jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The determinants of family planning program effectiveness.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Family planning (FP) programs are seen to increase the availability of contraception and level of its use and lower fertility but programmatic and environmental factors affect their impact. Fertility has remained high in countries with poorly implemented programs (Kenya Pakistan) and cross sectional studies indicate that programs can raise prevalence to 40-60% of eligible women in countries with reasonable demand levels. Determinants of program effectiveness include 1) environment; 2) fertility control demand; 3) population policy and program components; 4) provider/client transaction quality and quantity; 5) complementary fertility determinants i.e. determinants other than contraception. FP programs can increase contraceptive use level within an existing demand structure. They can increase the level of demand through education advertising and easier contraceptive availability. Provider/client transactions are an essential link between program activities and contraceptive use. Program effectiveness is also closely associated with the extent to which managers succeed in establishing systems of accountability. Programs should be adaptable and willing to learn from experience. Organizational structural elements should be consistent with their environment. The question of whether to integrate programs with other programs such as health services is an example of this. The involvement of multiple public and private channels or organizations increases national FP program effectiveness which is also influenced by the choice and the effective delivery of a diversity of FP methods. The environment also takes the form of factors such as political group pressure the degree of socioeconomic advancement; or foreign exchange rates. Effective leadership and political support are essential to program success.
World Child Well-Being Index: A Multidimensional Perspective

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract This work aims to understand the situation of children within a particular territory and assess the different dimensions of this scenario. To this end we develop a multidimensional indicator to synthesize the most relevant dimensions and indicators around the world at a country level. Our results not only identify the aspects exerting the greatest impact on infant well-being, but also provide a full international comparison. The ranking obtained allows us to compare among countries, thus highlighting differences in the transformation of wealth into infant well-being. Moreover, incorporating gender into the analysis provides a new and relevant perspective.
Give me a laboratory and I will win you the war

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The first decades of the twentieth century were marked by the establishment of a number of new institutions and means of governing scientific research in Britain. In July 1915 the Board of Invention and Research (BIR) was formed by the Admiralty to focus the 'scientific and inventive powers of the country' on war work. The formation of a dedicated scientific board, directly connected to the naval service, could be read as part of this trend towards greater state patronage of research and the growing institution of government science, but by September 1917 the decision had been was made to abolish the BIR. In its brief existence the BIR's culture of governance shifted through its internal transformations, interactions with existing Admiralty technical departments and connections with an expanding state infrastructure for invention and research. This chapter follows these shifts to show that there was nothing inevitable about how invention and research were institutionalised and governed in the opening decades of the twentieth century.
Lercanidipin chylous peritonitis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We report a case of lercanidipin-induced chylous peritonitis (CP) occurring in a patient undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD), a 22-year-old male with chronic renal failure with indeterminate nephropathy.. The patient presented a turbid drainage fluid at the start of peritoneal dialysis (PD). The chyloperitoneum resolved after stopping lercanidipin without recurrence.Lercanidipin induced-chyloperitoneum is a rare complication in PD. It is a benign form of non-infectious peritonitis that can be confused with an infectious peritonitis. The most common causes of CP are infectious, obstructive and abdominal malignancy.This paper discusses the possible causes of CP, the physiopathology and the management of lercanidipin-induced chyloperitoneum.
Fulminant Hepatic Failure

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Fulminant hepatic failure is an uncommon but dramatic illness with a high mortality. Viral hepatitis or drug toxicity is the usual cause. In the severe forms of the illness the patients, often young and previously healthy, rapidly become profoundly unwell due to extensive hepatic necrosis. Coma is accompanied by a disastrous disturbance of all the synthetic, metabolic and excretory functions of the liver. Management is largely supportive and multisystem complications may demand all the resources of the intensive care unit to allow survival. Systems for temporary hepatic support have aroused interest, based on the assumption that the hepatic lesion is potentially reversible. A number of heroic techniques have been tried and abandoned. Encouraging reports of charcoal column haemoperfusion have yet to be confirmed by controlled clinical trial.
Tectonic and Overpressured Zones, Gulf of Mexico

