jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Tempered linear and non-linear time series models and their application to heavy-tailed solar flare data

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we introduce two tempered linear and non-linear time series models, namely, an autoregressive tempered fractionally integrated moving average (ARTFIMA) with α-stable noise and ARTFIMA with generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (GARCH) noise (ARTFIMA-GARCH). We provide estimation procedures for the processes and explain the connection between ARTFIMA and their tempered continuous-time counterparts. Next, we demonstrate an application of the processes to modeling of heavy-tailed data from solar flare soft x-ray emissions. To this end, we study the solar flare data during a period of solar minimum, which occurred most recently in July, August, and September 2017. We use a two-state hidden Markov model to classify the data into two states (lower and higher activity) and to extract stationary trajectories. We do an end-to-end analysis and modeling of the solar flare data using both ARTFIMA and ARTFIMA-GARCH models and their non-tempered counterparts. We show through visual inspection and statistical tests that the ARTFIMA and ARTFIMA-GARCH models describe the data better than the ARFIMA and ARFIMA-GARCH, especially in the second state, which justifies that tempered processes can serve as the state-of-the-art approach to model signals originating from a power-law source with long memory effects.
Mechanical properties of composite sandwich structure

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

This report presents a numerical analysis of three-dimensional mechanical properties of metallic honeycomb sandwich structure and gives details of (1) comparison of the numerical results and theoretical resdts for a single honeycomb core; (2) comparison of mechanical properties of a single honeycomb core with face skins between three directions and (3) comparison of the FE results between real models (single honeycomb core with face skins or multiple honeycomb core with face skins) and the equivalent model. All analyses are carried out for static loading in the linear-elastic model.
A Program for Simultaneous Network Signal Timing Optimization and Traffic Assignment

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study formulates a program for simultaneous traffic signal optimization and system optimal traffic assignment for urban transportation networks with added degree of realism. The formulation presents a new objective function, i.e., weighted trip maximization, and explicit constraints that are specifically designed to address oversaturated conditions. This formulation improves system-wise performance while locally prevents queue spillovers, de-facto reds, and gridlocks. A meta-heuristic algorithm is developed that incorporates microscopic traffic flow models and system optimal traffic assignment in genetic algorithms. This solution technique efficiently optimizes signal timing parameters, at the same time solves system optimal traffic assignment, and accounts for oversaturated conditions and different driver's behaviors. This study also proposes a framework to calculate an upper bound on the value of the objective function by solving the problem while several constraints (i.e., network loading and traffic assignment) are relaxed. An empirical case study for a portion of downtown Springfield, Illinois has been conducted under four demand patterns. Findings indicate that our solution approach can solve the problem effectively. Several managerial insights have also been drawn.
Linezolid in the Starter Combination for Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis: Time to Move on to Group Four?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Linezolid (LNZ), a group 5 antituberculous drug (unclear efficacy), was used in the starter regimens of 23 adults with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. The LNZ-containing regimens were effective in achieving culture conversions and relapse-free outcomes. The most frequent LNZ-related side effect was neuropathy. We propose that LNZ should be reclassified among bactericidal second-line drugs.
Is It Possible to Raise National Happiness?

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

We revisit the famous Easterlin paradox by considering that life evaluation scales refer to a changing context, hence they are regularly reinterpreted. We propose a simple model of rescaling based on both retrospective and current life evaluations, and apply it to unexploited archival data from the USA. When correcting for rescaling, we find that the well-being of Americans has substantially increased, on par with GDP, health, education, and liberal democracy, from the 1950s to the early 2000s. Using several datasets, we shed light on other happiness puzzles, including the apparent stability of life evaluations during COVID-19, why Ukrainians report similar levels of life satisfaction today as before the war, and the absence of parental happiness.
After Darwin

