jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The geologic record of climatic change

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

This paper reviews the principal results from paleoclimate studies and includes background material slanted toward climate modelers. The inferred temperature history of the last 4.6 billion years indicates major changes in the components of the earth's climate system. A secular change in global insolation receipt is due to a 20–30% increase in solar luminosity since the formation of the earth. A CO 2 ‐H 2 O greenhouse effect may have offset the lower luminosity during early earth history. Inferred fluctuations of global temperature have occurred over a broad range of time scales. On time scales of 10 6 –10 8 years, paleogeographic factors (e.g., continental drift and sea level changes) have contributed significantly to temperature changes associated with transitions between nonglacial and glacial states. Preliminary modeling efforts indicate that additional factors (e.g., CO 2 , changes in atmospheric circulation) must also be considered in order to explain the origin of nonglacial climates. The origin of polar ice caps may result from ocean circulation changes that were caused by plate tectonic processes. Fluctuations of ice volume on a time scale of 10³–10 5 years correlate with insolation variations caused by orbital perturbations. Feedback interactions within the land‐sea‐air‐ice system (e.g., ocean circulation changes and bedrock dynamics) have been responsible for a significant modulation of the orbital signal. Ice ages may be due to orbitally induced temperature changes superimposed on a global cooling of terrestrial origin.
Abstract P198: Does Cetp Mass Contribute to the Response of LDL Particle Size to a 1-yr Lifestyle Modification Program in Viscerally Obese Dyslipidemic Men?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Numerous studies have demonstrated improvements in lipid and lipoprotein levels with endurance exercise training and weight loss. However, less is known about the contribution of the enzyme cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) to the response of lipoprotein levels to a physical activity/healthy eating lifestyle modification program. Objective: To examine the effect of a 1-year lifestyle modification program inducing loss of visceral adipose tissue on plasma CETP mass in abdominally obese dyslipidemic men. Methods: Plasma CETP mass concentration was measured by ELISA at baseline and after a 1-year lifestyle modification program in 116 abdominally obese men aged 30 to 65 years without diabetes. Visceral adiposity was assessed by computed tomography and a complete fasting plasma lipoprotein-lipid profile was also obtained at baseline and after the intervention. Results: After 1 year, no significant changes were observed in CETP mass (1.91±0.45 vs.1.93±0.49 mg/l, ns). However, both HDL (81.7±2.1 vs. 83.8±3.1 Å, p<0.0001) and LDL (252.1±3.9 vs. 253.6±3.7 Å, p<0.0001) particle sizes assessed by gradient gel electrophoresis were increased. Whereas no significant correlation between change in HDL size and CETP mass was observed, change in LDL size was significantly correlated with change in CETP mass (r=−0.30, p=0.001). We also divided men into two groups: men who showed no change or an increase in their CETP mass (ΔCETP≥0) and men who decreased their CETP mass (ΔCETP<0). Men who reduced their CETP mass after one year showed a greater increase in LDL size (Δ 2.37±3.18 vs.0.32±3.04 Å, p=0.0006) and a greater decrease in triglyceride levels (Δ-0.70±0.86 vs. −0.34±0.80 mmol/l, p=0.03) than men who showed no change or an increase in CETP mass. A Multivariate analysis revealed that 19% of the variance in the response of LDL size could be attributed to changes in triglyceride levels (15%) and in CETP mass (4%) (p=0.02). Conclusion: Whereas no significant change in CETP mass was observed, our results showed that individual variation in the response of CETP mass contributed to the response of LDL particle size to a 1-yr lifestyle modification program in viscerally obese dyslipidemic men.
Early intervention in mental health: opportunities and challenges

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This chapter outlines the frameworks for practice in early psychosis, describes some of the interventions that social workers may undertake in this context, considers some of the research occurring in this arena and, provides some resources for further study. In contemporary mental health services, including those specialising in early intervention, care is generally provided by multidisciplinary teams. Clinical mental health services traditionally work within the structure of a medical hierarchy and social workers can at times find this challenging. Early psychosis services exist in a variety of formats, some are specialist, stand-alone services while others are integrated with the broader mental health system. Recovery' has been described as 'a consistent unifying principle in contemporary mental health policies and services'. A systematic review published in the British Journal of Psychiatry provides an excellent explanation of recovery. Like many areas of social work practice, mental health practice is closely tied to a legislative framework.
Modifying Precursor Solutions to Obtain Screen-Printable Inks for Tungsten Oxides Electrochromic Film Preparation

