jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Activation of human and mouse Kupffer cells by lipopolysaccharide is mediated by CD14

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Upregulation of CD14 in Kupffer cells has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several forms of liver injury, including alcoholic liver disease. However, it remains unclear whether CD14 mediates lipopolysaccharide (LPS) signaling in this specialized liver macrophage population. In this series of experiments, we determined the role of CD14 in LPS activation of Kupffer cells by using several complementary approaches. First, we isolated Kupffer cells from human livers and studied the effects of anti-CD14 antibodies on LPS activation of these cells. Kupffer cells were incubated with increasing concentrations of LPS in the presence and absence of recombinant human LPS binding protein (LBP). With increasing concentrations of LPS, human Kupffer cell tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) production (a marker for Kupffer cell activation) increased in a dose-dependent manner in the presence and absence of LBP. In the presence of anti-human CD14 antibodies, the production of TNF-α was significantly diminished. Second, we compared LPS activation of Kupffer cells isolated from wild-type and CD14 knockout mice. Kupffer cells from CD14 knockout mice produced significantly less TNF-α in response to the same amount of LPS. Together, these data strongly support a critical role for CD14 in Kupffer cell responses to LPS.
Arctic Field Summer Schools: training and awareness in the Arctic

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

A series of three summer schools engaged nearly fifty graduate students in exploring science questions related to current Arctic challenges, and brought together leading Arctic researchers from the partner institutions. Each partner organised a Field School and each had their own unique styles and emphasis. This collaboration aimed to deepen the Arctic knowledge of the young generation, and to create knowledge and resources to stimulate interest in Arctic research. The program promoted awareness about challenges caused by changing sea ice conditions, ice bergs, ocean and meteorological conditions, how we can use remote sensing to monitor these, and the needs of the Arctic communities.
Comparing the Profile of Temperament and Character Dimensions in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder and Bipolar Mood Disorder with a Control Group.

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Objective: This study was conducted to compare the profile of temperament and character dimensions in patients with major depressive disorder and bipolar mood disorder with a control group. Method: In this causal-comparative study, the population consisted of 2 clinical groups (major depressive disorder and bipolar mood disorder) and a non-clinical group. The sample was 193 individuals (77 patients with major depressive disorder, 86 patients with bipolar mood disorder, and 30 controls), with an age range of 18 to 65 years and the mean age of 40.1. They were selected from Roozbeh psychiatric hospital using available sampling method. Tools used in this research included Temperament and Character Inventory-140 and General Health Questionnaire-28. Collected data were analyzed by independent t test and one-way analysis of variance using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences-22 software. Results: The results revealed a significant difference among groups in dimensions of novelty seeking, harm avoidance, persistence, self-directedness, and cooperativeness (P <0.05). The results showed that the mean was different in males and females only in the novelty seeking dimension (P <0.05). Conclusion: In general, our results revealed that patients with major depressive disorder and bipolar mood disorder have different personality profiles in some dimensions of temperament and character compared with the control group.
Effect of nicotine chewing gum on smoking behaviour and as an aid to cigarette withdrawal.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

In a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial the effect of 2-mg nicotine chewing gum was studied in 43 smokers when they were smoking as inclined and when they were trying to stop smoking. Although 70% of the smokers stopped smoking during treatment, only 23% were still abstinent after one year. The effect of the nicotine, though significant, was small compared with the overall reduction in smoking. When the subjects were smoking as inclined cigarette consumption was reduced by an average of 37% on the nicotine gum compared with 31% on placebo gum, while avergage carboxyhaemoglobin (COHb) levels were reduced by 26% and 15% on the active and placebo gums respectively. When subjects tried to stop smoking there was a further considerable reduction in cigarette consumption, but no longer any difference between the two gums. Nevertheless, average COHb was still lower on the active gum. Plasma nicotine levels on the nicotine gum averaged only 10-7 ng/ml compared with 27-4 ng/ml after smoking. Better results could be expected with 4-mg nicotine gums.
Optimization and performance evaluation of graphic processing units for voice processing

