jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Loss of the ability to generate large burst‐forming unit‐like megakaryocytic colonies from thawed cord blood in semisolid cultures after short term suspension culture

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background and Objectives Total colony‐forming cells from thawed cord blood units ( CBU s) include megakaryocytic colony‐forming units ( CFU ‐Mks), which survive the freezing process. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether different megakaryocytic progenitors from unseparated CBU s survive the freezing process and a short‐term liquid culture. Materials and Methods Thawed samples of CBU s were cultured in liquid medium. During the cultures, serial samples were drawn to assess the growth of different megakaryocytic progenitors in a semisolid collagen medium with identical cytokines as in the liquid medium. Megakaryocytic cells were detected using immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry. Results In suspension culture, the megakaryocytic progenitors almost completely lost the ability to generate large (burst‐forming unit‐like, BFU ‐like) megakaryocytic colonies in semisolid cultures (large colonies, median count per chamber d0: 7·25 vs. d7: 1·5; P < 0·0001), whereas the number of small colonies (median count per chamber d0: 7·25 vs. d7: 16·0; P = 0·0505) peaked at day seven. Further 7‐day culture in suspension resulted in the decline of small colonies as well (d7: 16·0 vs. d14: 5·75; P = 0·0088). Total CFU ‐Mk count declined from 23·3 (range 12·5–34·0) at d0 to 7·25 (range 1·0–13·5) at d14 ( P < 0·0001). Conclusion Immediately post‐thaw, CBU s possess an ability to generate large BFU ‐like megakaryocytic colonies, whereas the colonies were not detectable in most CBU s in semisolid culture after a short suspension culture. Small CFU ‐Mks were observed throughout the cultures. It may be that the BFU ‐Mk colonies matured and acquired CFU ‐Mk behaviour.
The Effects of Harvest Date on Thompson Seedless Grapes and Raisins. II. Relationships of Fruit Quality Factors

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The fresh fruit and raisin composition and quality factors measured during a three-year Thompson Seedless raisin harvest study were compared by regression analysis to determine their relationships and suitability as predictors of raisin quality. Raisin quality was measured with the airstream sorter as percent B and better (%B&B) and percent Substandard (%Sstnd) raisin grades. The relationship of fresh fruit soluble solids (SS) to the drying ratio of raisins was also analyzed. The main fruit measurements analyzed as a predictor of raisin quality were fresh fruit SS and titratable acidity (TA) and raisin reducing sugars (RS) and TA. Soluble solids and drying ratio showed a highly significant linear relationship, with a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.9445, but with a different calculated product of their values as compared to earlier reports. Fresh fruit SS and TA were curvilinear and linear, respectively, to %B&B raisin grade. The relationship of fresh fruit TA to %B&B raisin grade is explained by TA9s curvilinear relationship to SS rather than a direct effect of TA on raisin quality. The regression comparison of the RS and TA content of raisins showed a high coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.7474) and both showed a highly significant linear relationship to %B&B and %Sstnd raisin grades. Many of the parameters showed relationships similar to those found in earlier studies, including the fresh fruit SS and raisin TA correlation to raisin quality; some differences indicate need for further study under more current raisin grape growing conditions.
Labor Market Policies and Women’s Labor Market Activity in the United States and Germany

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

In terms of per capita Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and many other measures, the United States and Germany are both economic leaders in the global world. However, gender gaps persist in the labor markets of both countries. This paper examines these gender gaps and various labor market policies that are intended to reduce them. The policies examined include gender equality policies and family-oriented policies in the two countries. Over the last few decades, most of the OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) countries have experienced low and decreasing birth rates. In response, several countries have introduced parental leave regulations to make the combination of parenthood and a working career more appealing, especially to women. Germany implemented a new family leave policy called “Elterngeld” in 2007 and also passed a gender quota law for the private sector in 2014. In contrast, the United States has no national statutory maternity leave policy and relatively few policies. This paper elaborates on these labor and family policies and interprets the nations’\nlabor market data in their light. The paper analyzes a variety of data for women in the United States and Germany, including: unemployment rates, relative wage rates, labor force participation rates, occupational distribution, birth rates, and available childcare. Data from various sources, including the OECD, are also presented to give general background on both countries’ economic status, histories, and policies. This paper reviews the economics literature on the effects of family-oriented policies. This paper then concludes with a discussion of how if these countries choose to improve their policies to assist both women and families, it would aid the country and not significantly hinder it. Leave policies have not been shown to have a significant effect on firms and if less than one year, can improve job continuity for women.
Expert systems in materials science and engineering

