jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
IMPACT OF GENDER DIVERSITY AND LEADERSHIP ON ORGANISATIONAL INTEGRITY IN PAKISTANI INDUSTRIAL SECTOR

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Purpose of the study: The main purpose of this study is to analyse the impact of gender diversity on organisational integrity in the context of Pakistani industrial sector. This study also investigates about the influences of female leaders on the association between diversity and organisational integrity and evaluates the effect of work place diversity on increase in organisational performance. Methodology: This study involves mediating and moderating variables along with independent and dependent variables, therefore researcher in this study has utilised Structural equation model (SEM) and Meta Regression Analysis (MRA) for achieving the main objectives of this research. The researcher has followed the positivism research philosophy as well as deductive research approach. In this study, researcher has followed quantitative research design to attain the key objectives of this study. Main Findings: From the results of study, it can be suggested that employers in Pakistan should diversify their workforce and also look to hire female candidates for the same position as male candidates since it would increase the work efficiency and integrity within an organisation as women tend to work more or equally passionately in their respective fields similar to men. Applications of this study: So, the study of impact of gender diversity on organisational integrity in the context of Pakistani industrial sector is not only useful for IT department but also useful for all organisational where gender diversity exists. Novelty/Originality of this study: Finally, it is important to clarify that one of the research gap that has been identified is the difference in wages between the male and the female employees. The difference in the pay scale between the two genders is considered to be a sophisticated gap that the research can deliberately overcome.
The Effect of Metformin on the Hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid Axis in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Subclinical Hyperthyroidism

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In hypothyroid patients, metformin was found to reduce serum levels of TSH. No previous study investigated metformin action on hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis in patients with hyperthyroidism. The aim of our study was to assess the effect of metformin treatment on thyroid function tests in patients with untreated subclinical hyperthyroidism. We studied 15 patients with low but detectable TSH levels (0.1-0.4 mIU/L) (group 1), 12 patients with suppressed TSH levels (less than 0.1 mIU/L) (group 2) and 15 euthyroid patients with a history of hyperthyroidism, who because of coexisting 2 diabetes were treated with metformin (2.55-3 g daily). Glucose homeostasis markers, as well as serum levels of TSH and total and free thyroxine and triiodothyronine levels were assessed at baseline and after 3 and 6 months of therapy. As expected, metformin reduced plasma glucose, insulin resistance and glycated hemoglobin. However, with the exception of an insignificant decrease in TSH levels after 3-month therapy in group 2, metformin therapy did not affect thyroid function tests. Our results indicate that metformin has a negligible effect on hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis activity in type 2 diabetic patients with subclinical hyperthyroidism.
TAXONOMY, LIFE CYCLE, AND AUXOSPORULATION OF NITZSCHIA FONTICOLA (BACILLARIOPHYTA)1

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Nitzschia fonticola (Grunow) Grunow is a member of Nitzschia sect. Lanceolatae , a group of taxonomically intractable but ecologically important and widespread diatoms. We investigated the morphology and life cycle in three clones of N. fonticola and all exhibited reduced sexuality, with pedogamous production of auxospores in unpaired gametangia. The auxospores of all clones contained tangles of striplike elements that lay outside the perizonium and were distinct from it in structure and ontogeny. We introduce a new term, incunabula , to refer to such components of the auxospore wall. Semicryptic variation was detected: one clone differed from the other two in valve size and shape, stria density, and fibula density, as well as its nuclear large subunit ribosomal DNA (LSU rDNA) sequence. The implications of reduced sexuality for the taxonomy of sect. Lanceolatae are discussed. A lectotype is designated for N. fonticola from among original material of Grunow, and the application of the name is clarified further by designating illustrations and the LSU sequence AM182191 from one of our clones as epitypes.
Multiple Myeloma Presenting as Chest Wall Lesion: A Case Report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Multiple myeloma is defined by >10% of clonal plasma cells in bone marrow or biopsy-proven extramedullary plasmacytoma and by the evidence of end-organ damage including bone lesions and renal insufficiency. It usually occurs in the age group of 50-70 years with higher incidence in males. Swelling on the chest wall is an uncommon presentation of multiple myeloma. In this case of 85-year-old male patient, two soft tissue density lesions on the posterolateral and anterior chest wall, multiple punched-out lesions in the skull, diffuse osteopenia and multiple lytic lesions were noted in ribs, sternum and thoracic spine, with evidence of myeloma cells in the bone marrow and bence jones protein in urine. Radiologic imaging plays an important role in providing a provisional diagnosis and thus, helping the clinician in such cases.
Piezoelectric properties of c-axis oriented Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 thin films

