jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Inequality on (Human) Development - Insights from a Panel Analysis of the Human Development Index

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

In this paper we connect two of the main and current lines of research in the development and economic growth literature: The analysis of the effect and transmission channels of inequality on economic growth and the discussion about the necessity for a broader development and prosperity measure. We estimate the effect of net income inequality on the Human Development Index and its components in a panel of 117 countries over the period of 1970 to 2010. In doing so, we find evidence for (1) a negative long-run effect and (2) different short-run impacts of inequality on the different dimensions of development: A positive short-run effect on economic development, but a negative one on education outcomes, hinting at particular transmission channels. In addition, we detect (3) that those effects can be even more pronounced with low levels of development, reconciling seemingly conflicting previous findings in the literature. Moreover, (4) we find some evidence suggesting that the impact of inequality on human development is negatively dependent on the prevailing level of inequality. Finally, we highlight and discuss some interesting directions for future and subsequent research based on our work.
Florets of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.): Potential New Sources of Dietary Fiber and Phenolic Acids

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Ray florets (Rf) and disc florets (Df) are agricultural byproducts of sunflower seeds. Their nutrition-related compounds were determined. The dietary fiber contents in Rf and Df were 42.90 mg/100 g and 58.97 mg/100 g. In both florets, palmitic, linoleic, and linolenic acids were identified as the three most abundant fatty acids, and the saturated ones constitute approximately two-thirds (w/w) of the total fatty acids. Lysine was the limiting amino acid in both florets by World Health Organization standards. Sixteen phenolic compounds, nine free and eight bound, mainly depsides, were identified in florets by RP-HPLC-DAD/ESI-TOF-MS. The free and bound phenolic compounds in Df were higher than in Rf. 1,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid was the predominant free phenolic compound in both florets. The present study revealed that the florets of sunflower are rich sources of dietary fiber, Fe, and phenols.
Long-term safety of tobramycin inhalation powder in patients with cystic fibrosis: phase IV (ETOILES) study

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Objective: Long-term treatment with inhaled antibiotics is recommended for chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pa) infection in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. The ETOILES study (Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT01519661) evaluated the safety of tobramycin inhalation powder (TIP) for 1 year. Research design and methods: This single-arm, open-label, multicenter, phase IV trial, enrolled CF patients aged ≥6 years, with baseline FEV1 ≥25%–≤75% predicted and Pa infection, and assessed the safety of TIP over six cycles in terms of the incidence of treatment-emergent adverse events (AEs) and serious AEs (SAEs). Secondary endpoints included presence of airway reactivity, relative change in FEV1% predicted, and change in sputum Pa density (log10 colony forming units/g sputum). Results: A total of 157 patients were enrolled, and 96 patients (61.1%) completed the study. The most commonly reported AE was infective pulmonary exacerbation of CF (55.4%). Cough was reported as an AE in 23.6% of patients; a majority were mild or moderate and two were severe (1.3%). SAEs were reported by 31.2% of patients. No deaths were reported during the study. There were no clinically meaningful changes reported in airway reactivity. Most frequently reported post-inhalation event was cough at all time points; however, it was of short duration (<4 minutes) and decreased over the course of the study, possibly due to patients becoming more experienced with the administration of TIP. The post-inhalation events resolved without intervention in most cases. FEV1% predicted remained stable from Cycles 1 to 4 and tended to decrease thereafter, although it was not statistically significant (change from baseline to study end mean [SD] = −1.9% [14.55]; P = 0.199). Conclusions: This was one of the largest studies with long-term TIP exposure. The majority of patients enrolled were adults with more advanced CF lung disease than those in previous TIP studies. No new emerging safety signals were seen and efficacy was sustained during the year.
New Algorithm for Chest-wall Surgery and Quality of Life Assessment in Female-to-male Reassignment Patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Chest-wall contouring surgery (chest-wall reconstructive surgery) is often the first surgical procedure in female-to-male (FtM) gender reassignment surgery (GRS). The main goal of this procedure is to create an aesthetically pleasing male-like chest contour. No universally accepted algorithm exists for detection of the appropriate surgical technique. Also, there is no tool for objective evaluation of the quality of life and satisfaction of these patients after the operation. Methods: This study involves a single-center clinical trial assessing the patients who underwent subcutaneous mastectomy in FtM GRS between 2003 and 2019. The selection of patients was based on the new “simplified” algorithm consisting of 2 different surgical techniques: the semicircular and the double-incision with free nipple grafting. The selection was based on 3 criteria: breasts size, breast ptosis, and skin elasticity. The outcomes and complication rates were collected and analyzed. The patients’ satisfaction and Quality of Life was assessed with a 5-point Likert scale questionnaire, specifically conceived for FtM patients. The aesthetic evaluation was performed using a 5-point Likert scale dealing with the 5 items featuring as the main goals of GRS. Results: 184 mastectomies were performed in 92 FtM GRS patients. The overall reoperation rate was 11.9%. The patient survey revealed both a high satisfaction rate and a good aesthetic result (4.4/5). Conclusions: The proposed algorithm facilitates the selection of the most suitable technique for top surgery. The patient satisfaction rate evaluated by the proposed Health-Related Quality of Life questionnaire confirmed the outcomes of the use of the algorithm. Further studies to validate the proposed evaluating tools are needed.
Language performance at high school and success in first year computer science

