jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Thinking about Peace in Ancient India

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

AśokaIndian history begins, in a certain way, in the third century BCE with the inscriptions of Aśoka. 1 These inscriptions are among the earliest surviving written testimony from the subcontinent.Their contents are surprising, to say the least.They are messages for his subjects from Emperor Aśoka, who calls himself "the beloved of the gods."And they tell us a lot about the emperor himself, especially about his religious and generally moral attitudes.We know from these inscriptions that Aśoka turned to Buddhism at some point in his life, and that he considered himself a lay Buddhist.Not unrelated, but of more immediate interest for our topic, are the regrets that Aśoka expresses about the violence he had perpetrated during the conquest of a region in eastern India, Kalinġa.We find this in the so-called thirteenth Major Rock Edict, extracts of which I present here in the somewhat free rendering of Romila Thapar:When he had been consecrated eight years the Beloved of the Gods, the king Piyadassi, conquered Kalinġa.A hundred and fifty thousand people were deported, a hundred thousand were killed and many times that number perished.…
The Influence Of Obesity‐Associated Metabolic Disturbance On The Profile Of Angiogenic Regulators And Capillary Number Within Skeletal Muscle

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Skeletal muscle capillaries are critical determinants of nutrient delivery and utilization and capillary network density is thought to correlate with insulin sensitivity. Conflicting data exist regarding the consequence of obesity‐associated metabolic disturbances on skeletal muscle capillarization, with positive, negative and no effect having been reported. The purpose of this investigation is to assess the influence of obesity induced by high fat feeding or by leptin receptor mutation, on the angiogenic profile within the skeletal muscle microenvironment, and ultimately, on muscle capillarization. In FVB/n mice fed a high‐fat (HF) or normal chow (NC) diet for 16‐weeks, mRNA levels of VEGF‐A did not change (NC: 1.06 vs. HF: 1.13; P >0.05) but VEGF protein levels were elevated (NC: 81 vs HF: 104 pg/mg; P =0.02). Relative FoxO1 protein levels increased in capillaries isolated from muscle of HF vs. NC mice (NC: 0.67 vs HF: 1.55; P =0.03). Capillary‐to‐fibre ratio (C:F) was not altered in HF‐ compared to NC‐ fed mice (2.22 and 2.04, P =0.34). In contrast, 13 week old mice with leptin receptor activity deficiency (Lepr db ) had a significant reduction in VEGF‐A mRNA (1.85 vs. 1.09, P =0.03) and protein (WT: 98 vs Lepr db : 86 pg/mg; P <0.05) relative to age‐matched C57BL/6 (WT) mice. Both FoxO1 (0.58 vs. 0.86) and THBS1 (0.37 vs. 0.81) mRNA levels tended to increase in Lepr db vs. WT mice. Skeletal muscle C:F was substantially reduced in Lepr db vs. WT mice (1.92 vs. 1.39, P <0.001). Comprehensive profiling of angiogenic regulators will be conducted by microarray analysis. The skeletal muscle microenvironment differs substantially between HF and Lepr db models. Our data suggest that muscle capillarization is maintained during HF feeding due to a balance between pro and anti‐angiogenic factors, which may include VEGF‐A and FoxO1. This balance is disrupted in leptin receptor mutant mice, which results in a loss of capillaries and raises the intriguing possibility that leptin signaling itself modulates muscle capillarization. Thus, the Lepr db model may not be a suitable model to study obesity‐induced vascular alterations in skeletal muscle. Funded by CIHR.
INFLUENCE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC PARAMETERS OF AN ASYNCHRONOUS MOTOR WITH A SHORT-CIRCUITED CAGE ON TRANSIENT PROCESSES

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The article discusses the electromagnetic parameters of an asynchronous motor (AD) with a short-circuited cage of general industrial application for the study of transient processes in an electric drive. The main purpose of the study is to determine the transient characteristics of AD by comparing parameters with reference data and calculations in the ANSYS Maxwell RMxprt program. The parameters defined in the program were found to provide more accurate results for transients. The comparative analysis showed that the active resistance of the stator winding coincides with the reference value, while the inductance is 21 % lower and the mutual inductance is 26 % higher. The use of these parameters in the mathematical model of AD made it possible to obtain more accurate results in comparison with traditional reference values, which contributes to a better understanding of transient processes. The obtained results emphasize the importance of using modern tools, such as ANSYS Maxwell RMxprt, in the study of electromagnetic parameters to increase the accuracy of modeling transient processes in AD, which is relevant for optimizing their designs and operational characteristics.
Profile The Physical Condition Of Junior Women’s Volleyball Athletes Kediri of 2016

