jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
[Adrenoleukodystrophy. Clinical-pathologic case history and literature review].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This article presents the clinical and pathological history of a 10-year-old boy with adrenoleukodystrophy as well as a tabular survey of 17 additional cases of which the necropsy records were published in the literature. So far as the case of adrenoleukodystrophy directly observed by the authors themselves is concerned, commencement of the disease was in the seventh year of life, with symptoms of Addison's disease and diffuse inflammatory cerebral sclerosis being observed at about the same time. The cerebral disease manifested itself as a progressive pseudobulbar and pyramidal tract symptomatology and as a progressive cerebral psychosyndrome reminiscent of an endocrinal psychosyndrome. Morphologically, the adrenoleukodystrophy was characterized by severe dystrophy of the cortex of the suprarenal gland and the brain are considered the points of action of a still unknown noxa.e suprarenal gland as well as by extensive sudanophilic processes of decomposition in the cerebromedullary substance, putamen, pallidum, and thalamus. Striated cells and cytoplasmic filamentous inclusions observed in the brain and suprarenal glands in a number of cases reported in the literature were not found by the present authors. The cortex of th
Impacts of Soybean Imports on Indian Processors, Farmers, and Consumers

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

India is one of the world’s largest importers of vegetable oils in part because of low domestic oilseed production, and tariff and nontariff barriers preventing oilseed imports. Simulation results indicate that India could lower its barriers to soybean imports without adversely affecting farmers, since imports are economically attractive to crushers even when subject to modest tariffs which sustain pre-liberalization farm and wholesale prices. Soybean processors in India achieve higher rates of capacity utilization and lower unit costs using imported oilseeds. Moreover, it is possible to partially redistribute to consumers the sizable gains processors experience by lowering the soybean oil tariff.
From Data Completion to Problems on Hypercubes: A Parameterized Analysis of the Independent Set Problem

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Several works have recently investigated the parameterized complexity of data completion problems, motivated by their applications in machine learning, and clustering in particular. Interestingly, these problems can be equivalently formulated as classical graph problems on induced subgraphs of powers of partially-defined hypercubes. In this paper, we follow up on this recent direction by investigating the Independent Set problem on this graph class, which has been studied in the data science setting under the name Diversity. We obtain a comprehensive picture of the problem's parameterized complexity and establish its fixed-parameter tractability w.r.t. the solution size plus the power of the hypercube. Given that several such FO-definable problems have been shown to be fixed-parameter tractable on the considered graph class, one may ask whether fixed-parameter tractability could be extended to capture all FO-definable problems. We answer this question in the negative by showing that FO model checking on induced subgraphs of hypercubes is as difficult as FO model checking on general graphs.
Synchronization Induction Based on Precise Identification of Cell Cycle Progression to Enhancing Polyploid Induction

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract

Asynchrony in the cell cycle is a critical limiting factor in the efficiency of polyploid induction. While cell cycle inhibitors can increase the proportion of cells suitable for chromosome doubling, efficient polyploid induction through synchronization requires precise identification of cell cycle progression. The present study, flow cytometry and EdU fluorescence labeling were used to precisely track the cell cycle progression of differentiated explants during in vitro culture. Results showed that the increase in the S phase began two days after differentiation, while the G2/M phase started on day four. Based on this, optimal treatment time points for synchronization were identified. Comet assays and other techniques were used to determine the appropriate concentration (1.5 mM) and duration (24 hours) of 5-aminouracil, which narrowed down the range of subsequent orthogonal experiments. This optimization significantly (p < 0.05) improved synchronization efficiency and increased the tetraploid induction rate to an average of 40.90%. These findings demonstrate that by precisely identifying key cell cycle phases, synchronization techniques can be efficiently optimized to enhance polyploid induction. Our findings offers a systematic method for improving breeding efficiency in woody plants and could advance the development of more efficient polyploid induction systems in plant breeding.
Deep Learning Meets Radiomics For End-To-End Brain Tumor MRI Analysis

