jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Thermostability investigation of Fatty Acid Binding Protein from Cataglyphis fortis by fluorescence spectroscopy using genetically introduced tryptophan residues

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The desert ant Cataglyphis fortis is one of the hyperthermophilic species of Cataglyphis. It lives in the Sahara desert and forages during the hottest hours of the day when it can get up to 70˚C in the sand. The body temperature of the ant during the foraging runs can reach a maximum of 55˚C. Since C.fortis is one of few eukaryotic hyperthermophilic species, its proteins probably have a high thermostability. Investigating the thermostability can give valuable information about the principles of protein folding and stability in hyperthermophiles.Fatty acid binding proteins (FABPs) have an important role in the cell taking up and transporting fatty acids and regulating metabolic and inflammatory pathways. FABPs have been extensively studied and structures from several species have been determined. The determined structures of all FABPs are very similar why thermostability studies of FABP from C.fortis are highly relevant.Fluorescence spectroscopy is an easy and fast method to measure intrinsic protein fluorescence. Tryptophans were genetically introduced into three different positions in FABP to be used as environmental sensitive probes. Complementing the measurement results with a model of the 3D structure of FABP from C.fortis gave additional information about the ligand binding.The (local) thermostability of the mutants can be detected by shift in wavelength maximum during temperature ramping experiments. All mutants are stabilised in the presence of fatty acids. The mutant with tryptophan positioned closest to the supposed ligand binding residues (Y11W) is most affected. The mutant with tryptophan situated farthest from the supposed binding residues (Y52W) shows a stabilisation of Tm less evident than for Y11W. Thus, the structural changes following fatty acid binding are more obvious in the environment close to the binding site.However, the third mutant C87W shows no significant stabilisation although positioned closer to the fatty acid binding site than Y52. This is probably due to the size difference between the original and introduced amino acid in the mutation. Since the high value of the starting λmax for C87W implies that C87W is quite exposed to the aqueous solvent, the residue is likely to not have subsumed in the protein tertiary structure.Further, the myristic acid stabilise the melting temperature of all the mutants while octanoic acid only has a local effect of Y11W increasing the cooperativity. This implies different binding properties and that myristic acid stabilise the entire protein while octanoic acid only has a local stabilisation effect around the ligand binding site.
Retardation of dark inducedin vitro alterations in photosystem 2 organisation of cowpea leaf discs by combination of Ca<sup>2+</sup> and benzyladenine

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) leaf discs incubated in the dark in solutions with CaCl2 and benzyladenine (BA) maintained higher concentration of chlorophylls and proteins and higher activity of photosystem 2 (PS2) than controls. The effect of CaCl2 and BA in combination was additive.
Donna R. Gabaccia and Fraser Ottanelli, editors. Italian Workers of the World: Labor Migration and the Formation of Multiethnic States. (Statue of Liberty-Ellis Island Centennial Series.) Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press. 2001. Pp. xvi, 248. $35.00

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Journal Article Donna R. Gabaccia and Fraser Ottanelli, editors. Italian Workers of the World: Labor Migration and the Formation of Multiethnic States. (Statue of Liberty-Ellis Island Centennial Series.) Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press. 2001. Pp. xvi, 248. $35.00 Get access Gabaccia Donna R. and Ottanelli Fraser, editors. Italian Workers of the World: Labor Migration and the Formation of Multiethnic States. (Statue of Liberty-Ellis Island Centennial Series.) Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press. 2001. Pp. xvi, 248. $35.00. Janet E. Worrall Janet E. Worrall University of Northern Colorado Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The American Historical Review, Volume 107, Issue 4, October 2002, Pages 1193–1195, https://doi.org/10.1086/ahr/107.4.1193-a Published: 01 October 2002
Multi-objective Operation Optimization of Electric-gas-thermal Integrated Energy System for Improving Wind Power Accommodation Capacity

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

With the increase of wind power installed capacity, its accommodation capacity becomes a huge challenge because of its uncertainty and intermittency. The introduction of power to gas(P2G) equipment makes it possible to improve wind power accommodation capacity. In this paper, a multi-objective operation optimization problem of electric-gas-thermal integrated energy system (IES) for improving wind power accommodation capacity is considered. First, an electric-gas-thermal IES model with P2G equipment considering a set of operation constraints is established. Then, it is transformed into a multi-objective operation optimization problem to minimize the operation cost and wind curtailment. Furthermore, an artificial bee colony algorithm is proposed to solve the optimization problem. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is verified by various scenarios of 9 nodes simulation with IES test system.
Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-hyperglycemic activity of aqueous and methanolic extract of Houttuynia cordata: an in vitro and in vivo study

