jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Revealing the seasonal cycles of Arctic phytoplankton: insights from year-round chlorophyll monitoring

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Rapid Arctic Ocean warming has caused severe sea ice decline, impacting light distribution, phytoplankton blooms, and primary production. We investigated Arctic phytoplankton bloom timing using continuous chlorophyll-a fluorescence data obtained from three Korea Arctic Mooring Systems (KAMSs) deployed north of the East Siberian Sea (KAMS1), north of the Chukchi Sea (KAMS2), and the middle of the Northwind Ridge (KAMS4). Our findings revealed that the bloom initiation times were June 4 (±28 d) in KAMS1, June 24 in KAMS2, and May 21 (±6 d) in KAMS4, when the sea ice concentration (SIC) was >90% and the ice thickness was 1–2 m, indicating that the under-ice phytoplankton blooms (UIBs) developed 1–2 months before the sea ice retreated (mid-July, when SIC was <80%). Peak bloom and termination times were consistently observed in early August and mid-October, respectively. The average phytoplankton bloom lasted for approximately four months, longer than the open water periods at the mooring sites. However, the timing of the phytoplankton blooms from the biogeochemical model-based reconstructions was, on average, 6–10 weeks later than that deduced from the observed data. Furthermore, the maximum chlorophyll-a concentration observed during the bloom peak was approximately ten-times higher than that indicated by the biogeochemical model-based reconstructions (1.81 vs. 0.17 mg −3 ). The differences in chlorophyll-a concentrations and bloom timings indicate that biogeochemical models remain insufficient for simulating the phytoplankton dynamics of the Arctic Ocean, such as UIBs and the subsurface chlorophyll maximum layer. Based on the continuously observed chlorophyll-a concentrations, we gained a precise understanding of the seasonal cycles of Arctic phytoplankton, including UIBs. These valuable data will contribute to improving the accuracy of biogeochemical models of the Arctic Ocean.
Research on the Structures and Features of Netizens' Demand for Popular Science: A Search Data Perspective

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Netizens' demand for popular science could be seen as one important social representation of the public demand for science popularization in the information age. Based on the information searching behaviour of netizens, this paper uses two indicators (demand strength and breadth) to analyse and describe netizens' demand for popular science. It examines the features, the intrinsic structure, the developing trends and group-to-group differences of netizens' demand for popular science. The results reflect younger, more mobile and fragmented tendencies in science communication in the information society, revealing the features of netizens' concerns and knowledge of popular science.
Molecular cloning, characterization of one key molecule of teleost innate immunity from orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides): Serum amyloid A

