jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
244-LB: Data-Driven Metabolic Subgrouping of Obesity by Machine Learning (ML)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aim: Current clinical classification paradigms for obesity are unrefined and demand more precise classification. Methods: Unsupervised ML is used to cluster patients with obesity on 2 independent cohorts at 1 institution: an outpatient (n=507) and an inpatient (n=229) cohort. The clustering is performed separately on the 2 cohorts, based on 4 physician expert-selected clinical variables (age, AUC of insulin, FSH, urine acid). Statistics of a lean cohort (n=702) are measured as control. Results: The classification reveals 4 metabolic different obese clusters on each cohort (Fig 1). Jaccard similarity is 0.865 between the 2 cohorts’ clusters. MHO shows a moderate basal metabolic rate (BMR) with relative healthy hormone levels and glucometabolism. LMO shows the lowest BMR and hormone, oldest age, and most severe glucometabolism. Both HMO-T1 and HMO-T2 show the highest BMR and hormone, lowest glucose, highest incidents of hyperuricemia and female hyperandrogenemia. Moreover, higher urine acid and testosterone in female are observed in HMO-T1, while extremely high insulin secretion and low incidents of diabetes are seen in HMO-T2. Conclusion: Clinical characteristics-separable subgroups of obesity can be autonomously identified by ML, where the sub-grouping is generalizable across 2 independent cohorts. This may provide interpretation of pathogenesis and enable more precise therapy decision-making for patients with obesity. Disclosure Z. Lin: None. Y. Hui: None. S. Wu: Other Relationship; Spouse/Partner; LifeVantage. S. Qu: None. Funding National Key R&D Program of China (2018YFC1314100); National Natural Science Foundation of China for Youth (81500687); Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of Tongji University (22120190210)
Effect of Integrated IT Systems on Enterprise Competitiveness at Time of “Industry 4.0”

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The objective of this chapter to examine the effects of integrated information systems on enterprise competitiveness. The results of the authors' research on 168 large enterprises that are active in Poland are presented. The research hypotheses posited relate to the effects of information technologies on enterprise competitiveness in respect to any integrated IT systems in place. The dependence was measured from the four perspectives of a Strategic Scorecard; namely, the customer, development, internal processes, and financial perspectives. The theoretical section of the paper applies a critical review of specialist literature that concerns integrated IT systems and enterprise competitiveness in the era of Industry 4.0. The conducted research has clearly shown that an enterprise can gain a competitive advantage by using advanced data analysis and its application in the management process.
Liberty and equality. A critical response to the debate between James P. Sterba and Jan Narveson

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This article examines the libertarian arguments of Jan Narveson and James P. Sterba regarding the compatibility of liberty and equality. It then posits that their arguments fail in solving tensions between liberty and equality, because all fundamental rights cannot be derived from liberty. A coherent scheme of human rights is only possible if human dignity is used to balance the conflicting interests of liberty and equality. It then proceeds to make some suggestions on how human dignity as core value might help to solve tensions between equality and liberty.
Investigating Relative and Absolute Methods of Measuring HEXACO Personality Using Self- and Observer Reports

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract. Based on the principles of social comparison theory, the relative percentile (RP) method is an alternative approach to the measurement of psychological characteristics. It involves asking raters to explicitly estimate the percentage of a comparison group that they believe is lower than the target on a characteristic. This study explored the RP method for the measurement of personality. Specifically, we investigated the convergence of the RP with traditional (i.e., Likert-type) personality measures and the convergence between self- and observer reports. Both members of 142 Australian well-acquainted dyads rated themselves and their counterpart using the traditional Likert-type HEXACO-100 and a 25-item RP assessment of the HEXACO facets. Two weeks later, 78 participants completed the RP assessment again, allowing the assessment of test-retest reliability. The RP ratings showed mostly moderate reliability, though generally lower reliability than their corresponding traditional scales, and a relatively clear HEXACO factor structure. Furthermore, the RP ratings correlated significantly with the Likert-type ratings from the same rater (e.g., self–self) and with RP ratings from a different rater (i.e., self–observer), although convergence did vary by HEXACO domain. One potential issue with RP ratings, however, is that they mostly yielded Gaussian distributions, instead of the theoretically expected uniform distribution, which may suggest that it is challenging for respondents to estimate percentiles.
Investigating Characteristics of Hydatid Cyst Patients Referred to Health Centers in Kerman City, Iran

