jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Clinical Symptoms of Patients with Early-Stage and Advanced-Stage Ovarian Cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Ovarian cancer is a malignant neoplasm originating from ovarian cells with different histological types depending on the subtype. It can affect women of all ages. Ovarian cancer ranks third in terms of incidence among diagnosed female cancer patients, following breast and cervical cancer. Ovarian cancer often doesn’t present specific/clear symptoms. As a result, only a small number of patients are diagnosed at an early stage (20%). The study aimed to analyze the clinical complaints experienced by ovarian cancer patients, both in early and advanced stages before diagnosis. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study analyzes clinical complaints before the diagnosis of early and advanced-stage ovarian cancer patients. The study was conducted in the Gynecology-Oncology inpatient ward at Dr. Soetomo Regional General Hospital in 2021, utilizing medical record data. Results: A total of 98 patients (21 patients with early-stage, and 77 patients with advanced-stage) were analyzed. The majority of the patients are aged 45-58 years (49%), work as homemakers (32.7%), and are married (63.3%). The three most common complaints experienced by subjects with early-stage ovarian cancer were abdominal/pelvic pain (23.8%), abdominal/pelvic pressure (28.6%), and abdominal distension (42.9%), while in patients with advanced-stage ovarian cancer were abdominal/ pelvic pain (32.7%), abdominal distension (42.9%), and abdominal discomfort (bloating, early satiety, feeling of fullness, frequent belching, heartburn, nausea and vomiting) (44.2%). Conclusions: The three most common clinical complaints among patients before being diagnosed with early and advanced-stage ovarian cancer in the inpatient ward of Dr. Soetomo Regional General Hospital Surabaya in 2021 were similar. The recognition of these complaints and several risk factors are expected to assist in the earlier diagnosis of ovarian cancer.
Cellular proteomic analysis of highly exposed HIV seronegative women from the Pumwani sex worker cohort in Nairobi, Kenya

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The HIV pandemic is well into its fourth decade and researchers have yet to develop a protective vaccine. The research presented in this thesis aims to identify and characterize correlates of HIV protection by studying highly exposed HIV seronegative (HESN) sex workers from Nairobi, Kenya. HESN women appear to have the natural ability to resist HIV acquisition giving the research community some hope that one-day a vaccine, microbicide or other prevention tool can be developed. Previous studies have indicated an overall immune quiescence phenotype characterized by lower immune activation in T cells and increased factors that limit HIV infection, which may play a significant role in protecting HESN women from HIV acquisition. The central hypothesis of this thesis is that quantitative shotgun proteomics of systemic and mucosal mononuclear cells from HESN women will demonstrate a proteomic profile characteristic of the immune quiescent phenotype, described by the altered expression of pathways important in immune activation, cell recruitment / migration, and proteins involved in HIV replication pathways. This hypothesis was addressed by quantifying the proteomic profile of immune cells isolated from the systemic and mucosal compartments of HESN women. In these studies HESN women were shown to have a proteomic profile representative of immune quiescence in genital tract immune cells but not systemically. Additionally, Mx2 a novel HIV restriction factor was found to be over-expressed in systemic immune cells from HESN women. These data support the role of immune quiescence in the genital tract as a potential mechanism for HIV resistance and has identified a novel HIV restriction factor that may contribute to HIV resistance in HESN women. Strategies to mimic immune quiescence at the site of HIV acquisition and regulate HIV host restriction factors such as Mx2 should be considered during future vaccine and microbicide development.
Continuing or Temporarily Stopping Prestroke Antihypertensive Medication in Acute Stroke

