jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Digital governance and hotspot geoinformatics for monitoring, etiology, early warning, and management around the world

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The five year NSF DGP project has been instrumental to conceptualize hotspot geoinformatics partnership among several interested cross-disciplinary scientists in academia, agencies, and private sector around the world. A declared need is around for statistical geoinformatics and software infrastructure for spatial and spatiotemporal hotspot detection and prioritization. Our efforts are driven by a wide variety of case studies of potential interest to government agencies involving critical society issues, such as public health, ecosystem health, sensor networks, robotic networks, social networks, video mining, homeland security, early warning, and disaster management.
The Effects of Three Forms of Provider Discrimination on Access to Health Care and Mental Health

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: Provider discrimination can diminish access to care and lead to poor health outcomes, especially in marginalized populations. We extend past research by exploring the combined or intersecting effects of 3 forms of provider discrimination and by looking beyond access to care to include the impact of provider discrimination on mental health. Objectives: To examine reports of multiple forms of provider discrimination, including the prevalence, associated characteristics, and effects on health care access and mental health. Research Design: Secondary analysis of pooled 2021 and 2023 Minnesota Health Access survey data. Subjects: Adults aged 18–64 who responded to the survey (unweighted sample size 11,908). Measures: Reports of 3 forms of provider discrimination based on: (1) race, ethnicity, or nationality; (2) gender or sexual orientation; or (3) insurance type or lack of insurance. Results: Nearly 1 in 5 adult Minnesotans reported at least one form of provider discrimination (19.6%), with some populations of adults reporting disproportionately higher rates. Experiencing insurance-based discrimination or gender or sexual orientation-based discrimination alone, together, and in combination with race-based discrimination was associated with foregone mental or behavioral health care, diminished confidence in getting needed care, and mental distress. Conclusions: Provider discrimination comes in different forms, which intersect to impair access and mental health. Experiences of provider discrimination were concentrated among the most marginalized members of our communities based on their gender identity, sexual orientation, race, ethnicity, nationality, age, income, public insurance, and lack of insurance. We recommend several structural solutions.
Study on sociotype communication in heterogeneous multi-agents environment

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Heterogeneous multi-agent environment involve a problem space which house more than 1 type of agents. Where multi-agent is concerned, communication has always been the key thought process. This is because different agents have different architectures and in order for them to collaborate within the same environment, there should be some form of communication involved. This paper will examine the communication process of 2 Neural Network intelligent agents, one is the Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) and the other is the Temporal Difference-Fusion Architecture for Learning and Cognition (FALCON) with the help of a grid-based path-finding environment, known as Mine Navigation. The experiment was broken into 2 groups, each with 1 FALCON and 1 MLP agent. The first group being the control group consists of the agents with no communication; while the other, the test group is made up of agents capable of communication. The results from the two groups were collected and compared to draw out the relationship between communication and the performance of these agents. The results show that with communication, FALCON agent is able to perform better under controlled scenario and the MLP agent is able to be trained faster. With the success of this experiment, future work may consider increasing the complexity of the problem space by introducing more dimensions, or alternating the agents of different artificial and computational intelligence.
<title>Histology of overlapping and nonoverlapping pulsed-dye-laser pulses on normal human skin</title>

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In treatment of port-wine stains with a pulsed dye laser, whether to deliver the pulses with or without overlap remains controversial. Therefore the effect of overlap on vascular damage was histologically objectivated by taking biopsies from normal human skin of 5 healthy volunteers, who had laser pulses delivered as follows: 1 single pulse, 2 completely overlapping pulses, 2 pulses with approximately 30% overlap, and 2 pulses with 1 - 2 mm normal skin in between. For these experiments a Candela SPTL-1 with a wavelength of 585 nm was used to deliver 5 mm diameter pulses at an energy level of 7.0 J/cm2. Light microscopy of the biopsies taken 24 hours after delivering the pulses shows that in overlapping pulses the inflicted damage still seems to be confined to the vessels, but that it extends deeper into the dermis. A striking observation, however, is that concerning the depth of vessel damage, even in non- overlapping pulses, the adjoining pulses have an invigorating effect on each other.
Thai Politics, 1932–1957: Extracts and Documents. Volume I. Edited by Thak Chaloemtiarana. Bangkok: Social Science Association of Thailand, Thammasat University Printing Office, 1978. Pp. iv, 884. Paperback.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Thai Politics, 1932–1957: Extracts and Documents. Volume I. Edited by Thak Chaloemtiarana. Bangkok: Social Science Association of Thailand, Thammasat University Printing Office, 1978. Pp. iv, 884. Paperback. - Volume 12 Issue 2
Quantifying Shock Effects of Mars Sample via Micro‐FTIR Spectra of Plagioclase

