jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
ASSESSING COMMON BEAN GENETIC DIVERSITY USING RFLP, DAMD-PCR, ISSR, RAPD AND AFLP MARKERS

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

We have evaluated the effectiveness of RFLP, DAMD-PCR, ISSR, RAPD and AFLP markers in assessing polymorphism and relationships between 24 lines of Phaseolus vulgaris L. Fourteen of these commercial lines come from European breeders and ten from North American creators. We have used a Phaseolus specific minisatellite sequence as a probe that allow to fingerprint 23 of the bean lines tested showing 94% of polymorphic bands. Based on the sequence information, primers corresponding to the bean specific minisatellite core sequence were used in PCR amplifications. Our observations suggest that the DAMD-PCR was sensitive in detecting genetic variation between bean species and between accessions of P. vulgaris. Moreover, we show that the DAMD-PCR alone may be limited in its ability to detect genetic variation among cultivated bean lines due to the low number of loci amplified by the DAMD-PCR. Only one out of the five ISSR primers tested was efficient in generating multiple band profiles which didn't allow to distinguish all the different bean lines. Reproducible RAPD profiles were obtained to differentiate all the genotypes tested with only seven primers. The level of polymorphism was higher (66%) than those obtained with the three other techniques DAMD-PCR (40%), ISSR (60%) and AFLP (29%). Finally, only RFLP and RAPD provide us enough information to deal with analyses of bean lines relationships. The second purpose of the study was to explore the genetic diversity among bean cultivars. Band profiles generated by RFLP or RAPD were compiled onto a data matrix on the basis of the presence (I) or absence (0) of selected bands. Dendrograms were constructed by UPGMA cluster analysis from a Jaccard dissimilarity index using PHYLIP 4.0. Both analyses led to the same clustering of the bean lines according to geographical origins (United States or Europe). The dendrogram drawn from RAPD data clusters the European lines coming from the same breeder. It appears that the structuration of the lines could be related to each breeder genetic resources.
Horava-Lifshitz four-fermion model revisited and dynamical symmetry breaking

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we develop studies of the dynamical symmetry breaking in the\nHorava-Lifshitz four-fermion model for the specific case $z=3$ and explicitly\ndemonstrate that for various space-time dimensions, one could arrive at the\ntheory displaying both dynamical generation of the Lorentz symmetry for the\nkinetic term and arising the positively defined potential at the same time. At\nthe same time, for $D=3$, the Lorentz invariant Chern-Simons term is generated.\n
Corrosion Resistance of Light Gauge Steels for Steel Framed House

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Atmospheric corrosion on the inhabited steel framed house was investigated with Fe-Ag galvanic type atmospheric corrosion monitoring (ACM) sensors. As the environmental conditions, temperature, humidity and currents of the ACM sensors were continuously measured in several parts of the house for five years. Corrosion rates of hot-dip galvanized steel sheet, Zn-5%Al coated steel and 55%Al-Zn coated steel for the light gauge steels were also determined on the basis of exposure tests. Service life of the galvanized steels and dew condensation in the house were discussed.Amount of deposited sea salt influences the corrosion resistance of the coated steels. Under the indoor conditions of the inhabited house, the amount of deposited sea salt was negligibly small. It is difficult to evaluate the corrosion resistance of coated steel sheets using convenient corrosion tests because of too much sea salt.
Synthesis and characterization of TiO2 from ilmenite by caustic fusion process for photocatalytic application

