jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
An active recombinant p15 RNase H domain is functionally distinct from the RNase H domain associated with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

An active p15 RNase H domain, consisting of amino acids 427-560 of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) reverse transcriptase (RT) and a genetically engineered penta-histidine N-terminal affinity tag, was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified to apparent homogeneity by immobilized metal affinity chromatography. The purified p15 RNase H domain exhibited no substrate preference for [3H]poly(rG).poly(dC) compared to [3H]poly(rA).poly(dT), in contrast with the HIV-1 RT-associated RNase H, which showed a 30-fold preference for the former substrate. Unlike the HIV-1 RT-associated RNase H, when challenged with unlabeled substrate, the recombinant p15 RNase H domain was relatively nonprocessive in RNA degradative activity of the [3H]poly(rA).poly(dT) duplex. Kinetic studies using p15 RNase H showed substrate inhibition with an apparent K(i) value of 0.12 micron for the [3H]poly(rA).poly(dT) hybrid. Substrate inhibition was not observed for the HIV-1 RT-associated RNase H. The results show that the isolated p15 HIV-1 RNase H domain is functionally distinct from the recombinant HIV-1 RT-associated RNase H.
Uniqueness of canonical tensor model with local time

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Canonical formalism of the rank-three tensor model has recently been proposed, in which "local" time is consistently incorporated by a set of first class constraints. By brute-force analysis, this paper shows that there exist only two forms of a Hamiltonian constraint which satisfies the following assumptions: (i) A Hamiltonian constraint has one index. (ii) The kinematical symmetry is given by an orthogonal group. (iii) A consistent first class constraint algebra is formed by a Hamiltonian constraint and the generators of the kinematical symmetry. (iv) A Hamiltonian constraint is invariant under time reversal transformation. (v) A Hamiltonian constraint is an at most cubic polynomial function of canonical variables. (vi) There are no disconnected terms in a constraint algebra. The two forms are the same except for a slight difference in index contractions. The Hamiltonian constraint which was obtained in the previous paper and behaved oddly under time reversal symmetry can actually be transformed to one of them by a canonical change of variables. The two-fold uniqueness is shown up to the potential ambiguity of adding terms which vanish in the limit of pure gravitational physics.
Export potential of Serbia in the EU

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The paper shows the application of the gravity panel model in the assessment of Serbia's export potential to the EU during the period 2001-2017. The Gravity Model gave effective estimates of model parameters and proved to be a suitable tool for assessing trade flows between countries on a sample of 29 countries, 28 EU members plus Serbia. The regression equation of the panel model contains a series of explanatory variables that describe the trade flows. The size of the economy (gross domestic product), the purchasing power of the population (gross domestic product per capita), and distances (measures of geographical distance between the capital cities of the states of trading partners) have measurable effects on Serbia's exports to the EU. The results of the analysis showed that the size and purchasing power of trading partners positively influence the export of goods from Serbia to the EU. Therefore, the structure of exports needs to be adapted to the demands of large economies and economies that have a high standard of living in order to increase exports in the future, on a larger scale. This research is a good basis for analyzing Serbia's export potentials.
Dansgaard–Oeschger events in climate models: review and baseline Marine Isotope Stage 3 (MIS3) protocol

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract. Dansgaard–Oeschger (D–O) events, millennial-scale climate oscillations between stadial and interstadial conditions (of up to 10–15 ∘C in amplitude at high northern latitudes), occurred throughout the Marine Isotope Stage 3 (MIS3; 27.8–59.4 ka) period. The climate modelling community up to now has not been able to answer the question of whether our climate models are too stable to simulate D–O events. To address this, this paper lays the ground-work for a MIS3 D–O protocol for general circulation models which are used in the International Panel for Climate Change (IPCC) assessments. We review the following: D–O terminology, community progress on simulating D–O events in these IPCC-class models (processes and published examples), and evidence about the boundary conditions under which D–O events occur. We find that no model exhibits D–O-like behaviour under pre-industrial conditions. Some, but not all, models exhibit D–O-like oscillations under MIS3 and/or full glacial conditions. Greenhouse gases and ice sheet configurations are crucial. However most models have not run simulations of long enough duration to be sure which models show D–O-like behaviour, under either MIS3 or full glacial states. We propose a MIS3 baseline protocol at 34 ka, which features low obliquity values, medium to low MIS3 greenhouse gas values, and the intermediate ice sheet configuration, which our review suggests are most conducive to D–O-like behaviour in models. We also provide a protocol for a second freshwater (Heinrich-event-preconditioned) experiment, since previous work suggests that this variant may be helpful in preconditioning a state in models which is conducive to D–O events. This review provides modelling groups investigating MIS3 D–O oscillations with a common framework, which is aimed at (1) maximising the chance of the occurrence of D–O-like events in the simulations, (2) allowing more precise model–data evaluation, and (3) providing an adequate central point for modellers to explore model stability.
Lipophilic coordination compounds: aluminum, gallium, and indium complexes of 1-aryl-3-hydroxy-2-methyl-4-pyridinones

