jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Art. XXV.—Note on Nicolaò Manucci and his “Storia do Mogor.”

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In 1705 there appeared at Paris a work entitled “Histoire générale de l'empire mogol depuis sa fondation, sur les Mémoires portugais de M. Manouchi, Venitien” (4to, pp. 272, also in 12mo, 2 vols.), by Father Fran¸is Catrou, of the Company of Jésus. The narrative breaks off at the end of the war of succession between Aurangzeb and his brothers (1658–9). In 1715 the same writer supplemented the above work by bringing out what he calls a Third Part (4to, pp. 107), inwhich he continues the story to the year 1707 and the battle near Agrah between two sons of Aurangzeb. Besides the Hague editions in 1708 of the French text of 1705, English translations of it appeared in 1708, 1722 (second edition), and 1826 (a new translation); and an Italian version was published at Venice in 1731. Neither in English nor Italian is there any edition of the continuation published by Catrou in 1715.
Acrolebias Costa 2008

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Identification key for the species of the subgenus Acrolebias 1a. Contact organs present on anal fin and opercle of males, preopercular and mandibular series of neuromasts united........ 2 1b. Contact organs absent on anal fin and opercle in males, preopercular and mandibular series of neuromasts separated....... 3 2a. Sides of body dark bluish brown with yellowish golden or light grey narrow vertical bands, prominent contact organs in the flank in males, jaws short, dorsal profile of head nearly convex............................. Austrolebias nubium sp. n. (rio Taquari-Antas, upper rio Jacuí, Lagoa dos Patos basin, Brazil) 2b. Sides of body lilac grey with bluish white vertical bands, discrete contact organs in the flank in males, jaws slightly prognathous, dorsal profile of head slightly concave......................................... Austrolebias botocudo sp. n. (Upper rio Apuaê-Inhandava drainage, rio Uruguay basin, Brazil) 3a. Pelvic fin present, supraorbital series continuous, 27–29 scales in the longitudinal series............ Austrolebias carvalhoi (rio Iguaçu drainage, rio Paraná basin, Brazil) 3b. Absence or extreme reduction of pelvic fin, first three neuromasts of the supraorbital series separated from the remaining neuromasts by an interspace, 31–33 scales in the longitudinal series............................ Austrolebias araucarianus (rio Claro drainage, rio Iguaçu, rio Paraná basin, Brazil)
Insight through Molecular Mechanics Poisson−Boltzmann Surface Area Calculations into the\nBinding Affinity of Triclosan and Three Analogues for FabI, the <i>E. coli</i> Enoyl Reductase

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Keeping pace with emerging drug resistance in clinically important pathogens will be greatly aided by\ninexpensive yet reliable computational methods that predict the binding affinities of ligands for drug targets.\nWe present results using the molecular mechanics Poisson−Boltzmann surface area (MM-PBSA) method\nto calculate the affinity of a series of triclosan analogues for the <i>E. coli </i>enoyl reductase FabI, spanning a\n450000-fold range of binding affinities. Significantly, a high correlation is observed between the calculated\nbinding energies and those determined experimentally. Further examination indicates that the van der Waals\nenergies are the most correlated component of the total affinity (<i>r</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.74), indicating that the shape of the\ninhibitor is very important in defining the binding energies for this system. The validation of MM-PBSA\nfor the <i>E coli</i> FabI system serves as a platform for inhibitor design efforts focused on the homologous\nenzyme in <i>Staphylococcus aureues</i> and <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>.
Aerodynamic Study of Tilting Asymmetrical Ducted Fans Mounted at the Wing Tips of a VTOL UAV

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Tilting ducted fans attached to the wing tips of vertical take-off and landing unmanned aerial vehicles (VTOL UAVs) define new applications for these types of vehicles. This new configuration gives VTOL UAVs the ability to hover like helicopters and fly forward like airplanes. These abilities provide VTOL UAVs with possibility of using any arbitrary location for take-off and landing combined with enhanced range and speed. The thrust vectoring is another advantage of this new configuration, which can be used in most of the necessary maneuvers. The flow behaviour around tilting ducted fans needs to be studied as it has significant effects on the performance of the VTOL UAVs. The first objective of this research is to investigate the use of asymmetrical shape for the external body of ducted fans. This geometry can generate additional lift in cruise mode, which can lead to more applications for the VTOL UAVs by saving more energy. Both CFD and experimental methods showed noticeable improvement in the lift velocity (Vind) of the inlet flow to the rotor plane. This is required for computing aerodynamic coefficients necessary for stability and control analysis of the proposed VTOL UAV. “Actuator Disk Model” combined with the assumption of “Constant Delivered Power” to the propeller were used successfully to calculate Vind for the CFD simulations. The third objective is using CFD coefficient by using an asymmetrical ducted fan. The second objective is to predict the induced simulation for predicting aerodynamic forces and pitching moments of the tilting ducted fans in the transition conditions for different tilting rates. The effects of the stall and flow separation on the aerodynamic coefficients were discussed and compared for both ducted fans. The fourth objective is using the aerodynamic coefficients of the tilting ducted fans to predict and compare the level flight conditions of the proposed VTOL UAV during transition between cruise mode and hover. Results of this research demonstrate satisfactory agreement between CFD simulations and wind tunnel tests for all of these objectives, which could predict the aerodynamic behaviour of the proposed VTOL UAV during transition between cruise mode and hover.
Spaces of Nationhood and Contested Soviet War Monuments in Poland: The Warsaw Monument to the Brotherhood in Arms

