jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Differentially Private Low-Rank Adaptation of Large Language Model Using Federated Learning

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The surge in interest and application of large language models (LLMs) has sparked a drive to fine-tune these models to suit specific applications, such as finance and medical science. However, concerns regarding data privacy have emerged, especially when multiple stakeholders aim to collaboratively enhance LLMs using sensitive data. In this scenario, federated learning becomes a natural choice, allowing decentralized fine-tuning without exposing raw data to central servers. Motivated by this, we investigate how data privacy can be ensured in LLM fine-tuning through practical federated learning approaches, enabling secure contributions from multiple parties to enhance LLMs. Yet, challenges arise: (1) despite avoiding raw data exposure, there is a risk of inferring sensitive information from model outputs, and (2) federated learning for LLMs incurs notable communication overhead. To address these challenges, this article introduces DP-LoRA, a novel federated learning algorithm tailored for LLMs. DP-LoRA preserves data privacy by employing a Gaussian mechanism that adds noise in weight updates, maintaining individual data privacy while facilitating collaborative model training. Moreover, DP-LoRA optimizes communication efficiency via low-rank adaptation, minimizing the transmission of updated weights during distributed training. The experimental results across medical, financial, and general datasets using various LLMs demonstrate that DP-LoRA effectively ensures strict privacy constraints while minimizing communication overhead.
Extreme Learning Machines as Encoders for Sparse Reconstruction

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Reconstruction of fine-scale information from sparse data is often needed in practical fluid dynamics where the sensors are typically sparse and yet, one may need to learn the underlying flow structures or inform predictions through assimilation into data-driven models. Given that sparse reconstruction is inherently an ill-posed problem, the most successful approaches encode the physics into an underlying sparse basis space that spans the manifold to generate well-posedness. To achieve this, one commonly uses generic orthogonal Fourier basis or data specific proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) basis to reconstruct from sparse sensor information at chosen locations. Such a reconstruction problem is well-posed as long as the sensor locations are incoherent and can sample the key physical mechanisms. The resulting inverse problem is easily solved using $l_2$ minimization or if necessary, sparsity promoting $l_1$ minimization. Given the proliferation of machine learning and the need for robust reconstruction frameworks in the face of dynamically evolving flows, we explore in this study the suitability of non-orthogonal basis obtained from Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) auto-encoders for sparse reconstruction. In particular, we assess the interplay between sensor quantity and sensor placement for a given system dimension for accurate reconstruction of canonical fluid flows in comparison to POD-based reconstruction.
Tyrosine kinase-dependent assembly of actin plaques linking Fc epsilon R1 cross-linking to increased cell substrate adhesion in RBL-2H3 tumor mast cells.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract RBL-2H3 rat tumor mast cells form monolayers on various surfaces without assembling specialized adhesion structures at the cell substrate interface. Incubation of RBL-2H3 cells with Ag that cross-link the high affinity IgE receptor, Fc epsilon R1, activates at least two receptor-associated protein tyrosine kinases, Syk and Lyn, and elicits secretion and F-actin assembly, membrane ruffling, and increased spreading and adhesion. Herein, we report that Fc epsilon R1 cross-linking also causes the assembly in cell monolayers of a network of F-actin-rich plaques that form footlike processes at contact sites between the plasma membrane and the underlying substratum. Sheets of F-actin-rich ventral plasma membrane-bearing actin plaques are left on the substrate when monolayers of activated cells are displaced by incubation with ZnCl2 followed by shearing in a stream of buffer; in contrast, most unstimulated cells are completely displaced or leave only fragile membrane fragments. These observations link actin plaque assembly to increased cell substrate adhesion. Actin plaques disassemble rapidly in the presence of monovalent hapten, indicating their dependence on continued Fc epsilon R1 cross-linking. They accumulate antibody to phosphotyrosine and disassemble rapidly in the presence of the protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor, piceatannol, indicating their additional dependence on tyrosine kinase activation. Structures resembling actin plaques form when RBL-2H3 cell monolayers are incubated with the protein tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor, vanadyl hydroperoxide, in the presence of PMA, which increases actin polymerization. It is likely that the tyrosine kinase-dependent assembly of actin plaques plays an important role in linking the activation of signaling receptors to adhesive responses in RBL-2H3 and other immune system cells.
INFLUENCE OF THE LUBRICANT’S TEMPERATURE AT DISPLACEMENT JOURNAL BEARINGS IN TRANSIENT RESPONSE OF ROTOR BEARING SYSTEMS

