jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Monitoring and Management System of Patients With Shoulder Tendinopathy in Rehabilitation Using Kinect 2.0

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The present study aims to implement a support application in the follow-up of physical therapy sessions through Kinect 2.0 for patients with shoulder tendinopathy between 18 and 65 years old. The system was divided into two modules, one for the physiotherapist, which facilitates the management of the sessions and attention to the patients, and one for the patient to evaluate the way they perform the exercises programmed by the physiotherapist. The results obtained through the Kinect are sent to the web environment for physiotherapist's analysis. The system was validated with 10 users between 20 and 50 years of which 80% assertiveness was obtained with respect to the successes and failures of the patients based on the average for each repetition. This project seeks, mainly, that physiotherapists provide simultaneous care to patients by optimizing the management and monitoring process, taking better decisions for the upcoming sessions.
Documents related to the case of The State of Texas vs. Aaron Boles, cause no. 734, 1872

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Documents related to the case of The State of Texas vs. Aaron Boles, accused of aggravated assault and battery of Henry Cook, filed March 13, 1872. Documents include a letter of indictment signed by grand jury foreman N. P. Coleman, attachments, requests for witnesses, bonds, capiases, an application, and a charge of the court.
Ellipsometric study of passive and anodic oxide films formed on Ti and Nb electrodes

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

<p class="PaperAbstract"><span lang="EN-US">Electrochemical formation of passive films and active/passive transition on Ti and Nb metal surfaces in various concentrations of H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> and KOH solutions was investigated using potentiostatic and cyclic voltammetry methods. By simultaneous electrochemical and in-situ ellipsometric measurements the coefficients of film thickness growth of passive films in the potential region from -1.5 V to 4 V were determined. Results indicate the strong influence of the concentration and electrolyte nature to the active/passive transitions and stability of passive films. The influence of cathodic pre-treatment on the passive films dissolution and appearance of the reactivation peaks during the reverse potential cycling were shown. By multiple cycle sequences in which the final anodic potential was gradually enlarged, the barrier properties of passive films on investigated electrodes were confirmed. The electrochemical and ellipsometric data showed that the passive films formed on Nb electrode are more resistant that passive films formed on Ti electrode, especially in higher concentrations of investigated aggressive solutions.</span></p><br />
Visual scores or subcutaneous fat thickness measurements, which is better for designing a 3D vision-technology body condition assessment method

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Assessing body condition (BC) of dairy cows is a way to collect information about their fat reserves, which is essential for effective feeding management. 3D vision-technology might offer the opportunity to automatically and frequently assess BC. Daily monitoring provides a short feedback-loop of changes in fat reserves. Hence, feedings strategies can be optimized which is beneficial from an economic (lower costs), environmental (lower emissions) and animal welfare (lower disease incidences) perspective. This study aimed to determine whether visual scores or subcutaneous fat thickness measurement is better to designa system using 3D vision-technology to predict BC scores. Cows (n=46) ranging in BC score on a 5-point-scale from 1 (lean) to 5 (fat) were preselected on four farms. For eight body parts,BC scores (1-5) given by two observers independently via visual observation and subcutaneous fat thicknesses (mm) measured by ultrasound were related with corresponding 3D variables. The three methodologies were conducted twice on two consecutive days. Only two body parts, i.e. sacral ligament and line between spinous process and tips of short ribs could be assessed by all threemethodologies (ultrasound was limiting). The inter- and intra-observer agreement (kappa) for visual observation ranged from 0.52 to 0.71 and 0.50 to 0.69 for the two body parts respectively. Correlation coefficients between days for the two body parts were 0.72 and 0.88 for subcutaneous fat thickness and 0.91 and 0.96 for 3D vision variables. Furthermore, 3D vision variablesof the two body parts correlated better with visual observations (range 0.79-0.88) than with subcutaneous fat thickness (range 0.55-0.69). Despite the high precision of the ultrasound device, this method appeared labour intensive and only delivered useful information for two body parts. Instead visual observations were made on all eight body parts and showed better potential for predictive BC models using 3D vision variables.
THE EFFECT OF FIXATION WITH FORMALDEHYDE AND GLUTARALDEHYDE ON THE COMPOSITION OF PHOSPHOLIPIDS EXTRACTABLE FROM RAT HYPOTHALAMUS

