jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
6638 Breastfeeding and childhood obesity – is there a correlation? Data from a large obesity clinic in a disadvantaged London borough

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives

This study aims to identify if the severity of obesity and its related co-morbidities are worse between a non-breastfed and a breastfed group in a large population of obese children in Barking, Havering & Redbridge, England.

Methods

This is a retrospective analysis of progressively developed data of 717 patients, referred to the obesity clinic at a large local hospital. Data was collected and examined based on demographics, infant feeding and obesity severity, with emphasis on initiation and duration of breastfeeding.

Results

492/717 (69%) patients fulfilled the study eligibility. There were 262 females (47%) and 263 (53%) of white ethnicity. Mean referral age was 10.2 years (range 0.5 – 16.8). The mean age of obesity onset was 5.5 years (0.06 – 14.8). Mean BMI standard deviation score (SDS) was 2.94 (1.4 – 6.8), with 61% (298/492) > 99.6th centile. Acanthosis nigricans 296/492 (60%). Central body fat distribution 335/491 (68%). Dyslipidaemia 116/333 (35%). Glucose metabolism disturbance 25/349 (7.2%). Breastfeeding initiation 307/492 (62%), with a mean duration 6 months (range 0.02–36). 185/492 (38%) had no breastfeeding, 48/492 (10%) <6 weeks, 167/492 (34%) 6 weeks-6months and 92/492 (19%) >6 months. Breastfeeding initiated in 47% (124/263) of those with white ethnicity, compared to 80% (183/229) in combined other ethnic groups. Mean duration 5.1 months for white, compared to 6.1 in black and 8.1 in asian ethnicities. Mean age of solids introduction 5.3 months (range 3 – 9). With no breastfeeding mean age of solids introduction 5.2 months (3 – 9) and with >6months 5.3 (3 – 7). Table 1 shows the clinical data for varying durations of breastfeeding.

Conclusion

This study shows that the rate of breastfeeding was significantly lower than national figures (62% vs 81%).1 In this cohort, there were no significant differences in obesity severity between those breastfed or not, even accounting for varying durations. The data also shows significant disparities between ethnicities in infant feeding, supporting that obesity is multifactorial and breastfeeding alone is not protective. Further research is required to utilise control groups in the local population.

Reference

Infant Feeding Survey – UK, Official statistics, National statistics, 2010.
Incorporating Research into Teaching: How & Why

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

It is a widely held view that lecturers should use their research to inform the content of their teaching. However, a number of factors impede this desired state becoming a reality. There are endless numbers of thick textbooks with a vast amount of content, many ready-made case studies for use in class are available, and film resources are increasingly accessible. Such factors mean that incorporating one’s own research in teaching becomes increasingly optional. Moreover, with the widening of access to HE, such research may need to be put into a more digestible form than the ‘read my paper on XYZ and we will discuss it at next week’s tutorial’ approach. Accordingly lecturers need to possess knowledge and skills in how to shape research into suitable teaching formats. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate how a lecturer’s own research can be used as a resource in teaching, and to encourage debate and discussion on the strategic role of research-based teaching.
Media in the face of challenges of the knowledge society : economic aspects of media management in the digital economy

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The article is the attempt of analyzing key aspects of the management of media companies in the knowledge-based economy. The author concluded that the main factors affecting the shape of management processes in the media market are its unique character and trends related to digitization, among others, fragmentation of the audience, the phenomenon of convergence and changes in the network environment. It was stated that processes of the media transformation determine change of leaders’ status in organizations. His role within the organization is more and more often determined by heterarchical power relations, requiring an attitude of openness to continuous learning nature of the digital society.
Supplementary Tables from Association between Vitamin D Deficiency and Antinuclear Antibodies in Middle-Aged and Older U.S. Adults

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<p>Supplementary Table 1 S1:Weighted Mean or Proportion for Covariates by Levels of Serum Vitamin D in the U.S. population ages 50 years and older in NHANES 2001-2004, N=1012 Supplementary Table 2 S2:Weighted prevalence odds ratios (95% CI) of ANA by serum vitamin D level in the U.S. population aged 50+, NHANES 2001-2004 (N=1,012)</p>
A Plausible Mechanism for Prothrombin Activation by Factor Xa, Factor Va, Phospholipid, and Calcium Ions

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Prothrombin activation by the complete prothrombin activation system (Factor Xa, Factor Va, phospholipid, and Ca2+) can occur via the same two-step mechanism previously demonstrated with only Factor Xa, phospholipid, and Ca2+ (Esmon, C. T., Owen, W. G., and Jackson, C. M. (1974) J. Biol. Chem. 249, 7798–7807). [see PDF for equation] Both Intermediate 2 and Fragment 1·2 are required for the activation intermediate to meet necessary kinetic conditions.
Caregivers evaluate independence in individuals with Down syndrome

