jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Stature of caucasian elderly estimated by scapula length from Chest X-ray

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Stature is an important biological characteristic considered in the clinical activities. Height (h)is frequently hard to measure in the elderly population or in people with skeletal deformities and vertebral fractures. Furthermore it represents also a key point in forensic evaluations. Our aim was to provide an equation in order to predict human height based on the Longitudinal Scapular Diameter(LSD) measured through a Chest X-ray (CX) in an elderly Italian population. We enrolled 60 patients (age > 65 years) who underwent a standard CX. An average LSD was obtained on the basis of the measurements of left and right scapula. Stature was measured in standard conditions by a calibrated stadiometer in all patients. A linear predictive model was employed to estimate stature by LSD. The predictive equation for stature estimation [cm] from LSD [cm] was: h=2.969*LSD+116.7. The linear regression was significant (p <; 0.01) and the correlation coefficient was 0.75. In order to assess the performance of the proposed model, we compared our results with the values obtained in the same population with a largely employed approach, i.e., the Chumlea's method. Considering the whole population, the mean error using LSD equation was 4.4 cm vs 4.6 cm from Chumlea's. The proposed linear relationship between human height and LSD measured by CX can be considered valid in elderly patients, showing comparable results to the Chumlea's method.
CANCER SCREENING AWARENESS AMONG NURSING STAFF IN GOVERNMENT MEDICAL COLLEGE: A PROSPECTIVE STUDY

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND \nCervical and breast cancers are the common malignancies among female population in India. Though there are approved \nscreening methods available to prevent and detect these cancers at an early stage, there is a lack of awareness about cancer \nscreening among general public as well as the health care professionals. This study is aimed to identify the knowledge, attitude \nand practice (KAP) among the nursing staff regarding cancer screening in these two diseases. \nMETHOD \nA cross-sectional interview based survey was conducted among 303 female nursing staff working in a government medical \ncollege hospital from November 2015 to December 2015. Ethical committee approval was taken. Verbal informed consent was \nsought from the study subjects. Nursing staff who gave consent to participate in the study were enrolled. There were no \nspecific inclusion or exclusion criteria for the study subjects. A structured pretested questionnaire regarding knowledge, attitude \nand practice (KAP) was used to collect the data. The questions were open-ended. Recall and recognition type of questions \nwere used. The data was entered into MS Excel worksheet and analysed using descriptive statistics. \nRESULTS \nTotal of 303 nurses included in the study. The age ranged from 21 to 64 years. Median age is 38 years. Only 24.4% (74/303) \nof Nurses were aware of cancer screening and many of them were aware of Pap smear (55.1%, 167/303) and mammogram \n(66.3%, 201/303) as investigational tools in diagnosing cancer. Only 17 out of 303 (5.6%) nurses had Pap smear test done \nwith an average of 1.23% Pap smear per individual. Mammogram screening was done in 13% (15/115) of the eligible nurses \nwith an average of 1.2% mammogram per individual. The most common reason for not undergoing screening as expressed \nwas they did not feel the need to be screened unless they were symptomatic (55%), they are too young for screening (14.8%), \nshyness (11.1%), fear (11.1%) and lack of time (7.4%). However, 90% of them were willing to undergo screening if conducted \nby the institute. The limitation of this study is small number of subjects; this may not represent the view of nursing staff in \ngeneral. Large multi-institutional studies have to be undertaken to assess KAP among the nursing staff regarding cancer \nscreening. \nCONCLUSION \nThis data suggests that levels of knowledge and practice of cancer screening are very poor among nursing staff working in \ngovernment medical college hospital. Cancer screening program should also include health care professionals in addition to \ngeneral population.
[What can be expected of x-ray computed tomography in the assessment of the loco-regional extension of kidney cancer?].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The authors assess the role of CT scanning in investigations for the extension of renal tumors with the aid of a series of 40 patients. A complete inventory of the lesions was obtained in 30 patients who had undergone radical surgery. Capsular damage is visualized with a high percentage of uncertainty, and, setting aside a few exceptions, it is impossible to specify the histological nature of adenomegalies. On the other hand, venous exploration can be performed with growing accuracy thanks to series of angioscans. This method of investigation would therefore not seem suitable for staging tumors on Robson's scale, but it is most useful in selecting surgical tactics in the preoperative assessment of the lesions.
Correction to Structural Mass Spectrometry of the αβ-Tubulin Dimer Supports a Revised Model of Microtubule Assembly

