jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Prenatal Exposure to Persistent Organochlorines and Childhood Obesity in the U.S. Collaborative Perinatal Project

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: In some previous studies, prenatal exposure to persistent organochlorines such as 1,1,-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene (p,p´-DDE), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and hexachlorobenzene (HCB) has been associated with higher body mass index (BMI) in children.oBjective: Our goal was to evaluate the association of maternal serum levels of β-hexachlorocyclohexane (β-HCH), p,p´-DDE, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (p,p´-DDT), dieldrin, heptachlor epoxide, HCB, trans-nonachlor, oxychlordane, and PCBs with offspring obesity during childhood.Methods: The analysis was based on a subsample of 1,915 children followed until 7 years of age as part of the U.S. Collaborative Perinatal Project (CPP).The CPP enrolled pregnant women in 1959-1965; exposure levels were measured in third-trimester maternal serum that was collected before these organochlorines were banned in the United States.Childhood overweight and obesity were defined using age-and sex-specific cut points for BMI as recommended by the International Obesity Task Force.results: Adjusted results did not show clear evidence for an association between organochlorine exposure and obesity; however, a suggestive finding emerged for dieldrin.Compared with those in the lowest quintile (dieldrin, < 0.57 μg/L), odds of obesity were 3.6 (95% CI: 1.3, 10.5) for the fourth and 2.3 (95% CI: 0.8, 7.1) for the highest quintile.Overweight and BMI were unrelated to organochlorine exposure.conclusions: In this population with relatively high levels of exposure to organochlorines, no clear associations with obesity or BMI emerged.
Bullying Experiment based on The Doers’ Perspective, Victim and Eye Witness on The Junior High School Student

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The Bullying Phenomena of 40 countries showed that Indonesia is ranked as the world's second highest state for bullying cases. The aim of this study is to provide an overview of Bullying Experience in Perspective Actors, Victims and Witnesses of The Junior Student "X" Batu City. The design and approach is Descriptive Qualitative and Case Study, it conducted in-depth semi-structured interviews to 11 participants consisting of students perpetrators, witnesses and victims of bullying. Data validation against other sources, those are the School Counseling unit and also Students`Family. In completing the data collection was also carried out observation and study documentation. Data collected was analyzed by using the Thematic Analysis, and the results are summarized into five themes, namely: (1) The Bullying Actorshave Academic Problems (2) Poor Social and Economic Background of Family of The Bullying Actors, (3) The Bullying action was Generally Conducted by Senior Students while the Victims were Junior, (4) The overall Bullying Actors are Male Students while the Victims are Female, (5) Activities included within Bullying are Physical, verbal and sexual harassment. It is also interesting to note that from all victims, factors and also the witness of bullying considered that bullying is something that should be avoided.
Omani-Saudi-Emirati tensions may rise in the Gulf

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Significance Former territorial tensions between Muscat and its Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) neighbours have receded in recent decades, allowing smoother cross-border links. However, the boycott of Qatar, escalating tensions over Iran and developments in Yemen’s border province of Mahra are now straining Oman’s relations with both Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Impacts The gap between Saudi Arabia and the UAE and the rest of the GCC could widen, contributing to the regional body’s potential demise. Oman’s role as a mediator in regional disputes -- for example, Yemen -- may be undermined by rising tensions. Unlike in the case of Qatar, new quarrels within the GCC are likely to be kept relatively quiet by the respective leaderships.
Brief and Ultra-Brief Suicide-Specific Interventions

