jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
X-ray fluorescence application in food, feed, and agricultural science: a critical review

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Recently X-ray fluorescence techniques have been widely used in food and agricultural science areas. Minimal sample preparation, nondestructive analysis, high spatial resolution, and multiple elements measurements within a single sample are among its advantages. In this review, literature of X-ray fluorescence are extensively researched and summarized from food and agricultural science areas focusing on food safety inspection, food nutrition, plant science, soil science, and Ca-related problems in horticultural crops. In addition, the advantages and disadvantages of X-ray fluorescence comparing with traditional analytical techniques of elements are also discussed. The more advanced technology such as developments of detector, scanning system, beamline capability among others would significantly increase future application of X-ray fluorescence techniques. Combination use of XRF with other tools such as chemometrics or data analytics would greatly improve its prediction performance. These further improvements offer exciting perspectives for the application of X-ray fluorescence in the food and agricultural science areas.
The possible existence of Hs in nature from a geochemical point of view

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A hypothesis of the existence of a long-lived isotope 271Hs in natural molybdenites and osmirides is considered from a geochemical point of view. It is shown that the presence of Hs in these minerals can be explained only by making an additional ad hoc assumption on the existence of an isobaric pair of 271Bh-271Hs. This assumption could be tested by mass-spectrometric measurements of U, Pb, Kr, Xe, and Zr isotopic shifts.
Knowing What to Teach Provides a Roadmap for Early Literacy Intervention

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Promoting literacy development was not a priority for early childhood special educators 25 years ago. The turn of the century gave rise to a scientific basis of reading that outlined what skills need to be taught to facilitate literacy achievement. Steady progress has been made in moving early childhood education to teaching the skills that are needed to prevent reading disabilities, with particular attention to at-risk populations. The big challenge in the next 25 years will be to develop effective procedures for teaching those skills to children with intellectual and other developmental disabilities. Meeting this challenge will have far reaching implications for preparing all students to participate in our highly literate world.
Response of Rice (Oryza sativa) to Glyphosate Applied to Simulate Drift1

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Field studies were conducted in 1996, 1998, 1999, and 2000 to determine the effect of glyphosate (isopropyl amine salt) on rice injury and yield when applied postemergence at 0, 70, 140, and 280 g ai/ha to dry-seeded rice in the three- to four-leaf (3- to 4-L), midtiller (MT), panicle initiation (PI), and boot (BT) growth stages. Glyphosate at 140 and 280 g ai/ha applied at the 3- to 4-L, MT, and PI growth stages resulted in the greatest foliar injury, and 280 g ai/ha was more injurious than 140 g ai/ha at the first rating, with the exception of MT and PI 2000, where they were equal. Glyphosate treatments resulted in the least visible foliar injury when applied at the BT stage. Rough rice yield was reduced by glyphosate applied at 280 g/ha to rice in the MT growth stage three out of four years. Applied to rice at PI, glyphosate at 140 g/ha reduced yields two out of four years, and three out of four years when applied at 280 g/ha. BT-stage applications of glyphosate at 70, 140, and 280 g/ha reduced yields two out of four, three out of four, and four out of four years, respectively. Nomenclature: Glyphosate; rice, Oryza sativa (L.) ‘Cypress’, ‘Lemont’, ‘Priscilla’. Additional index words: Rice growth stage. Abbreviations: BT, boot; MT, midtiller; PI, panicle initiation; 3- to 4-L, three- to four-leaf.
Extension of a Thermal Unit Model to Represent Nonlinearities in Temperature Response of Miniature Rose Development

