jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Real-time and off-line comparisons of standard array configurations containing three and four microphones

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper addresses the benefits and drawbacks of different configurations of three and four microphone adaptive arrays. In particular, broadside and endfire configurations of equally spaced and logarithmically spaced arrays are compared. The assessment uses arrays of simple electret microphones in actual acoustic environments. Fixed and robust adaptive approaches are compared given a single interference. Adaptive endfire configurations appear to provide 2–5 dB better average performance using the same resources (microphones, aperture, and processing complexity) than adaptive broadside implementations. This is true in all cases except for interfering signals close to (&lt;30°) the desired signal look direction (with broadside providing 1–4 dB relative improvement).
Pseudoperonospora cannabina . [Distribution map].

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Pseudoperonospora cannabina (Otth.) Curzi. Hosts: Hemp (Cannabis sativa). Information is given on the geographical distribution in ASIA, India (New Delhi), Japan, Bangladesh, USSR (Kirghizia), (Siberia), EUROPE, France, Italy, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Switzerland, USSR (Latvia), (Lithuania), (Ukraine).
Pressures on tracheal tube cuffs. Some corrections

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

if this had not been so, the use of the calibration relationship appropriate to each model would have allowed for any differences which there may have been).Under 'minimal leak' conditions, wall pressure equalled airway pressure in both model-.This suggested that the differences between models in the way in which the cuffs applied pressure to the windows were also trivial.We were surprised that, in the 20 mm model, the cuff pressures appeared not to be completely transmitted to the wall, even for the largest and most compliant cuffs.This observation underlies the observation (fig. 6in our article) that the deviation of 'difference
Using protein-binding microarrays to study transcription factor specificity: homologs, isoforms and complexes

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Protein-DNA binding is central to specificity in gene regulation, and methods for characterizing transcription factor (TF)-DNA binding remain crucial to studies of regulatory specificity. High-throughput (HT) technologies have revolutionized our ability to characterize protein-DNA binding by significantly increasing the number of binding measurements that can be performed. Protein-binding microarrays (PBMs) are a robust and powerful HT platform for studying DNA-binding specificity of TFs. Analysis of PBM-determined DNA-binding profiles has provided new insight into the scope and mechanisms of TF binding diversity. In this review, we focus specifically on the PBM technique and discuss its application to the study of TF specificity, in particular, the binding diversity of TF homologs and multi-protein complexes.
The embedded machine

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The Embedded Machine is a virtual machine that mediates in real time the interaction between software processes and physical processes. It separates the compilation of embedded programs into two phases. The first phase, the platform-independent compiler phase, generates E code (code executed by the Embedded Machine), which supervises the timing, not the scheduling of, application tasks relative to external events such as clock ticks and sensor interrupts. E code is portable and, given an input behavior, exhibits predictable (i.e., deterministic) timing and output behavior. The second phase, the platform-dependent compiler phase, checks the time safety of the E code, that is, whether platform performance (determined by the hardware) and platform utilization (determined by the scheduler of the operating system) enable its timely execution. We have used the Embedded Machine to compile and execute high-performance control applications written in Giotto, such as the flight control system of an autonomous model helicopter.
Secrecy and the Individual in Sociological Research

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Science has achieved an important and powerful position in contemporary society. This achievement is witnessed by the fact that social limitations on the scientific enterprise are seen as unduly restrictive and even as the insidious work of opponents of the untrammeled pursuit of knowledge. The work of psychologists who study human values individually confirms the low appreciation of science and knowledge for its own sake. One may disagree with the picture of the low value placed on the acquisition of knowledge in general human life. The general sociological framework can give a secure base for the understanding of similar cases of social control and restriction of science. Societies differ as to the kind of information which is either banned for different reasons, permitted, or required knowledge. In our society the balance is toward openness and toward knowledge and people is more hospitable to the expansion of knowledge than most cultures.
Mitigation of output power fluctuations in Solar PV systems- A study

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

The world is moving towards generation of electricity from clean energy resources to reduce emission of greenhouse gases. Sufficient research work has done to meliorate the power output quality of distributed sources. This paper assesses the methods to mitigate output power oscillations caused by grid-integrated PV system outages, as well as battery banks and inverter control approach. The analysis is part of a larger study that also comprises a hybrid super - capacitors and BESS for ramp rate control, moving average control, and VSM control.
Industrial applications of FTIR microspectroscopic imaging using a mercury-cadmium-telluride focal plane array detector

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A 64 X 64 Mercury-Cadmium-Telluride (MCT) focal-plane array detector attached to a Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) microscope has been used to spectroscopically image a cross section of a laminated polymer film in the fingerprint region of the infrared spectrum (1800 - 900 cm-1). Image contrast is achieved due to the intrinsic chemical nature of the sample at each pixel location in the image. This technique is clearly able to identify the individual layers in this polymer film laminate. Infrared spectra of individual pixels in a 7.5- micrometer-thick adhesive tie layer of this polymer laminate show no interference from adjacent layers.
Middle School Discipline Practices