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLipophilic coordination compounds: aluminum, gallium, and indium complexes of 1-aryl-3-hydroxy-2-methyl-4-pyridinonesZaihui Zhang, Steven J. Rettig, and Chris OrvigCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1991, 30, 3, 509–515Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00003a031https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00003a031research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views442Altmetric-Citations64LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Possible role of macrophage-derived soluble mediators in the pathogenesis of encephalomyocarditis virus-induced diabetes in mice

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Pancreatic islets from DBA/2 mice infected with the D variant of encephalomyocarditis (EMC-D) virus revealed lymphocytic infiltration with moderate to severe destruction of pancreatic beta cells. Our previous studies showed that the major population of infiltrating cells at the early stages of infection is macrophages. The inactivation of macrophages prior to viral infection resulted in the prevention of diabetes, whereas activation of macrophages prior to viral infection resulted in the enhancement of beta-cell destruction. This investigation was initiated to determine whether macrophage-produced soluble mediators play a role in the destruction of pancreatic beta cells in mice infected with a low dose of EMC-D virus. When we examined the expression of the soluble mediators interleukin-1 beta (IL-1beta), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the pancreatic islets, we found that these mediators were clearly expressed at an early stage of insulitis and that this expression was evident until the development of diabetes. We confirmed the expression of these mediators by in situ hybridization with digoxigenin-labelled RNA probes or immunohistochemistry in the pancreatic islets. Mice treated with antibody against IL-1beta or TNF-alpha or with the iNOS inhibitor aminoguanidine exhibited a significant decrease in the incidence of diabetes. Mice treated with a combination of anti-IL-1beta antibody, anti-TNF-alpha antibody, and aminoguanidine exhibited a greater decrease in the incidence of disease than did mice treated with one of the antibodies or aminoguanidine. On the basis of these observations, we conclude that macrophage-produced soluble mediators play an important role in the destruction of pancreatic beta cells, resulting in the development of diabetes in mice infected with a low dose of EMC-D virus.
Response of leaf dark respiration of winter wheat to changes in CO2 concentration and temperature

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

植物的黑暗呼吸的精确评估为植物碳预算的评价是重要的。到在 CO2 集中和温度的变化的冬季小麦的叶黑暗呼吸的反应被学习，用在 20112012 期间的一个开的最高的房间，到理解冬季小麦的叶黑暗呼吸怎么将对气候作出回应变化。结果显示那叶黑暗呼吸与增加的 CO2 集中线性地减少了。黑暗呼吸在 390 摩尔 mol1 CO2 下面与那相比在 560 摩尔 mol1 CO2 下面在大约 11% 减少了。叶黑暗呼吸与温度显示出一种指数的关系，并且温度常数(Q 10 ) 接近了 2。而且，到 CO2 集中和温度的叶黑暗呼吸的回答是独立的。一个叶黑暗呼吸模型基于 CO2 集中和温度回答被开发。这个模型为庄稼碳反措施的建立在未来气候变化和指导下面为冬季小麦的叶黑暗呼吸率的评价提供一个方法。
Purification of protein fatty acyltransferase and determination of its distribution and topology.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Studies reported from this laboratory have demonstrated that O-glycosidic glycoproteins of salivary, pulmonary, and gastrointestinal origin are acylated by fatty acyltransferase residing in Golgi and microsome-enriched fraction (Slomiany, A., Liau, Y.H., Takagi, A., Laszewicz, W., and Slomiany, B.L. (1984) J. Biol. Chem. 259, 13304-13308). Here we report on the successful purification of this enzyme from rough microsomal membranes of rat gastric mucosa and its identification in a number of diverse tissues and organs, such as heart, liver, pancreas, lung, kidney, salivary glands, and lymphoblasts. The enzymatic activity has been released from the stripped and salt-extracted microsomes with 0.5% Triton X-100 and recovered from 100,000 x g supernatant by affinity chromatography on Cibacron blue F3GA column. The retained fatty acyltransferase protein was selectively displaced from the column with 50 microM palmitoyl-CoA. On nonreducing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the enzymatic activity was associated with a 234-kDa complex, and on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the complex afforded 65- and 67-kDa protein bands. Incubation of microsomes with trypsin prior to enzyme extraction resulted in a 50% inactivation of the fatty acyltransferase and generation of 53- and 55-kDa protein bands, which also had affinity to Cibacron blue F3GA and were displaced from the column together with the active (intact) enzyme. We suggest that the fatty acyltransferase is an integral rough microsomal protein partially exposed to cytosol, which catalyzes the fatty acyl-CoA-protein reaction on the cytosolic site of the rough endoplasmic reticulum and that this enzyme is responsible for processing of the group of protein which are entering rough endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi secretory pathway.
Programmable Molecular Signal Transmission Architecture and Reactant Regeneration Strategy Driven by EXO λ for DNA Circuits

