jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Thermal Mixing and Entropy Generation during Natural Convection Flows in Arbitrary Eccentric Annulus

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The present study presents a computational investigation into the thermal mixing along with entropy generation throughout the natural convection flow within an arbitrarily eccentric annulus. Salt water is filled inside the eccentric annulus, in which the outer and inner cylinders have Tc and Th constant temperatures. The Boussinesq approximation is used to develop the governing equations for the natural convection flow, which are then solved on a structured quadrilateral mesh using the OpenFOAM software package (FOAM-Extend 4.0). The computational simulations are performed for Rayleigh numbers (Ra=103–105), eccentricity (ϵ=0,0.4,0.8), angular positions (φ=0∘,45∘,90∘), and Prandtl number (Pr=10, salt water). The computational results are visualized in terms of streamlines, isotherms, and entropy generation caused by fluid friction and heat transfer. Additionally, a thorough examination of the variations in the average and local Nusselt numbers, circulation intensity with eccentricities, and angular positions is provided. The optimal state of heat transfer is shown to be influenced by the eccentricity, angular positions, uniform temperature sources, and Boussinesq state. Moreover, the rate of thermal mixing and the production of total entropy increase as Ra increases. It is found that, compared to a concentric annulus, an eccentric annulus has a higher rate of thermal mixing and entropy generation. The findings show which configurations and types of eccentric annulus are ideal and could be used in any thermal processing activity where a salt fluid (Pr=10) is involved.
Prevalence and age at diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder in south Italy, 2004–2014

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background

The prevalence of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) has increased markedly in recent decades. The early diagnosis of children with ASDs is a critical step in gaining access to early intervention, providing optimal opportunity for developmental benefits by taking advantage of early brain plasticity. However, data at the national level are limited. The aim of the study was to estimate the prevalence and age at diagnosis of ASDs in children living …
Watch and Learn: Assessment of Online Video Tutorials

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In 2009, the University of Washington Libraries began producing online screencast tutorials as a way to support library instruction and to serve as point-of-need assistance in answering reference questions by email or chat reference. Research has shown that students are capable of learning from video tutorials, but while the usage of the tutorials has grown over time, producing them is resource-intensive. Are these videos worth our time and resources to produce and maintain? Do users actually watch and learn from them? This paper describes an assessment project of online tutorials by analyzing usage statistics, surveying and interviewing users, and piloting an in-class learning assessment.
`Many-citedness`: Citations Measure More Than Just Scientific Impact

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Citation indexes are increasingly used to measure the scientific impact of researchers and institutions, though their application is often criticized. We study the network of citations of all publications indexed in Web of Science authored or coauthored by Italian tenured academic economists. We show that citations capture many factors other than mere scientific quality. By estimating the determinants of the probability that any author is cited by any other author, we find those factors to involve not only similarity in methods and topics but also, significantly, various measures of social community as well as of political proximity. Our analysis leads us to conclude that, at least in the case of economics, citations cannot be interpreted as mere proxies of scientific impact, and their use to produce indexes and rankings may require careful rethinking.
Abstract 14294: Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease Have a Lower Odds of Ventricular Tachycardia Than General Population

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Monomorphic ventricular tachycardia (VT) often results from scar formation secondary to chronic ischemia or myocardial infarction. Microvascular disease is a known risk factor for myocardial dysfunction as it can lead to focal scar formation and thus increase the risk for VT. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by microvascular dysfunction on the basis of animal studies through metabolic, endocrine, and immune pathways and therefore was suspected to be a risk factor for developing VT. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study utilizing the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project National Inpatient Sample (HCUP-NIS) 2019 database to investigate hospitalizations for patients aged 18 years old or older with VT based on stage of CKD. Comorbidities were identified through their international classification of diseases, 10th revision (ICD-10 codes) recorded in the discharge record for each hospitalization. Records having cocaine or other stimulants were excluded. An alpha (p) value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 456,925 patients were identified based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria above. The number of patients that had VT with and without CKD was 163,760 (3%) and 293,165 (1%), respectively. However, after an adjusted analysis was performed we discovered that the odds ratio of VT in patients with CKD was 0.735 (95% CI 0.720-0.751). Conclusions: In our retrospective cohort study, patients with CKD were found to have a lower risk of developing VT. This is suspected to be due to electrolyte derangements, such as hyperkalemia and hypermagnesemia, commonly seen in these patients and thus creating a cardioprotective electrolyte balance.
Which Function(s) of the Environment Do We Study? A Comparison of Environmental and Natural Resource Sociology