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This chapter discusses the challenges middle schools face when dealing with extreme behavior issues and provides real-world examples of one administrator's experience in the face of these situations. Looking at the newest trends in discipline strategies, including those of social-emotional learning and restorative practices, the authors provide an overview of their school-wide implementation. The authors also provide recommendations for educators who are facing similar situations and how to develop practices that support lasting cultural changes within schools and districts.
Patient reported abdominal pain as a surrogate of the clinical benefit of tipifarnib in pancreatic cancer patients.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

275 Background: Tumor CXCL12 expression identifies patients who may benefit from tipifarnib therapy. In pancreatic cancer, CXCL12 is known to decrease abdominal pain by inducing the migration of pain suppressing Schwann cells to tumor lesions. Given the association between CXCL12 and pain suppression, we investigated whether the absence of patient reported abdominal pain could be a surrogate of clinical benefit from tipifarnib in pancreatic cancer patients. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of a randomized placebo-controlled trial comparing gemcitabine plus tipifarnib (GT) versus gemcitabine plus placebo (GP) in pancreatic adenocarcinoma patients. Tipifarnib was given at 200 mg bid orally continuously; gemcitabine at standard dosing. Primary study end point was overall survival. Results: 688 patients were enrolled of whom 155 (22.5%) reported no abdominal pain at study entry, 81 received GT and 74 GP. Baseline characteristics were balanced in the subset of patients with no reported abdominal pain (GT,GP): median age (63,59), female gender (35%,43%), ECOG 0-1 (89%,90%), metastatic disease (64%,70%), 6-month weight loss >10% (48%,39%), 6-month jaundice history (51%,45%), and prior Whipple surgery (16%,13%). Subjects receiving GT who did not report abdominal pain at study entry had higher frequency of locally advanced disease (36% vs 24%) and 6-month jaundice (51% vs 38%), and lower frequency of lung (6% vs 14%) and peritoneum (4% vs 13%) metastases than those reporting pain. No differences in survival were observed in the overall study. Median overall survival for GT was 193 vs 182 days for GP. Notably, absence of abdominal pain at study entry was associated with higher median survival in the GT arm (no pain, pain): 305 vs 176 days, HR=0.52, p<0.0001, whereas no significant effect was observed in the control arm: 184 vs 182 days. A trend for better survival with GT was observed in subset of patients with no abdominal pain at study entry (GT,GP): 305 vs 184 days, p=0.058. Conclusions: Absence of abdominal pain may serve as a surrogate of clinical benefit from tipifarnib in pancreatic cancer. (Van Cutsem et al. JCO 2004;22:1430-8; NCT00005648; Trial Sponsor: J&J PRD). Clinical trial information: NCT00005648.
The mitochondrial housekeeping gene 16S is inappropriate as an internal standard in comparative studies of rare mitochondrial transcripts using S1-nuclease protection assays

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The analysis of rare mitochondrial transcripts derived from the L-strand of the mitochondrial genome requires a sensitive method such as the S1-nuclease protection assay. We examined whether the ribosomal mitochon­drial transcript 16S is suitable as an internal standard in a multiplex S1-nuclease protection assay for the measurement of different mitochondrial transcripts. For reliable quantification of rare mitochondrial transcripts with the RNase protection assay, a minimum of 2 μg of total RNA is necessary. Standard curves of 16S RNA produced with total RNA from human kidney, liver, brain, and a human neuroblastoma cell line (SH-SY5Y) revealed dose-response relationships that were saturated already at less than 0.5 μg of total RNA. Therefore, 16S is inappropriate as an internal standard for analyzing mitochondrial transcripts with RNase protection assays when more than 0.5 μg of total RNA have to be analyzed.
CotM of Bacillus subtilis, a member of the alpha-crystallin family of stress proteins, is induced during development and participates in spore outer coat formation

