jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Discovery of a Potentially New Subfamily of ELFV Dehydrogenases Effective for l‐Arginine Deamination by Enzyme Mining

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Discovery of enzymes with new functions is very important for de novo pathway design in synthetic biology. Amino acid dehydrogenases catalyze the oxidative deamination of an amino acid to its keto acid, which are widely used for the production of various valuable chemicals. To discover amino acid dehydrogenases with new functions, the authors reevaluate the sequence variability and substrate diversity of ELFV dehydrogenases superfamily in this study. With insights gained from structural and sequential studies, the authors develop an in silico strategy and discover a new category of proteins which are originally annotated as glutamate dehydrogenase but show altered conservation pattern of specificity determined motifs and completely different substrate spectrum. These proteins cannot catalyze the deamination of glutamate and other canonical amino acids except the positively charged amino acid l ‐arginine, representing a potentially new subfamily of ELFV dehydrogenases. The strategy utilized in this study can also be applied for discovering other useful enzymes.
AFLIBERCEPT FOR PERSISTENT DIABETIC MACULAR EDEMA

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose: To evaluate functional and anatomical outcomes after a switch from intravitreal bevacizumab to aflibercept in patients with persistent diabetic macular edema. Methods: Prospective, single-arm, open-label clinical trial of patients with persistent diabetic macular edema, despite previous treatment with bevacizumab. Five loading doses of intravitreal aflibercept were administered every 4 weeks with subsequent injections administered every 8 weeks. Patients were reviewed every 4 weeks, and best-corrected visual acuity and central macular thickness were recorded. Primary outcome measures included change in central macular thickness and best-corrected visual acuity at week 48 compared with baseline. Paired t -tests were used to assess change between baseline and follow-up visits. Results: At baseline, 43 eyes from 43 patients were recruited with a median (interquartile range) of 12 (7–24) previous intravitreal anti–vascular endothelial growth factor injections over a period of 18 (8–34) months. Mean ± SD central macular thickness reduced by 59 ± 114 μ m ( P = 0.002), and best-corrected visual acuity improved by 3.9 ± 7.0 letters ( P = 0.001) after 48 weeks in the 41 patients who completed the trial. Best-corrected visual acuity improvements were more marked in patients who gained ≥5 letters after the first injection (8.9 ± 5.7 vs. 1.8 ± 6.5 letter gain at 48 weeks, P = 0.002), a difference which remained significant after regression analysis with baseline best-corrected visual acuity . Vision gains and central macular thickness reduction were similar in 9 fellow eyes eligible for inclusion being concurrently treated for diabetic macular edema with bevacizumab. Conclusion: Intravitreal aflibercept was effective in improving anatomical and visual outcomes among patients with an incomplete response to intravitreal bevacizumab with 48 weeks of follow-up. Patients with a good early response subsequent to switching had a better improvement in vision at 48 weeks.
Application of ant colony-potential field algorithm in underwater gravity matching navigation track planning

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The underwater submersible track in the adaptation area where the gravity characteristics change obviously can ensure the effective implementation of gravity-assisted navigation. Therefore, in the gravity matching navigation stage, the path planning of the submersible is very important. In this paper, the adaptive submarine navigation area is adaptively divided according to the gravity statistical characteristic parameters, and the adaptive and non-adaptive area labels are given. Then the artificial potential field algorithm is introduced based on the ant colony algorithm for the path planning. Reconstructing the heuristic function avoids the local optimal problem of the ant colony algorithm. At the same time, the maximum-minimum ant colony system is used to improve the pheromone update rule, which prevents the “premature” phenomenon. The simulation results show that the proposed ant colony-potential field algorithm can effectively solve the path optimization problem of underwater submersible in gravity-assisted navigation and improve the feasibility of the solution.
Motivations for corporate social responsibility practices in Singapore shipping companies part II - employee aspect of CSR

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Shipping industry is an international industry and has vast influence on the global economy and environment. Hence, there has been an increasing demand for the shipping companies to practice Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) for both internal and external stakeholders. The purpose of this study is to find out the motivations of shipping companies practicing CSR in Singapore and this report will focus mainly on CSR activities for the employees.The study was carried out with a qualitative approach. The methodology adopted for the study includes surveys for senior managers of shipping companies, followed by interviews with selected companies. The survey included general questions for understanding of the overall approach of a company towards CSR and questions that addressed the five pre-identified driving forces, namely Profitability, Global Economy, Organization Image, competitive Advantage and Sustainability. The survey results were then analyzed based on company size, company ownership and local office significance. Subsequently, six interview sessions were conducted with companies of various size, ownership and significance of Singapore local office.
Corporate governance in the public sector: Dimensions; guidelines and practice In India and New Zealand

