jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
After Punk: Cynicism and Social Corruptibility

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

According to Thomas Meinecke's last essay for Mode & Verzweiflung, his and FSK's attempt to subvert the sociopolitical mainstream via post-punk reading practices ended in 1987. "Last Contribution: Quarantine" concludes that the "dark belief in the good in politics will have to be, sooner or later, replaced with the shining belief in its corruptibility" (123). Such sentiment is unsurprising. For if the meltdown at Chernobyl a year prior was not enough to deter the political and social appetite for nuclear Cold War, then the dynamism of a subculturally spawned apocalypse—punk's good politics—stood slim chance of altering the trajectory of the public sphere. Attuned to that reality, certain factions of eighties' punk changed course; they disavowed adherence to chaos and dystopia and instead willingly took up mainstream positions. Thus, while punk fanzines such as Ostrich, brauchbar/unbrauchbar, and Hamburger Abschaum were never meant to last, Meinecke's pessimism at the demise of Mode & Verzweiflung's resistive politics should not be taken at face value.2 In light of the culture industries' ability to level the most apocalyptic moments, his exaltation of corruption and failure must be understood through a different logic, one that underwrites punk's perhaps most cunning move: selling out by means of adapting affirmative mainstream aesthetics. This chapter details that move, how punk feigned the death of shock, chaos, and subversive consumption to engender the social torpor it despised so much.KeywordsPublic SpherePopular CultureAesthetic ExperienceCulture IndustryGerman LiteratureThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Possibilities of decarbonization of ironmaking processes using hydrogen

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract In light of the European Green Deal arrangements regarding global warming and the tightening greenhouse gas (CO 2 ) emission standards increasing emission fees, it is necessary to take decarbonization actions in the broadly understood metallurgical industry. Europe and the world have started work and research on the possibilities of decarbonizing iron and steel production technologies. The proposed manuscript presents the results of the thermodynamic analysis of iron oxide reduction with hydrogen in the solid state. The results will be compared to classical methods of reducing iron oxides using carbon as a reducing agent. Thermodynamic analyses will be used to initially describe the mechanisms and estimate the kinetics of mass and energy transfer of the reduction reaction using both reductants. When carbon is used, it acts as a reductant and simultaneously a heat source in the process, while when hydrogen is used, it acts only as a reductant, but an additional heat source must be provided.
Local transformation of mixed states of two qubits to Bell diagonal states

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The optimal entanglement manipulation for a single copy of mixed states of two qubits is to transform it to a Bell diagonal state. In this paper we derive an explicit form of the local operation that can realize such a transformation. The result obtained is universal for arbitrary entangled two-qubit states and it discloses that the corresponding local filter is not unique for density matrices with rank $n=2$ and can be exclusively determined for that with $n=3$ and 4. As illustrations, a four-parameters family of mixed states are explored, the local filter as well as the transformation probability are given explicitly, which verify the validity of the general result.
The influence of CEO perceptions on the level of organizational learning

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to take an in‐depth look at the differences in learning based on the nature of the process, analysing the influence of CEO perceptions of personal mastery, shared vision, environment and strategic proactivity on the learning level. Design/methodology/approach This investigation drew up a structured questionnaire to better understand how CEOs face learning issues. A series of χ 2 , t ‐tests, Harman's one‐factor tests, correlations, and regression analyses were used. The hypotheses are tested using data from 239 firms located in Spain. Findings This investigation shows the influence of CEO perceptions of several strategic factors and capabilities (personal mastery, shared vision, environment and strategic proactivity) in single‐ and double‐loop learning and the influence of this learning level on organizational innovation and performance. It adds theoretical and empirical arguments to the two main learning levels in the literature. Originality/value The research provides empirical evidence that: personal mastery and a stable environment have a positive and significant impact on the generation of single‐loop learning; personal mastery, shared vision, ambiguous environment and strategic proactivity have a positive and significant influence on the generation of double‐loop learning; and both learning levels affect the generation of greater organizational innovation and performance.
The Analysis of the Difference between Infrared Soil Temperature and L Band Effective Soil Temperature

