jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
LONGITUDINAL ASSESSMENT OF AIR POLLUTANTS IN LISBON REGION BETWEEN 2014-2018 AT ENTRECAMPOS AND LARANJEIRAS STATIONS

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Background: Climate change is one of the main threats to sustainable development. Climate plays an important role in determining air quality standards at various scales, in time and space since emissions are influenced by meteorological variables such as temperature, humidity, speed, and wind direction. Emissions from road traffic come from the combustion process, with the consequent release of exhaust gases. Air pollution in many countries is getting worse with industrialization and urbanization. Climate change can directly or indirectly affect the incidence and severity of respiratory infections. The existence of different types of stations operating in the same network of monitoring of the air quality (RMQAr) allows an evaluation at different scales, thus facilitating the evaluation of air quality and its management.
Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the behavior of the variation of the concentrations of five pollutants: nitrogen dioxide (NO2), nitrogen oxide (NOx), ozone (O3), particulate matter less than 2, 5 (PM2,5), and particulate matter less than 10 (PM10), from the year 2014 to 2018 in two different air quality stations, Entrecampos, an urban station where its type of influence is car traffic and that of Laranjeiro, an urban station and its type of influence is the background.
Methods: This work is based on air quality data extracted from the QualAR Online Database of the Portuguese Environment Agency.
Results: In this work, we observed that the concentration of NO2, NOx, PM2.5, and PM10 is always higher in the air quality station of Entrecampos (EQAE) and the opposite happens with the O3 in the air quality station in Laranjeiro (EQAL). It was found that there is great variability in the concentration of these pollutants throughout the seasons and days since they are influenced by weather conditions and natural and anthropogenic sources.
Conclusion(s): Systematically monitoring the concentrations of pollutants over time allows us to obtain important information about their location and geographical and spatial dispersion that can be used to study possible risk sites, to minimize emission sources, or adapt solutions to reduce their values.

Presenter e-mail: supaixao@estescoimbra.pt
Withdrawal syndrome caused by naltrexone in opioid abusers

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Study objective: Naltrexone is a competitive opioid receptor antagonist acting at the µ- and k-opioid receptors that blocks the euphoric effects of exogenous administered opioids. When used in opioid-dependent patients, naltrexone can cause acute and severe withdrawal symptoms. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted from December 2007 to March 2008 and consisted of patients who had used naltrexone accidentally or deliberately and were referred to Loghman-Hakim Poison Hospital, Tehran, Iran. All symptoms and signs were assessed and the relationship between the dose of naltrexone, opioid dependence, and outcome was evaluated. Results: In 132 patients referred to our hospital, the most frequently reported symptoms and signs occurring in more than 10% of patients were agitation (96.2%), altered level of consciousness (38.6%), nausea (28%), vomiting (27.3%), abdominal pain (24.2%), diarrhea (16.7%), bone and muscle pain (15.9%), tachycardia (12.9%), and dilated pupils (11.4%). Being the most prominent symptom, the agitation was the most difficult aspect of withdrawal to manage. Except for agitation, no relationship was found between the presence of these symptoms and the dose of naltrexone used. Outcome of the patients (classified as complete recovery, partial recovery, death, and no follow-up) was related to the substance of addiction ( p < 0.05) but not to the naltrexone dose. Conclusion: Emergency physicians should be aware of the potential for severe agitation from naltrexone-precipitated hyperacute withdrawal and its appropriate management. Opioid-dependent patients who wish to continue withdrawal and abstinence must be encouraged to visit trained physicians and be warned about misuse of naltrexone.
Digital echoes of ancient gardens : exploring Persianate pigeon towers’ role in agriculture and heritage through three-dimensional modeling

