jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
HabiTech: Inhabiting Buildings, Data & Technology

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

As larger parts of our lives are determined in the digital realm, it is critical to reflect on how democratic values can be preserved and cultivated by technology. At the city-scale, this is studied in the field of 'digital civics'; however, there seems to be no corresponding focus at the level of buildings/building inhabitants. The majority of our lives are spent indoors and therefore the impact that 'indoor digital civics' may have, might exceed that of city-scale, digital civics. The digitization of building design and building management creates an opportunity to better identify, protect, and cultivate civic values that, until now, were centralized in the hands of building designers and building owners. By bringing together leading architecture/HCI academics and commercial stakeholders, this workshop builds on previous workshops at CHI. The workshop will provide a forum where a new agenda for research in 'HabiTech' can be defined and new research collaborations formed.
Analysis and Restraining of Eddy Current Damping Effects in Rotary Voice Coil Actuators

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Rotary voice coil actuators (RVCAs) have been widely used for precision motion control applications and have drawn more and more attention in recent years. In this paper, the eddy current damping effects of RVCAs of both dual and single magnetic circuit types are studied, the electromotive forces in rotor frame arms of the RVCAs are analyzed and verified by FEM calculation, then corresponding restraining measures are proposed. Especially, influencing factors of magnetic field margin effect and influence of magnetic field structure on the margin effect are analyzed in detail, which are the unique problems in RVCAs. The research results are good references for practical engineering applications of this type of motor.
Engaging Urban Communities of Newcomers to Sweden towards UNFCCC Climate Change Targets through Participation and Diversity

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Human-influenced climate change is rapidly accelerating and continues to threaten to human existence. Global migration is leading to increasingly multicultural urban populations. This paper ties these two issues together through the lense of engagement. The thesis argues that a Framework for Strategic Sustainable Development (FSSD) can be used to plan strategies to engage multicultural communities towards second commitment Kyoto targets and be an opportunity for meeting community needs for social sustainability. The research took place in Sweden through interviews and focus groups. Key findings address systematic exclusion and the potential of inquiry to discover barriers and leverage points. The resulting set of guidelines for municipalities utilizes the full spectrum of engagement (inform, consult, involve, collaborate, empower) and the FSSD to enhance existing climate change action plans towards maximum participation for fulfilling Kyoto Protocol mandates.
Optimal Feed Trajectories for Fedbatch Fermentation with Substrate Inhibition Kinetics

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

We provide optimal feed trajectories for fedbatch fermentation of microorganisms with substrate inhibition kinetics. We demonstrate that the optimal trajectories are non-unique and provide analytical procedures for solving the optimal control problem. Since, the optimal trajectories are non-unique this is essential for practical operations as a numerical solution could be any of the feasible non-unique optimal solutions. In addition, we investigate the sensitivity of the optimal trajectories and demonstrate that a bang-bang solution is optimal from a sensitivity point of view. This insight is relevant for model predictive control of fedbatch fermentation.
Tumor degeneration by human embryonic fibroblasts and its enhancement by interferon.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

KB cells from a human nasopharyngeal tumor were cocultivated with human embryonic fibroblasts (HF 8101 cells); 7 to 14 days after incubation, "spongy degeneration"-like changes developed in the target cell-growing area. These changes developed in other target cells [HeLa cells from human cervical cancer, human hepatoma cells (PLC/PRF/5), and human amnion FL cells] cocultured with several kinds of human embryonic fibroblasts [HF 8101 cells, HF 8103 cells, and HEL cells]; however, HF 8101 cells did not cause degenerative changes in murine L929 cells. The degenerative changes were enhanced by treatment with human leukocyte interferon or human fibroblast interferon at a dose of 1,000 or 10,000 IU/ml, but there was no significant difference in the enhancing effect between human leukocyte and human fibroblast interferons. Mouse L929 interferon did not enhance the degenerative changes in KB cells caused by HF 8101 cells. It was concluded that human fibroblasts caused the degenerative changes in the human tumor cells and the continuous cell line and that the changes were enhanced by treatment with either human leukocyte interferon or human fibroblast interferon.
Rehabilitation of soil salinity and sodicity using diverse amendments and plants: a critical review

