jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Effects of Litter Materials on Body Weight, Packed Cell Volume and Ectoparasite Dermanyssus gallinae

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This research aimed to investigate the most suitable litter materials for broiler farming. Ninety six broiler chicken of Cobb Strain (Anwar Sierad) were used. The Experimental design used was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 6 replications. Each treatment unit consisted of 4 chicken. The treatment applied was litter materials, which consisted of rice husk, rice straw, wood shavings and sawdust. Data obtained were analyzed using analysis of variance and continued with Honestly Significant Difference (HSD). Variables observed were body weight at harvest, packed cell volume (PCV) and number of ectoparasite Dermanyssus gallinae. Results showed that body weight at harvest of broiler kept on wood shavings was significantly (P<0.05) higher than those on the other litter materials. The treatments have no significant effect (P>0.05) on PCV. In addition, wood shavings contained significantly (P<0.05) less mite of Dermanyssus gallinae than the other materials. In conclusion, wood shavings was the best litter material for obtaining broiler body weight at harvest, and contained less ectoparasite microorganism, particularly of Dermanyssus gallinae, than the others. (Animal Production 10(3): 194-197 (2008) Key Words: Broiler, litters, harvest, Packed Cell Volume, ectoparasite
Supplemental material for Monitoring of the Inner Ear Function During and After Cochlear Implant Insertion Using Electrocochleography

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Supplemental Material for Monitoring of the Inner Ear Function During and After Cochlear Implant Insertion Using Electrocochleography by Sabine Haumann, Marina Imsiecke, Günther Bauernfeind, Andreas Büchner, Victor Helmstaedter, Thomas Lenarz and Rolf B. Salcher in Trends in Hearing
Impact of Paintings Made from Waste Materials from a Particular Region on Viewers’ Behavioral Intention Regarding Social and Environmental Issues

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this study is to analyze how future landscape paintings using paints and binders made from the waste materials of a particular region and the background information of these artworks affect viewers’ behavioral intentions regarding social and environmental issues. First, 30 beauty evaluation items were extracted by a repertory grid analysis. Then, we asked participants to view the artworks at an exhibition in order to determine the impact of the background information behind the painting and the painting itself on participants’ imagination of the future, reconsidering themselves, social and environmental issues, and their behavioral intentions. The results showed that viewing paintings with their background information and using paints made of waste materials from a particular region improved participants’ behavioral intentions to imagine the future, to reconsider themselves, and to reconsider social and environmental issues. The elements of beauty of the paintings were found to have the potential to trigger the first step toward lifestyle change for sustainability.
Performance Measures

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Performance measures are important. They shape the future and indirectly determine the quality of human life. However, performance measures often assess something other than what researchers assume they do, and their meaning is made ambiguous by the fact that they subsume conflicting subgoals. Performance measures contain correlated errors that distort inferences, and the errors in performance measures often exceed the limitations imposed by prevalent statistical techniques. Thus, researchers should be cautious about inferring that they understand the determinants or consequences of performance.
Modified Ultrsonic Actograph for Monitoring Activity of Lepidopterous Larvae

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

An ultrasonic actograph was modified to detect the slow movements typical of lepidopterous larvae. A differential instrumentation amplifier increased the sensitivity of the instrument. Activity patterns of 5th instars of Spodoptera exigua (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and Sabulodes aegrotata Guenee (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) were determined using the modified actograph. S. exigua larvae were active ca. 339 minutes of the day with significantly greater photophase activity during 0600-1000 and 1100-1300 hrs as compared to scotophase activity during 0000-0400 and 2200-2400 his. S. aegrotata larvae were active ca. 421 minutes of the day with greater activity during the scotophase period.
Transplanted Fibroblasts Prevents Dysfunctional Repair in a Murine CXCR3-Deficient Scarring Model

