jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Movement Speed and Accuracy in Space and Time: The Complementarity of Error Distributions

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Movement speed-accuracy trade-off is a function of the space-time constraints of the task. We investigated the space-time account of Hancock and Newell (1985) and the hypothesis of complementarity between the four moments of the error distribution in space and time. Twelve participants performed 15 conditions in a line drawing task composed of different spatial (10, 20, and 30 cm) and temporal (250 to 2,500 ms) criteria. The results showed that all moments of distributions changed systematically between conditions but there were some departures from the Hancock and Newell predictions. In contrast, individual analysis revealed the complementarity of the spatial and temporal error including a trade-off between the four moments of error. These findings support a complementary space-time account of movement speed and accuracy.
Heterologous Expression of the Lactococcus lactis Bacteriocin, Nisin, in a Dairy Enterococcus Strain

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT The bacteriocin nisin is produced only by some strains of Lactococcus lactis , and to date production in other lactic acid bacteria has not been achieved. Enterococcus sp. strain N12β is a nisin-immune transconjugant obtained from a nisin-producing donor ( L. lactis ATCC 11454) and a dairy recipient ( Enterococcus sp. strain S12β), but it does not produce nisin. In this study, using PCR amplification, we confirmed that the whole nisin operon is likely present in Enterococcus sp. strain N12β. Northern hybridization of total RNA from strain N12β with a nisA probe and the results of reverse transcriptase PCR showed the lack of nisA transcription in this strain. However, nisA transcription was partially restored in strain N12β upon growth in the presence of exogenous nisin, and the nisA transcription signal was intensified after an increase in the external nisin level. Furthermore, bioassays showed that active nisin was produced in a dose-dependent fashion by strain N12β following induction by exogenous nisin. These results indicated that expression of the nisin genes in Enterococcus sp. strain N12β depended on autoinduction via signal transduction. However, the amount of external inducing signal required was significantly greater than the amount needed for autoinduction in L. lactis .
Changes in Basel Capital Requirements and Lending Ability of African Commercial Banks

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Abstract This research examines the potential impact of Basel IV capital requirements (CAR) on bank lending ability in Africa. To achieve the objective, the study simulated Basel IV capital ratio using historical data to create sample representative banks as if the selected banks had implemented Basel IV CAR for the period 2000 and 2018 and used actual data for existing Basel II and III CAR. Dynamic panel regression analyses, namely the System GMM and P-ARDL, were utilised. First, our results suggest that higher Basel CAR, particularly the new Basel IV, portends short-term negative impacts on bank lending while the long-term impact on bank lending is favorable. Second, the weight of non-performing loans tends to decline as banks transitioned from lower to higher Basel CAR. Lastly, this study shows that complying with Basel IV CAR will help African banks to achieve financial deepening and increase bank lending ability.
In Vivo Evaluation of a Physiologic Control System for Rotary Blood Pumps Based on the Left Ventricular Pressure-Volume Loop

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Current generation continuous flow assist devices to operate at a fixed speed, which limits preload response and exercise capacity in left ventricular assist device (LVAD) patients. A feedback control system was developed to automatically adjust pump speed based on direct measurements of ventricular loading using a custom cannula tip with an integrated pressure sensor and volume-sensing conductance electrodes. The input to the control system is the integral of the left ventricular (LV) pressure versus conductance loop (PGA) over each cardiac cycle. The feedback control system adjusts pump speed based on the difference between the measured PGA and the desired PGA. The control system and cannula tip were tested in acute ovine studies (n = 5) using the HeartMate II LVAD. The preload response of the control system was evaluated by partially occluding and releasing the inferior vena cava using a vessel loop snare. The cannula tip was integrated onto a custom centrifugal flow LVAD and tested in a 14-day bovine study. The control system adjusted pump support to maintain constant ventricular loading: pump speed increased (decreased) following an increase (decrease) in preload. This study demonstrated in vivo the Starling-like response of an automatic pump control system based on direct measurements of LV loading.
Report on 1706.05511v2

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We present the inner products of eigenstates in integrable Richardson-Gaudin models from two different perspectives and derive two classes of Gaudin-like determinant expressions for such inner products.The requirement that one of the states is on-shell arises naturally by demanding that a state has a dual representation.By implicitly combining these different representations, inner products can be recast as domain wall boundary partition functions.The structure of all involved matrices in terms of Cauchy matrices is made explicit and used to show how one of the classes returns the Slavnov determinant formula.Furthermore, this framework provides a further connection between two different approaches for integrable models, one in which everything is expressed in terms of rapidities satisfying Bethe equations, and one in which everything is expressed in terms of the eigenvalues of conserved charges, satisfying quadratic equations.
In Vivo Antitumor Activity of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes Expanded in Recombinant Interleukin-2

