jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Climatological Study to Determine the Impact of Icing on the Low Level Windshear Alert System. Volume II. Statistics.

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The climatological study was performed to determine the impact of icing on the performance of the Low Level Winshear Alert System (LLWAS).\n\nThis report Presents the Icing Statisctical profile in the form of data tables and histograms of 106 LLWAS sites. The icing statistical data were derived using freezing rain and freezing drizzle hourly reports obtained from the National Climatic data Center magnetic tape records. The meteorological data cover a 24-year history of the time period between January 1, 1965 to December 31, 1998. The statistics include: icing reports and duration (actual time of freezing precipitation up to a 48 hour limit), freezing duration (combination of both icing and glazing with and without weighting). Also presented is the ranking of all LLWAS sites based on the above listed parameter combinations including a contour map showing icing intensity of all site locations. Finally, the extent of the freezing effect on windshear sensors is demonstrated by using a graph from field test measurements collected during aperiod of light freezing rain.\n
A simulation-based approach to analysing delays in the transport of critically ill neonates

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Neonatal interfacility transport ensures that critically ill neonatal patients can receive higher levels of care when needed. Delays in the transport process impact the quality of care and increase the risk of medical complications. The objective of this study is to investigate the operations-related factors that contribute to transport delays and explore the role of discrete-event simulation in improving the transport process. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with stakeholders to understand the neonatal interfacility transport process. Analysis of historical call logs and transport data was performed to identify inputs to the discrete-event simulation model. Statistical tests were used to identify the effect of various factors on wait time and transport time in the simulation model. High patient volume and limited bed capacity at the receiving hospitals are identified as bottlenecks that lead to extended wait time and transportation time. Additionally, having more geographically distributed ambulance resources does not significantly help with the time delays when the receiving hospital capacity stays unchanged. Discrete-event simulation models can be used to investigate the effects of operations-related factors in the interfacility transport of critically ill neonates to support future process improvement.
Reconfiguring Systemic Power Relations: A Collaborative Practice-Based Exploration of Inequality with Young People and Adults in Dublin

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This collaborative art practice-based thesis mobilises the concept of power as an analytical lens to examine a decade-long collaboration (2007-16) between its author/artist and a Dublin-based youth organisation, Rialto Youth Project. In opposition to the depoliticisation of inequality and associated insidious ethics of social inclusion, a collaborative methodological framework is foregrounded, producing dialogical encounters in which multiple power relations are visualised, challenged and reconfigured and where freedom is recognised as a lived contingent practice. Working across disciplines and in response to lived experiences of systemic inequalities, a series of transgenerational projects were developed to critically examine and respond to power relations at a personal, community and societal level, contributing new transdisciplinary knowledge across the fields of socially engaged art practice, youth work and education. The thesis comprises an introduction, two chapters and a conclusion. By considering the historical ontology of the practice and the formation of subject positions of those working in collaboration, chapter one outlines the construction and conceptualisation of power over time among a diverse group exercising political imagination. In articulating lived experiences of complex and interconnected systemic power relations, the second chapter examines the complex relationship of voice and listening in the public manifestations of the collaborative practice, in which truth speaks to power and politics is staged publicly through dialogical and transformative actions.
Contrast and Clarity - a study of the compositional technique of American composer Jerry Goldsmith with main focus on contrapuntal treatment

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This thesis is a study of the American film composer Jerry Goldsmith s compositional technique, with main focus on his contrapuntal treatment of musical material. Some analytical focus is also given to his motivic and thematic development and use of serial technique. The relation between the music score and the film scene is not given any particular focus, the music itself being the most important aspect. The study is structured by different uses of pedal point through different segments of one-, two-, and three-voice settings.
LPF-Based Critically Damped Output-Feedback Systems for DC/DC Power Converters via Second-Order Active Damping Design Approach

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The proposed observer-based controller stabilizes the output voltage of dc/dc converters, without without any high-model dependence, including a low-pass filter (LPF) for the output voltage measurement as a part of the main feedback system. Considering additional LPF dynamics makes the closed-loop design process complicated and increases number of tuning factors. To address this challenge, the combination of second-order active damping terms and nonlinearly designed feedback gains for both the controller and observer invokes the second-order pole-zero cancellation (PZC) to lower the increased feedback system order owing to the consideration of LPF dynamics. The model-free observer robustly finds the correct output voltage derivative information based on the second-order PZC technique to remove the necessity of incorporating the current feedback. On the basis of the observer, the output-feedback technique forming proportional–integral–derivative controller assigns the critically damped output voltage response to the controlled system without the singularity problem, including the second-order active damping terms and the disturbance observer as the auxiliary system. A 3-kW prototype dc/dc converter experimentally validated the practical benefits of the closed-loop design.
Automatic coking control system

