jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Wait a second! Delayed impact of argument roles on on-line verb prediction

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Comprehenders can use rich contextual information to anticipate upcoming input on the fly, but recent findings suggest that salient information about argument roles may not impact verb prediction. We took advantage of the word order properties of Mandarin Chinese to examine the time course with which argument role information impacts verb prediction. We isolated the contribution of argument role information by manipulating the order of pre-verbal noun phrase arguments while holding lexical information constant, and we examined its effects on accessing the verb in long-term semantic memory by measuring the amplitude of the N400 component. Experiment 1 showed when the verb appeared immediately after its arguments, even strongly constraining argument role information failed to modulate the N400 response to the verb. An N400 effect emerged in Experiment 2 when the verb appeared at a greater delay. Experiment 3 corroborated the contrast between the first two experiments through a within-participants manipulation of the time interval between the arguments and the verb, by varying the position of an adverbial phrase. These results suggest time is a key factor governing how diverse contextual information contributes to predictions. Here argument role information is shown to impact verb prediction, but its effect is not immediate.
Enlistment: Lists in Medieval and Early Modern Literature

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Introduction: Enlistment as poetic stratagem / Eva von Contzen and James Simpson -- "He should not overlook anything that could ever be of significance": knowledge and vocabulary in Gerefa / Alexis Kellner Becker -- In the space of a list-Widsith's global modernism / Andrew James Johnston -- Listing divine names: a study in liturgical form / Kathryn Mogk Wagner -- Naming the children of Jacob: the shape of negative theology in the Benjamin Minor / Suzanne Conklin Akbari -- Out of Eden and back again: following the flow of concepts, categories, and lists in the four rivers of Paradise / Martha Rust -- Epic lists: the matter of Troy and the catalogue form in Middle English literature / Eva von Contzen -- Performing generic exhaustion: implosive households in Gavin Douglas's Palice of Honour / Wolfram R. Keller -- The epic tree catalogue from Chaucer to Spenser / Ingo Berensmeyer -- What's in a list? Erasmus, Cromwell, Bale / Alex Davis -- Reformation lists: syntax, the sacred, and the production of junk / James Simpson.
Signal power distributions for simulated outdoor sound propagation in varying refractive conditions

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Probability distributions of acoustic signals propagating through the near-ground atmosphere are simulated by the parabolic equation method. The simulations involve propagation at four angles relative to the mean wind, with frequencies of 100, 200, 400, and 800 Hz. The environmental representation includes realistic atmospheric refractive profiles, turbulence, and ground interactions; cases are considered with and without parametric uncertainties in the wind velocity and surface heat flux. The simulated signals are found to span a broad range of scintillation indices, from near zero to exceeding ten. In the absence of uncertainties, the signal power (or intensity) is fit well by a two-parameter gamma distribution, regardless of the frequency and refractive conditions. When the uncertainties are included, three-parameter distributions, namely, the compound gamma or generalized gamma, are needed for a good fit to the simulation data. The compound gamma distribution appears preferable because its parameters have a straight forward interpretation related to the saturation and modulation of the signal by uncertainties.
Phase separation of SPIN1 through its IDR facilitates histone methylation readout and tumorigenesis

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Spindlin1 (SPIN1) is a unique multivalent histone modification reader that plays a role in ribosomal RNA transcription, chromosome segregation, and tumorigenesis. However, the function of the extended N-terminal region of SPIN1 remains unclear. Here, we demonstrated that SPIN1 can form phase-separated and liquid-like condensates both in vitro and in vivo through its N-terminal intrinsically disordered region (IDR). The phase separation of SPIN1 recruits the histone methyltransferase MLL1 to the same condensates and enriches the H3K4 methylation marks. This process also facilitates the binding of SPIN1 to H3K4me3 and activates tumorigenesis-related genes. Moreover, SPIN1-IDR enhances the genome-wide chromatin binding of SPIN1 and facilitates its localization to genes associated with the MAPK signaling pathway. These findings provide new insights into the biological function of the IDR in regulating SPIN1 activity and reveal a previously unrecognized role of SPIN1-IDR in histone methylation readout. Our study uncovers the crucial role of appropriate biophysical properties of SPIN1 in facilitating gene expression and links phase separation to tumorigenesis, which provides a new perspective for understanding the function of SPIN1.
Structural vibration effect of digital controlled CNC machines on the precision of laser work

