jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
General relativistic quasi-spherical accretion in a dark matter halo

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Context. The Bondi spherical accretion solution has been used to model accretion onto compact objects in a variety of situations, from interpretation of observations to subgrid models in cosmological simulations. Aims. We aim to investigate how the presence of dark matter (DM) alters the dynamics and physical properties of accretion onto supermassive black holes on scales ranging from ~ 10 pc to the event horizon. Methods. In particular, we investigate Bondi-like accretion flows with zero and low specific angular momentum around supermassive black holes surrounded by dark-matter halos by performing 1D and 2.5D general relativistic hydrodynamics (GRHD) simulations using the black hole accretion code (BHAC). Results. We find notable differences in the dynamics and structure of spherical accretion flows in the presence of DM. The most significant effects include increases in density, temperature, and pressure, as well as variations in radial velocity both inside and outside the regions containing DM or even the production of outflow. Conclusions. This investigation provides valuable insights into the role of cosmological effects, particularly DM, in shaping the behavior of accretion flows and black holes (BHs). Our simulations may be directly applicable to model systems with a large black hole-to-halo mass ratio, which are expected to be found at very high redshifts.
Characteristics and Outcomes of Patients With Multiple Cervical Artery Dissection

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background and Purpose— Little is known about factors contributing to multiple rather than single cervical artery dissections (CeAD) and their associated prognosis. Methods— We compared the baseline characteristics and short-term outcome of patients with multiple to single CeAD included in the multicenter Cervical Artery Dissection and Ischemic Stroke Patients (CADISP) study. Results— Among the 983 patients with CeAD, 149 (15.2%) presented with multiple CeAD. Multiple CeADs were more often associated with cervical pain at admission (odds ratio [OR], 1.59; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.10–2.30), a remote history of head or neck surgery (OR, 1.87; 95% CI, 1.16–3.00), a recent infection (OR, 1.71; 95% CI, 1.12–2.61), and cervical manipulation (OR, 2.23; 95% CI, 1.26–3.95). On imaging, cervical fibromuscular dysplasia (OR, 3.97; 95% CI, 2.04–7.74) and the presence of a pseudoaneurysm (OR, 2.91; 95% CI, 1.86–4.57) were more often seen in patients with multiple CeAD. The presence of multiple rather than single CeAD had no effect on functional 3-month outcome (modified Rankin Scale score, ≥3; 12% in multiple CeAD versus 11.9% in single CeAD; OR, 1.20; 95% CI, 0.60–2.41). Conclusions— In the largest published series of patients with CeAD, we highlighted significant differences between multiple and single artery involvement. Features suggestive of an underlying vasculopathy (fibromuscular dysplasia) and environmental triggers (recent infection, cervical manipulation, and a remote history of head or neck surgery) were preferentially associated with multiple CeAD.
Automated Access Control System for Pediatric Ward Safety: Workflow Impact

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Conventional manual visitor screening via intercom systems at the pediatric ward frequently disrupted the workflow of nurses. To address this, we introduced an automated access control system that incorporated facial recognition and body surface temperature monitoring, integrated with the existing intercom system. The guardians of long-term hospitalized children were authorized to use the new system. After implementation, the number of intercom calls significantly decreased from 139 [134, 145] to 120 [96, 129] (p=0.004).
The effect of diaphragm fatigue on the multidimensional components of dyspnoea and diaphragm electromyography during exercise in healthy males

