jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The effect of thermal effluent, before and after macrophyte harvesting, on standing crop and species composition of benthic macroinvertebrate communities in Lake Wabamun, Alberta

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The heated area of Lake Wabamun prior to macrophyte harvesting had higher submerged macrophyte production, greater amounts of plant detritus in the sediment, and a higher standing crop of benthic macroinvertebrates than the unheated area. Species composition of the benthic macroinvertebrate community was also much different in the heated area with the warmest areas supporting a community dominated by tubificid oligochaetes (Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri and Tubifex tubifex), and the moderately heated areas supporting a community dominated by large Chironomus species (Chironomus plumosus and Chironomus atroviridis). Benthos of the unheated parts of the lake consisted mainly of smaller chironomid species such as Chironomus maturus, C. (cf.) staegeri, Polypedilum nubeculosum, Cladotanytarsus spp., and Tanytarsus spp. The heated area was subjected to mechanical macrophyte harvesting which removed the majority of the submerged macrophytes. This reduced the amount of plant detritus within the sediment and also the standing crop of benthic macroinvertebrates in the heated area. Species composition of the oligochaete-dominated community was not affected by harvesting. Species composition of the Chironomus-dominated area was greatly affected by harvesting and became more similar to that of the unheated area; densities of the large Chironomus species were reduced to low levels, while the densities of smaller chironomid species increased.
Cost Sensitive Pushout Policy for the Buffer Management in Versatile Traffic Switch

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We are presenting here a buffer management policy for versatile traffic. In the case of ATM switch, we have to drop only one packet of low priority to accommodate a packet of high priority, because all packets (cells) are of same size. Thus if we have to improve QoS of high priority packets we can give the worse treatment to low priority packets. This is a procedure to increase total weighted throughput. But in the case of Differentiated Service model where versatility in data traffic is there due to packets of multiple priorities and different lengths, we may have to drop more than one packet of low priority to accommodate a high priority packet. But one interesting question remains, how many packets of low priority should be dropped to save a single high priority packet? In this paper we have demonstrated that merely treating low priority up to worst extent to improve QoS of high priority doesn't improve the total weighted throughput in DiffServ. model. A line must be drawn beyond which worse treatment to low priority packet must be stopped when the goal is to minimize the probability of loss of total weighted cost. We are presenting here the Cost Sensitive Pushout Policy, which gives a class of buffer management policy to maximize total weighted throughput.
Spiral and target wave chimeras in a 2D lattice of map-based neuron models

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

We study the dynamics of a two-dimensional lattice of nonlocally coupled-map-based neuron models represented by Rulkov maps. It is firstly shown that this discrete-time neural network can exhibit spiral and target waves and corresponding chimera states when the control parameters (the coupling strength and the coupling radius) are varied. It is demonstrated that one-core, multicore, and ring-shaped core spiral chimeras can be realized in the network. We also reveal a novel type of chimera structure—a target wave chimera. We explore the transition from spiral wave chimeras to target wave structures when varying the coupling parameters. We report for the first time that the spiral wave regime can be suppressed by applying noise excitations, and the subsequent transition to the target wave mode occurs.
Degassing Mechanisms of Kimberlite Magma at Its Initial Ascent: Experimental Data at 5.5 and 3.0 GPa

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The mechanisms of kimberlite magma effervescence were experimentally studied for the first time with the use of kimberlite-like melts, which are formed by the dissolution of garnet lherzolite in model CO2- and H2O-rich carbonate melts at 3.0 and 5.5 GPa, in the temperature range of 1200–1350°C. In the studied systems at 3.0 GPa and 1200°C, the melting degrees vary from 30 to 68 wt %. In the systems with the addition of 9 wt % CO2 and 2.5 wt % H2O in the form of oxalic acid, the Ol–Opx–Cpx–Phl(?)–Mgs−L assemblages are stable (in the Lc(lerzolite)−B10 system (asthenospheric carbonate melt)–CO2–H2O) or Ol–Opx–Phl(?)–Mgs−L assemblages (in the Lc−GS (subduction carbonate melt)–CO2–H2O system). Phlogopite in the assemblages may be a quenching phase. In the systems with the addition of 21 wt % CO2 and 6 wt % H2O, the assemblages Opx−Cpx−Mgs−L or Opx−Mgs−L are stable in the samples. At 3.0 GPa and 1350°C, garnet lherzolite almost completely dissolves, and the only stable phases are Opx–L or melt (L) alone. The estimated solubility of molecular CO2 in carbonate–silicate melts at 3.0 GPa decreases from 14–23 to <10 wt % as the temperature decreases from 1350 to 1200°C. Experiments conducted following a specially developed two-stage scenario to reproduce the rapid magma ascent from levels of 5.5 to 3.0 GPa with a temperature drop from 1350 to 1270°C made it possible to achieve effervescence or “boiling” of the samples. The main process controlling the release of CO2 fluid is the reaction of magnesite with the melt without formation of olivine: Mgs + L1 = L2 + Fl, where L2 is enriched in MgO and depleted in SiO2 compared to L1. The orthopyroxene remains stable. Thus, the capture and/or formation of magnesite in xenogenic material transported by magma can create prerequisites for its effervescence at magma ascent from 5.5 to 3.0 GPa and a temperature decrease from 1350 to 1270°C.
Do NHS GP surgeries employing GPs additionally trained in integrative or complementary medicine have lower antibiotic prescribing rates? Retrospective cross-sectional analysis of national primary care prescribing data in England in 2016

