jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Cognitive Semantics in the Romance Languages

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Cognitive semantics (CS) is an approach to the study of linguistic meaning. It is based on the assumption that the human linguistic capacity is part of our cognitive abilities, and that language in general and meaning in particular can therefore be better understood by taking into account the cognitive mechanisms that control the conceptual and perceptual processing of extra-linguistic reality. Issues central to CS are (a) the notion of prototype and its role in the description of language, (b) the nature of linguistic meaning, and (c) the functioning of different types of semantic relations. The question concerning the nature of meaning is an issue that is particularly controversial between CS on the one hand and structuralist and generative approaches on the other hand: is linguistic meaning conceptual, that is, part of our encyclopedic knowledge (as is claimed by CS), or is it autonomous, that is, based on abstract and language-specific features? According to CS, the most important types of semantic relations are metaphor, metonymy, and different kinds of taxonomic relations, which, in turn, can be further broken down into more basic associative relations such as similarity, contiguity, and contrast. These play a central role not only in polysemy and word formation, that is, in the lexicon, but also in the grammar.
Biomechanical Differences Between Able-Bodied Slow Walking and Spinal Cord Injured Individuals Walking in an Overground Robotic Exoskeleton

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

We welcome the global community of professionals involved in the care of persons in need of prosthetic, orthotic, mobility and assistive devices to the ISPO 18th World Congress! [View Programme Overview in Oxford Abstracts](https://virtual.oxfordabstracts.com/#/e/ispo2021/program) I [View the Abstract Book](https://journals.lww.com/poijournal/toc/2021/12001) | [HowToTreat ISPO Edition](https://360-ot.de/howtotreat/)
Physicochemical, volatile compounds, oxidative and sensory profiles of the Longissimus muscle of six South African sheep breeds

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Context The scarcity of water and feed for sheep is a characteristic feature in the dryland areas of South Africa, and adversely affects meat production and quality. To address this challenge, breeds with high water, feed and production efficiencies must be used to produce meat of desirable quality. Aim The study aimed to compare physicochemical, volatile compounds, oxidative and sensory profiles of the Longissimus muscle from selected South African sheep breeds raised under intensive feeding conditions. Methods Physicochemical, oxidative, volatile compounds and sensory profiles of the Longissimus muscle from lambs of indigenous (Damara, n = 10; Pedi, n = 8), indigenous composite (Dorper, n = 10; Meatmaster, n = 9) and exotic composite (Dohne Merino, n = 10; South African Merino, n = 10) breeds that were penned individually and fed a lamb-finishing diet ad libitum over a 42-day test period were evaluated. Results Dohne Merino had the highest intramuscular fat content, whereas Damara and Pedi had the lowest (P = 0.05). Meat lightness increased over time, with Pedi having the highest values on Day 7 of retail display at 4°C, followed by the Merinos (P = 0.05). On Day 7, meat from the Merinos had the highest lipid oxidation values, whereas Damara and Pedi had the lowest (P = 0.05). The lowest meat protein oxidation values on Day 7 were recorded for the Meatmaster, followed by Dohne Merino (P = 0.05). Relative to the other breeds, Dohne Merino had the greatest concentrations of alcohols, aldehydes and acidic volatile compounds, and the lowest concentrations of esters (P = 0.05). In addition, the Merinos had meat that was slightly more tender and juicy (P = 0.05) than that of Damara and Dorper. Conclusions Even though indigenous breeds produced meat with comparable oxidative shelf-life and sensory quality attributes to composite breeds under intensive feeding conditions, they had leaner meat than the later breeds. Implications The observed variations in meat physicochemical and oxidative shelf-life parameters allow producers to select breeds that are best suited to their production systems, resources and market requirements.
Social inequality and common mental disorders

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the association between the socioeconomic characteristics of individuals and common mental disorders. METHOD: A cross-sectional survey of a representative sample of the urban population, 14 years and older, in Campinas (Brazil) (n = 515) was conducted using a multipurpose instrument that included the Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20) to assess common mental disorders in the previous 3 months. Weighted prevalence of common mental disorders was calculated for each independent variable. Crude and adjusted prevalence ratios were estimated using Poisson regression. RESULTS: The overall prevalence was 17% (95% CI 12.8-22.3), 8.9% in males and 24.4% in females. An inverse association was found between common mental disorders and the socioeconomic characteristics (schooling and employment) even after controlling for all the other variables. Higher common mental disorders prevalence was observed in those with less than 5 years of schooling (PR = 5.5) and unemployed or underemployed (PR = 2.0). CONCLUSIONS: As in other studies, common mental disorders were unevenly distributed; it was significantly more frequent in socially disadvantaged individuals. Specific actions to reduce inequalities in the general and mental health system should be studied.
HIV/AIDS and higher education in Lesotho : a Cultural Historical Activity Theory (CHAT) analysis of three institutions’ responses