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This work has been focused on the study of the effect of vibration and noise generated on the engraving machine through operating in a range of various speeds of the stepper motor. The method that's used is to reduce the vibration and noise is by changing the design of the structure and changing the settings of the stepper motor and changing the thickness of the acrylic and changing the legs material of the machine Also these effects are affecting the accuracy of the engraved surface of the product. finally results are the velocity responses of the vibration in the y-direction of (p-p) are greater than that of the in x-direction. the maximum vibration values are at the acceleration rate of (100 mm/s2) and in the direction of the Y axis, while the vibration values are (350 mm/s2) in the direction of the X axis when the machine is operating at (R.M.S) condition. the lowest critical velocity is (200mm/s2) at acceleration, which means that the increase in acceleration values leads to this velocity moving towards the highest frequency value.
Biomechanical modeling of brace design.

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Frontal curve correction varied significantly, which justifies the need for an adequate adjustment of the brace. A more efficient design for the correction of transverse deformities remains to be found. The "active" correction component by the muscles was not included, but one can anticipate that its action would be concurrent to the passive brace mechanisms, enabling supplementary correction. A new tool simulating brace treatment has been developed, which allows rational design of braces.
SH1377307.08FU

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.
(Invited) In Situ Crosslinked Gel Polymer Electrolytes for Li-Ion Capacitors with Improved Safety and Stability at High Temperature Operation

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Li-ion capacitors (LICs) are considered a promising option for high-power application with a relatively high energy content compared to traditional supercapacitors 1 . There are however some issues with LICs: The anode needs to be pre-lithiated, which adds extra processing steps and increases the cost of assembly and/or material, and the stability at elevated temperatures and flammability of organic electrolytes often used in LICs. Recent progress regarding the pre-lithiation has been made by researchers at CIC energiGUNE, by using as a sacrificial salt together with hard carbon as anode 2 . Regarding novel electrolytes, polymer electrolytes (PEs) are considered a promising route to improve stability and increase the safety in battery research. However, the low ionic conductivity at room temperature limits high-power performance. Overall, important properties of electrolytes for LICs are a wide electrochemical stability window, high conductivity, and a low viscosity. For a PE to fulfil these demands, a liquid component is added to the polymer, forming a gel polymer electrolyte (GPE). In this work, we have investigated a mixture of two monomers, PETEA and PEGDMA, as polymer components in a standard 1M LiFSI EC:DMC liquid electrolyte. This polymer mixture enables the formation of a GPE in situ , at very low concentrations, through a mild heat treatment. Results have been shown in slightly different systems to provide a high conductivity and wide electrochemical stability windows 3 . In this work we show that the GPE is compatible with the sacrificial salt and that the addition of a polymer component reduces evaporation and improves stability and performance at 70 and 80ºC compared to the liquid electrolyte alone. References: 1 Y. Shao et al., Chemical Reviews , 2018, 118(18) , 9233–9280 2 M. Arnaiz et al., Energy & Environmental Science , 2020, 13(8) , 2441–2449 3 Y.-H. Su et al., Journal of Power Sources , 2021, 481 , 228869 Figure 1. Showing the different steps in preparation/pre-treatment of the LIC concept investigated: from a) liquid phase infiltration of the electrodes, b) crosslinking the electrolyte, c) pre-lithiation of the anode and finally d) normal operation of the LIC. Figure 1
A Pilot Crossover Study of Berberine and its Short-Term Effects on Blood Glucose Levels in Healthy Volunteers

