jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Conceptualizing and Measuring Global Justice: Theories, Concepts, Principles and Indicators

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstracts The paper focuses on the conceptualization and measurement of global justice and discusses theories, concepts, evaluative principles, and methodologies related to the study of global justice. In this paper, we seek to clarify how to conceptualize global justice, how conceptual indicators can be selected and justified by theories, and how those indicators can be conceptually consistent with the concept of global justice. Global justice is a broad concept that is composed of multi-level and multidimensional aspects belonging to both normative and empirical realities. A coherent and integrated theoretical framework that covers the normative basis and various empirical dimensions is therefore much needed in order to address some of the basic and important questions under study. The paper seeks to synthesize the multiple theories and conceptions of global justice that exist in the academic discourse and literature into three main theoretical approaches to global justice—rights based, good based, and virtue based. These three approaches are a good sample of and reflect well the strengths of the different theoretical, intellectual and cultural traditions at play in the study of global justice. From this perspective, the synthesis of the three approaches is meant to provide us with a coherent theoretical framework that serves as the normative basis and justifies the selection of indicators for measurement.
IUPHAR-DB: An Expert-Curated, Peer-Reviewed Database of Receptors and Ion Channels

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology database (IUPHAR-DB) integrates peer-reviewed pharmacological, chemical, genetic, functional and anatomical information on the 354 non-sensory G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), 71 ligand-gated ion channel subunits and 141 voltage-gated ion channel subunits encoded by the human, rat and mouse genomes. These genes represent the targets of about a third of currently approved drugs and are a major focus of drug discovery and development programs in the pharmaceutical industry. Individual gene pages provide a comprehensive description of the genes and their functions, with information on protein structure, ligands, expression patterns, signaling mechanisms, functional assays and biologically important receptor variants (e.g. single nucleotide polymorphisms and splice variants). The phenotypes resulting from altered gene expression (e.g. in genetically altered animals) and genetic mutations are described. Links are provided to bioinformatics resources such as NCBI RefSeq, OMIM, PubChem, human, rat and mouse genome databases. Recent developments include the addition of ligand-centered pages summarising information about unique ligand molecules in IUPHAR-DB. IUPHAR-DB represents a novel approach to biocuration because most data are provided through manual curation of published literature by a network of over 60 expert subcommittees coordinated by NC-IUPHAR. Data are referenced to the primary literature and linked to PubMed. The data are checked to ensure accuracy and consistency by the curators, added to the production server using custom-built submission tools and peer-reviewed by NC-IUPHAR, before being transferred to the public database. Data are reviewed and updated regularly (at least biennially). Other website features include comprehensive database search tools, online and downloadable gene lists and links to recent publications of interest to the field, such as reports on receptor-ligand pairings. The database is freely available at "http://www.iuphar-db.org":http://www.iuphar-db.org. Curators can be reached at curators [at] iuphar-db.org. We thank British Pharmacological Society, UNESCO (through the ICSU Grants Programme), Incyte, GlaxoSmithKline, Novartis, Servier and Wyeth for their support.
40-Hz Rhythmic Visual Stimulation Facilitates Attention by Reshaping the Brain Functional Connectivity

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Recently, rhythmic visual stimulation (RVS) has been demonstrated to affect the brain function by entraining neural oscillations. However, less is known about how RVS influences the functional connectivity across the whole brain. Here, we applied a graph theoretical approach to analyze the electroencephalography (EEG) connections of 60 nodes when subjects deployed their attention on visual task with different background stimulation, i.e. no background flicker, jittered flicker, and RVS of 6, 10, 15 and 40 Hz, respectively. Thirty-three subjects participated in this study. As a result, the 40-Hz rhythm led to the significantly fastest reaction among all conditions. Furthermore, significantly higher clustering coefficient (C) and small worldness (σ) of θ-band brain network were observed for higher-frequency RVS, which were significantly negatively correlated with reaction time (RT) (C-RT: r =-0.917, p =0.010; σ-RT: r =-0.894, p =0.016). In addition, we found an increase in the connections between dorsolateral prefrontal and visual cortices under RVS compared to no flicker. Our results indicate that RVS can improve the efficiency of brain cortical functional network to facilitate attention.
Optimization of the epoxy resin water dispersion for modification of the RAP cold recycled mixes

