jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Double Duty for Sonic Hedgehog

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

During development, neurons extend axons that migrate in response to chemoattractant and chemorepulsive cues. Netrin-1 is one chemoattractant secreted by the floor plate and periventricular zone of the neural tube that attracts commissural axons of the spinal cord to the midline. However, netrin-1-deficient mice show limited proper migration of commissural axons, which suggests that another chemoattractant may be secreted by the floor plate. Charron et al. show that sonic hedgehog (Shh), a known morphogen (a secreted signal that forms gradients controlling cellular differentiation), is also a chemoattractant secreted by the floor plate for commissural axons. Embryos of mice lacking a floor plate (by loss of a gene essential for its formation) show a more severe loss of proper commissural axon projection than that seen in embryos lacking just netrin-1 alone. Netrin-1 and Shh stimulated axon turning in isolated explants of embryonic rat spinal cord. However, only netrin-1 stimulated axon outgrowth. Shh-stimulated axon turning was inhibited by application of cyclopamine, an inhibitor of the Shh receptor smoothened (Smo). Analysis of markers for neuronal differentiation indicated that Shh was not causing re-patterning of the embryonic spinal cord at embryonic day 11, the time in which Shh was tested for chemoattractant activity. Finally, conditional knockout of the Smo (in a wild-type netrin-1 background) in commissural neurons showed that loss of Shh signaling resulted in highly defasciculated projection patterns and incomplete projection to the midline. Thus, Shh appears to be both a morphogen and a chemoattractant. F. Charron, E. Stein, J. Jeong, A. P. McMahon, M. Tessier-Lavigne, The morphogen Sonic hedgehog is an axonal chemoattractant that collaborates with Netrin-1 in midline axon guidance. Cell 113 , 11-23 (2003). [Online Journal]
TRPV4 controls circadian and pathological ocular hypertension

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Ocular hypertension (OHT) caused by mechanical stress and chronic glucocorticoid exposure reduces the hydraulic permeability of the conventional outflow pathway and increases the risk for irreversible vision loss, yet healthy individuals experience nightly intraocular pressure (IOP) elevations without adverse lifetime effects. It is not known how mechanosensation regulates physiological vs . pathological OHT nor how it impacts permeability of the principal drainage pathway through the trabecular meshwork (TM). We report that OHT induced by the circadian rhythm, occlusion of the iridocorneal angle and glucocorticoids requires activation of transient receptor potential vanilloid isoform 4 (TRPV4), a stretch‐activated cation channel. Wild‐type mice responded to nocturnal topical administration of the agonist GSK1016790A with IOP lowering, whereas intracameral injection of the agonist elevated diurnal IOP. Microinjection of TRPV4 antagonists HC‐067047 and GSK2193874 lowered IOP during the nocturnal OHT phase and in hypertensive eyes treated with dexamethasone or injection of polystyrene microbeads. Conventional outflow‐specific Trpv4 knockdown induced partial IOP lowering in mice with an occluded iridocorneal angle and protected retinal neurons from pressure injury. Indicating a central role for TRPV4‐dependent mechanosensing in trabecular outflow, HC‐067047 doubled the outflow facility in TM‐populated steroid‐treated 3‐D nanoscaffolds. Tonic TRPV4 signalling thus represents a fundamental property of TM biology as a driver of increased in vitro and in vivo outflow resistance. The TRPV4 dependence of OHT under conditions that mimic primary and secondary glaucomas could be explored as a novel target for glaucoma treatments. image Key points Transient receptor potential vanilloid isoform 4 (TRPV4), a stretch‐activated channel, is required to maintain ocular hypertension (OHT) under physiological and pathological conditions. Intraocular pressure elevations induced by occlusion of the iridocorneal angle, administration of steroid eye drops and circadian rhythmicity were blocked by TRPV4 antagonists and mimicked with a TRPV4 agonist. TRPV4 inhibition suppressed steroid‐induced increases in outflow resistance in an in vitro biomimetic model of trabecular outflow. Conditional ablation of TRPV4 channels from the trabecular meshwork prevented the induction of OHT and protected the eye from glaucoma. These findings bring physiological and pathological mechanisms that mediate OHT into mechanobiological context and identify a novel target for pressure control in glaucoma.
Issues for apprenticeship training in Australia

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article considers some of the major issues and alternatives facing apprenticeship training in Australia. Taking apprenticeships as vocational training for specific trade occupations, issues including the distribution of costs and benefits, apprentice wages, the role of government, the impact of financial subsidies, and other factors affecting apprentice recruitment are discussed. Viewed in the context of the wider, entry-level vocational education and training system, fundamental differences exist between the Australian apprenticeship system and the models of the German-speaking countries, in which apprenticeships offer more general VET and structured pathways to higher learning.
[Effects of soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitors on lipid metabolism and secretive functions of adipocytes].