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives: Hydatid cysts are one of the most critical parasitic infections common to humans and animals and affect the health of communities. This study investigates the frequency distribution of hydatid cysts based on clinical and individual characteristics of patients referred to health centers in Kerman City, Iran, from 2011 to 2020. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, information was obtained from the medical records of 115 patients with hydatid cysts who were referred to hospitals and health centers during the years 2011-2020. Public and private clinics in Kerman City, Iran, were selected, and information on demography, and clinical and diagnostic approaches of patients were collected. Data analysis was performed using the SPSS software, version 22. Results: A total of 115 with a mean age of 20.31±0.89 years were included in the study. The highest number of patients was identified in 2013. More than half of the patients (53%) were female and the rest were male (47%). The age group of 20 to 40 years showed the highest rate of involvement (45.2%) while the age group of 60 to 80 years showed the lowest rate of involvement (1.3%). The majority of patients (76.5%) lived in the city and more than a quarter of patients had a history of contact with dogs (26.1%). Nausea (91.3%), chest pain and cough (46.1%), abdominal pain, and an enlarged liver (29.6%), were the most common clinical symptoms, and lungs (56.5%) and liver (31.3%) were the most involved organs in individuals. The disease was diagnosed by radiology and surgery in less than half of the patients (46.9%). Most patients (80%) received surgical and drug treatment together and the duration of treatment in less than half of them (45.2%) was two months. Discussion: The occurrence of hydatid cysts in Kerman City, Iran, especially in young people, is significant and the mean age of patients in Kerman City, similar to studies in some parts of the country, is very low, emphasizing the crucialness of being attentive to the disease and highlights the need for further research. Also, educating and informing families about the disease and its means of transmission along with controlling stray dogs can be beneficial in breaking the transmission chain.
Baseline C-Reactive Protein Level Predicts Survival of Early-Stage Lung Cancer: Evidence from a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose The prognostic impact of baseline C-reactive protein (CRP) in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is debated. To evaluate this issue, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to explore the role of CRP value in predicting early-stage NSCLC survival. Methods Ten articles on early-stage NSCLC were eligible and included in our study. We performed a random-effects meta-analysis and assessed heterogeneity and publication bias. We pooled hazard ratio (HR) estimates and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) on mortality for the comparison between the study-specific highest category of CRP level versus the lowest one. Results In overall analysis, elevated pretreatment CRP values were significantly associated with poor overall survival (HR 1.60, 95% CI 1.30-1.97, p<0.001, I 2 = 71.9%). Similar results were observed across considered strata. However, higher mortality risk was reported in studies in which CRP was combined with other factors (HR 1.96, 95% CI 1.58-2.45) and in those using a cutoff value of 3 mg/L (HR 1.89, 95% CI 1.52-2.35). Conclusions Based on our analysis, baseline high CRP level is significantly associated with poor prognosis in early-stage NSCLC. Further prospective controlled studies are needed to confirm these data.
Continued Dispensing: What medications do patients believe should be available?

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background. Continued Dispensing (CD) is a new medication supply method for certain medications in Australia. It aims to prevent treatment interruption as a result of patients’ inability to obtain a new valid prescription. The only currently eligible patients for this service are statin and oral contraceptive users who are: using these medications for 6 months or more, did not utilise the CD method during the last 12 months, and cannot obtain an immediate appointment with the prescriber in order to get a new prescription. This study aimed to investigate patients’ attitudes towards potential extension and expansion of this medication supply method. Methods. A randomly selected 301 users of these medications from all Australian States were recruited using Computer Assisted Telephone Interview (CATI). Result. The majority of the participants (73.3%) did not agree with current restriction on CD utilisation frequency. They also supported, to varying degrees, inclusion of all the proposed medications (support ranged from 44.2 - 78.4%). Participants who suffered from a specific disease did not differ significantly from those without the disease except in case of patients with depression (p= 0.001 ). Conclusions. Participants of this study strongly supported both CD extension and expansion. A critical review of the current version of CD is highly recommended in order to enhance CD capability to achieve its goals.
Managed Care and Child Welfare Practitioner Training Needs

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract The term “managed care” describes a wide variety of financing and service delivery operations. What all managed care operations have in common is the effort to balance cost, quality, and access. Because multiple human service systems have turned to managed care, child welfare practitioners may find themselves confronted with several different managed care operations for the children within their responsibility. For example, primary health care may be offered through a network of Health Maintenance Organizations (HMOs) that offer limited mental health benefits for acute care. A separate behavioral health carve-out plan may provide both acute care and some extended services for children and families. And finally, the child welfare system itself may use managed care technology to provide some of its services. This chapter will focus on the knowledge and skill requirements for child welfare in a managed care environment. This includes managed care under an auspice apart from child welfare, such as medical and behavioral health services. It also includes changes within child welfare that use managed care technology. This discussion will address both the knowledge and skill requirements of those practitioners at the direct practice level and at the management/executive level. We will consider both pre-service and inservice training needs.
Lithium Level in Cerebrospinal Fluid Cannot be a Reliable Indicator of Severity of Chronic Lithium Intoxication

