jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Integrity and characteristics of secondary oesophageal peristalsis in patients with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Secondary peristalsis contributes to oesophageal acid clearance. The aim of the study was to evaluate the integrity and characteristics of secondary peristalsis in patients with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. Studies were performed in 22 patients with reflux disease and 20 age matched controls. Oesophageal motility was recorded at 3 cm intervals along the oesophageal body. Primary peristalsis was tested with 5 ml water swallows. Secondary peristalsis was stimulated with 10 ml boluses of air and water injected in the mid-oesophagus and by 5 second distensions with a 3 cm balloon at the same level. It was found that primary peristalsis was normal in 19 of 20 control subjects and in 14 of 22 patients with reflux disease. In patients with reflux disease, intact secondary peristalsis was triggered infrequently by air and water distension (median success rate of 0% for both stimuli) and occurred significantly less frequently than in control subjects (50% and 30% respectively). The frequency of balloon induced secondary peristalsis, however, was similar in the two groups (0% controls, 20% reflux disease). The major pattern of failure of secondary peristalsis was the complete absence of any oesophageal secondary peristaltic response. The amplitudes of the intact secondary peristaltic responses were not significantly different for the two groups. Peristaltic velocity for air and balloon induced secondary peristalsis was also similar in control subjects and patients with reflux disease whereas water induced secondary peristalsis was slower in the reflux patients. In conclusion, patients with reflux disease exhibit a pronounced defect in the triggering of secondary peristalsis.
Nrf2 expression in endometrial serous carcinomas and its precancers.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Endometrial serous carcinoma (ESC) is the most aggressive subtype of endometrial cancer. Its aggressive behavior and poor clinical outcome may be partially attributed to lack of early diagnostic markers and unclear patho-genesis. The transcription factor Erythroid-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a recently identified protein marker, which plays a role in carcinogenesis as well as responsible for poor prognosis of many human cancers. The aim of this study is to determine the Nrf2 expression in benign endometrium (n=28), endometrial cancers (n=122) as well as their precursor lesions (n=81) trying to see whether Nrf2 has any diagnostic usage and is potentially involved in endometrial carcinogenesis. The level of Nrf2 was evaluated by immunohistochemical (IHC) and verified by using Western blots. Among the malignant cases, Nrf2 was positive in 28 (68%) of 50 ESCs, which was significantly more than in 3 (6%) of 50 endometrioid carcinomas (p < 0.001) and 2 (13%) of 15 clear cell carcinomas (p = 0.001) and other histologic types of endometrial cancers. Among endometrial precursor lesions, both serous endometrial glandular dysplasia (EmGD, 40%) and serous endometrial intraepithelial carcinoma (EIC, 44%) showed a significantly higher Nrf2 expression than that in atypical endometrial hyperplasia or endometrial intraepithelial neoplasia (0%), clear cell EmGD (10%), and clear cell EIC (25%), respectively. We conclude that Nrf2 overexpression is closely associated with endometrial neoplasms with serous differentiation. Alteration of Nrf2 expression may represent one of the early molecular events in ESC carcinogenesis and overexpression of Nrf2 may used as a diagnostic marker in surgical pathology.
Differences in How Mothers and Fathers Monitor Sugar-Sweetened Beverages for Their Young Children (7-12 Years)

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate differences between how mothers and fathers monitor their children’s sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs; 7-12 years) using constructs from the integrated behavioral model (IBM). Mothers ( n = 167) and fathers ( n = 117) completed a valid and reliable survey evaluating the extent that they monitored their child’s SSB intake and constructs of the IBM. Results showed significant differences between groups, with mothers consistently having higher levels of monitoring SSBs and IBM constructs. Regression models also showed that the core constructs of the IBM predicted a significant amount of the variance for monitoring SSBs for both mothers and fathers (39.4% and 18.3%, respectively), with intentions being the primary predictor for mothers and skillfulness the primary predictor for fathers. This study provides preliminary evidence that mothers and fathers monitor their children’s SSB intake differently, and factors that determine monitoring SSB intake of children differ between mothers and fathers.
The Preparation of a Sterile Solution of Mannitol

