jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Sintering Behaviour, Physical Properties and Environmental Assessment of Glass Foam from Waste Glass

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Glass foam, a porous material, is developed by sintering waste glass with foaming agents at high temperature, yielding chemically robust structures. However, the decomposition of foaming agents and chemical changes during sintering raises concerns about emissions during sintering and leaching from the final product. Despite various sintering methods and materials studied, their environmental impacts are not well explored. A recently introduced modified curing-sintering method was developed without the use of stabilizing chemicals, which could potentially reduce emissions and environmental impacts. However, the extent of its impact is unknown. This research studies potential emissions from materials during sintering and the heavy metal leaching from glass foams made by the newly modified sintering technique. Waste glass obtained from vehicle windshields is used as the primary raw material for glass foam preparation, supplemented by commercial fly ashes and slag as additives. Emissions from raw materials during the sintering process and the changes in chemical composition after sintering have been studied. Lastly, the heavy metals leaching possibilities from the final glass foam products have been assessed. Results reveal that the decomposition of foaming agents and organic content in raw materials leads to CO 2 emission during the sintering. Due to low-temperature sintering (800℃) and no reduction agents, alkali and metallic oxide levels remain constant post-sintering. Heavy metal concentrations are extremely low, and their immobilization during the curing-sintering process ensures that leaching stays below safe limits. Therefore, this research provides insight into the potential environmental impacts of glass foam made of waste glass. Graphical Abstract
OP24 Upper gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with chronic liver disease; a district general hospital experience

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background

Acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with cirrhosis is associated with a high complication and mortality rate. Many patients require management in the intensive care unit due to multi-organ dysfunction. Urgent treatment should be started when bleeding is suspected. This includes correction of hypovolaemia, blood product administration alongside vasopressor therapy (commonly Terlipressin). Antibiotic prophylaxis is recommended due to infection risk and has prognostic benefit. Early upper gastrointestinal endoscopy with endotherapy is recommended.

Methods

We reviewed medical records of patients with chronic liver disease who presented with gastrointestinal bleeding to our hospitals over an 8 month period. Baseline data was tabulated including gender, age and aetiology of liver disease. Patients were identified by reviewing medical admission records and were cross referenced with electronic prescriptions of Terlipressin. Presenting symptoms, endoscopic findings and location of endoscopy (emergency theatres or Endoscopy unit) were recorded. Antibiotic and Terlipressin prescriptions were reviewed.

Results

50 admissions were identified. Mean age was 48 years old (Range 34–84 years). 28 patients (55%) were male, 22 patients were female. 34 patients had an established diagnosis of chronic liver disease prior to admission. 29 (83%) had Alcohol related liver disease. Other aetiologies included metabolic associated liver disease (4 patients) and non- cirrhotic portal hypertension (2 patients). 25 patients had confirmed variceal bleeding at endoscopy. 20 of these required endoscopic therapy (18, oesophageal variceal band ligation, 2 gastric varix glue injection). All patients were treated with Terlipressin and 24 received antibiotic prophylaxis according to trust guidelines. 28 patients were considered to have a non variceal cause of bleeding at the time of endoscopy; however 19 (73%) also had endoscopic evidence of portal hypertension. Other causes of bleeding included a gastric ulcer (5 patients), duodenal ulcer (5 patients), oesophagitis (4 patients) and Mallory Weiss tear (1 patient). 7 patients died during the admission with gastrointestinal bleeding, 5 died later that year during a subsequent admission.

Conclusion

Variceal and non variceal bleeding is common in patients with chronic liver disease, and in our hospitals, the majority of patients admitted had a prior diagnosis of alcohol related liver disease. These patients were young, with a high risk of morbidity and mortality. In our experience, the majority of patients with suspected or known liver disease admitted with gastrointestinal bleeding are treated with Terlipressin and antibiotic prophylaxis. We have developed a local guideline for managing acute gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with chronic liver disease.
Malignant Primary Extradural Meningioma in Elderly Patients: Report of Two Cases and Literature Review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Primary extradural meningioma, also known as ectopic meningioma, is uncommon and represents ∼2% of all meningiomas. Malignant primary extradural meningioma is even more rare. The rarity of cases means the condition is not readily suspected or diagnosed. In this report, we present one case of primary extradural meningioma in elderly patients who presented with a scalp nodule and another highly suspected case. Both patients underwent surgical resection of the tumors. Histological study and immunostaining confirmed the diagnosis. We also conducted a literature review regarding similar cases. Surgical resection with a wide margin remains the first choice of treatment.
et al. MG53 nucleates assembly of cell membrane repair machinery.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

led to the important finding that ER stress might play a role in dysferlinopathies. A.L.M. and J.A.R. designed the study, performed the experiments, and wrote the manuscript. P.F.D. provided important technical advice for the optimization of immunoblots and assisted with the quantitative analyses of the blots. R.C.H. and J.A.R. performed the immunoelectron microscopy studies on dysferlin with excellent technical assistance from Mr. John C. Strong and Ms. Johanna C.
Impact of Change of Rural Labor Force Structure on Village Cltural Inheritance

