jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Assessment of cereal production and food security under climate change in the Euro-Mediterranean Region

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

&lt;p&gt;Future climate projections indicate a northward shift of suitable agricultural areas with a potential intensification of cropping systems in northern Europe, and a decrease in crop productivity in southern Europe mainly due to extreme temperatures and reduction in precipitation and water availability. Furthermore, the uncertainty in projecting climate change impacts on agricultural productivity at the regional scale affects the choice of appropriate adaptation strategies.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The main objective of this study is to assess the potential risk for cereal production and food security in the Euro-Mediterranean area and North Africa due to climate change, integrating multiple factors. Simulations were carried out using the CSM-CERES-Wheat and CSM-CERES-Maize crop models implemented in the DSSAT (Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer) software. A spatially distributed routine integrating DSSAT with large geodatasets characterizing the environment (climate and edaphic) conditions and management options (e.g. agronomic practices, irrigation, fertilization) was applied to perform the simulation of grain yield for durum wheat, common wheat, and maize in each grid cell. An ensemble of climate projections from ISIMIP (Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project) were used as input to the crop models. The uncertainty and model agreement of projected changes in crop yield, under current and future CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; values (according to RCP8.5) were evaluated and new potential and high risk areas for cereal production were identified. Moreover, socio-economic indicators were considered to evaluate the exposure and adaptive capacity of the system and estimate the potential risk for cereal production. The result is a four dimensions single map that combine the selected variable and indices. Results show a potential decrease in cereal production per capita in the west Mediterranean area, North Africa and Turkey. However, the potential risk differ across these regions, according with the adaptive capacity of each area. Results also show a potential increase in cereal production per capita in north eastern Europe. Overall, there is high agreement across models.&lt;/p&gt;
FGL2 promotes tumor progression via inducing TIGIT expression on T cells in tumor microenvironment of glioma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common primary brain tumor with a median survival of only 14.6 months. Our previous work shows that FGL2 promotes glioma tumor growth and the expression levels of FGL2 positively correlated with glioma grade in patients. T cell Ig and ITIM domain (TIGIT) is an inhibitory receptor expressed by activated T cells, Tregs, and NK cells. Here we found that there is a statistically significant positive correlation between FGL2 and TIGIT mRNA expression level in both low grade glioma database (TCGA, provisional) and glioblastoma multiforme database (TCGA, provisional). Future, FGL2 and TIGIT are coordinately expressed by human tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes of glioma as detected by flow cytometry. In addition, TIGIT expression on T cells which suppresses their function, can be induced by initial T cell activation or FGL2 in vitro. Induced TIGIT expression upon initial T cell activation is suppressed in FGL2KO T cells which has higher tumor-killing ability than WT T cells. Therefore, our results show that FGL2 induces TIGIT expression in brain-infiltrated lymphocytes which suppresses anti-tumor immune response in glioma. By this mechanism, FGL2 promotes tumor progression of glioma.
Redundant transmission in wireless networked control system over IEEE 802.15.4e

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Control systems over wireless network can still maintain stability even with unavoidable packet loss phenomenon if the wireless link bandwidth is large enough. However the network is shared by many control systems, there is a requirement of minimizing bandwidth for each control loop. So there is a trade-off between reliability of the system and required communication bandwidth. In this paper, we propose to transmit redundant packets with the low latency configuration in IEEE 802.15.4e to cope with packet loss effect. The trade-off is studied and results give insight to the design of wireless control over IEEE 802.15.4e standard. Unstable inverted Pendulum control problem is simulated to illustrate the efficient of the method.
Legume plant yields using biopreparation and plant growth regulators

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract The effect of the biopreparation Rizotorfin and growth regulators Albit, Kornevin, Epin-Extra on symbiotic activity and yield of the bean plant varieties Geliada and Shokoladnitsa was studied under field conditions. The nitrogenase activity was increased in Heliada bean plants after treatment of seeds with Epin-Extra against the increase of bacteroides area, amount and area of volutin and decrease of area and amount of poly-ß-oxybutyric acid (POM). The protective effect of Rizotorfin was evident in the variety Shokoladnitsa. The relationship between symbiotic nitrogen fixation and yield of bean plants of varieties Heliada and Shokoladnitsa was detected. The varietal responses of these plants to the use of Risotorfin and growth regulators have been identified. To increase the efficiency of legume-rhizobium symbiosis and plant productivity, the pre-sowing treatment of seeds with a biopreparation based on nodule bacteria and growth regulators is recommended.
Schistosomiasis III. Abstracts of the Complete Literature, 1963–1974, Volumes I and II

