jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Quantifying bushfire mapping uncertainty using single and multiscale approach: a case study from Tasmania, Australia

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

More than 72,000 hectares of western Tasmania were burnt in 2016 due to bushfires. Bushfires in Tasmania has high social, economical, and environmental impacts. The remote delineation of these bushfires has paramount importance for decision-making authorities to help people in emergencies and planning. Considering the fact that delineation uncertainty from Earth Observation [EO] data is inevitable, this study uses MODIS, Landsat and Sentinel-2 imageries covering the 2016 burnt areas from Tasmania. We test the hypothesis that the difference in Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) before and after the fire event can detect the accurate delineation of burnt areas and hence the changes. MODIS, Landsat and Sentinel-2 products before and after fire are used independently in delineating and mapping bushfire boundaries. We map in three thematic classes burnt, damaged and both. Delineated boundaries are examined for uncertainty and error maps are produced. The uncertainty examination and validation are performed using ground truth data obtained from local fire authorities. Developed error metrics are used to obtain statistical measures like sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, kappa coefficient and overall accuracy. Our results show that there is minimal difference in overall accuracy from both the sensors MODIS: [0.94 vs 0.92] and Sentinel [0.94 vs 0.93] for the classes burnt & damaged vs only burnt. Furthermore, we propose a conceptual framework for bushfire mapping uncertainty in a multiple-scale environment incorporating sensitive thematic parameters that could affect initiation of fire and blaze direction. The parameters considered in our framework are: vegetation type [landcover], vegetation density [vegetation indices], drought [soil moisture, air moisture, precipitation], temperature [air temperature, soil temperature], topography [elevation, slope, aspect, ruggedness, topography position index], and wind [speed, direction]).
ChemInform Abstract: Enzymes in Organic Synthesis. Part 13. Synthesis of Alkyl (.+‐.)‐2,3‐ Di‐O‐acylglycerates and Attempts Directed to Their Conversion into Alkyl (R)‐2,3‐Di‐O‐acylglycerates by Enzyme‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Deacylation Reactions.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The Effects of Mixed-Race Households on Residential Segregation

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract This paper investigates how household-scale racial mixing affects measurements of neighborhood-scale racial segregation. This topic is increasingly important as mixed-race households are becoming more common across the United States. Specifically, our research asks two questions: What is the sensitivity of neighborhood racial segregation measures to levels of household-scale racial mixing? And what is the relationship between neighborhood racial diversity and the presence of mixed-race households? We answer these questions with an analysis that uses confidential long-form data from the 1990 U.S. census. These data provide information on household racial composition at the tract level. The results show that racial mixing within households has meaningful effects on measurements of neighborhood segregation, suggesting that patterns of mixed-race household formation and residential location condition understandings of neighborhood segregation dynamics. We demonstrate that mixed-race households are a disproportionate source of neighborhood diversity in the least racially plural neighborhoods. This article also reflects on the complications that mixed-race households pose for the interpretations of neighborhood-scale segregation and cautions against drawing conclusions about residential desegregation based on racial mixing in households. Keywords: mixed-race householdsresidential segregationscaleentropy decomposition
Nuclear and mitochondrial genome of the mediterranean corn borer Sesamia nonagrioides

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This dataset contains the assembly and annotation of the mitochondrial genome and of the nuclear genome of the Mediterranean corn borer (Sesamia nonagrioides, Noctuidae, Lepidoptera), a major pest of maize in Europe and Africa. The DNA used to generate this assembly was extracted from a pool of inbred males and females third instar larvae. The assembly is based on short- and long-read sequencing. The complete mitochondrial genome is 15,330 bp and contains all expected 13 and 24 protein-coding and RNA genes, respectively. The nuclear assembly is 1,021 Mbp, composed of 2,553 scaffolds and it has an N50 of 1,105 kbp. A total of 17,230 protein-coding genes were predicted, including 15,776 with InterPro domains. These genome assemblies provide a solid molecular basis to study insect genome evolution and to further develop biocontrol strategies against S. nonagrioides.
Temperature change in Kastamonu between 1992-2022