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Journal Article The Preparation of a Sterile Solution of Mannitol Get access Louis P. Jeffrey, M.S., Louis P. Jeffrey, M.S. Director of Pharmacy and Central Supply Albany Medical Center Hospital, Albany, New York Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Kenneth H. Fish, Jr., B.S. Kenneth H. Fish, Jr., B.S. Supervisor, Division of Bulk Pharmaceutical Development Department of Pharmacy, Albany Medical Center Hospital, Albany, New York Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar American Journal of Hospital Pharmacy, Volume 20, Issue 5, 1 May 1963, Pages 255–258, https://doi.org/10.1093/ajhp/20.5.255 Published: 01 May 1963
China’s Approach to the US Role in East Asia: The Dynamics of Volatile Competition

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

From a geopolitical perspective, the most important aspects of China's foreign policy relate to the United States on the one hand and those countries that are China's immediate neighbours on the other. A combination of these two aspects carries particular significance. This applies to those regions close to China where the US has a high degree of influence: from South Korea and Japan in Northeast Asia via Taiwan (which is so important to China) to Southeast Asia, and further to India, as well as Pakistan and Afghanistan. This also includes several important maritime areas, mainly the East China Sea, South China Sea, and the western Pacific. This large part of China's immediate periphery must thus be regarded as a high-priority area in China's foreign strategy.KeywordsForeign PolicyLiberal Democratic PartySoft PowerObama AdministrationChinese Foreign PolicyThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Patentability on Human Genome Researches(II) : Gene Editing

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

이 연구의 목적은 기존의 특허법 및 특허의 원칙을 기준으로 인간 생식세포 계열 대상 유전자 교정기술의 특허성에 대한 국제 동향을 분석하고 그 의미를 고찰하는 것이다. 특허법의 본질은 지적재산권의 법적 보호 제도를 구축함으로써 공정한 경쟁과 기술의 혁신, 발명자에게 보상을 제공하는 데 있으며, 이러한 제도는 기존의 보건의료 분야에서 의약품 제도를 중심으로 정착해왔다. 그런데 생명공학 특허는 여타 주제와는 다르게 보다 본질적인 고민을 제공해왔다. 특히 특허의 대상이 인간의 생식세포 계열이 될 때에는 인간의 존엄성 문제와의 연관성 문제를 해결할 것을 요구한다. 이에 따라 연구 대상 국가들의 제도를 분석해본 결과, 국가 별 생명공학 기술에 대한 이해와 산업적·법정책적 판단에 따라 다각화된 특허성 제도를 수립하면서 입장 차이를 보이고 있음을 발견하였다.
이러한 국가 별 입장 차이 및 유전자 교정 연구의 높은 임상 실현 가능성은 우리 특허제도, 특히 도덕성의 원칙을 구체화함에 있어 여러 시사점을 제공한다. 기본적으로 고려할 사항은 기존 생명윤리법의 인간 생식세포 계열에 대한 이해와 특허법 상 도덕성의 원칙으로의 적용에 관한 것이다. 인간배아 등에 대한 기존의 생명윤리법과 우리 학계의 논리를 계승하는 것을 전제로 하였을 때, 특허 대상 배아를 단성생식배아와 같이 일부로 제한하되, 이를 기존 배아의 개념에서 제외하는 방안을 고려해볼 수 있겠다.
또한 유전자 교정 기술이 정상적으로 수정된 배아에 적용되는 단계부터는 치료적 연구로 구분하고, 이를 일종의 의료행위로 규정하여 그에 상응하는 수준의 규제 장치를 구축한다. 또한 유전자 교정 기술이 정상적으로 수정된 배아에 적용되는 단계부터는 치료적 연구로 구분하고, 이를 일종의 의료행위로 규정하여 그에 상응하는 수준의 규제 장치를 구축한다. 그리고 유전적 동일성을 수정하는 공정 및 그 산물에 대한 발명을 특허받을 수 없는 발명으로 구분한 규정은 개념의 해석 및 앞으로의 사회 문제에 대한 고민을 보다 담을 필요가 있다. 그러나 이에 대한 구체적인 내용은 과학계 및 사회적 합의가 필요한 부분이다.
인간 유전체 연구가 인류의 오랜 문제인 질병의 퇴치를 위하여 발전되고 사용되기 위해서는 현대사회에서 구축되어 온 지적재산권 체계의 도덕적 가치를 현명하게 활용할 수 있도록 지속적인 연구가 필요하다. 또한 인간 유전체 연구의 미래 방향은 인류에 큰 변화를 가져올 수 있으므로, 이를 우리 사회의 전통과 관습, 그리고 협력과 연대라는 집단의 생존과 지속가능성이라는 가치를 적극적으로 수용하여 사회적 합의를 이룰 필요가 있겠다.
Wideband ipsilateral measurements of middle-ear muscle reflex thresholds in children and adults

