jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
LAPD Personnel Interview, Jefferson - Zimmon, 1992

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Analysis of the Los Angeles Police Department's planning, preparedness and response to the 1992 riot ( the first six hours), Los Angeles Police Department personnel interviews, Paul Jefferson - Garrett Zimmon, 1992. PART OF SERIES: Included in the series are internal documents produced by the LAPD, which aided the Webster Commission in its assessment of the Department's operations. Materials include copies of the Watch Commander's Daily Reports between October, 1991 and May, 1992; critiques and after-action reports on the riots issued by each LAPD bureau; and correspondence regarding personnel and budget matters, crime statistics, and several Department-initiated programs. Also included are several documents, including schedules, press releases, and memoranda, that were issued by the office of Los Angeles Mayor Tom Bradley regarding the verdicts in the Rodney King case.
Outcomes after primary chemoradiotherapy for N3 (>6 cm) head and neck squamous cell carcinoma after an FDG-PET--guided neck management policy.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background. The purpose of this study was to assess whether a positron emission tomography (PET)-directed policy remains appropriate for managing neck nodes (N3; >6 cm) in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).
Characterizing LTE user equipment emissions under closed-loop power control

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This report presents a laboratory-based characterization of Long Term Evolution (LTE) User Equipment (UE) emissions under closed-loop power control, building on our prior work (NIST TN 2069), which assessed the impact of a large number of factors affecting UE emissions. Specifically, this investigation aims to shed light on real-world UE behavior through rigorous measurements of uplink power per physical resource block under a variety of realistic conditions and settings. In addition, this work provides insight into the relationship between the UE-reported uplink power and the actual power radiated by the UE. Although the results presented here pertain to LTE equipment operating in a specific frequency band, LTE Band 66 (1710 MHz - 1780 MHz), the measurement method is presented in enough detail that additional investigations can be performed in other bands of interest. The report concludes with a summary of contributions on a variety of uplink emissions topics of common interest to those developing interference models and coexistence strategies.
Evidence for direct durable capture of 1- to 8-Mev solar alpha particles onto geomagnetically trapped orbits

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

By using satellite observations from Injun 5, an examination of the temporal variations of the intensity of geomagnetically trapped α particles has been made for the 8-month period September 1968 to April 1969. The most prominent change was a stepwise increase in intensity of 1- to 8-Mev α particles in the outer zone by a factor of 40 during the period October 29 to November 1, 1968. By combining Injun 5 data for the full 8-month period with Explorer 35 observations on solar α particles in interplanetary space and with geomagnetic storm data, we are led to suggest that major rapid increases in the trapped intensity of 1- to 8-Mev α particles are caused primarily by the direct capture of solar particles from the interplanetary beam, but that such capture occurs only during geomagnetic storms of appropriate characteristics. Specific characteristics are suggested.
Experimental and numerical study on safety of shelled high explosives during drop

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this study, the safety of shelled high explosives during drop was investigated based on experiments and simulations. First, split Hopkinson pressure bar and L-Spigot drop tests of RU-2D explosives were carried out, the parameters of the constitutive model were obtained by combining the optimization algorithm and genetic algorithm, and the stress–strain data obtained from the simulations agreed with the experimental results. Then, we combined the finite element method with the viscoelastic–viscoplastic-damage constitutive model and the hot spot model based on microcrack friction to investigate the damage evolution and non-shock ignition mechanism of shelled high explosives and analyzed the effects of shell thickness and material. The development of the shear region within high explosives was divided into two stages. The early shear region was formed above the contact region between the plug edge and high explosives and then extended upward along 45°. After the shell started to fracture, the original shear region was significantly strengthened. The formation and evolution of the damage and temperature rise were closely related to the shear region, and the simulation result of the threshold height for ignition was consistent with the L-Spigot test results. With the increase in shell thickness, the initial damage and temperature rise region gradually moved away from the contact region along the shear region, the damage region gradually increased, and the time of non-shock ignition gradually increased. When the fiber-reinforced polymer material was used, the region of non-shock ignition moved away from the contact region, and the time of non-shock ignition gradually increased.
Biodegradation, Water Sorption Isotherms and Thermodynamic Properties of Extruded Packaging Composed of Cassava Starch With Tomato Peel

