jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
ANALYTICAL METHODS DEVELOPMENT & VALIDATION FOR SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF LOPINAVIR & RITONAVIR IN PHARMACEUTICAL FORMULATION BY SIMULTANEOUS EQUATION METHOD USING UV SPECTROPHOTOMETRY

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The present work deals with the simultaneous estimation of Lopinavir and Ritonavir in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage form using the UV method.Shimadzu UV system was used for analysis.The solvent selected for analysis was acetonitrile: water (30:70v/v).The wavelength of Lopinavir and Ritonavir were found 257.5 nm and 240.0 nm respectively.The Linearity for simultaneous equation method was studied by plotting a graph Conc.Vs. absorbance, Linearity was observed in the concentration range 80-180µg/ml for Lopinavir and 10-60 µg/ml of Ritonavir Coefficient of correlation (R 2 ) was found to be 0.997 and 0.998 for Lopinavir and Ritonavir respectively.The LOD was found to be 2.379µg/ml and 0.66 µg/ml for Lopinavir and Ritonavir respectively.LOQ was found to be 7.21µg/ml and 2 µg/ml for Lopinavir and Ritonavir respectively.The developed method was employed for the analysis of marketing formulation.The amount of drug obtained was in accordance with label claim.The recovery studies were carried out at three levels, i.e.80 %, 100% and 120% by the standard addition method.The precision of the proposed method was also established.The method was found to be accurate and precise.
Socioeconomic evaluation of agroforestry systems (Case study: Northern Iran)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The aim of this research was to investigate the socioeconomic values of different land use in the agroforestry system. Questionnaires were used to collect social and economic data in two villages at Guilan province, northernIran. Internal Rate of Return (IRR) and Profitability Index (PI) were used for cost-benefit analysis. Net Present Value(NPV) of different farming systems was determined. ANOVA test was used to compare the outcomes of different landuse. The results indicated that there is a significant relationship between literacy and variety of land use in two villages. Results of IRR and PI indices show that these indices were higher in poplar plantation than in the other land use(paddy and tea field, horticulture and vegetable). Results of ANOVA test showed that there is a significant differencebetween net incomes from different farming systems in Tamchal village. Furthermore, the ANOVA test showed thatthere is no significant difference between net incomes from different farming systems in Narenj Bon Paeen village. Theresults showed that farmers tend to participate in training and promoting classes associated with the maximum use ofland. Chi-squared test was used in order to determine the effect of participation in training and promoting classes onmultiple uses of land, land use change, sericulture, and apiculture. The results of Chi-squared test showed that thereis a significant and positive relationship between people’s participation rates and the multiple use of land. In overall,results showed that traditional agroforestry systems provide a higher income than monoculture in the study area.
Lack of relation between venous plasma total catecholamine concentrations and ventricular arrhythmias after acute myocardial infarction.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Electrocardiographic tracings were recorded continuously to monitor ventricular tachycardia and R-on-T and R-on-apex-T ventricular premature beats, and repeated estimations of venous plasma total catecholamine concentrations were carried out in 26 patients admitted to a coronary care unit with acute myocardial infarction. No relation existed between the increased catecholamine concentrations found in these patients and the incidence of ventricular arrhythmias occurring six to 48 hours after the onset of symptoms.
Underwater coal mining in Kovin in Yugoslavia

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Discusses underwater mining of the Kovin brown coal deposit in Yugoslavia, influenced by the Danube. If conventional surface mining were used, mining cost would increase due to a high water influx (17 m/sup 3/ per 1 t coal) and construction of a water dam about 7.5 km long. Underwater mining is more economic. Overburden to coal ratio will amount to 3.8 to 1, coal reserves will increase by 44 Mt. Brown coal will be mined by a system of floating excavators with hydraulic coal transport to power plants. Three coal seams in the Kovin deposit are from 9 to 14 m thick. Types of floating excavators developed in Yugoslavia, overburden transport and storage at a local island and efficiency of underwater mining are analyzed.
Reliability of mobility measures in older medical patients with cognitive impairment