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Fixation of rat hypothalamus in 4% formaldehyde + 1% CaCl 2 for 24 hr at 0°C reduced the amount of extractable ethanolamine phospholipids considerably. This decrease may be caused by hydrolytic cleavage of the vinyl ether bond in phosphatidalethanolamine and by reaction of formaldehyde with the free amino groups in ethanolamine phospholipids. Evidence is presented that the reaction with free amino groups may be the main cause for the decrease of extractable phospholipids when dealing with a fixative that contains glutaraldehyde and is buffered at pH 7. In this case no phosphatidylserine and hardly any phosphatidylethanolamine could be detected in the tissue extract. It is presumed that these phospholipids are fixed to proteins by the cross-linking action of glutaraldehyde involving free amino groups of proteins and phospholipids.
The Changing Landscape of Ethical Issues in Neurology Practice and Research (P1.365)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: To evaluate the changing ethical challenges neurologists face in light of recent technological and research advances. Background: There have been many technological and research advances that have impacted the diagnosis and treatment of neurological conditions. Just as our diagnostic and treatment algorithms have been changing, so has the ethical decision making. Method: A literature review was conducted using pubmed. The search terms "Ethics and Neurology" were used. Articles were included in the analysis if they addressed ethical issues in neuroscience research or the practice of neurology. Results: There were over 1250 publications from 1959 the present. Publications were scarce until the early 1990s after which there has been a significant increase in number of publications. 82[percnt] of publications were in the last 15 years. There were approximately 685 publications which met inclusion criteria and included in the analysis. The most common ethical considerations were related to research and informed consent, brain death and altered states of consciousness, and issues related to professionalism. In recent years there has been increasing publications on neuro-enhancement and a significant portion of the more recent papers have related to ethical issues that have emerged as a result of recent technological advances. Neurological conditions that were most represented included stroke, dementia, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, pediatric issues, chronic pain, epilepsy and more recently there has been increased publications regarding ethical concerns in traumatic brain injury (TBI). Conclusions: As technological advancements provide neurologists with more diagnostic and treatment options ethical considerations need to be reassessed in order to ensure adherence to medical and neurological professional codes of conduct. Many of these technological advancements have provided neurologists with tools and treatment options which although appear promising, are far from universally understood or accepted. New concerns regarding Brain death, neuro-enhancement, and TBI have emerged and merit further study.
Analisis Persepsi Mahasiswa terhadap Efektivitas Strategi Pembelajaran Socratic Questioning dalam Meningkatkan Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The learning process is a crucial element in education that includes the teacher's efforts in creating an atmosphere and providing support so that learning activities can run well. Education equips students with various skills to face challenges and changes. The Socratic Questioning strategy is a learning approach that focuses on in-depth question and answer dialog to encourage students' critical, analytical, and evaluative thinking. This study aims to evaluate the implementation of Socratic Questioning strategy in improving students' critical thinking skills and to determine the effectiveness of this strategy in learning. This type of research is qualitative with a case study approach, involving 40 students at UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta as resource persons. Data collection techniques were conducted through questionnaires and in-depth interviews, then analyzed using thematic analysis techniques. The results showed that the majority of students gave positive responses to the application of this strategy, with 53.77% agreeing and 26.65% strongly agreeing. The implementation of the Socratic Questioning strategy proved to be effective in helping students develop critical thinking skills, strengthening their ability to organize arguments systematically, and increasing engagement in class discussions. This study provides practical implications for lecturers in using the Socratic Questioning strategy to encourage more productive interactions and improve the quality of class discussions.
OODML: Whole Slide Image Classification Meets Online Pseudo-Supervision and Dynamic Mutual Learning

