jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Treatment outcome of rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis patients: a retrospective institutional study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction Rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis is an acute fungal infection characterized by fungal hyphal invasion of blood vessels resulting in thrombosis and infarction of the nasal, paranasal sinus, orbital, and cerebral tissues. Patients and methods This was a retrospective study conducted on 80 patients with biopsy-proven mucormycosis. The study was carried out in the Mucormycosis Ward of a Tertiary Care Medical College and Hospital during a period of 6 months from May 2021 to October 2021. Results Among 80 patients, 50 (62.5%) were males and 37 (37.5. %) were females. Of the patients, 53.75% were in the age group of 51–70 years. Primary clinical presentation was facial pain/swelling/paresthesia in 75 (93.75%) followed by nasal obstruction in 50 (62.5%) patients and orbital symptoms – pain/edema/blurring of vision in 46 (57.5%) patients. Forty-six patients were known cases of diabetes mellitus and 42 patients had a previous history of coronavirus disease 2019 infection-associated comorbidities. As per staging of the disease, 36 patients were of stage III (involvement of the orbit), 22 patients of stage-II (involvement of paranasal sinuses), 16 patients of stage IV (involvement of central nervous system), and six patients were in stage-I (involvement of nasal mucosa). Forty patients were treated by the modified Denker’s procedure, 30 patients by endoscopic debridement, eight patients by the modified Denker’s procedure with orbital exenteration, one patient by the modified Denker’s procedure with inferior maxillectomy, and one patient by total maxillectomy. All the patients were also given amphotericin injection. Out of 80 patients, 64 patients survived with sequelae, while 16 patients expired till date.
Modification of Urban Allometric Growth and Cobb-Douglas Function:——A Case of Dalian

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

With the speeding up of urbanization, more and more high buildings emerge, which makes the vertical spatial growth of city become the most obvious landscape in the past decades. The research on vertical growth becomes a necessity. But the previous researches have just considered the area extends while neglected the vertical spatial growth, so they can not explain the actual structure comprehensively.  This paper aims to analyze this variable and dynamic phenomenon during the process of urbanization by the application of modification to allometric growth model and C-D function, which is used widely in the research of geography. The method allmetric growth analysis can be further modified to ensure that they can explain the growth comprehensively both in horizontal and vertical dimension. In this paper, we introduce a new variable representing for vertical growth and take Dalian City as an empirical evidence implication. Set up the nonlinear allometric growth functions:A(t)=aP(t)~b ,H(t)=aP(t)~b, Y=P~αA~β h~γ,combine the area sprawling with vertical spatial growth together, analyzing the nonlinear allometric growth interactions among these spatial factors and population size. We think this work will contribute to understand the concept of fractal space and the structure of dynamic system more clearly. Taking Dalian city as a case study, we find some conclusions:(1)by the means of allometric growth analysis, the land-use of Dalian City witnesses the transformation from the pattern of urban area sprawling(1904-1985) to urban vertical spatial growth as well as the area sprawling(1985-1992) to urban vertical spatial growth (1992-2000) . (2) By the means of input-output structure analysis and the Cobb-Douglas function, we can see after 1992, the value of Y-P input-output coefficients ξ is on the decline, while the value of Y-A, Y-h input-output coefficients ξ both grow increasingly, this tendency reflects the overall growth of land-use including both horizontal and vertical spatial growth. (3)With regards to land-use, the pattern of optimizing irrational production, distribution structure and the environmental improvement would have much more input-output economic benefit than just extending the area. So in the process of urbanization, we should pay more attention to optimizing irrational land-use distribution and structure instead of enlarging area blindly.
Counter-Mapping Spatial Footprint and Economic Activity of the Logistics Complex in the Netherlands

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The growing footprint and the economic importance of the logistics complex has become an urgent planning topic on policy agendas in Europe, particularly in the Netherlands and its neighboring countries. The rise of the XXL warehouse is an important element in this discourse. The discourse typically features many different growth figures and maps on a highly aggregated level, whereas the source data are often not made available. Policymakers and researchers, however, need a more detailed comprehensive overview to make adequate decisions, analyze developments over time, and communicate with the broader public. This paper presents the counter-mapping process of compiling, validating, and sharing such a cartographic overview, including different types and size classes of distribution centers (DCs). It discusses several methodological and practical obstacles, as well as the use of an interactive map and a dashboard to inform a broader public, and the representation of the time dimension. Furthermore, it discusses insights of the open-access cartography of the logistics complex that challenge the common narratives outlined by the market and government, and it provides recommendations for the updating and improvement of the dataset and visualization.
The efficacy and costing of termite (Blattodea: Termitoidae) survey methods in Australian tropical savannas

