jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Design and Analysis of Seroefficacy Studies for Typhoid Conjugate Vaccines

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Demonstrating the efficacy of new Vi-conjugate typhoid vaccines is challenging, due to the cost of field trials requiring tens of thousands of participants. New trial designs that use serologically defined typhoid infections (seroefficacy trials) rather than blood culture positivity as a study endpoint may be useful to assess efficacy using small trials. Methods We developed a model for Vi–immunoglobin G antibody responses to a Vi-vaccine, incorporating decay over time and natural boosting due to endemic exposures. From this, we simulated clinical trials in which 2 blood samples were taken during follow-up and the relative risk of a serologically defined typhoid infection (seroefficacy) was computed. We aimed to determine (1) whether seroefficacy trial designs could substantially reduce sample sizes, compared with trials using blood culture–confirmed cases; (3) whether the rate of case detection was higher in seroefficacy trials; and (3) the optimal timing of sample collection. Results The majority (&gt;90%) of blood culture–positive typhoid cases remain unobserved in surveillance studies. In contrast, under-detection in simulated seroefficacy trials of equivalent vaccines was as little as 26%, and estimates of the relative risk of typhoid infection were unbiased. For simulated trials of non-equivalent vaccines, relative risks were slightly inflated by at least 5%, depending on the sample collection times. Seroefficacy trials required as few as 460 participants per arm, compared with 10 000 per arm for trials using blood culture–confirmed cases. Conclusions Seroefficacy trials can establish the efficacy of new conjugate vaccines using small trials that enroll hundreds rather than thousands of participants, and without the need for resource-intensive typhoid fever surveillance programs.
The effects of immunosuppressants on FAS-mediated activation-induced cell death in human T lymphocytes

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract The effects of cyclosporin A (CsA) and methylprednisolone (MP) on Fas-mediated activation-induced cell death (FMAICD) of T lymphocytes were examined. T lymphocytes were activated with the immobilized anti-CD 3 and CD 28 monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) (activation phase) and incubated further with the agonistic MoAb against Fas (death phase). Cell proliferation and DNA fragmentation were measured by XTT and diphenylamine assay. CsA in the activation phase inhibited DNA fragmentation mediated by anti-Fas MoAb but not MP. The combination of CsA and MP at the lower concentrations had little effect on FMAICD, although they had similar degrees of suppression on T lymphocyte proliferation as the maximum obtained by CsA or MP alone. In the death phase, MP induced apoptosis without 7C11 and CsA had no effects. These results indicate that the combination of CsA and MP at low concentrations could maintain FMAICD with the suppression on T lymphocyte proliferation.
ATG5-mediated keratinocyte ferroptosis promotes M1 polarization of macrophages to aggravate UVB-induced skin inflammation

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Autophagy participates in the regulation of ferroptosis. Among numerous autophagy-related genes (ATGs), ATG5 plays a pivotal role in ferroptosis. However, how ATG5-mediated ferroptosis functions in UVB-induced skin inflammation is still unclear. In this study, we confirm that the core ferroptosis inhibitor GPX4 is significantly decreased in human skin tissue exposed to sunlight. We report that ATG5 deletion in mouse keratinocytes strongly protects against UVB-induced keratinocyte ferroptosis and skin inflammation. Mechanistically, ATG5 promotes the autophagy-dependent degradation of GPX4 in UVB-exposed keratinocytes, which leads to UVB-induced keratinocyte ferroptosis. Furthermore, we find that IFN-γ secreted by ferroptotic keratinocytes facilitates the M1 polarization of macrophages, which results in the exacerbation of UVB-induced skin inflammation. Together, our data indicate that ATG5 exacerbates UVB-induced keratinocyte ferroptosis in the epidermis, which subsequently gives rise to the secretion of IFN-γ and M1 polarization. Our study provides novel evidence that targeting ATG5 may serve as a potential therapeutic strategy for the amelioration of UVB-caused skin damage.
Ca2+ transient‐dependent changes in embryonic myocyte proteins during myofibrillogenesis a proteomic analysis

