jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Bacteriological study in perianal abscess is not useful and not cost‐effective

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background The detection of gut organisms in perianal abscesses has been postulated to suggest an underlying communication with the anal canal. However, recent studies appear to contradict this observation. The aim of this study is to determine the value of bacteriological studies in perianal abscesses. Methods A retrospective study of all patients who have had a surgical drainage of their perianal abscesses with concomitant microbiological examination from January 2010 to December 2012 was performed. Patients with known underlying anal fistula, Crohn's disease or previous perianal operations were excluded. Results A total of 164 patients, median age of 42.0 years (range 8–87) comprising of 78.7% males formed the study group. Gut organisms were cultured in 143 (87.2%) samples while 12 (7.3%) demonstrated skin organisms and nine did not yield any bacterial growth (5.5%). Twenty‐nine (17.7%) patients developed anal fistula and 34 (20.7%) patients had a recurrence of the perianal abscess. The median follow‐up period was 1450 (14–2391) days. There was no significant association between the presence of gut organism and development of fistulas (odds ratio = 0.48; 95% confidence interval = 0.17–1.37) or recurrence of perianal abscess (odds ratio = 1.66; 95% confidence interval = 0.46–6.01). Conclusion Bacteriological culture in perianal abscess is not useful for predicting the development of anal fistula or abscess recurrence. Hence, there is no need to perform this investigation on a routine basis.
Willis, George, "Curriculum Evaluation: Qualitative," pp. 1284-1288 in Torsten Husen and Thomas N. Postlethwaite, eds., The International Encyclopedia of Education, 2d ed. New York: Pergamon, 1994.*

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Characterizes qualitative curriculum evaluation, traces its origins, outlines its principle activities and aims, and describes one form known as educational connoisseurship and criticism.
The epidemiology, control and cause of sooty blotch of carambola, Averrhoa carambola L., in South Florida.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Introduction. La carambole est un fruit important pour la Floride du sud (Etats-Unis). Cependant, dans cette region, la maladie nouvellement identifiee des taches fuligineuses, provoquees par la croissance epiphyte de champignons, affecte significativement l'aspect du fruit. Materiel et methodes. L'incidence et la severite de la maladie ont ete observees de 1994 a 1996 dans sept plantations commerciales pour evaluer l'influence des caracteristiques du verger, de la taille / maturite du fruit et de la saison sur le developpement de ces taches fulgineuses. Divers fongicides ont ete evalues vis-a-vis du controle de la maladie a partir d'un calendrier d'application donne (1 et 3 semaines) ou base sur les pluies. Pour identifier les champignons en cause, des colonies fongiques sur fruit (thalles) et en culture ont ete comparees a celles connues sur la pomme. Resultats et discussion. L'incidence et la severite de la maladie ont ete significativement plus importantes sur les vieux arbres que sur les jeunes, sur les orientations d'arbres N-S que sur des rangs E-W, et sur des arbres proteges du vent que sur ceux sans protection. La maladie, developpee surtout sur des fruits en milieu ou en fin de maturite, a continue d'augmenter au fur et a mesure que le fruit murissait. Un controle modere, mais significatif, a ete obtenu avec de certains fongicides. En se basant sur la morphologie des thalles sur le fruit affecte, les caracteristiques anatomiques et morphologiques des champignons en culture et leur reponse aux fongicides, il semblerait que la maladie soit un complexe semblable a celui de la tâche fuligineuse de la pomme. Sur le carambolier, l'agent le plus commun ressemble a, mais est distinct de, Peltaster fructicola. En l'absence d'une description formelle, il a ete appele Peltaster sp. carambola. Conclusion. Cet article est le premier publie sur l'epidemiologie, le controle et la cause de la maladie des tâches fuligineuses du carambolier en Floride du sud. Les rapports precedents indiquant que la maladie etait une moisissure fuligineuse ou etait due a Leptothyrium sp. ou a Gloeodes pomigena sont incorrects.
Recent Advances in Phytochemical Research for Cancer Treatment

