jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Interleukin‑1β‑mediated suppression of microRNA‑27a‑3p activity in human cartilage via MAPK and NF‑κB pathways: A potential mechanism of osteoarthritis pathogenesis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of microRNA (miR)‑27a‑3p in osteoarthritis (OA). Reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting were performed to determine the expression of miR‑27a‑3p and aggrecanase‑2 (ADAMTS5) in cartilage tissues from patients with OA and healthy controls, and also in interleukin (IL)‑1β‑treated primary human chondrocytes. Primary human chondrocytes were transfected with miR‑27a‑3p. A luciferase reporter assay was used to validate the direct contact between miR‑27a‑3p and its putative binding site in the 3'‑untranslated region ADAMTS5 mRNA. Furthermore, the effects of IL‑1β‑induced activation of mitogen‑activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor (NF)‑κB on miR‑27a‑3p were evaluated using speciﬁc inhibitors. The results revealed that the level of miR‑27a‑3p was reduced in OA cartilage tissues compared with those of normal controls. In addition, decreased miR‑27a‑3p and increased ADAMTS5 expression was observed in a time‑ and dose‑dependent manner in chondrocytes treated with IL‑1β. Furthermore, overexpression of miR‑27a‑3p suppressed the expression of ADAMTS5 in human chondrocytes induced by IL‑1β. miR‑27a‑3p overexpression also decreased the luciferase activity of the wild‑type ADAMTS5 reporter plasmid. Mutation of the miR‑27a‑3p binding site in the 3'‑untranslated region of ADAMTS5 mRNA abolished the miR‑27a‑3p‑mediated repression of reporter activity. Furthermore, the use of specific inhibitors demonstrated that IL‑1β may regulate miR‑27a‑3p expression via NF‑κB and MAPK signaling pathways in chondrocytes. The present study concluded that miR‑27a‑3p was downregulated in human OA and was suppressed by IL‑1β, and functions as a crucial regulator of ADAMTS5 in OA chondrocytes. In addition, IL‑1β‑mediated suppression of miR‑27a‑3p activity may occur via the MAPK and NF‑κB pathways. The present study may provide a novel strategy for clinical treatment of OA caused by upregulation of miR‑27a‑3p.
Using Qualitative Information to Improve Causal Inference

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Using the Rosenbaum (2002, 2009) approach to observational studies, we show how qualitative information can be incorporated into quantitative analyses to improve causal inference in three ways. First, by including qualitative information on outcomes within matched sets, we can ameliorate the consequences of the difficulty of measuring those outcomes, sometimes reducing p‐values. Second, additional information across matched sets enables the construction of qualitative confidence intervals on effect size. Third, qualitative information on unmeasured confounders within matched sets reduces the conservativeness of Rosenbaum‐style sensitivity analysis. This approach accommodates small to medium sample sizes in a nonparametric framework, and therefore it may be particularly useful for analyses of the effects of policies or institutions in a small number of units. We illustrate these methods by examining the effect of using plurality rules in transitional presidential elections on opposition harassment in 1990s sub‐Saharan Africa.
Agriculture affects functional diversity of aquatic insects in Subtropical Atlantic Forest streams

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract: Aim We evaluated the effects of native vegetation and agricultural activities on functional characteristics of aquatic insects’ assemblages in Atlantic Forest streams southern Brazil. Methods We collected information on land uses, riparian zone structural characteristics, and limnological variables of ten streams to characterize their environmental quality. In the same streams, we collected aquatic insects (Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera) and determined their functional characteristics (e.g. food habits, mobility, shape, and body size). The information for each trait category was quantified using a fuzzy code technique. To test the environmental conditions on aquatic insect functional attributes, we used an RLQ analysis. Results In our study, only five environmental variables showed variation in streams (temperature, pH, DO, native vegetation, and agriculture use). We collected a total of 2591 organisms distributed in 21 EPT genera. We observed that the functional attributes of EPT formed distinct groups in relation to the stream categories defined by the measured environmental variables. We observed that shredders and larger and flattened organisms were associated with natural streams. These attributes were associated with the genera Phylloicus, Anacroneuria, Tupiperla, and Farrodes. On the other hand, we observed greater proportions of scrapers, with spherical bodies and shelter builders in streams impacted by agriculture. The most frequent genera in these streams were Itaura, Wormaldia and Helicopsyche. Conclusions The modification of natural landscapes by agricultural areas caused significant functional changes in the aquatic invertebrate communities. Since aquatic insects participate effectively in ecological processes, alterations in the functional characteristics of these communities can cause changes in the streams’ functioning.
Successive inactivation of the force-generating units of sodium-driven bacterial flagellar motors by a photoreactive amiloride analog.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Like amiloride, 6-iodoamiloride (6-IA) competitively and reversibly inhibits rotation of the Na(+)-driven flagellar motors of alkalophilic Bacillus cells. However, when 6-IA-treated cells are irradiated with UV light, motility is irreversibly inhibited. This treatment does not alter the membrane potential or affect Na(+)-coupled alpha-aminoisobutyrate transport. An increase in the Na+ concentration during UV irradiation substantially protects the motors from irreversible inhibition. Thus, photoactivated 6-IA seems to bind specifically and covalently at or around the Na(+)-interaction site of the force-generating units of the motors to inhibit motor rotation irreversibly. Rotation of each motor, which is monitored using tethered alkalophilic Bacillus cells, is also inhibited by photoactivated 6-IA. In this case, however, the rotation rate during UV irradiation decreases stepwise, suggesting the presence of several independently functioning force-generating units in a motor. From the data of 14 tethered cells, the number of units/motor is estimated to be 5-9.
The Relationship between Management of the U.S.E. program and Establishment of Private Secondary Schools in Ibanda Municipality

