jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
ESSENTIALISM AND RIGIDITY

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Michael Della Rocca has recently argued that Kripkean essentialism is subtly self‐defeating: to defend it, certain modal intuitions must be reconstrued in terms of similarity, but reconstruing them in this way threatens the principled rejection of similarity comparisons on which Kripke's essentialism depends. Della Rocca holds that Kripke's strategy must assume the necessity of identity, and that the necessity of identity already presupposes essentialism, which renders the defence circular. Against this, I argue that the necessity of identity may be accepted independently; therefore no circularity need arise. I also argue that Della Rocca fails to rebut an objection raised by Stephen Yablo.
Misconceptions and Conceptual Change in Undergraduate Students' Understanding of Psychology as a Science

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

American undergraduate psychology students' ( N = 438) beliefs about the scientific nature of the discipline were assessed as a function of their year in college (first to fourth year) and academic status in psychology (a comprehensive, limited, or minimal program of study in psychology). Students completed the Psychology as a Science (PAS) questionnaire, in which they evaluated 15 Likert-type statements about scientific psychology. There was a main effect of year in college and academic status, suggesting that those who are academically advanced and committed to a comprehensive study of psychology had a stronger belief that psychology is a science. The results are discussed in terms of the process of conceptual change by which students overcome their misconceptions about psychology as a science.
Total Knee Arthroplasty: What to Expect? A Survey of the Members of the Dutch Knee Society on Long-Term Recovery after Total Knee Arthroplasty

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract The rate of satisfaction after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is consistently reported around 80%, leaving one in five patients unsatisfied to some extent. Fulfillment of expectations is reported as the strongest predictor of treatment satisfaction. In this study, we aimed to evaluate what Dutch orthopedic surgeons assume are realistic expectations for recovery 1 year after TKA. We invited the members of the Dutch Knee Society (DKS) to fill out a web-based questionnaire. For expectation measurement, the validated Dutch version of the Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) knee replacement expectations survey was used. A total of 150 invitations were successfully sent; 84 orthopedic surgeons responded (56%). The overall HSS knee replacement expectation score was 66.0 (standard deviation, 14.0) on a 0 to 100 scale. Most improvement was predicted for the items “pain relief” and “walking short distances.” Expectations related to patients' ability to kneel or squat after TKA were scored poorly. To the opinion of the members of the DKS, after TKA improvement can be expected in domains of pain, function, activities, and psychological wellbeing. Return to normal is not likely to occur, especially in demanding physical activities.
Patient perspectives on the daily burden of prostate cancer: an online patient study (Preprint)

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND

Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer in men. Due to medical advances and early diagnosis, long-term well-being and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) have become more important nowadays.

OBJECTIVE

We performed an observational study to evaluate the impact of prostate cancer diagnosis and its treatments on patients' daily lives. This study also assessed the relationship between healthcare professionals (HCPs) and prostate cancer patients, the availability of supportive services and information, and related unmet needs.

METHODS

An online survey was conducted on the patient platform Carenity. 72 patients undergoing treatment for prostate cancer answered 35 questions between October 2020 and March 2021, regarding the impact of prostate cancer on their daily lives, their relationship with their HCPs, and their expectations regarding treatment options and services that aim at improving their daily lives.

RESULTS

72 patients with prostate cancer completed the questionnaire. Mean age was 65 years, most patients were married or in a relationship (79%), 63% were retired. On average, patients were first diagnosed 5.7 years ago and were diagnosed at 60. 30% of the respondents were affected by the metastatic stage of the disease. The results highlighted the major difficulties that prostate cancer patients experienced along their patient journey. The reported effects were both physical and emotional, with the greatest impact on sexual life (mean impact of 7.6/10, 10 standing for the strongest impact), intimate life (6.4/10), and general mood (5.5/10). Most patients had discussions with HCPs about their daily lives and/or concerns and rated these conversations positively; at the time of the diagnosis (for 66% of patients) or when choosing the treatment (76%) the main contact person was the urologist, while the general practitioner was the one seen during follow-up visits (82%). However, the respondents mentioned they wanted their HCPs to provide more information and spend more time with them and listening to them. Prostate cancer patients' expectations regarding therapy mostly regarded its efficacy and a hope for a longer life (86%), as well as few side effects (66%). Respondents shared unmet needs for supportive services (53%) and access to information (21%). Most of the burdens reported were present whatever the stage of the disease. Differences in care preferences and in the level of impact on quality of life are observed regarding the cancer stage. A higher impact on different aspects of patients’ daily life reported by metastatic cancer patients (e.g., impact of the disease on patients’ mood, rated 6.3/10 vs 5.2/10 on average for non-metastatic cancer patients).

CONCLUSIONS

Patients with prostate cancer face a variety of burdens in their daily lives. It is important to address these burdens as early as possible by providing better information and supportive care as part of a personalized care pathway.
Pembuatan Ba0,8Sr0,2TiO3 menggunakan Metode Co-precipitation dengan Variasi Suhu Sintering

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

<p>Ba<sub>0,8</sub>Sr<sub>0,2</sub>TiO<sub>3 </sub>was made by co-precipitation method with the sintering temperature of 600<sup>o</sup>C, 700<sup>o</sup>C, 800<sup>o</sup>C and 900<sup>o</sup>C for 4 hours. Sintering temperature was varied to investigate its effect on microstructure and dielectric constant of Ba<sub>0,8</sub>Sr<sub>0,2</sub>TiO<sub>3</sub>. microstructure characterization was performed by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) instrument. Dielectric constant characterization was perform by LCR meter. The crystal size increased significantly with increasing sintering temperature. Measurements of dielectric constant were performed at range of frequency 0.01 to 100 KHz. Dielectric constant value is highest at the lowest frequency. Dielectric constant value size increased significantly with increasing sintering temperature.</p>
Electronic structure of metal–semiconductor interfaces

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

In a recent paper, we investigated the electronic properties of a set of Ge–Al lattice-matched interfaces. These interfaces were constructed by placing an ideal (001)Ge substrate next to a 45° rotated (001)Al film. In all cases the Ge–Al interatomic distance was kept fixed at some ad hoc value. Using a self-consistent pseudopotential approach, we now extend these calculations to consider the case where the interlayer distance is fixed for the on top and interstitial model but the Ge–Al interatomic distance is allowed to vary. One striking result of our calculation is that the differences among diverse interface geometries lead only to small differences in electronic properties if the interlayer distance is kept fixed. Single atomic metal overlayer calculations by Chelikowsky, and Zhang and Schluter in different configurations show more pronounced differences. Our results indicate that inclusion of more than one metal layer tends to smear out these differences. We also calculate an optimal geometrical arrangement by minimizing the total energy of the system. We critically discuss the weakly interacting cluster model and the chemisorption model of metal–semiconductor interfaces and place our work in context. We also present a semiclassical calculation which relates the interface density of occupied states to surface quantized level spacing. It suggests a possible surface absorption experiment for determining this state density. Future ramifications of our idealized model and the role it can play in simulating interfacial chemical reactions are briefly stated.
Factors affecting parental awareness of the nutritional intake to their children’s growth

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Nowadays, several reports from international bodies on nutritional requirements are alarming. Based on a report by the World Health Organization found that 17.7 percent of children and adolescents aged 5 to 19 years old in Malaysia have stunted growth. Besides, many parents are not aware of nutrition intake in providing food to their children. Therefore, this study aims to determine parental awareness of the nutritional intake to their children’s growth. The independent variables in this study are knowledge, attitude, practices, perceived behavior control, and subjective norm while the dependent variable is parent awareness of the nutrient intake of their children. Quantitative research forms were used, and questionnaires were adapted based on the KAP Model and the theory of planned behavior (TPB). Non-probability sampling was used using purposive sampling involving 150 parents who have children under five years old. SPSS version 21.0 was used to analyze the data using descriptive and spearman correlation analysis. Based on the results of this study found that all the variable has a high mean score. Moreover, research findings also showed that there was a significant relationship between attitudes, practices, and subjective norms with parental awareness of nutrient intake in children. Nevertheless, the relationship between knowledge and perceived behavioural control with parental awareness of nutrient intake demonstrates a negligible correlation. Hopefully, this study will raise the awareness of parents about the importance of providing a balanced and healthy diet for their children’s growth.
Black Box Variational Bayesian Model Averaging

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

For many decades now, Bayesian Model Averaging (BMA) has been a popular framework to systematically account for model uncertainty that arises in situations when multiple competing models are available to describe the same or similar physical process. The implementation of this framework, however, comes with a multitude of practical challenges including posterior approximation via Markov chain Monte Carlo and numerical integration. We present a Variational Bayesian Inference approach to BMA as a viable alternative to the standard solutions which avoids many of the aforementioned pitfalls. The proposed method is “black box” in the sense that it can be readily applied to many models with little to no model-specific derivation. We illustrate the utility of our variational approach on a suite of examples and discuss all the necessary implementation details. Fully documented Python code with all the examples is provided as well.
Beyond Pastoral: The Role of Family in Second Language Learning Experiences of Adult

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Drawing on the growing phenomenon of transnational families with global networks, this paper presents findings from a longitudinal study in Yorkshire, UK. The study locates domains of English Language use within conversations local to the families which connect across geographical borders. This paper also reports support for [English] language learning within an adult migrant context and reports on the role of family as interlocutors in second language interactions. ISSN 2410-9096
Analysis of antidune migration direction

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Antidunes are bed forms characteristic of upper regime unidirectional flows. Contrary to bed forms developed in lower regime flows, antidunes not only can propagate in the downstream direction but can propagate upstream or remain stationary. In this work we analyze the stable hydraulic conditions that determine each of the three antidune movement possibilities, and a new theory is developed for distinguishing the occurrence of each of these conditions. The theory is developed from an energy balance over a symmetrical antidune; for this, the Bernoulli equation is applied between the antidune crest and antidune trough, and the pressure head is corrected to account for the centrifugal forces generated by curvilinear flow. Manipulation of the fundamental equations produces an antidune mobility dimensionless number ( F a ), dependent on the Froude number, the mean water depth, and the antidune wavelength. The critical value of the antidune mobility number ( F a = 1) corresponds to the stationary condition, while values higher and lower than the critical correspond to downstream and upstream propagation, respectively. Theory predicts that for a given Froude number, downstream‐migrating antidunes are formed for higher water depth–wavelength ratios than for upstream‐migrating antidunes. Likewise, by introducing a restriction for the maximum stationary wave height above antidunes, theory predicts that downstream‐migrating antidunes could attain steeper height–wavelength ratios than upstream‐migrating antidunes. Comparison with published experimental data in literature largely showed agreement between theory and experimental observations.
Metode Penanaman Pendidikan Islam pada Anak Menurut Abdullah Nashih Ulwan

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abdullah Nasih Ulwan’s provides several points of view in the realm of methods of planting Islamic education in children which can later be used as a means to achieve the goals of Islamic education. This research uses the documentation method with a descriptive-interpretative approach, namely an attempt to describe the interpretation of some of the texts of the book at-tarbiyah al-aulad fi al-Islam in the third chapter. As for the primary data source is the book at-tarbiyah al-aulad fi al-Islam, the secondary data source is books and related literature, while the data analysis used descriptive analysis. The results of this study there are five methods of planting Islamic education for children, namely educating by example, customary habits, advice, supervision, and through punishment.
VERIFICATION OF THE METHOD OF CALCULATION OF EXTRA-PRESSURE COMPRESSED COLUMNS COMPARED WITH THE CONSTRUCTION NORMS OF UKRAINE

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In the works published earlier were obtained dependence which allows to obtain the value of the maximum force (the second group of limiting States) depending on the geometric characteristics of eccentrically compressed columns. This article will be a comparison of the proposed method the calculation method of the State construction norms of Ukraine.As the sample was adopted square steel cold formed electrically welded pipe section 50х50х2 mm length l = 3000 mm l = 6000 mm. The calculation was performed for the three design schemes: a hinged column, loaded at one end eccentrically applied force F; the column is rigidly fixed at the bottom, hinged at the top and abbert loaded eccentrically applied force on the upper end; a column rigidly fixed at the bottom, loaded at the free end of the eccentric applied force.In the proposed equations the value of the maximum power to obtain analytically, we can not, but knowing the geometrical characteristics of columns and using the method of direct integration it is possible to obtain the values of the ultimate strengths. The calculation process is organized as follows: set the step load in each approximation calculated deflection. The calculation continues until the load at which the obtained value of the deflection derevovolos limiting value thus. Calculated load is taken for the maximum force F which characterizes the bearing capacity of the columns.After analyzing the results of the calculations, and received the error that does not exceed 19 %, we can talk about the possibility of using the proposed formulas for calculation of the maximum posacenere because they can afford to automate the process and reduce the computation time. The proposed formulas allow to obtain the maximum power depending on the preset value of deflection.
Scientific opinion on the safety and efficacy of concentrated liquid L‐lysine (base), concentrated liquid L‐lysine monohydrochloride and L‐lysine monohydrochloride produced by Escherichia coli (FERM BP‐10941) for all animal species, based on three dossiers submitted by Ajinomoto Eurolysine SAS

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Concentrated liquid L-lysine (base), concentrated liquid L-lysine monohydrochloride (HCl) and L-lysine HCl technically pure are produced by fermentation with a genetically modified Escherichia coli (FERM BP-10941). Neither the production strain nor its recombinant DNA was detected in any of the final products. The final products do not raise any safety concern with regard to the genetic modifications. Concentrated liquid L-lysine (base), concentrated liquid L-lysine HCl and L-lysine HCl technically pure are considered safe for target species when supplemented in appropriate amounts. Lysine produced by E. coli (FERM BP-10941) is not genotoxic and the results of subchronic studies do not indicate any specific concerns. As there are no lysine metabolites associated with safety concerns in the animal tissues and products, the EFSA Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP Panel) considers that the use of L-lysine and its hydrochloride salts in animal feed does not pose a risk for the consumer. Concentrated liquid L-lysine (base), concentrated liquid L-lysine HCl and L-lysine HCl technically pure are not considered to have the potential to cause respiratory toxicity, skin or eye irritation or skin sensitisation, but respiratory sensitisation cannot be excluded. L-Lysine is a substance naturally occurring in bacteria, plants and animals. The use of L-lysine-containing feed additives does not represent a risk to the environment. Concentrated liquid L-lysine (base), concentrated liquid L-lysine HCl and L-lysine HCl technically pure are considered equivalent in terms of L-lysine availability to the target animals. The efficacy of supplementing L-lysine and its hydrochloride salts is extensively demonstrated in the literature for mammals (except ruminants), poultry and fish, including its use in a liquid or a powder form. Therefore it does not require any further demonstration. Response in ruminants requires some degree of protection of L-lysine from ruminal degradation.
Public Policy Analysis and Think Tanks

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The term think tank is used here to mean policy research institutes involved in the research and analysis of a particular policy area or a broad range of policy issues, seeking to advise policy makers or inform public debate on policy issues. Generally, these organizations are constituted as non-governmental organizations (NGOs) but some are either semi-governmental agencies or quasiautonomous units within government. Additionally, some European political parties have created in-house think tanks in the form of party institutes or foundations such as the Konrad Adenauer Stiftung associated with the Christian Democratic Party in Germany. In parts of North Asia, think tanks are often affi liated with business corporations such as the Mitsubishi Research Institute a profi t-making institute founded in 1970. Despite this increasing divergence in legal constitution, the roles and functions of think tanks put them at the intersection of academia and politics where they aim to make connection between policy analysis and policy making. However, there is considerable diversity among think tanks in terms of size, ideology, resources, and the quality or quantity of analytic output. Notwithstanding the prosperous, well-known think tanks like RAND, the Brookings Institution, or the Council on Foreign Relations in the United States, the majority of think tanks around the world are relatively small organizations. Most operate with a dozen or so research staff and annual budgets of approximately US$2-$3.5 million (Boucher et al. 2004).
Materials Data on TeMoWSeS2 by Materials Project

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

MoTe2WSe2WS2MoS2 is Molybdenite-derived structured and crystallizes in the trigonal P3m1 space group. The structure is two-dimensional and consists of one MoS2 sheet oriented in the (0, 0, 1) direction; one MoTe2 sheet oriented in the (0, 0, 1) direction; one WS2 sheet oriented in the (0, 0, 1) direction; and one WSe2 sheet oriented in the (0, 0, 1) direction. In the MoS2 sheet, Mo6+ is bonded to six S2- atoms to form distorted edge-sharing MoS6 pentagonal pyramids. All Mo–S bond lengths are 2.45 Å. There are two inequivalent S2- sites. In the first S2- site, S2- is bonded in a distorted T-shaped geometry to three equivalent Mo6+ atoms. In the second S2- site, S2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to three equivalent Mo6+ atoms. In the MoTe2 sheet, Mo6+ is bonded to six Te2- atoms to form distorted edge-sharing MoTe6 pentagonal pyramids. All Mo–Te bond lengths are 2.70 Å. There are two inequivalent Te2- sites. In the first Te2- site, Te2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to three equivalent Mo6+ atoms. In the second Te2- site, Te2- is bonded to three equivalent Mo6+ atoms to form distorted corner-sharing TeMo3 cuboctahedra. In the WS2 sheet, W2+ is bonded to six equivalent S2- atoms to form distorted edge-sharing WS6 pentagonal pyramids. All W–S bond lengths are 2.45 Å. S2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to three equivalent W2+ atoms. In the WSe2 sheet, W2+ is bonded to six equivalent Se2- atoms to form distorted edge-sharing WSe6 pentagonal pyramids. All W–Se bond lengths are 2.55 Å. Se2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to three equivalent W2+ atoms.
Sparse representation-based classification for rolling bearing fault diagnosis

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Rolling element bearing is a vital but also an easily damageable part for rotating machinery. In this paper, sparse representation-based classification is introduced in the method of fault diagnosis for rolling bearing. In the method, Wavelet Packet Transform and Fisher discrimination criterion are used to construct the sample feature dictionary. It takes advantage of the Orthogonal Matching Pursuit algorithm to get sparse coefficients and diagnose fault according to the minimal ratio of reconstruction error to L1-norm of the sparse coefficients. Its performance is demonstrated in test of faulty bearing vibration signals, and its advantage is further validated through comparison with other classification-based diagnosis methods such as support vector machine.
Analysis of mtDNA/nDNA Ratio in Mice

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) lacks the protection provided by the nucleosomes in the nuclear DNA and does not have a DNA repair mechanism, making it highly susceptible to damage, which can lead to mtDNA depletion. mtDNA depletion compromises the efficient function of cells and tissues and thus impacts negatively on health. Here, we describe a brief and easy protocol to quantify mtDNA copy number by determining the mtDNA/nDNA ratio. The procedure has been validated using a cohort of young and aged mice. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.