jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Dust Spectral Energy Distribution Data from Zelko & Finkbeiner 2020a and 2020b

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Data set containing the dust spectral energy distribution data from Zelko & Finkbeiner 2020a[1] and 2020b[2]. <br /> <br /> Interstellar dust emission is modeled with Draine-like models with grain-size distributions constrained by optical/UV extinction, far IR emission, and interstellar abundances (Zelko & Finkbeiner 2020a), for a fixed and variable radiation field. <br /> <br /> The frequency for the interstellar dust emission follows the proposed frequency spectrum of the proposed Primordial Inflation Explorer (PIXIE, Kogut et al. 2016). There are 416 frequency bins, each spaced 14.4GHz apart, spanning a frequency range from 14.4GHz to 5994.1GHz. <br /> <br /> Nashimoto et al. (2020) discussed the effect of interstellar dust absorption of the cosmic microwave background. The data presented here has two dataset, one which includes the effect of the absorption of the CMB (marked as "shadow"), and one which does not (marked as "no_shadow"). <br /> <br /> We consider the case of a fixed interstellar radiation field, with datasets marked "fixed_chi", as well as the case of variable radiation field with the coefficient χISRF taking values between 0.5 and 2. The latter datasets are labeled with "variable_chi". <br /> <br /> For the case where ISRF varies, χISRF takes the 10 values: [0.5, 0.58326452, 0.680395, 0.79370053, 0.92587471, 1.08005974, 1.25992105, 1.46973449, 1.71448797, 2.]. <br /> <br /> The dust emission collections are also separated based on their Rv' (defined in Schlafly et al. 2016, together with its corresponding x parameter) since the size distributions of the dust grains that give rise to the SEDs were constrained to have reddening laws corresponding to 15 different Rv' (see Zelko & Finkbeiner 2020a). <br /> <br /> The 15 values of Rv' are: [2.936, 2.988, 3.04, 3.092, 3.144, 3.196, 3.248, 3.3, 3.352, 3.404, 3.456, 3.508, 3.56, 3.612, 3.664]. <br /> <br /> The corresponding 15 values of the x parameter: [-0.04, -0.03428571, -0.02857143, -0.02285714, -0.01714286, -0.01142857, -0.00571429, 0., 0.00571429, 0.01142857, 0.01714286, 0.02285714, 0.02857143, 0.03428571, 0.04]. <br /> <br /> For each χISRF and Rv' case, 300 sample end of chains positions were stored from the MCMC processes run. <br /> <br /> The values for the frequencies, Rv', x are stored as attributes of the master dataset. <br /> <br /> Thus, the dimmensions of the dataset are: <br /> - for the no-shadow, fixed_chi case: (Rv, samples, frequency), corresponding to (15, 300, 416) <br /> - for the no-shadow, variable_chi case: (χISRF, Rv, samples, frequency), corresponding to (10, 15, 300, 416) <br /> - for the shadow, fixed_chi case: (Rv, samples, frequency), corresponding to (15, 300, 416) <br /> - for the shadow, variable_chi case: (χISRF, Rv, samples, frequency), corresponding to (10, 15, 300, 416) <br /> <br /> For more details about the creation process of the data set, see <a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2009.11869 "> Zelko & Finkbeiner 2020a</a>, and <a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2010.06589"> Zelko & Finkbeiner 2020b</a>.
Computational Studies of the Combustion of Hydrogen Containing Gases in Power Plants

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, the problem of greenhouse gas emissions and various methods of reducing their emissions from the combustion of organic fuels in power plants are considered. The volumes of reducing carbon dioxide emissions due to the conversion of coal-fired thermal power plants to natural gas and the introduction of advanced technologies at thermal power plants are estimated. The prospects of burning pure hydrogen in the combustion chamber of a modern gas turbine engine are shown.
High urinary diversion with an ileal conduit in children.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

