jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Fish Farming Techniques: Current Situation and Trends

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

World aquaculture is increasingly diversified and intensive, due to the use of new technologies, having grown a lot in recent decades and contributed significantly to improving food security and reducing poverty in the world, with fish farming being a promising activity for the production of protein with high nutritional value. The large aquaculture companies that recognize the potential of this important modality have invested in the study and production of various productive segments of the most diverse species of fish. This review article aims to provide information on the world panorama of marine fish farming, with the main systems and production stages of the most important organisms with commercial potential, aiming to achieve a highly sustainable production, with high nutritional content and benefits for human health. The production of live feed in the larval stage should be highlighted, in order to optimize survival and weight gain. In addition, trends in the cultivation of estuarine and saltwater fish will be detailed in this review, such as the use of biotechnology and technological innovations, cultivations integration, and biosecurity. Thus, innovative methods to optimize the farming system need to be more ecosustainable, reducing the negative impacts on the environmental level.
Salamanders from the eastern Cordillera de Talamanca, Costa Rica, with descriptions of five new species (Plethodontidae: Bolitoglossa, Nototriton, and Oedipina) and natural history notes from recent expeditions

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This dataset contains the digitized treatments in Plazi based on the original journal article Boza-Oviedo, Eduardo, Rovito, Sean M., Chaves, Gerardo, García-Rodríguez, Adrián, Artavia, Luis G., Bolaños, Federico, Wake, David B. (2012): Salamanders from the eastern Cordillera de Talamanca, Costa Rica, with descriptions of five new species (Plethodontidae: Bolitoglossa, Nototriton, and Oedipina) and natural history notes from recent expeditions. Zootaxa 3309: 36-61, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.211943
Mutual Effect Between Moisture Transfer and Mechanical Response in Infill Masonry Walls of Reinforced Concrete Building Envelope

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The external envelope of buildings with reinforced concrete structures (RCS buildings) is subjected to environmental actions, particularly related to wind-driven rain (WDR), external humidity variations, and rising dampness, which can cause significant variations in moisture content to their unreinforced masonry (URM) infill walls, mainly associated to water penetration across that envelope. The consequent moisture transfer across the envelope can change the mechanical response of the URM infill walls and lead to their cracking, which could aggravate the referred water penetration, with a subsequent increase in the risk of building envelope degradation. In reverse, the effects of mechanical loads on moisture transfer across that envelope can be also relevant, in terms of change in the moisture content of these URM infill walls. The aim here is to analyze this type of mutual effect between moisture transfer and mechanical response in URM infill walls of RCS buildings. Essential elements about the characteristics of moisture transfer across URM infill walls and of the interface resistance with moisture flows are summarily described, and the essential evaluation of the mechanical behavior of URM infill walls when subjected to moisture variations is carried out. Moisture transport characteristics are discussed, focusing on analyses of the behavior of masonry elements when subjected to moisture variations. An initial assessment of the mechanical behavior of URM infill walls when subjected to different moisture variations is made through a compression test of a brick masonry specimen with variable moisture content. Following that analysis, an evaluation is made of the moisture transfer in URM infills, as well as the influence of the interface between layers in that moisture transfer and, subsequently, an assessment is made of hygromechanical couplings. Finally, elements for prevention about the causes of degradation of URM infill related to humidity and mechanical actions in the RCS building envelope are discussed.
Toward a Non-Reductionist Perspective of Thinking in Science

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Sasha: This manuscript is quite timely given the current interest in having students “do science, ” as opposed to simply being told about it. Couple this with the obsession for having children score highly on standardized tests, an outcome that many believe is best solved through direct instruction. Many of us react to the idea that learning (or knowing) is a process of acquiring information, instead treating it as a participatory act involving rich relations among the formal content, rich contexts, and engaging tasks (Sfard, 1998). I certainly subscribe theoretically to the situativity view and the conviction that context matters, as well as the pedagogical conviction that students should learn science by addressing meaningful problems in rich contexts. However, a core question that emerges is how do we engage students in rich contexts that situate the context while still supporting them in interacting with the more formal underlying concepts and theories? SungWon: The interesting point I find here is that the context becomes really rich insofar as the formal concepts and theories emerge to the students as resources for realizing their motive. I am reminded that the artifact designing activity introduced in
The relationship between forward head deviation and balance parameters in young females

