jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Frequency of Complications of Measles, 1963

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Recent advances in the development of measles vaccines give reason to expect that an acceptable, safe, and effective means of immunization will soon become available.But "the need or desire" for large-scale vaccination in this country is subject to debate (British Medical 7ournal, 1963b).One of the major sources of doubt about the need for immunization stems from the belief among many parents and doctors that measles is a mild disease in which serious complications are rare and almost never fatal in normal children.Deaths have indeed declined rapidly in recent years to about 2 per 10,000 notifications, and a recent study has shown that about half the deaths occur in persons with serious chronic disease or disability (Report, 1963).Little information is available, however, about the frequency of serious complications and consequent permanent disabilities which maay result, especially from neurological complications, in patients who survive.Estimates based only on clinical impression are likely to be misleading and a numerically important minority may easily be overlooked.An investigation by a study group of the College of General Practitioners (1956, 1957), devoted primarily to a study of the place of chemotherapy and antibiotics in the management of measles, added much to knowledge of the disease, but it included fewer than 5,000 cases -too few to assess with confidence the public health importance of the complications of measles in relation to the need for immunization.The aim of the present investigation was twofold: first, to estimate at the time of the attack the frequency of serious com- plications of measles, particularly of neurological complications, by means of a national postal inquiry into cases notified to medical officers of health during the 1963 epidemic; and, secondly, to investigate in a sample of patients the late con- sequences of the more serious complications.The results of the first part of the study are reported here. MethodsThe medical officers of health of 47 large county boroughs scattered throughout England and Wales agreed to participate in the inquiry.They first wrote to local general practitioners and medical superintendents of fever hospitals explaining the reasons for the investigation and the proposed procedure.Prac- titioners were invited to co-operate by completing simple record cards for cases of measles which they notified from 1 January to 30 April 1963.In 16 of the 47 boroughs where medical officers of health decided that they could not follow up all cases the inquiry cards were sent for a sample of notifications selected at random according to a plan decided at the outset in each borough.In one city cards were sent only to selected practi-
A Multimodal SVM Approach for Fused Biometric Recognition

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract — With the advent of most modern electronic sophisticated applications automatic person identification has become a very important topic. Traditional based person identification techniques had several drawbacks since they are easy for spoofing and performing fraudulent operations. In this aspect we are developing a fused biometric person recognition using support vector machine in a multimodal approach for an efficient identification in several security aspects. A biometric trait is his/her unique behavioural and physiological trait which is used for identification aspects. Almost all systems use the application of unimodal biometric identification but they are vulnerable for spoofing. So a multimodal identification process has evolved which integrates information from multiple biometric sources. For the fusion we are using score level fusion approach and clustering using k means clustering. The classification is done by a multi svm machine which is an efficient classification.
[Mucoid cystic adventitial degeneration of the popliteal artery with simultaneous arteriosclerosis].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A 56-year-old male patient presented with intermittent claudication due to cystic adventitial degeneration of the popliteal artery. In addition independent symptomatic arteriosclerotic alterations of several arteries distal and proximal of the popliteal artery were detected. The etiologic, diagnostic and differential-diagnostic aspects in general and the therapeutic implications of this uncommon case are discussed.
Single-shot parameter estimation via continuous quantum measurement

