jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Best-practice care pathway for improving management of mastitis and breast abscess

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Surgical subspecialization has resulted in mastitis and breast abscesses being managed with unnecessary admission to hospital, prolonged inpatient stay, variable antibiotic prescribing, incision and drainage rather than percutaneous aspiration, and loss to specialist follow-up. The objective was to evaluate a best-practice algorithm with the aim of improving management of mastitis and breast abscesses across a multisite NHS Trust. The focus was on uniformity of antibiotic prescribing, ultrasound assessment, admission rates, length of hospital stay, intervention by aspiration or incision and drainage, and specialist follow-up. Methods Management was initially evaluated in a retrospective cohort (phase I) and subsequently compared with that in two prospective cohorts after introduction of a breast abscess and mastitis pathway. One prospective cohort was analysed immediately after introduction of the pathway (phase II), and the second was used to assess the sustainability of the quality improvements (phase III). The overall impact of the pathway was assessed by comparing data from phase I with combined data from phases II and III; results from phases II and III were compared to judge sustainability. Results Fifty-three patients were included in phase I, 61 in phase II and 80 in phase III. The management pathway and referral pro forma improved compliance with antibiotic guidelines from 34 per cent to 58·2 per cent overall (phases II and III) after implementation (P = 0·003). The improvement was maintained between phases II and III (54 and 61 per cent respectively; P = 0·684). Ultrasound assessment increased from 38 to 77·3 per cent overall (P &lt; 0·001), in a sustained manner (75 and 79 per cent in phases II and III respectively; P = 0·894). Reductions in rates of incision and drainage (from 8 to 0·7 per cent overall; P = 0·007) were maintained (0 per cent in phase II versus 1 per cent in phase III; P = 0·381). Specialist follow-up improved consistently from 43 to 95·7 per cent overall (P &lt; 0·001), 92 per cent in phase II and 99 per cent in phase III (P = 0·120). Rates of hospital admission and median length of stay were not significantly reduced after implementation of the pathway. Conclusion A standardized approach to mastitis and breast abscess reduced undesirable practice variation, with sustained improvements in process and patient outcomes.
Occurrence Download

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A dataset containing 87 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query: { "TaxonKey" : [ "is Magnolia gigantifolia (Miq.) Noot." ] } The dataset includes 87 records from 16 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0030396-240626123714530/datasets/export for details. Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
Evaluation of Serum Ferritin as a Prognostic Marker in Acute Hemorrhagic Stroke

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Acute hemorrhagic stroke (AHS) resulting from intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a rampant neurological disorder with devastating consequences, particularly in Indians. Recently, serum ferritin levels have been related to adverse cardiovascular and stroke outcomes. We aimed to evaluate the prognostic utility of serum ferritin in AHS. Materials and Methods Admission serum ferritin levels were estimated in 50 AHS patients with primary supratentorial hemorrhage. Study subjects were categorized based on their prognostic scores in modified Rankin scale (mRS) assessment. Ferritin levels were compared across the study groups, correlated with mRS and other ICH severity indicators. Results Serum ferritin and other ICH severity indices such as Glasgow coma scale (GCS) and ICH volume were significantly altered in the mRS groups by the end of 7th and 30th days of hospitalization. Elevated ferritin levels, ICH volume together with decreased GCS, characterized the groups with adverse prognosis. Serum ferritin moderately correlated with GCS ( r = –0.643), ICH volume ( r = 0.562), and had significantly higher correlations with long-term prognostic scores of 7th day mRS ( r = 0.802) and 30th day mRS ( r = 0.916). Conclusion Elevated admission serum ferritin levels indicate poor AHS short-term and long-term outcomes, thereby making serum ferritin a possible prognostic index for the same.
Review of 'near-miss' sudden infant death syndrome and results of simplified pneumographic studies.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Pneumographic studies were carried out on 92 infants suffering from 'near-miss' Sudden Infant Death Syndrome, 67 siblings of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome victims, and five infants of anxious parents. Medical investigations revealed a wide range of causes for episodes presenting as apnoea. The simple pneumographic studies had a 94% sensitivity and specificity for the prediction of future apnoeas.
Surface plasmonic lattice solitons: errata

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We reveal the existence of the surface plasmonic lattice solitons (surface\nPLSs) at the boundary of a semi-infinite metallic-dielectric periodic\nnano-structure. We find that the truncation of the periodic structure imposes a\nthreshold power for the existence of surface PLSs, and enhances significantly\nthe modal localization. The propagation and excitation of surface PLSs as well\nas their potential application in the all-optical subwavelength switching are\nalso demonstrated.\n
Harmonic-Balance-Based parameter estimation of nonlinear structures in the presence of Multi-Harmonic response and force

