jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Impacts of Meteorological Attributes on Agronomic Characteristics of Sunflower Cultivated in the Cerrado

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The sunflower has adaptation for cultivation in Brazilian conditions and the main product is the oil extracted from the seeds. This study aimed to verify the impacts of meteorological attributes on agronomic characteristics of sunflower genotypes cultivated as a second crop, in Mato Grosso, Brazil. The experimental design was randomized complete block design (RCBD), cultivating the two sunflower genotypes, M734 and Hélio, in three years (2009, 2011, 2012) with four replications. The agronomic characteristics evaluated were: plant height, capitulum diameter, weight of a thousand achenes, yield of achenes, oil content and oil yield. Then, water deficit and the maximum crop yield are estimated for correlation analysis between meteorological attributes and agronomic characteristics. In both genotypes studied there was a very strong correlation between plant height with evapotranspiration (r=0.99*) and very strong negative correlation (r=-0.99*) with water deficit. For mass of a thousand achenes, there was a very strong negative correlation with the maximum (r=-0.98*) and minimum (r=-0.96*) temperatures, and with evapotranspiration (r=-0.98*) in the Helio 358. In addition, effect of the water deficit on the oil yield (r=-0.98*) was verified for the same genotype. Very strong negative correlation was found between maximum temperature and oil content (r=-0.96*) in genotype M734. In sunflower cultivation in Mato Grosso, Brazil, water deficit reduces plant height, capitulum diameter and oil yield. The oil content of the achenes reduces when the maximum temperature increases, during the cultivation. For those reasons, the use of sunflower genotypes with shorter cycles and the earlier sowing could benefit the crop developing, by suiting the management, to avoid unfavorable climatic conditions that can cause reduction in production parameters.
Near-infrared photorefractive polymer composites with high-diffraction efficiency and fast response time

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

We describe the material characteristics and photorefractive properties of novel tetraphenyldiaminobiphenyl (TPD) based polymer composites that were developed for operation wavelengths up to 1 micron. With an optimized composite, we demonstrated more than 50% external diffraction efficiency coupled with a fast response time of about 35 ms at 980 nm. In addition to this high performing composite, we have developed a composite with high two beam coupling gain (300 cm-1). To accomplish these attractive photorefractive properties in the near-infrared, we explored the chemical flexibility of the guest-host approach. We employed a new dye with enhanced near-infrared absorption to extend the sensitivity into this long wavelength range. Styrene-based chromophores were utilized to enable high refractive index modulation. We explored ellipsometry as well as photo-conductivity measurements to optimize the composition of the composites. In addition to the composites that contain a single chromophore species, we also analyzed samples prepared with a mixture of chromophores. Our studies reveal the potential of this new polymer-composite family to extend the operation wavelength of the photorefractive materials to even longer wavelengths. Attractive photorefractive properties coupled with long wavelength sensitivity make these materials potential candidates for imaging and communication applications.
Effect of endotoxin on fibronectin synthesis of rat primary cultured hepatocytes

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

AIM:To investigate the effect of endotoxin on liver fibrosis and further define the role of hepatocytes in production of fibronectin in primary liver cell culture by endotoxin.METHODS:After isolation and seeding of hepatocytes, the obtained cells were added to various doses (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20mg/L) of LPS treated culture media. The cells were collected and counted at various periods (0, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96, 120h).The concentrations of fibronectin were tested by electrophoresis. RESULTS:The fibronectin levels tended to increase with prolongation of culture time. There was a sharp increase after 72h in 10 or 15 LPS treated group. The peak level of fibronectin was above 20mg/L. However, cell proliferation was inhibited during the course.Cell number of untreated control group (4.6 ± 0.1 10(6)) was about three fold that of 20 LPS treated group (1.6 ± 0.2 10(6)) at 120h.CONCLUSION:Hepatocytes have a potent ability to produce fibronectin stimulated by endotoxin, suggesting that hepatocytes might participate in the process of liver fibrosis.
Therapeutic and neuroprotective efficacy of pharmacological pretreatment and antidotal treatment of acute tabun or soman poisoning with the emphasis on pretreatment drug PANPAL.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