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This meritorious bibliography titled “Schistosomiasis III” by Drs. Kenneth Warren and Donald Hoffman contains citations and abstracts of the complete literature on schistosomiasis which appeared between 1963 and 1974. The publication is a continuation of “Schistosomiasis, A Bibliography of the World's Literature from 1952 to 1962” by Warren and Newill (The Press of Western Reserve University, 1967).In Schistosomiasis III, the abstracts and citations are arranged alphabetically by senior author. There are two volumes: Volume I contains publications by authors A-J and Volume II those by authors K-Z. The citations and abstracts were taken from those in the Tropical Diseases Bulletin and from those in Helminthological Abstracts; only citations were taken from Index Medicus (MEDLARS). In all, 8,148 citations on schistosomiasis were obtained from the above three sources: 2,290 from the Tropical Diseases Bulletin, 2,632 from Helminthological Abstracts, and 3,226 from MEDLARS. At the end of Volume II there is an Author Index (31 pages) and a Keyword Index (20 pages).
Enantioselective Damage of Diclofop Acid Mediated by Oxidative Stress and Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase in Nontarget Plant Arabidopsis thaliana

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Diclofop-methyl (DM) is a widely used chiral herbicide, which rapidly hydrolyzes to its major metabolite diclofop acid (DC) after application. With a carbon chiral center, DC not only is an important ingredient of herbicidal activity, but also has a long half-life in soil. Studies so far have only considered the activity of racemic DM in target organisms, and the enantioselective toxicity in nontarget plants of DM and DC has yet to be explored. In this study, the enantioselective phytotoxicity of DC mediated by oxidative stress and the key enzyme ACCase in the fatty acid synthesis system on the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana was investigated. Significant differences between the two enantiomers were observed in phytotoxicity including growth inhibition, oxidative damage and alteration of key genes expression of ACCase, with R-DC showing greater toxicity to Arabidopsis thaliana than S-DC. The results of molecular docking showed that there was a stronger affinity between R-DC and the target enzyme carboxyltransferase domain of ACCase, likely leading to the enantioselective phytotoxicity of DC. This study suggested that chirality of both parent compounds and metabolites should be considered to improve our understanding of the environmental fate and risks of chiral pesticides.
Reflection waves phenomena in a rotating magneto-micropolar thermoelastic medium with temperature dependency and gravity using Green–Naghdi theory

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The rotation of micropolar thermoelastic solid with temperature-dependent properties on micropolar material affected by the magnetic and gravity was investigated. The Green–Naghdi (G-N) theory of type II was employed to investigate our problem analytically. It is shown that there exist four reflected plane waves due to the nature of the material and the physical effects. The values of the complex modulus of the reflection coefficients are visualized graphically to display the effect of rotation and gravity on the amplitude ratios of the four reflected waves. It can be recommended to apply the research results in diverse fields because of their utilitarian aspects in engineering, geophysics, geology, earthquakes, volcanoes, structures, and other fields.
Production circulator fabrication and testing for core flow test loop. Final report, Phase III

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The performance testing of two production helium circulators utilizing gas film lubrication is described. These two centrifugal-type circulators plus an identical circulator prototype will be arranged in series to provide the helium flow requirements for the Core Flow Test Loop which is part of the Gas-Cooled Fast Breeder Reactor Program (GCFR) at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory. This report presents the results of the Phase III performance and supplemental tests, which were carried out by MTI during the period of December 18, 1980 through March 19, 1981. Specific test procedures are outlined and described, as are individual tests for measuring the performance of the circulators. Test data and run descriptions are presented.
Climate of Khumbu Himal