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The goals of the current study were to: 1) evaluate the feasibility of a new wideband approach to measuring middle-ear muscle reflex (MEMR) status, and 2) to test the hypothesis that ipsilateral thresholds elicited with 1 or 2kHz tones and broadband noise activators on a wideband acoustic transfer function (WATF) system are lower than thresholds elicited on a clinical system. Clinical MEMR tests have limitations, including the need for high activator levels to elicit a shift in a narrowband probe (e.g., a 0.226 or 1kHz tone). Wideband MEMR tests using WATFs may elicit the reflex at lower levels because a wideband probe (click) is used and the threshold detection criterion can be wideband. Mean wideband MEMR thresholds across 40 normal-hearing adult ears were 2.2–4.0dB lower than clinical MEMR thresholds, depending on the activator and specific WATF test used (admittance magnitude or energy reflectance). Wideband MEMR has potential clinical utility beyond the adult population, including use in newborn and preschool hearing screenings. In a newborn hearing screening, for example, wideband MEMR could be completed with the same system as otoacoustic emissions. However, further investigations in infants and young children are needed.
Study on the extraction process of Yinyangsuo chewable tablets by orthogonal design

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Objective To optimize the extraction process of yinyangsuo chewable tablets. Methods Orthogonal test was employed for selecting the optimum of extraction process by the indexes of the contents of icariin and total solid matters. Results 6 volumn of water, extracting 3 times with one hour for each time was considered the optimum extraction process of yinyangsuo chewable tablets. Conclusion The selected technology was considered to be reasonable and feasible, and the simple method is fit for production.
Energy‐aware versatile wireless sensor network configuration for structural health monitoring

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, a sensor network configuration optimization approach is proposed to design informative and energy-efficient wireless sensor networks. In particular, the design of cluster-based versatile wireless sensor networks for structural health monitoring is considered. In contrast to conventional cluster-based wireless sensor placement methods, a clustering optimization algorithm is proposed to determine the optimal locations of the cluster heads and the base station to enhance the energy efficiency of the network. The proposed approach determines the optimal wireless sensor network configuration that achieves the required estimation accuracy with minimal energy cost. Moreover, the proposed approach utilizes a holistic measure to assess the overall performance of multitype sensing devices. Furthermore, by implementing a genetic algorithm (GA) strategy, the proposed approach is computationally efficient and widely applicable for large-scale civil engineering infrastructures. To demonstrate the performance of the proposed approach, the wireless sensor network configuration design of a bridge model and a space truss model is presented.
Autobiography

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Bertrand Russell remains one of the greatest philosophers and most complex and controversial figures of the twentieth century. Here, in this frank, humorous and decidedly charming autobiography, Russell offers readers the story of his life – introducing the people, events and influences that shaped the man he was to become. Originally published in three volumes in the late 1960s, Autobiography by Bertrand Russell is a revealing recollection of a truly extraordinary life written with the vivid freshness and clarity that has made Bertrand Russell’s writings so distinctively his own.
Thermoresponsive Behavior of Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) Solid Ultrathin Film under Ordinary Atmospheric Conditions

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Significant changes in the thickness of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) solid ultrathin films have been observed by X-ray reflectivity as a result of changing the temperature between 15 and 60 °C in an uncontrolled atmosphere. As the property of the film switches between hydrophobic and hydrophilic nature at around 33 °C, the present letter reports that an ultrathin film of around 200 Å exhibits nearly a 7% change in thickness even in an ordinary atmosphere and that cooling and heating exhibit different dependence; i.e., one can confirm the switching point in the cooling run, but the dependence is linear in the heating run. The phenomena are reproducible and repeatable. The thermoresponsive behaviors of PNIPAM solid ultrathin film have been first observed with temperature cycle under ordinary atmospheric conditions. Different transition processes have been confirmed with thickness change, thickness increase with LCST-type switching in cooling run and mono thickness decrease in heating run, which can be explained by switching nature of PNIPAM and limited water in this system.
Quantum Genetic Optimization of Spindle Speed Ratio in Numerical Control Lathe with Automatic Transmission

