jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Molecular genetic mechanisms underlying the response to heat and cold stress in Drosophila melanogaster

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Molecular mechanisms of stress response are interesting from an evolutionary point of view, as they are often under natural selection. In this study, we reviewed the molecular mechanisms of reaction to temperature stresses on the example of a model organism Drosophila melanogaster, which had been studied in detail. We compared the reactions to heat and cold stresses and identified similar and specific molecular response mechanisms. The key processes common to responses to both types of stress were the increased expression of the HSP (heat shock proteins) and Turandot genes and the activation of serine-threonine protein kinase p38 MAPK. Heat stress also induced TORC2-mediated formation of stress granules, but cold stress led to the increase in the synthesis of calcium-binding protein DCA and cryoprotective protein FROST. Some similarity in reactions to heat and cold stress can be explained by the similar nature of the damage induced by these stresses and the multifunctionality of the proteins that provide stress responses. Probably, there was an evolutionary trade-off between tolerance to heat and cold stress in D. melanogaster: an increase in resistance to one stress has led to a decrease in resistance to another. Fruit flies at different life cycle stages demonstrated different sensitivity to temperature influences, and the mechanisms of response to them also partially differed. The comparison of the studies on the evolution of proteins involved in response to temperature stresses allowed us to conclude that these molecular mechanisms evolved rapidly in insects, and the conclusions obtained on D. melanogaster should be transferred to other animals, even within the Diptera, with great caution. Using the FlyBase database, we examined the localization of genes whose products were involved in response to temperature stresses in the Drosophila genome. 15 out of the 21 genes mentioned in the work were located on the third chromosome, 10 on its right arm. That allowed us to hypothesize an adaptive convergence of these genes in the genome of D. melanogaster. Perhaps this helped synchronize the regulation of their expression more precisely. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of insect response to temperature stresses can be of practical importance: to help predict the changes in the species’ habitat and their adaptation to rapidly changing climate conditions, as well as to contribute to the development of insecticides that can withstand insect pests and invasive species.
Collaborative Governance dalam Pengelolaan Kegiatan Ramadhan: Studi Kasus Malam 29 di Makam Sunan Ampel Surabaya

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Indonesia is one of the countries with the largest Muslim population in the world, has a very strong wealth of religious traditions. Religious activities that are often carried out by local tourists are pilgrimages to the tombs of saints, one of which is the Tomb of Sunan Ampel in Surabaya. On the 29th night of Ramadan, the area of ​​the Tomb of Sunan Ampel will experience a surge in visitors because it coincides with the last ten odd nights of the month of Ramadan. This study aims to determine the form of collaborative governance in the management of the 29th night of Ramadan activities at the Tomb of Sunan Ampel Surabaya. The main problem of the study is the process of collaboration between stakeholders in the management of complex and large-scale religious activities. The method used in this study is a descriptive qualitative method with interview, observation, and documentation techniques. The results of the study show that collaboration between parties in the management of Ramadan activities at the Tomb of Sunan Ampel is informal and only dominant in the Tomb of Sunan Ampel Foundation. Although there is functional cooperation, there is no written regulation to clearly regulate the division of roles. Therefore, efforts are needed to strengthen the structure and equal participation so that the governance of Ramadan activities can run more effectively and inclusively.
The mediating role of cytokine IL-6 on the relationship of FEV1 upon 6-minute walk distance in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives: To explore the mediating role of protein interleukin-6 (IL-6) on the relationship between forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV 1 ) and 6-minute walk distance (6MWD) and, further, to determine whether status variables (such as age, sex, and body mass index [BMI]) operate as moderators of this mediation relationship. Design: Moderated mediation model. Setting: An inpatient pulmonary rehabilitation center in Italy. Participants: All 153 patients involved in the screening of a randomized controlled clinical trial (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01253941) were included in this study. All patients were Global initiative for chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) stages I–IV and were aged 70.1±9.1 years. Measurements: At run-in phase of the protocol, clinical and functional screening included BMI, fasting plasma levels of protein (IL-6), spirometry, and standardized 6-minute walking test, measured at the start of the respiratory rehabilitation program. Methods: The size of the indirect effect of the initial variable (FEV 1 ) upon the outcome variable (6MWD) through the intervening variable (IL-6) was computed and tested for statistical significance. Moderated mediation analyses were subsequently conducted with age, sex, and BMI. Results: FEV 1 averaged 53.4%±21.2%, and 6MWD 66.4%±41.3% of predicted. Median protein IL-6 was 6.68 pg/mL (interquartile range: 5.96). A bootstrapped mediation test supported the predicted indirect pathway ( P =0.003). The indirect effect through IL-6 log units accounted for 17% of the total effect between FEV 1 and 6MWD. Age functioned as a significant moderator of the mediational pattern. For individuals aged <70 years, the standardized indirect effect was significant (0.122, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.044–0.254, P =0.004), and for individuals >70 years it was not significant (0.04, 95% CI: –0.010 to 0.142, P =0.10). Conclusion: This moderated mediation result based on concurrent data suggests, but does not prove, a causal role of systemic inflammatory syndrome on progression from functional impairment to "frailty" status and substantial disability in aging chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Keywords: COPD, chronic airflow obstruction, aging, mediation analysis
Investigating the Behavioral Biases of Individual investors’ Decision using Bailard, Biehl and Kaiser Five-Way Model

