jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor production by Leydig cells: evidence for a role in the regulation of testicular function

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), described originally as a product of activated T lymphocytes, recently has been found to be released by monocytes/macrophages and the anterior pituitary gland. Immunohistochemical studies of the adult rat testis using an affinity-purified polyclonal antimurine MIF antibody demonstrated strong staining for MIF in Leydig cells and their putative precursors. Peritubular myoid cells and the seminiferous epithelium were negative for MIF staining; however, a weak reaction around the heads of elongated spermatids also was observed. The expression of MIF messenger RNA and protein in whole rat testis was demonstrated by Northern blot and Western blot analyses, respectively. Both MIF messenger RNA and protein immunoreactivity in Leydig cells was observed in testes obtained from long term hypophysectomized rats. Significant concentrations of intracellular MIF were detected in lysates of the TM3 Leydig cell line (7.23 +/- 2.6 pg/microgram protein), and testicular interstitial fluid contained 14.7 +/- 1.6 ng/ml MIF protein, as measured by MIF-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. To gain insight into the possible biological role of MIF in the testis, cultures of adult rat seminiferous tubules and purified Leydig cells were incubated together with recombinant murine MIF (rMIF). Neither rMIF (50 ng/ml) nor a neutralizing anti-MIF antiserum was found to affect basal or LH-stimulated Leydig cell steroidogenesis in vitro. However, a dose-dependent decrease in the secretion of inhibin by the seminiferous tubules was observed at rMIF concentrations ranging from 10-100 ng/ml. Taken together, these data indicate that Leydig cells produce MIF in vivo and suggest an important regulatory role for this newly discovered mediator of testicular function.
Ana Magalhães Rodrigues (1869-1937): A Descoberta de Uma Fotógrafa Portuguesa.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Gender studies are, in the historiography of art in Portugal, incipient and, as far as the History of Photography is concerned, still embrionary. However, several names of women who dedicated themselves to photography as amateurs are already known, many of them associated to their father, brothers or husband, following a similar tradition of female contribution to the artistic world, before the 19th century. Professional Portuguese photographer, self-designated the first, the name of Maria Reya Campos is known, operating in the south of Portugal. The circumstance of having identified, in 2019, a carte-de-visite with the label ANNA MAGALHÃES RODRIGUES, opened a new path for the study of the life and path of a woman-photographer working alone in the Portuguese countryside, in the early years of the 20th century. Based on written historical sources, photographs and a set of illustrated postcards, we developed some interpretations about her formation and trade.
Fluorescence and phosphorescence of ?-carotene

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Studies have been made of the fluorescence and phosphorescence of solutions of all-trans and 15-15′-cis β-carotene. No significant differences were found in the light emission from these two isomers. At room temperature a weak green fluorescence is observed. It is proposed that both delayed fluorescence and phosphorescence occur in the delayed emission spectrum obtained at low temperature. A value of approximately 17,000 cm–1 is then obtained for the 0 â†� 0 triplet energy. The significance of this value in relation to other properties of β-carotene is discussed.
Analisa Kekuatan Internal Dan Perubahan Eksternal Dalam Menentukan Strategi Daya Saing Perusahaan

