jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The effectiveness of IoT and machine learning in Precision Agriculture

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Applying the IoT paradigm in agriculture generates an unprecedented amount of data about fields and crops worldwide. With data, machine learning is natural to forecast or estimate crop parameters, which is remarkable for the estimation of evapotranspiration and soil moisture to propose irrigation plans and control, among other applications. This work investigates the literature to evaluate what kind of IoT devices and machine learning algorithms are being applied in precision agriculture and discusses the effectiveness of such equipment and algorithms on different spatial scales. The results indicate IoT devices are commonly applied in small crop areas or greenhouses and for short periods of time, usually less than one growing season. Machine learning models are also applied in similar scenarios, and the effectiveness of such techniques is discussed according to growers' needs and ambitions.
Isocoumanrins. Part II. Synthesis of some 3-Phenylisocoumarins

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Friedel-Crafts acylation of benzene, toluene, phenol, anisole, and phenetole with 4-methoxyhomophthalic anhydride in presence of anhydrous AICI3, and anhydrous SnCI4 has been investigated. The reactions lead to the synthesis of some number of 7- rnethoxy-3-phenylisocoumarins.
The Volume of Liquid Hg–Tl and Hg–Cs Alloys

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The molar volume and the thermal expansion coefficient of liquid Hg–Tl and Hg–Cs alloys were measured by a picnometer method. The molar volume of liquid Hg–Tl alloys varies almost linearly with concentration, and that of liquid Hg–Cs alloys shows large negative deviations from the linear variation. The thermal expansion coefficient of liquid Hg–Cs alloys shows a slight hump in the dilute Cs concentration range. The concentration dependence of the molar volume of these liquid alloys calculated by a simple pseudopotential approach are qualitatively in good agreement with experiment.
Machining Performance of Inconel 718 Using High Current Density Electrical Discharge Milling

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This article proposes a high current density electrical discharge milling for machining Inconel 718. The proposed power supply comprises a pulse generator with high voltage and a DC power source with high current. The pip graphite electrode and the workpiece are connected to the negative and positive poles of the power supply, respectively. Benefiting from efficient flushing and high current density, the maximum material removal rate (MRR) achieved 15,062 mm3/min with a relative electrode wear ratio (REWR) of 1.73%. The effects of peak current and injection flushing pressure on the MRR and REWR were investigated. Experiments showed little differences between the thickness of recast layer with the peak currents of 150 A and 920 A, and the thickness was less than 50 µm. It is also evident that the microcracks within the recast layer penetrated into the base material and propagated along the grain boundar.
OSS Effort Estimation Using Software Features Similarity and Developer Activity-Based Metrics

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Software development effort estimation (SDEE) generally involves leveraging the information about the effort spent in developing similar software in the past. Most organizations do not have access to sufficient and reliable forms of such data from past projects. As such, the existing SDEE methods suffer from low usage and accuracy. We propose an efficient SDEE method for open source software, which provides accurate and fast effort estimates. The significant contributions of our article are (i) novel SDEE software metrics derived from developer activity information of various software repositories, (ii) an SDEE dataset comprising the SDEE metrics’ values derived from approximately 13,000 GitHub repositories from 150 different software categories, and (iii) an effort estimation tool based on SDEE metrics and a software description similarity model . Our software description similarity model is basically a machine learning model trained using the PVA on the software product descriptions of GitHub repositories. Given the software description of a newly envisioned software, our tool yields an effort estimate for developing it. Our method achieves the highest standardized accuracy score of 87.26% (with Cliff’s δ = 0.88 at 99.999% confidence level) and 42.7% with the automatically transformed linear baseline model. Our software artifacts are available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5095723.
Jewish Identity and the Female Storyteller in Clara Sereni's <em>Il gioco dei regni</em>

