jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Taxonomic implications from phylogenetic relationships of subspecies ofSchizopygopsis malacanthus(Pisces: Cyprinidae) based on sequence analysis of cytochromeband mitochondrial DNA control region

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Phylogenetic relationships of three subspecies of Schizopygopsis malacanthus, S. m. malacanthus, S. m. chengi, and S. m. baoxingensis, were investigated based on the mitochondrial DNA control region and the cytochrome b gene. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the three subspecies did not cluster as one monophyletic group; S. m. malacanthus clustered into one clade, while S. m. chengi and S. m. baoxingensis clustered into another. Genetic distances between S. m. malacanthus and the other two subspecies were either very close to or larger than those between S. m. malacanthus and some other species of Schizopygopsis. There was very small genetic distance between S. m. chengi and S. m. baoxingensis. The results suggested S. m. chengi should be split from S. malacanthus into a separate species, Schizopygopsis chengi (Fang); S. m. baoxingensis should be regarded as a subspecies, S. c. baoxingensis (Fu, Ding et Ye), of Schizopygopsis chengi.
Clinical course of a Japanese girl with Leber congenital amaurosis associated with a novel nonsense pathogenic variant in NMNAT1: a case report and mini review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA), although rare, is one of the most severe forms of early-onset inherited retinal dystrophy (IRD). Here, we review the molecular genetics and phenotypic characteristics of patients with NMNAT1-associated IRD. The longitudinal clinical and molecular findings of a Japanese girl diagnosed with LCA associated with pathogenic variants in NMNAT1 c.648delG, (p.Trp216Ter*) and c.709C>T (p.Arg237Cys) have been described to highlight the salient clinical features of NMNAT1-associated IRD.
Status Signalling by Parus major: An Experiment in Deception

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract The ‘social control’ and ‘incongruence’ hypotheses, first put forward by ROHWER (1977) to explain how attempted ‘deceit’ status signalling is kept in check among winter‐flocking birds, were tested under semi‐natural conditions for Parus major. This species signals its social status by the width of its breast stripe. The lowest‐ranked male in experimental flocks, each made up of four individuals, was manipulated in one of three ways: 1) the status signal was altered by painting the breast stripe to make it broader; 2) agonistic behaviour was altered by injecting testosterone; 3) both status signal and behaviour were manipulated. A study of the outcome of subsequent agonistic encounters by these birds revealed that the status of the manipulated individuals only rose when both their behaviour and status signal were altered. This indicates that the ‘social control’ hypothesis must be rejected, but not the ‘incongruence’ hypothesis.
Workplace Injuries Caused by Commercial Fishing Winches—Alaska, 2000–2020

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Practical solutions are needed for avoiding entanglement and struck-by hazards when operating fishing winches. Anchor winches warrant focused attention, having accounted for more than half of all winch injuries identified in this study. Engineering solutions, including emergency stop devices or other simple mechanical interventions depending on winch type, could help to avert potentially disabling injuries from winches. Administrative controls such as task-specific training for winches should be emphasized, especially for younger or less experienced commercial fishing crew, who may be at increased risk for injury.
Relativistic calculations of transition probabilities

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

On the basis of S-matrix theory, expressions for the calculation of probabilities of electric and magnetic multipole transitions (W) are obtained. For the example of a two-electron atomic system, an investigation is made of the formulae obtained. Relativistic corrections are compared with corrections which are conditioned by the electrostatic interactions of the electrons. Numerical results for W are presented for the transition 1s2p3P-1s2 1S for ions with nuclear charge Z=2-10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 100.
Sherlock and the British Actor Boom: 'Regifting' Female Fandom in Japan

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Media industry efforts to monetize fandom have thrust issues of economy and labor to the forefront of present-day fan studies, centering on case studies that interrogate media producers' strategies for both cultivating and capitalizing on fans of individual media franchises. Yet, such strategies (and the research they engender) are not always easily translated to a transnational context, in which television, in particular, is subjected to local vagaries of media distribution that can result in decentralized patterns of consumption. Japanese distribution of BBC's Sherlock (2010 -) is one such example: debuting on national broadcaster NHK's subscription-based BS Premium in 2011, then rebroadcast on premium channel AXN Mystery in 2012, Sherlock was a sleeper hit that flew under the radar of marketers and, notably, a publishing industry that has been among the greatest beneficiaries of foreign television fandom in Japan. Not until December 2012, when 500 predominantly female fans of Benedict Cumberbatch's Sherlock Holmes turned out at Narita International Airport to greet him on his first Japan junket to promote Star Trek Into Darkness, did women's magazine editors recognize the existence of a small but passionate Sherlock fandom in their midst. In this paper, I discuss how the visual and verbal rhetoric of the Sherlock-centered blitz that ensued in such publications as Elle Japon, Vogue, and Screen produced an ongoing British actor 'boom' that is emblematic of what Suzanne Scott has termed a 'regifting economy', in which the terms of smaller, and frequently female participatory fandoms are parlayed to more centralized consumption.
Research and Application of Display and Control System Based on Embedded Linux

