jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
PL/I compilation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

With the recent increase in microprocessor use today, there is an ever increasing need for high-level languages for microprocessors. Instead of developing a cross compiler to produce suitable object code, a resident compiler should be developed.In order to increase the speed of the compilation, several microprocessors shall be used to perform the task. The compiler itself will not be an optimizing version and will be modularized so that it may be implemented on different size networks with changes only in the executive program.The microprocessor network will be constructed so that it may be used for other functions, not only to compile high level languages. The network implementation should be price-attractive, that is, the cost of implementing the network is competitive with the price of microprocessor compilers currently available on the market today.Although this paper is concentrating on an alternative to non-resident compilers for microprocessors, it is also to introduce another method for processor interconnection in multiprocessor networks and arrays.
Human caravans of Mesoamerica

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Mesoamerica – the cultural nucleus encompassing Mexico, Guatemala, Belize, and El Salvador – was the only place to develop state-level societies without the use of domesticated animals as beasts of burden. Unlike other ancient hubs of civilizations in the Old and New Worlds, there were no native animals in Mesoamerica suitable for domestication. Nevertheless, the complex societies that developed there did so while establishing and maintaining long-term access to distant goods that were core to the development of stratified societies and dense populations, and emblematic of belief systems and craft traditions. Mesoamerican cultures, specifically the Olmecs, Maya, and Aztecs, relied upon the transport of goods by watercraft along the Pacific and Gulf of Mexico coasts and via interior waterways, and overland via caravans of human porters.
Understanding how Izzat impacts the lived experience of Young Muslim Pakistan Women in the UK: A Phenomenological Approach

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Literature has documented how cultural practices, (in particular izzat), impact the day-to-day lived experiences of South Asian women. It is evident that such beliefs and value-systems can affect the psychological well-being and experiences of distress of these individuals. This study intended to explore how six young second generation Pakistani Muslim women understand izzat, what role if any, it has in their lives and whether there is an interplay between upholding the cultural codes and the participants' help-seeking strategies for psychological distress. A qualitative research method was adopted whereby semi-structured interviews were conducted and transcribed. The data was collected and analysed through the use of an Interpretative Phenomenological Analytic framework. Analysis of the interview transcripts identified three main themes: - 1) Upholding the Rules of Izzat, 2) Speaking Out/Getting Help and 3) Negotiating Tensions. In conclusion, the study findings highlighted the various ways in which izzat was interpreted by the participants and the implications these cultural codes have for strategies in managing or the silencing of psychological distress. Interviews with the study participants also illustrate the dilemmas and tensions that the participants experience when considering codes of izzat (personal and familial) and how these are negotiated to enable young Pakistani women to self-manage or seek help when experiencing psychological distress. The analysis also highlights possible life experiences that might lead to self-harm and attempted suicide in young Pakistani Muslim women. It was noted that cultural practices of izzat appear to vary over time 8 as individuals are exposed to alternative cultural practices or coping strategies, yet can also be mediated by and individual’s country of birth or residence. The findings were found to support and advance existing research, which suggests that codes of izzat mediate the resources and help-seeking strategies Pakistani Muslim women utilise to maintain and manage their psychological well-being. Suggestions for further research and implications for practice are discussed.
Aquaculture of Pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) and a Comparison of its Quality: Microbiological, Sensory, and Proximate Composition

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

(Piaractus mesopotamicus) initially weighing 72.0 g were fed three diets - a) 0.5% vegetable (zucchini), b) commercial 32% (P32) and c) commercial 36% (P36) protein diets for 24 weeks and their growth performance compared. Processing yields and proximate composition were determined following dressing of pacu. The microbiological quality of pond cultured pacu was compared to aquacultured hybrid striped bass, tilapia, and rainbow trout grown in pond and recirculating aquaculture systems. Sensorial analyses for differences in flavor, preference, and color were also determined. Protein concentration significantly influenced the weights, lengths, specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio, and protein efficiency ratio (p < 0.05). Diet insignificantly influenced the processing yields (p > 0.05). The moisture, protein and total lipid contents were significantly affected (p < 0.05) by the dietary protein. The indicative bacterial quality differed significantly for pacu as well as the water used for culturing pacu (p < 0.05) among dietary treatments. Aquaculture production systems significantly influenced the indicative and pathogenic bacterial quality. Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella spp., Yersinia enterocolitica, and Escherichia coli O157:H7 were not isolated from any of the sampled fish. The qualitative and quantitative results of Clostridium botulinum were influenced by the production system (p < 0.05). Flavor of pacu was comparable to that of hybrid striped bass, tilapia, and rainbow trout, but superior to catfish. Cooking significantly improved the color of the ground fish fillets.
Health literacy: New developments and research

