jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Effect of Elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum) ensiled with different proportions of Dolichos lablab (Lablab purpureus) on intake, digestibility and growth performance of Horro sheep

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The study was conducted at Bako Agricultural Research Center with the aim to evaluate the effect of Elephant grass ensiled with different proportions of Dolichos lablab on intake, digestibility and body weight gain of Horro sheep. Elephant grass and Dolichos lablab were harvested after eight weeks of regrowth and 50% blooming stage, respectively. Forages were chopped, weighed separately and mixed with 3% molasses before ensiling in a pit. A total of twenty intact male yearling Horro sheep were stratified into four groups based on initial body weight in a Randomized Complete Block Design and randomly assigned to the dietary treatments. Dietary treatments were Elephant grass ensiled alone, with 10, 20 and 30% of Dolichos lablab and designated as T1, T2, T3 and T4, respectively. Lambs in all treatments were supplemented with wheat bran at 1.5% body weight. The study comprised 90 days of feeding trial followed by 7 days of digestibility trial. The dry matter content of the silage increased from 30.14 to 35.34 and crude protein content from 8.75 to 12.38% from T1 to T4. However, it contained 15.15, 14.30 and 50.70% NDF, ADF and ADL concentrations, respectively. The total DM intake of lambs fed T4 diets was greater by 19.53, 7.83 and 3.56%, whereas the total CP intake was higher by 31.15%, 17.36%, and 9.66% than T1, T2 and T3, respectively. Higher ADL and lower ADF intake were observed for lambs fed T1 diet. The DM Digestibility of lambs fed T4 diets were increased by 17.59, 10.09 and 6.18% than those on T1, T2 and T3 diets, respectively. Lambs fed T4 diet had higher digestibility of CP and NDF than those fed T3, T2 and T1 with comparable values of NDF obtained for T4 and T3. The lowest ADF digestibility was recorded for lambs fed T1 diet with similar values among other groups. Lambs fed T4 diet had higher final body weight (28.04 kg) compared to T2 (26.08 kg) and T1 (23.52 kg) and higher daily gain of 43.55, 59.55 and 73.11 g/day for T1, T2 and T3, respectively. Higher value of FCE was obtained from lambs fed T4 diet followed by T3 > T2 > T1 in that order. Therefore, addition of 20-30% Dolichos lablab in Elephant grass silage enhanced its nutritive value, thereby increasing the nutrient intake and digestibility for better growth of Horro sheep.
Oral Contraceptives and Thrombosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

we can at least cope with our N.H.S. patients under the present scheme, but the thought of some of our private insurance patients, having paid their annual fee and out to get their pound of flesh, is terrifying.None of us can feel completely satisfied with Dr. Jones's insistence that there should be no reconsideration even of some minor form of item-of-service charge.Insurance companies will have the last word, of course, but they are not usually so inflexible as to be unable to provide some compromise to overcome what appears to be a major defect in the scheme.The ludicrous part of the Meeting came, however, when, having got away without much difficulty from this " item-of-service " issue, the conference fell overboard in insist- ing on .theinclusion of it in the Charter.As a convinced " item-of-service " general practi- tioner, I was amazed to see, the chance
Long-term and seasonal variations of heavy metal concentrations in a brown macroalga, the case of Padina gymnospora in the Zanzibar Channel

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Concentrations of various metals are elevated above background levels in several intertidal areas along the Tanzanian coasts. However, there is little available information concerning the toxicity of these metals and how the uptake of these metals by bioindicators are influenced by external factors, such as heavy rains and increased coastal eutrophication, which tend to fluctuate.The present study focused on the uptake and toxicity of Cu and Zn in two common macroalgal species, Padina gymnospora (Phaeophyta) and Ulva reticulata (Chlorophyta). Laboratory studies were performed where metal content, growth (DGR), maximal quantum yields (Fv/Fm) and protein expression patterns (in Ulva) were measured as a response to exposure to Cu and Zn. The levels of metals accumulated in algal tissues correlated well to exposure concentrations and the longer the exposure time, the greater the uptake. However, an increased nutrient load (tested on Padina) or dilution of the seawater (tested on Ulva) affected both uptake of metals and their toxic effects. Here, DGR was more affected than Fv/Fm, suggesting DGR to be the more sensitive indicator of Cu and Zn toxicity. As shown by 2-D gel electrophoresis, more than ten proteins were up-regulated in U. reticulata after being exposed to Cu (1μg/L), while at higher concentrations (10 and 100 μg/L) of Cu numerous proteins were down-regulated.P. gymnospora was also used as a bioindicator to monitor long-term (1994–2005) and seasonal in-year variations in heavy metal concentrations in the Zanzibar Channel. No clear overall trends were revealed, but analysis of the combined dataset clearly pinpointed the most contaminated sites. It was concluded that seasonal and long-term variations, as well as environmental conditions need to be taken into consideration when using macroalgae as bioindicators.
Sella turcica variations in patients with transverse skeletal discrepancies versus patients with normal transverse relationships. a cross- sectional study

