jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Theorising the state (or its absence?) in anti-corporate protest

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In this chapter, the authors begin by briefly sketching the theoretical departure points and method of their exploration, followed by a brief description of the two anti-corporate protests that form the substance of this exploration. The two anti-corporate protests are the one against Vedanta in Niyamgiri and the one against Adani in Bhadreshwar-Mundhra. The authors bring us to a realisation of the role of anti-corporate protest in the foment of post-colonial state-building. The news reports capture the range of variation in responses to anti-corporate protest in India. The first pertains to the protest of an indigenous community against the Vedanta mining company on the east coast of India. The cultural belief seems to have compelled judicial activism to secure institutional legitimacy for judiciary as a constituent of the state. The authors conclude by highlighting the peculiar condition of the post-colonial state and its political opportunity structure.
Accelerated atrial pacing reduces left-heart filling pressure: a combined clinical-computational study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background and Aims Accelerated atrial pacing offers potential benefits for patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and atrial fibrillation (AF), compared with standard lower-rate pacing. The study investigates the relationship between atrial pacing rate and left-heart filling pressure. Methods Seventy-five consecutive patients undergoing catheter ablation for AF underwent assessment of mean left atrial pressure (mLAP) and atrioventricular (AV) conduction delay (PR interval) in sinus rhythm and accelerated atrial pacing with 10 bpm increments up to Wenckebach block. Computer simulations (CircAdapt) of a virtual HFpEF cohort complemented clinical observations and hypothesized the modulating effects of AV coupling and atrial (dys)function. Results In the study cohort, 49(65%) patients had a high HFpEF likelihood (H2FPEF ≥ 5.0), and 28(37%) an elevated mLAP ≥ 15 mmHg at sinus rhythm. Optimal pacing rates of 100 [70–110]bpm (median [IQR]) significantly reduced mLAP from 12.8 [10.0–17.4]mmHg in sinus rhythm (55 [52–61]bpm) to 10.4 [7.8–14.8]mmHg (P &lt; .001). Conversely, higher pacing rates (130 [110–140]bpm) significantly increased mLAP to 14.7 [11.0–17.8]mmHg (P &lt; .05). PR interval and, hence, AV conduction delay prolonged incrementally with increasing pacing rates. Simulations corroborated these clinical findings, showing mLAP reduction at a moderately increased pacing rate and a subsequent increase at higher rates. Moreover, simulations suggested that mLAP reduction is optimized when AV conduction delay shortens with increasing rate. Conclusions Accelerated pacing acutely reduces left-heart filling pressure in patients undergoing AF catheter ablation and computer simulations with HFpEF features, suggesting it as a potential therapeutic strategy to alleviate congestion symptoms. Virtual HFpEF patient cohorts hypothesize that AV sequential pacing may further optimize this therapy's beneficial effects.
Novel semiconductor/superlattice distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) and its characteristics

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

A novel semiconductor/superlattice AlAs/[GaAs/AlAs] DBR has been obtained through replacing the AlxGa1-x$As in the AlAs/Al(subscript xGa1-xAs DBR with GaAs/AlAs superlattice. In experiment, a p-type of this kind of 19-period DBR has been grown by V80H MBE system. From the experimental reflection spectrum, the central wavelength of the DBP is about 850nm and the 19-period DBR has the reflectivity high up to as 99.5%. Moreover, by using twice self-designed tungsten filament mask and proton implantation method, the 10x10 (mu) m2square current flowing area has been made to measure the series resistance of the p-type DBR. The method can solve the difficulty in controlling the depth of etching prevent the occurrence of side etching in wet chemical etching usually used in experiments. From our experiment the series resistance of the DBR was just about 50 Ohms. Furthermore, the dependence of series resistance on temperature has also been studied. From the experimental results, it was found that the low series resistance of this kind of DBRs may be attributed to an increase in tunneling current on the semiconductor/superlattice minor structure that would leave to a decrease in the series resistance.
Structure–Activity Relationship of Phytoestrogen Analogs as ERα/β Agonists with Neuroprotective Activities

