jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Multidimensional Economic Complexity and Fiscal Crises

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Recent studies highlight economic complexity's role in mitigating fiscal crises, often measured via an economy's trade structure. Trade, however, is just one facet of an economy's structure and omits critical innovative activities like research. Here, we investigate how a multidimensional approach to economic complexity-including both trade and research structures-relates to fiscal instability. By using data on over 230 national fiscal crises from 1995 to 2021 and hazard duration analysis, we assess how measures of trade and research complexity combine to explain crisis likelihood. We find that the interaction of complexity dimensions significantly reduces crisis probability, whereas individual indexes alone are not robust predictors. This suggests that economies focusing on a single dimension may be more vulnerable, thus highlighting the importance of balanced development across multiple areas. These findings offer valuable insights for policymakers aiming to enhance economic resilience and mitigate fiscal risks.
Stable bit formation in polyimide Langmuir–Blodgett film using an atomic force microscope

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Nanometer scale recording bits were stably fabricated in polyimide (PI) Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) films on atomically flat Au (111) surfaces using an atomic force microscope (AFM). The bits are written by voltage application through the AFM probe only until the conductance increases. This method eliminates the influence of the variation in the transition time and therefore the degradation of the tip of the probe. 1 Mbit stable writing can be realized. The overall error rate is less than 2×10−3. The results show that an AFM based memory system with PI LB films is a hopeful candidate to realize a scanning probe microscope based memory system.
AtomChase: Directed search towards atomicity violations

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Atomicity violation is one of the main sources of concurrency bugs. Empirical studies show that the majority of atomicity violations are instances of the three-access pattern, where two accesses to a shared variable by a thread are interleaved by an access to the same variable by another thread. We present a novel approach to atomicity violation detection that directs the execution towards three-access candidates. The directed search technique comprises two parts: execution schedule synthesis and directed concurrent execution that are based on constraint solving and concolic execution. We have implemented this technique in a tool called AtomChase. In comparison to five previous tools on 22 benchmarks with 4.5 million lines of Java code, AtomChase increased the number of three-access violations found by 24%. To prevent reporting false alarms, we confirm the non-atomicity of the found execution traces. We present and prove sufficient conditions for non-atomicity of traces with the three-access pattern. The conditions could recognize the majority of 89% of the real atomicity violations found by AtomChase. Checking these conditions is more than an order of magnitude faster than the exhaustive check.
ACCURACY OF RANDOM SERUM CORTISOL IN DIAGNOSING SECONDARY ADRENAL INSUFFICIENCY

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

INTRODUCTION Adrenal insufficiency (AI) is defined as failure of the adrenal cortex to secrete adequate amounts of hormones. The Short Synacthen Test (SST) is a diagnostic test used to establish AI. Random serum cortisol may be a more practical and useful test for screening and diagnosing AI. The objectives of this study are to compare random serum cortisol with positive and negative SST and to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of random serum cortisol at different cut off values. METHODOLOGY This is a 5-year retrospective study performed at three tertiary centers. A total of 111 subjects who underwent SST were identified. Primary AI was excluded in this study. Primary and secondary AI were differentiated based on serum ACTH. Positive SST refers to a patient who has confirmed diagnosis of secondary AI based on SST. Random serum cortisol was defined as a serum cortisol sample drawn at presentation. The association between random serum cortisol and positive SST levels were analysed through an independent sample T test. Diagnostic accuracy was evaluated by a receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis. Cut of values of random serum cortisol were determined using Youden Index. RESULTS Of the 111 patients who underwent SST, only 103 patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria, and 53 (51%) were confirmed to have secondary AI. Mean random serum cortisol for positive SST was 143.86 ± 105.68 nmol/L. The ROC curve for the model assessing the diagnostic accuracy had an area under curve of 0.72 (95%CI 0.62-0.82). The cut off levels of random serum cortisol for were <80 nmol/L and <100 nmol/L. The cut-off of <100 nmol/L was noted to have the highest specificity at 98%, while optimal baseline serum cortisol of >400 nmol/L had the highest sensitivity at 98.1% CONCLUSION A random serum cortisol of <100 nmol/L is highly specific and very strongly associated with secondary AI.
Identification power line sections with increased electricity losses using sensors with Wi-Fi technology for data transmission

