jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Genital Herpes in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infected Patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Genital herpes is a recurrent, lifelong sexual transmitted infection caused by HSV, especially type 2. Genital herpes is the most common infection in HIV patient. HSV-2 can increase the risk of HIV acquisition 2 to 3 times. Clinical manifestations of genital herpes can be different between HIV- infected and non-HIV patients. HIV-infected patients have a high risk of developing chronic and severe genital ulcers with atypical manifestation, prolonged healing, and resistant to treatment, depends on CD4 count. Genital herpes can be diagnosed based on history, clinical manifestation, laboratory and histopathologic examination. Management of genital herpes includes education and counseling patients and sexual partners, systemic antiviral, and symptomatic treatment.
Ethnic Identity, Self-Esteem, and Interpersonal Relationships Among Multiethnic Adolescents

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

A sample of 70 multiethnic adolescents (22 Asian/white, 23 black/white, 25 latino/white adolescents) were surveyed regarding their ethnic identification, self-esteem, and familial and peer relationships. The adolescents identified as multiethnic and reported feeling a high degree of comfort and acceptance in bothh white majority and ethnic minority communities. An average level of self-esteem was found. The relationship bonds were strong with both sides of the family, although somewhat stronger with the family of the minority parent. The adolescent reported feeling accepted by both white majority and ethnic minority peers, but indicated a preference for an ethnically diverse group of friends.
Sensitivity analysis of reinforced concrete structures :

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Sensitivity analysis is a crucial step in computational mechanics and earthquake engineering. Sensitivity analysis of a model (either numerical or physical) aims at quantifying the relative importance of each input parameter, their potential interaction, and their effects on the model response. Sensitivity analysis has a long-term application in structural engineering more specifically on reinforced concrete RC structures. Many researchers benefited from the results of sensitivity analysis to reduce the uncertainty domain to those variables which are very important. This further helps in uncertainty quantification by accelerating the entire process. This state-of-the-art technical report provides a comprehensive review of classical sensitivity analysis techniques, followed by an in-depth review of all the related documents that implemented a full sensitivity analysis or partially adopted it for uncertainty quantification-related discussions. This review report on sensitivity analysis of reinforced concrete structures is a valuable contribution to the field of computational mechanics and earthquake engineering. This review highlights the importance of selecting an appropriate sensitivity analysis technique to achieve reliable results in structural analysis and design. By providing insights into the advantages and limitations of various sensitivity analysis techniques, this report can guide researchers, practitioners, and decision-makers in selecting the most appropriate technique for their specific applications. It is observed that the outcome of a sensitivity analysis depends heavily on the applied technique to perform the sensitivity assessment which eventually may cause a significant bias during the decision making. This report paves the road for better selection of a sensitivity analysis technique in problems related to structural and earthquake engineering. The findings of this review have significant implications for improving the accuracy and reliability of structural analysis, ultimately leading to safer and more resilient structures.
Device-to-System Level Simulation Framework for STT-DMTJ Based Cache Memory

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents a comparative study on non-volatile cache memories based on nanoscaled spin-transfer torque (STT)-magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs). In particular, the impact of using double-barrier MTJs (DMTJs) instead of conventional single-barrier MTJs (SMTJs) is evaluated through a device-to-system level simulation framework. Simulation results demonstrate that DMTJ-based STT-MRAMs are promising competitors for the next generation of non-volatile cache memories.
Megachile albopunctata Jorgensen, new comb.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

albopunctata Jörgensen, new comb. Megachile albopunctata Jörgensen 1909: 225. Female. Type locality: Chacras de Coria, Mendoza, Argentina. Females in USNM and BNHM which Mitchell compared with the type are members of this subgenus.
Supplemental Tables 1-5 and Figures 1-2 from Increased and Mistimed Sex Hormone Production in Night Shift Workers

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<p>Supplemental Tables 1-5 and Figures 1-2. Supplemental Table 1. Inter-assay precision of the GC-MS method for each sex hormone calculated as the coefficient of variation (CV) after analyzing 15 replicates (3 replicates in 5 different days). Supplemental Table 2. Estimated geometric mean (GM), geometric mean ratio ratio (GMR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of 24-h mean metabolite levels (mesor) and peak time (acrophase) in night workers compared to day workers in premenopausal women (n=32) by menstrual cycle. Supplemental Table 3. Peak time (acrophase) of metabolite production (hh:mm) in day and night workers among men and women (geometric mean (GM) and 95% confidence intervals (CI)) Supplemental Table 4. Correlations between 6-sulfatoxymelatonin (aMT6s) and sex hormone 24-h mean levels (mesor) and peak time (acrophase) in all subjects, men and women (Pearson correlation coefficients). Supplemental Table 5. Correlations between 6-sulfatoxymelatonin (aMT6s) and sex hormones 24-h mean levels (mesor) and peak time (acrophase) in all, day and night workers (Pearson correlation coefficients). Supplemental Figure 1. Directed acyclic graph (DAG) used for the selections of confounders for the association between night shift work and urinary sex steroid metabolites. Supplemental Figure 2. Scatterplots and correlation coefficients (r) between log-tranformed 24-h mean levels (mesor) and peak time (acrophase) of 6-sulfatoxymelatonin and estradiol, estrone, pregnanediol and testosterone in men and women.</p>
The Treatment of Volvulus of the Sigmoid Colon

