jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Extracellular Cyclic AMP-Adenosine Pathway in Renal Physiology

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

▪ Abstract Many cell types in the kidney express adenosine receptors, and adenosine has multiple effects on renal function. Although adenosine is produced within the kidney by several biochemical reactions, recent studies support a novel mechanism for renal adenosine production, the extracellular cAMP-adenosine pathway. This extracellular cAMP-adenosine pathway is initiated by efflux of cAMP from cells following activation of adenylyl cyclase. Extracellular cAMP is then converted to adenosine by the serial actions of ecto-phosphodiesterase and ecto-5′-nucleotidase. When extracellular cAMP is converted to adenosine near the biophase of cAMP production and efflux, this local extracellular cAMP-adenosine pathway permits tight coupling of the site of adenosine production to the site of adenosine receptors. cAMP in renal compartments may also be formed by tissues/organs remote from the kidney. For example, stimulation of hepatic adenylyl cyclase by the pancreatic hormone glucagon increases circulating cAMP, which is filtered at the glomerulus and concentrated in the tubular lumen as water is extracted from the ultrafiltrate. Conversion of hepatic-derived cAMP to adenosine in the kidney completes a pancreatohepatorenal cAMP-adenosine pathway that may serve as an endocrine link between the pancreas, liver, and kidney.
Transitivity of Heisenberg group extensions of hyperbolic systems

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Abstract We show that among C r extensions ( r >0) of a uniformly hyperbolic dynamical system with fiber the standard real Heisenberg group ℋ n of dimension 2 n +1, those that avoid an obvious obstruction to topological transitivity are generically topologically transitive. Moreover, if one considers extensions with fiber a connected nilpotent Lie group with a compact commutator subgroup (for example ℋ n /ℤ), among those that avoid the obvious obstruction, topological transitivity is open and dense.
Classical trajectory and adiabatic channel study of the transition from adiabatic to sudden capture dynamics. I. Ion–dipole capture

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Classical trajectory calculations of ion–permanent+induced dipole capture processes are performed over very wide ranges of conditions. The results are represented in a simple, two-parametric analytical form of high precision. The transition from adiabatic to nonadiabatic dynamics is expressed in terms of the Massey parameter. In the adiabatic range, perfect agreement (better than 0.4%) of the derived thermal capture rate constants from classical trajectories and results from accurate statistical adiabatic channel (SACM) calculations is obtained.
The Ancient Complement System: Role in Physiology and Defense

