jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
HYAL2 methylation in peripheral blood as a potential marker for the detection of pancreatic cancer: a case control study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly lethal malignancy which is mostly diagnosed in advanced and inoperable stages though surgery remains the only curable therapeutic approach. Early detection markers are urgently needed to improve diagnosis. Altered hyaluronoglucosaminidase 2 gene (HYAL2) DNA methylation in peripheral blood is known to be associated with malignancy at early stage but has not been evaluated in PDAC patients. This study evaluates the association between blood-based HYAL2 methylation and PDAC by a case-control study with 191 controls and 82 PDAC patients. Decreased methylation of all four investigated HYAL2 methylation sites showed highly significant association with PDAC (odds ratio (ORs) per â10% methylation ranging from 2.03 to 12.74, depending on the specific CpG site, p < 0.0001 for all). HYAL2 methylation sites were also distinguishable between stage I&II PDAC (61 subjects) and controls (ORs per-10% methylation from 3.17 - 23.04, p < 0.0001 for all). Thus, HYAL2 methylation level enabled a very good discrimination of PDAC cases from healthy controls (area under curve (AUC) = 0.92, 95% Confidence interval (C.I.): 0.88 - 0.96), and was also powerful for the detection of PDAC at stage I&II (AUC = 0.93, 95% C.I.: 0.89 - 0.98). Moreover, the blood-based HYAL2 methylation pattern was similar among PDAC patients with differential clinical characteristics, and showed no correlation with the overall survival of PDAC patients. Our study reveals a strong association between decreased HYAL2 methylation in peripheral blood and PDAC, and provides a promising blood-based marker for the detection of PDAC.
Family structure and fertility behaviour among undergraduates of the distant learning institute in Lagos State, Nigeria.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Context/Background: Given the current socio-economic conditions of the Nigerian nation-state, it is logical to say that the resources needed to cater for its ever-growing population are limited and the trend has moved the nation to adopt an anti-natalist policy. However, there is a paucity of empirical studies on the influence of family structure, as an intergenerational factor, on fertility behavior in South-Western Nigeria and thus, this study investigates the association between family structure and fertility behaviour in Lagos. Data Sources and Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 185 married undergraduates of the Distance Learning Institute at the University of Lagos, Lagos State, Nigeria. Multi-stage and simple random sampling was employed in selecting the respondents. Findings: The study revealed that the size of an individual’s family of orientation (O.R. = 1.22) and income (O.R. = 1.40) are predictors of the individual’s fertility and fertility preference. Conclusion: Attention should be given to the socio-economic factors that shape fertility behaviour and the immediate and unmet need for contraception among couples.
Social Alienation in “The Foreigner” A Novel by Arun Joshi

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The alienation of men and women in society is conditionally contextualized according to past birth karma as a belief. Currently, men and women want to avoid being tortured, marginalized by society from a social point of view. Sometimes the situation is very critical and there are people who have suddenly lost everything. The belief is that costiveness will turn into an innovation. The crisis is that those who turned the progress of living it into an opportunity. Arun Joshi tried in his fiction novel “the Foreigner” with a character Sindi Oberoi who believed in the cyclical misfortune of losing his childhood family. The shelter collapsed from his head, and he was standing there thinking of a meaningless life and struggling to commit suicide. Everyone is alienated here from birth to death. Only our karma must live a segregated life that shines like gold.
Surgical treatment of parietal defects with "da Vinci" surgical robot.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The robotic surgery has come through the development of telemedicine and minimally invasive surgery concepts, being developed in the military medicine by NASA during the years 1970-1980. The purpose of this paper is to briefly present our experience in the new field of the robotic surgery, by analyzing the results obtained over a lot of 20 patients operated with the "da Vinci" robot within the last 5 years in the Clinical Emergency Hospital Bucharest for various abdominal defects.
Clathrin Mediates Infectious Hepatitis C Virus Particle Egress