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

An automatic coking control system has been developed and commercialized. The system is aimed at the stabilization and optimization of coke-oven operation. For this purpose, a control algorithm has been developed to calculate an optimum heat pattern based on optimum control theory, and the experimentation has been run to test the algorithm by using a temperature field simulator. The system has already been installed at coke-oven batteries of Nippon Steel's works.< >
ChemInform Abstract: Arenesulfonyltriazolides as Condensing Reagents in Solid Phase Peptide Synthesis.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Wrongdoing, Desert, and Punishment

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract Contrasts utilitarian, Kantian, and deep retributive views about the relations between wrongdoing and suffering because of one's wrongdoing. Kant maintains that, although wrongdoers are intrinsically liable to suffer self‐reproach and moral disapproval of others, wrongdoing does not entail “deserving to suffer” in a sense providing intrinsic practical reasons to inflict suffering. Arguably, even Kant's most infamous remarks on punishment fail to prove otherwise. Contrary to common impressions, Kant is best understood as holding a mixed theory in which the retributive policies that Kant endorses lack deep retributive justification. Some implications for the justice of current practices of punishment are explored.
Effects of soy isoflavones on cerebral ischemia and reperfusion of adult rats

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

OBJECTIVE To observe the effect of soy isoflavones on the hippocampus neurogenesis of rats treated with cerebral ischemia and reperfusion.METHODS Rats with cerebral ischemia and reperfusion were built according to the method of middle cerebral artery occlusion,and treated with soy isoflavones(SI) or coadministration of SI and tamoxifen(SI+TX),respectively.Then neonatal hippocampus nerve cells were labeled with BrdU by immunofluorescence and the expression of phosphorylated CREB(pCREB) were detected by immunohistochemisty and Western blot.RESULTS The amounts of BrdU+ nerve cells in the zone of hippocampus in SI or SI+TX group were increased significantly compared with model group(P0.01),and that in SI group was more than that in SI+TX group.The amounts of BrdU+/pCREB+ nerve cells and the expression of pCREB in the zone of hippocampus in SI group were increased significantly compared with model group(P0.05),and the amounts of BrdU+/pCREB+ nerve cells in the zone of hippocampus in SI+TX group were decreased significantly compared with SI group(P0.05) and the expression of pCREB in the zone of hippocampus in SI+TX group were decreased significantly compared with model group(P0.05).CONCLUSION Under the condition of cerebral ischemia and reperfusion,the hippocampus neurogenesis can be promoted with long-term low dose administration of soy isoflavones,which may be related to extrogen activity of soy isoflavones and CREB phosphorylated to maintain the signals of nerve regeneration,survival or repair.
Hypoplastic myelodysplastic syndrome and acquired aplastic anemia: Immune‑mediated bone marrow failure syndromes (Review)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Hypoplastic myelodysplastic syndrome (hMDS) and aplastic anemia (AA) are rare hematopoietic disorders characterized by pancytopenia with hypoplastic bone marrow (BM). hMDS and idiopathic AA share overlapping clinicopathological features, making a diagnosis very difficult. The differential diagnosis is mainly based on the presence of dysgranulopoiesis, dysmegakaryocytopoiesis, an increased percentage of blasts, and abnormal karyotype, all favouring the diagnosis of hMDS. An accurate diagnosis has important clinical implications, as the prognosis and treatment can be quite different for these diseases. Patients with hMDS have a greater risk of neoplastic progression, a shorter survival time and a lower response to immunosuppressive therapy compared with patients with AA. There is compelling evidence that these distinct clinical entities share a common pathophysiology based on the damage of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) by cytotoxic T cells. Expanded T cells overproduce proinflammatory cytokines (interferon‑γ and tumor necrosis factor‑α), resulting in decreased proliferation and increased apoptosis of HSPCs. The antigens that trigger this abnormal immune response are not known, but potential candidates have been suggested, including Wilms tumor protein 1 and human leukocyte antigen class I molecules. Our understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of these BM failure syndromes has been improved by next‑generation sequencing, which has enabled the identification of a large spectrum of mutations. It has also brought new challenges, such as the interpretation of variants of uncertain significance and clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential. The present review discusses the main clinicopathological differences between hMDS and acquired AA, focuses on the molecular background and highlights the importance of molecular testing.
Gender-Stratified Analysis of Haitian Perceptions Related to Sexual Abuse and Exploitation Perpetrated by UN Peacekeepers during MINUSTAH

