jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Defining the Content of an Opportunistic Osteoarthritis Consultation With Primary Health Care Professionals: A Delphi Consensus Study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objective To define the core content for an opportunistic consultation between a health care professional (HCP) and a patient with osteoarthritis (OA) in primary care. Methods An ideas generation round and a 2‐round Delphi postal consensus study allowed participants to rank the importance of tasks for an opportunistic consultation. The study was conducted with a lay group (n = 18) and 3 groups of HCPs (n = 30 for general practitioners, n = 19 for practice nurses, and n = 37 for allied health professionals). Results The ideas generation round formulated 35 consultation tasks. There was a 50% response rate to the 2‐round postal exercise (n = 52). Consensus was reached on 12 tasks for an opportunistic OA consultation using a >80% level of agreement across all groups. Three of these consultation tasks were defined at 100%. The 3 tasks were questions asked by the HCP about how things are going with the condition, the type and amount of pain the patient has, and whether the patient is taking regular analgesia. Conclusion In a Delphi study to define the content of an opportunistic primary care OA consultation, 12 consultation tasks provided the content of a comprehensive consultation. Three of these tasks with 100% agreement could be adopted in any multidisciplinary consultation for OA in primary care. Inquiring about the condition, the type and amount of pain the patient has, and whether analgesia is being taken forms a core set of questions that are considered important by both lay and health professional groups in an opportunistic consultation.
The afterlife of a dictatorship: Ismail Kadare’s post-communist reckoning with the Albanian past

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Legal processes of lustration have been carried out unevenly in the wake of Eastern Europe’s communist regimes. In countries where legal and political will is lacking, writers have carried out a role of literary lustration, occupying the empty spaces in civic consciousness and contributing to the rebuilding of social trust. The work of leading Albanian writer Ismail Kadare represents a contemporary case study in literary lustration. In his post-communist novels, Kadare seeks to rebuild a national narrative by exploring the effects of the past on the present and seeking truth, if not necessarily justice, in his country’s immediate past. Kadare’s post-communist novels chronicle the ongoing psychological and social effects of the dictatorship as the past is held to account for the aberrations of the present. Kadare recognizes the human aspects of loss and oppression, showing their political and social consequences for a nation battling to emerge from its traumatic past.
Lumbar Vertebrae: Anatomic and Radiologic Perspectives Related to Surgical Procedures

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The present study was undertaken to determine the surgically relevant parameters of the lumbar vertebrae, including interpedicular distance and vertebral body width. The anteroposterior radiographs of the lumbar vertebrae of 551 (315 women, 236 men) healthy, adult people aged 25 to 50 years were obtained with an electronic digital caliper. The mean values of interpedicular distance were found between 21.2±1.2 mm and 26.1±1.9 mm from the levels of L1 to L5 in women and between 21.9±1.1 mm and 27.3±1.9 mm from the levels of L1 to L5 in men. Additionally, the mean values of vertebral body width were between 36.5±2.6 mm and 43.7±2.8 in women and between 39.8±2.6 mm and 47.2±2.8 mm in men from the levels of L1 to L5.
Parasitic worms and allergies in childhood: Insights from population studies 2008–2013

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract The last few decades have seen a marked increase in the global prevalence of allergic diseases particularly among children. Among the factors attributed to this rise has been reduced exposure to pathogens during childhood leading to insufficient maturation of the regulatory arm of developing immune systems. Over the years, a number of epidemiological studies have observed an inverse relationship between parasitic worm (helminth) infections and allergies. The purpose of this review is to highlight insights from population studies conducted among children published between 2008 and 2013 that explore the complex dynamics between helminth infections and allergies. These insights include the effect of anthelmintic treatment on allergic responses, an elucidation of immune mechanisms and an examination of helminth‐induced immunoglobulin E cross‐reactivity. A better understanding of the relationship between helminths and allergies is imperative as research directions move toward harnessing the therapeutic potential of helminths and their products in the treatment of allergic disorders.
THE ROLE OF ANTIBODY IN EXPERIMENTAL POLIOMYELITIS

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Journal Article THE ROLE OF ANTIBODY IN EXPERIMENTAL POLIOMYELITIS: II. PRODUCTION OF INTRACEREBRAL IMMUNITY IN MONKEYS BY VACCINATION Get access ISABEL M. MORGAN, ISABEL M. MORGAN Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar HOWARD A. HOWE, HOWARD A. HOWE Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar DAVID BODIAN DAVID BODIAN Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar American Journal of Epidemiology, Volume 45, Issue 3, May 1947, Pages 379–389, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a119144 Published: 01 May 1947 Article history Received: 28 February 1947 Published: 01 May 1947
co-BPM: a Bayesian Model for Divergence Estimation

