jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
BART IMPACT PROGRAM: THE IMPACT OF BART ON PUBLIC POLICY

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This report summarizes the findings and conclusions of the Public Policy Project and presents policy implications for other metropolitan areas planning for rapid rail transit development. Impacts of BART on public policy actions and decision-making processes are assessed in four areas--organization, finance, land use and transportation. These BART public policy impact findings are interpreted for each of three different types of communities--urban core, urban residential and suburban.
A numerical insight into stress mode shapes of rectangular thin-plate structures

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Thin-plate structures are widely exploited in many areas due to their excellent structural properties. This study numerically investigates the mechanics characteristics of the stress mode shapes (SMSs) in thin plates. First, theoretical basis of the SMSs is concisely illustrated for thin-plate structures. Then, finite element models are constructed in numerical simulations. The SMSs of the flat plate are compared with the conventional displacement mode shapes (DMSs). The modal participation factors (MPFs) are used to extract the predominant SMSs. The SMSs in x-, y-, xy- directions and von Mises stress are evaluated in detail. Based on results of the flat plate, local thickness and elastic modulus modifications are performed to examine the changes in SMSs. Modal assurance criterion (MAC) is utilized to evaluate the modal data. The information of SMSs from the modified plates indicates the powerful capability for detecting the local variations of structural properties. Lastly, modal order determination via modal effective mass is numerically verified for accurate dynamic stress calculation.
The effect of insulation thickness on lifetime CO2 emissions

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract This paper assesses the total carbon emissions of a single-family home designed and built for Norwegian conditions, according to current standards (TEK 17), using an LCA approach. Various combinations of insulation thicknesses are assessed to identify which combination is most efficient in lowering the lifetime emissions as well as in which part of the building envelope additional insulation is most efficient in reducing the lifetime greenhouse gas emissions of the building. Overall, increased insulation resulted in lower lifetime emissions; the increased embodied emissions generally being outweighed by the energy savings resulting from the increased insulation thickness. The location of the insulation is the factor that was found to have the largest impact on the lifetime emissions. When increasing the insulation thickness from 100-500 mm, changing only one component at a time, the operational emissions were most sensitive to the insulation thickness in the walls, with a 26 % decrease compared to 7% and 3% for the roof and floor respectively. The most efficient cases tended to have little insulation in the floor (100 - 150 mm) and relatively high insulation thickness in the wall (350 mm). The most variable component was the roof, varying from 150 to 400 mm.
Study on Signal Processing in Eddy Current Testing for Defects in Spline Gear

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

금속성부품의 자동화 생산라인 상에서 결함검사는 통상 시스템 가격이 합리적이고 고속검사가 가능한 와전류검사(ECT, eddy current testing) 기법이 많이 사용된다. 이러한 금속성 피검사체 가운데 특별히 스플라인 샤프트(spline shaft)의 스플라인 기어부(spline gear)와 같이 표면이 고르지 못한 피검사 대상에 대하여 ECT검사를 적용할 경우 주파수 분포도가 유사하면서 동시에 상대적으로 큰 표면신호로 인해 센서로부터 획득한 원신호와 결함에 의해 발생한 신호를 분리해내기가 어렵다. 이러한 스플라인 기어부의 결함신호 검출을 용이하게 하기 위해서는 주변 잡음신호에서 결함신호만을 구분해낼 수 있는 고차필터의 구현이 필수적이고 동시에 각 생산라인과 피검사체의 상황에 따라 필터의 통과대역을 조절할 수 있어야 한다. 이러한 통과대역 조절이 가능한 고차필터 구현을 위해 디지털 방식 중 하나인 IIR (infinite impulse filter) 필터에 의한 구현방안을 검토하고, 신호검출을 위해 시스템 레벨에서 설계요소들의 최적화를 통해 결함신호검출을 시도하였다. Eddy current testing (ECT) is commonly applied for the inspection of automated production lines of metallic products, because it has a high inspection speed and a reasonable price. When ECT is applied for the inspection of a metallic object having an uneven target surface, such as the spline gear of a spline shaft, it is difficult to distinguish between the original signal obtained from the sensor and the signal generated by a defect because of the relatively large surface signals having similar frequency distributions. To facilitate the detection of defect signals from the spline gear, implementation of high-order filters is essential, so that the fault signals can be distinguished from the surrounding noise signals, and simultaneously, the pass-band of the filter can be adjusted according to the status of each production line and the object to be inspected. We will examine the infinite impulse filters (IIR filters) available for implementing an advanced filter for ECT, and attempt to detect the flaw signals through optimization of system design parameters for detecting the signals at the system level.
Black-White Intermarriages

