jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Value Chain Analysis: an ECR tool for assessing business competitive advantage

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The goal of Value Chain Analysis (VCA), as a strategic tool, is to facilitate and speed up the application of Efficient Consumer Response (ECR) principles and methods. VCA methodology is applied keeping in mind the trends of a new era in the relationship between suppliers-producers-wholesalers and retailers. VCA approaches define current costs and performance, and assess the potential impact of proposed ECR improvement concepts across the entire supply chain. In this paper, the basic VCA approaches are described and compared with each other.
Design and Analysis of Self Triplexing Antenna using Quarter Mode and Eighth Mode Substrate Integrated Waveguide Cavities

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

this paper presents the design and analysis of selftriplexing antenna. The antenna uses a quarter-mode substrate-integrated waveguide (QMSIW) cavity with two eighth-mode substrate-integrated waveguides (EMSIW) to operate at three different frequencies. The radiation properties of the QMSIW antenna are studied first using a moderately lossy substrate with $\tan \delta=0.002$. The QMSIW antenna radiates at 4.76GHz with a gain of 4.13dBi. To obtain a self-triplexing antenna two EMSIW and one Q MSIW are formed by cutting $a V$-shaped slot in a half-mode substrate integrated waveguide (HMSIW). The proposed triplexing antenna radiates at three different frequencies f1 $=$ $3.97 \mathrm{GHz}, \mathrm{f} 2=4.32 \mathrm{GHz}$, and $\mathrm{f} 3=4.63 \mathrm{GHz}$. Less than a $-25 \mathrm{~dB}$ isolation exists between the ports. For every band, With more than 2.5dBi of gain, the recommended antenna is superior. It is possible to adjust the working bands of each antenna separately without interfering with the other two antennas' ability to operate.
Isolation and mass spectrometric characterization of an oxidized form of vasostatin I, an N‐terminal chromogranin A‐derived protein, from bovine chromaffin cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract An N ‐terminal proteolytic processing product of chromogranin A was obtained from bovine chromaffin granules using two steps of C 18 solid‐phase extraction and reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography. Electrospray mass spectrometry revealed a protein with a molecular mass of 8632.0 for the fraction showing immunoreactivity against the N ‐terminus of chromogranin A, which differed by 48 u from that of the N ‐terminal processing product, vasostatin I (CGA 1−76 ). Derivatization with mercaptoethanol showed that the peptide had an intact SS bridge, which is a key structural feature of vasostatin I. Peptide mapping experiments involving reduction/alkylation with vinylpyridine and trypsin digestion were consistent with oxidation of the three methionine residues of vasostatin I to their sulphoxide forms. The oxidation of the methionine residues was found to occur during the C 18 solid‐phase extraction procedure. The use of freshly prepared Tris–HCl buffer and eluents and flushing the buffer and eluents with nitrogen were shown to result in the isolation of the non‐oxidized form of vasostatin I.
Conflict Improvement Methods Based on IEEE 802.16 Mesh Networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper firstly introduces the mesh structure of IEEE802.16, explains the three-way handshaking mechanism under the mesh structure, then questions the conflict problem existing in the previous protocols, and proposes a method to improve the three-way handshaking mechanism. According to simulation results, it performs well, not only shorten end to end delay, but also increase throughput.
Materials Data on RhN by Materials Project

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

RhN is Molybdenum Carbide MAX Phase-like structured and crystallizes in the hexagonal P6_3/mmc space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Rh3+ is bonded to six equivalent N3- atoms to form a mixture of face, edge, and corner-sharing RhN6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 48°. All Rh–N bond lengths are 2.18 Å. N3- is bonded to six equivalent Rh3+ atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing NRh6 pentagonal pyramids.
Variance Bounds for Functions of Unimodal Random Variable