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

As a result of the increase in greenhouse gases in the atmosphere caused by various human activities, the artificial increase in the temperature of the near-Earth and solid Earth layers of the atmosphere is referred to as global warming. Global warming has been one of the most important common problems of the whole world, especially in the last century. The effects of climate change caused by global warming are mainly seen in the form of changes in meteorological parameters. In addition, climate change negatively affects elements of the hydrological cycle such as evaporation, agricultural and forest land, and natural plant habitats, and many parameters such as agricultural diversity and productivity. Knowing how temperature, a meteorological parameter and one of the most important indicators of global warming and climate change, has changed from the past to the present helps both to reveal the effects of climate change and to make predictions about future temperature trends.In this context, this study aimed to determine the temporal temperature changes, one of the meteorological parameters, on a regional scale. For this purpose, the monthly minimum temperature, monthly maximum temperature, monthly mean temperature, and annual mean temperature values measured at the Central Meteorological Station of Kastamonu Province between 1992 and 2022 for 30 years were examined. As a result of the study, it can be seen that there is an increasing trend in the maximum temperature as well as fluctuations in the minimum temperature values, especially in recent years. In particular, the average temperature increases observed in recent years reflect the effects of climate change in the region.
Modeling and Control of Puddle Geometry in Gas Metal-Arc Welding

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The quality of a weld joint is adversely affected by disturbances and parameter variations that occur during the welding process. In order to improve weld quality several researchers have developed automated welding systems which regulate the puddle geometry. In the past such systems have been designed using PI or PID controllers with little or no effort being made to model the dynamics of the puddle geometry. In addition arc welding processes are frequently modeled as single-input single-output systems. In this paper both single-input single-output (SISO) and multi-input multi-output (MIMO) models of the puddle geomtry are found using off-line identification techniques. Optimal linear quadratic (LQ) control methods are used to design two separate control systems. The first regulates puddle width while the second jointly regulates puddle width and area.
On the Clinimetrics of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment: Cutoff Analysis in Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment due to Alzheimer’s Disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: In the era of disease-modifying therapies, empowering the clinical neuropsychologist’s toolkit for timely identification of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is crucial. Objective: Here we examine the clinimetric properties of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) for the early diagnosis of MCI due to Alzheimer’s disease (MCI-AD). Methods: Data from 48 patients with MCI-AD and 47 healthy controls were retrospectively analyzed. Raw MoCA scores were corrected according to the conventional Nasreddine’s 1-point correction and demographic adjustments derived from three normative studies. Optimal cutoffs were determined while previously established cutoffs were diagnostically reevaluated. Results: The original Nasreddine’s cutoff of 26 and normative cutoffs (non-parametric outer tolerance limit on the 5th percentile of demographically-adjusted score distributions) were overly imbalanced in terms of Sensitivity (Se) and Specificity (Sp). The optimal cutoff for Nasreddine’s adjustment showed adequate clinimetric properties (≤23.50, Se = 0.75, Sp = 0.70). However, the optimal cutoff for Santangelo’s adjustment (≤22.85, Se = 0.65, Sp = 0.87) proved to be the most effective for both screening and diagnostic purposes according to Larner’s metrics. The results of post-probability analyses revealed that an individual testing positive using Santangelo’s adjustment combined with a cutoff of 22.85 would have 84% post-test probability of receiving a diagnosis of MCI-AD (LR+ = 5.06). Conclusions: We found a common (mal)practice of bypassing the applicability of normative cutoffs in diagnosis-oriented clinical practice. In this study, we identified optimal cutoffs for MoCA to be allocated in secondary care settings for supporting MCI-AD diagnosis. Methodological and psychometric issues are discussed.
Dissociation of sulfur oxoacids by two water molecules studied usingab initioand density functional theory calculations

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Using ab initio [SCS-MP2 and CCSD(T)] and density functional theory (M062X) calculations, we have studied the geometries and energies of sulfur oxoacids H2SmO6 (m = 2–4) and their monohydrated and dihydrated clusters. When including the results from previously reported disulfuric acid (H2S2O7) cases, the gas phase acidity is ordered as H2S2O6 < H2S3O6 < H2S2O7 < H2S4O6. The intramolecular H-bonding, which may indicate the degree of structural flexibility in this molecular series, is an important factor for the order of the gas phase acidity. All these sulfur oxoacids show dissociated (or deprotonated) geometries with only two water molecules, although the energies of the dissociated conformers are ranked differently. All of the dissociated conformers form a unique H-bonding network structure in which the protonated first water (H3O+) is triply H-bonded to each oxygen atom of two SO3 moieties as well as the second water, which in turn is H-bonded to a SO3 moiety. H2S3O6 has the best molecular flexibility for adopting such an H-bonding network structure, and thereby all the low-lying conformers of H2S3O6(H2O)2 are dissociated. In contrast, the least flexible H2S2O6 forms such a structure with a high strain, and dissociation of H2S2O6(H2O)2 is found from the third lowest conformer. Although the gas phase acidity of H2S4O6 is the highest in this series, the lowest dissociated conformer and the lowest undissociated conformer of H2S4O6(H2O)2 are very close in energy. This is because forming the H-bonding network structure is somewhat difficult due to the large distance between the two SO3 moieties.
An Analysis Conflict in “The lady in the looking glass” By Virginia Woolf

