jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
One-point statistics matter in extended cosmologies

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The late universe contains a wealth of information about fundamental physics and gravity, wrapped up in non-Gaussian fields. To make use of as much information as possible it is necessary to go beyond two-point statistics. Rather than going to higher order N-point correlation functions, we demonstrate that the probability distribution function (PDF) of spheres in the matter field (a one-point function) already contains a significant amount of this non-Gaussian information. The matter PDF dissects different density environments which are lumped together in two-point statistics, making it particularly useful for probing modifications of gravity or expansion history. Our approach in Cataneo et. al. 2021 extends the success of Large Deviation Theory for predicting the matter PDF in $Λ$CDM in these ''extended'' cosmologies. A Fisher forecast demonstrates the information content in the matter PDF via constraints for a Euclid-like survey volume combining the 3D matter PDF with the 3D matter power spectrum. Adding the matter PDF halves the uncertainties on parameters in an evolving dark energy model, relative to the power spectrum alone. Additionally, the matter PDF contains enough non-linear information to substantially increase the detection significance of departures from General Relativity, with improvements up to six times the power spectrum alone. This analysis demonstrates that the matter PDF is a promising non-Gaussian statistic for extracting cosmological information, particularly for beyond $Λ$CDM models.
LazyFTL: a page-level flash translation layer optimized for NAND flash memory

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Flashisatypeofelectronicallyerasableprogrammablereadonly memory (EEPROM), which has many advantages over traditionalmagneticdisks,suchasloweraccesslatency,lower powerconsumption,lackofnoise,andshockresistance. However, due to its special characteristics, flash memory cannot be deployed directly in the place of traditional magnetic disks. The Flash TranslationLayer (FTL) is a software layer builtonrawflashmemorythatcarriesoutgarbagecollection and wear leveling strategies and hides the special characteristicsofflashmemoryfromupperfilesystemsbyemulatinga normal block device like magnetic disks. Most existing FTL schemes are optimized for some specific access patterns or bring about significant overhead of merge operations under certain circumstances. In this paper, we propose a novel FTL scheme named LazyFTL that exhibits low response latency and high scalability, and at the same time, eliminates the overhead of merge operations completely. Experimental results show that LazyFTL outperforms all the typical existing FTL schemes and is very close to the theoretically optimal solution. We also provide a basic design that assists LazyFTL to recover from system failures.
Uncover Fully Ignored Vital Bathymetric Data Mysteriously Hidden in Digital Elevation Model Combining with Remote Sensing Imagery (Part 2: Evidences of Globally Existing Bathymetric Data)

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

This interdisciplinary research originated from bathymetric modeling is composed of two parts of exploring how vital bathymetric data are generated by synthetic aperture radar and then hidden into digital elevation models during the period of unwrapping phase in phase shifting interferometry and terrain mapping. The part 1 focuses on theoretically explaining how the electromagnetic fields emitted by microwave antennas installed in satellites interact with molecular structure of chemical compounds in a large scale polluted lake using chemical analysis such as nuclear magnetic resonance which is hardly involved and discussed in the world. In the part 2, the more instances are offered to prove that such a phenomenon in remote sensing and corresponding bathymetric data can be found from all lakes and rivers worldly. The detected depths of water bodies are also affected by both meteorological factors and environmental factors. The discoveries can be extended to sea coast, the tides and ocean salinity are extra factors to influence on bathymetric data. The sea floors near coast can be hopefully detected if such digital elevation models are supplied. Except for them, other important relevant facts are discovered in image processing. Hence, a series of water bodies locating at high places of hills are melt into remotes sensing imageries. They are too difficult to be found as well, but they must be considered inbothanalyzing results of remote sensing and implementing the corresponding geometrical calculation which can be widely used into diverse engineering applications, otherwise fatal errors could happen.
Strangulated prolapse of the rectum. Report of a case

