jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Both 5-HT<sub>1A</sub> and 5-HT<sub>1B</sub> receptor-mediated inhibition of glutamatergic transmission onto cholinergic neurons in basal forebrain

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Basal forebrain (BF) is an origin of cholinergic neurons which project to various brain regions including cortex and hippocampus. BF has been shown to be involved in attention, arousal, learning, and memory, as well as the related disorders, including dementia and Alzheimer's disease. Serotonin (5-HT) is a neuromodulator originating in the dorsal raphe nuclei and serotonergic fibers project and innervate various brain areas including BF nuclei. However, 5-HT-induced modulatory effects on the excitatory synaptic transmission in the BF are unknown. Therefore, this study was aimed to elucidate 5-HT-induced modulation of glutamatergic synaptic transmission onto cholinergic neurons in the BF. BF cholinergic neurons were identified with Cy3-192IgG injected into lateral ventricles at P8-9 and investigated in P12-20 rat brain slices using whole-cell patch-clamp technique. Pharmacologically isolated excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) were evoked by focal electrical stimulation. Bath application of 5-HT inhibited the amplitude of the evoked EPSCs. A 5-HT1A receptor agonist, (R)-(+)-8-OH-DPAT, or a 5-HT1B receptor agonist, CP93129, both inhibited the amplitude of EPSCs. A 5-HT1A receptor antagonist, NAN-190, or a 5-HT1B receptor antagonist, NAS-181, partially antagonized 5-HT-induced inhibition of EPSCs. In the presence of both antagonists, most of 5-HT-induced effect disappeared. 5-HT could still inhibit the EPSCs in the presence of ω-conotoxin GVIA, whereas 5-HT-induced inhibition was significantly smaller in the presence of ω-agatoxin TK than that without ω-agatoxin TK. While 5-HT had no significantly effect on paired-pulse ratio, 5-HT reduced synaptic strength by changing AMPA/NMDA ratio. These results suggest that 5-HT inhibits glutamatergic transmission onto BF cholinergic neurons and that both 5-HT1A and 5-HT1B receptors contribute to 5-HT-induced inhibition. They also suggest that 5-HT inhibits glutamatergic transmission by selectively blocking P/Q-type Ca2+ channels via pre- and postsynaptic mechanisms.
Calcium and magnesium interference studies for the binding of heavy metal ions in solution by Medicago sativa (alfalfa)

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Previous batch laboratory experiments performed to determine the potential ability of seven different varieties of Medicago sativa (alfalfa) revealed that the African shoots population was able to efficiently bind copper(II) and nickel(II) from aqueous solutions. Batch laboratory interference studies were performed with various calcium and magnesium concentrations (0.1 mM to 1 M) in order to ascertain the effects of these ions on the heavy metal binding ability of African alfalfa shoots. Results from these studies have shown that calcium and magnesium did not seriously reduce the binding of copper(II) and lead(II) to African alfalfa shoots. However, high concentrations of calcium and magnesium significantly reduced chromium(III), cadmium(II), nickel(II), and zinc(II) binding to African shoots. In addition, all these experiments were repeated maintaining the ionic strength constant, and similar results were obtained. Interference studies were also conducted in order to determine the effects of hard cations under flow conditions with silica-immobilized African alfalfa shoots. The information obtained from these studies will be useful for an innovative method of heavy metal ion removal and recovery from contaminated waters.
ChemInform Abstract: A Straightforward Synthesis of Both Enantiomers of α‐Vinylalanine and α‐Ethynylalanine.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Guided field Map Estimation and Image Correction for MRI with LargeMagnetic Field Inhomogeneity

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Many methods deployed for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) suffer from degraded image quality when the static magnetic field ($$$B_0$$$) is nonuniform, as $$$B_0$$$ inhomogeneity causes different types of image artifacts and distortions. ﻿Image correction methods require a prior estimate of the field map. In this work, we study the problem of static $$$B_0$$$ inhomogeneity estimation from distorted and undistorted image pairs, despite undistorted images being noisy. The estimated field map is later utilized to correct distorted images. The efficacy of the proposed approach is demonstrated for different encoding methods in the presence of large magnetic field inhomogeneity via extensive simulations.
Pengaruh Penerapan Manajemen Risiko Terhadap Kinerja Keuangan Triwulan 2016 – 2020 Pada Bank Pembangunan Daerah Jawa Timur