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Piezoelectric properties of the c-axis oriented Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 (PZT) thin films were investigated. The PZT films with a composition near the morphotropic phase boundary were epitaxially grown on (100)Pt-coated MgO substrates by rf-magnetron sputtering. The PZT films exhibited excellent ferroelectricity with a remanent polarization more than 50 μC/cm2. In order to examine intrinsic piezoelectric properties, cantilever structures were microfabricated with the PZT films. The piezoelectric coefficient d31 of PZT films, which were not subjected to poling treatments, was measured directly from the transverse expansion of the cantilever beams. The measurements revealed that the PZT films were naturally polarized and had a relatively large piezoelectric coefficient d31 of 100×10−12 m/V without poling.
Quantification in Multiplex Format as a Challenging Goal for Plant Pathogen Molecular Diagnostic Assays

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Accurate detection and identification of plant pathogens is fundamental to plant disease management. The lack of rapid, accurate and reliable means by which plant pathogens can be detected and identified has been one of the main limitations in plant disease management, and has prompted the development of alternative diagnostic technologies. Increasingly, molecular methods that are based on the detection of nucleic acids are implemented for routine plant pathogen diagnosis. Now that a number of molecular assays have been established, the latest challenge is to be able to quantify pathogen biomass, preferentially in multiplex format, with these assays. However, the development of technology for accurate quantification bears a number of pitfalls that will be highlighted in this review. The ability to perform pathogen quantification will result in a novel challenge; namely to be able to predict disease development based on pathogen densities in a specific environment. Issues that are of relevance to these topics are discussed in this review.
Bayesian model mixing with multireference energy density functional

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Reliably predicting nuclear properties across the entire chart of isotopes is important for applications ranging from nuclear astrophysics to superheavy science to nuclear technology. To this day, however, all the theoretical models that can scale at the level of the chart of isotopes remain semiphenomenological. Because they are fitted locally, their predictive power can vary significantly; different versions of the same theory provide different predictions. Bayesian model mixing takes advantage of such imperfect models to build a local mixture of a set of models to make improved predictions. Earlier attempts to use Bayesian model mixing for mass table calculations relied on models treated at single-reference energy density functional level, which fail to capture some of the correlations caused by configuration mixing or the restoration of broken symmetries. In this study we have applied Bayesian model mixing techniques within a multireference energy density functional (MR-EDF) framework. We considered predictions of two-particle separation energies from particle number projection or angular momentum projection with four different energy density functionals—a total of eight different MR-EDF models. We used a hierarchical Bayesian stacking framework with a Dirichlet prior distribution over weights together with an inverse log-ratio transform to enable positive correlations between different models. We found that Bayesian model mixing provides significantly improved predictions compared to the participating models.
Using Artificial Intelligence in Agroforestry as an Economic Solution for Carbon Recycling in Tanzania

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Anthropogenic activities intensify greenhouse gases (GHG) emission. The emissions lead to air pollution, public health risks, and climate change vagaries. Global deaths due to air pollution amounted to 15 deaths/minute in 2016. Moreover, floods, storms, and droughts accounted for 59%, 26%, and 15% respectively of crop losses between 2003 and 2013. Carbon recycling is among efforts to curb GHG which form 75% of GHG. The recycling methods include carbon capture and storage (CCS), carbon capture and utilization (CCU) and carbon capture, storage, and utilization (CCUS). However, these methods are too expensive for developing countries like Tanzania. Agroforestry is a cost-effective carbon recycler compared to other solutions. Besides, the Neem tree has a higher capacity of sequestering carbon at an average of 161% compared to other tree species in the tropics. Application of artificial intelligence can intensify Neem tree-based farming to hasten carbon sequestration.
Isolation and characterization of a pigmentless-conidium mutant of Aspergillus fumigatus with altered conidial surface and reduced virulence

