jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Documentation for the Skeletal Storage, Compaction, and Subsidence (CSUB) Package of MODFLOW 6

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

First posted March 3, 2022 For additional information, contact: Director, Integrated Modeling and Prediction DivisionWater Mission AreaU.S. Geological Survey12201 Sunrise Valley Dr., MS 411Reston, VA 20192-0002Contact Pubs Warehouse This report describes the skeletal storage, compaction and subsidence (CSUB) package of MODFLOW 6. The CSUB package simulates the vertical compaction of compressible sediments and land subsidence. The package simulates groundwater storage changes and elastic compaction in coarse-grained aquifer sediments. The CSUB package also simulates groundwater storage changes and elastic and inelastic compaction in fne-grained, compressible interbeds, or in extensive confning units. The package can account for effective stress-dependent changes in storage properties. The CSUB package can also explicitly account for the contribution of water compressibility to groundwater storage changes.Compaction of compressible sediments is formulated using Terzaghi’s elastoplastic model and assumes the total compaction is a small fraction of the total initial thickness of compressible sediments. Compaction is controlled by head or pore-pressure changes and overburden stress changes associated with water-table changes, and thus by effective stress changes within coarse-and fne-grained compressible sediments. If the stress in a compressible unit is less than the preconsolidation stress, compaction is elastic (recoverable). If the stress in a compressible sediment is greater than the preconsolidation stress, compaction is inelastic (irrecoverable) and permanent land subsidence occurs.The propagation of head changes within fne-grained, compressible interbeds is represented numerically using a transient, one-dimensional (vertical) groundwater fow equation. This equation accounts for delayed release of water from storage or uptake of water into storage in the interbeds. Vertical hydraulic conductivity, elastic and inelastic skeletal specifc storage, and interbed thickness control the timing of interbed storage changes. Interbeds that are thin, have a relatively large vertical hydraulic conductivity, or relatively small specifc-storage values equilibrate quickly with heads/pore pressures in surrounding coarse-grained sediments and can be represented as no-delay interbeds that use the simulated groundwater head in a cell to calculate interbed compaction and do not need to be solved numerically using a vertically discretized interbed and the vertical groundwater fow equation.In addition to the applicability to confned groundwater fow systems, several features of the CSUB package make it applicable to shallow, unconfned groundwater fow systems. Geostatic stress can be treated as a function of water-table elevation, and compaction is a function of computed changes in effective stress. The porosity, void ratio, and thickness of shallow and deep coarse-grained aquifer sediments, fne-grained interbeds, and extensive confning units can vary in time based on calculated strain.
Multistage Games with Pairwise Interactions on Complete Graph

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

This paper is devoted to multistage games with pairwise interactions. The case of complete graph is considered, the vertices of which are players, and the edges are the connections between them. The characteristic function is introduced and its supermodularity is proved for single-stage game. A new approach for construction of characteristic function of multistage game is proposed, based on the use of values of characteristic functions of single-stage games. On the basis of the newly constructed characteristic function, the optimality principle is introduced, which is an analogue of the core, and its strong time-consistency proved. The work is illustrated by an example.
Effects of Postural Control Enhancement with Trunk Stability on Upper Extremity Function in Stroke: A Case Report

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Purpose This study aims to investigate the effects of trunk stability on enhancing postural control and its effects on upper limb function in stroke.Methods This study was designed as a single case research, with interventions provided 3 times a week for a duration of 3 weeks.Evaluations to assess the effectiveness of the intervention included changes in body posture alignment based on analysis of posture alignment, functional reach test (FRT), postural assessment scale for stroke (PASS), and manual function test(MFT).Results There was an improvement in overall body alignment, becoming more symmetrical.Additionally, the results from the PASS, FRT, and MFT indicate significant enhancements in the subject postural control, and upper extremity function following the intervention.Conclusion Improved trunk stability positively affects upper extremity function in stroke patients by helping maintain the body's center of gravity.
Experimental Study on the Treatment of Chinese Medicine Wastewater by Hydrolysis Acidification and Two-stage Aerated Biological Filter

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Pilot test was made to study the treatment effects of traditional Chinese medicine wastewater by hydrolysis acidification and two-stage aerated biological filter(BAF).The experiment results showed that this process was effective for treating synthetic traditional Chinese medicine wastewater under the hydraulic load of 0.570 m3/(m~2·h)and the air/water ratio of 4∶1;the COD,SS and color in effluent,which averaged 80mg/L,44 mg/L and 35 dilution times,respectively,could satisfy the first-class criteria specified in the Comprehensive Wastewater Discharge Standard(GB8978-1996).The process was characterized for simple process,convenient maintenance,strong impulsion load resistance,and stable operation.
A Novel Index for the Description of Molecular Linearity

