jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Conceptualising and Measuring the Mobility of Indigenous Students in the Northern Territory

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract The vexed and ongoing issue of poor educational outcomes for Indigenous students in the Northern Territory continues despite years of successive programs and policies. Much of the debate has been on funding and pedagogy, in particular the merits or otherwise of bi-lingual teaching. Largely omitted from discussions, although well known by teachers and schools in remote areas to be an issue, are high rates of in-term student mobility. Such “unexpected” moves are thought to affect the capacity for students to achieve benchmark outcomes, for teachers to deliver these and for schools to administer their students within the allocated systems and budgets. Up to now teachers and schools have relied on anecdotes to engage in dialogue around the impacts of mobility. This is because adequate conceptualisations for aggregating, depicting and reporting on the size and nature of in-term mobility were not available. This paper documents several years of work into producing these outcomes. Three measures are conceptualised and outlined in this paper which will be of interest to teachers, schools and educational administrators in all jurisdictions where services are delivered in a remote setting. The results clearly demonstrate the high churn of Indigenous students within terms, especially in remote areas of the Northern Territory. The findings from this study can be applied to inform funding and policy making and as a basis for further research to document the impacts for teachers and schools.
To what extent do prescriptive decision-making models comprehend policy-making in the Third World with reference to South African environmental policy-making?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Policy research and analysis is a complex and dynamic field of study and practice. This study explores the field i l l terms of assessing the utility of contemporary policy techniques ill the intematiollal context and the implications thereof for environmental policy-making in South Africa. More recently, the politics of envirollmental policymaking has emerged as a major issue 011 both the agendas of the developed and developing nations. As underscored by the seminal Rio Earth Summit of 1992 the e11viro11melil is probably the most pressing challenge facing tile globe in the new millennium. Addressing and prioritising these policy issues may require radical policy shifts. However, this study shows that policy conditionalities prevailing i l l the more industrialised nations have been developed in a different context and may therefore be irrelevant and of limited utility to less developed nations, forcing the latter to subvert the conventional policy cycle. Specifically, this study has explored the context of environmental policy-making in South Africa and extrapolated essential policy proci!dures and elements for its environmental policy-making along the policy-making continuum. In addition, an over-arching framework of sustainable development must support environmental policy development in South Africa. International experience regarding the emerging sustainability paradigm and its relevance for South African policy development is paramount if it is not to lag global environmental policy innovations and developments. Sustainability should emerge as a key organising principle for debate around policy content and structure with the imperative of responding to local policy conditionalities and priorities. As long as South Africa and many developing nations employ industrialised policy techniques, its policy processes and principles will lag effective and context specific policy research and development.
Photochemistry of transition metal hydride complexes. 1. Photoinduced elimination of molecular hydrogen from chlorodihydrotris(triphenylphosphine)iridium and trihydrotris(triphenylphosphine)iridium

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotochemistry of transition metal hydride complexes. 1. Photoinduced elimination of molecular hydrogen from chlorodihydrotris(triphenylphosphine)iridium and trihydrotris(triphenylphosphine)iridiumGregory L. Geoffroy and Ronald PierantozziCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1976, 98, 25, 8054–8059Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00441a030https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00441a030research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views355Altmetric-Citations58LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Lipoperoxide radical production during oxidation of cardiolipin in the complex with cytochrome c

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The key stage of apoptosis is lipid peroxidation which causes cytochrome c efflux from mitochondria. Cardiolipin-bound cytochrome c on the surface of the inner mitochondrial membrane is supposed to be a main lipoperoxidation catalyst. In this work, lipoperoxide radical (LOO·) production in the complex of cytochrome c (Cyt C) with bovine heart cardiolipin (BCL) was investigated with the method of chemiluminescence (CL) in the presence of a physical activator, coumarin dye C-525. It was shown that a CL flash with a half quenching time of 1.12 min was observed after the addition of Cyt C to a BCL+C-525 solution in the absence of hydrogen peroxide. At H2O2 concentrations of 0.1–0.5 mM, quenching time reduced at constant CL flash amplitude and at H2O2 concentrations of 1–5 mM, the amplitude of CL increased with the growth of peroxide concentration. It testifies to different mechanisms of BCL oxidation: the lipoxygenase mechanism in the absence of H2O2 and at low H2O2 concentrations, and the peroxidase mechanism at higher H2O2 concentrations. When small H2O2 amounts were added, another CL flash was observed in the course of a lipoxygenase reaction whose light sum increased with time in parallel with the extent of the following inhibition of CL. Iron chelators EDTA and o-phenanthroline made no significant effect on the CL associated with cytochrome c lipoxygenase action, while desferal, a well-known peroxidase and lipoxygenase inhibitor, inhibited CL by half in a concentration of 18 μM. A scheme of reactions resulting in LOO· radical production on BCL oxidation by the Cyt C-cardiolipin complex in the absence and in the presence of H2O2 was suggested.
Using Linked Administrative Health and Family Court Data to Evaluate Maternal Mental Health-Related Risk Factors for Repeated Child Removals