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We describe the first part of a study investigating the usefulness of high school language results as a predictor of success in first year computer science courses at a university where students have widely varying English language skills. Our results indicate that contrary to the generally accepted view that achievement in high school mathematics courses is the best individual predictor of success in undergraduate computer science, success in English at the first-language level in high school correlates better with actual performance. We discuss the implications of this for universities whose medium of teaching is English, operating in social contexts where many students are not native English speakers.
Effect of sodium on deposition in a simulated combustion gas turbine environment

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEffect of sodium on deposition in a simulated combustion gas turbine environmentJeffrey S. Ross, Rodney J. Anderson, and Ramamurthy NagarajanCite this: Energy Fuels 1988, 2, 3, 282–289Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ef00009a010https://doi.org/10.1021/ef00009a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views127Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
THEORY AND PRACTICE OF COMPUTER AIDED MANUFACTURING ENGINEERING (CAME)

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Prevalent area of exploitation of CAM (Computer Aided Manufacturing) systems is computer aided program creating for NC production equipment. However, CAM systems do not sufficiently cover all periods of production process and due to this, the necessity to define the systems of Computer Aided Manufacturing Engineering - CAME is obvious. CAME is a subsystem of the system CIM including the computer aided systems of all activities connected with realization of product manufacturing. Computer technology equipped with suitable software is advantageously used in various branches of practice at present time. It is difficult to imagine the development and production of new products in modern enterprise without exploitation of appropriate computer aided systems. Most of present CA systems are mainly determined and used in the area of computer design and constructing of new products, but only complete application of these modern computer technologies to all periods of product design and manufacturing, can bring the maximum profit for the enterprise. CAM (Computer Aided Manufacturing) systems are mostly used in practice in the area of production in relation to computer support. However, prevalent area of exploitation of these systems is computer aided of program creating for NC production equipment, what represents, from the point-of-view of completed production process, only one of its part. There are also others processes of product manufacturing process for example: automated work-in-process transport and product storing, automated handling with the products, performing the measurements in automated inspection stands, etc. Following these facts, CAM systems do not sufficiently cover all stages of production process and so it is necessary to define the systems of Computer Aided Manufacturing Engineering - CAME.
TResNet: High Performance GPU-Dedicated Architecture

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Many deep learning models, developed in recent years, reach higher ImageNet accuracy than ResNet50, with fewer or comparable FLOPS count. While FLOPs are often seen as a proxy for network efficiency, when measuring actual GPU training and inference throughput, vanilla ResNet50 is usually significantly faster than its recent competitors, offering better throughput-accuracy trade-off. In this work, we introduce a series of architecture modifications that aim to boost neural networks' accuracy, while retaining their GPU training and inference efficiency. We first demonstrate and discuss the bottlenecks induced by FLOPs-optimizations. We then suggest alternative designs that better utilize GPU structure and assets. Finally, we introduce a new family of GPU-dedicated models, called TResNet, which achieve better accuracy and efficiency than previous ConvNets. Using a TResNet model, with similar GPU throughput to ResNet50, we reach 80.8 top-1 accuracy on ImageNet. Our TResNet models also transfer well and achieve state-of-the-art accuracy on competitive single-label classification datasets such as Stanford cars (96.0%), CIFAR-10 (99.0%), CIFAR-100 (91.5%) and Oxford-Flowers (99.1%). They also perform well on multi-label classification and object detection tasks. Implementation is available at: https://github.com/mrT23/TResNet.
Joke'S On You: An Exploration Of America'S Comedy Landscape

