jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Detection of Aminoglycoside-Acetyl Transferase Enzyme Gene (aac(6')-Ib-cr) among Ciprofloxacin Resistant Isolates from the Sudan

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of aac(6')-Ib-cr gene among seventy-two urinary and wound enterobacterial pathogens that were ciprofloxacin-resistant and ESBL producers from the Sudan. All the seventy-two isolates were screened by PCR for the presence of the aac(6')-Ib-cr gene. The new variant of the aminoglycoside acetyle transferase enzyme (aac(6')-Ib-cr) gene was detected among 52 of the 72 test isolates (72%) including Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter cloacae and Salmonella spp. This finding shows that the new variant aminoglycoside-acetyl transferase gene conferring resistance to ciprofloxacin is highly prevalent (72%) among the isolates from Sudan. This is the first study to report on the detection of aminoglycoside-acetyl transferase enzyme gene from the Sudan.
Muş in the Early Bronze Age

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

In 1991 a crew of American, Canadian, and Turkish researchers began a new and comprehensive survey in the Muş Province of Eastern Turkey. The goal of the survey was to study the evolution of settlement and landuse in a marginal zone at the intersection of four great culture areas of the Middle East: Central Anatolia, Western Iran, the Transcaucasus, and Mesopotamia. This area of Eastern Turkey had been visited previously by I. K. Kökten in 1940s (1947) and Charles Burney in 1950s (1958). Given the large area these surveyors covered and their limited means of transportation, and given the newly excavated material coming from north of the great Taurus mountain massif and from Van (e.g., Sagona 1994, Sagona et al 1992, Çilingiroğlu 1987, 1988), a more comprehensive effort appeared warranted. The first season was six weeks in duration. During that time we re-visited 17 of the sites found by Kökten and Burney, and located 11 new sites. A second season was launched in 1993 with the aim of covering areas not surveyed previously (see Figure 1), mostly in the northern foothills and higher elevations near Hamurpet Lake. Unfortunately, conditions did not permit us to do a second season, nor is a season in the very near future likely. We, therefore, will be publishing the results we have already arrived at, aware that our sample is not complete.
Digital spectres: the Notre-Dame effect

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

World Heritage is a profound expression of civilization. It connects the past with the present and the future. But the complexities and nuances for World Heritage in the new digital paradigm are not yet fully understood. While discourse on the affordances and limitations of social media for engaging with audiences has burgeoned in the past decade, the social and economic effects of search engines in the mediatization of heritage has largely gone unexamined. Here we consider questions raised by the digital specter generated by search queries on Google in response to two significant losses: the fire at Notre-Dame Cathedral, and the destruction of Palmyra, Syria. While search queries appear as neutral engagements for information retrieval, they in fact generate specters in the form of increased search volumes that result in increased social and economic value for specific keywords. In this context, World Heritage becomes mediatized and coded into keywords – valuable linguistic metonyms of our most important cultural sites. By examining readily available data retrieved from Google Ads Keyword Planner, a tool for marketing, we explore how this new digital context reveals who the audiences of heritage are, how tragedy serves to increase value, and who benefits from such loss.
OBSTETRIC RISKS IN PREGNANT WOMEN ATTENDED AT THE GYNECOLOGICAL OBSTETRIC UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL OF GUAYAQUIL

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The word risks is derived from the Greek word riscare, that is to say, they dare, the concept of risks is associated with several possibilities and a predisposing risk factor in pregnancy which seems to identify the degrees of vulnerability during the periods of pregnancy , childbirth, puerperium, the present research work aimed to determine the main obstetric risks in pregnant women of the Hospital Gineco Obstétrico Universitario de Guayaquil, Guayas - Ecuador from January - June 2019. The study design is non-experimental, prospective, in the methodology from the investigation, the data collection form was used, an ad hoc form was prepared. The sample was made up of 407 nulliparous and multiparous pregnant women, who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The following results were obtained: preeclampsia with 36%, diabetes 29%, gestational hypertension 20%, preterm labor 6%, premature rupture of membranes 3% and the placenta praevia 1%. In conclusion, the obstetric risks observed in the present study, the highest percentage is preeclampsia with 36% and the lowest percentage placenta previa with 1%.
Increased dermal expression of chromatin-associated protein HMGB1 and concomitant T-cell expression of the DNA RAGE in patients with psoriasis vulgaris