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The characteristics of DNA hybridization enable molecular computing through strand displacement reactions, facilitating the construction of complex DNA circuits, which is an important way to realize information interaction and processing at a molecular level. However, signal attenuation in the cascade and shunt process hinders the reliability of the calculation results and further expansion of the DNA circuit scale. Here, we demonstrate a novel programmable exonuclease-assisted signal transmission architecture, where DNA strand with toehold employed to inhibit the hydrolysis process of EXO λ is applied in DNA circuits. We construct a series circuit with variable resistance and a parallel circuit with constant current source, ensuring excellent orthogonal properties between input and output sequences while maintaining low leakage (<5%) during the reaction. Additionally, a simple and flexible exonuclease-driven reactant regeneration (EDRR) strategy is proposed and applied to construct parallel circuits with constant voltage sources that could amplify the output signal without extra DNA fuel strands or energy. Furthermore, we demonstrate the effectiveness of the EDRR strategy in reducing signal attenuation during cascade and shunt processes by constructing a four-node DNA circuit. These findings offer a new approach to enhance the reliability of molecular computing systems and expand the scale of DNA circuits in the future.
Quantum Dot to Nanorod Transition for Efficient White-Light-Emitting Diodes with Suppressed Absorption Losses

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Colloidal nanocrystals have great potential for next-generation solid-state lighting due to their outstanding emission and absorption tunability via size and morphology, narrow emission linewidth, and high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY). However, the losses due to self- and interabsorption among multitudes of nanocrystals significantly decrease external quantum yield levels of light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Here, we demonstrate efficient white LEDs via CdSe/CdS dot to "dot-in-rod" transition that enabled a large Stokes shift of 780 meV and significantly reduced absorption losses when used in conjunction with near-unity PLQY ZnCdSe/ZnSe quantum dots (QDs) emitting at the green spectral range. The optimized incorporation of nanocrystals in a liquid state led to the white LEDs with an ultimate external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 42.9%, with a net increase of EQE of 10.3% in comparison with white LEDs using CdSe/CdS dots. Therefore, combinations of nanocrystals with different nanomorphologies hold high promise for efficient white LEDs.
Communication Apprehension

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract Communication apprehension (CA) refers to the predisposition to avoid communication if possible or experience anxiety when forced to communicate. Initially, CA was conceptualized as a learned trait, resulting from punishment for communicating. Later, it was reconceptualized as a product of inborn, neurobiological systems. Understanding the conceptual shift away from a social learning perspective and toward the communibiological perspective requires consideration of personality theory, cognitive neuroscience, and behavioral genetics.
CARDIOVASCULAR AND KIDNEY OUTCOMES IN TREATED RESISTANT HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: To evaluate the incidence of cardiovascular (CV) and kidney outcomes and its predictors in treated resistant hypertensive (rHTN) patients. Design and method: We studied 117 rHTN patients and 114 controlled hypertensives (cHTN) patients on a triple fixed-dose combination of RAAS blockers / CCB / thiazide or thiazide-like diuretic. Patients with rHTN treated with the same type of triple fixed-dose combination in maximally tolerated doses plus the individually defined most effective fourth-line agent (spironolactone/eplerenone 56.1%, torasemide 26.8%, nebivolol 14.6%, moxonidine 2.5%); the fifth class of antihypertensive drug was added for 35.2 % of patients. A composite CV (CV death, myocardial infarction and/or revascularization, stroke, atrial fibrillation, and peripheral arterial disease) and kidney outcome (dialysis or GFR decline by 40% or greater) were estimated after five years (a mean follow-up 5.1 ± 0.1). The combined endpoint was defined as total CV and renal outcome events. Results: The goal office and 24-h BP were achieved at 49.6 and 34.2 % rHTN patients by the end of 5-year follow-up. During follow-up the incidence of all outcomes were higher at rHTN patients compared to cHTN pts: composite CV events (26.5 % vs 7 %, P = 0.001), kidney outcomes (4.3 % vs 0.9 %, P = 0.01), and diabetes (3.4 % vs 0.9 %, P = 0.02). The independent predictors of combined end point identified by multivariant logistic regression analysis were initial 24-h systolic BP ( = 0.099; OR = 1.10; 95 % CI 1.03 – 1.18; P = 0.008), blood concentration of endothelial progenitor cells (CD45+/CD34+) ( = - 0.89; OR = 0.41; 95 % CI: 0.21 – 0.79), P = 0.007) and citrulline ( = - 0.89; OR = 1.13; 95 % CI: 1.07 – 1.20; P < 0.001). Conclusions: Despite significant improvement in BP control the incidence of CV and renal outcomes in rHTN patients were higher than in cHTN patients. The independent predictors of combined CV and renal events were higher baseline systolic blood pressure, citrulline plasma level, and low concentration of endothelial progenitor cells.
Explanatory Style and Health: Mechanisms Linking Pessimism to Illness1

