jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
De-Stereotyping the Man-Woman Relationship in the Indian Hindi Film 'Piku'

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Cinema is one of the strongest mediums of Mass Communication which has the ability to influence the otherwise rigid Indian mind-set. The close study of a century years’ journey of India Hindi Cinema is the best way to understand the transition in Indian society in general and family in particular. Shoojit Sircar directed film Piku (2015) is a milestone cinema in a way that it challenges the notion of patriarchy in a novel and subtle way. It redefines the relationship between man and woman. The relationship between man and woman presented in the film is so democratic and liberal that it breaks all stereotypes existing in the current Indian society and, interestingly, it does it so silently that even the chauvinistic section doesn’t realize and reciprocate. It also shows how women should now be accepted as an individual. It also clearly depicts that the gender-fix roles are now being challenged. The institution of marriage is being questioned for its relevance in women's life. The portrayal of a daughter taking care of her old-cynical father in the film interrogates the rotten patriarchal ideas. The subtle mannerism of presentation of story adopted by the director Shoojit Sircar is praiseworthy but the credit must equally be given to the writer Juhi Chaturvedi. No loud words, no trauma, no crime, no revenge story, no morality packed preaching but even more than voicing exactly what the 21st century Indian women would like to listen. The mannerism, body language, action and reaction of the characters have done a great job for the director. The strength of cinema as a visual medium has been fully exploited by the director. This paper investigates the film for the challenges it presents against patriarchy and the de-stereotyping of the men-women relationship. It presents the women as a human being, as shown in Piku, free from all gender biased bondages. It takes forward the three stages (Showalter) – Faminine, Faminist, and female -to little further where women will be treated as an individual, as person.
Does exposure to coal dust prevent or cause lung cancer?

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objectives:

To assess knowledge of celiac disease among medical professionals (physicians).

Methods:

We conducted a cross-sectional survey of hospital-based medical staff in primary, secondary, and tertiary care public, and private hospitals in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (KSA). We carried out the study between January 2013 and January 2104 at King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University, Riyadh, KSA. A pretested questionnaire was distributed to the potential participants. A scoring system was used to classify the level of knowledge of participants into 3 categories: poor, fair, and good.

Results:

A total of 109 physicians completed the survey and of these participants, 86.3% were from public hospitals, and 13.7% from private hospitals; 58.7% were males. Of the physicians, 19.2% had poor knowledge. Interns and residents had fair to good knowledge, but registrars, specialists, and even the consultants were less knowledgeable of celiac disease.

Conclusion:

Knowledge of celiac disease is poor among a significant number of physicians including consultants, which can potentially lead to delays in diagnosis. Educational programs need to be developed to improve awareness of celiac disease in the health care profession.
InvestLens: A Visual Analytics Approach to Inspecting the Dynamics of Venture Capital Investment Network

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Venture capital (VC) plays an important role in the development of Western economies, fostering innovation and renewal in the broader economy and revealing the dynamics of different frontier industries over time. However, discovering information about industry changes through VC data has been a challenge for partners and research scholars. Researchers have applied many statistical and empirical methods to explore trends and network relationships in VC, but they are often unable to explain how entities in such networks evolve, a difficulty created by the large, heterogeneous, and dynamic nature of VC data. To help them identify industry changes, we designed InvestLens, an interactive visual analytics system to explore the VC syndication network. It identifies the overall pattern and dynamic network evolution of VC and reveals the evolution of related industries. Two case studies and interviews with domain experts validate the validity of InvestLens.
First and Second Order Impacts of Speculation on Commodity Price Volatility

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper contributes to the debate on the link between speculation and price volatility in two ways. First, a simple CAPM model is used to derive the demand for commodity futures contracts by institutional investors, and this derived demand is then integrated into a simple rational expectations model of a commodity market with a demand for hedging by merchants. Second, a GARCH model is used to measure volatility in the U.S. rice market before and after the introduction of a futures contract for rice in 1994. The theoretical and empirical analysis both demonstrate that speculation results in a first order decrease in commodity price volatility, but part of this decrease will be offset by second order pricing distortions that are caused by institutional speculators.
Freisetzung von Aluminium durch Eintrag von sauren Niederschlägen und Charakterisierung der mobilen Aluminium Spezies

