jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Multiperspektivisch denken und lehren

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Chaplains in clinical settings have to prove their competency in questions of clinical bioethics on three levels: in counselling patients and relatives, in cooperating with other professions within the organisational context, and through their engagement in teaching. The essay presents the experience of involvement of health care chaplaincy within the context of a university hospital in counselling patients and teaching med school students. It shows the necessity to focus on ethical competency of pastoral care staff within a multiprofessional context.
O Processo de Criação do Tradutor

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This essay shows how the methodology of Genetic Criticism can help Translation Studies and vice-versa. It proposes an interdisciplinary approach. This argument is illustrated through the analysis of manuscripts produced by the Italian poet Virgillito. In dealing with this complex corpus, principles of Genetic Criticism and of Descriptive Translation Studies have been used in line with the new paradigm of the systemic approach. It aims to combine different fields of study, as well as to analyze, describe, gather more knowledge about and explain this subject
Effect of Bispectral Index versus End Tidal Anaesthetic Gas Concentration on Time to Tracheal Extubation for Isoflurane Based General AnaesthesiaA Prospective Observational Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Modalities like Bispectral Index Monitoring (BIS) and End Tidal Anaesthetic Gas (ETAG) concentration guided anaesthesia have been used to study the intraoperative awareness but their efficacy for achieving early tracheal extubation has not been established. Aim: To compare the effect of BIS monitoring and ETAG concentration guided anaesthesia on time to tracheal extubation and haemodynamics for isoflurane based general anaesthesia. Materials and Methods: This prospective observational cohort study was conducted in the Department of Anaesthesiology at Mahatma Gandhi Memorial Government Medical College and MY Hospital, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India, from June 2020 to June 2021. Total 60 patients with American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) status I and II who received isoflurane based general anaesthesia were included in study. Depending upon the modality being used by the anaesthesiologist to monitor and maintain the depth of anaesthesia, the patients were allocated in equal numbers into two group. Group B received BIS guided anaesthesia, where BIS value was kept between 40 and 60 and group E received ETAG concentration guided anaesthesia, where Minimum Alveolar Concentration (MAC) was kept between 0.7 to 1.3. Tracheal extubation time was recorded from stopping all anaesthetic agents upto the time of extubation. Unpaired t-test was applied for analysis of data. Results: The mean tracheal extubation time was significantly longer in the BIS group (21.14±2.23 minutes) as compared to ETAG group (15.20±1.27 minutes). All hemodynamic parameters i.e., pulse rate, mean arterial pressure and saturation remained within normal limits and were comparable between the two groups at all the time intervals. Conclusion: The tracheal extubation time is significantly longer in BIS guided anaesthesia as compared to ETAG guided anaesthesia. The ETAG monitoring promotes earlier extubation of patients as compared to BIS monitoring in isoflurane based general anaesthesia.
Using antipatterns to improve the quality of FLOSS development

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Antipatterns have been mostly reported in closed source software environments. With the advent of Free/Libre Open Source Software (FLOSS), researchers have started analysing popular FLOSS projects, seeking vitality indicators and success patterns. However, an impressively high percentage of FLOSS projects are unsuccessful. Moreover, even in the successful cases of FLOSS there can be found tracks of failed attempts, dead-ends, forks, abandonments etc. FLOSS antipatterns can help developers to improve their code and improve the communication and collaboration within the FLOSS community. In this paper, we present some example of FLOSS antipatterns and discuss the benefits that they bring to various FLOSS user roles. Furthermore, we present ontology-based technology and software tools that can be used to assist FLOSS developers and community users to identify, document, share antipatterns and use these mechanisms to assist FLOSS projects conform to specified requirements. Finally, we propose a framework for the quantitative identification of the antipatterns to use as quality indicators in the certification of FLOSS products.
[Preoperative perspective versus postoperative functional assessment of surgery in chronic mitral regurgitation].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Thirty patients with chronic pure mitral regurgitation who underwent mitral valve replacement during 1981 to 1986 were evaluated for pre- and one year postoperative left ventricular function using two dimensional echogram. Indicators in their evaluation were DdI, DsI, MassI and systolic and diastolic R/Th. Postoperatively, patients (n = 7) were placed in a group of abnormal responses if even one of these indicators of left ventricular function became worse than preoperative performance, patients in this group were symptomatic and two subsequently died. The postoperative FS and mVcf data fort this group were significantly lower than the patients with normal response group (n = 23). These two groups could not be differentiated by preoperative assessments of either DdI, MassI, systolic/diastolic T/Th or normalized systolic/diastolic peak velocity. However, a combination of normalized systolic peak velocity lower than 1.70 and diastolic peak velocity lower than 2.20 of left ventricular wall motion proved to be good predictors of postoperative results.
Some Problems on Poisson’s Ratio in the Earth‘s Crust