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

For unimodal random variable S with fixed moments E Si=mi(i=1, 2, …, n) and mode m, a formula on variance of any functions of S is provided along the line of Khintchine transform. Upper bounds are derived on the variance of European call options and Gap options. The techniques are based on symmetrization, domination by quadratic functions of two variables and change of measures.
A Research on the Botanical Composition of Kükürtlü Neighborhood (Araklı/TRABZON)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The study was carried out to determine the pasture status of Kükürtlü neighborhood in Araklı district of the city Trabzon. The plant samples of the study were collected in 2022. Lup method was used for specifying the vegetation data. A total of 53 taxa belonging to 44 genera and 24 families were identified in the study. Poaceae (6) and Fabaceae (4) are the richest families in the total number of taxa. The other families and taxa numbers are as follows; Apiaceae (1), Asparagaceae (3), Asteraceae (3), Boraginaceae (2), Brassicaceae (3), Caprifoliaceae (1), Caryophyllaceae (2), Ericaceae (1), Euphorbiaceae (1), Geraniaceae (2), Juncaceae (1), Lamiaceae (4), Plantaginaceae (2), Polygalaceae (2), Primulaceae (2), Ranunculus (1), Rosaceae (4), Rubiaceae (2), Scrophulariaceae (1), Orchidaceae (3), Urticaceae (1) and Violaceae (1). The status of the pasture was determined as "Poor" with a pasture quality degree of 2.01.
The Use of Artificial Intelligence in Advertising: The Impact of the Deepfake Application on Visual Expression in Ziraat Bank #senhepgülümse Commercial

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Televizyon, reklamların kitlelere ulaşması için önemli bir iletişim aracıdır. Teknolojik gelişmelere paralel olarak televizyon reklamlarında çeşitli yöntem ve teknikler kullanılmıştır. Bu yöntemlerden biri 2017 yılında ortaya çıkan, yapay zekâ temelli “deepfake” uygulamasıdır. Deepfake, gerçek bir kişinin yüzünün başka bir kişinin yüzüyle eşleştirilmesi esasına dayanmaktadır. Bu uygulama, ilk olarak ünlülerin sahte videolarını yayımlamak amacıyla ortaya çıkmış olsa da sonraları sosyal medyada eğlence amaçlı kullanılmaya başlamıştır. Önceleri çok yaygın olmayan bu uygulama, günümüzde akıllı cep telefonlarından çeşitli televizyon programlarına kadar birçok alanda kullanılmaya başlanmıştır. Bu alanlardan biri de reklamlardır. Araştırmanın amacı, deepfake uygulamasının televizyon reklamlarındaki görsel anlatıya olan etkisini göstermektir. Bu bağlamda, Kemal Sunal’ın oynadığı Ziraat Bankası’nın #senhepgülümse başlıklı reklamı göstergebilimsel açıdan analiz edilmiştir. Analiz sonucunda reklamda yapay zekâ kullanımının görsel anlatıya olumlu yönde katkı sağladığı seçilen reklam filmi örneğinde ortaya konulmuştur.
Color-Tuned Perovskite Films Prepared for Efficient Solar Cell Applications

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Color-tuned perovskite films have been recognized as a promising candidate for building integrated photovoltaics; bright, colorful displays; and component cells in multijunction solar cell applications. In this paper, four representative color-tuned perovskite films with chemical formula CH3NH3PbBrxI3x (x = 0, 1, 2, and 3) are successfully prepared by using a technique that combines the advantages of direct contact lead halide film with hot methylamine halide powder and intercalcation processes. The energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry results indicate that the Br/I ratio is controlled as desired. The scanning electron microscopy imaging shows very uniform films with good surface coverage on the substrate. The highest power conversion efficiency of the perovskite solar cells with the four different compositions are 12.76%, 6.84%, 4.12%, and 3.53%, respectively.
A novel design for stable self-assembly cubosome precursor-microparticles enhancing dissolution of insoluble drugs