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

The sella turcica (ST) is a crucial landmark in orthodontics. It is utilized as a reliable predictor of future growth of the skeletal pattern, assisting in early diagnosis and promoting better treatment planning options. The goal of this research was to compare the morphology and bridging of the sella turcica in transverse maxillary deficient malocclusions and malocclusions with normal transverse relationships.A total of 52 cone beam computed tomographic (CBCT) images were selected with an age range of 18-30 years. Group I comprised 26 patients previously diagnosed with transverse maxillary deficiency, while group II comprised 26 patients with normal transverse skeletal relationships. The length, depth and diameter of the ST were measured by two observers, the shape was evaluated as round, oval or flat and sellar bridging was calculated in each case. An Independent t-test was used to compare between the sellar dimensions in both groups. For assessment of bridging percentage Chi square test was used.The mean values of the length, depth and diameter of the sella in group I was 11.09 mm, 8.56 and 12.81 mm respectively and 10.34 mm, 8.24 and 12.38 mm in group II respectively (P ≤ 0.05). No significant differences were found between both groups in any of the sellar dimensions. The rounded ST shape was the most prevalent among both groups (59.6%). Partial ST bridging was found in only 7.7% of group I (p < 0.0001*). Complete ST bridging wasn't detected in either of the groups.There was no correlation found between transverse maxillary deficiency and the morphology and bridging of the sella turcica.
Efficient disruption and replacement of an effector gene in the oomycete P hytophthora sojae using CRISPR / C as9

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Summary P hytophthora sojae is an oomycete pathogen of soybean. As a result of its economic importance, P . sojae has become a model for the study of oomycete genetics, physiology and pathology. The lack of efficient techniques for targeted mutagenesis and gene replacement have long hampered genetic studies of pathogenicity in Phytophthora species. Here, we describe a CRISPR / C as9 system enabling rapid and efficient genome editing in P . sojae . Using the RXLR effector gene Avr4/6 as a target, we observed that, in the absence of a homologous template, the repair of C as9‐induced DNA double‐strand breaks ( DSBs ) in P . sojae was mediated by non‐homologous end‐joining ( NHEJ ), primarily resulting in short indels. Most mutants were homozygous, presumably as a result of gene conversion triggered by C as9‐mediated cleavage of non‐mutant alleles. When donor DNA was present, homology‐directed repair ( HDR ) was observed, which resulted in the replacement of A vr4/6 with the NPT II gene. By testing the specific virulence of several NHEJ mutants and HDR ‐mediated gene replacements in soybean, we have validated the contribution of A vr4/6 to recognition by soybean R gene loci, Rps 4 and Rps 6, but also uncovered additional contributions to resistance by these two loci. Our results establish a powerful tool for the study of functional genomics in Phytophthora , which provides new avenues for better control of this pathogen.
Flat bread: ingredients and fortification

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Flat bread is simple bread made from flattened dough of flour, water, salt, yeast and other optional ingredients. The manufacture of flat bread necessitates special characteristics in flour and dough. Additional (optional) ingredients may be used for processing aids which are essential in particular in the bread-making process, in improving the quality and for fortification of bread to have more nutritive value. Milk, eggs, other cereals, legumes, dates or date syrup, dried fruits, leafy vegetables, cassava, green banana, flaxseed flour, sesame, black seeds, species, meat, and dried or fresh herbs might be added to the formula of the bread. In addition to protein, vitamins and minerals, fibres are the most commonly used nutrients for fortifying flat breads. More development of flat bread products is essential.
“This Warm Scribe, My [Profitable] Hand”

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The survival or loss of literary manuscripts has always depended upon many factors, but questions of value are chief among them: the cultural value, or otherwise, ascribed to them by authors, collectors, publishers, libraries, funders, and government agencies; and the commercial value, determined in part by cultural value but also through questions of rarity, authenticity, competition, fashion, and research potential. This chapter explores these issues through the consideration of manuscript examples ranging from the first manuscript in the English language to survive wholly in the hand of its author, dating from c. 1200, to digital texts accruing monetary value through non-fungible tokens. It looks at how authors have ignored or embraced their manuscripts as financial assets and how that may affect their textual meaning; how contingencies surrounding funding or legislation, particularly export control, contribute to our understanding of the literary canon; and how institutional collaboration or competition, together with decisions made in the book trade can shape the archival landscape. Finally, it speculates about the implications for the material literary manuscript, as a tangible witness to the writer's hand and an artefact relatively easy to value in commercial terms, in a world where collectors are beginning to privilege digital artefacts.
De novo assembly and Transcriptome characterization of an endemic species of Vietnam, Panax vietnamensis Ha et Grushv., including the development of EST-SSR markers for population genetics

