jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Knowledge-Graph-Based IoTs Entity Discovery Middleware for Nonsmart Sensor

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Internet-of-Things (IoTs) entity discovery plays an important role in the Industrial IoTs, especially with the rapidly increasing and updating of IoT sensors in the industrial environment driven by the era of Industry 4.0 and intelligent manufacturing. However, large numbers of nonsmart sensors are required in the industrial environment, causing IoT entity discovery challenges. Unlike the smart sensor, the nonsmart sensor with limited computation and communication ability is hard to discover and recognize by traditional IoT platforms. Aiming at the challenge, this work proposes a novel IoT entity discovery middleware for nonsmart sensor discovery in the industrial environment. The proposed middleware combines both sensor knowledge graphs and sensor data values to build an IoT entity discovery and recognition model. A knowledge–data fused learning network is proposed for the model to identify the data type, function, and other information of the nonsmart sensor. At last, a prototype middleware with the discovery and recognition model is produced to implement nonsmart sensor discovery. In the experimental evaluations, the prototype middleware tests various nonsmart sensors and achieves 87.6% recognition accuracy. In real-world case studies, the prototype middleware proves the feasibility and effectiveness of nonsmart sensor discovery in the industrial environment.
Dissecting Key Factors Influencing Electrochemical Conversion of Carbon Solutions over Nickel Single Atoms

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The direct electrochemical conversion of bicarbonate solutions (i.e., captured CO 2 ) has emerged as a sustainable approach for integrating CO 2 capture and utilization compared to the traditional independent and sequential route. However, the process of bicarbonate conversion is poorly understood, impeding the development of this new technology. Here, the study explores the critical factors influencing bicarbonate solution conversion over Ni single‐atom catalysts, including catalyst structure, carbon source, electrolysis temperature, and electrolyzer type. The catalyst with better exposure of Ni sites and smaller charge transfer resistance exhibits higher activity for the conversion of both gaseous CO 2 and bicarbonate solutions. In situ Raman spectroscopy and DFT calculations reveal that bicarbonate conversion follows a two‐step pathway, that is, bicarbonate dissociation to generate CO 2 followed by CO 2 reduction to form CO over Ni sites. Increasing the electrolysis temperature promotes the dissociation of HCO 3 − and boosts the CO production. More interestingly, switching the Ar/CO 2 atmosphere affects the efficiency of CO production in H‐cell but has no influence in membrane electrode assembly cell. Such a phenomenon is attributed to different CO 2 sources. This work sheds light on the electrochemical conversion of various carbon solutions and establishes the connection between the conversion of gaseous CO 2 and captured CO 2 .
Haplotaxoididae Martin, Fend, Martinsson, Klinth, Torii & Erséus, 2024, fam. nov.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Haplotaxoididae fam. nov. (clade 3 in Fig. 1) ZooBank LSID: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: C439AB3E-4C5B-46AD-83BD-11603F48A3D3 Type genus: Haplotaxoides Fend gen. nov. Diagnosis As for type genus. Remarks The new family closely resembles members of Haplotaxidae in general habitus. Although the narrow-elongate body form, thick integumental cuticle, and the unpaired chaetae (with enlarged ventrals) all closely resemble those of Haplotaxis, differences in pharyngeal musculature, ventral glands, coelomocytes, and position of the (metagynous) ovaries suggest a separate family on morphological grounds. The establishment of the new family is also justified with molecular data, as all species of the genus Haplotaxoides are grouped together in a clade with maximal support, distinctly separate from Haplotaxidae s.s. within the phylogeny of Clitellata (Fig. 1).
Remote applications of electric potential sensors in electrically unshielded environments

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The electric potential sensor is a novel, ultra high impedance sensor, previously developed at the University of Sussex. These sensors have been applied to a range of applications, including electrophysiology, non destructive testing of composite materials and novel nuclear magnetic resonance NMR probes. Some of these measurements can be made in a strongly coupled (=100pF) mode, where the coupling capacitance is reasonably large and well dened, and ambient noise is therefore less problematic. However for many applications, there exists a requirement for this coupling to be much weaker. This weak and poorly dened coupling creates substantial problems with ambient noise often causing sensors to saturate and become unusable. In the past, therefore, these measurements have all been made inside electrically screened rooms and enclosures. The work discussed in this thesis explores the possibility of operating these sensors outside of electrically screened environments. A number of techniques for resilience against noise are explored and experiments to fully analyse and characterise the performance of the sensors are discussed. As a result of this work, further results are then shown for a number of experiments carried out in a busy lab environment, in the presence of noise sources, and with little or minimal screening used. In this case, data is shown for the collection of remote cardiac and respiratory data, imaging of the spatial distribution of charge on insulating materials, detecting electric eld disturbances for movement sensing and early results for a microscopic XY scanning application.
Tracing the Sole of a Thrust Through Thick and Thin of Salina Group (Upper Silurian): Decollement Tectonics of Southern Tier, New York: ABSTRACT

