jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Work in Progress: Involving Teachers in International Community Engaged Learning Projects to Enhance their Understanding of Engineering and Intercultural Awareness

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Abstract Two regional universities are engaged in a new collaborative NSF Research Experience for Teachers project that has an emphasis on international engineering research thematically focused on human-centered design and appropriate technology for developing countries. This three year project will engage 36 G6-12 in-service and pre-service teachers in a variety of engineering research opportunities through one of the university’s engineering community engaged learning center. In the fall of each year, 12 teachers will be recruited into the year-long research program which includes 2 months of on-site summer work and an additional 2.5 months of programming throughout the year. From January to April, teachers will participate in a series of orientation activities where they will meet their faculty mentors, be introduced to their research projects that connect to the community engaged learning center, learn about appropriate technology and human-centered design, travel safety and the community to which they will be traveling. The community engaged learning center, which has provided service-learning experiences through technical immersions for more than 15 years, will coordinate participant travel. Prior to their international immersion, the teachers will engage in research with their faculty mentor part time during the school year. Throughout June and July, teachers will conduct campus-based research as well as engage in a related project with an international partner in a 2-4 week international placement. Upon their return, the teachers will continue to engage with this project and their international partners using institutional research facilities and virtual communication technology. Teachers will participate in an intensive, affinity structured and team-based curriculum development program for two weeks, where they will develop lessons using the TeachEngineering format under the guidance of a curriculum coach. The follow-up program will include lesson piloting and publishing, continued research, a retreat and closing presentation and celebration. Lessons will be piloted, edited and published during the fall of the following year. Currently, this project is recruiting its first cohort of teachers. This paper will summarize the recruitment strategy, present observations from the spring participant sessions, and discuss the unique opportunities and challenges associated with involving teachers in international community engaged learning.
LHCb RICH Upgrade: an overview of the photon detector and electronic system

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The LHCb experiment is one of the four large detectors operating at the LHC\nat CERN and it is mainly devoted to CP violation measurements and to the search\nfor new physics in rare decays of beauty and charm hadrons. The data from the\ntwo Ring Image Cherenkov (RICH-1 and RICH-2) detectors are essential to\nidentify particles in a wide momentum range. From 2019 onwards 14 TeV\ncollisions with luminosities reaching up to $2\\cdot10^{33}$ cm$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$\nwith 25 ns bunch spacing are planned, with the goal of collecting 5 fb$^{-1}$\nof data per year. In order to avoid degradation of the PID performance at such\nhigh rate (40 MHz), the RICH detector has to be upgraded. New photodetectors\n(Multi-anode photomultiplier tubes, MaPMTs) have been chosen and will be read\nout using a 8-channels chip, named CLARO, designed to sustain a photon counting\nrate up to 40 MHz, while minimizing the power consumption and the cross-talk. A\n128-bit digital register allows selection of thresholds and attenuation values\nand provides features useful for testing and debugging. Photosensors and\nelectronics are arranged in basic units, the first prototypes of which have\nbeen tested in charged particle beams in autumn 2014. An overview of the CLARO\nfeatures and of the readout electronics is presented.\n
Type-specific HPV prevalence in invasive cervical cancer in the UK prior to national HPV immunisation programme: baseline for monitoring the effects of immunisation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aims To establish the human papillomavirus (HPV) type-specific prevalence in cervical cancer and high-grade cervical lesions in the UK prior to the introduction of national HPV vaccination. Methods Specimens of cervical cancer (n=1235) and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)3 (n=2268) were tested for HPV genotypes in England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. Data were pooled and weighted estimates presented. Results Among cervical cancer cases, 95.8% were positive for at least one high-risk (HR) HPV type. Restricting to those with HR HPV, the proportion positive for HPV16 and/or HPV18 was similar across countries (weighted overall prevalence 83.0%). This proportion decreased with increasing age at diagnosis (p=0.0005). HPV31, HPV33, HPV45, HPV52 and/or HPV58 were detected in 16.1% of HR HPV-positive cervical cancers and there was no significant association with age for these types. For HR HPV-positive CIN3 cases, there was a similar age-specific pattern with the highest positivity of HPV16 and/or HPV18 in the youngest age group (77.2%). The proportion of HR HPV CIN3 cases positive for HPV31, HPV33, HPV45, HPV52 and/or HPV58 was 36.3% in those aged <30 years at diagnosis. Conclusions The prevalence of HPV 16 and/or 18 was high in all UK countries and highest in those diagnosed at a younger age. The UK is well placed to monitor the impact of HPV vaccination on type-specific HPV prevalence in cervical disease.
(44) Porokeratosis striata of Nekam