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In skin, the regeneration of the ontogenically distinct mesenchymal and epithelial compartments must proceed in a coordinated manner orchestrated by extracellular signaling networks. We have recently found that the switch from regeneration to remodeling during repair is modulated by chemokines that bind CXCR3 receptor. If this signaling is disrupted wounds continue to be active, resulting in a chronic hypercellular and hypertrophic state characterized by an immature matrix composition. As healing is masterminded in large part by fibroblasts and their synthesis of the extracellular matrix, the question arose as to whether this ongoing scarring can be modulated by transplanted fibroblasts. We examined wounds in the CXCR3-/-mouse scarring model. These wounds exhibited a significant delay in healing in all areas compared to young and aged wild-type mice. Full-thickness wounds were transplanted with fibroblasts derived from newborn CXCR3-/- or wild-type mice. The transplanted fibroblasts were labeled with fluorescent dye (CM-DiI) and suspended in hyaluronic acid gel; by 30 days, these transplanted cells comprised some 30% of the dermal stromal cells regardless of the host or source of transplanted cells. Wild-type fibroblasts transplanted into CXCR3-/- mice wounds reversed the delay and dysfunction previously seen in CXCR3-/- wounds; this correction was not noted with transplanted CXCR3-/- fibroblasts. Additionally, transplant of CXCR3-/-cells into wounds in wild-type animals did not adversely affect those wounds. The transplanted fibroblasts exhibited strong survival and migration patterns and led to an increase in tensile strength. Expression of matrix proteins and collagen in CXCR3-/- wounds transplanted with wild-type fibroblasts resembled normal wild-type healing, and the wound matrix in wild-type mice transplanted with CXCR3-/- cells also presented a mature matrix. These suggest that the major determinant of healing versus scarring lies with the nature of the matrix. These findings have intriguing implications for rational cellular interventions aimed at promoting wound healing via cell therapy.
The role of bystanders’ psychological well-being and gender as moderators of helping behaviour in bullying incidences

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

It is still debatable whether bystanders' psychological well-being plays a role on helping behaviour in bullying incidences. 4.807 students completed the Ryff psychological well-being scale and bullying vignettes. High scores in psychological well-being were found to be related with helping behaviour. In contrast, participants with low psychological well-being tended to support the perpetrator. The findings of Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) demonstrated a moderate effect of gender on psychological well-being, which was evident only in helping the victim. The moderation analysis also suggests that when the bystander was a male student, he tended to help a victim if he had a high score in his psychological well-being. It is concluded that the psychological well-being state of the bystander would determine whether a student bystander would help a victim or support the perpetrator. This study suggests the importance of maintaining the positive psychological well-being of students to reduce bullying in schools.
A panel SVAR analysis of the long-run economic impact of migration

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Attraverso un approccio basato sulla stima di modelli SVAR per panel eterogenei, questo lavoro si pone l’obiettivo di indagare l’impatto macroeconomico di lungo periodo di uno shock migratorio. I dati riguardano 19 paesi OCSE, osservati per il periodo 1985-2013. Osservando le risposte mediane del campione rispetto a shock unitari comuni nella migrazione netta, si riscontra come esse concordino con la visione tradizionale che prevede un impatto nullo nel lungo periodo. Al contrario, le risposte a shock strutturali idiosincratici mostrano come l’immigrazione innalzi il livello di stato stazionario sia della produttività totale dei fattori sia della produttività del lavoro e riduca il rapporto tra capitale e lavoro. Ponendo in relazione le impulse response functions (IRFs) nazionali con un set di indicatori macroeconomici specifici di ciascun paese, si osserva come i nostri risultati siano consistenti con due distinti approcci riferiti al modello di interazione tra le diverse economie e i flussi migratori. Specificatamente, ci sono paesi per i quali politiche migratorie selettive inducono un innalzamento congiunto nei valori di stato stazionario della produttività totale dei fattori e della produttività del lavoro (lasciando inalterato il rapporto tra capitale e lavoro) ed altri paesi, relativamente specializzati nel settore dei servizi e con mercati del lavoro più fluidi, nei quali possono realizzarsi delle complementarità tra capitale ed immigrati.
Evidence That Forage-Fed Cows Can Enhance Milk Quality

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Researching the distinguishing factors of nutritional milk quality is key to sustainable production and addresses increasing media and scientific scrutiny regarding human health effects and ecological impacts of dairy products. Modern Western diets have high omega-6 relative to omega-3 fatty acid (FA) consumption. This ratio in milk can be manipulated by management practices; increasing forage in dairy diets raises omega-3 in milk. Whilst studies identify higher concentrations of nutritionally beneficial FAs in organic dairy, milk from 100% forage-fed cows in the UK has not been investigated. This study explores differences in FA composition between supermarket conventional and organic and Pasture for Life Association (PFLA) milk, collected in April, July and October, 2017. PFLA milk had higher concentrations of conjugated linoleic acid (+94%) and omega-3 (+92%) than conventional milk. Additionally, concentrations of palmitic acid (+11%), omega-6 (+69%) and the ratio of omega-6/omega-3 (+201%) were higher in conventional than PFLA milk. PFLA milk had higher concentrations of alpha-linolenic acid (+39%), conjugated linoleic acid (+30%) and omega-3 (+21%) and lower concentrations of omega-6 (−36%) and a lower ratio of omega-6/omega-3 (−44%) than organic milk. This supports previous studies and demonstrates the scope to improve milk FA profiles further for potential health benefits through pasture-based management.
Supplemental materials for preprint: Open Access publishing practice in Geochemistry: current state and look to the future

