jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Supplementary Materials Description from Combined morphological and phylogenomic re-examination of malawimonads, a critical taxon for inferring the evolutionary history of eukaryotes

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Modern syntheses of eukaryote diversity assign almost all taxa to one of three groups: Amorphea, Diaphoretickes and Excavata (comprising Discoba and Metamonada). The most glaring exception is Malawimonadidae, small heterotrophic flagellates that resemble Excavata by morphology, but group with Amorphea in most phylogenomic analyses. However, just one malawimonad, Malawimonas jakobiformis, has been studied with both morphological and molecular-phylogenetic approaches, raising the spectre of interpretation errors and phylogenetic artefacts from low taxon sampling. We report a morphological and phylogenomic study of a new deep-branching malawimonad, Gefionella okellyi n. gen. n. sp. Electron microscopy revealed all canonical features of ‘typical excavates’, including two opposed flagellar vanes (unlike M. jakobiformis but like many metamonads) and a composite fibre. Initial phylogenomic analyses grouped malawimonads with the Amorphea-related orphan lineage Collodictyon, separate from a Metamonada+Discoba clade. However, support for this topology weakened when more sophisticated evolutionary models were used, and/or fast-evolving sites and long-branching taxa (FS/LB) were excluded. Analyses of ‘-FS/LB’ datasets instead suggested a relationship between malawimonads and metamonads. The ‘malawimonad+metamonad signal’ in morphological and molecular data argues against a Metamonada+Discoba clade (i.e. the predominant concept of Excavata). A Metamonad+Discoba clade should therefore not be assumed when inferring deep-level evolutionary history in eukaryotes.
Chemerin/ChemR23 system plays crucial role upon vascular insulin signaling in db/db mice

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The adipokine chemerin and its receptor, chemokine‐like receptor 1 (ChemR23), influence major aspects of the metabolic syndrome, including adipogenesis and insulin sensitivity in adipocytes and skeletal muscle cells. Considering that chemerin impairs vascular reactivity and that amongst its many actions, insulin also influences vascular function, we postulate that chemerin impairs vascular insulin signaling via PI3K/Akt and that ChemR23 antagonism improves insulin signaling in diabetic mice. Lean (db/m) and obese and diabetic (db/db) mice were treated for 03 weeks by oral gavage with CCX 832 (ChemR23 antagonist). Mesenteric arteries, aorta and perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) were isolated to perform functional and molecular experiments. Plasma levels of chemerin and body weight were increased in db/db mice compared to their counterpart controls db/m. However, db/db mice treated with ChemR23 antagonist (CCX 832) exhibited a slightly decrease in body weight. ChemR23 antagonism in db/db mice partially reversed decreased insulin‐induced vasodilatation (mesenteric resistance arteries; Emax: db/m: 60.75±4.09; db/db: 40.84±2.38; db/m + CCX832: 67.87±8.93; db/db + CCX832: 50.17±3.84). CCX 832 prevented the rise in glucose and insulin levels observed in db/db mice. In aorta, there was a decrease in PI3K, Akt and IRS1 phosphorylation as well as in GLUT4 protein expression in db/db mice. Treatment of animals with ChemR23 antagonist increased GLUT4 protein expression and IRS1 phosphorylation, with a trend to augmented PI3K and Akt phosphorylation. db/db mice exhibited increased vascular ROS generation, which was decrease by CCX 832. M2 macrophages markers mRNA expression (IL‐10 and CD206) in PVAT was decreased in db/db mice and treatment with ChemR23 antagonist prevented this effect. However, no changes were observed in M1 macrophages markers mRNA levels. CCX 832 also blunted the rise in MCP‐1 and TNF‐α gene expression in PVAT from db/db mice. CCX 832 increased plasma and PVAT adiponectin levels, which were reduced in db/db mice. In conclusion, ChemR23 antagonism by CCX 832 (1) decreases body weight of db/db mice; (2) partially restores vascular function in db/db mice; (3) improves insulin signaling in aorta from diabetic mice; (4) decreases the inflammatory profile of adipocytes from db/db mice; (5) decreases vascular oxidative stress in db/db mice. These findings indicate that chemerin/ChemR23 axis may contribute to inflammation, oxidative stress and decreased vascular insulin signaling in diabetes. Our study may contribute to a better understanding of the role of chemerin in vascular dysfunction in diabetes‐ and obesity‐associated diseases. Support or Funding Information FAPESP 2012/13144‐8; 2015/01630‐3.
Ptosis Surgery: Complications that might happen

