jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Protein kinase C activation antagonizes melatonin-induced pigment aggregation in Xenopus laevis melanophores.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The pineal hormone, melatonin (5-methoxy N-acetyltryptamine) induces a rapid aggregation of melanin-containing pigment granules in isolated melanophores of Xenopus laevis. Treatment of melanophores with activators of protein kinase C (PKC), including phorbol esters, mezerein and a synthetic diacylglycerol, did not affect pigment granule distribution but did prevent and reverse melatonin-induced pigment aggregation. This effect was blocked by an inhibitor of PKC, Ro 31-8220. The inhibitory effect was not a direct effect on melatonin receptors, per se, as the slow aggregation induced by a high concentration of an inhibitor of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA), adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphothioate, Rp-diastereomer (Rp-cAMPS), was also reversed by PKC activation. Presumably activation of PKC, like PKA activation, stimulates the intracellular machinery involved in the centrifugal translocation of pigment granules along microtubules. alpha-Melanocyte stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH), like PKC activators, overcame melatonin-induced aggregation but this response was not blocked by the PKC inhibitor, Ro 31-8220. This data indicates that centrifugal translocation (dispersion) of pigment granules in Xenopus melanophores can be triggered by activation of either PKA, as occurs after alpha-MSH treatment, or PKC. The very slow aggregation in response to inhibition of PKA with high concentrations of Rp-cAMPS, suggests that the rapid aggregation in response to melatonin may involve multiple intracellular signals in addition to the documented Gi-mediated inhibition of adenylate cyclase.
International Coordination Committee

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Journal Article International Coordination Committee Get access Roger Wood Roger Wood Chairman Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, 65 Romney St, London SW1P 3RD, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Volume 74, Issue 1, 1 January 1991, Page 209, https://doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/74.1.209 Published: 14 January 2020
Cell-specific regulation of immediate early gene BZLF1 in Epstein-Barr Virus under mTOR inhibition

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) is a nearly ubiquitous human herpesvirus which infects epithelial cells and B-lymphocytes. Additionally, long-term EBV latency has been associated with various forms of cancers including Burkitt’s lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and gastric carcinoma. Rapamycin, an mTORC1 inhibitor, has been demonstrated to suppress expression of the immediate-early gene BZLF1 and subsequent lytic replication in B-lymphocytes. Paradoxically, mTOR inhibition has also been reported to increase BZLF1 levels and lytic replication in epithelial cells. In order to identify possible mechanisms for this cell-specific response, a luciferase reporter assay using the BZLF1 promoter was performed in AGS-BX1 epithelial cells under mTOR inhibition. It was found that the removal of terminal YY1-binding domains resulted in the loss of rapamycin-sensitivity of BZLF1 transcription in AGS-BX1 cells. Furthermore, while YY1 was observed to localize to the nucleus of rapamycin-treated Raji B-lymphocytes, little change was observed in YY1 localization in AGS-BX1 cells. These results, in conjunction with those of the luciferase assay, suggest YY1 may play an activating role of BZLF1 transcription in epithelial cells under mTOR inhibition while repressing viral transcription in B-lymphocytes. To test this hypothesis, both AGS-BX1 cells and Raji cells were subject to YY1 knockdown using RNAi transfection and compared using Western Blotting. BZLF1 protein levels under mTOR inhibition in YY1-knockdown AGS-BX1 cells were decreased, while significantly increased in the B-lymphocytes under the same inhibition. These results suggest that YY1, as regulated by the mTOR pathway, may play an important role in the activation of the lytic cycle of EBV in epithelial cells, while simultaneously acting as a repressor to lytic replication in B-lymphocytes.
Designing and positioning food services for multicultural markets