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

A method was described for the generation of cells from tumor-bearing mice; these cells were capable of exhibiting significant antitumor reactivity when adoptively transferred into tumor-bearing hosts. Tumor cell suspensions from a variety of tumors were able to be separated using enzymatic techniques and they were cultured in medium containing recombinant interleukin-2. Activated infiltrating lymphocytes within these tumors expanded; and, by 6-8 days after initiation of culture, lymphocytes predominated and were able to grow to large numbers. The adoptive transfer of these tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) made possible mediation of the reduction of established 3-day pulmonary micrometastases from 5 of 7 tumors tested, including two 3-methylcholanthrene (CAS: 56-49-5)-induced sarcomas, one 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (CAS: 540-73-8)-induced colon carcinoma, and the B16 melanoma, all in C57BL/6 mice, as well as the 1660 bladder carcinoma in BALB/c mice. Approximately 2-4 X 10(6) transferred cells were capable of totally eliminating 3-day established metastases. These cells were thus 50 to 100 times more effective than lymphokine-activated killer cells in reducing established metastases; however, they could not be generated from all tumors. The concomitant administration of recombinant interleukin-2 enhanced, by approximately fivefold, the in vivo activity of these cells. The specificity of action of TILs in vivo was different from that determined by classic amputation rechallenge experiments. The tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes that developed this antitumor reactivity appeared to be Thy-1+ and did not bear the asialo GM1 antigen. The potent antitumor effect of these TILs, when transferred in vivo to tumor-bearing hosts, raises the possibility of utilizing similar approaches for the isolation and therapeutic use of lymphocytes with antitumor reactivity from human tumors.
Electronic Network Modeling of Rechargeable Batteries I. The Nickel and Cadmium Electrodes

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This work introduces electronic network modeling as a new way of simulating battery behavior. Mathematical descriptions are given for the Ni and Cd electrode charge/discharge reactions. These mathematical descriptions are sub-sequently introduced in the form of electronic components, combined in an electronic network. The advantage of this way of modeling is that it provides a compact electronic model of a battery, which can be used in any electronic-circuit sim-ulation, providing a tool to develop new battery-management systems. In addition, due to the discretization of the elec-trochemical reactions into separate electronic components, local currents and overpotentials occurring in the system can be studied. This information can be used to investigate the origin of certain battery behavior. introduclion Battery models which can predict the behavior of bat-teries under a wide variety of operating conditions are of considerable importance, especially to battery manufac-turers and manufacturers of battery-operated portable equipment. Both are confronted with a growing desire for lighter products with longer playing times. Much effort is
Failure Study of an Aluminum Bridge Deck Panel

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Aluminum bridge decks may prove to be an alternative to concrete decks for improving the performance of structural bridge systems. Combining excellent corrosion resistance with extremely low density, aluminum decks can prolong surface life, facilitate the construction process, and expand rehabilitation capabilities. Reynolds Metals Company, Richmond, Va., has invested considerable resources to develop a proprietary aluminum deck system. The Virginia Department of Transportation agreed to employ the Reynolds deck system in two projects. Using Federal Highway Administration sponsorship, the Virginia Transportation Research Council initiated a study to evaluate the aluminum deck system. The first phase of this project analyzed the static response of a 2.74 × 3.66 m (9 × 12 ft) deck panel. Both service-load tests and ultimate-load tests were performed on the panel at the Turner-Fairbank Structural Laboratory. The experimental and analytical evaluation of the ultimate load static tests is the subject of this paper. The failure load and failure mechanism were predicted with great accuracy. The model data predicted panel failure at a load of 911.89 kN (205 kips) by yielding under the load patch while failure during the laboratory test occurred at a load of 872.07 kN (196.05 kips) by gross yielding underneath the load patch.
Factor Analytic Study of Irrational Beliefs

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This study investigated the validity of the Rational-Emotive Therapy construct of irrational beliefs and provided discriminant validity for a test of irrational beliefs, the Idea Inventory. 216 male psychiatric inpatients from a large medical center were administered a battery of psychological measures. These included the Idea Inventory, the MMPI, the Beck Depression Inventory, the Hooper Visual Organization Test, and the Shipley Institute of Living Scale. The Idea Inventory is a 33-item scale assessing the 11 irrational beliefs of Ellis's RET schema. Correlations showed that there is adequate internal consistency among the 11 subscales of the Idea Inventory and that there were 73 of 110 significant coefficients between this scale and the MMPI. Only a small amount of common variance, however, is accounted for. Most importantly, a factor analysis using all of the scales yielded five factors. The first factor included the scales of the Idea Inventory exclusively, with the MMPI and cognitive scales loading on other factors. Discussion centered on the validity of the Idea Inventory and on the independence of irrational beliefs and psychopathology.
Innovative approach to the organization of internal audit of construction enterprises

