jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A Problem-Based Learning Discussion Concerning Management of Perioperative Anaphylaxis to Glucocorticoids or “And What Do You Take for That Allergy?”

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract At our institution, we developed a problem-based learning discussion (PBLD) module to teach our trainees about allergy and anaphylaxis. This resource is meant to be used in a small-group session, in which a moderator leads the group through a discussion of the clinical case and guides them through the questions contained within. Ideally, participants should be provided with the resource file well before this session, so that they may become familiar with the case, the questions, and the model discussion. The session should last approximately 1 hour. This PBLD will help learners understand the pathophysiology and treatment of anaphylaxis, as well as familiarize them with allergy to agents not typically thought of as being allergenic. It has been highly reviewed by both residents at our local institution, and by attending physicians who participated at the American Society of Anesthesiologists annual conference. Learners in both groups appreciated an improvement in their knowledge base about allergy, anaphylaxis, and the intraoperative management thereof. They stated that this pathology is a common concern in their practice, and that this session helped them to structure their thinking about responding to anaphylaxis.
SUBJECTIVE EVALUATION AND PUBLIC PARTICIPATION

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In the Netherlands, a lot of attention has been paid to public participation and feelings of safety.Especially in residential areas it is felt that people should have a say in the reconstructions that are carried out in their own neighbourhood.Furthermore it was argued that the residents can add valuable information to the scarce statistical data about accidents. Although feelings and opinions about traffic safety as such are an aspect of quality of the traffic system they can hardly be used to evaluate traffic safety as such.
Film‐enclosed Greenhouses

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Film-enclosed greenhouses cost much less than greenhouses enclosed by rigid transparent panels. The kind of polyethylene used for producing greenhouse films is low-density polyethylene. The fact that polyethylene films are partially transparent to thermal radiation derives from their thinness. There are many kinds of films alternative to polyethylene ones: acrylic films, polyester films and PVC films. The transparent films should be installed so as to be in tension, and should be kept in tension for all their lifetime. A specific requirement in polyethylene-enclosed wooden greenhouses is that the edges of the frame components are smooth and rounded. Greenhouses for hot climates – like tropical and subtropical climates – have a purpose that is partially different from that of greenhouses for temperate and cold climates. These greenhouses can be useful in situations where the advantage of the environmental control allowed by a greenhouse outweighs the drawbacks.
Book Reviews

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Books review in this article: Principles of Meat Science. By J. C. Forrest, E. D. A berle , H. B. H edrik , M. D. J udge and R. A. M erkel Fish and Shellfish Processing: Food Technology Review No. 22. By M. T. G illies Food Process Engineering. By H. A. L eniger and W. A. B everloo Seiyù Roku: On Oil Manufacturing. By O kura N agatsune (translation from the nineteenth century Japanese text by Eiko Ariga) Fruit and Vegetable Juice Processing: Food Technology Review No. 21. By J. K. P aul. Practical Meat Inspection, 2nd edn. By A ndrew W ilson
Strains of Mice Modeling Four Types of Waardenburg Syndrome

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Waardenburg syndrome (WS) is an auditory-pigmentary syndrome associated with deafness and iris/hair/skin pigmentation anomaly. Depending on various other symptoms, WS is classified into four types: WS type 1 (WS1), WS2, WS3 and WS4. While WS2 is not associated with any additional symptoms, WS1, WS2 and WS4 are associated with, respectively, distopia canthorum (wide distance between inner canthi of eyes), upper limb deformity, and Hirschsprung disease (aganglionic megacolon) . Thanks to the existence of mouse models, many WS genes have been identified: Genomic analysis of splotch (sp) mice, for example, resulted in identification of the Pax-3 gene, whose human homolog was later found mutated in WS1 and WS3 individuals. Similarly, analysis of VGA-9 mice, which have an insertional mutation at microphthalmia locus, identified the Mitf (microphthalmia-associated transcription factor) gene, and later mutation of its human homolog was found in WS2 individuals. Cochleas of VGA-9 mice showed cochleo-saccular degeneration due to lack of melanocytes (intermediate cells) in stria vascularis. Since MITF mutations have been found in only -15% of WS2 individuals, other genes probably are also play a part: One possibility is that mutations of genes responsible for other types of WS also cause WS2 owning to, for example, differences in genetic backgrounds. This hypothesis should be testable using mouse models of WS.We recently reported mutant mice with white coat color that die around one month after birth due to aganglionic megacolon. Breeding analyses of these mice revealed that these mice were allelic with piebald-lethal and JF1 mice but not with lethal spotting mice, indicating that they are mutated in Ednrb (the endothelin receptor gene B), whose human homolog is mutated in WS4 individuals. Genomic analysis did, in fact, revealed that exons 2 and 3 of Ednrb are deleted. These mice did not respond to sound, and their cochleas showed changes similar to VGA-9 mice: Stria vascularis lacked melanocytes and hair cells of the organ of Corti showed severe degeneration. We therefore proposed these mice as mouse model of WS4 and named them WS4 mice. Lethal-spotting (ls) mice are mutated in the endothelin-3 gene (Edn3), and Dominant megacolon (Dom) mice are mutated in Sox10: Both showed white spotting and aganglionic megacolon, and thus are good candidate for WS4 models. Disorder of cochleas of these mice, however, remains to be confirmed.
Filling Process Optimization of a Fully Flexible Machine through Computer Simulation and Advanced Mathematical Modeling

