jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Chronic Pancreatitis and the Development of Pancreatic Cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Pancreatitis is a fibro-inflammatory disorder of the pancreas that can occur acutely or chronically as a result of the activation of digestive enzymes that damage pancreatic cells, which promotes inflammation. Chronic pancreatitis with persistent fibro-inflammation of the pancreas progresses to pancreatic cancer, which is the fourth leading cause of cancer deaths across the globe. Pancreatic cancer involves cross-talk of inflammatory, proliferative, migratory, and fibrotic mechanisms. In this review, we discuss the role of cytokines in the inflammatory cell storm in pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer and their role in the activation of SDF1&#945;/CXCR4, SOCS3, inflammasome, and NF-&#954;B signaling. The aberrant immune reactions contribute to pathological damage of acinar and ductal cells, and the activation of pancreatic stellate cells to a myofibroblast-like phenotype. We summarize several aspects involved in the promotion of pancreatic cancer by inflammation and include a number of regulatory molecules that inhibit that process.
Issue Publication Information

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleIssue Publication InformationCite this: ACS Chem. Neurosci. 2019, 10, 4, XXX-XXXPublication Date (Web):April 17, 2019Publication History Published online17 April 2019Published inissue 17 April 2019https://doi.org/10.1021/cnv010i004_1273631Copyright © 2019 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views96Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (176 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Monitoring U.S. Forest Dynamics with Landsat

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Forest dynamics in the United States differ substantially from those in the developing world and thus present unique monitoring requirements. The United States relies on its national forest inventory for domestic and international reporting of forest change. The ideal change monitoring system would provide up-to-date and consistent information about the location, magnitude, and nature of vegetation changes on all land cover types across the country. This chapter describes the research- and agency-based monitoring efforts which address different aspects of this ideal system, and several steps are being taken under LCMS to promote both integration of existing products and cooperation on the development of new products. Landsat imagery has also been proposed as a way to spatially interpolate LIDAR "samples" across the landscape using krigging techniques as well as a way to group LIDAR measurements based upon patterns of forest structure and disturbance.
Numerical simulations of waves passing over a slope

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Extreme waves have been studied for decades in terms of the problems such as the formation of the extreme waves and the underestimate of the probability of extreme waves by the standard models in the open ocean. There are different mechanisms exist to explain extreme waves and one of the possible mechanisms is waves propagation over an abrupt depth transition. It is found that the statistical distribution of waves can be modified when they propagate over sharp discontinuities in the bathymetry. According to the experimental results, the statistics of the waves in the experiments and the Gaussian model contradict considerably, and the distribution of surface elevation significantly deviates from the Gaussian distribution when waves propagate over sharp discontinuities. After lots of studies on this problem, it is found that this mismatch is contributed by strong nonlinear effects, which can result in errors when only using the law of superposition and Gaussian model to evaluate the waves. Thus, investigation on how the abrupt depth transition provokes extreme waves becomes important to understand the extreme waves for the safety design of offshore infrastructures. One mechanism to explain the relationship between the extreme waves and the abrupt depth transition is the interaction between second-order bound waves and free waves released due to the abrupt depth transitions. Another mechanism is that sea-states are pushed out of equilibrium. In our work, we not only analyze the progress of wave propagation over an abrupt depth transition, but also study the wave kinematics after the top of the slope. We emphasize that all of the slopes or abrupt depth transitions mentioned in this thesis are rising slopes (i.e. waves propagate from deeper water side to shallower water side). Because the wave kinematics is also important as the wave loading on offshore structures is mainly determined by the wave kinematics as well as the dynamics. For practical engineering purposes, wave loading is closely related to the safety of engineering design. In this study, a thorough convergence test and validation for the numerical code (OceanWave3D) is conducted. The wave propagation over the abrupt depth transitions is analyzed for unidirectional wave groups, unidirectional random waves, and directional spreading wave groups. The wave kinematics after the top of the slope is investigated, and the wave loading on the offshore structures is evaluated. In addition, we analyze the angle of the second-order released waves when directional spreading waves propagating over the abrupt depth transitions.
Metastatic malignant melanoma: A case of metastasis from foot to mandibular anterior region