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

tAUCB can up-regulate the PPARγ expression in adipocytes and promote the uptake and degradation of ox-LDL in adipocytes via PPARγ-CD36 pathway. Meanwhile, the levels of ADP and TNF-α may be mediated through the activation of PPARγ.
Design of a hybrid magnetomotive force electromechanical valve actuator

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

We propose a novel axis-symmetric modified hybrid permanent magnet (PM)/electromagnet (EM) magnetomotive force actuator for a variable valve timing camless engine. The design provides a large magnetic force with low energy consump-tion, low coil inductance, PM demagnetization isolation, and improved transient response. Simulation and experimental results confirm forces of about 200 N (in the presence of coil current) at the equilibrium position and 500 N (in the absence of coil current) at the armature seat. We compared our proposed design with a double solenoid valve actuator (DSVA). The finite element method (FEM) designs of the DSVA and our proposed valve actuator were validated by experiments performed on manufactured prototypes.
Long-term clinical impact of patients with multi-vessel involved non-obstructive coronary artery disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: Private grant(s) and/or Sponsorship. Main funding source(s): Yuhan Corporation, Seoul, Korea. Background Although non-obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) was a relatively common finding in patients undergoing coronary angiography (CAG), it had previously been characterized as "insignificant CAD" and underestimated in importance. However, recent studies have increasingly showed that non-obstructive CAD is also associated with poor clinical outcomes. But the long-term clinical impact of multi-vessel involved non-obstructive CAD are not yet well-known. Purpose The aim of the present study was to determine the long-term clinical impact on patients with multi-vessel involved non-obstructive CAD. Methods A total of 2,083 patients without obstructive CAD and revascularization history were enrolled between January 2010 and December 2015. They were classified into 4 groups according to the number of vessels involved non-obstructive CAD (25%≤ luminal stenosis &lt; 70%): 0, 1, 2, 3 diseased vessel (DV). We followed patients for 5 years. The primary outcome was major cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCEs) defined as a composite of cardiac death, myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke. The secondary outcomes were each component of the primary outcome and all-cause death. Results 2,083 patients were classified into four groups according to the number of non-obstructive DVs (0 DV: 251 [60%],1 DV: 506 [24%], 2 DV: 250 [12%], 3 DV: 76 [4.0%]). The occurrence of MACCEs numerically increased as the number of non-obstructive DV increased, especially in 3 DV (MACCEs, 0 DV: 78 [6.2%], 1 DV: 33 [6.5%], 2 DV: 17 [6.8%], 3 DV: 14 [18.4%], p&lt;0.001). After adjustment, patients with non-obstructive 3 DV still showed significantly poorer clinical outcomes than 0 DV in terms of MACCEs, MI and stroke. (MACCEs: hazard ratio [HR] 2.09, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.15-3.79, p=0.016; MI: HR 15.17, 95% CI 2.37-97.25, p=0.004, Stroke: HR 2.04, 95% CI 1.01-4.16), P=0.049) Conclusions. Multi-vessel involved non-obstructive CAD, especially in 3 DV, was associated with poor long-term (5 years) clinical outcomes. Theses finding suggested that more intensive treatment may be required in this subset of patients.
Resiliensi dan Burnout Akademik Mahasiswa Program Studi Bimbingan dan Konseling X

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This study aims to: 1) describe the resilience level of students in the Guidance and Counseling (BK) study program at X; 2) describe the academic burnout level of students in the BK study program at X. This study uses a quantitative approach with a population of all active students in the BK study program. The research sample consisted of 14 students from semester II to semester VIII. The data collection technique used an instrument in the form of a questionnaire consisting of a resilience scale and an academic burnout scale. The results of the study indicate that on average, students in the BK Study Program at X have a high level of resilience. This finding is obtained from the average score of the resilience instrument that exceeds the cut-off/threshold of the CD-RISC or Resilience Scale, as well as the distribution of respondents who are mostly in the high resilience group. This condition indicates that students are relatively able to face academic pressure with a resilient, optimistic attitude, and are able to adapt to difficulties. This result indicates that resilience plays an important role in maintaining students' psychological well-being. Furthermore, the results of the study also show the distribution of academic burnout levels. Of the total respondents, 4 (25%) were in the low category, 9 (56.25%) in the moderate category, and 1 (6.25%) in the high category. The majority of students fell into the moderate category, meaning they experienced moderate levels of burnout symptoms, such as emotional exhaustion, decreased motivation, and feelings of being overwhelmed by work, but had not yet reached the chronic stage. In other words, academic burnout among students is present, but mostly at a moderate level. Based on the research and analysis, it can be concluded that students in the Guidance and Counseling Study Program at X have relatively high levels of resilience, while academic burnout levels tended to be in the moderate category, with a small percentage experiencing high levels.
Advance Care Planning in Glioblastoma Patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Despite multimodal treatment with surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, glioblastoma is an incurable disease with a poor prognosis. During the disease course, glioblastoma patients may experience progressive neurological deficits, symptoms of increased intracranial pressure such as drowsiness and headache, incontinence, seizures and progressive cognitive dysfunction. These patients not only have cancer, but also a progressive brain disease. This may seriously interfere with their ability to make their own decisions regarding treatment. It is therefore warranted to involve glioblastoma patients early in the disease trajectory in treatment decision-making on their future care, including the end of life (EOL) care, which can be achieved with Advance Care Planning (ACP). Although ACP, by definition, aims at timely involvement of patients and proxies in decision-making on future care, the optimal moment to initiate ACP discussions in the disease trajectory of glioblastoma patients remains controversial. Moreover, the disease-specific content of these ACP discussions needs to be established. In this article, we will first describe the history of patient participation in treatment decision-making, including the shift towards ACP. Secondly, we will describe the possible role of ACP for glioblastoma patients, with the specific aim of treatment of disease-specific symptoms such as somnolence and dysphagia, epileptic seizures, headache, and personality changes, agitation and delirium in the EOL phase, and the importance of timing of ACP discussions in this patient population.
Overview of issues relating to low frequency electric and magnetic fields

