jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Experience and Teleology in Ancient Historiography

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The past is narrated in retrospect. Historians can either capitalize on the benefit of hindsight and give their narratives a strongly teleological design or they may try to render the past as it was experienced by historical agents and contemporaries. This book explores the fundamental tension between experience and teleology in major works of Greek and Roman historiography, biography and autobiography. The combination of theoretical reflections with close readings yields a new, often surprising assessment of the history of ancient historiography as well as a deeper understanding of such authors as Thucydides, Tacitus and Augustine. While much recent work has focused on how ancient historians use emplotment to generate historical meaning, Experience and Teleology in Ancient Historiography offers a new approach to narrative form as a mode of coming to grips with time.
Comparative morphology of the musculature of the sting apparatus in Ampulex compressa (Hymenoptera, Ampulicidae) and Sceliphron destillatorium (Hymenoptera, Sphecidae)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The sting apparatus of aculeate Hymenoptera is derived from the ovipositor and is their most prominent apomorphy. In contrast to the frequently analysed sclerites of the sting apparatus, the associated musculature has largely been neglected. In this study, we use micro-computed tomography to present a detailed description of the musculature of the sting apparatus of Ampulex compressa (Ampulicidae) and Sceliphron destillatorium (Sphecidae). We found that 12 of 15 muscles corresponding to the sting apparatus are homologous between both species examined and 13 muscles in comparison with Hymenoptera described in the literature. All muscles identified as critical for the act of stinging were found in both species. Moreover, we found the ventral tergum 8-tergum 9 muscle and the tergum 8-tergum 8 muscles in A. compressa and the second valvifer-second valvifer muscle in S. destillatorium . For the first time, we describe the ventral tergum 8-tergum 9 muscle and the second valvifer-second valvifer muscle that interconnects both body sides, in Hymenoptera.
Unlocking plant defenses: Harnessing the power of beneficial microorganisms for induced systemic resistance in vegetables – A systematic review

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Plants are susceptible to pathogen attacks, which employ strategies that overcome plant defenses and result in damage and losses. The use of beneficial microorganisms can induce systemic plant resistance, leading to greater efficiency in disease control. The objective of this study was to identify the main microorganisms that induce systemic resistance and the genes and metabolites involved in this process. A bibliographic search was conducted on the Scopus and Web of Science platforms, and the metadata were evaluated using the Bibliometrix package in R software. Subsequently, an investigation was carried out on the microorganisms and their interactions with gene expression and metabolites involved in plant defense systems. In studies of induced systemic resistance, the most cited beneficial microorganisms were Trichoderma, Bacillus, and Pseudomonas, and the most used plant were Solanum lycopersicon L. followed by Arabidopsis thaliana. Among the pathogens, the most employed were Botrytis cinerea, Pseudomonas syringae, Rhizoctonia solani, and Fusarium oxysporum. Beneficial microorganisms influence the expression of genes responsible for signaling jasmonic acid, salicylic acid, ethylene, and the production of enzymes involved in the complex of reactive oxygen species as mediators of protection.
Vasoconstrictor response to EFS.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<p>EFS-induced vasoconstriction in endothelium-intact (A) and endothelium-removed (B) mesenteric segments from control, breast feeding (BF) and after BF rats. Results (Mean±S.E.M.) were expressed as a percentage of the initial contraction elicited by KCl. ANOVA P<0.05 Control vs. BF; ANOVA P<0.05 BF vs. After BF in both endothelium intact (A) and endothelium-removed (B) arteries. *P<0.05 vs. control animals at each frequency; #P<0.05 vs. BF group at each frequency (Bonferroni test). n = 10 animals each group.</p>
Towards the sustainable control of neglected tropical diseases in Asia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

More than a third of the world’s population are infected with neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) mainly in the developing or impoverished nations of Asia, Africa and Latin America. Soil-transmitted helminths (STH) are intestinal parasitic nematode worms, causing human disease. They are the most common of the 13 major NTDs and the most wide-spread and disabling chronic infections globally. Ascaris lumbricoides is the most prevalent STH with an estimated one billion infections globally; and Trichuris trichiura and hookworm (Necator americanus and Ancylostoma duodenale) each infect approximately 600-800 million. The STHs are of significant public health concern particularly among school-aged children, who, if infected, suffer from profound physical deficits, including anaemia and malnutrition, stunted growth, reduced fitness and cognitive delays. Schistosomiasis, caused by blood flukes of the genus Schistosoma (Phylum Platyhelminthes), is another neglected tropical disease of poverty prioritized by the World Health Organization (WHO) for control and possible elimination by 2020. Globally an estimated 240 million people are infected and more than 700 million are at risk of infection in 78 countries of the tropical world.This D.Sc. thesis focuses primarily on the research and control of neglected tropical diseases in Asia. More specifically, the scientific research presented represents two decades of international work that has focused on the research and control of schistosomiasis and soiltransmitted helminths in rural and remote communities of China and the Philippines. To date persistent mass drug administration (MDA) has been the cornerstone of control; however, it is unable to prevent re-infection, and after treatment is stopped, disease prevalence returns to pre-treatment levels typically within 24 months. This leads many to question the sustainability of NTD control based on de-worming alone. Additional control measures as part of an integrated approach are required to augment chemotherapy to treat and prevent reinfection.My research has led to a better understanding of the epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, management, and control of intestinal helminths in Asia. During the course of my field activities I have also assisted patients with their primary-care needs and referred many for specialist medical and surgical care when deemed appropriate. This service to the communities under study is considered by many to be the ethical standard in which to conduct global health research.
Independence Hall

