jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Groove Pancreatitis: A Rare Form of Chronic Pancreatitis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Groove Pancreatitis is an uncommon form of chronic pancreatitis. Its presentation is very similar to pancreatic head adenocarcinoma and its diagnosis is extremely challenging. EUS FNA is generally inconclusive therefore most patients eventually require surgery. Case Presentation: A 57 year old male with a history of HIV, Hepatitis B and Fournier gangrene presented with four days of epigastric pain. He was mildly tachycardic and had dry mucous membranes. Abdominal exam revealed absent bowel sounds and epigastric tenderness. Laboratory evaluation revealed a creatinine of 1.72 mg/dL, potassium of 2.9mmol/L and a normal lipase level of 86 U/L. Liver enzymes and total bilirubin were normal. CT imaging of his abdomen and pelvis showed high grade obstruction of the second portion of the duodenum without any obvious mass. EGD showed a mass at the duodenal bulb causing luminal narrowing. Biopsies of were negative for malignancy. MRI of the abdomen revealed a mass in the region of the pancreatic head and descending duodenum. PET scan demonstrated hypermetabolic activity of the mass without lymph node involvement. CEA and CA 19-9 were normal. EUS revealed a 3 cm mass in the region of pancreatic head with irregular borders and no vascular invasion. FNA was non-diagnostic. Pt then underwent a Whipple's procedure. Pathology of these specimens was negative for malignancy but were consistent with paraduodenal or “groove” pancreatitis. The duodenal submucosa had Brunner's gland hyperplasia with fibrosis and into the pancreas. The patient was discharged after pain was controlled and he was tolerating an oral diet. We suspect the Brunner's gland hyperplasia as confirmed by pathology to be the cause of Groove pancreatitis in our patient. Discussion: The low incidence of groove pancreatitis is partly due to lack of familiarity. The exact cause is unknown, although there are strong associations with long-term alcohol abuse, functional obstruction of the duct of Santorini and Brunner gland hyperplasia. Groove Pancreatitis should always be considered in the differential for patients presenting with pancreatic head lesions with no cholestatic jaundice especially when duodenal obstruction is present and neither duodenal biopsies nor pancreatic head FNA confirm adenocarcinoma.Figure 1Figure 2Figure 3
Acute profound thrombocytopenia without bleeding complications after re-administration of abciximab.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abciximab (c7E3) is the Fab fragment of the chimeric (murine/human) monoclonal antibody directed against the platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor, which is the final common pathway for platelet aggregation. Abciximab has been widely used for patients undergoing angioplasty who are at high risk for ischemic complications. Severe thrombocytopenia (defined as platelet count < 50,000 platelet/mm3) has been observed in both first-time administration and re-administration of abciximab. Platelet transfusion as treatment for the reversal of thrombocytopenia is ubiquitously accepted. Intravenous corticosteroid as an adjunctive therapy is being explored. We previously reported our experience with platelet transfusion combined with corticosteroid treatment for acute thrombocytopenia following first-time abciximab administration. We now report a case of acute profound thrombocytopenia following re-administration of abciximab successfully treated with a combination of platelet transfusion and intravenous corticosteroid.
Bilateral Reciprocity and Attitudes Toward Immigration

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The global migration landscape is undergoing change. Migration diplomacy—interstate bargaining over migration—is growing in importance, and traditionally (im)migrant-sending countries increasingly serve as transit and recipient countries. Exploring the implications of these trends for public opinion toward immigration, we develop a theory of bilateral reciprocity that links the logic of reward and punishment to citizens’ attitudes toward immigration. Leveraging a survey experiment fielded in the crucial case of Kosovo, we find that respondents prefer immigrants from countries that have helped Kosovo internationally over immigrants from countries that have harmed Kosovo internationally. Nevertheless, respondent preferences for reciprocity are unequal: respondents are more willing to punish than they are to reward immigrants for their sending country’s behavior. Supplemental findings from survey data in Germany lend additional support to our theoretical framework. These findings hold important implications for our understanding of the drivers of attitudes toward immigration and the mass politics of migration diplomacy.
Role of partnership and experimentation for the co-design of sustainable innovations: The case of the West of Burkina Faso

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In the West of Burkina Faso, improving the integration of crop and livestock activities could allow to strengthen the productivity and sustainability of farming systems. But few of the technical propositions of agronomists were adopted and transformed into innovations by farmers. The TERIA project (2005-2007) tested a framework of Participative Action Research to co-design agropastoral innovations with farmers from the identification of problems to the experimentation of solutions. This project proposed a method to organize the partnership between the different stakeholders of the project and an original experimental framework. It allows building scientific knowledge on local practices and favouring the training of the stakeholders on contextualised techniques.
Influence of Abiotic Factors on Seasonal Incidence of Brinjal Shoot and Fruit Borer, Leucinodes orbonalis Guen. in Varanasi Region

