jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Surgery of the nail plate

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The nail plate, commonly called "the nail," is a platelike keratinous structure, which is exclusively formed by the matrix. It has several functions: it exerts a counterpressure against the upward force of the pulp-thus allowing a fine prehension-and protects the distal phalanx. The nail constitutes a very useful tool, but also is an awesome weapon. It is a very passive structure as its alterations may come from any surrounding structure (matrix, bed, proximal nail fold, etc.) or from any exogenous cause (infection, color, trauma, etc.).
Valuing Global Public Goods: A European Delphi Stated Preference Survey of Population Willingness to Pay for Amazon Rainforest Preservation

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

No AccessPolicy Research Working Papers18 Nov 2013Valuing Global Public Goods: A European Delphi Stated Preference Survey of Population Willingness to Pay for Amazon Rainforest PreservationAuthors/Editors: Ståle Navrud, Jon StrandStåle Navrud, Jon Strandhttps://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-6637SectionsAboutView ChaptersPDF (1.9 MB) ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareFacebookTwitterLinked In Abstract: The Amazon Rainforest is a global public good. As such, and given that 15 percent of the original Amazon forest area has already been lost, households worldwide might be willing to pay to reduce or avoid additional losses. A full elicitation of global preferences for valuing preservation of the current forest, using stated-preference population surveys, would be costly and time consuming. Alternatively, this paper uses a Delphi stated-preference technique in which 48 European environmental valuation experts were asked to provide "best guesses" on the possible outcomes of population surveys in their own countries and Europe as a whole. The expert judgments indicate willingness to pay in Europe for preserving the current Amazon Rainforest of about 28 € per household per year on average; a slightly lower value is inferred for a plan that allows a 10 percent future reduction from the current rainforest area. The income elasticity of experts' stated willingness to pay with respect to per-capita income in their own countries is in the range 0.5–0.8. These findings indicate that Delphi studies might be used more widely as a tool for global benefit transfer. Previous bookNext book FiguresreferencesRecommendeddetailsCited byUsing the Delphi method to value protection of the Amazon rainforestEcological Economics, Vol.131Pooling expert opinion on environmental discounting: An international delphi surveyConservation and Society, Vol.14, No.3 View Published: October 2013 Copyright & Permissions Related RegionsLatin America & CaribbeanRelated TopicsEnergyEnvironment KeywordsDELPHI EXPERT SURVEYSTATED PREFERENCESCONTINGENT VALUATIONGLOBAL PUBLIC GOODSAMAZON RAINFOREST PDF DownloadLoading ...
Pulmonary perfusion imaging and delayed imaging to measure pulmonary capillary permeability in pulmonary contusion

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose Explore the application value of pulmonary perfusion imaging and delayed imaging for evaluating pulmonary capillary permeability. Materials and methods After establishing a rat model of pulmonary contusion, changes in the metabolic index of technetium-99m macroaggregated albumin (99mTC-MAA) in the lungs of model rats were evaluated for two consecutive days. 99mTC-MAA metabolic indices of rat lungs with pulmonary contusion of varying severity (mild, moderate, and severe) were correlated with lung wet/dry weight ratio (W/D) and Evans blue extravasation. Finally, the method was validated in patients with pulmonary contusion and one healthy volunteer. Results The 99mTC-MAA metabolic index was 23.56% ± 2.44% in healthy control (HC) rat lung, 8.56% ± 3.42% immediately after lung contusion (d0), 8.35% ± 3.20% after 1 day (d1), and 17.45% ± 6.44% after 2 days (d2); indices at d0 and d1 were significantly higher than those at HC ( P < 0.05). The metabolic index of 99mTC-MAA in lung had significant negative correlations with W/D ( r = −0.8025; P = 0.0092) and Evans blue extravasation ( r = −0.9356; P = 0.0002). Metabolic and oxygenation indices of 99mTC-MAA exhibited a significant positive linear correlation in patients with pulmonary contusion ( r = 0.8925; P = 0.0416). Conclusion Pulmonary perfusion and delayed imaging of 99mTC-MAA have potential value for evaluating pulmonary capillary permeability.
Approximate bound state solutions of the Dunkl-Schrödinger equation for a hyperbolic double-well interaction

