jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A Study of Taiwan’s Technical College Students’ English Learning Strategies

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Learning Strategies Chiung-Li Li, Sandy Haggard, Shu-Hua Chen Abstract The English proficiency of students in Taiwan’s technical colleges has become increasingly worse over the years. Teachers face the difficult challenge to help improve technical college students’ English proficiency in a short amount of time. In fact, many factors are responsible for EFL college students’ poor English competence. Based on a review of the literature, learning achievement is not only correlated with learning motivation but also with learning strategies. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to determine which learning strategy was most commonly used by technical college students when learning English. Scarcella and Oxford (1992) defined learning strategies as “specific actions, behaviors, steps, or techniques--such as seeking out conversation partners, or giving oneself encouragement to tackle a difficult language task--used by students to enhance their own learning”. Oxford (2003) also showed that when the learner consciously chooses strategies that fit his or her learning style and the L2 task at hand, these strategies become a useful toolkit for active, conscious, and purposeful self-regulation of learning. Also, Oxford classified learning strategies into six groups: cognitive, metacognitive, memory-related, compensatory, affective, and social. Learning strategies can also enable students to become more independent and autonomous lifelong learners. However, students are not always aware of the power of consciously using L2 learning strategies to learn more quickly and more effectively (Nyikos & Oxford, 1993). The research instrument was an English Learning Strategy Scale designed by Li et al. (2006) who revised it from Oxford’s Strategy Inventory for Language Learning (SILL), and the subjects were 170 students enrolled in the General English course at Meiho Institute of Technology in southern Taiwan. Based on the data collected from the English learning strategy scale, the findings show the ranking of learning strategies employed by the subjects from the highest to the lowest was the compensatory strategy, social strategy, affective strategy, cognitive strategy, memory strategy, and metacognitive strategy. Finally, the researchers drew a conclusion and provided some implications to English learners and instructors.
Effect of Ultra-High Pressure Treatment on Shelf-Life of Nanjing Salted Duck

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In order to explore the effect of ultra-high pressure(UHP) treatment on the shelf-life and quality index of Nanjing salted duck,the vacuum-packaged duck breasts were subjected to UHP(200 MPa and 400 MPa) treatment at 20,30 ℃ and 40 ℃ for 10 min.All samples are stored at 4 ℃.Total counts of spoilage microorganisms in UHP-treated and control breasts were determined every week during storage.In addition,pH,color,TBARS and sensory quality were evaluated.The results indicated that UHP treatment could effectively inactivate initial microorganisms and inhibit the growth of microorganisms in Nanjing salted duck breasts.At the beginning of storage,UHP-treated breasts revealed an obvious increase in TBARS value.However,at the late stage of storage,no obvious change of TBARS value in breasts subjected to UHP treatment was observed.Breasts after UHP treatment had an increased pH when compared with untreated samples.UHP-treated breasts could not be distinguished from untreated samples in sensory quality.Therefore,UHP treatment can effectively extend the shelf-life of Nanjing salted duck,and will not result in an obvious change of quality index in Nanjing salted duck,thereby better maintaining original product quality and taste.
中国語における高次表意と文末表現について

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Bai(2006) discusses that higher－level explicatures are typically realized in sentence final particles in Mongolian and Japanese, and suggests that this may come from the same SOV word order． But there is a similar phenomenon in Chinese as an SVO language．\nIn this paper I discuss that sentence final particles do appear in Chinese and they are closely connected with higher－level explicatures． The phenomenon is similar to that in Mongolian and Japanese but quite different from that in English， which has the same word order as Chinese．
Optimal Receding Horizon Control for Finite Deterministic Systems with Temporal Logic Constraints

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we develop a provably correct optimal control strategy for a finite deterministic transition system. By assuming that penalties with known probabilities of occurrence and dynamics can be sensed locally at the states of the system, we derive a receding horizon strategy that minimizes the expected average cumulative penalty incurred between two consecutive satisfactions of a desired property. At the same time, we guarantee the satisfaction of correctness specifications expressed as Linear Temporal Logic formulas. We illustrate the approach with a persistent surveillance robotics application.
Studies in the Contract Laws of Asia: Remedies for Breach of Contract, edited by Mindy Chen-Wishart , Alexander Loke and Burton Ong [Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2016, ISBN 978-0-19-875722-1, 536pp, £75.00 (h/bk)]

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Studies in the Contract Laws of Asia: Remedies for Breach of Contract, edited by Mindy Chen-Wishart , Alexander Loke and Burton Ong [Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2016, ISBN 978-0-19-875722-1, 536pp, £75.00 (h/bk)] - Volume 65 Issue 4
The prognostic significance of coronary angiography in patients with coronary artery disease and normal resting electrocardiogram