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Salt affected soils significantly constrain crop production and soil productivity. Although salt accumulation in soil occurs naturally, human-induced factors such as poor agricultural practices, insufficient drainage systems, as well as inaccurate irrigation water management have accelerated the formation of salt affected soils. The increase in salinity and/or sodicity, coupled with population growth, threatens crop production and soil productivity. According to the FAO/UNESCO soil map, approximately 1030 million hectares of land worldwide are degraded due to excessive salt exposure. Reclaiming these salt-affected soils while improving plant resistances to soil salinity and/or sodicity is critical. Various reclamation and management approaches, including applying different amendments, tolerant genotype cultivation, appropriate agricultural water management, and bioremediation, have effectively addressed salt-affected soils. These strategies, incorporating best practices from many agroecologies, contribute to farmers' socioeconomic well-being in affected areas. This review paper evaluates strategies for enhancing salt-affected soil productivity and the challenges of their adoption.
Active listenership: Developing beginners’ interactional competence

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract This teaching unit aims to develop beginning students’ interactional competence in using linguistic resources to show one’s active listenership in conversation. The unit uses naturally occurring conversation as teaching materials and guides students to examine the interactional practices between interlocutors. The activities developed in this unit lead students to notice recipients’ responses toward prior talks, to analyze the actions achieved by verbal responses, and to apply the interactional resources and knowledge when conversing with L1 speakers. The unit was designed based on the research findings of interactional competence (IC) and Conversation Analysis (CA).
The role of pre-school teachers in recognition, prevention and therapy of traumatised children

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

U radu se raspravlja o ulozi odgojitelja u prepoznavanju, prevenciji i terapiji traumatizirane djece koja su ukljucena u odgojno-obrazovni sustav u Republici Hrvatskoj. Unutar interdisciplinarnog tima koji pruža pomoc traumatiziranom djetetu, uloga odgojitelja je podržavajuca, posrednicka i jednim dijelom terapeutska. Odgojitelje je potrebno senzibilizirati i dodatno osposobiti kako bi mogli preventivno i terapeutski djelovati u odgojno-obrazovnom procesu.
Integrated Reporting and Agency Costs: International Evidence from Voluntary Adopters

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

We examine whether the practice of integrated reporting (IR) can reduce agency problems between managers and investors, resulting in lower agency costs. We construct a sample of firms that voluntarily use IR in practice, drawn from 35 countries, and find that firms that apply IR practice more extensively (high IR firms) are associated with lower levels of agency costs and more negative year-to-year changes in agency costs compared to other IR firms (low IR firms). We also find that the relation between the level of IR practice and agency costs is more negative in countries with a stakeholder orientation than in countries with a shareholder orientation. Additionally, the effectiveness of IR is more pronounced in diversified firms that face greater agency problems. Our results are robust in a series of additional tests that address endogeneity. Overall, our evidence is consistent with IR having a disciplining role for managers.
Male vs female gamers: Testing the stereotype threat effect in video gaming

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Stereotype threat (ST), defined as the risk of confirming a negative stereotype about one’s own group, has been demonstrated in various social contexts. Regarding video games, for example, informing female participants that men would outperform women in gaming leads to gender differences in performance. To date, however, these studies have not looked into the mechanisms of this ST effect in gaming. In two lab studies (N=186), some participants were confronted with ST-related information before playing a video game. In Study 1, half of the participants read a bogus article confirming the “standard” gender stereotype (“men outperform women”). In Study 2, a reverse stereotype was presented to half of the participants (“women have outpaced men in some game genres”). In contrast to hypotheses, both studies failed to show the expected significant interaction effect of gender and ST condition on performance, although female participants confronted with the “standard” gender stereotype reported greater frustration in Study 1, for example. In sum, results indicate a complex relationship between gender, social identity, experience with the game genre, and behavior. Identifying oneself as a gamer and being experienced in a particular game genre were found to be better performance predictors than reading stereotype threatening information.
Genome-wide analysis of the 30nm chromatin fiber: Genome wide analysis of the 30nm chromatin fiber

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Positioning of nucleosomes within the 30nm fiber is fundamental in understanding how
DNA compaction regulates gene expression. Numerous studies have focused on determining the
structure, however; no studies have assessed the structure genome-wide. In this study, a new in
silico methodology for genome-wide nucleosome arrangement was assessed through the use of
randomly generating in silico datasets for the solenoid, solenoid-interdigitated, cross-linker (with
odd and even n), twisted ribbon, and twisted ribbon-interdigitated. A PERL script was written to
generate six in silico datasets from the human genome based on patterns and probabilities of close
proximity nucleosomes, and align various length terminal ends of the sequences to the genome. A
graphical representation was used to assess the genome-wide pattern of paired sequence
alignments for each model. Whole genome sequence data from formaldehyde fixed HeLa cells
were filtered, aligned, and compared to the models. Lack of sufficient experimental alignments
yielded inconclusive model determination.
Practice of Epidemiology Modeling the Initiation of Others Into Injection Drug Use, Using Data From 2,500 Injectors Surveyed in Scotland During 2008–2009

