jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Finite Element Method in Modeling of Ship Structures. Part II – Practical Analysis Example

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

art I of this paper presents basic knowledge about Finite Element Method including the modeling method of ship structures. Numerical modeling methods were also shortly described. A ship hull and the upper works are typical thin-walled structures. Modeling method of plates (typical 2-D elements) with stiffeners (1-D elements) is presented in details. In the part II of the article, practical example of Ro-Ro ship's deck analyses was performed using Patran-Nastran software (MSC Software). The most common and dangerous risks and errors occurring in the process of ship structure modeling were discussed.
Machine Learning's Algorithm Profoundly Impacts Predicting the Share Market Stock's Price

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The stock market is a type of trading where an investor invests their money in a company’s share. In the stock market, an investor with fast and accurate decisions can make money hand over fist. But the inconsistent nature of the stock market makes the decision critical and investment risky. To sort out it, the researcher has developed an Artificial intelligence and machine learning model with the lowest error percentage to forecast the stock price. The author discusses the importance and benefits of forecasting in the share market. The main aim of this paper is to explore the various technologies used to predict the share market stocks. The report also highlights the factors why prediction is not 100% accurate and whether it is possible or not.
Design of Experiments as Expansible Sequences of Orthogonal Blocks With Crossed-Classification Block Effects

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Bisgaard investigated the reduction of effective resolution level of two-level fractional factorial experiments caused by blocking. He did not consider experiments such as the expansible sequences of Addelman. Addelman did not consider the confounding due to blocking. This article considers the block confounding accompanying expansible sequences. Strategies are described for designing experiments as expansible sequences of orthogonal blocks under conditions of crossed-classification block effects of differing types. Rules are given for identifying at each stage of the expansible options what aliased sets of full-model coefficients are confounded with what block-effect parameters. The principles are illustrated with a sequence, one stage of which resembles Bisgaard's 26-2 experiment.
Antonio Gramsci, Settler-Colonialism and Palestine

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article explores Gramsci’s relevance to colonialism with particular reference to the situation in Palestine and the Palestinians. It historically oscillates between the Italy and larger world contexts of Gramsci's time and the Palestinian and larger Arab contexts in more recent times, especially, in the latter case, from the onset of settler colonialism in the Middle East. While it covers a broad range of writings by Gramsci, notably the notes contained in the Prison Notebooks, it provides special attention to his discussion on the Southern Question. It tackles recurring themes in colonial discourse such as those of ‘divide and rule’ and ideology residing in language besides the ever so pertinent theme of Hegemony. It posits the resonance of appropriated or reclaimed knowledge with a different ‘whole way of life’ (Raymond Williams). Palestinian society is represented warts and all, with specific strengths and differences highlighted, especially that of country and the city.
[The health improving technologies in pediatrics].

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The development of prophylactic treatment is one of most challenging and socially significant aspects of modern pediatrics. Today, a great variety of natural and artificial physical factors are employed to protect and/or restore the health of the children and to improve it. The broad scope of non-medicamentous technologies used for the purpose makes it possible to elaborate prophylactic programs adapted to the specific requirements of individual patients at all levels of medical care including therapeutic and prophylactic, spa and resort institutions, educational institutions, health improvement and recreational camps of different types, and home care.
Counterfactual Thinking and Ethical Decision Making

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The present study extends understanding of the self-regulatory aspects of ethical decision making by integrating and exploring relationships among counterfactual thinking, attribution, anticipatory emotions, and ethical decision-making constructs and processes. Specifically, we examine the effects of a manipulation designed to stimulate a counterfactual mind-set, which is found to significantly affect negative anticipatory emotions and intention associated with unethical conduct. Furthermore, we explore the basis of these effects by delineating and supporting responsibility attributions working through perceived negative consequences to influence both negative anticipatory emotions and intention to perform the unethical behavior. This research addresses both academic and managerial imperatives in the marketing education literature as to how to effectively influence ethical decisions through an understanding of how individuals combine theoretically significant cognitions.
Variation in Anesthesiology Provider–Volume for Complex Gastrointestinal Cancer Surgery

