jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A Study on the outcome of surgical management of Unstable Intertrochanteric Fractures in the geriatric population by various modalities

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Unstable hip fractures in elderly patients a unique challenge for orthopedic surgeons. Most of the cases are to be managed by surgical intervention. The problems of old age include the presence of osteoporosis, pre-existing arthritis, the overall health of the patient. We in the present study tried to evaluate the functional outcome of surgical management of unstable intertrochanteric fractures by various methods and study the effectiveness and complications of the operative management of unstable fractures. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department of Orthopedics, Prathima Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagunur, Karimnagar. All patients with unstable intertrochanteric fractures with age > 65 years who are treated by the surgical intervention were included in the study. All the patients were operated in Spinal anesthesia and The standard surgical procedures were followed for different modalities like DHS, PFN, Enders Nail’s and cemented bipolar hemiarthroplasty was done. Results: Out of n=50 patients n=28(56%) were female and n=22(44%) were males. The average duration of hospital stay was 14 days, with a range of 10-25 days. The mean blood loss in cemented bipolar hemiarthroplasty was 300 ml, PFN 100 ml, DHS was 250ml, and Ender’s Nail was 50ml. In our study of Bipolar hemiarthroplasty out of n=9 patients n=3 (33.34%) had excellent, n=5(55.56%) good outcome, n=1(11.12%) had fair outcomes respectively. Out of n=9 patients of PFN n=4 (44.44 %) of excellent, good n=4(44.44%), fair n=1 (11.12%) patient and no poor results. Out of n=25 patients of DHS n=20 (80%) patients are excellent to good results, n=3(12%) patient had fair and n=2 (8%) patients had poor results. Out of 7 patients of Ender’s nails n=2(28.573) had excellent and n=3(42.85%) had good and n=1(14.28%) fair, n=1(14.28) had poor results. Conclusion: Intertrochanteric Fractures in the geriatric population are a unique challenge it requires early operative management which will reduce both mortality and morbidity. Early mobilization following operative treatment will reduce the risks associated with prolonged bed rest in geriatric patients. Since failure rate is still high in unstable intertrochanteric fractures selection of proper implants is important for the ultimate success of the treatment
Addressing End of Life Care, Loss, and Bereavement in the Russian Federation

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

In this chapter, the authors hope to illuminate some of the dynamics in the Russian Federation. Availability of end-of life care, service providers' roles, as well as prevalent attitudes towards seeking psychological help will be addressed. The authors' own personal experience with end-of-life care, loss, and bereavement stem from their private practice art therapy work in Northeastern Pennsylvania, USA. "The palliative care movement in eastern Europe started during the communist era, when the needs of the dying were much neglected". In contemporary Russia, the availability of palliative care for adult patients is approved and mandated to be a part of healthcare systems by the Russian Ministry of Health. A history of any psychological treatment or hospitalization also became a part of a person's work documentation and negatively influenced potential for subsequent employment. To obtain more particular information about art therapy contributions to end-of-life psychological care, Russian professionals were consulted.
Models for voicing and aspiration in stop consonants

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

A theoretical analysis of sound production for voiceless and voiced stop consonants has been carried out. The analysis includes the effects of active and passive (in response to intraoral pressure changes) expansion or contraction of the pharyngeal volume, active and passive changes in glottal configuration, the generation of periodic glottal vibration and aspiration noise, and the generation of transient and frication noise sources at the consonantal release. Both monopole and dipole components of the turbulence noise sources are considered. The model is used to calculate the absolute sound-pressure levels and spectra for the various components of the radiated sound for labial, alveolar, and velar stops. The predictions of the model are in reasonable agreement (within a few dB) with data from spoken syllables. Procedures for estimating the characteristics of turbulence noise sources still need to be refined, particularly the distribution of the sources downstream from a glottal or supraglottal constriction. The model can be used to infer details of the time course of supraglottal and laryngeal constrictions based on data from fine-grained acoustic analysis of utterances. [Research supported in part by NIH Grant DC00075.]
LOW BACK PAIN DUE TO PANNICULAR HERNIAS

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Recently we encountered an unusual incident that we believe is worthy of reporting. Low back pain in the following case was found to be due to herniation of fat through lumbodorsal fascia.

