jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Establishment of the rabbit animal model of bilateral mandibular distraction osteogenesis

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Objective To establish the rabbit animal model of bilateral mandibular distraction osteogenesis by using CBX01-15 traction device especially for the rabbit mandible,and to evaluate the effects.Methods 8 New Zealand rabbits underwent bilateral mandibular osteotomy.After a latency period of 5 days,the traction devices were activated at a rate of 0.5mm ×2/d to 15mm,and consolidated for 8 weeks.The regenerated bone was evaluated by general observation,radiological and histological examinations.Results All the animals were well tolerated during the distraction and fixation period,without the occurrence of death,and the bilateral mandibular bodies were significantly prolonged.At 8 weeks of consolidation,the quality of regenerated bone in the distraction gap was similar with the original bone.Conclusion The effects of the rabbit animal model of bilateral mandibular distraction osteogenesis were reliable,and the new bones were well regenerated.
Supplementary material Next-generation sequencing reveals that miR-16-5p, miR-19a-3p, miR-451a and miR-25-3p cargo in plasma extracellular vesicles differentiates sedentary young males from athletes.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A sedentary lifestyle is a leading risk factor for global mortality. No objective molecular biomarker of sedentarism is available. Extracellular vesicles miRNAs have been described to respond to exercise. Our aim was to identify the extracellular vesicle miRNA profile of chronically trained young male athletes, endurance and resistance, compared to their sedentary counterparts. A descriptive case-control design with 16 sedentary young men, 16 Olympic male endurance athletes and 16 Olympic male resistance athletes. Next Generation Sequencing and RT-qPCR, external and internal validation, were performed in order to analysed extracellular vesicle miRNA profiles. miR-16-5p, miR-19a-3p and miR-451a were significantly upregulated in SED compared to END and RES. Besides, miR-25-3p was specifically down-regulated in END compared to SED. Extracellular vesicle miR-16-5p, miR-19a-3p, miR-451a provide an objective signature of sedentarism irrespective of the type of exercise and miR-25-3p as a specific responder to endurance training. Therefore, this study provides for the first time an objective measure to categorise individuals as sedentary or trained in young male population and moreover, it highlights a common epigenetic modulation between models of training.
A Recurrent Neural Network–Based Proxy Model for Well-Control Optimization with Nonlinear Output Constraints

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Summary In well-control optimization problems, the goal is to determine the time-varying well settings that maximize an objective function, which is often the net present value (NPV). Various proxy models have been developed to predict NPV for a set of inputs such as time-varying well bottomhole pressures (BHPs). However, when nonlinear output constraints (e.g., maximum well/field water production rate or minimum well/field oil rate) are specified, the problem is more challenging because well rates as a function of time are required. In this work, we develop a recurrent neural network (RNN)–based proxy model to treat constrained production optimization problems. The network developed here accepts sequences of BHPs as inputs and predicts sequences of oil and water rates for each well. A long-short-term memory (LSTM) cell, which is capable of learning long-term dependencies, is used. The RNN is trained using well-rate results from 256 full-order simulation runs that involve different injection and production-well BHP schedules. After detailed validation against full-order simulation results, the RNN-based proxy is used for 2D and 3D production optimization problems. Optimizations are performed using a particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm with a filter-based nonlinear-constraint treatment. The trained proxy is extremely fast, although optimizations that apply the RNN-based proxy at all iterations are found to be suboptimal relative to full simulation-based (standard) optimization. Through use of a few additional simulation-based PSO iterations after proxy-based optimization, we achieve NPVs comparable with those from simulation-based optimization but with speedups of 10 or more (relative to performing five simulation-based optimization runs). It is important to note that because the RNN-based proxy provides full well-rate time sequences, optimization constraint types or limits, as well as economic parameters, can be varied without retraining. NOTE: This paper is published as part of the 2021 Reservoir Simulation Conference Special Issue.
Performance Comparison of Deep and Shallow Network for Quadcopter Automation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Traditional learning approaches on controlling the quadcopters or helicopter deal with the performance improvement of specific trajectory by iterative methods. However, existing schemes do not discuss the accumulation of information from training trajectories. Motivated by the generalization capability of deep learning, in this paper, we try to synthesize control for trajectories using a neural network-based model. Initially, the quadrotor is assigned to a random position with a fixed target position. To reach target location, the performance of the quadrotor is observed with an emphasis on reward values which is modulated by the change in its positions and velocities. The proposed deep network is able to perform tasks such as takeover, landing, and hover. The experimental analysis yields a better performance of deep network over a shallow network.
Baboons' hand preference resists to spatial factors for a communicative gesture but not for a simple manipulative action

