jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Fidelity of Problem-Solving Implementation and Relationship to Student Performance

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This study examined the fidelity of problem-solving implementation by multidisciplinary teams (MDTs) in 227 schools and the relationship to student outcomes. Judgments about fidelity of problem-solving implementation and student goal attainment were derived from independent ratings of work products submitted by MDTs. Highest fidelity scores were evident for "Behavioral Definition of the Problem" and "Clearly Identified Goal;" lowest fidelity scores were demonstrated for "Hypothesized Reason for the Problem" and "Treatment Integrity." Ratings of student goal attainment indicated positive student change during problem-solving implementation. Statistically significant but modest correlation coefficients were demonstrated between ratings of student outcomes and ratings of six of the eight problem-solving components. Stepwise multiple regression of student outcome ratings on ratings of implementation fidelity demonstrated that two problem-solving components ("Clearly Identified Goal" and "Data Indicating Student Response to Intervention") were significant predictors, accounting for 8% of the variance in student outcome (F=11.09, p <.001).
Stabilimenta attract unwelcome predators to orb–webs

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Conspicuous behaviour exposes animals to predation; prey-attraction thus often conflicts with antipredator behaviour. The fact that a conspicuous ultraviolet-light reflecting silken structure in the orb-webs of certain spider species, known as a stabilimentum, makes the webs obvious to both prey and predators has been used to argue that spiders benefit from building stabilimenta by attracting prey and/or defending against visually hunting predators. Here, we provide experimental evidence that stabilimenta can act as visual signals that attract web-invading spider-eating predators with acute vision to the webs. We also show that the predators can learn to remember a particular type of stabilimentum. Thus, stabilimentum-building spiders risk a high level of predation by attracting visually hunting predators.
Middle Mesial Canals Prevalence percentage and Its Configuration type with "Egyptian subpopulation" by CBCT

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

The Aims of This Study: were to detect the middle mesial canals (MMCs) prevalence in mandibular 1st molars, its configuration type, and its percentage of incidence with age by Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) analysis. Methods: CBCT scan of 1650 patients were observed between January 2021 to February 2022 were collected using the CBCT imaging system from the database of the department of oral radiology, faculty of dental medicine, Al-Azhar University - Assiut branch. CBCT scan images were analyzed by Sidexis software. CBCT images were examined to detect the following: (1) The percentage of incidence frequency of the MMCs, (2) MMCs classification, and (3) Frequency of occurrence of MMCs according to age. Results: The incidence frequency percentage of the presence of MMCs among the Egyptian population was 10.79 % (208/1926) with no statistically significant due to gender, While MMCs configuration types showed 77% (160/208) confluent anatomy merging with either the mesio buccal or mesio lingual canals, 16.3% (34/208) fin anatomy and only 6.7% (14/208) showed independent MMCs with separate orifices and apical foramen. lastly the incidence frequency percentage of the presence of MMCs decreases with age. Conclusions: The MMCs prevalence in mandibular 1st molars among some Egyptian population was 10.79%, and CBCT scan is helpful way to detect the presence of MMCs.
Development of an Air Electric Compressor for a No-Bleed Environmental Control System of an Advanced Regional Aircraft

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

BACKGROUND: Aircraft designers strive to increase the fuel efficiency of aircrafts, including increasing the efficiency of aviation environmental control systems (ECS) by introducing an autonomous source of compressed air with an electric drive as part of aircraft. AIM: The present paper aimed to consideration of the results of research work (RD) of the technologies demonstrator for the electric compressor of the aircraft electric ECS and estimation of the performance and compliance of the simulated and experimental characteristics of this electric compressor. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Comparison of the simulated and experimental characteristics of the electric compressor of the electric ECS of the aircraft was carried out by confirming the compliance of the operating parameters of the technologies demonstrator for the electric compressor with those specified in the request for proposals (RFP), and by comparing the simulated and experimental values of the compression ratio of the compressor stage, isentropic coefficient of performance (COP), obtained during RD study. RESULTS: Information about the technical characteristics and design of the electric compressor is given and discussed. A comparative analysis of the presented simulated and experimental characteristics of the electric compressor has been carried out. CONCLUSIONS: Conclusions are drawn on the compliance of the compressor characteristics with the characteristics specified in the RFP; on the achieved level of readiness of the technology of the electric compressor for the electric ECS of the aircraft, on the need for experimental design work on the electric compressor, taking account of external influencing factors typical for an application as part of aviation equipment.
Changes in elements and magnetic properties of Sendai Bay sediments caused by the 2011 Tohoku‐oki tsunami