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

In this research, the use of TiO2 from Indonesian ilmenite will be developed using caustic fusion process and made into photocatalyst product that will be applied for water treatment applications. The research procedures include caustic fusion process involving the mixing of NaOH and ilmenite with a ratio of 1 : 4 at 650°C for 120 minutes. The result from this caustic fusion process, i.e. frit, was then washed with water and followed by acid leaching using sulfuric acid 45% to obtain precursor TiOSO4. This precursor was then hydrolyzed to produce white precipitates in the form of sol TiO(OH)2 which was then condensed for 24 hours. The precipitate was washed and dried before calcined at a temperature of 500°C for 1 hour. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) analysis is included to show the phases, morphology and the final composition of the synthesized TiO2 powder. UV-Vis Spectrometry was also used to calculate the band-gap energy and the photocatalytic ability of the synthesized TiO2 in the purification process of rhodamin-B.
SP2.1.1 Safety of Bariatric Surgery in The Older Patients During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background The progressive growth of the older patients with obesity represents a challenge to the weight management teams. Although initially, old age was a relative contraindication to the surgical option, current advances in laparoscopic techniques and perioperative optimization protocols have changed the old notion. However, the performance of bariatric procedures in the older patients during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic carries a potential risk. This study aimed to assess the safety of bariatric surgery (BS) in older patients during the pandemic. Methods We conducted a prospective international study of patients who underwent BS between 1/05/2020 and 31/10/2020. Patients were divided into two groups - older patients ≥65-year-old (Group I) and young &lt; 65-year-old (Group II). Two groups were compared for 30-day morbidity and mortality. Results We included 7084 patients, the mean age was 40.35±11.9 years, and 5197 (73.4%) were females. The mean preoperative weight and BMI were 119.49±24.4 Kgs and 43.03±6.9 Kg/m2, respectively. The overall comorbidities were significantly higher in Group I, p= &lt;0.001. In Group II, 14.8% were current smokers, compared to 7.4% of Group I. The complications in Group I were significantly higher (11.4%) compared to Group II (6.6%), p= 0.022. However, the mortality rate and COVID-19 infection within 30 days were not significantly different between the two groups. Conclusions Bariatric surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic in the older patients (≥65 years old) is associated with a higher complication rate than the younger age group. However, the mortality and postoperative COVID-19 infection rates are comparable to the younger age group.
A longitudinal study of cholinesterase changes in pregnancy.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Serum cholinesterase activity was measured at intervals before, during, and after 44 pregnancies in 43 women. Three patterns of change were seen: (a) A decline in activity after conception, with no return towards pre-conception values before delivery (20 pregnancies). (b) A decline in activity accompanied by a partial or complete return to pre-conception values before delivery (19 pregnancies). (c) Either no discernible decline or increased activity during gestation (five pregnancies). We saw no association between these patterns and either the sex of the child, parity, smoking history, or alcohol intake. However, the continuous decrease in cholinesterase activity occurred in the youngest group of women, a decrease followed by an increase in the intermediate age group, and no decrease at all in the oldest group. Although not all the age-related differences quite reached statistical significance, these findings suggest that the patterns of change may be determined by some aspect of maternal physical maturity.
Joint Segregation of High Glanding with Nectariless and Frego Bract in Cotton

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

There are mutant alleles in the genus Gossypium that increase its tolerance to insect pests. Among the traits that are effective against different insects, high glanding and nectariless increase cotton tolerance to lepidopteran insects, whereas frego bract suppresses the oviposition of the boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis Boheman. The objectives of this research were to transfer the high-glanding trait to frego-bract and nectariless plants. The genotypes used belonged to G. hirsutum: Guazuncho 3 INTA nectariless ne, SP 26 high glanding HG, and SP 47304 frego bract BF. Crosses between SP 26 HG/Guazuncho 3 INTA ne and SP 26 HG/SP 47304 BF and the F2 and F3 generations were obtained. For the combination of high glanding with frego bract, the frequency of individuals with both features varied from 6.4% in the F2 generations to 24.6% in the F3. For the other combination, high glanding with nectariless, the frequency of recombination was of 7.3% in the F2 and 11.8% in the F3. High glanding, nectariless, and frego bract are independently inherited traits in G. hirsutum. Therefore, it is possible to combine the high-glanding trait with frego bracts or nectariless in the same line.
Perioperative nursing: identification of the nursing diagnosis infection risk based on levine's conceptual model

Field: Nursing (Health Sciences)

A visita pre-operatoria consiste na primeira etapa da sistematizacao da assistencia de enfermagem perioperatoria. O presente estudo teve como objetivo identificar o diagnostico de enfermagem com maior frequencia na visita pre-operatoria de pacientes submetidos a cirurgia geral. O referencial teorico selecionado foi o modelo conceitual de Levine, tendo como eixo norteador os quatros principios de conservacao, a saber: conservacao de energia, conservacao da integridade estrutural, conservacao da integridade pessoal e conservacao da integridade social. Para o alcance do objetivo proposto foi previamente elaborado e validado um instrumento para a coleta de dados. A amostra consistiu de 30 (trinta) pacientes, de ambos os sexos que foram submetidos a cirurgia geral. O diagnostico de enfermagem Risco para Infeccao obteve 100% de frequencia nas visitas pre-operatorias com os pacientes cirurgicos. Em relacao aos fatores relacionados identificados destacamos: o local de invasao dos organismos secundario a cirurgia e procedimentos invasivos. Assim, a identificacao deste diagnostico podera auxiliar o enfermeiro no planejamento e implementacao de cuidados de prevencao e controle de infeccao, principalmente se os fatores de risco forem identificados no periodo pre-operatorio.
Soul Searching