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

As terminal of through-the wall radar, the main function of display&control system is accomplishing information transfer between the user and the radar: Configure the radar system according to the user, and return detected result in a laconic and effective way finally. Based on all above, the article introduced a new way to construct display&control system, and then relevant software structure diagram had been given followed. Further more, worked with Qt in Linux, the article discussed some key technology which could accomplish function of the display&control system based on s3c2440 platform. Now these technologies have been used by through-the wall radar and get a better result.
VDAC1 and SERCA3 Mediate Progesterone-Triggered Ca2+ Signaling in Breast Cancer Cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Progesterone is a biphasic hormone whose confounding role in breast cancer cells involves an initial proliferative surge, followed by sustained growth arrest. Recently we reported that progesterone induces a time- and concentration-dependent release of reactive oxygen species and thus regulates the antiproliferative activity in the breast cancer cell line. Furthermore, the expression of p27, a crucial cell cycle control protein, was regulated by binding of progesterone on progesterone receptor B, thus leading to antiproliferative signaling via multiple signaling pathways including p53, PTEN, and antioxidant systems. Here, we performed an LC-MS/MS analysis of three different breast cancer cell lines. Bioinformatics data analysis and functional classification of proteins revealed a role of progesterone in calcium signaling in MCF-7 cells, and the major differentially expressed calcium regulators were S100A11, S100A10, calreticulin, VDAC1, SERCA3, and SERCA1. Later on we confirmed it by a cell-line-based system having a calcium cameleon sensor targeted at endoplasmic reticulum and found moderate calcium efflux from endoplasmic reticulum upon progesterone treatment. Real-time PCR, Western blot, and TMRM staining confirmed the role of calcium signaling regulators VDAC1 and SERCA3 in progesterone response. Taking together all of these results with our previous studies, we suggest that progesterone, by regulating important proteins involved in calcium signaling and transport, can modulate cell proliferation and cell death. Furthermore, our research may open new avenues for the hypothesis that surgery conducted during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle might facilitate improved patient survival.
A narrative review of musculoskeletal problems of the lower extremity and back associated with the interface between occupational tasks, feet, footwear and flooring

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract At least 50% of workers are exposed to the risk of musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) due to spending prolonged hours standing at work. There is a lack of information regarding issues with the feet, solutions to the problem, and links between MSD, feet, footwear and flooring. The present article provides a narrative review of the research in this area, based on 31 papers. Workers who stand for large proportions of the working day had a level of MSD considerably greater than a normal population. Muscle co‐activation, blood pooling, muscle fatigue and individual characteristics are all associated with MSD. Altering flooring provided mixed results, while footwear appeared to have the potential to affect MSD, although the dearth of literature limited the conclusions that could be drawn. Despite their inextricable link, literature regarding the relationship between occupational tasks, MSD, footwear and flooring remains limited and future studies will benefit from rigorously designed protocols.
Higher α‐olefins carbonylation in aqueous media by Pd(II) catalysts modified with substituted diphosphine ligands: Aqueous polyketone latices with high solid contents and molecular weights

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Water‐soluble palladium complexes ci s‐[Pd(L)(OAc) 2 ] ( 1–8 ) (L represents a diphosphine ligands of the general formula CH 2 (CH 2 PR 2 ) 2 , where for a : R  (CH 2 ) 6 OH; b–g : R  (CH 2 ) n P(O)(OEt) 2 , n = 2–6 and n = 8; h : R  (CH 2 ) 3 NH 2 ) have been employed, after activation with a large excess of HBF 4 , for emulsion polymerization of alkenes (propene, butene, and their equimolar mixtures) with carbon monoxide. Aliphatic polyketone lattices with a high solid content (21%), high molecular weight (6.3 × 10 4 g mol −1 ), and narrow polydispersities ( M w / M n ≈ 2) were isolated. The catalytic activity of the dicationic palladium (II) based catalysts, C1–C8 is highly dependent on the length of the alkyl chain of the ligand. Catalyst 3 proved to be highly active for propene/CO copolymers, whereas 6 is active for butene/CO and propene/CO‐butene/CO systems. The presence of methyl β‐cyclodextrin, as a phase‐transfer agent, and undecenoic acid, as an emulsifier, increase the molar mass and the stability of the polyketones and finally the activity of the catalyst. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 6715–6725, 2009
Implementation of a Hydrotherapy Protocol to Improve Postpartum Pain Management