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Natural resource sociology and environmental sociology have different historical roots, organizational identities, institutional bases of support, and scholarly orientations, yet both share a common concern with understanding the environmental bases of human societies. Differences as well as similarities between the research foci of the two fields are illustrated by distinguishing between three fundamental functions that ecosystems serve for human societies: supply depot, waste repository, and living space. While natural resource sociologists pay relatively greater attention to the supply depot function (ecosystems as the source of natural resources), their work inevitably touches on the other two functions as well and therefore is not necessarily narrower in focus than that of environmental sociologists. Yet, despite their common concerns, the differing bases of support, orientations, and clienteles for the two fields suggest that there is good reason for both to retain their separate identities. Keywords: Ecosystem Functions Environmental Sociology Living Space Natural Resource Sociology Supply Depot Waste Repository
Location and International Strategy Formation

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Abstract By now, it is generally accepted that the two key dimensions of international business (IB) strategy are location and control. Multinational enterprises (MNEs) must therefore decide where to locate their international operations and how to control their activities there. Virtually every research question associated with IB strategy is related to one or both of these dimensions. This chapter will focus on the location dimension, while recognizing that the control dimension is its ever-present complement. Historically, MNEs expanded into international locations in order to seek local, natural resources unavailable in their home countries. However, at present, it is the MNEs’ search for knowledge resources that dominates their location strategies. Over the last decade, the rise of global value chains (GVCs) has become one of the primary factors motivating scholars to integrate insights from IB and economic geography to develop a more holistic view of the location dimension of MNE strategy. We discuss the evolution of key intellectual ideas in the area of IB location strategies to then propose a future research agenda.
Virulence of Brown Planthopper (BPH) in Vietnam

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This article 'Virulence of Brown Planthopper (BPH) in Vietnam' appeared in the International Rice Research Newsletter series, created by the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI). The primary objective of this publication was to expedite communication among scientists concerned with the development of improved technology for rice and for rice based cropping systems. This publication will report what scientists are doing to increase the production of rice in as much as this crop feeds the most densely populated and land scarce nations in the world.
Approximating the Linear Quadratic Optimal Control Law for Hereditary Systems with Delays in the Control

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

A factorization approach is presented for deriving approximations to the optimal feedback gains for the linear regulator-quadratic cost problem associated with time-varying functional differential equations with control delays. The approach is based on a discretization of the state penalty which leads to a simple structure for the feedback control law. General properties of the Volterra factors of Hilbert-Schmidt operators are then used to obtain convergence results for the controls, trajectories and feedback kernels. Two algorithms are derived from the basic approximation scheme, including a fast algorithm, in the time-invariant case. A numerical example is also considered.
Silicon fiber with p-n junction

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

In this study, we fabricated a p-n junction in a fiber with a phosphorous doped silicon core and fused silica cladding. The fibers were fabricated via a hybrid process of the core-suction and melt-draw techniques and maintained overall diameters ranging from 200 to 900 μm and core diameters of 20–800 μm. The p-n junction was formed by doping the fiber with boron and confirmed via the current-voltage characteristic. The demonstration of a p-n junction in a melt-drawn silicon core fiber paves the way for the seamless integration of optical and electronic devices in fibers.
OBSERVATIONS ON VEGETATIVE NUCLEAR DIVISION IN SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

In Giemsa-stained preparations of actively growing yeast, nuclear division normally occurred in the isthmus of each bud, but occasionally the nucleus divided in the parent cell and one of the products of division entered the bud, or else division occurred in the bud, following which one of the two nuclei migrated back into the parent cell. The frequency of intrabud divisions was increased by thymine, dihydrothymine, and thymidine. During normal division, the nuclear material entering the bud tended to be organized into two parallel rows, each comprising three densely staining bodies, and the latter were grouped into apparently homologous pairs.
Data from: Plasma carotenoid concentrations of incubating American kestrels (Falco sparverius) show annual, seasonal, and individual variation and explain reproductive outcome