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Background - Strategy formulation is often a complicated process that requires adopting a systematic approach to diagnosing external factors and to match these external factors with internal capabilities, therefore strategy formulation is an important measure of a company's success in winning the competition at the national level or maybe even at the international level. Purpose – This study aims to provide an academic paper on freight Forwarder company management which is the object of research in determining future company strategies by identifying SWOT and TOWS in order to uncover strategies to exploit strengths and opportunities as well as to improve weaknesses and overcome these threats. Design / Methodology / Approach – This study uses a qualitative approach in answering the formulation of research problems. The data collection method consists of a comprehensive review of the literature and a part of interviews with management executives at freight forwarders. Data analysis uses the IFE approach and the EFE Matrix, to map the scores and weightings of internal strengths and external changes. Result and Discussion – Combining the IFE and EFE analysis, we get a company positioning plot at the medium or hold and maintain level, which means that the company's current focus is on market penetration and product / service development. Conclusion – The TOWS matrix produces a series of proposed strategies, namely SO, WO, ST, and WT that echo internal and external conditions, so it is hoped that the four proposed strategies will be able to increase the competitiveness of companies in the national arena. Research Limitation - This research is limited to companies within the scope of freight forwarders in the city of Surabaya. Research in different years with the same variables is suggested to be carried out in the future, considering that internal changes and external changes will follow changes in time. Research Implications - This research can be used as a reference for other companies in the freight forwarder sector to determine the direction of the company's future strategy, however, these results are only valid for companies that are the object of research, all variables must be changed and adjusted to the conditions of each company. the proposed strategy becomes valid. Acknowledgment - This research was carried out in collaboration with companies in the field of freigt forwarders in the city of Surabaya, along with their leaders who took the time and willingness to complete this research study.
160 STRATEGIC VACCINATION AGAINST BOVINE VIRAL DIARRHEA (BVD), INFECTIOUS BOVINE RHINOTRACHEITIS (IBR) AND LEPTOSPIROSIS IMPROVES PREGNANCY RATE IN FTAI PROTOCOLS IN NELORE BEEF COWS

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

The negative effect of some diseases, such as bovine viral diarrhea (BVD), infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR), and Leptospirosis, on bovine reproduction rates are well known. The uses of vaccines are considered to be an important tool available in order to control reproductive losses but their efficiency is still controversial. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of vaccination against BVD, IBR, and Leptospirosis to improve pregnancy rate in beef cattle submitted to fixed-timed AI (FTAI). Nelore cows (n = 1172) from 4 beef cattle farms in Brazil were randomly distributed in two experimental groups: Group 1 (treated, n = 584) received the first dose of the inactivated vaccines (Bioleptogen and Bioabortogen H, Biogénesis Bagó, Garín, Argentina) at the beginning of the FTAI protocol and the second dose on the pregnancy diagnostic 40 days later; Group 2 (control group, n = 588) received 0.9% saline solution. Serum samples from 3–5% of animals in each farm herd were collected to determinate IBR, BVD, and Leptospirosis challenges, by using ELISA protocol for BVD and IBR (Synbiotics BVD p80 ab monoblocking test and Synbiotics BoHV-1 gB monoblocking test, respectively; Synbiotics Corp., Kansas City, MO, USA); and microaglutination test for Leptospirosis. All animals were submitted to the FTAI protocol: D0 = intravaginal P4 device (Cronipress, Biogenesis Bagó) and application of 2 mg oestradiol benzoate (Bioestrogen, Biogénesis Bagó); Day 8 = intravaginal device removal + 0.5 mg oestradiol cipionate (E.C.P, Zoetis Inc., Florham Park, NJ, USA) and 25 mg D-cloprostenol sodium (Croniben, Biogénesis Bagó) and FTAI after 48 h. Body condition scores (BCS) were measured on Day 0 and pregnancy diagnostic were performed on Day 40. Data were analysed by logistic regression using PROC LOGISTIC procedure of the SAS software (SAS 9.3, SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC, USA) as well as the significant differences between the factors was analysed to nonparametric statistical frequency (chi-square test; PROC FREQ). Pregnancy rates on day 40 were greater (P &lt; 0.0001) in Group 1 (58.21%; 340/584) compared to Group 2 (44.73%; 263/588). Effect in BCS by pregnancy rates was observed (P = 0.0165) among animals with higher compared to lower BCS (61.40% v. 47.98%, respectively). Results from BVD, IBR and Leptospirosis prevalence were respectively (78.26%; 95.65%, and 10.20%), demonstrating that all herds were challenger for the 3 agents and a positive correlation with pregnancy rates (P &lt; 0.001) in vaccinated group. In conclusion, vaccination with Bioabortogen H and Bioleptogen contributed to increase pregnancy rates in beef cattle submitted to FTAI; and the positive correlation between high prevalence of BVD, IBR, and leptospirosis, and an increased pregnancy rate by 13.48% can be due to fewer losses caused by the vaccination protection up to Day 40.
THE ROLE OF PHILANTHROPY IN COLLECTIVE IMPACT