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

We cloned and characterized a gene, cotM, that resides in the 173 degrees region of the Bacillus subtilis chromosome and is involved in spore outer coat assembly. We found that expression of the cotM gene is induced during development under sigma K control and is negatively regulated by the GerE transcription factor. Disruption of the cotM gene resulted in spores with an abnormal pattern of coat proteins. Electron microscopy revealed that the outer coat in cotM mutant spores had lost its multilayered type of organization, presenting a diffuse appearance. In particular, significant amounts of material were absent from the outer coat layers, which in some areas had a lamellar structure more typical of the inner coat. Occasionally, a pattern of closely spaced ridges protruding from its surface was observed. No deficiency associated with the inner coat or any other spore structure was found. CotM is related to the alpha-crystallin family of low-molecular-weight heat shock proteins, members of which can be substrates for transglutaminase-mediated protein cross-linking. CotM was not detected among the extractable spore coat proteins. These observations are consistent with a model according to which CotM is part of a cross-linked insoluble skeleton that surrounds the spore, serves as a matrix for the assembly of additional outer coat material, and confers structural stability to the final structure.
Evaluation of the human interferon system in viral disease.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The interferon (IFN) system in man regulates viral replication, cell multiplication and immune functions. Its action against viruses takes place in two stages. The first is the production of IFN by cells following stimulation by a variety of IFN inducers including viruses, and the second is the action of this IFN on other cells inducing in them an antiviral state which prevents replication of infecting viruses. A series of assays is described which evaluates these different parameters of the antiviral IFN system. An attempt was made to correlate between IFN production and cell response to IFN on the one hand, and clinical status on the other. Results show that healthy persons have little or no IFN in the blood (mean less than 4 units/ml), and that in 94% their PBMC are not in an antiviral state. On the other hand, patients with acute viral diseases have significantly increased levels of IFN in their blood (mean 150 +/- 284 units/ml), and in 70% their cells are in an antiviral state. In some seriously ill patients with viral disease, the IFN system was found to be functionally deficient and treatment with human leucocyte IFN rapidly changed this. It is concluded that the examination of several biological parameters of the IFN system including the intracellular antiviral state induced by IFN is necessary in order to better evaluate this antiviral system. This will enable the clinician to obtain optimal pharmacokinetic information for determining which cases are most likely to respond to IFN therapy, and help to monitor the efficacy of this treatment.
Are dams hotspots for Didymosphenia geminata blooms?

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Summary 1. The diatom Didymosphenia geminata has emerged in recent years as a globally invasive species. Although considered native to North America, reports of nuisance blooms have increased over the last decade. 2. Previously, we determined that D. geminata was ubiquitous in two major headwaters of the South Saskatchewan River Basin (SSRB), Alberta, Canada, but found it only bloomed at certain sites, including those immediately downstream from dam outfalls. To evaluate the role of dams in the abundance and blooming of D. geminata , we compared sites just below dams to unregulated upstream reference sites in six dammed rivers of the SSRB. 3. There was a high degree of seasonal variability in D. geminata abundance among sites, but statistical analyses showed a significant propensity for the diatom to have higher cell densities and an increased frequency of blooms at dam sites. 4. Important predictor variables of D. geminata abundance included dam presence, water clarity and total phosphorus concentration. When data from dam sites were analysed, a multiple regression model using mean discharge and pH as independent predictors explained 73% of the variation in D. geminata cell density. 5. Analysis of 3 years of data from one study river (Red Deer River) revealed consistently higher D. geminata cell densities at the dam site compared to the upstream reference. This analysis also showed that average cell density fluctuated by orders of magnitude from year‐to‐year. 6. Due to the ecological and aesthetic concerns regarding the global spread and blooming of D. geminata , we recommend that dams be viewed as key candidates for mitigating blooms in flow regulated systems.
The West in Early Cinema : After the Beginning

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Verhoeff investigates the emergence of the western genre, made in the first two decades of cinema (1895-1915). By analyzing many unknown and forgotten films from international archives she traces the relationships between films about the American West, their surrounding films, and other popular media such as photography, painting, (pulp) literature, Wild West Shows and popular ethnography. Through this exploration of archival material she raises new questions of historiography and provides a model for historical analysis. These first traces of the Western film reveal a preoccupation with presence and actuality that informs us about the way in which film, as new medium, took shape within the context of its contemporary visual culture.
Serum ApoA4 levels predicted the progression of renal impairment in T2DM