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Lisa Strohbuecker,1 Hans Koenen,2 Esther van Rijssen,2 Bram van Cranenbroek,2 Esther Fasse,2 Irma Joosten,2 Andreas K&amp;ouml;rber,1 Christoph Bergmann3 1Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; 2Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; 3Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany Purpose: Psoriasis vulgaris (PV) is an autoimmune-related chronic inflammatory disease of the skin, with both vascular and metabolic effects. Aggravating factors have been identified that initiate and maintain inflammation, including expression of Th1-, Th17-, and Th22-cell derived cytokines. Recently, we showed that the evolutionarily ancient and highly conserved damage-associated molecular pattern molecule &amp;ldquo;high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1)&amp;rdquo; is significantly increased in the serum of PV patients with disease progression and is decreased under standard therapies. Materials and methods: To better understand the role of HMGB1 in the pathogenesis of PV, we recruited 22 untreated psoriatic patients with either mild or severe disease, defined by the Psoriasis Area Severity Index. We assessed HMGB1 and receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) expression in the skin by immunohistochemistry and analyzed the immune-phenotype of Treg and Th17 cells by flow cytometry. Results: We found increased staining for HMGB1 in the dermis of psoriatic plaques in comparison to uninvolved skin of patients with PV. In addition, the major histocompatibility complex class III-encoded DNA and HMGB1 RAGE, induced by HMGB1, were highly expressed on psoriatic CD8+ T cells and CD4+ Treg. High expression of HMGB1 in the lesional skin was associated with even higher expression of its receptor, RAGE, on the cell surface of keratinocytes in patients with severe PV. Conclusion: The presence of HMGB1 and RAGE signaling may impact orchestration of chronic inflammation in PV which might have implications for Treg and Th17 cells. Keywords: HMGB1, RAGE, psoriasis vulgaris, Th17
Strategy shifts during learning from texts and pictures.

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Reading for learning frequently requires integrating text and picture information into coherent knowledge structures. This article presents an experimental study aimed at analyzing the strategies used by students for integrating text and picture information. Four combinations of texts and pictures (text–picture units) were selected from textbooks on biology and geography, each combined with 3 comprehension test items of different complexity. Item difficulties were assessed in terms of item-response theory and through a cognitive task analysis. The texts, pictures, and items were presented to 40 students from Grades 5 and 8 from the higher tier and the lower tier of the German school system. Participants were asked to process the material and answer the items. Students’ eye movements were recorded and analyzed in terms of number of fixations on different areas of interest as well as eye-movement transitions between these areas. Results suggest that text and pictures serve fundamentally different functions associated with different processing strategies in goal-directed knowledge acquisition. Texts are more likely to be used for coherence-oriented general processing. They guide the learner’s conceptual analysis of the subject matter, which results in a coherent semantic network and initial mental model. Pictures are used as scaffolds for the initial mental model construction. Afterward, however, they are more likely to be used for task-driven selective processing serving as easily accessible visual representations on demand for item-specific mental model updates.
Material Circulations in the Sixteenth Century

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This chapter brings together several objects that demonstrate the reach of Jingdezhen's ceramics, and shows the ways in which local producers of porcelain connected to consumers distributed throughout the empire and far beyond. Drawing on a shared set of raw resources and skills, workers throughout the wider network of Jingdezhen's production could easily adjust the quality of the goods they produced. By using more refined clay, higher quality cobalt, or more skilled painters, the quality could be more easily guaranteed; by using less carefully prepared clays, more diluted cobalt, less well-trained craftsmen, or by firing the goods in more densely-packed kilns, one could save on expenses and produce lower quality goods. While the manufacturers catered to the demands of different consumers and diverse markets, they were able to create both cohesion and diversity. The focus on a single design element, the motif of deer set in a natural landscape, demonstrates both a visual coherence that suggests interaction and adaptation that suggests a constant process of translation and transformation.
PREDICTION OF ADULT HEIGHT WITH VARIOUS METHODS IN FINNISH CHILDREN

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract. Successive height predictions were made by several methods for a group of healthy Finnish children (30 boys and 30 girls), examined annually at ages of 7 to 17 years (1st series) and for 7 boys aged 14 to 19 years with familial delayed growth and puberty (2nd series). The methods used were those of Bayley & Pinneau (BP), Walker (W), Tanner et al. (T) and RWT, and two simple principles: the relative height method (RH) which assumes constancy of height S.D.S. throughout growth, and the index of potential height (IPH) method which assumes constancy of height S.D.S. for bone age (BA). The predictions with RH, W and IPH were inaccurate. BP, T and RWT were for the 1st series as accurate as for the basic series of the respective methods, and none was superior to the others. The BA of average Finns was delayed as compared with the standards of Greulich‐Pyle Atlas. When corrections were made for this delay, the IPH method gave predictions comparable in accuracy to BP, T or RWT. In the 2nd series prediction was more accurate with the corrected IPH, BP and RWT methods than with those using BA according to TW 2 RUS.
Effect of Temperature on The Performance of Naphtha and Kerosene as Viscosity Reduction Agents for Improving Flow Ability of Basrah-Iraq Heavy Crude Oil