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This thesis delves into the significance of pigeon towers within Persianate gardens and agriculture, with a particular focus on the Mardavij pigeon tower in Hezār Jarib garden, Isfahan. It addresses gaps in English-language scholarship and the underutilization of digital methodologies, underscoring the towers' roles in boosting agricultural productivity through pigeon manure and reflecting socio-political power. Employing digital arts and humanities methods, including three-dimensional modeling, alongside traditional architectural and historical analyses, the study offers a detailed examination of these structures. The findings illustrate the crucial role pigeon towers played in promoting sustainable agriculture in Persianate societies by providing valuable fertilizer, thereby linking architectural innovation with environmental stewardship. Additionally, the towers were contextualized within broader socio-political and economic frameworks, indicating their role in symbolizing and facilitating power dynamics, wealth, and social hierarchy. The research on the Mardavij pigeon tower, which incorporates digital reconstruction and historical textual analysis, unveils the tower's complex design that merges functionality with aesthetic and cultural values, enhancing the garden's utility and its representational significance. This approach not only enriches understanding of Persianate garden architecture but also advocates for the conservation of such heritage sites, stressing their relevance to contemporary discussions on sustainability and environmental guardianship. Key insights emphasize the value of integrating traditional knowledge systems into present-day sustainability practices. Advocating for the preservation of Persianate gardens and pigeon towers as sources of ecological insight, the study highlights the potential of ancient agricultural techniques to inform sustainable practices today. This thesis bridges historical knowledge with modern environmental and architectural practices, offering insights into the sustainable integration of built and natural environments. Future research might further explore pigeon tower contexts and the broader implications for Persianate gardens, utilizing digital tools for enhanced architectural and environmental analysis.
SH1352623.08FU

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.
Self-assembly of class II hydrophobins on highly polar surfaces

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Hydrophobins, adhesive proteins produced by filamentous fungi, have been described as the most surface active proteins known and show extraordinary properties regarding formation of surfaces. Hydrophobins have roles in the growth and development of the fungi including function in adhesion to surfaces, reducing surface tension for aerial growth and spore hydrophobicity and to aid spreading of aerial spores. Observations of filamentous fungi show that the structures formed by their mycelia can be very hydrophobic. Furthermore, airborne spores (conidia) covered with a surface layer of hydrophobin has been shown to mask the recognition of the conidia by the human immune system and hence prevents immune response. The knowledge of how hydrophobins aid in producing these fascinating properties is far from complete. This study aims to explain this by examining the abilities of the class II hydrophobins HFBI, HFBII and HFBIII to bind to submerged polar surfaces making them more hydrophobic, replicating the role hydrophobins have when forming hydrophobic surface coatings by self assembly on fungal spores and mycelia of filamentous fungi. It is shown here that binding onto submerged polar surfaces occurs by self assembly under specific conditions and that the binding can result in a significant increase in water contact angle of the surface, hence making it more hydrophobic.
Palladium Extraction Using Emulsion Liquid Membrane Process – Stability Study

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Palladium is a rare precious metal with unique physical properties that are used in diverse industrial applications and in jewellery. Due to its economic value and its limited natural resources, palladium recovery from secondary resources has assumed a great significance. Therefore, this study investigated the possibility of using Emulsion Liquid Membrane (ELM) process for the extraction of palladium from simulated wastewater. The experiment was conducted using a mixer-settler in a batch system using 0.1 M Cyanex 302 in kerosene as a new carrier for palladium and 1.0 M Thiourea in 1.0 M H 2 SO 4 as a stripping agent. The effect towards membrane stability of different parameter such as surfactant concentration, emulsifying time and agitation speed has been attempted. The results show that at favourable condition of 2% w/v of span 80, 3 minutes emulsifying time, and 200 rpm agitation speed, 94% of palladium was extracted. Hence, ELM is proven to be a very promising technique for the extraction of palladium from wastewater.
Factor Decomposed Generative Adversarial Networks for Text-to-Image Synthesis

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Prior works about text-to-image synthesis typically concatenated the sentence embedding with the noise vector, while the sentence embedding and the noise vector are two different factors, which control the different aspects of the generation. Simply concatenating them will entangle the latent factors and encumber the generative model. In this paper, we attempt to decompose these two factors and propose Factor Decomposed Generative Adversarial Networks~(FDGAN). To achieve this, we firstly generate images from the noise vector and then apply the sentence embedding in the normalization layer for both generator and discriminators. We also design an additive norm layer to align and fuse the text-image features. The experimental results show that decomposing the noise and the sentence embedding can disentangle latent factors in text-to-image synthesis, and make the generative model more efficient. Compared with the baseline, FDGAN can achieve better performance, while fewer parameters are used.
Curative effect of endoscopic thyroidectomy via axillary-breast approach in 47 cases