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The study assessed the relationship between management of the USE program and establishment of private secondary schools. The study employed a cross sectional design by which data was collected basing on what is going on at the particular point of time. The study population included MEO, parents, inspectors, head teachers and teachers. A sample size of 344 respondents participated in the study, quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive statistics formulae provided by the statistical packages for social science SPSS v.16. Also the independent variable was correlated with dependent variable using Pearson correlation. The statistical package for social scientists (SPSS 22.0) were used in the analysing of data. The study found out that there is a high positive significant relationship between management of the USE program and establishment of private secondary schools in Ibanda Municipality at P=0.002 at level of significance 0.01, r = 0.878. It was further concluded that there is a high positive significant relationship between management of the USE program and the establishment of private secondary schools in Ibanda Municipality. Management of the use program is responsible for the establishment of private secondary schools in Ibanda Municipality. It was recommended that the government should conduct effective supervision of universal secondary schools to improve the effectiveness of USE program. The government should set the limit of fees for students in private schools to enable all parents who have children in private schools afford the fees.
Pregnancy and Infant Development (PRIDE)— a longitudinal study of at-risk mother-infant dyads to understand the impact of maternal stress, adversity, and resilience on offspring development.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Children from socioeconomically disadvantaged families have a markedly elevated risk for impaired cognitive and social-emotional development. Nearly 17.9% of children in poverty experience developmental delays relative to the 12.7% of other children. Poverty engenders disproportionate exposure to psychological adversity which may contribute to impaired offspring development; however the effect may be mitigated by social support and other aspects of resilience. Our objective was to determine the association between maternal stress, adversity and social support and early infant neurobehavior and child behavior at two and three years. Methods We conducted a longitudinal mother-infant cohort study nested within a regional home visiting program in Cincinnati, Ohio. Four home study visits were completed to collect measures of maternal stress, adversity and social support and infant and child behavior. A measure of infant neurobehavior (‘high-arousal’ infant) was derived from the NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale (NNNS) at 1 month and externalizing and internalizing symptoms were measured by the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) at 24 and 36 months. Linear and logistic regression identified associations between maternal risk/protective factors and infant and child behavioral measures. We used stratification and multiplicative interaction terms to examine potential interactions. Results We enrolled n=55 pregnant mothers and follow 53 mother-offspring dyads at 1 month, 40 dyads at 24 months and 27 dyads at 36 months. Maternal adversity and protective factors were not associated with neurobehavior at one month. However, maternal depression and measures of distress in pregnancy were significantly associated with internalizing and externalizing symptoms and 24 and 36 months. Conclusions This pilot study established the feasibility of conducting longitudinal research within a community intervention program. In addition, although there were no statistically significant associations between maternal psychosocial factors in pregnancy and infant neurobehavior, there were several associations at 24 months, primarily internalizing symptoms, which persisted through 36 months. Future work will replicate findings within a larger study as well as explore mediators and modifiers of these associations. The goal of this research is to reduce developmental delays by informing home visiting programs as well as early intervention services more broadly.
Factor VIII related antigen positive macrophages and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS): a problem of antibody specificity.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A further histopathological complication of atypical mycobacterial infection in acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is reported. Positive reactivity between mycobacterial antibodies within a polyclonal antiserum and mycobacteria within tissues resulted in false positivity with this reagent to factor VIII related antigen. This complication may be avoided either by prior testing of the antiserum, or by purification, or by the use of monoclonal antibodies. Histopathologists examining tissues from patients with AIDS and those with disseminated mycobacterial infections and using immunohistochemical techniques should be aware of this occurrence.
Investigation and experiment of radar systems in unmanned aerial vehicles