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

A study that compares the food-service preferences of individuals from three different language groups (English, Japanese, and Spanish) found several common threads. Using probabilistic discrete-choice analysis (DCA), researchers examined the desired food-service attributes of passengers waiting at the international terminal at O'Hare airport. The DCA process proposed different hypothetical changes for the four restaurants operating in the terminal's food court. Respondents chose the feature combinations that they wanted the most. In general, the waiting passengers responded favorably to expansions in the menus, particularly the addition of menu items with which they were familiar (for example, deli selections and Mexican dishes). All three groups of respondents were relatively price insensitive for the four different restaurants and often were willing to wait either to order or to be served, depending on the food-service concept (e.g., waiting for pizza made sense to them, but waiting for burgers did not). Many respondents liked the idea of pictures of the food on menus to help identify unfamiliar items, but virtually no one wanted menus translated into their native languages. Based on the study, one food-service outlet adopted a new marketing strategy that not only increased its market share but attracted more patrons to the food court.
Comparison of the carcinogenic effects of five nitrosamines in guinea pigs.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Five nitrosamines which were potent carcinogens in rats or hamsters were administered by gavage in olive oil solution twice a week to 20 male strain 2 guinea pigs. Nitroso-2,6-dimethylmorpholine given at 80 mg/kg/week for 12 weeks or at 32 mg/kg/week for 35 weeks gave rise to hemangioendothelial sarcomas of the liver in 6 and 19 animals, respectively. The same tumors were induced in 18 animals by dinitroso-2,6,dimethylpiperazine, together with hepatocellular carcinomas in six animals. Nitrosomethyldodecylamine also induced mainly hemangioendothelial sarcomas of the liver (12 animals). A few bile duct carcinomas were also observed. Neither nitrosoheptamethyleneimine nor nitrosomethyldiethylurea seemed to induce tumors in guinea pigs under our conditions.
A Commentary on L. V. Morrison, “On the Analysis of Megalithic Lunar Sightlines in Scotland”, Archaeoastronomy, Supplement of the Journal for the History of Astronomy, 1980, 2: 65–77

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

A Commentary on L. V. Morrison, "On the Analysis of Megalithic Lunar Sightlines in Scotland", Archaeoastronomy, Supplement of the Journal for the History of Astronomy, 1980, 2: 65-77
NEW CARDIOMYOPATHY

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We describe a subset of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) as defined by the CDC, a duration of overwhelming fatigue for <2 years, and oscillating repetitively abnormal aberrant T-waves at 24-hour electrocardiogram (ECG) recordings (Holter monitors). Baseline 12-lead ECG, 2-D echocardiogram, rest/stress myocardial perfusion (thallium 201 or TC-99 sestamibi) and rest/stress multiple-gaited acquisition studies, as well as coronary angiography excluded coronary artery disease. Patients in this CFS subset had significant Ig (with or without positive IgM) human cytomegalovirus enzyme-linked immunoassay antibody titers. They had little or no evidence of concurrent Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) multiplication, corroborated by negative viral capsid antigen IgM antibody titer and an EBV total early antigen antibody titer of ≤40. Patients were given intravenous ganciclovir (5 mg/kg q1 2h for 30 days). Before this treatment, none of 18 patients could work or manage a household. At evaluations, 24 weeks after ganciclovir, 13 patients (72%) returned to their premorbid healthy states (P <.05). There were no adverse effects from ganciclovir in these nonimmunosuppressed patients.
A new study of the genesis and formation of a federal state. Review of the monograph I.N. Ivshyna «Creation of a federal state»

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The authors of the summary set out the main provisions of the monograph I.N. Ivshyna «Creation of a federal state». The authors point out the relevance of the research topic, the author’s approach, originality, scientific novelty of the main provisions of the monograph. Of particular interest is the work of factual material. The author argues with I.N. Ivshyna on the reasons for the forma- tion of federal states.
Can a simple customer review outperform a feature set for predicting churn?