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract This article presents the results of studies to optimize the composition of water dispersion of epoxy resin for the modification of RAP cold recycled mixes. The resulting water dispersion is easily combined with the bitumen emulsion and can be easily applied in the preparation of cold mixes. This kind of modification will significantly improve their reliability and durability and to closer in magnitude to the properties of hot asphalt concrete widely used for the construct of road pavements. In order to improve the efficiency of the modification process, the process of emulsification of epoxy oligomers in the presence of nonionic surfactants and further application of the obtained dispersions as a component of bitumen emulsions used for the preparation of RAP cold recycled mixes is justified. This kind of integrated approach to the selection of the composition of water dispersion of epoxy resin provided a higher level of its interaction in the formation of elastic and viscous bonds of increased strength in the formation of the structure of composites based on asphalt, bitumen emulsions and cement.
Isolation and Pathogenecity Study of Agrobacterium From Rhizospheric Soil of Albizia Saman

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Agrobacterium is a soil borne bacterium that causes the crown gall disease, which is the formation of crown gall tumours on a wide range of plants including dicots and monocots.Most of the genes that are required for the infection process are found on Ti plasmid (Tumor inducing plasmid).The Ti plasmid may carry useful virulence genes that may enhance the plant transformation efficiency.Agrobacterium species have been genetically modified and used as a tool for engineering desired genes into plants.However, many plants remain recalcitrant to genetic transformation by Agrobacterium species resulting in low transformation frequency.This seriously impeded the progress of plant biotechnology, particularly crop improvement.
Innovation in Education: The Social Representations and Practices of Greek Teachers

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper aims at highlighting Greek teachers' social representations and practices with regard to innovation, and, most notably, innovation concerning matters of the curriculum.The starting point for this research was our personal involvement as teaching staff in various programs in school.Moreover, our conviction is that now-adays the notion of innovation is even held, in the official discourse, as the keystone for the development of a country and so the term has already acquired a rather normative sense and as such acts in a performative way.
Out of phraseology of Kostrena

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

U ovome je clanku analiziran segment kostrenskoga govornoga tipa Svete Lucije s namjerom da se pokaže razlikuju li se ti kostrenski frazemi i drugim elementima izuzev refleksom jata od dosad istraživane dijalekatske sjevernocakavske frazeologije ili pripadaju frazeoloskomu korpusu sjevernocakavskih govora bez obzira kojega su cakavskoga dijalekta dijelom. Frazemi se analiziraju s triju aspekata: strukturnoga, semantickoga i sintaktickoga. Zakljucuje se da osnovna razlika u drukcijemu refleksu jata ne umanjuje cinjenicu da kostrenski frazemi proizlaze iz istoga civilizacijskoga kruga i istoga prostora cakavskoga narjecja.
Waste heat recovery in the production of furnace-grade phosphoric acid

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In order to improve energy conservation and environmental protection, an improved process for the production of furnace-grade phosphoric acid and new phosphoric furnace with heat recovery is proposed. This process succeeds in recovering and utilizing thermal energy released by the combustion of elemental phosphorus. As a result, the special steam boiler and plate heat exchanger used in the conventional process are not required. The combustion chamber, consisting of a vertical tube bundle, itself provides a heat exchange surface and the cooling water is circulated in a system consisting of a drum, downtakes, lower manifold, ascending tubes, upper manifold and collecting tubes. An energy and exergy analysis of the overall process reveals the energy and exergy distribution in the preparation of furnace-grade phosphoric acid and illustrates the effect on energy conservation. Some structural shortcomings of the new phosphoric furnace to be overcome are also analyzed and corresponding recommendations are proposed.
Abstract 459: The function of FOXO1 in the late phases of the cell cycle is suppressed by PLK1-mediated phosphorylation