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this study is to interpretively analyse the fight against HIV/AIDS, referred to as ‘response’, in three of Lesotho’s institutions of higher education (IHEs). These are the Lesotho College of Education (LCE), the National Health Training College (NHTC) and the National University of Lesotho (NUL). This study uses cultural historical activity theory (CHAT) to qualitatively interpret the response in a country with the second highest HIV prevalence globally. The study applies Vygotsky’s first generation of CHAT, Leontiev’s multifaceted second generation, and Engeström’s third generation, which features a minimum of two interacting activity systems. Its multimodal methodology draws from Mukeredzi’s (2009, p.56) critique of CHAT and its problem of not getting “in” deep into dimensions of an activity. Thus, this study incorporates closely matching theories, models and concepts around CHAT; mainly the World Health Organisation’s (2004b) health standards, Zeithaml and Bitner’s (2000) services marketing mix and Checkland and Holwell’s (1998) information systems. The findings reveal that conceptual tools - human skills and policies, do not mediate material processes such as planning, financing and reporting, resulting in a poor response. Gaps in human agency across critical elements of activity in the three IHEs result in conceptual, functional and material contradictions, and poor use of mediating artefacts adversely affects all interventions, including HIV testing and services (HTS), anti-retroviral (ARV) treatment and viral load suppression (VLS) envisaged in the UNAIDS (2014a and 2015) guidelines. This study teased out ‘expanded contradictions’ and tensions in the IHEs response, which invoked expansion, transformations, opportunities and new implications. Despite the IHEs leadership awareness of need for change, an historical embeddedness in unchanging cultures and functional contradictions due to poor agency (by subjects), lack of policies (rules), finance, (tools), hamper the response. The study found opportunities for IHEs against HIV/AIDS. Thisstudy recommends two new agency models. One is ‘knit-working’, which aims to improve responses by identifying key, specific, and rapidly doable ‘nitty-gritty’ inter-college activities. The second model aims to strengthen IHEs leadership agency through 3-Cs of commitment at top management, improved resources and capacity at middle management, in order to enable operational level services to evidence the concern over AIDS. This study will alleviate a dearth of literature in the nexus of Lesotho’s IHEs, HIV/AIDS and services.
Chylous Ascites as the Main Clinical Symptom of a Strongyloides stercoralis Infection in an Immigrant from Bosnia-Herzegovina

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Extraintestinal strongyloidiasis is rare in patients without immunosuppression. We describe the first case of chylous ascites as a result of strongyloidiasis. Alcohol cessation, diuretic therapy and repeated paracentesis did not lead to improvement of refractory chylous ascites with positive nucleic acid amplification test indicative of Strongyloides stercoralis infection. Only after therapy with ivermectin, could diuretics be withdrawn. Although direct proof of S. stercoralis was not possible by microscopy, successfully treated strongyloidiasis was confirmed in this patient by the positive and negative nucleic acid amplification tests from ascites before and after treatment together with the clinical improvement only after antiparasitic therapy.
Synthesis of 4,7,8a,9‐tetrahydro‐3H‐diimidazo‐[1,5‐a:4′,5′‐d]pyridine derivatives

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract The synthesis and evaluation of new ligands for the H 3 receptor of histamine is described. These new compounds are diimidazopyridine derivatives readily prepared by a condensation reaction of spinacine and isocyanates.
Quantum Mechanics-Based Fast and Reliable Prediction of Binding Pose Structures

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Predicting the binding poses of docking with an accurate estimation of binding energies is highly important but very challenging in computational drug design. A quantum mechanics (QM) calculation-based docking approach considering multiple conformations and orientations of the ligand is introduced here to tackle the problem. This QM docking consists of three steps: generating an ensemble of binding poses with a conventional docking simulation, computing the binding energies with self-consistent charge density functional theory tightly binding with dispersion correction (DFTB-D) to selecting the 10 top binding modes, and optimizing the selected binding mode structures using the ONIOM(DFTB:PM7) technique to determine the binding poses. The ONIOM(DFTB-D:PM6) docking approach is tested on 121 ligand-receptor biocomplexes with the crystal structures obtained from the Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics Protein Data Bank (RCSB PDB). The result shows that the new method is highly satisfactory for the accurate prediction of the binding poses. The new docking method should be beneficial to structure-based drug design.
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Child Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Testing Direct and Reciprocal Effects on Maternal Depression

