jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Conflicts of interest in finance

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Purpose Relying on research from social psychology and business ethics, this paper aims to argue that the current massive regulatory regime surrounding the attempts to curb what is perceived to be damaging conflicts of interests in the financial industry is based on misguided assumptions, and that the trend of increasingly detailed rule-making, supervision and sanctioning in this area might be counter-effective. This should cause financial services legislators and regulators to be cautious when proposing more detailed rules as solutions to perceived problems. The paper argues that disclosure is no remedy for a harmful conflict of interest, and that such an obligation can only be based on the client’s right to know about the conflict. This right, however, does not, in itself, justify all the extensive and detailed regulation in the area. The paper ends with a recommendation for more research into the moral reasoning ability of financial services professionals, as well as the interplay between judgment and rules in the finance industry. Design/methodology/approach The paper relies on research within behavioural moral psychology, and applies it to business ethics with the aim of discussing the impact of regulation on moral reasoning within the finance industry. Findings Regulation might lead to a decrease in moral reasoning, which is the premise of proper handling of conflicts of interest. Additionally, disclosure of unavoidable conflicts of interest might even strengthen the negative consequences of such conflicts. Research limitations/implications More research should be conducted within the financial services sector about the effect of regulation on individual judgment. Practical implications The paper proposes that care should be exercised when proposing increased and complex regulation to avoid unintended and adverse consequences for the financial services industry. Originality/value The paper synthesises existing research within different fields – such as moral psychology and analytic business ethics – and applies it to financial regulation.
Technology for dementia care: benefits, opportunities and concerns

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The rise in incidence and prevalence of dementia globally is driving the technological revolution to develop effective healthcare solutions for dementia patients and caretakers. These solutions promise enhanced mechanisms to manage lifestyle, monitor cognitive performance, ensure the security and safety of the elderly, and deliver rehabilitation services. In this viewpoint, we contextualize the role of technology in dementia care by elaborating on these solutions and discussing the associated benefits, opportunities, and concerns.
Energy Efficiency: A Multi-Criteria Evaluation Method for the Intervention on Built Heritage

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The awareness that a historic building is a complex system made up of interdependent parts and endowed with a specific energetic behavior is now widespread. Therefore, the energy improvement of a historic building does not only consist of designing individual construction elements or high-performance materials. On the contrary, it is based on the ability to analyze the buildings and recognize and enhance the specific thermal characteristics of each individual situation. Over the past two decades, the publication of European directives aimed at improving the energy efficiency of existing buildings has led each country to promulgate national guidelines in order to help operators planning and implementing energy improvement actions for historic buildings. The guidelines of the Italian Ministry of Cultural Heritage prescribe a method to evaluate the effectiveness of different energy improvement interventions in historic buildings through a qualitative-quantitative analysis based on static energy simulation. However, the ministerial guidelines do not prescribe any method for the analytical evaluation of other key issues aimed at the success of any energy improvement action for the historic building. Based on the literary and standard review on EEHB 2000–2020, this paper presents a multi-criteria comparative analysis method of energy improvement techniques for historic buildings in order to support operators in choosing the most suitable action for each case study. The method analyses each energy improvement technique according to four parameters: energy efficiency (increase in expected efficiency), compatibility (ability to ensure the protection of the morphological, material, and architectural features of the historic building), durability, and cost effectiveness. The method is based on descriptive and analytic forms for the different parts of the historic building and for the different improvement actions. These have been experimentally verified on a masonry case study, representative of widespread built heritage. The result opens the possibility of implementing the national guidelines and increasing their effectiveness.
Synthesis and characterization of polymeric nanoparticle aiming breast cancer treatment

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Os autores externos submeteram sua publicação para apresentação de trabalho no evento “International Symposium on Immunobiologicals”, que foi coordenado e organizado pelo Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos (Bio-Manguinhos), da Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Apresentador do material: Vinícius de Lima Gonçalves. Tipo de material apresentado: Pôster.
Phase 0 trials

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Phase 0 clinical trials are a novel process involved in drug development. These trials conducted before phase I are the first phase in which humans receive a minimal amount of an agent allowing researchers to study the pharmacokinetics of a drug in humans. Phase 0 trials do not provide therapeutic effects to participants raising a controversial issue. Despite so, phase 0 trials have posed benefits as they allow for the elimination of potential drugs that have limited therapeutic efficiency. Although phase 0 trials are more expensive than preclinical trials, they help optimize the selection of drugs to advance into further human trials. Learning about phase 0 clinical trials including study design, practical considerations, benefits and challenges, standard research team, and budgetary considerations is important because it allows researchers to learn more about how they can implement phase 0 into their clinical trials to improve the drug development process.
The Art of Collaboration: Lessons from Families of Children with Disabilities

