jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Numerical Simulations Of Fire In Typical Air Conditioned Railway Coach

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Railways in India remain primary mode of transport
having one of the largest networks in the world and catering to
billions of transits yearly. Catastrophic economic damage and loss
to life is encountered over the past few decades due to fire to
locomotives. Study of fire dynamics and fire propagation plays an
important role in evacuation planning and reducing losses. Simulation
based study of propagation of fire and soot inside an air conditioned
coach of Indian locomotive is done in this paper. Finite difference
based solver, Fire Dynamic Simulator (FDS) version 6 has been
used for analysis. A single air conditioned 3 tier coupe closed to
ambient surroundings by glass windows having occupancy for 8
people is the basic unit of the domain. A system of three such
coupes combined is taken to be fundamental unit for the entire
study to resemble effect to an entire coach. Analysis of flame and
soot contours and concentrations is done corresponding to variations
in heat release rate per unit volume (HRRPUA) of fire source,
variations in conditioned air velocity being circulated inside coupes
by vents and an alternate fire initiation and propagation mechanism
via ducts. Quantitative results of fractional area in top and front
view of the three coupes under fire and smoke are obtained using
MATLAB (IMT). Present simulations and its findings will be useful
for organizations like Commission of Railway Safety and others in
designing and implementing safety and evacuation measures.
The Structure of the Noun Phrase in Northern and Southern Ewenki Dialects

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract The paper investigates the structure of Ewenki noun phrases, dealing with both their semantics and syntax. Whereas semantics are rather uniform cross-dialectally, there is considerable variation in syntax, especially regarding agreement patterns. As a rule, the more northern a dialect is the less agreement it exhibits within the noun phrase; besides that, cardinal numerals greater or equal to ‘2’ call for the modified noun in plural in rather Southern dialects, but for its unmarked form in rather Northern dialects. From a comparative point of view, it can be shown that the areal-typologically unexpected agreement within the noun phrase is probably the inherited pattern in (Northern) Tungusic languages, whereas the relevant Ewenki dialects lost it secondarily due to Turkic (Dolgan and Sakha) influence.
A genomic mutation signature predicts the clinical outcomes of immunotherapy and characterizes immunophenotypes in gastrointestinal cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract The association between genetic variations and immunotherapy benefit has been widely recognized, while such evidence in gastrointestinal cancer remains limited. We analyzed the genomic profile of 227 immunotherapeutic gastrointestinal cancer patients treated with immunotherapy, from the Memorial Sloan Kettering (MSK) Cancer Center cohort. A gastrointestinal immune prognostic signature (GIPS) was constructed using LASSO Cox regression. Based on this signature, patients were classified into two subgroups with distinctive prognoses ( p < 0.001). The prognostic value of the GIPS was consistently validated in the Janjigian and Pender cohort ( N = 54) and Peking University Cancer Hospital cohort ( N = 92). Multivariate analysis revealed that the GIPS was an independent prognostic biomarker. Notably, the GIPS-high tumor was indicative of a T-cell-inflamed phenotype and immune activation. The findings demonstrated that GIPS was a powerful predictor of immunotherapeutic survival in gastrointestinal cancer and may serve as a potential biomarker guiding immunotherapy treatment decisions.
Hypoglycaemia unawareness

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Hypoglycaemia unawareness can be a devastating complication in both types of diabetes. It is probably becoming more common as patients are urged to tighten their glycaemic control. The effects of improving glycaemic control on the background of increasing duration of diabetes are the main known risk factors for the condition. Antecedent hypoglycaemia diminishes physiological responses, and impairs the ability to identify further episodes, leading to a vicious downwards spiral and a high risk of further severe hypoglycaemic episodes. Fully established hypoglycaemia unawareness is thankfully rare, but difficulty in recognising the onset of hypoglycaemia is common. Therefore effective treatments to reverse or prevent hypoglycaemia unawareness are urgently needed. This review article examines the evidence around the pathophysiology of hypoglycaemia unawareness, and current therapeutic strategies. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons.
Hospital Income and Expense Ratios, 1951

