jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Diabetes-Associated Dementia Risk and Competing Risk of Death in the Three-City Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Diabetes is associated with a higher dementia and mortality risk. However, few studies have accounted for death when estimating the association between diabetes and dementia. We estimated absolute and relative risks of all-cause dementia according to diabetes exposure status in older adults while accounting for competing risk of death using illness-death models. Effect modification by specific characteristics (age, gender, education, cardiovascular risk factors, body mass index, cardiovascular history, depressive symptomatology, impaired renal function, and APOEɛ4 genotype) was also investigated. We analyzed the Three-City study data, a French population-based cohort of adults aged 65 years and above who were followed up for 12 years from 1999-2001. Among 8,328 participants selected in the analytical sample (median age, 73.3 years; 60.3% women), 809 (9.3%) presented with diabetes at baseline. Over a median follow-up period of 8.3 years, 836 participants developed incident dementia. Baseline diabetes was associated with a higher risk of dementia: hazard ratio, 1.79 [95% confidence interval, 1.46-2.19]. No effect modification was shown. Diabetes was associated with a higher 12-year absolute risk of dementia and a lower dementia-free life expectancy (e.g., 14.5% [11.2-18.1] versus 8.7% [7.6-10.2], and 13.4 [12.7-14.1] years versus 16.5 [16.0-17.1] years, respectively, for a 70-year-old woman with the highest level of education). These findings support the potential impact of preventing diabetes on reducing dementia risk in older adults, with a 2-3-year higher dementia-free life expectancy for individuals without diabetes, and inform the design of future interventional trials.
Plea Bargaining for the People

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Our criminal justice system must be democratic enough to allow for significant citizen participation. Unfortunately, our current system cuts the people out. Instead of juries, plea bargaining professionals like prosecutors, defense attorneys, and judges decide most cases. Plea bargaining does efficiently process cases but, in addition to its well-known coercive aspects that warp case outcomes, ignores what I call “criminal justice citizenship.” This refers to the people’s privilege to participate on an equal basis in the criminal justice system. That participation strengthens our democracy, shores up the legitimacy of the system, and helps to ensure that the system, within constitutional constraints, does not become untethered from the people it is supposed to serve. Because the jury trial has all but disappeared, other participatory democratic institutions, like grand juries and plea juries, must play a more prominent role.
SIMULATION OF A COOPERATIVE CRYPTOGRAPHIC PROTOCOL FOR CREATING A JOINT SECRET KEY- PERMUTATION OF A SIGNIFICANT DIMENSION

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The significant growth of information volumes, the rapid development of mass communications, telecommunication networks, the latest tools and means of information technology have led to the increasingly widespread use of image and video processing technologies. Since video processing is the most general and promising area of image processing in the latest research and development of such equipment, in this work we will focus our attention on advanced technologies of masking, encryption-decryption of images and frames of video files, which require the creation of appropriate secret keys for their joint use by a certain group of users. The paper considers the issues of creating a so-called cooperative protocol for the negotiation of secret keys-permutations of significant dimension by a group of user parties. Various possible types of representations of such keys are considered and the advantages and features of their new isomorphic matrix representations are shown. The need to create such secret keys-permutations is justified to increase the cryptographic stability of matrix affine-permutation ciphers and other cryptosystems of a new matrix type is justified. The results of modeling the main procedures of the proposed protocol for the negotiation of keys in the form of isomorphic permutations of significant dimension are presented, namely, the processes of generating permutation matrices and their matrix exponents. Model experiments of the protocol as a whole are described and demonstrated, including accelerated methods of matrix raising permutations to significant powers. For such methods, sets of fixed permutation matrices were used, which are matrix exponents of the main permutation matrix. Matrices, i.e. permutation keys, and all procedures over them were given and visualized in their isomorphic representations. The values ​​of fixed matrix exponents correspond to the corresponding weights of the bits of the binary or other code representation of the selected random numbers. The results of the simulation modeling of the protocol demonstrated the adequacy and advantages of using isomorphic representations of such permutation keys and the processes of creating a shared secret permutation key agreed upon by the parties using the proposed protocol.
Online Learning Engagement Among Music Education Students: A Case Study of Zhengzhou Normal University, China

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Due to the outbreak of the COVID-19, online teaching and learning with the integration of "Internet + Smart" technology has emerged as significant ways for higher education at home and abroad. In the context of the epidemic, online teaching has become one of “the new normal”. The essay is aimed at exploring the factors in music education undergraduates’ online learning engagement in blended learning and consequently improving their online learning engagement. A survey of the learning engagement of undergraduate music education students who conducted online learning in 2020 at Zhengzhou Normal University in Henan Province, China. It is found that college students, during the epidemic, had a moderate to high level of learning engagement, a high level of behavioral engagement, and a low level of cognitive engagement. The level of learning engagement varies with gender, grade, place of residence or equipment. Among those factors, student individual factors are more remarkable, compared with external ones. Motivation has enormous explanatory power, so triggering and maintaining motivation is a crucial way to improve students' engagement in online learning. Based on the findings of the study, the author provides suggestions as to how to improve the online learning engagement of music education undergraduates.
Anti-cancer activity of sophorae flos in human colorectal cancer cells