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Modern highly mechanized and electrified agriculture places high demands on power supply reliability and uninterrupted work. To increase the reliability of power supply to agricultural consumers, in some cases, taking into account the configuration of electric distribution networks and the availability of responsible consumers, a conditionally closed ring network is created. Interruptions in power supply lead to downtime of agricultural production, a decrease in the volume of output, damage to the main technological equipment [1, 2]. In this regard, there is a need to make informed decisions on the choice of ways to increase the reliability of uninterrupted power supply due to the reservation of various elements of the power supply system, improving the organization of maintenance, and the operational diagnostics of faulty elements.
QCD corrections at subleading power for inclusive nonleptonic $b\rightarrow c\bar u d$ decays

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

In this paper we compute the NLO QCD corrections for the inclusive nonleptonic decay rates of $B$-hadrons at subleading power of the heavy quark expansion. In particular, we discuss the coefficient of the chromomagnetic moment parameter $μ_G$ which has a large uncertainty at leading order due to its dependence on the renormalization scale. We find that the renormalization-scale dependence of this coefficient is significantly reduced, thereby reducing the theoretical uncertainty of the coefficient and consequently of the rates. The sign of the coefficient becomes stable, and we estimate that the NLO corrections will increase the decay rates by around $2\%$.
Macrococcus

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Ma.cro.coc'cus. Gr. adj. macrus large; Gr. masc. n. kokkos a grain or berry; N.L. masc. n. Macrococcus a large coccus. Cells are spherical or coccoid , 0.74–2.5 µm in diameter, occurring mostly in pairs and tetrads or in irregular clusters. Nonmotile. Do not form endospores. Gram‐stain‐positive. Metabolism is mainly respiratory; growth is chemo‐organotrophic and only marginally facultatively anaerobic. Catalase ‐ and oxidase‐positive . Resistant to bacitracin and lysozyme and susceptible to furazolidone. Do not produce acid from D ‐cellobiose. DNA G + C content ( mol %): 38–45. Type species : Macrococcus equipercicus Kloos, Ballard, George, Webster, Hubner, Ludwig, Schleifer, Fiedler and Schubert 1998a, 873 VP . Taxonomic and Nomenclature Notes According to the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN), the taxonomic status of the genus Macrococcus is: correct name (last update, February 2025) * . LPSN classification: Bacteria / Bacillati / Bacillota / Bacilli / Caryophanales / Staphylococcaceae / Macrococcus The genus Macrococcus can also be recovered in the Genome Taxonomy Database (GTDB) as g__Macrococcus (version v220) ** . GTDB classification: d__Bacteria / p__Bacillota / c__Bacilli / o__Staphylococcales / f__Staphylococcaceae / g__Macrococcus * Meier‐Kolthoff et al. ( 2022 ). Nucleic Acids Res , 50 , D801 – D807 ; DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab902 ** Parks et al. ( 2022 ). Nucleic Acids Res , 50 , D785 – D794 ; DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab776
Loop 2 ofLimulusMyosin III Is Phosphorylated by Protein Kinase A and Autophosphorylation