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

There is no doubt that Collective Impact is a “change maker,” having considerable resonance with those involved in innovative community development projects like the East Scarborough Storefront. But can such collaborations be funded given the current focus of many funders on narrowly defined issues and specific outcomes? Cathy Mann, a fund raising consultant with more than twenty years of experience, looks at the role of philanthropy in supporting Collective Impact networks and the backbone organizations that are so critical in sustaining them.
Improving fourier transform toolbox

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Throughout the project, MATLAB is used to program a graphics user interface (GUI) that would perform Fourier Transform on a total of 14 different signal types. The aim is to create a GUI that would plot the signal and its Fourier Transformed’s magnitude and phase spectrum with suitable axis range, regardless of the input values, of either, large or small, or positive or negative. This is to focus mainly on the critical components on each individual plot. MATLAB’s Symbolic Math Toolbox is used to program the plots. The range, maximum and minimum, of both the x and y axis is calculated and thus coded with margins, to provide suitable axis range. While graphics user interface development environment (GUIDE) is used to design and code a GUI that could plot and show the Fourier Transformed pairs with suitable axis range, by just inputting the variables value and choosing the signal type to be used.
Spectroscopy and hydrodynamics of dense stellar winds

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Analyzing the spectra from Wolf-Rayet stars requires adequate non-LTE modeling of their expanding atmosphere. The numerical schemes for solving the radiative transfer in the co-moving frame of reference have been developed by Mihalas and co-workers 30 years ago. The most elaborate codes can cope today with many hundred explicit non-LTE levels or super-levels and account for metal-line blanketing. The limited agreement with observed spectra indicates that the model simplifications are still severe. One approximation that has to be blamed is homogeneity. Stellar-wind clumping on small scales was easily implemented, while "macro-clumping" is still a big challenge. First studies showed that macro-clumping can reduce the strength of predicted P-Cygni line profiles in O-star spectra, and largely affects the X-ray line spectra from stellar winds. The classical model for radiation-driven winds by Castor, Abbot and Klein fails to explain the very dense winds from Wolf-Rayet stars. Only when we solved the detailed non-LTE radiative transfer consistently with the hydrodynamic equations, mass-loss rates above the single-scattering limit have been obtained.
The Effect of Storage at Elevated Temperature on Some Proteins of Freeze‐Dried Beef a

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

SUMMARY In an attempt to determine the effect of oxygen and elevated temperature on freeze‐dried beef in a moisture‐free atmosphere, two series of storage experiments were conducted on freeze‐dried beef slices. In one longissimus dorsi muscle, and in the other semitendinosus, was packaged under commercially feasible conditions where the residual gas contained 2.5 ± 0.5% oxygen and no atmospheric moisture. An in‐can desiccant, calcium oxide (CaO), and an oxygen scavenger, Oxyban (glucose oxidase), were added in some instances, and the cans were stored up to 6 months at 100°F. In each series there was marked loss in extractability of actomyosin, and in activity of actomyosin ATPase after 1 month, but only a 40% loss of sarcoplasmic proteins. The residual aldolase activity decreased progressively to 8% at 6 months, whereas the residual water‐soluble proteins decreased progressively only to 56%. There was a marked difference between the two series in percent rehydration at 6 mouths: 81.1 in one, and only 26 in the second. Electrophoresis of the sarcoplasmic proteins showed gross denaturation after 1 month at 100°F.
Specification for Fiberglass Reinforced Styrene-Butadiene-Styrene (SBS) Modified Bituminous Sheets with a Factory Applied Metal Surface

