jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Genetics of Melanomas in Xiphophorus Fishes

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Data are presented from studies on heritable melanoma formation in certain hybrids of Xiphophorus fishes. In the best investigated case, benign and malignant melanomas were caused primarily by hemizygous and homozygous loss, respectively, of a tumor suppressor gene that promoted final pigment cell differentiation, although additional genetic events may be of importance. In other melanoma cases, different genes, most of them presumably also tumor suppressor genes, have been implicated in the development of melanomas and may interact at other levels of pigment cell development, such as commitment, migration, or homing of pigment cell precursors. Importantly, genetic factors have been identified that do not allow melanoma formation despite the loss of tumor suppressor genes. Taken together, these findings stress the complexity of tumorigenesis and the heterogeneity of pathways that lead to cancers of the same histological type.
SYNTHESIS OF ENANTIOMERIC MIXED-ACID GLYCEROLPHOSPHATIDES: I.L-α-(α′-STEAROYL,β-OLEOYL)CEPHALIN ANDL-α-(α′-OLEOYL,β-STEAROYL)CEPHALIN

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

α′-Stearoyl,β-oleoyl L-α-glycerylphosphorylethanolamine and α′-oleoyl,β-stearoyl L-α-glycerylphosphorylethanolamine were synthesized by phosphorylating D-α′-stearoyl,β-oleoylglycerol and D-α′-oleoyl,β-stearoylglycerol with phosphorus oxychloride and quinoline, esterifying the resulting mixed-acid phosphatidic acid dichlorides with 2′-hydroxyethylphthalimide in the presence of pyridine, and removing the protective phthaloyl group of the α′-stearoyl,β-oleoyl-, and α′-oleoyl,β-stearoyl-L-α-glycerylphosphoryl-2′-hydroxyethylphthalimides by hydrazinolysis.
REVIEW: Behind the war on Gaza – how Israel profits globally from repression

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The Palestine Laboratory: How Israel exports the technology of occupation around the world, by Antony Loewenstein. Melbourne: Scribe Publications, 2023. 265 pages. ISBN 9781922310408. JUST MONTHS before the outbreak of the genocidal Israeli war on Gaza after the deadly assault on southern Israel by Hamas resistance fighters on 7 October 2023, Australian-German investigative journalist and researcher Antony Loewenstein published an extraordinarily timely book, The Palestine Laboratory. In it he warned that a worst-case scenario—‘long feared but never realised, is ethnic cleansing against occupied Palestinians or population transfer, forcible expulsion under the guise of national security’.
Assessment of Phytochemical, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activity of Balanites Aegyptiaca and Curcuma Longa against Some Bacterial Pathogens Isolated from Dairy Cow Infected with Mastitis

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Bovine mastitis is very important disease threatening the dairy industry and animal wealth globally, resulting in great economic losses.The present work was aimed to assess the phytochemical components, antioxidant activity and the antibacterial effectiveness of Balanites aegyptiaca fruits (BAF) and Curcuma longa powder (CLP) extracts.A total of 287 quarter milk samples were collected from dairy cows raised in four different governorates of Egypt; 95 from clinical mastitis, 37 from subclinical mastitis and 155 from normal milk samples.The isolates from milk samples were identified and differentiated by microbiological cultures, colony morphology, hemolytic activity of the colony, Gram's stain and biochemical tests.Antibacterial activity of the aqueous extract of BAF (AE-BAF) and ethanolic extract of CLP (EE-CLP) at different concentrations were investigated against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria isolated from clinical and subclinical mastitic cows using agar well diffusion technique.The isolated bacteria from collected milk samples were Staphylococcus aureus (30.30%),Escherichia coli (28.03%),Streptococcus agalactiae (19.70%),Salmonella spp.(10.60%),Bacillus subtilis (6.06%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (3.03%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2.27%).Preliminary phytochemical screening of AE-BAF indicated the presence of flavonoids, saponins, tannins, phenols, carbohydrate, cardiac glycoside, terpenoids and steroids.Except the cardiac glycoside, the EE-CLP contains the same components.The antioxidant efficacy of the tested plant extracts was evaluated by using free radical scavenging assay method.The AE-BAF and EE-CLP posses 86.6% and 85.9% free radical scavenging activity with 1.5 and 0.125 mg /ml concentrations, respectively.The AE-BAF possess significant antibacterial activity at 400 and 800 mg/ml against all isolates, except K. pneumoniae which was not suppressed at the 400 mg/ml concentration.The significant (P ≤ 0.05) antibacterial activities of EE-CLP were observed at 20 and 50 mg/ml concentrations.It could be concluded that AE-BAF and EE-CLP exhibited potent in-vitro antibacterial activities, thus justifying their application in treatment of clinical cases of bovine mastitis.
Nonlinear Optics Studies on the MAX IV Storage Rings