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Cancer is a significant global health concern, responsible for 16.8% of deaths and 22.8% of noncommunicable diseases. Currently, cancer ranks as the second leading cause of mortality, with projections indicating its rise to the top by 2060. The genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic diversity of cancer cells contributes to their increased resistance to treatment, enhanced survival, and propensity for metastasis. Conventional cancer treatments like surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation often result in significant damage to healthy tissues. Phytochemicals, naturally occurring plant compounds, have gained attention as promising cancer therapies due to their anticancer, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. This chapter delves into recent advances in phytochemical research, emphasizing molecular mechanisms and innovative approaches for incorporating these compounds into cancer treatment. Additionally, it explores the challenges and opportunities of leveraging phytochemicals to bridge traditional medicine and modern oncology, offering hope for enhanced treatment outcomes and improved patient quality of life.
The genus Parbatthorax Tanasevitch, 2019 (Araneae, Linyphiidae) new to China, with a new species from the Gaoligong Mountains

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Parbatthorax proiectus sp. nov. (♂♀) is described from the Gaoligong Mountains in Yunnan, China. A detailed morphological description, photographs of the body and copulatory organs, line drawings of the copulatory organs, as well as a locality map are provided.
Increased prediction accuracy of adverse drug events using bayesian analysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aims To guide corrective actions to decrease adverse drug events (ADEs) we need better predictive statistical methods than are commonly used. Logistical regression (LR) poorly classifies ADEs due to complex and non-linear data. We aim to determine whether ADEs reported in a voluntary medication error (ME) database will be more accurately classified by Bayesian belief analysis (BB) than standard LR procedures. Methods: Design Retrospective Cohort Study SETTING: Urban, tertiary university medical center PARTICIPANTS: Inpatients from Jan 1994 - July 2001 who had ME reported on a voluntary ME reporting system. (N= 2,922 MEs) INTERVENTION: Time in the hospital results in ADE or non-ADE ANALYSIS: LR, BB, with Decision Q v4.1.2 software. Results BB correctly classified 51.9% ADEs while LR could only classify 30.8%. BB also yielded greater specificity throughout the ROC curve. By BB ADEs were most directly impacted by "problem" followed by "drug category" with rank order scores of 202.9 and 49.1, respectively. Most common drug category for MEs was CNS drugs followed by antibiotics. BB was also used to test for statistical significance. Conclusion BB yields additional useful information that is not determined by the traditional descriptive and logistical regression methods, including an increase in accuracy of classification. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2005) 77, P72–P72; doi: 10.1016/j.clpt.2004.12.166
Hydrodynamics and mass transfer in a bioreactor with gas-to-liquid supply from the vortex cavity

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The results of the study of hydrodynamic and mass transfer parameters of a stirred bioreactor during gas dispersion from the cavity of an open vortex to the area with reduced pressure in the liquid behind the impeller paddles are presented. New data were obtained on gas content, dispersed composition of gas bubbles, stirring power, and intensity of mass transfer in the air-water system, aqueous solutions of sucrose and glycerol of various concentrations and with different content of surfactants. The dependence of the stirring power on the gas content and Reynolds number, as well as the mass transfer coefficient on the boundary surface and energy dissipation, have been established. It is assumed that when calculating the dissipation of energy spent on developing a boundary surface, it is necessary to take into account the influence of viscous friction forces in the liquid. Dispersion of gas into liquid through an open vortex cavity in a stirred bioreactor allowed to increase the gas content, the boundary surface and to intensify mass transfer compared to conventional aeration systems.
Universality of renormalisable mappings in two dimensions: the case of polar convex integrands

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Abstract We establish universality of the renormalised energy for mappings from a planar domain to a compact manifold, by approximating subquadratic polar convex functionals of the form ∫ Ω f ⁢ ( | D ⁢ u | ) ⁢ d x {\int_{\Omega}f(|\mathrm{D}u|)\,\mathrm{d}x} . The analysis relies on the condition that the vortex map x | x | {\frac{x}{\lvert x\rvert}} has finite energy and that t ↦ f ⁢ ( t ) {t\mapsto f(\sqrt{t})} is concave. We derive the leading order asymptotics and provide a detailed description of the convergence of W 1 , 1 {\mathrm{W}^{1,1}} -almost minimisers, leading to a characterization of second-order asymptotics. At the core of the method, we prove a ball merging construction (following Jerrard and Sandier’s approach) for a general class of convex integrands. We therefore generalize the approximation by p -harmonic mappings when p ↗ 2 {p\nearrow 2} and can also cover linearly growing functionals, including those of area type.
Setting manufacturing strategy for a company's international manufacturing network

