jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Spatial Gradient of White Matter Microstructure Discriminates Progressive vs Non-Progressive Cerebral Adrenoleukodystrophy

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Motivation: The emergence of demyelination, prediction of progression, appropriate disease-staging, and neurological prognosis post-treatment for cerebral adrenoleukodystrophy are significant challenges. Goal(s): Quantify the spatial change in white matter microstructure across a lesion into distal normal appearing white matter to discriminate between disease progression vs arrest. Approach: A region of interest analysis was performed along the corpus callosum from proximal to the lesion to the distal end in 36 DTI datasets. The slope of change in FA was calculated and compared between progressors vs non-progressors. Results: There is a significant difference between the FA slope of the progressor group vs non-progressors. Impact: This analytic approach demonstrated differences in change in microstructure between patients with ongoing disease vs those with disease arrest, indicating utility as a clinical imaging tool to guide imaging surveillance, prognosis, and appropriate patient selection for treatment in cerebral adrenoleukodystrophy.
Simplifying attenuation waveform inversion with automatic differentiation

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Summary Seismic attenuation exists widely in shale oil and gas reservoirs. Attenuation estimation is an important direction of seismic exploration and has great significance for oil and gas exploration and carbon sequestration monitoring. Common attenuation estimation methods based on the relationship between frequency and attenuation have low accuracy and poor noise robustness. Full waveform inversion simulates wave field to update target parameters by wave equation. However, it is very complicated to estimate seismic attenuation by full waveform inversion, especially to calculate gradient based on adjoint state method. We extend the deep learning tool to attenuated full waveform inversion, calculate the gradient of the attenuated parameter using the automatic differentiation technique, and perform optimization updates using the Adam algorithm and Minibatch strategy. The new attenuation inversion process simplifies the formula derivation and programming difficulty. The numerical example shows that it is feasible to use the automatic differential technique to estimate seismic attenuation, and the method deserves further study.
Phase II trial of oxaliplatin plus oral capecitabine as first-line chemotherapy for patients with advanced gastric cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aims and background The efficacy of chemotherapy for advanced gastric cancer is now widely accepted. However, the survival advantage is small, and no internationally accepted standard regimen has emerged. The present study investigated the efficacy and safety of oxaliplatin plus oral capecitabine (XELOX regimen) as first-line chemotherapy in previously untreated patients with advanced gastric cancer. Methods and study design Patients received intravenous oxaliplatin (130 mg/m 2 over 2 h on day 1) plus oral capecitabine (1,000 mg/m 2 twice daily on days 1–14). Treatments were repeated every 3 weeks. Results Seventy-four patients were enrolled in the study, median age was 61 years (range, 32–74); median follow-up was 13.2 months (range, 2–24.5). In total, 364 cycles of chemotherapy were delivered. Overall response rate was 62.2% (95% CI, 51.2–73.2), with 3 complete and 43 partial responses; median time to progression and overall survival were 5.9 (95% CI, 4.8–7.0) and 10.8 months (95% CI, 7.9–13.7), respectively. The most common hematological adverse event was anemia (67.6% of patients). Grade 3–4 neutropenia was observed in 5 patients. The most common nonhematological toxicities were neuropathy (64.9%), nausea/vomiting (48.6%), diarrhea (28.4%), and hand-foot syndrome (39.2%). Grade 3–4 toxicities were rare. There were no treatment-related deaths. Conclusions The XELOX regimen was active and well-tolerated as first-line chemotherapy in patients with advanced gastric cancer.
Curcumol inhibits the growth of xenograft-tumors in mice and the biological activities of pancreatic cancer cells by regulating the miR-21-5p/SMAD7 axis