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Since 1982 the US National Association of Corrosion Engineers (NACE) and the US National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) have collaborated under the NACE-NIST Corrosion Data Program to develop data resources of interest to the materials science and engineering communities. These resources have included expert systems, which have focused primarily on materials selection and usage applications in industry. A brief history of the program is presented, the expert systems developed therein are presented, and development methodologies are described. Particular emphasis is placed on the participation of the chemical process, oil and gas and electric power industries in the NACE-NIST Corrosion Data Program.< >
Echoes of Plato’s Apology of Socrates in Luke-Acts

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract As a literate and well-educated person, the author of the Gospel of Luke and the Acts of the Apostles (“Luke”) would have been familiar with Plato’s Apology of Socrates , one of the most widely-known ancient Greek texts in the Mediterranean world in the 1st century CE . Indeed, it appears that “Luke” may have used his, and his readers’, familiarity with stories about the life, trial, and death of Socrates, and with the account in Plato’s Apology of Socrates specifically, as an interpretive tool in three “trial” scenes narrated in Luke-Acts: those of Jesus, Peter, and, most obviously, Paul.
GENETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY OF TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR 7-LIKE 2 GENE VARIANT AND RISK OF TYPE 2 DIABETES IN ASIAN INDIANS

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Background: The variants of transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2) gene have been shown to be associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its related complications. Objectives: We aimed to explore the possible association of rs7903146 (C/T) variant in TCF7L2 with the risk of T2DM in the North Indian population. Methods: The present case–control study included a total of 638 human subjects (318 T2DM subjects and 320 healthy controls). Various anthropometric, biochemical, and genetic parameters were studies in all the subjects. Genotyping of TCF7L2 gene was carried out using allele-specific polymerase chain reaction method. Results: The results of this study indicate significantly higher values of body mass index, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, and body fat (%) in T2DM subjects than controls (p≤0.001). Dyslipidemia represented by higher levels of triglycerides and reduced values of high-density lipoprotein was more predominant in diabetic subjects compared to healthy subjects. The frequency of risk genotype (TT) frequency was significantly higher in T2DM subjects (16.4%) compared to controls (11.6%). The “T” allele was more dominant in diabetic subjects than controls. Logistic regression analysis of the data revealed a significant association of TT genotype with 2-fold (odds ratio with 95% of confidence interval; 2.09 [1.29–3.42] p=0.003) and CT genotype with 1.7-fold (1.73 [1.23–2.44] p=0.002) increased risk of developing T2DM. Conclusions: The present study demonstrated a significant association of rs7903146 (C/T) variant in TCF7L2 with the augmented risk of T2DM in North Indian population.
A HEDONIC PRICE FUNCTION FOR AUSTRALIAN PREMIUM TABLE WINE*

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

A hedonic price function, relating the price of Australian wine to its attributes, is estimated. Six attribute groups are found to be statistically important in explaining deviations from average wine prices, i.e., quality, cellaring potential, grape variety/style, grape region, grape vintage and producer size. Various interaction terms between these variables and the impact of the year of marketing are also modelled. The consequent marketing implications for producers and consumers are discussed.
Front Cover: One‐pot synthesis of high‐capacity silicon anodes via on‐copper growth of a semiconducting, porous polymer

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Energy coverage In cover article ntls.20210105, Michael Bojdys et al. introduce a semi-conducting porous organic polymer network, replacing all conventional additives in Si-Li anodes and enabling the one-pot production of moreperformant, flexible and thermally stable electrodes.
Associations between network-level acculturation, individual-level acculturation, and substance use among Hispanic adolescents

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Acculturation is associated with substance use behaviors in Hispanic adolescents. However, there is limited research determining whether the individual's friends' acculturation patterns also influence substance use. Tenth-grade students (N = 970) participated in Project RED, a study of substance use and social networks among Hispanic youth in Southern California. Acculturation and substance use data from both the respondent and their nominated friends were regressed on lifetime cigarette use, marijuana use, and alcohol use controlling for sibling substance use, sex, depressive symptoms, and network measures. Respondent's Hispanic orientation was significantly associated with lower odds of both cigarette and marijuana use, whereas respondent's friends' US orientation was associated with higher odds of cigarette use. When controlling for network-level acculturation, individual-level U.S. orientation was not associated with substance use. Participants who nominated more friends had lower odds of cigarette use. Among this sample of Hispanic adolescents, affiliating with U.S.-oriented friends was associated with a higher risk for smoking. Substance use prevention efforts should consider encouraging Hispanic youth to maintain their cultural heritage and foster friendship groups that support abstinence and promote Hispanic and bicultural identity.
Functional Studies, Anion-Binding and Effects of Bezafibrate on Three High Affinity Hemoglobin Variants: Hb Olynpia, Hb Great Lakes and Hb North Chicago