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

콩과에 속한 낙엽교목인 회화나무의 꽃과 꽃봉오리인 괴화는 다양한 암세포에 대한 항암활성이 있다고 알려져 있으나, 이를 뒷받침하는 과학적 근거가 부족한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 대장암 세포주인 HCT116과 SW480에 괴화추출물(SF)을 농도별로 24시간 동안 처리하였을 때 농도 의존적으로 세포생육억제를 보였으며 이...
Shape Memory Alloy Safety Device with Zr-BaCrO_4 Heat Paper

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

For the problems of application of shape memory alloy in fuze,such as low response or complex structure,a SMA safety device with the Zr-BaCrO4 heat paper was present.The SMA safety device was composed of a cover,an electric igniter,a cavity,Zr-BaCrO4 heat paper with the scale of milligrams dosage,shape memory alloy sheet and asbestos paper,being an independent device.Inverse phase transition occurred when the SMA sheet was directly heated by Zr-BaCrO4 heat paper,and the recovery strain cause the release on an insured part. The test results showed that the SMA safety part was Φ5mm×8mm in size,and had 2.2mm displacement in the 10ms range after the igniter been energized.The SMA safety part had advantages of simple architecture,small size,quick response and reliability,which could be used in delay arming device in fuze.
The influence of flutamide exposure on testis connexin43 gene expression in embryonic stage

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Objective The aim of this study was to explore the influence of flutamide exposure on testis connexin43 gene expression in embryonic stage.Methods Flutamide (25 mg·kg 1 ·d- 1 ) was injected subcutaneously to the pregnant SD rats at El 2-E21.The rnRNA expression of connexin43 and protein distribution in testis were investigated by using RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry assay at postnatal 13th,15th,17h,and 20th day.Results The connexin43 gene and protein expression in testis exposed to flutamide were significantly lower in contrast to the control group and corn oil group at postnatal 13th and 15th day (P＜0.01 ) ; while at the postnatal 17th day,connexin43 gene expression in testis exposed to flutamide was not found to differ with control and corn oil group (P＞0.05),the protein distribution could be seen in spermatogonial cell layer in testis exposed to flutamide,but in normal testis; at the postnatal 20th day,the cormexin43 gene expression in testis exposed to flutarnide was significant lower than both control and corn oil group (P＜0.05),as well as undescended testis (P＜0.01 ),the connexin43 protein could been observed to distribute in spermatogonial cell layer in all groups.Conclusions The down-regulated connexin43 mRNA expression due to exposure to flutamide in embryonic period,results in the abnormal connexin43 protein expression and distribution in seminiferous tubules in SD rat.

Key words:
Flutamide; Connexin43; Receptors, androgen; Testis
Commentary on the Unidroit Principles of International Commercial Contracts (UPICC), Art 1.4

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This new edition of the leading commentary on the Principles of International Commercial Contracts (PICC) has been updated to include the 26 additional provisions brought in by the PICC 2010. The text on the older provisions has been updated in order to draw together and comment on recent case-law and legal writing. This book provides commentary on the substantive rules on contracts with a comprehensive analysis of each provision, and relevant case law, and compares national provisions with the PICC. The topics of conditions, illegality and plurality of obligors and obligees are covered for the first time in this new edition.
Comparison of Rainfall Profiles in the West African Monsoon as Depicted by TRMM PR and the LMDZ Climate Model

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Vertical rainfall profiles obtained with TRMM-PR 2A25 standard products are compared with rain profiles deduced from the Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique second generation global climate model (LMDZ, the Z stands for zoom capability) with two parameterization schemes: Emanuel’s and Tiedke’s. This paper focuses on the low layers of the atmosphere over West Africa during the monsoon [June–September (JJAS)]. The precipitation decrease above 4 km is systematically not represented in rainfall profiles generated by Emanuel’s parameterization scheme. However, Emanuel’s scheme shows a decrease similar to the observation from 4 km down to the surface, especially in the Sahel (proper depth of the layer dominated by reevaporation). As for Tiedtke’s scheme, it best describes the downward increase in the upper levels of the atmosphere, whereas the downward decrease in the lower levels begins too low when compared to the observations. Tiedtke’s parameterization shows an overestimation of liquid water production over the ocean and over the Guinean region and a slightly too strong reevaporation in the Sahara and Sahel. The zonal distribution of vertical rain profiles is then biased with this model scheme compared to the 2A25-PR product. On the other hand, although Emanuel’s scheme detects too much reevaporation over the Sahara and underestimates liquid water production over the ocean compared to PR observation, it shows a good meridional distribution of these parameters. This is especially true in the Sahel where Emanuel’s scheme gives the best representation of reevaporation.
Association between hip and knee osteoarthritis and atherosclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

