jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Bladder Volume Alters Cholinergic Responses of the Isolated Whole Mouse Bladder

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The response to cholinergic stimulation of the isolated bladder has 3 components. The initial tonic peak response increases with bladder distention and it is inhibited by M2 and M3 muscarinic receptor antagonists. The tonic steady state response does not vary with bladder volume and it is inhibited by M2 and M3-receptor antagonists, and by beta3-adrenergic receptor agonists. Phasic fluctuations are minimal at low bladder volume, and with alpha, beta-methylene adenosine triphosphate or an M3-receptor antagonist. Thus, the response to cholinergic stimulation varies with bladder volume. It can be differentially modulated by muscarinic antagonists and also by agents acting through nonmuscarinic receptors.
Modeling the Influence of Environmental Factors on Spawning Migration Mortality for Sockeye Salmon Fisheries Management in the Fraser River, British Columbia

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract The impact of freshwater environmental factors on spawning migration mortality was modeled to provide a predictive tool for fisheries management of four run timing groups of Fraser River sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka : early Stuart (Stuart Lake), early summer, summer, and late. We tested the significance of different measures of water temperature, discharge, fish abundance, and entry timing for forecasting discrepancies between lower‐river and upriver escapement estimates using multiple regressions of principal component scores. Descriptive discrepancy models (i.e., “management adjustment” models) identified using Akaike's information criterion were consistent with the known biology of each group. For example, temperature and discharge thresholds were selected for early Stuart run discrepancy models, reflecting the extremes in both variables experienced by these early migrants. Predictive discrepancy models were also generated for each run timing group by using the limited number of environmental variables that are available in‐season to fisheries managers. Even predictive discrepancy models using simple environmental metrics of average river temperature, flow, and river entry timing provide a valuable tool for forecasting relative indices of spawning migration mortality. This study provides an example of how environmentally based predictive tools can be used to inform fisheries management decisions and improve the probability of achieving spawning escapement targets.
Arthroscopic Allograft Bone Block Procedure with Remplissage for Bipolar Lesions.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Anterior shoulder instability with bone loss is a challenging condition. The two most performed procedures, Bankart repair & Latarjet, are not without issues. We describe a technique where arthroscopic free bone grafting was performed in conjunction with remplissage. We feel that this combined arthroscopic procedure offers advantages that include reduced risk of conventional Latarjet complications, including neurological deficits and metal hardware complications while preserving subscapularis and coracoid. Furthermore, these advantages may not come at the cost of compromised outcomes, particularly recurrence rate, as the remplissage may compensate for the possible lack of "sling effect" with free bone graft reconstruction.
Assessing the 2004 Campaign Websites: The Role of the Internet in Elections and Civil Society

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The Internet is changing the face of political campaigns in the United States; not since the introduction of television have the tools used to communicate with the electorate changed so notably. This study uses the 2004 campaign websites created by the Democratic primary candidates and President George W. Bush to evaluate both the ways in which websites can help voters participate in democratic decision-making, and the ways in which websites may help candidates gain public support. We find that, given a list of 41 criteria deemed important to an informative, participatory and easy to use website, the average candidate's site earned just over half the possible points. Still, initial correlation analyses suggest that better websites may mean more votes on Election Day.
Frequency encoded auditory display of the critical tracking task

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The use of auditory displays for selected cockpit instruments was examined. In auditory, visual, and combined auditory-visual compensatory displays of a vertical axis, critical tracking task were studied. The visual display encoded vertical error as the position of a dot on a 17.78 cm, center marked CRT. The auditory display encoded vertical error as log frequency with a six octave range; the center point at 1 kHz was marked by a 20-dB amplitude notch, one-third octave wide. Asymptotic performance on the critical tracking task was significantly better when using combined displays rather than the visual only mode. At asymptote, the combined display was slightly, but significantly, better than the visual only mode. The maximum controllable bandwidth using the auditory mode was only 60% of the maximum controllable bandwidth using the visual mode. Redundant cueing increased the rate of improvement of tracking performance, and the asymptotic performance level. This enhancement increases with the amount of redundant cueing used. This effect appears most prominent when the bandwidth of the forcing function is substantially less than the upper limit of controllability frequency.
Corporate Taxes in the World Economy: Reforming the Taxation of Cross-border Income

