jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Angiogenesis and Hepatocellular Carcinoma: From Molecular Mechanisms to Systemic Therapies

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver malignancy. The hypervascular nature of the majority of HCCs and the peculiar vascular derangement occurring during liver carcinogenesis underscore the importance of angiogenesis in the development and progression of these tumors. Indeed, several angiogenic molecular pathways have been identified as deregulated in HCC. The hypervascular nature and the peculiar vascularization of HCC, as well as deregulated angiogenic pathways, represent major therapeutic targets. To a large extent, intra-arterial locoregional treatments (transarterial-(chemo)embolization) rely on tumor ischemia caused by embolization of tumor feeding arteries, even though this may represent the “primum movens” of tumor recurrence through the activation of neoangiogenesis. Considering systemic therapies, the currently available tyrosine kinase inhibitors (sorafenib, regorafenib, cabozantinib and lenvatinib) and monoclonal antibodies (ramucirumab and bevacizumab, in combination with the anti-PD-L1, atezolizumab) primarily target, among others, angiogenic pathways. Considering the importance of angiogenesis in the pathogenesis and treatment of liver cancer, in this paper, we aim to review the role of angiogenesis in HCC, addressing the molecular mechanisms, available antiangiogenic therapies and prognostic biomarkers in patients receiving these treatments.
VIDEO BLOGGERS’ SPEECH BEHAVIOUR FEATURES ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE VEHICHLES REVIEW

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The aim of this article is to identify the features of speech behavior of video bloggers from the point of view of pragmalinguistics, where the main object of the research is the communicant’s conscious and unconscious choice of speech means. The method of traditional content analysis is used to study the conscious choice of language means by a video blogger, while the method of modified content analysis is used to study the unconscious choice. Fragments of speech of videoblogers, whose videos are devoted to retro vehicles reviews were taken as a research material. This article defines such concepts as Internet discourse, blog and video blog, and also identifies and shows on examples the common linguistic features that are found among video bloggers in the field of retro transport. These features will allow to further form speech portraits of video bloggers and determine their personal traits. These traits show what norms of culture, behavior, communication, even the psychology of people’s thinking are formed among representatives of different generations under the influence of the World Wide Web.
Banning short-haul domestic flights: A preliminary assessment for France

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

In the midst of an increasing debate concerning the environmental repercussions of transportation decisions in France, this study employs nationally representative data from the 2018-2019 Mobility Survey to investigate the determinants shaping French citizens' preferences for long-distance travel modes. Emphasis is placed on assessing potential CO2 emissions reductions resulting from government-proposed flight bans when a train alternative with a travel time of less than 2 hours and 30 minutes exists (notably, the Paris Orly - Nantes, Paris Orly - Bordeaux, and Paris Orly - Lyon routes). Descriptive analysis reveals a pre-ban inclination among travellers to favour non-flight modes, with just 4% of trips between these cities relying on air travel. Subsequently, econometric analysis challenges the conventional wisdom that income significantly influences air travel choices, instead highlighting its impact on car trip preferences up to a specific income threshold. Additionally, it underscores the expected inverse relationship between travel distance and train travel adoption, coupled with a corresponding increase in flight preference.
Effects of Sub-Chronic Aluminum Intoxication on Apoptosis of Cerebrum Neurocytes in Chickens: Preliminary Study on Effect of Aluminum Accumulation on Nervous System in Chickens

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The model of different level's sub-chronic aluminum intoxication in chickens was established by continuous peritoneal injection of fixed volume and different gradient aluminum trichloride (AlCl 3 ). The apoptosis of cerebrum neurocytes was detected by agarose gel electrophor-esis, AO/EB double fluorescent staining and flow cytometry. The results showed that: (1) The typical apoptosis and necrosis of cerebrum neurocytes were observed in the fluorescence microscope, and the apoptotic index in the experimental groups was significantly higher than that in the control groups (P<;0.01), which increased along with increase of aluminum concentration; (2) The number of cerebrum neurocytes increased in G 0 /G 1 phases, while decreased in G2/M and S phases. The cell proliferation index decreased and apoptosis rate increased, which were significantly different compared with the control ones (P<;0.01); (3) The typical DNA Ladder-shaped of cerebrum neurocytes of chickens in experimental groups was displayed by agarose gel electropho- resis. The results indicated that aluminum can cause the DNA damage, inhibite the proliferation and induce the apoptosis of cerebrum cell.
Materials Data on Sm3S4 by Materials Project