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Aspergillus fumigatus is an important pathogen of immunocompromised hosts, causing pneumonia and invasive disseminated disease with high mortality. The factors contributing to the predominance of A. fumigatus as an opportunistic pathogen are largely unknown. Since the survival of conidia in the host is a prerequisite for establishing disease, we have been attempting to identify factors which are associated with conidia and, simultaneously, important for infection. Therefore, an A. fumigatus mutant strain (white [W]) lacking conidial pigmentation was isolated. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that conidia of the W mutant also differed in their surface morphology from those of the wild type (WT). Mutant (W) and WT conidia were compared with respect to their capacities to stimulate an oxidative response in human phagocytes, their intracellular survival in human monocytes, and virulence in a murine animal model. Luminol-dependent chemiluminescence was 10-fold higher when human neutrophils or monocytes were challenged with W conidia compared with WT conidia. Furthermore, mutant conidia were more susceptible to killing by oxidants in vitro and were more efficiently damaged by human monocytes in vitro than WT conidia. In a murine animal model, the W mutant strain showed reduced virulence compared with the WT. A reversion analysis of the W mutant demonstrated that all phenotypes associated with the W mutant, i.e., altered conidial surface, amount of reactive oxygen species release, susceptibility to hydrogen peroxide, and reduced virulence in an murine animal model, coreverted in revertants which had regained the ability to produce green spores. This finding strongly suggests that the A. fumigatus mutant described here carries a single mutation which caused all of the observed phenotypes. Our results suggest that the conidium pigment or a structural feature related to it contributes to fungal resistance against host defense mechanisms in A. fumigatus infections.
Pyocin pathway mysteries: Exploring the role of two novel proteins for pyocin production in Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen notable for antibiotic resistance and its production of bacterial antagonist molecules. Among these molecules are pyocins: intraspecies killing particles that resemble bacteriophage tails and are normally produced by P. aeruginosa in response to DNA damage. The expression of pyocins in wild-type cells is controlled by the transcriptional activator PrtN, which is normally repressed by PrtR. DNA damage, detected by RecA, triggers pyocin production through RecA-stimulated auto-cleavage of PrtR. Pyocin-producing cells then display elevated levels of pyocin gene expression, culminating in explosive cell lysis to release the phage-sized particles. We recently discovered that in cells lacking the tyrosine recombinase-encoding xerC gene, elevated pyocin production occurs. However, blocking PrtR cleavage by mutating it to an uncleavable PrtRₛ₁₆₂ₐ version completely inhibits pyocin production in ∆xerC cells but does not fully block pyocin gene expression. The traditional model suggests that expressing PrtN from an inducible promoter in a ∆xerC prtRₛ₁₆₂ₐ background would restore pyocin production. However, PrtN alone is insufficient to restore pyocin production, thus, the impediments to pyocin production in these cells remain mysterious. Transcriptomic data leads me to hypothesize that putative proteins 07970 and 07980, which directly precede the pyocin gene cluster and are highly downregulated in ∆xerC prtRₛ₁₆₂ₐ cells compared to ∆xerC cells, are important pyocin regulators. Here, I show that pyocin production is reliant on the production of both the known pyocin activator PrtN and the putative anti-terminator protein 07980, redefining what we know about the pyocin production pathway.
Incentivizing School Attendance in the Presence of Parent-Child Information Frictions

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Education conditional cash transfer programs may increase school attendance in part due to the information they transmit to parents about their child's attendance. This paper presents experimental evidence that the information content of an education conditional cash transfer program, when given to parents independently of any transfer, can have a substantial effect on school attendance. The effect is as large as 75 percent of the effect of a conditional cash transfer incentivizing parents, and not significantly different from it. In contrast, a conditional transfer program incentivizing children instead of parents is nearly twice as effective as an "information only" treatment providing the same information to parents about their child's attendance. Taken together, these results suggest that children have substantial agency in their schooling decisions. The paper replicates the findings from most evaluations of conditional cash transfers that gains in attendance achieved by incentivizing parents financially do not translate into gains in test scores. But it finds that both the information only treatment and the alternative intervention incentivizing children substantially improve math test scores.
Regulation of Airway Epithelial Cell NF-κB-Dependent Gene Expression by Protein Kinase Cδ

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Airway epithelial cells synthesize proinflammatory molecules such as IL-8, GM-CSF, RANTES, and ICAM-1, the expression of which is increased in the airways of patients with asthma. We investigated the regulation of these NF-κB-dependent genes by the novel protein kinase C (PKC) isoform PKCδ in 16HBE14o- human airway epithelial cells, focusing on IL-8 expression. Transient transfection with the constitutively active catalytic subunit of PKCδ (PKCδ-CAT), and treatment with bryostatin 1, an activator of PKCδ, each increased transcription from the IL-8 promoter, whereas overexpression of PKCε had minor effects. Expression of a dominant negative PKCδ mutant (PKCδ-KR) or pretreatment of cells with rottlerin, a chemical PKCδ inhibitor, attenuated TNF-α- and phorbol ester-induced transcription from the IL-8 promoter. Bryostatin 1 treatment increased IL-8 protein abundance in primary airway epithelial cells. Selective activation of PKCδ by bryostatin also activated NF-κB, as evidenced by p65 RelA and p50 NF-κB1 binding to DNA, NF-κB trans-activation, and IκB degradation. The sufficiency of PKCδ to induce NF-κB nuclear translocation and binding to DNA was confirmed in a 16HBE14o- cell line inducibly expressing PKCδ-CAT under the tet-off system. Deletion of the NF-κB response element severely attenuated PKCδ-induced IL-8 promoter activity. Finally, PKCδ-CAT induced transcription from the GM-CSF, RANTES, and ICAM-1 promoters. Together these data suggest that PKCδ plays a key role in the regulation of airway epithelial cell NF-κB-dependent gene expression.
Comparing Different Methods of Volatile Compounds Determination in

