jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Cold Roll Forming Process Design for Complex Stainless-Steel Section Based on COPRA and Orthogonal Experiment

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Cold roll forming can fabricate products with complex profiles, and its parameter optimization can achieve high quality and improved precision of products. In this paper, taking the side shield as a typical product, the cold roll forming of a complex section of stainless steel SUS301L-ST is analyzed, establishing a 3D finite element model by using the professional roll forming software COPRA. We propose a floating roll device for complex sections with asymmetry and large depth. We use an orthogonal experiment to obtain the inter-distance between rolls, friction coefficients, the diameter increments, and line velocities to investigate the effects on the maximum longitudinal strain of the edge. Results show that the diameter increment has the greatest influence on the maximum strain, and its increases can reduce the strain. The inter-distance value needs a suitable range. A small value is not conducive to the release of elastic deformation, while a large value will cause unexpected displacement and increase the cost. The friction coefficient increases; although it helps to reduce the strain, it will cause scratches and other defects on the stainless steel. The increase in velocity increases the strain. We derive the optimal parameters for the complex section, providing a theoretical basis for practical production.
Analysing the orbit influence on multipath fading in global navigation satellite systems

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

For some critical static applications of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), such as monitoring station and reference station in the GNSS control segment, multipath error shows regular fading characteristics related to satellite orbit type. However, for Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO) satellites, observations under different systems show great diversity, the regularity of the multipath fading characteristic for GEO satellite is not apparent, and the reason is not clear as these observations can be influenced by various factors. To know the reason and the mechanism of these differences is very important for GNSS system building and monitoring, especially for the control segment, one major function of which is monitoring the whole system states and ensuring the system reliability. To explain the differences among these observations, a theoretical analysis about the satellite orbit influence on multipath fading is made in this study. The analysis is based on a proposed factor named orbit multipath fading factor, which can reflect the orbit influence independent from the uncontrolled environment factors. The analysis result shows that for GEO satellites, the multipath fading frequency varies large with time, and is very sensitive to orbit inclination, which can well explain the various fading characteristics actually observed in theory.
Serological characterization of the Naka antigen.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The Naka antigen is an isoantigen on platelet GPIV (CD36) and Naka negative platelets are deficient of GPIV. The Naka epitope defined by anti-Naka serum is also recognized by OKM5, a monoclonal anti-GPIV (CD36). This was shown by blocking experiments, in which the reactivity of OKM5 was completely blocked by the pretreatment of the platelets with anti-Naka serum and vice versa. Quantitative studies of the Naka-GPIV epitope on platelets and monocytes were performed both with the OKM5 and anti-Naka serum. Amounts of the Naka-GPIV epitope on monocytes were 4 times as many as those on platelets. Monocytes from Naka negative platelets donors could express the epitope, which varied quantitatively from the one comparable to that of Naka negative platelets to the other to that of Naka positive platelets. Two distinct Naka-GPIV positive patterns of Naka positive platelets were also observed in monocytes and appeared to be genetically determined. Since mRNA for CD36 is present in Naka negative platelets as well as monocytes, the genetic control of Naka-GPIV expression must be at post-translation level.
The Pathological Basis for Severe Corona Virus Disease-19 in Diabetic Patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: It has been documented that the mortality rate in diabetic persons can reach 10%. In addition, it has been shown that the rate of mortality and the need for respiratory support are higher among newly diagnosed cases of diabetes mellitus compared with patients known to have diabetes mellitus for a relatively long duration. In the setting of the pandemic of COVID-19, glycemic control for the patients admitted to hospitals is critical, as is diabetes screening to uncover undiagnosed cases.Aim of the study: To explore the possible link between diabetes mellitus and COVID-19 in Iraq Patients and methods: The current research was carried out in Al-Diwaniyah Province, Iraq, in Al-Diwaniyah Teaching Hospital, including the word of medicine, respiratory unit, and intensive care unit. The study started on Sept 15, 2021 and ended on Apr 15, 2022. The study was cross-sectional and included 100 patients with a diagnosis of COVID-19 evidenced by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test and CT-scan “computed tomography scan of the chest. Those patients were chosen randomly from the pool of patients visiting the teaching hospital. The age range of patients was between 18 and 94 years, with 45 males and 55 females. Laboratory investigation results were retrieved from patients’ records and included random blood sugar, lactate dehydrogenase, d-dimer, HbA1c%, and “C-reactive protein (CRP).” Results: The mean values of age, random blood sugar (RBS), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), d-dimer, HbA1c, and HS-CRP were comparable between males and females (p > 0.05). Patients with high HbA1c levels (HbA1c ≥ 6.5%) were older and had significantly higher levels of random blood sugar and d-dimer than patients with HbA1c is less than 6.5%. The d-dimer level showed a significant positive correlation to RBS, LDH, HbA1c, and HS-CRP (p is less than 0.05). Conclusion: Higher levels of markers of inflammation were associated with HbA1c levels in the diabetic range, indicating a bi-directional relation between diabetes mellitus and the severity of COVID-19.
Evoking sensation in the phantom hand of amputees using invasive stimulation of peripheral nerves