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Open Access (OA) describes the free, unrestricted access to and re-use of research articles. Recently, a new wave of interest, debate, and practice surrounding OA publishing has emerged. In this paper, we provide a simple overview of the trends in OA practice in the broad field of geochemistry. Characteristics of the approach such as whether or not an article processing charge (APC) exists, what embargo periods or restrictions on self-archiving’ policies are in place, and whether or not the sharing of preprints is permitted are described. The majority of journals have self-archiving policies that allow authors to share their peer reviewed work via green OA without charge. The journals with the highest APC are typically those of the major commercial publishers, rather than the geochemistry community themselves. Until the geochemistry community makes the decision to move away from journal-based evaluation criteria, it is likely that such high costs will continue to impose financial inequities upon research community. However, geochemists could more widely choose legal self-archiving as an equitable and sustainable way to progress communication of their research.
On Detection of Critical Events in a Finite Forest using Randomly\n Deployed Wireless Sensors

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Ecosystem of a forest suffers from many adverse events such as wild-fire\nwhich can occur randomly anywhere in the forest and grows in size with time.\nThis paper aims to analyze performance of a network of randomly deployed\nwireless sensors for the early detection of these time-critical and\ntime-evolving events in a forest. We consider that the forest lies in a\nconfined space (e.g. a circular region) and the wireless sensors, with fixed\nsensing range, are deployed within the boundary of forest itself. The sensing\narea of the network is modeled as a finite Boolean-Poisson model. In this\nmodel, the locations of sensors are modeled as a finite homogeneous Poisson\nPoint Process (PPP) and the sensing area of each sensor is assumed to be a\nfinite set. This paper aims to answer questions about the proximity of a\ntypical sensor from a randomly occurred event and the total sensing area\ncovered by sensors. We first derive the distribution of contact distance of a\nFHPPP and the expression of the capacity functional of a finite Boolean-Poisson\nmodel. Using these, we then derive the probability of sensing the event at time\nt, termed event-sensing probability.\n
Design and Green Synthesis of Piperlongumine Analogs\nand Their Antioxidant Activity against Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion\nInjury

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The\nsupplementation of exogenous antioxidants to scavenge excessive\nreactive oxygen species (ROS) is an effective treatment for cerebral\nischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI) in stroke. Piperlongumine (PL),\na natural alkaloid, has a great potential as a neuroprotective agent,\nbut it also has obvious toxicity. Moreover, its neuroprotective effects\nremain to be improved. In this study, we designed a series of novel\nPL analogs by hybridizing the screened low-toxicity diketene skeleton\nwith antioxidant effect and the 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl group, which\nmay increase the antioxidant activity of PL. The intermediate was\nsynthesized by a novel green synthesis method, and 34 compounds were\nobtained. The compounds without obvious cytotoxicity have remarkable\nantioxidant effects, especially compared with diketene skeletons and\nPL. The cytoprotection of the active compound decreased significantly\nby reduction of the carbon–carbon double bonds of the Michael\nacceptor in the diketene skeleton. More importantly, further study\nrevealed that compound <b>A9</b>, which has the best activity,\ncan confer protection for cells against oxidative stress and attenuate\nbrain injury in vivo. Overall, this study provided a promising drug\ncandidate for the treatment of CIRI and guided the further development\nof drug research in oxidative stress-mediated diseases.
Reflections on the use of community based participatory research to affect social and political change: examples from research with refugees and older people in Ireland