An association between osteoarthritis (OA) and atherosclerosis (AT) has long been suggested, with its plausibility based on several guessed commonalities, from shared risk factors to overlapping molecular pathways, given that both conditions represent a state of chronic low-grade inflammation.Meta-analyses of the impact of OA on hard cardiovascular (CV) endpoints have displayed conflicting results, though.In order to discern a more refined association between OA and AT, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies that focused on OA of weight-bearing joints, i.e., hip and knee, and stratified the results by clinical and subclinical AT.
Medical Hotel: Innovative Strategy of Hospitality Industry for Survival and Growth

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

With the growing importance of innovation for the survival and growth of the hospitality industry, as well as the emergence of healthcare hotels, the purpose of this study is to provide a literature review in this area. Additionally, this chapter aims to identify opportunities for future research. The present study adopts the systematic literature review (SLR) method. A search was conducted on the Google Scholar search engine from January 2009 to December 2021, using keywords such as "Hotel Innovation," "Hospitality Innovation," "Organizational Innovation," and "Medical Hotel." Existing literature indicates that limited research has been conducted in this area to date. Medical hotels have proven to be highly effective as both a hotel and a hospital, as well as an isolation center for medical tourists and patients. However, the potential of medical hotels as an innovative strategy in the hospitality industry remains largely unexplored. 254This chapter reviews literature of a decade on Hospitality innovation and Healthcare hotel and is based on a very ignored yet potential strategy of hospitality industry. This chapter will be useful to hospitality professionals, researchers, and academicians.
The Design and Use of Oligonucleotides

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Chemically synthesized oligonucleotides are powerful tools in the molecular biologist's repertoire. This chapter describes the design of oligonucleotides and their applications, with particular reference to their use in the isolation and characterization of recombinant DNA clones. Examples of their use are taken either from the literature or from work carried out in our laboratory. Two specific areas are covered: the design of oligonucleotides, based on peptide sequence derived from a purified protein, for use in the isolation of clones from recombinant DNA libraries, and the design of consensus oligonucleotide probes, corresponding to conserved sequences in multigene families, for use in the isolation and characterization of such related genes. We do not cover the use of oligonucleotides for the localization of mRNA transcripts by in situ hybridization or for the analysis of mRNA steady-state levels by Northern blot analysis since this has been described elsewhere (,). A detailed discussion of all of the factors involved in the formation and melting of oligonucleotide/target DNA duplexes is beyond the scope of this treatise; for this, readers are referred to the work of Lathe (). However, formulae for the calculation of melting temperatures and the application of the base analog inosine are described in the Notes.
Potentials of health promotion in the digital age: Possibilities and challenges

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

In recent years there have been significant changes in the types of digital technologies that have become available for massive use. Today, Web 1, Web 2 and Web 3 technologies are recognized. They are used by individuals interested in preserving and improving their own health, but also by different organizations, agencies and institutions in order to improve and preserve the health of the population. Since the inevitability of the application of modern technologies is our reality, health promoters are increasingly using the great potential of new technologies through SMS, social media and applications for strategic dissemination of health information, for health promotion campaigns. Modern digital technologies contribute to reducing health inequalities and empower users to innovate, cheaper and more efficient approaches when it comes to preserving and controlling their health. Social networks as an interactive health promotion tool provide a large number of users, low cost and capacity to communicate quickly with personalized and user generated messages. The use of digital technologies has significantly pointed to the need for the auditorium to be built and developed. Such changes also imply the necessity of adopting completely new patterns of behavior both by users and by those working on health promotion. In this sense, the most effective is team based multidisciplinary work in the planning and implementation of digital health promotion campaigns.
Ketamine, but Not the NMDAR Antagonist Lanicemine, Increases Prefrontal Global Connectivity in Depressed Patients