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Magnetic resonance imaging is the modality of choice in brain tumors to diagnose and monitor the patients with such lesions. However, its manual analysis is user-dependent and cumbersome, and is affected by significant intra- and inter-rater variability which hampers the objective assessment of the progression of the disease. In this work, we tackle this issue and introduce an end-to-end pipeline to not only segment the brain tumors in a fully-automated and reproducible way and calculate their volumetric characteristics, but also to benefit from radiomic features extracted from the tumorous tissue for classifying the scan as low- or high-grade gliomas. Our extensive experiments revealed that the automatically calculated volumetric measurements are in almost perfect agreement with human readers, and that the ensemble classifiers utilizing radiomic features extracted from whole-tumor areas deliver high-quality classification for a range of segmentation approaches. To make the experiments fully reproducible and to encourage other research groups to exploit our end-to-end pipeline, we made the implementation open-sourced.
Psychosocial Resilience and Quality of Life in Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease Undergoing Hemodialysis: A Cross-Sectional Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: To evaluate psychosocial resilience and quality of life (QOL) in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) undergoing hemodialysis at a private hospital in Punjab, Pakistan. Methodology: This cross-sectional study included 191 ESRD patients undergoing hemodialysis at a private center in Lahore, Pakistan, from January to December 2022. Eligible participants were aged 18 or older, diagnosed with ESRD, and receiving regular hemodialysis. Exclusion criteria included acute kidney injury, incomplete medical records, cognitive impairments, or psychiatric disorders. Resilience was measured using the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), and quality of life (QOL) was assessed with the WHOQOL-BREF™ questionnaire. Demographic and clinical data were also collected. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25.0, with descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA, and post hoc Bonferroni correction. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The study involved 191 hemodialysis patients with a mean age of 53.4 ± 14.2 years, 45% male and 55% female. Common co-morbidities included hypertension (85%), diabetes (65%), and cardiovascular disease (40%). The mean duration of ESRD was 5.6 ± 3.2 years, with 70% undergoing hemodialysis three times per week. Most patients (60%) had higher education, while 15% had no formal education, and 70% were married. Resilience, measured by the CD-RISC, had a mean score of 45.27 ± 8.35, and QOL, measured by the WHOQOL-BREF™, had a mean score of 51.71 ± 6.30. Both scores were significantly lower than population norms (p = 0.029 for resilience, p = 0.001 for QOL), indicating considerable psychological challenges. Conclusion: ESRD patients on hemodialysis experience low levels of psychosocial resilience and quality of life, highlighting the need for targeted interventions to improve these critical aspects of patient well-being.
Numerical Simulation Research of Micro-Injection Molding Simulation

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

According to the basic theory and process of conventional injection molding, using the CAE software, numerical simulation research of the injection molding characteristic for micro thin-wall plastic parts are put forward. The effects of process parameters (melt temperature, mold temperature, injection pressure, injection rate) on molding characteristic of micro thin-wall plastic parts are discussed by single factor method, compare the significance of each factors.The simulation results showed that volume could be improved with the increase of melt temperature ,molding temperature, injection pressure and injection rate.
Abstract IA09: Molecular mechanisms controlling the T cell-inflamed tumor microenvironment: Implications for therapy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Two major categories of melanoma metastases have been observed based on gene expression profiling and confirmatory technologies. One subgroup of patients has T cell-inflamed phenotype that includes expression of chemokines, T cell markers, and a type I IFN gene signature. In contrast, the other major subset lacks this phenotype and these tumors show a behavior of immune “exclusion”. The optimal immunotherapeutic intervention may be distinct for these two general subsets. The T cell-inflamed tumor microenvironment subset contains the highest expression of negative regulatory factors, including PD-L1, IDO, and FoxP3+ Tregs, and evidence for T cell-intrinsic anergy has also emerged. In addition, the mechanism of induction of these inhibitory mechanisms has been elucidated—PD-L1 and IDO are induced by IFN-γ, and Tregs are largely recruited by chemokines such as CCL22, produced by activated CD8+ effector T cells. Preclinical experiments have confirmed a critical role for all 4 of these mechanisms in limiting anti-tumor T cell efficacy in vivo, giving a mechanism base for translation back into the clinic. These include anti-PD-1/PD-L1 mAbs, IDO inhibitors, and approaches to deplete CD25+ Tregs and/or reverse anergy. The presence of multiple inhibitory mechanisms in the same tumor microenvironment argues that combination therapies may be advantageous to overcome compensatory effects. Preclinical data indicated synergy between anti-CTLA-4 +/- anti-PD-L1 +/- IDO inhibition. The mechanism of synergy is striking, as it correlates with a marked improvement of IL-2 production and proliferation of tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells. Clinical translation of these combination immunotherapies is promising and ongoing. In contrast to the T cell-inflamed melanomas, a new paradigm may be needed to promote de novo inflammation in cases of the non-T cell-infiltrated tumor microenvironment. Recent work has indicated that successful innate immune sensing of tumors involves the STING pathway and type I IFN production. Therefore, STING agonists are being developed to promote effective innate immune activation and generation of an adaptive immune response. Molecular mechanisms that explain the presence or absence of a T cell-inflamed tumor microenvironment in patients are being elucidated, which is opening up new concepts for therapies that may overcome immune exclusion and render patients responsive to immunotherapies. Citation Format: Thomas Gajewski. Molecular mechanisms controlling the T cell-inflamed tumor microenvironment: Implications for therapy. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy: A New Chapter; December 1-4, 2014; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2015;3(10 Suppl):Abstract nr IA09.
Lung Decortication With Argon Plasma Energy for the Treatment of Chronic Pleural Empyema