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Journal Article (44) Porokeratosis striata of Nékám Get access B.E. Monk, B.E. Monk King's College Hospital, London SE5 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A.C. Pembroke A.C. Pembroke King's College Hospital, London SE5 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 113, Issue s29, 1 July 1985, Pages 90–91, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1985.tb13059.x Published: 01 July 1985
Editorial: The management of low-grade glioma in adults

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Gross-total resection (GTR) of intrinsic low-grade gliomas (LGG) in the brain is often difficult given their infiltrative nature and the risk of neurological morbidity. 1,12,14Current data on the value of surgical treatment is mostly based on observational studies. 12Consequently, the goal of maximum resection in patients with minimal symptoms remains controversial, despite the fact that those studies show improved overall survival (OS) after GTR. 1,15Recently, a population-based parallel cohort study conducted in Norway provided very good evidence of improved survival for patients with LGG treated using early surgery as opposed to watchful waiting, the best evidence so far arguing for the former approach. 3Nevertheless, it has been argued that any incremental survival advantage in patients treated with GTR is simply a selffulfilling prophecy of selection bias. 12Recent advances in our histopathological, molecular, and genetic understanding of LGG, however, have prompted more nuanced management strategies.Several significant demographic, clinical, and pathological prognostic factors that can aid the treatment team regarding the use of postoperative adjuvant therapy have been reported. 2Advanced age, larger tumor volume, subtotal resection, and diffuse astrocytoma subtype have been found to be associated with unfavorable outcomes, and additional therapy has had a beneficial effect in patients with these features. 9,10Recent advances in the molecular and genetic profiling of LGG have resulted in more accurate survival predictions, which has necessitated a thorough examination of the utility of adjuvant therapy after subtotal resection (STR). 6
Specific swelling behaviors of alkali‐metal poly(styrene sulfonate) gels in aqueous solvent mixtures

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Counterion‐ and solvent‐specific swelling behaviors were investigated for alkali‐metal poly(styrene sulfonate) (PSSM) gels having different degrees of sulfonation in aqueous organic solvent mixtures [water plus methanol, ethanol, 2‐propyl alcohol, t ‐butyl alcohol, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), acetone, acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran, or dioxane]. With an increasing organic solvent concentration, most gel systems, except for DMSO, showed a volume phase transition. The transition abruptly occurred without significant deswelling in the lower solvent concentration region. Such swelling behavior contrasted with that of other common charged gel systems, including alkali‐metal polyacrylate (PAAM) gels, which showed gel collapse after gradual deswelling with an increasing organic solvent concentration. The dielectric constant at the critical transition point ( D cr ) for most mixed solvent systems decreased in the order of PSSK ≥ PSSCs ≥ PSSNa > PSSLi; that is, larger counterion systems were favorable for the transition. The counterion specificity also contrasted with our previous results for PAAM gels: PAANa > PAAK > PAALi ∼ PAACs. On the other hand, the solvent specificity for the PSSM gels was similar to that for the PAAM gels; the higher the dielectric constant was of the organic solvent, the higher the D cr value was at which the transition occurred. These specificities were examined on the basis of the solvation properties of the counterions and polymer charged groups and the solvent properties such as the Gutmann–Mayer donor number and acceptor number. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 45: 1166–1175, 2007
A LIPID REQUIREMENT FOR INDUCTION OF LACTOSE TRANSPORT IN Escherichia coli

