jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
What do Clients Achieve in Drug/DUI Court? Examining Intended and Unintended Outcomes

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Compared to a growing number of quantitative studies that focus on evaluating drug/DUI court process (e.g., retention) and outcomes (e.g., reducing recidivism), very few studies qualitatively and systematically examine clients' perceptions and experiences in these programs. Based on content analysis of 229 letters written by clients to Tulsa County DUI and drug programs in Oklahoma, this study examines the potential (mis)match between the stated official goals of the program and major achievements and progress self-reported by clients. Our analysis shows that in addition to abstinence, compliance, and techniques for success, a significant portion of clients' achievements went beyond the administrative expectations. Rather, the program transformed clients' lives in a holistic way and affected diverse aspects of their lives. These findings should encourage the legislature and practitioners to look beyond drug/DUI court supervision/discipline in evaluating clients' progress and to incorporate elements reported by clients in building a more successful program.
Determinants of Digital Piracy: A Re-examination of Results

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Summary This paper empirically investigates determinants of digital piracy in Germany for several types of digitized products. To this end we rely on a survey comprising behavior and attitudes at the individual level. The sample matches some demographic characteristics of the German population with high-speed internet access with regard to gender and age composition. It also maps the share of foreign nationals in Germany. Self-selection in the drawing of our sample is assessed by a control experiment. In contrast to existing studies, we sharply discriminate between frequency and extent of pirating digital media. We find no significant gender difference in the propensity to pirate. However, male individuals are prone to pirate at a significantly larger scale.We attribute this finding to male individuals acting more frequently as hubs in the social prestige enhancing distribution of pirated media. It is particularly important in the light of the recent development of the distribution process from peer-to-peer online networks to offline forms of file swapping. Our findings are confirmed by recent piracy related crime statistics of the Federal Office of Criminal Investigation (Bundeskriminalamt).
Looking to the future: How can clinical trials be designed in partnership with our participants?

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract The recent positive phase 3 clinical trials of new treatments and their licensing and roll‐out in the US and other countries represents a major turning point in Alzheimer’s disease research. As has been the case with many other diseases, e.g. multiple sclerosis and stroke, it is hoped that these successes will act as a catalyst, spurring the development not only of the next generation of amyloid immunotherapies but a range of other therapeutic approaches targeting different aspects of Alzheimer pathology, and different forms of dementia. How future trials are designed will likely have major impacts on their chances of success but also how they are deployed when licensed in clinical practice. It is of course vital that trials are designed to prioritise patient safety and use robust methodologies to produce valid results while maximising the possibility of gaining insights into mechanisms and any side‐effects. However, it is also imperative that protocols are acceptable to participants, and designed wherever possible to maximise compliance, improve accessibility, reduce cost and increase representativeness. Factors that need to be considered include those which may be dependent on the drug’s mode of action and likely effect, e.g. the length of the trial, the method of trial drug delivery, and any requirements for safety monitoring. Factors where there may be scope for change include, but are not limited to, the required number of trial visits, the length of assessments (e.g. including shorter MRI protocols for safety monitoring), the possibility of remote or at home as opposed to in‐hospital visits where possible, and simplifying methods for determining molecular pathology both as entry and potentially stopping criteria (e.g. if plasma can be used instead of CSF or molecular imaging). If we are to maximise the reach of our trials, ensure they are truly representative of all the people who might benefit, and increase recruitment rates, it is vital that we engage with study participants in the design of future studies, engage them as advocates for our research, and promote and actively involve individuals from diverse and under‐represented backgrounds.
Impact of the Draft Plate on the Wall Erosion and Flow Field Stability of a Cyclone Separator

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Cyclone separators are commonly employed in the mining, metallurgy and chemical industries due to their simple structure, easy maintenance and high recovery efficiency. However, with the wide application of cyclone separators, many problems have become exposed in their practical operation, restricting their development. Among these, wall erosion is becoming a significant problem. In this study, to resolve the problem of severe erosion on the walls, the Eulerian–Lagrangian framework was employed to investigate a cyclone separator with a draft plate at the inlet and to evaluate the effect of a draft plate with angles of 0°, 45° and 90° on the degree of erosion and the stabilization of flow fields. Moreover, after verifying the reliability of the numerical model via data from experiments, the characteristics of gas–solid flow were analyzed and the effects of the new structure on the degree of wear were investigated. The results demonstrated that unfavorable phenomena such as secondary flow and wall erosion generated during the operation could be mitigated by the draft plate. When the plate angle was 90°, the wall erosion was the lightest and the range of influence of the secondary flow was the smallest. When the plate angle was 45°, the comprehensive performance was the best, and there was a better balance between the energy loss and the degree of wall erosion. Therefore, the presence of the draft plate has a significant impact on the interaction of gas–solid phases in a cyclone separator.
The infrared spectrum of Neptune at 3.5–4.1 microns: Search for H