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Ptosis refers to drooping of the upper eyelid or narrowing of the palpebral fissure. There are so many etiologies postulated for this problem due to either congenital or acquired causes. Various techniques described to correct the pathology based on degree of ptosis and levator function. None of these though are absolutely save. Complications happen either intra-operatively, early post-operatively or even at late stage. Safety measures are needed to reduce such complications. These include precise knowledge of detailed anatomy and experienced procedural surgical skills.
In this review, we are highlighting on the most important complications that happen during or after these procedures
Sex Education Policy In Florida: Strategies For Change

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Sex education policies and programs in Florida are largely dominated by the abstinence-only approach. This paper makes the case that abstinence-only education is a failing policy in Florida, and evaluates strategies advocates may use in order to accomplish reform. Three different strategies are evaluated: countywide school district reform, statewide rejection of federal abstinence-only funding, and statewide standardization of sex education via legislation. Contrasts are drawn between all three strategies with regard to their potential impact on sex education policy in Florida, viability, and the challenges they present to advocates. This paper concludes that statewide standardization of sex education in Florida represents the best way to remedy the problem of insufficient sex education, but is unlikely to occur without increased bipartisan support in the Florida legislature. Statewide rejection of Title V federal abstinence-only funds remains an important policy goal for the purpose of accomplishing an end to federal abstinence grants but would likely achieve very little for Florida's students. Countywide sex education changes are thus far the only substantive victory for sex education advocates in Florida and should be instituted across the state with advocates taking special care to engage teachers, medical professionals, parents and local community leaders.
Pattern Visual Evoked Potentials and Flash Electroretinogram in Clinically Definite Multiple Sclerosis

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The authors have studied, by means of pattern visual evoked potential (VEP) and flash electroretinogram (ERG) recordings, a group of 15 patients affected by definite multiple sclerosis. All of the subjects examined presented a clinical history indicating involvement of the visual pathways; VEPs were altered in a high percentage of eyes examined (93.3%), while a lower percentage of abnormal ERGs was seen (20% of eyes examined). The only type of ERG alteration found consisted of a pathologic b wave voltage increase, observed mainly with red flash stimuli. This finding could be attributed to an involvement of centrifugal optic nerve fibers having inhibitory functions on retinal cells.
Compensation manipulator flexibility effects by modal space techniques

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The effects of structural dynamics on the design of control model for a large manipulator are described. A method for the suppression of vibrational motion by using the independent modal space control is presented. When deriving a suitable control model, the real constraints of computer size, processing times and required sensors have to be noted. A practical model for a large manipulator aimed for forest applications is presented. Both theoretical simulations and experimental tests were carried out by this model. The implementation of the control consepts are briefly described.
Immunological response to diphtheria/tetanus vaccine in Schistosomiasis mansoni patients.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The cellular and humoral immune responses of patients with S. mansoni infection were evaluated before and one month after each of two intramuscular doses of diphtheria/tetanus toxoid vaccine. Patients were divided into "responder" and "non-responder" groups based on anti-tetanus toxoid (anti-TT) IgG levels after vaccination. The specific anti-TT IgG1 response of the responder group was predominantly in the IgG, subclass. The lymphoproliferative response to PHA was also significantly higher in the responder group; this elevation was detectable before and after each vaccination. The responses to PWM and SPL were comparable in the two groups before vaccination, although the responder group had a higher response to SPL after vaccination. IgG antibodies for schistosome adult worm and egg antigens were significantly lower in the responder group prior to vaccination but not thereafter. Anti-diphtheria IgG antibodies were comparable in the two groups after vaccination at all times. Clinically, the non-responder patients had a higher incidence of splenomegaly (84.6% vs 44.8%) and were significantly older than the responder patients (mean 34.1 yrs vs 18.7 yrs). The cause for the reduced anti-tetanus IgG response in schistosomiasis patients is believed to be multifactorial. T cell or antigen presenting cell dysfunction, high levels of IgG antibodies specific for schistosome antigens, splenomegaly and age are factors that might lead to reduced anti-TT IgG response.
Investigations of Interactions and Mechanisms of Chiral Graphene Quantum Dots with DNA

