jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
[The behavior of the human hypophyseal tumor in vitro. An analysis of tumor biology in 51 consecutive operated cases].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The in vitro behaviour of 51 consecutively operated cases was analyzed. Clinically, 18 tumours secreted GH, 15 had a concomitant secretion of GH and PRL, 10 secreted PRL, 3 secreted ACTH and 5 were clinically regarded as non-secreting. When using the organ culture technique with tissue in organotypic differentiation, hormone secretion (GH, PRL and ACTH) occurred during the whole 6 week period. Hormone secretion was correlated to weight in 74 specimens. A secretion rate of between 5000 and 55 000 pmol/mg wet weight/24 h of GH and 2500-7800 micrograms/mg wet weight/24 h of PRL occurred. Pituitary tumours clinically regarded as non-secreting showed a low secretion of GH (6-100 pmol/24 h/culture dish) and PRL (6,3-40 micrograms/24 h/culture dish). However, the hormone secretion rate in explants from these tumours rapidly decreased with time in vitro. No spontaneous degeneration of GH or PRL occurred during 2 h in vitro when the explant had been removed. In vivo irradiated tumours revealed a low secretion rate of GH, PRL and ACTH, respectively, when explanted to organ culture.
Selenium speciation by high‐performance liquid chromatography with on‐line detection by atomic absorption spectrometry

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Several approaches to the determination of selenomethionine, selenocystine, selenite and selenate by high‐performance liquid chromatography with online detection by atomic absorption spectrometry are described. The N −2,4‐dinitrophenyl derivatives of selenomethionine, selenoethionine, selenocystine and phenylmercury(II) cystineselenoate were recovered from aqueous solution, separated on a Nucleosil 5‐NO 2 reversed‐phase HPLC column with a methanolic mobile phase containing acetic acid and triethylamine, and detected with a quartz thermochemical hydride‐generating interface–atomic absorption spectrometry (AA) system. The restriction of having to perform chromatography with an organic mobile phase (to support the combusion process) was overcome with a new interface design capable of operation with either organic or aqueous HPLC mobile phases. Using aqueous acetic acid (0.015% v/v) containing 0.1% (w/v) ammonium acetate delivered at 0.5cm 3 min −1 , selenate, selenite, selenomethionine, selenocystine and selenoethionine were separated virtually to baseline on a cyanopropyl‐bonded phase HPLC column. Other selenium compounds which were investigated included methane seleninic and methane selenonic acids as well as the crude oxidation product mixtures resulting from the treatment of selenomethionine and selenocystine with hydrogen peroxide. A procedure for extracting selenate, selenite, selenomethionine, selenocystine and selenoethionine from spiked water or ground feed supplement into liquefied phenol resulted in acceptable recoveries for the latter four analytes but was unacceptably low for selenate.
Arcanobacterium canis strain DSM 25104 isolated from an English bulldog suffering from otitis externa: complete genome sequence

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Many species of the genus Arcanobacterium are known as opportunistic pathogens and have been isolated in association with infectious diseases in humans and animals. Here, we present the complete genome sequence of another opportunistic pathogenic representative, namely Arcanobacterium canis , isolated from the otitis externa of an English bulldog.
Segregation of Aroma Character in F2 Hybrid Rice Grain

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This article 'Segregation of Aroma Character in F2 Hybrid Rice Grain' appeared in the International Rice Research Newsletter series, created by the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI). The primary objective of this publication was to expedite communication among scientists concerned with the development of improved technology for rice and for rice based cropping systems. This publication will report what scientists are doing to increase the production of rice in as much as this crop feeds the most densely populated and land scarce nations in the world.
Governance of Online Communities