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Journal Article Strangulated prolapse of the rectum. Report of a case Get access C R Nhve C R Nhve Department of Surgery, University of Bristol Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Surgery, Volume 41, Issue 166, September 1953, Pages 221–222, https://doi.org/10.1002/bjs.18004116624 Published: 06 December 2005
lambda-Connectedness Determination for Image Segmentation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Image segmentation is to separate an image into distinct homogeneous regions belonging to different objects. It is an essential step in image analysis and computer vision. This paper compares some segmentation technologies and attempts to find an automated way to better determine the parameters for image segmentation, especially the connectivity value of $λ$ in $λ$-connected segmentation. Based on the theories on the maximum entropy method and Otsu's minimum variance method, we propose:(1)maximum entropy connectedness determination: a method that uses maximum entropy to determine the best $λ$ value in $λ$-connected segmentation, and (2) minimum variance connectedness determination: a method that uses the principle of minimum variance to determine $λ$ value. Applying these optimization techniques in real images, the experimental results have shown great promise in the development of the new methods. In the end, we extend the above method to more general case in order to compare it with the famous Mumford-Shah method that uses variational principle and geometric measure.
Beehive Coke

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

著者は先づ自らが多年に亘つて携つて來たビーハイブコークス工業の歴史の概略を述べたのち, 昭和10年に設計建設した工場の設備, 作業並びに製品コークス等に就て詳述し, 併せて大正8年から昭和17年に至る間の主なる使用石炭及びそのコークスの工業分析結果を一括して示した。之と共に著者はビーハイブ炉の特徴として構造が簡單なこと, 築炉及び作業の容易なこと等と共に製品コークスが鑄物用として, 他の副産物回收炉めそれに比し極めて優れている点に就いて再認識を要望した。
Factors Associated With Perceived Effectiveness of Local Long-Term

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objectives: Long-term care (LTC) ombudsmen advocate for the health, safety, welfare, and rights of residents in LTC facilities. This article examines factors associated with self-rated effectiveness of local LTC Ombudsman Programs (LTCOPs) in California and New York across the five statutorily mandated activities under the Older Americans Act: complaint investigation, resident/family education, community education, monitoring laws, and policy advocacy. Method: Data were collected from telephone interviews with coordinators of local LTCOPs in California and New York and from the National Ombudsman Reporting System. Analyses examined factors associated with effectiveness: program
Function Follows Form: Exploring Two-Dimensional Supramolecular Assembly at Surfaces

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Two-dimensional surface structures formed by organic self-assembly offer an efficient route to bottom-up assembly of tailored nanostructures. Organic building blocks are especially interesting because of the wide variety of structures and properties that can be "built-in" at the synthesis stage. Well-controlled studies of these systems under ultrahigh vacuum conditions allow a careful look at the fundamental properties and relevant kinetic growth limitations. Further work will develop our understanding of the functionality of the systems and their potential use in technological applications.
Hypertrophische Polyneuropathie bei der Katze

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Summary Hypertrophic polyneuropathy in the cat In two unrelated cats one year of age, a Carthusian male and a Tortoiseshell female, a systemic hypertrophic polyneuropathy was diagnosed. Clinical symptoms of this progressive disorder of unknown genesis were intention tremor, mild sensory abnormalities, retarded tendon reflexes and deficits in postural reactions. Light and electron microscopy of the peripheral cerebrospinal and autonomic nervous system showed atrophy and disturbed regeneration of myelin sheaths with onion bulb formation, distinct endoneural collagenization, and ‐ in cerebrospinal nerves only ‐ mucoid masses among and beneath the inner perineural layers. Axonal changes were rare, and occurred mostly in the late stages of myelin sheath degradation. The CNS as well as intra‐ and extrafusal muscle fibres were of normal structural appearance. The disease resembles morphologically the hereditary sensomotor hypertrophic neuropathy HMSN I in man and — to a lesser degree — the inherited hypertrophic neuropathy in the Tibetan Mastiff dog. Zusammenfassung Bei zwei einjährigen Katzen, einer männlichen Kartäuserkatze und einer weiblichen Schildpattkatze, wurde eine systemische hypertrophische Polyneuropathie beobachtet. Die klinischen Symptome dieses progressiven Leidens unbekannter Genese waren Intentionstremor, geringgradige Sensibilitätsstörungen, verzögerte Sehnenreflexe und gestörte bzw. undeutliche Stellreflexe. Die licht‐und elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchung des peripheren cerebrospinalen und vegetativen Nervensystems zeigt Atrophie und gestörte Regeneration der Myelinscheiden unter Ausbildung von “onion bulb formations”, ferner ausgeprägte endoneurale Kollagenzubildung und — in cerebrospinalen Nerven — mukoides Material zwischen und unter den inneren Schichten des Perineuriums. Axonveränderungen sind nur vereinzelt in Spätstadien des Markscheidenabbaus festzustellen. ZNS sowie intra‐ und extrafusale Muskelfasern sind durchweg regelrecht. Das beschriebene Krankheitsbild stimmt morphologisch mit dem der hereditären motorisch sensiblen hypertrophischen Neuropathie HMSN I des Menschen und — mit Einschränkungen — dem der hereditären hypertrophischen Neuropathie beim Tibetanischen Mastiff‐Hund überein.
Factor Endowment, Structural Change, and Economic Growth

