jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Christopher Martin Dobson. 8 October 1949—8 September 2019

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Christopher Martin Dobson was a distinguished biophysical chemist who earned an international reputation for his work on protein folding, misfolding and aggregation. Protein folding is a crucial process in biochemistry where a protein transitions from a disordered state to a structured, three-dimensional form after being synthesized by a ribosome. This transformation is essential for the protein to attain its biological functionality. The intricate folding pathway is guided by various interactions between amino acids within the protein chain. When protein folding goes awry, it can lead to misfolded proteins, which are associated with various disorders such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. The study of protein folding and misfolding has significant implications for both basic science and medical research. Chris's career spanned almost five decades, resulted in more than 870 publications and established a legacy that will influence the lives of many for decades to come. His outstanding mentorship resulted in some 100 of his former students and post-docs taking up independent positions at academic institutions in all parts of the world, while his research work has left a lasting imprint on the biophysical sciences and inspired an entire generation of research scientists.
Genome Sequences of Eight Morphologically Diverse Alphaproteobacteria

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT The Alphaproteobacteria comprise morphologically diverse bacteria, including many species of stalked bacteria. Here we announce the genome sequences of eight alphaproteobacteria, including the first genome sequences of species belonging to the genera Asticcacaulis , Hirschia , Hyphomicrobium , and Rhodomicrobium .
Breeding cucumber for quality improvement

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Cucumber quality traits like fruit colour, shape, size and its nutritional quality are of prime importance for breeders to improve the crop. Quality in vegetables is a complex character influenced by both genetical and environmental factors. Breeding for quality has been unsystematic and often empirical but significant progress has been made in several vegetable crops. Conventional breeding in conjunction with biotechnology has bright prospects of developing vegetable varieties high in nutraceuticals, edible colours and bioactive compounds suitable for fresh market as well as for food industry. The final goal of cucumber breeding programmes is to develop new improved varieties having elite combinations of many desirable horticultural characteristics. Consumers are seeking new nutritionally rich vegetable varieties/hybrids for new nutrient rich cuisines, different quality attributes and improved convenience and are ready to pay a premium for such produce if their expectations are met and under these circumstances cucumber rich in quality aspect is most demanding.
Gas-phase free radical reactions in the glow-discharge deposition of hydrogenated amorphous silicon from silane and disilane

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

An analysis of a measurement by Matsuda and co-workers of the lifetimes of the free radicals involved in the glow-discharge deposition of amorphous hydrogenated silicon from silane and disilane at 20-mTorr pressure is consistent with the hypothesis that SiH or SiH2, but not SiH3, is the dominant radical in the deposition from silane at that pressure.
Stakeholders’ Views on Mobile Applications to Deliver Infant and Toddler Feeding Education to Latina Mothers of Low Socioeconomic Status

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Infant- and toddler-feeding (ITF) practices are critical to long-term health and chronic disease prevention. Using mobile applications (apps) to promote desirable ITF practices shows promise for overcoming challenges of in-person education. However, the viability of ITF apps for Latina mothers of low-socioeconomic status (SES) remains unclear. The objective of this study was to characterize stakeholders’ views on Latina mothers’ capability, motivation, and barriers to using ITF apps. New York City-based health professionals who frequently engage with Latina mothers of low SES completed in-depth interviews. Directed content analysis was used to identify themes through theoretical and inductive codes. Participants included dietitians, nutrition educators, and physicians (n = 17). The following themes were identified: (1) Most Latina mothers of low-SES are tech-savvy (i.e., high capability and experience using smartphones and apps); (2) Apps are an appealing way to deliver ITF education; (3) There are challenges to using apps that must be carefully considered for ITF education development. Overall, ITF apps are a viable option as skills and use appear high among Latina mothers. Key considerations for app development include targeted app promotion; detailed instructions for obtaining and using app; more visuals, less text for low literacy and multiple dialects; making key features available offline.
GENDER AND ETHNIC VARIATION IN LOVE MARRIAGE IN URBAN MALAYSIA

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Using a data set (n = 1,967) collected in Kuala Lumpur in 2002, this paper examines ethnic differences in love marriage in urban Malaysia. Data analysis shows that the majority of the marriages among both the Malays and the Chinese are based on free choice. Data analysis also shows that Chinese are more likely than Malays to report love marriages when major background characteristics are controlled. However, the differences between Malay men and Chinese men fade away when background characteristics are controlled, whereas no similar patterns are found among women. These findings indicate that Malay women have a lower degree of autonomy in the marriage market than their Muslim brothers. Findings from this research thus suggest a new interpretation of the effect of Malay culture and status attainment on inter-group differences in marriage in Malaysia.
From Beasts to Bedlam: Hadfield, the Regency Crisis, M'Naghten and the “mad” Business in Britain, 1788–1843