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This research analyzes the conflict that happened on the character in "The lady in the looking glass” this short story by Virginia Woolf was published in 1929. The conflict that happened is Internal and external conflict. This research aims to analyze the conflict in Mrs. Isabella. In real-life conflict always happened, The theory based on Muller and John A William (1982:44) where there is divided conflict into two kinds, first is internal conflict dan second is an external conflict. This paper tries to make a study from a new perspective and new interpreting this modern short story with the theory of the conflict in the short story. This study aims to know the conflict that happens on Mrs. Isabella as the main character in the short story “The lady in the looking glass”. This study analyzes the sentence and quotation in a short story. The goal of this study is the researcher applied theory about the conflict to Mrs. Isabella has a conflict in the form like mental, physical, and moral.by the character.
Behavior of Membrane System in the Cell during Cell Divisions of Microsporogenesis in <i>Tradescantia paludosa</i>

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Behavior of membrane system in meiotic mitosis was observed in the pollen mother cells of Tradescantia paludosa with electron microscopes. Unlike the cases of somatic mitosis such as premeiotic mitoses (Maruyama 1963) and postmeiotic mitoses in T. paludosa (Maruyama 1966), and somatic mitoses in root meristematic cells (Porter and Machado 1960), the cisternal form of membranes in the cell vesiculate extensively at diakinesis. That is, the nuclear envelope and the cisternae in the cytoplasm as well break down into small vesicles, some of which fuse and swell to form vacuoles. At anaphases and telophases of both the 1st and the 2nd divisions, these elements, including the vacuoles, take parts in the formations of the new nuclear envelopes and the plasma membranes. After completion of the meiosis, a huge vacuole is formed in the microspore by fusion and swelling of the smaller vacuoles. The Golgi body seem to originate from these vesicles in the cytoplasm of the microspore which are formed from the disintegrating nuclear envelope and the cisternae in the cytoplasm at diakinesis. The intracytoplasmic cisternae are formed later in the microspore by branching of the nuclear envelope. From these results of observation, the relationship of various membranes in the cell was discussed.
Stage Cartesian self-calibration: a second method

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A physical two-dimensional Cartesian reference has been demonstrated using group theory principles pioneered by Michael Raugh. The first stage Cartesian self-calibration introduction to the microlithographic industry was developed by Stanford University, Hewlett Packard, and IBM San Jose using Leica's LMS-2000 and LMS-2020 platforms. Recently Leica developed a different method based on a similar theory to achieve a Cartesian calibration for their LMS-IPRO x-y metrology system. A review of these methods and a comparison of the results obtained between the methods are presented.
Comparative cost of RC structural floor systems

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The aim of this dissertation is to identify the selection of economical structural \nslab systems for various purposes. The relative cost of commonly used structural \nslab systems such as Precast hollow core slab, Post-tensioned flat slab, RC flat \nslab, RC waffle slab and conventional RC beams and slabs were selected for this \nstudy. Variations in quantities of materials with changes in sizes of column spans \nand superimposed loads were worked out using commercial and self-developed \nsoftwares in compliance with Building by-laws and based on similar design \nassumptions.
Sequential invasions by fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Pacific and Indian Ocean islands: A systematic review

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract The aim of our review was to examine the cases of Tephritidae invasions across island systems in order to determine whether they follow a hierarchical mode of invasion. We reviewed the literature on factors and mechanisms driving invasion sequences in Pacific and Southwest Indian Ocean islands and gathered every record of invasion by a polyphagous tephritid in island groups. From invasion date or period, we defined an invasion link when a new fruit fly established on an island where another polyphagous tephritid is already resident (that was indigenous or a previous invader). Across surveyed islands, we documented 67 invasion links, involving 24 tephritid species. All invasion links were directional, i.e., they involved a series of invasions by invaders that were closely related to a resident species but were increasingly more competitive. These sequential establishments of species are driven by interspecific competition between resident and exotic species but are also influenced by history, routes, and flows of commercial exchanges and the bridgehead effect. This information should be used to improve biosecurity measures. Interactions between trade flow, invasive routes, and the presence of invasive and resident species should be integrated into large‐scale studies.
Gödel y Wittgenstein: Algunas reflexiones sueltas de filosofía de las matemáticas