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Anchoring Clara Sereni’s autobiographical novel Il gioco dei regni (The game of kingdoms, 1993) in affidamento , the concept of interdependency and mutual reliance that informed the identity politics of Italian feminists in the 1980s, this paper focuses on the depiction of Sereni’s aunt by marriage, Ada Sereni, in the novel. As Clara develops the bond between her narrated self and Ada in the spirit of affidamento , she infuses our knowledge of the historical Ada with her unique portrayal as a woman who inspires healing and inclusivity across generations. Clara’s bond with Ada allows her to establish for herself a place within the female genealogy of the Sereni family and emerge as an agent of memory for the Serenis and as a Jewish woman who is non-religious and assimilated by destiny and choice. Offering her own adaptations of a hasidic tale and midrashic legends in the opening and closing segments of the novel, Sereni claims for her female voice a place within a line of master Jewish storytellers, a position that assumes the desire and ability to impact the cultures of the multiple communities to which she belongs. The boundaries of these communities are further expanded in Sereni’s preface to the Hebrew translation of her novel ( Misḥak hamamlakhot , 1995), where she lays a similar claim for a place within the Israeli lore of the Sereni family.
Abstract 10300: The Effects of the Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptor Type 2 Mutation on the Right Ventricle in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: The effects of a mutation in the bone morphogenetic protein receptor 2 gene (BMPR2) gene on right ventricular (RV)adaptation are currently unknown. Therefore, we investigated RV function in PAH patients with and without BMPR2 mutation by combining in vivo measurements with molecular and histological analysis of human RV and left ventricular (LV) tissue. Methods: 97 idiopathic or familial PH patients were genetically screened for the presence of a BMPR2 mutation. 28 patients carried a BMPR2 muation, 69 did not. In vivo measurements were assessed using right heart catheterization (RHC)and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging.To investigate the role of TGF-β and BMPRII signaling, human RV and LV tissue were studied in controls (n=6), mutation carriers (n=5) and non-carriers (n=11). Results: Despite a similar mean pulmonary artery pressure (noncarriers 54±15 vs. mutation carriers 55±9 mmHg)and pulmonary vascular resistance (755 (483-1043) vs. 931 (624-1311) dynes*s/cm 5 ), mutation carriers presented with a more severely compromised RV function (RV ejection fraction: 37.6±12.8 vs. 29.0±9 %: p<0.05, cardiac index 2.7±0.9 vs. 2.2±0.4 l/min/m 2 ). Differences continued to exist after treatment. TGF-β and BMPRII signaling, as well as hypertrophy, fibrosis, capillary density and inflammation were similar between mutation carriers and non-carriers. Conclusions: Despite a similar afterload, RV function is severely more affected in BMPR2 mutation carriers compared to non-carriers. However, these differences cannot be explained by a different TGF-B, BMPR2 signaling or cardiac adaptation.
Digitization of the health sector in Pakistan: challenges and opportunities to online health communication: A case study of MARHAM social and mobile media

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objective Social and mobile media are playing a significant role in the digitization of health sectors globally. New technology provides an opportunity for stakeholders (i.e., patients and healthcare professionals) to engage with each other in virtual environments to discuss health-related issues. This study examines the role of social and mobile media in digitizing the health sector in Pakistan through MARHAM, the platform which is the subject of this case study. Method A thematic content analysis of MARHAM’s social media (Facebook group, Facebook page, and Twitter account) and mobile media application (“app” and website) were chosen for sampling. Some 6083 group posts, 1724 tweets and 1123 Facebook posts populated our sample. Results Analysis results indicate that MARHAM’s Facebook group most often fields patient inquiries. The most discussed health issues were: women’s health issues (43.23%), children’s diseases (16.63%), psychological issues (15.45%), dental issues (9.50%), skin problems (5.93%), others (5.04%), and obesity (4.19%). MARHAM’s Facebook page and Twitter account were mainly used for health education and awareness. Their mobile application and website were used by healthcare professionals and for patient registration. Conclusion The study’s results suggest that MARHAM is playing a significant role in the health sector of Pakistan, addressing primarily women and children’s issues through their Facebook group. Like many who have an online presence, MARHAM faces certain challenges, including the public’s low literacy rates and scant Internet access.
Transient neonatal diabetes mellitus caused by a novel mutation in the ABCC8 gene