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

AbstractA substantial body of literature in public health and medical journals indicates that illness and premature death may be the result of a mismatch between the demands of health information and care systems and the literacy skills of vulnerable population groups. This paper offers an overview of published research to highlight new developments in the field of health literacy — an area of inquiry focused on the links between health outcomes and literacy skills. This overview focuses on literacy-related issues in the clinical encounter. Of particular importance to the clinical encounter are three literacy skills not fully examined in earlier publications: speaking, listening and calculating. The discussion highlights new areas of study such as examinations of the oral exchange, numeracy challenges and the literacy environment of health settings that are garnering interest among researchers and practitioners. The review includes attention to lessons learned gleaned from a variety of studies, mostly focused on chronic disease management, which are yielding best practice guidelines.Keywords: HEALTH COMMUNICATIONHEALTH LITERACYNUMERACYDOCTOR–PATIENT COMMUNICATION
Effect of Irrigation and Nitrogen on Yield and Quality of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A field experiment was conducted on fine loamy, mixed, hyperthermic Udic Haplustalf in the Regional Research Station, Chiplima, Orissa, so as to evaluate the effect of irrigation and nitrogen on sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) for three consecutive summer seasons from 1992 to 1994. The treatment plan included four irrigation frequencies at 0.6, 0.8, 1.0 and 1.2 IW/CPE in the main plots and four nitrogen doses at 0, 30, 60 and 90 kg N ha−1 in the subplots. The result indicated that application of nitrogen at the rate of 60 kg ha−1 and of irrigation at IW/CPE of 1.0 had significantly increased the seed yield (1391.7 kg ha−1) and Nuptake (37.6 kg ha−1) in seeds of sunflower. The nitrogen use efficiency of the crop was also significantly increased (11.9 kg seed/kg N) by applying irrigation @ IW/CPE of 1.0 and nitrogen fertilizer @ 30 kg N/ha.
Comparison of intra-arterial digital subtraction angiography, magnetic resonance angiography and duplex ultrasonography for measuring carotid artery stenosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Duplex ultrasonography and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) are becoming competitive alternatives to angiography for determining the degree of internal carotid artery (ICA) stenosis. Varying reports have been published regarding the suitability of each technique for grading ICA disease. This retrospective study compared the merits of these three modalities for measuring ICA stenosis. Methods One hundred and eleven patients being considered for carotid endarterectomy underwent intra-arterial digital subtraction angiography (DSA) via arch injection. Duplex imaging was performed in all patients and MRA in 50. The degree of carotid stenosis estimated by the three modalities was compared. Results There was good correlation between subjectively graded MRA and DSA images (r = 0·87, P &lt; 0·001, n = 82 carotids) but poor correlation for objective estimates. MRA tended to underestimate the degree of stenosis (bias – 4·5 per cent) compared with DSA, but showed good correlation with duplex ultrasonography estimates (r = 0·86, P &lt; 0·001, n = 87 carotids). Both non-invasive modalities produced high values of sensitivity and specificity in estimating stenoses of greater than 70 per cent. MRA was less sensitive for distinguishing between severe stenosis and complete occlusion. Conclusion This study did not resolve the debate regarding the method of choice as both MRA and duplex ultrasonography were accurate for imaging carotid stenoses.
Liberatory Pedagogy in Action

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

To analyze the marginal status of community college faculty represented in television and film, the first half of the chapter contrasts stereotypical disembodied representations of university professors with the embodied portrayals of community college faculty. In the second half of the chapter, I argue that community college instructors' embodied performance in television and film adheres to bell hooks's description of liberatory pedagogy, a pedagogy dedicated to close interaction with students in an attempt to cross borders and open lines of communication in a diverse classroom setting. While most embodied portrayals take place within the context of comedies, instructors reveal personal and professional sides of their characters while shedding their authoritative omnipotent image. The decentering of authority sets the stage for comedy as viewers see instructors' faults, struggles, and strengths through their close interactions with students.
Integrated Drilling Services on a Dynamically Positioned Drillship

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract A Dynamically Positioned Drillship was chartered by a Major International Operator to conduct a deep water, multi-well / multi country programme. The Integrated Services approach was applied, with the Drilling Contractor responsible for the management of drilling operations and the sub-contracting and managing of up to 21 different services. This paper summarises the execution of this project, and the effectiveness of the Integrated Services (IS) approach on a Drillship drilling remote exploration wells.
The Role of Calcaneofibular Ligament Injury in Ankle Instability: Implications for Surgical Management