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Independence is both a sense of autonomy and self‐reliance coupled with the skills to complete tasks without assistance. Questionnaire of caregivers of individuals with Down syndrome asked about factors related to independence on six topics: safety, communication, self‐care, daily living, social/leisure, and vocational/employment. Responses from 408 caregivers to an independence questionnaire were received, and summarized using means and frequencies. Top goals by topic were safety from sexual abuse, communicating wants and needs, toileting independently, living independently/semi‐independently, engaging in leisure time appropriately, and reading and writing. Independence is a complex, multifactorial phenomenon which varies among individuals with DS.
PENGARUH KONSELING KELOMPOK PENDEKATAN ANALISIS TRANSAKSIONAL TEKNIK ROLE PLAYING TERHADAP PENURUNAN BULLYING

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Bullying behavior is a potential violence in schools. The occurrence of bullying behavior from such ridiculous and derisive mockery will accumulate into physical conflict. Bullying has a negative impact on victims of bullying and can lead to undesirable behavior. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of group counseling of transactional analysis approach with role playing technique to decrease bullying behavior on students of SMA Negeri Darussholah Singojuruh. The method used in this research is experimental design using control group design Pretest and Posttest design. The sample of the study were 15 students who had bullying behavior. Sampling technique using purposive sample. In this study data analysis using statistical data analysis (quantitative)
Electronic cigarettes: A narrative review of the implications for the pediatric anesthesiologist

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract The use of electronic cigarettes (EC) is increasing and the number of EC publications is rapidly growing. While some health organizations focus on the harmful effects of using EC (vaping), others promote the benefits of ECs as a less harmful alternative to smoking tobacco. There is concern that vaping might have adverse respiratory consequences for pediatric patients facing anesthesia and intensive care. This narrative review summarizes current knowledge and recommendations regarding the risks of EC relevant to the anesthesiologist and the use of ECs as a step‐down option from tobacco. We provide guidance on the management of vaping patients in the perioperative period.
R&D status of a gas-compressor based two-phase CO2 cooling system for FPCCD Vertex Detector

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Fine pixel CCD (FPCCD) is one of the candidate sensor technologies for the vertex detector used for experiments at the International Linear Collider (ILC). FPCCD vertex detector is supposed to be cooled down to -40 degree for improvement of radiation immunity. For this purpose, a two-phase CO2 cooling system using a gas compressor for CO2 circulation is being developed at KEK. The status of this R&D is presented in this article.
Estimating the Impact of Research Practitioner Partnerships on evidence-based Program Implementation*

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Evidence-based program implementation in criminal justice and community settings is complex and rarely encounters an ideal set of conditions. Implementation failure may be more common than success, and the field has only started to seriously consider how to improve dissemination and implementation. Research-practitioner partnerships are a potential mechanism for achieving implementation success. Using an implementation science framework, we examine the impact of researcher involvement and activity on implementation outcomes in a sample of 49 community-based multi-agency initiatives to improve public safety. Our findings suggest that projects focused more heavily on data and analysis from the outset achieved better implementation outcomes across multiple domains, including fidelity, penetration and dosage, complexity, execution, and sustainability. Similar improvements in outcomes were not associated with more robust data collection, access, or analytic capacity.
Coil design for a magnetic resonant wireless power transfer system

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Wireless power transfer via magnetic resonant coupling is an improved form of inductive coupling. Magnetic resonant coupling technique is able to transfer power wirelessly at a further distance as compared to the traditional inductive coupling technique. When the transmitting coil and receiving coils are at resonance frequency, power transfer and efficiency becomes optimal. For this project, it focuses on the theoretical concepts of a few magnetic resonant circuits designs as well as reviewing the factors which affects the efficiency of the wireless power transfer technique. The purpose of this report is to have a better understanding of this wireless power transfer technique before moving on to design works.
Post-buckling behavior of functionally graded and carbon-nanotubes based structures with different mechanical loadings

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

This article aims to investigate the post-buckling behavior of plates and cylindrical panels made of functionally graded materials (FGM) and carbon-nanotubes reinforced composites (FG-CNTRC) under mechanical loads. Unlike the other high order shear deformation theories, the proposed formulation is elaborated within a double directors finite shell element which allows a parabolic distribution of the transverse shear strains, guarantee the zero condition of the transverse shear stresses on the extreme surfaces of the shell and introduces large deformations and finite rotations through a non-linear framework. Newton-Raphson with arc length control solution strategy is used to resolve the equilibrium paths. A power-law distribution and the extended rule of mixture are used to determine the effective material properties of functionally graded materials and carbon-nanotubes reinforced composites. The effectiveness and the accuracy of the formulation is checked via several comparisons with published results in the literature. Especially, some complex post-buckling curves of FGM and FG-CNTRC curved panels and plates with different mechanical loadings are provided that could be useful for future references. The effects of various parameters are also reported.
Democratic Struggle or National Uprising? The Canadian Rebellions in British Political Thought, 1835–1840