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The prevalence of injection drug use has been of especial interest for assessment of the impact of blood-borne viruses. However, the incidence of injection drug use has been underresearched. Our 2-fold aim in this study was to estimate 1) howmanyother persons, per annum, an injection drug user (IDU) has the equivalent of full responsibility (EFR) for initiating into injection drug use and 2) the consequences for IDUs ’ replacement rate. EFR initiation rates are strongly associated with incarceration history, so that our analysis of IDUs ’ replacement rate must incorporate when, in their injecting career, IDUs were first incarcerated. To do so, we have first to estimate piecewise constant incarceration rates in conjunction with EFR initiation rates, which are then combined with rates of cessation from injecting to model IDUs ’ replacement rate over their injecting career, analogous to the reproduction number of an epidemic model. We apply our approach to Scotland’s IDUs, using over 2,500 anonymous injector participants who were interviewed in Scotland’s Needle Exchange Surveillance Initiative during 2008–2009. Our approach was made possible by the inclusion of key questions about initiations. Finally, we extend our model to include an imme-diate quit rate, as a reasoned compensation for higher-than-expected replacement rates, and we estimate how high initiates ’ quit rate should be for IDUs ’ replacement rate to be 1. incarceration rate; initiator characteristics; injection drug users; injector incidence; replacement rate Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; EFR, equivalent of full responsibility; IDU, injection drug user; NESI, Needle Exchange
Parapharyngeal Abscess Two Years After Elective Tonsillectomy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Parapharyngeal abscesses are the second most common site of deep neck infections, and should not be underestimated due to potentially fatal complications. A case of parapharyngeal abscess in a young patient, with a previous history of elective tonsillectomy performed 2 years before, is reported. J Med Cases. 2014;5(5):295-297 doi: http://dx.doi.org/ 10.14740/ jmc1760w
DNA Computing Algorithm

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This chapter focuses on research trends in DNA computing. It examines various types of DNA computing algorithms. DNA undergoes a process of replication and synthesizes new strands of DNA. The concept of DNA computing was published by Dr. Leonard Adleman in November 1994 in an article in the prestigious journal Science. DNA computing is based on the idea of molecular biology processes that can be used to perform arithmetic/logic operations on information encoded as strands of DNA. Through nondeterministic algorithms, a large number of problems can be conceptualized in DNA computing theory. The chapter provides some algorithms of DNA computing like quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization (QPSO), Vector Evaluated Particle Swarm Optimization (VEPSO), and vector-evaluated QPSO. QPSO is based on an adaptive DNA computing algorithm. VEPSO is a new approach to improving DNA computing that is currently being proposed and advocated. The VEQPSO algorithm is conceptually simple.
Moderating effects of past wildfire on reburn severity depend on climate and initial severity in Western US forests

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Rising global fire activity is increasing the prevalence of repeated short‐interval burning (reburning) in forests worldwide. In forests that historically experienced frequent‐fire regimes, high‐severity fire exacerbates the severity of subsequent fires by increasing prevalence of shrubs and/or by creating drier understory conditions. Low‐ to moderate‐severity fire, in contrast, can moderate future fire behavior by reducing fuel loads. The extent to which previous fires moderate future fire severity will powerfully affect fire‐prone forest ecosystem trajectories over the next century. Further, knowing where and when a wildfire may act as a landscape‐scale fuel treatment can help direct pre‐ and post‐fire management efforts. We leverage satellite imagery and fire progression mapping to model reburn dynamics within forests that initially burned at low/moderate severity in 726 unique fire pair events over a 36‐year period across four large fire‐prone Western US ecoregions. We ask (1) how strong are the moderating effects of low‐ to moderate‐severity fire on future fire severity, (2) how long do moderating effects last, and (3) how does the time between fires (a proxy for fuel accumulation) interact with initial fire severity, day‐of‐burning weather conditions, and climate to influence reburn severity. Short‐interval reburns primarily occurred in dry‐ and moist‐mixed conifer forests with historically frequent‐fire regimes. Previous fire moderated reburn severity in all ecoregions with the strongest effects occurring in the California Coast and Western Mountains and the average duration of moderating effects ranging from 13 years in the Western Mountains to >36 years in the California Coast. The strength and duration of moderating effects depended on climate and initial fire severity in some regions, reflecting differences in post‐fire fuel accumulation. In the California Coast, moderating effects lasted longer in cooler and wetter forests. In the Western Mountains, moderating effects were stronger and longer lasting in forests that initially burned at higher severity. Moderating effects were largely robust to fire weather, suggesting that previous fire can mediate future fire severity even under extreme conditions. Our findings demonstrate that low‐ to moderate‐severity fire buffers future fire severity in historically frequent‐fire forests, underlining the importance of wildfire as a restoration tool for adapting to global change.
Systematic Review on Statistical Process Control: an Experience Report