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

(1986). Functional Studies, Anion-Binding and Effects of Bezafibrate on Three High Affinity Hemoglobin Variants: Hb Olynpia, Hb Great Lakes and Hb North Chicago. Hemoglobin: Vol. 10, No. 6, pp. 643-649.
Burn injury and self-silencing: a study of women's narratives

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Due to medical advances in burn care, the survival rate of individuals with serious burns has significantly increased. This has lead to a great need to focus on psychological aspects of burn injury recovery, particularly how people adapt to their changed bodies. The literature indicates that burn size and severity is not directly associated with the degree of distress and that for women, dissatisfaction with their bodies increases in the year after injury. In this study, women’s experiences of their bodies were investigated by asking them about pain, social relationships, mental health, and appearance. In-depth interviews were conducted with female burn survivors in the first year after injury and the transcripts were analyzed using a narrative-discursive analytic methodology. On the surface, the women told narratives which emphasized how well they were doing, however, further analysis revealed subordinate narratives which indicated body dissatisfaction and difficulties with adjustment. In order to suppress narratives of distress, the women engaged in “self-silencing,” of which three forms are outlined. The self-silencing functioned to help the women resist the cultural devaluing associated with “disfigurement” and more personally, to maintain close relationships. As self-silencing has been linked to depression and anxiety, encouraging women to discuss their difficulties may prove to be pertinent in psychological adjustment following burn injury.
Incorporating the pricing decisions into the dynamic fleet management problem

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract This paper presents a model to coordinate the pricing and fleet management decisions of a freight carrier. We consider a setting where the loads faced by the carrier over a certain time horizon are deterministic functions of the prices. We want to find what prices the carrier should charge so that its pricing and fleet management decisions jointly maximize the profits. Our solution approach is an iterative one. At each iteration, we solve the fleet management problem with fixed prices, and then, adjust these prices by using the primal-dual solution to the fleet management problem so as to obtain ‘better’ prices. Computational experiments show that our approach yields high-quality solutions and can efficiently be applied on large problems.
Improving productive performance of crossbred cattle in cold arid conditions of Kargil through UMMB supplementation

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The study was carried-out to assess the response of urea molasses mineral block (UMMB) supplementation on milk yield and cost effectiveness with lactating crossbred cows, maintained under smallholder mixed farming system at cold arid conditions, Kargil. Crossbred cows (20) in early to mid lactation were selected; 10 cows were given free access to UMMB in addition to normal ration and the other 10 cows served as control. Supplementation of UMMB licks significantly increased feed intake, milk yield and maintained live weight and body condition score of the cows. UMMB improved general health of the animals with enhanced cash benefit of over ` 41.1/cow/day. The UMMB supplementation technology was found a cost-effective approach to maximize the utilization of locally available feed resources which are scarce in the region as it remains covered with snow and cutoff from rest of world for 6 months.
Role of Long Non-coding Ribonucleic Acid in Gastrointestinal Cancer

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

With the improvement of high-throughput genomic technology such as microarray and next-generation sequencing over the last ten to twenty year, we have come to know that the portion of the genome responsible for protein coding constitutes just approximately 1.5%. The remaining 98.5% of the genome not responsible for protein coding have been regarded as 'junk DNA'. More recently, however, 'Encyclopedia of DNA elements project' revealed that most of the junk DNA were transcribed to RNA regardless of being translated into proteins. In addition, many reports support that a lot of these non-coding RNAs play a role in gene regulation. In fact, there are various functioning short non-coding RNAs including rRNA, tRNA, small interfering RNA, and micro RNA. Mechanisms of these RNAs are relatively well-known. Until recently, however, little is known about long non-coding RNAs which consist of 200 nucleotides or more. In this article, we will review the representative long non-coding RNAs which have been reported to be related to gastrointestinal cancers and to play a certain role in its pathogenesis.
Standarized input for Hanford environmental impact statements. Part II: site description

