jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Course knowledge and feedback notification

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The project is to design and build an active knowledge base to serve as a learning platform for students. Face to face communication to clear doubts are far lesser these days due to growing interest in ease of communication via emails or phones. In this report, a proof of concept system has been developed. The software, Dynamic Knowledge Sharing system purpose is to provide an additional knowledge base to improve the quality of learning for students. Using the statistics on the questions that students commonly face, it is also possible to find out what the topics students are usually have difficulties in. This will help lecturers to revise on the topics and improve quality of teaching. The aim is to create a software knowledge bank that will serve as an additional learning platform for the students. And providing the flexibility to disseminate new knowledge to students who have registered their interest in related course topics to be notified of future questions. The system will be built as a web-based info system whereby students can view stored information as a platform for learning.
Design of H∞ Robust Controller With Load-Current Feedforward for Dual-Active-Bridge DC–DC Converters Considering Parameters Uncertainty

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper proposes the design of $\text{H}\infty $ robust controller with load-current feedforward for dual-active-bridge (DAB) dc-dc converters used in battery energy storage systems, aiming to ensure the dynamic response considering parameters uncertainty that the input voltage varies in a large range and the load is uncertain. Firstly, according to the state-space representation based on dual-phase-shift (DPS) control, a polytopic model of the DAB converter with two uncertain elements is established by convex optimization theory. Based on this model, linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) are then used to design the $\text{H}\infty $ robust controller conveniently to minimize the influence of parameters uncertainty disturbance on the output voltage. At the same time, a regional closed-loop pole configuration technique is used to guarantee the dynamic response of the system under a wide range of operating conditions. Furthermore, an improved load-current feedforward control with lookup tables for phase-shift compensation is adopted to further enhance the dynamic response. Finally, an OPAL-RT hardware-in-loop platform with Texas Instruments TMS320F28377D microcontroller is used to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed $\text{H}\infty $ robust controller.
Pregnancy Enables Expansion of Disease-Specific Regulatory T Cells in an Animal Model of Multiple Sclerosis

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract Disease activity of autoimmune disorders such as multiple sclerosis and its mouse model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is temporarily suppressed by pregnancy. However, whether disease amelioration is due to nonspecific immunomodulation or mediated by Ag-specific regulation of disease-causing conventional T cells (Tcon) and immunosuppressive regulatory T cells (Tregs) remains elusive. In the current study, we systematically analyzed changes of the TCRβ repertoire driven by EAE and pregnancy using TCR sequencing. We demonstrate that EAE, but not pregnancy, robustly increased TCR repertoire clonality in both peripheral Tcon and Treg. Notably, pregnancy was required for the expansion of Treg harboring the dominant EAE-associated TRBV13-2 chain and increased the frequency of EAE-associated clonotypes within the Treg compartment. Our findings indicate that pregnancy supports the expansion of Treg clonotypes that are equipped to recognize EAE-associated Ags. These Treg are thereby particularly suited to control corresponding encephalitogenic Tcon responses and likely contribute to pregnancy-associated protection in autoimmunity.
Formation of Three-Dimensional Structures in the Hemisphere-Cylinder

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents an investigation of the origin and evolution of the complex flow pattern on a hemisphere-cylinder at separated flow conditions. Three-dimensional numerical simulations have been performed for a range of Reynolds numbers and angles of attack. A critical point theory has been used to analyze the flowfields. This has yielded, for the first time for this geometry, a bifurcation diagram that classifies the different flow topology regimes as a function of the Reynolds number and angle of attack. A complete characterization of the origin and evolution of the complex structural patterns of this geometry is documented. For the higher Reynolds number and angle of attack, a structurally stable topology is found that is associated with the pattern of the horn vortices, usually found on this geometry in a range from low to high Reynolds numbers and from incompressible to compressible regimes. Surface critical points and surface and volume streamlines describe the main flow structures and their strong dependence with the flow conditions.
Review of: "The Correlation between Poverty and Crime in Pakistan"

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

1.An aim and then a theme to propose a direction for the work.2. Sound methodology abiding by NDA, principals, and ethics.Even sample size evaluations should be included.3. Results must adhere to protocols adopted and, importantly, be backed by valid statistics.4. The findings should be discussed in a coherent and cohesive manner in the sense that literature
On Confidence Intervals for Process Capability Indices in a One-Way Random Model

