jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Abstractor and Indexer.

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Abstractor and Indexer.Erick I. HoegbergCite this: J. Chem. Doc. 1962, 2, 3, 165–167Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1962Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1962https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/c160006a014https://doi.org/10.1021/c160006a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views18Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Envisioning Collaboration: Group Verbal-Visual Composing in a System of Creativity (Cross, G.A.; 2011) [Book Review]

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In this text, the author investigates the creative processes between authors and authors. The author states that he is interested in verbal-visual collaboration because the increased visual nature of communication necessitates the collaboration between those specializing in visual communication and those specializing in verbal communication. This work will be of particular interest to theorists as well as instructors in graphic design, professional communication, as well as rhetoric and composition and those studying ethnographic methodologies.
Optimization of cable logging layout using a heuristic algorithm for network programming

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper describes a methodology for optimizing cable logging layout using a heuristic network algorithm. The methodology formulates a cable logging layout as a network problem. Each grid cell containing timber volume to be harvested is identified as an individual entry node of the network. Mill locations or proposed timber exit locations are identified as destinations. Then, each origin will be connected to one of destinations through alternative links representing different cable roads, harvesting equipment, landing locations, and truck road segments. A computerized model incorporating the methodology is introduced. The model is intended to optimize landing, harvest equipment, logging profile, and road location simultaneously using information from GIS layers. A heuristic method for network programming is used as an optimization technique in the model.
A Universal Fast Back Projection Method for Nonuniform Sampling Based on Nonuniform FFT

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Back projection (BP) is the basic method for most of radar imaging, such as synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging, through-the-wall imaging (TWI), ground penetrating radar (GPR) imaging, and etc. It also plays as an important role in the inverse scattering. For example, BP is an important iterative step in Born approximation based imaging and compressive-sensing-based imaging, and it is leading to a reasonable trial in nonlinear inverse scattering. The major problem of BP is that it is very time-consuming. However, when the imaging radar, i.e., the SIMO/MIMO radar, randomized sampling compressive sensing radar, has to take samples at uniform spatial points, the BP is seemed as the only choice. How to accelerate BP in the nonuniform sampling situation becomes a valuable problem. In this paper we propose a universal fast BP method for nonuniform sampling. The "universal" means the proposed method is suitable for arbitrary displacement of the transmitters and the receivers, for arbitrary kind of T/R antennas, for far field and near field imaging, and for the freespace and multilayered environment. The method is based on the nonuniform FFT (NuFFT). It firstly transforms the nonuniform time-spatial samples to the uniform ω-k domain samples, secondly maps the uniform ω-k domain samples to the nonuniform spectrum domain samples, and finally transforms the nonuniform spectrum domain samples to the uniform sampled imaging. The NuFFT accelerates the process and reduces the complexity of BP from O(MN) to O(Mlog(MN)), where M and N is the samples and the unknowns, respectively. The experiment results shows the validity and the efficiency of the proposed method.
Peking University - Juntendo University Joint Symposium on Cancer Research and Treatment

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The recent advance of precision medicine based on genetic information about a person’s disease would help us develop appropriate cancer diagnosis and treatment. However, the emergence of metastases and treatment failure, that accounts for cancer-related mortality in most cancer patients, is often conferred by tumor microenvironment presumably in a non-genetic fashion. Various non-neoplastic stromal cells orchestrating tumor microenvironment enable incipient carcinoma cells to acquire malignant phenotypes including invasion and metastatic traits and therapy-resistant propensity during the course of tumor progression.
Methyl Bromide Fumigation of Farmers Stock Peanuts In Flat Storage1,2

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Farmers stock peanuts, bulk stored inside large warehouses, were fumigated for 24 hr with methyl bromide (bromomethane) after thorough sealing of the facilities. Temperature of the peanuts varied from 21.8° to 26.8° C and gas concentrations monitored in the headspace above the peanuts decreased from 20.1 to 12.2 mg/liter during fumigation. Gas concentrations in the mass varied considerably during fumigation, being highest at the bottom of the peanuts. Gas concentrations decreased to less than 1 mg/liter after 48 h of aeration. Although tremendous populations of insects existed before fumigation, no insects survived the treatment. Bromide residues were much below the tolerance on the peanuts, although looseshelled kernels accumulated slightly higher residues than did sound mature kernels from pods. The success of the fumigation was attributed to the good construction of the warehouses and to the thorough sealing performed before the fumigation.
Functional properties of granule cells with hilar basal dendrites in the epileptic dentate gyrus

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Summary Objective The maturation of adult‐born granule cells and their functional integration into the network is thought to play a key role in the proper functioning of the dentate gyrus. In temporal lobe epilepsy, adult‐born granule cells in the dentate gyrus develop abnormally and possess a hilar basal dendrite (HBD). Although morphological studies have shown that these HBDs have synapses, little is known about the functional properties of these HBDs or the intrinsic and network properties of the granule cells that possess these aberrant dendrites. Methods We performed patch‐clamp recordings of granule cells within the granule cell layer “normotopic” from sham‐control and status epilepticus (SE) animals. Normotopic granule cells from SE animals possessed an HBD (SE + HBD + cells) or not (SE + HBD − cells). Apical and basal dendrites were stimulated using multiphoton uncaging of glutamate. Two‐photon Ca 2+ imaging was used to measure Ca 2+ transients associated with back‐propagating action potentials (bAPs). Results Near‐synchronous synaptic input integrated linearly in apical dendrites from sham‐control animals and was not significantly different in apical dendrites of SE + HBD − cells. The majority of HBDs integrated input linearly, similar to apical dendrites. However, 2 of 11 HBDs were capable of supralinear integration mediated by a dendritic spike. Furthermore, the bAP‐evoked Ca 2+ transients were relatively well maintained along HBDs, compared with apical dendrites. This further suggests an enhanced electrogenesis in HBDs. In addition, the output of granule cells from epileptic tissue was enhanced, with both SE + HBD − and SE + HBD + cells displaying increased high‐frequency (>100 Hz) burst‐firing. Finally, both SE + HBD − and SE + HBD + cells received recurrent excitatory input that was capable of generating APs, especially in the absence of feedback inhibition. Significance Taken together, these data suggest that the enhanced excitability of HBDs combined with the altered intrinsic and network properties of granule cells collude to promote excitability and synchrony in the epileptic dentate gyrus.
Bioactivity of Hydnora africana on selected bacterial pathogens: Preliminary phytochemical screening

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Medicinal plants contain a variety of chemical substances with important therapeutic properties that can be utilized in the treatment of human diseases. Hydonora africana is used in folklore remedies for the treatment of diarrhoea, dysentery, kidney and bladder complaints among other ailments; hence we assessed the in vitro antimicrobial activity of this plant against three bacterial species (Helicobacter pylori ATCC 43526, Helicobacter pylori PE 252C, Staphylococcus aureus NCTC 6571 and Aeromonas hydrophila ATCC 35654). The agar well diffusion method was used to determine the susceptibility of bacterial strains to crude extracts of the plant. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC50) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the active crude extracts were determined by the microdilution test. Ciprofloxacin (0.0125 mg/mL) was used as positive control. The presence of phytochemicals was also assessed using standard methods. Results were analyzed statistically by the one-way ANOVA test. Hydnora africana demonstrated antimicrobial activity against all the organisms with a mean zone diameter of inhibition ranging from 0 to 22 mm. The MIC50 of the extracts ranged from 0.078 to 2.5 mg/mL and MBC ranged from 0.78 to 25 mg/mL. Phytochemical assay revealed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, saponins and steroids in the extracts. It is concluded that H. africana may contain compounds with therapeutic activity. Key words: Hydnora africana, medicinal plant, minimum inhibitory concentration, minimum bactericidal concentration, phytochemicals.
Implementation of cervical cancer prevention services for HIV-infected women in Zambia: measuring program effectiveness

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Groesbeck P, Mwanahamuntu M, Sahasrabuddhe V, et al. HIV Ther 2010;4:713–722[OpenUrl][1][CrossRef][2] Groesbeck and his team report on the outcomes of the new public sector cervical cancer screening programme, which was launched in Zambia in 2006. The programme is the product of a partnership between the Zambian Ministry of Health, the National Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Lusaka University Teaching Hospital, Zambia and the University of Alabama, USA. The cervical screening programme is open to all women but this article described the outcomes in HIV-positive women from the 'screen and treat' service. This is an area of current interest, as not only is cervical cancer a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in low-income countries, it is also known that women worldwide who are HIV-positive have the highest risk of being affected by both cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and invasive cervical cancer (ICC).1 HIV prevalence continues to grow, with over 40 million people affected worldwide. If programmes for screening and treating can be shown to be effective, they could make significant improvements in the lives of thousands of women. The issue the article aimed to address … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DHIV%2BTher%26rft.volume%253D4%26rft.spage%253D713%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.2217%252Fhiv.10.52%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.2217/hiv.10.52&link_type=DOI
REVERSIBLE EFFECTS OF CHEMICAL TREATMENTS ON THE RHYTHMIC EXUDATION OF SAP BY TOBACCO ROOTS

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The exudation of sap from the decapitated stem by solution-cultured root systems of tobacco was measured continuously under constant conditions. The nicotine content of the sap was analyzed as an indicator of solute originating in the root cells. The typical, persistent endogenous rhythm of exudative activity was observed in both volume and nicotine content of sap. The rhythmic control was independent of respiration and of ionic changes designed to influence permeability, but it was reversibly affected by actinomycin D, which implicates DNA function. The removal of potassium or oxygen from the culture solution or the addition of cyanide to it caused a brief transient stimulatory response in exudative rate. Continued anaerobiosis reversibly stimulated exudation in a massive final cycle. These observations support the concept that exudation is a passive phenomenon, of solute leakage and osmosis, dependent on active salt accumulation.
Serum Sphingolipids Aiding the Diagnosis of Adult HIV-Negative Patients with Talaromyces marneffei Infection

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Increasing attention has been directed to Talaromyces marneffei ( T. marneffei ) infection in HIV-negative patients due to its high mortality rate. However, nonspecific symptoms and biological characteristics similar to those of other common pathogenic fungi complicate the rapid and accurate diagnosis of T. marneffei infection. Sphingolipids (SPLs) are bioactive lipids involved in the regulation of various physiological and pathological processes and have been identified as serum biomarkers for several diseases. This study employed a sphingolipidomic approach established in our previous work to explore the use of serum SPLs in the diagnosis of HIV-negative patients with T. marneffei infection. Additional clinical cohorts of patients infected with other microorganisms were also recruited. We found that sphinganine (Sa) (d16:0) exhibited obvious depletion after infection; moreover, its level in patients with T. marneffei infection was significantly lower than that in patients infected with other microorganisms. Therefore, Sa (d16:0) was considered a specific diagnostic biomarker for T. marneffei infection, and 302.71 nM was selected as the optimal cutoff value with a diagnostic sensitivity of 87.5% and specificity of 100%. These results suggested that determination of serum Sa (d16:0) levels can be used as a new alternative tool for the rapid diagnosis of T. marneffei infection in HIV-negative patients.
Aberrant expression of ALDH1, MMP9, Integrin αvβ3, and KiSS-1 in invasive ductal carcinoma and their clinical significance.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The expression of ALDH1, MMP9, Integrin αvβ3, and KiSS-11 should represent promising biomarkers in predicting metastasis and prognosis, as well as being potential therapeutic targets for IDC.
A Focus Group Study on Preschool Director and Teacher’s Experience of Eco-Early Childhood Education

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

목적 본 연구는 포커스 집단 인터뷰를 통해 생태보육 운영 초기에 겪는 어린이집 원장과 교사의 경험에 대하여 탐색하는 것을 통해 생태보육으로 전환을 희망하는 어린이집에 유의미한 시사점을 제공하고자 하였다. 방법 이를 위해 어린이집을 생태보육 운영으로 전환하고자 하는 어린이집 원장 6명 그리고 교사 6명을 연구대상으로 선정하였다. 자료수집 방법은 포커스 집단 인터뷰를 적용하고 매회 1시간 40분~2시간 15분 정도의 시간이 소요되었으며 총 6회 면담이 진행되었다. 인터뷰는 2020년 6월 15일부터 7월 10일까지 진행되었으며 모든 대화 내용은 전사하여 분석하였다. 결과 본 연구에서 수집된 자료를 기반으로 분석한 결과 생태보육 운영 초기에 경험하는 경험은 (1) 생태보육을 바라보는 시각 (2) 생태보육 운영상의 현실 (3) 생태보육 운영을 위한 요구의 3가지 주제와 13개의 하위 주제로 나타났다. 결론 본 연구를 통해 생태보육 운영 초기 생태보육에 대한 시각과 현실의 어려움을 살펴보았으며, 이를 기반으로 운영 방향을 모색하는 것을 통해 국내의 생태보육의 원할한 운영을 위한 기초자료를 제공하였다.
An e-service quality assessment of house rental websites based on the Kano model and Multiple Criteria Decision Making method (MCDM) in Taiwan