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Introduction: According to the importance of head alignment in general posture, it seems that deviationof head from neutral position can affect complex postural and equilibrium control. The purpose of thisstudy was to survey the relationship between forward head posture and balance parameters.Materials and Methods: Twenty females (mean age 20.36 years) with forward head posture and Twentyhealthy subjects without forward head posture (mean age 21.47 years) were placed in two groups. Thedegree of forward head posture was measured using plumb line and the cranio-vertebral angle in bothsitting and standing postures. Balance tests were performed on a force platform under conditions of doubleand single leg stance, eyes open and closed on foam and rigid surfaces. Parameters calculated from centerof pressure data were standard deviation of displacement and velocity in both anterior-posterior and mediolateraldirections, mean total velocity, standard deviation of total displacement and velocity.Results: The cranio-vertebral angle showed a significant difference between two groups in both sittingand standing postures (P<0.001). Women with forward head posture have more center of pressuredisplacement and velocity than women without postural deviations (P<0.05).Conclusion: Forward head posture can affect postural control and lead to motor control impairment.This balance impairment gets obvious especially in conditions that postural control will be challenged
Effects of different levels of trace minerals premix in finisher diets on performance, immune system and meat lipid oxidation of chicken fed barley- or wheat-based diet

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The present study was carried out to examine the effects of a trace mineral premix (MP) reduction or withdrawal from finisher diet (29–42 d) on performance, meat lipid oxidation, and immune system of chicks fed wheat- or barley-based diet. The diets were formulated based on wheat and barley for seven treatments and five replicates of each treatment. At 29 and 36 d, 4 birds from each replicate were injected with sheep red blood cells. The cell-mediated immunity was determined via phytohemagglutinin and dinitrochlorobenzene at 34 and 42 d of age. At 35 and 42 d of age, the oxidative stability was evaluated by thiobarbituric acid reactive substances on the thigh samples that were stored for 180 days at −20˚C. The reduction or withdrawal of MP from diets did not affect the performance or the immune system. Results of TBARS showed that lipid peroxidation of the treatment without MP was significantly higher than of the other treatments when slaughtered at 42 days of age. Finally, the results of this study demonstrated that it is not possible to remove the MP in finisher broilers’ diets without negative effects on meat quality during the time of freezing.
Black hole mass and angular momentum in topologically massive gravity

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We extend the Abbott-Deser-Tekin approach to the computation of the Killing charge for a solution of topologically massive gravity (TMG) linearized around an arbitrary background. This is then applied to evaluate the mass and angular momentum of black hole solutions of TMG with non-constant curvature asymptotics. The resulting values, together with the appropriate black hole entropy, fit nicely into the first law of black hole thermodynamics.
Water characteristics on salt-alkali resistance of two divergent types in experimental Leymus chinensis populations in the Songnen Plain of China

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The comparative study of water characteristics reaction on salt, alkali and mixed salt stress in two divergent Leymus chinensis types:grey green type and yellow green type was made. At the stage of seedling, water content of plant and water potential of leaves were determined in potting expeniments of the two divergent types with stress of salt, alkali and mixed salt. The results of quantitative analysis showed that the difference of water content of plant, water potential of leaves were significant or extremely significant in the two divergent types. With increase of concentration of salt, alkali and mixed salt the curve of water content went up firstly, and then fell down. The highest value was bigger than that in CK. The experiments also indicated that there were salt alkali resistance in both divergent types. The grey green type showed more salt alkali tolerant than the yellow green type. The highest value of water content of plants in Na 2CO 3 soil was smaller than that in mixed salt or NaCl soil. It was suggested that the two divergent types of Leymus chinensis were more Na 2CO 3 tolerant then mixed salt or NaCl tolerant. The auther suggested that the grey green type and yellow green type were different ecotypes according to the significant differentiation of water characteristics and salt alkali resistance in the two divergent types.
Endless Frontier or Just a Mirage?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Given that the United States lacks a coherent national science policy, the question then becomes whether such policy should (or could) be developed in the current political environment. The author explores this question from the perspectives of overall budgetary support, priority-setting, and research relevance, concluding that the exercise of developing a national policy, even if ultimately unsuccessful, could help to reaffirm science's national importance and autonomy and to coalesce its fragmented political support.
Exponential synchronization for coupled neural networks with time-varying delay under single impulsive controller

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The global exponential synchronization of the nonlinear coupled neural network with an asymmetrical matrix and time-varying delays is investigated in this paper. By exerting only an impulsive controller on the first node in the network, without lose generality, sufficient criteria are derived to guarantee the realization of the exponential synchronization for the network no matter the impulsive effect plays a positive or negative role in the procedure of achieving stable. What's more, we give a numerical simulation to support the validity of the analytical results.
Figure 6 from: Fan L-F, Alvarenga RLM, Gibertoni TB, Wu F, Dai Y-C (2021) Four new species in the Tremella fibulifera complex (Tremellales, Basidiomycota). MycoKeys 82: 33-56. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.82.63241

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Figure 6 Microscopic structures of Tremella guangxiensis (Wu 3) A basidiospores B germination tubes of basidiospores and secondary spores C conidia and conidiophores D basidia at different stages E, F probasidia G hyphae with clamp connections and clamp complexes H hyphidia I a section of hymenium. Scale bars: 10 μm (A–H); 20 μm (I).
Safety assessment of an existing bridge deck subject to different damage scenarios through the global safety format ECOV

