jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
When Cities Get Married

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In this article, we examine the processes by which urban space became sexually coded through municipal consolidation in the nineteenth century. Our analysis covers the union of Van Vorst Township to Jersey City in 1851 and the absorption of the City of Brooklyn to “Greater New York” in 1898. In both cases, urban space was gendered and sexualized through courtship and marriage metaphors used by local newspapers. We argue that consolidation is represented in gendered and sexualized terms so that the question of municipal expansion became insulated frommoral, racialized, and environmental concerns about the “threats” of the big city. Our analysis has contemporary relevance because it suggests the sexist and heterosexist norms that may be embedded in the noblesse oblige of contemporary municipal consolidation. It also suggests a way of looking at contemporary municipal boundary changes through a normative lens that takes us beyond economic notions of self-interest.
A new project to capture antimalarial drugs, leads and targets in the IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY (GtoPdb)

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Introduction: GtoPdb has been traditionally focused on the pharmacology associated with non-infectious diseases [1]. However, in October of 2017 we initiated a collaboration with Medicines for Malaria Venture (MMV) in Geneva, where we have been piloting the curation of antimalarial compounds and Plasmodium targets for approved drugs and the global portfolio of new clinical candidates and research leads [2]. This will provide explicit mappings between compounds and targets for current and new antimalarials.
Trajectories and Planning of the Vital and Professional Project of Elite Athletes

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

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Detection of Ca II absorption in the spectrum of the QSO 0446 - 208 due to an intervening galaxy

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We have detected the Ca <scp>II</scp> <it>H</it> and <it>K</it> lines in the spectrum of the QSO 0446 – 208 (<it>z</it><inf>em</inf> = 1.896) at a very similar redshift, <it>z</it> = 0.0667, to that of a galaxy which lies 13 arcsec away in the plane of the sky. This separation corresponds to 23kpc (<it>H</it><inf>0</inf> = 50 km s−1 Mpc−1) at the redshift of the galaxy (<it>z</it> = 0.0669 ± 0.0002). The column density of the Ca <scp>II</scp> absorption is [11(+5, −3)] × 1012 cm−2 and the Doppler width <it>b</it> is (90 ± 20) km s−1. Spectroscopy and a direct plate of the galaxy indicate that it is probably an S0 system. It seems likely that the Ca <scp>II</scp> absorption originates in disc material in the galaxy, although halo absorption cannot be ruled out. A high ionization absorption system, <it>z</it><inf>a</inf> = 1.8667, also occurs in the spectrum of the QSO.
Geochemical and Statistical Evaluation of Gold Mineralization of AbuSari Area–Northern Sudan

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Gold mineralization of the target area is mainly confined to the Meta volcanic, Meta sedimentary rocks of green schist fanciesintruded by granitioid rocks. To reveal secondary dispersion haloes, unconsolidated soil samples were collected along profiles, across the suspected Au-bearing sector. Resultsobtainedfor Au and associated elements (Ag, Co, Pb and Zn), were subjected to statistical analysis to reveal parameters such as background value (Cb), coefficient of correlation, coefficient of variation, geochemical factors, productivities, and coefficient of dispersion. Statistical methods interpretation of the data proved to be effective and complement each other. Geochemical factors and ratios of contents of epithermal elements to hypothermal elements indicate deeper levels of mineralization and weathering, gold dispersion shows erratic behavior. The morphology of secondary dispersion haloes of one element reflects more or less the morphology of the hidden ore bodies.
Association between severe periodontitis and chronic kidney disease severity in predialytic patients: A cross‐sectional study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Objective The aim of this cross‐sectional study was to evaluate the association between periodontitis and different severities of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in predialytic patients. Materials and Methods Demographic, socioeconomic, and medical data of 139 patients from the nephrology service of one university hospital in Porto Alegre, Brazil, were obtained through interview and clinical records. Full‐mouth six‐sites per tooth periodontal examinations were performed. Associations between periodontitis, stages of CKD, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were estimated by multivariable models adjusted for sex, smoking, vitamin D supplementation, physical activity, and renal treatment duration. CKD was classified based on eGFR (<60 ml/min/1.73 m 2 ) estimated by the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equation. Results Patients with severe periodontitis, compared to those without severe periodontitis, had 2.8 (95% CI: 1.25–6.62) and 3.4 (95% CI: 1.27–9.09) times higher risk of being in stages 4 and 5 of CKD, respectively. Having ≥ 2 teeth with clinical attachment loss (CAL) ≥6 mm increased 3.9 times the risk of being in stage 5 of CKD. Patients with severe periodontitis and ≥2 teeth with CAL ≥ 6 mm had 4.4 ml/min/1.73 2 and 5.2 ml/min/1.73 2 lower eGFR ( p ‐values < .05), respectively. Conclusion Severe periodontitis was associated with poor renal conditions in predialytic CKD patients, strengthening the importance of periodontal evaluation in such patient population.
Joint Toxicity of Different Mixtures of Diafenthiuron, Fenbutatin-oxide and Chlorfenapyr on Bombyx mori(L.)

