jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Two-Stage Designs for Clinical Trials

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Several papers recently have discussed the design of clinical trials from a gain function viewpoint (Anscombe [1963], Colton [1963, 1965], and, on a very similar topic, Wetherill and Campling [1966] among others). This paper considers the situation in which two treatments are available for a particular ailment. The response to the treatment is a continuous variable, and the gain in using a treatment is some monotonic function of the value of the response. A given number N of patients will be in need of one or other of the two treatments, and the trial is aimed at allocating the treatments to the patients in such a way as to make the expected gain as large as possible. The trial which achieves the largest expected gain is of considerable complexity, involving a decision with each patient as to which treatment to use, and usually one confines attention to trials with a simpler design. Colton [1963] considered single-stage designs and sequential probability ratio tests, and in a later paper [1965] two types of two-stage designs. In this paper, less restricted and unrestricted two-stage designs are constructed and evaluated. The model used here is the same as used by Colton, and is as follows:
A Bloch-Wigner complex for SL_2

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We introduce a refinement of the Bloch-Wigner complex of a field F. This is a complex of modules over the multiplicative group of the field. Instead of computing K_2 and indecomposable K_3 - as the classical Bloch-Wigner complex does - it calculates the second and third integral homology of SL_2 of the field. On passing to coinvariants for the action of the multiplicative group we recover the classical Bloch-Wigner complex. The case of finite fields is included throughout the article.
THE INHIBITORY EFFECTS OF PLANT METHANOLIC EXTRACT OF DATURA STRAMONIUM L. AND LEAF EXPLANTS DUE TO CALLI AGAINST BACTERIA AND FUNGI

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

This study aimed to investigate the effects of methanolic extract from root, stem and leaf of Datura stramonium L. on the vegetative and generative phases of the growth process of four bacterial strains (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Bacillus subtilis) and four fungi strains (Fusarium semithectum, Fusarium colmorum, Ceratocystis ulmi and Rhizoctoina solani). In this research, methanol extract from flower, seed and leaf explant callus was also used. Liquid culture, pour plate, punch, direct drop and disk paper methods were used. The result showed that the methanol extract from green leaf explant callus had inhibitory effects on the growth of B. subtilis (ATCC KX1-A1 15561) and S. epidermidis (ATCC 0-1-B29997) with inhibition zones of 22 and 23mm, respectively. An inhibition effect of the methanol extract from clear callus on the growth of E. coli (ATCC W1485 25645) was observed with (inhibition zone of 17mm). An effect of the methanol extract from organogenesis callus on the growth of C. ulmi (ATCC 32731) was observed. The inhibition effect of the methanol extract of green callus on the growth of F. semithectum (ATCC 11599) was observed (Inhibition zones 17mm). An effect of the methanol extract from green callus on the growth of F. colmorum (ATCC 15620) was observed. Inhibition effect of the methanolic extract from stem and leaf in the vegetative phase on the growth of B. subtilis was observed (analysis of punch method). An inhibition effect of the methanolic extract from leaf and stem in the vegetative phase (inhibition zones 21 and 21 mm, respectively), from stem and root in the generative phase (with inhibition zone 20 mm) and from mature seed (inhibition zones 17 mm) on the growth of B. subtilis (inhibition zone 21mm) was observed (direct drop method). An effect of the methanolic extract from mature seed on the growth of P. aeruginosa (ATCC PA103-29260) (inhibition zone 21mm) was observed (direct drop method). An inhibitory effect of the methanolic extract from root in the vegetative phase and flower on the growth of R. solani was observed (inhibition zones 20 and 16 mm, respectively). The results showed that the active compound was atropine alkaloid. It was concluded that organogenator callus extract has more inhibition effect on the growth of fungi in comparison to the other extracts. It seems that the effective antimicrobial ingredient goes back to alkaloids and is related to tissue and organ differentiation directly.
Structure and Connectivity Analysis of Financial Complex System Based on G-Causality Network

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The recent financial crisis highlights the inherent weaknesses of the financial market. To explore the mechanism that maintains the financial market as a system, we study the interactions of U.S. financial market from the network perspective. Applied with conditional Granger causality network analysis, network density, in-degree and out-degree rankings are important indicators to analyze the conditional causal relationships among financial agents, and further to assess the stability of U.S. financial systems. It is found that the topological structure of G-causality network in U.S. financial market changed in different stages over the last decade, especially during the recent global financial crisis. Network density of the G-causality model is much higher during the period of 2007–2009 crisis stage, and it reaches the peak value in 2008, the most turbulent time in the crisis. Ranked by in-degrees and out-degrees, insurance companies are listed in the top of 68 financial institutions during the crisis. They act as the hubs which are more easily influenced by other financial institutions and simultaneously influence others during the global financial disturbance.
Electrochemical properties of some gold(III) complexes with (S,S)-R2edda-type ligands

