jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Online Self-Assessment on Learning Outcomes and Self-Assessment Skills Among Grade 11 Students in Vietnam

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The application of information technology to self-assessment has received a lot of attention in recent years. Several previous studies have discovered a positive relationship between online self-assessment and academic performance. This study aimed to confirm the relationship between online self-assessment and learning outcomes and self-assessment skills among grade 11 students in Vietnam. With a total of 160 students, this research had been designed as quasi-experimental. The two groups did the self-assessment in different ways over the six weeks of impact implementation. To perform an online self-assessment, the intervention group employed interactive online exercises that delivered instant feedback on Liveworksheets. Throughout this period, the control group engaged in traditional self-assessment. The study found that the intervention group’s final test scores (7.7) were higher than the control group’s (6.3), and their self-assessment skills were more developed at the end of the study. The study confirms the positive relationship between online self-assessment and learning outcomes and self-assessment skills among grade 11 students in Vietnam. The findings suggest that online interactive exercises with immediate feedback can improve learning outcomes and that regular online self-assessment can enhance students’ self-assessment skills. Conceptually, this study contributes to the growing body of research on the application of information technology in education and gives insight into the potential of online self-assessment as a promising tool to promote student learning and development. The results of this study can serve as early data to investigate the effectiveness of online self-assessment in diverse educational settings.
[The effect of a paravertebral novocaine block on acid formation in the stomach].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The dependence of acid-formation in the stomach on the blockade of sympathetic innervation of the acid-formation area was investigated in 38 patients in whom the paravertebral novocaine blockade was made at the ThVII-ThIX level in order to cup off the pain syndrome. The control group included 7 patients without diseases of the organs of the hepato-pancreatico-duodenal zone. This blockade was found to sharply increase the basal acid-formation in healthy people. In patients with the high acid-formation it leads to greater elevation of acidity. It was shown that the disturbed functional balance between two parts of the vegetative nervous system responsible for the acid-formation function of the stomach was one of the causes of higher acid formation in patients with peptic ulcer of the gastroenterostomy and with chronic ulcer of the duodenum. It seems to be reasonable to investigate disturbances of the function of sympathetic innervation of the acid-formation area of the stomach for determining the optimum volume of surgical interventions in such patients.
Adapting patient and public involvement in patient‐oriented methods research: Reflections in a Canadian setting during COVID‐19

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Processes of the patient and public involvement (PPI) in health research shifted quickly during 2020. Faced with large‐scale issues, such as the COVID‐19 pandemic, the need to adapt processes of PPI to uphold commitments to nurturing the practice of ‘nothing about us without us’ in research has been urgent and profound. We describe how processes of PPI in research on patient‐oriented methods of knowledge translation and implementation science were adapted by four teams in a Canadian setting. Methods As part of an ongoing quality improvement self‐study to enhance PPI within these teams, team members shared their experiences of PPI in the context of this pivotal year during interviews and facilitated discussions. Drawing on these experiences, we outline challenges and reflections for adapting processes of PPI in health research on methods in times of urgency, conflict and fast‐moving change. Discussion Our reflections offer insight into common issues encountered across teams that may be amplified during times of rapid change, including handling change and uncertainty, sustaining relationship‐building and hearing differing perspectives in processes of PPI. Conclusion These learnings present an opportunity to help others active in or planning patient‐oriented methods research to reflect on the changing nature of PPI and how to adapt PPI processes in response to turbulent situations in the future.
Do millennials value travel time differently because of productive multitasking? A revealed-preference study of Northern California commuters

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Millennials, the demographic cohort born in the last two decades of the twentieth century, are reported to adopt information and communication technologies (ICTs) in their everyday lives, including travel, to a greater extent than older generations. As ICT-driven travel-based multitasking influences travelers’ experience and satisfaction in various ways, millennials are expected to be affected at a greater scale. Still, to our knowledge, no previous studies have specifically focused on the impact of travel multitasking on travel behavior and the value of travel time (VOTT) of young adults. To address this gap, we use an original dataset collected among Northern California commuters ( N = 2216) to analyze the magnitude and significance of individual and household-level factors affecting commute mode choice. We estimate a revealed-preference mode choice model and investigate the differences between millennials and older adults in the sample. Additionally, we conduct a sensitivity analysis to explore how incorporation of explanatory factors such as attitudes and propensity to multitask while traveling in mode choice models affects coefficient estimates, VOTT, and willingness to pay to use a laptop on the commute. Compared to non-millennials, the mode choice of millennials is found to be less affected by socio-economic characteristics and more strongly influenced by the activities performed while traveling. Young adults are found to have lower VOTT than older adults for both in-vehicle (15.0% less) and out-of-vehicle travel time (15.7% less), and higher willingness to pay (in time or money) to use a laptop, even after controlling for demographic traits, personal attitudes, and the propensity to multitask. This study contributes to better understanding the commuting behavior of millennials, and the factors affecting it, a topic of interest to transportation researchers, planners, and practitioners.
Making breathing your business: enterprising practices at the margins of orthodoxy