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: Examine between-hospital and between-anesthesiologist variation in anesthesiology provider–volume (PV) and delivery of high-volume anesthesiology care. Background: Better outcomes for anesthesiologists with higher PV of complex gastrointestinal cancer surgery have been reported. The factors linking anesthesiology practice and organization to volume are unknown. Methods: We identified patients undergoing elective esophagectomy, hepatectomy, and pancreatectomy using linked administrative health data sets (2007–2018). Anesthesiology PV was the annual number of procedures done by the primary anesthesiologist in the 2 years before the index surgery. High-volume anesthesiology was PV>6 procedures/year. Funnel plots to described variation in anesthesiology PV and delivery of high-volume care. Hierarchical regression models examined between-anesthesiologist and between-hospital variation in delivery of high-volume care use with variance partition coefficients (VPCs) and median odds ratios (MORs). Results: Among 7893 patients cared for at 17 hospitals, funnel plots showed variation in anesthesiology PV (median ranging from 1.5, interquartile range: 1–2 to 11.5, interquartile range: 8–16) and delivery of HV care (ranging from 0% to 87%) across hospitals. After adjustment, 32% (VPC 0.32) and 16% (VPC: 0.16) of the variation were attributable to between-anesthesiologist and between-hospital differences, respectively. This translated to an anesthesiologist MOR of 4.81 (95% CI, 3.27–10.3) and hospital MOR of 3.04 (95% CI, 2.14–7.77). Conclusions: Substantial variation in anesthesiology PV and delivery of high-volume anesthesiology care existed across hospitals. The anesthesiologist and the hospital were key determinants of the variation in high-volume anesthesiology care delivery. This suggests that targeting anesthesiology structures of care could reduce variation and improve delivery of high-volume anesthesiology care.
[Protective action on mice of acellular extracts from Salmonella typhimurium].

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Acellular fractions obtained by saline extraction at 60 or at 100 degree C of Salmonella typhimurium protect mice against an experimental infection with the homologous strain. After purification, these fractions which are complex, might be used for the development of a vaccine.
Cell type specific DNA methylation in cord blood: A 450K-reference data set and cell count-based validation of estimated cell type composition

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Epigenome-wide association studies of prenatal exposure to different environmental factors are becoming increasingly common. These studies are usually performed in umbilical cord blood. Since blood comprises multiple cell types with specific DNA methylation patterns, confounding caused by cellular heterogeneity is a major concern. This can be adjusted for using reference data consisting of DNA methylation signatures in cell types isolated from blood. However, the most commonly used reference data set is based on blood samples from adult males and is not representative of the cell type composition in neonatal cord blood. The aim of this study was to generate a reference data set from cord blood to enable correct adjustment of the cell type composition in samples collected at birth. The purity of the isolated cell types was very high for all samples (>97.1%), and clustering analyses showed distinct grouping of the cell types according to hematopoietic lineage. We explored whether this cord blood and the adult peripheral blood reference data sets impact the estimation of cell type composition in cord blood samples from an independent birth cohort (MoBa, n = 1092). This revealed significant differences for all cell types. Importantly, comparison of the cell type estimates against matched cell counts both in the cord blood reference samples (n = 11) and in another independent birth cohort (Generation R, n = 195), demonstrated moderate to high correlation of the data. This is the first cord blood reference data set with a comprehensive examination of the downstream application of the data through validation of estimated cell types against matched cell counts.
Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in young patients with acute MI: does the Framingham Risk Score underestimate cardiovascular risk in this population?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

To assess the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) and estimates of global risk by Framingham Risk Score in young subjects with acute myocardial infarction (MI), we assessed metabolic parameters and global risk assessment in 165 consecutive subjects who presented with myocardial infarction prior to 45 years of age. Nearly 80% of subjects were overweight or obese and at least one cardiovascular risk factor was present in 96% of patients. MS with or without overt diabetes was present in nearly two thirds of subjects. Excluding subjects with diabetes, the mean 10-year Framingham Risk Score estimate in the total cohort was 9. 3%, with only 17. 1% of subjects having a 10-year risk greater than 20%. Only 28% of subjects with MS had a Framingham Risk Score greater than 20%. Although MS is present in nearly two thirds of young patients with premature myocardial infarction, the Framingham Risk Score appears to underestimate global cardiovascular risk in this population.
Genetic variability, association and path analysis in Indian mustard (Brassica juncea)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Ninety diverse genotypes of Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern & Coss.] were evaluated for fifteen quantitative traits. Both phenotypic and genotypic coefficients of variation were higher for important traits including number of secondary branches/ plant, seed yield/ plant, and 1000-seed weight. High heritability in conjunction with high genetic advance were observed for seed yield/ plant, number of secondary branches/ plant, 1000- seed weight, number of seeds/ siliqua, primary branch angle, number of primary branches/ plant, siliqua angle, siliquae on main shoot, and siliqua length suggesting predominant role of additive gene action for expression of these traits. Seed yield/ plant was found to be positively and significantly correlated with number of primary branches/ plant, number of secondary branches/ plant, primary branch angle, main shoot length, siliqua length, and number of seeds/ siliqua; seed yield/ plant had negative association with oil content. Path analysis revealed that main shoot length, number of primary branches/ plant, number of seeds/ siliqua, and primary branch angle showed positive direct effect on seed yield/ plant which suggested that selection for number of primary branches/ plant, primary branch angle, main shoot length, number of seeds/ siliqua would be quite effective in improving seed yield in Indian mustard.
Spectroscopic and multivariate data‐based method to assess the metabolomic fingerprint of Mediterranean plants