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Lung decortication for the treatment of chronic pleural empyema remains a technically challenging procedure that is associated with bleeding and air leak. The recent advent of pure argon plasma has provided thoracic surgeons with an electrically neutral energy source for dissection and coagulation of pulmonary tissue with minimal depth of necrosis. In this article, we describe the technique of lung decortication with argon plasma energy (PlasmaJet, Plasma Surgical, Roswell, GA, USA) for the treatment of chronic pleural empyema. With appropriate application, the PlasmaJet can facilitate the removal of fibrous cortex with satisfactory hemostasis and aerostasis. Argon plasma energy can potentially be a useful adjunct in lung decortication. Controlled trials are needed to determine its role in the surgical management of advanced pleural empyema.
Distribution and characterization of tick-borne encephalitis viruses from Siberia and far-eastern Asia

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

In this study, tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) viruses from Siberia and far-eastern Asia were characterized in order to determine virus subtype distribution. TBE viruses were isolated from ticks ( Ixodes persulcatus ) collected in the far-eastern (Khabarovsk and Vladivostok) and Siberian (Irkutsk) regions of Russia in 1999. Phylogenetic analysis showed that isolates formed distinct clusters of far-eastern and Siberian subtypes. There was also a minor difference in antigenicity between the Irkutsk isolates and other TBE virus strains, as demonstrated by the reactivity of monoclonal antibodies. Amino acid alignments of the E gene showed that the Irkutsk isolates had a single amino acid change at position 234 (Q or H); this amino acid position is considered to be a ‘signature’ of Siberian subtype TBE viruses. Strains isolated in Irkutsk also exhibited equivalent or somewhat higher virulence in mice compared with far-eastern TBE virus isolates. All viruses isolated in this study (i.e. far-east Asian and Siberian isolates) have 3′ non-coding regions (NCRs) of almost the same length, which contrasts with the various sizes of 3′NCRs of other TBE viruses strains reported previously. The data presented in this study show that the 3′NCR is uniform among TBE viruses isolated from Siberia and far-eastern Asia and that the 3′NCR is essential for TBE virus growth in tick and/or rodent host cells.
Savonarola's Women: Visions and Reform in Renaissance Italy

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Girolamo Savonarola (1452-98), the religious reformer, preacher, and Florentine civic leader, was burned at the stake as a false prophet by the order of Pope Alexander VI. Tamar Herzig here explores the networks of female followers that proliferated in the two generations following his death. Drawing on sources from the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, many never before studied, transcribed, or contextualized in Savonarolan scholarship and religious history, Herzig shows how powerful public figures and clerics continued to ally themselves with these holy women long after the prophet's death. In their quest to stay true to their leader's teachings, female followers faced hostile superiors within their orders, local political pressures, and the deep-rooted misogynistic assumptions of the Church establishment. This unprecedented volume demonstrates how reform circles throughout the Italian peninsula each tailored life and works to their particular communities' regionally specific needs. Savonarola's Women is an important reconstruction of women's influence on one of the most important and controversial religious movements in premodern Europe.
Progress in design and processing of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs): Home compostable poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co—3‐hydroxyhexanoate) (PHBHHx)/polybutylene succinate‐co‐adipate (PBSA) blend

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) are biodegradable linear polyesters mainly produced by bacterial fermentation. These materials are biocompatible, non‐toxic, and have a low environmental impact, making them an excellent alternative to fossil‐based plastics in food packaging. Despite their promising characteristics, PHAs have several disadvantages, such as brittleness, slow nucleation process, thermal instability and consequently poor processability. In this article, poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hexanoate) (PHBHx), a copolymer belonging to the class of PHAs, was blended with polybutylene succinate‐co‐adipate (PBSA) and other process additives in order to improve its properties and realize a hot food container compostable in a domestic environment. The material in the pellet form was produced by reactive extrusion with a corotating twin‐screw extruder. The compound was then processed by cast extrusion and the resulting film was thermoformed into a rectangular container. All the semi‐finished products were characterized thermo‐mechanically and with chemical–physical tests, demonstrating good processability, thermal resistance of 100°C, complete impermeability to oxygen, transmission of light radiation less than 30% and high toughness (<5 kJ/m 2 ). In addition, the morphology of the blende was also investigated by SEM and XRD analysis.
Self inhibition of the Agaricus bisporus Spore by CO2 and/or γ‐Glulaminyl‐4‐hydroxybenzene and γ‐Gtutaminyl‐3,4‐benzoquinone: A Biochemical Analysis