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Churn prediction traditionally employs customer profile and transaction data, leaving textual features like customer comments unexploited. This work compares machine learning models for churn prediction that use conventional data with those using reviews posted by customers about their purchases. Our experiments with the most used models for churn prediction in the literature reveal that using conventional data the models perform the best with RFM segmentation, achieving up to 93% F1-Score. It drops to less than 75% without RFM segmentation. In contrast, by using BERT embeddings of review texts, an F1-Score of 96% is achieved.
Infected hydronephrosis: can we reduce patient suffering and costs?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In order to avoid patient suffering and to reduce costs linked to the treatment of infected hydronephrosis, the patient-general practitioner-specialist collaboration is of the utmost importance. Symptoms, signs, paraclinical features and empirical use of antibiotics may all lead to a delay in proper management, thus making the hospitalisation longer and the costs significantly higher.
Special Forum on Recent Interpretations of Keynes and the General Theory: The Post-Keynesian Economics Study Group – After 20 Years

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

First paragraph The Post-Keynesian Economics Study Group (or PKSG, as it is usually abbreviated) was founded in 1988 by Philip Arestis and Victoria Chick with financial support from the UK Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC). The purpose of the Study Group is to encourage collaboration among scholars and students of Post-Keynesian economics, defined by the founders broadly »as a theoretical approach that drew upon the work of Keynes, Kalecki, Joan Robinson, Kaldor and Sraffa, and distinguished itself by its insistence that history, social structure and institutional practice be embodied in its theory and reflected in its policy recommendations« (Lee 2007a). The central feature of this approach has been further articulated by Arestis (1996) as the principle of effective demand, which can be approached from the perspectives of various intellectual traditions, including those of Keynes himself (closest to Marshall and the modern Neo-Classicals) and of Kalecki (drawing on Marx), informed by an emphasis on institutions deriving ultimately from Veblen. These traditions cover the contributions of Robinson and Kaldor, and Sraffa’s critique of Neo-Classical economics, although the positive Neo-Ricardian programme is best regarded as a separate school of thought (Arestis et al. 1999).
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy of locally advanced breast cancer: historical comparison of 4 sequential combinations

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Between 1977 and 1994, our center administered successively 4 different chemotherapy regimens to 242 evaluable patients with locally advanced breast cancer. Patients with inflammatory signs were excluded. Sixty-eight patients were treated by AVCF (A (adriamycine) + V (vincristine) + C (cytoxan) + F (5FU)), 47 by AECF (A + E (vindesine) + C + F), 81 by CAFP (C + A + F + P (prednisone)) and 46 by AN (A + N (vinorelbine)). The mean number of cycle was 3. One hundred and twenty-five patients (52.5%) responded to chemotherapy and we recorded 35 complete response (14.7%). The response rates at the different combinations were respectively: AVCF: 29.4%, AECF: 53.2%, CAFP: 64.9%, AN: 65.2%, and were independent of tumor size, grade and receptor status. The response rate at the AVCF regimen was significantly worse than the others (p = 0.0005). Breast conserving surgery was performed in 31 patients (14%) and 17 patients (8%) had a complete response. Among the 35 patients with complete response, 21 were treated by radiotherapy alone. Local recurrence occurred in 19 patients (7.9%) and 96 (40%) had advanced disease. The mean follow-up of AVCF regimen was 150 months, 115 months for AECF, 111 for CAFP and 42 months for AN. The disease-free survival and the overall survival were significantly better with AECF, CAFP and AN regimens (DFS p
Development of Learn to Think (LTT) Model Based on Integrated Twin Tower (ITT) to Increase Scientific and Spiritual Creativity of students in the Early Childhood Islamic Education

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The learning model is one way that can increase student creativity. The study aimed to describe and explain the validity of the Integrated Twin Tower (ITT) based Learn To Talk (LTT) learning model. The research method uses Educational Design Research (EDR) to develop a new product. The ITT-based LTT model was developed in order to increase students' creativity. In addition, as follow-up research from the recommendations of previous researchers. The development of this model will be used as teaching material in the classroom. Blended Web Mobile Learning (BWML) is based on the development of ITT-based LTT learning by following John Deway's line of thought. The results of the content validity of the learning model product, which include needs, novelty, theory, planning, and implementation, get an average value of 3.80; 4.00; 4.00; 4.00; and 3.50 with a very valid category. The results of construct validity, the results were obtained with valid categories for all of them. In that way, the ITT-based LTT learning model can be alternative learning to improve students' scientific creative thinking skills.
K.M. Varma: Nāṭya, nṛtta and nṛtya: their meaning and relation. xiii, 86 pp. Calcutta, etc.: Orient Longmans, 1957. RS.3.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
Leishmania donovani populations in Eastern Sudan

