jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Identification of Newly Transcribed RNA

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Newly transcribed RNA can be identified using the nuclear runoff transcription assay. In this assay, isolated nuclei, free of membranes and cytoplasmic debris, are used in an in vitro transcription reaction in the presence of 32 P‐labeled UTP. The labeled RNA can then be hybridized to cDNAs immobilized on nitrocellulose. This unit describes three methods for isolating suitable nuclei by detergent lysis, Dounce homogenization, and centrifugation on a sucrose gradient. Two Support Protocols describe the preparation of nitrocellulose filter strips containing double‐stranded and single‐stranded DNAs, which are used to detect the presence of specific transcripts in the nuclear runoff transcription assay.
Persuasive antimicrobial stewardship intervention in the context of a KPC outbreak: a controlled interrupted time series analysis

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract

Introduction: Antimicrobial resistance is a major public health threat. Antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) is one of the key strategies to overcome resistance, but robust evidence on the effect of specific interventions is lacking. We report an interrupted time series (ITS) analysis of a persuasive AMS intervention implemented during a KPC producing Klebsiella pneumoniae outbreak. Methods: A controlled ITS for carbapenem consumption, total antibiotic consumption and antibiotic-free days, between January 2012 and May 2018 was performed, using segmented regression analysis. The AMS intervention was implemented in the Vascular Surgery ward starting on April 2016 in the context of a KPC outbreak. The General Surgery ward was taken as a control group. Data were aggregated by month for both wards, including 51 pre-intervention and 26 intervention points. Results: The AMS intervention produced a level change in carbapenem consumption of -11.14 DDDs/100 patient-days accompanied by a decreasing trend of total antibiotic consumption and stable rate of antibiotic-free days in Vascular Surgery ward. These differences were not apparent in the control group. No differences in mortality or readmission rates between pre-intervention and intervention periods were noticed in any of the groups. Conclusion: Persuasive AMS interventions on top of previously implemented restrictive interventions can reduce carbapenem consumption without increasing total antibiotic consumption. Starting persuasive AMS interventions in an outbreak setting does not compromise the sustainability of the intervention.
Viral Immortalization and Phenotypic Characterization of a Rat Hepatocyte Cell Line

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Viral immortalization (SV40) of adult rat hepatocytes was performed in controlled culture conditions (isolation method, collagen matrix, defined culture medium, short-time culture before virus infection) allowing maintenance of differentiation. One cell line (SVHep B4) among four obtained was further characterized for expression of hepatic functions at early and late passages, and compared with freshly isolated or short-term cultured hepatocytes and with two rat hepatoma cell lines: H5-6 and Fao. Most of the phenotypic markers were expressed at comparable levels in SVHep B4 cells and untransformed hepatocytes but weakly expressed in both hepatoma cell lines. Thus, among the three hepatic established cell lines, SVHep B4 appeared to exhibit the most differentiated phenotype. These results suggest that this differentiated hepatocyte cell line may represent a useful model for in vitro investigations of hepatic metabolism.
Nutrient Deficiency Detection in Leaves using Deep Learning

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Nutrient deficiency is major problem in the agricultural field and solutions available for this problem are not sufficient. Concept of Neural Network and Deep Learning can be used to solve such problem more efficiently. The nutrient deficiency detector is used for tracking the health of leaves. A data set was created to check the different features of leaves through deep learning modules and techniques. The user will have to input a leaf image. This image passes through various neural networks in order to look for the different deficiency features present in the leaf so as to determine the type of deficiency. The neural network will classify the image into its respective deficiency class. Once the state of the leaf was identified by the model, it let the user know about the nutrient shortage in the plant.
Assessment of noise pollution and its perceived health risks on residents of Owerri Metropolis, Imo State, Nigeria