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Little is known about the functions of class III unconventional myosins although, with an N-terminal kinase domain, they are potentially both signaling and motor proteins. Limulus myosin III is particularly interesting because it is a phosphoprotein abundant in photoreceptors that becomes more heavily phosphorylated at night by protein kinase A. This enhanced nighttime phosphorylation occurs in response to signals from an endogenous circadian clock and correlates with dramatic changes in photoreceptor structure and function. We seek to understand the role of Limulus myosin III and its phosphorylation in photoreceptors. Here we determined the sites that become phosphorylated in Limulus myosin III and investigated its kinase, actin binding, and myosin ATPase activities. We show that Limulus myosin III exhibits kinase activity and that a major site for both protein kinase A and autophosphorylation is located within loop 2 of the myosin domain, an important actin binding region. We also identify the phosphorylation of an additional protein kinase A and autophosphorylation site near loop 2, and a predicted phosphorylation site within loop 2. We show that the kinase domain of Limulus myosin III shares some pharmacological properties with protein kinase A, and that it is a potential opsin kinase. Finally, we demonstrate that Limulus myosin III binds actin but lacks ATPase activity. We conclude that Limulus myosin III is an actin-binding and signaling protein and speculate that interactions between actin and Limulus myosin III are regulated by both second messenger mediated phosphorylation and autophosphorylation of its myosin domain within and near loop 2.
GROUND MOTIONS RECORDED AT BOTH ENDS OF LONG SUSPENSION BRIDGE DURING EARTHQUAKE NEAR AWAJISHIMA ON APRIL 13, 2013

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

2013年4月13日午前5時33分頃,淡路島付近を震源とするマグニチュード6.3の地震が発生した.防災科学技術研究所のK-NETやKiK-net, あるいは気象庁など,淡路島内の多くの場所で複数の機関により強震観測記録が得られた.著者らは,淡路島と四国を結ぶ大鳴門橋(吊橋,橋長1629m)両端の岩盤サイトにおいて,長年にわたり強震観測を行ってきたが,今回の地震動の観測に成功した.長大橋の地震応答を考える上での課題の1つに,単一の構造物に異なる地震動が入力として与えられる問題がある.大鳴門橋での観測記録は,観測事実に基づく1つの解を与えるもので大変貴重である.本研究では,大鳴門橋両端の岩盤サイトで観測された複数の地震動を用いて,位相速度の推定を行った結果,3000~5000(m/s)程度の値が得られた.
Primary pulmonary diffuse large B cell lymphoma presenting as a left lower lobe mass: A case report and literature review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Primary pulmonary diffuse large B cell lymphoma (PPDLBCL) is extremely rare neoplasm representing only 0.5–1% of primary pulmonary malignancies. Patients usually have non-specific clinical presentation and radiologic findings which makes it a challenging diagnosis. Case Report: We report the case of an 82-year-old man presenting with cough and unintentional weight loss. Chest computed tomography (CT) showed an infra-hilar left lower lobe mass with a mediastinal subcarinal lymph node. Tissue sampling by endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) resulted in the diagnosis of primary pulmonary diffuse large B cell lymphoma. He was started on R-CHOP chemotherapy regimen (rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone) and attained complete remission after 2 cycles. Conclusion: The findings from this case indicate that primary pulmonary diffuse large B cell lymphoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of primary pulmonary masses.
Delayed Fixed Drug Eruption Caused by S-Carboxymethyl-L-Cysteine (Mucodyne): A Case Report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

症例は40歳の女性。5ヵ月前耳鼻科より処方されたリゾチーム塩酸塩，S-カルボキシメチル-L-システイン（SCMLC，商品名ムコダイン®），デキストロメトルファン臭化水素酸塩水和物（メジコン®）を内服し，2日後に上口唇のそう痒，ピリピリ感が出現した。2010年3月当科を受診した。初診時上口唇に色素沈着性の爪甲大の局面を認めた。固定薬疹を疑い，各薬剤について1週間に1剤の内服誘発テストを施行した。SCMLC内服3日後に色素沈着部のそう痒，紅斑を認め，陽性と判定した。SCMLCの薬疹を疑った場合，遅発性となる可能性を考慮し，内服誘発テストを施行する必要があると考える。
STI Co-infection Among HIV/AIDS Patients at H. Adam Malik General Hospital, Medan, Indonesia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Both HIV/AIDS and Sexually Transmitted Infection (STI) are transmitted through sexual activites making a parallel port of entry making the two condition increase the each other’s transmission which results as an impact to progression of HIV infection. This study aims to determine the characteristics of HIV/AIDS patients co-infected with sexually transmitted infections in H. Adam Malik General Hospital Medan between 2017 and 2018. This study is a descriptive observational study of 2422 HIV/AIDS patients attending H. Adam Malik General Hospital. Of those, 62 patients were diagnosed with STI coinfection. The majority of patients were male (85,5%) aged within the group of 25 – 49 years old (80,6%), had the level education of high school (88,7%), mostly were entrepreneurs (50%), and were single (59,7%). Most of the patients were already in their Stadium III (80,6%) clinical stage and had CD4+ count < 200/mm3 (51,6%). Condyloma acuminatum (35,5%) was found as the most common type of STI coinfection, and followed by Hepatitis B (33,9%).Based on anamnesis history, behavioral risk factors (66,1%) was the most frequent risk factor
The effectiveness of psychotherapies in reducing further suicide attempts: a systematic review with meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