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

A set of isoflavononid and flavonoid analogs was prepared and evaluated for estrogen receptor α (ERα) and ERβ transactivation and anti-neuroinflammatory activities. Structure-activity relationship (SAR) study of naturally occurring phytoestrogens, their metabolites, and related isoflavone analogs revealed the importance of the C-ring of isoflavonoids for ER activity and selectivity. Docking study suggested putative binding modes of daidzein 2 and dehydroequol 8 in the active site of ERα and ERβ, and provided an understanding of the promising activity and selectivity of dehydroequol 8. Among the tested compounds, equol 7 and dehydroequol 8 were the most potent ERα/β agonists with ERβ selectivity and neuroprotective activity. This study provides knowledge on the SAR of isoflavonoids for further development of potent and selective ER agonists with neuroprotective potential.
Green Tea and Lung Cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Green tea is a beverage widely used by lung cancer patients and the public for its purported anticancer properties. The authors conducted a systematic review of green tea for the treatment and prevention of lung cancer. Methodology: Six electronic databases were searched from inception until November 2011 for human interventional and preclinical evidence pertaining to the safety and efficacy of green tea for lung cancer. Results: A total of 84 articles met inclusion criteria: two Phase I trials, three reports of one surrogate study, and 79 preclinical studies. There is a lack of controlled trials investigating green tea for lung cancer. Two Phase I studies showed no objective tumor responses at the maximum tolerated dose, ranging from 3 to 4.2 g/m 2 green tea extract (GTE) per day. Four cups of green tea daily decreased DNA damage (8OH-dG) in smokers. Human studies indicate that 800mg of green tea catechins daily does not alter activity of the CYP2D6, CYP1A2, CYP3A4 and CYP2C9 enzymes, however in vitro evidence suggests that green tea may bind to and reduce the effectiveness of bortezomib. Green tea applied topically may improve the healing time of radiation burns. Conclusions: Although some evidence suggests that chemopreventative benefits can be accrued from green tea, there is currently insufficient evidence to support green tea as a treatment or preventative agent for lung cancer. Green tea should not be used by patients on bortezomib therapy. Further research is warranted to explore this natural agent for lung cancer treatment and prevention.
Locosim: an Open-Source Cross-Platform Robotics Framework

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The architecture of a robotics software framework tremendously influences the effort and time it takes for end users to test new concepts in a simulation environment and to control real hardware. Many years of activity in the field allowed us to sort out crucial requirements for a framework tailored for robotics: modularity and extensibility, source code reusability, feature richness, and user-friendliness. We implemented these requirements and collected best practices in Locosim, a cross-platform framework for simulation and real hardware. In this paper, we describe the architecture of Locosim and illustrate some use cases that show its potential.
ANALYSIS KEJADIAN FRAUD PADA SEBUAH FINTECH

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Fraud detection in technology-based financial services (Fintech) is one of the main challenges in the digital era. This research aims to develop a productive fraud detection system using data analytics and machine learning techniques. This project utilizes Python for algorithm implementation, accompanied by process visualization through flowcharts and analysis of related datasets. The resulting system is expected to be able to improve accuracy in detecting suspicious activities.
Studies on psychotropic agents. V. Synthesis of 1-substituted spiro[dibenz[b,f]oxepin-11,4'-piperidine]-10(11H)-one and related compounds.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Tricyclic compounds (12, 17 and 20) combined with a spiro-system at the 4 position of 1-substituted piperidine were synthesized for pharmacological testing. They could be prepared by a sequence of reactions involving the Pinacol rearrangement of 9-(1-ethoxy-carbonyl-4-piperidinyl) fluorene-9, 4'-diol (9) or the cyclization of 1-benzyl-4-(o-substituted phenyl)-4-carboxy (or cyano) piperidine (15a and 16). 9-(1-Methyl-1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydro-4-pyridinyl) xanthene (or -anthracene) (21 and 26) and 3-methyl-2, 3, 4, 5-tetrahydro-1H-phenanthro [9, 10-d] azepine (27) were also prepared by the Wagner-Meerwein rearrangement of α hydroxy spiro compounds (19b, 19d, and 11, respectively). Among the compounds synthesized, 1-methyl-1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7-hexahydrospiro [[4H] azepine-4, 9'-fluorene]-5-ol (8) showed marked anti-convulsant activity.
Energy Levels of Water in a Community of Plants as Influenced by Soil Moisture

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Free energy levels of plant water were measured during July and August in two communities of annual plants. One set of plants was irrigated, while the other grew on a silt loam soil that became increasingly drier. The different species of plants had widely varying levels of water potential on both the moist and dry soils. The more drought—tolerant plants on the dry soil had the lowest afternoon plant water potentials even though they had the most vigorous root systems (lamb's quarter, kochia, sugar beets, and sunflower). Some of the more drought—tolerant plants also had low water free energies when growing on moist soil. Most of the plants growing in the dry sea gained enough water during the night to raise their water potentials above that of the soil surrounding the bulk of their roots.
Peer Review #1 of "Squirrel monkey responses to information from social demonstration and individual exploration using touchscreen and object choice tasks (v0.1)"