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Noise pollution is recognized as a serious health hazard to individual and society at large. In most cities, noise pollution is regarded as the most hazardous form of pollution behind air and water pollution. This study was conducted to assess the noise pollution level and its perceived health risks on the residents of Owerri Metropolis, Imo State, Nigeria. Physical measurement of noise levels was carried out at 24 different locations; three locations from 15 different political wards were selected. Each location was assessed three times at three consecutive periods (7.30-8.30a.m., 11.30 a.m.-12.30 p.m. and 3.30 – 4.30 p.m.). Thereafter, the mean reading for each location and that of each ward were calculated. Also, 900 respondents comprising adults who live and/or operate in the Council were interviewed on the perceived health risks associated with noise, using structured and standardized questionnaire. The results obtained showed that the computed mean noise level at the 24 different locations ranged from 79.4 – 95.8dB, and the cumulative for the 8 wards ranged from 87.0 – 91.2dB, all of which were significantly (P<0.05) above the acceptable ranges of <80dB, for most of the areas surveyed, thereby rating the noise level unsatisfactory in each case as they were all within levels that can cause discomfort and pains in man. Perceived health risks enumerated by participants include; annoyance, lack of concentration, disturbed sleep, headache, hearing impairment and whistling and buzzing of the ear. The need for greater commitment by all agencies and organs involved to reduce this serious health hazard was highlighted.
P1‐042: CHRONIC VARIABLE STRESS RESULTS IN COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT AND ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE‐RELATED GENE EXPRESSION CHANGES AMONG WILD‐TYPE MICE

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Exposure to stress and hyperactivity of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis have long been established as risk factors for the development of neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders including Alzheimer's diesease (AD) [McEwen et al, 1995]. Although underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood, chronic HPA axis activation has been associated with neuronal loss, decreased neurogenesis, and altered connectivity [Montaron et al, 2006]. Further, it is thought that critical developmental periods exist during which individuals are most vulnerable to these detrimental effects and the aging brain appears to be particularly sensitive [Sapolsky, 1999]. Finally, recent studies suggest that stress exposure can affect gene expression and disease risk through underlying epigenetic mechanisms [Heim & Binder, 2012]. Twenty-eight wild type male CD-1 mice were exposed to 14 days of chronic variable stress (CVS) or control conditions at either 6 months ('young adult') or 12 months of age ('aging'). Following exposure to CVS or control conditions, all mice underwent behavioral testing to assess anxiety-like behavior and cognitive function. Mice were sacrificed after behavioral testing and we used RT-PCR and bisulfite pyrosequencing to measure mRNA expression and DNA methylation, respectively, of genes that have been previously associated with Alzheimer's disease including App, Bace1,Gsk3b, Fkbp5, and Bdnf. CVS resulted in no behavioral differences in the Open Field Test. In the Novel Object Recognition Test, CVS resulted in impairment among aging mice only. In the Barnes Maze, CVS resulted in mild cognitive deficits in young adult mice and profound deficits in aging mice.CVS results in increased expression of Bace1 in both young adult and aging mice. CVS also increased Gsk3b and Fkbp5 expression in aging mice alone. Further, we found an age but not stress related decrease in Bdnf expression.Epigenetic analysis indicates that the stress-related increase in Bace1 expression may be due to decreased promoter region DNAm. (A) CVS resulted in no behavioral differences in the Open Field Test. (B) In the Novel Object Recognition Test, CVS resulted in impairment among aging mice only. (C) In the Barnes Maze, CVS resulted in mild impairment among young adult mice and profound impairment among aging mice. (D) In the prefrontal cortex, CVS was associated with increased expression of Bace1, Gsk3B, and Fkpb5 among aging mice. Aging, but not CVS was associated with decreased expression of Bdnf. (E) In the prefrontal cortex, CVS resulted in decreased DNA methylation of CpGs in the promoter region of Bace1. tss=transcription start site. (n=6-8 per group) *p<0.05
An Evaluation of Self-Identified Preferences in Young Children with Behavioral Disorders