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

To investigate the description of molecular shape, a heterogeneous data set of 200 compounds was designed. The compounds included many disparate molecular shapes, and a total of 64 descriptors was calculated including topological indices, surface areas, molecular volumes, measures of molecular dimensions, and ratios of moments of inertia. Cluster analysis on the variables indicated that there are four major categories of steric descriptors, those for molecular bulk, dimensions, and two clusters representing varying aspects of shape. To describe molecular shape more efficiently, a novel linearity index based upon ratios of moments of inertia and the molecular weight is proposed.
Automatization of short-circuited line method for dielectric characterization using a network analizer

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The short-circuited line method or Roberts-Von Hipple's method for dielectric characterization is usually not found on the bibliography, maybe due to its implementation requires the resolution of a transcendental equation on the complex plane that yields infinite solutions being then necessary to suppress the ambiguity. In this paper, this technique is automated using a vectorial network analyzer HP8719D. The data have been acquired through an interface HP-IB and their treatment and representation has been carried out using HTBasic.
Flow decomposition and aerodynamic sound generation

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

An approximate decomposition of fluid-flow variables satisfying unbounded compressible Navier–Stokes equations into acoustically radiating and non-radiating components leads to well-defined source terms that can be identified as the physical sources of aerodynamic noise. We show that, by filtering the flow field by means of a linear convolution filter, it is possible to decompose the flow into non-radiating and radiating components. This is demonstrated on two different flows: one satisfying the linearised Euler equations and the other the Navier–Stokes equations. In the latter case, the corresponding sound sources are computed. They are found to be more physical than those computed through classical acoustic analogies in which the flow field is decomposed into a steady mean and fluctuating component.
Right heart catheterization in clinical practice: a review of basic physiology and important issues relevant to interpretation.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Pulmonary artery catheterization is a diagnostic procedure in which a catheter is inserted through a central vein and advanced toward the pulmonary artery to measure right atrial, right ventricular, and pulmonary artery pressures, estimate cardiac output, identify intracardiac shunts, and measure pulmonary vascular resistance. Hemodynamic measurements can provide a better understanding of the pathophysiology of heart failure and pulmonary hypertension, but their proper assessment and optimal use can be challenging due to differences in techniques that can lead to differences in conclusions and therapeutic management strategies. In this review, we will discuss right heart catheterization and its role in clinical practice (e.g., shunt evaluation, management of cardiogenic shock) and summarize important concerns related to measurement and interpretation.
Additional file 7 of Elucidating the role of brassinosteroid signaling genes and their promoters in Arabidopsis revealed regulatory mechanisms in plant development and responses to different abiotic stresses

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Supplementary Material 7: Table S5: All identified TFbs within 1.5 kb upstream of the promoter sequences of selected BR signaling genes in Arabidopsis.
MON-636 The Relationship Between Glucose Control & Cognitive Function in People with Diabetes After a Lacunar Stroke

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background & Objective Both lacunar strokes and diabetes are risk factors for dementia and cognitive dysfunction. Thus, elucidating modifiable risk factors for cognitive dysfunction in people with type 2 diabetes who experienced a lacunar infarct has large public health implications. One such factor may be glycemic status, as measured by glycosylated hemoglobin (A1C). Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the relationship between A1C and cognitive function in people with diabetes after a lacunar stroke. Research Design & Methods The effect of baseline and follow-up A1C on the baseline and the change in Cognitive Assessment Screening Instrument (CASI) score over time among participants with a median of 2 cognitive assessments (range 1-5) was examined in of 942 individuals with diabetes and a lacunar stroke who participated in the Secondary Prevention of Small Subcortical Strokes (SPS3) trial (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00059306). Results Every 1 % higher baseline A1C was associated with a 0.06 lower standardized CASI z-score (95% CI -0.101, -0.018). Higher baseline A1C values were associated with lower CASI z-score over time (p for interaction=0.037). A 1% increase in A1C over time, corresponded with a CASI score decrease of 0.021 (95% CI -0.0043, -0.038) during follow-up. All these remained statistically significant after adjustment for age, sex, education, race, depression, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, BMI, CVD, OSA, diabetic retinopathy, nephropathy insulin use and White Matter Abnormalities. Conclusion This analysis of 942 individuals with diabetes after a lacunar stroke demonstrates a relationship between A1C and change in cognitive scores over time. Intervention studies are needed in order to delineate if better glucose control could slow the rate of cognitive decline in this high risk population.
Analysis on Chemical Constituents of Essential Oil from Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam.by GC/MS