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

L band microwave can penetrate the soil and its bright temperature data contains the soil temperature information of different layers within the penetration depth. L band effective soil temperature and infrared soil temperature have different physical significance and value. The SHAW model is validated by using the observed data of automatic weather station in Huailai and is used to simulate the soil temperature and humidity profile data with the meteorological observation data of Huailai experimental area in 2006 to 2009 years. The L band effective soil temperature is computed using the soil temperature and humidity profile data in hour interval. The analysis of the difference between infrared soil temperature and L band effective soil temperature is launched initially. It is a base of further exploring the relationship between infrared soil temperature and L band effective soil temperature and also a support for cooperative inversion combining infrared and passive microwave.
Experience with plasma-exchange in homozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Reduction of plasma cholesterol and apolipoprotein B concentrations can be expected and may appear to slow the rate of progression of the atherosclerotic process (Thompson, 1980). The usefulness of plasma exchange to the treatment of homozygous FH patients has been extended recently by Stoffel et al. (1981), who perfused plasma through an on-line anti-LDL sepharose column, which selectively removes LDL. Having theoretical advantages over plasma-exchange, this procedure avoids the loss of HDL and of other important plasma proteins. In short, plasma-exchange has proved to be a remarkably safe, well tolerated and effective means of treating homozygous FH.
Hip fractures sustained in hospital: comorbidities and outcome

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Background Guidelines on the management of hip fracture in the elderly focus on fractures suffered in the community. Between 4% and 7% of hip fractures occur in hospital. Mortality is higher in those who sustain hip fracture in hospital than those who sustain a fracture in the community. However, it is not known if sustaining a nosocomial fracture is an independent risk factor for a poor outcome. Objective To compare outcomes of hip fracture sustained in the community and sustained while in hospital for another reason. After adjusting for confounders, we sought to determine if sustaining a fracture in hospital was an independent risk factor for a poor outcome. Methods Using the National Hip Fracture Database, we identified all patients admitted to Leicester Royal Infirmary with hip fracture between July 2009 and February 2013. We extracted demographic data, details of comorbidity, and 30-day and long-term mortality. Age, gender, American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) grade, time to surgery, and survival were compared between patients with hospital-acquired and those with community-acquired hip fracture. Results During the study period, 2987 patients were treated for hip fracture; 2984 were included in the study. Of these, 261 (8.7%) sustained the fracture while in hospital. Those who sustained the fracture in hospital were more commonly men (106/261 (41%)) than those with a community-acquired fracture (738/2723 (27%)) and had a worse ASA grade (III or IV, 215/230 (93%) vs 1647/2573 (64%)). Thirty-day mortality was higher in those with a hospital-acquired fracture (48/261 (18%)) than in those with a community-acquired fracture (212/2723 (7.8%)) (p&lt;0.001). However, after adjustment for confounding variables, the association between hip fracture, in-hospital and 30-day mortality was not significant: OR 1.2 (95% CI 0.8 to 2.0), p=0.40. Longer-term mortality was associated with hip fracture in hospital after adjustment for confounding variables in multivariate proportional hazards regression: HR 1.5 (95% CI 1.2 to 1.8), p&lt;0.001. Conclusions Patients who sustain hip fractures in hospital are unsurprisingly sicker than those who sustain hip fractures in the community. Although being in hospital is not an independent risk factor, this easily identifiable group of patients are at particular risk of a poor outcome. We suggest that it might be appropriate to consider modifying the guidelines for treatment of hip fracture for this group in an attempt to improve outcome.
Novel nanofiltration hollow fiber development

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Nanofiltration (NF) membranes are multiple layered thin-film composites of polymers with pore size in the order 1nm. Their separation mechanism is based on charge effects and size exclusions. Their main features include high rejections of multivalent ions and high permeation of monovalent ions. Rejection of neutral solutes is largely dependent size exclusions. Additionally, research studies have shown that the incorporation of aquaporin-integrated protein vesicles have shown promising results in improving water permeability. In this study, thin-film composite NF hollow fibers were formed via under optimal interfacial polymerization parameters, with piperazine (PIP) being used as the monomer in the aqueous phase and trimesoylchloride (TMC) being used as the monomer in the organic phase. The optimal thin-film active layer when using a polyethersulfone (PES) substrate was obtained when the aqueous amine solution had concentrations of 0.5% PIP and 0.2% surfactant at pH10, while the organic solution contained a concentration of 1.0% TMC. The optimal reaction time allowed was 4min. Under a 1000 ppm MgSO4 feed solution under hydraulic pressure of 2 bar, the resultant thin-film composite NF hollow fiber returned a salt rejection of 94.03% and water permeability of 6.41 L/m2 bar h. In addition, the suitability of this thin-film active layer on a polyetherimide (PEI) substrate was further evaluated. The resultant composite hollow fiber membrane had a lower MgSO4 rejection at 78.16%, as compared to that of the PES substrate. As nanofiltration membranes generally have a divalent salt rejection of >90%, the optimized interfacial polymerization parameters were found to be unsuitable despite the resultant membrane having increased water permeability of 7.03 L/m2 h bar. Additionally, effective pore size of resultant thin-film hollow fiber was found to be larger in PEI than in PES. To investigate the effect of aquaporin on performance parameters, specifically water flux, 100nm and 200nm aquaporin-integrated protein vesicles were incorporated into the thin-film active layers. For both PES and PEI substrates, higher water permeability was obtained when 200nm protein vesicle was incorporated. However, a decrease in salt rejection performance was also observed.
World agriculture in a dynamically-changing environment: IFPRI's long-term outlook for food and agriculture under additional demand and constraints.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In this paper, we explore the nature of several key drivers of change in food systems, and examine a number possible entry points for policy intervention, in order to determine their effect on food prices and other marketdriven outcomes. Among the drivers of change that we discuss are those of policy-driven growth in biofuel production, which has had a role to play in the rapid increase in food prices, along with other factors. We demonstrate the off-setting impact that supply growth could have on the socio-economic impacts of biofuels, both in terms of price changes, as well as changes in nutrition status. We also look at some evidence that points towards the significant impact that climate change could have on the agriculture and agricultural prices in the future. Combining our quantitative experiments with cited evidence from other studies, we suggest a range of policy interventions that could be instrumental in offsetting the negative impacts of food prices, and helping to promote those benefits in situations where they might exist. Among these suggestions, we encourage increased investments in the agricultural sector, so as to reverse the steadily declining growth of research and development spending and change decades of counter-productive agricultural trade and national-level sector policies.
Experimental investigation of the influence of the hydraulic performance of an axial blood pump on intraventricular blood flow