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract In this article, we investigated the bootstrap calibrated generalized confidence limits for process capability indices C pk for the one-way random effect model. Also, we derived Bissell's approximation formula for the lower confidence limit using Satterthwaite's method and calculated its coverage probabilities and expected values. Then we compared it with standard bootstrap (SB) method and generalized confidence interval method. The simulation results indicate that the confidence limit obtained offers satisfactory coverage probabilities. The proposed method is illustrated with the help of simulation studies and data sets. Keywords: Bissell's formulaBootstrap calibrationGeneralized confidence intervalOne-way random effect modelProcess capability indexSatterthwaite's methodMathematics Subject Classification: Primary 62P30Secondary 62F25, 62F40 Acknowledgment The authors are grateful to the referees and the Editor for their comments and suggestions which helped in improving this paper. The second author acknowledges that financial assistance from the University Grants Commission of India for supporting this research under the Teacher Fellowship Scheme.
Eye-related photophobia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This article provides an overview of the various eye-related causes of photophobia and the likely mechanisms responsible. Photophobia is an experience of discomfort affecting the eyes due to exposure to light. It has a variety of causes including the result of eye or brain disease, or it can be a side effect of various drugs or laser surgery. Photophobia can also be a symptom of a more serious disorder such as meningitis and therefore, requires appropriate investigation, diagnosis, and treatment. Trauma or disease affecting several structures of the eye are a common cause of photophobia and can be associated with: (1) the ocular adnexia, such as blepharitis and blepharospasm, (2) the cornea, including abrasion, ulcerative keratitis, and corneal dystrophy, (3) problems in eye development, such as aniridia, buphthalmos, coloboma, and aphakia, (4) various eye inflammations, including uveitis, and (5) retinal disorders, such as achromatopsia, retinal detachment, and retinal dystrophy. There may be two main explanations for eye-related photophobia: (1) direct stimulation of the trigeminal nerve due to damage, disease, or excessive light entering the eye and (2) overstimulation of the retina including a specific population of light-sensitive ganglion cells.
Motion Picture Restoration

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

historians, and a large segment of general ARCHIVISTS, public would count it a catastrophe of immeasurable proportions if a collection containing, for example, all books and manuscripts of a major field of human knowledge from 1900 to present was destroyed by fire. Today, at this moment, record of a whole field of human effort is on fire; yet so few people are concerned that remains are likely to crumble to a foul-smelling brown dust before holocaust can be made public, let alone put out or even controlled. The fact is that nitrate-based motion picture films theatrical, newsreel, documentary, historical, and educational are burning as surely as, though more slowly than, fire that destroyed great library at Alexandria in third century A.D. The photographic record of human events and human creativity spans less than 150 years of man's history, and motion picture documents less than 80. The archival value of such photographic records, however, is in unique dimension they have added to our understanding of nature of world about us and way course of human life has been affected by these media from esthetic to evidential. Without photography, much of today's world would be out of mind as well as out of sight. Without cinema we would not have what is coming to be described as the language of our time. The basic problem in preservation of motion picture materials is that from 1888 to 1951 all 35mm. film was made with a cellulose nitrate base, which is highly flammable and under some circumstances highly explosive, and which, in a state of combustion, is productive of gases that combine with moisture of air to produce highly toxic nitric acid.1 Sixteen-millimeter films and (since 195 1 ) all 35mm., 70mm., and magnetic films and tapes are on a triacetate, so-called safety base. Fire and explosion are no longer hazards they used to be, although acetate will burn slowly, shrink, dry out, curl, or succumb to action of oxidizing or acidic gases, dirt, wear, fungus, water, and even insects. The proper development, fixing, and washing of photo-
Preparation and dissolution of solid dispersion of Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis extracts

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Objective To prepare Wurenchun solid dispersion of alcohol extracts of Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis so as to improve the dissolution of its active compound in vitro.Methods The Wurenchun solid dispersions were prepared with various carriers and drug/carrier ratios by mixing the carrier in alcohol extractive solution of FSC directly,and the apparent solubility and dissolution of deoxyschisandrin in them were tested and compared.Results The apparent solubility and dissolution of deoxyschisandrin of Wurenchun solid dispersion(extracts: polyvinylpyrrolidone(PVP) K30=1∶3) were increased remarkably to 5.06 μg/mL and 43.2% in water individually,including dispersed and dissolved drug whose particle size is below 0.22 μm,compared with that of the self-prepared Wurenchun capsules.Conclusion Wurenchun solid dispersion made of PVP K30 can remarkably enhance apparent solubility and dissolution of the active compound in vitro.
Trajectory-Based Classification of Recovery in Sensorimotor Complete Traumatic Cervical Spinal Cord Injury

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Cervical complete SCI can be classified into one of 3 distinct subpopulations with fundamentally different trajectories of neurologic recovery. This study defines unique clinical phenotypes based on potential for recovery, rather than baseline severity of injury alone. This approach may prove beneficial in clinical prognostication and in the design and interpretation of clinical trials in SCI.
Sensor Technology Integration and Intelligent Decision Making in an Industrial Prototype for Herring Roe Grading