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This study tests the relationship between pessimistic explanatory style and illness with questionnaire data. Questionnaires were administered to 234 college students at a mid‐sized Western university. Four variables were tested as potential mediators of the pessimistic explanatory style/illness relationship: symptoms of depression, perceived stress, social support, and poor health practices. Results indicated that only the global dimension of pessimistic explanatory style was related to experiences of illness, and hence was the only dimension that could be mediated by the proposed variables. Results demonstrated that symptoms of depression mediated the relationship between global attributions for negative events and illness. Exploratory analyses also suggest that stress is implicated in this process such that it increases symptoms of depression, which in turn influence illness.
Microheterogeneity of N-Acetyl- -D-hexosaminidase of Bull Epididymis

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Most (90%) of the total activity of N-acetyl-β-D-hexosaminidase (EC 3.2.1.30) of bull epididymis homogenate was found in the soluble fraction. Electrophoresis of the soluble fraction on polyacrylamide gel (5.3%) at pH 9.5 separated the enzyme into as many as 12 enzymatically active bands. The bands were successfully stained on the gel using naphthol AS-BI N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminide as substrate; freed naphthol being coupled with fast garnet GBC. Under similar conditions, human aortic N-acetyl-β-D-hexosaminidase was separated into two bands, namely the A and B forms.
Kingdon on Defense: An Analysis of the Policy Streams Approach and a Policy Streams Analysis of the Goldwater-Nichols Act

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The Goldwater-Nichols Defense Reorganization Act of 1986 (GNA) is landmark public policy. It is significant because of the continuous call for defense reorganization since 1941 and the failure of the government to enact any meaningful change to defense organization since 1958. The GNA is also significant because of the nearly universal opposition it faced at the outset. The strength of the opposition to defense reorganization legislation begs the question of how the GNA arrived on the public agenda and then the Congress decision agenda. Furthermore, why did defense reorganization appear on the agenda in 1986? John Kingdon's policy streams model from Agendas, Alternatives, and Public Policies is one of the most widely cited agenda setting and alternative specification models and is also one of only a handful of models that attempts to answer why an item rises to the decision agenda when it does. The policy streams model is therefore ripe for application to defense reorganization policy and to answer why the GNA appeared when it did. Before we can answer the why questions, it must be shown that John Kingdon's policy streams model is applicable to the defense policy process. Using Robert Yin's case study methodology, this research conducts an historical case study analysis of the Goldwater-Nichols Act. This study employs original research into government records, as well as analysis of documented first-hand accounts of the activities that led to the passage of the Act. The methodology breaks Kingdon's model and the historical record into component parts and then seeks to relate patterns, similarities, and differences. It is found that, up to a point, Kingdon's model translates well from the policy areas from which it was developed into the defense policy area.
Penguatan Ekonomi Lokal Pada Pelaku UMKM Berbasis Digital Di Desa Winduaji Kabupaten Brebes

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In the industrial era 4.0, technological knowledge, especially information technology is very important. UMKM are micro-enterprises that should have used the information access for the economic welfare of a region, but vice versa. Current problems with UMKM include lack of capital and knowledge of information technology. Winduaji village is one of the villages with UMKM actors with minimal information technology knowledge. The method of implementation is the method of discussion with the format of Training regarding identifying problems to the use of technology media. This training activity was attended by 56 participants consisting of village officials, UMKM actors, and tourism conscious reservoirs. As a result, all participants showed great interest in using social media marketing continuously.
Precipitation phenomena and structural changes in Al-Li alloys.

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Precipitation phenomena and structural changes in Al-2.15mass%Li and Al-2.70mass%Li alloys were investigated respectively by hardness measurements, specific heat measurements and electron microscopy.Hardness increases slowly with aging time at room temperature and 323K, while increases remarkably at 373-473K in the both alloys. At 523K, no increase in hardness occurs in an Al-2.15mass%Li alloy, but rapid increase occurs initially in an Al-2.70mass%Li alloy. Various reactions of heat evolution and absorption were observed in the specific heat curves depending on aging temperatures and times. Furthermore, TEM observations suggest that the L12 ordered structure δ', which exists even in the as-quenched state, is completely coherent with the matrix initially and loses the coherency subsequently to become semi-coherent. The precipitation sequence in an Al-Li binary alloy was found to be as follows:α→Li cluster (GP(1))→Short range order(GP(2))→L12 orderedstructure(δ': coherent→semi-coherent)→Stable phase(δ)