jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
An unani insight of dual feel (Lymphatic filariasis)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The word Dual-Feel is word originated from Arabic language, it means, like the leg of an elephant. In Unani system of medicine Dual-Feel is define as swelling of feet and calf, which resembles the leg of an elephant. Lymphatic Filariasis a major public health problem in tropical areas all over the world alternative herbal remedies has been recommended in various medical treatises for the cure of different disease. In this regard there is great opportunity for identifying excellent Unani components or its active principle, particularly in consideration of fact that such substances may provide maximum advantages with cost effectiveness, least side effects. The derangement of balgham and sawda into the human body is cause of the disease the eminent Unani scholar. Zakaria Razi has mentioned that the disease is caused by Black bile (Sawda). Some Unani physicians describe that the disease results due to the abnormality of phlegm (Balgham) and Black bile (Sawda). In the acute stage of the disease the colour of the skin of feet and calf is reddish and gradually according to the chronicity it become black closed to bluish. The aim of this article to describe the complete clinical aspects of lymphatic Filariasis with main emphasis on it causes of diseases and its line of treatment (Usool-e-eIlaj) which described in Unani classical literature.
Demand for Nitrogenous Fertilizers and Fertilizer Price Policy in Pakistan

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

In the Spring 1976 issue of the Pakistan Development Review, Chaudhry and Javed [2] had estimated a demand function for fertilizer in Pakistan. Based on these findings, they make a case for a 20.26 percent per year increase in fertilizer prices. This short note points out some errors in the analysis and raises serious questions relating to the implications drawn by Chaudhry and Javed for the fertilizer price policy in Pakistan. Section I argues that some conclusions drawn in the study are internally inconsistent. Section II points out deficiencies in the derivations of the main conclusions. Section III questions the appropriateness of the fertilizer price policy suggested by Chaudhry and Javed. The final section sums up the main argument of the present study.
The sustained attention to response task: Validation of a non-numerical parallel form

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Many activities in daily life rely on the ability to continuously keep attention on task requirements. Patients with acquired brain injury often suffer from deficits in sustained attention that impact quality of life and complicate rehabilitation. The sustained attention to response task (SART) is a commonly used go/no-go task in the assessment of sustained attention. However, its feasibility for patients with acquired brain injury could be questioned considering deficits in alphanumerical processing following brain damage. We investigated whether a SART with sinusoidal gratings instead of digits can be used to assess sustained attention. The Gratings SART and Digits SART were administered in a random and fixed sequence to 48 cognitively healthy participants. Performance of the neurotypical individuals on the random and fixed Gratings SART was only moderately different from and correlated with performance on the random and fixed Digits SART. As a proof of concept, the SARTs were also administered to 11 cases with acquired brain injury. Performance in the random and fixed variants of both the Gratings SART and Digits SART was sensitive to cognitive impairments of cases with acquired brain injury. In conclusion, the SART with sinusoidal gratings holds promise as a tool to (re-)assess sustained attention in clinical practice. Further research is critical to investigate whether its performance accurately predicts sustained attention in daily life since we failed to find a significant correlation between performance on any of the SARTs and a self-reported measure of sustained attention.
A simple bias dependant LF FET noise model for CAD

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Extensive multi-bias low frequency noise (LFN) measurements were performed on MESFET, HEMT and InP HEMT devices in order to obtain a simple bias dependent LF noise model usable in CAD tools and consistent with small and large signal models and high frequency noise models. The model was experimentally evaluated with a 10 GHz DRO and good correspondence was obtained between the modelled and measured LFN.
Characterization of an Extracellular Protease from the Insect Pathogen Xenorhabdus luminescens

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Xenorhabdus luminescens Hm cultured in gelatin broth produced a single extracellular protease. The protease was purified by a factor of 500 and characterized as a monomeric protein with an approximate molecular weight of 61,000. On the basis of inhibitor studies and its pH optimum, the protease was classified as an alkaline metalloprotease with a pH optimum near 8; the isoelectric point of the enzyme is 4.2 ± 0.2. The protease may be a major factor in the ecology of X. luminescens , which is carried as a symbiom of some parasitic nematodes.
A Preliminary Study on the Effect Evaluation of Electroacupuncture Combined with Balloon Dilation in the Treatment of Dysphagia after Cerebral Infarction