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Bag-label-based multi-instance learning (MIL) has demonstrated significant performance in whole slide image (WSI) analysis, particularly in pseudo-label-based learning schemes. However, due to inaccurate feature representation and interference, existing MIL methods often yield unreliable pseudo-labels, which spawn undesired predictions. To address these issues, we propose an Online Pseudo-Supervision and Dynamic Mutual Learning (OODML) framework that enhances pseudo-label generation and feature representation while exploring their mutual learning to improve bag-level prediction. Specifically, we design an Adaptive Memory Bank (AMB) to collect the most informative components of the current WSI. We also introduce a Self-Progressive Feature Fusion (SPFF) module that integrates label-related historical information from the AMB with current semantic variations, thereby enhancing the representation of pseudo-bag tokens. Furthermore, we propose a Decision Revision Pseudo-Label (DRPL) generation scheme to explore intrinsic connections between pseudo-bag representations and bag-label predictions, resulting in more reliable pseudo-label generation. To alleviate redundant and ambiguous representations, the class-wise prior of pseudo-label prediction is borrowed to facilitate label-related feature learning and to update the AMB, forming a mutual refinement between feature representation and pseudo-label generation. Additionally, a Dynamic Decision-Making (DDM) module is developed to harmonize explicit and implicit representations of bag information for more robust decision-making. Extensive experiments on four datasets demonstrate that our OODML surpasses the state-of-the-art by 3.3% and 6.9% on the CAMELYON16 and TCGA Lung datasets.
Assessment accommodations for multilingual learners: pupils’ perceptions of fairness

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

A challenge in designing tests is ensuring fairness for all test takers. Pupils who are not yet sufficiently proficient in the language of schooling taking a test that was designed for native speakers is unfair, since they will not be able to demonstrate their true abilities (Abedi, J., and C. Lord. 2001. "The Language Factor in Mathematics Tests." Applied Measurement in Education 14 (3): 219-234.). Multilingual pupils should be provided with accommodations to overcome these challenges but most studies on assessment accommodations for multilingual pupils focus on effectiveness and validity, rather than on fairness (Li, H., and H. K. Suen. 2012. "Are test accommodations for English language learners fair?" Language Assessment Quarterly 9 (3): 293-309). This study fills a gap in current research by viewing accommodation practices through an insiders' lens. Pupils (n = 35) in the fifth grade of primary education were interviewed about a hypothetical test situation which displayed a range of accommodations. Pupils interpret the benefits of accommodations as leading towards more inclusion, as contributing to better understanding, and as increasing learning of both L1 and L2. Results contribute to the fairness debate on which pupils should be given accommodations and who should not.
A chromosome survey of 1062 mentally retarded patients. Evaluation of a long-term study at the Rinnekoti Institution, Finland

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

During 1962–79 chromosome studies were performed on 1062 patients at the Rinnekoti Institution for the Mentally Retarded. Conventional stainings, occasionally supplemented with autoradiography, were used during the first 10 years; slightly less than half the cases were studied in this way. The rest were stained by the banding techniques. Of the patients studied 305 had Down's syndrome. Regular 21-trisomy was found in 283 of these cases (92.8 %), mosaicism in 4 cases (1.3 %), translocations in 15 cases (4.9 %) and rare aberrations in 3 cases (1.0 %). GqGq translocations were more frequent than DqGq translocations. The remaining patients (757) had mental retardation, mostly associated with congenital defects. In 713 (94 %) of them the karyotype was normal. Excess of chromosome material was found in 17 patients, and loss of chromosome material in 14; 12 of these cases represented known autosomal syndromes. In addition, 6 balanced translocations were identified, two of them in patients with otherwise unbalanced karyotypes. Various types of sex chromosome aberrations were found in 10 patients (one of whom also had 21-trisomy). The results confirm the significant contribution of autosomal aberrations to the genesis of severe mental retardation. Sex chromosome aberrations are responsible for some of the cases of severe mental retardation.
A randomized controlled trial of a patient-accessible electronic medical record.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Legal and technologic trends are making medical records more patient-accessible. The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) stipulates that "patients must be able to see and get copies of their records, and request amendments." Medical records are more commonly being stored in electronically, and methods have been developed to share these records with patients in a secure format.1,2 Previous studies of patient-accessible medical records generally only provided limited exposure to the medical record and lacked controls for bias and confounding.3 We performed a 12-month randomized controlled trial of a patient-accessible medical record to further assess the effects of such a program.
Maximal Cardiac Output Determines 6 Minutes Walking Distance in Pulmonary Hypertension

