jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Outbreak in a Dormitory in Saint-Petersburg, Russia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract

The B.1.1.529 Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 is rapidly spreading, displacing the globally prevalent Delta variant. Before December 16, 2021, community transmission had already been observed in tens of countries globally. However, in Russia, all reported cases had been sporadic and associated with travel. Here, we report an Omicron outbreak at a students’ dormitory in Saint Petersburg, Russia. Out of the 462 sampled residents of the dormitory, 206 (44.6%) tested PCR positive, and 159 (77.1%) of these infections carried the S:ins214EPE insertion, indicating that they were of the Omicron strain. 104 (65%) of Omicron-positive patients have been vaccinated and/or reported previous covid-19. Whole genome sequencing confirmed that the outbreak is caused by the Omicron variant. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the outbreak has a single origin, and belongs to the S:346K sublineage of Omicron which may be characterized by an increased rate of spread, compared to other Omicron sublineages. The rapid spread of Omicron in a population with preexisting immunity to previous variants underlines its propensity for immune evasion.
Improving Vocational School Student’s Speaking Skill using Role Play and Video Clips

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The objectives of this research were to describe, Improving Vocational School Student’s Speaking Skill Using Role Play and Video Clips. The subjects of this research were the ten grade of students SMK Nusantara Ciputat in the academic year of 2017/2018. The number of the subjects were 31 students. This research was classroom action research. The process of this research was conducted in three cycles. The data was collected by using observation checklist to know the events in the classroom during teaching-learning process. Besides, she also used the test to get the students? scores to know the improvement of students? skill in speaking from their score. The data were analyzed by using qualitative analysis. The result of the research shows that Improving Vocational School Student’s Speaking Skill Using Role Play and Video Clips SMK Nusantara Ciputat in the academic year of 2017/2018 could improve students speaking skill. This successfulness could be seen from the result of students’ average score and good responses by students. The result of getting all of the treatment Speaking Skill Using Role Play average score increased in line with the increase of the students' achievement in each cycle. Before getting the treatment students' average score was 63,64 and after giving treatment was 69,84, so it increased 6.4. The average score of students in the first cycle was 63,09, the second cycle was 65,96, and the third cycle was 67,35. Based on the result of the research, it can be Improving Vocational School Student’s Speaking Skill Using Role Play and Video Clips.it can be valuable as the information resource for students, teachers, and the researcher.
Model of rhythmic ball bouncing using a visually controlled neural oscillator

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The present paper investigates the sensory-driven modulations of central pattern generator dynamics that can be expected to reproduce human behavior during rhythmic hybrid tasks. We propose a theoretical model of human sensorimotor behavior able to account for the observed data from the ball-bouncing task. The novel control architecture is composed of a Matsuoka neural oscillator coupled with the environment through visual sensory feedback. The architecture’s ability to reproduce human-like performance during the ball-bouncing task in the presence of perturbations is quantified by comparison of simulated and recorded trials. The results suggest that human visual control of the task is achieved online. The adaptive behavior is made possible by a parametric and state control of the limit cycle emerging from the interaction of the rhythmic pattern generator, the musculoskeletal system, and the environment. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The study demonstrates that a behavioral model based on a neural oscillator controlled by visual information is able to accurately reproduce human modulations in a motor action with respect to sensory information during the rhythmic ball-bouncing task. The model attractor dynamics emerging from the interaction between the neuromusculoskeletal system and the environment met task requirements, environmental constraints, and human behavioral choices without relying on movement planning and explicit internal models of the environment.
LncRNA FOXD2-AS1 knockdown inhibits the resistance of human osteosarcoma cells to cisplatin by inhibiting miR-143 expression.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

LncRNA FOXD2-AS1 knockdown inhibits the resistance of human osteosarcoma cells to cisplatin, promotes their apoptosis and weakens their invasion and migration abilities. The possible underlying mechanism may be related to the inhibition of miR-143 expression by lncRNA FOXD2-AS1 in drug-resistant cell lines.
Partial Muscle Carnitine Palmitoyltransferase-A Deficiency

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

After initiation of ibuprofen therapy, a 45-year-old woman developed muscle weakness and tenderness with rhabdomyolysis, culminating in respiratory failure. A muscle biopsy specimen showed a vacuolar myopathy, and markedly decreased muscle carnitine content and carnitine palmitoyltransferase activity. Following recovery, muscle carnitine content was normal but carnitine palmitoyltransferase activity was still abnormally low. The ratio of palmitoyl— coenzyme A plus carnitine to palmitoylcarnitine oxidation by muscle mitochondria isolated from the patient was markedly decreased. We conclude that transiently decreased muscle carnitine content interacted with partial deficiency of carnitine palmitoyltransferase-A to produce rhabdomyolysis and respiratory failure and that ibuprofen may have precipitated the clinical event. (JAMA1987:257:62-65)
Morphogenesis and biomass production of 'BRS Tamani' guinea grass under increasing nitrogen doses

