jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Cell adhesion and migration in the early vertebrate embryo: location and possible role of the putative fibronectin receptor complex

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Using a combined in vivo and in vitro approach, we have analyzed the immunofluorescent localization and function of a 140,000-mol-wt glycoprotein complex implicated in cell adhesion to fibronectin (FN), with particular emphasis on neural crest cell adhesion and migration. This putative fibronectin receptor complex (FN-receptor) was detectable in almost all tissues derived from each of the three primary germ layers. It was present in both mesenchymal and epithelial cells, and was particularly enriched at sites close to concentrations of FN, e.g., at the basal surfaces of epithelial cells. It was also present on neural crest cells. The distribution and function of this putative receptor was then analyzed on individual cells in vitro. It was diffusely organized on highly locomotory neural crest cells and somitic fibroblasts. Both motile cell types also displayed relatively low numbers of focal contacts and microfilament bundles and limited amounts of localized vinculin, alpha-actinin, and endogenous FN. In contrast, the FN-receptor in stationary embryonic cells, i.e., somitic cells after long-term culture or ectodermal cells, existed in characteristic linear patterns generally co-distributed with alpha-actinin and fibers of endogenous FN. Anti-FN-receptor antibodies inhibited the adhesion to FN of motile embryonic cells, but not of stationary fibroblasts. However, these same antibodies adsorbed to substrata readily mediated adhesion and spreading of cells, but were much less effective for cell migration. Our results demonstrate a widespread occurrence in vivo of the putative FN-receptor, with high concentrations near FN. Embryonic cell migration was associated with a diffuse organization of this putative receptor on the cell surface in presumably labile adhesions, whereas stationary cells were anchored to the substratum at specific sites linked to the cytoskeleton near local concentrations of FN-receptor.
Distribution and temporal prevalence of Theileria orientalis major piroplasm surface protein types in eastern Australian cattle herds

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Objective To determine the distribution of theilerial types in eastern A ustralian cattle herds and their changing prevalence in regions of N ew S outh W ales ( NSW ). Design Survey testing of herds in 2010–11 in Queensland ( QLD ), NSW and V ictoria ( VIC ) where clinical theileriosis was not evident and ongoing surveillance in NSW through laboratory submissions. Methods Blood samples were tested by PCR targeting the T heileria orientalis p32 gene and positive tests were examined for the I keda, Chitose and Buffeli types. Survey samples from 516 cattle in 50 herds and diagnostic submissions from 434 suspect field cases in 116 herds were analysed. Results I n clinically normal survey cattle, T . orientalis prevalence was high ( NSW 23.7%, QLD 56.8%, VIC 34.0%), with variability among regions of each state. Chitose was the most common and widespread type (19.1–43.7% per state), with Buffeli present in all states at a lower prevalence (10.8–24.8% per state). I keda was detected in three of five regions in QLD ( N orth, S outh and S outh East; prevalence 3.4–15.4%), only one of the surveyed regions in NSW ( N orth Coast; prevalence 74.2%) and in only one animal in VIC . Evidence of clinical disease and laboratory confirmation of I keda infection in diagnostic submissions were predominant in several NSW regions, with increasing numbers of affected herds particularly in the coastal Mid‐Coast and Cumberland areas. Conclusions I n those regions where prior evidence of theileriosis was uncommon, I keda infection was evident in a limited number of NSW regions and multiple regions in QLD . However, clinical disease has continued to become widespread in NSW and VIC , involving I keda strains in many regions.
Critical negotiations

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This article examines the development of rock criticism in Denmark, Sweden, Norway and Iceland in the light of the Bourdieuian theory of cultural fields. We establish that fields with distinct autonomous poles do develop in each country between 1965 and 1980 but that it is not possible to talk about a common, Nordic field. Instead, each national field has to a large extent followed the general developments in the British or American fields (e.g. postmodern lifestyle criticism, consumer guidance, described in Lindberg et al. 2005) and taken in at least some of the specific characteristics of Anglo-American rock criticism while at the same time relating to and challenging, among other things, local literary and political traditions. One main difference, though, is that Nordic criticism to a large extent has been developed in daily newspapers and less so in specialized magazines. In a centre-periphery perspective it is interesting to notice that even though Nordic rock music has begun to blur the borders between the poles, local rock criticism has probably never been read outside its country of origin, mainly due to language barriers. On the other hand local rock criticism has helped question centre-periphery relations from the inside, i.e. how the foreign music made sense locally for both listeners and musicians.
DO WEIGHTBEARING FILMS AFFECT DECISION MAKING IN HALLUX VALGUS SURGERY