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

‘온라인 커뮤니티’는 구성원들 간의 상호작용을 통해 실현･촉진될 수 있는 공동의 목적을 추구하기 위해 자발적으로 회원으로 가입한 다수인의 네트워크 내지 집단으로서, 동 상호작용이 주로 특정 온라인 인터페이스를 통해 이루어지며 회원들의 자기표상과 활동이 상호 인간관계나 애착을 형성할 만큼의 지속성을 갖는 것을 두루 일컫는다. 현실적으로 그 중 대다수가 소위 ‘운영자’에게 거버넌스에 대한 권한이 집중되어 있는 모습을 보이고 있는데, 거기에는 여러 기술적, 정치역학적, 현실적 이유들과 함께 주로 약관의 성격을 갖는 ‘규약’을 토대로 한 계약법적 기초도 존재한다. 이러한 권한집중과 그 자의적 행사는 종종 운영자와 회원들 사이에 갈등과 분쟁을 촉발하곤 한다. 본고에서는 온라인 커뮤니티가 사단의 성격을 강하게 띨 수 있다는 점, 일응의 외견과는 달리 회원들은 운영자가 제공하는 인프라와 서비스의 일방적 수혜자가 아니라 경제적으로 가치있는 자산들의 기여자이자 등가적 계약의 당사자라는 점, 온라인 커뮤니티는 인격권이라는 헌법적 가치가 구현･보호되어야 할 중요한 생활공간이라는 점에 주목하여, ‘규약’의 형식적 구속력을 극복하여 전제적･자의적 거버넌스와 그 폐해를 규범적으로 통제할 필요성을 주장하고, 진정한 사적자치, 공평과 신의칙, 인격적 존엄의 구현을 지향하는 우리의 법질서가 과연 그러한 개입을 요구 및 지지하고 있는지, 그렇다면 그 통제의 방향과 한계는 무엇일지 문제를 민법(民法)의 측면에서 논의해 보았다.‘Online community’ usually refers to a group or network of people in continuous interactions and communications (for a period of time prolonged enough to form personal ties or emotional attachment) who have voluntarily joined the group by way of a specific online site or interface in order to pursue certain defined and shared objectives that can be facilitated through such group interactions. As a matter of fact, many online communities witness its governance-related power and authority being highly concentrated unto the ‘operator’ and, obviously, there are many technical and practical reasons for the phenomenon as well as ostensible legal grounds which revolve around the ‘End User License Agreement (or EULA)’ or equivalents thereto. It is no surprise that the god-like power vested exclusively in the operator is often abused and that conflicts or even legal disputes break out as a result. This article attempts to highlight (i) that online communities share many characteristics with an unincorporated association, (ii) that the members are not merely beneficiaries of the ex gratia services from the operator but rather contributors of resources of economic value and (iii) that constitutional protection of individuals’ dignity, reputation, privacy, etc. should extend to the online spaces. Based thereon, the author argues that the unfettered power of operators must be put under legal scrutiny despite the fine print of the EULA. To back the argument, this article focuses on certain specific institutions and rules of our Civil Law that not only calls for but also lend support to the idea in favor of normative intervention by law to the governance of the ‘Magic Circles.’
Demokrati som transgression

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The same kind of inclusive understanding is developed in the article Demokrati som transgression by Martin Bak Jørgensen & Óscar García Agustín who argue from Jacques Ranciere's position that democracy is only achievable when those who are usually excluded are included. Focussing specifically on Denmark's immigration policies and how these are challenged by transgressive groups which attempt to resist neo-liberal discursive closure of the public sphere.
Inhibitory effect of A 23187 on protein synthesis in isolated murine hepatocytes.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The effect of the Ca ionophore A 23187 on amino acid incorporation into protein, on gluconeogenesis and on synthesis of some eicosanoids was investigated in isolated mouse hepatocytes (i) in the presence of 2.5 mM Ca2+, (ii) in the absence of Ca2+ and in the presence of 0.2 mM EGTA, (iii) after calcium depletion. A 23187 inhibited amino acid incorporation into protein both in the presence and in the absence of Ca2+ in a concentration dependent manner, whereas in the absence of Ca2+ the known stimulating effects of A 23187 on eicosanoid synthesis could not be detected. In hepatocytes prepared from 24 h starved mice A 23187 increased the rate of gluconeogenesis and similarly to eicosanoid synthesis this stimulation in the absence of Ca2+ could not be observed. On the other hand, after calcium depletion the inhibition of protein synthesis by A 23187 was markedly moderated. It is concluded that the effect of A 23187 on protein synthesis is also related to its ionophoretic effect but calcium sensitivity in this effect is smaller than in gluconeogenesis or eicosanoid synthesis.
Upgrading of bitumen and heavy oils by the CANMET hydrocracking process runs 79-cg-84 to 90 Cold Lake vacuum residuum long term operation part ii - results and analysis