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A field experiment was carried out to investigate the seasonal incidence and influence under unprotected conditions of abiotic factors on infestation of shoot and fruit borer (Leucinodes orbonalis Guenee) in brinjal during Kharif 2013-14 and 2014-15 of Varanasi region. The results revealed that the incidence of shoot and fruit borer and shoot infestation started from first week of August whereas, fruit infestation started from third week of September during both the years. The highest per cent shoot infestation was recorded in second week of September during both the years and the highest per cent fruit infestation of shoot and fruit borer was recorded on third week of October during both years. The shoot and fruit borer was active throughout the cropping season. Among the weather parameters, maximum temperature, minimum temperature, morning relative humidity and sunshine hours showed positive correlation but with rainfall and evening relative humidity showed negative correlation on the incidence of both shoot and fruit infestation by the pest. Thus the management of brinjal shoot and fruit borer during Kharif sown brinjal should therefore be initiated from August onwards using an integrated approach.
Masquerading in the name of world peace: An analysis of Sunil Sigdel’s painting “Peace Owners II”

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This article analyses Sunil Sigdel’s painting “Peace Owners II,” a portrayal of three major political leaders of our time; Donald J. Trump, Vladimir Putin, and Kim Jong Un, from the holistic level of structure, meaning, and discourse. To interpret the painting, it utilizes Erwin Panofsky’s “art interpretation theory,” which examines visual art in pre-iconographical, iconographical, and iconological description, in conversation with visual rhetorics. This article, keeping Buddhist philosophy at the center, shows that Sigdel’s painting is a medley of the eastern tradition of thangka-paubha art and the notion of global politics and foregrounds the contradictions between the real peace preached by Gautam Buddha and shallow peace advocated by the modern world leaders. The allegory of political leaders depicts a contradiction between Buddha’s notion on peace and that of the Buddha-like demigod of our time who are disguisedly selling the false idea of a peace process throughout the world. The painting also contends that the failure of both political ideologies—democratic essence and communist values—in global politics is the reason for the juxtaposition of Buddha’s concept of peace and profit-oriented intentionally operationalized peace by so-called peace owners.
The impact of the xSPECT reconstruction algorithms on the recovery coefficients value for small tumors: a phantom study with 177Lu

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Quantifying small tumors is still a challenge due to the partial volume effect (PVE). Although iterative reconstruction had promising results with a better recovery coefficient (RC), it suffers from the PVE. RC values typically depend on the reconstruction method, which may affect on 177Lu quantifying. In this study, we investigated the effect of different reconstruction methods on RC values for 177Lu SPECT/CT images. A water-filled cylindrical polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) phantom without background radioactivity with two solid cylinders which represent the bone and soft tissue equivalent was used for SPECT/CT imaging. We placed syringes with different volumes containing 177Lu in the vicinity of the cylinders as tumors. The iterative reconstructions of xSPECT, xSPECT Bone, and Flash3D was performed on SPECT/CT images.The effect of the reconstruction algorithms on the RC values was determined by calculating the radioactivity concentration in volumes of interest which were drawn manually and by a threshold method. The xSPECT Bone reconstruction has shown an RC value of approximately 100%, while the other reconstructions typically show an RC value of 93%. The RC values for all the reconstructions were decreased for smaller tumors. The smallest tumor showed a minimum RC between 52% and 72% compared to the largest tumor. In this study, it was possible to obtain an RC value close to 100% when the xSPECT Bone reconstruction algorithm was used. The xSPECT results were slightly lower RC values compared to the Flash3D algorithm. In using standard RC curves for tumors close to the bone, special care has to be taken since RC values relative to bone are higher than in tissue.
Quiet concrete pavement surfaces

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

For the last five years, a comprehensive evaluation has been conducted on hundreds of concrete pavement surfaces throughout the US, Canada, and Europe. These data have been synthesized in a manner that allows the highway industry to make important decisions about how best to design and construct concrete pavements to reduce tire-pavement noise levels without compromising other important aspects such as durability, safety, and cost. While a significant amount of variability is present in the data, clear trends have been identified. Some surfaces, such as diamond grinding, appear to be among the best alternatives available today for reducing tire-pavement noise. Meanwhile, recent trials of more unconventional surfaces have yielded mixed results. In the end, the techniques for concrete pavement surfacing today include a vast array of choices. The selection of the best surface for the particular job can now be made more confidently given this improved understanding of the potential impacts due to tire-pavement noise.
Diesel engine evaluation of a nonionic sunflower oil‐aqueous ethanol microemulsion

