jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Comparative Analysis of Algorithms for Mining Frequent Patterns

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract: In the computerized world, everything is moving online, and data comes in different shapes and sizes and is collected in different ways. By using data mining, frequent pattern in the databases can be identified, and it can be used in numerous applications. Finding frequent patterns in huge databases is important because it reveals important information that cannot be found through simple data surfing. To find common patterns, a variety of methods are utilized, each of which performs differently. Apriori and FP Growth are the fundamental algorithms employed in frequent pattern mining. The functioning and experimental results of various algorithms are compared in this study, and their benefits and drawbacks are discussed.
Cardiocrinum giganteum (Wall.) Makino: a lesser-known traditional medicinal plant from Shi Yomi district of Arunachal Pradesh, India

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Cardiocrinum giganteum (Wall.) Makino is a bulbous temperate giant lily species belonging to Liliaceae family and found growing at an altitude of 1500–3000 meters from MSL. It is reported as native to Eastern Himalayas including Sikkim, Bhutan and Arunachal Himalayan Region of India and extended to South East China and Tibet. It is also found in the Central Himalaya mainly in Uttarakand, where it is considered an ornamental plant. However, the plant has ethnobotanical significance in Arunachal Pradesh and have been found to be used in traditional medicine. The present study was aimed to explore the ethnobotanical uses of C. giganteum by the indigenous tribes of the Shi Yomi district. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 94 informants in 18 villages, followed by the collection of voucher specimens. The Relative Frequency of Citation (RFC) was used to determine the local significance of C. giganteum. The RFC value was found to be 0.44, and the citations by the informants were mostly for food purposes. During the study, the mature seeds and stems were reported to be used in decoration and making flutes. The bulb of C. giganteum was found to be used as a vegetable. The root paste was used to fix bone fractures. The consumption of C. giganteum bulb was reported to enhance the foetal development by the pregnant mothers of Shi Yomi district and is a new ethnobotanical report. Although there are a few scientific reports on the phytochemical and pharmacological studies of the bulb and seeds of the plant, however, there is no report on the ethnobotanical use of species against bone fractures and its validation. Practical applications of other traditional uses were found to be declining. At the juncture, our findings may provide a framework for such future studies and may help in reviving the diminishing traditional utilization knowledge.
Correlates of Psychological Distress and Major Depressive Disorder Among African American Men

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This study examines the demographic correlates of depressive symptoms, serious psychological distress (SPD), and major depressive disorder (MDD; 12-month and lifetime prevalence) among a national sample of African American men. Analysis of the National Survey of American Life (NSAL) data set provides first-time substantiation of important demographic differences in depressive symptoms (measured by the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression scale [CES-D]), SPD (measured by the K6), and 12-month and lifetime MDD among African American men. Findings illuminate the heterogeneity within the African American male population. Findings also demonstrate the need for additional research focusing on within-group differences and a comprehensive research and mental health promotion agenda that recognizes the importance of improving access to education and employment and promoting healthy coping behaviors, while acknowledging the larger social context in which African American men live.
Differentiation of mixed bacteria samples in the generic level using infrared spectroscopy and multivariate analysis

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

In the present study we examined the potential of Fourier Transformed Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy for accurate identification and differentiation of mixed bacteria samples in a time span of a few minutes. The bacterial samples used in this study are Escherichia (E.) coli, Bacillus (B.) megaterium and a mixture of E. coli and B. megaterium. The best results of differentiation were obtained within the 675–1800 cm −1 range. In this range the dimension of the feature vector is 293. Principal components analysis (PCA) followed by linear discriminant analysis (LDA) as a linear classifier were performed on the spectra of the three measured classes. When differentiating between the pure sets of E. coli and B. megaterium, 100% success was obtained for a feature vector composed of the first 12 principal components (PCs). An error rate of less than 2% was achieved taking only the first 20 PCs among the three categories of samples.
Electron Microscope Image Contrast

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Ideally it should be possible to interpret any given electron micrograph unambiguously in terms of the corresponding specimen microstructure. However, image contrast can be produced by several different mechanisms and may depend critically upon the operating conditions of the microscope, such as the precise orientation of the specimen or the exact amount of defocus of the objective lens. Consequently a complete interpretation may be difficult even though the problem is usually simplified in practice by the fact that normally only one contrast mechanism is important. Although methods exist which in principle enable information about the object to be deduced directly from the image (for example, Head, 1969; Misell and Childs, 1972, 1973; De Rosier and Klug, 1968), these are not in general use since they require a substantial amount of computing time and work well only under favourable conditions. More usually, on the basis of general considerations of contrast production, a guess is made at a possible structure for the object by looking at a number of micrographs. This structure is then confirmed by calculating the contrast it would give under a set of specified conditions and comparing this with the corresponding image. Sometimes such a procedure does not lead to an unambiguous conclusion, but if the way in which contrast arises in each case is known, likely alternative structures may be distinguished by devising a set of operating conditions that would cause microscopes to give different images, and then observing the specimen under these conditions.
The Effectiveness of Health Belief Model Initiative in Breast Cancer Screening Behaviors among Women Health Volunteers

