jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Earthtone : a visual symphony celebrating Singapore's flora and fauna.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

“Nature is everywhere if only we care to stop for a moment to observe.” –T S Foo, Singapore Science Centre EarthTone is a design project that breathes and resonates with Nature's rhythm of life as its main theme. All of nature flows and has its own rhythm, its unique form of music. But as man slowly developed and embraced their own urban pace of life, they abandoned this rhythm that they once co-habited with. Using Singapore's flora and fauna as subject matter, the project illustrates the fragile and delicate beauty of Nature that not only exists right at our doorsteps, but is visually alive, moving and beating at the same time with its intrinsic yet perfect natural rhythm. The project is a symphony that celebrates the vibrancy and movement of life and holds a strong call to re-focus our eyes back to this beautiful and musical world that we have always lived in and reminds us to better appreciate this thing called life.
Concernant l’expédition hongroise au sud de la Moldavie (1345)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract : Concerning the Hungarian expedition in the south of Moldova (1345). The Hungarian military expedition started, very probably, some time towards the beginning of the year 1345. Its aim was to stop the Tatar raids on Transylvania coming from this direction. The result of this action was the appearance of a political-military structure east of the Carpathians, controlled by the Hungarian kingdom, and completed shortly after that, by a religious one, through the recreation of the episcopate of Milcovia, in 1347. The new structure, set up here by the Hungarian royalty, managed to contribute, during the following two decennia, to pushing the Mongolian domination towards the maritime area. However, the Hungarian control east of the Carpathians will not resist in front of the pressure exerted by the leaders of the local society, who will manage to impose their own political leader coming through under the protection of Hungary.
Decision analytic cost-effectiveness model to compare prostate cryotherapy to androgen deprivation therapy for treatment of radiation recurrent prostate cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To determine the cost-effectiveness of salvage cryotherapy (SC) in men with radiation recurrent prostate cancer (RRPC). Design Cost-utility analysis using decision analytic modelling by a Markov model. Setting and methods Compared SC and androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) in a cohort of patients with RRPC (biopsy proven local recurrence, no evidence of metastatic disease). A literature review captured published data to inform the decision model, and resource use data were from the Scottish Prostate Cryotherapy Service. The model was run in monthly cycles for RRPC men, mean age of 70 years. The model was run over the patient lifetime, to assess changes in patient health states and the associated quality of life, survival and cost impacts. Results are reported in terms of the discounted incremental costs and discounted incremental quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) gained between the 2 alternative interventions. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis used a 10 000 iteration Monte Carlo simulation. Results SC has a high upfront treatment cost, but delays the ongoing monthly cost of ADT. SC is the dominant strategy over the patient lifetime; it is more effective with an incremental 0.56 QALY gain (95% CI 0.28 to 0.87), and less costly with a reduced lifetime cost of £29 719 (€37 619) (95% CI −51 985 to −9243). For a ceiling ratio of £30 000, SC has a 100% probability to be cost-effective. The cost neutral point was at 3.5 years, when the upfront cost of SC (plus any subsequent cumulative cost of side effects and ADT) equates the cumulative cost in the ADT arm. Limitations of our model may arise from its insensitivity to parameter or structural uncertainty. Conclusions The platform for SC versus ADT cost-effective analysis can be employed to evaluate other treatment modalities or strategies in RRPC. SC is the dominant strategy, costing less over a patient's lifetime with improvements in QALYs. Trial registration number This economic analysis was undertaken as part of the CROP RCT study ISRCTN:72677390; it was a pre-trial economic model developed and analysed during the pre-results stage of the RCT.
Trade Openness, FDI and Economic Growth: Evidence from SAARC Countries

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Abstract: This study attempts to empirically examine the role of international trade and FDI inflows in the economic development of South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) countries and to analyze impact on economic growth. The panel analysis using random effect model shows that there is a significant impact of trade on the development of the SAARC group of countries for the period 1993-2019. The capital flows measured in terms of FDI net flows also shows a positive impact on the growth rate of GDP. Keywords: Trade Openness, Economic Growth, Random Effects JEL Classification Number: F14, 040
Jamie Rowen, Searching for Truth in the Transitional Justice Movement; Child Soldiers as Agents of War and Peace: A Restorative Transitional Justice Approach to Accountability for Crimes under International Law