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Nearshore marine sediments deposited along island arcs can preserve evidence of past disaster events, such as tsunamis. Evidence of a tsunami that occurred off the Pacific coast of Tohoku, Japan, on March 11, 2011, was likely preserved in marine sediments. Using geochemical and rock magnetic analyses, this study aimed to investigate tsunami records preserved in marine sediments in Sendai Bay, located west of the epicenter of the 2011 Tohoku earthquake. We collected sediment samples at five stations (S‐1, S‐2, S‐3, S‐4, and S‐5) in Sendai Bay from 2002 to 2014. We compared the samples collected before and after the tsunami. We established that the silt component increased, while that of fine sand decreased at stations S‐3, S‐4, and S‐5 in the 2011 sediment sample. Notably, the concentrations of terrestrial and industrial metallic elements (Cu, Zn, and Pb) and total nitrogen, carbon, and sulfur amounts increased, while the magnetic susceptibility and isothermal remanent magnetization values decreased after the tsunami. We also found that Ti‐poor magnetite increased in the 2011 samples, indicating tsunami‐mediated changes. The study area experienced a large typhoon 6 months after the tsunami, leading to flooding. The elevation in the total organic carbon and total nitrogen ratio in the 2012 sample suggested that terrestrial organic matter was supplied by the flood.
Multispectral UV-Vis-IR imaging using low-cost quantum dot technology

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The current mainstay for short-wave infrared (SWIR) imaging is InGaAs-based focal plane arrays (FPAs). They provide excellent detectivity and low noise, but suffer from high costs, limited spectral response, and the same integration issues that limit array size for most inorganic FPA technologies. RTI has demonstrated a novel photodiode technology based on IR-absorbing, solution-processed colloidal quantum dots that can overcome the limitations of InGaAs FPAs. We have fabricated preliminary devices with quantum efficiencies exceeding 50%. These devices also show response times less than 10 μS, making them suitable for high speed imaging. The have demonstrated excellent linearity with over 40 dB of dynamic range. These devices are processed entirely at room temperature, and are compatible with monolithic integration onto readout ICs, thereby removing any limitation on device size. The process steps involve low-cost, high volume techniques that do not require sophisticated infrastructure, which should serve to dramatically reduce costs. This combination of high performance, dramatic cost reduction, and multispectral sensitivity is ideally suited to expand the use of SWIR imaging in current applications, as well as to address applications which require a multispectral sensitivity not met by existing technologies.
Comment on mr-2022-23

