jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Teaching and research experiences from third year undergraduate students in Nutrition

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: Cuban higher education prioritizes the development of mother tongue among students. Sometimes cognitive deficiencies and lack of language skills can be perceived in expressing themselves.\nObjective: to explain teaching and research experiences linked to the development of mother tongue, based on the "Ortografía Gramática" for third year students studying Bachelor's Degree in Nutrition.\nMethods: a qualitative study was carried out in the Tecnology and Nursing Faculty at the University of Medical Sciences of Villa Clara, from September to November 2019. In the same way that pedagogical methods and procedures were used in the program delivery, theoretical methods were also used: analysis-synthesis and induction-deduction methods to collect, process and analyze the information. Documentary review - a basic empirical method - speech analysis and the mathematical method favoured we draw valid conclusions.\nResults: diagnostic tests resulted in searching for the cognitive state and students' orthographic, grammatical and writing skills taking as reference papers written by them; the program was taught by using exploratory techniques that became into positive experiences since the final results proved its successful application even though the program was taught in a very short time.\nConclusions: pedagogical experience brought students to consciously engage in a process through which they could systematize the almost lost mother tongue skills, and they learned and consolidated content using an updated and appropriate bibliography according to their shortcomings and the program needs.
[Experimental investigations on cartilage regeneration from perichondrium].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Cartilage regeneration was histologically evaluated in the pedicle thyroid perichondrial flaps bridging between the thyroid and the cricoid of 13 dogs. The result showed that the new cartilage presented mainly at the part of the pedicle end of the flap but disappeared gradually at middle part of the flap, and was replaced gradually by fibrosis from the pedicle end to the free end of the flap. It seemed that the perichondrial flap processed potential but limited capability of cartilage regeneration.
Effect of cancer risk caused by the pollutant exposure from indoor dust

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The main aim of this study is to investigate the cancer risks of indoor dust exposure. There are also the additional goals of identifying and quantifying the concentration of pollutants which contribute to its carcinogenic properties. This is done by extracting pollutants with various solvents of increasing polarity, then to subject the processed extracts to the Ames reversal assay and to measurements determining the concentrations of the pollutants. Overall, it was found that exposure to household dust does carry carcinogenic risks. Tests with the Ames MPF reversal assay have shown that there are risks of cancer, even more so when done with the inclusion of the S9 fraction (of rat liver extract). A large number of compounds were detected in the 16 samples of household dust, including BPA and a number of PAHs known to be carcinogens. While the concentrations of BPA and its related analogues were much higher than the concentrations of the PAHs, it was found that the mutagenicity of the household dust extracts have a much higher correlation to the total concentrations of PAHs. There were attempts to measure the concentrations of heavy metals as well, but the method of extraction may have left most of them behind.
Correlation of the Sediment Properties and Erosion in Francis Hydro Turbine Runner

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Sediment erosion is the main problem for the hydropower situated in South Asia and South America. Due to sediment erosion, hydropower in those areas cannot operate in their full potential. Sediment erosion is a significant problem in turbomachinery and associated with degradation of turbine performance. The sediment erosion removes the turbine material from its surface. It can cause fracture of the turbine, which leads to an economic loss. In this paper, the sediment properties and its influence on erosion have discussed. Sediment properties like shape, size, and concentration have a direct influence on erosion. The numerical analysis was conducted to visualize the erosion in Francis hydro turbine. The most vulnerable area for the sediment erosion in Francis hydro turbine has predicted. The precise prediction of the sediment erosion in the turbine is the difficult task due to the synergetic effect of sediment parameters (shape, size, concentration, hardness, velocity). The accurate and precise indication of the sediment erosion required both experimental and computational analysis. In this study, solid-fluid computational analysis has done to identify the susceptible area on runner blade and influence of sediment parameters on erosion.
Pharmacological characterisation of extracts of coffee dusts.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The contractile or relaxant activities or both of aqueous extracts of green and roasted coffees were assayed on isolated guinea pig tracheal spirals. Contractile and relaxant activities were compared with histamine and theophylline, respectively. Green coffee extracts induced concentration dependent contraction, but the maximal tension never exceeded 76.3% +/- 5.2 of a maximal histamine contraction (0.69 +/- 0.07 g/mm2 v 0.52 +/- 0.05 g/mm2; p (0.01). One gram of green coffee dust had a biological activity equivalent to 1.23 +/- 0.1 mg of histamine. The pD2 value of histamine was -5.17 +/- 0.05. The potency of green coffee was unaffected by mepyramine maleate (1 micrograms/ml, final bath concentration) while that of histamine was reduced 500 fold. Tissues contracted with histamine were not significantly relaxed by green coffee extracts. By contrast, roasted coffee extracts induced concentration dependent relaxation of uncontracted and histamine contracted tissues. Tissues contracted with green coffee extracts were also completely relaxed by roasted coffee extracts. The pD2 value of theophylline was -4.10 +/- 0.03. The relaxant activity of 1 g of roasted coffee was equivalent to 1.95 +/- 0.16 mg of theophylline. The potency of these extracts was significantly reduced after propranolol (1 micrograms/ml; dose ratio 1.56). Our results show that coffee dust extracts have considerable biological activity which changes from a contractile to a relaxant action as a consequence of processing. The greater incidence of adverse reactions to green coffee dust(s) in coffee workers may be related to the contractile activity present in green coffee dust.
Objective Perceptual Video Quality Prediction Using Spatial and Temporal Information Differences