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVAddition/CorrectionNEXTORIGINAL ARTICLEThis notice is a correctionCorrection to Structural Mass Spectrometry of the αβ-Tubulin Dimer Supports a Revised Model of Microtubule AssemblyMelissa Bennett, John K. Chik, Gordon W. Slysz, Tyler Luchko, Jack Tuszynski, Dan L. Sackett, and David C. Schriemer*Cite this: Biochemistry 2009, 48, 40, 9704Publication Date (Web):September 16, 2009Publication History Received3 September 2009Published online16 September 2009Published inissue 13 October 2009https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi901540rhttps://doi.org/10.1021/bi901540rcorrectionACS PublicationsCopyright © 2009 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views478Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (567 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Mass spectrometry,Oligomers Get e-Alerts
Software architecture for adaptive in silico knowledge discovery and decision making based on big genomic data analytics

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

During the last years leading scientists, researchers and analysts determine big data as revolution in scientific studies and one of the most challenging tendencies. The volume of stored genomic data has increased significantly. Main challenge in data analysis and knowledge discovery is to suggest efficient processing tools, methods and technologies. Software architecture for adaptive knowledge discovery based on big genomic data analytics is presented in this paper. The software architecture is comprised of layers for data integration and preprocessing, database/data warehouse server, data discovery engine, pattern evaluation and graphical user interface. The big genomic data architecture consists of data sources, storage, integration and preprocessing, real data stream, stream processing, analytical data store, analysis and reporting. An algorithm for prediction of breast cancer based on machine learning for processing and analysis of big genomic data and knowledge discovery with respect to personalized treatment is presented. The proposed algorithm for breast cancer classification is implemented by using Stochastic Dual Coordinate Ascent (SDCA) method and Wisconsin breast cancer database. Experimental results are presented and discussed. The purpose of the study is to apply the software architecture on big genomic data analytics by practical experiments for specific case study identifying regulatory genetic elements in sequenced genomes, and prediction of the type and malignancy of breast cancer. This will enable fast processing of clinical observations data and comparison with the available data accumulated so far in support of precision medicine.
Voiceband signal classification using statistically optimal combinations of low-complexity discriminant variables

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper considers the problem of classifying voiceband modem, facsimile, native binary data, and speech signals on a 64-kb/s digital channel using low complexity discriminant functions similar to those investigated by Benvenuto (1989). Benvenuto's method is simplified by replacing an approximate demodulation step with rectification of the passband signal and improved by using statistical analysis to select and combine the most effective variables into statistically optimal discriminant functions.
Development of genetically engineered TCR-transduced T cells for immunotherapy of chronic hepatitis B and C virus infections (P4222)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract More than 350 million people worldwide are chronically infected with hepatitis B (HBV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV). While vigorous CD8 T cell responses are required to spontaneously clear acute HBV and HCV infections, these virus-specific T cells are typically diminished in number and functionally impaired in chronic HBV and HCV infections. Here, we set out to use adoptive therapy with TCR-engineered T cells to restore HBV and HCV-specific immune responses. Three HBV-specific and four HCV-specific TCRs with high avidity were cloned from patients and chimpanzees that cleared the respective infection, expressed in retroviral vectors and used to transduce lymphocytes of chimpanzees with chronic HBV and HCV infection. The transduced T cells gained a broad spectrum of antigen-specific effector functions (IFN-γ secretion, cytotoxicity and proliferation). They were expanded to high numbers via short-term anti-CD3 and IL-15/IL-21 stimulation, which resulted in a preservation of their differentiation status and a lower frequency of regulatory T cells than the conventional expansion method with anti-CD3 and IL-2. Collectively, we show that retroviral TCR gene transfer followed by short-term expansion in the presence of IL-15/IL-21 efficiently redirects the antigen specificity of resting primary T cells and generates a large number of functional effector T cells. These will be used in adoptive T cell therapy protocols to restore T cell function in chronic viral hepatitis.
Disease-Induced Assemblage of the Rhizosphere Fungal Community in Successive Plantings of Wheat