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Behavioral biases are systematic and predictable errors that can occur in making financial decisions. Bailard, Biehl and Kaiser five-way model is one of the general models for understanding and identifying behavioral biases. Based on this, the purpose of the current research is to investigate the behavioral biases of individual investors using Bailard, Biehl and Kaiser five-way model. The population of this study was individual investors of the Tehran Stock Exchange. The data was collected by questionnaire from a sample of 216 individual investors. Snowball sampling was used for gathering data. Structural equation modeling and non-parametric tests were used to analyze the data. The main variables of the research were the personality traits of investors, behavioral biases (i.e., disposition effect, anchoring, and herding) and demographic variables (i.e., gender, age, marital status, education, income, experience). Based on the model of Bailard, Biehl, and Kaiser the personality traits of investors are divided into five personality types: adventurer, celebrity, guardian, individualist, and straight arrow. This division is based on two main dimensions "careful-impetuous" and "confident-anxious". The research findings showed that the personality traits of investors affect their behavioral biases. In addition, all five personality types were compared two by two according to the three behavioral biases. For example, it was verified that celebrity and guardian investors were different from each other in the three behavioral biases. The findings showed that gender and education have a significant effect on the disposition biases. Gender, age, and experience have a significant effect on herding biases. Age has a significant effect on anchoring biases. Finally, understanding and recognizing behavioral biases can help individual investors and policymakers to make intelligent decisions by minimizing behavioral biases. Bailard, Biehl and Kaiser five-way model can play a pivotal role in realizing this important goal.
In and Out of the Commune: The Social Boundaries of Citizenship

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Early one morning in January of 1609, an innkeeper in Frankfurt was awakened from his slumbers by an excited guest, who reported that his companions in the public room below were engaged in a violent fight. The group of men had already been well into their cups when the innkeeper decided to go to bed the night before, and now he hurried down the stairs in his night shirt to find one of the men wounded to the bone with a hunting knife (Weidner, also in widespread use as a side arm). The men had been gambling late at night and came to blows over an accusation of cheating, which ultimately escalated to a knife fight.1 A fight over cards and drinks in a public house was, of course, hardly unusual in early modern Germany. The only thing that differentiates this fight from thousands of other seventeenth-century tavern brawls is the fact that it took place in the Judengasse, Frankfurt's Jewish quarter, and the men involved were not Christians but Jews. Even so, it does not seem to have been terribly out of the ordinary. What this fight and others like it illustrate is that despite even very recent assertions to the contrary, Jewish men lacked neither the weapons nor the propensity for violence that triggered a resort to arms.
Suicidal Ideation – Trends and risk groups in Luxembourg

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Suicide is a main cause of death among young people worldwide and adolescence is the period with the highest risk of developing suicidal ideation. Objective(s): Trends of suicidal ideation over time and identification of groups at risk in Luxembourg. Method: Secondary school students were asked the questions from the Optional Package “Suicidal ideation and behaviour” in the Luxembourgish HBSC survey 2006 (N = 6581), 2010 (N = 7192), and 2014 (N = 5599). Data were analysed using SPSS complex samples and logistic regressions. Results: 15.9% of the students considered suicide in 2006, 12.7% in 2010 and 15.2% in 2014. Girls were more likely to consider suicide than boys. Family affluence, family structure, schooltype, age, bullying and other variables predicted suicidal ideation and behaviour, too. Conclusions: Despite a decrease of considered suicide in 2010, suicidal ideation and behaviour did not change between 2006 and 2014. Thus, prevention programmes are important.
Development of a new single-phase field excitation flux switching motor topology with segmental rotor