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides), a favorite marine food fish, is widely cultured in China and Southeast Asian countries. However, little is known about its acute phase response (APR) caused by viral diseases. Serum amyloid A (SAA) is a major acute phase protein (APP). In this study, a new SAA homologous (EcSAA) gene was cloned from grouper, E. coioides, by rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) PCR. The full-length cDNA sequence of SAA was 508 bp and contained a 363 bp open reading frame (ORF) coding for a protein of 121 aa. Similar to other fish known SAA genes, the EcSAA gene contained four exons and three introns. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed that EcSAA mRNA is predominately expressed in liver and gill of grouper. Furthermore, the expression of EcSAA was differentially up-regulated in liver after infection with Staphyloccocus aureus, Vibrio vulnificus, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Singapore grouper iridovirus (SGIV). Recombinant EcSAA (rEcSAA) was expressed in Escherichia BL21 (DE3) and purified for mouse anti-EcSAA serum preparation. The rEcSAA fusion protein was demonstrated to bind to all tested bacteria and yeast, and inhibit the replication of SGIV. Overexpression of EcSAA in grouper spleen (GS) cells could also inhibit the replication of SGIV. These results suggest that EcSAA may be an important molecule in the innate immunity of grouper. (c) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Abstract 15504: Time Course of Improvement of Diastolic Cardiac Function After Pulmonary Vein Isolation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) is an established method of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF). It has been reported that maintenance of sinus rhythm improves diastolic cardiac function in the patients with normal ejection fraction (EF). However, it is unknown the time course of improvement of diastolic cardiac function after PVI. Methods: We enrolled 87 patients who underwent PVI for PAF and received echocardiography before and 6-month/12-month after PVI. We evaluated left ventricular diastolic dimension, EF, left atrial dimension, EF, mitral early diastolic flow velocity (E), late diastolic flow velocity (A), ratio of early diastolic transmitral flow velocity to mitral annular velocity (E/e’), deceleration time (DcT) by the echocardiography and compared the ratio of pre to 6-mounth after PVI and of 6-mounth to 12-mounth after PVI for each parameter between success group (sinus rhythm≧1year) and recurrence group. Results: E/e’ ratio decreased at 6-months after PVI in success group (62patients) than recurrence group (25patients) (0.4334±0.3584% versus 0.0369±0.1169%, p=0.01) (table) but there were no significant differences in the other analyses. In addition there were no significant differences among 6-mounth to 12-mounth parameter. Conclusion: Diastolic cardiac function, especially E/e’, can improve in the early phase (within 6 months) if the patients maintained sinus rhythm after PVI.Early follow-up of diastolic function may play an important role to find recurrence of AF.
Pengaruh Viral Marketing Mixue Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Social media is social media, where users can easily participate freely, share, and create several things such as blogs, social networks, forums, and also virtual worlds and social networks are the most commonly used form of social media. by people around the world. The purpose of this research is to determine Viral Marketing, Purchase Decisions for Mixue products among @mixueindonesia Instagram Followers, and to determine the Influence of Viral Marketing on Purchase Decisions among @mixueindonesia Instagram Followers. The theory used is that Instagram content includes videos, advertisements, and content and Purchase Decisions include awareness, interest, evaluation, trial, and adoption. The approach in this research is quantitative with a survey method. The data collection technique was carried out by distributing questionnaires given to 73 respondents on @mixueindonesia Instagram followers. Sampling used the Slovin technique. The questionnaire collection method used was simple random sampling. The results of this research show that the influence of Viral Marketing as a whole, respondents responded well (agree), as well as the influence of Viral Marketing Mixue on Purchasing Decisions. Overall, respondents responded well (agree) to all the Y variable statements in the research questionnaire. The results of calculations from this research data showed that The t-count value is greater than 8.357, which is greater than the t-table value of 1.666. Because the t-count is greater than the t-table, H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted. And the magnitude of the influence of Viral Marketing @mixueindonesia has a moderate or moderate influence of 0.496 on purchasing decisions with a percentage of 49.6%, while the remaining 50.4% is influenced by other factors outside the research.
Mitomycin C

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

THIRTY PATIENTS RECEIVED MITOMYCIN C by constant infusion for 5 consecutive days (16 patients) or for extended periods by an ambulatory infusion pump (Cor-Med model) for 9 to 30 days (14 patients). The short-term 5-day infusions were delivered at dose rates of 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 mg/m2/d with a cumulative dose of 15–50 mg. The protracted infusions were delivered at dose rates of 0.75–3 mg/m2/d with a cumulative dose of 21.6–65.2 mg. Marrow suppression was dose-limiting and occurred in 5/6 evaluable patients receiving more than 30 mg in the short-term infusion schedule and 8/10 evaluable patients receiving more than 20 mg in the protracted infusion schedule. The characteristics of the marrow suppression are that: a) thrombocytopenia precedes or is observed without concomitant leukopenia and b) the nadir day is delayed (WBC day 42, platelet day 36). Mitomycin C delivered by constant infusion leads to dose-limiting marrow toxicity at 20 to 30 mg cumulative dose depending upon the dose rate and duration of treatment. For short-term 5-day therapy, 3 mg/m2/d and for protracted therapy (up to 30 d) 0.75 mg/m2/d are the recommended dose rates for the constant infusion schedule.
Evaluation of IL-12RB1, IL-12B, CXCR-3 and IL-17a expression in cases affected by a non-healing form of cutaneous leishmaniasis: an observational study design

