jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Study of ~1 HMRS in Diagnosis of Astrocytoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To assess the value of ~1 HMRS in the classification and differential diagnosis of astrocytoma. Methods 58 cases of astrocytoma including 18 cases of diffuse astrocytoma, 24 cases of anaplastic astrocytoma and 16 cases of glioblastoma were all examined by routine MR scan and ~1 HMRS, statistical analysis was done on Cho/Cr, Cho/NAA and NAA/Cr ratio. Results Diffuse astrocytoma showed slightly elevated Cho, a bit decreased NAA and Cr. Lac wave did not appear. Anaplastic astrocytoma and glioblastoma both manifested distinctly elevated Cho, obviously decreased NAA and Cr. Lac wave existed in 6 cases. In diffuse astrocytoma the ratio of Cho/NAA was 2.72±1.16, Cho/Cr was 2.66±1.21, NAA/Cr was 1.02±0.34. In anaplastic astrocytoma the ratio of Cho/NAA was 5.69±1.32, Cho/Cr was 4.92±1.46, NAA/Cr was 0.92±0.16. In glioblastoma the value of Cho/NAA was 5.71±1.08, Cho/Cr was 5.12±1.76, NAA/Cr was 0.87±0.13.Conclusion It is very significant of ~1 HMRS in the classification and differential diagnosis of astrocytoma.
IL‐1β inhibits cGMP signaling enzyme expression in perinatal fibroblasts via NF‐κB signaling

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Lung injury causes important morbidity and mortality in newborns by disrupting pulmonary vascular function and alveolar development. Recent evidence suggests that IL‐1β signaling plays a primary role in the pathogenesis of newborn lung disease. But the mechanisms are incompletely understood. Previously we showed that nitric oxide (NO) and cGMP signaling regulate pulmonary blood flow and development in newborns. Furthermore, we determined that disruption of cGMP signaling during newborn lung injury accentuates pulmonary disease. Accordingly, here we determined whether IL‐1β inhibits cGMP signaling in the newborn lung. We used a human fetal lung fibroblast cell line (IMR‐90 cells) and primary mouse pup lung fibroblasts to test whether IL‐1β down‐regulates the expression of soluble guanylate cyclase α1 subunit (sGCα1). This is because fibroblasts have an important role in regulating newborn lung function and alveolar development and sGCα1 is a prime initiator of cGMP signaling upon NO stimulation. We determined that physiologic levels of recombinant IL‐1β rapidly decreased sGCα1 mRNA expression in the IMR‐90 cells and protein levels in the primary lung fibroblasts. This inhibition of sGCα1 expression appeared to be at a transcriptional level. This is because IL‐1β treatment did not further decrease sGCα1 mRNA levels in the fetal lung fibroblasts treated with actinomycin D. TGFβ‐activated kinase 1 (TAK1) was determined to mediate IL‐1β’s regulation of sGCα1 expression; TAK1 knock‐down protected sGCα1 mRNA expression in IL‐1β‐treated IMR‐90 cells. Moreover, heterologous expression of TAK1 in these cells revealed that this kinase is sufficient to decrease sGCα1 mRNA levels. Nuclear factor‐kappaB (NF‐κB) signaling played a critical role in the IL‐1β‐TAK1‐sGCα1 regulatory pathway; NF‐κB signaling inhibition by an IKK2 inhibitor PHA‐408 was determined to protect sGCα1 mRNA and protein expression in IL‐1β‐treated perinatal lung fibroblasts. Lastly, using tissue samples and soluble proteins obtained from transgenic mice in which active IL‐1β was conditionally expressed in lung epithelial cells, we established that IL‐1β expression is sufficient to stimulate TAK1 activation and decrease sGCα1 protein expression in the newborn lung. Together these results indicate that IL‐1β has a direct role in decreasing cGMP signaling in the newborn lung. We speculate that targeting IL‐1β and NF‐κB signaling might protect cGMP signaling in injured newborn lungs. Support or Funding Information NIH HL096779 and HL147863 and the Swedish Government’s Grants for Medical Research supported this work.
Long-term associative issue ownership change: a panel study in Belgium

