jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Comparing the Arab Revolts: The Role of the Military

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract: The support of the armed forces is a necessary condition for a revolution to succeed. The 2011 Arab uprisings support this contention. The military’s role is examined in the six Arab states where significant bloodshed had taken place: Bahrain, Egypt, Libya, Syria, Tunisia, and Yemen. They can be grouped into three categories defined by how the regular military responded to the revolt. In Tunisia and Egypt the soldiers backed the revolution, in Libya and Yemen they split, and in Syria and Bahrain they turned their guns against the demonstrators. These different stances by the armed forces largely explain the different outcomes of the revolutions.
Two 3′ proximal hairpins play a key role in the replication of wheat yellow mosaic virus

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Wheat yellow mosaic virus (WYMV), a member of the genus Bymovirus , causes substantial losses in wheat production in East Asia, including China and Japan. Although genomic RNA replication is an important process in the viral life cycle, the independent regulation of WYMV RNA replication by its 3ʹ and 5ʹ untranslated regions (UTRs) remains unclear. In this study, we sought to analyze the core structural features of the 3ʹ UTR in the regulation of the replication of WYMV RNA1 in vitro, locate the viral RNA sites to which the NIb protein binds, and determine the regulatory effects of the VPg, P3, and 14 K proteins on NIb RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) activity. We found that the NIb protein in WYMV RNA1 only specifically recognized its 3ʹ UTR as the core enzyme for replication. Moreover, the 14 K and P3 proteins were established to synergistically enhanc the in vitro RdRp activity of the NIb protein, whereas the VPg protein was found to play an inhibitory role. Based on RNA structure probing and mutational analysis, we identified 7624 UU and 7571 UU as putative sites for interaction with the NIb protein and demonstrated that replication is dependent on their coexistence. In addition, hairpins 2 and 5 of the 3' UTR were found to be essential for NIb protein replication. Collectively, the findings of our in vitro analysis of the replication regulatory elements of WYMV RNA1 3ʹ UTR, provide a basis for in vivo studies on the regulation of WYMV replication and the identification of potential targets for the prevention and control of WYMV-caused crop diseases.
Old Ways for New Days

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Indigenous peoples, as innovators and leaders of climate adaptation in their territories, have applied “old ways to new days”, both as a process, as well as in practice. Western scientists and policy makers need to work together effectively with Indigenous peoples to not only respond to climate change both on their territories and places they live. Further, in order for Indigenous knowledge to more broadly contribute to adaptation per se, conventional characterisations of vulnerability and resilience must be thrown off in favour of Indigenous survival, agency and world views. Governance spaces need to be created, on equitable terms, for Indigenous peoples to participate in and contribute to adaptation policy and decision making.
Bovine herpesvirus 4-based vector delivering the full length xCT DNA efficiently protects mice from mammary cancer metastases by targeting cancer stem cells

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Despite marked advancements in its treatment, breast cancer is still the second leading cause of cancer death in women, due to relapses and distal metastases. Breast cancer stem cells (CSCs), are a cellular reservoir for recurrence, metastatic evolution and disease progression, making the development of novel therapeutics that target CSCs, and thereby inhibit metastases, an urgent need. We have previously demonstrated that the cystine-glutamate antiporter xCT (SLC7A11), a protein that was shown to be overexpressed in mammary CSCs and that plays a key role in the maintenance of their redox balance, self-renewal and resistance to chemotherapy, is a potential target for mammary cancer immunotherapy. This paper reports on the development of an anti-xCT viral vaccine that is based on the bovine herpesvirus 4 (BoHV-4) vector, which we have previously showed to be a safe vaccine that can transduce cells in vivo and confer immunogenicity to tumor antigens. We show that the vaccination of BALB/c mice with BoHV-4 expressing xCT (BoHV-4-mxCT), impaired lung metastases induced by syngeneic mammary CSCs both in preventive and therapeutic settings. Vaccination induced T lymphocyte activation and the production of anti-xCT antibodies that can mediate antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity (ADCC), and directly impair CSC phenotype, self-renewal and redox balance. Our findings pave the way for the potential future use of BoHV-4-based vector targeting xCT in metastatic breast cancer treatment.
The expansion of half-integral polytopes

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The expansion of a polytope is an important parameter for the analysis of the random walks on its graph. A conjecture of Mihai and Vazirani states that all $0/1$-polytopes have expansion at least 1. We show that the generalization to half-integral polytopes does not hold by constructing $d$-dimensional half-integral polytopes whose expansion decreases exponentially fast with $d$. We also prove that the expansion of half-integral zonotopes is uniformly bounded away from $0$. As an intermediate result, we show that half-integral zonotopes are always graphical.
Marketing and Managing Jim Crow