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The automated grading of non-uniform products, such as fruit, cuts of meat, and other discrepant goods is an ongoing problem. In some areas technical advances in have permitted the on-line, single-criteria sorting of millions of items per minute. However, for many non-uniform products, especially those for which a multi-factor decision about overall quality is required, grading is still done substantially by hand. Herein, we describe the development and integration of sensor technology for Herring Roe Grading. Size, shape, firmness/texture and weight all play key roles in determining the grade of each roe skein. These variables are subjective both in the way they are determined by humans, and in the way they affect the grade of a skein. Thus, an “intelligent” decision-making system was used to determine the final grade of the product. The system uses a fuzzy-logic knowledge base developed through acquisition of knowledge from grading experts and off-line experiments.
Speaking of Textbooks: Putting Pressure on the Publishers

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

IN A SERIES of articles published in the New Yorker last spring, Frances FitzGerald raised serious questions about the quality of the American history textbooks used in the schools. These articles, which were subsequently reprinted as America Revised (Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1979), examined how history textbooks get published and the implications of the process for what students learn about the United States. FitzGerald left little doubt in anyone's mind that the truth about American history which students learn from textbooks is shaped by many other considerations than what scholars have found out about the past. While ostensibly an educational and intellectual undertaking, publishing a textbook is in reality a commercial venture and an exercise in interest-group politics. Pressures from private interest groups, from state adoption committees, from the publishers' marketing departments, as well as the weight of tradition heavily influence the content of history textbooks. They are written ... to tell children
Linkage of Gene for C2 Deficiency and theMajor Histocompatibility Complex MHC in ManFamily Study of a Further Case

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Close linkage between HL-A and C2 deficiency was first reported by Fu and co-workers in 1974. We present here a pedigree of a 31-year-old C2-deficient individual with clinical manifestations of Hodgkins disease. The following markers were tested: C2 levels, factor B polymorphism, blood groups, and enzyme typing. In addition to close linkage between HL-A and C2 deficiency, both parents were heterozygous for Bf (HL-A linked, electrophoretic variation of B). The two HL-A haplotypes closely linked to C2 deficiency are different: 2,W18 and W24,W18. They share, however, the SD2 antigen W18 and the LD type 7a.
Dynamic Logic for Data-aware Systems: Decidability Results

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We introduce a ﬁrst-order extension of dynamic logic (FO-DL), suitable to represent and reason about the behaviour of Data-aware Systems (DaS), which are systems whose data content is explicitly exhibited in their description. We illustrate the ex-pressivity of the formal framework by modelling English auctions as DaS and by specifying rele-vant properties in FO-DL. Most importantly, we de-velop an abstraction-based veriﬁcation procedure, thus proving that the model checking problem for DaS against FO-DL is decidable, provided some mild assumptions on the interpretation domain.
[False aneurysms of lower extremity arteries: noninvasive preop diagnosis with magnetic resonance angiography and Doppler ultrasonography].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to work out a diagnostic algorithm to be used in patients surgically treated because of a false aneurysm of arteries supplying the lower limb. The study includes preoperative vessel evaluation as well as treatment results assessment with MRA and US methods. Examinations included until now 16 patients with clinical false aneurysm suspicion. Most cases presented false aneurysms being complications after arterial graft implantation, in two patients, who were not previously operated, diagnosed false aneurysms were the result of injury. We performed 23 examinations (7 of which were postoperative treatment result evaluation examinations). Examinations were performed on MR equipment with a 1.5 T field induction. The 2D TOF with traveling presaturation method was used. Primary data and reconstructed (MIP) angiograms were analyzed by a radiologist having no access to clinical information and previous examination results. Ultrasound duplex doppler examinations were performed with 7 MHz linear probe. The MRA examinations visualized 7 false aneurysms of the lower Y-graft junction. Clinical verification, ultrasonography examinations and surgery confirmed the existence of 6 aneurysms of the Y-graft as well as 5 out of 6 diagnosed in the ileofemoral graft junctions area. The post-traumatic aorta aneurysm and the postarteriographic femoral aneurysm were also confirmed. Two false positive MRA diagnoses were due to dilatation of the artery below the graft junction, in one case it was a dilatation of the vessel below a stenosis. Furthermore, the MRA helped diagnosing stenoses and occlusions in femoral arteries and common iliac artery.
Progress in effect of transforming growth factor-β on tumor growth and tumor metastasis and development of its inhibitors

