jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A new mobile LIDAR system for atmospheric aerosol research

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

We have designed and constructed a new Compact Cloud and Aerosol Lidar (ComCAL) for atmospheric research in the troposphere. The main features of this lidar system are as follows: A Nd:YAG Laser (Quantel Brilliant) emits laser pulses at 1064 nm, 532 nm, and 355 nm vertically into the atmosphere with a repitition rate of 20 Hz. In order to reduce the divergence the beam is expanded fivefold of its original diameter. The backscattered light is collected by a telescope in a Newtonian configuration and 40 cm aperture. The sending and emitting optics including the laser head are all mounted to one rigid, actively temperature stabilized frame in order to achieve maximum stability of the system and to avoid the necessity of realignment even under difficult conditions.
Density Functional Theory Study of Several Nitrotriazole Derivatives

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Quantum chemical calculations at B3LYP/6-31G* and B3P86/6-31G* levels are used to predict the bond dissociation energies (BDEs) of seven nitrotriazole derivatives. It is noted that the BDEs of the initial scission step are between 44 and 70 kcal/mol, which are larger than those of piperidine and diazocine compounds and polynitro benzoate molecules. In addition, substituent groups greatly affect the bond dissociation energies of the title compounds. The heats of formation (HOFs) for seven energetic materials are also calculated via designed isodesmic reactions. From computational results it is noted that substituent groups strongly affect the HOFs. The research demonstrated that the HOF of the compound substituted by a five-membered ring is larger than those substituted by a six-membered ring for 1,2,4-triazole. The detonation performance data of the title compounds are also calculated according to the HOFs calculated by B3LYP/6-31G* level.
Predetermined for Predestination? On the Assumed Notion of Predestination in the Dead Sea Scrolls

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The present article argues that the concept of predestination does not on the whole lend itself to Qumran studies. Unlike the writings of Augustine and Calvin, the scrolls contain nothing like a doctrine of predestination. The article reviews several texts from 1QS, 1QH, and CD, generally understood to reflect predestination, and suggests other ways of describing and interpreting the material.
Suspended views

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Land interaction and preservation in architecture is having a larger impact than ever. As the world’s population increases, so does the space required to build on to support the people of the world. Time and time again, we see beautiful landscapes flattened and leveled to support this and it is impacting our natural environment in multiple ways. This presentation is a proposal of a way we can build on difficult landscapes without leveling the area completely and preserving our natural topography that the world has come to love. This example of how we can do this is called the Gatlinburg Cultural Center. The Gatlinburg Cultural Center is a multi-use venue located on the hillsides above the downtown area. The site location comes with amazing views of the Appalachia Mountains around the city and has various locations of steep terrains to build on. The way that this site works without leveling the area is using a series of cantilevered structures branching out from a middle point. Doing this in all directions gives the venue a “floating” feeling for the guests that come to the venue. Thus, serving the area while also paying homage to the land and culture around it.
Coexistence of localized and extended states in the Anderson model with long-range hopping

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We study states arising from fluctuations in the disorder potential in systems with long-range hopping. Here, contrary to systems with short-range hopping, the optimal fluctuations of disorder responsible for the formation of the states in the gap, are not rendered shallow and long-range when $E$ approaches the band edge ($E\to 0$). Instead, they remain deep and short-range. The corresponding electronic wave functions also remain short-range-localized for all $E<0$. This behavior has striking implications for the structure of the wave functions slightly above $E=0$. By a study of finite systems, we demonstrate that the wave functions $Ψ_E$ transform from a localized to a quasi-localized type upon crossing the $E=0$ level, forming resonances embedded in the $E>0$ continuum. The quasi-localized $Ψ_{E>0}$ consists of a short-range core that is essentially the same as $Ψ_{E=0}$ and a delocalized tail extending to the boundaries of the system. The amplitude of the tail is small, but it decreases with $r$ slowly. Its contribution to the norm of the wave function dominates for sufficiently large system sizes, $L\gg L_c(E)$; such states behave as delocalized ones. In contrast, in small systems, $L\ll L_c(E)$, quasi-localized states are overwhelmingly dominated by the localized cores and are effectively localized.
Pristane modulates specific changes on T cell dependent pathway of lupus in non-F1 BALB/c mice

