jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Large-scale Additive Manufacturing of Highly Exothermic Reactive Polymer Systems

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Additive manufacturing (AM) of reactive polymer systems involves the deposition of materials at room temperature that either cure during printing through a chemically initiated reaction or require thermal initiation after printing. This presentation focuses on large-scale AM of chemically initiated thermosetting resins to characterize the effects of heat generation, temperature-dependent viscoelasticity, and crosslinking on the printing process. Real-time tracking of both temperature and cure fronts during the build process were investigated using infrared (IR) and optical vision systems in combination with selected material dyes. Heat generation within the previously-deposited layers was observed to cause significant reduction in the storage modulus (G’) and viscosity of newly-deposited layers, resulting in bead instabilities and failure of the print. Quantitative experimental observations on thin-wall structures suggest strategies for mitigating this failure mode through selection of print parameters and tailoring of viscoelastic properties of the feedstock resin.
Supplementary Figure 4 from Targeting NAD<sup>+</sup> Biosynthesis Overcomes Panobinostat and Bortezomib-Induced Malignant Glioma Resistance

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

<p>Supplemental Figure 4. Volcano plot representing differentially expressed genes for U87 naive versus resistant cells with a minimum of a 1.5-fold change, P-value < 0.05 and FDR < 0.10 between control and A.</p>
Synthesis of a Chiral α-(Aminooxy)arylacetic Ester. I. A Route through Optical Resolution of a Racemic α-(Phthalimidooxy)arylacetic Acid

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract A synthetic route has been developed to the synthesis of a chiral O-alkyloxime (S)-16, which can be a synthetic intermediate for a potent antipsedomonal cephalosporin antibiotic M-14659 (1). The oxime moiety in (S)-16 has a chiral center at the carbon atom adjacent to the oxygen atom. We have achieved that (S)-16 can be prepared via t-butyl 2-aminooxy-2-[3,4-(isopropylidenedioxy)phenyl]acetate [(S)-15] from an optically active α-(phthalimidooxy) acid (S)-12a which is obtained by resolution using quinine. It has been demostrated that M-14659 prepared from (S)-16 is completely free from its (R)-diastereomer.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF CHILDREN'S STRATEGIC PROCESSING IN READING RECOVERY

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

It was the purpose of this study to examine and describe first-grade children's development of strategic processes for detecting and correcting errors, problem solving difficult or novel words, and confirmingresponses in order to be successful as they participated in Reading Recovery instruction, as opposed to simply increasing "item" knowledge(i.e.,identifying more letters, recognizing more words, etc.) as is true so often in special assistance tutoring (Allington & Walmsley, 1995). Further,the intent was to investigate qualitative differences in children's strategic processing and to determine if growth in strategic processing is related to differences in entry-level skills. And finally, this study investigated whether an extended evaluation format for running record analysis developed by the author could provide useful information about children's progress toward independent, strategic reading. Participants in the study included 27 children who were receiving Reading Recovery instruction in four schools in a large Midwestern city. Running records of text reading (Clay, 1993a) were collected at three points in their programs and analyzed for strategic processing. A repeated measures ANOVA was conducted to explore children'sdevelopment of the use of problem-solving strategies as well as the outcome of their attempts. This analysis revealed that as a group these children significantly increased their use of all strategies as suggested by behavioral indicators (e.g., substitution attempts, rereading, etc.) and decreased the number of unproductive attempts. Qualitative differences in strategic processing are discussed and implications for instruction are provided.
A game theoretic truthful reputation mechanism in mobile ad hoc networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

ABSTRACT Reputation models in mobile ad hoc networks are confronted with the problem of strategically reporting dishonest recommendations given by a selfish group whose purpose is to maximize its benefit. To solve this problem, a truthful and group strategyproof reputation mechanism based on cooperative game theory is proposed in this paper. We first study two supermodular total compensatory payment functions. On the basis of the selection game, we construct a corresponding indirect revelation mechanism and a direct revelation mechanism called claiming compensation mechanism, which is proved to be group strategyproof. Then we choose the extended Shapley value as the concrete compensatory payment scheme and propose an algorithm to generate possible outcome groups for the claiming compensation mechanism. Simulation results show that when we use the total compensatory payments function, which does not relate to cost values, the proposed mechanism is group strategyproof. Finally, all possible situations for a liar are demonstrated and discussed. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
MARKETING STRATEGY FOR A PUBLIC LIBRARY