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Proposals for the reform of the taxation of cross-border income are evaluated within the general context of the corporate tax in an open economy.We focus on the various behavioral decisions that can be affected such as the location of income and its repatriation.The two income tax proposals considered are: (1) dividend exemption and (2) burden neutral worldwide taxation in which all foreign subsidiary income is included currently in the U.S. worldwide tax base, and at the same time the corporate tax rate is lowered and overhead allocations to foreign income are eliminated so as to keep the overall U.S. tax burden on foreign income the same.We also consider the attractiveness of destination-based and origin-based consumption taxes.Our evaluation of reform options makes use of the best available information.We also present new information on the burden of the current system.However, there are many important unknown behavioral parameters required to judge international tax systems and this missing information, some of which may ultimately be unknowable, makes it difficult to make definitive recommendations.The burden neutral worldwide option seems to offer greater efficiency gains among the two income tax options, particularly because of reduced incentives for income shifting which wastes resources and distorts effective tax rates on investment.To be sure, the burden neutral worldwide option would increase effective tax rates on investment in low-tax countries while not increasing the average U.S. tax rate on foreign source income.The option requires a substantial reduction in the U.S. corporate tax rate.We suggest that increased capital mobility makes changing the mix of corporate and personal level taxation of business income appropriate even apart from the special issues of cross-border taxation such as repatriation taxes and income shifting opportunities that are the main subject of the paper.
Student Rating of Teaching Behaviour of Chemistry Teachers in Public Secondary Schools in Ekiti State

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The study investigated student-rating of teaching behaviour of Chemistry teachers in public secondary schools in EkitiState. Participants were 750 SS II Chemistry students (Male=375, Female=375) selected from 75 schools across the 16 local government areas of Ekiti State based on purposive and stratified random sampling techniques. Data were collected using a 30-item Teaching Behaviour Questionnaire (TBQ) clustered into seven categories (CAT i =1,2,3,…) ranging from attendance and punctuality in class to evaluation of students’ work. Each item was rated on a five-point scale namely: excellent=5; very good=4; good=3; fair=2 and poor=1, with reliability coefficient=0.713 using Cronbach-α and analysed using means, standard deviations, item-total correlations and t-test tested at 0.05 level of significance. Results showed that the teaching behaviour of Chemistry teachers was good; the rating was statistically reliable and devoid of gender bias. It was recommended that teachers should justify the rating ascribed to their teaching behaviour by improving on their pedagogical skills to enhance better learning and performance of students in Chemistry.
LncRNA DARS-AS1 regulates microRNA-129 to promote malignant progression of thyroid cancer.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

DARS-AS1 level in tumor tissues of thyroid cancer was remarkably increased and was correlated with the pathological stage, distant metastasis, and poor prognosis of thyroid cancer. Moreover, DARS-AS1 could promote the proliferation and migration capabilities of thyroid cancer cells by modulating microRNA-129.
Multimedia-Based Visual Analysis As a Promotional Media At Raharja Internet Cafe (RIC)

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The development of visual communication media is currently widely used as a means of promotion and information technology. By following the development of information technology today, the delivery of information is no longer presented in the conventional form, but now it has been widely applied in electronic form. One of the results of the development of information technology that can be used as a medium for delivering interesting information can be in the form of Graphic Design such as Online Posters and images uploaded on social media. Raharja Internet Cafe or often called RIC is one of the facilities located at Raharja University. Providing all personal needs Raharja in carrying out lecture activities such as Print, Scan, install iPad, also provides accessories for technological devices such as computers and iPads, besides that RIC also serves computer and iPad services. However, RIC still has problems in presenting information relevant to existing developments. Millennials today tend to get and search for information by accessing social media compared to accessing a website. This is one of the important things that must be applied to Raharja Internet Cafe in conducting socialization and marketing. Therefore, the author was given the opportunity to be able to do the Job Training Lecture (KKP) on Raharja Internet Cafe to apply the knowledge gained in the lecture curriculum. Then the author also gained a lot of knowledge about the world of work that had not previously been obtained in the lecture process. Which in the end, each task and the work that has been done by the author while carrying out the Job Training Lecture (KKP), will be summarized in the Job Training Lecture report.
An open compute and data federation as an alternative to monolithic infrastructures for big Earth data analytics