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objective To determine differences in antibiotic prescription rates between conventional General Practice (GP) surgeries and GP surgeries employing general practitioners (GPs) additionally trained in integrative medicine (IM) or complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) (referred to as IM GPs) working within National Health Service (NHS) England. Design Retrospective study on antibiotic prescription rates per STAR-PU (Specific Therapeutic group Age–sex weighting Related Prescribing Unit) using NHS Digital data over 2016. Publicly available data were used on prevalence of relevant comorbidities, demographics of patient populations and deprivation scores. Setting Primary Care. Participants 7283 NHS GP surgeries in England. Primary outcome measure The association between IM GPs and antibiotic prescribing rates per STAR-PU with the number of antibiotic prescriptions (total, and for respiratory tract infection (RTI) and urinary tract infection (UTI) separately) as outcome. Results IM GP surgeries (n=9) were comparable to conventional GP surgeries in terms of list sizes, demographics, deprivation scores and comorbidity prevalence. Negative binomial regression models showed that statistically significant fewer total antibiotics (relative risk (RR) 0.78, 95% CI 0.64 to 0.97) and RTI antibiotics (RR 0.74, 95% CI 0.59 to 0.94) were prescribed at NHS IM GP surgeries compared with conventional NHS GP surgeries. In contrast, the number of antibiotics prescribed for UTI were similar between both practices. Conclusion NHS England GP surgeries employing GPs additionally trained in IM/CAM have lower antibiotic prescribing rates. Accessibility of IM/CAM within NHS England primary care is limited. Main study limitation is the lack of consultation data. Future research should include the differences in consultation behaviour of patients self-selecting to consult an IM GP or conventional surgery, and its effect on antibiotic prescription. Additional treatment strategies for common primary care infections used by IM GPs should be explored to see if they could be used to assist in the fight against antimicrobial resistance.
Adrenocortical Function in Obesity and Cushing's Syndrome

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

1. The 24 h urinary excretions of Porter—Silber (P—S) chromogens, 17-hydroxycorticosteroids (17-OHCS) and free cortisol, and day-night variation of plasma P—S chromogens, were studied in normal and obese women and patients with a confirmed diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome. 2. The mean absolute values of P—S chromogens, 17-OHCS and free cortisol were similar for the normal and obese subjects and elevated in Cushing's syndrome. With the exception of the 17-OHCS there was some overlapping of the individual values within the three groups. All the subjects with Cushing's syndrome and several of the obese subjects had values of 17-OHCS which were outside the normal range. 3. The 24 h urinary 17-OHCS and free cortisol excretion expressed per kg body weight were significantly lower for the obese than for the control subjects and subjects with Cushing's syndrome. The values were significantly higher for the subjects with Cushing's syndrome than for the obese and normal subjects. There was some overlapping of the individual values. 4. Two normal and two obese subjects failed to show significant day-night variation, whereas only four of the patients with Cushing's syndrome had significant day-night variation of plasma P—S chromogens. 5. The urinary 17-OHCS for four of the obese subjects with some symptoms of adrenocortical hyperactivity were suppressed normally on a low dose of dexamethasone whereas those with Cushing's syndrome failed to do so.
A Neutron Dose Calibration by a Low Power Reactor

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A few methods for neutron dose measurement have been examined. In this paper, a simple method for dose calibration by a low power reactor is introduced. Calibration with the theoretically calculated values of some neutron dosimeters was made. This calibration was based upon the neutron flux values estimated by the activation method using the neutron field of UTR-B operating at 0.1W. On The calibration with the Bendix fast neutron dosimeter and thermal neutron dosimeters, the experimental values were found to be close enough to the theoritical values to be of practical use from the operational health physics stand point.
Polysiloxane Encapsulation of High Level Calcine Waste for Transportation or Disposal