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this paper the influence of the lubricant’s temperature through viscosity coefficient µ at the displacement journal bearings in transient response of rotor bearing systems. The equations of rotor/bearing system are at a position where coordinates of the rotor and the disk during the motion are at the origin of static equilibrium The system rotor/bearing was analysed for rotor supported at hydrodynamic bearing with infinite short length for laminar flow of lubricant in bearing – without turbulence and without cavitations and as well as without error at mounting of the bearing Results are presented graphically through which the conclusions have been made. The Simulations has been performed in Mathcad software.
The Routledge Dictionary of Turkish Cinema

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The first critical and analytical dictionary of Turkish Cinema, this book provides a comprehensive overview of Turkish cinema from its beginnings to the present day. Addressing the lacuna in scholarly work on the topic, this dictionary provides immense detail on a wide range of aspects of Turkish cinema including; prominent filmmakers, films, actors, screenwriters, cinematographers, editors, producers, significant themes, genres, movements, theories, production modes, film journals, film schools and professional organizations. Extensively researched, elaborately detailed and written in a remarkably readable style, the Routledge Dictionary of Turkish Cinema will be invaluable for film scholars and researchers as a reference book and as a guide to the dynamics of the cinema of Turkey.
A discontinuous Galerkin pressure correction scheme for the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations: stability and convergence

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

A discontinuous Galerkin pressure correction numerical method for solving the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations is formulated and analyzed. We prove unconditional stability of the propose scheme. Convergence of the discrete velocity is established by deriving a priori error estimates. Numerical results verify the convergence rates.
Envisioning Oneself as a Leader: Comparisons of Women and Men in Spain and the United States

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

In an examination of aspirations for leadership in the United States and Spain, male and female students envisioned themselves as a chief executive officer, vice president, or mid-level manager in an industry with a feminine image (clothing manufacturing) or a masculine image (auto manufacturing). Although men and women perceived these roles as equally positive, women perceived them as less possible and less facilitative of close relationships and gender relationships. Other gender effects included more positive perceptions of the roles by women in the feminine industry and by men in the masculine industry. Cross-nationally men perceived the roles as more positive than women did only in Spain, and U.S. students perceived the roles as more possible than Spanish students did.
Understanding and managing the risk of garden escapes to Australia’s native flora: which future weed candidates are already here?

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Escaped garden plants form 66% of Australia’s weed flora. They also comprise approximately 66% of the weeds posing a threat to biodiversity within NSW. This problem is perpetuated by the availability for sale of many of these weed species. Also many others are present in gardens either acting as foci for new invasions or awaiting an opportunity to escape. Whilst information on which weeds are available for purchase and banning their sale is an important advancement, this will only address half the problem, as such actions do not account for those species presently growing in gardens. Therefore, those invasive plants currently grown in gardens will continue to pose a potential threat even if the species is banned from sale. Thus, future weed management initiatives need to focus on what’s grown in gardens. At present there is a lack of knowledge to enable weed managers to respond pro-actively to this risk, in terms of which known and future weed species are present in gardens. An urgent starting point is a pseudo-audit to establish what potentially invasive plants are most likely to be in gardens in addition to those that are available for sale. This can be achieved through assessments of nursery catalogues to find out how long candidate species have been available for sale and from how many major garden outlets. This can then be combined with their weediness attributes and their known weediness elsewhere in the world. From this process a robust priority alert list can be developed to focus early warning and surveillance programs and target high-risk invasive garden plants that the public should be encouraged to replace with low-risk species. This initiative would fill an important gap in the national response to weeds. At present we are: i) closing the front door on new introductions; ii) focusing efforts on new incursions; and iii) combating Weeds of National Significance. But we are not as yet looking at the large pool of several thousand invasive garden plants that are already here but yet to jump the garden fence.
The Interplay of the Charge and Vortex Subsystems in Anisotropic Electron-Doped Superconductor Nd2 – xCexCuO4

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents the results of studies of the temperature and field dependences of the resistivity tensor of the electron-doped superconductor Nd2 – xCexCuO4 (0.12 ≤ x ≤ 0.20) in the CuO2 conducting planes and in the direction perpendicular to the CuO2 planes. These results are successfully interpreted within the concept of quasi-two-dimensionality of the systems with high metallic conductivity in the CuO2 conducting planes (dρab/dT > 0) and nonmetallic temperature dependence of conductivity in the direction of the c‑axis (dρc/dT < 0) due to incoherent tunneling and thermal activation through barriers between the CuO2 conducting layers. The specificities of the behavior of the magnetoresistivity ρxx(B) and the Hall resistivity ρxy(B) in the mixed (resistive) state are associated with the dynamics of the transverse motion of Abrikosov and Josephson vortices in the flux flow regime in crossed electric and magnetic fields.
Place, identity and nationhood: The Northern Territory intervention as the final act of a dying nation

