jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Crime and Justice in Digital Society: Towards a ‘Digital Criminology’?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The opportunities afforded through digital and communications technologies, in particular social media, have inspired a diverse range of interdisciplinary perspectives exploring how such advancements influence the way we live. Rather than positioning technology as existing in a separate space to society more broadly, the ‘digital society’ is a concept that recognises such technologies as an embedded part of the larger social entity and acknowledges the incorporation of digital technologies, media, and networks in our everyday lives (Lupton 2014), including in crime perpetration, victimisation and justice. In this article, we explore potential for an interdisciplinary concept of digital society to expand and inspire innovative crime and justice scholarship within an emerging field of ‘digital criminology’.
The Transition from Typical Polyelectrolyte to Polysoap. II. Viscosity Studies of Poly-4-vinylpyridine Derivatives in Aqueous KBr Solutions.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Transition from Typical Polyelectrolyte to Polysoap. II. Viscosity Studies of Poly-4-vinylpyridine Derivatives in Aqueous KBr Solutions.Ulrich P. Strauss, Norman L. Gershfeld, and Evan H. CrookCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1956, 60, 5, 577–584Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1956Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1956https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j150539a016https://doi.org/10.1021/j150539a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views157Altmetric-Citations89LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
The Genetic Architecture of Fitness Drives Population Viability during Rapid Environmental Change

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

AbstractThe rapid global loss of biodiversity calls for improved predictions of how populations will evolve and respond demographically to ongoing environmental change. The heritability (h2) of selected traits has long been known to affect evolutionary and demographic responses to environmental change. However, effects of the genetic architecture underlying the h2 of a selected trait on population responses to selection are less well understood. We use deterministic models and stochastic simulations to show that the genetic architecture underlying h2 can dramatically affect population viability during environmental change. Polygenic trait architectures (many loci, each with a small phenotypic effect) conferred higher population viability than genetic architectures with the same initial h2 and large-effect loci under a wide range of scenarios. Population viability also depended strongly on the initial frequency of large-effect beneficial alleles, with moderately low initial allele frequencies conferring higher viability than rare or already-frequent large-effect alleles. Greater population viability associated with polygenic architectures appears to be due to higher short-term evolutionary potential compared with architectures with large-effect loci. These results suggest that integrating information on the trait genetic architecture into quantitative genetic and population viability analysis will substantially improve our understanding and prediction of evolutionary and demographic responses following environmental change.
Sidedress Nitrogen Application Rates to Sorghum Intercropped with Tropical Perennial Grasses

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Intercropping sorghum [ Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] with tropical perennial grasses and using the appropriate rate of sidedress N application can maximize grain yield (GY) and revenue and can improve land‐use efficiency (LUE). The effects of monocropped sorghum (MS) or sorghum intercropped with palisadegrass ( Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu; SPG) or guineagrass ( Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça; SGG) and sidedress N application rates of 0, 50, 100, and 200 kg ha −1 on leaf nutrient concentration, sorghum GY, revenue, and LUE were investigated during three growing seasons at Botucatu, SP, Brazil, on a clay, kaolinitic, thermic Typic Haplorthox. The SGG treatment had lower leaf N, P, and K concentrations and lower 1000‐grain weight, shoot dry matter, and GY than MS and SPG at all sidedress N rates; MS and SPG at 200 kg ha −1 of sidedress N resulted in greater sorghum GYs (3.80 and 3.81 Mg ha −1 , respectively). The forage dry matter production (FDMP) and crude protein of tropical perennial grasses were higher as a function of the sidedress N rate. The SGG treatment resulted in negative net profits for all sidedress N rates. The MS and SPG treatments (independent of sidedress N rates) resulted in similar net profits (approximately US$85 and $60 ha −1 , respectively). The SPG treatment using 200 kg ha −1 of sidedress N resulted in a higher land equivalent ratio and relative N yield (1.27 and 123%, respectively) than SGG (0.96 and 107%, respectively). The SPG treatment with 200 kg ha −1 of sidedress N is the best option for increasing sorghum GY, revenue, and FDMP from autumn to part of the spring and for improving LUE.
Towards integrated analysis of gender relations in farming systems analysis