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Most marriages in the United States are between people of the same race, reflecting the strong tendency toward racial endogamy. Besides personal preferences, there are various explanations that may account for this pattern (Golden, 1958; McDowell, 1971). In this study, the aim is to explore one of the social mechanisms that contributes toward the enforcement of endogamous norms between Blacks and Whites, namely, attitudes. However, this subject was not approached merely from the point of view of outsiders; rather, the perceptions of people in Black-White intermarriages were studied themselves. Furthermore, the perceptions were not simply dichotomized by race, but gender was used as a factor, providing a more dynamic examination.
The Poly-rho Test as a Tool for Screening Explosive Performance

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A screening test was developed that can be used to decide if a new synthesized/formulated explosive might warrant further development. The test consists of a rate stick composed of 12.7 mm diameter by 12.7 mm high pellets of different densities ordered from lowest to highest, with ignition occurring at the low‐density end of the stick. This “Poly‐rho” test yields detonation velocities over a range of densities using only the small amount of the explosive typically generated by the synthetic organic chemist at an early stage of the scale‐up process. The amount of material required is far less than that required for the typical rate stick series. Poly‐rho tests on two explosives commonly used at Los Alamos National Laboratory, PBX 9501 and PBX 9502, were conducted and the results compared with empirical detonation‐theory predictions and others’ explosive experiments. There was good agreement in both cases.
Diffusion of carbon monoxide: Any place in intensive care?*

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Dipartimento di Anestesiologia; Terapia Intensiva e Scienze Dermatologiche; Università degli Studi di Milano; Dipartimento di Anestesia; Terapia (Intensiva e Subintensiva) e Terapia del Dolore; Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico; Mangiagalli e Regina Elena; Milano, Italy The authors have not disclosed any potential conflicts of interest.
Antisense Expression of Carnation cDNA Encoding ACC Synthase or ACC Oxidase Enhances Polyamine Content and Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Transgenic Tobacco Plants

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The amount of polyamines (such as putrescine, spermidine, and spermine) increased under environmental stress conditions. We used transgenic technology in an attempt to evaluate their potential for mitigating the adverse effects of several abiotic stresses in plants. Because there is a metabolic competition for S-adenosylmethionine as a precursor between polyamine (PA) and ethylene biosyntheses, it was expected that the antisense-expression of ethylene biosynthetic genes could result in an increase in PA biosynthesis. Antisense constructs of cDNAs for senescence-related 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) synthase (CAS) and ACC oxidase (CAO) were isolated from carnation flowers that were introduced into tobacco by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Several transgenic lines showed higher PA contents than wild-type plants. The number and weight of seeds also increased. Stress-induced senescence was attenuated in these transgenic plants in terms of total chlorophyll loss and phenotypic changes after oxidative stress with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), high salinity, acid stress (pH 3.0), and ABA treatment. These results suggest that the transgenic plants with antisense CAS and CAO cDNAs are more tolerant to abiotic stresses than wild-type plants. This shows a positive correlation between PA content and stress tolerance in plants.
Forecasting Exchange Rate of Pakistan Using Time Series Analysis