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To explore the operative methods,techniques and cosmetic results of endoscopic thyroidectomy via axillary-breast approach. Methods Endoscopic thyroidectomy was performed via axillary-breast approach in 47 patients with thyroid mass.The subcutaneous space in the breast area were bluntly dissected,and CO2was insufflated at 6-8 mmHg to create the operative space.The dissection of the thyroid and division of the thyroid vessels and parenchyma were performed endoscopically by using an ultrasonically activated scalpel. The recurrent laryngeal nerve,the superior laryngeal nerve,and the parathyroid glands were preserved properly during the operation. Results The surgery was successfully accomplished in all the 47 cases. The operation time ranged 72-130 min. The intraoperative blood loss ranged 5-56 ml. There was no conversion to open surgery. No chest wall hematoma occurred. Transient hoarseness was developed in 2 cases and transient hypocalcemia in 3 cases. They were recovered within 1 month. The average time of drainage was 2. 2 days after operation. The average postoperative hospital stay was 5. 3 days. The patients were followed up for 3-16 months. No recurrence was observed during the follow-up period. The wounds were healed well in all the patients. The colors of cervical skin and chest skin had no obvious change,and the scars in the axillary and bilateral areola incisions were inconspicuous. All patients were satisfied with the cosmetic results. Conclusion Endoscopic thyroidectomy via axillary-breast approach is a safe and feasible procedure with satisfactory cosmetic results.
Application of Bio-Oss in tissue regenerative treatment prior to implant installation: literature review

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Objetivo: Bio-Oss is a xenogene bone graft in which all organic components are removed while retaining their natural mineral architecture. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate, through a literature review, the benefits of using Bio-Oss for tissue regenerative treatment prior to implant placement. Material and Methods: a search was performed in Pubmed (Medline) in order to identify articles published in English between January 1, 2000 and June 31, 2018, where the Bio-Oss graft was used prior to implantation of implants in humans. A total of 40 studies were selected for detailed analysis. From this analysis, 18 articles were identified for inclusion in this review. Results: the articles analyzed in the review showed several beneficial effects of this xenograft, such as: positive osteoconductive properties, recovery of bone heights at sites with severe atrophies, slow xenograft reabsorption suggesting long term stability, survival rates and success of implants placed in grafted sites ranging from 91 to 100% in several studies. Conclusion: the use of bio-oss as a bone substitute is a viable alternative in the placement before dental implants, being used in clinical practice and with proved efficacy in several studies, due to its similarity with the bone and its high level of osteoconductivity.KeywordsBio-Oss; Bone Graft; Implants.
Population aging from 1950 to 2010 in seventeen transitional countries in the wider region of South Eastern Europe

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Aim: Population aging has profoundly reshaped demographic landscapes in all South Eastern European (SEE) countries. The aim of this study was to provide a thorough comparative inter-country assessment on the speed of population aging in the entire SEE region for the period 1950-2010. Methods: Descriptive observational analysis of long-term trends on core primary and composite indicators of population aging across seventeen countries of the wider SEE region, with panel data sets at a national level. Results: During the past six decades, the entire SEE region has experienced a rapid increase in the median age (from 25.2 years in 1950 to 37.9 years in 2010), with a simultaneous fall of fertility rates for two children per woman (from 3.55 children per each childbearing woman in 1950 to 1.49 in 2010), coupled with significant rise in the population of elderly citizens. The speed of population aging has vastly accelerated (with a 2.5 fold increase) over the past three decades. The percentage of individuals over 65 years has doubled from 7% in 1950 to 14% in 2010. Conclusion: Complex national strategies are needed to cope with the shrinking labour force coupled with the growing proportion of the older population. With all likelihood, population aging will further accelerate in the near future. This profound long-term demographic transition will threaten financial sustainability of current health systems in all SEE countries.
Analysis and Design of a Next-Generation Wearable Antenna

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The wearable planar antenna is currently in great demand in the medical sector, and its advantages motivate researchers to investigate this field. These antennas, WBANs, have enhanced the usage of implant technologies as well. A body-implanted device and a remote monitoring unit are useful in medical applications such as monitoring, deep brain simulations, and endoscopy. Because they are beneficial for monitoring, body implants are the subject of a lot of research nowadays. Wearable antennas can be placed on the skin or inserted into the body to establish a biocommunication system between the body and a biotelemetry device. Systems for remote monitoring help detect diseases more quickly and assist the at-home hospital by reducing hospital stays. A wearable antenna is increasingly made of flexible materials. We focus on a number of wearable antenna designs for medical purposes and also present a case study of the presented work.
Occurrence Download

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A dataset containing 638 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query: { "TaxonKey" : [ "is Primula sonchifolia Franch." ] } The dataset includes 638 records from 33 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0087153-240321170329656/datasets/export for details. Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
Quinoline-6-Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: A New Class of Potent Ectonucleotidase Inhibitors

