jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Experimental Muscle Pain: A Quantitative Study of Local and Referred Pain in Humans Following Injection of Hypertonic Saline

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

AbstractObjectives: In the present quantitative and methodological study we systematically investigated the variability and sensory aspects of experimental muscle pain induced by hypertonic saline 'as proposed by Kellgren.Methods: Four experiments were carried out: 1. intra-individual variability in saline-induced muscle pain, 2. the influence of saline concentration [0.9%, 5%, 11.5% and 20%], 3. the Influence of infusion time [20 and 100 seconds] and volume [0.1 ml and 0.5 ml] and 4. the influence of tissue type [periosteum, muscle, subcutis]. The infusion of hypertonic saline was standardized using a computer-controlled infusion pump. Pain intensity, quality, distribution and cutaneous sensory changes were assessed.Results: It was possible to obtain reproducible intra-individual [variability < 15.6% ± 54.3] scores of pain intensity, quality, distribution and cutaneous changes. There was a significant correlation between pain intensity and the infused volume [R = 0.51, P < 0.001] and concentration [R = 0.76, P < 0.0001] of hypertonic saline. The onset of pain was correlated to the infusion time [R = 0.57, P < 0.001] and concentration [R = − 0.40, P < 0.02]. The pain offset and peak time were significantly [P < 0.05] influenced by the concentration and infusion time. The infusions close to the periosteum caused a higher pain intensity compared to infusions in muscle and subcutis. Infusions in subcutis produced a "scalding" pain quality that was different compared to the "drilling" and "taut" quality of muscular pain. Cutaneous hypoesthesia to pin-prick and touch close to the injection site were the most commonly observed changes in sensation.Conclusion: The findings indicate that the hypertonic saline muscle pain model is useful when studying basic physiological aspects-of human muscle pain.KEYWORDS: Experimental muscle painhypertonic salinereferred paincutaneous hypo- and hyperesthesia
Geographically Weighted Regression using Fixed and Adaptive Gaussian Kernel Weighting for Maternal Mortality Rate Analysis

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

The weights have a very large influence on the parameter estimation of the geographically weighted regression (GWR). The weights show the relationship between observations or locations in the model. Types of weights that are often used in GWR are Gaussian kernels. This weighting can also be arranged into two forms. There are the fixed Gaussian kernel and the adaptive Gaussian kernel. Fixed is used when each location has the same bandwidth value. Adaptive is used when each location has a different bandwidth value. This study compares the results of the estimated parameters of the GWR model using the two weights. The modelling is carried out using data on maternal mortality in Central Sulawesi Province, consisting of 13 regencies/cities. The data used is secondary data. The result is that the adaptive Gaussian kernel weighting gives better results on the GWR model. It can be seen from the smaller standard error value (0.000398), the larger coefficient of determination (0.5468), and the smaller AIC (-152.52) than the model with the fixed Gaussian kernel weighting.
Coexistence of Tuberculosis and Mammary Carcinoma in a Goat

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Contents Synchronic occurrence of tuberculosis mastitis and mammary cancer is rare in humans and, to the best of our knowledge, not reported in domestic animals. Here, we present a case of a female adult goat of Serrana breed with simultaneous occurrence of a granulomatous mastitis, due to M ycobacterium caprae, and a mammary carcinoma. Both pathological conditions are rare in goats and should be included in differential diagnosis of mammary lesions.
Examining the role of human resource management in continuous improvement

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The objective of this paper is to take a first step in developing a theoretical framework describing the role of HRM in successful CI, based on the current literature from both fields. To this end, elements from the CI Maturity Model and a framework depicting the role of HRM in innovation serve as a foundation for examining how specific bundles of HRM practices utilised during different phases of the CI implementation process may contribute to sustained organisational and enhanced operational performance. The primary contribution of this paper is theoretical; however, the framework has practical value in that it suggests important relationships between HRM practices and behaviours necessary for successful CI. A preliminary test of the framework in an empirical setting is summarised at the conclusion of this paper, where a number of possible research avenues are also suggested.
Fish communities and fisheries of the Dutch Caribbean: status and trends