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

The Ancient Complement System: Role in Microbial Clearance, Lipid Transport and Prevention of Autoimmunity\n This study concentrates on the complement system, which is part of the nonspecific or innate immune system. The complement system may be considered a primordial enzyme system that was, before enhancing cytolysis, primarily involved in the enhancement of transportation of opsonized (C3b-laden) particles through the circulation towards eliminatory organs in the human body. \n In primates, adherence of opsonized particles to the cellular C3b-receptor (CR1) is called immune adherence. Although erythrocytes carry low numbers of CR1s on their surface, their receptors are clustered in such a way that erythrocyte immune adherence is more efficient than on e.g. neutrophils. Because 95% of CR1s in the circulation are erythrocyte-bound, the role of erythrocytes in transport and elimination of microbes, immune complexes and tumor cells is indispensable.\n Our studies concerned the investigation of lectin and classical pathway proteins mannose-binding lectin (MBL) and complement factor C4. The prevalence of MBL deficiency in the Dutch population was investigated (chapter 3). The development of a hemolytic MBL assay is described, which may be of great value for the further analysis of MBL and/or MBL-associated protein deficiency (chapter 4). By adapting this functional MBL assay, microorganism-induced MBL activation could be investigated, leading to a new way of looking at MBL-activating potencies of microbes (chapter 5). As Legionella pneumophila was found capable of activating the MBL pathway, the question arose as to what the role of MBL in legionellosis might be (chapter 6).\n Complement factor C4 is shared by the lectin and classical complement pathways. Although synthesized mainly in the liver, the thyroid and adrenals also produce C4 transcripts for, as yet, unknown reasons. Possibly, the link between (auto)immunity and endocrine systems can be sought at the level of the diseased organ (chapter 8).\n By now, it is clear that the lectin and alternative pathways are the most ancient complement pathways. Possibly, these pathways constitute intimately linked parts of a single pathway, whereas the antibody-dependent classical pathway must have evolved about 450 million years ago, when antibodies developed. Other targets of opsonization by these complement pathways may be lipoproteins and DNA. Apolipoprotein B activates the complement system via the lectin pathway, followed by lipid particle opsonization and immune adherence (chapter 7). Hypothetically, DNA may have been the target of the primitive immune system via MBL binding to pentose sugars. \n The complement system does not only play an important role in the immunological and microbiological field but it may be one of the key players in endocrinology and lipidology. Further research needs to be done to prove the hypotheses raised by our results.
"He is still waiting – when will the native steppe..." ("Vsyo zhdet on – skoro l’ step’ rodnaya…"): the poem "Emshan" by A. N. Maikov (to the 200th anniversary of the poet’s birth)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This article provides a philological analysis of A. N. Maykov’s poem "Emshan". The purpose of this work includes demonstrating the poet’s stylistic and diverse craftsmanship, revealing the semantic, sonic, and rhythm-melodic refrains in the poem’s text, and a deeper understanding of its content. This has required using the methods of slow reading, historical and linguistic commenting, as well as the line-by-line, rhythmic-semantic, and immanent analysis. The results show that Apollon Maykov’s poetry is distinguished by a harmonious combination of pictoriality and expressiveness, the recreation of personal external and internal worlds in their unity and interpenetration, and the masterful use of the entire rhythmic-melodic palette of a Russian verse. The author of this article emphasizes the need to acknowledge this great Russian poet and his achievements, to popularize his creative heritage, and to conduct a more thorough and extensive study of his work at schools.
A baseline study of the occurrence of non-indigenous species in Danish harbours

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

We report the first ever nation-wide study of the occurrence of non-indigenous species in Danish harbours. The sampling was car-ried out using both conventional and biomolecular methods (eDNA). In total, 16 harbours were covered – Esbjerg and Aarhus, the two largest harbours in Denmark, with intensive sampling and 14 harbours with a reduced programme. 26 non-indigenous species were recorded using conventional sampling and 13 species were recorded using eDNA-based methods. Excluding overlapping rec-ords, we have recorded a total of 34 non-indigenous species in the 16 harbours studied. Based on the results, we conclude the following: 1) more non-indigenous species are found in the western parts of Denmark (North Sea region) then in the eastern parts (Baltic Sea), and 2) a few species previously unseen in Danish marine waters were recorded, i.e. the two bristle worms Eteone het-eropoda (fam. Phyllodocidae) and Streblospio benedicti (fam. Spionidae). Further, we provide a proof-of-concept regarding the overarching objectives of the MONIS 1-3 projects and the eDNA-based test systems developed. The results constitute a baseline for future studies in Danish ports and other hotspot areas.
Institutional support to Croatian poultry production

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Peradarska proizvodnja je važna grana stocarstva koja sudjeluje s oko 7 % u ukupnoj poljoprivrednoj proizvodnji Hrvatske, odnosno s udjelom od 18 % u vrijednosti stocarske proizvodnje. Iako proizvodnja mesa peradi i jaja udovoljava domacim potrebama, strucne analize o tržistu peradarskih proizvoda pokazuju da Hrvatska nije iskoristila svoje potencijale osobito kada se radi o novim proizvoda na bazi mesa peradi i jaja i proizvoda visoke vrijednosti (autohtoni, zasticenog podrijetla i tradicionalnog ugleda). Za jacanje konkurentnosti hrvatskih peradarskih proizvoda na europskom i svjetskom tržistu nužna je odgovarajuca potpora upravnih i strucnih službi koje su nadležne za tu proizvodnju. Nasa je polazna pretpostavka da postojeci sustav strucne pomoci na državnoj i lokalnoj razini u podrucju peradarstva nije dostatan za bržu prilagodbu suvremenim znanstvenim spoznajama u podrucju proizvodnje i zdravstvene zastite peradi, osobito kad je rijec o obiteljskim poljoprivrednim gospodarstvima. Cilj je rada dati uvid u postojeci sustav institucionalne potpore hrvatskom peradarstvu te dati osnovne smjernice za razvitak djelotvornijeg sustava strucne podrske i edukacije obiteljskih peradarskih gospodarstava.
Enhanced Urea Production in the Diazotroph Azotobacter vinelandii as a Means of Stable Nitrogen Biofertiliser Production