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The image is of a reddish hue and pictures Independence Hall in Philadelphia. The text indicates that this is where Andrew Jackson represented Tennessee from 1796 to 1798 as Congressman and Senator. The print was inspired by an image from the collection of Mr. Theodore Fred Kuper in New York City. A group of people can be seen from the distance outside of Independence Hall. Individual faces cannot be discerned.
Irvingia wombolu Vermoesen ICRAFF 01062

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Plant Genetic Resource.
Taxonomy: Irvingia wombolu Vermoesen
Common name(s): Bitter bush-mango
Conserved by: World Agroforestry (CIFOR-ICRAF), Kenya
Local sample unique identifier: ICRAFF 01062
Method of creation: Acquisition
Date: 2001
Other identifiers: n/a,BS/IW/08/T505
Historical: No
Biological status: Wild
MLS status: Included
The Association Between Social Anxiety and Perceived Frequency and Value of Classmate and Close Friend Social Support

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Samantha Coylea* & Christine K. Maleckia | Erin Dowdya Northern Illinois UniversitySamantha Coyle is a doctoral candidate in the school psychology program at Northern Illinois University. Her research interests include peer relationships, internalizing symptomology, and curriculum-based measurement.Christine Malecki, PhD, is a professor in the psychology department at Northern Illinois University and is the director of the school psychology program. Her research interests include how perceived social support is associated with positive psychological and social outcomes in youth. She is also interested in the social contexts of bullying behaviors and curriculum-based measurement in written language and reading.
Investigation of Allelopathic Potentiality of the Himalyan Lichen Parmelia Reticulata Tayl. Against Phalaris Minor Retz.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Allelopathic potentiality of hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of the Himalyan lichen, Parmelia reticulate Taylor, at different concentrations (50, 25 and 12.5 μg ml-1) was studied on germination and early seedling growth of highly devastating weed Phalaris minor. The experiments were carried out in portray maintained in natural environment. Current investigation has revealed concentration dependent allelopathic phenomenon of the lichen extracts on P. minor. Hexane and ethyl acetate extracts at 50 μg ml-1 exhibited maximum detrimental effect on seed germination (56% as compared to control i.e. 90%). Hexane extract at 50 μg ml-1 showed maximum inhibition of early seedling growths, determined in terms of shoot and root lengths of the test weed. It reduced shoot and root lengths to 2.5cm (control 10.7 cm) and 0.9 cm (control 3.4cm) respectively, indicating semipolar nature of constituents responsible for bioactivity.
Investigation of the Effect of Stethoscope Usage on External Ear Canal and Resistant Bacterial Colonization Among Healthcare Workers

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: The aim of this study was to determine whether the use of stethoscope affects the flora of external ear canal of healthcare workers and to investigate the colonization of bacteria that are the causative agents of hospital infections in the external ear canal. \n \nMaterials and Methods: The study was conducted in our hospital between September-December 2017 with 156 healthcare workers who agreed to participate in the study. Participants were asked questions such as demographic data, habit of using common stethoscope, and frequency of stethoscope cleaning. The cultivation and incubation of the swab specimens taken from the right-left external ear canal were performed in appropriate conditions in the microbiology laboratory. The growth of coagulase-negative staphylococcus, bacillus and diphteroids alone or in combination was evaluated as normal flora. \n \nResults: Of the 156 healthcare workers with a mean age of 30.5 ± 6.2 years, 46 (29.5%) reported not using stethoscope. When the right and left ear were evaluated together, normal flora was observed in 128 (82.1%) of the participants, 25 (16.0%) had no bacterial growth, 2 (1.3%) Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and 1 (0.6%) Acinetobacter baumannii growths were observed. It was determined that using or not using stethoscope did not affect bacterial growth in the right-left ear. In stethoscope users, it was observed that the frequency of cleaning of stethoscope was significantly higher in nurses than in doctors. \n \nConclusion: In the study, the presence of P. aeruginosa in two healthcare workers, the lack of frequent cleaning practices and the use of common stethoscope in both workers suggested that stethoscopes could be the source of the transmission of infectious agents when the rules of sanitation were not applied. The fact that the person who was colonized with A. baumannii was a personnel working in the intensive care unit showed that the measures against this infectious agent should be increased in intensive care units.
The Psychology of Music Reading

