jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Actual issues of production and use of immunological drugs from human blood plasma in modern medicine (based on the materials of the First Intercontinental Academy on Immunology and Congenital Angioedema)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

One of the fundamentals of high-tech therapy in immunology, neurology, hematology-oncology and other areas of medicine is the use of immunological drugs isolated from the blood plasma of healthy donors. It is known that the indications and the routes of drug administration (in particular, immunoglobulins) are based on numerous studies of its efficiency in various diseases, traditionally the attention of physicians is precisely focused on it. However, in the 21st century, the safety and convenience for the patient and medical personnel are no less important. The article presents a modern manufacturing enterprise of blood plasma preparations and data on its application in the field of immunology, hematology-oncology and neurology according to the First Intercontinental Academy on Immunology and Congenital Angioedema.
RNAcode_Web – Convenient identification of evolutionary conserved protein coding regions

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The differentiation of regions with coding potential from non-coding regions remains a key task in computational biology. Methods such as RNAcode that exploit patterns of sequence conservation for this task have a substantial advantage in classification accuracy in particular for short coding sequences, compared to methods that rely on a single input sequence. However, they require sequence alignments as input. Frequently, suitable multiple sequence alignments are not readily available and are tedious, and sometimes difficult to construct. We therefore introduce here a new web service that provides access to the well-known coding sequence detector RNAcode with minimal user overhead. It requires as input only a single target nucleotide sequence. The service automates the collection, selection, and preparation of homologous sequences from the NCBI database, as well as the construction of the multiple sequence alignment that are needed as input for RNAcode . The service automatizes the entire pre- and postprocessing and thus makes the investigation of specific genomic regions for previously unannotated coding regions, such as small peptides or additional introns, a simple task that is easily accessible to non-expert users. RNAcode_Web is accessible online at rnacode.bioinf.uni-leipzig.de .
New Method for Computing Performance of Choked Reacting Flows and Ram-to-Scram Transition

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

An improved method has been developed to compute the thrust of a dual-mode scramjet, which is an engine with a combustor that operates both subsonically and supersonically. This strategy applies to any internal flow that can be modeled one-dimensionally. To handle the mathematical singularity at the location of thermal choking, the simple Shapiro method is expanded to create a new method that includes finite-rate chemistry and high-temperature gas properties. A forward shooting method is employed to find appropriate initial conditions for integration of the governing equations, which results in a unique transonic (choked) condition capable of reaching a supersonic state at the end of the domain. Solutions of the governing equations are computed using the propulsion code MASIV, which has been integrated into a hypersonic vehicle flight dynamics code. Computations for both ram-mode and scram-mode operations are compared to experimental results. Predictions are made for flight conditions of a hypersonic vehicle built around the given flowpath. Benefits of a pseudo-one-dimensional approach are that computational time is small and physical reasons for observed engine performance are easy to determine. Limitations include the fact that behavior of oblique shocks and other two-dimensional and three-dimensional phenomena in the combustor cannot be computed directly.
A review of theGymnostomum calcareumNees & Hornsch. complex (Bryopsida: Pottiaceae) in southern Europe and the Macaronesian Islands, includingG. calcareumvar.atlanticumvar. nov.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

New taxonomic observations, based on rhizoidal and protonemal gemmae of material from southern Europe and the Macaronesian Islands, are given in this work for sibling taxa of the Gymnostomum calcareum Nees & Hornsch. complex. Gymnostomum calcareum var. atlanticum Sérgio from the Iberian Peninsula, Madeira and Azores is described as a new variety, and its diagnostic characters are described and illustrated. This moss has a bistratose margin in the upper parts of the perichaetial and vegetative leaves, and the perichaetial leaves are markedly acute. It is closely related to Gymnostomum lanceolatum Cano, Ros & J. Guerra, here reduced to a variety of G. calcareum. The occurrence of fusiform or claviform protonemal gemmae provides a diagnostic feature for the different taxa.
Effect of ethanol and methyl-Tert-butyl ether on monoaromatic hydrocarbon biodegradation: Response variability for different aquifer materials under various electron-accepting conditions