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The climate of the highland in Khumbu Himal is described in analysing the observational data taken at Lhajung (4420 m) in 1973 and 1974. There are marked rainy and dry seasons. 70-80% of annual precipitation (54 cm in 1973 and 35 cm in 1974) is concentrated in 4 months in the summer monsoon. The monsoon activity was somewhat weaker in 1974 than in 1973. Solar insolation is almost twice that of observed at sea level at the same latitude except in the monsoon season. The mean annual temperature at Lhajung is nearly 0°C. The weaker monsoon in 1974 than in 1973 appeared also in the temperature and humidity patterns. Diurnal and daily variations of temperature or humidity are very small in the monsoon season, while they are large, having a periodic change, in dry season. A very stationary valley wind governs the diurnal changes of meteorological parameters at Lhajung through out the year. However, the valley wind is confined to a thin layer of about less than 1500 m thick in the main valley of the Himalayas.
Brain Tumors in Pediatric Patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Pediatric brain tumors are the most common solid tumors in children, comprising a diverse group of neoplasms that vary in histology, location, and behavior. Common types include astrocytomas, medulloblastomas, ependymomas, and brainstem gliomas. Symptoms often depend on the tumor's location and may include headaches, nausea, vomiting, balance issues, and cognitive or behavioral changes. Advances in imaging, surgical techniques, and therapies, including radiation and chemotherapy, have improved outcomes. However, treatment can have long-term effects on cognitive and physical development, making comprehensive care and follow-up essential for pediatric patients. Early published reviews on pediatric brain tumors may have several lacunae, such as limited data on long-term outcomes, emerging treatment modalities, and the genetic and molecular underpinnings of various tumor types. They might also inadequately address the psychosocial impacts on patients and families. Therefore, a comprehensive review is needed to synthesize the latest research on pediatric brain tumors, encompassing advancements in diagnosis, treatment, and survivorship care. This updated review will provide valuable insights for clinicians, researchers, and policymakers to improve managing and supporting children with brain tumors. The review covers various aspects of pediatric brain tumors, focusing on choroid plexus tumors and spinal cord tumors. It discusses treatment strategies, highlighting surgical, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy options. The review also details presenting signs and symptoms of brain tumors in children, such as headaches, nausea, vomiting, balance issues, and changes in behavior or cognition. These insights aim to enhance early diagnosis and effective management, improving outcomes for affected children. This review addresses gaps in earlier studies on pediatric brain tumors by providing comprehensive insights into choroid plexus and spinal cord tumors, updated treatment strategies, and detailed symptoms. It synthesizes recent research to enhance early diagnosis and management, meeting current needs for effective, tailored treatment and improving patient outcomes.
Intraclass Difference in Pneumonia Risk with Fluticasone and Budesonide in COPD: A Systematic Review of Evidence from Direct-Comparison Studies

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Thomas P Lodise,1 Jingyi Li,2 Hitesh N Gandhi,3 Gerald O’Brien,3 Sanjay Sethi4 1Department of Pharmacy Practice, Albany College Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, NY, USA; 2Global Medical Affairs, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA; 3US Respiratory Medical, AstraZeneca, Wilmington, DE, USA; 4Department of Medicine, University of Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY, USACorrespondence: Sanjay SethiClinical and Translational Research Center, 875 Ellicott St., Room 6045A, Buffalo, NY 14215, USAEmail ssethi@buffalo.eduBackground: Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are widely used and recommended to treat chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). While generally considered safe, several studies demonstrated an increased risk of pneumonia with the use of ICS in COPD patients. Although all ICS indicated for COPD carry the class labeling warning of increased pneumonia risk, evidence suggests an intraclass difference in the risk of pneumonia between inhaled budesonide and fluticasone. To date, systematic reviews of direct-comparison studies have not been performed to assess if an intraclass difference exists.Research Question: This review investigated whether there is an intraclass difference in risk of pneumonia between inhaled fluticasone and budesonide, the 2 most commonly used ICS in COPD.Study Design and Methods: A search of the medical literature was conducted in PubMed and Embase for the time period of 01/01/69– 05/31/19. The search strategy combined terms that defined the patient/disease type, exposures, outcome, and the study/publication type. Descriptive and comparative statistics reported for fluticasone- and budesonide-containing products in each study, including data for pneumonia event subgroups, were extracted and reported by dose, seriousness, or practice setting. Controlled clinical trials and observational studies meeting the inclusion criteria were assessed for methodologic quality by using the appropriate tool from the list of study quality assessment tools developed by the National Institutes of Health.Results: The summary relative risk (RR) ratio across 5 included studies (57,199 patients) was 1.13 (95% CI: 1.09– 1.19), representing a 13.5% increased risk of pneumonia among fluticasone users compared to budesonide users. Similarly, summary RR ratio for serious pneumonia implied a 14.4% increased risk of serious pneumonia among fluticasone users compared to budesonide users (pooled RR: 1.14; 95% CI: 1.09– 1.20).Interpretation: There is likely a clinically important intraclass difference in the risk of pneumonia between fluticasone- and budesonide-containing inhaled medications in COPD.Keywords: inhaled corticosteroids, pneumonia, COPD
Interactions between groundwater and surface water in a virginia coastal plain watershed. 2. Acid—base chemistry

