jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A New Genus of Hover Wasps from Southeast

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Chalogaster spatulata, new genus and species, is described from Viet Nam and northern Thailand. The genus belongs to the subfamily Stenogastrinae, a group of social wasps endemic to the Oriental Region. Cladistic analysis indicates that Chalogaster is the sister-group of the genus Metischnogaster van der Vecht. A revised key to the genera of Stenogastrinae is pre-sented.
The Irish administration, 1801–1914. By R. B. McDowell. Pp. xi. 328. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul. 1964. 50s. (Studies in Irish History, second series, ed. T. W Moody, J. C. Beckett, and T. D williams, vol. ii)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The Irish administration, 1801–1914. By R. B. McDowell. Pp. xi. 328. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul. 1964. 50s. (Studies in Irish History, second series, ed. T. W Moody, J. C. Beckett, and T. D williams, vol. ii) - Volume 14 Issue 55
A study of silicon-wafer surface evaluation using atomic force microscopy

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents a new method of evaluation of silicon-wafer surface roughness. Atomic force microscopy is chosen over conventional methods because of improved horizontal resolution. In this study, the authors investigate (i) the influence of the lip radius on AFM resolution, and (ii) the relationship between AFM and particle counters. The surface roughness of polished silicon wafers is measured by AFM and the influence of different types of polishing pad and colloidal slurry is discussed.
Strong Convergence Theorem for Two Commutative Asymptotically Nonexpansive Mappings in Hilbert Space

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

C is a bounded closed convex subset of a Hilbert space H , T and S : C → C are two asymptotically nonexpansive mappings such that S T = T S . We establish a strong convergence theorem for S and T in Hilbert space by hybrid method. The results generalize and unify many corresponding results.
Vocal behaviour of Orange River Francolin Scleroptila levaillantoides based on visual and sound-playback surveys

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Fieldwork to study the vocal behaviour of Orange River Francolin Scleroptilia levaillantoides was conducted on a farm in the Heidelberg district, Gauteng province, South Africa, during August 2009 to March 2011. Orange River Francolins possess a basic repertoire of seven calls and one mechanical sound. From 83 francolins tested with playback calls only 33 (39.7%) responded with call backs over the course of the study period. This low response rate in the population is ascribed to habituation because most of the coveys were tested repeatedly on a weekly basis. From a management point of view, call backs can be used to locate coveys in the grass that could then be approached, flushed and counted. Alternatively, it is possible to locate coveys with interactive sound equipment and then multiply the number of call-back localities with an average covey size (about two to three francolins) to determine the size of the population. A ‘ke-ri ke-chi’ playback call enticed three different calls from Orange River Francolins that can be used for management purposes, including the ‘ke-ri ke-chi’, cacophony and female calls. These three calls can be used to locate Orange River Francolins, determine dispersion, habitat preferences, breeding cycle and to identify subadults, males and females.
[Induction of alpha-fetoprotein synthesis in highly differentiated spontaneous hepatomas in mice].

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Highly differentiated spontaneous hepatomas of 13-15-month-old CBA mice are not capable to produce embryo-specific serum protein--alpha-fetoprotein (AFP). AFP synthesis is induced in such tumors by minimal mechanical injuries (application of mild incisions to the tumor nodes). On the third day after surgery AFP-positive cells are detectable in two zones: 1) along the inflammatory area in the peripheral parts of incisions; 2) near large blood vessels that drain the involved parts. It is suggested that the mechanism of AFP synthesis regulation in highly differentiated hepatomas is identical to that in the normal liver and is related to local structural rearrangements.
Does locality make a difference? Assessing the effectiveness of location-aware narratives