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Knowledge of screening methods and regular diagnostic tests play an important role in reducing the incidence of cancers and their mortality. We investigated the effectiveness of health belief model initiative in breast cancer screening behaviors among women health volunteers. A quasi-experimental design and non-probability sampling technique was conducted during 2019 in Abhar, Iran. Two out of six health centers were approached and each was recruited in either experimental or control group. Based on the Iranian and standardized version of the Champion's Health Belief Model Scale, the different domains of the scale and breast cancer screening behaviors of eligible women health volunteers (n = 72) were evaluated. Then, seven training sessions were designed and implemented for the intervention group using local language and different educational approaches. The participants were reevaluated according to the same questionnaire three months after the intervention. There was a meaningful difference regarding breast self-exam, knowledge, perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, and perceived barriers among both the control and intervention groups before and after the intervention. Training programs using health belief model are crucial in developing breast cancer screening behaviors for women health volunteers. Thus, it is recommended that training programs should be conducted using individual behavioral models.
Supplementary Tables 1 - 2, Figure 1 from Effects of Selective Checkpoint Kinase 1 Inhibition on Cytarabine Cytotoxicity in Acute Myelogenous Leukemia Cells <i>In Vitro</i>

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

<p>PDF file, 105K, This file contains Supplemental Table 1 (Description of Patients Providing Samples for Assessment of Chk1 phosphorylation ), Supplemental Table 2 (Quantitative Effects of Cytarabine, SCH 900776 and the Combination on Samples from Patients in Cohort 2) and Supplemental Figure 1 (effects of SCH 900776 on cytarabine-induced killing in additional myeloid cell lines).</p>
Computer simulation of extremely powerful discharges-radiative plasmodynamic discharges in vacuum and gas

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Results of analysis of computer simulation of magnetoplasma compressor plasmodynamic discharges are presented for the first time. These results yield to basic plasma physics of gas discharges and radiative plasmodynamic, they are useful for R&D of new devices of radiative plasmodynamic technologies and quantum electronics. The models are based on radiative magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) system of differential equations in non-stationary two-dimensional case. Erosive multiply ionized plasma thermodynamic and optical properties have been previously calculated by us for vapours of teflon, polyformaldehyde, acrylic plastic, and other characteristic plasma forming dielectrics of the discharges. A new method LIS of numerical solution of MHD equations, based on completely conservative difference schemes on triangle irregular cells with reconstruct able structure, has been used. For radiative plasmodynamic vacuum discharges in magnetoplasma compressor the new results are the following. Maximal plasma temperature point is upstream from maximal density point - because of intensive radiative cooling. Maximal levels of temperature and velocity are achieved at the beginning of the discharge when plasma density is low, due to inertia of erozive plasma flow formation. This Inertia is found to be caused with a time delay for plasma movement from ablaying to the place of maximal radiativity. A similarity ofmore » plasma flow structure at various regimes has been observed, which made it possible to develop an effective method of scaling of the discharge parameters.« less
COMMUNITY-BASED STRATEGIES IN ACTION: BUILDING AND SUSTAINING A PRODUCT DIFFERENTIATION ADVANTAGE

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

An important reason why individuals join groups or communities is to satisfy their needs for identity. Firms might exploit this societal tendency to gain a competitive advantage. Using the strategic approach adopted by Kiehl’s, a U.S. cosmetic producer and retailer, as a source of inspiration and illustration, this paper develops a novel theoretical framework to investigate how firms interact with communities to access privileged customers ’ information, from which they can build a product differentiation advantage. We argue that by adhering and supporting a well-defined set of values, Kiehl’s both achieves community membership and strengthens the sense of identity that its target communities provide to their members. These investments prompt reciprocal community member behaviors, which the company channels into its customer knowledge development process. Finally, this article describes how firm–community interactions can protect the differentiation advantage by turning products into symbols of the communities to which its customers belong.
Critical teaching of English and English literature through pedagogical commented translation