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Sm3S4 crystallizes in the cubic I-43d space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Sm+2.67+ is bonded to four equivalent S2- atoms to form corner-sharing SmS4 tetrahedra. All Sm–S bond lengths are 2.67 Å. S2- is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to three equivalent Sm+2.67+ atoms.
HIGH-PRECISION OBJECT MONITORING WITH IMAGE ASSISTED THEODOLITES- STATE OF THE ART 1

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In the past, high-precision online 3-D measuring required artificial targets defining the points on the objects to be monitored. For many tasks like monitoring of displacements of buildings, artificial targets are not desired. Today´s image assisted theodolite systems can perform their measurements even without targeting. Such systems use the texture on the surface of the object to find “interesting points ” which can replace the artificial targets. However, well-trained “measurement experts ” are required to operate such a measurement system. In order to make such systems easy to use even for non-experts, it can be extended by an appropriate decision system which supports the operator. We report on the state of the art of such image assisted theodolite measurement systems and on the potential of future developments. Mainly, research
sj-pdf-1-eeg-10.1177_15500594211008285 - Supplemental material for A Review of Network and Computer Analysis of Epileptiform Discharge Free EEG to Characterize and Detect Epilepsy

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-eeg-10.1177_15500594211008285 for A Review of Network and Computer Analysis of Epileptiform Discharge Free EEG to Characterize and Detect Epilepsy by Caitlin West, Wessel Woldman, Katy Oak, Brendan McLean and Rohit Shankar in Clinical EEG and Neuroscience
Adoption and Equality: A Historical and Comparative Study of Same-Sex Adoption Rights

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

ABSTRACT This paper explores the historical, legal, and social evolution of adoption rights for same-sex couples, focusing on the United States while offering comparative insights from international contexts. Initially, same-sex couples faced widespread legal and societal discrimination, with early adoption attempts routinely denied due to prevailing homophobic norms and misconceptions about LGBTQ+ parenting. Over time, key legal milestones, such as the legalization of same-sex marriage in Obergefell v. Hodges (2015), facilitated greater access to joint and second-parent adoptions. Despite such progress, adoption laws remain fragmented across U.S. states, with some maintaining explicit or implicit barriers against same-sex couples. The paper highlights landmark court cases and legislative reforms that have shaped adoption rights, including state-level victories in New Jersey, California, and Vermont. It also addresses the role of advocacy, activism, and shifting public perceptions in fostering legal recognition and social acceptance. Comparative analysis with countries like Sweden, the UK, and Canada reveals varying degrees of progress, showcasing how legal traditions and cultural attitudes influence adoption policies. The research underscores persistent challenges, including social stigmas, inconsistent legal protections, and discriminatory practices by adoption agencies. It also emphasizes the psychological well-being of children raised in same-sex households, debunking myths of developmental harm and affirming positive child outcomes. Finally, the paper advocates for comprehensive federal protections, uniform state policies, and continued public education to promote equality in family law. It concludes that while substantial progress has been made, achieving full adoption rights for same-sex couples requires continued legal reform, empirical research, and societal support to ensure that all children have the opportunity to thrive in loving, supportive families—regardless of their parents' sexual orientation.
Composite Model Describing the Excitation and De-excitation of Nitrogen by an Electron Beam

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Based on recent studies, the effect of re-excited ions in the emission of electron beam induced fluorescence in nitrogen has been estimated. These effects are included in the formulation of a composite model describing the excitation and de-excitation of nitrogen by an electron beam. The shortcomings of previous models, namely the dependence of the measured temperature on true gas temperature as well as the gas density, are almost completely eliminated in the range of temperatures and densities covered by the available data. (auth)
Moxonidine and S43126 Enhance Glucose Uptake into Cells and Cause Insulin Release

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Certain imidazoline compounds have the potential to act as monotherapy for hypertension and hyperglycemia. We hypothesize that I1-imidazoline agonists act centrally to lower blood pressure and enhance glucose uptake by causing insulin release and phosphorylation of protein kinase B (PKB). Novel I1-imidazoline agonist S43126 (5 nmol) and moxonidine (5nmol) were injected cumulatively into the brain of spontaneously hypertensive rats, followed by measurement of blood pressure. Rat-tail arterial strips were tested for contractile response to imidazoline compounds. Time-course and dose-response studies were carried out in A7R5 rat smooth muscle cells, followed by Western blotting. ELISA was used to measure insulin release from Min 6 pancreatic beta cells. Our results showed that both S43126 and moxonidine lowered arterial pressure by 20 mmHg and 45 mmHg respectively. Moxonidine, but not S43126 caused contraction of tail artery. Moxonidine caused phosphorylation of PKB in a time and dose-dependent manner, and enhanced glucose uptake in A7R5 cells, in a dose-dependent manner following 30 min treatment. Both compounds enhanced insulin secretion in Min 6 cells in a dose-dependent manner following 60 min of treatment. These data indicate that I1-imidazoline agonists should be further studied as agents to reduce blood pressure and improve insulin resistance associated with metabolic diseases.
Pulsed field magnetometery for high coercivity permanent magnets