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Over 50% of patients are already taking blood pressure–lowering therapy on hospital admission for acute stroke. An individual patient data meta-analysis from randomized controlled trials was undertaken to determine the effect of continuation versus temporarily stopping preexisting antihypertensive medication in acute stroke. Key databases were searched for trials against the following inclusion criteria: randomized design; stroke onset ≤48 hours; investigating the effect of continuation versus stopping prestroke antihypertensive medication; and follow-up of ≥2 weeks. Two randomized controlled trials were identified and included in this meta-analysis of individual patient data from 2860 patients with ≤48 hours of acute stroke. Risk of bias in each study was low. In adjusted logistic regression and multiple regression analyses (using random effects), we found no significant association between continuation of prestroke antihypertensive therapy (versus stopping) and risk of death or dependency at final follow-up: odds ratio 0.96 (95% confidence interval, 0.80–1.14). No significant associations were found between continuation (versus stopping) of therapy and secondary outcomes at final follow-up. Analyses for death and dependency in prespecified subgroups revealed no significant associations with continuation versus temporarily stopping therapy, with the exception of patients randomized ≤12 hours, in whom a difference favoring stopping treatment met statistical significance. We found no significant benefit with continuation of antihypertensive treatment in the acute stroke period. Therefore, there is no urgency to administer preexisting antihypertensive therapy in the first few hours or days after stroke, unless indicated for other comorbid conditions.
Central Venous Catheter Placement: Where Is the Tip?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The insertion of central venous catheters is a common bedside procedure performed in intensive care units. Here, we present a case of an 82-year-old man who underwent insertion of a central venous catheter in the internal jugular vein without perceived complications. Postprocedural radiographs showed rostral migration of the catheter, and computed tomography performed coincidentally showed cannulation of the jugular bulb at the level of the jugular foramen. To our knowledge, this is the first report to document migration of a central venous catheter from the internal jugular vein into the dural sinuses, as confirmed by computed tomography. The case highlights the importance of acquiring postprocedural radiographs for all insertions of central venous catheters to confirm catheter placement.
Continuous medial representations for geometric object modeling in 2D and 3D

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We describe a novel continuous medial representation for object geometry and a deformable templates method for tting the representation to images. Our representation simultaneously describes the boundary and medial loci of geometrical objects, always maintaining Blum's symmetric axis transform (SAT) relationship. Cubic b-splines de ne the continuous medial locus and the associated thickness eld, which in turn generate the object boundary. We present geometrical properties of the representation and derive a set of constraints on the b-spline parameters. The 2D representation encompasses branching medial loci; the 3D version can model objects with a single medial surface, and the extension to branching medial surfaces is a subject of ongoing research. We present preliminary results of segmenting 2D and 3D medical images. The representation is ultimately intended for use in statistical shape analysis.
Transmit Waveform Design Based on Ambiguity Function Shaping for Distributed Coherent Aperture Radar in MIMO Mode

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

To achieve full coherence, it is indispensable for distributed coherent aperture radar (DCAR) to estimate coherence parameters (CPs) using orthogonal waveforms in MIMO mode. However, incomplete orthogonality between waveforms and initial time and phase synchronization errors between the subapertures introduce estimation errors, which degrade full coherence performance. To tackle these issues, we propose an orthogonal waveform design framework based on ambiguity function (AF) shaping to improve CPs' estimation accuracy. We combine the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) and the majorization-minimization (MM) algorithm to transform the nonconvex quartic optimization problem into a quadratic optimization problem. Numerical simulation results show that the optimized waveforms significantly enhance the estimation accuracy of CPs.
New design for a dynamic tactile graphic system for blind computer users

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

An interactive tactile graphic display which acts by touch force has been developed as a trial. The trial model showed four usability problems through several usability experiments. Thus we re-designed three operation rules and developed a new image resampling algorithm to solve the problems. As the result, all problems shown in the previous system were solved. Furthermore a strategy of user interface design for interactive tactile graphic displays was shown through the development. In addition, an audio-tactile graphic system which can be used mainly to overcome tactile cognitive limitation was implemented as an application of the system.
Epidemiologic Study of Periodontal Conditions in Patients Undergoing Renal Dialysis.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