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Memorial landscapes typically reflect the state's ideological positions. However, it has been convincingly argued that in the last few decades, in democratic systems, we have witnessed a decline in authoritative memories. This chapter probes the question whether, and if so to what extent, transitional states are experiencing the same progressive erosion of the central authorities' dominant position in memory production. The chapter focuses on Poland, which became a democratic state in 1989 following over forty years of communist one-party rule and explores the means that the newly democratized state has at its disposal to exercise control over public space. The Warsaw "Brotherhood in Arms" monument, commemorating the contentious liberation of Poland by the Red Army in 1944–1945, is used here as a case study.
Dendritic cell regulation of NK‐cell responses involves lymphotoxin‐α, IL‐12, and TGF‐β

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Dendritic cell (DC) vaccines induce T‐cell responses in cancer patients. However, there is a paucity of data regarding the role of DC vaccines in shaping natural killer (NK) cell responses. Here, we observe that NK cells are less activated following DC vaccination. In vitro, DC‐mediated inhibition of NK cells did not require cell‐to‐cell contact, but required increased Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) phosphorylation (pSTAT3) in DCs. When phosphorylation of STAT3 was inhibited in DCs, we found that DCs did not suppress NK cells, and observed an increase in the production of lymphotoxin‐alpha (LTα) and interleukin‐12 (IL‐12) as well as reduced release of transforming growth factor beta (TGF‐β). The addition of recombinant LTα or IL‐12 to the DC‐NK‐cell cocultures restored NK‐cell activity, and neutralization of TGF‐β resulted in elevated production of LTα and IL‐12 from DCs. Compared with LPS, DCs matured with a cocktail of R848, poly I:C, and IFN‐γ showed reduced levels of pSTAT3 and higher levels of LTα and IL‐12 and did not inhibit NK‐cell activity. These results show that LTα, IL‐12, and TGF‐β are involved in the cross‐talk between NK cells and DCs. Our findings have important implications for the development of DC‐based vaccination strategies to potentiate NK‐cell responses in patients with cancer.
Nb3Sn 11 T Dipole for the High Luminosity LHC (FNAL)

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

This chapter describes the design and parameters of the 11 T dipole developed at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL) in collaboration with the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) for the High Luminosity LHC project, and presents details of the single-aperture and twin-aperture dipole models that were constructed and tested. Magnet test results including magnet quench performance, magnetic measurements, and quench protection studies performed using the dipole mirror and single-aperture and twin-aperture dipole models are summarized and discussed.
Quantum f-divergences via Nussbaum–Szkoła distributions and applications to f-divergence inequalities

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The main result in this paper shows that the quantum [Formula: see text]-divergence of two states is equal to the classical [Formula: see text]-divergence of the corresponding Nussbaum–Szkoła distributions. This provides a general framework for studying certain properties of quantum entropic quantities using the corresponding classical entities. The usefulness of the main result is illustrated by obtaining several quantum [Formula: see text]-divergence inequalities from their classical counterparts. All results presented here are valid in both finite and infinite dimensions and hence can be applied to continuous variable systems as well. A comprehensive review of the instances in the literature where Nussbaum–Szkoła distributions are used, is also provided in this paper.
Rural Clusters: Promoting Structural Transformation in Armenia

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this thesis was to investigate the possibility of application of the cluster based rural development approach in Armenia to promote its structural transformation. Case study was selected as a research methodology, and both qualitative and quantitative methods were employed. Analysis of the key findings from the ‘field’, i.e. - the potential cluster, shows that rural households practice a livelihood strategy, that was named here as “minimal production -ensured consumption” strategy. Rural smallholders diversify their livelihoods, but this diversification is of defensive character. Obstacles and local potential for cluster activation were also analyzed, as well as the projection of further developments was provided. From the ‘common’ list of constraints this study identified two specific ones that have to be targeted first in the given rural context. Based on the analysis on macro, meso and micro levels, general criteria for rural cluster formation in Armenia have been proposed. Those criteria are not fixed and should/can be amended depended of the specifics of rural areas within the country. As a result, this exploratory case study concludes with a proposition that clusters can be viewed as a way to overcome mini-economy effect in the context of Armenia, so that rural clusters unify separated economic potential in rural areas and promote regional development, which will transform the country’s economy in the long run (structural transformation).
Intraoperative Bleeding Management: An Updating Literature Review: Review Article

