jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
On pain, illness and disability

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The biomedical perspective on management of pain, illness, and disability is analyzed and discussed. Pain and pain behavior are delineated. The distinction between acute and chronic pain, and the potential impact of social and environmental factors on pain behavior are reviewed. Distinctions between pain and suffering and between specific and non-specific pain are drawn and implications for the diagnostic process are considered. The importance of viewing clinical pain in biopsychosocial terms is emphasized and implications of that conceptual shift are reviewed. Attending to the social/environmental context in which patients function leads to an analysis of the social contract between individual and society. Implications of the concept of 'effort-related' on clinician as well as patient is considered. Clinician potential for stifling patient effort is reviewed. Finally implications of a biopsychosocial perspective on facilitation of return to work is considered.
Hangman's fracture: radiologic assessment in 27 cases.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Traumatic spondylolisthesis of C-2, frequently referred to as the hangman's fracture, is typically regarded as a hyperextension injury with rare neurologic sequelae by virtue of decompression of the neural canal. The authors retrospectively evaluated their radiographic experience with this injury in 27 patients over a 24-month period. Lateral cervical spine studies and computed tomography (CT) scans (21 patients) were analyzed. CT studies provided better delineation of the fracture in all 21 patients and significant additional information in five patients (24%). Seven patients (26%) suffered initial neurologic sequelae in association with the C-2 injury. Nine patients had additional sites of fracture, including seven with associated C-1 ring disruption (26%). Extension of the fracture line into the transverse vertebral artery foramen led to vertebral artery injury and cerebellar embolization in one patient. Angiography may be necessary to detect intimal injury to the vertebral arteries when the fracture extends through the transverse foramina and to indicate the need for anticoagulation when clinically feasible.
Perception Formation in Global Negotiations: The Role of Culture and Sacred Value

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

We examine how sacred values, or fundamental beliefs that reflect moral norms, and national culture interact to influence perceptions in cross-cultural negotiation. Perceptions formed toward a negotiator can subsequently affect decision-making, cooperative behavior, outcomes and reputations. Caucasian-American and South Asian-Indian observers viewed an intercultural negotiation with a negative, distributive outcome and rated their perception of a culturally in-group (same culture) versus culturally out-group (different culture) negotiator. Prior to viewing the negotiation, we manipulated observer and negotiator congruency of sacred values via deontological versus instrumental reasoning styles. The results illustrate a "black sheep effect," where observers perceived the cultural in-group negotiator negatively, only when they shared similar sacred values but not when those values were different. In contrast, sacred value congruence did not matter when observers rated the cultural out-group negotiator. Instead, observers' perceptions were heavily influenced by the negotiator's values.
Strontium metabolism in the rebuilding of skeletal tissue

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The relationship between calcium and strontium in bone metabolism is described. Whole body comparisons in the form of balance studies, plasma kinetics, and biochemical bone differences are briefly reviewed. The value of strontium as a qualitative calcium mimetic is established. A procedure of strontium deposition in the bones is presented as a means to study postflight bone rebuilding and to locate areas of inflight demineralization.
What Can Femme Teach us About Pedagogy?

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract Femme, as an analytic, has arguably not gained traction in queer and trans educational studies until recently because both femme and pedagogy are seen as failures . Outlining some reasons why femme and pedagogy both disappoint and provoke in the Halberstam (2011) sense – namely their elusiveness, power-laden origins, and perceived excess/lack – this article proposes femme pedagogy as an erotic relational framework (Lorde, 1978) that merits more thought in queer and trans educational scholarship. Synthesizing traits identified in key papers (Bimm & Feldman, 2020; Burkholder & Keehn, 2024; Davies & Hoskin, 2021, 2022; Fields, 2023), alongside my own musings, this article outlines five tenets for femme pedagogy: (1) failure & repair, (2) softness & hardness (3) intersectional her/hir/historicizing, (4) embodied connection, and (5) joy & desire.
Pass on the Good Vibes: How Social Support is Provided to Nascent Entrepreneurs

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Being interested in how what individuals have influences what they give, we adapt the bidirectional social support hypothesis and the ‘feel good, do good’ hypothesis – both approaching social support as a bidirectional and reciprocal process – to an entrepreneurship context in order to develop an argument of how individuals pass on the good vibes. Specifically, we argue that individuals’ available emotional support from family, friends and special persons impact the likelihood to provide entrepreneurs with informational support. Further, relying on role-alignment theory we challenge the universality of the ‘pass on the good vibes’ hypothesis and argue that the impact of available emotional support on the likelihood to provide informational support depends on the culturally defined norms and expectations associated with the various role-relations (family, friends and special persons) and gender. We test our hypotheses on a national representative dataset collected in Denmark in 2012 consisting of individuals who know a nascent entrepreneur (N=455).
Histomorphological Relationship of Paneth Cells with Stem Cells in the Small Intestine of Indigenous Rabbit at Different Postnatal Ages