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Delivery of positive reinforcement is central to most effective interventions for behavior problems of childhood. In many settings, identification of potential reinforcers is often left to either caregivers or the children themselves. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the reliability of self-report of preferences. Seven children and their primary caregivers were given both direct and indirect assessments of preference for tangible items. Results suggest poor correspondence between indirect and direct assessments of preference across respondents. These findings have implications for the development of effective reinforcement systems used in behavior therapy.
Low Serum Levels of Prealbumin, Retinol Binding Protein, and Retinol Are Frequent in Adult Type 1 Diabetic Patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aim. To determine the serum prealbumin (PA), retinol binding protein (RBP), and retinol levels in adult patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and to analyze some factors related to those levels. Methods. A total of 93 patients (47 women) were studied. Age, gender, BMI, duration of diabetes, chronic complications, HbA1c, lipid profile, creatinine, albumin, PA, RBP, and retinol were recorded. High and low parameter groups were compared by Mann–WhitneyUandχ2tests. Correlation between parameters was analyzed by Spearman’s test. Odds of low levels were analyzed by univariate logistic regression and included in the multivariate analysis when significant. Results. 49.5%, 48.4%, and 30.1% of patients displayed serum PA, RBP, and retinol levels below normal values, respectively. A high correlation (Rho > 0.8) between PA, RBP, and retinol serum levels was found. Patients presenting low levels of any of them were predominantly women, normal-weighted, and with lower levels of triglycerides and serum creatinine. No differences in age, macrovascular complications, duration of diabetes, or HbA1c values were observed when comparing low and normal parameter groups. Conclusion. Low serum levels of PA, RBP, and retinol are frequent in T1D adult patients. This alteration is influenced by female sex and serum creatinine and triglyceride levels.
Chemical and orientational imaging of polymeric samples

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

We have used the Scanning Transmission X-ray Microscope at beamline X1A (X1-STXM) at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) to acquire high resolution, chemical and orientation sensitive images of polymeric samples as well as point spectra from 0.1 μm areas. This sensitivity is achieved by exploiting the X-ray Absorption Near Edge Structure (XANES) of the carbon K edge. One of the most illustrative example of the chemical sensitivity achievable is provided by images of a polycarbonate/pol(ethylene terephthalate) (70/30 PC/PET) blend. Contrast reversal at high overall contrast is observed between images acquired at 285.36 and 285.69 eV (Fig. 1). Contrast in these images is achieved by exploring subtle differences between resonances associated with the π bonds (sp hybridization) of the aromatic groups of each polymer. PET has a split peak associated with these aromatic groups, due to the proximity of its carbonyl groups to its aromatic rings, whereas PC has only a single peak.
Mixed Meshless Local Petrov-Galerkin Methods for Solving Linear Fourth-Order Differential Equations

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The paper presents meshless methods based on the mixed Meshless Local Petrov-Galerkin approach used for solving linear fourth-order differential equations.In all the methods presented here, the primary variable and its derivatives up to the third order are approximated separately.Three different mixed meshless methods are derived by different choices of test and trial functions and are verified using available analytical and reference solutions.The numerical performance of the presented algorithms is demonstrated by several representative numerical examples.
Edukasi Kepada Ibu Hamil Tentang Deteksi Dini Tumbuh Kembang Anak Dengan Apgar Score di Komunitas Ibu Hamil Puskesmas Gajahan Surakarta

