jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Mucoid morphotype variation of Burkholderia multivorans during chronic cystic fibrosis lung infection is correlated with changes in metabolism, motility, biofilm formation and virulence

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Burkholderia cepacia complex ( Bc c) bacteria are opportunistic pathogens infecting hosts such as cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. Long-term Bc c infection of CF patients’ airways has been associated with emergence of phenotypic variation. Here we studied two Burkholderia multivorans clonal isolates displaying different morphotypes from a chronically infected CF patient to evaluate trait development during lung infection. Expression profiling of mucoid D2095 and non-mucoid D2214 isolates revealed decreased expression of genes encoding products related to virulence-associated traits and metabolism in D2214. Furthermore, D2214 showed no exopolysaccharide production, lower motility and chemotaxis, and more biofilm formation, particularly under microaerophilic conditions, than the clonal mucoid isolate D2095. When Galleria mellonella was used as acute infection model, D2214 at a cell number of approximately 7×10 6 c.f.u. caused a higher survival rate than D2095, although 6 days post-infection most of the larvae were dead. Infection with the same number of cells by mucoid D2095 caused larval death by day 4. The decreased expression of genes involved in carbon and nitrogen metabolism may reflect lower metabolic needs of D2214 caused by lack of exopolysaccharide, but also by the attenuation of pathways not required for survival. As a result, D2214 showed higher survival than D2095 in minimal medium for 28 days under aerobic conditions. Overall, adaptation during Bc c chronic lung infections gave rise to genotypic and phenotypic variation among isolates, contributing to their fitness while maintaining their capacity for survival in this opportunistic human niche.
Thalidomide metabolism by the CYP2C subfamily.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

We discovered that the polymorphic enzyme CYP2C19 is responsible for 5- and 5'-hydroxylation of thalidomide in humans. In rats, thalidomide was hydroxylated extensively by CYP2C6 as well as the sex-specific enzyme CYP2C11.
Mood-elevating effects of d-amphetamine and incentive salience: the effect of acute dopamine precursor depletion

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Objective: Midbrain dopamine transmission is thought to regulate responses to rewarding drugs and drug-paired stimuli; however, the exact contribution, particularly in humans, remains unclear. In the present study, we tested whether decreasing dopamine synthesis, as produced by acute phenylalanine/tyrosine depletion (APTD), would alter responses to the stimulant drug, d-amphetamine. Methods: On 3 separate days, 14 healthy men received d-amphetamine (0.3 mg/kg, given orally) plus a nutritionally balanced amino acid mixture, the phenylalanine/tyrosine-deficient mixture or the phenylalanine/tyrosine-deficient mixture followed by the immediate dopamine precursor, l-DOPA (Sinemet, 2 × 100 mg/25 mg). Responses to these treatments were assessed with visual analog scales, the Profile of Mood States, and a computerized Go/No-Go task. Results: d-Amphetamine elicited its prototypical subjective effects, but these were not altered by APTD. In comparison, APTD significantly increased commission errors on the Go/No-Go task and did so uniquely in conditions where subjects were rewarded for making correct responses; this effect of APTD was prevented by l-DOPA. Conclusions: Together these results support the hypothesis that, in healthy men, dopamine is not closely linked to euphorogenic effects of abused substances but does affect the salience of reward-related cues and the ability to respond to them preferentially.
Successful Anesthetic Management of an Adult with Sotos Syndrome

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Sotos syndrome is a rare genetic disorder presenting with craniofacial abnormalities, profound hypotonia, and cardiac abnormalities, giving rise to several potential challenges and concerns for an anesthesiologist. When preparing for a Sotos syndrome patient’s case, we consulted the literature for precedents on how to plan the anesthetic, to which we were only able to find a few reports and nothing in the age group our patient fell within. We present our case of an adult in addition to examining the previous cases so as to document a precedent when encountering patients with this syndrome in the operating room. We describe a unique case of a nonverbal adult with hypotonia and severe craniofacial abnormalities who successfully underwent multiple dental extractions under general anesthesia, with no complications other than a delay of emergence attenuated by naloxone. Our case and the seven previous documented cases over the past several decades demonstrate anesthesia, including paralytics and intubation itself safe despite obvious concerns given the common features of the syndrome for both pediatric patients and the one adult we described in this report.
The identification of the existence of stilt houses at Musi riverside settlement in Palembang

