jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Coffee and pregnancy:The influence of caffeine on the fetus

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Coffee consumption in Denmark is high also among pregnant women and it is presumably their main source of caffeine intake. Coffee or caffeine intake during pregnancy has been linked to adverse pregnancy outcomes such as spontaneous abortion, stillbirth and reduced fetal growth. However a review of the literature indicates that further studies are needed to test the hypothesis of an effect of coffee or caffeine on the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes.The aim of the thesis was to study the relation between coffee and the risk of fetal death and the relation between caffeine intake and mean birth weight. Based on data from the Danish National Birth Cohort we evaluated the association between coffee intake and fetal death in 88,482 pregnant women who participated in a comprehensive interview during second trimester. Information about fetal death was obtained from registries and medical records. We found a dose-response-like association between coffee intake and the risk of fetal death. Furthermore, we observed that women who consumed four or more cups of coffee per day had a higher risk of stillbirths due to placental dysfunction compared to non-consumers. We evaluated the effect of caffeine on mean birth weight and gestational age in a randomised controlled double-blinded trial with 1,207 women randomised to either caffeinated or decaffeinated instant coffee. We found no difference in mean birth weight or gestational age between children of mothers randomised to caffeinated or women randomised to decaffeinated coffee. Women who smoked more than 10 cigarettes per day and were randomised to caffeinated coffee gave birth to children with an average adjusted birth weight of 263 gram (95 % CI: 97,430) less than women randomised to decaffeinated coffee. In a nested case non-case study in DNBC with 141 cases (stillbirth) and 157 controls (singleton live birth) we examined if slow metabolisers of caffeine had higher risk of stillbirth and whether genotype related to oxidative stress was associated with the risk of stillbirth. Slow metabolisers of caffeine had no higher risk of stillbirth at any level of coffee intake and women with genotypes related to low activity of GSTA1 had no statistically significant higher risk of stillbirth. Women, who possessed the slow CYP1A2, the slow NAT2 and the low GSTA1 in combination, had twice the risk of stillbirth compared to other combinations of genotypes (adjusted OR=2.02 95 % CI: 1.04-3.89).
Effect of nickel ions on spontaneous, electrically and norepinephrine stimulated isometric contractions in the isolated portal vein of the rat.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The effect of low concentrations (1-10 microM) of nickel (Ni2+) was studied on the spontaneous contractile activity of isolated rat portal vein preparations. To distinguish between presynaptic and postsynaptic actions, Ni2+-induced changes of isometric force development evoked either by electrical field stimulation (80V/5 cm; 1 msec; 1-32 Hz) or by exogenous norepinephrine (NE) were compared. Ni2+ inhibited spontaneous isometric force development, decreased basal tone but significantly increased the frequency of contractions. The experimental findings that inhibition of the effect of selective stimulation of adrenergic nerves was significantly more pronounced than the depression of contractions evoked by exogenous norepinephrine indicate that in addition to postsynaptic actions, Ni2+ influences presynaptic mechanisms (i.e. NE-release) in this vessel preparation.
Wyner–Ziv Video Coding With Universal Prediction

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The coding efficiency of a Wyner-Ziv video codec relies significantly on the quality of side information extracted at the decoder. The construction of efficient side information is difficult thanks in part to the fact that the original video sequence is not available at the decoder. Conventional motion search methods are widely used in the Wyner-Ziv video decoder to extract the side information. This substantially increases the Wyner-Ziv video decoding complexity. In this paper, we propose a new method to construct side estimation based on the idea of universal prediction. This method, referred to as Wyner-Ziv video coding with universal prediction (WZUP), does not perform motion search or assume an underlying model of the original input video sequences at the decoder. Instead, WZUP estimates the side information based on its observations on the past reconstructed video data. We show that WZUP can significantly reduce decoding complexity at the decoder and achieve a fair side estimation performance, thus making it possible to design both the video encoder and the decoder with low computational complexity
Combination of Panax ginseng and Diospyros kaki Leaf Inhibits White Adipocyte Differentiation and Browning Process through AMP-Activated Protein Kinase (AMPK) Activation In Vitro and In Vivo

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Activating brown adipose tissue (BAT) and stimulating white adipose tissue (WAT) browning is a prospective obesity treatment method. Dietary components derived from plants are the most effective approach to activate BAT and promote WAT browning in rodents. This study investigated the synergistic effects of Panax ginseng (PG) and Diospyros kaki leaf (DKL) extract on adipocyte differentiation and browning, as well as the molecular mechanism underlying their beneficial effects. The administration of PG and DKL to HFD-induced obese mice significantly decreased body weight and epididymal and abdominal adipose tissue mass. In in vitro, PG inhibited the adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 adipocytes by regulating the expression of key adipogenic regulators, such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP)-α. In contrast, DKL negligibly influenced the adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 adipocytes but greatly increased the protein expression of UCP-1, PGC-1α, and PPARα in BAT and/or WAT. Moreover, PG and DKL inhibited adipogenesis synergistically and activated white adipocyte browning via AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) pathways. These results suggest that a combination of PG and DKL regulates adipogenesis in white adipocytes and browning in brown adipocytes by activating AMPK/SIRT1 axis. The potential use of PG and DKL may represent an important strategy in obesity management that will be safer and more effective.
The Application of BOT Model in China's Urban Infrastructure Construction