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Key points Diaphragm fatigue may increase the intensity (sensory dimension) and unpleasantness (affective dimension) of dyspnoea, which may partially explain why diaphragm fatigue negatively affects exercise performance. We hypothesized that diaphragm fatigue would negatively affect exercise performance via increases in both the intensity and unpleasantness of dyspnoea, and that the increase in dyspnoea would be mechanistically linked to an increase in diaphragmatic EMG (EMG di ), a surrogate measure of neural respiratory drive. Fatiguing the diaphragm prior to exercise reduced cycling performance and increased both the intensity and unpleasantness of dyspnoea. The change in submaximal dyspnoea unpleasantness was significantly correlated with the change in cycling performance. Pre‐fatigue of the diaphragm did not increase EMG di during exercise and is therefore unrelated to the increase in either the sensory or affective dimension of exertional dyspnoea. Abstract The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of diaphragm fatigue on the multidimensional components of dyspnoea and diaphragm electromyography (EMG di ) during cycling. Sixteen healthy males (age = 27 ± 5 yr, = 45.8 ± 9.8 ml kg −1 min −1 ) completed two high‐intensity, time‐to‐exhaustion cycling tests in randomized order: (i) inspiratory pressure threshold loading (PTL) prior to exercise to induce diaphragm fatigue (pre‐DF) and (ii) no PTL (control). Diaphragm fatigue after PTL was confirmed via cervical magnetic stimulation of the phrenic nerves. Dyspnoea intensity and unpleasantness were measured throughout exercise with the 0–10 category‐ratio Borg scale and following exercise using the Multidimensional Dyspnoea Profile (MDP). EMG di was continuously recorded via a multipair oesophageal electrode catheter. Time‐to‐exhaustion decreased with pre‐DF vs . control (9.0 ± 5.5 vs . 10.7 ± 7.5 min, P = 0.023). Pre‐DF increased dyspnoea intensity ratings by 0.6 ± 1.0 Borg 0–10 units at the highest equivalent submaximal exercise time (HESET) a participant could achieve in both conditions ( P = 0.020). Dyspnoea unpleasantness ratings increased with pre‐DF by 0.5 ± 1.0, 0.7 ± 1.2 and 0.9 ± 1.4 (all P < 0.05) Borg 0–10 units during the 2nd, 3rd and 4th minutes of exercise, respectively. There was a significant correlation between the change in breathing unpleasantness ratings at HESET and the change in time‐to‐exhaustion ( r = 0.66, P = 0.006). The immediate perception domain, a combination of peak unpleasantness and specific dyspnoea descriptor intensity ratings, was the only component of the MDP that was significantly increased with pre‐DF (4.3 ± 1.9 vs . 3.6 ± 1.8, P = 0.04). There were no significant differences in EMG di . In conclusion, diaphragm fatigue has negative effects on multiple domains of dyspnoea, which may partially explain why exercise performance decreases with it.
Daily Situation Report on Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Iran; March 17, 2020.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The main strategy of the Ministry of Health (MOH) for the control of COVID-19 is active case finding using electronic tools, taking advantage of the capacity of the national primary health care (PHC) network, and community engagement. To accomplish this, all people are asked to participate in the screening process using the MOH's self-assessment portal (salamat.gov.ir). Health workers and public volunteers actively contact suspected cases using information recorded in this portal, as well as the electronic health record (SIB portal). They actively evaluate individuals, follow-up them, and provide them with necessary information. Where needed, clients are referred to 16-hour treatment clinics, which are specifically set up for the diagnosis and treatment of the disease, to the hospitals, or will be treated at home. The preliminary results of this national campaign (launched nationwide last week) is provided in this factsheet.
Healthy environments for healthy people: bioremediation today and tomorrow.

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Increases in environmental contamination lead to a progressive deterioration of environmental quality. This condition challenges our global society to find effective measures of remediation to reverse the negative conditions that severely threaten human and environmental health. We discuss the progress being made toward this goal through application of bioremediation techniques. Bioremediation generally utilizes microbes (bacteria, fungi, yeast, and algae), although higher plants are used in some applications. New bioremediation approaches are emerging based on advances in molecular biology and process engineering. Bioremediation continues to be the favored approach for processing biological wastes and avoiding microbial pathogenesis. Bioremediation may also play an increasing role in concentrating metals and radioactive materials to avoid toxicity or to recover metals for reuse. Microbes can biodegrade organic chemicals; purposeful enhancement of this natural process can aid in pollutant degradation and waste-site cleanup operations. Recently developed rapid-screening assays can identify organisms capable of degrading specific wastes and new gene-probe methods can ascertain their abundance at specific sites. New tools and techniques for use of bioremediation in situ, in biofilters, and in bioreactors are contributing to the rapid growth of this field. Bioremediation has already proven itself to be a cost-effective and beneficial addition to chemical and physical methods of managing wastes and environmental pollutants. We anticipate that it will play an increasingly important role as a result of new and emerging techniques and processes.
Modeling\nCompeting Kinetics between Electrochemical\nReduction of Furfural on Copper and Homogeneous Side Reactions in\nAcid

