jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Challenges in a case of ophthalmic artery aneurysm associated with abnormal internal carotid arteries

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Ophthalmic artery aneurysms account for 5% of all cerebral aneurysms and are an important cause of morbidity and mortality related to subarachnoid hemorrhage. The diagnosis is often made only when the aneurysm is large enough to become symptomatic. They remain technically challenging for both neurosurgeon and interventional radiologist. We present the case of a 62-year-old woman admitted for transient loss of consciousness, followed by generalized tonic-clonic seizures. Computed tomography (CT) showed a subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), clinically graded as Hunt and Hess III. Magnetic resonance imaging (angioMR) and the four-vessel digital subtraction angiography (DSA) identified a ruptured, 8 mm left ophthalmic artery aneurysm. Embolization was the first therapeutic choice. Nevertheless, the attempt had to be aborted due to a combination of a hypoplastic right internal carotid artery (ICA) and an irregular atheromatous plaque on the left ICA, rendering the procedure unduly hazardous. Therefore, microsurgical clipping of the aneurysm became the procedure of choice. Postoperatively, the patient was in good condition, with no visual and neurological deficits. At 6 months follow up, she was assigned maximum scores of 5 and 8 on the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) and Extended GOS (GOS-E), respectively. Aneurysm rupture represents a neurosurgical emergency and an early intervention (less than 48 h) is recommended to maximize the chances of deficit-free survival. The peculiarities of this case consisted in the combination between the size and the location of the aneurysm, abrupt presentation, and the impossibility of embolization due to bilateral ICA abnormalities, congenital (hypoplastic right ICA) and acquired (extensively atherosclerotic left ICA).
Economic Data From the Early Coins of India

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The study of coinage for the economic history of India has not been made properly and the place of coins in the economic life of the people in different periods and places has yet to be determined. Our study has so far been confined to testing the specific gravity of the coins and this would not carry us far unless we could have some idea of the volume of coins in circulation at a particular place in a particular period. The quantity of coins is a problem which has not received serious attention of the scholars so far in India. In this field the first serious effort was made by D. M. Metcalf ) who devised a formula to assess the quantity of the English coinage of the 8th to i ith centuries. Another attempt was made in respect of the mediaeval Islamic coinage in the Near East 2). Though this formula has its own limitations, the method, however, can be applied to assess the quantity of the Indian coinage. Following this method we have first to establish the maximum available varieties of coins issued at a particular time by a particular ruler and then to determine the capacity of a die for turning out the number of gold, silver and copper coins. Although many moulds of different ages have been discovered in various parts of the country which we have described elsewhere 3), no dies have so far been found that could give an idea of the quantity of the metal used for making a particular coin of a particular variety. It has been suggested that if the dies were made of steel which was abundantly available in India from
Enhanced production of LPS-induced cytokines during differentiation of human monocytes to macrophages. Role of LPS receptors.

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Abstract In vitro cultivated human monocytes isolated from normal peripheral blood show a time-dependent differentiation into macrophages characterized by an increased expression of transferrin receptors, CD11/CD18, and CD14 Ag. We measured the secretion of TNF-alpha and IL-6 in freshly isolated monocytes and in differentiated macrophages after LPS treatment. Differentiated macrophages produced significantly higher amounts of TNF-alpha and IL-6 than freshly isolated monocytes. This increased secretion was not a result of an enhanced accumulation of TNF-alpha and IL-6 mRNA, as comparative levels of these transcripts were found in both cell types after LPS treatment. Furthermore, LPS did not induce an antiviral state to VSV3 in monocytes, but it reduced by 3 to 5 log10 the virus yield in differentiated macrophages. The addition of antibodies to IFN-beta completely inhibited the LPS-induced antiviral state to VSV, but antibodies to IFN-alpha, TNF-alpha, or IL-6 were ineffective. A marked accumulation of IFN-beta mRNA was found in both cell types after LPS treatment. Binding experiments with FITC-LPS revealed a slightly higher overall binding affinity for LPS in freshly explanted monocytes as compared with differentiated macrophages, even though the maximal binding was higher in macrophages. In both cell types, the LPS binding was partially inhibited by antibodies to CD14. These results demonstrate that: 1) in vitro differentiation of human monocytes to macrophages leads to an enhanced LPS response in terms of (a) progressive increase of IL-6/TNF-alpha production and (b) acquisition of an IFN-beta mediated antiviral state; 2) this enhanced response to LPS, largely CD14-independent, is not linked to any increased accumulation of cytokine mRNA, but is probably a result of an increased synthesis and/or secretion of these cytokines.
Deciphering the effect of enhancer cooperation on chromatin modifications

