jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic Accuracy and Impact of Computed Tomographic Coronary Angiography on Utilization of Invasive Coronary Angiography

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background— Computed tomographic coronary angiography (CTA), given its high negative predictive value, is a potential gatekeeper for invasive coronary angiography (ICA). Before CTA can be further accepted into clinical practice, its impact on healthcare resources needs to be better understood. We sought to determine the clinical impact of CTA on ICA referrals, CTA accuracy, and normalcy rate. Methods and Results— To determine the impact of CTA, consecutive patients (n=7017) undergoing ICA before and after implementing a dedicated cardiac CT program were reviewed and compared with 3 other centers (n=11 508). To determine CTA accuracy, we evaluated consecutive CTA patients who underwent ICA. For normalcy rate, we identified patients with a low pretest probability for obstructive coronary artery disease. With the implementation of a cardiac CT program, the frequency of normal ICA decreased from 31.5% (1114 of 3538 patients) to 26.8% (932 of 3479 patients) ( P <0.001). These findings were significantly different ( P =0.003) from the 3 centers, in which normal ICAs were unchanged (30.0% [1870 of 6224 patients] to 31.0% [1642 of 5284 patients]). CTA had excellent per-patient sensitivity (99% [CI, 95% to 100%]), positive predictive value (92% [CI, 86% to 96%]) and negative predictive value (95% [CI, 72% to 100%]). Because of referral bias, specificity (64% [CI, 44% to 81%]) was low; however, the normalcy rate of CTA was 94% (CI, 90% to 97%). After adjusting for referral bias, the adjusted sensitivity was 90% (CI, 89% to 91%), and the adjusted specificity was 95% (CI, 94% to 96%), with positive and negative predictive values of 92% (CI, 91% to 93%) and 93% (CI, 92% to 94%), respectively. Conclusion— The clinical implementation of CTA appears to positively impact ICA by reducing the frequency of normal ICA. The operating characteristics of CTA support its potential role as a tool useful in ruling out obstructive coronary artery disease.
Embedded passive components for improved power plane decoupling

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, a detailed power integrity study is described that compares the behavior of surface-mount devices and embedded components for power decoupling. Through measurements and simulations, it is found that when the layer count of the board is low, there is no significant difference between both technologies. When the number of layers increases, the short connection for the embedded components is clearly superior to the surface-mount capacitor. The resonance frequencies for the embedded capacitor do not change significantly with the increased layer count. The case with the surface-mount capacitor however, shows a large increase in parasitic inductance due to the long vias through the board.
Perceived organizational support and police performance: The moderating influence of socioemotional needs.

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Police patrol officers were surveyed to investigate how the strength of socioemotional needs affects the relationship between perceived organizational support (POS) and work performance. The association of POS with driving-under-the-influence arrests and speeding citations generally increased with strength of the needs for esteem, affiliation, emotional support, and social approval. Patrol officers with strong socioemotional needs, but not those with weak needs, showed a positive relationship between POS and performance. The findings are consistent with social exchange views that maintain (a) work effort is encouraged by the receipt of socioemotional resources, (b) POS fulfills a variety of socioemotional needs, and (c) the value of POS and the obligation to reciprocate with high performance increase with the strength of socioemotional needs.
Community Reactions to Attempted and Completed Child Suicide1

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

In order to assess community reactions to attempted and completed child suicide, 180 shoppers were asked to read a short newspaper article about a 10‐year‐old who either (a) attempted suicide, (b) completed suicide, (c) completed suicide after having previously attempted, (d) was psychiatrically hospitalized, (e) died of a viral illness, or (f) died of an accident. Subjects then completed a 9‐item Likert scale designed to assess their reactions. A2 × 6 (Gender of Victim × Type of Incident) multivariate analysis of variance indicated a significant effect only for type of incident. Families of psychiatrically hospitalized adolescents received milder reactions than families of suicide attempters, in terms of (a) other's assessment of their psychological health, (b) how long they were expected to be sad and depressed after the incident, and (c) how tense respondents expected to feel while visiting them. Apparently, families of suicide attempters must face many of the same negative community reactions as families whose loved ones actually die by suicide, whereas families who have a loved one psychiatrically hospitalized face less problematic reactions from others in the community.
Signatures of Wigner Localization in Epitaxially Grown Nanowires

