jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Learning style as a correlate to course grade for a sample of students enrolled in community college telecourses

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to correlate the learning modes and styles of community college telecourse students with their final course grade. The rationale for examining this correlation was to identify characteristics of academically successful telecourse students. These characteristics could then be examined to differentiate appropriate advising and learning environments for all telecourse students. The participants in this study were 161 students enrolled in summer telecourses at one community college. All students completed a Personal Data Inventory, developed for this study by the researcher to elicit five items of census information, and the Learning Style Inventory (LSI) developed by David A. Kolb (1985). The LSI measures the degree to which an individual displays specific learning modes and styles. The LSI accomplishes this by weighting the relative emphasis a learner places on one of four learning modes: (a) Abstract Conceptualization, (b) Concrete Experience, (c) Active Experimentation, and (d) Reflective Observation. These weighted learning modes scores are used to identify one of four learner preferred styles which are (a) Assimilator, (b) Converger, (c) Accommodator, and (d) Diverger. The Kolb LSI is derived from experiential learning research which postulates that students learn in different ways in different environments. Four hypotheses were developed to examine the influence of each of the four learning modes. They were tested using t-tests for comparison of the means from the subscales of the Kolb LSI. A fifth hypothesis looked at the frequency of learning style occurrence and was tested using a two-by-two chi-square. The level of significance for all hypotheses testing was p $\leq$.05. Final analysis showed that no correlation existed between the four learning modes and academic success. However, indications of a correlation between Concrete Experience and Reflective Observation learning modes and a very high level of academic success was discovered. The study, also, did not show a correlation between learning style and academic success. These results would seem to suggest that the most capable students are academically successful regardless of learning mode and style.
Supplementary Methods from <i>ATM</i> Deficiency Is Associated with Sensitivity to PARP1- and ATR Inhibitors in Lung Adenocarcinoma

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

<p>This file contains a list of additional methods used in this study, e.g. in situ hybridisation, PCR, immunoblotting, apoptotic assay, population doubling, and statistical analysis.</p>
Ethnic economies and social policy

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The basis of ethnic groups' economic status remains among the enduring controversies in both popular and social scientific discussions of inequality. While this debate commonly opposes cultural attributes to structures of opportunity and disadvantage, we point out that various policies—including banking, public employment, business development programs, and refugee resettlement—have also had important impacts on ethnic economies. Because our definition of the ethnic economy includes both the ethnic-owned economy of the self-employed as well as the ethnic-controlled economy, wherein ethnic networks help locate jobs in non-co-ethnic firms or the public sector, we are able to incorporate a wide range of groups and contexts in our analysis. Our results suggest that the economic status of certain ethnic groups in American society reflects the outcome of specific policies that helped or hindered the growth of their ethnic economies. We conclude that policies, such as public employment, which incorporate various ethnic groups, are a more viable means of nurturing ethnic economic growth than selective programs that benefit some groups while excluding others.
Measuring bank competition under binding interest rate regulation: the case of China

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Many empirical studies suggest that financial reform promoted bank competition in most mature and emerging economies. However, some earlier studies that adopted conventional approaches to measure competition have concluded that bank competition in China declined during the past decade, despite progressive reforms implemented since the 1980s. We show that this apparent contradiction is the result of flawed measurement. Conventional indicators such as the Lerner index and Panzar–Rosse H-statistic fail to measure competition in Chinese loan markets properly due to the system of interest rate regulation. By contrast, the profit elasticity (PE) approach does not suffer from these shortcomings. Using balance sheet information for a large sample of banks operating in China during 1996–2008, we show that competition actually increased in the past decade when the PE indicator is used.
Fruit cracking and quality of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) cv. Kandhari as influenced by CPPU and boron

