jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Overproduction of Magnetosomes by Genomic Amplification of Biosynthesis-Related Gene Clusters in a Magnetotactic Bacterium

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Magnetotactic bacteria biosynthesize specific organelles, the magnetosomes, which are membrane-enclosed crystals of a magnetic iron mineral that are aligned in a linear chain. The number and size of magnetosome particles have to be critically controlled to build a sensor sufficiently strong to ensure the efficient alignment of cells within Earth's weak magnetic field while at the same time minimizing the metabolic costs imposed by excessive magnetosome biosynthesis. Apart from their biological function, bacterial magnetosomes have gained considerable interest since they provide a highly useful model for prokaryotic organelle formation and represent biogenic magnetic nanoparticles with exceptional properties. However, potential applications have been hampered by the difficult cultivation of these fastidious bacteria and their poor yields of magnetosomes. In this study, we found that the size and number of magnetosomes within the cell are controlled by many different Mam and Mms proteins. We present a strategy for the overexpression of magnetosome biosynthesis genes in the alphaproteobacterium Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense by chromosomal multiplication of individual and multiple magnetosome gene clusters via transposition. While stepwise amplification of the mms6 operon resulted in the formation of increasingly larger crystals (increase of ∼35%), the duplication of all major magnetosome operons ( mamGFDC , mamAB , mms6 , and mamXY , comprising 29 genes in total) yielded an overproducing strain in which magnetosome numbers were 2.2-fold increased. We demonstrate that the tuned expression of the mam and mms clusters provides a powerful strategy for the control of magnetosome size and number, thereby setting the stage for high-yield production of tailored magnetic nanoparticles by synthetic biology approaches. IMPORTANCE Before our study, it had remained unknown how the upper sizes and numbers of magnetosomes are genetically regulated, and overproduction of magnetosome biosynthesis had not been achieved, owing to the difficulties of large-scale genome engineering in the recalcitrant magnetotactic bacteria. In this study, we established and systematically explored a strategy for the overexpression of magnetosome biosynthesis genes by genomic amplification of single and multiple magnetosome gene clusters via sequential chromosomal insertion by transposition. Our findings also indicate that the expression levels of magnetosome proteins together limit the upper size and number of magnetosomes within the cell. We demonstrate that tuned overexpression of magnetosome gene clusters provides a powerful strategy for the precise control of magnetosome size and number.
Supplementary Material for: Remote Ischemic Preconditioning Reduces the Risk of Contrast-Induced Nephropathy in Patients with Moderate Renal Impairment Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Angiography: A Meta-Analysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background/Aims: This meta-analysis evaluated the effects of remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) on the risk of contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention/coronary angiography (PCI/CA). Methods: PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that assessed the effect of RIPC on CIN in patients undergoing PCI/CA. The main outcomes of interest were the incidence of CIN 48–72 h after CA, the levels of serum creatinine, cystatin C, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), mortality, and requirement of hemodialysis and rehospitalization. The analysis was conducted using the random-effect model due to the expected heterogeneity among different studies. Results: In total, 16 trials covering 2,048 patients were identified. By assessing the methodological quality of the included studies through the Coch­rane risk of bias, we found that of the 16 RCTs, 3 had a low risk of bias, 6 a high, and 7 an unclear risk. The application of RIPC decreased the incidence of CIN (relative risk, RR, 0.50, 95% confidence interval, CI, 0.39–0.65; p < 0.001). Subgroup analyses showed that RIPC decreased the incidence of CIN in patients with eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 (RR 0.53, 95% CI 0.38–0.75; p < 0.001) but not in patients with eGRF ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m2 (RR 0.82, 95% CI 0.35–1.94; p = 0.66) at baseline. Furthermore, the increase in serum creatinine was significantly lower in patients with RIPC compared to control patients (standardized mean difference –1.41, 95% CI –2.46 to –0.35; p = 0.009). Conclusions: Based on 16 RCTs, this meta-analysis shows that RIPC can reduce the risk of CIN in patients with moderate renal impairment undergoing PCI/CA. However, this needs to be confirmed by further high-quality evidence.
PSYCHOSOMATIC STATE AND PERSONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS OF THE UZBEK POPULATION FOR MANIFESTATIONS AND DEVELOPMENT OF NEUROCIRCULATORY DYSTONIA

