jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Antithrombin and fibrinogen levels as predictors for plasma L‐asparaginase activity in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background L‐asparaginase is a cornerstone treatment for children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). However, immune reaction to the drug may increase the clearance or impair the function of L‐asparaginase and reduces its therapeutic efficacy. The objective of this study was to identify potential plasma proteins that could be used as proxies for L‐asparaginase activity. Methods Fibrinogen, von Willebrand factor antigen (VWF:Ag), total protein, and albumin levels as well as antithrombin (AT) and L‐asparaginase activities were measured in 97 children with ALL treated for prolonged period of time with L‐asparaginase. Binary logistic regression and a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis were performed to evaluate the predictive value of plasma proteins for L‐asparaginase activity. Results Median E. coli L‐asparaginase activity was 220 IU/L (range, 0–1308) throughout the treatment period. L‐asparaginase activity was below 100 IU/L in 23% of measured samples. L‐asparaginase activity was inversely associated with AT activity, fibrinogen, total protein, and albumin levels ( r = −0.63, −0.62, −0.57, and −0.45, respectively; P < 0.0001), but not with VWF:Ag. ROC curve analyses showed an intermediate accuracy of AT activity (area under the ROC curve [AUC] = 0.77) to detect specimens with subtherapeutic level of L‐asparaginase. An optimal accuracy was found when AT and fibrinogen were combined (AUC = 0.82; sensitivity = 75%; specificity = 82%; positive predictive value = 55%; negative predictive value = 92%) with cutoff values of 0.73 IU/mL and 1.85 g/L, respectively. Conclusions AT combined with fibrinogen levels could be used as a proxy to identify patients with therapeutic level of L‐asparaginase activity in the absence of real‐time asparaginase measurement during prolonged exposure to L‐asparaginase.
Final curtain for anti-suit injunctions. Zur Vorlage des House of Lords an den EuGH in West Tankers Inc v. RAS Riunione Adriatica di Sicurta SpA and others (The Front Comor)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Article Final curtain for anti-suit injunctions. Zur Vorlage des House of Lords an den EuGH in West Tankers Inc v. RAS Riunione Adriatica di Sicurta SpA and others (The Front Comor) was published on April 24, 2007 in the journal Internationales Handelsrecht (volume 7, issue 2).
Augmented Virtual Reality: Combining Crowd Sensing and Social Data Mining with Large-Scale Simulation Using Mobile Agents for Future Smart Cities

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Augmented reality is well known for extending the real world by adding computer-generated perceptual information and overlaid sensory information. In contrast, simulation worlds are commonly closed and rely on artificial sensory information generated by the simulator program or using data collected off-line. In this work, a new simulation paradigm is introduced, providing augmented virtuality by integrating crowd sensing and social data mining in simulation worlds by using mobile agents. The simulation world interacts with real world environments, humans, machines, and other virtual worlds in real-time. Mobile agents are closely related to bots that can interact with humans via chat blogs. Among the mining of physical sensors (temperature, motion, position, light, …), mobile agents can perform Crowd Sensing by participating in question–answer dialogs via a chat blog provided by a WEB App that can be used by the masses. Additionally, mobile agents can act as virtual sensors (offering data exchanged with other agents). Virtual sensors are sensor aggregators performing sensor fusion in a spatially region.
The catalytic activation and functionalization of carbon-hydrogen bonds. Aldimine formation by the insertion of isonitriles into aromatic carbon-hydrogen bonds

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe catalytic activation and functionalization of carbon-hydrogen bonds. Aldimine formation by the insertion of isonitriles into aromatic carbon-hydrogen bondsWilliam D. Jones, Glenn P. Foster, and Jeanne M. PutinasCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 16, 5047–5048Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1987https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00250a060RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views1579Altmetric-Citations93LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (303 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Attenuating Pseudo S-waves in Acoustic Anisotropic Wave Propagation

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Summary The importance of anisotropy in seismic imaging has been recognized for several decades. In recent years, a growing number of anisotropic applications of reverse time migration (RTM) and full waveform inversion (FWI) have attempted to account for anisotropic effects of the real-world subsurface physics. In anisotropic media the P-wave, SV-wave, and SH-wave are intrinsically coupled, therefore the media are elastic in nature. However, the elastic anisotropic wave equation is computationally demanding and requires S-wave velocity model, for which in practice we often have little information. Consequently, the acoustic assumption is widely used in seeking anisotropic wave equations. Stable acoustic anisotropic wave equations may create apparent pseudo S-waves during wave simulation. S-wave contributions then show up as artifacts in migrated images from RTM and in velocity perturbations from FWI. We propose a model taper method to eliminate the source generated S-wave, and derive a series of approximate formulae that allow accurate and efficient attenuation of pseudo S-waves after acoustic anisotropic wave propagation, as a supplementary routine. Synthetic data and real data examples are shown to verify the proposed prescription in complex media.
Benefits of Cow Dung - A Human Ignored Gift

