jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in Central Serous Chorioretinopathy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose: This article aims to evaluate the appearance of central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) with swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (SS-OCTA), to discuss whether localization of the leakage spot seen on fluorescein angiography (FA) corresponds to any recognizable spot on SS-OCTA, and to provide subsequent diagnosis of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in the course of CSC. Methods: A prospective interventional case series was conducted in a private outpatient office on 30 eyes of 27 patients. In addition to ophthalmic examination, FA, spectral-domain OCT, SS-OCT and SS-OCTA were performed at least once. If laser photocoagulation or anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) injection was administered, then all examinations were repeated afterward. Following SS-OCTA, morphology features of CSC were analyzed: localization of the leakage spot, presence of feeder vessels, and presence of CNV. Changes after treatment were recorded. Results: In 26 of 30 cases the leakage site on FA corresponded to a highly hyporeflective site on SS-OCTA. In 7 of these cases laser was successfully administered. In 20/30 eyes we additionally observed thickened vessels at the level of choriocapillaris in close proximity to the most hyporeflective spot. CNV was observed in 4 cases. The leakage spot is the most hyporeflective spot on SS-OCTA localized at the level of choriocapillaris. Additionally, choroidal feeder vessels might be visualized at the level of choriocapillaris in 66% of cases. In 4 eyes, CNV in the course of CSC was noted. Conclusions: In CSC, SS-OCTA is a valuable diagnostic tool and its results complement FA. It might add to the treatment process, especially regarding the need to start and to monitor anti-VEGF injections. Anti-VEGF treatment results in fading but not in complete disappearance of CNV in the course of CSC.
Strategies to Leverage Contractor Experience

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The construction manager/general contractor project delivery method is a relatively new approach for contracting public infrastructure projects in America. While added later to the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) Special Experimental Project No. 14 (SEP-14) program to investigate innovative contracting methods, state departments of transportation are only now beginning to more widely adopt this methodology. This paper analyzes a case study project to relocate Highway 53 in Saint Louis County, Minnesota - a Minnesota Department of Transportation (MnDOT) project that is one of only a handful of federally funded projects that have been completed under this project delivery method. Based on first-hand experience, key project participant interviews, and construction document analysis, the authors detail the procedures and processes used to leverage contractor experience and knowledge in order to minimize project risks and utilize project funding more efficiently. The goal of this paper is to provide industry practitioners with a comprehensive set of tools and practices that can be utilized on future projects looking to implement this project delivery method.
Study on prediction model of stroke risk based on decision tree and regression model

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In this study, the risk prediction model of stroke disease was established based on the data set of pre-cohort follow-up samples provided by the National Population Health Science Data Warehouse platform, and demographic data, living habits, past medical history and physical examination indexes as variable factors. The relationship between the influencing factors and the risk degree of stroke was discussed. Chi-square test and ANOVA were performed on the integrated data. The influential factors were selected through single-factor analysis results, and the final variables were determined based on previous research conclusions. The results showed that the incidence increased with age and significantly higher in males than in females. Among the lifestyle related factors, long-term smoking was a serious risk factor for stroke, and the incidence of hypertension with physiological indicators and other related factors over 65 years old was 28. Compared with Logistic regression model, there was no statistical difference between the two models, and the risk prediction model of CART algorithm could be used for disease prediction.
Challenges and best practices in EPCI projects: case research on offshore and marine industry in Singapore

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A systems view of the energy world is a must in this age of intense competition and limited availability of conventional energy sources. The massiveness and complexities of Engineering, Procurement, Construction and Installation (EPCI) Projects make it more relevant to integrate the principles of both Systems Engineering and Project Management in EPCI Project activities. The EPCI contractors have to deal with many challenges - technical, managerial, political, environmental, and others- during the long life cycle of EPCI Projects. In today's competitive global market with dynamic IT tools, it is imperative for any organization to remain ahead in the race by adopting best practices based on Systems Approach in Project Management in all facets of its operations. The prime objective of this dissertation is to study the challenges and complexities faced in EPCI projects by global prime contractors and by Singapore's offshore and marine industry contractors and propose best practices and recommendations. A systems approach should be followed by organizations to manage, allocate and time resources to achieve the enterprise-wide goals in an efficient and expeditious manner with the consideration of all global ramifications. The dissertation will address the challenges during all phases of EPCI projects and suggest ways to Singapore's Offshore and Marine Industry to stay competitive. The scope if this dissertation is to analyze two largest groups of Singapore's offshore and marine industry, namely Keppel Offshore and Marine (KOM) and Sembcorp Marine Ltd. (SCM). The major challenge to the industry is the rising competition mainly from China and Korea. Also a substantial number projects in the industry continue to be challenged. A coordinated application of Systems Engineering and Project Management can be one of the best practices that can help KOM and SCM to execute projects in more efficient, cost effective and environmental friendly manner. The recommendations in the dissertation will be provided by applying Project Management, Systems Engineering and strategy models to the offshore and marine industry.
Live Vessels’ Monitoring using Geographic Information and Internet of Things