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This Final Year Project is to do Investigation and experiment of radar systems on unmanned aerial vehicles. This is a new project and author is the pioneer batch of students working on this project. It is a big project as there are many important parts in the investigation. Some of the parts are as following, Radar Design and Simulation, Analog and Digital converter, Embedded Board selection, Power Supply for the whole system and Wireless Transmission together with building and getting a Unmanned Aerial Vehicle. Author would be talking more on the understanding and sourcing of the ADC, some programming of the ADC, together with PC104 interface and also parts of radar simulations that he had helped with.
A Multifunctional Arithmetical Processor Model Integrated Inside a Single Molecule

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Improving the processing power of molecules remains the challenge for molecular logic and computation. Here we report a 2-phenylimidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline (PIPH)-based three-state molecular switch by controlling its unique emission and absorption spectra in the acid and base condition. On one hand, PIPH can perform simultaneously the functions of an "AND" gate and an "XOR" gate, capable of operating as a half-adder, and the "off-on-off" function as well as comparison function by monitoring its fluorescent spectral changes. On the other hand, the molecule can also implement in parallel the functions of an "XOR" gate and two "INH" gates by monitoring its absorption spectral changes, which constructs two half-subtractors. The cooperative operation of comparator and half-subtractor makes general subtraction operation become possible, which is discussed conceptually in the report.
Homotoma ficus

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Homotoma ficus (Linnaeus, 1758) Feeds on In Bulgaria, Klimaszewski (1961 b), Harizanov (1963) and we collected adults and immatures on Ficus carica L., which is a confirmed host plant (Rapisarda 1989, Burckhardt 1989, Jerinić-Prodanović 2011). Distribution General distribution. Native to Mediterranean parts of Europe, North Africa, Ukraine, Caucasus, Middle East and Iran; alien in Great Britain, Central and south-eastern Europe, Serbia and USA. Distribution in Bulgaria (Fig. 34 b). Published records: BS, PBB, PSP, ROP, ROT (Klimaszewski 1961 b, Tsalev 1961, Harizanov 1963, Głowacka 1989). Material examined: BN, BS, ROM, ROP. Notes Klimaszewski (1961 b) described Homotoma viridis Klimaszewski, 1961 partly based on material from Bulgaria (paratypes from Petrich). This taxon is considered a synonym of H. ficus (Burckhardt 1989). Ficus carica L. is not native to the Bulgarian flora (POWO 2024), but it is cultivated as a fruit crop in yards and farms and naturalised in southern parts of the country and along the Black Sea coast (Assyov et al. 2012). Homotoma ficus is consequently an alien species in Bulgaria. Diagnosis Adult (Fig. 34 b). Loginova (1964), Tamanini (1965), Jerinić-Prodanović (2011). Fifth-instar immature. Rapisarda (1989), as H. viridis; Jerinić-Prodanović (2011).
Game options

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

I introduce and study new derivative securities which I call game options (or Israeli options to put them in line with American, European, Asian, Russian etc. ones). These are contracts which enable both their buyer and seller to stop them at any time and then the buyer can exercise the right to buy (call option) or to sell (put option) a specified security for certain agreed price. If the contract is terminated by the seller he must pay certain penalty to the buyer. A more general case of game contingent claims is considered. The analysis is based on the theory of optimal stopping games (Dynkin's games). Game options can be sold cheaper than usual American options and their introduction could diversify financial markets.
„Nie poszliśmy więc do polityki. Ale oto polityka przyszła do nas” ‒ rola bibliotekarza w okresie stalinowskim (w świetle materiałów zamieszczanych na łamach polskich czasopism zawodowych)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Polish librarianship in the stalinist period (1948-1956) had to face new challenges. In the changed political and social reality, both the role of a librarian and the functions performed by public and scientific libraries had to be redefined. The profile of vocational education also changed. From the various materials (papers, guidelines of the party and departmental authorities, reports, protocols of the Polish Librarians and Archivists Union) published in professional journals of the time – „Przegląd Biblioteczny”, „Bibliotekarz” and „Poradnik Bibliotekarza” – it appears that librarians had to focus on the ideological aspect of their work, educating the reader in the socialist spirit.
Effectiveness of a blended school-based mindfulness program for the prevention of co-rumination and internalizing problems in Dutch secondary school girls: a Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract

Background: A growing body of literature indicates that adolescent girls who talk with close friends about interpersonal problems or worries in an excessive, speculative way and with an intense focus on distress (i.e., co-rumination) are at heightened risk for developing internalizing symptoms and disorders as well as reduced friendship quality. However, to date, there are no prevention programs available that target high levels of co-rumination between adolescent girls. As such, we developed the blended school-based mindfulness prevention program Happy Friends, Positive Minds (HFPM) that targets co-rumination at the dyadic level, i.e., between two close female friends. The aim of this trial is to evaluate the effectiveness of HFPM to reduce co-rumination and internalizing problems and to enhance wellbeing and social-emotional behavior in Dutch adolescent girls. Methods: A cluster Randomized Controlled Trial (cRCT) will be conducted to evaluate HFPM effectiveness. We will recruit 160 female friendship dyads (n = 320 girls) aged 13 to 15 years who will be characterized by high levels of self-reported co-rumination. The cRCT has two arms: (1) an intervention condition in which 160 girls (80 friendship dyads) will receive the 14-week HFPM program, and (2) a control condition in which 160 girls (80 dyads) will receive care-as-usual (CAU). Data will be collected at baseline (T0: October 2023), during the program (T1: December 2023; T2: February 2024; T3: April 2024), immediately after the program (T4: July 2024) and at one-year follow-up (T5: July 2025). Participant-level self-reported risk for (early onset) depression and anxiety, self-reported and observed co-rumination, self- and friend-reported friendship quality, self-reported positive and negative affect, self-reported interpersonal responses to positive affect and self-reported anhedonia symptoms will be the outcome variables. Discussion: This study will provide insights into the short-term and long-term effects of the HFPM program on girls’ internalizing problems, wellbeing and social-emotional behavior. Trials registration: International Standard Randomized Controlled Trials, identifier: ISRCTN54246670. Registered on 27 February 2023.
Effect of Salts on the Thiol-dependent Gelation of Bovine Serum Albumin.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A previous report [M. Hirose, Y. Nishizawa and J. Y. Lee, J. Food Sci., 55, 915 (1990)] has shown that the thio-dependent gelation of bovine serum albumin was strongly inhibited by high concentrations of salts. The inhibition mechanism was investigated in relation to the conformation and disulfide cleavage of the protein. The effects on the thiol-dependent disulfide cleavage of the protein varied with the salt species, especially with the anion species. The circular dichroism spectra and difference UV-spectra showed that anions induced some conformational changes in the tertiary structure, but not in the secondary structure. With regard to a chaotropic anion, perchlorate, this conformational change was closely correlated with the inhibition of gelation and disulfide reduction. In contrast, a lyotropic anion such as sulfate inhibited the gelation at a higher concentration than the concentrations that induced the conformational change. In addition, this anion showed no inhibition effect on disulfide reduction. Thus, we conclude that there are two inhibition sites for the thiol-dependent gelation of BSA. One involves the reductive cleavage of disulfide bonds, and the other probably concerns intermolecular interaction of the disulfide-reduced protein.
2-Deoxyglucose-induced vasodilation and hyperpolarization in rat coronary artery are reversed by glibenclamide

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The mechanisms responsible for coronary vasodilation during ischemia or hypoxia are poorly understood. It has recently been suggested that alterations in intracellular ATP may play a role in this response. We examined whether dilation of isolated coronary arteries in response to metabolic blockade by 2-deoxyglucose, which competitively inhibits glycolysis and glycogenolysis, was sensitive to glibenclamide, an inhibitor of ATP-sensitive potassium channels. Pressurized rat coronary arteries with myogenic tone dilated in response to 2-deoxyglucose by an endothelium-independent mechanism. The dilation was accompanied by a substantial hyperpolarization. Addition of glibenclamide partially reversed this vasodilation and abolished the hyperpolarization. We propose that ATP-sensitive potassium channels play a significant role in the dilator response to 2-deoxyglucose. This may have implications both for ischemia-induced coronary vasodilation and for the use of oral hypoglycemic agents in general.
Prompting in Web-Based Environments: Supporting Self-Monitoring and Problem Solving Skills in College Students

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This study explored Metacognition and how automated instructional support in the form of problem-solving and self-reflection prompts influenced students' capacity to solve complex problems in a Web-based learning environment. Specifically, we examined the independent and interactive effects of problem-solving prompts and reflection prompts on college students' problem solving and writing within a Web-based instructional module. We found that students who received problem-solving prompts solved problems and wrote with more clarity than did students who did not receive problem solving prompts. Reflection prompts also positively influenced problem solving and writing, but only when students also received the problem solving prompts. This suggests that asking student to reflect on their work has a positive influence on students' problem solving, but only when they have clear understanding of what they are being asked to reflect on. Results are discussed relative to feedback and self-regulation theories.