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

It was predicted by Wigner in 1934 that the electron gas will undergo a transition to a crystallized state when its density is very low. Whereas significant progress has been made towards the detection of electronic Wigner states, their clear and direct experimental verification still remains a challenge. Here we address signatures of Wigner molecule formation in the transport properties of InSb nanowire quantum dot systems, where a few electrons may form localized states depending on the size of the dot (i.e. the electron density). By a configuration interaction approach combined with an appropriate transport formalism, we are able to predict the transport properties of these systems, in excellent agreement with experimental data. We identify specific signatures of Wigner state formation, such as the strong suppression of the antiferromagnetic coupling, and are able to detect the onset of Wigner localization, both experimentally and theoretically, by studying different dot sizes.
Marine Pseudoalteromonas species are associated with higher organisms and produce biologically active extracellular agents

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

The newly established genus Pseudoalteromonas contains numerous marine species which synthesize biologically active molecules. The production of a range of compounds which are active against a variety of target organisms appears to be a unique characteristic for this genus and may greatly benefit Pseudoalteromonas cells in their competition for nutrients and colonization of surfaces. Species of Pseudoalteromonas are generally found in association with marine eukaryotes and display anti-bacterial, bacteriolytic, agarolytic and algicidal activities. Moreover, several Pseudoalteromonas isolates specifically prevent the settlement of common fouling organisms. While a wide range of inhibitory extracellular agents are produced, compounds promoting the survival of other marine organisms living in the vicinity of Pseudoalteromonas species have also been found.
NICER science and religion encounters - year 3 lesson (creation stories)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Aim: to explore pedagogy concerning how science and religion can relate.

Type of research: video-based research exploring science and RE classroom pedagogy.Four lessons have been video-recorded: one primary science, one primary RE, one secondary science, and one secondary RE. The class teachers were then video-recorded as they watched their lesson back, pausing the video whenever they wish to give concurrent verbal protocols (Taylor and Dionne, 2000). Thirdly, groups of six pupils from each class (volunteers) were video-recorded in a group verbal protocol interview using video prompts taken from their lesson. Finally, all four teachers, with two educational researchers (one specialising in science and the other in RE), were video-recorded in a group interview. All 17 hours of video data will be made available to other researchers, teachers, and teacher educators in the UK Data Archive.

Context: two science lessons on the subject of evolution (one primary, one secondary), and two RE lessons on the subject of creation stories (one primary, one secondary) [sub-project 1 of 3]

Participants: four experienced teachers, each teaching their own class of pupils in two primary schools and two secondary schools in Kent, and two educational researchers

Timing: data collection started in October 2019.

Data management: NVivo 12 pro for Teams & UK Data Archive.
Effects of calcium, sodium and potassium ions on contractility of isolated atria and their responses to noradrenaline

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

. Rabbit left atrial preparations driven electrically at different rates were used for studies on inotropic effects of cations, drugs and coupled pacing. Sino‐atrial node‐atrial preparations were used for investigating the chronotropic effect of noradrenaline. . The contractile tension‐driving rate relationship was moved upwards by an elevation of [Ca ++ ]o, coupled pacing and noradrenaline. In preparations exposed to Na + ‐poor and K + ‐free solutions the contractile strength at low driving rates (6 to 30 c/min) was markedly enhanced, but at high rates (120 to 240 c/min) it was not influenced. The contractile strength was reduced at low [Ca ++ ]o and at high [K + ]o. . The positive inotropic effect of noradrenaline was markedly inhibited by a reduction of [Ca ++ ]o and to some extent by a reduction of [K + ]o. The noradrenaline‐inotropy was not appreciably affected by an elevation of [Ca ++ ]o and a reduction of [Na + ]o. . Cardiac excitability studied in preparations driven at high rates was enhanced by noradrenaline, a reduction of [K + ]o and an elevation of [Ca ++ ]o, but was reduced at low [Ca ++ ]o, low [Na + ]o and high [K + ]o. . The positive chronotropic response to noradrenaline was enhanced at high [Ca ++ ]o, low [Na + ]o and low [K + ]o, but was reduced in solutions deficient in Ca ++ or rich in K + . . Inotropic effects of the ions and of coupled pacing were compared with those of ouabain. It is suggested that characteristic changes in the tension‐rate curve seen in Na + ‐poor, K + ‐free and ouabain‐containing solutions are correlated with an inhibition of active processes in the cardiac cell membrane, which affect ionic movements across it. It seems likely that mechanisms mediating adrenergic responses of the contractile tissue and the S‐A node are associated with [Ca ++ ]o.
The Reasons for Permission to Marry Ahlul Kitāb Women in the View of Sayyid Sabiq

