jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Population Heterogeneity Hypothesis on Radiation Induced Cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Analyses of dose-effect relations for radiation induced tumors and cancers in drosophila, mice, rats and man reveal that increase in incidence can often be represented by a simple power function of dose. The exponent depends on genetic factors, type of cancer, radiation quality, dose-rate, etc. An important observation is that the exponent is frequently less than 1.0 for carcinogenesis in man. The proposed explanation for this is based on the fact that “man” is a heterogeneous population with mixed predisposition to cancer due to genetic differences, and sensitivity which varies with age, sex, environmental factors, cell type, stage of cell cycle, etc. At low doses, those fractions of the population which respond according to one-target kinetics tend to dominate the dose-effect relationship. In a mixed population, the most sensitive sub-group responds at the lowest dose and causes a steep slope in this portion of the dose-effect curve. At higher doses the less sensitive sub-groups become dominant with consequent reduction in slope of the dose-effect curve. The resultant curve can be convex upward. Hence, greater effects might be observed at low doses than would be predicted by linear extrapolation from higher doses. Thus, the assumption of a linear non-threshold relationship used by standards setting groups is not necessarily conservative in estimating cancer risk at low doses.
Protein profile of sonicated Salmonella Gallinarum antigen employing homologous and heterologous Anti-Sera of reference and field strain

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

The study was conducted to know the protein profile of Salmonella Gallinarum (E-76-Reference and E-3019-field strain) employing SDS-PAGE and subsequent Western Immunoblotting with homologous and heterologus anti-sera. SDS-PAGE patterns of the prepared crude sonicate antigens of these two strains, revealed difference in the protein profiles. E-76 strain showed approximately 32 bands with 14 major bands, while E-3019 strain showed 27 visible bands with 7 major bands. On immunoblotting, four appreciable bands were observed in the E-76 strain, while the E-3019 strain revealed only three detectable bands. Further, the immunoreactivity studied against the live bacteria as well as its sonicated antigen, revealed less number of immunogenic peptides with the sonicated antigen suggesting the differences in the generation of humoral immune response against the respective antigens, which reflects the difference in the protective efficacy of live and killed antigens. Further investigations with these immunogenic proteins of S. Gallinarum, can be useful for the development of immunoprophylactics so as to augment the immune response in birds against this economically important pathogen.
A proper description of clumping in hot star winds: the key to obtaining reliable mass-loss rates?

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Small-scale inhomogeneities, or `clumping', in the winds of hot, massive stars are conventionally included in spectral analyses by assuming optically thin clumps. To reconcile investigations of different diagnostics using this microclumping technique, very low mass-loss rates must be invoked for O stars. Recently it has been suggested that by using the microclumping approximation one may actually drastically underestimate the mass-loss rates. Here we demonstrate this, present a new, improved description of clumpy winds, and show how corresponding models, in a combined UV and optical analysis, can alleviate discrepancies between previously derived rates and those predicted by the line-driven wind theory. Furthermore, we show that the structures obtained in time-dependent, radiation-hydrodynamic simulations of the intrinsic line-driven instability of such winds, which are the basis to our current understanding of clumping, in their present-day form seem unable to provide a fully self-consistent, simultaneous fit to both UV and optical lines. The reasons for this are discussed.
Semiconductor laser array device

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

PURPOSE:To obtain a device oscillating at a single zero-degree phase super mode, by forming a first semiconductor layer which acts as an active layer for oscillating a laser beam parallel to second and third semiconductor layers which have large forbidden band widths and small refractive indexes. CONSTITUTION:This device allows a p-type AlxGa1-xAs clad layer 102, n-type or p-type AlyGa1-yAs active layer 103, an n-type AlxGa1-xAs clad layer 104 as well as an n type GaAs contact layer 105 to grow in order on a p-type GaAs substrate 101 and resistance electrodes 106 and 107 are formed on both sides of a wafer. A stripe like resist film 108 is formed on the electrode 106 and is etched to form a mesa stripe 20 Then, mesa stripes 202 and 203 are formed on both sides of the mesa stripe 201 and the mesa stripes 204 and 205 are formed on the left side of the mesa stripe 202 and on the right side of the mesa stripe 203. On the upper face of the wafer with the exception of the mesa stripe 201, and insulating film 111 is formed to obtain a semiconductor laser array device. As the device obtained in this way oscillates by a single zero-degree phase mode, it is used as a light source of such a system as a laser printer and an optical file.
Influence of Chemistry and Topology Effects on Superhydrophobic CF4-Plasma-Treated Poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS)