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Tungsten trioxide (WO3) is used to prepare the important electrochromic layer of the electrochromic device as a wide bandgap semiconductor material. In this study, WO3 electrochromic film was successfully prepared by screen printing. To modify the thixotropy and wettability of the ink, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and 2-perfluoroalkyl ethanol (FSO) were added in the ammonium meta-tungstate (AMT) solution. We found that the PVA additive could improve the dynamic viscosity of the solution and modify the uniformity of the film. 2-Perfluoroalkyl ethanol (FSO) could lower the surface tension and increase the wettability of the AMT solution on the substrate. By observing the morphology of the printed films, the ink formulas for screen printing were selected. We found the annealing process could help remove PVA. Through characterization of electrochromic performance, it was found that the best performing device had 42.57% modulation and 93.25 cm2·C−1 coloration efficiency (CE) for 600 nm light. This study showed great potential in the preparation of WO3 electrochromic devices by a low-cost screen-printing method.
Supporting Autonomic Computing via BDI Tooling

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this abstract, we briefly discuss the relationship between Agent-Oriented software engineering, with special attention to the Belief-Desire-Intention paradigm, and the world of autonomic computing. Although these two worlds seem on paper to be complementary, in the sense that BDI sounds like a highly effective paradigm to implement autonomic systems, in practice, they are not widespread as technological choices in the community. We argue that the reason is mostly related to the current state of the tooling rather than the paradigm, and we propose a novel approach to build tools for BDI agent-oriented programming that could ease adoption in the autonomic and self-organising systems community.
[The predictive value of dynamic changes of neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) combined with the model of end-stage liver disease (MELD) score in patients with acute-on-chronic hepatitis B liver failure].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: To determine the predictive value of dynamic changes of neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) combined with the model of end-stage liver disease (MELD) score in patients with acute-on-chronic hepatitis B liver failure. Methods: Patients with acute-on-chronic hepatitis B liver failure who were hospitalized in the Department of Hepatology of Qilu Hospital of Shandong University from January 2010 to July 2023 were retrospectively enrolled. According to the clinical outcomes of patients within 30 days of admission, they were divided into the survival group and the death group. The dynamic changes in NLR and initial values on day 3, 5, 8, and 12 in two groups were analyzed for the diagnostic value of 30-day prognosis in patients with acute-on-chronic hepatitis B liver failure. Logistic regression analysis and machine learning XGBoost algorithm were used to evaluate the risk factors influencing the prognosis of patients at 30 days. Receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve was used to evaluate the diagnostic value of NLR and initial value change combined with MELD score on day 12 of admission in patients with chronic acute hepatitis B liver failure. Results: A total of 243 patients were enrolled in the study, including 145 patients in the survival group [115 males, 30 females, aged 25-74 (47±11)] and 98 patients in the death group [80 males, 18 females, aged 22-80 (49±13) ]. The median initial NLR of survival group and death group were 3.5 (2.1, 5.3) and 4.9 (2.9, 8.3), respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (P=0.003). The variation of NLR from the initial value on day 3, 5, 8, and 12 in the survival group [1.6 (0, 4.3), 1.9 (-0.2, 4.1), 2.0 (-0.1, 4.3) and 2.9 (0.3, 7.0), respectively] were lower than that in the death group [3.2 (0.9, 7.5), 5.1 (1.8, 7.6), 5.8 (2.0, 10.6) and 9.6 (3.5, 16.4), respectively] (all P<0.001). Logistic regression multivariate analysis showed that the changes in NLR on the 12th day and initial value (OR=1.07,95%CI:1.01-1.14, P=0.014), the changes in NLR on the 3rd day and initial value (OR=2.71, 95%CI: 1.32-5.55, P=0.007), the initial value of NLR (OR=1.18,95%CI:1.01-1.37,P=0.035) and fibrinogen (OR=0.21,95%CI:0.05-0.96,P=0.044) were related factors for death within 30 days. Machine learning XGBoost algorithm showed that the weight of the change between the NLR on the 12th day and the initial value was the highest. The area under the ROC curve of the combined MELD score was 0.812 (95%CI: 0.728-0.895), the specificity was 67.78%, and the sensitivity was 82.35%. Conclusion: Dynamic change of NLR combined with MELD score has high predictive value for the short-term prognosis of patients with acute-on-chronic hepatitis B liver failure.
Watching the days go by: asymmetric regulation of caterpillar development by changes in photoperiod