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract We construct approximate solutions to the stationary, one-dimensional Schrödinger equation for a hyperbolic double-well potential within the Dunkl formalism. Our approximation is applied to an inverse quadratic term contributed by the Dunkl formalism in the effective potential. The solutions we obtain are given in terms of confluent Heun functions. We establish parity of these solutions, discuss their elementary cases, and present an example of a system admitting bound states.
Quantum Size Effect on the Excited State of HgI2,PbI2and BiI3Clusters and Molecules in Zeolite LTA

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The absorption spectra are reported for HgI 2 , PbI 2 and BiI 3 clusters and molecules incorporated into supercages of zeolite LTA at various loading densities. The spectra exhibit bands originating from a molecule to five molecular clusters of HgI 2 and PbI 2 , and from a monomer and a dimer of BiI 3 . The excitation energies are largely shifted to the higher energy side compared with the respective bulk exciton energies, and shift with decreasing the number of molecules, indicating the quantum size effect on the excitation energy. The blue shift decreases in the order of HgI 2 , PbI 2 and BiI 3 . The blue shift can be interpreted qualitatively in terms of the effective mass approximation, but quantitative analysis is beyond the framework of the effective mass approximation. The quantum size effect on the oscillator strength is also observed.
Role of an Equine Homologue of Gonadotropin-Inhibiting Hormone in Controlling Sectretion of Luteinizing Hormone in the Mare

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Four experiments were conducted to test the hypothesis that RF-amide related peptide 3 (RFRP3) negatively regulate the secretion of LH in mares. In Exp. 1, mares received native gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) continuously at a rate of 20 microgram/h, delivered subcutaneously using Alzet osmotic pumps during the luteal phase of the estrous cycle. Mares were treated with i.v. bolus injections of 0, 500 and 1,000 microgram eRFRP3 on days 4, 6 and 8 of cycle. Mean concentrations of LH in the peripheral circulation averaged 1.2 +/- 0.2 ng/mL and did not differ among groups before or following RFRP3 treatment. In Exp. 2, pituitary venous effluent was sampled for characterization of episodic release of LH. Mares received either saline or eRFRP3 (250 microgram) i.v. every 10 min for 6 h beginning 2 h after onset of sampling. At hour 6, each mare was challenged with 1 mg GnRH. Neither mean ICS concentrations of LH (1.3 +/- 0.2 ng/ml), nor frequency (3.6 +/- 0.55 episodes/h), amplitude (0.2 +/- 0.03 ng/ml), or duration (36.3 +/- 3.5 min) of individual secretory episodes, differed between groups before or after eRFRP3 treatment. Area under the GnRH-induced LH curve (arbitrary units) also did not differ between control and RFRP3 treated mares (175.9 +/- 11.4 vs. 192.6 +/- 10.6). In Exp. 3, winter anovulatory mares (n=6) were treated continuously for 7 d with GnRH (100 microgram/h) to stimulate synthesis of LH and increase circulating concentrations of LH to values similar to the breeding season. The ICS was catheterized for blood sampling and mares were treated with saline or RFRP3 (5 mg) in a replicated Latin square design. Treatment with RFRP3 failed to alter ICS mean concentration of LH (0.95 +/- .03 ng/ml). Finally in Exp. 4, mares in the follicular phase of the estrous cycle were assigned randomly to receive either saline (n=3) or 10 microgram/kg BW of oRFRP3 (n=3) in a single injection. No effect on mean concentration of LH was observed. In contrast to observations in birds and other mammals, results of the current experiments fail to provide evidence for functional activity of eRFRP3 or oRFRP3 in regulating LH release in the mare.
Response of Ochroma lagopus Swartz Growth and Nutrient Uptake to Urea and Slow-Release Fertilizer Addition