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The rising rates of suicide warrant effective treatments that can quickly help stabilize suicidal individuals and prevent future suicidal crises from occurring. Across the past few decades, there has been a rise in the development of ultra-brief (1-4 sessions) and brief suicide-specific interventions (6-12 sessions) to meet this need. This article reviews several prominent ultra-brief and brief interventions, including the Teachable Moment Brief Intervention, Attempted Suicide Short Intervention Program, Safety Planning Intervention, Crisis Response Planning, Cognitive Therapy for Suicide Prevention, Brief Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Suicide Prevention, Collaborative Assessment and Management of Suicidality, and the Coping Long-Term With Active Suicide Program. A brief review of each interventions' evidence base is also provided. Current challenges and directions for future research in testing the efficacy and effectiveness of suicide prevention initiatives are discussed.
Cell physiological studies on resistance of potato plants to Phytophthora infestans.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In the previous paper, it was shown by means of vital staining that the majority of the intracellular hyphae of Phytophthora infestans in cells of a resistant potato variety were still living at an early stage of necrosis of host cell. The present experiments have been carried out, in order to ascertain, furthermore, whether the growth of intracellular hyphae is inhibited or not, before the hyper-sensitive death of host cell. A petiole of potato leaf was cut longitudinally with a razor, and washed with strearning water in order to eliminate the contents of destroyed cells. The cut surface of the petioles, almost all the cells of which were living, was inoculated with P. infestans. Four and 6 hours after inoculation, microscopical sections of the inoculated materials were prepared and fixed with Bouin or Formalin-acetic-alcohol, and then the length of intracellular hyphae was measured with a micrometer. As the hypersensitive death of the host cells, caused by infection with the incompatible race of P. infestans, occurs about 10-15 hours after inoculation, the values thus obtained may indicate the growth rate of the fungus in living cells. In the materials used in the present experiments, penetration took place about 2-2.5 hours after inoculation. The varieties tested were Irish Cobbler (r), Hokdai No. 10 (R1), Hokkai No. 17 (R4), 48005-46 (R4) and 41089-8 (R1R4). These varieties were inoculated with compatible or incompatible races of P. infestans: race 0, race 1, race 4 and race 1, 4. The results obtained are as follows. The differences in the growth rate of the hyphae in the living cells is statistically highly significant between races, but not between varieties. The interaction between varieties and races is not statistically significant. From these results, it may be concluded that, even when the host plant cells show resistance to infection by P. infestans owing to presence of resistant genes R1 and R4, the growth of intracellular hyphae of the pathogen is not inhibited, at least, within about 4 hours after penetration. From the accumulated knowledge in this respect, it seems that the most evident cytological phenomenon having close connection with late blight resistance is the time elapsed from penetration of the fungus to the hyper-sensitive death of a host cell.
Doc APProvED

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

prescriptions, apps: prescriptions, appsFigureThe list of burdens carried by emergency physicians is unending. And that's not to mention our responsibility (or at least our desire) to make sure our patients can afford the medications we prescribe. Noncompliance and paucity of funds can transform into medical complications and lawsuits—26 percent of Americans don't fill their prescriptions because they can't afford them. (Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation. May 2, 2010; http://bit.ly/2H7OqNu.) Ideally, EMRs, knowing the patient's insurance and formularies, should provide this feedback automatically. If you don't wish to wait another two decades for EMRs to evolve from their current primitive states into truly supportive clinical aids, however, you can use GoodRx. A free mobile app available on iOS and Android, GoodRx provides current prices for medications in thousands of pharmacies across the United States, including a “cash price” (price without insurance) and a “coupon price” (price with GoodRx's free coupons). When you use the app for the first time, you will find that some generic drugs have a variance of more than 500 percent between different neighborhood pharmacies. The app will show you the exact price at nearby pharmacies and how far each of them is from you. GoodRx will also allow you to search for prescriptions by condition, and you can see the cheapest medication options for conditions such as cellulitis or UTI easily. The app also has an easy-to-use pill identification section. GoodRx is one of those tools you'll find yourself using multiple times per shift, especially when a patient without insurance asks you what your medication plan is going to cost him. Share this article on Twitter and Facebook. Access the links in EMN by reading this on our website or in our free iPad app, both available at www.EM-News.com. Comments? Write to us at [email protected].
The impact of Universal Health Coverage on healthcare consumption and risky behaviours: evidence from Thailand

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Thailand is among one of the first non OECD countries to have successfully introduced a form of Universal Health Coverage (UHC) in 2002. This policy defines a natural experiment for the evaluation of the effects of public health insurance on health behaviours. In the present paper, we look at the impact of the Thai UHC on preventive activities, risky behaviours and healthcare consumption using data from the 1996, 2001 and 2003 Health and Welfare Survey of Thailand. We use double robust estimators combining propensity scores and linear regressions to estimate Difference-in-Differences (DD) and Difference in DD (DDD) models. Results offer important insights. First, previously uninsured men and women increased their preventive activities (check-ups) more than any other groups. At the same time, there is no evidence of either an increase in risky behaviours or a reduction of preventive efforts by the newly insured population. In other words, we find no evidence of ex ante moral hazard. Regarding healthcare consumption, we see that hospital admissions increased by 2% and outpatient visits increased by 13% due to the UHC. Overall, these findings imply positive health impacts among the Thai population who entered in the UHC.
Atrial Flutter: up‐to‐date Problem Evaluation with Clinical Positions

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The review provides current ideas about the etiology and prevalence of atrial flutter (AF), mechanism and substrate of arrhythmogenesis, and principles of clinical and electrophysiological classification of this arrhythmia. Methods for conservative and surgical treatments of AF, including their comparative aspect, are described in detail. The review presented recent data on efficacy and potential risks of different approaches to reversing the arrhythmia. The authors indicated a need for early diagnosis and strict control of the sinus rhythm in AF, which would help a successful intervention not only to completely cure the existing arrhythmia but also to prevent other heart rhythm disorders, primarily atrial fibrillation.
Navigating Digital Challenges for SMEs: A Two-Tier Approach to Risks Mitigation and Sustainability

