jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Resistance of cats to the diabetogenic effect of alloxan.

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Experimental diabetes mellitus can be induced chemically in many species of animals with streptozotocin or alloxan. However, the cat is known to be resistant to the diabetogenic effect of streptozotocin. The purpose of this study was to find the optimal dose and rate of injection of alloxan to consistently produce hyperglycemia (blood sugar levels greater than 300 mg/dl) in cats. Alloxan was administered to 22 cats at various concentrations (50, 100 and 150 mg/kg) and different rates of injection (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 ml/min). No hyperglycemic effect was observed at any of the concentrations or different rates of injection. Cats receiving high concentrations and/or high rates of injection of alloxan died due to kidney damage. The results of this study suggest that the cat is resistant to the diabetogenic effect of alloxan, but is susceptible to its toxic side effects.
Peer Review #1 of "Tumor microenvironment related novel signature predict lung adenocarcinoma survival (v0.1)"

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background:Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most common histological type of lung cancers, which is the primary cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide.Growing evidence has suggested that tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a pivotal role in tumorigenesis and progression.Hence, we investigate the correlation of TME related genes with LUAD prognosis.Method:The information of LUAD gene expression data was obtained from The Cancer Genome Atla(TCGA).According to their immune/stromal scores calculated by the ESTIMATE algorithm, differentially expressed genes(DEGs) were identified.Then, we performed univariate Cox regression analysis on DEGs to obtain genes that are apparently bound up with LUAD survival (SurGenes).Functional annotation and protein-protein interaction (PPI) was also conducted on SurGenes.By validating the SurGenes with another data sets of lung cancer from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), 106 TME related SurGenes were generated.Further, intersection analysis was executed between the 106 TME related SurGenes and hub genes from PPI network, PTPRC and CD19 were obtained.And Gene Set Enrichment Analysis and CIBERSORT analysis were performed on PTPRC and CD19.Based on the TCGA LUAD dataset, we conducted factor analysis and Step-wise multivariate Cox regression analysis for 106 TME related SurGenes to construct the prognostic model for LUAD survival prediction.LUAD dataset in GEO (GSE68465) was used as the testing dataset to confirm the prognostic model.Multivariate Cox regression analysis was used between risk score from the prognostic model and clinical parameters.Result:106 TME related genes were collected in our research totally, which were markablely correlated with the overall survival(OS) of LUAD patient.Bioinformatics analysis suggest them mainly concentrated on immune response, cell adhesion, and extracellular matrix.More importantly, among 106 TME related SurGenes, PTPRC and CD19 were highly interconnected nodes among PPI network and correlated with immune activity, exhibiting significant prognostic potential.The prognostic model was a weighted linear combination of the 106 genes, by which the low-OS LUAD samples could be separated from the high-OS samples with success.This model was also able to rebustly predict the situation of survival (training set: p-value<0.0001,areaunder the curve (AUC) =0.649; testing set: p-value=0.0009,AUC=0.617).By combining with clinical parameters, the prognostic model was optimized.The AUC achieved 0.716 for 3 year and 0.699 for 5 year. Conclusion:A series of TME-related prognostic genes were acquired in this research, which could reflect immune disorders within tumor microenvironment, and PTPRC and CD19 show the potential to be an indicator for LUAD prognosis and tumor microenvironment modulation.The prognostic model constructed base on those prognostic genes presented a high predictive ability, and may have clinical implications in the overall survival prediction of LUAD.
Heat shock‐induced mitotic arrest requires heat shock protein 105 for the activation of spindle assembly checkpoint