A good knowledge of the basic mechanisms of acute toxicity of organophosphorus compounds has lead to the development of specific antidotes able to counteract their acute toxic effects. Unfortunately, there are still some highly toxic organophosphorus compounds, called nerve agents, that are resistant to standard antidotal treatment. Relatively unsatisfactory antidotal treatment of acute poisonings with some nerve agents has prompted studies of pretreatment possibilities that would increase the resistance of organisms exposed to nerve agents. Current protection against nerve agent poisoning is pyridostigmine, but its prophylactic efficacy is rather limited. To increase the effectiveness of pharmacological pretreatment of soman or tabun poisoning, a prophylactic mixture called PANPAL and consisting of pyridostigmine and two anticholinergic drugs - benactyzine and trihexyphenidyle was developed, produced and introduced into the Czech Army to protect soldiers against nerve agent exposure. This review describes the evaluation of the potency of PANPAL to counteract acute soman or tabun poisoning and to increase the therapeutic and neuroprotective efficacy of current post-exposure antidotal treatment in comparison with pyridostigmine given alone as pretreatment.
Using the Referral Decision Scale to screen mentally ill jail detainees: Validity and implementation issues.

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The prevalence of serious mental illnesses in jail populations is significantly greater than in the general population. Identifying individuals who warrant psychiatric evaluations is important and benefits correctional staff as well as detainees. One widely used screening instrument intended for this task is the Referral Decision Scale (RDS). This paper reviews the development and validation of the RDS. Using data from a multisite study which assessed postrelease outcomes for detainees with mental illness, various types of validity are addressed. The results confirm that the RDS has some inherent characteristics that seriously limit its practical application as a screening instrument for use by correctional staff.
Analysis of Photonic Phase-Shifting Technique Employing Amplitude-Controlled Fiber-Optic Delay Lines

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract : This report describes a fiber-optic link design for the long-haul remoting of HF antennas. The link presented here is intended for remoting the antenna element a distance upwards of 7.0 km (4.3 mi) but the theoretical treatment allows for the design and analysis of links for greater stand offs. The analysis is carried out using well-established theory and verified experimental data which are employed throughout. A complete list of supporting references is also provided. The fiber-optic link performance is summarized as a 7-km point-to-point link with a single radio-frequency input and output having the following performance metrics over the 2-30 MHz range: -0.86 dB gain, 21 dB noise figure, 116.7 dB-Hz2/3 spurious-free dynamic range above 1-Hz bandwidth, and 0.14 deg/deg C phase stability over temperature. These metrics are for the fiber-optic link only and throughout the report we compare this performance to various all-electric systems demonstrating that the fiber link is suitable for HF applications.
Cyber security talks: A content analysis of online discussions on ransomware

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In recent years, an increasing number of businesses and private users have been confronted with ransomware. Cybercriminals are realising the profitability of this type of attack, as many victims tend to give in to the fear of losing all of their data and end up paying the ransom. This is often due to the fact that they do not have a back-up of their data, leaving the only existent copy in the hands of malicious actors. While companies and government agencies have been publishing reports about this type of malware, there is a significant body of knowledge available through public information security forums, where experts tend to share their experiences and expertise. These web discussions often provide details and in-depth advice that respondents might refuse to share in surveys or face-to-face interviews. Adopting a content analysis approach, this paper aims to gather information on how ransomware works and how to prepare for it, through a scrutiny of experts’ opinions expressed on some of the most popular cyber security platforms. This study demonstrates that content analysis can play an essential role in better understanding rising challenges in information security, delving into wide amounts of open-source knowledge.
Bortezomib-induced heat shock response protects multiple myeloma cells and is activated by heat shock factor 1 serine 326 phosphorylation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Proteasome inhibitors such as bortezomib are highly active in multiple myeloma by affecting signaling cascades and leading to a toxic buildup of misfolded proteins. Bortezomib-treated cells activate the cytoprotective heat shock response (HSR), including upregulation of heat shock proteins (HSPs). Here we inhibited the bortezomib-induced HSR by silencing its master regulator, Heat Shock Factor 1 (HSF1). HSF1 silencing led to bortezomib sensitization. In contrast, silencing of individual and combination HSPs, except HSP40β, did not result in significant bortezomib sensitization. However, HSP40β did not entirely account for increased bortezomib sensitivity upon HSF1 silencing. To determine the mechanism of HSF1 activation, we assessed phosphorylation and observed bortezomib-inducible phosphorylation in cell lines and patient samples. We determined that this bortezomib-inducible event is phosphorylation at serine 326. Prior clinical use of HSP inhibitors in combination with bortezomib has been disappointing in multiple myeloma therapy. Our results provide a rationale for targeting HSF1 activation in combination with bortezomib to enhance multiple myeloma treatment efficacy.
Point-Pattern Matching Under Perspective Transformation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Point pattern matching is an important problem in the fields of computer vision and pattern recognition. Its main task is to pair up the points in two images of a same scene when there is a geometric transformation relating the two images. Once the correspondences between the two sets of points are set up, we can recognize objects and locate their poses in many optical sensor applications. However it is well known that the imaging geometry of a TV camera is a nonlinear perspective transformation. To simplify the difficult solving process, many researchers approximate the perspective transformation relation with an affine transformation. Obviously it will increase the possibility of fault matchings. In this paper, a new algorithm is proposed to solve the problem of matching two point sets with the different cardinality under a perspective transformation without simplifying the original perspective transformation relation. Supposing two sets of three points have been matched as a whole beforehand, based on projective coordinates and p 2 invariant theory, a new concept named generalized distance is introduced. Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the new algorithm is fast and effective.
Cessation Intervention for Low-Income Smokers