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

[Aims] The aims were to investigate the joint toxicities of diafenthiuron mixed with chlorfenapyr, diafenthiuron mixed with fenbutatin-oxide(FBO), FBO mixed with chlorfenapyr, FBO mixed with diafenthiuron and chlorfenapyr on silkworm Bombyx mori(L.). [Methods] The acute toxicities on 3rd and 4rd instar B. mori were investigated by feeding the silkworm with the insecticide-treated mulberry, Morus albus(L.) leaves. [Results] The toxicity levels of 92.5-95.0% of diafenthiuron mixed with 5.0-7.5% of chlorfenapyr, 53.5-94.3% of diafenthiuron mixed with 5.7-46.5% of FBO,35.0-78.4% of diafenthiuron, 18.8-62.9% of FBO mixed with 2.1-7.8% of chlorfenapyr on the 3rd and 4rd instar newly exuviated larvae of silkworm were moderate toxicity grade, and the combine coefficients were ranged from 0.5 to 2.6,which indicated additive effect. The combine coefficient of 85-88% of FBO mixed with 12-15% of chlorfenapyr was greater than 2.6, which indicated synergistic effect. [Conclusions] Although diafenthiuron·chlorfenapyr, diafenthiuron·fenbutatin-oxide and diafenthiuron·fenbutatin-oxide·chlorfenapyr mixtures enhance the acaricidal activities, the mixtures do not increase the toxicities on silkworm. Therefore the mixtures are worthy of further development and application.
A STUDY TO COMPARE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF FELDENKRAIS EXERCISE VERSUS PILATES EXERCISE ON FUNCTIONAL DISABILITY AND CORE MUSCLE ENDURANCE IN SUBJECTS WITH NONSPECIFIC CHRONIC LOW BACK PAIN

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Low back pain is the most common health problem and has a huge impact on adults. Worldwide LBP is the problem that causes a greater number of years of disability. It leads to loss of functionality and affects ADL activities and Quality of life. The prevalence of LBP is more in undergraduate students of medical college in the age group of 18 to 25. The sample of 30 students with Non-specific chronic LBP was selected based on inclusion criteria, they were divided into group A (15), and group B (15), and these groups trained with specific training exercises for 6 weeks. After the training for 6 weeks, postassessment was done using QBPDS and McGill endurance test. The statistical analysis done by using unpaired 't' test with the values of Group A and Group B shows the significance of (p<0.05). Between the group analysis of the post values shows in the Group B is significant than Group A. After the statistical analysis, it shows that there is an improvement in core muscle endurance and functional disability in Group B (Pilates exercise) than Group A (Feldenkrais exercise) which shows that Group B is more significant than Group A.
Impact of Tubewell Irrigation on Agricultural Production in District Dera Ismail Khan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa-Pakistan