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The aim is to develop a marketing strategy for Regional Library Lyuben Karavelov – Ruse. The funds for the adequate development and survival of the researched library are generally insufficient. State and municipal institutions and structures, as key financial and other partners, do not have sustainable policies and a long-term vision for the development of the library. This necessitates diversifying its funding sources through a marketing strategy. Accordingly, markets are segmented, current and prospective target markets are determined, and approaches for positioning Regional Library Lyuben Karavelov – Ruse are outlined. Marketing tools "8P" (Product, Place, Promotion, Price, Processes, Physical Environment and Evidence, People, Productivity and Quality) and "4C" (Customer, Convenience, Communication, Cost) have been developed to ensure better positioning of the library and the implementation of the strategy.
Dental morphology of the pycnodontid fish †Stemmatodus rhombus (Agassiz 1844) (Neopterygii, †Pycnodontiformes) from the Early Cretaceous, with comments on its systematic position

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

ABSTRACT The dental morphology of the pycnodontid fish † Stemmatodus rhombus (Agassiz, 1844) from the Lower Cretaceous (lower Barremian) of southern Italy is described in detail. SEM pictures of vomerine and prearticular teeth are provided for the first time allowing the comparison with other Early Cretaceous pycnodonts, which are only known from isolated dental remains. The dentition of † Stemmatodus rhombus consists of incisiform grasping teeth on the paired premaxillae and dentaries and crushing teeth on the unpaired vomer and paired prearticulars. The vomerine teeth are arranged in five longitudinal rows, which display symmetry with a distinct median principal and two lateral rows. The prearticular bears three longitudinal rows. Teeth of the main row are much wider than those of the lateral ones. The tooth crowns are rather flat and expose a shallow apical depression, which is surrounded by a ring of widely-spaced small tubercles. The ornamentation and arrangement of teeth distinguishes dentitions of † Stemmatodus from all other pycnodonts. The wear pattern of the teeth is evaluated and the significance of the dental morphology in pycnodont taxonomy is discussed. In addition, the systematic position of † Stemmatodus is discussed.
The NE Atlantic glass sponges Pheronema carpenteri (Thomson) and P. grayi Kent (Porifera: Hexactinellida) are synonyms

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Since 1870, it has been generally accepted that two very similar species of the amphidiscophoran genus Pheronema Leidy inhabit the NE Atiantic. Pheronema carpenteri (Thomson, 1869) was first described as the indicative organism of the 'Hotienia ground' NW of Scotland at 970 m. Pheronema grayi (Kent, 1870) was described from the coast of Portugal from similar depth. The species were differentiated mainly by body form and distribution of conspicuous external spiculation. Occurrences of the two species reported since then document their broadly overlapping horizontal and vertical distributions at bathyal depths throughout the NE Atlantic and E Mediterranean. Conspicuously, not one of 16 collections containing either species included both species. Review of literature descriptions and inspection of key specimens show that no characters provide unambiguous differentiation of the two forms. Based upon this evidence, and discovery of correspondence in which Kent privately negated the validity of his species, it is concluded that only one species population of Pheronema occurs in this region. Pheronema grayi is thus a junior synonym of P. carpenteri.
Effects of stimulus site on the pattern of skin conductance responses evoked from spinal man.

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The spatial organization of sudomotor responses mediated by the cervically transected human spinal cord was investigated by recording skin conductance responses from the volar surfaces of the hands and feet of 10 patients after pulse trains applied separately to the skin of each extremity. Each stimulus site tended to be associated with a distinctive pattern of skin conductance responses.
Spectroscopic and photophysical properties of dicopper(I) metallocyclophanes

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Electronic properties have been calculated for derivatives of long lived Cu(I) metallocyclophanes, which are self‐assembling coordination complexes that have metal–ligand charge‐transfer excited states. The molecules studied here are not the typical linear push–pull type with electron withdrawing and donating substituents at either end. The central C 2 axis is preserved by putting the same type of substituent on one end of the cylindrical molecule. In theory, a pseudo‐octupolar species can be obtained by a proper balance of substituents at either end of the cylinder. DFT/PBE0 geometry optimizations of the quinoxaline/pyridine derivatives show a preference for the enantiomeric C 2 isomer over the centrosymmetric C i one. Geometry optimizations of the first excited state using TD‐DFT indicate loss of C 2 symmetry and return to the ground state. First order hyperpolarizabilities were calculated using analytic gradients. Gas phase hyperpolarizabilities were enhanced by an order of magnitude when recalculated using a Polarized Continuum Model for the polar solvent acetonitrile. Electron withdrawing groups gave positive total β and donating groups gave negative β, both approximately 400 × 10 −30 esu. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2010
ASSESSING THE RISKS OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES IN CAPTIVE BREEDING AND REINTRODUCTION PROGRAMS