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Feminist scholarship has analyzed the gendered dynamics of national- and international-level risk factors for peacekeeper-perpetrated sexual exploitation and abuse (SEA); however, the gendered dynamics within the host country have not been adequately considered. Using the United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti (MINUSTAH) as a case study, this research analyzes gender differences within community-level perceptions of SEA. Using SenseMaker® as a data collection tool, cross-sectional qualitative and quantitative data were collected by Haitian research assistants over an 8-week period in 2017. Participants first shared a narrative in relation to MINUSTAH and then self-interpreted their narratives by noting their perceptions, attitudes, and beliefs on a variety of questions. The self-coded perceptions were analyzed quantitatively to determine patterns, and this was complemented with a qualitative analysis of the narratives. Women/girls were more likely to perceive the sexual interactions as “relationships” compared to Haitian men/boys. Furthermore, women/girls were more likely to perceive the peacekeeper as “supportive”, whereas men/boys conceptualized the peacekeeper as “authoritative”. SEA-related policies/programs, such as the UN Trust Fund in Support for Victims of SEA, should engage with local Haitian actors and consider such nuanced and gendered perceptions to maximize community trust and program efficacy.
Antifungal Effect of Potassium Chloride (KCl) on Water Mold Infection in Ayu Plecoglossus altivelis Eggs

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

The antifungal effects of potassium chloride (KCl) against Saprolenia diclina, S. parasitica and Achlya sp. and fungal infection in ayu Plecogrossus altivelis eggs were evaluated. Zoospore motility of the fungi was greatly inhibited within 1 min in 0.03% KCl, although hyphal growth and zoospore germination of the fungi were not inhibited at a concentration of 0.24% KCl. When fertilized ayu eggs were continuously kept in 0.03%, 0.06% and 0.12% KCl until the eyed-egg stage, treatment at concentrations of 0.06% and 0.12% apparently decreased the rate of fungal infection in three separate experiments. These concentrations showed no effect on the egg-eyed ratio, the subsequent hatching and the larval deformity rates. It was confirmed that KCl was a useful chemical to prevent mold infection in ayu eggs.
STUDI INDEKS KUALITAS TANAH SERTA BIOINDIKATOR KUALITAS AIR DI DAS MIKRO SISIM KOTA BATU

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Landuse change causes the decrease of soil quality, so the hydrological and non-hydrological functions do not run optimally. Sisim Micro Watershed‘s area of ± 933.17 ha with a very steep slope has undergone major land-use changes. Soil Quality Index (SQI) analysis and water quality bioindicators are needed to assess the impact of land-use change. This study used 12 soil sampling plots, i.e. production forest (H2, H3, H4, H5), mixed gardens (KC2, KC3, KC4, KC5), and fields (T2, T3, T4, T5). The numbers behind the code indicate slope; 2 (slope 8-15%), 3 (slope 15-25%), 4 (slope 25-40%), and 5 (slope 40-60%). The results showed that dense vegetation and low intensity of tillage gave the best SQI. The highest SQI value was on H5 (0.63) with a good category, and the lowest was on T5 (0.32) with a bad category. The water quality bioindicator showed water pollution index of 1.97 (dirty water quality and rather heavily polluted). Soil quality which is dominated by low categories with high agricultural intensity and community waste disposal causes health condition of biotic habitats classified as unhealthy with a score of 1.90.
Meeting local complex health needs by building the capacity of general practice: the University of Queensland GP super clinic model

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The GP Super Clinics Program is a highly topical and controversial initiative with varying levels of support within the policy, consumer and health care communities. Here, we describe the GP super clinic initiative of the University of Queensland (UQ), and how it aims to enhance primary-care capacity in the regions where clinics are based. The UQ GP super clinic model has considered the concerns of general practitioners, patients and other stakeholders, and addresses the needs of these groups while providing an excellent opportunity for the university to be involved in innovative service delivery, community-based education, primary-care service design and evaluation.
The intestinal LABs.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The complete gastrointestinal (GI) tract of humans is colonised soon after birth by a myriad of microbial species with a characteristic distribution depending on the location. GI-tract ecology has been experiencing a revival due to the development of molecular techniques, especially those based on 16S RNA (zRNA) genes. A richer ecosystem than previously imagined of novel species is being discovered that is significantly influenced by our host genotype. Special attention has been focused on the bifidobacteria and the lactic acid bacterial (LAB) populations, both those that are naturally present within this complex ecosystem and those that are ingested as probiotics in functional foods. Overall this interest stems from a increasing awareness of interplay between microflora, diet and the health of the host, and is further stimulated by an increasing incidence of gastrointestinal illnesses, and atopy. Substantial documentation of benefits to host health has especially distinguished the LAB for multidisciplinary research aimed to determine the molecular mechanisms involved. Recent advances in molecular technologies, including high-throughput genomics-based approaches, can significantly advance our understanding of the microbe--diet--host interactions and offer valuable information for design and application of health-targeted microbes.
Understanding the Concept of Madhhab (Schools of Islamic Law) and Its Implications for the Problem of the Closed Door of Ijtihad (Pemahaman Konsep Mazhab Hukum dan Implikasinya terhadap Persoalan Tertutupnya Pintu Ijtihad)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