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Olive baboons ( Papio anubis ) do acquire and use intentional requesting gestures in experimental contexts. Individual's hand preference for these gestures is consistent with that observed for typical communicative gestures, but not for manipulative actions. Here, we examine whether the strength of hand preference may also be a good marker of hemispheric specialization for communicative gestures, hence differing from the strength of hand preference for manipulative actions. We compared the consistency of individuals' hand preference with regard to the variation in space of either (i) a communicative partner or (ii) a food item to grasp using a controlled set‐up. We report more consistent hand preference for communicative gestures than for grasping actions. Established hand preference in the midline was stronger for gesturing than for grasping and allowed to predict the consistency of hand preference across positions. We found no significant relation between the direction of hand preference and the task. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc . Dev Psychobiol 55: 651–661, 2013.
Management of Low Back Pain: Do Physiotherapists Know the Evidence-Based Guidelines?

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: Clinical practice guidelines promote bio-psychosocial management of patients suffering from low back pain (LBP). The objective of this study was to examine the current knowledge, attitudes and beliefs of physiotherapists about a guideline-adherent approach to LBP and to assess the ability of physiotherapists to recognise signs of a specific LBP in a clinical vignette. Methods: Physiotherapists were recruited to participate in an online study. They were asked to indicate whether they were familiar with evidence-based guidelines and then to fill in the Health Care Providers’ Pain and Impairment Relationship Scale (HC-PAIRS), Back Pain Attitudes Questionnaire (Back-PAQ), Neurophysiology of Pain Questionnaire (NPQ), as well as questions related to two clinical vignettes. Results: In total, 527 physiotherapists participated in this study. Only 38% reported being familiar with guidelines for the management of LBP. Sixty-three percent of the physiotherapists gave guideline-inconsistent recommendations regarding work. Only half of the physiotherapists recognised the signs of a specific LBP. Conclusions: The high proportion of physiotherapists unfamiliar with guidelines and demonstrating attitudes and beliefs not in line with evidence-based management of LBP is concerning. It is crucial to develop efficient strategies to enhance knowledge of guidelines among physiotherapists and increase their implementation in clinical practice.
EVALUATION AND SCREENING OF ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF SOME IMPORTANT MEDICINAL PLANTS OF ASSAM

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The evolution and spread of antibiotic resistance, as well as the evolution of new strains of disease causing agents, is of great concern to the global health community. Our ability to effectively treat diseases is dependent on the development of new pharmaceuticals, and one potential source of novel drugs is traditional medicine. Now-a-days, plants have been exploited as a powerful and potential source for medicinal drugs. Herbal drugs are mainly focussed as an alternative source against manifestations caused by various micro-organisms due to the increasing resistance of existing antimicrobial agents. The present study attempts to evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of the crude methanol extract of Ocimum gratissimum (Local name: Ram tulashi), Spondias pinnata (Local name: Amora), Terminalia chebula (Local name: Silikha) and Hedyotis pinifolia (Local name: Bon jaluk) against six Gram-positive bacterial strains (Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus faecalis, Micrococcus luteus, Listeria innocua, Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus) and three Gram-negative bacterial strains (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter cloacae and Enterobacter aerogenes) by agar well diffusion method. Methanol extract of all the plants under study were found to be effective against all the reference strains. Highest zone of inhibition was observed against B.subtilis (23mm of clear zone) followed by L. innocua (16 mm of clear zone) in case of Terminalia chebula. The findings indicated promising antibacterial activity of the crude extracts of the above plants and needs further exploration for their effective use in both modern and traditional system of medicines.
Cognitive abilities as one of the criteria for the selection and orientation of athletes of various ages in game team sports (for example, football)

