jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
İki Büyük Halk Sağlığı Sorununun Birlikteliği: Sigara ve Tüberküloz

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Tobacco smoking and tuberculosis (TB) are two both of the world&amp;#39;s greatest public health problems. Even though risk factors of TB well defined, association between smoking and TB is still a matter of debate and controversy. In recent studies have summarized a large body of published literature on the association between smoking and various TB outcomes produced evidence that smoking is a risk factor for TB infection and TB disease. In majority of these studies smoking causes additional mortality risk. Active TB disease treatment is not enough anymore. Convertible risk factors such as smoking are new viewpoint. World Health Organization (WHO) set up TB control programs with control from critical and preventable risk factors as smoking and alcoholism within a Directly Observed Treatment Strategy-based (DOTS) programme. Key words: Tuberculosis; Smoking; Risk Factors.
E. Landau-Tasseron. « Adoption, acknowledgement of paternity and false genealogical claims in Arabian and Islamic Societies ». Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, 66/2, (2003), pp. 169-192.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

L’étude des notions d’adoption, de reconnaissance de paternité et de généalogie fictive offre des éléments importants pour l’histoire sociale de l’islam. Si ces trois pratiques ont pour but commun l’introduction d’un étranger dans un groupe donné, il n’en reste pas moins qu’elles sont fondamentalement distinctes, bien qu’ayant fait jusqu’alors l’objet de nombreuses confusions. Cette opacité relative s’explique par des difficultés lexicales, et l’A. propose une étude soigneuse de la terminolog...
Climate-Proofing Health Care: Strategies for Resilience

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Points • As the adverse health impacts of climate change intensify, countries must promptly adopt multisectoral measures to climate-proof health systems, with an emphasis on safeguarding vulnerable groups.• In August 2023, the Asian Development Bank supported a Group of Twenty (G20) health working group for mainstreaming the climate and health agenda, and G20 Health Ministers made collective commitments.• During the G20 New Delhi Declaration in September 2023, G20 leaders reaffirmed this commitment and called for continued collaboration with multilateral development banks.• The historic COP28 Summit in December 2023 marked progress in tackling climate change, but urgent actions are needed to phase out fossil fuels and mobilize funds for climate-vulnerable countries.• This policy brief aims to bring forward evidencebased strategies to create resilient healthcare systems that safeguard inhabitants from the severe health effects of climate change.
Recognition of tRNA His in an RNase P-Free Nanoarchaeum

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Mature tRNA His has, at its 5′-terminus, an extra guanosine with 5′-monophosphate, designated G-1. G-1 is the major recognition element for histidyl-tRNA synthetase (HisRS), regardless of whether it is of eukaryotic or prokaryotic origin.
A sensitive semi-quantitative biotin-streptavidin ELISA for the detection of potyviruses infecting cucurbits

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The biotin-streptavidin (BA)-ELISA system was optimized for the detection of three potyviruses infecting cucurbits, the watermelon strain of papaya ringspot virus (PRSV-W), zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) and watermelon mosaic virus 2. BA-ELISA was four to eight times more sensitive than double antibody sandwich ELISA and detected all three viruses in the nanogram range. BA-ELSA was virus-specific but did not differentiate between different pathotypes of ZYMV. The use of egg-white avidin-enzyme conjugate or the simultaneous incubation of biotinylated antibody and streptavidin-enzyme conjugate decreased the sensitivity of BA-ELISA. The concentrations of PRSV-W and ZYMV in field-infected cucurbit specimens or in resistant breeding lines were estimated from calibration curves derived from a dilution series of purified virus in extracts of uninfected plants on each test plate. Thus it was possible to determine semi-quantitatively the degree and uniformity of resistance in plants from these lines and to differentiate resistant from tolerant selections.
R&D activity in Canada: does corporate ownership structure matter?

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Abstract This study examines the link between ownership structures and R&D activities in Canada. We hypothesize that highly concentrated ownership structures or the presence of controlling minority shareholders negatively affects R&D intensity of Canadian manufacturing firms. Our results show that the concentration of voting rights is negatively related to the level of R&D expenditure and R&D outcomes. Furthermore, we show that the level of separation between the voting and cash flow rights held by dominant shareholders of “Controlling Minority Structure” firms has a positive effect on R&D intensity but a negative effect on R&D outcomes. Copyright © 2010 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determinants of host susceptibility to murine respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) disease identify a role for the innate immunity scavenger receptor MARCO gene in human infants

