jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Lessons from polyclinics in Central and Eastern Europe

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

762

Objectives:

PET with 89Zirconium (89Zr) labeled monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) can be used for invivo quantification of antibody biodistribution and may improve prediction of efficacy and toxicity of mAb treatment. Knowledge about repeatability of these measurements is required to ensure correct interpretation, especially when assessing differences between antibody biodistributions. However, repeatability of 89Zr-mAb PET is unknown, as radiation exposure is significant, thereby limiting test-retest studies. The aim of this study was to estimate the contribution of image reconstruction to the repeatability of tissue uptake of 89Zr-mAb for quantification of antibody biodistribution.

Methods:

Three clinical 89Zr-mAb PET datasets were included: 89Zr-antiCD20 (1, 72, 144 h post injection (p.i.) of 74MBq, n=7), 89Zr-cetuximab (1, 72, 144 h p.i. of 37MBq, n=7) and 89Zr-antiCD44 (1, 24, 96 h p.i. of 37MBq, n=13). For all original images tissue volumes of interest (VOI) were defined. Manual delineation of complete organs (volume range 107-4377 mL) was used to obtain liver, spleen, lung, kidney and brain VOI. Fixed size VOI of 2.1 and 8.6 mL were placed in aortic arch and lumbar vertebrae to sample blood pool and bone marrow, respectively. Next, original PET list mode data were split before reconstruction, simulating test-retest scans. All VOI were applied to these test-retest scans. Mean activity concentrations (AC) were derived from these VOI. Repeatability was assessed using Bland-Altman plots (percentage difference versus mean activity concentration in Bq/mL, limits of agreement (LOA)), and repeatability coefficients (RC) were calculated (1.96xSD of the mean percentage difference).

Results:

Repeatability for all mAbs decreased with time. For 89Zr-antiCD44 (18MBq), RCs were 8.0, 10.4 and 16.5% at 1, 24 and 96 h p.i., respectively. RCs for larger, manual VOIs were 7.2%, while RCs for smaller, fixed size VOIs were 28% at 96 h p.i. (Figure 1). For 89Zr-antiCD20 (18MBq)/89Zr-cetuximab (18MBq), RCs for all VOIs were 13.7/9.9, 17.9/14.9 and 26.1/24.6% at 1, 72 and 144 h p.i., respectively. For a higher injected dose, repeatability improved. For 37MBq of 89Zr-antiCD20, RCs were 8.2, 9.9 and 22.6% at 1, 72 and 144 hours p.i., respectively.

Conclusion:

For large, manually delineated tissue VOI a lower RC was obtained compared with smaller, fixed sized VOI. In general, RC of tissue uptake of 89Zr-mAb was around 15 and 25% for imaging at 72 and 144 h p.i., respectively. Changes in biodistribution beyond this established range of repeatability are likely due to biological effects. Research Support: - $$graphic_7D3F9C3F-3A10-4459-AF40-D0C6909F7559$$
SUITE SIXTEEN

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Performer: FRANK DAILEY'S MEADOWBROOKS Writer: Meyers; Kassel; Schoebel Fox-trot. Digitized at 78 revolutions per minute. Four stylii were used to transfer this record. They are 3.5mil truncated eliptical, 2.3mil truncated conical, 2.8mil truncated conical, 3.3mil truncated conical. These were recorded flat and then also equalized with Turnover: 500.0. The preferred versions suggested by an audio engineer at George Blood, L.P. have been copied to have the more friendly filenames. Matrix number: 345B Catalog number: 345-B
Preliminary study on the galectin molecular diversity in Moroccoan Phlebotomus papatasi sandfly population.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Sequence variations of PpGalec was analyzed in 31 P. papatasi specimens collected from endemic and non-endemic zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis foci of Morocco. Among the 211 amino acid positions analyzed, 11 are subjected to mutation. Interestingly, we observe that one mutation directly affect an amino acid known to be involved in the substrate recognition by galectin. The repercussion of this polymorphism on the capacity of the galectin to efficiently bind the L. major Lipophosphoglycane (LPG) awaits further investigations.
Crystallinity Dependence of the Plasmon Resonant Raman Scattering by Anisotropic Gold Nanocrystals

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Au nanocrystals (NCs) with different crystalline structures and related morphologies are unselectively synthesized using an organometallic route. The acoustic vibrations of these NCs are studied by plasmon mediated low-frequency Raman scattering (LFRS). A splitting of the quadrupolar vibration mode is pointed out in the LFRS spectrum. Comparison of the measured frequencies with calculations and careful examination of the NCs morphologies by transmission electron microscopy ascertain this splitting as being an effect of crystallinity. The excitation dependence of the LFRS spectra is interpreted by the shape-selection of the NCs <i>via</i> plasmon−vibration coupling. These results give new insights into the crystallinity influence on both the vibrations of the NCs and their coupling with plasmons and demonstrate the relevance of elastic anisotropy in monodomain NCs.
Referrals – practitioner, patient & specialist obligations