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

An investigation on pre-harvest spray of forchlorfenuron (CPPU) and boron along with some in-situ soil moisture conservation techniques was carried out on seven-year old plants of pomegranate cultivar Kandhari trained as four stems grown under rainfed conditions of Himachal Pradesh. Experimental plants were subjected to 11 treatments, viz., mulching, CBOC (crescent bund with open catchment pits), CPPU at 5 or 10 ppm, H 3 BO 3 at 0.2 or 0.4%, mulching + CPPU at 5 ppm or H 3 BO 3 at 0.2%, CBOC + CPPU at 5 ppm or H 3 BO 3 at 0.2% and control. These treatments were applied in mid-March (in-situ soil moisture conservation) and mid-May (CPPU & boron). Growth parameters like plant height, plant spread, trunk girth and annual shoot growth were observed significantly higher under the treatment CBOC + H 3 BO 3 at 0.2%. However, leaf area and leaf chlorophyll content were recorded significantly higher under the treatment CBOC + CPPU at 5 ppm. Physiological characteristics such as photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate were higher in the plant under crescent bund with open catchment pits. The extent of fruit cracking was reduced to the lowest level (2.8%) from 11.67% in control and highest fruit yield (26.8Kg/plant) was recorded when the plants were given foliar application of CPPU at 5 ppm under CBOC. The least russet formation (1.33 on 10 point scale) occurred in fruits from plants given the treatment of CPPU at 5ppm +CBOC. The maximum fruit length (86.2 cm) and fruit breadth (88.3 cm), fruit weight (419.74 g), aril weight (279.21 g), aril percentage (66.52), juice content (67.93 ml/100 g), ascorbic acid content (16.84 mg/100g) were obtained with the treatment of CPPU at 5ppm +CBOC. The lowest titratable acidity (0.49%), highest TSS (15.210 B) and TSS/acid ratio (31.07) was recorded in fruits from plants under the treatment of H 3 BO 3 at 0.2% with mulching. Total sugar, reducing sugar were recorded highest under the treatment H 3 BO 3 at 0.2% + CBOC and lowest in control.
Green Chemically Synthesized Iron Oxide Nanoparticles–Chitosan Coatings for Enhancing Strawberry Shelf-Life

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

To enhance the preservation of strawberries, a novel coating formulation was developed using chitosan (CH) and iron oxide (IO) nanoparticles (NPs) supplemented with ginger and garlic extracts and combined with varying concentrations of 1%, 2%, and 3% Fe3O4 NPs. The results of XRD revealed an average crystalline size of 48.1 nm for Fe3O4 NPs. SEM images identified Fe3O4 NPs as bright spots on the surface of the fruit, while FTIR confirmed their presence by detecting specific functional groups. Additional SEM analysis revealed clear visibility of CH coatings on the strawberries. Both uncoated and coated strawberry samples were stored at room temperature (27 °C), and quality parameters were systematically assessed, including weight loss, firmness, pH, titratable acidity (TA), total soluble solids (TSSs), ascorbic acid content, antioxidant activity, total reducing sugars (TRSs), total phenolic compounds (TPCs), and infection rates. The obtained weight loss was 21.6% and 6% for 1.5% CH and 3% IO with 1.5% CH, whereas the obtained infection percentage was 19.65% and 13.68% for 1.5% CH and 3% IO with 1.5% CH. As strawberries are citric fruit, 3% IO with 1.5% CH contains 55.81 mg/100 g ascorbic acid. The antioxidant activity for 1.5% CH coated was around 73.89%, whereas 3% IO with 1.5% CH showed 82.89%. The studies revealed that coated samples showed better results, whereas CH that incorporates Fe3O4 NP coatings appears very promising for extending the shelf life of strawberries, preserving their quality and nutritional value during storage and transportation.
Free Radical Polymerization of o ‐Carborane Functionalized Styrene: Effect of Substitution Position at Carbon and Boron

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The AIBN initiated radical polymerization of o ‐carborane functionalized styrenes has been developed. The styrene decorated on the cage boron or cage carbon vertex of o ‐carboranes were all compatible with this polymerization. The M w of the desired P[4‐(B3‐ o ‐carborane)‐styrene] and P[C1‐methylene‐ o ‐carborane‐4‐vinylbenzene] could up to 3.5×10 5 and 1.7×10 5 , respectively. This work offers an efficient method for synthesis of o ‐carborane functionalized polystyrenes, which has important reference for synthesis of o ‐carborane containing polymers.
Multifractality of Pseudo-Velocities and Seismic Quiescence Associated with the Tehuantepec M8.2 EQ

