jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Uncertainty Quantification of Monolithic Tungsten Target Block Fatigue

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The current STS spallation target design consists of 21 water cooled, tantalum clad, monolithic tungsten blocks. The target wheel assembly rotates such that each target block receives a direct proton pulse every 1.4 seconds (21 blocks / 15 Hz pulses). The quasi-steady heating induced by the repetitive beam pulses creates a significant mean stress distribution in the target. On top of this, the rapid energy deposition from a proton pulse induces dynamic stress waves that are of the same order of magnitude as the mean stresses. Over the design goal of 5,000 operational hours per year for a decade, each target must withstand over 130 million repetitions of these dynamic stress events. The fatigue life prediction of the target blocks is a complex sequence of simulations that depend upon a set of input parameters. For the tungsten block, the end goal is the fatigue factor-of-safety (FOS). This study documents a new structural analysis routine using software available to U.S. national laboratories (e.g. CUBIT, Sierra Multiphysics, Dakota) that enables more rapid target fatigue analysis. The increased throughput is amenable to parameter sensitivity and uncertainty quantification (UQ) studies. A set of input parameters (ultimate strength, fatigue strength, density, elastic modulus, Poisson’s ratio, thermal conductivity, coefficient of thermal expansion, specific heat, flow rate) with expected ranges are documented based on literature data, recent experimental testing, and engineering judgement. UQ bounds the resulting fatigue FOS at [0.5, 3.4] using epistemic interval analysis. These bounds are expected to be wider due to model effects (discretization) and beam effects (focus, offset) that were not included. Parameter sensitivity underscores the importance of ultimate strength and fatigue strength of irradiated tungsten on the fatigue calculations.
Automated Spam Detection Using Stochastic Gradient Descent with Self-Attentive Deep Learning Model

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Since the usage of the Internet is rising, individuals were connected virtually through social networking sites like Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, and so on. This has resulted in surge in the spread of unwanted messages called spam that is utilized for accumulating personal data, marketing, or to offend individuals. As a result, it becomes essential to have a stronger spam detection method that might thwart this type of message. Spam detection is the most important machine learning-oriented application over the past few years. Simultaneously, spam detection on noisy platforms like Twitter which remains a challenge because of high variability and short text in the language used on social networking platforms. To resolve these issues, this paper presents an automated spam detection using stochastic gradient descent with deep learning (ASD-SGDDL) technique. The presented method had a focus towards the detection of spam in the Twitter data. The proposed ASD-SGDDL model pre-processes the tweets in different ways such as filtering, tokenization, stop word removal, and n-gram construction. Followed by, the ASD-SGDDL model utilizes self-attentive deep learning (SADL) method for spam detection and classification. For improving the performance of detection in the presented method, the hyperparameter tuning process can be carried out by utilizing the SGD model. The experimental validation of the proposed method is examined on a benchmark dataset and the outcomes are examined interms of different measures. A wide ranging comparison study stated the enhanced performance of the ASD-SGDDL method to other existing models.
1918 Natural Convection Air Cooling in a Vertical Channel of Electronic Equipment

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The natural cooling capacity and flow field in relatively small electronic equipment were studied in this study. A channel model was used as an experimental model of electronic equipment. The channel model has two vertical copper walls modeling the printed circuit boards and two transparent walls modeling the casing walls. The width between the copper walls is varied from 5mm to 15mm. The natural cooling capacity was obtained as functions of the wall clearance and heating power. The velocity distributions in the channel were quantitatively measured using a particle image velocimetry (PIV). Decreasing the channel width less than 10mm reduces air cooling capability of natural convection.
Patterns of Recurrence from Head and Neck Cancer An Immunologic Perspective