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Blood flow inside the left ventricle (LV) is a concern for blood pump use and contributes to ventricle suction and thromboembolic events. However, few studies have examined blood flow inside the LV after a blood pump was implanted. In this study, in vitro experiments were conducted to emulate the intraventricular blood flow, such as blood flow velocity, the distribution of streamlines, vorticity and the standard deviation of velocity inside the LV during axial blood pump support. A silicone LV reconstructed from computerized tomography (CT) data of a heart failure patient was incorporated into a mock circulatory loop (MCL) to simulate human systemic circulation. Then, the blood flow inside the ventricle was examined by particle image velocimetry (PIV) equipment. The results showed that the operating conditions of the axial blood pump influenced flow patterns within the LV and areas of potential blood stasis, and the intraventricular swirling flow was altered with blood pump support. The presence of vorticity in the LV from the thoracic aorta to the heart apex can provide thorough washing of the LV cavity. The gradually extending stasis region in the central LV with increasing blood pump support is necessary to reduce the thrombosis potential in the LV.
Prucalopride: safety, efficacy and potential applications

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Chronic constipation is a very common functional gastrointestinal disorder which can be associated with significant impairments in quality of life for some people with the condition. Its management has, traditionally, been based on dietary and lifestyle changes and the use of a variety of laxative agents. The evidence base for the efficacy of the latter is, in many cases, slim. Not surprisingly, many patients remain dissatisfied with laxatives thus leading to the development of more pharmacological approaches. Among these approaches is the use of prokinetic agents; while prior molecules have been troubled by lack of selectivity and cardiac side effects, the new agent, prucalopride, appears to be highly selective for the serotonin 5-HT4 receptor and is, therefore, a potent stimulator of gut motility. In three large pivotal randomized controlled trials, prucalopride has been effective in relieving the cardinal symptoms of chronic constipation; these effects have been sustained in open-label follow up for as long as 18 months. The safety profile has been encouraging and, especially so, the absence of arrhythmogenic potential. Studies in men, in constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome and in other motor disorders are eagerly awaited.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INSTANTANEOUS AND STATISTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE DETERMINISTIC TURBULENCE

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

As known from previous studies (Borodulin et al., 2007, 2011) the deterministic turbulence represents a post-transitional wall-shear flow that is turbulent according to the generally accepted statistical characteristics but possesses, meanwhile, a significant degree of determinism, i.e. reproducibility of its instantaneous structure. It is found that the deterministic turbulence can occur in those cases when transition is caused by convective-type instabilities. However, there was a question remaining: "Whether the deterministic turbulence corresponds exactly to the ordinary random turbulent flow or not?" If the answer is affirmative, the stochastic properties of such turbulence (such as mean-velocity profiles, disturbance amplitude profiles, spectra of turbulent fluctuations, etc.) must be: (i) independent of particular realization of the deterministic turbulent flow and (ii) identical to those of the ordinary (stochastic) turbulence. The present study concentrates on investigation of the answer to point (i) indicated above.
10.1063/5.0077348.3

