jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
SARS-CoV-2 in UK domestic cats: Evidence of declining seroprevalence and weaker neutralising antibody responses against Omicron

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Abstract Objectives In late 2019, a novel coronavirus, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged, resulting in a global pandemic and substantial threat to public health. Domestic cats are also susceptible to infection when in contact with infected people and, like humans, mount neutralising antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein. In this study, we assessed the ability of sera from domestic cats to neutralise four SARS-CoV-2 pseudotypes (B.1, Alpha, Delta, and Omicron (BA.1)) to characterize feline virus neutralising antibody responses in the UK. Methods Pseudotype-based neutralisation assays were performed on residual serum samples collected from 806 domestic cats between 1 February 2022 and 7 July 2022. Seropositivity was confirmed using a double antigen bridging immunoassay. Results In Spring-Summer 2022, feline anti-SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence declined to 4%. Neutralising antibody titres were highest against B.1 and Delta pseudotypes and lowest against Omicron. Seropositive cats developed a neutralising antibody titre against one or more SARS-CoV-2 variants, but the degree of cross-neutralisation varied between individuals. Likelihood of seropositivity was not associated with sex, age, or pedigree of cats. Statement SARS-CoV-2 is circulating widely in the UK domestic cat population. The recent decline in neutralising antibody titres and the significantly weaker response against Omicron suggest that previously infected cats may be vulnerable to reinfection when exposed to newer SARS-CoV-2 variants. Adopting a One-Health strategy that involves monitoring both humans and their pets could be pivotal in helping control the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly recognising concerns about infections spilling back to humans.
Proton skin in neutron-deficient nuclei studied via interaction cross-sections at relativistic energies

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The interaction cross‐sections of neutron‐deficient Ar and Kr isotopes were precisely measured using the fragment separator FRS at relativistic energies. Based on Glauber model analysis, effective root‐mean‐square matter radii of these nuclei were determined. Using charge radii obtained from isotope‐shift measurements, an evolution of proton skins for Ar isotopes is clearly shown. A systematics of the matter radii in the mass region A∼70 is also discussed.
RESEARCH ON TRANSFER OF CONTRACTUAL OPERATION RIGHT OF RURAL LAND

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Base on the deep study of the history of transfer of contractual operation right of rural land,the concept and law features of transfer of contractual operation right of rural land is clarified in this paper.Author puts forward the running mechanism of transfer of contractual operation right of rural land,analyses the problems existing in the legislation and practice,and presents correlative policy advices.The goal is to formulate the transfer of contractual operation right of rural land exactly and guide the practice of contractual operation right of rural land.
Treatment of Comminuted Intraarticular Fracture of Distal Radius with Arthroscopic Reposition of Fragments under External Fixation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction. Use of arthroscopically assisted reduction of bone fragments in comminuted intraarticular fractures of the distal radius (DR) remains ambiguous. The purpose of the study was to determine the expediency and efficacy of arthroscopy in surgical treatment of comminuted DR frac- tures especially under conditions of wrist joint (WJ) external fixation. Patients and methods . Sixty eight patients (mean age 38±14.1 years) with comminuted intraar- ticular DR fractures (type B3-C3 by AO/ASIF) were operated on. In 34 out of them arthroscopic support of osteosynthesis was used. Treatment results were assessed in 3, 6 and 12 months by DASH questioner, X-ray examination data, grip strength and range of motion in WJ. Results. It was stated that WJ arthroscopy improved the diagnosis of joint injuries (injury of tri- angular fibro-cartilage complex was diagnosed in 29 (83.5%), scapholunate ligament - in 12 (35.5%), lunotriquetral ligament - in 4 (11.8%) cases) and the quality of bone fragments reposition (displacement of intraarticular fragments over 1 mm after primary reposition was arthroscopically diagnosed in 21 (61.8%) cases, statistically significant improves the early postoperative (first 3 months after surgery, p<0.05) but did not affect the long term treatment results.
Resolve 3D choroid plexus structure and partitioned bidirectional cerebrospinal fluid flow with MRI

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Motivation: Previous studies have not identified the high-resolution in vivo 3D structure of the choroid plexus or linked its unique ventricular localization to CSF flow hydrodynamics. Goal(s): We developed novel ultra-high-resolution MRI with 30 μm isotropic resolution to measure region-specific CSF flow in the ventricles using phase-contrast MRI. Approach: A head-implanted RF coil enhanced the SNR of MGE images, allowing for Gd-enhanced scanning in the ventricles. High-resolution PC-MRI mapped bidirectional CSF flow velocity in the free-space ventricle relative to the localization of ChP. Results: We estimated an ~20% volume fraction of ChP in the lateral ventricle and measured bidirectional CSF velocity at ~150-200 μm/s. Impact: Our findings clarify choroid plexus morphology and its crucial role in regulating bidirectional CSF flow dynamics. This study reveals novel CSF hydrodynamics controlled by ChP localization, informing therapeutic strategies to target ChP function in degenerative or hydrocephalic conditions.
PHENOTYPIC DIVERSITY ANALYSIS OF ETHIOPIAN HOT PEPPER (Capsicum annum L.) ACCESSIONS FOR POD AND QUALITATIVE TRAITS