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

As a fast-growing tree species, Ochroma lagopus Swartz has a greater demand for nutrients, and urea and slow-release fertilizer addition can promote the growth and development of O. lagopus. This experiment explored the effects of urea and slow-release fertilizer on the growth and nutrient uptake of O. lagopus plantation forests. The results of the study can provide a theoretical basis for the cultivation and management of O. lagopus plantation forests. At the end of June 2023, a two-year-old O. lagopus was used as the study’s object at Mengwing Farm, Mengla County, Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province, China. Fertilizer is applied through root outer ring application. Seven treatments of no N control (CK) and urea and slow-release fertilizers 300 g/plant (N1, H1), 450 g/plant (N2, H2), and 600 g/plant (N3, H3) were set up to determine the breast height, diameter at breast height, as well as the nutrient contents of leaves, branches, roots, and soils of the trees. The DBH and tree height were higher under N addition than in the CK, and both were highest in H3 at 90 d after fertilization, with 16.92% and 14.64% higher than CK, respectively. The overall change in C content of each organ was not obvious, N content increased with the increase in fertilizer application, and the change pattern of P content was not consistent. Soil N content showed a significant increase with the increase in N application, while P and K content showed a trend of increasing and then decreasing, and soil N content of slow-release fertilizer treatments was higher than that of urea treatments under the same amount of N application. The soil N content was higher in the slow-release fertilizer treatment than in the urea treatment regardless of the amount of N applied. The soil N content was highly significantly positively correlated with the N content of leaves, branches, and roots. There was a highly significant allometric growth relationship among the C, N, and P content of each organ. The N addition had a significant effect on the growth and the nutrient content of each organ and soil. O. lagopus mainly adapted to changes in the soil N content by adjusting the N and P content of each organ, and the optimal effect was observed in H3. In the future, an appropriate amount of P fertilizer should be applied to complement N fertilizer, urea and slow-release fertilizer can also be applied.
Hypoxic Pulmonary Vasoconstriction and Chronic Lung Disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Hypoxic vasoconstriction in the lung is a unique and fundamental characteristic of the pulmonary circulation. It functions in health and disease states to better preserve ventilation-perfusion matching by diverting blood flow to better ventilated regions when local ventilation is compromised. As more areas of lung become hypoxic either with high altitude or global lung disease, then hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) becomes less effective in ventilation-perfusion matching and can lead to pulmonary hypertension. HPV is intrinsic to the vascular smooth muscle and its mechanisms remain poorly understood. In addition, the pulmonary vascular endothelium, red cells, lung innervation, and numerous circulating vasoactive agents also affect the strength of HPV. This review will discuss the pathophysiology of HPV and address its role in pulmonary hypertension associated with World Health Organization Group 3 diseases. When sustained beyond many hours, HPV may initiate pulmonary vascular remodeling and lead to more fixed and less oxygen-responsive pulmonary hypertension if the hypoxic stimulus is maintained.
BENIGN MUCOUS MEMBRANE PEMPHIGOID 1. Secretion of mucus and tears

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Benign mucous membrane pemphigoid (BMMP) is differentiated from other bullous diseases of the skin and mucous membranes. The affection is further described clinically, histologically and immunologically. Twenty‐nine eyes affected with BMMP were subjected to quantitative measurements of the tear secretion by the tear dilution test and of the conjunctival mucus secretion by measuring the vital‐stained mucous thread. Both secretions were found to be significantly reduced in about two‐thirds of the eyes (18 and 19 eyes, respectively). A normal tear secretion and a normal mucus secretion were combined in no more than four eyes. Secondary rudimentary or absent Marx' line was noticed in nine eyes with reduced tear secretion. Epithelial cell degeneration of the tarsal conjunctiva, demonstrated by vital staining with rose bengal (14 eyes) or iodonitrotetrazolium (15 eyes) was presumably secondary to reduced secretion of both tears and mucus. Leucoplakia of the tarsal conjunctiva was seen in 13 eyes, all with a reduced production of mucus. Ordinary slit lamp examination showed eight corneae to be affected (maculae, blood‐vessel invasion, dermatoid conjunctival invasion). However, examinations comprising wetting‐time, Schweitzer's polygonal pattern and vital staining yielded one or more abnormal tests in all the eyes, suggesting that the cornea or at least the precorneal film is pathological in all cases of BMMP.
Implementing Nutrition Education into Physician Assistant Curriculum; What is the Best Method?