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The management of volvulus of the sigmoid colon has been a controversial subject. The disagreement over the relative merits of conservative vs. operative treatment of acute sigmoid volvulus probably has been due to the infrequency with which this problem is encountered in this country. The paper by J. R. Prather and R. Bowers which appears elsewhere in this journal is provocative and presents the basic considerations in the treatment of the disease. It seems likely that sigmoid volvulus will be encountered more often in the future because the number of people in the older age groups in our population is increasing. The majority of cases of sigmoid volvulus are reported in patients over 50 years of age, and the peak incidence is in the eighth decade of life in the larger series. Thus the management of this abdominal emergency must be influenced by the advanced age of many of the
Decentralized Integration of Distributed Energy Resources into Energy Markets with Physical Constraints

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

With the growing installation of distributed energy resources (DERs) at homes, more residential households are able to reduce the overall energy cost by storing unused energy in the storage battery when there is abundant renewable energy generation, and using the stored energy when there is insufficient renewable energy generation and high demand. It could be even more economical for the household if energy can be traded and shared among neighboring households. Despite the great economic benefit of DERs, they could also make it more challenging to ensure the stability of the grid due to the decentralization of agents' activities.
This thesis presents two approaches that combine market and control mechanisms to address these challenges. In the first work, we focus on the integration of DERs into local energy markets. We introduce a peer-to-peer (P2P) local energy market and propose a consensus multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) framework, which allows agents to develop strategies for trading and decentralized voltage control within the P2P market. It is compared to both the fully decentralized and centralized training & decentralized execution (CTDE) framework. Numerical results reveal that under each framework, the system is able to converge to a dynamic balance with the guarantee of system stability as each agent gradually learns the approximately optimal strategy. Theoretical results also prove the convergence of the consensus MARL algorithm under certain conditions.In the second work, we introduce a mean-field game framework for the integration of DERs into wholesale energy markets. This framework helps DER owners automatically learn optimal decision policies in response to market price fluctuations and their own variable renewable energy outputs. We prove the existence of a mean-field equilibrium (MFE) for the wholesale energy market, and we develop a heuristic decentralized mean-field learning algorithm to converge to an MFE, taking into consideration the demand/supply shock and flexible demand. Our numerical experiments point to convergence to an MFE and show that our framework effectively reduces peak load and price fluctuations, especially during exogenous demand or supply shocks.
Performance Evaluation of 15nm Gate Length Double-Gate n-MOSFETs with High Mobility Channels: III-V, Ge and Si

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

We have thoroughly investigated Double Gate (DG) n-MOSFETs with III-V materials (GaAs (111), InP (111), InAs (111) and InSb (111)) and compared to Si (100) and Ge (111). The simulations performed under ballistic transport take into account non-parabolic full band structure, quantum confinement effects, BTBT leakage and SCE effects. Our results show that with oxide thickness of 0.7 nm, despite of small density of states (DOS) of these materials, III-V and Ge outperform Si in terms of drive current and gate delay. However, the high mobility, small bandgap materials like InAs, InSb and Ge, suffer from excessive BTBT current and poor SCE, which limits their scalability. Effect of parasitic gate capacitance in DGFET on device performance is given as well.
[Gemcitabine-based chemotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)--a review of 30 randomized trials].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) represents a major challenge to oncologists because of its dismal outcomes. Conventional cytotoxic therapies for advanced disease have been unsatisfactory with modest efficacy and high toxicities. The last decade witnessed the introduction of many novel agents with enhanced efficacy and more manageable safety profile than conventional therapies. Gemcitabine is one of these novel agents which was introduced in the mid 1990's in the US/Europe and has been available in Japan since 1999. Due to its unique profile of great efficacy, mild toxicities and combinability with other agents, gemcitabine and its combination have been widely accepted as one of the standard regimens for the treatment of advanced NSCLC. There were multiple clinical trials demonstrated the superiority of gemcitabine or its combination over conventional therapies, especially in terms of increased response, prolonged survival, and quality of life enhancement for these patients. The current review presents an overview of all the randomized clinical trials of gemcitabine and its combination for advanced NSCLC published over the last decade.
Contesting the Government's Financial Interest in Drug Cases