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Apgar is an examination of newborns with five aspects of assessment, namely skin color, heart rate, reflex response, active muscle tone and breathing. Early detection with assessment is very important for health and the growth and development process. A low Apgar score can indicate immunological abnormalities in the neonate such as respiratory, heart and neurological problems as well as a risk of neonatal sepsis. There is still little information on the Apgar assessment given to pregnant women. The partner of this service activity is the Pregnant Women's Community at Gajahan Surakarta Health Center. The aim of this outreach activity is to provide a forum for information to pregnant women at the Gajahan Surakarta Community Health Center about the Apgar assessment and determine the level of understanding of this education. A baby is said to be healthy if it has an Apgar score of more than seven. The educational method provided is through the lecture method, distributing leaflets about the Apgar score. To measure the level of understanding and knowledge, a pre-test was carried out before delivering the material and a post-test after being given education. Based on the results of the pre-test and post-test comparison of 27 respondents, the average score increased from 77.7 to 91. Participants were enthusiastic in taking part in this activity and there was an increase in pregnant women's understanding of the Apgar score
Sonic warfare and music both exploit the negative effects of sound: what are the similarities - if any - between these two distant practices?

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This study aims to explore and analyse the uses of sound as a negative energy by the military, via sonic warfare, and modern music artists, via noise music and the avant-garde. Both fields employ the psychological and physiological properties of sound to affect human targets, but by bringing together the literature around both topics, this study provides evidence of their links and identifies the influences that these two practices have on each other. This dissertation shows that they not only deploy sound in similar ways, but also with the same intentions, with the only difference being the context in which they are implemented. Noise music shows to have even stronger links with sonic warfare; showing comparable characteristics all round with the only difference being potential restrictions in amplitude.
Covalent Grafting of Common Trihydroxymethylaminomethane in the Headgroup Region Imparts High Serum Compatibility and Mouse Lung Transfection Property to Cationic Amphiphile

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Clinical success of cationic transfection lipids in nonviral gene therapy continues to remain critically dependent on the use of serum compatible cationic amphiphiles efficient in delivering genes into our body cells. To this end, we demonstrate that covalent grafting of simple Tris-base component of the widely used biological Tris buffer in the headgroup region is capable of imparting high serum compatibility and intravenous mouse lung transfection properties to cationic amphiphile.
Microfluidic Device for On-Chip Manipulation of Liquid Plugs for Biosensing Applications

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A microfluidic device that forms a row of liquid plugs in a micro flow channel was fabricated, and its applicability to an on-chip enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was demonstrated. The nanoliter liquid plugs were formed by six independent pumps and were mobilized in the micro-flow channel using a main pump. The operation of the pumps was based on the volume change caused as a result of the electrochemical production of hydrogen bubbles. When the bubbles were produced in the pumps, a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) diaphragm at the bottom of the compartment inflated and closed an inlet hole at the top of the reservoir. The solution in the reservoir was forced to be injected into the flow channel forming a liquid plug. After six plugs were formed, they were mobilized to a reaction chamber one by one to allow an antigen-antibody binding, cleansing, and detection. This simple and reliable liquid handling system could be applied to the detection of a tumor maker, oc-fetoprotein (AFP).
JSparklines: Making tabular proteomics data come alive

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Perhaps the most common way of presenting proteomics data, and indeed life sciences data in general, is by using some form of tabular data. And while tables can be very informative and contain lots of information, the format can be challenging to interpret visually. An elegant and efficient solution is to extend the textual and numerical information with an additional visual layer, referred to as sparklines, making it intuitive to draw inferences about the properties of the underlying data. We here present a free and open source Java library called JSparklines ( http://jsparklines.googlecode.com ) that allows straightforward addition of a substantial list of customizable sparklines to tabular data representations, and we show examples of how these sparklines greatly simplify the interpretation of the tabular data.
The Other Way Around: How We Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Dedicated LMS Support