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

A RECENT ANALYSIS of the income and expanse of nonprofit short-term general hospitals in the United States (1) shows that hospital size (in terms of number of beds) is directly associated with the number of services offered by the hospital. The number of different types of services offered is directly associated with expense per patient-day. When expense per patient-day is high, the hospital is most likely to find little surplus left after total expense is deducted from total income.
Principes d'un index des ruses

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

C. Bremond — Principles for an Index of Ruses. This article takes D. Paulme's typology (above, pp. 569-600) one degree deeper by attempting a formai analysis and classification of the trickster's stratagemes. These are considered as means towards ends, which differentiates the method from the Motif Index of Aarne & Thompson without contradicting it. The indexing code consists of a digital numeric group referring to the end of the ruse and a literal group referring to the means, the global code group representing the syntagmatic structure of the tale.
Effects of coastal structures on tsunami-induced flooding and hazard mitigation

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

In this study, the author followed the approach of wave model in uniform mangrove trees with constant water depth and solitary wave height, varying only the porosity and arrangement of mangrove models in a 42m long wave flume. Videos of wave motions were captured during the experiment. Experimental data were plotted into time-series graphs and analyzed together with the captured critical wave motions to evaluate the effect of porosity and arrangement on solitary wave height reduction. On top of that, in view of the recent Japan Tsunami disaster, experiment on the effect of porosity and arrangement of city buildings on the solitary wave run-up and inundation onshore were conducted and results were analyzed in similar approach as mentioned. Lastly, debris movements brought upon by long wave were captured using video camera. Debris movement characteristics were briefly analyzed and discussed with an overview on the coastal planning strategies in an attempt to minimize Tsunami debris impact.
Swiss Psilocybin and US Dollars

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Chapter 2, “Swiss Psilocybin and US Dollars,” turns to the situation in Switzerland where proto-countercultural experiments in living have blossomed since the beginning of the twentieth century without ever leading to the kind of aggressive confrontations that the United States experienced in the 1960s. The government official overseeing the comeback of hallucinogen research in this part of the world explains how he came to support this development, which he locates in a broader transformation of Swiss drug policy. The competitive advantage granted by a pragmatic technocracy is part of the reason how Franz Vollenweider’s laboratory in Zurich became the most important human research facility in the global assemblage of psychedelic science.
Development of Si-APD Timing Detectors for Nuclear Resonant Scattering using High-energy Synchrotron X-rays

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A timing detector with silicon avalanche photodiodes (Si‐APDs) has been developed for nuclear resonant scattering using synchrotron x‐rays. The detector had four pairs of a germanium plate 0.1mm thick and a Si‐APD (3 mm in dia., a depletion layer of 30‐μm thickness). Using synchrotron x‐rays of 67.4 keV, the efficiency increased to 1.5% for the incident beam, while the efficiency was 0.76 % without the germanium converters. A measurement of SR‐PAC on Ni‐61 was executed by using the detector. Some other types of timing detectors are planned for x‐rays of E>20 keV.
Unique Tryptic Peptides Specific for Bovine and\nHuman Hemoglobin in the Detection and\nConfirmation of Hemoglobin-Based Oxygen\nCarriers