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Neonatal diabetes mellitus is a rare monogenic form of diabetes that develops in the first 6 months of life. Neonatal diabetes mellitus is commonly divided in two groups as transient and permanent. Genetic and epigenetic anomalies of chromosome 6q24 locus are responsible for 70% of transient neonatal diabetes mellitus cases. Incidence of macroglossia, umbilical hernia, cardiac and renal anomalies is increased in transient neonatal diabetes mellitus patients. Mutations in the genes (ABCC8 and KCNJ11) encoding two protein subunits (SUR1 and Kir6.2) of ATP-sensitive potassium channels constitute the second common cause of transient neonatal diabetes mellitus. In this article, we present a case with homozygous missense mutation (DNA expression: c1456&gt; T), which was found in the ABCC8 gene in a 3.5-month-old patient with no congenital anomalies, leading to transient neonatal diabetes mellitus.
Simulating Iraq: Cultural Mediation and the Effects of the Real

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This essay examines Claire Beckett’s <it>Simulating Iraq</it> (2007–9), a series of large-format color photographs that documents army personnel and civilian workers training American troops for military deployment by staging the theater of operations awaiting them. At the heart of this endeavor is the problem of cultural mediation through which the slippery notions of “us” and “them” or “friend” and “foe” are constructed and materialized. While such simulations of identity create effects of the real, they also elude definitive capture or specific localization. Beckett’s photographs capture the complicity and contradictions that course through the elisions among imaging systems, the field of perception, and the logic of military operations.
NMR Structure Determination of Protein–Ligand Complexes

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

One of the most desired features of low-molecular-weight therapeutic molecules ("small molecules") is their specificity towards drug-related target(s) in order to minimize adverse effects in humans. Improving specificity involves a high degree of optimization of structural information. X-ray crystallography and NMR spectroscopy are the two major techniques for obtaining precise protein–ligand complex structures. The structure determination of protein–ligand complexes can be based on a variety of NMR data. Resonance assignment of the NMR signals from NMR-active nuclei in the protein and the ligand with subsequent nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy (NOESY) analysis revealing cross-peaks within and between ligand and protein is the classical method. It results in the most valuable information, because nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE) signals can directly be converted into distance restraints. This approach can, however, be very time-consuming and, more importantly, often fails in cases of low or intermediate affinity, where NOEs cannot be observed at the interface of protein and ligand due to intermediate chemical exchange phenomena. In the last decade, methods have been developed to shortcut the classical procedure. Fast methods for strong binders are still NOE-based, but do not require chemical shift assignment of the protein. Initial binders identified in fragment screens from an NMR-driven drug discovery process are often weak and do not show intermolecular NOEs. Therefore, additional experimental restraints other than NOEs can be collected and transferred to restraints in the calculations to solve the structural problem. In this chapter, we report on the computational use of different NMR experiments including unassigned NOEs, saturation transfer difference, WaterLOGSY, paramagnetic shifts, and, in the most detail, ligand-induced chemical shift perturbations.
Effect of the reduction of the outflow restriction discharge from the Xingó dam in water salinity in the lower stretch of the São Francisco River

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

ABSTRACT Among the water quality parameters subjected to changes in river flow variations, salinity stands out for being intrinsically associated to ecosystem quality. Nonetheless, salinization can cause irreversible damage to the structure and functions of aquatic communities. This work evaluated the effect of successive reductions of outflow discharges from Xingó dam in water salinity in the lower stretch of the São Francisco River, Brazil. Salinity was analysed downstream of the dam, in addition to the relation between discharge reductions and salinity levels, as well as the spatial evolution of salinity in function of the distance of the sampling points from the river mouth. Secondary water quality data from 17 monitoring points were analysed, moreover, field samples and laboratory analyses were performed. With the reductions of outflow discharges, that started in 2013, there was a considerable increase in salinity in the sampling point located 9 km far from the river mouth, and with the continuation of discharge reductions, points that are farther away from the river mouth also presented high salinity values, both in the bottom and on the surface. This study indicates salinity values above the limits of fresh water (0.5 ‰), established by the CONAMA Resolution 357, for human consumption.
A Study on Understanding and Practice of the Eucharist of the ‘Reformed Church’: Centering on Presbyterian Church of Korea(PCK) by Unyong Kim, Ph.D.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