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, objective perceptual video quality models are proposed that use spatial and temporal perceptual information differences for predicting video quality as perceived by human observers. Spatial perceptual information characterizes the complexity and temporal perceptual information quantifies the motion contained in a video. As such, differences in the spatial and temporal perceptual information of a reference video (original) and test video (processed) may be used to predict quality of videos that have undergone encoding, transmission, or other processing. In particular, several video quality prediction functions are derived using curve fitting along with training and validation on data from a publicly available annotated database. The obtained functions provide predicted mean opinion scores as a measure of perceptual quality subject to spatial and temporal perceptual information differences. The analysis of the video quality prediction performance of the proposed models shows that differences in spatial and temporal perceptual information can be used for objective video quality prediction.
A novel application of the lotus petal flap in high-risk perineal urethrostomy: principles and outcomes

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Perineal urethrostomy is a valuable technique in the management of complex anterior urethral strictures, as well as following penectomy or urethrectomy. Traditional techniques that employ perineal or scrotal skin flaps have documented failure rates of up to 30 per cent. Current techniques for salvage have only modest success, leaving patients few options other than permanent suprapubic catheter or cystectomy and ileal conduit formation. Results: We present a new method of perineal urethrostomy using perforator-based lotus petal flaps in cases which were high risk or unsuitable for traditional perineal urethrostomy techniques, or where traditional strategies had failed. All patients demonstrated continent voiding at a minimum of 22 months follow-up, with patency confirmed by flexible cystoscopy. No complications were encountered.**Conclusion**: Utilisation of lotus petal flaps in high-risk cases of perineal urethrostomy will lead to significant improvements in patient outcomes. The availability of larger amounts of soft tissue coverage will obviate the need for compromise on either resection of involved urethra, or calibre and inset of urethrostomy. This will subsequently minimise the rates of failure, reduce the requirement for urinary diversion procedures and lead to improved quality of life.
The dynamics of maize production in the climate factors variability conditions

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Corn has always been the basic culture of the Romanian peasant. It has extensive uses in human nutrition, in animal feed, in industry, and as a product for export activities. For these reasons, maize occupies more than one third of the country's arable land. Maize is a cereal crop with multiple and distinctive phyto-techical and biological peculiarities, of which we mention: it resists well drought and heat; has few diseases and few pests; can be grown on very different lands and under different climatic conditions; supports monoculture; being a sowing plant, leaves the weeds clean; is a good precursor for many plants; makes good use of organic and mineral fertilizers; reacts very strongly to the application of irrigation; can be sown for fodder and even for the second crop; has a very high multiplication factor; allows convenient production of highly productive hybrids and adapts to cultivation areas, etc. The research aims to analyze the evolution of the production of corn crops during 2007-2017 in correlation with the multi-annual fluctuation of the average air temperature, as well as the annual average rainfall, which reveals significant variability from one year to the next, the trend of evolution evoking an ascending trend from the point of view of the thermal resources compared to the hydric ones. It results that, at the level of the agricultural territory of our country, the natural thermal potential is richer than the water one, the limiting factor with negative effects on the field crop productivity being rainfall water. Productivity of crops shows fluctuations from one year to another, being significantly influenced by the variability of climatic conditions and, in particular, the production of extreme climatic events.
THE BUILDING OF FORECASTS INTERVALS