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract We observe two different events happening in a Matagorda Island area. Faults may act as a seal and enhance the shale sealing. Changes in pore pressure calculated from sonic/resistivity logs are steep, “transitional” zone is about a 100–150′ thick and almost invisible at a whole well scale. Because of such sharp changes these zones are hard to recognize on MWD, however typically one casing point required to separate it from upper normally pressured section. Another option — fault causes partial damage, possibly through micro-fractures in shales. Shale sealing properties are decreased pore pressure in reservoir sands is lower, that in neighboring blocks. Sealing zone possess gradual changes in pore pressure with lower values that expected. Such zones are up to 2000′ thick and could be observed on MWD as well as on conventional log diagrams. Several casing points required in order to drill through such zone. By incorporating this information into the geological model one can predict whether the fault will act as a pressure-formation liquids “semi-conductor” or as a good seal. Faults that damage the seal above overpressured zone might result in unexpected shallow overpressure and/or shallow gas. Such faults should be determined, mapped and avoid when possible from drilling.
CPF : the liberalisation of the Central Provident Fund

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The Central Provident Fund (CPF) was set up on 1 July 1955. CPF is a major part of Singapore's social security system based on savings and insurance. The objectives of the schemes are to help members meet primary needs like shelter, food, clothing and health services in their old age or when they are no longer able to work. The CPF scheme is jointly supported by employees, employers and the Government. Over the years, the rates of contribution have been changed to ensure that the employee accumulates sufficient funds for his retirement in real terms. Members can withdraw their CPF savings upon reaching age 55 and after setting aside a minimum sum in their retirement accounts.
Thermoelectric transport properties of gapless pinned charge density waves

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Quantum strongly correlated matter exhibits properties which are not easily explainable in the conventional framework of Fermi liquids. Universal effective field theory tools are applicable in these cases regardless of the microscopic details of the quantum system, since they are based on symmetries. It is necessary, however, to construct these effective tools in full generality, avoiding restrictions coming from particular microscopic descriptions which may inadequately constrain the coefficients that enter in the effective theory. In this work we demonstrate on explicit examples how the novel hydrodynamic coefficients which have been recently reinstated in the effective theory of pinned charge density waves (CDW) can affect the phenomenology of the thermo-electric transport in strongly correlated quantum matter. Our examples, based on two classes of holographic models with pinned CDW, have microscopics which are conceptually different from Fermi liquids. Therefore, the above novel transport coefficients are nonzero, contrary to the conventional approach. We show how these coefficients allow to take into account the change of sign of the Seebeck coefficient and the low resistivity of the CDW phase of the cuprate high temperature superconductors, without referring to the effects of Fermi surface reconstruction.
How Identity Interacts with Economic and Societal Rationality to Drive Public Opinion on the European Union. The Role of Crime, Unemployment and Immigration

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper examines the relative power of identity and utilitarian explanations of the variation in public support for the European Union (EU) as well as the relationship these have with one another. Using Eurobarometer data from 1990 to 2007, the results in this paper demonstrate that contrary to previous research, national economic and societal utility calculations about the EU have greater explanatory power than identity issues. It is also found that unemployment, crime and exclusive national identity mediate the relationship between immigration and EU support. In the light of these findings, the article draws implications for politics at EU and national level.
Studies on the Nutrition of Coprinus lagopus Fr., especially as affecting Fruiting

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Growth and fruiting of Coprinus lagopus in pure culture have been studied on a medium containing glucose, dl-α-alanine, mineral salts and thiamin, and the effects of changes in concentration of certain components of this medium and of various substitutions investigated. It is demonstrated that fruiting led to withdrawal of materials from the whole of the colony. No evidence was obtained of the existence of a minimal quantity of substrate for fruiting to take place. The distribution of mature sporophores on a colony was affected by an internal mechanism. A theory as to its possible nature is suggested.
Work-Family Conflict's Influence on Job Satisfaction. A Mediator Role of Emotional Exhaustion

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The study object is to fulfil the earlier studies' gaps by observing the connection between and job satisfaction (JS) and work-family conflict (WFC). It aims to study the role of emotional exhaustion as a mediator between elements of job demands and job satisfaction. A sample of 269 respondents were customer service employees across 13 Palestinian banks. The analysis was done by the partial least squares path modelling method. The analysis showed that WFC positively affect emotional exhaustion. According to prospects, job demands have insignificant negative direct influence on job satisfaction. Also, emotional exhaustion decreases customer service employees' job satisfaction. And for the mediating relationship, there's a full mediation of emotional exhaustion among job satisfaction and job demands (WFC). Lastly, this article contributes to the literature using the JD-R model theory.
Observation of Ga antisite defect in electron-irradiated semi-insulating GaAs by photoluminescence