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Understanding the genetic diversity in endangered species that occur inforest remnants is necessary to establish efficient strategies for the species conservation, restoration and management. Panax vietnamensis Ha et Grushv. is medicinally important, endemic and endangered species of Vietnam. However, genetic diversity and structure of population are unknown due to lack of efficient molecular markers.In this study, we employed Illumina HiSeq™ 4000 sequencing to analyze the transcriptomes of P. vietnamensis (roots, leaves and stems). Raw reads total of 23,741,783 was obtained and then assembled, from which the generated unigenes were 89,271 (average length = 598.3191 nt). The 31,686 unigenes were annotated in different databases i.e. Gene Ontology, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes, Nucleotide Collection (NR/NT) and Swiss-Prot for functional annotation. Further, 11,343 EST-SSRs were detected. From 7774 primer pairs, 101 were selected for polymorphism validation, in which; 20 primer pairs were successfully amplified to DNA fragments and significant amounts of polymorphism was observed within population. The nine polymorphic microsatellite loci were used for population structure and diversity analyses. The obtained results revealed high levels of genetic diversity in populations, the average observed and expected heterozygosity were HO = 0.422 and HE = 0.479, respectively. During the Bottleneck analysis using TPM and SMM models (p < 0.01) shows that targeted population is significantly heterozygote deficient. This suggests sign of the bottleneck in all populations. Genetic differentiation between populations was moderate (FST = 0.133) and indicating slightly high level of gene flow (Nm = 1.63). Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed 63.17% of variation within individuals and 12.45% among populations. Our results shows two genetic clusters related to geographical distances.Our study will assist conservators in future conservation management, breeding, production and habitats restoration of the species.
Marriage and physical capability at mid to later life

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Research has shown that married men and women have better physical and psychological health and greater longevity than their unmarried counterparts. However, the past 50 years have witnessed changes in the marriage and divorce rates, resulting in more people at older ages who are unmarried or with varied relationship histories. Given the strong association between marriage and health there could potentially be more people at older ages in poorer health, which may be particularly detrimental given the ageing population. Whilst there is much research looking at marriage and physical and psychological health there is little on marriage and physical capability. Physical capability is the capacity to perform the physical tasks of daily living and is predictive of mortality and future social care use. This PhD investigates the relationship between marriage and physical capability at mid to later life using two measures – grip strength and walking speed – from two nationally representative datasets of people aged 50 years and over in England and the USA. Cross-sectional associations between marriage and physical capability are investigated in a comparative analysis between England and the USA, and longitudinal associations through examining changes in walking speed over a ten year period in England. A descriptive analysis of early life circumstances and its association with entry into and exit out of marriage in England and the USA is also carried out. Findings show that married people had both higher levels of current physical capability and a slower decline in physical capability over time than their unmarried counterparts. Much of the “marriage advantage” is explained by their greater wealth, but there were some unexplained associations, particularly among widowed men. There were few gender and country differences in the association. The results of this thesis suggest that marriage is important for maintaining physical capability for people at mid to later life in England and the USA.
Molecular characteristics of mitochondrial DNA and phylogenetic analysis of the hybrid loach of Misgurnus anguillicaudatus (female) and M. bipartitus (male)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The hybrid loach of M. anguillicaudatus (female) and M. bipartitus (male) have the desirable trait of growth performance. Recently, farming scale of this hybrid has been gradually increased in Asia, suggesting a promise of a new variety for loach. In this study, the complete mitochondrial genome of the hybrid loach was obtained by PCR. The genome is 16,647 bp in length, including 2 ribosomal RNA genes. 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, and a non-coding control region, the gene composition and order of which was similar to most reported from other vertebrates. Sequence analysis showed that the overall base composition is 29.75% for A, 28.28% for T, 25.61% for C, and 16.36% for G. The phylogenetic tree showed that Misgurnus family got together for one branch, which includes this hybrid loach, and the other loaches had their own branches. Also, the mitochondrial genome sequence of the hybrid loach was aligned by BLAST, compared with Cobitinae the sequence similarity could reach >95%, and the similarity to Misgurnus was >99%. The hybrid loach follows the matrilineal inheritance.
Engaging Students in STEM Careers through the Mars Rover Challenge: Bridging Barriers through Multimodal Informal Learning