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract This book aims to provide new insights on the religious and spiritual lives of American teenagers. It presents the main findings of the National Study of Youth and Religion, a research project on the religious and spiritual lives of American adolescents conducted at the University of North Carolina from 2001 to 2005. The survey captured a broad range of differences among U.S. teens in religion, age, race, sex, socioeconomic status, rural-suburban-urban residence, region of the country, and language spoken. The book provides answers to questions about the character of teenage religion, the extent of spiritual seeking among youth, how religion affects adolescent moral reasoning and risk behaviors, and much more. It is hoped that by informing readers about the religious and spiritual lives of American teenagers, it will help foster discussions in families, religious congregations, community organizations, and beyond, not only about the general state of religion in the United States, but also about cultural and institutional practices that may better serve and care for American teens.
Personal Identity and Philosophical Method

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract This chapter addresses the discussion of the self and personal identity in 1.4.6, and does so in the context of the discussion in Book II. It shows that the structure of Hume’s account and argument is completely consistent with those regarding causation, reason, and the external world. He is concerned primarily not with questions of metaphysics, but with the psychology of our self-understanding. His account is Pyrrhonian, involving a classical skeptical inversion, and he will argue that in fact we fail to have an idea we take ourselves to have—the idea of a self. Our thinking about ourselves is instead to be explained with reference to the operation of custom. The chapter closes with attention to Hume’s explicit reflections on philosophical methodology.
D122. The Impact of Tamoxifen Therapy on Thrombotic Flap Complications: A Nationwide Analysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

PURPOSE: Perioperative tamoxifen practices in microvascular breast reconstruction vary widely. However, no prior literature has investigated this issue from a national standpoint. Thus, this study investigated: (1) the impact of tamoxifen therapy on microvascular flap outcomes using nationwide data, and (2) amongst those on tamoxifen therapy, the impact of perioperative tamoxifen use on flap outcomes. METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort investigation using Truven MarketScan Databases (2014-2017). All women who underwent microvascular breast reconstruction were included; prescriptions claims data was used to identify those on tamoxifen. Outcomes were compared between tamoxifen/non-tamoxifen cohorts. Subgroup analyses in the tamoxifen cohort were undertaken to investigate whether perioperative tamoxifen use impacted outcomes. RESULTS: Overall, 5,832 women were included, of whom 1,983 (34%) were on tamoxifen. There were no differences in flap-related adverse events between tamoxifen and non-tamoxifen cohorts (OR: 1.00; 95%CI: 0.79-1.31; p=0.38). However, amongst patients determined to be at high risk for thrombotic complications, those on tamoxifen therapy had a significantly higher risk of 90-day postoperative venous thromboembolism (OR: 1.15; 95%CI: 1.01-1.28; p=0.04). There were no significant differences in flap failure between those who held tamoxifen versus those who continued tamoxifen into the perioperative period. CONCLUSION: Upon review of national data, preoperative tamoxifen therapy did not significantly increase flap complications/failure after microvascular breast reconstruction. However, patients on tamoxifen therapy with thrombotic risk factors as determined by the Caprini risk score were found to have greater risk for postoperative venous thromboembolism- such patients may need special consideration for postoperative chemoprophylaxis.
In Situ X-ray Diffraction of LiCoO2 in Thin-Film Batteries under High-Voltage Charging

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

LiCoO2 has been used as the cathode material employed in lithium-ion batteries since their development, and efforts to improve its performance are still in progress. For example, complete use of lithium provides a theoretical capacity as high as 274 mAh g–1; however, charge–discharge cycling with such a high capacity leads to rapid degradation. The degradation mechanism has been intensively studied in order to increase the practical capacity. Although phase transitions taking place in high-voltage charging have been considered to affect the cycling performance, side reactions induced by the high-voltage charging always overlap to blur the effects of phase transitions on the electrode properties. This study has unveiled the relation between the phase transition and electrode properties by employing a solid electrolyte that suppresses the side reactions efficiently. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy combined with in situ X-ray diffraction shows clear correlation between phase transition from O3 to H1–3 and a drastic increase in the electrode resistance. The increasing resistance is attributable to formation of narrow interlayers with a gallery height of 4.2 Å that impede lithium-ion diffusion.
Capital Regulation, Monetary Policy and Asymmetric Effects of Commercial Banks’ Efficiency