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Animal modeling for lupus is a crucial step in the process of discovering efficacious drugs. There are many drug candidates that have potential benefits for the treatment of lupus, but finding an appropriate model remains challenging. The appropriate model based on the literature is an induction model that uses 2,6,10,14 tetramethylpentadecane (TMPD) in female Balb/c mice. The TMPD increases the probability of damage beyond lupus, to the joint and kidneys. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to develop a lupus model by TMPD to test a drug candidate. The experimental method was measuring many biomarkers involved in the TMPD mechanism to obtain lupus-like disease mice. We measured CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ and CD4+CD62L+ T-regs, CD123+IFN-?+ dendritic cells (flow cytometry); total leukocytes (Turk staining); anti-Sm antibody (ELISA); and renal and joint histology (HE staining). After the 6th month, there were reduction (p<0.05) of the T regulatory percentage of CD4+CD25L+ T cells (Naïve=19.39±3.06%, TMPD-treated=5.72±3.43%) and CD25+FOXP3 + T cells (Naïve=10.32±4.47%, TMPD-treated=7.70±4.47%), meanwhile, the IFN-? increased significantly (p<0.05), (Naïve=6.92±8.67%, TMPD-treated=11.42±0.95%), and the total leukocytes increased (p<0.05) (Naïve=9,800±1,698, TMPD-treated=17,500±1,490 cells/mm3). The anti-Sm antibody was also present in the TMPD-treated mice as one cause which led to renal and joint structural disorders. The biomarkers were analyzed by using Independent T-test, so this positive lupus model with its tested biomarkers is valid and can be used to test drugs for lupus.
The Distribution and Habitat ofCentruroides hentzi(Banks) (Scorpiones, Buthidae) in Georgia

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Field collections made by the authors in pineland ecosystems in southern Georgia during 2011 significantly expand the previously published range limits of the scorpion Centruroides hentzi in Georgia. We commonly found specimens beneath the exfoliating bark of Pinus palustris (Longleaf Pine) and P. elliottii (Slash Pine) snags, stumps, and logs in sandhills and pine flatwoods habitats, documenting this scorpion from 50 sites in 34 south Georgia counties, and extending the known range of C. hentzi 150 km north (from near Waycross, Ware County, GA) to Statesboro, Bulloch County, GA. Our collections indicate that the species is widespread in pine-dominated uplands throughout much of the lower and middle Coastal Plain of southern Georgia. We comment on the life history, ecology, and habitat requirements of the species based on this survey and the existing literature. In Georgia, C. hentzi is a characteristic associate of Longleaf Pine and Slash Pine ecosystems, is often locally abundant, and is part of an arthropod-vertebrate food web that includes the endangered Picoides borealis (Red-cockaded Woodpecker).
Predicting Psychotic-Like Experiences during Sensory Deprivation

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Aims . This study aimed to establish the contribution of hallucination proneness, anxiety, suggestibility, and fantasy proneness to psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) reported during brief sensory deprivation. Method . Twenty-four high and 22 low hallucination-prone participants reported on PLEs occurring during brief sensory deprivation and at baseline. State/trait anxiety, suggestibility, and fantasy proneness were also measured. Results . Both groups experienced a significant increase in PLEs in sensory deprivation. The high hallucination prone group reported more PLEs both at baseline and in sensory deprivation. They also scored significantly higher on measures of state/trait anxiety, suggestibility, and fantasy proneness, though these did not explain the effects of group or condition. Regression analysis found hallucination proneness to be the best predictor of the increase in PLEs, with state anxiety also being a significant predictor. Fantasy proneness and suggestibility were not significant predictors. Conclusion . This study suggests the increase in PLEs reported during sensory deprivation reflects a genuine aberration in perceptual experience, as opposed to increased tendency to make false reports due to suggestibility of fantasy proneness. The study provides further support for the use of sensory deprivation as a safe and effective nonpharmacological model of psychosis.
Effects of Characteristics of Representative Underwriting Companies on IPO Firms : Evidence from KOSDAQ Market

