jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Modeling Brain Functional Connectivity Patterns during an Isometric Arm Force Exertion Task at Different Levels of Perceived Exertion: A Graph Theoretical Approach

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The perception of physical exertion is the cognitive sensation of work demands associated with voluntary muscular actions. Measurements of exerted force are crucial for avoiding the risk of overexertion and understanding human physical capability. For this purpose, various physiological measures have been used; however, the state-of-the-art in-force exertion evaluation lacks assessments of underlying neurophysiological signals. The current study applied a graph theoretical approach to investigate the topological changes in the functional brain network induced by predefined force exertion levels for twelve female participants during an isometric arm task and rated their perceived physical comfort levels. The functional connectivity under predefined force exertion levels was assessed using the coherence method for 84 anatomical brain regions of interest at the electroencephalogram (EEG) source level. Then, graph measures were calculated to quantify the network topology for two frequency bands. The results showed that high-level force exertions are associated with brain networks characterized by more significant clustering coefficients (6%), greater modularity (5%), higher global efficiency (9%), and less distance synchronization (25%) under alpha coherence. This study on the neurophysiological basis of physical exertions with various force levels suggests that brain regions communicate and cooperate higher when muscle force exertions increase to meet the demands of physically challenging tasks.
Marx, the Young Hegelians, and the Origins of Radical Social Theory: Dethroning the Self

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This is the first major study of Marx and the Young Hegelians in twenty years. The book offers a new interpretation of Marx's early development, the political dimension of Young Hegelianism, and that movement's relationship to political and intellectual currents in early nineteenth-century Germany. Warren Breckman challenges the orthodox distinction drawn between the exclusively religious concerns of Hegelians in the 1830s and the sociopolitical preoccupations of the 1840s. He shows that there are inextricable connections between the theological, political and social discourses of the Hegelians in the 1830s. The book draws together an account of major figures such as Feuerbach and Marx, with discussions of lesser-known but significant figures such as Eduard Gans, August Cieszkowski, Moses Hess, F. W. J. Schelling as well as such movements as French Saint-Simonianism and 'positive philosophy'. Wide-ranging in scope and synthetic in approach, this is an important book for historians of philosophy, theology, political theory and nineteenth-century ideas
Glucocorticoids induce focus formation and increase sarcoma viral expression in a mink cell line that contains a murine sarcoma viral genome

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Dexamethasone (3 X 10(-10) to 3 X 10(-6) M) induced foci of morphologically transformed cells in a small proportion of a mink cell line that contains the Moloney murine sarcoma viral genome (S+L-). The induction was glucocorticoid specific, since other steroids with glucocorticoid activity (prednisolone, cortisol, and aldosterone) induced foci with an efficiency that paralleled their glucocorticoid activity, and steroids lacking glucocorticoid activity (17B-estradiol, testosterone, and progesterone) failed to induce foci. Viral antigen, as measured by specific immunofluorescence, was localized to the foci. The induction of foci by dexamethasone (3 X 10(-7)) was accompanied by an approximately 10-fold increase in intracellular Moloney murine sarcoma virus-specific RNA and viral p30 antigen. Removal of dexamethasone was followed by the disappearance of foci and a decrease in viral RNA and p30. In this cell system, therefore, glucocorticoids can affect the intracellular levels of type C viral RNA and protein.
U.S. Individual Income Tax Return Simulated Data: A Methodology

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

ABSTRACT This paper proposes and tests a methodology for the development of simulated data for individual income tax returns in the U.S., enabling students of taxation and accounting, and other interested parties, to examine changes to the tax code, the effects of tax planning alternatives, and conduct repeated experimental testing on tax return data. The simulation draws insight from statistical and economic literature into the stochastic nature of certain line items from the tax returns, using the information provided by the Internal Revenue Service's (IRS) Statistics of Income (SOI) program. The simulation produced data for 147,000 tax returns, representing ∼1 percent of the population of filed tax returns, and was then validated against the results of the summary data provided by IRS SOI. Our simulated data closely matched the number and combined dollar value of the IRS SOI summary data at the AGI, state, and filing status levels.
Charlotte Mason’s pedagogical approach: embedded outdoor and experiential learning