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

When we examine “the state of the art” in research on pedagogical translation, we may perceive that many studies have been done in this field, for instance, those on pedagogical audiovisual translation. However, little attention has been given to pedagogical commented translation, a specific modality within this field. This article discusses the use of commented translation as a tool — or rather, as an approach — to support the teaching and learning of English, language, and literature. To explore its potential, we implemented pedagogical commented translation in English Literature classes and reported key insights based on classroom observations. Our findings suggest that the practice of commented translation may enhance student awareness in both linguistic and literary domains, as it requires extensive research to refine target text production and minimize errors.
Recurrent metabolic acidosis: is it by chance?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Succinyl CoA 3 oxoacid CoA transferase deficiency (SCOTD) is an autosomal recessive disorder of ketone body utilization which present with recurrent episodes of metabolic acidosis. We have a 23-month old child who presented with 3 episodes of metabolic acidosis. Each time the toxicology profile came positive for ethyl alcohol. We couldn’t get any history suggestive of poisoning. So we were in a great dilemma and considered the possibility of Munchausen syndrome by proxy and a metabolic cause. Even though the initial genetic result was nonspecific when we reanalyzed the sample for genetic analysis it came positive as Succinyl CoA 3 oxoacid CoA transferase (SCOT) deficiency. The child required intensive care support in all 3 times. We were able to manage the child with supportive measures each time. Now the child is under regular follow up and doing well. SCOTD should be considered in any children presenting as recurrent episodes of metabolic acidosis. The rarity of this disorder will lead to the diagnostic dilemma that we face as like in this case.
Heat recovery in distillation columns using compression-resorption cycles.

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Distillation columns are generally operated very inefficiently from an energetic point of view. At the bottom, a boiler is required to vaporize the mixture while at the top heat is rejected to the environment. Vapour recompression heat pumps have been very successful in the realization of extremely large energy savings. For larger temperature lifts between top and bottom, the temperature glide in the absorber and desorber of compression-resorption heat pumps reduce the thermodynamic temperature lift and make heat pumps a competitive solution. In this paper the performance of a diabatic column with the resorber of an ammonia-water compression-resorption heat pump integrated in the stripping section of the column and (part) of the desorber in the rectification section will be compared with the performance of an adiabatic column. The conventional boiler/condenser option and the compression resorption and the vapour recompression heat pump options will be investigated. The impact of ammonia-water concentration on performance and operating conditions of compression resorption heat pumps will also be discussed.
Refugee Rights in Times of Mixed Migration: Evolving Status and Protection Issues

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Respecting refugee rights has become a challenge for States when confronted with mixed migration flows. Refugee protection principles and the implementation of refugee law have evolved as a result of State policies and practices to manage increasingly diversified population movements. In linking refugee protection with migration management, States have taken measures to restrict access to territory and to asylum, to apply the refugee definition in a less than full and inclusive manner, and to curtail the exercise of the basic rights of refugees and asylum-seekers. The entry management of States is lacking in some essential protection safeguards, and asylum procedures do not always take into account the mixed motives which have led people into forced or voluntary movement, resulting too often in summary rejections. Secondary movements of refugees remain largely unaddressed given lack of inter-State co-operation, whereas readmission and return operations risk to deny refugees access to safety and protection. The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees has developed a 10-Point Plan of Action to better protect refugees within mixed migratory flows, which is under implementation in a number of regions. The challenges of strengthening protection mechanisms and promoting respect for refugee rights in situations of mixed migration are particularly present and acute in North Africa. Confronted with a number of protection gaps, a collective effort by all stakeholders is required to develop the institution of asylum and to strengthen respect for refugee rights in this region. The North Africa case shows that protecting refugee rights is not an isolated exercise yet must be part of a wider approach aimed at developing sound migration management policies and strategies to avoid undue pressure on States' nascent or fledgling asylum system. At the same time, States are called upon to achieve a fair sharing of responsibilities in protecting and assisting refugees, by adopting regional strategies as part of comprehensive policy approaches, involving countries of origin, transit and destination. Such regional strategies, however, need to fulfil a number of conditions if they are to be successfully implemented.
Structure and Function of Vps15 in the Endosomal G Protein Signaling Pathway ,

