jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Profile of Short Vowel ‘A’ in Japanese Language that Determines the Meaning as Pronounced by University Students in Indonesia

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The research discussed that certain sounds, like the short vowel ‘a’, which was entirely different from the long vowel ‘a’, were specific to Japanese and had distinct meanings from those of Indonesian. As a result, 60 students majoring in Japanese language instruction from six Indonesian universities were interviewed face-to-face and recorded. Native speakers of the Japanese language were requested to record their voices using the short vowel ‘a’ as the students’ sound reference. After that, the students were asked to identify and produce the short vowel ‘a’. PRAAT was then used to analyze the students’ recordings. Additionally, the students’ sounds were contrasted with those of Japanese native speakers. The spectrogram analysis clearly shows that students are still having trouble telling the difference between the long vowel ‘a’ (OBAASAN) and the short vowel ‘a’ (OBAASAN) because they produce significantly longer short vowels ‘a’ that are almost as long as double vowel ‘a’. This is highly likely to occur since Japanese language learners are not taught to deliberately recognize the distinct sounds, such as the long and short vowels ‘a’, that distinguish the language’s meanings. In addition, their low frequency and energy density of pronunciation of the short vowel ‘a’ suggest they are less confident in their pronunciation.
EORTC 18991: Long-term adjuvant pegylated interferon-alpha2b (PEG-IFN) compared to observation in resected stage III melanoma, final results of a randomized phase III trial

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

8504 Background: EORTC 18991 is the largest adjuvant trial ever conducted in stage III melanoma. It assessed the efficacy and toxicity of long term PEG-IFN vs Observation (Obs.). Methods: PEG-IFN (Induction at 6μg/Kg/wk, sc, 8 weeks; followed by Maintenance at 3μg/Kg/wk, sc) for a total treatment duration of 5 years was compared to Obs. in 1256 patients (pts) with stage III melanoma (anyTN1–2M0 without in-transit metastases). Randomization was stratified for nodal involvement N1 (microscopic) vs N2 (palpable nodes), # of nodes, Breslow and ulceration of primary, sex and center. Distant Metastasis-Free Survival (DMFS) was the primary endpoint. Relapse-Free Survival (RFS) was the pre-specified regulatory primary endpoint. Overall survival (OS) was the secondary endpoint. Intent-to-treat analysis was performed. Results: Median follow-up was 3.8 yrs: HR = Hazard Ratio; NR = Not Reached In N1-pts (n=543) the benefit of PEG-IFN seemed more pronounced than in N2-pts (n=713): RFS (HR 0.73 p=0.02 and HR 0.86 p=0.12 for N1 and N2, respectively), DMFS (HR 0.75 p=0.03 and HR 0.94 p=0.53) and OS (HR 0.88 p=0.43 and HR 1.01 p=0.91). PEG-IFN therapy relative dose intensity (actual/planned dose while treated) reached median 88% (induction) and 83% (maintenance). 251 pts (40 %) stopped PEG-IFN because of toxicity. Grade 3–4 - mostly grade 3 - toxicities were reported in 45% (PEG-IFN), vs 12% (Obs.), including most frequently fatigue (15%), hepatotoxicity (10%) and depression (6%) with ECOG 0–1 Performance Status maintained in 83% of pts during maintenance. Conclusions: Long term PEG-IFN therapy in stage III melanoma had a significant and sustained impact on RFS, but not on DMFS and OS. Pts with only microscopic nodal involvement (Sentinel Node positive) seemed to have greater benefit in terms of both RFS and DMFS. Similar better effects of adjuvant IFN therapy in pts with lower disease burden are observed in 2 consecutive EORTC trials (18952 and 18991) involving 2644 pts. [Table: see text] [Table: see text]
Evaluasi CIPP Terhadap Implementasi Skema Murur Dalam Ibadah Haji 1445 H