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Information is presented under the following section headings: summary description; location and physiography; geology; seismology; hydrology; meteorology; ecology; demography and land use; and radiological condition. Five appendixes are included on the 100N, 200 east, 200 west, 300, and 400 areas. This report is intended to provide a description of the Hanford Site against which the environmental impacts of new projects at Hanford can be assessed. It is expected that the summary description amplified with material from the appropriate appendix, will serve as the basic site description section of environmental impact statements prepared to address the requirements of the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA).
Comparative Genomics Reveals Chd1 as a Determinant of Nucleosome Spacing in Vivo

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Packaging of genomic DNA into nucleosomes is nearly universally conserved in eukaryotes, and many features of the nucleosome landscape are quite conserved. Nonetheless, quantitative aspects of nucleosome packaging differ between species because, for example, the average length of linker DNA between nucleosomes can differ significantly even between closely related species. We recently showed that the difference in nucleosome spacing between two Hemiascomycete species—Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Kluyveromyces lactis—is established by trans-acting factors rather than being encoded in cis in the DNA sequence. Here, we generated several S. cerevisiae strains in which endogenous copies of candidate nucleosome spacing factors are deleted and replaced with the orthologous factors from K. lactis. We find no change in nucleosome spacing in such strains in which H1 or Isw1 complexes are swapped. In contrast, the K. lactis gene encoding the ATP-dependent remodeler Chd1 was found to direct longer internucleosomal spacing in S. cerevisiae, establishing that this remodeler is partially responsible for the relatively long internucleosomal spacing observed in K. lactis. By analyzing several chimeric proteins, we find that sequence differences that contribute to the spacing activity of this remodeler are dispersed throughout the coding sequence, but that the strongest spacing effect is linked to the understudied N-terminal end of Chd1. Taken together, our data find a role for sequence evolution of a chromatin remodeler in establishing quantitative aspects of the chromatin landscape in a species-specific manner.
JULIA CRICK (ed.), Charters of St Albans (Anglo-Saxon Charters XII). * S. E. KELLY (ed.), Charters of Peterborough Abbey (Anglo-Saxon Charters XIV).

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

THE comprehensive edition of Anglo-Saxon charters currently being prepared under the joint aegis of the British Academy and Royal Historical Society comprises a series of volumes, each treating of all of the charters within the archive of a particular religious house. Each volume is prefaced by an extensive introduction which, allowing for any peculiarities of the respective houses, conforms to a discernible pattern, discussing such subjects as the history, manuscript tradition, and landed endowment of the house. The text of each charter is accompanied by a detailed commentary which focuses, in particular, upon the authenticity of the document. Two slight changes to the format of the volumes might improve the lot of the reader. Studies of Anglo-Saxon diplomatic habitually denote charters by the numbers assigned to them in the Sawyer catalogue. The new editions have re-numbered the charters of their respective archives and have employed the new numbers in the introduction and commentaries to the text. The reader is, therefore, compelled continually to consult the table of concordance provided. Universal application of Sawyer numbers would be preferable, the editors giving the re-assigned number in parenthesis after the Sawyer number. Secondly, the provision of a list of all of the charters cited in the volume would be as useful to the reader as it would be irksome to the editor.
An Investigation of End-to-End Models for Robust Speech Recognition

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

End-to-end models for robust automatic speech recognition (ASR) have not been sufficiently well-explored in prior work. With end-to-end models, one could choose to preprocess the input speech using speech enhancement techniques and train the model using enhanced speech. Another alternative is to pass the noisy speech as input and modify the model architecture to adapt to noisy speech. A systematic comparison of these two approaches for end-to-end robust ASR has not been attempted before. We address this gap and present a detailed comparison of speech enhancement-based techniques and three different model-based adaptation techniques covering data augmentation, multi-task learning, and adversarial learning for robust ASR. While adversarial learning is the best-performing technique on certain noise types, it comes at the cost of degrading clean speech WER. On other relatively stationary noise types, a new speech enhancement technique outperformed all the model-based adaptation techniques. This suggests that knowledge of the underlying noise type can meaningfully inform the choice of adaptation technique.
Optimal Uniformity of Gravitational Flexible Hose Micro-irrigation in the Solar Greenhouse Tomato

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Under the condition of gravitational flexible hose micro-irrigation,greenhouse tomato regulated deficit irrigation(RDI) experiment was carried out.Results showed that under the condition of deficit irrigation,the light water deficit treatment 1(soil moisture maintained at 60%~70% of field capacity) and treatment 3(soil moisture maintained at 60%~70% of field capacity) were the best designs.Compensate effect appeared after deficit irrigation,the dry matter formed in former stage will partly transfer to fruit and distribution to promot tomato growth.