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

In this paper I built forecasts intervals for the inflation rate in Romania, using the quarterly predicted values provided by the National Bank of Romania for 2007-2010. First, I used the historical errors method, which is the most used method, especially by the central banks. Forecast intervals were built considering that the forecast error series is normally distributed of zero mean and standard deviation equal to the RMSE (root mean squared error) corresponding to historical forecast errors. I introduced as a measure of economic state the indicator d-relativevariance of the phenomenon at a specific time in relation with the variance on the entire time horizon Then, I calculated the relative volatility in order to know the change that must be brought to the root mean squared error in order to take into account the state of economy. Finally, I proposed a new way of building forecasts intervals, when the date series follows an autoregressive process of order 1. In this case the length of forecasts interval is smaller and I got a slightly higher relative variance. I consider really necessary the building of forecasts intervals, in order to have a measure of predictions uncertainty, which is quantified by the National Bank of Romania using the prediction intervals based on a simple methodology. I calculated the forecasts intervals using MAE (mean absolute error), the indicator chose by National Bank of Romania and the MSE (mean squared error) indicator.
Zooplankton as live food for fry and fingerlings of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and catfish (Clarias gariepinus) in concrete ponds.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Many fish and crustacean larvae and fingerlings require live food at the onset of exogenous feeding. This experiment has been conducted to evaluate of zooplankton as live food for fry and fingerlings of Nile Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus and Catfish Cla ias ga iepinus. 24 concrete ponds were used at Central Laboratory for Aquaculture Research (CLAR) AbbassaSharkia GovernorateEgypt. The experimental period was about 140 days. The pH, nitrogen compound, water transparency, dissolved oxygen and chlorophyll a were significantly increased in ponds of artificial feed than those of zooplankton live food. The temperature did not differ significantly between different food types in all ponds. The using of zooplankton as live food for fish improved the quality of fish. The results indicated that the using of zooplankton as live food for fry fish species was significantly increase in growth performance than fingerlings. Also, the growth performance of catfish was significantly increased than Nile tilapia. Also, the fed by zooplankton was enough for fry and fingerlings to achieve suitable growth more than artificial feed. The detritus increased significantly in case of fish species fed with artificial feed treatments, while, zooplankton increased significantly in zooplankton live food treatments. r r
LHD 5p5L-AL01-NF #182767.1

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The plasma monitor cameras are installed in 6-T, 6-O and 10-O ports for monitoring LHD plasmas. Five cameras are set in 3-O port for observing the lower divertor structure near 2.5-L port and the plasma-wall interactions on the divertor plates.
Improving pharmaceutical care for athletes

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Pharmacists often overlook athletes as patients who might benefit from trusted pharmaceutical advice.Many athletes are strongly motivated to seek techniques or substances to optimize performance.Any strategy to increase performance, from anabolic steroids to visualization techniques, can be referred to as an ergogenic aid. 1,2Most pertinent to pharmacists are the regulated pharmaceutical ergogenic aids, such as natural health products (NHPs) or supplements. 1A recent survey of college athletes indicated that 42% had used supplements within the previous year. 2With high use, pharmaceutical support is required.Ample misinformation surrounds NHPs and supplements.Product marketing overemphasizes the benefits and minimizes the shortcomings.However, athletes continue to financially fuel the industry, hoping that marketing claims are factual.When selecting supplements, athletes often place high value on testimonial evidence.As pharmacists-grounded in evidence-an opportunity exists to improve care.As Peter J. Ambrose, Doping Control Officer of the Sydney and Beijing Olympics, states, "Pharmacists are primed to recommend products supported by efficacy and safety data while considering an athlete's specific needs." 3 Accompanying this opportunity is notable demand from athletes.In the United States, one study showed that over 1000 drug or NHP inquiries were made to the National Collegiate Athletic Association each month between July 2009 and June 2010.
How does patients' quality of life guide their preferences regarding aspects of asthma therapy?: a patient-preference study using discrete-choice experiment methodology.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Patients who reported higher HR-QOL were willing to pay more to avoid days with symptoms and asthma attacks that required visits to their doctor/ER. Hypotheses were explored to explain this effect. It is possible that people with the least impairment of HR-QOL place the greatest value on avoiding the effects of asthma and so are most willing to alter their behavior. People with the worst HR-QOL may be exhibiting a response shift type of effect whereby their internal values are shifted down by the burden of their disease. These findings may help to illuminate why there are differences in asthma treatment adherence.
COVID-19 and Diabetes

