jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Activation of MAPKs in bronchial-epithelial NCI-H292 cells co-treated with extracellular Hsp70 and bacterial components or cigarette smoke extract

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Introduction: The main etiologic factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which is characterized by chronic airway inflammation, is cigarette smoking. Patients with COPD are susceptible to bacterial infections causing acute exacerbations. Extracellular Hsp70 (eHsp70) can act as damage-associated molecular pattern and activate immune cells via Toll-like receptors 2 and 4. Aims and objectives: The aim of this study was to examine the effects of recombinant human Hsp70 (rhHsp70) when present alone or together with bacterial components lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and lipoteichoic acid (LTA) as well as cigarette smoke extract (CSE) on activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) signalling pathways in bronchial-epithelial NCI-H292 cell line. Methods: NCI-H292 cells were treated either with rhHsp70 (0.3, 1.0 or 3.0 µg/mL), 0.1 µg/ml LPS, 1 µg/ml LTA and CSE (2.5% or 15%) alone, or with their combinations, for 30 min, 2 h, 8 h and 24 h. Expression and activation of MAPKs (ERK, JNK and p38) were determined by Western blotting method. Results: rhHsp70, LPS, LTA and their combinations caused activation of ERK, JNK and p38 MAPK, while rhHsp70 together with CSE caused activation of ERK and p38 MAPK in NCI-H292 cells, compared to the control cells. Extent of activation was dependant on concentration and time of treatment. Conclusions: eHsp70 as well as bacterial components (LPS and LTA) and CSE activate MAPK signalling pathways in NCI-H292 cells. Combined presence of eHsp70, LPS, LTA and/or CSE might lead to worsening of COPD patients' condition.
Colour gradients of low-redshift galaxies in the DESI Legacy Imaging Survey

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

ABSTRACT Radial colour gradients within galaxies arise from gradients of stellar age, metallicity, and dust reddening. Large samples of colour gradients from wide-area imaging surveys can complement smaller integral-field spectroscopy data sets and can be used to constrain galaxy formation models. Here, we measure colour gradients for low-redshift galaxies (z &lt; 0.1) using photometry from the DESI Legacy Imaging Survey DR9. Our sample comprises ∼93 000 galaxies with spectroscopic redshifts and ∼574 000 galaxies with photometric redshifts. We focus on gradients across a radial range 0.5Reff to Reff, which corresponds to the inner disc of typical late-type systems at low redshift. This region has been the focus of previous statistical studies of colour gradients and has recently been explored by spectroscopic surveys such as MaNGA. We find that the colour gradients of most galaxies in our sample are negative (redder towards the centre), consistent with the literature. We investigate empirical relationships between colour gradient, average g − r and r − z colour, Mr, M⋆, and sSFR. Trends of gradient strength with Mr (M⋆) show an inflection around Mr ∼ −21 ($\log _{10} \, M_\star /\mathrm{M_\odot }\sim 10.5$). Below this mass, colour gradients become steeper with increasing M⋆, whereas colour gradients in more massive galaxies become shallower. We find that positive gradients (bluer stars at smaller radii) are typical for galaxies of $M_{\star }\sim 10^{8}\, \mathrm{M_\odot }$. We compare our results to age and metallicity gradients in two data sets derived from fits of different stellar population libraries to MaNGA spectra, but find no clear consensus explanation for the trends we observe. Both MaNGA data sets seem to imply a significant contribution from dust reddening, in particular, to explain the flatness of colour gradients along the red sequence.
Chapter 9E. Severe myoclonic epilepsy in infancy (Dravet syndrome)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Severe myoclonic epilepsy in infancy (SMEI) is an epileptic syndrome with distinctive electroclinical features described first by Dravet1 and subsequently by many authors.2-7 The occurrence in a significant number of patients of a similar electroclinical picture except for the absence of myoclonic seizures prompted the term ‘severe polymorphic epilepsy of infancy’.8,9 The Task Force on Classification of the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) has more recently recommended the name Dravet syndrome.10 The prevalence of Dravet syndrome has been estimated to be 1/20 0001/40 000 infants,11,12 and boys are more often affected than girls.
Learning on the Job? Employee Mobility in the Asset Management Industry