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Issue ownership has gained a prominent position as one of the key theories to understand how voter's issue perceptions affect their electoral behavior. Yet, whereas the original theory assumed that party reputations were relatively stable, various studies have shown that issue ownership perceptions fluctuate over time. Despite the growing evidence that ownership perceptions are dynamic, we know surprisingly little about the determinants of change, especially at the individual level. This paper develops an individual-level framework to understand how issue ownership perceptions change over time, arguing that mediated party communication is a key driver of change. It also incorporates individual features of voters, most notably their political predispositions – as determinants of changing issue ownership perceptions. We test our model on unique longitudinal panel data from Belgium, spanning a five-year period. The results suggest that party communications, government participation, party size and voter's party preferences determine changes in ownership perceptions.
Using radiation hybrids to generate region-specific markers for human chromosome 9

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The production of sequence tagged sites and polymorphic markers is an important step in generating a physical map of the human genome and identifying loci involved in genetic diseases. Our work involves the physical mapping of the short arm of human chromosome 9, the site of at least one tumor supressor gene, as well as the locus involved in cartilage hair hypoplasia. Our goal is to increase the number of markers available for 9p, using a panel of radiation hybrids we have constructed and characterized. The hybrids were generated from a monochromosomal hybrid that contains human chromosome 9 marked with a retroviral vector. Radiation hybrids were produced that contain overlapping regions of the chromosome surrounding the site of retroviral integration. In order to generate markers specific for the short arm, Alu-PCR products from a radiation hybrid containing only 9p were cloned. Clones were mapped back to a subpanel of hybrids and grouped into intervals. By using a hybrid subpanel containing overlapping portions 9p, we are able to identify clones from defined regions. DNA from the clones was sequenced and this information used to generate sequence tagged sites. We have also developed a number of new polymorphic markers, taking advantage of more » the high degree of polymorphism of the 3{prime} end of each Alu sequence. For each polymorphic marker, a specific primer was designed from the cloned DNA and then paired with an Alu primer. These primer pairs were used to amplify DNA from unrelated individuals, in order to identify primer sets that detect useful polymorphisms. Both the STS and polymorphic markers will be extremely useful in the construction of a physical map of chromosome 9, and in the identification of genes on the short arm of the chromosome. « less
Memory within a complex information processing model of autism

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Clinical neuropsychologists have often commented that sometimes a memory problem is not a problem with memory. The implication of this remark is that what appears to be a difficulty with remembering is actually the result of a deficit in some other domain of cognitive functioning, influencing memory only indirectly. Our studies of the profile of neuropsychological functioning in autism have provided evidence of multiple primary coexisting deficits with one of the affected cognitive processes being memory (Minshew, Goldstein & Siegel, 1997; Williams, Goldstein & Minshew, 2006a). Over the past fifteen years, we have performed comprehensive studies of memory functioning in over 100 children, adolescents and adults, all of whom met Autism Diagnostic Interview (ADI & ADI-Revised, Le Couteur et al., 1989; Lord, Rutter & Le Couteur, 1994), Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS; Lord et al., 1989, 1999), and expert opinion criteria for autistic disorder (AD), including onset prior to age 3 years. The lower limit of Full-Scale and Verbal IQ scores varied between 70 and 80 depending on the study. The results of this research have led us to conclude that the memory impairment is universal across participants with high-functioning autism (HFA), but is selective in that it does not involve all aspects of memory functioning. The memory processes in HFA are differentially affected by domain, demands of the memory task, and the cognitive abilities of the individual.
Detection and Quantitation of Bacterial Acylhomoserine Lactone Quorum Sensing Molecules via Liquid Chromatography–Isotope Dilution Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A range of acylhomoserine lactones (AHLs) are used as intraspecies quorum sensing signals by Gram-negative bacteria, and the detection and quantitation of these molecules is of interest. This manuscript reports a liquid chromatographic-isotope dilution tandem mass spectrometric method for the quantitation of these molecules. A divergent solid-phase synthesis of stable-isotope-labeled AHLs suitable for use as an internal standard is reported. This route relies on the biomimetic conversion of a dideuterated methionine equivalent, N-Fmoc-(4,4-(2)H(2))methionine, to the desired labeled AHL, and a representative series of eight of these molecules was produced in >95% purity and yields up to ~50%. The representative AHL internal standards were then used to develop an optimized liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric (LC-MS/MS) separation and detection protocol for these molecules, which relies on a high-efficiency C18 core-shell column to minimize the time necessary for separation. The addition of internal standards at different steps during sampling was also found to affect the analysis for hydrophobic AHLs with addition prior to cell removal giving the most accurate results. Taken together, the use of the internal standards and separation method reported herein provides a rapid and quantitative method for the study of AHL production in bacteria.
Comparison of Phytochemical Content and Antifungal Activity of Bajakah Tampala Stem (Spatholobus Littoralis Hassk.) Methanol and Ethanol Extracts Against Candida Albicans