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

We aimed to study whether a non-human primate species responded differently to information acquired socially compared with that acquired individually.To do so, we attempted to train squirrel monkeys to perform binary discriminations.These involved exposure to either social information (human or puppet demonstrator performs an initial "information trial") or individual exploration (monkey performs information trial as well as subsequent test trials).In Experiment 1 we presented the task on a touchscreen tablet.Only one monkey appeared to learn the significance of the information trial, and across the group there was no improvement in performance over sessions.The proficient individual showed little evidence of successful transfer to three-way discrimination problems, suggesting limited representation of the task structure.In Experiment 2 we used a logically identical task, presented as a physical object choice (inverted cups concealing a food reward).No monkeys learned to use the information trial cues, and success again did not increase over sessions.We concluded that the monkeys' poor performance in Experiment 1 was not attributable to the mode of presentation (touchscreen), but reflected real difficulties with mastering the task structure.For both experiments, we analysed the monkeys' spontaneous responses to the different trial types (social-win, social-lose, individual-win, and individual-lose).We found that monkeys had a tendency to repeat selections made during the information trial, whether these were made by themselves or by a demonstrator.This tendency to repeat was observed even following lose trials (i.e. when incorrect).Apparent "success" following win trials was probably largely an artefact of behavioural inertia (individual learning conditions) and stimulus enhancement (social learning conditions), rather than sensitivity to the reward cues associated with that stimulus.Although monkeys did respond somewhat differently (more repeats) following win trials, compared with lose trials, this was no more apparent in the object choice task than the touchscreen task, again suggesting that the less ecologically valid presentation medium did not actively disrupt potential for learning the discrimination rule.Both
Clinical assessment for posttraumatic stress disorder

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is an increasingly fashionable diagnosis used to describe an individual who experiences psychological problems following his/her involvement in a traumatic event. However, PTSD can prove difficult to assess accurately owing to the unique problems of co-morbidity with other psychological disorders or the late onset of symptoms. Paradoxically, PTSD may be misdiagnosed by a healthcare professional which may result in inappropriate therapeutic intervention. This article introduces a simple five-stage assessment that is designed to help the clinician determine whether the client's distress is caused by PTSD or another disorder. These guidelines are structured and explore the five stages of PTSD assessment: collecting background information; initial contact with the client; correctly identifying the problem; general assessment; and summary. Finally, some recommended structured clinical assessment guidelines and psychometric rating scales are outlined.
2-Bromo-5-methoxybenzohydrazide

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

In the title compound, C 8 H 9 BrN 2 O 2 , the amide bond is in a cis configuation. The N—N—C=O group is planar [torsion angle 0.6 (6)°] and forms a dihedral angle of 46.4 (2)° with the aromatic ring. The crystal packing is stabilized by two strong and one rather weak N—H...O hydrogen bonds.
Peno-Scrotal Avulsion Injuries: 20 Years Experience At A Tertiary Care Hospital In Punjab, India.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Penoscrotal avulsion injuries unless associated with the other injuries, is rarely life threatening.However it can put enormous physical, sexual and psychological difficulty to the victims 1 .The study was conducted at Christian Medical College, Ludhiana over a 20 year period from 1991 to 2010.Twenty eight patients with peno-scrotal avulsion injury, were enrolled in the study.Based on our experience in managing these patients we propose a classification for "Penoscrotal Avulsion" injuries.This classification, in future, might also be helpful in developing protocols for management of these injuries.
Correlation Study of Aortic Velocity Propagation, Abdominal Aortic Intima-Media Thickness, and Epicardial Adipose Tissue Thickness in Subclinical Hypothyroidism Patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: To explore the correlation between epicardial fat thickness (EFT), aortic velocity propagation (AVP), and abdominal aortic intima-media thickness (AA-IMT) in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism (SH). Additionally, to compare these indicators between SH patients and healthy individuals, providing a new theoretical basis for the clinical prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Method: Clinical data from 50 SH patients (23 males and 27 females) and 50 healthy outpatient examinees (22 males and 28 females) were analyzed. The participants were selected from January 2022 to December 2023 at Loudi Central Hospital. EFT, AVP, and AA-IMT were measured, and their correlations were analyzed. Results: SH patients had significantly higher EFT and AA-IMT levels than the control group, while their AVP was significantly lower, with these differences being statistically significant (P < 0.05). Correlation analysis revealed a significant negative correlation between EFT and AVP (P < 0.001), a significant positive correlation between EFT and AAO-IMT (P < 0.001), and a significant negative correlation between AVP and AAO-IMT (P < 0.001). Multivariate binary logistic regression analysis identified increased EFT, decreased AVP, and increased AAO-IMT as independent risk factors for SH patients. Conclusion: In SH patients, EFT and AAO-IMT are elevated, whereas AVP is reduced. EFT and AVP are significantly correlated with AAO-IMT. EFT and AAO-IMT can serve as reliable indicators for evaluating subclinical atherosclerosis in SH patients, providing a diagnostic basis for clinical practice.
Survival Analysis of 272 Patients With Pancreatic Cancer Undergoing Combined Treatment