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

`Candy Sunblaze' and `Red Sunblaze' miniature roses ( Rosa L. sp.), were grown at several temperatures. The phenological events of budbreak (BB), visible flower bud (VB), and open flower (OF) were recorded daily. Based on these events, phenophases from BB to VB (BB:VB), from VB to OF (VB:OF), and from BB to OF (VB:OF) were defined. Daily rates of development to complete a phenophase increased with temperature between 13.6 and 27 °C. For `Candy Sunblaze', the rate of increase changed to a smaller slope beyond 25 °C. A piecewise linear regression change point model was fitted to each dataset. The base temperature (T b ) and the temperature at which the nonlinearity (T i ) occurred could then be determined. T b for the phenophase BB:OF was 9.5 °C for `Candy Sunblaze' and 8.1 °C for `Red Sunblaze'. T i for `Candy Sunblaze' was 24.9 °C for BB:VB and 25.6 °C for the phenophase BB:OF. The resulting point of change in rate of development prompted a modification of the traditional thermal unit formula. To complete the phenophase BB:OF using the modified formula, 479 degree days (°Cd) were predicted necessary for `Candy Sunblaze' and 589 °Cd for `Red Sunblaze'. Predicted time of events was compared with observed values. Subdividing BB:OF into BB:VB and VB:OF and using their respective T b and thermal units summations (TU) reduced the average prediction error from 1.9 to 1.8 days for `Candy Sunblaze' and from 2.4 to 1.5 days for `Red Sunblaze'. In addition to single plant observations, phenological observations and thermal units were determined for pots with four plants to simulate commercial greenhouse crop production. Subdividing BB:OF into BB:VB and VB:OF and using their respective T b and TU accumulations, reduced OF prediction errors on a crop basis for `Red Sunblaze', but was ineffective for `Candy Sunblaze'.
Frequency of Alloimmunization in Multi Transfused Patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Two hundred (200) subjects requiring regular blood transfusion were analyzed to detect the antibody and its specification. The investigation included peripheral smear, Direct antiglobuline test (DAT), Indirect antiglobuline test (IAT), antibody screening in all cases and antibody identification where the antibody was detected. The DAT was negative in all cases. IAT become positive in six cases and nine cases were found to be positive with Maxi Screen (three panel cells).
Interpretation of epsilon Aur. 3. Study of the light curve based on disk models.

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

view Abstract Citations (12) References (19) Co-Reads Similar Papers Volume Content Graphics Metrics Export Citation NASA/ADS Interpretation of Epsilon Aurigae. III. Study of the light curve based on disk models. Huang, S. -S. Abstract The light curve expected from the eclipse of a star by a companion possessing a semitransparent disk has been investigated. Two computational procedures for deriving the light curve based on the geometrically thin-disk model are given here. Using these procedures, we have calculated the light curves of e Aur based on different sets of parameters including those given previously by Wilson. We have also studied the light curve of E Aur based on a geometrically thick disk model, and have advanced two proposals in order to understand the change in the shape of the light curve from one eclipse to the next, namely, (1) the rapid evolution that occurs in the disk and (2) the density waves in the disk and/or individual condensations that are revolving around the secondary each in an independent way. Whether the disk is thin or thick, we have shown that the observed light curve and the opacity distribution in the disk are related by an integral equation. Consequently, once the thickness is given, the fitting of the light c'irve is basically a question of assigning the opacity distribution to the disk, and vice versa. Subject headings: circumstellar shells - eclipsing binaries - stars, individual Publication: The Astrophysical Journal Pub Date: May 1974 DOI: 10.1086/152827 Bibcode: 1974ApJ...189..485H full text sources ADS | data products SIMBAD (1)
Human Face Feature Extraction and Recognition Base on SIFT

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

An important algorithm SIFT, which has been successfully applied in image matching, is employed in face recognition. Firstly, the main region of a face is detected from background images by AdaBoost. Secondly, face features are extracted by using SIFT. Then, face recognition is conducted by the comparing real extracted features with training sets. Experiment shows that, in the ORAL face DB, this scheme can reserve the advantages of SIFT, and have a high robustness in face description.
Congruence Relations Connecting Tate-Shafarevich Groups with Hurwitz Numbers

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Let p > 3 be a rational prime congruent to 3 modulo 4, and h(−p) be the class number of the imaginary quadratic field Q(\\sqrt{-p}). Then h(−p)≡−2B\\frac{p+1}{2}modp, where Bn is the n-th Bernoulli number. This is a quite classical congruence. Under the full BSD conjecture, we provide an easy method to obtain the natural explicit generalization of this, which is a congruence between the conjectural order of the Tate-Shafarevich group for certain elliptic curve with Mordell-Weil rank 0 and a coefficient of power series expansion of an elliptic function associating the elliptic curve.
Sterilization Rate of the Axilla After Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy: The Scope for Conservative Surgery