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Journal Article Does locality make a difference? Assessing the effectiveness of location-aware narratives Get access Evangelos Karapanos, Evangelos Karapanos ⁎ Madeira Interactive Technologies Institute, Campus de Penteade, 5600 MB Funchal, Portugal ⁎ Corresponding author. ekarapanos@uma.pt Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Mary Barreto, Mary Barreto Madeira Interactive Technologies Institute, Campus de Penteade, 5600 MB Funchal, Portugal Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Valentina Nisi, Valentina Nisi Madeira Interactive Technologies Institute, Campus de Penteade, 5600 MB Funchal, Portugal Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Evangelos Niforatos Evangelos Niforatos Madeira Interactive Technologies Institute, Campus de Penteade, 5600 MB Funchal, Portugal Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Interacting with Computers, Volume 24, Issue 4, July 2012, Pages 273–279, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intcom.2012.03.005 Published: 03 May 2013
Motor Developmental Outcomes in Children Exposed to Maternal Diabetes during Pregnancy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Studies on the association of maternal diabetes with motor development in children provide inconsistent findings. We searched MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, Emcare, PsycINFO, and Google Scholar databases for primary observational, case–control, or cohort studies that report on the motor development of children exposed to maternal diabetes during pregnancy. Quality appraisal and data extraction were performed independently and in duplicate. A meta-analysis of summary measures was performed using random-effect models. Eighteen studies were identified for inclusion, however, only 13 were included in the meta-analysis. Exposure to maternal diabetes during pregnancy was associated with a lower pooled motor development in children and a decrease in both gross and fine motor development. Among all other factors, pre-existing diabetes and other gestational comorbidities, such as hypertension and obesity, or low socioeconomic status, also affect child development. Therefore, among children of diabetic mothers, those with other gestational comorbidities or pre-existing diabetes were more likely to be at risk developmentally.
Wellness in the healing ministry.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Wellness has gained a foothold in most healthcare delivery systems because of its focus: Keeping people well is the ultimate goal of a healthcare system. Three generations of wellness models have evolved over the past 16 years. First-generation wellness efforts focus on reducing health risks. Hospitals have developed programs and services to improve customers' and employees' health status. And corporations are lowering health risks by offering employees worksite fitness centers, cholesterol and other screenings, and smoking-cessation programs. Second-generation wellness efforts link wellness to benefits. Hospitals and corporations have implemented health incentive programs, structured to reward people for maintaining low ranges in their controllable health risk factors. Third-generation wellness efforts show that connectedness can improve health. Such efforts emphasize the importance of spiritual and emotional well-being as an inextricable part of physical health and healing. Today prayer and support groups, guided imagery, and prayerful meditation are becoming more mainstream. Such wellness approaches encourage persons to think and care for themselves more holistically.
PillowVR: Virtual Reality in Bed

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We demonstrate PillowVR, virtual reality framework that integrates the smartphone, magnifier and sensors into a pillow/cushion for immersive VR experience in bed. PillowVR is applied for presenting immersive bed time stories to children to help them go to sleep and therefore its interaction was designed to minimize excessive bodily movements – only simple back-of-the head pressure events are used to browse the content. PillowVR illustrates shows how VR can be more woven into our daily lives inexpensively and naturally by customizing the set up and interaction for the specific task and experience.
Pharmacoeconomics of anticoagulation therapy for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation: a review

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

INTRODUCTION: Atrial fibrillation (AF) increases the risk of ischemic stroke 5-fold and may not only be responsible for as many as 15% of all strokes that occur but also for larger and more disabling strokes than those attributable to other causes which increase the associated costs of care. Anticoagulation with warfarin in the target INR of 2.5 is a major clinical challenge in real-life practice, given that the complex relationship between warfarin dosage and response is readily altered by a variety of factors such as concurrent medications, illnesses, genetic influences, and dietary/lifestyle changes. Consequently, INR values are out of the target range approximately half of the time in real-life studies compared to clinical trial setting. Current anticoagulation therapies are less likely to be cost-effective in routine clinical practice and need improvement. The aim of this review is to discuss the pharmacoeconomic consequences of this management strategy by analysing the optimal treatment option within specific age and risk groups, confirming current guidelines for a health economic perspective and considering the economic impact on health care policy. METHODS: An electronic search of the Medline/PubMed database from 1966 to 2005 was performed to identify articles dealing with all pharmacoeconomic aspects of stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation. The following search terms were used: 'atrial fibrillation', 'stroke', 'cost', 'warfarin'. RESULTS: Treatment with warfarin is cost-effective (versus aspirin or no therapy) in patients with AF at moderate-to-high risk of stroke. The cost-effectiveness of anticoagulation therapy is driven by the achieved risk reduction rather than the potential benefits estimated from clinical trials. Failure to maintain optimal anticoagulation places patients at risk of complications, the management of which is a significant cost driver. CONCLUSION: Improvement could be achieved by optimising physicians and patient's knowledge driven through prevention campaigns by health care policy.
Hyperspectral image fusion based on L-NMF

