jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Structure and stellar content analysis of the open cluster M11 with 2MASS photometry

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

An overall analysis of the structure and stellar content of M11 is presented, thanks to the wide-angle 2MASS spatial coverage. We derive photometric and structural parameters and discuss the spatial dependance of the luminosity and mass functions. Photometric parameters basically agree with previous ones mostly based on the optical. We obtained a core radius of 1.23pc and a tidal radius of 29pc. In particular, the cluster is populous enough so that the tidal radius could be obtained by fitting the three-parameter King profile to the radial distribution of stars. We analyzed the spatial distribution of mass functions, finding that the the slope changes from -0.73 in the core to +2.88 in the outer halo. The spatial distribution of mass function slopes derived from 2MASS agrees with that derived from optical CCD data, which further confirms the reliability of 2MASS data for future analyses of this kind at comparable observational limits. We detect mass segregation up to distances from the center of ~20arcmin. We emphasize that the mass function slope in the core is flatter than anywhere else as a consequence of mass segregation. The derived total cluster mass is ~11000 solar masses.
ReadingFaithin a Missionary Archive in the Soutpansberg, South Africa

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

ABSTRACT The notion of faith, the fact that there is such a thing as an experience of faith, is shared by many different people, in many different kinds of religious and spiritual orientations. Faith as an experience and category of and for action has, to a large extent, been avoided as a phenomenon for study in the social sciences. This article is an attempt at exploring how to place faith back into the anthropological view of religious phenomena. It is a study of the work that faith does in the lives of those who hold faith by focusing on the particular geographical and historical location of the Lutheran church in the Soutpansberg, South Africa, which was founded by the Berlin Mission Society in the 1870s. A careful reading of the written missionary sources that are available for the study of mission Christianity allows the teasing out of indications on how Christians experienced faith. The paper argues that where first generation Christian women understood Christianity to mean severing their relationships from non-Christian family and friends, later generations of Christian women saw it as critical to integrate their Christianity into local family relationships and social structures.
Towards a critical understanding of data visualisation in democracy: a deliberative systems approach

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Data and data visualisations – in the forms of graphs, charts and maps – are becoming an increasingly important feature of social, public and political life. Yet within existing scholarship, the democratic significance of data visualisations has thus far received minimal attention. This article offers a first systematic attempt to make sense of and scrutinise the role of data visualisation in democracy. We apply deliberative systems theory in the analysis of three original case studies to elucidate how data visualisation can integrate into the overall anatomy of democracy, and to normatively assess how data visualisation contributes towards key democratic ideals. Conclusively, we highlight how critical perspectives on power, ideology and epistemology problematise any simplistic account of how data visualisation matters for democracy.
The Double Conditioning of Political Participation

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract The emergence of social network sites as a part of everyday life has given rise to a number of debates on the democratic potential afforded by these technologies. This paper addresses political participation facilitated through Facebook from a practice-oriented perspective and presents a case study of the political grassroots organisation, Fight For The Future. Initially, the paper provides a basic theoretical framework that seeks to map the relation between civic practices, materiality, and discursive features. Using this framework, the article analyses Fight For The Future’s use of Facebook to facilitate political participation. The study finds that user participation on the Facebook page is ‘double conditioned’ by the material structure of the social network site on the one hand and by the discourses articulated by the organisation and users on the other. Finally, the paper discusses the findings and raises a number of problems and obstacles facing participatory grassroots organisations, such as Fight For The Future, when using Facebook.
Radio Resource Management Optimization of Flexible Satellite Payloads for DVB-S2 Systems

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The increasing demand for high-rate broadcast and multicast services over satellite networks has pushed for the development of high throughput satellites characterized by a large number of beams (e.g., more than 100). This, together with the variable distribution of data traffic request across beams and over time, has called for the design of a new generation of satellite payloads, able to flexibly allocate bandwidth and power. In this context, this paper studies the problem of radio resource allocation in the forward link of multibeam satellite networks adopting the digital video broadcasting-satellite-second generation standard. We propose a novel objective function with the aim to meet as close as possible the requested traffic across the beams while taking fairness into account. The resulting non-convex optimization problem is solved using a modified version of the simulated annealing algorithm, for which a detailed complexity analysis is presented. Simulation results obtained under realistic conditions confirm the effectiveness of the proposed approach and shed some light on possible payload design implications.
The Application of Internet of Things in Metering the Consumption of Utilities in the Czech Republic

