jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Pro-Poor Access to Green Electricity in Kenya

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Is Kenya on track to follow an electrification strategy that is green and pro-poor? What are the main challenges to following this path? The two questions guiding this study are particularly relevant in a country with exceptional renewable energy resources, but where 80 per cent of the population lacks access to electricity and 50 per cent lives in poverty. \nThis study looks at four particular issues relating to access to green electricity for the poor: accessibility; commercial viability for project developers; financial sustainability for the State; and affordability. We will focus on grid electricity and mini-grids. For grid-connected generation, once electricity is fed to the grid, the issues of accessibility and affordability for the poor depend on national policies determining who gets electricity and at what price, making it impossible to differentiate between green and non-green electricity. However, our study will show whether or not on-grid renewable generation can be financially sustainable in Kenya while providing affordable fees. For off-grid electricity, targeting the poor is a matter of situating generation capacity in the right places and affordability is a matter of setting prices that allow for cost recovery without being excessively expensive for the poor. \nThis report can support decision-making for development and climate finance institutions, as well as private investors in Kenya seeking a pro-poor green electrification strategy. It shows how to target the poor, which electrification alternatives to use, at what price, whether or not this is commercially viable and which policies would be required to make it so.
[Effect of chronic morphine administration on the "reward" system in rats].

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The influence of morphine on lateral hypothalamic self-stimulation in rats was studied, The drug was injected in stepwise increasing doses from 20 to 60 and 120 mg/kg per injection. A total of 30 injections were performed in 15 days. Initial doses of every new drug injection period exerted predominantly a suppressive action upon self-stimulation, while additional injections resulted in a stable and clearcut activation of the central mechanisms mediating "rewards".
A Bird that flies with two wings

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This book investigates the problems and possibilities of plural legal orders through an in-depth study of the relationship between the state and customary justice systems in Vanuatu. It argues that there is a need to move away from the current state-centric approach to law reform in the South Pacific region, and instead include all state and non-state legal orders in development strategies and dialogue. The book also presents a typology of models of engagement between state and non-state legal systems, and describes a process for analysing which of these models would be most advantageous for any country in the South Pacific region, and beyond.
Reconfigurable 2×1 CPW-Fed Rectangular Slot Antenna Array (RSAA) Based on Graphene for Wireless Communications

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This article presents a 2×1 CPW ultra wideband rectangular slot antenna array (UWB-RSAA) with a modified circular slot shape to support a high data rate for wireless communications applications. The proposed antenna array dimensions are 0.7λ×0.8λo×0.064λo at the resonant frequency 1.8 GHz. It is fabricated on Rogers RO4003 substrate and fed by using a coplanar waveguide (CPW). A graphene layer is added on one side of the substrate to realize frequency reconfigurability and improve the array gain. The proposed array acquires -10 dB impedance bandwidth of the RSAA that extends from 1.7 GHz to 2.6 GHz, from 3.2 to 3.8 GHz, and from 5.2 GHz to 7 GHz. The proposed array achieved a realized peak gain of 7.5 dBi at 6.5 GHz at 0 Volt bias with an average gain of 4.5 dBi over the operating band. When the graphene bias is increased to 20 Volt, the antenna bandwidth extends from 1 GHz to 4 GHz and from 5 to 7 GHz with a peak gain of 14 dBi at 3.5 GHz and an average gain of 7.5 dBi. The linearly polarized operation of the proposed array over the operating bands makes it suitable for short-range wireless communications .
Color naming across languages

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This chapter summarizes some of the research on cross-linguistic color categorization and naming that has addressed issues raised in Basic Color Terms: Their Universality and Evolution (Berlin and Kay 1969, hereafter B&K). It then advances some speculations regarding future developments – especially regarding the analysis, now in progress, of the data of the World Color Survey (hereafter WCS). In the latter respect the chapter serves as something of a progress report on the current state of analysis of the WCS data, as well as a promissory note on the full analysis to come.
A Bayesian network based approach to improve the effectiveness of maintenance actions in Semiconductor Industry