There is little evidence on the effectiveness of psychotherapeutic interventions in reducing new suicide attempts. This article aims to evaluate the effectiveness of psychotherapeutic interventions in reducing suicide attempts among patients with a history of previous attempts. We selected 17 articles from four databases: PubMed, Cochrane, APA PsycInfo and LILACS, in 2023. Six studies showed statistical differences that favored psychotherapeutic intervention at some point during the follow-up period. These psychotherapies addressed: problem-solving, hope induction, skills training. When comparing psychotherapy with usual care, a meta-analysis revealed an odds ratio of 0.41 (95 % CI, 0.17-0.99, p = .05) in the analysis up to 12 months of follow-up, and an odds ratio of 0.48 (95 % CI, 0.30-0.78, p < .001) after 12 months of follow-up. The results indicate the efficacy of these interventions in reducing additional suicide attempts, but they should be analyzed with caution, given the heterogeneity of the sample, treatments, and comparators. This review supports the development of prevention strategies indicated for patients who have attempted suicide.
Causes of Payment Problems in the New Zealand Construction Industry

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Payment delays and losses persist in the construction industry and continue to be a key concern to industry practitioners. Therefore an exploration of the key causes of payment delays and losses is undertaken in this study with the ultimate objective of seeking mitigating solutions. The study adopted a survey approach using an online questionnaire, administered to practitioners from the New Zealand construction industry, comprising consultants, head contractors and subcontractors. The data obtained was analysed using inferential statistical techniques, including comparing means and factor analysis. Factor analysis enabled clustering of the inter-related causes of payment delays and losses in order to find reduced number of causes. Accordingly, the study found that payment problems mainly relate to contractual issues, financial strength of industry players, disputes, short-comings of payment processes and ‘domino effects’. Among them, the financial strength of critical industry players was considered central to payment problems. The study concludes that any solution to these problems must address these primary causes, as a rational starting point. Thus procuring a feasible form of financial security at the outset of a project, and the pre-qualification of the financial status of critical project participants, were found to be significant in the mitigation of construction payment risks.Paper Type: Research article
Ezrin Ubiquitylation by the E3 Ubiquitin Ligase, WWP1, and Consequent Regulation of Hepatocyte Growth Factor Receptor Activity

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The membrane cytoskeleton linker ezrin participates in several functions downstream of the receptor Met in response to Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF) stimulation. Here we report a novel interaction of ezrin with a HECT E3 ubiquitin ligase, WWP1/Aip5/Tiul1, a potential oncogene that undergoes genomic amplification and overexpression in human breast and prostate cancers. We show that ezrin binds to the WW domains of WWP1 via the consensus motif PPVY477 present in ezrin’s C-terminus. This association results in the ubiquitylation of ezrin, a process that requires an intact PPVY477 motif. Interestingly ezrin ubiquitylation does not target the protein for degradation by the proteasome. We find that ezrin ubiquitylation by WWP1 in epithelial cells leads to the upregulation of Met level in absence of HGF stimulation and increases the response of Met to HGF stimulation as measured by the ability of the cells to heal a wound. Interestingly this effect requires ubiquitylated ezrin since it can be rescued, after depletion of endogenous ezrin, by wild type ezrin but not by a mutant of ezrin that cannot be ubiquitylated. Taken together our data reveal a new role for ezrin in Met receptor stability and activity through its association with the E3 ubiquitin ligase WWP1. Given the role of Met in cell proliferation and tumorigenesis, our results may provide a mechanistic basis for understanding the role of ezrin in tumor progression.
Theoretical investigation of flow over a cavity