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The Art of Collaboration: Lessons from Families of Children with Disabilities, co-authored by two professors of education and a parent of a child with disabilities, draws on the literature as well as original research to explore the meaning of collaboration and the benefits and barriers to developing positive school and family partnerships. The voices and stories of families of children with a variety of disabilities and experiences are at the heart of the book, providing insights into how we might re-conceptualize collaboration as an ongoing process and an âartâ built on a shared commitment to improving the lives of children and families. The book begins with an overview of the research on collaboration and explores key themes, including the process of identifying a disability, the meaning of parent knowledge and expertise in the digital age, the potential to join parent and professional knowledge for the benefit of the child and family, and approaches leading to meaningful collaboration and communication. These include a variety of family-centered tools and practices, strategies for promoting parent advocacy and leadership, and a focus on hope and resiliency. Each chapter concludes with questions for reflection and suggested activities, making it an ideal resource for both parents and professionals. Throughout, the authors critique the collaborative process, while focusing on its promises and possibilities for families, educators, and other professionals.
Effect of Lateral Partners on Law Firm Performance

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

We examine how employee mobility influences firms’ performance by focusing on lateral partners in law firms. We also examined how the effect of lateral partner hiring on law firm performance would change with the leverage ratio which is a human capital structure between partners and associates. Using data from large U.S. law firms, we find an inverse U-shape relationship between the number of lateral partners and law firm performance. We also find that the leverage ratio influences the non-linear relationship significantly, i.e., the curvilinear effects of lateral partner on a firm’s performance become stronger as the leverage ratio increases.
The genome sequence ofHirschfeldia incana, a new Brassicaceae model to improve photosynthetic light‐use efficiency

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

SUMMARY Photosynthesis is a key process in sustaining plant and human life. Improving the photosynthetic capacity of agricultural crops is an attractive means to increase their yields. While the core mechanisms of photosynthesis are highly conserved in C 3 plants, these mechanisms are very flexible, allowing considerable diversity in photosynthetic properties. Among this diversity is the maintenance of high photosynthetic light‐use efficiency at high irradiance as identified in a small number of exceptional C 3 species. Hirschfeldia incana , a member of the Brassicaceae family, is such an exceptional species, and because it is easy to grow, it is an excellent model for studying the genetic and physiological basis of this trait. Here, we present a reference genome of H. incana and confirm its high photosynthetic light‐use efficiency. While H. incana has the highest photosynthetic rates found so far in the Brassicaceae, the light‐saturated assimilation rates of closely related Brassica rapa and Brassica nigra are also high. The H. incana genome has extensively diversified from that of B. rapa and B. nigra through large chromosomal rearrangements, species‐specific transposon activity, and differential retention of duplicated genes. Duplicated genes in H. incana , B. rapa , and B. nigra that are involved in photosynthesis and/or photoprotection show a positive correlation between copy number and gene expression, providing leads into the mechanisms underlying the high photosynthetic efficiency of these species. Our work demonstrates that the H. incana genome serves as a valuable resource for studying the evolution of high photosynthetic light‐use efficiency and enhancing photosynthetic rates in crop species.
The method of source derivation for the EEG.

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The technical background to this work was described by Hjorth (1975). The derivation is a practical implementation of the Laplace operator and detects source activity as it appears on the surface level of the scalp. The advantages are improved topographical selectivity as compared to bipolar or referential derivation and simplicity of presentation as the activity at each electrode position is represented by only one channel, without the influence of a monopolar reference. Using the electrode positions in the 10-20 system, the derivations are implemented by means of resistive matrix networks connected between the EEG amplifiers, the source derivation is divided between two programmes, an anterior and a posterior. Personal experience with the method over the last 12 months has been assessed. 500 consecutive and otherwise unselected records were re-examined. Source derivation did not demonstrate an abnormality when the conventional derivations were normal. The principal finding was that localised abnormalities may be more obvious and their location more easily and accurately defined.
The percentage of <i>Trichoderma</i> spp., found in different sampling sites in Southeast China [Zhuhai (wt11), Hangzhou (wt12), Ningbo (wt13), Fengxian (wt14), Yantai (wt15), Shanghai (wt16), Shantou (wt17), Beihai (wt18), Fuzhou (wt19) and Lianyungang (wt20)].