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract In the second half of the nineteenth century, many people lost their faith in the Christian God. Nevertheless, they were eager to show that this move towards a secular world picture did not mean the end of morality and that it could continue as much before. In a Darwinian age this was not possible and the Christian cherishing of the virtue of meekness was replaced by a moral respect for vigor and effort directed both towards self-realization and to the well-being of society. We compare the British moves to those promoted by the German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche. There are significant similarities but also differences that reflect the British industrialized notion of progress versus the German idealistic notion of progress.
Audit of wide bore needle biopsies graded B3: does the final pathology justify the increasing rate of benign biopsy?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

annual age-adjusted breast cancer death rates for women in the United States remained remarkably constant, oscillating around 32 deaths per 100,000 over 60 years.During this long timeframe, the surgical treatment of breast cancer evolved from radical mastectomy with mandatory lymph node dissection to lumpectomy coupled with radiation therapy.With this new paradigm, lymph node dissection was reserved for women with tumor-invaded axillary lymph nodes.Beginning in the 1970s, chemotherapy after surgery (adjuvant) and before surgery (neoadjuvant) was added to surgical treatment.The radical diminution in the scope of breast surgery did not alter the national breast cancer death rate.Doing less surgery was neither harmful nor beneficial to long-term survival from breast cancer.In the 1980s two events changed this static picture: the addition of tamoxifen to adjuvant and neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and the introduction of mammography.Beginning in 1990 annual breast cancer death rates in the United States began to fall, and have continued to fall each year since then.In 2001, the last year of published statistics, the breast cancer death rate was 26 deaths per 100,000.Best estimates for where to credit this dramatic drop in death rate place approximately 50% of the credit with improved adjuvant chemotherapy and 50% with mammography.Abnormal mammograms demand a breast biopsy since only one in five abnormal mammograms is actually a breast cancer.Consequently, widespread adoption of mammography has produced an image-guided breast biopsy industry in the United States.Open, surgical breast biopsy has been replaced with image-guided breast biopsy because improved breast biopsy tools have made image-guided breast biopsy equivalent in accuracy to open, surgical breast biopsy.These tools, in turn, have changed the professional lives of surgeons, pathologists, and mammographers, leading to the development of dedicated breast surgeons, breast pathologists, and interventional breast radiologists. Evaluation of digital mammography: update on the UK position
The Prevalence of Food Allergies in Children Referred to a Multidisciplinary Feeding Program

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective. To assess the prevalence of food allergy in children presenting to a multidisciplinary feeding program. Methods. A retrospective chart review was conducted from 302 patients. We recorded history of food reaction, family history of any atopic disease, radioallergosorbent testing, prematurity, birth weight, breastfeeding history, Z-scores, age, and gastrointestinal mucosal biopsy reports with eosinophilic infiltrate. Three categories of possible food allergy were stratified based on increasing evidence of allergy. Results. Possible food allergy was found for 18% (n = 54), likely food allergy for 6% (n = 18), and very likely food allergy for 16% (n = 47) for a total of 40% classified in a food allergy group. Having been breastfed correlated with likelihood of food allergy but tube-feeding dependence did not. Conclusion. This study revealed a higher proportion of children in a feeding program with food allergy compared to the general population, but larger prospective studies are needed to confirm the association.
Relationship of intestinal histology with the resistance to Trichostrongylus colubriformis infection in three breeds of sheep

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

The study was carried out to evaluate the relationship of inflammatory intestinal cells with the resistance to Trichostrongylus colubriformis infections in three breeds of sheep (Santa Ines, Suffolk and Ile de France), naturally infected. Mast cells, eosinophils, and globule leucocytes were enumerated in intestinal mucosa. Histamine concentration was estimated in intestinal tissue samples and the length of male and female specimens were determined. The three breeds of sheep showed similar cellular response in the small intestine mucosa (P>0.05). There was extensive variation among sheep in the parasitological and inflammatory cell variables, even in lambs of the same breed. In general, animals presenting less inflammatory cells had a larger worm burden, higher fecal egg counts, and larger T. colubriformis worms. The inflammatory cells possibly impaired the parasite's establishment, development, and survival.
Direct and Indirect Effects of Conditioned Soils and Tissue Extracts of the Invasive Shrub, Lonicera Maackii, on Target Plant Performance