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Acute inversion ankle sprains are among the most common musculoskeletal injuries. Higher grade sprains, including anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) and calcaneofibular ligament (CFL) injury, can be particularly challenging. The precise effect of CFL injury on ankle instability is unclear. Hypothesis: CFL injury will result in decreased stiffness, decreased peak torque, and increased talar and calcaneal motion and will alter ankle contact mechanics when compared with the uninjured ankle and the ATFL-only injured ankle in a cadaveric model. Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Methods: Ten matched pairs of cadaver specimens with a pressure sensor in the ankle joint and motion trackers on the fibula, talus, and calcaneus were mounted on a material testing system with 20° of ankle plantarflexion and 15° of internal rotation. Intact specimens were axially loaded to body weight and then underwent inversion along the anatomic axis of the ankle from 0° to 20°. The ATFL and CFL were sequentially sectioned and underwent inversion testing for each condition. Linear mixed models were used to determine significance for stiffness, peak torque, peak pressure, contact area, and inversion angles of the talus and calcaneus relative to the fibula across the 3 conditions. Results: Stiffness and peak torque did not significantly decrease after sectioning of the ATFL but decreased significantly after sectioning of the CFL. Peak pressures in the tibiotalar joint decreased and mean contact area increased significantly after CFL release. Significantly more inversion of the talus and calcaneus as well as calcaneal medial displacement was seen with weightbearing inversion after sectioning of the CFL. Conclusion: The CFL contributes considerably to lateral ankle instability. Higher grade sprains that include CFL injury result in significant decreases in rotation stiffness and peak torque, substantial alteration of contact mechanics at the ankle joint, increased inversion of the talus and calcaneus, and increased medial displacement of the calcaneus. Clinical Relevance: Repair of an injured CFL should be considered during lateral ligament reconstruction, and there may be a role for early repair in high-grade injuries to avoid intermediate and long-term consequences of a loose or incompetent CFL.
Flight deck surface trajectory-based operations (STBO): A four-dimensional trajectory (4DT) simulation

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In four-dimensional trajectory (4DT) Surface Trajectory-Based Operations (STBO), aircraft are assigned a conflict-free 4DT which defines an expected location (x,y coordinates) at all times, t, along the taxi route (with altitude, being fixed). These 4DTs afford the highest temporal certainty at all points along the taxi route, and at the departure runway. In the present study, a 4DT flight deck display was presented on the Airport Moving Map (AMM) to support pilot conformance to a 4DT clearance while taxiing under manual control. This pilot-in-the-loop simulation compared the effect of 4DT flight deck display formats on distance from the expected 4DT location, conformance to the displayed tolerance band, eyes-out time, and pilot ratings of safety and workload. In the defined-tolerance display format, a graphical representation of the expected 4DT location, with a distance-based allowable-tolerance band, was depicted on the AMM. Two defined-tolerance band sizes were tested: plus or minus 164 feet and plus or minus 405 feet. In the undefined-tolerance display format, the expected 4DT location was displayed graphically on the AMM, with no indicated allowable-tolerance bounds. Each taxi trial included 4DT speed changes (two or five, per trial) and a range of 4DT taxi speeds. Results showed that the larger (plus or minus 405 feet) defined-tolerance band yielded higher conformance levels than the smaller (plus or minus 164 feet) band, with pilots staying within the specified and displayed conformance bounds more in the larger (99.71%) than the smaller defined-tolerance band (93.37 percent). However, in terms of being able to predict the location of the aircraft compared to the expected 4DT location, the smaller defined-tolerance band resulted in pilots keeping their aircraft closer to the 4DT location, for both average distance and for a given confidence interval (e.g., 95 percent), than either the larger defined-tolerance band or the undefined-tolerance display format. The larger tolerance band yielded more eyes-out-the-window time than the smaller tolerance band. Pilots also rated taxing with the larger tolerance band as safer than the smaller tolerance band.
The leaf numbers and root diameter of Pule Pandak (Raufolvia serpentina Benth.) influence the root-dry weight and reserpine content

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Reserpine is the most important alkaloid content in Rauvolfia serpentina Benth’s. (Pule Pandak) root. To figure out the relationship of Pule Pandak morphological character with the reserpine contents, an observation based analysis was done. The environment, fertilizing treatment, and fenotipe observation data were collected and analyzed. In Pule Pandak cultivated at 600 m – 450 m above sea level under the teaks (Tectona grandis) or sengon (Paraserianthes falcattaria), in latosol soil and fertilizer doses at 20 t/ha – 30 t/ha, we found that the leaf numbers and root diameter would followed by the root’s dry weight and the increase of root diameter will be followed by the increase of its reserpine content.
Key words: Raufolvia serpentine, Pule Pandak, Reserpine, Root
Memory for committing a crime: Effects of arousal, proximity, and gender

