jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
El Niño-Southern Oscillation forcing on carbon and water cycling in a Bornean tropical rainforest

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Carbon dioxide and water vapor exchanges between tropical forest canopies and the atmosphere through photosynthesis, respiration, and evapotranspiration (ET) influence carbon and water cycling at the regional and global scales. Their inter- and intra-annual variations are sensitive to seasonal rhythms and longer-timescale tropical climatic events. In the present study, we assessed the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) influence on ET and on the net ecosystem exchange (NEE), using eddy-covariance flux observations in a Bornean rainforest over a 10-y period (2010–2019) that included several El Niño and La Niña events. From flux model inversions, we inferred ecophysiological properties, notably the canopy stomatal conductance and “big-leaf” maximum carboxylation rate ( V cmax25_BL ). Mean ET values were similar between ENSO phases (El Niño, La Niña, and neutral conditions). Conversely, the mean net ecosystem productivity was highest during La Niña events and lowest during El Niño events. Combining Shapley additive explanation calculations for nine controlling factors with a machine-learning algorithm, we determined that the primary factors for ET and NEE in the La Niña and neutral phases were incoming shortwave solar radiation and V cmax25_BL , respectively, but that canopy stomatal conductance was the most significant factor for both ET and NEE in the El Niño phase. A combined stomatal-photosynthesis model approach further indicated that V cmax25_BL differences between ENSO phases were the most significant controlling factor for canopy photosynthesis, emphasizing the strong need to account for ENSO-induced ecophysiological factor variations in model projections of the long-term carbon balance in Southeast Asian tropical rainforests.
Ungrading for Cartographic Education: Reflections from Small Undergraduate Classes

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Conventional grading has been shown to be fraught with problems.For one, it thwarts intrinsic motivation to learn in favor of motivation to simply earn a score (Blum 2020).It also exacerbates structural discrimination, having been shown to be biased in terms of race and class (Shelton and Razi 2021).Moreover, even when instructors provide detailed feedback alongside grades, research shows that students tend to look only at the grades and ignore the feedback (Blum 2020).
Quantum Enhanced Anomaly Detection for ADS-B Data using Hybrid Deep Learning

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The emerging field of Quantum Machine Learning (QML) has shown promising advantages in accelerating processing speed and effectively handling the high dimensionality associated with complex datasets. Quantum Computing (QC) enables more efficient data manipulation through the quantum properties of superposition and entanglement. In this paper, we present a novel approach combining quantum and classical machine learning techniques to explore the impact of quantum properties for anomaly detection in Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) data. We compare the performance of a Hybrid-Fully Connected Quantum Neural Network (H-FQNN) with different loss functions and use a publicly available ADS-B dataset to evaluate the performance. The results demonstrate competitive performance in detecting anomalies, with accuracies ranging from 90.17% to 94.05%, comparable to the performance of a traditional Fully Connected Neural Network (FNN) model, which achieved accuracies between 91.50% and 93.37%.
CSD 1408021: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

An entry from the Inorganic Crystal Structure Database, the world’s repository for inorganic crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the joint CCDC and FIZ Karlsruhe Access Structures service and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
Scaling A Blockchain-Based System Via Optimized Load Balancing Among Shards