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Many insects possess the plastic ability to either develop directly to adulthood, or enter diapause and postpone reproduction until the next year, depending on environmental cues (primarily photoperiod) that signal the amount of time remaining until the end of the growth season. These two developmental pathways often differ in co-adapted life history traits, e.g. with slower development and larger size in individuals headed for diapause. The developmental timing of these differences may be of adaptive importance: if pathways diverge late, the scope for phenotypic differences is smaller, whereas if pathways diverge early, the risk is higher of expressing a maladaptive phenotype if the selective environment changes. Here we explore the effects of changes in photoperiodic information during life on pupal diapause and associated life history traits in the butterfly Pararge aegeria. We find that both pupal diapause and larval development rate are asymmetrically regulated: while exposure to long days late in life (regardless of earlier experiences) was sufficient to produce nondiapause development and accelerate larval development accordingly, more prolonged exposure to short days was required to induce diapause and slow down pre-diapause larval development. While the two developmental pathways diverged early in development, development rates could be partially reversed by altered environmental cues. Meanwhile, pathway differences in body size were more inflexible, despite emerging late in development. Hence, in P. aegeria several traits are regulated by photoperiod, along subtly different ontogenies, into an integrated phenotype that strikes a balance between flexibility and phenotype-environment matching.
Vampyrum spectrum

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Vampyrum spectrum (Linnaeus) VOUCHER MATERIAL: 2 females (AMNH *267446; MNHN *1995.1051) and 1 male (AMNH *267132); see table 33 for measurements. IDENTIFICATION: Vampyrum spectrum is the largest bat in the Neotropics and is easily identified by size alone. Descriptions and measurements have been provided by Goodwin and Greenhall (1961), Husson (1962, 1978), Swanepoel and Genoways (1979), Williams and Genoways (1980a), Navarro and Wilson (1982), and Brosset and Charles­ Dominique (1990). No subspecies are currently recognized (Navarro and Wilson, 1982; Koopman, 1994). Our voucher material conforms in all respects to previous descriptions of the species. FIELD OBSERVATIONS: All four Vampyrum spectrum we captured at Paracou were taken in ground­level mistnets: two in creekside primary forest and two in manmade clearings bordered by welldrained primary forest. One individual was obviously attracted to the net by the squeals of an entangled Uroderma bilobatum, around which it swooped several times before becoming entangled itself.
Alcohol Use Disorder in immigrant patients: 2-years of follow-up treatment.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In recent decades the immigrant population has increased significantly in Western countries, which not only influences the former culturally but also in their alcohol consumption patterns. The course of immigration can cause social stress, which can lead to uprooting, frustration of their expectations or marginality, which are risk factors for an increase in alcohol consumption, possibly in order to face their different problems. The aims of this study are: to investigate the progression along two years of treatment of a sample of immigrant patients with Alcohol Use Disorder, to compare it with a sample of Spanish natives and to analyze the evolution of immigrant patients according to the geographical area of origin.
Electrocatalytic Performance of Silicotungstic Acid Modified Carbon Supported Pd Catalyst for Oxidation of Fomic Acid