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Introduction Most secondary metabolites from plants have a prominent defensive role and repellency against predators and microbial pathogens. These properties largely vary among plant species and offer potential applications as biologically active compounds in medicine as well in agriculture. Objectives We propose a new procedure that combine different spectroscopic techniques and multivariate data analysis to determine the chemical composition and the relative amounts of each metabolites and/or each class of organic compounds. The approach was used for a rapid identification of secondary metabolites from leaf and root of eight Mediterranean plants species. Methodology The polar and the apolar extracts of two leaves and roots of each plant were analysed by proton nuclear magnetic resonance ( 1 H‐NMR) and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC–MS), respectively. Multivariate data analysis was used for a faster interpretation of data. Results The metabolic fingerprint of the Mediterranean plants, Acanthus mollis , Dittrichia viscosa , Festuca drymeja , Fraxinus ornus , Fagus sylvatica , Hedera helix , Quercus ilex , and Typha latifolia , showed a complex chemical composition, being specific for each species and plant tissue. Two alditols, mannitol and quercitol, were found in manna ash ( Fraxinus ornus ) and holm oak ( Q. ilex ) polar leaf extracts, respectively. The highest levels of aromatic compounds were found in D. viscosa and T. latifolia . Fatty acids were the predominant class of compounds in all apolar extracts under investigation. Triterpene were almost exclusively found in roots, except for holm oak, where they constitute 58% of total extract. Steroids were widespread in leaf extracts. Conclusion The major advantages of the proposed approach are versatility and rapidity, thus making it suitable for a fast comparison among species and plant tissue types.
A removability result for separately subharmonic functions

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Blanchet has shown that a ℂ 2 subharmonic function can be extended throught a ℂ 1 hypersurface provided the function satisfies certain ℂ 1 type continuity condtions on the exceptional hypersurface. Recently we improved Blanchet's result by measuring the exceptional set with the aid of Hausdorff measure. Now we give a related extension result for separately subharmonic functions.
Applied Sociology by

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

ii This thesis studies the status of African Americans at two points in time (1985 and 2004). Status construction theory would suggest that a group of people who increased their possession of goal objects (like education) would also increase in status. However, this study finds that an increase in education of African Americans has not affected their status from 1985 to 2004. In fact, living in a region with a higher proportion of African Americans with college degrees actually lowers the percentage of African American confidants chosen. The results of this paper do not concur with the predictions of status construction theory and would suggest that more research be done on the topic of the decay of status and status construction theory’s ability to explain it. iii
[The effect of second generation histamine antagonists on the heart].

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The review summarizes recent progress in the study of the cardiac actions of second--generation antihistamines. Terfenadine and astemizole, two antihistamines of the second generation, are in vitro potent blockers of potassium channels (K+). It has been considered to be responsible for QT prolongation of the electrocardiogram and life--treating ventricular tachycardias called torsades de pointes. Loratadine and descarboethoxyloratadine, the major metabolite of loratadine were studied on a human cardiac K+ channel (hKv 1.5) cloned from human ventricle. Parent compound and its metabolite in high concentration blocked hKv1.5 channels. However, loratadine (10 mumol/L) failed to inhibit HERG potassium channel and HERG K+. Ebastine also inhibit potassium channels, cloned human Kv 1.5. Cetirizine was completely devoid of any inhibitory action on HERG K+ channels in concentration up to 30 mumd/L. On the other hand terfenadine and astemizole effectively blocked HERG K+ channels with nanomolar affinities (330 and 480 nmol/L, respectively), whereas loratadine was about 300-fold less potent. Fexofenadine--the major metabolite of terfenadine, does not block either HERG or Kv1.5. The quinea pig model (in vitro) revealed that only terfenadine, astemizole and ebastine produced significant QT interval prolongation and arrhythmogenic effects. The other nonsedating antihistamines including cetirizine, loratadine and the major metabolite of ebastine (carabastine), terfenadine (feksofenadine) and astemizole (norastemizole) were devoid of QT interval prolongation and other adverse ECG effects.
Investigation on the NO Removal from Simulated Flue\nGas by Using H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> Vapor over Fe<sub>2</sub>(MoO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub>