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Long-lived states (LLS) have lifetimes TLLS that can be much longer than longitudinal relaxation times T1. In molecules containing several geminal pairs of protons in neighbouring CH2 groups, it has been shown that delocalized long-lived states can be excited by converting magnetization into imbalances between the populations of singlet and triplet states of each pair. Since the yield of conversion of observable magnetization into LLS and back are on the order of 10 % or less if one uses spin-locked induced crossing (SLIC), it would be desirable to boost the sensitivity by dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization (d-DNP). To enhance the magnetization of nuclear spins by d-DNP, the analytes must be mixed with radicals such as 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-oxyl (TEMPOL) prior to freezing at low temperatures in the vicinity of 1 K. After dissolution, these radicals lead to an undesirable paramagnetic relaxation enhancement (PRE) which shortens not only the longitudinal relaxation times T1 but also the lifetimes TLLS of long-lived states. It is confirmed in this work that PRE by TEMPOL is less deleterious for LLS than for longitudinal magnetization for four different molecules: 2,2-dimethyl-2-silapentane-5-sulfonate (DSS), homotaurine, taurine, and acetylcholine. The relaxivities (i.e., the slopes of relaxation rates as a function of the radical concentration) of LLS rLLS are 3 to 5 times smaller than the relaxivities of longitudinal magnetization r1. Partial delocalization of the LLS across neighbouring CH2 groups may decrease this advantage, but in practice, this effect was observed to be minor when comparing taurine containing two CH2 groups and homotaurine with three CH2 groups. Regardless of whether the LLS are delocalized or not, it is shown that PRE should not be a major problem for experiments combining d DNP and LLS, provided the concentration of paramagnetic species after dissolution does not exceed 1 mM, a condition that is readily fulfilled in typical d-DNP experiments. In bullet d-DNP experiments, however, it may be necessary to reduce TEMPOL by adding ascorbate or using lower concentrations of TEMPOL.
Advanced open angle glaucoma with controlled intraocular pressure and cataract: one‐year predictive model of glaucoma progression after surgical treatment.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Purpose To identify the predictive factors of midterm postoperative course in patients with visually significant cataract and advanced open angle glaucoma with intraocular pressure controlled on topical medications. Methods 55 patients with visually significant cataract and advanced open angle glaucoma (visual field Mean Deviation (MD)≤‐12dB) and intraocular pressure(IOP)≤21mmHg on topical medications were prospectively studied(longitudinal data analysis).32 patients undergone phacoemulsification alone versus 23 patients undergoing combined phaco‐trabeculectomy. Main outcome measures: IOP(mmHg), visual acuity(VA)(logMAR), MD(dB), number of antiglaucoma medications needed postoperatively. Follow‐up 1 year. Results The combined surgery provided more IOP reduction (‐5.76(‐7 to ‐4.5) mmHg) (p<0.001) and allowed the reduction of antiglaucoma medications postop by 2.2(2.7 to 1.8) (p<0.001). VA improvement was more by the time elapsed (p=0.014) and preoperative MD (p=0.006) and less by the presence of relative afferent pupillary defect(RAPD)(p<0.001). The MD change was related to the preoperative MD (p<0.001) while Cup‐Disc Ratio had a negative effect on postoperative MD change (p=0.001). The presence of RAPD reduced the MD change (p=0.052) while patients with pseudoexfoliation syndrome and women showed improvement in their MD postoperatively (p=0.038 and p=0.021, respectively). Conclusion type of operation is the main predictive factor of the IOP change and number of antiglaucoma medication reduction. VA improvement is related to severe damage of the optic nerve and visual field change is related to the degree of glaucomatous damage of the optic nerve.
ON THE RHEOLOGICAL MODEL OF STEELS AT ELEVATED TEMPERATURES

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Mechanical properties of steels ZG15CrMoV and 35 in the temperature range of 500 to 1400℃ have been experimently researched by means of Gleeble-1500.The experi- mental results is used as input-output responses,a rhelological model with five elements of the mechanical behaviour of steels ZG15CrMoV and 35 at elevated temperatures, i.e[M]=[H_1]-[H_2/[N_2]-[S/N_3],is determined by a system identification method,and the parameters of the model in the temperature range are also identified.
Be(coming) the Change You Want to See in the World: Social Justice Teacher Education as Affective Craft

