jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Methodological Approach for the Study of Historical Centres of High Architectural Value Affected by Geo-Hydrological Hazards: The Case of Lanciano (Abruzzo Region—Central Italy)

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The study of geo-hydrological problems in urban contexts of considerable historical importance plays an extremely interesting role in the safeguarding of architectural and artistic assets of great value. The need to guarantee the conservation of monumental heritage is an ethical and moral requirement that new generations have a duty to support. Operating in urbanised contexts is extremely difficult, due to the presence of infrastructures and underground services that prevent the execution of classical surveys and prospecting. The technologies currently available, however, allow us to also investigate the subsoil in a non-destructive way and to control the evolution of active natural phenomena in a continuous and automated way with remote-sensing techniques. The methodological approach consists of the development of a series of cognitive investigations, aimed at identifying the elements of weakness of the soil system, so as to be able to subsequently undertake the most appropriate decisions for the reduction of geo-hydrological risks. The case here analysed concerns Lanciano city (Central Italy), famous for its pre-Roman origins, that was affected by a violent storm in the summer of 2018. This event devastated the inhabited Centre with flooding of all the neighbourhoods and the collapse of parts of buildings. For this reason, direct and indirect geognostic investigations were carried out within the Historical Centre, which is of considerable architectural value, and an important monitoring system was installed. The actual geo-hydrological hazard was planned using 3D numerical modelling to define the hydraulic and deformational behaviour of the subsoil. Comparison between the modelling performed and the monitoring data acquired has allowed us to understand the complex behaviour of the subsoil and the subsidence mechanisms of the Historic Centre.
Reason Maintenance

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In previous chapters, we examined various attempts to formalize defeasible reasoning, that is, reasoning in which a previously derivable conclusion must be abandoned when the system's knowledge-base is augmented with some new premise. The modelling of defeasible reasoning is important in AI, since, in general, the acquisition of new information can have various effects on what one believes, causing not only new beliefs to be adopted, but also old ones to be abandoned. For example, a detective investigating a murder may, upon discovering a new clue, change his mind about who the culprit is, or a scientist investigating some natural phenomenon may, upon reading about a new experiment, modify or abandon previously held theories.
Cosmic microwave background anisotropy data correlation in WMAP and Relikt-1 experiments

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

¥.±. ³ÍÖÎÂÚÈÄ±ÓÑÄÇAEÇÐÑ ÔÑÒÑÔÕÂÄÎÇÐËÇ AEÂÐÐÞØ ÒÑ ÂÐËÊÑÕÓÑÒËË ÓÇÎËÍÕÑÄÑÅÑ ËÊÎÖÚÇÐËâ, ÒÑÎÖÚÇÐÐÞØ ÔÑ ÔÒÖÕÐËÍÂ WMAP (ÐÂÃÎáAEÇÐËâ 2001 ë 2006 ÅÅ.) Ë Ä ÓÇÊÖÎßÕÂÕÇ àÍÔÒÇÓËÏÇÐÕÂ "²ÇÎËÍÕ-1" (ÐÂÃÎáAEÇÐËâ 1983 ë 1984 ÅÅ.).±Ñ-ÍÂÊÂÐÑ, ÚÕÑ Ä ÑÃÐÂÓÖÉÇÐÐÑÌ "²ÇÎËÍÕÑÏ-1" ÑÃÎÂÔÕË ÒÑÐËÉÇÐÐÑÌ ÕÇÏÒÇÓÂÕÖÓÞ ÐÂØÑAEËÕÔâ ÔÂÏÑÇ "ØÑÎÑAE-ÐÑÇ" ÒâÕÐÑ ÓÂAEËÑÍÂÓÕÞ WMAP
Black tea supplementation augments redox balance in rats: relevance to aging