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Divergence is not only an important mathematical concept in information theory, but also applied to machine learning problems such as low-dimensional embedding, manifold learning, clustering, classification, and anomaly detection. We proposed a bayesian model---co-BPM---to characterize the discrepancy of two sample sets, i.e., to estimate the divergence of their underlying distributions. In order to avoid the pitfalls of plug-in methods that estimate each density independently, our bayesian model attempts to learn a coupled binary partition of the sample space that best captures the landscapes of both distributions, then make direct inference on their divergences. The prior is constructed by leveraging the sequential buildup of the coupled binary partitions and the posterior is sampled via our specialized MCMC. Our model provides a unified way to estimate various types of divergences and enjoys convincing accuracy. We demonstrate its effectiveness through simulations, comparisons with the \emph{state-of-the-art} and a real data example.
Synergistic effects of carbon nanotubes and carbon black on the fracture and fatigue resistance of natural rubber composites

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

ABSTRACT The quasi‐static fracture and dynamic fatigue behaviors of natural rubber composites reinforced with hybrid carbon nanotube bundles (CNTBs) and carbon black (CB) at similar hardness values were investigated on the basis of fracture mechanical methods. Mechanical measurement and J ‐integral tests were carried out to characterize the quasi‐static fracture resistance. Dynamic fatigue tests were performed under cyclic constant strain conditions with single‐edged notched test pieces. The results indicate that synergistic effects between CNTBs and CB on the mechanical properties, fracture, and fatigue resistance were obtained. The composite reinforced with 3‐phr CNTBs displayed the strongest fatigue resistance. The synergistic mechanisms and dominating factors of quasi‐static and dynamic failure, such as the dispersion state of nanotubes, hybrid filler network structure, strain‐induced crystallization, tearing energy input, and viscoelastic hysteresis loss, were examined. The weakest fatigue resistance of the composite filled with 5‐phr CNTBs was ascribed to its strikingly high hysteresis, which resulted in marked heat generation under dynamic fatigue conditions. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132 , 42075.
Nature and magnitude of risk in the semi-arid tropics (SAT) of India - a case of Mahabubnagar District in Andhra Pradesh.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Agriculture in the Semi-Arid Tropics (SAT) is almost universally characterized by low
farmer investment in agricultural inputs such as fertilizers, pesticides and seeds. Even
labor inputs and investments in land improvements and irrigation are usually low
compared with other regions of the developing world. Many researchers have carried
out research aimed at testing whether these low investment levels are partly or fully
caused by the risky nature of agriculture in these areas or by the risky nature of farmers
(Binswanger etal, 1979). Risk and risk aversion of farmers is not the only potential
source of low investment or “underinvestment”; it could also result from generally low
profitability (measured as expected returns) or from credit constraints. To establish that
it is risk or risk aversion that lead to underinvestment, empirical knowledge on these
questions is required.
Risks are inescapable in any agriculture..
Paclitaxel and carboplatin chemotherapy in patients with metaststic melanoma refractory to BRAF/MEK inhibitors.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

9552 Background: Metastatic melanoma remains a disease with poor prognosis even in patients with BRAF mutation, treated by BRAF/MEK inhibitors. In many countries immune checkpoints inhibitors which could be used for 2nd line treatment are not registered, or not reimbursed. At the same time, experimantal evidence supports enhancing the effectiveness of chemotherapy after blocking the MAP-kinase pathway. We evaluated the immediate effectiveness of chemotherapy in patients after progression or intolerance on BRAF/MEK inhibitors. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of all patients (pts) who received paclitaxel 175 mg / m2 day1 + carboplatin AUC = 5 day 1 (PC) from January 1 2012 to December 30 2015 (n = 51). Group 1 (n = 22) was treated with BRAF / MEK inhibitors (vemurafenib, dabrafenib, trametinib, encorafenib or binimetinib) before PC, group 2 (n = 29) received no inhibitors of BRAF / MEK prior to PC. Results: Both groups did not differ in demographic characteristics (mean age 51.5 ± 12,7 years in group 1 and 53.9 ± 11,5 years respectively, p = 0.5, males 54.5% and 58.6% respectively, p = 0.78), the primary tumor origin (Unknown 18.2% and 17.2% respectively, skin 79.3% and 81.8% respectively p> 0.5), or the tumor stage at the start of chemo (III unresectable 6.9% and 0%, IV M1a 10.3% and 13.6%, IV M1b 17.2% and 18.2%, IV M1c 65.5% and 68.2%, respectively, p>0.5). BRAF mutations rate was higher in Group 1 (95,5% vs 24,1%, p<0.05). NRAS mutations rate did not differ between groups (4,5% and 13,8% respectively, p>0.05). Best overall response rate was calculated (Table 1). The median time to progression in Group 1 was 15 weeks (95% CI 6.12 to 23.87 months) and 7.0 weeks (95% CI 5.17 to 8,28) in Group 2; p = 0.019, HR = 2,14 (95% CI 1.08 to 4.21). The median overall survival can not be calculated correctly due to short follow-up (median 25 weeks). Conclusions: MAP-kinase pathway inhibition could enhance effetivenes of subsequent chemotherapy with PC. To evaluate the clinical significance of this observation further studies are needed. Best overall response rate. Group 1, n(%) Group 2, n(%) P CR 1 (4.5%) 0 >0.05 PR 8 (36.4%) 1 (3.4%) <0.05 OR 9 (40,9%) 1 (3.4%) <0.05 SD 3 (13.6%) 3 (10.3%) >0.05 PD 10 (45.5%) 25 (86.5%) p = 0.007
The component fatty acids and glycerides of the milk-fat of Indian camels