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Naphtha and kerosene are mixed with Iraqi heavy crude oil at different concentrations rounded between (3-12) wt.%, in order to reduce viscosity to enhance its followability. This research investigated drag reduction (%Dr) in heavy oil mixtures at different flow rates (2 to 10 m3/hr) in temperature range 20-50C. The experimental results proved that Naphtha offered 40% reduction in pressure drop. The Power law model was adopted in this study to empirically correlate fiction factor (f) and the percentage of drag reduction(%Dr) from experimental data for Reynolds number range (534– 14695) and the concentration range from 3 to12 wt.%.
Results of studies on red snow crab <i>С</i> <i>hionoecetes japonicus</i> in the bathyal zone of the central Japan Sea

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Deep-water red snow crab is researched in poorly or never surveyed areas of its habitat in the central part of the Japan Sea, as Kita-Yamato Bank and Peter the Great Seamount on the data obtained aboard RV Vladimir Safonov in April-May 2012. The densest aggregations of red snow crab males and females are found at depth 800-1040 m. Total biomass of commercial males of this species is estimated as 7,400 t, including 14 t in the 1.5 km2 area of the top of Peter the Great Seamount where the red snow crab is observed in the first time. The crabs of this mountain are distinguished by small size: on average males - 83.0 mm, females - 58.6 mm (comparing with 99.9 mm males and 65.0 mm females on Kita-Yamato Bank). The results for Kita-Yamato Bank are compared with previous researches of fishing vessels Seisho-maru 68 (September-October 1992), Viera (May-June 2005) and Arctic Orion (April-May 2007) and decreasing of the red show crab stock is detected, in 1/3 for two decades.
The Medium is the Message: How Secure Messaging Apps Leak Sensitive Data to Push Notification Services

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Like most modern software, secure messaging apps rely on thirdparty components to implement important app functionality. Although this practice reduces engineering costs, it also introduces the risk of inadvertent privacy breaches due to misconfiguration errors or incomplete documentation. Our research investigated secure messaging apps' usage of Google's Firebase Cloud Messaging (FCM) service to send push notifications to Android devices. We analyzed 21 popular secure messaging apps from the Google Play Store to determine what personal information these apps leak in the payload of push notifications sent via FCM. Of these apps, 11 leaked metadata, including user identifiers (10 apps), sender or recipient names (7 apps), and phone numbers (2 apps), while 4 apps leaked the actual message content. Furthermore, none of the data we observed being leaked to FCM was specifically disclosed in those apps' privacy disclosures. We also found several apps employing strategies to mitigate this privacy leakage to FCM, with varying levels of success. Of the strategies we identified, none appeared to be common, shared, or well-supported. We argue that this is fundamentally an economics problem: incentives need to be correctly aligned to motivate platforms and SDK providers to make their systems secure and private by default.
The availability of inorganic sulphate in blood for sulphate conjugation of drugs in rat liver in vivo. (35S)Sulphate incorporation into harmol sulphate

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

1. When Na235SO4 is injected intravenously in rats, it is immediately available for sulphate conjugation of the phenolic drug harmol (7-hydroxyl-1-methyl-9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole) in the liver. This was established by following the time course of the biliary excretion of the sulphate conjugate of harmol, and the incorporation of [35S]sulphate into harmol sulphate. 2. During the 10min immediately after injection of Na235SO4 re-distribution of [35S]sulphate took place, which resulted in a rapid initial decrease in the plasma concentration of [35S]sulphate; a concomitant decrease in the amount of [35S]sulphate incorporated into harmol sulphate was observed, indicating that the co-substrate of sulphation, adenosine 3′-phosphate 5′-sulphatophosphate, equilibrates rapidly with [35S]sulphate in plasma. 3. The results suggest that the pool size of adenosine 3′-phosphate 5′-sulphatophosphate is very small; therefore the specific radioactivity of [35S]sulphate in plasma determines the specific radioactivity incorporated into sulphate esters at any time.
Residential Care Supply and Cognitive and Physical Problem Case Mix in Nursing Homes

