jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Internal normalization techniques for high accuracy isotope dilution analyses. Application to molybdenum and nickel in standard reference materials

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInternal normalization techniques for high accuracy isotope dilution analyses. Application to molybdenum and nickel in standard reference materialsL. J. Moore, L. A. Machlan, W. R. Shields, and E. L. GarnerCite this: Anal. Chem. 1974, 46, 8, 1082–1089Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60344a028https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60344a028research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views223Altmetric-Citations42LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Inhibition of Th2-Mediated Allergic Airway Inflammatory Disease by CD137 Costimulation

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Abstract The engagement of CD137 (4-1BB), an inducible T cell costimulatory receptor and member of the TNF receptor superfamily, by agonistic Abs can promote strong tumor and viral immunity mediated by CD8+ T cells and stimulate IFN-γ production. However, its role in Th2-mediated immune responses has not been well defined. To address this issue, we studied the function of CD137 engagement using an allergic airway disease model in which the mice were sensitized with inactivated Schistosoma mansoni eggs followed by S. mansoni egg Ag challenge directly in the airways and Th1/2 cytokine production was monitored. Interestingly, treatment of C57BL/6 mice with agonistic anti-CD137 (2A) during sensitization completely prevents allergic airway inflammation, as shown by a clear inhibition of T cell and eosinophil infiltration into the lung tissue and airways, accompanied by diminished Th2 cytokine production and reduced serum IgE levels, as well as a reduction of airway hyperresponsiveness. At various time points after immunization, restimulated splenocytes from 2A-treated mice displayed reduced proliferation and Th2 cytokine production. In accordance with this, agonistic Ab to CD137 can directly coinhibit Th2 responses in vitro although it costimulates Th1 responses. CD137-mediated suppression of Th2 response is independent of IFN-γ and T regulatory cells. Our study has identified a novel pathway to inhibit Th2 responses in a CD137-dependent fashion.
Antisense RNAs: a novel mechanism for the regulation of gene expression

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Обзор посвящен состоянию вопроса о недавно открытом новом механизме регуляции генной экспрессии, основанном на РНК: РНК-взаимодействии. Приведены сведения об обнаруженных в природе примерах регуляторной функции антисмысловых РНК, об общих принципах конструирования искусственных антисмысловых регуляторных систем, а также представлен анализ работ, посвященных экспериментальной проверке активности различных антисмысловых РНК-транскриптов в репрессии отдельных генов.
Innovative technologies for enhancing occupational safety in construction sites

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The construction industry faces persistent challenges in ensuring occupational safety due to its high-risk environment and dynamic work conditions. Adopting innovative technologies has emerged as a transformative approach to addressing these challenges and improving worker safety. Wearable devices, drones, and smart sensors have been at the forefront of this shift, enabling real-time hazard detection, monitoring worker health, and enhancing safety protocols through advanced training methodologies. This article explores the role of these technologies in revolutionizing occupational safety in construction sites. Wearable devices, such as smart helmets and vests, monitor physiological parameters and environmental conditions, providing early warnings for potential hazards. Drones offer aerial surveillance capabilities, enabling site managers to identify unsafe conditions and ensure compliance with safety regulations. Smart sensors embedded in machinery and site infrastructure provide continuous data for monitoring equipment health and detecting environmental risks such as gas leaks or structural instabilities. The article also examines case studies of successful implementations, demonstrating how these technologies have reduced workplace incidents, enhanced productivity, and fostered a culture of safety. Challenges in adoption, including cost implications, integration with existing systems, and workforce training, are discussed, along with strategies to overcome them. By integrating innovative technologies, the construction industry can create safer and more efficient work environments, ultimately minimizing risks and enhancing occupational health. The study concludes by exploring emerging trends, such as AI-powered predictive analytics and robotic automation, which promise to further advance safety practices in construction.
Severe Isolated Peripheral Polyneuropathy without Myelopathy after Nitrous Oxide Abuse: A Case Report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Nitrous oxide (N2O) abuse induces vitamin B12 deficiency, resulting in complications in the central and peripheral nervous systems. Some cases related to subacute combined degeneration or myeloneuropathy after N2O abuse have been reported. However, isolated peripheral polyneuropathy without spinal cord involvement has rarely been reported in South Korea. We describe a 29-year-old woman who had inhaled “happy balloons” daily (1,000 balloons/day) for recreational purposes over 3-month period, and presented with acute symmetrical hypoesthesia, paresthesia, and motor weakness on the bilateral lower limbs. Serologic tests showed megaloblastic anemia and vitamin B12 deficiency. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain and spine showed no abnormalities. An electrodiagnostic study confirmed lower limb-dominant axonal sensorimotor polyneuropathy due to vitamin B12 deficiency from N2O abuse. The patient was treated with intramuscular vitamin B12 replacement. A follow-up electrodiagnostic study 4 months after the initial study showed only partial improvement. Despite the legal efforts of the Korean government to ban the use of N2O other than for medical purposes, cases of complications from its abuse are on the rise, especially among young adults. Physicians should recognize the strong possibility of N2O abuse as an underlying cause of vitamin B12 responsive polyneuropathy with or without spinal cord involvement.
Alkaline hydrolysis of the dihydropyrimidines

