jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Data from Small RNA Sequencing and Functional Characterization Reveals MicroRNA-143 Tumor Suppressor Activity in Liposarcoma

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

<div>Abstract<p>Liposarcoma remains the most common mesenchymal cancer, with a mortality rate of 60% among patients with this disease. To address the present lack of therapeutic options, we embarked upon a study of microRNA (miRNA) expression alterations associated with liposarcomagenesis with the goal of exploiting differentially expressed miRNAs and the gene products they regulate as potential therapeutic targets. MicroRNA expression was profiled in samples of normal adipose tissue, well-differentiated liposarcoma, and dedifferentiated liposarcoma by both deep sequencing of small RNA libraries and hybridization-based Agilent microarrays. The expression profiles discriminated liposarcoma from normal adipose tissue and well differentiated from dedifferentiated disease. We defined over 40 miRNAs that were dysregulated in dedifferentiated liposarcomas in both the sequencing and the microarray analysis. The upregulated miRNAs included two cancer-associated species (miR-21 and miR-26a), and the downregulated miRNAs included two species that were highly abundant in adipose tissue (miR-143 and miR-145). Restoring miR-143 expression in dedifferentiated liposarcoma cells inhibited proliferation, induced apoptosis, and decreased expression of BCL2, topoisomerase 2A, protein regulator of cytokinesis 1 (PRC1), and polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1). The downregulation of PRC1 and its docking partner PLK1 suggests that miR-143 inhibits cytokinesis in these cells. In support of this idea, treatment with a PLK1 inhibitor potently induced G<sub>2</sub>–M growth arrest and apoptosis in liposarcoma cells. Taken together, our findings suggest that miR-143 re-expression vectors or selective agents directed at miR-143 or its targets may have therapeutic value in dedifferentiated liposarcoma. <i>Cancer Res; 71(17); 5659–69. ©2011 AACR</i>.</p></div>
leapgp: Localized Ensemble of Approximate Gaussian Processes

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

An emulator designed for rapid sequential emulation (e.g., Markov chain Monte Carlo applications). Works via extension of the 'laGP' approach by Gramacy and Apley (2015 <doi:10.1080/10618600.2014.914442>). Details are given in Rumsey et al. (2023 <doi:10.1002/sta4.576>).
Relief of the negative effects of heat stress on semen quality, reproductive efficiency and oxidative capacity of rabbit bucks using different natural antioxidants

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Objective: The potential of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO), betaine (BET), and ginger (GIN), as natural antioxidants, in reducing negative effects of heat stress on physiological responses, antioxidant capacity, semen quality and fertility of bucks under heat stress were investigated.Methods: Forty adult Animal Production Research Institute line rabbit bucks were distributed randomly into four experimental treatments of ten rabbits each. The first treatment was fed the commercial pellet diet (CPD) without supplementation and served as a control. The other three treatments were fed CPD supplemented with EVOO (300 mg), BET (1,000 mg), and GIN (200 mg) per kg diet for 3 consecutive months during the summer season.Results: Supplementation of EVOO, BET, or GIN improved (p<0.05) the sexual desire, progressive motility, vitality, intact acrosome and membrane integrity, sperm cell concentration, sperm outputs and fertility. Seminal plasma total proteins, globulin, total antioxidant capacity, glutathione and glutathione S-transferase, and initial fructose increased (p<0.05), while total lipids, aspartate and alanine aminotransferases and malondialdehyde decreased (p<0.05) compared with the control. In comparing the natural antioxidants treatments, GIN evoked the largest improvement.Conclusion: The inclusion of GIN (200 mg/kg diet) appeared to improve the sexual desire, semen quality and oxidative stress of bucks. This may be a beneficial supplement for the management of rabbit bucks used in natural mating or artificial insemination.
Vascular Smooth Muscle: Quantitation of Cell Thickness in the Wall of Arterioles in the Living Animal in situ

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The wall of microarterial vessels, in the living animal in situ , was examined at magnification up to × 6500 on the television screen. The optical resolution of the cell components of the wall was sufficiently clear to permit image formation and splitting for permanent recording and quantitation. Thickness of single smooth muscle cells at rest was estimated to be 2.08 microns (S.D. ± 0.24 micron) and 2.78 microns (S.D. ± 0.59 micron) by two different approaches. Changes in cell thickness during activity were also recorded and quantitated.
Microscale numerical simulation of yarn tensile behavior using a high-fidelity geometrical fiber model extracted from micro-CT imaging