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

<p>The percentage of <i>Trichoderma</i> spp., found in different sampling sites in Southeast China [Zhuhai (wt11), Hangzhou (wt12), Ningbo (wt13), Fengxian (wt14), Yantai (wt15), Shanghai (wt16), Shantou (wt17), Beihai (wt18), Fuzhou (wt19) and Lianyungang (wt20)].</p>
Interleukin-23 Inhibition as a Strategy to Treat Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The satellite symposium comprised two short presentations aimed at providing an overview of the rationale for the use of interleukin (IL)-23 inhibition as a targeted strategy to treat immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. Presentations by Prof Prinz and Prof Danese focussed on psoriasis and inflammatory bowel disease, respectively, as examples of clinical indications in which the gene-to-clinic approach has led to the development and approval of biologic IL-23 inhibitors. In psoriasis the introduction of targeted anti-IL-17/IL-17 receptor A-chain (RA) and anti-IL-23 biologic therapies has provided a paradigm shift in the management of the disease, making complete clearance of disease a realistic aim for the first time. The use of IL-12/IL-23 inhibitors, such as ustekinumab, is now also possible in Crohn’s disease (CD), providing another example of the successful translation of immunological targeting into clinical practice.
In situ measurement of solute transport in the bone lacunar‐canalicular system

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Solute transport through the bone lacunar‐canalicular system is essential for osteocyte survival and function, but has proved difficult to measure. We report a novel approach that permits direct measurement of solute movement in intact bones. Using Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching, movement of a vitally injected dye (sodium fluorescein) among individual osteocytic lacunae was visualized in situ beneath the periosteum of mouse tibia at depths up to 50 μ m with confocal microscopy. Transport was analyzed using a 2‐compartment mathematical model of solute diffusion that accounted for the characteristic anatomical features of the lacunar‐canalicular system. Diffusion coefficient of fluorescein (376Da) in bone was determined to be 3.3 + 0.6 x10 −6 cm 2 /sec, which is 62% of its diffusion in water. This reduced diffusion is consistent with the presence of an osteocyte pericellular matrix whose structure resembles that proposed for the endothelial glycocalyx [Squire (2001) J Struct Biol 136 ,]. To our knowledge, this is the first study where the dynamics of molecular movement has been measured directly in the bone lacunar‐canalicular system. This in situ imaging approach should also facilitate the analysis of convection‐based transport mechanisms in bones of living animals. This study was supported by grants from NIH & NASA.
Molecular Modeling of Cathepsin B protein in different Leishmania strains

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Cathepsin B like cysteine proteases representing a major component of the lysosomal proteolytic repertoire plays an important role in intracellular protein degradation. Comparative models of cathepsin B (CatB) protein of six different Leishmania strains were developed using MODELLER. The modeled three-dimensional (3-D) structure has the correct stereochemistry as gauged from the Ramachandran plot and good 3-D structure compatibility as assessed by PROCHECK and the DOPE score ( DS2.1, Accelrys ). T he modeled proteins were energy minimized and validated using standard dynamic cascade protocol (DS 2.1). Seven different disulfide bonding sites are predicted in CatB protein of Leishmania . Two domains were identified and different motifs are present in catB protein of Leishmania like aspargine glycosylation site, protein kinase phosphorylation site, Protein kinase C activation site, N-myristoylation site. Considering that cathepsin B is essential for survival of Leishmania , including for virulence to the mammalian host, it may be viewed as an attractive drug target.
Temperature Dependence of the Elastic Constants of the Alkali Halides. I. NaCl, KCl, and KBr

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The elastic constants of NaCl, KCl, and KBr have been measured from room temperature to temperatures near their melting points. A phase-comparison technique was used to measure the velocity of high-frequency sound waves in the crystals from which the elastic constants were derived. The elastic constants obtained were found to agree, within experimental error, with previously measured values. The theoretical values of the temperature dependence calculated from the expressions of Mitskevich agree very well with the experimentally obtained values. The value and temperature dependence at high temperatures of the elastic constants (c11–c12)/2 are compared to the relative melting temperatures of the three crystals. In support of the theory of Thompson, the rapid decrease of this elastic constant can be correlated with the relative temperature of melting.
Advanced High Vacuum Techniques for ω-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Esters Concentration

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

PETRICA IANCU1, NICOLETA-GABRIELA STEFAN1, VALENTIN PLESU1*, AURELIAN TOMA1, EMIL STEPAN2 1 Centre for Technology Transfer for the Process Industries, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 1, Gh. Polizu Str., 011061 Bucharest, Roamnia 2 The National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry ICECHIM, 202 Spl. Independentei, 060021, Bucharest, Romania
Analysis and Evaluation of a Two Engine Configuration in a Series Hybrid Electric Vehicle