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAlkaline hydrolysis of the dihydropyrimidinesEugene G. SanderCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1969, 91, 13, 3629–3634Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1969Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1969https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01041a035https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01041a035research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views241Altmetric-Citations34LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Elution of Kidney-Bound Antibody by pH-Shift Does Not Discriminate between Antibodies Differing in Functional Affinity for Their Ligand

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Antibodies eluted from kidneys by traditional methods of pH shift have been used as reagents in a wide variety of experimental analyses without knowledge of whether their ligand affinity influenced their removal from parenchymal tissue. In the current study we employed two monoclonal antibodies, differing only in their functional affinity (high; K = 2.1 × 10<sup>8</sup>/<i>M</i> and low; K = 6.2 × 10<sup>6</sup>/<i>M</i>) to a common ligand found on the renal basement membrane, to evaluate whether a standard elution technique might selectively facilitate the removal of one antibody over the other. Our findings indicate, however, that the routine methods of elution by pH shift remove both antibodies equally well (41–48%), and without loss of paratypic function. These results provide new evidence that elution by pH shift can produce eluate antibodies which are not biased by preferred affinities.
Preface ICA 2023

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The aim of the IEEE International Conference on Agents (ICA) is to bring together scientists, engineers, and students from around the world to exchange their experiences, ideas, and research findings on various aspects of intelligent agents and multi-agent systems. The conference also serves to discuss practical challenges and potential solutions. Previous editions of IEEE ICA were held in Japan (2016), China (2017), Singapore (2018), China (2019), Japan (2023), Australia (2022), and Japan (2023).
MirGAN: Medical Image Reconstruction using Generative Adversarial Networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Computerized tomography scan (or CT scan) is one of the most prominent diagnostic tools used in medical imaging which provides anatomical information about the human body. It uses X-ray machines that rotate and produce 2-dimensional images of the sections of the body under observation and can be visualized easily on the computing devices. There are various deep learning approaches used to reconstruct the medical images by the use of neural networks. In this paper, deep learning based Generative Adversarial Networks (or GAN's) methods have been proposed to reconstruct images from a given randomized vector and trained data. The main goal of the proposed model is to train a better generator than a discriminator in such a way that the reconstructed images are as real as possibly present in the training data.
Characteristics of Maxillary and Mandibular Defects: -Experience of Surgery Departments in Oujda Hospital Centres in Morocco-

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Maxillary and mandibular defects are pathological entities with different etiologies that may be tumoral, traumatic or infectious. They lead to a dysfunction of the maxillofacial system and other functions like phonation, deglutition and mastication without a considerable impact on the aesthetic and the socio-psychological life of patients. Material and methods: This is a retrospective study that concerns patients who consulted El Farabi Regional Hospital and Mohammed VI University Hospital of Oujda during the period between 2010 and 2015. The aim of this study is to determine the frequency of maxillary and mandibular defects and to establish their epidemiological and clinical profiles in this region. The collected data were gathered from the clinical files of these patients. Results: The study of maxillary defects in Oujda indicate a prevalence of 68.75% with a male predominance (62%) and a mean age of 42 years old. 64.29% of had class II infrastructure maxillary defect according to the Bentahar classification. In the mandible, the prevalence was 31.30%; 53.52% of these mandibular defects were non-interrupted. The defects were mainly caused by tumors. Conclusion: The prevalence of maxillo-mandibular defects is highly variable worldwide. The epidemiological, clinical and pathological features in our population of patients are similar to those reported in the literature. Keywords: Etiology, Maxillary defects, Mandibular defects, Morocco, Prevalence
MULHERES EMPREENDEDORAS NO CONTEXTO LOCAL