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The purpose of this paper is to present the GIS Vessels Monitoring Platform, an integration platform, which collects information from various, heterogeneous internal and external sources and represents the collected information in a uniform way using a Geographical Information System. Furthermore, the collected information from Internet of Things (IoT) data sources for various critical parameters, such as the engine performance, gas emissions, navigation and vessel performance, is further used for analysis and as an input to both a decision support and an alerting system operated by the Maritime Company that monitors the vessels. More specifically, the paper discusses how the platform provides the management company and their departments with all the necessary information for monitoring a vessel in near real time. © 2022 IEEE.
Investigation of the 8 May 1998 event using satellite derived parameters

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The dryline has long been studied as a feature along which convection and severe weather occur. It is a narrow region with a strong moisture gradient that results from the advection of two different air masses, namely continental tropical (cT) air with origins in the southwest United States and northern Mexico and maritime tropical (mT) air from the Gulf of Mexico. The surface intercept of these air masses is generally accepted as the dryline location.\n\nOn 8 May 1998 a dryline formed in conjunction with low pressure that had redeveloped on the lee side of the Rocky Mountains. The system produced numerous storms as it progressed eastward across eastern New Mexico, western and central Texas, and Oklahoma. Severe weather, including hail, strong thunderstorm winds, and several weak tornadoes, were reported with these storms. Some of these events caused major crop and property damage.\n\nData collected by the geostationary satellite, GOES-8, were used to track and analyze the events of 8-9 May 1998 along with surface and upper-air observations and radar data. The GOES-8 imager was placed in Super-Rapid Scanning Operation (SRSO) for this case. Imagery was recorded at 1-minute intervals during certain periods in this scanning mode. Hourly Derived Product Images (DPI's) from the GOES-8 sounder were also utilized. Of the three available DPI's, lifted index and total precipitable water provided the most favorable results for locating and tracking the dryline and for understanding areas of convective inifiafion and storm growth or dissipation.
Effects of LEEP Combined with Interferon Suppositoryand Baofukang Suppository on Treating Cervical Erosion

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective:To investigate the clinical effects of LEEP combined with the Interferon suppository and Baofukang suppository on treating cervical erosion.Method:One hundred and sixty eight patients diagnosed with cervical erosion were randomly divided into:the test group and the control group.The test group was treated with the LEEP,then the Interferon suppository and Baofukang suppository were placed in their vaginas.The control group was simply treated with LEEP alone.Result:After 3 months,the cure rate of the test group is 92.86%,where the cure rate of the control group is 80.95%,there is significant difference(P0.05).Conclusion:LEEP combined with the Interferon suppository and Baofukang suppository is effective in treating cervical erosion,and more effective than simply LEEP.This method can reduce the duration and amount of vaginal discharge and bleeding compared to the simple LEEP.It also reduce the chance of infection.The treatment is simple to apply,with no side effects.The treatment would have wide range of clinical application.
Comparative Study of Adversarial Training Methods for Cold-Start Recommendation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Adversarial training in recommendation is originated to improve the robustness of recommenders to attack signals and has recently shown promising results to alleviate cold-start recommendation. However, existing methods usually should make a trade-off between model robustness and performance, and the underlying reasons why using adversarial samples for training works has not been sufficiently verified. To address this issue, this paper identifies the key components of existing adversarial training methods and presents a taxonomy that defines these methods using three levels of components for perturbation generation, perturbation incorporation, and model optimization. Based on this taxonomy, different variants of existing methods are created, and a comparative study is conducted to verify the influence of each component in cold-start recommendation. Experimental results on two benchmarking datasets show that existing state-of-the-art algorithms can be further improved by a proper pairing of the key components as listed in the taxonomy. Moreover, using case studies and visualization, the influence of the content information of items on cold-start recommendation has been analyzed, and the explanations for the working mechanism of different components as proposed in the taxonomy have been offered. These verify the effectiveness of the proposed taxonomy as a design paradigm for adversarial training.
Additional file 2 of Effect of intestinal microecology on postnatal weight gain in very preterm infants in intensive care units

