jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The occurence of risk factors of cardiovascular diseases and the effect of selected dietary habits on the lipid profile and body mass index

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In a group of 204 randomly selected patients hospitalized in the Cardiocentre Nitra, of which 63 were women (30.88%) and 141 men (69.12%), we evaluated the prevalence of modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular diseases and the impact of dietary habits on the lipid profile and body mass index (BMI). We have recorded a high prevalence of risk factors, especially overweight and obesity, where 87.3% of women and 92.91% of men had BMI ≥25. Normal weight was observed only in 12.70% of women and in 7.09% of men. In the study group up to 60.32% of women and 57.45% of men had blood pressure higher than ≥130/85 mmHg. More than half of the respondents were simultaneously overweighted or obese together with high blood pressure occurence. The total cholesterol level higher than 5.2 mmol/Ll was recorded in 41.24% of women and 34.75% of men. There was statistically significant difference between men and women (P <0.05) in the prevalence of low HDL cholesterol to the detriment of men while the value below 1.3 mmol/L was recorded in 31.75% of women and the value lower than 1.1 mmol/L in 52.48 % of men. Values of triglycerides (TG) ≥1.7 mmol/L were recorded in 28.57% of women and in 35.42% of men. Fasting blood glucose levels ≥5.6 mmol/L were recorded in up to 68.25% of women and 71.63% of men. There was not statistically significant difference (P >0.05) in the occurrence of increased levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, blood pressure and glycemia according to gender. We found out that most of the respondents consumed food 3-4 times per day, i.e. 53.97% of women and 60.99% of men. Food intake for five to six times a day was reported only by 28.57% of women and 19.15% of men. The number of daily meals was significantly reflected in the BMI values in men who consumed food 1-2 times a day compared to the men who ate 3-4 meals daily (P <0.001). We detected lower BMI values in women with more frequent food consumption, however the difference was not statistically significant. While assessing the nutritional history, we have recorded frequent consumption of meat and meat products which are consumed by 49.21% of women and 60.28% of men (P <0.001) more than four times a week, while more than 30% of women and men consume them daily. On the contrary, women consume fish more often, while 53.97% of women and 48.23% of men consume it 1 to 2 times a week. Although fruit and vegetable are part of daily diet of almost all patients, it is insufficient in portions of one or two pieces a day compared with dietary recommendations. We noticed significantly higher BMI (P <0.05) in men who consume sweetened beverages, than men who consume mostly non-sweetened beverages.
Ampullary carcinoma with other primary malignancies: A retrospective study in a single hospital series.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

1977年1月から2000年12月までの間に当院で手術を施行し経過観察を行った十二指腸乳頭部癌症例37例を対象として,他臓器重複癌に関する臨床的特徴および外部比較による発生頻度の検討を行った.その結果,平均観察期間は50カ月(0.1～190カ月)であり, 7症例(19%)に他臓器重複癌の合併が観察された.人年法を用いた期待罹患数は1.4人で実際の観察罹患数とを比較した結果,乳頭部癌罹患患者には他臓器重複癌の合併が統計学的に有意に多いと判断された(p=0.0006).重複癌発生臓器は結腸,直腸および胃であった. 4例が無再発生存中, 1例は心臓病死であったが2例は重複癌により癌死した. 乳頭部癌が重複癌を合併するのは決して稀ではなく,予後改善のためには長期にわたる他臓器癌のサーベイランスが必要であると考えられた.
Counting the cost: Psychological distress in career and auxiliary firefighters

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

to psychological distress as a result of attending traumatic events. However, few studies have examined this finding in terms of the subgroups that exist in the firefighting population. This study compared the degree of psychological distress reported by career and auxiliary firefighters. Self-report questionnaires, including measures of traumatic incident exposure, general psychological distress (General Health Questionnaire –28) and symptomatic responses to traumatic stressors (Impact of Events Scale Revised), were completed by 75 career and 67 auxiliary Australian firefighters. Career firefighters reported more psychological distress than auxiliary firefighters, with length of firefighter service being associated with the difference in psychological distress reported by the two types of firefighters. The results support the literature linking length of firefighting service with psychological distress. However, a caveat was placed on inferring causal relationships between length of service only and psychological distress.
Effects of enzyme replacement therapy in adult patients with Fabry disease on cardiac structure and function: a retrospective cohort study of the Fabry Münster Study (FaMüS) data

