jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Analysis of near cortex versus both cortex screw fixation in bone fracture surgery - a finite element study

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A bone fracture is a discontinuity of a bone due to damages likely from external forces. The healing of the fracture can be accelerated with the use of locking compression plates (LCP) held into place with suitable locking screws. They prevent unnecessary movement while holding on optimal stress at the fractured area to promote healing with increased blood supply and preventing damage to the surface of the bone. The aim of the project seeks to analyse the behaviour of overdrilled near cortex versus both cortex screw fixation in bone fracture surgery. Finite Element (FE) analysis of the LCP and plate-bone construct were modelled and simulated the LCP model is determined to be sufficiently accurate with bending rigidity and axial stiffness within the 5% margin of error from the experiment. The aim of the project aims to project seeks to study the effect of trapezoid near cortex over-drilled holes on a plate-bone construct compared to the Figure-of-8 hole configuration and the control plate-bone construct with no over-drilled holes. Torsional rigidity, bending rigidity, axial stiffness, and axial strength was calculated from experiments. The readings will help towards the development of an accurate FEM plate-bone construct to determine the optimal size and type of over-drilled holes to reduce stiffness and accelerate the bone healing process. When compared with the Chen et al., [28] control bone construct with only both cortical locking, the trapezoid over-drilled hole have a 6.33% higher bending rigidity, 13.15% lower axial stiffness and 8.47% higher axial strength.
Association Analysis between the Deletion Mutant Allele of Claudin-16 Deficiency and Carcass Traits in Japanese Black Cattle

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

黒毛和種の常染色体性劣性遺伝性疾患であるClaudin-16 (CL-16 ) 欠損症の原因となる変異遺伝子 (原因遺伝子d ) と産肉成績との関連性についてアソシエーション解析を行った. 原因遺伝子d キャリア種雄牛3頭 (Sire-1～-3) の産子である肥育牛464頭とSire-1の産子である繁殖雌牛140頭のCL-16 遺伝子型を検査した結果, 肥育牛では正常遺伝子ホモ型 (DD ) 234頭およびキャリア (Dd ) 230頭であった. 繁殖雌牛では正常遺伝子ホモ型 (DD ) 60頭およびキャリア (Dd ) 80頭であった. 3頭のキャリア種雄牛は共通した祖先を持ち, その共通祖先牛はキャリア牛であることが確認されている. CL-16 遺伝子型と産肉成績との関連性を調べるため, CL-16 遺伝子型を要因として, 産肉成績について最小二乗分散分析を行った. 種雄牛間の変動は皮下脂肪厚を除いてすべての形質で有意であった. 性の影響は枝肉重量で, 農家についてはBMSナンバー, 枝肉重量及びバラの厚さで有意差が認められた. このように産肉成績に関与する環境要因を取り除いてもCL-16 遺伝子型の産肉成績には有意差は見られなかった. 繁殖雌牛のSire-1産子140頭の産肉形質に関する予測育種価も, 原因遺伝子d と有意に関連する結果は得られなかった (P>0.05). また, 136頭で構成されるSire-1の父方半兄弟家系を用いて連鎖解析を行ったが, CL-16 遺伝子座領域 (約30cM) は上記の形質に関する有意な連鎖は認められなかった (P>0.05). したがって, CL-16 欠損症の発症を避けるため原因遺伝子d を集団から排除しても産肉成績に影響する危険性は少ないと考えられる.
Rise of Central China Strategy and the Economic Growth of Hubei Province

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

In order to verify the economic effect of the strategy of the rise of the central region, based on the panel data of 26 provinces in China from 1994 to 2016, taking Hubei Province as an example, the author uses the synthetic control method to analyze the impact of the strategy of the rise of the central region on the economic growth of Hubei Province. The study shows that the strategy of the rise of the central region has significantly promoted the economic growth of Hubei Province, which is mainly achieved by improving the investment environment and improving the level of education.
Addressing the Challenges of Preparing Teachers to Teach about the Climate Crisis