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Amidst the advanced Internet and mounting popularity in network users, information transmission has become easily accessible to all. As a natural result, house leasehold websites have been mushrooming exactly like bamboo shoots after a spring rain. How can these websites better strengthen services to create more competitive edge? This is exactly the very motive behind the present study. According to the study results, it is concluded that (i) an electronic service quality (e-SQ) scale proposed by ZPM (2005) is highly applicable to the e-SQ assessment of house rental websites; (ii) the three criteria of greatest importance are contact, responsiveness and compensation, which all belong to restored dimensions; (iii) compared with DEMATEL graphics, Kano graphics can present a more authentic world and provide more precise information concerning decision making. Key words: ANP, e-service quality, house rental website, Kano model, multiple criteria decision making method (MCDM).
Analysis of Wafer Warpage in Diamond Wire Saw Slicing Sapphire Crystal

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

During the diamond wire saw cutting process of sapphire crystals, warpage is one of the key parameters for evaluating wafer quality. Based on the thermoelasticity theory and diamond wire saw cutting theory, a finite element model for thermal analysis of diamond wire saw cutting sapphire crystals was established in this paper. The variation laws and internal connections of the temperature field and thermal deformation displacement field of the wafer during the sawing process were analyzed. A calculation and analysis model for the warpage of sapphire crystal wafer cut by wire saw was established based on the node thermal deformation displacement field of the wafer, and the rationality of the simulation results was verified through sawing experiments. This simulation calculation model constructs the mapping relationship between the process parameters of diamond wire sawing and the sapphire wafer warpage during sawing. The influence of wafer thickness, diamond wire speed, feed rate, diamond wire diameter, and tension on the warpage of the wafer was studied using the simulation model. The results indicate that the highest temperature occurs in the sawing area during cutting. The wafer thickness decreases and the warpage increases. The wafer warpage decreases with the increase of the diamond wire tension and diameter, and increases with the increase of diamond wire speed and feed rate. The research results provide a reference for understanding the variation of wafer warpage during sawing and optimizing sawing process parameters.
Genetic signature of adult gliomas and correlation with MRI features

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In recent years the amount of information concerning the genetics and the biology of gliomas, and particularly of glioblastoma multiforme, increased steadily. Such an increase has been paralleled by the technological progress of MRI. The merging of these scientific areas, as summarized in this review, is helping the stratification of glioma patients for clinical trials and their clinical follow-up. Although available therapeutic options appear limited in number, it is likely that in the next 5 years, both as a consequence of the increased knowledge due to genomic sequencing of hundreds of glioblastoma specimens and to continuous improvements of MRI, new perspectives will be available for these patients, with a sizable impact on their prognosis.
The composition of alpha case of the titanium casting obtained in a ceramic mold based on MgO

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy method has been used to study the alpha case formed on the surface of a titanium alloy during its casting into ceramic molds, based on a mixture of oxides of magnesium, silicon, calcium, and water glass, as a binder. It is established that the alpha case consists of mold metal oxides, titanium oxides and complex intermetallic compounds based on titanium and mold elements.
Delayed puberty in boys in central Sweden: an observational study on diagnosing and management in clinical practice

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives To compare the usefulness of the classical definition of delayed puberty (DP) in boys with puberty nomograms and to describe the management of DP in boys in a hospital-based setting. Study design Observational retrospective multicentre study with a short-term follow-up. Setting and participants Boys diagnosed with DP during 2013–2015 at paediatric departments in four counties in central Sweden. The medical records of 165 boys were reviewed. Primary and secondary outcome measures Number of boys with DP after re-evaluation of the diagnosis according to the classical definition in comparison with puberty nomograms. Description of investigations performed and treatment provided to boys with DP. Results In total, 45 and 58 boys were found to have DP according to the classical definition and the nomograms, respectively. Biochemical and/or radiological testing was performed in 91% of the 58 boys, but an underlying disease was only found in 9% of them. Approximately 79% of the boys received testosterone treatment, either as injections of testosterone enanthate or as testosterone undecanoate. Conclusions Puberty nomograms may be helpful instruments when diagnosing pubertal disorders in boys as they are not limited to an age close to 14 years and also identify boys with pubertal arrest. The majority of boys with DP undergo biochemical or radiological examinations, but underlying diseases are unusual emphasising the need for structural clinical practice guidelines for this patient group.
Application of Artificial Neural Networks for Analysis of13C NMR Spectra of Fucoidans

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A new approach for structure determination of native and O-desulfated fucoidans by the analysis of their 13C NMR spectra by artificial neural networks (ANNs) is described. Two ANN models were studied: the simple three-layer feed-forward network, which employs supervised learning, and the adaptive resonance theory (ART) network with unsupervised learning. Training sets for the networks were constructed using chemical shifts of synthetic oligofucosides. The results obtained demonstrate that both models worked better in the case of desulfated fucoidans, while the ART-type networks gave better results in sulfated (native) fucoidan structure elucidation.