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Chapter 3 examines the political strategies white business owners and marketing agents employed in response to the black consumer activism of the late 1880s and early 1890s. Beginning in 1893, white authorities developed a Jim Crow strategy built around a defense of market values and public propriety, necessary regulations that they believed would prevent a wholesale disintegration of core capitalist principles and Victorian assumptions of respectability. In doing so, they attempted to make the segregation debate about political economy instead of race, castigating black consumer activism as a disruptive social act that threatened the popularity and financial growth of the region.
The association of 25 (OH) D3 serum level with ischemic cerebrovascular accident risk, severity and outcome in Iranian population

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Objectives The role of combined presence of vitamin D deficiency and other risk factors of stroke in ischemic cerebrovascular accident (CVA) development in Iranian adults has been unclear, so far. The association of vitamin D status at admission with ischemic CVA severity and outcome in this community is not yet well elucidated. This study aimed to clarify these ambiguities. Methods In a cross‐sectional study 104 hospitalized ischemic CVA patients and 104 healthy controls participated. The serum level of 25 (OH) D3 and baseline biochemical parameters were measured in ischemic patients within the first 24 h of admission, as well as healthy controls. The severity of CVA and clinical outcome were assessed using National Institutes Health Stroke Scale and Modified Rankin Scale, respectively. Data were analyzed using the Chi‐square test, independent t ‐test, and multiple logistic regression. Results There was a significant difference between patients and controls regarding the presence of vitamin D3 deficiency, hypertension, smoking, and baseline level of LDL and FBS. Vitamin D3 deficiency boosted the risk of ischemic in males and those having family history of CVA. A low serum level of 25 (OH) D3 was associated with more severity and poor outcome of CVA. The CVA severity, vitamin D3 deficiency, and hypertension were predictors of poor outcome. Conclusions The study highlights the increased risk of ischemia in Iranians by cooccurrence of vitamin D3 deficiency and other risk factors of CVA. Clinical significance of vitamin D3 deficiency control may be suggested in those at risk of CVA and functional poor outcomes.
Generalized method of computing carbon-diffusion profiles in austenitic stainless steels exposed to a sodium environment

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Numerous experimental observations on the carburization-decarburization behavior of austenitic stainless steels in hightemperature flowing sodium have been reported; however, quantitative predictions of carbon diffusion in the steels under specific environmental conditions have been difficult. A mathematical analysis for the process has been developed that incorporates (1) the thermodynamic and kinetic information for carbon in the alloys, (2) the thermal-mechanical treatment of the material (solution annealed versus cold worked) that influences the microstructure, and (3) the carbon concentration in sodium and its dependence on sodium-system parameters. Carbon concentrationdistance profiles in Types 304 and 316 stainless steel were generated as a function of time, temperature, and carbon concentration in sodium and compared with experimental data. The analysis was used to evaluate the carburization -- decarburization behavior of Type 316 stainless steel fuel cladding exposed to sodium and to develop carbon-diffusion profiles in Type 304 stainless steel intermediate-heat-exchanger piping upon exposure to primary- and secondary-system sodium for periods to 30 y. (auth)
On the use of the term “real risk”

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract The term “real risk” and variations of this term are commonly used in everyday speech and writing, and in the scientific literature. There are mainly two types of use: i) in statements about what the real risk related to an activity is and ii) in statements about the risk related to an activity being real. The former type of use has been extensively discussed in the literature, whereas the latter type has received less attention. In the present study, we review both types of use and analyze and discuss potential meanings of type ii) statements. We conclude that it is reasonable to interpret a statement about the risk being real as reflecting a judgement that there is some risk and that the knowledge supporting this statement is relatively strong. However, such a statement does not convey whether the risk is small or large and needs to be supplemented by a characterization of the risk.
Model of D/V axis formation: The sequential activities of Panda, Lefty, and BMP2/4 establish the D/V axis.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

<p>(A) Expression and functional requirements of the main ligands and receptors involved in D/V patterning. (B,C) The sequential activities of Panda, Lefty, and BMP2/4 progressively define the D/V axis. (1) During cleavage, a gradient of maternal Panda activity, acting through Alk3/6 and Alk1/2, first antagonizes <i>nodal</i> expression and breaks the radial symmetry of the embryo. (2) At the early blastula stage (7 h 30 hpf), following this initial symmetry breaking, spatially restricted Nodal induces Lefty, and Lefty, which diffuses more than Nodal, prevents Nodal autoregulation outside the presumptive ventral ectoderm. This second phase of Nodal antagonism is required to maintain the spatial restriction of <i>nodal</i> expression. (3) Starting at the hatching blastula stage (9 hpf), Nodal induces BMP2/4, and BMP2/4 signaling synergizes with Lefty to antagonize Nodal on the dorsal side. V, ventral; D, dorsal.</p>
Person re-identification for video surveillance