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Gender sensitivity in agricultural research and development is considered to be crucial for effectively contributing to gender equity, but also for improving the effectiveness of Agricultural interventions in terms of poverty alleviation and improvement of household nutrition. Yet farming systems research often neglects the analysis of gender relations even when working in the contextof smallholder households. More than 30 years of research have repeatedly revealed that women hold an important role in smallholder agricultural production. In many cases, women contribute the bigger part of agricultural labor and are responsible for certain domains of production on which theyhave special local knowledge. Their responsibility for household nutrition has often been emphasized. Yet, because farming systems analysis and the modeling tools used for it often focus only on biophysical and economic data, women’s special needs, preferences and constraints arenot considered when innovations for the design or improvement of farming systems are developed. Therefore it is the aim of this study to integrate the analysis of gender relations in farming systems research.The study focuses on the conceptualization, i.e. the identification of relevant gender issues and their causal relations based on literature review and expert interviews. This information was used to identify possible extensions or changes to whole farm models. So far, the inclusion of sexdisaggregatedlabor profiles as well as separate household units by gender seems promising.The conceptual part of the study was complemented by a two week pilot study in the Eastern Province of Zambia, location to the ‘Sustainable intensification of maize-legume-livestock integrated farming systems in Eastern and Southern Africa’ (SIMLESA) project, led by the InternationalInstitute on Tropical Agriculture and one of the three regional projects of the Africa RISING program (Africa Research in Sustainable Intensification for the Next Generation). Interviews with female farmers were conducted to complement detailed household characterizations performed with data on female labor burdens and intra household decision-making. These data will be used to testpossible extensions for whole-farm models.
Web tool indicates the most effective health measures in deprived areas

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Primary care trusts in some of England's poorest areas have a new web based management tool to assess how they can improve mortality in their local population.

The programme, devised by the London Health Observatory and the Yorkshire and Humber Public Health Observatory for the Department of Health, allows trusts in deprived areas to see what measures would help save the most lives. It looks at four specific interventions known to have a major effect on mortality: smoking cessation; reducing infant …
3D Tissue Modeling of Skin Tissue

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The skin is the largest organ of the body. As it is the first line of defense from the external environment, it is the most vulnerable organ to injury. In 2016, there were 500 000 burn patients, and they incurred astronomical medical costs. Researchers have studied a wide range of treatments for skin injuries, including wound dressing, skin tissue engineering, and cell sheets. However, there are limitations to these treatments. They cannot regenerate the full thickness of the skin or heal extensive burn wounds. Many researchers are working towards developing skin bioprinting, which is a promising technology that can potentially be applied to overcome the limitations of current burn treatments. One of the key advantages of this technology is that it can be used to produce biomimetic artificial skin with multiple types of skin cells. Hence, various studies have been conducted using bioprinting technology to generate advanced biomimetic and functional skins containing vasculature, pigmentation, sweat glands and hair follicles. The resulting skin substitutes are expected to have a range of applications including cosmetics, skin disease modeling and drug development. In this chapter, we will review progress in bioprinting technology relating to manufacturing artificial skins.
Strategic Decisions for Green Electricity Marketing

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Green electricity (GE) has emerged as one of the most interesting instruments for promoting renewable electricity in liberalized markets, at least in theory. Indeed, some experiences have already been carried out, mostly in the U.S. and Europe. However, most of them have been largely unsuccessful. In this chapter, we look at previous surveys and studies carried out on customer response, and provide a review of the most relevant results achieved by GE experiences, in order to learn from them. As a result, we provide what we believe are the key strategic recommendations for green electricity retailers to launch a successful GE program. Although the green electricity market remains a difficult one, several improvements can be achieved by learning from past mistakes and carefully analysing the alternatives and the boundary conditions.
Clinico-dermoscopic Diagnosis of Skin Cancers in Skin of Color

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The diagnosis of skin cancers in the past was based on a visual inspection of the lesion, with the confirmation of doubtful lesions by a histopathological examination of the skin biopsy. Clinical examination alone, as the basis for undergoing skin biopsy of the lesion, may result in misdiagnosis in some cases, resulting in the mismanagement of lesions with malignant potential or unnecessary evaluation when a doubtful lesion is suspected. The development of dermoscopy as a noninvasive in vivo tool in the diagnosis of skin lesions has the potential to improve diagnosis as well as aid in early and more accurate identification of skin cancers as compared with the unaided eye. Dermoscopy has also gained increased interest in the management of skin cancers by regular dermoscopic examination on follow-ups to decide further course of management. When detected early, skin cancers can be cured by simple procedures or techniques; however, as the disease advances, it becomes more difficult to treat. This article reviews the role of dermoscopy in the diagnosis of commonly encountered primary skin cancers in skin of color.
Postnatal airway growth in cystic fibrosis piglets