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Although it is well established that hepatitis C virus (HCV) entry into hepatocytes depends on clathrin-mediated endocytosis, the possible roles of clathrin in other steps of the viral cycle remain unexplored. Thus, we studied whether cell culture-derived HCV (HCVcc) exocytosis was altered after clathrin interference. Knockdown of clathrin or the clathrin adaptor AP-1 in HCVcc-infected human hepatoma cell cultures impaired viral secretion without altering intracellular HCVcc levels or apolipoprotein B (apoB) and apoE exocytosis. Similar reductions in HCVcc secretion were observed after treatment with specific clathrin and dynamin inhibitors. Furthermore, detergent-free immunoprecipitation assays, neutralization experiments, and immunofluorescence analyses suggested that whereas apoE associated with infectious intracellular HCV precursors in endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-related structures, AP-1 participated in HCVcc egress in a post-ER compartment. Finally, we observed that clathrin and AP-1 knockdown altered the endosomal distribution of HCV core, reducing and increasing its colocalization with early endosome and lysosome markers, respectively. Our data support a model in which nascent HCV particles associate with apoE in the ER and exit cells following a clathrin-dependent transendosomal secretory route. IMPORTANCE HCV entry into hepatocytes depends on clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Here we demonstrate for the first time that clathrin also participates in HCV exit from infected cells. Our data uncover important features of HCV egress, which may lead to the development of new therapeutic interventions. Interestingly, we show that secretion of the very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) components apoB and apoE is not impaired after clathrin interference. This is a significant finding, since, to date, it has been proposed that HCV and VLDL follow similar exocytic routes. Given that lipid metabolism recently emerged as a potential target for therapies against HCV infection, our data may help in the design of new strategies to interfere specifically with HCV exocytosis without perturbing cellular lipid homeostasis, with the aim of achieving more efficient, selective, and safe antivirals.
Job Choice and Total Labor Supply: An Experimental Analysis

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Short-run responses of individuals and households to changes in relative and real wage rates are an integral component of economic theory. The principal means of empirically investigating and testing the theory has been to use individual or aggregate data for subgroups of individuals at a moment in time who differ with respect to wage rates and income levels or to use aggregate data for a subgroup of individuals over time. Use of these data sets in empirical studies of the short-run theory of individual labor supply raise considerable problems of interpretation which are well known [2; 14; 18] and, hence, will not be repeated here. This is not to say that the many studies of labor supply behavior which have used cross-sectional and aggregate time series data have not been worthwhile, but rather to suggest that there is ample room to investigate labor supply be-
When Ethnicity and Gender Align: Classroom Composition, Friendship Segregation, and Collective Identities in European Schools

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Using survey data on school classes in four European countries, we study how the social relations and identities of adolescents develop depending on the degree to which ethnic and gender boundaries align with each other. Minority students will have mostly same-ethnic friends, we find, when classmates of different ethnic origins tend to be of the opposite sex as well. Within such local topographies of boundaries, minority students will also end up identifying less as members of the nation. In contrast, majority students are not affected by the alignment of ethnic and gender boundaries, and gender identities of both minorities and majorities are less malleable as well: Neither friendship segregation along gender divides nor the development of gender role attitudes depend on the degree to which gender and ethnic origin align. We argue that gender boundaries and feelings of national belonging among majority students are widely taken for granted and thus less sensitive to attribute alignment at the local level. The article builds a bridge between the literatures on ethnic segregation of friendship networks, adolescent ethnic identities, and gender role attitudes by integrating them into a structuralist framework that identifies the conditions under which the local configuration of boundaries affects social life.
HLA-A1 and steroid-induced cataracts in renal transplant patients.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Posterior subcapsular (PSC) lens changes were found in 32 of 33 steroid-treated renal transplant patients examined with the slit lamp techniques of direct and retroillumination. Only one of 33 age-matched controls had any PSC changes. Six (18%) of the renal transplant patients were bilaterally surgically aphakic because of PSC cataracts that developed while the patient was receiving steroid therapy after transplant surgery. Steroid-induced PSC cataracts were associated with the presence of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) A1, but not with the patient's age, cause of renal failure, total dose of steroids, or duration of steroid therapy.
HR Focus Within the Indian Information Technology Industry

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The world is witnessing a shift towards increased service orientation among organizations the world over. This increased service orientation has gained momentum since the advent of globalization and has more relevance in the Indian context because it has aided in the growth of India and the Indian IT industry, in particular. The growth in this sector has led to increased employment and has made it a key sector. In the light of the importance attached to this sector, coupled with its offering of lucrative employment opportunities in the present as well as in the future, an understanding of the HR focus within this industry has become a vital prerequisite.
Mammalian Reovirus Infection Changes the Expression of Bcl-xL Protein in H1299 Cell Line Independent of p53