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Exchange rates are crucial in regulating the foreign exchange market's dynamics. Because of the unpredictability and volatility of currency rates, the exchange rate prediction has become one of the most challenging applications of financial time series forecasting. This study aims to build and compare the accuracy of various methods. The time series model Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) and Generalized Auto-Regressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (GARCH) are utilized to forecast the daily US dollar to Pakistan rupee currency exchange rates (USD/PKR). Lagged observations of the data series and moving average technical analysis are used in both models. Explanatory factors were used as indicators, and the prediction performance was assessed using a variety of commonly known statistical metrics. These statistical metrics suggested the presence of conditional heteroscedasticity. Thus, the process turns to capture the volatility effect of conditional heteroscedasticity through GARCH modeling. It may be inferred based on the results of tentative models; that the ARCH model outperforms the GARCH model in terms of predicting the USD/PKR exchange rate.
EXERCISE BREAK IN CONDITIONS OF AUTOMATION AND MECHANIZATION OF INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The article examines the influence of active recreation on the course of certain physiological functions of operators in conditions of automation and mechanization of industrial production. The specifics of work and environmental factors influence the activity of the central nervous system. In this regard, we have created a scientifically based scheme of a set of exercises for this group of professions.
Representatives of •the genus Coenothyris DOUVILLE, 1879, from the Terebratula Bed (Upper Muschelkalk) of the Holy Cross Mts, Central Poland

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Studies on the morphology of abundant coenothyrid brachiopods from the Terebratula Bed (Upper Muschelkalk) of the Holy Cross Mts, Central Poland, show that the assemblage is composed of two separate species, Coenothyris vulgaris (SCHLOTHEIM) and C . cycloides (ZENKER).
STUDY ON GROUND VIBRATION PROPAGATION CHARACTERISTICS AND GROUND MODELING METHODS BASED ON EXCITATION EXPERIMENTS

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

When predicting environmental vibration, it is necessary to properly evaluate the distance damping of the ground. However, there is a lack of examples of measurement of transfer function using a vibration source with known excitation force. In this study, we conducted shaking experiments at three sites with different ground conditions to measure the accelerances. Since it is important to know the shear wave velocity to predict the ground vibration, the difference of the several regression equations from N-value was clarified by the reproduction analysis.
The FASB cases on recognition and measurement

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Partial table of contents: Asset Disposal. Baltimore Canyon. Bank Loan. Bond. Chemical Plant. Early Retirement Incentives. Exploratory Well. Frequent Flier. Future Tax Rate Changes. Gasoline Tank. Hula Hoop. Income Tax Carryforward. Instant Millionaire. Insurance. Leisure Home. Loan Commitment Fee. Note Receivable. Penalty Clause. Plant Maintenance Costs. Promotional Prize. Purchase--Sale Commitment. Sabbatical. Sick Pay. Smokestack. Sweat Equity. Toxic Dump. Venture.
A Phase 1 Dose Escalation Study of the Safety and Pharmacokinetics of the Novel Proteasome Inhibitor Carfilzomib (PR-171) in Patients with Hematologic Malignancies

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Purpose: Carfilzomib (formerly PR-171) is a novel proteasome inhibitor of the epoxyketone class that is selective and structurally distinct from bortezomib. Proteasome inhibition by carfilzomib is mechanistically irreversible. Consequently, proteasome inhibition is more sustained with carfilzomib than with bortezomib. Experimental Design: In a phase 1 trial evaluating the safety and efficacy of carfilzomib in relapsed or refractory hematologic malignancies, eight dose groups of three to six patients received 5 consecutive days of carfilzomib i.v. push at doses of 1.2, 2.4, 4, 6, 8.4, 11, 15, and 20 mg/m2 within 14-day cycles. Results: Twenty-nine patients enrolled that were relapsed or refractory after at least two prior therapies. Nonhematologic toxicities included fatigue, nausea, and diarrhea in more than one third of patientsmostly grade 1 or 2 in severity. At 20 mg/m2, grade 3 febrile neutropenia and grade 4 thrombocytopenia were reported, establishing 15 mg/m2 as the maximum tolerated dose. No grade 3 or 4 peripheral neuropathies were reported. Antitumor activity was observed at doses 11 mg/m2: one unconfirmed complete response (mantle cell), one partial response (multiple myeloma), and two minimal responses (multiple myeloma and Waldenstrm's macroglobulinemia). Conclusion: This is the first clinical use of carfilzomib that shows tolerability and clinical activity in multiple hematologic malignancies using consecutive-day dosing. (Clin Cancer Res 2009;15(22):708591)
Navigating Cultural Diversity to Engage Chinese Teachers in Best Practice Professional Development

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This chapter will investigate the philosophical perspective and practical drivers of teacher development programmes delivered by a UK university to serving teachers in China. This chapter will highlight the evolution of the professional development programmes as they were delivered, considering cultural diversity and subsequent impact upon practice. The impact from the participant’s perspective is themed around ‘changing thinking in teaching and learning’. While a significant majority of teacher participants stated that the programmes had changed their thinking, there were several cultural barriers that ultimately constrained the impact of the professional development. The different learning environment in the UK and China led some participants to perceive that it was impossible to implement the strategies in their context. Insight of this nature can support institutions in adapting their international continued professional development programmes, both in content and mode of delivery, to address both teacher perceptions and changing global landscapes.
Controlled-Accuracy Approximation of Nonlinear Functions for Soft Computing Applications: A High Performance Co-proccessor for Intelligent Embedded Systems

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Intelligent embedded systems can be found everywhere in a variety of innovative applications. The main challenge consists in developing small-size single-chip embedded systems with low power consumption, capable of processing data and intelligent algorithms with the required speed. These key issues are normally carefully analyzed during the design process of embedded systems with the aim of meeting the required specifications. However, the problem of accuracy is hardly ever explored at early stages of the design flow, even though too low accuracy could limit digital hardware performance in a crucial way. This piece of work proposes a controlled accuracy approximation scheme of nonlinear functions based on Taylor's Theorem and the Lagrange form of the remainder. A hardware co-processor based on a Field programmable Gate Array (FPGA) is developed. The co-processor is suitable for efficient computation of nonlinear functions involved in typical soft computing techniques such as: activation functions (neural networks), membership functions (fuzzy systems), or kernel functions (support vector machines). The method is applied to the development of an intelligent embedded system for a smart scenario. Experimental results are provided for both online training and feed-forward computation of a single-layer feed-forward neural network.
Objectives Background Methods Results Conclusions

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The goal of this study was to assess the procedural and 2-year results of the subclavian approach for transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) compared with those of the femoral approach by using propensity-matched analysis. The subclavian approach with the CoreValve prosthesis (Medtronic, Inc., Minneapolis, Minnesota) represents an interesting opportunity when the femoral access is unfeasible. All consecutive patients enrolled in the Italian CoreValve Registry who underwent TAVI with the subclavian approach were included. Propensity score analysis was used to identify a matching group of patients undergoing femoral TAVI. Subclavian approach was used in 141 patients (61 % men; median age 83 years; median logistic European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation score 23.7%). The femoral group of 141 patients was matched for baseline clinical characteristics, except for peripheral artery disease. The 2 groups showed similar procedural success (97.9 % vs. 96.5%; p � 0.47), major vascular complications (5.0 % vs. 7.8%; p � 0.33), life-threatening bleeding events (7.8 % vs. 5.7%; p � 0.48), and combined safety endpoint (19.9 % vs. 25.5%; p � 0.26). The subclavian group showed lower rates of acute kidney injury/stage 3 (4.3 % vs. 9.9%; p � 0.02), of minor vascular complications at the 18-F sheath insertion site (2.1 % vs. 11.3%; p � 0.003), and of all types of bleeding events related to vascular complications. Survival at 2 years was 74.0 � 4.0 % in the subclavian group compared with 73.7 � 3.9 % in the femoral group (p � 0.78). The 2-year freedom from cardiovascular death was 87.2 � 3.1%
SuO032DCR2 INTERACTS WITH PEROXIREDOXIN 1 AND ACCELERATES SENESCENCE OF RENAL TUBULAR EPITHELIAL CELL IN DIABETIC NEPHROPATHY

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

treatment; FK506 treatment resulted in higher cancellous bone volume in the diabetic rats and it had little effect on cortical bones; Ultimate force and work to failure were decreased in the DM group, which were improved by FK506 treatment.The adipocytes infiltration in the DM group detected by oil red O staining was significantly increased compared with the CTL group, which was improved by FK506 treatment.FK506 treatments largely up-regulated the expression of Runx2,Osterix and down-regulated the expression of PPAR-c2,C/EBP-a.In addition, we found an increase of nuclear b-catenin after FK506 treatment.CONCLUSIONS: This finding demonstrates that FK506 could attenuate bone loss in DM.And these effects might be a result of stimulating osteoblastic formation and suppressing adipocyte formation, which could be partly mediated by the activation of nuclear translocation of b-catenin.animal characteristics and biochemical measuremetns parameters control group (n¼10) DM group (n¼10) DMþFK506 group (n¼10) glucose(mmol/L) 6.5461.1522.
Lesbian Lives and Real Existing Socialism in Late Soviet Russia

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This chapter contributes to current debates about queer presences and absences by focusing on a notable absence in both queer and Russian studies, namely that of the lives of women involved in same-sex relations in Soviet Russia (1917-89). Until very recently, in existing accounts of Soviet society, queer lives, and lesbian lives even more so, have been notable by their absence and invisibility. Since the 1990s, a handful of pioneering studies has begun to uncover their hidden history; however, existing work has almost exclusively focused on state-enforced mechanisms of regulation of same-sex desire by exploring medical and legal discourses on homosexuality, or same-sex desire in Soviet prison camps (Engelstein, 1995; Zhuk, 1998; Healey, 2001; Kuntsman, 2009). While offering very valuable insights into the lives of Soviet queers, existing research has mostly been based on archival and documentary sources such as police records, court documents, medical studies and the memoirs of GULag prisoners. Thus, with few exceptions (Rotkirch, 2002), the literature has privileged the perspective of professionals or witnesses, rather than queers themselves, and focused very heavily on the environments of the clinic and the prison camp, where homosexuality was symbolically confined by the Soviet state.
Integrating Games in Teaching Maritime English: A Collaborative Auto-Ethnographic Inquiry

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

English for Specific Purposes (ESP) has been getting attention as it puts a strong emphasis on specific language needs in various professional and academic settings, meeting the current trend of English education. As a sub-field of ESP, Maritime English (ME) is taught to students who are projected to be involved in the maritime industry. The present study explored the journey of teachers in integrating game-based learning to teach ME. Specifically, it investigated what teachers experienced in teaching ME, how teachers integrated games into teaching ME, and what challenges teachers faced in integrating games into teaching ME. A Collaborative Auto-Ethnographic Inquiry design was implemented in this qualitative study. The data were sourced from the four authors as we shared our experience in teaching from the first time we taught ME. The necessary data were collected through narrative inquiry, photo voice, and semi-structured interviews, followed by a thematic data analysis. The findings revealed challenges that were faced in teaching ME before and after integrating games. Through the discussion, we highlighted how professional teachers should prepare for the class and adapt to the situation in the class.
The variation with a period of two solar cycles in the cosmic ray diurnal anisotropy for the nucleonic component

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

It has been shown previously that annual means of the diurnal anisotropy determined from 30 years of ionization chamber data result from the superposition of two distinct independent components. One component, W, has its maximum (or minimum) in the asymptotic direction 128° east of the sun-earth line, with amplitude that varies sinusoidally with a period of two solar cycles. The other, V, has its maximum in the asymptotic direction 90° east of the sun-earth line; it is well correlated with magnetic activity and varies with the sunspot cycle. For the observed component of the total diurnal anisotropy 90° east of the sun (which contains all of V and 79% of W), a correlation coefficient of 0.94 was found between annual means from the Huancayo neutron monitor and from ionization chambers. The resulting implication that V and W were each about 1.35 times greater in the neutron monitor data is explicitly established. Analysis of the diurnal anisotropy, from a geographical distribution of neutron monitors normalized to Churchill, shows that there V and W are each about twice the value for ionization chambers. These results reveal that the variational spectrum is the same for V and for W within the experimental uncertainties. Thus, it is valid to derive variational spectra from total vectors.