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract A nonionic sunflower oil‐aqueous ethanol microemulsion was formulated, characterized and evaluated as a fuel in a direct injection, turbocharged, intercooled, 4‐cylinder Allis‐Chalmers diesel engine during a 200 hr EMA cycle laboratory screening endurance test. Differences in engine operation between a baseline Phillips 2D reference fuel and the experimental fuel were observed. The major problem experienced while operating with the microemulsion was an incomplete combustion process at low‐load engine operation. Significant lubricating oil dilution was observed initially, followed by an abnormal increase in the viscosity of the lubricative oil. Heavier carbon residue on the piston lands, in the piston ring grooves and in the intake ports was noted. In addition, premature injection‐nozzle deterioration (sticking of the needle) was experienced. At present, the sunflower oil‐aqueous ethanol microemulsion studied cannot be recommended for long‐term use in a direct‐injection diesel engine, but further modifications in formulation may produce acceptable sunflower oil microemulsions as alternative diesel fuels.
Training in the independent sector of the licensed trade: the need for management development

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Just under one third of British pubs are privately owned. The remainder belong to breweries or retailing companies, each of which have devised specific policies on the most profitable method of dealing with the public. Thus, about one quarter of all outlets are managed, with the profits going directly to the owner, and the remainder of the property – over two fifths of the total number of pubs in the country – being rented to individuals who trade for themselves, and retain the profits. There are around 70,000 public houses.
Entropies from Markov Models as Complexity Measures of Embedded Attractors

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

This paper addresses the problem of measuring complexity from embedded attractors as a way to characterize changes in the dynamical behavior of different types of systems with a quasi-periodic behavior by observing their outputs. With the aim of measuring the stability of the trajectories of the attractor along time, this paper proposes three new estimations of entropy that are derived from a Markov model of the embedded attractor. The proposed estimators are compared with traditional nonparametric entropy measures, such as approximate entropy, sample entropy and fuzzy entropy, which only take into account the spatial dimension of the trajectory. The method proposes the use of an unsupervised algorithm to find the principal curve, which is considered as the “profile trajectory”, that will serve to adjust the Markov model. The new entropy measures are evaluated using three synthetic experiments and three datasets of physiological signals. In terms of consistency and discrimination capabilities, the results show that the proposed measures perform better than the other entropy measures used for comparison purposes.
Time dependence of the interaction between lipid and glucose in humans

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The time-dependent effect of Intralipid infusion on glucose metabolism was examined in seven healthy young subjects who participated in the following three experimental protocols: study I, a 4-h euglycemic insulin clamp (0-240 min) with [3-3H]glucose and indirect calorimetry; study II, a 4-h insulin clamp with Intralipid infusion started at time 0; and study III, a 4-h insulin clamp with Intralipid infusion started at 120 min. When Intralipid infusion was begun at the start of the insulin clamp, the increase in insulin-mediated glucose oxidation was completely inhibited, and the rise in nonoxidative glucose disposal was diminished by 22%. When Intralipid infusion was begun 120 min after the start of the insulin clamp, no inhibitory effect on either glucose oxidation or nonoxidative glucose disposal was observed. The change in lipid oxidation was closely and inversely correlated with the change in glucose oxidation (r = -0.826, P less than 0.001) during studies I-III; no correlation between the change in lipid oxidation and nonoxidative glucose disposal was observed. These results indicate that, in healthy subjects, the metabolic competition between lipid and glucose is very time dependent. Furthermore, mitochondrial oxidative processes are more sensitive and are affected earlier than the cytosolic metabolic pathways, i.e., nonoxidative glucose disposal.
Placing Islam: Geographies of Connections in Twentieth-Century Istanbul, Timur Warner Hammond (2023)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Review of: Placing Islam: Geographies of Connections in Twentieth-Century Istanbul , Timur Warner Hammond (2023) Oakland: University of California Press, 262 pp., 24 colour illus., 4 maps, ISBN: 9780520387430, $34.95 (paperback)
Investigation into the Vibration of a Hollow Shaft Partially Filled with Liquid : 5th Report, Approximate Solution of the Liquid Force Using Boundary Layer Theory

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

本報では壁面近傍の境界層では粘性流を, その外部では非粘性流を仮定することによって液体力を求める近似解法を導き, これを用いた計算結果について検討した. 数値解との比較によりこの理論の精度がよいことを示し, レイノルズ数が大きくても何らの問題もなく解を求めうることを明らかにした.
Solar cycle variation of the upper atmosphere temperature of Mars