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

We present a new mechanism by which prior employment can influence transitions to other firms. We propose that some employees divert effort toward unproductive activities to learn about their own fitness for alternative employment. Based on the results of this costly learning experience, or “experiment,” some employees will transition into other firms or launch their own ventures, whereas others will remain at the incumbent firm. We develop a theoretical model to explicate these propositions and test them using four data sets from the mutual fund and hedge fund industries. We find evidence that managers who engage in excessive risk taking at mutual funds are subsequently more likely to join or start hedge funds, although there is little evidence that this risk taking is intended to signal quality to outside observers. Taken together, our findings suggest that learning about one’s own fitness for alternative employment, through experimentation on the job, is an important mechanism for enabling employee mobility. This paper was accepted by Lee Fleming, entrepreneurship and innovation.
Oral Contraceptive Hormones and Blood Coagulability

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A study was made on the effects of oral contraception on blood coagulability in women being treated with a variety of commercial preparations. The results were compared with those in a group of normal female controls and they were also contrasted with the effects of exercise on coagulability in normal women using the same techniques and with the results in patients with deep-vein thrombosis who presented during the period of the trial. It was found that oral contraceptives caused a rise in factor 7 levels significant from Month 3 onwards. No significant changes in cephalin times or antihemophili antihemophilic globulin (AHG) levels were recorded in the oral contraceptive group unlike the physiological changes found after physical exercise in normal women. Increases in factor 7 levels were detected also in a concurrent study of patients with deep-vein thrombosis but these were also associated with shortened heparin clotting-times not found in the women on oral contraceptives. It is considered that this increase in factor 7 levels which is also found in normal pregnancy and the postpartum state as well as in venous thrombosis is an undesirable side-effect of oral contraception. No woman in the study had been on treatment for more than 2 1/2 years and further study is necessary to determine whether different changes occur at a later date. In future investigations it should be determined whether all the preparations available are equally liable to produce raised factor 7 levels.
Molecular breeding of sporeless strains of Pleurotus ostreatus using a non-homologous DNA end-joining defective strain

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Gene targeting is useful to isolate strains with mutations in a gene of interest for efficient breeding. In this study, we generated msh4 or mer3 single-gene disruptant monokaryons using a Pleurotus ostreatus Δ ku80 strain for efficient gene targeting. Dikaryons of P. ostreatus Δ msh4 ×Δ msh4 or Δ mer3 ×Δ mer3 were isolated via backcrosses, and the number of basidiospores produced was measured. The number of basidiospores fell by an average 1/13.7 in the P. ostreatus Δ msh4 ×Δ msh4 dikaryons versus the P. ostreatus msh4 + ×Δ msh4 dikaryons, and 1/82.6 in the P. ostreatus Δ mer3 ×Δ mer3 dikaryons versus the P. ostreatus mer3 + ×Δ mer3 dikaryons. To demonstrate the effects of ku80 disruption, P. ostreatus Δ ku80 ×Δ ku80 dikaryon strains were isolated and no significant effects on basidiospore production were observed. Fluorescence microscopy showed meiotic progression was arrested during prophase I in the msh4 or mer3 disruptants. To our knowledge, this is the first report on molecular breeding of sporeless strains in cultivated mushrooms using an efficient method for targeted gene disruption.
Bondsmen and Bishops. Slavery and Apprenticeship on the Codrington Plantations of Barbados, 1710-1838. By J. Harry BennettJr. , [University of California Publications in History, Volume LXII.] (Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1958. Pp. xii, 176. $3.50.)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Bondsmen and Bishops. Slavery and Apprenticeship on the Codrington Plantations of Barbados, 1710-1838. By J. Harry BennettJr. , [University of California Publications in History, Volume LXII.] (Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1958. Pp. xii, 176. $3.50.) - Volume 16 Issue 1
A rare cause of aeroallergen-induced anaphylaxis: horse allergy.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Animal epithelia and saliva contain a substantial amount of aeroallergen material, causing both acute onset of symptoms related to hypersensitivity, and chronic inflammation of the airways leading to allergic rhinitis or asthma. Although allergy to horses is generally considered to be more prevalent in rural areas, sensitization to horse allergens is more frequent than might be expected in urban residents without any direct or occupational exposure to horses. However, horse allergy is seldom mentioned among animal-induced allergic reactions. Anaphylaxis due to horse exposure is reported even more rarely. Here, a pediatric patient with a hypersensitivity reaction after horse allergen exposure is reported, and the definition of the type of reaction is discussed, as it may be the whole set of locally induced multisystemic reactions that resembles anaphylaxis.
Intrarenal calcium in phosphate handling