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

手性作为自然界最重要的特性之一,与生命活动息息相关.因此,手性纳米材料在材料学及生物学相关领域的研究引起了极大的关注.本工作提出了一种采用一步水热法合成手性石墨烯量子点的新方法.该方法以柠檬酸和L-色氨酸为原料进行手性石墨烯量子点的合成,通过圆二色光谱法证明了两种手性石墨烯量子点具有两个对称性高的手性信号,圆二色吸收峰分别位于230 nm和305 nm.通过荧光光谱法获取了它们与ctDNA相互作用的系列热力学参数,采用粘度测量、DNA熔链温度实验并结合多种谱学方法证明,手性石墨烯量子点与小牛胸腺DNA(ctDNA)之间的结合存在较大的手性差异.紫外-可见吸收光谱证明手性石墨烯量子点均能使ctDNA的吸收峰红移,并出现减色效应.手性石墨烯量子点提高了ctDNA的熔链温度,但降低了ctDNA的相对粘度.通过氢键和范德华力相互作用,手性石墨烯量子点均插入ctDNA的G-C碱基对中,这严重影响了ctDNA的右手B型螺旋结构.因空间位阻效应不同,右手性石墨烯量子点比左手性石墨烯量子点更容易与右手B型螺旋的ctDNA结合,且对ctDNA的右手B型螺旋结构产生显著的影响.这些结论阐明了手性石墨烯量子点与ctDNA之间嵌插结合作用的分子机制,为手性纳米材料在化学、生物学、医学等许多科学领域的发展提供有价值的信息.
Mutational Analysis and Membrane Topology of ComP, a Quorum-Sensing Histidine Kinase of Bacillus subtilis Controlling Competence Development

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT ComP is a sensor histidine kinase of Bacillus subtilis required for the signal transduction pathway that initiates the development of competence for genetic transformation. It is believed that ComP senses the presence of ComX, a modified extracellular peptide pheromone, and donates a phosphate to ComA, thereby activating this transcription factor for binding to the srfA promoter. In the present study, fusions to the Escherichia coli proteins PhoA and LacZ and analysis of its susceptibility to the protease kallikrein were used to probe the membrane topology of ComP. These data suggest that ComP contains six or eight membrane-spanning segments and two large extracytoplasmic loops in its N-terminal membrane-associated domain. Deletions were introduced involving the large extracellular loops to explore the role of the N-terminal domain of ComP in signal transduction. The absence of the second loop conferred a phenotype in which ComP was active in the absence of ComX. The implications of these data are discussed.
Sugar and the Underdevelopment of Northeastern Brazil, 1500–1970. By Kit Sims Taylor. Gainesville: The University Presses of Florida, 1978. Pp. x, 167. $9.00.

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

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Characteristics of sleep disorders in patients with chronic back pain

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background. Insomnia is considered a risk factor for the frequency of pain, however, no reliable studies with a comprehensive analysis of the objective polysomnography data have been conducted so far. Objective. Using the method of polysomnography, to assess the changes in the structure of sleep in the chronic pain syndrome, by the example of chronic back pain. Methods. The study was carried out in two groups (basic and control,) in which the patients were examined according to the following algorithm: an objective examination, assessment of the neurological status, filling in neurological scales and questionnaires, a single comprehensive study of the night sleep (polysomnography). Results. According to the data of the polysomnographic study, presomnic disorders were detected in 25% of patients, intrasomnic disorders in 48%, and postsomnic disorders in 17%. Conclusion. These sleep patterns, measured by polysomnography, demonstrate a link between sleep disorders, changes in the psycho-vegetative status, and chronic pain syndrome.
MILIE: Modular & Iterative Multilingual Open Information Extraction

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Bhushan Kotnis, Kiril Gashteovski, Daniel Rubio, Ammar Shaker, Vanesa Rodriguez-Tembras, Makoto Takamoto, Mathias Niepert, Carolin Lawrence. Proceedings of the 60th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers). 2022.
The Completed Story in "The Mystery of Edwin Drood"

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

For Minor Canon Corner was a quiet place in the shadow of the Cathedral, which the cawing of the rooks, the echoing footsteps of rare passers, the sound of the Cathedral-bell, or the roll of the Cathedral organ, seemed to render more quiet than absolute silence. Swaggering fighting men had had their centuries of ramping and raving about Minor Canon Corner, and beaten serfs had had their centuries of drudging and dying there... and behold they were all gone out of Minor Canon Corner, and so much the better. Perhaps one of the highest uses of their ever having been there was that there might be left behind that blessed air of tranquility which pervaded Minor Canon Corner, and that serenely romantic state of mind—productive for the most part of pity and forebearance—which is engendered by a sorrowful story that is all told, or a pathetic play that is played out.
The Politics of International Terrorism in the Security Complexes in the Greater Horn of Africa: An Overview from Uganda under the Movementocracy

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The article attempts to analyse the phenomenon of international terrorism in the Greater Horn Security Complexes, with the emphasis on the role of Uganda’s Movementocratic government. The article is premised on the thesis that ‘InternationalTerrorism’, apart from its local, national, regional and global causes, has become one of the key determinants of foreign policy and regional relations in the Greater Horn of Africa, and even more so for Uganda. It asserts that given the uniqueness of the Movementocracy and the global appraisal of this governance, Uganda is at the moment standing up to be counted by western countries as one of the vanguards in the fight against international terrorism in the Greater Horn of Africa. It also considers the causes and consequences of international terrorism and the methodologies and strategies for addressing this political scourge at the local, national, regional, continental and global levels. Here we shall examine unilateral, bilateral and multilateral approaches in dealing with international terrorism through states and non-states arrangements and methodologies.
Main Trend Extraction Based on Irregular Sampling Estimation and Its Application in Storage Volume of Internet Data Center

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The storage volume of internet data center is one of the classical time series. It is very valuable to predict the storage volume of a data center for the business value. However, the storage volume series from a data center is always “dirty,” which contains the noise, missing data, and outliers, so it is necessary to extract the main trend of storage volume series for the future prediction processing. In this paper, we propose an irregular sampling estimation method to extract the main trend of the time series, in which the Kalman filter is used to remove the “dirty” data; then the cubic spline interpolation and average method are used to reconstruct the main trend. The developed method is applied in the storage volume series of internet data center. The experiment results show that the developed method can estimate the main trend of storage volume series accurately and make great contribution to predict the future volume value.
Influence of the Processing Method on the Heat Resistance of a Recycled Block Copolymer of Propylene and Ethylene Filled with Rice Hulls