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the morphogenic and structural characteristics of Megathyrsus maximus 'BRS Tamani', subjected to increasing nitrogen doses, as well as the components of its biomass. The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design with four treatments (0, 300, 600, and 1,200 kg ha-1 N per year) and three replicates, in 12 experimental units of 12.5 m² each. The evaluations were performed in the rest period of the pasture, after defoliation to a residual leaf area index of 1.0, until the pasture reached the number 3.0 of new leaves produced per tiller. Leaf and stem elongation rates increased with the increment in N doses up to 1,200 kg ha-1 N per year. There was a decreasing linear response for phyllochron and leaf life span. Increases of 704% were observed for the harvestable green leaf biomass, at the dose equivalent to 1,200 kg ha-1 N per year. The biomasses of dead forage and harvestable stem were not affected by the N doses. Nitrogen fertilization shows a positive effect on the morphogenic, structural, and productive characteristics of 'BRS Tamani' guinea grass up to the dose equivalent to 1,200 kg ha-1 N per year.
Characterization of suppressor‐inducer cells which control the production of rat erythrocyte‐induced anti‐erythrocyte autoantibodies

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Mice immunized with rat erythrocytes produce autoantibodies to their own red blood cells, distinct anti‐rat agglutinins and autoantigen‐specific suppressor cells. Suppressor cells were detected by adoptive transfer of rat erythrocyte‐immunized spleen cells to naive recipients. Such recipients failed to make erythrocyte autoantibodies after immunization with rat erythrocytes although their anti‐rat erythrocyte response was unimpaired. Depletion and enrichment studies were performed to identify the cell type(s) which transfer suppression. B cell depletion of rat erythrocyte‐immunized spleen cells by passage over Ig/anti‐Ig‐coated bead columns abrogated the transfer of suppression. However, suppression was still transferred after rat erythrocyte immunized spleen cells were passed over beads coated with a complex of 4‐azido‐2‐ nitrophenyl (NAP)‐mouse IgG‐rabbit IgG anti‐NAP suggesting that T cells bearing Fcγ receptors are not responsible for suppression. Positively selected B cells from rat erythrocyte‐immunized spleen cells caused some suppression of erythrocyte autoantibodies but only after high numbers of cells were transferred. Neither positively selected Lyt‐l + 2 − nor Lyt‐1–2 + T cell subpopulations transferred suppression. By contrast, rat erythrocyte‐immunized spleen cells which contained a mixture of B memory and T cells were suppressive and retained their suppressor activity after removal of Lyt‐1–2 + but not Lyt‐l + 2 − cells. It is proposed that these Lyt‐l + 2 − T cells belong to a distinct population of suppressor‐inducer cells which together with memory B cells stimulate the generation of effector T suppressor cells in naive recipients.
A Theory of Trickle-Down Growth and Development

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper develops a model of growth and income inequalities in the presence of imperfect capital markets, and it analyses the trickle-down effect of capital accumulation. Moral hazard with limited wealth constraints on the part of the borrowers is the source of both capital market imperfections and the emergence of persistent income inequalities. Three main conclusions are obtained from this model. First, when the rate of capital accumulation is sufficiently high, the economy converges to a unique invariant wealth distribution. Second, even though the trickle-down mechanism can lead to a unique steady-state distribution under laissez-faire, there is room for government intervention: in particular, redistribution of wealth from rich lenders to poor and middle-class borrowers improves the production efficiency of the economy both because it brings about greater equality of opportunity and also because it accelerates the trickle-down process. Third, the process of capital accumulation initially has the effect of widening inequalities but in later stages it reduces them: in other words, this model can generate a Kuznets curve.
Unexpected Crosslinking Effects of a Human Thyroid Stimulating Monoclonal Autoantibody, M22, with IGF1 on Adipogenesis in 3T3L-1 Cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