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The relevance of studying the personality characteristics of children with vegetovascular dystonia (VVD) is dictated by the fact that many psychosomatic disorders originate in childhood and autonomic disorders are their primary manifestations. According to the literature, among the children with non-communicable diseases who go to the doctor, 50-75% are patients with VVD. Purpose of the study. Study of the influence of the mental state and personality characteristics of patients on the manifestations and development of NCD in children and adolescents of the Uzbek population. Material and methods. We studied 43 patients with NCD (18 boys and 25 girls) aged 7 to 16 years with hypotonic, hypertensive and cardiac types. In the examined group of patients with NCD, children with hypertensive (46.5%) type prevailed. Patients (39.5%) were diagnosed with hypotonic NCD, and in 14 patients with cardiac type. For the study of individual - typological and personal characteristics of children, in addition to clinical and pedagogical observations, traditional experimental - psychological methods were used, allowing the most differentiated approach to the analysis of the personality of a sick child. Results: patients with NCD are characterized by a pronounced increase in emotional stress, difficulty in making interpersonal contacts and contributing to the violation of the psycho-vegetative regulation of the individual. The predominance of the desire for well-mannered forms of behavior, combined with conscious self-control, prevents the reaction of negative emotions, which contributed to the long-term preservation of emotional stress and further difficulties in adaptation. Patients with NCD usually had combinations of disharmonious personality traits, which led to the appearance of intrapsychic conflicts between dominant and mutually exclusive types of needs. The actual mental state of children with NDC determined by the Kettell method as a whole manifests itself as a personality of a highly neurotic response, which confirms the connection between NDC and personality traits. Conclusions: These intrapsychic conflicts underlay violations of social adaptation in the school and family spheres, and also prevented psycho-vegetative adaptation, which manifested itself in psychopathological and vegetative-somatic disorders in this disease.
A Review on Recognition of Plant Disease using Intelligent Image Retrieval Techniques

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Today, crops face many characteristics/diseases. Insect damage is one of the main characteristics/ diseases. Insecticides are not always effective because they can be toxic to some birds. A common practice of plant scientists is to visually assess plant damage (leaves, stems) due to disease based on the percentage of disease. Plants suffer from various diseases at any stage of their development. It requires urgent diagnosis and preventive measures to maintain quality and minimize losses. Many researchers have provided plant disease detection techniques to support rapid disease diagnosis. In this review paper, we mainly focus on artificial intelligence (AI) technology, image processing technology (IP), deep learning technology (DL), vector machine (SVM) technology, the network Convergent neuronal (CNN) content detailed description of the identification of different types of diseases in tomato and potato plants based on image retrieval technology (CBIR). It also includes the various types of diseases that typically exist in tomatoes and potatoes. Content-based Image Retrieval (CBIR) technologies should be used as a supplementary tool to enhance search accuracy by encouraging you to access collections of extra knowledge so that it can be useful. CBIR systems mainly use colour, form and texture as core features, such that they work on the first level of the lowest level. This is the most sophisticated method used to diagnose diseases of tomato plants.
P02-115 - Audit of Discussion About Contraception and the Risks of Pregnancy with Female Service Users

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objectives To compare the current standards of clinical practice with the recommendations of NICE guidelines (CG 45). NICE guidelines (CG 45) on Antenatal and Postnatal Mental health suggest that Healthcare professionals should discuss contraception and the risks of pregnancy including relapse, risk to the foetus and risks associated with the stopping or changing medication with all women of child-bearing potential who have an existing mental disorder and or who are taking Psychotropic medication. Method A standardised questionnaire was answered by 50 female patients out of 60, attending New bridge unit in Birmingham for the Outpatient appointment in the month of November -2007. The age group was between 18 and 50. The questionnaire was handed out at the reception and Doctors encouraged patients to fill out the questionnaire. Confidentiality was not compromised. Results 12 (24%) patients were aware of contraception. 17 (34%) knew about the risks of relapse during pregnancy. 15 (30%) women recognised the risks of stopping or changing the medication and 13 (26%) agreed that the risks to foetus were informed to them. This indicated there was room for improvement. Conclusions To improve the standards of practice · The Audit report that highlighted standards, was disseminated to all the clinicians through formal power point Audit presentation and through emails. · The importance of passing on the relevant information to the patients was incorporated in Doctors Handbook for Junior Doctors.
Image enhancement in two-photon laser scanning microscopy

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Two-photon laser scanning microscopy (TPLSM) offers many advantages for exploring biological systems, allowing one to image living cells with less photo-bleaching and -toxicity than is possible with confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The authors investigated and compared the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and the resolution of TPLSM and CLSM on biological specimens. The S-D point spread functions (PSFs) of TPLSM at different excitation intensities demonstrate that resolution decreases with increased excitation intensity; for example, the lateral resolution is 12% worse and axial resolution is 30% worse at nearly 8-fold more intensity. The 3-D PSFs of CLSM, measured at different pinhole sizes, reveal that resolution improves at the smaller pinhole size, while it's optimal SNR lies at 35 /spl mu/m-pinhole. Image-deconvolution techniques improved the resolution of TPLSM from 400 nm to 240 nm in the lateral direction, and from 1080 nm to 540 nm in the axial direction. When combined with its ability to image at increased depth in living biological tissue, TPLSM offers a powerful tool for analyzing biological structures and mechanisms.
Transposable Elements Contribute to the Regulation of Long Noncoding RNAs in Drosophila melanogaster