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Cubosomes have been presented to enhance dissolution of insoluble drugs, but their applications are limited by the practical hurdles associated with both preparation and storage instability, resulting in drug delivery failure. In the present study, an innovative cubosome precursor-microparticles (CPMs) spray dried from an aqua-free precursor solution was developed to improve cubosome stability during both preparation and storage as well as to enhance the dissolution of insoluble drugs. These CPMs spontaneously self-assembled in situ forming homogeneous cubosome dispersion by hydration and disintegration after exposure to the aqueous medium. The stable cubosome dispersion was obtained from self-assembly (SA) of CPMs after administration instead of fragmentation of bulk cubic phase gel into cubosomes, which settled the preparation instability due to avoidance of high energy fragmentation (e.g. ultrasonic effect, high speed shear and high pressure homogenization). Also, the subsequent storage instability issue can be excluded as the CPMs were stored in a solid stable form. The CPMs disintegration and cubosome SA were demonstrated by the notable morphology variation and the distinct microparticle size decrease from CPMs (10-20 μm) to SA-cubosomes (150-200 nm). The cumulative release of docetaxel (DTX, model insoluble drug) incorporated in CPMs increased to 96.4% within 120 minutes compared with only 75.2% for blank CPMs and DTX physical mixture, demonstrating that CPMs significantly enhanced the dissolution extent of insoluble drug. The SA-cubosomes possessed quite high drug entrapment efficiency (>95%) and an integrated drug dissolution content, which significantly increased the drug utilization rate.
Analisis Kinerja Mesin Sterilizer (Rebusan) Menggunakan Metode Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) di PTPN V Sei Buatan

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Sterilizer (boiling) machines are important in palm oil production in the palm oil processing industry. This study analyzes the performance at PTPN V Sei Buatan using the Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) method. Observation and production data were used to calculate OEE, showing that the machine experienced significant downtime and low performance efficiency and product quality. Improvement recommendations, including routine maintenance, better maintenance scheduling, and operator training, are proposed to improve machine performance. The OEE method helps identify areas of improvement to increase operational efficiency and productivity at PTPN V Sei Buatan.
10. Kuwait

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The media in Kuwait is relatively free and includes a wide variety of viewpoints expressing disparate views in a unique competitive culture. The press in Kuwait has always been privately-owned by influential elites, allowing for wide range of opinion expression, but it has been limited to some degree by censorship and media laws. Nevertheless, the press exerts a strong influence on public opinion. Private broadcast media emerged in 2004 when the state ban was removed. Although private TV and radio stations enjoy a fair amount of freedom in Kuwait, especially when compared with other Gulf states, they are subject to government laws and regulations.
A Topological Framework for Training Latent Variable Models

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We discuss the properties of a class of latent variable models that assumes each labeled sample is associated with a set of different features, with no prior knowledge of which feature is the most relevant feature to be used. Deformable-Part Models (DPM) can be seen as good examples of such models. These models are usually considered to be expensive to train and very sensitive to the initialization. In this paper, we focus on the learning of such models by introducing a topological framework and show how it is possible to both reduce the learning complexity and produce more robust decision boundaries. We will also argue how our framework can be used for producing robust decision boundaries without exploiting the dataset bias or relying on accurate annotations. To experimentally evaluate our method and compare with previously published frameworks, we focus on the problem of image classification with object localization. In this problem, the correct location of the objects is unknown, during both training and testing stages, and is considered as a latent variable.
Eosinophilic ulcer of oral mucosa: a case report.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Eosinophilic Ulcer (EU) is a rare self-limiting chronic benign lesion of the oral mucosa with pathogenesis still unclear, however it may resemble malignancies, traumatic ulcerations and some infections such as deep fungal infections, tuberculosis and primary syphilis. This is a case report of a patient with EU in the lateral border of the tongue with no history of associated trauma and refractory to treatment with drugs. The ulcer rapidly healed after an incisional biopsy and the definite diagnosis was achieved only combining histologic findings and the clinical follow-up.
A STUDY OF THE IMPACT OF DEBATE ON DIVERGENT THINKING AMONG STUDENT TEACHERS OF COLLEGES OF EDUCATION.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Active teaching strategies like Debates can teach students to research a topic thoroughly, analyze the information critically and construct knowledge from it.It also enables them to examine different perspectives to an issue,take a stand and find ways of defending it.While presenting their arguments before an audience,they do it logically with clarity and confidence and improve their communication skills. With these multi fold benefits if debate is used as a strategy of teaching it transforms their roles as learners, so instead of passively receiving they construct their own knowledge. Divergent thinking is essential for creativity and imagination and helps individuals address situations and problems through innovative perspectives and possibilities. A question arose in the researcher's mind, will the accelerated thinking ignited by an active strategy like academic debate in classroom teaching, impact Divergent Thinking of students? An experimental study was carried out where a module of debate was used to teach topics of the course Educational Management in the one-year B.Ed. course and the researcher made tool on Divergent Thinking was administered to the students. The pre-test and post test scores were compared to see if the debates had an impact on Divergent Thinking of the students' teachers.The post test of the experimental group showed an increase in the scores of Divergent Thinking.The researcher desires to motivate through the finding of this study faculty of B.Ed.and other higher education courses to use debate as a strategy and focus on increasing the Divergent Thinking,as in a dynamic world with ever new challenges coming up it will enable the young generation to improve the quality of their decision making.
Water dispersible plant sterol formulation shows improved lipid lowering efficacy compared to plant sterol esters