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This article explores the significance of the Hadfield case to the British legal system's views on criminal insanity. Hadfield's successful defense is analyzed in connection with the “regency crisis” involving King George III, whose enlightened views of the treatment of the insane, following his own “recovery” through the ministrations of the “mad doctors” of the time, had a profound influence on both the case and general societal attitudes toward the mad. Hadfield's unsuccessful attempt to assassinate George resulted in a trial at which Thomas Erskine was able to secure for the first time in British history the “statutory special verdict,” a defense of partial insanity.
Robust Real-Time Voltage Control Considering Load Uncertainty in High PV-Penetrated Distribution Network

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

In real-time voltage control, the uncertainty of load needs to be considered because there are not enough measuring devices. In addition, the OLTC and CB operations in the distribution network are generally determined in day ahead scheduling or other long time-scales optimization, simultaneously, the outlet power of distribution network substation is also determined. The outlet power is used as a refence in the real-time voltage control. To overcome the load uncertainty in the multi-time scales framework, a robust realtime voltage control is proposed. The proposed method takes the scheduled outlet power of substation into consideration, utilizes the real-time energy balance of distribution network, and aims to achieve the expected voltage range control, minimize the active power curtailment. The simulation is performed in a modified IEEE-33bus test system. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified.
Management of oral cancer in late stages: a review.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Sixty cases of oral cancer (2 were of stage II and other 58 were of stage III and stage IV) were treated and observed over a period of 2 years. In patients of oral cancer with bone involvement and mobile cervical nodes (44 cases) local excision which included partial or hemimandibulectomy with radical neck node dissection was performed. Out of these 44 cases, 18 cases received radiotherapy pre-operatively and 26 cases postoperatively. Better results were observed in these cases. When the growth was inaccessible and/or nodes were fixed (13 cases) radiotherapy was found to be suitable. Fistula formation and reconstructive flap necrosis were common following surgery after radiotherapy. Combined modalities of treatment with pre- and postoperative radiotherapy and radical neck node dissection showed excellent results (86.4%) in majority of cases. The remaining one patient received chemotherapy and local excision was performed in 2 cases.
Research progress on immunological features and immunotherapy strategies of Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia infected by SARS-Cov-2

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A review Since Dec 2019, there has been an outbreak of novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) epidemic in China Immunol features of COVID-19 have a potential value for clin diagnosis and treatment This review discusses the importance of immune homeostasis in COVID-19, and provides several suggestions on immunoprophylaxis and immunotherapy for COVID-19
The BSNL Saga: Individual Volition vs. Systemic Coercion in Voluntary Retirement Schemes

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abhishek has spent most of his life working for a public enterprise, Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (BSNL), engaged in providing telecom services. As he nears his silver jubilee with BSNL, a hard decision of whether to opt for Voluntary Retirement Scheme (VRS) is thrust on him. Looking back at his career, Abhishek has several positive takeaways and believes he has more than a decade to offer his beloved organisation. However, Abhishek is also cognizant of many factors that structurally push him toward the singular alternative of separation, and the degree of volition in his decision appears strangulated.
Sequential Method for the Electrophoretic Analysis of Barley Varieties, Including Computer Storage and Matching of Banding Patterns

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A new approach to identify barley varieties by isoelectric focusing of three separate protein fractions is presented. Thin-layer agarose isoelectric focusing gels are used to separate hordeins, albumins/globulins, and peroxidase isoenzymes. The technique is suitable for fingerprinting or purity testing. A digital image of the gel is captured by a flatbed scanner. A computer program stores the barley banding patterns in a library, defined by isoelectric point values determined from reference tracks. The library function allows three databases to be constructed for each variety. Each unknown pattern may be sequentially compared to the stored patterns from all three methods to enable a match. Twenty-one varieties were examined and could be uniquely identified with the sequential analysis approach.
A Study of Hiring Discrimination Using Factorial Survey Experiments: Theoretical and Methodological Insights