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In 1984, the civil asset forfeiture law was amended to allow the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) and state law enforcement agencies to retain many of the "drug-related assets" they seize for their own law enforcement purposes. Under this amendment, some local law enforcement agencies have managed to double or triple their appropriated budgets by targeting such assets. As former Attorney General Richard Thornburgh has noted, "it's now possible for a drug dealer to serve time in a forfeiture-financed prison after being arrested by agents driving a forfeiture-provided automobile while working in a forfeiture-funded sting operation." The American people, however, are paying a price for this largess: economic temptation now hovers over all law enforcement decisions, and law enforcement activity is becoming increasingly skewed in counterproductive ways. Since 1984, police and prosecutorial agencies have routinely operated under a conflict between their economic self-interest and traditional law enforcement objectives. Both the crime prevention and due process goals of our criminal justice system are compromised when salaries, continued tenure, equipment, modernization, and budget depend on how much money can be generated by forfeitures. Police and prosecutorial conflicts of interest, when substantial, violate the Due Process Clause-and such conflicts are substantial in a great many cases. The conflict of interest objection is appropriate, not only in civil forfeiture cases, but in any case in which the government's actions may have been influenced by the potential to fund itself through forfeiture. For example, in a criminal drug prosecution, counsel should consider a motion to dismiss when a wealthy defendant is singled out for prosecution because he or she has forfeitable assets. A motion to dismiss may be equally sound on behalf of a defendant who is not offered as lenient a plea bargain because he or she is poor. Both are equally culpable codefendants who are able to trade their assets for time. In both situations, the defendant has suffered actual prejudice because of the government's conflict of interest. Such conflict may also provide the basis for a motion to disqualify a prosecutor whose salary is in part dependent on forfeitures-as in the eastern region of Massachusetts, where a recent investigation disclosed that 12 percent of the district attorneys' budgets were financed through forfeitures they obtained. Forfeiture cases pose many problems, but this article focuses on previously unasserted challenges to forfeiture's economic incentives. It may be that courts will prove more amenable to a well-argued constitutional attack on this aspect of the forfeiture laws than they have been to attacks on the forfeiture laws generally or on the conduct of well intentioned law enforcement officers in particular cases.
947 Recombinant myxoma virus MC509-N1 demonstrates antitumor efficacy as monotherapy and in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Background

There are several obstacles to effective cancer immunotherapy including the heterogenic immune profile and the state of the tumor microenvironment. Oncolytic virotherapy provides an opportunity to overcome some of these limitations through high viral replication and the expression of therapeutic transgenes (TGs) within the tumor tissue. Myxoma virus (MYXV) belongs to the family of Poxviridae and represents a potent oncolytic virus and a safe platform as this virus is non-pathogenic in any hosts apart from lagomorphs. Importantly, MYXV has a high capacity of encoding for multiple TG payloads. Here we engineered MC509-N1, a novel double-encoding transgenes (TG1 and TG2) oncolytic MYXV designed for intravenous (IV) injection. The therapeutic TG1 acts to modify and remodel the immune state of the tumor microenvironment, and TG2 allows for prolonged self-evasion from the host immune defense.

Methods

Transgenes expression upon infection was detected by ELISA and by flow cytometry. To determine anticancer efficacy, syngeneic B16F10 melanoma or MC38 colorectal cancer-bearing C57BL/6 mice were injected with MC509-N1 intratumorally or IV with or without immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI). Tumor growth and survival was monitored after treatment and the immune profile within the tumor microenvironment was analyzed by flow cytometry. Mice cured of their tumors from the original treatment were rechallenged with primary tumor cells to examine anticancer immunity.

Results

Cells upon infection with MC509-N1 were found to express both transgenes at high levels and stimulate downstream mechanisms. Importantly, the engineering of both transgenes did not affect MC509-N1 infectivity and productivity as compared to wild-type MYXV. Intratumoral injections of MC509-N1 effectively suppressed tumor growth and improved overall survival of both syngeneic cancer models. Furthermore, MC509-N1 therapy effectively modulated the immune profile within the tumor microenvironment, especially the ratio between tumor infiltrated CD8+ cytotoxic T cells and CD4+FoxP3+ T regulatory cells. In addition, IV injections of MC509-N1 showed improved inhibition of tumor growth compared to wild type MYXV. The combination therapy of MC509-N1 with the ICI anti-PD-L1 further promoted inhibition of tumor growth as demonstrated by higher rate of complete regression and improved survival rate. Furthermore, rechallenge experiments revealed that this combination regimen established specific anticancer immune memory and protected from cancer recurrence.