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Engineers at the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL) are investigating the use of a proprietary silicon-polymer to encapsulate high-level calcine waste stored at the INEEL's Idaho Nuclear Technology and Engineering Center (INTEC). The silicon-polymer-encapsulated waste may be suitable for direct disposal at a radioactive waste disposal facility or for transport to an offsite melter for further processing. In connection with silicon-polymer encapsulation, the University of Akron, under special arrangement with Orbit Technologies, the originator of the Polymer Encapsulation Technology (PET), has studied a simulated waste material from INTEC called pilot-scale calcine that contains hazardous materials but no radioactive isotopes. In this study, Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) and Materials Characterization Center Test 1P were performed to test the waste form for disposal. In addition, a maximum waste loading was established for transporting the calcine waste at INTEC to an offsite melter. For this maximum waste loading, compressive strength testing, 10-m drop testing, melt testing, and a Department of Transportation (DOT) oxidizer test were performed.
Emerging inflammatory dermatoses: New entities, novel observations, and concept review of selected established conditions

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

There has been relatively little change during the past four decades in the way dermatopathologists approach and interpret biopsies obtained from inflammatory skin disorders. If anything, there has been a stronger emphasis on clinicopathologic correlation as an aid to arrive at a clinically meaningful diagnosis. Nevertheless, new and novel observations made under the microscope have improved our understanding of several existing conditions and paved the way toward recognition of newer entities. This review looks at a selection of inflammatory dermatoses which are either newly recognized or where unique microscopic findings published in recent years have refined our understanding of some established conditions.
Exploring the Potential Use of Wearable Devices as a Prognostic Tool among Patients in Hospice Care

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: Smartphones and wearable devices have become a part and parcel of the healthcare industry. The use of wearable technology has already proved its potentials in improving healthcare research, clinical work, and patient care. The real time data allows the care providers to monitor the patients’ symptoms remotely, prioritize the patients’ visits, assist in decision-making, and carry out advanced care planning. Objectives: The primary objective of our study was to investigate the potential use of wearable devices as a prognosis tool among patients in hospice care and palliative care, and the secondary objective was to examine the association between wearable devices and clinical data in the context of patient outcomes, such as discharge and deceased at various time intervals. Methods: We employed a prospective observational research approach to continuously monitor the hand movements of the selected 68 patients between December 2019 and June 2022 via an actigraphy device at hospice or palliative care ward of Taipei Medical University Hospital (TMUH) in Taiwan. Results: The results revealed that the patients with higher scores in the Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS), and Palliative Performance Scale (PPS) tended to live at discharge, while Palliative Prognostic Score (PaP) and Palliative prognostic Index (PPI) also shared the similar trend. In addition, the results also confirmed that all these evaluating tools only suggested rough rather than accurate and definite prediction. The outcomes (May be Discharge (MBD) or expired) were positively correlated with accumulated angle and spin values, i.e., the patients who survived had higher angle and spin values as compared to those who died/expired. Conclusion: The outcomes had higher correlation with angle value compared to spin and ACT. The correlation value increased within the first 48 h and then began to decline. We recommend rigorous prospective observational studies/randomized control trials with many participants for the investigations in the future.
Positive Intraoperative Cultures in Cup Revisions of THA: What Happens to the Stem?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Positive intraoperative cultures (PICs) are encountered in some patients undergoing revision of the acetabular cup after a previous THA. It is unknown whether PIC of the cup indicates whether the stem is infected as well and what happens to the stem during follow-up. Questions/purposes (1) What proportion of patients undergoing THA who undergo cup revision have PICs? (2) What is the survival of the stem during follow-up in cup revisions with PICs versus that of those with negative cultures? (3) Does antibiotic treatment of PIC of the cup prevent revision THA during follow-up? Methods In this retrospective, comparative multicenter study, five surgeons at four centers performed 338 acetabular cup revisions between January 2015 and December 2017. After evaluating the data, we excluded one patient because of an incomplete dataset and 77 patients because fewer than three intraoperative cultures were obtained during surgery, leaving 260 patients for analysis. Follow-up was 2 years. Patients were stratified into three cohorts: no PIC, one PIC, and two or more PICs. Results The proportion of patients with one or more PIC was 15% (39 of 260). A total of 8% (21 of 260) had one and 7% (18 of 260) had two or more PICs. Stem survival was lower in patients with two or more PICs, but stem revision for periprosthetic joint infection was similar between groups. Two-year survival, which was defined as freedom from revision for any cause or infection, was 97% (95% confidence interval 95% to 99%) in the group without PICs, 100% (95% CI 95% to 100%) in the group with one PIC, and 86% (95% CI 68% to 100%; p = 0.08) in the group with two or more PICs. None of the patients in the no PIC and one PIC groups were treated with antibiotics. In the two or more PICs cohort, 12 of 18 patients were treated. The stem survived in one of 12 patients treated with antibiotics versus two of six patients who were not treated with antibiotics. Conclusion When treated with antibiotics, more than two PICs isolated during cup revision surgery do not have a major impact on survival of the stem during follow-up. A larger cohort of patients with PICs during cup revision might confirm these findings. Level of Evidence Level III, therapeutic study.
The Need for Agro-Ecological Intelligence to Preparing Agriculture for Climate Change