わが国で腎不全により人工透析を受けている患者は現在約18万人いると言われている。透析処置では腎臓のすべての機能を補うことはできず, 例えばエリスロポエチンの産生やビタミンD3の活性化といった生体にとって重要な反応が行われなくなる。これらの腎機能障害に由来した骨病変は透析患者にみられる主要な副作用の一つである。著者らは人工透析処置を受けている慢性腎不全患者は歯周病に対する感受性の高い集団ではないかと考え, その関連を追求するために透析患者38名の歯周組織診査を行った。対照群として同年代の健常者42名を選び, 同様の歯周組織診査を行った。CPITN (歯周治療必要度指数) を調べた結果, 透析患者群は対照群より高い値を示した (2.4±0.1 vs. 1.9±0.1; p<0.05)。CI-S (簡略化歯石指数) では, 2群間に有意差は認められなかった。欠損歯数では, 透析群の方が2.2倍多かった (6.1±1.3 vs. 2.8±0.8; p<0.05)。次に, 透析期間の違いによって患者を4グループに分けて分析したところ, 指標値に差は認められなかった。また, 透析患者の血中PTH (副甲状腺ホルモン) 濃度と歯槽骨レベルならびにCPITNとの相関を調べたが, 有意な相関は見い出せなかった。一方, 透析患者38名のうち7名が糖尿病由来で人工透析に至った患者 (糖尿病性腎症) であり, これらの患者のほとんどに重度の歯周炎が認められ, 残り31名の透析患者と比較すると, 欠損歯数の増加 (15.9±3.6 vs. 3.9±1.1; p<0.05) および歯槽骨レベル (%) の低下 (58±60 vs. 79±1; p<0.05) が認められた。さらに, 糖尿病性腎症以外の透析患者31名と対照群とを比較した場合, CPITNにおいて有意差が認められ (2.3±0.1 vs. 1.9±0.1; p<0.05), 糖尿病性腎症を除いた透析患者においても健常者より歯周病罹患度が高いことが示された。以上の結果から, 人工透析処置を受けている慢性腎不全患者の歯周病罹患度は健常人より高く, 慢性腎不全が歯周病のリスクファクターになりうる可能性が示唆されるとともに, 人工透析処置を受けている糖尿病性腎症患者はそれ以外の疾患由来の患者よりも重度の歯周病を有する傾向が強いことが示された。
Does Active Design Influence Activity, Sitting, Wellbeing and Productivity in the Workplace? A Systematic Review

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Active design is an emerging concept to incorporate physical activity into daily life through thoughtful design, and is often implemented in new building designs. It is, however, not known what evidence base there is to support the claims. Through this systematic review, the current evidence for active design was investigated. Seven databases were searched. A range of search terms relating to active design, physical activity, sitting, performance and wellbeing were used. After title and abstract screening of 1174 papers and full-text screening, 17 were selected for inclusion. The papers provided promising evidence of active design aiding a reduction in sitting and increase in standing time. Limited evidence was found for physical activity; a few studies reported an increase in step counts. Musculoskeletal effects were investigated in few studies, but there is some evidence of benefits to lower back pain. There was consistent evidence for better light and air quality, but no evidence for other features of the workplace environment. No conclusive evidence was found on associations between active design features and work performance. There is hence some evidence to support the benefit of active design on physical health; however, the dearth and heterogeneity of the study designs, measures and findings warrant further research.
Fluorescence navigation with indocyanine green for sentinel lymph node biopsy in patients with breast cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To evaluate indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence for sentinel lymph node biopsy(SLNB) in patients with breast cancer.Methods From Nov 2012 to Mar 2014,136 breast cancer patients received SLNB using ICG.A level Ⅰ and Ⅱ axillary dissection was performed for verification of axillary node status after the SLNB.Results The SLN identification rate by ICG fluorescence was 97.1％ (132/136).In 41 cases in whom the axillary lymph node was positive with metastasis,there were two cases that the ICG fluorescence was negative,hence the false-negative rate was 4.9％ (2/41).The ICG fluorescence sensitivity rate was 95.1％ (39/41) and the accuracy rate was 98.5％ (130/132).The average number of SLN detected was 2.9 (1-6).Conclusions Transcutaneous ICG fluorescence imaging for SLNB provides real-time lymphography with high rate of SLN detection and satisfactory accuracy in the detection of axillary metastatic lymph nodes.