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) plays crucial roles in multiple stages of cell division. Our previous studies suggest that global transcriptional regulation by PLK1 may contribute to its multiple functions. PLK1 depletion is associated with a decrease in cell viability and the induction of apoptosis; however, the underlying mechanisms are not completely understood. Here, we report that forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO1) is a novel physiological substrate of PLK1. FOXO1 is at the interface of crucial cellular processes, orchestrating programs of gene expression that regulate apoptosis, cell cycle progression, and oxidative-stress resistance. PLK1 interacts with and phosphorylates FOXO1, mainly at the G2/M phase of the cell cycle. PLK1-mediated phosphorylation leads to the impairment of FOXO1's transcriptional activity in an Akt-independent manner. By immunofluorescence staining and subcellular fractionation, we demonstrate that PLK1-induced FOXO1 phosphorylation causes its nuclear exclusion. Furthermore, PLK1-mediated phosphorylation of FOXO1 negatively regulates its pro-apoptotic function, and abrogates its ability to delay entry into and progression through G2/M transition. Therefore, our results suggest that PLK1 abrogates the inhibitory effects of FOXO1 on cell growth and survival to ensure timely cell cycle progression. This study not only reveals a novel and major regulatory mechanism of FOXO1 at the late phases of the cell cycle, but also provides new insight into the molecular mechanisms by which PLK1 inhibition leads to growth arrest and cell death. Note: This abstract was not presented at the meeting. Citation Format: Chengfu Yuan, Lei Wang, Liang Zhou, Zheng Fu. The function of FOXO1 in the late phases of the cell cycle is suppressed by PLK1-mediated phosphorylation. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 459. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-459
Crustose coralline algal species host distinct bacterial assemblages on their surfaces

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Crustose coralline algae (CCA) are important components of many marine ecosystems. They aid in reef accretion and stabilization, create habitat for other organisms, contribute to carbon sequestration and are important settlement substrata for a number of marine invertebrates. Despite their ecological importance, little is known about the bacterial communities associated with CCA or whether differences in bacterial assemblages may have ecological implications. This study examined the bacterial communities on four different species of CCA collected in Belize using bacterial tag-encoded FLX amplicon pyrosequencing of the V1-V3 region of the 16S rDNA. CCA were dominated by Alphaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria and Actinomycetes. At the operational taxonomic unit (OTU) level, each CCA species had a unique bacterial community that was significantly different from all other CCA species. Hydrolithon boergesenii and Titanoderma prototypum, CCA species that facilitate larval settlement in multiple corals, had higher abundances of OTUs related to bacteria that inhibit the growth and/or biofilm formation of coral pathogens. Fewer coral larvae settle on the surfaces of Paragoniolithon solubile and Porolithon pachydermum. These CCA species had higher abundances of OTUs related to known coral pathogens and cyanobacteria. Coral larvae may be able to use the observed differences in bacterial community composition on CCA species to assess the suitability of these substrata for settlement and selectively settle on CCA species that contain beneficial bacteria.
Influence of the selected active substances of fungicides on the growth of Trichoderma viride