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Background Visceral leishmaniasis (VL), caused by the members of the Leishmania donovani complex, has been responsible for devastating VL epidemics in the Sudan. Multilocus microsatellite and sequence typing studies can provide valuable insights into the molecular epidemiology of leishmaniasis, when applied at local scales. Here we present population genetic data for a large panel of strains and clones collected in endemic Sudan between 1993 and 2001. Methods Genetic diversity was evaluated at fourteen microsatellite markers and eleven nuclear sequence loci across 124 strains and clones. Results Microsatellite data defined six genetic subpopulations with which the nuclear sequence data were broadly congruent. Pairwise estimates of FST (microsatellite) and KST (sequence) indicated small but significant shifts among the allelic repertoires of circulating strains year on year. Furthermore, we noted the co-occurrence of human and canine L. donovani strains in three of the six clusters defined. Finally, we identified widespread deficit in heterozygosity in all four years tested but strong deviation from inter-locus linkage equilibrium in two years. Conclusions Significant genetic diversity is present among L. donovani in Sudan, and minor population structuring between years is characteristic of entrenched, endemic disease transmission. Seasonality in vector abundance and transmission may, to an extent, explain the shallow temporal clines in allelic frequency that we observed. Genetically similar canine and human strains highlight the role of dogs as important local reservoirs of visceral leishmaniasis.
Tonsillar Biopsy as Diagnostic Choice in Variant Creutzfeldt‐Jakob Disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives: We attempt to publish the first U.S. report of proceeding with biopsy of tonsillar tissue to diagnose vCJD and review the literature. Methods: We review an interesting case of a patient who underwent tonsillectomy to potentially diagnose a variant of Creutzfeldt‐Jakob disease (vCJD) in November of 2012. Variant Creutzfeldt‐Jakob disease (vCJD) has impacted the British medical community for some time now. In the appropriate clinical context, a tonsil biopsy sample that is positive for PrPSc, variant CJD could be diagnosed, which obviates the need for a brain biopsy sample to be taken. Results: From other studies conducted in the British literature, tonsillar biopsy has been advocated for the diagnosis of a variant of Creutzfeldt‐Jakob disease preventing unnecessary morbidity from brain biopsy. The patient we reviewed was a young male who presented to the Emergency Room with a weeklong history of worsening headache. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain revealed signs consistent with encephalitis while electroencephalogram ruled out seizure activity and spinal fluid specimen was negative for meningitis. Infectious disease was consulted and recommended tonsillar biopsy to rule out variant Creutzfeldt‐Jakob disease. We review the literature on the utility of tonsillar biopsy for diagnosis of Creutzfeldt‐Jakob disease and report the first published report of this diagnostic modality in the United States. Conclusions: Tonsillar biopsy can safely be used in the diagnosis of variant Creutzfeldt‐Jakob disease obviating the need for more invasive procedures and at this time while disposal of instrumentation used for the tonsillectomy is the current recommended practice.
Impact of COVID‐19 pandemic on STEMI care: An expanded analysis from the United States