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The paper argues that the Australian government's intervention in the Northern pre-empts the end of Australia as a single nation state. Through a discussion of national identity, history and particular key (post 1965) policies/Acts and actions by the federal Government the paper considers the place of Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians in relation to the Australian nation-state and each other. The paper argues there has been a continued social and political marginalisation, displacement and exclusion of Indigenous Australians and continued construction of them asothers to Australianness. It argues that at so a pivotal point in the history of this country, in the Post Apology society, the Intervention is a watershed institutionalising racism towards indigenous Australians in the new millennium. It suggests place and identity within the Australian nation-state need to be re-framed for the possibility for Indigenous inclusion and/or provide for the sovereignty of the Indigenous nations. Without such action it suggests the Howard/Rudd choirs sing to the ghost of the nation-state as he walks by the billabongs the wells of racism to which non-Indigenous leaders have ever returned.
Optimal Sensor Placement for Monitoring of Spatial Networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The problem of optimal placement of sensors for monitoring a spatial network (e.g., a road network with moving ground targets or intruders) is considered in this paper. In particular, the optimization of locations of a set of sensors (that can each obtain measurements in a local region around the sensor location) is considered so as to maximize an overall sensor coverage metric defined over the spatial network. The sensor coverage optimality metric for spatial network coverage is based on a novel formulation of a sensor influence wave based on a spatiotemporal model of the measurement reach of a set of sensors given a spatial network topology, a probabilistic model of target movements on the network, and spatial weight maps that model the relative importance/utility of different locations in the spatial region. The sensor placement optimization is based on an iterative genetic algorithm for the optimization of a scalar metric computed from the spatial integration of the sensor influence wave. The efficacy of the proposed approach is demonstrated through simulation studies for several road network geometries. Note to Practitioners —This paper considers the problem of finding optimal locations for sensors for monitoring a spatial network for moving targets (e.g., a road network with moving ground targets or intruders). Sensor-based monitoring of a spatial region is relevant in a variety of applications (including, in general, such diverse application areas as traffic monitoring in transportation applications, intruder monitoring, surveillance, power systems monitoring, structural health monitoring, etc). This paper offers two primary novel aspects: an optimality metric formulation for target monitoring effectiveness on spatial networks and an iterative genetic algorithm-based method for optimization of the sensor placement configuration. The proposed approach enables addressing of multiple spatial criteria within a unified framework, including the probabilistic characterizations of spatial target movements over the network and the models of relative importance/utility of different locations/areas in the spatial region.
How to screen for diabetes mellitus

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT. In an attempt to compare and evaluate different screening methods for diabetes mellitus in primary health care, urine and blood samples from 1082 consequtive patients were collected without any relation to meal or time of day. Urine glucose was determined by strip tests and quantitatively by the hexokinase method. Venous blood glucose was analysed by the hexokinase method and semiquantitatively by Dextrostix-Eyetone reflectance meter. 89 patients fulfilling the criteria for a positive screen were subjected to further diagnostic examination. 38 patients were classified as diabetics and 13 as having impaired glucose tolerance. In a control group randomly selected from negatively screened patients, all 30 patients had a normal glucose tolerance. It was found that random blood glucose measurement using 7.0 mmol/l as screening level had significantly higher sensitivity than all other screening methods with comparable specificity. Key words: Screening, diabetes mellitus, primary health care, methods, validity.
Thermochromic Fenestration Elements Based on the Dispersion of Functionalized VO2 Nanocrystals within a Polyvinyl Butyral Laminate

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The energy required to heat, cool, and illuminate buildings continues to increase with growing urbanization, engendering a substantial global carbon footprint for the built environment. Passive modulation of the solar heat gain of buildings through the design of spectrally selective thermochromic fenestration elements holds promise for substantially alleviating energy consumed for climate control and lighting. The binary vanadium(IV) oxide VO2 manifests a robust metal-insulator transition that brings about a pronounced modulation of its near-infrared transmittance in response to thermal activation. As such, VO2 nanocrystals are potentially useful as the active elements of transparent thermochromic films and coatings. Practical applications in retrofitting existing buildings requires the design of workflows to embed thermochromic fillers within industrially viable resins. Here, we describe the dispersion of VO2 nanocrystals within a polyvinyl butyral laminate commonly used in the laminated glass industry as a result of its high optical clarity, toughness, ductility, and strong adhesion to glass. To form high-optical-clarity nanocomposite films, VO2 nanocrystals are encased in a silica shell and functionalized with 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, enabling excellent dispersion of the nanocrystals in PVB through the formation of siloxane linkages and miscibility of the methacrylate group with the random copolymer. Encapsulation, functionalization, and dispersion of the core-shell VO2@SiO2 nanocrystals mitigates both Mie scattering and light scattering from refractive index discontinuities. The nanocomposite laminates exhibit a 22.3% modulation of NIR transmittance with the functionalizing moiety engendering a 77% increase of visible light transmittance as compared to unfunctionalized core-shell particles. The functionalization scheme and workflow demonstrated, here, illustrates a viable approach for integrating thermochromic functionality within laminated glass used for retrofitting buildings.
Impact assessment of the incorporation of the rotavirus vaccine in the province of San Luis – Argentina