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The fusion of a hyperspectral image (HSI) and a panchromatic image (PI) creates data that is beneficial to subsequent processing. Based on the traditional nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF)-based fusion method, the logarithmic hyperbolic cosine function is introduced as a spectral constraint. Under the constraint, the original HSI is decomposed into endmember and abundance matrices. The abundance matrix is then enhanced using PI, and the fused HSI is finally obtained with NMF reconstruction. In this way, the fused data have comparable spatial detail and spectral information. According to the experiments on the simulated and real data, the proposed fusion method obtains balanced fused results, and it is more suitable for the HSI fusion task.
Major Immunoglobulin Ratios in Carcinoma of the Head and Neck

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

— Serum immunoglobulin A (IgA), immunoglobulin G (IgG), and immunoglobulin M (IgM) levels were determined on 245 patients with carcinoma of the head and neck and on 92 controls. Ratios of these levels were calculated for each subject. The patients with cancer demonstrated elevated serum IgA levels ( P <.0001) and elevated IgA/IgM and IgA/IgG ratios ( P <.05). No differences were noted when the IgM/IgG ratios were compared between the cancer and the control groups. These observations are offered as evidence that previously reported elevations of serum IgA levels in patients with carcinoma of the head and neck are not merely an index of nonspecific increased immunoglobulin production in these patients.
Dissecting the\npH Sensitivity of Kinesin-Driven Transport

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Kinesin-1 is a crucial motor protein that drives the\nmicrotubule-based\nmovement of organelles, vital for cellular function and health. Mostly\nstudied at pH 6.9, it moves at approximately 800 nm/s, covers about\n1 μm before detaching, and hydrolyzes one ATP per 8 nm step.\nGiven that cellular pH is dynamic and alterations in pH have significant\nimplications for disease, understanding how kinesin-1 functions across\ndifferent pH levels is crucial. To explore this, we executed single-molecule\nmotility assays paired with precise optical trapping techniques over\na pH range of 5.5–9.8. Our results show a consistent positive\nrelationship between increasing pH and the enhanced detachment (off\nrate) and speed of kinesin-1. Measurements of the nucleotide-dependent\noff rate show that kinesin-1 exhibits the highest rate of ATPase activity\nat alkaline pH, while it demonstrates the optimal number of ATP turnover\nand cargo translocation efficiency at the acidic pH. Physiological\npH of 6.9 optimally balances the biophysical activity of kinesin-1,\npotentially allowing it to function effectively across a range of\npH levels. These insights emphasize the crucial role of pH homeostasis\nin cellular function, highlighting its importance for the precise\nregulation of motor proteins and efficient intracellular transport.
Acceptability and Technical Feasibility of an Electrical Wiring Installation Trainer

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The use of mock-up trainer as an instructional material is very significant in the cycle of teaching-learning in developing technical skills and exercises, certainly in building and residential wiring installation and maintenance to guarantee the learners quality education in an industrial-like scenario.This study employed a descriptive method of research by determining the trainers' acceptability using the variablesfunctionality, usefulness, safety, and maintenance, and it is technical feasibly using the variables -validity, reliability, and replicability by the electrical experts from the academe and the industry.After series of demonstrations and technology assessments of the respondents, the said trainer was rated by both experts from the academe particularly teaching electrical technology and engineering, and the electrical industry acceptable and technical feasible on all the criteria in the given instrument.With this trainer present in the shop-laboratory, learners can develop their expertise by accomplishing such tasks because it is along-side the real market of building and industrial wiring installation and maintenance.
Structural determinants in the miRNA/miRNA* duplex and the DCL1 PAZ domain for precise and efficient plant miRNA processing

