jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Core Language Predictors of Behavioral Functioning in Early Elementary School Children: Concurrent and Longitudinal Findings

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The authors examined (a) the extent to which kindergarten estimates of core language functions predicted teacher ratings of behavior problems in each of the child's first 4 years of elementary school and (b) the ability of core language measures to predict concurrent behavior problems at each of the early elementary school grades studied. Participants were 74 African American children who were recruited as infants into a longitudinal study of children's health and development. Sixty percent of the families were classified as low-income when the children entered kindergarten. Conduct problems and hyperactivity were assessed with the Conners’ Teacher Rating Scale, core language functions with the Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals-3 (CELF-3) and Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-Revised (PPVT-R), and verbal working memory with the Competing Language Processing Task (CLPT). Results indicated that expressive and receptive language at kindergarten predicted teacher ratings of conduct problems, with increasing accuracy as children moved from kindergarten to third grade, particularly for receptive language. None of the early language measures predicted hyperactivity at any of the grades. Concurrent relationships, expressive language, conduct problems, and hyperactivity were stronger in second grade than in kindergarten, while lower scores in working memory predicted higher teacher-reported hyperactivity. These findings underscore the importance of core language functions in the prediction of behavior problems.
Housework Made Easy

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Those who tirelessly preached the gospel of rationalization sought to trans, form not only machines, factories, and vast business enterprises, but also the households and family lives of middle,class and, especially, working,class Germans. Women were central to this project. Bourgeois feminists, educa, tors, and social workers orchestrated a vast propaganda campaign to ratio, nalize the working,class home and the proletarian housewife. Working,class women were both the intended audience and the designated agents of the desired changes. The anticipated benefits from household rationalization, however, were to go first and foremost to others-husbands and children, industry and the national economy, political parties and the state. The impetus to rationalize housework came from diverse groups who shared a commitment to modern technology and productivist ideologies. There were of course Weimar Germany’s famous modern architects of the Bauhaus and the Neues Bauen movement, such as Bruno Taut and Martin Wagner, who regarded functional modern architecture as the key to trans, forming working-class housing and the lives led within it.1 Their partners in this campaign were industrialists, Social Democrats, and bourgeois femi, nists. All accepted aid from the same social workers, engineers, industrial sociologists, and vocational education teachers and coordinated their efforts through the Home Economics Group of the RKW.2 Each believed that whether or not modern public housing was built, the working-class house, wife could be Taylorized, the proletarian home rationalized. Each shared a vision of a “new person” who would be “modern, clean, rational, disciplined, as well as family oriented.”
A Study on the German Concept of Education(Erziehung) -Focused on historical changes and comparison with related concepts, and comparison with Korean concept of education-

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

본 연구는 다양하고 혼란스럽게 사용되고 있는 독일의 교육 개념 Erziehung을 명료화하기 위한 연구이다. 먼저 Erziehung 개념의 역사적 변천과정과 최근 논의를 정리한다. 이어서 유사개념인 자기형성(Bildung)과 사회화(Sozialisation)를 Erziehung과 비교한다. 마지막으로 한국의 교육학개론서들이 교육을 어떻게 정의하는지 정리하여, 독일의 Erziehung 개념과 비교한다. 오늘날 Erziehung 개념은 성장세대의 사회적 입문과 자기됨을 목표로 하는 영향력 행사, 타인의 도움에 의한 자기교육과정, 타인의 심리적 성향을 특정한 방향으로 형성하려는 행위로 이해되고 있다. Erziehung과 Bildung은 성숙을 목표로 사회문화적 환경 속에서 자신의 성향과 잠재력을 계발하여 자신의 인성을 발달시키려는 활동이라는 점에서는 공통적이다. 이에 반해, Erziehung은 사회가 성장세대에게 바람직하다고 하는 가치와 행동규범을 전수하는 행위라면, Bildung은 인간이 스스로와 세계를 만들어감으로써 스스로를 형성내가는 과정이다. Erziehung과 사회화는 성장세대의 발달, 역량의 획득, 정체성 형성과정이라는 점에서는 공통적이다. 사회화는 Erziehung을 포괄하는 상위개념이다. Erziehung이 아동과 청소년을 기존사회로 입문시키는 계획적이고 목표지향적인 행위라면, 사회하는 그것을 포함하여 계획하지 않은 영향을 포괄하는 개념이다. 한국에서는 교육이라는 단일한 용어를 사용하지만, 독일에서는 교육을 가리킬 때 Erzihung과 Bildung을 함께 사용하고 있다는 점이 가장 큰 차이이다.
How the UK Overcame the Ethical, Legal and Professional Challenges in Donation After Circulatory Death