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

There are serious concerns among the public and utility companies over the possible health effects of electric and magnetic fields. Electric and magnetic fields produced by electric power systems have been added to the list of environmental factors that are a potential threat to humans. This paper is an overview of various issues related to the exposure to low frequency electric and magnetic fields presented in the literature. The biological effects of these fields, mitigation procedures and techniques for shielding the magnetic fields are presented.
A CaMKII/PDE4D negative feedback regulates cAMP signaling

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Significance Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. A better understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms governing such disease states as heart failure is essential to the identification of novel therapeutic targets. We have discovered a regulatory loop that coordinates the function of proteins and secondary messengers involved in cardiac contractility and the development of heart failure. This regulatory loop may be a novel target for pharmacologic intervention to restore cardiac homeostasis.
Taxonomic Study of Marine Tardigrades from Korea III. A New Species of the Genus Orzeliscus (Heterotardigrada, Halechiniscidae)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A new marine tardigrade species of the genus Orzeliscus belonging to the family Halechiniscidae is described from the sea coasts of Korea and Japan. This new species is most characterized in having slender, pole-shaped clava with uniform breadth along its whole length. Furthermore, it evidently differs from the congeners by the combination of characters of a hemispherical protrusion on cheek region of the head, a big and bulbous lateral projection between leg III and leg IV, and an elongate papillus terminating with a minute tube on leg IV. 'Orzeliscus cf. belopus' sensu McKirdy, Schmidt and McGinty-Bayly, 1976 from the Galapagos Islands quite resembles this new species in sharing the slender, pole-shaped clava. However, these two Pacific populations are distinguished to each other by body size and shapes of the protrusion on cheek region and the lateral projection between leg III and leg IV. Scanning electron microscope photographs and a key to species of the genus Orzeliscus are also provided herein.
The Effect of Captopril on the Decrease of Systolic and Diastolic Blood Pressure in Hypertension Rat with Kidney Dysfunction Complications

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The most commonly used antihypertensives in Indonesia vary according to the age of the patient. At the age of 40-60 years, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEi) and calcium channel blockers (CCBs) are usually given to older patients. All age groups were treated with a combination of CCB and angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB). Captopril is one of the ACE inhibitor classes, and captopril can lower blood pressure, improve renal impairment, and suppress kidney inflammation through the inactivation of NF-κB in hypertensive mice. Hypertension is closely related to renal dysfunction, requiring blood pressure to be lowered to the normotensive range to prevent progressive kidney damage. In the acute reperfusion stage, captopril prevents excessive angiotensin II synthesis, improves renal dysfunction, inhibited intrarenal inflammation, and better histopathologic findings. Most of the renoprotective effects of captopril occur in the acute reperfusion stage. At the same time, captopril significantly reduces NO availability, exacerbates intrarenal hypoxia, and exacerbates oxidative stress. This study aims to determine the effect of captopril on systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure. In this study, all experimental animals were made hypertensive first by inducing 8% NaCl for 21 days given orally. Then the group with renal complications was induced by administering gentamicin for seven days provided intraperitoneally. Blood creatinine levels were measured using a Photometer5010V5 +. Measurement of systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure using the Non-Invasive Blood Pressure (NIBP) instrument. The data from this study were analyzed using two-way ANOVA. The results showed that complications of renal dysfunction in hypertensive rats had a significant effect on reducing systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure (p ˂ 0.05). The administration of captopril at doses of 1.25 mg, 2.5 mg, and 5 mg significantly affected decreased systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure (p ˂ 0.05). Captopril 5 mg dose was the most effective in lowering systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure.
Marge(s) et dictature dans Yo el Supremo d’Augusto Roa Bastos