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Purpose: This article proposes and analyses the potential use of IoT solutions for detecting water consumption not only from technical, but also from the business and financial points of view. This topic is important because by solving this problem, companies may save a lot of money and this paper provides financial analysis, which answers question, if the implementation is or is not meaningful.Methodology/Approach: Source data used in this paper come from an extensive survey among fifty experts from the energy supply industry in the Czech Republic during two-round workshops. One of the most attractive application has been appointed “monitoring of utility consumption” – for this article the water metering.Findings: We have reached the conclusion that an isolated implementation of IoT technologies is much more expensive than the current solution that are based on human labour, periodical inspections of meters by people. This is caused mainly by high prices of the sonic/mechanical metering devices supporting IoT functionality.Research Limitation/implication: Workshops and research work were realised in conditions in the Czech Republic. Principles of application opportunities and of its implementation are general, but the final decisions about their importance can be influenced by the specifics and situation in the Czech Republic.Originality/Value of paper: The value of the paper comes from the workshops where were defined important application opportunities for definition of the priority for each of defined application opportunities.
CHANGES IN SOIL FERTILITY UNDER INTENSIVE RICE CROPPING WITH IMPROVED VARIETIES

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

To monitor changes in the capacities of rice soils to supply NPK over a period of intensive cropping, fertilizer trials were conducted for 10 consecutive cropping seasons from 1968 to 1972 at three experiment stations of the Philippine Bureau of Plant Industry. Each trial included three indicator varieties, with IR8 as the common variety, throughout the 10 crops and in all locations. At all locations, the efficiency of nitrogen use was highest in the first crop and declined with successive croppings; for phosphorus, the trend was opposite. Phosphorus responses were greater with K2O application, especially in the dry seasons. We observed a marked response to potassium, especially at Bicol. The efficiency of K use increased sharply over the years, especially in the dry seasons. Split application of K gave no clear-cut advantage over basal application. Some varieties responded better than others to K, but only in soils which responded well to K. Results indicate that in areas where one crop per year is grown, with adequate N supply, responses to P and/or to K may be marginal. Responses may become marked, however, under intensive rice cultivation.
Performance Evaluation of an Optical Sensor for Weed Detection

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The aim of this study was to evaluate an optical sensor system (WeedSeeker) in differentsoil surfaces, weed species and sensitivity levels. The sensor was fitted to a Jacto prototype sprayerand evaluated at 5 km/h under a split plot experimental design according to the following parameters:four different surfaces (red soil, red soil with straw, red soil with large aggregates and white sandsoil); eight combinations of weeds, including Euphorbia heterophilla, Brachiaria plantaginea andHemigraphis colorata, with leaf areas between 1.50 and 39.68 cm2; and four sensitivity levels (1, 2, 3and 4). The results showed that the system did not perform 100% weed detection of leaf areassmaller than 5.32 cm2. The weed detection index was affected by different species under similar leafareas. The best results were obtained with high-density broad leaves.
Sport Tourism in Lahti and Lahti region

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The commissioner of this thesis is Lahti Region Ltd. The objective of this thesis was to study basics of sport tourism, sport tourism marketing and especially active sport tourism in Lahti region. \n\nTravelling and sport tourism is growing business area in Finland, however it was quite difficult to find literature, source material and numeric data concerning sport tourism in Finland. Lahti has strong reputation as a sport city, although it is not well-known sport tourism destination. The aim was to discover sport tourism in Lahti and Lahti region and how to develop the area more attractive sport tourism destination. The main goal was to find out all the sporting facilities, sport related products and services in the region for active sport tourist and also discover the possible existing cooperation between the operators. \n\nActive sport tourism is only marginally researched phenomenon, at least in Lahti and Lahti region, therefore phenomena that does not have an in-depth understanding is usually exam-ined with qualitative methods which was also chosen for the research method for this study. The research approach is deductive based on extensive theory, which is supported by interviews of experts in sport branch. The methodological approach in this research is a case study. For data collection semi-structured interviews were used where the respondent were intentionally selected. This thesis was written between August 2014 and March 2015. \n\nThe key findings of this study exposed that there are good possibilities and facilities for an active sport tourist around the year in Lahti and Lahti region including some sport-related services and products. However, Lahti cannot be considered as an active sport tourism destination, because people come to do leisure activities at the area of Lahti only if they are aware of the sports supply by themselves. Active sport tourists are mainly from the Finnish metropolitan area. For a foreign tourist it is hard to find activities in Lahti due to lack of information even in English.\n\nThe company Lahti Region Ltd manages the marketing of the city of Lahti and Lahti region. The focus of the company is to increase the attractiveness of the region, to bring more residents and tourists to the area and increase the jobs in service sectors. It indicates that the goal of Lahti Region Ltd is to get new residents to Lahti area. To improve the attractiveness of the city of Lahti and Lahti region the general opinion was to commercialize the sports and the sports premises in Lahti and Lahti region by building even stronger image around the sports. Branding could be the key to get Lahti to be better known amongst the active sport tourists all over the world. With a clear vision, hard work, well-organized cooperation and right focused marketing, it is possible to make Lahti and Lahti region a world known destination for active sport tourism.
Reconstitution of the transferrin receptor in lipid vesicles. Effect of cholesterol on the binding of transferrin

