jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Forward Physics Capabilities of CMS with the CASTOR and ZDC detectors

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The two calorimeters CASTOR and ZDCs enhance the hermeticity of the CMS detector at the LHC by extending the rapidity coverage in the forward region.After having described these detectors, their forward physics capabilities are presented.These latters include the study of parton shower, multiple parton interactions, diffraction and ultra high energy cosmic rays models.The processes to be measured to constrain these topics are multi-jet events with a forward jet, central-forward activity correlation, rapidity gaps and forward neutron production.
Effect of soluble carbohydrates on digestion of cellulose by pure cultures of rumen bacteria

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The rate of cellulose digestion in the presence of either glucose or cellobiose was studied for the three predominant species of cellulolytic rumen bacteria: Ruminococcus albus, Ruminococcus flavefaciens, and Bacteroides succinogenes. When a soluble carbohydrate was added to cellulose broth, the lag phase of cellulose digestion was shortened. Presumably, this was due to greater numbers of bacteria, because increasing the size of the inoculum had a similar effect. Cellulose digestion occurred simultaneously with utilization of the soluble carbohydrate. The rate of cellulose digestion slowed markedly for B. succinogenes and R. flavefaciens and slowed less for R. albus after the cellobiose or glucose had been utilized, and was accompanied by a decrease in pH. Both the rate and the extent of cellulose digestion were partially inhibited when the initial pH of the medium was 6.3 or below. R. albus appeared to be less affected by a low-pH medium than were B. succinogenes and R. flavefaciens. When a soluble carbohydrate was added to the fermentation during the maximum-rate phase of cellulose digestion, the rate of cellulose digestion was not affected until after the soluble carbohydrate had been depleted and the pH had decreased markedly. Prolonged exposure of the bacteria to a low pH had little if any effect on their subsequent ability to digest cellulose. Cellulase activity of intact bacterial cells appeared to be constitutive in nature for these three species of rumen bacteria.
A problem in determining fitness differences

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Although differential contributions to the next generation have frequently been used to measure differences in fitness, a t genetic equilibrium there will be no such differences among genotypes with balanced polymorphism.For a single locus the frequencies, after selection, of the three genotypes, AA, Aa, aa, will be: qlp2/K 2W,,pq/W and W,, q2/v, where
Optical properties of U 3 P 4

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Optical and magneto-optical properties of the non-collinear ferromagnet U 3 P 4 are studied theoretically over the broad energy range of 0Ð12 eV. The calculations are carried out in the framework of the local density functional theory treating the U 5f electrons as itinerant, and the results are compared with available experimental data. For low energies, below 5 eV, the agreement between theory and experiment is good. Above 5 eV, the theoretical optical characteristics exceed substantially the corresponding experimental values. Possible reasons for this di¤erence are discussed. Much attention is devoted to the role played by the 5f electrons for the formation of the optical properties. To do this we determine the electronic structure and optical properties of Th 3 P
Socio-economic profile of inland fishermen and fish farmers of Telangana state

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The study was conducted in six districts of Telangana state to analyse the profile characteristics of respondents (fishermen and fish farmers). The research employs an ex-post facto research design, collecting data from 240 fishermen and 60 fish farmers across six districts. Personal interview method was used to collect data and appropriate statistical tools were applied to analyse the data. The majority of fishermen were middle-aged (47.08%) and illiterate (49.58%), engaging in Fishing + Agriculture labor + Agriculture (33.33%), with medium fishing experience (40.83%) and low income (52.50%). They exhibited low extension contact (46.67%) and low innovativeness (40.00%), with medium economic motivation (47.08%) and medium group cohesiveness (40.00%). Fish farmers, also mostly middle-aged (46.67%), were educated up to high school (31.67%), involved in Fish farming + Agriculture + Livestock (56.67%), with low fish farming experience (45.00%) and medium income level (38.33%). They displayed high economic motivation (53.33%) and high market orientation (50.00%), with a significant portion owning ponds (90.00%) of more than 0.5 hectare in size (35.00%).
Scanning electron microscopic study on the dorsal lingual surface of the Egyptian little owl, Athene noctua