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In wild birds, the proximate and ultimate factors that affect circulating carotenoid concentrations remain poorly understood. We studied variation in plasma carotenoid concentrations across several scales: annual, seasonal, pair, territory and individual, and evaluated whether plasma carotenoid concentrations explained reproductive outcome of wild American kestrels (Falco sparverius). We sampled plasma carotenoid concentrations of 99 female and 80 male incubating kestrels from April to June in 2008 to 2012. Plasma carotenoid concentrations were explained by an interaction between year and sex, date, and random effects for pair and individual identity. In general, plasma carotenoid concentrations of males were significantly higher than females, but this depended on year. Within a breeding season, earlier nesting kestrels had higher carotenoid concentrations than later nesting kestrels, a pattern that is coincident with seasonal trends in local fitness. Pair and individual identity explained variation in carotenoid concentrations suggesting that carotenoid concentrations of mated birds were correlated, and some individuals consistently maintained higher carotenoid levels than others. Male carotenoid concentrations were positively associated with number of young fledged per pair. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that higher quality individuals have higher carotenoid levels compared to lower quality individuals, despite annual variations in carotenoid availability.
Pesticide Exposure and Health Impacts Among Farmers in Karimnagar: A Cross-Sectional Risk Assessment Study

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Background: The World Health Organization estimates nearly 3 million cases of pesticide poisoning annually, resulting in 220,000 deaths, especially in low- and middle-income countries. India, the largest pesticide producer in Asia, presents a significant occupational exposure risk. Objective: To assess the prevalence of pesticide-related health symptoms among farmers in Karimnagar and evaluate their knowledge and practices regarding pesticide safety.
Accidental Archives of Performance Making

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This paper introduces the online toolkit created during the AHRC-funded Resilience and Inclusion: Dancers as Agents of Change project. Although the primary aim of the toolkit is the transmission of information for training purposes, the toolkit has simultaneously created a carefully curated repository of performance documents and related materials with a film at the core out of which many of the learning materials emerge. The discussion considers how this curated library of valuable performance documents creates an "accidental archive." Notwithstanding the challenges of making materials "open," often connected to institutional gatekeeping, this short paper poses questions about the documenting of process (in various forms and formats) to ask what value these process documents hold, for the artist and audience, and for those who are responsible for their safe keeping.
Health promoting resources and work participation in individuals with musculoskeletal pain

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Musculoskeletal pain is a significant burden, both for the affected individual and for the society at large. This paper presents a theoretical and empirical overview within the health promotion perspective. The health concept is usually understood as the absence of disease, but the salutogenic perspective, ecological field theory and resilience factors could be helpful to find health promoting resources which strengthen individuals’ musculoskeletal health. Further, I wish to provide a deeper understanding according to sense of coherence where good health constitute a fundamental attitude to life according to pain management. Health promoting resources are understood as personal, social and functional characteristics that increases coping of musculoskeletal pain and produce work participation.
Suprachoroidal buckling: technique and indications.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The authors herein report the feasibility of suprachoroidal buckling (SCB) procedure as a new approach for treating different forms of retinal detachment (RD) by creating suprachoroidal indentation (buckling effect). With this technique, specially designed devices, i.e. a catheter or cannula, are guided in the suprachoroidal space to reach the target area. Then, a suprachoroidal filler (long lasting hyaluronic acid) is injected to indent the choroid creating SCB, thereby closing retinal tears and supporting the overlying retina. This procedure was performed to treat both myopic tractional maculopathy (MTM), including myopic macular holes, as well as peripheral retinal breaks. SCB may be used alone or in conjunction with vitrectomy. In myopic patients, restoration of retinal layers was achieved in all eyes with myopic foveoschisis. Most eyes with macular hole detachments demonstrated closure of the holes. All peripheral retinal breaks were adequately buckled and closed in a single procedure. The buckling effect was long enough in duration to seal the tears and promote adequate chorioretinal scarring. The procedure was safe and relatively simple in terms of reaching the treatment area and injecting the filler. SCB adds to our surgical options for treating selected cases of peripheral retinal tears and rhegmatogenous RD, and avoids potential problems of episcleral buckles. Moreover it may avoid vitrectomy in selected cases of rhegmatogenous RD.
Development and Psychometric Properties of a Questionnaire to Assess Iranian Women’s Sexual Self-disclosure

