jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Spatial and temporal patterns of consumption of animal‐source foods in Tanzania

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Abstract Animal‐source foods (ASF) are an important source of nutrients in many developing countries. However, there is limited information on the demand for ASF and the factors influencing their consumption. This study assessed spatial and temporal patterns of ASF consumption in Tanzania using data from a nationally representative household survey. Price and expenditure elasticities of ASF demand were estimated by applying a censored Quadratic Almost Ideal Demand System (QUAIDS) model. Results showed a 30% increase in weekly household expenditure on ASF from USD 3.02 in 2008 to USD 3.94 in 2014. The likelihood of a household purchasing ASF was 4.5 percentage points higher in urban compared to rural areas. With the exception of dried fish, the expenditure elasticity of ASF demand was positive and statistically significant. Expenditure and own‐price elasticities were largest for chicken and lowest for dried fish. The responsiveness of ASF demand to own‐price changes was higher in rural than urban areas in all cases. The findings imply that public policies that either raise household incomes or lower ASF prices have the potential to increase the consumption of ASF and consequently improve food and nutrition security in Tanzania. [EconLit Citations: C33, D12, Q18].
Psychomotor Speed and Fall Risk in Older Adults with Sarcopenia and Frailty: A Cross-Sectional Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background and Objectives: Information on how psychomotor speed is associated with the risk of falling is scarce, even in older adults. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the relationship between falls and psychomotor speed in older adults with sarcopenia and frailty. Materials and Methods: A total of 204 subjects (aged 83 (77–87) years) participated in this study: 161 women (78.9%) and 43 men (21.1%). The history of falls was assessed by asking whether the subject had experienced a fall in the past 12 months. Psychomotor speed was evaluated by reaction time and frequency of movement. Sarcopenia was diagnosed based on the EWGSOP2 criteria. Frailty was confirmed if the participants met ≥3 criteria according to the Fried frailty criteria. The relationship between falls and psychomotor speed was measured using partial correlations. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to assess if psychomotor speed had an impact on falls. Results: Sarcopenia was confirmed in 93 (45.58%) and frailty in 91 (44.6%) subjects. Both sarcopenia and frailty were present in 62 (30.39%) participants. In the sarcopenia and frailty group, falls were related to simple reaction time (r = 0.444, p = 0.002), hand movement frequency in 10 s (r = −0.352, p = 0.014), and in 60 s (r = −0.312, p = 0.026). In women with sarcopenia and frailty, there were relationships between falls and simple reaction time (r = 0.68, p = 0.002), complex reaction time (r = 0.406, p = 0.004), hand movement frequency in 10 s (r = −0.614, p = 0.001), and in 60 s (r = −0.584, p = 0.001). In regression analysis, it was found that each millisecond increase in reaction time was associated with a 1.5% higher fall risk in the participants with sarcopenia (OR: 1.015 [1, 1.031], p = 0.048). Conclusions: This study demonstrates that slower psychomotor speed, particularly reaction time, is linked to a higher risk of falls in older adults with sarcopenia and frailty, especially in women.
Understanding viscous magnetization of multidomain magnetite

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Viscous magnetization (VM) and viscous remanent magnetization (VRM) have been measured, as a function of temperature, between room temperature and the Curie temperature using a suite of well‐characterized synthetic and natural multidomain (MD) magnetite samples. Particular attention was given to possible diffusion aftereffects such as dislocation creep (stress relaxation) and disaccommodation (vacancy and ionic reordering) and their contribution to viscous behavior in what has been commonly thought of as a purely thermal fluctuation process. Dislocation creep was examined by measuring viscosity before and after annealing. Annealing was found to reduce the non‐log( t ) behavior, where t is time. Non‐log( t ) behavior has been associated with diffusion aftereffects, suggesting that these are a major contributor to viscosity and (de)magnetization processes in MD samples. The positive curvature of the non‐log( t ) acquisition processes indicates that dislocation creep dominates over disaccommodation. This does not imply that VM and VRM are due solely to dislocation creep, but rather that VRM and VM reflect a number of unrelated temperature‐dependent processes, primarily thermal fluctuations and dislocation creep. This is the first time that dislocation creep has been directly identified as contributing to viscosity at temperature. These findings will have particular implications for paleointensity determinations, as on heating a sample, its dislocation structure may relax, giving rise to demagnetizations not associated with thermal fluctuations. This will lead to incorrect intensity estimates. If no heating is performed on a geological specimen, then it is very likely that laboratory timescale stress relaxation processes will have already occurred in situ.
H-BILSTM: A Novel Bidirectional Long Short Term Memory Network Based Intelligent Early Warning Scheme in Mobile Edge Computing (MEC)