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Over the last 30 years there has been a gradual but nonetheless significant shift in the political economy of healthcare in developed countries. The health reforms that have accompanied this shift have had a significant impact upon medicine, nursing and a number of other orthodox health professions, but to date, little work has been done to explore the changing nature of physiotherapy practice. This study draws on Foucault's notion of governmentality to explore the enterprising practices of a new physiotherapy clinic established in Auckland, New Zealand. Drawing on a critical history of respiratory physiotherapy, which had previously been firmly anchored within the public health sector, we show that the actions and practices of the clinic's staff are testing the margins of orthodox physiotherapy practice and exploring the new market possibilities offered by consumer demand for optimal health. The study explores how the physiotherapists at the clinic are problematizing the practices, clinical spaces and clientele associated with orthodox practice, and, most notably, commodifying breathing, to create a space within which it is possible to think about physiotherapy otherwise. This study builds on the instability now surrounding the orthodox health professions and asks if exemplars like that offered in this article provide some meaningful insights into the future for healthcare practice.
Commonplace Viewing and Depth Discrimination

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Measures of commonplace depth discrimination were obtained at observation distances of 200, 750, and 1500 feet in an Arctic area over flat terrain. Comparisons were made with similar measures taken over four different kinds of terrain (including an airstrip) in a desert area and with similar data reported by other investigators.The results indicate that within a range of 100 to 3000 feet the standard deviation (precision) of depth discrimination is related to observation distance (D) approximately as the function, D1.35. Within the same range the associated binocular image disparity decreases approximately as D−0.65. It is suggested that for commonplace viewing the angle of disparity is better conceived of as a measure of relative depth acuity rather than of stereoscopic acuity.The results also suggest that under the conditions studied commonplace depth acuity is 95–100% finer than stereoscopic acuity alone, binocular acuity is only slightly, if at all, superior to monocular acuity, and that the qualities of the terrain such as its texture have little or no effect. It was concluded that stereoscopic vision makes only a slight contribution to the precision of depth discrimination although it may be very important in producing a feeling or effect of depth. The hypothesis was put forth that vernier acuity is the major basis for commonplace depth discrimination.
Action of estrogen and adrenocorticoids on adenocarcinoma induction by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine in male rats.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Groups of male Sprague-Dawley rats at 39 days of age, were injected s.c. with estradiol benzoate (15 micrograms/kg), cortisone acetate (2.5 mg/kg) and deoxycorticosterone acetate (10.0 mg/kg) in peanut oil, the controls receiving the oil vehicle on days 1 and 3 and weekly thereafter for a total of 32 injections. 1,2-Dimethylhydrazine was administered s.c. weekly after the 1st 2 drug doses, the dosage as base being 9.0 mg/kg for the 1st 7 injections, then 19.4 mg/kg for the last 13 dosages. The rats were killed 31 weeks after the 1st DMH injection. The changes in animal condition at necropsy were moderate to extreme in half of the rats and all survived the 20 DMH injection-schedule; mortality was low per group but elevated with the deoxycorticosterone acetate treatment (40%). Essentially all rats displayed colon adenocarcinomas and the total frequency and the number in the proximal and distal portions were in the control ranges except for the statistically significant decrements in overall and distal colon numbers for the estrogen-treated group and possibly, near-significance in case of the cortisone acetate-injected rats. Small intestinal adenocarcinomas which were more prevalent in the upper areas occurred among the groups. As based on the current findings with estrogen, the trend was in the direction of an inhibiting effect on DMH tumorigenesis in contrast to a stimulatory response reported for androgenized males.
Coupled lateral-torsional vibration of a rotor system trained by gears. 5th report Comparison with the experimental results.