English abstract: The discourse on the closing of the door to ijtihad has become a central issue in the discussion of Islamic law because it relates to the existence of Islamic law in life: is Islamic law static so that its followers must accept what has been formulated by the jurists (Islamic jurists) in the last medieval period? Or is Islamic law flexible in nature so that it can play a vital role in all conditions and situations? The answer to this question is closely related to understanding the concept of a legal school in the history of Islamic law itself. After the emergence of schools of law, Islamic legal thought is considered to have been established, and no new thinking is needed. This assumption has led to the idea that the door to ijtihad has been closed. In fact, the door to free thought has never been closed in Islam. Modern Islamic jurists can still find the courage to express different opinions against the imams of the great schools and the originality of opinions at every stage of the history of Islamic law. This condition should provide a way for reviewers of Islamic law in the modern era to dare to criticize the material of Islamic law that they learn from classical fiqh books so that Islamic law does not lose its vital role in life.

Malay abstract: Wacana penutupan pintu ijtihad menjadi isu sentral dalam pembahasan hukum Islam karena berkaitan dengan keberadaan hukum Islam dalam kehidupan: apalah hukum Islam statis sehingga para pengikutnya harus menerima apa yang telah dirumuskan oleh para ahli hukum. (Ahli hukum Islam) di periode abad pertengahan terakhir. ? Ataukah hukum Islam bersifat fleksibel sehingga dapat memainkan peran vital dalam segala kondisi dan situasi? Jawaban atas pertanyaan ini berkaitan erat dengan pemahaman konsep mazhab hukum dalam sejarah hukum Islam itu sendiri. Setelah munculnya mazhab, pemikiran hukum Islam dianggap telah mapan, dan tidak diperlukan pemikiran baru. Asumsi ini memunculkan gagasan bahwa pintu ijtihad telah ditutup. Faktanya, pintu menuju pemikiran bebas tidak pernah ditutup dalam Islam. Ahli hukum Islam modern masih dapat menemukan keberanian untuk mengungkapkan pendapat yang berbeda terhadap para imam dari mazhab-mazhab besar dan orisinalitas pendapat di setiap tahap sejarah hukum Islam. Kondisi ini seharusnya memberikan jalan bagi para pengkaji hukum Islam di era modern untuk berani mengkritisi materi hukum Islam yang mereka pelajari dari kitab-kitab fiqh klasik agar hukum Islam tidak kehilangan peran vitalnya dalam kehidupan.
Coyotes can do ‘puppy dog eyes’ too: comparing interspecific variation in Canis facial expression muscles

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Facial expressions are critical for non-verbal communication. The Canis genus epitomizes the interplay between behaviour and morphology in the evolution of non-verbal communication. Recent work suggests that the levator anguli oculi medialis (LAOM) muscle is unique to dogs ( Canis familiaris ) within the Canis genus and evolved due to domestication. The LAOM raises the inner eyebrows, resulting in the ‘puppy dog eyes’ expression. Here, we test whether the LAOM is a derived trait in dogs by (i) examining the facial expression muscles of a closely related and ancestral wild Canis species, the coyote ( C. latrans ) and (ii) comparing our results with other Canis and canid taxa. We discover that coyotes have a well-developed LAOM like dogs, which differs from the modified/absent LAOM in grey wolves. Our findings challenge the hypothesis that the LAOM developed due to domestication. We suggest that the LAOM is a basal trait that was lost in grey wolves. Additionally, we find inter- and intraspecific variations in the size of the muscles of the outer ear, forehead, lips and rostrum, indicating potential adaptations related to sensory perception, communication and individual-level functional variations within canids. Together, this research expands our knowledge of facial expressions, their evolution and their role in communication.
Differentiation in Vitro of Two Types of Human Umbilical Cord Blood-derived Endothelial Progenitor Cells

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

【Objective】 To investigate the method for culturing two types of endothelial progenitor cells(EPCs) from human umbilical cord blood and study their differentiation traits.【Methods】 Mononuclear cells were isolated from fresh cord blood by 6% HES and density gradient centrifugation.Isolated cells were cultured in medium supplemented with VEGF and bFGF.The growth situation and biological features of the cells were observed at different time points and identified by morphology,immunofluorescence staining,RT-PCR and flow cytometry.【Results】 Attached cells were divided into two types of EPCs,i.e.early EPCs and late EPCs.Early EPCs changed from small sized round cells to spindle shape cells,and late EPCs formed a typical cobblestone-like cells.Fluorescence microscopy showed that EPCs were positive for both DiI-acLDL uptake and FITC-ulex-lectin binding.RT-PCR and FACS showed the difference of endothelial cell-specific,gene expression and changed AC133,CD34 and KDR among different times.MTT assay showed the different proliferation kinetics among different times.【Conclusion】 There are two different types of EPCs from human umbilical cord blood and those provide a basis for further research.