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose: The 6 minutes walk test (6MWT) is often shown to be the best predictor of mortality in pulmonary hypertension (PH) probably because it challenges the failing heart to deliver adequate cardiac output. We hypothesised that the 6MWT elicits maximal cardiac output as measured during a maximal cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET). Methods: 18 patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (n = 12) or pulmonary arterial hypertension (n = 6) and 10 healthy subjects performed a 6MWT and CPET with measurements of cardiac output (non invasive rebreathing device) before and directly after exercise. Heart rate was measured during 6MWT with a cardiofrequence meter. Results: Cardiac output and heart rate measured at the end of the 6MWT were linearly related to 6MW distance (mean6SD: 490687 m). Patients with a high NT-pro-BNP achieve a maximum cardiac output during the 6MWT, while in normal subjects and in patients with a low-normal NT-proBNP, cardiac output at the end of a 6MWT was lower than achieved at maximum exercise during a CPET. In both cases, heart rate is the major determinant of exercise-induced increase in cardiac output. However, stroke volume increased during CPET in healthy subjects, not in PH patients. Conclusion: Maximal cardiac output is elicited by 6MWT in PH patients with failing right ventricle. Cardiac output increase is dependent on chronotropic response in patients with PH.
Novel dual damascene patterning technology for ultra low-κ dielectrics

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this article, we present a novel via-sealing-architecture (VISA) dual damascene patterning technology, featuring with immunity from PR poisoning and ash-induced degradation of porous low-k dielectrics, and planar surface topology for both via and trench lithography. Its electrical performance is demonstrated by integrating Cu and porous organosilicate glass (OSG), /spl kappa/=2.2, with 90 nm design rule and 193 nm lithography on the 300 mm wafer. The new architecture, which consists of depositing hard-mask dielectrics over the etched hole to form a sealed structure, enables this patterning technology extending to 65 nm generation and below without influenced by low-k materials and lithography technology.
Anaemia of Chronic Kidney Disease: What We Know Now

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Our understanding of the pathophysiology of the anaemia of chronic kidney disease (CKD) has improved considerably in the last decade with the discovery of the iron regulatory peptide hepcidin. Reduced clearance of hepcidin and the presence of a chronic inflammatory state contribute to elevated hepcidin levels in kidney disease. The recent discovery of the various factors and signalling pathways regulating hepcidin has opened up an exciting avenue for research into the development of newer agents that could treat anaemia of CKD. This review highlights our current understanding of iron metabolism in health, the regulators of hepcidin, issues associated with the current available therapies for the treatment of anaemia in CKD and potential novel therapies that could be available in the near future targeting the various factors that regulate hepcidin.
Remote Sensing Imagery Spatial Resolution Enhancement