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Aquifer microcosms were used to determine how ethanol and methyl-tert-butyl ether (MtBE) affect monoaromatic hydrocarbon degradation under different electron-accepting conditions commonly found in contaminated sites experiencing natural attenuation. Response variability was investigated by using aquifer material from four sites with different exposure history. The lag phase prior to benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX) and ethanol degradation was typically shorter in microcosms with previously contaminated aquifer material, although previous exposure did not always result in high degradation activity. Toluene was degraded in all aquifer materials and generally under a broader range of electron-accepting conditions compared to benzene, which was degraded only under aerobic conditions. The MtBE was not degraded within 100 d under any condition, and it did not affect BTEX or ethanol degradation patterns. Ethanol was often degraded before BTEX compounds and had a variable effect on BTEX degradation as a function of electron-accepting conditions and aquifer material source. An occasional enhancement of toluene degradation by ethanol occurred in denitrifying microcosms with unlimited nitrate; this may be attributable to the fortuitous growth of toluene-degrading bacteria during ethanol degradation. Nevertheless, experiments with flow-through aquifer columns showed that this beneficial effect could be eclipsed by an ethanol-driven depletion of electron acceptors, which significantly inhibited BTEX degradation and is probably the most important mechanism by which ethanol could hinder BTEX natural attenuation. A decrease in natural attenuation could increase the likelihood that BTEX compounds reach a receptor as well as the potential duration of exposure.
The Effects of Chin-tuck Position in Stroke Patient with Dysphagia Evaluated by Fiberoptic Endoscopy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background and Purpose: Dysphagia is a frequent symptom after stroke. Dysphagia increases the risk of aspiration pneumonia, malnutrition, and is associated with poor prognosis. Fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES) is a suitable method for dysphagia assessment after acute stroke. Chin-tuck position has been used in dysphagia patients to prevent aspiration during swallowing. But the combined application of these promising modalities has rarely been studied. We aimed to evaluate the effects of chin-tuck position in stroke patient with dysphagia evaluated by fiberoptic endoscopy. Methods: A total of 34 consecutive patients with first stroke were enrolled. FEES after swallowing was done before and after chin-tuck position for evaluation. The dysphagia was measured by the pharyngeal stasis condition and the fiberoptic endoscopic dysphagia severity scale (FEDSS). A telephone interview was arranged in 3 months. The patients were asked about body weight change, respiratory tract infection events and nasogastric tube (NG tube) usage. Results: In the patients with extra-brainstem stroke, the pharyngeal stasis condition and FEDSS improved significantly with chin-tuck position. Furthermore, the brainstem stroke patient had better FEDSS with chin-tuck position. The 3-month NG tube removal rate was better in the patients who had better FEDSS. Conclusion: A baseline FEES examination provides valuable prognostic information for the choice of dysphagia managementin acute stroke patients. Chin-tuck is a better management of dysphagia in patients with extra-brainstem stroke. The 3-month NG tube removal rate was increased in the patients who had less severity by FEDSS.
CRITIQUE OF DR. LIGON'S ARTICLE FROM THE POINT OF VIEW OF THE CONCEPT OF PERSONALITY INVOLVED

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Additional informationNotes on contributorsWilliam C. Bower∗∗ Professor Emeritus, Divinity School, The University of Chicago. ∗ Professor Emeritus, Divinity School, The University of Chicago.
An Analysis of the Dependency Structure between a Gilt's Prebreeding and Reproductive Traits. I. Phenotypic and Genetic Correlations

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This study involved the records of 339 purebred Duroc, Hampshire and Yorkshire gilts and 192 two-breed cross gilts resulting from matings among the three breeds. The primary purpose of this paper was to investigate the relationship of prebreeding traits, including the growth of the gilt and her littermates, with subsequent measures of reproduction. Heritabilities were estimated for several traits and in general the estimates were somewhat higher than most estimates in the literature. Genetically, all measures of growth were favorably and moderately to highly correlated to ovulation rate, with the relationship being stronger for traits measured late in growth as compared to traits measured early in growth. The only traits that had large genetic correlations with number of corpora lutea per embryo were birth weight (rg=−.90) and weaning weight (rg=−.91). None of the phenotypic correlations between prebreeding traits and reproductive traits were large and only eight of the 68 correlations were significant. Gilts which grew faster, were younger at 100 kg, were heavier at breeding and had more days from 100 kg to breeding also had higher ovulation rates. Gilts which were heavier and older at breeding and had more days from 100 kg to breeding also had more embryos. A stepwise regression procedure was used to find the “best” model to predict ovulation rate (CL), number of embryos (EMB), embryo per corpora lutea (E/CL) and corpora lutea per embryo (CL/E). The “best” model accounted for only 15%, 18%, 9% and 6% of the variation in CL, EMB, E/CL and CL/E, respectively.
Multimedia in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Education Commentary: Curtis Bonk and Teaching and Administering in Stormy Times

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

. The sec-retarial staff of my department has just been subjected toan unprecedented deluge of inquiries from alarmed sec-ond year students who phoned, E-mailed, or walked in.The students could not find the timetable for Biochemistryon the University Information System. The course informa-tion was online, but the students had not located thecorrect entry point. This problem had never been encoun-tered before, so it took a while to establish that studentshad logged into a service (called alloc8) that told themeverything they needed to know in their first year at ouruniversity but is not the portal to second year studies inbiochemistry. The take home message from this is that ourstudents are increasingly expecting to have their coursesmanaged online. Another personal observation, as evi-dence for a trend to online information gathering, is themanner in which students present for their enrollment intocourses. In past years perhaps half of the students turnedupforcourseadvicecarryingtheUniversityHandbookthatlists the hundreds of courses offered. The printed hand-book is heavy, is dated after only a year because coursesare modified, and costs the equivalent of US$10. It is agreat resource for getting the big picture of courses onoffer and for scribbling on. This year I did not see a singleUniversity Handbook in the hands of enrolling students. Tobe fair I will be a little pleased when the handbook be-comes exclusively online, if only because it should removean irksome deadline to update entries for printing. Man-agementonlineseemsa
Surgical Treatment of Traumatic Type II Odontoid Fracture Using Polyaxial C1 Lateral Mass and C2 Pedicle Screws Fixation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background Data: Posterior atlantoaxial fixation is indicated for C1-C2 instability or painful osteoarthritis. Different techniques were designed for atlantoaxial fixation as sublaminar wiring, transarticular screw fixation, and, recently, C1 lateral mass and C2 pedicle polyaxial screws and rod system. Purpose: To investigate the safety, advantages, and complications of posterior atlantoaxial fixation with polyaxial C1 lateral mass and C2 pedicle screws in C1-C2 instability. Study Design: A retrospective clinical case series. Patients and Methods: Fourteen consecutive patients, ten males and four females, with a mean age of 40.8±9.6 years were reported. All had traumatic C1-2 instability due to type II odontoid fractures and underwent posterior fixation with polyaxial C1 lateral mass and C2 pedicle screws. Nine patients suffered from motor vehicle accident (MVA) and 5 suffered from falls. All patients were neurologically intact except four patients who had neurological deficits. We used Japanese Orthopedic Association Score (JOA) for their functional evaluation. The average follow-up was 17±1.96 (range, 12–20 months). Operative time, operative blood loss, screw trajectory, screw length, and injury of neurovascular structures were reported. Fusion and construct stability were evaluated by plain radiography and/or CT. Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) of neck pain and JOA were used to evaluate the functional outcome. Results: The mean duration of surgery was 175.3±12.3 min. The mean blood loss was 553.6±106.5 ml and two patients required transfusion of one unit of blood. The mean length of C1 lateral mass and C2 pedicle screws were 30±1.6 mm and 16.4±1.8 mm, respectively. Correct screw placement and good stability were reported in all patients (100%) at the last follow-up. Mean neck pain on VAS was 2.8±0.8 and 2.3±0.5 at 6 and 12 months, respectively. The complications included moderate pain at iliac graft site for 3 months in 2 patients, pain and dysesthesia in C2 dermatome for 4 months in 3 patients, and superficial wound infection in 2 patients. Conclusion: Posterior atlantoaxial fixation with polyaxial C1 lateral mass and C2 pedicle screws is a safe and effective method in the treatment of traumatic atlantoaxial subluxation due to type II odontoid fractures. (2019ESJ176)
EVALUATION OF BINDERS FOR MACHINABLE UNFIRED CERAMICS

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Twenty-seven different combinations of binders were mixed with alumina powder to study tensile strength in unfired oxide parts and its relationship to machinability.Isostatically pressed oxides were impregnated with waxes to further increase their mechanical strengths for machining.Alumina, magnesia, zirconia, and zircon bars containing 4.0 percent polyvinyl alcohol were tested to compare the strength of equal amounts of binder in different oxides.In these bars the variation in tensile strengths was found to be due mainly to difference in particle size.Machinability was found to improve as the binder tensile strength increased.
Topological Phase Transitions in a Constrained Two-Qubit Quantum Control Landscape

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In optimal quantum control, control landscape phase transitions (CLPTs) indicate sharp changes occurring in the set of optimal protocols, as a physical model parameter is varied. Here, we demonstrate the existence of a new class of CLPTs, associated with changes in the topological properties of the optimal level set in a two-qubit state-preparation problem. In particular, the distance distribution of control protocols sampled through stochastic homotopic dynamics reveals discontinuous changes in the number of connected components in the optimal level set, as a function of the protocol duration. We demonstrate how topological CLPTs can be detected in modern-day experiments.
Tuberc Respir Dis 2013;74:82-85

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A 62-year-old man with a chronic cough presented with atelectasis of the left upper lobe on chest X-ray. Chest computed tomography showed an atelectasis in the left upper lobe with bronchial wall thickening, stenosis, dilatation, and mucoid impaction. We performed bronchoscopy and found a well-circumscribed mass on the left upper lobe bronchus. The mass was removed by flexible bronchoscopy using an electrosurgical snare and diagnosed with lipoma. An endobronchial lipoma is a rare benign tumor that can be treated by a surgical or endoscopic approach. We report the successful removal of endobronchial lipoma via flexible bronchoscopic electrosurgical snare.
Congo will push gently to amend Chinese mining deals

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Significance In particular, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) has indicated it hopes to renegotiate a USD6.5bn minerals-for-infrastructure deal signed with two Chinese state-owned firms in 2008, which it claims the Chinese firms have failed to honour. Impacts Beyond this review, DRC may take a stronger line with investors in the mining sector as it seeks to make better use of its resources. China’s dependence on DRC’s minerals will only increase as it attempts to increasingly transition towards green technologies. The government may not pursue allegations of corruption related to the deal robustly given the potential for political fallout.
CODE SWITCHING AT EFL CLASSROOM IN THE MULTINATIONAL STUDENT GROUPS

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The article deals with code switching as a teachers' strategy at EFL lessons. The analysis of foreign colleagues' experience is given, enabling to classify the instances of code switching at EFL lessons into three groups: curriculum access, classroom management, interpersonal relations. The deliberate and judicious use of the strategy at EFL university classroom is proved to promote foreign language learning. The need for investigating code switching as a possible positive strategy of foreign language teaching in the multinational student groups is concluded.
Touchscreen mobile devices and older adults: a usability study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The increasing advance and use of technology presents challenges for older users and older generations often experience difficulty in using new technology compared with their younger counterparts. The purpose of this work was to investigate how touchscreen devices have affected the usability of interactive consumer products by older adults. This work was conducted with older adults to explore their perceptions of touchscreen interfaces and to understand existing usability issues and barriers to their adoption. The research was conducted with four participants and each was required to carry out common tasks on mobile phones which they were unfamiliar with. It was seen that some older users are frequent users of modern technologies such as touchscreens and find this easier to use than systems which are generally perceived as more ‘simple’ systems such as keypads on a mobile phone. Technological advances show a change in interface design, making use easier for all users, in particular older people, yet this has not been developed to its full potential and still deters certain users from choosing to use products implementing these technologies. It is recommended that technology developers consider the needs and desires of older adults as a user group.
The Influence of Sympathetic Nervous Control on Blood Flow through the Human Forearm.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract : The role of neurally mediated (sympathetic) vasoconstriction and metabolic dilatation has been examined in both exercising and resting forearms of human volunteers. To examine this competition in the resting forearm, the arms were 'calibrated' for changes in blood flow, integrated e.m.g. and oxygen uptake at low sustained isometric tensions (1-10% MVC). The 'calibrated' arm became the contralateral ('resting') arm during a sustained isometric hand-grip contraction at 33% MVC for 2 min with the opposite arm. There was no significant increase in forearm blood flow in the contralateral arm in two-thirds of both trained and naive subjects. Small increases in flow were matched by increases in e.m.g. activity. The remainder of subjects demonstrated almost a doubling of blood flow in the contralateral arm during the second min of the contraction but this change was also accompanied by appropriate increases in e.m.g. activity. Use of either alpha-adrenergic or beta-adrenergic blocking agents indicated that increased alpha-adrenergic activity mediated changes in vascular resistance during isometric exercise. There was no detectable control of forearm flow exerted by beta-adrenergic receptors.