jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Philosophical Practice as Spiritual Exercises towards Truth, Wisdom, and Virtue

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The concept of spirituality has a long philosophical history. Based on detailed studies of a history of spiritual exercises from Socrates, the Stoics, Epicureanism, to early Christianity, the former catholic priest Pierre Hadot conceives philosophical practice as spiritual exercises in learning how to live a philosophical life. Following this idea, a number of philosophers such as Gerd B. Achenbach started the contemporary movement of philosophical practice in the 1980s, which aimed to apply philosophical theories and methods to discussions about issues people constantly encounter in life, mainly in the forms of philosophical counseling and philosophical therapy. In this paper, after showing that philosophical practice has already become a new frontier in philosophical research, we further argue that philosophical practice as spiritual exercises is an exercise of reason and logos, while certain kinds of religious exercises such as Zen arts can also constitute an important part of philosophical practice. We conclude that in light of the distinct plurality of the methods and modes of philosophical practice and the spiritual exercises involved, philosophical practice can be considered a meaningful and applicable approach to pursuing truth, wisdom, and virtue, which is of great didactic and ethical significance in the post-COVID-19 era.
Applicability of semi-automatic segmentation for volumetric analysis of brain lesions

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This project involves the development of a fast semi-automatic segmentation procedure to make an accurate volumetric estimation of brain lesions. This method has been applied in the segmentation of demyelination plaques in Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and right cerebral hemispheric infarctions in patients with neglect. The developed segmentation method includes several image processing techniques, such as image enhancement, amplitude segmentation, and region growing. The entire program operates on a PC-based computer and applies graphical user interfaces. Twenty three patients with MS and 43 patients with right cerebral hemisphere infarctions were studied on a 0.5 T MRI unit. The MS plaques and cerebral infarctions were thereafter segmented. The volumetric accuracy of the program was demonstrated by segmenting Magnetic Resonance (MR) images of fluid filled syringes. The relative error of the total volume measurement based on the MR images of syringes was 1.5%. Also the repeatability test was carried out as inter-and intra-observer study in which MS plaques of six randomly selected patients were segmented. These tests indicated 7% variability in the inter-observer study and 4% variability in the intra-observer study. Average time used to segment and calculate the total plaque volumes for one patient was 10 min. This simple segmentation method can be utilized in the quantitation of anatomical structures, such as air cells in the sinonasal and temporal bone area, as well as in different pathological conditions, such as brain tumours, intracerebral haematomas and bony destructions.
Authorizing Indonesia Diversity through the Inheritance of Multiculturalism Values Based on Local Wisdom of Maluku People

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The reality of Indonesia diversity as a nation, today, enters momentum which is very worrying.Various social phenomena in society such as violence, conflict, terrorism, up to the chaotic of national politic (sectarian politic), etc. continually occur in the midst of our national life.These empirical facts show that spirit of pluralism as the power, which binds us, begins to fragile.Whereas diversity is a foundation for presenting a pluralistic Indonesia is slowly faded away.We begin to lose our foothold.Those phenomena should not be continually abandoned.Various efforts should be done to minimize or even stop all phenomena which threat our diversity.Improving nationality character and the spirit of diversity by continually inherit multiculturalism values from various local wisdom are powers to unite us are the important and urgent things to do.Therefore, this study is focused on the manifestation of multicultural values which are derived from the local wisdom which grow and develop in the midst of community life.The local wisdom of Maluku People is the identity of Maluku community which is full of social, moral and ethical values which bind its community continuously.Manifesting local wisdom values in social relation to its community continuously is one way to confirm Indonesia diversity.Therefore, the social harmony is maintained continuously for the sake of the united, secure and peaceful Indonesia.
Case 3428Palaemon rosenbergiiDe Man, 1879 (currentlyMacrobrachiumrosenbergii; Crustacea, Decapoda): proposed conservation of usage by designation of a neotype