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Teachers often lack adequate teacher preparation in knowledge and practices for engaging their students to address the climate crisis, suggesting the need for an increased focus on climate change in teacher education programs. This review of theory and research on preparing preservice teachers for addressing the climate crisis examines seven challenges facing teacher educators: (1) coping with the variation in state standards and requirements related to teaching climate change in schools, (2) providing valid knowledge and beliefs about climate change, (3) acquiring positive attitudes and self-efficacy about teaching climate change, (4) providing transdisciplinary curriculum teacher preparation, (5) addressing environmental justice issues, (6) adopting systems thinking for addressing climate change, and (7) using case-study methods for teaching about for organizing instruction around specific, local instances of climate change effects.Climate change represents a challenging predicament that requires transforming societies' systemic, status-quo practices to generate adaptation and mitigation solutions to address the climate crisis (Stibbe, 2021 Stibbe, A. (2021). Ecolinguistics: Language, ecology and the stories we live by. Routledge. [Google Scholar]). Four out of five students, ages 13–17, perceive climate change (CC) as a "crisis" or "major problem," and 6 out of 7 posit the need for change given that "human activity is causing climate change" (Males, 2019 Males, M. (2019). December 18). How youth have changed the climate movement. Yes! Magazine. Retrieved from http://ly/IR2V. [Google Scholar]). Fostering these transformations implies the need for teachers to engage students in activities to address the need for change to address the CC.
The effect of real earnings management through operating cash flow approach on company performance

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Earnings management through real activities is a numbers game with the profits made through the activities associated with operational activities. In this study, real earnings management with operating cash flow approach using proxies on firm performance indicators Return on Assets (ROA) and Tobin's Q. The sample used in this study is a manufacturing company using the sample selection criteria. The results of the regression analysis for this study indicate that real earnings management approach to operating cash flow effect on the company's performance indicators Return on Assets (ROA) and no effect on the company's performance indicators Tobin's Q.
Dangers in Safety Systems

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Reactor safety systems have failed in such a way as to destroy the reactor which they were intended to protect. Safety rods, when released, can, through malfunction, increase rather than decrease reactivity. The electronic and sensing portions of the safety system are usually arranged so that random failures may on rare occasions result in a slight impairment of protection. The total loss of protection should not in itself lead to damage to the reactor. Systematic failures have occurred however, such that the safety and control systems have become coupled either deliberately or through oversight in such a way that the loss of protection and reactor runaway have been caused by a single event.
Physarum Boats: If Plasmodium Sailed It Would Never Leave a Port

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Plasmodium of Physarum polycephalum is a single huge (visible by naked eye) cell with a myriad of nuclei. The plasmodium is a promising substrate for non‐classical, nature‐inspired computing devices. It is capable of approximation of the shortest path in a maze, computation of planar proximity graphs and plane tessellations, primitive memory and decision making. The unique properties of the plasmodium make it an ideal candidate for a role of amorphous biological robots with massive parallel information processing and distributed inputs and outputs. We show that when adhered to a lightweight object resting on a water surface the plasmodium can propel the object by oscillating its protoplasmic pseudopodia. In experimental laboratory conditions and computational experiments we study phenomenology of the plasmodium‐floater system, and possible mechanisms of controlling motion of objects propelled by on‐board plasmodium.
Imaging studies of the photodissociation of H2S+ cations. I. Illustrations of the role of nuclear spin