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract

Blockchain technology, despite its transformative potential, often encounters scalabil-ity challenges that hinder its widespread adoption. This research proposes an innovative approach to improve Blockchain scalability through optimized load balancing by distributing nodes within shards, leveraging different distribution of M/M/k model. To ensure balanced processing, incoming and outgoing queries are handled with distinct distribution methods, reducing idle time and enhancing network traffic management. To validate our approach, we conducted comprehensive performance comparisons with traditional top load balancing techniques, including Round-Robin (RR), Least Connection (LC) and their variants. The results demonstrate that the proposed method significantly outperformed these conventional techniques in terms of load distribution efficiency, response time, and overall system scalability. This study provides a compelling case to adopt our optimized load balancing strategy in Blockchain systems, paving the way for more scalable and robust Blockchain applications.
Eosinophilic esophagitis in pediatric age, state of the art and review of the literature.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic immune-mediated relapsing disease caused by eosinophilic infiltration of the esophageal mucosa which is normally lacking these cells. EoE belongs to the group of the so called Eosinophilic Gastrointestinal Disorders (EGIDs). From a rare and unusual disease, EoE has become an emerging entity and in recent years its incidence and prevalence have increased all over the world, also in children. The pathogenesis is very complex and still not completely clear. Esophageal disfunction symptoms (e.g. dysphagia and food impaction) represent the typical manifestation of EoE and this condition could be difficult to recognize, more in pediatric age than in adults. Moreover, symptoms can often overlap with those of gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD), leading to a delayed diagnosis. EoE is often related to atopy and an allergological evaluation is recommended. Untreated EoE could provoke complications such as strictures, esophageal rings, narrowing of the esophagus. Diagnosis is confirmed by the demonstration in biopsy specimens obtained through upper endoscopy of eosinophilic inflammation (>15 for high powered field) of the esophageal mucosa and other histological features. Other tests could be useful not specifically for the diagnosis, but for the characterization of the subtype of EoE. Since EoE incidence and knowledge about physiopathology and natural history have increased, the goal of the review is to provide some helpful tools for the correct management in pediatric age together with an overview about epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical, diagnosis and treatment of the disease.
Leakage Current Due To Plasma Induced Damage In Thin Gate Oxide MOS Transistors

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Leakage current was measured on devices with different oxide thickness ranging from 4.5nm to 13nm. Thinner oxide devices exhibited larger leakage, while all devices showed antenna ratio dependence. Detailed measurements were done on 4.5nm oxide devices. We observed high leakage current at low applied voltages in both NMOS and PMOS transistors, caused by charging damage due to plasma processing. Hot carrier measurements were done and the results correlate with leakage current in PMOS transistors having different antenna ratios, while there is no such correlation in NMOS devices. A possible explanation for this difference is given.
Electronic Transport In Glassy Silicon - Backbone Polymers

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Polysilylenes, organic polymers with silicon backbone, represent a new class of dielectric materials capable of transporting injected holes. Charge transport in poly(methylphenylsilylene), a typical representative of these polymers, is thermally activated and relatively non-dispersive over a wide range of temperatures. The carrier drift mobility is high for organic glasses, near 10-4 cm2N.s. at E = 105 V/cm, and field dependent at T < Tg. The charge transport in polysilylenes has most of the characteristics of hopping transport among discrete states, but it is insensitive to the nature of the side groups (aromatic or aliphatic) and the molecular weight of the polymer. The proposed mechanism of transport is that of hopping among rather short segments of the silicon chain.
Early Restrictive Fluid Strategy Impairs the Diaphragm Force in Lambs with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background The effect of fluid management strategies in critical illness–associated diaphragm weakness are unknown. This study hypothesized that a liberal fluid strategy induces diaphragm muscle fiber edema, leading to reduction in diaphragmatic force generation in the early phase of experimental pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome in lambs. Methods Nineteen mechanically ventilated female lambs (2 to 6 weeks old) with experimental pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome were randomized to either a strict restrictive fluid strategy with norepinephrine or a liberal fluid strategy. The fluid strategies were maintained throughout a 6-h period of mechanical ventilation. Transdiaphragmatic pressure was measured under different levels of positive end-expiratory pressure (between 5 and 20 cm H 2 O). Furthermore, diaphragmatic microcirculation, histology, inflammation, and oxidative stress were studied. Results Transdiaphragmatic pressures decreased more in the restrictive group (–9.6 cm H 2 O [95% CI, –14.4 to –4.8]) compared to the liberal group (–0.8 cm H 2 O [95% CI, –5.8 to 4.3]) during the application of 5 cm H 2 O positive end-expiratory pressure ( P = 0.016) and during the application of 10 cm H 2 O positive end-expiratory pressure (–10.3 cm H 2 O [95% CI, –15.2 to –5.4] vs . –2.8 cm H 2 O [95% CI, –8.0 to 2.3]; P = 0.041). In addition, diaphragmatic microvessel density was decreased in the restrictive group compared to the liberal group (34.0 crossings [25th to 75th percentile, 22.0 to 42.0] vs. 46.0 [25th to 75th percentile, 43.5 to 54.0]; P = 0.015). The application of positive end-expiratory pressure itself decreased the diaphragmatic force generation in a dose-related way; increasing positive end-expiratory pressure from 5 to 20 cm H 2 O reduced transdiaphragmatic pressures with 27.3% (17.3 cm H 2 O [95% CI, 14.0 to 20.5] at positive end-expiratory pressure 5 cm H 2 O vs. 12.6 cm H 2 O [95% CI, 9.2 to 15.9] at positive end-expiratory pressure 20 cm H 2 O; P < 0.0001). The diaphragmatic histology, markers for inflammation, and oxidative stress were similar between the groups. Conclusions Early fluid restriction decreases the force-generating capacity of the diaphragm and diaphragmatic microcirculation in the acute phase of pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome. In addition, the application of positive end-expiratory pressure decreases the force-generating capacity of the diaphragm in a dose-related way. These observations provide new insights into the mechanisms of critical illness–associated diaphragm weakness. Editor’s Perspective What We Already Know about This Topic What This Article Tells Us That Is New
Jeongryeo[정려(旌閭)] Propulsion and Interpretation of Death for Mrs.Kim whose Family Clan is Seoheung - Focusing on JongYong-rok -