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Diverse environmental conditions and variation in farming systems are expected as a base for wide variability in hot pepper germplasm in Ethiopia. Forty-eight accessions were collected from different agro-ecological zones of Ethiopia where hot pepper is extensively produced and high phenotypic diversity is expected to exist (Meskan, Mareko, Halaba,, Hawassa and Abishege, Asossa , Bale, West Hararghe) and one standard cultivar (Mareko Fana) were used for this study. Therefore, this research was conducted to estimate phenotypic diversity of 49 genotypes for qualitative and fruit quality related traits. Data for qualitative and fruit quality related traits were subjected to analyses of variance separately. The frequency distribution of the genotypes displayed high polymorphism for all traits except for anthocyanins on the stem, leaf colour and dry fruit colour. Moreover, the diversity for qualitative traits was ranging from 0.65 to 0.98 with an overall average Shanon diversity index of 0.88. The highest diversity index was obtained from calyx attachment (98%), anthocyanins on the fruit, canopy and fruit shape, followed by growth habit and fruit shape at blossom end (93%). The Shanon diversity index of H’ of within (88%) and between (12%) regions of collections were obtained, where anthocyanins on the fruit, green fruit color, fruit shape at blossom end and canopy shape and growth habit contributed very high for differentiation between regions of collections. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of fruit quality traits showed 55% of the total variance encountered by the first two components in which, fruit volume and surface area, TSS%, pedicel length were associated with the first components, while only fruit shape index were associated with the second component. The cluster analysis using fruit quality traits, the genotypes were distinctly grouped into six clusters with similarity value ranging from 0.15 to 1.27 and inter cluster D² values of 13 to159, with the maximum distance recorded between IV and V (159) and III and V (158) clusters. Therefore, this study demonstrated the existence of high phenotypic diversity among genotypes for qualitative and fruit quality related traits in Ethiopian collections that could be properly conserved and exploited for future variety improvement program.
Estimation of Lithium Dose Requirement by Lithium Clearance, Serum Lithium and Saliva Lithium following a Loading Dose of Lithium Carbonate

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Renal lithium clearance and the serum lithium levels following a single oral loading dose of lithium were used as measures to predict lithium dose requirement during long-term maintenance at 3 different psychiatric centers in North America. Saliva lithium values were also investigated at one of the centers. The correlation between lithium clearance and the 17-hour serum lithium level, and subsequent dosage was high; the mean correlation co-efficient from the 3 centers being 0.84 for renal lithium clearance and 0.75 for both the 17-hour and 10-hour serum lithium levels. These tests can therefore be recommended as a guide to estimate lithium dose requirement in patients starting lithium maintenance treatment although absolute reliance should not be placed on the prediction formulae obtained. The correlation between saliva lithium and eventual dosage was poor and of little predictive value.
The Syriac War From The Perspective Of International Humanitarian Law

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

During the last decade, the international community witnessed a widespread wave of computer hardware and information network technology that revolutionized the way we live our lives, such as flexibility in obtaining information and the adoption of many basic services and infrastructure on them. But every matter has its negative side as well as its positive side. Despite the tremendous development of the information revolution, it has at the same time made the international community face new risks associated with this development. Cyber ??attacks have appeared whose effects are not limited to data in computers or systems, but rather Beyond that, it directly affects the real world, such as hacking computer systems to control air traffic, disrupting the work of nuclear power plants, and many negative effects that may lead to catastrophic accidents, and civilians are the main victims of such wars. Since international humanitarian law seeks to protect civilians, legal experts have sought to examine the extent to which its rules can be applied to cyber wars.
Study of Scattering by Surface Acoustic Wave Motor Slider Using Finite Element Method Simulation

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A surface acoustic wave (SAW) motor has already shown its superior potential. However, its efficiency from the electrical input to the mechanical output is still low. To improve its efficiency, an energy circulation driving method has been proposed and demonstrated. It has been found that the Rayleigh wave beneath the slider was scattered, so that the phase of the wave shifted; the phase shift decreased the efficiency of the motor. Thus, we need to know the characteristics of the phase shift to design a SAW motor with a high efficiency. From several experimental results, it has been found that the phase shift is related to the projection parameters of the slider and the preload conditions. The relationship between the slider projection contact, the friction phenomenon, and the phase shift was investigated by numerical simulation using the finite element method. Two-dimensional finite element method analysis in a time domain was carried out to simulate the wave propagation from driving points through a preloaded silicon slider. Contact and friction simulation was applied to the boundary condition between the stator and the slider projections.
IMPROVED PROTEIN BINDING RATE FOR BIO- SENSORS USING AC ELECTROOSMOSIS