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Marrying women from the people of the Book (ahlul kitāb) is a matter of dispute amongMuslim scholars, some allow it and some forbid it. Sayyid Sabiq is among the scholars who allows Muslim men to marry women of the People of the Book under strict requirements to avoid harm and negative impacts that will occur if the marriage is carried out. This paper discusses the law of Muslim men marrying women of ahlul kitāb (the People of the Book)and analyzes it from the perspective of Sayyid Sabiq. Based on the results of the study conducted, the authors found the fact that SayyidSabiq allowed Muslim men to marry ahlul kitābwomen based on the following considerations: (i) To eliminate barriers between ahlul kitāband Muslims. (ii) As a means to establish social relations and closeness between others so that they can provide space for non-Muslims to learn and know the truth of Islamic teachings. (iii) As a means to invite them to follow Islam
Influence of Delayed Staging Laparotomy After Laparoscopic Removal of Ovarian Masses Later Found Malignant

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In Brief Objective To determine whether delayed laparotomy after attempted laparoscopic excision of an ovarian mass later found to be malignant has an impact on the stage of disease. Methods A questionnaire regarding laparoscopic management of ovarian masses later found to be malignant was mailed to all gynecologic departments in Austria. Of the 70 cases reported, laparotomy was performed after laparoscopy in 48 cases. In 24 of these cases, laparotomy was performed within 17 days of laparoscopy, whereas 24 cases involved a delay of more than 17 days. Twenty-two patients in whom laparotomy was performed immediately after laparoscopy were used as controls. Results In patients with borderline tumors who underwent laparotomy more than 17 days after laparoscopy, the odds ratio (OR) for International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage IIB-IV disease was 5.3 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.40, ∞), compared with patients undergoing immediate laparotomy (multivariate analysis). Patients with invasive ovarian cancer who underwent laparotomy more than 17 days after laparoscopy had an OR of 9.2 (CI 0.92, 481) for stage IIB-IV disease compared with patients undergoing immediate laparotomy (multivariate analysis). In patients with borderline tumors, multivariate analysis showed that the timing of laparotomy is an independent prognostic factor for the stage of disease. In invasive ovarian cancer, none of the factors evaluated by multivariate analysis was found to be an independent prognostic factor for the distribution of disease stage. A delay between laparoscopy and laparotomy may affect adversely the distribution of disease stage. Conclusion The timing of subsequent laparotomy was found to be a factor predictive of the distribution of disease stage. A delay between initial laparoscopy and staging laparotomy in ovarian cancer may affect the distribution of disease stage adversely.
Luminescence chronology of fluvial and marine records from subsurface core in Kaveri delta, Tamil Nadu: Implications to sea level fluctuations