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Purified rabbit reticulocyte transferrin receptors were incorporated into phosphatidylcholine vesicles containing varying amounts of cholesterol. The binding of transferrin to the receptor in the reconstituted vesicles had three distinct characteristics: (1) The binding of transferrin exhibited the two components characteristic of transferrin binding to erythroid cells, a saturable, specific component and a nonsaturable, nonspecific component. (2) Transferrin binding exhibited positive cooperativity at low cholesterol/phospholipid (C/P) molar ratios. However, the cooperativity diminished and then disappeared as the C/P molar ratios were increased to the levels found in circulating red blood cells. (3) The amount of specific transferrin binding to the reconstituted vesicles also decreased as the C/P molar ratio was increased. These results indicate that in the reconstituted system the lipid environment plays a significant role in the expression of transferrin receptors.
Bwindi Impenetrable National Park, Uganda: gorilla census 1997

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Bwindi Impenetrable National Park in south-west Uganda supports a population of gorillas that has become the primary gorilla population for tourism following the genocide in Rwanda. Previous estimates made in the early 1990s indicated that the population numbered around 300 individuals. The census reported here was the first in Bwindi to use the method successfully developed in the Virungas, which utilizes a complete sweep across the park within a short period of time by a large number of teams working simultaneously. We estimated the population to be 292 individuals; to the best of our understanding – based on previous estimates – the population, therefore, appears to be stable. Most gorillas were found within the centre of the southern section of the park. It appears that there are some areas of unused habitat and, therefore, room for the population to grow. We found no clear relationship between gorilla distribution and human presence, but some forms of disturbance were more frequent and close to the edge of the park and may contribute to the gorillas' avoidance of these areas. The effects of human disturbance, including tourism, on the gorillas and other wildlife should be investigated in more detail and monitored over time. This is particularly important in multiple-use zones which have been established around the edges of the park for bee-keeping, collection of nontimber forest products, and tourism.
Pathophysiology and diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy: a narrative review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Diabetes is an endocrine disorder which is known by abnormal high blood glucose levels. There are two main categories of diabetes: type I (10%–15%) and type II (85%–90%). Although type II is more common, type I is the most common form in children. Diabetic retinopathy (DR), which remains the foremost cause of losing vision in working-age populations, can be considered as the main complication of diabetes mellitus. So choosing the best method for diagnosing, tracking, and treating the DR is vital to enhance the quality of life and decrease the medical expenses. Each method for diagnosing DR has some advantages and the best way must be selected according to the points that we need to find. For writing this manuscript, we made a list of relevant keywords including diabetes, DR, pathophysiology, ultrawide field imaging, fluorescein angiography, optical coherence tomography, and optical coherence tomography-angiography, and then we started searching for studies in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. This review article covers the pathophysiology of DR and medical imaging techniques to monitor DR. First, we introduce DR and its pathophysiology and then we present the medical imaging techniques to monitor it.
ORIGINAL ARTICLE Open Access Epidemiological Characteristics of Imported Influenza A (H1N1) Cases during the 2009 Pandemic in Korea

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

OBJECTIVES: Quarantine measure for prevention of epidemic disease and further evaluations of their effi-ciency are possible only by elaborating analyses of imported cases. The purpose of this study was to analyze descriptive epidemiological characteristics of pandemic influenza A (H1N1) cases imported to Korea. METHODS: We collected two sets of data. The first set, comprised daily reported cases of H1N1 obtained from local cities in accordance with government policy about mandatory reporting of all H1N1 cases during May 1 to August 19, 2009. The second set, including 372 confirmed imported H1N1 cases, identified from 13 National Quarantine Stations in the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention from May 24 to De-cember 31, 2009. However, given the lack of information on the nature of the imported H1N1 cases from the two data sets during the over lapping period from May 24 to August 19, we express the number of imported cases as a range for this period. RESULTS: We estimated that the number of imported H1N1 cases from May 1 to August 19, 2009, was be-tween 1,098 and 1,291 and the total number of cases was 2,409 to 2,580. We found the number of imported cases was beginning to diminish as of August. A analysis of the second data set showed that the distribution of sex was similar (males 50.7%, females 49.3%) and the age distribution from 20 to 59 was 61.5 % and that of 60 and over was 0.8 % of the 372 cases. We identified 25 countries where people infected with H1N1 traveled
A proposal of sensitive indicators of the rehabilitation nursing care of people in the surgical process, to be included in the ontology of aging

