jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Ruminally Undegradable Protein Using Formaldehyde on the Nitrogen Balance and Productivity of Kacang Goat

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Kacang goat is one of indigenous breed in Indonesia that has low in productivity. Many researchs have been tried to increase the productivity. Soybean Meal (SBM) was palatable for Kacang goat; however the protein of SBM was highly degraded in the rume. Formaldehydehas been used to increase rumen undegradable protein in ruminant to increase the productivity. The purpose of this study was to increase the productivity of Kacang goat using SBM protected with 1% of formaldehyde. Fifteen heads of yearling Kacang buck, 17.53+/1.19 kg were arranged with a completely randomized design in 3 different treatments; SBM:untreated SBM (control); SBM50 : 50% untreated SBM + 50% formaldehyde - protected SBM; SBM100: 100% formaldehyde-protected SBM. The rations consisted of 30% Pennisetum purpureum, 30% gliricidia leaves, 19.2% cassava waste product, 13.8% wheat bran, 7% SBM, 1% mineral mix and were formulated containing 14-15% of crude protein (CP). The average daily gain (ADG) was calculated using linear regression of 10 weekly ody weights. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance using the SPSS statistics software version 19. The ADG of SBM control group (90.54 +/ 16.22 g) was similar to those of SBM100 (63.71+/12.92 g), but it was higher (P<0.01) than those of SBM50 (36.22+/24.79 g). However, the ADG of SBM50 was the same as those of SBM100. These trends was similar to the DMI, N intake, digestible N, and retention N. The N intake of untreated SBM was higher (18.47+/3.30 g) compared to those of SBM50 (12.65+/1.60 g), but the N intake of SBM50 was similar to those of SBM100. It can be concluded that the N retention and production of Kacang goats fed untreated SBM was better than those of goat fed treated SBM. These conditions were mainly reflected by the differences in DMI.

Keywords: ADG, Digested N, Kacang goat, Retained N.
Gene Therapy: Ethical Issue for Developing World

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The new biotechnology is usually the useful thing for biomedical society. There are many new emerging biotechnologies that exist and widely available at present. The usefulness of the new technology can be expected. On the other hand, the possible adverse effect of the new technology should also be kept in mind. In regulation of the new biotechnology, there must be the good control of users and technologies. At present, gene therapy is a new biotechnology based on advance genetic knowledge. The advantage is medicine is expected and there is the need for control of this new technology. For control of the new technology, the new law is usually needed. Nevertheless, the better control should be the ethical control. If one has a good ethical practice, the problem should not occur. The ethical issue on gene therapy is very interesting. As noted by Fogleman et al., As the technology progresses, it is important that the ethical considerations herein emerge and become more established [1]. Portin noted that until now, all gene therapies in the world have belonged to the regime of somatic therapy, germ line therapy having been a theoretical possibility only and mentioned that In addition to technical challenges, severe ethical problems are associated with germ line therapy, demanding opinion statement
La notion de compétence en éducation au Québec: une notion à "libérer" pour le développement de la compétence éthique du sujet/élève

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In this paper; the topic examined is a training program which focuses on the development of skills to train the ethical subject and to develop his or her ethical proficiency. Thus, we analyse why the notion of proficiency in education cannot claim, particularly in the case of the new Quebec training program, to support the development of the subject/learner's ethical proficiency. Then, from authors in education and in moral philosophy, we demonstrate that it may be possible to refocus the notion of proficiency to address the subject/learner's ethical dimension towards the greater welfare and a better collective and individual life.
Seasonal occurence of infective nematode larvae on irrigated pasture grazed by cattle in California.

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

During the period extending from Dec 1, 1975, to Dec 22, 1976, 3 distinct peaks in the concentration of infective nematode larvae on pasture forage were detected by use of helminth-free tracer calves. Two of these peaks, 1 occurring in the spring and 1 in the fall, consisted mainly of Ostertagia ostertagi and Cooperia sp. It is concluded that these 2 peaks can be anticipated annually and constitute unsafe periods of grazing. The 3rd peak was comprised largely of Haemonchus placei and Cooperia sp. It is concluded that this peak occurred as the result of unusual rainfall and reduced evaporation in August. Arrested developed (24% to 30%) of O ostertagi larvae occurred only during the spring peak. This finding indicates that on irrigated pastures in California, type I ostertagiasis can be expected to occur as the result of infection during the spring and/or fall peaks, whereas type II ostertagiasis can be expected to occur in the fall as a result of infection obtained during the spring peak. Arrestment in development of Cooperia sp occurred during spring (14%) and fall (23%) peaks. Haemonchus placei larvae increased their propensity for arrestment in development from zero to 82% during the months following the peak level of infection in summer. Other nematodes encountered were Trichostrongylus axei and Nematodirus helvetianus.
Myocardial infarction in people living with HIV/AIDS

