jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Refining Diagnostic POMDPs with User Feedback

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Bayesian networks have been widely used for diagnostics. These models can be extended to POMDPs to select the best action. This allows modeling partial observability due to causes and the utility of executing various tests. We describe the problem of refining diagnostic POMDPs when user feedback is available. We propose utilizing user feedback to pose constraints on the model, i.e., the transition, observation and reward functions. These constraints can then be used to efficiently learn the POMDP model and incorporate expert knowledge about the problem.
ISiCLE: A Quantum Chemistry Pipeline for Establishing\nin Silico Collision Cross Section Libraries

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

High-throughput,\ncomprehensive, and confident identifications of\nmetabolites and other chemicals in biological and environmental samples\nwill revolutionize our understanding of the role these chemically\ndiverse molecules play in biological systems. Despite recent technological\nadvances, metabolomics studies still result in the detection of a\ndisproportionate number of features that cannot be confidently assigned\nto a chemical structure. This inadequacy is driven by the single most\nsignificant limitation in metabolomics, the reliance on reference\nlibraries constructed by analysis of authentic reference materials\nwith limited commercial availability. To this end, we have developed\nthe in silico chemical library engine (ISiCLE), a high-performance\ncomputing-friendly cheminformatics workflow for generating libraries\nof chemical properties. In the instantiation described here, we predict\nprobable three-dimensional molecular conformers (i.e., conformational\nisomers) using chemical identifiers as input, from which collision\ncross sections (CCS) are derived. The approach employs first-principles\nsimulation, distinguished by the use of molecular dynamics, quantum\nchemistry, and ion mobility calculations, to generate structures and\nchemical property libraries, all without training data. Importantly,\noptimization of ISiCLE included a refactoring of the popular MOBCAL\ncode for trajectory-based mobility calculations, improving its computational\nefficiency by over 2 orders of magnitude. Calculated CCS values were\nvalidated against 1983 experimentally measured CCS values and compared\nto previously reported CCS calculation approaches. Average calculated\nCCS error for the validation set is 3.2% using standard parameters,\noutperforming other density functional theory (DFT)-based methods\nand machine learning methods (e.g., MetCCS). An online database is\nintroduced for sharing both calculated and experimental CCS values\n(metabolomics.pnnl.gov), initially\nincluding a CCS library with over 1 million entries. Finally, three\nsuccessful applications of molecule characterization using calculated\nCCS are described, including providing evidence for the presence of\nan environmental degradation product, the separation of molecular\nisomers, and an initial characterization of complex blinded mixtures\nof exposure chemicals. This work represents a method to address the\nlimitations of small molecule identification and offers an alternative\nto generating chemical identification libraries experimentally by\nanalyzing authentic reference materials. All code is available at github.com/pnnl.
The finite-gap method and the periodic NLS Cauchy problem of anomalous waves for a finite number of unstable modes

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The focusing Nonlinear Schr\\"odinger (NLS) equation is the simplest universal\nmodel describing the modulation instability (MI) of quasi monochromatic waves\nin weakly nonlinear media, and MI is considered the main physical mechanism for\nthe appearence of anomalous (rogue) waves (AWs) in nature. In this paper we\nstudy, using the finite gap method, the NLS Cauchy problem for generic periodic\ninitial perturbations of the unstable background solution of NLS (what we call\nthe Cauchy problem of the AWs), in the case of a finite number $N$ of unstable\nmodes. We show how the finite gap method adapts to this specific Cauchy problem\nthrough three basic simplifications, allowing one to construct the solution, at\nthe leading and relevant order, in terms of elementary functions of the initial\ndata. More precisely, we show that, at the leading order, i) the initial data\ngenerate a partition of the time axis into a sequence of finite intervals, ii)\nin each interval $I$ of the partition, only a subset of ${\\cal N}(I)\\le N$\nunstable modes are "visible", and iii) the NLS solution is approximated, for\n$t\\in I$, by the ${\\cal N}(I)$-soliton solution of Akhmediev type, describing\nthe nonlinear interaction of these visible unstable modes, whose parameters are\nexpressed in terms of the initial data through elementary functions. This\nresult explains the relevance of the $m$-soliton solutions of Akhmediev type,\nwith $m\\le N$, in the generic periodic Cauchy problem of the AWs, in the case\nof a finite number $N$ of unstable modes.\n
Neurotrophin receptor p75NTR mediates Huntington’s disease–associated synaptic and memory dysfunction

