jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
IRF3 inhibits IFN-γ-mediated restriction of intracellular pathogens in macrophages independently of IFNAR

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Macrophages use an array of innate immune sensors to detect intracellular pathogens and to tailor effective antimicrobial responses. In addition, extrinsic activation with the cytokine IFN-γ is often required as well to tip the scales of the host-pathogen balance toward pathogen restriction. However, little is known about how host-pathogen sensing impacts the antimicrobial IFN-γ-activated state. It was observed that in the absence of IRF3, a key downstream component of pathogen sensing pathways, IFN-γ-primed macrophages more efficiently restricted the intracellular bacterium Legionella pneumophila and the intracellular protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. This effect did not require IFNAR, the receptor for Type I IFNs known to be induced by IRF3, nor the sensing adaptors MyD88/TRIF, MAVS, or STING. This effect also did not involve differential activation of STAT1, the major signaling protein downstream of both Type 1 and Type 2 IFN receptors. IRF3-deficient macrophages displayed a significantly altered IFN-γ-induced gene expression program, with up-regulation of microbial restriction factors such as Nos2. Finally, we found that IFN-γ-primed but not unprimed macrophages largely excluded the activated form of IRF3 from the nucleus following bacterial infection. These data are consistent with a relationship of mutual inhibition between IRF3 and IFN-γ-activated programs, possibly as a component of a partially reversible mechanism for modulating the activity of potent innate immune effectors (such as Nos2) in the context of intracellular infection.
Hypersensitive Response in Plants

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract The hypersensitive response (HR) in plants is a rapid and highly localized cell death that may be evoked by pathogen challenge. The HR is not a disease syndrome but is an effective, host‐regulated defence response which contributes towards the neutralization of the invading pathogen. Research into the elicitation and elaboration of the HR is a major research theme in plant biology where there is a close interaction between laboratory‐based experimental science and plant breeders in order to generate pathogen‐resistant crops.
Effect of Soil and Foliar Applications of Micronutrients on Flowering and Yield of Mango

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The experiment was carried out during the spring and summer seasons of the year 2017-18 and 2018-19 at the Horticultural Research Farm, AAU, Anand to study the “Effect of soil and foliar applications of micronutrients on flowering and yield of mango variety”. The experimentcomprised of 13 treatments of different micronutrients application viz. FeSO4 100 g, ZnSO4 100 g, Borax 100 g and multimicronutrients grade-V 400 g as a soil application; FeSO4 0.5 %, ZnSO4 0.5 %, borax 0.2 % and multimicronutrients grade-IV 1.0 % as a foliar application and its combinassions and control (water spray). Soil application was done at second fortnight of September and foliar sprays of treatments were done at flower bud initiation, full bloom stage and pea stage initiationon 18 years old mango tree cv. Mallika. Experiment was laid out in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three repetitions. Numbers of staminate, hermaphrodite and total number of flowers per panicle were found significant with respect to various micronutrients treatments during both the years of experiment. Maximum staminate flowers per panicle, hermaphrodite flowers per panicle and total number of flowers per panicle was found with soil application of multimicronutrients grade-V 400 g followed by foliar application of multimicronutrients grade-IV 1.0 % during both the years of study. The significantly higher number of fruits, average fruit weight and fruit yield per tree were recorded with soil application of multimicronutrients grade-V 400 g followed by foliar application of multimicronutrients grade-IV 1.0 % during the years 2017-18 and 2018-19.
Histochemistry of epithelial metaplasia and dysplasia in human stomach and colorectum.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Histochemical techniques reveal the functional divergence of carcinomas of the gastrointestinal tract and their tissues of origin. The principal changes are either the impairment or loss of normal functions or the acquisition of new functions. The latter may be those of heterologous adult tissues (metaplasia) or foetal tissues. Dysplasia or intra-epithelial neoplasia is regarded as a selective precancerous lesion. One might predict the functional profiles of dysplasia to be intermediate between those of normal and carcinomatous tissues. This appears to be only partially true in that high grade dysplasia (amounting to carcinoma-in-situ) will show appropriate cancer-associated changes, whereas low grade dysplasia may be functionally identical to its normal counterpart. Paradoxically, it is possible to demonstrate cancer-associated changes in non-neoplastic lesions such as incomplete intestinal metaplasia of gastric mucosa and both metaplastic polyps and transitional mucosa of the colorectum. If a proportion of the changes occurring in the course of malignant transformation have a metaplastic basis, it is possible that these are caused by the same environmental agents which lead to benign metaplasias. Benign metaplastic lesions may signal the presence of a potentially carcinogenic microenvironment, whilst some, such as incomplete intestinal metaplasia, are regarded as precancerous.
Loss of Total Phenol in Two Shrub Leaf Litter Species: The Dual Role of Alpine Forest Gap Disturbance