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The influence of pretreatment natural killer (NK) cell activity on patterns of disease recurrence in patients with head and neck cancer was studied. One hundred eighty-three patients were followed prospectively for disease recurrence following definitive therapy (median disease-free follow-up = 15 months). Pretreatment peripheral blood NK cell activity against K562 target cells was measured for each patient and expressed in lytic units (LU). The risk of death caused by recurrent disease was greatest in those patients with peripheral blood NK cell activity less than 60 LU (P less than 0.05). The site of recurrence could also be distinguished by LU value. As a percentage of total recurrences, locally recurrent disease was predominant in the patients with NK function greater than 60 LU whereas distant metastases predominated in the group of patients with peripheral blood NK cell activity less than 60 LU. These patterns were maintained when patients were stratified by clinical N stage (N = 0 versus N+), T stage (T-1 or T-2 versus T-3 or T-4), and treatment regimen (surgery alone versus surgery and postoperative radiation therapy). Natural killer cell activity appears to have prognostic significance, both for disease-free survival and for site of recurrence independent of clinical stage. The indications for multimodality therapy for patients with head and neck cancer when stratified by NK cell function need to be clarified.
Teacher performance appraisal and remuneration aspects of performance management on the example of Estonian general educational schools

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Doktoritöö eesmärk on töötada välja soovitused õpetajate töösoorituse hindamise ja tulemustasustamise arendamiseks Eesti üldhariduskoolides. Töösoorituse hindamise ja tulemustasustamise süsteemi kujundamine ja rakendamine eeldavad töösoorituse juhtimis-instrumendi väljatöötamist. Doktoritöös määratakse kindlaks õpetajate töösoorituse hindamise ja tulemustasustamise kujundamise ja rakendamise aspektid ning töötatakse välja ettepanekud õpetajate töösoorituse hindamise ja tulemustasustamise kriteeriumide valikuks. Selleks viidi Eesti üldhariduskoolides läbi ulatuslik ankeetküsitlus, mille käigus küsitleti 2165 õpetajat ja 298 koolijuhti. Probleemide süvauuringu raames viidi kolmes koolis läbi juhtumiuuringud. \n\tUuringust saadi kinnitust, et tulemuslik juhtimine eeldab töösoorituse juhtimisinstrumendi juurutamist Eesti üldhariduskoolides. Õpetajate töösoorituse hindamise ja tulemustasustamise kujundamise ning rakendamisega on tihedalt seotud kooli strateegiline juhtimine, ressursijuhtimine ja organisatsioonikultuur, mis aitavad kaasa pedagoogide positiivse suhtumise kujundamisele õpetajate töösoorituse juhtimise suhtes. Õpetajate töösoorituse juhtimine tagab kooli tasakaalustatud arengu ning tulemuslikkuse, mis eeldab õpiprotsessi, õpikeskkonna ja kooli juhtimisega seotud õpetajate töösoorituse hindamise ja tulemustasustamise kriteeriumide väljatöötamist ja tasakaalustatut rakendamist. Õpetajate tulemustasustamine aitab parandada töötulemusi nii individuaalselt kui ka kollektiivselt ning loob paremad eeldused õpetajate arenguks kooli eesmärkidest lähtuvalt.
Nutraceutical and Pharmacological Benefits of Some Leguminous Plants of North‐Western Himalaya