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract The existence of Musi River influenced the forming of initial settlement in Palembang. Musi river was the main transportation way. Therefore, past people built their houses along the riverbanks. The stilt structure became the best solution as it was aligned and adaptive to the nature of the Musi River. The excellence of the stilt house is less realized by the modern city development. The emergence of new modern houses is easily found side by side with the stilt houses at riverside settlement. The stilt house as a part of vernacular architecture in Palembang tends to be abandoned. This research aims to investigate the existence of vernacular houses and settlements located on the Musi riverbank. In order to achieve this aim, study elaborate function pattern and the form of living existence. This study used a qualitative approach with two vernacular settlements at Musi riverbank as case study namely 3-4 Ulu and 30 Ilir village. Data were collected from six main sources, namely documentation, archival records, interviews, direct observation, participant observation, and physical artifacts. The result shows that there are two changes of the existence of a vernacular settlement at Musi riverside. Firstly, the existence is decreasing in term of space between houses, orientation to the river. Secondly, the existence is increasing in form of coexistence with the new activities and function accommodated by the river. Findings show that the changes are supported by community activities. The change also determines the elements of settlement and layout.
Clinical Characteristics Analysis of 58 Patients with Breast and Gynecologic Cancer in Oriental Hospital

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This study was aimed to obtain epidemiological information of cancer patients treated with Oriental medicine. 58 breast and gynecological cancer patients treated in Cancer Center of Daeguhanny Oriental Hospital from August 2012 to August 2013 were reviewed. Careful investigations were done by categorizing these patients by their origin, stage, treatment, conventional treatment type, chief complaint, etc. In tumor origin, breast cancer showed the largest proportion in total patients(74.1%) and inpatients(81.8%). 63.8% of the patients’ tumors were stage Ⅲ and Ⅳ. 48.3% of patients visited Oriental hospital for combination treatment with conventional medicine. 91.4% of the patients have under 5 years of cancer duration. Their cheif complaints are general weakness, postoperative pain and abdominal discomfort in general. This study presented the characteristics of breast and gynecological cancer patients treated by Oriental medical therapies, and thus would be valuable for futher studies of Oriental medical cancer treatments.
Vapor–Liquid Equilibrium, Excess Molar Enthalpies, and Excess Molar Volumes of Binary Mixtures Containing 2-Ethoxy-2-methylpropane or 2-Ethoxy-2-methylbutane and Acetonitrile or Propanenitrile

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Vapor–liquid equilibrium (VLE), excess molar enthalpies (HE), and excess molar volumes (VE) provide complementary data for thermodynamic models. In this work, new data of binary mixtures of acetonitrile (ACN) or propanenitrile (PPN) with 2-ethoxy-2-methylpropane (ETBE) or 2-ethoxy-2-methylbutane (TAEE) are reported. Isothermal VLE data were measured by using a circulation still at 333 K for ETBE + ACN, at 343 K for TAEE + ACN, and at 363 K for TAEE + PPN. HE were measured by using a SETARAM C80 calorimeter equipped with a flow mixing cell at 298 K for all four binary systems. VE were measured by using an Anton Paar DMA 512P densimeter at 298 K for all four binary systems. HE data and measured VLE data, or literature VLE data for the binary system of ETBE and PPN, were used for the optimization of Wilson model parameters by using VLEFIT software. Redlich–Kister equation parameters were separately regressed for the VE data.
Influence of watering I, Se, S citrate on growth and development of chicken-broilers

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

At the moment, an important issue for medicine and veterinary sciences is the lack of iodine and selenium in human and animal bodies. The problem of I, Se, and S deficiency in livestock has not been solved yet, which motivates the development of new effective compounds of these elements. Particularly noteworthy are the citrates of minor nutrient elements included in mineral premixes and feed additives used to balance mineral nutrition in the diets of animals and poultry. The purpose of this paper is to study the efficacy of different doses of I, Se, S citrate on the intensity of metabolic processes in the body of chicken broilers before and after the intragastric introduction of E. coli. It was found that watering of chicken broilers with I, Se, S citrate has antibacterial action. As a result of the conducted studies, it was revealed that the applied doses of I, Se, S caused both prophylactic (E2) and therapeutic (E4) effect on the development of colibacillosis in broiler chickens. This effect is more pronounced with higher doses of Iodine (20 μg/dm3) in I, Se, S citrate for therapeutic purposes, which contributed to the 100% preservation of the chicken population. High metabolic activity of low doses of I, Se, S citrate with a content of 2.5 μg I dm3 was noted. It provided the highest weight gain of chickens and reaching 780 g on the 35th day of growing, or 121.5% versus control and 788.4 g (119.9% versus control) on 42nd day of growing in the vivarium. The obtained data indicate a positive influence of watering I, Se, S citrate with a content of 20 μg I/dm3, which was characterised by 100% preservation of chickens throughout the growing period
Development, Displacement and Resettlement in India: An Overview

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In the dominant development paradigm, economic development is considered to be synonymous with large projects. Governments and development planners alike are inclined to invest in very expensive projects. In India, irrigation and power projects such as the Narmada Valley Irrigation and Power Project, the Tehri Hydro-Electric Project, the dams on the Krishna river, and many others, are currently being executed. More projects are planned for the Narmada, Krishna, Indravathi and other river systems. Economically and politically dominant groups — large farmers, contractors, bureaucrats and politicians — are pushing many more projects that will cause massive displacement. As economic liberalization and globalization facilitate the penetration of the Indian interior, the lives, livelihoods and lifestyles of those who critically depend on the natural resource base will continue to be seriously affected.
Novel approach of prophylactic radiation to reduce toxicities comparing 2-step 40 Gy with 56 Gy simultaneous integrated boost intensity-modulated radiation therapy for locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck: A phase III trial (JCOG1912, NEW BRIDGE).

