jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Impact of Delay Announcements in Call Centers: An Empirical Approach

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

We undertake an empirical study of the impact of delay announcements on callers’ abandonment behavior and the performance of a call center with two priority classes. A Cox regression analysis reveals that in this call center, callers’ abandonment behavior is affected by the announcement messages heard. To account for this, we formulate a structural estimation model of callers’ (endogenous) abandonment decisions. In this model, callers are forward-looking utility maximizers and make their abandonment decisions by solving an optimal stopping problem. Each caller receives a reward from service and incurs a linear cost of waiting. The reward and per-period waiting cost constitute the structural parameters that we estimate from the data of callers’ abandonment decisions as well as the announcement messages heard. The call center performance is modeled by a Markovian approximation. The main methodological contribution is the definition of an equilibrium in steady state as one where callers’ expectation of their waiting time, which affects their (rational) abandonment behavior, matches their actual waiting time in the call center, as well as the characterization of such an equilibrium as the solution of a set of nonlinear equations. A counterfactual analysis shows that callers react to longer delay announcements by abandoning earlier, that less patient callers as characterized by their reward and cost parameters react more to delay announcements, and that congestion in the call center at the time of the call affects caller reactions to delay announcements.
Construction of cDNA Library from the Peripheral Blood Leucocytes in Cervus eldi hainanaus

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Objective:A cDNA library from the peripheral blood leucocytes in Cervus eldi hainanus was constructed.Method:Total RNA was extracted from the peripheral blood leucocytes and the long-distance PCR(LD-PCR) method was used to amplify double-strand cDNA based on the SMART(Switching Mechanism at 5'end of RNA Transcript) techniques for construction of a full-length cDNA library.The PCR products were digested by proteinase K.After digestion with SfiⅠ and size fractionation using CHROMA SPIN-400TM columns,cDNAs(500bp) were ligated to the SfiⅠ digested,dephosphorylated pDNR-LIB vector.The ligation mixture was transformed into E.coli DH5α.Then,the library was amplified,and clones were picked randomly from the library for screening size of cDNA inserts through enzyme digestion.Result:By electroporation,the primary constructed cDNA library contained 1.9×106 independent clones.The titer of the cDNA library was estimated as 1.59×1010cfu/mL,with the percentage of recombinant clones almost 100%,and that of the amplified library was 7.4×1012cfu /mL.The inserts varied from 0.5 to 2.0kb with average size was about 1 000bp.Conclusion:The Cervus eldi hainanaus cDNA library meets the requirement of a standard cDNA library.It could lay a strong basis for subsequent work of clone and selection of some kinds of fine functional genes.
Translational Research in Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition Support for Patients with Severe Head Injury

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Objective: To explore the key points of the translational research in enteral and pareenteral nutrition support for patients with severe head injury (SHI), and to analyze the influence of different nutritional support routes on the prognosis of SHI patients. Methods: Totally 141 patients with severe craniocerebral injury were selected as study subjects, 47 cases for each group, and were given early enteral nutrition (EEN), delayed enteral nutrition (DEN), and parenteral nutrition (PN), respectively. The effect of different nutritional support routes on SHI patients was observed. Results: After 14 d of treatment, Glasgow coma scale (GCS) scores of 3 groups were higher than treatment before (P&lt;0.01), and with statistical differences among groups (P&lt;0.05, or P&lt;0.01). The levels of serum albumin, total serum protein and hemoglobin were higher in EEN group than the other groups (P&lt;0.01). The level of serum albumin was lower in PN group than in DEN group (P&lt;0.05). There were statistical differences in the incidence of complications among three groups (χ2=9.2487, P=0.0098). Conclusion: EEN support is more conductive to the improvement of the nutrition status, reduction of the incidence of complications, and promotion of the prognosis of SHI patients than DEN and PN.
Production of Microbial Rennin in a Continuous System Fermenter and Modelling of the Activity

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this work microbial production of rennin, a milk clotting enzyme, from a commericial strain of Mucor miehei (NRRL 3420, USDA) has been investigated in a continuous fermenter. The spherical biofilm type growth of the culture has been accomplished in the fermenter and the effects of operational parameters; medium pH, mixing rate (K.H.), dilution rate (D) and feed D-glucose concentration (S_{gf) on milk clotting activity (S.P.A.) have been elaborated. For a fermenter sample containing 1.24 IU/mL S.P.A., optimum production parameters at 37 °C have been determined as K.H.=400 rpm, D=0.125 day^{-1 and S_{gf=7.5 g/L without pH control. Under these conditions, the fermenter operated 575 hours continuously producing 10230 IU S.P.A. in total. In the fermenter sample, R factor and specific S.P.A. were deteremined as 1.55x10^{-3 S.P.A/P.A. and 5.28 IU/mg protein, respectively, denoting competitive activity of a commercial rennet after concentration. In model simulation studies of the results, maximum S.P.A. obtained has been succesfully represented with a multiple-linear function expressed in terms of fermentation medium pH, D-glucose and dissolved oxygen concentrations and dilution rate. Model simulations also showed that enzyme production rate was solely controlled by fermentation medium characteristics rather than operational fermenter parameters.
HYPOTHETICAL-DEDUCTIVE METHOD TO DESCRIBE METONYMY IN THE SPHERE OF VERBS OF SPEAKING