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The understanding of electrochemical reactions for the\nhydrogenation\nand hydrogenolysis (ECH) of biomass derived species is important to\ndesign and adapt electrochemical reactors to generate desired chemicals\nsustainably at high yield. In this work, the ECH of furfural (FF)\nover Cu foil catalysts to furfuryl alcohol (FA) and 2-methylfuran\n(MF) was studied in a two-compartment semibatch reactor in acidic\nelectrolytes (0.1 and 0.5 M H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>) with nitrogen\nsparging. We found that FA and MF underwent side reactions that follow\nfirst order kinetics with respect to the FA and MF concentrations\nin 0.1 M H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> and 0.5 M H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>. MF evaporation from the catholyte in the presence of nitrogen\nsparging followed a first order dependence with the concentration\nof MF in the catholyte. Our previous work showed the ECH of FF over\nCu followed noncompetitive Langmuir–Hinshelwood models. A kinetic\nmodel was developed to consider the electrochemical reactions, nonelectrochemical\nside reactions, and the evaporation of MF to investigate the competition\nbetween these three contributions to the mass balances. Insights were\nprovided by using the model to consider two hypothetical cases where\n1) evaporation of MF did not occur, and 2) side reactions did not\noccur, and a third realistic case where evaporation of MF and side\nreactions occurred. The model showed that without gas sparging promoting\nMF evaporation, 81.5% of products were undesirable at 98.5% FF conversion\nin 0.5 M H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>, and 30.6% of products were undesirable\nin 0.1 M H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>. N<sub>2</sub> sparging in the\ncatholyte lowered the concentration of MF in the catholyte with a\ncorresponding increase to the concentration in the solvent trap, where\nside reactions did not occur, allowing for increased MF yields. We\nshowed that despite the faster side reactions to MF in 0.5 M H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> compared to 0.1 M H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>, a higher yield to MF was reached in 0.5 M H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> than in 0.1 M H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> due to the beneficial\nimpact of nitrogen sparging and the higher electrochemical production\nrate of MF.
Partners in progress: Peanut research at OSU 2007, supported by the Oklahoma Peanut Commission and the National Peanut Board

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service periodically issues revisions to its publications. The most current edition is made available. For access to an earlier edition, if available for this title, please contact the Oklahoma State University Library Archives by email at libscua@okstate.edu or by phone at 405-744-6311.
ASPEK-ASPEK EPISTEMOLOGI DALAM MANAJEMEN PENDIDIKAN ISLAM

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this study is to determine the source of knowledge, and the role and diffusion of epistemology in the management review of Islamic Education. The method that researchers use is library research in the form of references from various library data sources that are ready to use so that they can be used immediately and are not limited by space and time. The results of the study show that aspects of epistemology are related to the way understanding and knowledge are obtained in the context of Islamic education. It includes teaching methods, sources of knowledge, and the process of understanding Islamic concepts. The role of epistemology in the management of Islamic education ensures that the methods and knowledge conveyed are in accordance with Islamic scientific principles. By understanding and applying this aspect of epistemology in the management of Islamic education, it is hoped that educational institutions can make a positive contribution in forming individuals who are knowledgeable, moral, and able to make a positive contribution to society and Muslims as a whole.
2020 Quick Fixes: Simplification or More Complexity for Businesses? – The Explanatory Notes