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

sain and Hassan, 2017).Water is not only considered to be the significant but scarce element so necessary for the human survival, right from the dire needs of drinking water to the production of food and fiber.Since, economy of Pakistan exists in a sub-tropical semi-arid region where there is possibility of either uneven rainfall or not enough to boost agriculture sector.The Pakistan's population is increasing at the rate of 2.4% per annum in accordance to sixth Population and Housing Census of Pakistan 2017.This rapid growth of population creates growing demands Abstract | An empirical study was conducted to investigate the role of tube well irrigation on overall agriculture production in District D.I. Khan during 2018.In this respect, only 100 sampled farmers were interviewed with the assistance of a well-designed structured questionnaire using simple random sampling procedure.Regression analysis as a statistical method was used to assess the impact of tube well irrigation on agriculture production, household annual income, poverty line, kinds of land, sources of irrigation and inputs used on land.The significant (P<0.05)impact of household annual income of farmers was observed on agriculture production.The significant (P<0.01)impact of household annual income of farmers had kept farming community above poverty line and the significant (P<0.05)relationships noticed between kinds of land and sources of irrigation, which in turn inducing farmers to become regular user of tube well irrigation.The significant (P<0.01)impact of inputs used on the adaptation of efficient networks of tube well irrigation in Dera Ismail Khan District.The results of the study concluded that those farmers who had used tube well irrigation as a source of irrigation in the area, benefited a great deal, and as a results their per household annual income were found sufficient enough to keep them above poverty line.Most of the farmers were of opinion that after the introduction of tube well irrigation, farmers found it profitable to bring uncultivated land under cultivation, enhancing the overall agricultural production in District
An iterative algorithm to simultaneously retrieve aerosol extinction and effective radius profiles using the CALIOP lidar

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract. The Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) onboard the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO) satellite has been widely used in climate and environment studies to obtain the vertical profiles of atmospheric aerosols. To retrieve the vertical profile of aerosol extinction, the CALIOP algorithm assumes column-averaged lidar ratios based on a clustering of aerosol optical properties measured at surface stations. On one hand, these lidar ratio assumptions may not be appropriate or representative at certain locations. One the other hand, the two-wavelength design of CALIOP has the potential to constrain aerosol size information, which has not been considered in the operational algorithm. In this study, we present a modified inversion algorithm to simultaneously retrieve aerosol extinction and effective radius profiles using two-wavelength elastic lidars such as the CALIOP. Specifically, a look-up table is built to relate the lidar ratio with the Ångström exponent calculated using aerosol extinction at the two wavelengths, and the lidar ratio is then determined iteratively without a priori assumption. The retrieved two-wavelength extinction at each layer is then converted to particle effective radius assuming a lognormal distribution. The algorithm is tested on synthetic data, Raman lidar measurements and then finally the real CALIOP backscatter measurements. Results show improvements over the CALIPSO operational algorithm by comparing with ground-based Raman lidar profiles.
First record of Ragged Sea Hare Bursatella leachii Blainville, 1817 (Opisthobranchia: Euopisthobranchia: Aplysiidae) in Pulicat Lake, east coast of India

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Specimens of Bursatella leachii Blainville, 1817 were collected from Pulicat Lake along the east coast of India at depths of up to 1 m and the maximum number of this species were recorded at a depth of 20 cm (13°33′57″N 80°10′29″E) on a sandy soil bed. A thorough literature survey on the species revealed this study to be the first report of its occurrence from this region. The present investigation describes a review on the occurrence and morphological features of this specimen.
External Negative Pressure Dressing System(ENDPS) VS. Traditional Wound Dressing for Cesarean Section Incision in Obese Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

What is already known on this subject? AND What does this study add? Obesity is associated with increased cesarean section delivery rates and surgical site wound complication with associated increased post-operative morbidity, post-operative pain and length of hospital stay. What does this study add? Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) technology could be used as a prophylactic measure to reduce surgical site wound complications in obese women undergoing cesarean section by immediate postoperative application in clean-contaminated, closed surgical incisions.
Subclinical and Asymptomatic Atrial Fibrillation: Current Evidence and Unsolved Questions in Clinical Practice