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Breaking bow waves entrain massive gas that generate ambient noise and produce spray and bubbly wake with whitecap. This study aims to give a quantitative description of the flow structures and bubble formation during the breaking process. We consider the breaking bow waves induced by a surface-piercing flat plate and perform simulations based on an in-house code. We employ a conservative coupled level-set and volume of fluid method to capture violent variation of the liquid–gas interface. A robust immersed boundary method is adopted to model the motion of the plate. To resolve very small flow structures associated with the wave breaking process with the available computational resources, a block-structured adaptive mesh refinement strategy is used. It is found that the predicted wave characteristics, such as wave height, wave crest location, and wave profile, are consistent with the experiment. A wide range of flow phenomena, including the thin liquid sheet, jet overturning, and splash-ups are well reproduced by the present simulation. In addition, we implement a bubble-droplet detection program to track single bubbles, and the characteristics of bubble cloud (entrained air volume, spatial distribution, and penetration depth) can be analyzed quantitatively. Three typical bubble creation mechanisms for the air entrainment process of the breaking bow wave are reported, and ensemble-averaged statistics of the bubble size distribution are presented. We also quantify the evolution of the bubble distribution and discuss the power-law scaling during the bow wave breaking process.
Social-Ecological Functional Types: Connecting People and Ecosystems in the Argentine Chaco

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Sustainability science recognizes the importance of the integrated assessment of the ecological and social systems in land-use planning. However, most studies so far have been conceptual rather than empirical. We developed a framework to characterize the social-ecological systems heterogeneity according to its functioning through the identification of social–ecological functional types (SEFT). The SEFT framework builds on the plant, ecosystem and agent functional type approaches, taking a step forward to integrate the dimensions of social–ecological systems into an operational product to characterize administrative units in a hierarchical way. To illustrate this novel framework, we described the heterogeneity of SEFT in the Argentine Chaco by clustering administrative entities. This area is a global deforestation hotspot and has diverse social actors that harness ecosystem services in multiple, and sometimes contrasting and conflictive, ways which determines an urgent need for land-use planning. We combined data from national census and remote sensing to identify SEFT by clustering census tracts based on 17 input variables that integrate key human, ecological and interaction processes across landscapes. We identified three classes and eight subclasses of SEFT. Ecological variables defined the first level of heterogeneity (classes), while human variables and the variables of interactions between the human and ecological components defined a second level of heterogeneity (subclasses). The degree of anthropization and mean annual productivity were important variables to explain the first two axes in the ordination (32% of the total variance). This framework offers a conceptually novel and comprehensive approach to understand the spatial heterogeneity of social–ecological systems functioning, which could play a pivotal role to support conservation or land-use planning in rural areas.
Additional file 2 of Uncovering the Genomic Regions Associated with Yield Maintenance in Rice Under Drought Stress Using an Integrated Meta-Analysis Approach

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Additional file 2: Fig. S2. QTL-overview index of yield and DT-associated traits on the consensus genetic map of rice. A total of 1087 initial QTLs from 76 independent studies were used for the analysis. Green and red horizontal lines show the average index (real QTLs) and high-value threshold (QTL hotspot), respectively. The position of the 49 "QTL hotspot" areas are indicated by upper labels. a; QTL-overview index for all the studied traits, b; QTL-overview index for BY, c; QTL-overview index for CP, d; QTL-overview index for DRI, e; QTL-overview index for FLZ, f; QTL-overview index for GY, g; QTL-overview index for HD, h; QTL-overview index for HI, i; QTL-overview index for PH, j; QTL-overview index for PN, k; QTL-overview index for SF.
Women on the Block: A Technofeminist Discourse Analysis of Blockchain Meetups, Conferences, and Hackathons

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In response to the stark gender disparity that plagued blockchain in its early days, a range of 'women in blockchain' initiatives emerged, some more effective than others. Blockchain scenes including 'meetups,' conferences, and hackathons, present ideal sites to observe these tensions. This study is a technofeminist discourse analysis based on participant observations at blockchain events and interviews with women who work in the industry. It demonstrates how women’s participation in various blockchain scenes can be enabling or constraining depending on the gender power relations of the event. I propose three discursive frames for analyzing these scenes: (1) gender-blind meritocracy, (2) lean into blockchain, and (3) intersectional inclusion.
Instructional Design Notes and Recommendations for Beginners

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This case study briefly explores the steps taken in creating a hybrid college course at Appalachian State University. To solve problems created by limited space, a hybrid course was created. The fifty­student course was created and taught in person several times. The remainder of student interaction was orchestrated online using WebCT. The course content was compiled into four modules consisting of information and presentations. These modules were given to students on CD­ROM. In the end, the class had almost identical pass and drop rates as that of a face­to­face course. The instructor comments on the course and concludes with specific lists of suggestions on course design, interaction/collaboration, technology, assessment, and learner support. The article offers a synopsis, project results, and recommendations for others interested in hybrid learning.