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Termites are important ecosystem engineers in many ecosystems globally. Hence, surveys of termite species composition, abundance and activity can be important for understanding ecosystem function—especially in biomes where they tend to be abundant, such as tropical savannas. However, comprehensively surveying termites can be challenging due to their cryptic nature and varied feeding and nesting habits, which strongly influence the effectiveness of different survey methods. Baiting and active searches of reduced transects are two methods commonly used to sample termites, and while these methods have been evaluated in the savannas of South Africa, this has not occurred in the extensive tropical savannas of northern Australia. Thus, this study evaluated the effectiveness of baits and reduced transects to assess termite species richness and activity across 18 × 1 ha experimental plots in a tropical savanna near Darwin, Australia. Surveys in each plot consisted of two 60 × 2 m transects and a 9 × 3 baiting grid of alternating buried wood and paper baits and surface straw baits. Baits were checked three times: at 4‐, 7‐ and 10‐week intervals following placement. Upon survey completion, the sampling effort, efficacy and costs of each method were compared. Reduced transects detected all 32 species recorded in this study, representing four feeding groups (from undecayed wood to highly decayed organic material in the soil). Baiting detected 20 species, but failed to detect some of the species that fed on decayed materials. Paper baits, checked only twice (at 4 and 10 weeks following placement), were required to detect all species sampled at both wood and paper baits. Therefore, overall baiting costs could be reduced (without data loss) by using paper baits only and reducing the number of bait checks. Compared with baiting using all three bait types, reduced transects detected the most species and had the lowest per‐species cost. Consequently, reduced transect surveys are the most effective method in these northern Australian savannas when assessing species composition. However, if the abundance of species that feed on undecayed wood or levels of termite activity are being assessed, then reduced baiting is a more appropriate method.
Effect of Minor Fe, Si Contents on Microstructure and Property of 7085 Alloy during Fabrication Processes

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Fe and Si elements can form non-dissolvable phases in Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys and furtherly affect the property of finished products while the influence of minor contents lacks sufficient investigations. In present work, 7085 alloy with different Fe and Si contents (named by LFS alloy, MFS alloy and HFS alloy as Fe and Si contents progressively enhanced) was investigated and corresponding microstructure and property during the whole fabrication were analyzed via OM, SEM and DSC observation and tensile property, fracture toughness and salty-spray corrosion property. The results showed that Fe-containing phase existed in as-cast microstructure of three alloys while part of Fe-containing phases of HFS alloy has Si element. After homogenization treatment, coarse eutectic phases had dissolved into the matrix while Fe-containing phase remained in the alloys. Similarly, Si element existed in some Fe-containing phases of HFS alloy. The order of area fraction of remaining Fe-containing phases for the three alloys was LFS alloy<MFS alloy<HFS alloy. After extrusion, Mg(Zn,Cu,Al) 2 phase and Fe-containing phase possessed the majority, the former one was eliminated by solution treatment while the latter one had no obvious change. Under an unified aging treatment, the strength, elongation and fracture toughness were degraded with the increase of Fe and Si contents. Besides, the salt-spray corrosion property of HFS alloy was significantly inferior to LFS alloy and MFS alloy. This gave rise to a reference for controlling Fe and Si impurity of 7085 alloy for considering overall performance.
Universal first-passage statistics of aging processes

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Many out of equilibrium phenomena, such as diffusion-limited reactions or target search processes, are controlled by first-passage events. So far the general determination of the mean first-passage time (FPT) to a target in confinement has left aside aging processes, involved in contexts as varied as glassy dynamics, tracer diffusion in biological membranes or transport of cold atoms in optical lattices. Here we consider general non-Markovian scale-invariant processes in arbitrary dimension, displaying aging, and demonstrate that all the moments of the FPT obey universal scalings with the confining volume with non trivial exponents. Our analysis shows that a nonlinear scaling of the mean FPT with the volume is the hallmark of aging and provides a general tool to quantify its impact on first-passage kinetics in confinement.
Performance issues in integrated control and protection systems for substations

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The integration of control and protection functions into the same terminal devices has been a strong trend of evolution for substations. As a rule, a base platform supporting a large set of protection functions is also shared by a growing number of supervisory, data acquisition and control functions, so that the overall price of such a device becomes very competitive regarding the traditional standalone components. However, protection functions are very computer demanding if high speed and accuracy are desired for timing functions. Such accuracy is a base requirement to keep low the coordination time intervals (CTI) between protective relays in distribution systems, which in turn are detrimental for the time to clear faults close to the substations. On the other hand, control functions demanding a fast exchange of information between distributed relays and local control managers, require safe and still fast protocols. These protocols are also very computer demanding if communication speed is desired. In this paper, a set of performance requirements for both protection and automation are outlined. It is also shown that only a multiprocessor platform can fulfil those requirements for the time being.
Building a Pentesting Lab

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This chapter explains pentesting labs and how to build them in a lot more detail. Something to consider with complex labs is that the more complex the lab, the more electricity it will consume as well as the more heat it will output, which may also result in using more electricity in order to cool the area where the lab is located. The chapter describes Kali Linux, an operating system that was specifically designed for penetration testing. Some of the tools that are found in Kali Linux that are frequently used by pentesters include Nmap for exploring networks, Wireshark for looking at the data packets that are sent to and from computers through networks, and Metasploit as a network vulnerability scanning tool. The chapter presents a summary of some of the most common applications that pentesters use. The applications covered are PentestBox, VulnHub, and Offensive Security.
U.S. Immigrants in Dispersed and Traditional Settlements: National Origin Heterogeneity

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper uses confidential ACS data to compare the characteristics of immigrants from ten Asian and Latino origins and the total foreign born in traditional, emerging, and dispersed areas. The correlates of dispersed settlement were estimated for each group and the total foreign born using multinomial logistic regression. The findings show that the characteristics of immigrants in dispersed settlements differ both within and across national origin groups and also between national groups and the total foreign born. Several relationships, particularly those for education and occupation measures, differ significantly and call into question the homogeneity assumption commonly made by studies of the total foreign born or pan-ethnic groups.
Complacency, abortion politics obstacles to improved health of pregnant women and children.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Worldwide, the provision of family planning (FP) services is seen as essential for reducing incidence of maternal mortality and morbidity, which is especially high in developing countries. In the US, the maternal-child health advocacy community focuses almost exclusively on meeting the needs of children. During the past two decades, studies have revealed that nearly 600,000 women fall victim to maternal mortality each year, and 30 times that number experience debilitating morbidity. Thus, recent international conferences have promoted safe motherhood initiatives, including the provision of FP services. Despite the fact that the US has about 1000 maternal deaths each year and 800,000 cases of morbidity, with these adverse conditions more prevalent among Black than White women, the focus on children led Medicaid to expand its access to prenatal care to reduce infant mortality. Recently, states have sought permission to extend FP services to Medicaid recipients. This emphasis on the use of FP to time and space births in an optimal manner and, thus, reduce maternal mortality and morbidity in the US is welcome. However, when considered as a reproductive rights issue, FP is almost always regarded either as a service that increases abortion by promoting promiscuity or that reduces the need for abortion. To secure adequate levels of government financing, supporters of FP should promote all of its dimensions, rather than simply its impact on abortion.
A Survey of Behavioral Models for Social Robots

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The cooperation between humans and robots is becoming increasingly important in our society. Consequently, there is a growing interest in the development of models that can enhance and enrich the interaction between humans and robots. A key challenge in the Human-Robot Interaction (HRI) field is to provide robots with cognitive and affective capabilities, by developing architectures that let them establish empathetic relationships with users. Over the last several years, multiple models were proposed to face this open-challenge. This work provides a survey of the most relevant attempts/works. In details, it offers an overview of the architectures present in literature focusing on three specific aspects of HRI: the development of adaptive behavioral models, the design of cognitive architectures, and the ability to establish empathy with the user. The research was conducted within two databases: Scopus and Web of Science. Accurate exclusion criteria were applied to screen the 4916 articles found. At the end, 56 articles were selected. For each work, an evaluation of the model is made. Pros and cons of each work are detailed by analyzing the aspects that can be improved to establish an enjoyable interaction between robots and users.
Human Capital: Federal Workforce Challenges in the Twenty-first Century