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Background: A systematic review is a rigorous method for assessing and aggregating research results. Unlike an ordinary literature review consisting of an annotated bibliography, a systematic review analyzes existing literature with reference to specific research questions on a topic of interest. \n \nObjective: Statistical Process Control (SPC) is a well established technique in manufacturing contexts that only recently has been used in software production. Software production is unlike manufacturing because it is human rather than machine-intensive, and results in the production of single one-off items. It is therefore pertinent to assess how successful SPC is in the context of software production. These considerations have therefore motivated us to define and carry out a systematic review to assess whether SPC is being used effectively and correctly by software practitioners. \n \nMethod: A protocol has been defined, according to the systematic literature review process, it was revised and refined by the authors. At the current time, the review is being carried out. \n \nResults: We report our considerations and preliminary results in defining and carrying out a systematic review on SPC, and how graduate students have been included in the review process of a first set of the papers. \n \nConclusions: Our first results and impressions are positive. Also, involving graduate students has been a successful experience.
A laboratory experiment on the minority games with aggregate information and partial information.

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

The impacts of different information treatments on the Minority Games have attracted wide attention from researchers. Further to preceding research on impacts of aggregate information and full information treatments in the Minority Games experiment, this paper investigates the effects of partial information on both efficiency level and payoffs distribution through laboratory experiments. The experiment contains 12 sessions with 20 participants and manipulates two variables, namely, the length of information history provided and the amount of publicized action history of individual players. The research testifies the previously studied relationship between allocative efficiency and the length of information history. Meanwhile, the research discovers a positive correlation between allocative efficiency in the Minority Game and the amount of partial information provided. However, analysis of payoff outcomes indicates that partial information does not significantly influence the payoffs distribution. The paper concludes that partial information has positive effects on the efficiency of the Minority Game and ambiguous effects on its payoffs distribution, and the payoffs distribution is more related to number of strategy changes.
An experiment and research platform for DC micro-grid

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Aiming at solving the problems that the present DC micro-grid research is still in simulation software or semi-physical simulation platform so that they cannot response the real system accurately, we take the advantage of the devices in our lab to set up a physical DC micro-grid platform, which includes PV cells; wind driven generator; lithium battery pack; super-capacitor; EV research platform; LED and the controllable electric load. They are connected together by the DC-DC convertors to the DC bus, its voltage level is 380V (equaling to the electric supply so that can invert to the grid). In addition, we create its monitoring system using the LABVIEW software. The experiment results show that every convertor can meet their performance well and we can control the power distribute appropriately between the every unit connecting to the DC bus.
Study on Adsorption of Montmorillonite and Attapulgite to Mycotoxins

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The aim of this study was to determine the adsorption and desorption of aflatoxin B1(AFB1),zearalenone,T-2toxin to montmorillonite and attapulgite in the artificial gastric juice and intestinal juice.The results showed that the adsorption equilibrium of AFB1,zearalenone,T-2toxin to montmorillonite and attapulgite were established within 1h.The adsorption rates of AFB1 and T-2toxin to sodium montmorillonite were 96.8%,38%,respectively.Zearalenone adsorbed by montmorillonite and attapulgite were less than 10%.The pH of artificial intestinal fluid had a significant influence on adsorbing mycotoxins(P0.05).The adsorption rate of AFB1 to sodium montmorillonite was larger at pH 5than pH 3and pH 7(P0.05),90.1%.High adsorption efficiency of zearalenone to montmorillonite and attapulgite was achieved at pH 3.The adsorption rate of T-2toxin to montmorillonite and attapulgite was larger at pH 7than pH 3and pH 5(P0.05).The complex compound formed by montmorillonite or attapulgite with mycotoxins has the desorption phenomena,expecially AFB1 and zearalenone.Because of the adsorption of AFB1,zearalenone,T-2toxin to montmorillonite and attapulgite,they are important adsorbent.However,the desorption phenomena should not be neglected.Selection of montmorillonite or attapulgite as a feed additive should be considered their adsorption and desorption in practice.