jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
[Effect of diethylamine analog of ethmozine on parameters of fast sodium current in normal and depolarized myocardial fibers].

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The effect of a diethylamine analog of ethmozine (DAAE) on fast sodium current of normal and depolarized frog atrial trabeculae was studied by means of the double sucrose gap technique. The depolarization of the fibers was produced both by increasing extracellular potassium concentration up to 8 +/- 9 mM and by current passing. The resting potential of normal fibers was within the range of 75-80 mV, and the depolarized one was within 65 +/- 60 mV. DAAE (8 X 10(-7) g/ml) reduced sodium conductivity, slowed inactivation and reactivation of fast sodium current and shifted the steady-state activation curve (h infinity) to a more negative potential, but the steady-state activation curve (m infinity) to a more positive potential. All these effects were expressed more considerably in the depolarized fibers. The depressing ability of DAAE is assumed to be due to high concentration of the drug in the membrane owing to its high solubility in lipids. The slowing of sodium reactivation and inactivation shows the existence of a receptor for DAAE linked with a h-gate. Prolonged antiarrhythmic action is accounted for by a very slow recovery of sodium current after the drug superfusion. A stronger effect of DAAE on sodium current in the depolarized fibers is likely to point to its selective action on ischemic tissue.
<title>Multifrequency version of the modified gradient algorithm for reconstruction of complex refractive indices</title>

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The modified gradient algorithm has been shown to provide a stable method for reconstructing complex refractive indices (acoustic and electromagnetic) of bounded isotropic inhomogeneities in a variety of 2D problems where the size of the inhomogeneity is of the order of one to three wavelengths. The essential features of the method will be summarized including the use of regularization techniques for resolving discontinuities in the refractive index. The method involves the iterative construction of a global optimizer of a functional consisting of the error in satisfying an integral form of the field equation (the Lippmann-Schwinger equation) and the discrepancy between measured and predicted data. The optimizer is a function pair consisting of the refractive index and the field within the inhomogeneity. The extension of this method to 3D problems and multifrequency data is described. While the extension to three dimensions presents no basic theoretical difficulties, the computational problem is much more complicated. A way to ameliorate this complication by adjusting the integral form of the field equation is described. When data is available at more than one frequency the algorithm must be further modified and these modifications are given. In this case it is necessary to have a priori information on the dispersion relation in the inhomogeneity, for example, in electromagnetics an assumption that the medium is Maxwellian. Results of numerical experiments will be presented to illustrate both the strengths and weaknesses of the method.
Analysis of Core Performance of Tokai Reactor

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Despite numerous technical setbacks and unexpected technical difficulties encountered since November 1965, when the Tokai Nuclear Power Station first increased its power, it has at the end of summer 1968 attained some 1, 400 MWD/T in core average irradiation. During this period all the data obtained from daily operation have been constantly analyzed to follow changes in the nuclear and thermal performance brought by the progress of irradiation.The preset repor includes an estimation of the core intrinsic reactivity change made with a reactivity balance equation based on the recently developed method of estimating the confrol rod worth in conjundction with a very original definition of fhe additive reactivity componenf, and the method of assessing the maximum can surface temperature on the basis of the probability concept by means of statistical technique utilzing a number of data from daily operation.The method used in analyzing the data are outlined, and a brief summary of the resuits presented.
Towards Transparent, Reusable, and Customizable Data Science in Computational Notebooks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Data science workflows are human-centered processes involving on-demand programming and analysis. While programmable and interactive interfaces such as widgets embedded within computational notebooks are suitable for these workflows, they lack robust state management capabilities and do not support user-defined customization of the interactive components. The absence of such capabilities hinders workflow reusability and transparency while limiting the scope of exploration of the end-users. In response, we developed MAGNETON, a framework for authoring interactive widgets within computational notebooks that enables transparent, reusable, and customizable data science workflows. The framework enhances existing widgets to support fine-grained interaction history management, reusable states, and user-defined customizations. We conducted three case studies in a real-world knowledge graph construction and serving platform to evaluate the effectiveness of these widgets. Based on the observations, we discuss future implications of employing MAGNETON widgets for general-purpose data science workflows.
FUNGSI MITOS DALAM KEHIDUPAN MASYARAKAT PULAUTEMIANG, JAMBI [The Function of Myth in Pulautemiang Society’s Life, Jambi]