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background Hallux valgus is a complex deformity of the first ray and forefoot, which can be surgically treated by different procedures and osteotomies . Preoperative planning includes antero-posterior and lateral plain films. The effect of weightbearing on the results of the standardized measurements is still the subject of debate. Materials and Methods We evaluated the effect of weightbearing on the results of measurements and decision making by expert evaluators. Twenty one expert foot & ankle surgeons were given weightbearing and nonweightbearing anteroposterior plain foot films of patients with hallux valgus . They were asked to measure three standard angles and then to select the most appropriate procedure out of a short list. Results Using paired Student T-test, no difference in the angles measured or the procedures chosen was detected between weightbearing and nonweightbearing films. Conclusion Although it is generally accepted that decisions regarding the treatment of hallux valgus should be based on plain weightbearing films, in this study we established the nonweightbearing films can be reliably used to choose the surgical procedure.
Is there seasonality in human ovulation?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

To study seasonality in human ovulation in a direct way, we measured the occurrence of ovulation in infertile patients with spontaneous menstrual cycles (< 6 weeks) who visited the fertility clinic at the University Hospital Nijmegen in the Netherlands for the first time in 1991 or 1992 (n = 407). Ovulation was detected using serial transvaginal ultrasound and midluteal progesterone measurement and was performed during one screening cycle. The frequency of ovulatory cycles per month varied from 73% to 93% (not statistically significant). No seasonal pattern in ovulation was found in subfecund Dutch women with spontaneous menstrual cycles. This finding was not confounded by the effects of age of the women, body mass index, or disorders that could influence ovulation.
Discovery of genes related to formothion resistance in oriental fruit fly (Bactrocera dorsalis) by a constrained functional genomics analysis

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Artificial selection can provide insights into how insecticide resistance mechanisms evolve in populations. The underlying basis of such phenomena can involve complex interactions of multiple genes, and the resolution of this complexity first necessitates confirmation that specific genes are involved in resistance mechanisms. Here, we used a novel approach invoking a constrained RNA sequencing analysis to refine the discovery of specific genes involved in insecticide resistance. Specifically, for gene discovery, an additional constraint was added to the traditional comparisons of susceptible vs. resistant flies by the incorporation of a line in which insecticide susceptibility was ‘recovered’ within a resistant line by the removal of insecticide stress. In our analysis, the criterion for the classification of any gene as related to insecticide resistance was based on evidence for differential expression in the resistant line as compared with both the susceptible and recovered lines. The incorporation of this additional constraint reduced the number of differentially expressed genes putatively involved in resistance to 464, compared with more than 1000 that had been identified previously using this same species. In addition, our analysis identified several key genes involved in metabolic detoxification processes that showed up‐regulated expression. Furthermore, the involvement of acetylcholinesterase, a known target for modification in insecticide resistance, was associated with three key nonsynonymous amino acid substitutions within our data. In conclusion, the incorporation of an additional constraint using a ‘recovered’ line for gene discovery provides a higher degree of confidence in genes identified to be involved in insecticide resistance phenomena.
d-Ribulose-5-Phosphate 3-Epimerase: Cloning and Heterologous Expression of the Spinach Gene, and Purification and Characterization of the Recombinant Enzyme1

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract We have achieved, to our knowledge, the first high-level heterologous expression of the gene encodingd-ribulose-5-phosphate 3-epimerase from any source, thereby permitting isolation and characterization of the epimerase as found in photosynthetic organisms. The extremely labile recombinant spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) enzyme was stabilized bydl-α-glycerophosphate or ethanol and destabilized byd-ribulose-5-phosphate or 2-mercaptoethanol. Despite this lability, the unprecedentedly high specific activity of the purified material indicates that the structural integrity of the enzyme is maintained throughout isolation. Ethylenediaminetetraacetate and divalent metal cations did not affect epimerase activity, thereby excluding a requirement for the latter in catalysis. As deduced from the sequence of the cloned spinach gene and the electrophoretic mobility under denaturing conditions of the purified recombinant enzyme, its 25-kD subunit size was about the same as that of the corresponding epimerases of yeast and mammals. However, in contrast to these other species, the recombinant spinach enzyme was octameric rather than dimeric, as assessed by gel filtration and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under nondenaturing conditions. Western-blot analyses with antibodies to the purified recombinant enzyme confirmed that the epimerase extracted from spinach leaves is also octameric.
Comparisons of Human-Landing Catches and Odor-Baited Entry Traps for Sampling Malaria Vectors in Senegal