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Understanding female entrepreneurial management at the forefront of successful local businesses, in order to learn about the entrepreneurial profile, how to manage the company, challenges and difficulties encountered was the focus of this study. The challenges and difficulties to undertake in Brazil, the gender differences in the organization and also the prejudices still experienced by women are exposed, in addition to discussing how entrepreneurship in the beauty segment is growing and how Brazil is a great power when thinking about the entrepreneurial vocation. The entrepreneur who served as a researched case faced the difficulties and challenges inherent to the beauty segment to undertake, her constant search for knowledge and the implementation of actions aimed at innovation, thus obtaining several awards in the entrepreneurial segment. The findings reveal the increase of women in the face of new successful businesses, which are increasingly on the rise, and this scenario is due to their values and their constant learning, even going through some prejudices in the organizational and business environment, prejudices those built many years ago and which still exist today, but which were not enough to generate discouragement and withdrawal.
Effects of Peony-Licorice Mixture Supplementation on Blood Glucose and Lactate Levels

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Background : The purpose of this study was to examine that the effects of Peony-Licorice (PL) mixture supplementation on post-exercise blood glucose and lactate in professional women basketball players. Methods: Eleven professional women basketball players were participated in this study. The subjects participated in two trials, PL supplementation and water supplementation. They did 20-meter shuttle run test, and measured blood glucose and lactate level before, immediately, after 3 minutes, after 5 minutes and after 10 minutes the test. Results: There was not interaction effect on blood glucose(p<0.433) and lactate(p<0.770) levels. Blood glucose and lactate levels were increased in PL group and water group after the test. Conclusion: PL supplementation could not affect changing blood glucose and lactate level. Therefore, we suggest that PL supplementation may not be positive ergogenic aid for improving exercise performance in professional women basketball players.
Novel biofilm-mediated bioprocesses for water purification

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Monochloramine (MCA) is widely being used as a residual disinfectant in water distribution system as it is more stable than chlorine and lessens the formation of disinfection by-products (DBPs). In research, MCA are typically prepared right before each experiment as it decays significantly overtime. However, the lack of standardized method for preparing MCA poses potential consequences on their downstream applications. Several preparation protocols were chosen from relevant journals and the performance of MCA produced were analysed. Various types of degradation kinetics associated with MCA were examined and the abiotic and biotic factors were also discussed. Finally, we studied the killing efficacies of MCA prepared to highlight the need of having a standardised preparation protocol.
Food Web Magnification of Persistent Organic Pollutants in Poikilotherms and Homeotherms from the Barents Sea

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Food web magnification of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) was determined for the Barents Sea food web using 615N as a continuous variable for assessing trophic levels (TL). The food web investigated comprised zooplankton, ice fauna and fish (poikilotherms, TL 1.7-3.3), and seabirds and seals (homeotherms, TL 3.3-4.2), with zooplankton representing the lowest and glaucous gull the highest trophic level. Concentrations of lipophilic and persistent organochlorines were orders of magnitude higher in homeotherms than in poikilotherms. These compounds had significantly higher rates of increase per trophic level in homeotherms relative to poikilotherms, with the highest food web magnification factors (FWMFs) for cischlordane and p,p'-DDE. Some compounds, such as transnonachlor and HCB, had similar rates of increase throughout the food web, whereas compounds that are more readily eliminated (gamma-HCH) showed no relationship with trophic level. It is preferable to calculate FWMFs with regard to thermal groups, because the different energy requirements and biotransformation abilities between poikilotherms and homeotherms may give different rates of contaminant increase with trophic level. When biomagnification is compared between ecosystems, FWMFs are preferable to single predator-prey biomagnification factors. FWMFs represent a trophic level increase of contaminants that is average for the food chain rather than an increase for a specific predator-prey relationship. The Barents Sea FWMFs were generally comparable to those determined for marine food webs with similar food chain lengths in the Canadian Arctic.
Two General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Compliant Approaches to Scoring Firm Financial Frailty in Business Litigation