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Mammalian reovirus (MRV) is a prototype virus of Reoviridae family. MRV virions are composed of two concentric protein capsids that surround a genome of 10 segments of dsRNA. It has been shown that MRV can manipulate host gene expression and further induce apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in various cell lines. However, the detailed molecular mechanisms by which MRV regulates the expression of host cells are largely unknown. P53 is an important transcriptional factor which modulates the expression of more than 130 genes controlled in cell stress-response. We aimed to examine the molecular mechanisms underlying the effect of MRV infection on the expression of host genes and the possible role of p53 in the interaction of MRV and host cells. Prototype serotype 3 reovirus strain Dearing (T3D) and serotype 1 strain Lang (T1L) were used to infect different cell lines, respectively, H1299 (p53-null and p53 positive), HT1080 (p53 mutant and p53 positive) and HCT116 (p21 deficient and 14-3-3σ deficient). By comparing the virus replication curve of T1L and T3D in these cell lines, we found that MRV can replicate with a similar pattern in both p53-defective and p53-positive cell lines which indicated that p53 does not have significant impact on MRV replication in these cell lines. We further found that the level of Bcl-xL protein, which has been shown to be able to inhibit apoptosis, was increased in H1299 cell lines (both p53-null and p53 positive) infected by T3D, but decreased in the same cell lines infected by T1L. A similar change of Bcl-xL protein was not observed In HCT116 and HT1080 cell lines with MRV infection. Fifty four T1L×T3D reassortants were used to map which gene or gene combination was responsible for the changes of Bcl-xL protein. We found that the expression of Bcl-xL protein in H1299 cell line infected by MRV was majorly controlled by the S1 gene segment which encodes the σ1 cell attachment protein and the σ1s non structural protein, while minorly controlled by L3 gene segment of MRV.
Hybrid OFDM receiver assisted by a variable frequency comb

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A physically assisted orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) receiver is described and characterized. In contrast to recent reports that utilize two physically distinct frequency combs with Verniered frequency pitch, the new receiver topology relies on a single frequency-toggled frequency comb. Dual-comb photonic front end was replaced by a single comb split into two switched paths to achieve spectral decomposition. To demonstrate new receiver operation, hybrid RF-photonic architecture for discrete Fourier transform (DFT) was constructed and used to decompose a wideband RF signal. The receiver demodulated a 4-QAM OFDM channel using 50 carriers from a single frequency comb. OFDM channel, spanning 3–7.9GHz RF band, was encoded using 100MHz-separated subcarriers. OFDM receiver performance was quantified by measuring its error vector magnitude (EVM).
Mineral matter effects and catalyst characterization in coal liquefaction. Second quarterly report. January--March 1978

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Coal liquefaction experiments were carried out in an autoclave facility modified for the rapid (approximately 5 sec) addition of a coal/solvent slurry into a preheated solvent. Sixteen slurry addition experiments have been completed with Illinois No. 6 coal in tetralin solvent. Six runs were carried at 408/sup 0/C, 1500 psig and a solvent-to-coal ratio of 4.0, in order to evaluate the effects of residence time (2, 10 and 40 min) and mineral additions (20 wt percent THF-extracted filter cake) on coal liquefaction. Conversion to benzene solubles increased from 24 to 60 percent as residence time increased from 2 to 40 min. An additional 1 to 4 percent increase in conversion occurred when mineral matter was added to the feed slurry. The preasphaltenes increased from 35 to 38 percent, and then decreased to 29 percent as residence time increased from 2 to 40 min. Additional increases in preasphaltenes occurred in the presence of added mineral matter. Hydrogen consumption increased from 0.5 to 1.4 percent as residence time increased. Three fresh and two spent catalysts from the bench reactor at Hydrocarbon Research, Inc. were received. A test matrix has been developed for the quantitative analysis of Co, Ni, Mo, Fe, Ti, Mg,more » Ca, Zn, Na, Al, Si, and S by electron microprobe analysis, emission spectroscopy and atomic absorption spectroscopy. The electron microprobe will be used for an elemental mapping of approximately 10 percent of the cross sectional area of a catalyst sample. Preliminary data have shown that Ti increased from approximately 2 percent on the surface of a spent catalyst to approximately 7 to 8 percent at 50 to 100 ..mu..m depth, and then decreased to approximately 2 percent at 200 ..mu..m.« less
Amorphous silica reduces N2O emissions from arable land at the field plot scale

