric binding moieties causes the closed conformation to populate more often in the trajectories. Also, significant differences were observed in the extracellular loops (ECL) of these two receptor subtypes leading to the identification of several residues that contribute differently to the ligand binding for the two receptors that could potentially contribute to ligand binding selectivity. Our observations also suggest that the displacement of ordered water in the binding pocket of D3R contributes to the affinity of the compounds containing an allosteric binding motif. These studies provide a better understanding of how a bitopic mode of engagement can determine ligands that bind selectively to D2 and D3 dopamine receptor subtypes.
Genetic divergence in Lentil

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Fifty genotypes of lentil (Lens culnaris Medik) were evaluated under eight environments for seed yield and its associated traits. All the genotypes were grouped into seven clusters. The composition of various clusters variedfrom 2 to 12. Clustering pattern revealed the distribution of the genotypes belonging to the same origin in more than one cluster indicating non-parallism between geographic and genetic diversity. Members of cluster II and VII were highly diverse from each other as these clusters showed maximum inter-cluster distance. The entries of cluster VII showed the highest mean values for number of primary branches-1, biological yield plant-1, seed yield plant-1 and 100-seed weight. The promising genotypes for seed yield, 100-seed weight, pods plant-1, seeds pod-1 and early maturity were identified from cluster II and VII on the basis of mean values which could be utilized for hybridization programme for the development of high yielding genotypes.
Mycophagy and Spore Dispersal by a Rat-Kangaroo: Consumption of Ectomycorrhizal Taxa in Relation to their Abundance

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

1. Consumption by the Tasmanian bettong Bettongia gaimardi of fruit-bodies of ectomycorrhizal fungi associated with Eucalyptus tenuiramus was compared with the abundance of these fungi in soil protected from bettongs by exclosures. 2. Bettongs consumed all taxa (> 36 spp.) of hypogeous basidiomycetes and ascomycetes on the site, generally in direct proportion to their abundance. The genus Mesophellia and Castoreum tasmanicum were the most important taxa, in terms of both abundance on the site and contribution to the diet. Fruit-bodies of Elaphomyces spp. were abundant but rarely eaten. 3. The impact of harvesting of fruit-bodies by bettongs was substantial and resulted in greater than 50% reductions of fruit-body density of some taxa
[Sex ratio in hybrid mice CBA X C57BL].

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Sex ratio and postimplantation mortality were studied in (CBAXC57BL)F1, CBA and C57BL mouse embryos. It has been shown that female fetuses are predominant in the progeny of hybrid mice. In CBA and C57BL mice the sex distribution was 1 : 1. The disorder in the balanced sex ratio in the progeny of hybrid mice confirms a conclusion on the effect of the mouse genetic features on the sex distribution in embryos. Equal sex ratio in CBA and C57BL mice indicates the absence of selective mortality in the embryos of either sex during embryogenesis.
Nano‐sized collagen I molecules enhanced the differentiation of rat mesenchymal stem cells into cardiomyocytes

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The aim of this study was to investigate the ability of nano‐sized collagen I molecules (nanoparticles or nanofibrils) and a 5‐azacytidine (5‐aza) treatment to enhance the differentiation of rat mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) toward a cardiomyogenic phenotype in vitro . Second passaged MSCs were cocultured with nano‐sized collagen I molecules for 24 h and then treated with 10 μ M 5‐aza for 24 h. The results demonstrated that the size of the cells increased significantly and acquired a flattened, triangular‐shaped morphology after treatment with nano‐sized collagen I molecules and 5‐aza. The cells are connecting with adjoining cells by forming myotube‐like structures. Additional treatment of the MSCs with nano‐sized collagen I fibrils significantly increased two transcription factors GATA‐4 (12.6‐fold increase) and Nkx2.5 (4.8‐fold increase) expressions compared with MSC groups treated only with 5‐aza at 3‐day culturing. Furthermore, MSCs pretreated with nano‐sized collagen fibrils significantly increased the expressions of cardiac genes of troponin I, β‐myosin heavy chain, and cardiac α‐actin compared with MSC groups treated only with 5‐aza (all, p < 0.01 or better). These results indicate that culturing MSCs with nano‐sized collagen I molecules, which may act as scaffolds or soluble protein ingredients, leads to alterations in gene expression and affects the differentiation fate induced with 5‐aza. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 101A: 2808–2816, 2013.
Abstract LB-A10: ORIC-101 overcomes glucocorticoid-driven resistance to enzalutamide in castration-resistant prostate cancer