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Testing nonlinear structures to characterise their internal nonlinear forces is challenging. Often nonlinear structures are excited by harmonic forces and yield a multi-harmonic response. In many systems, particularly ones with strong nonlinearities, the effect of higher harmonics in the force and responses cannot be ignored. Even if the intended excitation is a single frequency sinusoidal force, the interaction of the shaker and the nonlinear structure can lead to harmonics in the applied force. The effects of these higher harmonics of the input force on nonlinear model identification in structural dynamics are often neglected. The objective of this study is to introduce an identification method, motivated by the alternating frequency/time approach using harmonic balance (AFTHB), which is able to consider both multi-harmonic forces and multi-harmonic responses of the system. The proposed AFTHB method can include all significant harmonics by selecting an appropriate time step and sampling frequency to guarantee the accuracy of the results. An analytical harmonic-balance-based (AHB) approach is also considered for comparison. However, the inclusion of all significant harmonics of the response in the analytical expansion of the nonlinear functions is often cumbersome. Furthermore, the AFTHB method can easily cope with complex nonlinearities such as Coulomb friction and with multi-degree of freedom nonlinear systems. Including the effect of higher harmonics in the identification process reduces the approximation error due to truncation and very accurate approximation of the balanced equations of each harmonic is obtained. The proposed identification method requires prior knowledge or an appropriate estimation of the type of system nonlinearities. However, the method of model selection may be used for a set of candidate models, and avoiding a dictionary of arbitrary candidate basis functions significantly reduces the computational costs. This paper highlights the important features of the AFTHB method to ensure accurate estimation using four simulated and two experimental examples. The effects of the number of harmonics considered, the modelling error, measurement noise and the frequency range on the quality of the estimated model are demonstrated.
Efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine containing hawthorn for hyperlipidemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract The traditional Chinese herb hawthorn is gaining attention for its potential to lower lipid levels due to its active components that positively influence lipid metabolism. Our meta-analysis of fourteen randomized controlled trials compared traditional Chinese medicine containing hawthorn with conventional lipid-lowering drugs for hyperlipidemia. Hawthorn-based medicine showed promise in reducing total cholesterol and triglycerides while increasing high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, albeit less effective than standard drugs in lowering low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. However, caution is needed due to methodological limitations in some trials, emphasizing the importance of further well-designed studies to clarify hawthorn’s efficacy in managing hyperlipidemia.
Monte Carlo study of the axial-gauge gluon propagators on the Polyakov-Wilson lattice

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We perform a Monte Carlo study of the axial-gauge gluon propagator on the Polyakov-Wilson lattice and compare it with analytical results. We conclude that the leading infrared behavior is strongly gauge dependent and governed by the masses of low-lying color-singlet states in the hadron spectrum, while in the ultraviolet limit our result agrees with the conventional perturbation theory.
Serum ghrelin is inversely associated with risk of subsequent oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background Gastric atrophy, as determined by a low serum pepsinogen I:II ratio, may be associated with an increased risk of oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Ghrelin, a hormone which, is also produced in the gastric fundic glands may be a marker of gastric atrophy, but its association with OSCC is not known. Methods To examine the relationship between baseline serum ghrelin concentration and subsequent risk of OSCC, the authors conducted a nested case–control study within the Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention (ATBC) study. 82 cases of OSCC were matched (1:1) by age and date of blood draw to controls from the ATBC study. Serum ghrelin was measured by radioimmunoassay. ORs and 95% CIs were calculated using conditional logistic regression with adjustment for potential confounders. Results For individuals in the lowest quartile of serum ghrelin, compared to those in the highest, the multivariate OR of subsequent OSCC was 6.83 (95% CI 1.46 to 31.84). These associations were dose dependent (p value for trend =0.005 for both), and independent of the effects of low pepsinogen I:II ratio and Helicobacter pylori infection. The significance of these associations remained even for individuals developing OSCC up to 10 years after baseline ghrelin measurement, although they become attenuated after 10 years. Conclusion Lower baseline concentrations of serum ghrelin were associated with an increase in risk of OSCC. Further studies are needed to confirm this finding in other populations and to explore the role of ghrelin in the aetiology of OSCC.
OIL PRICE FLUCTUATION AND CURRENT ACCOUNTS: EXPLORING MEDIATION EFFECTS FOR OIL IMPORTING NATIONS