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

On 4 December 2018, the Council of the European Union adopted a legislative package known as “2020 Quick Fixes” in relation to certain modifications in the field of VAT and intra-Community trade. In this article, the author makes a detailed analysis of the quick fixes based on the Explanatory Notes providing the reader with an easy-to-read document covering all the scenarios dealt with in the Explanatory Notes as well as describing the impact for businesses of the mentioned changes.
The Technology Age

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Focusing on H. G. Wells’s scientific romances, “The Technology Age” argues that the volatile modernity of Wells’s fiction pivots on a failure of sympathy between the young and the old. This failure generates the deeply ambivalent conditions by which generational antagonism arises alongside modernity’s technological and social progress. Drawing on the work of Charles Booth and tracts by the Fabian society, I illustrate how socialist arguments for a universal pension depend upon youths imagining the older person they one day will become. Analyzing works such as The Time Machine, War of the Worlds, Food of the Gods, and In the Days of the Comet, this chapter highlights the multitemporality of the banal process of aging. In this regard, science fiction provides insight into the reality of aging in a way that conventional literary realism cannot.
Decision-Making in Partially Observable Environments

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Organizations are striving to find solutions that perform their business processes more efficiently and more effective. While organizations pursue these objectives, the surrounding and the internal environment is changing and consequently incrementing the complexity for the managers to formulate full informed decisions. Moreover, the organizational environments do not allow to full recognize the overall surrounds or the internal current operation, e.g., large fusion and/or acquisitions, or complex semi-automatic business processes. This paper combines partially observable Markov decision processes with DEMO business transactions to support the management initiatives with more knowledge about the impact of their actions in the operation of the organization. An agro-food company shows the usefulness of the solution and the results forecast the management decisions value in situations where is not possible to fully observe the state of the reality, or to be fully aware about it.
Desmarestia tortuosa sp. nov. from British Columbia: its bearing on subgeneric distinctions in the genus

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Desmarestia tortuosa sp. nov. from British Columbia, Canada is described. Its diagnostic characteristics are the possession of terete, tortuous lower order branches and main axis, ligulate higher order branches, absence of a midrib, and sparsely branched trichothallic hairs.The possession of both terete and ligulate branches in this and other species of Desmarestia (D. rossii Hook. fil. et Harv. from southern South America and Antarctica and D. kurilensis Yamada from the Kurile Islands) suggests that the sections Herbaceae and Virides can no longer be maintained as separate from one another.
Bits, Bytes, and User Comfort – The Digital Library (DigiBib)

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The Digital Library (DigiBib) was founded in 1998 as a joint project of the University Library of Bielefeld and the Service Centre for University Libraries of North Rhine-Westphalia (HBZ), Cologne. The initial aim was to create an Internet portal furthering science, teaching and research for the libraries of universities and universities of applied sciences in North Rhine-Westfalia and northern Rhineland-Palatinate. A uniform work interface to access the relevant digital sources (catalogues and scientific abstract, index and full-text databases) is offered while allowing the participating libraries to develop their own specific profile on the basis of the common platform. With the initial set-up established successfully, it is now planned to expand further and to integrate other user groups and libraries, such as public or school libraries. This article discusses different aspects pertaining to, and sections of, the DigiBib and shows the interaction of the modules with each other in order to achieve an integrated whole. In “Technical Administration and Development of the Digi Bib”, Anette Seiler gives an overview over the development and maintenance of the different modules of the DigiBib software. The section on content and acquisition (“Acquisitions for the Digital Library”, by Erwin Hardeck) deals with the legal, financial, managerial and technical background of acquiring electronic media such as databases and e-journals in, and for, consortia. In “ Public libraries and the DigiBib”, Heiko Jansen describes a groundbreaking project to include public libraries as users of the DigiBib. The section on Interlibrary Loan and Document Delivery by Tatjana Mrowka (“The online-ILL module as an integral part of the Digital Library”) presents one of the latest building blocks of the DigiBib offering users immediate and comfortable ordering facilities subsequent to successful searching.
Evidence for Prosauropod Dinosaur Gastroliths in the Bull Run Formation (Upper Triassic, Norian) of Virginia