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

The Semiconductor Industry (SI) is facing the challenge of high-mix low-volume production due to increasing diversity in customer demands. This has increased unscheduled equipment breakdowns followed by delays in diagnosis and ineffective maintenance actions that reduce the production capacities. At present, these challenges are addressed with mathematical approaches to optimize maintenance actions and their times of intervention. However, few studies take into account the ineffectiveness of maintenance actions, which is the key source for subsequent breakdowns. Hence, in this paper, we present a methodology to detect poorly executed maintenance actions and predict their consequences on the product quality and/or equipment as the feedback for technicians. It is based on the definition of maintenance objectives and criteria by experts to capture information on the extent to which the objective is fulfilled. Data collected from maintenance actions is then used to formulate Bayesian Network (BN) to model the causality between defined criteria and effectiveness of maintenance actions. This is further used in the respective FMECA defined for each equipment, to unify the maintenance knowledge. The key advantages from the proposed approach are (i) dynamic FMECA with unified and updated maintenance knowledge and (ii) real time feedback for technicians on poor maintenance actions.
The clinical observation of the effect of the captopril on the CHF by 6 minute walking test

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective:By 6 minute walking test observe the therapentic effect of captopril on congestive heart failure (CHF)patient.Method:Give 46 CHF patients who have been given Digoxin and diuretics agents for a long time,Captopril of the maximum tolerant dose.Result:Before the patient took the captopril,the value of the 6 minute walking test was (326.80±65.85)m.After the patient took the captopril,the value of 6 minute walking test was (436.25±86.35)m(P0.01),the difference is significant. Conclusion:Captopril can distinctly improve the cardiac function.6 minute walking test can be not only a safe and effective way of evaluating the cardiac function but also a way to judge the CHF patient's rehabilitation.
Quantification of GFP-RACB(-K167R) fluorescence intensities.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

<p>GFP-tagged RACB-variants (WT <b>(A)</b>, CA <b>(B)</b> and DN <b>(C)</b>) and their corresponding non-ubiquitinatable K167R mutants were transiently expressed in single barley epidermal cells via particle bombardment. Free mCherry was co-expressed in all experiments as a normalizer. Mean pixel fluorescence intensities for GFP and mCherry were measured using a confocal laser-scanning microscope. For comparison, ratios of fluorescence were calculated by dividing the measured fluorescence signal of GFP-RACB by that of free mCherry in each individual cell. In case of GFP-CA- and GFP-DN-RACB, the K167R mutants displayed higher fluorescence levels than their non-mutated K167 counterparts, whereas GFP-WT-RACB(-K167R) fluorescence levels were similar. Each datapoint represents one transformed cell. All datapoints were collected over three biological replicates. Laser excitation levels were different for all three RACB activity variants, but kept identical for regular and K167R RACB forms. Statistical analysis was performed with Wilcoxon rank-sum tests with continuity correction against a p-value of 0.05.</p>
Pertentangan Hati Nurani dan Etika Pelayanan

