jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Surface analysis: x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Auger electron spectroscopy, and secondary ion mass spectrometry

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSurface analysis: x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Auger electron spectroscopy, and secondary ion mass spectrometryNoel H. Turner and Richard J. ColtonCite this: Anal. Chem. 1982, 54, 5, 293–322Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00242a027https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00242a027research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views646Altmetric-Citations37LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
PHANGS-JWST First Results: Stellar Feedback-Driven Excitation and Dissociation of Molecular Gas in the Starburst Ring of NGC 1365?

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We compare embedded young massive star clusters (YMCs) to (sub-)millimeter line observations tracing the excitation and dissociation of molecular gas in the starburst ring of NGC 1365. This galaxy hosts one of the strongest nuclear starbursts and richest populations of YMCs within 20 Mpc. Here we combine near-/mid-IR PHANGS-JWST imaging with new ALMA multi-J CO (1-0, 2-1 and 4-3) and [CI](1-0) mapping, which we use to trace CO excitation via R42 = I_CO(4-3)/I_CO(2-1) and R21 = I_CO(2-1)/I_CO(1-0) and dissociation via RCICO = I_[CI](1-0)/I_CO(2-1) at 330 pc resolution. We find that the gas flowing into the starburst ring from northeast to southwest appears strongly affected by stellar feedback, showing decreased excitation (lower R42) and increased signatures of dissociation (higher RCICO) in the downstream regions. There, radiative transfer modeling suggests that the molecular gas density decreases and temperature and [CI/CO] abundance ratio increase. We compare R42 and RCICO with local conditions across the regions and find that both correlate with near-IR 2 um emission tracing the YMCs and with both PAH (11.3 um) and dust continuum (21 um) emission. In general, RCICO exhibits ~ 0.1 dex tighter correlations than R42, suggesting CI to be a more sensitive tracer of changing physical conditions in the NGC 1365 starburst than CO (4-3). Our results are consistent with a scenario where gas flows into the two arm regions along the bar, becomes condensed/shocked, forms YMCs, and then these YMCs heat and dissociate the gas.
Body Mass Index and Breast Cancer Survival: A Mendelian Randomisation Analysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

$\textbf{Background:}$ There is increasing evidence that elevated body mass index (BMI) is associated with reduced survival for women with breast cancer. However, the underlying reasons remain unclear. We conducted a Mendelian randomisation analysis to investigate a possible causal role of BMI in survival from breast cancer. $\textbf{Methods:}$ We used individual-level data from six large breast cancer case-cohorts including a total of 36,210 individuals (2,475 events) of European ancestry. We created BMI genetic risk score (GRS) based on genotypes at 94 known BMI associated genetic variants. Association between the BMI genetic score and breast cancer survival was analysed by Cox regression for each study separately. Study-specific hazard ratios were pooled using fixed-effect meta-analysis. $\textbf{Results:}$ BMI genetic score was found to be associated with reduced breast cancer specific survival for estrogen receptor (ER) - positive cases (HR=1.11, per one-unit increment of GRS, 95% CI 1.01-1.22, P=0.03). We observed no association for ER-negative cases (HR=1.00, per one-unit increment of GRS, 95% CI 0.89-1.13, P=0.95). $\textbf{Conclusion:}$ Our findings suggest a causal effect of increased BMI on reduced breast cancer survival for ER-positive breast cancer. There is no evidence of a causal effect of higher BMI on survival for ER-negative breast cancer cases.
Heat Transfer Enhancement in Solar Air Heater Duct Fitted With Punched Hole Delta Winglets

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper investigates the thermal performance of solar air heater fitted with delta winglet type vortex generators with holes punched on it by experimental and numerical analysis. Delta winglet type vortex generators having holes punched onto it are fitted in a duct of size 400*300*30mm.it is placed in duct in 3 different configurations, as an array having 5 pair in one row. Delta winglet pair has an attack angle of 30degree, with height of winglet equal to half of duct height. The study is done for Reynolds's no in the range of 9000 to 25000. Thermal performance is evaluated by analyzing both friction factor and Nussult's number using Webb's correlation for surface roughness. Numerical simulation is done using Ansys fluent. Experimental and numerical results are then compared. Results shows that heat transfer enhancement of about 20-150% can be achieved by using punched hole delta winglet.
Adorno’s negative dialectics and its debt to Nietzsche: Could Nietzsche be the originator of Adorno’s negative dialectics?