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract
The purpose of this research is to determine the extent of the physical condition on the junior
women’s volleyball athletes of Kediri. With the method used is a survey and test measurements.
The research subjects junior women’s volleyball athletes Kediri amounting to 12 athletes. The
physical condition of this study is the flexibility, speed, agility, coordination, endurance, strength
(leg muscle, abdominal muscles and arm muscles), explosive power (leg and arm). The results of
the study achieved by junior volleyball athletes Kediri as follows : the physical condition of the
flexibility has enough category, to the physical condition of the speed has enough category, to
the physical condition of agility has enough category, for coordinating physical condition have
enough category, for general physical condition endurance (VO2 Max) has poor category, to the
physical condition of leg muscle strength has less category, for the physical condition of the
abdominal muscle strength has less once category, to the physical condition of limb muscle
power have less category, for the physical condition of leg muscle power has good condition, for
the physical condition of the arm muscle power have poor category. From the data obtained
above, the general physical condition of junior volleyball athletes of Kediri in the less once
category.
STUDIES ON THE PATHOGENESIS OF FEVER WITH INFLUENZAL VIRUSES

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Observations have been made on the fever-inducing properties of an endogenous pyrogen found in the circulation of rabbits after the intravenous inoculation of Newcastle disease virus (NDV). When endogenous pyrogen was given to a normal recipient, a biphasic fever was produced which simulated that seen with bacterial endotoxins. With the use of a technique of serial passive transfer, it has been shown that the "double-humped" response results from two separate actions of the injected pyrogen. The first of these appears to be a direct stimulation of the thermoregulatory centers. The second involves the release of further endogenous pyrogen in the normal recipient to cause, in turn, the second fever peak. Since the injection of endogenous pyrogen did not produce a significant change in the number of circulating leukocytes, it is inferred that this substance is different from either bacterial or tissue polysaccharides. In rabbits rendered tolerant by a previous injection of virus the second fever peak failed to appear and the response to endogenous pyrogen was monophasic. Evidence indicates that the absence of a second fever peak in the tolerant recipient was not due to rise in temperature on the preceding day of virus injection or to the development of either serum inhibitors or tolerance to virus itself. It is postulated that prior mobilization of endogenous pyrogen by virus may have modified the ability of the tolerant recipient to liberate further amounts of this substance in response to an injection of endogenous pyrogen.
Shunting For Idiopathic Normal-Pressure Hydrocephalus: Can We Predict Response?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Patient selection based upon preshunt corroborative evaluation with tap test, lumbar drainage or measurement of outflow resistance provides long-term improvement in idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus patients. The key is to select patients with the idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus triad of symptoms, as well as ventriculomegaly for shunting, in order to improve the negative predictive value of our tests so that appropriate patients can be reliably excluded as being shunt refractory.
Kynurenines in cognitive functions: their possible role in depression.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Depression can originate from changes in tryptophan availability, caused by activation of the kynurenine pathway (KP) as a result of inflammation. Alterations in the KP and the changing levels of its metabolites have recently been considered to be factors contributing to the pathogenesis of depression. The key molecular mediator which induces the conversion of tryptophan into kynurenine is indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase. Following its activation, both the production of neurotoxic compounds and the diminished peripheral accessibility of tryptophan are regarded as essential steps in the pathophysiological processes. The aim of this review is to survey the role of the KP in depression and its relationships with cognitive functions.
SH1651669.08FU

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.
Wind Data Analysis and a Case Study of Wind Power Generation in Hong Kong

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

This paper analyses wind speed data for five typical sites in Hong Kong in terms of site terrain, wind conditions and wind power potential. For onshore and offshore wind power resources, the annual, monthly and diurnal wind speeds are assessed, and the annual mean power densities for the five sites are also calculated. These may be used for optimum sitting of wind sites in Hong Kong, which is also discussed for practical application. The characteristics and power output of a chosen wind turbine on one island are modelled and analysed as a case study to assess the wind power potential. The capacity factor of the modelled wind turbine reaches nearly 0.36, which is considered significant for wind power application. The example demonstrates that the sites on islands with good exposure are attractive for generating wind power, and that therefore offshore should be considered.
Partners’ empowerment and fertility in ten European countries

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Objective: This study aims to investigate the relationship between couples' reproductive behaviour and the division of power between partners in different country-specific contexts. Methods: Power relations are measured by four types of inequality between partners: partners' educational levels, ages, paid labour, and unpaid labour. The first wave of Generations and Gender data for ten European countries is used. Parents and childless couples are considered using the hurdle Poisson model. Results: Male empowerment (male power advantage induced by higher educational level, being older, and doing less housework than the female partner) correlates with early childbearing and positively influences the number of children that couples of reproductive age have across Europe. Female empowerment is associated with late childbearing, but only in Northern and Western Europe (NWE). For older couples who have completed reproduction, male empowerment is associated with a higher probability of parenthood in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) and France; it also correlates with higher completed fertility in selected CEE countries. Female empowerment negatively correlates with the probability of parenthood across Europe. Conclusions: In NWE the number of children of equally empowered couples is similar to that of traditional, male-empowered unions, whereas in CEE equality correlates with lower fertility than male empowerment. This disparity is likely connected to different levels of gender equality and the various family policies in the two regions. Contribution: This paper identifies the impacts of various micro-level (in)equalities between partners on their fertility in different country-specific settings. It pays particular attention to the distinction between completed and as yet uncompleted fertility.
Simultaneous determination of gastric cancer biomarkers pepsinogen PGI/PGII using element tagged immunoassay coupled with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry detection