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Mobility is a key indicator of physical functioning in older people, but there is limited evidence of the reliability of mobility measures in older people with cognitive impairment. This study aimed to examine the test-retest reliability and measurement error of common measurement instruments of mobility and physical functioning in older patients with dementia, delirium or other cognitive impairment. Methods A cross-sectional study was performed in a geriatric hospital. Older acute medical patients with cognitive impairment, indicated by a Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score of ≤24 points, were assessed twice within 1 day by a trained physiotherapist. The following instruments were applied: de Morton Mobility Index, Hierarchical Assessment of Balance and Mobility, Performance-Oriented Mobility Assessment, Short Physical Performance Battery, 4-m gait speed, 5-times chair rise test, 2-min walk test, timed up and go test, Barthel Index mobility subscale and Functional Ambulation Categories. As appropriate, the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), Cohen’s kappa, standard error of measurement, limits of agreement and minimal detectable change (MDC) values were estimated. Results Sixty-five older acute medical patients with cognitive impairment participated in the study (mean age: 82 ± 7 years; mean MMSE: 20 ± 4, range: 10 to 24 points). Some participants were physically or cognitively unable to perform the gait speed (46%), 2-min walk (46%), timed up and go (51%) and chair rise (75%) tests. ICC and kappa values were above 0.9 in all instruments except for the gait speed (ICC = 0.86) and chair rise (ICC = 0.72) measures. Measurement error is reported for each instrument. The absolute limits of agreement ranged from 11% (de Morton Mobility Index and Hierarchical Assessment of Balance and Mobility) to 35% (chair rise test). Conclusions The test-retest reliability is sufficient (> 0.7) for group-comparisons in all examined instruments. Most mobility measurements have limited use for individual monitoring of mobility over time in older hospital patients with cognitive impairment because of the large measurement error (> 20% of scale width), even though relative reliability estimations seem sufficient (> 0.9) for this purpose. Trial registration German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS00005591). Registered 2 February 2015.
[In the vivo release of drugs from hydrogels].

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The in vivo release of chlorpromazine and dioxopromethazine from equiviscous methyl cellulose and polyvinylpyrrolidone hydrogels has been determined in 8 volunteers and brought in relation to results obtained from in vitro studies. For all the individual variations observed, the availability of the drugs was, as a rule, greater from the hydrogels based on the loosely-binding methyl cellulose (e.g., more than doubled) than from the hydrogels based on polyvinylpyrrolidone. Whereas the in vivo and in vitro liberation rates of chlorpromazine (which has a relatively great association power) were of comparable magnitude, the in vivo release of dioxopromethazine was considerably lower as was to be expected considering the results from in vitro studies. Obviously, physico-chemical factors (in the present case, the coefficient of distribution) super-impose the effect of the binding on the bioavailability. Already 10 min after application of the hydrogels, the liberation rate amounted up to 73%.
Effect of storage temperatures on postharvest diseases of dragon fruit (Hylocereus undatus Haw.) in the Mekong Delta Region, Vietnam

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This study was conducted to determine the effects of different storage temperatures and storage durations on postharvest diseases of dragon fruit grown in the Mekong delta region. Dragon fruit of uniform maturity and without defects were collected from two growers in Long An and Tien Giang provinces and stored at 0, 5 and 10°C for 21 and 26 days followed by storage at 20°C for 3 days to simulate shelf life in the market. Other fruit were harvested and held at 20°C for 7 and 12 days as a non-stored control. The proportion of fruit with rots and changes in bract appearance were recorded and analyzed. The results indicated that fruit stored at 0 and 10°C (for both 21-26 days), and the control fruit held at 20°C for 7 and 12 days sustained the most damage. The most common disorders were rots and wilting and colour change (yellowing) of the bracts. Fruits stored for 21 and 26 days at 6°C remained fresh in appearance and had significantly fewer rots. The pathogenicity of fungi isolated from the rots was confirmed by re-inoculation of healthy fruit and the pathogens identified by conventional and molecular methods. The main fungi associated with spoiled fruit were: Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus sp., Bipolaris cactivora, Cladosporium sp., Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Colletotrichum truncatum, Fusarium andiyazi, Fusarium dimerum, Fusarium equiseti, Geotrichum candidum, Mucor sp., Neoscytalidium dimidiatum, Phomopsis longicolla, and Rhizopus stolonifer.
Exploring the Influencing Factors of Digital Economy Based on Principal Component Analysis Method : Taking Shanghai as an example