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This article argues that the role of the 1837–38 Canadian rebellions in early nineteenth-century British political thought has been under-appreciated. It shows that they were the occasion of major reconceptualizations of two important terms that would later become central to the political lexicon of modern Britain: ‘democracy’ and ‘nationality’. From the perspective of the Tories and Whigs who framed the rebellions in terms of ‘nationality’, the Canadian debate required reconfiguring previous uses of the word, in order to argue that some ‘nationalities’ were more worthy of respect than others, and that protecting ‘nationality’ could be compatible with membership of an imperial, multi-national state. Additionally, it also reinforced previous negative uses of ‘democracy’ by critics of the rebellions relying on familiar tropes inherited from the French Revolution. But the debate also showcased the quickly shifting Radical uses of both words. For the Radicals, who framed the Canadian crisis in terms of ‘democracy’, it provided a platform to deploy emerging Tocquevillian understandings of democracy in the North American context and reintroduce the word in British political discourse. Via the Durham report of 1839, it also established more civic-minded Radical redefinitions of ‘nationality’ as a core argument for British imperialist policy.
Associations between the pre‐pregnancy body mass index and gestational weight gain with pregnancy outcomes in Japanese women

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Aim To examine the associations between the pre‐pregnancy body mass index ( BMI ) and gestational weight gain ( GWG ) with pregnancy outcomes in J apanese women. Methods The medical records of 1883 J apanese women who delivered singleton infants from J anuary 2010 to J anuary 2013 at O saka‐ M inami M edical C enter were retrospectively reviewed. We use the BMI classification which the W orld H ealth O rganization defined for A sian populations and the GWG classified based on the current 2009 I nstitute of M edicine ( IOM ) recommendations. The odds ratio ( OR ) of each of the groups for the different pregnancy outcomes were compared to the recommended group using a logistic regression analysis adjusted by age, gestational weeks, parity, weight gain, mode of delivery, pregnancy induced hypertension ( PIH ) and gestational diabetes mellitus. Results Women who were obese ( BMI , ≥25 kg/m 2 ) and overweight ( BMI , 23–24.9 kg/m 2 ) had a higher rate of developing PIH (adjusted OR , 6.68 and 3.21 [95% confidence interval [ CI ], 3.31–13.3 and 1.29–7.24]). In contrast, GWG exhibited a correlation with the weight of the infant. The inadequate GWG group had a higher rate of small‐for‐gestational age ( SGA ) infants (adjusted OR , 1.72 [95% CI , 1.22–2.46]). The rate of emergency cesarean section was not significantly different between the groups. Conclusion A pre‐pregnancy BMI less than 23 kg/m 2 is desirable to prevent J apanese women from developing PIH . GWG within the IOM recommendations also reduced the risk of PIH and SGA .
Techno-Economic Analysis of Different Lighting Schemes: A Case Study

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

An optimum lighting design ensures sharp visibility and comfort by considering the light conditions. Further, for optimum utilization of electrical energy, proper care should be taken to avoid overestimation of required illuminance levels. In this paper techno-economic analysis of different lighting schemes viz incandescent lamp, CFL, LED lamp has been done. Further, an efficient arrangement of luminaries for a laboratory is designed in DIALux software.
Augmented Stochastic Multiple Imputation Model for Airport Pavement Missing Data Imputation

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents a research study to handle the problem of missing data in airport pavement management systems. This study was a continuation of an earlier study addressing the same concern. In the earlier study, a stochastic multiple imputation (SMI) approach was adopted to overcome major limitations associated with conventional data imputation methods. The SMI approach considered the variation of multiple plausible imputations and obtained an unbiased estimate in replacing a missing data value. This approach was found to outperform the three most commonly used imputation methods for missing data handling in pavement management: the linear interpolation method, the substitution by mean method, and the regression method. However, the SMI approach estimated missing data values by using purely statistical techniques, without making use of any unique characteristics of pavement performance data. The present study explored the possibility of further improving the data imputation process by exploiting parallel pavement performance-related data available from pavement condition and performance surveys of airfield pavements. An augmented stochastic multiple imputation (ASMI) approach was proposed to incorporate auxiliary parameters to aid in reducing uncertainty and improving prediction performance of runway pavement condition data. Pavement friction data were used as illustration; the related parameter data included aircraft landing volume, rainfall, and temperature. This study showed that the proposed ASMI approach provided an analytically meaningful method from a pavement engineering point of view that can further improve the quality and reliability of imputing missing data for airport pavement management systems.
Zygoma Fractures