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Definitive criteria for distinguishing gastroliths from sedimentary clasts are lacking for many depositional settings, and many reported occurrences of gastroliths either cannot be verified or have been refuted. We discuss four occurrences of gastrolith-like stones (category 6 exoliths) not found within skeletal remains from the Upper Triassic Bull Run Formation of northern Virginia, USA. Despite their lack of obvious skeletal association, the most parsimonious explanation for several characteristics of these stones is their prolonged residence in the gastric mills of large animals. These characteristics include 1) typical gastrolith microscopic surface texture, 2) evidence of pervasive surface wear on many of these stones that has secondarily removed variable amounts of thick weathering rinds typically found on these stones, and 3) a width/length-ratio modal peak for these stones that is more strongly developed than in any population of fluvial or fanglomerate stones of any age found in this region. When taken together, these properties of the stones can be explained most parsimoniously by animal ingestion and gastric-mill abrasion. The size of these stones indicates the animals that swallowed them were large, and the best candidate is a prosauropod dinosaur, possibly an ancestor of the Early Jurassic gastrolith-producing prosauropod Massospondylus or Ammosaurus. Skeletal evidence for Upper Triassic prosauropods is lacking in the Newark Supergroup basins; footprints (Agrestipus hottoni and Eubrontes isp.) from the Bull Run Formation in the Culpeper basin previously ascribed to prosauropods are now known to be underprints (Brachychirotherium parvum) of an aetosaur and underprints (Kayentapus minor) of a ceratosaur. The absence of prosauropod skeletal remains or footprints in all but the uppermost (upper Rhaetian) Triassic rocks of the Newark Supergroup is puzzling because prosauropod remains are abundant elsewhere in the world in Upper Triassic (Carnian, Norian, and lower Rhaetian) continental strata. The apparent scarcity of prosauropods in Upper Triassic strata of the Newark Supergroup is interpreted as an artifact of ecological partitioning, created by the habitat range and dietary preferences of phytosaurs and by the preservational biases at that time within the lithofacies of the Newark Supergroup basins.
Biodiverse Histoplasma Species Elicit Distinct Patterns of Pulmonary Inflammation following Sublethal Infection

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Acute pulmonary histoplasmosis in healthy individuals comprises most of the disease burden caused by the fungal pathogen Histoplasma . Fungal pneumonia is frequently delayed in diagnosis and treatment due to a prolonged period of quiescence early during infection. In this study, we used a murine respiratory model of histoplasmosis to investigate how different Histoplasma species modulate lung inflammation throughout the complete course of infection. We propose that a relatively low, sublethal inoculum is ideal to model acute pulmonary histoplasmosis in humans, primarily due to the quiescent stage of fungal growth that occurs in the lungs of mice prior to the initiation of inflammation. Our results reveal the unique course of lung immunity associated with divergent species of Histoplasma and imply that the progression of clinical disease is considerably more heterogeneous than previously recognized.
Tectone, a New Antihyperglycemic Anthraquinone from Tectona grandis Leaves

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

A new anthraquinone (3,8-dihydroxy-2-methyl anthraquinone), named tectone (1), along with fourteen known compounds (2-15) comprised of five terpenoids (2-5, 15), four flavonoids (6-9), three flavone glycosides (10-12), and two phenolic glycosides (13-14) were isolated from the chloroform and n-butanol fractions of the ethanol extract of Tectona grandis leaves. Attempts were made to synthesize compound 1. This resulted in the synthesis of three additional anthraquinones (16-18), out of which compound 16 is new. The structures of all compounds were established by spectral analysis. The isolated and synthesized compounds were evaluated for their antihyperglycemic activity. Compounds 1, 2, 4 and 14 showed significant antihyperglycemic activity in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight, which is comparable to the standard drug metformin.