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The ability to read music is, if not essential, an irreplaceable asset to anyone who indulges in musical activity. There are two points that need to be established: firstly, that influential commentators on psychological aspects of music have, in fact, had very little to say about music reading; secondly, that this neglect is unjustified in consideration of the importance of musical literacy for overall musical competence. This book argues further, however, that the reading facility is not simply a useful additional skill for a musician to have, it is, in a sense, necessary for full membership of the musical community. The book shows that the psychological study of music reading is an important area of the psychology of music which nevertheless has bearing on central theoretical and practical issues in music. It offers one important route to a better understanding of the nature of musical cognition itself.
Detection of solid C(triple bond)N bearing materials on solar system bodies

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

We found observational evidence for the presence of C(triple bond)N-bearing solid materials on four classes of Solar System bodies: comets, asteroids, the rings of Uranus, and Saturn's satellite Iapetus. Gaseous CN was known in comet spectra, and the IR spectra of Comet P/Halley show emission of the CN fundamental at 4.5 microns interpreted as solids containing CN- group in the grains of the inner coma. The presented data offer the first evidence for chemically related material on the other objects.
Analysis of Rural Youths Participation in Family Farming in Benue State, Nigeria: Implications for Policy

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The survey analyzed rural youths participation in family farming in Benue State, Nigeria. Structured questionnaire/interview schedule were used in collecting data for the study. Frequency, percentage, mean score, standard deviation, factor analysis and binary logistic regression model were used for data analysis. Findings revealed that about 75.00% of the respondents were males, single (63.70%), had formal education (98.90%), having farming as a major occupation (92.40%). Major roles performed by the respondents in family farming include site selection (M = 2.70), harvesting of crops (M = 2.61), applying fertilizer to crops (M = 2.55), clearing of farm land (M = 2.54), soil tillage (M = 2.51), among others. These were further classified as land preparation, management and technical roles. The study recommends that rural youths should be encouraged to remain in agriculture by ensuring that they are provided with improved technologies for greater productivity. Basic amenities such as electricity, pipe borne water, good roads, etc should be made available in rural areas where they reside to prevent rural-urban youth migration and sustain agriculture.
Application of a grape surface majority pectinolytic species,Aureobasidium pullulans, to low-temperature red winemaking: development and stability of wine colour

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

(2020). Application of a grape surface majority pectinolytic species, Aureobasidium pullulans, to low-temperature red winemaking: development and stability of wine colour. Journal of Wine Research: Vol. 31, No. 3, pp. 218-239.
Design of a Radar Signature Measurement Model of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle with Low Radar Signature

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Existing databases of RCS benchmarks lack a complex, low-observable target. This paper describes the design of such a complex and low-observable measurement model. Starting point of the design is the so-called Muldicon model, developed by the NATO/STO/AVT panel. Hot spots of the original model are identified and treated with radar-absorbing materials. Simulations on the treated model demonstrate that the model is indeed low observable. The effect of the manufacturing process of 3D-printing and separable parts is assessed experimentally on a cone-sphere; the effect is found to be negligible. These results give confidence that the model, when built, satisfies the requirements of being complex and low observable; and that artefacts of the manufacturing process will not impair its signature.
The Geography of Vice

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This chapter is a spatial analysis of Tonkin's black market sex industry. It investigates how the area's physical, administrative, economic, and political geography shaped the ways that unregistered sex was sold in Tonkin. Some of the areas discussed here include the Red River Delta, Hanoi, Hanoi's suburbs, Hai Phong City, the military bases, the border towns, and the coast of Tonkin. The chapter discusses how the geographic and political landscape of Tonkin enabled traffickers and clandestine sex workers to evade colonial police. It talks about how colonial land policies, the tax system, and the government's neglect of the suburbs further impoverished peasants, leading women to seek alternative income through sex work.
Supportive care in oncology