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Alpine forest gaps can distribute snowfall, solar radiation and rainfall, thus inducing a heterogeneous hydrothermal microenvironment between the inside and outside areas of forest gaps. Additionally, the characteristics of the heterogeneous microenvironment could vary greatly across the gap location properties during winter and the growing season. To determine the response of total phenol loss (TPL) from the litter to alpine forest gap disturbance during decomposition, we conducted a field litterbag experiment within a representative fir (Abies faxoniana Rehd.) forest based on the gap location properties. The TPL and abundances of fungi and bacteria from two typical shrub species (willow, Salix paraplesia Schneid., and bamboo, Fargesia nitida (Mitford) Keng f.) were measured during the following periods over two years: snow formation (SF), snow cover (SC) snow melting (ST), the early growing season (EG) and the later growing season (LG). At the end of the study, we found that the snow cover depth, frequencies of the freeze-thaw cycle and the fungal copy g-1 to bacterial copy g-1 ratio had significant effects on the litter TPL. The abundances of fungi and bacteria decreased from the gap center to the closed canopy during the two SF, SC, ST and LG periods and reversed during the two EG periods. The TPL closely followed the same trend as the microbial abundance during the first year of incubation. In addition, both species had larger TPLs in the gap center during the first winter, first year and entire two years. These findings suggest that alpine forest gap formation accelerates litter TPL and plays a dual role during specific critical periods by distributing abiotic and biotic factors directly and indirectly. In conclusion, reduced snow cover depth and duration during winter warming under current climate change scenarios or as gaps vanish may slow litter TPL in alpine biomes.
Hibridno djelovanje u funkciji planiranja i ostvarivanja ciljeva biopolitike u Bosni i Hercegovini / Hybrid Action in Planning and Achieving Biopolicy Goals in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper attempts to answer the problem of the starting points, structure, and consequences of biopolitical discourse in Bosnia and Herzegovina and its neighboring surroundings. It explores geopolitical and security perspectives, essential for understanding the historical processes of ethnopolitics, politics, and ideological hegemony of major state projects. These projects seek to manipulate human lives through technology and cynical political tactics. To achieve the goals of biopolitics in Bosnia and Herzegovina, since the signing of the Dayton Agreement until today (sometimes with greater, and sometimes with less intensity), hybrid operations have been led to destroy the state of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and establish large-state projects known as Greater Serbia (the so-called Serbian world) and Greater Croatia. Hybrid warfare is activities executed by the state, its political elite, intelligence, and/or parastatal groups which are held under the control of some specific state leadership against another internationally recognized state, in this case, Bosnia and Herzegovina, being primarily all political, media, psychological, diplomatic and intelligence, or above all that. In the function of realizing the goals of biopolitics in Bosnia and Herzegovina, the targets of hybrid action in Bosnia and Herzegovina are or above almost all forms and aspects of social life, the constitutional order, institutions of the political, economic, judicial, and security system, as well as institutions of religious, national, linguistic, educational and other aspects of the cultural identity of the citizens and peoples of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Upholding the principles of parliamentary civic democracy, and Bosnianism (demos - political people) is crucial for the survival and progress of Bosnia and Herzegovina, as in complex political communities, during the transition to democracy, no collective right must be exercised before the permanent, effective and irrevocable protection of individual rights is ensured.
OPTIMUM COMPOSITIONS OF Rh–Sn–γ–Al2O3 CATALYSTS FOR SIMULTANEOUS REDUCTION OF NITRIC OXIDE AND CARBON MONOXIDE

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The simultaneous reduction of NO and CO on Rh–Sn–γ–Al2O3 was studied in reductive and oxidative atmosphere. The effect of alloying with Sn on catalytic activity was obviously observed in oxidative atmosphere. The reaction temperature lowered in the presence of O2. The optimum Rh/Sn atomic ratio decreased with increasing concentration of O2 in the reactant.
Flow-Through Fluorimetric Sensor for the Determination of Aluminium at the Nanogram per Milliliter Level