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Ion imaging methods have been used to study the dynamics of H2(D2) molecular elimination from H2S+(D2S+) cations following photoexcitation to the ÃA12 state in the wavelength range 300&lt;λ&lt;360nm. Ground (X̃B12) state parent ions were formed by multiphoton ionization of a jet cooled H2S(D2S) sample, resonance enhanced at the two photon energy by the v=0 level of the A21(⋯2b114pb21) Rydberg state. This Rydberg excited state predissociates sufficiently slowly that the 2+1 resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) spectrum shows resolved rovibronic structure, thereby allowing full quantum state selectivity at this intermediate stage of the cation preparation process. Analysis of the S+ ion images following one photon excitation of the resulting H2S+(D2S+) cations shows that these fragments are formed in their ground S4 state, and that the H2(D2) cofragments are formed predominantly (if not exclusively) in rotational states with either odd or even J rotational quantum number—depending on the chosen REMPI preparation wavelength. This striking specificity for forming ortho- or para-H2(D2) products can be traced back to the state selectivity introduced in the REMPI preparation step. In the case of H2S, therefore, the nuclear spin symmetry of the two equivalent H nuclei in ortho-H2S (and H2S+) carries through into ortho-H2 products, and para-H2S molecules map into para-H2 fragments, surviving photoionization of the Rydberg state, photolysis of the resulting parent cation, and two subsequent radiationless transitions during the evolution from the photoexcited (ÃA12 state) cation through to S(S4)+H2 products. We identify two distinct fragmentation pathways. One, which we term route I, involves nonadiabatic (Renner-Teller) coupling to the X̃ state at near linear configurations and subsequent (spin-orbit induced) coupling to the repulsive A24 potential energy surface (PES) at smaller bond angles. This process operates throughout the photolysis wavelength range investigated and yields rotationally “cool” and vibrationally “cold” H2 products. The second (route II) shows a long wavelength threshold λ∼335nm, and gradually becomes dominant as the photolysis wavelength is reduced. Route II dissociation involves vibronically facilitated nonadiabatic transfer from the Ã to the B̃B22 state, followed by spin-orbit induced transfer to the A24 PES; the route II fragmentation dynamics results in H2 products carrying higher levels of rotational and vibrational excitation.
Hollywood and the American Poles during the War

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

By World War II, Hollywood had a long history of ignoring the Polish population of the United States or presenting them negatively. This, in part, reflected the unenviable position the Poles occupied in American society and consciousness in the decades before World War II. The Poles were among the “new immigrants” from eastern and southern Europe who had largely displaced the previous flow of arrivals from western Europe by late in the nineteenth century. Of this group the Poles were a significant number. Among the recent immigrants, only the Italians exceeded the Poles, and not by much. The Poles were far more numerous than any other group from Eastern Europe: many times the number of Czechs, Hungarians, and Balkan Slavs, and far more than the Russians, for example. For Hollywood, American Poles were essentially negative characters.
Surface-enhanced ultrafast two-dimensional vibrational spectroscopy with engineered plasmonic nano-antennas

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Development of noble metal nanostructure substrates that provide strong near-field enhancements enables applications of linear and nonlinear infrared (IR) spectroscopies to study minute sample quantities, such as nanometer thick films and molecular monolayers. Large near-field enhancements of the electric fields used for spectroscopic interrogation of molecules at the nanostructure surface result in enhancement of the spectroscopic signatures. This enhancement scales with the nonlinear order of the method, providing particularly large signal gains for third- and fifth-order IR methods, reaching 106 and 108 raw enhancement factors, not adjusted to the amount of interrogated sample. In this perspective, we overview the advances in the development of nano-arrays of antenna-like nanostructures for mid-IR measurements and illustrate their use in linear and especially nonlinear two-dimensional IR approaches. We discuss how studies of the interaction mechanisms between light, plasmonic antennas, and molecular excitations benefit from the nonlinear two-dimensional time-resolved methods, which involve high-order scaling of the signal with the excitation field, high sensitivity to signal localization, and coherence of the excitation over a broad bandwidth. On the other hand, we demonstrate how studies of molecular structure and ultrafast dynamics by these advanced spectroscopic methods benefit from surface enhancement of signals by plasmonic antennas.
The indicators of femur mineral density according to x-ray densitometry in infants