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Intraoperative bleeding remains a major complication during and after surgery, leading to increased morbidity and mortality. Several influences determine the complex causes of bleeding in surgical patients. About 75 to 90% of early intraoperative and postoperative bleeding is due to technical factors. In some cases, however, acquired or congenital coagulopathies can stimulate, if not directly cause, surgical bleeding. Objectives: This paper aims to overview etiology, causes, diagnosis, and updated management of intraoperative bleeding. Methods: The review article ran from July 1, 2021 to October 31, 2021. We searched articles on etiology, causes, and treatments published in English worldwide in the Medline, EBSCO and PubMed databases. No software was used to analyze the data. Team members reviewed the data to determine initial results. Results: All patients scheduled for elective surgery should be screened for possible hemostatic defects using tests, and, if necessary, laboratory tests. Treatment of intraoperative bleeding consists of identifying patients at risk and understanding the effect of surgery on hemostasis. For patients at high risk of bleeding, a pre-operative meeting with a multidisciplinary team (anesthesiologist, surgeon, hematologist, radiologist) can discuss the correct surgical procedure. Conclusion: Technical variables account for 75-90% of initial intraoperative and postoperative bleeding. However, in other cases it is associated with acquired or congenital coagulation disorders. All patients scheduled for elective surgery should be checked for problems with hemostasis. Treatment of intraoperative bleeding involves identifying those at risk and understanding the effect of surgery on hemostasis.
The impact of a ‘milking the COW’ campaign in a regional hospital in Singapore

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Computerisation of various processes in hospitals and reliance on electronic devices raises the concern of contamination of these devices from the patient environment. We undertook this study to determine if an attached hand hygiene device that unlocks the screen of a computer on wheels (COW) on usage can be effective in decreasing the microbiological burden on computer keyboards. Methods An electronic hand sanitizer was integrated onto the COW. A prospective cohort study with a crossover design involving 2 control and 2 intervention wards was used. The study end point was the number of colony forming units found on the keyboards. Bacteria were classified into 4 main groups; pathogenic, skin flora, from the environment or those thought to be commensals in healthy individuals. We then used a mixed effects model for the statistical analysis to determine if there were any differences before and after the intervention. Results Thirty-nine keyboards were swabbed at baseline, day 7 and 14, with 234 keyboards cultured, colony forming units (CFUs) counted and organisms isolated. By mixed model analysis, the difference of mean bacteria count between intervention and control for week 1 was 32.74 (− 32.74, CI − 94.29 to 28.75, p = 0.29), for week 2 by 155.86 (− 155.86, CI − 227.45 to − 83.53, p
Satellite‐Derived Bathymetry in Dynamic Coastal Geomorphological Environments Through Machine Learning Algorithms

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract In the field of coastal geomorphology, advancements in space technology have revolutionized coastal mapping and understanding. Satellite‐derived bathymetry (SDB) research has progressed, focusing on various estimation methods using high‐resolution satellite imagery and in‐situ data. Challenges arise when applying these methods to the Indian coastline due to its turbid waters and intricate features such as creeks and deltas, laden with sediment and submerged rocks. A study aims to assess multivariate machine learning (ML) regression techniques for estimating bathymetric data. The study employs ground‐truth data and imagery from Aster, Landsat‐8, and Sentinel‐2 at distinct sites known for complex underwater landscapes. Several algorithms including Multiple Linear Regression, Support Vector Regressor, Gaussian Process Regression (GPR), Decision Tree Regression, K‐Neighbors Regressor, k‐fold cross‐validation with Decision Tree Regression, and Random Forest (RF) are evaluated for SDB. Results from the Vengurla Site show that using the Landsat‐8 data set with the GPR algorithm achieves R 2 0.94, root mean squared error (RMSE) 1.53 m, and MAE 1.14 m, utilizing visible spectrum bands. At Mormugao, the Sentinel‐2 data set with GPR and RF algorithms attains R 2 0.97 and RMSE 1.23 m, with GPR outperforming RF, having an MAE of 1.05 m compared to RF's 1.22 m. This study underscores the potential of ML regression techniques in overcoming challenges with using SDB for mapping coastal geomorphology, particularly in intricate underwater terrains and turbid waters by assimilating sophisticated algorithms and their refined cartographic representation.
Switching activity in retail financial Markets in Ireland

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The present research investigates how consumers engage with the Irish financial retail market when choosing and switching financial products. Data were gathered from a nationally representative sample of 2,903 individuals who are involved in their household financial decisions. The study used interactive online tasks to record product ownership and switching rates for the main financial products in the Irish financial retail market (bank accounts, loans, credit cards and mortgages). It also assessed consumers' behaviours related to their original product choice and when they consider whether to switch to another provider (e.g., Do they compare offers? Do they use online comparison tools?). Motivations for switching and potential barriers were also recorded. Switching activity was considered as a spectrum of decisions and actions, ranging from not knowing one could switch to having switched successfully. This approach allowed participants to be branched in the online survey to answer tailored questions based on their individual switching activity. The findings provide novel insight into the proportion of consumers progressing into each level of the switching process. Differences in consumers' experiences of the process were explored based on switching activity, as well as socio-demographic characteristics. The results aim to identify where in the switching process better decisions can be encouraged and supported through policy interventions.
Chronic Kidney Disease and Older African American Adults: How Embodiment Influences Self-Management

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Patients living with chronic kidney disease (CKD) must balance the medical management of their kidney disease and other chronic conditions with their daily lives, including managing the emotional and psychosocial consequences of living with a chronic disease. Self-management is critical to managing chronic kidney disease, as treatment consists of a complex regimen of medications, dosages, and treatments. This is a particularly important issue for older African American adults who will comprise a significant portion of the older adult population in the coming years. Yet current conceptualizations of self-management behaviors cannot adequately address the needs of this population. Embodiment theory provides a novel perspective that considers how social factors and experiences are embodied within decision-making processes regarding self-management care among older African Americans. This paper will explore how embodiment theory can aid in shifting the conceptualization of self-management from a model of individual choice, to a framework that cannot separate lived experiences of social, political, and racial factors from clinical understandings of self-management behaviors. This shift in the conceptualization of self-management is particularly important to consider for CKD management because the profound illness burdens require significant self-management and care coordination skills.
Allopachria Zimmermann, 1924 from Jiangxi, China, with descriptions of two new species (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Four species of the genus Allopachria Zimmermann, 1924 (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae) are currently known to occur in Jiangxi Province, China, two of which, Allopachria wuzhifengensis sp. nov. and Allopachria grandis sp. nov., are described as new to science. Allopachria dudgeoni Wewalka, 2000 is recorded from Jiangxi for the first time. Descriptions, diagnosis and illustrations of new species are given.
Partially premixed laminar gas flames from triangular burners

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

An experimental study of the effects of using triangular burner exit ports in place of the standard circular ports in a laminar partially premixed gas burner is presented. A natural gas burner employed in a small residential-scale heating system rated at 5.86 kW was modie ed. Air entrainment into the nonburning jets, emission indices of nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide, and ine ame temperature and composition proe les were measured. Flowe eld in the near-nozzle region was visualized by shadowgraphy. Results show that triangular ports increase air entrainment by 30%, decrease nitrogen oxides emission by less than 15%, and increase carbon monoxide emission by 20%. The effects are explained in terms of the changes in e ow structure and instabilities caused by the noncircular geometry and sharp corners of the burner exit port. Nomenclature D = area equivalent diameter of burner exit port EI = emission index HHV = heating value M = molecular weight n = number of moles PA = primary air r = radial distance from the centroid SA = secondary air T = temperature Tri = triangular port X = mole fraction Subscripts a = air f = fuel
Interference-Aware Schedulability Analysis and Task Allocation for Multicore Hard Real-Time Systems

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

There has been a trend towards using multicore platforms for real-time embedded systems due to their high computing performance. In the scheduling of a multicore hard real-time system, there are interference delays due to contention of shared hardware resources. The main sources of interference are memory, cache memory, and the shared memory bus. These interferences are a great source of unpredictability and they are not always taken into account. Recent papers have proposed task models and schedulability algorithms to account for this interference delay. The aim of this paper is to provide a schedulability analysis for a task model that incorporates interference delay, for both fixed and dynamic priorities. We assume an implicit deadline task model. We rely on a task model where this interference is integrated in a general way, without depending on a specific type of hardware resource. There are similar approaches, but they consider fixed priorities. An allocation algorithm to minimise this interference (Imin) is also proposed and compared with existing allocators. The results show how Imin has the best rates in terms of percentages of schedulability and increased utilisation. In addition, Imin presents good results in terms of solution times.
On Combining Estimates of a Ratio of Means

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

SUMMARY For a bivariate normal distribution with variances and covariance given multiples of an unknown σ2, methods are presented for the combination of several separate estimates of the ratio of means, and for assessing confidence limits when an estimate of σ2 is available. A numerical example is presented of the application of this method in combining estimates of relative potency based on several parallel line assays of insulin.