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

SUMMARY The accessory proteins Hyponastic‐like 1 (HYL1) and Serrated (SE) enhance the precise and efficient processing of miRNAs by Dicer‐like 1 (DCL1), which is important for proper miRNA function. However, other factors determining the precision and efficiency of miRNA biogenesis are not well‐known. Here, we found that an asymmetric bulge (AB) at the 3′ end of miR‐5p (produced from the 5′ arm of the pre‐miRNA) reduced the precision of the second cleavage, whereas an AB at other sites of miR‐5p mainly affected the accumulation level of miR‐5p in transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana . In contrast, many ABs in miR‐3p (produced from the 3′ arm of the pre‐miRNA) impose strong negative impact on the processing precision and the accumulation level of miR‐5p in N. benthamiana . Arabidopsis DCL1/SE/HYL1 complex‐mediated miRNA processing was reconstituted in Saccharomyces cerevisiae to further investigate AB‐mediated interference with DCL1 processing. With this system, the positional effect of AB on miRNA processing was tested. The results showed that ABs on the middle of miR‐5p have less of an impact on DCL1 cleavage efficiency and precision, whereas those on miR‐3p or near the ends of miR‐5p strongly reduce DCL1 cleavage activity, precision or both. Studies using the yeast miRNA processing system and transgenic Arabidopsis also revealed the importance of the interaction between the 2‐nt 3′ overhang of pre‐miRNA and the 3′ overhang binding pocket (3′BP) on the precision of the second cleavage reaction for many endogenous miRNAs. These findings provide new insights into the mechanism of miRNA biogenesis.
Splenic Immune Response Is Down-Regulated in C57BL/6J Mice Fed Eicosapentaenoic Acid and Docosahexaenoic Acid Enriched High Fat Diet

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Dietary n-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are associated with reduction of inflammation, although the mechanisms are poorly understood, especially how the spleen, as a secondary lymphoid organ, is involved. To investigate the effects of EPA and DHA on spleen gene expression, male C57BL/6J mice were fed high fat diets (HFD) differing in fatty acid composition, either based on corn oil (HFD-CO), or CO enriched with 2 g/100 g EPA and DHA (HFD-ED), for eight weeks. Spleen tissue was analyzed using transcriptomics and for fatty acids profiling. Biological processes (BPs) related to the immune response, including T-cell receptor signaling pathway, T-cell differentiation and co-stimulation, myeloid dendritic cell differentiation, antigen presentation and processing, and the toll like receptor pathway were downregulated by HFD-ED compared with control and HFD-CO. These findings were supported by the down-regulation of NF-κB in HFD-ED compared with HFD-CO fed mice. Lower phospholipid arachidonic acid levels in HFD-ED compared with HFD-CO, and control mice suggest attenuation of pathways via prostaglandins and leukotrienes. The HFD-ED also upregulated BPs related to erythropoiesis and hematopoiesis compared with control and HFD-CO fed mice. Our findings suggest that EPA and DHA down-regulate the splenic immune response induced by HFD-CO, supporting earlier work that the spleen is a target organ for the anti-inflammatory effects of these n-3 fatty acids.
Attenuation of High-Frequency Seismic Waves in Kachchh Region, Gujarat, India

