jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A Survey on Implementation of Swarm Evolutionary Algorithms to Vehicular Communication

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Rapid metropolitan city development and population growth have resulted in an exponential increase in the number of cars used by commuters. The already overwhelming issue of traffic congestion is being made worse by this. Highway construction additions are no longer appropriate short-term, expensive, or short-sighted solutions. Concentrating on the frequently utilized controlling traffic signals and fewer time schedules is one efficient approach to allocating road resources. It may not be the simplest or practical approach to find a suitable or optimum plan for the prior by using brute force. Adapti ve and swarm intelligence methods are two examples of algorithms that were influenced by nature. Numerous of these methods have been applied during the past two decades to various smart city applications, such as controlling traffic signals (CTS). The use of swarm and adaptive intelligence methods to CTS is thoroughly reviewed in this work. The collection of objective(s), issue modeling, choice variables, optimization, and the encoding solution is used to classify the work that was surveyed. The study suggests interesting future directions for research and examines where research is headed is heading based on Genetic Algorithm (GA) discovered by the performed review.
ATTEMPTS TO FIND NEW ANTIMALARIALS. XIX.1,2 AMINO ALCOHOLS OF THE TYPE —CHOHCH2NR2 DERIVED FROM DICHLOROPHENANTHRENES

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTATTEMPTS TO FIND NEW ANTIMALARIALS. XIX.1,2 AMINO ALCOHOLS OF THE TYPE —CHOHCH2NR2 DERIVED FROM DICHLOROPHENANTHRENESEVERETTE L. MAY and ERICH MOSETTIGCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1946, 11, 6, 631–635Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1946Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1946https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01176a002Request reuse permissionsArticle Views36Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (326 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Lumír Polka

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Performer: Viktor Kapela Band; Bohemian. Digitized at 78 revolutions per minute. Four stylii were used to transfer this record. They are 3.8mil truncated conical, 2.3mil truncated conical, 2.8mil truncated conical, 3.3mil truncated conical. These were recorded flat and then also equalized with Turnover: 500.0. The preferred versions suggested by an audio engineer at George Blood, L.P. have been copied to have the more friendly filenames. Matrix number: C72325A Catalog number: 72325-A
[Epidemiology of tuberculosis. Continued increase in resistant pathogens?].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Up into the eighties, such institutions as the WHO and the Center for Disease Control and Prevention in the USA were confident that tuberculosis would be eradicated by the start of the 21st century. Since then, however, tuberculosis has made such a vigorous comeback that in 1993, the WHO was prompted to call it a "global health emergency". The improverishment of large areas of the planet, resulting in an absence of elementary standards of medical care, in concert with population growth and the HIV epidemic, led to a dramatic increase in the incidence and deadliness of tuberculosis, as also in the incidence of resistant strains of the tuberculosis pathogen in many countries. As a result of migration, however, this development is not confined to such countries, but has also become a major problem in the developed countries, including Germany.
The dramatic retreat of Mount Kenya’s glaciers between 1963 and 1987: greenhouse forcing

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The retreat of the glaciers on Mount Kenya is quantitatively well documented for the intervals 1899–1963 and 1963–1987. The ice recession between 1899 and 1963 was strongly dependent on solar radiation geometry. By contrast, the ice thinning between 1963 and 1987 amounted to about 15 m for all glaciers regardless of topographic location. This suggests that climatic forcings other than solar radiation have become more prominent. Sensitivity analyses indicate that the energy supply of about 5 W m −2 , required to produce the observed ice thinning through melting, can be accounted for by a combination of climatic forcings. The direct effect of changing atmospheric composition (“greenhouse effect”) on the net longwave radiation could have contributed less than 1 W m −2 . A warming of 0.0 to 0.2°C would translate into an additional downward-directed sensible heat transfer of 0.0 to 1.4 W m −2 . A 0.1 to 0.2 g kg −1 increase in specific humidity would, through savings in the latent heat transfer, contribute 2 to 4 W m −2 . Long-term station records show little warming trend for East Africa itself. However, mid-tropospheric specific humidity trends of about 0.6 g kg −1 over the past two decades in the equatorial belt have been reported in the literature, and considered to be consequences of “global warming” and the “greenhouse effect”. Viewed in perspective, the ice wastage on Mount Kenya between 1963 and 1987 appears to have been driven primarily by three climatic forcings, conceivably all steered by the “greenhouse effect”: a direct forcing through the net longwave radiation; an indirect forcing through warming and therefore enhanced sensible heat transfer; and another indirect forcing through warming (not necessarily in the region itself), leading to increased (advected) atmospheric moisture, and hence to reduced latent heat transfer, this last line of control being the most important.
What progress have countries made in closing gender gaps in education and beyond?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Despite numerous measures, gender stereotypes about abilities in mathematics and reading persist in schools, affecting both boys' and girls' schooling and educational choices. Inequalities also persist outside the classroom, where women, despite greater educational attainment, experience lower employment rates and often receive lower salaries than men with similar levels of education. Nonetheless, the many measures taken by countries have brought some encouraging signs of progress. However, more work is needed to ensure that improvements in education are also reflected in improvements once boys and girls transition into the world of work.
[Optic disc drusen. Communication 3. The possibilities of optic coherence tomography].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Twenty-six patients (45 eyes) (median age 55 years) with optic disc drusen (ODD) (a study group) and 24 healthy volunteers (47 eyes) (median age 53 years) (a control group) were examined. Nerve fiber layer thinning determined by optic coherence tomography (OCT) was found in 65% of the ODD. In 20% of the patients with ODD, nerve fiber layer thinning, as evidenced by OCT, was observed with the normal field of vision, which suggests the higher sensitivity of a morphometric study of the retinal nerve fiber layer. According to OCT data, 11% of the patients with pathological changes in the field of vision had increased retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in some quadrants or from the mean value. These changes may be associated with the large-sized optic disc in these patients.
Petroleum Exploration Results in Western Labrador Sea, Canada: ABSTRACT

