jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Smart City Transport Updater

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The rapid growth in population and increase in energy demand caused a great increase in people using public transport. While public transport is cheap and affordable, the probability of finding a bus or train is quite uncertain. This work introduces an innovative approach of a digital transport updater, that gives information about the local buses and their timings. It also tells the pricing and the last bus service on a particular route. This model also acts as a digital bulletin system for tracking bus numbers and routes. It also enables the provision of digital ticketing. This system allows users and commuters to have smooth and comfortable bus rides without any hassle and provides an SOS service along with digital ticketing. This is modeled using AVR Atmega 328p8 Bit Controller, and a loyalty card system is used to avail all of the services.
A Short-Range to Early-Medium-Range Ensemble Prediction System for the European Area

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

An ensemble prediction system, especially designed for the short to early-medium range for the European domain, is presented. The initial perturbations of each ensemble are based on singular vectors that maximize the 3-day total energy error growth above the European area and the northern Atlantic. In total, a set of 51 ensembles, each consisting of 51 members, has been integrated, comprising 28 winter cases in 1996 and 1997, 2 spring, and 21 autumn cases in 1997. The impact on performance, relative to the operational ensemble prediction system at ECMWF, appears to be modest for the winter set. However, for the combined spring and autumn set, the impact is significantly positive, especially for rare (extreme) events of large-scale precipitation, 2-m temperature, 10-m wind speed, and the pressure at mean sea level. For the targeted ensembles, the situation that a complete ensemble misses an extreme event occurs much less than for the operational ensemble system. As a result, the range of cost–loss ratios for which a user has benefit is larger. The benefit of the targeted ensembles is maximal between days 2 and 3. For this range in spring–autumn, an ensemble system consisting of a subset of 21 targeted members performs comparable to the 51-member operational ensemble prediction system (EPS), when evaluated for the same area of interest. The spread within a targeted ensemble prediction system (TEPS) is somewhat larger than within the EPS ensembles. However, both systems appear to be underdispersive for large-scale precipitation, 2-m temperature, and 10-m wind speed. Only for mean sea level pressure is the spread of the TEPS ensemble, on average, comparable to the magnitude of the forecast error of the ensemble mean between days 2 and 3.5.
Money, rituals, and self-control: essays on consumer behaviour

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The present thesis focuses on three topics within the domain of consumer behavior: self-regulation, the psychological consequences of money, and consumption rituals. The first chapter, devoted to self-regulation, presents a new moderator for the ego depletion effect: velocity feedback. Velocity feedback refers to the perceived speed at which a goal is attained. Three laboratory experiments show that fast velocity feedback can prevent the ego depletion effect and that slower-than-expected velocity feedback can create the ego depletion effect. The second chapter, devoted to the psychological consequences of money, explores the surprising relationship between reminders of money abundance and life meaningfulness. Two laboratory experiments show that individuals who have been reminded of money report having a more meaningful life. This relationship is shown to be fully mediated by self-esteem. The third chapter, devoted to consumption rituals, explores the effect of sharing a consumption ritual on interpersonal attraction. Two laboratory experiments show that when people follow a consumption ritual, they evaluate others who follow the same ritual more positively: an appreciation effect. The appreciation effect was found to be partially mediated by one's feelings of pride, and moderated by whether the target person enjoys the product associated to the ritual.
CLAVICULAR NON-UNION

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: The aim of the study was to review the treatment of twenty six patients who had non union of a fracture or osteotomy of the clavicle, with specific attention to the complications of the non union, the techniques used at operation and the outcome of treatment. Material: There were twenty six patients with clavicular non union. Twenty two patients treated by open reduction and internal fixation, three with partial resection of the clavicle and one with total resection. Results: The average follow up was 23.4 months. Twenty patients were led to union. Thirteen patients were pain free, whereas the rest had some mild pain. Normal shoulder mobility was noted in fourteen patients. In two patients was necessary to resect the first rib because of symptoms of thoracic outlet syndrome. Conclusion: Clavicular non-union can cause major functional problems, requiring treatment. Careful evaluation is mandatory in order to decide if the non union is amenable to reconstruction procedure or to salvage operation or to non treatment.
Differential Inhibition by Oxygen Radicals of Vasoactive Amines-Induced Contractions in the Porcine Coronary Artery