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A high sensitivity pulsed field magnetometer for the measurement of thin films or small volume of high coercive rare earth permanent magnets has been constructed. The pickup coil designed in principle of 3-axis compensation has the sensitivity of 5×10−4 emu at tested field of 76 kOe. The compensation has been repeatable within 4×10−4–10×10−4 emu, which is enough for measurement within 2% accuracy for the materials with magnetic moment as small as 5×10−2 emu. Measurements on NdFeB magnet show excellent repeatability within 0.3% discrepancy for remanence and coercivity. The magnetic hysteresis loop of a NdFeB thin film (1050 nm) was measured satisfactorily. Estimation of the eddy current effect, by measuring the similar dimensioned but lower resistive nonmagnetic metals, has also been investigated.
Mate guarding and frequent copulation in birds: A meta-analysis of their relationship to paternity and male phenotype

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In many birds, males are presumed to protect their paternity by closely guarding their mate or copulating frequently with her. Both these costly behaviors are assumed to reduce the risk and/or intensity of sperm competition. However, despite many studies on avian extra-pair paternity, it remains unclear how strongly these behaviors are related to fitness and other key life-history traits. Here, we conduct meta-analyses to address two questions. First, are mate guarding and/or frequent copulation positively correlated with a male's share of paternity at his nest? We find a significant positive correlation between both presumed paternity protection behaviors and paternity share. The relationship is, however, weak (r = 0.08-0.23). This is perhaps unsurprising if the risk of partner infidelity, hence the need to protect paternity, varies among males. For example, more attractive males might have less need to protect their paternity. Second, do males with higher indices of so-called male "quality" (phenotypic measures, usually subjectively defined by researchers as predictors of male attractiveness) exhibit lower levels of paternity protection behavior? We find a negative correlation between male quality and paternity protection. This finding might partly explain the weak relationship between paternity protection and paternity, although we discuss other, nonmutually exclusive possibilities.
Using Rasch Measurement for the Development and Use of Affective Assessments in Science Education Research

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

With the demand for quality quantitative instruments in the field of science education rising, additional measures of currently unassessed affective variables need to be constructed. In this study, we discuss the survey creation and evaluation process of the STEM Awareness Community Survey (SACS) through an application of Liu's (2010) framework for developing and using new affective instruments in science education. Liu's (2010) survey development framework uses Rasch measurement methods in survey evaluation to ensure a psychometrically sound measure is created. In surveying K-12 teachers, community business members, and higher education faculty through two iterative pilot studies, a unidimensional construct of STEM awareness and support was empirically established after misfitting items were removed and scale modifications were made. Further instructions on how to use results produced from the SACS are provided, so that even those with no or limited knowledge of Rasch analysis could use the instrument and interpret their findings with respect to the construct of STEM awareness and support.
Viral Infection Modulates Mitochondrial Function

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Mitochondria are important organelles involved in metabolism and programmed cell death in eukaryotic cells. In addition, mitochondria are also closely related to the innate immunity of host cells against viruses. The abnormality of mitochondrial morphology and function might lead to a variety of diseases. A large number of studies have found that a variety of viral infections could change mitochondrial dynamics, mediate mitochondria-induced cell death, and alter the mitochondrial metabolic status and cellular innate immune response to maintain intracellular survival. Meanwhile, mitochondria can also play an antiviral role during viral infection, thereby protecting the host. Therefore, mitochondria play an important role in the interaction between the host and the virus. Herein, we summarize how viral infections affect microbial pathogenesis by altering mitochondrial morphology and function and how viruses escape the host immune response.
Near-Decomposability and the Timescale Relativity of Causal Representations

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

A common strategy for simplifying complex systems involves partitioning them into subsystems whose behaviors are roughly independent of one another at shorter timescales. Dynamic causal models clarify how doing so reveals a system’s nonequilibrium causal relationships. Here I use these models to elucidate the idealizations and abstractions involved in representing a system at a timescale. The models reveal that key features of causal representations—such as which variables are exogenous—may vary with the timescale at which a system is considered. This has implications for debates regarding which systems can be represented causally.
Target tracking using quantized innovations in wireless sensor networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Local data quantization/compression is a necessity due to the bandwidth constraint of wireless sensor networks. A target tracking method that uses quantized innovations is proposed for wireless sensor networks. The posterior Cramer-Rao lower bound (PCRLB) for quantized innovations is derived. The simulation results show that the proposed method can reach the PCRLB even with the high level process noise.
The Role of Smallholder Farmers in Creating Sustainable Agricultural Supply Chains: A Bangladesh Perspective