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This chapter presents an overview of strategic human capital management (SHCM), especially in the federal government. It reviews some of the key theories and studies in the academic literature. It also discusses the development of SHCM in the federal government, including an overview of key concepts and models that emerges. The chapter discusses the implementation of SHCM at the national aeronautics and space administration (NASA), which is the first executive branch agency to receive a green rating from the office of management and budget (OMB) for meeting the standards of the president's management agenda (PMA). It discusses the implications of a strategic approach for HR professionals. Human resource management (HRM) practices in the federal government has undergone a revolution that began in the mid-1990s and continues today. Federal human resource (HR) officers are now called on to be strategic partners critical to accomplishing organizational objectives rather than administrative gatekeepers.
Susceptibility of urinary tract bacteria to antibiotics in Cape Coast, Ghana.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A total of 857 urine specimens were received at the Cape Coast Central Hospital between 1993 and 1995 for microscopy, culture and sensitivity. Of these, 225 (26.2%) yielded significant bacterial growth. Twelve organisms were isolated with Escherichia coli, coliforms and Klebsiella species accounting for about 79% of all bacterial isolates. Over 76% of isolates were resistant to cotrimoxazole, ampicillin and tetracycline. However, over 81% were sensitive to cefuroxime, gentamicin, nalidixic acid and nitrofurantoin. Except for cefuroxime, the sensitivity of isolates to all antibiotics tested were generally lower in 1995 than in 1993. A decreasing trend in the antibiotic sensitivity of E. coli over the three-year period was observed.
Implications of a holographic density of states on inflation

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract There is theoretical evidence that the number of degrees of freedom in quantum fields decreases as one studies them at extremely short distances. This emerges from the study of entropy of black holes, as well as from holographic theories in AdS geometries. Presumably a theory of quantum gravity will provide an explicit description of how the number of degrees of freedom thin out as one studies high energy scales. We do not have a comprehensive theory of how such a thinning of degrees of freedom would occur. It is likely that there might be residual (and measurable) effects at larger length scales, though this might be significant only near the Planck scale. There are very few instances in Nature where one might be able to see effects of this thinning. One promising venue is in the phenomenon of inflation, produced in the simplest models through a scalar inflaton field in a potential with a flat (“slow-roll”) part as well as a potential well. During inflation, fluctuations of small length scales are stretched to large scales and then exit the Hubble horizon. We compute the effect of such a thinning of degrees of freedom upon the running of the spectral index of quantum fluctuations of the inflaton and deduce that this will lead to a small positive power of wave vector (opposite to the usual , i.e. , negative power correction). Some comments are then made about the impact on observations (or non-observations) of such fluctuations ( Martin J. and Ringeval C. , Phys. Rev. D , 69 (2004) 083515).
Acceleration of Precipitation Formation in Peach Juice Induced by High-Pressure Carbon Dioxide

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Peach juice was treated by high-pressure carbon dioxide (HPCD). HPCD-induced acceleration of precipitation formation in peach juice was observed. Particle size distribution (PSD), pH, zeta-potential, protein and total phenols, pectin methylesterase (PME) activity, pectin and calcium, and viscosity in juice, contributing to the precipitation formation, were studied. HPCD resulted in a significant alteration of juice PSD pattern; the acceleration of the precipitation formation concurred with this alteration. A significant decrease of protein and a declining trend of total phenols were obtained, the contents of pectin and calcium were not changed, and the difference in PME activity in juice was not significant after HPCD. HPCD led to higher increase in juice viscosity, whereas pH and the absolute value of zeta-potential declined during HPCD. These results suggested that the pH and absolute value of zeta-potential declines induced the coagulation of protein and decrease of particle charge, responsible for the acceleration of the precipitation formation.
LSD1 and GCN5 inhibition facilitates Am80 (tamibarotene)-mediated differentiation therapy in RARA-high non-APL AML

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains a challenging disease with a poor prognosis, necessitating more personalized therapeutic strategies. Retinoic acid receptor (RAR) activation is crucial for myeloid differentiation, but non-APL AML cells resist differentiation induced by the pan-RAR agonist all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA). Am80, a specific RARA agonist, has been reported to partially overcome this resistance in AML with high RARA expression. However, its effects on myeloid differentiation, especially in comparison to ATRA, remain understudied. We compared the effects of Am80 and ATRA in non-APL AML samples, focusing on subsets with high RARA and/or RARG expression, using molecular and phenotypic differentiation assessments. Contrary to previous findings, high RARA levels alone did not foster myeloid differentiation upon Am80 treatment in primary AML. At cellular and molecular levels, Am80 and ATRA induced identical molecular and differentiation responses. Nevertheless, combined treatment of both retinoids with LSD1 and GCN5 inhibitors efficiently unlocked differentiation in various types of non-APL AML, particularly in those with higher RARA levels. Our findings highlight the potential of Am80 in the field of personalized AML treatment, particularly when utilized in conjunction with epigenetic modifiers in RARA-high AML, warranting further clinical investigation.