jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A Pivotal Role of Reactive Oxygen Species in Non-Host Resistance Mechanisms in Legume and Cereal Plants to the Incompatible Pathogens

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Most of plants under normal conditions are resistant to most of the incompatible pathogens (viral, fungal and bacterial infections). This is called ״non-host resistance (NHR) phenomenon״. Till now it is not clear the non-host resistance mechanisms. As a result of inoculation of legume (pea and soybean) and cereal (barley and wheat) plants with compatible and incompatible pathogens, strong resistance symptoms were observed in the non-host/incompatible pathogen combinations as compared with host/compatible pathogen combinations which showed severe infection (susceptibility). Levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) mainly hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide (O2.-) were significantly increased early 6, 12, 24 and 36 hours after inoculation (hai) in the non-host plants as compared with host plants. Interestingly enough that the activities of the antioxidant enzymes such as catalase (CAT), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) and peroxidase (POX) were not significantly increased at the same early time 6 - 36 hai in the non-host plants. However, these enzymes were significantly increased later on 48, 72 and 96 dai in the non-host plants as compared with host plants. It seems that early accumulation of H2O2 and O2.- could have a dual roles, first role is inhibiting or killing the pathogens early in the non-host plants, second immunization of the non-host plants by stimulating the activities of the antioxidant enzymes later on which thereby, neutralize the harmful effect of ROS and consequently suppressing disease symptoms. The author recommends giving more attention to these new mechanisms of non-host resistance particularly in relation to ROS levels and antioxidant activities which are very important for plant breeders and useful for finding alternative control strategies as well.
Education and Indoctrination

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This school, like the previous one, is located on the outskirts of a large conurbation and has over a thousand pupils, of which about 10 per cent are coloured. Here similarities tend to fall away. It is a comprehensive school but has passed through the phase of being a secondary modern. The original building on the site began as a central high school in the 1930s. By becoming officially a comprehensive school in the mid-1950s it seems to have lost something of its earlier academic status. For ten years it functioned as a secondary modern school, despite the label. Only since 1967 has it begun to fulfil the comprehensive intention. Two further buildings erected on the site in the early 1960s have increased the facilities offered by the school. It takes both boys and girls and had at the time of the experiment developed a sixth form of approaching ninety students. The school as a unit is embedded in an extensive complex of prewar council estate development on garden city principles with some private housing. Smaller developments and in-filling has occurred since the war. Inevitably, amenities are limited, shop footage, for example, being dependent upon the size of the various estates. For adults public houses strategically placed and social clubs offer some sort of community focus. A number of youth clubs attempt to meet the needs of the youngsters. There is a reasonably good transport service allowing quick access to the inner city and readily available amenities. From what has been said, it would seem reasonable to suggest that the school intake reflects a wide variety of parental backgrounds. Again, the coloured intake is less homogeneous than in the case of school A. It includes pupils of West Indian, African and Chinese origin as well as Asians. Quite a number are British by birth.
Web-tool to Support Medical Experts in Probabilistic Modelling Using Large Bayesian Networks With an Example of Hinosinusitis

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

For many complex diseases, finding the best patient-specific treatment decision is difficult for physicians due to limited mental capacity. Clinical decision support systems based on Bayesian networks (BN) can provide a probabilistic graphical model integrating all necessary aspects relevant for decision making. Such models are often manually created by clinical experts. The modeling process consists of graphical modeling conducted by collecting of information entities, and probabilistic modeling achieved through defining the relations of information entities to their direct causes. Such expert-based probabilistic modelling with BNs is very time intensive and requires knowledge about the underlying modeling method. We introduce in this paper an intuitive web-based system for helping medical experts generate decision models based on BNs. Using the tool, no special knowledge about the underlying model or BN is necessary. We tested the tool with an example of modeling treatment decisions of Rhinosinusitis and studied its usability.
Vojta's conjecture on weighted projective varieties

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We formulate Vojta's conjecture for smooth weighted projective varieties, weighted multiplier ideal sheaves, and weighted log pairs and prove that all three versions of the conjecture are equivalent. In the process, we introduce generalized weighted general common divisors and express them as heights of weighted projective spaces blown-up relative to an exceptional divisor. Furthermore, we prove that assuming Vojta's conjecture for weighted projective varieties one can bound the $\log {\rm h_{wgcd}}$ for any subvariety of codimension $\geq 2$ and a finite set of places $S$. An analogue result is proved for weighted homogeneous polynomials with integer coefficients.
Waveguide integrated MSM photodetector for the 1.3 mu m-1.6 mu m wavelength range