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Corporate governance is obviously a matter of global concern and has gained tremendous importance in recent years in the context of globalisation of economies and financial markets. The financial crisis of 2008 and the 2012 European crisis involving Greece, Italy and Spain revealed corporate governance failures in financial institutions and corporations, leading to systemic consequences (Classens and Yurtoglu, 2013). Earlier, two major scandals: Enron and WorldCom in the USA resulted in the enactment of Sarbanes Oxley Act, 2002 as a measure to ensure and restore investors’ confidence in business in particular and the interest of society at large. This lead to corporate governance reforms worldwide impacting corporate board composition, conduct, and responsibility at the legal and regulatory levels.
Judge/fail/learn

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Accountancy firms have generated considerable media attention in recent years due to a lack of substantiated audits. This study found that only a third of 252 auditors provide a substantiated assessment for a representative task. Those auditors who performed well indicated that they encountered critical situations in the past and gained experiences from which they drew important lessons. By making mistakes discussable, by providing feedback and by encouraging self-reflection, accountancy firms can make a significant contribution to the quality of their auditors' judgments.
Flora of Espírito Santo: Hymenophyllum (Hymenophyllaceae)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract The inventory of species of Hymenophyllum (Hymenophyllaceae) occurring in state of Espírito Santo is presented. The taxonomic treatment includes description, comments, images and key of species of Hymenophyllum occurring in state of Espírito Santo, as well as, a key for Hymenophyllaceae genera occurring in study area and Brazil. The geographical distribution pattern and ecological notes also are included. A total of 15 species belonged to five subgenera were recorded. The species are wide distribution in Atlantic Forest biome, in ombrophiles forest and nebular forest, with exception of Hymenophyllum caparaoense which is endemic of Caparaó National Park.
Molecular markers used in breast cancer diagnosis — current practice and future perspectives

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer among women and a leading cause of cancer-related death. Despite many available diagnostic tools and techniques, tumor heterogeneity and molecular diversity of breast cancer tumors require new biomarkers in clinical practice. A potential diagnostic test can be built based on few biomarkers. Those biomarkers may not be specific and sensitive enough to be a single diagnostic tool, but might be useful as a set of biomarkers e.g. CEA, CA15-3, MammaPrint®, HER2 and BRCA1, 2. The second group of potential biomarkers are microRNAs. Changes in miRNA and altered genes expression may contribute to the development of breast cancer and metastases. Integration of proteomics, genomics, and metabolomics data is necessary to discover a new panel of biomarkers.
Clinical analysis of neurological complications after liver transplantation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To investigate the etiological factors and treating principle for neurologi-cal complications after liver transplantation. Methods The clinical data of 249 patients receiving ortho-topic liver transplantation in our hospital from April 2002 to February 2007 were retrospectively ana-lyzed to summarize etiological factors, clinical features and treatment experience of neurological com-plications. Results The neurological complications occurred in 27 cases, accounting for an incidence ratio of 10.84%. For these 27 cases, 8(29.63%)were with encephalopathy (including 2 cases with central pontile myelolysis recovered after moderately dehydration, trophic nerve, symptomatic and supportive treatment), 2 (7.41%) with epilepsia were cured, 4 cases(14.81%) with intracranial hem-orrhage (including 3 cases undergoing operation and had lingering effects but survived), 4(14.81%) with infection of central nervous system (2 were cured and the other 2 died from fungous infection). It was found that 6 cases(22.22%)with extracorticospinal tract damage and 7 (25.93%) with peripheral neuropathy were improved gradually after drug dose was decreased. Conclusion The neurological complications are common after liver transplantation and have a variety of etiology and clinical symp-toms. The specific and prompt treatment for different etiological factors can improve and control the complications effectively. Many patients may survive for a long time.

