jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Union Aims and Methods

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Generalisations about the behaviour and activities of Australian unions can be a somewhat difficult and hazardous exercise in a country which boasts over 300 organisations representing more than 3 million members. Australian unions have a variety of objectives, interests and activities. They differ in size, structure, organisational strength and nature and coverage of membership. They often hold conflicting political ideologies, pursue varying industrial tactics and serve different interests and roles. To attribute a single set of goals and objectives to them is to assume a unity of purpose which is simply not present. This disparateness is to be expected. Not all employees occupy the same market position, nor do they encounter the same problems in their work places. There are wide differences between them in terms of income, job security and working conditions. It is difficult for example to compare the industrial milieu of textile workers and motor vehicle assemblers with that of airline pilots and engineers. A complexity of unions have been formed to service the particular needs of employees. They exist to promote the sectional interests of that part of the workforce they happen to organise and represent. This feature is not peculiar only to Australian unions. Robert Hoxie, an American, (see Taft 1974, pp. 264–5) described union programmes elsewhere as containing: … nothing less than all the various economic, political, ethical and social viewpoints and modes of action of a vast and heterogeneous complex of working class groups, moulded by diverse environments and actuated by diverse motives.
Review of China's Carbon Tax

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

With the introduction of carbon tax,there is more and more researches on China's carbon tax,including the theory of carbon tax,comparison of carbon tax and other policy tools,impact of carbon tax and so on. This paper will collect the related researches on carbon tax,and focuses on the analysis of these three aspects,and explore the direction for further research,which is of great significance to the establishment of China's carbon tax.
Thermal Properties of High-Performance Concrete Containing Fine-Ground Ceramics as a Partial Cement Replacement

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Some types of industrial waste can be used in concrete as a partial replacement of a cement binder. One such material is fine-ground ceramics, which is a waste produced during brick cutting. The ground ceramic can be used as a pozzolana active material which can improve final properties of concrete. This fine powder was used in this study as a partial replacement of the cement binder up to 60 mass% and its thermal and mechanical properties were studied using the differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetry, and thermodilatometry. It was shown that the differential scanning calorimetry is a suitable method for observing thermal changes in concrete samples containing such additives at the microstructural level. In particular, it allows one to investigate the hydration and pozzolanic reaction in the studied concrete. The investigation was performed in the temperature range from 25 °C to 1000 °C. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ms.21.3.7160
Hepatitis B Virus-Encoded X Protein Downregulates EGFR Expression via Inducing MicroRNA-7 in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection accounts for over a half of cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most frequent malignant tumor of the liver. HBV-encoded X (HBx) plays critical roles in HBV-associated hepatocarcinogenesis. However, it is unclear whether and how HBx regulates the expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), an important gene for cell growth. Therefore, the study aimed to investigate the association between HBx and EGFR expression. In this study, we found that HBx upregulates miR-7 expression to target 3′UTR of EGFR mRNA, which in turn results in the reduction of EGFR protein expression in HCC cells. HBx-mediated EGFR suppression renders HCC cells a slow-growth behavior. Deprivation of HBx or miR-7 expression or restoration of EGFR expression can increase the growth rate of HCC cells. Our data showed the miR-7-dependent EGFR suppression by HBx, supporting an inhibitory role of HBx in the cell growth of HCC. These findings not only identify miR-7 as a novel regulatory target of HBx, but also suggest HBx-miR-7-EGFR as a critical signaling in controlling the growth rate of HCC cells.
Abstract 3236: Molecular characterization of lung tumors based on metabolomic profiling.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in US. For the majority of patients (70%), the extent of the disease precludes complete surgical resection and treatment relies solely on radiation, chemotherapy or a combination of both. Unfortunately, these treatments improve survival only minimally and are accompanied by considerable adverse side effects. Despite immense research efforts over the last 20 years, the mean survival of lung cancer patients has only increased by 13 days. This relatively poor mean survival is attributed to inadequate therapy selection. Current therapy selection is mainly based on the histopathologic examination of needle biopsies obtained during bronchoscopy. There is growing concern that these classifications and stratification are insufficient to predict treatment response of individual tumors. To complement current histopathological-based tumor classification, we investigated the suitability of metabolomics to improve tumor classification. Therefore, metabolomic profiles were obtained from various lung cancer cell-lines. Data were analyzed for molecular features characteristic for cell-lines derived from adenocarcinoma (AdenoCa) or squamous cell carcinoma (SqCCa). Data analyses revealed 78 features that are capable of clearly separating AdenoCa, SqCCa, and lung fibroblasts from each other. Subsequently, the studies were extended to specimen from 30 lung cancer patients. Similar to the cell-line experiments, metabolomic profiles were obtained and analyzed for characteristic features of patients with AdenoCa, SqCCa, or non-malignant specimen. The analysis of the human specimen revealed 21 unique features that are potentially suitable biomarkers for tumor classification. Our data suggest that metabolomic profiling is a promising approach to classify and distinguish between individual tumor cell-lines and to distinguish patients with AdenoCa from patients with SqCCa. Citation Format: Daniel R. Sappington, Scott Helms, Ishwori B. Dhakal, Eric R. Siegel, Thaddeus Bartter, Gunnar Boysen. Molecular characterization of lung tumors based on metabolomic profiling. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3236. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-3236
Pathogenesis of ischemia reperfusion injury of the kidney after transient renal arterial clamping in rats.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Renal function can be severely impaired through injuries sustained after both short and prolonged periods of complete ischemia. The magnitude of renal dysfunction resulting from these conditions and their reversibility depend on the duration of anoxia. In this study, we used a Sprague-Dawley rat model (5 to 7 rats in each group) to study the pathogenesis of short-term ischemia (30, 60, and 120 min)/reperfusion (2, 4, 24 h, 1 wk, and 3 wk) injury of the kidney under warm (room temperature) or cold (4 degrees C) conditions. Ischemia was induced by clamping the renal artery. Changes in kidney weight, histopathology, concentrations of serum thromboxane and leukotriene, and tissue malonyldialdehyde (MDA) concentration, numbers of apoptotic bodies, and p53 expression in the kidney were compared with those of sham-operated rats. The results showed that the immediate increase in kidney weight due to inflammatory swelling was associated with simultaneous elevation of serum thromboxane and leukotriene levels. The changes in mediator levels were closely related to the duration of ischemia and temperature. Histologic structures were preserved better when renal artery clamping was done at 4 degrees C. MDA peroxidation products from the ischemic tissue prominently increased 1 week following ischemia; this paralleled a secondary increase in leukotriene levels. Flow cytometric detection of p53 oncoprotein showed a marked increase at 1 week following ischemia, which was accompanied by the development of apoptotic bodies in ischemic tissues. These changes were also closely related to the ischemic time and temperature during ischemia. This animal model may be useful for future studies of the prevention of ischemia/reperfusion injury of the kidney and for selection of effective antioxidants.
Status of the European Corn Borer in 19371

