jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Conditional genetic deletion of CSF1 receptor in microglia ameliorates the physiopathology of Alzheimer’s disease

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract

BackgroundAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder and the most common form of dementia in the world. Microglia are the innate immune cells of CNS, their proliferation, activation and survival in pathologic and healthy brain have previously been shown to be highly dependent on CSF1R.MethodsHere we investigate the impact of such receptor on AD etiology and microglia. We deleted CSF1R using Cre/Lox system, the knock-out (KO) is restricted to microglia in the APP/PS1 mouse model. We induced the knock-out at 3-month-old, before plaque formation and evaluated both 6 and 8-month-old groups of mice.ResultsOur findings demonstrated that CSF1R KO did not impair microglial survival and proliferation at 6 and 8 months of age in APP cKO compared to their littermate controls groups APPSwe/PS1. We have also shown that cognitive decline is delayed in CSF1R-deleted mice. Ameliorations of AD etiology is associated with a decrease in plaque volume in cortex and hippocampus area. A compensating system seems to take place following the knock-out, since TREM2/β-Catenin and IL-34 expression are significantly increased. Such a compensatory mechanism may promote microglial survival and phagocytosis of Aβ in the brain.ConclusionsOur results provide new insights on the role of CSF1R in microglia and how it interacts with the TREM2/β-Catenin and IL-34 system to clear Aβ and ameliorates the physiopathology of AD.
Ageing societies and challenges for collective bargaining policy

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The ongoing demographic changes in the industrialised countries mean not only that the ratio of pensioners to the number of people working has increased and is projected to continue to do so, but also that the average age of the labour force is increasing. These developments confront collective bargaining policy with new challenges as the size and characteristics of the labour supply change, as do the interests of the median trade union member. The following article examines these challenges using the example of Germany.
The Reheat Gas Turbine With Steam-Blade Cooling—A Means of Increasing Reheat Pressure, Output, and Combined Cycle Efficiency

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

The reheat (RH) pressure can be appreciably increased by applying steam cooling to the gas-generator (GG) turbine blading which in turn allows a higher RH firing temperature for a fixed exhaust temperature. These factors increase gas turbine output and raise combined-cycle efficiency. The GG turbine blading will approach “uncooled expansion efficiency”. Eliminating cooling air increases the gas turbine RH pressure by 10.6 percent. When steam is used (injected) as the blade coolant, additional GG work is also developed which further increases the RH pressure by another 12.0 percent to yield a total increase of approximately 22.6 percent. The 38-cycle pressure ratio 2400° F (1316° C) TIT GG studied produces a respectable 6.5 power turbine expansion ratio. The higher pressure also noticeably reduces the physical size of the RH combustor. This paper presents an analysis of the RH pressure rise when applying steam to blade cooling.
An Improved Method for Calibration Between a 2D Lidar and a Camera Based on Point-Line Correspondences

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The paper depicts an improved method for calibration parameters, which is a 2D homography, using point-line correspondences. The correspondences are the edge lines of the board provided by camera and the intersection points obtained by lidar. Particularly, a data preprocessing method is put forward and exploited to dramatically reduce the lidar’s measurement error. Afterwards, we use a triangular board to establish constraints. At least 8 correspondences are employed to compute the initial value, and the final result is optimized by L-M algorithm. Massive experimental results show that proposed method has about 1 pixel improvement, compared with the previous methods.
The Effect of a Bottom Shelf Front upon the Generation and Propagation of Near-Inertial Internal Waves in the Coastal Ocean