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Background Identifying the neural correlates of ketamine treatment may facilitate and expedite the development of novel, robust, and safe rapid-acting antidepressants. Prefrontal cortex (PFC) global brain connectivity with global signal regression (GBCr) was recently identified as a putative biomarker of major depressive disorder. Accumulating evidence have repeatedly shown reduced PFC GBCr in major depressive disorder, an abnormality that appears to normalize following ketamine treatment. Methods Fifty-six unmedicated participants with major depressive disorder were randomized to intravenous placebo (normal saline; n = 18), ketamine (0.5 mg/kg; n = 19), or lanicemine (100 mg; n = 19). PFC GBCr was computed using time series from functional magnetic resonance imaging scans that were completed at baseline, during infusion, and at 24-h posttreatment. Results Compared to placebo, ketamine significantly increased average PFC GBCr during infusion ( p = 0.01) and at 24-h posttreatment ( p = 0.02). Lanicemine had no significant effects on GBCr during infusion ( p = 0.45) and at 24-h posttreatment ( p = 0.23) compared to placebo. Average delta PFC GBCr (during minus baseline) showed a pattern of positively predicting depression improvement in participants receiving ketamine ( r = 0.44; p = 0.06; d = 1.0) or lanicemine ( r = 0.55; p = 0.01; d = 1.3) but not those receiving placebo ( r = −0.1; p = 0.69; d = 0.02). Follow-up vertex-wise analyses showed ketamine-induced GBCr increases in the dorsolateral, dorsomedial, and frontomedial PFC during infusion and in the dorsolateral and dorsomedial PFC at 24-h posttreatment ( corrected p < 0.05). Exploratory vertex-wise analyses examining the relationship with depression improvement showed positive correlation with GBCr in the dorsal PFC during infusion and at 24-h posttreatment but negative correlation with GBCr in the ventral PFC during infusion ( uncorrected p < 0.01). Conclusions In a randomized placebo-controlled approach, the results provide the first evidence in major depressive disorder of ketamine-induced increases in PFC GBCr during infusion and suggest that ketamine’s rapid-acting antidepressant properties are related to its acute effects on prefrontal connectivity. Overall, the study findings underscore the similarity and differences between ketamine and another N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist while proposing a pharmacoimaging paradigm for the optimization of novel rapid-acting antidepressants prior to testing in costly clinical trials.
Comparative effectiveness of a standard behavioral and physical activity enhanced behavioral weight loss intervention in Black women

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Black women typically lose small amounts of weight in behavioral weight loss interventions, partially due to low engagement in physical activity. Culturally relevant enhancement of the physical activity component may improve weight loss. This study compared the effectiveness of a culturally-relevant, physical activity-enhanced behavioral weight loss intervention to a standard behavioral weight loss intervention in Black women (n = 85) over 6 months. The study was conducted in two cohorts from March 2016 to February 2017 at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Participants had an average age of 48.30 ± 11.02 years with an average body mass index of 36.46 ± 4.50 kg/m2. Standard and enhanced groups’ weight change (−2.83 kg and −2.08 kg, respectively) and change in physical activity (43.93 min/ week and 15.29 min/week, respectively) did not differ between groups. Significantly more standard group participants lost 5% of baseline weight compared to enhanced group participants. This study produced typical weight loss results in Black women. Behavioral weight loss treatment remains moderately effective for Black women. Strategies to increase attendance and self-monitoring, and the inclusion of cultural contexts to weight-related behaviors are needed to improve outcomes.
Clinical characteristics of cytomegalovirus positive Posner-Schlossman syndrome and the effect of 20g/L Ganciclovir eye drops intervention

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

AIM: To compare the clinical characteristics of cytomegalovirus positive and negative patients with Posner-Schlossman syndrome(PSS), and the clinical efficacy and short-term recurrence of 20g/L ganciclovir eye drops in local treatment of patients with CMV positive PSS were evaluated. METHODS: Differences between CMV positive(86 cases, 86 eyes)and CMV negative(60 cases, 60 eyes)PSS patients were compared. General information, ocular parameters and distribution, IFN-γ and IL-4 levels in aqueous humor, clinical efficacy and recurrence within 1a were compared between the conventional group(30 cases, 30 eyes)and the experimental group(56 cases, 56 eyes). RESULTS: Among the 146 PSS patients included, the CMV positive rate was 58.9%. The average intraocular pressure and the difference in the number of corneal endothelial cells between the onset eye and the contralateral eye in CMV positive patients were significantly increased, and the number of corneal endothelial cells in the onset eye was significantly decreased(P<0.05). After treatment, all ocular parameters and distribution in the experimental group were significantly better than those in the conventional group(P<0.05), IFN-γ level in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the conventional group, and IL-4 level was significantly higher than that in the conventional group(P<0.05). Compared with the conventional group, the experimental group had a high total effective rate, a short cure time, a low recurrence rate within 1a and a long recurrence interval, with statistically significant differences(P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Patients with CMV positive PSS had higher intraocular pressure and greater damage to corneal endothelial cells than PSS patients with CMV negative. 20g/L ganciclovir eye drops can effectively control intraocular pressure and inflammation by resisting CMV infection, with significant clinical efficacy and not easy to relapse in the short term.