jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Religion, Religious Heterogeneity, and Intimate Partner Violence Among Korean Immigrant Women

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study examined the role of religious affiliations and frequency of religious service attendance—such as church, Bible studies, and temples—as well as religious heterogeneity between couples on intimate partner violence (IPV) among Korean immigrant women in the United States. Through a case-control design, this study compared 64 Korean immigrant IPV victims with 63 Korean immigrant non-IPV victims. This study’s findings reveal that for Korean immigrant women, a high frequency of religious service attendance was associated with higher IPV victimization, while their partners’ high religious service attendance was associated with lower IPV victimization. When women’s partners were religious compared with when they were not religious, they were less likely to perpetrate IPV even when the partners’ alcohol consumption frequency increased. Also, when there was a gap between couples regarding frequency of religious attendance, IPV victimization increased. This discussion concludes by suggesting some policy implications based on these findings.
The dignity of the state in Kant’s Doctrine of Right

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This chapter examines Kant’s neglected denomination of the state as a bearer of dignity in the Doctrine of Right. I begin with a preliminary specification of state dignity as grounded in the state as a particular kind of-coercively authoritative- moral agent. I then go on to delimit the dignity of the citizen from the dignity of the person before asking how, according to Kant, the dignity of the citizen relates to the dignity of the state. I conclude with some reflections on the limited applicability of Kant’s conception of state dignity to contemporary, liberal democratic states.
Smoothing piecewise linear activation functions based on mollified square root functions

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Activation functions(AFs) are crucial components in neural networks for deep learning. Piecewise linear functions(PLFs) have been widely employed to act as AFs, thanks to their computational efficiencies and simplicities. However, PLFs are not completely differentiable, have potential problems of training. The analytical expressions of AFs based on pure PLFs can be smoothed via mollified square root function(MSRF) method, inspired by SquarePlus method of ReLU approximation. In this paper, we propose a proposition defining AFs as maximum or minimum of two PLFs, and transform the results into a smoothed function via MSRF method. Based on MSRF, we modify the well-known AFs composed of two PLFs, three or four PLFs to regularized ones systematically, including ReLU, LReLU, vReLU, Step, Biplolar, BReLU(Bounded ReLU), Htanh(Hard Tanh), Pan(Frying pan function), STF(Soft Thresholding Formulas), HTF(Soft Thresholding Formulas), SReLU(S-shaped ReLU), MReLU(Mexican hat type ReLU), TSF(Trapezoid-shaped function) functions. Additionally, according to the equivalences of SquarePlus and SoftPlus functions, some classic compound AFs, such as ELU, Swish, Mish, SoftSign Logish and DLU functions, can be expressed via MSRF method also. The derivatives of their mollified versions demonstrate their smoothness properties. The proposed method can be extended to AFs composed of multiple PLFs easily, which will be investigated deeply in the future.
Effects of pond structural complexity on the reproduction of Physalaemus ephippifer (Anura, Leptodactylidae)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Habitat structure is a factor that strongly affects the distribution of organisms. Habitats with high structural complexity provide a high number of microhabitats, allowing the coexistence of species with different behavioral, ecological and physiological requirements. We analyzed the effects of structural complexity of ponds on the number of males and foam nests of Physalaemus ephippifer , and the substrates to which individuals attach their foam nests. We sampled 41 ponds and recorded the number of individuals of P. ephippifer and environmental data (type of vegetation in, adjacent and around the pond; type of bottom substrate in the pond) to measure the degree of structural complexity of the ponds through an index ranging between 0 and 1. We found a positive influence of pond structural complexity on mean number of calling males, but not on number of foam nests. We found most foam nests attached to gramineans and herbaceous plants. Vegetation is an important component of habitats with high complexity, providing refuges for adults and tadpoles. The index was an efficient tool to measure habitat structural complexity, and may be used in further studies with other species.
The Effect of Ancylostoma Caninum Infection on Erythropoiesis in Dogs