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Neutral gas temperatures inferred from topside plasma scale heights of electron density distributions obtained from observations by US and USSR Mars missions imply a much higher dependence on solar activity (expressed by the 10.7 cm radio flux F 10.7 ) than that found for Venus. This dependence, however, does not appear to be consistent with the observed solar cycle dependence of ionospheric peak plasma densities. The reason for this discrepancy seems to lie in the fact, that photochemical equilibrium applies only to altitudes below 170 km, whereas topside scale heights are usually derived for a much greater altitude range and thus may be modified by transport and other processes. If scale heights are obtained by matching a Chapman‐layer to plasma density profiles near the ionosphere peak, the derived neutral temperatures show a much weaker dependence on F 10.7 , in fact one essentially the same as for Venus. Thus, the response of the upper atmosphere of Mars, at least near the ionospheric peak, appears to be virtually identical to that of Venus.
Learning Implicit Credit Assignment for Cooperative Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We present a multi-agent actor-critic method that aims to implicitly address the credit assignment problem under fully cooperative settings. Our key motivation is that credit assignment among agents may not require an explicit formulation as long as (1) the policy gradients derived from a centralized critic carry sufficient information for the decentralized agents to maximize their joint action value through optimal cooperation and (2) a sustained level of exploration is enforced throughout training. Under the centralized training with decentralized execution (CTDE) paradigm, we achieve the former by formulating the centralized critic as a hypernetwork such that a latent state representation is integrated into the policy gradients through its multiplicative association with the stochastic policies; to achieve the latter, we derive a simple technique called adaptive entropy regularization where magnitudes of the entropy gradients are dynamically rescaled based on the current policy stochasticity to encourage consistent levels of exploration. Our algorithm, referred to as LICA, is evaluated on several benchmarks including the multi-agent particle environments and a set of challenging StarCraft II micromanagement tasks, and we show that LICA significantly outperforms previous methods.
Narrative interviews: an important resource in qualitative research

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Objetives This methodological study explain and emphasize the extent and fertility of the narrative interview in qualitative research. Methods To describe the narrative method within the qualitative research. Results The qualitative research method is characterized by addressing issues related to the singularities of the field and individuals investigated, being the narrative interviews a powerful method for use by researchers who aggregate it. They allow the deepening of research, the combination of life stories with socio-historical contexts, making the understanding of the senses that produce changes in the beliefs and values that motivate and justify the actions of possible informants. Conclusion The use of narrative is an advantageous investigative resource in qualitative research, in which the narrative is a traditional form of communication whose purpose is to serve content from which the subjective experiences can be transmitted.
A 19 F‐Labeled Probe for the Chiral Discrimination of Thiols and Thioethers

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Sulfur‐containing compounds are pivotal in cellular processes such as redox balance and signal transduction. Traditionally, these compounds, especially thiols, are detected using fluorescence probes. However, these probes fall short in targeting thioethers due to their lower reactivity. Moreover, the chiral discrimination of thiols and thioethers typically relies on chromatographic methods, where separation‐free, in situ strategies are highly desirable. To address this, we have developed a novel 19 F‐labeled chiral platinum probe capable of distinguishing both thiols and thioethers. This technique generates distinct 19 F NMR signals that correspond to the stereoconfiguration of the analytes, enabling direct determination of their enantiocomposition. This method holds potential for integration into high‐throughput workflows, boosting pharmaceutical and biological research by facilitating rapid, efficient chiral analysis of crucial compounds.
Noise Waveform SAR Imaging in Antenna Near Zone

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Currently, number of ground-based applications of synthetic aperture radars (SAR) is growing up. One of the promising applications of such systems is monitoring of engineering structures and natural objects using method of differential SAR interferometry. The method enables detecting and measuring absolute shifts of objects with a precision better than one wavelength. Ground-based SAR may require getting images of objects in the near zone of a SAR radiator. In the paper the SAR imaging algorithm for near zone of the radiator has been elaborated and its validation has been done with the help of modeling of Noise Waveform SAR working in the near zone of a horn antenna. The near zone fields were obtained via numerical computation of the Kirkhoff's integral. The modeling showed that accounting of the near fields enables improving range and azimuth resolutions in the near zone of SAR radiator.
PYRRHIC PYRRHONISM

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In his provocative and refreshing new book, Walter Sinnott‐Armstrong argues for a position with two main components. There is a sceptical part of his view, but also a non‐sceptical part. The full title of the sceptical part is ‘Pyrrhonian scepticism about justified moral belief’. This is to be understood by contrast with its more definite cousin, Academic scepticism about justified moral belief. Academic scepticism makes the claim that nobody is ever justified in holding any substantive moral belief. Pyrrhonian scepticism is sceptical about this, and does not endorse it. But it does not deny it either. Pyrrhonian sceptics suspend belief about whether or not anyone is justified in holding any moral belief. We can of course generalize these two approaches to the justification of beliefs about any subject‐matter s. Adopting a shorthand, we could say that Academic sceptics about s‐beliefs hold that there are no justified beliefs about s, and Pyrrhonian sceptics about s‐beliefs suspend belief about whether or not there are any justified beliefs about s. Using this shorthand, Sinnott‐Armstrong is a Pyrrhonian sceptic about moral beliefs.