Conclusions

Our results demonstrate that the novel engineered MC509-N1 exhibits potent anticancer efficacy, adequately modulates the immune state of the tumor microenvironment, and acts synergistically to eliminate cancer in combination with ICI.
Comment on esd-2022-24

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Vb-cyclones propagating from the North-Western Mediterranean Sea (NWMS) into central Europe are often associated with extreme precipitation. This study explores the state and process chain linking the NWMS state and the Vb-cyclone precipitation in the Danube, Elbe, and Odra catchments in regional coupled atmosphere-ocean climate simulations with COSMO-CLM+NEMO. Two high-resolution simulations, an evaluation simulation (1951–2005) downscaling the centennial ERA-20C reanalysis and a continuous simulation (historical 1951–2005 + RCP8.5 future scenario 2006–2099) downscaling the EC-EARTH global climate data set are used for this purpose. The results show a good agreement in mean annual Vb-cyclone frequency between the evaluation (9.7 events/year) and the historical (10.1 events/year) simulations. But, there are significant discrepancies in the seasonal cycle. The mean cyclone intensity measured with minimum central pressure, track density, and precipitation rankings in the three catchments also show good agreement. The simulations for the future period show a basin-average SST warming of ≈ 2.5–3 K by the end of 21st century, but insignificant changes in Vb-cyclone frequency, mean intensity, and precipitation in the selected catchments. The NWMS sea surface temperature, evaporation, and wind speed anomalies corresponding to the Vb-cyclone precipitation rankings differ between the evaluation and historical simulations. In the evaluation simulation, Vb-cyclone precipitation rankings correspond with sea surface temperature, evaporation, and wind speed anomalies, while in the historical and the future simulation no such correspondence is seen. Especially the Adriatic and Ionian basins in the simulation driven by EC-EARTH show no sensitivity to the Vb-cyclone precipitation over the catchments. The change in the processes between evaluation and historical simulations might be due to the emergence of biases inherited from the driving EC-EARTH global simulation. The future simulation shows no significant process changes compared to the historical simulation.
Case Studies in Stroke: Common and Uncommon Presentations

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Michael G. Hennerici, MD, Michael Daffertshofer, MD, Louis R. Caplan, MD, et al. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge UK, 2007. ISBN 0-521-67367-4, $72.00. Scope: This is a multiauthored book encompassing 60 common and uncommon cases related to stroke. Each vignette introduces a short history and salient features of the neurologic examination. Most of the cases include CT, MRI, angiography, transcranial Doppler, or cerebral perfusion scanning. The core of the series lies in the discussion sections. Here, the authors provide a historical perspective and evidence. The reference section at the end of each chapter provides a means to explore the sentinel publications in further detail. Strengths: The utility of the book stems from its readability and use as an efficient stroll through the usual and unusual manifestations of cerebrovascular disease. Not only does it benefit the novice student or resident physician, but it also serves as a means to expand the differential diagnosis in an interesting way for the most seasoned stroke neurologist. The advanced imaging studies and rich list of historical and current references broaden the appeal. The viewpoints of Drs. Hennerici and Caplan reveal an impressive expertise. Weaknesses: The neurologic findings in most cases are neglected in favor of intricately described diagnostic studies. Although the random compilation of the cases adds suspense to the page turning, the series lacks organization. As such, its usefulness as a reference guide is probably limited to finding and reviewing one of the chosen pertinent publications cited at the end of each section. Recommended Audience: Medical students or residents working on an inpatient stroke service, neurologists seeking to expound on the differential diagnosis of stroke, and physicians or other clinical providers seeking an enjoyable read on diagnosis and management of stroke will find this book useful. Critical Appraisal: The authors remind their readers that the pathologic manifestations of the brain and its vascular supply are far from ordinary and at times can, in fact, be extraordinary. Andrew M. Southerland, MD Bradford B. Worrall, MD, MSc Department of Neurology University of Virginia Charlottesville, Virginia
Determination of a robust headspace GC-MS/MS method for analysis of ethyl alcohol and acetaldehyde: clinical application to pharmacokinetics study

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Due to the forensic aspects of drinking and exposure to toxic substances, more sophisticated quantitative technology is needed to quantify the concentration of ethyl alcohol and acetaldehyde in the blood. In this study, we developed a headspace gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method that could simultaneously detect ethyl alcohol and acetaldehyde in human plasma. Through a simple preparation process, ethyl alcohol and acetaldehyde were quickly detected within 4 min, and a lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) (20 and 0.2 µg/mL) was obtained; these results confirmed the suitability of the system. According to Food and Drug Administration guidelines, the linearity (correlation coefficient > 0.9996), intraday and intraday accuracy, precision, and both short- and long-term stability and freeze-thaw stability satisfied the evaluation criteria (within 100.0 ± 15.0% and 20.0% of the LLOQ). Carryover and batch size assessment for the evaluation of the sample influence during analysis also satisfied the evaluation criteria. A valid method was applied to the pharmacokinetics study, and the plasma from 43 subjects after oral administration of the placebo or HK-GCM-H01 was analyzed. The developed analysis method for ethyl alcohol and acetaldehyde in blood could be used in various fields, such as forensics and those requiring precise quantification.