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Manufacturing strategy is a plan for moving a company from where it is to where it wants to be. Determining the best manufacturing strategy is not easy because of the wide range of choices and constraints a company faces. Manufacturing strategy frameworks or models are helpful because they identify the objects that comprise manufacturing strategy and organise these objects into a structure that enables a company to understand and use the objects to develop strategy. This paper examines a company's international manufacturing network. It identifies and examines six manufacturing strategy objects (generic international strategies, manufacturing networks, network manufacturing outputs, network levers, network capability, and factory types), linkages between objects, and the manufacturing strategy framework that follows from these objects and linkages. Then the paper applies the framework to the manufacturing networks of three companies in the global steel industry: Arcelor (Luxembourg), Mittal (India), and Dofasco (Canada).
Chloro and Bromo Complexation of the Manganese(II) Ion and Solvation Structure of the Manganese(II), Iron(II), Cobalt(II), Nickel(II), Copper(II), and Zinc(II) Ions in Hexamethylphosphoric Triamide

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChloro and Bromo Complexation of the Manganese(II) Ion and Solvation Structure of the Manganese(II), Iron(II), Cobalt(II), Nickel(II), Copper(II), and Zinc(II) Ions in Hexamethylphosphoric TriamideKazuhiko Ozutsumi, Yuriko Abe, Ryouta Takahashi, and S. FshiguroCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1994, 98, 39, 9894–9899Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100090a025https://doi.org/10.1021/j100090a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views198Altmetric-Citations41LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Study on coaxial line to rectangular waveguide junction for high power microwave transmission

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A coaxial line to rectangular waveguide junction without dielectric for high power microwave transmission is designed by improving the structure of doorknob type window. The passband of the junction through which the stand wave ratio is smaller than 1.1, is 1352MHz1412MHz. The junction may couple with a stage of coaxial line filter or rectangular waveguide filter to form a multistage filter which can be used in output circuits of broadband klystrons or other broadband high power microwave devices.
Three Methods of Peer Review in a State Mental Hospital System

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Three methods of peer review were examined in three public mental hospitals. A multidisciplinary committee developed admissions criteria and standards of care which were applied in each hospital. The three methods of review did not show significant differences in judgments based on the clinical records of patients or cost. The recommended model of review is the use of hospital staff providing primary review and consultants providing periodic external review necessary for quality assurance, development of the local review model, and assistance in implementing any changes required as a result of the review process. The system should form a complete feedback loop between service providers, the review committee, and facility administration with the aim of improved patient care through staff education. Psychologists, in addition to their clinical skills, brought to the review process the knowledge of psychological assessment and research skills. The research skills are necessary if the review process is to be systematic and the conclusions drawn from the process are valid. Psychologists should actively pursue involvement in the review process so that psychology will not simply be an adjunct to the assessment phase of treatment and hospitalization.
Examining the Effect of Smile Intensity on Age Perceptions

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Research has demonstrated the positive effects of smiles on interpersonal perceptions of attractiveness, likability, and friendliness. A possible mechanism underlying the effects of smiles is babyfacedness. Four studies were conducted with 1,235 participants. In Study 1, 646 participants were assigned to one of the six levels of smile intensity and responded to the measures of age perception and perceived babyfacedness. Compared to the neutral expression, the maximal smile reduced age estimations and this effect was mediated by perceived babyfacedness. In Study 2, 59 respondents' responses indicated that a maximal smile reduced the perception of age. In Study 3, 318 respondents estimated the age of models in different sex and levels of smile intensity. Maximal smiles reduced age estimations. In Study 4, 125 students and 87 non-students were randomly assigned to one of the three levels of smile intensity and provided age estimations. Replicating previous findings, maximal smiles reduced age estimations. Consistent results emerged from the various contexts, models, and samples, as well as in a pooled analysis.
Decision making with long-term consequences: Temporal discounting for single and multiple outcomes in the future.