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Cation antisite defects produced in semi-insulating GaAs by 30-MeV electron irradiation were studied using a photoluminescence (PL) method. PL emissions associated with a double acceptor GaAs, lying at 78 and 200 meV above the valence band, were observed at 860 and 935 nm in 600 °C annealed samples. The former emission is a prominent spectrum with its phonon replica at 880 nm, whereas the latter is buried in broad emissions consisting of the defect complexes such as the VAs-CAs complex. The electron irradiation-induced GaAs defects are ∼102 times smaller than those produced in neutron irradiated semi-insulating GaAs.
Seismotectonics

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Research on seismicity and its relation to current tectonic processes by U.S. scientists and institutions advanced over the last four years on a wide front both topically and geographically. Common to much of this research is a growing recognition that preexisting structures and heterogeneous fault geometry strongly influence broad seismicity patterns [e.g., Wesnousky et al. , 1983; Wheeler and Bollinger , 1984] as well as the faulting style and rupture pattern of individual earthquakes [e.g., Sibson , 1986; Jones et al. , 1984]. Recognition of the latter, in particular, has enhanced the physical meaning of the widely‐used concepts “asperity,” “barrier,” “seismic gap,” and “characteristic earthquake” [ Beck and Ruff , 1984; Mendoza and Dewey , 1984; Sanders and Kanamori , 1984; Sykes and Seeber , 1985; also see Schwartz , this issue]. One topic that stands out in particular because of the increased attention given it over the last four years is volcanic seismicity. The eruptions of Mount St. Helens in 1980, El Chichon in 1982, Nevada del Ruiz in 1985, and the unrest in Long Valley caldera beginning in 1980 renewed interest in the long‐standing question regarding the nature and significance of volcanic b ‐type (low‐frequency) earthquakes, harmonic (volcanic) tremor, and the relation of earthquakes to magmatic processes in general.
Heat Transfer to Gases through Packed Tubes

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHeat Transfer to Gases through Packed TubesMax LevaCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1947, 39, 7, 857–862Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1947Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1947https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50451a014https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50451a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views321Altmetric-Citations61LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
AKUNTABILITAS PENGELOLAAN ALOKASI DANA DESA PADA DESA PINGGIR AIR

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Research Purposes. This study aims to explore the accountability of the management of village fund allocations (ADD), how effective and efficient the allocation of village funds is, and how much the contribution of village fund allocations to Pinggir Air Village, Kumun Debai District, Sungai Penuh City.Research Methods. Primary data collection techniques in this study using a questionnaire distributed to respondents. Secondary data collection techniques in this study using budget realization reports (LRA). Respondents in this study were village officials and community figures totaling 30 respondents.Research Result and Findings. The result shows that the rate of accountability for managing the ADD at Pinggir Air Village has been very good where the planning to accountability stages have been implemented properly. Level of effectiveness and efficiency realization of ADD on Pinggir Air Village has been effective and efficient. Realization of ADD on Pinggir Air Village in accordance with ADD target and the realization of spending from the use of Village Funds is efficient, 99.64% of village funds are allocated and implemented according to the planned use and do not exceed the realization of village income. Contribution rate realization of ADD on Pinggir Air Village reaches 100%. This means that the level of dependence on village funds is very high.
Seroprevalence of Measles and Rubella IgG Antibodies in Children and Pregnant Women in Iran

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Complete immunization against Rubella and Measles (MR) in pediatrics is achieved using 2 doses of the Measles, Mumps, and Rubella-containing vaccine (MMR) in Iran at 12 and 18 months of age, where more than 95% of children under 5 years of age are vaccinated. Antibody waning in mothers and older children, and genetic diversity in immune responses may render them susceptible to infections. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the diversity in immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody levels against these two viruses in pregnant women, infants younger than 2 months, children at 6, 12, and 18 months, and 5 - 6 years of age in Iran. Methods: This study was conducted on serum specimens sent to the National Reference Laboratory for Measles and Rubella in Tehran, Iran, from children under 2 months (n: 50), 6 (n: 54), 12 (n: 54), and 18 (n: 39) months, and 5 - 6 years old (n: 49), as well as women at 37 weeks of pregnancy (n: 53), from May to December 2020. Rubella and Measles-specific IgG were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. Results: Among serum samples from different provinces of Iran, the lowest positive level of Measles IgG was observed in children aged 6 and 12 months (7.41%), while the highest positive level was found in children aged 18 months (84.62%). For Rubella, the lowest IgG-positive level was seen in children aged 11 - 13 months (11.11%), while the highest positive level was observed in the 5 - 6 years old group (83.67%). Antibody levels against measles and rubella were higher in pregnant women than in children. Conclusions: Measles and Rubella antibody titers were lower in children 12 months before vaccination and reached a positive level in children aged 18 months post-vaccination. Whereas, lower Measles IgG levels in 5 - 6 years old children compared to 18 months old children may be due to waning antibodies. Pregnant women exhibited high levels of protection against these viruses (more than 80% had positive rubella IgG), as anticipated from outcomes of the national vaccination program in 2004.
H-Bond-Stabilized Triphenylene-Based Columnar Discotic Liquid Crystals