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Atrial Fibrillation (AF) may be diagnosed due to symptoms, or it may be found as an incidental electrocardiogram (ECG) finding, or by implanted devices recordings in asymptomatic patients. While anticoagulation, according to individual risk profile, has proven definitely beneficial in terms of prognosis, rhythm control strategies only demonstrated consistent benefits in terms of quality of life. In fact, evidence collected by observational data showed significant benefits in terms of mortality, stroke incidence, and prevention of cognitive impairment for patients referred to AF catheter ablation compared to those medically treated, however randomized trials failed to confirm such results. The aims of this review are to summarize current evidence regarding the treatment specifically of subclinical and asymptomatic AF, to discuss potential benefits of rhythm control therapy, and to highlight unclear areas.
Introduction

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Introduction Matthew P. Romaniello, Associate Editor In the fall of 2011, Jerry Bentley shared with me an early draft of Richard Eaton and Philip Wagoner’s article on the Military Revolution in early modern India. It was the first article for a planned cluster that Jerry envisioned as “Globalizing the Military Revolution.” It is fitting that this forum is finally a reality and that it launches The Journal of World History’s twenty-fifth anniversary. It would be impossible to imagine the anniversary of the Journal without Jerry Bentley making a contribution to it. The idea of having a special issue examining the potential of a global military revolution began at a workshop at George Mason Uni versity in April 2011. Both the article from Eaton and Wagoner and Gábor Ágoston found their origins there. Later in 2012, Tonio Andrade, Hyeok Hweon Kang, and Kirsten Cooper sent in their article examining the topic with new evidence from Korea, and the forum was finally a reality. Sadly, “Globalizing a Military Revolution” is also Jerry’s last editorial contribution to the journal. It is, however, a fitting testament to his continuing enthusiasm for the field of world history. In Jerry’s first email to me after Eaton and Wagoner submitted their draft, his excitement was palpable. Jerry wrote: “This article by Dick and Philip strikes me as absolutely stupendous. What I like about it is that it brings new research, including the authors’ physical observations of architectural remains, into conversation with Big Issues such as the military revolution. If the other contributions are similar, the collection will be absolutely [End Page 3] dynamite.” Though Jerry did not have a chance to read the final versions of the articles, I have no doubt his prediction for the collection will be shared by all. [End Page 4] Copyright © 2014 University of Hawai‘i Press
Fermentation of table cream by Lactobacillus plantarum strains: effect on fungal growth, aflatoxin M1 and ochratoxin A

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Summary Aflatoxin M1 ( AFM 1 ) and ochratoxin A ( OTA ) are two main mycotoxins in milk and dairy products. In the present work, the ability of four Lactobacillus strains ( L. plantarum PTCC 1058, L. plantarum LP 3, L. plantarum AF 1 and L. plantarum LU 5) to remove AFM 1 and OTA in fermented cream was studied during 24 h fermentation. The antifungal activity of the mentioned lactobacilli against the defined fungi ( Aspergillus flavus PTCC 5004, Aspergillus parasiticus PTCC 5018, Aspergillus nidulans PTCC 5014, Aspergillus ochraceus PTCC 5060) was also evaluated. The results showed that the cell counts of all strains were increased by 64–70% during fermentation. All Lactobacillus strains decreased the amount of AFM 1 significantly ( P ≤ 0.05) in the range of 26–52%, which the highest AFM 1 ‐reducing effect was related to L. plantarum LU 5 (from 0.5 to 0.24 μg kg −1 ). The mean OTA removal by Lactobacillus strains in fermented cream also ranged from 32 to 58%. Amongst Lactobacillus strains, the cell‐free culture supernatants of L. plantarum LU 5 showed the highest (inhibition zone of 26.7 ± 1.2 mm) and L. plantarum LP 3 and L. plantarum PTCC 1058 the lowest antifungal activities. The fermented creams contained Lactobacillus strains exhibited the highest and lowest antifungal activities against A. ochraceus and A. parasiticus , respectively. L. plantarum LU 5, with the inhibition zone of 27.6 ± 0.9 mm, was the most effective fungal inhibitor, while L. plantarum PTCC 1058 had the lowest antifungal activity.
Mental spillover in IT workplace: overthinking and organizational support in the work-family conflict and incivility link among employees in Chennai