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The fungi of Trichoderma genus as antagonists of plant pathogenic fungi can reduce development of plant diseases. They also positively affect agriculture value of the soil and support plant resistance. Therefore Trichoderma spp. are used as bioproducts in a biological plant protection. However, the use of fungicides due to their efficiencies or a combination of both methods are the common practices in the crop protection. The aim of the study was to estimate the effect of 13 active substances of fungicides on the growth of T. viride under the laboratory conditions. Among 13 active ingredients carbendazim showed the strongest impact on the T. viride development; at each dose inhibited completely the colony growth. The least toxic to T. viride were azoxystrobin, kresoximmethyl, cyproconazole and tetraconazole. Grzyby rodzaju Trichoderma wykazują skuteczne działanie antagonistyczne przeciwko grzybom patogenicznym ograniczając rozwój chorób roślin. Wpływają również korzystnie na wartość rolniczą gleby oraz wspomagają odporność roślin. Z tego względu Trichoderma spp. wykorzystywane są w biologicznej ochronie roślin jako biopreparaty. Powszechną praktyką w ochronie roślin jest jednak stosowanie fungicydów z uwagi na skuteczniejsze działanie lub łączenie obydwu metod. W przeprowadzonym doświadczeniu badano wpływ 13 substancji czynnych, będących składnikami fungicydów, na wzrost kolonii T. viride w warunkach laboratoryjnych. Najsilniejszym oddziaływaniem wykazał się karbendazym, który w każdej dawce całkowicie zahamował wzrost kolonii grzyba T. viride. Najmniej toksyczne dla T. viride okazały się: azoksystrobina, krezoksym metylu, cyprokonazol i tetrakonazol.
[Management of nasopharyngeal stenosis after uvulopalatopharyngoplasty].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

悬雍垂腭咽成形术（UPPP）常见的手术并发症有气道阻塞、心血管并发症、出血、腭咽关闭不全、鼻咽狭窄或闭锁等，其中有些严重并发症处理不当或不及时，可能危及生命，另一些远期并发症例如腭咽关闭不全、鼻咽狭窄或闭锁，虽然没有生命危险，但会严重影响患者的生活质量。
Strength and compressibility characteristics of soil stabilized with plastic bag strips

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract This study investigates the potential application of utilizing plastic bag strips (PBS) in improving the strength and compressibility behavior of soils. A series of unconfined compressive strength (UCS) and consolidation tests were carried out for different proportions of plastic bag strip reinforced soil. The effect of the thickness ( t ) and aspect ratio (AR) on the UCS and compressibility characteristics of PBS reinforced soil was investigated. The thicknesses of PBS used were 15 µm, 30 µm and 45 µm which were added in varying concentrations (0.1%-0.7%) at different aspect ratios 1, 2 and 2.5. The laboratory results clearly show that PBS have a significant influence on the UCS and compressibility behavior of soil. In addition, the peak value of UCS ( q u ) increases with the thickness and AR of PBS. A significant improvement in q u has been found for 0.5% addition of PBS. Moreover, the swelling behavior of soil has significantly reduced with the addition of PBS.
Changes in N-terminal glucagon-like immunoreactivity and insulin during short-term gluten challenge in childhood coeliac disease.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Sixteen patients (aged 3.5-14.3 years) with normal jejunal mucosa, originally diagnosed as having coeliac disease at least 18 months before, were started on gluten challenge. The 'end point' of challenge was significant deterioration in jejunal mucosa morphologically and morphometrically. Studies carried out both before and after challenge included intestinal absorption of D-xylose and glucose, and release of insulin and N-terminal glucagon-like immunoreactivity (N-GLI). After gluten challenge, there were significant increases in plasma N-GLI at both 45 (P less than 0.05) and 120 minutes (P less than 0.03) after oral glucose. Significant reduction occurred in glucose absorption at 45 minutes (P less than 0.04), in one-hour D-xylose absorption (P less than 0.01) and fasting serum cholesterol (P less than 0.01). Plasma N-GLI showed significant negative correlations with D-xylose absorption (P less than 0.003) and serum cholesterol (P less than 0.004).
Immobilization of Polymer Supports for Penicillin Acylase

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The penicillin acylase has played an important role in the manufacture of semi-synthetic antibiotics. The immobilization of polymer supports for penicillin acylase, including natural and synthetic polymer, is introduced in this paper. The effects of the preparation methods, characteristics and modifications of polymer supports on the catalytic activity and operational stability of immobilized enzyme are discussed.
Ruling Out ∼100–300 GeV Thermal Relic Annihilating Dark Matter by Radio Observation of the Andromeda Galaxy