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Metastatic malignant melanoma (MMM) of the oral cavity is extremely rare which generally presents in the setting of disseminated disease and have extremely poor prognosis. The most common site for MMM in the oral cavity is tongue followed by buccal mucosa for soft-tissue lesions and posterior mandible for bone involving lesions. Primary tumor sites of oral MMM are usually cutaneous lesions of the trunk, head and neck, limbs, and nasal septum mucosa. Patients bearing this diagnosis face median survival time of approximately 9 months with a probability of surviving 5 years after the initial presentation is <5%; hence, an early detection and treatment for the primary and metastatic lesion is crucial. Here, we present an unusual case of MMM of oral cavity involving gingiva and alveolar bone of the mandibular anterior region metastasizing from a primary lesion on the foot.
The Development of Sub-Regional Institutions in Southeast Asia: The Case of BIMP-EAGA (Pembangunan Institusi Sub-Wilayah di Asia Tenggara: Kes Kajian BIMP-EAGA)

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The relationship between economics and sub-regionalism remains relatively unexplored, particularly in the Asia-Pacific context. This article seeks to broaden the comprehension of various dimensions of this relationship. One of the focuses is to understand the circumstances in which sub-regional institutions have come to be defined as components of economic development in Southeast Asia. Another is to develop a more nuanced approach to regional studies, one that recognizes that institutional changes can occur in many forms, like Historical Institutionalism. This paper’s starting point is on the emphasis that institution is a social construction: political contestations between the social forces in the domestic often influences how state shaped regional institutions that would serve their interest. It uses the critical juncture framework championed by the Historical Institutionalist approach during that particular period to produce divergent outcomes. This study uses BIMP-EAGA to provide some grounds for optimism on the relationship between institutional changes and economic development in the region. Keywords: Historical Institutionalism, critical juncture, economic development, institutional changes, sub-regional institutions, and BIMP-EAGA Abstrak Hubungan antara ekonomi dan sub-regionalisme masih belum banyak diterokai, terutama dalam rantau Asia-Pasifik. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk lebih memahami bagaimana pelbagai dimensi mengenai hubungan ini terbentuk. Salah satu tumpuan kajian adalah untuk memahami keadaan dan kedudukan institusi-institusi sub-wilayah yang boleh dikategorikan sebagai komponen yang boleh membantu di dalam pembangunan ekonomi di rantau Asia Tenggara. Perspektif lain adalah untuk melihat sejauhmana perubahan konteks serantau, dan jika ada pendekatan yang lebih bernuansa yang boleh membantu kajian yang besifat serantau ini. Dari itu, memang ada perubahan dan perkembangan dalam institusi dan sub regionalism, seperti Institutionalisme Sejarah. Kajian ini memfokuskan kepada sejauhmana penekanan dalam institusi berhubungkait dengan pembinaan sosial: persaingan politik dalam setiap negara yang menjurus kepada kekuatan sosial, dan ini boleh mempengaruhi bagaimana institusi itu terbentuk mengikut apa bentuk kepentingan sebuah negara untuk menuju kepada pembangunan negara. Sewajarnyalah kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan Sejarah Institutionalisme yang mungkin berubah mengikut konteks tempat dan masa. Kes Kajian BIMP-EAGA adalah yang terbaik untuk melihat bagaimana hubungan antara perubahan institusi dan pembangunan ekonomi di rantau ini terbentuk dan berubah Kata kunci: Institutionalisme Sejarah, titik/tahap kritikal, pembangunan ekonomi, perubahan institusi, institusi sub-wilayah, dan BIMP-EAGA
Full electrical control of charge and spin conductance through interferometry of edge states in topological insulators

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We investigate electron interferometry of edge states in Topological Insulators. We show that, when inter-boundary coupling is induced at two quantum point contacts of a four terminal setup, both Fabry-P\'erot-like and Aharonov-Bohm-like loop processes arise. These underlying interference effects lead to a full electrically controllable system, where the magnitude of charge and spin linear conductances can be tuned by gate voltages, without applying magnetic fields. In particular we find that, under appropriate conditions, inter-boundary coupling can lead to negative values of the conductance. Furthermore, the setup also allows to selectively generate pure charge or pure spin currents, by choosing the voltage bias configuration.
Study on the effect of N-level fertilization on constituents of grape leaves and fruit quality using FT-IR spectroscopy