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The advancements in the field of antiretroviral therapy and prevention, diagnosis and treatment of deadly opportunistic infections in HIV has led to prolongation of life of these patients. As these patients now have a higher life expectancy and since they are dying less of infectious diseases, a rise in cardiovascular and metabolic diseases has been seen in these patients. More and more patients have been found to be suffering from acute coronary syndrome, peripheral vascular disease, and stroke.
Children’s walking to urban services: an analysis of pedestrian access to social infrastructures and its relationship with land use

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The data and codes that support the findings of this study.
The dataset includes pedestrian path network and public social infrastructures in Seoul. All data are in shapefiles importable to GIS software.
Code descriptions are below.
Through two scripts, we can create walksheds from all linestring features in a pedestrian path layer. The outputs would be shapefile including walkshed features
Graph calculation
Description
This script converts pedestrian path layer into graph
Preprocessing
The pedestrian path layer must be a shapefile including 'NUM' amd 'LEN_10M' attribute as ID and length of linestring feature
Requirements
Python 3.x Gdal NetworkX
Walkshed calculation
Description
This script creates walksheds from all line features of pedestrian path layer
Preprocessing
This script requires results materials from 'Graph calculation'
Requirements
Python 3.x Gdal NetworkX
Is the empirical out-of-sample variance an informative risk measure for the high-dimensional portfolios?

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The main contribution of this paper is the derivation of the asymptotic behaviour of the out-of-sample variance, the out-of-sample relative loss, and of their empirical counterparts in the high-dimensional setting, i.e., when both ratios $p/n$ and $p/m$ tend to some positive constants as $m\to\infty$ and $n\to\infty$, where $p$ is the portfolio dimension, while $n$ and $m$ are the sample sizes from the in-sample and out-of-sample periods, respectively. The results are obtained for the traditional estimator of the global minimum variance (GMV) portfolio, for the two shrinkage estimators introduced by \cite{frahm2010} and \cite{bodnar2018estimation}, and for the equally-weighted portfolio, which is used as a target portfolio in the specification of the two considered shrinkage estimators. We show that the behaviour of the empirical out-of-sample variance may be misleading is many practical situations. On the other hand, this will never happen with the empirical out-of-sample relative loss, which seems to provide a natural normalization of the out-of-sample variance in the high-dimensional setup. As a result, an important question arises if this risk measure can safely be used in practice for portfolios constructed from a large asset universe.
Numerical Assessment of Rockbursting.

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract : A numerical approach for analyzing rockbursting phenomenon as a surface instability has been developed. Computer program modules that can be incorporated into general purpose nonlinear finite element codes have been created. The numerical approach has been successfully applied for a simple case of the wedge test. Contents--Numerical Method for Assessing Surface Instability; Numerical Results on Surface Instability of the Wedge Test; Influence of Material Modeling on Surface Instability; Influence of Non-Uniform Stress Field on Surface Instability; Conclusions and Recommendations; Biot's Approach to Surface Instability; Analytical Solution of the Response of an Hypo-Elastic Solid Subjected to Finite Plane Strain Compression.
Mind the Gap: Between‐group differences and fair test use

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This paper integrates recent meta‐analytical findings regarding group differences in job‐ and educational‐related criteria and cognitive ability measures used as predictors in personnel selection and selection to higher education institutions. The findings suggest that cognitive ability measures reveal much higher group differences than the corresponding between‐group differences in job‐ and educational‐related criteria. One possible explanation for these differential gaps is that cognitive ability measures are objective and standardized while the typical measures used as job‐ and‐educational related criteria are non‐standardized subjective evaluations of job performance and academic achievement. While these findings are consistent with unbiased prediction or over‐prediction for lower scoring groups, they imply that selection is biased against them. Implications and future research are discussed.
Biomechanical Prosthesis with EMG Signal Acquisition for Patients with Transradial Amputation