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Heat shock causes proteotoxic stress that induces various cellular responses, including delayed mitotic progression and the generation of an aberrant number of chromosomes. In this study, heat shock delayed the onset of anaphase by increasing the number of misoriented cells, accompanied by the kinetochore localization of budding uninhibited by benzimidazole–related (BubR)1 in a monopolar spindle (Mps)l‐dependent manner. The mitotic delay was canceled by knockdown of mitotic arrest defect (Mad)2. Knockdown of heat shock protein (Hsp)105 partially abrogated the mitotic delay with the loss of the kinetochore localization of BubR1 under heat shock conditions and accelerated mitotic progression under nonstressed conditions. Consistent with this result, Hsp105 knockdown increased the number of anaphase cells with lagging chromosomes, through mitotic slippage, and decreased taxol sensitivity more than Mad2 knockdown. Hsp105 was coprecipitated with cell division cycle (Cdc)20 in an Mps1‐dependent manner; however, its knockdown did not affect coprecipitation of Mad2 and BubR1 with Cdc20. We propose that heat shock delays the onset of anaphase via the activation of the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC). Hsp105 prevents abnormal cell division by contributing to SAC activation under heat shock and nonstressed conditions by interacting with Cdc20 but not affecting formation of the mitotic checkpoint complex.—Kakihana, A., Oto, Y., Saito, Y., Nakayama, Y. Heat shock‐induced mitotic arrest requires heat shock protein 105 for the activation of spindle assembly checkpoint. FASEB J. 33, 3936–3953 (2019). www.fasebj.org
Numerical studies of natural convection phenomena for a vertical cylinder with multiple lateral baffles in triangular and hexagonal enclosures

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Numerical case studies for natural convection were conducted for triangular and hexagonal enclosures as a follow-up to a previous study of natural convection for a baffled cylinder in a square enclosure. For a Prandtl number of 0.71, a range of the length ratio corresponding to the spatial ratio was varied from 0.4 to 0.9, and Rayleigh numbers from 2.5 × 103 to 5.0 × 107 was considered. To model the buoyancy force, the Boussinesq approximation was adopted. The boundary condition of constant wall temperature was applied to the cylinder and enclosure surfaces. Overall trends of the heat transfer performance were separated into conduction- and convection-dominated regimes, similar to the previous study. Because of the wider space of the triangular enclosure, however, an advantage of the convection effect was observed in the triangular enclosure. Due to the short distance between the cylinder and enclosure, the hexagonal enclosure had a more conduction-dominated characteristic than that of the triangular enclosure. A strong correlation was identified between the location of the high-energy vortex and the Nusselt number distribution. Using the calculation results, an improved average Nusselt number correlation is proposed to include triangular, square and hexagonal enclosures.
INCIDENTAL FOCUS ON FORM AND SECOND LANGUAGE LEARNING

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Incidental focus on form overtly draws learners' attention to linguistic items as they arise spontaneously - without prior planning - in meaning-focused interaction. This study examined the effectiveness of incidental focus on form in promoting second language (L2) learning. Seventeen hours of naturally occurring, meaning-focused L2 lessons were observed in 12 different classes of young adults in a private language school in Auckland, New Zealand. A total of 491 focus-on-form episodes (FFEs) were identified and used as a basis for individualized test items in which participants who participated in specific FFEs were asked to recall the linguistic information provided in them. The results revealed that learners were able to recall the targeted linguistic information correctly or partially correctly nearly 60% of the time 1 day after the FFE, and 50% of the time 2 weeks later. Furthermore, successful uptake in a FFE was found to be a significant predictor of correct test scores. These results suggest that incidental focus on form might be beneficial to learners, particularly if they incorporate the targeted linguistic items into their own production.
Stratifying risk of recurrence of atrial fibrillation following balloon cryoablation using the CAAP‐AF risk scoring system