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract A sensor based on the transient retention of the aluminium/salicylaldehyde picolonoylhydrazone complex on a C18 support located in the flow-cell of a conventional fluorimeter is reported. The detector is coupled to a flow injection (FI) manifold which allows optimal formation of the luminescent complex and its fast elution after monitoring. The method developed by using this sensor features a linear range between 2 and 200 ng/mL of Al, with good repeatability and excellent selectivity. A conventional FI method based on the same reaction has also been developed. The comparison of both methods between them and also with the batch-manual method by applying them to the determination of aluminium in different types of water shows the usefulness of the proposed flow-through sensor. Key Words: flow-through sensorfluorimetry, aluminium
DRAM design based on carbon nanotube field effect transistors

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper a 16-bit DRAM memory based on 1T DRAM cell using 2-bit decoder is presented. The DRAM circuit implements two model types: the Stanford University compact model and a simplified CNTFET model derived from the Stanford model. Simulation results showed good matching of both models behavior, which proves the applicability of the simplified model to memory circuits.
Visual Target Interaction Modeling with Multichannel Data Fusion

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Facing the demand for accurate, fast, and natural human–computer interaction in the multi-screen control environment, the traditional exchange method of frequent switching control of multi-screen through mouse, keyboard, and other manual methods has problems of low efficiency, weak flexibility, and poor experience. In this paper, we research multi-screen precision control technology based on eye movement to break through the difficulties of precise recognition of human vision under complex environments and poor stability of vision estimation under frequent switching control of multi-screen. This study explores the technology for controlling multiple screens with high precision by tracking eye movements. It overcomes the challenges associated with reliably discerning human visual focus in intricate settings and the instability of visual assessments during rapid transitions between multiple screens. The experimental results of 1143 eye-movement capture tasks are studied, including the accurate recognition technology of human head posture and pupil gaze direction under complex backgrounds, illumination, and different visual field environments, and the theoretical modeling method of multi-screen precise target interaction based on eye-movement is explored. The expression data will be processed using convolutional neural networks, and the dataset will be trained through Python programming and tested on test samples collected by simulated flight crews in the laboratory with an accuracy rate of more than 85%.
David Levering Lewis: "A Counter-Narrative: Islam and the Making of the First Europe"

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Includes descriptive metadata provided by producer in MP4 file: Chancellor's Lecture Series - Videos - David Levering Lewis: 'A Counter-Narrative: Islam and the Making of the First Europe.' By Vanderbilt University. Lewis is a historian and the author of God's crucible : Islam and the making of Europe, 570 to 1215
To sling or not to sling? Impact of intraoperative sling procedures during radical prostatectomy on postoperative continence outcomes: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Purpose This systematic review and meta‐analysis investigates the efficacy of intraoperative sling procedures in reducing postprostatectomy urinary incontinence compared to having no slings. Methods A comprehensive search of PubMed, Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane library from inception to November 2020 was performed. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool for randomized studies and Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale for nonrandomized studies. The GRADE approach was used for critical appraisal of evidences and meta‐analyses were conducted using random‐effects models. Results Ten studies were included (n = 1,447). Quality of evidence ranged from moderate to very low. Sling procedure was generally favorable for short‐term continence outcomes, although discrepancies exist due to variability in continence definition. Sling procedure resulted in reduced urinary pad weight at 1 month postoperatively (MD: 21.55; 95%CI: 12.58 to 30.52). Patient‐reported questionnaires were also favorable for the sling group for up to 3 months (IPSS; (MD: 1.44; 95%CI: 0.14 to 2.74), ICIQ‐SF; (MD: 2.25; 95%CI: 1.26 to 3.24), EPIC‐U; (MD: 5.30; 95%CI: 1.12 to 9.39)) postoperatively. Sling procedure improved the number of continent patients at 1 month with continence definition of zero pad use/day (RR:1.41; 95%CI: 1.10 to 1.83) but not with the definition of ≤ 1pad/day. Similarly, it reduced the time to continence with the ≤ 1 pad/day definition (MD: 0.5; 95%CI: 0.1 to 0.9) but not with the zero pad/day definition. Conclusion The current literature suggests that intraoperative sling procedures during radical prostatectomy may promote early return of continence compared to having no sling, however, there are no long‐term differences.
Politici de reducere a șomajului și de creștere a gradului de ocupare în România