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

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PARAFFIN IN SAC OF INGUINAL HERNIA

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

P. C., a man, aged 49, entered the hospital with the diagnosis of inguinal hernia. He was not a suitable subject for surgery on account of advanced arteriorenal disease. However, in the right groin was an irregular mass measuring about 5 by 12 cm. It was largest at its medial end, where it lay anterior to the pubis. At the lower end it was freely movable but seemed to enter the inguinal canal, where it tapered off and was lost in the deeper structures at the level of the internal ring. It was sharply defined, lobulated, not in the least tender to touch, and caused no discomfort. It did not give any impulse on coughing or straining. Gradual firm pressure could mold this mass into varying shapes. The patient said that fourteen years before he had had a hernia on the right side and that some physician had injected it
The Effects of Modes on Text Editing by Experienced Editor Users

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Experienced nonclerical users of two screen editors, vi and emacs, were asked to do a series of editing and composition tasks. The results suggest that moded editing, as exemplified by the vi editor, may be preferable far fixed editing tasks, whereas modeless editing, as exemplified by the emacs editor, may have some advantages during composing. The vi subjects left fewer errors in their final files and showed a tendency to do the editing tasks faster, though the time differences may have resulted from differences in typing rates. They made few mode errors, and those few were rapidly and easily corrected. The emacs subjects tended to do more of their editing during the first-draft stage of composing than did the vi subjects; this result agrees with the hypothesis that modeless editing is more flexible than moded editing. However, the total editing done while composing, the composing time, and most writing-style variables were similar far the two groups.
Acetaldehyde-induced impairment of protein glycosylation in liver Golgi apparatus.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The effects of acute ethanol intoxication on the glycoprotein metabolism of rat liver Golgi apparatus have been investigated. A marked reduction of the galactosyltransferase and sialyltransferase activities was observed in Golgi membranes 6 h after ethanol administration (6g/Kg body wt) together with the retention of glycoproteins in the hepatocyte. Methylpyrazole, an inhibitor of alcohol dehydrogenase, administrated "in vivo" (10 mg/Kg body wt) prevented the ethanol-induced inhibition of both the transferase activities. Acetaldehyde formed "in vitro" unstable and stable adducts with Golgi membrane proteins and with purified galactosyltransferase. These results suggest that the impairment of glycoprotein metabolism at the level of liver Golgi apparatus may be mediated, at least in part, through the acetaldehyde formation during ethanol oxidation.
Impact of Hurricanes on Agriculture: Evidence from the Caribbean

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Large parts of the Caribbean depend heavily on agriculture for income, a sector particularly sensitive to hurricanes. This paper uses historical hurricane tracks, in conjunction with aggregated and disaggregated data, to evaluate econometrically the impact of hurricanes on agriculture in the Caribbean for the period 1961–2009. Overall, the results illustrate that hurricanes have had a statistically significant negative impact on agriculture—albeit in the relatively short term—with the smaller islands being more negatively affected. However, more important, the use of aggregated and disaggregated data shows that: (1) pooling disaggregated data across agricultural products may produce a more reasonably measured estimate of hurricane destruction than aggregated data levels and (2) different agricultural products are affected differently by hurricanes, and there is substantial product heterogeneity in resilience to hurricanes. More generally, the results suggest that increased diversification within the agriculture sector may increase resilience to hurricanes in the region.
The majority of newly generated cells in the adult mouse substantia nigra express low levels of Doublecortin, but their proliferation is unaffected by 6‐OHDA‐induced nigral lesion or Minocycline‐mediated inhibition of neuroinflammation