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The MAX IV Laboratory in Lund, Sweden, houses two electron storage rings operating at the energies 1.5, and 3 GeV. Both of these produce high-brilliance synchrotron radiation for beamline users. While the 1.5 GeV storage ring is a conventional third generation storage ring, employing a double-bend achromat structure, the MAX IV 3 GeV ring is the first realised fourth generation synchrotron. This ring employs a 7-bend achromat lattice structure to achieve a horizontal emittance of a few hundred pmrad. The multi-bend achromat design is the basis for many fourth generation synchrotron light sources. These lattice designs often require strong non-linear magnets in order to achieve their desired performance in terms of momentum acceptance and dynamic aperture, which in turn is needed to achieve the requirements in terms of beam lifetime and injection efficiency. The MAX IV 3 GeV storage ring itself is no exception, as it has a large number of chromatic sextupoles designed to minimize quadratic chromaticity. It also employs largely harmonic octupoles to minimise the amplitude-dependent tune shifts. Because of the high requirements of the fourth generation storage rings' non-linear magnets, it is of general interest to find schemes which allow for accurate tuning of these elements, as well as the characterisation of the non-linear optics of the accelerator. Schemes of these types are already well established when dealing with the linear optics of a storage ring, and need now be developed further for the non-linear case. This thesis presents schemes and results regarding the characterisation, correction, and optimisation of the non-linear optics of the MAX IV storage rings. These studies are mainly focussed on the MAX IV 3 GeV ring, but are aimed to be general enough that they can be applied on most fourth or third generation storage rings. This thesis also presents a specific case of the non-linear dynamics of a storage ring, where its properties are used to achieve pseudo single bunch through transverse resonance island buckets.
Hispaniolanthus: A New Genus of Capparaceae Endemic to Hispaniola

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Hispaniolanthus (Capparaceae), a new genus segregated from Capparis, is described and illustrated. It is characterized by short simple hairs, minute stipules, spiral phyllotaxy, juvenile individuals with linear leaf blades, mature individuals with their young leaves conduplicate, flowers axillary and subterminal, solitary and/or rarely paired, without peduncles and on remarkably long-pedicels. The calyx is decussate with closed aestivation, bearing sepals similar in size to that of the petals, four erect to divergent nectary scales, and ca. 30 to 45 stamens on short filaments, 1.5–2.0 cm long. Hispaniolanthus is a monospecific genus known only from dry forests of western Haití, facing the Island of Gonaïves. It is represented by the new combination herewith transferred from Capparis: Hispaniolanthus dolichopodus. Its putative relationships with the morphologically closer genera of Capparaceae are discussed.
Differential expression with the Bioconductor Project

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract A basic, yet challenging task in the analysis of microarray gene expression data is the identification of changes in gene expression that are associated with particular biological conditions. We discuss different approaches to this task and illustrate how they can be applied using software from the Bioconductor Project. A central problem is the high dimensionality of gene expression space, which prohibits a comprehensive statistical analysis without focusing on particular aspects of the joint distribution of the genes' expression levels. Possible strategies are to do univariate gene‐by‐gene analysis, and to perform data‐driven nonspecific filtering of genes before the actual statistical analysis. However, more focused strategies that make use of biologically relevant knowledge are more likely to increase our understanding of the data.
INFLUENCE OF CHLORIDES AND HYDROXIDES OF CALCIUM AND SODIUM ON CONSISTENCY LIMITS OF A FAT CLAY