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

PURPOSE The role of axillary conservation after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) is debatable. We routinely carry out complete axillary lymph node dissection (ALND). This study was conducted to understand the pathologic axillary complete response (pAxCR) after NACT. MATERIALS AND METHODS We evaluated a prospective database of patients with breast cancer who underwent surgery after NACT in the year 2017 at our institution. NACT was administered to downstage locally advanced breast cancer or facilitate breast-conservation surgery. RESULTS Of 793 patients who underwent surgery after NACT, 97(12.2%) had cN0 disease, 407 (51.3%) had cN1, 262 (32%) had cN2, and 27 (3.4%) had cN3 at presentation. Eighty-eight patients (11.1%) had cT1-2 primary tumor stage, and 623 patients (78.6%) had cT3-4 primary tumor stage; primary tumor stage details were unavailable for 82 patients (10.3%). The median age was 46 years (range, 21-74 years). On histopathology, the overall pAxCR rate was 52.8%. In the cN1 and cN2 settings, 58.7% and 36.6% of patients achieved ypN0 status, respectively. The overall pathologic complete response rate was 22.64% (161 of 711 patients). On univariable analysis, cN stage, histologic grade, hormone receptor status, NACT duration, and lymphovascular invasion were significantly associated with pAxCR ( P <.001). On logistic regression, prechemotherapy cN status (odds ratio [OR], 3.08; 95% CI, 2.18 to 4.37; P <.001), estrogen and progesterone receptor status (OR, 0.34; 95% CI, 0.3 to 0.4; P <.001), and administration of both chemotherapy regimens preoperatively (OR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.45 to 0.97; P <.05) predicted pAxCR. CONCLUSION At least half of patients with cN1 and a third of patients with cN2 breast cancer who develop pAxCR may be suitable candidates for axillary conservation. A careful postchemotherapy assessment followed by a conservative axillary procedure may be an alternative to ALND, but this needs to be studied prospectively.
AN ANALYSIS OF TOTAL PROJECT IMPACT. SD:ASAP ANALYTIC STUDY NO. 1--1975

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The current study examined 27 statewide and regional sub- sets of motor vehicle crash data in order to assess the impact of SD:ASAP. A general linear model analysis of variance was utilized to assess drift, change in level and change in drift. Series' were inspected for auto- correlation and seasonally adjusted as necessary. Reported alcohol related fatal and injury accidents increased in drift during the same period. Possible decrease in level of the series due to the change in speed limit was controlled delete for statistically. comparison of fatal and injury accidents with the non-ASAP states of North Dakota and Wyoming was also carried out with a general linear model analysis of variance. There was a significantly greater decrease in drift for South Dakota injury accidents than for control states during the same time period. BAC data obtained from roadside surveys during the SD; ASAP operational period did not indicate a decrease in BAC levels for the second half of the operational period as compared to the first half. Mean BACs of individuals arrested for DWI during the baseline period and operational period (0.212 vs. 0.193) were significantly different. Because of a number of confounding factors (improved police sensitivity, change in presumptive level of intoxication, etc.), BAC data was considered generally unreliable and not sensitive to project effect. Comparisons of crash involved drivers who had been drinking with crash involved sober drivers for the years 1972-1974 indicated that they differed with respect to age and sex and also the time of day and day of week of the accident. Comparison of fatal, injury, and property damage crash driver groups between baseline and operational years of SD:ASAP indicated a greater proportion of fatal accidents were reported as alcohol related during the operational period. Cost analysis of SD:ASAP indicated a substantial saving to society affected by the implementation of the project.
Depletion of the enteric nervous system by gene targeting results in haemorrhagic necrosis of the ileum

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Over the past few years it has become increasingly clear that new insights into the physiology of the gut are being made by non-gastroenterologists, often working on “blue-sky” projects with no clinical relevance. One such project, published in Cell earlier this year, illustrates this point well.

Astrocytes are cells with branching cytoplasmic processes which surround nerves. Some of the processes are directed towards capillaries and others towards neurones. They provide structural support for the neurone, play a role in maintaining the blood–brain barrier, and are also important in repair after injury. They contain a characteristic protein–glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Bush and colleagues used the GFAP promoter to target the thymidine kinase of herpes simplex virus (HSV-TK) into astrocytes in transgenic mice. In proliferating cells exposed to the antiviral agent ganciclovir (GCV), HSV-TK metabolises GCV to produce toxic nucleotides which kill the cells expressing the transgene. Untreated transgenic mice are normal. However, when GCV was given to the transgenic mice in subcutaneous miniosmotic pumps, starting at about two weeks after implantation, the mice began to die. By 20 days treatment mortality was 100%.

When the mice were analysed, the cause of death was …
Anti-microbial and anti-mycotoxigenic activities of endophytic Alternaria alternata isolated from Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don.: molecular characterisation and bioactive compound isolation

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

The present study investigated the anti-microbial and anti-mycotoxigenic activities of the ethyl acetate extract (EA) and a bioactive compound obtained from an endophytic fungus Alternaria alternata isolated from Catharanthus roseus leaves. A. alternata was identified using PCR-based 5.8S rDNA sequencing. The EA and bioactive compound, p-Coumaric acid (PC), showed concentration-dependent broad-spectrum anti-microbial activity against the tested bacteria, yeast, and fungi with MICs ranging from 7.8 to 250 µg/mL. The in vitro production of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) from Aspergillus flavus and fumonisin B1 (FB1) from Fusarium verticillioides was completely inhibited by EA and PC at 400 µg/mL. The synthesis of the membrane-bound ergosterol from A. flavus and F. verticillioides was strongly inhibited by PC at 200 µg/mL. The EA and PC were found to show significant anti-microbial and anti-mycotoxigenic activities, hence, they could be explored as protective agents for preventing microbial deterioration and mycotoxins accumulation in food and feedstuffs during pre- and post-harvest and storage.
Solar particle abundances at energies of greater than 1 MeV per nucleon and the role of interplanetary shocks