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract Few researchers have investigated the memories of active participants in an emotionally arousing crime. The present study used a mock crime paradigm to explore participant memories for a low, moderate, or highly arousing event. Forty-seven undergraduate participants committed a "theft" of an exam from a professor’s office. Two weeks after the theft, participants completed a cognitive interview, recalled objects from the professor’s office, and constructed a map of the route to and from the crime room. Arousal improved reports on a map recall task but no other recall indices. Although there was a general superiority of recall of proximal over distal details, arousal only infrequently interacted with proximity. Some support was found for proximity (spatial–temporal distinction) as a useful proxy for centrality. Future work will benefit from an examination of the overlap between definitions of centrality and proximity with more traditional stimuli.
The Making of an Aura

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In his famous 1935 essay “The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction,” Walter Benjamin defines the concept of what he calls an “aura of the work of art” as “that which withers in the age of mechanical reproduction.” Mechanical reproduction strips the work of art of its aura because it “substitutes a plurality of copies for a unique existence.” The aura, Benjamin argues, is inevitably connected to the ritualistic, religious aspect of the work of art:
Simulation and study of energy performance of membrane based dedicated outdoor air system (DOAS) in air-conditioning systems for hot and humid climate

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Presently, heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) accounts for roughly 50% of the total energy consumption in buildings such as offices and hotels (Pérez-Lombard, Ortiz et al. 2008) With the current emphasis on environmental awareness, several methods have been developed in an effort to reduce the energy consumed by the HVAC system. Besides saving energy, there is also a need for better Indoor Air Quality (IAQ), through controlling the level of humidity within the space, so as to prevent excess moisture buildup, which may create favourable conditions for bacteria and microbes to breed in. To tackle these issues, the concept of a Dedicated Outdoor Air System (DOAS) has been suggested by Mumma (Mumma 2001), . A previous study conducted by Teo (Teo 2013)assessed the feasibility of integrating DOAS with the current AHU systems in NTU’s lecture theatres, which has been found to save costs, but unsuitable for practical applications, due to the high flow rate of outdoor air required for the lecture theatres. Multiple DOAS units would be required, which would occupy a large floor area within a building space. This would result in increased ductings, as well as increased complexity in connecting the DOAS units together to provide a steady flow. Thus, the author aims investigate the feasibility of the DOAS when integrated with existing AHU system in NTU’s N3-2 offices. Software such as TRNSYS and Carrier’s Hourly Analysis Program will be used to simulate the DOAS. It was found that in addition to cost savings, lesser DOAS units were required, due to a lower rate of outdoor air flow required, contributing to space savings as well
Output Characteristics Investigation of Submersible Wake-excited Piezoelectric Energy Harvester

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

摘要: 为解决水下传感器的自供能问题,提出一种潜水式尾流激振压电俘能器。通过推导的俘能器流-固-电耦合场数学模型,结合有限元仿真模型,获得俘能器的流激力。仿真与试验数据具有良好的一致性,验证数学模型和仿真的正确性。对于振动柱直径为15 mm的俘能器,增加固定柱直径可有效提高其输出性能。当两柱中心距为20 mm时,PEH_05_15俘能器输出最大电压为23.36 V,是PEH_00_15俘能器最大输出电压的1.51倍。PEH_05_20俘能器在中心距为15 mm时输出最大电压为41.85 V,同比无固定柱俘能器的输出电压提升了1.21倍。
New Proof for Astrocytes Having L-type Calcium Channels

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The laser scanning confocal microscope and fluorescence\nspectrophotometer were used to investigate the effects of the L-type\ncalcium channel agonist\n1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-[2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]\npyridine-3- carboxylic acid [(±)-Bay k8644] and antagonist\nnimodipine on intra-cellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i ) of\ncultured mouse astrocyetes. The results showed that Bay K8644 can\nsignificantly increase the [Ca2+]i in cultured astrocytes at doses of\n0.0001, 0.001 and 0.01 mmol/L, whereas nimodipine can decrease the\n[Ca2+]i at doses of 0.001, 0.01 and 0.1 mmol/L. Nimodipine can also\ndecrease the elevation of [Ca2+]i elicited by KCl. Our results suggest\nthat the effects of L-type calcium channel agonist and antagonist on\nastrocyes are the same as those on neurons, it indicates that\nastrocytes also have L-type calcium channels.
Organo-sulfur mechanisms. III. Oxathiiranes. Differential orbital correlation effects in the electrocyclic formation of sulfur-containing three-membered rings

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOrgano-sulfur mechanisms. III. Oxathiiranes. Differential orbital correlation effects in the electrocyclic formation of sulfur-containing three-membered ringsJames P. SnyderCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1974, 96, 15, 5005–5007Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00822a059https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00822a059research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views103Altmetric-Citations39LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts