jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Preliminary description of biocidal (syringomycin) activity in fluorescent plant pathogenic Pseudomonas species

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Strains representing the fluorescent plant pathogenic Pseudomonas spp., Ps. agarici, Ps. asplenii, Ps. avellanae, Ps. beteli, Ps. caricapapayae, Ps. cichorii, Ps. corrugata, Ps. ficuserectae, Ps. flectens, Ps. fuscovaginae, Ps. marginalis, Ps. meliae, Ps. savastanoi, Ps. syringae, Ps. tolaasii and Ps. viridiflava were tested for biocidal activity using Aspergillus niger as assay organism. Inhibitory behaviour was found in strains of Ps. asplenii, Ps. blatchfordae, Ps. cichorii, Ps. corrugata, Ps. fuscovaginae, Ps. marginalis, Ps. marginalis pv. pastinacea, Ps. syringae pv. syringae, Ps. syringae pv. aptata, Ps. syringae pv. atrofaciens, Ps. syringae pv. lapsa, Ps. tolaasii, and strains of a Pseudomonas sp. pathogenic to Actinidia, in the Ps. savastanoi genomic sp. Antifungal activity could be identified with the production of members of the syringomycin family of toxins by strains in Ps. syringae, Ps. asplenii and Ps. fuscovaginae. These toxin reactions support suggestions made elsewhere of the synonym of the latter two species. In a preliminary characterization using tests for stability to heat, protease, acid and alkaline treatments, unknown toxins consistent with syringomycin-like toxins the strains from Actinidia species. The toxins from Ps. cichorii and from Ps. corrugata differed in their reactions from all other agents. Pseudomonas tolaasii produces the antifungal compound tolaasin. The white line reaction with Ps. reactions, a test for tolaasin production by strains of Ps. tolaasii, was confirmed as specific for this compound. Some of these low molecular weight toxins may be produced by some of these plant pathogenic strains.
An Exploratory Study on the Festive Meaning of Marathon Event Participants

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this paper is to explore the meaning of festival to the participants in marathon events using Q methodology. This Q factor analysis finally identified 3 factors: The first factor, The Community Consciousness Enjoyment, through the process of sharing and enjoying common hobbies, encouraging and cheering each other, they feel the meaning of sympathy for friendship and homogeneity that overcomes difficulties. The second factor, The Overcoming the Limitations of the Mind and Body, They feel catharsis through accomplishment and achieving their goal through the process of fighting with themselves. The final factor, The Escape from Everyday Life, They are recognized as a different experience that is difficult to encounter in everyday life, such as getting out of daily life, going though the training process of patience, getting support and encouragement from each other.
Molecular biology of rotaviruses. IV. Molecular cloning of the bovine rotavirus genome

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

A new cloning strategy has been developed for cloning the genomes of double-stranded RNA viruses by using bovine rotavirus as a test system. The major modification adopted was the use of denatured polyadenylated double-stranded RNA as the template for reverse transcriptase. This allowed the two complementary strands of cDNA to be synthesized in a single reaction and removed the need for S1 nuclease digestion to remove the 5' hairpin structure normally generated in cDNA synthesis.
Recombinant Cyclodextrinase fromThermococcus kodakarensisKOD1: Expression, Purification, and Enzymatic Characterization

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

A gene encoding a cyclodextrinase from Thermococcus kodakarensis KOD1 (CDase-Tk) was identified and characterized. The gene encodes a protein of 656 amino acid residues with a molecular mass of 76.4 kDa harboring four conserved regions found in all members of the α -amylase family. A recombinant form of the enzyme was purified by ion-exchange chromatography, and its catalytic properties were examined. The enzyme was active in a broad range of pH conditions (pHs 4.0–10.0), with an optimal pH of 7.5 and a temperature optimum of 65°C. The purified enzyme preferred to hydrolyze β -cyclodextrin (CD) but not α - or γ -CD, soluble starch, or pullulan. The final product from β -CD was glucose. TheVmaxandKmvalues were 3.13 ± 0.47 U mg −1 and 2.94 ± 0.16 mg mL −1 for β -CD. The unique characteristics of CDase-Tk with a low catalytic temperature and substrate specificity are discussed, and the starch utilization pathway in a broad range of temperatures is also proposed.
Development of antimalaria immunity in mice lacking IFN-gamma receptor.