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

ABSTRACTAn adequate compute and storage infrastructure supporting the full exploitation of Copernicus and Earth Observation datasets is currently not available in Europe. This paper presents the cross-disciplinary open-source technologies being leveraged in the C-SCALE project to develop an open federation of compute and data providers as an alternative to monolithic infrastructures for processing and analysing Copernicus and Earth Observation data. Three critical aspects of the federation and the chosen technologies are elaborated upon: (1) federated data discovery, (2) federated access and (3) software distribution. With these technologies the open federation aims to provide homogenous access to resources, thereby enabling its users to generate meaningful results quickly and easily. This will be achieved by abstracting the complexity of infrastructure resource access provisioning and orchestration, including discovery of data across distributed archives, away from the end-users. Which is needed because end-users wish to focus on analysing ready-to-use data products and models rather than spending their time on the setup and maintenance of complex and heterogeneous IT infrastructures. The open federation will support processing and analysing the vast amounts of Copernicus and Earth Observation data that are critical for the implementation of the Destination Earth resp. Digital Twins vision for a high precision digital model of the Earth to model, monitor and simulate natural phenomena and related human activities.
Predictive factors for the benefit of triple‐drug transarterial chemoembolization for patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Compared with single‐drug TACE, our previous phase III study demonstrated that triple‐drug transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) prolonged overall survival (OS) in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The aim of this study was to find which patients can benefit from the triple drugs TACE compared with single‐drug TACE. Methods Patients in the triple‐drug TACE arm received sponge embolization and emulsions composed of 50 mg epirubicin, 50 mg lobaplatin, 6 mg mitomycin C, and lipiodol, while patients in the single‐drug TACE arm received sponge embolization and emulsions composed of 50 mg epirubicin and lipiodol. From July 2007 to November 2009, 244 patients (224 men and 20 women; age ranged from 21 to 75 years) from our phase III study formed the initial cohort. From January 2010 to June 2015, external validation cohort was composed of 449 patients (411 men and 38 women; age ranged from 18 to 75 years) from another institution. The validation cohort after propensity score matching (PSM) (n = 374) was analyzed. Cox proportional hazard model was used to evaluate the interaction term between treatments for each subgroup. This retrospective study was approved by the institutional review board at each center. Results No difference was observed in the baseline characteristic of three cohorts. This exploratory analysis showed that triple‐drug TACE brought a survival benefit in the initial cohort, validation cohort (before PSM), and validation cohort (after PSM) compared with single‐drug TACE. The outcomes of three cohorts all showed that a significantly greater OS triple‐drug chemotherapy benefit versus single‐drug chemotherapy was seen in patients with large tumors (larger than 10 cm) while no survival difference was seen in patients with small tumors (10 cm or smaller). Conclusions Triple‐drug TACE seems to benefit patients with HCC larger than 10 cm in particular compared with single‐drug TACE.
Essays on the Impact of State Policies on Mortgage Finance

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This dissertation consists of two essays that look at the impact of state policies on mortgage markets. Both essays examine how and the degree to which states that provide more borrower-friendly provisions versus more lender-friendly provisions may exhibit different outcomes in the mortgage market. The first essay examines the impact of state bankruptcy homestead exemption and foreclosure laws on both mortgage demand and mortgage supply. The second essay analyzes how state bankruptcy homestead exemption and foreclosure laws affect different types of mortgages that are originated.\nThe first essay examines the impact of state bankruptcy homestead exemption on size of the loan requested, size of the loan originated, and whether the loan application is accepted or rejected. The key source of variation used for identification is differences in the level of bankruptcy homestead exemption provision across state and over time. To estimate the effect of the provision, I compare mortgage activities in adjacent census tracts on opposite sides of state boundaries in the 55 urban areas that cross state borders. There are three key results. First, holding the loan-to-value ratio constant, a more generous homestead exemption encourages borrowers to buy more housing and take out larger mortgages. Second, holding house value constant, a more generous homestead exemption discourages mortgage borrowing and results in more home equity. Third, benefits of the homestead exemption outweigh the costs of it to mortgage lenders.\nThe second essay analyzes the impact of state bankruptcy provisions and foreclosure laws on different types of mortgages that are available to prospective borrowers. The state legislations govern the rights of lenders and borrowers during legal proceedings and therefore impact on lenders' exposure to credit risks. The degree to which lenders would respond to those state legislations by adjusting underwriting standards may differ across mortgage products with different level of risks. Focusing on high-risk segment of the mortgage market, this paper looks for evidence that lenders tend to respond to higher-risk environment by modifying the types of loans that are originated. Three key findings are obtained using a similar border method as in the first essay. First, higher-risk loans are less likely to be originated in a state with judicial foreclosure requirement. Second, conventional prime loans are more likely to be originated in a state with larger homestead exemption. Third, FHA and subprime loans share a very similar clientele and are close substitutes especially for home purchase loans.
Tenant Farming in Punjab: Nature, Pattern and Constraints