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Instead of the time-distance graph, the P-S diagram is effectively employed to estimate the value of Poisson’s ratio in the earth’s crust. This diagram is advantageous, especially to detect its local anomaly or distribution. The obtained results are as follows: Applying this method to eighteen earthquakes occurring in south-western Japan, the domain with anomalously large Poisson’s ratio was found in the Kyushu district. This hints to the possibility of an existence of a local magmatic reservoir. The azimuthal distribution of the crustal Poisson’s ratio in case of earthquake occurrence was investigated and it was found to be considerably different in the push- and pull-zone of initial seismic motion. This may be related to the state of stress accumulation causing the earthquake occurrence.
Knowledge and attitudes toward prospective married individual’s willingness to take premarital screening tests at Jouf University, Saudi Arabia

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objectives: To explore the factors influencing prospective married individuals' willingness to undergo premarital screening tests in the Jouf Region, Saudi Arabia. Methodology: This cross-sectional descriptive study included 378 participants aged 18-30 years from both genders. A non-probabilistic convenience sampling method was used. A validated questionnaire was utilized. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression analysis were employed to identify significant predictors of willingness to participate in premarital screening tests. Results: Age, gender, educational level, and marital status were significant predictors of willingness to undergo premarital screening (p-value 0.0125, 0.0421, 0.0022, 0.0015, respectively). Males and younger individuals exhibited lower willingness, while higher educational levels and being married increased the likelihood of favoring premarital screening. The belief in the necessity of premarital screening emerged as a strong positive predictor of willingness. Conclusion: This study highlights the influence of demographic and attitudinal factors on the acceptance of premarital screening tests in the Jouf Region. Targeted interventions, educational campaigns, and community engagement strategies addressing these factors are essential for promoting the widespread adoption of premarital screening programs.
Hazara virus infection is lethal for adult type I interferon receptor-knockout mice and may act as a surrogate for infection with the human-pathogenic Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever virus

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Hazara virus (HAZV) is closely related to the Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV). HAZV has not been reported to cause human disease; work with infectious material can be carried out at containment level (CL)-2. By contrast, CCHFV causes a haemorrhagic fever in humans and requires CL-4 facilities. A disease model of HAZV infection in mice deficient in the type I interferon receptor is reported in this study. Dose–response effects were seen with higher doses, resulting in a shorter time to death and earlier detection of viral loads in organs. The lowest dose of 10 p.f.u. was still lethal in over 50 % of the mice. Histopathological findings were identified in the liver, spleen and lymph nodes, with changes similar to a recent mouse model of CCHFV infection. The findings demonstrate that inoculation of mice with HAZV may act as a useful surrogate model for the testing of antiviral agents against CCHFV.
What are the measures taken to prevent COVID-19 infection among healthcare workers? A retrospective study in a cluster of primary care clinics in Singapore

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objective To examine factors contributing to the low COVID-19 infectivity rate among healthcare workers in SingHealth Polyclinics (SHP), Singapore, from February to July 2020. Design Retrospective description, analysis and discussion of the factors and their contribution. Setting Single-institution study. Methods We describe and discuss the healthcare policies, infrastructure, people and processes contributing to the low COVID-19 infectivity rate in SHP. There were 1212 full-time and 198 contract staff. Of these, 171 SHP employees also supported the work in dormitories, isolation and community care facilities. During the review period, healthcare workers (HCWs) in SHP managed about 867 076 patient attendances, including 63 503 for upper respiratory tract infections, across its cluster of eight polyclinics. 29 642 swabs for COVID-19 were performed in SHP, with 126 positive results. 395 swabs were carried out in the dormitories and 59 were positive. Despite the high exposure, only two SHP staff were infected with COVID-19. Both have recovered well. Results Provision of adequate personal protection equipment, zonal segregation of high-risk patients, reduction in physical patient visits, effective staff communication, implementation of self-declared temperature monitoring and the maintenance of sustainable workload and work hours of HCWs contributed to the mitigation of COVID-19 infection risk among our staff. Conclusions Until the widespread uptake of safe and effective vaccines against COVID-19, these measures are important in protecting HCWs. They are also important when managing future pandemics of similar nature to COVID-19.
Preparation, chromatographic enantiomer separation, ultraviolet–visible and circular dichroism spectra, and barriers to rotation of chiral twisted 1-acyl-1-thioacyl- and 1,1-bis(thioacyl)-2,2-diaminoethylenes