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Transforming growth factor-β( TGF-β) is a protein that can regulate proliferation,differentiation and perform other functions in numerous cells. TGF-β plays a crucial role in the development of tumor of tumor cells. In normal tissue and at the early stage of the tumorigenesis,TGF-β inhibits proliferation and promotes apoptosis of cells. At the late stage of tumor,TGF-β shows the converse function of tumor cells. TGF-β promotes the tumor progression by inducing tumor cell epithelial mesenchymal transition,increasing tumor angiogenesis and suppressing immune system. Due to the wide variety of effects of TGF-β on tumorigenesis,blockade of TGF-β and its signaling pathway might be an effective way for oncotherapy. There are many drugs targeting TGF-β at the pre-clinical and clinical stages. This review mainly introduces three classes TGF-β inhibitors including antisense oligonucleotides,antibodies that target TGF-β signaling pathway and TGF-β receptor kinases. As a result of opposite effect of TGF-β at the early stage and late stage of tumorigenesis,it is extremely crucial to select patient for TGF-β inhibitors in oncology. Specific biomarkers and bioinformatics may contribute much to patient selection. This paper reviewed the TGF-β signaling pathway,the effect of TGF-β on tumor progression and TGF-β inhibitors.
Research on personalized recommendation algorithm combined with time factor

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The traditional collaborative filtering algorithm is widely used in the field of recommendation. This method recommends items to users based on what items other similar users have chosen, aiming to recommend the top N items that users most likely favorite. However, it often provides unsatisfactory results, because it ignores some contextual information such as social tagging and time changing. Tags are some keywords to annotate or categorize items. Incorporating contextual information in recommender systems can improve accuracy of recommendation and enhance the overall experience of users. For improving the current collaborative filtering algorithms, we propose an algorithm based on tensor factorization and combined with time change. This algorithm uses three typical entities, i.e., users, items and tags, to build recommendation model, it is presented as a three-dimensional tensor. The latent relation is performed by Higher Order Singular Value Decomposition (HOSVD) algorithm. Besides, the algorithm considers the change of user interests over time. We highlight the importance of users' recent data followed the Ebbinghaus memory curve, calculate data weight according its time. Then, the weight value is brought into the three-order tensor model. Finally, the algorithm makes the recommendation of items to users. Experimental results show that this approach has improvements compare to collaborative filtering algorithm and HOSVD algorithm in F1-Measure with two real world datasets.
Testing of Skin Disinfectants

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

CORTISONE AND SKIN SENSITIVITY TO TUBERCULIN Im uRNL of cortisone daily by intramuscular injection.In eight of these skin sensitivity to tuberculin was detected at intervals ranging from 6 to 17 days after the first injec- tion of cortisone; in six the reaction produced by tuber- culin during the period of sensitivity persisted, with induration, up to 48 hours, and in two it consisted of erythema, evident at 24 hours but fading at 48 hours.In those patients tested repeatedly this sensitivity was transient, even though the cortisone was continued.In -nine patients normally not reacting to at least 100 T.U., intradermal injection of 1.25 mg.cortisone with a dose of tuberculin equal to the greatest to which the patient had previously failed to respond produced a reaction with induration and erythema persisting at least 48 hours in seven, and no response in two.In three patients normally sensitive to 100 T.U. or less, similar local administration of cortisone with tuber- culin inhibited the reaction produced by tuberculin alone.We are grateful to the house-physicians at Brompton Hospital and Hammersmith Hospital for their co-operation in these obser- vations.Part of the cortisone used was supplied by the Medical Research Council.
Valuation of Nansihu Lake Wetland Ecosystem Services Based on Multi-Sources Data Fusion

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Wetlands are one of the three great ecological systems on earth. With a deepening of research on wetland ecosystems, researchers have paid more and more attention on wetland comprehensive eco-environmental and productive services in terms of flood mitigation, climate control, pollution prevention, soil-erosion reduction, environment beautification, biodiversity maintenance, and bio-productivity protection. Here, we focus on the Nasihu wetland ecological system and estimate the value of ecosystem services such as material production, atmosphere regulation, water retention ability, flood control, recreation service, culture and scientific research, nutrient cycling and wild species habitat based on landscape data through interpreting high-definition images and NPP data processed by MODIS. We adopted the market value method, carbon tax and afforestation cost method, shadow engineering method, cost method, substitution expense, expert method and other methods. Results show that the total value of the ecosystem services of the wetland was 13.1billion CNY every year. Among these services, regulating function had the maximal va1ue of 5.677 billion CNY per year, followed by support function and cultural function(5.277 billion CNY and 1.507 billion CNY per year respectively). The supply function had the lowest value of 0.639 billion CNY per year. Although the area of artificial wetland was at one time more than that of natural wetland, the ecological service value of the artificial accounts for more than 59% of the total wetland. When considering the wetland for economic development, other functions must be considered in addition to material production to arrive at a longer-term economic value.
[Electroacupuncture improves learning and memory impairment and enhances hippocampal synaptic plasticity through BDNF/TRKB/CREB signaling pathway in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury rats].

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

EA can alleviate cognitive impairment in IR rats, which may be related to its function in up-regulating the proteins of BDNF/TRKB/CREB pathway, promoting the expressions of synaptic plasticity marker proteins PSD-95 and SYN, thus improving the synaptic plasticity.