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

There are many papers which deal with the vibrations of a geared-rotor system, but there are few which consider coupled lateral and torsional vibration. However, an analysis of the coupled vibration is important for reducing vibratios. This paper presents the experimental results of the vibrations of the geared-rotor system constructed by a pair of spur gears, and the results are compared with the theoretical results obtained form analysis of the coupled lateral and torsional vibration. In the response of angular acceleration in the gears, there are some resonant peaks caused by excitation relating to the mesh frequency. Also, some other resonances apear in the response of the lateral and torsional vibrations caused by mesh frequency excitation. These experimental results qualitatively coincide with the theoretical ones obtained from the analysis of the coupled vibration. Moreover, the tooth profile modification acts effectively on the vibrations of the geared-rotor system.
A dibasic motif involved in parathyroid hormone-induced down-regulation of the type IIa NaPi cotransporter

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Type II NaPi cotransporters are expressed in the apical membrane of P i -(re)absorbing epithelia: the type IIa in renal proximal tubule and the type IIb in small intestine. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) leads to a retrieval from the apical membrane of the type IIa NaPi cotransporter. The type IIa cotransporter is also expressed in opossum kidney (OK) cells, and its expression is under the control of PTH. In the present study, we identified the molecular “domains” involved in the PTH-induced retrieval of the type IIa NaPi cotransporter. Wild-type mouse type IIa (mIIa) and type IIb (mIIb) as well as several mIIa-mIIb chimeras and site-directed mutants were fused to the enhanced green fluorescent protein and transfected into OK cells. We found that mIIa but not mIIb was internalized and degraded after incubation with 1–34 (or 3–34) PTH. Using chimeras, we found that the N and C termini were not required in this effect, whereas a “domain” located between residues 216 and 658 seemed to be necessary. This region contains two putative intracellular loops with highly conserved sequences between mIIa and mIIb; in the last intracellular loop, two charged amino acids of type IIa (K 503 R 504 ) are replaced by uncharged residues in type IIb (N 520 I 521 ). We generated two mutants in which these residues were interchanged: mIIaNI and mIIbKR. Similarly to mIIa, the mIIbKR mutant was endocytosed in response to 1–34 PTH; in contrast, mIIaNI behaved as mIIb and was not internalized. In conclusion, a dibasic amino acid motif (K 503 R 504 ) located in the last intracellular loop of the type IIa NaPi cotransporter is essential for its PTH-induced retrieval.
Obstruktive Schlafapnoe: Klinische Charakteristika und Ressourcennutzung von Patienten in Notaufnahmen

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: This study investigates the differences between patients with and without obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in U.S. emergency departments (EDs), focusing on demographics, resource utilization, clinical characteristics, and outcomes. Methods: Using data from the 2016-2017 National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey Emergency Department Subfile (NHAMCS-ED), we analyzed adult ED visits. Patients were classified as having OSA based on documented diagnoses or ICD-10-CM codes. Outcomes included hospital and ICU admission rates, medical resource utilization (e.g., imaging, blood tests), and mortality. Logistic regression was used to adjust for confounders. Results: OSA accounted for approximately 5,985,955 (2.8%) annual ED visits. Compared to non-OSA patients, those with OSA were more likely to be male (adjusted OR: 1.34, 95% CI: 1.14-1.57) and older, with the highest prevalence in the 60-74 age group. OSA patients were more likely to visit for respiratory (16.4% vs. 10.1%) and cardiovascular symptoms (3.5% vs. 2.1%). They required higher levels of care, with elevated hospital (30.3% vs. 13.7%, adjusted OR: 1.27, 95% CI: 1.03-1.58). Resource use was significantly higher, including blood tests (75.0% vs. 54.9%, adjusted OR: 1.58, 95% CI: 1.26-1.98) and imaging (73.1% vs. 53.9%, adjusted OR: 1.30, 95% CI: 1.07-1.59).
Evaluation of the Functional and Non-functional Seat Sponge Effect in Sitting Chairs

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate comfort levels of functional and non-functional chairs using subjective comfort rating, interface pressure measurement, muscle activity measurement, and skin temperature measurement.
Background: Chairs are used for a prolonged period of time for sitting in many places such as the office, at university, at school, in industry, and so on. Almost all people use chairs in their everyday life. The functional properties of the chair are associated with comfort.
Method: The subjective evaluation contains questions regarding chair comfort which can be rated with five point scale. The body-seat interface pressure was measured using a pressure mat system. The symmetry of sitting was measured using electromyography. The change in body part (thigh and buttock) temperature before and after sitting on a chair was measured with an infrared camera.
Results: Participants rated significantly (p < 0.05) higher comfort scores for the functional chair in relation to the buttock and thigh region. Also, the participants felt a better cushion effect in the functional chair. When using the functional chair, lower interface pressure, better thermal comfort, and better symmetry of erector spinae muscle activity were observed.
Conclusion: Overall, interface pressure measurement, muscle activity measurement, thermal imaging and subjective comfort score results showed that the functional chair was more comfortable than the non-functional chair.
Application: The adopted methodologies could be used to measure the seating comfort of train seats.
Fronting of Nondirect Arguments and Adverbial Focus Marking on the Verb in Classical Yucatec

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Classical Yucatec Maya has two different sets of inflection: unmarked and marked verb forms. When a nondirect argument—an adverbially functioning word or phrase—is fronted to a preverbal position, the verb appears in a marked form. The marked verb forms in question show split ergative morphology, which is controlled by both aspect and person. Since adverbially functioning words and phrases are the same in form as nonadverbial adjectives, nouns, past participles etc., I argue that adverbial function is marked on the verb. Unlike other Mayan languages, which have invariant verbal suffixes for fronted nondirect arguments, Classical Yucatec employs a complete set of aspectual markers to signal the adverbial function of a fronted constituent. I propose that the strategy of marking adverbial function on the verb is available to Classical Yucatec because it is a head‐marking language, where markers tend to appear on heads rather than dependents.
Sauropod neural canals are weird, part 1: when the neural arch, um, isn't one

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Here's a dorsal vertebra of Camarasaurus in anterior view (from Ostrom &amp; McIntosh 1966, modified by Wilson &amp; Sereno 1998). It is one of the most disturbing things I have ever seen in a sauropod. It makes my skin crawl.
Multivariate Standard Addition Cobalt Electrochemistry Data Fusion for Determining Phosphate Concentration in Hydroponic Solution

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Phosphate is one of the major elements affecting agricultural production. The accurate determination of phosphate concentration essential for plant growth, especially in a hydroponics system, allows regulating the balanced and suitable range set of nutrients to plants efficiently. This study proposed a data fusion model based on 70 samples for calibration and 30 samples for predicting concentrations of phosphate in an eggplant nutrient solution. Three multivariate analysis methods i.e. partial least squares model (PLS), Gaussian process regression (GPR), and artificial neural network (ANN) were studied and compared for their performance efficiencies. The results showed that combining the multivariate standard addition method (MSAM) in acquiring data from cobalt electrodes and ANN data fusion model came up with satisfactory outcomes. Both the method provided good performance with R2 values of 0.98 and 0.96, and the root mean square error (RMSE) of 50 and 66 mg. L-1 respectively in calibration and evaluation tests. These values were much higher than those of conventional processing techniques. Moreover, the normal direct calibration method in acquisition signal from cobalt electrodes was also applied, which provided R2 values of 0.7 to 0.8. These high values are sufficient for development to measure phosphate concentration in hydroponic solutions.
An Equal Seat at the Table: Exploring Videoconferencing with Shared Spatial Context combined with 3D Video Representations

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Work video meetings in the traditional grid interface have inclusion, effectiveness, and fatigue problems, due in part to the difficulty of directing or communicating attention. Virtual 3D meeting spaces have value, but representing people in them is a challenge. Avatars face resistance, and 2D video is limited to near-frontal views, constraining the spatial layout. We present a novel experimental system for virtual meeting rooms that predicts 3D video of users in real-time from a standard webcam, positions them in a shared 3D space, and renders a controllable first-person view. We report study results comparing this system to a traditional grid, and to 2D video of people in the same 3D space. While spatial layouts fared better in terms of attention and co-presence, the traditional grid was more comfortable and professional. This is likely due to unsettled 3D design, the need for manual control, and a preference for the familiar.
Teat spraying prior to calving may reduce the risk of heifer mastitis caused by Streptococcus uberis

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Heifer mastitis caused by Streptococcus uberis is a significant problem for New Zealand dairy farmers. The mechanisms of infection in the pre-partum period have not been fully elucidated but prior research has established that the teats of dairy cows are contaminated with significantly higher numbers of S. uberis during the dry period as compared to during lactation. It is hypothesised that gross teat-end contamination by these bacteria before calving is a significant risk factor for the entry of bacteria through the teat canal and establishment of infection. Regular disinfection of the teats in the dry period was evaluated as a means to reduce teat-end contamination and consequently to decrease the likelihood of glands developing an infection. Two groups of 27 heifers were assigned to either a ‘sprayed’ or ‘not-sprayed’ treatment. The sprayed heifers were teat-sprayed with a commercial iodine-based post-milking teat sanitizer three times a week for the last three weeks before calving. Before commencement of the experiment, teat-ends were swabbed to determine pre-existing contamination with S. uberis, which averaged 610 colony-forming units (cfu). Prior to calving, S. uberis counts on teat-ends were 560 cfu for the sprayed group and 1775 cfu for the non-sprayed group (p = 0.06). Bacteriology of milk from each gland at the first milking showed that 4% of glands of the sprayed heifers were infected with S. uberis compared with 11% for the non-sprayed heifers (p < 0.05). At the first herd test, heifers in the sprayed group had a lower SCC (380,000 cells/ml) compared to the non-sprayed group (790,000 cells/ml), although due to the small size of the study, this difference was not significant. It was concluded that teat-spraying in the dry period could reduce teat-end contamination and consequently the proportion of glands infected by S. uberis at calving.