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Objective: The project aimed to study the relationship between paneth and stem cells in the developed small intestine of rabbits.Methodology: To conduct this investigation, 48 offspring rabbits at different postnatal ages (1, 10, 15 and 40 days) were collected and set equally into four groups.Results: Microscopic findings revealed absence of paneth cells in the crypts of small intestine of one day aged kits.In 10 days aged suckling puppies and subsequent ages, paneth cells were detected with variable size, structure and density of their cellular granules in relation to different ages and their maturity.Micromorphometric measurements showed lowest mean diameter of paneth cell at the age of 10 days in jejunum and the highest was at the age of 15 days in duodenum.The number of paneth cells was increased with age progress in three segments of small intestine but the lowest mean number of them was at the age of 10 days in duodenum and ileum but the highest was at the age of 40 days in jejunum.The Lgr5 positive intestinal stem cells found at the bases of the villi and at inter-villus spaces even in kits.In 10 days aged suckling puppies, few numbers of mitotic figures was detected in some newly formed crypts.At subsequent ages, a dramatic increase in the number of mitotic figures was recorded in the crypts of Lieberkühn.Conclusion: It can be concluded that paneth cells may enhance the process of intestinal stem cell mitosis and subsequently the growth of the intestine.
Importance of measuring student experience in a short online course for educators

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This case study discusses the importance of measuring student satisfaction in online teaching. Student satisfaction is a crucial metric for any educational institution, regardless of whether it offers face-to-face, conventional education or open, distance and e-learning (ODeL). It is essential that students feel engaged and supported in their learning journey to ensure the best possible outcomes, especially in low-resourced countries such as Eswatini. ODeL have each been shown to provide unique advantages when it comes to student satisfaction due to their flexibility and convenience. However, it is important to note that wanting to recommend a course to someone does not necessarily mean that they were completely satisfied with all aspects of the course. For example, a student may have found a course to be very challenging but still found it valuable and would recommend it to others who are interested in the subject matter. Early on in research on blended and e-learning, it was highlighted that the quality of the instructors and the appropriate design and good facilitation of online learning activities are important determinants that influence student learning and satisfaction. Satisfaction is possibly the most accepted measure of teaching/learning quality and effectiveness. In addition, relevant and appropriate support services (quality) are seen by a substantial body of literature on education as a key factor and great predictor of student satisfaction in a blended/online learning environment. Therefore, measuring student satisfaction can help maintain quality teaching and learning by identifying areas for improvement. The case study also provides best practices for measuring student satisfaction in online teaching. These include using surveys or questionnaires that cover various aspects such as course content, instructor support, technical support, communication channels, assessment methods, among others. It is important to use validated instruments or develop customised ones based on specific needs. Furthermore, it is recommended to collect data at different points during the course delivery to capture changes in student satisfaction over time. The data collected should be analysed and used to inform decision making and improve the quality of teaching and learning. In conclusion, measuring student satisfaction in online teaching is crucial for maintaining quality teaching and learning. OSeL have unique advantages when it comes to student satisfaction, but it is important to ensure that students feel engaged and supported throughout their learning journey. Best practices for measuring student satisfaction include using validated instruments, collecting data at different points during course delivery, analysing data and using it to inform decision making.
Phospholipiduria in 2-bromoethanamine-induced renal papillary necrosis

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The possibility that phospholipid excretion in urine might be a marker of renal papillary necrosis (RPN) induced by 2-bromoethanamine (BEA) was investigated in male Wistar rats following a single i.p. injection in time course and dose-response experiments. Urinary and serum creatinine as well as electrolytes were also measured in parallel to histological examination of tissues. A single i.p. injection of BEA caused a characteristic dose-related change in urinary phospholipids, notably sphingomyelin (SPM), phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) excretion on the first day of treatment. At a lower dose of 30 mg kg -1 BEA, there was no alteration in the levels of the phospholipids; however, significant increases in the excretion of SPM, PC and PE at the 90 and 240 mg kg -1 dose level were observed. There was an early increase in the three phospholipids irrespective of whether the excretion is expressed in units per hour excretion or units per milligram creatinine. The increased excretion of SPM and PC remained over 4 days while PE levels returned to normal after day 1. On day 1, urinary flow rate and creatinine were also increased significantly while there was a significant fall in the levels of some electrolytes (Na + , K + , Cl - ). Parallel histological examination also confirmed the presence of RPN at the two higher doses (90, 240 mg kg -1 ) of BEA. Other measurements such as blood urea nitrogen and the levels of Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ in blood were unaffected at all dose levels of BEA. These results demonstrate the potential of specific urinary phospholipids as diagnostic bio-markers for early renal injury associated with RPN and may provide an important improvement in the non-invasive approach to the therapeutic management of renal diseases, and potentially prevent further degenerative changes.
Acetate platinum(II) compound with 5,7-ditertbutyl-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine that overcomes cisplatin resistance: structural characterization, in vitro cytotoxicity, and kinetic studies