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Diverse topology of three-phase and single-phase Field Excitation Flux Switching Machines (FEFSMs) that have been developed recently have several advantages such as variable flux capability and the single piece structure of rotor suitable for high-speed applications. However, a salient rotor structure has led to a longer flux path resulting in high flux leakage and higher rotor weight. Meanwhile, overlap windings between armature and Field Excitation Coil (FEC) have caused the problems of high end coil increased size of motor and high copper losses. Therefore, a new topology of singlephase non-overlap windings 12S-6P FEFSM segmented rotor with the advantages of less weight and non-overlap between armature coil and FEC windings is presented. The design, flux linkage, back-EMF, cogging torque, average torque, speed, and power of this new topology are investigated by JMAG-Designer via a 2D-FEA. As a results the proposed motor has achieved torque and power of 0.91Nm and 293W, respectively. To prove the simulation result based on 2D-FEA, experimental test is performed and the armature back-EMF was observed with FE current of 4A is supplied. Finally, at the speed of 500 rpm and 3000 rpm, the back-EMF is 2.75 V and 16.13 V, respectively. The simulation results showed reasonable agreement with the experimental results, approximately difference range from 4.9% to 7.4%.
Agritourism Farms: A Great Way to Promote Local Products

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Online communication (Web 2.0) is an important tool that can assist consumers in choosing a service and/or buying a product and, if used effectively, can help businesses to improve organizational performance. This is a study of the websites of a sample of 4,080 Italian agritourism farms, which focuses on the construction, utility, and relative maturity of these businesses. The study entails an exploration of how and where the organization of websites is effective for the promotion of the features of agritourism farms and is therefore essential for providing recommendations for decisionmakers in the Italian agritourism sector. To test the study hypotheses, an extended model of internet commerce adoption (eMICA) is used, which is adapted to include the information reported on each agritourism farm website. Chi-square automatic interaction detection (CHAID) helps to analyze the differences in website design and vacation types on offer at the provincial level. The eMICA highlights the utility of using interactivity to measure the relative maturity of agritourism farm websites. In contrast, the CHAID decision tree shows how the diversification of vacation types is an important strategy for selling local agrifood products, especially to farm accommodation guests.
Some Thoughts on Cartographic Production Systems for Nautical Charting

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In this paper we discuss the Australian Hydrographic Branch’s experience with computer-based cartographic production since the early 1970’s and outline the current practices adopted by the Australian Hydrographic Office. We attempt to generalise the experience and, with one eye on the potentially extensive development of digital data acquisition systems (both sea- and air-bome) and the other on the likely demands of electronic charting graphics and the consequent need for change in hydrographic information management practices, we suggest some strategies for future hydrographic office procurement of cartographic production systems for nautical charting. Given the limited hydrographic market place in each hydrographic nation, including (relatively) even the largest nations, it is unlikely that the ideal solutions will become readily available from the market-place, despite the optimism of many land and geographic information systems vendors that their products cater for all graphics output requirements. Consequently a heavy development burden will fall on individual hydrographic offices unless international specification can transcend and complement particular governments’ procurement policies.
cMUT probe cooling design by thermal network

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A cooling system for the cMUT (Capacitance Micro machined Ultrasonic Transducer) probe is designed in efficient way and realized. First, cMUT specific thermal spreader is optimally designed to transport the heat load from the heat source to the heat pipe. Small fins with micro fans for the heat sinks are thermally linked with the heat pipe. Experiments are performed to evaluate the thermal resistances of the each component. Finally, the desired thermal resistance of the heat sink is estimated by using the thermal network analysis, which is realized with the air fans and the fins.
Book Review: Nano physics & Nano technology

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

During last decades, there are a lot of emphases on studying material behavior in atomic scale. In most scientific and engineering fields, one can see the effect of nanotechnology. The aim of nanoscience is to design and fabrication of new and applicable materials. Nowadays, Nano is a popular science which chemists, physicist, doctors, engineers, financial managers and environment's fans for creating a good life via nanoscience have a great cooperation with each others. Materials in nano scale such as nanotubes and nanowires have extraordinary properties which by optimization of these properties in nano scale and then develop these properties to macro scale, they've been challenging issues. For instance, materials in nano scale improve mechanical properties of polymers and metallic materials via nano particles and on the other hand by producing a thin film on surfaces improve surface hardening. Besides, nanotechnology is in hi-tech industries such as magnetic devices, surface coating, and biomaterial, material having sensors, polymers, gels, ceramics and intelligent membrane. Nano-carbon tubes are considered intelligent due to the fact that they couple electrochemical and elastic properties simultaneously, hence have greater activation energy density in comparison with other intelligent materials. Studying nanoscience is important because it causes the life to be better. Future Materials and structures will have a lot of outstanding properties. Intelligent machines can repair, recycle and reconstruct themselves. All these features are only possible in nano zone. Nano in engineering science can provide the possibility of making light missiles for exploring space. The reduced weight can be achieved by replacing traditional materials with hybrid nanocomposites.
Protocorm or rhizome? The morphology of seed germination in Cymbidium dayanum Reichb.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Seeds of Cymbidium dayanum Reichb. were sown in vitro and germinated to produce protocorms one month later. Protocorms elongated, and the unicellular cell absorbing hairs were initiated at the base. The anterior of the protocorm produced the sheath leaf primordium. After two months, the protocorms grew, with the structure similar to that of rhizomes with nodes and lateral buds. The terminal buds spontaneously developed into shoots. According to the morphological pattern in vitro, we inferred that the seed germination of C. dayanum involved a fast transition from protocorm to plantlet by rhizome.
V. Drug-induced Interstitial Lung Disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