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

본고에서는 『종용록』을 중심으로 20세기 초 서흥 김씨의 죽음이 당시 어떤 사건으로 자리매김 되는지 추이를 따라가면서 공적 포상을 받기 위한 전략과 도덕적 의미화의 방향성을 짚어나갔다,BR 『종용록』에 실린 글들은 당시 정려 제도의 폐단으로 인해 열행에 대한 의구심을 떨쳐내기 어려운 상황에서 김부인의 죽음을 진정한 열행으로 규정하고 믿기 어려운 일을 공식적이고 믿을 만하며 특별한 일로 만들어갔다. 이러한 증명과 해석 과정에서 김부인의 말과 행동, 몸의 증거를 낱낱이 묘사하여 사라져간다고 여겼던 열행이 여전히 실재한다는 것을 보여주고자 했다. 그리고 김부인은 현실적 위기에 맞설 도덕성의 우위를 드러내고 리에 기반한 질서와 위계를 발현하는 존재로 의미화되었다.BR 『종용록』에서는 김부인이 경전과 사서에 오를 만하다는 평가로 ‘보상’을 받았다고 했지만, 그 수혜는 포상과 찬술을 주도하고 참여한 외부의 몫이었다. 김부인의 삶에 대한 해부와 편집, 죽음에 대한 증명과 기림을 통해 믿기 어려운 일을 사실로, 불가능한 일을 현실로 만들고자 했다. 그러나 역설적으로 『종용록』에서 추구한 보수적 이념의 복원이 그만큼 기대하기 힘든 일이었다는 것을 보여주고 있다.
Purification of immunoglobulin G from human plasma by metal‐chelate affinity chromatography

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract A new group of specific‐affinity beads with metal chelates as ligands and synthetic polymer beads as support matrices was prepared and tested. This study focused on developing metal‐chelated poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) gel beads in a spherical form (100–150 μm in diameter) for the separation of immunoglobulin G (IgG) from human plasma. Crosslinked PHEMA gel beads were prepared by suspension polymerization. The metal‐complexing ligand L ‐histidine was then immobilized by covalent binding onto these gel beads. Different transition‐metal ions, including Zn(II), Ni(II), Co(II), and Cu(II), were chelated on these gel beads. An elemental analysis of immobilized L ‐histidine for nitrogen was estimated to be 401.9 μmol of L ‐histidine/g of PHEMA. The nonspecific IgG adsorption onto plain PHEMA gel beads was negligible (ca. 0.17 mg/g). Higher adsorption values (up to 3.5 mg/g) were obtained in which L ‐histidine‐immobilized PHEMA gel beads were used from aqueous solutions. A remarkable increase in the IgG adsorption capacities were achieved from human plasma with L ‐histidine‐immobilized gel beads (up to 44.8 mg/g). Further increases in the IgG adsorption capacities of the metal‐chelated gel beads were observed when human plasma was used (up to 79.6 mg/g). The metal‐chelate affinity gel beads allowed the one‐step separation of IgG from human plasma. The recognition range of metal ions for surface histidines from human plasma followed this order: Cu(II) > Ni(II) > Zn(II) > Co(II). IgG molecules could repeatedly be adsorbed and desorbed with these metal‐chelated PHEMA gel beads without a noticeable loss in their IgG adsorption capacity. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 89: 1567–1572, 2003
3-styrylcoumarin scaffold-based derivatives as a new approach for leishmaniasis intervention: biological and molecular modeling studies