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Disease risks are an inherent part of captive breeding, translocation, and reintroduction programs and of research involving contact between researchers and animals. Thus, quantitative assessment of the risks of disease should be an important part of developing conservation strategies. Population viability analysis (PVA) and the use of computer modeling allows conservation planners to examine the potential effects of both the catastrophic and subcatastrophic effects of disease on long-term population viability, measured as probability of extinction, and to explore strategies to mitigate unacceptably high risks. The effects of diseases on the demographic, environmental, and genetic aspects of a population should be examined. Metapopulation management strategies that establish geographically separate populations are likely to provide protection against total population extinction due to single disease epidemics. However, to offset the genetic costs of smaller population size, movement of animals (under quarantined supervision) may be required.
Potential for Colonization and Ochratoxin A Production of Aspergillus Carbonarius in Different Grape Varieties

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Aspergillus carbonarius has been identified as the main fungus responsable to produce ochratoxin A (OTA) in grapes cultived in various countries. OTA is well-know nephrotoxic agent and has been associated to the incidence of tumors of the urinary organs. The properties immunosuppressive, teratogenic and carcinogenic have also been reported. The International Agency of Research on Cancer has classified OTA in group 2B, as a possible human carcinogenic. The presence of A. carbonarius in grapes depends on pH, water activity and temperature. Beyond these factors, the grape variety can play an important role in the levels of OTA in grapes and derivatives, including juice, wine and dried grapes. The objective of this work was to evaluate the potential of colonization and ability to produce OTA of A. carbonarius in three grape varieties (Cabernet Sauvignon, Isabel e Italy). These grapes were produced in Serra Gaúcha region of Rio Grande do Sul state, Brasil in the 2014 crop. Only grapes not physically damaged were used in this study. The strain of A. carbonarius used in this work was isolated from naturally infected grapes and the toxigenic potential was previously confirmed using thin layer chromatography with charge coupled device. A conidial suspension it was applied to the grapes that were maintained at 25°C during 12 days. Isabel and Italy grapes showed visible fungal growth and OTA only after 9° day at 25°C. Cabernet Sauvignon was the variety more resistente to the colonization by A. carbonarius, including that after 12 days OTA was not produced by this fungus. After 12 days at 25°C, the damage caused by A. carbonarius in Italy grape occuped all grape. In Cabernet Sauvignon, a little damage (A. carbonarius and subsequent OTA production depends on the variety of grape. This fact may be related to the thickness of the grape skin, because Cabernet Sauvignon has the most rigid skin and was more resistant to fungal contamination. These observations are important to plan actions to minimize fungal contamination in the most susceptible grapes.
[The use of topical negative pressure in an open abdomen].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The article is a review of the literature concerning the use of topical negative pressure (TNP) in open abdomen. TNP appears to be superior to other methods in that the frequency of ventral hernia seems to be less after TNP than after other methods. TNP reduces both the cost of nursing and the damage to the abdominal wall. Vacuum-assisted closure (VAC) appears to be superior to the vacuum pack technique, but there is a lack of studies comparing the two methods of TNP in open abdomen.
The Lived Experience of College Choice

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to explore the college decision-making process of high school juniors and seniors. In previous studies, researchers asserted that participants undergo a sequential multi-staged process to determine their college of choice. This study moved away from a standard methodological approach, framing the college decision-making process as complex, multifaceted, and deeply personal. Data for participants were presented in thematic form, showcasing an ever-changing college choice process. Participants began with a dream school and fallback school in mind, which helped to guide their initial search efforts. However, these schools were not static, and various factors (economic, sociological, and psychological) had more or less relevance to individuals as they progressed through the process. In predisposition, economic and sociological factors held particular significance as participants made their initial decisions. In the later stages of search and choice, these gave way to psychological factors, which became prominent in participants’ final choices as they visualized their future college lives. Three profiles of the college choice process illustrate participants’ lived experience. Overall, the study provides a more comprehensive understanding of the college decision-making process, with a focus on helping institutions reach prospective students through the admission procedure. This research could be useful in designing university marketing campaigns, enhancing university branding initiatives, or improving recruiting practices, moving particular institutions into students’ college choice set. University personnel could utilize some of the lived experiences found here to create personal connections with prospective students through the use of authentic, direct, and visually oriented marketing materials.
Sexual Arousal, Attention, Perceptions, and Sexual Narcissism: A Cognitive Conditional Process Model of Sexual Coercion