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this article is to examine some Wittgenstein's and\nGbdel's contributions to the philosophy of mathematics. The author\nholds GOedel doesn't criticize Wittgenstein because what the last\none asserts doesn't apply to GOedel's Theorem, whose result is,\nstrictly speaking, not mathematical but an application of them. On the\ncontrary, Wittgenstein explains Gbdel's work, perhaps by exclusion\nand in a better way than Gbdel's partisans. So, there is no refutation\nof Gbdel's Theorem; Wittgenstein just points towards a limit of human\nthought which would be superseded by new formalisms, new\ndevelopments in Wittgenstein's philosophy of mathematics, and better\naccounts of Gbdel's Theorem.
“I Gender Normed as Much as I Could”: Exploring Nonbinary People’s Identity Disclosure and Concealment Strategies in Reproductive Health Care Spaces

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Reproductive health care is characterized by pervasive cisnormativity and trans erasure. Trans people therefore must employ improvisational tactics to access and navigate these spaces, including deciding whether, when, and how to disclose their gender identities. Drawing on the experiences of four nonbinary people from British Columbia, Canada, this qualitative discourse analysis explores how identity disclosures created opportunities for ad hoc education of ill-prepared providers and how identity concealment may be used to mitigate the risks of being identifiable/identified as trans. This analysis demonstrates how identity disclosures alone are insufficient for ensuring that nonbinary people have affirming reproductive health care experiences.
[Relationship of the pKMR plasmids detected in Shigella circulating in the Krasnodar Territory to incompatibility groups].

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Shigella strains showed that in 43.9 per cent of the strains this feature was controlled by conjugative R plasmids. On the whole these were the plasmids allotting the bacterial cell with resistance simultaneously to SmTcCm (37.1 per cent) and SmTc (17.1 per cent). The plasmids with other phenotypes were less frequent: SmApCm, 11.4 per cent, TcApCm, 8.6 per cent; SmTcApCm, 8.6 per cent; Tc, 8.6 per cent; Sm, 2.9 per cent; Cm, 2.9 per cent and TcCm, 2.9 per cent. The incompatibility groups of 19 plasmids were determined: Inc I zeta, 28.6 per cent; Inc zeta I and Inc B, 14.2 per cent; Inc FII, 8.6 per cent and Inc I alpha, 2.9 per cent.
Flexible interface migration

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The goal of this work is to provide users immersed in a multi-platform environment with the possibility of interacting with an application while freely moving from one device to another. We describe the solution that we have developed for a service to support platform-aware runtime migration for Web applications. This allows users interacting with an application to change device and continue their interaction from the same point. The service performs the migration of the application taking into account its runtime state and adapting the application interface to the features of the target platforms. The service is optimized for applications developed through a modelbased, multiple-level approach. The intelligence of the adaptive interfaces resides in the migration server, which adapts data collected at runtime from their original format to the format best fitting the features of the target platform. We also indicate how it is possible to extend this result in order to support partial migration and synergistic access, by which a part of the user interface is kept on one device during runtime and the remaining part is moved to another with different characteristics.
Why Drug Testing in Elite Sport Does Not Work: Perceptual Deterrence Theory and the Role of Personal Moral Beliefs1

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Performance‐enhancing drug use by elite athletes is a modern sporting and social concern. We applied a long‐overdue theoretical framework, perceptual deterrence, to predicting the banned drug‐use decisions of 116 elite Australian footballers and soccer players. The strongest influence on athletes' hypothetical decisions to use drugs was their personal moral beliefs and health concerns, each of which also mediated the relationship between drug testing and athletes' decisions to use banned substances. Drug testing had little influence on athletes' imagined drug use decisions, although there are athletes for whom legal sanctions are necessary. The results have important implications for the way in which authorities fund and frame future anti‐drug initiatives; particularly the relationship between drug testing and athletes' personal moral beliefs.