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract A three-dimensional nonlinear baroclinic model in cross-sectional form is used to study the generation and propagation of wind-forced near-inertial internal waves in a coastal region in the presence of a bottom front. Initially calculations are performed with the front in an infinite domain region. By this means coastal effects are removed. The initial response is in terms of inertial oscillations in the surface layer. However, in the frontal area these are modified by interaction through the nonlinear momentum terms with regions of positive and negative vorticity associated with the alongfront flow. This leads to a change in amplitude, phase, and frequency of the inertial current, and a resulting Ekman pumping that drives near-inertial internal waves in the frontal region. On the positive vorticity side of the front these waves are at the superinertial frequency and rapidly propagate away. On the negative side they are at the subinertial frequency and are trapped and inertial energy leaks to depth. Calculations with a coastal boundary and no front show that the offshore propagation of near-inertial waves is similar to that found on the positive vorticity side of the front. This shows that in terms of superinertial internal wave generation and propagation the front acts in a similar manner to a coastal boundary. However, with a coastal boundary, inertial currents below the thermocline are phase shifted by 180° from those above. This phase shift is only found in the frontal case when the front is adjacent to a coast and is due to the no-normal-flow condition at the coast. For the case of a stratified region between the coast and the front, near-inertial energy is trapped in this region and is dissipated at a rate depending upon the local value of vertical eddy viscosity. The offshore spatial distribution of near-inertial internal waves is found to be independent of whether the coastal region is represented by a vertical wall or a more realistic sloping seabed. However, in the case of a weak coastal front, the near-frontal distribution of near-inertial energy is influenced by the horizontal spatial variability of stratification within the front.
Use of A Double-Covered Stent-in-Stent Technique to Manage Persistent Coronary Perforation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A sixty-four year old man with a previous history of CABG was referred for coronary angiography that revealed a critical stenosis of the right posterior descending artery at the anastomosis point of the saphenous vein graft (Figure A).Percutaneous intervention was initiated by engagement of the saphenous graft ostium with a 6F JR guiding catheter, followed by crossing the lesion with a hydrophilic guidewire.A drug-eluting stent, 2.25 x 23 mm in size, (Xience, Abbott Vascular, USA) was implanted at 14 atm pressure.Control angiography revealed a marked Ellis type IV coronary perforation with leakage of blood into the pericardial cavity (Figure B).Subsequently, the patient deteriorated hemodynamically with severe chest pain and hypotension.Echocardiography showed a marked pericardial effusion along with right ventricular collapse.Protamine sulfate was used to reverse anticoagulation followed by administration of IV fl uids and emergency pericardiocentesis.A 2.5 x 15 mm balloon (Sprinter Legend, Medtronic, USA) was advanced for 10 minutes of prolonged infl ation, which failed to heal the perforation (Figure C).A 2.80 x 19 mm covered stent (Graftmaster, Abbott Vascular, USA) was implanted at the level of the perforation.Control angiography showed persistence of the perforation with ongoing pulsatile fl ow (Figure D).A second covered stent, 2.80 x 16 mm in size, (Graftmaster, Abbott Vascular, USA) was implanted inside the fi rst stent and post-dilated for 5 minutes (Figure E).Fortunately, the perforation healed without leakage shown by control angiography, with good distal fl ow (Figure F).The patient was safely taken to the coronary care unit for hemodynamic stabilization and uneventfully discharged the next day after demonstration of no pericardial effusion on control echocardiography.This case appears to offer solutions to a life-threatening coronary perforation in the catheterization laboratory with its unique feature of implantation of two covered-stents.
Optical signal-to-noise ratio monitoring based on tracking of principal states of polarization

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Feature Issue on Optical Performance Monitoring (OPM). We propose and demonstrate a simple method for monitoring optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) of each channel in wavelength-division multiplexing networks based on tracking of principal states of polarization (PSP) and scrambling at the transmitter part. This technique reduces measurement error caused by the effect of PMD, which limits the performance of a previous polarization extinction method. PSP tracking uses bandpass-filtered power at clock frequency for a non-return-to-zero signal as a feedback signal to separate the two PSPs by aligning them to the axes of a polarization beam splitter (PBS). The scrambling makes it possible to extinguish the polarization of an optical signal from one output of the PBS and to provide maximum and minimum optical powers, thus enabling us to obtain OSNR regardless of the effect of PMD. In a transmission experiment over a 400-km single-mode fiber-dispersion-compensating fiber (SMF+DCF) link, the results showed that the difference between the OSNRs measured by use of the proposed method and by an optical spectrum analyzer (OSA) was less than 1.0 dB.
Base‐Induced 1,3‐Sigmatropic Rearrangement of Mesitylphosphonium Salts