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The article provides a survey of the existing approaches to understanding metonymy through the prism of cognitive linguistics. Special attention is paid to studying metonymy as a cognitive-semantic mechanism, as a principle of nonrandom relation and as a basis of translation strategy. The author proposes an approach based on a hypothetical-deductive method, semantic and corpus-based experiments. Relying on experiment results, the researcher clarifies the semantics of certain verbs of speaking and introduces a classification of metonymic transfers in the sphere of the predicates representing a speech act.
VESTIBULAR DISEASE, AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO FACIAL PARALYSIS IN THE HORSE: A CLINICAL STUDY OF 7 CASES

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

SUMMARY: The signs observed in 6 cases of peripheral vestibular disease included incoordination, head tilt and nystagmus. The intensity of the signs varied greatly with duration of the disease, and in 3 cases facial paralysis was also present. Tympanosclerosis was demonstrable in all cases subjected to radiology. Trauma was the causative factor in most cases. The causes of, and relationships between, vestibular dysfunction and concomitant facial paralysis are discussed. The exact etiology of the tympanosclerosis is unknown.
Spectral diffusion of the exciton transition in a single self-organized quantum dot

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We report on reversible spectral shifts in the emission spectra of self-organized CdSe single quantum dots on a time scale of seconds. Energy shifts of up to 3.5 meV have been observed and can be attributed to the Stark effect caused by fluctuating local electric fields. Most surprisingly, the energy shift turns out to be quasi-periodic with time constants between 70 and 190 s.
Rydberg States with Quantum Monte Carlo

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Calculations on Rydberg states are performed using quantum Monte Carlo methods. Excitation energies and singlet-triplet splittings are calculated for the carbon atom. Wave functions constructed from open-shell localized Hartree-Fock orbitals are used as trial and guide functions. The fixed-node diffusion quantum Monte Carlo (FN-DMC) method depends strongly on the wave function's nodal hypersurface. The nodal regions confined by antisymmetry, excitation, and spurious nodes are investigated for selected cases. Their effect on the FN-DMC calculations is analyzed and a novel approach for excited states calculations with FN-DMC is proposed.
The design of DSP components for the CD digital audio system using silicon compilation techniques

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The PIRAMID silicon compiler, which incorporates architecture synthesis, module generation, and floorplanning tools, is described. Design efficiency is evaluated by the design of an error corrector for a compact-disk digital audio system. A syndrome generator chip was found functionally correct and showed acceptable performance. The silicon compilation method has proved to be sufficiently mature to approach industrial constraints. Using a complete silicon compilation design system like PIRAMID, a system designer can iterate many different architecture solutions within a man-week. A flexible module library and gridless layout strategy give area efficient solutions
Coordinated Response to Imported Vaccine-Derived Poliovirus Infection, Barcelona, Spain, 2019–2020

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In 2019, the Public Health Agency of Barcelona, Spain, was notified of a vaccine-derived poliovirus infection. The patient had an underlying common variable immunodeficiency and no signs of acute flaccid paralysis. We describe the ongoing coordinated response to contain the infection, which included compassionate-use treatment with pocapavir.
Effect of oral contraceptives on sebum excretion rate.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Oral contraceptives containing a high dose of oestrogen reduce the sebum excretion rate (SER) and improve acne vulgaris, but more progestogenic preparations may exacerbate acne. The effect on the SER of several oral contraceptives with varying progestogenic potencies was studied in 81 women. The predominantly progestogenic pills (Eugynon 30, Gynovlar) produced no significant change in SER, whereas the rate in women taking a more oestrogenic pill (Minovlar) was significantly reduced compared with the rate in controls. Progestogens therefore do not exacerbate acne by inducing seborrhoea, but in the doses we studied they nullified the inhibitory effect of oestrogens on the sebaceous glands. Acne-prone women who require an oral contraceptive should be given a predominantly oestrogenic preparation.
NEUROLOGICAL REVIEW Progress in Periventricular Leukomalacia