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objectives: Arapid evolution has occurred in state policy and industry practices relative to assisted living and expanded use of residential care facilities for people with physical and cognitive frailty, yet relatively little is known about the interrelationship between this housing supply and nursing-home case mix. Methods:The association between residential care supply and the proportion of cognitively and physically impaired nursing facility residents was examined in more than 1,500 facilities in five states. Results:The proportion of nursing-home cases with only physical and cognitive impairment likely to be affected by emerging long-term care policy appears to be well under 10%. This effect is more persistent among admissions than continuing cases. Discussion:The findings raise caution about the optimistic assumptions of the interplay between residential care/assisted living policy and nursing-home use.
U.S. decennial life tables for 1999-2001: methodology of the United States Life Tables.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Data used to prepare these life tables include population data by age on the census date April 1, 2000; deaths occurring in the 3-year period 1999-2001 classified by age at death; births for each of the years 1997-2001; and Medicare data for ages 66-100 years from the years 1999-2001. Methods that were kept the same as those of previous decennial tables include data sources used in constructing tables, the preliminary adjustment for misreported ages, the smoothing techniques for vital statistics and census data, and the calculations of death rates in different age groups. Two significant changes were made to the methodology used to estimate mortality for the populations aged 66 years and over. First, Medicare data were used to supplement vital statistics (number of deaths) and census data (population estimates) starting at age 66 years instead of age 85 years as was done in the estimation of previous U.S. decennial life tables. Second, smoothing and extrapolation of death rates for ages 66-109 was performed using a mathematical model given by Heligman and Pollard, instead of a Whittaker-Henderson Type B formula or modified Gompertz method.
Influence of Age, Sex, Etiology, and Hearing Loss on Balance Performance by Deaf Children

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of age, sex, etiology, and degree of hearing loss on the static and dynamic balance performance of hearing impaired children and youth ( N = 132), ages 3 to 14 yr. The subjects were individually assessed on Items 2 and 7 of Subtest 2 of the Short Form of the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency. As expected, performance on both tasks improved with chronological age. In comparing the performance of subjects by etiology, only one significant difference emerged; those with genetic deafness were superior on static balance to those whose deafness was idiopathic. However, the mean scores for the genetic group were superior for both balance tasks. The sex of the child as well as extent of hearing loss did not affect performance in either task.
A new class of entropy estimators for multi-dimensional densities

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We present a new class of estimators for approximating the entropy of multi-dimensional probability densities based on a sample of the density. These estimators extend the classic "m-spacing" estimators of Vasicek (1976) and others for estimating entropies of one-dimensional probability densities. Unlike plug-in estimators of entropy, which first estimate a probability density and then compute its entropy. our estimators avoid the difficult intermediate step of density estimation. For fixed dimension. the estimators an polynomial in the sample size. Similarities to consistent and asymptotically efficient one-dimensional estimators of entropy suggest that our estimators may sham these properties.
Assessment of Variation for Seed Characteristics in Neem

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A seed source evaluation trial on Azadirachta indica A. Juss. comprising 10 different sources was conducted. Variations in the seed characteristics, seed germination pattern were studied. Significant differences with respect to all the seed traits i.e. length, breadth, weight, volume, specific gravity were recorded. Variation in seed germination indices was also reflected as significant.
The impact of enterprise niche on dual innovation performance: moderating role of innovation openness

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Purpose This paper aims to explore the impact of enterprise niche on dual innovation performance and the moderating role of innovation openness on the relationship between enterprise niche and dual innovation performance. Design/methodology/approach This study uses the panel data of the enterprise technology patents of China's Top 100 Electronic Information Enterprises from 2009 to 2018. Multiple regression analyses were used to test the hypotheses. Findings Niche width has a significant positive impact on exploitative and exploratory innovation performance. Niche overlap has an inverted U-shaped effect on exploitative innovation performance and significantly positively affects exploratory innovation performance. Innovation openness negatively moderates the impact of niche width on exploitative innovation performance and positively moderates the impact of niche overlap on exploitative innovation performance. Originality/value This study provides new insights into the effects of enterprise niche on dual innovation performance by showing the moderating role of innovation openness. The study finds a strategic logic of moderate niche overlap, clarifies the innovative effect of different innovation openness modes and reveals the construction and management mechanisms of enterprise niche and innovation openness strategy.
Acute submassive pulmonary embolism following varicose vein surgery in a patient receiving hormonal replacement therapy.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Acute pulmonary embolism following varicose vein surgery is reported in a patient receiving hormonal replacement therapy. A 45-year-old woman underwent partial stripping of the greater saphenous vein of her bilateral legs and division of the lesser saphenous vein of her left legs under spinal anesthesia. On the first postoperative day, she complained of severe chest discomfort and collapsed suddenly while walking to the toilet. Emergency spiral computed tomography and perfusion scintigraphy demonstrated multiple defects in the bilateral lower lobes. She recovered after aggressive anticoagulant therapy. Although acute pulmonary embolism occurs only rarely after varicose vein surgery, it is important to remember its possibility especially when a patient has known risk factors predisposing venous thromboembolism, such as hormone replacement therapy.