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Attempted synthesis of the ylide dianion [2,4,6‐Me 3 C 6 H 2 P(CHR) 3 ] 2– (2,4,6‐Me 3 C 6 H 2 = mesityl, R = H or Me) by the reaction of mesitylphosphonium iodides [2,4,6‐Me 3 C 6 H 2 PR 3 ] + I – (R = Me, 1 ; R = Et, 2 ) with t BuLi at reflux does not result in the anticipated deprotonation of the phosphorus‐bonded R groups. Instead, quantitative 1,3‐sigmatropic rearrangement occurs to give new benzylic phosphonium salts [(3,5‐Me 2 C 6 H 3 )CH 2 PR 3 ] + I – (R = Me, 6 ; R = Et, 7 ), in which the phosphonium centre, the R 3 P group, is transferred to an ortho ‐CH 3 group. In situ 31 P NMR spectroscopic studies show that the reaction is base‐activated and stoichiometric with respect to t BuLi. DFT calculations support the conclusion that the rearrangement is thermodynamically favourable in the gas phase and in THF and show that the rearrangement is enthalpically driven.
Diversity of butterflies in four different forest types in Mount Slamet, Central Java, Indonesia

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Widhiono I. 2015. Diversity of butterflies in four different forest types in Mount Slamet, Central Java, Indonesia.Biodiversitas 16: 196-204. The study was carried out in four different habitat types (secondary forest, plantation forest, agroforest, andtourist area) on the southern slope of Mount Slamet, Baturaden Forest, Central Java, Indonesia from July 2009 to August 2010. A totalof 99 species belonging to eight families showed a dominance of Nymphalidae (30 species) followed by Pieridae (17 species),Lycaenidae (15 species), Papilionidae (13 species), Satyridae (11 species), Danaidae (6 species), Amathusidae (4 species), andRiodinidae (3 species). From the 99 butterflies species found on the southern slope of Mount Slamet, 32 species (30%) were specific tothe forest, whereas 63 species (60.6%) were common to all habitats sampled, and the last 10 species (9.4%) were endemics species withone protected species (Troides helena). The present results was showed that butterflies diversity, abundance, and endemism is stillrelatively high, representing 18% of all butterfly species found in Java and supporting 71.4% endemic species found in Central Java.The plantation forest were contributed the highest diversity and abundance of butterfly species, whereas the agroforest showed thelowest diversity, abundance, and endemism. Among all habitats surveyed, the secondary forest represented the most suitable habitat forbiodiversity conservation and maintenance of rare and endemic species.
Mach cones and dijets - jet quenching and fireball expansion dynamics

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The energy loss of a hard parton is regarded as a useful tool to probe properties of a soft medium. However, the information obtained by a measurement of the nuclear suppression R_AA is not very sensitive to medium properties. Thus, more differential observables are needed. Here we focus on the pattern of angular correlation of hadrons associated with a hard trigger. These show rich pattern when going from low p_T to high p_T associate momentum. At low p_T, the pattern of associate hadrons can be understood in terms of Mach shocks excited by the energy lost from the away side parton while the parton itself is absorbed by the medium. At high p_T, fluid dynamics is not applicable any more and the correlations become dominated by the punchtrough of the away side parton with subsequent fragmentation. We present an analysis of these phenomena taking into account the full expansion dynamics of soft matter and show how both transverse and longitudinal expansion play a crucial role in understanding the data.
Sergei I. Rudenko. Frozen Tombs of Siberia: The Pazyryk Burials of Iron Age Horsemen. Translated and with a preface by M. W. Thompson. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press. 1970. Pp. xxxvi, 340, 180 plates. $30.00