High ileal diversion has been performed on 26 children with destroyed ureteral function in the authors9 experience. Fifteen were azotemic when diverted. Renal function has improved or stabilized in 21 of the 23 patients (91%) who survived operation followed for as long as 8 years. Pyelographic appearance has improved or stabilized in 34 of 39 kidneys (87%) in these children. Ten patients were diverted more than 5 years ago. Renal function has improved or stabilized in all seven who are now alive. High ileal diversion has thus proved to be safe and reliable. Although azotemic children also can be salvaged, the authors advocate earlier high diversion of kidneys drained by badly dilated and poorly functioning ureters.
Socioenvironmental problems in agrarian reform settlement projects in the Amazon region portal, Brazil

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The creation of rural settlements for the purpose of agrarian reform within the Brazilian Amazon has generated discussions and since its first implementation and brought innumerable contradictions, both environmental and social. So, naturally, questions arise about questions such as: In what context were these settlements constituted? How did the occupation of this territory impact the environment and what were the consequences of these impacts on the ecosystems and families of small farmers? This work aims, through an bibliographical review, to conceptualize the socioenvironmental impacts of the implantation of agrarian reform settlements in the Amazon and to try to elucidate or at least contribute to discuss how the failures in the management of these projects affected the lives of settled families and the ecosystem as a whole. The current structure of the landscape reveals management failures, such as the inconsistencies in the division of lots, which combined with the implantation of pastures, have increased deforestation. The inconsistencies in the construction and implementation of public policies that enabled the farmer to remain on the land in a sustainable manner, generated a state of poverty and consequent rural exodus. It is possible to produce in a sustainable way, being necessary to provide orientation and resources for farmers and the promotion of actions that aim at the production with sustainability, such as Agroforestry Systems and extractivism, practices that have been working in some localities.
Mechanism-based inhibition of lactoperoxidase by thiocarbamide goitrogens

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The irreversible inactivation of bovine lactoperoxidase by thiocarbamide goitrogens was measured, and the kinetics were consistent with a mechanism-based (suicide) mode. Sulfide ion inactivated, 2-mercaptobenzimidazole-inactivated, and 1-methyl-2-mercaptoimidazole-inactivated lactoperoxidases have different visible spectra, suggesting different products were formed. The results support a mechanism in which reactive intermediates are formed by S-oxygenation reactions catalyzed by lactoperoxidase compound II. It is proposed that the reaction of electron-deficient intermediates with the heme prosthetic group is responsible for the observed spectral changes and inactivation by thiocarbamides.
Analysis of structural and functional differences between epileptic patients and healthy controls

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

As per the reports of the World Health Organization, around 50 million people worldwide are affected by Epilepsy which constitutes close to 1% of the total human population. In 70% of the cases, the use of AED (Anti-Epilepsy drugs) has proven to be successful in the treatment of epilepsy. In some cases who respond poorly to the Anti-Epilepsy Drugs, surgical therapy may be effective. Surgical epilepsy treatment is a complicated procedure which requires a thorough analysis of the patient's brain activity. This is usually done by obtaining data through various neuroimaging techniques such as electroencephalogram (EEG), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), etc. and then identifying the location of the seizure onset zone which may differ from patient to patient. Once the seizure onset zone has been located, it can be removed through resection to prevent the occurrence of seizures. However, in case of generalized seizures, the onset zone for the seizures is unknown which makes surgical treatment impossible. In this dissertation, actual clinical data of patients with IGE have been analysed to identify the differences present in the structural and the functional organisation of nodes and edges in the brain networks of patients when compared to that of healthy controls by calculating and comparing various graph theoretical measures. The significantly different regions identified may help doctors to perform surgical epilepsy treatment in patients with IGE. The results may assist further research to unravel the structural and functional abnormalities that cause excessive neuronal activity in the brain.
Revised supplementary Table 1 from Genome-Wide Analysis Identifies MEN1 and MAX Mutations and a Neuroendocrine-Like Molecular Heterogeneity in Quadruple WT GIST

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

<p>Supplementary Table 1. Significative pathways found by functional enrichment analysis with WEB-based GEne SeT AnaLysis Toolkit.</p>
Effect of Coastal Erosion on Storm Surge: A Case Study in the Southern Coast of Rhode Island