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Tongue in birds has a significant role in feeding mechanism as it greatly differs in the shape and size to help in obtaining, manipulating, swallowing and processing food. However, many details about some species are still missing. Therefore, the present study was designed to investigate the morphological appearance of the dorsal lingual surface of the little owl, Athene noctua using scanning electron microscope. The tongue of the little owl, Athene noctua appears elongated in the antero-posterior direction. The tongue is distinguished into an anterior lingual body and a posterior lingual radix. Lingual body surface is devoid from any type of the lingual papillae which are observed only on the dorsal surface of the lingual radix. The tip of the tongue appeared to be bifurcated. Irregular scaly protrusions of deciduous epithelial outgrowths were observed on the lingual body surface. Several rows of lingual papillae of different sizes were observed on the dorsal surface of the lingual radix. The results showed that the morphological features of the tongue of the little owl, Athene noctua is matched with its feeding habit.
Baseball World Series, fourth game (Second game in Los Angeles), Los Angeles versus Chicago White Sox, 1959

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

160 images. Baseball World Series, fourth game (Second game in Los Angeles), Los Angeles versus Chicago White Sox, 5 October 1959. (Sleeve reads: SP-12696).; Caption slip reads: "Photographer: Jensen. Assignment: 4th World Series game. Roll #1, 35 mm. 1st: Wally Moon. Scoreboard 5th. 2nd: Furillo fouls ball, 5th. 3rd: Furillo picks up Klu single, 6th. 4th: Moon gets Goodman's fly, 6th. 5th: Craig pitching, 6th. 6th: Demeter goes into second on Roseboro bunt. Error on Pierce finds Roseboro safe, 6th. 7th: Smith gets Wills fly, 6th. 8th: Craig sacrifice bunts advance Demeter & Roseboro, 6th. 9th: Klu gets Gilliam pop fly, 6th. Roll #2. 1st: Torgeson out at first. Second to first, 7th. 2nd: Klu singles scoring Landis, 7th. 3rd: Lollar crosses plate after 3 run homer, 7th. 4th: Wally Moon ground out. Second to first, 7th. 5th: Smith fouls off, 8th. 6th: Smith out Wills to Hodges, 8th. 7th: Rivera out. Neal to Hodges, 8th. 8th: Hodges homers, 8th".; Other caption slip reads: "Photographer: Rustan. Date: 1959-10-05. Assignment: World Series #4. Foton roll #1: 0 to 8 -- N.G. 8-20 -- Charlie Neal bunts, out at first. 24 to 29 -- 24 Chi. pop up in infield. Foton #2: 2 to 12 -- Hodges batting -- fouls one into Don Demeter (action not shown) but closeup of Demeter after he was hit. 24 & 25 -- Charlie Neal down ducking wild pitch, 3rd inning. 26 to 28 -- Neal hits to pitcher, out. Wally Moon slides into 3rd & 29 to 36 -- then home for 1st run. Foton # 3: 3 to 5 -- Walter Alston. 6 to 16 -- Furillo bats & strikes out. 20 to 30 -- Roger Craig pitching. 30 to 36 -- 8 LA batting -- out. Foton: 2 & 3 -- Hodges homer".
Effect of observation on early surgery for elderly patients with burns complicated neurological damage

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To study the clinical effect of early surgery for elderly patients with burns complicated neurological damage.Methods 40 cases of elderly patients with deep Ⅱ burn combined nerve damage in our hospital from June 2010 to June 2012 were selected,they were divided into early surgical group and late surgical group according to treatment methods,with 20 cases in each group,the patients in early surgical group were given first phase surgery treatment in 5 d after injury,and given injury nerve transplant when transplant flap was survival for half a month,and then given nerve anastomosis in 1 month when transplant flap was survival.Patients in late surgical group were treated with the same method with early surgical group,but the treatment were given in 7 d after injury,in 1 month when transplant flap was survival,in 3 months when transplant flap was survival.Results Patients of two groups were given 6 months followed-up after treatment,obvious improvement rate of sensory function in early surgical group was 70.0%,the part improvement rate was 25.0%,ineffective rate was 5.0% ;and the index of late surgical group were 45.0%,35.0%,20.0%;the difference between two groups was statistically significant(P 0.05).Conclusion The clinical effect of early surgical in elderly patients with burns and nerve injury is remarkable,sensory function recovery in patients is better than late surgery,it is worthy of clinical popularization and application.
Development Of Bulk Thermoelectric N-type SiGe Alloy By Laser Powder Bed Fusion