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Given the complex surgical scenario observed today, it is necessary to change the urgent definition of a specific ontology, especially in terms of aging. The interventions of the Specialist Nurse in Rehabilitation Nursing to the person in the surgical process are primordial for the maintenance of the functional capacities, prevention of complications and impediment of incapacities. However, it is necessary to provide individualized and fostered care in a practice of excellence, and the consequent organized reading of records of an aging ontology for decision making on rehabilitation indicators. Method: a systematic review of the literature was carried out using the EBSCO host (MEDLINE with Full Text, CINAHL Plus with Full Text and MedicLatina), using the PI [C] O method, and 11 articles were selected. Results: 41 indicators were identified to be included in the ontology classes of aging: pain control, patient and family education, support and communication, reduction of postoperative complications, gain of functionality, restoration of physical function, mobility, multidisciplinary intervention and the frequency of interventions. Conclusion: it is considered that it was imperative to identify sensitive indicators for rehabilitation nursing care, based on scientific evidence and thus provide an opportunity for nurses to reflect on their daily practices and conduct their actions towards excellence in care, to propose a set of 41 classes internationally on the ontology of aging.
Effect of the hfq gene on 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol production and the PcoI/PcoR quorum-sensing system in Pseudomonas fluorescens 2P24

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Pseudomonas fluorescens 2P24 is an effective biological control agent of a number of soilborne plant diseases caused by pathogenic microorganisms. Among a range of secondary metabolites produced by strain 2P24, the antibiotic 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (2,4-DAPG) is the major determinant of its disease-suppressive capacity. In this study, we performed random mutagenesis using mini-Tn5 in order to screen for the transcriptional regulators of the phlA gene, a biosynthase gene responsible for 2,4-DAPG production. The mutant PMphlA23 with significantly decreased phlA gene expression was identified from approximately 10,000 insertion colonies. The protein sequence of the interrupted gene has 84% identity to Hfq, a key regulator important for stress resistance and virulence in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Genetic inactivation of hfq resulted in decreased expression of phlA and reduced production of 2,4-DAPG. Furthermore, the hfq gene was also required for the expression of pcoI, a synthase gene for the LuxI-type quorum-sensing signaling molecule N-acyl-homoserine lactone. Additionally, the hfq mutation drastically reduced biofilm formation and impaired the colonization ability of strain 2P24 on wheat rhizospheres. Based on these results, we propose that Hfq functions as an important regulatory element in the complex network controlling environmental adaption in P. fluorescens 2P24.
Biosynthesis of lanthionine-constrained agonists of G protein-coupled receptors

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The conformation with which natural agonistic peptides interact with G protein-coupled receptor(s) (GPCR(s)) partly results from intramolecular interactions such as hydrogen bridges or is induced by ligand–receptor interactions. The conformational freedom of a peptide can be constrained by intramolecular cross-links. Conformational constraints enhance the receptor specificity, may lead to biased activity and confer proteolytic resistance to peptidic GPCR agonists. Chemical synthesis allows to introduce a variety of cross-links into a peptide and is suitable for bulk production of relatively simple lead peptides. Lanthionines are thioether bridged alanines of which the two alanines can be introduced at different distances in chosen positions in a peptide. Thioether bridges are much more stable than disulfide bridges. Biosynthesis of lanthionine-constrained peptides exploiting engineered Gram-positive or Gram-negative bacteria that contain lanthionine-introducing enzymes constitutes a convenient method for discovery of lanthionine-stabilized GPCR agonists. The presence of an N-terminal leader peptide enables dehydratases to dehydrate serines and threonines in the peptide of interest after which a cyclase can couple the formed dehydroamino acids to cysteines forming (methyl)lanthionines. The leader peptide also guides the export of the formed lanthionine-containing precursor peptide out of Gram-positive bacteria via a lanthipeptide transporter. An engineered cleavage site in the C-terminus of the leader peptide allows to cleave off the leader peptide yielding the modified peptide of interest. Lanthipeptide GPCR agonists are an emerging class of therapeutics of which a few examples have demonstrated high efficacy in animal models of a variety of diseases. One lanthipeptide GPCR agonist has successfully passed clinical Phase Ia.