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Seven 3-styrylcoumarins were tested for antileishmanial activity against Leishmania (Viannia) panamensis amastigotes. Cytotoxic activity was also evaluated against mammalian U-937 cells. The 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy coumarin derivative 6 was the most active with an IC 50 of 40.5 µM, and did not reveal any conspicuous toxicity toward mammalian U-937 cells. Therefore, it may have potential to be considered as candidate for antileishmanial drug development. Further, among several druggable Leishmania targets, molecular docking studies revealed that compound 6 had docking preference by the N -myristoyltransferase ( Lp -NMT) of Leishmania panamensis , showing a higher docking score of − 10.1 kcal mol −1 than positive controls and making this protein as a presumably druggable target for this compound. On the other hand, molecular dynamics simulations affirm the docking hypothesis, showing a conformational stability of the 6 / Lp -NMT complex throughout 100 ns simulation. Moreover, the molecular mechanics/Poisson–Boltzmann surface area method also support the docking findings, revealing a total free energy of binding of − 47.26 ± 0.08 kcal mol −1 , and identifying through energy decomposition analysis that those key aminoacids are contributing strongly to ligand binding. Finally, an optimal pharmacokinetic profile was also estimated for 6 . Altogether, coumarin 6 could be addressed as starting point for further pharmacological studies concerning the therapeutic leishmaniasis intervention. Graphical abstract
Contests, NGOs, and Decentralizing Aid

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Abstract International donors usually have particular goals they want to achieve with their foreign aid, e.g., poverty alleviation. In the international aid story lobbying by potential recipient groups attempting to capture the donor's support plays a potentially important role for non‐governmental organizations. We model this situation as a hierarchical contest and compare the implications of a centralized allocation process with a decentralized allocation process with non‐governmental organizations as intermediaries.
Self-triggered method for characterization of single-photon detectors

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Single-photon avalanche photodiodes (SPADs) are instruments capable of measuring light at the single-photon level. Some important features of these devices must be correctly characterized for reliable application. In this paper, I present a high-resolution self-triggered method for characterization of SPADs based on the analysis of the time intervals between consecutive detection events with the detector under continuous-wave illumination. The self-triggered method is employed for characterization of the detection dead time-a limiting feature for the maximum counting rate achievable under free-running or gated modes--and of the temporal gate width--an important parameter when the detector is operated under gated mode. The measurement results are presented and the method is experimentally validated.
Data from Safety, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Antitumor Activity of Dalantercept, an Activin Receptor–like Kinase-1 Ligand Trap, in Patients with Advanced Cancer

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

<div>Abstract<p><b>Purpose:</b> The angiogenesis inhibitor dalantercept (formerly ACE-041) is a soluble form of activin receptor–like kinase-1 (ALK1) that prevents activation of endogenous ALK1 by bone morphogenetic protein-9 (BMP9) and BMP10 and exhibits antitumor activity in preclinical models. This first-in-human study of dalantercept evaluated its safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and antitumor activity in adults with advanced solid tumors.</p><p><b>Experimental Design:</b> Patients in dose-escalating cohorts received dalantercept subcutaneously at one of seven dose levels (0.1–4.8 mg/kg) every 3 weeks until disease progression. Patients in an expansion cohort received dalantercept at 0.8 or 1.6 mg/kg every 3 weeks until disease progression.</p><p><b>Results:</b> In 37 patients receiving dalantercept, the most common treatment-related adverse events were peripheral edema, fatigue, and anemia. Edema and fluid retention were dose-limiting toxicities and responded to diuretic therapy. No clinically significant, treatment-related hypertension, proteinuria, gross hemorrhage, or gastrointestinal perforations were observed. One patient with refractory squamous cell cancer of the head and neck had a partial response, and 13 patients had stable disease according to RECISTv1.1, eight of whom had prolonged periods (≥12 weeks) of stable disease. Correlative pharmacodynamic markers included tumor metabolic activity and tumor blood flow, which decreased from baseline in 63% and 82% of evaluable patients, respectively, and telangiectasia in eight patients.</p><p><b>Conclusion:</b> Dalantercept was well-tolerated at doses up to 1.6 mg/kg, with a safety profile distinct from inhibitors of the VEGF pathway. Dalantercept displayed promising antitumor activity in patients with advanced refractory cancer, and multiple phase II studies are underway. <i>Clin Cancer Res; 20(2); 480–9. ©2013 AACR</i>.</p></div>
A guide to the solo songs of Johannes Brahms