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Introduction: Candida albicans causes the second most frequent vaginal infection, vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC). Bajakah Tampala is a natural plant of Kalimantan that has the potential to be used as a traditional remedy for various diseases. This study aims to determine the phytochemical content and antifungal potential of methanol and ethanol Bajakah Tampala stem extract against the growth of Candida albicans. Methods: Flavonoids, tannin, phenol, and saponin were identified through qualitative analysis of the phytochemical content. Different concentration of Bajakah Tampala methanol and ethanol extract (1.56%, 3.175%, 6.25%, 12.5%, 25%, 50%, and 100%) was tested for antifungal potency using dilution method. The extract that could inhibit the growth of Candida albicans colonies was continued with the concentration density (35%, 37.5%, 40%, 42.5%, 45%, 47.5%, and 50%) in order to determine the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Killing Concentration (MKC) by counting the number of colonies. Results: The methanol extract of Bajakah Tampala contains flavonoids, tannins, phenol, and saponin. In contrast, no flavonoids were detected in the ethanol extract. Candida albicans colonies were not inhibited by concentrations of 1.56%, 3.125%, 6.25%, 12.5%, and 25% in ethanol and methanol extracts, respectively. At concentrations of 50% and 100%, methanol extract inhibits colony growth, but ethanol extract is still growing. The antifungal activity of methanol extract showed a MIC of 35% and a MKC of 47.5%, as measured by its concentration density. Conclusion: Flavonoids are present in the Bajakah Tampala methanol extract, which inhibits and kills the growth of Candida albicans but not ethanol.
Enhanced ambient storage stability of an entomopathogenic nematode through anhydrobiosis

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Limited shelf-life is a major obstacle to large-scale use of entomopathogenic nematodes in biological control. Recently, the development of a water-dispersible granular formulation (WG) containing entomopathogenic nematodes was described. This paper reports that storage stability of Steinernema carpocapsae Weiser infective juveniles at 25 °C is enhanced from three to six months in this WG. It is also demonstrated that the enhanced stability is achieved through the induction of partial anhydrobiosis that reduces oxygen and lipid reserve utilization by infective juveniles. Nematode infectivity is unaffected during storage under partial anhydrobiosis in the WG formulation. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry
INTERSPEECH 2010 Decision Tree State Clustering with Word and Syllable Features

