jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Collective efficacy as a mediator of the association between interpersonal relationships and athlete satisfaction in team sports

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to examine whether collective efficacy can mediate the association between (a) coach-athlete relationship and athlete satisfaction and (b) team cohesion and athlete satisfaction. The sample consisted of 135 Greek-Cypriot athletes who participated in interactive sports and responded to four questionnaires including the Collective Efficacy Questionnaire for Sport, Greek Coach-Athlete Relationship Questionnaire, Group Environment Questionnaire and three subscales of the Athlete Satisfaction Questionnaire. The results from a series of regression analyses indicated that dimensions of collective efficacy have the capacity to explain the association between the quality of the coach-athlete relationship and athlete satisfaction as well as between team cohesion and athlete satisfaction. Unity, preparation, and ability were dimensions of collective efficacy that appeared to be the best mediators. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Nervous function after right hemispherectomy

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

A hemispherectomy was performed on a girl of 20 because of progressively uncontrollable seizures and behavioral changes resulting from major head trauma at the age of five. Psychomotor development up to this age had been normal. Today she shows little impairment in higher nervous function depending on the ablated hemisphere. Left-sided motor performance has improved and sensory deficit is scant. There is no hemianopia and the right eye visual field is enlarged. Dichotic listening shows left ear preference and no lesion effect. These findings suggest that significant and positive adaptation may occur in mature brain.
Direct Effects of Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone and Its Antagonist upon Ovarian Functions Stimulated by FSH, Prolactin, and LH1

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The role of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) and its antagonist, [D-pGlu1, D-Phe2-DTrp3,6] GnRH, in the direct regulation of ovarian functions was studied in vivo and in vitro. Immature hypophysectomized rats were treated twice daily with FSH in the presence or absence of 30 μg GnRH or 500 μg antagonist or both. GnRH inhibited FSH stimulation of ovarian weight as well as LH receptor content and aromatase activity in the ovarian granulosa cells. In contrast, concomitant treatment with the antagonist blocked the inhibitory effect of GnRH. In cultured granulosa cells, GnRH treatment resulted in time-dependent inhibition of FSH-induced increase in estrogen and progesterone production, whereas addition of the antagonist to these cells reversed the inhibitory effect of GnRH in a time-related manner. Priming with FSH for 2 days in vitro induced functional PRL and LH receptors. Subsequent treatment with PRL for 2 days stimulated progesterone production and LH receptor content of these cells in vitro. PRL stimulation of LH receptor and progesterone production was inhibited by GnRH, whereas concomitant treatment with the antagonist blocked the GnRH inhibition. The GnRH inhibition of PRL-stimulated progesterone production was time-dependent and the addition of the antagonist to cells treated with PRL and GnRH reversed the GnRH inhibition in a time-related manner. LH treatment of FSH-primed granulosa cells stimulated both estrogen and progesterone production, whereas GnRH inhibited the LH-stimulated steroidogenesis. In contrast, concomitant treatment with the antagonist blocked the GnRH inhibition of the LH effect. Furthermore, the antagonist blocked the GnRH inhibition of cholera toxin-induced estrogen and progesterone production in cultured granulosa cells. These results demonstrate the direct inhibitory effect of GnRH upon ovarian functions maintained by FSH, LH, PRL, and cholera toxin and the ability of a GnRH antagonist to block the GnRH inhibition in a time- and dose-related manner.
Understanding Causal Relationships in Food Webs Using “Data-Rich Problem” Tasks

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

We used a design-based research approach to develop “data-rich problem” (DRP) tasks intended to support middle and high school students in constructing knowledge about food webs and ecosystem dynamics, specifically the effects of species loss. The marine environment is used for context to promote an understanding of interdependent ecological relationships and the nonlinear and sustaining effects of loss of species. The Food Web DRP tasks we describe are designed for classroom implementation in alignment with the Next Generation Science Standards. The intended time frame for implementation is five days (assuming 50-minute class periods).
CATALYTIC UNIT OF ADENYLATE CYCLASE: REDUCED ACTIVITY IN AGED-HUMAN LYMPHOCYTES

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Lymphocyte adenylate cylase activity is reduced in aging man, despite unaltered beta-adrenergic receptor characteristics. To define the component of human lymphocyte adenylate cyclase which is reduced in aging, we assessed nucleotide-regulatory protein (N-protein) function by complementation of eye- S49 mouse lymphoma cells and catalytic unit activity by forskolin stimulation. Within the enzyme complex, N-protein function is unchanged, while catalytic unit activity is 3.6 fold greater in young than elderly. The decreased responsiveness to catecholamines seen in aging man may be due, in some tissues, to reduced adenylate cyclase activity, specifically, the catalytic unit of the enzyme complex.
Is social cognitive training efficient in autism? A pilot single-case study using the RC2S+ program

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

In high-functioning autism, deficits in emotional processing and theory of mind are relevant to understanding the particularities of social functioning. Here we used a multiple baseline and ABA single-case design to assess the efficacy of an individualized social cognitive training program using both pen-and-paper and computerized materials for an 18-year old patient. After the treatment phase, we found significant improvement in both emotional processes and theory of mind. These results provide further significant data showing that therapeutic tools based on digital relational simulation are a promising way for helping people with autism to compensate for their impaired social functioning.
[Mental conflicts and high school structure].