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

The profession of dentistry has both benevolent and protective aspects with regards to duty of care to patients, to always try to do the best for the patients and to fulfill the principle of non-maleficence - to do no harm. This principle expresses the concept that professionals have a duty to protect the patient from harm. Under this principle, the dentist's primary obligations include keeping knowledge and skills current, knowing one's own limitations and when to refer to a specialist or other professional. All dentists, whether generalists or specialists, have both legal and ethical responsibilities to their patients - legally they need to exercise reasonable skill and care and ethically they are obligated to always put the best interests of the patients first (above personal or professional interests) and to carry out treatment to the standard of care set by the profession.
Electromyographic Activity Recorded from an Unexercised Muscle During Maximal Isometric Exercise of the Contralateral Agonists and Antagonists

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to determine if integrated electromyographic activity recorded from an unexercised muscle during contralateral exercise was dependent upon the contralateral muscle (agonist or antagonist) being exercised and upon the position of the unexercised limb. Twenty normal subjects participated in the study. Electromyographic activity was recorded, using surface electrodes, from the right rectus femoris and the right vastus lateralis muscles during four experimental conditions. Statistical analysis revealed that 1) integrated electromyographic activity recorded from the rectus femoris muscle during contralateral, isometric exercise was not significantly influenced by the position of the unexercised knee or the exercised contralateral muscle and 2) integrated electromyographic activity recorded from the vastus lateralis muscle during contralateral, isometric exercise was significantly greater when the unexercised knee was initially positioned in 10 degrees of flexion and the contralateral agonists were exercised. Integrated electromyographic activity recorded during contralateral exercise appeared to be related to the associated movement of the unexercised limb.
TLR Activation By MSC Derived Extracellular Vesicles Drives Myeloid Commitment

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC) are responsive to paracrine signaling in the bone marrow microenvironment. We recently showed that leukemia derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) directly regulate HSPC in the leukemic niche and confer a net loss of progenitor function in part through direct action of a highly abundant miRNA on the hematopoietic transcription factor c-Myb. These observations motivated us to explore the potential regulation of HSPC by EVs present during steady state hematopoiesis in the unperturbed bone marrow. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) comprise a diverse set of cells secreting supportive factors central to the maintenance of HSPC. We systematically characterized EVs released by murine MSCs as a candidate population and demonstrated that EVs themselves carry cytokines, predominantly interleukin (IL) -1, -2, -4,-6 and -17A, as well as G-CSF and Interferon g. As a functional corollary, we found that MSC EVs led to preferential granulocyte and monocyte differentiation in co-culture with C-kit enriched HSPCs, when compared to vesicle free condition (termed S100). These observations were further supported by the expansion of KSL (c-kit+,Sca-1+,lin-) and MPP2-4 (CD48+, CD150+/-) progenitor populations. To determine the in vivo relevance of these findings we performed a series of competitive transplantation experiments, that demonstrated that MSC-EV exposed HSPCs outperformed HSPCs cultured with EV depleted media, with striking advantage in early, but a significant deficit in later (week 16) myeloid recovery, compared to the S100 condition. These observations were broadly consistent with recent evidence for HSPC regulation by toll like receptors (TLRs) and we confirmed that the observed deficit in progenitor phenotypes was partially reversed in MSC-EV co-cultures with HSPCs from animals with genetic disruption of TLR4 or MyD88. EV-TLR engagement further induced a NF-kB response with downstream transcriptional activation of canonical transcriptional targets (STAT1, IRF1, -9) and significantly upregulated the release of IL-3, -6, IFNg, and G-CSF in exposed WT HSPC, compared with S100. Finally, we performed deconvolution microscopy studies of co-cultured HSPC and demonstrated the Pearson's spatial correlation between fluorescently tagged MSC-EV and TLR4 as well as the early and late endosomal marker proteins, Rab5 and Rab7, respectively. We conclude that MSC-derived EV trafficking of TLR contributes to the homeostatic regulation of HSPCs in the bone marrow microenvironment as a mechanism of tonic regulation of hematopoiesis. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
INVESTIGATION OF KAOLIN BASED ONE PART GEOPOLYMERS

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Kaolin based one-part geopolymers (produced by adding water to preground aluminosilicate+alkali mixture) were produced in this study. Effect of and silica fume addition and prewaiting time on microstructure, mechanical and mineralogical properties of geopolymers evaluated with X–ray Fluorescence (XRF), X–ray diffractometer (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer (FT–IR). Kaolin based one-part geopolymers gained 7-day compressive strength of 66.73 MPa while silica fume addition enhanced the strength up to 88.57 MPa.
Cost and turn-around time display decreases inpatient ordering of reference laboratory tests: a time series

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objective Reference tests, also known as send-out tests, are commonly ordered laboratory tests with variable costs and turn-around times. We aim to examine the effects of displaying reference laboratory costs and turn-around times during computerised physician order entry (CPOE) on inpatient physician ordering behaviour. Design We conducted a prospective observational study at a tertiary care hospital involving inpatient attending physicians and residents. Physician ordering behaviour was prospectively observed between September 2010 and December 2012. An intervention was implemented to display cost and turn-around time for reference tests within our CPOE. We examined changes in the mean number of monthly physician orders per inpatient day at risk, the mean cost per order, and the average turn-around time per order. Results After our intervention, the mean number of monthly physician orders per inpatient day at risk decreased by 26% (51 vs 38, p<0.0001) with a decrease in mean cost per order (US$146.50 vs US$134.20, p=0.0004). There were no significant differences in mean turn-around time per order (5.6 vs 5.7 days, p=0.057). A stratified analysis of both cost and turn-around time showed significant decreases in physician ordering. The intervention projected a mean annual savings of US$330 439. Reference test cost and turn-around time variables were poorly correlated (r=0.2). These findings occurred in the setting of non-significant change to physician ordering in a control cohort of non-reference laboratory tests. Conclusions Display of reference laboratory cost and turn-around time data during real-time ordering may result in significant decreases in ordering of reference laboratory tests with subsequent cost savings.
Virtual Radicalisation: Challenges for Police

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Recent advances in communications technology are providing a medium for individuals or groups to subscribe to extremist worldviews and form networks, access training and obtain information, whilst remaining virtually undetected in the online world. Whilst the Internet is facilitating global virtual communities like Second Life, MySpace and Facebook it is also providing an anonymous meeting place for disenfranchised individuals to gather, share ideas, post and exchange information regarding their particular ideology. This virtual community provides a sense of belonging to a global cause in which the actions of an individual can be aligned to, and seen to contribute towards something more significant than their own lives. Membership of this virtual community can facilitate the indoctrination of individuals, thereby negating psychological barriers that would normally inhibit particular types of behaviour. Terrorist groups operate as amorphous, fluid networks providing them significant advantages over rigidly structured state and nation based law enforcement agencies. In addition terrorist groups are exploiting the combination of rapidly evolving technology and incommodious legislation to prevent detection.
Hiv related admissions in a psychiatric hospital a five year profile.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Recent reports have indicated an increasing prevalence of HIV infection in the mentally ill. Reports have also emphasised the etiological role of HIV infection in psychiatric illness. The aim of this study was to assess the clinical and risk profile of psychiatric inpatients found seropositive for HIV infection. All psychiatric inpatients from a psychiatric hospital who tested positive for HI V infection over a five year period were assessed. The assessments included a detailed clinical history, psychiatric assessment and risk behaviour evaluation. Of the 2283 psychiatric patients tested, 51 were found to be seropositive. 43 patients were included in the study. 30 (69.7%) had a diagnosis of alcohol dependence, of which, 11 patients had comorbid psychiatnc diagnosis in the form of affective disorders (23%) and psychosis (14%). Personality disorders were seen in 9 patients. In 19% the clinical manifestation was considered to be etiologically related to HIV infection. The predominant risk behaviour was in the form of multiple partner heterosexual contacts. In several patients the risk behaviour had occurred during an episode of mental illness or under the influence of alcohol. The study demonstrates the importance of detecting and describing HIV infection and its manifestation among psychiatric patients.
Assessment of balance, gait, lower limb strength and functionality in sarcopenic and non-sarcopenic elderlies

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: Sarcopenia is the involuntary loss of muscle mass predicted by aging and is associated with an increased likelihood ofunfavorable results, such as falls, mortality and functional disabilities. Objective: Evaluate balance, gait speed, lower limb strength andfunctionality in sarcopenic and non-sarcopenic elderly. Methods: Cross-sectional study, carried out with 68 subjects aged 60 years orover, residents of the community and possessing an independent gait. The assessment instruments were bioimpedance, balance test,four-meter gait speed test, chair support test and SPPB. Results: The prevalence of sarcopenia in the population of the present studywas 43.3%. In the group of non-sarcopenic subjects, a correlation was found between all the variables evaluated. In the group ofsarcopenic subjects, a correlation was found between lower limbs strength and gait speed. Conclusion: The skeletal muscle mass ofa sarcopenic elderly is related to their lower limb strength and gait speed, but it does not present a significant correlation with balanceand functional performance. Further studies are needed to clarify the behavior of balance, gait speed, lower limb strength and functionalperformance variables when compared to the decrease in muscle mass inherent in aging.
Gravitational Lensing in Presence of Plasma: Strong Lens Systems, Black Hole Lensing and Shadow