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Person Re-Identification is a new technique compared to the person identification, which is more difficult and complex. It is easily affected by the surrounding environment and the person's gestures. Although Person Re-ID has made great progress in recent years, there are still a lot of problems that need to be solved. In this thesis, the basic knowledge about person identification is introduced and reviewed. It then we introduced the image based Person Re-ID and video based Person Re-ID. For the theory and method, the TDL distance learning model was studied. Besides the TDL based method, the methods involving feature extration are also introduced. For the color feature, we used the localised average colour histogram. For the space-time feature, the HOG3d descriptor was used. Two datasets including iLIDS and PRID2011 were used for the experiment. Both experiments obtained good results: the Rank 1 rate for iLIDS is about 57% and the Rank 1 rate for PRID2011 is about 55%. They are better than the previous results, which lays the foundation for future work.
Traditional molasses production from different plants in Anatolia and its ethnobotanical features

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Türkiye'de yaygın olarak üretilen pekmez, insanlar tarafından sevilen, genellikle sade veya geleneksel kahvaltılık olarak tüketilen bir üründür. Pekmez, geleneksel olarak üzüm, dut, incir, elma ve şeker pancarı gibi glikoz içeren meyvelerden sıvı veya katı formda imal edilmektedir. Bu çalışmada Türkiye'nin farklı bölgelerinde geleneksel olarak üretim yapılan 18 çeşit pekmez çeşidi tespit edilmiştir. Anket 53 il ve 74 ilçede gerçekleştirilmiştir. Söz konusu alanlardan pekmez türleri gözlemlenmiş ve yerel halkla yapılan yüz yüze görüşmelerle yöresel isim, tıbbi kullanımları ve üretim yöntemlerine ilişkin bilgiler elde edilmiştir. Pekmez üretimi yerel bölge halkı için önemli bir gelir kaynağıdır. Pekmez yapmak için toplanan meyve ve bitkisel malzemeler, başta maddi güçlük çeken işsizler olmak üzere yöre köylüleri tarafından doğrudan toplanmaktadır. Anadolu'da hemen hemen her ilde üzüm pekmezi gıda amaçlı tüketilirken, özellikle Ardıç, Çam ve Keçiboynuzu sağlık amaçlı tüketilmektedir. Ayrıca, Anadolu'da çok dar bir alanda üretilen Gezo (Meşe) pekmezi; meşe palamudu ve yapraklarından üretilen ilginç bir pekmezdir.
Catecholamine-Containing Cells in the Nerve Plexus of the Guinea Pig Gallbladder

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

A population of catecholamine-containing cells, broadly belonging to the class of small intensely fluorescent (SIF) cells, was observed in the ganglionated plexus and around blood vessels of the guinea pig gallbladder. Their morphological features were studied by fluorescence and electron microscopy. Some cells were closely associated with ganglion neurons within the ganglionated plexus. Others were clustered into small groups located along blood vessels. Counts carried out on the whole gallbladder showed that these cells varied greatly in number between individuals and that they were most numerous shortly after birth (on average 230 cells). In the adult, their average number was about 30.
Adaptation of the auditory brainstem response: effects of click intensity, polarity, and position.

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The aim of this research was to study the effects of several stimulus parameters on adaptation characteristics of the auditory brainstem response (ABR). Recordings were obtained from normal hearing adults to separate trains of 5 rarefaction and 5 condensation clicks with interclick intervals of 10 msec and intertrain intervals of 500 msec at three intensities. Absolute latencies for waves I, III, and V were essentially unchanged by polarity; latency shifts, however, were induced by parametric manipulations of click intensity, polarity, and position in the train. Furthermore, variations in ABR wave morphology appeared with changes in intensity and polarity. Adaptation, as measured by amplitude, was considerable; the measures of adaptation, however, were not related in a simple manner to the latency shifts. The findings indicate that adaptation of the ABR is a consequence of an interplay of central and peripheral processes to click polarity, sequence, and intensity. Finally, the results provide evidence that when fast stimulus presentation rates are used to estimate thresholds rapidly, one must be aware that certain stimulus parameters can alter the ABR waveforms.
Preference Poll Stories in the Last 2 Weeks of Campaign 2000