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We present filtering equations for single shot parameter estimation using continuous quantum measurement. By embedding parameter estimation in the standard quantum filtering formalism, we derive the optimal Bayesian filter for cases when the parameter takes on a finite range of values. Leveraging recent convergence results [van Handel, arXiv:0709.2216 (2008)], we give a condition which determines the asymptotic convergence of the estimator. For cases when the parameter is continuous valued, we develop quantum particle filters as a practical computational method for quantum parameter estimation.
The significance of the anatomical factors in the occurrence of degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives: To analyzed the risk factors of degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis(DLS).Methods: Retrospectively reviewed 60 cases of DLS patients as the case group,from July 2009 to September 2010.Male 20 cases,female 40 cases,age 51-75 years old,averaged 65.3±7.8 years old.Enrolled 60 cases age-and sex-matched volunteers without DLS as the control group.The lumber lordosis angle(LLA),sacral horizontal angle(SHA),lumbar index(LI),disc angle(DA),disc height(DH) were measured on the lateral radiograph film and the length of transverse process of L5(TPL),the width of transverse process of L5(TPW) were measured on the anterior-posterior radiograph film.The LI,DA,DH of the control group were the parameter of vertebral and disc,which were corresponding to the slippage level of the case group.Examined the differences of these variables between groups and the association between DLS and these variables.Results: LLA,SHA,LI,DA,DH of the case group were 45.83°±10.42°,28.35°±11.16°,0.85±0.13,7.24°±3.83°,9.12±2.73mm,and the control group were 47.48°±10.75°,23.16°±10.68°,0.96±0.10,9.68°±5.54°,10.54±2.48mm.SHA,LI,DA,DH had significant differences between groups(P0.05).TPL,TPW of the case group were 2.15±0.43cm,1.64±0.41cm,and TPL,TPW of the control group were 2.06±0.39cm,1.57±0.32cm.There was no significant difference between groups(P0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed statistically significant associations between DLS and LI,DA.The regression coefficients of LI and DA were-1.693、-1.406.Conclusions: DLS is significantly correlated with LI and DA.The decline of LI and DA may be the risk factors of DLS.
Forecasting incidence of dengue and selecting best method for prevention.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This study forecast future infected patients from dengue and also sought optimum solution for its prevention. Previous years' data of dengue patients was used for forecasting numbers of infected patients in 2017. The novelty of the study is the application of Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) technique in application of dengue control. We employed AHP to rank the alternative for dengue prevention using perception of general public collected via questioners from 100 respondents across Pakistan. The results show that public considered not to let the water accumulate inside their homes as the most economical, effective, efficient and less labour intensive alternative to combat dengue.
GP245 The use of a documentation tool ‘central line sticker’ as a quality improvement initiative to standardise the insertion of peripheral central catheters (PICC) in a regional neonatal unit

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background

In 2014, a retrospective audit of 25 Neonatal central line (CL) insertions in our NICU demonstrated a suboptimal clinical documentation standard together with a low kappa inter-observer variation score (0.519) between Consultant Radiologist and Paediatrician for CL tip location. A quality improvement initiative in the form of a standardised documentation tools 'CL sticker' was introduced in 2014. Departmental policy stipulated that it was to be inserted into the patient chart for each central line.

Aims

To measure compliance with use of ('CL sticker') for insertion of PICC lines. To measure inter-observer agreement in relation to PICC lines tip position To compare results with central line audit in 2014.

Method

Retrospective audit of charts of all Neonates with PICC lines in the NICU between August 2015 and August 2018, was performed. The frequency of use of the 'PICC sticker' was documented. Compliance with the 15 PICC documentation criteria was noted. Kappa score was calculated between radiologist and paediatrician for the PICC position on x-ray.

Results

The charts of 41 Neonates with PICC lines, were reviewed. One hundred percent had a PICC Sticker inserted in the chart. Twenty-six 'PICC Stickers' (63%) had 100% compliance with all the 15 documentation criteria. Thirty-eight charts (92%) had 11 or more documentation criteria completed. There was 100% compliance with Date, time, Indication, Catheter type, Insertion Depth, time of×ray, Position on×ray, line taped at, 'Line Suitable' and Clinical Signature. The Documentation sticker with less than 100% compliance included catheter size 80% (33/41), measured length 95% (37/41), no change 75% (31/41) and with draw 95%(39/41). Formal radiological reports documented the PICC line tip position in forty of the forty-one×rays. Kappa score for correlation between Paediatrician and Radiologist was 0.637(95% CI 0.394–0.880). This audit demonstrates significant improvement to the standard of clinical documentation (as Shown in Bar Charts).

Findings

Conclusion

This audit shows that, following the introduction of a 'CL Stickers' quality Improvement initiative, there has been significant improvement in quality of documentation of PICC lines in the past 4-year period. While kappa scores for inter-observer variation for the radiological position of the CL has shown some improved since 2014, it remains low at 0.637.
First Report of Fusarium proliferatum Infecting Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) in China

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract In 2011, a wilt disease has been detected on carnation ( D ianthus caryophyllus L .) cultivar ‘ L ight P ink B arbara’ in K unming, Y unnan, C hina. A F usarium sp. was consistently recovered from pieces of symptomatic tissues on Petri dishes containing potato dextrose agar ( PDA ). On the basis of morphological characteristics and molecular identification by DNA sequencing of ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (r DNA ITS ) and partial translation elongation factor‐1α ( TEF ) gene region, following their phylogenetic trees construction, the putative causal agent was identified as F usarium proliferatum ( M atsushima) N irenberg, and its pathogenicity was finally confirmed by K och's postulates. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a wilt disease caused by F . proliferatum on carnation in C hina.
Radical Reformism and the Marxist Critique