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Because of the zygoma's prominent position in the face, trauma often results in fractures to it and associated structures. Its unique, almost keystone position adjacent to the maxilla, frontal bone, zygomatic arch, and sphenoid as well as the orbit, globe, and mandible, therefore, makes it one of key elements in restoring normal facial contour. This chapter explores the anatomy of the zygoma and associated structures, the pathophysiology of zygomatic fractures, and the various approaches to treatment.
The Action of the -Glucosidase of Staohybotrys Atra on P-Nitrophenyl P-Quinovoside

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

p-Nitrophenyl /l-D-quinovopyranoside has been prepared and found to be a substrate for S. atra /l-glucosidase. The affinity of the enzyme for this substrate was an order of magnitude less than for p-nitrophenyl /l-glucoside, but of the same order as for many ortho-substituted aryl /l-glucosides. The Michaelis constant was 3�4 X 1O-4M (3�2 X 1O-5M for p-nitrophenyl /l-glucoside); the ratio V:h.x.!V~ax. was 0 �20 for the two p-nitrophenyl glycosides. It was rather difficult to make accurate measurements with the quinovoside since it was fairly unstable in aqueous solution. The rate of spontaneous decomposition of its solutions in distilled water (pH about 5�5) was some 20 times that of solutions of the glucoside.
ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS WITH MACHINE LEARNING FOR PREDICTION OF SMART COMPOSITE FRACTURE TOUGHNESS

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This work in on the development of an ordinary differential equation (ODE) model coupled with statistical methods for the prediction of fracture toughness of a magnetostrictive, piezoelectric smart self-sensing Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) composite. The smart composite with sensing properties encompasses Terfenol-D alloy nanoparticles and Single Walled Carbon NanoTubes (SWCNT). To explore various configurations the of nanoparticle constituents’ effect on fracture toughness within the FRP composite, the ODE model developed within a finite element analysis (FEA) environment is considered to attain fracture observations across the solution space. The acquired FEA data is then used to feed the machine-learning (ML) algorithms to obtain composite fracture toughness predictions. A comparison and development of artificial neural networks (ANN), decision trees and support vector machines (SVM) models for FRP smart self-sensing composite fracture toughness prediction is done. Qualitative results stating if the sample has fractured or not and quantitative data giving the fracture toughness and strain energy release rate for the smart self-sensing FRP composites is attained. A comparison of all predictions from the developed models for both fracture toughness is corroborated with literature data.
PERANAN KELOMPOK TANI DAN PENDAPATAN PETANI UBI KAYU DI DESA SISWO BANGUN KECAMATAN SEPUTIH BANYAK KABUPATEN LAMPUNG TENGAH (Role of Farmer Groups and Cassava Farming Income in Siswo Bangun Village of Seputih Banyak District Central Lampung Regency)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT

The purposes of this study are to examine the role of cassava farmer groups, factors related to the role, the
level of cassava farming income and the relationship between the role and the income in Siswo Bangun
Village, Seputih Banyak District, Central Lampung Regency. Respondents were 87 cassava farmers involved
in 18 farmer groups. This research was conducted in January 2018 and used a survey method. Data analysis
used descriptive analysis and Rank Spearman correlation test. The results showed that the level of the role of
farmer groups was classified as moderate. Factors significantly related to the role of cassava farmer groups
were the role of extension workers and leadership of farmer group leaders. Cassava farming income in
Siswo Bangun Village, Seputih Banyak District, Central Lampung regency was classified as moderate, which
was Rp21.925.801 per ha per season. There is no significant relationship between the role of farmer groups
and the level of cassava farming income

Key words: cassava, farming income, role of farmer groups
2-Arylhydroxytyrosol Derivatives via Suzuki−Miyaura Cross-Coupling

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

2-Arylhydroxytyrosol derivatives, a new class of hydroxytyrosol derivatives, have been prepared in high to excellent yields from the corresponding 2-chloro precursors via Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling with arylboronic acids containing electron-donating, electron-withdrawing, as well as ortho substituents. A remarkable halide effect has been observed. 2-Iodo- and 2-bromohydroxytyrosol derivatives have been found to be ineffective cross-coupling partners in many cases. The acetonide and carbonate protecting groups can be readily removed.
The Impact of Organizational Crafting on Planning

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The paper demonstrates that organizational landscapes play a central role in planning processes, and presents an analysis of the complex interrelationship between organizational structures and political, economic, and social factors. Using the redevelopment of the Toronto waterfront as a case study, the paper explores how organizational conflicts among levels of government and their agencies led to a fragmented redevelopment process and a planned environment that failed to meet public expectations. The narrative also highlights the generally unpredictable nature of organizational effects, often resulting from the dynamics of self-interested organizations. The final conclusion is that organizational crafting plays an essential role in the achievement of planning objectives, despite difficulties in predicting and controlling its long-term consequences.