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

An attempt was made to study for a long term operability and coke deposition 60-day long experiment using Cold Lake Vacuum Residuum. The experiment was stopped due to irreversible changes in the reactor bed after 38 days of operation. Operation up to the incident that initiated the shutdown was smooth, with no clear trend to indicate any problems. A conceptual model was developed that included the accumulation of the solids in the reactor and the accumulation of metals and coke precursors on coal or coal ash particles. The accumulation of material over an extended period led to the reactor material being at a critical state with respect to agglomeration and catalysis characteristics. Solids analyses over the experimental period and a reactor inventory at shutdown are discussed to elucidate the nature of the reaction bed.
Multiscale Model of Cerebral Blood Flow Control: Application to Small Vessel Disease and Cortical Spreading Depression

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

An in-time delivery of oxygen-rich blood into areas of high metabolic demand is pivotal in proper functioning of the brain and neuronal health. This highly precise communication between neuronal activity and cerebral blood flow (CBF) is termed as neurovascular coupling (NVC) or functional hyperemia. NVC is disrupted in major pathological conditions including Alzheimer’s disease, dementia, small vessel pathologies (SVD) and cortical spreading depression. Despite the utmost importance of NVC, its underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. This dissertation presents a multiscale mathematical modeling framework for studying unresolved mechanisms of NVC with major focus on K+ ions as a mediator of this process. To this end, models of single-cell electrophysiology are developed for endothelial (EC) and smooth muscle (SMC) cells of capillaries and parenchymal arterioles (PAs). Cells are electrically coupled, and large-scale geometrically-accurate models of microvascular networks are constructed.\nModel simulations predict an important role of capillary inward rectifying potassium channels (Kir) to sense neuronally-induced changes in extracellular potassium concentrations ([K+]o) and conduct hyperpolarizing signals over long distances to upstream PAs. Simulation results demonstrate a “tug-of-war” dynamic between Kir and voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channels in determining the Vm and myogenic tone of PA SMCs during NVC in SVD. Results also predict a key role of Kir channels in the experimentally observed multiphasic vascular response during high elevations of [K+]o in cortical spreading depression.\nThe multiscale models presented in this study were able to accurately capture several experimentally observed responses during NVC and provided insights into their potential underlying mechanisms in health and disease. These models provide a theoretical platform where macroscale, tissue-level responses can be related to microscale, single-cell signaling pathways.
Olfactory stimulation for people with dementia: A rapid review

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

There is a growing interest in using olfactory (smell) stimulation in dementia care. This study aims to extend current knowledge by synthesising the evidence on the efficacy of interventions using olfactory stimulation for people with dementia and to assess the effects of different types of odours and administration methods using a mixed methods approach. The rapid review was conducted based on searches in six electronic databases. A narrative approach was applied to assess 20 studies included in the review. Fourteen studies used a quasi-experimental design, five studies used an experimental design and one was a case study. High heterogeneity was found on odours and methods of application used, with the majority of studies administering lavender oil using a diffuser. Mixed results were reported on the benefits of olfactory stimulation on responsive behaviours and cognitive function. Although the evidence available is limited, encouraging results were found regarding olfactory stimulation and increased sleep duration, food intake and improved balance. It was not possible to draw any overall conclusion in relation to the effect of olfactory stimulation. However, this review shows promising results that support further investigation of olfactory stimulation as a nonpharmacological intervention for people with dementia. The review is limited due to the low to moderate quality of studies included. Furthermore, the broad range of approaches was employed, and comparison between the studies was difficult. Further high-quality mixed method studies using robust and detailed protocols are needed to clarify the effects of olfactory stimuli and any other factors that may influence the responses of people with dementia.
Effective parametric optimization for packaging design using Bayesian optimization