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Selection in the system of long-term training of athletes is one of the most complex problems in the theory and practice of sports training and involves the development and implementation of scientific and methodological developments in several directions at once: forecasting, modeling and control. As a result, in game team sports and in particular in football, ensuring the effectiveness of the selection and orientation process is determined by a comprehensive assessment of the athlete's abilities, covering all aspects of his preparation. Nowadays, psychodiagnostics and the practical application of the obtained data in the process of selection, competitive activity and in the educational and training process of young football players of various ages are still a reserve that can significantly increase the effectiveness of the training of the sports reserve in football. Not an exception is the study of the cognitive sphere of players, the lack of attention to which leads to a decrease in the prognostic value of conclusions about the potential capabilities of football players, as well as a negative impact on the effectiveness of training in certain areas and, first of all, tactical and technical. In order to determine the level of formation of a number of cognitive abilities of young football players of various ages, appropriate diagnostic measures were carried out, which made it possible to establish the dynamic characteristics of changes in individual cognitive indicators at different stages of training. The two tests used during the diagnosis showed consistent results in determining the age limits, where there is a stabilization of the rate of growth of the studied indicators. The obtained data can be used as criteria for assessing the degree of suitability of a young football player for effective functioning within sports activities at a specific stage of multi-year training.
Policy development for the reduction of pollution caused by traffic experiences from The Netherlands

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Road traffic is a diffuse source of heavy metals and oil that leads to pollution of verges and surface water in areas immediately surrounding roads. The Commission for Integrated Water Management (CIW) has drawn up a policy document addressing methods for managing this type of pollution. The document is based on results from numerous studies in The Netherlands targeting pollution caused by traffic. The Commission concludes that measures at the source are the only way to realise sustainable solutions. For example, attention should be devoted to the issue of zinc emissions from car tyres and crash barriers. The concept of controlled infiltration is recommended for combating pollution caused by spray and runoff from roads. This includes periodic chemical inspection of verge pollution and, where necessary, replacement of the verge's top layer. The application of porous asphalt on highways in The Netherlands has also proven highly effective in limiting pollution caused by traffic, with far less pollution caused by spray from the highway and runoff as compared to traditional asphalt.
Circular Economy Strategies in Eight Historic Port Cities: Criteria and Indicators Towards a Circular City Assessment Framework

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The circular city is emerging as new concept and form of practice in sustainable urban development. This is a response to the complex and pressing challenges of urbanization, as highlighted in the New Urban Agenda (NUA). The concept of a “circular city” or “circular city-region” derives from the circular economy model applied in the spatial territorial dimension. It can be associated with the concept of a “self-sustainable” regenerative city, as stated in paragraph n.71 of the NUA. This paper aims to develop an extensive form of “screening” of circular economy actions in emerging circular cities, focusing on eight European historic port cities self-defined as “circular”. The analysis is carried out as a review of circular economy actions in the selected cities, and specifically aims to identify the key areas of implementation in which the investments in the circular economy are more oriented, as well as to analyze the spatial implications of the reuse of buildings and sites, proposing a set of criteria and indicators for ex-ante and ex-post evaluations and monitoring of circular cities. Results show that the built environment (including cultural heritage), energy and mobility, waste management, water management, industrial production (including plastics, textiles, and industry 4.0 and circular design), agri-food, and citizens and communities can be adopted as strategic areas of implementation of the circular city model in historic cities, highlighting a lack of indicators in some sectors and identifying a possible framework for “closed” urban metabolism evaluation from a life-cycle perspective, focusing on evaluation criteria and indicators in the (historic) built environment.
Quality and Shelf Life Enhancement of Minimally Processed Refrigerated (MPR) Peaches

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Peaches are climacteric stone fruits and they establish an interesting alternative as a minimally processed (MP) product due to their characteristics like flavor, color, smell, and also because of its handling resistance.However, they have a short shelf life after a fresh cut due to enzymatic browning as well as the stone cavity collapse.The present investigation aimed to determine the combined effect of blanching, osmotic dehydration and preservatives on the quality and stability of minimally processed refrigerated (MPR) peaches.Fruits were cut into halves and subjected to osmotic dehydration using sucrose solution (40%) at ambient temperature (25-30 o C) for 4 hours.The pH of the syrup was adjusted with citric acid to 3.60.Potassium sorbate (0.75%), sodium bisulphite (0.45%) and ascorbic acid (0.50%) were then added to the syrup.Afterward, peaches were drained, packed under vacuum and stored at 4±1 o C. Physicochemical analysis (total soluble solids, pH, total acidity, color parameters total, phenols, total sugars, and ascorbic acid) and microbial quality along with a sensory analysis were measured at regular intervals throughout the storage period.During 60 days of storage, a decrease in pH, ascorbic acid (mg/100g), color (L* value) and sensory characteristics were observed.From the results obtained it was revealed that the MPR peach-halves showed good overall acceptability up to 30 days of storage at refrigerated temperature (4±1 o C).
Technical Infrastructure of “Smart City”: Needs of Integrating Various Management Tasks