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT: Purpose: The primary purpose of this article is to review an effective to implement nutrition education within an already established PA curriculum. Method: The search strategy was devised in consultation with a university medical librarian. Five databases were searched and included PubMed, EBSCO, SCOPUS, Google Scholar and Education Source. The literature search was conducted using subject headings (MeSH), as well as words and phrases, including but not limited to nutrition education, graduate medical education, medical students, physician assistant, nutrition curriculum, lifestyle medicine, culinary medicine and education assessment. The search was conducted from February 2022 through July 2022 and was limited to articles pertaining to US medical and PA schools from 2016 onward. Fourteen pertinent articles were retrieved and will serve as the basis for this article. Results: Currently, ample research has been conducted which shows the inadequacy of nutrition education within graduate medical education. However, there is little research regarding the best practice for implementation of nutrition education within the PA curriculum. Lifestyle Medicine appears to be a promising avenue for this deficit. Conclusion: Nutrition curriculums are varied and heterogeneous among graduate medical education programs. However, there is good evidence to show that the inclusion of a nutrition curriculum within a lifestyle medicine curriculum are an effective way to improve competencies regarding nutrition education. Despite the evidence of how to best provide nutrition education, there is little information regarding the appropriate timing of such curriculum as well as a standardized assessment of knowledge. These parameters remain an area of continued research.
Recollections of Sir George Williams University

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This essay offers a narrative account of events at Sir George Williams University between the years 1966 and 1970. Recounted here are stories of student life as well as recollections of various faculty members who were on staff during the complex political moment of the late 1960s. These stories of university life are also framed within the happenings and cultural-political shifts in the city of Montreal. This essay uses first person recollection to reorient some of the historical perspectives on such events as the 1967 World’s Fair, the civil rights protests in the US, anti-Vietnam war movements, anti-colonial movements and wars of the 1960s, the movement for Quebec independence, and the Sir George Williams University protests.
A Novel Hybrid Machine Learning Approach for the Prediction of Renal Disease

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Renal disease is a persistent condition characterized by impaired kidney function, rendering them incapable of their vital roles in waste filtration, hormone production, and blood pressure regulation within the human body. When the kidneys fail to effectively eliminate waste from the bloodstream, it sets off a gradual deterioration of kidney function, ultimately resulting in renal disease. This paper aims to develop a novel hybrid classifier to improve the accuracy of renal disease prediction on a dataset collected from one of the reputed hospitals in India. In this study, a methodology was employed to develop two hybrid classifiers: Random Subspace and Bagging. These hybrid classifiers were constructed using six individual classifiers, namely K-nearest neighbor, Support Vector Machine, Naive Bayes, two-class locally deep Support Vector Machines, two-class Averaged Perceptron, and two-class Bayes Point Machine Algorithms. The performance evaluation of the classifiers was conducted using 10-fold cross-validation, with sensitivity, specificity, accuracy and Kappa as the evaluation metrics. The dataset used in this study was collected from a reputable hospital in India and comprised 650 records with 13 attributes. To address missing values within the dataset, the K-nearest neighbor (K-NN) imputation technique was employed. Hybrid classifiers outperform individual classifiers, particularly in the case of hybrid random subspaces combined with two-class locally deep Support Vector Machines. This hybrid approach achieved a remarkable accuracy of 100%, surpassing other random subspace hybrid classifiers and bagging classifiers. The findings of this study demonstrate the effectiveness of hybrid random subspaces in conjunction with two-class locally deep Support Vector Machine models for enhancing the accuracy of renal disease prediction.
Supplementary Tables from <i>IFNL4</i>-ΔG Allele Is Associated with an Interferon Signature in Tumors and Survival of African-American Men with Prostate Cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<p>Supplementary Table 1. Characteristics of the African-American prostate cancer patients in the Cleveland Clinic Cohort according to overall survival; Supplementary Table 2. IRDS Probesets (n=49) for the Affymetrix U133A 2.0 array</p>
Mechanisms of regulation of gene expression by fatty acids