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<p><em><span style="font-size: medium;">Long transplant lists and a shortage of organ donors has led to an international resurgence in the donation of organs after circulatory death (‘DCD’). Despite being almost entirely absent for nearly 25 years, DCD now accounts for 40 per cent of deceased organ donation in the UK. This rise is in part due to attempts to resolve the ethical, legal and professional challenges inherent to this type of donation. Since 2008 in the UK, seven major ethical, legal and professional guidances have been published relating to deceased donation and DCD in particular. It is now this author’s opinion that the professional framework that underpins the DCD programme in the UK is the strongest in the world. This paper outlines the seven UK publications that justify this bold claim.</span></em></p>
Altered Serum MicroRNA Profile May Serve as an Auxiliary Tool for Discriminating Aggressive Thyroid Carcinoma from Nonaggressive Thyroid Cancer and Benign Thyroid Nodules

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Thyroid cancers are the most common malignancy of the endocrine system; however, there is no reliable blood biomarkers for thyroid cancer diagnosis and even for aggressive and nonaggressive thyroid cancers as well as benign nodule discrimination. The present study is aimed at evaluating whether circulating microRNA (miRNA) can differentiate aggressive and nonaggressive thyroid cancer from benign thyroid nodules. In this study, we performed a multiphase, case-control study to screen serum miRNA expression profile in 100 patients with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), 15 patients with aggressive medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC), 91 patients with benign nodules, and 89 healthy controls using TaqMan low-density array followed by extensive reverse transcription quantitative real-time PCR validation. The results showed that the serum levels of miR-222-3p, miR-17-5p, and miR-451a were markedly increased, while miR-146a-5p, miR-132-3p, and miR-183-3p were significantly decreased in the PTC and benign nodule groups compared with the control group. There was no difference in the miRNA expression profile between the PTC group and the benign nodule group. Nevertheless, the serum levels of miR-222-3p and miR-17-5p were significantly increased in the MTC group than the benign nodule and control group. Moreover, receiver operating characteristic curve analyses demonstrated that the 2 miRNAs and their panel can accurately discriminate MTC from the benign nodule group and healthy controls. These findings indicated that the altered circulating miRNAs may discriminate PTC and benign thyroid nodules from controls, and serum miR-222-3p and miR-17-5p have the potential to serve as auxiliary tools for diagnosing more aggressive thyroid carcinomas, such as MTC.
Effects of pH, Temperature and Salinity on Extracellular Polymeric Substances of Pseudomonasaeruginosa Biofilm with N-(3-Oxooxtanoyl)-L-Homoserine Lactone Addition

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Effects of pH, temperature and salinity on extracel lular polymeric substances (EPS) of Pseudomonasaeruginosa (P. aeruginosa ) biofilm with N-(3-oxooxtanoyl)-L-homoserine lactone (C8-oxo-HSL, one of the common quorum sensing (QS) signal in environment) addition were s tudied. C8-oxo-HSL addition increased polysaccharide concentration of biofilm EPS to promote the P. aeruginosa biofilm formation, but had little effects on protei n of EPS. C8-oxo-HSL addition should be carried out at pH 5-7 f or P. aeruginosa biofilm formation. The alkali-resistance of P. aeruginosa biofilm formation was stronger than that of acid-re sistance. Both polysaccharide and protein of EPS of P. aeruginosa biofilm reached the highest concentration at 20 ° C. C8-oxo-HSL addition promoted the inducement of QS, which would reduce the demand of NaCl for both mass propagation and EPS release for P. aeruginosa biofilm.
Participatory Action Research

