jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Demography

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This chapter presents demographic conditions as a determinant for economic performance in the ancient Greco-Roman era. It focuses on the relationship between demographic structures and macro-economic features. The chapter first outlines the fundamental demographic characteristics of the Greco-Roman world. Next, it presents a theoretical model of the interdependence of economic and demographic development. Finally, the chapter explores the model's principal variables in the context of ancient Mediterranean economies. Mean life expectancy at birth is conventionally put in the range of 20-30 years. From the middle of the second millennium BC to the early first millennium AD, all parts of the Mediterranean and its hinterlands experienced significant demographic growth. The baseline upward trend in ancient population number is modulated by two distinct layers of variation in the short and medium terms. Several features including mortality, morbidity, nutrition, housing and clothing, point to significant improvements in well-being in the Greek Aegean between the tenth and the fourth centuries BC.
The X-Shooter Lens Survey – II. Sample presentation and spatially-resolved kinematics

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We present the X-shooter Lens Survey (XLENS) data. The main goal of XLENS is\nto disentangle the stellar and dark matter content of massive early-type\ngalaxies (ETGs), through combined strong gravitational lensing, dynamics and\nspectroscopic stellar population studies. The sample consists of 11 lens\ngalaxies covering the redshift range from $0.1$ to $0.45$ and having stellar\nvelocity dispersions between $250$ and $380\\,\\mathrm{km}\\,\\mathrm{s}^{-1}$. All\ngalaxies have multi-band, high-quality HST imaging. We have obtained long-slit\nspectra of the lens galaxies with X-shooter on the VLT. We are able to\ndisentangle the dark and luminous mass components by combining lensing and\nextended kinematics data-sets, and we are also able to precisely constrain\nstellar mass-to-light ratios and infer the value of the low-mass cut-off of the\nIMF, by adding spectroscopic stellar population information. Our goal is to\ncorrelate these IMF parameters with ETG masses and investigate the relation\nbetween baryonic and non-baryonic matter during the mass assembly and structure\nformation processes. In this paper we provide an overview of the survey,\nhighlighting its scientific motivations, main goals and techniques. We present\nthe current sample, briefly describing the data reduction and analysis process,\nand we present the first results on spatially resolved kinematics.\n
East Asian Authoritarian Developmentalism in the Digital Era

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article examines the evolution of the authoritarian developmental state model in the digital era amid intensified global power dynamics, focusing empirically on China. It introduces the concept of the techno-developmental state to illustrate how this evolved state emphasizes digital technologies for both economic growth and social governance. I assert that this evolution is driven by the state’s enhanced capacity to foster high-tech industries amid heightened competition among major powers, alongside bolstered social governance through advanced digital tools. Emphasizing its crucial role in sustaining authoritarian developmentalism, the article analyzes the emergence of the Chinese techno-developmental state amid escalating US–China technological rivalry. It also scrutinizes the New Infrastructure initiative of the early 2020s as the state’s key initiative to drive its economic and governance agendas.
Holdase activity of secreted Hsp70 masks amyloid-β42 neurotoxicity in Drosophila

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Significance Heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) is a critical protein with many protective activities inside the cell. We demonstrate that forced secretion of Hsp70 is beneficial against the extracellular protein aggregates typical of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Engineering Hsp70 enables its interaction with the amyloid-β42 peptide, the main pathogenic agent in AD. This interaction suppresses amyloid-β toxicity in the eye, reduces cell death in brain neurons, and protects neuronal architecture and function. Interestingly, secreted Hsp70 exerts this protective activity without utilizing its refolding activity and without decreasing the levels and aggregation of amyloid-β42. These results suggest a protective mechanism mediated by direct binding to amyloid-β42, which blocks amyloid-β42 neurotoxicity. We discuss here the potential therapeutic benefits of secreted Hsp70.
Morphology and topography of the renal arteries in the melanoderm living in Benin

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Renal artery variations may relate to the origin, course, and end branches of renal artery divisions. To describe the morphology and topography of renal arteries in melanoderm living in Benin. This was a retrospective study from March 1, 2016 to April 31, 2017, i.e. 14 months. The study population consisted of all injected abdominal CT scans clearly highlighting the renal artery and its branches from the CT scan unit of CNHU-HKM. The data collected was entered into CSPro 6.2 software and then processed and analyzed using stata 13 software. The right renal arteries originated in an antero-lateral position on the aorta in 84.4% of cases, while those left in a mediolateral position in 45.9% of cases. They were projected mainly opposite L1 on the right and L2 on the left. Regarding their courses, all the arteries studied were concave posteriorly in the transverse plane and mostly concave above and upwards. Finally, the renal arteries mostly end by bifurcating into anterior and posterior branches in 88.5% of cases, by trifurcating in 1.5% of cases, rarely they divide into 4 branches. The renal arteries arise on the right in an antero-lateral position on the aorta and on the left in a medio-lateral position. They are lower located on the left with a concave path backwards and upwards then head upwards. Finally, they end by bifurcating. This knowledge is essential for patricians working on the kidneys.
‘Anthropologists are Talking’:About Islam, Muslims and Law in Contemporary Europe