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

By using earthquake catalogs, previous studies have reported evidence that some changes in the spatial and temporal organization of earthquake activity are observed before and after of a main shock. These previous studies have used different approaches for detecting clustering behavior and distance-events density in order to point out the asymmetric behavior of foreshocks and aftershocks. Here, we present a statistical analysis of the seismic activity related to the M w = 8.2 earthquake that occurred on 7 September 2017 in Mexico. First, we calculated the inter-event time and distance between successive events for the period 1 January 1998 until 20 October 2017 in a circular region centered at the epicenter of the M w = 8.2 EQ. Next, we introduced the concept of pseudo-velocity as the ratio between the inter-event distance and inter-event time. A sliding window is considered to estimate some statistical features of the pseudo-velocity sequence before the main shock. Specifically, we applied the multifractal method to detect changes in the spectrum of singularities for the period before the main event on 7 September. Our results point out that the multifractality associated with the pseudo-velocities exhibits noticeable changes in the characteristics of the spectra (more narrower) for approximately three years, from 2013 until 2016, which is preceded and followed by periods with wider spectra. On the other hand, we present an analysis of patterns of seismic quiescence before the M w = 8.2 earthquake based on the Schreider algorithm over a period of 27 years. We report the existence of an important period of seismic quietude, for six to seven years, from 2008 to 2015 approximately, known as the alpha stage, and a beta stage of resumption of seismic activity, with a duration of approximately three years until the occurrence of the great earthquake of magnitude M w = 8.2 . Our results are in general concordance with previous results reported for statistics based on magnitude temporal sequences.
Coteaching in a Secondary Science Methods Course: Learning Through a Coteaching Model that Supports Early Teacher Practice

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Coteaching as a form of situated learning supports early induction into science teaching. A coteaching model for secondary science methods students and what has been learned from this model is described. Secondary science methods students in pairs were placed with a science teacher to begin teaching as peripheral participants. A cooperative inquiry method was used to study this model. In-depth learning about the model and how to make it work effectively came from a process of "research cycling" over multiple semesters. This learning has been put in practical form as a primer for cooperating teachers and methods students participating in coteaching. Constraints and limitations of this coteaching model are discussed.
A new, improved and fully automatic method for teleseismic depth estimation of moderate earthquakes (4.5 < M < 5.5): application to the Guerrero subduction zone (Mexico)

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The depth of an earthquake is difficult to estimate because of the trade-off between depth and origin time estimations, and because it can be biased by lateral Earth heterogeneities. To face this challenge, we have developed a new, blind and fully automatic teleseismic depth analysis. The results of this new method do not depend on epistemic uncertainties due to depth-phase picking and identification. The method consists of a modification of the cepstral analysis from Letort et al. and Bonner et al., which aims to detect surface reflected (pP, sP) waves in a signal at teleseismic distances (30°–90°) through the study of the spectral holes in the shape of the signal spectrum. The ability of our automatic method to improve depth estimations is shown by relocation of the recent moderate seismicity of the Guerrero subduction area (Mexico). We have therefore estimated the depth of 152 events using teleseismic data from the IRIS stations and arrays. One advantage of this method is that it can be applied for single stations (from IRIS) as well as for classical arrays. In the Guerrero area, our new cepstral analysis efficiently clusters event locations and provides an improved view of the geometry of the subduction. Moreover, we have also validated our method through relocation of the same events using the new International Seismological Centre (ISC)-locator algorithm, as well as comparing our cepstral depths with the available Harvard–Centroid Moment Tensor (CMT) solutions and the three available ground thrust (GT5) events (where lateral localization is assumed to be well constrained with uncertainty <5 km) for this area. These comparisons indicate an overestimation of focal depths in the ISC catalogue for deeper parts of the subduction, and they show a systematic bias between the estimated cepstral depths and the ISC-locator depths. Using information from the CMT catalogue relating to the predominant focal mechanism for this area, this bias can be explained as a misidentification of sP phases by pP phases, which shows the greater interest for the use of this new automatic cepstral analysis, as it is less sensitive to phase identification.
Supporting data for "Software pipelines for RNA-Seq, ChIP-Seq and Germline Variant calling analyses in Common Workflow Language (CWL)"