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The purpose of this application, under Article 75.6 of the Code, is to conserve the usage of the specific name of Macrobrachium rosenbergii (De Man, 1879) for a commercially important giant freshwater prawn from Southeast Asia by designating a neotype. Recent taxonomic reappraisals show that the two subspecies of this prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii rosenbergii (De Man, 1879) and M. rosenbergii dacqueti (Sunier, 1925) are in fact distinct species. The usage of the name M. rosenbergii for the species of prawn that is predominantly fished, cultured and studied by biologists is threatened, as its recently designated lectotype is M. dacqueti, while the holotype of M. rosenbergii is a different species, which has generated much less commercial and scientific interest. As substantial confusion will result if the names are changed, it is proposed that the existing holotype of Macrobrachium rosenbergii (De Man, 1879) be set aside and the lectotype of M. dacqueti (Sunier, 1925) be designated as neotype of Macrobrachium rosenbergii in its place. This action will allow biologists to retain the name M. rosenbergii for the commercially valuable species and will result in the less frequently used name M. dacqueti becoming a junior objective synonym of M. rosenbergii. For the species defined by the current holotype of M. rosenbergii, a new name Macrobrachium wallacei is proposed and a holotype is designated.
On the theory of profit capitalization of a multifactorial manufacturing enterprise

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The published article proposes new economic and mathematical models of the dynamics of development of multifactorial enterprises, the restoration of production resources of which is ensured by the capitalization of profits. The features of these models are that to calculate the profit of enterprises, multiplicative production functions with variable resource elasticities, functions describing proportional, progressive and digressive volumes of production costs, and functions describing proportional, progressive and digressive volumes of depreciation deductions are used. To predict the volume of production costs and the volume of depreciation deductions, systems of differential equations are established. It is shown that the effectiveness of the dynamics of the development of enterprises depends on the choice of values of capitalization coefficients. An unsuccessful choice of these coefficients does not allow the company to ensure its maximum profit. A system of equations has been obtained for calculating effective capitalization ratios, using which the enterprise is guaranteed to enter the operating mode with maximum profit. Variants of enterprise development dynamics for proportional, progressive and digressive costs and proportional, progressive and digressive depreciation charges are considered. Various modes of operation of enterprises are shown, which include stable output by enterprises, temporary suspension of work of enterprises during its technical re-equipment, and temporary partial curtailment of production.
Introduction

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Extreme athletes, death-defiers and those who perform incredible stunts of endurance have been celebrated throughout history. Research into extreme behaviour started in earnest in the decade of experimentation. The 1960s introduced the work of University of Massachusetts psychology professor Seymour Epstein, who studied parachutists' physiological arousal when approaching a jump and observed the immense sense of wellbeing derived from surviving fear. Psychologist Frank Farley is interested in the positive aspects of thrill-seekers, among them extreme athletes, entrepreneurs and explorers, and what we can learn from them. It must be noted that it's not always the case that people who take part in a pursuit that pushes their body to extremes have a common disposition or personal history. It's more accurate to say that what the pursuit has to offer can be a particular draw for some kinds of people.
Adjusting Scotland's Block Grant for new Tax and Welfare Powers: Assessing the Options

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The Scotland Bill, currently making its way through the Houses of Parliament, will transfer a range of tax and spending powers from Westminster to the Scottish Parliament. At the same time, an adjustment will have to be made to Scotland&rsquo;s block grant funding from Westminster. Alongside things like changes to borrowing powers and fiscal institutions, these block grant adjustments (BGAs) form a key part of the new &ldquo;fiscal framework&rdquo; Scotland will require when these powers are transferred. This paper identifies some of the key issues related to these BGAs and the Smith Commission's principles for the fiscal framework.
Sustainable engineering of human hair fiber-composite in engineering application

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The hybrid composite material, resulting from the fusion of human hair and Kevlar 29 synthetic fiber in a 10:1 ratio, reinforced with epoxy resin using the hand layup technique, underwent meticulous mechanical and thermal testing. The investigation encompassed tensile, flexural, and impact property evaluations, elucidating a notable enhancement in mechanical strength with a diminishing synthetic fiber content. Concomitantly, the composite exhibited commendable heat resistance in heat deflection tests, making it potentially suitable for applications in elevated temperature environments. Water absorption properties were scrutinized, revealing a correlation between reduced synthetic fiber content and diminished water absorption, implying heightened durability in diverse conditions. Microstructure analysis through SEM provided intricate insights into the internal composition. In summation, the composite, featuring a higher proportion of natural fibers and a lower proportion of synthetics, demonstrated superior mechanical attributes, optimal heat resistance, and reduced water absorption, showcasing its applicability in automotive and engineering domains, particularly in the fabrication of vehicle panels and components. The aim of this research represents a significant advancement in composite materials, offering a cost-effective solution that balances mechanical strength and thermal resistance. It suggests the potential for high-performance materials by combining natural and synthetic fibers, promising versatility across various applications.
Emerging contaminants, coerced ignorance and environmental health concerns: The case of per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS)