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This dissertation begins from the difficulty faced by the field of social justice teacher education (SJTE) in setting itself apart from other aspects of teacher education. SJTE’s history of internal and external evidence pressures has distracted the field from reckoning with ‘social justice’ as a moving horizon and not a static outcome against which it can be found effective. If ‘social justice’ cannot be the outcome holding SJTE together and apart from other kinds of teacher education, how does SJTE work? To answer this question, I use Deleuzo-Guattarian and affect theories to position SJTE as an assemblage: an ever-becoming whole composed of the relations among its non-sovereign yet affecting/affected components. In the first analytical chapter, I assemble what SJTE is, does and wants by analyzing 58 field-defining texts. Regardless of what SJTE may say about itself, the field is characterized by an affective capacity to inhabit irresolvable tensions; this capacity expresses assemblage becoming and, therefore, an incremental conception of social change. The second and third analytical chapters analyze the SJTE-assemblage at the level of everyday life. Through multi-sensory fieldwork at education conferences and experimental conversations with practitioners, I tracked moments of intensity bordering on rupture. These were frequently events unthinkable among ‘equity experts’ yet recalling familiar forms of student resistance. In the second chapter, I investigate what happens at these thresholds where SJTE threatens to come apart. In the third chapter, I assemble an emergent theory of resistance that challenges prevailing conceptions of SJTE practice ‘gone wrong.’ My findings reveal the implicit ways in which SJTE reckons with ‘social justice’ as a moving horizon. Although SJTE tends toward political and conceptual rigidity, I identified its enacted and unspoken flexibility in how e.g., race or sexuality can emerge otherwise in everyday life. This capacity of openness to the surprises of social difference or difference-to-come is a pivotal yet unnamed contribution of the field that is expressed in its craft. I conclude by envisioning how SJTE might explicitly attend to depth – the sovereign political will of teachers as agents of social change – and surface: what is affective, implicit and pre-personal.
Setting Prices on Priceline

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Priceline is best known for its name-your-own-price format, in which consumers bid for services but not for service providers. Because Priceline serves as an opaque selling mechanism, it attracts price-conscious consumers. Sellers also benefit because they can price into multiple market segments without worrying that they are diluting revenue they might receive from customers who are willing to use conventional selling channels and pay more. A firm that releases its inventory to Priceline must manage the trade-off of pricing its inventory too low (and forgoing revenue) versus pricing it too high and forgoing a sale. In this paper, we outline the mechanism that Priceline uses to determine if customer bids are successful and, given this mechanism, establishes optimal prices and inventory allocations for Kimpton Hotels.
First time adoption of IFRS 15 “Revenue from contracts with customers“: the case of Lithuanian listed companies

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Revenue accounting is one of the most important areas of financial accounting. Revenue is one of the key absolute financial ratios that reflects the economic benefits generated by entities that result in increased shareholders‘ equity. This article investigates the first time adoption of new IFRS 15 “Revenue from contracts with customers“ which in International financial reporting standards (hereinafter – IFRS) system is mandatory to apply starting from 1 January 2018. The new IFRS 15 supersedes the previous international accounting standards regulating revenue recognition and introduces a conceptual 5-step revenue recognition model. The purpose of this article is to evaluate the impact of the first-time adoption of IFRS 15 “Revenue from contracts with customers“ on the financial statements of Lithuanian listed companies. This purpose is achieved while using the following research methods: analysis of International financial reporting standards (IFRS) and scientific literature, as well as analysis of the content of financial statements. An empirical study revealed that the first-time adoption of IFRS 15 had no material impact on the financial statements of Lithuanian listed companies. Most of the companies surveyed applied the standard using a simplified retrospective modified method and did not pay much attention to the disclosure of first-time adoption. For those affected by the standard, the effect was mostly notable in the following areas: reclassifications of commissions and brokerage fees, changes in revenue recognition principles from the revenue recognition over a time to revenue recognition at specific point in time and vice versa.
First results of the data acquisition and analysis of microclimate conditions in Barranquilla, Colombia