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The reaction of silver acetate with cis-[PtI2(dbtp)2], where dbtp = 5,7-ditertbutyl-1,2,4-triazolo-[1,5-a]pyrimidine, yielded cis-[Pt(OOCCH3)2(dbtp)2]·dmf (1). The complex has been analyzed by multinuclear magnetic resonance (1H, 13C, 15N), IR, and Raman. The compound formed two rotamers in CDCl3 and its spatial structures have been optimized using computational calculation. It was found that head-to-tail rotamer (1a) is more stable than its head-to-head counterpart (1b). In vitro antiproliferative activity against four tumor cell lines (A549, T47D, FaDu, and A2780cis) revealed in all cases significant cytotoxicity (IC50 = 0.26–1.80 μM), possessing IC50 values at least fivefold lower than cisplatin, carboplatin, and oxaliplatin (except A2780cis). The remarkable in vitro activity against T47D and A2780cis suggested the ability to overcome cisplatin resistance in these types of tumor cells. In addition, in vitro toxicity was evaluated against BALB/3T3 and has shown that the lipophilic platinum(II) complex (1) inhibits cell proliferation weaker than cisplatin and oxaliplatin. Additionally, cis-[Pt(OOCCH3)2(dbtp)2]·dmf exhibited selective activity, in contrast to cisplatin or oxaliplatin.
A new tumor marker MCA in breast cancer diagnosis.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The serum concentration of the new tumor marker MCA (mucinous carcinoma associated antigen) was determined by an enzyme immunoassay kit method, which is based on the use of a monoclonal antibody b12. The mean MCA values in breast cancer patients (n = 40) were significantly higher than in patients with benign breast disease (n = 55, p less than 0.001) and in control subjects (n = 37, p less than 0.001). When we used the cut-off level 11 KU/l for MCA, 6/37 (16.2%) of control subjects 7/55 (12.7%) of patients with benign breast disease, 18/40 (45.0%) of all breast cancer patients 11/19 (57.9%) of breast cancer patients with axillary node involvement, and 1/1 breast cancer patient with distant metastases were above this cut-off level. For comparison, at the cut-off level of 5 micrograms/l the CEA test was positive in 7/40 (18%) cancer cases, and in 6/19 (32%) of cancer patients with nodal involvement. Patients with axillary nodal metastasis showed higher values than patients without metastasis in both tests (p less than 0.01). The combination of MCA at 11 KU/l cut-off level and CEA at the 5.0 micrograms/l cut-off level reached the diagnostic sensitivity of 0.53, efficiency of 0.73, and specificity of 0.87. It seems that MCA is a promising tumor marker in breast cancer. Especially high values may have diagnostic significance.
Theory of the Acoustic de Haas-van Alphen Effect

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The de Haas-van Alphen (dHvA) oscillations of the magnetostrictions and the elastic constants are investigated theoretically. The electron band with orthorhombic symmetry is treated in the effective mass approximation. For ω s τ≪1 with the sound-wave angular frequency ω s and the electron life time τ, Landau orbitals are formed in a deformed metal without affecting local ion motions. In this static approximation to the ion motion, the free energy of the electron-lattice system is calculated as a function of strains. This free energy reveals the acoustic dHvA oscillations and proves that their amplitudes strongly depend on both the direction of an applied magnetic field and the strain mode. It is emphasized that the present acoustic dHvA effect can be a good probe into the electronic properties of metals such as the Fermi surface and the electron-lattice coupling.
Service-Based Models to Provide Group Interaction and Dynamism in Collaborative Applications

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Due to the fact that the group playing a core role in the collaborative applications, it is necessary provide models which allow us to supply a shared workspace in which users perform their tasks using shared resources, to coordinate the interaction among users and between them and the shared resources, to facilitate the user access to the collaborative applications and shared resources, to support the dynamic nature of the group, and to separate the data from their presentation, so that different views can be shown from the same data. For these reasons, this paper presents several service-based models intended to manage all these aspects. These are the Access Control, Model-View-Controller, and Shared-Resource Space models, which take part of our layered architectural model for building collaborative applications in heterogeneous environments. These models are incorporated into a proposed architecture for collaborative applications, because they provide group interaction and necessary dynamism that allow to collaborative application adapt to new needs or to scenarios collaborative. Each of these models and their respective services are explained in this paper.
India-Israel defence ties will deepen