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: Dysphagia is a frequent symptom caused by cerebral infarction. This study investigated the effect evaluation and safety of electroacupuncture combined with balloon dilatation on dysphagia after cerebral infarction. Methods: Totally 100 patients with dysphagia after cerebral infarction were enrolled as study subjects and assigned into the control group (treated with balloon dilatation) and the observation group (treated with electroacupuncture and balloon dilatation), with 50 cases in each group. The general data of participants were recorded. Before or after treatment, swallowing function was assessed by water swallow test, standardized swallowing function assessment (SSA), videofluoroscopic swallow study (VFSS), and functional oral intake scale (FOIS). The cerebral hemodynamics, serological indicators, neurological impairment, quality of life (QOL) score were analyzed. Additionally, the occurrence of complications and adverse reactions after treatment was assessed. Results: There was no significant difference in gender, age, BMI, course of disease, and grade of dysphagia between the two groups. Balloon dilatation alone and electroacupuncture combined with balloon dilatation decreased the water swallow test, SSA, and VFSS scores, increased FOIS score, and improved the swallowing function, cerebral hemodynamic parameters, serological indicators, neurological function and QOL, with the better efficacy in the combined therapy. Moreover, combined therapy had lower incidences of complications and adverse reactions than balloon dilatation therapy alone. Conclusion: Electroacupuncture intervention combined with balloon dilatation therapy ameliorates swallowing function, cerebral hemodynamics, serological indicators, neurological function and QOL, and reduces complications and adverse reactions in dysphagia after cerebral infarction.
Perspectives on geographical profiling in the United Kingdom

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Geographical profiling is a form of crime analysis that can be used to help predict the area within which the home or base of a serial offender resides. Police services globally have incorporated it into their crime analysis capabilities but there remains limited research on how this has been achieved. In this article, we interview 10 geographical profilers working in the field to gather their experiences of the operational use of geographical profiling. Implementation theory is used as the theoretical framework to analyze the interviews. As a result, we identify a field with the potential to add value to criminal investigations, but a lack of knowledge and awareness of frontline officers and staff about the novel capability is affecting its use. In addition, issues relating to technology, tasking acceptance criteria, and methods of data collection create compounding factors serving to potentially reduce its contribution. We provide recommendations to address them including greater levels of training, a loosening of theoretical constraints, academic collaboration, and embracing free-to-access technology and heuristic methods as potential ways to improve the application.
Structural investigation of thin films and multilayers using X-ray scattering

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

A non-destructive characterization of the structure in nanostructured thin films and multilayers is an area of significant importance. In this context the grazing incidence X-ray scattering (GIXS) technique has become a powerful tool. In the present paper the various parameters that define the structure in thin films and multialyers are discussed together with their origin. The GIXS theory relevant to determining these parameters is then discussed in brief. The applicability of the GIXS technique to various materials is clearly demonstrated through examples ranging from Pt-BN composite thin films to Ni-Nb/C multilayers to organic multilayers made from Cd-arachidate and Zn-arachidate (metal substituted fatty acid salts). The structural parameters of these thin films and multilayers were determined using GIXS irrespective of their nature inorganic or organic, indicating the suitability of this method for 3-dimensional structural characterization.
Influence of the Topological Structures of the Nose of High-Speed Maglev Train on Aerodynamic Performances

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract In the past few years, considerable attention has been paid to high-speed maglev train in the field of rail transit. The design speed of the high-speed maglev train is 600km/h, which is significantly higher than that of the high-speed train. With the increase in operating speed, high-speed maglev trains have higher requirements for aerodynamic shape. Superior performance, the beautiful aerodynamic shape is an important direction for the development of high-speed maglev trains. Based on the Vehicle Modeling Function (VMF) method, the current research has developed a parametric shape design method suitable for the aerodynamic shape of the maglev train’s nose. This method can obtain different topological structures of the high-speed maglev train’s nose. The current research uses this method to generate four maglev train noses with large appearance differences and uses these train noses to construct four simplified high-speed maglev models. Then this study numerically analyzes the flow fields of different train models and compares the differences in aerodynamic performance including aerodynamic drag, aerodynamic lift and wake characteristics. The Q-criterion is used to study the vortex structure and mechanism of different train wake regions, and the vortex propagation process is studied by turbulence kinetic energy (TKE). Studying the difference in the aerodynamic force of different topological shapes will help to improve the aerodynamic performance of high-speed maglev trains.
A consensual qualitative research analysis of the experience of inmate hospice caregivers: Posttraumatic growth while incarcerated

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

A growing number of correctional facilities train inmates to provide end-of-life care for dying inmates. This study explores the phenomenological perspective of inmate-caregivers participating in an inmate-facilitated hospice program (IFHP) with regard to meaning and purpose in life, attitudes on death and dying, and perceived personal impact of participation. Twenty-two inmate-caregivers were interviewed at a maximum-security state correctional facility in the United States. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using the Consensual Qualitative Research Methodology. Results suggest that participating in an IFHP may facilitate personal growth and transformation that mirrors the tenets of posttraumatic growth.
C/Sn/RGO Nanocomposites as Higher Initial Coulombic Efficiency Anode for Sodium‐Ion Batteries