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Introduction A growing number of women are seeking alternatives to traditional pharmacologic pain management during birth. While there has been an extensive array of nonpharmacologic options developed for labor, there are limited offerings in the postpartum period. The purpose of this quality improvement project was to implement a hydrotherapy protocol in the early postpartum period to improve pain management for women choosing a nonmedicated birth. Process The postpartum hydrotherapy protocol was initiated in a certified nurse‐midwife (CNM) practice in an urban academic medical center. All women who met criteria were offered a 30‐minute warm water immersion bath at one hour postpartum. Pain scores were assessed prior to the bath, at 15 minutes after onset, and again at the conclusion (30 minutes). Women who completed the bath were also asked to complete a brief survey on their experience with postpartum hydrotherapy. Outcomes In women who used the bath (N = 45), there was a significant reduction in pain scores ( P < .001) between the onset of the bath and scores at both 15 minutes and 30 minutes. There was no significant difference between pain scores at 15 minutes and 30 minutes ( P = .97). Of those women who completed a survey (n = 43), 97.7% reported both that the bath reduced their pain and improved their birth experience. One hundred percent reported they would use it again in another birth. Discussion This project demonstrated successful implementation of a hydrotherapy protocol as an alternative or adjunct to medication for early postpartum pain management that significantly reduced pain and improved the birth experience for those who used it. It offers a nonpharmacologic alternative where there have traditionally been limited options.
Better Access or better barriers? an evaluation of the Better Access initiative

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The Better Access to Psychiatrists, Psychologists and General Practitioners through the Medicare Benefits Schedule (BAI) initiative is the most expensive of all the programs outlined in the National Action Plan on Mental Health 2006-2011. Over the five-year period, the Federal Government committed $753.8 million to this scheme alone. Its intention: to increase access to mental health services for all Australians. Since then, costs have ballooned. The initiative is expected to cost nearly three times the initial commitment. It is important, therefore, that an evaluation is undertaken to ensure it is working effectively and efficiently. This evaluation has been the primary aim of this study. Three issues were of particular concern: firstly, whether the 2009 changes regarding eligibility requirements to access the scheme negatively affected uptake; secondly, whether the central role of General Practitioners in the scheme amounts to ‘best practice’; and thirdly, whether there was any evidence that the program had been successful in targeting vulnerable groups, with a previously low engagement with mental health services. Contrary to predictions, changes to eligibility requirements in 2009 have not negatively impacted on the accessibility of services. Results of data from Medicare Australia and the Commonwealth Department of Health and Ageing indicate that there has been an overwhelming overall uptake rate of services under the initiative. Nonetheless, there are several areas of concern. While GPs are invaluable to mental health, their central role as ‘gatekeepers’ to services may be inhibiting the efficiency of the initiative. Consistently lower access among key groups, including adolescent males; indicate a general failure to assist particularly vulnerable groups. These findings indicate that further research is required to ensure that the BAI initiative can continue to provide access to affordable mental health care beyond the 2011 end of funding commitments.
Nurses’ Competency in Caring for Muslim Patients

Field: Nursing (Health Sciences)

Problem or Purpose: This study aimed to assess the extent of cultural awareness of nurses on Muslim beliefs and practices and the degree of their cultural sensitivity towards caring for people having a different culture. Methodology: A quantitative descriptive-survey design was employed among the nurses employed in two urban hospitals in Region I, Philippines using convenience sampling. The Cultural Awareness and Sensitivity instrument and the self-constructed questionnaire on awareness on Islamic beliefs and practices were employed. Results/Findings: The nurses have moderate awareness and moderate sensitivity on the health beliefs and practices of Muslim patients. Specifically, they have moderate awareness on the subscales of dietary practices, family roles and organization and communication, and death rituals. In pregnancy and childbearing practices and religious practices they have poor awareness. Conclusions/Implications to nursing practice: Nurses should be encouraged to reflect on their clinical practice and to understand the impact of religious and cultural differences in their encounters with Muslim patients. In order to develop competency in caring for Muslim patients, nurses should first acquire knowledge about the Islamic beliefs and practices. Index terms: Muslim, nurses, Philippines, nursing competency
Gastric perforation due to foreign body ingestion mimicking acute cholecystitis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

An 82-year-old man presented with signs and symptoms that were suggestive of acute cholecystitis. He underwent a laparoscopic cholecystectomy. During the intervention, a wooden foreign body was removed from the infiltrated omentum, probably after it had perforated the gastric antrum. The gastric perforation had led to a secondary infection of the gallbladder. The presumed gastric perforation was treated conservatively, and the patient recovered well and was discharged after 7 days. Secondary inflamed gallbladders are rare; the current case is, to the best of our knowledge, the first case reporting a secondary infection of the gallbladder due to a gastric perforation. Clinicians should be aware of possible ingestion of foreign bodies in elderly patients wearing dental prosthetic devices.
60GHz low noise amplifier