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Children exposed to trauma experience many negative outcomes including posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Fortunately, cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is an effective treatment for PTSD. Theoretically it may be that not only do children do better in treatment when their parents are involved, but that there is also a reciprocal relationship such that as children improve their parents feel better as well (and vice a versa). Using data from a randomized trial (Scheeringa & Weems, 2014), this thesis used Hierarchical Linear Modeling (HLM) to test if change in child PTSD symptoms mediates change in parent depression symptoms, and vice a versa, across treatment sessions. Results indicated that maternal depression mediates child PTSD symptoms, and that the reciprocal relationship is present. However, this was only true when child PTSD symptoms were measured by parent report. The addition of this reciprocal relationship finding to the literature and future directions are discussed.
House With a View: Validity and Evaluative Argument

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Constructed in a narrative‐style, this chapter provides a summary and analysis of the present issue. Chapters included in the present issue and a series of formal conversations between the issue editors and Ernest R. House serve as the building blocks for the ideas presented. These ideas include the importance of the clarity of language in evaluation, enduring issues related to validity in evaluation, and a vision for the future concerning the validity of evaluation arguments in practice and theory.
7. Women on the Margins of Sports Fandom

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Sports fans love to hate. This chapter examines the distinctions between fans' moral judgment, hate, and ressentiment, and their contemporary practices of rejection of individual players. It argues that contemporary fan "haterade" for individual athletes—a sentiment that is the reverse of hero worship—exposes the racialized character of sports fandom in the contemporary United States, revealing a deep anxiety about black masculinity. Fan antipathy for star players often results when players act in ways that prevent them from being instrumentalized as mascots. Looking at the cases of LeBron James, Richard Sherman, and Michael Vick, I argue that black men who do not conform to fan expectations of mascots are treated as dangerous, either as criminal threats to the community ("thugs") or as a contagion that threatens to consume the healthy body of good (white) society. The ease with which players move from mascot to danger in the eyes of fans illustrates just how tenuous the relationship between white fans and black male athletes is.
Story-Branding by Empire Entrepreneurs: Nike, Child Labour, and Pakistan’s Soccer Ball Industry

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Abstract Our study identifies and calls for an answerability-ethic of storytelling where entrepreneurs areheld responsible and accountable for the harmful ways in which they story the Third World. We study aCorporate Social Responsibility (CSR) initiative involving Nike in the Third World. Our study draws upon interviewsand textual study of the Sialkot Child Labour Elimination Project that was signed in Atlanta, Georgia inFebruary 1997. We find that Nike's CSR stories not only brand products but they also brand Third World labour. Our study's main contribution is to show that entrepreneurs' branding through storytelling their "benign" CSRinitiatives in the Third World, an activity we term "story-branding," has an imperial face requiring the use ofpower to turn workers voiceless (make them into subalterns).
No-Reference Image Quality Assessment Based on Human Visual System and Dual-Branch Multi-Level Residual Network

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The objective of No-Reference Image Quality Assessment (NR-IQA) is to simulate the human visual system in evaluating image quality. The integration of the advantages of deep neural networks with the characteristics of the human visual system has been proven to be highly effective and accurate in numerous studies. This paper proposes a no-reference image quality assessment method based on the human visual system and a dual-branch multi-level residual network. Initially, the image is processed into HSV images that better align with human perception and Contrast-sensitivity weighted gradient images. These are then fed into two multi-level residual networks. The first network extracts multi-level content features from the HSV image, while the second network extracts multi-level structural and textural features from the Contrast-sensitivity weighted gradient image. Subsequently, the two multi-level features are fused to enhance the feature representation, with a weight module assigning different weights to the two features. Finally, these features are mapped to a quality score. Experimental results demonstrate that, on the five public datasets of LIVE, CSIQ, TID2013, LIVEC, and KonIQ-10k, the proposed method outperforms other advanced methods in terms of PLCC and SROCC metrics.
Silicone-Associated Connective-Tissue Disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The current lack of definitive information concerning the relationship of silicone breast implants and rheumatic disease represents a massive failure of industry, government, and medicine. Although it is estimated that two million women have been implant recipients, it is disconcerting that the exact number is unknown. Unfortunately, these women are frightened by the considerable publicity generated by legislative hearings questioning the safety of silicone implants as a newly responsible government now struggles with developing regulations for devices that have been in use for approximately 30 years. Manufacturers and many plastic surgeons have taken the position that the long-term clinical use of silicone breast implants without obvious evidence of adverse reactions is, by itself, adequate support for the safety of these prostheses. When concerns regarding the safety of these devices surfaced, investigators were chagrined to find that no controlled long-term studies of women with breast implants were published. The best available
Finite 2-groups G with Omega2(G) = 16