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The rate of derepressed synthesis of a membrane protein required for lactose transport (M protein) by Escherichia coli is increased in response to increased gene dosage to the same extent as the rates of synthesis of β-galactosidase and galactoside acetylase. However, elevated gene dosage does not increase β-galactoside transport to the same extent that it increases synthesis of M protein and of the soluble proteins of the lac operon. Though the factor or factors other than M protein which limit induction of the transport system at high levels of lac operon expression have not been identified, studies with Escherichia coli mutants blocked in the synthesis of unsaturated fatty acids indicate that unsaturated fatty acids must be supplied during the course of induction of the lac operon to permit synthesis of a functional lactose transport system, but not of β-galactosidase or galactoside acetylase.
A Dirichlet-Tree Multinomial Regression Model for Associating Dietary Nutrients with Gut Microorganisms

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Summary Understanding the factors that alter the composition of the human microbiota may help personalized healthcare strategies and therapeutic drug targets. In many sequencing studies, microbial communities are characterized by a list of taxa, their counts, and their evolutionary relationships represented by a phylogenetic tree. In this article, we consider an extension of the Dirichlet multinomial distribution, called the Dirichlet-tree multinomial distribution, for multivariate, over-dispersed, and tree-structured count data. To address the relationships between these counts and a set of covariates, we propose the Dirichlet-tree multinomial regression model for which we develop a penalized likelihood method for estimating parameters and selecting covariates. For efficient optimization, we adopt the accelerated proximal gradient approach. Simulation studies are presented to demonstrate the good performance of the proposed procedure. An analysis of a data set relating dietary nutrients with bacterial counts is used to show that the incorporation of the tree structure into the model helps increase the prediction power.
Lived Experiences of Pakistani Students Enrolled in Short-Term International Mobility Programs

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Short-term international mobility is popular among academicians seeking experiences abroad. This study explores the trend where individuals pursue international exposure and education through exchange programs. These programs impart valuable academic and sociocultural experiences, but also present challenges. Hence, the current study aims to explore motivations and challenges faced by international students participating in short-term programs. Qualitative research method was used to explore the socio-cultural impacts of international mobility programs. A purposive sample of 15 respondents was selected who had undergone international mobility. Data was collected through in-depth interviews of the 15 selected students. Responses to open-ended questions were recorded and transcribed and themes were constructed by using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). It was found that short-term international mobility programs are valuable and perspective changing experiences for the participants, despite being associated with multiple challenges. Such programs motivate individuals to engage in cross-border exposure while building fruitful professional networks, as well as fostering tolerance and respect for others’ perspectives, opinions, ideas, and belief system. The researchers recommend greater participation in these programs to enhance personal and professional development.
A Study on the Perceptions of Pre-Service Early Childhood Teachers’ in Speech-Language Therapy