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Labor market policies have become a necessity given that unemployment remains a worldwide problem. The issue of social protection for the unemployed and employment is addressed generally by two types of social policies: passive labor market policy measures (representing financial support for the unemployed) and active labor market policy measures (whose objectives are to assist the unemployed in finding a job). The increased emphasis on active labor market policy measures is noted even in Romania, and their success stems from the attenuation of the institutional factors, the demographic ones or from the correlation between demand for qualifications and the educational system offer, and the characteristics of the unemployed person, as well as from the number of people who were employed after participating in them. This paper highlights the important role of active policies that aim towards increasing employment in the labor market, underlining the importance and impact on the ability to rapidly adapt to changes that occur in the labor market in Romania; concurrently, applying the same measures in the counties and finding differences in measures depending on the unemployment rate, differences that confirm the matching between existing needs and offered services.
Silicate‐Mediated Electrolytic Silicon Nanotube from Silica in Molten Salts

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Electrochemical preparation/processing of functional silicon from abundant silica is an ideal protocol to promote sustainability of energy sectors. Such an imperative task is challenged by poor electrical conductivity of Si/SiO 2 and inadequate mass diffusion of bulk silicon. Herein, a template‐free and one‐step preparation of silicon nanotubes (Si‐NT) from electrochemical reduction of silica in molten salts is reported. An in situ oriented growth of silicate nanorods (NRs) from silica is clarified as the key step to direct a self‐template evolution of Si‐NT from silica. The silicate‐mediated construction of Si‐based NT is versatile and successfully extended to prepare Si‐NT/graphite and Ti x Si y ‐NT. Benefitting from fast longitudinal motorways for fast transport of electrons and ions along/inside NTs, an energy consumption 30% lower than industrial silicon production is achieved. When evaluated as anode of lithium ion battery, the Si‐NT‐based electrodes show outstanding initial Coulombic efficiency and high reversible capacity. The silicate‐mediated construction of Si‐based NT integrates straightforward preparation and intriguing functionality of Si‐based materials, bridging a closed‐loop Si‐based energy infrastructure.
Efficacy and safety of Menatetrenone-4 postmenopausal Thai women.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Clinical and comparative study of the efficacy and adverse events of Menatetrenone-4. The control group (n=40) received elemental calcium carbonate 800 mg/day and the Menatetrenone-4 treated group received elemental calcium carbonate 800 mg/day plus vitamin K2 45 mg/day (n=43). The vitamin K2 treated group showed a marked decrease of undercarboxylated osteocalcin at 2 weeks, six months (51.52% p=0.0001) and twelve months (87.26% p=0.0001) compared to the calcium treated group. At the end of the sixth and twelve months both groups did not increase bone mass of the hip but the vitamin K2 treated group increased 0.6 per cent of bone mass of the lumbar spine and decreased bone resorption 65.42 per cent (p=0.0001) compared to the calcium treated group. The calcium treated group was switched to the vitamin K2 treated group at the end of six months and showed a decrease of the level of undercarboxylated osteocalcin the same as the former vitamin K2 treated group. The adverse events were 2 cases of mild skin rash which subsided after cessation of medication.
Chromosome damage induced by 5-azacytidine under the influence of caffeine or cytosine arabinoside in CHO-K1 (wild-type) and XRS-5 (mutant) cell lines

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

5-azacytidine (5-azaC) treatment combined with cytosine arabinoside (ara-C) or caffeine were performed in vitro in Chinese hamster cells, CHO-K1 (wild-type) and xrs-5 (mutant) cell lines, in order to compare the cell response to the induction of chromosomal aberrations. Exponentially growing cells were treated with 5-azaC (4-16 uM) for 1 h, the cells were washed and incubated for 7 h, and 500 uM caffeine or 5 uM ara-C were added to the cultures for the last 2 h. In both cell lines, 5-azaC induced a significantly increase (P<0.01) in the frequencies of aberrations; in the combined treatments (5-azaC + Ara-C), a significant reduction (P<0.05) was observed for the aberrations which were randomly distributed. Caffeine had no influence at the same conditions. 5-azaC induced-DNA lesions were probably processed at S/G2 phase in a common pathway in both cell lines, but alternatively, 5-azaC may cause xrs-5 cells to revert to the wild-type.
Flora of the canga of Serra dos Carajás, Pará, Brazil: Euphorbiaceae

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract The taxonomic treatment of the species of Euphorbiaceae from the iron-stone outcrops of the Serra dos Carajás, Pará, Brasil, is presented. The study was based on analysis of herbarium specimens deposited in regional and national herbaria, as well as field observations. Eleven species and one subspecies were found, belonging to the following genera: Croton (four species), Manihot (two species, one subspecies), Mabea (one species), Sapium (one species), Alchornea (one species), Aparisthmium (one species), and Astraea (one species). One probable new species and four new occurrences are recorded for Carajás. Generic and species keys, morphological descriptions, illustrations, comments, geographical distribution and habitat preferences are provided for all taxa.