jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Branched glucan from the fruiting bodies of Piptoporus betulinus (Bull.:Fr) Karst.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

A new glucan, namely, piptoporane I, with a molecular mass of 270 kDa was isolated from fruiting bodies of Piptoporus betulinis (Bull.:Fr.) Karst. (Fomitopsidacaeae). Using a combination ofphysicochemical methods, it was established that piptoporane I was a branched glucan with a backbone consisting of alpha-( 1->3)-glucopyranose residues substituted at the C-6 position by single residues of beta-D-glucopyranose by 17.3%. A polysaccharide with such a structure was isolated for the first time from the fungus genus Piptoporus.
Psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the aging transformation scale for elderly dementia patients

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract

Background: The key part of home care services is the assessment of the needs of the home environment for elderly patients with dementia. The present study was conducted to evaluate the psychometric properties of a newly adapted Chinese version of an instrument designed to measure aging transformation needs among elderly patients with dementia. Methods: A sample of 175 patients with elderly dementia was selected from ten communities in China. The 55-item aging transformation needs scale was answered by the participants. Content validity, Cronbach’s alpha, item-to-total correlation, and exploratory factor analysis were used to assess the reliability and validity of the instrument. Results: The aging transformation needs scale has a good surface validity, content validity, and structural validity. The content validity was 0.965; 55 items had large factor loads on their corresponding principal components (≥0.5). There was a significant correlation between the aging transformation needs scale and each component (r = 0.897-0.973, all P<0.01), and 9 components also had a high correlation (r = 765～0.977, all P<0.01); the total table Cronbach's α was 0.993, the Cronbach's α of each constituent factor was 0.944～0.990, and the correlation coefficient between factor and content was >0.40 (all P<0.01). Conclusions: Evidence was found to support the reliability and validity of the aging transformation needs scale that measures the quality of the aging transformation needs for patients with elderly dementia from an aging transformation needs perspective.
Comparative Response of the Hepatic Transcriptomes of Domesticated and Wild Turkey to Aflatoxin B1

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The food-borne mycotoxin aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) poses a significant risk to poultry, which are highly susceptible to its hepatotoxic effects. Domesticated turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) are especially sensitive, whereas wild turkeys (M. g. silvestris) are more resistant. AFB1 toxicity entails bioactivation by hepatic cytochrome P450s to the electrophilic exo-AFB1-8,9-epoxide (AFBO). Domesticated turkeys lack functional hepatic GST-mediated detoxification of AFBO, and this is largely responsible for the differences in resistance between turkey types. This study was designed to characterize transcriptional changes induced in turkey livers by AFB1, and to contrast the response of domesticated (susceptible) and wild (more resistant) birds. Gene expression responses to AFB1 were examined using RNA-sequencing. Statistically significant differences in gene expression were observed among treatment groups and between turkey types. Expression analysis identified 4621 genes with significant differential expression (DE) in AFB1-treated birds compared to controls. Characterization of DE transcripts revealed genes dis-regulated in response to toxic insult with significant association of Phase I and Phase II genes and others important in cellular regulation, modulation of apoptosis, and inflammatory responses. Constitutive expression of GSTA3 was significantly higher in wild birds and was significantly higher in AFB1-treated birds when compared to controls for both genetic groups. This pattern was also observed by qRT-PCR in other wild and domesticated turkey strains. Results of this study emphasize the differential response of these genetically distinct birds, and identify genes and pathways that are differentially altered in aflatoxicosis.
Impact of elevated atmospheric CO2 on nitrate reductase transcription and activity in leaves and roots of Plantago major

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Vegetative plants of an inbred line, A4, of Plantage major ssp. pleiosperma (L.) Pilger were grown at 350 mu l 1(-1) or at elevated (700 mu l l(-1)) CO2 in non-limiting nutrient solution with nitrate. Both the relative growth rate (RGR) and the root to total plant weight ratio (RWR) were increased by elevated CO2. However, the stimulation of both RGR and RWR was transient and did not last longer than 8 days. To investigate the physiological mechanisms involved in this stimulation, related changes in C/N metabolism were examined. In the roots soluble sugar concentration increased during the transient period of RGR stimulation (up to 23%), as did the root respiration rate. Changes in nitrogen metabolism were also restricted to this period and consisted of an increase in (1) in vivo and in vitro root nitrate reductase (EC 1.6.6.1) activity, (2) in vitro leaf nitrate reductase activity, (3) leaf and root nitrate reductase mRNA and (4) reduced nitrogen concentration in the roots. The elevated CO2-related signal for the increase in nitrate reductase transcript levels in the roots is discussed in terms of the increased availability of soluble sugars. The results suggest that the short-term enhancement of root carbon and nitrogen metabolism may be responsible for the transient effect of elevated CO, on whole plant RGR.
Oncogenomics of c-Myc transgenic mice reveal novel regulators of extracellular signaling, angiogenesis and invasion with clinical significance for human lung adenocarcinoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The c-Myc transcription factor is frequently deregulated in cancers. To search for disease diagnostic and druggable targets a transgenic lung cancer disease model was investigated. Oncogenomics identified c-Myc target genes in lung tumors. These were validated by RT-PCR, Western Blotting, EMSA assays and ChIP-seq data retrieved from public sources. Gene reporter and ChIP assays verified functional importance of c-Myc binding sites. The clinical significance was established by RT-qPCR in tumor and matched healthy control tissues, by RNA-seq data retrieved from the TCGA Consortium and by immunohistochemistry recovered from the Human Protein Atlas repository. In transgenic lung tumors 25 novel candidate genes were identified. These code for growth factors, Wnt/β-catenin and inhibitors of death receptors signaling, adhesion and cytoskeleton dynamics, invasion and angiogenesis. For 10 proteins over-expression was confirmed by IHC thus demonstrating their druggability. Moreover, c-Myc over-expression caused complete gene silencing of 12 candidate genes, including Bmp6, Fbln1 and Ptprb to influence lung morphogenesis, invasiveness and cell signaling events. Conversely, among the 75 repressed genes TNFα and TGF-β pathways as well as negative regulators of IGF1 and MAPK signaling were affected. Additionally, anti-angiogenic, anti-invasive, adhesion and extracellular matrix remodeling and growth suppressive functions were repressed. For 15 candidate genes c-Myc-dependent DNA binding and transcriptional responses in human lung cancer samples were confirmed. Finally, Kaplan-Meier survival statistics revealed clinical significance for 59 out of 100 candidate genes, thus confirming their prognostic value. In conclusion, previously unknown c-Myc target genes in lung cancer were identified to enable the development of mechanism-based therapies.
Sensitivity and resistance of microorganisms in infected surgical wounds on surgical floor of Mayo Hospital

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: There is an overwhelming concern around the world regarding the increasing number of resistant strains of microorganisms in all sorts of wounds. There is hardly any information about the prevalence and incidence of such resistance pattern in our local hospitals Methods: This study was done to probe into the common microorganisms and their culture sensitivities to antibiotics in surgical wound infections in general surgery wards of Mayo hospital. The study material included the pus specimens sent to pathology lab from general surgical wards. There culture sensitivity results were interpreted to find out the prevalence of individual microorganisms in surgical wounds and sensitivities and resistance to different antibiotics. Results: Staphylococcus aureus was the most common organism cultured (54.87%), followed by E.Coli (10%), pseudomonas(10%), proteus (7.9%) and kleibsiella (5.3%). 20 percent of wounds had mixed growth of organisms. Mixed growth of microorganisms was seen in 20% of cases. Conclusion: Most of the bacteria cultured were resistant to routinely used antibiotics.
CURRENT ASPECTS OF STRATEGIC CONFLICT MANAGEMENT IN THE SYSTEM OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The article examines the current components of strategic conflict management at the local government level. The importance of constructive conflicts that can prevent stagnation and stimulate further development of systems is emphasized. It is established that conflict management is aimed at choosing a method that will minimize the impact of negative emotions, give an objective description of the situation, determine further constructive actions of the parties to the conflict. It is emphasized that management without conflicts is impossible and the main strategies of conflict management in the system of local government are presented. It is noted that constructive conflict resolution provides certain options. Methods of conflict resolution, as well as their positive and negative sides, are described. The author's vision of an effective conflict management algorithm in the system of local government is presented and the need for proper assessment of the risk of conflicts to increase the effectiveness of this process is emphasized. Keywords: conflict management, local government, risk management, strategic conflict management, conflict resolution.
Standing stabilization for people with a disability in lower limbs using foot sensory substitution

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper describes the standing stabilization for people with a disability in lower limbs wearing an exoskeletal robot. There is a problem that people with a disability in lower limbs do not have sense of sole which is important for maintaining standing posture. Zero moment point or center of gravity are presented to the subject using visual and tactile method. As for tactile method, experiments are conducted for various skin part and various distance of adjacent solenoid pins of the tactile device.
Implications of Embryo Desiccation Tolerance, Seed Dormancy, and Seed Damage for Conservation of Pritchardia Palms Endemic to Hawaii

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Pritchardia remota (Kuntze) Becc. is an endemic Hawaiian palm. This species is listed as endangered due to threats such as invasive plants and animals, stochastic events, and/or reduced reproductive vigor. However, P. remota seeds are not presently stored in genebanks because it is presumed that they do not remain viable in storage. Yet, there are no studies that report the tolerance of Pritchardia species to storage conditions. Assessing the desiccation tolerance of Pritchardia is hampered by their difficult physiology. Germination is delayed in seeds of Pritchardia species and the mechanisms that control these delays are not understood. Clarifying these mechanisms can assist in forming propagation protocols for the creation of genetically diverse populations useful for recovery actions. Moreover, introduced vertebrate predators are known to damage seeds of Pritchardia. It is not known if Pritchardia seeds can tolerate damage and remain viable. The studies reported here show that developmental patterns in P. remota are intermediate to those observed for species that can and can not tolerate storage in genebanks. Embryos tolerate relatively high levels of drying and remain viable. However, they do not tolerate the extreme drying (< 0.10 g H2O/ g dry weight) necessary to maintain viability in conventional genebanks conditions. Therefore, it may be necessary to employ other techniques, such as cryo-preservation, to extend the longevity of this species in storage. Pritchardia remota seed are dormant at shedding. Emhryo growth is restricted by the operculum and endocarp. Emhryos are also underdeveloped and must reach a critical length, moisture content, and water potential for operculum displacement and subsequent radicle protrusion. Germination is hastened at warm constant temperatures {i.e., > 25°C) and if seeds are removed from the fruit coats. The combination of mechanisms suggests that P. remota seeds are morpho-physiologically dormant. Finally, moderate levels of seed damage may not be limiting in terms of germination for Pritchardia species. Damage to the endosperm caused seeds to germinate more rapidly compared to non-damaged seeds. Nevertheless, damaged seeds may succumb to fungal attack. Therefore, it is critical therefore to prevent predators from damaging Pritchardia seeds.
The law of private investment funds

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This book is a legal treatise dealing with collective investment funds and will be of principal interest to the investment funds industry and its advisers, rather than to trustees or trust lawyers generally. A private investment fund is an expression, now in general usage in the asset management industry in both the USA and Europe, to describe an investment fund that is not generally marketed to the public. In some jurisdictions they are also generically included by terms such as ‘unauthorized’ or ‘unregulated’ fund, although this does not assume that such funds, and in particular, their management and promotion, is not subject to any form of regulation at all. As well as to financial services regulation in those areas of activity, the fund itself, if structured as a trust, is also likely to be subject to the general principles of trust law in the jurisdiction of its governing law, to...
Essays on economic evaluation of efficiency in health care interventions

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The objective of this work is the evaluation of the impact of new direct acting antivirals for Hepatitis C as a case of disruptive healthcare innovation that challenged healthcare systems. Two systematic reviews address cost-utility analyses of new therapies and productivity costs of Hepatitis C. Then we present an assessment of clinical guidelines update at a European level from 2016 to 2018 and the method addresses methodological issues identified as lacking in previous works. Specifically, the Markov model included productivity cost measurement and real drug acquisition costs. The results confirm that European update on Hepatitis C treatment recommendations was efficient as it yielded health gains and savings on the cost side. Economic evaluation can be useful not only to assess healthcare innovations, but also as an efficiency test of clinical decisions.
Coupling career fairy tale “Fascinating Sociology Class”. How to teach sociology? The sociology of sociology

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper is a simple account of my teaching experience1, the aim of which is to answer the question: “How can we successfully teach interactionism, labeling theory, grounded theory and other sociological bases related to qualitative methods with the active participation of students?”. Through the examples of sociologists working in the Chicago Tradition, French sociologists working with Pierre Bourdieu, and other examples from American sociology, I show that sociological work is group activity. It is argued in this paper, that to make sociological thinking understandable to students teachers may do well to contextualize key theorists in their narrative/biographical context. The students learn, that sociologists are not magicians or genius individuals who produce attractive theories. Rather, they work in collaboration with other humans to generate knowledge. Moreoever, I demonstrate that sociologists’ contributions are often strongly related to and influenced by their broader life context.
Caregiver Religious Coping and Posttraumatic Responses in Pediatric Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract Objective Caregivers often experience their child’s hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HCT) treatment as traumatic. Although many caregivers develop posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) in response to supporting their child through HCT, other caregivers demonstrate posttraumatic growth (PTG). Religious coping may contribute to these different adjustment trajectories; however, more information is needed to clarify the unique associations of positive versus negative religious coping on caregiver PTSS and PTG in the context of pediatric HCT. This study aimed to examine the relationships between negative and positive religious coping on caregivers PTSS and PTG while controlling for caregiver sex, self-efficacy, and social support. Methods Caregivers (N = 140) of youth admitted to the hospital for their first HCT were asked to complete self-report measures of their use of positive and negative religious coping, PTSS, PTG, social support, and self-efficacy. Two hierarchical linear regressions were conducted to test hypotheses. Results Greater positive religious coping, but not negative religious coping, was associated with caregivers reporting more PTG in response to pediatric HCT. More negative religious coping, but not positive religious coping, was associated with caregivers experiencing greater PTSS. Conclusions Engaging in positive religious coping appears to promote better caregiver adjustment to pediatric HCT, whereas negative religious coping may increase caregiver risk for developing PTSS. Screening caregivers’ religious beliefs, including the type of religious coping they employ, could inform providers regarding the best approach to supporting caregivers towards a growth trajectory and mitigate PTSS.
Personhood and property in the jurisprudence of pregnancy

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Courts in the United Kingdom currently employ a conflict model of adjudicating maternal/foetal issues. This thesis aims to expose the inadequacy of the current model, to evaluate alternative approaches, and ultimately to propose a property-based model of adjudicating pregnancy. I begin by surveying some of the case-law under the conflict model and discussing the model's shortcomings. On the practical level, the conflict model leads to negative perceptions of pregnant women, fails to reflect the realities of pregnancy, and embodies legal and logical inconsistencies. On the theoretical level, problems arise from the model's necessary characterisation of the foetus as a 'sentient non-person'. This is problematic for two reasons, which are explored in chapters two and three respectively: first, because the sentience of the foetus is a matter of controversy second, because the concept of personhood is deeply flawed and is anyway incapable of functioning as a determinant of moral status. Later I review an alternative to the conflict model which has been proposed by Eileen L McDonagh: her 'consent model' of pregnancy which characterises pregnancy as an 'intrusion' by the foetus upon the body of the mother and views the right to terminate pregnancy as a right of 'self-defence' against this intrusion. I conclude that McDonagh's thesis fails, ultimately, to provide a satisfactory alternative to the conflict model. My own alternative to the conflict model, developed in chapter five, proposes a departure from the metaphysical language of personhood and moral status, and a focus on the legal framework of property as a method of adjudicating maternal / foetal issues.
SENSITIVITY ENHANCEMENT USING PARAMETRIC AMPLIFICATION IN A RESONANT SENSING ARRAY

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this work we describe the parametric amplification of a multi-degree of freedom resonant chemical mass sensing array.We experimentally demonstrate that parametric forcing can be employed to increase the effective resonant quality factor of the array structure via an applied base motion containing the appropriate frequency content.Applying parametric forcing in this manner is simple and aligns naturally with the vibrational properties of the sensing structure.Our effort to increase the effective quality factor is motivated by the desire to enhance the sensitivity of the device.
Additive hazards regression with current status data

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Journal Article Additive hazards regression with current status data Get access D. Y. LIN, D. Y. LIN Department of Biostatistics, Box 357232, University of WashingtonSeattle, Washington 98195, U.S.A.danyu@biostat.washington.edu Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar DAVID OAKES, DAVID OAKES Department of Biostatistics, University of Rochester Medical Center610 Elmwood Avenue, Box 630, Rochester, New York 14642, U.S.A.oakes@metro.bst.rochester.edu Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar ZHILIANG YING ZHILIANG YING Department of Statistics, Hill Center, Busch Campus, Rutgers UniversityPiscataway, New Jersey 08855, U.S.A.zying@stat.rutgers.edu Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Biometrika, Volume 85, Issue 2, June 1998, Pages 289–298, https://doi.org/10.1093/biomet/85.2.289 Published: 01 June 1998 Article history Received: 01 September 1996 Revision received: 01 September 1997 Published: 01 June 1998
The status of rabies in Ethiopia: A retrospective record review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Rabies, a viral disease that affects all warm-blooded animals, is widespread in many regions of the world. Human rabies, transmitted by dogs is an important public health issue in Ethiopia. To-date, effective rabies control program still remains to be a reality and needs to be strengthened..Objective: Reviewing of recorded data to generate information on the status of rabies in Ethiopia for the year 2001-2009.Methods: A retrospective data were used from the Ethiopian Health and Nutrition Research Institute rabies case record book registered between 2001 and 2009.Results: The fatal human cases during the period of study were 386 humans with annual range of 35 to 58. The over all post exposure treatment for humans was 17,204 within and around Addis Ababa. During the same period, 20,414 suspected rabid animals were clinically examined; nevertheless, only 10%were positive for rabies. Among 3,460 animal brains investigated in the laboratory with FAT, 75% were confirmed as rabies positive. The production and distribution of anti-rabies vaccine reached 130,673 treatment doses for human vaccine and 85,055 doses for animal vaccine respectively in the period of 2001-2009.Conclusion: The recorded data showed the underestimate of rabies diagnosis, post exposure prophylaxis and fatal human cases, which could be attributed due to the absence of national rabies surveillance system. Therefore, It is of paramount importance to assess and map the national picture of rabies within a given time interval to launch a national rabies control strategy. [Ethiop. J. Health Dev. 2010;24(2):127-132]