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Three 1-acyl-1-thioacyl-2,2-diaminoethylenes and three dithio analogues with the amino groups included in a six-membered ring and carrying unlike groups (Pri and PhCH2) have been prepared by thiation of the oxygen analogues. These compounds are strongly twisted about the double bond, and four of them with unlike (thio)acyl groups are chiral and have been preparatively resolved by chromatography on swollen, microcrystalline triacetylcellulose. C.d. spectra have been recorded, and free energy barriers to rotation through the planar state (123–127 kJ mol–1) have been determined by monitoring the thermal recemization. Owing to the twist about the formal double bond, the compounds are best described as internal amidinium 1-(thio)acylvinyl-2-thiolates, and the electronic transitions are interpreted with the aid of CNDO/S calculations to occur partly in the (thio)acylvinylthiolate group, partly as charge transfer between this and the amidinium group. The latter transitions are made possible by overlap between the thiocarbonyl lone pair orbitals and the π* orbital in the amidinium group.
Isolation spore production and Kochs postulates of <i>Elsinoe pyri</i>

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Elsinoe leaf and fruit spot is a minor disease of apple and pear Very little is known of the biology and life cycle of the causal agent Elsinoe pyri The fungus was isolated from spots on apple fruit and grew very slowly on potato dextrose agar (PDA) The conditions needed for spore production were examined using different culturing media plating techniques and culture ages When small pieces of a 2 to 6weekold culture from PDA were subcultured onto corn meal agar for 2 days viable conidia were produced Conidial germination occurred between 10C and 26C with the highest germination percentage at 20C and 26C and greatest germination tube elongation at 20C At least 200 conidia per leaf were required to infect Royal Gala leaves Typical elsinoe spots were visible 6 weeks after inoculation Four months after inoculation conidia from the spots were reisolated onto PDA and grew into typical colonies of E pyri
Experiencing anxiety in breast cancer survival: Does perceived emotional intelligence matter?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background The specialized literature shows that breast cancer (BC) survivors have a certain vulnerability to express anxiety about the changes that the disease entails in their lives. Breast cancer is a specific adverse circumstance, but women who have not experienced this disease may also be exposed to other anxiety‐provoking life crises. In both cases, perceived emotional intelligence (PEI)—consisting of emotional attention (EA), emotional clarity (EC), and emotional repair (ER)—seems to impact on such emotional distress. Objective To identify the mechanism through which PEI may mediate the relationship between BC survivorship, compared to a controlled group, and anxiety. Methods 636 women were divided into two groups: 56 BC survivors and 580 healthy controls. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and the Trait Meta‐Mood Scale were administered. Results BC survivors differed from the control group in showing lower levels of EA and higher levels of ER. The global mediation model showed an explanatory capacity of 27% on anxiety ( p = 0.000). Four significant indirect effects were obtained: two acted as risk pathways and the other two as protective pathways. The strongest effect indicated an increase in anxiety in BC survivors due to the mediated effect of low EA and EC. Conclusions Knowing the impact of PEI on anxiety on disease survival could be the empirical basis for developing interventions to improve psychological adjustment at the end of treatments.
DeAlmas Latinas (The Souls of Latina Women)

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract This project explored how die collaborative creation of a psychospiritual group process that is culturally relevant can empower U.S. born Latinas in their lives and begin the process of soul reclamation and healing for this population of women. This article examines how spiritual work grounded in the socio-cultural context is therapeutic and healing when working with Latinas. The Latino/a cultural world view speaks to the effectiveness of homogenous group work within this community. The different spiritual traditions that exist within the Latino/a diaspora and the role of women in these traditions are discussed to inform the reader of the inherent therapeutic tools within Latino/a spirituality that encourage wholeness. There were five U.S. born Latinas, between the ages of 23-26, of different backgrounds who participated in this group process. Eight group sessions of 3 hours were conducted over a period of eight weeks. Topics of discussion chosen by the members of this group included Family, Relationships with Men, Body Esteem/Sexuality, Creativity and Careers, and Spirituality. This process began the organizational work of DeAlmas Latinas, which offers psychospiritual group workshops and retreats to the Latina community.
Formal and non-formal digital practices: institutionalizing transactional learning spaces in a media classroom

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article examines how a classroom procedure known as PGE (Plan/Go-through/Evaluate) group work aims at integrating formal and non-formal media experiences and practices into classroom-based media learning. The study displays, on the one hand, how PGE group work emerged and was institutionally embedded in a media course. On the other hand, the study displays how students in this media course negotiated with their teachers by drawing on out-of-school media experiences and production practices in the process of planning classroom work. Empirically, the study draws on ethnographic observation of a vocational media studies course in the age range between 16 and 19 years at the upper secondary level in Norway. Video observations from several hours of PGE group work are analysed in order to document how students are involved in co-planning classroom work together with the course teachers. The analysis is based on cultural historical activity theory (CHAT). This theoretical position is applied in order to foreground tensions between formal institutional obligations and non-formal practices that surface in the classroom, and how an institutional measure such as PGE group work creates a transactional space for handling these differences.
An operational strategy of variable speed pumped storage units considering system flexibility