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Theoretically, metal Sn owns higher initial coulombic efficiency than SnO 2 in the sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs). Metal Sn is commonly obtained by the thermal reduction of SnO 2 at present. However, the uncontrollable growth of metal Sn particles during the reduction progress is a key challenge. In this work, a composite material of refined metal Sn particles (particle size about 20∼200 nm) and carbon buffer medium has been prepared by a novel method, which is simple thermal reduction adopted after the treatment of SnO 2 /RGO in the pitch kerosene solution. The results show that this method overcomes the uncontrollable growth of metal Sn particles. Electrochemical tests show that C/Sn/RGO possesses a higher initial reversible capacity of 476.2 mAh g −1 , and a higher initial coulombic efficiency of 70.3%. This method would have wider applications for the attractive properties of Na‐ion batteries in the future.
A technique for promoting robust free recall in chronic organic amnesia

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

A learning technique was developed for chronically amnesic subjects which linked word-list items in a novel manner utilizing ridiculously-imaged-stories (RIS). By the 8th week of once-weekly 45 minute training sessions with RIS the five amnesic subjects were able to freely recall an average of 14 items from a 20-item list after a 1-week interval, but showed minimal recall after the same interval of another 20-word list that had been concurrently learned in a cued, modified free-recall condition. The effective RIS technique producing this robust recall combines stimuli embedded in a novel-arousing context with high-imagery, storyline, cuing, and spaced repetition. The net effect of this technique is interpreted as providing artificial "chunks" that can be encoded and transferred relatively normally into long-term memory.
Networking by small-molecule hormones in plant immunity

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Plants live in complex environments in which they intimately interact with a broad range of microbial pathogens with different lifestyles and infection strategies. The evolutionary arms race between plants and their attackers provided plants with a highly \nsophisticated defense system that, like the animal innate immune system, recognizes pathogen molecules and responds by activating specific defenses that are directed against the invader. Recent advances in plant immunity research have provided exciting new insights into the underlying defense signaling network. Diverse small-molecule hormones play pivotal roles in the regulation of this network. Their signaling pathways cross-communicate in an antagonistic or synergistic manner, providing the plant with a powerful capacity to finely regulate its immune response. Pathogens, on the other hand, can manipulate the plant’s defense signaling network for their own benefit by affecting phytohormone homeostasis to antagonize the host immune response.
Eletrobras sale will not ease Brazil electricity costs

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Significance After years of negotiations, the deal to privatise Brazil’s largest power producer was finally completed. Despite pressure from liberal Economy Minister Paulo Guedes, the first major privatisation only happened in the final year of President Jair Bolsonaro’s administration. Impacts Investment in electricity infrastructure is still likely to fall well below estimated requirements over the next decade. Bolsonaro is likely to emphasise other privatisation plans during the presidential election campaign. The privatisation is likely to stand but new energy regulations may emerge if there is a change of government.
A human needs approach to revealing nature's benefits for visitors to the coast

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The positive influence on psychological well‐being of interactions in nature appears to be particularly important in understanding the profound connections that people have with natural environments. Such influences have been recorded as being associated with increases in self‐esteem, feelings of rejuvenation and renewal as well as stress reduction. To a large extent, these understandings have been garnered through laboratory experiments to elicit preferences for different environments, frequently comparing contrasting scenes such as urban and rural. This paper aims to describe and evaluate a methodology for assessing and measuring, in‐situ, how interactions at the coast contribute to a range of dimensions associated with psychological well‐being. It describes the development and the empirical testing of this methodology, which is based on the premise that certain human needs can be satisfied through interactions in nature that positively influence psychological well‐being. Specifically, indicators of human needs were incorporated into a survey using a Likert scale to capture the extent to which needs were satisfied in two case‐study locations along the Jurassic Coast, Dorset. Based on the results of this study, it is concluded that this approach has merit as a methodology for determining the multiple ways in which psychological well‐being is influenced as a result of a specific visit to a unique setting and one that can be replicated for use in different environmental location.
A Productive Monopoly: The Effect of Railroad Control on New England Coastal Steamship Lines, 1870–1916. By William Leonhard Taylor. Providence: Brown University Press, 1970. Pp. xvi, 323. $10.00.