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In the present work, a biomechanical prosthesis with the acquisition of EMG signals will be designed for patients who have lost their right upper extremity due to a transradial forearm amputation, with a short stump before the elbow and an affected psychological factor. For these reasons, the EMG signal acquisition circuit will be designed from operational amplifiers (OPAMPs), which will obtain, filter, and amplify the electromyographic signals acquired from the stump and encoded on the Arduino nano board. being these used to perform the main movements with Maxon motors of pronation and supination in the biomechanical wrist, as well as the movements of the fingers to release and grab an object of the biomechanical hand, where the motor stops turning when it grabs an object if it meets the thermoresistor included in the tip of the index finger. Then, this research will serve for the development of right upper limb prototypes that have the same morphology and modeling of this biomechanical prosthesis, to improve the quality of life of patients who, due to this type of amputation, have been affected in their motor capacity. and psychological.
Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry of Hydrophobic Peptides

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Hydrophobic peptides, especially those with acid-labile protecting groups, are difficult to characterize using mass spectrometric methods. We have developed a new procedure for matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometric analysis of such samples. Hydrophobic peptides, which are insoluble in aqueous solutions, are dissolved in chloroform and combined with matrixes prepared in chloroform or chloroform/methanol solutions. The use of a common solvent for the matrix and the analyte improves the analyte isolation step in MALDI mass spectrometry. The lack of acidic solutions previously used for electrospray ionization or MALDI mass spectrometry of hydrophobic peptides extends this methodology to cyclic or protected hydrophobic peptides. Conventional peptide matrixes, such as 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid and sinapinic acid, as well as 3-indoleacrylic acid are shown to be suitable for hydrophobic peptides. Cyclic hydrophobic peptides and linear hydrophobic peptides with blocked termini are detected as the cation-adducted pseudomolecular ion due to the lack of suitable sites of protonation on the analyte.
Sub-cycle resolved strong field ionization of chiral molecules and the origin of chiral photoelectron asymmetries

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

We report on strong field ionization of S- and R-propylene oxide in circularly polarized two-color laser fields. We find that the relative helicity of the two single color laser fields affects the photoelectron circular dichroism (PECD). Further, we observe that PECD is modulated as a function of the sub-cycle release time of the electron. Our experimental observations are successfully described by a heuristic model based on electrons in chiral initial states, which are selectively liberated by the laser field and, after tunneling, interact with an achiral Coulomb potential.
The Importance of Communication Skills in Young Children

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Let’s consider the importance of communication for young children. As one of the major developmental tasks in early childhood, learning to communicate is key for children to interact with the persons in their world and to have their needs met. Few tasks in early childhood are as important as this one! Communication development for young children includes gaining the skills to understand and to express thoughts, feelings, and information. Understanding communication begins before birth (during pregnancy) and continues through life, as a child hears, sees, and interprets information from other people. The expression of communication or a child’s language begins with head, eye, and body movements, as well as through simple vocalizations and hand motions. Language expression progresses to words, sentences, and conversations through many methods including gestures, spoken words, sign language, pictorial language systems, and communication boards. It is essential that a child have one of these functional means of expressive language before going to kindergarten. Bloom (1988) describes communication development as guided by the need for relevance (i.e., communicating what is important), discrepancy (i.e., seeking to establish consistency of information), and elaboration (i.e., learning more complex language skills). Communication is essentially a symbol-manipulating system that is present in very young children and that increases in complexity with age (Pinker, 1999).
Some Notes on Phorbia Fusciceps as A Bean Pest

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Journal Article Some Notes on Phorbia Fusciceps as A Bean Pest Get access I. M. Hawley I. M. Hawley 1Contribution from the Entomological Laboratory of Cornell University. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Economic Entomology, Volume 12, Issue 2, 1 April 1919, Pages 203–205, https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/12.2.203 Published: 01 April 1919
Aflatoxin Production and Degradation by Aspergillus flavus in 20-Liter Fermentors