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The attenuation properties of the crust in the Kachchh region, Gujarat, India, have been investigated. For this purpose, 49 local earthquakes having focal depths in the 3–38 km range have been used. The quality factors Q α (the quality factor using P waves) and Q β (the quality factor using S waves) have been estimated using the coda normalization method. The quality factor of coda waves ( Q c ) has been estimated using the single backscattering model. Multiple scattering models have been used to estimate Q i (the intrinsic attenuation parameter) and Q s (scattering attenuation parameter) for the region. The values of Q α , Q β , Q c , Q i , and Q s show a dependence on frequency in the range of 1.5–24 Hz for the Kachchh region. The average frequency-dependent relationships ( Q = Q 0 f n ) estimated for the region are Q α =(77±2) f (0.87±0.03) , Q β =(100±4) f (0.86±0.04) , and Q c =(148±3) f (1.01±0.02) . The estimate of Q c is found to be higher than Q β in this region. This analysis supports the Zeng et al. (1991) model that predicts that the effects of intrinsic and scattering attenuation combine in a manner that Q c should be more than Q β . The estimated values of Q s and Q i vary from 529 and 183 at 1.5 Hz to 3053 and 2668 at 24 Hz, respectively. We find that the Q c estimates lie between the estimates of Q i and Q s but are closer to Q i at lower frequencies. This is in agreement with the theoretical as well as laboratory measurements. A comparison between Q i and Q s shows that intrinsic absorption is predominant over scattering.
Do Nasal Polyps and Inverted Papilloma have Similar Disorders in Cell Cycle Regulation?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background The aim of this study was to determine the expression of cell cycle regulation genes in patients with inverted papilloma (IP) and compare this with expression in patients with nasal polyps (NPs). Methods Tissue from 18 patients with IP and 5 patients with NPs were stained by immunohistochemistry techniques for p53 and p27. Measurement of the gene expression was performed by three assessors, who we blinded with respect to the specimens. Results The mean score for p53 expression (3.33) was significantly higher in the IP group than the NP group (1.46). The mean difference between IP and NPs was 1.80 (CI, 1.15–2.46; p = 0.003). Additionally, we showed in a number of individuals variation in the p53 expression within the same specimen. There was no difference in the mean scores for p27, with the mean difference 0.79 (CI, 0.30–1.89; p = 0.147). Conclusion Our study established a significantly increased expression of p53 in IP when compared with NPs. Additionally, there appear to be two different cell populations identified within the same specimens, which exhibited variation in their p53 expression.
Influence of Forced Transglottal Pressure Changes on Vocal Fundamental Frequency

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Forced transglottal pressure changes (ΔPt) were produced in 10 subjects while they sustained vowels and uttered monosyllables. Pressure changes were applied sinusoidally at both the body surface (subglottally) and the airway opening (supraglottally) by loudspeakers driven at 4–6 Hz (the empirically determined resonant frequency of each subject). Vocal fundamental frequency (f0) was recorded with a throat microphone and analyzed from narrow-band spectrograms. Results showed values for (Δf0/ΔPt) to be dependent upon vocal frequency, intensity, and register, and to be independent of vowel, voice quality, utterance type (i.e., sustained vowels versus vowels in syllables), and mode of applying pressure. Except for falsetto phonations, (Δf0/ΔPt) values exceeded 5 Hz/cm H2O in only one subject and in the speech range of f0 they were typically 2–4 Hz/cm H2O. These findings fail to support earlier work (Lieberman et al., 1969) based on one of the subjects included here. We conclude that f0 changes characteristic of conversational speech can be accounted for only in part on the basis of changes in (Pt) and that significant control of f0 is vested in laryngeal adjustments.
Gharar Konsep Memahami dalam Fiqih: Definisi dan Implikasinya dalam Transaksi

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The concept of gharar in Islamic jurisprudence refers to uncertainty and speculation in transactions, which is prohibited due to its potential to cause loss and injustice. This study aims to examine the definitions, forms, and implications of gharar in modern economic transactions. Using a qualitative method with a literature review approach, data were collected from fiqh texts, books, and scholarly articlesThe findings indicate that gharar can be categorized into minor gharar, which may be tolerated, and major gharar, which is prohibited. Transactions such as conventional insurance and futures trading often involve gharar, but contemporary scholars provide boundaries to distinguish permissible uncertainty from prohibited uncertainty. Therefore, principles of openness, transparency, and clear agreements should be applied to avoid gharar in transactions.