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Identifying the influencing factors of the digital economy in Shanghai, China, has a very strong motivation and practical significance to improve the economic development of Shanghai. Therefore, this paper proposes an analysis model of the influencing factors of the digital economy in Shanghai based on the principal component analysis method. Firstly, from the perspective of the influencing factors of the digital economy, the indicators of the influencing factors of the digital economy in Shanghai is preliminarily selected, then the person coefficient correlation is used to screen the indicators, and finally the principal component analysis method is applied to construct the influencing factors of the digital economy in Shanghai. The index system and identified three key factors affecting Shanghai's digital economy, namely, the gross domestic product of the tertiary industry, public substation capacity, and R&D expenditure.
Subtalar dislocations.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Subtalar dislocations are uncommon injuries. In an effort to obtain accurate information, eight recent major series (more than five patients) were summarized, including the experience at the authors' institution between 1975 and 1985 (12 patients). Medial dislocations predominated (79.5%), lateral injuries accounted for 17% of cases, and posterior (2.5%) and anterior (1%) dislocations were infrequent. Associated fractures with medial (55%) and lateral (72%) dislocations were common. Open injuries with lateral dislocations (25%) were more common, and avascular necrosis was uncommon (4%-5%). Males predominated (81%). It was evident that symptomatic subtalar instability occurred in younger patients treated with shorter periods of immobilization.
−0.24 for radio-quiet quasars

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract We investigate the MBH−σ ∗ relation for radio-loud quasars with redshift z &lt; 0.83 in Data Release 3 of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). The sample consists of 3772 quasars with better model of Hβ and [O III] lines and available radio luminosity, including 306 radio-loud quasars, 3466 radio-quiet quasars with measured radio luminosity or upper-limit of radio luminosity (181 radio-quiet quasars with measured radio luminosity). The virial supermassive black hole mass (MBH) is calculated from the broad Hβ line, the host stellar velocity dispersion (σ∗) is traced by the core [O III] gaseous velocity dispersion, and the radio luminosity and the radio loudness are derived from the FIRST catalog. Our results are follows: (1) For radio-quiet quasars, we confirm that there is no obvious deviation from the MBH − σ ∗ relation defined in inactive galaxies when MBH uncertainties and luminosity bias are concerned. (2) We find that radio-loud quasars deviate much from the MBH −σ ∗ relation respect to that for radio-quiet quasars. This deviation is only partly due to the possible cosmology evolution of the MBH − σ ∗ relation and the luminosity bias. (3) The radio luminosity is proportional to M 1.28+0.23 −0.16 BH
Toxic phytoplankton as a keystone species in aquatic ecosystems: stable coexistence to biodiversity

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The effect of allelochemicals released by toxic species in plankton community is often taken into account to reveal plankton biodiversity. Using a minimal chemostat model we show that the interaction between toxic and non‐toxic phytoplankton species with changing competitive effects among species due to allelopathy helps to promote the stable coexistence of many species on a single resource and hence can solve the paradox of plankton. We emphasize toxic phytoplankton as a keystone species that strongly uncovers its allelochemicals on other non‐toxic phytoplankton and enhances the species persistence and diversity in aquatic ecosystems. In addition, we analyze the consistency of ecosystem functioning and species diversity using a number of approaches, such as sampling hypothesis with selection and complementarity effects, cascading extinction–reinvasion, and examining system dynamics at different enrichment levels and toxicity. Our results suggest that chemostats with one toxic and one or more nontoxic phytoplankton species can be used for the experimental verification of the stable coexistence of many species on a single resource in aquatic ecology.
Effectivity for fire evacuation of foot light device and smoke control in a ramp tunnel

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper shows effectivity for fire evacuation of foot light device and smoke control in a ramp tunnel of the Yamatogawa Route on the Hanshin expressway. The Yamatogawa Route, which is currently under construction, consists of three tunnel parts. The longest one is about 5km in length, including a ramp tunnel. We had examined a positive control of longitudinal air velocity in the ramp tunnel by using the numerical simulation of ventilation which we have been examining diffusion of smoke and visibility for evacuation with. Occupants can keep evacuation behavior when they are engulfed with smoke, if we install the foot light device into the ramp tunnel. We experimented of walking speed in smoke-filled tunnel equipped with the foot light device in November, 2015. The test tunnel named Tonoguti-tunnel is an abandoned tunnel in Fukui prefecture. As the result of it, we clarified that occupants can keep evacuation behavior with the foot light device even if they are engulfed with smoke concentration more than 0.4m-1.
Potential prescribing omissions in patients with cardiovascular disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aims Potential prescribing omissions (PPOs) of medications are a frequent form of inadequate prescription drug practices. The objective of this study was to identify PPOs in a sample of elderly patients with cardiovascular disease. Methods Quasi-experimental study. Data were collected from a population database. We included patients who were older than 65 years and had a diagnosis of hypertension, dyslipidaemia, diabetes mellitus, coronary heart disease, heart failure or atrial fibrillation in Colombia. PPOs were determined in a random sample of patients by the START-2 (Screening Tool to Alert doctors to Right Treatment) criteria. The impact of the PPO was determined after an educational intervention with the doctors who were responsible for treating said patients. Results A total of 630 patients, with a median age of 72 years (interquartile range: 68-78 years), were included; 56.2% were women. The most frequent diagnoses were arterial hypertension (94.1%, n = 593) and dyslipidaemia (56.5%, n = 356). We identified 100 patients (15.9%) with omissions equalling 139 PPOs, and the most common PPOs were due to a lack of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in patients associated with heart failure or coronary heart disease (n = 23, 16.5%) and a lack of statins (n = 20; 14.4%) and aspirin (n = 20; 14.4%) in coronary heart disease. Prescription adjustments were achieved in 35 patients (25.2%). Conclusions Potential prescribing omissions are common in elderly patients with cardiovascular disease. Educational interventions may contribute to a reduced PPO frequency and improve the quality of prescription drug administration.
PBL and the Postmodern Condition - Knowledge Production in University Education