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Superhydrophobic surfaces are gaining considerable interest in a lot of different applications, and nonetheless, precise control over the wettability properties of such surfaces is still a challenge due to difficulties when controlling the effects independently induced on superhydrophobicity by the chemical and topological surface characteristics. We have fabricated engineered superhydrophobic surfaces onto poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) substrates by means of suitable CF4-plasma treatments. These treatments allowed the modification of both the morphological properties of the PDMS surface, due to a preferential etching of certain components of its macromolecules, and the chemical ones, by the deposition of a fluorinated layer. Chemical effects were separated from topological ones by performing a double replica molding process of the CF4-plasma-treated surfaces. This allowed us to obtain positive copies of the structured surfaces without the overlaying fluorinated coating affecting the surface chemistry. Such replicated surfaces showed a decrease of the contact angle if compared to the treated ones and therefore evidenced chemistry's weight in superhydrophobicity effects. In particular, we found that, for highly dense columnar-like PDMS microstructures, the effect of the plasma-deposited fluorinated layer covering surfaces produces an enhancement of the contact angle of about 20 degrees .
POS-296 CARDIOVASCULAR RISK PREDICTION WITH AORTIC PULSE WAVE VELOCITY: A CARTAGENE STUDY

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aortic stiffness is a recognized cardiovascular (CV) disease risk factor. The gold standard non-invasive measure of aortic stiffness is the carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV), which is difficult to perform in routine clinical practice. Devices have been developed that allows estimation of cfPWV from aortic pulse wave analysis, yielding an aortic PWV (aPWV), which has since been validated against invasive measurements. However, there is currently no data regarding the predictive ability of aPWV towards CV events in large populational cohorts.
2-D Velocity Structure in Kerala-Konkan Basin Using Traveltime Inversion of Seismic Data

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The existence of gas-hydrates in marine sediments increases the seismic velocity, whereas even a small amount of underlying free-gas reduces the velocity considerably. The change in velocities against the background (without gas-hydrates and free-gas) velocity can be used for identification and assessment of gas-hydrates. Traveltime inversion of identifiable reflections from large offset multi channel seismic (MCS) experiment is an effective method to derive the 2-D velocity structure in an area. We apply this method along a seismic line in the Kerala-Konkan (KK) offshore basin for delineating the gas-hydrates and free-gas bearing sediments across a bottom simulating reflector (BSR). The result reveals a four layer 2-D shallow velocity model with the topmost sedimentary layer having velocity of 1,680-1,740 m/s and thickness of 140-190 m. The velocity of the second layer of uniform thickness (110 m) varies from 1,890 to 1,950 m/s. The third layer, exhibiting higher velocity of 2,100-2,180 m/s, is interpreted as the gas-hydrates bearing sediment, the thickness of which is estimated as 100 to 150 m. The underlying sedimentary layer shows a reduction in seismic velocity between 1,620 to 1,720 m/s. This low-velocity layer with 160-200 m thickness may be due to the presence of free-gas below the gas-hydrates layer.
Spa and massage booking system with utilizing consumers' behavior

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Customers who feel they are treated as individuals are more satisfied with their experience and more inclined to remain loyal. Loyal customers buy more, purchase more often, cost less to serve, and have higher retention rates. Loyal customers are very good for business. How do we recapture that same feeling a customer gets when their barista remembers their drink or their hairstylist becomes their confidante? The answer is to utilize the wealth of customer data we have available to tailor the contact center experience to the known needs and habits of the customer. Every enterprise has or should have information about their customers. At a minimum this should include the customer’s name, address, account number and purchase or subscription history. More advanced organizations will have loyalty cards or other mechanisms that provide a history of past interactions, purchase behaviors, recent transactions or other indicators of relative value to the enterprise. Best in class enterprises will offer consumers alternative communication channels that mirror the preferences and lifestyles of their customers, such as web portals that provide a similar customer experience from both desktop and mobile devices. Consumers should be able to communicate in the channel of their choice or even a mix of channels. In this FYP, the student will build prototypes of service personalisation for a few selected service sector.
Zinc supplementation normalizes gene expression and enhances neurogenesis in a rat model of traumatic brain injury

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

New interventions are needed to improve resilience to traumatic brain injury (TBI). To examine the role of zinc, rats were fed a zinc adequate (30 ppm) or supplemented (180 ppm) diet for 4 wks followed by a frontal cortex TBI using controlled cortical impact. Chronic zinc supplementation significantly improved spatial learning and memory, and reduced anxiety and depression‐like behaviors. Mechanistically, we hypothesized that zinc supplementation would prevent injury‐induced changes in gene expression and enhance hippocampal stem cell proliferation and survival. Hippocampal RNA was extracted 48 h after TBI to analyze mRNA abundance via the NimbleGen platform microarray. TBI altered the expression of over 170 mRNAs, approximately 70 of which were normalized in rats supplemented with zinc (p<0.01). We identified genes involved in cell proliferation, apoptosis, survival, repair, and differentiation. Rats were also injected with the thymidine analogue EdU to label proliferating cells in the hippocampus. TBI doubled the number of proliferating cells in the dentate gyrus granular cell layer 24 h post‐injury (p<0.05), and supplemental zinc increased this number by an additional 2 fold (p<0.05). Ongoing work is characterizing the long‐term fate of these cells. These data show that zinc can be a novel and effective strategy for preventing adverse cellular, molecular, and behavioral outcomes associated with TBI. Grant Funding Source : Department of Defense/US Army MRMC
Embryology of the endocrine heart

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Recent interest in the storage, release, and action of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) in adult mammals has directed our attention to the early appearance, distribution, and possible function of this cardiac hormone during embryonic development. This report summarizes efforts to map and quantify cardiac ANP in developing and neonatal rats, rabbits, and pigs. Levels of ANP immunoreactivity in fetal and neonatal hearts were measured by radioimmunoassay of atrial and ventricular homogenates. Histochemical localization of ANP deposits was accomplished by immunoperoxidase staining of paraffin embedded tissues. The antibodies used were raised in rabbits or guinea pigs against purified rat pro-ANP or synthetic fragments of porcine pro-ANP. In series of rat and rabbit hearts spanning the period from cardiac septation (gestational day 15) to birth, RIA-detectable ANP levels in atrial homogenates rose steadily to maximum values near birth. In ventricular homogenates, lower levels of ANP immunoreactivity declined gradually throughout the embryonic and neonatal period from highest levels in the early embryonic period toward extremely low levels in the adult. During the morphogenetic period of cardiac septation, ANP immunoreactivity intensified within the inner layers of atrial myocardium and along ventricular trabeculae in apparent association with the coalescing cardiac conducting system, especially apparent in the embryonic pig.
Utilization of repeat services in the outpatient department of Dewi Sartika general hospital, Kendari City, 2023

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The reutilization of services in outpatient clinics of hospitals plays a crucial role in enhancing the quality and effectiveness of healthcare services. This study aims to analyze the factors associated with service reutilization in hospital outpatient clinics using a cross-sectional design and quantitative approach. Data were collected through questionnaires from 100 respondents at Dewi Sartika General Hospital in Kendari, Southeast Sulawesi, during October-November 2023, using accidental sampling techniques. The analysis results indicate that factors such as service quality, family encouragement, facilities, location, and patient attitudes are significantly associated with service reutilization in outpatient clinics. Univariate analysis was used to describe sample and variable characteristics, while bivariate analysis involved correlation testing to evaluate the relationships among variables. The conclusion of this study highlights the importance of enhancing communication, education, and family support in influencing patient decisions to reuse the same services at the hospital. The development of family support programs, patient empowerment, family-friendly policies, and periodic program evaluations are crucial steps in improving patient experiences and healthcare outcomes. Recommendations include critical steps such as enhancing communication, education, and family support, as well as developing structured family support programs, empowering patients, implementing family-friendly policies, and conducting regular program evaluations. It is expected that the implementation of these recommendations will improve patient experience, enhance adherence to treatment, and overall improve healthcare outcomes.
Large-Scale Velocity Structures in the Horologium-Reticulum Supercluster