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

G protein-coupled receptors mediate cellular responses to a wide variety of stimuli, including taste, light and neurotransmitters. In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, activation of the pheromone pathway triggers events leading to mating. The view had long been held that the G protein-mediated signal occurs principally at the plasma membrane. Recently, it has been shown that the G protein α subunit Gpa1 can promote signaling at endosomes and requires two components of the sole phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase in yeast, Vps15 and Vps34. Vps15 contains multiple WD repeats and also binds to Gpa1 preferentially in the GDP-bound state; these observations led us to hypothesize that Vps15 may function as a G protein β subunit at the endosome. Here we show an X-ray crystal structure of the Vps15 WD domain that reveals a seven-bladed propeller resembling that of typical Gβ subunits. We show further that the WD domain is sufficient to bind Gpa1 as well as to Atg14, a potential Gγ protein that exists in a complex with Vps15. The Vps15 kinase domain together with the intermediate domain (linking the kinase and WD domains) also contributes to Gpa1 binding, and is necessary for Vps15 to sustain G protein signaling. These findings reveal that the Vps15 Gβ-like domain serves as a scaffold to assemble Gpa1 and Atg14, whereas the kinase and intermediate domains are required for proper signaling at the endosome.
Special Issue on Toxicologic Neuropathology of the Peripheral Nervous System: A Special Compendium of Past, Present, and Future Developments in a Neglected Field

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Neuropathology of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) is an underappreciated area in toxicologic pathology. Toxicity to nerves and ganglia can result from toxic insults following exposure to environmental, occupational, and industrial chemicals; drugs and biologics; cosmetics and food additives; and even physical agents such as noise. The following introduction provides an overview of this special issue of Toxicologic Pathology on toxicologic neuropathology of the PNS and highlights the range of key topics in this field that are reviewed in this compilation.
Community Theatre as a Means of Empowerment in Social Work

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

• Summary: The article explores the potential of combining community theatre and social work as a means of empowerment. It describes a case study of a group of six women guided by a social worker and director, who set up and participated in community theatre in Israel. The development of the group and the play, the actors’ involvement, the group’s relationship with the audience and other groups in the community, and the roles of the social worker and director are described and discussed. • Findings: The findings show that the individual, group and community processes that evolved during the course of the community theatre project contributed considerably to the participants’ empowerment, especially in terms of self-esteem, mastery, critical awareness, expression of inner voice, propensity to act, and collective empowerment. • Application: The discussion focuses on the characteristics of community theatre that contribute to empowerment, as well as on its limitations. It suggests guidelines for the use of community theatre as a tool in social work practice and may inform the development of community theatre in other settings.
Risk Analysis of Sinabung Volcano Eruption in Karo, North Sumatera, Indonesia

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Indonesia is set between 3 colliding active plates, i.e. Eurasia, Indo-Australia, and Pacific Plates. The collision of those plates give rise to many volcanoes in Indonesia, some of them are active, including Sinabung volcano. Sinabung Volcano is an A type volcano with its summit reaching 2460 masl. Sinabung Volcano has been active again since 2010, and its activity has been increasing since then until its latest eruption on 19 February 2018. Its volcanic activities, including its eruption is a threat to local residents in Karo Regency, which live around the volcano. The danger of the eruption includes volcanic ash, hot ash, pyroclastic flow, lahar flow, lava flow, poisonous gas, and ejected molten rock fragments. The purpose of this research is to analyze the threat index of each sub-districts in Karo region where Sinabung volcano is located, in case it erupts someday. The method for this research is secondary data analysis which includes Administrative Map, Disaster Prone Zone Map, Land Use Map, and Population Data. Risk Analysis Table is then produced from the compilation of the data, which shows the threat index of each sub-district. The Risk Analysis Table serves a guide to develop local disaster mitigation and to educate the local residents, providing a more directed and more prepared mitigation and evacuation. Sustainable Development Goals 11, especially in indicator 11.B, strongly implies that sustainable cities & communities require disaster risk reduction strategies. Based on the analysis, several sub-districts, i.e. Payung, Tiganderket, Simpang Empat, and Naman Teran are categorized as regions with high threat index.
Integrated algorithm for weight learning in feed-forward neural network

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Although a local second-order convergence can be obtained by means of the feed-forward neural network with the algorithms of Gauss-Newton and its derivation,yet these algorithm are effective only for the problems with small or zeroth residuum;for large residual problems,the convergence is very slow and even non-convergent.In order to real-timely deal with the problems with small and large residuum,which may be encountered in the learning process of neural network,a new feed-forward neural network based on the integrated algorithm of Gauss-Newton and NL2SOL is developed by means of integrating the optimization algorithm and Gauss-Newton one as well as introducing an entropy-error function.It is shown by simulation that this kind of neural network can effectively deal with the problems with residuum,having better convergence and stability.