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Learning and memory deficits are early clinical manifestations of Huntington's disease (HD). These cognitive impairments have been mainly associated with frontostriatal HD pathology; however, compelling evidence provided by several HD murine models suggests that the hippocampus may contribute to synaptic deficits and memory dysfunction in HD. The neurotrophin receptor p75(NTR) negatively regulates spine density, which is associated with learning and memory; therefore, we explored whether disturbed p75(NTR) function in the hippocampus could contribute to synaptic dysfunction and memory deficits in HD. Here, we determined that levels of p75(NTR) are markedly increased in the hippocampus of 2 distinct mouse models of HD and in HD patients. Normalization of p75(NTR) levels in HD mutant mice heterozygous for p75(NTR) prevented memory and synaptic plasticity deficits and ameliorated dendritic spine abnormalities, likely through normalization of the activity of the GTPase RhoA. Moreover, viral-mediated overexpression of p75(NTR) in the hippocampus of WT mice reproduced HD learning and memory deficits, while knockdown of p75(NTR) in the hippocampus of HD mice prevented cognitive decline. Together, these findings provide evidence of hippocampus-associated memory deficits in HD and demonstrate that p75(NTR) mediates synaptic, learning, and memory dysfunction in HD.
Mediterranean Countries and Corruption: Political, Economic, and Social Factors

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The authors propose a classification of the perceived corruption levels of Mediterranean countries according to key political, economic, and social factors. While relevant empirical research has shown the extent of corruption in various countries by analyzing differences in their respective values on a corruption perceptions index, the variables used here include additional data such as gross national income per person in purchasing power parities, a political rights index, a civil liberties index, and a nonincome human development index. Although northern Mediterranean countries are distinguished from Arab and Balkan countries, the labels developed and developing countries in the Mediterranean seem too simplistic when describing the marked heterogeneity within these two groups. The lack of homogeneity can be attributed to institutional and cultural country-specific factors rather than to crude differences in levels of economic development. This suggests that policies against corruption should target a complex ensemble of driving factors not limited to the economic characteristics of an individual country and should include social political, cultural, institutional, and territorial considerations.
THE EFFECT OF FREEZING ON THE PROCESSING OF DRIED REBON SHRIMP AS A FORM OF LOCAL FOOD DIVERSIFICATION

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Rebon shrimp is one of the seafood species of crustaceans which has a very small size compared to other types of crustaceans. But behind its small shape, rebon shrimp has tremendous benefits. Rebon shrimp is quite easy to find in the market and is in the cheap category compared to other shrimp prices. Rebon shrimp is a food ingredient that rots easily so that processing and preservation is needed to maintain its quality. One of them is freezing and drying. This method can extend shelf life and inhibit the growth of bacteria, molds and yeasts. It can increase the selling value of rebon shrimp. This is also done as an effort to support local Indonesian food. The purpose of this study was to obtain the best process in making dried rebon shrimp. In this study, two methods were carried out, namely: method A without freezing and method B with freezing. This research was conducted using a randomized block design with one factor of rebon shrimp with 2 treatments and 3 replications. The parameters tested were water content, rehydration time and organoleptic test. The results of analysis of various water content and rehydration time showed a very significant difference. From the research results, the highest water content was found in rebon shrimp with freezing is 5.4% and the lowest in rebon shrimp without freezing is 4.8%. The longest rehydration time for rebon shrimp with freezing is 2 minutes and the fastest rehydration time for rebon shrimp without freezing is 1 minute. The sensory test showed different results. For color and texture, the most preferred is dried rebon shrimp with freezing, while for aroma and appearance, the most preferred is dried shrimp with no freezing treatment.
Polymorphism in the [(TTF)2(TCNE)2] Charge-Transfer Complex