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

This specification covers fiberglass reinforced bituminous sheet materials modified by styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) thermoplastic elastomer, and are surfaced with a factory applied continuous metal foil. These materials are intended for use in the fabrication of multiple ply roofing and waterproofing membranes and flashings. This is intended as a material specification only, and does not address specific roof constructions or application techniques. The specified tests and property limits are intended to establish minimum properties. Roof system design criteria such as fire resistance, field strength, impact/puncture resistance, material compatibility, uplift resistance, and others are factors beyond the scope of this specification. The properties for which the materials shall be tested on and consequently conform to are thickness, net mass per unit, back surface coating thickness, peak load value, elongation at peak load, ultimate elongation, tensile-tear strength, low-temperature flexibility, dimensional stability, compound stability, cyclic thermal shock, water absorption, and moisture content.
Replicating and extending the GI/E model: Social and dimensional comparison effects of achievement on test anxiety in math, physics, German, and English

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The internal/external frame of reference model (I/E model; Marsh, 1986) depicts the formation of academic self-concept by assuming an interplay of social and dimensional comparison processes within and across different domains. Associations between achievement and self-concept are expected to be positive within one given domain due to social comparisons (i.e., external frame of reference) and negative across different domains due to dimensional comparisons (i.e., internal frame of reference). The Generalized I/E model (GI/E model; Möller, Müller-Kalthoff, Helm, Nagy, & Marsh, 2015) allows for the inclusion of other outcome variables besides academic self-concept, for example, interest or motivation. The present research aimed at applying the GI/E model to the construct of test anxiety, thereby replicating and significantly extending some first supportive findings on the validity of the GI/E model with test anxiety (Arens, Becker, & Möller, 2017). To this end, we expanded the scope of the GI/E model with test anxiety for the first time to four domains; namely math, physics, German, and English. For this purpose, we drew on a sample of N = 305 9th and 10th graders attending the highest ability school track (i.e., Gymnasium) from six different secondary schools in four German federal states. Analyses were carried out using structural equation modelling in Mplus 8. We used school grades in the respective domains as achievement indicators. Test anxiety was assessed separately for each domain while simultaneously differentiating between two components of test anxiety; namely, worry and emotionality. Our results suggested negative within-domain relations between achievement and test anxiety in all four domains (i.e., higher grades were associated with less test anxiety). The pattern of results for the relations across domains was not as clear. Positive links between achievement and test anxiety across domains (i.e., higher grades in domain A were associated with higher test anxiety in domain B) were weak and could only be established for the association between German achievement and students’ worry in mathematics. These findings partially supported the assumptions made by the GI/E model. As such, we replicated preexisting findings and added novel insights to the GI/E model. Our results were discussed within the framework of self-concept theory and research as well as dimensional comparison theory.
Comment on “Detection of small comets with a ground‐based telescope” by L. A. Frank and J. B. Sigwarth

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Frank and Sigwarth (2001,JGRSP,106,A3,3665; FS) report on an optical search for small comets in which they report detection of nine faint trails. FS claim that these trails are produced by low-mass, low-albedo ob-jects whose inferred number density is consistent with that predicted by the small comet hypothesis. The images used for the search were the same as those obtained in a previous unsuccessful optical search for small comets reported by Mutel and Fix (2000, JGRSP,105,24907; MF). The results of these two independent analyses of the same image dataset are not formally in disagreement, since all detections reported by FS are fainter than the minimum detectable magnitude limit (16.5) determined by MF. However, since the conclusions are quite different, we have independently re-analyzed the original search images for evidence of the faint detections reported by FS. In particular, we have carefully examined whether the three putative trails whose positions are available satisfy several necessary criteria for a candidate grouping of excess-count pixels to be caused by a celestial object. While we have not evaluated the formal statistical significance of faint detections, all three claimed detections fail one or more independent criteria required for a valid detection. In addition, both the level and shape of the claimed integral detection rate versus magnitude are in strong disagreement with the inte-gral number density of the small comets hypothesis. We conclude that unless the remaining claimed detections can prove otherwise, the lack of detections after "careful examination" of the 1,500 search images described in FS provides the most compelling evidence yet published against the small comet hypothesis.
Gas absorption with filled polymer systems