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Since dictatorship can be defined as the tension towards a center, it\nseems to be deeply opposed to the notion of border: the fringe are\nconsidered as dangerous elements standing in the way of unity and\ntruth, embodied in the image of the dictator himself. Yo el Supremo\nwritten by Augusto Roa Bastos is the monologue of a Paraguayan dictator:\nhow could the border appear in the middle of the center? Is\nthere a marginal discourse at the center of the dictatorial text? Far\nfrom being the intermediary of only the dictator¿s voice, the novel\ncontains a multitude of voices, not only in marginal notes which\ncomplete and criticize the main discourse, but also at the core of\nthe main discourse itself. If the frontiers between the edge and the\ncenter tend to fade, what could possibly be the consequences of this\nconfusion?
Bilateral fusion between neck and mandibular condyle: a case report with clinical and anatomical significance

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

The mandible condyles are often target to anatomical variations. However, there are a great number of causes, such as age, gender, ethnicity, facial type, occlusal force, functional load, and malocclusion. Furthermore, they may present symptoms or not, and they can be even caused by intraarticular fractures, due to bone remodeling. We report an uncommon bilateral fusion between neck and mandibular condyle. This anatomical curiosity should be kept in mind by clinicians and academics that may manipulate this anatomical area.
Effective Communication Results in Effective Leadership

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

A leader in their leadership must have the ability to build relationships among people. It is the core of fostering motivation, innovation, creativity, inspiration, dynamism, mutual respect, support, and responsibility that can be cultivated through communication. Effective communication is important to the organization’s efforts to achieve its goals. Organizations often need help in achieving goals due to ineffective communication factors. In this case, effective communication skills are required. This study aims to obtain information regarding the effective communication to produce effective leadership. A literature review is conducted to explore much information about effective leadership and communication. Data collection methods were through collecting data from articles related to effective leadership and communication. Inclusion criteria were from original articles, literature reviews, and review papers on effective communication resulting in effective leadership. Effective communication can result in effective leadershi. Effective leader development and leadership behaviour are the major concerns in all types of organizations. Effective communication is an important part of the organization to achieve goals. Various obstacles faced within an organization require communication efforts in the organization as a reciprocal relationship. Communication plays a role in delivering messages to other parties and serves as a socio-psychological adhesive, especially in an organization that seeks synergistic cooperation. In this case, the character of effective communication is required. Effective communication requires two-way communication and reflects an equal partnership between different sources. Community empowerment is intended so that all parties are interconnected and not divided by each other. Communication can strengthen the resolution of issues related to cultural differences so as not to damage relationships despite differences. With effective communication, partnership relationships can be established in an effort to achieve common goals.
The Influence of Discussion-Based Learning Methods on Student Learning Outcomes Class XI in the Fruit Plant Agribusiness Subject at SMK N 1 Mamasa, Mamasa Regency

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This research is classroom action research which aims to improve the learning outcomes of class XI students at ATPH SMKN 1 Mamasa. The independent variable in this research is a discussion-based learning method, while the dependent variable is the learning outcomes in the fruit crop agribusiness subject class XI ATPH Smkn 1 Mamasa. The population in this study were all students at SMKN 1 Mamasa, while the sample was 26 students, precisely in the ATPH class at SMKN 1 Mamasa. The research results show that discussion-based learning methods can improve student learning outcomes in fruit crop agribusiness subjects. In the first cycle the post-test average was 63.8%, while the second cycle post-test average was 80.7%. It can be concluded that the application of discussion-based learning methods can improve the learning outcomes of class XI ATPH SMKN 1 Mamasa students.
Boiling-Curve Measurements From a Controlled Heat-Transfer Process

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Feedback has been introduced around a boiling heat-transfer process in such a way that stable operation of the process has been obtained in all boiling regions including the transition region, in which, as is well known, the process itself is unstable. This system makes it possible to obtain much new information concerning both the steady-state and dynamic characteristics of boiling heat-transfer processes. Pool-boiling data which were obtained by the use of this system are presented. Accurate measurements of heater voltage and current were obtained by a new technique involving the use of digital instruments. These data are presented in the form of plotted experimental points in the nucleate, transition, and film boiling regions. The new measurement technique is described. Values of n in the equation q/As = CTdn are determined for all three boiling regions, where q = Btu/hr, As is heater surface area, and Td is temperature difference between heater surface and ambient liquid. The ambient liquid is distilled water maintained at saturation temperature under atmospheric pressure.