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The essential oil of Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam.from three specimens was extracted using steam distillation.The chemical components of the essential oil were analyzed by GC/MS.10,16 and 19 components are identified from three specimens,which accounted for 99.63%,99.70% and 99.28% of volatile fraction,respectively.The major components are pulegone and menthone,which accounted for 89.02%(Yamalike Hill at Urumqi),83.51%(southern suburbs of Urumqi)and 87.11%(Horm rural Buerjin county of Xinjiang).Others are isomenthone,piperitenone,isopulegone and limonene et al.
The Traditional Culture of Rava and its Present-day Employment

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Bogata etnoloska građa otoka Rave vezana je uz svakodnevicu, ali i uz svecane prilike, osobito za blagdane. Gospodarstvo Rave stoljecima je bilo uglavnom autarkicno, uz prevladavajucu sredozemnu poljoprivredu i ribarstvo, a posebno se isticala proizvodnja vrsa od pruca mirte.
Circulating U2 Small Nuclear RNA Fragments as a Novel Diagnostic Tool for Patients with Epithelial Ovarian Cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract BACKGROUND Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of death among malignancies in women. Despite advances in treatment, &gt;50% of patients relapse. For disease monitoring, the identification of a blood-based biomarker would be of prime interest. In this regard, noncoding RNAs, such as microRNA (miRNA) or small nuclear RNA (snRNA), have been suggested as biomarkers for noninvasive cancer diagnosis. In the present study, we sought to identify differentially expressed miRNA/snRNA in sera of ovarian cancer patients and investigate their potential to aid in therapy monitoring. METHODS miRNA/snRNA abundance was investigated in serum (n = 10) by microarray analysis and validated in an extended serum set (n = 119) by reverse-transcription quantitative PCR. RESULTS Abundance of U2-1 snRNA fragment (RNU2-1f) was significantly increased in sera of ovarian cancer patients (P &lt; 0.0001) and paralleled International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage as well as residual tumor burden after surgery (P &lt; 0.0001 and P = 0.011, respectively). Moreover, for patients with suboptimal debulking, preoperative RNU2-1f concentration was associated with radiographic response after chemotherapy and with platinum resistance (P = 0.0088 and P = 0.0015, respectively). Interestingly, according to the RNU2-1f abundance dynamics, persistent RNU2-1f positivity before surgery and after chemotherapy identified a subgroup of patients with high risk of recurrence and poor prognosis. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report to suggest that a circulating snRNA can serve as an auxiliary diagnostic tool for monitoring tumor dynamics in ovarian cancer. Our results provide a rationale to further investigate whether this high-risk patient group may benefit from additional therapies that are directly applied after chemotherapy.
Beauvetetraones A–C, phomaligadione-derived polyketide dimers from the entomopathogenic fungus, Beauveria bassiana

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Beauvetetraones A–C, phomaligadione-derived polyketide dimers, were isolated from the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana using LC/MS-guided isolation and their putative biosynthetic pathway is proposed.
Preparation of Modified Porous Polyionic Liquid Microspheres and Their Application in High Performance Liquid Chromatography

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Polymer microspheres have been widely used as a stationary phase in liquid chromatography. We characterized the properties of the novel polyionic liquid microspheres prepared and explored their application as a stationary phase in liquid chromatography. Cytosine, uracil, benzene, benzene homologs and alkaloids were successfully separated by liquid chromatography with the polymer microspheres as packing materials in the chromatographic column.
Effect of scattering of cover glass for silicon and dye-sensitized solar cells

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

The study would investigate the effect of the scattering model on the photoelectric conversion efficiency for the silicon solar cell and dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC). We will examine the accuracy of optical simulation of these solar cells by the A class standard measurement of AM1.5G at the light source of 1000 W/m2. The scattering lighting of DSSC always is occurred by the particle size of the titanium dioxide (TiO2) and the distribution of the layer. Anyway, the silicon solar cell would absorb the lighting by the energy band of the silicon. Therefore, the bidirectional scattering distribution function (BSDF) could descript the scattering status for the silicon solar cell and DSSC. The regular pattern of the cover glass including the type, size, deep and smooth would affect the scattering model of the silicon solar cell and DSSC for the absorption efficiency. We found the absorption efficiency would be enhanced at the scatter pattern of large deep and smooth. The scattering pattern in the front always was better than in the back for the cover glass at the efficiency of lighting absorption. The absorption efficiency of DSSC would be higher than the silicon solar cells at the same scattering pattern. The optical simulation and measurement results showing the absorption efficiency of DCCS was better than the efficiency of silicon solar cell.
Angiogenesis is controlled by miR-27b associated with endothelial tip cells

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In this issue of Blood , Biyashev and colleagues report their findings about the critical role of miR-27b in controlling endothelial tip cell fate, branching and venous specification through down-regulation of the newly described miR-27b targets, Spry2 and Dll4.[1][1]

Angiogenesis is a fundamental
GENES ON CHROMOSOME 22 INVOLVED IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM TUMORS