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The infrared spectrum of Neptune at $3.5{-}3.75~\mu$m and $3.87{-}4.1~\mu$m has been measured at a spectral resolution of 1200. The observed flux is stronger by a factor ~3 compared to previous measurements, suggesting important meteorological variations between 1997 and 2002. The flux is detected mostly from a bright belt at mid-southern latitudes. Strong absorptions, identified as methane, are observed over the L band. The observed ${\rm CH_4}$ spectrum can be fitted by a multilayer model assuming that the solar light is partly reflected above several layers, including the ${\rm CH_4}$ haze and stratospheric photochemical hazes. An upper limit to a disk averaged column density of ${\rm H}_{3}^{+}$ of $2.9\left({{+7.1}\atop{-1.8}}\right)\times10^{10}~{\rm cm^{-2}}$ is reported, consistent with present ionospheric models.
Three halacarid mites of the genus <i>Copidognathus</i> (Acari: Halacaridae) from Zanzibar, Tanzania

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Three new halacarid species belonging to the genus <i>Copidognathus</i> are described from the east coast of Zanzibar, Tanzania. <i>Copidognathus corallicolus</i> sp. nov. is characterized by dorsal setae 2 on membranous cuticle between anterodor­sal plate and ocular plate, posterodosal plate with two single-rosette-pore wide costae, panels on posterodorsal plate sub­divided, long rostrum extending to base of fourth palpal segment, tibia IV with a ventromedial pectinate seta, and tarsi III and IV with 4:3 dorsal setae. <i>Copidognathus fungiae</i> sp. nov. is a member of <i>C. tamaeus</i> group, and characterized by all ventral plates fused in male, posterodorsal plate with two 2- to 3-rosette-pores wide costae, palp a little surpassing anterior end of rostrum, second palpal segment with spinular lamella ventrodistally, ventrolateral lamella of telofemur I with medial edge slightly protruded, and patella IV with 4 setae. <i>Copidognathus ungujaensis</i> sp. nov., a member of <i>C. bairdi</i> group s. str., is closely allied with <i>C. sidellus</i> Bartsch, but differs from it by the presence of areola below second coxal region, almost straight anterior margin of posterodorsal plate, 2 rosette pores between gland pores on posterodorsal plate, lateral and middle costae not joining anteriorly, and more elongated anterior areola on anterodorsal plate.
Multitarget FISH and LOH Analyses at Chromosome 3p in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer and Adjacent Bronchial Epithelium

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Multitarget fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH; LAVysion, Vysis, Downers Grove, IL) targeting chromosomes 6p11-q11, 7p12, 8q24, and 5p15.2 was compared with results of microsatellite studies at chromosome 3p to identify molecular changes associated with tobacco use and tumor development in non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Analyses were performed on 26 NSCLCs and matched benign bronchial epithelium; samples from 10 patients without NSCLC served as control samples.
NEW YORK ACADEMY OF MEDICINE SECTION ON PEDIATRICS

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal
Knowledge of dentists, dental auxiliaries, and students regarding the COVID-19 pandemic in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Survey

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background: This study aimed to assess the knowledge and attitude of dental professionals in Saudi Arabia regarding severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods: A questionnaire was developed to assess various dental professionals from both governmental and private sectors through online and social media outlets. Results: A total of 1,033 responses were collected (273 dental students, 193 dental auxiliary personnel, 544 dentists). Moreover, 63.4% of respondents (63.4%) were working in hospitals. Of all respondents, 44.9%, 33.4%, and 21.7% were in governmental clinics, academia, and private sector, respectively. Overall knowledge on incubation period and route of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 was consistent across all dental professions. Hand-soap cleaning time was statistically different among dental professionals (p < 0.001). The dental professionals displayed significant disagreement on the survival of SARS-CoV-2 outside the host (p < 0.001). Furthermore, 75.1% of respondents were reluctant to treat a suspected COVID-19 patient, and 92% participants believed that the mode of transmission was droplet inhalation. Fever, coughing, and shortness of breath were identified as the most common symptoms of COVID-19. Most standard methods of prevention in the dental office were selected by at least 50% of participants. Conclusions: Dental professionals on SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 seems to be consistent when evaluating the virus incubation period. However, virus survivability and recommended hand soap washing time was significantly variable among the professionals. A high degree of apprehension toward suspected COVID-19 patients existed among all dental professionals. Pandemic-awareness campaigns are essential among healthcare providers.
In Vitro Binding of Heavy Metals by an Edible Biopolymer Poly(γ-glutamic acid)