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Objective To determine if the CAAP‐AF tool could be applied to a cohort of patients in the United States undergoing cryoablation or AF utilizing second‐generation cryoballoons. Background Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a major source of morbidity and expense, with over 33 million individuals affected worldwide and over 450 000 hospitalizations annually in the United States. Catheter ablation for AF is a class I indication for patients with symptomatic AF. The ability to predict postablation recurrence would have an enormous impact on both patient outcomes and cost to the health care system. Methods Our study was an observational, single‐center retrospective study to evaluate the utility of the CAAP‐AF risk scoring system in predicting recurrence of AF following second‐generation balloon cryoablation for AF. Results There were a total of 235 patients. From the initial cohort, 30.2% (71) had a recurrence of AF within 1 year of the cryoablation procedure. There was a statistically significant increase in mean age, left atrial diameter, left atrial volume index, CHADS 2 , CHADS 2 ‐VASc, and number of antiarrhythmics failed in the group that had recurrence of AF. There was also a statistically significant increase in the CAAP‐AF score in patients who had recurrence of AF. Conclusions The CAAP‐AF score predicted the freedom from AF 1 year following cryoablation for AF. The CAAP‐AF score can aid in selecting patients most likely to benefit from cryoablation, which includes patients with a low CAAP‐AF score, as they are most likely to remain AF free at 1 year.
Monthly interpolated geochemical data from IODP Expedition 310 Tahiti coral, profile 310-9D-9R-1 (80-90 cm)

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Here we present monthly resolved geochemical proxy data (Sr/Ca, Mg/Ca, δ18O, δ13C) extracted along the growth axes of Porites skeletons recovered during IODP Expedition 310 “Tahiti Sea Level”. These coral colonies have been U-Th dated and cover an age between 9.06 and 15.15 ka BP.
Dental contour extraction using ISEF Algorithm for human identification

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, the features extracted are the tooth contours because they remain more invariant over time compared to some other features of the teeth. For the Edge Detection we are using ISEF Algorithm. By the combination of dental contour extraction and ISEF Algorithm we get better results in form of matrix to match with another radiographs. Infinite symmetrical exponential filter is used as optimal edge detector to find better contouring between any teeth contacts and the local deviations on termination boundaries. Results show that the proposed method achieves a precise measurement of basic dimensions. The proposed approach is invariant with respect to the orientation and it is easy to implement.
Training Human Translators as Opposed to Programming Machine Translation Systems: A Performative Model

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This paper combines the communicative model of translation with performative linguistics to arrive at a translation model that is meant to proactively shape the attitudes of future translators. Central to this model is the claim that the translator, like any communicator, has a communicative intent that gets expressed in the target text. This is contrasted with machine translation, which is concerned with finding equivalents to translation units without actually having anything to say in the target language. The paper concludes by indicating a way of building a translation evaluation system on the proposed model.
Exploring systemic treatment approaches for advanced pure large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC): A multicenter retrospective analysis.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