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Over the past few years, some studies have claimed that annihilating dark matter with mass ∼10–100 GeV can explain the GeV gamma-ray excess in our Galaxy. However, recent analyses of Fermi -LAT and radio observational data have ruled out the possibility of the thermal relic annihilating dark matter with mass m ≤ 100 GeV for some popular annihilation channels. By using the new observed radio data of the Andromeda galaxy, we rule out the existence of ∼100–300 GeV thermal relic annihilating dark matter for 10 annihilation channels. The lower limits of annihilating dark matter mass are improved to larger than 330 GeV for the most conservative case, which is a few times larger than the current best constraints. Moreover, these limits strongly disfavor the benchmark model of weakly interacting massive particles produced through the thermal freeze-out mechanism.
Robust Linear Decentralized Tracking of a Time-Varying Sparse Parameter Relying on Imperfect CSI

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

<p>Robust linear decentralized tracking of a time-varying sparse parameter is studied in a multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) wireless sensor network (WSN) under channel state information (CSI) uncertainty. Initially, assuming perfect CSI availability, a novel sparse Bayesian learning-based Kalman filtering (SBL-KF) framework is developed in order to track the time-varying sparse parameter. Subsequently, an optimization problem is formulated to minimize the mean-square error (MSE) in each time slot (TS), followed by the design of a fast block coordinate descent (FBCD)-based iterative algorithm. A unique aspect of the proposed technique is that it requires only a single iteration per TS to obtain the transmit precoder (TPC) matrices for all the sensor nodes (SNs) and the receiver combiner (RC) matrix for the fusion center (FC) in an online fashion. The recursive Bayesian Cramer-Rao bound (BCRB) is also derived for benchmarking the performance of the proposed linear decentralized estimation (LDE) scheme. Furthermore, for considering a practical scenario having CSI uncertainty, a robust SBL-KF (RSBL-KF) is derived for tracking the unknown parameter vector of interest followed by the conception of a robust transceiver design. Our simulation results show that the schemes designed outperform both the traditional sparsity-agnostic Kalman filter and the state-of-the-art sparse reconstruction methods. Furthermore, as compared to the uncertainty-agnostic design, the robust transceiver architecture conceived is shown to provide improved estimation performance, making it eminently suitable for practical applications.</p>
Multidisciplinary Authorship Among Infectious Diseases Society of America Clinical Practice Guidelines: Examining the Contributions of Infectious Diseases Pharmacists

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract We describe the proportion of pharmacist representation among current and corresponding prior editions of Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) clinical practice guidelines (CPGs). Pharmacist representation was 13% and 21% in previous and current editions, respectively, increasing significantly since 2011. We advocate for continued collaborations between IDSA and pharmacy organizations to enhance multidisciplinary representation in CPGs.
Microbial Synthesis of Non-Natural Anthraquinone Glucosides Displaying Superior Antiproliferative Properties

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Anthraquinones, naturally occurring bioactive compounds, have been reported to exhibit various biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antimicrobial, and anticancer effects. In this study, we biotransformed three selected anthraquinones into their novel O-glucoside derivatives, expressing a versatile glycosyltransferase (YjiC) from Bacillus licheniformis DSM 13 in Escherichia coli. Anthraflavic acid, alizarin, and 2-amino-3-hydroxyanthraquinone were exogenously fed to recombinant E. coli as substrate for biotransformation. The products anthraflavic acid-O-glucoside, alizarin 2-O-β-d-glucoside, and 2-amino-3-O-glucosyl anthraquinone produced in the culture broths were characterized by various chromatographic and spectroscopic analyses. The comparative anti-proliferative assay against various cancer cells (gastric cancer-AGS, uterine cervical cancer-HeLa, and liver cancer-HepG2) were remarkable, since the synthesized glucoside compounds showed more than 60% of cell growth inhibition at concentrations ranging from ~50 μM to 100 μM. Importantly, one of the synthesized glucoside derivatives, alizarin 2-O-glucoside inhibited more than 90% of cell growth in all the cancer cell lines tested.