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Erfahrungen in einer psychotherapeutischen Beratung fur Studierende – einem »seelischen Hauptverbandsplatz« der studentischen Protestbewegung – leiten den Autor bei seinem Versuch, institutionelle Gegebenheiten (das neurotogene Hochschulklima), internationale politische Auseinandersetzungen (wie die Pariser Mairevolte oder die Okkupation der UdSSR im Jahre 1968) und kollektiv-psychologische Prozesse – also wesentlich objektive Bedingungen, als Matrix und auslosenden Faktor der studentischen Neurosen zu Bewustsein zu bringen. Lange Zeit wurde die psychische Notlage der Studentenschaft weder von der Offentlichkeit noch von den Betroffenen selbst als Problem der Gesellschaft erkannt. Mahler interpretiert – in einer Situation, wo die hochgespannten Hoffnungen, die in der Pariser Mairevolte des vergangenen Jahres zum Ausdruck kamen, einstweilen unerfullt geblieben sind, und die Vater wieder erfolgreich ihre aufsassigen Sohne prugeln – die politischen Kampfe und die generationsspezifischen Neurosen als Gestehungskosten einer Suche nach neuen Lebensmoglichkeiten, die der bestehenden Gesellschaft abgetrotzt werden mussen.
QEML (Quantum Enhanced Machine Learning): Using Quantum Computing to Enhance ML Classifiers and Feature Spaces

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Machine learning and quantum computing are two technologies that are causing a paradigm shift in the performance and behavior of certain algorithms, achieving previously unattainable results. Machine learning (kernel classification) has become ubiquitous as the forefront method for pattern recognition and has been shown to have numerous societal applications. While not yet fault-tolerant, Quantum computing is an entirely new method of computation due to its exploitation of quantum phenomena such as superposition and entanglement. While current machine learning classifiers like the Support Vector Machine are seeing gradual improvements in performance, there are still severe limitations on the efficiency and scalability of such algorithms due to a limited feature space which makes the kernel functions computationally expensive to estimate. By integrating quantum circuits into traditional ML, we may solve this problem through the use of quantum feature space, a technique that improves existing Machine Learning algorithms through the use of parallelization and the reduction of the storage space from exponential to linear. This research expands on this concept of the Hilbert space and applies it for classical machine learning by implementing the quantum-enhanced version of the K nearest neighbors algorithm. This paper first understands the mathematical intuition for the implementation of quantum feature space and successfully simulates quantum properties and algorithms like Fidelity and Grover's Algorithm via the Qiskit python library and the IBM Quantum Experience platform. The primary experiment of this research is to build a noisy variational quantum circuit KNN (QKNN) which mimics the classification methods of a traditional KNN classifier. The QKNN utilizes the distance metric of Hamming Distance and is able to outperform the existing KNN on a 10-dimensional Breast Cancer dataset.
Determinants of the occurrence of financial distress in medium-sized and big public jointstock companies

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Forecasting financial distress in companies is very significant bearing in mind the complexity and dynamics of the modern business environment. Accordingly, the subject matter of this research study is the determinants of the occurrence of the financial distress that may lead a company to bankruptcy. The study is aimed at determining the interdependence (correlation) between certain determinants of the occurrence of financial distress and the indicators of the probability of the occurrence of financial distress and considering the difference in the probability of the occurrence of financial distress before and after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of Serbia. The research was conducted on a sample of 73 publicly traded companies, of which 22 belong to the group of big companies, and 51 to the group of medium-sized companies over the 2018-2022 period. The results have shown that there is a statistically significant negative correlation between the determinants of profitability, liquidity and solvency and the probability of financial distress. In addition, it was shown that there is a statistically significant positive correlation between leverage and the probability of financial distress, as well as between company growth and the Altman Z-score indicator. It is concluded that there is a statistically significant difference in the value of the Altman Z-score indicator before and after the onset of the pandemic caused by the COVID-19 virus.
Role of Neutrophils in the Pathogenesis of Acute Inflammatory Liver Injury