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Several health beneficial effects have been attributed to tea consumption, most of the effects are due to the strong antioxidant property of tea catechins. The present study evaluates the effect of black tea extract (BTE) supplementation on the redox balance of rats at different stages in their life span. We have evaluated erythrocyte and plasma redox status in young (4 months), middle-aged (12 months) and old-aged (24 months) male Wistar rats, by quantifying an array of parameters linked to redox status. Our results show that BTE augments redox status, measured in terms of intracellular reduced glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs), plasma membrane redox system (PMRS) and ferric reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP) of plasma, in rats from three different age groups. This study provides experimental evidence of a strong antioxidant property of black tea on rats in different stages of their lifespan.
Electronic analogue of DNA

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

It is known that the internal mobility of DNA molecules plays an important role in the functioning of these molecules. This explains the great interest of researchers in studying the internal dynamics of DNA. Complexity, laboriousness and high cost of research in this field stimulate the search and creation of simpler physical analogues, convenient for simulating the various dynamic regimes possible in DNA. One of the directions of such a search is connected with the use of a mechanical analogue of DNA - a chain of coupled pendulums. In this model, pendulums imitate nitrous bases, horizontal thread on which pendulums are suspended, simulates a sugarphosphate chain, and gravitational field simulates a field induced by a second strand of DNA. Simplicity and visibility are the main advantages of the mechanical analogue. However, the model becomes too cumbersome in cases where it is necessary to simulate long (more than a thousand base pairs) DNA sequences. Another direction is associated with the use of an electronic analogue of the DNA molecule, which has no shortcomings of the mechanical model. In this paper, we investigate the possibility of using the Josephson line as an electronic analogue. We calculated the coefficients of the direct and indirect transformations for the simple case of a homogeneous, synthetic DNA, the sequence of which contains only adenines. The internal mobility of the DNA molecule was modeled by the sine-Gordon equation for angular vibrations of nitrous bases belonging to one of the two polynucleotide chains of DNA. The second polynucleotide chain was modeled as a certain average field in which these oscillations occur. We obtained the transformation, allowing the transition from DNA to an electronic analog in two ways. The first includes two stages: (1) the transition from DNA to the mechanical analogue (a chain of coupled pendulums) and (2) the transition from the mechanical analogue to the electronic one (the Josephson line). The second way is direct. It includes only one stage - a direct transition from DNA to the electronic analogue.
Hindered Coarsening of a Phase-Separating Microemulsion Due to Dispersed Colloidal Particles

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The addition of sterically stabilized colloidal particles to a phase-separating microemulsion leads to dramatic changes in its demixing behavior, especially during the later stages. Our microemulsion is composed of reverse micelles of sodium dodecyl sulfate, pentanol, and water in a dodecane continuous phase which separates into micelle-rich and micelle-poor phases above a lower critical solution temperature. The poly(methyl methacrylate) particles preferentially partition into the less structured, micelle-poor phase. Nucleation of the minority phase or spinodal decomposition close to criticality continue to occur in the presence of particles, albeit with pronounced pretransitional clustering of particles when the micelle-poor phase is in the minority. The coalescence of micelle-poor droplets and the coarsening of micelle-rich domains are both strongly modified due to the presence of colloidal particles. We use our observations of the early stages of phase separation to understand these late stage changes.
Mutagenicity Profile Induced by UVB Light in Human Xeroderma Pigmentosum Group C Cells†

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Nucleotide excision repair (NER) is one of the main pathways for genome protection against structural DNA damage caused by sunlight, which in turn is extensively related to skin cancer development. The mutation spectra induced by UVB were investigated by whole‐exome sequencing of randomly selected clones of NER‐proficient and XP‐C‐deficient human skin fibroblasts. As a model, a cell line unable to recognize and remove lesions (XP‐C) was used and compared to the complemented isogenic control (COMP). As expected, a significant increase of mutagenesis was observed in irradiated XP‐C cells, mainly C>T transitions, but also CC>TT and C>A base substitutions. Remarkably, the C>T mutations occur mainly at the second base of dipyrimidine sites in pyrimidine‐rich sequence contexts, with 5′T C sequence the most mutated. Although T>N mutations were also significantly increased, they were not directly related to pyrimidine dimers. Moreover, the large‐scale study of a single UVB irradiation on XP‐C cells allowed recovering the typical mutation spectrum found in human skin cancer tumors. Eventually, the data may be used for comparison with the mutational profiles of skin tumors obtained from XP‐C patients and may help to understand the mutational process in nonaffected individuals.
Leaching of biomass from semi-natural grasslands – Effects on chemical composition and ash high-temperature behaviour