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Importance The role of banking is currently very dominant with the financial system. A good financial system will have a positive effect on banking performance. This study aims to determine the effect of banking risk which is analyzed using the ratio of NPL, NIM, LDR, BOPO on financial performance with ROA at the Regional Development Bank of East Java. The data used in this study were obtained from annual published financial reports from the website ojk.go.id. The number of samples is 20 East Java Regional Development Banks with a quarterly period from 2016-20202. This study uses the SSS method where the results of the research show that the determinant coefficient (R2) shows the Adjusted R Square number of 0.988 or 98.8%, which means that variations in the level of financial performance can be explained by NPL, NIM, LDR and BOPO on ROA, the remaining 1.2 % can be explained from other variables outside the research variables. For the research results simultaneously, NPL, NIM, LDR, and BOPO have a significant effect on ROA. The effect partially for NPL Risk (X1) does not have a significant negative effect partially on ROA (Y), for NIM risk (X2) has a partially significant positive effect on ROA (Y), for LDR risk (X3) does not have a significant negative effect partial to the level of ROA (Y), and for the risk of OEOI (X4) a significant negative effect partially on the level of ROA (Y). It is better if the Regional Development Bank of East Java, must be able to identify the risks that may occur in its business activities. In connection with the results of research where the Bank must minimize NPL, LDR and OEOI ratio because it has a negative effect on ROA. Then maximize NIM because it has a positive effect on ROA.
A Performance Oriented Novel Design of Hexapod Robots

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents a novel hexapod robot with legs radially free distributing around the body. Compared with radial symmetric or rectangular symmetric robots, the legs of a radially free distributed hexapod robot can rotate around the body of the robot and redistribute their positions thanks to the proposed radially free distribution mechanism. To investigate the performance of the designed robot, the kinematic reachable workspace is analyzed in the three-dimensional coordinate system and enlarged due to the redistribution mechanism, and then an analysis on the fault tolerance and stability of the robot is addressed to verify the effectiveness of proposed radially free distribution mechanism in theory. Further, several comparative experiments are conducted to examine the superior performance of the proposed hexapod robot in stability, climbing, and energy consumption. The results show that the hexapod robot with radially free distributed legs can improve various performance indexes when it lifts weight or walks on slope.
A Mathematical Approach to Smoothed Molecular Dynamics: Correcting Potentials for Freezing Bond Angles

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Abstract: "The interaction potential of molecular systems which are typically used in molecular dynamics can be split into two parts of essentially different stiffness. The strong part of the potential forces the solution of the equations of motion to oscillate on a very small time scale. There is a strong need for eliminating the smallest time scales because they are a severe restriction for numerical long-term simulations of macromolecules. This leads to the idea of just freezing the high frequency degrees of freedom (bond stretching and bond angles). However, the naive way of doing this via holonomic constraints is bound to produce incorrect results. The paper presents a mathematically rigorous discussion of the limit situation in which the stiffness of the strong part of the potential is increased to infinity. It is demonstrated that the average of the limit solution indeed obeys a constrained Hamiltonian system but with a corrected soft potential. An explicit formula for the additive potential correction is given and its significant contribution is demonstrated in an illustrative example. It appears that this correcting potential is definitely not identical with the Fixman-potential as was repeatedly assumed in the literature."
Research progress on 4.1N and its correlated proteins' interaction

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Protein 4.1N is a member of the cytoskeleton protein 4.1 families, combined with each of the conserved spectrin-actin binding domain, carboxyl terminal domain, membrane binding domain and its neighbouring regulation domain. Here the recent progress in researches involving interactions between 4.1N and different membrane receptor proteins and several other proteins have been summarized, illustrating the important role of 4.1N in cellular and organic physiological activities.
An effect analysis of regional research and development support policies: focused on Gyeongbuk province in Korea

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Regional industry policies, including regional research and development (R&D) policies, have been initiated since 1998 in Korea. Despite the need for performance evaluation, the evaluation studies of the regional R&D support policies are lacking. This study analyses the effect of regional R&D support policies on firm's innovative and economic performance, focusing on Gyeongbuk province and adopting the propensity score matching (PSM) method to deal with the problem of selection bias. The characteristics that influence the participation of the firm in the regional R&D support were analysed as age, R&D department, exports, and the electronics/information appliances industry. The government needs to encourage the firms to have an absorptive capacity by establishing R&D departments. Regional R&D support was analysed to have no significant effects on the commercialization of developed technology, patent applications, new employees, and sales of new products. Though the effect is not statistically significant, it is nonetheless not meaningless, considering the short elapsed time. We can expect that the performance will improve in the future considering the fact that the outputs of the R&D programmes are generated over many years. The regional R&D support policies are expected to contribute to strengthening the regional innovation system by improving the regional firms' innovative capacity in the long term. By adopting the PSM method, the study could potentially eliminate estimation error resulting from the simple comparison between the treatment group and the control group. It is necessary to take special note of the design of the survey in order to adopt the PSM method.
Volume Dynamics Propulsion System Modeling for Supersonics Vehicle Research