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The assessment of existing reinforced concrete structures, especially bridges and viaducts, nowadays is one of the most relevant aspects for engineers. In fact, due to the old age of a large part of the infrastructure assets and the deteriorating conditions affecting the structural elements, their safety with respect to the ultimate limit states may be compromised. In this perspective, the assessment by means of global safety formats employing non-linear finite element analyses can be an extremely useful tool. In this context, the study proposes to relate the safety level to the damage through 3D global non-linear numerical analyses. Specifically, the assessment of an existing prestressed reinforced concrete bridge deck is carried out by means of the global safety format denoted as "Estimation of Coefficient of Variation" (ECOV) assuming different damage scenarios. In fact, the safety of the structure is initially assessed with respect to the ultimate limit state in its undamaged condition. Subsequently, different damage scenarios, derived from the inspections, are numerically studied. For each damage scenario, the safety of the deck is evaluated with respect to the ultimate limit state relating the safety loss to the damage level. Finally, damage thresholds for this type of structure are defined on specific static parameters.
Short pulse mid-infrared amplifier for high average power

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

XVI International Symposium on Gas Flow, Chemical Lasers, and High-Power Lasers, edited by Dieter Schuocker, Proceedings of SPIE Vol. 6346, 63463B, (2007) 0277-786X/07/$18 doi: 10.1117/12.739382
New-Onset Status Epilepticus in an 11-year-old Patient with Thyroid Autoimmune Dysfunction: A Case Report of Pediatric Hashimoto Encephalopathy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Hashimoto encephalopathy (HE) is a neuropsychiatric syndrome associated with positive thyroid antibodies (Ab). Its pathophysiology is still in debate and pediatric cases are considered rare. We present a case of an 11-year-old girl with new-onset refractory status epilepticus (NORSE) who presented a good initial response to corticosteroids but then required a second line of treatment with mycophenolate. In children presenting with NORSE of suspected autoimmune origin and no identification of autoimmune encephalitis traditional Ab, HE must be considered.
Biosynthetic Origin of the Atypical Stereochemistry in the Thioheptose Core of Albomycin Nucleoside Antibiotics

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Albomycins are peptidyl thionucleoside natural products that display antimicrobial activity against clinically important pathogens. Their structures are characterized by a thioheptose with atypical stereochemistry including a d-xylofuranose ring modified with a d-amino acid moiety. Herein it is demonstrated that AbmH is a pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP)-dependent transaldolase that catalyzes a threo-selective aldol-type reaction to generate the thioheptose core with a d-ribofuranose ring and an l-amino acid moiety. The conversion of l-to d-amino acid configuration is catalyzed by the PLP-dependent epimerase AbmD. The d- ribo to d- xylo conversion of the thiofuranose ring appears according to gene deletion experiments to be mediated by AbmJ, which is annotated as a radical S-adenosyl-l-methionine (SAM) enzyme. These studies establish several key steps in the assembly of the thioheptose core during the biosynthesis of albomycins.
How to Manage Thoracic Surgical Problems in Low- and Middle-Income Countries

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This chapter does not intend to cover the whole subject of thoracic surgery and leaves that to the standard textbooks. The mission of this chapter and book is to provide the general surgeon with the tools to be able to act appropriately and effectively in urgent situations, generally in hospitals in rural areas. Thoracic surgical procedures generally require advanced support systems. In low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) where clean water and reliable electricity supply is frequently not available in rural areas, the scope of procedures that can be done is somewhat limited. The lack of anesthesiologists, trained staff, ICUs, and ventilators complicates this problem. However, despite being limited, the thoracic procedures regarding the airway, pneumothorax, infectious pleural effusions, and chest burns can be life-saving. The skill required and equipment needed are achievable and described.
Isotopic cross sections of 12C fragmentation on hydrogen measured at 1.87 and 2.69 GeV/nucleon