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Research Article| January 01 1934 The component fatty acids and glycerides of the milk-fat of Indian camels Das Ram Dhingra Das Ram Dhingra 1The Forman Christian College, Lahore, Panjab University Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Author and article information Publisher: Portland Press Ltd © 1934 CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS1934 Biochem J (1934) 28 (1): 73–78. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0280073 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation Das Ram Dhingra; The component fatty acids and glycerides of the milk-fat of Indian camels. Biochem J 1 January 1934; 28 (1): 73–78. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0280073 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Journal Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1934 CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS1934 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Contemporary Art and Post‐National Identities in the State of Palestine

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

For "normalization" understand absorption of Palestinians into the neoliberal global capitalist world order/disorder. The global contemporary art world in Palestine could only emerge, if at all, as a creature intelligible within this broader system as it took root in the local conditions. This chapter focuses on the culture industry in Palestine and Palestinian museums-of-art-in-waiting. It then describes the "NGO-ization" of the contemporary art world in the state of Palestine. Some NGO-funded art colleges opened after the Oslo agreements, such as the International Academy of Art-Palestine in Ramallah, which, along with Al Najah and Al Quds universities, are the only higher education institutions currently offering formal qualifications in art practice in the State of Palestine. The Gaza-born artist Tayseer Barakat runs a café in Ramallah. Barakat's catalogue of images and texts, published as Dust, Dialogue, Iron, was exhibited at Ramallah's Al Mahatta Gallery Station in 2009.
PLANT TISSUE Sampling Guidelines

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Recommended timing Early growth samples may be collected any time after the appearance of the first trifoliate leaves. Samples may also be taken during early bloom and full bloom. Early bloom is characterized by the appearance of blossoms on at least 50% of the plants. Full bloom represents a shift from vegetative growth to reproductive growth, and the plant will have nearly reached its full vegetative size. Blossoms will be observed on all of the plants, and some of the earliest blooms will have already set small beans on plants which are in full bloom. A pre-harvest tissue sample may also be desired in situations where fine tuning of the fertility plan is still ongoing. The pre-harvest sample should be taken after bloom is complete, and before senescence of the leaves begins. Sampling
Linking Appellate Judgments to Tribunal Judgments – Benchmarking Different ML Techniques

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The typical judicial pathway is made of a judgment by a tribunal followed by a decision of an appellate court. However, the link between both documents is sometimes difficult to establish because of missing, incorrect or badly formatted references, pseudonymization, or poor drafting specific to each jurisdiction. This paper first shows that it is possible to link court decisions related to the same case although they are from different jurisdictions using manual rules. The use of deep learning afterwards significantly reduces the error rate in this task. The experiments are conducted between the Commercial Court of Paris and Appellate Courts.
Statistical Dependence of Albedo and Cloud Cover on Sea Surface Temperature for Two Tropical Marine Stratocumulus Regions

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The relationship between sea surface temperature (SST) and albedo or cloud cover is examined for two tropical regions with high values of cloud radiative forcing and persistent marine stratocumulus (mSc)-one off the west coast of Peru, the other off the west coast of Angola. The data span five years, from December 1984 to November 1989. Albedos are from the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE), cloud covers are from the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP), and SSTS are from the Climate Analysis Center. Negative correlation coefficients between albedo and SST are found to be about -0.8 when the seasonal variation of the entire dataset is analyzed. The interannual variation and the spatial variation of individual months also yields correlation coefficients that are negative. The correlation between cloud cover and SST is found to be similar to but weaker than the correlation between albedo and SST, suggesting a decrease in cloud amount and a decrease in cloud albedo with increasing SST for these regions. The corresponding albedo sensitivity averages -0.018/K with local values reaching -0.04/K. These findings are valid from 19 C to 25 C for the Peru mSc and 22 C to 27 C for the Angola mSc. These temperatures approximately bound the domains over which mSc is the prevalent cloud type within each region. These results imply a potential positive feedback to global warming by marine stratocumulus that ranges from approximately 0.14 W/sq m/K to approximately 1 W/sq m/K, depending on whether or not our results apply to all marine stratocumulus. While these values are uncertain to at least +/- 50%, the sensitivity of albedo to sea surface temperature in the present climate may serve as a useful diagnostic tool in monitoring the performance of global climate models.
Isolation and characterization of an autonomously replicating sequence from Ustilago maydis.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