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Scientists are developing new technologies for biodegradable active packaging made from natural polymers and antioxidant agents as a more sustainable alternative to conventional packaging made from fossil fuels. In this study, the biodegradation of the films was evaluated using techniques such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetry (TG), visual and morphological analysis using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Water sorption isotherms and thermodynamic parameters were analyzed at different temperatures (5 °C, 15 °C, and 25 °C) and relative humidities until the samples reached a constant weight. The results showed changes in the morphology, color, and mass of the cassava starch films with tomato peel due to biodegradation. FTIR revealed structural changes in the films, while TG/DTG curves did not show significant differences over time. The addition of tomato peel to the polymer matrix resulted in lower water solubility. The Guggenheim-Anderson-de Boer (GAB) model provided the best fit for the water sorption isotherms. The monolayer moisture content (X m ) increased with temperature, indicating the availability of active sites for water sorption in the material. Thermodynamic analyses indicated that lower moisture content corresponded to more active sorption sites, and the sorbed water molecules exhibited greater order. In conclusion, biodegradable active packaging offers an environmentally friendly alternative as it decomposes more rapidly than conventional packaging made from fossil-derived materials. The sorption isotherms demonstrated that the adsorption in the packaging materials is controlled by entropy, emphasizing the importance of the number of available active sites for binding rather than the chemical composition of the film.
Articulatory Strategy in Vowel Production as a Basis for Speaker Discrimination

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The way speakers articulate is well known to be variable across individuals while at the same time subject to anatomical and biomechanical constraints. In this study, we ask whether articulatory strategy in vowel production can be sufficiently speaker-specific to form the basis for speaker discrimination. We conducted Generalised Procrustes Analyses of tongue shape data from 40 English speakers from the North West of England, and assessed the speaker-discriminatory potential of orthogonal tongue shape features within the framework of likelihood ratios. Tongue size emerged as the individual dimension with the strongest discriminatory power, while tongue shape variation in the more anterior part of the tongue generally outperformed tongue shape variation in the posterior part. When considered in combination, shape-only information may offer comparable levels of speaker specificity to size-and-shape information, but only when features do not exhibit speaker-level co-variation.
The effect of vitamin D deficiency and vitamin D supplementation on the risk of cardiovascular diseases

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Studies revealed an association between vitamin D deficiency and the frequency of cardiovascular diseases and their risk factors. This review is aimed at summarizing evidence for the association of vitamin D deficiency and vitamin D supplementation with the risk of cardiovascular diseases. The data was collected by surfing the Pubmed, Cochrane Central Registry and EMBASE databases for appropriate and related studies. Search terms included: "Vitamin D", "cardiovascular diseases", "CVD", "calcitriol" and "1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D". The abstracts of the discovered articles were reviewed, and the full texts of the articles that met the criteria were then evaluated to be used for the study. The large number of clinical trials, cross-sectional, prospective and systematic review studies are evidence that vitamin D deficiency is associated with most cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and with the pathogenesis of CVD. However, with regard to the clinical trial studies evaluated in this work, vitamin D supplementation did not decrease the occurrence of cardiovascular events.
From Deinstitutionalization to Community-Based Urban Development: Investigating Accessibility of Urban Systems in Calabria through Network Analytics

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Community-based urban development is an inclusive approach for local service provision and management centered on the proactive partnerships between urban communities and local governments. Rooted in the deinstitutionalization of public services, the European Union and national policy effort is pushing towards the organization of community-based alternatives in response to the evolving needs of local communities. As the pandemic has shown, service accessibility has proven to be a key concern element that needs to be addressed to increase communities’ and cities’ resilience. In this direction, the paper aims to propose data-driven alternative approaches to assess urban systems’ accessibility and connectivity as an element of leveraging the resilience-oriented planning process and facilitating community-based development. The methodological approach focuses on the case of the Calabria region, where community-based alternatives for the provision of public services found difficulties to be operationalized through an integrated planning approach. The case study is explored by experimenting on the spatial connections of two purposefully selected clusters to assess the accessibility and connectivity of urban systems within the region through network analysis visualization tools: health and social-related services and transportation and logistics. The analytical approach outlines the accessibility level of urban systems in the region examined, proving its relevance in detecting social, economic, and environmental dynamics. This approach shows how using non-traditional data-driven perspectives can detect development dynamics—which affect local community’s needs—and their limitations in the organization of community-based development alternatives.
Anthropological evaluation of Old Kingdom human burials from the pyramid field of Abusir