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In contemporary Europe, Islam and Muslims are rightly or wrongly often perceived as the ‘other’. Among the central foci of concern in many Western European countries with a significant presence of Muslims, the law has featured prominently in recent years. What can anthropology tell us about the multiple ways in which European Muslims engage with liberal and secular laws and the state? Perhaps no other contemporary scholar in anthropology has written more extensively about these issues than Professor John R. Bowen. As part of an ongoing series in public anthropology, Professor Bowen engaged in a public conversation with Professor Oddbjørn Leirvik and Postdoctoral Fellow Sindre Bangstad at The House of Literature in Oslo, Norway on 27 September 2011. Due to technical failures, the conversation had to be re-recorded at the Grand Hotel in Oslo on 28 September 2011.
Arbitration as an iPhone, or Why Conduct Academic Research in Arbitration?

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Journal Article Arbitration as an iPhone, or Why Conduct Academic Research in Arbitration? Get access Thomas Schultz Thomas Schultz Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of International Dispute Settlement, Volume 2, Issue 2, August 2011, Pages 279–286, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnlids/idr012 Published: 19 September 2011
Presto authorization: a bitmap indexing scheme for high-speed access control to XML documents

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

XML (extensible markup language) is fast becoming the de facto standard for information exchange over the Internet. As more and more sensitive information gets stored in the form of XML, proper access control to the XML documents becomes increasingly important. However, traditional access control methodologies that have been adapted for XML documents do not address the performance issue of access control. This paper proposes a bitmap-indexing scheme in which access control decisions can be sped up. Authorization policies of the form (subject, object, and action) are encoded as bitmaps in the same manner as XML document indexes are constructed. These two are then efficiently pipelined and manipulated for "fast" access control and "secure" retrieval of XML documents.
Bipedal and unipedal stance in Brazilian football 7-a-side athletes with cerebral palsy

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT To compare postural control between Football 7-a-side players with cerebral palsy (CP) and active non-athletes without neurologic impairments, 28 individuals (15 to 35 years old) were selected and divided into the Non-Athletes Group (NAG), consisting of 14 individuals without neurologic or musculoskeletal injury; and the CP Group (CPG), composed of 14 athletes from the regional football team. A force platform was used to measure anteroposterior displacement of center of pressure (COPap), velocity (COPvel), mediolateral displacement (COPml), and 95% confidence ellipse area (AREA95) on bipedal and unipedal stance. On bipedal stance, there was no difference between groups in anteroposterior displacement of center of pressure (COPap) and velocity (COPvel). On unipedal stance with the dominant leg, the NAG presented better postural control, statistically significant in mediolateral displacement (COPml), 95% confidence ellipse area (AREA95) and COPap (p = 0.003; p = 0.001; p = 0.018, respectively). Our results showed that both groups have similar postural control on bipedal stance, but NAG demonstrated better postural control with unipedal stance than Football 7-a-side players with CP.
Risk assessment and risk scores in the management of aortic aneurysms.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The decision whether to operate a patient or not can be challenging for a clinician for both ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) as well as elective AAAs. Prior to surgical intervention it would be preferable that the clinician exactly knows which clinical variables lower or increase the chances of morbidity and mortality postintervention. To help in the preoperative counselling and shared decision making several clinical variables can be identified as risk factors and with these, risk models can be developed. An ideal risk score for aneurysm repair includes routinely obtained physiological and anatomical variables, has excellent discrimination and calibration, and is validated in different geographical areas. For elective AAA repair, several risk scores are available, for ruptured AAA treatment, these scores are far less well developed. In this manuscript, we describe the designs and results of published risk scores for elective and open repair. Also, suggestions for uniformly reporting of risk factors and their statistical analyses are described. Furthermore, the preliminary results of a new risk model for ruptured aortic aneurysm will be discussed. This score identifies age, hemoglobin, cardiopulmonary resuscitation and preoperative systolic blood pressure as risk factors after multivariate regression analysis. This new risk score can help to identify patients that would not benefit from repair, but it can also potentially identify patients who would benefit and therefore lower turndown rates. The challenge for further research is to expand on validation of already existing promising risk scores in order to come to a risk model with optimal discrimination and calibration.
<title>Brightness perception under transient glare conditions with myopic observers wearing contact lenses and spectacles</title>