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The objective of this study was to assess the effect of shoreline retreat and dune erosion on coastal flooding in a case study located in the southern coast of Rhode Island, USA. Using an extensive dataset collected during 2011, an ADCIRC model was developed to simulate the propagation of storm surge in the coastal areas, including coastal inlets and ponds. A simplified methodology, based on the geological assessment of historical trends of the shoreline retreat and dune erosion in this area, was incorporated in the model to represent coastal erosion. The results showed that for extreme storms (e.g., a 100-year event), where coastal dunes are overtopped and low-lying areas are flooded, the flooding extent is not significantly sensitive to coastal erosion. However, failure of the dunes leads to a significant increase of the flooding extent for smaller storms. Substantial dampening of the storm surge elevation in coastal ponds for moderate and small storms was associated with coastal inlets connecting to coastal ponds which are often not resolved in regional surge models. The shoreline change did not significantly affect the extent of flooding. It was also shown that the accuracy of a storm surge model highly depends on its ability to resolve coastal inlets, which is critical for reliable storm surge predictions in areas with inlet-basin systems.
Changes in Serum Progesterone Levels and Subsequent Fertility in Cows after Artificial Insemination

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Serum progesterone level (SPL) was measured in 52 cows by an enzyme immunoassay on the day of insemination and 7 days after insemination (a. i.). As a result, 47 cows (90.4%) were judged to be in estrus with ovulation, one cow (1.9%) was in estrus without ovulation, and 4 cows were not in estrus. Of the 47 cows, 36 were judged to be pregnant by rectal examination 60 days a. i. In them, SPL began to rise 7 days a. i. and remained to be rather high until 20-22 days a. i., ranging from 1.2 to 8.2 (5.3±1.7, mean±SD) ng/ml. In the other 16 non-pregnant cows, SPL decreased significantly (p<0.01) until 20-22 days a. i., ranging from 0.4 to 5.5 (1.3±1.2) ng/ml. A diagnosis of pregnancy was made in 40 cows by serum progesterone assay. The accuracy of early pregnancy diagnosis by this assay was 90% for positive cases and 100% for negative cases.
Extremaduran identity. Reflections from social anthropology

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article deals with the Extremaduran identity from a historical-anthropological perspective. In the first section, we advocate, in a compact synthesis, the multifocal evaluation that Extremadura has recieved in distinct temporal contexts. We examine images that, from both inside and outside, have constructed/invented the cultural nature of Extremadura. The second part consists of a reflection on the contruction of the ethnic Extremaduran identity and the process of emergent ethnogenesis that is currently active in the social- and political- cultural mosaic of the Spanish State. We conclude with certain considerations about the effects and inequalities that the “differentiation fact”, the processes of sociocultural differentiation, are provoking between the distinct sociocultural circumscriptions. PALABRAS CLAVE | KEYWORDS identidad cultural | etnicidad | etnocentrismo | Extremadura | particularismo | cultural identity | ethnicity | ethnocentrism | particularism
Harming Depositors and Helping Borrowers: The Disparate Impact of Bank Consolidation