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Cow is considered as mother and even as god. It is one of the largest domesticated mammals. The meaning of the word panchagavya in Sanskrit is "five cow-derivatives" consisting of three direct constituents like cow urine, dung, milk and the two derived products are curd and ghee. Cow dung and urine are the excretory products. Cow dung is an undigested residue of consumed food material of cow combined with faeces and urine, lignin, cellulose and hemicelluloses being the major composition. Cow dung is an indigestible plant material from the intestine of cow released on to the ground. Generally, faeces, either from an animal or human is not a desired topic of conversation. Cow dung is worth discussing. It's a useful material and helps us in a variety of ways. Cow urine has been used as an antimicrobial not only for rituals but also therapeutically. But cow dung has been mostly used as a firework and/or biofertilizer in the form of cow patties. Researchers have ignored the therapeutical benefits of cow dung which is evident from the smaller number of pharmaceutical products in market amidst of its miraculous benefits. This review discusses about the existing traditional therapeutics and the respective medicinal property of cow dung and tries to change the mindset of the scientific community to carry out the further research in the future.
Model Building for the Complex System of International Development Aid

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The international development aid system is complex. Researchers argue that a new approach embracing the ‘new science’ of complex systems can make aid more relevant, more appropriate, more innovative and more catalytic, where an interdisciplinary approach provides a new way to study regularities that differs from traditional science. This chapter discusses the study method in detail from the aspects of both data collection and model building. The authors have explored various data sources and focused on five main collections of data for this analysis: aid, trade, migration, security and associated geographical data. The main aim of the Enfolding project focuses on explaining, modelling and forecasting global dynamics of various complex systems such as international development aid, international trade, security and migration. A series of regression models have been built to try to improve the correlations between the aid allocation and the important factors.
A Monolithic Compliant Piezoelectric-Driven Microgripper: Design, Modeling, and Testing

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we report on the design, modeling, and experimental testing of a piezoelectric-driven microgripper making use of both an integrated gripping force sensor and an integrated tip displacement sensor. In the developed microgripper, a stack piezoelectric ceramic actuator is used to simultaneously obtain the tip displacement and the gripping force. A novel monolithic compliant mechanism is proposed to act as the microdisplacement transmission mechanism to obtain the large tip displacement and to provide the possibility of integrating both the gripping force sensor and the tip displacement sensor into the microgripper. The relationship between the gripping force, tip displacement, input force, and input displacement of the piezoelectric-driven microgripper and the dynamic model are established using the pseudorigid-body-model method. The characteristics of the developed microgripper are tested and the case of gripping an optical fiber is presented. The experimental results indicate that: 1) the theoretical model for the developed microgripper matched well with the measured results; 2) the integrated gripping force sensor and tip displacement sensor could accurately measure the gripping force and tip displacement; 3) the developed microgripper could achieve a displacement magnification of 16.0 × with respect to the stack piezoelectric ceramic actuator to realize the large tip displacement with high resolution but is also able to possess the parallel movement of its gripping jaws and the constant displacement magnification.
The Synthesis of Highly Active Iridium(I) Complexes and their Application in Catalytic Hydrogen Isotope Exchange

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract A series of robust iridium(I) complexes bearing a sterically encumbered N‐heterocyclic carbene ligand, alongside a phosphine ligand, has been synthesised and investigated in hydrogen isotope exchange processes. These complexes have allowed isotope incorporation over a range of substrates with the use of practically convenient deuterium and tritium gas. Moreover, these active catalysts are capable of isotope incorporation to particularly high levels, whilst employing low catalyst loadings and in short reaction times. In addition to this, these new catalyst species have shown flexible levels of chemoselectivity, which can be altered by simple manipulation of preparative approaches. Furthermore, a number of industrially‐relevant drug molecules has also been labelled, including the sulfonamide containing drug, Celecoxib. Alongside detailed NMR experiments, initial mechanistic investigations have also been performed, providing insight into both substrate binding energies, and, more importantly, relative energies of key steps in the mechanistic cycle as part of the overall exchange process. magnified image
Quantum-Mechanical Study on the Mechanism of Peptide Bond Formation in the Ribosome