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We present 547 optical redshifts obtained for galaxies in the region of the Horologium-Reticulum supercluster (HRS) using the 6 field (6dF) multifiber spectrograph on the UK Schmidt Telescope at the Anglo-Australian Observatory. The HRS covers an area of more than 1212 on the sky centered at approximately = 03 h19 m, = -5002. Our 6dF observations concentrate on the intercluster regions of the HRS, from which we describe four primary results. First, the HRS spans at least the redshift range from 17,000 to 22,500 km s -1. Second, the overdensity of galaxies in the intercluster regions of the HRS in this redshift range is estimated to be 2.4, or / 1.4. Third, we find a systematic trend of increasing redshift along a southeast-northwest spatial axis in the HRS, in that the mean redshift of HRS members increases by more than 1500 km s -1 from southeast to northwest over a 12 region. Fourth, the HRS is bimodal in redshift with a separation of 2500 km s -1 (35 Mpc) between the higher and lower redshift peaks. This fact is particularly evident if the above spatial-redshift trend is fitted and removed. In short, the HRS appears to consist of two components in redshift space, each one exhibiting a similar systematic spatial-redshift trend along a southeast-northwest axis. Lastly, we compare these results from the HRS with the Shapley supercluster and find similar properties and large-scale features. 2005. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved.
Karyotypic studies in Garra lamta and Mystus cavassius (Pisces)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Karyomorphological studies were made on males of Garra lamta (Faro : Cyprinidae) and on both sexes of Mystus cavassius (Faro : Bagridae) from their kidney metaphase complements. Garra lamta had 2n = 50 chromosomes alignable into 25 homomorphic pairs comprising 3 pairs of metacentrics, 9 pairs of submeta- eentrics, 6 pairs of subtelocentrics and 7 pairs of telocentrics (NF = 86). Mystus cavassius had 2n = 58 chromosomes in both sexes and their karyotypes revealed 29 pairs of homomorphic chromosomes consisting of 7 pairs of metacentrics, 13 pairs of submetacentrics, 2 pairs of subtelocentrics and 7 pairs of telocentrics (NF = 102). No sex chromosome was identifiable in any sex of the two species.
Pentavalent Antimony Associated with G-CSF in the Treatment of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Caused by Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), caused by Leishmania braziliensis, in recent decades has shown decreasing cure rates after treatment with meglumine antimoniate (MA). Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is a cytokine associated with epithelialization and healing processes. Methods: This study compares the effectiveness of G-CSF associated with MA in the treatment of CL. A total of 32 patients aged between 18 and 50 years with CL confirmed for L. braziliensis were included in this study. G-CSF or placebo (0.9% saline) was applied by intralesional infiltration at four equidistant points on the edges of the largest ulcer on days 0 and 15 of treatment associated with intravenous MA. Results: Males predominated in the G-CSF group (59%), while females predominated in the control group (53%). Injuries to the lower limbs predominated in both study groups. The cure rate in the G-CSF group was 65% and in the control group it was 47%, 90 days after initiation of therapy. Conclusions: Our data indicate that the association of G-CSF with MA is not superior to MA monotherapy. Although not significant, the potential benefit of this combination deserves further investigation. The use of higher doses or other routes of application of G-CSF in a greater number of patients should contribute to a definitive response.
The War Studies Library at King's College, London University

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Though lectures in military studies were given at King's College in the mid nineteenth century and again in the inter‐war period there was virtually no library to support them and history further records that towards the end of the Second World War military studies ceased and were not revived until 1953 when a Lectureship in Military Studies was established in the King's History Department. The holder of this lectureship was Michael Howard, who has since achieved wide renown in military history and strategic studies and is at present Chichele Professor‐Elect of the History of War in the University of Oxford. When he was appointed Reader in War Studies in 1961 and Professor of War Studies in 1963 the subject may be said to have finally got off the ground and in token of this it was organized as a separate Department of the College in 1961. I may add that, in common with higher education in general, the 1960s was a period of great expansion in the Department and between 1965 and 1971 four other lecturers were appointed to the staff. The growth of the War Studies Library kept pace with this expansion, for as early as 1953 when London University voted a special grant Michael Howard began to build up the Library on the surest foundations, so that as regards numbers there were approximately 2,500 volumes by the end of the 1950s and by 1977 it has grown to some 11,000.
Effect of bio-surfactant on municipal solid waste composting process.

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Bio-surfactant is a new type of surfactant that is produced in microbial metabolism. Adding bio-surfactant during composting process, especially to those contain some toxic substances, has been proved to be a promising way. In this study, Strains III (2), a bacterial with high activity to produce bio-surfactant, were isolated firstly. Following comparison experiments with and without adding Strains III (2), namely Run 1 and Run R, were conducted, respectively. The experimental results showed that, by adding Strains III (2), the surface tension could reduce from 46.5 mN/m to 39.8 mN/m and the corresponding time to maintain the surface tension under 50 mN/ m could prolong from 60 h to 90 h. The oxygen uptake rate and total accumulated oxygen consumption with Stains III (2) were both higher than those without Strains III (2), while the accumulation of H2S in outlet gas was reduced to around 50% of Run R. Moreover, two additional experiments were also carried out to examine the effects of strains coming from different systems. One is adding Strains III (2) with a dose of 0.4% (Run 2), and the other is seedling commercial Strains at the same conditions, the composting experiments showed that: Run 2 was more effective than Run 3, because the commercial Strains can be suppressed significantly in a complex composting system with different pH, high temperature and some of metals. The bio-surfactant was also added into the solid waste, which contained some toxic substances, the corresponding results showed that the remove rate of Hg and sodium pentachlorophenolate (PCP-Na) could be improved highly. Thus, the microenvironment, reactionrate and composting quality could be enhanced effectively by adding bio-surfactant to the composting process.
Occurrence Download

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A dataset containing 47553 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query: { "TaxonKey" : [ "is Muscari neglectum Guss. ex Ten." ] } The dataset includes 47553 records from 348 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0214271-200613084148143/datasets/export for details. Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.