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Legumes have various types of active constituents with disinfection and disease‐prevention properties. They are highly nutritious, providing carbohydrates, proteins, fibre, vitamins, copper, zinc, iron, magnesium and phosphorus. They are free of saturated fats and cholesterol. The Fabaceae or Leguminosae is regarded as legume family, which includes a major group of plant resources in the north‐western Himalayan region, primarily used as food as well as medicine. The term ‘Nutraceutical’ is derived from two words ‘nutrient’ means nourishing food component and ‘pharmaceutical’, which means a medicinal drug. It refers to any product derived from food resources having extra health benefits and nutritional value. These include minerals, vitamins, herbs and their extracts, which provide us with health benefits and play a significant role in the prevention and treatment of various diseases like diabetes, renal disorders, gastrointestinal ailments, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, allergies, eye conditions, obesity and so forth. Therefore, nutraceuticals may contribute to preventing chronic diseases, improving health, postponing the ageing process and increasing life expectancy by supporting the functions and integrity of the body. The north‐western Himalayan region has several species of legumes of utmost significance due to their nutraceutical and therapeutic potential. Among these, major legumes are lentil, chickpea, soybean, kidney bean and groundnut, while several others legumes have rather limited commercial significance. Various parts, that is, young pods, fresh or mature seeds, leaves and flowers, of these legume plants are used for human consumption. In this article, efforts have been made to compile the nutraceutical and medicinal inferences of leguminous plants of north‐west Himalaya. The information provided also pertains to the nutritional benefits, antinutritional properties and distribution of legumes in various regions of north‐western Himalaya through the analysis of different works available in the literature.
Proceedings of the 3rd International Symposium on Practical Cognitive Agents and Robots

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

PCAR2010 is the 3rd international symposium in the series of bi-annual workshops on practical cognitive agents and robots. This symposium was held in Toronto on May 10th 2010 as an AAMAS workshop. PCAR2010 provides a unique opportunity to step back from technical details, and discuss the broader-picture applications of theory and philosophy in practical robot and agent systems. The symposium is focusing on designing and building robots that: can adapt to changing environments; understand what they are doing and their context in the world; and understand the relationship between internal and external representations of the world. We see theory as crucial to solving the technical bottlenecks. The symposium fosters conversation around symbol grounding, intelligence dynamics, representing tactics in robotic soccer or multi-robot coordination and cooperation, and how one might construct robots that actually know what they are doing. We have received high quality papers on practical multi-robot coordination and collaboration from a number of interesting domains, such as navigating partially unknown urban environments, undertaking scientific missions for lunar exploration, collaborating for a soccer game, as well as low-level fine-motor control for challenging terrains, and internal world modeling for dynamic and adversarial domains. Full-length versions of all submitted papers were reviewed by at least two independent reviewers. Instead of focusing only on presenting the accepted papers, PCAR2010 endeavored to provide an engaging yet visionary discussion-oriented workshop. Short talks by distinguished invited speakers serve as cues for open discussions on the pressing philosophical and technical challenges involved in applying knowledge representation and artificial intelligence to the practice of cognitive agents and robots.
Efek Histopatologis Insektisida λ-Cyhalothrin terhadap Insang, Hati, dan Usus Halus Ikan Nila (Oreochromis niloticus L., 1758)

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

λ-cyhalothrin is phyrethroid insecticide that can pollute the waters environment and cause sublethal as well as lethal effects to non-target organisms such as tilapia. This research were aimed to study the LC 50 96 h value and histopathological effects of λ-cyhalothrin on the gills, liver, and small intestine of tilapia. In this research fish were divided into control group and the treatment groups of λ-cyhalothrin at the concentration of 3, 6, 9, and 12 µg/L. The treatment used a static system for 96 hours. The LC 50 96 h value was analyzed by linear regression. Histopathological effects on the organs were analyzed using descriptive comparative. Histological preparation was done by the paraffin method, fixed in Bouin solution, and stained with Hematoxylin-Eosin. The results showed that LC 50 -96 h values of λ-cyhalothrin on tilapia was 6.519 µg/L. Gills damages were in the form of hyperplasia, necrosis, edema, secondary lamella fusion, removal of lamella epithelial cells, and primary lamella dilatation. Liver damages include hemorrhage, intravascular hemolysis on blood vessels, piknosis, and leukocytes infiltration. The intestine damages were fatty degeneration, edema, leukocyte infiltration, hemorhage, cloudy swelling, vacuolisation, necrosis, and arthropy. The gills, liver, and small intestine damages of tilapia range from slight to severe. It could be concluded that λ-cyhalothrin caused histopathological effects on the gills, liver, and small intestine of tilapia.
Typical and atypical medullary carcinomas of breast:a clinicopathological analysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose To explore the clinicopathological feature and the difference in biological behavior between typical and atypical medullary carcinomas of the breast. Methods We studied the clinical pathology data from 20 patients of typical and the atypical medullary carcinomas of breast with immunostaining (S-P method) for nm23, E-cad, p53, ER, PR, CD45RO and CD20. Results In the typical group, we found that the syncytial structure of cancer cells were more than 75%. There were no the glandular duct structures. Diffuse lymphocytic infiltration was detected in the stroma. In the atypical group, the structure of glandular duct could be detected and there were less or no the lymphocytic infiltration in the stroma. The positive rates of nm23 and E-cad were higher in typical medullary carcinoma than those in atypical medullay carcinoma. Following-up for 12 to 84 months (mean 37 months) showed that all patients had no metastasis to axillary lymph node, and all survived in typical group. In atypical group, after following-up for 9 to 84 months (mean 29.5 months), 4 cases (4/20) had metastases to axillary lymph nodes, and 4 cases were dead 1 to 3 years after operation. Conclusions The pathological diagnosis criteria of typical and atypical medullary carcinomas should be strictly handled, and the latter is not equal to invasive ductal carcinoma with medullary features in the breast. Both of the tumors have different prognosis, and the former is better than the latter.
Progresses of study on molecular mechanism and application of cytoplasmic male sterility in rapeseed