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

A Productive Monopoly: The Effect of Railroad Control on New England Coastal Steamship Lines, 1870–1916. By William Leonhard Taylor. Providence: Brown University Press, 1970. Pp. xvi, 323. $10.00. - Volume 33 Issue 3
Serious postoperative cardiovascular and respiratory complications in obstructive sleep apnea patients: matched cohort analysis of clinical and administrative data

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Problem: The risk of serious postoperative cardiovascular and respiratory complications (SPCRCs) in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is poorly defined. Methods: In this cohort study (n = 21221), patients with clinically diagnosed OSA were matched to controls without OSA to compare the risk of postoperative death and SPCRCs in an administrative database. Results: Compared to non-OSA controls, OSA patients were at increased risk of postoperative respiratory failure both before and after diagnosis with OSA. Prior to diagnosis, OSA patients, particularly those with severe OSA, were also at increased risk of cardiac arrest and SPCRCs . After diagnosis with OSA, except for postoperative respiratory failure, the risk of SPCRC’s was not different from controls. Also, the risk of postoperative death among OSA patients after diagnosis was not different from controls. Other important predictors of SPCRCs and death included admission in an intensive care unit at the time of surgery, a history of congestive heart failure, a higher Charlson comorbidity index score and the type of surgery. Conclusions: OSA was associated with an increased risk of SPCRCs, especially prior to diagnosis and in severe disease. This suggests that screening for and treating OSA in preoperative patients would reduce the risk of SPCRCs. However, the significant influences of the type of surgery and the presence of medical comorbidities on the risks of SPCRCs and death, regardless of the presence of OSA, must be considered in planning efficient and equitable interventions to reduce these risks.
An Efficient Approach Technique for Dynamical Infrared/Visible Images Fusion

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we present a novel approach for a real time dynamical infrared/visible images fusion. The advantage of the proposed system compared with previous studies are its huge flexibility and probably lowest cost, since that it only employ both an infrared and a conventional visible cameras. A lot of external applications like security, surveillance..., etc. need this kind of alternative to complete the visible information in some cases like a sudden illumination variation from a bright image to an almost dark situation, or a foggy or smoked environment, where usual computer vision algorithm are not robust anymore. In all those cases, the further image treatments depending on the application are not detailed in this paper, since we just focus this study on the way to make both images fitting in a resulting image and to render the image for a user to easily observe a warm area. We describe in the following paragraphs each step of this treatment, and show the results of this image fusion.
Combination Immunotherapy for Type 1 Diabetes

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease marked by β-cell destruction. Immunotherapies for T1D have been investigated since the 1980s and have focused on restoration of tolerance, T cell or B cell inhibition, regulatory T cell (Treg) induction, suppression of innate immunity and inflammation, immune system reset, and islet transplantation. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview and lessons learned from single immunotherapy trials, describe recent and ongoing combination immunotherapy trials, and provide perspectives on strategies for future combination clinical interventions aimed at preserving insulin secretion in T1D. Combination immunotherapies have had mixed results in improving short-term glycemic control and insulin secretion in recent-onset T1D. A handful of studies have successfully reached their primary end-point of improved insulin secretion in recent-onset T1D. However, long-term improvements glycemic control and the restoration of insulin independence remain elusive. Future interventions should focus on strategies that combine immunomodulation with efforts to alleviate β-cell stress and address the formation of antigens that activate autoimmunity.
Digital Presence in the Time of COVID-19: Reflections on Past, Present and Future Strategies Using Digital Technologies at Swansea University's Egypt Centre

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The Egypt Centre houses around 6,000 artefacts from the ancient Mediterranean and is internationally recognised for innovation in widening participation and education. The museum plays an integral role in teaching and research across Swansea University and was awarded The Queen’s Award for Voluntary Service (2018) for its volunteer programme. Officially opened to the public and students in 1998, the museum was pioneering as it made its complete collection available online (2005). It has recently revamped its online catalogue, which includes a number of additional digital educational resources. This paper reflects upon the impact of COVID-19 on teaching, research and public engagement that takes place at the Egypt Centre. In doing so, it will provide a debrief of the museum’s switch from face-to-face to online engagement with students, researchers and the wider public over the past 18 months (part one). It will then discuss the aims, development and launch of the new online catalogue (in October 2020). This section (part two) will introduce the development and key features of the online catalogue, including visitor engagement with interactive ‘trails’ amongst other highlights. Finally, it will review the role of students as co-creators and users of the museum’s resources (part three). Ultimately, this article considers how the new website will provide greater levels of interactivity to correlate with the needs of a diverse community of users, allowing both students and the public improved access to the collection. This complements the object-centred learning approach that the Egypt Centre champions.