jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Readiness for self-directed learning among basic science and premedical students at a Caribbean medical school

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This article was migrated. The article was not marked as recommended. Introduction: Self-directed learning (SDL) skills are becoming increasingly important in modern medical education. Readiness for SDL among medical students can be measured using the scale of Hendry and Ginns. The present study was conducted at an offshore Caribbean medical school to measure SDL readiness among premedical and basic science students. Methods: The study was conducted during March 2018 using the instrument mentioned previously. The survey was administered online. Gender and semester of study were noted. The total score and four subscale scores were calculated. The normality of the scores was determined and the scores compared among male and female students and among different semesters using appropriate statistical tests (p<0.05) with SPSS version 20.0 statistical software for windows. Results: Fifty-seven of the total 75 students (76%) participated; 31 respondents (52.5%) were male. The mean ± SD total score was 140.95 ± 14.43 (maximum possible score being 175). The mean ± SD critical self-evaluation (CSE), learning self-efficacy (LSE), self-determination (SD) and effective organization for learning (EOL) scores were 20.77 ± 2.43, 75.37 ± 8.61, 17.17 ± 2.09 and 27.63 ± 3.52. The maximum possible scores were 25, 90, 20 and 40. The scores were not significantly different among different subgroups of respondents. Conclusion: The SDL readiness of the students was good. The SDL readiness score should be studied again in the future as the curriculum progresses toward greater degree of SDL. Studies can be conducted to examine the relationship between SDL readiness and academic performance of students.
Survival of weak-field seekers inside a TOP trap

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

In this article, for the first time in the context of TOP trap, the necessary and sufficient conditions for the adiabatic evolution of weak field seeking states have been quantitatively examined. It has been well accepted since decades that adiabaticity has to be obeyed by the atoms for successful magnetic trapping. However, we show, on the contrary, that atoms can also be confined beyond the adiabatic limit. Hence, our findings open new possibilities to relax the restrictions of atom trapping in laboratories.
Molecular Estimation of IL-15 Gene Effect and H. Pylori Prevalence in Celiac Disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Remarkable positive associations across IL-15 values and the histopathological severity of celiac disease (CeD) indicate that interleukin (IL)-15 plays an essential part in the immunopathogenesis of the illness. There has been inconsistent evidence in certain research linking Helicobacter pylori to CeD. The goal of this meta-analysis was to measure the connection between CeD and H. pylori. Furthermore, the investigation examined the influence of H. pylori on the indications and categorization of CeD. This study includes 35 patients with CeD. They were fully informed of the study's goals before providing their signed consent. A group of 35 healthy blood donors made up the control group. Blood was drawn, transferred into gel tubes, and centrifuged. Serum specimens from both participants and controls have been obtained and then kept at -20°C in a deep freezer for subsequent use. It have been investigated the molecular relationship between IL-15 gene and CeD. It have been investigated the prevalence of H. pylori and CeD. The result of age and CeD incidence correlation indicates that there is no significance between age samples parameter and CeD incidence (control= 12.83 ± 0.4211, n=35 patients=12.23 ± 0.3358, n=35, p value=0.2692). Results of correlation between gender and CeD incidence indicates that number of male samples (24) and CeD incidence is more than that of female samples (11). Results of correlation between urban-rural residence and CeD incidence indicate that the average CDAT score for those who live in rural was higher in the urban area (good adherence to a gluten-free diet).
Governing the rural futures: Anxiety machine, anticipatory actions and rural affective politics

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Regional revitalisation ideas are widely regarded as cures for socio-economic problems in rural areas in developed countries. Instead of relying on exogenous resources, the concept seeks to revalorise rural communities through cultural resources and self-responsibility. Such an approach to rural development has gained rapid popularity across East Asian regions over the past decade. Rather than merely focusing on the movement of people and ideas, a growing body of literature on policy mobility directs more attention to the power relations of the movement. However, less attention has been paid to how rural futures are anticipated and acted upon and how policies that have implemented specific futures elsewhere are justified. To address these theoretical gaps, this paper draws on the work of future geographies and develops the idea of the anxiety machine. I suggest that the study of policy mobility must seriously consider how rural futures are imagined and governed, and what rural affective politics emerged from the enactment of particular futures. With reference to a case study of rural revitalisation policy learning in Taiwan and Japan, this paper suggests that an emphasis on the circulation of global anticipatory knowledge advances the understanding of the geographies of rural policy-making.
Production of fibrinolytic Staphylokinase from UV Mutated Staphylococcus aureus VITSDVM7