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This study was carried out during 2005 and 2006 in a private orchard locates at 62 km. of the Cairo - Alexandria desert road.Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopic technique was used in the present work to study the effect of N-fertilization levels on the concentrations of chlorophyll, A , B and caretenoids in grape leaves and fruit quality of grapes . Ammonium nitrate (N-fertilizer) was applied after the beginning of vegetation growth to supply 33.3%, 66.6%, 100%, 133.3%, 166.6% of the recommended N-fertilizer level. (The recommended N- fertilizer level according to the ministry of Agriculture is 50 units N and this consider as the level of 100% for comparing during N application). Chlorophyll A, Chlorophyll B and total Carotenoieds were determined by using visible spectroscopic techniques at wave lengths 470nm, 645nm, and 662nm respectively. It was found that for the leaves of the first three samples the concentrations of Chlorophyll A, Chlorophyll B and Total Carotenoieds increase with increasing of N-level. For the forth sample the rate of increasing of the concentration of pigment is characterized by a first sharp increase up to 100% followed by slow increase up to 166%. As the fifth and sixth sample the increases in the pigment concentrations with increasing N-level assumes the maximum values at 100% N-level then decrease with increasing N-level. This results obtained by using visible spectroscopic techniques is in good agreement with the results obtained by FT-IR spectroscopy. The determined values of ash content of leaves indicated that the fraction of ash content increases with the increase of the N-level from 33% to 100% and then slightly decreases with increasing the N-level to 133% and 166%. This means that the ash content of the leaves is influenced by the N-level.The fruiting data give strong evidence that the length of the clusters increases with increasing N-level until reaching the maximum in 100% treatment (the recommended level), also the T.S.S (Total Soluble Solid) and T.S.S/ Acidity ratio recorded the highest values at 100% treatment which reflect the degree of maturity and the quality of the grape production. (Journal of American Science. 2011;7(1):126-134). (ISSN: 1545- 1003).
Исследование влияния начальных состояний, анизотропии и дефектов структуры на неравновесное критическое поведение трехмерной модели Гейзенберга

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A numerical Monte Carlo study of different initial states, magnetic anisotropy of “easy axis” type, and structural defects influence on non-equilibrium critical behavior of the classical three-dimensional Heisenberg model has been carried out. Analysis of time dependence of the magnetization and the autocorrelation function for isotropic Heisenberg model has shown strong influence of initial states on relaxation of the magnetization and aging effects in behavior of the autocorrelation function, which are characterized by anomalous slowing down of relaxation and correlation in system with increasing waiting time. Study of the anisotropic Heisenberg model with magnetic anisotropy of “easy axis” type has revealed that behavior of the magnetization and autocorrelation function in long-time regime is characterized by critical exponents of the three-dimensional Ising model and more fast decay of the autocorrelation function than for isotropic Heisenberg model. It has been revealed that in structurally disordered isotropic Heisenberg model relaxing from the low-temperature initial state, the significant changes of non-equilibrium aging phenomena in comparison with pure model are observed due to the pinning of domain walls on defects. It has been shown that during this relaxation process a strong slowing-down of time dependence of the autocorrelation function is realized. As a result, superaging effects occur in long-term behavior of the autocorrelation function with values of the superaging exponent μ=2.6(1). During evolution of system from high-temperature initial state, the presence of structural defects leads to increase of aging effects in aging regime, but their influence is found irrelevant in long-time regime.
Electromagnetic torque ripple and copper losses reduction in permanent magnet synchronous machines

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

SUMMARY This paper presents a method for electromagnetic torque ripple and copper losses reduction in (non‐sinusoidal or trapezoidal) surface‐mount permanent magnet synchronous machines (SM‐PMSM). The method is based on an extension of classical dq transformation that makes it possible to write a vectorial model for this kind of machine (with a non‐sinusoidal back‐EMF waveform). This model is obtained by the application of that transformation in the classical machine per‐phase model. That transformation can be applied to machines that have any type of back‐EMF waveform, and not only trapezoidal or square‐wave back‐EMF waveforms. Implementation results are shown for an electrical converter, using the proposed vectorial model, feeding a non‐sinusoidal synchronous machine (brushless DC motor). They show that the use of this vectorial mode is a way to achieve improvements in the performance of this kind of machine, considering the electromagnetic torque ripple and copper losses, if compared to a drive system that employs a classical six‐step mode as a converter. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
1 Operatic Enlightenment inDie Zauberflöte

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract This chapter illustrates the value of recognition as an approach by providing a detailed analysis of plot, text, and music in Zauberflöte. With its rich store of enlightenment metaphor and symbolism, its overt treatment of knowledge as subject, and its marvelous dénouement in which the ascendance of light vanquishes the forces of darkness, this opera offers a marvelous demonstration of how recognition works at the levels of plot and theme. Tamino's famous colloquy with the priest in the Act I finale is read as a recognition scene. Later recognition scenes involving Papageno, Pamina, and Tamino are also discussed. The final section suggests that the contrivance (and reversal) various critics have sensed in Zauberflöte may be understood as what Terence Cave has called the “scandal of recognition”.
A Conversation With Arundhati Roy