Key words:
Liver transplantation; Postoperative complication; Nervous system disease
Lincoln's Judge Advocate General, September 3, 1862–April 14, 1865

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract This chapter discusses the ways in which the post of judge advocate general of the army had changed dramatically since the war began. The Federal army had grown from a small force of about 16,000 regular soldiers into a massive conglomerate of regular and volunteer regiments in which more than 2.2 million men served before the war came to a close. Prior to the Civil War, the federal government “agency” assigned to monitor the application of military law had consisted of a single bureaucrat, whose responsibilities had been limited to maintaining the army's court-martial records. On July 17, 1862, however, the U.S. Congress substantially expanded the size and purview of the judge advocate general's office, assigning to its head the rank, pay, and allowance of a colonel of cavalry and authorizing him to appoint a team of assistant judge advocates, each of whom served with the rank and pay of a major.
Finding Selfness in Postcolonial Caribbean Short Fiction: Intersectional Feminism and Diasporic Displacement in the Work of Jamaica Kincaid and Nalo Hopkinson

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Jamaica Kincaid and Nalo Hopkinson make use of the short story to address notions of female identity, race and discrimination in the postcolonial context. These authors lend themselves to intersectional analyses of race and gender because they incorporate the complexities that come with identity-formation, especially in cases of\ndemarginalization. Kincaid and Hopkinson make the patriarchal and neo-colonial restrictions on the female black self palpable in their work, and their stories can therefore be seen as postcolonial projects in which fiction and history are actively intersected.
A Preliminary Investigation of the Relationship of Transition Preparation and Self-Determination for Students With Disabilities in Postsecondary Educational Settings

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study examined the relationship between high school transition preparation (school and family based) and self-determination among postsecondary students with disabilities. Seventy-six participants from 4-year universities completed a two-part online survey. The first part of the survey measured three dependent variables: psychological empowerment, hope, and locus of control. The second part measured the independent variable quality of high school transition preparation. Correlational analyses were conducted between the quality of a student’s high school transition preparation and perceived self-determination (i.e., psychological empowerment, hope, and locus of control). Although significant correlations existed among the scales used to measure self-determination, the relationships between high school preparation and the role of families and self-determination was of interest.
Imaging of NW placement for 10 nm and beyond

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Understanding of the accuracy of well (here, N-well or NW) placement is a key feature for device characterization and understanding of yield detractors. An analysis technique which provides quick turnaround and allows not only quick examination across large areas but also SEM resolution is needed. Failure analysis of an RX (active) Short in a < 14 nm serpentine/comb test structure indicated a junction problem. A novel yet simple technique for mapping junction profiles based on contrasts observed in low energy e-beam SEM voltage contrast (SEM-VC) was evaluated on carefully delayered samples. The test samples were also characterized by scanning capacitance microscopy (SCM) to correlate with SEM-VC results. The SEM-VC in one case exactly predicted the well image. However, further investigation showed that distinct SEM-VC features on other similarly delayered samples had nothing to do with the underlying junction profiles. For this reason, OBIRCH (Optical Beam Induced Resistance CHange) was used to determine areas of high and low leakage for an SRAM-like test structure.
Matrix Completion with Heterogonous Cost

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The matrix completion problem has been studied broadly under many underlying conditions. The problem has been explored under adaptive or non-adaptive, exact or estimation, single-phase or multi-phase, and many other categories. In most of these cases, the observation cost of each entry is uniform and has the same cost across the columns. However, in many real-life scenarios, we could expect elements from distinct columns or distinct positions to have a different cost. In this paper, we explore this generalization under adaptive conditions. We approach the problem under two different cost models. The first one is that entries from different columns have different observation costs, but, within the same column, each entry has a uniform cost. The second one is any two entry has different observation cost, despite being the same or different columns. We provide complexity analysis of our algorithms and provide tightness guarantees.
Phorbaketals A, B, and C, Sesterterpenoids with a Spiroketal of Hydrobenzopyran Moiety Isolated from the Marine Sponge Phorbas sp.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Three new sesterterpenoids, phorbaketals A (1), B (2), and C (3) which have a spiroketal of the hydrobenzopyran moiety, were isolated from the Korean marine sponge Phorbas sp. Their complete structures were elucidated by spectral and chemical methods. They exhibited moderate cytotoxicity against human colorectal, hepatoma, and lung cancer cell lines. Furthermore, the cultivation of the bacterial fraction from the sponge afforded compound 1.
Craniofacial clefts in a black African population.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Seven black children with craniofacial anomalies are reported. Holoprosencephaly and hemifacial microsomia featured prominently among the cases presented. These cases represented a large percentage of all cleft cases reported in the region served by the Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital (UPTH). The social, genetic, and surgical implications are discussed.
A BFIS-like syndrome with late onset and febrile seizures: suggestive linkage to chromosome 16p11.2–16q12.1