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

[연구목적] 본 논문은 대표주관사의 특성이 코스닥시장 신규상장기업의 수익률과 재무보고품질에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. [연구방법] 구체적으로, 대표주관사의 주요특성인 직전연도 시장조성자 지정 여부와 직전연도 순자본비율에 중점을 두고, 2014년부터 2019년까지 264개의 표본을 활용하여 실증분석하였다. [연구결과] 분석결과, 직전연도 시장조성자 지정 여부는 상장일 수익률과 유의한 양(＋)의 관계, 직전연도 순자본비율은 Kothari et al.(2005)의 성과－조정 재량적발생액과 유의한 음(－)의 관계를 나타내었다. 이는 대표주관사가 수익성 있는 신규상장기업을 선별할 수 있는 능력과 신규상장기업의 이익조정 유인을 줄일 수 있는 능력을 보유하고 있다고 해석할 수 있다. [정책적 시사점] 본 논문은 대표주관사의 선행연구를 확장하고, 대표주관사의 개별 특성을 활용하여 대표주관사가 신규상장기업의 수익률과 재무보고품질에 미치는 영향에 대한 실증결과를 제시하였다. 또한 대표주관사의 신규상장기업에 대한 책임 강화와 관련된 정책적 시사점을 제공하였다.
A Fast Diagnosis Method of Escalator Reversal Faults Based on Dynamic Information and Multiattribute Decision-Making

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

There are many reasons for escalator reversal failure, and the reasons are distributed in different locations. It is difficult to locate the specific location of the fault in the actual fault troubleshooting. At the same time, the information related to the failure is not used in the troubleshooting, so there is a problem of inefficient troubleshooting. To this end, this paper proposes a multiattribute decision-making method that integrates dynamic information and gives the optimal troubleshooting order to improve the efficiency of the troubleshooting. First of all, according to the structure of the escalator components, the escalator reversal fault tree is established. Secondly, a static decision matrix is established by comprehensively considering the failure probability, search cost, and influence degree of the bottom event of the fault tree. Finally, the influence matrix of information on each attribute is given by the dynamic information obtained in troubleshooting, the static decision fusion influence matrix determines the dynamic decision matrix, the dynamic decision matrix is weighted and normalized, and the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution is used to determine the optimal troubleshooting order. Taking the reversal failure of a certain type of escalators as an example, the method of multiattribute decision-making of fusion dynamic information is used to shorten the troubleshooting time, improve the efficiency of troubleshooting, and verify the effectiveness of this method.
Natrix natrix: Aghasyan, A., Avci, A., Tuniyev, B., Crnobrnja-Isailović, J., Lymberakis, P., Andrén, C., Cogălniceanu, D., Ananjeva, N.B., Üzüm, N., Orlov, N.L., Podloucky, R., Tuniyev, S., Kaya, U., Ajtic, R., Vogrin, M., Corti, C., Pérez Mellado, V., Sá-Sousa, P., Cheylan, M., Pleguezuelos, J., Sterijovski, B., Nettmann, H.K., Borczyk, B., Schmidt, B., Meyer, A., Lau, M., Borkin, L., Milto, K., Golynsky, E., Belouskova, A., Rustamov, A, Nuridjanov, D. & Munkhbayar, K.

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Established in 1964, the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species has evolved to become the world’s most comprehensive information source on the global conservation status of animal, fungi and plant species.
Clinical response to Nabiximols correlates with the downregulation of immune pathways in multiple sclerosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background and purpose Nabiximols (Sativex ® ) is a cannabinoid‐based compound used for the treatment of moderate to severe spasticity in multiple sclerosis ( MS ). The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of the administration of Nabiximols on blood transcriptome profile of patients with MS and to interpret it in the context of pathways and networks. Methods Whole‐genome expression profiling was performed in whole blood of 33 subjects with MS at baseline and after 4 weeks of drug treatment. Patients were classified as responders ( n = 19) and non‐responders ( n = 14). Pathway and network analyses on genes modulated by the drug were performed, followed by in vitro stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells with pro‐inflammatory agents to support the immunomodulatory properties of the drug. Results Individual effect size was modest; however, we observed a downregulation of several immune‐related pathways after 4 weeks of treatment, which was more pronounced when restricting analyses to responders. Interesting hub molecules functionally related to the immune system emerged from network analysis, including NFKB 1 , FYN , MAP 14 and TP 53 . The immunomodulatory properties of the drug were confirmed through in vitro assays in peripheral blood mononuclear cells collected from patients with MS . Conclusions Our findings support the immunomodulatory activity of cannabinoids in patients with MS . Further studies in more specific cell types are needed to refine these results.
State Transitions and Crystalline Structures of Single Polyethylene Rings: MD Simulations