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Plant is one of the primary drivers of microbial communities in the rhizosphere. The consistent presence of the same plant species over time such as monocropping in agriculture can drive significant changes in plant-associated microbiomes. Most of the studies with monocropping have focused on bacteria, which are involved in the natural suppression of a number of soilborne diseases, including Rhizoctonia root rot and take-all. However, few studies have examined how monocropping and root rot pathogens jointly affect the structure of fungal communities in the rhizosphere. In this greenhouse study, rhizosphere fungal communities from successive wheat plantings infected with the fungal pathogen Rhizoctonia solani AG8 were characterized using MiSeq sequencing targeting the internal transcribed spacer 1 region of the ribosomal RNA gene. Sequence analyses revealed that distinct fungal groups clustered by planting cycles with or without strain AG8 inoculation but infection with strain AG8 enhanced the separation of fungal communities. Clusters of fungal communities were also observed in strain-AG8-infected and noninfected rhizospheres, whereas there was no difference in fungal communities between the rhizospheres with the least root disease and those with the worst root disease. Planting cycles significantly reduced fungal α diversity. The most abundant fungal genus was Mortierella which increased in relative abundance with planting cycles in strain-AG8-infected samples. In contrast, fungal genera that included Pseudogymnoascus, Gibberella, Fusarium, Fusicolla, Exophiala, and Waitea were reduced in relative abundance with successive plantings and strain AG8 infection. Together, this study revealed how fungal communities change with successive wheat growth under the pressure of a soilborne fungal pathogen.
Elevated Intracranial Pressure Diagnosis with Emergency Department Bedside Ocular Ultrasound

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Bedside sonographic measurement of optic nerve sheath diameter can aid in the diagnosis of elevated intracranial pressure in the emergency department. This case report describes a 21-year-old female presenting with 4 months of mild headache and 2 weeks of recurrent, transient binocular vision loss. Though limited by patient discomfort, fundoscopic examination suggested the presence of blurred optic disc margins. Bedside ocular ultrasound (BOUS) revealed wide optic nerve sheath diameters and bulging optic discs bilaterally. Lumbar puncture demonstrated a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) opening pressure of 54 cm H 2 O supporting the suspected diagnosis of idiopathic intracranial hypertension. Accurate fundoscopy can be vital to the appropriate diagnosis and treatment of patients with suspected elevated intracranial pressure, but it is often technically difficult or poorly tolerated by the photophobic patient. BOUS is a quick and easily learned tool to supplement the emergency physician’s fundoscopic examination and help identify patients with elevated intracranial pressure.
Objective Nebuliser Adherence Data as “Proof” of Adherence in the Management of Cystic Fibrosis: A Qualitative Interview Study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Elizabeth Lumley,1 Sarah J Drabble,1 Anne Scott,2 Martin J Wildman,3 Alicia O’Cathain1 1Health and Care Research Unit, School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK; 2Clinical Trials Research Unit, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK; 3Adult Cystic Fibrosis Unit, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UKCorrespondence: Elizabeth Lumley, Health and Care Research Unit, School of Health and Related Research, Regent Court, 30 Regent Street, Sheffield, S1 4DA, UK, Tel +44 114 2224294, Email e.lumley@sheffield.ac.ukPurpose: Low adherence to medication via nebulisers is linked to poor clinical outcomes for people with Cystic Fibrosis (PWCF). Advances in technology allow electronic monitoring of nebuliser usage and feedback of objective adherence data to PWCF and clinical teams caring for them. CFHealthHub is a new intervention that collects and displays objective adherence data in easy-to-read formats with the aim of improving nebuliser adherence and health. There is little understanding of how objective adherence data is perceived by PWCF and healthcare professionals (HCPs).Patients and Methods: A qualitative study using semi-structured interviews with 22 PWCF and 31 HCPs who had used the CFHealthHub intervention.Results: Objective adherence data was welcomed by the majority of PWCF in the sample, and HCP delivering the intervention, because the data allowed PWCF to reflect on patterns of adherence or non-adherence. Ease of use and characteristics of data display were important, particularly the use of a “traffic light” system to allow PWCF to easily see if they were meeting their adherence targets. For PWCF objective adherence data was used as “proof to self”, offering reassurance to high adherers, and a wake-up call to those with lower levels of adherence. It could also provide ‘proof to others’ where PWCF had higher levels of adherence than HCP or family members believed. The data could sometimes change HCP perceptions of PWCF’s identities as poor adherers. Where adherence was not high, data was used to facilitate honest discussions between PWCF and HCPs about how to increase adherence. HCPs perceived that it was important to use the data positively to motivate, rather than criticise, PWCF.Conclusion: Objective nebuliser adherence data in CFHealthHub can offer proof of adherence to PWCF and HCPs. It is important to use it constructively to facilitate discussions on how to improve adherence.Keywords: nebulised therapy, behaviour change, non-adherence, subjective reports, compliance, electronic capture
Synthesis of linear oligo-TTFs and their [2]rotaxanes with cyclobis(paraquat-p-phenylene)

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Two linear oligo-TTFs were synthesised employing a stepwise strategy involving two different thiolate protecting groups. These linear TTFs were incorporated into donor–acceptor rotaxanes with the cyclic acceptor, cyclobis(paraquat-p-phenylene). Moreover, a prototype rotaxane based on a bis(pyrrolo)-TTF was prepared and studied.
Novel roles of semaphorin-3E in the regulation of phenotypes and functions of natural killer cells and dendritic cells