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

SummaryRadioactive tracer technics were used to study erythropoietic activity in dogs infected with Ancylostoma caninum. Uninfected animals served as controls. The erythropoietic response of these dogs was evaluated by means of the rate of removal of 59Fe from the plasma and its incorporation into the red blood cells. Results revealed that in infected animals erythropoiesis was either stimulated or remained within the upper limits of normal with the exception of one animal. Under the conditions of these experiments, there was no depression of bone marrow activity. Erythropoietic activity was stimulated to a degree that compensated for the blood loss due to the hookworms. Red cells were being lost from the infected animals by a process other than aging, but none of the animals became grossly anemic. The validity of this method of studying the causes of the anemia associated with hookworm infections is discussed.
DNA linked gold nano particle satellite structure synthesis and its application in potassium ion sensing

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Potassium ions are important in the human body as they help in the synthesis of protein and aid in the function of different physiological function of the body. A lack of potassium ions would result in a fatigue, abnormal heart beat and so on. As compared to other ions, potassium ions found in very low concentration in the body. Hence, there is a need to develop a biosensor that is sensitive to minute concentration of potassium ions. The detection of potassium ions through the conformational change of aptamer from loose ends to G-quadruplex has proven to be able to detect micrometer and nanometer concentration of potassium ions. In recent years, there has been an increase in the use of nanomaterials for making biosensor. Among the nanomaterials, gold nanoparticles have received the most interest. Its ability to quench fluorophore more efficiently, the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) and its ability to detect at nano-level makes it useful as fluorescence probe as a biosensor. In this project, gold nanoparticle functionalized with oligonucleotides linked with fluorescein will be synthesis. In the presence of potassium ion, the oligonucleotide will change its conformation to form G-quadruplex which resulted in the quenching of fluorescein by gold nanoparticle. The quenching of fluorescein (FAM) is detected by the decrease in fluorescein intensity by UV spectrometry. The sensitivity of the oligonucleotides used in this experiment could not be determined as few experiments were done and other factors might have interfered with the sensing of potassium ions.
Photo luminescence of Cooper pairs in a naturally occurring heretostructure K$_{0.75}$Fe$_{1.75}$Se$_{2}$

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Combining superconductor and semiconductors in nanostructure junctions was a challenging technological problem that attracted attention for long time [van Wees]. The radiative recombination of Cooper pairs was demonstrated, using a Nb/n-InGaAs/p-InP heterostructure [EL_Hayashi, PL_Hayashi], called Cooper pair LED [PL_Suemune, R_Suemune]. It has been suggested that the junction could produce entangled photon pairs [Benson, Gywat] needed for quantum information processing and communication. Here we demonstrate an enhanced radiative recombination of electron Copper pairs in inhomogeneous K$_{0.75}$Fe$_{1.75}$Se$_{2}$ (KFS) subjected to laser light upon cooling below superconducting transition temperature $T_{c}$ 28 K. The observation of this phenomena is possible due to fulfillment of the following three conditions: (1) Phase separation in superconducting KFS crystals is realized via naturally occurring heterostructure [mic_Charnukha, TEM_Wang]; (2) Partial Fe-vacancy ordered $n$-type semiconducting regions, sandwiched between Fe-vacancy free SC and vacancy-ordering AFM structure, forming active layers. The electronic structure of those active layer is tuned to induce Cooper pairs by the proximity effect [de Gennes] and/or to accept Cooper pair tunneling from the SC phase. In the active layer, the electron Cooper pair can radiatively recombine with two p-type holes [Asano] produced by laser photoexcitation; (3) In KFS nature provides at least 10$^{9}$ SC/$n$-type semiconducting/AFM insulating junctions per cm$^{3}$. For laser excitation energy of 1.92 eV ($λ$=647.1 nm) and power 0.68 mW focused to the spot of 40x80 $μ$m$^{2}$ the estimated internal quantum efficiency of the natural heterostructure at 10 K in the luminescence range of 700 to 1300 nm is close to 100% and is likely limited by availability of the $p$-type holes.
The relative accuracy of simultaneous same arm, simultaneous opposite arm and sequential same arm measurements in the validation of automated blood pressure measuring devices.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