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

With the advancement in the device technology and parallel architecture, field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) can well perform the speech processing operation. FPGAs have very impressive results, despite their low operating frequency, by completely extracting the parallelism. Nevertheless, recent central processing unit and graphic processing unit (GPU) have also an inherent feature for high performance. In fact, recent GPUs enable dramatic increases in computing performance by harnessing great number of cores. In this context, we seek to analyze the performance of the linear prediction coding algorithm implementation on two different platforms: one based on the GPU NVIDIA GeForce GTX 480 and another on the FPGA Spartan-6. Subsequently, we try to apply several optimization strategies on those platforms. The experimental results highlight the relative robustness or weakness of both these platforms. The tests prove that, for several samples, GPU manages speedups of up to 4× compared to the FPGA and around 48× compared to a sequential execution.
Struggles of resiliency: women negotiating interpersonal relationality following burn injury

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Burn injury is considered a distressing and traumatic injury often leading to psychological disturbances such as depression, anxiety, posttraumatic stress disorder, and body image dissatisfaction. At the same time, the literature also suggests that people demonstrate surprising resiliency when dealing with their burn injury. How women who have experienced burns understand their injury and what it means to them to be a resilient, is largely ignored in the burn literature. This study addressed these shortcomings by exploring narratives from thirteen women, recruited from a regional burn center, who experienced a burn injury of up to 30% of their total body surface area (TBSA). Two interviews were conducted with each participant. The first interview employed a photo elicitation technique whereby photographs taken by the participant of her life with a burn injury were used to elicit stories in the context of the interview. The second interview was conducted using a semi-structured interview schedule developed to investigate experiences and understandings of distress and resiliency. The interview transcripts were analyzed using narrative analysis in order to explore how women constructed stories about distress and resiliency following burn injury. The findings show three main struggles the women faced in negotiating resiliency which all pertained to relational tension, that is, relationships with others. The three struggles of resiliency identified in the study are 1) feeling as though the body was public, 2) deciding how to share their burn experience with others, and 3) accepting support from others while maintaining independence. The findings of this study are discussed in the context of a relational theory named self-silencing which delineates how women behave socially to maintain relationships by inhibiting self-expression. Findings are also discussed relative to current research in the areas of burn injury and resiliency.
Rapid Deswelling Response of Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) Hydrogels by the Formation of Water Release Channels Using Poly(ethylene oxide) Graft Chains

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) chains are introduced as graft chains maintaining freely mobile ends in thermo-responsive cross-linked poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PIPAAm) hydrogels by copolymerization of IPAAm with α-acryloyl-ω-methoxy-PEO. The deswelling response on raising the temperature of this gel above the gel phase transition temperature (TP) takes place within 10 min, whereas a conventionally cross-linked PIPAAm gel of the same dimensions requires 1 month for deswelling. This difference is due to the formation of water release channels within the skin layer by the hydrophilic PEO graft chains. The rapid deswelling of the grafted gel is compared with the deswelling changes of random copolymer gels composed of IPAAm and hydrophilic acrylic acid (AAc), which also accelerates gel deswelling. Deswelling is fastest in copolymers containing 1.3 wt % AAc and in grafted gels containing 13 wt % PEO. These results were interpreted as reflecting the gel structure.
Learning analytics for and in serious games - different perspectives

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Over the last decade, serious games have become accepted educational tools and the idea of using the great strength of modern computer games for educational purposes experienced a significant boost. From an educational perspective, computer games offer a promising approach to make learning more engaging, satisfying, and probably more effective. \nHowever, playing experience and learning motivation are fragile assets; to be enjoyable, a computer game must be balanced well, meaning the game must match an individual player’s playing preferences, playing styles, and playing capabilities in a suitable way in order to too one-sided gameplay. An appropriate adaptation is of crucial importance in order to reach and maintain fun and enjoyment on the one hand and effective, successful learning on the other hand (a review can be found in Kickmeier-Rust, Mattheiss, Steiner, and Albert, 2011). \nThe starting point of an educationally suitable adaptation and good game-balancing is to equip the game with and understanding of the learning domain, aspects and characteristics of the player and, in particular, an understanding about what is going on in the game, for example, motivational states or learning performance. Thus, seamless user performance assessment is a major research topic. It is not a trivial to assess and interpret activity data coming from the game in an unobtrusive manner in order not to harm the gaming experience and perhaps ‘flow’ and requires intelligent technologies. \nA recent trend in educational technology is educational data mining (EDM) and learning analytics (LA). The fundamental idea of learning analytics is not new, in essence, the aim is using as much information about learners as possible to understand the meaning of the data in terms of the learners’ strengths, abilities, knowledge, weakness, learning progress, attitudes, and social networks with the final goal of providing the best and most appropriate personalized support. \nAt this point educational adaptation, game balancing, seamless assessment and EDM/LA meet. New educational technologies leverage the potential of serious games and increase their educational depth. \nThe workshop is organized around and out of 2 European projects, the GALA Network of Excellence (www.galanoe.eu) and the ICT project LEA’s BOX (www.leas-box.eu). The goal of the worship is bringing together different research disciplines, technological approaches as well as practitioners in order to discuss this broad conceptual area from a broad range of perspective. \nThe one day workshop will be composed of three major parts: (i) a presentation of various technical, conceptual, and theoretical approaches, (ii) a session for demonstrations and hand-on activities, and (iii) a wrap-up of the experiences in the demos and a general discussion about the needs, existing solutions, and the directions for future research. The focus on melding educational technology and analytics / data mining perfectly suits the conference theme where EC-TEL and iKnow are linked.
Recovery of mineral fertiliser N and slurry N in continuous silage maize using the 15N and difference methods