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Los potenciadores o enhancers son elementos cis-reguladores que modulan la expresión génica dependiendo de la distancia y del tejido presente. Sin embargo, los mecanismos exactos detrás de su papel regulador y su relación con marcas epigenéticas aún se desconocen. Este estudio tiene como objetivo examinar los niveles de acetilación de dos enhancers, eNanog y ME2, clasificados como "fuerte" y "débil", respectivamente. Estos enhancers fueron insertados en el locus de la β-globina en células madre embrionarias de ratón (mESCs) a diferentes distancias de un gen reportero. Se seleccionaron las técnicas ATAC-seq y CUT&Tag para medir la accesibilidad de la cromatina y las marcas epigenéticas de interés. La normalización de los datos se realizó mediante controles de spike-In y una pipeline bioinformática personalizada. Los resultados revelaron que los niveles de acetilación fueron mayores para eNanog en comparación con ME2. Sin embargo, se observó un comportamiento diferente cuando ambos enhancers estaban presentes: eNanog mostró niveles más altos de acetilación cuando se insertó sólo, mientras que ME2 aumentó ligeramente su acetilación cuando se insertó junto con eNanog. Este estudio sugiere un posible efecto aditivo entre enhancers, en términos de acetilación, aunque se debe realizar más experimentos con réplicas adicionales para poder corroborar estos hallazgos.
Analyzing Museum Collections in Scandinavia

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

ABSTRACT This article emanates from studies and analyses of collections in cultural-historical museums in Sweden, Denmark, and Norway within the international research project CONTACT, concerning contacts between the aforementioned countries in southern Scandinavia during the Middle Neolithic (approximately 3000 BCE). This case study intends to raise questions related to research strategies at the museums holding the collections, in relation to the demand from research institutions using them. In what ways could these strategies coincide, and in what ways could they diverge? In what ways could we improve the research strategies for a better use of the collections?
“All the Old Illusions”: On Guessing at Being in Crisis

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Models of culture and action argue that crises can be generative of change, with changing contexts setting off reflexivity—a view of crisis as self-evident that is echoed in comparative historical work. Looking to the beginning of the Cold War in Romania and France, this article elaborates two instances when crises did not produce reflexive recognition. This echoes performative approaches that highlight actors needing to interpret crises into being yet underscores that crisis claims nonetheless take place in contexts potentially marked by shifting sociocultural scaffoldings. Rooted in the empirical finding that actors can live through—and be affected by—structural transformations without thinking of themselves as being in crisis, I put forward a conception of crises as unclear as they are taking place. Actors can guess at being or not being in crisis, with no guarantee their guess is fortuitous. Crisis management will be the result of these guesses: some informed, some lucky—and some, indeed, disastrous.
Movement state noise and output noise relate to visuomotor adaptation rate in an optimal way