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Abstract IFN-gamma receptor deficient (IFN-gamma R-/-) mice, immunized with different developmental stages of malaria parasites, were used to define the mechanisms of protection against the various stages of this infection. IFN-gamma R-/- mice failed to develop protective immunity against Plasmodium yoelii sporozoites or liver stages, upon immunization with a single dose of irradiated sporozoites, whereas in immunized wild-type mice, parasite development was strongly inhibited. Immunized wild-type mice expressed high levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA in their liver, upon challenge with viable sporozoites, whereas only background levels of iNOS were detected in immunized IFN-gamma R-/- mice. In contrast, after immunization with multiple doses of irradiated sporozoites, both IFN-gamma R-/- and wild-type mice mounted an immune response, which strongly inhibited the development of liver stage parasites. In both types of mice, protection occurred in the absence of appreciable expression of liver iNOS mRNA. As for the course of the erythrocytic phase of infection by nonlethal malaria species, P. yoelii yoelii and P. chabaudi adami, we observed only a moderately prolonged parasitemia in IFN-gamma R-/- mice compared with wild-type mice, indicating that IFN-gamma may only play a modest role in immunity against erythrocytic stages. These results indicate that IFN-gamma is the main mediator of the protective mechanism that develops first upon immunization with sporozoites. However, the nature of the anti-parasite mechanism(s) changes in the course of immunization, so that multiple immunizing doses elicit additional protective mechanisms, which are independent of IFN-gamma and its receptor.
PECULIARITIES OF AGGRESSION IN MILITARY SERVICES IN CONNECTION WITH CONDITIONS OF SERVICE AND MILITARY RANK

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The article is dedicated to the question of finding and developing new approaches to the creation of a new model of internal troops of Ukraine and modernization of military formations that would meet modern needs, oriented to the protection of state interests, is remaining urgent since the declaration of independence of Ukraine. However, along with a number of other problems, the study of the psychological status of the personnel of the internal troops in the changed conditions of service organization is important. From a sufficiently wide range of relevant issues in need of coverage, one can distinguish such as the study of the peculiarities of the formation of service relationships of servicemen and members of ordinary and managerial staff in the event of the emergence of a contractual form of service. Particular attention should also be paid to the issue of psychological support for members of the ranks during the adaptation period, when the inner world of the individual is restructured, they life is adjusted, and they life is adapted to the requirements of the military environment. The service places high demands on the mental health of the staff, as it involves increased risk factors, uncertain information, high responsibility for work outcomes, psychological and physical immaturity of some recruits; problems of interpersonal relationships and cases of conflict situations. These risk factors cause these individuals to reduce mood, emotional imbalance, seclusion, self-doubt and including aggression.
Diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Osteoporosis, falls and low-energy fractures have a high prevalence in elderly, which is increasing in the presence of diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM). Patients with T2DM have a low rate of bone metabolism, a pronounced change in bone microarchitecture. The use of trabecular bone score in evaluating of densitometry and the FRAX scale improves the sensitivity of the methods in patients with diabetes. Integrated approach is required in elderly patient with type 2 diabetes and includes assessment of geriatric status, diabetes status, correction of multiple complications of diabetes, carbohydrate metabolism, vitamin D deficiency, selection of the most effective hypoglycemic and anti-osteoporetic therapy and development of preventive and treatment methods aimed to reduce falls risk and fractures rate.
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in the development of endometriosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Endometriosis, an estrogen-dependent chronic gynecological disease, is common in reproductive-age women and profoundly affects their life quality. Although various pathogenic theories have been proposed, the origin of endometriosis remains unclear. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a process that epithelial cells lose polarized organization of the cytoskeleton and cell-to-cell contacts, acquiring the high motility of mesenchymal cells. These changes are thought to be prerequisites for the original establishment of endometriotic lesions. However, no study exactly indicates which type of EMT occurs in endometriosis. In this review, we conclude that two different types of EMT may participate in this disease. Besides, two stimulating signals, hypoxia and estrogen, can through different pathways to activate the EMT process in endometriosis. Those pathways involve many cellular factors such as TGF-beta and Wnt, ultimately leading to cell proliferation and migration. As infertility is becoming a serious and intractable issue for women, EMT, during the implantation process, is gaining attention. In this review, we will describe the known functions of EMT in endometriosis, and suggest further studies that may aid in the development of medical therapy.
A Study on Harmonic Resonance in a DFIG Wind Turbine-generator Connected to a Distribution Power Line

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

There were telecommunication noise and malfunctions of the electronic devices occurred over a wide area due to the high harmonic voltage and/or current levels of the Back-to-back converter in the DFIG wind power system even though the magnitude of all harmonics is within the international standards. The triangular carrier signals of the PWM used in the power converter system is related to the telecommunication noise because they are in the range of audible frequencies and amplified by a variety of the standing waves that were excited by harmonic voltage sources in the weak grid system such as a long distance distribution transmission lines. This paper describes the characteristics of the harmonics in the wind turbine-generator, numerical analysis and simulation of the harmonics resonance phenomena in the distribution lines as well as measuring induced voltage of the telecommunication lines in parallel with power lines in order to verify the root cause of the telecommunication noise. These noise problems can occur in a wind turbine power system with a non-linear converter at any time, as well as photovoltaic power system. So, the preliminary review of suitable filter devices and switching frequencies of the PWM have to be required by considering the stability of the controller at the design stage but as part of the measures the effect of the telecommunication cable shields was analyzed by comparing the measured data between multi-conductor with/without shields so as to attenuate the sources of the harmonics voltage induced into the telecommunication lines and to apply the most cost-effective measures in the field.
Identity and Death: An Empirical Investigation