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The end result of the three main therapeutic modalities in pediatric oncology—namely surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy—is determined by the balance of efficacy and the side effects of the specific form of therapy. Supportive care is meant to prevent and intercept the toxicities of therapy. Recently, the main progress in supportive care was made in the fields of bone marrow toxicity, infections due to neutropenia, and vomiting and pain control. Autologous or allogenic bone marrow reinfusion growth factors are now widely used to shorten bone marrow aplasia after intensive chemotherapy and are in fact new forms of supportive care. New antibiotics, antiviral agents, and fungicidal drugs have appeared in the arsenal of the physician. A new class of antiemetic drugs has become available to the clinician, and pan control has become more effective, due mainly to new ways of administering well-known drugs.
Identification of Flavonoids-based HITS to Inhibit GSK3β Activity: An <i>In Silico</i> and <i>In Vitro</i> Analysis

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Background: Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) is a protein kinase with two isoforms, alpha and beta. GSK-3β, specifically, is found in nervous tissue and has been linked to the development of various human diseases. Aim: This study aimed to investigate the potential of flavonoids as inhibitors of GSK-3β using in silico and in vitro analyses. Methods: Schrodinger Maestro software was used for in silico molecular docking simulations to assess the interaction between flavonoids (ligands) and GSK-3β (target protein). In vitro cytotoxicity studies were performed on Rat L6 skeletal muscle cells to determine the safety of the selected flavonoids. Additionally, the neuroprotective effects of the flavonoids were evaluated using an oxygen-glucose deprivation model on SHSY 5Y neuroblastoma cells. Results: The in silico analysis revealed that all the studied flavonoids interacted with valine 135, a key amino acid for GSK-3β inhibition. Furthermore, the in vitro studies showed that the selected flavonoids were safe up to a concentration of 30 μM in rat L6 cells. Among the tested flavonoids, hesperetin, a flavanone, demonstrated the most potent neuroprotective effect in the SHSY 5Y cell line, with an IC50 value of 13.30 μM. Conclusion: Hesperetin, a flavanone, emerged as the most promising candidate among the tested flavonoids for further investigation as a potential GSK-3β inhibitor with neuroprotective properties.
Marine invertebrate mitochondria: respiratory balance in extreme environments

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The marine environment confronts its inhabitants with a wide variety of O2 concentrations, as well as with fluctuations of small scale local O2 availability over time. To cope with the unpredictable availability of oxygen in their next environment, marine invertebrates have evolved behavioural and physiological strategies, including mitochondria with a capacity for anaerobic energy production, sulphide oxidases and alternative endoxidases (AOX) branching of the mainstream electron transport pathway.These AOX are insensitive to sulphide inhibition and have lower Km values for oxygen than cytochrome oxidase, to allow for oxyconforming respiration during high tissue oxygenation. Taken together, all these traits evidence the early evolution of hypoxia tolerant marine animals in an atmosphere low in oxygen and mildly sulphidic, which did not allow to exclusively rely on oxidative phosphorylation. The other side of the coin is a high sensitivity of many species to elevated and even normoxic oxygen saturation, which has led to investigate their susceptibility to oxygen radical forming processes in cells and mitochondria. In this talk we will disclose behavioural and cellular/mitochondrial strategies employed by marine invertebrates to adjust tissue Po2 low and constant and alleviate oxidative stress under environmental stress situations and to highlight important differences with mammalian mitochondria.
Comparison of the Dynamic Response of Calorimetric and Hot-Film Flow Transducers

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The dynamic behavior of micromachined calorimetric flow sensors for gaseous fluids was investigated both, experimentally and by computer-numerical simulations. The study covers the influence of geometry parameters on sensitivity and response time as a function of the flow velocity. Using FEM analyzes, the flow dependence of the temperature of the thin-film heat source becomes accessible, which is representative for the response of hot-film transducers. At low flow velocities, calorimetric sensors respond notably faster than comparable hot film sensors to step-like changes of the fluid velocity. For large flow steps, where temperature-controlled operation is mandatory, the hot-film flow sensor promises a slightly faster response.
Expressive speech synthesis using a concatenative synthesizer

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper describes an experiment in synthesizing four emotional states - anger, happiness, sadness and neutral – using a concatenative speech synthesizer. To achieve this, five emotionally (i.e., semantically) unbiased target sentences were prepared. Then, separate speech inventories, comprising the target diphones for each of the above emotions, were recorded. Using the 16 different combinations of prosody and inventory during synthesis resulted in 80 synthetic test sentences. The results were evaluated by conducting listening tests with 33 naive listeners. Synthesized anger was recognized with 86.1% accuracy, sadness with 89.1%, happiness with 44.2%, and neutral emotion with 81.8% accuracy. According to our results, anger was classified as inventory dominant and sadness and neutral as prosody dominant. Results were not sufficient to make similar conclusions regarding happiness. The highest recognition accuracies were achieved for sentences synthesized by using prosody and diphone inventory belonging to the same emotion.