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The stable isotope technique and the difference method are common approaches for estimating fertiliser N uptake efficiency. Both methods, however, have limitations and their suitability may depend on N management and environmental conditions. A field experiment was conducted on a humus sandy soil in northern Germany to estimate fertiliser N uptake efficiency of silage maize in the year of application (Zea mays L.) by the stable isotope and the difference method as influenced by the type of N fertiliser (mineral vs. cattle slurry), the application mode (separate or combined application), and N rate. Seven N treatments were included (0, 50, 100 and 150 kg mineral N ha−1; 20, 40 m³ cattle slurry ha−1; 50 kg mineral N ha−1 plus 40 m³ slurry ha−1), where either mineral N or slurry N was labelled, and mineral N was split into two dressings. In addition, 4.1 kg ha−1 labelled mineral N was incorporated into otherwise unlabelled treatments (0, 20, 40 m³ ha−1, and 50 kg mineral N ha−1 plus 40 m³ ha−1) to estimate N uptake from the upper soil layer. Uptake of 15N was followed in leaves, stalk, ear, and the whole crop. Fertiliser N uptake efficiency (FNUE15N) of mineral fertiliser N obtained by the isotope technique ranged between 51 and 61%. Recovered fertiliser N was mainly found in the ear, while less labelled N remained in leaves and the stalk. The nitrogen rate tended to increase the amount of recovered N, but the effect was not consistent among plant parts and the whole crop. Plant N uptake from non-fertiliser N was found to increase N input up to 100 kg N ha−1. Nitrogen recoveries of the two mineral N dressings were similar for the different plant parts as well as for the whole crop. Fertiliser N uptake efficiency (FNUEdiff) of mineral N estimated by the difference method resulted in substantially higher values compared to FNUE15N, varying between 56 and 98%. More N was taken up from the upper soil layer with increasing N supply, which is regarded as a major error source of the difference method. Slurry N was taken up less efficient in the year of application than mineral fertiliser N as indicated by recovery rates of 21–22% (FNUE15N) and 39–62% (FNUEdiff), respectively. When mineral N and slurry were applied together, the difference method estimated significantly lower N uptake efficiencies for both mineral and slurry N compared to a single application, while values obtained by the isotope method were not affected.
ORIGINAL ARTICLE A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY ON THE SOURCES AND LEVELS OF STRESS AMONG SECOND YEAR UNDERGRADUATE MEDICAL STUDENTS

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Stress is common in medical students. Medical school is recognized as a stressful environ-ment that often exerts a negative effect on the academic performance, physical health and psychological wellbeing of the students. Very few studies documenting the sources and levels of stress has been done in Indian medical students. Objectives: The current study was undertaken to assess the levels &amp; sources of stress among second year undergraduate medical students. Methods: We did a cross-sectional study using Medical Student Stressor Questionnaire (MSSQ) to esti-mate the sources, levels of stress &amp; compared the stress levels between female and male undergraduate medical students. Totally 69 students participated in the study out of which 41 were females &amp; 28 were males. Results: Upon analysis, the Academic Related Stress (2.26), Intrapersonal &amp; interpersonal related stress levels (2.03) was high among the second year undergraduate students. So Academic Related &amp; Intraper-sonal &amp; interpersonal related were the major sources of stress among the students followed by Group ac-tivities related stress (1.87), Social related stress (1.82), Teaching and learning related stress (1.55) and Drive and desire related stress (1.43) in that order, in all of whom the stress levels was mild. Conclusion: The current study revealed the levels &amp; sources of stress among second year undergraduate medical students. It also indicated that academic problems were the main sources of stress compared to non-academic problems. Females had comparatively more stress levels than their male counterparts.
The Imprisoned Body: Women, Health And Imprisonment