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Precisely constraining the shock pressure of a Mars sample is critical for revealing the shock condition, geological process, and habitability of the Martian surface. The crystal structure of plagioclase is sensitive to the moderate shock pressure, such that its infrared spectra may record the shock state of Martian materials. In this study, we present a new way for quantifying the shock pressure via the micro‐FTIR spectra of plagioclase by re‐analyzing the published spectra of experimental shocked feldspars. Using the absorption area of micro‐FTIR in the range of ∼1,000–1,150 cm −1 , the shock pressures of plagioclases from three types of Mars meteorites were constrained. The results show that the nakhlite Northwest Africa (NWA) 10645, shergottite Tindouf 002, and martian breccia NWA 11220 have the shock pressure of 18.5 ± 5.2 GPa, >30 GPa, and 0–24.2 GPa, respectively. Our work demonstrates that the micro‐FTIR spectra of plagioclase is not only a quantitative tool for constraining the moderate shock pressure (<30 GPa) of Martian materials but also a useful technique for recognizing the high‐pressure phase maskelynite from plagioclase‐glass and evaluating the shock effects of Mars samples. In the future, this method will be available for the analysis of Mars samples returned by China's Tianwen‐3 mission in around 2030.
Nursing consultations to children in primary health care: a feedback of researched data

Field: Nursing (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Objective: To report the results of a dissertation developed with nurses who perform childcare consultations in Family Health Units in a Health District of João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil. Methods: Experience report of the presentation and interpretation of the research results, in 2018, with 42 nurses, using the conversation strategy with two focus groups. Results: The nurses showed disappointment with the negative results evidenced in the study’s feedback, but they highlighted the importance of this moment for discussion and reflection of their practices, thus arousing the interest in qualifying the child’s health care. Final considerations: This study achieved the objective of promoting the dissemination of the findings of a research, coupled with the social and ethical commitment to return to the nurses and participating services with the feedback of the research results to improve the reality in which they work.
[Paget's degeneration of the juxta-alveolar portion of the mandible in subjects with generalized osteoporosis. Clinical study].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

After the description of the etiopathogenetic aspects and of the pathologic anatomy lesion more typical of the Paget's disease, the A.A. describe a interesting case of the mandible's degeneration in a patient with chronic osteoporosis. The patient does not masticate. The treatment has been to remodelling of the mandible. We made a scrupulous check of laboratory research and the radiographical, biological and histological reports to exclude osteosarcoma and gigantic cells tumour.
Cryogenic Dark Matter Search (CDMS): The Hunt for Dark Matter

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Deciphering the nature of dark matter has great scientific importance. A leading hypothesis is that dark matter is made of Weakly Interactive Massive Particles (WIMPs), which may result from supersymmetry or additional spatial dimensions. The underground search for elastic scattering of WIMPs on suitable targets (the so-called 'direct detection') is currently led by the Cryogenic Dark Matter Search II (CDMS II) experiment. Its sensitivity is ten times better than any other experiment and we hope to obtain another factor ten in the coming two years. After a brief recall of our recent results, I will describe the complementarity between direct detection experiments, the LHC and the ILC and I will outline the role that SLAC could play in this SuperCDMS program.
Fault Diagnosis Method Based On Joint Distributional Adaptation For Intelligent Fault Diagnosis Under Different Working Conditions With Imbalanced Data

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Rotating parts are the heart of the machinery industry, so various industries put forward higher requirements for the stability and reliability of mechanical work. However, relying on manual fault diagnosis is not only time-consuming and laborious, but also the accuracy rate is not ideal, so machine learning was introduced to the machinery fault diagnosis industry, but the training of fault diagnosis models depends on a large amount of data, and the working conditions of mechanical faults are variable, and it is difficult to apply the model trained under one working condition to another working condition. Therefore, we introduce the domain adaptive method of migration learning in fault diagnosis. However, most of the samples in real production are normal samples, and fault samples only account for a few. The sample imbalance problem needs to be solved urgently, so we adopt the method based on joint distribution adaptation, which firstly uses the model itself to make a priori judgment, and learns on the basis of the judgment; moreover, in order to solve the problem of ignoring the small samples and weight bias when the model samples are imbalanced, we propose the inverse sparsity loss function and entropy increasing loss function. Under the operating conditions of the bearing sample imbalance variable, fault tests are designed to verify the accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed method to solve the sample imbalance problem.
Robust measurement of angular position using resolver sensor and ADALINE neural networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents a new procedure to get the angular position of a motor shaft using a resolver sensor and artificial neural networks. The mentioned sensor is modeled as a linear system between the excitation and its output signals. Two real-time ADALINE neural networks estimate the regression coefficients of this model, and the angular position is obtained applying inverse trigonometric function. Simulation and experimental results proves that the proposed system has good accuracy and robustness against noise, using a simple mathematical structure, and it can be used in closed-loop control of electrical machines.
The Research on Navigation Technology of Dead Reckoning Based on UWB Localization

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Aiming at the problem that the accuracy and stability of indoor positioning navigation can not meet the requirements of engineering, a navigation method based on UWB positioning is designed. First of all, in view of the positioning error of UWB, the TOF algorithm is applied to measure distance, and an algorithm of inner quadrilateral positioning is proposed to improve the positioning accuracy. Secondly, In the aspect of the large deviation of navigation direction, the dead reckoning algorithm based on nine-axis module surveying angle and encoder range are designed, which effectively settle the problem of zero drift and improve the navigation precision. Finally, an integrated navigation algorithm is proposed, it combines the advantages of UWB positioning technology and dead reckoning. This method can improve the performance of positioning navigation effectively. The system can carry out indoor positioning navigation stably, rapidly and accurately through practice.
Isolation and characterization of cytoplasts and miniprotoplasts derived from protoplasts of cultured cells

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

We have isolated and partially characterized subprotoplasts containing nuclei, i.e. miniprotoplasts, and enucleated subprotoplasts, i.e. cytoplasts, from freshly isolated protoplasts of cultured cells from Hyoscyamus muticus, Nicotiana tabacum and especially Zea mays . Protoplasts were fragmentated by centrifugation through discontinuous iso‐osmotic density gradients containing colloidal silaca gel (Percoll), calcium chloride and mannitol. Using this method metabolically active miniprotoplasts and highly purified cytoplast fractions with less than 4% contamination with nucleated protoplasts were obtained. The cytoplasts prepared by our method are suitable for use in fusion experiments aimed at transferring nuclear and cytoplasmic genetic information separately.
L'analyse du génome et du transcriptome par des méthodes sans référence

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Animal’s behaviors and pheno-types are in part embedded in the genetic molecules of life : RNA and DNA. By decipher-ing the information hidden in these molecules, we can peek into the mysteries of biology. Next generation sequencing (NGS) was developed as a powerful tool for decoding DNA and RNA molecules on a very large scale. NGS has consid-erably broadened our understanding of all areas of biology, from molecular biology to genetics, medicine, ecology and epidemiology. A corner-stone of NGS data analysis is the comparison with a reference genome. Although scientists use one reference genome per species, the explo-sive growth of sequencing output has challenged this view by showing that actual DNA and RNA sequences are much more diverse.In this thesis, we propose new bioinformatics protocols for NGS analysis that do not rely on a reference. Our projects aim to exploit the power of alignment-free approaches to discover novel variations in cancer transcriptomes and genomes in hard-to-map regions or regions absent from the reference genome. We applied this strategy to uncover novel phenotype-related events from large-scale cancer cohorts. From the perspec-tive of genome analysis, we uncovered novel re-current variants from prostate cancer patients. Based on transcriptome analysis, we discovered non-reference events with high replicability.We demonstrate that a large number of novel events relevant to diseases can be discovered in the manner of alignment-free. These novel non-reference events do not require a priori knowledge of the human genome or transcriptome and present significant prognostic values and potential to produce neoantigens. In addition, these novel non-reference events involved in cancer risk may orient biologists towards new oncogenesis mechanisms.
Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products as Emerging Water Contaminants

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

With the advent of better detection, more micro-contaminants are being found in water. Many of these micro-contaminants come from medical therapies and personal care products. These chemicals are comprised of a wide-range of substances including pharmaceuticals, dietary supplements, veterinary drugs, fragrances, hair care products, body lotions, oral care, and cosmetics. Many of these products enhance our quality of life and in some cases, provide life-saving therapies. But, they come with an environmental cost. Scientific research has found sub-therapeutic levels of many of these chemicals in our waterways and in our finished drinking water, causing concern about the potential environmental and public health impacts associated with very low, chronic exposure. As tailored therapies and personal care products are developed, it is crucial to consider how to control emerging contaminants from medical therapies and personal care products. Specific actions and policies can be implemented now by adopting upstream approaches to prevent waste and decrease environmental exposures.
Synthesis and Characterization of the Food-Derived Carcinogens 2-(Hydroxylamino)-α-carboline and 2-(Hydroxylamino)-3-methyl-α-carboline

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTSynthesis and Characterization of the Food-Derived Carcinogens 2-(Hydroxylamino)-α-carboline and 2-(Hydroxylamino)-3-methyl-α-carbolineShahrokh Kazerani and Michael NovakView Author Information Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056 Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1998, 63, 3, 895–897Publication Date (Web):January 14, 1998Publication History Received25 September 1997Published online14 January 1998Published inissue 1 February 1998https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo971786vhttps://doi.org/10.1021/jo971786vbrief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views583Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Amines,Mixtures,Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy,Reaction products,Toxicology Get e-Alerts
Explainable Advanced Modelling of CO2-Dissolved Brine Density: Applications for Geological CO2 Storage in Aquifers

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The growing impacts of global warming demand urgent climate-change mitigation strategies, with carbon storage in saline aquifers emerging as a promising solution. These aquifers, for their high porosity and permeability, offer significant potential for CO2 sequestration. Among the trapping mechanisms, solubility trapping—where CO2 dissolves into brine—stands out for its long-term effectiveness. However, CO2 dissolution alters brine density, initiating density-driven convection that enhances CO2 migration. Accurate modelling of these density changes is essential for optimising CO2 storage strategies and improving long-term sequestration outcomes. This study presents a two-step explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) framework for predicting the density of CO2-dissolved brine in geological formations. A dataset comprising 3393 samples from 14 different studies was utilised, capturing a wide range of brine compositions and salinities. Given the complexity of brine–CO2 interactions, a two-step modelling approach was adopted. First, a random forest (RF) model predicted the brine volume (as the proxy for the density) without dissolved CO2, and then, a second RF model predicted the impact of CO2 dissolution on the brine’s volume. Feature importance analysis and SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) values provided interpretability, revealing the dominant role of temperature and ion mass in the absence of CO2 and the significant influence of dissolved CO2 in more complex systems. The model showed excellent predictive performance, with R2 values of 0.997 and 0.926 for brine-only and CO2-dissolved solutions, respectively. Future studies are recommended to expand the dataset, explore more complex systems, and investigate alternative modelling techniques to further enhance the predictive capabilities.
A Water Radiolysis Code for the Irradiation Loop System

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

In order to evaluate the water chemistry in the irradiation field during IASCC irradiation test, a water radiolysis code for the irradiation loop system was developed. In the water radiolysis code, a multiple node model was introduced since the irradiation loop system has a wide rage temperature distribution as well as dose distribution. To investigate applicability of the developed water radiolysis code, water chemistry at the water sampling point of the irradiation loop system was measured and compared with analytical results under several water chemistry conditions. Further, water chemistry distribution in the in-pile region as well as in the out-pile region was calculated by the developed water radiolysis code.
Evolution of space reactor qualification methods and a path forward for new space reactors under consideration

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

These slides outline the evolution of space reactor system qualifications and provide a potential framework for qualification of current space reactor concepts. Qualification approaches for SNAP 10A, SP-100, TOPAZ II, and Prometheus reactor systems will be discussed. Several qualification approaches from past reactors will be reviewed including: a component qualification approach demonstrated in the SNAP reactor program, a system level approach in the SP-100 program, adding additional features to an existing design in the TOPAZ program, and a combination of a computational and basic testing approach for the Prometheus reactor. Past and present test facilities will also be discussed and the impact of test facility availability (or existence) is discussed. A suggested approach that complies with the updated Presidential Directive (NSPM-20, August 2019) that is derived from previous program approaches will be discussed for qualification of future space reactors.