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

P eriventricular leukomalacia (PVL) is the predominant form of brain injury and the lead-ing known cause of cerebral palsy and cognitive deficits in premature infants. The num-ber of low-birth-weight infants who survive to demonstrate these neurologic deficts isincreasing.Magnetic resonance imaging–based neuroimaging techniques provide greater diagnostic sensitivity for PVL than does head ultrasonography and often document the involve-ment of telencephalic gray matter and long tracts in addition to periventricular white matter. The neuropathologic hallmarks of PVL are microglial activation and focal and diffuse periventricular depletion of premyelinating oligodendroglia. Premyelinating oligodendroglia are highly vulner-able to death caused by glutamate, free radicals, and proinflammatory cytokines. Studies in animal models of PVL suggest that pharmacologic interventions that target these toxic molecules will be useful in diminishing the severity of PVL. Arch Neurol. 2008;65(10):1291-1295 Ischemic and inflammatory injuries to the developing brain can lead to devastating neurologic consequences. The pattern of perinatal brain injury is highly age-dependent. In term infants, such injuries predominantly affect neurons in the ce-rebral cortex, yieldingwatershed or stroke-
Molecular Mechanisms of AKI in the Elderly: From Animal Models to Therapeutic Intervention

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Acute kidney injury (AKI), a critical syndrome characterized by a sudden reduction of renal function, is a common disorder among elderly patients particularly in Intensive Care Unit (ICU). AKI is closely associated with both short- and long-term mortality and length of hospital stay and is considered a predictor of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Specific hemodynamic, metabolic, and molecular changes lead to increased susceptibility to injury in the aged kidney; therefore, certain causes of AKI such as the prerenal reduction in renal perfusion or vascular obstructive conditions are more common in the elderly; moreover, AKI is often multifactorial and iatrogenic. Older patients present several comorbidities (diabetes, hypertension, heart failure) and are exposed to multiple medical interventions such as the use of nephrotoxic contrasts media and medications, which can also trigger AKI. Considering the emerging relevance of this condition, prevention and treatment of AKI in the elderly should be crucial in the internist and emergency setting. This review article summarizes the incidence, the risk factors, the pathophysiology, the molecular mechanisms and the strategies of prevention and treatment of AKI in elderly patients.
Pneumocystis carinii Pneumonia in a 15-Year-Old with Chronic Mucocutaneous Candidiasis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A 15-y-old male patient with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (CMCC) and new onset adrenal insufficiency developed Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP). The literature on infectious complications of CMCC is reviewed and clinical and laboratory characteristics of the only previously described case of PCP in CMCC are compared with those of the patient reported here.
Diagnostic implications of the B-mitten EEG pattern: relationship to primary and secondary affective dysregulation.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Previous studies indicate that the B-Mitten EEG pattern is specific to psychiatric dysfunction and rarely encountered among normal control subjects. Our previous investigations have demonstrated a significant relationship between mittens and reactive as opposed to process schizophrenic disease. Re-analyses of mitten incidence in schizophrenics and nonschizophrenics suggests needed modification of our earlier B-Mitten-schizophrenia formulation. Present considerations indicate that the B-Mitten-reactive schizophrenia association is not primary but rather that the differential process-reactive schizophrenia mitten incidence may be a secondary epiphenomenon reflecting a more fundamental underlying process. Analyses are presented suggesting that the mitten dysrhythmia relates positively to dysphoric affective dysregulation in a manner which cuts across broad diagnostic boundaries. That the mitten pattern possibly suggests as yet unclarified subcortical dysfunction associated with symptoms of affective disturbance is a tentative hypothesis offered for consideration.
Rett's syndrome with Lennox-Gastaut pattern.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Three Latin American female patients studied in two different centers (Mexico City and Houston, Texas) had the clinical criteria of Rett's Syndrome, including progressive intellectual deterioration, stereotyped movements, loss of purposeful hand use, ataxia, and progressive disability. The three patients had normal laboratory studies including imaging studies (CT and MRI) but consistently abnormal EEGs with Lennox-Gastaut pattern. The usefulness of the EEG in the differential diagnosis and the association of this electrographic phenomenon are stressed.
The vibrational spectra and structure of the Bis(hexamethylenetetramine)iodine(I) cation