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Problems affecting the female prison population have become increasingly \nacute. In response to a spirit of 'toughness' in penal policy, the number of \nwomen prisoners has grown sharply and more women are being sent to prison \ndespite arguments in favour of decarceration and alternative sanctions. \nIn prison, women make greater demands on prison health services and are \ngenerally considered to carry a greater load of physical and mental ill-health \nthan their male counterparts. However, a gender-sensitive theory based on an \nunderstanding of the relationship between women's health and women's \nimprisonment has not been formulated. \nHealth is a complex phenomenon of inseparable physical, mental and social \nprocesses. Research conducted in three women's prisons in England set out to \nexplore the relationships between these processes. Data were generated from \ngroup discussions, in-depth interviews, a questionnaire survey and observation \nand participation in 'the field'. The findings suggest that women's imprisonment \nis disadvantageous to 'good' health. \nDeprivations, isolation, discreditation and the deleterious effects of excessive \nregulation and control all cause women to suffer as they experience \nimprisonment. These are not medical problems. Yet, they often become so \nonce they cause, as they inevitably do, stress and anxiety. The woman prisoner \nwho finds herself unable to cope is likely, eventually, to come into contact with \nthe prison medical enterprise where a medicalised view of suffering \nde-politicises the significance of women's distress. \nSocial and cultural factors in women's pre-prison and prison lives interact to \ninfluence their health and their freedom to choose 'correct' health behaviours. \nWhile different in degree, the problems facing women prisoners are of the same \nkind as those they face in their outside lives and the same kinds of 'solutions' \nare adapted to deal with them. Such solutions often have unforeseen \nconsequences which can intensify the pains of imprisonment and be further \nprejudicial to health. \nThese findings raise questions about the philosophies underpinning current \nmodels of prison health care where the benevolent aims of 'health promotion' \nmay become extremely punitive.
Availability Analysis of Irrigation Systems for Improved Management

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Availability of an irrigation system is defined as the ratio of time of successful system operation to total desired operation time. Operation is successful when the flow rate of water supplied exceeds a given percentage of the lesser of crop water requirements or design flow rate. Thus, availability provides adequacy and dependability information. Furthermore, this ratio can be decomposed into unavailabilities indicating the percentage of time low flow was caused by various problems. This is valuable information for improving water delivery performance. Over 12 seasons availability varied from 0.0 to 0.90 in two Nepal irrigation systems. Canal capacity less than crop water requirements was the greatest reason for unavailability during the monsoon season. Lack of water in the source was the greatest reason during other seasons.
THE EFFECT OF 5.3 Mev POLONIUM$sup 210$ ALPHA-PARTICLES ON THE ELECTRICAL ACTIVITY OF /cap alpha/- AND /cap beta/-FIBRES OF THE FROG SCIATIC NERVE

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Irradiation of small bundles of frog sciatic nerve with 5.3 Mev Po/sup 210/ alpha particles results in an initial enhancement of the alpha - and beta - potentials of the compound action potential. This enhancement, preceding the blocking of the conductivity of the fibers, appears earlier in the beta than in alpha -fibers. The decline of the potential due to the irradiation occurs in the beta -fibers at a faster rate than in the alpha -fibers. (auth)
Jamu: Javanese Doping During the Covid-19 Pandemic

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Jamu is a part of traditional medicine that draws many people's attention today. This can be seen in the increasing consumption of jamu in Indonesian society. This increase can be influenced by the decision of the Indonesian people to consume jamu as an effort to prevent Covid-19. This study revealed the reasons behind the choice of jamu as an effort to prevent Covid-19 in some Indonesian people, especially in rural Javanese people where jamu is very closely related to their lives. This research was conducted in Mojorejo Village, Kebonsari District, Madiun Regency by involving 20 informants obtained through purposive sampling technique. This research was conducted from April to June 2021. The ethnographic method was used to enable the researchers to dig deeper into the informants' experiences regarding herbal medicine. The researchers analyzed the research data by coding and included secondary data to enrich the findings.Rural Javanese people choose jamu as doping during the Covid-19 pandemic for three reasons, including the tradition of drinking jamu, its immune booster properties, and the 3M (mudah, murah, manjur) [Easy, Cheap, Effective] aspects of jamu. Jamu ingredients that include ginger, curcuma, aromatic ginger, turmeric, and tamarind are believed to be able to boost their immune system during the pandemic.