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Nowadays, Additive Manufacturing (AM) has revolutionised current production methods in many areas like aeronautics, military or medicine. Among these methods, Laser Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF) is prevalent to printing complex metallic parts for small and medium series. Recent studies in L-PBF processing develops the production of new materials via this process, including thermoelectric (TE) materials. This study presents the manufacturing of silicon-germanium alloy by L-PBF, a TE material intended for high temperature applications. It is the first time that this material is manufactured by AM technology. Several dense samples were produced, and a first process window was identified. Structural analyses have been performed, highlighting very good densification but unfortunately mechanical cracking.
Comment on essd-2022-54

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract. Plant litter decomposition in terrestrial ecosystems involves the physical and chemical breakdown of organic matter. Development of databases is a promising tool for achieving a predictive understanding of organic matter degradation at regional and global scales. In this paper, we present aridec, a comprehensive open database containing litter mass loss data from aridlands across the world. We describe in detail the structure of the database and discuss general patterns in the data. Then, we explore what are the most appropriate model structures to integrate with data on litter decomposition from the database by conducting a collinearity analysis. The database includes 184 entries from aridlands across the world, representing a wide range of climates. For the majority of the data gathered in aridec, it is possible to fit models of litter decomposition that consider initial organic matter as a homogenous reservoir (one pool models), as well as models with two distinct types of organic compounds that decompose at different speeds (two pool models). Moreover, these two carbon pools can either decompose without interaction (parallel models) or with matter transfer from a labile pool to a slowly decomposing pool after transformation (series models). Although most entries in the database can be used to fit these models, we suggest that potential users of this database test identifiability for each individual case as well as the number of degrees of freedom. Other model applications that are not discussed in this publication might also be suitable for use with this database. Lastly, we give some recommendations for future decomposition studies to be potentially added to this database. The extent of the information included in aridec in addition to its open-science approach makes it a great platform for future collaborative efforts in the field of aridland biogeochemistry. The aridec version 1.0.2 is archived and publicly available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6600345 (Sarquis et al., 2022), and the database is managed under a version-controlled system and centrally stored in GitHub (https://github.com/AgustinSarquis/aridec, last access: 31Â MayÂ 2022).
[Image of the month. "Non-bacterial" thrombotic endocarditis].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Neuromuscular imagery (NMI) of the future significantly extends the possibilities of nerve and muscle disorders investigation. It emphasizes some technical limitations inherent to electroneuromyography (ENMG) at the beginning of the 21st century, but also shows some progress that could have already been made to improve the quality of examination, as well as its comfort. In return, the history of these techniques points out a misunderstanding, by which electrodiagnosis and functional NMI have been asked to show morphological lesions, whereas their basic role is to highlight functional abnormalities that could account for patient complaints. Analysis of some frequent misinterpretations indicates that the functional point of view of ENMG and NMI requires to follow a suitable terminology, related to the anatomo-clinic one, but distinct from it. On the other hand, the example of purely functional abnormalities, like neuromuscular block, nerve conduction block and muscle excitability block, suggests that all electrophysiological abnormalities should be understood as membrane dysfunctions, before wondering whether they occur alone or accompanied with histological lesions. According to this specific point of view, the missions of present ENMG and future NMI are firstly to give patients an explanation of their complaints in terms of functional abnormalities, and secondly to try to bind these abnormalities to pathophysiological mechanisms defined at an anatomic level or at a molecular level.
PENYUSUNAN STANDAR PELAYANAN MINIMAL JALAN NASIONAL