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Different berberine preparations were evaluated for their effectiveness on lowering blood glucose in a pilot, open-label, crossover study conducted in healthy adults. METHODS: Fourteen healthy volunteers of both sexes were recruited, and seven completed all treatments in the study. Study participants ingested one of three berberine preparations containing 500mg of berberine, respectively. A one week wash out period was included between treatments. A control group was included to measure the participants’ baseline response to a 75g glucose solution without any treatment, and the following interventions were administered: berberine powder in hard gelatin capsules, berberine in an oil matrix encapsulated in soft-gelatin capsules, and berberine in LipoMicel® matrix encapsulated in soft-gelatin capsules. Blood glucose concentrations in each participant were monitored from pre-dose baseline, before the capsules were ingested, until up to 3 hours after the capsules were ingested. RESULTS: LipoMicel Berberine treatment led to reduced blood glucose concentrations Area Under Curve (AUC, mean difference: 1.57; 95% CI: 0.021 - 3.12; P = 0.046; Cohen’s d = 1.53) and reduced maximum glucose concentration (Gmax, mean difference: 1.07; 95% CI 0.004 - 2.14; P = 0.049; Cohen’s d = 1.52) compared to the control group when no-treatment was given. No adverse events related to berberine treatments were reported by participants throughout the study period. CONCLUSIONS: LipoMicel Berberine was effective in lowering blood glucose AUC by 12% after two 500mg doses in 7 participants. Berberine in other formulations may require a longer dosing regimen before blood glucose lowering effects can be demonstrated.
A basic introduction to large deviations: Theory, applications, simulations

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The theory of large deviations deals with the probabilities of rare events (or fluctuations) that are exponentially small as a function of some parameter, e.g., the number of random components of a system, the time over which a stochastic system is observed, the amplitude of the noise perturbing a dynamical system or the temperature of a chemical reaction. The theory has applications in many different scientific fields, ranging from queuing theory to statistics and from finance to engineering. It is also increasingly used in statistical physics for studying both equilibrium and nonequilibrium systems. In this context, deep analogies can be made between familiar concepts of statistical physics, such as the entropy and the free energy, and concepts of large deviation theory having more technical names, such as the rate function and the scaled cumulant generating function. The first part of these notes introduces the basic elements of large deviation theory at a level appropriate for advanced undergraduate and graduate students in physics, engineering, chemistry, and mathematics. The focus there is on the simple but powerful ideas behind large deviation theory, stated in non-technical terms, and on the application of these ideas in simple stochastic processes, such as sums of independent and identically distributed random variables and Markov processes. Some physical applications of these processes are covered in exercises contained at the end of each section. In the second part, the problem of numerically evaluating large deviation probabilities is treated at a basic level. The fundamental idea of importance sampling is introduced there together with its sister idea, the exponential change of measure. Other numerical methods based on sample means and generating functions, with applications to Markov processes, are also covered.
Addition of PECS Block to Multimodal Analgesia for Postoperative Analgesia after Breast Cancer Surgery: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Postoperative pain can seriously reduce the quality of life in patients, and acute pain can even trigger chronic pain syndrome. We aimed to compare efficacy of adding PECS block under general anesthesia with preoperative oral multimodal Analgesia (MMA) or alone on postoperative opioid consumption in subjects undergoing breast surgery.Methods: This prospective double-blinded randomized controlled study was conducted on 120 adult women underwent breast surgeries. Patients were randomly allocated into 3 equal groups; group I, only MMA was administered, group II; both PECS and MMA were administered and group III only PECS was administered. All patients were evaluated full clinical assessment and laboratory investigations. In group I, preoperative MMA with oral acetaminophen 975 mg and/or gabapentin 600 mg as preventive analgesia was given within 2 h prior to surgery.Results: There was an insignificant difference among the studied groups regarding the VAS at all time measurement and perioperative opioid consumption. The incidence of PONV and the need for PONV rescue medication were significantly different among the studied group, being less prevalent in group C followed by group B (P=0.001, 0.001).Conclusions: We found comparable results in the postoperative VAS score and perioperative opioid consumption suggesting that the use of PECS block combined with MMA may not reduce intraoperative and/or postoperative opioid consumption in subjects undergoing elective breast surgery. However, the incidence of PONV was less prevalent in PECS group followed by PECS block combined with MMA.
The Role of DPP-4 Inhibitors in Cardiovascular Protection among Type-2 Diabetic Patients; Literature Review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A combination of metabolic disorders manifested by increased blood glucose levels causes Diabetes mellitus. Patients with diabetes are more prone to morbidity and increased rate of mortality compared to the general population, with a substantial contribution to healthcare costs. One of the significant risk factors for cardiovascular problems is Diabetes Mellitus. Hence, the additional cardiovascular beneficial effect has been reported in various new antidiabetic agents, including DPP-4 inhibitor
Mapping Soil Particle-Size Fractions Using Additive Log-Ratio (ALR) and Isometric Log-Ratio (ILR) Transformations and Proximally Sensed Ancillary Data