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Метою дослідження було визначення показників мінеральної щільності стегнової кістки за даними рентгенівської денситометрії у дітей раннього віку в нормі і при дисплазії кульшового суглоба. За допомогою розробленої програмами „OsteoGraf-child” вперше були встановлені показники вікової норми мінеральної щільності губчатої речовини та кортикального шару стегнової кістки, а також визначено зміну цих показників при консервативному лікуванні дисплазії кульшового суглоба
The Intra- and Inter-rater Reliability and the Learning Curve for a Simple Neurological Score for Rats

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Results: The intra- and inter-rater agreement was determined using Cohen's weighted kappa coefficient. The intra-rater reliability was initially poor for the novice (κ [95% confidence interval], 0.31[−0.02, 0.64]), but it improved significantly after 3-week self education using the standardized video (0.81 [0.69, 0.93], showing almost perfect agreement. The reliability of the experienced researcher was good at all times ( κ=0.64, 0.76, 0.71, for week 1, 2, 3, respectively), indicating substantial agreement. The inter-rater reliability showed clear improvement after self-education (κ= 0.44, 0.69, 0.69, for week 1, 2, 3, respectively). Although the total sum score was highly reliable, some of the individual items showed lower intra-and inter-rater agreement. However, each rater showed greater within-rater variability for different subtests. Conclusion: The simple sensorimotor performance test showed high degree of intra- and inter-rater agreement when performed by experienced or properly educated raters. The inaccuracy of the novice was rectified by 3-week self-education using a video. (Brain & NeuroRehabilitation 2016; 9: 31-36)
Relation Between Lighting Conditions and the Subject's Concentration Levels

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

We compared the concentration levels of subjects under several lighting conditions in which the ratio of the task illuminance to the ambient illuminance was varied.In order to evaluate the subjects' levels of concentration, subjective appraisals and measurements of the subjects' lambda responses (one of the brain's responses) were carried out. The results showed a close correlation between the subjective appraisals and the measured lambda responses.We found that lighting in which the ratio of the ambient illuminance to the task illuminance was from 0.02 to 0.3 provided the optimum conditions for concentration.
Measurement Decisions for Clinical Assessment of Limb Volume Changes in Patients With Bilateral and Unilateral Limb Edema

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background and Purpose Therapy-related changes in limb volumes often are estimated using summated segmental volumes based on adjacent circumference measurements. The purposes of this study were: (1) to determine the effect of different segment lengths on calculated volume reductions after complete decongestive therapy and (2) to determine the effect of excluding posttherapy control limb volumes on calculated reductions in edema volume in patients with unilateral limb lymphedema. Subjects This two-part retrospective study was conducted using data from patients with bilateral leg lymphedema (n=70) and data from patients with unilateral arm lymphedema (n=75) and patients with unilateral leg lymphedema (n=45). Methods For the bilateral leg lymphedema group, pretreatment to posttreatment changes in limb volume were determined using segment lengths of 4, 8, and 12 cm. For the unilateral lymphedema group, pretreatment to posttreatment changes in edema volume were determined and compared using or not using posttreatment control limb volumes. Results Bilateral leg volume changes were similar for all segment lengths but not significantly different from each other. Unilateral edema volume changes were significantly overestimated in both arms and legs when posttherapy control limb volumes were not used. Discussion and Conclusion The results indicate that segment lengths of 4 cm generally are not needed to obtain adequate estimates of leg volume changes. Both limb volumes should be measured to properly assess therapeutic outcomes in patients with unilateral limb lymphedema.
MP2RAGEME: T1, T2*, and QSM mapping in one sequence at 7 tesla

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging generates images of meaningful physical or chemical variables measured in physical units that allow quantitative comparisons between tissue regions and among subjects scanned at the same or different sites. Here, we show that we can acquire quantitative T 1 , T 2 * , and quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) information in a single acquisition, using a multi‐echo (ME) extension of the second gradient‐echo image of the MP2RAGE sequence. This combination is called MP2RAGE ME, or MP2RAGEME. The simultaneous acquisition results in large time savings, perfectly coregistered data, and minimal image quality differences compared to separately acquired data. Following a correction for residual transmit B 1 + ‐sensitivity, quantitative T 1 , T 2 * , and QSM values were in excellent agreement with those obtained from separately acquired, also B 1 + ‐corrected, MP2RAGE data and ME gradient echo data. The quantitative values from reference regions of interests were also in very good correspondence with literature values. From the MP2RAGEME data, we further derived a multiparametric cortical parcellation, as well as a combined arterial and venous map. In sum, our MP2RAGEME sequence has the benefit in large time savings, perfectly coregistered data and minor image quality differences.
Building Ships, Building a Nation: Korea's Democratic Unionism Under Park Chung Hee