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (neutrophils) are essential in the defense against invading microorganisms, tissue trauma or any inciting inflammatory signals. Hepatic infiltration of neutrophils is an acute response to recent or ongoing liver injury, hepatic stress or unknown systemic inflammatory signals. Once neutrophils reach the liver, they can cause mild-to-severe tissue damage and consequent liver failure. For neutrophils to appear in the liver, neutrophils have to undergo systemic activation (priming) by inflammatory mediators such as cytokines, chemokines, complement factors, immune complexes, opsonized particles and other biologically active molecules, e.g., platelet activating factor. Neutrophils accumulated in the hepatic microvasculature (sinusoids and postsinusoidal venules) can extravasate (transmigrate) into the hepatic parenchyma if they receive a signal from distressed cells. Transmigration can be mediated by a chemokine gradient established towards the hepatic parenchyma and generally involves orchestration by adhesion molecules on neutrophils (β 2 integrins) and on endothelial cells (intracellular adhesion molecules, ICAM-1). After transmigration, neutrophils adhere to distressed hepatocytes through their β 2 integrins and ICAM-1 expressed on hepatocytes. Neutrophil contact with hepatocytes mediate oxidative killing of hepatocytes by initiation of respiratory burst and neutrophil degranulation leading to hepatocellular oncotic necrosis. Neutrophil-mediated liver injury has been demonstrated in a variety of diseases and chemical/drug toxicities. Relevant examples are discussed in this review.
Inhibition by forskolin of insulin-stimulated glucose transport in L6 muscle cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The cardioactive diterpene forskolin is a known activator of adenylate cyclase, but recently a specific interaction of this compound with the glucose transporter has been identified that results in the inhibition of glucose transport in several human and rat cell types. We have compared the sensitivity of basal and insulin-stimulated hexose transport to inhibition by forskolin in skeletal muscle cells of the L6 line. Forskolin completely inhibited both basal and insulin-stimulated hexose transport when present during the transport assay. The inhibition of basal transport was completely reversible upon removal of the diterpene. In contrast, insulin-stimulated hexose transport did not recover, and basal transport levels were attained instead. This effect of inhibiting (or reversing) the insulin-stimulated fraction of transport is a novel effect of the diterpene. Forskolin treatment also inhibited the stimulated fraction of transport when the stimulus was by 4 beta-phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate, reversing back to basal levels. Half-maximal inhibition of the above-basal insulin-stimulated transport was achieved with 35-50 microM-forskolin, and maximal inhibition with 100 microM. Forskolin did not inhibit 125I-insulin binding under conditions where it caused significant inhibition of insulin-stimulated hexose transport. Forskolin significantly elevated the cyclic AMP levels in the cells; however its inhibitory effect on the above basal, insulin-stimulated fraction of hexose transport was not mediated by cyclic AMP since: (i) 8-bromo cyclic AMP and cholera toxin did not mimic this effect of the diterpene, (ii) significant decreases in cyclic AMP levels caused by 2′,3′-dideoxyadenosine in the presence of forskolin did not prevent inhibition of insulin-stimulated hexose transport, (iii) isobutylmethylxanthine did not potentiate forskolin effects on glucose transport but did potentiate the elevation in cyclic AMP, and (iv) 1,9-dideoxyforskolin, which does not activate adenylate cyclase, inhibited hexose transport analogously to forskolin. We conclude that forskolin can selectively inhibit the insulin- and phorbol ester-stimulated fraction of hexose transport under conditions where basal transport is unimpaired. The results are compatible with the suggestions that glucose transporters operating in the stimulated state (insulin or phorbol ester-stimulated) differ in their sensitivity to forskolin from transporters operating in the basal state, or, alternatively, that a forskolin-sensitive signal maintains the stimulated transport rate.
Computing maximum matching in parallel on bipartite graphs