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Over the past decade, there has been widespread concern about environmental contamination linked to an emerging class of compounds known as PFAS [Poly‐ and per‐fluorinated alkyl substances]. PFAS contamination has been found in drinking water across the United States. Despite the increased interest within the scientific community, little research has been conducted on community environmental health concerns related to this emerging contaminant. This article analyses the case of PFAS water contamination in eastern North Carolina stemming from industrial production. Drawing from in‐depth interviews, newspaper articles and government documents, we examine how uncertainty has permeated the case and influenced both official and community responses. Specifically, we analyse corporate and political officials’ production of "coerced ignorance" surrounding PFAS and residents’ perception of environmental and health concerns under conditions of uncertainty. Implications for future research on PFAS contamination and other emerging contaminants are discussed.
ChemInform Abstract: Electrodeposition of Trace Metallic Impurities: Dependence on the Supporting Electrolyte Concentration ‐ a Comparison Between Bipolar and Monopolar Porous Electrodes.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The removal of trace concentrations of Hg by monopolar and bipolar porous graphite felt electrodes from solutions containing various amounts of NaNO 3 as supporting electrolyte has been investigated.
Petrinets Manipulation To Reduce Roaming Duration: Criterion To Improve Handoff Management

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

IETF RFC 2002 originally introduced the wireless Mobile-IP protocol to support portable IP addresses for mobile devices that often change their network access points to the Internet. The inefficiency of this protocol mainly within the handoff management produces large end-to-end packet delays, during registration process, and further degrades the system efficiency due to packet losses between subnets. The criterion to initiate a simple and fast full-duplex connection between the home agent and foreign agent, to reduce the roaming duration, is a very important issue to be considered by a work in this paper. State-transition Petri-Nets of the modeling scenario-based CIA: communication inter-agents procedure as an extension to the basic Mobile-IP registration process was designed and manipulated. The heuristic of configuration file during practical Setup session for registration parameters, on Cisco platform Router-1760 using IOS 12.3 (15)T is created. Finally, stand-alone performance simulations results from Simulink Matlab, within each subnet and also between subnets, are illustrated for reporting better end-to-end packet delays. Results verified the effectiveness of our Mathcad analytical manipulation and experimental implementation. It showed lower values of end-to-end packet delay for Mobile-IP using CIA procedure. Furthermore, it reported packets flow between subnets to improve packet losses between subnets.
Treatment-Only Single-Case Designs with Student Self-Recording for the Teacher as Researcher.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

One valuable ingredient that is missing from common teacher practice is the measurement of ongoing student performance in the classroom in a way that supports improvement in student performance and in teacher instruction that can be shared with parents, teachers, and other professional colleagues. Treatment-only designs (TODs) with self-recording by students can provide that measurement for educational practices in public school classrooms, and they may be a useful way for educators and educational researchers to share useful information. Such designs may be considered as an elementary or case study level of single-case research. Examples are given of inferences from TODs and how they may lead to more sophisticated designs. The development of this approach allows for a two-way interaction between technology and science that promises some of the benefits that occur when technology and science are in close collaboration. Examples are given in the following areas in which TODs support: (1) self-recording; (2) self-recording with graphs rather than tables; (3) improving writing by increasing the rate of writing; (4) introducing more advanced single-case designs; (5) questioning a hypothesis; and (6) establishing the usefulness of types of instruction. (Contains 5 figures and 74 references.) (SLD) ******************************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. ******************************************************************************** Treatment-only Designs 1 Running Head: TREATMENT-ONLY DESIGNS Treatment-Only Single-Case Designs with Student Self-Recording for the Teacher as Researcher
Experimental investigation on the effect of water based nanofluids (Al₂O₃ and MgO) used as HTF in a PCM based thermal energy storage system integrated with constant heat source

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

This research focuses on evaluating the thermal performance of a combined sensible and latent heat storage unit using a packed bed design integrated with a constant heat source. The Thermal Energy Storage (TES) system features a cylindrical, insulated storage tank filled with spherical capsules containing phase change materials (PCMs) - specifically, paraffin wax and stearic acid. PCMs offer significant benefits in thermal management by enabling isothermal operation and higher thermal storage capacity, contributing to a reduction in system size and cost. To enhance the thermal conductivity of the heat transfer fluid (HTF), nanoparticles are introduced into water, creating nanofluids that improve the efficiency of heat transfer. These water-based nanofluids facilitate heat transfer between the constant heat source and the storage tank, serving as a sensible heat storage medium. The study examines different HTF configurations, starting with water alone and extending to nanofluids with Al₂O₃ and MgO nanoparticles at three volume concentrations (0.2%, 0.5%, and 0.8%). Experiments were conducted at varied flow rates of 2, 4, and 6 liters per minute to analyze the effect of these parameters on heat transfer and PCM melting time. Performance parameters, including charging time, instantaneous stored heat, cumulative stored heat, and system efficiency, were evaluated for each HTF-PCM combination. Additionally, batch-wise discharging experiments were conducted to assess the system's heat recovery capability. The results offer insight into the comparative advantages of different HTF materials and configurations, highlighting the thermal performance enhancements achieved by using nanoparticle-enhanced HTFs.
10.1063/5.0082461.3