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Benign familial infantile seizures (BFIS) is a dominant idiopathic epilepsy with partial and secondary generalized seizures with age of onset between 3 and 12 months. Here we describe a four generation family with some characteristic features of BFIS in 8 affected members with an unusual clinical phenotype. Onset was consistently between 14 and 20 months of age with clusters of complex-partial or generalized tonic-clonic seizures and a high rate of febrile seizures, which have not been described for BFIS previously. All affected members showed multifocal interictal epileptiform discharges in the EEG. The known loci for benign familial neonatal/infantile seizures (BFNS/BFNIS), generalized epilepsy with febrile seizures plus syndrome (GEFS+) and the BFIS locus on chromosome 19q were excluded. Further genetic analysis showed suggestive linkage to the major BFIS locus on chromosome 16 between markers D16S690 and D16S3136. This 'BFIS-like' syndrome may enlarge the phenotypic spectrum of the chromosome 16 region.
Orexin neuron activity in mating mice - a pilot study

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Mating behaviours affect hypothalamic orexin/hypocretin neurons and vice versa. However, activity of orexin neurons has not been recorded during mating before. We report an anecdotal dataset of freely-moving miniature microscope recordings of orexin neuron activity during mating behaviours, as well as an oral sexual encounter previously undocumented in mice. Across the orexin neuron population in the male, firing rates were maximally diverse during ejaculation, similarly diverse though weaker during intromission, and inverse to this during anterior thrusting. In the female mouse, orexin neurons tended to decrease firing during intromission after a transient increase. We provide this brief dataset for re-use, to enable further studies of these rare behaviours with challenging surgical preparations.
Prevalence, molecular detection, and virulence gene profiles of Campylobacter species in humans and foods of animal origin

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Background and Aim: Campylobacteriosis is one of the most well-characterized bacterial foodborne infections worldwide that arise chiefly due to the consumption of foods of animal origin such as poultry, milk, and their products. The disease is caused by numerous species within the genus Campylobacter, but Campylobacter jejuni is the most commonly isolated species from established cases of human campylobacteriosis. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence and virulence of Campylobacter isolates from human, chicken, and milk and milk products in Egypt. Materials and Methods: A total of 1299 samples (547 chicken intestine and liver, 647 milk and milk products, and 105 human stool) were collected and microbiologically investigated, confirmed by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting the 23S rRNA, hipO, and glyA genes specific for Campylobacter spp., C. jejuni, and Campylobacter Coli, respectively, followed by virulence genes (Campylobacter adhesion to fibronectin F [cadF] and cdtB) detection using PCR. Results: About 38.09%, 37.84%, and 8.5% of human stool, chicken, and milk and milk product samples, respectively, were bacteriologically positive, with a total of 302 Campylobacter isolates. All isolates were molecularly confirmed as Campylobacter spp. (100%) where 285 isolates (94.37%) were identified as C. jejuni and 17 isolates (5.62%) as C. coli. Regarding the virulence pattern, all isolates (100%) carried cadF gene while cytolethal distending toxin B gene was definite in 284/302 isolates (94%), concisely, 282/285 (98.94%) C. jejuni isolates, and in 2/17 (11.76%) C. coli isolates. Conclusion: The widespread presence of these highly virulent Campylobacter, especially C. jejuni, proofs the urgent need for the implementation of stringent control, public health, and food protection strategies to protect consumers from this zoonotic pathogen. The availability of information about pathogen virulence will enable enhanced local policy drafting by food safety and public health officials.
Impact of menopausal status on negative mood and depressive symptoms in a longitudinal sample spanning 20 years

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: Studies examining depressive symptoms and negative mood across the postmenopause are lacking, particularly those that examine prevalence in early and late postmenopause. This study examines negative mood and depressive occurrence in the menopausal stages to provide a better understanding of prevalence of mood disturbance during this period. Methods: This study was a longitudinal assessment of variables drawn from an epidemiological prospective study of women's healthy aging. Scores were analyzed using general linear mixed models to determine whether there were reductions in negative mood across the stages of the menopausal transition, including the substages of the early and late postmenopause, as defined by Stages of Reproductive Ageing Workshop+10 criteria. Negative mood scores, derived from the Affectometer 2, were obtained at 11 time points between 1992 and 2012 in a group of 438 Melbourne-based, community-dwelling women aged between 45 and 55 years at baseline (n = 234; 53% retention in 2012). Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale administered at three time points for 10 years. Results: Women's experience of negative mood and depressive symptoms was highest during the menopausal transition and lowest in the late postmenopause. Increasing age was associated with a reduction in depressive symptoms F(1,559) = 14.83, P < 0.001 and negative mood F(1,935) = 14.97, P < 0.001. When controlling for age, there was no difference found between the early and late postmenopause stage mean scores. Conclusions: Although there were differences found between negative mood and depressive symptom scores in relation to categories of reproductive aging, age was found to be the driving influence to their association.