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The intrarenal role of plasma ionized calcium (Ca), on fractional phosphate excretion (FE PO4) was investigated in dogs with control of parathyroid hormone (PTH). In series 1, acute thyroparathyroidectomy was immediately followed by a constant infusion of bovine PTH (0.01 U/kg per min). Subsequent calcium chloride infusions increased Cai in plasma phosphate and decreased in the percentage of ultrafiltrable phosphate. A 20% increase in Cai significantly increased FE PO4 by +3.82 +/- 0.97% (P less than 0.01) when infused intravenously and by +2.62 +/- 1.06% (P less than 0.05) when infused in the renal artery. In contrast, a 75% increase in Cai did not significantly change FE PO4. In series 2, dogs were thyroparathyroidectomized 18 h before experiments, and no PTH infusion was initiated. A bolus of bovine PTH (30 U/kg) increased FE PO4 + 8.9 +/- 0.9% (P less than 0.001) in hypocalcemic dogs, +19.1 +/- 4.4% (P less than 0.001) in normolcalcemic dogs, and +15.5 +/- 1.5% (P less than 0.001) in hypercalcemic dogs. We conclude that increases in plasma calcium potentiate the phosphaturic effect of PTH. This potentiating effect is attenuated in marked hypercalcemia by superimposed hemodynamic and/or metabolic changes.
SABA overreliance and physician visits in Canada

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are a treatment foundation of asthma. Patients may also use short acting beta-2 agonists (SABA) to relieve symptoms but SABA alone does not treat the underlying inflammation. Thus, overreliance on SABA may result in poor asthma control and higher health resource utilization (HRU). Objective: To describe the use of SABA and ICS, and characterize the relationship to HRU in Nova Scotia, Canada, from Oct 2016-Mar 2019. Methods: In this Canadian SABINA (SABA In Asthma) study (Cabrera CS, Eur Respir J 2020), individuals with ≥1 inpatient or ≥2 asthma-related outpatient visits and ≥12 months’ follow-up were identified within an administrative dataset (Health Data Nova Scotia). Poisson regression was used to determine the relationship between SABA use and outpatient visits, adjusted for age and sex. Results: A total of 5,295 patients were identified (mean age 41.7 (SD: 18.4)). Of these, 32.7% (95% CI: 30.4-35.0%) of patients with at least one claim for ICS and 27.8% (26.3-29.3%) of patients with no claims for ICS made ≥3 SABA claims/ year. Asthma-related outpatient visits increased significantly with number of SABA canisters used per year (p<0.01) independent of the number of claims for ICS and adjusted by age and sex (Figure). Conclusion: These data highlight the continued impact of SABA overreliance in Canada. These results support the GINA 2019 statement on the impact of SABA overreliance leading to increased HRU.
Outcomes after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation for childhood cerebral adrenoleukodystrophy: the largest single-institution cohort report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Cerebral adrenoleukodystrophy (cALD) remains a devastating neurodegenerative disease; only allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) has been shown to provide long-term disease stabilization and survival. Sixty boys undergoing HCT for cALD from 2000 to 2009 were analyzed. The median age at HCT was 8.7 years; conditioning regimens and allograft sources varied. At HCT, 50% demonstrated a Loes radiographic severity score ≥ 10, and 62% showed clinical evidence of neurologic dysfunction. A total of 78% (n = 47) are alive at a median 3.7 years after HCT. The estimate of 5-year survival for boys with Loes score < 10 at HCT was 89%, whereas that for boys with Loes score ≥ 10 was 60% (P = .03). The 5-year survival estimate for boys absent of clinical cerebral disease at HCT was 91%, whereas that for boys with neurologic dysfunction was 66% (P = .08). The cumulative incidence of transplantation-related mortality at day 100 was 8%. Post-transplantation progression of neurologic dysfunction depended significantly on the pre-HCT Loes score and clinical neurologic status. We describe the largest single-institution analysis of survival and neurologic function outcomes after HCT in cALD. These trials were registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT00176904, #NCT00668564, and #NCT00383448.
Eradication of the Citrus Black fly in Key West, Fla.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Journal Article Eradication of the Citrus Black fly in Key West, Fla. Get access Wilmoin Newell, Wilmoin Newell State Plant Board of Florida, Gainesville Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Arthur C. Brown Arthur C. Brown State Plant Board of Florida, Gainesville Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Economic Entomology, Volume 32, Issue 5, 1 October 1939, Pages 680–682, https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/32.5.680 Published: 01 October 1939
Is there any influence of personality disorder on the treatment of social phobia?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The aim of the study was to asses the efficacy of the 6 week therapeutic program designed for social phobia (SSRIs and CBT) in patients suffering with social phobia and comorbid personality disorder (17 patients) and social phobia without comorbid personality disorder (18 patients). Diagnosis was done according to the ICD-10 research diagnostic criteria confirmed with MINI. Patients were treated with CBT and antidepressants. They were regularly assessed in week 0, 2, 4, and 6 on the CGI (Clinical Global Improvement) for severity, LSAS (Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale), and in self-assessments BAI (Beck Anxiety Inventory) and BDI (Beck Depression Inventory).
Broadband and low-reflection mid-infrared grating coupler for a perfectly vertical fiber-chip interface