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Mutations in the gene encoding the cystic fibrosis (CF) transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) anion channel cause CF. The leading cause of death in the CF population is lung disease. Increasing evidence suggests that in utero airway development is CFTR-dependent and that developmental abnormalities may contribute to CF lung disease. However, relatively little is known about postnatal CF airway growth, largely because such studies are limited in humans. Therefore, we examined airway growth and lung volume in a porcine model of CF. We hypothesized that CF pigs would have abnormal postnatal airway growth. To test this hypothesis, we performed CT-based airway and lung volume measurements in 3-wk-old non-CF and CF pigs. We found that 3-wk-old CF pigs had tracheas of reduced caliber and irregular shape. Their bronchial lumens were reduced in size proximally but not distally, were irregularly shaped, and had reduced distensibility. Our data suggest that lack of CFTR results in aberrant postnatal airway growth and development, which could contribute to CF lung disease pathogenesis. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This CT scan-based study of airway morphometry in the cystic fibrosis (CF) postnatal period is unique, as analogous studies in humans are greatly limited for ethical and technical reasons. Findings such as reduced airway lumen area and irregular caliber suggest that airway growth and development are CF transmembrane conductance regulator-dependent and that airway growth defects may contribute to CF lung disease pathogenesis.
Gender and the Medicalization of Healthcare

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Medicalization is a key concept of modernity, ubiquitously used in the social and medical sciences since the 1970s. We begin by adopting what sociologist Peter Conrad calls its essential meaning: ‘defining a problem in medical terms, usually as an illness or disorder, or using a medical intervention to treat it’ (Conrad, 2005: 3, emphasis in the original). In this large and growing field, scholars generally agree that medicalization was a critical — if not fundamental — transformation of the 20th century. As we will show in this chapter, scholars disagree about its definitions, its connection with the dynamics and conceptual apparatuses of modernity and a global economy, and its cultural situatedness.
Long-Term Calendar Aging across Commercial Lithium-Ion Cell Chemistries - Part II: Modeling and Early Prediction

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries are widely used in applications such as mobility, stationary grid systems, and various consumer and commercial systems. In electric vehicles (EVs), batteries often remain idle, with only about 10% utilization. Moreover, in stationary battery energy storage systems (BESS) designed for peak shaving, resting periods tend to cause more aging effects than the operational cycles. Consequently, quantifying the effect of calendar aging is crucial. However, current calendar aging models are inadequate for accurately modeling and predicting the diverse aging behaviors of commercial Li-ion batteries. In this study, we analyze a new, long-term Li-ion battery calendar aging dataset, which includes eight different commercial battery types. We compare and validate three calendar aging models—semi-empirical, symbolic regression, and Long Short-Term Memory Network (LSTM). We examine the transferability of these models across various commercial cell types, offering insights into their generalizability. Additionally, we introduce a novel trajectory-to-trajectory approach for early prediction of calendar aging lifetime. For the first time, we investigate the model's ability to interpolate and extrapolate aging behavior under different storage temperatures. This research provides practical insights for optimizing battery management strategies in conditions dominated by calendar aging.
Decentralized Optimization of Vehicle Route Planning—A Cross-City Comparative Study

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

New mobility concepts are at the forefront of research and innovation in smart cities. The introduction of connected and autonomous vehicles enables new possibilities in vehicle routing. Specifically, knowing the origin and destination of each agent in the network can allow for real-time routing of the vehicles to optimize network performance. However, this relies on individual vehicles being "altruistic" i.e., being willing to accept an alternative non-preferred route in order to achieve a network-level performance goal. In this work, we conduct a study to compare different levels of agent altruism and the resulting effect on the network-level traffic performance. Specifically, this study compares the effects of different underlying urban structures on the overall network performance, and investigates which characteristics of the network make it possible to realize routing improvements using a decentralized optimization router. The main finding is that, with increased vehicle altruism, it is possible to balance traffic flow among the links of the network. We show evidence that the decentralized optimization router is more effective with networks of high load while we study the influence of cities characteristics, in particular: networks with a higher number of nodes (intersections) or edges (roads) per unit area allow for more possible alternate routes, and thus higher potential to improve network performance.
A Coupled CFD-FEM Study on Slamming Loads and Structural Dynamic Responses of a Simplified Ro-Ro Ship