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Purpose - Owing to the importance of the efficiency of commercial banks, the aim of this paper is to find the relationship between capital regulation, monetary policy and the asymmetric effects of the commercial banks' efficiency. Design/methodology/approach - First, the paper makes a static profit model of commercial banks with double constraints and then makes a proposition with numeric simulation. Findings - In this paper, the author finds it unreasonable to calculate the commercial banks' cost and profit efficiency by SFA (DEA) directly, as there is no evidence that indicates the linearity relationship among them. Hence, more complicated solutions should be introduced. Research limitations/implications - The rate of non‐performing loans (NPL) is inversely proportional to the commercial banks' cost and profit efficiency and capital adequacy ratio (CAR) and statutory reserve ratio (SRR) show a nonlinear relationship between commercial banks' cost and profit efficiency. Hence, the paper defines the different influences of commercial banks' efficiency imposed by CAR and SRR as the asymmetric effects of commercial banks' efficiency. Practical implications - The nonlinear relationship is found based on improved Kopecky and VanHoose, so excessive regulation has harmful effects on the commercial banks. The reasonable capital regulation and other prudential supervision measures should be emphasized. Originality/value - First, the paper gets its proposition through the improved KV model, which displays a new perception on analyzing this problem. Second, the nonlinear relationship is discovered by this new model and the empirical results show the nonlinear relationship further.
Journal of Sociology and Social Welfare Vol. 47, No. 2

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article explores strategies developed by African American residents in response to barriers to physical activity in two low-income Detroit neighborhoods.Using 47 in-depth, qualitative interviews, a grounded theory approach allowed the analysis to be reframed around the ways in which structural factors conditioned, but did not determine the human agency of residents seeking physical activity.Interviews revealed numerous responses to structural barriers such as devising home routines, cognitive mapping to avoid perceived threats, and leaving the neighborhood to access resources.Differences in neighborhood contexts, along with unique individual concerns, showed that agency was neither a constant nor independent force, but rather was partially constituted by structural conditions, culture, and other factors.
A Collision Free Network with Minimal Routing Path for 2<sup>n</sup> Nodes

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In the present work, a simple but complex network which has collision free communications is created. With the help of the binary n-cube the network is formed. This n-cube network connection is formed by connecting distinct N number of nodes which are expressed as a power of 2. If each node has an address of m bits then there are N=2^m number of nodes in the n-cube network. To find out the predefined routing path for the case of this n-cube network, we can apply deterministic algorithm providing us a collision /deadlock free concept. In calculating the predefined routing path(s), node addresses involved in the path are calculated by using the exclusive OR operation, firstly, upon the two node addresses of source and destination, and then, on the derived node-addresses according to the algorithm stated in section 2. Here, the Exclusive-OR operation is performed simply by using 2-input XOR gate which may be made up of either (i) classical CMOS based material, or (ii) Multiple input threshold logic gate , or (iii) Single electron tunneling Transistor (SET). We are concentrated in the case of CMOS based XOR circuit. In this work, an E-cube Routing on a 6-dimensional hypercube has been designed and constructed. We have tried to find out the node addresses for predefining the deadlock free routing path for any set of “source and destination”. To develop a “Collision free network with minimal Routing”, a number of Exclusive-OR gates are arranged in a pattern discussed in section 3 and the desired circuit is implemented. The implemented circuit can supply the predefined path nodes through which the signal/packets/data can pass. Regarding the experimental input –output values, some truth tables are depicted in substantial places. At the time of applying the algorithm, we have investigated that for 6-dimentional hypercube, the maximum path length are confined to 6, i.e. whenever the source and destination points are provided, then 6-node points are produced. Among these 6-pionts some of them may have identical values. As a result path length should be less than 6. For the network, the time required to travel a path is measured and shown. The net designed and implemented must a be a collision free one, since when a truth table is written, there would not be any pair of nodes identical in a column.
Drilling Fluids for ERD: Rheology Requires More Than a Quick Look

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Invert emulsions fluids are the preferred system for extended-reach drilling (ERD). They provide superior wellbore stabilization of shale and salt intervals, lubrication, corrosion control, tolerance to contaminants, and yield preferentially oil-wet cuttings with good integrity. In ERD wells, the cuttings may be difficult to remove from the wellbore when fluids with inappropriate viscosity are used. Rheological properties such as yield point (YP) and FANN ® 35 viscometer 6-rpm dial reading (6-rpm reading) are still considered good indicators for hole cleaning capability of the drilling fluid. Many operators have ERD hole cleaning guidelines that call for minimum values for YP and 6-rpm reading. However, the temperature and pressure effects on rheological properties of the fluid are sometimes overlooked and rheological properties at only one temperature (either 120°F or 150°F) are measured and evaluated. Low-clay and clay-free invert systems relying on polymeric additives and rheology modifiers provide better rheological profile and improved hole cleaning when compared to conventional emulsion fluids. Nevertheless, using thermally or shear-activated polymeric additives and rheology modifiers to reach the required values for YP and 6-rpm reading sometimes leads to overtreatment with unfavorable effects on hole cleaning. This paper provides a case history where managing drilling fluid rheological properties led to a record well being drilled trouble free in record time.