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Introduction Increasing greenhouse gas emissions pose a strong threat due to accelerating global warming. N 2 O emissions are highly important in this regard as N 2 O is a very powerful greenhouse gas. Agriculture is the main human-induced source for N 2 O emissions, contributing roughly 60% to total N 2 O emissions. Soil amorphous silica (ASi) contents are reduced in arable soils due to yearly exports by crop harvest as most crops are silicon accumulator plants. Most recently it has been shown that ASi is increasing water and nutrient availability in soils. Both factors are known to directly and indirectly affect N 2 O emissions from agroecosystems. Methods In this study we conducted a field plot trial on arable soil depleted in ASi and fertilized this soil to its pre-agricultural ASi level. Results Our data clearly shows that increasing soil ASi to a pre-agricultural level decreased seasonal N 2 O emissions by ∼30%. Discussion This reduction of N 2 O emissions due to ASi might be of global relevance as agricultural practice has reduced the ASi content in agricultural soils. If future studies confirm the effect of ASi on N 2 O emissions, the soil ASi depletion by agricultural practice in the last decades may have led to a substantial increase of N 2 O emissions.
Manipulation of autophagy by SARS-CoV-2 proteins

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

As part of innate immune defenses, macroautophagy/autophagy targets viruses and viral components for lysosomal degradation and exposes pathogen-associated molecular patterns to facilitate recognition. However, viruses evolved sophisticated strategies to antagonize autophagy and even exploit it to promote their replication. In our recent study, we systematically analyzed the impact of individual SARS-CoV-2 proteins on autophagy. We showed that E, M, ORF3a, and ORF7a cause an accumulation of autophagosomes, whereas Nsp15 prevents the efficient formation of autophagosomes. Consequently, autophagic degradation of SQSTM1/p62 is decreased in the presence of E, ORF3a, ORF7a, and Nsp15. Notably, M does not alter SQSTM1 protein levels and colocalizes with accumulations of LC3B-positive membranes not resembling vesicles. Infection with SARS-CoV-2 prevents SQSTM1 degradation and increases lipidation of LC3B, indicating overall that the infection causes a reduction of autophagic flux. Our mechanistic analyses showed that the accessory proteins ORF3a and ORF7a both block autophagic degradation but use different strategies. While ORF3a prevents the fusion between autophagosomes and lysosomes, ORF7a reduces the acidity of lysosomes. In summary, we found that Nsp15, E, M, ORF3a, and ORF7a of SARS-CoV-2 manipulate cellular autophagy, and we determined the molecular mechanisms of ORF3a and ORF7a.
The Impact of Technical and Non-technical Measures of Water Quality on Coastal Waterfront Property Values in South Florida

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Due to the unprecedented population growth and increased economic activity in coastal areas, the health and hence value of coastal waterbody resources have been the subject of interest in recent years. In this article we estimate the value of a healthy waterbody through a hedonic property price analysis utilizing water quality as the amenity of interest. We compare hedonic analysis results using technical measures of water quality to the results using a non-technical measure of water quality "location grade" available in an urban coastal housing market of South Florida. Our results indicate that water quality improvement is associated with higher property values. In the comparison between technical and non-technical measures of water quality, we find that the technical measures provide better prediction of housing prices than the non-technical location grade. We further impute implicit prices for water quality improvement where significant mean willingness-to-pay (WTP) estimates range from $7,531 to $43,158.
Upper Airway Video Endoscopy: Assessment of the response to positive pressure ventilation and mechanical in-exsufflation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Upper airways (UA) include the nasal cavities, pharynx, and larynx, and its main function is to warm and filter the inspired air. UA dysfunction is in the pathogenesis of various disorders, such as obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) and vocal cord dysfunction. In addition, in some neurodegenerative diseases (e.g. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis - ALS), UA dysfunction may also compromise the effective use of ventilatory support (VS). In this context, the endoscopic evaluation of UA may be useful in understanding the OSAS mechanisms, in determining the causes for treatment-induced airway obstruction and even in helping to titrate noninvasive ventilation (NIV) in ALS patients with bulbar or pseudo-bulbar (spastic) dysfunction. Specifically, in OSAS patients, when residual obstructive events persist, although an optimal ventilatory mode has been apparently achieved, along with interface and equipment, the endoscopic evaluation of UA seems to be a valuable tool in understanding its mechanisms, even assisting adjustments to NIV parameters. In addition, it has also been described as being useful in laryngeal response to mechanical in-exsufflation (MI-E) and Exercise-Induced Laryngeal Obstruction (EILO). However, no protocol has yet been published or validated for this. For this reason, a literature review was conducted on UA function and its response to positive pressure and MI-E. Special emphasis has also been given to the current indication for video endoscopy in chronically ventilated patients.
Biotech Genomics - Genome-Based Analysis of Biotechnologically Relevant Prokaryotes

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

In ten research articles, this special issue reports results obtained by researchers of the German research network ‘BiotechGenoMik’. The complete genome sequence of a number of microorganisms was determined at the Göttingen Genomics Laboratory and these sequences served as the basis of applied research on the organisms 'Ralstonia eutropha, Glucono