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective Fabry disease (FD) is an X-linked inborn error of glycosphingolipid catabolism caused by deficient lysosomal α-galactosidase A activity. Progressive accumulation of globotriaosylceramide and related glycosphingolipids in vascular endothelial lysosomes of the heart, kidneys and brain is responsible for the main disease manifestations. The aim of our study was to assess short-term and long-term effects of enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) on cardiac mass and function. Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting Hospital outpatient clinic. Participants 40 FD patients (21 men, 19 women) receiving agalsidase β-ERT. Outcome measures The focus at baseline and follow-up examinations was on structural, functional (Doppler-echocardiography) as well as electrical changes (ECG) and blood pressure. Results In the Early Group, systolic and diastolic blood pressures significantly decreased. Left-ventricular (LV) also decreased; however, wall thickness and LV mass index showed no further increase. VE as an indicator for diastolic function significantly improved (64±21 vs 75±27 cm/s, p=0.038). There were no significant changes of ECG parameters. There were few relevant changes in the Late Group, albeit systolic blood pressure significantly decreased and QRS duration significantly increased. In conclusion, echocardiographic left-ventricular mass index, interventricular septum thickness, left-ventricular posterior wall, left-ventricular end-diastolic dimension) and diastolic function parameters are valuable for follow-up and guidance of therapy. Conclusions The primary positive impact of ERT appears to be an early effect after the start of therapy, and early initiation of ERT should be recommended.
Foucault and the modern international silences and legacies for the study of world politics

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This book addresses the possibilities of analyzing the modern international through the thought of Michel Foucault. The broad range of authors brought together in this volume question four of the most self-evident characteristics of our contemporary world-'international', 'neoliberal', 'biopolitical' and 'global'- and thus fill significant gaps in both international and Foucault studies. The chapters discuss what a Foucauldian perspective does or does not offer for understanding international phenomena while also questioning many appropriations of Foucault's work. This transdisciplinary volume will serve as a reference for both scholars and students of international relations, international political sociology, international political economy, political theory/philosophy and critical theory more generally.
A Variational Approach for Image Decolorization by Variance Maximization

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Color-to-grayscale conversion is the process used to convert a color image to a grayscale one, which is a basic tool in digital printing, photograph rendering, and single-channel image processing. The main aim of this paper is to propose a variational approach for image decolorization by variance maximization. Our idea is to use an energy functional to determine local transformations for combining red, green, and blue channel pixel values together by maximizing the local variance of the output grayscale image and preserving the brightness of the input color image. In order to minimize the differences among the local transformations at nearby pixel locations, the total variation regularization of the transformation is incorporated into the functional for the decolorization process. The existence and uniqueness of the minimizer of the variational model can be shown. We also present an effective algorithm for solving the variational model numerically, and show the convergence of the algorithm. Experimental results are reported to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, and its performance is better than those of the other testing methods for a set of benchmark color images.
Effect of non-ideal gas working fluid on power and efficiency performances of an irreversible Otto cycle