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract In the article the idea of the “Smart City” is analysed mainly from the view point of technology. The author presents in the first part of the paper the brief review of technical issues connected with implementing the concept of “Smart City” into practice. These review is illustrated in the second part of the paper by some practical results, which are treated as a background for formulating a research problem which is tried to be presented in the third part of the paper: the problem of recognizing needs in the complex field of activities, assessing these needs and - basing on results of such an assessment - designing some integrated solutions that should be used in management of the identified resources. The final part of the paper contains some conclusions and introduces directions for further research.
Thyroid function and olfactory responses to L-alanine during induced smoltification in Atlantic salmon, <I>Salmo salar</I>

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

For 5 weeks starting in mid-February we examined developmental correlations between external smolt features, plasma thyroid hormone levels, and olfactory responses in Atlantic salmon transferred from 0.9 to 11°C and exposed to a 16 h light : 8 h dark (16L) or an 8 h light : 16 h dark (8L) photoperiod. In 16L fish, external smolt features developed to 80% of full state, plasma L-thyroxine (T4) surged at week 3, but there were no changes in plasma 3,5,3 prime -triiodo-L-thyronine, olfactory bulb electroencephalographic (EEG), or olfactory epithelium electro-olfactographic (EOG) activities in response to nasal stimulation with L-alanine (10-9 to 10-5 M). In 8L fish, external smolt features were arrested at 40% of full state, plasma T4 showed no surge, EOG activity increased modestly, but EEG activity increased markedly at weeks 3 and 4. Thus, under the particular photoperiod and temperature conditions imposed in this study in February and March, enhanced olfactory activity can develop in premigratory Atlantic salmon independently of external smolt features or a significant surge in plasma T4.
Role Identification: an Impediment to Effective Core Primary Health Care Teamwork?

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

<p>This study, which is methodologically grounded in qualitative research and philosophically informed by critical social science, explores important aspects of the socio-political context in which practice nurses and general practitioners (core primary health care team) work within a team environment. It is indicated in the literature that there are benefits for improved health care through the development of collaborative teamwork. However, there have been many barriers identified which prevent collaborative teamwork. Amongst the many barriers, is the lack of role clarity and attitudinal differences. Role clarity and attitudinal differences are the topic of this thesis. This thesis explored and highlighted whether the lack of role clarity and attitudinal differences do indeed impede the team's success, and are barriers to teamwork. The views and opinions of practice nurses and general practitioners understanding of their own and each other's current roles within the general practice setting were explored. The participants had the opportunity to discuss together, in focus group meetings, their thoughts on the topic. This raised their awareness of their taken for granted ideas on role and teamwork. Focus groups offered the participants the added opportunity to question each other which allowed for a deeper and more fulfilling understanding of role. New understandings that emerged could lead to alternative models of health care and influence the future delivery and planning of general practice. The thesis concludes by offering a potentially suitable model/framework which has been developed to further the understanding of teamwork in the future.</p>
Antigen processing pathways in transplantation

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Antigen presentation and its regulation has been studied, with particular emphasis on the control and function of the MHC class II molecule, and on how this may affect allograft rejection. CIITA is a specific controller of class II expression, and has recently been cloned in the human, using cell lines derived from MHC class II deficient patients. We have started to clone the gene for rat CIITA, using PCR techniques, and have isolated a 433 base pair fragment. The full length CIITA sequence would be used to manipulate class II expression in experimental models, using, initially, antisense oligonucleotides. In the interim, we have gained experience with antisense technology by targeting the IL-2 molecule. This cytokine is integral to the interaction between an APC presenting peptide on its surface, and the T-cell. We have attenuated T-cell proliferation in in vitro assays, and show evidence that this is due to specific down-regulation of IL-2 production. In examining the intermediate steps between CIITA and class II expression, we have focused on the invariant chain. The invariant chain defines the ability of the class II molecule to present exogenous peptide. Its distribution in normal rat organs and transplanted kidneys is described. The results are unexpected, and the possible significance of the invariant chain in influencing self and non-self peptide recognition is discussed. Additionally, we report a new group of patients with MHC class II deficiency, from ethnic groups not previously seen to be affected, and immunohistology studies on fibroblast cell lines from these patients show a complete lack of invariant chain expression. Finally, we have looked for the presence of indirect allorecognition in the clinical situation of graft rejection. We have recruited patients undergoing follow-up for chronic rejection, and performed an in vitro assay to detect a T-cell response indicating the presence of indirect recognition. For reasons that are discussed, the results are negative.