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Introduction. The widespread introduction of auditing innovations by foreign enterprises lays the foundation for the application of new approaches to solving internal audit tasks. One of such innovative approaches, which has gained popularity among foreign enterprises, having branches in various countries of the world, is remote audit, focused on solving internal audit tasks by using information and communication technologies and ensuring an increase in the efficiency of the enterprise as a whole. Currently, the issue of implementing remote audit is being studied by the most Russian construction companies. Hence, the study focuses on the development of the concept of implementing remote audit by internal audit arms of large construction enterprises. Materials and methods. The application of methods of analysis and classification of information made it possible to pool the information about the implementation of remote audit at enterprises operating in various fields, organize a substantial information resource, and identify the problems of defining the term “remote audit”. The system method, used in the study, helped to develop the general idea of the process of implementing remote audit, analyze the current conditions affecting its implementation, formulate the factors influencing the implementation of remote audit; determine the principles of its application and the main stages of implementation. Results. The phased solution of the tasks, outlined in the study, contributed to the development of a concept of introduction of remote audit into the activities of internal audit arms of major construction enterprises having a network of branches that follows the plan-do-check-act (PDCA) model, whose cyclical nature contributes to the ongoing improvement of remote audit implementation processes. Conclusions. The concept for the introduction of remote audit has been developed Based on the results of the study. It allows to significantly unify the process of introducing remote audit into the activities of internal audit arms of large construction enterprises, having a branch network, and decrease the burden on audited companies, labour expenditures of auditors and audit deadlines.
Negative Chemotaxis: A New Approach to Marine Fouling Control.

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

A study of chemotaxis in marine bacteria showed that alteration in the chemical structure of attractants had a significant effect on the chemotactic response of the marine bacteria. A number of non-toxic organic compounds repelled bacteria responsible for primary film formation on marine surfaces. Tannic and benzoic acids and acrylamide were most effective. These repellents were applied to surfaces in non-toxic oil-based paint, both in laboratory and field studies. In both cases the repellents retarded the ecological succession leading to fouling of marine surfaces. Bacteria, algae and mollusks were inhibited in our initial studies. More extensive field studies at a number of locations are being initiated. This research indicates that non-toxic repellents have the potential to replace toxic metals as anti-fouling paints.
Repurposing of auranofin and honokiol as antifungals against Scedosporium species and the related fungus Lomentospora prolificans

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The slowing-down de novo drug-discovery emphasized the importance of repurposing old drugs. This is particularly true when combating infections caused by therapy-refractory microorganisms, such as Scedosporium species and Lomentospora prolificans. Recent studies on Scedosporium responses to oxidative stress underscored the importance of targeting the underlying mechanisms. Auranofin, ebselen, PX-12, honokiol, and to a lesser extent, conoidin A are known to disturb redox-homeostasis systems in many organisms. Their antifungal activity was assessed against 27 isolates belonging to the major Scedosporium species: S. apiospermum, S. aurantiacum, S. boydii, S. dehoogii, S. minutisporum, and Lomentospora prolificans. Auranofin and honokiol were the most active against all Scedosporium species (mean MIC50 values of 2.875 and 6.143 μg/ml, respectively) and against L. prolificans isolates (mean MIC50 values of 4.0 and 3.563 μg/ml respectively). Combinations of auranofin with voriconazole or honokiol revealed additive effects against 9/27 and 18/27 isolates, respectively. Synergistic interaction between auranofin and honokiol was only found against one isolate of L. prolificans. The effects of auranofin upon exposure to oxidative stress were also investigated. For all species except S. dehoogii, the maximal growth in the presence of auranofin significantly decreased when adding a sublethal dose of menadione. The analysis of the expression of genes encoding oxidoreductase enzymes upon exposure of S. apiospermum to honokiol unveiled the upregulation of many genes, especially those coding peroxiredoxins, thioredoxin reductases, and glutaredoxins. Altogether, these data suggest that auranofin and honokiol act via dampening the redox balance and support their repurposing as antifungals against Scedosporium species and L. prolificans.
Expectations and desires of palliative health care personnel concerning their future work culture