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Natural killer (NK) cell is an important innate immune cell that mediates direct antiviral and antitumor immunity. Dendritic cells (DCs) are antigen-presenting cells that undergo maturation/activation programs to link innate and adaptive immunity, and to regulate specific adaptive T cell responses. Semaphorin-3E (Sema-3E) is a member of the semaphorin family of proteins that play diverse regulatory functions in various immune responses in vitro and in vivo upon binding to the receptor PlexinD1. Whether Sema-3E and its cognate receptor PlexinD1 were involved in the regulation of NK-cell and DC phenotypes and functions, and thereby NK/DC crosstalk remained to be investigated. First, I investigated the role of Sema-3E in regulating NK cell development and function. I observed that Sema-3E deficiency did not affect NK cell development, the major NK cell receptors, or cell migration properties. Interestingly, I observed that Sema-3E-deficient NK cells were impaired in cell-mediated cytotoxicity and cytokine release. Next, I investigated the role of Sema-3E in regulating DC phenotype and function. I found that Sema-3E-deficient mice displayed higher CD11c+ cell number in bone marrow-derived DCs (BMDCs). Moreover, immature and mature splenic DCs from Sema-3E-deficient mice display an altered MHC class II phenotype. Of interest, Sema-3E-deficient immature and LPS-matured BMDCs showed upregulated expression of IL-12/IL-23p40 whereas Sema-3E-deficient immature splenic DCs downregulated IL-12/IL-23p40 compared to wild type (WT) controls. Sema-3E binds directly to PlexinD1to mediate different effector functions. Interestingly, steady-state PlexinD1-deficient BMDCs displayed higher production levels of proinflammatory cytokines, including IFN-γ, IL-12/IL-23p40, and IL-6. PlexinD1-deficient LPS-matured splenic DCs, but not BMDCs, selectively upregulated IFN-γ and IL-12/IL-23p40. Lastly, I investigated the role of Sema-3E in regulating NK cell migration in NK/DC crosstalk. I observed that the conditioned medium of immature Sema-3E-deficient BMDCs contained higher MCP-1 and MIP-1α chemokine levels compared to WT controls. Unlike for BMDCs, the conditioned medium of Sema-3E-deficient immature and LPS-matured splenic DCs did not affect NK cell migration. Together, these findings established novel roles of Sema-3E in the regulation of NK-cell and DC functions. The latter could be important in understanding immune dys-regulation in allergic asthma and/or future development of immunotherapy for cancer and infectious diseases.
A computerized model of the fleet personnel distribution system.

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract : The report describes the development and operational test of a computerized personnel distribution model designed to simulate the distribution functions of the Pacific Fleet Enlisted Personnel Distribution Office (EPDOPAC). This model consists of the Sort-Match model, which is designed to perform the function of screening personnel made available to the EPDO by BUPERS, and the Quota Determination model which equitably allocates to the type commands those personnel who are not assigned by the Sort-Match model. The report also describes other current research concerned with personnel assignment, prediction techniques, policy-testing techniques, and personnel rotation. Some description is also presented on long range research plans which include development of a completely integrated all-Navy Personnel Assignment, Distribution, and Rotation model (PADRO model), automation of certain other aspects of the distribution and assignment system, development of a fleet personnel data bank, and the design of an information retrieval model. (Author)
A ground-penetrating radar survey of late Holocene fluvial sediments in NW Namibian river valleys: characterization and comparison

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Fine-grained terraces and coarse-grained channel fills that represent episodes of late Holocene valley aggradation are used as geoarchives for palaeohydrological reconstructions in many arid regions of the world (e.g. southwestern USA, Australia, Israel and the Namib Desert). In Namibia, previous work on the sediment texture and facies of these valley fills has led to diverse interpretations of the depositional environment, including river-end, palaeoflood and floodout. Here we show, using ground-penetrating radar (GPR) profiles across four complex river channels to image sedimentological and stratigraphical structures, that the GPR images can be grouped into eight ’radar facies’ (reflection patterns). A combination of radar facies analysis and groundcheck (exposures, boreholes) has been used to interpret the radar profiles. By considering the geomorphological–sedimentological features and age determinations of the fluvial deposits described by earlier researchers and supplemented by our own investigations, we explain the late Holocene fine-grained terraces and coarse-grained channel fills as deposits accumulated during floods. Although the GPR results alone cannot conclusively resolve the fine-grained terrace deposits either as river-end or as slackwater accumulation, the novel combination of GPR, geomorphological findings and results from the literature provides evidence for our interpretation.