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Anthropological research has been going on at the archaeological concession of the Czech Institute of Egyptology in Abusir for nearly 60 years. The first burials dated to the Old Kingdom, more specifically to the Fifth and Sixth Dynasties (2510–2365 BC), were found in 1976. Nevertheless, it has taken almost to the present time to gather more than two hundred skeletons needed to carry out a comprehensive study of the Abusir skeletal sample. This task was preceded by the creation of the AnuBase, an extensive and detailed database of anthropological data, and by the acquisition of a suitable depository space where the human skeletal remains are stored. The present study focuses mainly on the paleodemographic profile of the individuals buried in Abusir cemeteries and the metric analysis of the skeletons dating to the Old Kingdom. The results revealed a lower number of buried females compared to males and very few subadults. Very pronounced sexual dimorphism was noted between the male and female skeletons in both skulls and the infra cranial skeleton. Male crania are longer but lower than female crania, while females were characterized by higher faces. Although male long bones were longer and more robust than female ones, they do not differ in the proportionality of the upper and lower extremities. High sexual dimorphism in body height is consistent with the presumption of the higher status of individuals buried in Abusir. The results of both anthropological and paleodemographic analyses show a connection with the social status of the individuals in question. The low number of females buried in the cemeteries of Abusir and the almost missing subadults could indicate specific burial strategies in the area governed by strict rules. Future research should address these issues in detail.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Biological Screening of 1‐N‐{(4′‐[4′′,4′′′‐Difluorodiphenyl)‐methyl] ‐piperazine‐1′‐yl}‐4‐arylidene‐2‐phenyl‐5‐oxo‐imidazolines.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Most of the new imidazolines (V) (10 examples) possess good to remarkable antibacterial and antifungal activities compared to standard drugs ampicillin, chloramphenicol, norfloxacin and greseofulvin.
Chief Seattle's speech(es): Ambivalent idealizations and emplacing the uprooted 'origin'

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This thesis traces the narcissistic dynamics behind mounting idealizations of a Native American Indian, Chief Seattle, and his renowned speech of 1854. In my work I draw from psychoanalytic, poststructuralist, 'post-colonial', and translation theories, as well as from contemporary Indian scholarship. I develop my own provisional model of what I term "Narcissistic Drift", providing a means of charting the intertextual dynamics driving colonial representations of otherness to converge progressively with stereotypical norms. Where previous Seattle studies have tended to concern themselves with issues of textual 'authenticity', I build on such work to consider how an indigenous speech 'uprooted' from its Native American contexts by the written word, has become vulnerable to fetishistic uses by colonial producers, as well as to growing universalist idealization in written and visual media. I resist such trends by re-positioning H.A. Smith's Seattle speech version of 1887, relative to traces of the 1854 oration's political and cultural contexts and codes of interpretation. I find that in Smith's speech version- despite its aestheticizing frame - there is a sense of agency and sophistication in the Salishan elder's rhetorical manouevrings. I argue that Seattle's dynamic position in judgement of the colonizers, located in-between absolute denial and unqualified acceptance of 'Red'/'White' brotherhood, becomes erased by subsequent, increasingly assimilationist portrayals. I locate these idealizations of Seattle and his speech at a disempowering site placed across the West's most profound 'excluded middle'- between 'Nature' and 'Culture'.
The Caribbean and Farallon Plates Connected: Constraints From Stratigraphy and Paleomagnetism of the Nicoya Peninsula, Costa Rica

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Plate kinematic reconstructions play an essential role in our understanding of global geodynamics, but become increasingly difficult to constrain back in geological time due to the subduction of oceanic lithosphere. Here, we attempt to kinematically reconstruct the Cretaceous and older plate tectonic history of the Caribbean Plate within the Mesozoic Panthalassa (paleo-Pacific) Ocean. To this end, we present new paleomagnetic data from Jurassic and Cretaceous oceanic sedimentary and volcanic Large Igneous Province-related rocks of the Nicoya Peninsula and Murciélago Islands of northwestern Costa Rica. We use these data, in combination with constraints from marine magnetic anomalies to infer the age of the lithospheric basement, seismic tomography to locate deep-mantle plume generation zones, and general kinematic feasibility, to test different reconstruction scenarios connecting the Caribbean Plate to the Farallon Plate as restored from Pacific spreading records. Our resulting reconstruction implies that the western Caribbean subduction zone initiated around 100 Ma, in an intraoceanic setting, breaking up oceanic lithosphere of at least 70 Myr old.
Canine parvovirus in a commercial kennel: epidemiologic and pathologic findings.

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

A study was conducted at a large canine commercial kennel that had suffered serious losses due to epidemic diarrheal disease following the introduction of canine parvovirus (CPV) into the kennel population. Mortality was highest in weaned (9- to 12-week-old) puppies coincident with the decline in maternal antibody titers. Virus was present in fecal samples from both fatal and non-fatal cases. Intestinal lesions of varying severity were present in dogs that died. One case of myocarditis occurred in a 5-week-old puppy. Reproductive performance was unaffected by the introduction of canine parvovirus into the kennel population.
European Aspects of Converging Technology Development. The Case of Life and Medical Sciences