REPORT OF CASE

A 29-year-old white housewife was seen in January, 1952. She had had sudden onset of acute low back pain in October, 1951. The onset of pain was associated with lifting a heavy living room chair. Since that time she had had low back pain, which had become progressively worse. She sought medical advice when she felt several nodules in her back. She believed she had a tumor, and became very excited because of the increasing severity of the pain. On Jan. 11, 1952, she was seen as an office patient by one of us (B. J. F.). Examination revealed no abnormalities except in the low back area. At about the level of the lumbosacral junction,
Pressure-volume curve in the critically ill

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The pressure-volume curve of the respiratory system is a physiologic method used to describe the mechanical properties of the respiratory system. A renewal of interest in the pressure-volume curve has recently appeared because of experimental evidence regarding the information conveyed by the curve, a better understanding of the pathophysiologic factors influencing its interpretation, and the beneficial results of clinical trials based on the use of the pressure-volume curve for ventilatory management of acute respiratory distress syndrome. This article discusses the techniques for tracing the pressure-volume curves and reviews the studies evaluating recent advances concerning its use, interpretation, and clinical relevance in critically ill patients.
STUDIES OF THE ACTIVITY OF DIPHTHERIA TOXIN : I. POLIOVIRUS REPLICATION IN INTOXICATED HELA CELLS

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

It has been demonstrated that a saturating dose of diphtheria toxin produced a 90% inhibition of polio-virus replication in HeLa cells. This inhibition was reflected in infectious viral RNA synthesis and in mature virus production. Toxin had no direct effect on virus particles or I-RNA, and poliovirus adsorption and eclipse appeared to be carried out normally in intoxicated cells. When toxin was given at various time intervals after infection, the amount of inhibition depended on the time of toxin addition. Toxin given before or immediately after infection gave maximum inhibition, while toxin given several hours after infection had little effect. The data suggest that toxin inhibits viral replication through its effect on protein synthesis. It is likely that a critical step in the viral replication cycle, the production of poliovirus-induced RNA polymerase, is inhibited, and possibly the synthesis of capsid protein. Ammonium salts and the aliphatic amines, glycamine and prolamine, prevented the inhibition of viral replication by toxin. The kinetics of the protective action of ammonium chloride and diphtheria antitoxin are remarkably similar.
Population-Based Long-Term Cardiac-Specific Mortality Among 34 489 Five-Year Survivors of Childhood Cancer in Great Britain