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The elusive decollement of the Allegheny Plateau is identified by repeat stratigraphic sections on gamma-ray logs, and is mapped along the Southern Tier of New York. The detachment surface is found at three progressively lower stratigraphic levels from east to west within the Salina Group. In the eastern counties, Chemung, Schuyler, Tompkins, and Tioga, Unit F (salt) sections of the Syracuse Formation are vertically repeated two and three times along splays of the main thrust fault residing within Unit F. Fault throws as great as 400 ft (120 m) are shown on gamma-ray logs. Correlations provide evidence for overthickened sections, which are accounted for by imbricate thrusting of the section, thereby stacking the salt beds atop each other over decollement. The three-dimensional dome shape of the Syracuse Formation with planar base supports a thin-skinned tectonic origin and negates the primary depositional genesis. The thrust was upward to the northwest, and subsurface faults are associated with folds at the surface. In Steuben and Allegany Counties, the overthickened Unit E sections of the Syracuse Formation again suggest the presence of stacked repeat sections rather than a depocenter. The detachment surface is near the base of Unit E. Mapping indicates that the rocks from the northwest have slid and overridden those to the southeast in the central region. To the west in County, decollement terminates in a structure with northeast strike, here named the Chautauqua anticline. This prominent subsurface thrust zone is of smaller proportions, but structurally comparable to the Burning Springs anticline of West Virginia. At the northwest edge of the underlying salt beds, the horizontal decollement bends upward into the Upper Silurian and Lower Devonian rocks, eventually dying out in the fissile shales of the Hamilton Group. Thin-skinned slippage has occurred on at least two planes--those of the evaporite beds in the Syracuse and Vernon Formations. The anticline forms the structural trap for the targets of recent plays in the Bass Islands and Akron dolostones of the Rondout Group overlying the Salina. End_of_Article - Last_Page 1452------------
Design Principles of Efficient Data-driven S-transform Hardware Realization

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

S-transform is a prominent time-frequency representation suitable for various practical applications. Our previous research has been focused on hardware implementations of its several forms. This paper represents continuation of efforts towards the proposal of design principles that keep the hardware complexity at the reasonable level and enable implementation of the data-driven S-transform. The influence of the presented principles on the usage of hardware resources during implementation is analyzed, along with the comparative analysis of realizations of different S-transform forms.
Can Digital Finance Promote Rice Production? Evidence from Sichuan Province, China

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The rapid development of digital finance has effectively reduced financial challenges in rural regions and created new prospects for agricultural production. This article examines the impact of digital financial development on rice production in Sichuan Province using the 2011–2021 Peking University Digital Financial Inclusion Index and data from 20 prefecture-level cities, as well as a fixed effects model. The mechanism of action is also discussed. The findings reveal that the advancement of digital finance plays an important role in boosting the expansion of rice production, and that digital finance influences rice output by increasing farmers’ willingness to participate in insurance and increasing the availability of credit. A heterogeneity analysis reveals that digital finance has a substantial effect on mountainous and economically poor areas. As a result, this article suggests that the breadth and depth of usage of rural digital finance, as well as the development of rural digital financial services in underdeveloped areas, should be expanded.
Spinons in a Crossed-Chains Model of a 2D Spin Liquid

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Using Random Phase Approximation, we show that a crossed-chains model of a\nspin-1/2 Heisenberg spins, with frustrated interchain couplings, has a\nnon-dimerized spin-liquid ground state in 2D, with deconfined spinons as the\nelementary excitations. The results are confirmed by a bosonization study,\nwhich shows that the system is an example of a `sliding Luttinger liquid'. In\nan external field, the system develops an incommensurate field-induced long\nrange order with a finite transition temperature.\n
Predictors of frailty among Chinese community-dwelling older adults with type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional survey

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objectives To assess the prevalence of frailty and identify predictors of frailty among Chinese community-dwelling older adults with type 2 diabetes. Design A cross-sectional design. Setting Two community health centres in central China. Participants 291 community-dwelling older adults aged ≥65 years with type 2 diabetes. Main outcome measures Data were collected via face-to-face interviews, anthropometric measurements, laboratory tests and community health files. The main outcome measure was frailty, as assessed by the frailty phenotype criteria. The multivariate logistic regression model was used to identify the predictors of frailty. Results The prevalence of prefrailty and frailty were 51.5% and 19.2%, respectively. The significant predictors of frailty included alcohol drinking (ex-drinker) (OR 4.461, 95% CI 1.079 to 18.438), glycated haemoglobin (OR 1.434, 95% CI 1.045 to 1.968), nutritional status (malnutrition risk/malnutrition) (OR 8.062, 95% CI 2.470 to 26.317), depressive symptoms (OR 1.438, 95% CI 1.166 to 1.773) and exercise behaviour (OR 0.796, 95% CI 0.716 to 0.884). Conclusions A high prevalence of frailty was found among older adults with type 2 diabetes in the Chinese community. Frailty identification and multifaceted interventions should be developed for this population, taking into consideration proper glycaemic control, nutritional instruction, depressive symptoms improvement and enhancement of self-care behaviours.
7. The Right to an Effective Remedy