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers (HBOCs) of bovine\nhemoglobin (Hb) or human Hb origin were developed for\nreplacement or augmentation of blood during transfusion\nand have the potential to increase oxygen-carrying capacity\nof circulating blood and thus improve tissue oxygen\ndelivery. Due to their potential for increasing oxygen-carrying capacity of circulating blood, they are excellent\ncandidates for abuse in human and equine athletes. To\ndeter athletes from blood doping with HBOCs such as\nHemopure and Oxyglobin (OXY), a method for detection,\nconfirmation, quantification, and distinguishing of HBOCs\nfrom native hemoglobin in test samples is needed. The\npurpose of this study was to identify unique peptides\nspecific for bovine Hb and human Hb that are useful in\nthe detection and confirmation of HBOCs in test samples.\nThe LC−MS chromatographic peak profiles of tryptic\ndigests from OXY, bovine Hb, human Hb, and equine Hb\nwere compared, and unique tryptic peptides specific for\nbovine Hb, human Hb, and equine Hb were identified.\nThe peptides specific for bovine Hb and OXY are related\nto bovine Hb α chain residues 69−90 and β chain\nresidues 40−58. The peptides specific for human Hb are\nrelated to human Hb α chain residues 63−91 and β chain\nresidues 42−60 and 68−83. The amino acid sequences\nof these unique tryptic peptides were confirmed by their\ncharacteristic MS/MS spectra. MS/MS spectra, b-ion\nseries and y-ion series, and LC retention time of the tryptic\npeptides are essential pieces of information for the\nunequivocal identification, detection, and confirmation of\nHBOCs. The results of this study provide useful and\ndefensible data on identification, detection, and confirmation of HBOCs of bovine Hb or human Hb origin. In\naddition, in-ESI-source fragmentation of tryptic peptides\nwas observed in this study. The fragmentation was undesired since it decreased intensities of the trypic peptide\nions, but it was helpful to elucidating sequences of the\ntryptic peptides thanks to the fragment peptide ions\nproduced from the fragmentation.
Effects of a clinical feedback system on client and therapist outcomes in a rural community mental health center

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This study was undertaken following the advent of managed care. Clinicians have been critical of managed care's use of utilization review and arbitrary session limits, claiming these restrictions have not allowed them to provide needed care to some clients. The study evaluated the Outcomes Questionnaire (OQ), a monitoring system that measures mental health symptoms and functioning (Lambert et al., 1996). Using this system, clients are assessed at multiple time points over the course of psychotherapy and compared to community samples; when clients are not improving or are deteriorating, adjustments in the treatment regimen can be made. The study was conducted in a community mental health center in a rural midwestem state with 127 clients measured at the initial time point, 77 at time 2, and 59 at time 3. Clinicians were randomly assigned to two conditions; 1) a feedback condition, where clients were assessed at each therapy session, the results graphed, and feedback given to the therapist; 2) a no feedback condition, where clients were assessed at each session, but no feedback given; and 3) a control condition, where clients received treatment as usual. All participating clients were assessed with multiple instruments at the initial session, after two months of therapy, and after four months of therapy. The results demonstrated the efficacy of providing mental health services by showing positive results on several measures of quality of life, including mental health symptoms, physical health symptoms, self-esteem, perceived stress, service utilization and work-related measures. The study sample was generally satisfied with the services, although level of
The wisdom of Japanese Acupuncture and Moxibustion gaining insight to body and mind

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

本シンポジウムは、 この度の学術大会で行われる東京宣言採択に向けて、 企画されたものである。 従って、 宣言書の起草案の骨子となる(1)日本鍼灸の歴史(2)現状分析(3)将来と課題について、 起草案を作成した東京宣言起草委員会の委員の代表にシンポジストをお願いした。 (1)の日本鍼灸の歴史については、 本シンポジウムの前に行われる教育講演を受けて、 特に日本の鍼灸発展に関して重要な事項を簡潔に説明いただいた。 (2)の現状分析については、 研究面と臨床面とに分け、 お二人の先生に解説いただいた。 (3)の将来と課題は、 歴史と現状分析を受けて、 現状の問題点を明らかにした上で、 今後如何に日本の鍼灸を発展させていくかを提案していただいた。 鍼灸医療に携わる諸兄にとっては、 現在の鍼灸の臨床、 研究並びに教育、 研修について少なからず課題をお持ちであると思料するところであるが、 個々の問題点は議論しても系統的且つ総括的に話し合う場は、 今までにはなかったかもしれない。 そこで、 このシンポジウムでは、 多くの方々から意見を頂戴した結果として、 歴史的事実や現状分析から課題となる問題点をできる限り抽出したものを報告した。 そして、 日本の鍼灸が将来、 今以上に広く汎用される療法となるためのひとつの方策を中心に検討し、 シンポジウムの結論とした。
Effects of storage temperature and time on clinical biochemical parameters from rat serum.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Serum is often frozen and banked for analysis at a later date. This study assessed the stability of 17 analytes in rat serum during refrigeration at 4 degrees C and extended storage at -20 degrees C (frost-free and nonfrost-free freezers) and -70 degrees C. Samples were analyzed by using an automated dry-slide chemistry analyzer at time 0 and then stored as aliquots for analysis at time points including day 7, 30, 90, and 360. After 7 d of refrigeration, only creatine kinase activity had varied by more than 10% of the starting value. Freezing at -70 degrees C was clearly superior to -20 degrees C where changes were observed in CO(2) as early as day 30 and alanine aminotransferase as early as day 90. Samples stored in frost-free and nonfrost-free -20 degrees C freezers did not differ significantly through day 90. Factors such as storage time and temperature should be considered when designing any retrospective study.
The Curing of Epoxy Resins (IV)