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Ultrasound-assisted direct energy deposition (UADED) attracts increasing attention due to its capability to tailor the grain structure. However, the involved molten pool dynamics, particularly the complex interaction of ultrasound-flow-solidification, remain unclear to date, which hinders quantitative prediction and regulation of the microstructures and mechanical properties of UADED components. Here, in situ high-speed imaging and high-fidelity multi-physics modeling are leveraged to investigate flow characteristics and liquid-to-solid transformation in UADED for Inconel 718. The inertial force activated by ultrasound is revealed to drive the molten pool to flow forward and backward along the vibration direction, resulting in poor surface quality. A hybrid deposition strategy is developed to minimize ultrasound-induced defects and produce superior microstructure with alternating coarse- and fine- grains. Such a layered microstructure results in 28% and 15% improvement in the yield strength and ultimate tensile strength compared to the counterpart by additive manufacturing without ultrasound. This work provides unprecedented understanding into the molten pool dynamics in the UADED process as well as valuable guidance to manipulate molten pool flow.
Salinirussus salinus gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from a marine solar saltern

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

A halophilic archaeal strain, YGH44T, was isolated from the Yinggehai marine solar saltern in Hainan Province of China. Cells were rod-shaped, stained Gram-negative and formed red-pigmented colonies on agar plates. Optimal growth was obtained with 3.4 M NaCl (range: 2.6-4.8 M), 0.5 M MgCl2 (range: 0.005-1.0 M), at 37 °C (range: 25-55 °C) and at pH 7.0 (range: pH 5.0-9.0). The cells lysed in distilled water, and the minimal NaCl concentration to prevent cell lysis was 1.7 M. Phylogenetic tree reconstructions based on 16S rRNA genes and rpoB' genes revealed that strain YGH44T was distinct from the related genera, Halovenus, Halapricum, Halorientalis, Halorhabdus and Halosimplex of the order Halobacteriales. The major polar lipids of the strain were phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol phosphate methyl ester and three unidentified glycolipids. The DNA G+C content of strain YGH44Twas 69.0 mol%. The phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic properties suggested that strain YGH44T (=CGMCC 1.12234T=JCM 18646T) represents a novel species of a new genus within the order Halobacteriales, for which the name Salinirussus salinus gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed.
Differential proteomic analysis of human hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines with different metastasis potentials

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Objective Comparative study of differential expression of protein profiles of hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines with various metastasis potential and screening key molecule related to hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis and recurrence. Methods Using 2-DE and LC-ESI-MS/MS , we analysed differential displayed proteomics of human hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines Hep3B、MHCC97L、MHCC97H with different metastasis potential. Results We had detected 976±112 spots averagely in Hep3B (n=3); 1092±40 in MHCC97L (n=3) and 888±15 in MHCC97H. When MHCC97L gel acted as the reference gel, the average matched ratio was 65.7%,72.1%,66.2% respectively; The average positional deviation of the matched spots among Hep3B, MHCC97L and MHCC97H profiles was(2.95± 0.95)mm in IEF direction and(2.87±0.88)mm in SDS-PAGE direction. The differential expression analysis showed that there were 359 matched spots among Hep3B、MHCC97L and MHCC97H .Compared with the expression profile of Hep3B, 103 spots that were not matched in MHCC97L, 113 spots that were not matched in MHCC97H. There were 57 overexpression spots (10 fold) and 49 downexpression spots (10 fold) in MHCC97L. There were 47 overexpression spots (10 fold) and 52 downexpression (10 fold) spots in MHCC97H. Twenty-six significant differentially proteins in gel were identified by ESI-MS/MS, where included S100A4, S100A6, S100A11, Annexin1 and so on. Conclusion The protein profile of metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines displayed obviously difference compared to that of non metastatic liver cancer cell lines.The results implied that various distinct different proteins might lead to HCC metastasis together.