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective:To investigate the features of selected coronary artery angiography(SCA)in patients with coronary artery disease(CAD)and normal resting electrocardiogram(ECG),so as to raise diagnostic levels of coronary heart disease.Methods:280 patients with angina pectoris and normal resting ECG were studied,their clinical data and results of SCA were analyzed. Results:Among all patients,94 cases(33.6%)anomaly in three ramification.Conclusion:For patients with CAD and normal resting ECG,the majority have multi-vessel,and the lesions are often found at the opposite side of each vessel. For single-vessel disease patients,the stenosis is usually mild to moderate.
Third opinion leadership for quality of financial decision making / Rikinorhakis Ridzwan

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Third opinion is a leadership style that was adopted from Joni (2004) which relies on outsider’s opinion in influencing their decision-making process. There are three characteristics of third opinion proposed in this study, which are third opinion’s mind that is people with knowledge and high thinking level; third opinion’s relationship that is people based on personal trust and networking; and third opinion’s focus that is people who have idea, creativity and innovativeness. This research advocates that third opinion is contingent upon the relationship between leadership behavioral style initiated from Path-goal theory by House and Mitchell (1974) and Situational theory by Hersey and Blanchard (1977). Leadership style therefore is conceptualized based on four dimensions namely directive behavioral style, supportive behavioral style, participative behavioral style and achievement-oriented behavioral style. 211 data were collected from managers in different sectors through questionnaires survey. All results were obtained from SPSS (19.0) using four major statistical techniques which are factor analysis, reliability analysis, descriptive analysis and regression analysis.The findings indicate that third opinion for financial decision making is moderately important for Malaysian managers and has significant difference among leadership style. Regression analysis shows that the quality of financial decision is significant and positively related to leadership style. Third opinion’s mind and third opinion’s relationship act as pure moderator, while third opinion’s focus was found to be a quasi-moderator. For theoretical implication, the findings suggest that the inclusion of the moderating variable will further enhance the understanding of the differential impact of leadership style under various contexts of decision-making situation, in this case, the third opinion. For future research, it is recommended that differences relation to leadership styles should be studied more extensively to reach various kinds of comparative conclusions.
A Study of TMF Characteristics of Ni-Base Superalloy IN738LC

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

A gas turbine blade operates under severe conditions including high temperature, high speed rotation, and frequent starts and shutdowns. Under such operating conditions, a blade is exposed to a thermo mechanical fatigue environment. These conditions shorten the life of the turbine parts and reduce the reliability of the gas turbine. Therefore, research on the characteristics of blade material is necessary. In this study, thermo-mechanical fatigue (TMF) tests were conducted for IN738LC, which is base a material for turbine blades. Tests were conducted under both the IP (in-phase) and OP (out of-phase) conditions, and tests results were compared in terms of fatigue life. After obtaining the ε-N curves, additional TMF tests were conducted according to variations in fatigue life. The purpose of the TMF test is to observe the change in mechanical properties of materials damaged during TMF and how these relate to fatigue life. For this purpose, an indentation test was conducted and the relationship between hardness and fatigue life were obtained.
Limnophila aromatica Crude Extracts as Natural Emulsifiers for Formation and Stabilizing of Oil-in-Water (O/W) Emulsions

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This study mainly focused on the emulsifying performance of Limnophila aromatica crude extracts obtained by using different ethanolic aqueous solutions (0, 25, 50, 75, and 99.5% (v/v)). All Limnophila aromatica extracts (LAEs) were able to produce emulsions with a volume mean droplet diameter (d4,3) ranging from 273 to 747 nm, except for LAE-99.5 (3269 nm). Only the emulsion prepared by LAE-75 was stable during seven days of storage, without significantly changing droplet size (479–495 nm). The result showed that all LAEs could reduce interfacial tension varied within 12.5 and 16.1 mN/m at the soybean oil/extracts (1% w/w) interface. Compared to other extracts, LAE-75 did not contain the highest protein, saponin, and phenol content (4.36%, 20.14%, and 11.68%, respectively), but it had the lowest ash content (14.74%). These results indicated that the emulsifying performance of LAEs did not rely only on interfacial tension and/or surface-active compounds. The residual demulsifiers, such as inorganic substances, were also significantly involved in the emulsions’ destabilization. Finally, the emulsion consisting of 0.5% (w/w) LAE-75 and 5% (w/w) soybean oil showed considerable stability during storage up to 30 days at different temperatures (5 or 25 °C). Therefore, Limnophila aromatica extract has a potential application as a new source of natural emulsifier.
Flight demonstration of redundancy management algorithms for a skewed array of inertial sensors