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

An edible biopolymer poly(gamma-glutamic acid) (gamma-PGA) was evaluated for possible use as an chelating/binding agent in the treatment of metal intoxication in humans. In vitro binding of the toxic heavy metals lead and cadmium as affected by pH, contact time, metal concentration, gamma-PGA dose, and essential metals was carried out in a batch mode. A maximum binding occurred in the pH range 5-7, corresponding to the gastrointestinal pH values except for the stomach. Binding isotherms at pH 5.5 were well described by the heterogeneous models (Freundlich and Toth), while the lead isotherm at pH 2.5 showed a S-type curve, which was fitted as multiple curves with the Langmuir model and a shifted-squared Langmuir model. However, no adsorption occurred for cadmium at pH 2.5. The maximum binding capacities of lead and cadmium at pH 5.5 were 213.58 and 41.85 mg/g, respectively. A curvilinear biphasic Scatchard plot signified a multisite interaction of metals. Binding was extremely rapid with 70-100% of total adsorption being attained in 2 min. Kinetics at low and high metal concentrations obeyed pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order models, respectively. The gamma-PGA dose-activity relationship revealed a low dose of gamma-PGA to be more efficient in binding a large amount of metals. Incorporation of Cu, Zn, Fe, Mg, Ca, and K showed only a minor influence on lead binding but significantly reduced the binding of cadmium.
Molecular dynamics in liquid-crystalline side chain polymers studied by dielectric relaxation spectroscopy: A comparative study

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract A series of liquid-crystalline side chain copolymers with different main chains have been studied by the dielectric method in a maximum frequency range of 9 decades. Oriented samples were used throughout. The data were analysed in terms of the Havriliak-Negami and Fuoss-Kirkwood formulae for the relaxation functions. Two well separated dispersion regions with their strengths depending strongly on the macroscopic orientation were found. The low frequency or δ-relaxation shows a marked change in its curve form and width with different main chain structure, its strength being determined by the longitudinal dipole moment of the mesogenic unit. The high frequency relaxation shows a more complicated dependence of its characteristic parameters on the molecular structure. In some cases a decomposition into two underlying relaxations was successfully attempted. We discuss the models for molecular motions developed for low molecular weight liquid crystals and for amorphous polymers, in order to explain the behaviour of the different dispersions found.
Discrete particle model for morphologic and mechanical study

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The behaviour of three-dimensional granular media was studied using spheres, examining the response of coarse particles in a 1 m edge cubic cell. The media were adjusted to a predetermined material grain size distribution and subjected to the same boundary conditions as in previous laboratory tests. The study observed how forces are distributed and how the particles are deformed when an external load is introduced to the system. The equations considered are the Hertzian elastic contact law and the Coulomb slip law. In this way, the force of the contacts is calculated with Hertz's law and the force developed is limited by that established using Coulomb's law, allowing relative slip between particles when such a force is reached. Both morphologic and mechanical analyses were carried out. The morphologic analysis studied the way particles adjust in the cell and the mechanical analysis studied the forces and settlements developed. In addition, both analyses were related to determine if there is a relation between the morphology of a coarse granular medium and its mechanical response. Using these two analyses, the paper attempts to explain and model the behaviour and the response of granular media, comparing this response with one obtained from previous laboratory tests, to deduce if the proposed model is adequate for representing laboratory tests.
III-V Material systems for heterostructure barrier varactors

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents the lattice matched and pseudomorphic Al(0.7)Ga(0.3)As/GaAs and In(0.52)Al(0.48)As/ In(0.53)Ga(0.47)As/InP material systems for HBVs. HBVs with different mesa diameters have been fabricated and their DC characteristics have been measured. A comparison of the DC characteristics are presented for the two material systems.
Price prediction of used cars using ISOMAP and SVM