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Rotavirus (RV) is the main cause of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in young children. The San Luis province of Argentina introduced RV vaccination in May 2013. We estimate vaccine impact (RVI) using real-world data. Data on all-cause AGE cases and AGE-related hospitalisations for San Luis and the adjacent Mendoza province (control group) were obtained and analysed by interrupted time-series methods. Regardless of the model used for counterfactual predictions, we estimated a reduction in the number of all-cause AGE cases of 20-25% and a reduction in AGE-related hospitalisations of 55-60%. The vaccine impact was similar for each age group considered (<1 year, <2 years and <5 years). RV vaccination was estimated to have reduced direct medical costs in the province by about 4.5 million pesos from May 2013 to December 2014. Similar to previous studies, we found a higher impact of RV vaccination in preventing severe all-cause AGE cases requiring hospitalisation than in preventing all-cases AGE cases presenting for medical care. An assessment of the economic value of RV vaccination could take other benefits into account in addition to the avoided medical costs and the costs of vaccination.
Where shall John go? North-western Australia.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction

Achieving optimal placement of the left ventricular (LV) lead in cardiac resynchronisation therapy (CRT) is a prerequisite in order to achieve maximum clinical benefit, and is likely to help avoid non-response. Pacing outside scar tissue and targeting late activated segments may improve outcome. The present study will be the first randomised controlled trial to compare the efficacy of real-time image-guided LV lead delivery to conventional CRT implantation. In addition, to estimate the cost-effectiveness of targeted lead implantation, an early decision analytic model was developed, and described here.

Methods and analysis

A multicentre, interventional, randomised, controlled trial will be conducted in a total of 130 patients with a class I or IIa indication for CRT implantation. Patients will be stratified to ischaemic heart failure aetiology and 1:1 randomised to either empirical lead placement or live image-guided lead placement. Ultimate lead location and echocardiographic assessment will be performed by core laboratories, blinded to treatment allocation and patient information. Late gadolinium enhancement cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) and CINE-CMR with feature-tracking postprocessing software will be used to semi-automatically determine myocardial scar and late mechanical activation. The subsequent treatment file with optimal LV-lead positions will be fused with the fluoroscopy, resulting in live target-visualisation during the procedure. The primary endpoint is the difference in percentage of successfully targeted LV-lead location. Secondary endpoints are relative percentage reduction in indexed LV end-systolic volume, a hierarchical clinical endpoint, and quality of life. The early analytic model was developed using a Markov-model, consisting of seven mutually exclusive health states.

Ethics and dissemination

The protocol was approved by the Medical Research Ethics Committee Utrecht (NL73416.041.20). All participants are required to provide written informed consent. Results will be submitted to peer-reviewed journals.

Trial registration number

NCT05053568; Trial NL8666.
Study on Waterway Traffic Risk Assessment and Countermeasure of Guangxi Reservoir Area

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Through investigation of the reservoir area in Guangxi Province and the definition of key risk factors (such as human, ship, environment, and management), this paper evaluates the waterway traffic safety status by using the pressure - state - response (PSR) evaluation theory combined with the Analytic Hierarchy Process method and linear quadratic evaluation function. Finally, some long-term safety supervision mechanisms of waterway traffic have been proposed with respect to the characteristics of the reservoir and key risk sources.
Races of rust (Puccinia antirrhini) of Antirrhinum majus and the inheritance of host resistance

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Fifty‐five isolates of P. antirrhini urediospores were collected from around the world. These isolates were used to inoculate the leaves of 10 cultivars of Antirrhinum majus. Two races of P. antirrhini were identified (α and β). None of the cultivars challenged exhibited resistance to isolates of Race β. Some cultivars were resistant to Race a. Resistance was inherited in a manner consistent with the existence of a dominant, nuclear allele at a single locus.