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Ca2+ transients regulate myofibrillogenesis, probably by mediating protein expression and phosphorylation changes. In the present study, Ca+2 transients in developing Xenopus embryos were blocked by ryanodine. A proteomic analysis was conducted by running a series of 2D gels using sequential extraction procedures of increasing stringency which included 1) osmotic lysis, 2) 1% TX‐100, and 3) O Farell s buffer. 2D gels produced from the sequential extracts resulted in spot patterns of manageable complexity. Spots of interest were excised and identified by mass spectrometry (MS). The majority of cytosolic and un‐incorporated sarcomeric proteins were resolved in extracts 1 and 2. Myosin RLC (MLC2f) and ELC (MLC1f/3f), as well as other less soluble sarcomeric proteins, were resolved using extract 3. Several spot pairs in each extract show significant ryanodine‐sensitive pI shifts, which are consistent with differences in phosphorylation state. One pair of particular interest was identified as MLC3f, a myosin essential light chain known to be an early marker of somitic muscle differentiation in Xenopus laevis embryo. Our results suggest that MLC3f is phosphorylated in controls but not in ryanodine treated embryos. To our knowledge this is the first study to show specific phosphorylation of the essential light chains of myosin. In order to extend and verify these results, a complimentary approach based on fluorescence 2D differential gel electrophoresis (DIGE) was also conducted. To verify that spot shifts are due to Ca+2 transient‐mediated phosphorylation and identify the specific residue(s), phosphopetides from spots of interest will be isolated by immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC) and analyzed by MS.
Algorithms for Büchi Games

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The classical algorithm for solving Büchi games requires time $O(n\cdot m)$ for game graphs with $n$ states and $m$ edges. For game graphs with constant outdegree, the best known algorithm has running time $O(n^2/\log n)$. We present two new algorithms for Büchi games. First, we give an algorithm that performs at most $O(m)$ more work than the classical algorithm, but runs in time O(n) on infinitely many graphs of constant outdegree on which the classical algorithm requires time $O(n^2)$. Second, we give an algorithm with running time $O(n\cdot m\cdot\logδ(n)/\log n)$, where $1\leδ(n)\le n$ is the outdegree of the game graph. Note that this algorithm performs asymptotically better than the classical algorithm if $δ(n)=O(\log n)$.
2:1 Complexes of anilines with tellurium tetrachloride. Synthesis of amino-substituted diphenyl tellurides

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT2:1 Complexes of anilines with tellurium tetrachloride. Synthesis of amino-substituted diphenyl telluridesLars Engman and Joachim PerssonCite this: Organometallics 1993, 12, 4, 1068–1072Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/om00028a022https://doi.org/10.1021/om00028a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views229Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Is there any interaction effects of students’ gender and mathematical disposition towards learning achievement?

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract Mathematics learning achievement is affected by external and internal factors. External factors include the environment and teachers, while one of the internal factors is the student’s gender. However, the research findings of gender difference effects on learning achievement showed varied results. It indicates that there might be other factors which have important effects on gender differences towards learning achievement, such as mathematical disposition. The aim of this quantitative study is to describe the interaction effects between students’ gender and mathematical disposition towards learning achievement. Participants consisted of 200 high school students. Data were obtained using a questionnaire on a Likert scale and the score of the daily test result. Furthermore, the data were analysed using Two-way ANOVA. Findings revealed that there is no interaction effect between the two variables towards learning achievement. As an individually separated factor, mathematical disposition does have an effect on students’ learning achievement, but, is not the case with students’ gender. Results and recommendations are further discussed in this paper.
How to reconcile operator and manufacturer risk control points of view during the construction of a transport system

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

In a project of building a transport system, the risk control part is a key element of the system in front of the requirements of the authorities which have to deliver the licence to operate to the appointed operator.This proof to supply relies mainly on two aspects: The designed, built, tested system is in compliance with the requirements specified by the client. The operator set up the organization, the skills and the documentation which allow it to master the system operation, to maintain it at its nominal level of functioning and to assure the expected safety level from day to day and for the duration of the contract.How to reconcile these two visions which integrates all the requirements of integration, use and durability from the beginning of the project in order to present to the Railways Authorities a coherent transport system?
Charged condensation

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We consider Bose-Einstein condensation of massive electrically charged scalars in a uniform background of charged fermions. We focus on the case when the scalar condensate screens the background charge, while the net charge of the system resides on its boundary surface. A distinctive signature of this substance is that the photon acquires a Lorentz-violating mass in the bulk of the condensate. Due to this mass, the transverse and longitudinal gauge modes propagate with different group velocities. We give qualitative arguments that at high enough densities and low temperatures a charged system of electrons and helium-4 nuclei, if held together by laboratory devices or by force of gravity, can form such a substance. We briefly discuss possible manifestations of the charged condensate in compact astrophysical objects.
High Gain Bi-Doped Fiber Amplifier Operating in the O-Band with a Broad Bandwidth