To study the effects of the crosslinking of IGF1 and/or the human thyroid-stimulating monoclonal autoantibody (TSmAb), M22 on mouse adipocytes, two- and three-dimensional (2D or 3D) cultures of 3T3-L1 cells were prepared. Each sample was then subjected to the following analyses: (1) lipid staining, (2) a real-time cellular metabolic analysis, (3) analysis of the mRNA expression of adipogenesis-related genes and extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules including collagen (Col) 1, 4 and 6, and fibronectin (Fn), and (4) measurement of the size and physical properties of the 3D spheroids with a micro-squeezer. Upon adipogenic differentiation (DIF+), lipid staining and the mRNA expression of adipogenesis-related genes in the 2D- or 3D-cultured 3T3-L1 cells substantially increased. On adding IGF1 but not M22 to DIF+ cells, a significant enhancement in lipid staining and gene expressions of adipogenesis-related genes was detected in the 2D-cultured 3T3-L1 cells, although some simultaneous suppression or enhancement effects by IGF1 and M22 against lipid staining or Fabp4 expression, respectively, were detected in the 3D 3T3-L1 spheroids. Real-time metabolic analyses indicated that monotherapy with IGF1 or M22 shifted cellular metabolism toward energetic states in the 2D 3T3-L1 cells upon DIF+, although no significant metabolic changes were induced by DIF+ alone in 2D cultures. In addition, some synergistical effects on cellular metabolism by IGF1 and M22 were also observed in the 2D 3T3-L1 cells as well as in cultured non-Graves’ orbitopathy-related human orbital fibroblasts (n-HOFs), but not in Graves’ orbitopathy-related HOFs (GHOFs). In terms of the physical properties of the 3D 3T3-L1 spheroids, (1) their sizes significantly increased upon DIF+, and this increase was significantly enhanced by the presence of both IGF1 and M22 despite downsizing by monotreatment, and (2) their stiffness increased substantially, and no significant effects by IGF-1 and/or M22 were observed. Regarding the expression of ECM molecules, (1) upon DIF+, significant downregulation or upregulation of Col1 and Fn (3D), or Col4 and 6 (2D and 3D) were observed, and (2) in the presence of IGF-1 and/or M22, the mRNA expression of Col4 was significantly downregulated by M22 (2D and 3D), but the expression of Col1 was modulated in different manners by monotreatment (upregulation) or the combined treatment (downregulation) (3D). These collective data suggest that the human-specific TSmAb M22 induced some unexpected simultaneous crosslinking effects with IGF-1 with respect to the adipogenesis of 2D-cultured 3T3-L1 cells and the physical properties of 3D 3T3-L1 spheroids.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation and Characterization of New C‐Sulfonyldithioformates and Their Thiocarbonyl S‐Imides.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A Protein Subunit Filovirus Vaccine Facilitates Maternal Immunization in Mice

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Ebola virus disease (EVD) is highly pathogenic and virulent and has caused large scale outbreaks in Central and West Africa. To date there are no known correlates of protection however, recently the FDA and EMA have approved a vaccine, Ervebo. This vaccine utilizes a replication competent viral vector which may be contraindicated in immunocompromised individuals, pregnant women, and infants. Our lab has developed a recombinant protein subunit vaccine, a platform that is generally considered safe for immunocompromised, pregnant women, and infants. Our vaccine, when properly adjuvanted, demonstrates protection in non-human primates and may also induce maternal immunization. Maternal Immunization is the phenomena of inducing passive immunity via maternal antibody. This occurs via transfer of IgG using the FcRn. This receptor binds the Fc portion of IgG in a pH dependent manner which facilitates transcytosis of IgG across the placental, mammary tissue, as well as gut epithelial layer. In rodents, maternal IgG is transferred across the gut epithelia throughout the nursing period. This project demonstrates in mice the immunogenicity of a protein subunit vaccine comprised of Ebola glycoprotein and adjuvant administered during gestation as well as the transfer of antigen specific maternal antibody to offspring through milk. To investigate maternal immunization we vaccinated female Swiss Webster mice during gestation and measured antigen specific IgG levels in both the mothers and pups as well as in the milk. Antigen specific maternal antibody titers found in pup sera mimic those found in fully immunized adult females weeks after weaning, indicating the potential for maintaining an antigen specific humoral response in neonates.
Which Nitrogen? Combining Computer Modeling with Laboratory Work in Organic Chemistry

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVLab-ExptNEXTWhich Nitrogen? Combining Computer Modeling with Laboratory Work in Organic ChemistryLeslie A. Hull View Author Information Department of Chemistry, Union College, Schenectady, NY 12308Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 3, 420Publication Date (Web):March 1, 2001Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 March 2001Published inissue 1 March 2001https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ed078p420https://doi.org/10.1021/ed078p420research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views539Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Alkyls,Molecular modeling,Nitrogen,Organic chemistry,Students Get e-Alerts
Síntese e caracterização de óxidos de zinco e de magnésio\nsuportados em A1SBA-15 para produção de biodiesel