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Short-wavelength mid-infrared (SWMIR) silicon photonics has gained significant attention due to its applications in sensing, spectroscopy, and communications. A perfectly vertical grating coupler is a valuable packaging technique that is convenient for chip-to-chip optical interconnects and has low risks of mechanical failure during testing. However, SWMIR grating couplers have fewer periods to tailor the diffracted light, hindering the improvement of bandwidths and backreflections. Herein, we demonstrate a perfectly vertical subwavelength grating coupler by using a modified inverse design approach. The device exhibits a coupling efficiency of −5.9 dB with a 1-dB bandwidth of ∼122 nm and a low backreflection of −19.2 dB at 2200 nm wavelengths. Besides, the device also exhibits exceptional spatial fiber misalignment tolerance. The study underscores the effectiveness of the inverse design strategy in subwavelength grating couplers, charting a path to advance the mid-infrared silicon photonic packaging.
Alterations During Retinal Degeneration in a Transgenic Rat

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Purpose: Retinitis pigmentosa includes a group of progressive retinal degenerative diseases that affect the structure and function of photoreceptors. Secondarily to the loss of photoreceptors, there is a reduction in retinal vascularization, which seems to influence the cellular degenerative process. Retinal macroglial cells, astrocytes, and Müller cells provide support for retinal neurons and are fundamental for maintaining normal retinal function. The aim of this study was to investigate the evolution of macroglial changes during retinal degeneration in P23H rats. Methods: Homozygous P23H line-3 rats aged from P18 to 18 months were used to study the evolution of the disease, and SD rats were used as controls. Immunolabeling with antibodies against GFAP, vimentin, and transducin were used to visualize macroglial cells and cone photoreceptors. Results: In P23H rats, increased GFAP labeling in Müller cells was observed as an early indicator of retinal gliosis. At 4 and 12 months of age, the apical processes of Müller cells in P23H rats clustered in firework-like structures, which were associated with ring-like shaped areas of cone degeneration in the outer nuclear layer. These structures were
OPPORTUNITIES AND PROSPECTS FOR INCORPORATING A THIRD DRUG TO THE TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS C