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Since 2012 the fish and elasmobranch communities of the Dutch islands of Bonaire, Saba, and St. Eustatius have been monitored using both diver-operated video (DOV) and baited remote underwater video (BRUV). Also the commercial fisheries were investigated. The species composition, trophic, and size structure of the fish communities were compared between the islands and related to environmental variables and human-induced pressures. Diversity of the fish communities increased, as expected, with habitat complexity, but was not clearly related to fishing. Apparently this was caused by the generally low levels of fishing pressure around the islands. The influence of fisheries was clear however, from the low biomass and abundance of large grouper species, which usually deplete quickly even at low fishing pressure. Fishing practices vary greatly between the Dutch Caribbean islands, with a mostly pelagic fishery around Bonaire, a focus on deep-water snappers and spiny lobster on the Saba Bank, and a fishery on spiny lobster around St. Eustatius. In addition a fishery on Queen conch (a mollusc species) is present around St. Eustatius, but was banned on the Saba Bank since the early 1990s. The patterns in the fish communities and fisheries are compared between islands, historical developments are presented, and future research priorities identified.
Assessing Evidence-Based Practice Shifts Among Doctor of Nursing Education Students: Pre/Post Design

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: Nurse educators are critical in advancing evidence-based practice (EBP) in academic and clinical settings. However, limited research exists on how doctoral education influences their EBP beliefs and implementation skills. Purpose: This study evaluated changes in EBP beliefs and implementation among Doctor of Nursing Education (DNE) students over time. Methods: Using a pre/post single-group design, surveys were administered during the first-year EBP course and again during the second-year Capstone course. Instruments included the EBP Beliefs and EBP Implementation Scales for Educators. Results: Thirteen students participated; eleven completed both surveys. Belief scores significantly improved (mean: 83.5 to 97.5; p = .004; g = 1.6), as did implementation scores (mean: 17.5 to 42.4; p = .004; g = 1.7). Conclusions: This study's findings suggest that the DNE curriculum effectively strengthens educators’ EBP beliefs and implementation. The longitudinal assessment demonstrated meaningful gains in applying evidence-based teaching strategies.
Simple universal curve for the energy‐dependent electron attenuation length for all materials

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

An analysis is presented for a simple, universal equation for the computation of attenuation lengths ( L ) for any material, necessary for quantifying layer thicknesses in Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Attenuation lengths for selected materials may be computed from the inelastic mean free path ( λ Opt ) computed, in turn, from optical data. The computation of L involves the transport mean free path and gives good L values where values of λ Opt are available. However, λ Opt values are not available for all materials. Instead, λ may be calculated from the TPP‐2M relation, but this requires the accurate estimation of a number of materials parameters that vary over a wide range. Although these procedures are all soundly based, they are impractical in many analytical situations. L is therefore simply reexpressed, here, in terms of the average Z of the layer which may be deduced from the AES or XPS analysis, the average atomic size a (varies in a small range) and the kinetic energy E of the emitted electron. For strongly bonded materials, such as oxides and alkali halides, a small extra term is included for the heat of formation. A new equation, S3, is established with a root mean square (RMS) deviation of 8% compared with the values of attenuation length calculated from λ Opt available for elements, inorganic compounds, and organic compounds. This excellent result is suitable for practical analysis. In many films, an average value of a of 0.25 nm is appropriate, and then L may be expressed only in terms of the average Z and E . Then, L expressed in monolayers, equation S4, exhibits an RMS deviation of 9% for many elements. These results are valid for the energy range 100 to 30 000 eV and for angles of emission up to 65°. Copyright © 2012 Crown copyright.
Clinical Utility of Follow-Up Blood Cultures Among Adult Cancer Patients with Gram-Negative Bacilli Bacteremia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Gram-negative bacilli (GNB) bacteremia is a common and potentially fatal infection with mortality rates estimated to be 14-34%, despite effective antimicrobial treatments. Follow-up blood cultures (FUBCs) are blood cultures that are repeated after an initial positive culture and are indicated in certain clinical scenarios, such as in candidemia or Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia to ensure clearance of the bloodstream infection. FUBCs are used in bacteremia to assess the appropriateness and duration of antimicrobial therapy. Currently, there are no guidelines in place regarding the use of FUBC for GNB bacteremia. Furthermore, the utility of FUBCs is not well-studied in adults living with cancer. The purpose of this study is to identify risk factors associated with persistent GNB bacteremia in adult patients with cancer. Methods: We conducted a single-center, retrospective study in patients aged ≥18 years, hospitalized during calendar year 2022, living with cancer, and with laboratory confirmed GNB bloodstream infection. FUBC was defined as a blood culture performed within 7 days of the initial positive blood culture. Patients were grouped as having the same organism on FUBC (+/same), FUBC with no growth (NG) (+/NG), and different organism on FUBC (+/Different). Patients with a different organism on FUBC were excluded from analysis. We gathered demographic information, suspected source of bacteremia, type of malignancy, identified organisms, presence of antimicrobial resistance, and comorbidities (eg. presence of central venous catheters, urinary catheters, end-stage renal disease). Categorical variables were compared using Chi-square or Fisher’s exact test. Continuous variables were compared using Wilcoxon rank sum tests. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the independent predictors of persistent GNB bacteremia. Results: 356 unique patients with FUBC were identified after inclusion/exclusion criteria. 93/356 (26%) of patients had persistent GNB bacteremia (+/same). Multivariate analysis identified history of bacteremia within the preceding year (OR 2.95, 95% CI [1.6-5.6]) and Achromobacter spp. bacteremia (OR 10.03, 95% CI [1.59-63.23] as independent risk factors for persistence. Organisms with multidrug resistance such as extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (OR 2.47, 95% CI [1.21-5.07]) and carbapenem-resistant organisms (OR 3.35, 95% CI [1.04-10.81]) were also associated with persistent GNB bacteremia. Conclusions: This is the first study to specifically identify risk factors for persistent GNB bacteremia in patients living with cancer. FUBC may be useful in GNB bacteremia with less common organisms and/or if they exhibit multidrug resistance on susceptibility testing. The utility of FUBC should be further explored in patients with cancer with certain risk factors.
Spontaneous syrinx resolution in patient with Chiari I malformation: illustrative case

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUIND Chiari malformations include a spectrum of congenital hindbrain herniation syndromes. In patients with the most common subtype, Chiari malformation Type I, 50% to 75% develop a syrinx. The pathogenesis of syringomyelia is not well understood, with multiple theories outlined in the literature. Although the presence of a syrinx in a patient with Chiari malformation is generally accepted as an indication for surgical intervention, there are documented cases of spontaneous resolution that support a more conservative approach to management. OBSERVATIONS The authors reported a case of spontaneous resolution of a cervical syrinx in an adult with an unchanged Chiari malformation. LESSONS Given the possibility of spontaneous resolution over time, the authors believe a more conservative approach of observation with periodic surveillance, magnetic resonance imaging, and neurological examination should be considered in the management of a patient with a Chiari malformation and associated syringomyelia.
High-dimensional regression with potential prior information on variable importance

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

There are a variety of settings where vague prior information may be available on the importance of predictors in high-dimensional regression settings. Examples include ordering on the variables offered by their empirical variances (which is typically discarded through standardisation), the lag of predictors when fitting autoregressive models in time series settings, or the level of missingness of the variables. Whilst such orderings may not match the true importance of variables, we argue that there is little to be lost, and potentially much to be gained, by using them. We propose a simple scheme involving fitting a sequence of models indicated by the ordering. We show that the computational cost for fitting all models when ridge regression is used is no more than for a single fit of ridge regression, and describe a strategy for Lasso regression that makes use of previous fits to greatly speed up fitting the entire sequence of models. We propose to select a final estimator by cross-validation and provide a general result on the quality of the best performing estimator on a test set selected from among a number $M$ of competing estimators in a high-dimensional linear regression setting. Our result requires no sparsity assumptions and shows that only a $\log M$ price is incurred compared to the unknown best estimator. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach when applied to missing or corrupted data, and time series settings. An R package is available on github.
Miniaturized Wideband Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrograph for Deep Space Exploration

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Deep space exploration is the main means for mankind to study the origin, evolution and current situation of the solar system and the universe, to further understand the formation and evolution of the earth's environment, and to understand the relationship between space phenomena and the earth's natural system. Deep space exploration, which mainly includes lunar exploration, planetary exploration, interplanetary exploration and interplanetary exploration, has become a new growth point and research hotspot, and is also the international research direction. Ultraviolet optical remote sensing (50-380 nm) load mainly detect targets include planets (include satellite of the planet, such as the moon, etc.),atmosphere and magnetosphere object surface, can obtain the traditional field and the particles in place observation is difficult to capture the full picture of the material and energy transport. UV remote sensing is an new important technology to study the solar system and its evolution, and it also can be used for searching extraterrestrial life information . Explorations on the probe of the project will focus on miniaturization, large dynamic, intelligent processing on-board and other special requirements. This project will study the miniaturization of wide spectrum of ultraviolet detection technology, submit a miniaturized wide spectrum imaging spectrometer prototype, spectrum covered 50-200 nm, 2-3 nm spectral resolution, weighing less than 4 kg. This project will fill the blank of the detection of deep space small ultraviolet imaging spectrometry in China, provides technical reserves for subsequent including planet detection, solar system marginal deep space exploration program.
Mapping the Legal and Administrative Frameworks of Access Rights in Europe - A Cross-European Comparative Analysis 1

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This report develops a comparative legal analysis of laws and practices on access rights that can be found in the selected countries that we analysed in this research (Austria, Belgium, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Luxembourg, Norway, Slovakia, Spain and the United Kingdom). Although the right of access to personal data is protected and enforced in all these countries (in compliance with Directive 95/46/EC), many differences can be observed.
Students′ Perception of Organization Culture at a Faculty of Science and Technology

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract The current study uses an adapted version of Cameron and Quinn’s OCAI questionnaire to test the organisational culture of the Faculty of Science and Technology at the University of Debrecen, Hungary, as it is perceived by its students, and also to discover what type of organisational culture the same students think would be ideal for them. An additional objective of this paper is to identify possible gaps between the perceived and the ideal cultures expressed by the students. Our sample includes 128 questionnaires completed by bachelor students from 6 different majors at the faculty. According to our results, the respondents perceive to a significant degree that the faculty’s organisational culture is at an average level of clan, market and hierarchy cultures, while it also exhibits a relatively low level of the adhocracy culture. Their ideal faculty culture would be one with average adhocracy, average hierarchy, high clan and low market features. Significant gaps are identified between the perceived and ideal cultures in all the four types: students would prefer an increase in clan and adhocracy cultures, and a decrease in the other two cultures.
Introduction

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This introduction presents an overview of the key concepts discussed in the subsequent chapters of this book. The book deals with the general state of endangered languages today in some large regions of the world, such as Australia, Brazil, Central Asia, and Northern Africa, and offers ‘some good news’. It discusses the theoretical analysis of factors that support language maintenance, with particular reference to the role of new media, historical materials, intergenerational communication in the home, the classification and measurement of vitality, the role of scholars, and the ethical issues facing fieldworkers. The book then brings together a series of empirical studies towards sustainable language maintenance and use, focusing on advances in overcoming challenges, comparisons that confirm best practices, and sustainable strategies for keeping languages in use.
Outbound International Tax Provisions under Tax Cuts and Jobs Act

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This chapter discusses the primary outbound international tax provisions under the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA) and helps the reader understand what constitutes a controlled foreign corporation (CFC) and U.S. shareholders. The Subpart F income tax provisions (generally, Sections 951 through 964) were enacted [in 1962] to discourage U.S. investment in foreign corporations that are structured primarily to avoid or defer U.S. taxes. The chapter presents examples of foreign base company (FBC) sales income. The FBC services income rules apply to treat services income as Subpart F income where a (a) CFC performs the services for, or on behalf of, a related person and (b) performs such services outside its country of organization. The TCJA exempts 100% of the foreign-sourced portion of dividends paid by a foreign corporation to a U.S. corporate shareholder that owns 10% or more of the foreign corporation.
Mining digital data for smarter mental healthcare

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Human interactions with Computers (and especially the Internet) are ever increasing, As a consequence, the field of CyberPsychology, which studies the thinking, behavior and attitudes of the person using the computer has assumed immense importance. In this paper, we report our findings and conclusions from several experiments conducted among college students to demonstrate the feasibility of assessing behavior (especially, mood disorders) from monitoring Internet usage. The core novelty of our work is that these experiments are believed to be the first to use real Internet data, collected unobtrusively and preserving a high degree of privacy. Specific contributions are a) Deriving new Internet usage features after mining NetFlow data that are indicative of negative mood; b) Demonstrating statistically strong correlations among many Internet usage features and negative mood; c) Demonstrating the feasibility of designing classification algorithms to predict negative mood and changes in mood from passive Internet usage monitoring.
Theoretical modeling of adiabatic and non-adiabatic two-phase flows in a capillary tube

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Capillary tubes are commonly used to meter the refrigerant flow from the high pressure (condenser side) to the lower pressure (evaporator side) in small refrigeration systems, such as household refrigerators and freezers, dehumidifiers and room air-conditioners. This simple device consists of a long copper tube with internal diameters ranging from 3.3x 1CT4 to 1.5 x 10-3 m and lengths from 1.5 to 5.0 m.
Additional file 2 of B3GALT4 remodels the tumor microenvironment through GD2-mediated lipid raft formation and the c-met/AKT/mTOR/IRF-1 axis in neuroblastoma

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Additional file 2: Supplementary Table S2. The primary antibodies utilized for western blot analysis, immunochemistry, flow cytometry, and immunofluorescence.
Comparison of erythema and induration as results of tuberculin tests.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Both erythema and induration appear to be adequate indices of tuberculin sensitivity. However, because most of the world uses induration as the index and virtually all studies of tuberculin sensitivity rely on induration, there are advantages in the use of induration. It would be desirable to initiate a large prospective study to see whether erythema or induration is the better predictor of subsequent tuberculous disease, and to confirm our finding that erythema is more likely to be confounded by atopy than induration.