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Road infrastructure is one component of land transportation and has an important role for the movement of people and goods and regional development. In its implementation, a minimum service standard is needed to ensure the level of service expected road users. In this study, the process of preparing minimum service standards for national roads was discussed. The preparation is carried out through several stages so as to produce a list of indicators and parameters that can be implemented for national roads in Indonesia. The list of indicators and parameters was obtained through collecting data from previous studies, regulations, best practices on the implementation of minimum service standards in other countries, as well as discussions with road operators, academics, and road users. The list of indicators and parameters is then validated by distributing questionnaires back to road operators, academics, and road users to be assessed quantitatively on the level of importance and ease of implementation. Data from respondents were then analyzed using quadrant analysis to obtain priority indicators and parameters proposed to be used in minimum service standards of national roads. Keywords: road infrastructure, national roads, minimum service standards, level of service Abstrak Infrastruktur jalan merupakan salah satu komponen dalam penyelenggaraan transportasi darat dan memiliki peranan penting untuk pergerakan orang dan barang serta pengembangan wilayah. Dalam penyelenggaraannya, diperlukan suatu standar pelayanan minimal untuk menjamin tingkat pelayanan yang diharapkan oleh pengguna jalan. Pada kajian ini dibahas proses penyusunan standar pelayanan minimal untuk jalan nasional nontol. Penyu-sunan dilakukan melalui beberapa tahapan sehingga menghasilkan daftar indikator dan parameter yang dapat diimplementasikan untuk jalan nasional di Indonesia. Daftar indikator dan parameter tersebut diperoleh melalui pengumpulan data dari studi terdahulu, peraturan, best practice penerapan standar pelayanan minimal di negara lain, serta diskusi dengan penyelenggara jalan, akademisi, dan pengguna jalan. Daftar indikator dan parameter tersebut kemudian divalidasi dengan penyebaran kuesioner kembali ke penyelenggara jalan, akademisi, dan pengguna jalan untuk dinilai secara kuantitatif tingkat kepentingan dan kemudahan implementasinya. Data dari responden kemudian dianalisis menggunakan analisis kuadran untuk mendapatkan indikator dan parameter prioritas yang diusulkan untuk digunakan dalam standar pelayan minimal jalan nasional nontol. Kata-kata kunci: infrastruktur jalan, jalan nasional, standar pelayanan minimal, tingkat pelayanan
Gene flow in selected swiss crops and related weeds, risk assessment for the field release of GMO’s in Switzerland: case of wheat and oilseed rape

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Possible gene flow between Triticum œstivum L. (wheat), T. spelta L. (spelt) and Aegilops cylindrica Host., as well as between Brassica napus L. ssp napus (oilseed rape) and Raphanus raphanistrum L. is studied in order to evaluate the risks of cultivation of transgenic crops in Switzerland. It is known that wheat and Aegilops, as well as oilseed rape and R. raphanistrum can hybridise, and the gene escape from cultivated species to the wild is possible.
Potential Role of Resident Islet Macrophage Activation in the Initiation of Autoimmune Diabetes

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of resident islet macrophage activation on β cell function. Treatment of freshly isolated rat islets with TNF-α and LPS results in a potent inhibition of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. The inhibitory actions of TNF + LPS are mediated by the intraislet production and release of IL-1 followed by IL-1-induced inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression by β cells. The IL-1R antagonist protein completely prevents TNF + LPS-induced nitrite production, iNOS expression and the inhibitory effects on glucose-stimulated insulin secretion by rat islets. Resident macrophages appear to be the source of IL-1, as a 7-day culture of rat islets at 24°C (conditions known to deplete islets of lymphoid cells) prevents TNF + LPS-induced iNOS expression, nitrite production, and the inhibitory effects on insulin secretion. In addition, macrophage depletion also inhibits TNF + LPS-induced IL-1α and IL-1β mRNA expression in rat islets. Immunocytochemical colocalization of IL-1β with the macrophage-specific marker ED1 was used to provide direct support for resident macrophages as the islet cellular source of IL-1. IL-1β appears to mediate the inhibitory actions of TNF + LPS on β cell function as TNF + LPS-induced expression of IL-1β is fourfold higher than IL-1α, and Ab neutralization of IL-1β prevents TNF + LPS-induced nitrite production by rat islets. These findings support a mechanism by which the activation of resident islet macrophages and the intraislet release of IL-1 may mediate the initial dysfunction and destruction of β cells during the development of autoimmune diabetes.
[Production of GHR double-allelic knockout Bama pig by TALENs and handmade cloning].