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The carbon supported Pd(Pd/C) anodic catalyst in the direct formic acid fuel cell(DFAFC) was prepared with the complex reduction method and the promote action of silicotungstic acid(SiWA) in the electrolyte for the oxidation of formic acid at the Pd/C catalyst was investigated.It was found that SiWA could increase the electrocatalytic activity and stability for the oxidation of formic acid.The promote action is related to the SiWA concentration.When the SiWA concentration is 0.40 g·L-1 the promote action is the largest.However,when the SiWA concentration is higher than 0.40 g·L-1,overfull adsorbed SiWA would cover too much active points of the Pd/C catalyst,leading to a decrease in the promote action of SiWA.In addition,because the adsorption of SiWA on the Pd/C catalyst decreases the adsorption strength of CO on the Pd/C catalyst,SiWA could increase the electrocatalytic stability of the Pd/C catalyst for the oxidation of formic acid and also promote the oxidation of formic acid through the direct route.
Government Tax Policy in the Digital Economy

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The article considers the peculiarities of the formation and implementation of tax policy in the development of the digital economy, reveals current problems, and substantiates the need to change the tax system. The directions of compensation of the reduction of income from the labor tax through automation and introduction of artificial intelligence in technological processes are defined and the forms of taxation of digital commerce are offered. The research methods were scientific abstraction, logic, graphics, visual reflection, analytics. It has been proven that the process of digitalization of the economy in combination with the crisis caused by COVID-19 causes many risks that must be considered when developing tax policy. Emphasis is placed on the implementation of a tax policy based on digital transformation, which stimulates innovation, ensures efficiency, and improves the quality of tax services. Increasing the use of digital technologies has been shown to create challenges in many areas of public administration, including taxation. It concludes that there is a need for broad international cooperation to prevent tax evasion, ensure tax transparency and develop new tax approaches and software.
Dynamics of lymphocyte subpopulations, CD4+CD25+CD127- T regulatory cells in patients with rheumatoid arthritis during therapy with the rituximab biosimilar Acellbia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective : to evaluate the effect of the rituximab (RTM) biosimilar Acellbia on the peripheral blood levels of CD3+, CD3+CD4+, CD3+CD8+, CD16+CD56+, CD19+, and CD4+CD25+CD127- lymphocytes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Patients and methods . Examinations were made in 20 RA patients who received 2 RTM infusions at a total dose of 1200 mg. The levels of C-reactive protein, IgM rheumatoid factor, IgG, IgM, and IgA were measured by a nephelometric method. The relative and absolute contents of CD3+, CD3+CD4+, CD3+CD8+, CD16+CD56+, CD19+, CD4+CD25+CD127- T regulatory cells (Tregs) were estimated by multicolor flow cytofluorometry. Results and discussion . At week 24 of RTM therapy, there was a good/satisfactory effect according to EULAR criteria in 17 (85%) patients; DAS28 remission in 4 (20%), and SDAI remission in 2 (10%). The use of RTM was accompanied by a significant increase in the relative content of CD4+CD25+CD127- T lymphocytes, the median of which at weeks 12 and 24 after therapy initiation increased from 6.8 [5.2; 7.6]% to 7.3 [6.1; 8.3] and 6.97 [6.4; 8.2]%, respectively (p<0.05). The absolute peripheral blood count of Tregs tended to increase at weeks 12 after the first infusion of the drug (up to 0.05 [0.04; 0.075] ⋅ 109 /l; p=0.05). At week 24 follow-up, the patients who achieved SDAI remission/low disease activity had significantly higher baseline relative Tregs levels (7.35 [6.8; 7.97]% than those with the moderate activity of the pathological process (5.8 [4.3; 7.22] %; p<0.05). Conclusion . The use of the RTM biosimilar is accompanied by the development of complete depletion of CD19+ lymphocytes and by an increase in CD3+ and CD3+CD4+ lymphocytes and Tregs. The larger baseline number of CD4+CD25+CD127- lymphocytes is associated with the higher efficiency of RTM therapy.
Flying disc-wing : wind tunnel experiment