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Many biosensors are limited by long detection times that result from transport limitations of large macromolecules such as proteins which must reach the active surface in order to be detected. To overcome this difficulty, a common biosensor, the quartz crystal microbalance was modified with a microelectrode pattern capable of producing AC electroosmosis. The mixing pattern that is thereby generated enhances mass transport to the sensor surface. A hypothetical detection threshold of 200 Hz was reached in 4.5 minutes with mixing compared to 71.8 minutes under static conditions thus showing an order of magnitude improvement in detection time.
Supplementary Table from Gene Body Methylation of the Lymphocyte-Specific Gene <i>CARD11</i> Results in Its Overexpression and Regulates Cancer mTOR Signaling

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Supplementary Table from Gene Body Methylation of the Lymphocyte-Specific Gene <i>CARD11</i> Results in Its Overexpression and Regulates Cancer mTOR Signaling
Development of a Centripetal Knuckle Bearing Performance Analysis and Parametric Drawing System Based on AutoCAD and VBA

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A centripetal knuckle bearing performance analysis and parametric drawing system developed on AutoCAD platform is introduced in the paper. VBA is utilized to develop the system that accords with the Machine Design Manual and meets common centripetal knuckle bearing type selection flow. Databases of various series of knuckle bearings are established with Access and AutoCAD is connected with Access using ADO to call the data in the Access databases from AutoCAD platform. The system interface established with VBA is easy to use and guide the designer to accomplish the type selection and life check of a knuckle bearing and call the parametric drawing module to complete its detail drawing. The system can not only facilitate the bearing selection and drawing process, but also enhance the integration degree of product design process.
On double domination numbers of signed complete graphs

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Let [Formula: see text] be a signed graph with a vertex set [Formula: see text]. A set [Formula: see text] is said to be a double dominating set of [Formula: see text] if it satisfies the following conditions: (i) [Formula: see text] for each [Formula: see text], and (ii) [Formula: see text] is balanced, where [Formula: see text] denotes the closed neighborhood of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] denotes the subgraph induced by the edges of [Formula: see text] with one end vertex in [Formula: see text] and the other end vertex in [Formula: see text]. The minimum size among all the double dominating sets of [Formula: see text] is the double domination number [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text]. In this study, we investigated this parameter for signed complete graphs. We prove that, for [Formula: see text], if [Formula: see text] is a signed complete graph, then [Formula: see text] and these bounds are sharp. Moreover, for all signed complete graphs over [Formula: see text] we determined their possible double domination numbers. Finally, we compute the double domination numbers of all signed complete graphs of orders up to six.
Practice of Epidemiology The Role of Measurement Error in Estimating Levels of Physical Activity

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Epidemiologic studies have demonstrated that physical inactivity is an important determinant of numerous chronic diseases. However, self-reported estimates of physical activity contain measurement errors responsible for attenuating relative risk estimates. A validation study conducted in 2002–2003 at the Alberta Cancer Board (Canada) included a physical activity questionnaire, four 7-day physical activity logs, and four sets of accelerom-eter data from 154 study subjects (51 % women) aged 35–65 years. The authors used a measurement error model to evaluate validity of the different types of physical activity assessment, and the attenuation factors, after taking into account error correlations between self-reported measurements. The validity coefficients, which express the correlation between measured and true exposure, were higher for accelerometers (0.81, 95 % confidence interval (CI): 0.76, 0.85) compared with the physical activity log (0.57, 95 % CI: 0.47, 0.66) and questionnaire measure-ments (0.26, 95 % CI: 0.12, 0.40). The estimate of the attenuation factor for questionnaires was 0.13 (95 % CI: 0.05, 0.23). Accuracy of physical activity questionnaire measurements was higher for men than for women, for younger individuals, and for those with a lower body mass index. Because the degree of attenuation in relative risk estimates is substantial, after the role of error correlations was considered, validation studies quantifying the impact of measurement errors on physical activity estimates are essential to evaluate the impact of physical inactivity on health.
Effect of exercise-based management on multidirectional instability of the glenohumeral joint: a pilot randomised controlled trial protocol