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

AbstractBackgroundRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the global leading cause of lower respiratory tract infection in infants. Nearly 30% of all infected infants develop severe disease including bronchiolitis, but susceptibility mechanisms remain unclear.MethodsWe infected a panel of 30 inbred strains of mice with RSV and measured changes in lung disease parameters 1 and 5days post-infection and they were used in genome-wide association (GWA) studies to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) and susceptibility gene candidates.FindingsGWA identified QTLs for RSV disease phenotypes, and the innate immunity scavenger receptor Marco was a candidate susceptibility gene; targeted deletion of Marco worsened murine RSV disease. We characterized a human MARCO promoter SNP that caused loss of gene expression, increased in vitro cellular response to RSV infection, and associated with increased risk of disease severity in two independent populations of children infected with RSV.InterpretationTranslational integration of a genetic animal model and in vitro human studies identified a role for MARCO in human RSV disease severity. Because no RSV vaccines are approved for clinical use, genetic studies have implications for diagnosing individuals who are at risk for severe RSV disease, and disease prevention strategies (e.g. RSV antibodies).
ATTEMPTED SURGICAL CORRECTION OF A PERSISTENT RIGHT FOURTH AORTIC ARCH IN A JUVENILE ROTHSCHILD'S GIRAFFE (GIRAFFA CAMELOPARDALIS ROTHSCHILDI)

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

A 5-mo-old female Rothschild's giraffe ( Giraffa camelopardalis rothschildi) presented for regurgitation. Esophagoscopy at 24 wk of age revealed a markedly dilated cranial esophagus with a tight stricture at the level of the heart base consistent with a vascular ring anomaly. Surgical exploration confirmed persistent right fourth aortic arch with ductus originating from left subclavian artery at its junction with the aorta and left subclavian artery. The patent ductus arteriosus was surgically ligated. The procedure was complicated by limited surgical access and vascular friability resulting in uncontrollable hemorrhage, and the animal was euthanatized. The animal's large size and unique shape precluded preoperative examination by computed tomography. Surgical accessibility was poor because cranial retraction of the thoracic limb was limited. Histology revealed focal degeneration of the aorta and subclavian artery and muscular degeneration of the esophagus. Degeneration was attributed to local hypoxia from compression by the vascular structure as the animal grew.
Comprehensive Study of Energy Characteristics and Biohazard Assessment of Municipal Solid Waste from the Landfill of the City of Atyrau

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

This article presents the results of the study of the morphological composition of municipal solid waste (MSW) from the landfill of Atyrau city, and the waste’s energy characteristics and presence of microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi and viruses. This study was carried out under a government order to determine the feasibility of recycling accumulated and incoming waste into electricity and its hazard to the environment and the workers involved in handling it. At the moment, there is no MSW recycling in Kazakhstan, which has led to the accumulation of more than 125 million tons of waste with an annual increase of 5 million tons. The research included four major cities (Almaty, Shymkent, Atyrau and Astana), which were selected not only on the basis of population, but also because the cities were located in different climatic zones. Samples were collected at the city landfills: 10 samples with an average distance of 100 m from each other were collected to provide a maximum coverage of both recently received waste and long-time stored waste. The research showed that neither climatic conditions nor the population size had a significant impact on MSW density, the values of which ranged from 120.1 kg/m3 to 145.4 kg/m3, as this indicator directly depends on the quality of life. The mass of the combustible fraction ranged from 39.41% to 54.62% and was mainly represented by plastic, textile and paper waste. The average value for the four cities was 50.30%. The higher calorific value fell in the range of 24.22–30.49 MJ/kg, with an average value of 26.71 MJ/kg. Microbiological studies showed little difference in average composition regardless of climatic conditions. Thus, no sharp differences in MSW composition, its energy characteristics and microbiological composition were found. The results of this study may be useful for optimising MSW recycling and disposal processes, as well as for developing measures to reduce their negative impact on the environment and human health.
A Method for Predicting Wear Behaviours of Roller Linear Guides Under the Influence of the Relative Humidity and Ambient Temperature

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The wear of roller linear guides (RLG) has a direct impact on the tooling precision of CNC machine tool. Wear depends on working conditions: load P, speed V, work environment which includes relative humidity RH and ambient temperature T. In this paper the mathematical regression function describes the relationship between the wear amount U of RLG with the three factors P, RH and T built on the basis of experimental research. The results show that the wear regression function U has an exponential form, which is consistent with experiments about the influence of climatic environment. It describes the simultaneous impact of three factors P, RH, T that affect wear of CNC machine tool rolling guide. With Vietnam's hot and humid environmental conditions, relative humidity RH% = 51 - 99%, temperature T = 15 - 450C, and load P = 2 - 6kgf, the influence on rolling guide wear of normal load P is 2 times the humidity RH% and about 3.8 times that of temperature T. Therefore, it is possible to predict the change in wear amount according to two environmental factors when loading P at certain values.
Clinical characteristics of patients with psoriasis associated with metabolic syndrome