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Anti-cancer effects of curcumol on various cancers have been reported previously. This study focused on investigating the role of curcumol in pancreatic cancer from the molecular perspective. The survival of pancreatic cancer patients with high or low expression of miR-21-5pand the target gene of miR-21-5pwere analyzed by bioinformatics. MiR-21-5p expression in cancer tissues was analyzed by RT-qPCR. Anxenograft-tumor BALB/c nude mice model was established and pancreatic cancer cells were cultured. Later, the mice and cells were further treated with curcumol. The tumor size and weightas well as mice body weight were recorded. The viability, proliferation, migration, and invasion of the cells were evaluated by MTT, colony formation, and transwell assays, respectively. The expressions of molecules in the xenograft-tumor tissues or cells were detected by immunohistochemical assay, Western blot, or RT-qPCR. MiR-21-5p was high-expressed in pancreatic cancer tissues and patients with high expression of miR-21-5p had poor survival. Curcumol inhibited the xenograft-tumor size, tumor weight, and PCNA and miR-21-5p expressions while promoting Cleaved caspase-3 expression in xenograft-tumor tissues. Curcumol inhibited the viability, proliferation, migration, invasion, and miR-21-5p expression, but increased SMAD7 expression in cancer cells. MiR-21-5p overexpression reversed the effect of curcumol on cancer cells, and decreased the E-cadherin expression while elevating the expressions of PCNA, N-cadherin, Vimentin, p-SMAD2, and p-SMAD3 in curcumol-treated cells. The overexpression of SMAD7, a target gene of miR-21-5p, reversed the effect of miR-21-5p on curcumol-treated cells. Curcumol inhibited growth of xenograft-tumors and the biological activities of pancreatic cancer cells by regulating the miR-21-5p/SMAD7 axis.
Resource-constrained project scheduling: An evaluation of adaptive control schemes for parameterized sampling heuristics

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

For most computationally intractable problems there exists no simple heuristic that consistently outperforms all other heuristics. One remedy is to bundle simple heuristics into composite ones in a fixed and predetermined way. Adaptive control schemes take this approach one step further by dynamically combining algorithms. Several such algorithms have been proposed recently in various settings, yet an experimental investigation comparing them with other contemporary methods has been lacking. The aim here is to close this gap by a comprehensive computational study on the field of resource-constrained project scheduling. Also shown is how to improve effectiveness of the best algorithm by means of randomized sampling. Finally, revealed are several advantages of adaptive control schemes over other algorithms which facilitate the OR practitioner's task of designing good algorithms for newly arising problems.
Data Security Issues and Challenges in Cloud Computing: A Conceptual Analysis and Review

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Cloud computing is a set of Information Technology services offered to users over the web on a rented base. Such services enable the organizations to scale-up or scale-down their in-house foundations. Generally, cloud services are provided by a third-party supplier who possesses the arrangement. Cloud computing has many advantages such as flexibility, efficiency, scalability, integration, and capital reduction. Moreover, it provides an advanced virtual space for organizations to deploy their applications or run their operations. With disregard to the possible benefits of cloud computing services, the organizations are reluctant to invest in cloud computing mainly due to security concerns. Security is one of the main challenges that hinder the growth of cloud computing. At the same time, service providers strive to reduce the risks over the clouds and increase their reliability in order to build mutual trust between them and the cloud customers. Various security issues and challenges are discussed in this research, and possible opportunities are stated.
Effect of pH condition during sol-gel synthesis on the volume fraction of hydroxyapatite from sea coral

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract A research Hydroxyapatite synthesis has been carried out using the sol-gel method with variations in acidity (pH). Hydroxyapatite sources are obtained from marine corals from Banyuwangi. Hydroxyapatite synthesis is carried out by reacting calcium hydroxide Ca(OH) 2 obtained from the powder coral with phosphoric acid (H 3 PO 4 ) using the sol-gel method. synthesis is carried out with a pH variation from values 5 to 13 at intervals of 2 and is characterized using XRD (X-Ray Diffractometer). The XRD results show that for hydroxyapatite synthesis using the sol gel method the most optimal pH value is 11 with a volume fraction of 92.7% and the impurities are Lime CaO and Portlandite Ca(OH) 2 .
[Genetic effects of the decay of tritium incorporated into Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast cells. I. Lethal effect of 3H-alanine on cells of different ploidy and radiosensitivity].