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

IntroductionEvidence suggests that many women whose children enter care via family court proceedings (care proceedings) in England experience mental health and substance misuse problems. Further, an estimated 22% of women will return to court within 5 years for subsequent proceedings, often returning quickly with a new infant and with little time to address underlying health-related problems. With growing pressures on England’s family justice system and the wider children’s social care sector, there is a need to identify opportunities to engage with women in a healthcare setting to reduce the likelihood of (recurrent) care proceedings. Objectives and ApproachWe used linked family court and mental health service data (n = 2843) for mothers who were referred to mental health services and were involved in care proceedings in South London between 2007 and 2019. We (1) describe differences in the frequency, type and timing of mental health and addictions service use between mothers who return to court and those who do not and (2) evaluate risk/protective factors for returning to court. ResultsAfter resolving duplicate matches (n = 2808), 1028 women (36.6%) referred to mental health services over the study period subsequently returned to court. We will describe differences in characteristics of service use and care proceedings between women who return to court and those that do not. We will also explore a range of potential risk/protective factors for returning to court, including maternal age at first child, indicators for failure to engage with services, mental disorder type, substance misuse, and maternal neighbourhood deprivation status. Conclusion / ImplicationsBetter understanding of how women use mental health and addictions services before, during and after proceedings, and identification of key risk/protective factors for returning to court, would inform strategies to reduce recurrent involvement in care proceedings among this population group.
The modern system of higher engineering edu-cation and its problems in China

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Dimensions of university engineering education in China have been enlarged continuously, teaching conditions have been improved a lot, and international consciousness has been strengthened since reform and open policy was implemented in China. Meanwhile, university engineering education in China has been confronted with many problems: a lack of decision-making power of universities and students' ability to think independently, more attention to the theory rather than practice in the evaluation system, the decrease of talent training caused by large scale of enrollment, etc. How to cultivate talent becomes top priority that educational circle and business circle should pay attention to.
Regulating creator contracts: the state of the art and a research agenda

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Contracts lie at the heart of the regulatory system governing the creation and dissemination of cultural products in two respects: (i) The exclusive rights provided by copyright law only turn into financial reward, and thus incentives to creators, through a contract with a third party to exploit protected material. (ii) From a user perspective, purchases of protected material may take the form of a licensing contract, governing behaviour after the initial transaction. The renewed interest in the relationship of copyright and contract law can be traced quite precisely to the mid-1990s. There was a major technological shift, with the rapid adoption of the WorldWideWeb as a consumer medium (Netscape?s Navigator browser was released in 1994). In parallel, the media and entertainment sector experienced a wave of consolidation, with multinational enterprises keen to hedge their bets in the rapid growth of Internet services (in 2000, AOL merged with Time Warner to create what was then the world?s largest media company). In the new ?private ordering of cyberspace?, contracts played a major part. Not only was there a sudden question mark over who owned the rights to new digital uses of existing works. Changing contractual practices began to cover these new forms of exploitation, and (if permitted by the governing law) unforeseen uses. Creators deride these new practices as ?rights grabbing?; publishers and producers characterise them as ?due diligence?. The digital environment also changed the contractual relationship between buyers and sellers. Traditionally, the producers and distributors of copyright materials were not much concerned about the consumers? after-sale behaviour. General principles relating to trading standards and the sale of goods applied. Once a physical carrier was bought in good order, the relationship to the right owner was severed ? at least in the private sphere. A consumer could read, play, modify, or even copy a work. The purchased book or record could also be sold on under the doctrines of ?first sale? (US), or ?exhaustion of rights? (EU). In the digital world, the relationship between buyer and seller may persist after the initial transaction, prescribing conditions of use that have no source in copyright law. This article deals with contracting at the beginning of the value chain, i.e. contracts between creators and intermediaries, the first step in bringing a work to the market. Since the article is based on a study for the UK Strategic Advisory Board for IP Policy (SABIP), the focus is on British and European law, with other jurisdictions consulted primarily to assess the range of possible regulatory options.
Effects of Tai Chi Chuan on the Physical and Mental Health of the Elderly: A Systematic Review