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Die Entwicklung Konvergenter Technologie auf der Basis von Nanotechnologie ist gegenwärtig ein umfassendes technologisches Leitbild. Konvergente Technologie könnte, vor allem wegen ihrer Synergieeffekte, zu einer Hauptantriebskraft in unserer globalisierten Welt werden, sei es in der Biotechnologie oder in der Informatik, sei es in der Material- oder Kognitionswissenschaft, um nur einige zu nennen. Ergänzend zur technischen Seite ist es wichtig, die möglichen ethischen Herausforderungen Konvergenter Technologie zu erforschen und zu untersuchen, wie unterschiedliche Staaten und internationale Institutionen diese Herausforderungen wahrnehmen und beantworten. Der Umstand, dass Technologieentwicklung und der Wandel der Ökonomie, gesellschaftlicher Institutionen, der Kultur und des Alltags sich wechselseitig beeinflussen, erfordert die integrative Untersuchung möglicher Alternativen. Dieses Buch bietet einen technisch, ethisch und gesellschaftlich orientierten Überblick über Konvergente Technologie mit dem Schwerpunkt Nanotechnologie. Es basiert auf einem internationalen Workshop, der im Dezember 2005 in Budapest stattfand.
3-D Maxwell fluid flow over an exponentially stretching surface using 3-stage Lobatto IIIA formula

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The present study looks at the three dimensional boundary layer flow driven by an exponentially stretching surface. An upper-convected Maxwell (UCM) fluid is considered. Characteristics here are characterized by rheological constitutive equations of upper convected Maxwell (UCM) fluid. Involved mathematical modeling constitutes a nonlinear differential system. 3-stage Lobatto IIIA formula is employed to construct the numerical solutions whereas analytic solutions are computed using HAM. Both solutions are compared and found in good agreement. The velocity components are analyzed for the Deborah number and ratio parameters.
A Jacobi--Davidson Type Method for a Right Definite Two-Parameter Eigenvalue Problem

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We present a new numerical iterative method for computing selected eigenpairs of a right definite two-parameter eigenvalue problem. The method works even without good initial approximations and is able to tackle large problems that are too expensive for existing methods. The new method is similar to the Jacobi--Davidson method for the eigenvalue problem. In each step, we first compute Ritz pairs of a small projected right definite two-parameter eigenvalue problem and then expand the search spaces using approximate solutions of appropriate correction equations. We present two alternatives for the correction equations, introduce a selection technique that makes it possible to compute more than one eigenpair, and give some numerical results.
Influences of cornett lower end

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The lack of a distinct bell at the large end of the renaissance cornett is associated with some unique properties. The typical cornett has a conical shape with a length between 55 and 65 cm, and an open end diameter of 2.5–3.5 cm. Its range is from A3 to D6 (about 220–1175 Hz). With all holes covered, it usually overblows a minor ninth from the first register to the second. Notes with open holes overblow an octave, and adjustment of tone-hole dimensions can bring the ratios of second- to first-mode frequencies close to 2:1 for diatonic scale notes. Besides benefitting tuning, this also improves low register response due to intermode cooperation. The cutoff frequency of the tone-hole lattice is typically between about 600 and 900 Hz. Higher frequencies pass down the bore but are reflected back at the open end, whose cutoff frequency exceeds 3000 Hz. This sustains several higher modes whose frequencies are strongly affected by the total bore length. The length directly affects the tuning of some third-register notes, and a second-register note can benefit when the bore length is adjusted so that a higher mode frequency lines up with a harmonic of the tone.
Modulating effects of red wine and beer on heterocyclic aromatic amines carcinogenesis

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

It is generally accepted that about one-third of all cancers are related to dietaryfactors. Cooking conditions and dietary culture play a major role in ingestion of foodbornemutagens/carcinogens, such as heterocyclic aromatic amines. These are producedunder normal household cooking conditions from foods rich in protein, such as, meat andfish. Moreover, the effects of these genotoxic compounds on human carcinogenesis willbe influenced by the metabolic activation, detoxification and cellular responses to DNAdamage, involving phase I and II enzymes, such as cytochrome P450 enzymes, NATs,SULTs and UGTs. In humans, these enzymes are inducible and exhibit polymorphicvariation. Thus, differences in biotransformation capacity are a result of both geneticvariation in the expression and the forms of enzymes (polymorphism) as well as dietaryconstituents that modulate the expression and enzyme activity.Several studies support the assumption that a number of red wine and beercomponents can inhibit the activity of CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 and suppress heterocyclicaromatic amines genotoxicity. Additionally, the detoxifying activity of GST can beincreased by the intake of red wine and beer. All these aspects indicate that these twobeverages can interfere with enzyme activity involved in the metabolism of heterocyclicaromatic amines and protect against DNA damage and cancer induction by heterocyclicaromatic amines. On the other hand, formation of heterocyclic aromatic amines in cookedmeat, the major source of these compounds in the diet, can be reduced by the use of redwine or beer marinades.This chapter describes the modulating effects of red wine and beer on heterocyclicaromatic amines carcinogenesis, including the influence of some components of thesebeverages on modification of metabolic activation or detoxification activities of HAAsand how to minimize the formation of HAAs during cooking through the use of red wineand beer.