jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
EARLY DEATH OR RETRANSPLANTATION IN ADULTS AFTER ORTHOTOPIC LIVER TRANSPLANTATION

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Early, reliable outcome prediction after a liver transplant would help improve organ use by minimizing unnecessary retransplantations. At the same time, early intervention in those cases destined to fail may ameliorate the high morbidity and mortality associated with retransplantation. The purpose of this study was to analyze several parameters that have been identified in the past as being associated with patient and graft outcome, and to try to develop a model that would allow us to make predictions based on data available in the early postoperative period. A total of 148 patients were followed in a prospective, observational study. Graft failure was defined as patient death or retransplantation within 3 months of surgery. Preoperative variables studied included patient demographics, need for life support, presence of ascites, serum bilirubin, serum albumin, prothrombin time, serum creatinine, and the results of the cytotoxic crossmatch. During the first 5 postoperative days, standard measurements included serum transami-nases, serum bilirubin, ketone body ratio, prothrombin time, factor V, and serum lactate. Oxygen consumption was measured shortly after surgery, once the patients had rewarmed to 36°C. There were 131 successful transplants (88.5%) and 17 failures (11.5%). Most of the variables studied were found to be associated with outcome (by univariate analysis) at different points in the early postoperative period. However, receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that the predictive ability of even the best parameter was not adequate to make decisions on individual patients. Multivariate analysis, using stepwise logistic regression, yielded a model with an overall accuracy of 92.7%. Again, receiver operating characteristic curve analysis suggested that this model did not achieve the discriminating power needed for routine clinical use. We are still not able to accurately predict outcome in the early posttransplant period. We must be very careful when evaluating parameters, or scoring systems, that are said to accomplish this. It is especially important in this era of cost containment, with its renewed pressures to guide therapy based on our perceived understanding of a patient's future clinical course.
Detection of somatic BRCA1/2 mutations in ovarian cancer – next‐generation sequencing analysis of 100 cases

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract The overall prevalence of germline BRCA 1/2 mutations is estimated between 11% and 15% of all ovarian cancers. Individuals with germline BRCA 1/2 alterations treated with the PARP 1 inhibitors ( iPARP 1) tend to respond better than patients with wild‐type BRCA 1/2. Additionally, also somatic BRCA 1/2 alterations induce the sensitivity to iPARP 1. Therefore, the detection of both germline and somatic BRCA 1/2 mutations is required for effective iPARP 1 treatment. The aim of this study was to identify the frequency and spectrum of germline and somatic BRCA 1/2 alterations in a group of Polish patients with ovarian serous carcinoma. In total, 100 formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded ( FFPE ) ovarian serous carcinoma tissues were enrolled to the study. Mutational analysis of BRCA 1 / 2 genes was performed by using next‐generation sequencing. The presence of pathogenic variants was confirmed by Sanger sequencing. In addition, to confirm the germline or somatic status of the mutation, the nonneoplastic tissue was analyzed by bidirectional Sanger sequencing. In total, 27 (28% of patient samples) mutations (20 in BRCA 1 and 7 in BRCA 2 ) were identified. For 22 of 27 patients, nonneoplastic cells were available and sequencing revealed the somatic character of two BRCA 1 (2/16; 12.5%) and two BRCA 2 (2/6; 33%) mutations. Notably, we identified six novel frameshift or nonsense BRCA 1/2 mutations. The heterogeneity of the detected mutations confirms the necessity of simultaneous analysis of BRCA 1 / 2 genes in all patients diagnosed with serous ovarian carcinoma. Moreover, the use of tumor tissue for mutational analysis allowed the detection of both somatic and germline BRCA 1/2 mutations.
The rectal microbiome in HIV infected Kenyan men who have sex with men (MSM): associations with sexual behaviour and inflammation in the rectum and blood