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The creative thesis, “Joke’s on You: An Exploration of America’s Comedy Landscape” is a foray into the American comedic field, with a particular focus on stand-up comedy. The thesis is two-fold, consisting of a creative component and an academic component. The creative component consists of 15 minutes worth of material, ranging across a myriad of topics from Asian stereotypes to family quirks to personal upbringing. The humor used is a combination of observational and self-deprecating humor. Finally, the creative component is broken up into four sets: one filmed in front of friends, one filmed in front of an organization, one filmed at an audition for The University of Texas at Austin’s largest talent show, Texas Revue, and one at an open mic. Conversely, the academic component details and develops the history of comedy and types of humor before delving into challenges faced during the personal journey and writing of the creative component. The academic treatise concludes with an analysis of the landscape at large.
Sex Differences in the Association Between LDL/HDL with Cognitive Decline in Older Adults: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Lipids have a significant impact on the development and functioning of the nervous system, but the sex differences between the association of LDL/HDL, which reflects lipid metabolic status, and cognitive impairment remains unclear. Objective: We aimed to determine if there were sex differences between the association of LDL/HDL and cognitive function in US older adults. Methods: This population-based cross-sectional study used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011–2012 and 2013–2014 cycles. The main outcome was poor cognitive performance defined by the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST) < 34 based on published literature. Results: A total of 1,225 participants were included in the study, with a cognitive impairment incidence of 25.6% (314/1,225). Multivariate regression models demonstrated a significant association between cognitive decline and each 1-unit increase in LDL/HDL, after adjusting for all covariates (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 1.36, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.11–1.67). Furthermore, subgroup analysis revealed an interaction between LDL/HDL and cognitive impairment in sex subgroups. Conclusions: LDL/HDL was associated with cognitive impairment in the US older adult population in adjusted models, although the significance of this association was not observed in females.
Antidiabetic Activity of Siger Rice Made from Waxy Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) on Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Rats

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The effect of consumption siger rice made from waxy cassava (Manihot esculenta Crants) on diabetes was studied in streptozotocin-induced diabetes rats. The results showed that diabetic rats fed the siger rice diet increased body weight 101.2 g and decreased water intake 72.66% compared to diabetic rats. Siger rice consumption to diabetic rats can reduce urine volume and sugar content 74.19% and 99.39% respectively at 4 weeks after treatment. Siger rice was able to reduce blood glucose levels of diabetic rats to a normal condition of 68.83% at 4 weeks after treatment. MDA levels of diabetic rats fed the siger rice diet decreased 84.18% compared to diabetic rats. The FRAP value of diabetic rats given siger rice increased 271.43% compared to diabetic rats. Consumption of siger rice was able to improve blood glucose levels and antioxidant status of diabetic rats.
Keywords: blood sugar, diabetic, Manihot esculenta, rats, siger rice, urine sugar.
Functional Analysis and the Autonomy of Psychology

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This paper examines the notion that psychology is autonomous. It is argued that we need to distinguish between (a) the question of whether psychological explanations are autonomous, and (b) the question of whether the process of psychological discovery is autonomous. The issue is approached by providing a reinterpretation of Robert Cummins's notion of functional analysis (FA). A distinction is drawn between FA as an explanatory strategy and FA as an investigative strategy. It is argued that the identification of functional components of the cognitive system may draw on knowledge about brain structure, without thereby jeopardizing the explanatory autonomy of psychology.
Evolution\nof Oxidizing Inorganic Metal Salts: Ultrafast\nLaser Initiation Materials Based on Energetic Cationic Coordination\nPolymers

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

An\neffective and novel design strategy for ultrafast laser-initiating\nmaterials has been established on the basis of coordination chemistry\nfor the first time in the present work. In view of the positive effect\nof Ag ion and perchlorate on laser sensitivity, silver perchlorate\nas a representative of oxidizing inorganic metal salts was used to\nconstruct energetic cationic coordination polymers (ECCPs), which\nsolved the inconvenient situation caused by the difficulty in applying\nthese salts directly in energetic materials because of the unavoidable\nhygroscopicity and the inhomogeneity of physical mixtures of oxidants\nand reductants. With the nonenergetic nitrogen-rich ligand 3-amino-1<i>H</i>-1,2,4-triazole-5-carbohydrazide (ATCA), one new laser-sensitive\nAg­(I)-based ECCP [Ag­(ATCA)­ClO<sub>4</sub>]<i><sub>n</sub></i> (<b>1</b>) was successfully synthesized with a compact helical\nstructure proved by X-ray single-diffraction crystal data. The physicochemical\nproperty evaluation revealed that this Ag-ECCP was not only completely\ndevoid of the undesirable properties of the silver perchlorate and\ndisplayed excellent tolerance to moisture and noncorrosive properties\nto metal shells, but was also endowed with good thermal stability\nand excellent safety for mechanical stimulation. Moreover, theoretical\ncalculations based on the standard molar enthalpy of formation and\nthe lead plate explosive test as the actual damage experiment have\nproved that the compound has a superior detonation performance (up\nto 6800 m s<sup>–1</sup> and 0.511 kcal g<sup>–1</sup>) compared to the traditional primary explosives. More importantly,\nthe laser-initiation-experiment-based femtosecond laser-testing system\nand high-speed photography demonstrated that this ECCP was an energetic\nmaterial with great potential for application in the safety detonator\nas an ultrafast photosensitive initiating material for laser direct\ninitiation, whose initiation delay time is as low as 73 ms using only\n200 mJ initiation energy.
Why Yet Another Conference on Freud and Jung?