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Myth is one of the references of the Pulautemiang society, Jambi, in their activities and socialization. The myths believed by the society generally are related to the traditions of pregnancy, birth, community, and religion. This study aims to describe the function of myth for the people of Pulautemiang, Jambi. This research used qualitative method and also myth theory proposed by Bastian and Mitchell. According to Bastian and Mitchell, the function of myth consists of primary function which is related to social and cultural system and secondary function which is related to unlogical things. The result of the study shows that myth functions as social and ritual means, as well as healing and renewal. Mitos menjadi salah satu acuan masyarakat Pulautemiang, Jambi, dalam beraktivitas dan bersosialisasi. Mitos yang diyakini umumnya berkaitan dengan tradisi kehamilan, kelahiran, kemasyarakatan, dan keagamaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan fungsi mitos bagi masyarakat Pulautemiang, Jambi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif serta memanfaatkan teori mitos yang dikemukakan Bastian dan Mitchell. Menurut Bastian dan Mitchell, fungsi mitos terdiri atas fungsi primer yang berkaitan dengan sistem sosial dan budaya, serta fungsi sekunder yang berkaitan dengan hal-hal di luar logika. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mitos berfungsi sebagai sarana sosial dan ritual, serta sarana penyembuhan dan pembaruan.
Biosynthesis of Phenolic Compounds

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Biosynthetic pathways of phenolic compounds, including many allelochemicals, in higher plants are influenced by various chemicals such as certain herbicides and growth regulators. Although most of these compounds have little or no direct effect on phenolic compound biosynthesis, others such as glyphosate, have profound effects that may seriously affect allelochemical interactions under field conditions. Two known primary sites of chemical manipulation of phenolic production exist: 1) 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSP synthase) and 2) phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL). Certain amino-phosphonic acids, such as glyphosate, strongly inhibit aromatic amino acid synthesis by inhibiting the activities of EPSP synthase and other enzymes of the shikimate pathway. PAL, a pivotal enzyme in the transformation of aromatic amino acids to secondary phenolic compounds is strongly and specifically inhibited by ∝-aminooxy-β-phenylpropionic acid (AOPP) and its analogues. The herbicides chlorsulfuron and acifluorfen induce high levels of PAL and aromatic compounds. These compounds have potential in studies of the role of phenolic compounds in allelopathy.
OUTCOMES OF DRUG EDUCATION: FOUR CASE STUDIES

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Due to a need to find educational means to prevent drug abuse, drug education programs in one elementary and three secondary schools were studied. Drug education given to three different groups of secondary children could not be definitely shown to decrease illegal drug use among the students. Following two of these programs, available evidence indicates that some students experimented with illegal drugs. In a group of 70 fifth and sixth graders a drug education program given by a specially trained teacher evoked a positive change in attitude in many students who previously intended to smoke cigarettes or use illegal drugs. This program provides cautious encouragement and may indicate that drug education is more effective in grade schools than secondary schools.
Curative Effect Observation of Compound Anisodine in the Treatment of Diabetic Retinal Vascular Lesions

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To analyze the curative effect of compound anisodine in the treatment of diabetic retinal vascular lesions. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 112 cases with diabetic retinal vascular lesions admitted in our hospital from July 2014 to July 2015. The patients were divided into two groups, the control group(50cases) and the study group(62 cases) in accordance with the treatment regimen. Patients in the control group were given the conventional treatment, while those in the study group were treated by compound anisodine. And the total amplitude of BCVA, OPS and CS of the two groups were compared before and after treatment. Results After treatment, the BCVA was improved in both groups, and the improvement was more significant in the study group with statistically significant differences(P0.05). The total amplitude of OPS was improved in both groups after treatment, and the improvement was more significant in the study group with statistically significant differences(P 0.05). The CS in each segment was improved in both groups after treatment, and the improvement was more significant in the study group with statistically significant differences(P0.05). Conclusion The curative effect of compound anisodine is significant in the treatment of diabetic retinal vascular lesions.
Iron Construction and Cultural Discourse

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

From the mid-nineteenth to the early twentieth century, the aesthetic implications of iron engineering were debated in German architectural theory. Historians have traditionally interpreted this debate as evidence of the architectural profession's growing affirmation of the modern ideals of industrial advance and rational thought. This study argues that in the Janus-faced culture of early modern Germany, in which romantic Idealism and rational thought both held sway, architects were not yet convinced that iron construction should be understood solely as a sign of modern progress. During a period of heightened ambivalence toward modernization, architects tested the capacity of iron engineering to accommodate a range of cultural values. Drawing evidence from the theoretical writings of architects and critics, including Hermann Muthesius, Paul Schultze-Naumburg, and Peter Behrens, as well as engineers, such as Franz Reuleaux, this study reveals the range of rhetorical strategies employed to test iron construction's capacity for both Zivilisation and Kultur. The book provides a new perspective on modern building discourse for historians of architecture, engineering, and culture.
Outcomes Associated With Timing of Neurologic Dysfunction Onset Relative to Pediatric Sepsis Recognition*