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Datasets produced during the validation of CWL-based pipelines, designed for the analysis of data from RNA-Seq, ChIP-Seq and germline variant calling experiments. Specifically, the workflows were tested using publicly available High-throughput (HTS) data from published studies on Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) (accession numbers: E-MTAB-6962, GSE115772) and Genome in a Bottle (GIAB) project samples (accession numbers: SRR6794144, SRR22476789, SRR22476790, SRR22476791). The supporting data include: Differential transcript and gene expression results produced during the analysis with the CWL-based RNA-Seq pipeline Bigwig and narrowPeak files, differential binding results, table of consensus peaks and read counts of EZH2 and H3K27me3, produced during the analysis with the CWL-based ChIP-Seq pipeline VCF files containing the detected and filtered variants, along with the respective hap.py () results regarding comparisons against the GIAB golden standard truth sets for both CWL-based germline variant calling pipelines
GENDER STEREOTYPES OF SPEECH OF UZBEK CHILDREN

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article investigates how gender stereotypes are embedded in the speech patterns of Uzbek children by adopting a sociolinguistic framework. Focusing on children aged 5 to 8 in urban cities, the research examines linguistic markers – including expressive and receptive language features – and social competence ratings to assess gendered patterns in language use. Data were collected through a mix of naturalistic observation, standardized language assessments, parent and teacher questionnaires, and semi-structured interviews.
Ab initio prediction of optoelectronic and thermoelectric behavior of Eu‐doped Zn2SnO4 using GGA + U functional: A study for optoelectronic devices

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract To understand the electronic structure and optical properties of Zn 2 SnO 4 and Eu‐doped compounds, we utilized the full potential linearized augmented plane wave method with the generalized gradient approximation (GGA). To analyze the electronic, optical, and thermoelectric properties of Eu‐doped Zn 2 SnO 4 , we implemented the GGA‐PBE + U method within density functional theory. We obtained the density of states (total and partial DOS) and optical constants (absorption coefficient, refractive index, reflectivity, and optical conductivity). Our findings revealed that the near‐Fermi valence bands (VB) of the band structure are primarily due to the O and Eu atoms. The electronic properties, including the band structure and TDOS/PDOS, particularly the hybridization among Eu s and f along with Zn s and d states, demonstrated that the pristine material's VB and conduction bands are located at the G point, indicating a direct band gap. However, the Eu‐doped material exhibits intermetallic behavior. We used the electronic structures to analyze the dielectric (real and imaginary parts) function and related properties, such as absorption coefficient, reflectivity, energy loss function, and refractive index. Consequently, in the low‐energy zone, the refractive index and the dielectric constant increased. With the presence of impurity bands, the width of the band gap decreased significantly, and the absorption spectrum shifted toward the red region, indicating a robust response in the infrared band, with high utilization efficiency. Moreover, the Zn 2 SnO 4 ‐doped samples showed the best improvement in optical properties in the low‐energy region.
Comparative study of blackboard presentation and PowerPoint presentation in student’s seminar

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Background: With the advancement of technology young generation i.e. students are friendlier with the electronic media for communication and understanding the concept. While some students still think that the older method such as use of blackboard is the better way for understanding or explains the concept. There are various studies were conducted to understand the perception of students regarding various teaching and learning media in overall curriculum but very few are conducted in students led seminar. Aim and Objectives: To compare the perception of students to the blackboard presentation and to the power point presentation in students led seminar. Material and Methods: A pre-designed, pretested self-administered questionnaire was prepared regarding perception of students on blackboard and PowerPoint presentation in learning process. Total 15 parameters were included in the questionnaire. Results: In this study 54% of students prefer the PowerPoint presentation (PPT) over the blackboard presentation (46%) as the best teaching method in the seminar. With the PPT presentation better demonstrations of clinical conditions and important points can be recalled during summarization of the topic. Blackboard teaching stimulates the interest and more stress on important point is given. Students and presenter’s interaction is better in Blackboard presentation. Conclusion: Our study demonstrates that seminar delivered using PPT was more appreciated and preferred by the students.
Effect of splenectomy on the growth of murine colon tumors