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

HIV infection is responsible for massive destruction of T cells in the gut associated lypmphoid tissue. The damage is irreversible and affects the host immunity allowing the gut homeostasis to be disturbed. This disruption can translate to gut microbiota alterations, microbial translocation and chronic immune activation. Interest in studying the rectal microbiome has since accelerated as alteration to the microbiota has been implicated in diseases and found to be influenced by both the environment and genetics. One of the interesting factors that affect gut microbiota is sexual orientation as it was shown that MSM status had a distinct microbiota than non-MSM. There have been though few studies accounting for sexual behaviour practises and its effect on the gut microbiota and there is also limited research from sub Saharan Africa. In this thesis, we investigated whether HIV and different sexual behaviours are linked to gut microbiota composition in an MSM cohort from Nairobi, Kenya. We found alpha diversity was consistently lower in Kenyan HIV-infected MSM, including those on antiretroviral therapy (ART) compared with HIV-uninfected MSM. Receptive anal sex with several types of sexual partners (paying, regular, casual) was associated with lower Chao1 and Simpson diversity, independent of HIV status. We also hypothesized that MSM engaging in receptive anal sex might have microbial translocation and associated with immune activation due to local trauma to the rectal mucosa. We found limited evidence of markers of MT in HIV infection but that MSM who engage in receptive anal sex had elevated markers of MT that was correlated with systemic CD4+ T cell activation. We also compared differences between adherent bacteria and lumen bacteria by collecting rectal samples before and after enema to resemble fecal and mucosal samples respectively. We found the fecal samples to have less diversity than mucosal samples and that the mucosal samples were associated with systemic CD4+ T cell subsets. These results demonstrate that both HIV infection and receptive anal sex affect the gut microbiome in MSM. We have also shown the feasibility of carrying out rectal sampling that captures mucosal adherent bacteria without the need for biopsies. This thesis adds to the body of knowledge on MSM behavioural effects on the gut microbiota and can be used for strategies to aimed at reducing HIV susceptibility in this high-risk population.
Single-Dose Pembrolizumab Treatment for Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a rare but emerging demyelinating neurologic infection of the CNS caused by reactivation of the John Cunningham (JC) virus. 1 Several immunocompromised populations are susceptible for PML, for example, those with hematologic malignancy, HIV infection, transplant recipients, and specific disease-modifying therapies. 2For the total PML population, 1-and 5-year survival rates have been estimated to be 30% and 10%, respectively. 2The most crucial factor in the chances of survival depends on whether immune function can be restored. 2embrolizumab is a monoclonal antibody that blocks programmed cell death protein-1 on the surface of the T cell, allowing T cells to be reactivated and to facilitate the clearance of the virus. 3Pembrolizumab treatment of 8 patients with PML led to decreased CSF viral load in all patients and stabilization of clinical deterioration or improvement in 5 patients. 4Subsequently, 2 patients with PML were reported without clinical improvement after pembrolizumab treatment. 5,6[6][7] Classification of EvidenceThis provides Class IV evidence.
Detection and Removal of Fabric Defects in Apparel Production

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Defects in fabric have been and continue to be a major source of seconds in finished garments. These defects persist despite several visual inspections and intensive efforts to remove defective parts during sewing operations. The increased use of automation in assembly steps will intensify the problem of detection and removal of fabric defects in cut‐parts. Describes a workstation utilizing machine vision which has been designed and constructed to detect and remove defective cut‐parts prior to the initiation of assembly operations. The workstation employs two vision systems — an area camera and a line camera — to inspect parts on a conveyor belt both statically and dynamically. The colour of the parts is also determined and the area and perimeter are measured to detect improperly cut parts. The acceptable parts are then stacked in a manner suitable for input to an automated sewing station. The workstation should permit placing into the assembly operations a set of defect‐free, properly‐cut and colour‐matched parts. It is estimated that this cut‐part inspection system will reduce defects in finished garments by approximately 50 per cent and should greatly simplify the labour‐intensive and costly fabric defect control systems currently in place in most apparel plants.
Stability of protein patterns in coffee seedlings regenerated by somatic embryogenesis

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Regeneration and multiplication of coffee (Coffea arabica L.) through somatic embryogenesis can be efficiently achieved through different methods. However, it is very important to analyze the progenies obtained by these methods in order to establish their genetic stability. The objectives of this research were (1) to determine the protein electrophoretic patterns in leaves of coffee vitroplants which were regenerated through somatic embryogenesis, and (2) to compare these patterns with those of the explant donor plants. The protein patterns of some coffee genotypes were initially determined to detect possible differences among them. Each analyzed genotype showed a characteristic set of protein bands. The protein electrophoretic separation in vitroplants did not show significant differences neither among vitroplants nor between them and the mother plants. According to the protein electrophoretic patterns, the Catimor coffee plants regenerated through somatic embryogenesis have very low levels of variation. These results support evidence of genetic stability in plants of coffee cv. Catimor regenerated by somatic embryogenesis. Additionally, it was shown that the method of onedimensional electrophoresis of proteins can be useful in the characterization of coffee genotypes.
A Light‐Operated Molecular Cable Car for Gated Ion Transport