薬剤性間質性肺疾患は,びまん性肺疾患の診療において,鑑別の1つとして常に考えておく必要がある.患者が薬と認識していない栄養食品やサプリメントも含め,すべての薬剤は肺障害を来たす可能性があり,注意深い問診による薬剤投与との時間的関連の確認と,他疾患の除外が診断の基本である.分子標的薬や生物学的製剤,免疫チェックポイント阻害薬などの登場によって,今後も薬剤性間質性肺疾患の増加,多様化が予想される.
Chiral radial pentaynes exhibiting cholesteric discotic phases

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The synthesis of some new chiral radial pentaynes exhibiting enantiotropic cholesteric discotic (ND*) phases at moderate temperatures is presented. By alteration of the lateral substituents we were able to obtain the phenomenon of selective reflection as well as a temperature induced helix inversion. In the latter, dilution with a nematic discotic compound has no influence on the inversion temperature, indicating that the phenomenon arises from a molecular property of the chiral compound. By adding another cholesteric radial pentayne with an almost temperature independent pitch, the inversion temperature is shifted linearly with composition in the cholesteric mixture confirming the additivity of the helical twisting power for chiral compounds in a cholesteric discotic system.
Unsteady pressures on a NACA 64A010 airfoil - Experimental and theoretical results

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Transonic testing of an NACA 64A010 airfoil at the Ohio State University Aero-Astro Research Laboratory is described, and results of fixed angle of attack and pitch oscillation experiments are discussed. The operating range was Mach 0.20 to 1.07 with available total pressures of 140,000 N/m2 to 620,000 N/m2. The airfoil model was mounted on roller bearings installed in the solid sidewalls of the tunnel test section. The equipment included transducers to measure unsteady pressures, and static pressure taps obtaining steady-state data. The data gathered at Mach 0.8 gave an indication of the influence of the natural shock instability and shock-induced flow separation on the unsteady pressures, with the location of the peak disturbance level shifting forward in the comparison of 0 to 2 deg pitch angle data. The oscillating airfoil data is examined in terms of harmonic content and the in-phase and out-of-phase components. It is concluded that the experimental data has good qualitative comparison with methods accounting for shock interaction.
Teachers’ Opinions towards Educational Robotics for Special Needs Students: An Exploratory Italian Study

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Research reveals that robotics can be a valuable tool for school students with special needs (SNs). However, to our knowledge, empirical studies on teachers’ attitudes towards educational robotics for SNs students have been very limited and, in general, do not account for the great variability in the existent difficulties of school-aged children. Our aim is to fill this research gap. This post-test empirical study assessed Italian pre-service and in-service learning support teachers’ attitudes towards the application of Educational Robotics—ER with their students with SNs at the end of a 12-h training course. The results generally showed that most teachers perceived ER as a powerful tool for children with numerous SNs, particularly for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder—ADHD, Autism Spectrum Disorder—ASD, and Dyspraxia. Looking at the differences depending on the school level, kindergarten teachers perceived that ER is mostly helpful for ASD, ADHD, Down Syndrome—DS as well as with psychological or emotional distress or the needs of foreign students. For primary school teachers, ER was mostly helpful with ADHD, Dyspraxia and ASD. For both junior secondary school teachers and high school teachers, ER was mostly helpful with ASD, Dyspraxia, and ADHD.
Cloud Computing and the Enterprise Needs for Data Freedom

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract — The article aims to investigate the problem, if the willingness and success of transferring enterprise operations to the cloud-computing infrastructure are related to the level of freedom of managing enterprise data. This problem emanates from the raising awareness of the enterprises, that submission of data for processing by the cloud computing solutions invokes risk of further transformations of data formats by vendor, and failure of keeping its compatibility to own data. In this case the enterprise could be unable to make archives, or to switch to another cloud service provider. The pilot survey explores attitudes of enterprise members and specialists of information technologies (IT) to the designed shadow service and is potential to increase customer trust for cloud computing services. The concept of shadow service architecture is suggested, which models the customized backup plan adjusted for managing data of the company as the compatibility matrix. Keywords-cloud computing; vendor lock-in; trust; compatibility matrix; shadow service architecture I.