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Increased risks of cardiac morbidity and mortality among childhood cancer survivors have been described previously. However, little is known about the very long-term risks of cardiac mortality and whether the risk has decreased among those more recently diagnosed. We investigated the risk of long-term cardiac mortality among survivors within the recently extended British Childhood Cancer Survivor Study. Methods: The British Childhood Cancer Survivor Study is a population-based cohort of 34 489 five-year survivors of childhood cancer diagnosed from 1940 to 2006 and followed up until February 28, 2014, and is the largest cohort to date to assess late cardiac mortality. Standardized mortality ratios and absolute excess risks were used to quantify cardiac mortality excess risk. Multivariable Poisson regression models were used to evaluate the simultaneous effect of risk factors. Likelihood ratio tests were used to test for heterogeneity and trends. Results: Overall, 181 cardiac deaths were observed, which was 3.4 times that expected. Survivors were 2.5 times and 5.9 times more at risk of ischemic heart disease and cardiomyopathy/heart failure death, respectively, than expected. Among those >60 years of age, subsequent primary neoplasms, cardiac disease, and other circulatory conditions accounted for 31%, 22%, and 15% of all excess deaths, respectively, providing clear focus for preventive interventions. The risk of both overall cardiac and cardiomyopathy/heart failure mortality was greatest among those diagnosed from 1980 to 1989. Specifically, for cardiomyopathy/heart failure deaths, survivors diagnosed from 1980 to 1989 had 28.9 times the excess number of deaths observed for survivors diagnosed either before 1970 or from 1990 on. Conclusions: Excess cardiac mortality among 5-year survivors of childhood cancer remains increased beyond 50 years of age and has clear messages in terms of prevention strategies. However, the fact that the risk was greatest in those diagnosed from 1980 to 1989 suggests that initiatives to reduce cardiotoxicity among those treated more recently may be having a measurable impact.
Retrograde intrarenal lithotripsy for small renal stones in prepubertal children.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Advancements in ureteroscopy have now given the urologist virtually unrestricted access to calculi at all locations in the upper urinary tract. Retrograde intrarenal lithotripsy is a new modality to treat upper urinary tract stones in children. In this retrospective study, we present our experience in retrograde intra-renal lithotripsy in children over a period of 30 months. Fifty-six children with renal stones less than 1.5 cm in size, who underwent retrograde intrarenal lithotripsy during the period from January 2007 to June 2009 at Prince Hussein Urology Center, Royal Medical Center, Amman, Jordan, were included in the study. The average age was 8.2 years and male to female ratio was 2.1:1. The average size of the stone was 1.2 cm, ranging from 0.9 to 1.5 cm. Twelve patients (15.5%) had bilateral stones. All patients had a Double J stent inserted 2-4 weeks prior to the procedure. Ureteroscopy up to the renal pelvis was performed and fragmentation of the pelvic stones was performed by electrohydraulic lithotriptor and the patients were on follow-up during this period. Overall, a total of 78 procedures were performed in these patients. Twelve patients underwent bilateral procedures for bilateral disease, but in separate settings. Nine patients (16%) needed a second session for residual stones. Only four patients (7.1%) needed a third session. The clearance rate was 94.8%. Three patients (3.9%) developed upper urinary tract infection after ureteroscopy; one patient (1.7%) developed frank hematuria postoperatively that was treated conservatively. No residual stones or other complications were detected during an average of 34 months of follow-up. Thus, in the expanding field of pediatric urolithiasis, retrograde intrarenal lithotripsy seems promising and is less invasive and has fewer complications.
Emphasizing the Importance of Hard Coal in Electricity Generation in Poland

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Polish energy sector is facing a number of challenges, in particular as regards the reconstruction of production potential, diversification of energy sources, environmental issues, adequate fuels supplies and other. Mandatory implementation of Europe 2020 strategy in terms of “3x20” targets (20% reduction of greenhouse gases, 20% of energy from renewable sources, and 20% increase of efficiency in energy production) requires fast decision, which have to be coordinated with energetic safety issues, increasing demands for electric energy and other factors. Due to the fact that in Poland almost 80% of power is installed in coal fired power plants and energy from hard coals is relatively less expensive than the from other sources, especially renewable. The most of renewable energy sources related plants are unable to generate power in amount, which can be competitive with coal fires power stations and are highly expensive, what leads o high prices of electric energy. Alternatively, new generation of coal fired coal power plants is able to significantly increase efficiency, reduce carbon dioxide emission, and generate less expensive electric power in amounts adequate to the demands of a country. Production costs of electric energy will be influenced by buying of emission allowances and implementation of carbon dioxide capture and storage systems, however increased electric energy prices might be, at least in a part, compensated by achievement lower level of hard coal prices resulted from launching of new coal mines.
Soil organic carbon and nutrients in smallholding land uses in southern Ethiopia