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Oxidation-reduction properties of eleven gold(III) complexes with (S,S)-R2edda-type ligands was studied by cyclic and differential pulse voltammetry in DMSO. Series I: [AuCl2{(S,S)-R2eddip}]PF6, (S,S)-eddip = (S,S)-ethylenediamine-N,N'-di-2-propanoate, R = n-butyl, n-pentyl, isobutyl, isoamyl, cyclopentyl, 1-5; II: [AuCl2{(S,S)-R2eddch}]PF6, (S,S)-eddch = (S,S)-ethylenediamine-N,N'-di-2-(3- cyclohexyl)propanoate, R = methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, isoamyl, 6-11. Voltammograms in DMSO showed two successive irreversible reduction steps, where AuI species were the final reduction product. Reduction potential values are in range from 116 to 156 mV (Ep1) and -520 to -572 mV (Ep2) for Series I and from 148 to 228 mV (Ep1) and -569 to -638 mV (Ep2) for Series II. In general, slightly easier reduction of complexes belonging to Series I (higher cytotoxicity) could be due to less steric hindrance around the gold center. Reduction potentials and anticancer activity are not in correlation.
8-Prenyl daidzein and 8-prenyl genistein from germinated soybean modulate inflammatory response in activated macrophages

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Soy isoflavones have been shown to have anti-inflammatory properties; however, the anti-inflammatory effects of isoflavone metabolites produced during soybean germination remain unclear. We found that the daidzein and genistein derivatives, 8-prenyl daidzein (8-PD) and 8-prenyl genistein (8-PG), demonstrated a more potent effect than daidzein and genistein on repressing inflammatory responses in macrophages. Although IkB protein levels were unaltered, 8-PD and 8-PG repressed nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) activation, which was associated with reduced ERK1/2, JNK, and p38 MAPK activation and suppressed mitogen- and stress-activated kinase 1 phosphorylation. Inflammatory responses induced by the medium containing hypertrophic adipocyte secretions were successfully suppressed by 8-PD and 8-PG treatment. In the ex vivo study, 8-PD and 8-PG significantly inhibited proinflammatory C–C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) secretion from the adipose tissues of mice fed a long-term high-fat diet. The data suggest that 8-PD and 8-PG could regulate macrophage activation under obesity conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Benzo[c]quinolizin‐3‐ones: Selective Non‐Steroidal Inhibitors of Steroid 5α‐Reductase 1.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Public Interactions between Orthodox Christian and Muslim Organisations at the Federal Level in Russia Today

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract When we discuss Orthodox–Muslim relations in Russia we need to be clear which particular partners we are talking about. My article is about relationships among the religious leaderships at the federal level. These relationships are essentially asymmetrical, and this is the result not only of differences in the number of believers, but also of differences in political weight and ideological loyalty to the regime. One important factor is that Orthodoxy is part of the basis of Russian ethnic self-identification, whereas Islam has not become a unifying factor for many varied ethnic groups in the country. Orthodox and Muslims have asymmetrical relations as far as tolerance is concerned. At all levels – ordinary citizens, the mass media, the actions of leaders – this is heavily dependent on the dominant political mythology. The Russian Orthodox Church has privileged relations with the federal power, and Muslim leaders simply have to accept this as a fact. Some of the latter are preoccupied with their own ethnic issues; some follow the ideological lead of the Orthodox Church; others invoke Islamic unity; yet others see themselves as defending minority rights. Relations between Orthodox and Muslim leaderships are intimately involved with discourse about identity, and in the context of the ever-increasing significance of this discourse in Russia their relations are becoming ever more strained. Meanwhile the federal authorities do not seem to be paying serious attention to this phenomenon.
Accurate Tidal Volume for Patients under Mechanical Ventilation: A Cross-sectional Descriptive Study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: In order to prevent lung injury among patients under mechanical ventilation, tidal volume should be determined based on predicted body weight. The aim of the study was to determine the accuracy of tidal volume determination for patients under mechanical ventilation and to assess nurses’ knowledge about accurate tidal volume determination. Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study. This study was conducted on 250 patients under mechanical ventilation and 75 nurses who provided care to the patients. Patients’ height was estimated based on their ulna length and then, their predicted body weight and tidal volume were estimated. Nurses’ knowledge about tidal volume determination was also assessed. Results: The mean of delivered tidal volume was 9.1±1.73 mL/kg of predicted body weight. Tidal volume for 172 patients (68.8%) had been set at more than 8 mL/kg of predicted body weight. Forty nine nurses (65.3%) noted that there was no guideline in their wards for height and weight measurement. They determined patients’ weight and height through either visual estimation (21 nurses; 28.0%) or asking from their colleagues, patients, or patients’ family members (48 nurses; 64.0%). Conclusion: Nurses have limited knowledge about accurate tidal volume determination and hence, deliver high tidal volume to patients under mechanical ventilation which puts them at risk for ventilator-associated lung injury. Urgent interventions such as lung-protective strategies, staff training, and careful managerial supervision are needed to prevent ventilator-associated lung injury and improve patient safety.
The use of Grey System Theory in predicting the road traffic accident in Fars province in Iran