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract. Volatile compounds are produced in wines during fermentation, distillation and ageing in oak barrels. Even if the wine volatile profile is extremely complex, containing more than 800 compounds, only 50 have an impact on wine quality (Colibaba 2009). Belonging to different groups of substances (terpens, aldehydes, esters, acids, alcohols etc.), the volatile compounds concentration ranges from a few ng to mg per liter, with different olfactory thresholds (Gerogiannaki-Christopoulou 2008). They are classified in volatiles of the primary aroma (terpens, pyrazines, C6 compounds, and aroma precursors), secondary aroma (ethanol, carbon dioxide, superior alcohols, fatty acids, esters, carbonylic compounds) and of the tertiary aroma of wines (esters, superior alcohols, terpens, nor-isoprenoids, rancid aroma etc.). Wine from different grape varieties (flavoured and some non-flavoured) contain specific aroma compounds, in different ratios (Lambropoulos 2007). The main purpose of this study is to compare different extraction methods for volatile compounds in wine and their subsequent quantification by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS). For the analysis of minor compounds (alcohols, acids, esters and some terpens) a series of parameters such as type of extraction (liquid-liquid and solid phase
The Bute Mausoleum at St Margaret's Church, Roath

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In 1800, the first Marquess of Bute had a shelved family mausoleum built in South Wales. It was attached to the parish church of St Margaret, Roath (South Glamorgan), where, between 1800 and 1832, the remains of nine members of the Bute family were deposited. The mausoleum of 1800 was eventually replaced by the present mausoleum (1881–86) leading directly on to the rebuilt church (1867–70). This paper reconstructs the story of the Bute burials at Roath, provides evidence for the structure of the original mausoleum, and describes its successor.
A Study into the Feasibility and Effects of Reading Extended Authentic Discourse in the Beginning German Language Classroom

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Despite efforts to integrate all levels of foreign language instruction, reading remains on the periphery of beginning language study. Reading extended texts is outcast to an even greater degree. This article addresses this issue by presenting the design, results, and implications from a study involving beginning college‐level language students who read a 142‐page romance novel in their first semester of German. During the semester, the treatment group ( N = 27) followed the same standard first‐semester syllabus as the comparison group ( N = 32), but replaced all standard reading assignments in the textbook with daily in‐class readings of the romance novel. The effects of the treatment were assessed on the basis of the two groups’ results on (a) three departmental exams and (b) a pretest and posttest consisting of written recall protocols of 4 texts and vocabulary‐related questions. A statistical analysis of these two measures yielded 2 central findings. First, students were able to read a full‐length authentic text in the first semester. Second, the treatment group performed as well as the comparison group on the three department tests and the posttest, which runs counter to arguments that time spent reading in class adversely affects beginning language learners’ second language development. Curricular and pedagogical implications of these findings are discussed.
[An evaluation of the circulatory indices and of the blood oxygen-transport function in relation to the level of endogenous intoxication in patients with abdominal sepsis].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Septic shock in the presence of abdominal sepsis is one of the main cases of death of surgical patients. Hemodynamics was studied by impedancometry in 46 patients with abdominal sepsis. Hemodynamic changes and oxygen transporting function of the blood correlated with the severity of endogenous intoxication. Erythrocyte adsorption capacity was regarded as endogenous intoxication marker.
Robust foreground detection and shadow removing using local intensity ratio

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Segmenting foreground objects from video sequences in real time is a fundamental step for video surveillance. In this paper, a local intensity ratio (LIR) model is proposed, which is robust to illumination change. And the distribution of the LIR is also discussed. Normalized local intensity ratio instead of pixel intensity is used in Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) to segment the foreground without shadow. Afterwards, we use the ratio between foreground and image size, and contour orientation to fill foreground with holes. Experimental results show that the proposed method can get foreground objects in real-time, and eliminate more shadow compared to existing shadow detection methods.