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Background and Objective: Sexual self-disclosure plays an important role in couples' sexual performance and satisfaction. It is necessary to have a valid, reliable tool to measure this variable. A review of the literature shows that there is no tool with socio-cultural appropriateness for Iranian women in this field. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to design and evaluate the psychometric properties of a context-based female sexual self-disclosure questionnaire. Materials and Methods: This methodological study was conducted in Tehran city in 2020. In the first phase, the sexual self-disclosure of Iranian women and its dimensions was explored by reviewing the literature using the thematic analysis approach. Then, using the deductive-inductive approach, the first 25 items were compiled. In the second phase, psychometric assessment was done by examining face, content, construct, and criterion validity, as well as internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Results: According to the results, sexual self-disclosure of Iranian women was extracted as "talking about sexual relationships and factors affecting quantity and quality." Quantitative indicators for content validity index and content validity ratio were 0.95 and 0.79, respectively. The results of examining the construct validity of the tool by exploratory factor analysis led to the identification of four factors that explained 65.06 of the variances. The assessment of the convergent validity indicated the correlation coefficients between the total score of this questionnaire and the Larson Sexual Satisfaction Questionnaire in the range of 0.66 to 0.93. Conclusion: The results showed that women’s sexual self-disclosure questionnaire had optimal validity and reliability. Therefore, it is suggested to use this instrument in future studies to assess the level of Iranian female's sexual self-disclosure.
The volcanic stratigraphy and petrochemistry of the Gods Lake Subgroup, Knee Lake, Manitoba and the diagram MgO/Al2O3 versus (Na2O + K2O)/(Total FeO + TiO2) : a distinct separation of the calc-alkaline and tholeiitic rock series

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The predominantly volcanic-volcaniclastic Hayes River Group of Archean age outcrops within a northeasterly trending synclinorium on Knee Lake in northern Manitoba. The greenhouse belt was mapped on a scale of 1 inch to 2640 feet; three acid volcanic sections were mapped on a scale of 1 inch to 500 feet. All inland and shoreline outcrops were sampled where feasible. Seventy-six chemical analyses of Hayes River Group volcanic and pyroclastic rocks are presented in graphical and composite form. Stratigraphic and petrochemical studies (in Part I) indicate that the Hayes River Group can be compared with the upper volcanic and sedimentary sequences of the Barberton model for Archean evolution... A new method of petrochemical representation is presented in Part II which discriminates plots of calc-alkaline versus tholeiitic rocks and their differentiation trends, and which: (1) is applicable to a majority of sub-alkaline igneous provinces, (2) minimizes the effect of alteration, and (3) provides a 95 percent effective separation of the two sub-alkaline rock series. In application, the new diagram successfully distinguishes between high-alumina olivine tholeiites and high-alumina calc-alkaline basalts. The diagram was devised to overcome inconsistent results obtained from the conventional methods of plotting chemical data.
Towards stability, predictability, and quality of intelligent automation services: ECIT product journey from on-premise to as-a-service

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The intensive transformations of software products have been widely discussed in academia and business from various perspectives, yet with limited reference to low-code technologies, such as robotic process automation (RPA). The intensive growth in the size and importance of RPA and low-code industry puts their offering transitions from traditional on-premise to modern software-as-a-service models at the core of its paradigm evolution. Our single case study presents the transformation from 'On-Prem' to 'RaaS-P product for intelligent automation (IA) services, conducted by the leading Nordic consultancy ECIT Group, elaborating on its triggers, journey, stakeholders, as well as implications on cost, quality, and customer satisfaction. Triggered by internal experiences, cost, and market pressures, the case allowed us to discover that while RPA technology has rapidly grown to become a commodity at a wide amount of business organizations, the RPA service providers need to aim at resolving the issues and addressing challenges of their customers, not technology itself. It brings forward the 'Robot as a Service - Process Automation' product, with a novel approach to SLA, focused on availability, job stability, recovery, and transaction quality.
STATISTICAL MID-LEVEL FEATURES FOR BUILDING-UP AREA EXTRACTION FROM FULL POLARIMETRIC SAR IMAGERY

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper addresses the problem of designing statistical features for the extraction of building-up areas (BAs) from highresolution polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (PolSAR) imagery. The idea is to represent a building-up area by the distribution of its mid-level components, called intermediates, which are statistical patterns unsupervisedly learnt from PolSAR images. More precisely, by analyzing the structural properties and the polarimetric characteristics exhibited in various terrain types, we propose two kinds of midlevel features for small regions: the cluster based statistical feature (CSF) and the scattering mechanism based statistical feature (SMSF). In detail, for the CSF, the intermediates are the K-mean clusters with Wishart distance of the PolSAR images; for the SMSF, the intermediates are the scattering mechanism categories obtained by relying on a four-component decomposition with deorientation of the PolSAR images. In contrast with existing features for describing BAs, the proposed features, i.e., CSF and SMSF, capture more complex context information of BAs. We compare the proposed features with those based on the Gaussian Markov random field (GMRF) models, which have been proven to be suitable for BAs mapping. Experimental results on RADARSAT-2 datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed features.