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract An intensive study was conducted on the biogeochemical processes controlling the acid‐base chemistry of Reedy Creek, a wetland‐influenced coastal plain stream located near Ashland, Virginia. In the context of the hydrological processes determined by Eshleman et al. , the present research sought to: (1) identify the sources and sinks of anthropogenic and organic acidity within the watershed, (2) determine the seasonal and spatial variability in the stream base flow chemistry, (3) determine the episodic variability in stream stormflow chemistry and (4) quantify a watershed sulphate budget for the 1990 water year. Sulphate is the primary acidic anion in groundwater and surface water at the Reedy Creek watershed. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and anion deficit data suggest that organic acids are less important than sulphate in contributing acidity to the stream. In groundwater sampled from wells installed along two transects perpendicular to the stream, sulphate concentrations were higher and alkalinity lower in the groundwater in the hill‐slope than in the stream. Sulphate concentrations and alkalinity observed in groundwater in the wetland were usually between those of the hillslope and stream. These data suggest that the wetland is a sink for sulphate and acidity; sulphate reduction may be an important mechanism for generating alkalinity in the wetland. The DOC concentrations were higher in the stream and wetland groundwater than in hillslope groundwater. No consistent spatial patterns in sulphate concentrations were observed in surface water chemistry under base flow conditions. Anion deficit, DOC and the sum of base cation concentrations were usually higher at upstream sites than downstream sites. At all sites, sulphate concentrations were higher and alkalinity lower in winter and spring than during summer and autumn. Calculated anion deficits were lower in winter and spring than during summer and autumn, reflecting an increase in the contribution of organic acidity during the growing season. Seasonality was not observed in DOC concentrations. Stream discharge was found to be positively correlated with base flow sulphate concentrations and inversely correlated with alkalinity. A sulphate mass balance indicated that approximately 30% of the estimated 24.9kg SO 2− 2 /ha yr wet atmospheric input was exported from the watershed as sulphate in stream runoff in the water year 1990.
Solving Agricultural Price Recommendation Problem Using Smart Reading Algorithms

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

An optimization problem with time series forecasting constraints (OPTSFC) is defined as one with constraints given as prediction results from time series. OPTSFC can be solved in stages using prediction and optimization algorithms. In this study, the OPTSFC problem was solved using a smart reading algorithm (SRA), a strategy that uses various alternative settlement techniques according to the available criteria. The techniques used in the SRA-OPTSFC include descriptive statistics, Regression (Linear), recurrent neural network, and particle swarm optimization. In this study, the OPTSFC model and the SRA-OPTSFC algorithm are implemented in the agricultural price recommendation problem. The results of the implementation show that different criteria produce different optimal solutions. A high prediction accuracy value produces an optimal solution close to the prediction results. This has been proved in the predicted value theorem, as illustrated through research experiments. Furthermore, the experimental results show the importance of the time series changes from low to high categorization accompanied by changes in the accuracy value to 93.6%, indicating a narrowing of the feasible area by 99.65% toward the time series prediction results.
Retroflex Versus Bunched in Treatment for Rhotic Misarticulation: Evidence From Ultrasound Biofeedback Intervention

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Purpose To document the efficacy of ultrasound biofeedback treatment for misarticulation of the North American English rhotic in children. Because of limited progress in the first cohort, a series of two closely related studies was conducted in place of a single study. The studies differed primarily in the nature of tongue-shape targets (e.g., retroflex, bunched) cued during treatment. Method Eight participants received 8 weeks of individual ultrasound biofeedback treatment targeting rhotics. In Study 1, all 4 participants were cued to match a bunched tongue-shape target. In Study 2, participants received individualized cues aimed at eliciting the tongue shape most facilitative of perceptually correct rhotics. Results Participants in Study 1 showed only minimal treatment effects. In Study 2, all participants demonstrated improved production of rhotics in untreated words produced without biofeedback, with large to very large effect sizes. Conclusions The results of Study 2 indicate that with proper parameters of treatment, ultrasound biofeedback can be a highly effective intervention for children with persistent rhotic errors. In addition, qualitative comparison of Studies 1 and 2 suggests that treatment for the North American English rhotic should include opportunities to explore different tongue shapes, to find the most facilitative variant for each individual speaker. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.6170477
Functional electrical stimulation optimized in patients with hemiparesis due to cerebrovascular disease

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) is one of the techniques used on patients with motor sequelae such as hemiparesis after a stroke (CVA). Recent studies show positive results for the use of FES in the increase of isometric muscular strength for wrist extensors and reduction of tonus for patients with active extension of upper wrist at 20° before the intervention. Objective: As for the amplitude of movement and reduction of tonus in patients with 10° and 20° of active extension of the wrist, no significant gains were observed. Method: This study evaluated the efficiency of optimized functional electrical stimulation (O-FES) for two weeks on the manual dexterity and range of movement (ROM) of three individuals showing hemiparesis due to a stroke. Results: All the patients improved in one or more items of the evaluation (manual dexterity and ROM). Conclusion: We can conclude that the application of stimulation according to this new parameter showed benefits with a short time of stimulation on those patients with only a hint of finger movement.