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Combustion of biodiversity-rich semi-natural grassland biomass no longer needed for forage allows nature conservation to be combined with bioenergy production. Natural leaching by rainfall during the period between biomass harvest and collection can reduce the content of elements detrimental for the combustion of grassland biomass. This study assesses the influence of biomass characteristics on leaching efficiency and the potential effects of leaching on ash melting behaviour and elemental release. Grassland biomass harvested from five sites at two harvest dates was leached at two intensities. Low-temperature ash was heated to 700, 800, 900 and 1000 degrees C respectively and classified into four ash fusion classes. Ash mass loss was determined as a measure of high-temperature elemental release. Weather data were used to calculate the frequency of weather conditions favourable to on-field leaching. K and Cl were leached most strongly and were reduced by 30 and 45% respectively by a leaching treatment corresponding to 30-40 mm of rain. The effects of site and harvest date on leaching efficiency were significant but small. Ash melting behaviour and elemental release between 700 and 900 degrees C were favourably influenced by leaching. The K/(Ca + Mg) and Si/ash ratios were related to increased ash melting. In this respect, semi-natural grassland biomass differs from other, less Ca-rich, herbaceous biofuels. Even if suitable weather conditions are not occurring frequently at the study sites, on-field leaching can offer an additional low-cost, on-farm strategy option for farmers and nature conservation agencies to improve biomass quality of nature conservation grasslands for combustion. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Life Cycle Assessment and Costing of Large-Scale Battery Energy Storage Integration in Lombok’s Power Grid

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

One of the main challenges of Lombok Island, Indonesia, is the significant disparity between peak load and base load, reaching 100 MW during peak hours, which is substantial considering the island’s specific energy dynamics. Battery energy storage systems provide power during peak times, alleviating grid stress and reducing the necessity for grid upgrades. By 2030, one of the proposed capacity development scenarios on the island involves deploying large-scale lithium-ion batteries to better manage the integration of solar generation. This paper focuses on the life cycle assessment and life cycle costing of a lithium iron phosphate large-scale battery energy storage system in Lombok to evaluate the environmental and economic impacts of this battery development scenario. This analysis considers a cradle-to-grave model and defines 10 environmental and 4 economic midpoint indicators to assess the impact of battery energy storage system integration with Lombok’s grid across manufacturing, operation, and recycling processes. From a life cycle assessment perspective, the operation subsystem contributes most significantly to global warming, while battery manufacturing is responsible for acidification, photochemical ozone formation, human toxicity, and impacts on marine and terrestrial ecosystems. Recycling processes notably affect freshwater due to their release of 4.69 × 10−4 kg of lithium. The life cycle costing results indicate that over 85% of total costs are associated with annualized capital costs at a 5% discount rate. The levelized cost of lithium iron phosphate batteries for Lombok is approximately 0.0066, demonstrating that lithium-ion batteries are an economically viable option for Lombok’s 2030 capacity development scenario. A sensitivity analysis of input data and electricity price fluctuations confirms the reliability of our results within a 20% margin of error. Moreover, increasing electricity prices for battery energy storage systems in Lombok can reduce the payback period to 3.5 years.
Abstract 2919: Targeting regulatory T cells to boost immunity against melanoma