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Available synthetic antioxidants such as butylated hydroxyl anisole, butylated hydroxyl toluene, propyl gallate, and ascorbic acid exhibit several side effects. To curb these side effects, more effective, less toxic, and cost-effective drugs are required. Therefore, this study aims to screen and evaluate the antioxidant as well as the anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic potential of Houttuynia cordata collected from Mairang village, West Khasi Hills, Meghalaya, India using several standard methods. The aqueous and methanolic extracts of H. cordata were evaluated by screening their ability to scavenge 1,1-diphenyl-2-dipicrylhydrozyl, 2,2-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), hydrogen peroxide, and nitric oxide. Total phenol and flavonoid content was measured by Folin-Ciocalteau and by AlCl3 colorimetric method respectively. The anti-inflammatory activity of the plant was determined using the protein denaturation method. Methanolic and aqueous extracts of Houttuynia cordata exhibit varying free radical scavenging and anti-inflammatory activity. Among the extracts used in the study, the methanolic extract of Houttuynia cordata elicited a higher activity than the aqueous extract. Houttuynia cordata also elicited a marked reduction in blood glucose level of normal and alloxan-induced diabetic mice. Flavonoids, which have been reported to possess anti-inflammatory, enzyme inhibition, antimicrobial, anticancer, antiallergy, and antioxidant properties may contribute towards the free radical scavenging and anti-inflammatory effect of Houttuynia cordata.
Schematic Model of a 6-αChain State

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Previously we have presented calculations for \ensuremath{\alpha}-chain states using the Bloch-Brink model. Here we develop an approximate coupled channels model of a 6-\ensuremath{\alpha} chain state. We consider the scattering of two lighter \ensuremath{\alpha}-chain nuclei using double folded potentials. An analysis of these potentials shows that they can be approximated by a potential whose matrix elements are separable for the aligned configuration. The coupled equations are then solved approximately using an adiabatic approximation. We show that the model leads to resonances with properties similar to the configurations predicted by the Bloch-Brink model. We compare the calculated properties of these resonances with the known properties of the resonance observed in ${}^{12}\mathrm{C}{+}^{12}\mathrm{C}$ scattering at ${E}_{\mathrm{CM}}\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}32.5\mathrm{MeV}$.
Giant Arachnoid Cyst Located on Right Temporal Lobe Applied to the Emergency Department With Complaint of Headache: A Case Report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Arachnoid cysts constitute approximately 1% of intracranial masses and they are cystic lesions usually located on extraaxial region between dura and the brain. They usually show symptoms in the early years. Incidence of showing symptoms decrease with increasing age, some giant arachnoid cysts even become completely asymptomatic and they are detected incidentally during autopsies. Herein we reported a case who applied to the emergency department with complaint of headache and diagnosed as arachnoid cyst located on right temporal lobe and operated on thereafter. A 17-year-old male patient suffered from headache occasionally was applied to our emergency department as his headache aggravated. A cystic lesion occupying almost half of the right hemisphere and impressing on lateral ventricle was detected on computed cranial tomography of the patient whose neurological examination was found normal. The lesion was found to be consistent with arachnoid cyst on diffusion magnetic resonance ımaging carried out for differential diagnosis. Arachnoid cysts can lead to non-specific symptoms as well as they can be asymptomatic. Indications and methods of surgical treatment for these cysts are currently controversial
A randomised controlled clinical study of standard triple therapy, bismuth-based quadruple therapy and sequential therapy for Helicobacter pylori infection in children

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract

Background and aim Bismuth and non-bismuth quadruple therapy are the guideline-recommended first-line therapy in children with Helicobacter pylori infection in areas with high antibiotic resistance. However, their efficacy in children is uncertain and there are few well-designed studies. Here, we evaluated the eradication rates of standard triple therapy, bismuth-based quadruple therapy and sequential therapy in children with H. pylori infection. Methods A randomised controlled trial was conducted in children infected with H. pylori in West China Second Hospital. They were randomly assigned to 14-day standard triple therapy (omeprazole + amoxicillin + clarithromycin), 14-day bismuth quadruple therapy (bismuth + omeprazole + amoxicillin + clarithromycin) and 10-day sequential therapy (omeprazole + amoxicillin for 5 days followed by omeprazole + clarithromycin + metronidazole for 5 days). The eradication rate was assessed by a 13C-urea breath test 4 to 6 weeks after therapy completion. Symptom improvement and adverse events were compared among the groups. Results In total, 132 patients were enrolled. The eradication rates of 14-day standard triple therapy, 14-day bismuth quadruple therapy and 10-day sequential therapy were 70.0%, 78.9% and 50.0% in per-protocol analysis and 63.6%, 68.2% and 43.2% in intention-to-treat analysis, respectively. Symptom improvement and adverse drug event rates were similar in the three groups. Conclusion The three therapeutic regimens evaluated in this study are equally not recommendable for H. pylori infection treatment due to unsatisfactory eradication rates. The high prevalence of clarithromycin resistance makes the use of clarithromycin-based quadruple therapy not advisable, even in combination with amoxicillin and bismuth salts.
A comparison of a formal triage scoring system and a quick-look triage approach