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Staphylokinase is an extracellular protein produced by strains of Staphylococcus aureus which digest fibrin clots. Hence it is widely used as thrombolytic agent due to its low cost as compared to several other thrombolytic agents. The current work has been attempted to characterize the Staphylococcus aureus SPK-7 producing staphylokinase. The strain was subjected to morphological, biochemical and molecular characterization. 16Sr DNA sequencing of the isolate revealed close affiliation with Staphylococcus genera. BLAST search analysis of the sequence showed maximum identity with Staphylococcus aureus CMV201 and Staphylococcus aureus SV4 (99% similarity). Hence the strain SPK-7 was coined as Staphylococcus aureus VITSDVM7. The preliminary screening was done by casein hydrolysis method followed by plasmolytic activity and showed the maximum zone of inhibition of 15 and 17mm respectively. Random mutagenesis was carried out for the enhanced production of staphylokinase by varying time intervals. The purification of staphylokinase from Staphylococcus aureus VITSDVM7 was carried out by ammonium sulphate precipitation, dialysis and gel filtration chromatography resulted in specific activity of 780 , 1053, 1105, 1152 U/mg respectively. Eventually there was a gradual increase with corresponding purification fold of 1, 1.4, 1.4, and 1.5. The clot busting activity was found with 50 % lysis. Hence the mutated strain produced staphylokinase enzyme which can be considered as a good thrombolytic agent.
Investigating self-supervised front ends for speech spoofing countermeasures

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Self-supervised speech model is a rapid progressing research topic, and many pre-trained models have been released and used in various down stream tasks. For speech anti-spoofing, most countermeasures (CMs) use signal processing algorithms to extract acoustic features for classification. In this study, we use pre-trained self-supervised speech models as the front end of spoofing CMs. We investigated different back end architectures to be combined with the self-supervised front end, the effectiveness of fine-tuning the front end, and the performance of using different pre-trained self-supervised models. Our findings showed that, when a good pre-trained front end was fine-tuned with either a shallow or a deep neural network-based back end on the ASVspoof 2019 logical access (LA) training set, the resulting CM not only achieved a low EER score on the 2019 LA test set but also significantly outperformed the baseline on the ASVspoof 2015, 2021 LA, and 2021 deepfake test sets. A sub-band analysis further demonstrated that the CM mainly used the information in a specific frequency band to discriminate the bona fide and spoofed trials across the test sets.
Developing and centralising a nurse‐led local anaesthetic transperineal biopsy service during COVID

Field: Nursing (Health Sciences)

Abstract Introduction Transperineal (TP) biopsy has recently replaced the transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) approach as the ideal method of biopsy in the United Kingdom with growing trends to adopt. To minimise transmission of COVID‐19 during the first wave of the pandemic, the British Association of Urological Surgeons Section of Oncology issued guidelines reducing general anaesthesia (GA) procedures and initiate COVID‐secure ‘green’ site diagnostics. As a result of these guidelines and reduction in clinical diagnostics trust‐wide, we ceased all TRUS diagnostics and implemented a centralised, nurse‐led LA TP biopsy service. Materials and methods A waiting list was developed for those awaiting prostate cancer diagnostics across the network. A COVID‐secure ‘green’ site was quickly identified with TP biopsies starting soon after. Quality improvement methodology was utilised and a run chart was used to show if changes were sustainable. Results Successful implementation and centralisation of a TP biopsy service occurred with TRUS guided biopsies ceasing across all sites on 12 May 2020. The procedures were carried out by urology advanced nurse practitioners under local anaesthesia with a select few occurring under GA. Centralising the service in a COVID‐secure manner freed up dedicated theatre sessions and personal leading to increased efficiency elsewhere. The service was robust and was maintained upon lifting of COVID restrictions. Conclusions A centralised, nurse led LA TP biopsy service in a procedural unit was implemented successfully. The service has remained resilient upon lifting of restrictions and return to business as usual. This led to improved performance across trust by freeing up valuable resources and staff to undertake more duties. The service remains highly valued trust‐wide.
Purification of riboflavin-binding proteins from bovine plasma and discovery of a pregnancy-specific riboflavin-binding protein.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Riboflavin-binding proteins have been purified from bovine plasma using flavinyl agarose beads. At least three major protein bands, migrating in regions assigned to the beta- and gamma-globulins of plasma, are observed by cellulose acetate electrophoresis. These proteins coelute from a calibrated Sephadex G-100 column in the volume corresponding to a molecular weight of approximately 150,000; a small amount of another riboflavin-binding protein (molecular weight approximately 37,000) is also present. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the proteins, with detection by autoradiography of those having tightly bound [2-14C]riboflavin, reveals one protein band which is present only in preparations from pregnant cows. This protein has been purified to apparent homogeneity by storing the mixture of riboflavin-binding proteins at 8 degrees C for 3 weeks, which precipitates the other, less stable proteins. Hence, bovine plasma, like that of the laying hen, contains a number of riboflavin-binding proteins, one of which correlates with pregnancy.
[Karyotype characteristics of continuous cell lines. II. The variability and balance of the chromosome set of M-HeLa cells].