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The dominant view for the relation between Adorno and Nietzsche is that the latter’s influence on the former, in terms of style and content, is primarily to be found in Adorno’s book Minima Moralia. Contrary to the dominant view, this article takes seriously Adorno’s admission that ‘of all the so-called great philosophers I owe [Nietzsche] by far the greatest debt – more even than Hegel’ and investigates the extent of Nietzsche’s influence in the conception of negative dialectics. It is argued that there could be a significant as well as inconspicuous influence that runs through Adorno’s Negative Dialectics to the point where Nietzsche legitimately be proclaimed the originator of Adorno’s negative dialectics. For those who consider negative dialectics to be the paramount achievement of Adorno’s thought, this claim would be equivalent to the claim that Nietzsche’s most significant contribution in Adorno’s thought is to be found in Negative Dialectics rather than in Minima Moralia.
Phylogenetic study of Lac Insects of Kerria spp. using intron length polymorphism (EPIC-PCR)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Lac insects belonging to Kerria species are the most commonly used species for commercial lac production. They are also harnessed for the production of lac dye and wax. Using five Exon Primed Intron Crossing (EPIC) PCR primers for Kerria spp., we studied the intra- and interspecific variation among a population of forty eight lac insect lines. The study separated K. chinensis from rest of the lines and also made differentiation between the infrasubspecific forms of K. lacca i.e., kusmi and rangeeni.
Conditional Symmetry of a Memristive System with Amplitude and Frequency Modulation Control

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this study, we studied the effects of offset boosting on the memristive chaotic system. A system with symmetry and conditional symmetry was constructed, by adding the absolute value function to an offset boosting system. It is proved that the symmetric system or a conditionally symmetric system can be constructed with similar or the same dynamic characteristics by using certain correction and offset boosting in an asymmetric system. In addition to multiple stability, the memristive system can also realize the amplitude and frequency control by introducing a parameter. The simulation circuit verifies the amplitude modulation characteristics of the system.
A 9-Year-Old Female with Bilateral Leg Weakness After Influenza Vaccination

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A 9-year-old female developed bilateral leg weakness on the same day she received an influenza vaccination. Her condition had gradually worsened during the 5 months prior to her presentation. She had no family history of hereditary disease. Physical examination revealed muscle atrophy without fasciculation in all four limbs. Muscle power in the proximal and distal limbs was 3 of 5, and the deep tendon reflexes of the lower limbs were decreased bilaterally, but there was no sensory function impairment, urinary incontinence, or other autonomic nerve system dysfunction. Nerve conduction velocity test revealed axonal degeneration with demyelination in both upper and lower limbs. Lumbar puncture
RANCANGAN ATRAKSI WISATA EDUKASI DI KAMPUNG HIJAU KOTA BANJARMASIN

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Banjarmasin city is a popular tourist destination for its river tourism. One of the tourist destinations that offer a distinctive atmosphere of river-based Banjar culture is Kampung Hijau. This tourist attraction is located on the Martapura river banks, which was developed with a Community-based Tourism (CBT) approach. This study aims to design educational tourist attractions in the Kampung Hijau tourist destination. This study uses a qualitative approach with descriptive types. Data collection was carried out by the survey, interview, and documentation study. The design of educational tourism attractions designed in Kampung Hijau provides basic knowledge of community adaptation and mitigation actions against climate change and other matters. It increases tourist knowledge and understanding by firsthand the community's adaptation and mitigation activities. Keywords: Attraction; Education tourism; Kampung hijau
Grazing intensity differentially regulates ANPP response to precipitation in North American semiarid grasslands

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Grazing intensity elicits changes in the composition of plant functional groups in both shortgrass steppe ( SGS ) and northern mixed‐grass prairie ( NMP ) in North America. How these grazing intensity‐induced changes control aboveground net primary production ( ANPP ) responses to precipitation remains a central open question, especially in light of predicted climate changes. Here, we evaluated effects of four levels (none, light, moderate, and heavy) of long‐term (>30 yr) grazing intensity in SGS and NMP on: (1) ANPP ; (2) precipitation‐use efficiency ( PUE , ANPP : precipitation); and (3) precipitation marginal response ( PMR ; slope of a linear regression model between ANPP and precipitation). We advance prior work by examining: (1) the consequences of a range of grazing intensities (more grazed vs. ungrazed); and (2) how grazing‐induced changes in ANPP and PUE are related both to shifts in functional group composition and physiological responses within each functional group. Spring (April–June) precipitation, the primary determinant of ANPP , was only 12% higher in NMP than in SGS , yet ANPP and PUE were 25% higher. Doubling grazing intensity in SGS and nearly doubling it in NMP reduced ANPP and PUE by only 24% and 33%, respectively. Increased grazing intensity reduced C 3 graminoid biomass and increased C 4 grass biomass in both grasslands. Functional group shifts affected PUE through biomass reductions, as PUE was positively associated with the relative abundance of C 3 species and negatively with C 4 species across both grasslands. At the community level, PMR was similar between grasslands and unaffected by grazing intensity. However, PMR of C 3 graminoids in SGS was eightfold higher in the ungrazed treatment than under any grazed level. In NMP , PMR of C 3 graminoids was only reduced under heavy grazing intensity. Knowing the ecological consequences of grazing intensity provides valuable information for mitigation and adaptation strategies in response to predicted climate change. For example, moderate grazing (the recommended rate) in SGS would sequester the same amount of aboveground carbon as light grazing because ANPP was nearly the same. In contrast, reductions in grazing intensity in NMP from moderate to light intensity would increase the amount of aboveground carbon sequestrated by 25% because of increased ANPP .
Analysis of Loss Factor of Supercooled Pore Water at Frequencies of 60–140 GHz