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

South-Eastern coastal plains of India experience some of the major delta formations of the Indian subcontinent majorly affected by fluctuations of the Indian summer monsoon (ISM) and sea level. Past shoreline signatures in the form of palaeo beach ridges in Kaveri delta (Tamil Nadu, India), suggest a wave-dominated delta and thus past sea-level variations affecting directly the sedimentary dynamics of the Kaveri river forcing the river to either aggrade or prograde. Chronostratigraphic and foraminiferal study of the 25 m deep sediment core taken 2.5 km onshore from Tamil Nadu coast, Kaveri delta shows evidence of changing coastline over the last 150 ka. Various units in the core reflect eight major phases of increased sea level (~3.4 ka, ~5.0 ka, 9–6 ka, 60–57 ka, 89–81 ka, ~102 ka,~121 ka and 143–140 ka) partly coinciding with the global climate cycles MIS 1, MIS 3, MIS 5, MIS 6 respectively during the late Quaternary period. During ~121 ka and 9–6 ka, direct signature of marine transgression is observed by the presence of foraminifera in the core location. The study also shows that the sea transgression during ~121 ka was much longer-lasting and higher than during 9–6 ka, even though not revealed in the Quaternary sea level curve given by previous authors. Depositional breaks are observed in the core during periods of lower sea levels as the river responded by incision. Total organic matter of the deposition between 9–6 ka was observed as high as 2.5–6% suggesting oxygen stressed conditions during the period.
The Effects of the Boat’s Hull Design on Speed and Maneuverability

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The lack of speed and maneuverability of boat hulls are one of the possible reasons why thousands of cargo ships are at lost at sea. This investigation’s purpose was to find the best hull for cargo ships, in respect to speed. It was hypothesized that the flat bottom hull would do the best in terms of stability and round hull would do the best in terms of speed. The three most common hulls, round, flat, and V, were tested. Three model boats of the same mass were used during experimentation. First, displacement was tested by putting each model in a small water tank, and measuring how much the boat sunk naturally. The round boat displaced 1603 ml of water, which was the highest compared to any other boat hull. Then, each model was put into a bathtub with the rope connected to the boat that was hanging on a hook with a weight on it. Then, the boat was pulled back to the end of the bathtub and released. The weight brought the boat to the other side of the tub. The ANOVA [F(2,57)=49.82,p<0.001] result indicated that the null hypothesis was rejected. The Tukey test results indicated that there was a significant difference between the round hull and all others. The flat hull did best in terms of speed and maneuverability. The other hulls failed to hold cargo since water got into the models.
WCN24-285 THE ROLE OF VASOPRESSIN-2 RECEPTOR IN DULOXETINE-INDUCED HYPONATREMIA