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

OBJECTIVES: To compare outcomes associated with timing—early versus late—of any neurologic dysfunction during pediatric sepsis. DESIGN: Secondary analysis of a cross-sectional point prevalence study. SETTING: A total of 128 PICUs in 26 countries. PATIENTS: Less than 18 years with severe sepsis on 5 separate days (2013–2014). INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Patients were categorized as having either no neurologic dysfunction or neurologic dysfunction (i.e., present at or after sepsis recognition), which was defined as Glasgow Coma Scale score less than 5 and/or fixed dilated pupils. Our primary outcome was death or new moderate disability (i.e., Pediatric Overall [or Cerebral] Performance Category score ≥3 and change ≥1 from baseline) at hospital discharge, and 87 of 567 severe sepsis patients (15%) had neurologic dysfunction within 7 days of sepsis recognition (61 at sepsis recognition and 26 after sepsis recognition). Primary site of infection varied based on presence of neurologic dysfunction. Death or new moderate disability occurred in 161 of 480 (34%) without neurologic dysfunction, 45 of 61 (74%) with neurologic dysfunction at sepsis recognition, and 21 of 26 (81%) with neurologic dysfunction after sepsis recognition ( p < 0.001 across all groups). On multivariable analysis, in comparison with those without neurologic dysfunction, neurologic dysfunction whether at sepsis recognition or after was associated with increased odds of death or new moderate disability (adjusted odds ratio, 4.9 [95% CI, 2.3–10.1] and 10.7 [95% CI, 3.8–30.5], respectively). We failed to identify a difference between these adjusted odds ratios of death or new moderate disability that would indicate a differential risk of outcome based on timing of neurologic dysfunction ( p = 0.20). CONCLUSIONS: In this severe sepsis international cohort, the presence of neurologic dysfunction during sepsis is associated with worse outcomes at hospital discharge. The impact of early versus late onset of neurologic dysfunction in sepsis on outcome remains unknown, and further work is needed to better understand timing of neurologic dysfunction onset in pediatric sepsis.
Fourier coefficients of meromorphic Jacobi forms

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Fourier coefficients of meromorphic Jacobi forms show up in, for example, the study of mock theta functions, quantum black holes and Kac-Wakimoto characters. In the case of positive index, it was previously shown that they are the holomorphic parts of vector-valued almost harmonic Maass forms. In this talk, we give an alternative characterization of these objects by applying the Maass lowering operator to the completions of the Fourier coefficients. Further, we'll also describe the relation of Fourier coefficients of negative index Jacobi forms to partial theta functions.
Immature teratoma arising from uterine corpus in an 11‐year‐old girl: Case report and review of the literature

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Teratomas are one of the most common germ cell tumors, and they usually occur in ovaries. Extragonadal teratomas are rare, especially immature ones. Only several cases of primary teratomas of the uterus have been reported since 1929. Here, the case of an 11‐year‐old patient who had a 6‐month history of sustained abnormal vaginal discharge is presented. Transabdominal ultrasonography revealed a solid mass in her uterus, resulting in the patient undergoing surgery. Examination of PET‐CT scans revealed a mass in the right ovary of the patient 20 days after surgery. The patient underwent a second surgery followed by chemotherapy. This is the youngest case among reported patients of primary immature uterine teratoma, and this patient showed no evidence of recurrence during 2 years of follow‐up.
Aerosolized Antibiotics to Manage Ventilator-Associated Infections: A Comprehensive Review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Ventilator-associated lower respiratory tract infectious complications in critically ill patients cover a wide spectrum of one disease process (respiratory infection), initiating from tracheal tube and/or tracheobronchial colonization, to ventilator associated tracheobronchitis (VAT) and ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). VAP occurence has been associated with increased intensive care unit (ICU) morbidity (ventilator days, as well as length of ICU and hospital stay) and ICU mortality. Therefore, treatments that aim at VAP/VAT incidence reduction are a high priority. Aim: The aim of the present review is to discuss the current literature concerning two major aspects: (a) can aerosolized antibiotics (AA) administered in a pre-emptive way prevent the occurrence of ventilator-associated infections? and (b) can VAT treatment with aerosolized avert the potential evolution to VAP? Results: There were identified eight studies that provided data on the use of aerosolized antibiotics for the prevention of VAT/VAP. Most of them report favorable data on reducing the colonisation rate and the progression to VAP/VAT. Another four studies dealt with the treatment of VAT/VAP. The results support the decrease in the incidence to VAP transition and/or the improvement in signs and symptoms of VAP. Moreover, there are concise reports on higher cure rates and microbiological eradication in patients treated with aerosolized antibiotics. Yet, differences in the delivery modality adopted and resistance emergence issues preclude the generalisability of the results. Conclusion: Aerosolized antibiotic therapy can be used to manage ventilator-associated infections, especially those with difficult to treat resistance. The limited clinical data raise the need for large randomized controlled trials to confirm the benefits of AA and to evaluate the impact on antibiotic selection pressure.
Nano‐ and micro‐scale morghological defects in oxidized a‐SiC:H thin films