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The global significance of SMEs has traditionally been recognized as a key driver of economic growth and sustainability. The emergence of digital technologies and Information and Communication Technology for Development (ICT4D) holds significant potential to further enhance this impact. However, SMEs in developing countries have faced challenges in adopting sustainable, resource-intensive digital systems. Factors such as limited skills, financial constraints, and the alignment of suitable solutions hinder this adoption. To address these challenges and promote sustainable digital transformation, this study proposes a two-tier approach. The first prong employs Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques, including Word2Vec, for global analysis and digital systems identification. The second prong involves a country-specific analysis of SMEs’ digital requirements. This two-tier analysis aims to uncover the actual digital needs of SMEs while shedding light on high-intensity global SME activities that, if integrated through ICT4D, could effectively address the risks and challenges SMEs face in adopting, implementing, and maintaining digital systems. In addition, the study develops systems required by SMEs to optimize their business processes and production, thereby promoting their growth and sustainability in the digital era. The results of this study demonstrate the effectiveness of these proposed methods in addressing digital challenges for SMEs and fostering sustainable development.
Avalanches Injecting Flux into the Central Hole of a Superconducting MgB2 Ring

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Magneto-optical imaging was used to observe dendritic flux avalanches connecting the outer and inner edges of a ring-shaped superconducting MgB2 film. Such avalanches create heated channels across the entire width of the ring, and inject large amounts of flux into the central hole. By measuring the injected flux and the corresponding reduction of current, which is typically 15%, we estimate the maximum temperature in the channel to be 100 K, and the duration of the process to be on the order of a microsecond. Flux creep simulations reproduce all the observed features in the current density before and after injection events.
Longitudinal Dispersion Coefficient and Holdup Distribution of Droplets in Bubble Columns

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The behavior of kerosine droplets in water was studied in bubble columns, 6.6 cm and 12.2 cm in diameter, The longitudinal dispersion coefficients of droplets (ED) were correlated with Peclet number (PeD=uGDT/ED) and Froude number (Fγ = uG/√gDT) as the following empirical equation.PeD=10Fγ/ (1+6.5Fγ0.8) where uG [cm / sec] is superficial gas velocity, DT [cm] is column diameter and g [cm/sec2] is gravitational acceleration.The longitudinal concentration distributions of droplets were analyzed by using the ascending dispersion model and the following empirical equations were obtained.νds = 3.4uG-1.2 / (1+2u) D (1+0.76uT0.75) (1-C) 4.0 (at DT = 6.6 and 12.2cm) 1-C / C* = 4.5νds 2uT-0.32 / (1+6.0νds+4.8νds2) (at DT = 6.6cm) 1-C / C* = 3.2νds2uT-0.16/ (1+6.0νds+3.1νds2) (at DT = 12.2cm) where νds [cm / sec] is mean slip velocity of droplets, uD [cm / sec] is superficial velocity of kerosine, uT [cm / sec] is superficial velocity of total liquids, C [-] is average concentration of droplets in water and C* [-] is concentration of droplets in feed.
Correlation between hippocampal subfields volume and white matter hyperintensity in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Volume of hippocampal subfields in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) was quantitatively assessed, and its&rsquo;correlation to white matter hyperintensity (WMH) grade was also analyzed. The results show that the severity of WMH in T2DM patients may affect the atrophy of hippocampal subfields.
Correlation between bacterial load following pressure infiltration of mature bean leaves and plant weight following seed infection.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

<p>(A) Bacterial density of 23 <i>P</i>. <i>syringae</i> isolates from 10 phylogroups in 14-day old, infected bean leaves (pressure infiltration 3 days post infection). (B) Normalized weight of 14-day old, infected bean plants (seed infected 14 days post infection) of 23 <i>P</i>. <i>syringae</i> isolates from 10 phylogroups. (C) Bacterial density in 14-day old, infected bean leaves (pressure infiltration 3 days post infection) as a function of normalized median weight of seed infected plants at 14 days old. There is a strong negative correlation between bacterial density and plant weight across 24 <i>P</i>. <i>syringae</i> isolates (linear regression; <i>F</i> = 36.95, df = 21, <i>p</i> = 4.95e-06, R<sup>2</sup> = 0.62). (D) Characteristic plant phenotypes of 14-day old plants following seedling infection. The photos at the top are for plants infected with MgSO<sub>4</sub>, while the at the bottom show plants infected with the bean pathogen PsyAB2012-008_22.</p>
Canonization/Quantification: Film Canon as an Empirical Matter