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Together, the three particle size fractions (PSFs) of clay, silt, and sand are the most fundamental soil properties because the relative abundance influences the physical, chemical, and biological activities in soil. Unfortunately, determining PSFs requires a laboratory method which is time-consuming. One way to add value is to use digital soil mapping, which relies on empirical models, such as multiple linear regression (MLR), to couple ancillary data to PSFs. This approach does not account for the special requirements of compositional data. Here, ancillary data were coupled, via MLR modelling, to additive log-ratio (ALR) or isometric log-ratio (ILR) transformations of the PSFs to meet these requirements. These three approaches (MLR vs . ALR-MLR and ILR-MLR) were evaluated along with the use of different ancillary data that included proximally sensed gamma-ray spectrometry, electromagnetic induction, and elevation data. In addition, how the prediction might be improved was examined using ancillary data that was measured on transects and was compared to data interpolated from transects spaced far apart. Although the ALR-MLR approach did not produce significantly better results, it predicted soil PSFs that summed to 100 and had the advantage of interpreting the ancillary data relative to the original coordinates ( i.e. clay, silt, and sand). For the prediction of PSFs at various depths, all ancillary data were useful. Elevation and gamma-ray data were slightly better for topsoil and elevation and electromagnetic (EM) data were better for subsoil prediction. In addition, a smaller transect spacing (26 m) and number of samples (9–16) might be adopted for mapping soil PSFs and soil texture across the study field. The ALR-MLR approach can be applied elsewhere to map the spatial distribution of clay minerals.
Geological and Geophysical data of field activity F-10-89-CP in Central Pacific from 09/06/1989 to 10/02/1989

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Chief Scientists: Jim Hein, Jung-Keuk Kang. Geological and Geophysical data (3dot5khz, 10khz, magnetics, gravity, underwatertelevision, GPS, RhoRho, airgun, chaindredge, Niskenbottle, underwatercamera, CTDmeter, expendablebatthermograph, transmissometer) of field activity F-10-89-CP in Central Pacific from 09/06/1989 to 10/02/1989, http://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/infobank/f/f1089cp/html/f-10-89-cp.meta.html.
Parametric Optimization of End Milling Of AISI 1018 Mild Steel by Various Lubricants with Solid Carbide End Mills.