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Under the NASA Fundamental Aeronautics Program, the Supersonics Project is working to overcome the obstacles to supersonic commercial flight. The proposed vehicles are long, slim body aircrafts with pronounced aeroservoelastic modes. These modes can potentially couple with propulsion system dynamics, leading to performance challenges such as aircraft ride quality and stability. Other disturbances upstream of the engine generated from atmospheric wind gusts, angle of attack, and yaw can have similar effects. In addition, for optimal propulsion system performance, normal inlet-engine operations are required to be closer to compressor stall and inlet unstart. To study these phenomena, an integrated model is needed that includes both airframe structural dynamics and the propulsion system dynamics. This paper covers the propulsion system component volume dynamics modeling of a turbojet engine that will be used for an integrated vehicle aeropropulsoservoelastic model and for propulsion efficiency studies.
Recombination between the Fostera MLV-like Strain and the Strain Belonging to Lineage 1 of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus in Korea

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is one of the most important pathogens in the swine industry worldwide. In Korea, Fostera PRRS commercial modified live virus (MLV) vaccines have been used since 2014 to control the PRRSV infection. In this study, two PRRSV-2 strains (20D160-1 and 21R2-63-1) were successfully isolated, and their complete genomic sequences were determined. Genetic analysis showed that the two isolates have recombination events between the P129-like strain derived from the Fostera PRRS MLV vaccine and the strain of lineage 1. The 20D160-1 indicated that partial ORF2 to partial ORF4 of the minor parental KNU-1902-like strain, which belongs to Korean lineage C (Kor C) of lineage 1, was inserted into the major parental P129-like strain. The 21R2-63-1 revealed that partial ORF1b of the P129-like strain was inserted into the backbone of the NADC30-like strain. This study is the first to report natural recombinant strains between Fostera PRRS MLV-like strain and the field strain in Korea. These results may have significant implications for MLV evolution and the understanding of PRRSV genetic diversity, while highlighting the need for continuous surveillance of PRRSV.
Poly(Lactic-Co-Glycolic Acid) (PLGA) Nanoparticles Loaded with FK506 Inhibits Acute Heart Transplantation Rejection via Regulation of Monocyte Dendritic Cells Receptor

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

FK506-loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)-nanoparticles (PLGA-NPs) (PLGA-FK506-NPs) have been indicated to exert better curative effect on rejection. Therefore, were herein studied mechanism underlying PLGA-FK506-NPs suppression of heart transplantation rejection. After construction of heterotopic heart transplant model in rats and preparation of composite NPs, the animals were administered with normal saline, FK506 and PLGA-FK506-NPs. With measurement of survival time for transplanted hearts and detection of NPs toxicity, rat tissue sample was collected for Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining observation. T cell infiltration and contents of IL-12 and IL-23 in dendritic cell (DCs) were also detected. In the presence of FK506 or PLGA-FK506-NPs, cell viability did not change significantly ( p > 0.05), indicating low toxicity of PLGA-FK506-NPs. Importantly, treatment with FK506 or PLGA-FK506-NPs alleviated CD3+ T cell infiltration and rejection, compared with control group. Of note was that, 40% of the rat hearts in the PLGA-FK506-NPs group had an Acute Rejection (AR) level of 1R, but only 20% in the FK506 group. PLGA-FK506-NPs group had a longer heart transplant survival time than both control and FK506 groups ( p <0.001). Over time, FK506 concentration decreased in blood from the rats in the FK506 and PLGA-FK506-NPs groups, indicating that, FK506 was gradually metabolized. Additionally, PLGA-FK506-NPs and FK506 resulted in increased secretion of IL-12 and IL-23, with a higher level in the PLGA-FK506-NPs group. PLGA-FK506-NPs can effectively increase FK506 content in the body, prolonging survival time of heart transplant recipients, relieving AR, and improving secretion of related factors in the mono-DCs recipients.
The Implementation of Breastfeeding Counseling on Expectant Mother in Tangerang 2018