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Why do truth commissions emerge following some conflicts but not others? Jamie Rowen tackles this question in Searching for Truth in the Transitional Justice Movement. Rowen approaches this topic through a detailed study of three jurisdictions: the former Yugoslavia, Colombia, and the United States. Although truth commissions did progress in Colombia, they stalled in both the former Yugoslavia in the wake of the Balkan Wars as well as in the United States in regard to the conduct of US officials after the events on 11 September 2001. Rowen unpacks what happened and what failed to happen — and why — in each of these three jurisdictions. Rowen delivers a lively, careful, and engaging account as to why truth commissions arise in some places but not in others. Along the way, Rowen shares with readers stories from those individuals who animate the human rights movements and those individuals — hungry for justice — who are touched by such movements. Rare among academics, and utterly refreshing, Rowen’s book is less about best practices than it is about what is best for people. On this note, Rowen’s book is courageous. She eschews the allure of universality and commonality to conclude that what may be ‘best’ differs across time and places.
Status,problem and countermeasure of adverse events following Immunization in Shenzhen

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objective To discuss the resolving countermeasure of adverse events following immunization in Shenzhen.Method Using descriptive study to conclude the work of adverse events following immunization in Shenzhen,and to induce the acuity problem.Results To realize resolving adverse events following immunization normatively,it must abide the rules,and work with propriety,and add human resource.It must be step by step.Conclusion Everyone have the same concept,work with propriety,it should be normative and correct to resolve adverse events following immunization in Shenzhen.
Grounding Debates about Land

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Solomon Islands has often been seen as exemplifying wider concerns regarding customary land tenure, economic development and political instability in the southwest Pacific. Locals express concern regarding inequality in land control at multiple scales, while aid donors urge people to register land as a means to increase legal certainty, build peace and render land more ’marketable’. This chapter situates debates about land in Solomon Islands within wider global debates regarding customary tenure, gender inequality and state regulation. It highlights a long-standing divide in feminist debates, between those who perceive land tenure in terms of a hierarchically ordered and gendered ‘bundle of rights’, and those who perceive land as subject to fluid, negotiable claims. Drawing insights from legal geography, political ecology and feminist scholarship on legal pluralism, it suggests that a focus on the ways in which ‘access’ to resources is transformed into state-sanctioned ‘property’ recognises that property is negotiable while also highlighting factors that contribute to inequality. This approach also directs attention to the role of scholars in the formation of property.
Abstract International Marketing Communications in the Business-to-Business Market

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This paper focuses on the business-to-business marketing communication of industrial firms in the Slovenian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, and Montenegro markets. Marketing communications tools used to communicate offerings to consumers differ from those used to communicate offerings to business customers. A study explored the issues from a customer&apos;s perspective and surveyed industrial customers of logistical services regarding appropriate communication tools. It was found that logistics services are subject to several existing differences across the Former Yugoslavia and indicated a need to use different marketing communications tools for different logistics providers in these markets. The paper concludes with a discussion of results, implications, and directions for future research.
Phase transitions in social networks inspired by the Schelling model

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

We propose two models of social segregation inspired by the Schelling model. Agents in our models are nodes of evolving social networks. The total number of social connections of each node remains constant in time, though may vary from one node to the other. The first model describes a "polychromatic" society, in which colors designate different social categories of agents. The parameter $μ$ favors/disfavors connected "monochromatic triads", i.e. connected groups of three individuals \emph{within the same social category}, while the parameter $ν$ controls the preference of interactions between two individuals \emph{from different social categories}. The polychromatic model has several distinct regimes in $(μ,ν)$-parameter space. In $ν$-dominated region, the phase diagram is characterized by the plateau in the number of the inter-color connections, where the network is bipartite, while in $μ$-dominated region, the network looks as two weakly connected unicolor clusters. At $μ>μ_{crit}$ and $ν>ν_{crit}$ two phases are separated by a critical line, while at small values of $μ$ and $ν$, a gradual crossover between the two phases occurs. The second "colorless" model describes a society in which the advantage/disadvantage of forming small fully connected communities (short cycles or cliques in a graph) is controlled by a parameter $γ$. We analyze the topological structure of a social network in this model and demonstrate that above a critical threshold, $γ^+>0$, the entire network splits into a set of weakly connected clusters, while below another threshold, $γ^-<0$, the network acquires a bipartite graph structure. Our results propose mechanisms of formation of self-organized communities in international communication between countries, as well as in crime clans and prehistoric societies.
Exploring the Relationship Between C-Circle Levels and Cell Senescence in ALT-Positive Cancer Cell Lines