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Determination of spindle rotate speed of lathe is an important issue when machine tools with changeable spindle gear ratio cutting metal parts, especially in heavy load cutting. Genetic optimization is used to automate design in engineering application for minimizing volume or weight. A quantum genetic optimization method was applied to calculate rotate speed and ratio of spindle transmission for gain maximum motor efficiency in numerical control lathe. Quantum bit code way was applied to simplify calculation and improve compatibility. Rotate angle strategy gate were introduced to Quantum gate for realizing evolution operation. The results were compared with a trial and error procedure usually applied. Quantum genetic arithmetic produced quite well results promptly supplying economic cutting parameters of numerical control (NC) lathe.
Micro-political strategies in negotiating the role of women's networks in organizations

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Purpose The authors aim to contribute to current knowledge on women's networks in organizations by exploring the strategies employed by members of women's networks, Human Resources (HR) management and senior line management to negotiate the role of these networks in their organizations. Design/methodology/approach The authors employ the theoretical perspective of micro-politics to analyze qualitative data they collected in an action research project using open-ended interviews and participant observation. The interviews were conducted with network board and active members, and members of their organizations' HR departments and senior management. Participant observation of the interviewees' interactions took place during facilitated workshops. Findings Adding to the literature, the authors find that members of the different parties employ different micro-political strategies. Many senior HR and management members demand that the networks' activities contribute to the organizations' diversity aims and bottom line. They largely avoid strategic cooperation with the networks. Most network members, in turn, resist the restricted role of the networks as an instrument to realize their organizations' business case. They claim some freedom to independently decide on the networks' strategies and activities. They resist being attributed tasks and responsibilities that they consider to reside with their organizations. Moreover, they try to sustain cooperative relationships with senior HR and management in an advisory role. Originality/value The action research approach enabled the authors to contribute to existing knowledge and extend the micro-politics theoretical perspective to include the collective agency of members of organizational groups and cooperation between these groups.
Changes of Gene Expression between HaCat and SiHa cells using GeneFishingTM PCR

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Objective : The purpose of this study is investigated the differentially expressed genes between normal and cervical cancer cell line. Methods : We used normal human keratinocyte (HaCaT) as a control and HPV-16 positive cervical cancer (SiHa) cell line. Two cell lines were studied differential expressed genes by using GeneFishingTM PCR and analyzed with BLAST search. Results : As compared with normal, cervical cancer cell line was showed 25 up-regulated genes including the S1-2-2, S5-1 and 24 down-regulated genes. Conclusion : GeneFishTM PCR test is very sensitive and effective method for detection of changed gene expression. We could search differentially expressed genes between normal and cervical cancer cell line. In the future, we need to research various genes unction to participate in the process of tumor development and progression.
Implementing a robust and accurate pedometer on mobile phone

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Step detection is a process that will determine if a footstep occurs. Step counters are gaining popularity in everyday exercises, through measuring physical activities as well as being part of navigation systems. Accelerometer is a sensor in which it exists in almost every smart-phone devices which are widely used around the world, and it is used to measure acceleration forces in which may be static like the continuous force of gravity or dynamic to sense movement or vibrations. Based on initial data analysis and research, it is shown that most of the time, steps are miscalculated either via false positive or missing step count. It is important to develop an accurate and robust pedometer that will be able to record all step count accurately as well as decreasing the amount of false positive. This project will be focusing on developing a Pedometer application on an Android platform, utilizing the sensor data collected from the in-built accelerometer.
The General Connectivity and General Sum-Connectivity Indices of Nanostructures