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Previous research has suggested that as heterosexual males become sexually aroused, they are more likely to interpret potential sexual partners as interested in sexual activity and are subsequently more likely to use sexual coercion. There is also evidence that individuals higher in sexual narcissism are more likely to be sexually coercive. It is unclear, however, how sexual arousal, perceptions of partner interest, and sexual narcissism are related to one another and how this relationship may be similar or different for heterosexual females. Furthermore, cognitive research on attention and motivation supports the theory that increased state-motivation (e.g., hunger) biases our attention to cues that support our goals. The current research attempted to synthesize existing theory and propose a conditional process model of heterosexual males’ and females’ use of sexual coercion. Results partially supported our hypotheses. There was no evidence to support that physiological or self-reported sexual arousal predicted sexual coercion for heterosexual males or females. There was evidence to support that biased attention towards consent cues predicted males’, but not females’ use of sexual coercion. The effect was also conditional on higher levels of sexual narcissism. Perceptions of partner interest was predictive of sexual coercion for both males and females, but the effect was conditional on higher levels of sexual narcissism for females. These findings demonstrate the importance of replication studies and the use of multiple factors when predicting sexual coercion. Research and clinical implications are discussed.
Primary Murine Macrophages as a Tool for Virulence Factor Discovery in Coxiella burnetii

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Coxiella burnetii , the causative agent of Q fever, preferentially infects macrophages of the respiratory tract when causing human disease. This work describes how primary macrophages respond to C. burnetii at the earliest stages of infection, before bacterial replication.
Travelling waves in models of neural tissue: from localised structures to periodic waves

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract

\nWe consider travelling waves (fronts, pulses and periodics) in spatially extended one dimensional neural field models. We demonstrate for an excitatory field with linear adaptation that, in addition to an expected stable pulse solution, a stable anti-pulse can exist. Varying the adaptation strength we unravel the organizing centers of the bifurcation diagram for fronts and pulses, with a mixture of exact analysis for a Heaviside firing rate function and novel numerical schemes otherwise. These schemes, for non-local models with space-dependent delays, further allow for the construction and continuation of periodic waves. We use them to construct the dispersion curve – wave speed as a function of period – and find that they can be oscillatory and multi-valued, suggesting bistability of periodic waves. A kinematic theory predicts the onset of wave instabilities at stationary points in the dispersion curve, leading to period doubling behaviour, and is confirmed with direct numerical simulations. We end with a discussion of how the construction of dispersion curves may allow a useful classification scheme of neural field models for epileptic waves.\n

PACS codes

\nPrimary 87.19.lj; 87.19.le; 87.19.lq; 87.19.lf\n
The relative roles of habitat heterogeneity and disturbance in drosophilid assemblages ( D iptera, D rosophilidae) in the C errado

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract The Brazilian Cerrado, a vegetation mosaic considered to be a unique savannah hotspot, contains a great diversity of insects. It is uncertain how communities of insects in the Cerrado respond, at local scale, to the strong heterogeneity of the biome or to the increasing levels of anthropogenic disturbance. This study examines the relative importance of habitat heterogeneity and human disturbance for the structure of drosophilid assemblages in this biome. Our results are based on standardised monthly sampling at 25 sites (3 conserved forests, 4 disturbed forests, 8 conserved savannahs, and 10 disturbed savannahs) throughout 1 year. The assemblage compositions differed across habitats. The conserved forests had a singular drosophilid assemblage characterised by typical narrow‐ranging neotropical species. Assemblages from savannahs and disturbed forests contained more exotic species than those from conserved forests. The assemblages of disturbed forests were more similar to those of the savannahs than to those of the conserved forests. Savannah assemblages did not differ from each other; these assemblages shared a great number of both exotic and neotropical species widespread in neotropical regions. At the reserve scale, the strong natural heterogeneity of the Cerrado is the primary factor impacting the structure of drosophilid assemblages. Nevertheless, disturbance explained the differences in assemblage structure between the conserved and disturbed forests. Even low disturbance levels in forests could cause a decrease in heterogeneity and begin to impoverish these environments, leading to the biotic homogenisation of this currently rich biome.
Disuse bone loss in hindquarter suspended rats: partial weightbearing, exercise and ibandronate treatment as countermeasures.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate potential countermeasures for bone loss during long-term space missions in the hindquarter suspended rat, including partial weight bearing (surrogate for artificial gravity) episodic full weight bearing (2 hour/day full weight bearing) and treatment with the third generation bisphosphonate ibandronate (Roche). Graded mechanical loading was studied by housing the animals on a novel servo controlled force plate system which permitted the titration of mechanical force at varying frequency and amplitude and different levels of weight bearing. The force plate, which forms the cage floor, is a glass platform supported by an 18" diameter speaker cone filled with expanding polyurethane foam. An infrared optical sensor attached to the speaker cone yields a voltage linearly related to vertical displacement of the glass platform. The dynamic force on the paw was computed as a product of the apparent mass of the animal on the platform at rest and the acceleration of the platform determined from the second derivative of the optical sensor output. The mass of the animal on the platform was varied by adjusting tension on the tether suspending the animal. Mechanical impact loading was titrated with the force plate resonating at different frequencies, including 3 Hz and 16 Hz.