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The change of urban climate influences how cities will develop in the future, not only because of the impact on the energy consumption of buildings or on the environment, but also on human thermal comfort. For growing cities in tropical climates, urban microclimate becomes a relevant aspect for the design and planning of future developments. Urban ‘climate-sensitive’ design is defined as a process that considers the fundamental elements of microclimates (e.g., solar radiation, wind, air temperature) for design purposes. This concept is applied not only to benefit from the existing urban microclimate but also to mitigate it’s already stressed conditions and decrease the negative effects through design and planning [Tapias and Schmitt, 2014]. However, this concept requires a more scientific approach to evaluate its true meaning [Berger, 2014], which implies a method of inquiry that must be based on empirical and measurable evidence subject to specific principles of reasoning [Tapias and Schmitt, 2014].
Effects of UV-B radiation on the antagonistic ability of Clonostachys rosea to Botrytis cinerea on strawberry leaf disc

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Human activities are altering the concentrations of ozone in the troposphere and hence in the incidence of ultraviolet-B (UV-B) on Earth’s surface. Although representing only five percent of UV-B radiation striking the Earth's surface, this radiation has the potential to cause effects on biologically active molecules. Sensitivity to UV-B radiation is one of the limitations of biological control of plant pathogens in the field. The objectives of this work were to evaluate the effects of UV-B on several isolates of Clonostachys rosea, and the ability of an isolate of C. rosea, previously selected for its tolerant to UV-B radiation, to control Botrytis cinerea on strawberry leaves in controlled conditions (strawberry leaf discs). The germination of C. rosea conidia was inversely proportional to the irradiance. The most tolerant strain (LQC62) had relative germination of about 60% after irradiation of 4.2kJ/m2, and this strain was selected to be used in the subsequent studies. The data showed that even with exposure to UV-B radiation, C. rosea LQC62 controlled the pathogen. Conidial concentrations of strain LQC62 above 105 conidia/ml showed higher tolerance to UV-B radiation and increased ability to control more than 75% of the B. cinerea even with exposure to radiation. According to our results, in addition to showing less growth under UV-B, conidia of C. rosea had lower antagonistic ability. Further studies are needed to observe the tolerance of B. cinerea conidia to UV-B radiation and thereby prove that an environment with increased UV-B radiation may be favoring the pathogen due to a lower ability of C. rosea to control the pathogen in conditions of increased UV-B.
Synthesis, Molecular Modeling, and Selective Inhibitory Activity against Human Monoamine Oxidases of 3-Carboxamido-7-Substituted Coumarins

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

A large series of 3-carboxamido-7-substituted coumarins have been synthesized and tested in vitro for their human monoamine oxidase A and B (hMAO-A and hMAO-B) inhibitory activity. Taking into account all the relevant structural information on MAOs reported in the literature, we made some changes in the coumarin nucleus and examined with particular attention the effect on activity and selectivity of substituting at position 3 with N-aryl or N-alkyl carboxamide and at position 7 with a benzyloxy or a 4'-F-benzyloxy group. Some of the assayed compounds proved to be potent, selective inhibitors of hMAO-B with IC(50) values in the micromolar range. To better understand the enzyme-inhibitor interaction and to explain the selectivity of the most active compounds toward hMAOs, molecular modeling studies were carried out on new, high resolution, hMAO-A and hMAO-B crystallographic structures.
The relationship between health attitudes, beliefs, health locus of control and use of breast cancer screening modalities in elderly Hispanic women

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

A non-experimental design was used to examine the relationship between health attitudes, beliefs, locus of control and the use of breast cancer screening modalities in elderly Hispanic women in this pilot study. Leininger's Theory of Culture Care Diversity and Universality and the Health Belief Model were the supporting theoretical frameworks. Research was conducted at the Amigos del Valle senior centers in Hidalgo County and included 52 English-speaking elderly Hispanic volunteer participants. Instruments used for data collection were the Health Care Attitudes and Beliefs Scale and the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Scale. Results of this study revealed that there appears to be a relationship between age and an attitude of fatalism in elderly Hispanic women and the use of breast cancer screenings by elderly Hispanic women. Recommendations for further research regarding cultural congruent care among elderly Hispanic women are given.