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Fatty acids (FA) regulate the expression of genes involved in lipid and energy metabolism. In particular, two transcription factors, sterol regulatory element binding protein‐1c (SREBP‐1 c) and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor α (PPARα), have emerged as key mediators of gene regulation by FA. SREBP‐1 c induces a set of lipogenic enzymes in liver. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), but not saturated or mono‐unsaturated FA, suppress the induction of lipogenic genes by inhibiting the expression and processing of SREBP‐1c. This unique effect of PUFA suggests that SREBP‐1c may regulate the synthesis of unsaturated FA for incorporation, into glycerolipids and cholesteryl esters. PPARα plays an essential role in metabolic adaptation to fasting by inducing the genes for mitochondrial and peroxisomal FA oxidation as well as those for ketogenesis in mitochondria. FA released from adipose tissue during fasting are considered as ligands of PPARα. Dietary PUFA, except for 18∶2 n′6, are likely to induced FA oxidation enzymes via PPARα as “feed‐forward” mechanism. PPARα is also required for regulating the synthesis of highly unsaturated FA, indicating pleiotropic functions of PPARα in the regulation of lipid metabolic pathways. It is yet to be determined whether FA regulate other transcription factors such as liver‐X receptor, hepatocyte nuclear factor 4, and carbohydrate response element binding protein.
Design of Portable Weather Station Using MQTT Protocol

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

PWS (Portable Weather Station) based on IoT is a set of integrated meteorological sensors and automatically records meteorological data (temperature, air humidity, and air pressure) and stored in SD Card as a data logger. This data generates an electrical signal that will be accommodated and modified by the microcontroller. Then, it displayed on LCD. The data is stored inside the SD Card every two seconds. This device has a level of accuracy of above 95 percent. According to WMO, the error rate should not be more than 5 percent. A message transmission system is an essential component in an IoT device for collecting data or sending commands. In this paper, we designed and implemented a reliable message transmission system using the MQTT protocol to maintain ordering between messages for the work environment. MQTT protocol acts as data transmission in real-time so that the device monitored in long-distance with a smartphone. The application on the smartphone is MQTT dash, but the device maker must pre-set the application.
DEVELOPMENT OF LITERACY TEST ON CRITICAL AND CREATIVE READING FOR JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENT

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The purpose of the study is to develop an instrument to assess critical-creative reading literacy. Research was conducted at Junior High School in Malang and Batu, East Java. Validity and reliability instrument were designedin three stages of calibrate: (1) panel of expert, (2) varied sample and population test, and (3) factor analysis. The population of the study was students of Junior High Schools. Samples were chosen based on stratified random sampling. Empirical test, using factor analysis and involving 307 students shows that dimension of the instrument developed theoretically agrees with the results of factor analysis. Result of research indicates that the critical-creative reading literacy test consists of four dimensions namely: (1) content comprehension, (2) critical comprehension, (3) creative comprehension, and (4) problem solving based on reading comprehension. The four dimensions were elaborated to make 14 factors. The result of factor analysis indicates that each factor has loading factor bigger than 0,30. Result of calibration of the critical-creative reading literacy test has coefficients reliability 0,798.
Analysis the Influence of Non-Prestressed Reinforcement for Horizontal Bearing Capacity of PHC Pipe Pile

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

We analyze the configuration of the non-pretressed reinforcement impact on the level of bearing capacity of PHC piles to effectively solve the poor performance of the general bending of pretressed concrete pile,using ANSYS finite element analysis software,through configurating the pretressed concrete pile with appropriate amount of ordinary non-presressed reinforcement.The results of numerical calculation show that the performance of PHC pile bending has been greatly improved and the deflection and bending when cracking were significantly better than ordinary PHC pile with the confiuration of non-prestressed reinforcement. We also analyze the effect of non-prestressed reinforcement and prestressing steel when the concrete piles cracking,datd shows that prestressing steel reached stress yielding firstly.The results provide a theoretical basis of the application of precast piles in the foudation ditch support project.