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Arundhati Roy paid her first visit to Vancouver in early April. While she was there, Carmen Rodriguez took the opportunity to talk with her about politics, writing and resistance movements. Arundhati Roy is winner of the 1997 Man Booker prize for her novel The God of Small Things, author of many books and essays, most recently Capitalism: A Ghost Story. Carmen Rodriguez is from Chile; she’s a novelist, a poet and an activist. Her most recent book, Retribution, was a runner-up for best book in the popular fiction category of the International Latino Book Awards. Check out our website for more information about Redeye. Find us on Facebook and like our page for regular updates.
Enzyme-Free Immunoassay Using Silver Nanoparticles for Detection of Gliadin at Ultralow Concentrations

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Determination of biomarkers in clinical or food samples is of crucial importance for monitoring, prevention, and care of public health. The standard procedure used for this purpose is the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), which makes use of the specific antibody-antigen biorecognition and the catalytic effect of the enzymes. One of the main shortcomings of this technique is the use of enzymes that often present low chemical and thermal stabilities compared to other chemicals. Other drawbacks include the nonspecific binding process that could lead to false-positive results, the use of relatively large amounts of the sample, and the number of time-consuming steps involved. Recently, an enzyme-free and ultrasensitive analytical method for antigen detection denoted as intensity depletion immunolinked assay (IDILA) has been proposed by our laboratory. The assay is based on the inhibition to form Ag nanosphere dimers linked by a specific antibody in the presence of the corresponding antigen. In this work, we go a step further demonstrating how the performance of this method could be improved by using silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) of different diameters (58 and 78 nm). The experiments are performed for detecting gliadin, an antigen of utmost importance in celiac disease, and the results are compared with ELISA, the standard technique homologated by the Food Codex Alimentarius. It is found that the IDILA assay could be around 1000 or 10 000 times more sensitive than ELISA, also having lower limits of detection, depending on the conditions explored (fraction of dimers and Ag NP diameter). Using the appropriate conditions, the IDILA assay is shown to be able to detect femtomolar concentrations of the antigen, besides being robust, reliable, cheap, rapid (around 2 h), and of easy implementation using the standard equipment and biomolecular reagents used for the ELISA assay.
Fear Of Missing Out Dengan Konformitas Pada Generasi Z

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The rapid development of technology affects Gen Z to communicate between individuals. This technological explosion gave rise to the phenomenon of fear of missing out, the fear of losing moments so that behavior emerged to continue to monitor, making individuals anxious when they were left behind. Especially when individuals are influenced by conformity in the form of pressure from their group to always be connected with what is happening on social media. This study aims to determine the relationship between fear of missing out and conformity in the z generation. The subjects used in this study were individuals aged 19-23 years involving 98 respondents. Sampling using non-probability sampling technique by accidental sampling by spreading Google form. The instrument used is the fear of missing out scale according to Przybylski's theory (2013) and the conformity scale according to Sears' theory (2004). The analysis technique used is the product moment with a result of 0.926 with a significance of p = 0.000 <0.01. The research measurement to see the reliability of the instrument uses the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient which when analyzing requires the help of SPSS 25.0 software for Windows. The results obtained show that the proposed hypothesis is accepted, the higher the fear of missing out, the higher the conformity. Vice versa, the higher the fear of missing out, the higher the conformity of generation z individuals. Perkembangan teknologi yang pesat mempengaruhi gen z berkomunikasi antar individu. Ledakan teknologi ini memunculkan fenomena fear of missing out ketakutan akan kehilangan momen sehingga muncul perilaku untuk terus memantau sehingga membuat individu gelisah ketika tertinggal. Terutama ketika individu mendapat pengaruh konformitas berupa tekanan dari kelompoknya agar selalu terhubung dengan yang sedang terjadi di media sosial. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara fear of missing out dengan konformitas pada generasi z. Subjek yang digunakan pada penelitian ini individu dengan usia 19-23 tahun melibatkan 98 responden. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik non probability sampling secara accidental sampling dengan menyebar google form. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah skala fear of missing out sesuai dengan teori Przybylski (2013) dan skala konformitas sesuai dengan teori Sears (2004). Teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah product moment dengan hasil 0,926 dengan signifikansi p = 0,000 < 0,01. Pengukuran penelitian untuk melihat reliabilitas instrumen menggunakan koefisien cronbach alpha yang ketika analisis membutuhkan bantuan software SPSS 25.0 for Windows. Hasil yang didapat menunjukkan hipotesis yang diajukan diterima, semakin tinggi fear of missing out maka semakin tinggi konformitas. Begitu juga sebaliknya, semakin tinggi fear of missing out maka semakin tinggi konformitas pada individu generasi z.