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This dissertation provides new insights into the study of hiring discrimination related to three dimensions of inequality: gender, ethnicity, and unemployment. Scholars within sociology of work and labor economics widely agree that hiring discrimination based on these dimensions exists. However, the question of who is most affected beyond the classical look at single dimensions is less clear, as are the conditions under which hiring discrimination occurs. Focusing on young labor market entrants, I address these questions with two empirical studies using factorial survey experiments. First, I study how applicants’ gender and unemployment interactively shape recruiters’ hiring intentions in sex-segregated occupations. Second, I study the role of recruiter nationality in hiring discrimination against foreigners in Luxembourg. Moreover, while factorial surveys are increasingly applied in the study of hiring discrimination, they have been criticized for exhibiting low external validity. This dissertation empirically addresses how to overcome this criticism by improving the design of factorial surveys currently applied in employer studies. Specifically, I study whether designs based on real vacancies trigger more valid judgements compared to designs based on hypothetical vacancies. Overall, the findings of this dissertation support the relevance of hiring discrimination for labor market inequalities related to gender, ethnicity, and unemployment, but suggest that the mechanisms underlying hiring discrimination related to these dimensions are more nuanced. First, this dissertation suggests that occupational sex segregation might matter for how unemployment shapes recruiters’ hiring intentions towards men and women. Second, while foreign applicants might generally have better hiring chances if the recruiter is foreign, foreign applicants having the same nationality as the recruiter might benefit less from this situation. Finally, this dissertation provides first evidence that using hypothetical vacancies constitutes a valid approach to study recruiter decision-making within the limits of factorial surveys.
Effect of weight on willingness to pay separately for physical and computer condition.

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

<p>Error bars show the within-subject standard errors of the mean [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0127619#pone.0127619.ref050" target="_blank">50</a>,<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0127619#pone.0127619.ref051" target="_blank">51</a>] and are therefore only informative for evaluating within-subject differences between wearing wristbands with weight (black) vs. no weight (grey).</p>
Using the Limited Capacity Model of Motivated Mediated Message Processing to Design Effective Cancer Communication Messages

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This paper applies the limited capacity model of motivated mediated messages (LC4MP) to the problem of creating effective messages about cancer. A general description of the model is presented and then applied specifically to the task of creating effective cancer communication messages by asking the following questions about cancer communication: (a) What is the goal of the message? (b) Who is in the target market? (c) What medium will carry the message? and (d) What is the motivational and personal relevance of the main information in the message for the majority of people in the target market? The paper concludes that cancer is a motivationally relevant topic that will elicit aversive activation. Target markets for various types of cancer-related messages (e.g., smokers or people of a certain age) will process mediated messages in predictably different ways making certain design decisions better for certain target markets. Both structural and content elements of messages interact with the limited capacity information processing system to impact resource allocation, which in turn determines how well messages are encoded, stored, and retrieved at a decision point. Individual differences in peoples' motivational activation influence both their tendencies to engage in risky behaviors that increase the probabilities of getting cancer and their processing of health-related messages. Future research from this perspective should be done to optimize cancer messages for specific target audiences using specific media.
PRODUCTION OF CALCIUM- AND IRON-BINDING PEPTIDES BY PROBIOTIC STRAINS OF Bacillus subtilis, B. clausii AND B. coagulans GBI-30

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Some strains of Bacillus subtilis, B. clausii and B. coagulans are commercially used as probiotic bacteria and their proteolytic activity is well known. The aim of this work was to evaluate their capacity to produce calcium- and ironbinding peptides when grown in culture media with different nitrogen sources. The fermentation media included broths containing tryptic soy (TS), casein peptone (CP), soy peptone (SP), and a crude phycobiliprotein extract (CPE). Cell-free supernatants (CFS) were prepared from the fermented media after 24, 48 and 72 h of fermentation and, tested for degree of hydrolysis (DH). Calcium- and iron-binding activities were determined as well. When the inocula were prepared in a medium designed for the production of alkaline proteases (AP), the degree of hydrolysis and the mineral-binding activity in the CFS were higher. The best results for calcium-binding activity and DH were obtained when B. subtilis and B. coagulans grew in a CPE-containing medium. Analogous results were found for the iron-binding activity; nevertheless, this bioactivity was also high for B. clausii when grown in broths containing TS-, CP- and, SP.
A NOTE ON ABSOLUTE NÖRLUND SUMMABILITY

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Communicated by L. Leindler ABSTRACT. In this paper a main theorem on |N, pn|k summability factors, which generalizes a result of Bor [2] on |N, pn | summability factors, has been proved. Key words and phrases: Nörlund summability, summability factors, power increasing sequences. 2000 Mathematics Subject Classification. 40D15, 40F05, 40G05. 1.
Plasma-chloride Levels in Hyperparathyroidism

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

One vaginal examination at six weeks should be quite sufficient in the majority of cases.Where symptoms or signs suggest erosion, infection, or sub-involution, then by all means modify this, but I cannot accept that it must always be done routinely, and particularly so on the-tenth day.Likewise, if one has followed the haemoglobin ante- natally and it has been satisfactory prior to delivery; and one has been present at delivery and estimated the total loss to be minimal, why repeat it ?Isn't this meddlesome midwifery-or is it just that I am " not with it " ?-I am, etc., West Malling, Kent.J. STUART BROWN.SIR,-Dr.John Gibbens (11 July, p. 125) may be right in contesting a statement that puerperal mastitis will respond to benzylpenicillin, since staphylococci are now so often resistant.But he himself has fallen into error in suggesting ampicillin instead.Methicillin, yes, or cloxacillin, but ampicillin is just as easily destroyed as benzylpenicfllin by staphylococcal penicillinase.-Iam, etc.,
Eﬀect of Argan Oil on Liver in Patients Suﬀering from Metabolic Syndrome

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Hepatic steatosis is widely considered as the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome. The effect of argan oil consumption on the possible hepatic complications of metabolic syndrome has been evaluated in this study. Methods:Twenty-nine patients with metabolic syndrome were selected among 70 hypertensive patients recruited in the Cardiology Department of University Hospital of Casablanca, Morocco. The patients were randomly divided into 2 groups. Group one consumed argan oil (25 mL) every day for 3 weeks and the control group who did not receive the oil. The dietary intake was analyzed before, during and after the interventions. Plasma triglycerides, apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1) and apolipoprotein B100 (ApoB100) were determined before and after interventional study. Also, plasma α-2 macroglobulin was measured as a marker of the risk of chronic liver diseases in these patients. Results: An improvement in lipids levels was observed in the group consumed argan oil by a significant decline in triglyceride levels (p <0.001) from 246±112 mg/dL to 126±56 mg/dL and increase in the ApoA1 level from 0.59±0.25 g/L to 0.69±0.28 g/L, but was not significant. After consuming argan oil, ApoB100 decreased from 0.82±0.29 g/L to 0.76±0.26 g/L, but was not significant. The serum concentration of α-2 macroglobulin improved after argan consumption too. Conclusion: Argan oil could prevent the liver complications associated with metabolic syndrome by improving plasma lipids and apolipoproteins and α-2 macroglobulin.
Comparing classical and quantum PageRanks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Following recent developments in quantum PageRanking, we present a comparative analysis of discrete-time and continuous-time quantum-walk-based PageRank algorithms. For the discrete-time case, we introduce an alternative PageRank measure based on the maximum probabilities achieved by the walker on the nodes. We demonstrate that the required time of evolution does not scale significantly with increasing network size. We affirm that all three quantum PageRank measures considered here distinguish clearly between outerplanar hierarchical, scale-free, and Erdös-Rényi network types. Relative to classical PageRank and to different extents, the quantum measures better highlight secondary hubs and resolve ranking degeneracy among peripheral nodes for the networks we studied in this paper.
[PPARgamma as a new therapeutic target in inflammatory diseases].

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) is a nuclear receptor highly expressed in the gastrointestinal tract and playing a key role in inflammation. Several natural and synthetic PPARgamma ligands have been the focus of extensive research effort as potent anti-inflammatory agents in gastrointestinal diseases. In the last decade, accumulative experimental evidence has further suggested that PPARgamma is involved in several inflammatory signaling pathways associated with acute and chronic inflammation. The aims of this review are to discuss the potential roles of PPARgamma in the pathophysiology of the gastrointestinal tract, as well as the emerging therapeutic strategies targeting this receptor.
Enantiodivergence in the Biosynthesis of Bromotyrosine Alkaloids from Sponges?

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The isolation of bromotyrosine alkaloids, some of which are enantiomers of previously isolated compounds, has highlighted a possible enantiodivergence in their biosynthesis. Two new (1, 2) and six known bromotyrosine alkaloids (4-9), and the enantiomer (10) of a known compound, have been isolated from a Western Australian marine sponge, Pseudoceratina cf. verrucosa. The compounds inhibited the growth of multidrug-resistant and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus with comparable activity to vancomycin. In addition, one possible artifact of extraction (3) containing an ethoxy group was isolated. From analysis of the known bromotyrosine alkaloids, a biogenesis is proposed that explains the formation of antipodal natural products within this family of sponges.
CHANGE IN THE TEETH BENDING STRESS AND HERTZIAN CONTACT STRESS ON THE TEETH IN A PLANETARY GEAR REDUCER DEPENDING ON THE NUMBER OF REVOLUTION OF THE INPUT SHAFT

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The planetary reducer is used to reduce the number of revolutions of the drive shaft in relation to the number ofrevolutions of the driven shaft. In the considered reducer, the power is supplied through the central gear (Sun)and it is the drive, the shaft - carrier on which the satellite gears are mounted is the output shaft. The externalgear is stationary. In a planetary reducer with constant input power, changing the number of revolutions of theinput shaft cause a change in the stresses in the roots of the teeth and the Hertzian contact stress on the gear pairformed from the central and the satellite gear. In this paper, it is analyzed changing of these stresses dependingon number of revolutions of the input shaft. The change in the ratio between the Hertzian contact stresses andteeth bending stress also depending on the number of revolutions of the input shaft.