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

As different structure, materials and components are widely applied in electronic packaging, complicated responses of these heterogenous but integrated parts subjecting to thermo-mechanical loading during manufacturing and usage are becoming a crucial issue to reliability of packaging. Therefore, how to find optimal engineering design of packaging receives growing attention. For the past, Design of Experiment (DoE) combined with statistical analysis is generally adopted. However, the increasing complexity of electronic packaging dramatically enlarges the amount of design parameters, making these traditional methods hard to maintain its efficiency. In current study, we implement Bayesian optimization with Gaussian process (BO-GP) as a framework to search the optimal combination of design parameters to reduce the warpage of a testing packaging vehicle. Upper confidence bound (UCB) method is adopted to define how this framework search in the design space. By employing simulated annealing algorithm, the BO-GP framework in this study can balance the exploration and exploitation within the space and present good convergence towards optimal design parameters.
AlphaGo and Monte Carlo tree search: The simulation optimization perspective

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In March of 2016, Google DeepMind's AlphaGo, a computer Go-playing program, defeated the reigning human world champion Go player, 4-1, a feat far more impressive than previous victories by computer programs in chess (IBM's Deep Blue) and Jeopardy (IBM's Watson). The main engine behind the program combines machine learning approaches with a technique called Monte Carlo tree search. Current versions of Monte Carlo tree search used in Go-playing algorithms are based on a version developed for games that traces its roots back to the adaptive multi-stage sampling simulation optimization algorithm for estimating value functions in finite-horizon Markov decision processes (MDPs) introduced by Chang et al. (2005), which was the first use of Upper Confidence Bounds (UCBs) for Monte Carlo simulation-based solution of MDPs. We review the main ideas in UCB-based Monte Carlo tree search by connecting it to simulation optimization through the use of two simple examples: decision trees and tic-tac-toe.
Supplementary Figures from Carfilzomib Weekly plus Melphalan and Prednisone in Newly Diagnosed Transplant-Ineligible Multiple Myeloma (IFM 2012-03): A Phase I Trial

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<p>Supplementary Figure 1. Complementary survival curves for the whole cohort (n=30). (A) Event Free Survival (EFR); (B) Time to new treatment (TTNT); (C) Duration of response (DOR). Supplementary Figure 2. Progression Free Survival and Overall Survival according to cytogenetic risk (n=30). (A) PFS according to cytogenetic risk; (B) OS according to cytogenetic risk.</p>
The Effect of Valsartan and Lotensin on the Urine α 1-MG and β 2-MG in Patients with Diabetic Nephrosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

目的 观察缬沙坦和洛汀新对糖尿病肾病患者尿α1-MG及β2-MG的影响,探讨不同药物应用对早期糖尿病肾病的保护作用.方法46例2型糖尿病肾病患者,随机分为两组,缬沙坦组(23例)和洛汀新组(23例),分别给予缬沙坦和洛汀新治疗.于服药前及后4周、8周、1 2周测定患者尿α1-MG及β2-MG.结果缬沙坦和洛汀新均能明显降低2型糖尿病患者尿α1-MG、β2-MG的排出,但缬沙坦的降低作用更显著(P＜0.01).结论缬沙坦和洛汀新均能够阻止或延缓早期糖尿病肾病的发展,适用于糖尿病肾病患者,但缬沙坦的效果更佳。
Destruction as Deviant Leisure in EVE Online

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In this article, I argue for the inclusion of ‘deviant leisure’—a concept borrowed from the neighboring field of Leisure Studies—to provide Game Studies with a more robust theoretical toolkit to examine negative player-to-player interactions within online gameworlds. As a means of adding additional vocabulary to describe norms violating behavior, this article uses the Massively Multiplayer Online Game EVE Online as a case study to demonstrate how deviant leisure can be an effective framework for unpacking some of the behaviors observed within gameworlds that don’t quite fit into other commonly used categories such as dark play, griefing, trolling, or toxicity. Of particular value for Game Studies, deviant leisure has within it an embedded critique of the social order. In this article, I argue that what is happening in EVE is a rejection of games being coopted by society into becoming an activity that must be productive, and instead via the lens of deviant leisure we can recast these events as a struggle for gameplay to return to leisure for leisure’s sake.
A critical analysis of mediated discourse on women athletes in the WNBA