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper conducts model training and testing for estimating the price of used cars. In the second-hand car market, the residual value is one of the most important reasons for the second-hand car circulation. Because much of the way used cars are traded is traditional used car appraisers rely on their experience with used cars to determine the value of the car. At present, there is no comprehensive evaluation model based on objective factors of second-hand car characteristics. This study is based on the establishment of an objective evaluation of the effectiveness of the price prediction model and the objective factors affecting the second-hand car. In this research, the author wants to replace traditional evaluation methods with deep learning methods. The code written in this study includes the training of the data preprocessing model, flexibly uses NumPy to perform precision calculations, and uses Sklearn to delete highly relevant features for feature screening. The non-linear isomap algorithm is used for dimensionality reduction to keep the data at the same latitude, and finally the SVM algorithm is used for model training. Very unsatisfactory results have been obtained by training the model. The train accuracy and test accuracy were 22.5% and 14.3%, respectively. Through the analysis of the model, it may be that the dimensionality reduction of the isomap algorithm deleted the required influencing factors, resulting in the low training accuracy of the entire model.
Clinical Observation on Vitapex Paste Used in Apexification

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

To observe the effect of Vitapex paste in apexification,we selected 48 patients with 56 immature permanent teeth and randomly divided them into two groups. The root canals were filled with Vitapex paste and calcium hydroxide paste respectively.The outcome of the treatment was obtained after three years' clinical observation.The results show that the effective rates in the group of Vitapex paste and calcium hydroxide paste are 93.1% and 74.1%.Although no significant difference is found between the two groups,we can come to the conclusion that Vitapex paste is more effective for the immature permanent teeth in the apexification.
Area Morphological Segmentation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Content based retrieval (CBR) has emerged as a useful tool for management of digital image libraries. Traditional approaches based on metadata and global features are limited m effectiveness and suffer from various drawbacks involving the use of heuristics and postprocessing techniques. The automated segmentation technique presented here is based on fuz clustering in a scaled texture space, which is gcnerated via a bank of Gabor filters. Within the texture space, we scale the responses using the novel tool of area morphology. The segmentation algorithm provides segments satisfying a minimum scale requirement for use in CBR. The experiments indicate that our segmentation mechanism increases feature relevancy and reduces the computational costs of segment based matching.
[Analysis of related factors of slope plant hyperspectral remote sensing].

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

In the present paper, the slope gradient, aspect, detection zenith angle and plant types were analyzed. In order to strengthen the theoretical discussion, the research was under laboratory condition, and modeled uniform slope for slope plant. Through experiments we found that these factors indeed have influence on plant hyperspectral remote sensing. When choosing slope gradient as the variate, the blade reflection first increases and then decreases as the slope gradient changes from 0° to 36°; When keeping other factors constant, and only detection zenith angle increasing from 0° to 60°, the spectral characteristic of slope plants do not change significantly in visible light band, but decreases gradually in near infrared band; With only slope aspect changing, when the dome meets the light direction, the blade reflectance gets maximum, and when the dome meets the backlit direction, the blade reflectance gets minimum, furthermore, setting the line of vertical intersection of incidence plane and the dome as an axis, the reflectance on the axis's both sides shows symmetric distribution; In addition, spectral curves of different plant types have a lot differences between each other, which means that the plant types also affect hyperspectral remote sensing results of slope plants. This research breaks through the limitations of the traditional vertical remote sensing data collection and uses the multi-angle and hyperspectral information to analyze spectral characteristics of slope plants. So this research has theoretical significance to the development of quantitative remote sensing, and has application value to the plant remote sensing monitoring.
Choroidal Neovascularization in Inflammatory Diseases of Choroid and Retina

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) is one of the main complications causing vision loss in inflammatory diseases of the choroid and retina. Ocular histoplasmosis (OH), toxoplasmosis, toxocariasis, rubella, multifocal choroiditis, serpiginous choroiditis, punctate inner choroiditis, Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada, Behçet disease, sympathic ophthalmia, and sarcoidosis are the main inflammatory causes of CNV. In our article we would like to review the inflammatory diseases of the choroid and retina that causes CNV and their current treatment.
Photo(Chemo)Therapy of Atopic Eczema

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This chapter summarizes important study data regarding the treatment of atopic eczema (AE) and reviews therapeutic options. A number of subsequent studies have demonstrated a beneficial effect of sunlight exposure and photo therapy in AE. Several broadband Ultraviolet (UV) spectra and combined treatment modalities, such as salt-water baths plus UVB, and psoralen and UV light, have demonstrated efficacy in the treatment of moderate-to-severe AE. In a randomized, half-side comparison study of severe, chronic AE comparing NB-UVB with bath PUVA, Der-Petrossian et al. determined the two modalities to be equally effective when given in erythemogenic doses. Given that most patients with AE are young, there have been a number of concerns regarding the widespread use of phototherapy and photochemotherapy, especially with regard to the possible risk of carcinogenicity and premature aging with longterm treatment. More common adverse effects associated with photo(chemo)therapy include skin burning and premature skin aging, which again tend to be worse with PUVA.