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Drawing on the high value Charlotte Maria Shaw Mason placed upon nature, experience, and the outdoor life, this monograph explores the benefits outdoor learning can bring to teaching today. Illustrating the experiences of a sample school’s commitment to achieve this, the monograph considers how the outdoors can connect children to their learning using the immediate environment available to them. Mason’s philosophy recognised this and recommended children access fresh air daily and become intimate with the local flora and fauna. Today, not all settings have access to high-quality outdoor spaces, and constraints within the school system can be perceived as barriers to taking children out of doors. However, by championing the outdoors, motivating staff, and allocating time for professional development, challenges encountered can be successfully confronted as outlined in this booklet. Considering Mason’s philosophy of using the outdoors together with a modern approach based on experience, current writers, and a case study, this booklet provides ideas and practical advice for how outdoor learning could extend to any curriculum area.
World Cruise, 1932–3: I

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

From Hiralal Amritlal Shah, 'Bernard Shaw in Bombay', Shaw Bulletin, November 1956; first published in Gujarati in Prabuddha Jain (Bombay), 15 November 1950. On 15 December 1932 the Shaws embarked on the Empress of Britain at Monaco for a cruise round the world. Their first port of call after passing through the Suez Canal was Bombay, where the Empress anchored offshore from 8 to 16 January 1933. Shaw had expressed a wish to see the Jain temples and Hiralal Shah took him out in his own commodious, chauffeur-driven Delage touring car. After they had visited one temple, Shah proposed another and Shaw willingly agreed. Jainism, which resembles Buddhism, was an offshoot of the central Vedic religious tradition in India, differing in its belief that one may escape the endless cycle of rebirth, punishment or reward by attaining a true understanding of human life. The first man to do this was the Jina, and he and others who have succeeded are called Tirthankaras. Although Jainism had virtually no mythology in its original pure form, legends and the miraculous soon attached themselves to it.
Spectrum of Mutations and Long-Term Clinical Outcomes in Genetic Chylomicronemia Syndromes

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: Familial chylomicronemia syndrome (FCS) and multifactorial chylomicronemia syndrome (MCS) are the prototypes of monogenic and polygenic conditions underlying genetically based severe hypertriglyceridemia. These conditions have been only partially investigated so that a systematic comparison of their characteristics remains incomplete. We aim to compare genetic profiles and clinical outcomes in FCS and MCS. Approach and Results: Thirty-two patients with severe hypertriglyceridemia (triglyceride >1000 mg/dL despite lipid-lowering treatments with or without history of acute pancreatitis) were enrolled. Rare and common variants were screened using a panel of 18 triglyceride-raising genes, including the canonical LPL , APOC2 , APOA5 , GP1HBP1 , and LMF1 . Clinical information was collected retrospectively for a median period of 44 months. Across the study population, 37.5% were classified as FCS due to the presence of biallelic, rare mutations and 59.4% as MCS due to homozygosity for nonpathogenic or heterozygosity for pathogenic variants in canonical genes, as well as for rare and low frequency variants in noncanonical genes. As compared with MCS, FCS patients showed a lower age of hypertriglyceridemia onset, higher levels of on-treatment triglycerides, and 3-fold higher incidence rate of acute pancreatitis. Conclusions: Our data indicate that the genetic architecture and natural history of FCS and MCS are different. FCS expressed the most severe clinical phenotype as determined by resistance to triglyceride-lowering medications and higher incidence of acute pancreatitis episodes. The most common genetic abnormality underlying FCS was represented by biallelic mutations in LPL while APOA5 variants, in combination with high rare polygenic burden, were the most frequent genotype of MCS.
Cross-Dataset Music Emotion Recognition: an End-to-End Approach

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The topic of Music Emotion Recognition (MER) evolved as music is a fascinating expression of emotions, yet it faces challenges given its subjectivity. Because each language has its particularities in terms of sound and intonation, and implicitly associations made upon them, we hypothesize perceived emotions might vary in different cultures. To address this issue, we test a novel approach towards emotion detection and propose a language sensitive end-to-end model that learns to tag emotions from music with lyrics in English, Mandarin and Turkish.
Chiral-Anion-Mediated Asymmetric Heck–Matsuda Reaction of Acyclic Alkenyl Alcohols