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) are two distinct types of antidepressants. Hyponatremia can occur with both SSRIs and SNRIs. We previously reported that SSRIs such as sertraline upregulate aquaporin-2 (AQP2) through accelerated AQP2 transcription. However, the mechanism by which serotoninnorepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) such as duloxetine retain water in the kidney remains unknown. This study was conducted to investigate the mechanism through which duloxetine induces antidiuresis in lithium-induced nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (Li-NDI).
Combined actions of 5-fluorouracil and 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-(4-methylcyclohexyl)-1-nitrosourea on human colonic carcinoma cells in vitro.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Two lines of human colonic carcinoma cells have different sensitivities to 5-fluorouracil and 1-(2-chlorethyl)-3-(4-methylcyclohexyl)-1-nitrosourea (methyl-CCNU). The growth of the BE line is 50% inhibited by 330 microM 5-fluorouracil and 15 microM methyl-CCNU, and the HT-29 line is 50% inhibited by 85 and 140 microM, respectively. On cloning, 50% of BE cells are killed by 500 microM 5-fluorouracil and 6 microM methyl-CCNU, and the HT-29 cells are killed by 250 and 120 microM respectively. When the drugs were combined, there were additive effects which occurred in cell growth of both lines and killing of BE cells. Synergism occurred in killing HT-29 cells when a low concentration of 5-fluorouracil was combined with methyl-CCNU. The synergism did not increase with increasing concentrations of 5-fluorouracil. Both drugs caused growth delay of spheroids (HT-29 cells), an effect that was additive when the drugs were combined. Growth inhibition of both lines in monolayer culture by 5-fluorouracil was more sensitive than was cell killing or inhibition of spheroid growth but, with methyl-CCNU, killing of BE cells was more sensitive than was growth inhibition. HT-29 cells showed similar sensitivity to methyl-CCNU in all three systems. The type and sensitivity of drug effect seen in vitro depends on the particular drug used, the cell line tested, and the parameter measured.
Transient manifestation of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction following ablation in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background In patients with atrial fibrillation, ablation decreases left atrial (LA) compliance, which may lead to left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction. We aimed to examine serial changes in LV diastolic function after 2 ablation procedures and their related factors in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF). Hypothesis LV diastolic function is different after 2 ablation procedures. Methods We enrolled 132 patients with PAF (76 males, mean age 67 years; cryoballoon [CB] ablation/radiofrequency [RF] ablation 60/72) who underwent a single ablation procedure. The transthoracic echocardiographic parameters were obtained before, 3 days after, and 6 months after ablation. Results The afterload‐related index of LV diastolic function, Ed/Ea = E/e' / (0.9 × systolic blood pressure), increased significantly at 3 days after ablation, especially after CB ablation ( P <0.05), although no differences were observed in age, sex, LA size, LV size, and E/e' before ablation between CB ablation and RF ablation. Creatine kinase release after ablation was significantly higher in CB ablation than in RF ablation ( P <0.001). The increment of Ed/Ea after CB ablation was positively correlated with LV ejection fraction (LVEF) before ablation ( r =0.416; P <0.05). The elderly (age ≥ 75 years), females, and patients with hypertension were more likely to show impaired LV diastolic function transiently after 3 days of ablation, but the diastolic index was restored to baseline level after 6 months. Conclusions The increased Ed/Ea after CB ablation represented transient manifestation of underlying LV diastolic dysfunction in PAF patients with preserved LVEF with older age, female sex, and a history of hypertension.
Dierential diagnosis of an incarcerated inguinal hernia: extraperitoneal endometrioma of the round ligament

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

General surgeons may encounter endometriosis when extraperitoneal forms of the disease mimic a symptomatic inguinal hernia in premenopausal women. Diagnosis is often dicult, especially in the absence of menstrual symptoms, and is often made during surgical groin exploration. We present a case of extraperitoneal endometrioma simulating a symptomatic inguinal hernia and discuss the pathogenesis and management.
Knockdown of insulin-like growth factor 2 gene disrupts mitochondrial functions in the liver

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Even though insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) has been reported to be overexpressed in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), its role in the progression of NAFLD and the potential mechanism remain largely unclear. Using in vitro models, we found that IGF2 was the key overexpressed gene in steatosis, suggesting a possible association between IGF2 and NAFLD. Interestingly, loss-of-function experiments revealed that inhibition of IGF2 protein impaired mitochondrial biogenesis and respiration. It additionally disrupted the expression changes of mitochondrial fusion and fission-related proteins necessary in maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis. Consistently, IGF2 knockdown reduced the mitochondrial membrane potential and increased the production of reactive oxygen species. Mechanistically, IGF2 regulates mitochondrial functions by modulating the expression of SIRT1 and its downstream gene PGC1α. This research opens a new Frontier on the role of IGF2 in energy metabolism, which potentially participates in the development of NAFLD. As such, IGF2 is a potential therapeutic target against NAFLD.
Alpha-sarcoglycanopathy presenting as myalgia and hyperCKemia in two adults with a long-term follow-up. Case reports.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Two patients with a paucisymptomatic hyperckemia underwent a skeletal muscle biopsy and massive gene panel to investigate mutations associated with inherited muscle disorders. In the SGCA gene, sequence analyses revealed a homozygous c.850C > T/p.Arg284Cys in patient 1 and two heterozygous variants (c.739G > A/p.Val247Met and c.850C > T/p.Arg284Cys) in patient 2. Combination of histology and immunofluorence studies showed minimal changes for muscular proteins including the α-sarcoglycan. These two cases highlight the advantages of next-generation sequencing in the differential diagnosis of mild myopathic conditions before considering the more invasive muscle biopsy in sarcoglycanopathies.