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The crystalline compound reported in the literature as the 1 : 1 addition complex of hexamethylenetetramine (hx) with iodine is shown by means of i.r. and Raman spectroscopy to be an ionic compound consisting of bis(hexamethyl-enetetramine)iodine(I) ions, (hx)2I+, and I3- ions. A crystalline compound consisting of molecules of the true 1 : 1 addition complex (hx)I2 does exist, however, and its preparation is described. On standing, this compound undergoes an unusual solid state transformation, resulting in the formation of the ionic complex. The (hx)2I+ ion is the first documented example of a bis(amine)halogen(I) ion involving an amine other than pyridine or its derivatives. A structure for this ion is proposed in which the hexamethylenetetramine molecules are bound to the iodine atom through one of their nitrogen atoms, the resulting N...I...N arrangement being linear, centrosymmetric, and lying along the threefold axis passing through the coordinated nitrogen atom of each hexamethylenetetramine molecule. The evidence for this structure obtainable from the vibrational spectra of the ion is discussed. A preliminary investigation of the valence force field indicates unusually strong nitrogen-iodine bonding in this ion. The literature method for preparing bis-(pyridine)halogen(I) perchlorates has been modified and used to prepare the perchlorate of bis(hexamethylenetetramine)iodine(I).
Impact of Distributed Energy Resources on Frequency Regulation of the Bulk Power System

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

The growing penetration of distributed energy resources (DERs) has increased the complexity of the power system due to their intermittent characteristics and lower inertial response, such as photovoltaic (PV) systems and wind turbines. This restructuring of the power system has a considerable effect on the transient response of the system resulting in inter-area oscillations, less synchronized coupling and power swings. Furthermore, the concept of being distributed itself and generating electricity from multiple locations in the power system makes the transient impact of DERs even worse by raising issues such as reverse power flows. This paper studies some impacts of the changing nature of power system which are limiting the large scale integration of DERs. In addition, a solution to increase the inertial response of the system is addressed by adding virtual inertia to the inverter based DERs in the power system. The proposed control results in increasing the stability margin and tracking the rated frequency of the system. The injected synchronized active power to the system will prevent the protection relays from tripping by improving the rate of change of frequency. The proposed system operation is implemented on a sample power grid comprising of generation, transmission and distribution and results are verified experimentally through the Opal-RT real-time simulation system.
Diabetes mellitus and obesity

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This chapter explores the extent and interplay of diabetes mellitus and obesity, which are the most common disturbances of intermediary metabolism. It discusses the pathophysiology and management of both diabetes and obesity. Diabetes refers to the loose control of blood glucose levels due to a reduction in the effects of the hormone insulin, while obesity refers to the metabolic disturbance in which the mechanisms controlling energy balance are disordered. The chapter then details the control of blood glucose levels and the regulation of energy balance. It provides an overview of the management and drug treatment of obesity and diabetes mellitus.
A Comparative Study of Sequential Hydrogen-methane and Independent Methane Production from Kitchen Wastes

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Analysis of sequential hydrogen-methane and independent methane production were carried out in this study to investigate the optimal bio-energy production from kitchen wastes. The study indicated that production of hydrogen and the sequential methane achieved 75.0 and 287.4 mL/gVS, respectively, during the sequential hydrogen-methane process. Specifically, the sequential methane increased by 34.0% compared to independent methane production. Additionally, the measured concentration of total organic acids increased to 13,599.8 mg/L at the end of hydrogen fermentation, then decreased to 4,284.9 mg/L at the end of the sequential methane process. The major acid component was butyric acid in the sequential methane process as opposed to acetic acid in an independent process. Remarkably, it was found that the major component of extracellular polymeric substances in hydrogen producing sludge was exopolysaccharide, while in both methane producing processes it was exoprotein. The maximum measured concentration of exoprotein and exopolysaccharide reached to 84.3, 36.3 mg/gVS and 63.4, 30.4 mg/gVS, while DNA increased throughout the stages of the two methane processes. These findings may represent a feasible method for high energy achievement from kitchen wastes.
A STUDY ON THE EFFECTIVE POWER SYSTEM RESTORATION SCHEMES FOR LARGE-SCALE BLACKOUTS IN SYNCHRONOUS ZONES

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Blackout is a total power failure over a large area, usually caused by the failure of major generating equipment or transmission facilities. Engineering faults, ineffective communication, inability of system operators, operational problems in power system—generation reserve capacity, protection devices, frequency and voltage stabilizers—overloaded transmission lines and transformers, natural disasters, system operation in security limits, instability of supply-demand, and shortages in power investments can constitute these failures. Major blackouts of electric power systems in which many customers are left without power are rare events. However, the effects of blackouts, for instance, can be catastrophic for security of energy supply. Security of electrical energy supply must be provided by countries for sustainable and successful competition in global perspective and ensuring their citizens ’ prosperity. Blackouts can cause not only economic disturbances but also social, security disturbances as well as death. Major factors, sequence of events, and lessons learned from blackouts have been reported in the literature since the first blackout which occurred in 1965, North America. However, these reports are expressly studied on one or more countries in the same area, or more than one