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The mainstream environmental movement has tended to accept the continuation of capitalism and the growth economy. A de-materialization is hoped to follow from limits on the use of natural resources. Eco-Marxists have opposed this strategy, claiming environmental problems are intrinsic to capitalism. More recently a tendency which I will call “radical reformism” has been gaining strength. Radical reformists argue that a growth economy is not compatible with environmental limits. They look to regulate capitalism to prevent growth. The overall intention is for a peaceful transition within a broadly capitalist economy. The eco-Marxist critique of mainstream environmentalism can also be applied to radical reformism. While radical reformists may have some answers to this critique, these answers bring further problems.
Antioxidant Activity and Hemocompatibility Study of Quercetin Loaded Plga Nanoparticles.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Quercetin (QU) is an important flavonoid compound presenting lots of biological activities, but its application has been limited due to its low aqueous solubility and instability. In this study, conducted to improve these properties of the quercetin, quercetin-encapsulated PLGA nanoparticles were prepared, characterized, and evaluated for antioxidant and hemolytic activity. Nanoparticles were produced by single emulsion solvent evaporation method. Four different process parameters initial QU amount, PVA concentration, PVA volume, and initial PLGA amount were investigated to obtain the nanoparticles which have minimum particle size and maximum entrapment efficiency. Synthesized nanoparticles were evaluated for particle size, entrapment efficiency, and reaction yield. Additionally, antioxidant properties and in-vitro hemolytic activity of quercetin loaded nanoparticles with different particle size were also evaluated for the first time in the literature. The antioxidant activity results showed that nanoparticles have different antioxidant activity, depending on the amount of quercetin release from nanoparticles at different particle sizes. The hemolytic activity results show that all nanoparticles exhibited favorable compatibility to red blood cells and no significant hemolytic effect was observed.
Considerations regarding voluntary death

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Palabras Clave: suicidio, enfermedad mental, bioetica, muerte voluntaria, autonomia. Abstract: In the last decades and in relation to the results of multiple epidemiologi- cal studies, the idea of suicide being caused by a mental disorder in more than 90% of the cases has been consolidated. In this paper we aim to ponder briefly about how suicide is therefore considered the result of a disease and how it is often forgotten that, even if we cannot disregard the findings of research papers which support that line of thought, we cannot and must not forget other factors involved in suicidal be- haviour nor neglect the ethical appraisal of this subject. We approach in short detail the repercussions in clinical practice of patients' right to have a dignified death.
Optimizing laser litotripsy with super-pulse Tm fiber laser through controlling pulse shape and modulating pulse sequence

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Objective of the study was to improve efficiency, safety and ergonomics of laser lithotripsy through both modifying temporal profile of the laser pulses and manipulating various characteristics of the pulse sequence. Specifically, modulating the pulse energy and the peak power (amplitude modulation - AM) as well as modulating the repetition rate (frequency and amplitude-frequency modulation - FM and AFM, respectively) were investigated in vitro using a super-pulse Tm fiber laser . Benefits of AM and AFM (but not FM) for decreasing the treatment time and reducing the retropulsion effect are shown.
Nonlinear polarization-modulated spectroscopy of bacteriorhodopsin and its analogues

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

We report on a novel nonlinear polarization-modulated spectroscopic method for an accurate measurement of the nonlinear change of both real and imaginary parts of the complex refractive index in isotropic materials having either scalar or tensor photoresponse. It is based on a vector two-wave-mixing interaction and heterodyne detection of dynamic change of optical polarization. New data on steady-state and transient nonlinear characteristics of bacteriorhodopsin-based materials (suspensions and polymer films) are obtained using this method.
Helmeted head and neck dynamics under whole-body vibration.