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

It is possible to optimize the yogurt and flavor filling process through a fully flexible machine that can accommodate different types of yogurt and flavors, allowing for rapid adjustment of filling parameters such as volume, speed, and feed rate. Previously, researchers focused on developing a yogurt filling machine and presented their findings across varied machine configurations. The contribution of this study comprises two key elements: configuring the machine to achieve full flexibility, wherein yogurt and any flavor can be filled at any designated filling station, and devising a novel mathematical model to optimize the newly configured machine settings. A real-life problem within the context of yogurt filling has been solved using the proposed model and results have been compared with the previously published models. It has been found that the proposed model for the fully flexible machine settings outperformed the previously published models, achieving a significant margin of improvement.
Data Processing and Accuracy Verification of an Airborne Large-Footprint Laser Altimeter

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

On December 25, 2017, the National Forestry and Grassland Administration and several scientific research institutes carried out an airborne large spot laser altimetry test in the Xiangxi District of Hunan Province. In this paper, the data processing technologies of laser altimetry were first detailed, and then laser altimetry data error sources were analyzed according to the work flow of the laser altimetry system. Finally, the following experiment was performed: Spots with large errors in the test area were removed, and 45 laser points in flat areas were selected for an accuracy verification test. Next, 100 laser points were selected in the buildings area for a precision verification test. Finally, 6 laser points were randomly selected to compare the relative height extracted from the waveform data with the buildings' measured heights. Study results showed that laser height measurements were very accurate in flat areas and that the extraction method for relative heights from the waveform data was correct and effective.
Is the change in Body Mass Index among youth newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus associated with obesity at age 18?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background: Patients diagnosed with Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) require insulin therapy. Although necessary, insulin therapy is associated with an immediate increase in Body Mass Index (BMI). Excessive increase in BMI may lead to obesity, which is associated with both short and long-term negative health outcomes. The objective of this study was to determine whether weight change in the six months after diagnosis in children and adolescents with T1DM is related to obesity status at age 18. Methods: Data from the Diabetes Education Resource for Children and Adolescents database was used for this study. This unique database combines extensive clinical information on each patient with virtually universal coverage. The study population comprised all children 2-18 years old diagnosed with T1DM by DER-CA endocrinologists in Manitoba between 1997 and 2012 (N=377). BMI z- scores calculated from measured height and weight were used to classify BMI group membership using the 2000 Centers for Disease Control growth charts. Regression models were used to assess the association between change in BMI z-score six months after diagnosis, and BMI z-score at last visit prior to transfer to adult care. The models controlled for BMI z-score at diagnosis, sex, pubertal status and length of follow up. Additional stratified analyses examined sub-groups within the sample, to determine whether the effects were different for children with different characteristics (e.g. sex and pubertal status at diagnosis). Results: At diagnosis, 9% of the study cohort was underweight, 68% normal weight, 15% overweight and 8% obese. Most, (91%) but not all patients gained weight in the six months after T1DM diagnosis and initiation of insulin therapy. The pattern of weight change differed by BMI group at diagnosis, sex, and pubertal status. At last visit, average BMI z-scores for all groups of patients were above zero, and varied less than BMI z-scores at diagnosis. Results of the multivariate analytic model (adjusted R2= 0.56) show that BMI z-score at diagnosis was most important, followed by female sex, change in BMI z-score in the six months after diagnosis, the interaction between BMI z-score at diagnosis and change in BMI z-score in the six months after diagnosis, and duration of follow up. Conclusion: Results of this study demonstrate that patients’ BMI group, sex, and pubertal status at diagnosis influenced the pattern of their BMI z-score change in the six months after diagnosis, and thereafter. Diabetic care teams may need to monitor not only the amount of weight change in the period after T1DM diagnosis, but also consider BMI at diagnosis.
[A case of HTLV-1-associated bronchiolitis with Sjögren's syndrome].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A 58-year-old woman was admitted because of bilateral diffuse nodular shadows on chest radiograph. Video-assisted thoracoscopic lung biopsy specimens showed marked lymphocytic infiltration into the bronchiolar wall. HTLV-1 antibody was examined because the patient's parents were born in Okinawa Prefecture. The patient turned out to be an adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma (ATLL) carrier with positive HTLV-1 antibody. Therefore, HTLV-1 associated bronchiolitis was diagnosed. Although no dry symptoms appeared, it became clear by the saxon test that she was also complicated with Sjögren syndrome. Generally, it is reported that there is coherence with HTLV-1 infection and Sjögren syndrome. So the HTLV-1 infection might have accounted for the pathogenesis of these three disorders (HTLV-1 infection, bronchiolitis, Sjögren syndrome).
[The intraoperative diagnosis of cardiomyocyte damage].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The morphology of myocardial biopsies taken in the course of the operative valve prosthesis is studied light and electron microscopically with the use of the fuchsinorrhagic index and tracer test. The dynamics and morphogenesis of cardiomyocyte injury depend upon their initial state. The myocardial changes characteristic of mitral valvular disease progress during the cardiac arrest. Besides that, observed the destabilization of membrane systems, tracer penetration of the injured cells and inner organelles, the fall of redox potential of mitochondria, the disturbance of the acidic hydrolases compartmentalization, the accumulation of multilamellar bodies indicating the membrane alteration. The combination of these changes determines the myocardial contractility in the period of rehabilitation and raises the risk during the prolonged operations. The suggested tests simultaneously give structural and metabolic estimation of the cardiomyocyte organelles in respect to the prognosis of irreversible injuries.
Genomic landscape of lymphoepithelioma‐like hepatocellular carcinoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Lymphoepithelioma‐like hepatocellular carcinoma (LEL‐HCC) is a distinct variant of HCC that is characterized by dense tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). Patients with LEL‐HCC also show better clinical outcomes compared to conventional HCC (c‐HCC), which is commonly presented with low TIL. Emerging evidence has begun to highlight tumor‐intrinsic genetic abnormalities in the tumor–host immune interfaces. However, genome‐wide characterization of LEL‐HCC remains largely unexplored. Here, we defined the genomic landscape of 12 LEL‐HCC using whole‐exome sequencing, and further underpinned those genetic alterations related to an immune active microenvironment by comparing findings to 15 c‐HCC that were sequenced in parallel. Overall, the mutational load between LEL‐HCC and c‐HCC was similar. Interestingly, SNV incidences of specific genes ( CTNNB1 , AXIN1 , NOTCH1 , and NOTCH2 ) were significantly higher in c‐HCC than LEL‐HCC, suggesting a plausible link between activated Wnt/β‐catenin and Notch signaling pathways and immune avoidance. Marked focal amplification of chromosome 11q13.3 was prevalent in LEL‐HCC. Using The Cancer Genome Atlas dataset, we further established oncogenes expressed from chromosome 11q13.3 ( CCND1 , FGF19 , and FGF4 ) to be strongly associated with the immune checkpoint signature ( CD274 , PDCD1 , BTLA , CTLA4 , HAVCR2 , IDO1 , and LAG3 ). Our results have illustrated for the first time the somatic landscape of LEL‐HCC, and highlighted molecular alterations that could be exploited in combinatory therapy with checkpoint inhibitors in targeting HCC. © 2019 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Screening the Older for Abuse