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We present new results of measurements of the isotopic cross sections of 12C fragmentation in the energy region of a few GeV/n. The experiment has been performed at the Dubna synchrophasotron using the magnetic spectrometer ANOMALON, equipped with Cherenkov counters. In this experiment 12C is the projectile and liquid hydrogen is a target. The isotopic cross sections obtained in the measurement are compared with the values predicted by the models: semi-empirical (Silberberg and Tsao) and parametric (Webber, Kish and Schrier). This work is a continuation of the previous one where similar results, but at 3.66 GeV/n, are presented.
Potential function of Sudan grass and vetiver grass as trap crops for suppressing population of stripped stem borer, Chilo suppressalis in rice.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Experiments were conducted to examine the effect of Sudan grass,Sorghum sudanense and vetiver grass,Vetieria zizanioides on the oviposition preference and larval survival of stripped stem borer,Chilo suppressalis in lab,as well as the control effect of the two grasses used as trap crops for suppressing population of C. suppressalis in rice field. The borer female adults preferred to lay eggs on Sudan and vetiver grass in oviposition free selection tests,the number of eggs laid on Sudan and vetiver grass plants were 3.02 and 4.56 times of the number of eggs laid on rice plants,respectively. Both of Sudan and vetiver grass had lethal effect and C. suppressalis larvae could not finish their life cycle as the borer larvae fed on two tested hosts. Field experiment showed in the rice plot surrounded by the two tested hosts had significantly lower dead heart rate than that in rice monocrop plots 20 m away from the treatment block.
PTU-116 Inter-relationships Between Parameters Of Iron Overload And Their Association With Liver Fibrosis Severity In Haemochromatosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction In the current era of routine HFE genotyping for suspected haemochromatosis, venesection is performed in C282Y homozygous patients with milder iron overload than was previously the case. It is thus useful to re-evaluate inter relationships between parameters of iron overload and their association with severity of liver fibrosis. We aimed to evaluate these relationships in C282Y homozygous patients undergoing venesection for iron overload. Methods Retrospective analysis of departmental haemochromatosis database. We included 114 C282Y homozygous patients (76 men, age [median (range) 54(24–78)) years, who had elevated serum ferritin and had undergone venesection therapy. Data analyses included Pearson regression, Mann-Whitney testing and Cox multiple regression analysis. Results At presentation, serum ferritin was 1018 (111–8179 mg/L and serum% iron saturation was 79% (29 – 99%). 73 patients had available liver histology, which showed Pearl grade 4 (0–4) siderosis (the 1 patient with grade 0 siderosis had serum ferritin of 6035 and required removal of 34 units of blood). Ishak fibrosis score was 1(0–6). 15 patients had cirrhosis. Patients underwent venesection of 14 (3–100) units of blood at 1–2 week intervals until serum ferritin fell to the lower end of the normal range. The number of units of blood removed to achieve this correlated significantly with baseline serum ferritin (Pearson r = 0.62 p < 0.001), serum iron saturation (r = 0.36 p < 0.001), liver siderosis grade (r = 0.39 p < 0.001) and (in 16 cases where measured) liver iron concentration (r = 0.91 p < 0.03). These iron storage parameters showed no correlation with age of presentation but were all higher (except siderosis grade) in men than in women (p < 0.01–0.001). Ishak fibrosis score correlated positively with number of units venesected (r = 0.64; p < 0.001), liver iron content (r = 0.75 p < 0.01), baseline serum ferritin (r = 0.68 p < 0.001) and iron saturation (r = 0.34 p < 0.01) but was not significantly associated with age, gender, known alcohol excess (n = 25) or steatosis on liver biopsy (n = 24). Patients with cirrhosis had higher baseline serum ferritin (2523 (680–6908) vs 1018 (111–8179) mg/L p < 0.001) and had more units venesected (42 (18–100) vs (14 (3–69) p < 0.001) than those without. In Cox multiple regression analysis, liver fibrosis stage was independently associated with baseline serum ferritin and number of units venesected (both p < 0.001) but was not associated with age, gender, known alcohol excess or steatosis. Conclusion In C282Y homozygous patients, severity of overload, assessed by baseline serum ferritin and number of units venesected, is the main determinant of liver fibrosis severity, which is not associated with age, gender, presence of liver steatosis or known alcohol excess. Disclosure of Interest None Declared.
Electrophoretic Determination of Vanilmandelic Acid (VMA) in Urine by Direct Application to Cellulose Acetate

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The VMA in urine was quantitated electrophoretically by application of urine to cellulose acetate. Separation of several hydrophenolic acids is distinct. VMA is detected at 0.1-µ.g. levels. Normal values on 400 specimens was 4.0 ± 2.0 mg./24 hr.
Progress and Tradeoffs in Neural Language Models

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In recent years, we have witnessed a dramatic shift towards techniques driven by neural networks for a variety of NLP tasks. Undoubtedly, neural language models (NLMs) have reduced perplexity by impressive amounts. This progress, however, comes at a substantial cost in performance, in terms of inference latency and energy consumption, which is particularly of concern in deployments on mobile devices. This paper, which examines the quality-performance tradeoff of various language modeling techniques, represents to our knowledge the first to make this observation. We compare state-of-the-art NLMs with "classic" Kneser-Ney (KN) LMs in terms of energy usage, latency, perplexity, and prediction accuracy using two standard benchmarks. On a Raspberry Pi, we find that orders of increase in latency and energy usage correspond to less change in perplexity, while the difference is much less pronounced on a desktop.