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The reaction between tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) and tetracyanoethylene (TCNE) yields two polymorphs (03B1 and 03B2) both having formula [(TTF)203B4+2(TCNE)203B4-2] with similar molecular struc- ture.Both polymorphs display a stack structure of the type••• (TTF-TTF)(TCNE-TCNE)(TTF-TTF) (TCNE-TCNE)••• but they differ in crystal structure for hydrogen bonding system and lamellar sheets.These two CT complexes possess an high resistivity (~ 109 03A9.cm) and a degree of charge-transfer of 03B4 = 0.54e estimated through the C-S bond length.Microsc.Microanal.
Disparities in receipt of lymph node assessment among early stage female breast cancer patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A65 Accurate staging of breast cancer requires assessment of axillary lymph node involvement. We evaluated factors associated with receipt of lymph node assessment among women with early stage breast cancer using data from the National Cancer Database (NCDB), a hospital-based registry jointly sponsored by the American Cancer Society and American College of Surgeons. Records for all women diagnosed with early stage breast cancer (T1a, T1b, T1c, and T2N0) from 2003-2005 were extracted from the NCDB. Analyses explored the impact of patient race/ethnicity, insurance status, and age on receipt of any axillary lymph node procedure (axillary lymph node dissection or sentinel lymph node biopsy) while controlling for other sociodemographic and clinical factors using multivariate logistic regression. A total of 196,732 women met the study inclusion criteria; 11% did not receive any axillary lymph node assessment. Compared to White patients, Black patients had greater likelihood (odds ratio [OR] 1.10, p
Video4_Collective dynamics of actin and microtubule and its crosstalk mediated by FHDC1.MP4

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

<p>The coordination between actin and microtubule network is crucial, yet this remains a challenging problem to dissect and our understanding of the underlying mechanisms remains limited. In this study, we used travelling waves in the cell cortex to characterize the collective dynamics of cytoskeletal networks. Our findings show that Cdc42 and F-BAR-dependent actin waves in mast cells are mainly driven by formin-mediated actin polymerization, with the microtubule-binding formin FH2 domain-containing protein 1 (FHDC1) as an early regulator. Knocking down FHDC1 inhibits actin wave formation, and this inhibition require FHDC1’s interaction with both microtubule and actin. The phase of microtubule depolymerization coincides with the nucleation of actin waves and microtubule stabilization inhibit actin waves, leading us to propose that microtubule shrinking and the concurrent release of FHDC1 locally regulate actin nucleation. Lastly, we show that FHDC1 is crucial for multiple cellular processes such as cell division and migration. Our data provided molecular insights into the nucleation mechanisms of actin waves and uncover an antagonistic interplay between microtubule and actin polymerization in their collective dynamics.</p>
Extraovarian Transitional Cell Carcinoma of Female Genital Tract

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Journal Article Extraovarian Transitional Cell Carcinoma of Female Genital Tract Get access Karl T. K. Chen, M.D. Karl T. K. Chen, M.D. Department of Pathology Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar American Journal of Clinical Pathology, Volume 94, Issue 5, 1 November 1990, Pages 670–671, https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/94.5.670 Published: 01 November 1990
ANALYSIS OF RELIGIOUS SATIRE IN PBITEKS SONG OF LAWINO