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Objective To evaluate the impact of COVID‐19 pandemic migitation measures on of ST‐elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) care. Background We previously reported a 38% decline in cardiac catheterization activations during the early phase of the COVID‐19 pandemic mitigation measures. This study extends our early observations using a larger sample of STEMI programs representative of different US regions with the inclusion of more contemporary data. Methods Data from 18 hospitals or healthcare systems in the US from January 2019 to April 2020 were collecting including number activations for STEMI, the number of activations leading to angiography and primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI), and average door to balloon (D2B) times. Two periods, January 2019–February 2020 and March–April 2020, were defined to represent periods before (BC) and after (AC) initiation of pandemic mitigation measures, respectively. A generalized estimating equations approach was used to estimate the change in response variables at AC from BC. Results Compared to BC, the AC period was characterized by a marked reduction in the number of activations for STEMI (29%, 95% CI:18–38, p < .001), number of activations leading to angiography (34%, 95% CI: 12–50, p = .005) and number of activations leading to PPCI (20%, 95% CI: 11–27, p < .001). A decline in STEMI activations drove the reductions in angiography and PPCI volumes. Relative to BC, the D2B times in the AC period increased on average by 20%, 95%CI (−0.2 to 44, p = .05). Conclusions The COVID‐19 Pandemic has adversely affected many aspects of STEMI care, including timely access to the cardiac catheterization laboratory for PPCI.
An experimental study on stiffness of vocal fold.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A simple and objective method was developed of evaluating the mechanical property of the vocal fold in relating to stiffness by analyzing stress-strain curves. Stiffness of the true and false vocal fold was examined in human and canine excised larynges under various conditions.1) Stiffness of the membranous portion of the vocal fold was least at the middle and greater around the anterior commissure and vocal process. Stiffness of the false vocal fold was much less than that of the true vocal fold.2) As vocal fold tension increased, stiffness of the vocal fold increased.3) Stiffness of the vocal fold was decreased and hysteresis was increased when the thyroarytenoid (vocalis) muscle contracted.
Angiogenesis of the heart

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Despite continued advances in the prevention and treatment of coronary artery disease, there are still a large number of patients who are not candidates for the conventional revascularization techniques of balloon angioplasty and stenting, or coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Therapeutic angiogenesis, in the form of the administration of growth factor protein or gene therapy, has emerged as a promising new method of treatment for patients with coronary artery disease. The goal of this strategy is to promote the development of supplemental blood conduits that will act as endogenous bypass vessels. New vessel formation occurs through the processes of angiogenesis, vasculogenesis, and arteriogenesis, under the control of growth factors such as those that belong to the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and angiopoeitin (Ang) families of molecules. Preclinical studies have suggested that such an approach is both feasible and effective; however many questions remain to be answered. This review will address the elements of pharmacologic revascularization, focusing on gene and protein‐based therapy. The important growth factors, the vector (for gene therapy), routes of delivery, the desired therapeutic effect, and quantifiable clinical end points for trials of angiogenesis will all be addressed. Microsc. Res. Tech. 60:138–158, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Seismological aspects of the Cairo earthquake, 12th October 1992

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

On 12 October 1992 a significant earthquake (MB = 5.8) occurred southwest of Cairo in the vicinity of the Dahshour region. For the mainshock, an average moment release M 0 = 9.70E17 n-m; a fault length = 13.8 km; an average displacement = 0.22 m; a stress drop = 0.760 MPa and maximum spectral magnitude = 5.78 were obtained. Spectral magnitude calculations were used in this analysis. The distribution of the well-recorded aftershocks over 15 months using a temporary seismic network installed immediately after the mainshock shows a zone of concentrated activity. Three composite focal mechanism solutions are constructed, using P wave polarity data for 30 earthquakes. These solutions have a mechanism, involving normal and right lateral strike slip motion along E-W to ENE-WSW trending fault plane. The P-wave polarity data of the individual 30 earthquakes are inverted to determine the stress tensor. The stress field estimated is extensional with s3 in the direction of NNE. The stress pattern determined from the inversion is in good agreement with the one estimated from the three composite fault plane solutions, while the neotectonic situation in Northern Egypt supports ENE-WSW extensional movement. However, the region of study has suffered both extensional tectonic activity of the Northern Red Sea rift zone and the compressional tectonic activity along the Hellenic arc. The inconsistency of the principal tension directions may belong to the interaction between the extensional and compressioal tectonics.