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Lonicera maackii is an invasive Asian shrub naturalized in North America that has negative effects on forest understory vegetation. Aqueous extracts of leaves and roots of this plant have been shown to inhibit germination of several species. In this study, we examined the extent to which field-collected soils conditioned by L. maackii growth, with and without additions of L. maackii extracts, had effects on growth, morphology, and reproduction of Arabidopsis thaliana in a greenhouse setting. We also examined the effects of nutrient addition to the same soils on the performance of A. thaliana, whether plant responses to nutrients varied among L. maackii-conditioned and -unconditioned soils, and whether the effects of L. maackii extracts varied in soils with different histories and fertility. Plants grown in forest soil collected from a site where L. maackii was present grew slower and flowered later than plants grown in an unconditioned soil, but ended up being larger, with more leaves, branches and a higher total seed output. Nutrient addition had a positive effect on performance of A. thaliana, but when nutrients were added with extracts of L. maackii roots and leaves, the positive effects of nutrients were greatly diminished. Inhibiting plant responses to resource opportunities is a potentially important indirect effect of allelochemicals. Where direct effects of extracts on growth were seen, leaf extracts had a greater effect than root extracts. While the most important impacts of L. maackii in the field are undoubtedly due to competition for light and moisture, evidence for allelopathic effects of this plant is growing.
Effectiveness of Global Posture Re-education and McKenzie Technique in Non-Specific Low Back Pain

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Low back pain is a highly prevalent and disabling condition worldwide. Despite plenty of research having been conducted among those with non-specific low back pain, there is still a scarcity of research in the application of McKenzie, especially in the primary medical care phase. Besides, the evidence on the effectiveness of intervention in patients with persistent nonspecific low back pain is conflicting because of the significant risk of bias among studies. Thus, the current study was conducted to examine the effectiveness of global postural re-education and the McKenzie technique in patients with non-specific low back pain. The current experimental study was conducted among 30 patients with persistent non-specific low back pain. Participants were randomly divided into two groups (Group A: Mckenzie and global postural education and Group B: Mckenzie only). At the baseline, pain, lumbar-pelvic flexibility, and disability score were taken using the Visual Analogue Scale, modified finger-to-floor test, and Owstery Disability Index, respectively. The intervention was conducted for three weeks. The results were analysed using the descriptive statistics and paired t-test. All the variables showed a high mean value in the post-test when compared to the pre-test values in both Group A and Group B. However, in comparison between pre and post three weeks intervention, Group A showed a significant difference. In conclusion, the current study suggests that the combination of global postural education and McKenzie is more useful and efficient than McKenzie alone among patients with non-specific low back pain.
HEPATIC INJURY AND HEPATO-ACCUMULATION OF (+) RUGULOSIN IN MICE

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Hepatic injury and hepato-accumulation of (+)rugulosin, an anthraquinoid mycotoxin from Renicillium rugulosum Thom, were investigated in mice. Subcutaneously administered (+) rugulosin to ddYS mice induced an elevation of glutamate-poxaloacetate transaminase in the serum, a depression of mitochondrial function and an accumulation of monoribosomes in the liver. Tracer experiments revealed that the administered toxin preferencially accumulated into the liver, especially into the mitochondrial and microsomal fractions. Lethal toxicity test as well biochemical assay revealed that (+) rugulosin is a slow acting hepatotoxin.
Occurrence Download