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Acknowledgments Introduction PART I: THE LEGACIES OF COLONIALISM AND THE EARLY COLD WAR YEARS1 Worker Militancy in the Postwar Years2 Anticommunism, Labor Rights, and Organized Labor: The Early 1950s PART II: THE EMERGENCE OF A DEMOCRAT IC UNION3 KSEC Workers in the 1950s4 The KSEC Union in the Political Upheavals of 1960-615 Consolidation of a Democratic Union6 Rationalization and Resistance PART III: DEVELOPMENT OVER DEMOCRACY7 Development versus Democracy: The Late 1960s8 Privatization and the Suppression of Labor, 1968-699 Shipbuilding Workers under Authoritarian Rule: The 1970s10 Shipbuilding for the World Market and Resurging Labor Militancy APPENDIX A: The KSEC Union Archive Document File List, 1960-79APPENDIX B: The Labor Charter of 1948APPENDIX C: A Comparison of Two Contracts, 1968 and 1971NotesBibliographyIndex
Laboratory evaluation of feeding deterrent from root extracts of Mucuna pruriens (Fabaceae) against the desert and the migratory locusts

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Crude ethanolic root- extracts of Mucuna pruriens (Fabaceae), a wild plant traditionally used in western Sudan for its pesticide properties, were tested under nochoice condition against the Migratory Locust, Locusta migratoria L. and the Desert Locust, Schistocerca gregaria Forskal (Orthoptera: Acrididae). In this test, locusts were used to investigate the feeding inhibitory action of the extracts of Mucuna. This work was carried out at CIRAD-Prifas Laboratories in Montpellier, France. The trials were conducted on 7+1 day-old adults of each of the two locust species separately. A piece of filter paper 1x2 cm in dia. was submerged for 30 sec. in 10% sugar solution, allowed to dry, and then held on crocodile clip fixed in a test tube plastic stopper. Sugar was used to stimulate feeding. Volumes of 20ul of Mucuna extracts and increased up to 100g/l were applied on the filter paper in the form of droplets by means a Packard microapplicator fitted with glass micro syringe of l ml capacity. The treated filter paper was dried under room conditions for one hour. The locust in the test tube has access to feed, but not to walk in the filter paper. Each test was conducted on 30-33 individuals; each individual was considered as a replicate. Data were collected on the basis of acceptance or rejection of feeding on the filter paper every hour for the first 6h, then after 24h. and 48h. Equivalent number of replicates were made for the respective locusts to serve as control by applying a 20ul of the solvent on the filter paper. The tested extracts showed more antifeedant effects on the Migratory Locust than on the Desert Locust. (Texte intégral)
Enhancing UAV capabilities for Object Picking: A flying Manipulator with Stiffness Control

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have gained widespread popularity in various applications. However, their physical interaction capabilities, especially object picking, remain a challenge. This paper presents the system overview of a novel flying manipulator, combining a quadrotor platform with a direct-drive gripper. The study examines the viability of high-speed scooping based on stiffness control with a flying manipulator. By leveraging stiffness control, the gripper offers a significant advantage over rigid grippers by avoiding large contact forces that may destabilize the flying platform. This enables efficient and reliable retrieval of flat objects from the ground without the need for overly cautious maneuvers. Successful results are demonstrated, showcasing the practicality and effectiveness of the gripper-drone integration for physical interactions. This development opens avenues for further advancements in UAV capabilities and expands their potential for real-world applications.