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Lethal effect of 3H-alanine on cells of different ploidy (1n-4n) and radiosensitivity wild type haploid and diploid strains; xrs2 mutant and diploid strains homozygous for this mutation is studied. It is shown that the efficiency of the inactivation per tritium decay depends on ploidy, radiosensitivity and geometric dimension of cells and nuclei. Do for all the studied strains is slightly higher than Do for these strains in case of external beta-irradiation. RBE of beta-ray tritium with respect to beta-ray of 32P is 1.5.
Discovery of 8-Amino-imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazines as Reversible BTK Inhibitors for the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) is a Tec family kinase with a well-defined role in the B cell receptor (BCR) pathway. It has become an attractive kinase target for selective B cell inhibition and for the treatment of B cell related diseases. We report a series of compounds based on 8-amino-imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazine that are potent reversible BTK inhibitors with excellent kinase selectivity. Selectivity is achieved through specific interactions of the ligand with the kinase hinge and driven by aminopyridine hydrogen bondings with Ser538 and Asp539, and by hydrophobic interaction of trifluoropyridine in the back pocket. These interactions are evident in the X-ray crystal structure of the lead compounds 1 and 3 in the complex with the BTK enzyme. Our lead compounds show desirable PK profiles and efficacy in the preclinical rat collagen induced arthritis model.
Spirituality in organizational leaders – Ways to Inner, Ways to Wisdom

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Purpose Work is central to human life. It requires high mental and emotional involvement from organizational leaders, whose decisions have far-reaching impacts. Currently, industrial and technological societies struggle with growing problems of trust in leadership, mental health, feelings of emptiness and the search for relevant meaning, which highlights the importance of attending to spirituality at work. This study aims to fill two main gaps: the need for empirical research on spirituality in organizational leaders, and access to the meanings and experiences of leaders themselves. Design/methodology/approach Qualitative data from 25 Portuguese organizational leaders were collected through in-depth interviews. We followed a phenomenological approach to reveal participants' own meanings and experiences of spirituality. Content analysis was performed to identify emergent categories and a framework of spirituality development. Findings The results suggest the participant’s plural views and spirituality practices, which generate common achievements – Ways to Inner. Relations of leaders’ spirituality with their development and integration at work are also evidenced – Ways to Wisdom. A spirituality development framework is presented with aspects revealed in leaders’ ways, from deepening individual issues to the orientation for existential impacts. Originality/value This study proposes a framework of spirituality development based on empirical data, with the potential for adaptation to various professional contexts. Spirituality is approached as a human dimension in leaders, as whole beings and a decisive dimension of present organizational change towards a holistic work paradigm.
Analysis of T Cells in Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria Provides Direct Evidence That Thymic T-Cell Production Declines With Age

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Peripheral blood T cells in patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) comprise a mixture of residual normal and glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-deficient PNH cells. Using multicolor flow cytometry, we demonstrated significant differences between the proportions of naive and memory cells within these populations. PNH T cells comprise mainly naive cells (CD45RA+CD45R0−), whereas normal T cells in the same patients were predominantly memory (CD45RA−CD45R0+) cells. Functional analyses showed that GPI-deficient CD45RA+ T cells can convert to a CD45R0+ phenotype. We present data from a PNH patient in remission for 20 years who still had significant numbers of GPI-deficient T cells; these showed a normal distribution of naive and memory components. The predominantly naive phenotype of GPI-deficient T cells seen in PNH patients with active disease likely reflects the phenotype of recent normal thymic emigrants. In patients where hematopoiesis was predominantly derived from the PNH stem cell, absolute numbers of both naive PNH CD4+ cells and CD8+ cells show an inverse correlation with patient age, implying this age-related decline in T-cell production is secondary to a decrease in thymic activity rather than a stem cell defect.
The effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on the behavioral and psychological symptoms and the cognitive functioning of patients with Alzheimer′s disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective
To assess the effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) at different frequencies on behavioral and psychological symptoms and cognitive function in patients with Alzheimer′s disease.