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Since the 1970s, participatory action research (PAR) has grown from relative obscurity on the radical fringes of geography to become a central research paradigm adopted by researchers of all disciplinary stripes who share a common interest in improving the relevance and impact of their work in the world. Particularly adept at uncovering the root causes of social and spatial inequalities, researchers using PAR have brought research into the communities in which they work, and have simultaneously opened up elitist and exclusionary research institutions and practices to broader audiences and practitioners. PAR has come to represent a wide spectrum of political philosophies, methodologies, and dissemination practices that place emancipation, equity, and social justice front and center in the practice and objectives of research. Using numerous inspirations from critical social theory, and embracing methodological plurality and creativity, practitioners take on many forms of political oppression and social marginalization as they are encountered in the world.
[Granulocytopoiesis in acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The number, proliferative potential and differentiation potentialities of bone marrow granulocytic-macrophagal precursors were investigated in 130 ALL patients (77 children in the acute period of disease, 53 children in remission) and in the bone marrow of 65 controls without hematologic pathology. A decrease in the number of clonogenic precursors was observed in all stages of acute lymphoblastic leukemia, the decrease being particularly marked in the acute period of disease characterized by substantial bone marrow infiltration by leukemic cells. A decrease in the number of precursors and their proliferative potential was shown to be associated with the influence of leukemic blasts. In remission the numerical reduction of the precursor pool was determined by a cytostatic therapeutic effect. The ability to differentiation of granulocytic and macrophagal clonogenic precursors in ALL children was unchanged.
Old Ephraim Booklet: The Legendary Grizzly of the Bear River Range

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The story of Old Ephraim has circulated since the early twentieth century, when the legendary grizzly preyed upon sheep grazing in the Bear River Range. Frustrated herders, hoping to limit losses to their flocks, pursued the elusive bear, but he remained largely unseen and unheard for many years. The only trace of Old Ephraim was his distinctive tracks, which exhibited only three toes on one foot—hence the nickname, “Old Three Toes.” In August 1922, after attempting for more than nine years, sheepherder Frank Clark finally trapped and killed Old Ephraim.\nNearly a century later, the story of Old Ephraim has been told and retold. While many aspects of the story remain the same, parts have become exaggerated to the point that some believe the legend is only a fantastical campfire story. But Old Ephraim was real, and his skull, on display in Utah State University's (USU) Special Collections & Archives, is a tangible connection to the legend. This overview traces the legend from its roots, examining the era when Old Ephraim roamed, the stories of his death, and the saga of his skull, separating fact from fiction as we remember the legendary grizzly of the Bear River Range.
Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity ofRosa damascenaMill Essential Oil

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Rosa damascena Mill. a plant from Rosaceae family is traditionally used for treatment of many disorders especially against infectious diseases. The antimicrobial activity of R. damascena oil was determined against a large number of microorganisms including Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria, yeast and filamentous by micro broth dilution assay. The oil was analyzed by GC and GC-MS. Chemical composition of oil revealed the presence of β-citronellol (48.2 %), geraniol (17.0 %), β-phenylethyl benzoate (5.4 %) and phenyl ethyl alcohol (5.1 %) as the main components. The MIC values of oil were in the ranges of 0.125–1 μl/ml. Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Salmonella typhimurium and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were less sensitive to R. damascena oil. The oil exhibited the antimicrobial activity against a large number of microorganisms especially against Proteus vulgaris and Klebsiella pneumonia. This oil could be used as a natural antimicrobial agent in treatment of infectious diseases; more clinical studies should be done for demonstration of its efficacy.
Technical description, phantom accuracy, and clinical feasibility for fiducial-free frameless real-time image-guided spinal radiosurgery

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Object The authors describe the technical application of the Xsight Spine Tracking System, data pertaining to accuracy obtained during phantom testing, and the initial clinical feasibility of using this fiducial-free alignment system with the CyberKnife in spinal radiosurgery. Methods The Xsight integrates with the CyberKnife radiosurgery system to eliminate the need for implantation of radiographic markers or fiducials prior to spinal radiosurgery. It locates and tracks spinal lesions relative to spinal osseous landmarks. The authors performed 10 end-to-end tests of accuracy using an anthropomorphic head and cervical spine phantom. Xsight was also used in the treatment of 50 spinal lesions in 42 patients. Dose planning was based on 1.5-mm-thick computed tomography slices in which an inverse treatment planning technique was used. All lesions could be treated using the fiducial-free tracking procedure. Phantom tests produced an overall mean targeting error of 0.52 ± 0.22 mm. The setup time for patient alignment averaged 6 minutes (range 2–45 minutes). The treatment doses varied from 12 to 25 Gy to the median prescription isodose of 65% (40 to 70%). The tumor volume ranged between 1.3 and 152.8 cm 3 The mean spinal cord volume receiving greater than 8 Gy was 0.69 ± 0.35 cm 3 No short-term adverse events were noted during the 1- to 7-month follow-up period. Axial and radicular pain was relieved in 14 of 15 patients treated for pain. Conclusions Fiducial-free tracking is a feasible, accurate, and reliable tool for radiosurgery of the entire spine. By eliminating the need for fiducial implantation, the Xsight system offers patients noninvasive radiosurgical intervention for intra- and paraspinal tumors.
KHDC1B Is a Novel CPEB Binding Partner Specifically Expressed in Mouse Oocytes and Early Embryos