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Close to 3 million people suffer from upper limb amputation worldwide - the condition that dramatically de-creases the quality of life. Despite the progress in prosthetic technologies and neuroprosthetics, a fully functional bidirectional neural interface has not been developed yet for the upper limb, which prevents an amputee from fully integrating with the prosthesis - both mechanically and neurally - and hence implementation of such an interface is in high demand. A practically relevant bidirectional prosthesis of the upper limb would rely on stimulation of somatosensory pathways as the way to generate tactile and proprioceptive sensations. Moreover, such stimulation could serve to suppress phantom-limb pain, which is important because the majority of amputees suffer such pain. In this study we investigated the dynamic of tactile sense restoration and phantom limb pain suppression using stimulation of peripheral nerves with implanted electrodes. For quantitative estimation of the results, we used a survey along with images where a patient could draw a sensation field on the phantom limb. We conducted three sessions of mapping during which we matched stimulation sites with areas on the hand and levels of chronic pain. The expansion of sensation fields without dramatic increase of stimulation amplitudes and chronic pain relief during stimulation sessions were observed for all subjects.
Effect of the interaction between soil moisture and growth stage of weeds on the efficacy of herbicides applied at different doses

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The pot experiment under controlled environment was carried out to evaluate the influence of the interaction between soil moisture (60 and 30%) and growth stage (2–4 and 6–8 leaves) of Anthemis arvensis L. and Papaver rhoeas L. on the efficacy of herbicides. Under optimal conditions (growth stage of 2–4 leaves and soil moisture 60%), high efficacy for both doses of the mixture 2,4-D + florasulam and full dose of the mixture 2,4-D + dicamba was observed. Dose reduction of the second mixture contributed to poorer weed control. Low soil moisture and advanced growth stage of weeds decreased the efficacy of the mixture 2,4-D + florasulam against P. rhoeas. However, A. arvensis at the growth stage of 2–4 leaves was efficiently controlled under low soil moisture conditions. The mixture 2,4-D + dicamba applied under optimal conditions was efficient only against A. arvensis. Regardless of weed species, a decrease of herbicide efficacy for reduced dose was noted under above conditions. Application of the mixture 2,4-D + dicamba at the growth stage of 6–8 leaves resulted in poor herbicide effect despite the soil moisture. Water deficit in soil also significant decreased the herbicide efficacy. Badania wykonano w warunkach kontrolowanych w celu oceny wpływu interakcji wilgotności gleby (60 i 30%) i fazy rozwojowej (2–4 i 6–8 liści) Anthemis arvensis L. i Papaver rhoeas L. na skuteczność herbicydów stosowanych w dawce zalecanej i obniżonej o 50%. W warunkach optymalnych (faza 2–4 liści i wilgotność gleby 60%) osiągnięto wysoką skuteczność obu dawek mieszaniny 2,4-D + florasulam oraz pełnej dawki mieszaniny 2,4-D + dikamba. Obniżenie dawki mieszaniny 2,4-D + dikamba przyczyniło się do słabszego zwalczania chwastów. Niska wilgotność gleby i zaawansowana faza rozwojowa chwastów spowodowała spadek efektywności mieszaniny 2,4-D + florasulam w stosunku do P. rhoeas, natomiast A. arvensis był skutecznie niszczony w warunkach niskiej wilgotności gleby, jedynie gdy rośliny znajdowały się w fazie 2–4 liści. Mieszanina 2,4-D + dikamba stosowana w optymalnych warunkach była skuteczna jedynie w niszczeniu A. arvensis. Niezależnie od gatunku chwastu, w powyższych warunkach nastąpił spadek skuteczności mieszaniny 2,4-D + dikamba stosowanej w dawce zredukowanej. Aplikacja mieszaniny 2,4-D + dikamba na rośliny w fazie 6–8 liści skutkowała słabym efektem bez względu na wilgotność gleby. Do znacznego spadku skuteczności przyczynił się również deficyt wody w glebie.
Nurse-Led Education and Engagement for Diabetes Care in Sub-Saharan Africa: Protocol for a Mixed Methods Study (Preprint)

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND

As the impact of diabetes grows steeply in sub-Saharan Africa, improvement of the control and treatment of diabetes is a goal that health care systems in sub-Saharan Africa must achieve in the near future. Sub-Saharan Africa faces a number of challenges in addressing the increasing effects of diabetes. One important factor is the shortage of adequately trained health care workers. Diabetes management in sub-Saharan Africa would benefit from innovative approaches that are founded upon solid theoretical constructs, built upon existing human resources and infrastructure, and culturally tailored to the priorities and needs of the local population. Existing resources, such as mobile phones and task-shifting strategies, may be used to assist individuals with glycemic self-management and to facilitate management of additional day-to-day clinical responsibilities.