With the increasing demand for accurate BP measuring devices there comes also the need for validation. Most validation procedures assess the accuracy of a test device against a known standard, most commonly a mercury sphygmomanometer. The best method for assessing device accuracy is to measure BP simultaneously in the same arm with the test device and a mercury sphygmomanometer. This is not always possible because the deflation mechanism of the test device interferes with the ability of an observer to auscultate the Korotkov sounds accurately. In this study a mathematical method of sequential comparison between the test device and a mercury standard in the same arm is described which is almost as accurate as simultaneous measurement in the same arm.
Repeat fetoscopic laser surgery for postlaser twin anemia polycythemia sequence and recurrent twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome: matched outcomes in a single-center cohort‡

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Fetoscopic laser surgery aims to treat Twin-to-Twin Transfusion Syndrome with a single procedure. In rare cases, missed or recanalized anastomoses lead to recurrent disease, either postlaser Twin Anemia Polycythemia Sequence (TAPS) or recurrent Twin-to-Twin Transfusion Syndrome (TTTS). Repeat laser surgery is one possible treatment. To describe our diagnostic and treatment criteria for recurrent disease along with technical strategies to perform repeat laser. We explore the clinical implications of repeat laser surgery by comparing characteristics and outcomes to patients matched for TTTS disease severity that was successfully treated by a single laser surgery. We performed a single-center, matched-case, retrospective analysis. Patients who underwent repeat laser surgery for disease recurrence are described in detail and were matched in a ratio of 1:3 to patients whose TTTS was treated with a single fetoscopic laser surgery. Patients were matched for disease stage, co-existing fetal growth restriction, and gestational age (GA) epoch at first laser (<18, 18–23.9, and ≥24). Gestational age at delivery was the primary outcome measure. Demographics, pregnancy characteristics, procedure details, complications, obstetric, and twin survival outcomes were compared. Continuous data were analyzed using Student’s t or Wilcoxon Rank-Sum test and categorical data were analyzed using Chi squared or Fisher’s exact test. Sixteen (4.8%) of 334 patients met our criteria for recurrent disease after Solomon laser for TTTS: 12 had postlaser TAPS, three had recurrent TTTS, and two had both postlaser TAPS and recurrent TTTS. Repeat laser was performed in 11 (69%) patients. Techniques for repeat laser included carbon dioxide insufflation (2/11), amnioexchange (2/11), contralateral trochar entry (8/11), intentional septostomy (4/11), and entry into the opposite sac (2/11). There was no difference in median gestational age at delivery (31 vs 32.5 weeks, p = 0.228), double birth survival (72.7% vs 87.9%, p = 0.34), or overall perinatal survival (86% vs 91%, p = 0.89) between patients who underwent repeat laser and matched controls. We suggest a standardized approach to diagnosis of postlaser TAPS and recurrent TTTS and technical considerations for performing repeat laser. In patients eligible for repeat laser surgery, it is possible to achieve acceptable outcomes that are comparable to outcomes after single laser in patients matched for TTTS disease severity. These findings should be corroborated in a larger multicenter study, but may be useful to help patient counseling and management when repeat laser surgery is considered for recurrent disease.
Effect of nutrient management on yield attributes and yield of milk thistle (Silybum marianum)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The objective of this experiment is to determine the effect of nitrogen fertilizer dosses on the yield attributed and seed yield of silybum during rabi season 2018-19 towards development of new agrotechnology. For this purpose, different fertilizer dosses were evaluated and their responses were ascertained with respect to yield attributes and economic yield of silybum. The field experiment was conducted to study the effect of four treatments of different nitrogen doses viz., T1 (control), T2 (NPK @ 80:80:60/ha), T3 (NPK @ 100:80:60/ha) and T4 (NPK @ 120:80:60/ha kg NPK ha-1) with the spacing 50*50cm row to row & plant to plant respectively with three replicates. The result showed significant influence of higher nitrogen doses T4 (NPK @ 120:80:60/ha kg NPK ha-1) produced higher economic seed yield (9.35 q/ha-1 ­­) followed by T3 (NPK @ 100:80:60/ha) NPK produced (8.50 q/ha-1 ­) and T2 (NPK @ 80:80:60/ha) produced (6.60 q/ha­­­) seed yield, and lowest seed yield (2.55 q/ha) were recorded in T1(control) without fertilizer. The observation recorded revealed highest economic yield attribute like; plant height (288.00 cm), canopy ( 102.1 * 99.2 cm), number of leaf (10) and highest seed yield (9.35 q/ha) were recorded in T4 application of NPK @ 120:80:60/ha kg NPK ha-1 as compared to other treatments. Therefore, recommended application of NPK @ 120:80:60/ha kg NPK ha-1 is recommended for quality cultivation of silybum to get higher economic yield and return.
Diagnostic and prognostic factors in patients with prostate cancer: a systematic review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives As part of the PIONEER Consortium objectives, we have explored which diagnostic and prognostic factors (DPFs) are available in relation to our previously defined clinician and patient-reported outcomes for prostate cancer (PCa). Design We performed a systematic review to identify validated and non-validated studies. Data sources MEDLINE, Embase and the Cochrane Library were searched on 21 January 2020. Eligibility criteria Only quantitative studies were included. Single studies with fewer than 50 participants, published before 2014 and looking at outcomes which are not prioritised in the PIONEER core outcome set were excluded. Data extraction and synthesis After initial screening, we extracted data following the Checklist for Critical Appraisal and Data Extraction for Systematic Reviews of prognostic factor studies (CHARMS-PF) criteria and discussed the identified factors with a multidisciplinary expert group. The quality of the included papers was scored for applicability and risk of bias using validated tools such as PROBAST, Quality in Prognostic Studies and Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies 2. Results The search identified 6604 studies, from which 489 DPFs were included. Sixty-four of those were internally or externally validated. However, only three studies on diagnostic and seven studies on prognostic factors had a low risk of bias and a low risk concerning applicability. Conclusion Most of the DPFs identified require additional evaluation and validation in properly designed studies before they can be recommended for use in clinical practice. The PIONEER online search tool for DPFs for PCa will enable researchers to understand the quality of the current research and help them design future studies. Ethics and dissemination There are no ethical implications.
Finding Information Faster by Tracing My Colleagues' Trails