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Sergei I. Rudenko. Frozen Tombs of Siberia: The Pazyryk Burials of Iron Age Horsemen. Translated and with a preface by M. W. Thompson. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press. 1970. Pp. xxxvi, 340, 180 plates. $30.00 Get access Rudenko Sergei I.. Frozen Tombs of Siberia: The Pazyryk Burials of Iron Age Horsemen. Translated and with a preface by Thompson M. W.. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press. 1970. Pp. xxxvi, 340, 180 plates. $30.00. Bernard S. Bachrach Bernard S. Bachrach University of Minnesota Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The American Historical Review, Volume 76, Issue 3, June 1971, Page 754, https://doi.org/10.1086/ahr/76.3.754 Published: 01 June 1971
A long noncoding RNA positively regulates CD56 in human natural killer cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Natural killer (NK) cells are innate immune lymphocytes that play critical roles in host defense against viral infection and surveillance against malignant transformation. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are important immune system regulators. Here, we analyzed human primary lymphocyte lncRNA expression profiles to identify NK-lncRNA signatures. We detected numerous novel NK-specific lncRNAs with potential roles in regulating human NK cell differentiation and function. Expression of lnc-CD56, an NK-specific lncRNA, was positively correlated with that of CD56, a classical human NK cell surface marker. We showed that lnc-CD56 may function as a positive regulator of CD56 in primary human NK cells and differentiated NK cells from human CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells. Our data provide an annotated human NK cell lncRNA expression catalog and demonstrate a key role for lncRNAs in NK cell biology.
A Prognostic Model for Survival in Patients with Gastric Signet Ring Cell Carcinoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> The objective of our study was to develop a nomogram to predict overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) in patients with gastric signet ring cell carcinoma (GSRCC). <b><i>Methods:</i></b> A total of 3,408 GSRCC patients between 1975 and 2017 were screened from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database and randomly divided into training and validation cohorts. Univariate and multivariate Cox analyses were conducted to identify independent prognostic factors for the construction of a nomogram. The performance of the model was then assessed by the concordance index (C-index), calibration plot, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Then, the novel nomogram was further assessed by 64 GSRCC patients from our hospital as the external cohort. <b><i>Results:</i></b> We identified age, tumor lymph node metastasis (TNM) staging system, surgery, and chemotherapy as significant independent elements of prognosis. On this basis, a nomogram was constructed, with a C-index of OS in the training and validation cohorts of 0.763 (95% CI: 0.751–0.774) and 0.766 (95% CI: 0.748–0.784) and a C-index of CSS of 0.765 (95% CI: 0.753–0.777) and 0.773 (95% CI: 0.755–0.791), respectively. The AUCs of the nomogram for predicting 2- and 5-year OS were 0.848 and 0.885, respectively, and those for predicting CSS were 0.854 and 0.899, respectively, demonstrating the excellent predictive value of the constructed nomogram compared to the traditional AJCC staging system. Similar results were also observed in both the internal and external validation sets. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> The nomogram provided an accurate tool to predict OS and CSS in patients with GSRCC, which can assist clinicians in making predictions about individual patient survival.
Phase diagram of the Anderson-Falicov-Kimball model at half filling