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Air jet weaving, where the weft yarn is transported through the machine using air as propelling medium, is a popular weaving method due to its superior productivity, however at the cost of a high energy demand. The interactions between the weft yarn and the air jets are complex and not yet fully understood. Moreover, state-of-the-art techniques to simulate these interactions, are far from mature since the yarn is often simplified as a smooth and solid cylinder. Therefore, a novel multi-scale and multi-physics approach is proposed to simulate the interaction between weft yarns and air jets. Starting from microcomputed tomography (µCT) scans of a yarn used in air jet weaving, a high-fidelity microscale geometrical model is constructed, representing the yarn by its fibers. This geometrical model is used as input for microstructural simulations and will be used for flow simulations on microscale, where the aim is to extract local coefficients and as such characterize the yarn. These coefficients are then used as input for computationally cheap macroscale models, where the yarn is represented by its centerline containing the microscale properties. In a final stage, the macroscale structural and flow models will be coupled as to obtain a full FSI simulation of a weft insertion in an air jet loom. Current paper highlights the microscale geometry extraction of a fine wool fiber yarn of 28.8 tex. Consecutively, a computational framework is proposed to simulate the tensile behavior of this yarn, using the previously obtained microscale geometrical model. The resulting stress-strain curve of the yarn is compared to experiments and shows good correspondence.
Managing the Quiet Crisis

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

At a time when many are watching the economic development of India with interest, this book, on the history of that process since independence, is certainly topical. And while most histories of development tend to focus upon a limited aspect of the phenomenon, Corinna R. Unger offers a broad perspective, covering not only rural development and industrialization but also urbanization and population policy. In order to make such a huge task manageable in a book of moderate length, she has chosen to focus upon a series of case studies. The book’s central concern is to explain why some development strategies were chosen rather than others, and it does so by attending not merely to formal declarations of policy but to the concepts of development embodied within them and how they were implemented. The study pays attention to the agendas and impact of both international organizations (the World Bank, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations [FAO], bilateral donors, foundations) and those on the ground who “experienced” development. In studying the latter Unger emphasizes that development was not simply imposed by the global North upon a passive South. Those in receipt of aid were not easily manipulated and resisted some policies more than others so that outcomes were rarely what donors had intended.
Geography, Economic Policy, and Regional Development in China

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Many studies of regional disparity in China have focused on the preferential policies received by the coastal provinces.We decomposed the location dummies in provincial growth regressions to obtain estimates of the effects of geography and policy on provincial growth rates in 1996-99.Their respective contributions in percentage points were 2.5 and 3.5 for the province-level metropolises, 0.6 and 2.3 for the northeastern provinces, 2.8 and 2.8 for the coastal provinces, 2.0 and 1.6 for the central provinces, 0 and 1.6 for the northwestern provinces, and 0.1 and 1.8 for the southwestern provinces.Because the so-called preferential policies are largely deregulation policies that have allowed coastal Chinese provinces to integrate into the international economy, it is far superior to reduce regional disparity by extending these deregulation policies to the interior provinces than by re-regulating the coastal provinces.Two additional inhibitions to income convergence are the household registration system, which makes the movement of the rural poor to prosperous areas illegal, and the monopoly state bank system that, because of its bureaucratic nature, disburses most of its funds to its large traditional customers, few of whom are located in the western provinces.Improving infrastructure to overcome geographic barriers is fundamental to increasing western growth, but increasing human capital formation (education and medical care) is also crucial because only it can come up with new better ideas to solve centuries-old problems like unbalanced growth.
SH331300.07FU

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.
Metabolic stress and tumor progression : a role for glutamine in fibroblast migration

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Tumors are complex tissues composed by multiple cell types, such as cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs), that facilitate the invasive behavior of tumor cells. When we examined their nutrient requirements, we observed that CAFs rely much more on glutamine than epithelial tumor cells; consequently, they are more sensitive to glutaminase inhibition. Glutamine-dependence in CAFs promotes their migration and invasion towards this amino acid when challenged with a gradient of glutamine. Moreover, fibroblasts support the collective invasion of epithelial tumor cells towards glutamine, a process that is governed by TGF-β/Snail1-dependent fibroblast activation. Fibroblasts migrating towards glutamine present a polarized distribution of Akt2, that is modulated by the E3 ubiquitin ligase TRAF6 in response to TGF-β stimulation and glutamine availability. In addition, the depletion of this Akt isoform prevents the effect of these cells on epithelial tumor invasion. Therefore, these results demonstrate that the high dependence on glutamine of CAFs promotes nutrient-driven tumor invasion.
OS-Independent Malware Detection: Applying Machine Learning and Computer Vision in Memory Forensics