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper aims (1) to test the endowment-based structural change theory proposed by recent studies such as Acemoglu & Guerrieri (2008) and Ju, Lin & Wang (2009); and (2) to explore the linkage between structural coherence and economic growth. By structural coherence, I refer to the degree that a country’s industrial structure optimally reflects its factor endowment fundamentals.

Using data from 27 industries across 15 countries, I examine whether higher capital endowment is associated with larger sizes in capital intensive industries for overall fixed capital as well as for three detailed categories of capital – information and communication technology capital (ICT), non-residential structure, and machinery. For the overall capital, I found that the real and nominal output share and employment share of capital intensive industries were significantly bigger with higher initial capital endowment and with faster capital accumulation. This result also applies to ICT capital and partially applies to machinery and structure capital. In addition, the labor income share of capital intensive industries is found to be negatively associated with capital endowment and capital accumulation in most types of capital, which provides one way to understand the relationship between structural change and the decline of labor income share in many sample countries during recent decades. Finally, I test whether a higher level of coherence between capital endowment and industrial structure is related to better economic growth performance. The result shows a significantly positive relationship between a country’s aggregate output growth and the degree of structural coherence in all types of capital. Quantitatively, the structural coherence with respect to the overall capital explains about 35% of the growth differential among sample countries.

The results of the paper are mostly robust to alternative measure of capital intensity, to controls for other industry characteristics such as human capital and degree of value-added, and to controls for other determinants of structural change on both demand side and supply side.
Density‐Dependent Foraging and Interference Competition by Common Gartersnakes are Temperature Dependent

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract The ideal free distribution (IFD) predicts that optimal foragers will select foraging patches to maximize food rewards and that groups of foragers should thus be distributed between food patches in proportion to the availability of food in those patches. Because many of the underlying mechanisms of foraging are temperature dependent in ectotherms, the distribution of ectothermic foragers between food patches may similarly depend on temperature because the difference in fitness rewards between these patches may change with temperature. We tested the hypothesis that the distribution of Common Gartersnakes ( Thamnophis sirtalis ) between food patches can be explained by an IFD, but that conformance to an IFD weakens as temperature departs from the optimal temperature because fitness rewards, interference competition and the number of individuals foraging are highest at the optimal temperature. First, we determined the optimal temperature for foraging. Second, we examined group foraging at three temperatures and three density treatments. Search time was optimized at 27°C, handling time at 29°C and digestion time at 32°C. Gartersnakes did not match an IFD at any temperature, but their distribution did change with temperature: snakes at 20°C and at 30°C selected both food patches equally, while snakes at 25°C selected the low food patch more at low density and the high food patch more at high density. Food consumption and competition increased with temperature, and handling time decreased with temperature. Temperature therefore had a strong impact on foraging, but did not affect the IFD. Future work should examine temperature‐dependent foraging in ectotherms that are known to match an IFD.
Additions and Corrections - Conformations of Cyclic Peptides. The Folding of Cyclic Dipeptides Containing an Aromatic Side Chain

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAdditions and Corrections - Conformations of Cyclic Peptides. The Folding of Cyclic Dipeptides Containing an Aromatic Side Chain Kenneth Kopple and David MarrCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1968, 90, 4, 1094Publication Date (Print):February 14, 1968Publication History Published online6 May 2004Published inissue 14 February 1968https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01006a612RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views21Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (139 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Formation of Corrosion Resistant Mg(OH)2 Film Containing Mg-Al Layered Double Hydroxide on Mg Alloy Using Steam Coating

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

In recent years, a reduction in weight of materials is highly desirable in the fields of transport industry and information technology devices. Magnesium (Mg) alloys have excellent physical and mechanical properties such as low density, good electromagnetic shielding, and high strength/weight ratio. Unfortunately, they have a great issue that is low corrosion. Thus, it is very important to develop surface treatment technologies to improve the corrosion resistance of magnesium alloys. Many surface treatments such as chemical conversion, anodic oxidization, and electroplating have been developed. However, there processes require multi-step pretreatments and waste liquid treatments. Thus, the development of a simple, easy, and low-cost surface treatment is highly desirable. In this paper, we report a novel preparation method of anticorrosive film on Mg alloy by steam coating and the corrosion resistance of the film. The prepared films were characterized by XRD, SEM, EDX, and electrochemical measurements. Polarization curve measurements demonstrated that the Ecorr and icorr values were found to be most positive potential and lowest current density in all the samples, indicating that the sample had best corrosion resistant performance.
Utility of Mixed-Ligand Alkylaluminum Reagents in the Formation of Mixed-Metal Yttrium and Lanthanide Aluminum Compounds

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTUtility of Mixed-Ligand Alkylaluminum Reagents in the Formation of Mixed-Metal Yttrium and Lanthanide Aluminum CompoundsWilliam J. Evans, Mohammad A. Ansari, and Joseph W. ZillerCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1995, 34, 11, 3079–3082Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00115a039https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00115a039research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views106Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
ASPECTS OF VEGETATIVE PROPAGATION IN THE FETEASCĂ NEAGRĂ VARIETY IN GREENHOUSE CONDITIONS

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The Fetească Neagră variety is a native vine variety that is part of the varieties for high quality red wines, with high growth power, increased resistance to frost and drought, but sensitive to manna and powdery mildew. This paper presents aspects related to vegetative propagation by cuttings in this grape variety, using several rooting substrates without applying rooting stimulants. The cuttings were harvested from the plantation at the Banu Mărăcine Research Station, and the experiments were placed in the Greenhouse Complex of the "Alexandru Buia" Botanical Garden of the University of Craiova. The following variants were used for rooting the cuttings: water (control), peat (V1), peat + perlite 2:1 (V2), sand (V3), mold leaf (V4). Sprouts and leaf formation recorded the highest values in the control variant (water), followed by variant V4 (mold leaf) and variant V3 (sand).
Craniofacial tissues including tooth buds in fetal hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

OBJECTIVE: Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (HED) comprises defects in hair, teeth, and sweat glands. Disturbances in other ectodermal tissues have been associated with the condition. Our objective was to examine ectodermal craniofacial structures histologically in a fetus with HED and to compare the findings to similar structures in normal control fetuses. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A male fetus diagnosed with HED was therapeutically aborted in the 15th week of gestation. One male and two female healthy fetuses were used as normal controls. All fetuses were examined with parental consent, and had comparable sizes. Their bone maturation stage in the hand was identical. Tissue blocks from the craniofacial region were excised from all fetuses and prepared for histological analysis (formalin fixed, stained with toluidine blue or Alcian blue). The tissues examined were: tooth buds, skin and skin appendages, oral mucosa including minor salivary glands, major salivary glands, lacrimal glands, and adenohypophysis. RESULTS: Fewer tooth buds, minor salivary glands, and hair follicles were observed in the HED fetus as compared to controls. The structures of the epidermal components in the developing HED organs were loose and disorganised. The adhesion between the ectodermal and mesenchymal organ components in the HED fetus seemed to be disturbed.
Antioxidant defenses in the coelomic fluid of Echinometra lucunter (Linnaeus, 1758) stimulated with bacterial inoculums

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Phagocytosis is a first-line cellular response mediated by specialized cells denominated coelomocytes- amoebocytes. This process allows for the inclusion of extraneous particles or microorganisms, which are eliminated by the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In order to evaluate the antioxidant defense system in the coelomic fluid (CF) of E. lucunter under elevated phagocytic activity (PA), three bacterial strains were inoculated separately, via peristomial membrane: E. coli, V. parahaemolyticus and M. lysodeikticus. The phagocytic capacity (PC), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, levels of lipoperoxidation (LPO), sulphydryl groups (-SH) and proteins were determined at 16 h post-injection. In addition, the time of righting response of each individual was noted. The PA, CAT, and proteins showed increments in the organisms inoculated with bacteria. The LPO, SOD, and -SH levels showed no variations among the experimental organisms. The time of righting response showed slight variations in the bacteria-stimulated organisms, as well as a low percentage of lost and reduced movements of their spines and tube feet. The PA and proteins in CF of E. lucunter show the effectiveness of the immune system in the presence of microbial stimulants. Results indicate that CAT plays a preponderant role in the CF to avoid changes in the antioxidant status, associated with the respiratory burst during elevated phagocytic activities. Antioxidant responses of E. lucunter immunostimulated by bacteria may guarantee their survival in their natural habitat.