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Preface Brahms as Song Composer Six Gesange for Tenor or Soprano Six Gesange for Soprano or Tenor Six Gesange Lieder and Romanzen Five Gedichte Lieder and Gesange to Texts by Platen and Daumer Romanzen from Tieck's aeMageloneAe Fopur Gesange Four Gesange Five Lieder Seven Lieder Five Lieder Lieder and Gesange to Texts by G. F. Daumer Eight Lieder and Gesange Eight Lieder and Gesange Nine Lieder and Gesange Nine Gesange Four Gesange Five Gesange Five Gesange Five Romanzen and Lieder for One or Two Voices Six Lieder Six Lieder for Low Voice Two Gesange for Alto Voice with Viola Five Lieder for Low Voice Seven Lieder Four Lieder Six Lieder Eight Zigeunerlieder for Solo Voice Five Lieder for Low Voice Five Lieder Five Lieder Four Ernste Gesange Mondnacht, Wo0 21 Regenlied, Wo0 posth. 23 Poets and Translators Settings of Folksong Texts Selected Bibliography Index of Titles and First Lines
Serum Copper is not Altered in Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Meta-analyses show copper dyshomeostasis in Alzheimer's disease. However, a study evaluating copper changes in other neurodegenerative forms of dementia has not yet been performed. In this study, we assessed copper, ceruloplasmin, copper not bound to ceruloplasmin, and copper to ceruloplasmin ratio in 85 patients affected by frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) and 55 healthy controls. Data were analyzed through multivariate ANOVA models taking into account age and sex as covariates and the stratification for FTLD variants, after calculating power analysis to ensure the reliability of the conclusions drawn. The study revealed no difference between the groups.
Using Multiple Measures for Accountability Purposes: One District's Experience.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper describes the approach to consolidating multiple measures of student achievement used by the Long Beach Unified School District (LBUSD) in the 1997-1998 reporting cycle. Beginning in 1996-1997, all California schools that served Title I students or were involved in the state's Coordinated Compliance Review process were required to submit a Student Achievement Report based on multiple measures of student achievement. The LBUSD was relatively well situated to deal with the challenges of this requirement because it had already implemented a district-wide testing program that used performance assessments at multiple grade levels. It was necessary to consider the challenges involved in using component weighting models for combining multiple measures. Problems in combining these measures lead the school district to implement a compensatory standards-based approach. Decision rules for this approach are described, and an example is provided of the decision matrix used to determine student proficiency. The final approach used by the LBUSD did not give the district any unfair advantage over other school districts, while at the same time the LBUSD was able to maintain an internal standard of performance that perhaps was higher than that set by the state. (SLD) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. Using Multiple Measures for Accountability Purposes: One District's Experience U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and Improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC). This document has been reproduced as received from the person or organization originating it. Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality. Points of view or opinions stated in this document do not necessarily represent official OERI position or policy. John R. Novak jnovak@math.usc.edu Lynn Winters Lwintersalbusd.k12.ca.us Eugene Flores Gflores@lbusd.k12.ca.us Research, Planning, and Evaluation Long Beach Unified School District 1515 Hughes Way Long Beach, CA 98010 April 27, 2000 PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY