jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Village Sanitation System for Village

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Sanitation is important of few years development goals which covers the important aspects of management of human excreta, domestic and industrial wastewater and hazardous substances .Hence, this project focuses on a selected rural area to plan a suitable water supply scheme in accordance with their demands and requirements. It hasnt be feasible to cover all villages with piped water supply because of various constraints such as Scattered and inaccessible nature of villages, Nonavailability of nearby water sources. The project also covered planning of facilities to maintain better sanitation and beautification of surrounding .Water is important and precious as it fulfils the basic necessity of life. It is necessary that the water used must be good and free from unwanted impurities or harmful toxic chemical compounds or bacteria More than 80 % of Indian population lives in rural areas, but only few of them have some form of potable water supply. It hasn’t be feasible to cover all villages with piped water supply because of various constraints such as Scattered and inaccessible nature of villages, Non- availability of nearby water sources.
Epistemic Consequences of Bibliometrics-based Evaluation: Insights from the Scientific Community

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The aim of this paper is to investigate the consequences of the bibliometrics-based evaluation system of scientific production on the contents and methods of sciences. The research has been conducted by means of in-depth interviews to a multi-disciplinary panel of Italian researchers. We discuss the implications of bibliometrics-based evaluation on the choice of the research topic, on the experimental practices, on the dissemination habits. We observe that the validation of the bibliometrics-based evaluation practices relies on the acceptance and diffusion within the scientific community, and that these practices are self-sustained through their wide application. We discuss possible evolving scenarios, also considering the recent development of digital archives.
Body mass index, perceived and actual physical competence: the relationship among young children

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract Background The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between perceived physical competence ( PPC ), actual motor competence ( MC ) and body mass index ( BMI ) in young children. Methods We assessed MC ( T est of G ross M otor D evelopment – 2nd Edition), PPC (Pictorial Scale of Perceived Competence and Social Acceptance) and BMI ( CDC calculator) of 178 young children ages 4–7 years. Results The linear regression model for the overall sample showed that BMI was a better predictor of PPC than MC . Also, obese children had lower PPC , but showed no differences in MC compared with leaner peers. Conclusions PPC of young obese children was lower than their leaner counterparts, yet their MC was similar. That outcome draws attention to the importance of promoting positive PPC in young children.
HEREDITARY MOTOR AND SENSORY NEUROPATHY WITH CONGENITAL GLAUCOMA

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

We report three siblings of a family with hereditary motor and sensory polyneuropathy (HMSN) and buphthalmos. Electrophysiological studies showed a demyelinating neuropathy and pathological findings showed severe loss of myelinated fibers (MF), thin myelin sheaths and myelin infoldings in a few remaining MF. The presumed mode of inheritance is autosomal recessive. This family probably represents an unique form of CMT4 that may be related to one of the congenital glaucoma genic locus, particularly GLC3A and GLC3B, described in Turkish families.
METHODS Using GRADE to develop an evidence-based benchmark for patient safety indicators: postoperative venous thromboembolism

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

 We propose a tentative adaptation of the GRADE system for a rate or proportion that should be further developed and assessed by the GRADE working group  This adaptation of the GRADE system for evaluating the quality of the evidence supporting a quality benchmark, expressed as rate or a proportion was influenced by the type of evidence available, mostly RCT in this case, what may not always be the case when developing evidence-based benchmarks for quality indicators
A Combined Layer-Based Approach for the Segmentation of Document Images

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

There are many challenges addressed in MRC compression, such as the segmentation of the document into foreground and background layers, represented as a binary mask. Usually, the resulting quality of a MRC compression method depends on the segmentation algorithm used to compute the binary mask. The aim of this work is to leverage state-of-the-art techniques in document segmentation allowing further content, such as text or images, to be exploited in an efficient way. Then, a novel methodology is proposed that leads to increasing document segmentation performance for MRC compression scheme.
Image_2_A significant and persistent rise in the global burden of adolescent NAFLD and NASH estimated by BMI.pdf

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background<p>Currently, there is a lack of global or even country/regional level data on adolescent non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) prevalence. However, an evidenced dose-dependent relationship exists between body mass index (BMI) and the risk of NAFLD. We aim to estimate the global and regional prevalence of adolescent NAFLD and related non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) based on BMI.</p>Methods<p>Sigmoidal fitting curves were generated between BMI and the risk of NAFLD/NASH using the data extracted from the NHANES database. With global and regional BMI data from the NCD-RisC database, adolescent NAFLD/NASH prevalence was estimated at the international, regional, and country levels from 1975 to 2016. The prevalence of adolescent NAFLD/NASH from 2017 to 2030 was also forecasted.</p>Results<p>The mean NAFLD prevalence was 15.31, and 12.68%, while the mean NASH prevalence was 2.50, and 2.47%, in boys, and girls aged 12–18, respectively. For both boys and girls, NAFLD/NASH prevalence increased with increasing BMI, and age. The global prevalence of adolescent NAFLD/NASH has gradually increased in the period from 1975 to 2016 and will maintain a similar trend between 2017 and 2030. High-income Western Countries had higher adolescent NAFLD/NASH whereas South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa exhibited relatively lower adolescent NAFLD/NASH prevalence. The estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) of NAFLD prevalence in boys ranged from 0.72% (age 18) to 1.16% (age 12) while that in girls ranged from 0.69% (age 18) to 0.92% (age 12). EAPC of NASH prevalence in boys ranged from 1.65% (age 18) to 1.77% (age 12), and in girls from 1.48% (age 18) to 1.68% (age 12).</p>Conclusion<p>The adolescent NAFLD/NASH prevalence increases year by year, and its burden varies significantly among different countries and regions. BMI is a precise predictor of NAFLD/NASH prevalence.</p>
Recent Advances in Using Machine Learning with Graphs — Part 2

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Recent Advances in Using Machine Learning with Graphs — Part 2 Latest findings in multiple research directions for handling graph construction and network security issues Author · Xuzeng He ( <strong> ORCID: </strong> 0009–0005–7317–7426) Introduction A graph, in short, is a description of items linked by relations, where the items of a graph are called nodes (or vertices) and their relations are called edges (or links). Examples of
Can primary tumor markers of cancer-initiating cells predict lymph node positivity in breast cancer patients?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

1121 Background: Cancer initiating cells, characterized by ALDH1 positivity and/or colocalization of ALDH1 and CD44, have been shown to be associated with poor prognosis in breast cancer patients. The prognostic value of these tumor markers with respect to prediction of lymph node (LN) status remains unclear. Methods: Tissue microarrays from a cohort of 223 breast cancer patients diagnosed between 2003 and 2007 were evaluated using the AQUA method for quantitative immunofluorescence for CD44 and ALDH1. These data, along with other clinicopathologic data, were correlated with LN positivity. Results: The median patient age of the cohort was 56 (range; 26-89), with a median tumor size of 1.5 cm. 72 (32.0%) patients were LN positive. The median number of LNs excised was 3 (range; 1-27). Of the LN positive patients, the median number of positive LNs was 1.5 (range; 1-24). Levels of CD44, ALDH1, and ALDH1 colocalizing with CD44 did not correlate with number of positive LNs (Spearman rho coefficients: -0.042, 0.131, and 0.058, respectively), nor overall LN status. Tumor size and lymphovascular invasion (LVI) were the only factors found to be significantly correlated with LN status. Conclusions: While ALDH1 colocalized with CD44 has been found to be associated with poor prognosis in breast cancer patients, these markers do not predict LN status. Given that the only factors that reliably predict LN status are tumor size and LVI, further work is required to find primary tumor markers that may predict LN status in order to spare patients axillary surgery. [Table: see text]
Phosphate Additive Avoidance in Chronic Kidney Disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

IN BRIEF Dietary guidelines for patients with diabetes extend beyond glycemic management to include recommendations for mitigating chronic disease risk. This review summarizes the literature suggesting that excess dietary phosphorus intake may increase the risk of skeletal and cardiovascular disease in patients who are in the early stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD) despite having normal serum phosphorus concentrations. It explores strategies for limiting dietary phosphorus, emphasizing that food additives, as a major source of highly bioavailable dietary phosphorus, may be a suitable target. Although the evidence for restricting phosphorus-based food additives in early CKD is limited, diabetes clinicians should monitor ongoing research aimed at assessing its efficacy.
This Month in Adult Urology

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

No AccessJournal of UrologyThis Month in Adult Urology1 Mar 2018This Month in Adult Urology Joseph A. Smith Joseph A. SmithJoseph A. Smith More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2017.11.109AboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail References 1 : Growth kinetics of small renal masses on active surveillance: variability and results from the DISSRM Registry. J Urol2018; 199: 641. Link, Google Scholar 2 : Natural history of complex renal cysts: clinical evidence supporting active surveillance. J Urol2018; 199: 633. Link, Google Scholar 3 : A double-blind, randomized trial on the efficacy and safety of hyperbaric oxygenation therapy in the preservation of erectile function after radical prostatectomy. J Urol2018; 199: 805. Link, Google Scholar 4 : Development of a 90-minute integrated noninvasive urinary assay for bladder cancer detection. J Urol2018; 199: 655. Link, Google Scholar 5 : Postoperative complications following primary penile inversion vaginoplasty among 330 male-to-female transgender patients. J Urol2018; 199: 760. Link, Google Scholar 6 : Health related quality of life following radical cystectomy: comparative analysis from the Medicare Health Outcomes Survey. J Urol2018; 199: 669. Link, Google Scholar 7 : Natural history and predictors of parastomal hernia after robot-assisted radical cystectomy and ileal conduit urinary diversion. J Urol2018; 199: 766. Link, Google Scholar 8 : Laparoscopic retroperitoneal lymph node dissection for clinical stage I nonseminomatous germ cell tumors of the testis: safety and efficacy analyses at a high volume center. J Urol2018; 199: 741. Link, Google Scholar 9 : Multicenter analysis of patient reported outcomes following artificial urinary sphincter placement for male stress urinary incontinence. J Urol2018; 199: 785. Link, Google Scholar 10 : Fistulous complications following radical cystectomy for bladder cancer: analysis of a large modern cohort. J Urol2018; 199: 663. Link, Google Scholar 11 : Trends in prostate cancer incidence rates and prevalence of prostate specific antigen screening by socioeconomic status and regions in the United States, 2004 to 2013. J Urol2018; 199: 676. Link, Google Scholar 12 : Cycling, and male sexual and urinary function: results from a large, multinational, cross-sectional study. J Urol2018; 199: 798. Link, Google Scholar © 2018 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 199Issue 3March 2018Page: 583-585 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2018 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Joseph A. Smith More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
The Stalin Epigram by Robert Littell

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

ALAN CHEUSE OFFTH BOOK REVIEWS FROM NATIONAL PUBLIC RADIO 3 The Stalin Epigram byRobert Littell (Simon& Schuster,2009) First aired on NPRMay 29, 2009 It happens to the best of them: seasoned thrillerwriters taking it upon themselves to write a novel that extends the boundaries of the genre?or leaps them altogether? as a way of making a bolder, larger statement about life in thewriter's time. Robert Littell's new novel about the life (and death) and times of Russian poet Osip Mandelstam happens to be one of those books. To tell the story of Mandelstam's blind courage in the creation of a poem critical of Stalin and the sub sequent fury that descended upon him, Littellmakes a bold technical decision: he employs a number of narrators besides the great forty three-year-old poet himself. There is Mandelstam/s devoted wife, Nade zhda, and sympathetic fellow poets Anna Akhmatova and Boris Paster nak, a betrayer of a mistress, a literal strongman (a weight lifterpicked up during one of Stalin's roundups of innocents), and the actual Russian strongman's bodyguard (a tough guy named Nikolai Vlasik). Littell's brilliant and convincing presenta tionof thiskaleidoscopic view of the Mandelstam story makes fora lotof color and heat?the life and times of theStalinist era,with all its fears and bravery, its show trials and executions, with Stalin himself as a character in the center of things. But even with all the colorful characters, the story drives along toward the persecuted poet's best and worst days, and those powerful moments when a number of the principal narrators gather for the best and worst reasons. Stendhal once wrote thatpolitics in a novel was like a pistol shot in an opera house. Here the explosiveness and excitement come from the opposite?poetry thatchanges lives, ifnot history, in a novel that stands head and shoul ders above most others of itskind, a novel thatbegins as a thrillerand ends as a testimony to the courage and naked vision of an odd and eccentric hero. 12 i World Literature Today ...
Utilization of Teak Leaf Waste as an Environmentally Friendly Dyes

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract As the second largest teak producer in the world, the abundance of teak leaf waste in Indonesia is inevitable. However, until now the effort to convert this material into functional products with high economic value is still very limited. In this study the potential utilization of teak leaf waste as an environmentally friendly dyeing material for the batik industry is examined. To be applied, extraction of teak leaves is carried out in a water solvent. Optimization of dyeing in cotton fibers is done by involving the use of positively charged alum mordant which can bridge the reaction between cotton fibers and antosianin in teak leaf extract which are both dominated by negative charges. The results showed the appearance of a light brown color on all cotton fibers, both fixed with iron (II) sulfate, alum and lime. However, the intensity of the color produced by each fixer varies in the range of 57.94% -84.62%. In line with this, the resulting fastness also varies on the staining scale 3 and 4. Dyeing with the highest intensity and fastness results from fixation using iron (II) sulfate. While alum and lime fixers tend to produce opposite intensities and fastness. This value shows the high potential of teak leaf waste material to be developed as a substitute for synthetic dyes with high toxicity in cotton fiber dyeing.
Dendritic cells expand antigen‐specific Foxp3+CD25+CD4+ regulatory T cells including suppressors of alloreactivity

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Summary: Thymic derived naturally occurring CD25 + CD4 + T regulatory cells (Tregs) suppress immune responses, including transplantation. Here we discuss the capacity of dendritic cells (DCs) to expand antigen‐specific Tregs, particularly polyclonal Tregs directed to alloantigens. Initial studies have shown that mature DCs are specialized antigen‐presenting cells (APCs) for expanding antigen‐specific CD25 + CD4 + Tregs from TCR transgenic mice. When triggered by specific antigen, these Tregs act back on immature DCs to block the upregulation of CD80 and CD86 costimulatory molecules. More recently, DCs have been used to expand alloantigen‐specific CD25 + CD4 + Tregs from the polyclonal repertoire in the presence of interleukin‐2 (IL‐2). Allogeneic DCs are much more effective than allogeneic spleen cells for expanding CD25 + CD4 + Tregs. The DC‐expanded Tregs continue to express high levels of Foxp3, even without supplemental IL‐2, whereas spleen cells poorly sustain Foxp3 expression. When suppressive activity is tested, relatively small numbers of DC‐expanded CD25 + CD4 + Tregs exert antigen‐specific suppression in the mixed leukocyte reaction (MLR), blocking immune responses to the original stimulating strain 10 times more effectively than to third party stimulating cells. DC‐expanded Tregs also retard graft versus host disease (GVHD) across full major histocompatibility complex (MHC) barriers. In vitro and in vivo , the alloantigen‐specific CD25 + CD4 + Tregs are much more effective suppressors of transplantation reactions than polyclonal populations. We suggest that the expansion of Tregs from a polyclonal repertoire via antigen‐presenting DCs will provide a means for antigen‐specific control of unwanted immune reactions.
Social Semiotic Analysis of Women Portrayed in Pakistani Television Advertisements

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Consumers are exposed to a wide range of advertisements on a daily basis. These advertisements can be found in a variety of media technologies, including radio, television, print (such as magazines and newspapers), billboards, and cinema. This research examined on the Portrayal of women in electronic media advertisements in Pakistan. Advertising now reaches far more people than it used to with traditional media since it has major presence in new digital media which has also transformed immensely in recent time. Semiotic analysis was used as a study tool to investigate how advertising gender builds different meanings and beliefs in a culture. Adverts from various Pakistani TV stations and newspapers were chosen as samples for this study. These commercials were chosen because they showed women in a particular way. These advertisements deliver and utilize a wide range of meaning, symbols and messages also called semiotics in their advertisements. Importantly, lot of signs and symbols surrounds large part of any individual, however, the way they comprehend these signs, symbols and meaning differ from one to other individual. Barthian semiotic analysis on the denotative and connotative levels of significance was used for the analysis. The study's findings showed that ads in Pakistan place a strong emphasis on women's bodies and outward looks.
Characterization of Dendrite Morphology for Evaluating Interdendritic Fluidity Based on Phase-field Simulation

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Evolution of dendrite morphology in Fe-base alloys was simulated by using the phase-field method and complexity of the dendrite morphology was evaluated by fractal dimensions and dimensionless perimeter of dendrites. It was shown that the both parameters of the fractal dimension and the dimensionless perimeter are effective to evaluate the complexity of dendrites. Factors controlling the dendrite morphology such as materials properties, composition and cooling rate were investigated by the simulation. Permeability of simulated dendrite array was estimated from the fractal dimension and the dimensionless perimeter, and obtained permeability corresponded to reported values of the permeability for metallic alloy systems.
Schizophrenic Disorders

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

JUST as chlorpromazine revolutionized the treatment of schizophrenic disorders in the 1950s, the adoption of the third edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of the American Psychiatric Association (DSM-III)1 has revitalized the diagnosis. While schizophrenia remains poorly understood, it may at least be better defined as we enter a new decade:The essential features of this group of disorders are: the presence of certain psychotic features during the active phase of the illness, characteristic symptoms involving multiple psychological processes, deterioration from a previous level of functioning, onset before age 45, and a duration of at least six months. The . . .
Stipulations in a Muslim Marriage Contract with Special Reference to Talaq Al-Tafwid Provisions in Pakistan

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This article gives classical Islamic law as expounded by the Muslim jurists and explains the over-technical topic of stipulations in a Muslim marriage contract; it explains the various types of stipulations benefiting women as well as men; explains how and to what extent that classical Islamic law is incorporated into statutes around the Muslim world; describes case law of the Indo-Pak sub-continent on stipulations based on the doctrine of stare decisis in the common law world; surveys talaq al-tafwid in Pakistan to ascertain the extent of its practical application by the masses; and explores the role of Nikah Registrars – ulamas – who are authorised by the government to solemnise nikah throughout the country.