8106 Background: Due to lack of prospective data, the optimal first line treatment approach for patients (pts) with pure LCNEC histology remains uncertain. Methods: Across 17 centers, we conducted a retrospective analysis of metastatic pure LCNEC (diagnosed at local institutions) who received 1 st -line systemic therapy between 2015-2023. Pts were either treated with chemotherapy (chemo), immunotherapy (IO), or a combination (chemoIO). Clinical outcomes were progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), objective response rates (ORR), and treatment-related adverse events (trAE) as defined using CTCAE 5.0. Survival analysis by genomic alteration status ( TP53, RB1, STK11, KEAP1, KRAS) and PD-L1 status were performed. Results: We identified 161 pts with median age of 67 years (IQR: 58-83) at 1st line systemic therapy; 54% (n = 87) were males. Median follow-up was 55 months (mo), 62 mo, and 29 mo for the chemo, IO, and chemoIO groups, respectively. 79% (n = 127) were former or current smokers. 1st-line treatments were chemo (n = 94), IO (n = 11), or chemoIO (n = 56). Of 85 pts with PD-L1 status, 58 (68%) were 0% and 27 (32%) were ≥1%. The most common chemo regimen was platinum-etoposide (n = 72, 78%). ChemoIO regimens included carboplatin/etoposide/atezolizumab (n = 23, 43%) and carboplatin/pemetrexed/pembrolizumab (n = 17, 31%). In the IO group, 1 patient received dual IO. Lung (n = 74, 46%) and liver (n = 71, 41%) were the most common sites of metastasisThere was no significant difference in PFS across the groups (median PFS [mPFS] chemoIO: 5.7 mo, 95% CI: 5.0-6.3, chemo: 5.1 mo, 95% CI: 3.1-5.9; IO: 3.6 mo, 95% CI: 1.7-6.5) on multivariable analysis adjusting for ECOG and “M” stage (p = 0.2 and 0.24 for chemoIO-chemo and chemoIO-IO comparisons, respectively). There was no difference in OS (mOS chemo: 11 mo, 95% CI: 7.6-17.4; IO: 13.6 mo, 95% CI: 5.9-not reached; chemoIO: 12.2 mo, 95% CI: 7.4-20.6, p = 0.5 and 0.8 for chemoIO-chemo and chemoIO-IO comparisons, respectively). ORR was 35.2% (31/88) in chemo, 25% (2/8) in IO, and 35.7% (20/56) in chemoIO ( p= 0.46). There were no significant differences in PFS and OS outcomes by treatment group when divided by genetic profile (n = 79, methods), or by PD-L1 status (0% vs ≥1%). Any grade trAE occurred in 48 (51%), 5 (45%), and 28 (50%) pts treated with chemo, IO, and chemoIO, respectively. Grade ≥3 toxicity profiles are shown (table). Conclusions: For 1st-line treatment of LCNEC, similar PFS, OS, and ORR were seen for chemo, IO, and chemoIO. This questions the added benefit of chemoIO compared to chemo alone, and warrants future clinical trials to discern the optimal 1 st line treatment. [Table: see text]
Effect of aliskiren on arterial stiffness, compared with ramipril in patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background Aliskiren is a novel blood pressure-lowering agent acting as an oral direct renin inhibitor. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of aliskiren on arterial stiffness, compared with that of ramipril in mild to moderate essential hypertensive patients. Methods Following a two week placebo run-in period, patients with a mean sitting diastolic blood pressure (ms-DBP) ≥95 and <110 mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa), and a mean sitting systolic blood pressure (ms-SBP) <180 mmHg were randomly allocated to treatment with aliskiren (150 mg/d, n =20) or ramipril (5 mg/d, n =20) for eight weeks. Blood pressure, plasma renin activity, and the brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (ba-PWV) were measured before and after eight weeks of treatment. Results Eight weeks of treatment significantly decreased systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure in both the aliskiren group and ramipril group. The hypotensive effect did not differ between the two groups. Plasma renin activity decreased after aliskiren treatment and increased after ramipril treatment. There was no significant difference in baseline ba-PWV between the aliskiren and ramipril groups ( P =0.892). The ba-PWV was significantly reduced in both the aliskiren group (1535 (1405-1666) vs. 1464 (1360-1506) cm/s) ( P <0.01) and the ramipril group (1544 (1433-1673) vs. 1447 (1327-1549) cm/s) ( P <0.01). No statistically significant difference was found in the decline of ba-PWV between the two groups ( P =0.766). Conclusions The current study revealed that aliskiren (150 mg/d) could ameliorate arterial stiffness and its effect was similar to ramipril (5 mg/d) in mild to moderate hypertensive patients, indicating that in addition to lowering blood pressure, aliskiren had beneficial effect on vascular protection.
Remembering Seamus Heaney

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The Winter 2013-14 issue of Ploughshares. Ploughshares is an award-winning journal of new writing. Two out of each year’s three issues are guest-edited by prominent writers who explore different personal visions, aesthetics, and literary circles, with the Winter issue staff-edited. Dedicated to Seamus Heaney (1939-2013), a former guest editor, this issue of Ploughshares features a short remembrance of the Irish master by the poet Joyce Peseroff. The prose has a particularly international flavor, from Andrew Foster Altschul’s story “Embarazada,” about a fraught relationship between a Peruvian waitress and an American tourist, to “498,” about a soldier caught in the brutality of the Spanish Civil War. Robert Anthony Seigel’s Plan B essay describes his years as a tour guide for Japanese visitors to New York, and Jennifer Acker celebrates the work of the Australian writer Shirley Hazzard. The Winter issue also features poetry by Kevin Young, Linda Bamber, Michael Mlekoday, and Carl Dennis, among many others; a newly discovered poem by Alan Dugan; and the winners of the Emerging Writer’s Contest.
A taxonomic note on the tapejarid pterosaurs from the Pterosaur Graveyard site (Caiuá Group, ?Early Cretaceous of Southern Brazil): evidence for the presence of two species