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most common comorbid conditions in persons with COVID-19 and a risk factor for poor prognosis. The reasons why COVID-19 is more severe in persons with DM are currently unknown although the scarce data available on patients with DM hospitalized because of COVID-19 show that glycemic control is inadequate. The fact that patients with COVID-19 are usually cared for by health professionals with limited experience in the management of diabetes and the need to prevent exposure to the virus may also be obstacles to glycemic control in patients with COVID-19. Effective clinical care should consider various aspects, including screening for the disease in at-risk persons, education, and monitoring of control and complications. We examine the effect of COVID-19 on DM in terms of glycemic control and the restrictions arising from the pandemic and assess management of diabetes and drug therapy in various scenarios, taking into account factors such as physical exercise, diet, blood glucose monitoring, and pharmacological treatment. Specific attention is given to patients who have been admitted to hospital and critically ill patients. Finally, we consider the role of telemedicine in the management of DM patients with COVID-19 during the pandemic and in the future.
S3004 The Fear of Obese Man: A Case of Gastrocolic Fistula Following Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

INTRODUCTION: Fistula formations have been widely reported as a complication of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). We present a rare case of gastrocolic fistula 7 years following RYGB. CASE DESCRIPTION/METHODS: 56-year-old male with a past medical history of morbid obesity status post RYGB 7 years ago presented with nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. He initially presented to his gastroenterologist who performed an esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) and found multiple ulcers around his gastrojejunostomy site and jejunum. The biopsies of the ulcers revealed chronic inflammation. He was treated with proton pump inhibitor and sucralfate and was advised to avoid nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and caffeine. His symptoms improved and a repeat EGD demonstrated resolution of ulcers, however, he continued to have persistent diarrhea. Subsequently, an upper gastrointestinal series was performed, which demonstrated gastrojejunostomy with gastrojejuno-colonic fistula originating just distal to the anastomosis (Figure 1). An EGD was performed to further evaluate the fistula and revealed a large gastrocolic fistula at the Roux-en-Y anastomosis site (Figure 2). The fistula was intubated and showed feculent material from the transverse colon (Figure 3). Given these findings, general surgery and bariatric surgery were consulted. A decision was made to proceed with laparoscopic reversal of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, partial transverse colectomy, partial gastrectomy, and partial small bowel resection. The pathology of the gastrojejunostomy and gastrocolic fistula specimens revealed chronic fibrosis and vascular congestion without any mucosal lesions. He tolerated the surgery without any complications and was able to return to normal diet. DISCUSSION: Fistulous complications occur up to 6% among patients who undergo Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgeries. Gastro-gastro fistula are the most common fistulous complication, occurring in 3% of the patients, and gastrocolic fistulas occur rarely at the incidence rate of 0.5%. These fistulas frequently arise from an ulcer at the site of anastomosis, and patients present with complaints of nausea, fecal vomiting, and diarrhea. Surgical management is the definitive treatment. Our case highlights that despite endoscopically proven resolution of ulcers, fistulous complications in Roux-en-Y gastric bypass patients can still occur. It is imperative that clinicians take multi-disciplinary approach to this rare but critical complications of the bariatric surgery.Figure 1.: Upper gastrointestinal series showing gastrocolic fistula (white arrows).Figure 2.: A large gastrocolic fistula with feculent materials on EGD.Figure 3.: Transverse colon visualized.
Do You See What I See? Diversity in Human Color Perception

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

In our tendency to discuss the objective properties of the external world, we may fail to notice that our subjective perceptions of those properties differ between individuals. Variability at all levels of the color vision system creates diversity in color perception, from discrimination to color matching, appearance, and subjective experience, such that each of us lives in a unique perceptual world. In this review, I discuss what is known about individual differences in color perception and its determinants, particularly considering genetically mediated variability in cone photopigments and the paradoxical effects of visual environments in both contributing to and counteracting individual differences. I make the case that, as well as being of interest in their own right and crucial for a complete account of color vision, individual differences can be used as a methodological tool in color science for the insights that they offer about the underlying mechanisms of perception.
Influence of contact parameters in fretting-fatigue contact 3D problems

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A numerical study on the influence of contact parameters on fretting fatigue behavior is carried out by using a new method SFEM (Stretching Finite Element Method) is presented in this article. Several parameters are made to vary: geometric shapes of the mesh, materials and contact parameters. The three-dimensional parametric model is composed by specimen and a pad in full contact. A Fortran Code is used to generate the parametric mesh. The stress intensity factors are calculated by varying the above contact parameters and the stress intensity factor under modes I, II and III are computed..