jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Commercial glucocorticoid formulations and skin dryness. Could it be caused by the vehicle?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Eczema craquelé can be induced by repeated open application of a topical glucocorticoid, viz. 0.05% clobetasole 17-propionate cream. This might not be invariably due to the active component. Comparison of the skin surface roughness as assessed by profilometry and as expressed by RZDIN showed a decrease after repeated open application of 0.1% betamethasone 17-valerate cream and 0.25% prednicarbate cream, but an increase following the vehicle of the latter preparation. Thus commercial oil-in-water emulsion preparations seem to be potentially injurious to human skin, though this may be masked when a glucocorticoid is added.
Kerr, Sir William, (1895–21 Aug. 1959), DL 1949; JP; Town Clerk of Glasgow since 1939; Civil Defence Controller for Glasgow; Hon. Secretary, Glasgow Local Savings Cttee

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

"Kerr, Sir William, (1895–21 Aug. 1959), DL 1949; JP; Town Clerk of Glasgow since 1939; Civil Defence Controller for Glasgow; Hon. Secretary, Glasgow Local Savings Cttee" published on by Oxford University Press.
Functional outcome of autologous anorectal transplantation in an experimental model

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Although anorectal transplantation is a challenging procedure, it is a promising option for patients who have completely lost anorectal function or in whom it failed to develop, as in congenital malformations. The paucity of animal models with which to test functional outcomes was addressed in this study of anorectal manometry in rats. Methods Wistar rats were assigned randomly to four groups: orthotopic anorectal transplantation, heterotopic transplantation, sham operation, or normal control. Bodyweight and anal pressure were measured immediately before and after operation, and on postoperative days 7 and 14. ANOVA and Tukey's test were used to compare results for bodyweight, anal manometry and length of procedure. Results Immediately after the procedure, mean(s.d.) anal pressure in the orthotopic group (n = 13) dropped from 31·4(13·1) to 1·6(13·1) cmH2O (P &lt; 0·001 versus both sham operation (n = 13) and normal control (n = 15)), with partial recovery on postoperative day 7 (14·9(13·9) cmH2O) (P = 0·009 versus normal control) and complete recovery on day 14 (23·7(12·2) cmH2O). Heterotopic rats (n = 14) demonstrated partial functional recovery: mean(s.d.) anal pressure was 26·9(10·9) cmH2O before operation and 8·6(6·8) cmH2O on postoperative day 14 (P &lt; 0·001 versus both sham and normal control). Conclusion Orthotopic anorectal transplantation may result in better functional outcomes than heterotopic procedures.
Self Management among Diabetes Patients

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: In the management of diabetes mellitus, the role of self-care has been pivotal. Individuals with diabetes have been shown to make a dramatic impact on the progression and development of disease by participating in their care.This study aimed to assess self-management among diabetes patients. Materials and Methods: Analytical cross-sectional study was conducted among 232 patients with diabetes selected by convenience sampling. Diabetes Self Management Questionnaire-Revised was used to assess self-management among diabetes patients. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (bivariate logistic regression). Results: Findings of the study revealed that out of 232 respondents, 48.7% had suboptimal diabetes self-management practices. The global score for diabetes self-management was 5.28± 1.34 The mean score for subscale cooperation with the diabetes team was highest i.e., 7.50± 1.94 followed by medication taking subscale (6.94±3.14), physical activity subscale (5.37± 3.09), eating behavior subscale (5.35±1.71) and glucose monitoring subscale (0.83± 2.19) respectively. The results further indicated a significant association between diabetes self-management and religion, type of diabetes medication, glycemic control, and diabetes complications at p<0.05. Conclusion: The present study showed that almost half of the respondents had suboptimal diabetes self-management. Therefore, healthcare providers should further design and implement interventions to improve self-management behavior among diabetes patients
Primary central nervous system lymphoma - an overview