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The main aim of this article is to open the traditional debate on the issue of canon formation in film studies to the quantitative methods, steadily gaining more momentum in the academic world in the face of the so called ‘computational turn’ in the humanities. For the past two decades, scholars of literature and art history have been attempting to define the canon and the processes governing its formation and transformation based on external, intersubjective criteria and numerical means of analysis. It is therefore worthwhile to inquire about similar mechanisms within the field of film studies. Viewing the canon as a social construct allows us to seek its institutional or social traces, such as the number of retrospectives, critical and academic works dedicated to specific films or filmmakers, awards given to them, or their presence in academic syllabi. Simultaneously, quantitative methods can be instrumental in undermining the canons primacy in historical research by turning towards objectified criteria for sample selection or the analysis of large data corpora. Thus, the issue of the canon may serve as a litmus test for the application of digital humanities methods in film studies, providing a testing ground for their potential and limitations.
Briefing package for the Yucca Flat pre-emptive review, including overview, UZ model, SZ volcanics model and summary and conclusions sections

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Much progress has been made in the last several years in modeling radionuclide transport from tests conducted both in the unsaturated zone and saturated volcanic rocks of Yucca Flat, Nevada. The presentations to the DOE NNSA pre-emptive review panel contained herein document the progress to date, and discuss preliminary conclusions regarding the present and future extents of contamination resulting from past nuclear tests. The presentations also discuss possible strategies for addressing uncertainty in the model results.
The impact of reionization on the formation of supermassive black hole seeds

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Direct collapse black holes (DCBHs) formed from the collapse of atomically-cooled primordial gas in the early Universe are strong candidates for the seeds of supermassive BHs. DCBHs are thought to form in atomic cooling haloes in the presence of a strong molecule-dissociating, Lyman-Werner (LW) radiation field. Given that star forming galaxies are likely to be the source of the LW radiation in this scenario, ionizing radiation from these galaxies may accompany the LW radiation. We present cosmological simulations resolving the collapse of primordial gas into an atomic cooling halo, including the effects of both LW and ionizing radiation. We find that in cases where the gas is not self-shielded from the ionizing radiation, the collapse can be delayed by ~ 25 Myr. When the ionized gas does collapse, the free electrons that are present catalyze H2 formation. In turn, H2 cooling becomes efficient in the center of the halo, and DCBH formation is prevented. We emphasize, however, that in many cases the gas collapsing into atomic cooling haloes at high redshift is self-shielding to ionizing radiation. Therefore, it is only in a fraction of such haloes in which DCBH formation is prevented due to reionization.
Chaotic Flower Pollination with Deep Learning Based COVID-19 Classification Model

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) pandemic has exposed the vulnerabilities of medical services across the globe, especially in underdeveloped nations. In the aftermath of the COVID-19 outbreak, a strong demand exists for developing novel computer-assisted diagnostic tools to execute rapid and cost-effective screenings in locations where many screenings cannot be executed using conventional methods. Medical imaging has become a crucial component in the disease diagnosis process, whereas X-rays and Computed Tomography (CT) scan imaging are employed in a deep network to diagnose the diseases. In general, four steps are followed in image-based diagnostics and disease classification processes by making use of the neural networks, such as network training, feature extraction, model performance testing and optimal feature selection. The current research article devises a Chaotic Flower Pollination Algorithm with a Deep Learning-Driven Fusion (CFPA-DLDF) approach for detecting and classifying COVID-19. The presented CFPA-DLDF model is developed by integrating two DL models to recognize COVID-19 in medical images. Initially, the proposed CFPA-DLDF technique employs the Gabor Filtering (GF) approach to pre-process the input images. In addition, a weighted voting-based ensemble model is employed for feature extraction, in which both VGG-19 and the MixNet models are included. Finally, the CFPA with Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) model is utilized for classification, showing the work’s novelty. A comparative analysis was conducted to demonstrate the enhanced performance of the proposed CFPA-DLDF model, and the results established the supremacy of the proposed CFPA-DLDF model over recent approaches.
Novel Combinatorial Selection of Phosphorothioate Oligonucleotide Aptamers

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

A novel combinatorial approach is described for construction and screening of enhanced nuclease-resistant phosphorothioate DNA "decoys" or "aptamers." Aptamers have been selected that bind tightly to the nuclear factor for human IL6 (NF-IL6), a basic leucine zipper transcription factor involved in the induction of acute-phase responsive and cytokine gene promotors in response to inflammation. Using a random combinatorial selection approach and dNTP(alphaS)'s in the PCR amplification, we can select specific thio-substituted agents which have the highest specificity in binding to target NF-IL6. Using a 22-nucleotide-long duplex random library, nanomolar binding, specific 22-mer thiophosphate backbone substitution sequences (at dA positions only) were selected. These show a different consensus sequence than normal phosphate backbone CCAAT/enhancer binding protein recognition sites for NF-IL6. Unlike the wild-type 10-mer sequences, which bind 1 protein dimer/duplex, these 22-mer thiophosphate aptamers bind with a stoichiometry of 2 dimers/duplex.