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The authors present a novel waveguide-integrated photodetector structure and give results of its implementation in the InP/InGaAs material system. The detector is suitable for the 1.3-1.6- mu m wavelength range, which is important in communications. It consists of a planar interdigitated metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) Schottky barrier InGaAs detector monolithically integrated with a ridge waveguide. The InGaAs detector uses a thin layer of GaAs to enhance the Schottky barrier height. Internal quantum efficiencies of around 80% and a pulse response of 150 ps (FWHM) have been obtained. The authors discuss the factors limiting the response time of the device and consider its suitability as the front end of a fully integrated receiver.< >
ON DEGENERATE COMPRESSED ATOMS AND COMPRESSED NUCLEAR MATTER CORES OF STELLAR DIMENSIONS

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The relativistic generalization of the Feynman, Metropolis and Teller treatment of compressed atoms is obtained. Each atomic configuration is confined by a Wigner-Seitz cell and is characterized by a positive electron Fermi energy. There exists a limiting configuration, reached when the Wigner-Seitz cell radius equals the radius of the nucleus, with a maximum value of the electron Fermi energy [Formula: see text], here expressed analytically in the ultra-relativistic approximation. The treatment is then extrapolated to compressed nuclear matter cores of stellar dimensions with A ≃ (m Planck /m n ) 3 ~ 10 57 or M core ~ M ⊙ . A new family of equilibrium configurations exists for selected values of the electron Fermi energy varying in the range [Formula: see text]. Such configurations fulfill global but not local charge neutrality. They have electric fields on the core surface, increasing for decreasing values of the electron Fermi energy reaching values much larger than the critical value [Formula: see text], for [Formula: see text].
The Positive Effect of Pedagogical Translation

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

At present, the most commonly used approach in foreign language teaching is listening, speaking, reading and writing. However, translation, as an effective teaching tool, is often ignored. This phenomenon is mostly attributed to the prejudice of many scholars against traditional grammatical translation methods. As a traditional teaching method, teaching translation plays a positive role in promoting foreign language teaching. This paper analyzes the role of teaching translation in promoting language learning from the micro and macro aspects of foreign language learning and the role of mother tongue transfer. This paper holds that pedagogical translation is scientific and operable in promoting foreign language teaching and learning, no matter from the perspective of vocabulary and grammar learning, or from the cognitive basis of language acquisition.
Compact CEBG Filter for High-Frequency Applications With Low Insertion Loss

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A compact configurable electromagnetic bandgap (CEBG) filter and a low-loss low-temperature cofired ceramics (LTCCs)-based electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) filter have been proposed. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the minimum size configurable bandpass filter (BPF) ever reported using EBG material. The proposed circuits successfully integrate an integrated passive device (IPD) technique-based high- $Q$ capacitors and LTCC-based built-in capacitors with EBG substrates. The frequencies of the filters can be easily adjusted by controlling the capacitors. For proof-of-concept demonstration purposes, CEBG filters and LTCC-based EBG filters were designed and experimentally validated from the $C$ -band to the Ku-band. The measurement results demonstrated the filters' compact size, wide stopband, and reduced insertion loss (IL) as working frequency increases. Four LTCC EBG filters are implemented and fabricated with the highest working frequency of 17 GHz, a minimum IL of 1.91 dB, and a 3-dB fractional bandwidth (FBW) of 3%. The CEBG filter demonstrated a compact size of $1.6\times1.35$ mm, a configurable frequency from 6.88 to 13.5 GHz with an almost constant FBW. Insertion losses of the EBG filters reduce as their working frequencies increase which shows an excellent high-frequency application capability of the filters.
Effect of green tea and tea catechins on the lipid metabolism of caged laying hens

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of supplementing different levels of green tea or tea catechins on total cholesterol (TC), total triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels in the plasma of laying hens, as well as the TC, TG and total fatty acid (TFA) levels in breast and thigh meat and egg yolk. Laying hens (1620), 16-week-old, were randomly assigned to 9 dietary groups. Each treatment had 180 birds with 3 replicates. The basal diet was respectively supplemented with green tea powder (0, 2, 4, 6, 8 g/kg) and tea catechins (0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 g/kg). Hens were then reared in battery cages for 60 days. Supplementation with 6 g/kg green tea and 1 g/kg tea catechins at day 56 lowered TC, TG and LDL levels in both plasma and meat, increased plasma HDL levels and decreased yolk TG levels, where statistical significance was considered quadratically. TC levels in yolk were not affected. The addition of green tea and tea catechins had no effect on the levels of myristic acid (C14: 0), stearic acid (C18: 0), oleic acid (C18: 1), linoleic acid (C18: 2n-6), arachidonic acid (C20: 4n-6) and TFA content in yolk, but increased the unsaturated fatty acid content. Dietary green tea and tea catechins increased the excretion of TFA in faeces compared to the control. These results suggest that the addition of green tea and/or tea catechins to the diet of laying hens can improve lipid metabolism and the fatty acid composition of egg yolk.
Recent Advances in Self-Powered Wearable Flexible Sensors for Human Gaits Analysis

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The rapid progress of flexible electronics has met the growing need for detecting human movement information in exoskeleton auxiliary equipment. This study provides a review of recent advancements in the design and fabrication of flexible electronics used for human motion detection. Firstly, a comprehensive introduction is provided on various self-powered wearable flexible sensors employed in detecting human movement information. Subsequently, the algorithms utilized to provide feedback on human movement are presented, followed by a thorough discussion of their methods and effectiveness. Finally, the review concludes with perspectives on the current challenges and opportunities in implementing self-powered wearable flexible sensors in exoskeleton technology.
Hybridization Concepts of Artificial Human Optimization Field Algorithms Incorporated into Particle Swarm Optimization

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This piece of research presents the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) as a biologically inspired computational paradigm searches for problem optimization technique.Specifically (PSO) consists of a swarm of particles, where particle represent a potential solution.More precisely it is a population-based, stochastic algorithm modeled on the social behaviors observed in flocking birds.Over the past quarter century, Global Optimization techniques like Genetic and PSO algorithms has attracted many researchers attention at engineering and industry.In December 2016, a new field titled "Artificial Human Optimization" was introduced in literature.Referring to that innovative field it is clear that the agents in Artificial Human Optimization are Artificial Humans.Recently, a new algorithm titled Multiple Strategy Human Optimization (MSHO) is designed based on Artificial Humans.This paper adopted an interesting novel experimental idea which incorporated Hybridization of perspective concepts of Artificial Human Optimization into some experimental illustrations of PSO algorithms.Additionally, Human Inspired Differential Evolution (HIDE) is recently proposed method which is based on Differential Evolution and MSHO.For particular parameters settings HIDE performed approximately as good as Differential Evolution.In the experiment in this paper, a new algorithm titled "Hassan Satish Particle Swarm Optimization (HSPSO)" is proposed.HSPSO is tested by applying it on a complex benchmark function.Interesting Hybridization results have been obtained.Results obtained by HSPSO are compared with Particle Swarm Optimization.
Characteristics of probiotic lactic acid bacteria isolated from edible birds nests as antimicrobials potential

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract. Harmayani A, Marlina, Purwati E. 2024. Characteristics of probiotic lactic acid bacteria isolated from edible birds nests as antimicrobials potential. Biodiversitas 25: 1521-1527. Indonesia's export commodities include Edible Bird Nests (EBN), which possess significant economic worth. EBN is a nutrient-dense functional food that offers substantial health benefits. This study assessed the antibacterial capabilities of Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) extracted from EBN. This study utilized EBN sourced from three samples in West Sumatra, Indonesia, specifically in the Agam District. Use the method of experimental and collection sample EBN and identification of LAB in vitro. The isolates were examined for their morphological and biochemical characteristics. In addition, an antibacterial test was conducted along with molecular identification of the 16S rRNA gene. The findings indicated that the LAB exhibited gram-positive features, with bacilli morphology. They were also catalase-negative and classified in the homofermentative category. Antimicrobial activity was seen in all three EBN samples. BK3 edible birds’ nest isolate exhibited the highest antimicrobial activity against Listeria monocytogenes CFSN004330, with an inhibition zone diameter of 19.53 mm. It also demonstrated significant activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (18.71 mm), Propionibacterium acne (18.20 mm), and Escherichia coli 0157 (14.60 mm). The molecular identification using 16S rRNA revealed that the LAB obtained from the BK3 edible birds’ nest isolate had similarities with Lacticaseibacillus paracasei strain HBUAS6004, which possesses antibacterial properties against pathogenic bacteria. There was an expectation that LAB isolates derived from EBN may serve as natural antimicrobials, providing benefits to animal and human health benefits.
Emerging Challenges Faced by Information Professionals in Achieving Kenya’s Vision 2030