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A dataset containing 92533 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query: { "and" : [ "Country is one of (South Africa, Lesotho, Eswatini)", "TaxonKey is one of (Erythropygia leucophrys (Vieillot, 1817))", "BasisOfRecord is one of (Human Observation, Observation)", "HasCoordinate is true", "HasGeospatialIssue is false", "Year is greater than or equal to 1950", "OccurrenceStatus is Present", "DistanceFromCentroidInMeters is greater than or equal to 2000" ] } The dataset includes 92533 records from 9 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0002848-250117142028555/datasets/export for details. Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
Treatment of Induced Acute Selenosis in Rats and Weanling Pigs

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

SUMMARY In a series of tests, the protective effects of thiosulfate, sulfate, and amino acids against selenosis were studied. In experiment 1, rats were injected intraperitoneally with saline solution (control group) or various test substances 1 hour before subcutaneous injection of a 72-hour ld 100 of sodium selenite (4.34 mg of Se/kg of body weight). Mean survival time ( mst ) was 34.7 hours in the control group. The mst was shortened by pretreatment with reduced glutathione (11.9 hours), thioctic acid (20.2 hours), and a mixture of cysteine, methionine, and thiosulfate (24.3 hours). Pretreatment with cysteine and methionine had little effect on mst , but half of the rats pretreated with thiosulfate recovered. A group pretreated with ethyl maleate and given a small dose of Se (0.9 mg of Se/kg of body weight) lived only 2.8 hours, whereas saline-pretreated control rats given the small dose of Se were unaffected. In experiment 2, weanling pigs were injected intraperitoneally with saline solution (control group) or different test substances 1 hour before or 1.5 hours after im injection of a 10-hour LD 100 of sodium selenite (2 mg of Se/kg). The mst was 4.9 hours in the control group. The mst was shortened by pretreatment or therapy with thioctic acid (3.1 and 2.3 hours, respectively), a large dose (10 ml/kg) of protein (fibrin) hydrolysate (2.8 and 3.9 hours, respectively), and therapy with thiosulfate (2.8 hours). The mst was not changed by pretreatment or therapy with sulfate or a small dose (2 ml/kg) of fibrin hydrolysate or by pretreatment with thiosulfate. Seemingly, protective effects of thiosulfate, sulfate, or amino acids against selenosis in rats are not predictive of protective or therapeutic effects against acute selenosis in swine. Parenteral administration of thioctic acid, thiosulfate, or a large dose of fibrin hydrolysate is contraindicated for treatment of acute selenosis in swine.
Resistance of E. coli strains, recovered from chickens to antibiotics with particular reference to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (septrin).

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Thirty-seven strains of E. coli recovered from cases of septicaemia in chicken were tested for sensitivity to 6 antibiotics. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) determinations done on the strains showed resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (septrin) (100%), ampicillin (62.2%), tetracycline (51.4%), kanamycin (13.5%) and gentamicin (2.7%). All were sensitive to chloramphenicol. Conjugation studies showed easy transfer of the resistance factor for septrin to the recipient sensitive strain, K12F-, a 60 megadalton plasmid was transferred in most of the cases (a number of plasmids moved across to K12F- strains). Septrin was chosen as a referral antibiotic because it is used extensively for treating diarrhoeal cases in children in Kenya. The results expressed the possibility of the chicken being the possible source of the septrin resistance gene (plasmid) for humans, and vice versa.
Proteomic analysis of bone marrow‐adherent cells in rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Aim To elucidate the pathophysiology of rheumatoid arthritis ( RA ) as well as osteoarthritis ( OA ), we analyzed protein profiles of bone marrow‐derived adherent cells ( BMAC s) from patients with these diseases. Methods Proteins, extracted from BMAC s from three RA and three OA patients, were comprehensively analyzed by 2‐dimensional differential image gel electrophoresis (2 D ‐ DIGE ). Then a part of the detected proteins, differently expressed between the two diseases, were identified by mass spectrometric analysis. Results 2 D ‐ DIGE analysis detected more than 1600 protein spots in both RA and OA BMAC s. Out of these, expression of 340 spots was significantly altered between the diseases (more than 1.5‐fold: RA > OA , 26 spots; OA > RA , 314 spots; P < 0.05). Eleven protein spots the intensity of which were significantly altered by more than 2.0‐fold were identified, which included vimentin and annexin A 5 as increased proteins in RA rather than in OA . As increased proteins in OA compared to RA , alpha chain of collagen VI , a membrane anchor for acetylcholine esterase, heat shock protein 27, caldesmon and cytoskeletal proteins, such as beta actin and alpha tubulin, were identified. Conclusions We here report different protein profiles of BMAC s between RA and OA for the first time. BMAC s possessing differently expressed proteins may be involved in the pathophysiology of the two diseases.
Hypersingular boundary integral equations for exterior acoustic problems