DNA fragments that function as autonomously replicating sequences (ARSs) have been isolated from Ustilago maydis. When inserted into an integrative transforming vector, the fragments increased the frequency of U. maydis transformation several-thousandfold. ARS-containing plasmids were transmitted in U. maydis as extrachromosomal elements through replication. They were maintained at a level of about 25 copies per cell but were mitotically unstable. One ARS characterized in detail, which we called UARS1, was localized to a 1.7-kilobase fragment. UARS1 contained a cluster of active sequences. This element could be reduced further into three separate subfragments, each of which retained ARS activity. The smallest one was 383 base pairs (bp) long. Although not active itself in yeast, this small fragment contained seven 8-bp direct repeats, two contiguous 30-bp direct repeats, and five 11-bp units in both orientations with sequences similar but not identical to the consensus sequence found to be crucial for ARS activity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Inhibition of TNF-α-Induced Collagen Degradation and Oxidative Damage by Centipeda minima and Brevilin A in Human Dermal Fibroblasts

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Skin aging and inflammatory skin lesions are exacerbated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated in the mitochondria of human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs). These oxidative stressors degrade the extracellular matrix (ECM), promote inflammation, and accelerate skin aging. Antioxidants that suppress reactive oxygen species (ROS) production play a crucial role in mitigating these effects. This study investigated the protective effects of Centipeda minima (CMX) and its active constituent, brevilin A, against tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)-induced oxidative stress and ECM degradation in normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDFs). Both CMX and brevilin A significantly inhibited TNF-α-induced elevations in ROS, nitric oxide (NO), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels, thereby reducing oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. Additionally, they effectively suppressed matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) expression and restored the procollagen I α1 (COLIA1) levels, indicating their potential to preserve ECM integrity. Mechanistically, brevilin A selectively inhibited ERK phosphorylation in the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, suggesting its role in regulating collagen degradation and inflammation. These findings highlight that CMX and brevilin A are promising natural agents for protection against skin aging and inflammation. However, further in vivo studies are necessary to validate their efficacy and explore their potential applications in dermatological formulations.
Effects of Trp64Arg Mutation in the β3-Adrenergic Receptor Gene on Weight Loss, Body Fat Distribution, Glycemic Control, and Insulin Resistance in Obese Type 2 Diabetic Patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of Trp64Arg mutation in the β3-adrenergic receptor gene on weight loss, body fat distribution, glycemic control, and insulin resistance in obese type 2 diabetic patients. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We measured body weight, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), adjusted resting metabolic rate, fasting blood glucose, fasting serum insulin levels, insulin resistance index (fasting glucose × fasting insulin/22.5), and HbA1c levels before and after 12 weeks of obesity treatment in 61 obese women with type 2 diabetes. The Mval polymorphism of the β3-adrenergic receptor gene was determined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. RESULTS Of obese type 2 diabetic patients, those with the mutation (n = 24) had a higher WHR (P &lt; 0.001), a lower adjusted metabolic rate, and higher blood glucose levels, serum insulin levels, insulin resistance index (P &lt; 0.001), and HbA1c levels (P = 0.016). Furthermore, patients with the mutation had smaller decreases in body weight, WHR, insulin resistance index, and HbA1c levels after the weight-loss program compared with patients without the mutation (n = 37), even though food intake, exercise, and serum thyroid hormone levels were similar in both groups. CONCLUSIONS These present findings show that the Trp64Arg allele of the β3-adrenergic receptor gene may predict difficulty in losing body weight, lowering WHR, and improving glycemic control and insulin resistance in obese patients with type 2 diabetes.
HHE determination report no. HHE-73-64-95, International Wire Works, Menasha, Wisconsin.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Study Results : A sma l l operation in which "Product A2" is sprayed on fourdrinier cloth was studied.The request was initiated on the basis of curiosity , not on the basis of complaints or adverse reactions to Product A2.The operation is performed about once per week in which two men participate .Toxicity Determination : It was determined that Product A2 , as used and found, is not toxic to employees.This determination is based upon lack of employee complaints , lack of evident adverse reactions, relatively low toxicity of Product A2 , and i t s sporadic use which limits exposures.
The Analytical Model of Technical Diagnosis of Telecommunication Network Devices with Preliminary Clustering of the Attribute Space

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The quality of identification of the technical state of telecommunication network devices substantially depends on the applied control and diagnosis methods. This article analyzes an approach to the building of spatially distributed system of technical control and diagnosis, based on means of artificial Kohonen neuron networks with preliminary clustering of the attribute space and principles of self-organization and recognition of image-states.