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Ribosomes transform the genetic information encoded within genes into proteins. In recent years, there has been much progress in the study of this complex molecular machine, but the mechanism of peptide bond formation and the origin of the catalytic power of this ancient enzymatic system are still an unsolved puzzle. A quantum-mechanical study of different possible mechanisms of peptide synthesis in the ribosome has been carried out using the M06-2X density functional. The uncatalyzed processes in solution have been treated with the SMD solvation model. Concerted and two-step mechanisms have been explored. Three main points suggested in this work deserve to be deeply analyzed. First, no zwitterionic intermediates are found when the process takes place in the ribosome. Second, the proton shuttle mechanism is suggested to be efficient only through the participation of the A2451 2'-OH and two crystallographic water molecules. Finally, the mechanisms in solution and in the ribosome are very different, and this difference may help us to understand the origin of the efficient catalytic role played by the ribosome.
Mortality associated with delay in operation after hip fracture: Scottish data provide additional information…

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

EDITOR—Bottle and Aylin's study provides evidence of an association between delay to hip fracture surgery and mortality,1 a topic that has proved controversial.2 However, as their analysis depended on routinely collected data, the study had important limitations. Scottish data provide additional relevant information.

Scottish hip fracture audit data are collected prospectively,3 and records have been linked to routinely collected data for hospital admissions and mortality.4 We …
The versatility of the light microscope image analyzer

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The centralization of resources means equipment and technical staff must be versatile since their services will be used by various investigators evaluating different applications and tissues. The Nikon Microphot light microscope (LM) equipped with MTI video camera, Gateway 2000 computer, Image-1 imaging system, and Sony Color Video Printer is helpful for the evaluation of sections of tissue from different projects, most of which are also electron microscope studies that benefit from LM analysis. The high resolution prints are immediately available to the researcher. The various computer manipulations facilitate the visualization of routinely stained sections and sections after autoradiography, β - galactosidase localization, and immunogold-silver cytochemistry, etc. Monochrome or color prints are possible with the display modes provided, or display modes may be edited as beneficial for a particular application. We have designed display modes that allow monochrome and color images in the same print. NIH Grant DK27097.
Direct observation of nano-sized defects in thin films formed by sputter deposition

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The nano-sized defects in the barrier layer are considered as major pathway of water vapor. In this paper, Cr thin film was coated on the polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate. By application of atomic layer deposition (ALD) with an Al 2 O 3 on the Cr thin film having nano-sized defects, a direct image of the nano-sized defects was observed by using CMP process and conductive AFM. The resolution of nano-sized defects in this study was about 30 nm. This newly developed observation technology applied by damascene process could be very usefully applied to the direct observation of defects in the coating layers fabricated by various deposition methods.
Synthesis of diblock copolymer spheres, worms and vesicles via RAFT aqueous emulsion polymerization of hydroxybutyl methacrylate

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

RAFT aqueous emulsion polymerization of hydroxybutyl methacrylate using a poly(glycerol monomethacrylate) precursor leads to diblock copolymer spheres, worms or vesicles. A pseudo-phase diagram is constructed and the vesicles are briefly evaluated as a Pickering emulsifier.
Divergent mutational processes distinguish hypoxic and normoxic tumours

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Many primary tumours have low levels of molecular oxygen (hypoxia), and hypoxic tumours respond poorly to therapy. Pan-cancer molecular hallmarks of tumour hypoxia remain poorly understood, with limited comprehension of its associations with specific mutational processes, non-coding driver genes and evolutionary features. Here, as part of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium, which aggregated whole genome sequencing data from 2658 cancers across 38 tumour types, we quantify hypoxia in 1188 tumours spanning 27 cancer types. Elevated hypoxia associates with increased mutational load across cancer types, irrespective of underlying mutational class. The proportion of mutations attributed to several mutational signatures of unknown aetiology directly associates with the level of hypoxia, suggesting underlying mutational processes for these signatures. At the gene level, driver mutations in TP53, MYC and PTEN are enriched in hypoxic tumours, and mutations in PTEN interact with hypoxia to direct tumour evolutionary trajectories. Overall, hypoxia plays a critical role in shaping the genomic and evolutionary landscapes of cancer.
Deep-Fat Frying Modifies High-Fat Fish Lipid Fraction

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The lipid composition of three high-fat fishes (sardines, mackerel, and salmon) was analyzed to study the effect of deep-fat frying with sunflower oil and warmholding (65 °C, 3 h). Only sardines increased total fat content with cooking. Saturated fatty acids content decreased, especially in sardines and mackerel, mostly because of the palmitic acid reduction. Raw sardines and mackerel presented an important content of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (24.0 and 16.6 g/100 g of fat, respectively), but it decreased significantly during frying (6.6 and 5.4 g/100 g of fat, respectively). Salmon, despite having the lower amount of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid in raw samples, was the best source of these fatty acids after frying (1.7 g/100 g of food). The ratio of total ω-6 fatty acids to total ω-3 fatty acids increased with cooking from 0.12 to 1.07 in salmon, from 0.12 to 6.19 in mackerel, and from 0.07 to 5.98 in sardines. Cholesterol content was differently affected by frying: it increased in salmon and mackerel and decreased in sardine. Fatty acid and cholesterol were slightly affected by warmholding in all fishes. Keywords: High-fat fishes; frying; warmholding; lipids
Influence of single vacancy defect at varying length on electronic properties of zigzag graphene nanoribbons