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Tumor-infiltrated regulatory T-cells (Treg) restrict the function of effector T-cells and thereby promote tumor growth. Disrupting the immunosuppression of Treg cells presents an attractive strategy for cancer immunotherapy; However, the risk of autoimmunity, resulting from systemic Treg depletion, limits its therapeutic effectiveness. Here, we show that genetic depletion of Ube2n in Treg cells inhibits tumor growth which is correlated with a markedly enhanced infiltration of cytotoxic immune cells. Notably, the deletion of Ube2n in a fraction of Treg cells was sufficient to produce a long-lasting anti-tumor effect, without apparent systemic autoimmune responses. The antitumor effect persists following adoptive T-cell transfer to an otherwise immunodeficient mouse tumor model. Through flow cytometry, immunostaining and T-cell targeted single-cell sequencing analyses, we demonstrate that the loss of Ube2n dampens Treg suppressive function, as indicated by markedly increased numbers of cytotoxic CD8 T-cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Further, differentially expressed genes analyses show a downregulation of Mki67 and an upregulation of Ifng in Ube2n deficient Tregs, concomitant with amplification and activation of effector T-cells. Our findings uncover a hitherto unexplored role of Ube2n in orchestrating the differentiation and functions of Treg in TME, highlighting the therapeutic potential of targeting this pathway to enhance and reprogram anti-tumor immunity. Citation Format: Wanying Miao, Yingai J. Jin, Vaibhav Jain, Simon Gregory, Jennifer Y. Zhang. Targeting regulatory T cells to boost immunity against melanoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 2919.
A CASE OF NON-INVASIVE BREAST CANCER JUST BELOW THE NIPPLE WITH DIFFERENTIATION TO NUEROENDOCRlNE TUMOR

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

症例は66歳，女性．乳癌検診を目的に当院を受診した．腫瘤は触知せず，乳頭の異常や血性分泌はなく，マンモグラフィ検査でも異常は認められなかったものの，超音波検査で左乳頭直下に，直径6mm大の腫瘤を認めた．マンモトーム生検組織診でinvasive ductal carcinomaと診断され，乳房温存術を行った．術後，組織の再検討を行ったところ，神経内分泌腫瘍への分化を呈した非浸潤性乳癌（NE-DCIS）と最終診断された．NE-DCISは良性的な細胞所見を有することが多く，針もしくはマンモトーム生検で乳頭腫と診断されやすい．本症例のように乳管内増殖病変の診断に苦慮する場合にはNE-DCISが関与していることが多く，文献的考察を加え報告する．
NADPH Oxidase 1 Plays a Key Role in Diabetes Mellitus–Accelerated Atherosclerosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background— In diabetes mellitus, vascular complications such as atherosclerosis are a major cause of death. The key underlying pathomechanisms are unclear. However, hyperglycemic oxidative stress derived from NADPH oxidase (Nox), the only known dedicated enzyme to generate reactive oxygen species appears to play a role. Here we identify the Nox1 isoform as playing a key and pharmacologically targetable role in the accelerated development of diabetic atherosclerosis. Methods and Results— Human aortic endothelial cells exposed to hyperglycemic conditions showed increased expression of Nox1, oxidative stress, and proinflammatory markers in a Nox1-siRNA reversible manner. Similarly, the specific Nox inhibitor, GKT137831, prevented oxidative stress in response to hyperglycemia in human aortic endothelial cells. To examine these observations in vivo, we investigated the role of Nox1 on plaque development in apolipoprotein E–deficient mice 10 weeks after induction of diabetes mellitus. Deletion of Nox1, but not Nox4, had a profound antiatherosclerotic effect correlating with reduced reactive oxygen species formation, attenuation of chemokine expression, vascular adhesion of leukocytes, macrophage infiltration, and reduced expression of proinflammatory and profibrotic markers. Similarly, treatment of diabetic apolipoprotein E–deficient mice with GKT137831 attenuated atherosclerosis development. Conclusions— These studies identify a major pathological role for Nox1 and suggest that Nox1-dependent oxidative stress is a promising target for diabetic vasculopathies, including atherosclerosis.
Genetics of pork quality

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Fresh pork quality has become important and has received more attention as producers and processors try to meet consumer demand for high quality, nutritious products. Many different traits have been investigated as indicators of consumer acceptance of fresh pork. These include color, firmness, pH, intramuscular fat percentage (marbling), waterholding capacity, tenderness, juiciness, and flavor. Each of these has been shown to be low to moderately heritable (Sonesson et al., 1998; Knapp et al., 1997) and to impact consumer acceptance of fresh pork products. However, measuring these traits in the live animal is difficult.\nIntramuscular fat percentage (IMF) is one of the meat quality traits which has the potential to be measured in the live animal and has favorable genetic correlations with many of the remaining meat quality traits. Therefore, the primary objective of my Ph.D. research has been the investigation of intramuscular fat percentage of the loin. This has included measuring IMF in the live animal using real-time ultrasound, estimation of genetic parameters for IMF predicted from real-time ultrasound and its relationship with other meat quality traits, the implementation of IMF estimation into a selection project to increase IMF in a population of Duroc swine, and a comparison of different models to estimate breeding values for IMF.
The Context and Process for Performance Evaluations: Necessary Preconditions for the Use of Performance Evaluations as a Measure of Performance—A Critique of Perry