OBJECTIVE

The objective of the Nurse-Led Education and Engagement Study for Diabetes Care (NEEDS) mixed-methods protocol is to develop a practical, collaborative, effective, and sustainable program for diabetes prevention and management specifically for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in sub-Saharan Africa. The protocol aims to improve access to care through task-shifting strategies and the use of mobile health technology.

METHODS

This study was designed using a convergent parallel mixed-methods approach that consisted of surveys, key informant interviews, focus group discussions, and focused ethnography. Novel approaches, such as task-shifting strategies and the use of mobile technology, were implemented for type 2 diabetes mellitus health care in sub-Saharan Africa—currently an under-researched area.

RESULTS

Data collection began in February 2018, after ethics approval, at the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology. As of May 2020, participant surveys have been completed (N=100), key informant interviews (n=7) have been completed, and focus groups (5 focus groups; patients, n=18; caregivers, n=6; community leaders, n=2; and faith leaders, n=3) as well as focused ethnographic field observations have been completed. All audio recordings have been transcribed and transcripts of sessions recorded in Twi have been translated to English. Data analysis is currently underway and anticipated completion is in the spring of 2020. Following data analysis, investigators plan to publish study findings.

CONCLUSIONS

Insights from this study will inform the preliminary development of a feasible and effective nurse-led education and engagement mobile health intervention that has the potential to reduce diabetes-related morbidity, mortality, and burden in sub-Saharan Africa.

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

DERR1-10.2196/15408
Characterizing mRNA Expression in the Retinal Ganglion Cells of the Developing Chick Retina

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The retina is responsible for sensing light and transmitting the signal to the brain in the form of chemical and electrical signals. In our lab, we focus on the development of one set of neurons in the retina, the retinal ganglion cells. These cells receive visual information and send that information as a signal to the brain via their axons, which make up the optic nerve. Studying these cells is important for medical advancement treating diseases such as glaucoma, in which the death of these cells eventually leads to blindness. The goal of my research is to identify the genes most critical to development of healthy retinal ganglion cells by characterizing the mRNA expressed in these cells in the developing chick retina at different time points. Identifying these critical genes and the time points at which they are expressed could contribute to successful ganglion cell generation in vitro. The cells could then be used to replace unhealthy cells that are causing disease and blindness.
Doping studies in MOVPE-grown CdxHg1-xTe

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

In two recent review papers on metal organic vapour phase epitaxy (MOVPE) of cadmium mercury telluride (CMT) particular emphasis was placed on the crucial importance of doping studies to the realization of future device structures Irvine et al. (1991) and Tribowet (1991). If the full potential of MOVPE growth of CMT is to be realized then extrinsic doping of heterostructures is required. If the doping and composition junctions can be grown with the correct degree of grading then this will create the potential for the production of device structures leading to either improved performance and/or increased operating temperatures. This papers reviews published doping studies and also presents some recent results on both acceptor and donor doping studies carried out by the authors. In the latter studies, interdiffused multilayer process (IMP) growth of CMT has been performed at approximately=360 degrees C using dimethyl cadmium (DMC) and di-isopropyl tellurium (DIPT) as the MO precursors while the Hg overpressure was provided by a heated elemental source. Alternative acceptor doping sources to arsine have been investigated including phosphine, triphenyl arsenic, and phenyl arsenic of which the latter appears to be most suitable. Iodine has continued to show the donor dopant potential in CMT that it exhibited with higher-temperature ( approximately=400 degrees C) MOVPE growth using di-ethyl tellurium (DET). Characterization of fully doped structures is described.
ANALISIS KINERJA MOTOR INDUKSI 3 FASA DARI ASPEK BESARAN DAYA DAN EFISIENSI MOTOR DALAM MENGGERAKKAN MESIN (STUDI KASUS PADA MESIN JAW CRUSHER DI PT. ALAM TUNGGAL SEMESTA)

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Stone crushing in the construction world for the needs of split stone requires a tool called Crusher, one type that is quite often used is Jaw Crusher. The Jaw Crusher at PT Alam Tunggal Semesta uses a 3 Phase Induction motor as its drive. However, induction motors also have several problems related to power, efficiency, and torque that need to be considered. Where the 3-phase induction motor can be calculated the amount of power and efficiency in order to determine the performance of the induction motor. The results of the calculation analysis of the efficiency and power when the motor is starting obtained a motor efficiency of 8.72% - 31.85% and at the highest power of 73KW, so that the motor efficiency when starting is still below the nominal value of the motor which is 92% and for the power exceeds the nominal value of the motor which is 37KW. When the motor is no load, the calculated efficiency is 82-99% or an average of 92.75% is obtained and the power is 8.49-9.74KW, so the motor efficiency when there is no load is in accordance with the nominal value of the motor and the power is below the nominal power of the motor. When there is a load, the motor efficiency calculation is 48-98% or an average of 78.07% is obtained and the power is 6.8-10KW, which indicates that when the motor has a load, the efficiency obtained is below the nominal value of the motor and the power is still below the nominal power of the motor
Compressive Strength Properties of Geopolymer Using Power Plant Bottom Ash and NaOH Activator