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In large vocabulary continuous speech recognition, decision trees are widely used to cluster triphone states. In addition to commonly used phonetically based questions, others have proposed additional questions such as phone position within word or syllable. This paper examines using the word or syllable context itself as a feature in the decision tree, providing an elegant way of introducing word- or syllable-specific models into the system. Positive results are reported on two state-of-the-art systems: voicemail transcription and a search by voice tasks across avarietyofacousticmodelandtrainingsetsizes. Index Terms: decision tree state clustering, large vocabulary continuous speech recognition, tagged clustering. 1.
Patent Ductus Arteriosus with Pulmonary Endarteritis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We herein report the case of a normal 63-year-old woman whose initial clinical symptom was a continuous fever above 38 degrees Celsius. Upon admission, a physical examination revealed a continuous heart murmur that was audible at the 2nd intercostals space along the left sternal border. Chest computed tomography revealed that vegetation was attached to the pulmonary arterial wall near the orifice of the duct (Picture 1, 2). Transesophageal echocardiography showed a continuous jet from the aortic arch to the pulmonary artery (Picture 3). She was therefore diagnosed with infective endocarditis due to patent ductus arteriosus. Her blood cultures revealed the presence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Surgical management was necessary due to the uncontrollable infection. A mattress suture was placed quickly in order to close the shunt flow via the pulmonary artery. The patient was transferred to the cardiology department at 13 days postoperatively in satisfactory condition without any critical complications. There have thus far been few reports concerning pulmonary endarteritis associated with silent patent ductus arteriosus (1, 2).
EFFECTS OF DIAMINOPROPIONATE, DEOXYADENOSINE, AND THEOPHYLLINE ON STIMULATED FORMATION OF CYCLIC AMP AND GMP BY DEPOLARIZING AGENTS IN SLICES OF GUINEA‐PIG CEREBRAL CORTEX

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract— In incubated slices of guinea‐pig cerebral cortex depolarizing agents such as veratridine and high potassium ions caused 50 to 80‐fold increases of adenosine 3', 5'‐cyclic monophosphate (cyclic AMP) levels and these responses were inhibited about 50% by 2, 3‐diaminopropionate and 2'‐deoxyadenosine: the former is a specific antagonist for glutamate‐elicited accumulation of cyclic AMP and the latter selectively for adenosine‐elicited accumulation. Methylxanthines were powerful ‘inhibitors’toward the responses not only to depolarizing agents but also to glutamate and adenosine. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that releases of both glutamate and adenosine are involved in the depolarization‐elicited increases of cyclic AMP levels. Guanosine 3', 5'‐cyclic monophosphate (cyclic GMP) levels in the slices were also elevated by veratridine as well as by glutamate, but always to a lesser extent (8 ∼ 12 times the control value) than cyclic AMP levels were. The responses for cyclic GMP both to veratridine and glutamate were ‘augmented’by methylxanthines and were not inhibited by 2, 3‐diaminopropionate. Thus, glutamate appears to cause the increase of cyclic GMP levels through a different mechanism or site of action from that for cyclic AMP.
sj-docx-1-prf-10.1177_02676591221095469 – Supplemental material for In vitro hemocompatibility screening of a slippery liquid impregnated surface coating for extracorporeal organ support applications

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-prf-10.1177_02676591221095469 for In vitro hemocompatibility screening of a slippery liquid impregnated surface coating for extracorporeal organ support applications by Teryn R Roberts, Raymond P Seekell, Yanyi Zang, George Harea, Zheng Zhang and Andriy I Batchinsky in Perfusion
Indonesia: An Islamic Banking Giant Awakens

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

AbstractThe following sections are included:IntroductionBanking SectorEarly Islamic BankingIslam in IndonesiaKey Islamic Banking LegislationTaxation of Shari'ah-based ActivitiesFinancial Industry in IndonesiaIslamic BankingSukukTakafulFund ManagementConclusion
Rabbit at the Riverside: Names and Impossible Crossings in Hemingway’s <em>For Whom the Bell Tolls</em>

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Demonstrates through etymological analysis of Jordan’s and Maria’s names and nicknames that Maria embodies the “utopian integration of opposites” into peaceful harmony that Jordan idealistically desires, while he represents the mediation of these opposites. Points to the impossibility of such an integration, solidifying the novel’s message regarding the hopelessness of idealistic aspiration.
A theory of surface enrichment in ordered alloys