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract This paper deals with the gas absorption behavior of polymer systems. The emphasis is on the difference between filled and unfilled polymers to explain heterogeneous nucleation in filled polymers. A Foaming Process Simulator has been built to study the gas absorption. It consists of a test chamber that holds the polymer samples. The chamber can be pressurized with gas up to 5000 psi and heated up to 450°F. The gas pressure is monitored by a high‐accuracy pressure transducer and recorded by a data acquisition system. The amount of gas absorbed by a polymer is determined from the pressure change in the test chamber. A rotor applies shear to the polymer melt to investigate the shear effects. Two polymer systems were tested: HDPE with/without talc, and PVC with/without calcium carbonate. The fillers were well dispersed as verified with scanning electron microscope. The tests were done at the melt temperatures from 120°C to 177°C and a saturation pressure of about 18.9 MPa. It was found that the filled polymers absorb more gas compared to the unfilled ones. It is suggested that there is a certain amount of gas accumulated in the filler‐polymer interface. This accumulated gas helps to create cells during the foaming process.
Entity Typing Datasets

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

These are the datasets used in the Entity Type Prediction task for Knowledge Graph Completion. DB630k_Fine-grained_Hierarchical.zip dataset has been used in the papers [1] and [2]. It is an extended version of DBpedia630k dataset originally created for Text classification and is available here. FIGER.zip dataset has also been used in the papers [1] and [2]. MultilingualETdata.zip dataset has been used in the paper [3] NamesETdata.zip dataset has been used in the paper [4]. The CaLiGraph test dataset can also be downloaded here. [1] Biswas R, Sofronova R, Sack H, Alam M. Cat2type: Wikipedia category embeddings for entity typing in knowledge graphs. InProceedings of the 11th on Knowledge Capture Conference 2021 Dec 2 (pp. 81-88). [2] Biswas R, Portisch J, Paulheim H, Sack H, Alam M. Entity type prediction leveraging graph walks and entity descriptions. In The Semantic Web–ISWC 2022: 21st International Semantic Web Conference, Virtual Event, October 23–27, 2022, Proceedings 2022 Oct 16 (pp. 392-410). Cham: Springer International Publishing. [3] Biswas R, Chen Y, Paulheim H, Sack H, Alam M. It’s All in the Name: Entity Typing Using Multilingual Language Models. In The Semantic Web: ESWC 2022 Satellite Events: Hersonissos, Crete, Greece, May 29–June 2, 2022, Proceedings 2022 Jul 20 (pp. 36-41). Cham: Springer International Publishing. [4] Biswas R, Sofronova R, Alam M, Heist N, Paulheim H, Sack H. Do judge an entity by its name! entity typing using language models. In The Semantic Web: ESWC 2021 Satellite Events: Virtual Event, June 6–10, 2021, Revised Selected Papers 18 2021 (pp. 65-70). Springer International Publishing.
AGU Cinema: Festival of short science films at Fall Meeting

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

New technologies have revolutionized the use of video as a means of science communication and have made it easier to create, distribute, and view. With video having become omnipresent in our culture, it sometime supplements or even replaces writing in many science and education applications. An inaugural science film festival sponsored by AGU at the 2012 Fall Meeting in San Francisco, Calif., in December will showcase short videos—30 minutes or less in length—developed to disseminate scientific results to various audiences and to enhance learning in the classroom. AGU Cinema will feature professionally produced, big budget films alongside low‐budget videos aimed at niche audiences and made by amateurs. The latter category includes videos made by governmental agency scientists, educators, communications specialists within scientific organizations, and Fall Meeting oral and poster presenters.