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Smallholder farmers play a crucial role in achieving sustainability in agricultural supply chains, particularly in developing countries like Bangladesh. These farmers, who typically own small plots of land and rely on family labor, contribute significantly to the nation's food security and rural livelihoods. However, they face numerous challenges that hinder their ability to adopt sustainable practices and integrate into global value chains. This article discusses the importance of smallholder farmers in promoting sustainable agricultural supply chains in Bangladesh, the challenges they face, and potential solutions to support their livelihoods and promote sustainable practices.
A Dvaar to LokVaani

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In India, the rural teledensity is just 37% and there are a large number of villages which do not have cellular coverage to this day but many such villages are only a few km away from the cellular coverage. Exploiting these cellular points near villages, we present a low cost and low power gateway system to extend the cellular coverage into the rural areas. Specifically, we develop and demonstrate a low cost, low power 802.15.4 gateway which can connect a number of villages in its vicinity to the cellular backhaul. In prior work, we designed a low cost, low power, local voice (called as Lo3) system using 802.15.4 technology. Lo3 system enabled villagers inside a village to communicate with each other. In this demo, we show that, using the gateway node, the 802.15.4 handsets of Lo3 system enable villagers to establish real-time voice calls from/to the village to/from the outside world. We test deployed our system in Ahupe village near Mumbai, India for 18 hours over 3 days, and received positive response from the villagers.
Reduction of children's fear of the dark by competence-related and situational threat-related verbal cues.

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This study examined the effects of training children in the use of verbal controlling responses for darkness tolerance. Forty-five children, S-6-years old, rehearsed one of three types of mediating response: (a) sentences emphasizing the child's active control or competence, (b) sentences concentrating on reducing the aversive qualities of the situation, and (c) sentences. Children were trained in a well-lit room. Each child then remained in total darkness until he or she decided to increase the illumination. The duration of tolerance of darkness and terminal light intensity were assessed across one pretest and two posttraining trials. On a generalization trial the child was to reduce full illumination. Analyses revealed that differential training significantly influenced duration and intensity settings, with the competence group generally superior to the stimulus and neutral verbalization groups. Alternate interpretations of the findings are offered.
Workplace health program intervention in Port Said, Egypt

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This video describes an intervention conducted by the Evidence Project in Port Said, Egypt, aimed at increasing demand for private family planning health (FP/RH) services among young men and women (aged 18–35 years) who work in garment factories. In Port Said, the intervention was aimed at young garment factory workers, where selected factory workers were trained to serve as peer educators and to provide FP/RH messages to their co-workers, referring them to the infirmary nurse for more information and counseling, as needed. This nurse referred those who desired more services or FP methods to trained physicians and pharmacists. This video also describes how factory health committees were created to ensure sustainability of the program in each factory. This video, which is in Arabic with English subtitles, can be used to introduce a worker health program to factory leadership.
Glutamatergic neurotransmission plays a role in BDNF/TrkB.FL‐induced enhancement of functional recovery after cervical spinal hemisection

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) acting through full‐length tropomyosin related kinase receptor subtype B (TrkB.FL) plays an important role in neuroplasticity following spinal cord injury. BDNF/TrkB.FL signaling in phrenic motoneurons is both necessary and sufficient to enhance spontaneous recovery of ipsilateral rhythmic phrenic activity after C2 spinal cord hemisection (SH), where premotor drive to phrenic motoneurons is removed. Phrenic motoneuron expression of the excitatory glutamatergic NMDA receptor correlates with the time course of spontaneous functional recovery post‐SH. We hypothesized that increased BDNF/TrkB.FL signaling in phrenic motoneurons enhances recovery of rhythmic phrenic activity after SH via regulation of glutamatergic receptor expression. Rats were injected intrapleurally with AAV7 expressing human TrkB.FL‐FLAG at 3 weeks prior to SH. FLAG was present in the cervical ventral horn region, and AAV7‐GFP expression was specifically in phrenic motoneurons. At 14 days post‐SH, quantitative real‐time RT‐PCR verified human TrkB.FL expression in microdissected phrenic motoneurons. Phrenic motoneuron expression of NMDA increased ~10 fold compared to control, suggesting that increased BDNF/TrkB.FL signaling magnified SH‐induced changes in phrenic motoneuron NMDA expression. Supported by HL96750 and T32‐HL105355, and Paralyzed Veterans of America.