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

According to the results of experiments in hydroponic cultures, Al-toxicity for plants is caused by free Al 3+-ions. Since the existing analysis schemes are not applicable to distinguish between the free Al3+-ions and the labile Al-complexes a method of isotachophoresis was developed, allowing the determination of environmentally relevant concentrations of free Al3+-ions. By means of the 8-hydroxychinolinmethod monomeric inorganic Al-compounds were determined. In addition to these compounds the catecholviolet method was applicable to detect kinetically labile Al-organo-complexes. Using a cation exchange resin a differentiation between exchangeable and non-exchangeable Al-complexes was possible. On the basis of combined application of these methods a new speciation scheme of Al-compounds in the mobile soil phase was developed. The feasibility of the analysis scheme was checked by means of lysimeter experiments. The effects of acid irrigation and liming on formation and mobilization of A l-species and nutrients in soil could be elucidated.
Late Onset Complications Secondary to Polyacrylamide Hydrogel-Based Filler for Rehabilitation of HIV-Related Facial Lipoatropy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In 2015 we reported our experience of a 5-year follow-up \nstudy regarding the utilization of polyacrylamide hydrogel- \nbased filler for rehabilitation of HIV-related facial lipoatropy. \n1 The outcomes of this study confirmed the safety and \nefficacy of this noninvasive treatment as already stated in an \nearlier report of 18-month follow-up period for that study \npopulation.2
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis Based on Zinc and Boron Enolates

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Role of Theobromine in Cocoa’s Metabolic Properties in Healthy Rats

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Cocoa is rich in polyphenols and methylxanthines, and it has been reported that its consumption, among other properties, has beneficial effects on metabolism. This study aimed to investigate the role of theobromine in cocoa's metabolic properties in healthy rats. In addition to morphometric measurements, biochemical markers of lipids and glucose metabolism and gene expression of molecules related to immune cells in adipose and hepatic tissues were assessed after 7 or 18 days of diet. Additionally, a metabolomic analysis was carried out at day 7. This study revealed the presence of six discriminant metabolites in plasma due to the diets. Moreover, the results showed that theobromine is the main responsible factor for cocoa's effects on body weight gain as well as on lipid and glucose metabolism. The effects on body weight and lipids appeared as early as after 7 days of diet, whereas those affecting glucose metabolism required a longer intervention.
Comparison of squash smears and frozen sections versus paraffin sections in the intra-operative diagnosis of central nervous system lesions

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Utility of squash cytology is well established in the intra-operative diagnosis of brain tumors, thereby guiding the neurosurgeon in the surgical management. A comparative study between squash smears, frozen sections and paraffin sections was done with an aim to study the diagnostic accuracy as well as limitations of these techniques. The present study was also undertaken to evaluate the discordant cases in intraoperative consultation of central nervous system (CNS) lesions. Methods: A total of 221 neurosurgical specimens were received in the Department of Pathology over three years duration, of which intra-operative consultation was requested in 110 cases. Both frozen and squash preparation was performed on all cases and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. An intra-operative diagnosis was made after examination of the squash smears and frozen section slides. The diagnosis given on squash smears and frozen section were then compared with final diagnosis given on paraffin-embedded sections. Immunohistochemistry was performed in a few diagnostically challenging cases. Results: This study compares the diagnostic accuracy of squash smears and frozen sections from 110 surgical specimens. The 110 cases included thirty six astrocytomas (32.7%), twenty four meningiomas (21.8%), twelve schwannomas (10.9%), two hematolymphoid tumors (1.8%), eight medulloblastomas (7.3%), three oligodendrogliomas (2.7%), four pituitary adenomas (3.6%), four ependymomas (3.6%), four metastatic tumors (3.6%), one paraganglioma (0.9%), two pineal parenchymal tumors (1.8%) and ten infections (9.1%). The accuracy of squash smears was 93.6%, and when combined with frozen sections the accuracy increased to 97.3%. Conclusion: Squash smears are simple, rapid, economical and very effective tool in the diagnosis of brain tumors. However, in few matrix rich/fibrous tumors like meningiomas and schwannomas, frozen sections are more useful. Hence, overall the combined use of squash smear and frozen section study increases the intra-operative diagnostic accuracy of CNS lesions.
Studying ‘Democratic’ Governance in Contemporary China: looking at the village is not enough

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Though it is important that future research on village elections focuses more systematically on the post-election period than on ongoing electoral institutionalization, it is not enough to look at the village level alone if one wants to assess the quality of village governance. What we need is a more comprehensive framework that includes an analysis of election procedures, cadre behaviour, villager awareness, and the larger cultural context, which would connect the village, township and county levels and shift attention toward legitimacy rather than 'democracy'.
FOOD SECURITY IN INDIA: ISSUES AND CHALLENGES, POLICIES