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Many countries are developing instruments to help prevent and recognize violence against the older. In the area of older abuse and its consequences, different screening methods have been developed and adapted to the country in which they are applied. Professionals are often not trained to detect signs of abuse, much less screen for the same, and therefore need continuous training in geriatrics and geriatric medicine. In order to draw attention to the older in the near future, specific measures should be prescribed not only within the framework of current legal regulations and bylaws, but also through guidelines, guides and other professional documents (soft-law), to be taken by state bodies, non-governmental organizations and other actors, for the purpose of screening violence, prevention of violence against the older, treatment of the older who have been subjected to violence and measures against its perpetrators, including forensics in cases of violence against the older. Instruments for organized screening for violence should be introduced in all sectors, but especially in the health and social care sectors, because primary health care and social work centers, in fact, are the gateway to the health and social system and make initial contact with service users, including the older.
Perfusion Model Approximation in Cerebral Tumours: Feature Images and Computation Times

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Ultrasound contrast imaging can be used to visualize tumours due to changes in the local perfusion.Quantitative analysis of the data may establish features usable for classification of the scanned tissue.In this work we approximate model functions for the contrast agent concentration time course of every pixel, while reducing computation times by means of parallel computing, enabeling generation of feature images on the basis of model parameters in acceptable times for a clinical application.
Variation in bushcricket nuptial gifts may be due to common ancestry rather than ecology as taxonomy and diet are almost perfectly confounded