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Roll-on/Roll-off (Ro-Ro) ships with small deadrise angles may subject to substantial hydrodynamic loads, particularly during slamming events in adverse sea conditions. While existing studies have primarily focused on slamming loads and structural dynamics in the bow flare region, a notable research gap persists in understanding these phenomena when the bow doors are open — a critical scenario during emergencies or abrupt landings. This paper explores the specified scenario using a simplified model of a Ro-Ro ship — a symmetrical wedged grillage structure with two stiffened plates representing the bow doors. Numerical analysis based on a coupled CFD-FEM method is employed, and the slamming event is modeled as a free-fall water entry process. Validation is performed through simulations on a wedged grillage structure with a vertical bow plate and comparing results with available experimental studies. Subsequently, case studies are conducted for the simplified Ro-Ro ship with the bow doors in open and closed states, respectively, to assess the influence of the door status on slamming and structural responses. Additionally, four different current velocities are considered to investigate the effect of forward speed on slamming loads and dynamic responses of Ro-Ro ships. The study reveals that opening bow doors results in negative slamming pressure on the bow door structure, contrasting with positive values when doors are closed. Moreover, the strains (representing structural deformation) in the connection region between the doors and the hull structure is positive in the door-open state, in contrast to the negative strain observed when the doors are closed. A peak in the time history of strain is detected only when the doors are open. The study also shows that slamming occurs more rapidly with the increase of current velocity. As the current velocity increases, the amplification of maximum strain in the connection area also increases when the bow doors are open. These findings could be useful for the design of bow doors and the operation of Ro-Ro ships.
Africa’s Health Diplomacy

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Africa’s response to health challenges entered a new phase with the establishment of the African Union (AU) in 2002, with health added to its founding document. Despite this, the health of Africans has not significantly improved due to a plethora of national and international reasons. The poor state of the continent’s health was further diminished with the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, which added to Africa’s existing health and developmental challenges. The purpose of this chapter is fourfold. First, it sets out to explore the concept of health diplomacy. Second, it describes the state of health in Africa and the AU’s health architecture. Third, it analyses Africa’s health diplomacy. And finally, it outlines Africa’s health diplomacy in the context of the global COVID-19 pandemic.
Eco-friendly production of nutraceutical and cosmeceutical fatty acids by oleaginous fungus Lichtheimia hyalospora UCP 1266 using renewable substrates

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are essential for human functions and can be used in nutraceuticals; however, traditional sources are environmentally unsustainable. A promising strategy to reduce the production costs of PUFAs is the use of economical agro-industrial sources as substrates in culture media for oleaginous microorganisms. In this study, we investigated the potential of the fungus Lichtheimia hyalospora UCP 1266 (isolated from the Caatinga soil, Brazil) in the production of PUFAs, through the metabolic conversion of alternative substrates crude glycerol (CG) and corn steep liquor (CSL). The cultivation of L. hyalospora UCP 1266 in medium containing glucose (Synthetic Medium for Mucorales - SMM) yielded 2.1 g/L of biomass and 0.6 g/L of total lipids. However, assay 4 of the 22 full-factorial design, with CG 8% and CSL 8%, provided higher yields of biomass (15.5 g/L) and total lipids (12.8 g/L). The lipids produced in this medium presented a composition of saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids (SFAs=35.13%, MUFAs=46.09% and PUFAs=18.14%). The microorganism proved to be promising in the production of omega 6 (linoleic acid, C18:2), γ-linolenic acid (C18:3), omega 3 (α-linolenic acid, C18:3) and omega 9 (oleic acid, C18:1). The results indicated L. hyalospora UCP 1266 as an oleaginous fungus with great potential for use in the development of nutraceutical ingredients for food or applied in cosmeceuticals and/or nutricosmetics.