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Knowledge workers are confronted with the challenge of efficient information retrieval in enterprises, which is one of the most important barriers to knowledge reuse. This problem has been intensified in recent years by several organizational developments such as increasing data volume and number of data sources. In this chapter, a reference algorithm for enterprise search is developed that integrates aspects from personalized, social, collaborative, and dynamic search to consider the different natures and requirements of enterprise and web search. Because of the modular structure of the algorithm, it can easily be adapted by enterprises to their specificities by concretization. The components that can be configured during the adaptation process are discussed. Furthermore, the performance of a typical instance of the algorithm is investigated through a laboratory experiment. This instance is found to outperform rather traditional approaches to enterprise search.
Anadolu insan topluluğunda alu-ara ilave çeşitliliği üzerine genişletilmiş çalışma

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

In the present study, for estimating the Central Asia contribution to the Anatolia, nine Alu insertion polymorphisms (ACE, PV92, FXIIIB, APO, A25, B65, TPA25, D1, HS4.32 ) in 100 individuals from Anatolia were examined. Alu insertion frequency for these loci were calculated as 0,410; 0,220; 0,579; 0,963; 0,067; 0,667; 0,390; 0,427; and 0,637 respectively and they were found to be in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (p<0,05). Observed insertion frequencies of each loci were compared with those of the previous observations (Dinç, 2003; Comas et al., 2004) and it was found that the present study results were not different than those obtained by Comas et al. (2004). Thus, these two data were pooled (N = 143) and used to examine genetic relationships between populations from Eurasia and Africa. Pairwise Fst statistics indicated that there is higher genetic similarity between Anatolia and all of the Balkans and some of the Caucasian populations. Neighbor Joining (NJ) tree based on Reynold̕s genetic distances and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) both grouped the Anatolian populations with Balkans and some of the Caucasian populations and show clear differentiation of Asian populations from the Anatolian population. The relative genetic contribution of Central Asian genes to the current Anatolian gene pool was quantified using Admix analysis, considering for comparison populations of Balkans (Greek, Romania, Albania and Hungarian) and Central Asia (Uighur, Uzbeks, Tajicks, Kazaks, Kyrgyzes, Dungans). Estimates suggest roughly 28 % contribution from Asia to Anatolia in concordance with the previous estimation (Benedetto et al., 2001).
Non Flory-Schulz ethene oligomerization with titanium-based catalysts