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper presents a framework for implementing informal learning events through a multi-modal event. A specific example is provided using the Mars LEGO Robotics challenge during the global pandemic Novel-coronavirus-19 (COVID). Students in grades 4-6 typically develop Lego Mars Rovers and compete in a face-to-face large competition in three primary regions across the state of Idaho. Competitions typically include n=200-300 children and n=100- 200 adults. This year the competition will be held using multimedia posters and competition notebooks that accompany a virtual presentation and competition over an Internet-based platform. A mixed methods design is described as a methodology to collect data using a case study design and pretest/posttest survey. The paper concludes with implications and recommendations.
Urological Oncology: Testis Cancer and Advances in Oncological Therapy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

No AccessJournal of UrologyAdult urology1 Mar 2008Urological Oncology: Testis Cancer and Advances in Oncological Therapy Jerome P. RichieM.D. Jerome P. RichieJerome P. Richie More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2007.11.028AboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "Urological Oncology: Testis Cancer and Advances in Oncological Therapy." The Journal of Urology, 179(3), pp. 945–946 © 2008 by American Urological AssociationFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 179Issue 3March 2008Page: 945-946 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2008 by American Urological AssociationMetricsAuthor Information Jerome P. Richie More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Immunological analyses reveal an immune subtype of uveal melanoma with a poor prognosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Uveal melanoma is an aggressive intraocular malignancy that often exhibits low immunogenicity. Metastatic uveal melanoma samples frequently exhibit monosomy 3 or BAP1 deficiency. In this study, we used bioinformatic methods to investigate the immune infiltration of uveal melanoma samples in public datasets. We first performed Gene Set Enrichment/Variation Analyses to detect immunological pathways that are altered in tumors with monosomy 3 or BAP1 deficiency. We then conducted an unsupervised clustering analysis to identify distinct immunologic molecular subtypes of uveal melanoma. We used CIBERSORT and ESTIMATE with RNA-seq data from The Cancer Genome Atlas and the GSE22138 microarray dataset to determine the sample-level immune subpopulations and immune scores of uveal melanoma samples. The Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test were used to assess the prognostic value of particular immune cells and genes in uveal melanoma samples. Through these approaches, we discovered uveal melanoma-specific immunologic features, which may provide new insights into the tumor microenvironment and enhance the development of immunotherapies in the future.
Antecedents and consequences of customer loyalty in Qatar

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Drawing insights from the customer value-based theory, the study hypothesises and examines the relationships in the antecedents-customer loyalty-consequences process in a unique context, Qatar. Five divergent and salient antecedents and two important outcomes are incorporated in a single comprehensive study. The antecedents are innovation (a novel one), service quality, trust, satisfaction and switching cost, while the consequences are word-of-mouth communication and repeat purchase. An analysis of a sample of mobile internet subscribers reveals that the five antecedents impact customer loyalty, which, in turn, influences the two outcomes. The study extends customer loyalty theory to a region marked by unique Islamic values and beliefs. Also, the study suggests that in addition to paying attention to a number of traditional drivers of customer loyalty simultaneously, marketers seeking to build and sustain customer loyalty in the Gulf region should also focus on innovation. Implications are discussed.
Expected Incomes as a Factor of Entrepreneurship and a Firm Establishment Risk

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Entrepreneurship takes a central place in the imagination of economists. It is one of the reasons for \nboth growth and development of the economy as well as an individual human being. Determinants and \nmarket competences of entrepreneurs indicate the importance of income as a factor supporting the \ncreation of enterprises or deciding on their market survival. Based on this background, the concept of \nthe study was created: do people who want to earn more in the labor market declare entrepreneurship \nas a method of achieving this aim and do they declare and take the higher risk associated with it. This \nstudy was undertaken based on an analysis of survey results and a conducted economic experiment. \nThe results partly answered these research questions.
PENGARUH PENGUASAAN KALOR TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR FISIKA PADA MATERI POKOK GELOMBANG ELEKTRO MAGNATIK DI KELAS X SMA NEGERI 1 PADANG BOLAK JULU

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The aim of this research was to know whether there was any significant influence of heat mastery and physic achievement in electromagnetic wave subject at the tenth grade students of SMA Negeri 1 Padang Bolak Julu. The method of this research was descriptive. By using total sampling technique, the writer took 70 students as the sample. Based on descriptive analysis, the average of heat mastery was 73, it was categorized “good” and the average of electromagnetic wave was 76.5, it was categorized “good”.Based statistic inferential analysis by using ttest to test hypothesis, it could be gotten tcount = 5.71 and ttable = 1.66 at error level 5%. It could be seen tcount was greater than ttable (5.78 >1.66). It means alternative hypothesis was accepted. In the other words, there was any significant influence of heat mastery and physic achievement in electromagnetic wave subject at the tenth grade students of SMA Negeri 1 Padang Bolak Julu.