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

TPS6121 Background: Chemoradiotherapy (CRT) with concurrent cisplatin is the standard of care as a nonsurgical definitive treatment for patients with locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (LA-SCCHN). However, CRT is associated with increased severe late adverse events, including swallowing dysfunction, xerostomia, ototoxicity, and hypothyroidism. Few strategies aimed at less invasive CRT without compromising treatment outcomes have been successful. The purpose of this study is to confirm the non-inferiority of reduced dose prophylactic radiation with 40 Gy compared to standard dose prophylactic radiation with 56 Gy in terms of the time to treatment failure (TTF) among patients with clinical stage III-IVB LA-SCCHN. Methods: This study is a multicenter, two-arm, open-label, randomized phase III trial. The main inclusion criteria are as follows: (i) Primary lesions are located in the oropharynx, hypopharynx, or larynx. (ii) Histologically proven SCC on biopsy specimens of the primary lesion. Immunohistochemistry reveals p16 negativity in patients with oropharyngeal cancer. (iii) Clinical stage of III, IVA, or IVB (excluding N3a) based on the 8th UICC-TNM classification. Patients are randomized to the standard arm or experimental arm. A total dose of 70 Gy for tumors with concurrent cisplatin at 100 mg/m 2 are administered in both arms. For prophylactic field, patients in the standard arm receive a total dose of 56 Gy in 35 fractions for 7 weeks using simultaneous integrated boost (SIB56) and those in the experimental arm receive 40 Gy in 20 fractions using two-step methods for 4 weeks (2-step40). A total of 400 patients will be enrolled from 52 Japanese institutions within 5 years. The primary endpoint is TTF, and the secondary endpoints are overall survival, complete response rate, progression-free survival, locoregional relapse-free survival, acute and late adverse events, quality of life score, and swallowing function score.Patient accrual was started in May 2021 and the study is now open for accrual. A total of 186 patients have been enrolled as of January 2024. This trial has been registered in the Japan Registry of Clinical Trials as jRCTs031210100. Clinical trial information: jRCTs031210100 .
Clinical Report Cowden disease and multicystic dysplastic kidney: increased risk of renal cancer?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Unilateral multicystic dysplastic kidney is one of the most frequently identified urinary tract abnormalities in children. Although it can be an isolated finding, it is often associated with other anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract. It has also been described in association with other multisystemic disorders of known genetic aetiologies. Cowden disease (CD) is a rare autosomal-dominant disorder with age-related penetrance characterized by benign and malignant hamarto-matous lesions affecting derivatives of all three germ cell layers. Hamartomas can emerge in virtually every organ, but are mostly found in the skin and gastrointestinal tract. We report a 7-year-old patient presenting with unilateral multicystic dysplastic kidney and CD, a hitherto unknown association in paediatrics, which raises the question of an increased risk of renal cancer.
Breaking the glass ceiling: opportunity for the organization

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to decipher the benefits of breaking the glass ceiling in the organization, providing strategies to overcome it, and discussing the benefits availed by the organization in bringing more participation from women in middle and senior level management. Design/methodology/approach – This paper critically analyses the literature on women’s contribution to the organization’s success, their barriers to their advancement to corporate hierarchy, and breaking the glass ceiling, supported by appropriate theories. Findings – Gender diversity initiatives are perquisite for an organization ' s success and performance because presence of more women in the organization increases firm’s productivity. It is because more participation of female employees offers organizations a wide range of resources, ideas, skills, and energy to the business, providing a competitive edge against the competitors. Research limitations/implications – With understanding the benefits of gender diversity initiatives, an organization will emphasize more on the development of female employees personally and professionally. This, in turn, will help organizations in terms of productivity. Originality/value – Originality and value with understanding the benefits of gender diversity initiatives in an organization can focus more on growth and development aspects of female employees by breaking the glass ceiling and recognizing their competencies, qualifications, and achievement. This will lead to more participation of women in every echelon of management, resulting in firm performance.
INTRA-ARTICULAR TRANEXAMIC ACID TO REDUCE BLOOD LOSS IN CONCURRENT BILATERAL TOTAL KNEE ARTHROPLASTY: A PROSPECTIVE, RANDOMIZED DOUBLE-BLIND STUDY