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

With the continuous increase in the installed capacity proportion of new energy units, the volatility and uncertainty of their output pose a great challenge to the flexibility of the power system. Compared with conventional pumped storage units (CPSU), variable-speed pumped storage units (VSPSU) have a wider operating range and higher efficiency. In order to clarify the advantages of VSPSU in typical application scenarios, this paper conducts research on how to use VSPSU to improve power system flexibility. Power system flexibility refers to the ability of a power system to quickly respond to significant fluctuations in supply or load. Thus, this paper firstly introduces a power system flexibility calculation method considering uncertainty and converts it into corresponding economic benefit indicators. Secondly, based on the structural characteristics of VSPSU, the operational constraint equations are confirmed. Then, considering the operational cost, its impact on system flexibility and the operation constraints, a day-ahead dispatching operation strategy of VSPSU is proposed using the bacterial colony chemotaxis algorithm under the scenario of a high proportion of new energy units. By adjusting the operation conditions and output power of VSPSU, the effect of suppressing system power fluctuations can be achieved.
Resilience-aware management of active distribution networks

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The electric power system is one of the greatest engineering achievements in the history of mankind. Electricity is integral to every part of our economy and society. Therefore, it is essential to make the electricity grid more resilient in facing different extreme events and black outs. In this work, four problems have been investigated to study and improve the resiliency of distribution networks. The first one focuses on the problem of power line congestion which can negatively harm the economy and different equipment in the grid. Two neural network models are used to predict where the congestion might happen and what would be the cause of it. Using these predictions, the problem can be alleviated in time and the resiliency of the grid will be improved. The second problem discusses power management of the distribution network under the occurrence of an extreme event. The problem is formulated as a Markov Decision Process using different agents and is solved using two Reinforcement Learning algorithms, namely, Q-Learning and Value Iteration. This approach is then tested on a benchmark system and the results show a remarkable improvement of the resiliency. The third problem studies the stability and power sharing of parallel inverters in a multi inverter-fed system. A small signal model of the power controller is studied. Further, the system's nonlinear dynamic equations are derived using accurate mathematical models. The system model is then trimmed and linearized around its operating point and the system's control parameters are optimized using Grey Wolf Optimization. Finally, improvement of stability and power sharing are verified by running time domain simulations. The last problem investigates the optimal siting and sizing of energy storage systems in a multi-microgrid system to improve the resiliency. A two-stage optimization method is used to solve the nonlinear and non-convex problem. The first stage involves an Optimal Power Flow and the second stage uses Genetic Algorithm. Further an investment cost based on the sensitivity analysis is introduced to improve the resiliency even further. The effectiveness of this ESS placement is tested on a benchmark system and validated using a fault scenario.
Factors Causing ESL Students' Demotivation to Learn English

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Despite the importance of English language proficiency in Pakistan, many learners struggle to develop a positive attitude towards English language learning. Thereby, this qualitative research study aims to analyze the factors causing ESL (English as a Second Language) college students' demotivation to learn English. The researcher conducted semi-structured interviews with sixteen students from different colleges in Karachi. The study found that difficult course content, non- interactive teaching styles, using English as the medium of instruction, and teachers' attitudes were the major sources of demotivation among the participants. This study emphasizes the importance of motivation in English language learning among ESL students. These findings have implications for ESL teachers in designing effective interactive language instructions that can help students improve their motivation to learn English.
A Hybrid Hesitant Fuzzy Model for Healthcare Systems Ranking of European Countries

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Ranking several countries on a specific area may require the consideration of various factors simultaneously. To obtain a ranking of countries, the development of analytical approaches, which can aggregate opinions of a group of people on various criteria, is essential. The main aim of this study was to propose such a ranking approach for European countries in terms of healthcare services. To this end, a hybrid group decision-making model based on Hesitant Fuzzy Linguistic Terms Set (HFLTS) and Hesitant Fuzzy Technique of Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (HF-TOPSIS) is presented in this study. Importance degree of indicators were determined by the HFLTS-based group decision-making approach, and then HF-TOPSIS was used to obtain the rank of countries. According to the results obtained by the proposed model, Austria, Sweden and Finland are the best European countries in terms of healthcare services. Moreover, two comparative analyses, one for the utilization of different hesitant fuzzy distance measures in HF-TOPSIS and one for the ranking of countries obtained by utilizing TOPSIS, return some variations in country rankings. While Austria remained the best country for all distance measures in the hesitant fuzzy environment, Luxemburg was found to be the best for the deterministic case of TOPSIS.