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We study the Falicov-Kimball model [Phys. Rev. Lett. 22, 997 (1969)] at half-filling in the presence of on-site disorder. Using dynamical mean-field theory, we evaluate densities of states appropriately averaged over a continuous distribution of local energies, identifying the phases that appear upon varying the Coulomb interaction and disorder strength. We focus on the existence and stability of the chessboard ordered state, including it in the complete phase diagram.
Species relationships and phylogenetic diversity of the African genus Encephalartos Lehm. (Zamiaceae)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The African endemic cycad genus Encephalartos consists of 68 extant taxa, that are of great conservation concern as 85% are threatened (CR, EN, or VU) and four, are extinct in the wild (EW). Due to there being no formally published monographs for the genus, there is lack of consensus on taxonomically significant characters. This lack of clarity regarding the species relationships and access to several taxa have made researching this group challenging. Nevertheless, numerous studies have proven that this genus has low levels of genetic variation over a wide distribution. The aim of this study was to produce the most robust phylogenetic reconstruction of Encephalartos to date. This was done by using markers from three different genomes – plastid (rbcL, matK-trnK, trnH-psbA, cab), mitochondrial (nad1) and nuclear (26S, AGAMOUS, NEEDLY, nrITS1) – for all currently accepted taxa. The results obtained show an increase in resolution for both the backbone and species level relationships compared to previous work. This genus can be separated into five new geographic groups – northern African, central African, eastern African, Mozambican-Zimbabwean, and southern African. There is also an indication that the evolution of the southern African group is driven by a form of reproductive isolation. Further studies on this group should be approached systematically based on the foundation provided by the linages that are shown in this study.
The effect of hand training in patients with Welander distal myopathy and Myotonic dystrophy type 1

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The overall aim was to study and gain knowledge about the effects of hand training on both functional capacity such as hand function and Activities of Daily Living (ADL) in patients with Welander distal myopathy (WDM) and Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1). The thesis comprises three interventional studies regarding the effects of hand training in patients with WDM (Study I) and DM1 (Studies II & IV), and one reliability study (Study III) including test-retest and inter-rater reliability of four hand function testing instruments used in Study IV. Study IV was a single-blinded longitudinal randomised control trial (RCT) with a crossover design, i.e. a follow-up on the criterion-related single-case study with five DM1 patients (Study II). Functional data were collected by using different hand function testing instruments including the Grippit® (Studies I-IV), Grip Ability Test (GAT) (Studies III-IV), hand-held Myometer (Microfet2™) (Studies II-IV), Purdue Pegboard (Studies II-IV), Manual Muscle Testing (MMT; 0-5 scale) (Study I) and finger goniometer (Study I). Self-rated myotonia using a VAS scale was added as an outcome measure in Study II. ADL were evaluated using the areas of the ADL taxonomy in a structured verbal interview (Study I), and the Canadian Model of Occupational Performance (COPM) (Studies II and IV). Assessment of Motor and Process Skills (AMPS) was evaluated in Study IV. Life satisfaction was evaluated using a modified version of the Life Satisfaction Checklist (LiSat9) in Study I. Fourteen WDM patients were included in Study I, five DM1 patients were included in Study II, 16 WDM patients and DM1 patients, respectively, participated in Study III and 35 DM1 patients were enrolled in Study IV. The reliability study (Study III) showed mainly good–very good (intra-class correlation coefficient 0.61) intrarater (test-retest) and inter-rater reliability in three out of four instruments, specifically the Grippit®, the handheld Myometer (Microfet2™) and the Purdue Pegboard. The three interventional studies (Studies I-II & IV) all included a period of three months of hand training with resistance putties, both guided and self-training. The results of the these studies show that hand training in WDM and DM1 patients is safe, with minor but significant improvements in hand function.
Load-Time Failure Envelopes for Suction Caissons Under Sustained Vertical Loading

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Suction caissons are established as a reliable anchoring system to moor a range of offshore floating facilities. Under sustained loads, generally characterized by long durations, the caisson holding capacity against uplift loading, that relies on suction pressures induced within and at the base of the soil plug, is expected to reduce over time, due to the equalization of pore water pressures. The scarcity of studies addressing this sustained loading problem has motivated this study, in which the response of suction caissons in soft clay subjected to sustained vertical uplift loads is investigated through finite element simulations and centrifuge model tests. Results are presented in the form of failure envelopes in the load-time plane, correlating, for each failure mechanism detected, the load level to the corresponding holding time. The findings of this study are considered useful for concept design purposes, when sustained loads govern the caisson design.