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Let G be a simple graph with vertex set V(G) and edge set E(G). For ∀ ν i ∈ V(G), d i denotes the degree of ν i in G . The Randić connectivity index of the graph G is defined as [1-3] χ(G)=∑ e=v 1 v 2 є( G ) ( d 1 d 2 ) -1/2 . The sum-connectivity index is defined as χ (G)= ∑ e=v 1 v 2 є( G ) ( d 1 + d 2 ) -1/2 . The sum-connectivity index is a new variant of the famous Randić connectivity index usable in quantitative structure-property relationship and quantitative structure-activity relationship studies. The general m-connectivety and general m-sum connectivity indices of G are defined as m χ (G)= ∑ e=v 1 v 2 ... vim +1 (1/√( d i 1 d i 2 ... d im +1 )) and m χ(G)= ∑ e=v 1 v 2 ... vim +1 (1/√( d i 1 + d i 2 +...+ d im +1 )) where v i 1 v i 2 ... v im +1 runs over all paths of length m in G. In this paper, we introduce a closed formula of the third-connectivity index and third-sum-connectivity index of nanostructure "Armchair Polyhex Nanotubes TUAC 6 [m,n] " (m,n ≥1 ).
The Burden of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma in 2019 and the Trend of Change From 1990 to 2019 in China

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective This study aimed to analyze the disease burden and risk factors of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) in China in 2019, assessing trends from 1990 to 2019 to inform prevention and treatment. Methods Utilizing the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 (GBD 2019) Data, a descriptive analysis method was employed to analyze the disease burden and risk factors for NPC in China in 2019. Additionally, the disease burden of NPC in China from 1990 to 2019 was examined. The Joinpoint Regression Program was used to estimate the annual percent change (APC) and the average APC (AAPC). Results From 1990 to 2019, the number of new NPC cases in China increased from 47.49% to 62.57% of the global NPC cases, and the proportion of prevalence in China to the world rose from 45.29% to 70.81%. The total change rates of the age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) globally and in China were 36.77% and 70.69%, respectively. The total change rates of the age-standardized prevalence rate (ASPR) globally and in China were 115.34% and 232.52%, respectively. The increase in ASIR and ASPR in China was significantly higher than the global average. The decrease in age-standardized death rate, standardized disability-adjusted life years rate, and standardized years of life lost due to premature mortality rate in China was much more pronounced than globally. From 1990 to 2019, the ASIR and ASPR in China showed an upward trend, with AAPCs of 1.80% and 4.19%, respectively. Over the past 30 years, the incidence among young and middle-aged individuals in China has increased, indicating a trend toward younger age at onset. In all periods, the risk of incidence, prevalence, and death in males was significantly higher than in females. Conclusion In summary, the disease burden of NPC in China remains significant. Therefore, continued attention and strengthening of risk factor control, along with strategies for early diagnosis and treatment, are essential.
Correlations of eigenfunctions in disordered systems

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Correlations of eigenfunctions, $\langle|\psi_k(r_1)|^2|\psi_l(r_2)|^2\rangle$, in a disordered system are investigated. We derive general formulae expressing these correlation functions in terms of the supermatrix sigma-model. In particular case of weak localization regime we find that the correlations of the same eigenfunction are proportional to $g^{-1}$ for large distances, while the correlations of two different eigenfunctions cross over from $g^{-1}$ behavior for $r_1=r_2$ to $g^{-2}$ one for $\vert r_1 - r_2 \vert \gg l$, with $g$ and $l$ being the dimensionless conductance and the mean free path, respectively.
Athens-Pittsburgh Symposium in the History and Philosophy of Science and Technology

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

September 01 2004 Athens-Pittsburgh Symposium in the History and Philosophy of Science and Technology Aristides Baltas, Aristides Baltas National Technical University of Athens Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Scholar Peter Machamer Peter Machamer University of Pittsburgh Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Scholar Author and Article Information Aristides Baltas National Technical University of Athens Peter Machamer University of Pittsburgh Online Issn: 1530-9274 Print Issn: 1063-6145 © 2004 Massachusetts Institute of Technology2004 Perspectives on Science (2004) 12 (3): 243. https://doi.org/10.1162/1063614042795444 Cite Icon Cite Permissions Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Search Site Citation Aristides Baltas, Peter Machamer; Athens-Pittsburgh Symposium in the History and Philosophy of Science and Technology. Perspectives on Science 2004; 12 (3): 243. doi: https://doi.org/10.1162/1063614042795444 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu nav search search input Search input auto suggest search filter All ContentAll JournalsPerspectives on Science Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 2004 Massachusetts Institute of Technology2004 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.