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Recent progresses of research on molecular mechanism of cytoplasmic male sterility in rapeseed was reviewed. It was believed that male sterility was correlated with mitochondrial genome mutations in different types of CMS lines of rapeseed, i.e., Ogu CMS, Pol CMS and nap CMS. It was possible to use molecular markers of mitochondrial DNA to classify and identify male sterile cytoplasms, and future development to improve CMS lines of rapeseed via biotechnology was also discussed.
Analysis of the Screening and Selection Process for U.S. Marine Corps Recruiting Station Commanding Officers

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Recruiting is the most challenging peacetime assignment for any United States Marine. It involves many internal and external factors that are generally beyond the control of recruiting personnel. In particular, Recruiting Station (RS) Commanding Officers are subject to intense pressure to make their assigned recruiting goals or be relieved from duty. It is thus critical for the Marine Corps Recruiting Command (MCRC) to select only the best-qualified officers to serve as recruiting commanders. This thesis has three main objectives: (1) analyze the current screening and selection process used by MCRC since fiscal 1996; (2) evaluate whether this process is more effective than the previous method; and (3) determine if the process can be improved. To accomplish these goals, the study reviews MCRC's responsibilities, policies, procedures, and rationale in determining the required characteristics of a successful RS Commanding Officer. The methodology relies on a literature review, personal interviews with individuals from all recruiting command levels, and descriptive data on RS Commanding Officers from fiscal 1990 through fiscal 2003. The results suggest that the current screening and selection process is effective and an improvement over the previous system. Recruiting commanders are more experienced, more diverse, and more suited to the task, based on several indicators. Recommendations are offered to change common perceptions of the current process as a "selection board."
Magnetic vector potential tree edge values for boundary elements

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

An efficient boundary integral equation solution for magnetic field problems is presented, based on a novel magnetic vector potential formulation and using edge elements and tree-cotree spanning. A zero normal component of this vector potential A and the condition for its line integral along any closed path on the boundary are imposed such that the continuity of the normal component of the magnetic flux density is rigorously satisfied. The unknowns employed are the tangential components of /spl nabla//spl times/A and only the tree edge element values. Multiply connected domains are easily dealt with by introducing certain pairs of cotree edges in the set of tree edges, which are used to construct the cuts that transform a multiply connected domain into a simply connected one. The line integrals of A along the cut loops are determined by the respective magnetic fluxes. The stiffness matrix can easily be obtained. Three illustrative examples are given.
Sodiophilic Interface and Electrolyte Regulation Boost the Lifespan of Anode‐Free Sodium Battery