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The paper has demonstrated slow growth rate of agricultural output, escalating input cost, declining profit margin, fragmentation of land, and unemployment are the symptoms of the Punjab's economy.In such a situation, it become imperative to study how the tenant farmers survive in farming.To keep in mind the above facts, the present study was undertaken to examine the nature of tenancy system and constraints faced by tenant farmers in the state.The study was based on the primary data, collected from 120 farmers, for all the three agro-climatic zones of Punjab pertaining to the crop year 2017-18.Descriptive tools were used to study the nature of tenancy and mean score was used for constraints analysis.The study highlighted that to make them self employed or fulfill the need of family, tenant farmers took land on leased from cultivator who switched to another sector and migrated in large number outside the country.From the study it was perceived that with the increase of size of holding and majority of tenant farmers adopted land holding to improve the scale of farming and to be economically viable. Highlightsm Expensive farm machinery, ineffective government policies and inadequate timely financial assistance from banks were found as major constraints confronted by the tenant farmers.m The legalization of land leasing, transparency in leased contracts, factors affecting the tenant farming is the main policy implications to encourage the tenant farmers in the state.
An Expedient Lewis‐Acid‐Catalyzed Microwave‐Assisted Domino Approach to Coumarin‐Fused Pyrroles and Related Heterocycles under Neat Conditions

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract A superior Lewis acid‐catalyzed and microwave‐assisted, facile, solvent‐free, one‐pot quick access to a novel class of a set of diversely substituted coumarin, dimedone and naphthoquinone‐fused pyrroles via an annulation reaction between different kinds of carbo‐and heterocyclic enaminones and a group of α‐aroyl/heteroaryl/acetylidene malonates, 3‐aroylidene‐2‐oxindoles is reported. This LUMO‐lowering technique involving a powerful Lewis acid relies on the installation of pyrrole rings good to high chemical yields with a wide scope of diversely substituted substances. Furthermore, a direct C(sp 3 )‐H hydroxylation of 3‐pyrrolocoumarinyl‐2‐oxindoles to therapeutically exciting 3‐hydroxy‐3‐pyrrolocoumarinyl‐2‐oxindoles bearing a tetra‐substituted chiral carbon center in high yields was achieved under metal‐free conditions.
16. Investigation of the Auditory Steady State Response in Schizophrenia, Schizoaffective, Psychotic and Nonpsychotic Bipolar Disorders

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Background: Electroencephalographic (EEG) studies of the auditory steady state response (aSSR) noninvasively probe oscillatory capacity and synchronization in the primary auditory cortex. Abnormalities in the aSSRs have been proposed as translational biomarkers for schizophrenia. However, few studies have examined the aSSRs across diagnostic categories and included the full spectrum of psychotic subgroups (Schizophrenia: SZ, Schizoaffective disorder: SAD, Bipolar disorder with psychosis: BDP, and Bipolar disorder without psychosis: BD-NP). This is a critical step to determine its utility as a potential biomarker and to provide insight into specific neural dysregulations related to psychotic etiology. In this study, auditory steady state stimuli were administered to a large sample of well-characterized participants diagnosed with SZ, SAD, BDP, or BD-NP.
Managing occupational stress of professionals in large construction projects

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Purpose Occupational stress among professionals in construction industry is increasing considerably due to faster economic development projects in many developing countries. Reportedly, construction professionals are the third most affected group after miners and police officers. Hence, the study aims to explore profession-specific occupational stressors, their impact on professional and the prevention strategies in place at an organizational level. The study is further focused to identify specific prevention strategies that can be implemented at the organizational level. Design/methodology/approach A questionnaire-based survey was performed among construction professionals such as project managers, engineers and quantity surveyors involved in large construction projects to identify occupational stress causing factors pertinent to construction professionals, their impact and occupational stress prevention strategies. Stress prevention strategies at primary, secondary and tertiary levels were analyzed to establish the stress prevention framework for large organizations. Findings Eleven occupational stress causing factors were identified to be significant in creating negative impact at work. Further, 13 resultant impacts of negative stress were recognized. Three primary prevention strategies, three secondary prevention strategies and a tertiary prevention approach were identified using a factor analysis to manage these occupational stresses at the organizational level. Originality/value Impact of occupational stress on construction professionals that may cause poor performance of the industry can be controlled by effectively managing and controlling the negative stresses.
Induction of Myxedema by Iodide in Patients Euthyroid after Radioiodine or Surgical Treatment of Diffuse Toxic Goiter

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In all 10 patients with diffuse toxic goiter of Graves disease rendered euthyroid by radioiodine six months to six years earlier, myxedema (as evidenced by typical signs and symptoms, rises in serum TSH and cholesterol concentrations and decrease in serum thyroxine into the hypothyroid range) developed after small, pharmacologic doses of iodide. Of seven similar patients who had been treated surgically, frank hypothyroidism developed in two, one remained entirely unchanged, and the remaining four displayed slight abnormalities in serum thyroxine or TSH concentrations without overt hypothyroidism. The thyroid gland in Graves disease appears to be inherently susceptible to the induction of iodide myxedema, and such susceptibility may be enhanced or its demonstration facilitated by radioiodine treatment.