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Transient glare reduces the perceived brightness for stimulus luminances within the scotopic-mesopic range. This work studies this effect in myopic observers with lens and spectacles corrections and in one emmetrope. The task of the subject consists of compare brightness of two uniform luminance fields sequentially displayed, one of which had a reference luminance of 1 cd/m2. The reference stimulus was presented under glare condition the angle between the glare source and the lie of sight was 10 degrees. The reference field and he glare source were onset at the same time. Subjects had to report which field was brighter with respect to one another. A YES-NO method with constant stimulus was adopted to determine the perceptual matching luminance. Then duration of each stimulus was 300 msec and the interval between both of them was 1.2 msec. We found the effect of the transient glare is stronger as myopic subjects wear glasses corrections than they wear contact lens and the effect is even less for emmetropic subject with the naked eyes. Results could be explained considering an additional ectoptic light veil due to scattering on the glasses and lens.
Presentation_1_Functional Analysis of Four Terpene Synthases in Rose-Scented Pelargonium Cultivars (Pelargonium × hybridum) and Evolution of Scent in the Pelargonium Genus.pptx

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

<p>Pelargonium genus contains about 280 species among which at least 30 species are odorant. Aromas produced by scented species are remarkably diverse such as rose, mint, lemon, nutmeg, ginger and many others scents. Amongst odorant species, rose-scented pelargoniums, also named pelargonium rosat, are the most famous hybrids for their production of essential oil (EO), widely used by perfume and cosmetic industries. Although EO composition has been extensively studied, the underlying biosynthetic pathways and their regulation, most notably of terpenes, are largely unknown. To gain a better understanding of the terpene metabolic pathways in pelargonium rosat, we generated a transcriptome dataset of pelargonium leaf and used a candidate gene approach to functionally characterise four terpene synthases (TPSs), including a geraniol synthase, a key enzyme responsible for the biosynthesis of the main rose-scented terpenes. We also report for the first time the characterisation of a novel sesquiterpene synthase catalysing the biosynthesis of 10-epi-γ-eudesmol. We found a strong correlation between expression of the four genes encoding the respective TPSs and accumulation of the corresponding products in several pelargonium cultivars and species. Finally, using publically available RNA-Seq data and de novo transcriptome assemblies, we inferred a maximum likelihood phylogeny from 270 pelargonium TPSs, including the four newly discovered enzymes, providing clues about TPS evolution in the Pelargonium genus. Notably, we show that, by contrast to other TPSs, geraniol synthases from the TPS-g subfamily conserved their molecular function throughout evolution.</p>
Theoretical Perspectives

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract How, then, can we begin to interpret the mass of data presented so far? I would like to offer three possibilities, the last of which becomes the springboard for subsequent chapters in that it offers an innovative approach to European specificity. All three represent relatively recent sociological writing, though they draw on the more familiar texts that deal with the secularization issue (notably Martin 1978, Dobbelaere 1981, and Wilson 1982). Each of the three takes note of the changing nature of European religion, but draws very different conclusions in terms of their explanations for such findings.
Triticum aestivum L. subsp. aestivum CWI 100828

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Plant Genetic Resource.
Taxonomy: Triticum aestivum L. subsp. aestivum
Common name(s): Wheat
Other names: IG 44241
Conserved by: Centro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maíz y Trigo (CIMMYT), Mexico
Local sample unique identifier: CWI 100828
Method of creation: Acquisition
Date: 2015
Other identifiers: n/a,CWI100828, n/a,CID 656672 SID 0, n/a,GID 7579971
Historical: No
Biological status: Traditional cultivar/landrace
MLS status: Included
Constructing Divisia Monetary Aggregates for Singapore

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Since Barnett derived the user cost price of money, the economic theory of monetary services aggregation has been developed and extended into a field of its own with solid foundations in microeconomic theory. Divisia monetary aggregates have repeatedly been shown to be strictly preferable to their simple sum counterparts, which have no competent foundations in microeconomic aggregation or index number theory. However, most central banks in the world, including that of Singapore, the Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS), still report their monetary aggregates as simple summations. Recent macroeconomic research about Singapore tends to focus on exchange rates as a monetary policy target but ignores the aggregate quantity of money. Is that because quantities of money are irrelevant to economic activity? To examine the role of monetary quantities as potential monetary instruments, indicators, or targets and their relevance to predicting real economic activity in Singapore, this paper applies the user cost of money formula and the recently developed credit-card-augmented Divisia monetary aggregates formula to construct monetary services indexes for Singapore. We produce those state-of-the-art monetary services indexes from Jan 1991 to Mar 2021. We see that Divisia measures behave differently from simple sum measures in the period before the year 2000, while interest rates were high. Credit-card-augmented Divisia monetary services move closely with the conventional Divisia monetary aggregates, since the volume of credit card transactions in Singapore is relatively small compared with other monetary service assets. In future work, we plan to use our data to explore central bank policy in Singapore and to propose improvements in that policy. By making our data available to the public, we encourage others to do the same.
Study on the Construction of E-Commerce Brand Integration of Agricultural Products under the Environment of qInternet+q