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In India a high level of hunger and malnutrition perseveres although we have rapid economic growth in the last two decades. It may take some more time before we eradicate it utterly. However, the disadvantaged communities like Scheduled Tribes, Scheduled Castes, rural and urban poor still suffer the most. Nourishment is the focal point of health and wellbeing. It is directly linked to the human resource development, productivity and affluence of a country. Health status of any individual or a community is directly indicated by the nourishing status of the particular individual or community. Raising the nutritional status of the population has been a global concern and therefore food security has been the major concern of governments particularly in developing countries. The term food security has many conceptual aspects. A group of experts primarily consider food security synonym to availability of food at national, regional, household and individual level. The amount and quality of food available globally, nationally and locally can be pretentious temporarily or for long periods by many factors including climate, disasters, wars, civil unset, population size and growth, agricultural practices, environment, social status and trade. Food security exists when all people, at all times have physical and economic access to sufficient safe and nutritious food to meet their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life. Food security is a condition related to the supply of food, and individuals’ access to it. The final report of the 1996 World Food Summit states that food security “exists when all people, at all times, have physical and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food to meet their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life”.
Virulence factors, biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance pattern in Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium isolated from clinical and commensal human samples in Isfahan, Iran.

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

The frequency of ace and agg genes, antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation ability were significantly higher in clinical than in "healthy" isolates (P < 0.05). Existence of agg and ace genes, biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance among the healthy enterococci isolates has a special importance since, in case these strains spread through clinical environments or reach water sources, this issue can be considered as a risk factor for health and sanitation of societY.
Service sector performance by a non-parametric approach: a critical review

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Due to intangibility and heterogeneity of the service sector, measuring and benchmarking the performance is a critical issue. Over the years, many researchers have focused on measuring the performance of the service sector using the non-parametric approach. Present study carried out an extensive literature survey targeting the performance measurement in the service sector using data envelopment analysis (DEA), a non-parametric approach. An attempt has been made primarily to showcase a holistic list of different models of DEA as applicable in diverse sectors in the Indian economy. The implications of the findings will prove beneficial in quantifying pros and cons of the different policy devised by the practitioners in the banking sector of Indian economy. The outcome of the study will be helpful for researchers as well as academicians in identifying the possible models of DEA that may be used to benchmark the performance of the concerned sector while identifying factors that affects the performance.
From wheat to beet - challenges and potential solutions of modeling crop rotation systems in LCA.

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

One of the remaining methodological challenges of agricultural LCAs is the inclusion of crop rotation effects. They are caused by changes in physical, chemical and biological properties of the agricultural land over time (e.g. soil structure, presence and availability of nutrients, phytosanitary conditions) and cannot be easily measured. LCA studies, focusing on only one vegetation period, have a limited ability to include those crop rotation effects, unless explicit modeling measures have been taken to include them. A summary on existing approaches is given and remaining gaps are identified. A new approach for the modeling of crop rotation effects is suggested. It includes the alignment of system boundaries with the whole crop rotation system, a systematic description of crop rotations, the inclusion of all inputs and all outputs and as a last step, allocation to the crop specific burdens using the agriculture-specific Cereal Unit.
Prevalence of HBsAg carriers in pregnant women in Jerusalem: risk for horizontal transmission to family members.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A prospective study was undertaken in Jerusalem to quantitate the HBsAg prevalence rate in pregnant women, to assess the effect of ethnic origin on HBsAg prevalence rates, and to determine the impact of HBsAg carrier state on hepatitis B virus horizontal transmission in the family. Of the 6,572 women screened at the time of delivery, 42 (0.64%) were found to be HBsAg positive. Although the percentage of Moslem women was 3.4% of the total study population, they accounted for 23.8% of the HBsAg positive mothers. This resulted in a prevalence rate of 4.48% as compared to only 0.5% in the Jewish population (P < 0.01). Nine percent of siblings born to HBsAg positive mothers and 29% of the husbands were found to be horizontally infected.
Association of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease with Metabolic Syndrome: A Single Center Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: NAFLD is a condition defined by excessive fat accumulation in the form of triglycerides (steatosis) in the liver (> 5% of hepatocytes histologically). Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is increasingly being recognized as a major cause of liver-related morbidity and mortality among 15-40% of the general population. Aim of the study: To evaluate the clinical profile of patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and its association with metabolic syndrome.Methods:The present cross-sectional, retro-spective study was conducted as outdoor patient basis in the Department of Medicine, Jashore medical college hospital & a private diagnostic centre, Jashore.. A total of 74 cases were included for the study. All patients in the study underwent routine investigations including complete blood counts, blood sugar, liver function tests, HBsAg, anti-HCV, lipid profile andUSG of whole abdomen. The data was collected during OPD treatment and was recorded in predesigned and pretested proforma and analyzed.Results:Mean age of the patient was 53.70±7.22 years. On physical examination findings showed the mean BMI was 27.6±4.39 kg/m2, mean waist circumference was 74.22±7.44 cm. Mean diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) was 92.87±6.25 and mean systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) 132.0±18.17. Maximum 52% patients had triglycerides >150 mg/dl while low serum HDL level was seen in 37% patients and increased waist circumference was found in 32% patients. Altered ALT ≥41 IU was observed in 10 (62.50%) of Grade II of patients with NAFLD with metabolic syndrome. Central obesity was observed in 12 (75.00%) of Grade II patients with NAFLD with metabolic syndrome. While 14 (87.50%) Grade II of patients with NAFLD with metabolic syndrome showed impaired fasting glucose (>110 mg/dl). Hypertriglyceridemia (>150 mg/dl) in 12 (70.58%) seen in Grade I of patients with NAFLD without metabolic syndrome.Conclusion:Higher prevalence of all the components of metabolic syndrome in cases of NAFLD was observed. It can be concluded that symptoms and signs of NAFLD are non-specific and occur later in the course of the disease hence the physician should have a high index of suspicion in order to detect NAFLD early in the course of the disease.
Ting-E-Ling: A Health Monitoring Device