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

It is a known fact that the subgroup Ω 2 (G) generated by all elements of order at most 4 in a finite 2-group G has a strong influence on the structure of the whole group.Here we determine finite 2-groups G with |G| > 16 and |Ω 2 (G)| = 16.The resulting groups are only in one case metacyclic and we get in addition eight infinite classes of non-metacyclic 2groups and one exceptional group of order 2 5 .All non-metacyclic 2-groups will be given in terms of generators and relations.In addition we determine completely finite 2-groups G which possess exactly one abelian subgroup of type (4, 2).
(Re)Conceptualizing Violence in Contemporary Spanish Literature, Drama, and Film

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This project explores the impact and role that violence plays in Contemporary Peninsular Literature and Culture. I approach violence in three ways: language, torture, and situational ethics in a trilogy by Javier Marías, Tu rostro mañana; a play by Antonio Buero Vallejo, La doble historia del doctor Valmy; and two films, El laberinto del fauno, by Guillermo del Toro; and Goya en Burdeos by Carlos Saura. This analysis focuses on how representations of violence provide critical commentary against social injustices, oppressive political figures, and state-sanctioned censorship and torture. In Section One, I analyze the violent act of torture through its use as a literary and visual aesthetic. In Section Two, I examine how language is used to control others, and how it subsequently represents the oft-unnoticed beginning of oppression that trends towards violent action. Lastly, in Section Three, I focus on situational ethics to examine the impact that violence has on unique individuals—aggressors, victims, and witnesses. The four works I analyze each explore violence and test the justification of its use. Throughout this project, I maintain an understanding that the study of violence is a continually evolving field studied from varying disciplines. As a theme, these works critique how we view violence in the past and present, leading us to reconceptualize it as we move toward the future.
Nuclear Physics B Proceedings Supplement Search for New Physics in rare decays at LHCb

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Rare heavy flavor decays provide stringent tests of the Standard Model of particle physics and allow to test for possible new Physics scenarios. The LHCb experiment at CERN is the ideal place for these searches as it has recorded the worlds largest sample of beauty mesons. The status of the rare decay analyses with 1 fb−1 of s = 7 TeV of pp– collisions collected by the LHCb experiment in 2011 is reviewed. The worlds most precise measurements of the angular structure of B0 → K∗0µ+µ − decays is discussed, as well as the isospin asymmetry measurement in B → K(∗)µ+µ − decays. The most stringent upper exclusion limit on the branching fraction of B0s → µ+µ − decays is shown, as well as searches for lepton number and lepton flavor violating processes.
Rare-earth doped transparent ceramics for spectral filtering and quantum information processing

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Homogeneous linewidths below 10 kHz are reported for the first time in high-quality Eu3+ doped Y 2O3 transparent ceramics. This result is obtained on the 7F0→5D0 transition in Eu3+ doped Y 2O3 ceramics and corresponds to an improvement of nearly one order of magnitude compared to previously reported values in transparent ceramics. Furthermore, we observed spectral hole lifetimes of ∼15 min that are long enough to enable efficient optical pumping of the nuclear hyperfine levels. Additionally, different Eu3+ concentrations (up to 1.0%) were studied, resulting in an increase of up to a factor of three in the peak absorption coefficient. These results suggest that transparent ceramics can be useful in applications where narrow and deep spectral holes can be burned into highly absorbing lines, such as quantum information processing and spectral filtering.
Simultaneous tubal and uterine pregnancy.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In 1965 routine virus studies in the Blackburn group of hospitals showed that not only polio virus, both wild and vaccine strains, were isolated but also the following entero- viruses: Coxsackie types A5, A9, B3, B4, and B5.E.C.H.O.types 3, 6, 7, 8, 15, and 22.Most of these cases occurred during July, August, and September.Infants infected with rubella in utero harbour the virus after they are born, and it can be isolated and even infect other susceptible individuals.We felt it worth while, therefore, to see if we could culture any enteroviruses from foetuses, stillbirths, and neonatal deaths where the first trimester of pregnancy coincided in whole or in part with the enterovirus outbreak.This was done in 23 cases and selection was random.In one case faeces only of a child who survived with an abnormality were examined.Investigation was not confined to infants who were con- genitally abnormal.Brain, lungs, faeces, and placenta were examined by conventional methods, being inoculated into monkey-kidney, human- amnion, and Hela-cell cultures.The foetal tissues and placentas were examined for histological changes.All results were negative except for one case.This was a full-term stillborn infant who had shown foetal distress.E.C.H.O.virus type 3 was isolated but the histology was negative.The mother's blood was examined in November 1966 and no E.C.H.O.antibodies were demonstrated.