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This chapter examines the issue of remedy under the provisions of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR), addresses the question concerning the existence of an arguable complaint and the effectiveness of the remedy in the national legal order, and considers proceedings in cases involving violations by persons in an official capacity. It also discusses the approach of the Strasbourg Court in the determination of remedies and the increasing use of Article 13 to tackle repetitive cases by requesting respondent States to create remedies so that the complaints can be dealt with at national level.
Interaction of a ScrewDislocation With an Arbitrary Shaped ElasticInhomogeneity

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract In this paper, the interaction between a screw dislocation and an arbitrary shaped elastic inhomogeneity with different material properties than the surrounding matrix is investigated. The exact solution to this problem is derived by means of complex variable methods and Faber series expansion. Specifically, the conformal mapping function maps the matrix region surrounding the inhomogeneity onto the outside of a unit circle in the image plane, while the analytic function defined in the elastic inhomogeneity is expressed in terms of a Faber series expansion. Once the series form solution is obtained, the stress fields due to the screw dislocation can be obtained. Also the image force on the screw dislocation due to its interaction with the elastic inhomogeneity is derived. Three examples of a screw dislocation interacting with (1) an equilateral triangular inhomogeneity, (2) a square inhomogeneity, and (3) a five-pointed star-shaped inhomogeneity are presented to illustrate how the stiffness of the triangular, square or five-pointed star-shaped inhomogeneity can influence the mobility of the screw dislocation.
A restoration method for distorted image scanned from a bound book

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

When a bound document such as a book is scanned or copied with a flat-bed scanner, there are two kinds of defects in the scanned image; the geometric and photometric distortion. The root cause of the defects is the imperfect contact between the book to be scanned and the scanner glass plate. The long gap between the book center and the glass plate causes the optical path from the surface of the book and the imaging unit(CCD/CIS) to be different from the optimal condition. In this paper, we propose a method for restoring bound document scan images without any additional information or sensor. We correct the bound document images based on the estimation of the boundary feature and background profile. Boundary Feature is obtained after calculating and analyzing the Minimum Boundary Rectangle which encloses the whole foreground contents with minimum size and the extracted feature is used for correcting geometric distortion; de-skew, warping, and page separation. Background profile is estimated from the gradient map and it is utilized to correct photometric distortion; exposure problem. Experimental results show effectiveness of our proposed method.
The Use of In Vitro Brain Slices for Multidisciplinary Studies of Synaptic Function

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The use of cell and tissue culture is well established and, particularly in the hands of biochemists, has contributed considerably to present knowl­ edge of cell function at the single cell level. A complementary technique, which permits the study of the mechanisms of intercellular interactions, appears to be the in vitro brain slice (Yamamoto & McIlwain 1966). These tissue slices are transferred into the artificial environment as intact function­ ing units in which the complicated hardware, the interconnections be-
Fingerprinting of Mangrove Ecosystems along Northern Kerala Coast using Biomarker Approach

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Mangrove forests are the most productive and bio-diverse wetlands on\nearth. It generate a large amount of litter in the form of leaves, branches, twigs,\ninflorescence and other debris and provides habitat for diverse flora and fauna of\nmarine and terrestrial origin such as bacteria, fungi, algae, lichens, zooplankton,\nbenthos, birds, reptiles and mammals. These systems act as nursery for many\nfishes and shellfishes. The other sources may also provide important organic\ncarbon inputs; including allochthonous riverine or marine material, autochthonous\nproduction by benthic or epiphytic micro- or macroalgae, and local water\ncolumn production by phytoplankton. Since mangrove sediments are very\ncomplex which receives autochthonous and allochthonous organic matter inputs,\nthe information extracted from the analysis of mangrove sediments is the\nfingerprint of both natural and human-induced changes.
Repetition effects with categorizable stimulus and response sets.