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Reduced bioavailability in some formulations of phytosterols accounts for the variable results observed in LDL- C- lowering efficacy among trials. This study examined the effects of a water-dispersible formulation of free phytosterols (WD-PS) versus phytosterol esters (PS-esters) on plasma lipid and fat soluble vitamins concentrations in hypercholesterolemic individuals. Using a double-blind, randomized, crossover study, 47 hypercholesterolemics were provided for 4 wk: WD-PS-enriched yogurt (2g/d), PS-esters-enriched yogurt (2g/d), or yogurt alone (placebo), in a random order. Each study phase was separated by 4 wk washout intervals. Supplementation of WD-PS or PS-esters similarly decreased serum TC (7.7% and 6.3%, respectively) and LDL-C levels (11.7% and 11.6%, respectively, p<0.001). The ratio of TC/ HDL-C decreased for WD-PS (10.6%, p<0.05) but not for PS-esters. Moreover, WD-PS reduced serum TG (13.9%, p<0.05) as compared to PS-esters (0.6%). The results of the current study confirm the importance of the formulation of phytosterols in their bioavailability and efficacy.
Method for pedestrian detection using ground plane constraint based on vision sensor

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Challenging problems pertaining to pedestrian detection still exist in Advanced Drive Assistance Systems. This paper presents a novel method to reduce erroneous pedestrian detection by moving vehicles. The algorithm utilizes camera parameters to calculate the distances between the moving vehicle and objects, and then builds ground plane constraints to detect real pedestrians. The proposed method not only reduces the number of false positives but also determines the distance of objects relative to the moving vehicle.
Research progress on the association between TMAO and vascular calcification in patients with chronic kidney disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Vascular calcification (VC) is a common complication in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and a major risk factor for increased cardiovascular mortality in patients with CKD. Its pathology and pathogenesis are complex and have not been fully elucidated. Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is an enteric-borne uremic toxin that has been found to play a role in the progression of VC. This article mainly reviews the metabolism of TMAO, the relationship between TMAO and VC in CKD patients, and possible treatments for TMAO, aiming to further explore the mechanism of VC occurrence in CKD patients and provide potential diagnostic and treatment strategies.
Synthesis of desethanoqinghaosu, a novel analogue of the antimalarial qinghaosu

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Desethanoqinghaosu, a novel potential antimalarial qinghaosu analogue containing the unique C–O–O–C–O–C–O–CO (or cyclic peroxide lactone) moiety present in the natural product, has been synthesized from R-(+)-citronellal and its structure and stereochemistry have been verified from spectral data and a single-crystal X-ray analysis.
Observing System Evaluation Based on Ocean Data Assimilation and Prediction Systems: On-Going Challenges and a Future Vision for Designing and Supporting Ocean Observational Networks