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Acyclic internal alkenes are a class of challenging substrates in asymmetric Heck-type reactions due to difficulties related to both reactivity and selectivity control. Employing acyclic alkenyl alcohols, an asymmetric Heck-Matsuda reaction is developed through the strategy of chiral anion phase transfer. Various chiral ketones could be obtained in high levels of enantioselectivity. A catalytic amount of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as an additive is crucial for the reaction to suppress the palladium-hydride-mediated side reactions.
A Comparative Study of Negro and White Children on Melodic and Harmonic Sensitivity

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM There have been many studies made of music talent and nationality. Out of the many racial groups studied, the Negro has probably been subjected to the most searching analysis. In the field of music, he is being closely studied with the result that much significant information of educational importance is being uncovered. The procedure in testing the Negro for musical talent has been along lines of comparison with other nationalities and with native whites in particular. Many types and kinds of tests are being made which measure extensively many phases of music fundamentals. Items of pitch, rhythm, time, consonance, melodic and harmonic discrimination, etc., make up the bulk of the testing material now available. The study here presented is based upon a comparison of scores earned by Negro and white children on tests of Melodic and Harmonic Sensitivity. It is an attempt to obtain further knowledge on the musical talent of the Negro by comparison with native whites. This particular study was undertaken with the purpose of yielding more educationally reliable findings on the potential talent and training needs of the Negro. From other studies similar to this one, we get conflicting results. Some show the Negroes to be superior to the whites. Some studies reveal the Negro to rank higher in certain measurements involving the measurement of rhythm. Again, results have shown in some instances no difference of any importance between the Negro and the white. Public opinion gives the Negro a rather good musical reputation. How has this reputation, deserved or undeserved, been earned? The educator as a research student is eager to learn whether the Negro is comparable to the white, and, if differences exist, what educational implications are involved. Common beliefs, therefore, have to be broken down and new concepts set up, backed by statistically reliable information. The general opinion of those who have sought to answer these questions is, that the Negro is intellectually inferior to the white race. The greatest deficiency is thought to be in analysis, judgment, reasoning, and simple understanding. The reason for this could be the lack of adequate educational facilities for the Negro. It has only been for the past 65 years that free education has been made available to the Negro. Sixty-five years cannot build standards of achievement that will be on a level with the educational standards of the native whites. However, the Negro may not be the equal of the whites intellectually for some contend that he is inferior in endowment and mental equipment. This study was undertaken with these thoughts in mind. Research of
ChemInform Abstract: An Oxygen Sensor Using a Process of High‐Temperature Oxidation of Metal.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Characterization of 3d topological insulators by 2d invariants

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The prediction of non-trivial topological phases in Bloch insulators in three dimensions has recently been experimentally verified. Here, I provide a picture for obtaining the $Z_{2}$ invariants for a three dimensional topological insulator by deforming suitable 2d planes in momentum space and by using a formula for the 2d $Z_{2}$ invariant based on the Chern number. The physical interpretation of this formula is also clarified through the connection between this formulation of the $Z_{2}$ invariant and the quantization of spin Hall conductance in two dimensions.
Clinical observation on Songlingxuemaikang combined with losartan in treatment of female menopausal bypertension

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To explore the effect of Songlingxuemaikang combined with losartan on the blood pressure and quality of life in female patients with menopausal hypertension.Methods 87 female patients with menopausal hypertension were randomly divided into combined group (Songlingxuemaikang combined with losartan group,44 cases) and the control group(losartan alone,43 cases).Before and after treatment the ambulatory blood pressure (ABMP) was monitored for 24h,and blood lipids and clinical symptoms were observed.Results After two months treatment,the blood pressure variability and nighttime blood pressure decrease rate of the combination group significantly reduced,and better than those of the control group( all P ＜0.05) ;The effective rate and efficiency rate of the combination group were 90.9％,63.6％ respectively,and was higher than 74.4％,39.5％ in the control group( x2 =4.15,5.06,all P ＜ 0.05 ).The clinical symptoms improving,total cholesterol ( TC ) reducing,density lipoprotein (LDL-C) lowing in the combination group was superior to the control group( all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Songlingxuemaikang combined with losartan in treatment of female patients with menopausal hypertension had a good antihypertensive effect,and could reduce blood pressure variability in menopausal women,improve the symptoms of menopause and lipid metabolism,incresse the quality of lfie of patients with menopausal hypertensive.