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

A 1,3,5-benzenetrisamide with three pending hexaalkoxytriphenylene groups has been synthesized as an example of an interesting class of intermolecular H-bond-stabilized columnar discotic liquid crystalline materials. The material forms a plastic hexagonal discotic phase that does not crystallize on cooling from the isotropic phase, even after annealing for a few days at room temperature. X-ray and computational studies provide a detailed model for the organization of this material. The charge carrier mobility, 0.12 cm2 V-1 s-1 at 180 C, is the highest ever reported for liquid crystalline triphenylene systems, and even increases with temperature. The factors responsible for this behavior are discussed.
Export Diversification and Economic Growth in Nigeria

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The issue of export diversification has been contentious in Nigeria due to the country’s unstable growth pattern which is majorly associated with instability in the international oil market and the poor performance of other sectors of the economy. Therefore, this study examines the link between export diversification and economic growth in Nigeria from 1962 to 2016. The study utilizes the Auto-regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) technique. The result of this study shows that export diversification has a positive but insignificant influence on economic growth in Nigeria. The above result implies that the oil sector still dominates the Nigerian economy while the diversification drive of the government has not been significant in other sectors of the economy. Thus, the study recommends the need for conscious economic policies that would promote the diversification of the entire non-oil sector of the economy. The study concludes that export diversification is an insignificant determinant of economic growth in Nigeria.
Broad Beam Gamma-Ray Spectrometric Studies with Environmental Materials

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Background Gamma-ray spectrometry helps in radiation shielding problems and different applications of radioisotopes. Experimental arrangements including broad beam geometries are widely used. The aim is to investigate and evaluate the Î³-ray spectra via attenuation by environmental materials. Materials and Methods The photo peak to nominated parts in the Î³-ray spectra and the attenuation coefficients Î¼ b / Ï from broad beam geometries are measured for the materials water, soil, sand and cement at the energies 0.662, 1.25, and 1.332 MeV with a 3â³Ã3â³ NaI(Tl) detector. Results and Discussion The Î³-ray spectra vary according to changes in the effective atomic number Z eff of the attenuator, the photon energy and the solid angle. The peak to total ratios are the most sensitive parts to variations in the experimental conditions and overturn in the region 0.663 MeV to 1.332 MeV. This is indicated as inversion trend. The results are discussed in view of Z eff and the experimental conditions. The intensity build-up is larger at the lower energy and larger scattering angles in agreement with Klein-Nishina formula and other results. The build-up factor B is â 1 at high Î³-energies and small scattering angles. Conclusion The sensitivity to material characteristics decrease gradually from peak: to total, to Compton valley, to Compton plateau ratios. Rigorous collimation is necessary at small energies. Cement, of the largest Z eff , is characterized by the maximum broad beam mass attenuation coefficients Î¼ b/ Ï. The obtained results provide information to decide for the suitable experimental set-up based on aim of the work. Keywords: Gamma ray spectrometry, NaI(Tl) detector performance, Build-up factor, Photo peak ratios
New guest-accessible space under gas pressure

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A two-dimensional (2-D) coordination polymer {[Zn(L)4]•DMF•H2O}n, (1), prepared by the reaction of 4-(1Hbenzo[d]imidazol-1-yl)benzoic acid with Zn(NO3)2•4H2O under solvothermal conditions, can adapt its structure during supercritical carbon dioxide (CO2) guest-exchange and CO2 sorption.The 2-D layers of the coordination polymer are associated by weak interactions that enable the framework to undergo guest-induced expansion and contraction.At high pressure, additional space is created between adjacent layers resulting in a significant increase in the CO2 sorption capacity (Figure 1).Moreover, the structural changes and gas uptake by the host occur preferentially for CO2 at 25 °C while nitrogen (N2) and methane (CH4) are not adsorbed under the same conditions.Pressure differential scanning calorimetry (PDSC) and in situ single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SCD) experiments under gas loading were carried out to obtain insight into the dynamic behaviour of the framework.