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

For 10-15% of cancers, the hindrance of telomere shortening is accomplished by alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) – a recombination-based assay that utilizes homologous recombination. This mechanism is most prevalent in glioblastoma multiforme, osteosarcomas, neuroblastomas, and various tumors of mesenchymal origin. Due to a current lack of knowledge on treatments for ALT based tumors, these cancers are often severe with a low chance of recovery. The Pattenden Lab has developed the High-Throughput C-circle Assay (HT-CCA) to screen for chemical or genetic inhibitors of the ALT pathway. A pilot screen of approximately 100 compounds identified a handful of small molecules that significantly increased C-circle level, including TR107, I-BET151, Belinostat, and Talazoparib. Previously, the lab utilized the CellTiter-Glo® Luminescent Cell Viability Assay to measure the number of viable cells in culture after compound treatment. While this assay can show whether the cells are metabolically active, it cannot confirm if the cells have stopped dividing and entered a senescent state. To better understand the significance of elevated C-circle levels in ALT cell viability, we need to examine how direct markers of senescence respond to compound treatment on the ALT cells. We hypothesize that the treatment of ALT-positive cells with compounds that increase C-circle levels will induce senescence. These results will help further our understanding of the internetwork within the ALT pathway, addressing an unmet need within the understudied area of ALT cancer therapy.
Abstract 17176: Burden and Prognostic Importance of Heart Failure Signs and Symptoms - Differences in Heart Failure With Preserved versus Reduced Ejection Fraction

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: In patients with heart failure (HF), worsening of HF signs and symptoms is associated with increased cardiovascular (CV) risk. Differences in burden of HF signs and symptoms and their prognostic value in HF with preserved (HFpEF) versus reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) are poorly understood. Hypothesis: High burden of HF signs and symptoms is associated with adverse CV events, and is of greater prognostic value in patients with HFrEF. Methods: Using combined data from PARADIGM-HF (LVEF eligibility ≤40%) and PARAGON-HF (LVEF eligibility ≥45%), Cox models were fit to assess the relationship between burden of HF signs and symptoms (≤2 or ≥3) and first HHF or CV death in patients with HFrEF (n=8385) and HFpEF (n=4709) with available signs and symptoms at screening (rest dyspnea, exertional dyspnea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, orthopnea, fatigue, edema, jugular venous distension, rales, third heart sound). Results: High burden of HF signs and symptoms (≥3) was more common among patients with HFpEF (48%) than HFrEF (42%, p<0.001). In both HF types, patients with high burden of signs and symptoms were more commonly female, had higher NYHA functional class and NT-proBNP and were more frequently prescribed diuretics (all p<0.001). Patients with HFrEF and high burden of signs and symptoms more commonly had atrial fibrillation (AF) than those with low burden (32 vs 41%, p<0.001) while prevalence of AF was similar regardless of sign and symptom burden in HFpEF (32 vs 32%, p = 0.98). High burden of signs and symptoms was associated with greater risk of HHF or CV death in patients with HFrEF (HR 1.47; 95% CI, 1.35-1.61) than in those with HFpEF (HR 1.28; 95% CI, 1.13-1.44; p interaction = 0.03) (Figure). Conclusion: Patients with HFpEF have slightly higher burden of HF signs and symptoms than those with HFrEF. High burden of HF signs and symptoms identifies patients at high risk foradverse CV events, and may have greater prognostic importance in patients with HFrEF than HFpEF.
Harmonizing Digital Contract Law

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This book assesses the impact of the implementation of EU Directives 2019/770 (DCD) and 2019/771 (SGD) in the EU Member States. Taking a country report approach, each contribution pays specific attention to the systematic implications (e.g. the relationship with the law of obligations and contracts, intellectual property law and data protection law), to the influence on the formation of concepts and terms in the national law. In addition, the author of each country report investigates the use of the options which the EU legislator left in the discretion of national legislators (e.g. Art. 12 SGD). Finally, the book explores any voluntary extended implementation of the contents of the directives. It offers a complete guide to DCD and SGD and their implementation across the EU.
A site-specific single-strand endonuclease from the eukaryote Chlamydomonas.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

We have found a unique deoxyribonuclease in extracts of the eukaryotic green alga Chlamydomonas. When incubated with viral DNA from adenovirus-2, this enzyme produces discrete fragments that form bands upon electrophoresis in an agarose gel. Site specificity of the enzymatic cleavage examined by identifying the 5'-terminal nucleotides in cleaved adenovirus-2 DNA and by studies with synthetic polynucleotides of defined sequence, indicates that the initial endonucleolytic cleavage occurs at a site containing a deoxythymidine residue. Electron microscopy of cleaved adenovirus-2 DNA revealed single-strand segments within duplex DNA. We propose that the enzyme acts by making initial site-specific single-strand incisions, followed by subsequent excision on the same strand, producing a gapped duplex molecule; and that double-strand scissions result from limited occurrence of overlapping single-strand gaps on complementary strands.
Emerging Market Penetration, Inventory Supply, and Financial Performance