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

With the world becoming focused on health on a personal level, individuals have the possibility to track their basic medical data, such as pulse, blood pressure, tem-perature, activity and hormone levels. The global trends also show general interest in personal health. This project aims to help people with tracking their individual health, by measuring and sending related data to the most common hand-held de-vices: smartphones. Not only this, but there are other implications of the collected data than health: the project will try to match people up (if allowed) with other people who share similar body traits and activity to them, helping them to find friends, partners or even love interests on Social Media sites like Tinder. \nDelektre Ltd is developing a ring (named Ting-E-Ling), which is capable of meas-uring the previously mentioned health data (pulse, blood pressure and body tem-perature to begin with). It can transfer this data to other devices via a Bluetooth connection. The project needs to make a software level interface on those devices (Android smartphones – later IOS planned), to process, log and display the data. Other parts include displaying the data on Social Media. The ring will use Low-Energy Bluetooth for the communication, which must be taken into account dur-ing the development. The user interface of the application must be intuitive and easy to use. \nThe ring is currently in development phase. Initial testing of the hardware has be-gun, and a prototype device capable of mimicking the data stream from the ring has been produced and provided by the company. The development of an An-droid application which is capable of the previously listed features has been initiated.
The effect of feeding fresh swine manure, poultry waste, urea, molasses and bakery by-products ensiled for lambs

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Introduction The use of by-products such as swine manure (SM), poultry waste (PW), urea (U), molasses (M) and bakery by-product (BB) is an alternative method for lamb feeding. The objective of the present study was to determine the chemical composition, dry matter intake and digestibility in growing lambs using ensiled PW combined with BB (PWBB), SM with BB (SMBB), SM with M (SMM) and U with M (UM) in their diets. Methods Four silagesâPWBB, SMBB, SMM and UMâ were prepared, the chemical composition of the silages was determined (n = 3), silages and concentrate ratio (60:40) as fresh matter were given to growing lambs over 21 days as total period, and the collection of samples to determine intake and digestibility was carried out for the last 7 days, in a 4 9 4 Latin square design, with a significance level P.05. Results The organic matter (OM) was lower (P.05) in silage with SMM (886 g/kg), and crude protein increased with UM (206 g/kg) followed by PWBB (170 g/ kg). DM, OM, NDF and ADF intake was higher (P.05) in UM diets compared with the rest of the treatments; ADF digestibility was lower (P.05) for SMM (389 g/kg) than UM (417 g/kg) diets. N intake was higher (P.05) in UM (51.3 g N/day) diets than the rest of the treatments (39.9 ± 1.3 g N/day). Conclusions The use of PWBB, SM combined with BB or M is an alternative method for lamb feeding, provided that a proper formulation supplies the nutrient requirements of crude protein and diminish the N excretion compared with UM diet.