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Yields of from 200 to 300 mg per liter of aflatoxins B 1 and G 1 were produced by two strains of Aspergillus flavus in 20-liter fermentors under proper conditions of inoculum (well-dispersed growth) and aeration (0.5 volume per volume per min of air, 300 rev/min, 30 psi back pressure, baffles). Peak yields were usually attained in 72 hr, after which the aflatoxin concentration declined rapidly. Degradation of aflatoxin depended primarily on mycelial lysis and high-aeration conditions. Cultures previously reported not to degrade aflatoxin could be induced to do so under these conditions. The percentage and rate of toxin degradation were independent of toxin concentration, and appeared to be nonenzymatic and nonspecific. Degradation simulating that occurring in the fermentor was achieved by reacting aflatoxin with peroxidized methyl esters of vegetable oil; initial degradation was rapid and appeared to involve a complex series of reactions.
Evolution and Analysis of Water Yield under the Change of Land Use and Climate Change Based on the PLUS-InVEST Model: A Case Study of the Yellow River Basin in Henan Province

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Understanding the interrelationships between land use, climate change, and regional water yield is critical for effective water resource management and ecosystem protection. However, comprehensive insights into how water yield evolves under different land use scenarios and climate change remain elusive. This study employs the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Trade-offs (InVEST) models, Patch-generating Land Use Simulation (PLUS) model, and Geodetector within a unified framework to evaluate the dynamics of land use, water yield, and their relationships with various factors (meteorological, social, economic, etc.). To forecast the land use/cover change (LUCC) pattern of the Yellow River Basin by 2030, three scenarios were considered: economic development priority (Scenario 1), ecological development priority (Scenario 2), and cropland development priority (Scenario 3). Climate change scenarios were constructed using CMIP6 data, representing low-stress (SSP119), medium-stress (SSP245), and high-stress (SSP585) conditions. The results show the following: (1) from 2000 to 2020, cropland was predominant in the Yellow River Basin, Henan Province, with significant land conversion to impervious land (construction land) and forest land; (2) water yield changes during this period were primarily influenced by meteorological factors, with land use changes having negligible impact; (3) by 2030, the water yield of Scenario 1 is highest among different land use scenarios, marginally surpassing Scenario 2 by 1.60 × 108 m3; (4) climate scenarios reveal significant disparities, with SSP126 yielding 54.95 × 108 m3 higher water yield than SSP245, driven predominantly by precipitation; (5) Geodetector analysis identifies precipitation as the most influential single factor, with significant interactions among meteorological and socio-economic factors. These findings offer valuable insights for policymakers and researchers in formulating land use and water resource management strategies.
Effect of Aspergillus niger inoculant to sorghum seedling growth due to drought stress and its growth in the field

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ahmansyah M, Sugiharto A, Juhaeti T. 2017. Effect of Aspergillus niger inoculant to sorghum seedling growth due to drought stress and its growth in the field. Pros Sem Nas Masy Biodiv Indon 3: 426-432. Biofertilizer (Aspergillus niger inoculant) and hydrogel were used in sorghum cultivation to determine the growth performance in drought stress condition on seedling stage, and plant growth in the field. The aims of the study were to determine the inoculant influence to plant biomass growth and the soil cellulase activity at seedling period (21 DAP/day after planting), and continued into generative phase (60 DAP) and after harvesting seed (120 DAP). In the seedling period, biomass weight and soil cellulase activity were observed at different soil type for each dose of hydrogel. The result showed that the optimum level of hydrogel was 0.2% for soil conditioner compared to 0.4% and 0.8% levels. Inoculant significantly increased seedling biomass, while a high dose of hydrogel reduced plant biomass. The activity of cellulase in soil was being in accordance with biomass increase, but the response was different when it grew in the different soil type. The water potential (Ψ) of seedling leaf and soil increased significantly because of hydrogel augmented in soil. The cellulase activity in the field trial was high due to compost enrichment in soil. The application of compost organic mixed with inoculants gave high result on the growth of sorghum leaf sprouting after seed harvested, in which the effect of growth was same with the treatment of NPK fertilizer in soil.
Replication data for: Firm Sorting and Agglomeration

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

To account for the uneven distribution of economic activity in space, I propose a theory of the location choices of heterogeneous firms in a variety of sectors across cities. In equilibrium, the distribution of city sizes and the sorting patterns of firms are uniquely determined and affect aggregate TFP and welfare. I estimate the model using French firm-level data and find that nearly half of the productivity advantage of large cities is due to firm sorting, the rest coming from agglomeration economies. I quantify the general equilibrium effects of place-based policies: policies that subsidize smaller cities have negative aggregate effects.