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction. Primary central nervous system lymphoma is a rare entity mostly presenting with non-GCB diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, being confined to the brain, spinal cord, meninges, and eyes. Diagnosis. The diagnosis is frequently established by stereotactic or open the brain biopsy, but in some cases with isolated leptomeningeal involvement, the only way is to identify atypical/monoclonal lymphocytes in cerebrospinal fluid. By workup, we aim to define the extent of disease in the central nervous system and to exclude systemic involvement. Treatment. Treatment is tailored according to the patient?s age, fitness, vital organ function, comorbidities, and available therapy. The backbone of induction treatment is high-dose methotrexate, usually within polychemotherapy. Consolidation phase is a matter of debate between two approaches: 1. high dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell transplantation, which appears to be the preferable option for young fit patients, and 2. whole brain radiotherapy, preserved for transplant-ineligible ones. Whole brain radiotherapy has been raising concerns because of frequent cognitive impairment, which has been significantly diminished by reducing the irradiation dose. Despite a comprehensive treatment approach, many patients relapse, and since the prognosis of relapsed/refractory disease is devastating, there is a sense of urgency for novel treatment strategies. Several targeted agents and immunomodulatory drugs have been investigated in the settings of both relapsed/refractory and initial therapy, but with limited success. Ibrutinib monotherapy can induce durable remissions in the first line, but in relapse/refractory settings, the results are controversial. Conclusion. Adequate patient selection and new prospective trials should improve survival and preserve the patient?s neurological status.
Allergy: Evaluation of 16 years (2007–2022) results of the shared external quality assessment program in Belgium, Finland, Portugal and The Netherlands

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Objectives This paper evaluates 16 year results of the Allergy EQA program shared by EQA organisers in Belgium, Finland, Portugal, and The Netherlands. Methods The performance of Thermo Fisher and Siemens user groups (in terms of concordance between both groups, between laboratory CV, prevalence of clinically significant errors) and suitability of samples (stability and validity of dilution of patient samples) are evaluated using data of 192 samples in the EQA programs from 2007 to 2022. Measurands covered are total IgE, screens and mixes, specific IgE extracts and allergen components. Results There is perfect (53 %), acceptable (40 %) and poor (6 %) concordance between both method groups. In case of poor concordance the best fit with clinical data is seen for Thermo Fisher (56 %) and Siemens (26 %) respectively. The between laboratory CV evolves from 7.8 to 6.6 % (Thermo Fisher) and 7.3 to 7.7 % (Siemens). The prevalence of blunders by individual laboratories is stable for Siemens (0.4 %) and drops from 0.4 to 0.2 % for Thermo Fisher users. For IgE, the between year CV of the mean of both user groups is 1 %, and a fifteen-fold dilution of a patient sample has an impact of 2 and 4 % on the recovery of Thermo Fisher and Siemens user groups. Conclusions The analytical performance of Thermo Fisher is slightly better than that of Siemens users but the clinical impact of this difference is limited. Stability of the sample and the low impact of dilution on the recovery of measurands demonstrates the suitability for purpose of the EQA program.
Transperitoneal transport of uric acid: impact of p-cresol, sodium hyaluronan, and sodium deoxycholate in vitro.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Our study investigated uric acid transport across isolated parietal peritoneum taken from the anterior abdominal wall of white New Zealand rabbits and placed inside a modified Ussing-type chamber. Values for transfer from the mesothelial to the interstitial side of membrane (M --> I) were calculated using the mathematical model of mass transport and are expressed as a coefficient of diffusive permeability [P (in centimeters per second)]. Four separate series of experiments were done. In the first series, we examined uric acid transfer in control conditions (for 120 minutes). In the second and third series, P was calculated before (15 - 60 minutes) and after introduction of p-cresol (0.005 g/dL) or sodium hyaluronan (0.04 g/dL) on the M side of the membrane. In the fourth series, transfer parameters were measured before (15 - 75 minutes) and after (90 - 150 minutes) application of sodium deoxycholate (0.104 g/dL). The dynamics of transperitoneal transport of uric acid were stable. The values of P +/- standard error of the mean (x0.0001) were 1.936 +/- 0.324 cm/s and 2.078 +/- 0.186 cm/s. Application of p-cresol on the M side of membrane lowered uric acid transport by 10%. Application of sodium hyaluronan produced no change, but application of sodium deoxycholate increased the transfer of uric acid by 155%. These observations may have clinical importance.
A mirror for Brunelleschi

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

THE ISSUE OF THE IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGY On the arts is more than a question for cultural historians and aestheticians. It has direct and particularly vexing implications for all who support the arts, particularly patrons. It poses a central problem for the development of arts policy because technological applications constantly strike at the fundamental idea of artistic creation, at least as that is traditionally conceived. Our basic confusion about the definition and history of technology is perhaps nowhere better examined than in this context. Paul Klee's ?ngelus Novus, as interpreted by Walter Benjamin, perfectly illustrates the ambiguities that we experience in the contem plation of technology. Benjamin writes:
A Gain Scheduling Approach of Delayed Control with Application to Aircraft Wing in Wind Tunnel

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The objective of this work is to study the equilibrium stability of a switched linear model with time-delayed control and additive disturbances, that in subsidiary represents the control of wing vibrations in the presence of the turbulence disturbances in an aerodynamic tunnel. The state system is modeled as a collection of subsystems, each corresponding to different levels of air velocity in the wind tunnel. The problem is closely related to the gain scheduling approach for stable control synthesis and to the design of stable, switched systems with time-delay control. A state-predictive feedback method is employed to compensate for actuator delay, resulting in closed-loop free delay switching systems both in presence and absence of disturbances. The main contribution of this study is a thorough analysis of system stability in the presence of disturbances. Finally, numerical simulation results are provided to support and complement the findings.
Dam break analysis of the Nagmati and Dhap dams using HEC-RAS

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

ABSTRACT This study examines the risks, vulnerability, and potential impacts of dam breaches, focusing on the Dhap and Nagmati dams in Kathmandu, Nepal. These dams are constructed to enhance river flow, but pose a risk of breaching, potentially causing severe damage, loss of life, and inundation of UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Despite these potential consequences, these dams have not been comprehensively investigated and no detailed scientific analysis has been conducted. This study aimed to assess the effect of Nagmati and Dhap dam breaches under the overtopping mode of failure and prepare flood inundation and flood hazard vulnerability maps. The analysis employs the Hydrologic Engineering Center-River Analysis System to simulate unsteady flow corresponding to the probable maximum flood, with flood hazard vulnerability mapping based on general flood hazard vulnerability curves guidelines. The results show peak discharges of 27,835 and 1,064 m³/s and velocities of 27.2 and 7.27 m/s for the Nagmati and Dhap dam breaches, respectively. World Heritage Sites fall under the H6 and H5 hazard zones after the Nagmati breach, with breach height being the most sensitive parameter. The finding highlights the impact of dam breaching and helps in land use planning, emergency response, and flood mitigation to reduce loss of life and property.
On the Reaction of D-Amino Acid Oxidase with β-Chloro-D-alanine<xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn1"><sup>*</sup></xref>

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

D-Amino acid oxidase [EC 1.4. 3. 3] catalyzes the oxidative deamination of β-chloro-D-alanine. The velocity of the enzyme reaction is one fourth that of the reaction with D-alanine, and the value of the Michaelis constant for β-chloro-D-alanine is 3.3 mM. Three intermediate spectral species are observed in aerobic and anaerobic reactions. In the aerobic reaction, the spectral species is characterized by a very broad absorption band at around 550 mμ with absorption peaks at 380 and 445 mμ. In the anaerobic reaction, a spectral species appears in the early stage of the reaction showing a slight decrease in the 455 mμ absorption maximum of the oxidized enzyme, a slight increase in absorbancy in the 400 mμ region, and the appearance of a band at around 550 mμ. The rate of decay of the spectral species observed in the anaerobic reaction is very slow with complete reduction of the enzyme being attained after reaction for more than two hours. The formation of a purple intermediate is not observed in these reactions. However, the typical spectrum of the purple intermediate is produced by the anaerobic reaction in the presence of ammonium ion. It is also found that the affinity of acetate, propionate, and butyrate for the enzyme is strengthened by chlorination of the α- or β-position of these compounds and that the chlorinated derivatives inhibit the enzyme reaction with D-alanine in a competitive manner.
Model Theory of Adeles and Number Theory

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

This paper is a survey on model theory of adeles and applications to model theory, algebra, and number theory. Sections 1-12 concern model theory of adeles and the results are joint works with Angus Macintyre. The topics covered include quantifier elimination in enriched Boolean algebras, quantifier elimination in restricted products and in adeles and adele spaces of algebraic varieties in natural languages, definable subsets of adeles and their measures, solution to a problem of Ax from 1968 on decidability of the rings $\mathbb{Z}/m\mathbb{Z}$ for all $m>1$, definable sets of minimal idempotents (or "primes of the number field" ) in the adeles, stability-theoretic notions of stable embedding and tree property of the second kind, elementary equivalence and isomorphism for adele rings, axioms for rings elementarily equivalent to restricted products and for the adeles, converse to Feferman-Vaught theorems, a language for adeles relevant for Hilbert symbols in number theory, imaginaries in adeles, and the space adele classes. Sections 13-18 are concerned with connections to number theory around zeta integrals and $L$-functions. Inspired by our model theory of adeles, I propose a model-theoretic approach to automorphic forms on $GL_1$ (Tate's thesis) and $GL_2$ (work of Jacquet-Langlands), and formulate several notions, problems and questions. The main idea is to formulate notions of constructible adelic integrals and observe that the integrals of Tate and Jacquet-Langlands are constructible. These constructible integrals are related to the $p$-adic and motivic integrals in model theory.
Mesopic Contrast Sensitivity Functions in Amblyopic Children

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This study both measured and compared the mesopic contrast sensitivity function and the visual acuity in both normal and amblyopic eyes from amblyopic children using an ACV (visual acuity analyzer). Twenty one amblyopic children (mean age, 8.48 years; S.D., 1.68 years), 11 strabismic amblyopes and 10 anisometropic amblyopes, were tested. Based on a display of the standard optotypes, the minimal contrast level, at which the optotypes were correctly read for all sizes of displays from a distance of 1m, was measured. The contrast ranged from 1% to 99% and the spatial frequencies ranged from 0.6 to- 30cpd using a Landolt ring composed of low (0.6- 2.9 c.p.d.), intermediate (3.0 - 12.9 c.p.d.) and high level (13.0- 30.0 c.p.d.) frequencies. As the visual acuity decreased, the mesopic contrast sensitivity function decreased along the contrast sensitivity axis. However, the peak sensitivity was noted at the same spatial frequencies. A comparison between the normal eye and the corresponding amblyopic eye showed that under mesopic conditions, the contrast sensitivity functions decreased more in the intermediate spatial frequencies than in the other spatial frequencies. The mesopic contrast sensitivity function decreased in the amblyopic eyes, which suggests the possibility of its use an adjunct to an evaluation of amblyopia.
Insight into Enzymatic Nitrile Reduction: QM/MM Study of the Catalytic Mechanism of QueF Nitrile Reductase

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The NADPH-dependent QueF nitrile reductases catalyze the unprecedented four-electron reduction of nitrile to amine. QueF nitrile reductases can be found in the tRNA biosynthetic pathway of many bacteria and are potential antimicrobial drug targets. QueF enzymes have also attracted great attention as potential industrial biocatalysts for replacing the nitrile-reducing metal hydride catalysts used commonly in the chemical and pharmaceutical industries. Because of their narrow substrate specificity, engineering of the QueF enzymes to generate variants with altered or broadened substrate specificity is crucial for producing practically useful biocatalysts. A better understanding of the catalytic mechanism of the QueF enzymes would expedite rational inhibitor design and enzyme engineering. In this work, we probed the catalytic mechanism of the Vibrio cholerae QueF nitrile reductase by state of the art QM/MM calculations at the ONIOM(B3LYP/6-311+G(2d,2p):AMBER) level. The QM/MM computational results suggest that the nitrile to amine conversion proceeds through four major stages: (a) formation of a C–S covalent bond between the substrate and the catalytic cysteine residue to form the thioimidate intermediate, (b) hydride transfer from NADPH to the substrate to generate the thiohemiaminal intermediate, (c) cleavage of the C–S covalent bond to generate the imine intermediate, and (d) second hydride transfer from NADPH to the imine intermediate to generate the final amine product. The free energy barrier for the rate-limiting step, i.e. the second hydride transfer, was found to be 20.8 kcal/mol. The calculated barrier height and the catalytic residues identified as essential for nitrile reduction are in accordance with the currently available experimental data. The knowledge about the transition states, intermediates, and protein conformational changes along the reaction path will be valuable for the design of enzyme inhibitors as well as the engineering of QueF nitrile reductases.
How Fake Is Fake Past?