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Everyone in life will always be faced with various problems. There are light problems and there are difficult problems to deal with. There are people who are so relaxed every time they face the problems that exist, but not a few people who are so panicked about life's problems, some even end their lives. When faced with this problem, the person is required to make the right decision. Making an ethical decision remains a struggle for everyone because making ethical decisions is very difficult, it requires peace of mind and mind. In this discussion, I will discuss the understanding of ethical decisions based on conscience. I think conscience will try to help someone in carrying out an ethical action so that the decision taken is the right decision.Setiap orang hidup akan selalu diperhadapakan dengan beragam persoalan. Ada persoalan yang ringan ada juga persoalan yang sulit untuk dihadapi. Ada orang yang begitu santai setiap menghadapi persoalan yang ada, tetapi tidak sedikit juga orang yang begitu panik menghadapi persoalan hidup bahkan ada yang sampai mengakhiri hidupnya. Saat bertemu dengan persoalan itu, orang tersebut dituntut untuk mengambil sebuah keputusan yang tepat. Mengambil sebuah keputusan etis tetap menjadi pergumulan setiap orang, kare¬na mengambil keputusan etis sangat sulit, dibutuhkan ketenangan hati dan pikiran. Dalam pembahasan ini, saya akan membahas tentang pemahaman keputusan etis berdasarkan hati nurani. Menurut saya hati nurani sampai saat ini akan berusaha membantu seseorang dalam melakukan sebuah tindakan etis, sehingga keputusan yang diambil adalah sesuatu keputusan yang benar.
Effects of a Proximal Seal System on Neurologic Outcomes of Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Severe aortic atherosclerosis is a risk factor for stroke during coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the incidence of postoperative neurologic complications after off-pump CABG (OPCAB) with a proximal seal system (Heartstring).From January 2011 to December 2014, 729 patients underwent isolated OPCAB. The cohort was divided into two groups (Heartstring [HS] and aortic no-touch [NT]). The severity of aortic atherosclerosis (Katz grade) was evaluated by intraoperative epiaortic ultrasonography (EUS). The primary endpoints were postoperative neurologic complications (early stroke and minor events (delirium, transient ischemic attack, and syncope) ), and the secondary endpoints were late major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCEs) and death.The mean age of all patients was 65.1 ± 9.5 years, and a severe Katz grade (IV or V) was demonstrated to be an independent risk factor of long-term mortality (HR 3.53; 95% CI 1.06-11.75; P = 0.04) and MACCEs (HR 2.41; 95% CI 1.19-4.92; P = 0.02), but no significant differences were found for early stroke (0.9% versus 1.7%; P = 0.53) and minor neurologic complications (14.6% versus 9.9%; P = 0.05) between the groups regardless of the Katz grade. The 5-year overall survival rate did not differ significantly between the groups (90.9% versus 87.6%; P = 0.61).Although a higher Katz grade was identified as an independent risk factor of death and MACCEs, the HS group was not inferior in terms of neurologic complications regardless of the Katz grade. Therefore, the Heartstring system might be safely and efficiently used with EUS to decrease the incidence of neurologic complications.
A Genome-Based Resource for Molecular Cardiovascular Medicine

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Background Large-scale partial sequencing of cDNA libraries to generate expressed sequence tags (ESTs) is an effective means of discovering novel genes and characterizing transcription patterns in different tissues. To catalogue the identities and expression levels of genes in the cardiovascular system, we initiated large-scale sequencing and analysis of human cardiac cDNA libraries. Methods and Results Using automated DNA sequencing, we generated 43 285 ESTs from human heart cDNA libraries. An additional 41 619 ESTs were retrieved from public databases, for a total of 84 904 ESTs representing more than 26 million nucleotides of raw cDNA sequence data from 13 independent cardiovascular system–based cDNA libraries. Of these, 55% matched to known genes in the Genbank/EMBL/DDBJ databases, 33% matched only to other ESTs, and 12% did not match to any known sequences (designated cardiovascular system–based ESTs, or CVbESTs). ESTs that matched to known genes were classified according to function, allowing for detection of differences in general transcription patterns between various tissues and developmental stages of the cardiovascular system. In silico Northern analysis of known gene matches identified widely expressed cardiovascular genes as well as genes putatively exhibiting greater tissue specificity or developmental stage specificity. More detailed analysis identified 48 genes potentially overexpressed in cardiac hypertrophy, at least 10 of which were previously documented as differentially expressed. Computer-based chromosomal localizations of 1048 cardiac ESTs were performed to further assist in the search for disease-related genes. Conclusions These data represent the most extensive compilation of cardiovascular gene expression information to date. They further demonstrate the untapped potential of genome research for investigating questions related to cardiovascular biology and represent a first-generation genome-based resource for molecular cardiovascular medicine.
Coronary Anomaly and Coronary Artery Fistula as Cause of Angina Pectoris with Literature Review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Coronary artery fistulas are rare anomalies of the coronary arteries that may sometimes cause symptoms by shunting blood flow away from the myocardial capillary network. We report the case of a 46-year old lady which shows the right coronary cusp giving rise to left main coronary artery called anomalous origin of a coronary artery (AOCA), and also a fistula between the left coronary artery and pulmonary artery. We describe our diagnostic approach and review the literature on the epidemiology, pathophysiology, the diagnostic modalities, and treatment options.
New law bans selling of products with unjustified health claims

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Consumers in the United Kingdom are to receive stronger legal safeguards against products that claim, without any identifiable scientific evidence, to provide physical and mental health benefits such as tackling obesity or depression.