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Marcia's (1966) identity status approach was employed in the examination of an existential domain of identity—conceptualized as a component of ideological identity, and operationalized as a multidimensional set of death orientations. Paralleling the identity status constructs of exploration and commitment, the underlying constructs of this domain were proposed to be death contemplation and acceptance. A sample of 149 university undergraduates under the age of 30 completed a questionnaire comprising scales representing the proposed dimensions of contemplation and acceptance, as well as a measure of identity status. A series of multiple regressions indicated that interpersonal achievement status was associated with neutral acceptance (the acceptance of death as a natural part of life); ideological moratorium status was associated with death contemplation, fear, and avoidance; ideological foreclosure status was associated with both approach acceptance (the acceptance of death as a gateway to an afterlife) and escape acceptance (the acceptance of death as a release from pain); ideological diffusion status was negatively associated with both escape and approach acceptance and a view of death as purposeful. These results suggest that existential contemplation occurs but is not resolved in the context of ideological identity development during adolescence and young adulthood. Death acceptance in this population seems more related to either a sense of self that extends to others (an achieved interpersonal identity) or the adoption of a traditional religious belief in an afterlife.
Exploring Low-Cost Platforms for Automatic Chess Digitization

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Automatic digitization of chess games through computer vision poses a considerable technological challenge. This capability holds significant appeal for tournament organizers and both amateur and professional players, enabling them to broadcast over-the-board (OTB) games online or facilitate in-depth analysis with chess engines. While existing research provides encouraging results, there's an ongoing demand to enhance recognition accuracy and minimize processing delays, particularly when leveraging affordable hardware. In our study, we adapted these techniques specifically for cost-effective single-board computers like the Nvidia Jetson Nano. Our framework combines a swift chessboard detection method with a Convolutional Neural Network for piece recognition. Notably, it can interpret an image of a chessboard setup in under a second, achieving accuracies of 92% in piece identification and 95% in board detection. Furthermore, we assessed a custom open-hardware platform equipped with affordable, low-power RISC-V processors. On their own, these processors were inadequate for real-time tasks. However, when paired with a systolic array accelerator, their performance significantly improved, yielding promising results in both piece classification and board detection.
Friction Coefficient on Snowy and Icy Surfaces of Pneumatic Tires Fitted with or without Anti-Skid Devices

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The dynamic performances respectively of a front- and a rear wheel drive car on icy and snowy surfaces has been assessed. Winter pneumatic tires, new anti-slip wheelsocks, and snow chains were tested. The three accelerations and the three angular velocities at the centre of gravity were measured, together with the angular speeds of all axles. The maximum traction force was also measured. Proper maneuvers to investigate both longitudinal and lateral vehicle dynamic behaviour have been performed and a complete analysis of the collected data is presented. The results confirmed the observation that snow chains allow always the best performances on both icy and snowy surfaces.</div>
Survey on the knowledge and practices in anorexia of aging diagnosis and management in Japan

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Anorexia of aging (AA) is a condition in older adults that includes loss of appetite and reduced food intake. There is a lack of detailed analysis of the potential influence of educational initiatives in addressing AA. This study aimed to clarify the current state of knowledge and practice regarding AA and its relationship with the availability of continuing education opportunities among Japanese healthcare professionals involved in treating older patients. Methods The Japan Geriatrics Society and the Japanese Association on Sarcopenia and Frailty, in collaboration with the Society on Sarcopenia, Cachexia, and Wasting Disorders, conducted an online questionnaire survey on the knowledge and practices in AA detection and management. Questions were asked in the areas of demographics, screening, definition/diagnosis, treatment, referral, and awareness, with those who ‘participate’ in continuing education and professional development programmes in nutrition for their patients were classified as the ‘education group’ and those who ‘do not participate’ were classified as the ‘non‐education group’. The results for each question were compared. Results The analysis included 870 participants (physicians, 48%; registered dietitians, 16%; rehabilitation therapists, 14%; pharmacists, 12%; nurses, 6%; and other professionals, 5%). The education group (45%) was more likely than the non‐education group (55%) to use the Mini‐Nutritional Assessment Short Form (MNA‐SF) to screen for AA (49% vs. 27%) and less likely not to use a validated tool (33% vs. 47%). More participants used evidence‐based tools and materials for AA care (38% vs. 12%), and fewer used their clinical judgement (23% vs. 35%) or were unaware of the tools and materials (9% vs. 23%). The proportion using a team of professionals experienced in AA care were 47% and 24% of the education and non‐education groups, respectively. By profession, few physicians used specific validated tools and resources for AA screening and treatment. More than half of the dietitians used the MNA‐SF regardless of training opportunity availability. Regarding professional availability and team use, differences in educational opportunities were particularly large among physicians. Conclusions Participation in continuing education programmes on nutrition is associated with responsiveness to AA screening and treatment and the availability of a team of professionals, which may influence the quality of AA treatment. Nutrition education may support the confidence of healthcare professionals working with older adults in AA with complex clinical signs and encourage them to conduct evidence‐based practice.
The Effects of Suppression of Dilation on the Shear Strength of Sands