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Two experiments were conducted to investigate how individuals evaluate future outcomes. Normative decision models postulate that the value of future outcomes should be discounted as a function of time. The present research obtained discounted values for single outcomes in the future but did not obtain discounted values for outcomes presented in series. In Experiment 1, students evaluated (a) college-funding programs that required students to work to obtain support and (b) loans that required payments after completing college. A ratio-discounting function described the value of future support and deferred payments. In Experiment 2, students were asked to evaluate work-study programs that described variable support over 1 to 4 years
Semantic matching for online handwritten-based graphical solutions

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The emergence of pen-based devices such PDAs and Tablets have greatly changed the way we interact with computers. As a natural form of user interface, freehand writing and sketching has recently drawn a lot of research attention. In the domain of mathematics, there has been a lot of research on Handwritten Mathematical Expression Recognition and Handwritten Mathematical Diagram Recognition. These researches greatly change the way we deal with mathematical documents. For example, users can write an expression on the handwriting pad and the Handwritten Mathematical Expression Recognition System will automatically converts the freehand writing to intended mathematical expressions in editable digital format. However, after conducting literature review, we found that there is little research dedicated to Mathematical Graph Recognition, which will be useful for matching and retrieving mathematical graphs (graphs of mathematical functions such as linear and quadratic functions). Also, the currently available mathematical graph editors have very limited functionality and don‟t support freehand sketch and other useful features that are expected by the users. Therefore, in this project, we first investigated various techniques for mathematical graph matching and retrieving. We then proposed a Feature-Based approach that effectively extracts both Structural, Semantic and Spatial features from the mathematical graphs so that a mathematical graph will be represented by its feature vectors within Vector Space Model (VSM). Various clustering techniques, including K-Means, Self-Organizing Map (SOM) and Agglomerative Hierarchical Clustering (AHC), were applied on mathematical graphs to improve the retrieval performance. Besides, we have developed a full-functional Mathematical Graph Editor that can handle all cases of complex mathematical graphs. A Mathematical Graph Retrieval System was also implemented to retrieve graphs based on the features we extracted during the Feature Extraction and Clustering phase. The performances of both training efficiency and retrieval accuracy for our Mathematical Graph Retrieval System are evaluated. The results show that our system can achieve up to 98% retrieval accuracy, which is a great achievement. At the end, possible future developments of the system are suggested. The improvements mainly focus on three areas: Feature Extraction/Clustering, Mathematical Graph Editor, and Mathematical Graph Retrieval System. They include adding more editing features to the Mathematical Graph Editor and allowing more searching criteria for the Mathematical Graph Retrieval System, which may include formulas for the graphs.
Italian expert panel consensus statement on the optimal use of PD-1 blockade therapy in classical Hodgkin lymphoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Programmed death 1 (PD-1) blocking antibodies now represent a major advance in the treatment of patients with classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) who relapse after autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) and pre- and/or post-ASCT brentuximab vedotin or after at least three lines of therapy. However, uncertainties still remain on the optimal use of these agents in refractory Hodgkin disease. A panel of experts was convened to produce a consensus document aimed at providing practice recommendations for the optimal use of PD-1 blocking antibodies in cHL, especially on pretreatment selection and evaluation of cHL patients' response and treatment length, management of PD-1 blockade therapy-treated patients, evaluation and management of toxicity. Our hope is that these recommendations might help hematologists to improve optimal management of patients with pretreated cHL.
Strategic Considerations for Innovation and Commercialization in the US Biotechnology Sector

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This paper examines the importance of alliances as an innovation strategy utilized by US biotechnology firms. In doing so, the role of alliances with universities vis-à-vis alliances with industrial companies is emphasized. The biotechnology sector is dominated by few large and many small firms. The small firms are research focused or technology developers. Several large firms are now integrated biopharmaceutical companies. Very few small firms can survive without strengthening their relationships with universities, biotechnology or pharmaceutical or other large companies. These relationships range from licensing agreements, export--import connections to various forms of alliances for R&D, product development and marketing. Large firms supplement in-house R&D by acquiring research products and/or new technologies from small firms as well as universities. A survey of US biotechnology companies is used to show the emergence of alliance relationships, which continue to highlight university linkages, emphasize connections of biotechnology firms with other biotechnology entrepreneurs, and an ongoing effort to build a synergistic relationship with pharmaceutical or other large companies. Most linkages are not confined to the local area; the main locational attribute is the science base or the labour market.
The use of geothermal energy: A reliable, cheap, and environmentally friendly method for generating electricity and heat

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

The economical and environmental aspects of generating electricity at traditional thermal power stations and at geothermal power stations are considered. The dynamics of prices for fossil fuel and results from an analysis of the electricity net cost structure are presented, and the advantages of geothermal power stations for generating electricity and heat over cogeneration stations in Kamchatka are demonstrated.