Methods
Seventy-two patients were randomly divided into a high frequency group, a low frequency group and a control group (n=24 for each), and given 10 Hz, 1 Hz or sham rTMS over the left and right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex at an intensity was 80% of each patient′s movement threshold. The stimulation was for 30 min a day, five days a week. During the 4 weeks of treatment, risperidone was used at a fixed dose of 1 mg per day for all patients. Before and after the treatment, all 3 groups were assessed using the behavioral pathology in Alzheimer′s disease rating scale (BEHAVE-AD) and the mini-mental state examination (MMSE).

Results
Two weeks after the treatment, the average BEHAVE-AD score of the high frequency group had decreased significantly from (16.75±6.26) to (13.84±6.10) , significantly lower than the low frequency and the control groups′ averages. Two weeks later, the average BEHAVE-AD scores of the 3 groups were significantly lower than before the treatment, but the decrease of the high frequency group was of significantly greater compared to the other 2 groups. Four weeks after the treatment the average MMSE score of the high frequency group was significantly better than before the treatment (P<0.01), and better than the low frequency and the control group′s averages. The effectiveness rates of the high frequency group, the low frequency group and the control group were 88%, 58% and 54% respectively, all significantly different.

Conclusion
High frequency (10 Hz) rTMS combined with risperidone can improve the behavioral and psychological symptoms and cognitive function of AD patients, while low frequency (1 Hz) rTMS does not have obvious effects.

Key words:
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation; Alzheimer′s disease; Behavior; Psychology; Cognition
Pediatric Telepsychiatry as Innovation in Healthcare Delivery

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Although a great deal has been written about the potential for telemedicine to increase access to care, applications in paediatrics are sparse. This chapter details how one paediatric telepsychiatry program has facilitated the creation of integrated healthcare solutions in patient psychiatric care for children and youth in remote and rural communities. It demonstrates how the telepsychiatry model of healthcare service delivery has improved access, enhanced capacity, and promoted knowledge exchange in rural communities. A case study is used to highlight theoretical and empirical research on the value of televideo information technology in mental healthcare and its impact on the healthcare stakeholders who utilize this technology. An overview of the clinical, education, and evaluation components of the program is outlined, with a focus on knowledge translation and exchange as the underpinning foundation to the success of the program.Request access from your librarian to read this chapter's full text.
Volatiles of an alcoholic extract of flowers from plumeria rubra L. var. acutifolia

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Volatile compounds of an alcoholic extract from flowers of Plumeria rubra L. var acutifolia were isolated by continuous liquid‐liquid extraction with isopentane. The extract was analysed by HRGC and GC‐MS techniques. A total of 27 compounds were identified, of which 16 are reported for the first time in this flower.
Underpinnings of the Interoperability Reference Architecture

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

As we are moving into new paradigms of care, sharing of health information becomes crucial. We need new systems and more interconnectivity to support this. The regional approach to eHealth solutions in New Zealand hinges on establishing trusted and interoperable systems. The Interoperability Reference Architecture is a first step towards providing overall principles and standards to reach this goal. A core group from the Sector Architects Group was formed and prepared the first draft of this document. After initial internal feedback it went through wider consultation – including public. Good feedback was received, including international. It then went through formal HISO processes and was approved as a national interim standard. The Reference Architecture comprises three pillars which define: 1) XDS based access to clinical data repositories, 2) a common content model underpinned by CCR and openEHR Archetypes to which all health information exchange should conform, and 3) use of CDA as common currency for payload. A trial implementation is yet to be conducted, however we used the Content Model to align ePrescribing data model with the Australian model in order to validate the methodology. The Reference Architecture will provide an incremental step-by-step implementation approach to interoperability and thus minimise risk.
IA-2, a transmembrane protein of the protein tyrosine phosphatase family, is a major autoantigen in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

IA-2 is a 105,847 Da transmembrane protein that belongs to the protein tyrosine phosphatase family. Immunoperoxidase staining with antibody raised against IA-2 showed that this protein is expressed in human pancreatic islet cells. In this study, we expressed the full-length cDNA clone of IA-2 in a rabbit reticulocyte transcription/translation system and used the recombinant radiolabeled IA-2 protein to detect autoantibodies by immunoprecipitation. Coded sera (100) were tested: 50 from patients with newly diagnosed insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and 50 from age-matched normal controls. Sixty-six percent of the sera from patients, but none of the sera from controls, reacted with IA-2. The same diabetic sera tested for autoantibodies to islet cells (ICA) by indirect immunofluorescence and glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65Ab) by depletion ELISA showed 68% and 52% positivity, respectively. Up to 86% of the IDDM patients had autoantibodies to IA-2 and/or GAD65. Moreover, greater than 90% (14 of 15) of the ICA-positive but GAD65Ab-negative sera had autoantibodies to IA-2. Absorption experiments showed that the immunofluorescence reactivity of ICA-positive sera was greatly reduced by prior incubation with recombinant IA-2 or GAD65 when the respective antibody was present. A little over one-half (9 of 16) of the IDDM sera that were negative for ICA were found to be positive for autoantibodies to IA-2 and/or GAD65, arguing that the immunofluorescence test for ICA is less sensitive than the recombinant tests for autoantibodies to IA-2 and GAD65. It is concluded that IA-2 is a major islet cell autoantigen in IDDM, and, together with GAD65, is responsible for much of the reactivity of ICA with pancreatic islets. Tests for the detection of autoantibodies to recombinant IA-2 and GAD65 may eventually replace ICA immunofluorescence for IDDM population screening.
Clinical Study of Cardiac Markers in Post Myocardial Infarction Patients on Antihypertensive Drug Therapy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Clinical study of Cardiac Markers in post myocardial Infarction Patients on
Antihypertensive Drug Therapy
Aim and objective:
To assess the level of cardiac markers during anti-hypertensive drug
therapy in post myocardial infarction patients.
Materials and methods:
A prospective – observational study was carried out in post myocardial
infarction patients with history on antihypertensive therapy. Patient’s
demographic details, previous medical history of MI and duration on
antihypertensive treatment were collected and the effectiveness of
antihypertensive drug therapy on cardiac workload was evaluated with the help of
cardiac markers by using one way ANOVA followed by Tukey- Kramer multiple
comparison test. Patient information leaflet was prepared and assessed.
Results:
The study result showed that Ramipril has a greater control on troponin – I
and CK-MB profile of the patients (P< 0.01) when compared to Nicorandil. After
Ramipril, Amlodipine showed a significant control (P< 0.05) when compared to
Nicorandil on Troponin – I profile.
Duration of antihypertensive drug treatment revealed that Ramipril
decreases the incidence of second MI symptoms for longer duration than other
drugs.
Conclusion:
Our study revealed that Ramipril has significant control on troponin-I and
CK-MB level in post MI While amlodipine showed a significant control only on
troponin-I. Duration of antihypertensive drug treatment among the study population
revealed that Ramipril decreases the incidence of second MI symptoms for
longer duration and decrease the release of cardiac markers compared to other
drugs. It may due to decrease in workload of heart by ACE inhibitors.
Patient information leaflet was prepared and distributed through cardiology
department to improve patients understanding of disease management and the
developed leaflet was found to be very useful by the patients.
Keywords: Cardiac markers, myocardial infarction, Antihypertensive drugs.
Tumoral Hypoxia in Osteosarcoma in Rats: Preliminary Study of Blood Oxygenation Level–Dependent Functional MRI and 18F-Misonidazole PET/CT With Diffusion-Weighted MRI Correlation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BOLD functional MRI may be a promising tool for noninvasive functional imaging of bone tumors, but additional developments are necessary to permit its use in clinical practice.