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

If campaigns are times for political representatives to consult or negotiate with a citizenry, then the ways that a public conversation is conducted matters. In this study, all campaign stories in two national newspapers over the last 2 weeks of Campaign 2000 were sorted by dominant issues and examined for public commentary on those issues. About 60% of the stories featured discussion of candidate images (within narratives of campaigning depicted as races, military campaigns, or dramatic performances), with the remaining stories featuring 1 of 18 other issues. Issues as such all but disappeared. The candidate image stories were dominated by statistical representations of binary—yes-no, good-bad—opinions. The study concludes that the public had no real voice in the electoral conversation at the end of Campaign 2000, only serving to indicate who was ahead or behind. A citizenry can have little effect on political agenda if depicted only as a numerical mass.
New diagnostic criteria for common variable immune deficiency (CVID), which may assist with decisions to treat with intravenous or subcutaneous immunoglobulin

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Common variable immune deficiency (CVID) is the most frequent symptomatic primary immune deficiency in adults. The standard of care is intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) or subcutaneous immunoglobulin (scIG) therapy. The cause of CVID is currently unknown, and there is no universally accepted definition of CVID. This creates problems in determining which patients will benefit from IVIG/scIG treatment. In this paper, we review the difficulties with the commonly used European Society of Immune Deficiencies (ESID) and the Pan American Group for Immunodeficiency (PAGID) definition of CVID. We propose new criteria for the diagnosis of CVID, which are based on recent scientific discoveries. Improved diagnostic precision will assist with treatment decisions including IVIG/scIG replacement. We suggest that asymptomatic patients with mild hypogammaglobulinaemia are termed hypogammaglobulinaemia of uncertain significance (HGUS). These patients require long-term follow-up, as some will evolve into CVID.
MeXicana Encounters: The Making of Social Identities on the Borderlands

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Book Review| April 01 2005 MeXicana Encounters: The Making of Social Identities on the Borderlands MeXicana Encounters: The Making of Social Identities on the Borderlands, Rosa Linda Fregoso. Gaye T. M. Johnson Gaye T. M. Johnson Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Journal of American Ethnic History (2005) 24 (3): 118–119. https://doi.org/10.2307/27501627 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Permissions Search Site Citation Gaye T. M. Johnson; MeXicana Encounters: The Making of Social Identities on the Borderlands. Journal of American Ethnic History 1 January 2005; 24 (3): 118–119. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/27501627 Download citation file: Zotero Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All Scholarly Publishing CollectiveUniversity of Illinois PressJournal of American Ethnic History Search Advanced Search The text of this article is only available as a PDF. Copyright 2004 Immigration and Ethnic History Society2004 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Children's and adolescents' awareness of the physical and mental health risks associated with tattooing: a focus group study.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This article explores children's and adolescents' awareness of the physical and mental health risks associated with the increasing practice of tattooing. Twelve focus group discussions on attitudes toward tattoos and beliefs about normative behavior, health beliefs, awareness of the long-term consequences of tattooing, and stigmatization were conducted with 80 volunteers, six to 17 years of age. The videotaped discussions revealed that participants' were knowledgeable about tattoos and the process, and were aware that viral transmission and physical disfigurement were possible results. Generally, attitudes toward tattoos were negative, with almost all participants associating them with illicit type activities. However, a more favorable attitude toward small tattoos was discernible among females during early adolescence. Participants suggested that because of the location of tattoos, they might be embarrassing in some instances, and that because of their permanency, young people might regret having them later in life. Some participants revealed they had removed tattoos using crude implements. These data suggest an urgent need for research on prevention of unsafe use of tattooing and piercing implements.
Research on Optimal Configuration Method of Shared Energy Storage Considering System Economy

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Shared Energy Storage (SES) has significant advantages in reducing investment costs and enhancing energy storage utilization. The optimized configuration of SES is recently a hot research topic. In this paper, a user side SES structure is proposed, analyzing the role positioning, service types, and main contradictions of each subject under the SES model. In response to the configuration problem of SES, this paper proposes three configuration methods: capacity leased, energy shared, and dynamic capacity allocation. A multi-scenario comparison model considering different loads and energy storage investment costs was established. Through numerical simulation, the benefits of different configuration methods are analyzed, providing reference for SES investment decision-making. The results indicate that SES is more cost-effective through energy shared configuration, and can generate mutually beneficial outcomes for both operators and users.
[Ovarian metastases in breast carcinoma].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The effect on prognosis of the presence of ovarian metastases was studied in patients oophorectomized in treatment of progressive breast cancer. At laparotomy, 28% (n = 42) were found to have ovarian metastases. This high percentage indicates that cases studied were in a relatively progressed state. In the cases with ovarian metastases, the clinical course of the disease was no different to those histologically free from metastases. It appears therefore that the presence of secondary ovarian metastases at oophorectomy is of no therapeutic or prognostic significance. The time interval between oophorectomy and mastectomy, however, apparently does have a bearing on the progress of the disease.