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

エポキシ樹脂の異節環状および芳香族第三アミンを硬化剤とする硬化の橋かけ速度と, 最適硬化条件を熱変形温度 (HDT) によって検討した。橋かけ速度は第三アミンの塩基性の強さの低下と共に遅くなり, 次の順となった。脂肪族第三アミン≫ピペリジン>α-ピゴリン>ピリジン≫N, N-ジメチルアニリン。しかし, これらの第三アミンも多量エポキシ樹脂に配合すれば, N, N-ジメチルアニリンを除けば, 本実験の範囲内で適当な橋かけ速度で円滑に硬化した。そして, その最適硬化条件は硬化温度が90℃で, ピペリジンで15mol%, α-ピコリンで21mol%, ピリジンで30mol%であった。この条件でのHDTはピペリジン, α-ピコリン, ピリジンでそれぞれ88℃, 115℃, 110℃であった。これらのHDTは脂肪族第三アミンの場合とほぼ同じかやや高いが, 他の触媒型硬化剤であるBF3-アミンコンプレックスやイミダゾール類に比べて低かった。
Pressure-phase diagram of UCoGe by ac-susceptibility and resistivity measurements

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

UCoGe is one of the few compounds showing the coexistence of ferromagnetism\nand superconductivity at ambient pressure. With T_Curie = 3 K and T_SC = 0.6 K\nit is near a quantum phase transition; the pressure needed to suppress the\nmagnetism is slightly higher than 1 GPa. We report simultaneous resistivity and\nac-susceptibility measurements under pressure on a polycrystal with very large\nsingle-crystalline domains and a resistivity ratio of about 6. Both methods\nconfirm the phase diagram established before by resistivity measurements on a\npolycrystal. The ferromagnetic phase is suppressed for P approximately 1.2 GPa.\nAstonishingly, the superconductivity persists at pressures up to at least 2.4\nGPa. In other superconducting and ferromagnetic heavy fermion compounds like\nUGe2 and URhGe, the superconducting state is situated only inside the larger\nferromagnetic region. Therefore, UCoGe seems to be the first example where\nsuperconductivity extends from the ferromagnetic to the paramagnetic region.\n
Numerical study of the coalescence-induced droplet jumping with macrotexture based on single-phase model