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The unveiling of Kenya’s Vision 2030 marked an important milestone in Kenya’s development but the implementation and its success depends on all the stakeholders’ efforts. Vision 2030 recognizes the role of science, technology and innovation in the modern economy in which new knowledge plays a central role in boosting wealth creation, social welfare and international competitiveness. Since information is a key factor in production, its dissemination and storage should be handled by a well trained workforce. Librarians and other information professionals are therefore indispensable in the delivery of Vision 2030. As Kenya strives to achieve the goals of Vision 2030 information professionals are faced with a great challenge of changing technology, infrastructure, limited funding and few qualified information professionals. It should be noted that a well trained body of people tends to imbue each other with confidence which they need to tackle the jobs demanded of them. It is through this that information patrons and the information materials interact as a result of the quality service given by the information staff. In addressing the challenges faced by information professions, this paper attempts to bring out the role of various training programmes vis a vis the market demand, information bodies/associations and their role, current paradigm shift in the field of information, changing technology, and the impact of limited funding on information management, among others. The paper concludes by elaborating on various critical issues that ought to be addressed if information professionals are to be relevant in the realization of Kenya’s Vision 2030. Recommendations and conclusion are also highlighted.
Obtaining non‐farm wage employment in rural Vietnam

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Abstract This paper analyses how rural households engage in different segments of non‐farm wage labour markets using panel data from three Vietnamese provinces that also include perceived reasons for obtaining employment. We show that it is important to appreciate the heterogeneous nature of rural non‐farm wage employment from a livelihood perspective. Different jobs vary in terms of seasonality, earning potential, social insurances, location and entrance requirements. Most notably, public service jobs are most favourable from a livelihood perspective. Regarding factors influencing participation, education has a positive effect on engagement in public and private service jobs, a negative effect on participation in construction jobs and no significant effect on employment in industry jobs. Further, family contacts are crucial in the process of finding non‐farm employment in all sectors. The disaggregated approach allows a better conceptualisation and can lead to better targeted policy recommendations.
Effect of Multimodal Intervention on Nursing Students ‘Adherence to Hand Hygiene: An Experimental Study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background Hand hygiene adherence is highly important in clinical practice and is influenced by various factors. Aims This study investigated the effect of multimodal intervention on nursing students ‘adherence to hand hygiene in clinical practice. Methods Internship nursing students were randomized into control ( n = 20) and intervention ( n = 26) groups. Adherence to hand hygiene was measured by self-report questionnaire and by observation. The intervention group received multimodal interventions for 1 week. Findings Results showed significant effects of multimodal intervention on adherence to hand hygiene in “before contact with the patient,” “before and after contact with the patient” situations, and at the beginning of medication administration, catheterization, vital sign measurement, and blood sugar testing. Conclusion The multimodal intervention improved adherence to hand hygiene in the intervention group. Given the importance of hand hygiene adherence by nursing students in all situations, designing and implementing context-based multimodal interventions are recommended as part of nursing students ‘educational programs.
Conceptual Model of Analysing Risk in a Fuel Gas Supply System (FGSS) on LNG Fuelled-gas Vessel

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study aims to propose a risk analysis framework using the FMEA method and system dynamics approach. FMEA is used as a first stage to identify critical equipment/ system based on the highest RPN, then uses the value of the O (Occurrence) as an input to simulate the extent of the effectiveness of the costs incurred and to see the possibility of a decrease in critical system failure occurrences from time to time. The simulation carried out using a system dynamic approach by constructing a structural model of non-linear variables (cause-effect relationships) and considering the system boundary associated with risk management. With this modeling framework, it is expected that the various mitigation actions expected can be simulated with this modeling framework, and policy instruments related to risk management on the identified critical equipment can be evaluated to reduce the failure occurrences. In this paper, the proposed approach will apply to analyze various scenarios of risk management strategies implemented for the critical equipment of fuel gas supply systems (FGSS) on an LNG fueled gas vessel.
The Naming of Korat Cubra, its Location, its Mountains, and the Surrounding Cities

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This study discussed one of the cities located in southern Andalusia, focusing on its name and geographical location. The city's name was mentioned using various terms. It is an Andalusian city located south of Cordoba, about thirty to forty miles away. It was part of a region comprising different cities of strategic and historical importance, such as Seville, Al-Zahra, Estija, and others. Additionally, there are mountains surrounding the city, such as Mount Arnich, Mount Shiba, and Mount Aros, which played roles in military and surveillance activities. There is also a connection between the city and other Andalusian cities, as well as the roads linking them