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Due to the importance of low noise amplifier in the receiver, it is been placed at the first stage of the receiver front-end. After the signal has passes through the atmosphere, it has been weaken through the air. Hence, a Low noise amplifier is placed to amplify the signal. Moreover, to provide high voltage input into the following stage known as the mixer, not only it has to provide sufficient gain and subdue the effect of noise with the following stages, it has to minimize as little noise added into the mixer. Thus, this shows the importance of a low noise amplifier. As the 60GHz is assigned worldwide for unlicensed wireless communication systems to provide short-range Wi-Fi wireless networking which speeds up to 7Gbps compared to current speed of 1Gbps using the 2.4GHz network. In this project, a Low Noise Amplifier ( LNA ) was designed and simulated using Cadence ADE L software in 65nm process as different topology is been explained and explored. Finally a topology had been employed called the 2-stage cascade topology whereby the common-source and common-drain transistors are joined together to form the first and second stage. The purpose is to explore the consumption of power, performance of noise, amount of gain, sensitivity and stability of the system and last but not least the linearity of the system. In addition, the Low Noise Amplifier achieves a gain of 9.299dB, Noise Figure of 3.924dB while drawing 3.37mA from a 1.2V supply. Therefore a moderate gain and low Noise Figure was attained with low power consumption.
The Accuracy of Mammogram and Ultrasound in Assessment of Tumour Size and Lymph Node Involvement in Invasive Breast Cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives: The purpose of our study is to assess the accuracy of mammogram and ultrasound in pre-operative prediction of the tumour size and lymph node involvement in patients with invasive breast carcinoma. Methods: A retrospective study includes 200 female patients, aged 35 – 75 years diagnosed with invasive breast carcinoma at King Hussein Medical Center from October 2014 to August 2018. All patients underwent either modified radical mastectomy or breast conserving surgery with axillary dissection. Results of pre-operative mammogram and ultrasound were collected and compared with the final histopathologic findings. Results: 84/200 patients (42%) had the same tumour size in both mammographic and histopathologic results. The mammographic tumour size was underestimated in 76 patients (38%), and overestimated in 40 patients (20%). The mean value of underestimation and overestimation of tumour size were 6.96 ± 4.70 mm and 5.30 ± 4.04 mm respectively. The difference and correlation of the mean size between mammography and histopathology were statistically significant (t=-3.83, p=0.000; r=0.93, p<0.05). Moreover mammography accurately determined the tumour size (versus pathological size) within 5 and 10mm, in 77 and 90% of cases, respectively. Sensitivity and specificity of axillary ultrasound to detect the lymph node metastasis were 87 and 67% respectively. Conclusion: The mammography does not seem to be very accurate in detecting the tumour size. The axillary ultrasound is quite sensitive and moderately specific in the diagnosis of axillary lymph node metastasis.
PRIMARY RESISTANCE OF MYCOBACTERIUMTUBERCULOSIS TO ISONIAZID, STREPTOMYCIN,RIFAMPIN, AND ETHAMBUTOL INPULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background-Paucity of information about primary drug resistance in this region and the necessity of obtaining information due to worldwide emergence of multidrug resistance tuberculosis (MDR-TB) prompted this study. Methods-A total of 165 specimens from cases with pulmonary tuberculosis were selected in 3 consecutive years by the non-probable convenience method. This sample included about 1/3 of all sputum/washing-positive pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) cases . Direct microscopy we used according to the “International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease” (IUATLD) guideline; for culture, isolation and sensitivity test we applied the WHO guideline in order to compare our results with those of national and international studies on primary drug resistance. Relapse cases or patients with previous history of antiTB treatment and mycobacteria other than Mycobacterium tuberculosis (including Mycobacterium bovis) were excluded from the study by careful enquiry of records and laboratory data. Results-Seventeen cases were excluded from the study and the remaining 148 had the clinical and laboratory criteria of primary drug resistance. Mean age of the patients was 44.01±18.23 and 56% were males. All patients had clinicoradiological findings of pulmonary tuberculosis. Single primary drug resistance to isoniazid (INH) and streptomycin (SM) were 4.05 % and 8.78 % and total primary resistance were 7.43% and 12.83 % respectively. Combined resistance to INH+SM was seen in 3.38% of cases, and no resistance was detected to rifampin (RMP) and ethambutol (ETB) amongst new patients affected by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Resistance to RMP and ETB was noticed only in patients with a previous history of anti-TB therapy (secondary resistance) or in patients with nontuberculous mycobacteria. Conclusion-In this study which was conducted on patients with pulmonary TB, the highest primary resistance was towards SM and INH alone or to both of these drugs. There was no primary resistance to RMP or ETB, and hence the possibility of MDR-TB is negligible in our region.