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Conventional\nDeNO<sub>X</sub> strategies (SCR and SNCR) suffer\nfrom a series of problems, such as high operating temperature and\nNH<sub>3</sub> escape. In this study, Fe<sub>2</sub>(MoO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub> was first being applied in activating H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> vapor toward the oxidation of NO and impact factors,\nincluding H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> concentration, reaction temperature,\nGHSV, pH value, H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> solution feeding rate,\nand coexisting gases, were investigated. The results revealed that\n92.1% NO conversion efficiency was achieved at 260 °C with a\nlow H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>/NO molar ratio of 4:1. The possible\nmechanism for the reaction pathways of NO was also discussed. Moreover,\nin comparison to most reported Fenton-like catalysts used for the\nelimination of NO, the prepared Fe<sub>2</sub>(MoO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub> showed excellent stability and superior water resistance.
PENGARUH MODEL PROBLEM BASED LEARNING (PBL) TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KRITIS DAN KEMANDIRIAN BELAJAR SISWA SMA SWASTA PERSIAPAN STABAT

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Penelitian ini dilakukan di SMA Swasta Persiapan Stabat yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning terhadap: (1) Kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa; dan (2) Kemandirian belajar siswa. Sampel penelitian ini adalah siswa SMA Swasta Persiapan Stabat Tahun Pembelajaran 2014/2015 yang diambil secara acak kelompok (cluster random sampling) yaitu sebanyak 3 kelas yang berjumlah 120 siswa dari populasi 6 kelas yang berjumlah 160 siswa. Instrumen penelitian berupa tes kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa, dan angket kemandirian belajar siswa. Metode penelitian ini dengan kuasi eksperimen menggunakan teknik analisis kovarians (anakova) pada taraf signifikansi α = 0,05. Hasil penelitian ini diperoleh bahwa: (1) Terdapat pengaruh model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa SMA Swasta Persiapan Stabat 48,018 ± 0,000; (2) Terdapat pengaruh model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning terhadap kemandirian belajar siswa SMA Swasta Persiapan Stabat 30,540 ± 0,000. Hasil penelitan menggunakan model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning, siswa dapat meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis dalam mengingat dan memahami materi pelajaran dengan baik serta menjadikan para siswa mandiri dalam belajar.
Typical Lightning Protection System for Wind Turbines

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Wind turbines are tall structures with heights exceeding 120m.They are usually installed on high altitudes or isolated areas.In these areas, lightning activity could be high and the installation conditions wind turbines are vulnerable to lightning strikes.Furthermore, these areas do not have ideal soil conditions and the efficiency of wind turbine lightning protection system (LPS) can be affected.Additionally, the LPS shall be compatible with IEC61400-24 as minimum; furthermore, the earthing system shall keep step and touch voltages within the limits defined in IEEE80-2000.Considering the high amounts of wind turbines installed annually and also the limited project time-schedules, it is needed to have a typical LPS for wind turbines that complies with the relevant standards; based on this, wind turbines are armoured against lightning strikes.In case of non-effective LPS, damages can be caused in vital wind turbine components like blades which can lead to downtime and loss of energy production.This paper will present a typical LPS for wind turbines.This system can be applied in every site condition up to a pre-defined level, provided that it respects local legislation and can protect the structure in a reliable way.This proposal does not replace the site specific design of LPS but can be used as basis for further adaption in local conditions.
Domestic counter-terrorism in a global context: a comparison of legal and political structures and cultures in Canada and the United Kingdom’s counter-terrorism policy-making

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Although both Canada and the United Kingdom had experienced terrorism prior to the attacks that occurred in the United States on September 11, 2001, Roach has argued that the events of that day ‘produced a horrible natural experiment that allows us to compare how international institutions and different countries responded’. Arguably, the most significant international response post-9/11 was the United Nations Security Council Resolution 1373, which set a 90-day deadline for states to implement measures in accordance with the Resolution. Despite the fact that both Canada and the United Kingdom already had in place extensive provisions to deal with terrorism, both countries responded swiftly and their legislative responses reflect the histories and legal, political and social cultures of each country. This thesis tests the hypothesis that national security remains a bastion of national sovereignty, despite the force of international legal instruments like UN Security Council Resolution 1373 and, as such, the evolution of counter-terrorism policies in different jurisdictions is best analyzed and understood as a product of local institutional structures and cultures. To test this hypothesis, this thesis engages in comparative analyses of legal and political structures and cultures within Canada and the United Kingdom. It analyses variations in the evolution of counter-terrorism policies in the two jurisdictions and explores the domestic reasons for them. In its analysis of security certificates and bail with recognizance/investigative hearings in Canada, and detention without trial, control orders and TPIMs in the UK, this thesis reveals how domestic structures and cultures, including the legal system, the relative stability of government, local human rights culture, and geopolitical relationships all influence how counter-terrorism measures evolve.