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

A model of multimarket spatial competition is developed where small, single-market banks compete with large, multimarket banks (LMBs) for retail loans and deposits. Consistent with empirical evidence, LMBs are assumed to set retail interest rates uniformly across markets, have different operating costs, and have access to wholesale funding. If LMBs have significant funding advantages that offset potential loan operating cost disadvantages, then market-extension mergers by LMBs promote loan competition, especially in concentrated markets. However, such mergers reduce retail deposit competition, especially in less concentrated markets. Prior empirical research and our own analysis of retail deposit rates support the model's predictions. The Author 2008. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Financial Studies. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org., Oxford University Press.
Biochemical characterization of murine Fc gamma RI.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The biochemical analysis of murine Fc gamma RI has been difficult because this receptor is co-expressed with other Fc receptors on the cell surface of myeloid cells and all precipitate together with immune complexes. To overcome this problem and to study cells which expressed Fc gamma RI and only this Fc receptor, stable transfection of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells (Fc gamma RI-) with Fc gamma RI cDNA was performed thereby permitting biochemical characterization of Fc gamma RI in isolation from other Fc receptors. Studies of Fc gamma RI+CHO cells showed the mature Fc gamma RI to be a 70,000 MW single-chain receptor on the cell surface. The 70,000 MW molecule was also identified on the Fc gamma RI+ cell lines, J774 (a macrophage-like cell line), and 18.81 (a pre-B-cell line). Fc gamma RI was shown to be N-linked glycosylated and after deglycosylation to have a protein core of 49,000 MW. Fc gamma RI was found to be phosphorylated and after PMA stimulation, the level of phosphorylation was increased; serine residues in the cytoplasmic tail were identified as the phosphate acceptors. Thus, Fc gamma RI can now be definitely characterized as a 70,000 MW phosphoprotein.
The Protestant Population of South-East Leinster, 1834–1981

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Restricted accessAbstractFirst published June 1993The Protestant Population of South-East Leinster, 1834–1981: M. Litt. Thesis, University of Dublin, 1990Ferran GlenfieldView all authors and affiliationsVolume 20, Issue 1https://doi.org/10.1177/033248939302000109
NAVIGATING THE LEGAL GRAY ZONE: THE DILEMMA OF UNILATERAL SANCTIONS IN GLOBAL DIPLOMACY

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In the contemporary global landscape, the unilateral imposition of sanctions by sovereign states, without the endorsement of international organizations or established international law, has become increasingly prevalent. This trend, characterized by excessive proliferation, presents a complex challenge to the international community. The primary enforcers of such sanctions are the United States and the European Union, with the latter having listed 34 international entities as subjects of sanctions. The Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) within the U.S. Department of the Treasury, in 2022 alone, has initiated 100 sanction actions encompassing 82 countries and regions, targeting 2204 individuals and entities. Additionally, countries like the United Kingdom, Canada, and Australia have also resorted to unilateral sanctions as a tool for implementing their foreign policies. This growing reliance on sanctions raises significant concerns, given the lack of clear legal boundaries for unilateral sanctions in international law. Unilateral sanctions do not fit within the well-defined framework of international law and have not been precisely defined by any authoritative document. Consequently, the inherent ambiguity in this legal realm poses a substantial threat to international peace and security. This article, in response to this critical issue, adopts a methodical approach to assess the legality of unilateral sanctions. It initiates the analysis from the vantage point of United Nations Security Council sanctions resolutions, subsequently delving into the examination of unilateral sanctions in the context of international treaties and customary international law. The objective is to establish well-defined legal parameters for unilateral sanctions within contemporary international law.
Effect of Fibre Weight Percentage on Thermo-Mechanical Properties of Needlepunched Nonwoven Reinforced Polymer Composites

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Thermo-mechanical behaviour of polyester fibre based needlepunched nonwoven fabric mat reinforced epoxy composites were analyzed with varying weight fraction (20 wt.%, 30 wt.% and 40 wt.%) of fabric mat. Thermo-mechanical or visco-elastic behaviour of the needle-punched nonwoven reinforced composites were analysed with the help of Dynamic Mechanical Analyser (DMA) at temperature range of 20 0 C to 200 0 C, at fixed vibrating frequency of 1 Hz for three point bending loading.
İŞ-YAŞAM DENGESI AÇISINDAN PERSONEL ÇIZELGELEMENIN İNCELENMESI