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

China's urban infrastructure construction has serious shortage of funds and inefficient operation,which has aserious impediment to urban economic development.While speeding up the construction of urban infrastructure,wemust broaden the investment and financing channels.BOT model is the one of the best choices.However,China's urbaninfrastructure also has many problems.Urban infrastructure construction projects have to take measures in the processof using BOT model.
Measuring Patent Similarity Based on Text Mining and Image Recognition

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Patent application is one of the important ways to protect innovation achievements that have great commercial value for enterprises; it is the initial step for enterprises to set the business development track, as well as a powerful means to protect their core competitiveness. The emergence of a large amount of patent data makes the effective detection of patent data difficult, and patent infringement cases occur frequently. Manual measurement in patent detection is slow, costly, and subjective, and can only play an auxiliary role in measuring the validity of patents. Protecting the inventive achievements of patent holders and realizing more accurate and effective patent detection were the issues explored by academics. There are five main methods to measure patent similarity: clustering-based method, vector space model (VSM)-based method, subject–action–object (SAO) structure-based method, deep learning-based method, and patent structure-based method. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a calculation method to fuse the similarity of patent text and image. Firstly, the SAO structure extraction technique is used for the patent text to obtain the effective content of the text, and the SAO structure is compared for similarity; secondly, the patent image information is extracted and compared; finally, the patent similarity is obtained by fusing the two aspects of information. The feasibility and effectiveness of the scheme are proven by studying a large number of patent similarity cases in the field of mechanical structures.
The system of the criminal law

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper attempts to analyse the extent to which elements of the criminal law admit uniform definition across offences, and the implications of that question. That debate contributes to recent scholarship on the scope, purpose and content of the general part. I argue that there are elements which can be defined uniformly, elements which cannot be defined uniformly and elements which, although they are subject to variation depending on offence context, ought to be considered in general by the courts. The considerations that are important in thinking about uniformity are outlined in each of these cases. This has implications for the way in which we think about the general part. Generality is a question of both degree and kind. Consequently, the scope, purpose and content of the general part are more complex than has previously been thought. In the final section I sketch some of the implications that this analysis of the general part might have for methodology generally and, in particular, for social theory.
The Spiritual Connection: Ruminations and Curiosities from a Dance Artist

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract The article discusses choreographer Liz Lerman's work with clergy, faith practitioners, and communities in the merging of religious themes with dance. Throughout the article, Lerman raises questions and provides answers that address her investigation of the power of creativity, prayer, ritual and performance, as well as artistry, spirituality, and leadership. Her article is a reflection of over 15 years of work in religious settings, contributing to her life-long career of engaging art through community and community through art. The essay addresses workshops and performances led by Lerman that ultimately have provided people with the tools to access the meaningful issues of their lives.
Spatial remapping deficits in patients with right parietal lesions

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The integrity of spatial remapping as a prerequisite for establishing a spatio-temporal contingency between successive visual images is indicated e.g. by location-based facilitatory and inhibitory priming in visual pop-out search (Maljkovic & Nakayama, 1996). It has been suggested that spatial remapping deficits occur in patients with parietal lesions, and furthermore that these deficits might contribute to visual search impairments exhibited by these patients (Pisella & Mattingley, 2004).
Post exposure management of animal bite cases attending a primary health center of Delhi.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Rabies is an ancient disease of mankind. Every year 4 million people are exposed worldwide after animal bite and around 60000 fell victim to the rabies of which more than 95% of cases are bitten by the dogs. Rabies is a disease associated with many myths. The present study was conducted to find out the clinical profile of the animal bite cases including the common practices, precautions adopted by them after animal bite and lastly the extent and completion of post exposure treatment. Total 147 cases of animal bites attended the OPD during the study. In present study, 123 (83.7%) cases were bitten by dogs, followed by monkey (8.2%) and cat (8.2%). Majority (54.4%) suffered class II bites followed by class I (31.3%) and class III bite (14.3%). Of the total 147 cases, 116 cases (78.9%) completed post exposure prophylaxis which was observed higher among male and in younger age group.
Trisomy 22 Mosaicism and Normal Developmental Outcome: Report of Two Patients and Review of the Literature