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Traffic accidents have become a more and more important factor that restrict the development of economy and threaten the safety of human beings. Considering the complexity and uncertainty of the influencing factors on traffic accidents, traffic accident forecasting can be regarded as a grey system with unknown and known information, so be analyzed by grey system theory. Grey models require only a limited amount of data to estimate the behavior of unknown systems. In this paper, first, the original predicted values of road traffic accidents are separately obtained by the GM (1,1) model, the Verhulst model and the DGM(2,1) model. The results of these models on predicting road traffic accident show that the forecasting accuracy of the GM(1,1) is higher than the Verhulst model and the DGM(2,1) model. Then, the GM(1,1) model is applied to predict road traffic accident in Fars province.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions of Sodium Diethyl Malonate with Functionalized 2,3‐Dichlorocyclopentenones. Preparation of Water‐Soluble Derivatives.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Assessing the sensitivity of consumption expenditure to inflation sentiment in post-communist economies

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The aim of this article is to examine the influence of inflation sentiment on aggregate consumption. The study adds to the existing literature by i) emphasising the role of inflation perceptions and expectations in determining consumption patterns, ii) using structural VAR methodology that has not yet been applied in consumer studies, iii) employing an extensive dataset of eight individual post-communist countries (Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Slovakia and Slovenia). Using innovation analysis it is shown that the theoretically expected conclusions are valid: consumers instantaneously decrease their consumption expenditure in response to shocks in perceived inflation, while their reaction to shocks in near-term inflation expectations is an abrupt (but temporary) consumption boost.
Beyond production clusters

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

There is a long-standing theoretical and policy preoccupation with notions such as "industrial districts" and "clusters" when describing the governance and spatiality of networks in the film and television industries.1 In this chapter, we assert that such analyses run the danger of over-privileging the importance of local institutional and organizational network relations, and thereby downplay the significance of a range of extra-local networks upon which the nature, or indeed the very existence, of these formations may depend. Instead, we argue for a conceptualization that recognizes how the majority of so-called film industry clusters or industrial districts are embedded in, and shaped by, a complex web of multi-scalar network connections. Effective analysis and ensuing policy prescriptions must recognize the key extra-local network relations – be they intra-regional, intra-national or international – upon which agglomerations are predicated. In short, we need to develop a non-deterministic "critical political economy" of these networks that considers exactly where the power to initiate, foster and develop local network formations resides, how it is enacted, and what its implications are. This in turn necessitates a broad focus that looks beyond the actual film production process to reveal the key domains of finance, distribution and exhibition that exert a massive influence on the organizational structures and geography of the industry.
Study on marine blended waveguide inversed by radar sea clutters

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Over-the-Horizon detection of atmosphere duct can be realized by the OTHR, in order to increasing the spread distance of radar electromagnetic. The calculation of five-parameter refractivity algorithm on getting hybrid duct inversion of RFC (Refractivity from Clutter) was introduced in this paper, and then the application was decrypted details. As the five-parameter algorithm is fit to get multi-duct atmosphere modified refractivity profile, it also can get the high altitude atmosphere refractivity profile, which provides reference to the further study of RFC.
Southern Ocean oxygenation changes inferred from redox-sensitive trace metals across Marine Isotope Stage 11

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Earth and Space Science Open Archive This work has been accepted for publication in G-Cubed. Version of RecordESSOAr is a venue for early communication or feedback before peer review. Data may be preliminary. Learn more about preprints. preprintOpen AccessYou are viewing the latest version by default [v2]Southern Ocean oxygenation changes inferred from redox-sensitive trace metals across Marine Isotope Stage 11AuthorsEvanRohdeChristopher T.HayesiDNeilRedmondiDSamuel K.GlasscockSee all authors Evan RohdeUniversity of Southern Mississippiview email addressThe email was not providedcopy email addressChristopher T. HayesiDCorresponding Author• Submitting AuthorUniversity of Southern MississippiiDhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5636-2989view email addressThe email was not providedcopy email addressNeil RedmondiDUniversity of Southern MississippiiDhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9810-469Xview email addressThe email was not providedcopy email addressSamuel K. GlasscockUniversity of Southern Mississippiview email addressThe email was not providedcopy email address
Narasi Term Zholim Dalam Tafsir al-Wasith Karya Wahbah al-Zuhaili