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This study investigated the optimization of End milling of AISI 1018mild steel by various lubricants using the Grey relational analysis method. Quaker 7101, Blasocut strong 4000 and Velvex have been selected as lubricant. All the experiment are carried out at different cutting parameter (Number of Tool Flutes, Depth of cut, Spindle speed and Feed rate) in various lubricant assisted environment.Twenty Seven experiments runs based on an orthogonal array of Taguchi method were performed. Each nine experiments were carried out in Quaker 7101, Blasocut strong 4000 and Velvex lubricant. Surface roughness, cutting force andpower consumption selected as aresponse variable.An optimal parameter combination of the milling operation was obtained via Grey relational analysis. By analyzing the Grey relational grade matrix, the degree of influence for each controllable process factor onto individual quality targets can be found. The optimal parameter combination is then tested for accuracy of conclusion with a test run using the same parameters.
Photochemische Cycloadditionen von 3‐Phenyl‐2H‐azirinen an Carbonsäurechloride. 35. Mitteilung über Photoreaktionen

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Irradiation of 2, 3‐diphenyl‐2 H ‐azirine ( 1a ) and 1‐azido‐1‐phenyl‐propene, the precursor of 2‐methyl‐3‐phenyl‐2 H ‐azirine ( 1b ), in benzene, with a high pressure mercury lamp (pyrex filter) in the presence of acid chlorides yields the oxazoles 5a–d ( Scheme 2 ). Photolysis of 2, 2‐dimethyl‐3‐phenyl‐2 H ‐azirine ( 1c ) under the same conditions gives after methanolysis the 5‐methoxy‐2, 2‐dimethyl‐4‐phenyl‐3‐oxazolines 7a, b, d , while hydrolysis of the reaction mixture leads to the formation of the 1, 2‐diketones 8a, c, d ( Scheme 4 ). The suggested reaction path for all these reactions is a 1, 3‐dipolar cycloaddition of the photochemically generated benzonitrilemethylides 2 to the carbonyl double bond of the acid chlorides to give the intermediates 4 , followed by either elimination of hydrogen chloride or solvolysis ( Schemes 2 and 4 ). Irradiation of 1c in the presence of acetic acid anhydride leads via the intermediate 9 to the 5‐hydroxy‐3‐oxazoline 10 and the 5‐methylidene‐3‐oxazoline 11 ( Scheme 5 ).
The Effect of Dietary Protein and Insulin on Calciuria

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This review covers papers looking at the mechanism of dietary protein induced hypercalciuria and in particular looking at the mechanism of the effect that insulin has in varying calciuria. Consideration is also given to the role of pH. ammoniagenesis, gluconeogenesis, ammonia and dietary lipids. Examination of the mechanism of dietary protein induced hypercalciuria is shown to be significant and that insulin can have a significant effect on modifying the level of calciuria. The effect of insulin was shown to work via its inhibition of gluconeogenesis so that ATP is made more available for active transport of Ca. Consideration was also given to the role of pH that can result from a high protein meal and it was demonstrated to work by stimulating ammoniagenesis coupled to gluconeogenesis thus reducing the availability of ATP. The membrane transport of ammonia that is also produced by ammoniagenesis was examined to see if it could have a direct inhibitory effect on Ca transport. It is shown to change its molecular configuration to a non-polar form and diffuse through membranes in a manner that would have no effect on Ca transport. Dietary lipids are also considered in regard to possible effect on calciuria and they were shown to have no significant effect on calciuria.
Evaluation of Performance Quality of Workers in Medical Laboratories within the Health Sector under the Corona Pandemic in Al-Muthana Governorate/Iraq

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Laboratory performance is a relative concept, but it is crucial in the whole testing process, as are quality and safety. The study aimed to assess the quality of performance of workers in medical laboratories within the health sector during the Corona pandemic. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at 3 hospitals, 19 PHCCs distributed in 5 sectors, and 1 Public Health Laboratory randomly selected ( using a Multistage random sampling method) in Muthanna governorate. The period of study starts on 1 December 2021 – 31 March 2021. Results: The study found that 77.0% of the participants had a moderate assessment score, followed by 20.4%having a good assessment score. At the same time, the lowest percentage (2.6%) of the employees have a poorassessment score.