Key words:
Menopausal syndrome; Hypertension; Female; Songlingxuemaikang; Losartan
An investigation on the carrier rate of hepatitis B virus in university students.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: To investigate the rate of HBsAg carrier of college students and the dynamic change of the rate during the college period.And to provide the theoretical basis for the prevention against hepatitis B virus(HBV) of college students.Methods: A survey including the physical examination of new students and graduate students was conducted to all students of grade 2000 in a university.HBsAg was tested by enzyme linked immunity sorbed assay(ELISA).SPSS13.0 was used for statistic analysis.Results: A total of 6 244 students participated,and the rate of HBsAg carrier of new students was 5.7%(358/6 244).There were no difference between the gender,speciality and district in the new students.But in the graduate students,the rate of HBsAg carrier of medical students was significantly higher than that of other speciality students.And the rate of male was significantly higher than that of female.There were 26 becoming negative among 358 HBsAg carrier(7.3%).Conclusion: College students maybe affected by HBV during college period.They are the important population of HBV prevetion that should not be neglected.
Synthesis of 4-Hydroxy-3-quinolinecarboxylic Acid Derivatives by a Condensation/Cyclization Sequence between o-Isocyanobenzoates and Magnesium Enolates

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Addition of magnesium ester and amide enolates, generated using an excess amount of a magnesium amide (from diisopropylamine and ethylmagnesium bromide), to o-isocyanobenzoates affords 4-hydroxy-3-quinolinecarboxylic esters and amides by a tandem Claisen-type condensation/cyclization sequence.
Non Agricultural Employment and Poverty in India - An Analysis Based on the 60 th Round of NSS 1

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Using the National Sample Survey (NSS) household data for 2004, we analyse the determinants of individual participation in non-agricultural activities in rural and urban India. First, a multinomial logit estimation (MLE) is carried out to throw light on the determinants of (i) labour market participation of individuals as workers in agricultural and non-agricultural activities, and of (ii) self-employment in these two groups of activities. School and technical education, on the hand, and infrastructure (measured, for example, by road length per 100 square kilometres, number of telephone and mobile phone connections per 100 people), on the other, shape these choices, among other factors. Second, based on an MLE, the determinants of employment within non-farm activities (e.g. food processing, manufacturing and trading) are analysed. Again, school and technical education, and infrastructure have important roles. Other variables matter too. Those from socially disadvantaged groups (scheduled tribes or castes), for example, have lower probabilities of employment in manufacturing and trading. Finally, some forms of employment in non-agricultural activities have significant poverty reducing or welfare enhancing effects. Self-employment in non-agriculture is a case in point. Contrary to a widespread presumption in the development literature that non-farm activities expand easily to reduce poverty, it is emphasised that both poverty reduction and participation in non-agricultural activities depend on infrastructural development. Controlling for these and other effects, greater participation in non-agricultural activities reduces poverty.
[Effects of the activity of superoxide dismutase in blood serum and gingival tissues of rabbit in periodontitis model after hypoxia exposure at high altitude].

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

The growth state of the body and the balance of bioconversion were affected in hypoxia environment when exposed at high altitude. The activity of SOD in total body and local tissues were decreased, thus the superoxide free radicals were accumulated in the body, especially in local periodontal tissues. Therefore it can accelerate and aggravate the destruction of periodontal tissues.
Post-Islamic Classicism: A Visual Essay on the Architecture of Mohamed Makiya

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Metamorphosing dead Abbasid forms into living modern architecture lies at the roots of Mohamed Makiya's classicism as an architect. This essay charts the stages of this metamorphosis from the Khulafa Mosque (1963) and the Kuwait State Mosque (one of the largest in the world) through to the vast and visionary schemes for Iraq of the late 1980s. Makijy's formally complex and nuanced architecture, the author argues, is continuous, harmonious, and celebratory of an Islamic past. It is there too innocent, too romantic to be post-modern in its sensibility, nor does it assume the revolution in values that modernism brought in its wake. None the less, many of modernism's discoveries about materials and space-making are deployed in an original way. The uneven combination between what is acquired from the modern, and mythologized about the past, is what makes Makiya's architectural vision unique, so unlike that of any of his contemporaries. In the final analysis, the architecture's dogged consistency in this regard is the source of its beauty.