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction Seldom cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) may present as a lasting and active lesion(s), known as a non-healing form of CL (NHCL). Non-functional type 1 T helper (Th1) cells are assumed the most important factor in the outcome of the disease. The present study aims to assess some molecular defects that potentially contribute to Th1 impairment in NHCL. Methods and analysis This prospective observational study will be implemented among five groups. The first and second groups comprise patients afflicted with non-healing and healing forms of CL, respectively. The third group consists of those recovered participants who have scars as a result of CL. Those participants who have never lived or travelled to endemic areas of leishmaniasis will comprise the fourth group. The fifth group comprises participants living in hyperendemic areas for leishmaniasis, although none of them have been afflicted by CL. The aim is to recruit 10 NHCL cases and 30 participants in each of the other groups. A leishmanin skin test (LST) will be performed to assess in vivo immunity against the Leishmania infection. The cytokine profile (interleukin (IL)-12p70, interferon (IFN)-γ, C-X-C motif chemokine ligand (CXCL)-11 and IL-17a) of the isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) will be evaluated through ELISA. Real-time PCR will determine the C-X-C motif chemokine receptor (CXCR)-3 and IL-17a gene expression and expression of IL-12Rβ1 will be assessed by flow cytometry. Furthermore, IL-12B and IL-12RB1 mutation analysis will be performed. Discussion It is anticipated that the outcome of the current study will identify IL-12B and IL-12RB1 mutations, which lead to persistent lesions of CL. Furthermore, our expected results will reveal an association between NHCL and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-12p70, IFN-γ IL-17a and CXCL-11), as well as CXCR-3 expression. Ethics and dissemination This study has been approved by a local ethical committee. The final results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals and scientific conferences.
Sulfation of Microcrystalline Cellulose with Sulfamic Acid in N,N-Dimethylformamide and Diglyme

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Sulfation of MCC by sulfamic acid in DMF or diglyme in the presence of urea was studied for the first \ntime. It was established, that the degree of substitution in sulfated MCC was in the range from 1.40 \nto 1.54. It was shown, that the most effective sulfation of MCC takes place in diglyme. The yield of \ncellulose sulfate at sulfation MCC in diglyme was 2.5 times higher than the yield for sulfation MCC in \nN,N-dimethylformamide
Neo-Nazis behind Bars

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract In 2009, a new twist on an old ideology sprung up on Russian soil, an opposition movement known as neo-Nazism. The main motivation of members of neo-Nazi groups is like that of radical Islamist forces—opposing the Russian government. As expected, it was not long after inception that many of those group members were arrested and entered the prison system. But their prison experience is very different from that of Islamists. Not only are they not able to do what Islamists did in terms of taking power, but they actually lost members to the vory criminal organization, the jamaats, and even prison administration if they become collaborators. So in this chapter, I will talk about why neo-Nazis, when compared to Islamists, are not able to increase their ranks in prison and actually end up losing members during incarceration.
Har Gillo, Deir Cremisan Monastery, Survey

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

During October 2006, a survey preceding development was conducted southeast of the Deir Cremisan monastery (Permit No. A-4916; map ref. 21680-765/62560-5), prior to the construction of the separation fence. The survey, on behalf of the Israel Antiquities Authority, was performed by Y. Dagan (photography) and L. Barda (GPS).
The problem of restoring the category of “soul” in academic psychology