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

This study investigates the structural changes of cyclic polyethylene (PE) single chains during cooling through molecular dynamics simulations. The influence of topological constraint on a ring is examined by comparing it with the results of its linear counterpart. A pseudo phase diagram of state transition for PE rings based on length and temperature is constructed, revealing a consistent chain-folding transition during cooling. The shape anisotropy of short crystallized cyclic chains exhibits oscillations with chain length, leading to a more pronounced odd-even effect in single cyclic chains compared with the linear ones. A honeycomb model is proposed to elucidate the odd-even effect of chain folding in crystalline structures of single linear and cyclic chains, and we discuss its potential to predict surface tension. Analyses of the tight folding model and the re-entry modes demonstrate that a cyclic chain possesses a shorter average crystalline stem length and a more compact folded structure than its linear counterpart. The findings highlight the impact of topological change on crystallization and the odd-even effect of chain length, providing valuable insights for understanding polymer crystallization with different topologies.
Sequential least-squares estimation and the electrical-network problem

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Fundamental relationships existing between the electrical-network problem and least-squares estimation theory are illustrated, and the theorems of least power associated with the equilibrium conditions of physical systems are shown to correspond to the mathematical concepts of least-squares theory. The solution of the electrical-network problem based on Kron's method of tearing and interconnection is considered, and is shown to incorporate an iterative technique which also forms the basis for sequential least-squares data fitting.
Political Awareness and Campaign Influence in the 1997 Scottish Devolution Referendum

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

According to Zaller (1992: 124-8), the relationship between levels of awareness and the effect of campaign messages on opinion is non-monotonic: voters with high and low awareness are least affected by campaigning; their opinions, or lack of opinions, remain consistent across the campaign. Voters with medium awareness levels are the most likely to change their opinion during a campaign. Campaigning is likely to influence voters' positions on referendum issues. The infrequency of referendums in the UK may mean voters lack knowledge of referendum issues. The nature of the referendum context may prevent voters from relying on tried and tested heuristics to distinguish between the referendum options. The referendum campaign provides voters with information about the issue and arguments for and against the proposition. However, exposure to the campaign and susceptibility to its messages may depend on levels of political awareness. This article tests Zaller's claims against the evidence of campaign influence on voters in the 1997 Scottish devolution referendum.
Specific Language Impairment: Defining the Disorder and Identifying Its Symptoms in Preschool Children

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The aim of this short paper is three fold: Firstly, it is to define Specific Language Impairment (SLI) and to identify the various symptoms of the disorder so as to establish a better understanding of these children through interaction with them, their parents, and other allied professionals, and how to go about designing an appropriate lesson to work with such children. Secondly, it introduces SLI within the Triple-D framework which encompasses Diagnostics (which includes screening, assessment and evaluation), Dialogics (collaborative consultation and counseling) and Didactics (design of an intervention program and implementation of the program). It also touches briefly on the current application of the Triple-D framework in the early intervention program for preschool children with SLI carried out by early childhood educators in Singapore. Thirdly, this paper will illustrate with an example how to design an action lesson plan incorporating simple strategies to be used with such children.
Study Of Cu Free Back Contacts To Thin Film CdTe Solar Cells