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Based on the irreversible Otto cycle model, applying finite-time-thermodynamic theory, this paper takes power and efficiency as the objective functions, further studies the cycle performance under the condition of non-ideal gas working fluid, analyzes the effects of different loss items and freedom degree ( d ) of monatomic gas on the cycle performance, and compares performance differences of ideal gas and non-ideal gas under different specific heat models. The results demonstrate that, with the increase of d , the maximum-power-output ( P max ), the maximum-thermal-efficiency ( η max ), the corresponding optimal compression-ratio ( ( γ opt ) p ${({\gamma }_{\text{opt}})}_{p}$ ) and efficiency ( η P ) at the P max point, and the corresponding optimal compression ratio ( ( γ opt ) η ${({\gamma }_{\text{opt}})}_{\eta }$ ) and power ( P η ) at the η max point will all increase; the P max , ( γ opt ) p ${({\gamma }_{\text{opt}})}_{p}$ , η max , ( γ opt ) η ${({\gamma }_{\text{opt}})}_{\eta }$ , η p and P η will decrease with the increases of three irreversible losses; the specific heat model has only quantitative effect on cycle performance but no qualitative effect; under condition of non-ideal gas specific heat model, the power and efficiency are the smallest.
Mechanism of insulin/IGF-1 regulation of mitochondrial function and nerve repair in diabetic neuropathy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: There is impaired neurotrophic growth factor signaling, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity and mitochondrial function in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) of animal models of type 1 and type 2 diabetes exhibiting diabetic sensorimotor polyneuropathy (DSPN). We hypothesized that loss of direct insulin or insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) signaling in diabetes drives depression of AMPK activity and mitochondrial function, both contributing to development of DSPN. Methods: Age-matched control Sprague-Dawley rats and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 1 diabetic rats with/without IGF-1 therapy or insulin implants were used for in vivo studies. For in vitro studies, adult DRG neurons derived from control or STZ-diabetic rats were cultured under defined conditions and treated with/without IGF-1 or insulin. Activators or inhibitors targeting components of the insulin/IGF-1 signaling pathways were used to unravel the mechanism of insulin/IGF-1 action in DRG neurons. Results: Insulin increased Akt phosphorylation and neurite outgrowth, and augmented mitochondrial function in DRG cultures derived from control or type 1 diabetic rats. In STZ-diabetic rats insulin implants reversed thermal sensitivity, increased dermal nerve density and restored the expression/activity of respiratory chain proteins in DRG. Decreased expression of mRNAs for IGF-1, AMPKα2 and ATP5a1 (subunit of ATPase) occurred in DRG of diabetic vs. control rats. IGF-1 up-regulated mRNA levels of these genes in cultured DRG neurons from control or diabetic rats. IGF-1 elevation of mitochondrial function, mtDNA and neurite outgrowth was suppressed by inhibition of AMPK (via siRNA). IGF-1 therapy in diabetic rats reversed thermal hypoalgesia, raised corneal nerve density and prevented tricarboxylic acid (TCA) pathway metabolite build-up in the sciatic nerve. Endogenous IGF-1 gene expression in neurons of the DRG was suppressed by hyperglycemia and rescued by treatment with IGF-1 or the aldose reductase inhibitor, sorbinil. Transcription factors NFAT1 and CEBP-β bound to the IGF-1 promoter in DRG tissue at higher levels in control vs diabetic rats. Inhibition of endogenous IGF-1 down-regulated Akt S473 phosphorylation and background neurite outgrowth in cultured DRG neurons. Conclusions: Insulin/IGF-1 therapy elevates mitochondrial function via AMPK to drive axonal repair in DSPN. Downregulation of endogenous IGF-1 in DRG neurons in diabetes may contribute to the pathogenesis of DSPN.
The Flipping-Free Tabletop Integral Imaging with Large Viewing Angle Based on Space-Multiplexed Voxel Screen and Compound Lens-Array

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Tabletop integral imaging display with a more realistic and immersive experience has always been a hot spot in three dimensional imaging technology, which is widely used in biomedical imaging and visualization to enhance medical analysis and diagnosis. However, the traditional structural characteristics of integral imaging display inevitable introduces flipping effect beyond the viewing angle. To avoid the flipping effect in optical reconstruction, the space-multiplexed voxel screen consisted of projectors array and holographic functional screen is presented to constrain light beams passing through corresponding lens. To further improve the imaging quality in the large viewing angle, the compound lens with two pieces of aspheric lens in each lens unit is optimized to suppress the aberrations, and cooperates with holographic functional screen to recompose the light distribution. The imaging distortion is decreased to less than 9% from more than 30%. In the experiment, the reconstructed full-parallax three dimensional image with the clear displayed depth of 20cm can be perceived with the correct geometric occlusion and smooth parallax in the viewing angle of $96^{\circ}\times 96^{\circ}$ .
Photochemical synthesis. Conversion of o-vinylthioanilides to quinolines

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotochemical synthesis. Conversion of o-vinylthioanilides to quinolinesPaul De Mayo, Leiv K. Sydnes, and Grazyna WenskaCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1980, 45, 9, 1549–1556Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01297a001https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01297a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views576Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Comparative study on the histomorphology and molecular biology of radial artery conduits in patients with diabetes mellitus who underwent coronary bypass surgery

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We studied the impact of diabetes mellitus (DM) on the radial artery (RA) in 30 patients with DM and 30 non-diabetic patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting with autologous RA. RAs were recorded as normal if there was no cellular or stromal tissue between the endothelium and the internal elastic lamina. The RA was normal in 26.7% of diabetic and 76.7% of non-diabetic patients ( p = 0.000298). Intimal thickness index and intima:media ratio were higher in the former than in the latter ( p < 0.05; p < 0.05), with no significant difference in luminal narrowing ( p > 0.05). Electron microscopy scores were lower in the non-diabetic group ( p < 0.001); endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) protein expression and optical density were higher ( p < 0.001). Von Willebrand factor and endothelin-1 messenger RNA (mRNA) levels were higher in the DM patients ( p < 0.001). The quality of the RA in patients with DM was thus inferior to that in non-diabetic patients. Care should be taken when selecting RA as a conduit in patients with DM.
Effect of Instructional Delivery Method on Student Achievement in a Master's of Business Administration Course at the Wayne Huizenga School of Business and Entrepreneurship.

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of instructional delivery method on student achievement by examining the application of two different delivery methods to separate groups of students enrolled in different sections of the same Master's in Business Administration course at Nova Southeastern University, Florida. For each section, instructor, text, assignments, and examination were identical. One group of 20 students received traditional, face-to-face instruction in a classroom setting, with classes delivered in a weekend format.The other group of 15 students received electronically mediated instruction, with instruction delivered online and discussion transpiring between student and instructor via e-mail and online discussion group. Student performance was operationally defined as the score on a midterm examination. Findings reveal that there was no statistically significant difference in the mean test scores for the two groups. (Contains 18 references.) (Author/SLD) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. EFFECT OF INSTRUCTIONAL DELIVERY METHOD ON STUDENT ACHIEVEMENT IN A MASTER'S OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION COURSE AT THE WAYNE HUIZENGA SCHOOL OF BUSINESS AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY
Correlational study of the center of pressure measures of postural steadiness on five different standing tasks in overweight adults

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract This study applied the posturography framework on five static standing tasks from the Berg Balance Scale (BBS). Thirteen participants were recruited and the trajectory data of the center of pressure (CoP) were collected. To analyze the postural performance, two approaches were taken: the scores from the BBS and statistical analysis. For the statistical analysis, Spearman’s method was applied to determine the correlation of CoP parameters. The results revealed the correlations between CoP parameters in the anterior-posterior (AP) and medial-lateral (ML) directions, and on the statokinesgram (SK) plane for all tasks. To obtain the in-depth detail between normal weight and overweight groups, the differences in the postural control mechanism were defined by correlations of CoP parameters. The Mann-Whitney U test was conducted to define the difference in postural control in terms of difference in weight gain and standing task factors, while Cohen’s d was used to investigate the influence of the difference in standing tasks and weight gain on postural control. The results showed that the correlations of CoP parameters could distinguish the balance impairment in the overweight condition from the normal postural control. Otherwise, the scores of BBS, the Mann-Whitney U test and Cohen’s d did not separate this slightly compensatory movement during equilibrium. Therefore, the correlations of CoP parameters could provide more information to analyze the balance function in each individual, especially in terms of slight compensation.
Task Analysis and the Design of Functionality

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Task analysis is the process of understanding the user's task thoroughly enough to help design a computer system that will effectively support users in doing the task. By task is meant the user's job or work activities, what the user is attempting to accomplish. By analysis is meant a relatively systematic approach to understanding the user's task that goes beyond unaided intuitions or speculations, and attempts to document and describe exactly what the task involves. The design of functionality is a stage of the design of computer systems in which the useraccessible functions of the computer system are chosen and specified. The basic thesis of this article is that the successful design of functionality requires a task analysis early enough in the system design to enable the developers to create a system that effectively supports the user's task. Thus the proper goal of the design of functionality is to choose functions that are both useful in the user's task, and which together with a good user interface, results in a system that is usable, being easy to learn and easy to use.
Ablation of Myeloid ADK (Adenosine Kinase) Epigenetically Suppresses Atherosclerosis in ApoE −/− (Apolipoprotein E Deficient) Mice

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective— Monocyte-derived foam cells are one of the key players in the formation of atherosclerotic plaques. Adenosine receptors and extracellular adenosine have been demonstrated to modulate foam cell formation. ADK (adenosine kinase) is a major enzyme regulating intracellular adenosine levels, but its functional role in myeloid cells remains poorly understood. To enhance intracellular adenosine levels in myeloid cells, ADK was selectively deleted in novel transgenic mice using Cre-LoxP technology, and foam cell formation and the development of atherosclerotic lesions were determined. Approach and Results— ADK was upregulated in macrophages on ox-LDL (oxidized low-density lipoprotein) treatment in vitro and was highly expressed in foam cells in atherosclerotic plaques. Atherosclerotic mice deficient in ADK in myeloid cells were generated by breeding floxed ADK (ADK F/F ) mice with LysM-Cre (myeloid-specific Cre recombinase expressing) mice and ApoE −/− (apolipoprotein E deficient) mice. Mice absent ADK in myeloid cells exhibited much smaller atherosclerotic plaques compared with controls. In vitro assays showed that ADK deletion or inhibition resulted in increased intracellular adenosine and reduced DNA methylation of the ABCG1 (ATP-binding cassette transporter G1) gene. Loss of methylation was associated with ABCG1 upregulation, enhanced cholesterol efflux, and eventually decreased foam cell formation. Conclusions— Augmentation of intracellular adenosine levels through ADK knockout in myeloid cells protects ApoE −/− mice against atherosclerosis by reducing foam cell formation via the epigenetic regulation of cholesterol trafficking. ADK inhibition is a promising approach for the treatment of atherosclerotic diseases.