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract This study assessed the soil organic C (SOC) and soil nutrients in smallholding home garden, woodlot, grazing land, and cropland at two soil depths and two sites in Wolaita Zone, southern Ethiopia. The results showed that soil properties were significantly influenced by land use. The home garden had significantly higher ( p < 0.05) SOC and soil nutrients when compared to the cropland. When the home garden was compared to the woodlot and grazing land uses, it had significantly higher ( p < 0.05) values except in SOC, total N (TN), cation exchange capacity (CEC), and exchangeable Ca. Cropland, in comparison with grazing land and woodlot, had a non‐significant difference except TN. The SOC stock (0–40 cm) in the home garden, woodlot, grazing land and cropland was 79.5, 68.0, 65.0, and 58.1 Mg ha −1 , respectively. Home garden significantly differed ( p ≤ 0.05) in SOC only from cropland, and this was attributed not only to the relatively higher organic input in the home garden but also to the little organic matter input and frequently tillage of the cropland. The similar SOC among the home garden, woodlot and grazing lands may imply that the balance between inputs and outputs could be nearly similar for the land uses. Soil TN and CEC had a nearly similar pattern of difference as in SOC among the land uses because of their close relationship with SOC. In general, the land use influence on soil nutrients can be in the order: home garden > wood land ≈ grazing land ≈ cropland, with home garden showing the least difference from the woodlot and the greatest from the cropland. In the agroecosystem, in general, the influence of smallholding home garden on SOC and soil nutrient was marginally different from Eucalyptus woodlot and grazing lands but evidently different from cropland.
Study on the Dissolution Rate of Four Ingredients from "Paracetamol,Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride,Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide and Chlorphenamine Maleate Orally Disintegrating Tablets"

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

OBJECTIVE To study the dissolution rate in vitro of four ingredients from paracetamol,pseudoephedrine hydrochloride,dextromethorphan hydrobromide and chlorphenamine maleate orally disintegrating tablets.METHODS The small glass cup method was used as the stirring element.The solvent was water.The dissolution rate of paracetamol was determined by UV,and the dissolution rate of dextromethorphan hydrobromide,pseudoephedrine hydrochloride and chlorphenamine maleate were determined by HPLC. RESULTS The calibration curves were linear in the range of 2.0 ~ 20.0 μg·mL-1 for paracetamol,r=0.999 98;5.203~26.02 μg·mL-1 for dextromethorphan hydrobromide,r=0.999 9;0.982~4.910 μg·mL-1 for chlorphenamine maleate,r=0.999 8;14.94 ~ 74.70 μg·mL-1 for pseudoephedrine hydrochloride,r=0.999 9,respectively.The average recoveries were 98.4% with RSD 0.84%,100.2% with RSD 1.02%,99.4% with RSD 1.82%,97.8% with RSD 1.05% for four above mentioned components,respectively.The average dissolution amounts of drug for three batches were above 90% in 10 min.CONCLUSION The method is good for the dissolution determination of four ingredients in paracetamol,pseudoephedrine hydrochloride,dextromethorphan hydrobromide and chlorphenamine maleate orally disintegrating tablets.
Cost of Urban Runoff Quality Controls

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper attempts to provide guidance in the evaluation, selection and planning of various BMPs by comparing their costs and cost-effectiveness, in terms of pollutant removal capabilities. Using available BMP cost estimates, regression relationships between construction costs and storage volume are developed for a variety of BMP types, and shown to provide a reasonable means for predicting BMP construction costs. Routine and non-routine maintenance needs and associated costs for typical BMPs are explored. Estimates of the initial and project life costs of urban BMPs are made based upon relationships identified between design storage, construction costs and estimated maintenance requirements. These estimates are utilized to compare the cost effectiveness in nutrient removal of different types and sizes of BMP facilities. Additional aspects of the study are discussed in the paper.
End Group Effects in Polymer Modification of Calcium Carbonate Fillers

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Two types of polymer, e.g. , polybutadiene and poly(oxy-2-butenyleneoxyfumaroyl), having four different end groups, were prepared and used to treat ground and precipitated calcium carbonate fillers. The coupling effects of the polymer modifiers were evaluated from the physical properties of the filler-loaded vulcanizates of sulfur-cured SBR and peroxide-cured EPDM. The phosphate-terminated polymer was found to be an excellent surface modifier of the ground calcium carbonate filler. For the precipitated calcium carbonate filler of superfine grade, higher coupling effects were attained by the phosphates having relatively small alkyl groups. The modification mechanism is also discussed by taking into account the results of infrared spectroscopy, x-ray analysis, gel permeation chromatography, scanning electron micrography, and BET analysis.
HUBUNGAN KECERDASAN SPIRITUAL TERHADAP STRES PADA REMAJA