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract Parkinson's disease is characterized by a selective loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra ( SN ). However, whether regenerative endogenous neurogenesis is taking place in the mammalian SN of parkinsonian and non‐parkinsonian brains remains of debate. Here, we tested whether proliferating cells in the SN and their neurogenic potential would be affected by anti‐inflammatory treatment under physiological conditions and in the 6‐hydroxy‐dopamine (6‐ OHDA ) Parkinson's disease mouse model. We report that the majority of newly generated nigral cells are positive for D oublecortin ( D cx), which is an often used marker for neural progenitor cells. Yet, D cx expression levels in these cells were much lower than in neural progenitor cells of the subventricular zone and the dentate gyrus neural progenitor cells. Furthermore, these newly generated nigral cells are negative for neuronal lineage markers such as T u J 1 and N eu N . Therefore, their neuronal commitment is questionable. Instead, we found evidence for oligodendrogenesis and astrogliosis in the SN . Finally, neither short‐term nor long‐term inhibition of neuroinflammation by M inocycline‐ or 6‐ OHDA ‐induced lesion affected the numbers of newly generated cells in our disease paradigm. Our findings of adult generated D cx + cells in the SN add important data for understanding the cellular composition and consequently the regenerative capacity of the SN .
Leadership, cohesion, and stress in primary care facilities and retention in chronic care in rural northeast South Africa before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: A longitudinal study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

While measures of clinic leadership, cohesion, and stress were generally reliable at individual and facility levels, we found limited evidence supporting a link between these factors and better retention in care. Retention was stable during the Coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Men, the youngest and oldest adults, and those without known multimorbidity should be prioritised for retention interventions.
Creep and Creep Recovery Behaviour of Textile Fabrics and their Fused Systems

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Creep and creep recovery behaviour of two suit fabrics, and two fusible interlinings as well as their binary systems are investigated under the different constant loads. The total elongation is assumed to be comprised of elastic, viscoelastic, instantaneous irreversible and progressively developing irreversible (“plastic”) components. Referring to this the mechanical model, which included generalized Voigt elements possessing regular discrete retardation time spectra was proposed for theoretical analysis of the processes. The model units representing irreversible components of elongation have fixers. Good correspondence between theoretical and experimental results proves that the proposed model is appropriate for the analysis of the time-dependent mechanical behaviour of the textile fabrics and their fused systems.
Teachers' Perspectives of Supporting Children with Trauma

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Childhood trauma is impacting children and teachers across the nation. According to attachment theory, when children do not form secure attachments with parents, they will seek out attachments from other adults. Teachers are acting as secondary attachment figures. In this study, seven prekindergarten teachers participated in semi-structured interviews about their experiences supporting students with trauma and their relationships with these students. Prekindergarten teachers are supporting students by teaching self-regulation skills and emotional coping strategies. Teachers are also building relationships with students by learning about their interests and developing relationships with students’ support systems (i.e., parents, colleagues, and administration). Teachers are struggling with practicing self-care, but they reason that self-care is important. The results of this study imply that parents, teachers, and administration need to continue to work together to support students with trauma. Teachers can more adequately support students if they feel supported and practice self-care strategies.
Impact of Sponsorship and Publicity on Brand Equity

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This paper discusses the impact of Publicity and Sponsorship on Brand Equity. Data were collected via a questionnaire distributed to almost all big cities of Pakistan among educated persons/university students. Hierarchical regression analysis of data from 200 respondents was used to test two hypotheses. The results show that Publicity and Sponsorship has a positive relationship with Brand Equity. When Publicity and Sponsorship is favorable, there is positive effect on Brand Equity. Further research should examine the role of public relations and advertisement in building Brand equity.
Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (Part 18): synthesis and anti-HIV activity of 4-allylamino or 4-azido substituted diaryltriazines.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Eight new diaryltriazine derivatives containing 4-allylamino and 4-azido substitutes guided by molecular docking have been designed and synthesized based on our previous work. The evaluation of HIV inhibitory activity demonstrated that all compounds were potent against HIV-1 replication. The most active compound 7c exhibited activity against HIV-1 (IC50 = 0.034 micromol x L(-1), SI = 6,475) and the double mutant strain (IC50 = 9.39 micromol x L(-1)) in the micromolar range, which was more potent than nevirapine.