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

DATA ARE PRESENTED TO SHOW THE RELATIVE EFFECTS OF VARIOUS QUANTITIES OF SODIUM CHLORIDE, CALCIUM CHLORIDE, SODIUM HYDROXIDE, AND CALCIUM HYDROXIDE ON THE LIQUID LIMIT, PLASTIC LIMIT, SHRINKAGE LIMIT, AND PH VALUE OF A HIGHLY PLASTIC FAT CLAY. VALUES WERE OBSERVED IMMEDIATELY AFTER TESTING AND AFTER PERIODS OF 1, 4, AND 18 MONTHS. THE MECHANISMS BY WHICH THE ADDITIONS OF SALTS MAY INFLUENCE CONSISTENCY PROPERTIES OF CLAY THAT ARE DISCUSSED INCLUDE (1) THE PHYSICAL PRESENCE OF THE ADDITIVE, (2) THE EFFECT ON SURFACE TENSION, (3) CHANGES IN VISCOSITY IN THE AQUEOUS PHASE, (4) PROMOTION OF CATION EXCHANGE, (5) EFFECT OF QUANTITIES OF ADDITIVE ON FLOCCULATION AND HYDRATION, AND (6) EFFECT OF SOIL BACTERIA. CONCLUSIONS DRAWN FROM THE DATA COMPARE THE ESSENTIAL DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE RESULTS OBTAINED WITH THE DIFFERENT ADMIXTURES. /AUTHOR/
Arsenic in Soils, Mine Tailings, and Former Industrial Sites

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Much progress has recently been made on the relation between the crystal chemistry of arsenic and its speciation and distribution at the Earth's surface. The investigation of As-impacted soils and acid mine drainages, using synchrotron-based techniques, shows the importance of As adsorption on, or coprecipitation with, hydrous ferric oxides in delaying the long-term impact of As on the biosphere. Arsenic mobility often depends on bacterial activity, with accompanying major seasonal modifications of As speciation, even at extreme As concentrations. Remediation technologies use geochemical affinities between arsenic and specific low-temperature phases to reduce the bioavailability of arsenic.
Post-Harvest Activities And Marketing Of Cassava In Obudu Local Government Area, Cross River State, Nigeria

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The performance of post-harvest activities on agricultural produce by farmers could reduce their forceful disposal of produce to consumers at cheap prices at the farm gate level as a result of absence of organized markets for the sale of agricultural produce at the moment. This study determined the relationship between post-harvest activities and marketing of cassava in Obudu local Government Area, Cross River State, Nigeria. In specific terms, the study determined the socioeconomic characteristics of respondents and relationship between transportation, processing, storage and marketing of cassava in the study area. Four research questions were answered and the correlational research design was used. The sample size for the study was126 comprising 112 registered cassava farmers and 14 processors. Quantitative and qualitative approaches were used to collect the data. A 25-item structured questionnaire was used in collecting the quantitative data, while focused group discussions (FGD) was used for generating qualitative data. Face validity of the instrument was done by three experts and Cronbach Alpha reliability index of 0.76 was obtained. Data collected was analyzed using percentages to answer research question one and Pearson Product Moment Correlation analysis to answer research questions 2-4. The study found out that a moderate relationship exists between transportation, processing and marketing of cassava while a weak relationship existed between storage and marketing of cassava. It was concluded that a positive relationship exists between post-harvest activities and marketing of agricultural produce and recommended among others things thathe extension outreach programme of the Ministry of Agriculture should encouraged farmers and other stakeholders in the agricultural production value chain to adopt appropriate post-harvest activities in the handling of agricultural produce generally and cassava in particular
Technological methods for pavement block repairs in road bridges