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related death in men. Androgen deprivation is commonly used to treat hormone-sensitive prostate cancer, while second-generation antiandrogens, including enzalutamide and abiraterone, benefit patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). New therapeutic strategies are needed for patients who relapse with metastatic CRPC. The glucocorticoid receptor (GR) has been implicated as a major bypass mechanism to escape androgen blockade in patients with CRPC, indicating that GR-targeted therapies may provide an avenue to overcome therapeutic resistance in this clinical setting. We discovered a novel, selective, oral GR antagonist, ORIC-101, which fully reverses GR-driven resistance to enzalutamide in a dose-dependent manner in preclinical models. Specifically, we show that GR is widely expressed in prostate cancer cell lines, organoids, and tumor tissue, and that GR levels are upregulated upon enzalutamide treatment. We demonstrate in preclinical studies that physiological levels of glucocorticoids promote tumor cell growth, stimulate androgen-regulated gene expression, and drive resistance to enzalutamide. Importantly, these effects were completely reversed by ORIC-101, suggesting ORIC-101 overcomes GR-driven resistance to enzalutamide. To inform the clinical development of ORIC-101 in combination with enzalutamide, we identified FKBP5 and KLK3 as direct transcriptional targets of both androgen receptor and GR. We subsequently validated that secreted PSA, a product of the KLK3 gene, can be induced by glucocorticoids and this induction is fully inhibited by ORIC-101. These findings confirm that targeting GR may help overcome resistance to enzalutamide in CRPC, and that FKBP5 and KLK3 are rational PD biomarkers that may be used in clinical trials of ORIC-101, along with PSA. Citation Format: Haiying Zhou, Shravani Barkund, Aleksandr Pankov, Sharvani Sinha, Dena Sutimantanapi, Lori S. Friedman, Omar Kabbarah. ORIC-101 overcomes glucocorticoid-driven resistance to enzalutamide in castration-resistant prostate cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference on Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2019 Oct 26-30; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2019;18(12 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-A10. doi:10.1158/1535-7163.TARG-19-LB-A10
An Investigation of Machine Learning Methods Applied to Structure Prediction in Condensed Matter

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Materials characterization remains a significant, time-consuming undertaking. Generally speaking, spectroscopic techniques are used in conjunction with empirical and ab-initio calculations in order to elucidate structure. These experimental and computational methods typically require significant human input and interpretation, particularly with regards to novel materials. Recently, the application of data mining and machine learning to problems in material science have shown great promise in reducing this overhead. In the work presented here, several aspects of machine learning are explored with regards to characterizing a model material, titania, using solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR). Specifically, a large dataset is generated, corresponding to NMR $^{47}$Ti spectra, using ab-initio calculations for generated TiO$_2$ structures. Principal Components Analysis (PCA) reveals that input spectra may be compressed by more than 90%, before being used for subsequent machine learning. Two key methods are used to learn the complex mapping between structural details and input NMR spectra, demonstrating excellent accuracy when presented with test sample spectra. This work compares Support Vector Regression (SVR) and Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs), as one step towards the construction of an expert system for solid state materials characterization.
Factors Associated with Poor Glycemic Control among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes in the Southeast Region of Brazil

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Brazil is an upper middle-income country with the fourth higher prevalence of diabetes and the fifth in diabetes-related health expenditure. By monitoring the factors related to glycemic control is critical to design and implement policies to reduce the morbidity and mortality of the disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the status of glycemic control and the factors associated with poor glycemic control among diabetics from the Southeast of Brazil. Methods: Data from 656 patients with diabetes attending public and private Endocrinology units were analyzed after reviewing medical records for sociodemographic, clinical and biochemical features in the northwest region of Minas Gerais, Brazil. We also investigated the factors associated with poor glycemic control among patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Results: Most patients were female with T2D, median age of 55.1 years and a median time since diabetes diagnosis of less than 5 years. Over 60% of patients had glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels over 7%. Factors associated with poor glycemic control among patients with T2D were schooling for less than 4 years, longer time since diabetes diagnosis, treatment with insulin and less frequent follow-up with endocrinologists and dietitians. Conclusion: Our findings confirm data from previous studies indicating that educational level, duration of diabetes, and less frequent follow-up by endocrinologists and dietitians may negatively affect glycemic control. It is therefore possible that health policies focusing patients with these features might favorably affect glycemic control among patients with T2D.
Atrial Resection without Cardiopulmonary Bypass for Lung Cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Results of resection of lung cancer invading left atrium (T4atrium) without cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) remain controversial. We reviewed our experience analyzing surgical results and postoperative outcomes. Methods Patients who underwent extended lung resection for T4atrium without CPB between 1998 and 2018 were retrospectively reviewed using a prospective database. Results The study included 44 patients (34 males and 10 females; median age: 63 years). Twenty-five patients underwent preoperative mediastinal staging and 27 received induction treatment (IT). Surgery included 40 (90.9%) pneumonectomies, 3 (6.8%) lobectomies, and 1 bilobectomy (2.3%). Pathological nodal status was N0 in 10 patients (22.7%), N1 in 18 (40.9%), and N2 in 16 (36.4%). Four patients receiving IT had a complete pathological response (9.1%). Eight (18.2%) patients had microscopic tumor evidence on atrial resected margins. Mortality was nil. The major complication rate was 11.4%, including one bronchopleural fistula, one cardiac herniation, and three hemothoraces, all requiring reintervention. The minor complication rate was 25.5%. After a median survival of 37 months (range: 1–144 months), 20 (45.4%) patients were alive. Five-year survival rate and disease-free interval were 39 and 45.8%, respectively. Patients with N0 and R0 disease had a best prognosis (log-rank test: p = 0.03 and p = 0.01, respectively). IT neither influenced survival nor postoperative complications. On multivariate analysis, pN0 (p = 0.04 [95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.65–9.66] and negative atrial margins (p = 0.02 [95% CI: 0.96–8.35]) were positive independent prognostic factors. Conclusions T4atrium is technically feasible without mortality and acceptable morbidity. Patients with N2 cancers should not be operated. T4atrium should not be systematically considered as a definitive contraindication to surgery.