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article challenges Perry's research using performance evaluations to determine whether the educational background of child welfare workers is predictive of performance. Institutional theory, an understanding of street-level bureaucracies, and evaluations of field education performance measures are offered as necessary frameworks for Perry's findings. Performance evaluations are insufficient absent a discussion of the link between organizational goals, supervisor training, practice protocols, and performance measurement tools. Three questions inform this critique and examples from child welfare practice illustrate the ways performance measures in this study may actually be a measure of organizational stasis and pressure to conform to practice as it has been.
Some aspects of forestry and exploitation forest

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In this article, the authors focus on presenting significant aspects regarding the emergence, consolidation and development of official Romanian statistics. The context in which the statistical offices in Moldavia and Wallachia were established for the first time, and then the evolution stage of the official statistical institution, under the most diverse denominations, to this day. An analysis of forestry and logging is then carried out. There are series of data and graphs that give suggestion and confirm the expressed opinions.
Biological parameters of the triatomine, Meccus phyllosomus pallidipennis , fed on two bloodmeal sources under laboratory conditions

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Chagas disease is one of the most important vector‐borne diseases in Latin America, including Mexico. Meccus phyllosomus pallidipennis (Stål), 1872 (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) is a Mexican triatomine vector that is commonly associated with hens and rabbits. The biological parameters of two cohorts fed on hens (H) and on rabbits (R) were evaluated. The median lifecycles of the two cohorts were 198 days (H) and 180 days (R). Moreover, mortality was around 30% in both cohorts. Time lapse for beginning of feeding was 0.5–1.9 (H) and 1.1–2.4 min (R). Feeding times of each instar in both cohorts were over 10 min. Most specimens fed on hens defecated immediately after feeding, whereas those that fed on rabbits defecated within 1–5 min post‐feeding. Similar numbers of males and females (50%) were obtained in both cohorts. An average of 2.1–2.3 eggs per female per day was noted in both cohorts, with eclosion rates of 95.4 (H) and 88.8% (R). Thus, it can be concluded that M. phyllosomus pallidipennis may take advantage of feeding in hens, as in rabbits, which could imply a higher risk of Trypanosoma cruzi transmission to humans and animals in its distribution area.
Mode of Action of Epoxyphomalins A and B and Characterization of Related Metabolites from the Marine-Derived Fungus <i>Paraconiothyrium</i> sp.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Epoxyphomalins A (<b>1</b>) and B (<b>2</b>) are highly potent cytotoxic fungal metabolites. During the course of purifying larger quantities of <b>1</b> and <b>2</b> from <i>Paraconiothyrium</i> sp. fermentation extracts, three new epoxyphomalins (<b>3</b>−<b>5</b>) were isolated and characterized, showing modifications to the oxidation pattern of the cyclohexene moiety or of C-9 of the decalin system. IC<sub>50</sub> values for cytotoxicity against a panel of 36 human tumor cell lines were determined for all new compounds. Compound <b>4</b> was found to be cytotoxic particularly toward prostate PC3M (IC<sub>50</sub> = 0.72 μM) and bladder BXF 1218 L (IC<sub>50</sub> = 1.43 μM) cancer cell lines. In addition, inhibition of chymotrypsin-, caspase-, and trypsin-like activity of purified 20S proteasomes was determined for epoxyphomalins A (<b>1</b>) and B (<b>2</b>). The results indicate that compounds <b>1</b> and <b>2</b> exert their cytotoxic effect through potent inhibition of the 20S proteasome.