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In order to evaluate the efficiency and safety of using the drug Ingaron in treatment ofpatients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) an open, randomized, control comparative study has been performed. We examined of 132 CHC patients aged from 18 to 58 years. All patients were selected into 3 groups depending on the type of therapy. The following drugs: Ribavirin, Alfarona, Ingaron were included in regimens of therapy. The course of the disease in examined CHC patients was characterized by mild clinical symptoms, the presence of the expressed cytolytic syndrome more than in half of the patients (50.8%), high levels of «viral load» in 61.6% of patients with the establishment of a direct correlation between high ALT and viremia levels (r=+0,67). The average level of «viral load» in patients infected with no-1 genotype of hepatitis C, at the start of therapy was 1,4 times higher than in those with genotype 1, amounting to 1,8 x 106 and 1,3 x 106 IU/ml, respectively. Patients infected with HCV genotype 1 and receiving therapy with Ingaron for 24 and 12 weeks, achieved sustained viral response in 65,0% and 80,0% of cases whereas patients infected with «no 1» genotype - in 73,9%, and 84,6% of cases, respectively. At the same time, in patients from the control group the sustained viral response was observed only in 56,0% and 60,0% of cases (1 and «no 1» genotypes, respectively). The inclusion of Ingaron into the classical medical regimen was accompanied by a reduction in the incidence of adverse reactions during treatment.
Effects of Male Anxiety Chemosignals on the Evaluation of Happy Facial Expressions

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The communication of chemosensory alarm signals is well explored in mammals. In humans the effects of anxiety substances might seem to be less important due to their high-developed visual system, and their sophisticated ability to communicate via speech and body language. Nevertheless, an increasing number of studies suggest an effect of chemosignals of anxiety on human physiology and behavior. In the present study two kinds of human sweat were collected from 21 males during a bicycle workout and a visit of a high rope course, and were then applied to 15 different healthy male participants during an emotion evaluation task. Participants were instructed to rate emotional male faces of different morphing levels (neutral-happy) by using a visual analog scale under exposure of three different samples (exercise sweat, anxiety sweat, and control material). Our study revealed that men rated happy faces as less happy under the influence of anxiety sweat compared to the exercise and the control conditions; significant differences were demonstrated only for ambiguous emotional faces. In conclusion, chemosignals of anxiety comprised in human sweat are communicated between males; they diminish the evaluation of ambiguous happy male facial expressions in men and thereby influence the perception of emotional faces.
Purchase intention of frugal household appliances among generation y in Germany – modified tam approach

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Frugal innovations are characterized by a focus on the core product functions, high product quality, and the reduction of raw material and financial resources across the entire value chain. They were initially developed for people in emerging countries and focused on the unmet needs of people at the bottom of the pyramid (BOP). Different researches show that frugal innovations could also be interesting for people in industrialized countries. Existing literature indicates that customers in developed countries have different acceptance factors for frugal innovations than customers in emerging countries. The present study refers to this gap. For the first research, potential users of Generation Y from Germany are used. This generation comprised a large consumer group of more than 15 million people. They are characterized by their interest in sustainable products and social fairness. Household appliances such as washing machines, dishwashers, or coffee machines are used as a potential product group for frugal innovation in developed countries like Germany. They have been an integral part of daily life in industrialized countries for many years, but they are expensive and often highly sophisticated with many functions. The basis for the study is the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) expanded based on the literature. A total of 12 hypotheses were derived and combined into a study model. The subject of the research was Generation Y in Germany. For model testing, a dataset of 463 participants was generated through an online survey from December 2020 to January 2021. A multi-equation structural model was created and evaluated with the variance-based procedure PLS-SEM to analyze the relationships. The results confirmed that even in the case of frugal household appliances, the opinion of third parties influences the usefulness and the purchase intention in Generation Y. Furthermore, there was an influence of environmental awareness on the attitude towards use. Despite the affinity for technological applications, the ease of use of a frugal household appliance was shown to influence the usefulness of frugal household appliances. Contrary to expectations, the performance expectations of household appliances and the possible price advantage did not influence usefulness within this consumer group. This study concluded with indications for future research approaches in this research area.