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In this article we discuss the contemporary conditions for running the Aalborg Problem Based Learning-model (PBL). We try to pinpoint key characteristics of these conditions emphasising Lyotard’s conception of knowledge production referred to as the move towards a postmodern condition for knowledge. Through discussions of this alleged condition for university curricula development we investigate its connections to the PBL-model. Some of the explored conditions highlight strong potentials for the PBL-model but the postmodern condition also raises a number of changes and challenges in relation to the original PBL-model as an educational setting.
VARIABLE‐INTERVAL PUNISHMENT DURING VARIABLE‐INTERVAL REINFORCEMENT1

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Variable‐interval punishment was superimposed on a variable‐interval food reinforcement baseline for three groups of rats. The value for the variable‐interval punishment schedule was the same as that for the variable‐interval food reinforcement schedule, although the two schedules were programmed independently. The three groups were Variable Intervals 0.5, 1, and 3 min. Little or no suppression occurred in the three groups at mild (0.2 and 0.4 ma) intensities of punishment, but at 0.6 ma, complete suppression occurred almost uniformly. During continued punishment, there was no consistent recovery toward the pre‐punishment baseline at suppressing intensities of punishment. After punishment was discontinued, recovery from suppression was more rapid the lower the punishment intensity, and the lower the value of the variable‐interval schedules of reinforcement and punishment.
WCN24-2511 MEASUREMENT OF HYDROXYCHLOROQUINE CONCENTRATION IN WHOLE BLOOD, SERUM AND PLASMA SAMPLES OF INDIAN PATIENTS WITH LUPUS NEPHRITIS

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Lupus nephritis (LN) is an important risk factor for morbidity and mortality in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is an integral part of the therapeutic armamentarium for SLE, both in prophylaxis and treatment. Data regarding HCQ levels in whole blood, serum and plasma and recommended therapeutic cut-offs have not been reliably determined. The present study aims to estimate and correlate HCQ concentrations in whole blood and its components (serum and plasma) in LN patients in Indian subpopulation.
Whom Does God Consign to Hell?

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract Christianity traditionally teaches that at least some people, after death, live eternally apart from God. Let us call those who believe this doctrine separationists, because they hold that these people are eternally separated both from God and from the people who are with God. Some Christians, on the other hand, espouse the quite different doctrine known as universalism.1 Universalists believe that all all human beings will ultimately live eternally with God, i.e., that no one will be eternally condemned. Though I am sympathetic with the intentions of those who espouse universalism, I am not a universalist myself, and will argue against the doctrine in this paper. What I will do here is: Let me now sketch what I take to be a strong doctrine of universalism: God does indeed hate sin and does indeed judge sinners. But God’s judgment is always therapeutic; it is designed to bring people to repentance. Thus God’s wrath is an integral part of God’s loving strategy for reconciling people to God.
QUANTITATIVE STRUCTURE PHARMACOKINETIC RELATIONSHIP USING ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK: A REVIEW

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR) has become a tool for designing in various areas like drugs, food additive, Pesticides, biochemical reactant, environmental pollutant and toxic products. In QSAR biological activity can be related with physicochemical properties and in QSPkR (Quantitative Structure Pharmacokinetic Relationship), pharmacokinetic properties can be related with physicochemical properties, relation found in terms of quantity. A number of literature and review article have been published on Quantitative structure pharmacokinetic relationship. But prediction of human pharmacokinetic properties of known and unknown is much difficult job in pharmaceutical industry. Pharmacokinetic data of animal cannot be put straightforward. Artificial neural network (ANN) is used to predict the pharmacokinetic properties. Artificial neural network has basic structure like biological brain and compose of neurons which are interconnected to each other. The present review not only compiles the literature of QSPkR using ANN, but gives detail about the physicochemical properties and artificial neural network.