jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The genetic architecture necessary for transgressive segregation is common in both natural and domesticated populations

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Segregating hybrids often exhibit phenotypes that are extreme or novel relative to the parental lines. This phenomenon is referred to as transgressive segregation, and it provides a mechanism by which hybridization might contribute to adaptive evolution. Genetic studies indicate that transgressive segregation typically results from recombination between parental taxa that possess quantitative trait loci (QTLs) with antagonistic effects (i.e. QTLs with effects that are in the opposite direction to parental differences for those traits). To assess whether this genetic architecture is common, we tabulated the direction of allelic effects for 3252 QTLs from 749 traits and 96 studies. Most traits (63.6%) had at least one antagonistic QTL, indicating that the genetic substrate for transgressive segregation is common. Plants had significantly more antagonistic QTLs than animals, which agrees with previous reports that transgressive segregation is more common in plants than in animals. Likewise, antagonistic QTLs were more frequent in intra– than in interspecific crosses and in morphological than in physiological traits. These results indicate that transgressive segregation provides a general mechanism for the production of extreme phenotypes at both above and below the species level and testify to the possible creative part of hybridization in adaptive evolution and speciation.
High electron mobility in the selectively doped heterostructures grown by normal pressure metalorganic chemical vapor deposition

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructure selectively doped with Si was grown in a conventional normal pressure metalorganic chemical vapor deposition using trimethyl metals and arsine. Mobility of the two-dimensional electron gas as high as 8100, 148 000, and 401 000 cm2/V s was obtained at 300, 77, and 5 K, respectively, for a sample with an undoped Al0.3Ga0.7As spacer layer of 100 Å and with a sheet electron density of about 5×1011 cm−2. The heterostructure with the spacer layer thinner than 100 Å shows high mobility comparable to the best values obtained by molecular-beam epitaxy. The influence of growth parameters on the electron mobility in the heterostructure is described in detail.
Mentoring and Trust in High-Risk Scientific Professions

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Mentoring is an essential step in the learning process for many professions. In medicine, mentoring and working as an apprentice is vital to the education of future physicians. In other vocations, such as field biology, mentors help trainees learn how to navigate potentially dangerous situations, such as obtaining data on deadly animals. When lives are potentially at stake, are special mentoring skills required? The qualities of a good mentor and the benefits of mentoring have been explored by others. The question for this chapter is whether there are certain qualities that mentors bring to potentially life-threatening situations that help build trust and ensure the safety of all involved. The authors will explore this topic through the lens of their experiences and literature review. They each work in a field where trust in mentoring is vital. How does trust work in these situations and what can happen if a trainee and mentor do not trust or overly trust each other? As mentors and mentees walk the tightrope of these high-risk situations, how do they keep everyone safe?
The reasons and aims for listening to music while going to sleep: results from an ESM study

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Current trends in music research are emphasising the importance of contextual factors in the use and effects of listening to music, such as mood, situation, and emotional goals. This undoubtedly has implications for the use of music in therapeutic settings, such as helping with problems going to sleep. Using data previously collected in experience sampling studies, we conducted an exploratory investigation on the choices and reasons why people listen to music to go to sleep with accounts reported in real-life situations at night when participants were going to bed. We found that listeners mainly used music for relaxation, which corresponded with increased valence, varying arousal changes, and relatively intensive and energetic music choices. This novel perspective echoes some previously reported discrepancies in what listeners use and what researchers or commercial applications typically prescribe as music for sleep. The data add granular information on emotional aims and development in context, and particularly highlight the relevance of valence. This initial exploration demonstrates the strong potential for this methodology to study sleep and listening behaviours. One particular avenue for future research is to investigate night-to-night variations in individual experiences.
Reproductive periodicity of sea cucumber Bohadschia vitiensis (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) in Hurghada area, Red Sea, Egypt