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In a series of 126 meningiomas, tumor and patient characteristics wer'c investigated and statistically analyzed. A combined cytogenetic and molecular genetic approach was used to study chromosomal abnol'malities and loss of markel'S OIl chromosome 22q. This approach was successfully applied to 93 meningiomas, In 66 cases complete or partial loss of chromosome 22 was observed and in at least 12 of them this chromosome was involved in structural abel'l'ations. In addition to chromosome 22 changes, chromosomes 1, 6, 11, 13, 14, 18, 19, X, and Y were also frequently involved in strue!u ... 1 and numerical aberrations. Statistical analysis revealed a significant association between the number of chromosomal abnormalities and tumor grade. Complex karyotypes predominated in the group of grade II/III meningiomas. FUI'thel1110re, othel' variables showed statistically (Ol' marginally statisticall,Y) significant differences. Meningiomas from the convexity wel'e mOl'e often gl'ade IlIIII, displayed predominantly (pa.'lia]) loss of chromosome 22 and had complex km'yotypes more often. These features were fl'equently found in meningiomas from males. Base meningiomas on the other hand occurred more often in females, they were usually grade I, showed loss of (palis 00 chromosome 22 less often and displayed fewer additional clll'omososmal abn0l111aJities.
Non-parametric Power-law Data Clustering

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

It has always been a great challenge for clustering algorithms to automatically determine the cluster numbers according to the distribution of datasets. Several approaches have been proposed to address this issue, including the recent promising work which incorporate Bayesian Nonparametrics into the $k$-means clustering procedure. This approach shows simplicity in implementation and solidity in theory, while it also provides a feasible way to inference in large scale datasets. However, several problems remains unsolved in this pioneering work, including the power-law data applicability, mechanism to merge centers to avoid the over-fitting problem, clustering order problem, e.t.c.. To address these issues, the Pitman-Yor Process based k-means (namely \emph{pyp-means}) is proposed in this paper. Taking advantage of the Pitman-Yor Process, \emph{pyp-means} treats clusters differently by dynamically and adaptively changing the threshold to guarantee the generation of power-law clustering results. Also, one center agglomeration procedure is integrated into the implementation to be able to merge small but close clusters and then adaptively determine the cluster number. With more discussion on the clustering order, the convergence proof, complexity analysis and extension to spectral clustering, our approach is compared with traditional clustering algorithm and variational inference methods. The advantages and properties of pyp-means are validated by experiments on both synthetic datasets and real world datasets.
Resolving long-term homelessness: A randomised controlled trial examining the 36 month costs, benefits and social outcomes from the Journey to Social Inclusion pilot program

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The Journey to Social Inclusion pilot program was designed to break the cycle of long-term homelessness. The pilot provided intensive support for three years to assist people who were long-term homeless receive the range of services they need. This report presents the social and economic outcomes after the completion of the pilot. The evaluation used a randomised controlled trial to track and compare the outcomes of the J2SI participants (Group J) with those of an equivalent group of chronically homeless people (Group E) who were supported by existing services. After three years 80% of the original participants remained involved in the trial. The outcomes are promising. The evidence suggests that J2SI had a significant impact on the lives of most participants. After three years 85% of J2SI participants were housed compared to 41% of those who were receiving existing services. Over the course of the trial J2SI participants' were housed for 67% of the time, or nearly twice as much time as those in the control group (35%). The evidence confirms that that given the right level of support people who have experienced long-term homelessness can maintain their housing.
A flagellum based study of semiconductor nanofabrication through magnetotaxis

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Magnetospirillum magneticum (AMB-1), which belong to alpha-protobacterium are gram-negative, single-celled prokaryotic organisms consisting of a lash-like cellular appendage called flagella. These filamentous structures are made up of a protein called flagellin that in turn consist of four sub-domains, two inner domains (D0, D1) made up of alpha-helices and two outer domains (D2, D3) made up of beta sheets. It is wrapped in a helical fashion around the longitudinal filament with the outermost sub-domain (D3) exposed to the surrounding environment. This study focuses on the interaction of the D3 with semiconducting as well as metallic single-walled carbon nanotubes (m-SWNT) and in turn presents the interactive forces between the SWNT and D3 from the perspective of size and type of SWNT. It is found that the SWNT interacts the most with glycine and threonine residues of flagellin both electrostatically as well as through van der waals. Further, the viability of magnetotactic bacteria Magnetospirillum magneticum (AMB-1) in the presence of SWNT is experimentally investigated and it is found that magnetotaxis in AMB-1 is preserved without any toxic effects due to SWNT. It is proposed that AMB-1 can be used as an efficient carrier of carbon nanotubes through its flagellum for semiconductor nanofabrication tasks.