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

A litany of data artifacts, including the possibility of source data drift, lack of generalizability, and imprecise risk categories, all weaken—and may even impugn—estimates of a firm's economic frailty when using the Altman Z-score as a formulaic measure of risk in business litigation. These limitations constitute potential veto points which may be exploited by opposing counsel in court proceedings. We offer two possibly complementary approaches to obtaining estimates of the probability of a firm’s likelihood of business failure. To illustrate these approaches, we use the case study data in O'Haver (1993) and Local Outlier Probabilities (Breunig et al., 2000; Kriegel et al., 2009) and PRIDIT (Brockett, et al., 2002; Lieberthal, 2008) to first order the outcomes in terms of a numeric score. Once ordered, the scores represent either probability-of-insolvency measure or an insolvency ranking. We then map the scores onto bivariate classes using Fisher-Jenks clustering. Each algorithm’s accuracy is obtained by comparing its predictions of either failure of viability to those of the labeled data in O'Haver (1993). Both procedures are sound and with equal accuracy to the original discriminant analysis featured in O'Haver (1993). We hold that these competing approaches are capable of navigating opposing counsel objections. Importantly, our approach also falls well within the interpretability criteria demanded by the EU General Data Protection Regulation (“GDPR”) and other regulations taking aim at black-box algorithms.
Perceived Physical and Social Residential Environment and Preterm Delivery in African-American Women

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Perceptions of the residential environment may be associated with preterm delivery (PTD), though few studies exist. Data from the Life-course Influences on Fetal Environments (LIFE) Study (metropolitan Detroit, Michigan, 2009-2011) were used to examine whether perceptions of the current social and physical environment were associated with PTD rates among postpartum African-American women (n = 1,411). Perceptions of the following neighborhood characteristics were measured with validated multi-item scales: healthy food availability, walkability, safety, social cohesion, and social disorder. No significant associations between perceived residential environment and PTD were found in the total sample. However, education significantly modified 4 of the 5 associations (all interaction P's < 0.05). In women with ≤12 years of education, significant inverse associations were observed between PTD rates and perceptions of the following neighborhood characteristics: healthy food availability (unadjusted prevalence ratio (uPR) = 0.81, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.68, 0.98), walkability (uPR = 0.77, 95% CI: 0.64, 0.95), and safety (uPR = 0.73, 95% CI: 0.56, 0.95). Women with ≤12 years of education also had higher PTD rates with higher social disorder (age-adjusted PR = 1.54, 95% CI: 1.10, 2.17). Null associations existed for women with >12 years of education. The PTD rates of women with lower education may be significantly affected by the physical and social residential environment.
Selection of shrimp breeders free of white spot syndrome and infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

The objective of this work was to select surviving breeders of Litopenaeus vannamei from white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) outbreak, adapted to local climatic conditions and negatively diagnosed for WSSV and infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHHNV), and to evaluate if this strategy is a viable alternative for production in Santa Catarina, Brazil. A total of 800 males and 800 females were phenotypically selected in a farm pond. Nested-PCR analyses of 487 sexually mature females and 231 sexually mature males showed that 63% of the females and 55% of the males were infected with IHHNV. Animals free of IHHNV were tested for WSSV, and those considered double negative were used for breeding. The post-larvae produced were stocked in nine nursery tanks for analysis. From the 45 samples, with 50 post-larvae each, only two were positive for IHHNV and none for WSSV. Batches of larvae diagnosed free of virus by nested-PCR were sent to six farms. A comparative analysis was carried out in growth ponds, between local post-larvae and post-larvae from Northeast Brazil. Crabs (Chasmagnathus granulata), blue crabs (Callinectes sapidus), and sea hares (Aplysia brasiliana), which are possible vectors of these viruses, were also evaluated. The mean survival was 55% for local post-larvae against 23.4% for post-larvae from the Northeast. Sea hares showed prevalence of 50% and crabs of 67% of WSSV.