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Objectives In this study, a new immunoassay for the simultaneous determination of pepsinogen I (PGI) and pepsinogen II (PGII) in serum based on element labeling strategy coupled with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS) detection was proposed. Methods The sandwich‐type immunoassay was used to simultaneously detect PGI and PGII in serum. PGI and PGII were captured by anti‐PGI and anti‐PGII antibody immobilized on the magnetic beads and then banded with Eu 3+ labeled anti‐PGI detection antibody and Sm 3+ labeled anti‐PGII detection antibody, followed by ICP‐MS detection. Results The linear correlation coefficient ( R 2 ) of PGI and PGII standard curves was .9938 and .9911, with the dynamic range of 0‐200 ng/mL and 0‐60 ng/mL, respectively. The limit of detection for PGI and PGII was 1.8 ng/mL and 0.3 ng/mL, respectively. The average recovery was 101.41% ± 6.74% for PGI and 101.47% ± 4.20% for PGII. Good correlations were obtained between the proposed method and CLIA ( r = .9588 for PGI, r = .9853 for PGII). Conclusions We established a mass spectrometry‐based immunoassay for the simultaneous detection of PGI and PGII in a single analysis. The element tagged immunoassay coupled with ICP‐MS detection has high sensitivity, accuracy, and specificity in clinical serum sample analysis.
Impact of Network Conditions on the Harmonic Performance of PV Inverters

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

For dynamic stability assessment, TSOs are simulating large numbers of contingencies on a dynamic model that depicts their own network and beyond. This extension is needed for accurately reproducing the behavior of the real network, but intensifies in return the computational burden. In this paper, a systematic approach is proposed for finding the linearizable regions within the external area, which are suitable for model reduction. The overall idea consists in partitioning the external area into multiple clusters and assessing their level of nonlinearity individually. Upon the end of a temporary disturbance, the free motion of every cluster is confronted with the one of their linear approximation to determine a nonlinearity indicator. The responses are derived analytically to facilitate the integration into existing simulation software. The validity of the approach is assessed on the IEEE 118-bus system model for different fault locations.
Princes and propaganda. Electoral Saxon art of the Reformation. By Carl C. Christensen. (Sixteenth-Century Essays and Studies, xx.) Pp. viii+149 incl. 39 figs. Kirksville, MO: Sixteenth-Century Journal Publishers, 1992. $35. 0 940474 21 2

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Princes and propaganda. Electoral Saxon art of the Reformation. By Carl C. Christensen. (Sixteenth-Century Essays and Studies, xx.) Pp. viii+149 incl. 39 figs. Kirksville, MO: Sixteenth-Century Journal Publishers, 1992. $35. 0 940474 21 2 - Volume 45 Issue 2
Household Whole and Low Fat Milk Consumption in Poland: A Bivariate Two-part Model

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Milk products are a preeminent food category in Poland, providing both employment and dietary benefit. This paper investigates factors affecting household milk consumption in Poland, paying attention to the effect of outmigration. Bivariate two-part model analyzes actual milk spending and allows the dependence of whole and low-fat milk consumption decisions.
Preventive effects of cannabis on neurotoxic and hepatotoxic activities of malathion in rat