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

ABSTRACT Anode‐free sodium batteries (AFSBs) have attracted increasing attention for their high energy density. However, they suffer from rapid capacity decline resulting from sodium dendrite growth at the sodium/host interface and irreversible side reactions at the electrolyte/sodium interface. Herein, a GaInSn‐coated Cu foil (G‐Cu), prepared by a simple brush coating method, was applied as the sodiophilic current collector to regulate sodium nucleation behavior. In addition, a nonexpendable functional electrolyte additive, hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO), was introduced, which could be absorbed on the sodium surface and serve as a protective layer against corrosion side reactions at the electrolyte/sodium interface. It is interesting to note that this additive barely participated in forming the solid electrolyte interphase. The synergetic effects of sodiophilic interface design and electrolyte regulation enable reversible sodium plating and stripping. Ultimately, the AFSB assembled using G‐Cu and HMDSO electrolyte with a highly loaded Na 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 cathode (≈12.5 mg cm −2 ) delivers a discharge capacity of 84.5 mAh g −1 after 200 cycles with a high capacity retention of 87.6%, significantly extending its operation lifespan.
Verified Optimization in a Quantum Intermediate Representation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We present sqire, a low-level language for quantum computing and verification. sqire uses a global register of quantum bits, allowing easy compilation to and from existing `quantum assembly' languages and simplifying the verification process. We demonstrate the power of sqire as an intermediate representation of quantum programs by verifying a number of useful optimizations, and we demonstrate sqire's use as a tool for general verification by proving several quantum programs correct.
Chemically reprogramming the phospho‐transfer reaction to crosslink protein kinases to their substrates

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract The proteomic mapping of enzyme–substrate interactions is challenged by their transient nature. A method to capture interacting protein kinases in complexes with a single substrate of interest would provide a new tool for mapping kinase signaling networks. Here, we describe a nucleotide‐based substrate analog capable of reprogramming the wild‐type phosphoryl‐transfer reaction to produce a kinase‐acrylamide‐based thioether crosslink to mutant substrates with a cysteine nucleophile substituted at the native phosphorylation site. A previously reported ATP‐based methacrylate crosslinker (ATP‐MA) was capable of mediating kinase crosslinking to short peptides but not protein substrates. Exploration of structural variants of ATP‐MA to enable crosslinking of protein substrates to kinases led to the discovery that an ADP‐based methacrylate (ADP‐MA) crosslinker was superior to the ATP scaffold at crosslinking in vitro . The improved efficiency of ADP‐MA over ATP‐MA is due to reduced inhibition of the second step of the kinase–substrate crosslinking reaction by the product of the first step of the reaction. The new probe, ADP‐MA, demonstrated enhanced in vitro crosslinking between the Src tyrosine kinase and its substrate Cortactin in a phosphorylation site‐specific manner. The kinase–substrate crosslinking reaction can be carried out in a complex mammalian cell lysate setting, although the low abundance of endogenous kinases remains a significant challenge for efficient capture.
The Use of Subtitling in Teaching Professional Interpretation

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Two studies of the General Direction for Education and Culture of the European Commission, one of 2008 and the other of 2011, recommend the use of subtitling both to encourage learning foreign languages and as a tool for formal learning of foreign languages. In this article we intend to illustrate the possibility of using subtitling for teaching professional interpretation from French into Romanian and from Romanian into French on the basis of their similarities. In subtitling and in interpreting, the meaning is rendered by the logical decoding of the linguistic and extralinguistic messages. Subtitling and interpreting are similar as far as the following are concerned: linguistic and extralinguistic competences involved, the semiotic systems, the types of constraints involved in decoding the message, a more active participation of the public, compared to the translation recipient. The article provides examples of the use of subtitling for all types of interpretation: sight translation, liaison interpreting, consecutive and simultaneous translation. Subtitling can be used for training various people at different degrees: university, post graduate, translators, communicators, etc. and also, with slight alterations, for improving the French language knowledge.