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The purpose of this report is to describe the design process and considerations taken when designing a new gyroscopic fixture and the experimental results and finding when the fixture was used in attempt to capture the gyroscopic precession motion in action. The first part of the report will talk about the objective and scope of the project, followed by the theory behind the precession motion using standard equation of motion of a body. The next portion will be the designing of the fixture, explaining the reasoning for the design and the different parts of the fixture and its purpose. After that, the report will discuss about the experimental methodology and the results obtained from the experiment. Different experiments were conducted with variation of parameters such as rotational direction, rotational speed of the disc and the wind speed. The last two sections will be the limitation of the project, mainly the fixture and the experimental limitations and the recommendations for potential future work.
USE OF PERFLUOROALKANOIC ACIDS AS VOLATILE ION PAIRING REAGENTS IN PREPARATIVE HPLC

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

This report describes the successful use of the ether soluble, ion pairing reagents perfluoropropionic and perfluorobutyric acid in the preparative and analytical reserved phase HPLC of underivatised peptides. The preparative separation of a l‐g sample of Pyr‐His‐Gly, the proposed anorexigenic peptide, is described on C 18 ‐silica which was packed in a flexible‐walled cartridge and subjected to radial compression. The mobile phase consisted of an aqueous solution of perfluorobutyric acid (5 mM) and a flow rate of 100 ml/min was used. The purified peptide was simply isolated by neutralizing and freeze‐drying the corresponding peak and then extracting the excess ion pairing reagent with ether. The product was then shown to be homogeneous by analytical HPLC and amino acid analysis. The tripeptide failed to show any effect on food intake, water intake or body weight in female rats. Similarly no effect was noted on the reproductive cycles of the rat.
Insulin-like growth factor-I gene polymorphism and its association with growth and slaughter characteristics in broiler chickens

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Insulin-like growth factor-I gene polymorphism and its association with growth and slaughter characteristics in broiler chickens Chicken insulin-like factor 1 gene ( IGF1 ) is a biological candidate gene for the investigation of growth, body composition, and metabolic and skeletal traits, and is also a positional candidate gene for growth and fat deposition in chickens. Two broiler populations Ross 308 and Cobb 500 were used to study the relationship between IGF1 gene polymorphism and phenotypic traits. A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) was identified in 132 individuals using the PCR-RFLP technique. Genotypical frequencies were, for genotype AA: 0.83-0.86, and for AC: 0.14-0.17. Associations between IGF1 promotor polymorphism and liver weight ( P ≤0.05) and liver weight as a percentage of the weight of the poultry carcass with the giblets ( P ≤0.05), were found in the AC genotype in a comparison of broiler homozygous chickens AA in the Cobb 500 line. In these broilers, the breast muscle and leg muscle weight in the AC genotype were higher, and abdominal fat weight lower compared with AA genotype chickens, but these differences were not significant.
Relationship between performance status and satisfaction with fentanyl pectin nasal spray

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Patients with breakthrough pain in cancer (BTPc) experience impaired activities of daily living and quality of life.Both function and satisfaction with treatment can impact patients' abilities to use products, and likely impact response to therapies.Objective: This exploratory analysis examined the relationship between functional status and satisfaction with ability to use fentanyl pectin nasal spray (FPNS) for BTPc.Methods: Treatment satisfaction data were analyzed from a multicenter, open-label, long-term study using FPNS for managing BTPc in patients with Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) grade ≤ 2. Satisfaction with ease of use, convenience, and reliability of FPNS were assessed on three-question, fourpoint scales (1 = not satisfied, 2 = not satisfied or dissatisfied, 3 = satisfied, 4 = very satisfied) at the end of 1, 4, 8, and 12 weeks.For each domain, percentage of patients who reported being "satisfied or very satisfied" (score 3 or 4) with FPNS was analyzed based on ECOG grade.Results: Overall, > 90 % of patients with ECOG 0-2 reported being satisfied or very satisfied with FPNS across all three domains.Differences in patient satisfaction with FPNS by ECOG grade were clinically small though statistically significant (ease of use: p = 0.0022, convenience: p = 0.0057, and reliability: p = 0.0012). Conclusion:The FPNS device was well accepted irrespective of ECOG grade (0-2).Statistically, patients with higher performance status (lower ECOG grades) reported higher sat-isfaction scores, though effect size was small.Results imply the FPNS device provides a high level of usability irrespective of functional status, which is likely to promote use and thus likelihood of success in controlling BTPc.