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Inspired by the nontrivial and controlled movements of molecular machines, we report an azobenzene‐based molecular shuttle PR2 , which can perform light‐gated ion transport across lipid membranes. The amphiphilicity and membrane‐spanning molecular length enable PR2 to insert into the bilayer membrane and efficiently transport K + (EC 50 =4.1 μ m ) through the thermally driven stochastic shuttle motion of the crown ether ring along the axle. The significant difference in shuttling rate between trans‐ PR2 and cis‐ PR2 induced by molecular isomerization enables a light‐gated ion transport, i.e., ON/OFF in situ regulation of transport activity and single‐channel current. This work represents an example of using a photoswitchable molecular machine to realize gated ion transport, which demonstrates the value of molecular machines functioning in biomembranes.
Theoretical Assessment of Light Flicker Caused by Sub- and Inter-Harmonic Frequencies

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

One of the main problems in the area of power quality is voltage flicker, a variation in the RMS voltage that causes flickering of incandescent bulbs. Varying loads can lead to such fluctuations of the supply voltage and for historical reasons this type of disturbance is viewed as the principal cause of light flicker. With the constant increase of applications that employ power electronic devices, sub-and interharmonics are becoming more prevalent in the power system. These can also vary the instantaneous power supplied to incandescent lamps by means of beating and thus result in visible light flicker. In this paper the special conditions under which light flicker occurs are derived qualitatively. Computer simulations that are based on a realization of the UIE/JEC flickermeter are then used to produce quantitative data.
Scandinavian Social Values, Attitudes and Young People’s Entrepreneurial Intention: A Finnish Contribution

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In this study, young people’s attitudes towards entrepreneurship are examined in the Helsinki-Uusimaa region of Finland. The theoretical framework of the study links with attitude research, in particular Ajzen’s theory of planned behavior. The second perspective is based on discussions of the welfare state and social values. In the study, it is asked what social psychological factors explain young people’s entrepreneurial intentions. Survey data (N = 873) were collected in electronic format from secondary and vocational schools. The questions were based on a multiple-choice Likert-scale. The analysis was undertaken using statistical methods, especially regression analysis. The results are mainly consistent with the theory of planned behavior: subjective norms and perceived control explain entrepreneurial intention. However, dependence between general entrepreneurial attitudes and entrepreneurial intention is not significant. The results demonstrate that there is no relation between social values and entrepreneurial intention in the Finnish context. Typically in social sciences, entrepreneurial discourse is linked to neo-liberal policy but, according to this study, entrepreneurship is a neutral issue among Finnish young people.
"I have yet much to say about the Negroes": Catharine Flood McCall's Slave Enterprises in Early Republican Virginia

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Popular historians of slavery in early national Virginia depict a society composed of large plantations as places of work and residence over which wealthy men presided as planters, masters, and patriarchs. But in the first two decades of the nineteenth century in Virginia, an especially well-documented slave-based business departs from this normative historical image. As the richest woman and largest female slave-owner in Essex County between 1800 and 1820, the unmarried Catharine Flood McCall owned twenty-nine slaves. These slaves did not toil in any field; instead, they labored as blacksmiths in McCall’s nail-making factories located in the bustling cities of Richmond and Alexandria. McCall also profited from hiring out her blacksmiths to white men who rented rather than purchased forced labor. While historians have studied manufacturing and slave renting in rapidly industrializing urban settings during these decades, few have examined women’s roles in these enterprises. As a master who was the ninth largest slave-owner in a county where over 92 percent of female taxpayers owned slaves in 1800, who owned two nail manufactories in two different cities, and who profited by renting her slaves’ skills to white men, McCall reveals the role of women as urban slave masters. Her extraordinary cache of legal documents demonstrates that female urban slaveholders did not always retreat behind the cover of male managers. They depended on middling men as managers, merchants, agents, and overseers, but they closely supervised those intermediaries. McCall made the key decisions that affected her human property. My paper argues that the myth of the rural plantation owner, accompanied by a mistress who governed the interior spaces of the “big house,” does not fully reflect the different kinds of masteries that emerged in light of a growing market economy in urban centers like Richmond and Alexandria. I contend that women like McCall could serve as masters over their urban slaves, even when living far from the sites of slave labor. Her experiences offer a test case for analyzing female mastery during a period of expanding urban enterprise in early national Virginia.
Preface to the Fifth Edition

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The climate surrounding foreign investment law is one of controversy and change, and with implications for human rights and environmental protection, foreign investment law has gained widespread public attention and visibility. This fully updated edition of Sornarajah's classic text offers thought-provoking analysis of the law in historical, political and economic contexts, capturing leading trends and charting the possible course of future developments. It takes into account the newer types of treaties that establish a regulatory space for states and moves away from inflexible investment protection, exploring the newly created defences relating to environment, human rights, indigenous rights and other areas ending the fragmentation of the law. It looks at the current debates on legitimacy of the system and current efforts at reform. Suitable for postgraduate and undergraduate students, The International Law on Foreign Investment is essential reading for anyone specialising in the law of foreign investments.
Carthamus lanatus L. (Asteraceae: Clynareae) - A Potentially Serious Plant Pest in Oklahoma

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Plants in an isolated population in McClain County, Oklahoma, have been identified as distaff thistle, Carthamus lanatus L. The plant is widely distributed in Eurasia, Australia, and in California, but it has not been reported previously in Oklahoma. It has some potential applications in dyes and edible oils, but it reduces grazing values of land and has become a serious pest in Australia and some other locations. Because seed dispersion is rather slow during usual conditions in Oklahoma, current efforts to eliminate the McClain County infestation should protect adjacent areas.
The energy balance of Earth’s tectonosphere

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Concentrations of K, U, and Th in rocks of the Earth's crust and upper mantle of platforms, geosynclines, and oceans have been analyzed. Respective values of radiogenic heat generation in upper mantle rocks of the aforementioned types of regions are 0.04, 0.06, and 0.08 μW/m3. As far as platforms are concerned, heat generation there has been found to correlate with geological history, heat flow, and deep-seated temperatures. The energy preservation law in geological processes has been shown to hold.
Occurrence Download

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A dataset containing 6139 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query: { "and" : [ "TaxonKey is Spodoptera frugiperda J.E.Smith, 1797", "HasCoordinate is true", "HasGeospatialIssue is false", "OccurrenceStatus is Present", "Year is greater than or equal to 2000", { "or" : [ "CoordinateUncertaintyInMeters is less than 5000", "CoordinateUncertaintyInMeters is null" ] }, { "not" : { "BasisOfRecord" : [ "is one of (Fossil, Machine Observation, Unknown evidence)" ] } } ] } The dataset includes 6139 records from 46 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0046812-250525065834625/datasets/export for details. Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
Can Change Probability Contextual Information Improve the Change Identification Process?

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The visual world is extremely complex, so unconscious mechanisms exist to autonomously direct attention to objects with behavioral importance. One such mechanism – contextual cueing – utilizes the visual context of a scene to focus attention. Therefore, because contextual information unconsciously influences human visual perception, its role in enabling individuals to process scenes is of great interest. This study examined whether contextual information regarding change probability can facilitate the process of change identification. MATLAB and Psychophysics Toolbox Version 3 were used to present abstract scenes in a one-shot change blindness paradigm. Two types of scenes were presented: one in which context was predictive of change likelihood, the other in which context was non-predictive of change likelihood. The accuracy with which subjects detected and localized changes in both scene types was compared, but no significant difference in accuracy was found. This observation suggests that contextual information regarding change probability alone is insufficient to improve the change identification accuracy. Subsequently, it may be that even when individuals are aware that a visual scene is likely to change, they still require additional contextual cues to improve change identification.
Rhetoric and Tradition: John Chrysostom on Noah and the Flood. By HAGIT AMIRAV.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The great merit of this study is its careful attention to exactly what Chrysostom was doing in his homiletic exegesis of Noah and the Flood, and its remarkable trawling of other early Christian exegetical treatment of this narrative in order to trace similarities and differences in traditions of interpretation. The book is the published version of an Oxford D.Phil. thesis presented in the sub-faculty of Ancient History. The author rightly contends that ‘patristic literature is not only the business of theologians, but of all who are interested in the propagation of ideas in late antiquity’ (p. 3). He also stresses the important point that Christian rhetoric evidences not only the impact of the classical corpus, but also that of an ‘additional set of rules, defined by the unique framework of the Scriptures’ (p. 4). Other interesting features of the book are: (a) the demonstration that the homilist was as much the scholar as the commentator (pace Theodore's well-known comment); (b) the reaction against audience-oriented readings of Chrysostom.
An unusual case of talon cusp on geminated tooth.

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

A rare case of talon cusp on geminated permanent central incisor is described. These developmental anomalies cause clinical problems including unsightly dental appearance, occlusal interference, displacement of the affected tooth, attrition, periodontopathy, irritation of the tongue, loss of space and malocclusion. Clinical and radiographic characteristics of these anomalies and modes of treatment are presented. Recognition of this condition and early diagnosis are important to avoid complications.