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

With the accelerating process of urbanization,rural young labor force continues to flow into city in the underdeveloped areas of western China,so the rural labor structure is in an unbalanced state and takes great challenge to the normal operation of the rural social and cultural life.Through in-depth case analysis of the Li village in Guanzhong area,it is found that the change of rural labor force structure has taken an important impact on the mechanism of village cultural inheritance,resulting in an unsustainable situation for village cultural heritage.Based on this,it is recommended to strengthen the organizational capacity of village-level organizations in the village cultural inheritance,to encourage the establishment of the cultural organization for the left-behind women,and to attatch great importance to the cultural poverty alleviation to rebuild the village cultural space.
TERRORISM: A GRIM CHALLENGE TO SOCIAL SCIENCES

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

It was concluded in the literature that military is merely a symptom of underlying political difficulties, a neutral force, which mechanically moves into the political area when a vacuum is created. Armed forces took control over the political management only in those economies where magnitude of military power was greater in relation with the 'size of economy- a higher defense expenditure to GDP ratio lead the control of political management by armed forces.
Application of in vitro Citrus Plants to Environmental Preservation. Part 2. Optimization of Micropropagation of Suntara Orange (Citrus reticulata BLANCO) by Cost Simulation.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Optimization of micropropagation procedure in suntara orange (Citrus reticulata) was examined by a combination of experimentation and cost simulation. Initially, 20 seeds were cultured in modified Murashige and Skoog's medium for 42 days. Excised single shoots from seed cultures were sub-cultured in modified Murashige and Skoog's medium containing 1 μM BAP, 1 μM IBA, 1.5g/l Gellun gum, and 30g/l sucrose every 28 days. Single shoots were then cultured in modified Murashige and Skoog's medium containing 5 μM IBA for 21 days. Regenerated plants were acclimated in a plastic bag containing 125-ml soil for 10 days. Micropropagation of suntara orange was established through plant regeneration without disorganizing the state. Unit production cost of in vitro plant was calculated to be 76.6 yen at 10, 000 level production. This cost is about 46% of the original cost based on the experimentation and about 60% of the first simulation cost. So, the production cost was remarkably reduced by the present procedure.Further improvement on the present production procedure was examined by cost simulation and the results showed that production cost could be reduced to 68 yen.The present result suggests that cost simulation is useful to optimize the production procedure. The usefulness of cost simulation in the improvement of micropropagation procedure and related subjects are also discussed.
Corrosion Inhibition Effect of Diospyros blancoi (Velvet Apple) Acid Leaf Extracts on Mild Steel in Acidic Medium

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Mild steel has excellent applicability to structures that provide many benefits to man. On the other hand, exposure to chemical reactions including corrosion leads to their degradation. Thus, minimizing the effect of such phenomenon (corrosion) is needed (since it is a natural process). This study aimed to determine the corrosion inhibition of Diospyros blancoi (velvet apple) acid leaf extract on mild steel in an acidic medium. Further, it determines the concentration at which D. blancoi acid leaf extract (DbAE) performs best in corrosion inhibition parameters. Acidic environment immersion was done on mild steel sheets on treatments with different DbAE concentrations (5%, 10% and 15%). Weight loss was the factor determined to determine the inhibition efficiency of the DbAE concentrations and the corrosion rate of the mild steels. Results showed that the inhibition efficiency is highest and the corrosion rate of mild steel is lowest at 15% DbAE concentration. It is recommended that sophisticated facility/ equipment be used to determine the effect of DbAE on the physical and chemical components of mild steel. Also, the production of D. blancoi must be done since the potential anticorrosion impact of this plant species has been determined.
Computer Manikins in Evaluation of Manual Assembly Tasks