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The repetition effect refers to the finding that reaction times are faster on trial n when the stimulus presented and/or the response required is the same as on trial n−1 than when it is different. Five experiments examined the importance of stimulus features and response features in obtaining the repetition effect. Experiment 1 demonstrated a need for the stimuli to be categorically mapped to responses for a response repetition effect to be observed. Experiments 2-5 showed that the repetition effect can be obtained across responding hands when spatial information (Experiments 2 and 4) or finger information (Experiments 2 and 5) is consistent across hands but not when these sources of information are eliminated (Experiment 3)
Development and Validation of Deep-Learning-Based Sepsis and Septic Shock Early Prediction System (DeepSEPS) Using Real-World ICU Data

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Successful sepsis treatment depends on early diagnosis. We aimed to develop and validate a system to predict sepsis and septic shock in real time using deep learning. Methods: Clinical data were retrospectively collected from electronic medical records (EMRs). Data from 2010 to 2019 were used as development data, and data from 2020 to 2021 were used as validation data. The collected EMRs consisted of eight vital signs, 13 laboratory data points, and three demographic information items. We validated the deep-learning-based sepsis and septic shock early prediction system (DeepSEPS) using the validation datasets and compared our system with other traditional early warning scoring systems, such as the national early warning score, sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA), and quick sequential organ failure assessment. Results: DeepSEPS achieved even higher area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) values (0.7888 and 0.8494 for sepsis and septic shock, respectively) than SOFA. The prediction performance of traditional scoring systems was enhanced because the early prediction time point was close to the onset time of sepsis; however, the DeepSEPS scoring system consistently outperformed all conventional scoring systems at all time points. Furthermore, at the time of onset of sepsis and septic shock, DeepSEPS showed the highest AUROC (0.9346). Conclusions: The sepsis and septic shock early warning system developed in this study exhibited a performance that is worth considering when predicting sepsis and septic shock compared to other traditional early warning scoring systems. DeepSEPS showed better performance than existing sepsis prediction programs. This novel real-time system that simultaneously predicts sepsis and septic shock requires further validation.
About Building Stereotomy

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This contribution tries to reintroduce Stereotomy within the field of “research by design”: the discipline, in fact, can be used as a means of re-composition of the design, project and execution phases. Starting from the origin of this break-up, the focus moves to the actual value of geometric and formal prefiguration and to the validity criteria that make its re-introduction desirable, both as educational discipline and design tool. In addition, it's suggested a line of research related to its critical update and the methods through which figure out the possible outcomes of its application. Particular attention is given to the prototype: only the material realization allows to obtain a tangible result to creative speculation. In the last part 7 stone prototypes will be presented. They have been developed during recent years as a result of the attempt to combine multiple instances into a synthetic architectural object.
EVALUATION OF Azospirillum brasilense DOSE RESPONSE ON FRESH AND DRY MATTER OF SHOOT AND ROOT OF CORN PLANTS

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Zea mays (corn) is one of the leading crops focused on producing food and feed for humans and animals. The use of diazotrophic bacteria such as Azospirillum brasilense demonstrates a positive effect on nitrogen availability, a primordial element for the development of this plant. This study aimed to evaluate the gain of the fresh and dry matter of shoots and roots in a corn cultivar inoculated with A. brasilense at different doses. The experiment was carried out in pots containing soil. The corn seeds, cultivar Agroceres® 5055, were inoculated with A. brasilense at doses between 100 to 250 mL 20 kg-1. It was observed that inoculation with A. brasilense positively affected fresh and dry matter gain of both shoot and roots between doses of 100-200 mL 20 kg-1 compared to the control. As for plant height in two stages, V6 and V8, there was no positive effect with the inoculant compared to the control. Azospirillum brasilense significantly affected shoot and root matter gain in the corn cultivar Agroceres® 5055, thus ensuring better development of corn plants.
Using hearing and vision for motion prediction, motion perception, and localization

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Predicting the location of moving objects in noisy environments is essential to everyday behavior, like when participating in traffic. Although many objects provide multisensory information, it remains unknown how humans use multisensory information to localize moving objects, and how this depends on expected sensory interference (e.g., occlusion). In four experiments, we systematically investigated localization performance for auditory, visual, and audiovisual targets. Performance for audiovisual targets was compared to performance predicted by Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE). In Experiment 1A, moving targets were occluded by an audiovisual occluder, and their final locations had to be inferred from target speed and occlusion duration. Participants relied exclusively on the visual component of the audiovisual target, even though the auditory component demonstrably provided useful location information when presented in isolation. In contrast, when a visual-only occluder was used in Experiment 1B, participants relied primarily on the auditory component of the audiovisual target, even though the visual component demonstrably provided useful location information when presented in isolation. In Experiment 2, no multisensory precision benefits were found when participants localized moving audiovisual target objects. Yet, localization estimates were in line with MLE predictions. In Experiment 3, a substantial multisensory benefit was found when participants localized static audiovisual target objects, showing near-MLE audiovisual integration. In sum, observers use both hearing and vision when localizing static objects, but use only unisensory input when localizing moving objects and predicting motion under occlusion, perhaps to minimize short-term memory load. Moreover, observers can flexibly prioritize one sense over the other, in anticipation of modality-specific interference.