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an important role in normal metabolic and signaling processes. Excess ROS, however, can cause severe cardiovascular damage. Thus, the present study was designed to examine effects of H(2)O(2) and xanthine plus xanthin oxidase (X/XO) on the serotonin (5HT), histamine (His) and acetylcholine (ACh)-induced contractions of porcine coronary arteries. In addition, to explore the site of ROS formation and species of it, the inhibitory effects of edaravone and EDTA were also tested. 5HT- and His-induced contractions were suppressed by H(2)O(2) and X/XO treatment. However, these suppressions of ACh-induced contraction by H(2)O(2) treatment was relatively weak and X/XO treatment caused no suppression on ACh-induced contraction. In the presence of edaravone which is thought to be a scavenger for .OH, significant decrease of inhibition of 5HT- and His-induced contractions was observed when coronary artery strips were treated with X/XO, but not H(2)O(2). On the other hand, inhibitory effects by EDTA treatments were also observed in X/XO treatments. These results suggest that 1) ROSs produced by additions of H(2)O(2) or X/XO are considered to be responsible for several physiological functions of coronary artery contractions, 2) the site of ROS produced by X/XO system, probably .OH, was outside the cell, but the inhibitory action of H(2)O(2), was inside the cell, and 3) a low susceptibility of ACh-induced contraction to H(2)O(2) and X/XO may indicates the signal transduction pathway(s) of ACh-induced contraction is different from those of 5HT and His.
Evidence\nof Mn-Ion Structural Displacements Correlated\nwith Oxygen Vacancies in La<sub>0.7</sub>Sr<sub>0.3</sub>MnO<sub>3</sub> Interfacial Dead Layers

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The properties of\nhalf-metallic manganite thin films depend on\nthe composition and structure in the atomic scale, and consequently,\ntheir potential functional behavior can only be based on fine structure\ncharacterization. By combining advanced transmission electron microscopy,\nelectron energy loss spectroscopy, density functional theory calculations,\nand multislice image simulations, we obtained evidence of a 7 nm-thick\ninterface layer in La<sub>0.7</sub>Sr<sub>0.3</sub>MnO<sub>3</sub> (LSMO) thin films, compatible with the formation of well-known dead\nlayers in manganites, with an elongated out-of-plane lattice parameter\nand structural and electronic properties well distinguished from the\nbulk of the film. We observed, for the first time, a structural shift\nof Mn ions coupled with oxygen vacancies and a reduced Mn valence\nstate within such layer. Understanding the correlation between oxygen\nvacancies, the Mn oxidation state, and Mn-ion displacements is a prerequisite\nto engineer the magnetotransport properties of LSMO thin films.
Discrete Painlevé equations from singularity patterns: The asymmetric trihomographic case

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We derive the discrete Painlevé equations associated with the affine Weyl group E8(1) that can be represented by an (in the Quispel-Roberts-Thompson sense) “asymmetric” trihomographic system. The method used in this paper is based on singularity confinement. We start by obtaining all possible singularity patterns for a general asymmetric trihomographic system and discard those patterns that cannot lead to confined singularities. Working with the remaining ones, we implement the confinement conditions and derive the corresponding discrete Painlevé equations, which involve two variables. By eliminating either of these variables we obtain a “symmetric” equation. Examining all these equations of a single variable, we find that they coincide exactly with those derived in previous works of ours, thereby establishing the completeness of our results.
Disease at the Elephant.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Disease at the ElephantIn common with so many contemporary institutions, the DHSS seems to have outgrown the concepts of its creators.Oversized, amorphous, and labyrinthine-like Mervyn Peake's Gormenghast-its ramifications have developed an almost neoplastic autonomy: free from any central control or direc- tion, it continues to drain resources in a remorseless but seemingly purposeless growth.More specifically, it has been said: "A sizable proportion of the work of the Department is self-inflicted.This need not be disadvantageous, if what is done is really necessary.But when the simple test [is applied] of asking whether particular activities are really necessary: whether the likely limitation of resources means that much of what is being worked on can ever be translated into reality: or whether there is any effective mechanism within the Department for saying 'no' to what may be desirable in an ideal world, or even interesting, or even beguiling, the answer is clearly that too much happens without any practical justification."That analysis formed the core of an inquiry into the working of the DHSS by a group of chair- men of regional health authorities and was published' by the Department itself (though it is not, it seems, readily available to members of the public).Showing a rare ability to find their way through bureau- cratic fog, the chairmen set out in simple words their initial views on the way the DHSS ought to have been approaching the job of management.The top level should have four main functions: allocation of resources-between capital and revenue and among regions; setting objectives for the Service; ensuring that health authorities were pursuing those objectives and providing a satisfactory quality of health care; and providing the few services which (by statute or for economic reasons) had to be a function of the DHSS itself.They also emphasised that at lower levels management should be organised so that it was absolutely clear which tier was responsible for which decision-and that any question referred upward should be settled with utmost dispatch; and that monitoring "did not mean meddling in the affairs of management teams at lower levels: nor should it involve the duplication of staff and effort which this involves."How far real life at the Elephant differed from this blue- print became clear during the investigation.The complexity of the Department's working was, says the report, "almost totally baffling."In part this was due to two mistaken but well-intentioned beliefs.First was the concept that everyone with even a peripheral interest in a topic had to be given the chance to comment on it-so leading to a proliferation of
<title>Near-infrared muscle functional monitoring</title>