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The Bi-doped fiber (BDF) was fabricated by the modified chemical vapor deposition (MCVD) technology. The integrated MCVD preparation process ensures low impurities in BDF and efficient formation activation of bismuth active center-phosphorus (BAC-P). In an optical amplification system with single 1240 nm pump double pass, the gain characteristics under different input signal and pump powers was studied. At 1325 nm wavelength, it achieved 41.1 and 40.5 dB when the signal power was -30 and -23 dBm, respectively. When the input signal power was -30 dBm, the bandwidth range of gain above 20 dB was from 1290 - 1365 nm (75 nm), which includes most of the O-band and a small portion of the E-band.
Short Score Certificates for Upset Tournaments

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

A score certificate for a tournament, $T$, is a collection of arcs of $T$ which can be uniquely completed to a tournament with the same score-list as $T$'s, and the score certificate number of $T$ is the least number of arcs in a score certificate of $T$. Upper bounds on the score certificate number of upset tournaments are derived. The upset tournaments on $n$ vertices are in one–to–one correspondence with the ordered partitions of $n-3$, and are "almost" transitive tournaments. For each upset tournament on $n$ vertices a general construction of a score certificate with at most $2n-3$ arcs is given. Also, for the upset tournament, $T_{\lambda}$, corresponding to the ordered partition $\lambda$, a score certificate with at most $n+2k+3$ arcs is constructed, where $k$ is the number of parts of $\lambda$ of size at least 2. Lower bounds on the score certificate number of $T_{\lambda}$ in the case that each part is sufficiently large are derived. In particular, the score certificate number of the so-called nearly transitive tournament on $n$ vertices is shown to be $n+3$, for $n\geq 10$.
Effects of H2O, CO2, and N2 Air Contaminants on Critical Airside Strain Rates for Extinction of Hydrogen-Air Counterflow Diffusion Flames

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Coaxial tubular opposed jet burners (OJB) were used to form dish shaped counterflow diffusion flames (CFDF), centered by opposing laminar jets of H2, N2 and both clean and contaminated air (O2/N2 mixtures) in an argon bath at 1 atm. Jet velocities for flame extinction and restoration limits are shown versus wide ranges of contaminant and O2 concentrations in the air jet, and also input H2 concentration. Blowoff, a sudden breaking of CFDF to a stable ring shape, occurs in highly stretched stagnation flows and is generally believed to measure kinetically limited flame reactivity. Restore, a sudden restoration of central flame, is a relatively new phenomenon which exhibits a H2 dependent hysteresis from Blowoff. For 25 percent O2 air mixtures, mole for mole replacement of 25 percent N2 contaminant by steam increased U(air) or flame strength at Blowoff by about 5 percent. This result is consistent with laminar burning velocity results from analogous substitution of steam for N2 in a premixed stoichiometric H2-O2-N2 (or steam) flame, shown by Koroll and Mulpuru to promote a 10 percent increase in experimental and calculated laminar burning velocity, due to enhanced third body efficiency of water in: H + O2 + M yields HO2 + M. When the OJB results were compared with Liu and MacFarlane's experimental laminar burning velocity of premixed stoichiometric H2 + air + steam, a crossover occurred, i.e., steam enhanced OJB flame strength at extinction relative to laminar burning velocity.
Dataset related on article "Generation of two human iPSC lines, FINCBi002-A and FINCBi003-A, carrying heteroplasmic macrodeletion of mitochondrial DNA causing Pearson's syndrome

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Dataset contains: - Sanger sequencing data: 4 files (ABI format chromatogram) - 2 files (pdf) of CGH array experiments
Ninety-day mortality after total knee and hip arthroplasties in Hong Kong

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

INTRODUCTION: Total knee (TKA) and hip (THA) arthroplasties are highly successful and cost-effective orthopaedic procedures. Nevertheless, the surgical operation itself poses a risk and may even result in death of the patient. The 90-day mortality rate after TKR and THA was reported to be approximately 0.1-0.8% in the western literature. This study aimed to review the 90-day mortality rate and causes after TKA and THA in public hospitals Hong Kong. \nMATERIALS AND METHODS: An electronic database in Hospital Authority, Clinical Data Analyses & Reporting System (CDARS), was used to identify patients, who died within ninety days after TKA and THA performed in the period from 2000 to 2011 in public hospitals in Hong Kong, Patients having TKA or THA done because of primary bone malignancies or pathological fractures due to underlying malignancies were excluded from the study. \nRESULTS: There were total 48 mortalities within 90 days after TKA and THA during the study period (Table 1). The overall 90-day mortality rate of TKA and THA was approximately 0.32% (48 of 15046). For TKA patients, the mortality rate was 0.23% (24 of 10740), in which there were 10 female and 14 male, and the mean age of the patient is 71.6 (range : 57-83). For the THR patients, the mortality rate was 0.55% (24 of 4306), in which there were 13 female and 11 male., and the mean age of the patient is 70.8 (range 40-91). \nAmong the pooled mortality data of both TKA and THA groups, the most common causes of mortalities are cardiovascular complications (14 out of 48, 29.2%), chest infection (6 out of 48, 12.5%), and cerebrovascular accident (4 out of 48, 8.3%). \nDISCUSSION & CONCLUSIONS: The 90-day mortality rate is comparable to other centres. Cardiovascular complications are the most common causes of early mortality. Vigilant pre-operative cardiovascular assessment and close peri-operative monitoring are necessary after TKA and THA.
Many-spin effects and tunneling properties of magnetic molecules