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Agricultural e-commerce has been a short board of the Internet applications, consumers for agricultural products low brand awareness directly affect the brand could bring premium and value, how to scientifically and reasonably upgrade, will be agricultural industry chain each link of enterprise need deep thinking and problems.Through the study of "Internet+ agriculture" the difficulties and challenges, and analyzes the operation difficulties in the actual construction of the ecommerce of agricultural products brand, summed up the countermeasures and suggestions of construction of electronic commerce brand integration of agricultural products, expect to have a positive impact on the development of e-commerce of agricultural products.
Skeletal Trauma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

For the purposes of this chapter, adult age is considered to be 18 years of age and older. †e methods employed in adult age determination are largely dependent on the skeletal elements available for analysis and, unlike age assessment methods in the juvenile and adolescent, which rely on growth and developmental processes, are largely concerned with degenerative events, both within the dentition and the skeleton. In the past decade, the majority of research conducted in relation to ageing of the adult skeleton has concentrated on testing and re˜ning methods developed in the 20th century;Introduction 29 Adult Age Determination 30 Ossi˜cation 31 †e Skull 33 Dentition 34 Rib Morphology 36 Pelvis 38 Bone Histology 39 Conclusion 40 References 41 Bibliography 42General 42 Ossi˜cation Patterns 45 †e Skull 47 Dentition 48 Ribs 55 Pelvic Morphology 56 Histology 58 Other 59this chapter examines this literature. Due to the large number of references produced over the last decade, rather than place these in the text, they are presented at the end of this chapter as a bibliography, which provides a guide to this subject area. †e References section includes only citations mentioned speci˜cally in the text discussion. Key texts on the subject from before 2000 are also included.
The Serological Relationship between Purified Preparations of Factors I and II of the Anthrax Toxin Produced In vivo and In vitro

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

SUMMARY: A serological comparison on gel-diffusion plates of purified preparations of factors I and II of the anthrax toxin obtained in vitro and in vivo indicated that all but one (factor I from in vitro sources) of these preparations contained at least two major serological components. At least three serological components were involved in the total system: A (associated with factor I activity); B (associated with factor II activity); C (not associated with toxic activity). These results indicated that no preparation of factor II of the anthrax toxin so far examined was immunologically homogeneous and that the serological connexion between factor I of the anthrax toxin (produced in vivo) and the protective factor produced in vitro (Smith, 1958) was due to a common component not associated with factor I activity. There was some evidence that the method of measuring immunogenicity in certain culture filtrates of Bacillus anthracis by serological precipitation (Thorne & Belton, 1957) is not generally applicable to all products of this organism.
Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection affects total eosinophil count, the serum level of ECP, and interleukin-5 in atopic children

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: A number of studies have outlined mechanisms by which mycoplasma infection may promote allergic lung inflammation. In addition, there is increasing evidence from human studies suggesting that mycoplasma infection contribute to asthma exacerbations, and severity with the change of cytokines. The present study evaluated the change of serum levels of eosinophil count, eosinophil cationic protein, and interleukin-5 in atopic children with Mycoplasma pneumonia infection. Method: We recruited 137 children including 44 atopic children with mycoplasma pneumonia (Group 1), 34 non-atopic children with mycoplasma pneumonia (Group 2), 25 children with viral pneumonia (group 3), 34 non-atopic children with viral pneumonia with mycoplasma infection (Group 4). The change of total eosinophil count, serum levels of interleukin (IL)-5, eosinophil cationic protein were measured at admission and at recovery for each group by using commercial ELISA. Results: The serum level of IL-5 at admission was increased at recovery in group 1 (114±51.1 pg/mL at admission, 143.2±68.4 pg/mL at recovery). However, Buserum eosinophil cationic protein concentrations were increased at clinical recovery compared to the mean serum concentration at admission(49.5 pg/mL at admission, 37.9 pg/mL at recovery in group 1; 38.2 pg/mL at admission, 27.8 pg/mL at recovery). Conclusion: The outcomes of the present study implied changes of eosinophil and its mediators during Mycoplasma infection may be associated with the mechanism by which the Mycoplasma pneumoniae contribute to the development of airway hypersensitivity.