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Para superar o desafio de atender a crescente demanda por energia de forma sustentável, o\nbiodiesel tem se demonstrado bastante promissor como alternativa energética, que possa\nsubstituir os combustíveis fosseis, mesmo que parcialmente. Industrialmente, o biodiesel é\nproduzido através de reação homogênea de transesterificação de óleos vegetais na presença de\nespécies básicas utilizadas como catalisadores. Entretanto, este processo há a necessidade de\npurificação dos ésteres obtidos e a remoção da glicerina formada após a reação. Diante deste\ncontexto, tem-se buscado catalisadores alternativos, que possa aprimorar o processo de\nprodução de biodiesel, visando diminuir os custos e facilitar a sua produção. Neste trabalho,\nforam sintetizados o suporte AlSBA-15 na razão Si/Al = 50, e os catalisadores heterogêneos\nde óxido de zinco e de magnésio suportado sobre sílica mesoporosa AlSBA-15, nas\nconcentração de 5, 10, 15 e 30 %, com relação ao suporte. As propriedades texturais e a\ncaracterização estrutural dos catalisadores e do suporte foram determinadas pelas técnicas de:\ndifratometria de raios X (DRX), microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV), microscopia\neletrônica de transmissão (MET) acoplada ao analisador químico, adsorção/dessorção de N2,\nanálise térmica (TG/DTG), espectroscopia de absorção na região do infravermelho (FTIR) e\nespectroscopia fotoeletrônica de raios X (XPS). Os resultados de caracterização indicaram\nque o suporte AlSBA-15 preservou a estrutura hexagonal ordenada, após a incorporação do\nóxido de zinco e do óxido de magnésio no suporte. Em relação aos catalisadores\nheterogêneos, ZnO-AlSBA-15, observou-se a presença de nanopartículas de óxido de zinco\ndispersas na superfície e no interior dos canais microporosos e mesoporosos do suporte. A\natividade catalítica foi avaliada pela reação de transesterificação do óleo de girassol via rota\nmetílica, e alguns parâmetros reacionais foram otimizados com o catalisador mais ativo na\nprodução de biodiesel pelo óleo de girassol. Para as séries de catalisadores heterogêneos, a\namostra com 30 % ZnO suportado na AlSBA-15 apresentou melhor conversão dos\ntriglicerídeos em ésteres metílicos, cerca de 95,41 %, nas condições reacional de: temperatura\nde 175 ºC, com razão molar de 42:1, em agitação de 200 rpm e sob pressão de 14 bar durante\n6 h. O catalisador MgO-AlSBA-15 não apresentou atividade catalítica nas reações estudadas
Digital logic for soft devices

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Significance Soft devices offer many useful characteristics, including safe operation in close proximity to humans, the ability to adapt to their surroundings, ease of sterilization, simplicity, low cost, and light weight. Current soft devices, however, are still actuated by hard valves and electronic controls, and reliance on these components limits the use of soft devices in applications where hard structures or electronics are not compatible. This work demonstrates completely soft digital logic gates that can be integrated into soft devices and that allow computation and control within these devices, without hard valves or electronics. We demonstrate data storage, signal processing, digital-to-analog conversion, environmental sensing, and collaborative interaction between humans and soft devices.
Autophagy contributes to regulation of the hypoxia response during submergence in Arabidopsis thaliana

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Autophagy involves massive degradation of intracellular components and functions as a conserved system that helps cells to adapt to adverse conditions. In mammals, hypoxia rapidly stimulates autophagy as a cell survival response. Here, we examine the function of autophagy in the regulation of the plant response to submergence, an abiotic stress that leads to hypoxia and anaerobic respiration in plant cells. In Arabidopsis thaliana, submergence induces the transcription of autophagy-related (ATG) genes and the formation of autophagosomes. Consistent with this, the autophagy-defective (atg) mutants are hypersensitive to submergence stress and treatment with ethanol, the end product of anaerobic respiration. Upon submergence, the atg mutants have increased levels of transcripts of anaerobic respiration genes (alcohol dehydrogenase 1, ADH1 and pyruvate decarboxylase 1, PDC1), but reduced levels of transcripts of other hypoxia- and ethylene-responsive genes. Both submergence and ethanol treatments induce the accumulation of reactive oxygen species in the rosettes of atg mutants more than in the wild type. Moreover, the production of reactive oxygen species by the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases is necessary for plant tolerance to submergence and ethanol, submergence-induced expression of ADH1 and PDC1, and activation of autophagy. The submergence- and ethanol-sensitive phenotypes in the atg mutants depend on a complete salicylic acid (SA) signaling pathway. Together, our findings demonstrate that submergence-induced autophagy functions in the hypoxia response in Arabidopsis by modulating SA-mediated cellular homeostasis.
Multi locus sequence typing of Chlamydiales: clonal groupings within Chlamydophila abortus and host associated genotypes of Chlamydophila psittaci

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Y. Pannekoek, D.S.A. Beeckman, V. Dickx, E. Vretou, D. Vanrompay and A. van der Ende 1 Academic Medical Center, Center for Infection and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA), Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; 2 Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; 3 Laboratory of Biotechnology, Department of Microbiology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens, Greece