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Comprehensive estimation of Earth geosystems condition by remote sensing data requires synergetic interpretation of multisensor imagery obtained in different spectral bands with different spatial resolution. Multispectral imagery useful information, as distinct from Shannon's capacity, is determined not by radiometric, but mainly by spatial resolution. At the moment, many methods for remote sensed imagery spatial resolution enhancement in segmentation, recognition, interpretation, and measurements are used to improve visual data analysis. The distortion in image radiometry is the primary disadvantage of such methods. Therefore, it is very important to provide the physical spatial resolution enhancement of multispectral imagery with radiometry preservation. In this chapter, we will focus on the general informativeness of remote sensing imagery and the associated equivalent spatial resolution of multiband images. Next, the novel technique for multispectral imagery resolution enhancement based on the reference spectra database engagement will be proposed. The radiometric signals that reallocate within image subpixels according to topological rules to enhance the overall image physical resolution will be described. Smart reallocation of land cover class patterns according to relationships and types of the nearest surrounding subpixels is a key point in this approach. Infrared remote sensing imagery has special features, so the longwave infrared remote sensed imagery resolution enhancement using superresolution of image pairs of the same scene in the frequency domain is developed. Partitioning of the frequency spectrum, connected with different physical internals of the land surface, is used to enhance spatial resolution with additional information. Lastly, the issues and open challenges of actual spatial resolution evaluating of remote sensing images will be discussed.
In Silico Pharmacokinetics Evaluation of Forgiveness for Doravirine and Rilpivirine

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the concentrations of rilpivirine (RLP) and doravirine (DOR) after 3 days-off using simulations from population pharmacokinetics models. Methods: The authors conducted a series of 500 sets of 10,000 Monte Carlo simulations to examine the steady-state conditions for 2 common dosage levels: 25 mg/d for RLP and 100 mg/d for DOR. These simulations were conducted under 2 scenarios: 1 without drug cessation and another after a 3-day break. The validity of the implementation was established through a comparison of median trough concentrations (C24h) with previously reported data. Subsequently, the proportion of simulated patients with C24h and C72h after 3 days-off (C72h/3do) that exceeded the inhibitory concentration 50 (IC50), 5.2 mcg/L for DOR and 20.5 mcg/L for RLP respectively, was calculated. The inhibitory quotient (IQ) was also computed, which was 6 times IC50 for DOR and 4.5 times IC50 for RLP. Finally, nomograms were constructed to estimate the probability of having C72h/3do > IC50 or > IQ for different ranges of C24h. Results: Simulated C24h median ± SD for RLP were 61.8 ± 0.4 mcg/L and for DOR 397 ± 0 mcg/L. For RLP, 99.3 ± 0.1% exceeded IC50 at C24h, 16.4 ± 0.4% at C72h/3do, and none surpassed the IQ threshold. In contrast, DOR had 100% ± 0% above IC50 at C24h, 93.6 ± 0.2% at C72h/3do, and 58.6 ± 0.5% exceeded the IQ. Conclusions: These findings suggest that treatment with DOR may offer a more forgiving therapeutic profile than RLP, given the larger proportion of patients achieving effective drug exposure with DOR. However, it is important to acknowledge a significant limitation of this study, namely, the assumption that drug concentration is a perfect surrogate for drug effectiveness.
A Hospital-Based Psychoacoustics Research Programme

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The p s y c h o a c o u s t i c s research programme in the Department of O t o l a r y n g o l o g y at Mount Sinai Hospital was initiated in 1976. The original focus was noise-induced hearing loss and the questions of interest were the extent to which hearing protectors retarded the progression of impairment (Abel and H a y t h o r n t h w a i t e , 1984), the reasons for the observed discrepancy between real-world and laboratory estimates of attenuation and values specified by the manufacturer (Alberti, Riko, Abel and Kristensen, 1979; Abel, Alberti and Riko, 1982), and difficulties with detection and communication encountered by users of personal hearing protectors, particularly those non­ fluent in the language of the workplace, and those with pre­ existing hearing loss (Abel, Alberti, Haythornthwaite and Riko, 1982; Abel, Kunov, Pichora-Fuller and Alberti, 1985).