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Cationic monocyclopentadienyl (half-sandwich) titanium complexes are especially known as catalysts for the polymerization of styrene to syndiotactic polystyrene, an important engineering plastic. Recently, the representative complex [Cp*TiMe2][MeB(C6F5)3] was found to effect the (quasi-) living polymerization of propene to high molecular weight atactic polypropene. The resulting polymer displays interesting elastomeric properties. The same catalyst system in toluene solvent produces with ethene short-chain (n-butyl) branched polyethene; a polymer which shows LLDPE-like behavior (LLDPE = Linear Low Density Polyethene, which is normally manufactured by copolymerization of ethene with C4-C8 a-olefins). Half-sandwich titanium compounds thus are very interesting precursors for olefin polymerization catalysts that give access to commercially important polyolefins. Zie: Summary en samenvatting
<title>STARS: the Stellar Absorption and Refraction Sensor</title>

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The Stellar Absorption and Refraction Sensor (STARS) is a compact, large-aperture instrument that combines a UV-IR imaging spectrograph with a co-aligned visible-light imager to make simultaneous absorptive and refractive stellar occultation measurements. The absorption measurements provided by the spectrograph allow the determination of vertical profiles of atmospheric constituents. The coincident refraction observations made by the image yield high-precision measurements of atmospheric density, pressure, and temperature and provide independent knowledge of both the refracted light path and Rayleigh extinction, which are critical in reducing the uncertainty in the retrieved constituent profiles in the lower atmosphere. STARS employs a two-axis gimbaled telescope to acquire and track the star and a two-axis, high-precision, fast-steering mirror to correct for spacecraft jitter and maintain the star within the spectrograph field of view. The relative star position measured by the imager provides position feedback to the active tracking loop of the fast-steering mirror. With funding from NASA's Instrument Incubator Program, a laboratory facility has been developed to demonstrate the overall instrument performance and, in particular, its capability to acquire and track a setting, refracting, and scintillating star, to compensate for various degrees of platform jitter, and to provide the pointing knowledge required for accurate determination of the atmospheric quantities. The combination of built-in image tracking and motion compensation capabilities, small size, and limited spacecraft resource requirements makes STARS and its tracking mechanism suitable for deployment on existing and future commercial spacecraft platforms for applications that require high-precision pointing. In this paper, we present details of the instrument design and its expected performance based on our laboratory tests.
Autofluorescence in eleocytes of some earthworm species.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Immunocompetent cells of earthworms, coelomocytes, comprise adherent amoebocytes and granular eleocytes (chloragocytes). Both cell populations can be expelled via dorsal pores of adult earthworms by exposure to an electric current (4.5 V) for 1 min. Analysis by phase contrast/fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry demonstrated that eleocyte population of several species exhibits a strong autofluorescence. A high percentage (11-35%) of autofluorescent eleocytes was recorded in Allolobophora chlorotica, Dendrodrilus rubidus, Eisenia fetida, and Octolasion sp. (O. cyaneum, O. tyrtaeum tyrtaeum and O. tyrtaeum lacteum). In contrast, autofluorescent coelomocytes were exceptionally scarce (less than 1%) in representative Aporrectodea sp. (A. caliginosa and A. longa) and Lumbricus sp. (L. castaneus, L. festivus, L. rubellus, L. terrestris). Thus, this paper for the first time describes profound intrinsic fluorescence of eleocytes in some--but not all--earthworm species. The function (if any) and inter-species differences of the autofluorescent coelomocytes still remain elusive.