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Background: Transposable elements (TEs) and noncoding sequences are major components of the genome, yet their functional contributions to long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are not well understood. Although many lncRNAs originating from TEs (TE-lncRNAs) have been identified across various organisms, their characteristics and regulatory roles, particularly in insects, remain largely unexplored. This study integrated multi-omics data to investigate TE-lncRNAs in D. melanogaster, focusing on the influence of transposons across different omics levels. Results: We identified 16,118 transposons overlapping with lncRNA sequences that constitute 2119 TE-lncRNAs (40.4% of all lncRNAs) using 256 public RNA-seq samples and 15 lncRNA-seq samples of Drosophila S2 cells treated with heavy metals. Of these, 67.2% of TE-lncRNAs contain more than one TE. The LTR/Gypsy family was the most common transposon insertion. Transposons preferred to insert into promoters, transcription starting sites, and intronic regions, especially in chromosome ends. Compared with lncRNAs, TE-lncRNAs showed longer lengths, a lower conservation, and lower levels but a higher specificity of expression. Multi-omics data analysis revealed positive correlations between transposon insertions and chromatin openness at the pre-transcriptional level. Notably, a total of 516 TE-lncRNAs provided transcriptional factor binding sites through transposon insertions. The regulatory network of a key transcription factor was rewired by transposons, potentially recruiting other transcription factors to exert regulatory functions under heavy metal stress. Additionally, 99 TE-lncRNAs were associated with m6A methylation modification sites, and 115 TE-lncRNAs potentially provided candidate small open reading frames through transposon insertions. Conclusions: Our data analysis demonstrated that TEs contribute to the regulation of lncRNAs. TEs not only promote the transcriptional regulation of lncRNAs, but also facilitate their post-transcriptional and epigenetic regulation.
Developmentally regulated expression of an exon containing a stop codon in the gene for glutamic acid decarboxylase.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

In the adult rat brain, the gene for glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD; L-glutamate 1-carboxy-lyase, EC 4.1.1.15) is expressed predominantly as a 3.7-kilobase transcript. Earlier data showed that embryonic brain expresses an RNA transcript distinct from the adult form; however, the exact structure of this form was not elucidated. Here, transcripts expressed in the embryonic but not the adult brain were cloned and analyzed. These transcripts include an exon not expressed in the adult inserted into coding sequence. The embryonic exon contains a stop codon that is in-frame with the coding sequence. The exon is found in genomic DNA within the GAD gene where it is flanked by introns with conventional splice sites. On the basis of these structural data, we propose the hypothesis that, early in brain development, transcripts encoding a truncated form of GAD are expressed. The deduced protein cannot function as a decarboxylase because the stop codon in the embryonic exon occurs upstream of the binding site for pyridoxal phosphate, an essential cofactor. Thus, alternative splicing plays a crucial role in the pathway leading to the development of functional GABAergic neurons. The central nervous system-derived cell lines B65 and C6 express a mixture of the adult and embryonic forms of GAD mRNA. They therefore are useful clonal models of central nervous system cells in the early phases of differentiation.
Innovation in Preserving and Conserving Book Heritage

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The Istituto Centrale di Patologia del Libro (ICPL) is a branch of the Italian Ministry of Cultural Heritage and Activities whose work is chiefly concerned with research and specialized training in the conservation and restoration of library materials. The Institute was founded in 1938 during a truly propitious period for cultural heritage in general. It was in 1939, in fact, that Law No. 1089 - 'The Safeguarding of Articles of Artistic and Historic Interest' - was issued, and in the same year the Istituto Centrale di Restauro was established under the direction of Cesare Brandi.
Public Housing Redevelopment As Social Policy

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The social objectives of public housing redevelopment projects have been articulated in terms of improving social justice through the economic benefits and housing options provided. Their redevelopment has not been viewed as neighbourhood renewal, community development or community regeneration in which the focus is on making improvements for the benefit of the existing community. One of the main social aims has been to change resident populations, by relocation and dispersal of tenants and changing the tenure mix. While redevelopment may have considerable economic benefits, the social benefits both for disrupted communities and individuals are mixed.
A Combined Therapy with Myo-Inositol and D-Chiro-Inositol Improves Endocrine Parameters and Insulin Resistance in PCOS Young Overweight Women