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Exploration drilling commenced on the Labrador Shelf in 1971 but it was not until 1973 that gas was discovered; 30 wells have been completed--2 on the shelf off Baffin Island and 19 on the Labrador Shelf. Five gas condensate discoveries have been made in widely separated areas and four productive horizons have been established. Discoveries are: (1) Hekja--Hekja sand, deltaic Paleocene; (2) Snorri--Gudrid sand, marine Paleocene; (3) Bjarni--Bjarni sand, Lower Cretaceous, fluvial, mainly nonmarine; (4) Gudrid--Carboniferous dolomite outlier; (5) Hopedale--Ordovician dolomite outlier. On the Labrador Shelf, Mesozoic clastics up to 5 km thick were deposited in the Erik graben. After collapse, the filled graben was covered with Cenozoic deposits. On the shelf off Baffin Island Mesozoic and Cenozoic clastics were deposited in association with submarine volcanics probably extruded from the fracturing of the Ungava transform fault zone; grabens are small and as yet not well outlined. Traps include Paleozoic outliers, pinch-outs, drape over structural highs, and growth faults. Future exploration off Labrador will test structures at greater depths than those already drilled, with penetration of more mature stratigraphic horizons and therefore better possibilities for oil. Farther north, off Baffin Island, because resinite constitutes up to 15% of the organic matter, oil perhaps can be found at shallower depths. Drilling will be continued for the foreseeable future to delineate known discoveries and to test the estimated 80 known remaining prospects. End_of_Article - Last_Page 1664------------
Comparison of Pittsburgh compound B and florbetapir in cross‐sectional and longitudinal studies

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Introduction Quantitative in vivo measurement of brain amyloid burden is important for both research and clinical purposes. However, the existence of multiple imaging tracers presents challenges to the interpretation of such measurements. This study presents a direct comparison of Pittsburgh compound B–based and florbetapir‐based amyloid imaging in the same participants from two independent cohorts using a crossover design. Methods Pittsburgh compound B and florbetapir amyloid PET imaging data from three different cohorts were analyzed using previously established pipelines to obtain global amyloid burden measurements. These measurements were converted to the Centiloid scale to allow fair comparison between the two tracers. The mean and inter‐individual variability of the two tracers were compared using multivariate linear models both cross‐sectionally and longitudinally. Results Global amyloid burden measured using the two tracers were strongly correlated in both cohorts. However, higher variability was observed when florbetapir was used as the imaging tracer. The variability may be partially caused by white matter signal as partial volume correction reduces the variability and improves the correlations between the two tracers. Amyloid burden measured using both tracers was found to be in association with clinical and psychometric measurements. Longitudinal comparison of the two tracers was also performed in similar but separate cohorts whose baseline amyloid load was considered elevated (i.e., amyloid positive). No significant difference was detected in the average annualized rate of change measurements made with these two tracers. Discussion Although the amyloid burden measurements were quite similar using these two tracers as expected, difference was observable even after conversion into the Centiloid scale. Further investigation is warranted to identify optimal strategies to harmonize amyloid imaging data acquired using different tracers.
Screening for seemingly healthy newborns with congenital cytomegalovirus infection by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction using newborn urine: an observational study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective Approximately 8–10% of newborns with asymptomatic congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) infection develop sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). However, the relationship between CMV load, SNHL and central nervous system (CNS) damage in cCMV infection remains unclear. This study aimed to examine the relationship between urinary CMV load, SNHL and CNS damage in newborns with cCMV infection. Study design The study included 23 368 newborns from two maternity hospitals in Saitama Prefecture, Japan. Urine screening for cCMV infection (quantitative real-time PCR) and newborn hearing screening (automated auditory brainstem response (AABR) testing) were conducted within 5 days of birth to examine the incidence of cCMV infection and SNHL, respectively. CNS damage was assessed by MRI of cCMV-infected newborns. Results The incidence of cCMV infection was 60/23 368 (0.257%; 95% CI 0.192% to 0.322%). The geometric mean urinary CMV DNA copy number in newborns with cCMV was 1.79×10 6 copies/mL (95% CI 7.97×10 5 to 4.02×10 6 ). AABR testing revealed abnormalities in 171 of the 22 229 (0.769%) newborns whose parents approved hearing screening. Of these 171 newborns, 22 had SNHL (12.9%), and 5 of these 22 were infected with cCMV (22.7%). Newborns with both cCMV and SNHL had a higher urinary CMV DNA copy number than newborns with cCMV without SNHL (p=0.036). MRI revealed CNS damage, including white matter abnormalities, in 83.0% of newborns with cCMV. Moreover, newborns with CNS damage had a significantly greater urinary CMV load than newborns without CNS damage (p=0.013). Conclusions We determined the incidence of cCMV infection and urinary CMV DNA copy number in seemingly healthy newborns from two hospitals in Saitama Prefecture. SNHL and CNS damage were associated with urinary CMV DNA copy number. Quantification of urinary CMV load may effectively predict the incidence of late-onset SNHL and neurodevelopmental disorders.
Straight-Through Estimator as Projected Wasserstein Gradient Flow

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The Straight-Through (ST) estimator is a widely used technique for back-propagating gradients through discrete random variables. However, this effective method lacks theoretical justification. In this paper, we show that ST can be interpreted as the simulation of the projected Wasserstein gradient flow (pWGF). Based on this understanding, a theoretical foundation is established to justify the convergence properties of ST. Further, another pWGF estimator variant is proposed, which exhibits superior performance on distributions with infinite support,e.g., Poisson distributions. Empirically, we show that ST and our proposed estimator, while applied to different types of discrete structures (including both Bernoulli and Poisson latent variables), exhibit comparable or even better performances relative to other state-of-the-art methods. Our results uncover the origin of the widespread adoption of the ST estimator and represent a helpful step towards exploring alternative gradient estimators for discrete variables.
Triticum aestivum L. subsp. aestivum BW 55558

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Plant Genetic Resource.
Taxonomy: Triticum aestivum L. subsp. aestivum
Common name(s): Wheat
Other names: CMSS12Y00710T-099TOPM-099Y-099M-0SY-40M-0WGY
Conserved by: Centro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maíz y Trigo (CIMMYT), Mexico
Local sample unique identifier: BW 55558
Method of creation: Acquisition
Date: 2018
Other identifiers: n/a,BW55558, n/a,GID 7629511, n/a,CID 584974 SID 83
Historical: No
Biological status: Breeder's line
MLS status: Included
Leading learning: creating high-achieving learning environments

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Both individual school development and the quality of the surrounding infrastructure are critical for lasting success in student learning. We must look at the inside story what we know about how schools change for the better in terms of their internal dynamics; the inside-outside story what effective schools do about the plethora of outside forces impinging on them; and the outside-in story how agencies external to the school organise themselves to be effective in accomplishing large-scale reform at the school level.
Diagnostic and Prognostic Value of Cephal CT for Hypoxicisehemic Encephalopathy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective:To evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic value of cephal CT for hypoxicischemic encephalopaty. Methods:From January 1997 to December 2001,the cephal CT was performed on 37 childen with HIE in our hospital.Results:Among these patients,there were 8 minimal abnormal cases,14 medium abnormal cases,13 serious cases and 2 normal ones.Intracarnial hemorrhage was found in 13 out of the abnormal patients.There were 21 cure,12 automatic discharge and 1 death Cerebromalacia was found in 6 out of 7 follow-up patients including 4 cerebral palsy and mental deficiency,2 spasm and 1 normal case .Conclusion:Cephal CT is valuable for dignosis and estimation of prognosis of HIE.
Crystal clear: unveiling giant birefringence in organic–inorganic cocrystals

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

[LiNO 3 ·H 2 O· o -C 5 H 5 NO]· o -C 5 H 5 NO and [Mg(NO 3 ) 2 ·6H 2 O]·( o -C 5 H 5 NO) 2 , with giant birefringence, large bandgaps, and good growth habits, were designed using a cocrystal strategy.
Key Elements of Robustness in Binary Black Hole Evolutions using Spectral Methods

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

As a network of advanced-era gravitational wave detectors is nearing its design sensitivity, efficient and accurate waveform modeling becomes more and more relevant. Understanding of the nature of the signal being sought can have an order unity effect on the event rates seen in these instruments. The paper provides a description of key elements of the Spectral Einstein Code ({\tt SpEC}), with details of our spectral adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) algorithm that has been optimized for binary black hole (BBH) evolutions. We expect that the gravitational waveform catalog produced by our code will have a central importance in both the detection and parameter estimation of gravitational waves in these instruments.
New Reactive Extraction Based Reclaiming Technique for Amines Used in Carbon Dioxide Capture Process from Industrial Flue Gases

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A new reclaiming technique based on reactive extraction for removal of heat stable salts (HSS) from monoethanolamine (MEA) used in carbon dioxide (CO2) capture process has been developed. The extraction process was based on the use of tri-n-octylamine (TOA), Aliquat 336, OH– modified Aliquat 336, a two-step extraction (modified Aliquat followed by TOA), and mixed extractant (modified Aliquat and TOA) in 1-octanol diluent. The best parameters were 69% OH– modified Aliquat, two-step extraction, and mixed extractant (modified Aliquat and TOA) and under optimum extraction conditions were able to improve the extraction efficiency of the original Aliquat and TOA to over 90%. The two-step extraction and mixed extractant were also capable of managing Cl– contamination in MEA solution. Extraction was found to be independent of temperature whereas efficiency reduced with increase of CO2 loading. Therefore, it is recommended to apply this extraction technique to the lean MEA stream after the rich/lean heat exchanger either with or without cooling. Regeneration of used extractant (OH Aliquat) was implemented and optimized with the use of 4 kmol/m3 NaOH. In addition to HSS removal, the new extraction technique was also able to remove major nonionic degradation products also by up to 90%.
The contribution of dark-green leafy vegetables to total micronutrient intake of two- to five-year-old children in a rural setting<sup>#</sup>

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This study determined the contribution of dark-green leafy vegetables (DGLV) to total micronutrient intake of two- to five year-old children residing in two neighbouring rural villages in KwaZulu-Natal where production and consumption of these vegetables were promoted. A repeated cross-sectional study that included five repeated 24 h dietary recalls per study period was done during February (n=79), May (n=74), August (n=75) and November (n=78) of 2005 by interviewing the caregivers. Consumption of spinach (mostly Swiss chard) and imifino (a collective term for various dark-green leaves) complemented each other, with imifino being consumed mostly during the first and last quarter of the year, and spinach (mostly Swiss chard) during the 3rd quarter. The proportion of children who consumed DGLV during the 5 d recall period ranged from 36% (May survey) to 86% (February survey), and the average number of times that children consumed it ranged from 1.4 (May survey) to 2.2 (February survey). The average portion size consumed was approximately ½ cup (87 ± 56 g for spinach; 87 ± 38 g for imifino). For children consuming DGLV, these vegetables contributed significantly to dietary intake of calcium (21 to 39% of total intake), iron (19 to 39%), vitamin A (42 to 68%) and riboflavin (9 to 22%).In conclusion, DGLV made a significant contribution towards total nutrient intake of the children for several of the micronutrients.This contribution can potentially be increased should these vegetables be consumed more frequently and by a larger proportion of the children.
Teachers' well-being, social and emotional competences, and reflective teaching – a teacher's continuous training model for professional development and well-being

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Teachers' well-being has become a priority in the last two decades. If we believe that schools have a role in promoting mental health and students' well-being, we must first recognise and address the rising matter of teachers' mental health and well-being. Research shows that there is a straight connection between teachers' well-being and their social and emotional competences. Reflective teaching is the tool that we use to develop a model of intervention to promote teachers' well-being, and the model is supported on a social constructivist perspective. Reflective teaching is a process through which teachers think over their teaching practices, analysing how something had been taught and how the practice might be improved or changed for better learning outcomes. The teachers' continuous training model for professional development and well-being enlarges the emphasis on teachers' practices/experiences and connects them with meaningful situations, accentuating social and emotional competences to improve teachers' professional attainment and effectiveness. Processes of self-observation and self-evaluation based on reflective inquiry, and reflection on practice, support the practical application of the model. Research also shows that well-being and job satisfaction strongly influence teachers' behaviours, which affect classroom climate and students' achievement as well. This teachers' continuous training model agglomerates several theoretical constructs relevant to pedagogy and may constitute a good practice for the promotion of teachers' professional development and well-being.
Phantom limbs and related phenomena in recent traumatic amputations

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Seventy-three soldiers who had traumatic amputations were examined from 1 to 6 months after limb loss. All experienced phantom limb sensations and 67 percent experienced phantom limb pains, usually transient. Stump pain occurred in 43 percent and was associated with phantom pain in 54 percent of these. Of the 23 percent of the entire group who had evident stump pathology, 33 percent had phantom pains only, 20 percent had stump pains only, 40 percent had both, and 7 percent were pain-free. All stump ends exhibited an area of hyperpathia with hypoesthesia. Phantom pain probably results from peripheral or spinal cord mechanisms, or both, rather then from more rostral mechanisms.