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

mRNAs required for meiotic maturation and early embryonic development are stored in growing oocytes. These transcripts are translationally repressed until hormonal cues trigger ovulation. Errors in translation underlie some cases of human infertility and are associated with ovarian germ cell tumors. However, it remains unclear how maternal transcripts are kept quiescent in mammals. This study describes a potential translational regulator, KHDC1B. KHDC1B is a member of a small family of KH-domain containing proteins specific to eutherian mammals. Two family members, KHDC1A and 1B, are highly expressed in oocytes. KHDC1A and 1B bind polyU agarose and form oligomers like other KH-domain proteins. The functions of these proteins were tested by expression in Xenopus embryos. KHDC1A caused cell death, whereas KHDC1B caused cleavage arrest. This arrest phenotype was rescued by coexpression of the mouse translational regulator cytoplasmic polyadenylation binding protein 1 (mCPEB1). Coimmunoprecipitation and coimmunostaining experiments confirmed the functional interaction between KHDC1B and mCPEB1. Finally, KHDC1B levels and binding partners were shown to fluctuate with the cell cycle. KHDC1B, via its interaction with mCEPB1, may regulate translation of mRNA targets required for oocyte maturation.
Feynman-α Analysis for a Thermal Subcritical Reactor System Driven by an Unstable 14 MeV Neutron Source

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract In a series of Feynman-α correlation measurements for a thermal Accelerator-Driven System (ADS) with 14MeV neutrons at the Kyoto University Critical Assembly (KUCA), an unstable accelerator condition such as a drift of beam current has been frequently observed. Neutron source instability caused by such unavoidable beam-current instability resulted in a divergent variance-to-mean ratio and, consequently, the correlation analysis failed. Nevertheless, we attempted to apply a difference-filtering technique to the correlation analysis to reduce the influence of the above instability. The present attempt resulted in consistent prompt-neutron decay constants with those obtained in a previous pulsed neutron experiment. The application of the filtering is expected to enhance the robustness of Feynman-α analysis against various instabilities of accelerator operation in actual ADS. KEYWORDS: ADSKUCAFeynman-αneutron correlation14 MeV neutronacceleratorinstabilitydriftdifference filtersubcriticalitymonitoring
The Ins and Outs of Secretion from Pancreatic β-Cells: Control of Single-Vesicle Exo- and Endocytosis

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Exocytosis of insulin-containing secretory vesicles in pancreatic β-cells is crucial to maintenance of plasma glucose levels. They fuse with the plasma membrane in a regulated manner to release their contents and are subsequently recaptured either intact or through conventional clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Here, we discuss these mechanisms in β-cells at the single-vesicle level.
T cell memory response to MPXV infection exhibits greater effector function and migratory potential compared to MVA-BN vaccination

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Abstract In 2022, a global mpox outbreak occurred, and remains a concern today. The T cell memory response to MPXV (monkeypox virus) infection has not been fully investigated. In this study, we evaluate this response in convalescent and MVA-BN (Modified Vaccinia Ankara - Bavarian Nordic) vaccinated individuals using VACV-infected cells. Strong CD8+ and CD4+ T cell responses are observed, and T cell responses are biased towards viral early expressed proteins. We identify seven immunodominant HLA-A*02:01 restricted MPXV-specific epitopes and focus our detailed phenotypic and scRNAseq analysis on the immunodominant HLA-A*02:01-G5R18-26-specific CD8+ T cell response. While tetramer+CD8+ T cells share similar differentiation and activation phenotypes, T cells from convalescent individuals show greater cytotoxicity, migratory potential to site of infection and TCR clonal expansion. Our data suggest that effective functional profiles of MPXV-specific memory T cells induced by Mpox infection may have an implication on the long-term protective responses to future infection.
Calcineurin associates with centrosomes and regulates cilia length maintenance