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Diazotrophic microbes capture atmospheric nitrogen and convert it into ammonia using the enzyme nitrogenase in a process that provides much of the fixed nitrogen that is required to sustain life in the biosphere. The advent of the Haber Bosch industrial process in the 20th century ushered in an age when agricultural productivity could circumvent the constraints of biological nitrogen fixation, leading to higher productivity based on chemical fertilisers. This industrial process now provides a substantial amount of the nitrogen that we apply to crops, but comes with a large environmental and economic cost. In contrast, biological nitrogen fixation still contributes nitrogen to crops and has the potential to displace some of the industrial nitrogen if we can engineer methods to increase nitrogen levels that are provided to the plant or develop stronger associations between diazotrophs and nonlegume plants. Many of the processes scientists have employed to enhance the nitrogen production by diazotrophs to develop improved biofertilisers have focused on delivering nitrogen in the form of ammonium. In this report, we describe an alternative approach that provides the nitrogen as urea in the form of a terminal product. Using the model diazotroph Azotobacter vinelandii and a three‐step approach that deletes the native urease, incorporates a functional arginase and overcomes the feedback inhibition of the arginine biosynthesis pathway, we have increased levels of urea that could be obtained from previous approaches by approximately 43‐fold. Our results demonstrate the ability to support the growth of a green alga with these engineered strains and yield total extracellular nitrogen that is comparable to what has been achieved with ammonium.
Non‐pungent long chain capsaicin‐analogs arvanil and olvanil display better anti‐invasive activity than capsaicin in human small cell lung cancers

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The nutritional compound capsaicin inhibits the invasion of many types of human cancers. The clinical development of capsaicin as an anti‐cancer drug is limited due to its unfavorable side effects like burning sensation, stomach cramps, gut pain, and nausea. This study compared the anti‐invasive activity of capsaicin to non‐pungent long chain capsaicin analogs, namely arvanil and olvanil, in human small cell lung cancer cells. Boyden chamber invasion assays revealed that arvanil and olvanil displayed improved anti‐invasive activity relative to capsaicin in human SCLC cells. The results of the Boyden chamber assay were confirmed by the spherical invasion assay, and similar results were obtained. The anti‐invasive activity of arvanil, olvanil and capsaicin were independent of TRPV and CB1 receptors. Furthermore, the anti‐invasive activity of arvanil, olvanil and capsaicin were mediated by the AMPK pathway. Depletion of AMPK levels by siRNA methodology abrogated the anti‐invasive activity of arvanil, olvanil and capsaicin. The non‐pungent capsaicin analogs arvanil and olvanil display improved anti‐invasive activity relative to capsaicin in human SCLC cells. These agents may represent the second generation of capsaicin‐like compounds which are more potent than the parent molecule and have a better side effect profile. Support or Funding Information Funding for our study was supported by the an NIH R15‐AREA Grant (2R15CA161491‐02), AICR Investigator Grant, and a NASA Undergraduate Fellowship to JS.
Quaternary continental weathering geochronology by laser-heating 40Ar/39Ar analysis of supergene cryptomelane