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The study is an attempt to examine empirically the effects of oil price shock on current account imbalances. The analysis is carried out on the cross-country panel of 160 countries that are divided into three different groups base on their level of oil imports. The relationship between the oil price shock and current account imbalances is rigorously assessed using two different approaches. Firstly, the seemingly unrelated regression models are used to estimate the effects of oil price shock on current account imbalances with transmission channels namely trade, valuation, and wealth. Secondly, to examine the indirect effects of oil price shock three different mediator effects that direct, indirect, and total are estimated. The findings of the study reveal that for all three groups of countries the oil price shock pose a positive effect on the current account through the trade channel. Whereas, the current account of all three groups is negatively associated with oil price shock with the wealth channel. The valuation channel holds a mix results across country groups about the effect of oil price shock on the current account balances. In the case of low and major oil importer countries, oil price shock is negatively associated with the current account, whereas the current account of medium oil importer countries is improving with an increase in oil prices. The mediation analysis holds mix results across groups of countries. Keywords: Current-account imbalances; oil importing economies, seemingly unrelated regression; mediation effectsJEL Classifications: F4; F41DOI: https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.11044
#2524 RESOLVIN D1 ATTENUATES SEPSIS INDUCED ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY TARGETING MITOCHONDRIA AND NF-κB SIGNALING PATHWAY

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background and Aims Acute kidney injury is a highly common and multifactorial renal disease resulting in significant morbidity and mortality, especially sepsis-induced acute kidney injury. There is no effective therapy available to treat or prevent sepsis-induced acute kidney injury. One of the specialized pro-resolving mediators, Resolvin D1 exhibits special anti-inflammatory effects in several inflammatory disease models, but there is little evidence about the effect and mechanism of Resolvin D1 in sepsis-induced acute kidney injury. To explore the renal protective role of RvD1 in SI-AKI and to further explore the inherent pathophysiological mechanism, especially the role of mitochondrial function and NF-κB signaling pathway, in vitro and in vivo experiments were conducted. Method We conducted experiments to explore the effect and mechanism of Resolvin D1 in sepsis-induced acute kidney injury. In vitro, human proximal tubular epithelial cells were used to test the apoptosis ratio, cell viability and reactive oxygen species level. In vivo, C57BL/6 mice were injected with lipopolysaccharide to establish a sepsis-induced acute kidney injury model. Renal function and structure, apoptosis ratio of kidney cells, mitochondrial structure and function and related protein and gene levels were assessed. Results In vitro, the resolvin D1-treated group showed higher cell viability and lower reactive oxygen species levels and apoptosis ratios than the LPS group. In vivo, Resolvin D1 can not only improve renal function and mitochondrial function but also reduce the apoptosis ratio, while mediating mitochondrial dynamics and inhibiting NF-κB pathway. Conclusion Resolvin D1 has a good renoprotective effect by maintaining mitochondrial dynamics and inhibiting the NF-κB pathway. This provides an important basis for us to further develop the clinical therapeutic value of RvD1 in acute renal injury in sepsis.
Surface Patterning of Hydrogels for Programmable and Complex Shape Deformations by Ion Inkjet Printing

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Convenient patterning and precisely programmable shape deformations are crucial for the practical applications of shape deformable hydrogels. Here, a facile and versatile computer‐assisted ion inkjet printing technique is described that enables the direct printing of batched, very complicated patterns, especially those with well‐defined, programmable variation in cross‐linking densities, on one or both surfaces of a large‐sized hydrogel sample. A mechanically strong hydrogel containing poly(sodium acrylate) is first prepared, and then digital patterns are printed onto the hydrogel surfaces by using a commercial inkjet printer and an aqueous ferric solution. The complexation between the polyelectrolyte and ferric ions increases the cross‐linking density of the printed regions, and hence the gel sample can undergo shape deformation upon swelling/deswelling. The deformation rates and degrees of the hydrogels can be conveniently adjusted by changing the printing times or the different/gradient grayscale distribution of designed patterns. By printing appropriate patterns on one or both surfaces of the hydrogel sheets, many complex 3D shapes are obtained from shape deformations upon swelling/deswelling, such as cylindrical shell and forsythia flower (patterns on one surface), ding (patterns on both surfaces), blooming flower (different/gradient grayscale distributive patterns on one surface), and non‐Euclidean plates (different/gradient grayscale distributive patterns on both surfaces).
Design of a Bufferless Photonic Clos Network-on-Chip Architecture