종교개혁자의 주된 관심사 중의 하나는 바른 예배를 위한 개혁이었다. 그것은 예 배 가운데서 하나님의 말씀의 선포인 설교의 회복뿐만 아니라 성찬의 바른 이해와 실 행을 그 목표로 했다. 개혁의 봉화가 높이 타오른 이래, 여러 지역으로 들불처럼 번져 나간 개혁 운동은 이전과는 다른 새로운 교회를 태동시켰다. 그렇게 탄생한 ‘개혁된 교회’(reformed church)는 지금 어떻게 그 전통을 이어가고 있는가? 그 교회는 예배에 있어서 설교의 중요성을 잘 견지하고 있다면 성찬 실행이라는 관점에서 보면 그렇게 긍정적이지 못한 것이 일반적 평가이다. 한국의 개혁교회 역시 설교 중심의 예배로 정착되었고 성찬 실행에는 처음 시작 부분에서 많이 벗어나 있음을 확인할 수 있었 다. 본고는 ‘개혁된 교회’의 전통 가운데 서 있는 교회가 500년의 역사를 지나가면서 오늘 어떻게 성찬을 이해하고 실행하는지 살펴보는데 그 주안점이 있다. 바른 성찬 실행을 위해 노력한다는 것은 그 정신을 새롭게 하는 것이며 종교개혁 정신을 이어가는 것이라는 점에서 중요하다. 그 뿌리와 개혁의 내용을 살펴보기 위해 종교개혁 전 후를 중심으로 한 성찬 신학 형성과 실행에 대해 문헌 중심으로 살펴보고, 오늘의 실 행을 살펴보기 위해 설문 조사와 현장관찰조사방법을 사용하였다. 특별히 본 연구는 대한예수교 장로회(통합)에 속한 교회의 성찬 실행을 중심으로 살펴보았다. 조사 결과 변질 된 예배와 신앙전통을 바로 세우려는 예배 개혁 정신을 따라 시작되었지만 오늘 의 개혁된 교회의 예배는 설교가 중심을 이루고 있는 예배로 굳어졌고, 또 다른 축인 성찬예전에는 여러 문제점을 안고 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 성찬은 교회에 주신 “그 리스도와의 연합을 통한 영적 자양분”이라고 한 개혁자의 주장을 고려할 때, 개혁된 교회의 개혁은 계속되어야 할 당위성 앞에 서 있음을 확인할 수 있었다.
DATA COLONIALISM AND DATA SOVEREIGNTY IN INDIGENOUS SPACES

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper will discuss a topic of prioritized importance in contemporary Indigenous research: data sovereignty. In the light of the historical and cultural contexts in which we conduct our research, we need to drastically question and decenter research practices that could contribute to reiterating, maintaining, and amplifying colonial practices and perspectives. Data harvesting is such a practice, and an issue of immediate interest on the agenda of Indigenous researchers and allies. Efforts toward ethically valid and cultural-sensitive modes of data use are taking shape in Indigenous research, calling for an increased awareness about the topic among scholars within the interdisciplinary field of digital research. This presentation takes its point of departure in Sápmi, the traditional area of settlement of the Indigenous Sámi people, and in ongoing research and initiatives in the area. The international research context constitutes the framework for contextualizing topical debates and issues in Sápmi. First, I will approach and examine practices and principles of data collection, data management and data curation through the lens of Indigenous research. Second, I will discuss examples of digital initiatives in curatorship of Indigenous traditional knowledge, for instance the labelling of cultural heritage, use of metadata and access to library and archive collections. Current debates and ongoing works about ethical guidelines and about the application of FAIR and CARE principles will be central in this discussion.
[Study of retinal correspondence in esotropia with phase difference haploscope].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