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This paper focuses on the analysis of religious satire in Song of Lawino. The study occasionally refers to Okots life history and ideological inclinations and the review of related literature giveng background information that clarifies Okot pBiteks writing as a product of a rich Acholi oral tradition. While a lot has been written on Okots creative works, little attention has been given to the use of satire. The study therefore, identifies and evaluates Okots use of satire in Song of Lawino determines the use of language to achieve satire in the text, and discusses how the author uses satire as a tool to share ideas and opinions on religious perspectives in the society. This study treats satire as the humorous criticism of human weaknesses and foibles and uses this parameter to identify it in the Song of Lawino. This is to throw light on the creative works of Okots and highlight circumstances that may have shaped him into a satirist. The upshot of all these is that the songs are appropriately contextualized with the ultimate finding that satire is an indigenous African phenomenon amply and ably deployed in Okots art.
Social inequality as a factor of social tensions in Russian society

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Based on this study the author concludes that “the latent and open social tensions... in Russian society today is quite high”, “clearly defined trend towards further improving it”, and to the deterioration of the social situation in the country and rising social tensions it “could lead to a sharp (abrupt) increase in overt signs of social tensions and the development of its pre-crisis aside, and then the crisis situation”.
High-Conductivity Adhesive for Light-Emitting Diode Die-Attachment by Low-Temperature Sintering of Micrometer-Sized Ag Particles

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

A paste composed of micrometer-sized Ag particles and an organic solvent formed a soft porous bonding layer under atmospheric conditions at 200 ° C and above. Using this Ag paste for die-bonding of a light-emitting diode (LED) resulted in excellent thermal resistance and reliability. Ag/Ag interactions are thought to be responsible for internal bonding, and the Ag paste does not bond strongly to other materials. To ameliorate this, polymer particles were added to the Ag paste. The flow starting temperature of the polymer did not hinder the sintering of Ag particles, and the melted polymer particles served as an adhesive. The polymer-containing Ag paste had a lower specific resistance than that of the conventional conductive adhesives, so could be treated using low-temperature processes. The presence of polymer improved the die-shearing strength during the bonding of LED die to the plastic substrate.
Impact of Morphological Variables on Throwing Ability: A Gender-Driven Exploration Among Athletes in Cape Coast Metropolis, Ghana

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This study represents a comprehensive exploration of the intricate interplay between morphological variables and throwing ability, specifically examining gender-specific variations among athletes in Cape Coast Metropolis, Ghana. In the pursuit of an understanding, data were collected from a diverse sample of 420 athletes, comprising 210 males and 210 females, aged between 16 and 22. The investigation illuminated that athletes within the Cape Coast Metropolis possess not only well-developed body dimensions but also an adequate level of fitness, both integral to overall athletic performance. This insight was substantiated by the statistical analysis, which demonstrated that morphological features accounted for a substantial 64% to 73% of the variance in throwing ability. The study employed predictive equations tailored for male and female athletes, further illustrating the influential role of specific morphological characteristics. For male athletes, the equation TB = -12.53 + .577handspan + .053Body weight + .109Total Arm Length - .055thigh girth + .053Chest Circumference Expiration - .094Tricep Skin Fold encapsulates the predictive model. On the other, the equation TG = -8.11 + .597Handspan + .068Upper Arm Length + .013Body Weight + .021Thigh Girth encapsulates the model for female athletes. These equations provide practical tools for forecasting throwing proficiency within the local athletic community in Cape Coast Metropolis. This research contributes significantly to the field, emphasizing the pivotal role of morphological variables in shaping athletic performance. The findings underscore the importance of training programs and talent identification processes based on an individual&apos;s morphological characteristics, with the potential to enhance overall athletic development in the Cape Coast Metropolis region.
Study on changes of the plasma cytokines in ~(60)Co γ-ray irradiated blood and leukocyte reduction of whole blood