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

On-chip photonic waveguides have been proposed as a feasible replacement for the long interconnects that cause speed and power bottlenecks. Along with recent advancements in nanophotonic technologies, we believe that combining on-chip waveguides with high-radix Network on Chip (NoC) topologies is a promising way to improve NoC performance. In this paper, we propose the BufferLess phOtonic ClOs Network (BLOCON) to exploit silicon photonics. We propose a scheduling algorithm named Sustained and Informed Dual Round-Robin Matching (SIDRRM) to solve the output contention problem, a path allocation scheme named Distributed and Informed Path Allocation (DIPA) to solve the Clos network routing problem, and a methodology to achieve an optimal off-chip laser-power budget. In the simulation results, we show that with SIDRRM and DIPA, BLOCON improves the delay and on-chip power performance of the compared electrical and photonic NoC architectures over synthetic traffic patterns and SPLASH-2 traces.
Tone Development Through Non-Traditional Techniques: A Pedagogical Resource for Trombonists

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Sound development is arguably the most important aspect of trombone pedagogy. Over time, most brass players arrive at a daily routine of exercises specifically focused on improving sound; however, certain exercises straying from traditional trombone performance—which are referred to as non-traditional in this document—have become or are becoming an important part of pedagogy. This study identifies these exercises, catalogs them into a pedagogical resource, and ascertains the prevalence of their use within the trombone community. \n \nDelineated into four categories, this research explores the use of vocal techniques, external devices, buzzing in its various forms, and false tones/pitch bends. This document provides a detailed explanation and analysis of each technique discussed within the four categories. Analysis includes comparing the exercises to traditional tone studies and exploring their intended benefits to tone development. Trombone pedagogues continuously search for fresh ways to explain and demonstrate different aspects of playing to students; non-traditional techniques may potentially add a new branch of resources to the low brass pedagogical toolbox.
Port site metastases following laparoscopic liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A laparoscopic approach is being used increasingly in specialist centres for the resection of hepatocellular carcinomas and compares favourably with the traditional open approach, in terms of perioperative morbidity and mortality as well as long-term survival. We present a case of port site recurrence in a patient who underwent a laparoscopic left lateral segmentectomy for a hepatocellular carcinoma diagnosed during investigation of symptomatic gallstones. Nearly three years following surgery, surveillance computed tomography demonstrated a suspicious lesion at the site of one of the laparoscopic ports. Further resection was carried out and the lesion was confirmed histologically to be an isolated recurrence of the primary hepatocellular carcinoma, involving peritoneum and adominal wall. This case demonstrates that it is possible to encounter port site metastasis following laparoscopic resection of primary liver tumours although the incidence is very rare.
Evidence That D-Dimer Levels Predict Subsequent Thromboembolic and Cardiovascular Events in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation during Oral Anticoagulant Therapy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether elevated D-dimer levels can predict subsequent thromboembolic and cardiovascular events in patients with atrial fibrillation during oral anticoagulant therapy. Background Atrial fibrillation is associated with hemostatic abnormalities even during oral anticoagulant therapy. D-dimer levels reflect a pro-thrombogenic state and thus might serve as a marker of thromboembolic and cardiovascular events. Methods This was a single-center, prospective, observational study. Patients with atrial fibrillation (269 patients, age 74 ± 9 years, 160 paroxysmal atrial fibrillation) treated with warfarin (target prothrombin time–international normalized ratio: 1.5 to 3.0) were included. D-dimer levels were measured to assess the relationship of this parameter with subsequent thromboembolic and cardiovascular events. End points were thromboembolic events and combined cardiovascular events (thromboembolic events, cerebral hemorrhage, myocardial infarction, cardiovascular death). Results D-dimer levels were elevated (≥0.5 μg/ml) in 63 (23%) patients. During an average follow-up period of 756 ± 221 days, 10 (1.8%/year) thromboembolic events (8 ischemic strokes, 1 transient ischemic attack, and 1 peripheral embolism) and 27 (4.8%/year) combined cardiovascular events (10 thromboembolisms, 9 deaths from heart failure, 3 sudden deaths, 2 myocardial infarctions, and 3 cerebral hemorrhages) occurred. Patients with elevated D-dimer levels experienced higher thromboembolic and combined cardiovascular events. Cox proportional hazard model revealed that elevated D-dimer levels were associated with both thromboembolic (p Conclusions D-dimer might be a useful marker of both thromboembolic and cardiovascular events in patients with atrial fibrillation during oral anticoagulant therapy.