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Употребление понятия души является, вот уже более ста лет запретным для научно-психологической литературы. Его давно заменили (вытеснили) понятия «психики», «сознания», «самооценки» и т.п. В статье поставлен вопрос о необходимости нового рассмотрения души, как фундаментального основания психической деятельности человека. Показана многомерность понятия души, прямая отнесенность к нему целого ряда традиционных разделов теоретической и прикладной психологии, таких как изучение мышления, памяти, восприятия, ощущений, эмоций и др. Обнаружено, что среди принятых значений понятия души (в статье их перечислено более десяти), только одно заведомо выпадает из требований научно-психологического рассмотрения, а именно понимание души как «духовной части существа человеческого». Делается принципиальный вывод, что душа как таковая никогда не уходила полностью из рассмотрения научной психологии, но, напротив, в большинстве своих проявлений оставалась в центре внимания ученых. Для того, чтобы развести компетенции психологии и теологии, предлагается разделение на «внутреннюю» и «внешнюю» стороны душевных проявлений. При таком делении внешняя сторона, целиком обращенная к материальному миру, практически, прямо и целиком отвечает требованиям, предъявляемым к предмету науки, тогда как сторона «внутренняя» связана с психологией лишь опосредствованно через соотнесение с той реальностью, которую принято обозначать как духовность, что помимо теологических интерпретаций может быть понята нравственно-философски как ценностно-смысловая сфера и уровень придельных умопостигаемых оснований бытия человека. Такой подход позволил подойти к рассмотрению проблемы соотношения «духовного» и «личностного», установлены взаимоотношения психологии личности с обеими (религиозным и секулярным) подходами. Показано, что без учета методологического соотнесения с этими подходами личность как психологическая категория редуцируется до индивидуальных различий характера и мотивационно-волевых показателей.
Bioequivalent Drugs: Towards A Needed Holistic Paradigm Shift?

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The author of this short communication has been working in and teaching drug development for the last 20 years. He has been involved in more than 100 drug development projects, including drug delivery, medical device, biologics, innovators and generic drugs. He has also been involved in all the steps that are needed to file properly to different governmental agencies investigational new drug applications .
Intensive optical field improves the photopolymerization-induced alignment quality of liquid crystals

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Based on a novel concept that intensive optical field may improve alignment of polymer films photopolymerized by linearly polarized laser light, we investigated effects of instantaneous intensity of the laser light and viscosity of the films on alignment of liquid crystals on the photopolymerization-induced anisotropic films. The intensity and the viscosity are the two essential factors related intimately to magnitude and relaxation time of the reorientation Kerr effect. The experiments demonstrated that the increase in the intensity and the decrease of the viscosity improved the photopolymerization-induced orientation of the films. Based on the photochemical points, we discussed causes of the improvement.
PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA INTERAKTIF DAN IMPLEMENTASI APLIKASI MYBIDAN SEBAGAI UPAYA UNTUK PENURUNAN ANGKA STUNTING

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

According to the report on the implementation of the Integration of the National Socio-Economic Survey (Susenas), the prevalence of stunting in the Temanggung district is 25.79%, which is higher than the standard given by WHO, which is 20%. Stunting is a condition where toddlers have a length or height that is less than their age. The long-term impact of stunting is the disruption of physical, mental, intellectual, and cognitive development. In this regard, Telkom University in collaboration with the Temanggung DPPPAPPKB (Dinas Pemberdayaan Perempuan, Perlindungan Anak, Pengendalian Penduduk dan Keluarga Berencana ) plans to increase community knowledge of stunting and collaboration in supporting the Temanggung Regency government program by developing an interactive educational platform, as well as a collaboration platform that can facilitate communities and institutions to participate in helping prevent stunting in Temanggung Regency. This activity expected that the implementation of this application can assist in increasing the effectiveness and efficiency of delivering messages and campaigns against stunting problems, one of the programs belonging to the Temanggung DPPPAPPKB.
Local Experiences and the Second World War: New Perspectives on Mass Violence in Mid-Twentieth Century Europe