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Loss factor of supercooled pore water is studied at frequencies of 60–140 GHz at temperatures of down to –70°C using silica gel. It is shown that, with disregard of the effect of monomolecular nonfreezing layer of bound water, the loss factor of pore water in the silicate material is determined by the Debye relaxation of water corresponding to the properties of bulk water, additional loss in a temperature interval centered at ‒45°C owing to the effect of the second critical point of water, and the surface conduction at the interface due to the formation of ferroelectric ice 0 provided that the freezing point of water in pores is lower than ‒23°C. The experimental results can be used in the problems of radiation transfer in aerosols and porous wetted finely dispersed media.
Prostatic Localization of a Migrating Grass Awn Foreign Body in a Dog

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

A 13-year-old male mixed-breed dog was examined because of hematuria and pyrexia. Ultrasonographic examination of the genitourinary tract showed the presence of a migrating grass awn in the right prostatic lobe. Laparotomy allowed, under ultrasonographic guidance, to remove entirely the migrating grass awn from the prostatic parenchyma. The recovery was uneventful and four months after the surgery the owner reported that the dog showed the complete resolution of the clinical signs and full return to normal activity. To our knowledge, this case report describes for the first time the clinical presentation, imaging findings, management and outcome for a dog with prostatic localization of a migrating grass awn.
Intergenerational Mobility and Regional Differentiation in China's Population Structure, 2010–2020

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China emphasizes promoting coordinated regional development and advancing a new type of urbanization centered on people. To better understand the evolution of the population pattern and the mechanisms behind it, GIS statistical analysis and mathematical statistical analysis were used. Combined with the data from the sixth national census in 2010 and the seventh national census in 2020, it was found that the overall trend of population growth was mainly concentrated in the eastern developed provinces such as Beijing and Shanghai, Jiangsu Province, Zhejiang Province and Guangdong Province. There was also a significant increase in resource-based provinces such as Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region and Tibet Autonomous Region, while the population in less developed provinces such as Henan Province, Gansu Province, the three northeastern provinces and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region decreased significantly. The notable changes in the population pattern of the post-80s and post-70s generations are that some of them are moving out of Beijing and Shanghai, where the cost of living is high, and the post-60s generation is moving in to Sichuan and Chongqing. By group, young people with high knowledge mainly move to first-tier cities, but also to second-tier cities due to factors such as high housing prices and high living costs; Young ordinary college students are mainly concentrated in second-tier cities or positions within the system at all levels of counties and cities; Urban basic blue-collar workers are more likely to move to the local big cities; Older migrant workers are gradually returning to their hometowns to retire; The general living population in the central and western regions: all want to move to provincial capitals; The number of "new farmers" moving to the countryside is increasing. In light of the flow patterns of different age groups and groups, this article puts forward policy suggestions from aspects such as strengthening the training of professional and technical talents, attaching importance to grassroots elderly care and making large and medium-sized cities "fertility-friendly", and formulating development strategies based on local conditions to promote sustainable development of people and society.
Facilitating Strategic Renewal by Managing Strategic Role Conflict

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

We use the term 'strategic renewal' to refer to an evolutionary view of strategic change (Barnett and Burgelman, 1996; Burgelman, 1983; Huff et al., 1992; Nelson and Winter, 1982). It is an iterative process of belief, action and learning that can align the organisation's strategy with changing environmental circumstances (Doz, 1996; Huff et al., 1992; Johnson, 1988). Long periods of incremental adjustment (single loop learning) are broken by bursts of revolutionary change (double loop learning) (Argyris, 1976; Gersick, 1991; Tushman and Anderson, 1986). Successful strategic renewal overcomes the inertial forces embodied in the organisation's established strategy and closes the gap between its existing core competencies and the evolving basis of competitive advantage in the industry (Agarwal and Helfat, 2009; Burgelman, 1991, 1994; Huff et al., 1992; Hurst et al., 1989).
Symmetries in geometrical optics: theory