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

A bounded form of the hypersingular Helmholtz integral equation for 3-D acoustic problems is developed in this paper. All integrals with singular kernels are regularized within each regular surface element, in the sense of Kellogg, with twice continuous differentiability. The standard Gaussian quadrature formula is applied without any special treatment for all the computational points. The collocation points are chosen to be the Gauss–Legendre nodes and no interpolation function is assumed for acoustic variables.
Connections between cooperative control and potential games illustrated on the consensus problem

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents a view of cooperative control using the language of learning in games. We review the game theoretic concepts of potential games and weakly acyclic games and demonstrate how the specific cooperative control problem of consensus can be formulated in these settings. Motivated by this connection, we build upon game theoretic concepts to better accommodate a broader class of cooperative control problems. In particular, we introduce sometimes weakly acyclic games for time-varying objective functions and action sets, and provide distributed algorithms for convergence to an equilibrium. Finally, we illustrate how to implement these algorithms for the consensus problem in a variety of settings, most notably, in an environment with non-convex obstructions.
Genethliacon for Barbara Bogołębska, or on the Need to Celebrate Birthdays and Anniversaries

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The most popular Polish dictionaries of literary terms, which offer the definitions of even long lost and extremely particular genres such as Indian or Japanese drama, lack even the basic information on the genre which has existed in European literature (and even outside it) for the last 23 centuries. Genethliacon is a genre which has existed since the times of Callimachus (3rd c. BC), which has been used to celebrate a person’s birth or the anniversary of their birth. Genethliacons may be of a lyrical, dramatic or rhetorical nature, and are still practised today in various languages of the world (in Latin, in line with the ancient tradition). This article provides an outline of the development of the genre within the European tradition. Initial birthday songs, usually connoting Apollo, linked people with light and poetry. What is particularly interesting is that the basic characteristics of genethliacon’s genes have not undergo any major changes throughout the many ages. The celebration of one’s birth, anniversaries and other jubilees still entails wishes, and gift-giving, including poetry developed for the occasion. It may be worthwhile to preserve such a beautiful tradition by giving someone an originally composed genethliacon, e.g. Genetliacon Barbarae Bogołębskae dedicatum.
Antioxidant Activity of Flavonoid Rich Fraction of Ligaria cuneifolia (Loranthaceae)

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Ligaria cuneifolia (Ruiz & Pav.) Tiegh. (Loranthaceae), the ‘Argentine mistletoe’, is a hemiparasite species largely used in folk medicine. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant activity using in vitro , ex vivo , and in vivo methods. A screening of phenolics was performed by UV spectroscopy on different fractions. The antioxidant capacity was evaluated in vitro by the 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH . ) assay on a crude extract (CE), ethyl acetate fraction (EAF), and aqueous fraction (AF). The results suggest that EAF concentrates the antioxidant capacity and was selected for further analysis. Capillary electrophoresis was employed to monitor the individual antioxidant capacity and the potential contributors to this effect. Ex vivo assays showed an efficient inhibition of tert ‐butyl hydroperoxide‐induced rat liver phospholipid oxidation, as well as rat brain autoxidation, and H 2 O 2 ‐induced DNA damage in blood monocytes. In vivo , the topical application of EAF significantly decreased skin chemiluminescence in a mice model.