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Today, women participate in sports that had been previously reserved for men. In the past decade the popularity of women's sports and media discourse on those competitions have increased greatly. Sport is traditionally considered a masculine activity and domain in American culture. When women enter the male domain of sport, tensions rise. Women (feminine) and sports (masculine) clash. This can be seen in media discourse on women's sports. American media reflect and reinforce the sport-as-male ideology by covering male sports events much more than women's events. The growth and popularity in women's sports in recent years has created a need for new representations of “athlete.” American media struggle to create a comprehensive representation of “woman athlete.” The problem is that they have only masculine/feminine symbols from which to draw. The changing face of athletics and media presentations of same create a need for cultural scholars to consider exactly how “woman athlete” is being symbolically constructed in media discourse. My dissertation is an inquiry into how American media symbolically construct “woman athlete” in their discourse on women's sports. I focus on broadcasts of three games of the Women's National Basketball Association. I combine Social Construction Theory, Symbolic Action Theory, and Feminist Theory to examine the various symbolic constructions in mediated discourse of the WNBA. Through cluster criticism and semiotic analysis I found that “woman athlete” is constructed using a mix of common feminine and masculine symbols. Throughout the discourse I found tensions amongst those mixed constructions. “Woman athlete” is presented as sexually different through social constructions that place her in traditional female roles and behaviors. The athletes themselves participate in the constructions through their actions as athletes, their use of feminine symbols. In all, I found many tensions and struggles for meaning, but also interesting blends of symbols that point towards more complete meanings of “woman athlete.”
Convergence in a neutral delay differential equation

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

By using some facts from limiting equations theory we prove that the solution x(.;ϕ), with continuous initial condition ϕ, of the neutral functional differential equation [x(t)-cx(t-r)]' =-F(x(t))+F(x(t-r)), t>0, where c ε [0,1), r≧0 and F is (not necessarily strictly) increasing. satisfies lim x(t;ϕ) = &, where & is the unique root of the algebraic equation [math001]
Negative Effects of Alcohol Intake and Estrogen Deficiency Combination on Osseointegration in a Rat Model

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Alcohol intake and estrogen deficiency can both affect bone physiology and have shown to have an adverse effect on dental implant therapy. However, the combination of both factors on osseointegration is unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate osseointegration in rats fed with alcohol and presenting induced estrogen deficiency. Ninety-six female rats were divided according to diet and hormonal condition into 6 groups as follows: group Sh-W: sham (simulated ovariectomy) control, food and water ad libitum; group Sh-Et: sham, food and 20% ethanol solution ad libitum; group Sh-Su: sham, food and sucrose solution controlled to ensure an isocaloric diet in relation to Sh-Et; group Ov-W: ovariectomy, food and water ad libitum; group Ov-Et: ovariectomy, food and 20% ethanol solution ad libitum; and group Ov-Su: ovariectomy, food and sucrose solution controlled to ensure an isocaloric diet as Ov-Et. The groups were subdivided according to time of euthanasia: 30 and 45 days after placement of implants. Implant surgery was performed 1 month after ovariectomy or sham. After euthanasia, the femurs were removed and evaluated by histomorphometry. Groups Ov-Et and Ov-Su showed the lowest percentage of bone-to-implant contact. The combination of alcohol intake and estrogen deficiency, and the combination of estrogen deficiency and reduced ingestion of food can negatively affect osseointegration in rats.
Closed curves in R^3: a characterization in terms of curvature and torsion, the Hasimoto map and periodic solutions of the Filament Equation

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

If a curve in R^3 is closed, then the curvature and the torsion are periodic functions satisfying some additional constraints. We show that these constraints can be naturally formulated in terms of the spectral problem for a 2x2 matrix differential operator. This operator arose in the theory of the self-focusing Nonlinear Schrodinger Equation. A simple spectral characterization of Bloch varieties generating periodic solutions of the Filament Equation is obtained. We show that the method of isoperiodic deformations suggested earlier by the authors for constructing periodic solutions of soliton equations can be naturally applied to the Filament Equation.
Embedded Services

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This chapter explores the model of embedded librarian and writing center services that the authors have been piloting as part of a proposed online master's program in Educational Technology. The authors reviewed the literature related to services embedded in online programs and describe the planning and execution of their pilot. The chapter outlines the various forms an embedded model can take, the resources necessary to support embedded services, and the need to maintain faculty autonomy over the course. Finally, the authors provide a preliminary list of best practices for faculty and support service staff interested in embedding services into an online course.