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Flight test results for two fault-tolerance algorithms developed for a redundant strapdown inertial measurement unit consisting of four 2-DOF gyros and accelerometers mounted on the faces of a semioctahedron are presented. Although both algorithms provided timely detection and isolation of flight control level failures, the generalized likelihood test algorithm provided more timely detection and isolation of low-level sensor failures than the edge vector test algorithm. The generalized likelihood test produced a false isolation for the case of a dual low-level failure applied to the sensitive axes of an accelerometer. Both of the algorithms were shown to provide dual fail-operational performance for the skewed array of inertial sensors.
The Soviet Union and Yugoslavia in the 1980s: A Relationship in Flux

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

From the 1960s into the 1980s literature dealing with the SovietYugoslav relationship primarily focused on the precarious and often-times conflictive positioning of these two socialist systems. 1 Yugoslav foreign policy has often been represented as something of a schizophrenic condition, pursuing a nonaligned course, yet still a member of a heterogeneous socialist world. Soviet foreign policy, on the other hand, has never quite been able to reconcile itself to independent socialist states, as implicitly expressed in the reality of the Belgrade Declaration of 1955.2 This admixture of policies has now had thirty-five years to mature or at least to be more certainly defined by its creators. The question that continually confronts the analyst is whether or not such maturity has been attained. If not, how could this still-unique relationship be more accurately characterized?
Gilman, Charlotte Perkins (1860–1935)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Gilman was born on 3 July 1860 in Hartford, Connecticut, and died on 17 August 1935 in Pasadena, California. Known worldwide as a feminist theorist and a generally iconoclastic social critic, Gilman was a major intellectual force in America at the turn of the 20th century. Largely self-educated, problems with her first marriage led her to separate from her first husband and begin an unconventional freelance life based in California, earning her living from her lecturing and writing. Women and Economics (1898) was her first book-length exposition of her theory of the evolution of gender relations. Influenced by the ideas of Edward Bellamy, Lester Frank Ward, Darwin, the Webbs and G. Bernard Shaw, she explained that human institutions (like the species itself) has evolved over time, favouring the survival of the best adapted. A major exception, however, was the definition of ‘women’s place’. Here social development had been frozen by Tradition. Women were confined to households which were no longer the locus of any socially productive activity, since now the factory produced the needed consumption goods, and children were better raised in schools, by professionals. The role of full-time housewife and mother had become anachronistic, reducing women to the state of social parasites. As she also argued in her 1903 classic The Home that, for their own progress and for the progress of human civilization overall, women would have to leave these domestic prisons and take up socially useful work in the larger world of production. In the articles and didactic fiction that she wrote for her monthly magazine the Forerunner, she developed a wide range of startlingly rational ideas for social reorganization.
INCREASED B7 EXPRESSION BY ANTIGEN PRESENTING CELLS FROM AFRICAN-AMERICANS

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

135 Despite the increased incidence of transplant rejection and inferior allograft outcomes in African-Americans (AA), few studies have addressed the issue of racial differences during antigen presentation. Here we report the results of a preliminary investigation of racial diversity in co-stimulatory responses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from healthy adult AA (n=8) compared to Caucasian (CS, n=8) volunteers. PBMC isolated by ficol-hypaque density gradient centrifugation and analyzed using flow cytometry demonstrated significantly higher expression of CD80 (B7-1) and CD86 (B7-2) in AA subjects (p < 0.05). Plastic adherent APC increased expression of B7 during culture, and cells from AA subjects continued to show higher expression of these molecules. Following in vitro stimulation with cytokines, there was a significant increase in the percentage of APC from AA subjects expressing high levels of CD80, and a trend towards higher expression of CD86 (Table). Finally, T cells purified by plastic adherence and complement lysis from AA volunteers demonstrated increased proliferation to tetanus toxoid (Stimulation index: CS 0.9 ± 0.1, AA 4.6 ± 2.1) and PHA (Stimulation index: CS 2 ± 0.3, AA 9 ± 3.2).TableAlthough based on a small sample, the consistent differences observed in APC characteristics, and the lack of significance when the data were analyzed by gender, suggest there may be a real racial variation in APC function. When considered beside recent reports on the importance of co-stimulation in the maintenance of long-term immune responses, this data may provide insight into one of the components of racial disparity in allograft outcome.
"Brain-Inspired Computing Research: DARPA HIVE Project for Developing Next-Generation AI Platforms"

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Andrey Molyakov* Author Affiliations Institute of information technologies and cybersecurity, Russian State University for the Humanities, Russia Received: August 06, 2021 | Published: August 18, 2021 Corresponding author: Andrey Molyakov, Institute of information technologies and cybersecurity, Russian State University for the Humanities, Russia DOI: 10.26717/BJSTR.2021.38.006124
AK cells were developed from NK cells during in vitro culture of allogeneic or F1 anti-parental stimulation: functional conversion in recognizing H-2 expression of target cells accompanied by phenotypical conversion.