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Realizing potential benefits from emerging market penetration requires firms to address inherent supply chain challenges. A major challenge is for firms to manage costly inventories to address demand and supply risks in emerging markets. However, emerging market penetration may offer opportunities for firms to lower inventory levels, reduce costs, and improve operating performance. Using data for 482 manufacturing firms over the 5‐year period, 2003–2007, obtained from the COMPUSTAT Industrial and Segment Databases, this article examines the relationships between emerging market penetration, inventory supply, and financial performance. Our results show that a multinational firm's sales penetration into emerging markets is associated with fewer days of inventory supply and improved financial performance. As emerging market penetration may allow firms to operate with lower inventory supply, the positive effect from emerging market penetration, such as labor cost reductions, may be enhanced due to inventory cost savings.
F2‐02‐03: NF‐L IN TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY/ CONCUSSION FOR PRECISION MEDICINE AND AS A PREDICTOR OF OUTCOME

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) or concussion is a major health problem, both at the emergency ward and in sports medicine. More than 10% of individuals with concussion develop a condition called post-concussion syndrome (PCS), and repeated concussions are believed to cause a neurodegenerative disorder called chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). Biochemical tests would be valuable in the emergency room to identify and grade the severity of neuronal damage and to predict clinical outcome, and also in medical counseling of high-impact contact sport athletes to guide return-to-play decisions. Diffuse axonal injury is a central pathophysiological mechanism in mTBI, and thus axonal proteins are top candidates as TBI biomarkers. Clinical studies support the axonal protein neurofilament light (NF-L) in CSF as a key top are candidate biomarkers for acute TBI, but CSF sampling in acute TBI cases is difficult to implement in the clinical situation. The use novel ultra-sensitive techniques give an extraordinary increase in analytical sensitivity down to a few pg/mL, allowing for quantification of NF-L in blood samples. Clinical studies on patients with moderate to severe TBI, show that serum NF-L at admission yielded an AUC of 99% or higher. Serum NF-L also predicted both survival and functional outcome at one year. In contrast, serum S100B did not relate to functional outcome. NF-L in blood also show promise as a biomarker to identify neuronal damage and predict prognosis in contact sports athletes with concussion, including professional ice-hockey players, boxers and American football players. Measurement of NF-L in blood show promise as a sensitive biomarkers for mild TBI and concussion, both for diagnosis and to predict prognosis. NF-L and other blood biomarkers may also be important tools to explore the relations between neuronal damage and development of PCS and CTE in clinical studies.
The Influence of Collective Agency on the Culture of Employee Learning:

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This study investigated the influence of collective agency on the culture of employee learning among administrative assistants at a comprehensive South African university. Data were gathered through semi-structured interviews with 15 participants; the senior human resource training and development coordinator and a trade union leader. The study found that there is positive intentionality in the official domain of employee learning at the institution, resulting from the need for agents to collectively re-contextualise the knowledge constituting the employee learning curriculum. Similarly, there was evidence of the positive influence of collect- -ive agency in the administrative assistants’ responses to institutional employee learning initiatives. However, some tensions were noted between senior management’s and administrative assistants’ exercise of collective agency in the practice of employee learning. This hampered alignment between the institution’s strategic intentions and the administrative assistants’ collective employee learning goals. Based on these findings, it is recommended that efforts can be made to promote congruence between management’s exercise of collective agency in the official re-contextualisation of the employee learning curriculum and the administrative assist- -tants’ collective responses to employee learning practices. Key words: employee learning, administrative assistants, collective agency
In situ predator exposure creates some persistent anti-predator behaviours: insights from a common environment experiment

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Prey naiveté has been implicated in the global decline and reintroduction failure of many threatened species. A number of tools have been developed to combat prey naiveté including in situ predator exposure using live predators. However, determining the effectiveness and persistence of these interventions can be difficult, and requires comparisons of individual responses from predator-naïve and predator-trained populations. Even when this occurs, interpreting behavioural responses can be challenging because of the constraints of experimental design in large scale population manipulations. We used a common environment experiment and placed burrowing bettongs ( Bettongia lesueur ) from predator-free and predator-exposed populations together in an 8 ha fenced paddock. The predator-exposed population had been previously exposed to feral cats ( Felis catus ) under controlled wild conditions for up to six years and initial work suggested this exposure had led to physical and behavioural changes. Within our common environment experiment we compared a range of anti-predator behaviours including trap and feeding behaviour and response to predator scent and models. We found evidence for persistent trait changes up to 7 months, the latest time behaviours were tested, after bettongs were moved to the predator-free common environment and isolated from predators. These behaviours include reduced alarm rates, preference for open areas, and responses to predator scent and model stimuli. Additionally, high risk predator cues were more likely to elicit anti-predator responses than passive measures of anti-predator behaviour. Our design shows that predator exposure leads to persistent shifts in some, but not all, anti-predator behaviours. Identifying the proximate basis of anti-predator traits is important to develop successful tools to combat prey naiveté.