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract We have previously demonstrated a high incidence of splenomegaly in BALB/c mice bearing colon tumor C‐C36, but not colon tumor C‐C26. To characterize this difference, tumor development in mice splenectomized seven days before tumor inoculation was compared to that of unoperated control mice. Our findings indicate that during the early phase, tumor growth is enhanced for both C‐C26 and C‐C36 in the splenectomized animals. The lag period for tumor appearance was also somewhat shorter in these splenectomized animals as compared to the controls, and metastatic tendency to the lungs was unaffected by splenectomy. These findings may have useful implications for the role of the spleen in the tumor‐bearing animal.
O DESENVOLVIMENTO DA ESCRITA NA CRIANÇA

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article aims to develop a reflection on aspects of the development of written language as a cultural instrument produced by humanity, and its appropriation, We defend the necessity for children to appropriate the knowledge historically produced by society to become humanized and subjects of their own history. It is a bibliographical research, grounded in a historical-dialectical materialism approach and based on cultural-historical theory. The research is supported by the studies of Vygotsky, Luria, Leontiev, and Fisher.The results indicate that, throughout history, the access to writing has been the privilege of a minority and education still takes on the form of traditional logic in the school environment, characterizing as an instrument of domination and alienation. It is concluded that access to autonomous writing is one of the basic requirements so that individuals humanize themselves, leave the "cave," and achieve effective social belonging. And that the development of writing in/by the child should be taught as social practices, in real situations of language use, as constitutive acts of consciousness. To overcome traditional logic, it is important for teachers to understand how children learn, based on a theoretical-methodological foundation that promotes the development of autonomy and the fullest human potential.
Syntheses of Families of Enantiopure and Diastereopure Cobalt Catalysts Derived from Trications of the Formula [Co(NH2CHArCHArNH2)3]3+

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Aerobic reactions of CoX2 (X = OAc, Cl) or Co(ClO4)2 with (S,S)-1,2-diphenylethylenediamine [(S,S)-dpen] in CH3OH, followed by HCl or HClO4 additions, give the diastereomeric lipophobic salts Λ-[Co((S,S)-dpen)3]3+3Cl- [Λ-(S,S)-13+3Cl-] or Δ-(S,S)-13+3ClO4- (60-65%) with high degrees of selectivity. Anion metatheses (room temperature) and equilibrations (charcoal, CH3OH, 70 °C) show that the former is more stable than Δ-(S,S)-13+3Cl-, and the latter is more stable than Λ-(S,S)-13+3ClO4-. Additional anion metatheses lead to large families of lipophilic salts Λ- and Δ-(S,S)-13+2X-X'- [X/X' = Cl/BArf [BArf = B(3,5-C6H3(CF3)2)4], PF6/BArf, BF4/BArf, PhBF3/BArf, Cl/BArf20 [BArf20 = B(C6F5)4], BArf/BArf, BArf20/BArf20, BF4/BF4, PF6/PF6]. Mixed salts of the formula Λ- and Δ-[Co((S,S)-NH2CHArCHArNH2)3]3+2Cl-BArf- are similarly prepared (Ar = 4-C6H4n-Bu, 4-C6H4Cl, 4-C6H4CF3, 4-C6H4OCH3, α-naphthyl, β-naphthyl, 2-C6H4OBn). The diastereotopic NHH' protons exhibit different 1H NMR signals; one shifts far downfield when X/X' = Cl/BArf (δ ca. 8.0 vs 4.0 ppm). This is believed to arise from hydrogen bonding between the two Cl- anions and the two C3 faces of the D3-symmetric trication, each of which feature three synperiplanar NH groups. When all of the anions are poor hydrogen-bond acceptors (e.g., BArf-, BF4-, ClO4-), equilibria favor Δ diastereomers.