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The extensive attention that Timothy Snyder’s Bloodlands: Europe Between Hitler and Stalin has attracted since its publication in 2010 has raised our overall awareness of the structural might that the Soviet Union and Nazi Germany displayed as they reshaped the territories that had separated the two states during the interwar period. In addition to earning widespread acclaim, the volume has been widely criticised by scholars who have exposed the extent to which non-German populations in Eastern Europe participated in the violent persecution of unwanted minority communities during the Second World War. Jan Gross, whose Neighbors unearthed that the Poles of Jedwabne murdered their Jewish neighbours without significant prompting from the German occupiers, has argued that Snyder deprives the inhabitants of his ‘bloodlands’ of agency by blaming wartime violence in the region almost exclusively on Hitler, Stalin and their overlapping policies of state destruction. The evident tensions between micro-historical approaches that stress the importance of local agency and macro-level analyses of larger geographical spaces have obscured how profoundly the interplay of broader structural factors and local variables shaped the course of the Second World War in different locations. Four recent micro-historical works help to partially reconcile the two seemingly oppositional approaches by providing new frameworks for thinking about the complex interactions that occurred between smaller groups of people and the broader forces that shaped their lives during the 1930s and 1940s. The four volumes show that global, national, regional and local agendas overlapped to make ordinary people reconfigure how they saw themselves and how they interpreted the world around them. The identities and perceptions that emerged from these interactions enhance our understanding of the multiple factors that determined people’s actions during the Second World War and the Holocaust.
Effect of zinc on fertilizer utilization rates of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, grain yield and quality in maize

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The application of ZnO 4.2kg/hm2 has a very obvious synergism function on N and K absorption and utilization of maize,and can increase the fertilizer utilization rates of N and K by 35.84% and 141.07% respectively,thus increasing the yield by 7.63%,and can also enhance the contents of protein,fat,starch and total sugar in corn grain by 5.63%,5.37%,2.69% and 2.29% respectively.Zn has an antagonistic action on P absorption and utilization,and decreases P utilization rate.
Advances in detecting α-dicarbonyl compounds: Insights from spectroscopic techniques

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The α-dicarbonyl compounds are glycolysis metabolites with high reactivity that can cause damage to nucleic acids, proteins, and other macromolecules, leading to various chronic diseases. The rapid and accurate detection of α-dicarbonyl compounds in organisms is of great significance for understanding their roles in the initiation and progression of chronic diseases. Spectroscopic techniques, known for their effectiveness, sensitivity, and ease of use, are widely employed for this purpose. This review provides a concise overview of the analytical strategies and performance of spectroscopic techniques used in detecting α-dicarbonyl compounds, including nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, infrared (IR) spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, and ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy. Additionally, this review highlights the advancements and trends in the detection of α-dicarbonyl compounds.
Autonomic and sensory ganglionopathy occurring in a patient with fulminant type 1 diabetes mellitus

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A 63‐year‐old male with a previous infection was admitted to our hospital because of acute pancreatitis. Although he had no history of diabetes mellitus, laboratory examinations revealed marked hyperglycemia on admission, and intensive insulin treatment was required. After 2 weeks, he developed severe pandysautonomia and sensory impairment, and eventually died from colonic perforation caused by paralytic ileus at 1 year after onset. Autopsy findings showed a complete loss of pancreatic islet beta cells with mild fibrosis of the exocrine pancreas. Neuropathological examination showed myelin loss of the dorsal fasciculus at all levels of the spinal cord and ganglionopathy of the dorsal root and sympathetic truncus, revealing degeneration of ganglion cells and a decrease in their number with the formation of N ageotte nodules. On the basis of this clinicopathological evidence, fulminant type 1 diabetes mellitus ( T 1 DM ) and idiopathic immune‐mediated autonomic neuropathy were suspected. Here, we suggest a close etiological relationship between both diseases.
Head Injuries--Panel 3

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BRAIN INJURY Minimum Criteria for Diagnosis A traumatic injury to the head is of major concern to the individual if there is evidence of brain injury. Trauma to the head causing no loss of consciousness and no evidence of focal brain injury may be inconsequential, even if there is evidence of a linear or depressed skull fracture. The minimum criterion for brain injury following head trauma is: (1) loss of consciousness (concussion), even if lasting only several seconds; (2) evidence of a neurologic deficit resulting from the trauma, such as weakness or aphasia; or (3) evidence of focal brain damage demonstrated on examination by a physician, or demonstrated by special diagnostic tests such as computerized tomography (CT) scan. 1.2 Closed Brain Injury The most common cause of closed head injury is sudden deceleration, which occurs when the moving head is suddenly stopped when it strikes an object. Closed head injuries