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Additional file 2: Table S1. Comparison of communities at different levels at 2 weeks after birth (over 9%). Table S2. Comparison of communities at different levels at 4 weeks after birth (over 9%). Table S3. OTUs of the two groups at two weeks after birth. Table S4. OTUs of the two groups at four weeks after birth.
A Method to Adjust for Finger Arterial Pulse Temporal Variations: A Pilot Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective. To determine if temporal variability of the maximum rate of change of peripheral pulses, assessed via photoplethysmography (PPG), is reduced by normalization to peak PPG. Background. PPG derived data is useful to assess arterial stiffness, heart-rate-variability, blood pressure parameters and other conditions. But, temporal variability in PPG signals complicates interpretation. The proposed normalization method targets this issue. Methods. A convenience sample of seven medical students participated after signing an approved consent. While supine, a PPG sensor was placed around an index finger and pulses recorded for 45-minutes. At four time points after recording start (60-840-1740-2640 sec), 30 sequential pulses were analysed. Parameters analysed were the peak of the PPG pulse (PPGmax) and its maximum rate of change (dPPG/dt)max. Temporal variability of these and their ratio was determined based on the coefficient of variation among these time points. Results: Coefficients of variance averaged over time for PPGmax, (dPPG/dt)max, and the normalized ratio (dPPG/dt)max/PPGmax was 13.8%, 27.2% and 14.1% respectively. Conclusion: These pilot results indicate that temporal variance in the maximum rate of change of PPG pulses (dPPG/dt)max is reduced almost in half (27.2% vs. 14.1%) when its value is normalized to the peak PPG value. This adjustment may reduce variations in assessment parameters derived from PPG-signals such as blood pressure and pulse wave velocity. These pilot study findings provide a rationale for future studies with increased number of subjects to verify the present findings for healthy subjects with subsequent extensions to clinical applications and in persons with cardiovascular dysfunction.
Simulation of influence of template size on misfit dislocation in nanostructures

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The paper considers a model of misfit dislocation determination to establish the dislocation free contour map for nanotemplate geometrical size. Dislocation free contour map has been obtained for GaN and GaAs nanostructures on the substrate of AlN and Si, respectively. The results of Burger dislocation determination in nanostructures are proved by experiment and show good agreement.
Productivity, Technology and Economic Growth: What is the Relationship&quest;

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The relationship between productivity, technology and economic growth has been debated extensively in the endogenous growth, growth accounting, New Economy and policy literature. This paper briefly surveys the literature on total factor productivity (TFP) calculations - the various techniques and problems associated with it. We argue that TFP is not a measure of technological change and only under ideal conditions does it measure the supernormal profits associated with technological change. The critical driving force of economic growth is not the super normal profits that technological change generates but rather the continuous creation of opportunities for further technological development. Six illustrations of when TFP fails to correctly measure these super normal profits are provided. A version Carlaw and Lipsey's (2003b) model of endogenous general purpose technology- driven growth is then utilized to make some progress toward answering Prescott's (1998) call for a theory of TFP. The model is used to simulate artificial data and connect theoretical assumptions of returns to scale and resource costs to the conditions under which TFP miss-measures the actual growth of technological knowledge. Copyright Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2003.
High-order harmonic generation

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A brief overview of high‐order harmonic generation is given. Special emphasis is made on the use of this technique as a source of coherent radiation in the extreme ultraviolet. The experimental techniques as well as some characteristics of the generated radiation are presented. In particular, the wavelength range that can be covered and the number of photons per pulse that can be generated will be discussed and compared with other sources of radiation in this wavelength range. Finally some applications of radiation generated as high order harmonics will be briefly mentioned.
Some aspects of the biology of Pilaira species

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This thesis describes investigations into Pilaira anomla, P.caucasica and P.moreaui, also a brief review of previous work on these coprophilous mucoraceous fungi. The isolation of Pilaira from dung is described, together with measurements of the diagnostic characteristics of a number of isolates. P.anmala was found to produce a vegetative 'growth ring' when the mycelium was briefly exposed to light. This phenomenon was associated with a marked temporary reduction in vegetative growth, P.caucasica and P.moreaui did not show any such conspicuous responses. The carotene pigments present in P.anomala have been analysed in detail and related to analyses in other members of the Mucorales. The morphology and location on the mycelium of the priraordia of the sporangiophores has been studied. Sporangiophores were initiated by all three species in darkness, but a requirement for light by P.anomala for the development of the sporangium was found. The external morphology of the Stages of sporangiophore development are described, together with a brief study of the development of the columella and spores within the sporangium in all three species. The durations of the Stages of development have also been measured. The pattern of growth of the developing and mature sporangiophores has been studied. The twisting of the mature sporangiophore during growth was measured in P.caucasica and demonstrated in the other two species. The production of 'stolons' - abnormal sporangiophores, has been described. A detailed analysis of the positive phototropism of the young and mature Stages of sporangiophore development has been made, including the reversal of tropism under liquid paraffin and a close examination of the location of the bending zone in all three species. Finally, indication has been made of topics suitable for further investigation.
Representational momentum is impervious to kinematic but not dynamic variables in schizophrenic patients

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

When people are shown a moving object that suddenly disappears and are further instructed to locate its vanishing position, a systematic spatial error in the direction of the motion is observed. Entitled Representational Momentum (RepMo), this phenomenon seems to be influenced by low-level perceptual mechanisms and high-level cognitive aspects alike. Available neurophysiologic data has pinpointed area MT/V5 as required for the emergence of RepMo, a cerebral structure known to be compromised in schizophrenic patients. Although much is known about the variables that determine RepMo's magnitude (e.g., target's velocity, implied mass, direction of movement along or against the gravity axis), few studies attempted to measure RepMo with schizophrenic patients and, those that were published, seldom used a systematic manipulation of such variables. The present study intends to fill this gap. Both schizophrenic patients and normal controls participated in a repeated measures experiment where a black square, with 30, 60 or 90 pixels side, was shown moving at a constant velocity of 150, 300 or 450 pixels/s. After covering a distance of 300 pixels, either downwards, upwards, leftwards or rightwards, it disappeared. Participants were required to locate the last seen position, using a mouse that allowed control over a cross-shaped cursor. Results showed that dynamic variables (such as gravity and implied mass) didn’t differ between the groups. Notwithstanding, kinematic variables (velocity) didn’t show any significant effect in the schizophrenic group. These results are discussed within the distinction between perception-for-action and perception-for recognition, thus suggesting an impairment of the former in schizophrenia.
AnArchitectural Style forSupporting WorkPractice: CopingwiththeComplex Structure ofCoordination Relationships

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Wepresent anarchitectural style todirectly support the formal andinformal relationships thatunderlie work activity. Rather thandefining thedependencies between activities, ourfocus isonthestructure ofcoordination within theorganization. Theapproach isguided byaneed forscoped information andcommunication spaces, decentralized ownership ofworkproduct andprocess, andsupportforvarying levels ofworkdefinition, integrating structured models ofworkprocess with ad-hoc activities. Thebaseoftheapproach isapeer-to-peer style with peers supporting workparticipants. Peers aresubdivided into active taskspaces, associating information resources, software components, andcommunication. Independent connectors define therelationships between peers and provide themechanism fordefining larger morecomplex structures. This paper describes thestyle indetail anddiscusses aprototype implementation.
Protective Effect of Selenium-Enriched Ricegrass Juice against Cadmium-Induced Toxicity and DNA Damage in HEK293 Kidney Cells

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Cadmium (Cd) contamination in food is a problem endangering human health. Cd detoxication is an interesting topic particularly using food which provides no side effects. Ricegrass juice is a squeezed juice from young rice leaves which is introduced as a functional drink rich in polyphenol components. Se-enrichment into ricegrass is initiated to provide extra advantages of their functional properties. The protective role of ricegrass juice (RG) and Se-enriched ricegrass juice (Se-RG) against Cd toxicity during pre-, co- and post-treatment on HEK293 kidney cells were investigated. Results confirmed that RG and Se-RG had very low toxicity for kidney cells. Both extracts showed a protective role during pre-treatment and co-treatment against Cd toxicity by exerting a reduction in malondialdehyde (MDA) content and the percentage of DNA damage in tail and tail length of the comets over the Cd-treated cells. However, the Se-RG indicated additional benefits in all properties over RG. High Se content in Se-RG resulted in more protective effects of the regular ricegrass juice. In summary, this study provides clear evidence that Se-enriched ricegrass juice has potential to be developed as a functional food to protect the human body from Cd contamination via the reduction of oxidative stress and DNA damage.