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

In vitro sensitization of (CBA x A)F1 spleen cells for 3 days with allogeneic C57BL cells raised the killer activity to the NK-sensitive YAC-1 target. When (A x C57BL)F1 spleen cells were cultured with parental C57BL cells, the lytic activity to YAC-1, P815 and EL-4 targets occurred on Day 6 after the culture. Phenotypical analyses showed that these culture-activated killer (AK) cells were derived from asialo-GM1+Thy-1-NK cells; however, they expressed Thy-1 antigen but not asialo-GM1 antigen at the effector cell level. Generation of the AK cells was not evident in cultures of spleen cells from mice with a neonatally induced tolerance to stimulator antigen and in those from T-cell-depleted mice. The supernatant of allostimulated culture, which contained a low concentration of IL-2, rendered the above cells capable of evoking AK activity. The H-2-reduced target cells were sensitive to NK cells, but less sensitive to AK cells; on the contrary, the H-2 highly expressed cells (interferon-treated cells) were less susceptible to NK cells but highly susceptible to AK cells. Thus, the relation between NK susceptibility and susceptibility to AK cells is inverse. Our study shows that stimulation with lymphokines causes a functional conversion accompanied by a phenotypical conversion of NK cells. With reference to immunosurveillance, these observations lead to the idea that NK and AK cells represent two functionally distinct but complementary systems involved in cell-mediated immunosurveillance.
Beliefs Revealed in Bayesian-Nash Equilibrium

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Standard belief hierarchies are an insufficient description of uncertainty for the Bayesian-Nash Equilibrium (BNE) solution concept. Two states with the same belief hierarchy profile may have different sets of BNE action profiles, for many games. We construct new hierarchy profiles with explicit beliefs about payoff irrelevant signals. We show that BNE can be described within those hierarchy profiles and is characterized by Bayesian rationality conditions. We also show that those hierarchy profiles are minimal, revealed by the BNE play, in the following sense: if any two states differ on them, then there is a game for which they have different sets of BNE action profiles. 1
Atomistic simulations of out-of-equilibrium quantum nuclear dynamics

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The rapid advancements in ultrafast laser technology have paved the way for pumping and probing the out-of-equilibrium dynamics of nuclei in crystals. However, interpreting these experiments is extremely challenging due to the complex nonlinear responses in systems where lattice excitations interact, particularly in crystals composed of light atoms or at low temperatures where the quantum nature of ions becomes significant. In this work, we address the nonequilibrium quantum ionic dynamics from first principles. Our approach is general and can be applied to simulate any crystal, in combination with a first-principles treatment of electrons or external machine-learning potentials. It is implemented by leveraging the nonequilibrium time-dependent self-consistent harmonic approximation (TD-SCHA), with a stable, energy-conserving, correlated stochastic integration scheme that achieves an accuracy of $\mathcal{O}(dt^3)$. We benchmark the method with both a simple one-dimensional model to test its accuracy and a realistic 40-atom cell of SrTiO3 under THz laser pump, paving the way for simulations of ultrafast THz-Xray pump-probe spectroscopy like those performed in synchrotron facilities.
Permeability Characteristics of Improved Loess and Prediction Method for Permeability Coefficient

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Due to its unique geotechnical properties, loess presents itself as a cost-effective and energy-efficient material for engineering construction, aiding in cost reduction and environmental sustainability. However, to meet engineering specifications, loess often requires enhancement. Evaluating its permeability properties holds significant importance for employing improved loess for construction materials in landfills and artificial water bodies. This study investigates the influence of dry densities, grain size characteristics, grain size distribution, and admixture contents and types on the permeability of improved loess, focusing on the Malan and Lishi loess. The falling head permeability test was conducted to analyze how each factor affects the permeability of the improved loess. The findings indicate that the permeability coefficient decreases with increased dry density and admixture content. Conversely, it demonstrates a linear increase with the average grain size (d50), restricted grain size (d60), and the product of the coefficient of uniformity and coefficient of curvature (Cu × Cc). The primary influencing factor is the type of admixture, followed by Cc and d60. Furthermore, this study developed a predictive model for permeability using a support vector machine (SVM), surpassing the predictive accuracy of linear regression and neural network models. The model provides a robust prediction for the permeability of superior loess material.
Biological response modifier--immunotherapeutic approaches in pancreatic cancer.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Three principles of immunological approaches to cancer therapy are currently under investigation. First the administration of monoclonal antibodies, given either alone or with peripheral mononuclear cells and/or human gamma interferon. Another area of interest is adoptive immunotherapy by means of in vitro lymphokine-activated and propagated killer cells. Finally, human recombinant cytokines (interferons, tumor necrosis factors) have attracted clinical interest. The clinical data thus far available for pancreatic cancer will be briefly reviewed.