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

When a new bonding agent using coal ash is utilized as a substitute for cement, it has the advantages of offering a reduction in the generation of carbon dioxide and securing the initial mechanical strength such that the agent has attracted strong interest from recycling and eco-friendly construction industries. This study aims to establish the production conditions of new hardening materials using clean bottom ash and an alkali activation process to evaluate the characteristics of newly manufactured hardening materials. The alkali activator for the compression process uses a NaOH solution. This study concentrated on strength development according to the concentration of the NaOH solution, the curing temperature, and the curing time. The highest compressive strength of a compressed body appeared at 61.24MPa after curing at 60˚C for 28 days. This result indicates that a higher curing temperature is required to obtain a higher strength body. Also, the degree of geopolymerization was examined using a scanning electron microscope, revealing a micro-structure consisting of a glass-like matrix and crystalized grains. The microstructures generated from the activation reaction of sodium hydroxide were widely distributed in terms of the factors that exercise an effect on the compressive strength of the geopolymer hardening bodies. The Si/Al ratio of the geopolymer having the maximum strength was about 2.41.
Distributed Detection in Coexisting Large-Scale Sensor Networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper considers signal detection in coexisting wireless sensor networks. We characterize the aggregate signal and interference from a Poisson random field of nodes and define a binary hypothesis testing problem to detect a signal in the presence of interference. For the testing problem, we introduce the maximum likelihood (ML) detector and simpler alternatives. The proposed mixed-fractional lower order moment detector is computationally simple and close to the ML performance, and robust to estimation errors in system parameters. We also derived asymptotic theoretical performances for the proposed simple detectors. Monte-Carlo simulations are used to supplement our analytical results and compare the performance of the receivers.
TOTAL RADIATION-INDUCED GENETIC DAMAGE IN ENTIRE GENOMES OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER. Technical Progress Report.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

radiation-induced genetic damage and a better insight into the nature of this damage, expecially the inter­-relationships between the different kinds of genetic alterations, than has heretofore been possible with studies of selected types of damage in selected chromosomes or loci.
Preparation of micrometer‐sized, multifunctional capsule particles for cosmetic by microsuspension polymerization utilizing the self‐assembling of phase separated polymer method

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Micrometer‐sized polymer particles with encapsulated ultraviolet (UV) absorbent, fluorescent agent, and blue pigment were successfully prepared by microsuspension polymerization utilizing the Self‐assembling of Phase Separated Polymer method. The particles were characterized by optical microscope and particle size distribution analysis, and they were evaluated on their usefulness for cosmetic using UV spectrometry, colorimetry, VISIA™ Evolution, and bioassay. The capsule particles had multifunctional properties, which are very attractive in the cosmetic field, especially in whitening, brightening, the improvement of face‐texture, and less noticeable pores in face, as well as the protection from UV. Moreover, bioactivities of the particles under the UV irradiation, which were examined with the films prepared from capsule components, revealed not only makeup effect but also the activation of human epidermal keratinocytes. The results suggest the importance of blue light in the field of cosmetics. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Locating Financialisation

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The notion of financialisation as the exploitation or expropriation of workers’ wages in the sphere of exchange is taken as a critical point of departure. In this way, financialisation is more deeply rooted in contemporary developments, including the slowdown preceding the current global crisis, and in Marx’s own theory of finance. Financialisation is seen to represent the increasing penetration of interest-bearing capital across economic and social reproduction and to be a key defining moment of neoliberalism.
Modelling acute myeloid leukaemia in a continuum of differentiation states

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Here we present a mathematical model of movement in an abstract space representing states of cellular differentiation. We motivate this work with recent examples that demonstrate a continuum of cellular differentiation using single cell RNA sequencing data to characterize cellular states in a high-dimensional space, which is then mapped into ℝ 2 or ℝ 2 with dimension reduction techniques. We represent trajectories in the differentiation space as a graph, and model directed and random movement on the graph with partial differential equations. We hypothesize that flow in this space can be used to model normal and abnormal differentiation processes. We present a mathematical model of hematopoeisis parameterized with publicly available single cell RNA-Seq data and use it to simulate the pathogenesis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The model predicts the emergence of cells in novel intermediate states of differentiation consistent with immunophenotypic characterizations of a mouse model of AML.