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To evaluate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome(MS) in patients with psoriasis,and explore the clinical features of the patients with metabolic syndrome-associated psoriasis.Methods Two hundred and two patients with psoriasis were investigated by face-to-face questionnaire,physical and laboratory examinations.Information included age,sex,the age of onset,duration of the disease,disease severity,family history,education level,waistline,fasting plasma glucose(FPG),triglyceride(TC),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C) and blood pressure(BP).The diagnosis of MS was established according to the criteria of International Diabetes Federation(IDF).Results ① Of 202 patients with psoriasis,45 suffered from metabolic syndrome,accounting for 22.27%.② The patients with metabolic syndrome-associated psoriasis always had significantly higher average age and the age of onset,longer disease history and severer symptoms than those psoriasis patients without metabolic syndrome(P0.05),while no significant difference was found between the two groups in sex,family history and education level(P0.05).③ The patients with metabolic syndrome-associated psoriasis had significantly longer waistline,fasting plasma glucose,triglyceride,blood pressure and lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol than the psoriasis patients without metabolic syndrome(P0.01).④ More psoriasis patients with metabolic syndrome were smokers and indulging in drinking than those psoriasis patients without metabolic syndrome(P0.05),while no evident difference existed between the two groups in exercises and sleep(P0.05).Conclusion Metabolic syndrome is highly prevalent among the patients with psoriasis,which might be associated with smoking and drinking.
FLUCTUATES IN POPULATION SIZE1

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Allelic frequencies did not change at five polymorphic loci in seedlings grown from seeds collected in four consecutive years in a geographically peripheral population of the annual plant Stephanomeria ezigua ssp. coronaria (Compositae) , even though the population number fluctuated during this period by 50:i. Genetic stability is attributed to buffering effects provided by seed storage in the ground. Evidence described elsewhere suggests that this population was the recent progenitor of a new diploid species. The present result indicates that fluctuations in number of individuals in the parental population were probably not involved in the origin of the new species. ISOLATED populations on the geographical periphery of widespread species often undergo drastic and unpredictable expansions and contractions in numbers of individuals. Such fluctuations have been considered to set the stage for the establishment of novel genetic features and for speciation (CARSON 1968; LEWIS 1962, 1973). Evidence has been presented elsewhere (GOTTLIEB 1973a) that a peripheral isolate of the annual plant Stephanomeria exigua ssp. coronaria (Compositae) in eastern Oregon was the recent progenitor of a new diploid species with which it is still sympatric. The derivative species, presently called “Malheurensis,” is self-pollinating and very similar morphologically to ssp. coronaria. Electrophoretic analysis demonstrated that its gene pool is a highly limited extraction of the alleles present in the progenitor population. The progenitor population (as well as the derivative) experiences considerable yearly fluctuations in number of individuals in response to certain climatic factors, particularly the amount and timing of precipitation. Consequently, it was worthwhile to determine whether these fluctuations affect its allelic frequencies and could have been implicated in the origin of “Malheurensis”. The environmental conditions required for seed germination and seedling survival are often not satisfied at the study site in many years because of insufficient and irregular rainfall. However, since seeds remain viable for long periods of time (following storage in the laboratory, 10-20% of field-collected seeds are viable after five years), it is likely that the soil at the study site contains a pool of seeds contributed over many generations, with the mating group of any one
Finally “Changing Lenses”? State-Level Determinants of Restorative Justice Laws

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article presents a mixed methods study exploring a legislative trend toward the use of restorative justice practices in correctional settings. Results indicate that the percentage of Black residents in a state, the percentage of female legislators in a state legislature, and a state’s incarceration rates are predictive of more supportive restorative justice policy adoptions at the state level, while controlling for other explanations. The study weighs political and economic considerations in the adoption of policies with the potential to reduce overincarceration and suggests that at least some contemporary criminal justice police making is motivated by changing constructions of justice.
Theoretical investigation of stability behaviour Final report