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Spin tunneling in molecular magnets has attracted much attention, however theoretical considerations of this phenomenon up to now have not taken into account the many-spin nature of molecular magnets. We present, to our knowledge, the first successful attempt of a realistic calculation of tunneling splittings for Mn12 molecules, thus achieving a quantitatively accurate many-spin description of a real molecular magnet in the energy interval ranging from about 100 K down to 10−12 K. Comparison with the results of the standard single-spin model shows that many-spin effects affect the tunneling splittings considerably. The values of ground state splitting given by single-spin and many-spin models differ from each other by a factor of 5.
Fakeons, microcausality and the classical limit of quantum gravity

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We elaborate on the idea of fake particle and study its physical consequences. When a theory contains fakeons, the true classical limit is determined by the quantization and a subsequent process of ?classicization?. One of the major predictions due to the fake particles is the violation of microcausality, which survives the classical limit. This fact gives hope to detect the violation experimentally. A fakeon of spin two, together with a scalar feld, is able to make quantum gravity renormalizable while preserving unitarity. We claim that the theory of quantum gravity emerging from this construction is the right one. By means of the classicization, we work out the corrections to the feld equations of general relativity. We show that the fnalized equations have, in simple terms, the form F = ma, where F is an average that includes a little bit of ?future?.
E-voting discourses in the UK and the Netherlands

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

A qualitative case study of the e-voting discourses in the UK and the Netherlands was performed based on the theory of strategic niche management. In both countries, eight e-voting experts were interviewed on their expectations, risk estimations, cooperation and learning experiences. The results show that differences in these variables can partly explain the variations in the embedding of e-voting in the two countries, from a qualitative point of view.
sfRawDonorsData2007-Feb.txt.bz2

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Donor information for projects. A .bz2 file of archive/secondary data available as a download from http://downloads.sourceforge.net/ossmole/sfRawDonorsData2007-Feb.txt.bz2. Data collected from SourceForge as raw HTML and parsed into data files by FLOSSmole. Metadata record available at http://flosspapers.org/848.
Interludes and Irony in the Ancestral Narrative

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The strange stories of Hagar, Dinah, and Tamar unsettle the ancestral narrative in Genesis. Whereas the ancestral narrative revolves around the interests of the ancestral family, these stories deviate from the main plot and draw attention to the interests of non- ancestral characters. Interpretation traditionally domesticates the strange stories by focusing on how they may serve the purposes of the embedding ancestral narrative. This thesis, however, revives the question of their strangeness and proposes an original response: the strange stories are interludes that ironize ancestral identity. \n \nThe concepts of interlude and irony lay the methodological groundwork for this thesis. Because scholarship commonly identifies the strange stories as “interludes,” this study innovates a poetics of the interlude. This poetics, which derives from the model of certain musical interludes, suggests that the interlude’s function is to develop primary thematic content. While scholarship conventionally allows the primary narrative to determine the significance of the interlude, this poetics illumines how the interlude may determine aspects of the primary narrative. A hermeneutics of irony, in turn, offers a persuasive account of how an interlude may develop primary thematic material. This study bases its hermeneutics on the idea that irony consists in quoting a prior proposition and implying a negative judgment toward it. When the interludes invoke central ancestral motifs, they may mean something different—even contrary—to what was meant before. \n \nA poetics of the interlude and a hermeneutics of irony drive this study’s close readings of the strange stories. The close readings demonstrate how the interludes ironize key themes of ancestral identity: the ancestral-divine relationship, ancestral relations to the land and its inhabitants, and ancestral self-identity. Each interlude subverts the conventionally exclusive formulation of an ancestral theme and shows that, while ancestral identity may be contained in the ancestral family, it is not contained by it.