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Islam is a mercy for the universe. But in reality, many people don’t want to make Islam the compas of life. This makes them be oppressor. The scholars, especially Wahbah al-Zuhaili have warned in one of his book, namely Tafsir al-Wasith not do oppression. Therefore, this research aims to describe the narration of the term oppression in Tafsir al-Wasith; in the form of the definition of oppression, the history of oppression, various kinds of oppression, triggering factor for doing of oppression, and punishment for oppressor. The method used in this research is thematic method. The results of this research is to explain that the meaning of oppression is attitudes and actions that goes beyond the corridor. Oppression acts in history began with the prophet Adam. There are three kinds of oppression; namaely oppression to Allah, oppression to one’s own person, and oppression to other people. There are three triggering factors for doing oppression; namely fear of the creatures more than fear of the Creator, weak faith in the Day of Judgment, and raises doubt about the justice of Allah. Oppressor will be punished for his oppression; both the punishment of this world and the punishment of the hereafter.
VISUAL ACUITY OUTCOME ANALYSIS AND SPECTACLE INDEPENDENCE AFTER TORIC MULTIFOCAL INTRAOCULAR LENS IMPLANTATION IN CATARACT PATIENTS

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The present study is carried out to evaluate the visual outcome after performing cataract surgery with toric multi focal IOL implantation.Toric multifocal IOL implantation is an outcome to meet the need of patients for spectacle independence in cataract patients.This technology is applied in patients with cataract and also pre-existing corneal astigmatism of more than 1.25 D who were dependent on spectacles for distance vision. MATERIALS AND METHODSThis is a retrospective cohort study conducted in a single centre by a single surgeon.40 eyes of 20 patients with cataract and preexisting corneal astigmatism of more than 1.25 D (D) were analysed in the study at Mahathma Eye Hospital, Trichy, Tamil Nadu, India.AMO ECToric multifocal IOL was used.Both sexes in the age group 30-80 were enrolled.Uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), and best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) were assessed using Snellen visual acuity chart at 3 months post op.Rotational stability of the IOL was assessed by slitlamp method.Patient satisfaction was studied by the questionnaire called Response Rating Scale.All the patients received toric multifocal IOL implants.All patients were bilaterally treated. RESULTSAll the patients studied had total spectacle independence.90% of them had uncorrected visual acuity 6/6 after careful preoperative patient selection, un-complicated phacoemulsification, selecting appropriate IOL formula and using a toric multi focal IOL with good rotational stability. CONCLUSIONToric multifocal IOL is a reliable and safe technology that could be confidently used in patients with cataract and co-existing precorneal astigmatism to achieve the goal of spectacle independence for distance, near and intermediate vision.
Analysis on tort conducted toward a cooperative on decision no. 221/pdt.g/2015/pn.Jkt.Tim based on law no.25 year 1992 concerning cooperatives = Analisis perbuatan melawan hukum terhadap koperasi atas putusan no. 221/pdt.g/2015/pn.Jkt.Tim berdasarkan undang-undang no. 25 year 1992 tentang perkoperasian

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Manusia terus berkembang melalui kegiatan niaga. Dalam berniaga, tanah adalah bagian penting dari usaha apapun. Munculnya Koperasi sebagai usaha yang didorong kelas menengah Indonesia melihat butuhnya Koperasi akan tanah untuk usaha mereka. Undang-Undang No. 25 year 1992 tentang Perkoperasian mengatur bagian organisasi yang menjalankannya, khususnya yang dapat mengambil tindakan hukum. Perkara yang dianalisis dalam Skripsi ini diambil dari Putusan No. 221/Pdt.G/2015/PN.Jkt.Tim yang mengadili perkara perbuatan melawan hukum. Permasalahannya tidak banyak terletak pada isu ganti rugi, tetapi individu yang dapat mengambil tindakan hukum yang menuntut kembali tanah dari pembeli. Perkara tersebut adalah perbuatan melawan hukum jual beli tanah. Dalam hal ini, hakim mempertimbangkan kasus di masa lalu khususnya yang melihat berlakunya proses yang diterapkan. Menggunakan tinjauan normative dan tinjauan statuta dalam penelitian hukum, Penulis melihat masa lalu untuk menentukan pola di masa sekarang sehingga dapat mencari solusi untuk masa depan yang lebih baik.