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Human movement relies on noisy processes in neurons, muscle cells and sensory cells. Therefore, movements are variable and can never be exactly reproduced. The nervous system seems to exploit this movement noise for motor learning and specifically motor adaptation. However, a positive relation between movement noise and motor adaptation has not been consistently found in motor adaptation literature. Possibly, noise is comprised of distinct processes which contribute to motor adaptation in different ways. In Kalman filter theory, motor adaptation rate is calculated optimally from state noise and output noise, with state noise and adaptation rate positively correlated and output noise and adaptation rate negatively correlated. Therefore, if people learn (close) optimally from error, we would expect a similar relation. To investigate the relation between state noise, output noise and adaptation rate, we performed a visuomotor reaching adaptation experiment with a baseline and a perturbation block in 69 subjects. State noise, output noise and adaptation rate in the baseline and perturbation block were extracting using Bayesian fitting of a trial-to-trial state-space model. We found that adaptation rate in the perturbation block correlates positively with baseline state noise (r=0.27; 95%HDI=[0.05 0.50]) and negatively with baseline output noise (r= 0.41; 95%HDI=[ 0.63 0.16]). In addition, the steady-state Kalman gain calculated from baseline state and output noise correlated positively with adaptation rate in the perturbation block (r = 0.31; 95%HDI = [0.09 0.54]). Therefore, noise can be viewed both as a supporting factor for motor adaptation (state noise) and as a noise factor hampering optimal performance (output noise), and in order to understand the relationship of noise to learning, one must decompose noise into its constituent components.
Observation of enhanced photoluminescence from silicon photonic crystal nanocavity at room temperature

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We fabricated air-bridge-type silicon photonic crystal (PC) nanocavities and observed significant enhancement of photoluminescence (PL) from crystalline silicon at room temperature. Cavity-resonant peaks shifted toward longer wavelengths when the period of PC was increased and their polarization dependences agree with the calculation. At a cavity mode wavelength, a 310-fold enhancement of PL intensity, compared with that of unpatterned silicon-on-insulator substrate, was demonstrated.
The Theology of the Book of Amos

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Can there be a theology of the finished book of Amos? Does the book, as opposed to its constituent parts, have any coherence? The underlying supposition of the Old Testament Theology series in which the present book is appearing is obviously that there can be such a theology. But this was not always self-evident to earlier generations of modern critical biblical scholars, who tended to think that coherence could be found only by removing ("deleting") the later additions that we looked at in the preceding chapter, so as to arrive at the theology of the prophet Amos himself. By now, the reader will have realized that I have some sympathy with that belief. I do think that the attempt to get back to the prophet himself is worthwhile and important. On the other hand, there is a book of Amos, and it contains the additions as well as the original words of the prophet, and in modern times it has become normal to think that it is possible to interpret the finished books of the Bible as well as their original cores. Indeed, some scholars now think that the final form of the book has a greater claim on our attention than do the hypothetical earlier stages.
PD35 Mortality And Risk Factors Associated With Dialysis Patients With COVID-19 In A Brazilian Supplementary Health Service

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and COVID-19 are at high risk of adverse outcomes due to the presence of comorbidities. However, it is still unclear whether dialysis therapy is associated with a worse prognosis in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. The objectives were to assess mortality and risk factors associated with a worse prognosis of these patients (e.g., age, sex, comorbidities, Intensive Care Admission [ICU] admission, and need for invasive mechanical ventilation [IMV]). Methods An observational, descriptive, retrospective study was conducted in the private healthcare maintenance organization (Unimed-BH) of Belo Horizonte and 33 surrounding cities in Brazil. We used data collected from the organization’s database. We included adult inpatients with CKD on previous dialysis therapy who tested positive for COVID-19, from February 2020 to June 2021. Results During the period, 16182 patients were admitted to Unimed-BH with a diagnosis of COVID-19. Of these, 333 (2%) had dialysis CKD. Male patients were 180 (54%), age ranged from 22.85 to 95.75 years and the mean was 60.91 years. Of the 333 patients, 109 (32.7%) were admitted to the ICU, and 56 (16.8%) required IMV. Among the 14 comorbidities analysed, the mean number of comorbidities was 6, with 93 (27.9%) dyslipidaemia, 74 (22%) diabetic, 270 (81%) hypertensive, 25 (7.5%) asthmatic, 42 (12.6%) with chronic pulmonary disease (CPD) and 122 (36.6%) with congestive heart failure (CHF). There were 66 (19.8%) deaths, 29 (43.9%) were male, the mean age was 60.8 years, and 23 patients (34.8%) were elderly (>60 years). Among the patients who died, 55 (83.3%) were in the ICU and 46 (69.7%) on IMV. The mean number of comorbidities was 9.27 being 16 (24.2%) dyslipidaemia, 44 (66.6%) diabetic, 60 (90.9%) hypertensive, 5 (7%) asthmatic, 10 (15%) with CPD and 32 (48.5%) with CHF. Conclusions Dialysis patients appear more susceptible to unfavourable outcomes than the general population. Our findings are similar to those reported in the world literature which is still scarce. It is important to conduct more studies on this population.
In vivo comparison of transduction efficiency with recombinant adenovirus-mediated p53 in a human colon cancer mouse model by different delivery routes