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We discuss parallel algorithms for computing maximum matchings in bipartite graphs on multithreaded computers, reporting for the first time, good speedups for the maximum cardinality matching problem. Experiments with serial matching algorithms have shown that their performance is sensitive to the order in which vertices are processed. In the execution of a multithreaded parallel algorithm for matching, variability in the order in which different threads process vertices is unavoidable. This sensitivity raises the possibility that different execution orderings might adversely affect the performance of parallel matching algorithms. In this paper, we answer this question by showing that good speedups are attainable by careful design of algorithms tuned to the characteristics of multithreaded architectures and the structure of the input graphs. We discuss preliminary results from parallel implementations of two key algorithms (Hopcroft-Karp and Pothen-Fan) and their variants on three multithreaded platforms (Cray XMT, AMD Opteron and Intel Nehalem) using a carefully chosen test set from real-world applications as well as synthetical graphs.
Distribution of the Specialist Aphid Uroleucon nigrotuberculatum (Homoptera: Aphididae) in Response to Host Plant Semiochemical Induction by the Gall Fly Eurosta solidaginis (Diptera: Tephritidae)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Many plants use terpenoids and other volatile compounds as semiochemicals. Reception of plant volatiles by conspecifics may trigger a defensive phytochemical response. These same compounds can also function as host recognition signals for phytophagous insects. In this experiment, we find that when the specialist gall-forming fly Eurosta solidaginis (Fitch; Diptera: Tephritidae) attacks its tall goldenrod (Solidago altissima (L.; Asterales: Asteraceae)) host plant, the fly indirectly induces a phytochemical response in nearby tall goldenrod plants. This phytochemical response may, in turn, act as a positive signal attracting the goldenrod specialist aphid Uroleucon nigrotuberculatum (Olive; Hemiptera: Aphididae). Laboratory-based experiments exposing ungalled tall goldenrod plants to the volatiles released by E. solidaginis galls demonstrated a consistent increase in foliar terpenoid concentrations in ungalled plants. Analysis of tall goldenrod stem and gall tissue chemistry revealed induction of terpenoids in gall tissue, with a simultaneous decrease in green leaf volatile concentrations. Field experiments demonstrated a consistent spatial relationship in tall goldenrod foliar terpenoid concentrations with distance from an E. solidaginis gall. Both laboratory and field experiments establish consistent induction of the terpene β-farnesene, and that this compound is a strong positive predictor of U. nigrotuberculatum aphid presence on goldenrod plants along with plant biomass and several other foliar terpenoids. These findings suggest E. solidaginis induced phytochemistry, especially β-farnesene, may be acting as a kairomone, driving aphid distribution in the field.
The European corn borer in Sweden : a future perspective based on a phenological model approach

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The European Corn Borer (ECB) has the potential to markedly reduce the yield from corn plants and in turn affect the economy of farmers. The human world population is increasing and there is consequently an increased number of mouths to feed on a limited area, the Earth, and this makes this an important topic to study. It is thus important to find out whether the ECB likely will be an important pest for farmers in Sweden throughout the 21st century, and, further on, whether the temperature requirements for a permanent population will be met. This was studied using a phenological ECB model driven with climate model data based on RCP scenarios 2.6, 4.5 and 8.5, together with gridded observational data. This study found that the temperature conditions will support a semi-permanent to permanent population of the ECB in large parts of southern Sweden by the end of the 21st century, given RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5.
Refining mass formulas for astrophysical applications: a Bayesian neural network approach

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Exotic nuclei, particularly those near the driplines, are at the core of one of the fundamental questions driving nuclear structure and astrophysics today: what are the limits of nuclear binding? Exotic nuclei play a critical role in both informing theoretical models as well as in our understanding of the origin of the heavy elements. Our purpose is to refine existing mass models through the training of an artificial neural network that will mitigate the large model discrepancies far away from stability. The basic paradigm of our two-pronged approach is an existing mass model that captures as much as possible of the underlying physics followed by the implementation of a Bayesian Neural Network (BNN) refinement to account for the missing physics. Bayesian inference is employed to determine the parameters of the neural network so that model predictions may be accompanied by theoretical uncertainties. Despite the undeniable quality of the mass models adopted in this work, we observe a significant improvement (of about 40%) after the BNN refinement is implemented. Indeed, in the specific case of the Duflo-Zuker mass formula, we find that the rms deviation relative to experiment is reduced from rms =0.503MeV to rms=0.286 MeV. These newly refined mass tables are used to map the neutron drip lines (or rather "drip bands") and to study a few critical r-process nuclei. The BNN approach is highly successful in refining the predictions of existing mass models. In particular, the large discrepancy displayed by the original "bare" models in regions where experimental data is unavailable is considerably quenched after the BNN refinement. This lends credence to our approach and has motivated us to publish refined mass tables that we trust will be helpful for future astrophysical applications.
DENOMINATIVE VERBS FROM ATIMIA IN THE ATTIC ORATORS AND BEYOND

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract This article examines the two families of denominative verbs from the semantic field of atimia : atimaô / atimoô and atimazô . By analysing their use in the Attic orators and other major prose texts from the Classical period (Herodotus, Thucydides, Xenophon, Plato and Aristotle), the article shows that these verbs were consistently employed in differentiated, well-defined ways: atimaô / atimoô for ‘effecting an actual loss of status’, and most normally for ‘imposing the legal penalty of atimia ’ (especially in the orators), and atimazô for extra-legal examples of ‘dishonour’. This distinction is in part reflected also in the ratios of verbal aspect for the two families, with atimaô / atimoô being used mostly in aorist and perfective forms and atimazô mostly in imperfective forms.