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A comparative study of human-landing catches (HLCs) and odor-baited entry traps (OBETs) for sampling malaria vectors was conducted in two different bioclimatic areas of Senegal, the Sahelian and Sudano-Guinean phytogeographic zones, from September to December 2002. Mosquitoes were collected by the two methods both indoors and outdoors. The reliability of OBET samples was tested by comparing the two methods. Overall, HLC was more effective indoors and for surveying the anopheline fauna. Both methods were effective in sampling the four known malaria vectors in Senegal [Anopheles gambiae s.s., An. arabiensis Patton, An. funestus Giles, and An. nili (Theobald) ], and mosquito age structures and infectivity rates did not differ between methods.
Liquid-liquid equilibria of some water + 2-propanol + solvent ternaries

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLiquid-liquid equilibria of some water + 2-propanol + solvent ternariesAhmet Alp SayarCite this: J. Chem. Eng. Data 1991, 36, 1, 61–65Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/je00001a018https://doi.org/10.1021/je00001a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views262Altmetric-Citations22LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Does Stronger Political Leadership Have a Performance Payoff? Citizen Satisfaction and the Institutional Redesign of Sub-Central Governments in England, 2000-2006

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

An influential literature in urban political and public management debates whether political leadership, in particular the form of council government in the United States, can improve policy and other outcomes by providing coordination, control, and facilitation. The article tests whether stronger political leadership affects citizen satisfaction through the direct connection of leaders to citizens even when the possible effect of policy performance is controlled for. In addition, the article investigates whether majority and coalition governments mediate the impact of leadership. The data are drawn from English local authorities following a reform in 2000 that created separate executive bodies in councils and gave powers to political leaders. The analysis uses regression models on survey data from the English principal local authorities. The article concludes that leader powers predict citizen satisfaction but that single-party majority government does not. The article adds to the literature on the impact of the form of council government by setting out the mechanisms whereby leadership translates to positive citizen outcomes.
Effect of Chelating Agents on Uptake of Ca45 and Sr85 by Defatted Bone in vitro.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The presence of chelating agents in buffered solutions affected the relative uptake of Ca/sup 45/ and Sr/sup 85/ by defatted bone powder. Strong chelating agents, like ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and cyclohexanediaminetetraacetic acid, decreased the ratio of Ca/sup 45//Sr/sup 85/ uptake considerably in presence of Ca, Ca plus Sr, or Sr carrier. Citrate and adenosinetriphosphate had similar but weaker effects. No effect was shown by glucose, lactate, gluconate, bicarbonate, bicarbonate plus phosphate, glutamate, aspartate, borate, glycerophosphate, lysine or glutathione. Those compeunds which showed no effect had stability constants for Ca of less than 3. Strong chelating agents also decreased the relative amount of Sr/sup 85/ removed from defatted bone powder by exchange. Results indicate that natural chelating agents may be partly responsible for the low Ca/sup 45//Sr/sup 85/ uptake ratio by bone from serum compared with uptake from synthetic inorganic solutions and emphasize the difficulty of removing be partly responsible for the low Ca/sup 45//Sr/sup 85/ uptske ratio by bone from serum compared with uptake from synthetic inorganic solutions and emphasize the difficulty of removing Sr/sup 35/ from bone with chelating agents now available. (auth)
Using Electric Lighting to Support Daylighting in Architectural Building Designs

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this study, a historical building, which architecture cannot be interfered with to preserve its originality, has been analysed in terms of architectural illumination. For this purpose, physical measurements were made in 6 different areas in the historical building. For areas that do not meet the required illuminance level according to EN12464–1, calculations were made in the simulation environment and the parameters of the best illumination were found. It has been revealed that some of the numbered areas require electricl lighting during the day. This study has set an example in terms of analysing the architectural illumination of buildings that have the status of historical monuments.
Urinary incontinence in Indian women in Leicester