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Objective: To investigate the effect of Cannabis sativa extract on the development of neuro- and hepato-toxicity caused by malathion injection in rats. Methods: The extract of Cannabis sativa was obtained from the plant resin by chloroform treatment. Δ-Tetrahydrocannabinol content of the extract (20%) was quantified using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The doses of cannabis extract were expressed as Δ -tetrahydrocannabinol content of 10 or 20 mg/kg. Malathion (150 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally administered followed after 30 min by the cannabis extract (10 or 20 mg/kg, subcutaneously). Rats were euthanized 4 h later. Malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), nitric oxide and paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) activity were determined in brain and liver. Brain 5-lipoxygenase and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) activity were measured as well. Histopathological examination of brain and liver tissue was also performed. Results: Compared to controls, malathion resulted in increased oxidative stress in brain and liver. MDA and nitric oxide concentrations were significantly increased (P<0.05) and GSH significantly decreased with respect to control levels (P<0.05). Malathion also significantly inhibited PON-1 and BChE activities but had no effect on brain 5-lipoxygenase. Brain MDA concentrations were not altered by cannabis treatment. Cannabis at 20 mg/kg, however, caused significant increase in nitric oxide and restored the GSH and PON-1 activity. Brain BChE activity significantly decreased by 26.1% (P<0.05) after treatment with 10 mg/kg cannabis. Cannabis showed no effect on brain 5-lipoxygenase. On the other hand, rats treated with cannabis exhibited significantly higher levels of liver MDA, nitric oxide and PON-1 activity compared with the malathion control group. Rats treated with only malathion exhibited spongiform changes, neuronal damage in the cerebral cortex and degeneration of some Purkinje cells in the cerebellum. There were also hepatic vacuolar degeneration and dilated and congested portal vein. These histopthological changes induced by malathion in brain and liver were reduced to great extent by cannabis administration at 20 mg/kg. Conclusions: Our data suggest that acute treatment with cannabis alleviates the malathion-induced brain and hepatic injury in rats possibly by maintaining the levels of GSH and PON-1 activity.
A first report on isolation of DNA in Bryocladia thwaitesii (Harvey ex J. Agardh) Detoni (red alga) using Nano vue UV spectrophotometer suitable for molecular biological studies

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Bryocladia thwaitesii (Harvey ex J. Agardh) Detoni, is a commercially important red algae finding wide use in pharmaceutical, cosmetics, nutraceutical industries. However there is no work was made on the DNA isolation which is the key step for further improvement of its yield. Here, for the first time we report the DNA isolation suitable for molecular biological studies and the quality and quantity of the DNA is reported in comparison with the green alga (Ulva covelongenesis V. Krishnamoorthy and H.Joshi). Optimization of DNA isolation was done in these algae by adopting different methods. In the optimization process, different DNA isolation methods were followed. A better result in terms of purity and yield was obtained in method suggested by Wattier et al. (2000) modification by Dellaporta et al. (1983). Quantitative analysis made using Nano vue UV spectrophotometer sets as a pioneering effort in the B. thwaitesii. The DNA isolated by this protocol from two seaweeds, both the purity of DNA as well as concentration were very high i.e., 1.772 and 594.5 mg/µl respectively in B. thwaitesii. In U. covelongenesis the purity of DNA was 1.763 and concentration of DNA 569.5 mg/µl, which was fairly high in other protocols studied, the purity of DNA ranged from 1.444 to 1.640 and concentration of DNA ranged from 71 to 463 ngm/µl. All the experiments were performed by keeping the green alga U. covelongenesis as standard for comparison. The DNA isolation protocol indentified in the present investigation in the seaweed B. thwaitesii would become well suited for PCR amplification and genomic library construction. Keywords: Bryocladia thwaitesii, Ulva covelongenesis, DNA isolation, Nano vue UV spectrophotometer
Occurrence and Control of Latoia lepida (Cramer) Attacking Black Pepper (Piper nigrum L.)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Slug caterpillar [Latoia lepida(Cramer)] has 2 generations each year and overwinters as last instar larvae inside the cocoons they spun on the vines of black pepper(Piper nigrum L.) in Hainan Province.The slug caterpillar occurs in two peaks,from the last ten days of May to the middle or last ten days of June,and from the last ten days of July to the middle ten days of September each year.Larvae of the 1st generation occur in a large number and cause serious damage to the black pepper,which is the critical stage for control.Some pest control strategies are proposed according to its occurrence characteristics.
Development of a damage simulator for probabilistic seismic vulnerability assessment of electrical installations

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Recent earthquakes have revealed the vulnerability of electric power networks to seismic events. To assess their susceptibility to seismic shaking, a user-friendly damage simulator is developed. It consists of two major components: seismic hazard and damage calculation, whereas the inventory of the exposed transmission towers and substations and their vulnerability are provided by the user. The application uses open-source software without any financial costs to users. The computation starts with selection and calculation of either probabilistic or user-defined seismic hazard scenarios including the local site effects. Spectral accelerations at the fundamental vibration period of transmission towers and the peak ground accelerations for substations are considered as intensity measures (IMs) of the transitory seismic shaking. The probabilistic damage assessment incorporates uncertainties in the site parameters and vulnerability of electric installations. The epistemic uncertainty is considered through the logic tree approach introduced in the latest seismic hazard of the National Building Code of Canada, aleatory uncertainty is captured with the Monte Carlo analysis option, whereas the inherent uncertainty related to the structural dynamic response and damage assessment is accounted for with a set of fragility curves describing different damage states. An example of the seismic site characterization, hazard assessment and vulnerability analysis of Hydro-Quebec electrical installations in the Saguenay region, Canada, is presented to illustrate the capacity of the developed software to predict potential damage. Results indicate the resistance of transmission towers and the relatively high vulnerability of substations to seismic shaking.