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Calcineurin, or protein phosphatase 2B (PP2B), the Ca2+ and calmodulin-activated phosphatase and target of immunosuppressants, has many substrates and functions that remain uncharacterized. By combining rapid proximity-dependent labeling with cell cycle synchronization, we mapped the spatial distribution of calcineurin in different cell cycle stages. While calcineurin-proximal proteins did not vary significantly between interphase and mitosis, calcineurin consistently associated with multiple centrosomal and/or ciliary proteins. These include POC5, which binds centrins in a Ca2+-dependent manner and is a component of the luminal scaffold that stabilizes centrioles. We show that POC5 contains a calcineurin substrate motif (PxIxIT type) that mediates calcineurin binding in vivo and in vitro. Using indirect immunofluorescence and ultrastructure expansion microscopy, we demonstrate that calcineurin colocalizes with POC5 at the centriole, and further show that calcineurin inhibitors alter POC5 distribution within the centriole lumen. Our discovery that calcineurin directly associates with centriolar proteins highlights a role for Ca2+ and calcineurin signaling at these organelles. Calcineurin inhibition promotes elongation of primary cilia without affecting ciliogenesis. Thus, Ca2+ signaling within cilia includes previously unknown functions for calcineurin in maintenance of cilia length, a process that is frequently disrupted in ciliopathies.
Living Isospecific Styrene Polymerization by Chiral Benzyl Titanium Complexes That Contain a Tetradentate [OSSO]-Type Bis(phenolato) Ligand

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Dibenzyl complexes [Ti(OC6H2-R1-6-R2-4)2{S(CH2)2S}(CH2Ph)2] (2a−c; R1 = tBu, R2 = Me, a; R1, R2 = tBu, b; R1 = H, R2 = Me, c) with a tetradentate dianionic [OSSO]-type ligand were synthesized from the corresponding titanium dichloro complexes [Ti(OC6H2-R1-6-R2-4)2{S(CH2)2S}Cl2] and benzylmagnesium chloride in toluene. NMR spectroscopic monitoring of the reaction of the dibenzyl complex 2b with B(C6F5)3 in bromobenzene indicates the formation of a thermally sensitive benzyl cation [Ti(OC6H2-tBu2-4,6)2{S(CH2)2S}(CH2Ph)]+. 1H NMR spectra at −30 °C show two C1-symmetric diastereomers in a 55:45 ratio, suggesting slow epimerization on the NMR time scale at this temperature. The benzyl complex 2c, which does not bear bulky ortho-substituents, was found to be fluxional and unstable in solution. Related benzyl complexes of the 1,5-dithiapentanediyl-linked ligand [Ti(OC6H2-tBu-6-R-4)2{S(CH2)3S}(CH2Ph)2] (4a,b; R = Me, a; R = tBu, b) were synthesized in an analogous manner and were also shown to be highly fluxional and unstable in solution, decomposing immediately upon addition of B(C6F5)3. Using the 1,4-dithiabutanediyl-linked dibenzyl complexes and the activators [PhNMe2H][B(C6F5)4]/AlnOct3, the living isospecific polymerization of styrene could be achieved for the first time. The resulting isotactic polystyrenes show narrow molecular weight distributions (Mw/Mn < ∼1.2). A linear relation between the number-averaged molecular weights Mn and the monomer conversion was observed.
Frontispiz: Ruthenium‐Nanoparticle‐Loaded Hollow Carbon Spheres as Nanoreactors for Hydrogenation of Levulinic Acid: Explicitly Recognizing the Void‐Confinement Effect

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Heterogene Katalyse Im Forschungsartikel auf S. 20954 berichten Xuebin Lu et al. über die Hydrierung von Lävulinsäure in Gegenwart hohler Kohlenstoffnanokugeln beladen mit Ruthenium-Nanopartikeln.
Engaging online students through the gamification of learning materials

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The benefits of gamification in learning and instructional design to help engage and improve student learning online are investigated in this paper. The use of scenario-based learning and alternate reality gaming (ARG) are identified as key representations for improving user engagement, productivity and help shift away from classroom based learning activities towards fully self-paced and collaborative online activities. The paper outlines the reasoning behind, and the advantages of, using scenario-based and alternate reality gaming as an instructional tool in tertiary online education.