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Malware detection is an essential task to protect computing systems, and it is crucial to detect potential malicious code in memory. Thus, we utilize the memory forensics approach to build an OS-independent malware detection system. To accomplish this goal, we integrate fundamental machine learning techniques with memory forensics for building a classification tool and apply computer vision for preprocessing data. Our system needs a huge data set from both benign and malicious memory dumps for building a machine learning model. Therefore, we also build a MemGen system to simulate any scenario for computers and dump benign or malicious memory snapshots. We use the MemGen system to create a new dataset that includes types of 2750 samples of 8 different newest malware and benign memory dumps. The results are obtained by applying the machine learning algorithms SVM based on RBF kernel, Random Forest, and Decision Tree on the generated dataset by MemGen that has an accuracy of 93.42%, 93.75%, 92.83% respectively. Moreover, we test the trained models to recognize unknown malware and obtained quite impressive results with accuracy up to 87.44%, 84.78%, 80% on average for Random Forest, Decision Tree, and SVM algorithms, on a dataset of 900 malware samples from 3 types of malware: OskiStealer, RedLineStealer, and SnapKeylogger.
Effects of Frustration and Aggression on Physiological Arousal Level in Depressed Subjects

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Sixteen depressed psychiatric inpatients were tested in a 2 × 2 repeated factorial design involving 2 frustration or no-frustration experiences followed by counterbalanced opportunities to aggress and not aggress physically against the frustrator. Primary dependent measures were heart rate and systolic blood pressure, the critical measures being taken before and during frustration and following aggression. Results demonstrated that no-frustration is associated with larger increases in mean heart rate and systolic blood pressure than frustration while no aggression is associated with larger decreases in mean heart rate and systolic blood pressure than physical aggression. Results were interpreted in light of previous data obtained on college sophomores.
Implementation of mentoring in a medical school - mentors and students’ perceptions

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract: Introduction: In medical education, mentoring has the important function of supporting and complementing student’s education through their relationship with a teacher, which fosters student’s global development. Objective: to assess the strengths and weaknesses of a mentoring program in a private school from the perspective of mentors and mentees; to identify, among students who did not participate in mentoring, the reason for not participating, knowledge about the concept of mentoring and the desire to participate in the future. Method: Cross-sectional, descriptive study with a qualitative approach. The study participants included mentors, mentees and students who did not participate in the mentoring program. All participants answered a semi-structured questionnaire and the answers were submitted to a qualitative approach analysis. Results: The answers were divided into two broad categories: strengths - bonding, exposing feelings/self-disclosure, mentoring as a two-way street, space for integration - and weaknesses - organization and scheduling difficulties, conducting group dynamics and addressed topics, of integration between group members. The students who did not participate in mentoring attributed their non-participation to lack of time and reported they wanted to participate in the future. Conclusion: the reports showed strengths and weaknesses of mentoring for mentors and mentees, as well as aspects to be improved. Prospective studies of mentoring programs are needed to identify aspects that promote the development of participants and reduce their suffering, as well as their impact on medical education.
Isolation and Versatile Derivatization of an Unsaturated Anionic Silicon Cluster (Siliconoid)

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The characteristic features of bulk silicon surfaces are echoed in the related partially substituted—and thus unsaturated—neutral silicon clusters (siliconoids). The incorporation of siliconoids into more‐extended frameworks is promising owing to their unique electronic features, but further developments in this regard are limited by the notable absence of functionalized siliconoid derivatives until now. Herein we report the isolation and full characterization of the lithium salt of an anionic R 5 Si 6 ‐siliconoid, thus providing the missing link between silicon‐based Zintl anions and siliconoid clusters. Proof‐of‐principle for the high potential of this species for the efficient transfer of the intact unsaturated R 5 Si 6 moiety is demonstrated by clean reactions with representative electrophiles of Groups 13, 14, and 15.
Investigation of internal forces of knee during hiking with Anybody software.

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Sailing is a vigorous and dynamic sport that requires precise techniques and superior physical fitness. During upwind sailing, the aerodynamics forces acting on the sail will cause the deck to heel - the stronger the wind and the higher the sailing angle to the wind, the greater the heeling force. Water currents and waves can also contribute to the heeling force. Sailors perform many sporadic and sudden body movements to counteract these forces and prevent the vessel from capsizing. Such movements, together with poor hiking technique and insufficient physical strength can cause severe injuries to the spine and knees. Numerous studies have quantified the occurrence of injuries during sailing. According to a review by Moraes et al , most injuries occurred in the lower back (52.9%), followed by other back areas (41.2%), knees (25–32%), right thigh (26.5%), neck (23.5%), right shoulder (23.5%), and forearm or elbow (20.6%). Another study by Legg et al (1997) revealed that 57% of New Zealand Olympic sailors reported injury in the preceding three years, including the lower back (45%), knee (22%), shoulders (18%), and arms (15%).
Influence of Water on CWM Gasification Reactivity.