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: Urinary incontinence affects people of different ages, gender and ethnic backgrounds. Current review of literature shows very that very little work has been done with regards to urinary incontinence in ethnic minority groups. At Leicester there is a high ethnic minority population comprising of different ethnic groups, the largest in inner city Leicester being the Indians that migrated from the state of Gujarat in India. Observations of clinic attendees, and unpublished data from the Medical Research Council Leicester Incontinence Study, lead us to believe that significant numbers of Indian women have continence problems but do not make use of currently available services. Aims: To explore inequality in health, barriers towards accessing continence care and to further understand how best to provide continence services to this group the research program was formulated comprising of: Prevalence study, Cultural context study, Patients‘ journey through primary care study. These will address the various aspects of the influence and interaction of ethnic origin with incontinence care. Methods: This project uses a mixed method approach combining both quantitative and qualitative research methods. The quantitative arm of the study uses validated self administered questionnaires to determine the prevalence and quality of life scores in women suffering with urinary incontinence in the community. The qualitative arm of the study uses focus groups and interviews to further explore women‘s coping strategies, the effect of migration in their symptoms and help seeking behaviour, the impact incontinence has on their lives and their attitudes towards available continence care, including suggestions for improving services. Results: The South Asian named women in our research reported higher rates and severity of urinary symptoms, with a corresponding greater impact on their quality of life when compared to White British named women and Indian women in Gujarat. It highlights some of the barriers in effective continence care. None of these women were referred to secondary care immediately, unlike their White British counterparts within the same primary care setup. Management of incontinence in primary care is inadequate and doesn‘t comply with the recommendations made in the NICE guidelines. Conclusions: This research project is a unique opportunity to study the impact of ethnic origin upon urinary incontinence. The inequalities in healthcare that have been highlighted together with the suggestions of service improvement that have come from the service users has resulted in the development of a strategic framework of continence care for ethnic minority women. This will aim to ensure accessible and acceptable care for these patients.
Purification and analysis of an antigen-specific suppressor factor from a T cell hybridoma specific for phenyltrimethylamino hapten.

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Abstract The synthetic monovalent antigen L-tyrosine-p-azophenyltri-methylammonium (tyr (TMA)) induces in A/J mice, a cascade of regulatory T cells in the absence of any detectable effector function (e.g., CTL, delayed-type hypersensitivity, etc.). An important component of the activated T cells is a first order suppressor T cell or Ts1 that is Ly-1+2-, functions only at the afferent limb of the anti-TMA response, binds the TMA ligand and bears cross-reactive idiotypes associated with anti-TMA antibodies. This Ts1 produces a suppressor factor (TsF1) that binds the TMA ligand, bears the cross-reactive idiotypes and I-J determinants and functions to induce an idiotype-specific Ts2 population. To study the biochemistry of this TsF, use was made of T cell hybridomas that constitutively produce TMA-TsF1 (8A.1 and 8A.3). The TsF1 was purified from culture supernatant or cell extracts by (NH4)2SO4 precipitation, reverse phase HPLC and either affinity chromatography or by preparative IEF. The TsF1 has an isoelectric point of 6.5 and a m.w. of 26,000 or 62,000 as analyzed by SDS-PAGE or high performance molecular sieve chromatography. Its precipitation in 30 to 40% (NH4)2SO4; elution pattern from reverse phase high performance columns; its capacity to bind to a mAb specific for L-glutamic acid 60L-alanine30-L-tyrosine10 (GAT)-TsF1 strongly suggest that this protein belongs to the same family of proteins as do the GAT-TsF1 described previously. Most noteworthy is that although these TsF1 proteins show remarkable similarities, they are absolutely specific in their biologic activity; TMA-TsF1 will not suppress the response to GAT-BA-TNP and GAT-TsF1 will not suppress the response to TMA-BA-TNP. Thus the TMA-TsF1 represents a second example of a unique group of Ag-specific proteins whose function is to induce or activate other suppressor T cells in the primary immune response to Ag.
Temporary Research Space - The Industrial Road Project - Guangzhou

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Using Guangzhou’s historic Industrial Road as a case study, the project investigates the transformation of everyday life and landscapes in the Chinese megacity. In the Maoist era, Industrial Road typified the emphasis on the city as a site of collectivized industrial production, with State Owned Enterprises and workers housing compounds, densely packed along the five and a half kilometres stretch of road. Today the factories along Industrial Road have either closed or are being relocated to the expanding outskirts of the city. Traditional workers housing and public spaces associated with the factories are being demolished and replaced by spaces of consumption and luxury apartment complexes.\n\n\nProject researchers will share their work in progress in the form of a Temporary Research Space, designed as an open public forum. Guests will be invited to view or handle some of the materials generated so far, including photographs and video of walks and interviews with project participant Mr Li, a resident of Industrial Road and former shipyard worker. John van Aitken, Jane Brake (IUD) and Dr Huizhen Du (GDUFS) will give short presentations, inviting the audience to participate in a dialogue about what is lost and gained in the process of urban change, which is shaping world cities everywhere.\n\n\nThe Industrial Road Project is a collaboration between the Institute of Urban Dreaming (IUD), Salford UK & Dr Du, Guangdong University of Foreign Studies (GDUFS), Guangzhou China. Manchester's Centre for Chinese Contemporary Art will host the space and the event.\n\n \nIUD engages in research, practice and interdisciplinary partnerships about housing and planned environments, with a commitment to spatial justice.\n\nwww.iudblog.org