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

目的将与在一只人的结肠癌老鼠的调停侵入人体气管粘膜的病菌的 p53 (rAd/p53 ) 治疗由 intra-tumoral 注射和 intra 动脉的交货建模的 recombinant 评估转导变异效率。人的结肠癌 SW480 的肿瘤片在 45 只裸体老鼠的肝被植入的方法。这些老鼠被 intratumoral 注射和 intra 动脉的交货与 rAd/p53 管理。在 24 h， 48 h 和 72 h rAd/p53 管理以后，各个组织的 5 只老鼠被打死与在麻醉和他们的肝上被移开。肿瘤和肝的 P53 表示和 apoptosis 被估计。intratumoral 管理组的结果 P53 表示和 apoptosis 比跟踪静脉组和控制组高。Apoptosis 和在三个组的肝的 p53 表示没有有效差量。结论 p53 基因转导变异效率和 rAd/p53 的反癌症效果比 intra 动脉的交货由 intra-tumoral 注射是好一些的。
Supplemental Figures 1 - 8 from Loss of Estrogen-Regulated microRNA Expression Increases HER2 Signaling and Is Prognostic of Poor Outcome in Luminal Breast Cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<p>Supplementary Figure 1. Normalized NanoString counts for clusters differentially expressed in MCF7 vs. MCF7:2A cells. Supplementary Figure 2. ER binding is lower at binding sites found near differentially regulated miRNAs. Supplementary Figure 3. The expression of the individual miRNAs in the let-7c/miR-99a/miR-125b cluster is correlated in patient samples. Supplementary Figure 4. Kaplan-Meier plot examining the expression of let-7c, miR-99a, and miR-125b in the luminal B, Her2, basal, and normal-like PAM50 subsets. Supplementary Figure 5. Kaplan-Meier plots demonstrating that the luminal A low patient subset has survival similar to patients with luminal B tumors. Supplementary Figure 6. HER2 mRNA is slightly reduced in response to miRNA treatment. Supplementary Figure 7. Let-7c indirectly targets the HER2 UTR and regulates Dicer. Supplementary Figure 8. miR-125b expression is not negatively correlated with HER2 protein expression or activity in patients with breast cancer.</p>
Agricultural extension in Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo: does gender matter?

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Agricultural extension programmes often evaluate their gender strategy by the proportion \nof female participants. However, female participation is not necessarily conducive \nfor reaching programme objectives.Weanalyse whether participation of female farmers \nin an agricultural extension programme in South-Kivu increases adoption of three technologies: \nimproved legume varieties, row planting and mineral fertiliser. Joint male and \nfemale programme participation leads to the highest adoption rates. Female participation \nis not conducive for the adoption of capital-intensive technologies while it is for \n(female) labour-intensive technologies. Participation of female-headed households is \nmore effective for technology adoption than participation of female farmers in maleheaded \nhouseholds.
Establishment of a rapid method for separating and identifying spoilage bacteria from ketchup

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

According to the requirement that ketchup belonging to acidic canned food and the requests by the foreign client,the putrefying bacteria which can spoil ketchup were separated and identified using the national examination standards. The screened strains were further identified accord-ing to their colony and biochemistry characteristics through using a large number of different culture mediums. It was showed that the acid bacteria cultured medium and the malt soup cultured medium were optimal for Bacillus subtilis and Flavimonasory zihabitans to grow,respectively. The two screened bacteria were identified as B. subtilis and F. zihabitans by the VITEK-32 test. The results could provide some references for rapid screen of spoilage bacteria in ketchup.
Apple, Tufted Apple Bud Moth Control Tactics, 1992