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

The effect of water on gasification reactivity is studied experimentally for the case of gasification of coal-water mixture (CWM). In this study, CWM, dry coal and dry coal with water vapor, the total amount of which is as same as that contained in the CWM are used. In all experiments, the chemical species produced, the residual volatile matter (VM), fixed carbon (FC), C, H and N molar numbers in both VM and FC, the distribution of particle diameter, the specific surface area and the structure of coal surface are analyzed along the axis of furnace. As a result, the gasification reactivity of CWM is the highest among the three fuels, since water vapor directly reacts with the dense chemical species around a particle. This phenomenon plays a part for the increase of specific surface area and the improvement of gasification efficiency.
Yang-Lee zeros of certain antiferromagnetic models

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We revisit the somewhat less studied problem of Yang-Lee zeros of the Ising antiferromagnet. For this purpose, we study two models, the nearest-neighbor model on a square lattice and the more tractable mean-field model corresponding to infinite-ranged coupling between all sites. In the high-temperature limit, we show that the logarithm of the Yang-Lee zeros can be written as a series in half odd integer powers of the inverse temperature, k, with the leading term ∼k^{1/2}. This result is true in any dimension and for arbitrary lattices. We also show that the coefficients of the expansion satisfy simple identities (akin to sum rules) for the nearest-neighbor case. These identities are verified numerically by computing the exact partition function for a two-dimensional square lattice of size 16×16. For the mean-field model, we write down the partition function (termed the mean-field polynomials) for the ferromagnetic (FM) and antiferromagnetic (AFM) cases and derive from them the mean-field equations. We analytically show that at high temperatures the zeros of the AFM mean-field polynomial scale as ∼k^{1/2} as well. Using a simple numerical method, we find the roots lie on certain curves (the root curves), in the thermodynamic limit for the mean-field polynomials for the AFM case as well as for the FM one. Our results show a new root curve that was not found earlier. Our results also clearly illustrate the phase transition expected for the FM and AFM cases, in the language of Yang-Lee zeros. Moreover, for the AFM case, we observe that the root curves separate two distinct phases of zero and nonzero complex staggered magnetization, and thus depict a complex phase boundary.
Formation of ohmic contacts with SiC by laser ablation

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

A description is given of a new method for the formation of an ohmic contact with silicon carbide (SiC) single crystals, based on laser ablation of the crystal surface. It was found that regions of SiC ablated in air or in vacuum by copper vapour laser radiation (wavelength 510.6 nm, pulse duration 10 ns) become capable of reducing metals (Cu or Ni) from suitable solutions intended for autocatalytic deposition. The Raman spectra of the ablated regions demonstrate the presence of Si nanoclusters of 10–20 nm size, which are one of the reasons for chemical reduction of the metal. The deposited metal forms an ohmic contact with n-type SiC without additional annealing and the specific contact resistance depends weakly on the nature of the metal, amounting to 2.3 and 2.1 mΩ cm2 for Cu and Ni, respectively. The mechanisms of ohmic contact formation by laser ablation are discussed.
PECULIARITIES OF F. D. KRYUKOV’S PUBLICISM OF THE DON PERIOD (1918-1919)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The article is devoted to the analysis of the publicism of the Don writer F. D. Kryukov during the Civil War. The communicative strategies of the writer-journalist are analyzed. The features of creation of publicistic works with the media are revealed. The creative work of F. D. Kryukov of the Don period is characterized by the tragic worldview. It is established that the writer contrasts the philosophy of the apocalypse with the faith in the great destiny of the Cossacks, as well as the patriotic idea, the return to ethical old principles, based on the notions of the Fatherland, conscience and honor.
QUALITY INSPECTION IN POLYMER PROCESSING BY A THERMOPHYSICAL HANDY TESTER

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

固体熱物性テスターを用いた熱伝導率のその場計測によって, 成形加工された高分子樹脂製品の高度な品質検査技術が提供できることを示す。品質に影響を与えることが知られている結晶化度を変化させた場合, およびフィラー濃度を変えた場合のポリエステル樹脂成形品について測定した結果, その熱伝導率は結晶化度やフィラー濃度の変化と良い相関性が確認された。本テスターを用いた熱伝導率の局所測定技術によって, 製品の密度の均質度合いを検査することができる。一例として, 射出成形されたポリプロピレン樹脂製の矩形板について, 射出ゲートを中心とした密度分布に相当すると考えられる熱伝導率分布の大きさを示した。