jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Effects of Thiouracil on Turnover of Thyroidal I131 and Thyroxine Secretion Rate Measurement

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

SummaryThe effects of thiouracil on turnover of I131 by the thyroid in immature and mature chickens were studied. Rate of uptake of I131 by the thyroid was significantly reduced and release rate of I131 from the thyroid was significantly augmented in thiouracil-fed birds. Rate of recycling of I131 from the metabolized thyroid hormone measured by accumulation of I131 by the thyroid from I131-labelled thyroxine injected was always a little less than rate of uptake of I131 by the thyroid. Both uptake and recycling of thyroidal I131 decreased with length of the period of thiouracil feeding. Rate of release of I131 from the thyroid increased with the lengthened time of thiouracil feeding. The thyroxine secretion rate expressed either per 100 g body weight or per bird measured by the thyroxine substitution significantly increased in thiouracil-fed birds compared with normal diet-fed birds. It also increased with length of thiouracil feeding. Use of thiouracil is not adequate for precise determination of thyroxi...
Effect of Organics on Yield and Yield Components of Chia (Salvia hispanica L.)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Chia (Salvia hispanica L.) is a new emerging crop as functional food. Its seeds are richest source of omega-3, antioxidant, calcium and are known to prevent heart disease, diabetes and cancer. Owing to its nutraceutical and therapeutical values, the studies on its organic production are very essential under Indian condition. Therefore, an experiment to determine the influence of organic fertilization on growth and yield of chia was done at Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh during 2018-19 and 2019-20. The recommended fertilizers dose (RDF) 57.5:40:24 NPK kg ha-1 with FYM 10 t ha-1 was compared with fourteen treatment combinations of organic manures viz., vermicompost (V), bio gas spent slurry (BSS) and Neem cake (Nc) at 25% or 50%N equivalent dose of RDF and organic supplements namely, microbial consortia (M), Jeevamrita (J) and humic acid (H). The maximum plant height, number of branches per plant, number and weight of spikes per plant, spike weight, dry matter, seed yield per plant and seed yield per hectare were higher under RDF which was at par with FYM50V25BSS25MJH, RDFM, RDFJ. During first year, RDF recorded the higher yield (835.67 kg ha-1) followed by RDFMJH (680.93 kg ha-1), RDFJ (665.84 kg ha-1), FYM50V25BSS25H (616.19 kg ha-1) and FYM50V25BSS25 (603.57 kg ha-1). During first year, chia resulted in lower yield in comparison to second year in all the treatments. The reproductive phase, blooming to seed filling was found sensitive to frost. During second year RDFMJH gave higher yield (1201.65 kg ha-1) and was at par to FYM50V25BSS25M (1186.28 kg ha-1), FYM50V25BSS25J (1165.71 kg ha-1) and RDF (1165.43 kg ha-1). Therefore, the RDF can be substituted by organic manures combination viz. FYM 10.7 t + vermicompost 1.07 t + biogas spent slurry 1.68 t ha-1 along with microbial consortia or with Jeevamrita.
Downregulation of microRNA‐214 improves therapeutic potential of allogeneic bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem cell by targeting PIM‐1 in rats with acute liver failure

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Acute liver failure (ALF) is a disease resulted from diverse etiology, which generally leads to a rapid degenerated hepatic function. However, transplantation bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) transplantation has been suggested to relieve ALF. Interestingly, microRNA‐214 (miR‐214) could potentially regulate differentiation and migration of BMSCs. The present study aims to inquire whether miR‐214 affects therapeutic potential of BMSCs transplantation by targeting PIM‐1 in ALF. 120 male Wistar rats were induced as ALF model rats and transplanted with BMSCs post‐alteration of miR‐214 or PIM‐1 expression. Further experiments were performed to detect biochemical index (alanine aminotransferase [ALT], aspartate transaminase [AST], total bilirubin [TBiL]), and expression of miR‐214, PIM‐1, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), caspase 3, tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), and interleukin‐10 (IL‐10) in rat serum. Apart from the above detection, apoptosis of hepatocytes and Ki67 protein expression in hepatic tissues of rats were additionally assessed. After BMSCs transplantation with miR‐214 inhibition, a decreased expression of ALT, AST, and TBiL yet an increased expression of HGF was shown, coupled with a decline in the expression of caspase 3, TNF‐α, and IL‐10. Meanwhile, alleviated hepatic injury and decreased apoptotic index of hepatic cells were observed and the positive rate of Ki67 protein expression was significantly increased. Moreover, miR‐214 and caspase 3, TNF‐α, and IL‐10 decreased notably, while PIM‐1 was upregulated in response to miR‐214 inhibition. Strikingly, the inhibition of PIM‐1 reversed effects triggered by miR‐214 inhibition. These findings indicated that downregulation of miR‐214 improves therapeutic potential of BMSCs transplantation by upregulating PIM‐1 for ALF.
Gynecomastia as a rare symptom in ß-HCG-positive giant-cell tumor of bone GCTOB.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

e21501 Background: Extragonadal germcell tumors (EGGCT) in men are a rare form of testicular cancer. They produce the same tumor-markers as testicular cancer, but they have a poor prognosis by IGCCCG . A ß-HCG-positive tumor in men close to the spine is always suspicious of being EGGCT. ß-HCG has hormonal properties and can cause gynecomastia. Giant-cell tumors of bone (GCTOB) are predoninantly found close to the joints of long bones. They ususally to not express any specific tumor-markers and grow by regional destruction. When located at the sacrum patients often can not be cured surgically but need neoadjuvant or palliative therapy using Denosumab. Methods: A 47-year old man presented with painful gynecomastia. An elevation of ß-HCG of 11,7 mIU/ml (norm: < 5) led to urological ultrasound wihout signs for NSGCT or EGGCT. A CT-scan of the thorax and abdomen showed a presacral tumor of 5,5 by 8cm While ventraly smooth it destroyed the ventral sacrum entering the neuroforaminae. A CT-guided biopsie seen be a reference-pathologist showed no markers for a germ cell tumor, excluded a possibly chordoma and showed a giant cell tumor. With hindsight the patient recalled backpain for three years, increasing obstipation for four month and the resection of a giant cell tumor from the right arm at the age of 16. After biopsy obstipation and backpain increased due to fast progression. Results: In this case of an unresectable giant-cell tumor there was a partial response to Denusumab 120 mg s.c. on day 1,8,15 continued monthly with Calcium and Vitamin D added with complete relief of all symptoms within three months. Conclusions: A man presenting with gynecomastia should undergo ultrasound of the testis and a lab-analysis for germcelltumors including AFP, ß-HCG, Estradiol and Prolactin. Even with elevated markers there should be no therapy-decision without a biopsy.
Use of HPLC with a Photodiode Array Detector to Identify Sildenafil Citrate as an Adulterant in Herbal Products of Bangladesh

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The present study investigated the presence of specific PDE-5 inhibitors in the most popular marketed liquid herbal products in Bangladesh by HPLC system to confirm their safe use. Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDE) is a ubiquitous enzyme in the human cell that is the essential regulator of cyclic nucleotide signaling with diverse physiological functions. A reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method with a photodiode array (PDA) detector system has been developed and validated for investigating the presence of synthetic phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE-5) enzyme inhibitor as an adulterant in traditional herbal products. Nine of the liquid preparations (syrup), Balarista (A), Jinsant (B), Jernide (C), Bolarist (D), Sree Gopal Oil (E), Menostroge (F), Enerton (G), Ginseng (H) and Ginsin Plus (I), of six companies form local market of Bangladesh were investigated. The results indicated that the herbal companies of Bangladesh use large amount of synthetic PDE–5 inhibitors such as sildenafil citrate in their formulations. Some products even contain a high amount of sildenafil citrate compared to others. All the products (A–I) were found to contain sildenafil citrate as an adulterant. HPLC peak of the adulterant was confirmed by comparing retention time, UV spectra generated by the PDA detector, and peak spiking with the authentic sample of sildenafil citrate. The quantity of sildenafil citrate in A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, and I syrups were found to be 17, 22, 26, 25, 10, 24, 29, 22, and 17 mg/100 ml, respectively. According to our investigation, sildenafil citrate was found to be an adulterant in all of the evaluated liquid herbal preparations used for erectile disfunction. Along with other PDE-5 inhibitors, sildenafil citrate carries substantial risks for adverse effects and possible drug interactions. The illicit addition of this synthetic agent, sildenafil, to herbal products poses a grave threat that could result in life-threatening consequences. In order to reduce potential hazards to patients, it is vital that Bangladesh's drug regulatory agency acknowledges these findings and swiftly implement necessary measures to minimize future risks to patients.
Large-scale structure, composition, and diversity of soil bacterial and fungal communities in ancient tea plantations

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The ecosystem of tea plantations portrays a special interaction among environment, soil microorganisms and tea trees. Under the influence of environmental factors and human management, the growth, quality, yield of tea trees and the tea leaves may also be dependent upon the changes in the soil microbial community. However, little is known about the composition and structure of soil bacterial and fungal communities in hundred-year-old tea plantations and the mechanisms by which they are affected. In this regard, we characterized the microbiome of tea plantation soils by considering the bacterial and fungal communities in 448 soil samples from 101 ancient tea plantations in eight counties of Lincang city, which is one of domestication centers of tea trees in the world. We applied 16S and ITS rRNA high-throughput sequencing techniques, and found that the effect of pH and altitude changes on the relative abundance of fungal communities was more pronounced than that on bacteria. In terms of the influence of pH and altitude on soil microbial communities, the abundance and diversity of bacterial communities were more sensitive to pH than those of fungi. The α-diversity of bacterial communities peaked in the pH 4.50-5.00 and altitude 2,200 m group, and the highest α-diversity of fungi showed in the pH 5.00-5.50 and 900 m group. While all microbes varied similarly changing with environment and geographies, and further correlations were found that the composition and structure of bacterial communities were more sensitive to latitude and altitude than that of fungal communities.
How the 1906 San Francisco Earthquake Shaped Economic Activity in the American West

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Replication package for "How the 1906 San Francisco Earthquake Shaped
Economic Activity in the American West" by Philipp Ager, Katherine A. Eriksson, Casper Worm Hansen and Lars Lønstrup. We refer to the paper, and its Online Appendix, for further details on data sources and how results are obtained. Please see the "read me.rtf" for further instructions. The software STATA is required to run programs (.do) and data files (.dta).
Abstract:
This paper examines the long-run effects of the 1906 San Francisco Earthquake on the spatial distribution of economic activity in the American West. Using variation in the potential damage intensity of the earthquake, we show that more severely affected cities experienced lower population increases relative to less affected cities until the late 20th century. The earthquake left a long-lasting mark mainly because it interrupted existing migrant networks. Less affected areas became more attractive migrant destinations in the immediate aftermath of the earthquake, which permanently changed relative city sizes in the American West.
Impeachment Practice in the Era of Lethal Conflict

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In many cases [impeachment] will connect itself with the preexisting factions, and will enlist all their animosities, partialities, influence, and interest on one side or on the other, and in such cases there will always be the greatest danger that the decision will be regulated more by the comparative strength of parties than by the real demonstrations of innocense or guilt. Alexander Hamilton, Federalist No. 65 In the current environment, impeachment verges on becoming just what the Founding Fathers feared it could become–just another weapon in lethal partisan conflict. By examining the practice of impeachment, we can appreciate that while in theory we want impeachment locked away in a gun safe somewhere in the House, in practice, it really is just a loaded pistol lying out there on the coffee table. Without taking care, the current atmosphere can easily turn impeachment into a "vote of no confidence" on policy grounds–a cheap way to change the government without invoking new elections, to bend the presidency to the Congress's will. Using vote-counting information from inside the operations of the congressional majority in the 93rd Congress (1973-1974), this article explores the empirical importance of two central presumptions in impeachment theory: "due deliberation" and the power of ambition. The evidence from the effort to impeach President Richard Nixon suggests that practice varies greatly from the theory, implying in turn that impeachment constitutes more of a practical political weapon than the theory presupposes. In light of that empirical conclusion, the article then explores the potential for its use in the current partisan setting, concluding that the potential for its political use appears high. The article concludes with a comment on how impeachment used in this practical, partisan way can become a vote of "no confidence," which, when combined with the provisions for succession, can undermine the constitutional system.
Deafness from Dihydrostreptomycin

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

REPORTS OF SOCIETIESMEDICALBJURNAL experience many cases could be treated in the surgery which at present come to hospital.In that way the clinical acti--vities of the general practitioner would be extended.Revising the Tonsil Waiting-list Dr. J. P. KIEs had recently gone over a large tonsil wait- ing-list, some of the children on which had been waiting for two or three years for operation.On re-examining the -children he had found that about 30% had no clinical indica- tion for tonsillectomy, 30% required operation, and in the remaining cases operation would not be justified until after further investigations. (Similar figures were given later in the meeting by a consultant.)Dr. Kies considered that too much attention was paid to the indications for tonsill- -ectomy and not enough to those against it.Among the latter he mentioned persistent colds, enlargement of tonsils, allergy, and fussy parents.Dr. H. A. WARE described a group practice in an agri- cultural region of England, in which he was also responsible for the oto-rhino-laryngology at the hospitals.He agreed with all the previous speakers that students were not given enough instruction in that branch of medicine.The whole-
GAS‐LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHIC DETERMINATION OF CARBON DISULFIDE IN SHIITAKE MUSHROOM (Lentinus edodes)

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ABSTRACT A simple, rapid chromatographic procedure for the determination of carbon disulfide in shiifake mushrooms was developed. The method involves homogenization of dried mushroom, followed by distillation of the homogenate in the presence of acetone. Carbon disulfide in acetone is determined by GLC with a flame photometric detecting system. The carbon disulfide content in dried mushroom was affected considerably by the pH of homogenation and distillation; 0.02–3.4 ppm of carbon disulfide in dried mushrooms under acidic condition increased to 0.98–72.5 ppm under neutral conditions. The increased carbon disulfide under neutral conditions is purported to be derived from a mushroom component. Therefore, residual carbon disulfide in dried shiitake mushrooms must be determined under acidic conditions of homogenation and distillation. The lower delection limit was 0.025 ppm.
Supplemental Figures 1-5 from Akt-Dependent Glucose Metabolism Promotes Mcl-1 Synthesis to Maintain Cell Survival and Resistance to Bcl-2 Inhibition

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Supplemental Figures 1-5 from Akt-Dependent Glucose Metabolism Promotes Mcl-1 Synthesis to Maintain Cell Survival and Resistance to Bcl-2 Inhibition
Quality of Care

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Letters and Corrections1 August 1981Quality of CareROBERT G. RATE, M.D.ROBERT G. RATE, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-95-2-238_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The editorial by Lawrence (1) in the February issue makes the point that "data are lacking for . . . the quality of practitioner performance" for both family practice and primary care internal medicine. "Documentation of the quality of practice is essential . . ." but difficult.Since 1976, the medical staff of the U.S. Public Health Service Hospital in Keams Canyon, Arizona, has made an excellent attempt to document the quality of medical care practiced at this rural 35-bed Joint Commission on Accreditation of Hospitals-accredited facility. Seventeen physicians have served since 1976 as general medical officers...Reference1. LAWRENCE R. Family practice celebrates a decade of growth. Ann Intern Med. 1981;94:271-2. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Hutchinson Clinic Hutchinson, KS 67501 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 August 1981Volume 95, Issue 2Page: 238-238KeywordsHealth care facilitiesHealth care qualityMedical servicesMedical staff Issue Published: 1 August 1981 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Improving Nutritive Value of Tropical Forages using Various Alkaline Treatments

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This research was aimed to improve the nutritive value and in vitro digestibility of 8 tropical forages. Four alkaline treatments[without treatment, ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH),sodium hydroxide (NaOH), or urea] were applied to 5 tropical legumes (Albizia lebbek, Gliricidia sepium, Leucaena leucocephala, Leucaena leucocephala × L. pallida (cv. KX2),and Tipuana tipu) and 3 tropical grasses (Panicum maximum,Setaria sphacelata, and Hordeum sp. straw) in a 8×4 factorial design. About 250 g chopped fresh or air-dry (55°C)forages were placed in air-tight double-layered polyethylene bags. The NH4OH and urea treatments were applied at concentrations which equivalent amounts of N at 4% of DM sample, while the NaOH treatment was 3% of DM of sample. All samples were incubated at 21°C for 14 days. To determine the digestibility of forages, all treated samples were incubated for 48 h in a two-stage in vitro system. The NH4OH and urea treatments increased CP concentration of legumes by 4.9 and 12.1% units, and of grasses by 5.4 and 12.1% units, (p<0.05), while no effects on CP concentration was detected due to NaOH treatments. Although alkaline treatments decreased NDF concentration of grasses and increased that of
legumes (p<0.05), there were no effects on the in vitro digestibility.
IV.—The Zigzag Course of the Cheddar Gorge

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Having undertaken to explain the geology of the Cheddar gorge to the Cotteswold Naturalists' Field Club at one of their field-meetings this Summer, I thought I should do so more intelligently if I first acquired a practical knowledge of my subject. I accordingly paid a preliminary visit to Cheddar. There were two chief questions to be investigated: (1) the origin of the gorge, and (2) the cause of its serpentine, or rather zigzag, course. The former inquiry had been answered in four different ways. There had been geologists who held that the valley had been excavated by the waves of the sea. A second school taught that it had been produced by a dislocation, splitting the rocks asunder. The third theory regarded it as a valley of erosion, excavated in the ordinary way by a river on the surface. A fourth explanation placed the river underground, and maintained that the glen had originally been a long winding cavern, the roof of which had subsequently fallen in.
Protein kinase A-independent modulation of ion channels in the brain by cyclic AMP.

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Ion channels underlying the electrical activity of neurons can be regulated by neurotransmitters via two basic mechanisms: ligand binding and covalent modification. Whereas neurotransmitters often act by binding directly to ion channels, the intracellular messenger cyclic AMP is thought usually to act indirectly, by activating protein kinase A, which in turn can phosphorylate channel proteins. Here we show that cyclic AMP, and transmitters acting via cyclic AMP, can act in a protein kinase A-independent manner in the brain. In hippocampal pyramidal cells, cyclic AMP and norepinephrine were found to cause a depolarization by enhancing the hyperpolarization-activated mixed cation current, IQ (also called Ih). This effect persisted even after protein kinase A activity was blocked, thus strongly suggesting a kinase-independent action of cyclic AMP. The modulation of this current by ascending monoaminergic fibers from the brainstem is likely to be a widespread mechanism, participating in the state control of the brain during arousal and attention.
Response to “Athletes Genotyping: Ethical and Legal Issues”

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Even though the paper by An et al. did not provide any evidence to the effect that there are genetic influences on athletic performance [[1]], it has been known for more than 20 years that genetic differences play a role in human performance [[2]]. This topic was even addressed in a book entirely devoted to the evidence accumulated on this topic [[3]]. More recently the HERITAGE Family Study has demonstrated that the genetic effects on cardiorespiratory performance were visible not only in the sedentary state [[4]], but also in the ability to respond to training [[5]]. Another group of authors point out that a common polymorphism in the alpha-actinin-3 gene could play a role in muscle power [[7]]. However, we need to have several other studies on this gene before its true significance in muscle performance can be evaluated. Other genes have also generated excitement in the past based on the results of an initial study which were not or were only weakly replicated subsequently. In this regard, the latest version of the Human Fitness and Performance Gene Map strongly suggests that one needs to distinguish between several classes of performance phenotypes and that they are all likely to be influenced by large numbers of genes [[6]].