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Pavement block is a part of bridge a bridge superstructure. During the service life damage accumulates and there is need to repair. The aim of the article is to discuss the types of pavement blocks and to present the results of a study on the most common design solutions for realisation of the repair works. Factors influencing the choice of construction technology are systematized. Information about novelty formwork solutions and types of equipment for working at heights in Bulgaria is provided. A particular example of a bridge structure is presented and a conclusion is drawn regarding the preferred method of work in our country.
Screening of Heavy Metal Resistant Bacteria Isolated from Hydrocarbon Contaminated Soil in Korea

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Four bacterial isolates were isolated from hydrocarbon contaminated soil collected in Korea. The isolated bacteria were tested for their heavy metal resistance using different concentrations of Pb 2+ at concentrations of 50, 50 and 10 mg L -1 , respectively. The resistant bacterium was identified as Bacillus megaterium X4 based on its 16S rRNA. Overall, the results of this study suggest that Bacillus megaterium X4 can be used to remediate heavy metals from hydrocarbon contaminated soils.
SH006261.07FU

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.
What elements of engineering curricula do graduates really value? - A reflective survey

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

When designing a curriculum, engineering academics have a number of influencers shaping the process including student expectations, accrediting body requirements and the needs of employers in filling often very diverse graduate roles. They also consider modes of teaching which often balance best practice and resource constraints. Feedback from accreditation visits, module questionnaires and industrial advisory boards help iterate and revise the curriculum, etc. and while these are useful, they may often be indirect or inappropriate measures of the effectiveness of our programmes in the workplace. An area the sector in general has less hard information on are reflections of graduates on specific elements of their undergraduate learning experience once in industry. The survey presented here is part of a wider mixed methods approach which will also involve initial destination data and interviews with graduates. The work presented here is based on a survey of selected graduates from a particular degree family over the past decade. The curriculum has been broken down into five areas typical of many degrees; traditional engineering science, applied engineering skills (eg. CAD, Quality), internship, group design build and test projects and their individual thesis project with graduates asked to reflect on the impact and value of each of these on their subsequent working life as a graduate engineer.
Pedagogies of Hope (with Feathers)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

At the heart of Issue 1 Volume 28 is pedagogy and hope. It is a reminder of Paulo Freire's ‘Pedagogy of Hope: Reliving Pedagogy of the Oppressed’ . As Freire eloquently articulates: Without hope, we are hopeless and cannot begin the struggle to change. To attempt to do without hope, which is based on the need for truth as an ethical quality of the struggle, is tantamount to denying that struggle one of its mainstays. (p. 8) Emilia Fägerstam commences this issue with a study about environmental education centre officers' and teachers' observations and perceptions of urban children and young people's experiences with/of/in nature. The study was situated in New South Wales, Australia, revealing some of the unique challenges in the Australian natural environment. Consistent with existing research and commentary, Fägerstam identifies that teachers perceive urban children and young people as having limited experience in nature, often mediated by fear and agitation. She echoes the increasingly identified need for nature to be readily and authentically experienced by children and young people at school and in their everyday lives, alongside a call for teacher education to incorporate outdoor education.
The von Willebrand Factor Facilitates Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease–Independent Risk Stratification on the Waiting List for Liver Transplantation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background and Aims The Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease (MELD) is used for clinical decision‐making and organ allocation for orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) and was previously upgraded through inclusion of serum sodium (Na) concentrations (MELD‐Na). However, MELD‐Na may underestimate complications arising from portal hypertension or infection. The von Willebrand factor (vWF) antigen (vWF‐Ag) correlates with portal pressure and seems capable of predicting complications in patients with cirrhosis. Accordingly, this study aimed to evaluate vWF‐Ag as an adjunct surrogate marker for risk stratification on the waiting list for OLT. Approach and Results Hence, WF‐Ag at time of listing was assessed in patients listed for OLT. Clinical characteristics, MELD‐Na, and mortality on the waiting list were recorded. Prediction of 3‐month waiting‐list survival was assessed by receiver operating characteristics and net reclassification improvement. Interestingly, patients dying within 3 months on the waiting list displayed elevated levels of vWF‐Ag ( P < 0.001). MELD‐Na and vWF‐Ag were comparable and independent in their predictive potential for 3‐month mortality on the waiting list (area under the curve [AUC], vWF‐Ag = 0.739; MELD‐Na = 0.764). Importantly, a vWF‐Ag cutoff at 413% identified patients at risk for death within 3 months of listing with a higher odds ratio (OR) than the previously published cutoff at a MELD‐Na of 20 points (vWF‐Ag, OR = 10.873, 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.160, 36.084; MELD‐Na, OR = 7.594, 95% CI, 2.578, 22.372; P < 0.001, respectively). Ultimately, inclusion of vWF‐Ag into the MELD‐Na equation significantly improved prediction of 3‐month waiting‐list mortality (AUC, MELD‐Na–vWF = 0.804). Conclusions A single measurement of vWF‐Ag at listing for OLT predicts early mortality. Combining vWF‐Ag levels with MELD‐Na improves risk stratification and may help to prioritize organ allocation to decrease waiting‐list mortality.
Molecular dynamics simulation of ion selectivity process in nanopores