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A study of light and charged-particle optical systems with inversion, reflection, rotation, translation, and/or glide symmetries is presented. The constraints imposed by the various symmetries on the first-order properties of a lens are investigated. In particular, the mathematical structures of the deflection vectors and the transfer matrices are described for various symmetrical systems. In the course of studying the translation and the glide symmetries, a simple technique for characterizing a general system of N identical components in series (or cascade) is also developed, based on the linear algebra theory of factoring matrices into Jordan canonical forms. Applications of these results are presented in a follow-up paper [ J. Opt. Soc. Am. A12, 2760 ( 1995)].
Determining The Paths of Urban Expansion for The City of Kirkuk Using The Hierarchical Analysis – Multi - Criteria Decision - Making Method

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The research aims to choose the paths of urban expansion byadopting a correct scientific approach that enhances themethodology of spatial analysis of the most appropriate sitesby studying indicators that affect the city, and since thehierarchical analysis method is a scientific method, i.e. the twowaycomparison process, the comparison of couples is the onewho reaches the relative weights of factors or Indicators andevaluation. Therefore, spatial decision-making usuallyincludes many criteria that reflect the opinions and decisionsof decision-makers, experts, interested parties andstakeholders to determine the paths of urban expansion, andbecause of these multiple opinions and decisions, all thesematters must be resolved through the adoption of a strategy ofdirect integration into the environment of information systemsprograms. The geographical representation of the results of thehierarchical analysis, which was based on the weights of allfactors, i.e. the main and sub-indicators obtained from theExpert Choice program, which worked on the integration andintegration of multi-criteria capabilities by creating anintegrated integrated unit, which proved to provide andprovide practical and scientific solutions to decision makers inthe least possible time and cost. Effort as well as its ability andcompetence to provide technical support to planning decisionmakers. Through what we mentioned in the study of assessingthe spatial suitability of urban expansion, we obtained theresults of the most appropriate, most and least appropriate forthe areas of determining the paths of urban expansion in thecity of Kirkuk.
[Fumaric acid therapy in psoriasis; a double-blind, placebo-controlled study].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Thirty-nine patients with psoriasis (12 females, 27 males) entered a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study on the efficacy of fumaric acid therapy in an outpatient setting. During 16 weeks the patients were treated with tablets containing a combination of dimethylfumarate and different salts of monoethylfumarate, with octylhydrogen fumarate or with placebo tablets. All patients were treated with identical indifferent topical therapy and followed an elimination diet (avoidance of spices, wine and nuts). Thirty-four patients completed the study. Five patients dropped out because of side effects or aggravation of the skin lesions. The patients treated with the combination of monoethyl- and dimethylfumarate showed a significantly better therapeutic response compared with those who were treated with placebo or octylhydrogen fumarate. Side effects of the fumarate containing tablets were flushing, diarrhoea, a reversible elevation of transaminases, lymphocytopenia and eosinophilia. One patient developed a disturbance of the kidney function which normalised after discontinuation of the therapy.
To Sound and to Absorb: Art, Solipsism and the Problem of Mediation in John Banville’sthe Blue Guitarand Wallace Stevens’ “The Man with the Blue Guitar”

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This article will explore the intertextual links between Banville’s novel The Blue Guitar and Wallace Stevens’ poem “The Man With the Blue Guitar” in order to examine the correspondences and disruptions which arise when the esthetic frame claims to impose its own unique sense of order upon the world of sensations and phenomenal reality. Taking my cue from Banville’s use of the epigraph “Things as they are/Are changed upon the blue guitar” from Stevens’ poem – which is in the poem a response to the accusation that artists “do not play things as they are” – I argue that the novel and poem stage a confrontation between the irresponsible solipsism of the artist (as figured both by Oliver Orme’s kleptomaniac tendencies and his inclination to reduce the otherness of social reality into the ambit of the Kierkegaardian esthetic attitude toward the world) and the failure to internalize completely the essence of things as they are, which provides the ethical opening toward being affected by a sense of radical alterity which inheres in an awareness of our being in the world, which is itself an esthetic perception.
Domestic violence and abuse

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Domestic abuse is a subject that is difficult to deal with for most people. Health professionals often lack confidence when approaching the subject, due to various reasons, such as lack of training, not knowing how to manage the situation or how to communicate with the survivor. However, it is vitally important that awareness is increased at an individual and practice level, so that more survivors can get the help, support and protection they need. This article aims to educate the reader about: what comes under the umbrella term ‘domestic abuse’; how it presents, particularly in general practice; how to break down barriers to disclosure; and what resources are available to help.