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A small scale sea cucumber fishery began in Egypt in 1998 on the northern part of Red Sea coast fig. (1). By the year 2000, its fishery had expanded dramatically, leading to over exploitation. Evidence from previous study [1] indicates that four years after banning sea cucumber fishery in Egyptian Red Sea, some commercial species are returning to some of the sites, but there is no evidence of stock recovery. B. vitiensis was studied during 2003-2004 and a population analysis of 417 individuals showed significant abundance of males. Reproductive studies showed also that during June and July an intensive period of spawning occurred with size at 1st maturity of 24.5 and 26.1 cm for males and females respectively. The oocyte diameter of ripe females ranged from 87.5 to 162.5 µm during active spawning period.
Hardware Simulator for Frequency-Watt Control in Smart Inverters

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents a hardware simulator for a Frequency-Watt control in smart inverters. The power plant generator rotates at a constant speed, which is related to the frequency of the grid. The frequency of the grid is determined by the balance of power generation and power consumption. In addition, frequency fluctuations occur due to sudden changes in load or accidents. To reduce fluctuations and improve stability of grid system, the Frequency-Watt control in smart inverters was introduced. The PLL (Phase Locked Loop) control in various situations is important for grid-connected inverter to detect grid frequency. The real power limit of the smart inverter is controlled by the detected frequency to support grid stabilization. In this paper, the development of a hardware simulator for the Frequency-Watt control in smart inverters using three-level topology is introduced. The validity and performance of the proposed hardware simulator and its control strategies are demonstrated by various experimental results.
The physical environment around IRAS 17599-2148: infrared dark cloud and bipolar nebula

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We present a multi-scale and multi-wavelength study to investigate the star formation process around IRAS 17599$-$2148 that is part of an elongated filamentary structure (EFS) (extension $\sim$21 pc) seen in the {\it Herschel} maps. Using the {\it Herschel} data analysis, at least six massive clumps (M$_{clump}$ $\sim$777 -- 7024 M$_{\odot}$) are found in the EFS with a range of temperature and column density of $\sim$16--39~K and $\sim$0.6--11~$\times$~10$^{22}$ cm$^{-2}$ (A$_{V}$ $\sim$7--117 mag), respectively. The EFS hosts cold gas regions (i.e. infrared dark cloud) without any radio detection and a bipolar nebula (BN) linked with the H\,{\sc ii} region IRAS 17599$-$2148, tracing two distinct environments inferred through the temperature distribution and ionized emission. Based on virial analysis and higher values of self-gravitating pressure, the clumps are found unstable against gravitational collapse. We find 474 young stellar objects (YSOs) in the selected region and $\sim$72\% of these YSOs are found in the clusters distributed mainly toward the clumps in the EFS. These YSOs might have spontaneously formed due to processes not related to the expanding H\,{\sc ii} region. At the edges of BN, four additional clumps are also associated with YSOs clusters, which appear to be influenced by the expanding H\,{\sc ii} region. The most massive clump in the EFS contains two compact radio sources traced in the GMRT 1.28 GHz map and a massive protostar candidate, IRS~1 prior to an ultracompact H\,{\sc ii} phase. Using the VLT/NACO near-infrared images, IRS~1 is resolved with a jet-like feature within a 4200~AU scale.
Diffusion of zinc in praseodymium

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The thin-layer lathe-sectioning technique has been used to measure the solute diffusivities of zinc in b.c.c. and double-h.c.p. praseodymium. The diffusivities in the b.c.c. phase can be expressed by and in the double-h.c.p. phase by The diffusion behaviour of zinc is similar to that of previously studied noble metal solutes. These solutes are believed to diffuse by means of the combined substitutional-interstitial diffusion mechanism. It is therefore suggested that zinc is partly dissolved as interstitials in the praseodymium matrix.
In vitro antimicrobial activity of ethanolic seeds extract of Nigella sativa (Linn) in Sudan