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Graphene, identified in 2004, is now an established two-dimensional (2D) material due to its outstanding physical and electronic characteristics namely its superior electrical conductivity. Graphene is a zero-gap material that has linear dispersion with electron-hole symmetry. As pristine sheet, it cannot be utilized in digital logic application without the induction of a band gap inside the band structure. In our work, the modeling and simulation of graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) are carried out to determine its electronics properties that are benchmarked with other published simulation data. A 4-Zigzag GNRs (4-ZGNRs) under different length are utilized. A single vacancy defects is introduced at various positions inside the atomic structure. The theoretical model is implemented based on single-neighbour tight binding technique coupled with a non-equilibrium Green’s function formalism. The single vacancy defects are represented by the elimination of tight binding energies in the Hamiltonian matrix. Subsequently, these matrix elements are utilized to compute dispersion relation and density of states (DOS) through Green’s function. It is found that single vacancy defects at different positions in 4-ZGNRs’ atomic structure under varying length has no significant impacts on the sub-band structure but these vacancies impact the DOS that are computed throught Green’s function approach.
Dose-dependent differences in the profile of mutations induced by (+)-7R,8S-dihydroxy-9S,10R-epoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo(a)pyrene in the coding region of the hypoxanthine (guanine) phosphoribosyltransferase gene in Chinese hamster V-79 cells.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Chinese hamster V-79 cells were exposed to a high dose (0.30-0.48 microM; 32% cell survival), an intermediate dose (0.04-0.10 microM; 100% cell survival) or a low dose (0.01-0.02 microM; 97% cell survival) of (+)-7R,8S-dihydroxy-9S,10R-epoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo(a)pyrene [(+)-BPDE] which is the ultimate carcinogenic metabolite of benzo(a)pyrene. The mutation frequency for cells treated with dimethyl sulfoxide vehicle or with low, intermediate or high dose of (+)-BPDE were 1, 10, 52 or 514 8-azaguanine-resistant colonies/10(5) survivors, respectively. Independent 8-azaguanine-resistant clones were isolated, and complementary DNAs were prepared by reverse transcription. The coding region of the hypoxanthine (guanine) phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) gene was amplified by the polymerase chain reaction and sequenced. Altogether, 368 (+)-BPDE-induced mutant clones were examined. At all doses, base substitutions were the most prevalent mutations observed (about 72% of the mutant clones), followed by exon deletions (about 26% of the mutant clones) and frame-shift mutations (about 6% of the mutant clones). At the high cytotoxic dose, 7 of 120 base substitutions occurred at AT base pairs (6%) and 113 at GC base pairs (94%). At the intermediate noncytotoxic dose, 20 of 82 base substitutions occurred at AT base pairs (24%) and 62 at GC base pairs (76%). At the low noncytotoxic dose, 27 of 76 base substitutions were at AT base pairs (36%) and 49 were at GC base pairs (64%). The results indicated that decreasing the dose of (+)-BPDE decreased the proportion of mutations at GC base pairs and increased the proportion of mutations at AT base pairs. At the dose of (+)-BPDE was decreased, there was a dose-dependent decrease in the proportion of GC-->TA transversions (from 69% to 42% of the base substitutions) and a dose-dependent increase in the proportion of AT-->CG transversions (from 1% to 25% of the base substitutions). The data also indicated dose-dependent differences in (+)-BPDE-induced exon deletions and hot spots for base substitutions at GC and AT base pairs. Although more than 99% of the (+)-BPDE-induced mutations at guanine occurred on the nontranscribed strand of DNA, (+)-BPDE-induced mutations at adenine occurred on both the transcribed and nontranscribed strands. The ratio of mutations at adenine on the transcribed strand to mutations at adenine on the nontranscribed strand was 35:19 in (+)-BPDE-treated V-79 cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Technique of Extrusion Forming for Cylinder

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A more reasonable process was selected through comparison of three extrusion forming processes for cylinder.A set of extrusion dies were designed and the numerical simulation software DEFORM-3D was used to simulate the process;through the simulation result,the rationality of the process was analyzed to improve the dies.Using the processes,the blank material can be saved more than 45%,and the obviouse economic benefit is gained.