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: In China, traditional Chinese herbal medicine (TCHM) has been widely used for pancreatic cancer. This retrospective, matched case-control study aimed to assess factors affecting the survival time of patients with pancreatic cancer. Methods: From 2004 to 2012, a total of 411 patients with pathologically confirmed pancreatic cancer were enrolled, and 272 patients were matched and divided into TCHM and non-TCHM groups (control group) based on received TCHM or not. The match was according to gender, age of onset, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Both groups received comprehensive treatments, the TCHM group simultaneously received the TCHM spleen-invigorating compound for more than 3 months. The Cox model was used for prognostic factor analysis and the Kaplan-Meier method for estimating median overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). Results: In 130 patients with advanced pancreatic cancer, COX analysis showed the Karnofsky Performance Scale (KPS; P = .000), radiotherapy ( P = .003), and TCHM ( P = .001) were independent prognostic factors for OS, with median OS of 12.7 and 9.9 months in TCHM and non-TCHM groups, respectively (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.520; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.353-0.766; P = .033). In 142 patients undergoing radical surgery, KPS ( P = .000) and TCHM ( P = .000) were independent prognostic factors for OS and DFS, median OS was 23.8 and 12.4 months in TCHM and non-TCHM groups, respectively (HR = 0.373; 95% CI = 0.251-0.554; P = .000), and the median DFS was 21.5 and 10.2 months in TCHM and non-TCHM groups, respectively (HR = 0.352; 95% CI = 0.237-0.522; P = .000). Conclusions: KPS was an important prognostic factor of pancreatic cancer. Spleen-invigorating compounds could have an effect on improving the prognosis of pancreatic cancer patients
Theoretical Evaluation of the Effect of Surfaces Processed with Abrasive Water Jet on Fatigue Life

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Surface roughness is an effective factor in determining the fatigue life of machine elements.Roughness of the surface results in the notch effect, and if the notch effect increases, the fatigue life of the material is shortened.20 mm thick steel AISI 1050 (CK45, DIN 1.0540, EN C50) was cut into 80x80 mm squares by applying the abrasive water jet machining technique.The square cutting operations were carried out at five different feed rates (10, 16, 24, 34 and 45 mm/min) and the other cutting parameters were kept constant.The Rz and Sm surface roughness values of the four surfaces obtained at each feed rate were measured.The effect of the feed rates on the surface roughness was investigated.Also, by applying the Murakami surface roughness fatigue model, the effects on the theoretical fatigue life of the surface roughness resulting from the chosen feed rates were modelled.Furthermore, the reason for the difference in surface roughness values between the first, the second, the third and the fourth surface at each feed rate was investigated.As a result, an increase in the feed rate causes an increase in surface roughness values, which in turn shortens the fatigue life of the material.The surface roughness value measured on the first surface of the four cutting surfaces obtained at the same feed rate increases on each surface and reaches the highest value on the fourth surface.
Agglutination of Bordetella species by lectins

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Phase I cells of Bordetella pertussis but not those of B. parapertussis, B. bronchiseptica or B. avium were agglutinated by Limulus polyphemus lectin. Most strains of B. pertussis but not those of the other species were also agglutinated by Helix pomatia lectin. In precipitation reactions between lectins and purified Bordetella lipopolysaccharide (LPS) preparations a similar pattern occurred. Lectin agglutination provides a rapid presumptive method for the differentiation of B. pertussis from B. parapertussis and other Bordetella species.
Performance and component frontal areas of a hypothetical two-spool turbojet engine for three modes of operation

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Engine performance is better for constant outer-spool mechanical-speed operation than for constant inner-spool mechanical-speed operation over most of the flight range considered. Combustor and afterburner frontal areas are about the same for the two modes. Engine performance for a mode characterized by a constant outer-spool equivalent speed over part of the flight range and a constant outer-spool mechanical speed over the rest of the flight range is better that that for constant outer-spool mechanical speed operation. The former mode requires larger outer-spool centrifugal stresses and larger component frontal areas.