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The oxygenation of human muscle tissue can be investigated using near IR spectroscopy (NIRS). Oxy and deoxy hemoglobin changes can be quantified combining attenuation measurements with pathlength data obtained by time resolved spectroscopy. This study reports the application of NIRS to non- invasive measurements of quadriceps oxygenation on muscular dystrophy patients during treadmill exercise.
Dynamical Complexity of Patchy Invasion in Prey–Predator Model

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In this chapter, we investigate the evolution of spatiotemporal pattern formation in prey-predator model with type-III functional response. We obtain the stipulations of Hopf and Turing bifurcation in a spatiotemporal region. Moreover, we present a qualitative analysis of growth and development processes that involves species distribution and their interplay of spatially distributed populace with diffusion. The series of numerical simulations reveal that the dynamics of predator and prey density variation is the pattern formation of isolated groups, i.e., spotted like or stripe or coexistence of both. Also, we show that the patchy invasion displays to be feasible also in a fully deterministic model as a result of the functional response. It may help us better understand the dynamics of realistic models.
A multi-level fuzzy comprehensive assessment for supply chain risks

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Potential supply chain risks are one of the hidden dangers that may undermine the reliable and stable operation of enterprises. Due to the practicality and complexity of supply chain risk management, the field has attracted wide attention from researchers. The urgent problems of supply chain management at present include how to help enterprises analyze and identify supply chain risk factors, predict and control the potential risks, and provide the corresponding preventive measures for various risks. There are many assessment methods in the research process of supply chain risks. In this paper, a multi-level fuzzy comprehensive assessment method is adopted. Based on the current risk status of the traffic enterprises in our country, an attempt is made to apply the multi-level fuzzy comprehensive assessment method to risk assessment. The main risk factors faced by traffic enterprises in the supply chain are analyzed to obtain the assessment results, which can provide ideas for further research in the future.
Chemical consequences of orbital interactions. 14. Ab initio molecular orbital study of the geometries, properties, and protonation of simple organofluorides

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChemical consequences of orbital interactions. 14. Ab initio molecular orbital study of the geometries, properties, and protonation of simple organofluoridesWilliam L. Jorgensen and Michael E. CournoyerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1978, 100, 17, 5278–5285Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00485a006https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00485a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views81Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Kayısı kurutmada kükürtleme yerine hemiselüloz kaplamasının kullanılması.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Dry apricot is one of the most exported fruits in Turkey. However, there are some quality problems faced with sulfuring before drying. Sulfuring is a chemical method that is used to prevent/delay oxidation and fungal-bacterial growth. Indeed, sulfuring is harmful to human health. Therefore, alternatively to sulfuring, hemicellulose coating was investigated. In this study, hemicellulose was extracted from hazelnut shells by using alkaline peroxide solutions. The extraction conditions were optimized with respect to temperature (40, 50 and 60 °C), alkaline concentration (10, 15 and 20 %) and extraction time (4, 8 and 12 h) and the highest hemicellulose purity was found as 64.24 % (w/w) by Box-Behnken response surface methodology at optimum conditions (10 % NaOH at 40 °C for 4 h). Hemicellulose coated apricots were dried in a tray dryer with various conditions; hemicellulose concentration (1-3 %), air velocity (0.5-1.5 m/s) and air temperature (60-80 °C). The effects of hemicellulose coating on apricot during drying was evaluated by color parameters (ΔE* and Δb*) and final moisture content. The optimum drying conditions were found as 1 m/s of air velocity, 80 °C of air temperature, and 3 % (w/v) hemicellulose coating which gave experimental values of 15.2, -8.3 and 26 % for ΔE*, Δb* and final moisture content, respectively. The models prediction of the responses were successful with close values of 13.2, -8.3 and 24.9 % for ΔE*, Δb* and final moisture content. Comparison of color values of dried apricots indicated that hemicellulose coated apricots had significantly better color values than uncoated and chitosan coated apricots. Apricot drying kinetics was evaluated by four models: Newton, Page, Henderson and Pabis and Logarithmic model. The best drying kinetics model for 2 % hemicellulose coated apricots at 60 and 70 °C was found as Logarithmic model. Page model described best the drying kinetic model for 2 % hemicellulose coated apricots at 80 °C. Effective diffusion coefficients increased with increasing temperature and ranged at 2.499-5.742 x 10-9. Arrhenius type equation used for description of the temperature dependency of effective diffusion coefficient was resulted in 33.78 kJ/mol of activation energy during apricot drying. Comparison of dried apricots with respect to rehydration rates revealed that hemicellulose coated dried apricots had slightly higher rehydration rate (0.011 min-1) than the uncoated dried apricots (0.010 min-1). In conclusion, this study shows that hazelnut shell is an effective feedstock for the hemicellulose extraction and hemicellulose coating has promising results to be used prior to apricot drying.
Collaborative Human-Robot Motion Generation Using LSTM-RNN