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Aerodynamic instabilities of axial compressors are investigated numerically and compared with experimental results. In unbladed regions of the compressor the flow is simulated by means of 2D Euler equations. The coupling of different parts of the compressor, which is characterized by the influence of stator and rotor, is captured in terms of conservation laws and source terms from compressor characteristics. At inflow and outflow nonreflecting boundary conditions have been used in order to avoid any nonphysical reflexions at the boundary. Numerically simulating the system for selected initial and boundary conditions, we observed that for increasing values of exit pressure the compressor flow undergoes several qualitative changes. At some critical value of exit pressure a primary stable steady state loses stability to several coexisting time periodic states with a number of rotating stall cells. While for these time periodic states the mass flow does not depend on time, all solution branches lead finally to surge, i.e. to states with an oscillation of mass flow in time if the exit pressure is sufficiently large. In addition it is shown that the numerical results correspond well to measurements from a low-speed research compressor. (orig.)
Determination of formic and acetic acids in air

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Formic and acetic acids are often responsible for damage of cultural objects, e. g. glass and metal corrosion or changing and fading of colours. Museums all around the world are equipped with different show cases. Display cases should protect cultural objects from dust as well as from mechanical damage. Several construction materials which are used for display cases, including wood, glue and coatings, are possible sources of very volatile organic compounds (VVOCs), volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and semi volatile organic compounds (SVOCs). These construction products can emit formic and acetic acids into the indoor or display case air. Modern display cases with small air change rates can cause higher concentrations of formic and acetic acids if any source is installed in the display case (Salthammer and Uhde, 2009). To minimize the risk of damage emissions from building products must be quantified. There is a need for a method for identification and quantification of acetic and formic acid. Some possibilities for the identification of acetic acid exist. The quantification of acetic acid for example after sampling on TENAX® or CARBOTRAP and thermal desorption-GC in accordance with ISO 16000-6 and ISO 16017-1 results in very low recovery rates. A new method should be stabile, robust, reproducible and comparable, with an easy local sampling and determination in laboratories. Miniaturised emission test chambers and model display cases were used to study the recovery rates.
Master of Uncertainty: How Strategic Resilient Organizations Navigate Crisis

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

ABSTRACT Strategic resilient organizations (SROs) adapt and recover from adversity by drawing on dynamic and context‐specific internal capabilities. This study investigates the combinatory conditions under which small and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) achieve strategic resilience. Using fuzzy‐set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA), we analyze how different configurations of internal mechanisms such as slack, planning, expertise, resources, and strategic innovation interact to produce resilience outcomes. Our findings identify three distinct configurational paths, each sufficient for achieving high levels of strategic resilience, though nonreliant on a single factor alone. Across all configurations, organizational slack consistently emerges as a critical enabler, though not universally sufficient in isolation. Contrary to linear or additive models, our results support a configurational approach where resilience arises through interdependent mechanisms. The study advances theory by integrating insights from dynamic capabilities and the resource‐based view, challenging the notion of a homogeneous path to resilience. Managerially, the findings offer actionable guidance on how SMEs can cultivate resilience by aligning internal features to context‐specific demands. Future research should explore the temporal dynamics and cross‐sector applicability of these configurations.
Rapid Semimicro Procedure for Estimating Free and Total Cholesterol

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract A rapid procedure for the determination of both free and total cholesterol in serum is described. The color development is extremely rapid, and once fully developed the color remains stable for several hours. The heat of reaction produced by the combination of concentrated sulfuric acid, phosphoricacid, and glacial acetic acid is apparently responsible for the rapid color development. The stable ferric chloride reagent containingphosphoric acid appears to be the contributing factor to the stability of the color. The results obtained with this procedure compare favorably with those obtained with saponification methods.
National Human Genome Research Institute Genomic Data Science Analysis, Visualization, and Informatics Lab-Space: Reaching out to Clinicians

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

enetic testing in the clinic has begun to emerge as a tool towards diagnosis in addition to serving as a confirmatory function. 1The ability of genetic testing to play a leading role in diagnosis depends on the research and understanding of the role of genetic variants in specific diseases, as well as the underlying architecture and systems that support our health care providers.The National Human Genome Research Institute Genomic Data Science Analysis, Visualization, and Informatics Lab-space (AnVIL) is a cloud-based genomic data sharing and analysis platform.AnVIL facilitates integration and computing on and across large datasets generated by National Human Genome Research Institute programs, as well as initiatives funded by National Institutes of Health or by other agencies that support human genomics research.Since the launch of AnVIL in 2018, the platform provides access to genomic data from over 600 000 samples from several major consortiums including but not limited to 1000 Genomes, Centers for Common Disease Genomics, Center for Mendelian Genomics, eMERGE Network (electronic medical records and genomics), Genotype-Tissue Expression Biobank, Human Pangenome Reference Consortium, the Polygenic Risk in Diverse Populations Consortium, and the Telomere-to-Telomere consortium.The multiple consortiums sharing data through AnVIL have obtained Institutional Review Board approval.AnVIL is designed to provide the tools