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background Emergency Department (ED) triage systems have become increasingly comprehensive over time, requiring ever more resources such as nursing time and computer support. There are very few studies that have looked at whether this increased complexity results in improved performance. Objectives This study looked at one aspect of performance, comparing reliability of triage nurses’ (TNs) triage scores utilizing a simple quick-look method with a commonly used, resource-intense, five-level triage system. Methods This observational study of TNs was carried out in two urban tertiary-care hospital EDs, in real time, assessing patients arriving consecutively. Immediately upon patients’ arrival, TNs were asked to assign triage scores based simply on their observation of the patient and the chief complaint. The patient was then triaged in the department’s usual way, utilizing a computer-assisted five-level triage system [Canadian Triage and Acuity Scale (CTAS)]. Agreement between scores was quantified. κ scores were calculated, and weighted by the CTAS score. Results A total of 496 triage assessments were included. Percent agreement between the quick-look method and the standard CTAS method was 84.5%. κ scores were moderately high. Fourteen patients (2.6%), ultimately classified as CTAS 1 or 2, initially received lower scores from TNs using the quick-look method. No comparison of validity was assessed. Conclusion TNs assigning triage scores to ED patients on arrival, using only chief complaint and observation, were statistically comparable to scores assigned utilizing a resource-intense, comprehensive triage system, but clinically significant discrepancies were identified.
Edpuzzle Application in Improving Nursing Students' Metric and Drug Dose Calculation Skills in a Virtual Learning Environment: Mixed Methods Study

Field: Nursing (Health Sciences)

Objective: This study aims to determine the effect of Edpuzzle application on nursing students' metric conversion and drug dose calculation skills. Methods: 84 nursing students participated in parallel groups in the mixed model single-blind randomized controlled study, conducted between April and June 2021.Data were collected using a descriptive features form, metric and drug dose calculation skill test. After all students completed the theoretical lessons, a pre-application of the skill test was made. After the experimental group students watched the interactive videos in the Edpuzzle application for fifteen days, a final skill test was applied to all students. Then, four focus group interviews were conducted with 28 experimental group students. Results: The last scores of the students in the experimental group, pertaining to metric and drug dose calculation skill test, were higher than those of the students in the control group and were statistically significant (p
Behandeling van tibiaschachtfracturen met plaatosteosynthese

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A retrospective study of 203 fractures of the tibial shaft, treated with ASIF-plate osteosynthesis between 1975 and 1986, revealed that the rate of osteitis and pseudarthrosis in closed and first-degree open fractures compares favourably with nationwide figures. The same applies to the duration of disability. Early treatment of osteitis, delayed union and pseudarthrosis in all cases led to complete recovery. Moving to modern hospital premises appears to have lowered the prevalence of infectious complications. Despite several negative prognostic factors, the results showed that ASIF-plate osteosynthesis if correctly performed on the right indication, is still the treatment of choice for a large group of patients with fractures of the tibial shaft
Investigating Explanations in Conditional and Highly Automated Driving: The Effects of Situation Awareness and Modality

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

With the level of automation increases in vehicles, such as conditional and highly automated vehicles (AVs), drivers are becoming increasingly out of the control loop, especially in unexpected driving scenarios. Although it might be not necessary to require the drivers to intervene on most occasions, it is still important to improve drivers' situation awareness (SA) in unexpected driving scenarios to improve their trust in and acceptance of AVs. In this study, we conceptualized SA at the levels of perception (SA L1), comprehension (SA L2), and projection (SA L3), and proposed an SA level-based explanation framework based on explainable AI. Then, we examined the effects of these explanations and their modalities on drivers' situational trust, cognitive workload, as well as explanation satisfaction. A three (SA levels: SA L1, SA L2 and SA L3) by two (explanation modalities: visual, visual + audio) between-subjects experiment was conducted with 340 participants recruited from Amazon Mechanical Turk. The results indicated that by designing the explanations using the proposed SA-based framework, participants could redirect their attention to the important objects in the traffic and understand their meaning for the AV system. This improved their SA and filled the gap of understanding the correspondence of AV's behavior in the particular situations which also increased their situational trust in AV. The results showed that participants reported the highest trust with SA L2 explanations, although the mental workload was assessed higher in this level. The results also provided insights into the relationship between the amount of information in explanations and modalities, showing that participants were more satisfied with visual-only explanations in the SA L1 and SA L2 conditions and were more satisfied with visual and auditory explanations in the SA L3 condition.
Influence of a Pilot Nutrition Education Program on Dietary Knowledge among Undergraduate College Students