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The effect of intra-articular tranexamic acid on blood loss in concurrent bilateral total knee arthroplasty was studied in 60 patients in double blind fashion; one knee receiving tranexamic acid, t...
Use of Bromoergocryptine in the Validation of Protocols for the Assessment of Mechanisms of Early Pregnancy Loss in the Rat

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Use of Bromoergocryptine in the Validation of Protocols for the Assessment of Mechanisms of Early Pregnancy Loss in the Rat. CUMMINGS, A. M., PERREAULT, S. D., AND HARRIS, S. T. (1991). <it>Fundam. Appl. Toxicol</it> 17, 563–574. Validated protocols for evaluating maternally mediated mechanisms of early pregnancy failure in rodents are needed for use in the risk assessment process. To supplement previous efforts in the validation of a panel of protocols assembled for this purpose, bromoergocryptine (BEC) was used as a model compound because it is known to inhibit pituitary prolactin secretion. BEC was tested using the early pregnancy protocol (EPP), the decidual cell response technique (DCR), the pre- vs postimplantation protocol (PPP), and embryo transport rate analysis (ETRA). These protocols evaluate the effects of chemicals on multiple endpoints following exposure during (a) the first 8 days of pregnancy, (b) early pseudopregnancy accompanied by decidual induction, (c) the pre- and postimplantation intervals of early pregnancy, or (d) the period of embryo transport. In the EPP, dosing with BEC during Days 1–8 of pregnancy reduced the number of implantation sites found on Day 9 as well as serum progesterone. The DCR technique revealed a dose-dependent inhibition of decidual growth concomitant with decreased serum progesterone as a result of BEC treatment. A modified DCR technique using hormone-supplemented ovariectomized rats demonstrated that BEC did not impair decidual growth in the presence of adequate progestogenic support. Pie- vs postimplantation dosing indicated that implantation is vulnerable to BEC effects at least through Day 4. BEC had no effect on embryo transport rate. Data from these protocols identified BEC as having adverse maternal effects during early pregnancy. While the pituitary was not identified by these protocols as the site of BECs's primary action, the protocols did identify a reduction in serum progesterone and impaired uterine function as toxicological mechanisms mediating the reduced fertility seen following BEC exposure.
Agricultural Value Chain Development in West Africa – Methodological framework and case study of mango in Benin

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Globalization and competitiveness of agricultural commodities could have significant potential benefits for food security and poverty reduction in West Africa. Participation in global trade and economy is potentially important but not enough to ensure benefits at all levels of the chains and equitable distribution of income for each participant. Efficiency is key in the commodity value chain, but effective support functions and services, infrastructure, legal and policy environment are important. This paper presents the framework of value chain concept and analysis, as a guide to enhance competitiveness of commodities at national, regional or global level. The paper applies the value chain framework to a case study on mango in Benin, West Africa. The international market for mango is characterized by stringent quality requirements regarding fruit flies. This needs to be addressed as a key value chain challenge for competitiveness of the commodity in Benin and West Africa.
Model-Driven Optimization for the Conceptual Design of Aeroengine Turbine Flow Path

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract In the conceptual design process of aeroengines, the thermal parameters and the fundamental structure must be determined. To reduce iterative adjustments between the conceptual and detailed design, it is necessary to obtain a method that can meet the performance requirements quickly and accurately. At the same time, considering the different methods of subject-level modeling, a tool is needed to support the data interaction of the analysis model. Therefore, an optimization approach combining multidisciplinary design optimization (MDO) and model-based systems engineering (MBSE) is proposed for conceptual design. Taking turbine flow path as the research object, a MBSE-MDO framework for overall design is proposed. First, a Requirements, Functional, Logical, Physical (RFLP) modeling procedure is applied in this study to implement the entire design process from requirements to system architecture. Based on semantic modeling technology, the automatic transformation of the knowledge representation of the model is realized. Then, relying on the consistency and scalability provided by semantic modeling, MDO is performed. With fuel consumption, weight, and noise as the system-level optimization objectives, aerodynamics, heat, and structural strength are considered as disciplinary constraints. The main cycle parameters for specific scenarios and requirements are obtained. Finally, validation at the early stage of the design is performed to ensure that the design meets the defined requirements. The accuracy of the overall design results is verified based on the existing engine data. The average error of the design parameters is 1.55% and the maximum error is 3.02%. It indicates that the design method proposed in the paper meets the accuracy requirements for engine-related parameters in the overall design phase. The method proposed in this study is expected to rapidly and accurately obtain design parameters that meet the performance requirements, thereby reducing the development cycle of the turbine flow path. Based on the optimization of turbine flow path in this paper, the optimization design of other components can be further carried out to realize the overall optimization, laying a technical foundation for the overall multidisciplinary optimization design.