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Nigella sativa Lin. (family- Ranunculaceae) is a widely used medicinal plant globally and popular in various Indigenous system of medicines. The seeds are used as astringent, stimulant, diuretics and anthelmintic traditionally. They are also useful for treating jaundice, intermittent fever, dyspepsia, paralysis, piles and skin disorders. The ethanolic extracts of N. sativa (seeds) were tested against four standard bacteria, that is, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and against two standard fungi species, that is,. Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans using the agar plate diffusion method. The ethanolic extracts of N. sativa (seeds) exhibited inhibitory effects against most of the tested organisms with the zone of inhibition ranging from 18 to 32 mm in length. The largest inhibition zone in the case of bacteria was obtained for against bacteria E. coli (32 mm) while in case of fungi highest inhibition was observed against Apergillus niger (25 mm). Thus, it can be concluded from the present study that N. sativa possess both antibacterial as well as antifungal activity. Key words: In vitro, antimicrobial activity, Nigella sativa (seeds), Sudan.
The Manchester scheme for training overseas psychiatrists

Field: Nursing (Health Sciences)

There was a time when overseas psychiatrists considered themselves fortunate to come to this country to be an assistant in one of the well-known postgraduate departments. If they showed perseverance they could learn enough to obtain an English postgraduate qualification, and they could participate in the training of English psychiatrists. The more entrepreneurial of them could obtain full-time jobs in psychiatry, but otherwise hands on experience of patient care was limited.
Urokinase Treatment for Severe Neurological Complications in a Patient with Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In a patient with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) severe neurological complications leading to coma were repeatedly reversed by treatment with urokinase. Although the therapeutic modalities for TTP still appear to be a matter of debate, thrombolytic treatment could be considered in TTP patients with severe organ involvement before the corresponding function is completely compromised.
DILTIAZEM HCL MICROCAPSULES USING ETHYL CELLULOSE ETHER DERIVATIVE POLYMER AS RELEASE RETARDING AGENT: IN-VITRO CHAPTER

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

This study presents sustained releasemicroencapsulation of Diltiazem HCL. Its in-vitro dissolution study in phosphate buffer pH 7.4 as dissolution medium and in vivo behaviour in animal subjects. The microcapsules were prepared using polymers Ethocel 7P and Ethocel 7FP at two different drug to polymer (D: P) ratios i.e. 1:5 and 1:10 and the effect of concentration was observed on drug release behaviour. The prepared microcapsules were evaluated for different physical characteristics i.e. Bulk density, Tap density, Compressibility index, Hausner’s ratio and Angle of repose. Characterization of the developed microcapsules was carried out using Differential Scanning Calorimetery and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy while Scanning Electron Microscopy was performed to observe the morphology of the microcapsules. Model dependent and in dependent approaches were used to find out the drug transport mechanism and to compare the drug release profiles with standard formulation respectively. All the formulations show anomalous, non-Fickian diffusion mechanism and the data was best fitted in Korsmeyer’sPeppas equation. While carrying out in vivo studies, simple and rapid HPLC methods were developed which revealed optimum serum concentration (Cmax) levels for the developed microcapsules predicting least chances of side or adverse effects.
(WA) 0822-4602-4567 Karangan Bunga HUT Polres Tni Korem Tapanuli Tengah Sumut