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We propose a deep learning based method for fast and responsive human-robot handovers that generate robot motion according to human motion observations. Our method learns an offline human-robot interaction model through a Recurrent Neural Network with Long Short-Term Memory units (LSTM-RNN). The robot uses the learned network to respond appropriately to novel online human motions. Our method is tested both on pre-recorded data and real-world human-robot handover experiments. Our method achieves robot motion accuracies that outperform the baseline. In addition, our method demonstrates a strong ability to adapt to changes in velocity of human motions.
Massive Modularity and the Flexibility of Human Cognition

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract: In The Architecture of the Mind , Carruthers proposes a new and detailed explanation for how human cognition could be both flexible and massively modular. The combinatorial nature of our linguistic faculty and our capacity to engage in inner speech are the cornerstones of this new explanation. Despite the ingenuity of this proposal, I argue that Carruthers has failed to explain how a massively modular mind could display the flexibility that is characteristic of human thought.
The Effect of Operating Income and Operating Expenses on Corporate Income Tax (Study on Manufacturing Companies in the Basic Materials Sector Listed on the IDX for the 2018 – 2021 Period)

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Abstract This study aims to determine how the effect of operating income and operating expenses on corporate income tax in basic materials manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange either partially assuming X1 (positive) and X2 (negative) or simultaneously. The type of research method used is quantitative. The population used in this study is a manufacturing company in the basic materials sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2018 - 2021 with a sample selection according to the criteria of 30. The source of data used in this study is secondary data with data collection techniques using the documentation method. The analytical techniques used in this study include descriptive statistical analysis, model measurement evaluation, structural model evaluation and hypothesis testing with the help of the Smart PLS 3.0 analysis tool. The results of the study partially show that operating income has a positive effect on income tax, while operating expenses have a negative effect on corporate income tax while simultaneously operating income and operating expenses affect corporate income tax.
The Effect of Symptom Duration on Outcomes After Fusion for Degenerative Spondylolisthesis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Study Design: Longitudinal comparative cohort. Objectives: To determine if the duration of symptoms in patients with degenerative spondylolisthesis affects postoperative outcomes after 1- or 2-level decompression and fusion. Methods: Patients undergoing primary surgery for grade 1 degenerative spondylolisthesis at a single Quality Outcomes Database (QOD) participating site were identified. Demographic, surgical and patient-reported outcomes (PROs) data, including baseline and 12-month postoperative Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), back pain (BP, 0-10), leg pain (LP, 0-10), and EuroQOL-5D (EQ-5D) scores were collected. Individual medical records were reviewed for data on duration of symptoms prior to surgery. Patients were stratified into 3 cohorts—those with preoperative symptom duration of less than 1 year, 1 to 2 years, or greater than 2 years. Results: Complete data was available in 123 patients. Significant improvement in ODI, BP, and LP scores were observed in all groups. At 12-month follow-up improvement in ODI, BP, or LP was similar among the cohorts; with a trend toward significance with better improvement in LP scores in patients with a symptom duration of less than 1 year to those with symptom duration greater than 2 years ( P = .058). Conclusions: The duration of symptoms up to 2 years prior to surgery may not be a useful predictor of improvement of back pain or disability scores in patients with spondylolisthesis requiring decompression and fusion. Although there was a positive trend for improvement in leg pain for those with a shorter duration of symptoms, this did not reach statistical significance in our study.