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ObjectiveTo study the changes of IL-2,IL-6,IFN-γ and TNF-α in ~ 60 Co γ-ray irradiated and leukocyte reduction of whole blood, and to understand the fever phenomenon in patients received blood transfusion. Methods ELISA method was used to measure changes of the cytokines. Results The plasma levels of IL-2,IL-6,IFN-γ and TNF-α did not change significantly with extending the conservation period both in ~ 60 Co -irradiated and leukocyte reduction of whole blood. The frequency of fever decreaed obviously with transfusion of ~ 60 Co -irradiated and leukocyte reduction of whole blood. Conclusion ~ 60 Co -irradiated blood can not only prevent transfusion associated graft-versus-host disease(TA-GVHD), but also decrease non-hemolytic febrile transfusion reactions (NHFTR) effectively.
Abstract 121: Sulforaphene inhibited migration through down-regulating the Hedgehog signaling in SUM159 human breast cancer cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Accumulating evidences have demonstrated the antineoplastic properties of sulforaphane, a major isothiocyanates present in cruciferous vegetables. However, the natural analogue of sulforaphane, sulforaphene, rich in radish, has yet not been extensively studied for its potential in preventing cancer. In this study, sulforaphene exerted inhibiting effect on migration of SUM159 human breast cancer cells, the migrated cells were reduced from 72.3% in control group to 17.5% in sulforaphene(10uM) treated group. The Hedgehog signaling, known to be involved in cancer invasiveness, was found to be regulated by sulforaphene. The mRNA and protein expression of Gli1 and Smoothened(Smo) which were Hedgehog signaling activating mediators were significantly suppressed by sulforaphene, but the expression of Patched1(Ptch1) an inhibiting mediator, was induced. In addition, the Hedgehog signaling inhibitors, cyclopamine and vismodegib, strongly inhibited the migration of SUM159 breast cancer cells, suggesting the association of Hedgehog signaling with the migration of breast cancer cells. Taken together, sulforaphene significantly inhibited the migration via down-regulating the Hedgehog signaling pathway and suggest that sulforaphene may be considered as a potent phytochemical in suppressing the mammary carcinogenesis. Citation Format: Cheng Bao, Jaehoo Lee, Jiwon Ko, Hyun-Chang Park, Hong jin Lee. Sulforaphene inhibited migration through down-regulating the Hedgehog signaling in SUM159 human breast cancer cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 121. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-121
A STUDY OF ULTRASTRUCTURE AND PROLIFERATIVE CYCLE OF L-FORM BACTERIA

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Objective To investigate the ultrastructural changes and proliferative cycle of L form bacteria in septicemic patients. Methods 10 colonies of L form bacteria were investigated by a transmission electromicroscope, using L form bacteria analytic technique. Results L form bacteria was polymophological in shape with partial or completedly defected cell membrane.The structures within the cell body were dispersed with loose density. There existed a dynamic and gradually maturated process from strongyloplasm, spheroplast to megaball at last going mitosis leading to the release of strongyloplasm. Conclusion An understanding of the ultrastructure of L form bacteria is helpful to block its infection and reduce misdiagnosis clinically. [
Air Tightness Performance of Residential Timber Frame Buildings

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Energy consumption statistics in 2005 from the Korea Energy Management Corporation show that building energy usage was about 24.2% of total domestic energy consumption, and 64% of total building energy usage was consumed by residential buildings. Thus, about 10% of total domestic energy consumption is due to the heating of residential buildings. Building energy can be calculated by the configuration of the building envelope and the rate of infiltration (the volume of the infiltration of outdoor air and the leakage of indoor air), and by doing so, the annual energy usage for heating and cooling. Therefore, air-tightness is an important factor in building energy conservation. This investigate air infiltration and various factors that decrease it in timber frame buildings and suggest ways to improve air-tightness for several structural types. Timber frame buildings can be classified into light frame, post and beam, and log house. Post and beam includes Han-ok (a Korean traditional building). Six light frame buildings, three post and beam buildings, one Korean traditional Han-ok and a log house were selected as specimens. Blower door tests were performed following ASTM E779-03. The light frame buildings showed the highest air-tightness, followed by post and beam structures, and last, log houses.