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Subjunctive conditionals in English and other languages are marked by Past morphology that does not seem to receive its usual temporal interpretation. Much recent work has focused on how this "fake" Past is interpreted and how conditionals with this marking are related to those without. Based in part on hitherto undiscussed data, this paper proposes a semantic account of indicative and subjunctive conditionals which gives them an essentially uniform analysis, distinguishing within subjunctive marking a mix of fake and not-so-fake elements.
Visual disease and PCR assessment of stem base diseases in winter wheat

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Stem base disease (eyespot, sharp eyespot and brown foot rot) was assessed visually and by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique on single plants sampled at four‐week intervals in two crops of winter wheat grown in the UK in 1992–3. PCR assays were conducted for Fusarium avenaceum , F. culmorum , both varieties of Microdochium nivale , both eyespot‐causing species of Tapesia and Rhizoctonia cerealis . PCR diagnoses were compared with visual diagnoses at each time point. Eyespot was caused principally by T. acuformis (R‐type) and developed rapidly late in the season. Visual diagnoses of eyespot were largely confirmed by PCR but T. acuformis was detected in many plants lacking eyespot symptoms. R. cerealis was detected at relatively low incidences on both sites, and sharp eyespot visual diagnoses did not correlate with the incidence of any of the pathogens assayed by PCR. Brown foot rot, caused principally by Microdochium nivale var . majus , accumulated earlier in the season than eyespot. Overall, visual diagnoses of stem base disease coincided poorly with PCR data until after growth stage (GS) 30.
The Gullfaks 4D seismic study

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

A time lapse analysis was performed on two 3D seismic datasets (4D seismic) acquired over the northern part of the Gullfaks oilfield in the North Sea. The first survey was acquired in 1985, prior to the production start in 1986, a second survey was acquired in 1995, followed by a third in 1996. The drainage interpretations carried out by means of the repeated seismic datasets are in reasonable agreement with similar interpretations performed the traditional way by reservoir engineers, and have locally resulted in an improved understanding of drainage. The time lapse seismic data are routinely used in well planning projects on Gullfaks. In 1997, two wells were drilled into segments that, based on repeated seismic data, were interpreted to be undrained. Both wells encountered oil-filled reservoirs. Although these wells were not based on time lapse seismic alone, the wells served as a good test of the reservoir management potential associated with the 4D technology. Furthermore, waterfront movements predicted on the basis of time lapse seismic data are confirmed by well observations.
Sir elephant the grump and the kids

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

For two years I worked in a school as a teacher for three and four year old children. During this time I discovered a different world filled with childish, happy and colorful details. When I was faced to the requirement of working on a thesis project I was tempted of combining my experience working with the children at Colegio Menor San Francisco de Quito with the skills I learned while studying animations in USFQ. The short film “Sir Elephant and the Kids” was born after trying to portrait this new and exciting world. In the film an elephant, the main character, is forced to share his space with a group of kids.Sir Elephant has a very inpatient personality and enjoys the sounds of nature and his time alone. Some children interrupt him when they start playing around him. The animal is annoyed by the children’s presence and joyful playing sounds but after some time being angry, the elephant learns to share and tolerate his interaction with them.
This thesis project has a classical animation technique; it maintains naive, sweet, childish designs. The colors and elements allude to a small children school creating a cheerful and playful effect.