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background:Many studies revealed that the elderly people are more susceptible to respiratory infections including the Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pneumonia. The outbreak of the Novel Coronavirus has caused serious psychological and physical damage to the elderly. Tai Chi chuan is both rigid and flexible, with unique breathing and movement rhythms, and has a positive effect on the mental and physical health of the elderly. Related research is scattered in the literature. Research purposes:This article summarizes and analyzes the effects of Tai Chi chuan on the Psychological and Physiological Health of the elderly and its mechanism, and provides corresponding methods of Tai Chi chuan practice for reference when practicing. Provide a reference for the health promotion of the senior citizens under the normalized prevention and control of the epidemic. Methods:literature systematic evaluation, through Google Scholar, Web of Science, PubMed and other databases to search the literature on the effects of Tai Chi chuan on the health of the elderly, sort out the research progress at home and abroad, and determine the relevant literature for analysis according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria of this study. Results:Through the preliminary screening of literature titles and abstracts, 84 articles were obtained, 64 articles were excluded according to the elimination criteria, and 20 articles were obtained; 15 articles were excluded according to the final criteria, 1 article included based on reference searching, and finally 6 articles were included in the study. Conclusion:Tai Chi chuan has a potential effect on the prevention, treatment and rehabilitation of COVID-19. Its potential mechanisms include reducing anxiety, relieving depression and stress, enhancing pulmonary and cardiovascular function, enhancing immunity and improving quality of life.
Shared challenges in object perception for robots and infants

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract Robots and humans receive partial, fragmentary hints about the world's state through their respective sensors. These hints—tiny patches of light intensity, frequency components of sound, etc.—are far removed from the world of objects which we feel and perceive so effortlessly around us. The study of infant development and the construction of robots are both deeply concerned with how this apparent gap between the world and our experience of it is bridged. In this paper, we focus on some fundamental problems in perception which have attracted the attention of researchers in both robotics and infant development. Our goal was to identify points of contact already existing between the two fields, and also important questions identified in one field that could fruitfully be addressed in the other. We start with the problem of object segregation: how do infants and robots determine visually where one object ends and another begins? For object segregation, both the fields have examined the idea of using ‘key events’ where perception is in some way simplified and the infant or robot acquires knowledge that can be exploited at other times. We propose that the identification of the key events themselves constitutes a point of contact between the fields. Although the specific algorithms used in robots do not necessarily map directly to infant strategies, the overall ‘algorithmic skeleton’ formed by the set of algorithms needed to identify and exploit key events may in fact form the basis for mutual dialogue. We then look more broadly at the role of embodiment in humans and robots, and see the opportunities it affords for development. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
TUDEH FACTIONALISM AND THE 1953 COUP IN IRAN

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The 19 August 1953 toppling of Muhammad Musaddiq's government in Iran was an important historical event from various perspectives, many of which are being discussed by Middle East observers to this date. First, it was the first covert post-World War II operation by the U.S. government, in cooperation with Britain, to topple the constitutional government of a sovereign nation. Operation AJAX, as the coup d'état came to be called by the CIA, was implemented at the height of the Cold War, and as such was accompanied by many familiar justifications. The most important of these were the improbability of any resolution to the oil-nationalization crisis between Iran and Britain as long as Musaddiq remained in power and the communist threat posed by the Tudeh Party of Iran and its Soviet sponsor. 1 The long-term consequence of this intervention can partially explain the 1979 revolution in Iran and the ongoing crisis in Iran–U.S. relations.
Comparative Evaluation of the Efficacy of Probiotics and Triphala Herbal Oral Rinses against Candida Species in Denture Wearer Patients: A Randomised Clinical Study