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

How the vortex mechanism works is a problem in the area of fluid dynamics. This problem may arise in the area of aeronautics when there are bomb bays, open cockpits or escape hatches which act as cavities in the direction of the flow. This study focuses on the modeling Vortices are usually unsteady and this makes experimental analysis on them generally difficult. Thus, a theoretical study is a more relevant way of analyzing its mechanisms. The scope of this project is the study of fluid flow over different types of edges and these edges were combined to produce cavities of different geometries. The interactions of vortices with these geometries were then studied. The vortices were modeled by combining potential flows and converting them through a transformation into a physical plane. Different transformations were used to produce different edge shapes as well as cavity types. From the study, it was shown that a circular shaped edge will result in a smoothest vortex trajectory, followed by a plate edge and an elliptical edge. A higher starting position of a vortex was found to minimize the effect of the interaction edge. Having two and three vortices within the cavity was shown to result in chaotic trajectories. In the case of two vortices, having the starting points of the two vortices close to each other resulted in more entanglement of the trajectories. Having greater distance between the vortices resulted in less interaction between the vortices. Finally, the effect of rounding of the trailing edge was that the flow over the trailing edge became smoother as it took the shape of the curve of the edge.In conclusion, the effect of different edges and cavity types were studied and their effects were shown and this will allow for specific areas to be targeted in future studies.
Discussion on the Geological-Geochemical Characteristics and Prospecting of Copper-Polymetallic Deposit in Chayong Area,Qinghai Province

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The copper-polymetallic deposit in Chayong area is located in the Tongtianhe copper,lead,zinc mineralization subzone in Indo-chinese epoch of the north of Sanjiang copper polymetallic ore belt,Qinghai Province,and the tectonic position is Kekexili-Jinshajiang suture belt whose age is the Late Paleozoic-Early Mesozoic.It is an important ore-controlling structure for the NW-trending faults in the intense tectonic activity area.Through systematically carrying out the 1∶50 000 stream sediment survey and 1∶10 000 soil survey works,the author comprehensive analyzed the geological and geochemical characteristics,comprehended the distribution of elements and the combined features,and delineated the mineralization target in the area.Finally,combined with the geophysical methods,the morphology,shape and size of the orebodies were initially identified.Studies have shown that the area has good geological conditions,mineralization potential,and good prospecting potential.
Development of A Model for Detection of Saline Blanks Amongst Mangrove Species on Hyperspectral Image Data

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

In this study we apply hyperspectral imagery to identify saline blank patterns within the mixed mangrove forest of Sunderban Bio-geographic Province, West Bengal, India.We use derivative analysis to identify hyperspectral wavelengths that are sensitive to the presence of minerals comprising saline blanks.These wavelengths have been considered for development of a novel saline blank identification model.The wavelength showing derivative value with maximum absorption in the SWIR region at 1780 nm and maximum reflection in the red region at 690 nm has been extracted for development of saline blank index.This index has been compared with the existing salinity indices and a detailed analysis has been carried out.It is found that the index outperforms existing salinity indices -normalized differential salinity index and salinity index, and accurately detects the saline blank areas of Henry Island of the Sunderbans Delta.The accuracy of pixels identified as saline blank pixels has been assessed by comparing the overall accuracy with other existing indices.Physical sampling has also been carried out and the salinity results have been compared with the image-derived results.
Responding to the military coup in Myanmar: what business can and should do

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Multinational corporations are facing difficult choices in Myanmar after the military coup on 1 February. Anna Triponel and Paul R. Williams argue that companies must act boldly as a collective; failure to do so will be detrimental to their bottom line in the longer term. Corporations will be in the uncomfortable position of profiting during a time of collective political and human misery. The authors argue that, as companies decide to do business in a context such as this, they become part of the panoply of international actors and institutions that have a responsibility to seek to enhance human rights and rule-of-law standards.