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Journal Article Variation in bushcricket nuptial gifts may be due to common ancestry rather than ecology as taxonomy and diet are almost perfectly confounded Get access Darryl T. Gwynne Darryl T. Gwynne Department of Zoology, Erindale Campus, University of TorontoMississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Behavioral Ecology, Volume 6, Issue 4, Autumn 1995, Page 458, https://doi.org/10.1093/beheco/6.4.458 Published: 01 October 1995 Article history Received: 14 November 1994 Accepted: 01 December 1994 Published: 01 October 1995
Developing Culturally and Structurally Responsive Approaches to STEM Education to Advance Education Equity

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Numerous structural and cultural barriers exist that contribute to the underrepresentation of Black/African American students in STEM disciplines and careers. This article explores how structural and cultural barriers operate to impact Black/African American students’ pursuit of STEM education and STEM careers. The authors describe structurally and culturally responsive frameworks that may address these barriers and provide specific recommendations to increase education equity and representation of Black/African American students in STEM careers.
Joint Exit Selection and Offloading Decision for Applications Based on Deep Neural Networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

User applications based on the deep neural networks (DNNs), such as object or anomaly detection, image recognition, or language processing, running on computation- and energy-constrained user equipment (UE) can be partially or fully processed in the edge computing servers to reduce a processing time and save an energy in the UE. To further reduce the processing time and the UE's energy consumption, DNN with multiple exit points can be incorporated. In this article, we address the problem of the decision on whether the computation should be offloaded from the UE to the edge computing server or processed locally by the UE and we solve this problem jointly and "on-the-fly" together with DNN exit selection. Since the formulated problem is very complex, we exploit the deep deterministic policy gradient for the exit selection and the offloading decisions (labeled DDPG-EOD) for the DNN-based applications. To this end, we first convert the problem into the Markov decision process, and then, we employ an end-to-end learning via DDPG with the actor-critic architecture. Second, we use a knowledge distillation-based technique to efficiently select the DNN's exit to minimize the delay and energy consumption. Simulation results show that the proposal is highly scalable, converges very quickly, and surpasses the best performing state-of-the-art approach by up to 120% and 100% in terms of the overall DNN processing delay and the energy consumption, respectively.
Correlation and Path Coefficiant Analysis for Quantitative Traits in Greengram [Vigna radiate (L.) Wilczek]

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Genetic variability, correlation coefficient and path coefficients analysis were carried outin a set of 20 genotypes of Greengram grown in an randomized block design with three replications during kharif- 2021. Analysis of variance indicated significant difference among genotypes for the characters plant height (cm), biological yield(g), seed index(g), number of clusters per plant, days to 50 percent flowering. This indicated existence of variability among the genotype.The high estimates of heritability and genetic advance were found for the characters plant height, number of primary branches per plant. The highest percentage of PCV was observed for number of primary branches per plant and number of pods per plant. The GCV was highest for number of primary branches per plant. The association analysis revealed that the seed yield per plant exhibited positive and significant correlation with number of clusters per plant, seed index, biological yield, number of primary branches, pod length, harvest index and number of pods per plant. Path coefficient analysis revealed that number of clusters per plant followed by seed index (g), biological yield, primary branches, pod length, harvest index, number of seeds per pod, number of pods per plant were effective for the selection of high yielding genotype as they exhibited high positive direct effect along with significant positive correlation with seed yield. Based on the mean performance of the SML-668, PANT MOONG-05, BPMR-145, CO-7, BM 2002-1 were found superior in seed yield. These may be used as parents in crop improvement programs to develop high yielding varieties.
Think Smart, Play Dumb: Analyzing Deception in Hardware Trojan Detection Using Game Theory

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In recent years, integrated circuits (ICs) have become<br>significant for various industries and their security has<br>been given greater priority, specifically in the supply chain.<br>Budgetary constraints have compelled IC designers to offshore manufacturing to third-party companies. When the designer gets the manufactured ICs back, it is imperative to test for potential threats like hardware trojans (HT). In this paper, a novel multilevel game-theoretic framework is introduced to analyze the interactions between a malicious IC manufacturer and the tester. In particular, the game is formulated as a non-cooperative, zerosum, repeated game using prospect theory (PT) that captures different players’ rationalities under uncertainty. The repeated game is separated into a learning stage, in which the defender<br><div>learns about the attacker’s tendencies, and an actual game stage, where this learning is used. Experiments show great incentive for the attacker to deceive the defender about their actual rationality by “playing dumb” in the learning stage (deception). This scenario is captured using hypergame theory to model the attacker’s view of the game. The optimal deception rationality of the attacker is analytically derived to maximize utility gain. For the defender, a first-step deception mitigation process is proposed to thwart the effects of deception. Simulation results show that the attacker can profit from the deception as it can successfully insert HTs in the manufactured ICs without being detected.</div><div><br></div><div>This paper has been accepted for publication in <b>IEEE Cyber Science Conference 2020</b><br></div>