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Purpose This study aims to examine how work-family conflict (WFC) contributes to workplace incivility (WPI) in high-pressure information technology (IT) environments, emphasizing the mediating role of overthinking (OT) and the moderating effect of perceived organizational support (POS). This study aims to clarify the psychological and organizational mechanisms that transform strain into incivility. Design/methodology/approach A mixed-methods approach was used. The qualitative phase involved semi-structured interviews with 22 IT professionals to explore the psychological effects of WFC. Insights from this phase informed a quantitative survey administered to 410 IT employees in Chennai, India. Structural equation modeling and the PROCESS macro were used to test a moderated mediation model grounded in the conservation of resources theory. Findings The results indicate that OT significantly mediates the relationship between WFC and WPI. Additionally, POS moderates this indirect effect such that the positive association between OT and incivility is weaker when organizational support is perceived as high. Research limitations/implications The cross-sectional nature of this study limits causal interpretation. Future research may benefit from longitudinal designs and larger industry samples. This study contributes to the literature by integrating psychological strain and organizational context into the WFC-incivility link. Practical implications Organizations can reduce incivility by supporting employees facing WFC through stress management interventions and POS-enhancing human resource practices. Promoting support structures may buffer cognitive overload and improve workplace behavior. Originality/value This study offers a novel moderated mediation model explaining how OT links WFC to incivility and how POS attenuates this effect, especially relevant for knowledge-intensive sectors like IT.
Catalysis of the deprotonation of β-keto esters by cyclodextrins

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The rates of deprotonation of several β-keto esters in basic aqueous solution are elevated by α- and β-cyclodextrin (α- and β-CD). In most cases saturation kinetics are observed that indicate fairly strong binding of the esters to the CDs (K d = 0.22–11 mM); catalytic ratios (k c /k u ) are in the range 1.9–17. For esters of the form RCO-CH 2 COOEt with both α- and β-CD the values of K d and k c /k u show little sensitivity to the acyl group, RCO (R = Me, Et, Pr, i-Pr), and for 2-carboethoxycyclopentanone, a cyclic analogue, these parameters are similar. In contrast, for R-COCH 2 CO-OR′ (R = Me or Et; R′ = Me, Et, allyl) there is a marked dependence of the parameters on the alkoxyl group, OR′. These results suggest that the β-keto esters studied bind to the CDs with their alkoxyl groups in the CD cavity and that the catalysis ensues from the complexes thus formed. Variations in two other kinetic parameters, k 2 = k c /K d (substrate selectivity) and K TS = k u /k 2 (apparent constant for dissociation of CD from the transition state) support this interpretation. Apparent second-order rate constants for the reaction of the esters with neutral CD (k 2 = k c /K d ) are 1900–360 000 M −1 s −1 (at pH ≈ 10), whereas for hydroxide ion attack on ethyl acetoacetate k OH = 5500 M −1 s −1 . Assuming the pK a s of the CDs are 12.2 and 12.3, deprotonation of the esters by the CD anions has rate constants of 10 5 to 5 × 10 7 M −1 s −1 . Thus, binding of the β-keto esters in the CD cavities, adjacent to a basic oxyanion site, enhances the reactivity of the CD anions towards these weak carbon acids by at least 2–4 orders of magnitude.
Multi-Layer Random Perturbation Training for improving Model Generalization Efficiently

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We propose a simple yet effective Multi-Layer RAndom Perturbation Training algorithm (RAPT) to enhance model robustness and generalization. The key idea is to apply randomly sampled noise to each input to generate label-preserving artificial input points. To encourage the model to generate more diverse examples, the noise is added to a combination of the model layers. Then, our model regularizes the posterior difference between clean and noisy inputs. We apply RAPT towards robust and efficient BERT training, and conduct comprehensive fine-tuning experiments on GLUE tasks. Our results show that RAPT outperforms the standard fine-tuning approach, and adversarial training method, yet with 22% less training time.