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objective and Participants: The objective of this study was to determine if a nutrition education program, Everyday Healthy Eating on Campus (EHEC), resulted in positive healthy eating perceptions and behaviors among 103 undergraduates. Methods: Students from eight dormitories (n = 42) and five classrooms (n = 61) completed a shortened Diet and Health Knowledge Survey (DHKS) prior to and one month after EHEC. Another 153 students from eight dormitories (n = 56) and five classrooms (n = 62) were the comparison group. Results: Students that completed EHEC increased their perceived value of eating a diet moderate in salt and sugar, low in saturated fat, adequate in fiber, eating a variety of foods, and consuming a diet with adequate carbohydrate containing foods (p < 0.05). No significant differences were found in comparison group surveys (p > 0.05). Conclusions: A simple one session college nutrition education program focusing on specific campus dining strategies appears to positively affect undergraduate students’ perceived value of healthy eating.
Mixed Statements: The Safe Harbor's Rocky Shore

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In this essay, the author analyzes how to apply the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act’s safe harbor for forward-looking statements to “mixed statements” – in which statements about the past or present are intertwined with statements about the future. The author identifies three categories of mixed statement that are the subject of frequent litigation, demonstrates the courts’ disagreement about their treatment, and – drawing from the statutory text and policy rationales – recommends how the safe harbor should apply to each category of statement. In particular, the author argues that (1) statements of historical or current fact that underlie predictions should not be protected by the safe harbor; (2) statements about the present that necessarily incorporate predictions should be protected by the safe harbor; and (3) statements that contain both present and future components should be bifurcated, with the safe harbor protecting only those portions that predict.
Sequence-specific cleavage of DNA by N-bromoacetyldistamycin. Product and kinetic analyses

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

N-Bromoacetyldistamycin (BO) is a designed molecule with two structural domains with distinct functions: sequence specific binding to double helical DNA and cleavage of the DNA backbone. An electrophilic bromoacetyl group is appended to the amino end of the tripeptide from the natural product distamycin A. Footprinting studies reveal that N-bromoacetyldistamycin binds within minutes to a 167 base pair (bp) restriction fragment at four A,T rich sites five base pairs in size, 5'-TTTAA, GTTTA, AAATT, and GAAAT-3'. After a reaction time of 5 h at 37 °C, cleavage occurs at a single adenine in the GTTTA site in this 167 bp restriction fragment following a piperidine workup procedure. Covalent attachment of BD occurs at N3 of adenine. 3-(Acetyldistamycin)adenine is the released product from the reaction of BD with a 15 base pair oligonucleotide duplex 5'-CGGTAGTTTATCACA-3' at 37 °C. The 3' and 5' DNA termini at the site of cleavage after piperidine treatment are phosphate groups. Alkylation of adenine in duplex DNA by BD is described by a first-order rate process. The rate constant for alkylation of N3 of adenine at the sequence 5'-GTTTA-3' is k = 5.39 X 10^(-6)s^(-1) (t_(1/2) = 35.7 h) at 37 °C. The cleavage specificities of the synthetic molecule, N-bromoacetyldistamycin, and the natural product, CC-1065, were compared on the 167 bp restriction fragment. After a reaction time of 1 h at 37 °C, CC-1065 cleaves at 13 adenines whereas BD shows cleavage at one adenine. The differences in covalent binding specificity between CC-1065 and BD may be related to sequence dependent reactivity in both cases but sequence dependent binding being additionally important in the latter.
Analysis of the wild-type and mutant genes encoding the enzyme kynurenine monooxygenase of the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Kynurenine 3-monooxygenase (KMO) catalyses the hydroxylation of kynurenine to 3-hydroxykynurenine. KMO has a key role in tryptophan catabolism and synthesis of ommochrome pigments in mosquitoes. The gene encoding this enzyme in the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti, is called kynurenine hydroxylase (kh) and a mutant allele that produces white eyes has been designated kh(w). A number of cDNA clones representative of wild-type and mutant genes were isolated. Sequence analyses of the wild-type and mutant cDNAs revealed a deletion of 162 nucleotides in the mutant gene near the 3′-end of the deduced coding region. RT-PCR analyses confirm the transcription of a truncated mRNA in the mutant strain. The in-frame deletion results in a loss of 54 amino acids, which disrupts a major α-helix and which probably accounts for the loss of activity of the enzyme. Recombinant Ae. aegypti KMO showed high substrate specificity for kynurenine with optimum activity at 40 °C and pH = 7.5. Kinetic parameters and inhibition of KMO activity by Cl(−) and pyridoxal-5-phosphate were determined.