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

The paper proposes the use of two engines as primary energy converter in a new generation refuse hauling vehicle with a series hybrid electric powertrain. The mission profile of such a vehicle in most U.S. cities is composed by an urban driving cycle for refuse collection, with low power requirements, followed by a highway section in which the vehicle travels at full power. Thus, while the engine must be sized for high power levels, it will be used at low loads for most of the time. The original Diesel engine is replaced with two smaller common-rail Diesel engines. The smaller engines are the same used in many mid-size European sedans and provide high peak efficiency. When the power required by the vehicle is low, the power request can be satisfied using only one of them, and the other one can be switched off. Thus, the only engine in use is running at high load (i.e., high efficiency) and the fuel consumption can be reduced in comparison with a single, bigger engine running at low load. An analysis of the typical vehicle driving cycle is carried out in order to evaluate the advantages of the dual engine architecture. The control strategy of the hybrid electric powertrain, which usually splits the power between the engine and the energy storage system, is extended with an additional degree of freedom, managing the power split between the two engines in order to minimize the instantaneous fuel consumption. A vehicle simulator is used to evaluate advantages and disadvantages of the proposed architecture, and to determine the best conditions for its implementation. Significant reductions of fuel consumption are obtained under proper conditions.
Comparative Performance Analysis of 6T SRAM cell in 180nm and 90nm Technologies

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Memories are one of the most important component in semiconductor integrated circuits. In recent years, faster memories with more data stability and lower power consumption emerge in different technologies. Among the types of memories, SRAM is one of the fastest which is generally used as high speed registers and caches. The stability, power consumption and speed of SRAM are current trending research fields. This work consists of 6T SRAM Cell modelled in 180nm and 90nm CMOS Technology and compared the average power and delay in different temperatures across these technologies. The entire work is simulated in Cadence.
Application of CVD coatings on the inner surfaces of cooled GTD blades

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The possibility of applying Mo and Cr coatings by CVD method to the inner surfaces of tubular products Ø ˂ 60 mm has been studied.The process of applying Mo and Cr coatings by the method of gas-phase deposition was developed.The areas of parameters for obtaining coatings with a uniform structure, speed, hardness, as well as patterns of change in these characteristics when changing the main parameters of the process of obtaining such coatings are determined.The proven technological processes of applying Mo and Cr CVD coatings can be the basis for the development of pilot technologies for applying functional coatings to precision parts with small-diameter inner tubular surfaces in the mechanical engineering and aviation industries.A controlled process of applying two-component chromium-aluminum coatings by gas-phase deposition using organic and organometallic substances was developed. Optimization of the processes of applying high-quality two-component chromium-aluminum coatings on prototype models of the internal cavities of cooled turbine blades was carried out.The studies revealed the characteristics of two-component chromium-aluminum coatings comparable to those of coatings used in production, while ensuring good quality coatings in terms of adhesion strength to the turbine blade material. The reproducibility of the coatings obtained makes it possible to develop pilot technologies for production in the future.The lower toxicity of the precursors used makes it possible to create an environmentally friendly technology and significantly reduce environmental problems in production when applying two-component chromium-aluminum coatings to the internal cavities of cooled turbine blades.
Gastroprotective Effect of Microencapsulated Myrtus communis Essential Oil against Ethanol/HCl-Induced Acute Gastric Lesions

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Myrtus communis L. essential oil (EO), mainly composed of myrtenyl acetate (30.6%), linalool (14.9%), α-pinene (11.10%) and 1,8-cineole or eucalyptol (9.9%), was microencapsulated with maltodextrin by emulsification and spray-drying, reaching a yield and efficiency of 43.7 and 48.7%, respectively. The microencapsulated myrtle EO (MMEO) was then evaluated regarding its gastroprotective activity in a model of ethanol/HCl-induced acute gastric ulcer in Wistar rats. Pretreatment with MMEO induced a remarkable inhibition of gastric lesions and acidity, correlated to high healing and protection percentages. Moreover, it exerted a potent anti-inflammatory effect on the gastric mucosa, counteracting EtOH-induced gastric lipoperoxidation and preventing the depletion of the antioxidant enzyme activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). Taken together, the gastroprotective action of encapsulated MMEO may be multi-factorial, and ascribable, at least in parts, to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.