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Introduction: With increasing age, patients experience a reduction in immunity and an increase in systemic illnesses. These factors significantly contribute to the occurrence of candidiasis in the oral cavity. New approaches to treating and preventing a wide range of oral disorders may become possible through host immunity modulation. Natural agents are preferred for complete denture wearers to prevent candidiasis, which is one of the leading causes of denture stomatitis. Aim: To assess the efficacy of herbal oral rinses (Triphala) and probiotics against Candida species in denture-wearing patients. Materials and Methods: This randomised double-blinded study clinical study was conducted in the Department of Prosthodontics at MM College of Dental Sciences and Research, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India, from August 2022 to January 2023. Ethical clearance was obtained and 60 patients were randomly divided into two groups (n=30): Group-A (Probiotics group) and Group-B (Triphala group). Sample collection was performed at baseline and after an 8-week experimental period. The collected samples were inoculated in Sabouraud Dextrose Agar with Chloramphenicol and incubated for 48 hours at 37°C±2°C in a Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) incubator. The number of Candida colonies was scored and counted using a Digital Colony Counter, reported as Colony-forming Units (CFU) at baseline and after eight weeks. Data analysis was conducted using the Wilcoxon matched-pair test for comparisons within groups and the Mann-Whitney U-test for pair-wise comparisons (p<0.05). Results: The mean age of patients in Group-A was 61±3 years, while in Group-B it was 60±2 years. The mean CFU for the probiotics group was 44.70±72.5 and for the Triphala group, it was 79.60±58.7 before treatment. After treatment, the mean CFU for the probiotics group was 24.70±271.4 and for the Triphala group, it was 50.67±196.4. Although no significant difference (p-value>0.05) was observed between the two groups, both rinses proved effective against Candida species in denturewearing patients. However, the mean reduction in CFUs was significantly higher for Triphala (p-value=0.021). Conclusion: Both probiotics and Triphala showed a significant reduction in CFU after eight weeks of use. However, Triphala was more effective in reducing Candida compared to probiotics. Therefore, it can be considered an efficient agent for denturewearing patients against Candida species.
[Normal values during ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in male adolescents].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The normal ABPM values in male adolescents, age 10 to 18, were established. These, are of great importance for the diagnosis of hypertension in the studied population. Contrary to other studies, no differences were found between casual BP and ABPM values, which implies than adolescents whose casual BP is higher that ABPM values (awake period) should be considered abnormal and be further evaluated.
Bradyrhizobium japonicum mutants defective in cyclic ß-glucan synthesis show enhanced sensitivity to plant defense responses

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Susceptibility of the nitrogen-fixing soybean symbiont Bradyrhizobium japonicum to inducible plant defense metabolites such as phytoalexin and H2O2, was investigated. On the wild-type strain USDA 110 the soybean phytoalexin, glyceollin, showed bacteriostatic activity. Viable bacteria isolated from intact nodules were adapted to glyceollin. H2O2 in physiological concentrations did not affect wild-type bacteria. B. japonicum mutants defective in the biosynthesis of cyclic beta-(1-->3)-(1-->6)-glucans showed higher susceptibility to both phytoalexin and H2O2.
EVALUATION OF ALTERNATIVE DISPERSION MODELS FOR USE IN ODOR MANAGEMENT

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

EVALUATION OF ALTERNATIVE DISPERSION MODELS FOR USE IN ODOR MANAGEMENTWastewater treatment plants, landfills, feedlots, compost facilities, rendering plants, and other sources of noxious odors and toxic air pollutants are under increasing pressure to control emissions from neighboring communities. As more and more open space is converted into residential developments and the buffer zones around facilities shrink, there is an increased likelihood that the facility...Author(s)Phyllis G. DioseyMaureen E. HessLorraine FarrellSourceProceedings of the Water Environment FederationSubjectSession 13 - Management of Odors and VOCs: Management of Odors and VOCs IDocument typeConference PaperPublisherWater Environment FederationPrint publication date Jan, 2002ISSN1938-6478SICI1938-6478(20020101)2002:16L.314;1-DOI10.2175/193864702784246964Volume / Issue2002 / 16Content sourceWEFTECFirst / last page(s)314 - 335Copyright2002Word count476
Erratum: H.‐W. Dong and L. W. Swanson. Projections from bed nuclei of the stria terminalis, posterior division: Implications for cerebral hemisphere regulation of defensive and reproductive behaviors, Journal of Comparative Neurology(2004) 471:396‐433.

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract The original article to which this Erratum refers was published in Journal of Comparative Neurology(2004)471:396–433
NANDINI B. PANDEY, THE POETICS OF POWER IN AUGUSTAN ROME: LATIN POETIC RESPONSES TO EARLY IMPERIAL ICONOGRAPHY. Cambridge/New York: Cambridge University Press, 2018. Pp. xiii + 302, illus. isbn 9781108422659. £75.00/US$105.00.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

NANDINI B. PANDEY, THE POETICS OF POWER IN AUGUSTAN ROME: LATIN POETIC RESPONSES TO EARLY IMPERIAL ICONOGRAPHY. Cambridge/New York: Cambridge University Press, 2018. Pp. xiii + 302, illus. isbn 9781108422659. £75.00/US$105.00. - Volume 110