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Journal Article Status of the European Corn Borer in 1937 Get access W. A. Baker, W. A. Baker U. S. Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar A. M. Vance A. M. Vance U. S. Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Economic Entomology, Volume 31, Issue 3, 1 June 1938, Pages 348–353, https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/31.3.348 Published: 01 June 1938
Wear Observation of Shoe Surfaces: Application for Slip and Fall Safety Assessments

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Shoe surfaces are continuously changed during pedestrian ambulation. Such changes include significant damage mechanism of shoe soles/heels, but their importance, fundamental perception, and effects on slip-resistance properties have hardly been discussed in the literature. This study aimed to understand wear development on shoe surfaces and identify its impact on pedestrian walkway slip-resistance performance. A wear concept and theory model were suggested to explore the underlying tribological characteristics of the shoe surfaces. Dynamic friction tests were conducted between two double-density polyurethane shoes and ceramic tiles. Wear formation and development on the shoe surfaces were quantitatively and qualitatively examined by surface roughness parameters and microscopic observations before and after the tests. Overall results clearly showed that the topographic structures of the shoe surfaces were largely changed by a series of wear mechanisms such as abrasion, ploughing, adhesion, and fatigue. This study suggests that future research on slip and fall incidents should pay close attention to the issue of the wear behaviors of shoe surfaces and their impact on slip-resistance performance. Findings from this study may have potential implications to improve design concepts for shoe soles/heels in order to reduce slip and fall hazards.
Scattering induced spin orientation and spin currents in gyrotropic structures

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

It is shown that additional contributions both to current-induced spin orientation and to the spin Hall effect arise in quantum wells due to the gyrotropy of the structures. Microscopically, they are related to the basic properties of gyrotropic systems, namely, to linearity in the wave vector terms in the matrix element of electron scattering and in the energy spectrum. Calculation shows that, in high-mobility structures, the contribution to the spin Hall current considered here can exceed the term originating from the Mott skew scattering.
The Accuracy of Risk Stratification System for Classifying Thyroid Nodules in FEU‐NRMF, Medical Center

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background Thyroid Image Reporting and Data System (TIRADS) is a risk stratification system, recently recognized in an American College of Radiology (ACR) white paper. However, there is paucity of data been reported regarding the use of TIRADS in our local setting. Although foreign studies have been done regarding TIRADS, it is important to validate it against local data to determine its applicability and usability in our local institution so as to avoid unnecessary biopsy. The aim of this study is to determine the accuracy of thyroid imaging reporting and data system in detecting thyroid malignancy in comparison to Fine needle aspiration biopsy report and also to determine the sensitivity and specificity of the ultrasound features in the prediction of malignant nodule. Methods This prospective cross‐section study involved 193 patients that underwent thyroid ultrasound and fine needle aspiration biopsy study in FEU‐NRMF medical center radiology department. The thyroid lesions were divided into 5 categories; TIRADS 1, 2, 3, 4a, 4b, 4c and 5 based on the ultrasound features. TIRADS 1, normal thyroid gland; TIRADS 2, benign in; TIRADS 3, probably benign; TIRADS 4A, low suspicious for malignancy; TIRADS 4B, intermediate suspicious for malignancy and TIRADS 5, high suspicious suspicious for malignancy. All thyroid nodules were characterized according to composition, echogenicity, margins, calcification and shape. Subsequently, the FNAB reports were obtained from the pathology department. Data were processed and encoded using Microsoft excel statistical analysis using SPSS. Determination of sensitivity and specificity was done using percentages of proportion. 95% confidence interval was calculated. Result This study revealed the presence of hypoechogenicity as the most sensitive but the least specific feature in a malignant thyroid nodule while taller than wide shape is the least sensitive but the most specific and its presence offers the highest likelihood of a nodule to be malignant. Higher TIRADS classification is found to be associated with higher risk of thyroid malignancy with a sensitivity of 97% in TIRADS 4a to 5. The risk of malignancy is in TIRADS 5 is put at 81%, therefore, TIRADS is a sensitive classification in recognizing patients with thyroid cancer and can be used as a guide in deciding the need for fine needle aspiration biopsy. Support or Funding Information No funding source This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal .
Elevated serum CYFRA 21‐1 level as a diagnostic marker for thymic carcinoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background No useful tumor markers have been identified for the diagnosis of thymic carcinomas. Serum cytokeratin 19 fragment, measured using the CYFRA 21‐1 immunoassay, is used as a tumor marker for squamous cell carcinomas in various malignant tumors. Here, we evaluated the value of CYFRA 21‐1 in diagnosing thymic carcinoma. Methods We retrospectively reviewed 94 patients with pathological diagnoses of thymic carcinoma or thymoma (32 and 62 patients, respectively) who were referred to our departments between January 2000 and March 2019. Primary outcomes included tumor marker levels and their diagnostic accuracy. Results Patients with thymic carcinoma were significantly more likely to be male (thymic carcinoma, 68.8%; thymoma, 40.3%; p = 0.02), have an advanced TNM stage ( p < 0.01), and a significantly higher CYFRA 21‐1 level than those with thymoma (thymic carcinoma: median = 4.2 ng/ml; interquartile range [IQR] = 2.1–6.1 ng/ml vs. thymoma: median = 1.2 ng/ml; IQR = 0.9–1.7 ng/ml; p < 0.01). Receiver operating characteristic curves demonstrated that the area under the curve for CYFRA 21‐1 to distinguish thymic carcinoma from thymoma was 0.86 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.74–0.93; cutoff = 2.7 ng/ml; sensitivity = 68.8%; specificity = 95.2%). Multivariable analysis demonstrated that CYFRA 21‐1 (odds ratio = 25.6; 95% CI: 4.6–141.6; p < 0.01) was an independent predictor for thymic carcinoma after adjusting for TNM stage. Conclusions Serum CYFRA 21‐1 level may help in diagnosing thymic carcinoma.
Addressing Goal Conflicts: New Policy Mixes for Commercial Land Use Management

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Commercial land use management that focuses on a future-oriented urban and regional development must address multiple goals. Effective policy mixes need to simultaneously (1) improve city-regional and inter-municipal cooperation, (2) reduce land take, and (3) assure the long-term economic development of a region. Using the Northern Black Forest in Germany as a case study, we brought together planning and land use research with public policy analysis. We applied cross-impact balances (CIB) to build and analyze a participatory policy-interaction model. Together with a group of 12 experts, we selected effective individual measures to reach each of the three goals and analyzed their interactions. We then assessed the current policy mix and designed alternative policy mixes. The results demonstrate that current approaches to commercial land use management present internal contradictions and generate only little synergies. Implementing innovative measures on a stand-alone basis runs the risk of not being sufficiently effective. In particular, the current practice of competing for municipal marketing and planning of commercial sites has inhibiting effects. We identified alternative policy mixes that achieve all three goals, avoid trade-offs, and generate significant synergy effects. Our results point towards a more coherent and sustainable city-regional (commercial) land-use governance.
Child restraint - availability and use in the Brisbane area: survey conducted November, 1979 and June, 1980

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

On December 1st, 1979, the Queensland government introduced regulations compelling the use of restraints by children under the age of eight years, when such restraints are available, in the hope that this would have an effect on the undiminishing casualty rate of children in this age group who were previously exempted from the seat belt legislation. To assess the immediate impact of the new regulations on the availability and usage of child restraints in the community, the Queensland road safety council undertook to do a survey consisting of a pre legislation and a post legislation phase. The survey was designed to provide information on restraint usage by children in the community under eight years of age, and to show what effect the introduction of the new legislation had on the wearing behaviour of restraints by children. The survey sample comprised over 1,000 children in each of the phases of the survey. All data was collected by observation of children in cars at three locations, namely; shopping centres, schools, and kindergartens. Overall, the results have shown an increase in both availability and usage of child restraints since December, 1979. Availability has increased from 88 per cent to 93 per cent, and usage has risen from 30 per cent to 45 per cent. This means that despite the new legislation one out of every two children rides unrestrained in both the front and rear compartments of a vehicle. There has been no evidence of relocation of children from front to rear seating positions. The legislation can be seen to have had some positive effects but there is still a lot of room for improvement (a).
Centralidade e emprego no Estado de Minas Gerais no período 1995/2008

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The economy of the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais has undergone several changes between the 1950’s and the 1990’s. The main result of those changes was the great heterogeneity amongst its microrregions (dynamic and stagnant areas exist simultaneous). The aim of the paper is to identify the areas that currently play a central role in the development of the state, the dynamic of the local employment, and level of intra-state heterogeneity. Descriptive and multivariate methods are used to analyze data on employment and pn local diversity in the period 1995/2008 (data from RAIS/MTE and IBGE). The results show that the most dynamic areas in terms of employment are also those with the highest degrees of centrality. Despite the improvements in recent years, the intra-state heterogeneity remains high.
Evaluation of the mainstream wind turbine concepts considering their reliabilities

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Wind turbine technologies have reached such a stage that the power rating of a single unit installed for grid connection has well exceeded MW level, and this trend is still developing. Some previous work has been carried out by researchers to compare different wind turbine concepts, but most of these comparisons assume ideal operating conditions. In this paper, an economic evaluation of the mainstream wind turbine concepts rated at 5 MW for onshore sites by taking into account their reliabilities is made. Also not only the low-voltage designs but also medium voltage designs are presented. The comparison results suggest that the direct drive wind turbines produce the highest annual energy, but the doubly fed induction generator typed wind turbines still appear the most economic at this power rating.
HUBUNGAN MOTIVASI BELAJAR DAN PERILAKU HIDUP SEHAT DENGAN PRESTASI BELAJAR KEJURUAN OTOMOTIF KELAS XI PROGRAM KEAHLIAN TEKNIK OTOMOTIF SMK MUHAMMADIYAH IMOGIRI BANTUL TAHUN AJARAN 2014/2015

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The study aimed to describe (1) correlation between learning motivation with learning achievement of automotive vocational; (2) correlation between healthy live attitude with learning achievement of automotive vocational; and (3) correlation between learning motivation and healthy live attitudewith learning achievement of automotive vocational. This study was ex-post facto research. Data collecting methods were questionnaires and documentation. Data analyzing methods used descriptive analysis, first and second hypothesis testing used partial correlation and third hypothesis testing used double regression. This study shows that there was a positive and significant correlation between learning motivation with learning achievement of automotive vocational; (2) there was a positive and significant correlation between healthy live attitude with learning achievement of automotive vocational; and (3) there was a positive and significant correlation between learning motivation and healthy live attitude with learning achievement of automotive vocational.
Cross Buying extended in Multi Partner Bonusprogrammen

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Ausgangspunkt der realwissenschaftlichen Forschung ist ein Problem – ein zu erforschendes Phänomen in der Wirklichkeit. Um dieses Phänomen erfassen, erklären und prognostizieren zu können, können eine oder mehrere Theorien herangezogen werden. Als ‚Theorie‘ kann ein Lehrgebäude oder Denkgerüst bezeichnet werden, welches ein geordnetes Gefüge darstellt, das durch Forschung gewonnene Erkenntnisse beinhaltet. Es wird hierbei die Erklärung eines Sachverhaltes angestrebt. „Einen bestimmten Sachverhalt zu erklären heißt, ihn aus theoretischen Gesetzmäßigkeiten und gewissen Rahmenbedingungen auf logischdeduktivem Wege abzuleiten.“ In diesem deduktiven Prozess werden nach der Formulierung des Problems und der Betrachtung eines entsprechenden Denkgerüstes Hypothesen aufgestellt, die dann mit der Realität konfrontiert werden. Realtheoretisches Wissen entsteht erst, wenn die theoretischen Aussagen der empirischen Überprüfung der Realität standhalten. Dieses Vorgehen ist aber nur möglich, wenn aus den gewählten Theorieansätzen die Hypothesen auch begründet werden können und somit die Grundlage zur Ableitung von Hypothesen zu dem zu untersuchenden Konstrukt erstellt wird.