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

0822-4602-4567 (KIRIM), Kirim Bunga Ucapan Hut Polres Tni Korem Kodim Tapanuli Tengah Sumatera Utara\n\nLangsung Kirim Bunga Ucapan Hut Polres Tni Korem Kodim PT Tbk Bhayangkara Bhayangkari Tapanuli Tengah Sumatera Utara, Kirim Bunga Ucapan Hut Polres Tni Korem Kodim Datarnangka, Kirim Bunga Ucapan Hut Polres Tni Korem Kodim Gunung Bentang, Kirim Bunga Ucapan Hut Polres Tni Korem Kodim Puncakmanggis, Kirim Bunga Ucapan Hut Polres Tni Korem Kodim Sinar Bentang, Kirim Bunga Ucapan Hut Polres Tni Korem Kodim Sangrawayang, Kirim Bunga Ucapan Hut Polres Tni Korem Kodim Karawang, Kirim Bunga Ucapan Hut Polres Tni Korem Kodim Parungseah\n\nToko Karangan Bunga Papan 24 Jam 0822-4602-4567\n\n\n#KirimBungaUcapanHutTapanuliTengahSumateraUtara, #KirimBungaUcapanHutDatarnangka, #KirimBungaUcapanHutGunungBentang, #KirimBungaUcapanHutPuncakmanggis, #KirimBungaUcapanHutSinarBentang, #KirimBungaUcapanHutSangrawayang, #KirimBungaUcapanHutKarawang, #KirimBungaUcapanHutParungseah\n\n
Coherent Detection Imaging Method Using Lasers. Achievement of Laser CT(Computed Tomography) for Biomedical Applications.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In this paper, we report and discuss the achievment of laser absorption computed tomography of actual in vivo/in vitro biological objects using the Coherent Detection Imaging (CDI) method. This CDI scheme offers the feasible and reliable means for the computer-assisted optical tomographic imaging based on the optical heterodyne technique that has excellent directionality and very high sensitivity. We have experimentally demonstrated the fulfillment of fundamental conditions for the establishment of laser absorption tomography by our novel CDI method in highly scattering and absorptive media such as actual biological tissues and objects. Thus we have realized the tomographic image reconstruction of several biological objects including plant stems, chicken tissue, whole egg, struma specimen and new-born mouse brain employing the projection slice theorem.
Single-stage reconstruction of flexor tendons with vascularized tendon transfers

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The reconstruction of finger flexor tendons with vascularized flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) tendon grafts (flaps) based on the ulnar vessels as a single stage is not a popular technique. We reviewed 40 flexor tendon reconstructions (four flexor pollicis longus and 36 finger flexors) with vascularized FDS tendon grafts in 38 consecutive patients. The donor tendons were transferred based on the ulnar vessels as a single-stage procedure (37 pedicled flaps, three free flaps). Four patients required composite tendon and skin island transfer. Minimum follow-up was 12 months, and functional results were evaluated using a total active range of motion score. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to evaluate the factors that could be associated with the postoperative total active range of motion. The average postoperative total active range of motion (excluding the thumbs) was 178.05° (SD 50°). The total active range of motion was significantly lower for patients who were reconstructed with free flaps and for those who required composite tendon and skin island flap. Age, right or left hand, donor/motor tendon and pulley reconstruction had no linear effect on total active range of motion. Overall results were comparable with a published series on staged tendon grafting but with a lower complication rate. Vascularized pedicled tendon grafts/flaps are useful in the reconstruction of defects of finger flexor tendons in a single stage, although its role in the reconstructive armamentarium remains to be clearly established.
A macroscopic traffic model for traffic flow harmonization

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Traffic flow will harmonize to forward conditions. The time and distance required for harmonization can have a significant effect on the traffic density behavior. The flow can evolve into clusters of vehicles or become uniform depending on parameters such as safe time headway and safe distance headway. In this paper, a new model is presented to provide a realistic characterization of traffic behavior during the harmonization period. Results are presented for a discontinuous density distribution on a circular road which shows that this model produces more realistic traffic behavior than other models in the literature.
An atypical manifestation of a common familiar tumour: the unforeseen occurrence of osteochondroma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A solitary osteochondroma in the lesser trochanter is an exceedingly rare occurrence. The nature of osteochondromas as benign osteocartilaginous tumours is typically regarded as a developmental anomaly rather than a neoplastic condition. Patients afflicted with this condition may experience a range of symptoms dependent upon the size of the tumour, with limited range of motion being a common manifestation. The present case study pertains to a distinctive instance of a benign solitary osteochondroma of the lesser trochanter, which was diagnosed and treated through an excisional biopsy using a Hardinge approach.
Problematising the making of good and evil: Gangs and PAGAD