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

A very simple theory has been developed to explain experimental data on surface enrichment in Pt3Sn. The computed surface enrichment is in accord with experimental findings. The theory predicts that in the Pt3Sn system enrichment occurs by interchange of atoms of the element with the lower heat of sublimation from the layer just below the surface with atoms of the other element in the surface. Arguments are presented why an experiment performed on Au Cu alloys should be capable of verifying an assumption basic to the theory.
Resultados de laboratorio, del funcionamiento de un prototipo de modulo para saneamiento de aguas servidas

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Based on the waste of water, which is done by the human population, not having an awareness of the importance of water care and that it is a vital element for the entire world population, a module has been generated for the treatment of sewage, where natural resources can be implemented and instantly fulfill a functionality required by the users of a home. Drinking water inherently becomes wastewater, impacting the environment, health and the economy. The groundwater tables from which the water is extracted for human consumption, it is shown that treating wastewater to the environment is simple, practical, economical and easy to use -How to design a module for domestic water that covers the above characteristics? Concepts of traditional, alternative and natural treatment are analyzed. Such as the Hydraulic Retention Time, (HRT), contact surface, path through deflectors, filter with absorbent and adsorbent aggregates, evapotransportation and wetland, which simplified development and propose a treatment system that together with the technical-constructive systems optimize the integral operation, in addition a construction process and its sequence of operation are proposed. As a result, there is a module integrated into the sanitary installation that summarizes the treatment processes proposed in four stages, facilitating the continuity of the water within the artificial and natural hydrological cycles, observing the improvement in the quality of the treated water when the process is at Instantly, the construction process is simple in its execution, with low operating and maintenance costs, the environmental impact is reduced.
Concealing to reveal: The informational role of Islamic dress

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

After the resurgence of headscarves throughout the Muslim world, some women adopted ‘more fundamentalist’ clothing styles, such as full-face veils, or began pietistic social movements. What explains this escalation and increasing diversity of Islamic dress and behavior? This paper analyzes how the spread of headscarves and Islamic dress since the 1970s undermined it as a signal of piety, which is a valuable yet hidden characteristic in many social interactions. As less pious women adopted the headscarf for myriad reasons, pious women adopted increasingly conservative dress and behavior to credibly signal their piety to uninformed observers and improve their marriage prospects. The spread of ‘fundamentalist’ behaviors does not necessarily imply a societal shift in piety, ideology, or support for political Islamists.
Distribution and significance of three subtypes of ER in breast invasive ductal cancers

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective:To evaluate the distribution and significance of the three subtypes of estrogen receptor(ER) in mammary invasive ductal cancer.Methods: Immunohistochemistry was used to detect ERα,ERβ and estrogen(G protein coupled) receptor(GPER) in paraffin-embedded tissues of invasive ductal cancers from 135 patients.The expression of ERs was correlated to clinicopathological variables via Chi-square and t-test.Association analysis was preformed among these three subtypes of ER as well.In addition,mean Nottingham prognostic index was compared by one-way analysis of variance among subgroups of tumor with variable ER phenotype.Results:ERα,ER and GPER were detected in 53.3%,64.7% and 74.8% of these 135 samples respectively.However,there was no significant association among them.ERα expression was correlated to progesterone receptor and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 significantly.While,no statistical association was found between ER,as well as GPER,and anyone of clinicopathological variables detected.Interestingly,the mean Nottingham prognostic index was larger in ERα-ERβ-GPER-tumors comparing to ERα+ERβ+GPER-(P=0.046) and ERα+ER+GPER+(P=0.022) ones in the analysis among subgroups of tumor with different ER phenotype.Conclusions:Any of ERα,ERβ and GPER was widely distributed in invasive ductal cancers.Thus,all of them could be involved in the estrogenic response in breast cancer.Furthermore,ERα,ER and GPER are three independent subtypes of ER and analysis of their phenotype would be essential for the study of estrogenic effects in breast cancers.