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This poster will present our experience of the past 9 years in supporting Moodle LMS on a large heterogeneous humanities and social sciences – Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences of the University of Zagreb, Croatia. Following the successful selection, testing and implementation process came the years of actual use and growth of our LMS, both in user base and the complexity of support. While in the fall of 2004 the LMS had few hundred users and no more than 20 online courses, in 2013 it has over 7000 users and more than 1300 online courses. During the production phase of our LMS support, we have experienced 4 out of 5 stages of development regarding institutional e-learning practice according to Bates, but not in the particular order: Stage 1, Stage 2, Stage 3, and finally, Stage 4 (instead it was 1, 3, 2, 4). After years of successful LMS part-time support have we established a dedicated E-learning Support Center (ESC) that should enable future growth of our institutional LMS and quality control and assurance when it comes to e-learning materials and activities (and respective online courses they reside in). The fifth stage, sustainable and high quality use of e-learning is our final goal in the years to come.
Global sex differences in personality: Replication with an open online dataset

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract Objective Sex differences in personality are a matter of continuing debate. In a study on the United States standardization sample of Cattell's 16PF (fifth edition), Del Giudice and colleagues (2012; PLoS ONE, 7, e29265) estimated global sex differences in personality with multigroup covariance and mean structure analysis. The study found a surprisingly large multivariate effect, D = 2.71. Here we replicated the original analysis with an open online dataset employing an equivalent version of the 16PF. Method We closely replicated the original MG‐MCSA analysis on N = 21,567 U.S. participants (63% females, age 16–90); for robustness, we also analyzed N = 31,637 participants across English‐speaking countries (61% females, age 16–90). Results The size of global sex differences was D = 2.06 in the United States and D = 2.10 across English‐speaking countries. Parcel‐allocation variability analysis showed that results were robust to changes in parceling (U.S.: median D = 2.09, IQR [1.89, 2.37]; English‐speaking countries: median D = 2.17, IQR [1.98, 2.47]). Conclusions Our results corroborate the original study (with a comparable if somewhat smaller effect size) and provide new information on the impact of parcel allocation. We discuss the implications of these and similar findings for the psychology of sex differences.
Performance analysis of SES sector indices (1975 - June 1993)

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The main objective of this Final Year Project is to evaluate the performance of 4 sectors - SES All - Industrial & Commercial, SES All - Finance, SES All - Hotel and SES All - Property vis-a-vis the market. This project is motivated by the recent surge of novice investors into the stock market and the national interest to invest and own shares. It attempts to provide an ex post view of the overall performance of the 4 sectors over the past 18.5 years from January 1975 to June 1993. This study uses 3 risk-adjusted measures based on CAPM- Jensen, Treynor and Sharpe indices to evaluate the performance of the 4 sectors. In computing the Jensen, Treynor and Sharpe indices, monthly adjusted indices of each sector and the market are collected and regressed. Simple regression is performed for the main period (Jan 1975- Jun 1993) and 3 sub-periods (1975- 1980, 1981- 1986, 1987- 1993). When analysing the performance of the 4 sectors, factors such as the economic growth, interest rates, market sentiment and major events like the Black Monday in 1987 and the Gulf War in 1991 have been considered. Based on the findings and analysis, the SES All - Industrial & Commercial and SES All - Hotel sectors were found to have outperformed while the SES All - Finance and SES All - Property sectors had underperformed the market. As a result, we should expect stocks in these 2 sectors to be undervalued and would be likely to be reappraised in the near future. It should be reminded that our expectation is not a prediction of the future performance of these stocks. However, as shown in the Afternote, our observations of undervaluation as stated in the preceding paragraph were not unfounded, in that, upon examination of the sector indices for the second half of 1993, more precisely as at 31 December 1993; the SES All - Finance and SES All - Property indices had registered increases of 70.77% and 78.30% respectively compared to that of the SES All - Share index which registered a gain of 40.10%.
DSA image registration based on multiscale gabor filters and mutual information

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In clinical practice, digital subtraction angiography (DSA) is a powerful technique for the visualization of blood vessels in X-ray image sequences. Different with traditional DSA image registration processes, in our proposed image registration method, the control points are selected from the vessel centerlines using multiscale Gabor filters, and mutual information (MI) is then taken as the similarity criterion to find the correspondences. Experimental results demonstrate our algorithm efficiently yields satisfying registration result for DSA images.