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Gratefully, the quality of life for billions of people will improve drastically during the coming decades. This implies that the production of virtually every commodity will have to increase dramatically. Agriculture-related activities ought to provide food, feed, and non-edible plant-based products. The availability of natural resources per person will, however, continue to decline. Resource degradation like erosion, soil fertility decline, and water pollution further constrain production increases. Hence, the use efficiency of natural resources will have to be boosted drastically, while variability should be curtailed through enhanced buffering capacity of the production base to prevent shock in food systems. These changes in agricultural strategies also call for interdisciplinary research groups to seek for synergies between production factors. This paper provides an overview of the challenges to meet the above mentioned production conditions and stresses the need for agro-ecological intelligence in choosing agricultural development strategies and, therefore, in designing agro-ecosystems. Plant production is taken as a starting point where global change, including climate, are considered in an integral manner
Temperature Effect on GaSb/GaAs Quantum Dots Solar Cell

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

In this work, we have studied the GaSb/GaAs Quantum Dot Solar Cell for different number of quantum dot layers, the short circuit current, the open circuit voltage, the fill factor and the conversion efficiency are improved with increasing the insertion of quantum dot layers in the intrinsic region; The best values of these parameters are obtained for structure with 30 QD layers. These results are supported by the external quantum efficiency measurements. Then the analysis of the GaSb/GaAs -30 QDSC with temperature change range from 260 K to 400 K indicates that the photovoltaic device performance are degraded when temperature increases such as the open circuit voltage, the fill factor and the conversion efficiency, however the short circuit current shows an enhancement of about 20.24% compared with its value obtained at room temperature.
Comparison of some methods for the determination of total sulfur in plant tissues

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract There are several methods for determining total sulfur (S) in plant materials but few studies comparing several methods. In this study, we compared six methods, viz, dry ashing‐inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry (ICP), oxygen flask combustion ‐ ICP, oxygen flask combustion ‐ ion chromatography (IC), automated combustion (LECO CNS‐2000), and two variants of micro‐ wave‐acid digestion (HNO3/HClO4 or HNO3/H2O2/HCl) followed by ICP analysis. Six tissue types (citrus leaf, canola seed, com leaf, pine needle, red clover shoot, and wheat flour) were decomposed by the above methods in two batches (days) of three subsamples each. Average tissue S content as determined by the methods was: automated combustion = HNO3/H2O2/HCl ‐ICP > oxygen flask combustion = dry ashing > HNO3/HClO4‐ICP. There was a small but significant method x tissue interaction, with some methods giving higher S values for certain tissue types and vice versa. Oxygen flask combustion followed by ICP or ion chromatographic analysis gave similar S values for all tissue types indicating complete oxidation of plant S to sulfate. Mean coefficients of variation ranged from 3.1 to 5. 5%. Both the HNO3/HClO4 and the HNO3/H2O2/HCl microwave digestion‐ICP methods were suitable to somewhat different degrees for multi‐elemental analysis, but the tested dry ashing‐ICP method was not suitable without modification.
Lithic projectiles and other chipped lithic industry of Nitra Culture. Gender and technology

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Kořeny socialně stratifikovane spolecnosti rozvinute doby bronzove středni Evropy vychazi z turbulentniho vývoje zavěru eneolitu a casne doby bronzove. Nitranska kultura je významným elementem v tomto procesu. Význam kamenne stipane industrie je v těchto mimořadných obdobich poněkud nepravem zastiněn rozvijejicim se uplatněnim nejprve měděných a vzapěti bronzových výrobků a jejich apriorniho potencialu reflektovat spolecenske postaveni svých nositelů. Kamenna industrie pochazejici z rozsahlých pohřebisť nitranske kultury zkoumaných v minulem stoleti je nyni re-analyzovana pomoci kombinace modernich metod a přistupů. Nove vyhodnoceni přinasi nove informace o operovani s kamennou surovinou v různých fazich jejiho životniho cyklu, v souvislostech s věkovými skupinami i pohlavim zemřelých. Jsou identifikovany dřive nerozpoznane typy nastrojů i cele toolkity, stejně jako řada polotovarů, ktere svědci o výrobnich postupech i rozsiřeni těchto znalosti a zkusenosti v populaci. Soucasti komplexniho výzkumu je i nove studium nejatraktivnějsiho morfotypu kamenne industrie nitranske kultury – kamenneho projektilu a jeho praktickeho uplatněni. Komparovany jsou dva nejrozsahlejsi soubory z pohřebisť nitranske kultury, tj. Mýtna Nova Ves a Holesov – Zdražilovska. Tato komparace skýta dalsi informace o regionalnich odlisnostech odrazů socialni struktury, tradic i výrobnich praxi.