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

*Department of clinical toxicology, Emergency Center and Poison Center, Saitama Medical University Hospital, Saitama, Japan †Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Tokai University Hachioji Hospital, Tokyo, Japan The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Gut Bacterial Communities of Dendroctonus valens and D. mexicanus (Curculionidae: Scolytinae): A Metagenomic Analysis across Different Geographical Locations in Mexico

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Dendroctonus bark beetles are a worldwide significant pest of conifers. This genus comprises 20 species found in North and Central America, and Eurasia. Several studies have documented the microbiota associated with these bark beetles, but little is known regarding how the gut bacterial communities change across host range distribution. We use pyrosequencing to characterize the gut bacterial communities associated with six populations of Dendroctonus valens and D. mexicanus each across Mexico, determine the core bacteriome of both insects and infer the metabolic pathways of these communities with Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States (PICRUSt) to evaluate whether these routes are conserved across geographical locations. Our results show that the β-diversity with UniFrac unweighted varies among locations of both bark beetles mainly due to absence/presence of some rare taxa. No association is found between the pairwise phylogenetic distance of bacterial communities and geographic distance. A strict intraspecific core bacteriome is determined for each bark beetle species, but these cores are different in composition and abundance. However, both bark beetles share the interspecific core bacteriome recorded previously for the Dendroctonus genus consisting of Enterobacter, Pantoea, Providencia, Pseudomonas, Rahnella, and Serratia. The predictions of metabolic pathways are the same in the different localities, suggesting that they are conserved through the geographical locations.
A hybrid method for Doppler spread estimation [mobile radio systems]

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The Doppler spread estimator presented in this paper solves some problems encountered in some of the previously published solutions. The algorithm consists of two steps, both using the channel autocorrelation function. The first step is a coarse estimate, based on the sign change of the autocorrelation function. Depending on the coarse estimate, either a polynomial fit method (for low Doppler spreads) or a first zero detection method (for high Doppler spreads) is applied. The proposed hybrid Doppler spread estimator provides high estimation accuracy for a wide range of Doppler spreads.
The International Universities Walking Project: Development of a Framework for Workplace Intervention Using the Delphi Technique

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: This paper aimed to use the Delphi technique to develop a consensus framework for a multinational, workplace walking intervention. Methods: Ideas were gathered and ranked from eight recognized and emerging experts in the fields of physical activity and health, from universities in Australia, Canada, England, the Netherlands, Northern Ireland, and Spain. Members of the panel were asked to consider the key characteristics of a successful campus walking intervention. Consensus was reached by an inductive, content analytic approach, conducted through an anonymous, three-round, e-mail process. Results: The resulting framework consisted of three interlinking themes defined as "design, implementation, and evaluation." Top-ranked subitems in these themes included the need to generate research capacity (design), to respond to group needs through different walking approaches (implementation), and to undertake physical activity assessment (evaluation). Themes were set within an underpinning domain, referred to as the "institution" and sites are currently engaging with subitems in this domain, to provide sustainable interventions that reflect the practicalities of local contexts and needs. Conclusions: Findings provide a unique framework for designing, implementing, and evaluating walking projects in universities and highlight the value of adopting the Delphi technique for planning international, multisite health initiatives.
Analysis of clinical treatment of posttraumatic hydrocephalus with encephalocele after decompressive craniectomy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective
To investigate the clinical treatment of posttraumatic hydrocephalus with encephalocele after decompressive craniectomy in patients with severe traumatic brain injury.

Methods
The clinical and imaging data of posttraumatic hydrocephalus with encephalocele after decompressive craniectomy in 49 patients with severe traumatic brain injury in Aviation General Hospital of China Medical University from Jan. 2012 to Jan. 2014 were analyzed retrospectively. All patients were performed ventriculoperitoneal shunt and (or) cranioplasty, and using the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) method to evaluate the prognosis.

Results
After ventriculoperitoneal shunting, the consciousness and neurological function impairment were improved in 39 cases (79.6%), no improvement or death in 10 cases (20.4%). The well recovered in 10 cases (20.4%), moderate disability occurred in 8 cases (16.3%), severe disability occurred in 5 cases (10.2%), survived in vegetative state in 23 cases (47.0%) and death occurred in 3 cases (6.1%).

Conclusion
The delayed diagnosis or improper treatment of Post-traumatic hydrocephalus could easily lead to encephalocele and encephalodialysis and brain atrophy, Which will affects the prognosis of the patients. Ventriculoperitoneal shunt is an effective method for treatment of post-traumatic hydrocephalus combined with encephalocele, and the result will help to improve patients consciousness and neurological function.