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Due to the limitations of edge server resources, an efficient offloading strategy is critical for reducing the service latency and energy consumption of terminal devices. However, the efficiency of the resource allocation relies heavily on an accurate evaluation of the load in the edge servers, which is usually unknown and changes periodically. In this paper, we analyse the performance of the resource allocations based on various load prediction algorithm allocations in a mobile edge computing (MEC) system and propose a neural network-based load alert scheme. First, we propose a deep neural network-based MEC load prediction algorithm inspired by a bidirectional long-term and short-term memory neural network (BILSTM) called H-BILSTM to predict the load utilization of MEC servers in future time slots. Second, we correspondingly propose an early warning mechanism based on the predicted load level that can quickly adjust the computing offloading strategy. The simulation results show that both the computing efficiency and prediction accuracy of H-BILSTM are better than those of several baseline prediction methods. In addition, the proposed warning scheme with the early warning unit effectively reduces the response time by 66.5 $\%$ compared with the baseline.
New York State Housing Policy in Postwar New York City

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In postwar New York State, a powerful partnership among state government, the private sector, and quasi-public authorities resulted in the development of thousands of units of high-density middle-income housing located in New York City and a much smaller amount in other New York State cities. This housing was intended to counterbalance affordable suburban homes that were luring the middle class out of the city. This article describes this initiative and focuses on the contributions made by Nelson A. Rockefeller, governor of New York State between 1959 and 1973. The state made creative use of bond financing and public benefit corporations, raising capital with unsecured moral obligation bonds. New York State’s housing finance mechanisms facilitated a model of housing development that was prescient in its insistence on melding public and private, which is now the dominant strategy for affordable housing development in the United States.
SCINet: Time Series Modeling and Forecasting with Sample Convolution and Interaction

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

One unique property of time series is that the temporal relations are largely preserved after downsampling into two sub-sequences. By taking advantage of this property, we propose a novel neural network architecture that conducts sample convolution and interaction for temporal modeling and forecasting, named SCINet. Specifically, SCINet is a recursive downsample-convolve-interact architecture. In each layer, we use multiple convolutional filters to extract distinct yet valuable temporal features from the downsampled sub-sequences or features. By combining these rich features aggregated from multiple resolutions, SCINet effectively models time series with complex temporal dynamics. Experimental results show that SCINet achieves significant forecasting accuracy improvements over both existing convolutional models and Transformer-based solutions across various real-world time series forecasting datasets. Our codes and data are available at https://github.com/cure-lab/SCINet.
Inhibition of lymphocyte stimulation by shift reagents

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Lanthanide shift reagents have opened a new avenue in the study of membrane biochemistry, but their stabilities and biological reactivities remain questionable. We present evidence that shift reagents are not biologically inert, and that they exhibit the ability to inhibit stimulation of human peripheral lymphocytes at commonly used concentrations. A survey of various mitogens yielded no shift reagent‐resistant modes of stimulation, and a survey of various shift reagents yielded no effective and nontoxic alternatives. Involvement of calcium‐regulating mechanisms was not apparent. The assumption that lanthanide shift reagents used in NMR studies are nondestructive and physiologically innocuous is thus shown to be unwarranted.
Human Skeletal Remains from the Tyson Site (41SY92)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

During the 1993 field season at the Tyson site (41SY92), conducted by the East Texas and Northeast Texas Archaeological societies, two burial features were uncovered. These features contained the skeletal remains of three Caddo subadults, ranging in age from birth to one to two years. Burial 1 yielded the partial skeleton of a child less than two years old, as well as elements of a second, slightly younger, child. Burial 2 produced the remains of a well-preserved infant. This article describes the excavation and osteology protocols, a description of taphonomic conditions, inventory of these burials, demography, size of the subadults, their state of health, and cranial modification.
AFTER YOU'VE GONE

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Performer: Benny Goodman Sextet Writer: Creamer; Layton Digitized at 78 revolutions per minute. Four stylii were used to transfer this record. They are 3.5mil truncated eliptical, 2.3mil truncated conical, 2.8mil truncated conical, 3.3mil truncated conical. These were recorded flat and then also equalized with Turnover: 375.0, Rolloff: -12.0. The preferred versions suggested by an audio engineer at George Blood, L.P. have been copied to have the more friendly filenames. Matrix number: CO 33817 Catalog number: R 2983 Other IDs from the record include: CO 33817
Determinants of market participation and intensity of marketed surplus of smallholder chickpea producers in Este woreda