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The research aims to determine the effect of spiritual intelligence on stress in teenagers at the Nurul Hidayah prayer room. This research uses a quantitative approach with a non- experimental design. The research population was all teenagers at the Nurul Hidayah prayer room and a sample of 24 people were taken using the Slovin formula with simple random sampling technique. The data collection method used the SWBS and DASS-21 questionnaires. Data analysis used chi-square analysis. The results of this research show that there is an influence of spiritual intelligence on stress with evidence of ? value = 0.009 < ? = 0.05, so that there is a significant influence of spiritual intelligence on stress levels in Nurul Hidayah prayer room teenagers. The higher a teenager's spiritual intelligence, the lower a person's stress level.
Screening Fascism's Underground: Kurt Bernhardt's The Tunnel

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

On the opening day of the New York subway on October 27, 1904, the city's police commissioner revealed to the public an unforeseen use of the new transportation system. What had been discursively constructed in decades of public disputes as a triumph of urban sanitization, safety, and speed,1 suddenly emerged as an effective vehicle of crowd control. For the police commissioner, the subway's main achievement would not simply be to alleviate the dreadful traffic conditions in the urban jungle and, thus, to displace the proverbial foul air that prevailed in the over-crowded cars of surface transportation. Instead, the police commissioner hailed this new technological device as a highly welcome instrument to contain the threat of future social uproar, one in fact that is going to absolutely preclude the possibility of riots in New York. .... [For if] a riot should break out at any time now we could clear the road and send out a trainload of a thousand
Hubungan Antara Persepsi Tentang Program Multimedia Dan Minat Belajar Dengan Motivasi Belajar Siswa Jurusan Multimedia

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract. This study aims to prove a correlation between perceptions of multimedia program and learning interest of student’s learning motivation on multimedia department. The samples of this study are 80 students of SMK YPM 3 Taman Sidoarjo. The results of this study are there is a correlation between perceptions of multimedia program and learning interest of studen’t learning motivation. According to the data analysis result by using Multiple Regression Analysis known F=7.792 with a significance level (p)<0.001. the effective contribution of these variables 16,8% and the remaining is 83,9%, it is caused by other variables that are not measured by the researcher. Abstraksi: penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan adanya hubungan antara persepsi tentang program multimedia dan minat belajar terhadap motivasi belajar siswa jurusan mltmedia. Sampel penelitian ini sebanyak 80 siswa SMK YPM 3 Taman, Sidoarjo. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah ada hubungan antara persepsi siswa tentang program multimedia dan minat belajar dengan motivasi belajar siswa ( F= 7.793 dengan taraf signifikasi (p)<0.001). sumbangan efektif kedua variable tersebut adalah 16,8% sisanya sebesar 83,9% di sebabkan oleh variable lain. Kata kunci: persepsi, minat belajar, motivasi belajar
Keynote Lecture /I Modern Design of Total Knee Replacement

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Summary. The developments in total knee designs since the 1970s are discussed. The stages include evolutionary steps such as the movement toward condylar replace­ ments of moderate conformity, and the design of instrumentation systems for accu­ rate and reproducible component seating and overall alignment, and the more revolutionary concepts such as an integrated graduated system of components, metal backing of the tibial component, modularity, ligament substituting designs, and meniscal bearing concepts. The major question today is which concepts will best satisfy the present requirements. These include optimum function, high durability, reproducibility, ease of operation, reasonable cost, and low inventory. The question can be answered only by an appraisal of the extensive clinical experience to date, biomechanical studies, and by newer methods of simulation testing for design and materials.