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The Caiuá Group (Cretaceous of Southern Brazil) is famous for the Pterosaur Graveyard site, a location that has yielded hundreds of tapejarid specimens, among other taxa. Previous works had already presented various specimens of Pterosaur Graveyard (PG) tapejarids, reporting on several cranial elements showing substantial anatomical variations. These variations have been interpreted as intraspecific in nature, with all tapejarid specimens having been attributed to a single species, Caiuajara dobruskii. The present contribution reassesses the morphological diversity found in PG tapejarid specimens. Evidence is provided for the interpretation of several variations as interspecific in nature, particularly regarding rostral, palatal, occipital, and third cervical morphology. The present data indicate a segregation of the PG tapejarid specimens between two consistent morphotypes, which are interpreted here as two distinct, coexisting species: Caiuajara dobruskii and Torukjara bandeirae gen. et sp. nov.
Efficient selective hydrogenation of phenylacetylene over Pd-based rare earth dual-atomic catalysts

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Selective hydrogenation of phenylacetylene to styrene plays a vital role in fine chemical synthesis with palladium (Pd)-based catalysts as the active components and usually suffered from low selectivity due to over-hydrogenation and low stability through polymerization (c.a. green oil generation). In this work, we found that by confining the Pd atom within a Pd-Ln (Ln: rare earth elements, such as Y, Lu, etc. ) diatomic structure [diatomic catalyst (DAC)], the reaction performance of selective hydrogenation of phenylacetylene has been greatly promoted, in which 92% styrene selectivity has been determined at 100% phenylacetylene conversion. This would be attributed to the diatomic structure established, which was achieved by introducing Pd-Ln precursors and confirmed by high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM) and X-ray adsorption fine structure (XAFS) characterizations and it was demonstrated that slight electron transfer from Ln to the adjacent isolated Pd makes it slightly negatively charged and facilitated the styrene formation. Besides, a Langmuir-Hinshelwood model was established to describe the whole reaction mechanism. After a systematic kinetic investigation, it suggests that the C8H6* + H* elementary step is probably the kinetically relevant for the whole reaction and the surface of the catalyst is mainly covered by C8H6*. The energy relationship of each step along phenylacetylene hydrogenation was quantitatively described by means of parity fitting and gas isothermal adsorption, providing insights into the selective hydrogenation of phenylacetylene over 0.02%Pd-Ln/C (Ln = Y/Lu) catalysts and pave the way of catalytic design at the atomic level.
Women’s economic empowerment and COVID-19: the case of vulnerable women with intersectional identities in Indonesia and Vietnam

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In recent decades, ASEAN has seen significant progress in gender equality and women's empowerment. However, advances have not been even and vulnerable women with a range of intersectional identities have not benefited to the same extent as more privileged women or their male counterparts. Moreover, despite ASEAN's much-lauded success in COVID-19 prevention and containment, the economic gains that had been achieved for women and girls are rapidly losing ground. Disruptions in the tourism sector, labour migration, and international trade have had a devastating economic impact on vulnerable populations, while innovations and new implementation approaches have provided some relief for low-income communities. This paper describes the COVID-19 economic fallout for women homeworkers and labour migrants engaged in informal jobs in Indonesia and low-income ethnic minority women in agriculture and tourism sectors in north-west Vietnam. It discusses early experiences and learning on pivoting projects, funded by the Government of Australia, to be COVID-19 responsive and contribute to longer-term recovery.