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Abstract In Ethiopia, chickpea is an important legume crop, particularly in Este district. It is a source of food and provides cash income for majority of smallholder farmers. To commercialize chickpea producers, selecting an appropriate market channel is important for participation. Hence, this study aimed to identifying factors affecting chickpea market participation and volume of marketed surplus of chickpea. Both primary and secondary sources of data were used. Moreover, both qualitative and quantitative data were collected from primary and secondary data sources. Primary data were collected directly from chickpea farmers through semistructured questionnaire. Focus group discussion and field observations were undertaken during primary data collection in the study area. Combination of data analysis methods like descriptive analysis and econometric models were employed. Heckman model result indicated that market participation decision was significantly affected by age, family size, lagged price, and distance to the market and market supply by frequency of extension contacts, quantity produced, transport ownership, and distance to the market. Based on the findings, government and concerned stakeholders need to focus more on enhancing accessibility of infrastructures facilities to promote marketing of chickpea and increase marketed surplus as well as expanding market access and improving yield through strengthening extension service in order to accelerate market chain development.
Validation of the Publication of New Names and New Combinations Previously Effectively Published Outside the IJSB: List No. 18

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Microbiology Society journals contain high-quality research papers and topical review articles. We are a not-for-profit publisher and we support and invest in the microbiology community, to the benefit of everyone. This supports our principal goal to develop, expand and strengthen the networks available to our members so that they can generate new knowledge about microbes and ensure that it is shared with other communities.
Indices for Assessing Copper Nutriture in Animals and Humans

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The importance of copper in animal nutrition was first demonstrated by feeding a diet (milk) low in copper (1). Copper deficiency also developed in human infants fed diets similar to those employed for inducing copper deficiency states in experimental animals (2,3,4). Although the importance of adequate copper content of animal diets has long been recognized, only recently has the importance of adequate dietary copper for humans received renewed interest. Indeed, the recommendation of a "safe and adequate" daily dietary intake of 2–3 mg by the Food and Nutrition Board of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences in 1980 (5) has resulted in increased attention to methods for assessing copper status in both animals and humans.
Management of congenital giant liver cyst with postoperative bile leak: A case report and literature review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Congenital liver cyst is an uncommon disease in infancy and is usually asymptomatic. However, even rarer are congenital giant liver cysts which by virtue of their size are problematic. We discuss a case of a newborn with a giant hepatic cyst who was successfully treated surgically but experienced a postoperative bile leak as a complication. We review the management of this entity and propose an algorithm of care.
Differences between binge eating disorder and nonpurging bulimia nervosa

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To compare the pathway to binge eating and clinical characteristics of binge eating disorder patients (BED) and nonpurging bulimics. Methods The subjects were 45 nonpurging bulimics and 45 BED patients who consecutively sought treatment in an outpatient eating disorders unit. The subjects underwent a clinical interview and replied to the Eating Disorders Inventory and the Hopkins Symptom Checklist. Results In most of the nonpurging bulimics (89%), binge eating is preceded by dieting and weight loss, where- as among BED patients the pathway to binge eating is more variable. Previous episodes of anorexia nervosa are significantly more frequent among nonpurging bulimics than among BED patients. The two groups did not differ in other clinical and psychological characteristics, such as psychiatric symptoms, frequency of binging, and impulsivity traits. However, on many of the variables, the BED group shows a significantly greater variance. Discussion Unlike nonpurging bulimics, BED patients appear to form a more heterogeneous group. © 1999 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 25: 215–218, 1999.
Sean O’Casey as Wordsmith