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Among multiple causes, diabetic nephropathy ( DN ) is the major underlying renal disease that leads to end‐stage renal disease ( ESRD ), and early diagnosis can effectively prevent or delay the progression to ESRD . Therefore, the current study aimed to develop noninvasive, accurate detection markers. Materials & Methods For this study, 62 diabetes mellitus ( DM ) patients, 59 DN patients and 21 healthy controls ( HC s) were recruited. All participants’ serum samples were subjected to concavanalin (Con) A affinity chromatography, which utilizes glycoproteins to discover potential markers. Results From nano LC ‐ MS and Western blot analysis, apolipoprotein A‐ IV (ApoA4) was selected which featured a gradual, almost twofold increase in the order of HC , DM and DN . In the Con A‐based ELISA , the DM group was 1.91‐fold higher than the HC group, while the DN group was 2.56‐fold higher than the HC s and 1.33‐fold higher than the DM group. In addition, significant positive correlations were observed between ApoA4 and blood urea nitrogen levels and between ApoA4 and creatine levels, while significant negative correlations were seen between serum protein levels and between serum albumin levels in comparisons of DM and DN samples. Conclusions Serum Con A‐bound ApoA4 levels were higher in the DM group than in HC s, and further increased in the DN group. Levels of ApoA4 were positively correlated with blood urea nitrogen and creatine, but negatively correlated with serum protein and albumin. This evidence supports serum Con A‐bound ApoA4 as a circulating marker for predicting the progression of renal impairment in DM patients.
Identification of mucosal-associated invariant T cells in pancreatic tissue and blood of patients with chronic pancreatitis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction Mucosal-Associated Invariant T cells (MAIT) are recently described human T lymphocytes with possible functions in mucosal antibacterial host defence.1 MAIT express a highly conserved T cell receptor (TCR) alpha chain consisting of an invariant Vα7.2-Jα33 rearrangement.2 Recent evidence suggests a role for T lymphocytes in the pathogenesis of chronic pancreatitis (CP), but little is known about the composition of T cell subsets in this disease.3 4 Intestinal bacterial overgrowth is common in chronic pancreatitis patients.5 We hypothesised that this antigenic load may promote MAIT infiltration of the pancreas and used flow cytometry to study T lymphocytes in resected pancreatic tissue and blood of patients with chronic pancreatitis. Methods Fresh resected pancreatic tissue from five patients with CP (5 males, aged 35–62, median age 43) was diced finely, enzymatically digested and passed through a nylon mesh. Lymphocytes were then isolated using density gradient centrifugation. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from the blood of the CP patients and four control patients (2 male, 2 female, aged 31–75, median age 41) using widely established techniques. Isolated tissue lymphocytes and PBMCs were analysed with fluorochrome conjugated antibodies (anti- CD3; CD4; CD8; CD161; TCR Vα7.22 and a live/dead stain) according to standard techniques using a FACSAria. Results The ratio of CD4:CD8 T cells found in pancreatic tissue compared to blood in patients with CP trended towards a higher ratio in blood, however the trend was not statistically significant. Double negative (DN) and CD8 MAIT cells (TCR Vα7.2+ CD161) were identified in pancreatic tissue and blood in all patients. The proportion of DN MAIT cells was significantly higher in pancreatic tissue compared to blood in patients with CP: 19.4% (5.7–39.6%) versus 5.2% (1.9–11.1%); p<0.05. The proportion and ratio of CD4 and CD8 T cells was similar in peripheral blood of patients with CP compared to controls. Conclusion These preliminary data show that while the distribution of CD4 and CD8 lymphocytes in CP tissue and blood is similar, DN MAIT cells are over-represented in tissue. This suggests a specific role for DN MAIT cells in local immune responses in CP. Further analysis using a larger patient cohort and functional studies to assess the possible role of these cells in the regulation of pancreatic inflammation are required.
The Effect of Whatsapp Video-Based Education About Childbirth on the Knowledge and Attitudes of Third Trimester Pregnant Women

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: One of efforts to reduce maternal and child mortality is childbirth assistance by health workers. In reality in the field the community do not fully trust health workers as childbirth helpers, they prefer traditional birth attendance as childbirth helpers. There is still childbirth assistance by non-health workers (traditional birth attendance), therefore the provision of communication, information and education (CIE) must still be provided in various ways including through social media, one of them is Whatsapp. Health counseling through video media has advantages in terms of providing good visualization to facilitate the process of knowledge absorption Methods : This study is a Quasy Experimental, it use one-group pretest posttest design. Research took place in the working area of Kalumpang Community Health Center, Ternate city. The study sample included 31 pregnant women who met the inclusion criteria. Data analysis using SPSS statistics version 25 with a paired sample t test Results: The results of that study there is an increase in knowledge from pretest to posttest after being given educational intervention through whatsapp video about childbirth, with a p-value = 0.000. There was an increase in attitude after being given educational intervention through whatsapp video about childbirth (p-value = 0.000). Conclusion : The provision of whatsapp video-based education becomes an alternative and successful in providing health information (preparation for childbirth).
Young children’s experience of referentiality and nonreferentiality in dialogue

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract This chapter focuses on young children’s experience of referential and nonreferential uses of noun phrases (NPs) in everyday dialogues. Our study of a corpus of interactions between adults and children aged 1;10 to 2;6 showed that the indeterminacy and instability that might characterise children’s uses can also be found in adults’ discourse. Not only are (non)referential values co-constructed, but children are also not exposed to clear-cut contrasts between the uses or values of NPs. On the contrary, both in the adults’ discourse and in the way adults react to children’s utterances, they seem to experience the fact that noun phrases potentially present various facets, which can be successively or simultaneously activated in dialogue.