There is some concern regarding the evaluated depth of anomalous correspondence, because we often experience paradoxical results. We have already reported that, in intermittent exotropia, we sometimes found dual correspondence with a phase difference haploscope (PDH) reducing the stimulus intensity of either image with a series of neutral density filters. In this study, we analyzed the retinal correspondence in esotropes with the same procedure. 27 esotropes were examined. 11 cases had normal correspondence and 16 cases anomalous correspondence in PDH. All of the 11 normal correspondence cases retained normal correspondence when we reduced the stimulus intensity of either image of fixating eyes or squinting eyes. In the 16 anomalous correspondence cases in PDH, 2 cases showed normal correspondence when the stimulus intensity of the fixating eyes was reduced. On the other hand, 3 cases showed normal correspondence when the stimulus intensity of the squinting eyes was reduced. In fixed heterotropia, both the fovea and the part of the retina of the squinting eye which received the same images as the fovea of the fixating eye (fixating point), were suppressed by the fixating eye. We consider that, in some cases with anomalous retinal correspondence in PDH, when the stimulus intensity of the fixating eyes or the squinting eyes is reduced, the balance of the sensitivity of the foveas and the fixating points of the squinting eyes change, and show normal correspondence.
The Utility of the Classical and Oxidative Heck Reactions in Natural Product Synthesis: Studies Directed toward the Total Synthesis of Dragmacidin F

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The syntheses of complex pyrrole-fused [3.3.1] and [3.3.2] bicycles using classical and oxidative Heck cyclizations are described. While both [3.3.1] and [3.2.2] bicyclic products are formed in the classical Heck reaction, the oxidative Heck cyclization reaction furnishes solely the [3.3.1] bicycle. The [3.3.1] bicyclic product has been used as an intermediate to synthesize the complex marine alkaloid dragmacidin F.
Cleapa latifascia Walker 1855

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Cleapa latifascia Walker, 1855 Cleapa latifascia Walker, 1855; 5: 1037. Cleapa latifascia formosae Strand, 1920; 84 (A): 186. Marushachia rotundata Matsumura, 1934; 8: 153. Cleapa latifascia; Schintlmeister, 2013; 11: 81. TL: East Indies; TD: NHMUK Distribution: India: Jammu & Kashmir, Uttarakhand, Chhattisgarh, Maharashtra (Sanjay Gandhi NP). Elsewhere: China (Taiwan), Indonesia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam. Material Examined: Chhattisgarh, Koriya dist., Guru Ghasidas NP, Kamarjee Range (23.7249°N; 82.0638°E, 594 m), 22.ix.2013 (1 ex.), Coll. A. Raha & Party.
Complex calcitic crystallizations innostoc parmelioideskütz (Freshwater cyanobacterium): Rhombs around trichomes insidenostoccolonies and epiphytic bacterial microstromatolites

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Pluricentimetric colonies of Nostoc parmelioides exhibit two types of calcifications: (1) rhombs, either isolated, chains, or grouped in elongate masses around sheathless trichomes in the interior of the colony; or (2) discs with fibroradiating and concentric fabric, in which radial elements are elongate, stacked, upside‐down, bell‐shaped monocrystals, with concentric laminations in cross section. The discs could be the result of a very peculiar calcification of an epiphytic organism, probably a bacterium. These structures can be referred to as bacterial microstromatolites. Keywords: Nostoc cyanobacteriacalcitestromatolitesbacteriafreshwater environment
Soil resistance to penetration in different tillage methods

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Aimed at determining the optimal tillage method for the region, four-year penetration resistance measurements, among others, were carried out on stagnic podzouvisols of the trial field near Daruvar in central Croatia. The trial included the following treatments: Standard plot, Conventional ploughing up/down the slope, No-tillage, Conventional ploughing across the slope, Very deep ploughing across the slope (50 cm) and Subsoiling to the depth of 60 cm + conventional ploughing across the slope. Crops were sown in the following crop sequence: 1994/95 - maize, 1995/96 - soybean, 1996/97 - winter wheat, and 1997/98 oil rape.
Measurements of soil resistance to penetration to the depth of 50 cm in four repetition, as the principal parameter of soil compaction, were carried out continuously parallel to the plant cover growth and application of appropriate agricultural practices using The Bush Soil Recording Penetrometer. At the same time, samples were taken of the soil while in disrupted state in order to determine its moisture.
The four-year investigations point to the conclusion that the soil resistance to penetration is predominantly influenced by the effective state of the plant cover development, actual soil moisture and the tillage method applied.
The lowest penetration resistance results in all trial treatments were recorded in first measurements, immediately after the application of tilling practices. In treatments involving deep practices (very deep ploughing and subsoiling) penetration resistance values were constant to the measurement depth whereas an increase was recorded in penetration resistance below the ploughing depth in treatments with conventional ploughing to the depth of 25-30 cm.