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Research Article| July 01, 2001 Quaternary continental weathering geochronology by laser-heating 40Ar/39Ar analysis of supergene cryptomelane Yuexing Feng; Yuexing Feng 1Department of Earth Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Paulo Vasconcelos Paulo Vasconcelos 1Department of Earth Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Geology (2001) 29 (7): 635–638. https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(2001)029<0635:QCWGBL>2.0.CO;2 Article history received: 10 Nov 2000 rev-recd: 09 Mar 2001 accepted: 27 Mar 2001 first online: 02 Jun 2017 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Search Site Citation Yuexing Feng, Paulo Vasconcelos; Quaternary continental weathering geochronology by laser-heating 40Ar/39Ar analysis of supergene cryptomelane. Geology 2001;; 29 (7): 635–638. doi: https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(2001)029<0635:QCWGBL>2.0.CO;2 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Refmanager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentBy SocietyGeology Search Advanced Search Abstract Incremental laser-heating analyses of supergene cryptomelane clusters extracted from three distinct weathering profiles from the Mary Valley region, southeast Queensland, Australia, yield reproducible and well-defined plateau ages ranging from 346 ± 15 to 291 ± 14 ka (2 σ). Precipitation of supergene cryptomelane in this period implies that relative humid climate prevailed in southeast Queensland from 340 to 290 ka, a result consistent with oxygen isotope analyses of marine sediments from Ocean Drilling Program Site 820 and with regional pollen and spore records. These results, the first report on the precise 40Ar/39Ar dating of Quaternary supergene cryptomelane, indicate that 40Ar/39Ar analysis of pedogenic minerals provides a reliable geochronometer for the study of Quaternary surficial processes useful in the study of soil formation rates, continental paleoclimates, and archaeological sites devoid of datable volcanic minerals. You do not have access to this content, please speak to your institutional administrator if you feel you should have access.
Implementasi Prinsip Demokrasi Pancasila dalam Membangun Karakter Anak di Panti Asuhan

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Pancasila democracy is a moral guideline that reflects the noble values of the nation that must be applied by every citizen to carry out aspects of life properly. Pancasila Democracy has an important effect on the welfare of national life. The implementation of Pancasila Democracy principles, especially the fourth principle emphasizes the importance of democratic decision-making through deliberation and consensus, which teaches children to respect opinions, be responsible, and work together to achieve common interests. Family is the first place for a child to build character. However, not all children get full support from their families. For some children who grow up in an orphanage environment, they view the orphanage as a facilitator in providing education and good role models. Therefore, foster parents have an important role in children's character education in orphanages. This study uses a qualitative approach with a literature study method by collecting literature sources related to the topic from journals, articles, and other information. The results of the study show that the principles of Pancasila democracy can be implemented by orphanage children by doing play activities, learning in groups, and learning to cooperate.
Fear, “Discomfort,” Anger, and Shame in the Night-Time Economy: Women's Responses to Unwanted Sexual Intrusions

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Despite a surge of attention to gender-based violence (GBV), research about the night-time economy (NTE) as a site of gendered violence is limited. Even less research examines women's emotional responses to “unwanted sexual intrusions” (USI) in the NTE. Analyzing women's emotional responses can generate deeper understanding of social phenomena, power and its operation, and is in keeping with feminist theorizing that uses a victim-survivor-centered approach. Analysis of qualitative data, from a survey we conducted in the United Kingdom, reveals women experience USI in the NTE as a frightening, shameful injustice. The article discusses these emotions in light of the changing “emotional climate” about GBV.
SUBSURFACE FLOW COMPONENT FOR ANNAGNPS