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Subject Indian-Israeli cooperation in defence trade and manufacturing. Significance Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s visit to Israel in July raised relations between the two countries to what was described in a joint statement as a "strategic partnership". Defence cooperation featured in talks between Modi and his Israeli counterpart Binyamin Netanyahu. Impacts India will struggle to meet its target of reducing imported defence products by 40% within the next ten years. India’s Oil and Natural Gas Corporation is likely to bid for Israeli offshore oil-and-gas exploration blocks. Closer relations between India and Iran may raise concerns in Israel.
Improved Induction of Somatic Embryo in Watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. et Nakai]

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In order to optimize somatic embryo induction of watermelon, three different explants from three different varieties were used to induce somatic embryo in medium contained BA in combination with either NAA or 2,4-D. ‘Kangbingjingxin’ cotyledon explant with all of PGR combination treatments has a high callus inductivity (75.6%-98.9%), but inductivity of somatic embryo was varied among different PGR combination, the highest inductivity (54.7%) was obtained in medium with BA 3.0 mg/L and NAA 0.05 mg/L. Somatic embryogenesis was different among ‘Kangbingjingxin’, ‘Zaojia 8424’ and ‘Heimeiren’, the inductivity was 46.2%, 34.1% and 15.7% respectively. Callus inductivity of three explants was 88.9%-98.9%, in which callus induced from cotyledon and cotyledon node was mostly embryonic callus while callus from hypocotyl was non-embryonic callus. Somatic embryo inductivity of cotyledon node (62.0%) was significantly higher than cotyledon (46.1%), there is no somatic embryo induced from hypocotyl. However, somatic embryos number per explant of cotyledon node (2.3) was significantly lower than cotyledon (6.0).
Law and Religion in Achaemenid Iran

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This chapter examines religious and legal discourse in Achaemenid Iran. It focuses on two aspects of the Achaemenid period. The first is the characteristics of law, defined by the ruler, and justice, as determined by the ruler, as well as those virtues required from both ruler and subject to guarantee them. The second is Achaemenid legal practice as theorized by an imperial law, which has been the subject of intensive scholarly analysis and debate for the past decade.
Clinical pharmacist interventions in a hospital emergency

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objective: To identify the types of interventions performed by clinical pharmacists in an intensive care unit and in the emergency of a hospital in the interior of Bahia. Methods: Cross-sectional study, carried out in a regional reference hospital for 27 cities, from May to August 2019. A form designed for the research was used, considering the interventions registered in the patient’s medical record. Pearson’s chi-square test was used to compare the proportions of categorical variables. Results: 814 interventions were performed in 102 patients, with a median of 14 and an interquartile range of 23. Of the most frequent interventions, 36.2% were related to drug interactions, with 99.2% being monitored (p<0.001); 10.8% dosage adjustment in renal failure interventions with 72.7% not accepted (p<0.001); 8.5% for dose interval with 73.9% not accepted (p<0.001) and 6.1% of interventions that involved orientation (nursing guidelines) with 73.9% that were monitored (p<0.001). Of the total interventions, 63.8% took place in the intensive care unit, 52.7% in male patients and 66.7% in people aged ≥ 60 years. Regarding the use of alerts, 53.4% of the interventions that were accepted had alerts (p<0.001). 46.7% were directed to the medical team; 44.9% for more than one professional; 5.8% for nurses; and 2.6% for nursing technicians. The drugs related to the interventions performed were grouped according to the ATC classification, as follows: 20.5% in group J-Antiinfectives for systemic use, 18.8% in group A-Alimentary tract and metabolism; 12.4% of the C-Cardiovascular sistem device group. Conclusion: The number of interventions performed, as well as the population and sectors assisted demonstrate the importance of the clinical pharmacist inserted in the multidisciplinary team in the care of critically ill patients.
Can Pre-trained Language Models Understand Chinese Humor?

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Humor understanding is an important and challenging research in natural language processing. As the popularity of pre-trained language models (PLMs), some recent work makes preliminary attempts to adopt PLMs for humor recognition and generation. However, these simple attempts do not substantially answer the question: {\em whether PLMs are capable of humor understanding?} This paper is the first work that systematically investigates the humor understanding ability of PLMs. For this purpose, a comprehensive framework with three evaluation steps and four evaluation tasks is designed. We also construct a comprehensive Chinese humor dataset, which can fully meet all the data requirements of the proposed evaluation framework. Our empirical study on the Chinese humor dataset yields some valuable observations, which are of great guiding value for future optimization of PLMs in humor understanding and generation.