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The murur scheme is a preventive measure in organizing the Hajj in 2024 where this scheme is a form of evaluation of the implementation of the Hajj in the previous year which is intended to maintain the safety and comfort of the elderly, high risk, disabled, and their companions, especially in avoiding the density of Muzdalifah. This study aims to evaluate the implementation of the murur scheme using the CIPP (Context, Input, Process, Product) evaluation model. This research uses a qualitative approach with. Data were obtained through in-depth interviews and analyzed descriptively. The results show that the murur scheme is a policy of field challenges and has a positive impact on the level of congregation satisfaction, safety and efficiency of the Hajj pilgrimage, but still requires strengthening in the aspects of coordination, training of officers and provision of adequate facilities for more optimal implementation in the future. This research is expected to provide empirical and practical contributions to the development of Hajj service policies that are more adaptive, inclusive, and based on the needs of priority pilgrim groups in the future.
Equivalent Nonlinearities for Studying Nonlinear Effects on Sampled OFDM Signals

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this work we consider nonlinear effects on sampled orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signals and we present a method for obtaining a polynomial function with small degree that can be used to substitute severe nonlinear characteristics (possibly non-differentiable, as clipping functions), since it leads to signals with essentially the same spectral characteristics. This equivalent nonlinearity is then employed for performance evaluation of clipped OFDM signals, leading to accurate results with both conventional and optimum receivers.
Variations in Immediate-early Genes Encoding c-Fos, c-Jun and IER5 Transcription Factors are Associated with Ischemic Stroke

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Transcription factors make a great contribution in the regulation of mechanisms, which are involved in the preand post-stroke events. The main goal of the current study was to evaluate the potential association of single nucleotide polymorphisms FOS (rs7101, rs1063169), JUN (rs11688) and IER5 (rs6425663) with ischemic stroke in Armenian population. A total 161 patients with ischemic stroke and 165 controls were involved in this study. Transcription factors were genotyped using polymerase chain reaction with sequence-specific primers (PCR-SSP). Association of genotype, allelic and carriage frequencies with ischemic stroke was assessed using Pearson's Chisquare test. Multiple test corrected p values less than 0.05 were considered significant. The data obtained demonstrated a significant negative association between the FOS rs1063169*T, JUN rs11688*A and IER5 rs6425663*T minor alleles with ischemic stroke. On the other hand, the frequency distribution of rs7101*T minor allele of FOS gene and its carriage rate in the group of patients were significantly higher than in controls. Our results indicate that the minor alleles of FOS rs1063169, JUN rs11688 and IER5 rs6425663 SNPs can be considered as protective against ischemic stroke, whereas the minor allele of FOS rs7101 SNP represents a risk factor for this disease.
New-onset psychosis in AIDS.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Psychotic symptoms during the course of HIV infection constitute a known complication. New-onset psychosis, diagnosed usually by exclusion of other psychoses, is characterized by distinct constellation of symptoms and a varied clinical course, and has been linked to putative neurotransmitter pathology in cortical neurones. A case of new-onset psychosis in AIDS is discussed and it's theoretical and practical importance highlighted.
A comparison between Platelet-rich plasma and low-level laser therapy for the treatment of second degree burn in sheep

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Background and aims: This experiment was conducted in order to compare the effect of Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and low-level laser (LLL) therapy on healing of second-degree burn wound in sheep. Materials and Methods: Fourteen adult rams were divided into four groups of equal numbers. A second-degree burn was generated on the back of all animals. The burned area in the first and second group was exposed and autologous PRP and LLL (6 J/cm2), respectively were applied on burned area continuously for five days. Fourteen days later, samples were collected from all animals for histopathological examinations. Results: Histopathological evaluations on the second week showed the burn healing to be better in the PRP than LLL and both of them were better with respect to the control group. Conclusion: The application of PRP for five days is effective than LLL application in healing burn-related skin wounds in sheep model.
Sediment deposition dynamics in a high-altitude lake system in the northern Ecuadorian Andes

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

High-altitude lakes are sensitive archives of environmental change, yet remain understudied with respect to sediment deposition dynamics. In particular, the tropical Andes of Ecuador are globally-relevant biodiversity hotspots and carbon sinks, which are highly threatened by climate change and human impacts. To learn from the past, we study the depositional history of Lake Caricocha, a high-elevation caldera lake (> 3,700 m asl) located in the Mojanda Lake region, north of Quito, Ecuador. A 72 cm-long sediment core was recovered and analyzed using a multi-proxy approach, including visual core description of the lake sediment facies, X-ray fluorescence core scanning, magnetic susceptibility, C/N and grain-size analysis. Radiocarbon dating was combined with tephra analyses to provide viable sediment accumulation rates over the last three millennia. Granulometric and geochemical data were evaluated using multivariate statistical techniques, including cluster analysis, principal component analysis, and end-member modelling analysis, to infer sediment provenance and deposition dynamics within the lake-catchment system. The record reveals three major stratigraphic units intercalated with at least eight tephra layers and a high-energy event layer. Our analysis separates detrital sediment input from sediment input by volcanic eruptions, post-eruption reworking or catchment erosion during extreme events that activate the few existing inflows. We discuss grain-size and geochemical data as key to understand and unmix the lake-internal deposition from terrestrial erosion dynamics. This study contributes to a growing understanding of sediment dynamics in tropical high-altitude lakes, and their potential implications for local water resource management.
Eyes from the sea and the doctors of the sea : sacred spaces of the ancestors to the marine protected areas of the vazaha on the vezo coastline in Madagascar

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

La bande côtière du littoral Sud-ouest de Madagascar est occupée par le groupe des Vezo dont la pêche est le principal moyen de subsistance. Cette occupation s’inscrit dans une longue histoire depuis l’époque de la traite d’esclaves, au XVIIème siècle. Les Vezo ont fondé leur identité grâce à la pêche et à la maîtrise de la navigation, avec la mise en place de sites interdits en mer pour gérer les ressources. Au début des années 1980, les océanographes ont signalé que les écosystèmes marins et côtiers étaient « en danger ». On attribue généralement la dégradation de l’environnement à l’accroissement de la pauvreté, à une demande accrue de produits halieutiques par le marché national et international, ainsi qu’à l’augmentation du nombre des usagers de la mer. Le diagnostic négatif quant à l’évolution des écosystèmes est à l’origine de l’intervention des institutions internationales et agences de développement dès le début des années 1990. Sur le registre du développement, il s’agit alors de moderniser les pratiques traditionnelles vezo et leurs engins de pêche. Dans le même temps, les conservationnistes créent des réserves marines et assurent la promotion du « volontourisme » et de l’aquaculture. A travers l’exemple d’Andavadoake, nous analysons l’évolution de l’occupation de l’espace ainsi que celle des pratiques de pêche, dont l’originalité était la gestion des tanifaly, espaces sacrés. Quelle évolution de l’identité vezo autorise l’appréhension d’un tel changement ? Une analyse des stratégies territoriales dans leur profondeur historique nous permet de remettre en cause le classement des Vezo en groupe ethnique, ce qui est aussi une des ambitions de notre thèse. Enfin, nous évaluons dans quelle mesure la politique de mise en réserves des écosystèmes marins a participé aux transformations organisationnelles et spatiales des Vezo.
Persistent errors in the perception and production of word-initial English stop consonants by native speakers of Italian

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This study examined the perception and production of word-initial tokens of English stops (/b d g/ and /p t k/) by native speakers of Italian. The native Italian subjects were assigned to one of four groups based on their age of arrival (AOA) to Canada from Italy and percentage of self-reported use of the native language, Italian. The results obtained here suggested that AOA was a more important predictor of the native Italian subjects’ perception and production of word-initial English stops than L1 use was. The results also provided evidence of native versus non-native differences in segmental perception and production that persisted after decades of frequent second-language use. As hypothesized, the native Italian subjects produced English /p t k/ more accurately than /b d g/. In a perception experiment examining naturally produced English stops, the native Italian subjects misidentified short-lag tokens of English /b d g/ as /p t k/ more often than they misidentified long-lag /p t k/ tokens as /b d g/. Late bilinguals erred more often in identifying the voicing feature in /b d g/ than did early Italian–English bilinguals or native speakers of English, apparently because Italian /p t k/ are realized with short-lag VOT values.
Kaon physics with a high-intensity proton driver

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We study opportunities for future high-precision experiments in kaon physics using a high-intensity proton driver, which could be part of the front-end of a muon storage ring complex. We discuss in particular the rare decays $K_L\toπ^0ν\barν$, $K^+\toπ^+ν\barν$, $K_L\toπ^0e^+e^-$, and lepton-flavour violating modes such as $K_L\toμe$ and $K\toπμe$. The outstanding physics potential and long-term interest of these modes is emphasized. We review status and prospects of current and planned experiments for the processes under consideration, and indicate possible improvements and strategies towards achieving the necessary higher sensitivity. Finally, we outline the machine requirements needed to perform these high-precision kaon experiments in the context of a muon storage ring facility.
Development of drinking support device for spinal cord injuries to enhance quality of life

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Spinal cord injury causes a paralysis of any part of the body depending on which part of spinal cord is destroyed. It is well known that a severity of the paralysis is determined by both a location and a degree of injury in the vertebral bones. For example, in a case of injury at the C4 vertebral bone a patient is paralyzed from the neck down, and needs a caregiver to help almost all activities of daily life. Recently, a quality of life is considered to be important, and various welfare devices have been proposed to realize a better life of a patient. Regarding a C4 patient, drinking water by oneself whenever he/she wants to do is strongly desired in the daily life. In this paper, we develop a drinking support device for a C4 patient. The device is evaluated in a rehabilitation hospital, and it is shown that all requirements on structure, degree of freedom, safety, conform, daily maintenance, etc. are satisfied with an acceptable level.
Time‐dependent changes in long range sphingolipid organization revealed by high‐resolution secondary ion mass spectrometry

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

To coordinate cell signaling and other membrane‐mediated cellular functions, the cellular plasma membrane is organized into domains of differing protein and lipid composition. Though the distributions of specific membrane proteins can be imaged with many techniques, the precise spatial organization of sphingolipids within the plasma membrane is not well‐established. Here we have combined metabolic isotope incorporation with high‐resolution secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) to chemically image the distributions of sphingolipids within the plasma membranes of intact fibroblast cells with at least 100 nm lateral resolution. Using this approach, we characterize how the sphingolipid distribution changes as a function of metabolic pulse‐labeling time. We show that changes in the short range (<1 micron) sphingolipid organization are not detectable, but the non‐random sphingolipid organization occurring on longer length scales (>5 microns) varies with the duration of selective isotope incorporation.
P02.10: Congenital lung malformations: suboptimal agreement between prenatal and postnatal diagnosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

To evaluate agreement between prenatal and postnatal diagnosis of congenital lung malformations (CLM). We included all liveborn patients with a prenatal ultrasound diagnosis of congenital pulmonary airway malformation (CPAM), bronchopulmonary sequestration (BPS) and/or bronchogenic cysts (BC) between 2000 and 2015. The postnatal diagnosis, including congenital lobar emphysema (CLE), was made using computed tomography (CT) and/or histology. The 112 patients were prenatally diagnosed at (mean±SD) 21.6±3.4 weeks' gestation and born at 39.2±1.6 weeks. We excluded 17 patients: 10 did not receive postnatal CT imaging or histology examination and in 7 patients CT did not show any CLM. In 95 remaining patients, postnatal diagnosis was made by CT in 66 (69%) and by histology following surgical resection in 29 (31%). Correct diagnoses were made in 72/95 (76%). In 50 of these, prenatal diagnoses were completely confirmed and in 22 partially, i.e. hybrid or inconclusive diagnosis (table). The level of agreement between prenatal and postnatal diagnosis is suboptimal. Postnatal CT imaging should therefore be performed in every child with prenatally diagnosed CLM. Supporting information can be found in the online version of this abstract Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
DETECTION OF SALMONELLA AND HELICOBACTER SPP. IN CAPTIVE WILD FELIDS

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

The current study aimed to investigate the presence of Salmonella and Helicobacter species in captive wild felids in addition to perform serotyping, antibiotic sensitivity test to the isolated Salmonella spp.and detection of antibiotic resistance and virulence genes.A total of 60 fecal samples were collected from 30 captive wild felids from Giza zoo and private zoo in Egypt.All animals were apparent healthy except eight African lions (Panthera Leo) have a history of vomiting.Samples were examined bacteriologically for the presence of Salmonella spp., followed by biochemical and serological tests.Moreover, obtained isolates were subjected to antimicrobial sensitivity testing and detection of antibiotic resistance and virulence genes.Fecal samples from lions with history of vomiting, were subjected to direct molecular identification for detection of Helicobacter spp.Overall, Salmonella spp.were isolated from 3 wild cats (Felis chaus).Two serovars of Salmonella were detected; S. Bovismorbificans and S. Southampton while Helicobacter felis was isolated from one African lion.Isolates of Salmonella spp.showed complete resistance to cefaclor (100%), cefoxitin (100%), and cefadroxil (100%); and very high resistance to tobramycin (66.7%), while it completely sensitive to Azithromycin (100%), Sulfa/trimethoprim (100%), Nitrofurantoin (100%), Doxycycline (100%), Amoxicillin-Clavulanic acid (100%), Fosfomycin (100%) and Oxytetracycline (100%).blaTEM and blaSHV were confirmed in Salmonella isolates showing resistant to Cefaclor and Cefoxitin, and aadA2 in S. Bovismorbificans that showing resistant to tobramycin.S. Southampton and S. Bovismorbificans have invA, stn, sopB, and hilA genes while S. Bovismorbificans carry also pefA gene as a virulence genes.
On Solar System and Cosmic Rays Nucleosynthesis and Spallation Processes

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A brief survey of nuclide abundances in the solar-system and in cosmic rays and of the believed mechanisms of their synthesis is given. The role of spallation processes in nucleosynthesis is discussed. A short review of recent measurements, compilations, calculations, and evaluations of spallation cross sections relevant to nuclear astrophysics is given as well. It is shown that in some past astrophysical simulations, old experimental nuclear data and theoretical cross sections that are in poor agreement with recent measurements and calculations were used. New astrophysical simulations using recently measured and reliably calculated nuclear cross sections, further researches in obtaining better cross sections, and production of evaluated spallation cross sections libraries for astrophysics are suggested.
Research on Ultrasonic Extraction of Total Alkaloids of Sophora Flavescens

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The root of sophora flavescens was taken as raw material, the effect of the concentration, ultrasonic time solid-liquid ratio, ultrasonic frequency and other conditions was researched on the extraction of total alkaloids of sophora flavescens, so that the most suitable extraction conditions of total alkaloids of sophora flavescens could be determined.
Single Triaxial Accelerometer-Gyroscope Classification for Human Activity Recognition

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Evaluated activity as a detail of the human physical movement has become a leading subject for researchers. Activity recognition application is utilized in several areas, such as living, health, game, medical, rehabilitation, and other smart home system applications. For recognizing the activity, the accelerometer was popular sensors. As well as a gyroscope, in addition to dimension, low computation, and can be embedded in a smartphone. Used smartphone with an accelerometer as a popular solution for recognized daily activity. Signal was generated from the accelerometer as a time-series data is an actual approach like a human activity pattern. Traditional machine learning method in mid of the modern method worth it considering. Single position triaxial accelerometer-gyroscope Motion data have acquired in an of 30 volunteers. Basic actives (Laying, Standing, Sitting, Walking, Walking Upstairs, Walking Downstairs) were collected from volunteers. Decision Tree, Random Forest, Extra Trees Classifier, KNN, Logistic Regression, SVC, Ensemble Vote Classifier. The purposed method, logistic regression, achieves 98% accuracy. Furthermore, any feature selection and extraction method were not used.