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Abstract In late 1995 a movement emerged from the Cape Flats called the People Against Gangsterism and Drugs (PAGAD). It emerged from neighbourhood watch groups and although it claimed a diverse support base, it had an overwhelmingly Muslim face. Its stated aims were to remove gangsters and end the sale of drugs in communities on the Cape Flats. The dramatic killing of one of Cape Town's most notorious gang leaders by a group of PAGAD supporters immediately catapulted this organisation, and the presence of gangs, into the public space. This paper is an attempt to problematise representations, of both PAGAD and gangs, in the media and academic studies that had been done thus far. It seemed to me that the representations and studies were based on a set of politico-philosophical assumptions that led to the generic categorisations of these phenomena. From these categorisations derivative discourses offering programmatic solutions arise. The argument of this paper is that, firstly, the identity of the gangster in Cape Town — as derivative of poverty, as anti-social, as a result of the Group Areas Act — and that of PAGAD — as representative of a homogenous Islam and as the local incarnation of a global ‘Islamic threat’ — obscures their particularity and specificity. I argue that a richer grasp of their constitutive dynamics will be obtained if we explore their identities as non-static ‘processes’. These processes involve locating identity formation within the interface of globality and locality: the symbolic borderlands of contingency, which bring to the fore constitutive conditions of ambiguity and hybridity. The paper is an argument in three movements. Firstly, I explore the relationship between globalisation and culture and between the local and global, which informs my argument. The paper thereafter takes as its focus the ‘construction’ of the gangster in Cape Town. The third part of the paper problematises the ‘construction’ of PAGAD that has emerged. Additional informationNotes on contributorsSuren PillaySuren Pillay 〈sp777@columbia.edu〉 teaches in the Department of Political Studies, University of the Western Cape. He is currently pursuing his PhD at Columbia University, New York.
Dietary Intake of Chinese Lactating Women Is Associated with the Fatty Acid Profile of Their Milk

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

INTRODUCTION: The present study aimed to explore the relationship between the dietary intake and the human milk (HM) fatty acid (FA) profile of Chinese lactating women. METHODS: HM samples and food records were obtained from 122 Chinese women over 5 visits between 0 and 51 days postpartum. Adjusted multiple regression was performed to explore associations between maternal dietary intakes of energy, macronutrients, FAs and foods, and the HM FA profile. Analyses were performed separately for colostrum and mature milk. RESULTS: Dietary intakes of total polyunsaturated FAs (PUFAs), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid were positively associated with the HM contents of PUFAs, omega-6 (n-6) PUFAs, and linoleic acid (LA), and the intakes of n-3 PUFAs and α-linolenic acid (ALA) were negatively associated with saturated FA levels in HM. Associations were stronger for mature milk. Intakes of milk/dairy, meat/poultry, and eggs were negatively associated with n-6 PUFAs, LA, and EPA in mature milk, whereas the opposite was seen for fish/shrimp. Positive associations were also found between fish/shrimp and total and n-3 PUFAs in mature milk. CONCLUSION: The HM FA profile of Chinese women is associated with their diet, and in particular with their FA intake. Tailored nutritional advice based on HM FA composition may optimize HM FA profile and thereby contribute to healthy infant development.
SPECTERS OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY: Charles Taylor and the Problem of Historicism

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

ABSTRACT This paper identifies and analyzes the problem of historicism in Charles Taylor's work overall, but with particular emphasis on his most recent publication, A Secular Age. I circumscribe the problem of historicism through reference to the nineteenth‐century German philosophical tradition in which it developed, in particular in the thought of Wilhelm Dilthey. I then trace the structural similarities between the notions of history to be found in the thought of Taylor and Dilthey and how these structural similarities raise worries associated with the problem of historicism. I argue that the structural aporia of historicism evident in Taylor's work brings to light a live philosophical problem that is basic to theoretical debates in the study religion.