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

목적 : 의사소통장애에 대한 예비유아교사들의 인식과 중재교육 필요성의 요구를 알아보았다. 또한 연구의 결과를 예비유아교사를 양성하는 교육과정에 활용하고 교육과정을 개발하는 기초자료로 사용하는데 목적을 둔다.BR방법 : 유아교육 전공과정에 있는 학생 158명을 대상으로 하였으며 연구는 설문지법을 통해 자료를 수집하였다. 질문에 관한 응답 결과를 통계프로그램 SPSS 22.0을 활용하였다. 자료는 빈도분석 및 다중반응 빈도분석으로 분석하였다.BR결과 : 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 예비유아교사들의 의사소통장애 관련 인식에서 유아기 발달에서 가장 중요하게 생각하는 발달영역은 사회ㆍ정서 발달(30.6%) 영역이었다. 둘째, 의사소통장애 중재에 대한 인식에서 언어치료 중재는 전반적인 수용 및 표현언어 지연을 가진 경우에 가장 많이 받고 있다고 인식(32.3%)하였다. 셋째, 의사소통장애 전문가에 대한 인식에서 언어치료를 수행하는 직업에 관한 용어는 언어치료사로 인식(79.7%)하고 있는 경우가 가장 많았다. 넷째, 유아교사 양성과정에서 의사소통장애 및 언어치료에 대한 교육이 필요하다고 생각하는 경우가 대부분이었다. 교육이 필요한 이유를 살펴보았을 때 유아교사 직무수행에 도움이 될 것 같기 때문이라는 의견(51.0%)이 가장 많은 것으로 나타났다.BR결론 : 위의 이러한 결과는 언어치료 인식 및 중재교육과 관련된 교육을 예비유아교사들의 교육과정에서 실시하였을 때 예비유아교사 집단의 인식을 변화시킬 수 있음을 시사한다. 본 연구는 예비유아교사들이 미래에 실제 현장에서 언어치료의 필요성이 있을 때 조기중재를 추천할 수 있도록 전문성을 발휘하고 지원하는 데 도움이 되는 기초자료로 활용될 것으로 생각한다.
Magic even–even nuclei show phase transition

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

In possibly the first mother–son scientific collaboration, Gertrude Scharff-Goldhaber (Brookhaven) and Alfred S. Goldhaber (Stony Brook) have suggested that in singly or doubly magic even–even nuclei there is a change in the nucleus resembling a first-order phase transition, such as occurs when a superconductor goes normal. This change or rearrangement occurs between the 0+ ground state and a band of excited states 2+, 4+, 6+, and so on. The remarkable point, in the authors' view, is not the existence of this phase transition, but rather that all other even–even nuclei exhibit a single phase in which the ground state is part of a quasi-rotational band.
Bioeffects of Cultured Human Cells from High Energy, Ultrashort Pulse Laser-Light.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract : The use of laser light for targeting devices and weapons has sharply increased the likelihood that aircrew and support personnel will be exposed to laser light during operations. The increased potential for exposure of humans highlights the fact that there is a need for scientifically based safety standards for laser exposure at the ultrashort pulse lengths. Current safety standards are largely extrapolations of exposure limits at longer pulse lengths using a minimal visible lesion endpoint in the Rhesus monkey retinal model. A non-animal model for assessing laser-light damage to tissue, particularly human, is quite desirous for obvious scientific, political, and fiduciary reasons. I assessed the sublethal insult to human cells using a tissue culture system for specific genes that have been shown to be important in several biological processes that could lead to cancer or cell death. Using the CAT-Tox (L) (xenometrix, Inc.) assay, it appears that 532 nm nanosecond pulse of laser light are sensed and induces several stress response genes including FOS in a roughly dose dependent fashion. This approach provides insight into a more global methodology for characterizing environmental stressors via genetic profiling.
In vivo human lipolytic activity in preperitoneal and subdivisions of subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We studied eight normal-weight male subjects to examine whether the lipolytic rate of deep subcutaneous and preperitoneal adipose tissues differs from that of superficial abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue. The lipolytic rates in the superficial anterior and deep posterior subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissues and in the preperitoneal adipose tissue in the round ligament were measured by microdialysis and 133 Xe washout under basal, postabsorptive conditions and during intravenous epinephrine infusion (0.15 nmol · kg −1 · min −1 ). Both in the basal state and during epinephrine stimulation, the superficial subcutaneous adipose tissue had higher interstitial glycerol concentrations than the two other depots. Similarly, the calculated glycerol outputs from the superficial depot were significantly higher than those from the deep subcutaneous and the preperitoneal depots. Thus, it is concluded that the lipolytic rate of the superficial subcutaneous adipose tissue on the anterior abdominal wall is higher than that of the deep subcutaneous adipose tissue on the posterior abdominal wall and that of the preperitoneal adipose tissue in the round ligament.
Fault-tolerant control of aircraft rudder surfaces based on pseudo-inverse planning and sliding mode control