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Mosaic trisomy 22 is known to be compatible with life. However, there are fewer than 20 reports in the literature of live born children and even fewer reports describing their neurodevelopmental outcome. We report on two girls with mosaic trisomy 22 and normal development at ages 7 and 5 years. Both girls had characteristic dysmorphic features including flat nasal bridge, preauricular pits, epicanthic folds, and 5th finger clinodactyly. They also had left‐sided hemihyperplasia and short stature. In addition, one of them also had ventricular non‐compaction and probable asplenia, two unique features not previously reported. In review of the literature, prenatal and postnatal growth failures were the most common complications of mosaic trisomy 22. Skeletal abnormalities including body asymmetry and 5th finger clinodactyly were also common. While the majority of patients with mosaic trisomy 22 had abnormal cognitive development, normal development has also been documented. It is conceivable that children with trisomy 22 mosaicism, with minimal physical findings and normal development are under diagnosed. Our patients further highlight this potential for normal cognitive outcome and draw attention to possible skewing of unfavorable prognosis for the final developmental outcome in this population. Appropriate information regarding developmental outcome is critical for genetic counseling, especially in prenatal situations. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Correlations of Growth Characters with Yield and Quality in Kew Pineapple, Ananas Comosus (L.) Merr.*

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A study, was carried out in order to determine the association and relationship of leaf number, leaf size, sucker and slip number and crown size with fruit weight, quality and the earlines of crop, and thereby to provide a basis for forecasting the yield and quality of Kew pineapple. It was found that the increases in leaf number one year after planting and the sucker number in a plant, resulted in increased fruit weight, while increase in the leaf number both one year after planting and at flowering, and the potential leaf size index resulted in increased T. S. S. content of the juice. Increase in the number of slips developing on a plant retarded the fruit maturity.
Granular Flow Models: Analysis and Numerical Simulations

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We study elastoplastic transitions in solutions of the antiplane shear model of granular flow, and describe a time-periodic solution that arises when the antiplane shear model is discretized in space. The antiplane shear model is a simplification of the continuum equations representing the flow of granular materials. The modeling of granular flow has many applications, from agricultural silos to geomechanics: improved accuracy in modeling will lead to safer and more economical designs for silos and industrial hoppers, and make oil drilling a more efficient process.\n\nWe construct approximate solutions to the antiplane shear model with piecewise linear initial data, which feature transitions between elastic and plastic states. These transitions travel with fixed speed. Numerical simulations demonstrate that the same elastoplastic transitions are the prominent features of the numerical solution.\n\nThe periodic solution of discretized antiplane shear appears at a critical value of the elasticity parameter for antiplane shear. The bifurcation to a periodic solution appears to be a Hopf bifurcation. The periodic solution contains elastoplastic transitions, as well as a shear band that appears over part of the period. Away from the shear band, the periodic solution has four distinct regions, three elastic and one plastic. Refinement of the spatial discretization further resolves these states.
Structure of terphenyldiol dibenzoate

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

C 32 H 22 O 4 cristallise dans P2 1 2 1 2 1 avec a = 6,720, b = 11,618 et c = 30,452 A, Z = 4; affinement jusqu'a R = 0,0558. La molecule est symetrique avec les groupes phenyl non planaires.
Comparative analysis of biological indicators and species composition of ichthyofauna of the northern part of the Agrakhan Bay

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The northern part of the Agrakhan Bay plays a major role in restoration of commercial fish stocks in the Tersko-Caspian region of the Republic of Dagestan. Here the natural bioresources of anadromous, semi-anadromous, non-migratory and lake-river fish species are being reproduced, and up to 600 million young fish species are being replenished annually. The article presents comparative data on the current state of natural reproduction of the main fish species, qualitative and quantitative changes in the structure of ichthyofauna that have occurred in this bay. As a result of this study, it has been determined that commercial species such as Caspian kutum, wels catfish, asp and vimba vimba have practically disappeared in the northern part of the bay, while the age and size-weight parameters of other fish species have increased. The reason for this situation is primarily the unfavourable hydrological regime during the spring-summer floods, which does not meet the necessary requirements for fish reproduction.
Rawlsian and Deleuzian Versions of the Imaginary Domain: A Comparison

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

ABSTRACT Are Drucilla Cornell's goals of protecting “minimum conditions for individuation” by orienting feminist theory around a notion of personhood equipped with an “imaginary domain” best served by her theoretical reliance on Kant and Rawls? This essay takes up threads from recent debates over “recognition” as a liberal political ideal and contrasts Cornell's Rawlsian version of the imaginary domain with the way this concept might work to women's benefit if it were reconceived along Deleuzian lines.
Feasibility of administrative data for studying complications after hip fracture surgery