The protection will be provided by the consumer protection regulations that come into force on 26 May, which implement new pan-European rules on unfair commercial practices.

The scope of the legislation is deliberately wide and is the biggest shake up in consumer law for decades. It targets any unfair selling to consumers by any business. It is designed to …
Detection of reactive canines to Leptospira in Campeche City, Mexico.

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Leptospira reactivity in stray and household dogs in Campeche as well as associated risk factors to the seropositivity in household dogs have been herein determined. The survey included 323 dogs, 142 of which were stray dogs and 181 household dogs. Nine Leptospira interrogans serovars were tested by the microagglutination test. Reactivity was 21.3 % (69/323), 17.2 % corresponded to household dogs and 26.7 % to stray dogs. Leptospira Canicola (29 %), Leptospira Hardjo (22.58 %), and Leptospira Icterohaemorrhagiae (16.12 %) were the most common serovars reacting against the serum of household animals, while Leptospira Canicola (15.78 %), Leptospira icterohaemorrhagiae (13.15 %), and Leptospira Pomona (7.89 %) were those reacting in stray dogs. Results showed that all dogs have been in contact with different Leptospira serovars and outdoor exposure is the main infection risk factor.
Atom: An Efficient Query Serving System for Embedding-based Knowledge Graph Reasoning with Operator-level Batching

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Knowledge graph reasoning (KGR) answers logical queries over a knowledge graph (KG), and embedding-based KGR (EKGR) becomes popular recently, which embeds both queries and KG entities such that the vector embeddings of a query and its answer entities are similar. Compared with traditional KGR methods based on subgraph matching, EKGR produces fewer intermediate results and is more robust to missing and noisy information in the KG. However, existing systems are inefficient for serving online EKGR queries because they can only batch queries of the same type for execution (i.e., query-level batching ) and hence have limited batching opportunities due to the heterogeneity of queries. To serve EKGR queries efficiently, we propose the Atom system with operator-level batching, which decomposes queries into operators and batches operators of the same type from different queries for execution. The insight is that the types of operators are far fewer than the types of queries, and thus different queries typically share common operators, yielding more batching opportunities. To schedule the operators, Atom adopts a hybrid policy, which improves system throughput and avoids starving rare operators. For efficiency, Atom incorporates system optimizations including two-level pipeline, opportunistic submission, pre-allocated memory buffer, and tailored GPU kernels. Experiment results show that compared with existing systems, Atom can improve query throughput by over 20x and reduce query latency by over 5x. Micro experiments suggest that the designs and optimizations are effective in improving system performance.
SLAM Family Receptors Regulate Immunity with and without SAP-related Adaptors

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Two papers describing mice deficient in signaling lymphocyte activation molecule and 2B4 represent the first accounts of immune phenotypes in animals lacking members of the SLAM family of receptors. The findings provide definitive evidence of the importance of SLAM-related receptors in the regulation of T cell, macrophage, and natural killer cell functions.
True flies (Insecta: Diptera) from the late Eocene insect limestone (Bembridge Marls) of the Isle of Wight, England, UK