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper combines pseudo-inverse planning and sliding mode control to propose a new fault-tolerant control method.In the case of failure or stuck of the elevator rudder, the remaining rudder surface and the thrust angle of the thrust vectoring engine are reasonably allocated, and the sliding mode control is designed to ensure that the actuator quickly tracks the desired rudder output in the presence of disturbances,thus achieving aircraft's safe control.The simulation results show that this fault-tolerant control method makes the aircraft track the desired attitude angle better under elevator rudder failure, and the pseudo-inverse planning is effective.
AirFL-Mem: Improving Communication-Learning Trade-Off by Long-Term Memory

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Addressing the communication bottleneck inherent in federated learning (FL), over-the-air FL (AirFL) has emerged as a promising solution, which is, however, hampered by deep fading conditions. In this paper, we propose AirFL-Mem, a novel scheme designed to mitigate the impact of deep fading by implementing a \emph{long-term} memory mechanism. Convergence bounds are provided that account for long-term memory, as well as for existing AirFL variants with short-term memory, for general non-convex objectives. The theory demonstrates that AirFL-Mem exhibits the same convergence rate of federated averaging (FedAvg) with ideal communication, while the performance of existing schemes is generally limited by error floors. The theoretical results are also leveraged to propose a novel convex optimization strategy for the truncation threshold used for power control in the presence of Rayleigh fading channels. Experimental results validate the analysis, confirming the advantages of a long-term memory mechanism for the mitigation of deep fading.
The effect of pacing and organization on rehearsal time in a high school choir

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This research project attempted to answer the following questions: (a) How does the pacing of a choral rehearsal affect time on task? (b) Do the needs of pacing differ in a ninety minute modified block rehearsal as compared to a forty-five minute rehearsal? (c) How do effective teachers minimize the amount of time spent on non-musical interruptions such as fund raising, attendance and planning tour details? (d) How much time do effective teachers spend on warm ups and the teaching of music fundamentals? The majority of the research required for this study was collected at seven AAAA high schools. The participants in this study were the advanced SATB performing choirs. Information for this study was gathered by means of direct observation, teacher interviews and written surveys. To protect the rights to privacy of the participants no names were used in the study. Data were collected by myself and by high school students who were trained in the procedure. Collection methods were in the form of direct observation, teacher interviews, students interviews, and survey results. Findings indicated that the pacing of a choral rehearsal greatly affects student time on task. Also indicated is that the ninety minute rehearsal is not preferable but that careful organization and planning can minimize the negative aspects of not seeing the students every day. Further findings indicate that the director must prepare and present rehearsals which are varied and well paced, and must minimize the amount of time spent on nonmusical activities by using students to do specific tasks.
Repair of complete atrioventricular canal in infancy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Results of operative repair of complete atrioventricular canal defects (CAVCD) are improving due to: general advances in pre‐, intra‐, and postoperative care; a better understanding of the relevant pathological factors, principally of the left atrioventricular (A‐V) valve; a clearer definition of the path of the specialized conduction tissue; and the recognition of associated defects such as single left ventricular papillary muscles, ventricular hypoplasia, with or without malalignment of the common A‐V valve, coexistent ventricular septal defects, and double orifice left A‐V valves. Forty‐eight patients underwent repair from July 1980 through July 1984. Three patients died early and 2 late after the operation. One patient with an additional posterior ventricular septal defect (VSD) remained in complete heart block. Three patients required reoperation for residual left A‐V valve regurgitation and 1 for a residual VSD. In 20 recatheterized patients, mitral regurgitation was moderate in 4 and severe in 2. Pulmonary artery pressure (pulmonary/systemic arterial systolic pressure ratio) remained unchanged in only 1 patient with significant A‐V valve regurgitation. To avoid the development of pulmonary vascular obstructive disease, and based also on the trend of decreasing operative mortality and morbidity rates, primary repair of CAVCD is recommended within the first year of life.