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The Annualized Agricultural Non-Point Source Pollutant Loading (AnnANPSPL) model is a watershed scale,continuous simulation, daily time step model that is currently utilized in many locations of the United States by theEnvironmental Protection Agency, Natural Resources Conservation Service, and others to estimate the impact of bestmanagement practices on non-point source pollution. The model has many unique and powerful capabilities, but prior toAnnAGNPS version 2.2, subsurface lateral flow and subsurface drainage features were not available. Subsequently,subsurface lateral flow, including a subsurface drainage feature, was incorporated into AnnAGNPS and is described in thisarticle. Subsurface lateral flow was defined based on Darcys equation and subsurface drainage was determined usingHooghoudts equation. Users have several options available within AnnAGNPS to determine the impact of subsurfacedrainage based on the availability of information on the drainage system. Subsurface lateral flow and subsurface drainagewere assumed to occur only when the soil becomes saturated. As part of an inter-agency sedimentation project, the modelwith the subsurface enhancements was applied to the Ohio Upper Auglaize watershed non-point source modeling project toevaluate alternative agricultural management scenarios in reducing soil erosion and sediment loading within the watershed.The application illustrated the importance of including subsurface capabilities in watershed models by indicating thatsubsurface drainage systems within the watershed increased total runoff, but reduced direct surface runoff that, in turn,reduced soil erosion and sediment delivery from the watershed. Sediment loadings for drained conditions were less thanloadings for un-drained conditions in all simulated scenarios; and the sediment loadings for drained conditions were reducedby 7% to 16% compared with un-drained conditions. Furthermore, the model indicated that application of various areas ofno-till or grassland to the watershed could reduce the sediment loading transported from the watershed to a range of 39%to 82% of the existing condition.
Contemporary Demographic, Treatment, and Geographic Distribution Patterns for Disorders of Sex Development

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This study aimed to describe the demographic characteristics, hospital utilizations, patterns of inpatient surgical management, and the overall state/regional variation in surgery rate among patients with disorders of sex development (DSD). We analyzed the Nationwide Inpatient Sample from 2001 to 2012 for patients younger than 21 years. DSD-related diagnoses and procedures were identified via International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD-9) codes. We identified a total of 43,968 DSD-related admissions. Of these, 73.4% of the admissions were designated as female and 642 (1.9%) were inpatient surgical admissions. Among neonates, less than 1% underwent any type of genital surgery. Nonsurgical admissions were associated with longer length of stay and higher cost. There was no significant regional variation in the rate of DSD surgeries, but we observed higher concentrations of DSD surgeries in states associated with tertiary referral centers.
Additional file 8 of Human placental mesenchymal stromal cells are ciliated and their ciliation is compromised in preeclampsia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Additional file 8:. Table S4. Clinical information of term preeclampsia (PE) patients and matched controls, whose placental tissues were collected for the isolation of chorionic mesenchymal stem cells (hCV-MSCs). Mean value or value range ± standard deviation is shown
Managing Science and Technology for a Sustainable Future

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This paper explores the determinants of the linkages between industry and research organizations – including universities. We present new evidence on three wine producing areas – Piedmont, a region of Italy, Chile, South Africa that have successfully reacted to the recent structural changes experienced in the industry worldwide. Based on an original data-set, we carry out an econometric exercise to study the microeconomic determinants of researchers’ collaborations with industry. The evidence reveals that individual researcher characteristics, such as embeddedness in the academic system, age and sex, matter more than their publishing record or formal degrees.
INTERACTIONS BETWEEN pH AND MALIC ACID CONCENTRATION ON THE INACTIVATION OF LISTERIA MONOCYTOGENES1

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT The effects and interactions of malic acid concentration and pH on the inactivation kinetics of a three strain mixture of Listeria monocytogenes was studied in brain heart infusion broth (BHI). The medium was supplemented with malic acid and monosodium malate to achieve pH levels of 3.0, 3.5, 4.0, 4.5, 5.0, 5.5, 6.0, 6.5 or 7.0 in conjunction with concentrations of 0.0, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 M. Duplicate 20‐mL portions of each pH/malate level were inoculated (ca. 10 8 cfu/mL), stored aerobically at 28C, and assayed periodically for viable counts by plating on BHI agar. Survivor curves were generated by fitting data to a linear model that includes a lag term and used to calculate D‐values and “times to 4‐D inactivation”. Inactivation rates were dependent on both the pH and malic acid concentration. At the higher pH levels, malic acid appeared to provide some degree of protection compared to control cultures where the pH was adjusted with HCl. At lower pH values and at higher malic acid concentrations, a concentration‐dependent anion effect was observed. The results indicate that malic acid is a relatively benign organic acid. Its antimicrobial characteristics are similar to those of citric acid and is substantially less bactericidal than lactic or acetic acids.