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The military aviator's helmet functions as both protective gear and as an equipment mounting platform for devices that enhance aviator performance. These devices include night vision goggles, head-up displays, sighting systems, and other gear such as multiple visors and chemical protective masks. This additional equipment alters the helmet mass and center of mass, which in turn, increases the load on the muscles of the neck. This study investigated sagittally symmetric changes in head supported mass (M) and center of mass (CM) for effects on head and neck posture, acceleration, and neck myoelectric responses under whole-body vibration. Twelve volunteer male aviators were exposed to short duration axially swept sinusoidal vibration while wearing twelve different helmet configurations. These configurations consisted of three masses of 2, 3, and 4 Kg, and four center of masses of $-$2, 0, 2, and 4 cm measured relative to the head center of mass in the Anterior/Posterior (AP) direction. Acceleration measurements were made obtaining pitch, AP, and axial motion at T1 and the AO complex. Postural measurements were made using high speed video recordings of the subject's profile. Myoelectric responses were measured using bipolar surface electrodes placed over the right and left infrahyoid, sternocleidomastoid, splenius capitus, and trapezius muscles. Results showed that postural static moments remained constant with no significant changes in head, neck, or trunk angle as a function of vibration frequency, M, or CM parameters. Acceleration measurements showed significant increases in head pitch acceleration at resonance, but no changes in resonant frequency, for changes in M and CM. Consistent resonant frequencies suggest the head and neck system is not a passive system but is actively controlled by the muscles of the neck. Myoelectric responses in the neck showed significant increases in peak RMS activity for posterior muscles and were highly correlated with head pitch acceleration (r $>$ 0.80). Force calculations about the combined head and helmet center of mass were correlated (r $>$ 0.85) with calibrated posterior neck muscle responses. Acceleration, myoelectric, and force calculation results suggest that significant differences are seen in the responses when added helmet mass exceeds 82 $\pm$ 23 N$\cdot$cm relative to the AO complex.
Compiling computer-mediated spoken language corpora

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper discusses key issues in the compilation of spoken language corpora in a computer-mediated communication (CMC) environment, using data from the Corpus of Academic Spoken English (CASE), a corpus of Skype conversations currently being compiled at Saarland University, Germany, in cooperation with European and US partners. Based on first findings, Skype is presented as a suitable tool for collecting informal spoken data. In addition, new recommendations concerning data compilation and transcription are put forward to supplement existing best practice as presented in Wynne (2005). We recommend the preservation of multimodal features during anonymisation, and the addition of annotation elements already at the transcription stage, particularly CMC-related discourse features, English as a Lingua Franca (ELF) features (e.g. non-standard language and code-switching), as well as the inclusion of prosodic, paralinguistic, and non-verbal annotation. Additionally, we propose a layered corpus design in order to allow researchers to focus on specific annotation features.
Radiobiological Effects of Low Doses: Implications for Radiological Protection

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

For most biological effects that are relevant to radiobiological protection under conditions of low-level irradiation-namely, the induction of mutations, chromosome aberrations, cell killing, teratogenic effects, and the induction of neoplasms-the effectiveness per rad of low-LET radiation is reduced at low doses and low dose rates, whereas that of high-LET radiation is relatively less dose and dose rate dependent. The variations with dose, dose rate, and LET differ, however, from one type of effect to another, and in few instances have they been defined well enough to enable confident extrapolations to the exposure levels associated with occupational or natural background irradiation. Because of these radiobiological variations, and the paucity of data referable directly to human populations, it is not possible to make confident estimates of the risks associated with such low-level irradiation. At the same time, however, it is clear that risk estimates based on the linear hypothesis, involving single lin...
The detrimental effects of Corticosterone administration on post-implantation Embryonic development in mice / Nasibah Azme ... [et al.]

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Stress is a common problem encountered by females that could influence fertility. Several stages of normal reproductive process could be disturbed by stress. An increased in corticosterone (CORT) levels is an indication of stress in rodents. Chronic CORT administration in rats has been reported to induce oxidative stress condition and subsequently resulted in tissue damage in the brain. However, reports on the effects of stress or stress hormones in inducing oxidative stress in early pregnancy are still few. Thus, this study aims to investigate the effects of exogenous CORT in inducing oxidative stress in pregnant mice. Mice were given intraperitoneal injection of 5mg/kg body weight (BW), 10mg/kg BW and 20mg/kg BW CORT from day one to day seven of pregnancy. On day seven of pregnancy, mice were subjected to laparotomy to determine the number of implantation sites and blood were taken to analyze the plasma levels of progesterone and malondialdehyde (MDA) following treatment with three different doses of CORT. Litter size were then counted at birth and compared with the number of implantation sites to determine the resorption rate in the treatment and control group. Results showed that lower number of implantation sites (p<0.05), higher resorption rate (p<0.001) and lower plasma progesterone levels (p<0.05) in CORT-treated groups as compared to control. The plasma MDA levels on the other hand were not significantly different in CORT-treated groups as compared to control. This study concluded that CORT administration is detrimental to the post-implantation embryonic development. However, the plasma MDA levels, one of the biomarker for oxidative stress were not changed, thus suggesting that doses and duration of CORT administration in this study is not sufficient to induce oxidative stress condition.
Levels of High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein, Leptin, and Resistin in Patients With Overt Hypothyroidism and Subclinical Hypothyroidism

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

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