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Exploring the work culture of health care personnel is important in order to understand the challenges they face and the issues they experience. Believing in and shaping their futures indicates a working culture influenced by promoting factors. The aims of this study were to explore how health care workers at a Palliative Medicine Unit perceive their future work culture would be and whether they perceive that their expectations and desires will be fulfilled. Design: A correlational study. Methods: Health care personnel, physicians, nurses, physiotherapists, and others (N = 26) at a PMU in Norway completed a questionnaire according to the two perspectives, expectations (future) and desire (wish). The findings in these two perspectives were compared. The method seeks to explore what aspects dominate the particular work culture and identifying challenges, limitations, and opportunities. The findings were also compared with a reference group of 347 ratings of well-functioning Norwegian organizations, named the “Norwegian Norm”. Results: The findings for the wish perspective showed significant (p<0.05; p<0.01) higher rates for nurturing and synergy dimensions and significant lower rates (p>0.05; p>0.05) for opposition and control dimensions than the findings for the future perspective. Conclusions: It appears that the health care personnel wish for changes that they don’t believe they will achieve. The changes the respondents wish for are fewer negative work culture qualities, such as assertiveness and resignation, and more positive work culture qualities, such as engagement and empathy. Changes must be made to give the health care personnel improved working conditions and empowerment in order to change their situations to reflect what they wish for. The present findings can give an indication as to the direction that research ought to follow in subsequent studies.
What is your diagnosis?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Abdominal pain is a common finding in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), occurring in as many as half of all SLE patients in the course of their disease. The rheumatology and gastroenterology literature emphasizes etiologies of abdominal pain in patients with SLE such as peritonitis from polyserositis, dyspepsia from reflux, nausea and vomiting from bowel edema, ascites, mesenteric ischemia, pancreatitis, pneumatosis intestinalis from necrotizing enterocolitis, and hepatobiliary abnormalities. But in clinical practice, caring for SLE patients in a community teaching hospital, these seem to be rare entities.Patients and methods: A chart review study was performed of all patients with SLE with the diagnosis of abdominal pain admitted to a community teaching hospital between 1980 and 1995.Results: Of 13 patients who presented with abdominal pain, 9 required surgical intervention for cholecystitis, perforated ulcer, colonic perforation, diverticulitis, and adhesions. There were no negative laparotomies for polyserositis or bowel edema, or cases of mesenteric infarction or ascites.Conclusion: Despite some unusual diagnostic possibilities in abdominal pain in SLE such as polyserositis and mesenteric infarction, and despite the superimposed problems of steroid therapy in most of the patients in this study, the majority of lupus patients with abdominal pain presenting at community hospitals have relatively conventional illnesses.
Toxicological Test of Five Fungicides to Pinellia ternate Blight

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The characteristics of Pinellia ternate blight was investigated and its pathogen was isolated and cultivated. Five fungicides were used to screen for pharmacy. The results showed that the pathogen of Pinellia ternate blight was Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn. Amount the fungicides, thiram+ziram 80% WP had obvious inhibitive effects on mycelium growth.
Perfluoroaryl Zinc Catalysts Active in Cyclohexene Oxide Homopolymerization and Alternating Copolymerization with Carbon Dioxide

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The zinc complex Zn(C6F5)2(toluene) (1) behaves as a very active and selective catalyst in cyclohexene oxide (CHO) polymerization to produce poly(cyclohexene oxide) (PCHO) by the trans-ring-opening of CHO with remarkable TOF values at room temperature. The ring-opening copolymerization (ROCOP) of CO2 with CHO catalysed by 1 yields poly(cyclohexene carbonate) (PCHC) when using benzyl alcohol (BnOH) as an initiator at 120 °C. The 1H NMR monitoring of the in situ reaction of 1 with BnOH highlighted the formation of the dinuclear species [(C6F5)2Zn2(BnO)2 (2) that was isolated and found an active catalyst in the ROCOP of CO2 with CHO in the absence of initiators. Interestingly, PCHCs by 2 in solventless conditions show polydispersity index (Mw/Mn) values close to 2, corresponding to those expected for a single-site catalyst; on the contrary, a broader polydispersity index of the polymer products was found in toluene solution, suggesting the formation of new zinc catalysts during the polymerization reaction.
The Evolution of Housing Typologies for Older Adults in The Netherlands From 1945 to 2016: An Analysis in the Context of Policy, Societal, and Technological Developments

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study aims to examine housing typologies for older adults in the light of three qualitatively examined exogenous factors: policy, societal and technological changes. The developments in inpatient and semi-residential care facilities for older adults have been mapped from 1945-2016 using quantitative data. Using this data five transition periods can be distinguished. This research shows that the classification of inpatient, semi-residential and outpatient living may no longer be applicable in its current form. Through exogenous factors new typologies have emerged and this paper proposes a classification as a foundation for further research into housing typologies for older adults.