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Digital human modelling (DHM) tools have been introduced in industry to facilitate a faster and more cost efficient design process. The research in this thesis is directed towards the DHM-tool-users’ needs and the objective is to identify difficulties and shortcomings, and identify requirements for improving the output of DHM-simulations.The research is directed towards both the tool functions and the processes related to the use of the tools. Five studies are presented in the thesis.In the first study three examples of the development of DHM-based company-specific ergonomics evaluation methods and work processes are portrayed. These illustrate the use of DHM-tools for performing static work and occupant packaging analyses, as well as customizing activities made for the implementation of the tools in companies’ work processes. This is followed by a discussion of future needs of DHM-tools including the call for ergonomics methods for evaluating full work cycles.The second study shows that DHM-tools correctly predict ergonomics issues for standing and unconstrained working postures. However, for more complex and constrained working postures the tools must be used with caution to prevent an unlikely working posture from being the result/outcome of an ergonomics simulation. The third study confirms that posture differences are found in simulation results between users who carry out identical simulation cases. However, humans are different and tasks are carried out differently. Thus, simulation engineers should preferably simulate and visualize a number of different strategies when analysing work tasks. The fourth study illustrates how the appearance of a manikin used when showing and visually evaluating ergonomics conditions makes a difference. Knowledge in ergonomics and/or experience of making visual ergonomics posture evaluations decreases the appearance modes’ influences on the observers. The fifth study exemplifies a method where time sensitive wrist exposure data are extracted from a manikin’s wrist movements. The results show that the exemplified method makes it easy to compare simulations with data from avaliable field studies. However, to be able to use the data to predict prevalence for work-related musculoskeletal disorders additional research is needed to understand the different exposure-dimensions’ (position, velocity, rest) importance as epidemiological risk factors.
Effect of urinary kallidinogenase for injection on neurological function and serum matrix metalloproteinase 9 in patients with acute cerebral infarction

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To investigate the effect of urinary kallidinogenase for injection on neurological function and serum matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) in patients with cerebral infarction.Methods Ninety patients of acute cerebral infarction were divided into observation group and control group by random digits table with 45 cases each.The control group was treated with conventional therapy.The observation group was treated with conventional therapy and additional urinary kallidinogenase for injection treatment,0.15 PNA U/day,for 10 days.National institutes of health stroke scale (NIHSS) score and Barthel index (BI) score were used to evaluate the neurological impairment and the abilities of activities of daily living.The serum MMP-9 levels was tested by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.The treatment outcome,NIHSS score,BI score and serum MMP-9 level were compared.Results The total effective rate in observation group [ 88.9％ (40/45) ] was higher than that in control group [ 71.1％ (32/45) ],and there was significant difference (P ＜ 0.05).NIHSS score after 3 months treatment was decreased and BI score was increased compared with before treatment in two groups,and there were significant differences(P＜ 0.05).NIHSS score after 3 months treatment in observation group [ (6.56 ± 0.74) scores] was lower than that in control group [ (9.06 ± 0.87 ) scores ],and there was significant difference (P ＜ 0.05 ).BI score after 3 months treatment in observation group [ (79.98 ± 7.32) scores ] was higher than that in control group [ (72.57 ± 6.95 ) scores ],and there was significant difference (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with before treatment,the serum MMP-9 level after 10 days treatment was significantly decreased in two groups (P＜ 0.05 ).The serum MMP-9 level after 10 days treatment in observation group[ ( 187.58 ± 14.52) ng/L] was lower than that in control group[ (238.89 ± 17.48 ) ng/L ] with significant difference (P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusions Urinary kallidinogenase for injection can significantly improve neurological function in patients with cerebral infarction,significantly decrease serum MMP-9 levels.It has good effect and high clinical value.

Key words:
Matrix metalloproteinase 9; Brain infarction; Urinary kallidinogenase
Instructing Literary Practice in The Shepherd of Hermas

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This chapter explores an early second-century text: The Shepherd of Hermas. This text was part of the Codex Sinaiticus, the fundamental Bible manuscript of the fourth century with the siglum Aleph. In its biographical dimension, the text describes a religious practice. It formulates the mode of its reception through multiple references to distribution and writing. Writing the text is therefore described as part of the religious practice of the narrator and protagonist called “Hermas.” This is not about a unique action. The text may in fact, in its different layers, reflect the work of several years and multiple attempts to convey the visionary insights, primarily, in the additions and corrections necessitated by the author's patron. The resulting text invited its audience to engage in individual religious practice and offered itself for appropriation by any of those in situations that are not described as entirely hopeless.
Occurrence of concurrent `orthogonal' polarization modes in the Lienard-Wichert field of a rotating superluminal source

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We evaluate the Lienard-Wiechert field of a rotating superluminal point source numerically and show that this radiation field has the following intrinsic characteristics. (i) It is sharply focused along a narrow, rigidly rotating spiral-shaped beam that embodies the cusp of the envelope of the emitted wave fronts. (ii) It consists of either one or three concurrent polarization modes (depending on the relative positions of the observer and the cusp) that constitute contributions to the field from differing retarded times. (iii) Two of the modes are comparable in strength at both edges of the signal and dominate over the third everywhere except in the middle of the pulse. (iv) The position angle of the total field swings across the beam by as much as 180$^\circ$. (v) The position angles of its two dominant modes remain approximately orthogonal throughout their excursion across the beam. Given the fundamental nature of the Lienard-Wiechert field, the coincidence of these characteristics with those of the radio emission that is received from pulsars is striking.
Association of physio-morphological traits in back cross inbred lines for yield under drought stress in varied environmental condition

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Two sets of BILs derived from two crosses viz., ADT(R) 45 x Apo with drought QTLs qDTY 1.1,3.1 and 4.1 and ADT(R) 45 x Way Rarem with qDTY 12.1 and their parental lines ADT (R) 45, Apo and Way Rarem were evaluated in an irrigated (EI) as well as two drought environments (EII and EIII). Association studies revealed, predominant association and high direct and indirect dependency of NPT, PL, GPP, SFP with SPY in both stress and non-stress environments. Whereas, association of physiological traits viz., LS, LD, LR and DRS showed negative and significant relationship with grain yield in both the moisture stress environments. In spite of huge variations observed between the irrigated and drought environments, the BILs carrying QTLs have registered less reduction in yield and other contributory traits like PL, NPT, SFP and 1000 GW when exposed to stressed environments.
Tunable cloaking of Mexican-hat confined states in bilayer silicene

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We present the ballistic quantum transport of a p-n-p bilayer silicene junction in the presence of spin-orbit coupling and electric field using a four-band model in combination with the transfer-matrix approach. A Mexican-hat shape of the low-energy spectrum is observed similarly to bilayer graphene under an interlayer bias. We show that while bilayer silicene shares some physics with bilayer graphene, it has many intriguing phenomena that have not been reported for the latter. First, the confined state producing a significantly non-zero transmission in Mexican hat. Second, the cloaking of the Mexican-hat confined state is found. Third, we observe that the Mexican-hat cloaking results in a strong oscillation of conductance when the incident energy is below the potential height. Finally, unlike monolayer silicene, the conductance at large interlayer distances increases with the rise of electric field when the incident energy is above the potential height.
Supplementary Figures S1-S3 from Vaccination with Polyclonal Antibody Stimulator (PAS) Prevents Pancreatic Carcinogenesis in the KRAS Mouse Model

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<p>Supplementary Figures: Figure S1. Representative H&E histology of pancreas from LSL-KrasG12D/+; P48-Cre mouse at three months of age shows that PanIN lesions are present at this age when the PASvaccination was initiated. Figure S2. Immunohistochemistry for macrophages in the pancreas extracellular matrix stained with F4/80 (1:40). Figure S3. CCK-B receptor expression in the LSL-KrasG12D/+; P48-Cre mouse pancreas</p>
A new method allowing long‐term potentiation recordings in hippocampal organotypic slices

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract Background Hippocampal organotypic slices are used to improve the understanding of synaptic plasticity mechanisms because they allow longer term studies compared to acute slices. However, it is more delicate to keep cultures alive in the recording system outside in vitro conditions. Experiments from the organotypic cultures are common but the handling of slices is rarely described in the literature, even though tissue preservation is crucial. Instruments are sometimes required to extract the slices from the culture inserts but this approach is delicate and can lead to damage, given how strongly the slices are attached to the insert. Methods A new configuration is proposed to secure the transfer of slices from the incubator to the recording chamber through an adaptor piece that can be designed for any model of chamber and/or insert. The adaptor is a Plexiglas ring in which a culture insert containing the slice can be easily introduced and stabilized. This system allows slices to be placed in the interface for electrophysiological investigations without having to detach them from the insert. That way, no damage is caused and the recording system can safely hold the slices, maintaining them close to culture conditions. Results In addition to the description of the adaptation system, slices were characterized. Their viability was validated and microglial expression was observed. According to the experimental conditions, neuroprotective ramified microgliocytes are present. Dendritic spines studies were also performed to determine neuronal network maturity in culture. Moreover, SKF 83822 hydrobromide and three trains of 100 pulses at 100 Hz with a 10‐min inter‐train interval are suggested to induce long‐term potentiation and to record an increase of fEPSP amplitude and slope. Conclusion This paper provides detailed information on the preparation and characterization of hippocampal organotypic slices, a new recording configuration more suitable for cultures, and a long‐term potentiation protocol combining SKF and trains.