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The goals of this project are study Cu free back contact alternatives for CdS/CdTe thin film solar cells, and to research dry etching for CdTe surface preparation before contact application. In addition, an attempt has been made to evaluate the stability of some of the contacts researched. The contacts studied in this work include ZnTe/Cu2Te, Sb2Te3, and Ni-P alloys.\nThe ZnTe/Cu2Te contact system is studied as basically an extension of the earlier work done on Cu2Te at USF. RF sputtering from a compound target of ZnTe and Cu2Te respectively deposits these layers on etched CdTe surface. The effect of Cu2Te thickness and deposition temperature on contact and cell performance will be studied with the ZnTe depositions conditions kept constant. C-V measurements to study the effect of contact deposition conditions on CdTe doping will also be performed. These contacts will then be stressed to high temperatures (70-100 degrees C) and their stability with stress time is analyzed.\nSb2Te3 will be deposited on glass using RF sputtering, to study film properties with deposition temperature. The Sb2Te3 contact performance will also be studied as a function of the Sb2Te3 deposition temperature and thickness. The suitability of Ni-P alloys for back contacts to CdTe solar cells was studied by forming a colloidal mixture of Ni2P in graphite paste. The Ni-P contacts, painted on Br-methanol etched CdTe surface, will be studied as a function of Ni-P concentration (in the graphite paste), annealing temperature and time. Some of these cells will undergo temperature stress testing to determine contact behavior with time.\nDry etching of CdTe will be studied as an alternative for wet etching processes currently used for CdTe solar cells. The CdTe surface is isotropically etched in a barrel reactor in N2, Ar or Ar:O2 ambient. The effect of etching ambient, pressure, plasma power and etch time on contact performance will be studied.
Biopolymeric fibrous scaffolds for tissue engineering

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Biopolymeric fibrous scaffolds made from biodegradable materials serves to mimic the extracellular matrix (ECM) which provides the cells with the appropriate biological environment for embryologic development, organogenesis, cell growth, and wound repair. In this report, the author would review the different techniques that are applied to construct the fibrous scaffolds, the different experimental parameters involved as well as the different types of commonly used materials. Furthermore, the report would also summarize the research work the author had done for the final year project. The work includes the use of electrospinning technique for fabrication of gelatin and collagen fibers as well as the characterization of these fibers. In addition, the author also investigated the application of the Transglutaminase (mTG)as the crosslinking enzyme for gelatin and the use of photochemical method for crosslinking of collagen fibers.
Historical pragmatics and dialogue:Early Modern English negatives and beyond

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Affirmatives and negatives raise interesting issues for both grammar and pragmatics. This paper focusses on the Early Modern English negatives no and nay, and their role in the question-response system. Using data from Shakespeare’s plays and corpus methods, we note the demise of 'nay', and the specific uses and pragmatic meanings of 'no' and 'nay'. We conclude by discussing our key findings in a broader theoretical and cross-linguistic perspective.
Determine The Effect of Exclusive Breastfeeding (ASI) and Utilizing Posyandu Services With Stunting Events in Age 6 - 24 Months In The Working Area of Air Dingin Primary Health Care

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Stunting is a chronic nutritional problem caused by a lack of nutrition in a long time, which is now Indonesia's main health problem. The research focuses on the effect of exclusive breastfeeding and utilization of Public Health Care services to the incidence of stunting in infants aged 6-24 months
Early prediction of post-pancreatectomy acute pancreatitis after pancreatoduodenectomy: the role of an electronic calculator

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Annotation. Early diagnosis and prognosis of post-pancreatectomy acute pancreatitis (PPAP) are key to choosing the optimal treatment tactics and reducing the risk of other complications in patients after pancreatoduodenectomy (PD). The study analyzed data from 296 patients who underwent PD to predict the development of PPAP. Using multiple linear discriminant analysis, six main risk factors for the development of PPAP were identified. Based on the results of the analysis of these factors, an electronic calculator was developed to predict the probability of developing PPAP on the first day after surgery (POD1). The calculator includes six factors: serum lipase level, pancreatic consistency, body mass index, pancreatogastrotomy, immunosuppressant use, and diabetes mellitus. The use of an electronic calculator is indicated when the level of serum lipase at POD1 < 648 U/L and allows predicting the development of PPAP in the early postoperative period based on six key factors with a predictive accuracy of 80,7%.