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Polymer composites based on recycled thermoplastic polymers filled with biodegradable components of plant origin are developed. Repeated thermal and mechanical action on polymers during their processing in the presence of dispersed phase particles leads to a change in the thermophysical and strength characteristics of finished products. The patterns of change in the heat resistance of the polymer composites based on a recycled block copolymer of propylene and ethylene and rice hulls processed by injection molding and pressing are studied. It is shown that filling the recycled polymer with rice hulls leads to an increase in the heat resistance of the composites, which is characterized by an increase in the deflection temperature under load, the Vicat softening temperature, and the decomposition temperature during thermogravimetric analysis in an inert atmosphere. Compared to the injection molding method, pressing of the polymer composites makes it possible to obtain more heat-resistant plastic products. This is obviously due to the differing degrees of crystallinity of the polymer phase. The high cooling rate of the polymer composite melt during the filling of the injection mold does not provide the time necessary for the corresponding change in the conformation of macromolecules and the formation of the crystalline phase. As a consequence, an increase in the content of the amorphous phase of the recycled block copolymer of propylene and ethylene reduces the heat resistance of the prototypes.
Barriers to inclusion: a case study of a pupil with severe learning difficulties in Ireland

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The aim of this study was to examine the inclusion of a pupil with a severe general learning difficulty in a four‐teacher mainstream primary school, located in rural Ireland. The research employed a qualitative multiple operationism approach to data collection. Data were analysed qualitatively, and quantitative reporting and display procedures were also employed. This paper focuses on curricular and social access, the pupil’s perception, peers’ perception and the impact on peers. The study identified the existence of a number of dilemmas in seeking to secure successful inclusion. These included concerns over specialist teaching materials, mainstream teachers’ perception of meeting the needs of pupils with special educational needs as constituting an esoteric specialist domain, non‐disabled pupils’ lack of knowledge and understanding of learning disability, and the extent to which the pupil was included socially. Questions are raised about the model of support for inclusive education in Ireland.
Materials Data on MnInPd2 by Materials Project

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Pd2MnIn is Heusler structured and crystallizes in the cubic Fm-3m space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Mn is bonded in a body-centered cubic geometry to eight equivalent Pd atoms. All Mn–Pd bond lengths are 2.78 Å. Pd is bonded in a body-centered cubic geometry to four equivalent Mn and four equivalent In atoms. All Pd–In bond lengths are 2.78 Å. In is bonded in a body-centered cubic geometry to eight equivalent Pd atoms.
37 Blackout: The European Electricity Supply System in Transition

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

The European electricity supply system is undergoing a fundamental transformation. Many steps are taking place in parallel and seem to be poorly coordinated and harmonized. However, a system is always more than the sum of its parts. Due to the numerous changes and their interdependencies, these processes of change also increase the danger of major disruptions, up to and including a possible supra-regional power blackout. However, the consequence would not only be a large-scale power blackout. It would inevitably trigger chain reactions in the entire supply logistics that are hardly assessable, and for which neither the people nor the companies nor the state and its organs are prepared. This article examines the far-reaching upheavals in the European power supply system and the possible consequences of a blackout.
Treatment patterns in patients with acute myeloid leukemia in the United States: a cross-sectional, real-world survey

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: The aim of this analysis was to examine treatment patterns in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in routine clinical practice in the United States, including factors influencing the choice of front-line treatment intensity and the effect of age and treatment line. Methods: We used data from the Adelphi AML Disease Specific Programme, a real-world, cross-sectional survey conducted in 2015. Physicians completed patient record forms providing patients’ demographic and clinical characteristics. Results: In total, 61 academic, non-academic, and office-based hematologists and hematology/oncology specialists provided data on 457 patients with AML; 284 had ≥20% blasts (World Health Organization defined AML) and were included in the analysis. In the front-line setting, 60% of patients received high-intensity therapy, most commonly cytarabine plus anthracycline; the most common low-intensity treatments were hypomethylating agents. Primary drivers for selecting high-intensity versus low-intensity treatment were age, performance status and comorbidities; 67%, 64% and 61% of physicians stated they would prescribe high-intensity treatment to patients aged <65 years, with good performance status or no comorbidities, respectively. In practice, patients aged <60 years were more likely to receive high-intensity induction treatment (high vs. low intensity by age p Conclusions: Most patients in this analysis of real-world survey data received well established, front-line induction therapies. Treatment intensity was determined by age, comorbidities and performance status, as recommended by guidelines.