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

A cytogenetic study of three M-HeLa sublines of common origin but differing in cultivation technique was undertaken with G-, C- and Ag-staining. The sublines differ in their normal and marker chromosome contents. The marker chromosomes were completely identified in all the sublines. This enabled us to employ a new cytogenetic method of karyotype reconstruction. The reconstruction of normal chromosomes from fragments entering into the marker composition allowed to determine the total content of normal chromosomes in each cell. This total content does not vary somewhat substantially within one subline in spite of the intercellular karyotype heterogeneity, and this proves the balance of genomes within a given subline. The reconstructed karyotypes of separate cells made it possible to build a generalized reconstructed karyotype of each subline. In this karyotype obligatory and minimal should be the human diploid chromosome set. Moreover, in each subline the 1st and 5th chromosomes are extracopied. In addition to this stable component, occurring in all the cells, in some cells chromosomes 7 9, 12, 14, 16 and 17 may also be extracopied. The marker formation involved mainly centromeric regions of the 1st, 3rd and 5th chromosomes. With the existing chromosome variability the selection plays the main role in the formation of cell populations cultivated in different ways.
Does Ionized Magnesium Offer a Different Perspective Exploring the Association between Magnesemia and Targeted Cardiovascular Risk Factors?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Evidence of the association of magnesium (Mg) with arterial stiffness has so far been conflicting. The interplay between hypertension and elevated body mass index (BMI), with hypomagnesemia, instead, has been described in the literature in a more consistent way. Our study aims at revisiting the correlations between blood Mg levels and hemodynamic and body composition parameters in the general population, exploring the sensitivity profile of ionized Mg (Ion-Mg) compared to total Mg (Tot-Mg). We collected data from 755 subjects randomly chosen from a Swiss population previously described and stratified our sample into four equivalent classes according to ionized (whole blood) and total (serum) magnesium. After correcting for age, statistically significant differences emerged between: (i) Tot-Mg ≤ 0.70 and 0.81 ≤ Tot-Mg ≤ 0.90 for cf-PWV (p = 0.039); (ii) Tot-Mg ≤ 0.70 and Tot-Mg ≥ 0.91 for o-PWV (p = 0.046). We also found a statistically significant difference among groups of Ion-Mg values for the 24 h extremes of systolic blood pressure (p = 0.048) and among groups of Tot-Mg for BMI (p = 0.050). Females showed significantly lower levels of total magnesium (p = 0.035) and ionized magnesium (p < 0.001) than males. The overall agreement between magnesium analysis methods was 64% (95%CI: 60.8–67.7%). Our results confirm that Ion-Mg compared with Tot-Mg offers a different profile in detecting both correlations with hemodynamic and body composition parameters and dysmagnesemias. Lower levels of magnesium were associated with worse arterial aging parameters, larger 24 h blood pressure excursions, and higher BMI. Ion-Mg was superior in detecting the correlation with blood pressure only. Considering Ion-Mg as a more specific marker of the magnesium status, and the partially contradictory results of our explorative cross-sectional study, to avoid confounding factors and misinterpretations, ionized magnesium should be used as reference in future studies.
Spatial genetic structure, population dynamics, and spatial patterns in the distribution of Ocotea catharinensis from southern Brazil: implications for conservation

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In this study, we employ an integrated demographic–genetic approach with the aim of informing efforts to conserve Ocotea catharinensis Mez., an endangered tree species from the Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest. After establishing two permanent plots (15 and 15.5 ha) within protected areas in Santa Catarina state, Brazil, we evaluated demographic aspects (density, recruitment, mortality, and growth), spatial pattern, genetic diversity, and spatial genetic structure (SGS) in three categories (seedlings, juveniles, and reproductive individuals) over 2 years. Studied populations presented low recruitment of individuals and low rates of increment in diameter and height. Aggregation was the main spatial pattern observed for both populations. High levels of genetic diversity were estimated for both populations, as well as high levels of fixation index, signaling the risk of losing genetic diversity over generations. Significant SGS was found for both populations, reflecting nonrandom distribution of the genotypes. Demographic and genetic surveys also allowed the estimation of minimum viable areas for genetic conservation (>170 ha), deme sizes (around 10 ha), and distances for seed collection (at least 60 m). Effective population size is restricted in studied populations, locally threatening the species perpetuation over generations. Further research can clarify how this condition will change in subsequent years.
165 Improving care of patients with terminal agitation (ta) at end of life at leeds teaching hospitals nhs trust