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The low energy conversion efficiency in coalescence-induced droplet jumping limits its potential for various applications, such as self-cleaning, anti-icing, and energy harvesting. Fortunately, it has been proven that this efficiency can be significantly increased through a sophisticated macrotexture design. In this study, we propose a single-phase model with a moving mesh to simulate the self-jumping process under a ridge. The effect of the ridge is realized by adopting a pointwise constraint on several surface nodes. This effective model is validated by experimental results of droplet velocity. In comparison with volume-of-fluid, a single-phase flow method enhances computational efficiency by at least 33.3%. The kinematics and dynamics of the self-jumping process have been investigated with respect to the influences of ridge height and Ohnesorge number. With the help of the radial distributions of velocity and internal pressure, the self-propelled process can be divided into coalescence-induced and lobe-induced stages. The high ridge brings more symmetry-breaking, accelerating the droplet in the coalescence-induced stage. In the lobe-induced stage, the slingshot effect is weakened under high Ohnesorge number due to the prolate shape caused by viscous dissipation. Moreover, the study's findings demonstrate promising application prospects for other ridge shapes, thereby expanding the potential practical applications of this research.
Are Urinary Levels of Free Light Chains of Immunoglobulins Useful Markers for Differentiating between Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Infection?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<i>Introduction:</i> Active systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and infection are often hard to distinguish. We evaluated the urinary levels of free light chains of immunoglobulins (urFLCIg) as a possible laboratory marker to differentiate those conditions. <i>Methods:</i> We evaluated 43 patients with lupus nephritis (16–63 years old), with or without concurrent infection (12 with infection), 14 with infectious disease without SLE and 20 with idiopathic Fanconi’s syndrome. The Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index was utilized to establish activity of disease. Levels of urFLCIg kappa and lambda were determined by an immunoenzymometric assay developed in our institution. In order to evaluate proximal tubular dysfunction which could be responsible for increased levels of urFLCIg, we determined the low-molecular-weight protein urRBP. <i>Results:</i> Levels of urFLCIg in healthy volunteers (median kappa 1.57 mg/l; lambda 0.96 mg/l), inactive SLE (5.36; 4.93) and active SLE (11.82; 23.59) were significantly different; urFLCIg levels or urFLCIg/urRBP ratios could not separate patients with infection from those with SLE. <i>Conclusion:</i> Our data show that convoluted proximal tubular dysfunction was not responsible for the increase in urFLCIg levels. UrFLCIg determination was useful in the detection of SLE activity, but was unable to distinguish activity from infection in this condition.
Study of Cause and Effect Relationship among Yield, Yield Contributing and Quality Traits in Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The present study was conducted during kharif-2014-15 with 37 genotypes to understand the association among the yield, yield attributing and quality traits in cotton. The experiment revealed that seed cotton yield had positive association with number of bolls per plant, boll weight and lint yield at both genotypic and phenotypic levels. Path analysis revealed that number of boll per plant and boll weight was showing negative direct effects at genotypic level and positive direct effects at phenotypic level. So that restriction selection is advisable for improving seed cotton yield. Whereas, the important quality parameters like 2.5 % span length and bundle strength recorded negative association with seed cotton yield but bundle strength showed positive direct effects direct selection for this trait may improve seed cotton yield. Whereas, 2.5 % span length registered negative direct effects, hence selection for increased yield may leads to decrease in 2.5 % span length.
1834. Implementation of the Core Elements of Outpatient Antibiotic Stewardship in Urgent Care Centers and Federally Qualified Health Centers in New York City, 2016–2017

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND: Studies suggest that 80% of antibiotics are prescribed in the outpatient setting and at least 30% of these prescriptions are unnecessary. In 2016, the CDC released the Core Elements of Outpatient Antibiotic Stewardship to provide a framework for outpatient facilities to reduce unnecessary antibiotic prescribing; but little is known regarding their implementation across various outpatient settings. METHODS: The NYC Department of Health and Mental Hygiene conducted voluntary on-site infection control assessments at 29 outpatient clinics in New York City in 2016–2017. Participants completed an 18-item questionnaire based on the facility checklist for the Core Elements of Outpatient Antibiotic Stewardship to assess implementation of the four core elements (CE), including (1) commitment, (2) action, (3) tracking and reporting, and (4) education and expertise (EE). Descriptive statistics summarized facility characteristics and frequency of reported interventions. RESULTS: Seventeen Federally Qualified Health Centers (FQHC) and 12 Urgent Care Centers (UCC) completed the questionnaire. All FQHCs had infection control (IC) policies and procedures vs. 75% of UCCs. Overall, 14 (48%) could demonstrate commitment; 16 (55%) implemented an action to improve antibiotic prescribing; 10 (34%) track and report on antibiotic prescribing; 15 (52%) provide EE to prescribers; 7 (24%) reported having all four CE in place. More facilities with a competency-based infection control training program or a designated stewardship leader had all four CEs in place compared with those that did not (86% vs. 14% and 71% vs. 29%, respectively). CONCLUSION: Though this sample represents only a small portion of these facility types in NYC, this is the first effort to assess stewardship practices in UCCs and FQHCs to our knowledge. We found that designating a stewardship leader appears to be an important step to implementing the CE. However, given that only a quarter of facilities had implemented all four elements, there is a clear need to further assess stewardship activities in the various outpatient settings to better understand the gaps and barriers to implementation. [Image: see text] DISCLOSURES: All authors: No reported disclosures.