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

It is known that peak angle of friction (_p^') for sands decreases as normal stress increases until critical state. The suppression of dilation of sands as normal stresses increase results in particle breakage, which contributes to this reduction in peak strength. There is still disagreement regarding how suppression of dilation and particle breakage affects sands critical state angle of friction (_cs^'). A total of 178 direct shear tests on three different sand types were completed to investigate the effects of suppression of dilation on the shear strength of sands, as well as effects of particle size, shape and sample size. _p^' decreased with suppression of dilation as expected. In general, _cs^' decreased by 7-9.5o as dilation was suppressed, and was found to decrease with increasing particle size. Particle shape showed less influence on _cs^' as dilation was suppressed. The effects of particle shape and sample size on _cs^' were more difficult to quantify.
High Resolution Soft X-ray Spectroscopy and the Quest for the Hot (5–10 MK) Plasma in Solar Active Regions

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We discuss the diagnostics available to study the 5–10 MK plasma in the solar corona, which is key to understanding the heating in the cores of solar active regions. We present several simulated spectra, and show that excellent diagnostics are available in the soft X-rays, around 100 Å, as six ionization stages of Fe can simultaneously be observed, and electron densities derived, within a narrow spectral region. As this spectral range is almost unexplored, we present an analysis of available and simulated spectra, to compare the hot emission with the cooler component. We adopt recently designed multilayers to present estimates of count rates in the hot lines, with a baseline spectrometer design. Excellent count rates are found, opening up the exciting opportunity to obtain high-resolution spectroscopy of hot plasma.
Full-Body Collision Detection and Reaction with Omnidirectional Mobile Platforms: A Step Towards Safe Human-Robot Interaction

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we develop estimation and control methods for quickly reacting to collisions between omnidirectional mobile platforms and their environment. To enable the full-body detection of external forces, we use torque sensors located in the robot's drivetrain. Using model based techniques we estimate, with good precision, the location, direction, and magnitude of collision forces, and we develop an admittance controller that achieves a low effective mass in reaction to them. For experimental testing, we use a facility containing a calibrated collision dummy and our holonomic mobile platform. We subsequently explore collisions with the dummy colliding against a stationary base and the base colliding against a stationary dummy. Overall, we accomplish fast reaction times and a reduction of impact forces. A proof of concept experiment presents various parts of the mobile platform, including the wheels, colliding safely with humans.
Factors underlying prevalence of alcohol consumption among female undergraduates in Singapore

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study seeks to examine the underlying causes and uncover potential factors that can significantly explain the drinking behaviour of full-time female university students pursuing their first-degree courses. A total of 475 respondents from Nanyang Technological University and National University of Singapore were randomly selected to participate in the research and they are mostly aged between 18 to 24 years.
Antibacterial activity of essential oils and their active components from Thai spices against foodborne pathogens

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

As the popularity of organic food especially fresh vegetables is increasing, it is a common practice to replace chemical fertilizers by manure which leads to high bacterial contamination.Some essential oils such as Thymus vulgaris (thyme) and Ocimum basilicum (basil) oils reduce spoilage flora and foodborne pathogens when used in washing water.This information prompted us to search for effective essential oils from Thai spices for vegetable washing products.Seven out of nine essential oils; fingerroot (Boesenbergia pandurata (Roxb.)Schltr.),galanga (Alpinia galanga (L.) Willd.), holy basil (Ocimum tenuiflorum L.), makrut leaf, makrut peel (Citrus hystrix DC.), sweet basil (O.basilicum L.), and turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) oils showed antibacterial activity.The active components were identified by thin layer chromatography (TLC) bioautography, preparative TLC, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.The results indicated that the active components were major components of the oils.The essential oils exhibited higher potency than their active components suggesting that the whole essential oils were more suitable than the pure compounds for product development.