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

view Abstract Citations (56) References (20) Co-Reads Similar Papers Volume Content Graphics Metrics Export Citation NASA/ADS Solar Particle Abundances at Energies Greater than 1 MeV per Nucleon and the Role of Interplanetary Shocks Cane, H. V. ; Reames, D. V. ; von Rosenvinge, T. T. Abstract The abundances of elements in large solar energetic-particle events in the energy range of 2-12 MeV per nucleon are examined. It is confirmed that the abundances relative to mean values vary approximately monotonically as a function of mass, except for He-4; some events show a gradual depletion of heavy ions, whereas a small number displays a gradual increase. A further organization of abundance data is shown, which depends on the longitude of the source region. Enhancements in Fe/C and other heavy elements relative to C occur when source regions are near west 60 deg; the enhancements are attributed to the sampling of a flare-heated material. Depletions of these elements are found to be greatest for source regions near central meridian; they are matched by a steepening of the spectrum and can be understood in terms of diffusive shock acceleration. Publication: The Astrophysical Journal Pub Date: June 1991 DOI: 10.1086/170088 Bibcode: 1991ApJ...373..675C Keywords: Abundance; Interplanetary Medium; Particle Energy; Shock Waves; Solar Corpuscular Radiation; Carbon; Heavy Elements; Heavy Ions; Iron; Nuclear Fusion; Solar Flares; Solar Physics; INTERPLANETARY MEDIUM; SHOCK WAVES; SUN: PARTICLE EMISSION full text sources ADS |
A Nonlinear Precoding Design for Two-Group Alamouti System in MIMO Correlated Channel

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In order to simplify the detection complexity of the receiver and improve the bit error rate (BER) performance of the two-group Alamouti system in correlated channel, we design a nonlinear precoding scheme for two-group Alamouti system in multiple input multiple output (MIMO) correlated channel in this paper. We apply the geometric mean decomposition (GMD) algorithm to the equivalent channel matrix and the dirty paper coding (DPC) technique to the transmitter of the system. Thus, interference between signals can be eliminated at the transmitter, meanwhile, sub-channel with equal gain are obtained. However, a high peak power ratio is caused by the dirty paper coding technique at the transmitter. To solve this problem, Tomlinson-Harashima Precoding (THP) with modulo operation is applied to the transmitter. From the simulation results, it is observed that the proposed system can significantly improve the BER performance as well as Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR) performance.
Dinuclear Manganese(III) Complex with Cyclam-based Dodecadentate Ligand Bearing Schiff-base Pendants (Cyclam = 1,4,8,11-Tetraazacyclotetradecane)

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Novel dinuclear manganese(III) complex with a new dodecadentate ligand, 1,4,8,11-tetrakis(2-5-chlorosalicylideneaminoethyl)-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane (H4L), [Mn2(L)(CH3COO)2]·2CHCl3 has been synthesized and characterized by X-ray crystallography.
Quality analysis of different collimators and energy window aquisitions for Bremsstrahlung SPECT/CT

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Poster: ECR 2011 / C-1767 / Quality analysis of different collimators and energy window aquisitions for Bremsstrahlung SPECT/CT by: R. Talanow1, S. Srinivas2; 1Lexington, KY/US, 2Cleveland, OH/US
Model-based unsupervised instantaneous speaker adaptation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Unsupervised instantaneous adaptation, which uses the input utterance itself for adaptation, is the ideal speaker adaptation method for speech recognition, and is expected to be very useful for a wide range of applications. Since voice individuality is phoneme dependent, speaker adaptation must be performed model dependently. However, it is impossible to obtain a complete model sequence, that is, what is spoken, for each input utterance, especially for speakers who have many recognition errors when using speaker-independent models. Therefore, how to perform model-dependent adaptation without knowing the correct model sequence is a crucial issue. If all possible model sequences were hypothesized and used for adaptation, the amount of calculation would become enormous. This paper proposes a new adaptation method, in which N-best hypotheses are created by applying speaker-independent phone models to each input utterance, and speaker adaptation based on a constrained MAP estimation technique is then applied to each hypothesis. Using this method, the likelihood of a correct hypothesis existing in a low rank with speaker-independent models rises, and, as a result, recognition accuracy increases. Experimental results for several continuous speech recognition tasks show that recognition accuracy is increased by this method, even for speakers who have very low accuracy with speaker-independent models.