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

ABSTRACT The Diptera fauna from the late Eocene of the Isle of Wight (Bembridge Marls) is studied including redescriptions of formerly described material. The fauna includes the following taxa: Anisopodidae – one species; Bibionidae – 11 species; Ceratopogonidae – one described and two unidentified species; Chironomidae – undetermined species of three subfamilies; Culicidae – four species; Cylindrotomidae – one species; Dixidae – one species; Keroplatidae – one described and four unidentified species; Limoniidae – 31 species; Mycetophilidae – 14 species; Psychodidae – two species; Scatopsidae – two species; Sciaridae – three species; Simuliidae – an unnamed species; Tipulidae – nine species. Diptera Brachycera: Agromyzidae – unidentified species; Anthomyzidae – two species; Asilidae – two species; Bombyliidae – one species; Chloropidae – one species; Dolichopodidae – unidentified species; Empididae – unidentified species; Ephydridae – two species; Heleomyzidae – unidentified species; Lauxaniidae – unidentified species; Otitidae – one species; Phoridae – unidentified species; Rhagionidae – two species; Stratiomyidae – two species; Syrphidae – unidentified species; Tabanidae – one species. Following new taxa are described: Leptotarsus ( Longurio ) fragmentatus Krzemiński, n. sp., Leptotarsus ( Longurio ) wegiereki Krzemiński, n. sp., Tipula (s. lato) anglicana Krzemiński, n. sp. (Tipulidae); Cyttaromyia rossi Krzemiński, n. sp. (Cylindrotomidae); Gurnardia corami Krzemiński, n. gen, n. sp., Pilaria hooleyi Krzemiński, n. sp., Pilaria volodii Krzemiński, n. sp., Cheilotrichia (Cheilotrichia) duplicata Krzemiński, n. sp., Cheilotrichia (Empeda) szwedoi Krzemiński, n. sp., Symplecta (Psiloconopa) gurnetensis Krzemiński, n. sp., Orimarga (Orimarga) lenae Krzemiński, n. sp., Dicranomyia (Dicranomyia) azari Krzemiński, n. sp., Dicranomyia (Dicranomyia) fasciata Krzemiński, n. sp., Helius (Helius) edmundi Krzemiński, n. sp., Helius (Helius) popovi Krzemiński, n. sp., Dicranoptycha staryi Krzemiński, n. sp. (Limoniidae); Wightipsychoda Azar, n. gen. (Psychodidae); Dilophus andrewrossi Nel, Colomb & Waller, n. sp., Bibiodes massiliensis Nel, Colomb & Waller, n. sp. (Bibionidae); Azana cockerelli Blagoderov, n. sp., Aglaomyia vectis Blagoderov, n. sp., Dziedzickia oligocenica Blagoderov, n. sp., Palaeoempalia saxea Blagoderov, n. sp., Mycomya hoolei Blagoderov, n. sp., Leia gurnardensis Blagoderov, n. sp. (Mycetophilidae); Regmoclemina haennii Krzemiński, n. sp. (Scatopsidae); Sylvicola problematica Krzemiński, n. sp. (Anisopodidae); Palaeoberidops barkeri Nicholson , n. gen., n. sp. (Stratiomyidae). The Diptera fauna and palaeohabitat of the Insect Bed is discussed.
Cardiovascular Risk Assessment of Dyslipidemic Middle-Aged Adults without Overt Cardiovascular Disease over the Period of 2009-2016 in Lithuania

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Cardiovascular mortality in Lithuania is extremely high and abnormal lipid levels are very common among Lithuanian adults. Dyslipidemia is one of the main independent risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) leading to high absolute CVD risk. The aim of this study was to assess CVD risk in dyslipidemic middle-aged subjects.
Determination of the sediment inputs from the upper shelf towards the beaches and dunes of Maspalomas (Gran Canaria) by foraminifera analysis

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

In this paper the coastal dynamics of the sedimentary system of Maspalomas (Gran Canaria) has been studied by means of micropaleontological tools. To achieve this goal, the analysis of the foraminiferal content in a group of sedimentary samples from 3 different environments was carried out. A total of 19 samples have been studied, 6 of them corresponding to submarine sediments up to 45 meters depth, 10 to beach sediments from the foreshore and 3 to sediments from recent eolian dunes.Results show that the foraminiferal content in submarine samples is much more elevated, both in number of individuals and species, compared to samples from the foreshore and the dunes, which seems to indicate that sedimentary inputs from the upper shelf towards the beach, and from the beach to the dunes are very weak
Evaluation of mass spectral fingerprints by SPME followed by MS for characterization of honey botanical source

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

XVIII Scientific Meeting of the Spanish Society of Chromatography and related Tecninques - SECyTA 2018.\nXVIII Reunión de la Sociedad Española de Cromatografía y Técnicas Afines (SECyTA 2018), en colaboración con la Sociedad Española de Espectrometría de Masas (SEEM), con sede en la Facultad de Ciencias de la Universidad de Granada, colaboradora de la organización de SECyTA 2018. Del 02-04 de Octubre, Granada - España (2018). .-https://wpd.ugr.es/~secyta2018/