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Introduction The most commonly recommended treatment for multidirectional instability (MDI) of the shoulder is exercise. Despite this recommendation, there is limited evidence to support the effectiveness of exercise. The aim of this paper is to describe a pilot randomised controlled trial comparing the effectiveness of 2 exercise programmes on outcomes of participants with MDI. Methods and analysis Consenting participants between 12 and 35 years, with non-traumatic MDI will be randomly allocated to participate in either the Rockwood Instability programme or the Watson MDI programme. Both programmes involve 1 consultation per week for 12 weeks with a physiotherapist to prescribe and progress a home exercise programme. Outcomes will be assessed at baseline, 6, 12, 24 and 52 weeks. Primary outcome measures include the Melbourne Instability Shoulder Score and Western Ontario Shoulder Index. Secondary outcomes include scapular coordinates, scapular upward rotation angles, muscle strength, symptomatic onset, limiting factor and angle of limiting factor in abduction range, incidence of complete glenohumeral joint dislocation, global rating of change, satisfaction scores, the Orebro Musculoskeletal Pain Questionnaire, adverse events and compliance with the home exercise programme. Data will be analysed on intention-to-treat principles and a per protocol basis. Discussion This trial will evaluate whether there are differences in outcomes between the Rockwood and the Watson MDI programmes for participants with MDI. Ethics and dissemination Participant confidentiality will be maintained with publication of results. Ethics approval: Faculty of Health Sciences (FHEC12/201). Trial registration number ACTRN12613001240730 ; Pre-results.
Synthesis, characterization and catalytic investigation of alumina supported derived benzene- 1,3 diol - cobalt complexes

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract

4,6-bis[(1E)-N-(2-hydroxyethyl) ethanimidoyl] benzene-1,3-diol) Cobalt and (4,6-bis [(1E)-N-benzylethanimidoyl] benzene-1,3-diol) Cobalt complexes were successfully supported on Al2O3. Furthermore, the catalytic effectiveness of each were evaluated in the process of decomposition of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). It's interesting to note that the loading Co-complexes on Al2O3 catalyst resulted in a notable advancement in the catalytic efficiencies compared with single Al2O3catalysts. However, the influence of the concentration of Co-complexes were studied to get optimum amount. The catalysts were then examined using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), N2 adsorption-desorption analysis, and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Results denoted that 0.015 Co-complexes / Al2O3 have the highest catalytic activity. The effect of temperature on the catalytic decomposition of H2O2 has been investigated it was found that as the temperature increases the catalytic activity enhanced. Ultimately, the 0.015 Co-complex / Al2O3 catalyst showed greater stability throughout the H2O2 decomposition process and is recyclable several times.
Classification of Handwritten Marathi Numbers Using Euclidean Distance

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper we propose a system for recognition of Marathi handwritten numbers. In this system we develop an algorithm in which we employed Euclidean distance technique for recognition. This algorithm tested on our own database in which we collected 0-9 handwritten Marathi numbers and this handwritten numbers converted in digitization using scanner of brand UMAX model Astra 5600. The handwritten font size of each numbers for each person is different and we made same size, by comparing query/test image of number with database image of numbers by removing rows and columns from bigger size of row and column. Also we compare two techniques of removing rows and columns from centre and removed rows and columns from outer sides (i.e. from top, bottom, left and right side) of database images of numbers for calculation of Euclidean distance. The algorithm tested in Matlab tool and the result is shown in table.
A SPectroscopic Survey of Biased Halos in the Reionization Era (ASPIRE): JWST Reveals a Filamentary Structure around a z = 6.61 Quasar

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We present the first results from the JWST program A SPectroscopic survey of biased halos In the Reionization Era (ASPIRE). This program represents an imaging and spectroscopic survey of 25 reionization-era quasars and their environments by utilizing the unprecedented capabilities of NIRCam Wide Field Slitless Spectroscopy (WFSS) mode. ASPIRE will deliver the largest ( ) galaxy redshift survey at 3–4 μm among JWST Cycle 1 programs and provide extensive legacy values for studying the formation of the earliest supermassive black holes, the assembly of galaxies, early metal enrichment, and cosmic reionization. In this first ASPIRE paper, we report the discovery of a filamentary structure traced by the luminous quasar J0305–3150 and 10 [O iii] emitters at z = 6.6. This structure has a 3D galaxy overdensity of δgal = 12.6 over 637 cMpc3, one of the most overdense structures known in the early universe, and could eventually evolve into a massive galaxy cluster. Together with existing VLT/MUSE and ALMA observations of this field, our JWST observations reveal that J0305–3150 traces a complex environment where both UV-bright and dusty galaxies are present and indicate that the early evolution of galaxies around the quasar is not simultaneous. In addition, we discovered 31 [O iii] emitters in this field at other redshifts, 5.3 < z < 6.7, with half of them situated at z ∼ 5.4 and 6.2. This indicates that star-forming galaxies, such as [O iii] emitters, are generally clustered at high redshifts. These discoveries demonstrate the unparalleled redshift survey capabilities of NIRCam WFSS and the potential of the full ASPIRE survey data set.