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

<sec><st>Aim</st> Our multidisciplinary team quality improvement project aimed to ensure that all dying patients who experience TA have an effective individualised plan of care on an acute stroke ward (L21) within a tertiary centre. </sec> <sec><st>Background</st> Leeds Teaching Hospitals was selected to be one of 10 hospitals to be part of the national 'Building on the Best Programme' in conjunction with Hospice UK, Macmillan, NHSE and NHSI. This was to build on what was already being achieved by hospitals to improve the quality of end of life care (EOLC). Often improvement work focuses on the management of pain and we wanted to focus on improving the care of patients with TA, a symptom found in up to 90% of dying patients, but not always focused on. </sec> <sec><st>Methods</st> This work was led by the Palliative Care team in conjunction with the frontline team on L21. A driver diagram was produced to identify key areas of focus (FIG 1). Interventions included ward-based role modelling of expert care of the dying; (this included the recognition, assessment, care planning and evaluation of interventions for patients experiencing TA), ward-based teaching, display and presentation of improvement data and discussion of dying patients in safety huddles. Run charts were created for these initiatives, with baseline data pre-intervention and on-going data collection during the testing, implementation and sustainability phases. All interventions were developed following identification of gaps in care delivery/evaluation. </sec> <sec><st>Results</st> Run charts (FIG 2–4) demonstrated statistically significant improvements in the rate of assessment, reassessment and evaluation of terminal agitation (p<0.05). Routine review and dissemination of data with the frontline teams in these initiatives enhanced collaborative engagement, motivation and success. </sec> <sec><st>Conclusion</st> Through collaborative working and ward-based role modelling we have demonstrated it is possible to improve the overall management of this challenging symptom in terminal care. </sec>
The Reading-Writing Connection in the Comic Book Genre: A Case Study of Three Young Writers.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

A study explored the connection between reading and writing by examining the writing produced by three young readers bf action comic books. The subjects were in grades four and five in a British Columbia (Canada) school and were identified by a survey as being avid comic book readers. During three writing sessions, they were asked to produce stories like the ones they liked to read. The resulting writing was analyzed for the presence of the following list of features deemed characteristic to the comic book genre: mutual dependence of pictures and text; a fast moving plot with high action content; use of onomatopoeia and varied print styles; use of puns and slang phrases; elimination of speaker tags; use of narrative bridging captions; use of irony; and use of foreshadowing. Analysis showed that these features were all present in the subjects' writing with the exception of the mutual dependence of pictures and tlxt (a feature that might have been present if the subjects had completed the pictures) . Findings suggest that the recreational reading of comic books had an effect on these students' writing in the comic book genre. (Contains 57 references, a table of data, and numerous excerpts, written and pictorial, of the students' stories. Letters of permission and consent, the student survey, and student writing samples are attached.) (RS) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. ***************7 *************************A******************* THE READING-WRITING CONNECTION IN THE COMIC BOOK GENRE: A CASE STUDY OF THREE YOUNG WRITERS U S DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Othr e olE ducahonal Research and Improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) CLOCurnenl has been reproduted 55 received horn the person or organtiatton orqinaltng Cl Minor changes have been made to rrnprove reproduction quality Points of time, or opinions stated tn thiSdocu ment do not necessaniv represent official 0) RI position or potiCy By
CERVICAL COLUMN INJURIES AND THEIR MANAGEMENT DURING THE SARS COV 2 PANDEMIC

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aim of the study: The Sars-Cov 2 pandemic has created an unprecedented situation worldwide and in the medical community, affecting trauma services and in-hospital trauma organization. The aim of this study was to monitor post-traumatic cases of the cervical column with intact spinal cord during the pandemic, compared to the period before the pandemic, in terms of diagnosis, therapy and evolution, but also epidemiology and anatomy. Material and methods: The study was conducted by monitoring post-traumatic cases with injuries to the cervical column, during 14 months before the pandemic and 14 months during the pandemic, at the Emergency Clinical Hospital “Prof. Dr. Nicolae Oblu”, Iași. Statistical data from hospitalizations and CT scans, MRI scans and radiographs of 339 patients were retrospectively examined. Results: We noticed a tendency for uniformity in the distribution of fractures in the 7 cervical vertebrae. The most common etiological mechanisms remained falling from the same height and level. CT scans were twice as frequent, and the average number of investigations per patient was higher during the pandemic. Conclusion: The evolution of patients with cervical column trauma was mostly positive despite specific restrictions during the Sars-Cov 2 pandemic, offset by a higher dose of radiation for patients, in some cases unjustified.