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Amorphous carbon rich a‐SiC:H films were deposited on silicon substrates by RF‐magnetron sputtering of SiC target in argon/methane gas mixture. The principal focus of this study was investigation of the effect of thermal oxidation on structure and morphology reconstruction in a‐SiC:H amorphous network. The density of the films was varied over the range 1.6‐2.2 g/cm 2 by varying the magnetron discharge power. The local nano‐ and micro‐scale surface morphology and chemical composition distribution were examined by atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy equipped with Auger electron scanning system and optical profilometry. It was found that partial oxidation leads to local structure reconstruction accompanied by transformation of mechanical stresses from compressive to tensile. Formation of carbon‐enriched nano‐ and micro‐scale regions was observed after oxidation in low density samples. We attrribute these morphological defects to migration and precipitation of carbon species released in the process of oxidation of the SiC amorphous network. The mechanism of tensile stresses generation is also discussed. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Super‐resolution characterization of TCR‐dependent signaling clusters

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Summary Multi‐molecular signaling complexes drive the earliest events of immune cell activation via immunoreceptors with unexplained specificity and speed. Fluorescence microscopy has shown that these complexes form microclusters at the plasma membrane of activated T cells upon engagement of their antigen receptors ( TCR s). Although crucial for cell function, much remains to be learned about the molecular content, fine structure, formation mechanisms, and function of these microclusters. Recent advancements in super‐resolution microscopy have enabled the study of signaling microclusters at the single molecule level with resolution down to approximately 20 nm. These techniques have now helped to characterize the size distributions of signaling clusters at the plasma membrane of intact cells and to shed light on the formation mechanisms that govern their assembly. Surprisingly, dynamic and functional nanostructures have been identified within the signaling clusters. We expect that these novel methodologies, combined with older techniques, will shed new light on the nature of signaling clusters and their critical role in T‐cell activation.
Influence of nitrogen fertilization on the energy value of maize grain in non-ruminants

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract. Maize is the most widely spread energy source used in rations for farm animals and poultry, especially in countries in America, Southern Europe and Asia, where maize grain is the main cereal used for feed. The quality of maize grain is formed under the influence of several interrelated factors. The aim of the study is to determine the effect of different rates of nitrogen fertilization on the chemical composition and energy value of maize grain grown under irrigation conditions in non-ruminants. The study was conducted in the experimental field of the Agricultural Institute – Stara Zagora under irrigation conditions on cinnamon-meadow soil with maize for grain, medium late hybrid LG 35.36 with density of crops – 70000 plants per hectare. The study includes the following four treatments of fertilization: 1 experimental variant N0P80K60 – non-fertilizer control, 2 experimental variant N100P80K60 – fertilization with 100 kg N.ha-1, 3 experimental variant N150P80K60 – fertilization with 150 kg N.ha-1 and 4 experimental variant N200P80K60 – fertilization with 200 kg N.ha-1. Nitrogen fertilizer was applied during the vegetation of the crop in phase 3-5 leaf, and phosphorus and potassium fertilizers in rates 80 kg P2O5.ha-1 and 60 kg K2O.ha-1 in the main tillage. During the vegetation of the maize, pre-irrigation humidity of 80-85% of field capacity (FC) was maintained by 3 waterings. As the fertilization rate increases, the crude protein content in the maize grain also grows up. During the treatment with the highest fertilizer rate of 200 kg N.ha-1, 9.5% per 1 kg of dry matter (DM) was obtained, followed by the treatment with 150 kg N.ha-1 – with a value of 9.1% per 1 kg of dry matter. The content of crude fiber in the grain of maize with increasing fertilization rate decreases, being the smallest in the treatment with rate 100 kg N.ha-1 – 0.8% per 1 kg of dry matter. The fertilization rate does not have a significant effect on the content of digestible and metabolite energy in corn grain grown under irrigated conditions in pigs and poultry.
A Case of Angioimmunoblastic T-cell Lymphoma (AILD).

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

67歳,男性。1999年9月,発熱,全身性リンパ節腫脹,皮疹,高γ-グロブリン血症,肝脾腫等の臨床所見を呈して急激に発症した。病理組織学的に,皮膚には特異的な所見は認められないが,リンパ節は基本構造は完全に破壊され,小血管の樹枝状増生が著明にみられ,AILDに特異的な所見と判断した。浸潤リンパ球はT細胞の表面形質を有していたが,T細胞抗原受容体(TCR)遺伝子の再構成を認めなかった。臨床所見,病理組織学所見より,AILDと診断した。ステロイド大量療法,免疫抑制剤療法が行われたが,腫瘍増大と肺炎を併発し,翌年1月に死亡した。