Key words:
Breast neoplasms; Sentinel lymph node biopsy; Indocyanine green
Inwardly rectifying K+ current in osteoclasts

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Membrane properties of freshly isolated rat osteoclasts were studied using the whole cell patch-clamp recording technique. The membrane potential could switch between two stable levels, approximately -70 and -15 mV. Voltage-clamp studies indicated that osteoclasts exhibited marked inward rectification, with hyperpolarizing voltage commands from -70 mV activating large inward currents. No voltage-dependent currents were observed in response to depolarization. An increase in external K+ concentration shifted the current-voltage relationship positive in a manner predicted for K+ current. Furthermore, barium and cesium reversibly suppressed the inward current. Thus the dominant current evident in osteoclasts was inwardly rectifying K+ current, resembling that found in a number of cell types, including cardiac and skeletal muscle and oocytes. The current-voltage relationship of osteoclasts was "N-shaped" and could intersect the zero-current level at three potentials, accounting for two stable membrane potentials. Switching of membrane potential between these two levels may regulate a number of the cellular processes involved in bone resorption.
Formation of mental disorders in dysmenorrea at early reproductive age

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Clinical-psychopathological examination has been carried out as well as quality of life has been studied in female patients with dysmenorrea in period of puberty and at early reproductive age. It has been revealed that mental disturbances in studied nosology were represented by their high prevalence. In girls-adolescents with this pathology neurotic reactions were found more frequently, in women with dysmenorrea at early reproductive age persistent neurotic states predominated. It has been shown that formation and dynamic of mental disorders were determined by somatogenic, psychogenic and social factors.
Writing Disability in ADHD Children

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The psychological examination aims at objectifying the key symptoms of hyperactivity, i.e. attention and\nexecutive function disorders (in short, activation-inhibition control). The files of 237 patients from our\nconsultations, aged between 5 and 17 years old and examined between 2004 and 2016, are analyzed\nretrospectively. Of whom 40 cases show the typical ADHD syndrome, mixed presentation, according to\nDSM-5 criteria.\nThese ADHD children and adolescents show not only a characteristic impulsivity on computerized\nattention tests, but also a deficit in the acquisition of writing, an early manifestation of their\nneurodevelopmental disorders. This association correctly classifies 82.4% of hyperactives and controls,\na strong effect given the difficult diagnosis of ADHD syndrome.
Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas: a review of the M.D. Anderson experience.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The approach we have followed in developing treatment strategies for lymphoma consists of testing new combinations in patients with recurrent disease and, if these are found to be effective, advancing them to front-line therapy. Three series of salvage regimens tested at the M. D. Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC) will be described. These were initially based on ifosfamide/etoposide, later on high-dose cytarabine/cisplatin, and more recently on a novel strategy that first uses MINE (mesna/ifosfamide/Novantrone [mitoxantrone; Lederle International, Wayne, NJ]/etoposide) for induction of remission and, following the attainment of the maximum response to MINE, changes treatment to a non--cross-resistant combination known as ESHAP (etoposide/Solu-medrol ([methylprednisolone]/high-dose cytarabine/cisplatin). The front-line management of intermediate-grade lymphoma at MDACC currently is based on prognostic factors. The criteria for selecting categories of less favorable patients will be discussed. A new regimen, alternating triple therapy based on three non--cross-resistant drug regimens, currently is being explored for these patients. Already this regimen has shown an early advantage in the worst category of cases, those with M.D. Anderson stage D (high tumor burden, high levels of lactate dehydrogenase). The data, however, remain preliminary.
Relationship between New Science Books with Creativity of Junior High School (Seventh Grade) Learners in the Academic Year 2013- 2014

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of training of new science book with creativity learners of seventh grade of Isfahan in 2013-2014. The sample size is formed 300 teachers based on random cluster sampling and answered to researcher made questionnaire consisting of 48 questions. This questionnaire is developed based on Torrance's theory about creativity training and Williams’s creativity training patterns and content of new sciences book of the seventh grade. Reliability of this questionnaire was evaluated with Cronbach Alfa method that was (0.96). Validity of tools was assessed by formal validity. Then, the data was analyzed by chi-square and Friedman tests. The results showed that all components mentioned in research about training of new sciences book of seventh grade had significant effect on improvement of student creativity.so the highest rank to increasing of learners' participation component creativity in group and team works with ratings mean 31.78 and lowest rank of new sciences book training leads to risk-taking in learners with ratings mean 21.17.
How do older people describe others with cognitive impairment? A multiethnic study in the United States

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT We studied how older people describe others with cognitive impairment. Forty-two focus groups represented African Americans, American Indians, Chinese Americans, Latinos, Vietnamese Americans, and Whites other than Latinos (Whites) (N = 396, ages 50+), in nine locations in the United States of America. Axial coding connected categories and identified themes. The constant comparison method compared themes across ethnic groups. African Americans, American Indians and Whites emphasised memory loss. African Americans, American Indians, Latinos and Whites stressed withdrawal, isolation and repetitive speech. African Americans, American Indians, Vietnamese Americans and Whites emphasised ‘slow thinking’. Only Whites described mood swings and personality changes. Many participants attributed dementia to stress. Terms describing others with dementia included ‘Alzheimer's’, ‘dementia’, ‘senile’ and ‘crazy’. Euphemisms were common (‘senior moment’, ‘old timer's disease’). Responses focused on memory, with limited mention of other cognitive functions. Differences among ethnic groups in descriptions of cognitive health and cognitive impairment underscore the need to tailor public health messages about cognitive health to ways that people construe its loss, and to their interest in maintaining it, so that messages and terms used are familiar, understandable and relevant to the groups for which they are designed. Health promotion efforts should develop ethnically sensitive ways to address the widely held misperception that even serious cognitive impairment is a normal characteristic of ageing and also to address stigma associated with cognitive impairment.
Co-pelletization of Torrefied Cotton Stalk and Coffee Husk as an Alternative Energy Source for Cement Pyroprocessing

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Cement manufacturing is an energy and emission intensive process. The use of alternative fuels to replace coal contributes to energy security and the total environmental footprint of the cement industry. This study investigated the suitability of co-pelletized torrefied coffee husk and cotton stalk as alternative energy mix for cement pyroprocessing. Process parameters which affect the calorific value such as particle size (100-125����, 125-250 ���� and, 250-500 ����), mixing ratio (0.33, 0.5 and 0.67) and torrefaction temperature (200℃, 250℃ and 300℃) were optimized via Box Behnken design (BBD). Characterization of raw coffee husk, cotton stalk and mixed torrefied pellet for proximate analysis, ultimate analysis, calorific value, bulk density, ash composition, Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Fourier transmission infrared spectroscopy analysis (FTIR) were determined to understand the physiochemical and thermal property of the fuel. Based on the results, the optimal conditions were (particle size=100-125����, mixing ratio=0.62 and torrefaction temperature of 300℃), with a maximum calorific value of 5320.72kcal/kg. The optimum mixed torrefied pellet showed a decrease in moisture content (1.67%), volatile content (50.45%), hydrogen to carbon ratio (0.044) and oxygen to carbon (0.4239), while the fixed carbon (37.14%), elemental carbon (68.1195%) and calorific value (5322.31kcal/kg or 22.283 MJ/Kg) increased considerably. As shown in the FT-IR analysis, loss of -OH groups resulted in decreased hydrogen-bonding capacity which makes the mixed torrefied pellet more hydrophobic. Moreover, the TGA analysis showed that the lignin content at higher torrefaction temperature was higher which was responsible for the higher heating value of mixed torrefied pellet. In view of the results obtained in this study, the proposed mixed torrefied pellet has a potential to be used as a source of alternative energy for cement industries.