Key words:
Traumatic brain injury; Post-traumatic hydrocephalus; Ventriculo-peritoneal shunt; Treatment
Nanostructured melt-spun Sm(Co-Fe-Zr-B)/sub 7.5/ alloys for high temperature magnets

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we report high coercivity in as spun and annealed ribbons of Cu free Sm(Co/sub bal/Fe/sub z/Zr/sub y/B/sub x/)/sub 7.5/ samples, with varying B, Zr and Fe content (x-0.005-0.06, y=0.02-0.16, z=0.08-0.3) were studied. Also TEM studies have been used to investigate microstructure and grain size distribution. Average grain size is 30-50 nm is as spun ribbons and 70 to 100 nm for annealed ribbons. The grain distribution is very uniform in the scale of nanometers for the samples with square loop. Very good loop squareness and a maximum energy product of (BH)/sub max/=10.7 MGOe has been obtained at RT for sample with composition Sm(Co/sub bal/Fe/sub 0.3/Zr/sub 0.02/B/sub 0.04/)/sub 7.5/ after annealing at 600/spl deg/C for 75 min.
Determination of strength of UG2 chromitite pillars at Impala Platinum from laboratory tests and FLAC3D

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The results of FLAC3D modelling on chromitite Upper Group 2 Reef pillars from the Bushveld Complex of South Africa are described. The model input parameters were determined from laboratory triaxial tests with post-failure measurements. These geomechanical tests were performed on rock materials within the pillars and the immediate pillar foundations. In the models, post-failure behaviour was simulated using the concept of cohesion softening. Models were built to determine the strength and behaviour of pillars with a width-to-height ratio of approximately two. The original research aimed to find a suitable depth below the surface where Impala Platinum Ltd could safely introduce crush pillars; however, the paper only describes the model results: the ideal depth of the crush pillar introduction is not discussed. The results of the modelling are compared with the PlatMine formula for peak pillar strength and with an underground instrumented pillar located elsewhere on the same reef. Some insight into the effects of grid size on strength is also provided. Further underground measurements are recommended to verify the model results.
Exploring the Complexities of Sula's Black Identity and Existence

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Toni Morrison's Sula delves deeply into the complex aspects of Black identity and experience, set against the background of the Bottom, a largely Black neighbourhood coping with systematic oppression, cultural legacy, and personal struggles. In this article, we'll look at how Sula Peace represents and questions traditional notions of Black identity while also challenging and subverting societal standards. Contrasting with Nel's identity, which is strongly linked to conformity and common goals, Sula's nonconformity emphasizes the complicated relationship between personal identification and community in shaping Black identity. Morrison shows Sula reflecting on her environment but also fighting against the constraints it imposes, highlighting the complex struggles Black women face while navigating the intersections of gender, class, and race. Through her relationships, particularly with her grandma Eva, her boyfriend Jude, and her community, Sula investigates the multi-faceted aspects of autonomy, belonging, and morality, questioning conventional ideas along the way. This book explores the impact of historical trauma, generational survival, and solidarity on Black people's experiences, eventually asserting that identity is complex and ever-changing. Analyzing the nuances of Sula's personality and choices reveals the challenges of coming to terms with one's own identity when confronted with cultural and social pressures.
Calcium Oxalate Crystals in African Acacia Species and Them Analysis by Scanning Proton Microprobe (Spm)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The radial and cross sections of wood samples from individual trees of known age of African Acacia species were examined for growth rings. These were apparent in most species as narrow bands of marginal parenchyma filled with long crystal chains. The crystals were subsequently identified as calcium oxalate through the use of a scanning proton microprobe. Several other chemical elements were concentrated around this zone. The number of parenchyma bands formed annually corresponded to the number of peaks in the annual rainfall distribution. These results suggest that the presence of marginal parenchyma bands and crystalliferous chains define growth phases in African Acacia species, and can be used for age determination.
Morph-specific immunity in male Podarcis muralis

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Permanent colour polymorphism in lizards is maintained by complex interactions between environmental pressures and physiological traits (such as immune responsiveness) that differ among morphs. In this study we investigated whether T-cell mediated immune response vary among male colour morphs in the trimorphic (white, yellow and red) common wall lizard, Podarcis muralis. We found that yellow males showed a lower immune response compared to both red and white males, whose responses were similar. Thus, immune responsiveness is morph-specific in male common wall lizards, suggesting that this physiological trait could play an important role in maintaining colour polymorphism in this species. Moreover, immune responsiveness significantly increased with increasing male size, irrespective of colour morph, indicating that it could be regarded as a condition-dependent trait.