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Work-life balance (WLB) can be defined as the ability of employees to fulfill their family and work responsibilities smoothly. Accordingly, WLB can be achieved by creating an environment that the individual can determine to keep the conflict between the tasks undertaken by individuals in their work and non-work lives to a minimum. In a study, it was found that 30% of the employees were not satisfied with their job due to long working hours, 21% due to high workload and 16% due to work-related stress. It was observed that 11% of the employees could not devote enough time to their social life (family) and therefore had difficulty in establishing the work-life balance. It is necessary to develop the most appropriate solutions with shift planning for the work success and social life of the employees. For this reason, the software developed was developed in accordance with the WLB of the employees, and programming algorithms were applied in the software with different methods.In this study, the ACO and the PSO literature research were conducted for scheduling problems suitable for the WLB of hospital staff. Scheduling flows were created with the software developed by considering the parameters required for the algorithms.In this study, the ant colony algorithm and the particle swarm algorithm literature research were conducted for scheduling problems suitable for the work-life balance of hospital staff. Scheduling flows were created with the software developed by considering the parameters required for the algorithms.
The role of chromatin-modifying enzymes in the regulation of biosynthetic gene clusters in filamentous fungi

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Filamentöse Pilze produzieren ein ganzes Arsenal an Sekundärmetabolite die z. B. am zellulären Schutz, der Verteidigung oder der Signalübertragung beteiligt sind. Gene, die an der Biosynthese von Sekundärmetaboliten beteiligt sind, liegen oft in Clustern vor und werden durch komplexe Prozesse kontrolliert, die eine koordinierte Wirkung mehrerer regulatorischer Elemente beinhalten. Chromatinmodifikationen stellen einen bekannten Mechanismus zur Regulation der Genexpression als Reaktion auf Umweltveränderungen in allen Eukaryoten dar. Die Forschung der letzten Jahrzehnte hat gezeigt, dass die Chromatinstruktur und posttranslationale Modifikationen (PTMs) von Histonen eine entscheidende Rolle bei der Kontrolle der Biosynthese von Sekundärmetaboliten in filamentösen Pilzen spielen. Eine wichtige PTM stellt H3K4 Methylierung dar, die sich an aktiven Promotoren sammelt. Kdm5, eine Jumonji C -haltige Demethylase, wirkt der H3K4me3 entgegen. Frühere Arbeiten haben gezeigt, dass Kdm5 ein wichtiger Regulator von Sekundärmetaboliten ist. Diese Arbeit zeigt eine Enzym-unabhängige Funktion von Kdm5 bezüglich der Regulation von Sekundärmetaboliten in Aspergillus nidulans und Fusarium graminearum. Zusätzlich konzentrierte sich diese Arbeit auf eine weitere, noch nicht gut verstandene Histon-Methylierung, H4K20, in den beiden Fusarien, F. fujikuroi und F. graminearum. Hier wurde die entsprechende Histon-Methyltransferase Kmt5 identifiziert und analysiert. Deletion von Kmt5 beeinflusste die Biosynthese von Sekundärmetaboliten und die Stresstoleranz in beiden Fusarien, wodurch wichtige neue Erkenntnisse über PTMs und ihre Funktion in filamentösen Pilzen gewonnen wurden.
Regulation of cropping and fruit quality of Conference pears by the use of gibberellic acid and thinning. I. The effect of hand thinning of blossom in conjunction with gibberellic acid application

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

SummaryTreating Conference pear trees with gibberellic acid induced a crop of small, often misshapen, fruits. Fruit bud formation was inhibited, which was not due to the GA3 per se but was related to the number of fruitlets initially set. Reducing the numbers of flowers prior to GA3 treatment resulted in greater yields of better quality fruit and fruit bud numbers were normal. Within-cluster flower thinning was more effective than reducing the number of clusters. Possible mechanisms underlying these effects are discussed.
Regional Breast Cancer Treatment

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Advances in technology and the increase in screening for breast cancer that identifies tumors at earlier stages have made it possible to destroy tumors in situ without surgery. This can also be used to treat locally advanced tumors. These locoregional ablative techniques include minimally invasive surgical as well as noninvasive ablative modalities, new radiation technologies, and regional chemotherapy. New developments in imaging modalities such as MR make these treatment opportunities more precise and reliable. The regional minimally invasive technologies provide treatment options that are physiologically, cosmetically, and psychologically more acceptable to the patient. Many of these need further investigation before they become an accepted sound practice. This paper reviews and discusses the up-to-date data and feasibility of technologies for locoregional treatment of breast cancer