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

This paper summarizes recent efforts on Observing System Evaluation (OS-Eval) by the Ocean Data Assimilation and Prediction (ODAP) communities such as GODAE OceanView and CLIVAR-GSOP. It provides some examples of existing OS-Eval methodologies, and attempts to discuss the potential and limitation of the existing approaches. Observing System Experiment (OSE) studies illustrate the impacts of the severe decrease in the number of TAO buoys during 2012-2014 and TRITON buoys since 2013 on ODAP system performance. Multi-system evaluation of the impacts of assimilating satellite sea surface salinity data based on OSEs has been performed to demonstrate the need to continue and enhance satellite salinity missions. Impacts of underwater gliders have been assessed using Observing System Simulation Experiments (OSSEs) to provide guidance on the effective coordination of the western North Atlantic observing system elements. OSSEs are also being performed under H2020 AtlantOS project with the goal to enhance and optimize the Atlantic in-situ networks. Potential of future satellite missions of wide-swath altimetry and surface ocean currents monitoring is explored through OSSEs and evaluation of Degrees of Freedomfor Signal (DFS). Forecast Sensitivity Observation Impacts (FSOI) are routinely evaluated for monitoring the ocean observation impacts in the US Navy's ODAP system. Perspectives on the extension of OS-Eval to coastal regions, the deep ocean, polar regions, coupled data assimilation, and biogeochemical applications are also presented. Based on the examples above, we identify the limitations of OS-Eval, indicating that the most significant limitation is reduction of robustness and reliability of the results due to their system-dependency. The difficulty of performing evaluation in near real time is also critical. A strategy to mitigate the limitation and to strengthen the impact of evaluations is discussed. In particular, we emphasize the importance of collaboration within the ODAP community for multi-system evaluation and of communication with ocean observational communities on the design of OS-Eval, required resources, and effective distribution of the results. Finally, we recommend further developing OS-Eval activities at international level with the support of the international ODAP (e.g., OceanPredict and CLIVAR-GSOP) and observational communities.\n
Regulatory T cells and bioenergetics of peripheral blood mononuclear cells linked to pediatric obesity

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Obesity-associated inflammation drives the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. We sought to identify associations of circulating regulatory T cells (Treg) with the degree of obesity (eg, body mass index Z -score [BMIz]), insulin resistance (homeostatic model of insulin resistance [HOMA-IR]), and glycemic control (HbA1c) in children and adolescents. We further sought to examine associations among bioenergetics of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and CD4 T cells and BMIz, HOMA-IR, and HbA1c. Methods: A total of 65 children and adolescents between the ages 5 and 17 years were studied. HbA1c and fasting levels of plasma glucose and insulin were measured. We quantified circulating Tregs (CD3 + CD4 + CD25 + CD127 - FoxP3 + ) by flow cytometry, and measured mitochondrial respiration (oxygen consumption rate [OCR]) and glycolysis (extracellular acidification rate [ECAR]) in PBMCs and isolated CD4 T cells by Seahorse extracellular flux analysis. Results: Tregs (% CD4) are negatively associated with BMIz but positively associated with HOMA-IR. In PBMCs, OCR/ECAR (a ratio of mitochondrial respiration to glycolysis) is positively associated with BMIz but negatively associated with HbA1c. Conclusions: In children, Tregs decrease as body mass index increases; however, the metabolic stress and inflammation associated with insulin resistance may induce a compensatory increase in Tregs. The degree of obesity is also associated with a shift away from glycolysis in PBMCs but as HbA1c declines, metabolism shifts back toward glycolysis. Comprehensive metabolic assessment of the immune system is needed to better understand the implications immune cell metabolic alterations in the progression from a healthy insulin-sensitive state toward glucose intolerance in children. Trial registration: This observational study was registered at the ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03960333, https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT03960333?term=NCT03960333&rank=1).