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The practice on exclusive breastfeeding for the early birth baby has become a crucial moment which will determine the success of further exclusive breastfeeding. There are some barriers during the old breastfeeding. According to Riskedas (2010) exclusive breastfeeding is ‘the practice of breastfeeding since the delivery of a baby without feeding on other food and drinks during the first 24 hours of life (only breastfeeding, excluding the other food and beverages). Based on Nutritional Status in 2017 by Public Health Director General, Indonesian Ministry of Health 2018 the number of babies that achieve breastfeeding during the first five months is about 46.74%, while the number of babies that complete breastfeeding during the first six months decreases to 35.73%. Those numbers have fallen behind the name that targeted by WHO (90%). The benefits of breastfeeding itself have been discussed by many sources and literature. One of the barriers of exclusive breastfeeding is the lack of information about the importance of the practice on exclusive breastfeeding. The availability of a breastfeeding counselor at the healthcare facility also affects the success rate of breastfeeding. FTKP in JKN era nowadays has become the advanced healthcare tools that face the public directly. Hopefully, with the existence of FTKP could give a real contribution in increasing the number of the Scope of Exclusive Breastfeeding in Tangerang. The purpose of this research is to find the effect of intensive counseling that has been given to third-trimester expectant mothers on the success rate during the first three days postpartum at Azzahra Sitanala Clinic, Tangerang. This research implements the quasi-experiment research design. Sample collection is done by purposive sampling non-equivalent control group technique with inclusion and exclusion criteria which has been defined. The statistical test is done by t-test and Pearson Correlation. The findings of this research are the correlation between intensive breastfeeding counseling with the success rate on three days postpartum.
The left ventricular eccentricity as a predictor of postoperative cardiac performance in valvular heart diseases.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A clear correlation expressed by the following equation was observed between the preoperative left ventricular end-systolic eccentricity (epsilon s) and the percentage change of the left ventricular dimension (% delta D) in chronic valvular heart diseases: % delta D = 88.37 epsilon s - 48.16 (r = 0.66, p less than 0.001). Therefore, epsilon s may function as an index for predicting the postoperative cardiac performance independent of the affected valvular locations and the morphology of the lesions.
Adaptive trajectory tracking control system design for hypersonic vehicles with parametric uncertainty

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A new nonlinear adaptive control scheme based on the immersion and invariance theory is presented to achieve robust velocity and altitude tracking for hypersonic vehicles with parametric uncertainty. The longitudinal dynamics of the hypersonic vehicle are first decomposed into velocity, altitude/flight-path angle, and angle of attack/pitch rate subsystems. Then a non-certainty-equivalent controller based on immersion and invariance, consisting of a control module and a parameter estimator, is designed for each subsystem with all the aerodynamic parameters unknown. The main feature of this method lies in the construction of the estimator, which is a sum of a partial estimate generated from the update law and an additional nonlinear term. The new term is capable of assigning appointed stable dynamics to the parameter estimate error. Stability analysis is presented using Lyapunov theory and shows asymptotical convergence of the tracking error to zero. Representative simulations are performed. Rapid and accurate command tracking is demonstrated in these numerical simulations, which illustrate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed approach.
Well-posedness and decay property of regularity-loss type for the Cauchy problem of the standard linear solid model with Gurtin–Pipkin thermal law

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we consider the Cauchy problem related to the standard linear solid model with Gurtin–Pipkin thermal law in the whole space. Under some assumptions on the relaxation function g, we establish the well-posedness result by using semigroup theory. Besides, by using the energy method in the Fourier space, we prove the decay estimate result under the non-critical case. Our result indicates that the decay property is of the regularity-loss type, which is in line with the decay property of Cattaneo system.
The Role of ChatGPT in Knowledge Management: Its Impact on Innovation and Performance of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs)

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

In today's era of globalization and digitalization, knowledge management has become a crucial component for the success of organizations, including MSMEs. This research aims to review existing literature to understand how ChatGPT can be utilized in knowledge management for MSMEs and its impact on innovation and performance. This study is a literature review with a qualitative approach. Data were collected from Google Scholar, one of the leading academic databases, with a literature search conducted for the period 2007-2024 to ensure relevance and currency of the information obtained. The results of the study indicate that ChatGPT has significant potential in enhancing knowledge management, innovation, and performance of micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs). This technology offers various benefits, including quick access to information, strategic recommendations, and support for innovation. The use of ChatGPT helps MSMEs manage knowledge more efficiently, improve customer service quality, and optimize business operations.
[Dynamics of serum immunoglobulin concentrations in the rabbit during experimental food anaphylaxis].

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

The content of serum IgG, IgM and IgG was studied in rabbits at varying times of oral sensitization of animals before and after administration of the resolving dose of food protein. The content of IgG was found to be reduced on the 19th-21st day of sensitization. Meanwhile the content of IgA increased on the 24th day of oral sensitization. Administration of the resolving dose of protein on the 19th day of sensitization was followed by the reduction of IgG content. A reverse correlation was revealed between the changes in the content of IgG and the degree of food anaphylaxis in rabbits.