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Purpose There is limited information in administrative databases on the occurrence of serious but treatable complications after hip fracture surgery. This study sought to determine the feasibility of identifying the occurrence of serious but treatable complications after hip fracture surgery from discharge abstracts by applying the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) Patient Safety Indicator 4 (PSI-4) case-finding tool. Methods We obtained Canadian Institute for Health Information discharge abstracts for patients 65 years or older, who were surgically treated for non-pathological first hip fracture between 1 January 2004 and 31 December 2012 in Canada, except for Quebec. We applied specifications of AHRQ Patient Safety Indicators 04, Version 5.0 to identify complications from hip fracture discharge abstracts. Results Out of 153 613 patients admitted with hip fracture, we identified 12 383 (8.1%) patients with at least one postsurgical complication. From patients with postsurgical complications, we identified 3066 (24.8%) patient admissions to intensive care unit. Overall, 7487 (4.9%) patients developed pneumonia, 1664 (1.1%) developed shock/myocardial infarction, 651 (0.4%) developed sepsis, 1862 (1.1%) developed deep venous thrombosis/pulmonary embolism and 1919 (1.3%) developed gastrointestinal haemorrhage/acute ulcer. Conclusions We report that 8.1% of patients developed at least one inhospital complication after hip fracture surgery in Canada between 2004 and 2012. The AHRQ PSI-4 case-finding tool can be considered to identify these serious complications for evaluation of postsurgical care after hip fracture.
High Effectiveness of Broad Access Direct‐Acting Antiviral Therapy for Hepatitis C in an Australian Real‐World Cohort: The REACH‐C Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Australia was one of the first countries with unrestricted access to government subsidized direct‐acting antiviral (DAA) therapy for adults with chronic hepatitis C virus. This study assessed real‐world DAA treatment outcomes across a diverse range of Australian clinical services and evaluated factors associated with successful treatment and loss to follow‐up. Real‐world Effectiveness of Antiviral therapy in Chronic Hepatitis C (REACH‐C) consisted a national observational cohort of 96 clinical services including specialist clinics and less traditional settings such as general practice. Data were obtained on consecutive individuals who commenced DAAs from March 2016 to June 2019. Effectiveness was assessed by sustained virological response ≥12 weeks following treatment (SVR) using intention‐to‐treat (ITT) and per‐protocol (PP) analyses. Within REACH‐C, 10,843 individuals initiated DAAs (male 69%; ≥50 years 52%; cirrhosis 22%). SVR data were available in 85% (9,174 of 10,843). SVR was 81% (8,750 of 10,843) by ITT and 95% (8,750 of 9,174) by PP. High SVR (≥92%) was observed across all service types and participant characteristics. Male gender (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.56, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.43‐0.72), cirrhosis (aOR 0.52, 95% CI 0.41‐0.64), recent injecting drug use (IDU; aOR 0.64, 95% CI 0.46‐0.91) and previous DAA treatment (aOR 0.50, 95% CI 0.28‐0.90) decreased the likelihood of achieving SVR. Multiple factors modified the likelihood of loss to follow‐up including IDU ± opioid agonist therapy (OAT; IDU only: aOR 1.75, 95% CI 1.44‐2.11; IDU + OAT: aOR 1.39, 95% CI 1.11‐1.74; OAT only, aOR 1.36; 95% CI 1.13‐1.68) and age (aOR 0.97, 95% CI 0.97‐0.98). Conclusion: Treatment response was high in a diverse population and through a broad range of services following universal access to DAA therapy. Loss to follow‐up presents a real‐world challenge. Younger people who inject drugs were more likely to disengage from care, requiring innovative strategies to retain them in follow‐up.
Valve Malfunction and Heart Valve Replacement in Patients at Risk

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Since its early beginnings prosthetic heart valve replacement has been related to some specific problems, the importance of which has changed in the last decades, but which continue to be matters for discussion. First, this includes a consequent diagnosis of prosthetic valve malfunctions, made in time to initiate an early therapy. Frequently, this therapy consists in surgical revision of the malfunctioning prosthesis; sometimes reoperation can be avoided by early induction of conservative therapy (prosthetic valve endocarditis, prosthetic valve thrombosis). Regarding prosthetic valve malfunctions, paraprosthetic leakages and dysfunctions of the valve occluder itself which may be caused by infective endocarditis, prosthetic valve thrombosis, tissue ingrowth, material defects or a degeneration of the biological valve material must be differentiated. A variety of case reports document the importance of diagnostics in due time and immediate initiation of an adequate therapy for the successful management of prosthetic valve malfunctions (1,2). Normally noninvasive examinations before initiating adequate therapeutic measures are sufficient to achieve an accurate diagnosis of a prosthesis malfunction (cf. chapter 7.2).