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract

Ectonucleotidases, including h-NTPDases, h-ENPP, and h-e5′NT, play a crucial role in regulating extracellular nucleotide levels by converting ATP into immunosuppressive adenosine, thereby facilitating tumor immune evasion. Inhibiting these enzymes can restore antitumor immunity by preventing adenosine accumulation within the tumor microenvironment. Herein, we report the design and synthesis of quinoline-6-carboxylic acid derivatives (4a–4l), a biologically relevant scaffold, and evaluate their potential to inhibit recombinant h-ENPP1, h-e5′NT, and h-NTPDases. This study led to the identification of new and effective inhibitors, such as compound 4d, which showed good inhibition against h-NTPDase1 and -2, as reflected by IC50 value of 0.28±0.03 µM against h-NTPDase1 and 0.92±0.17 µM against h-NTPDase2. Similarly, compound 4g inhibited h-NTPDase3 with an IC50 value of 0.32±0.05 µM, and compound 4b inhibited h-NTPDase8 with an IC50 value of 0.44±0.08 µM. Additionally, compound 4k demonstrated good inhibition against h-ENPP1 as reflected by IC50 value 0.11±0.02 µM. Finally, compound 4a inhibited e5’NT enzyme with an IC50 value of 0.092±0.02 µM. Molecular docking studies were performed to complement the in vitro analysis, revealing that the tested compounds show favorable interaction with the amino acid of the target enzymes h-NTPDase1, -2, -3, and -8, h-NPP1, and h-e5′NT enzymes. These interactions involve residues such as Asp201, Asp213, Asp218, Asp326, Ala412, Tyr340, Tyr371, Thr90, Trp408, Trp450, Cys502, Gly178, Phe360, Phe257, Arg392, Ala347, Leu202, Leu290, His50, His360, His380, Ser49, Ser100, Gln148, Glu266, Lys50, Lys295, Gln523, Pro323, and Ile90. Density Functional Theory (DFT) analysis revealed that compound 4f exhibits the lowest energy gap, which correlates well with its strong ectonucleotidase inhibitory activity against NPP1 and NTPDase3. Finally, fluorescence microscopy was conducted to investigate the interaction of the compound 4d with plasma membrane in A549 lung cancer cells. Fluorescence imaging of compound 4d exhibited strong cellular emission, confirming its effective interaction with membrane-bound enzymes in these cancer cells. MTT and apoptosis studies also revealed compound 4i, 4j, and 4k to be potentially cytotoxic in the cancer cells, endorsing the potential of these quinoline derivatives to be used for drug development for cancer management.
Pharmacokinetics of [18F]fleroxacin in patients with acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis and complicated urinary tract infection studied by positron emission tomography

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The pharmacokinetics of fleroxacin, a new broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone, were measured by positron emission tomography (PET) with [18F]fleroxacin in five patients with acute bacterial exacerbations of chronic bronchitis and in five patients with symptomatic, complicated urinary tract infection. Two studies were performed with each patient, one within 24 h of the initiation and one within 24 h of the completion of a 7-day course of fleroxacin, 400 mg/day. For each study, the patient received an infusion of that day's therapeutic dose of fleroxacin (400 mg) supplemented with approximately 740 MBq of [18F]fleroxacin, and serial PET images and blood samples were collected for 6 to 8 h starting at the initiation of the infusion. Between studies, the drug was administered orally. In all infected tissues, there was rapid accumulation of radiolabeled drug, with stable levels achieved within 1 h after completion of the infusion. In kidneys, accumulation was greater in the presence of active infection (P < 0.01), while in lungs, accumulation was lower (P < 0.02). Infection of the lung or urinary tract had no effect on drug delivery to uninvolved tissues. Also, there was no difference between the results obtained at the beginning and the end of therapy. Overall, peak concentrations of drug many times the MIC at which 90% of the infecting organisms are inhibited (MIC90) were achieved in the kidneys (> 30 micrograms/g), prostate glands (> 11 micrograms/g), and lungs (> 14 micrograms/g). Plateau concentrations (2 to 8 h; given as mean micrograms per gram +/- standard error of the mean) of drug in kidneys (15.11 +/- 0.55), prostate glands (5.08 +/- 0.19), and lungs (5.75 +/- 0.22) were also well above the MIC90 for most relevant pathogens. All patients had a good therapeutic response to fleroxacin.