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In many ways Sean O’Casey’s six volumes of autobiography, collected under the cumulative title Mirror in My House in America and succinctly as Autobiographies in Britain, are far from conventional essays in the memoirs genre. Consistently presented in the third person, with a central figure that modulates from Johnny Casside to Sean Casside (and an occasional O’Casside), they are quasi-narrative in guise for most of the first three or four volumes, but increasingly more expository and discursive thereafter, developing into platforms for literary criticism and general commentary. Since autobiography has historically proven itself to be as varied in style and individual in the handling of language as the novel, it should not be surprising that O’Casey’s techniques prove to be somewhat unusual and highly personal, yet they have met with some odd pockets of resistance. Perhaps the tendency toward greater vernacular style and rather direct approach marks the twentieth-century product of personal relevations, and O’Casey’s may suggest a previous century to some. Or it may merely have been the shock of hearing a dramatist’s personal voice, for although he had published some critical essays prior to the first book of autobiography, O’Casey was best known for the voices of his dramatic personae.
CHROMOSOMES OF GRAPTOPETALUM AND THOMPSONELLA (CRASSULACEAE)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Chromosome numbers are reported for probably all 11 species of Graptopetalum ( x = 30–35) and for both species of Thompsonella ( x = 26). Plants of two species of Graptopetalum have gametic numbers from about 240–275, more than have been reported in any other seed plants. In hybrids the 30–35 chromosomes in the basic genome of Graptopetalum and likewise the 26 in Thompsonella apparently do not pair among themselves, and the genomes seem to be no more potent genetically than those of other species in their subfamily having as few as 12 chromosomes. Species with these gametic numbers are therefore considered to be diploid. On the other hand, in hybrids between a diploid and a plant with a very high chromosome number the phenotype of the latter predominates, and most of its chromosomes pair with each other. Many such hybrids are fertile. These facts suggest that the high polyploids arose by autoploidy rather than by alloploidy. Nevertheless, they may store heterozygosity at some gene loci and release it in various dosages and proportions each generation.
Constructing an Organized and Coherent Text: How Discourse Markers Are Viewed by Iranian Post-Graduate Students?

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this study is to explore how five Iranian post-graduate students view discourse markers (DMs) and if there is any distinction between what is expressed in the interview and their writing samples. A qualitative method is being employed in the study. Purposive sampling is conducted in selecting the students. The findings indicate that all informants are fully aware of applying DMs in their writing but they do not have sufficient knowledge for the proper use and choosing appropriate ones. The findings are very specific and never mentioned in the previous research studies. However, more research needs to be undertaken in order to address the diversity of students with a bigger sample and various methodology.
Performance Improvements for a Vertical Axis Wind Turbine by Means of Gurney Flap

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract A numerical study was carried out to investigate the effects of a Gurney flap (GF) on the aerodynamics performance of the NACA 00 aerofoil and an associated three-blade rotor of a H-type Darrieus wind turbine. The flow fields around a single aerofoil and the vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) rotor are studied using unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations (URANS). The height of GF ranges from 1% to 5% of the aerofoil chord length. The results show that the GF can increase the lift and lift-to-drag ratio of the aerofoil as associated with the generation of additional vortices near the aerofoil trailing edge. As a result, adding a GF can significantly improve the power coefficient of the VAWT at low tip speed ratio (TSR), where it typically gives low power production. The causing mechanism is discussed in detail, pointing to flow separation and dynamic stall delay.
Discospondylitis in an adult horse

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Discospondylitis, of presumed bacterial origin, was diagnosed in an adult thoroughbred racehorse. The clinical signs were vague and associated with abnormal mobility of the neck and forelimbs. Clinical pathology showed only a non‐specific inflammatory response. A scintigraphic examination revealed the site of the lesion and the diagnosis was confirmed by the identification of radiographic changes affecting two thoracic vertebrae. A prolonged course of antimicrobial agents produced a complete recovery and the horse returned to full athletic use.
Paleogeographic scenario of the Late Cretaceous - Cenozoic for the central part of the Baikal region

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The publication presents a review of alterations of stagnant elements of the Baikal region that occurred during formation and development of the Baikal rift from the Late Cretaceous. Nowadays the natural complex contains the elements varying in age and genesis as they developed during three large stages. In the course of the regional evolution, peneplains altered into uplifted platoes, alpinetype and goltsy mountain ranges; humid quasitropics and subtropics developed into arid zones with the Mediterraneantype climate and moderate and nival zones which were subjected to recurrent mountainandvalley glaciations. Water basins became ultradeep and hosted water species populations which are unique in terms of the biodiversity and endemic features. The main stages of environmental alterations were separated by phases of tectonic movement and tectonic inversions. The alterations’ review is based on consecutive series of cartographic representations of the paleogeographic scenarios.
LHD lhdcxs9c-sif #137606.1

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Charge eXchange Spectroscopy (CXS) system, which consists of diagnostic beam, object lens, optical fiber bundle array, spectrometer, CCD detector and controllers, to measure radial profiles of ion temperature, poloidal/toroidal plasma rotation velocities, and impurity density (carbon or helium) using charge exchange collisions between neutral beam and impurities.