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Academic research can be criticised for its lack of social impact in the ‘real world’. Study findings are often not well understood nor used effectively to shape policy making and practice. These issues are pertinent for practising social workers who often find it difficult to utilise research knowledge to influence the public realm and engage service users in social change. This paper presents two community based participatory research (CBPR) case studies reflecting on learning achieved from carrying out the research: Study 1 relates to refugees and Study 2 relates to older people. It reflects on how CBPR partnership approaches were used to influence social policy and affect social change in organisational and practice environments in the Irish context and also reflects on the challenges and benefits of working with peer researchers and civil society organisations. The case studies suggest there are considerable advantages to adopting a collective advocacy approach using CBPR, including: creating meaningful impact that has relevance for policy and practice; facilitating the engagement of universities with civic society; and providing a mechanism whereby social workers can engage in the pursuit of social justice for vulnerable communities with whom they work.
Perceptions of nurse practitioners regarding their role in physical activity and exercise prescription for older adults.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Health promotion related to physical activity and exercise is an integral part of the nurse practitioner (NP) role. Yet, studies suggest that only 30% of primary care clinicians provide counseling to their sedentary patients (Clinician's Handbook of Preventive Services, 1994). This percentage may be even less with clients who represent the oldest old or a minority population. Information about the extent to which NPs counsel patients about physical activity and exercise prescription has not been well documented. The purpose of this research study was to identify the NPs role in providing individualized exercise prescription and to determine what strategies NPs use in assisting older adults to initiate and maintain an exercise program. The study utilized a focus group design comprising two focus groups, ranging in size from 6 to 7. Purposive sampling was used to enlist NP focus group participants. Content analysis of each transcript revealed that NP participants in these two focus groups utilize health history taking and observation skills in determining an older adult's physical fitness, physical activity, and exercise. None of the NP participants used a formalized instrument, nor did they use specific guidelines in prescribing physical activity and exercise recommendations. Frailty and socioeconomic status were variables that NPs consider in their physical activity and exercise recommendations, whereas ethnicity, age, and gender were not. Overall, NPs reported using a very small percentage of their time to physical activity and exercise counseling in primary care visits. Given the well-documented benefits of physical activity and exercise (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 1996; American College of Sports Medicine, 1998), it remains a matter of serious concern that more than 60% of American adults are not regularly physically active (Office of the Surgeon General, 1996). It is imperative that policymakers include physical activity and exercise counseling as a condition for reimbursement in primary care visits.
Teacher abuse, school burnout and school attachment as predictors of adolescents’ risky behaviors

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The aim of this study is to determine the predictive level of teacher abuse, school burnout and school attachment for risky behaviors in adolescents, and to examine risky behaviors according to some demographic variables. Relational survey model was employed in the study. The study group consisted of 446 adolescents with an average age of 15.49 years studying in secondary schools. Personal information form, Risky Behaviors Scale, Teacher Emotional Abuse Scale, School Burnout Scale and School Attachment Scale for Adolescents were used to obtain demographic information about students. As for data analysis, Pearson's Correlation Coefficient Analysis, Multiple Linear Regression Analysis, Independent Samples t-Test and One-Way Variance Analysis were employed. As a result, it was found that teacher abuse and school burnout predicted adolescents’ risky behaviors in a positively significant direction whereas school attachment predicted adolescents’ risky behaviors in a negatively significant direction. It was revealed that the score averages taken from the total and sub-dimensions of risky behaviors differed significantly according to gender, grade level, academic average, perceived socioeconomic level and family structure variables. In addition, it was determined that suicidal tendencies did not differ based on gender, academic average and class level; antisocial behaviors and school dropout did not significantly differ according to the grade level.
Professional Development for Quality Teaching and Learning

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Quality teaching and student achievement have been the focus of much debate and research throughout the American education system. Despite implementation of teacher professional development, concerns remained about its effectiveness regarding quality teaching and student achievement. Thus, a paradigm shift ensued to promote effective, on-going capacity-building teacher professional development, known as job-embedded professional development. Educational milieus experienced reforms ranging from high-stakes testing to the standards movement, and recently, teacher evaluations incorporating value-added measures, all of which underscore professional development significance. The purpose of this chapter is to review, analyze, and synthesize current literature on teacher professional development, the need for job-embedded professional development, implementation challenges, and the relationship between teacher professional development and student learning outcomes. The chapter also examines gaps in the literature, followed by solutions, recommendations, and future research directions.
Application of eco-concrete slope protection and virescence construction technique of perfusion-based vegetation membrane to hydraulic engineering revetment

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Most of the traditional slope protections are built with concrete or masonry,and then a cut-off is surely to be formed between water and the soil of onshore land,which can damage the relevant ecological balance.However,the conventional virescence construction techniques completed with the vegetation eco-concrete slope protection widely used in recent years also have the defects of the lower fertilizer and water retention capacities,poor erosion resistance,etc.of the overlaying soil.The combination of vegetation eco-concrete slope protection with the virescence construction technique of perfusion-based vegetation membrane can overcome the those defects of both the traditional slope protections and the conventional virescence construction techniques.The application of vegetation porous eco-concrete slope protection and the virescence construction technique of perfusion-based vegetation membrane to the engineering design of the project of the construction of the revetment of the floodwater drainage ditch in Lingang Industrial Park of Fangchenggang City is described herein along with the expatiations made on the technical principle,construction technology and expected application effect concerned.