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

DNA editing techniques for targeted genome modification have witnessed remarkable advances and been widely used in various organisms. However, traditional gene targeting and cloning method has been shown to be low efficient, time-consuming and expensive for generating knockout animals, especially for big animals. Here we report the generation of site-specific genome modified pig with the newly developed artificially engineered sequence-specific endonucleases (transcription activator-like effector nuclease, TALENs) and handmade cloning (HMC) methods. First, we constructed the porcine GHR-knockout vector according to TALENs kit protocol. To obtain the nuclear donor, the fetal fibroblast cell of Bama (BM) pig were transfected with GHR-knockout vector in G418 selection medium. We collected 173 cell for further positive identification which showed that 46.2% (78/173) of the clones were GHR-knockout cell strains. We chose one bi-allelic knockout cell strain as nuclear donor to produce reconstructed embryos by HMC. It was shown that the blastocyst rate was 43.5% at the 6(th) day in vitro, then 654 HMC-blastocysts were transplanted to uterus of six recipient sows. Finally, a total of 10 live offspring were delivered including 7 bi-allelic knockout piglets. Fibroblasts were obtained from ear biopsies for GHR knockout detection. The body weight of the piglets was measured consecutively, and it was found that the GHR(-)(/)(-) pigs were only 50% smaller than that of the controls at the 20(th) week. In conclusion, our results indicate that TALENs and HMC technology can rapidly and efficiently produce knockout animals for agricultural and biomedical research.
Circulating levels of angiotensin 1 measured by radioimmunoassay in hypertensive subjects. [/sup 125/I tracer technique]

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The development of a uniquely sensitive and specific antiserum to Al has led to the establishment of a radioimmunoassay capable of detecting 7.5 pg of Al per millimeter of plasma. Due to its sensitivity this assay permits the measurement of circulating levels of Al, obviating many of the controversial aspects of previously described Al assays which all required either an incubation step at 37/sup 0/ C to allow renin to catalyze the formation of sufficient Al or an extraction procedure to concentrate sufficient peptide to make quantification feasible. Since the sensitivity of this assay also depends upon the availability of very pure trace, a method is described for preparing monoiodinated /sup 125/I-Al of specific activity greater than 1000 ..mu..Ci/..mu..g. To demonstrate the versatility and sensitivity of this assay, changes in circulating Al levels in response to physiologic stimuli were measured. Blood samples were obtained from 88 subjects from the inferior vena cava below the renal veins in both the supine and upright positions. Values ranged from 12 to 1990 pg/ml of plasma. Eighty-five of the 88 displayed a rise in the Al level during an upright tilt, the mean for the group increasing from 220 to 385 pg/ml of plasma.more » Three subjects had samples drawn simultaneously from the inferior vena cava and a peripheral artery and/or vein. The amounts of Al in all three sampling locations were essentially the same. Seventeen patients with essential hypertension underwent an infusion of 1.5 L of normal saline, and circulating Al levels were determined before and 120 and 150 min after the start of the infusion.All 17 experienced suppression of their Al levels, the mean for the group at 0, 120 and 150 min being 177, 55, and 50 pg/ml of plasma, respectively. Circulating Al correlated well (r = 0.87009) with plasma renin activity in 226 samples from the renal veins and inferior vena cava from individuals with hypertension of various etiologies.« less