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The behaviour of cations in nanopores plays an important role in transport processes in the biological and industrial membranes, porous electrodes, ion channels, and nanomaterials in general. Molecular dynamics simulations have been carried out to study the selectivity mechanism of nanopores by studying the ion permeation events through non-charged carbon nanotubes (10,0) which have an effective diameter of 0.4374 nm. We have investigated pure NaCl, pure KCl and equimolar mixture of NaCl and KCl (50/50) aqueous solutions. Our results show that a membrane of uncharged nanotubes of the appropriate diameter can select K+ against Na+ without the presence of external electric field or surface charges. The key to the ion selectivity is that Na+-H2O clusters are more stable than K+-H2O clusters, and Na+ ions have higher desolvation energy than K+ ions. When both Na+ and K+ are present in the same solution, there is a competition between the two types of cations and the nanotubes select K+ over Na+.We also studied the effects of temperature and pressure to find the conditions, which permit Na+ to permeate through the nanotubes. Keywords: ion selectivitypotassiumsodiumchannel Acknowledgements This research was supported by the National Science Foundation (grant CBET 0730026).
Synthesis of fast-operating devices for digital signal processing based on the numbertheoretic transforms

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The selection of special-form moduli and their corresponding primitive roots have been proposed, which provide for a simplified structure of arithmetic devices using number-theoretic transforms. A method for determining moduli has been developed that ensures a minimum number of arithmetic operations when performing the modulo addition and multiplication operations. The structures of special-form modulo adders have been developed and modeled, which make it possible to perform the addition operation as quickly as possible. The modulo adders for the Fermat, Mersenne, and Golomb numbers have been synthesized and tested, which could be used in the arithmetic units of high-speed correlators and filters.\n\nReal-time correlation and convolution calculation become a rather time-consuming task in the case of long input sequences. To solve this task, it is advisable to apply the so-called fast algorithms. However, this requires the high-performance calculators of convolution and correlation, which often exceed the capabilities of modern computer equipment, Therefore, the proposed procedure for determining the modulus, as well as the designed structural circuits for special-form modulo adders, make it possible to accelerate the computation of correlations and convolutions using number-theoretic transforms.\n\nSince the operation of modulo multiplication is performed using the addition and shift operations, the complexity of calculating the number-theoretic transformations largely depends on the number of unities in the binary representation of the degrees of the primitive root. The operation of multiplication is typically reduced to the multiple addition of numbers, which is why the complexity and speed performance of arithmetic devices for numeric-theoretic transformations is determined by the characteristics of the modulo adders.\nThe proposed method for designing computing moduli for the digital devices that calculate correlation and convolution, based on rapid theoretical-numerical transformations, provides the simplified hardware and software implementation of these structures, resulting in high-speed processing of signals and images