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction. We evaluated the effects of a therapy that combines myo-inositol (MI) and D-chiro-inositol (DCI) in young overweight women affected by polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), characterized by oligo- or anovulation and hyperandrogenism, correlated to insulin resistance. Methods. We enrolled 46 patients affected by PCOS and, randomly, we assigned them to two groups, A and B, treated, respectively, with the association of MI plus DCI, in a 40 : 1 ratio, or with placebo (folic acid) for six months. Thus, we analyzed pretreatment and posttreatment FSH, LH, 17-beta-Estradiol, Sex Hormone Binding Globulin, androstenedione, free testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate, HOMA index, and fasting glucose and insulin. Results. We recorded a statistically significant reduction of LH, free testosterone, fasting insulin, and HOMA index only in the group treated with the combined therapy of MI plus DCI; in the same patients, we observed a statistically significant increase of 17-beta-Estradiol levels. Conclusions. The combined therapy of MI plus DCI is effective in improving endocrine and metabolic parameters in young obese PCOS affected women.
Survey on Fault-Tolerant Navigation

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Positioning accuracy, availability and reliability of GPS are dependent on the numbers of visible satellites and geometry structure of satellite constellations. But in poor conditions, it is difficult to satisfy the needs of the precision positioning. In order to improve the validity of the GPS receiver in signal masking occasions, a lot of researchers have proposed a variety of methods. In this paper, the author will analyze the current research status and method of fault-tolerant navigation. Finally, research foreground of fault-tolerant navigation is expected briefly.
Dependence of the density of electrons produced by pulsed surface corona discharge for pre-ionization on pulsed voltage waveform

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Streamer discharges generated by pulsed power are used for decomposition of harmful gas and liquid. The homogeneous formation of streamer discharges in a large volume in a reactor improves the efficiency of decomposition. To form streamer discharges homogeneously, the performance of space ionization by a surface corona discharge has studied. The increase of a pulse width brings the increase of an electron density. The electron density was increased from 1/spl times/10/sup 8/ to 1.6/spl times/10/sup 8/ cm/sup -3/ with the pulse width from 20 to 100 ns (FWHM) in the negative discharge with the pulsed voltage of 6 kV and the rise time of 11 ns. As the pulsed voltage increases from 6 to 10 kV in the negative discharge with the pulse width of 100ns (FWHM) and the rise time of 11 ns, the electron density is increased proportionally from 2.2x10/sup 8/ to 5.4x10/sup 8/ cm/sup -3/. The rise time of the pulsed voltage hardly affects the electron density. The decrease of the pulse rise time from 30 to 10 ns of the negative discharge with the pulsed voltage of 6 kV and the pulse width of 100 ns (FWHM) brings the increase of the electron density from 1.45x10/sup 8/ to 1.7x10/sup 8/ cm/sup -3/. The propagation velocity of the surface corona discharge is 0.65 mm/ns in the negative discharge with the pulsed voltage of 10 kV and the rise time of 11 ns.
Climatology of the Boundary Layer Height and of the Wind Field over Greece

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

In this study, a climatology of two key boundary layer features, the Planetary Boundary Layer Height (PBLH) and the wind field over Greece is derived. The climatology is based on daily soundings collected in Athens, Thessaloniki and Heraklion and spanning a 32-year period. The PBLH is estimated using a method based on the gradient of potential temperature and a method based on the bulk Richardson number. The wind field is analyzed by calculating the wind shear and the turning angle of the wind vector between the surface and the top of the boundary layer. The PBLH of the daytime boundary layer over Athens and Thessaloniki is found to exhibit seasonal variability with summer maxima and winter minima and has annual median values in the range of 1.4–1.7 km estimated using the gradient method. The PBLH over Heraklion is found to exhibit weak seasonal variability with a lower median value of 1.2 km. The nighttime boundary layer over all three sites is found to be much shallower with PBLH values in the range of 150–200 m with no seasonal variations. In addition, the bulk Richardson number method is found to systematically underestimate the PBLH compared to the gradient method. The wind field in the daytime boundary layer at all three sites is found to have small shear of the order of 1 ms−1 and wind turning angles that are lower than 15 degrees, while in the nocturnal boundary layer it has larger shear of the order of 5–10 ms−1 with turning angles lower than 20 degrees. In addition, for both the daytime and the nighttime boundary layer there is no general preference for veering or backing.
Drivers of Demand for Imported Horticultural Commodities: A Cross-Country Comparison

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

International trade of horticultural commodities is increasingly important in many regions of the world, yet relatively little research has studied import patterns of key horticultural crops. Using data between 1991 and 2005, we find that import demand for horticultural commodities in developed countries has been driven primarily by prices and the level of trade openness while income and diet considerations were more important in emerging countries. Furthermore, our results show that the determinants of import demand differed across the selected crops, and therefore information can be lost if data for horticultural commodities are aggregated.