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Chemical and enzymological analyses have been carried out to study the mode of action of CO 2 , in inhibiting germination in Agaricus bisporus and to test the suggestion (Vogel and Weaver, 1972. Exp. Cell Res. 75: 95, Vogel et at, 1974. Am. J. Pathol. 76: 165) that γ‐glutaminyl‐4‐hydroxybenzene (GHB) and/or γ‐glutaminyl‐3,4‐benzoquinone (GBQ) would inhibit the succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) in the mushroom spore and thus represent the causal agent(s) of its dormancy. Evidence is presented that the impairment of SDH is brought about by Ihe CO, fixation product oxaloacelate which is formed in the pyruvate carboxylase reaction, and a mechanism is proposed for the release of the SDH inhibition when activating the spores. These are almost devoid of GHB, whereas fruit bodies of all developmental stages contain considerable amounts of the phenol. GBQ is absent in the spore, and its occurrence in mushroom fruit body extracts appears to be an artifact of extraction. Apart from these analytical results, theoretical reasons are given that vouch against the involvement of the phenolics in the inhibition of SDH in vivo .
HUME ON "IS" AND "OUGHT": A REPLY TO MR. MAcINTYRE

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

IN A recent paper in the Philosophical Review,' Mr. A. C. MacIntyre criticizes what he takes to be the current interpretation of a celebrated passage in Hume's Treatise and suggests an alternative for which he claims the important merit that it makes Hume's ethical views self-consistent. The main point that I wish to make in this discussion is the general one that MacIntyre's treatment of the question whether Hume did or did not affirm the autonomy of morality is vitiated by a failure to make clear what he understands by that phrase; but I shall also contend more particularly that MacIntyre's arguments against the received interpretation are less than conclusive, and suggest that even on MacIntyre's interpretation Hume's views are by no means wholly consistent with themselves. The well-worn passage from the Treatise will perhaps survive quotation yet again. It goes:
TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS PREDICTION MODEL USING FUZZY LOGIC: ASWAN DESERT ROAD CASE STUDY

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Transportation system plays an important role in human life and is one of the main indicators of the standard of living. Traffic accidents represent a major problem threatening people's lives, health, and property. Also, these accidents on roads can threat the management of transportation system. Being unsafe, this system will be unable to work properly. Therefore, traffic accidents prediction models may help for understanding accident causes and the number of their occurrence under certain circumstances.This study aims at developing a prediction model for Aswan western desert road by using fuzzy logic which is known for its benefits in dealing with uncertainty problems. This is to be carried out by the use of actual accident data obtained from the Egyptian General Authority for Roads, Bridges, and Land Transport (GARBLT) with survey data for pavement conditions, traffic flow presented as average hourly traffic per lane (AHTL), speed, minor access, traffic signs conditions and road width which are the inputs of the model.Several types of model were developed using the Poisson regression model, negative binomial regression model and negative multinomial model based on generalized linear regression technique. On the contrary, the relationship between an accident and the influencing factors is nonlinear and complicated and the using of fuzzy is preferable because fuzzy logic system is good for dealing with nonlinear input and output relationship. The overall results of the study reveal that the predicted results using the proposed fuzzy logic system produce accurate and stable traffic accident predictions.
Using technology to meet the challenges of post-graduate teaching in physiology

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: Post-graduate training involves work that is integrated with learning. A resident of physiology is expected to teach MBBS students after completion of the course, so the training also involves transforming them into good facilitators with adequate knowledge and competency. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic continuing PG teaching is becoming more and more challenging.

Aim and Objectives: The aim of the study was to assess knowledge acquired by PG Residents of physiology following self-directive learning sessions conducted using technological assistance.

Materials and Methods: This pilot project was conducted in the Department of Physiology of Burdwan Medical College. Institutional ethical clearance and informed consent of the subjects were taken. The theoretical parts of renal physiology and cardiovascular physiology were taught to PG Residents in 4 months. Before the conduction of the teaching-learning sessions, the PG residents had to appear in two written examinations (one on renal physiology and the other on cardiovascular physiology). Renal physiology was subdivided into six parts and cardiovascular physiology into eight parts. All residents were allotted topics and they had to make video presentations and upload them in your tube. Links were created in Google Meet by the Department and posted in the WhatsApp group. Eight such sessions were arranged for renal physiology and ten for cardiovascular physiology. Two examinations were conducted 15 days after the teaching-learning sessions. Statistical analysis: Paired T-test was used to compare the pre-test and post-test scores.

Results: Pre-test scores of PG Residents in renal physiology were 39.8 ± 6.21 and post-test scores of PG Residents in renal physiology were 55.8 ± 3.54; P-value: 0.013*. Pre-test scores of PG Residents in cardiovascular physiology were 41.8 ± 5.67 and post-test scores of PG Residents in cardiovascular physiology were 59.2 ± 9.6; P-value: 0.019*.

Conclusions: The PG residents of the department of physiology were able to acquire adequate knowledge in the theoretical part of renal and cardiovascular physiology following self-directive learning sessions conducted using technological assistance.