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract The relationship between Freud and Jung has been a source of tension and rivalry for the past hundred years. The conflicts between the two men have continued into the two fields of psychoanalysis and analytical psychology. The recent publication of The Red Book has supplied us with new insights about Jung’s “confrontation with the unconscious.” It demonstrates how Jung moved from Freudian psychoanalysis to develop his own psychology, which he called “analytical psychology.” Out of his “confrontation with the unconscious,” he developed the theory of the archetypes, the collective unconscious, individuation, and active imagination to access the images of the unconscious. In the light of this new material, it is important to reassess where the field of depth psychology is today.
Insulin Detemir

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Each month, subscribers to The Formulary Monograph Service receive five to six well-documented monographs on drugs that are newly released or are in late phase 3 trials. The monographs are targeted to your Pharmacy and Therapeutics Committee. Subscribers also receive monthly one-page summary monographs on the agents that are useful for agendas and pharmacy/nursing in-services. A comprehensive target drug utilization evaluation (DUE) is also provided each month. With a subscription, the monographs are sent to you in print and CD ROM forms and are available online. Monographs can be customized to meet the needs of your facility. Subscribers to the The Formulary Monograph Service also receive access to a pharmacy bulletin board, The Formulary Information Exchange (The F.I.X.). All topics pertinent to clinical and hospital pharmacy are discussed on The F.I.X. Through the cooperation of The Formulary, Hospital Pharmacy publishes selected reviews in this column. If you would like information about The Formulary Monograph Service or The F.I.X., call The Formulary at 800-322-4349. The December 2005 monograph topics are nelarabine, drospirenone/estradiol, rufinamide, lenalid omide, and recombinant human parthyroid hormone I-84. The DUE is on isosorbide dinatrate/hydralazine HCl.
Simultaneous Reconstruction of the Complex Refractive Index and the Particle Size Distribution Function from Lidar Measurements: Testing the Developed Algorithms

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A method for the joint determination of microphysical aerosol characteristics, namely, the complex refractive index $$m = m_{\text{real}}^{{}} + im_{\text{image}}^{{}}$$ and spherical-particle size distribution function U(r), from the data of nighttime lidar sensing at wavelengths of 355–1064 nm is proposed. During their simultaneous estimations, it is useful to directly minimize the discrepancy functional Φ(m) in the range of the physically justified m. The principal limitations due to a wider region of the global minima of Φ(m) appear at $$m_{{{\text{image}}}}^{{{\text{true}}}} \in $$ [0.01, 0.04] and give rise to a potential shift of the resulting values of $$m_{\text{real}}^{\text{est}}$$ and $$m_{\text{image}}^{\text{est}}$$. A simultaneous use of several functionals gives a better estimate of m due to different sets of the respective optical characteristics. The problem in retrieving the size distribution function is caused by the information content of the coarse particle measurements. The statistical regularization method offers an unambiguous estimation of U(r) for the mean radius up to 3 µm and gives an admissible estimate for larger radii. The algorithms are tested on eight values of absorption, when one value corresponding to one $$m_{\text{image}}^{\text{true}}$$ is associated with 50 empirical models of the distribution function.
Topology and robustness analysis of temporal air transport network

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Air Transport Network (ATN) has essential societal and economic functions. One important characteristic of ATN is its dynamic structure since the timings of departure and arrival of flights vary considerably. Static representation, measures and frameworks limit the study of certain properties of these networks. Here, we develop and demonstrate an approach to characterize the robustness of temporal ATN. We employ the following framework: 1) represent the USA flights considering the time-scheduled as a temporal network; 2) analyze the main airports ranked by the adapted centrality measures in different timestamps; 3) employ attack strategies in the top-ranked airport evaluating resilience. We demonstrate when the time is considered there are variations in the airport rank by centrality measures that are not captured by static approaches. Moreover, while the giant component is not affected by the time considered, the efficiency, which measures the time duration, drops significantly. The robustness measure indicates attacks considering the betweenness is the most damaged. This work encompasses a real scenario of ATN representation and contributes to the study of directed and temporal networks.