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract We sprayed 12-15 tree plots in a randomized block design. Each plot consisted of alternating trees of‘Yorking,’ and ‘Golden Delicious.’ These trees were planted 18 x 25 ft apart and were 13 years old. Experimental sprays were applied with a Friend Airmaster ‘309’ calibrated to deliver 100 gal/acre at 2.4 mph, except for the last Lorsban/Lannate treatment which received 50 gal/acre at 2.8 mph. Application timings were based on accumulated degree days following various biofix points (i.e., 1st egg hatch). Degree day calculations were based on minimum and maximum developmental thresholds of 45°F and 91°F, respectively. All applications were complete sprays, except for the second RH-5992 treatment, which was applied using the alternate row middle (ARM) method. A routine schedule of fungicides (Penncozeb, Rubigan, captan 50 WP and Topsin M 85 DF) was maintained throughout the experiment. ARM applications of Carzol 92 SP at 0.55 lb Al/acre 1.1 lb Al/acre (expressed as amount/acre for a complete spray) for white apple leaihopper control were made on 22 May and 1 Jun, respectively. Four ARM applications of Swat 8 E at 0.075 lb AI/acre (expressed as amount/acre for a complete spray) for control of apple aphid were made on 8, 19 and 29 Jun and 24 Jul. A complete application of Omite 6 E at 1.8 lb Al/acre was made on 8 Jul for mite control. Effectiveness of test chemicals on ERM and ZM was evaluated by counting mites several times during the season on samples of 25 random leaves/tree (100 leaves/treatment). Effect of sprays on SP was evaluated by 3-min counts of adults and larvae around the periphery of test trees. Effectiveness of chemicals on fruit feeders was assessed by scoring for injury to drop apples on 13 Aug, 2 and 14 Sep from the center two ‘Yorking’ trees. For ‘Golden Delicious,’ 120 apples were picked per replicate (40 apples on each of 6 trees). For ‘Yorking,’ 360 picked apples and 150 dropped apples per replicate were evaluated for injury. Pest pressure was high throughout the season.
COMPARISON OF ADAPTATION ASSESSMENT OF FOUR LOCAL SPRING WHEAT VARIETIES IN KABUL CLIMATIC CONDITIONS

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A field experiment was conducted for two consecutive spring seasons of 2017 and 2018 at experimental farm of the Kabul University, to study effects of varieties on growth, yield components and yield of wheat under Agro-climate conditions of Kabul. The experimental was laid out in randomized complete block design with four treatment and three replications. Four local spring varieties i.e., V1-Zardana Baghlan,V2- Sorkha-Andarab, V3-Safida-Kunduz and V4- Safida-Andarab. Among the varieties Safida-Andarab (V4), produced shorter plant height but significantly higher number of tillers (416.67 and 425.33 m2), spikes (397.33 and 419.6), number of grains per spike (50.67 and 53.33), grains per spike length (3.00 and 3.00), test weight (40.33 and 41.33 g) and grain yield of (4.17 and 4.43 t/ha) of wheat, being at par with variety of Safida-Kunduz during both the consecutive years, respectively. KEY WORDS: local varieties, adaptation, climatic condition, yield, wheat
Current status of fusion-relevant covariance data

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The following review of the current status of formatted data covariance files and their multigroup processing is a contribution to the IAEA Advisory Group Meeting on ``Improved Evaluations and Integral Data Testing for FENDL,`` to be held at the Max-Planck-Institut fuer Plasmaphysik, Garching, Germany, 12--16 September 1994. The draft agenda of this meeting lists as Item 6 the ``assessment of present status and role of uncertainty files, their processing and sensitivity studies related to FENDL.`` We conclude that this is an important and timely topic and recommend needed actions in this field.