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

In this article, we present an overview of the new developments in problems of the plasma influence on the effects of gravitational lensing, complemented by pieces of new material and relevant discussions. Deflection of light in the presence of gravity and plasma is determined by a complex combination of various physical phenomena: gravity, dispersion, refraction. In particular, the gravitational deflection itself, in a homogeneous plasma without refraction, differs from the vacuum one and depends on the frequency of the photon. In an inhomogeneous plasma, chromatic refraction also takes place. We describe chromatic effects in strong lens systems including a shift of angular position of image and a change in magnification. We also investigate high-order images that arise when lensing on a black hole surrounded by homogeneous plasma. The recent results of analytical studies of the effect of plasma on the shadow of the Schwarzschild and Kerr black holes are presented.
Data from Single-Cell Profiling of Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma Reveals Underlying Heterogeneity Associated with Disease Progression

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<div>AbstractPurpose:<p>Cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCL), encompassing a spectrum of T-cell lymphoproliferative disorders involving the skin, have collectively increased in incidence over the last 40 years. Sézary syndrome is an aggressive form of CTCL characterized by significant presence of malignant cells in both the blood and skin. The guarded prognosis for Sézary syndrome reflects a lack of reliably effective therapy, due, in part, to an incomplete understanding of disease pathogenesis.</p>Experimental Design:<p>Using single-cell sequencing of RNA and the machine-learning reverse graph embedding approach in the Monocle package, we defined a model featuring distinct transcriptomic states within Sézary syndrome. Gene expression used to differentiate the unique transcriptional states were further used to develop a boosted tree classification for early versus late CTCL disease.</p>Results:<p>Our analysis showed the involvement of <i>FOXP3</i><sup>+</sup> malignant T cells during clonal evolution, transitioning from <i>FOXP3</i><sup>+</sup> T cells to <i>GATA3</i><sup>+</sup> or <i>IKZF2</i><sup>+</sup> (HELIOS) tumor cells. Transcriptomic diversities in a clonal tumor can be used to predict disease stage, and we were able to characterize a gene signature that predicts disease stage with close to 80% accuracy. <i>FOXP3</i> was found to be the most important factor to predict early disease in CTCL, along with another 19 genes used to predict CTCL stage.</p>Conclusions:<p>This work offers insight into the heterogeneity of Sézary syndrome, providing better understanding of the transcriptomic diversities within a clonal tumor. This transcriptional heterogeneity can predict tumor stage and thereby offer guidance for therapy.</p></div>
Varietal Seed Classification and Seed Germination Prediction System

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Seed classification and germination prediction are crucial aspects of modern agriculture and ecosystem restoration. Seeds are vital for agriculture and biodiversity conservation, and their accurate classification and germination prediction are crucial for sustainable farming practices. This literature survey paper presents a detailed summary of various machine learning techniques employed for performing seed classification and germination prediction. The paper reviews the latest research, methodologies, and datasets employed in performing seed classification and germination prediction tasks. It also highlights the challenges and opportunities in this domain, including the integration of advanced deep learning models, multispectral imaging, and sensor technologies. The objective of our research is to investigate the impact of environmental factors on the germination potential of diverse seed types, classify seeds based on their physiological characteristics, and develop predictive models for estimating germination timing under varying conditions. By synthesizing existing knowledge, this review aims to establish a basis for future research and advancements in seed-related applications of machine learning.
REPORTING BUDDHISM IN TAIWAN

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Through analyzing news coverage of Buddhist events and utilizing interviews with key actors in media and Buddhism, this paper explores the implications of the increasing prominence of Buddhism in Taiwan. Specifically, the paper assesses both the position of Buddhism in contemporary Taiwanese society and the media–Buddhism relationship. I argue that the social power of Buddhism has affected how Buddhist events are covered in the news media and examine how the portrayals have shaped (or been shaped by) people's understanding of the religion. I also argue that the symbiotic relationship between the media and Buddhism in recent decades has seriously undercut journalistic professionalism in Taiwan.
Is the European Parliament committed to liberal democracy anymore? : the political discourse in the European parliament : norm contestation of liberal democracy

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper deals with the (reactive and proactive) contestation of norms of liberal democracy inside the European Parliament (EP), particularly by Members of the EP (MEPs). The focus is on key plenary debates relating to developments in Hungary, Poland, Malta, Romania and Spain. By using discourse analysis, the researcher first, assesses the contested interpretations of liberal democracy among MEPs and second, reveals the underlying patterns of position taking by taking into account regional and EP party group affinities. It shows that some values and norms that the EU basically has been founded upon are being eroded by the new profiles of normative contestation that however strongly pertain to ideological considerations. The results yield that a transformative change depends on the outcome of the European Parliament elections this May.