jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Effect of germination on proximate composition and anti nutritional factor of millet (Ragi) based premixes

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Malnutrition is a significant public health problem in India in spite of advance in economic prosperity which has lead to growth in field of medical therapeutics. Improvement in dietary quality should be major focus for reducing malnutrition. Nnutritious germinated premixes can be used for malnourished children. Ragi based premixes can be one such alternative. In present research premixes were prepared using non germinated millet, pulse and oilseed as well as germinated (24, 36 and 48 hours) ingredients in order to investigate the effect of duration of germination on several nutritional and anti-nutritional factors. In present investigation germination helped in breaking down of complex macronutrients into simpler components with the help of enzymatic activity. The protein content of standard and germinated samples were analyzed to be 11.5g/100g and 15.46 g/100g in the 24 h germinated sample; however, in 36 h germinated sample the values were 17.1g/100g and 21.8g/100g after 48 hrs. The calcium content of standard premix was 189.36 mg/100g after 24 hrs of germination it was 206.3 mg/100g; 214.30 mg/100g (36 hrs) and 221.26mg/100g (48 hrs). The iron content of standard premix was 5.60mg/100g and 7.0 mg/100g (24 hrs germination). Thirty sixand 48 hrs germinated premixes had iron content 7.6 mg/100g and 8.66 mg/100g.Phytic acid decreased from an initial average value of 1.88 mg/100gm in non-germinated sample to 0.33mg/100g in 48 hrs germinated sample. Oxalic acid reduced from 25.63 mg per 100 g in control sample to 6.73mg/100g in 48 hours germinated sample.
Pengaruh Disonansi Kognitif Terhadap Perilaku Plagiarisme Pada Mahasiswa

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Plagiarism is rife in academic activities. Where one of them is the justification of student perceptions of learning achievement. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of cognitive dissonance on plagiarism behavior in students. This research intervention uses the theory of Adishesa & Prawiro (2020). This study replicated the intervention by controlling for the mindfulness variable through the “stop plagiarism” poster and 10 items of knowledge about plagiarism from the University of Southern Mississippi. This study used a posttest only two group experimental design. The sampling technique in this study used convenience sampling and obtained 40 students who were then divided into two groups, namely, the experimental group I and the experimental group II. Data analysis techniques used the Mann Whitney test to determine differences in plagiarism scores in the two research groups. The results showed that there were differences in plagiarism scores in the two groups with the Z test = -4.996 and sig. (2-tailed) is 0.00 < 0.05. The results showed that in the experimental group I where participants were given freedom by working on essays at home, the experimental group I got a higher plagiarism score than the experimental group II. Keywords: cognitive dissonance ; plagiarism behaviour ; students
Comparison of various physical and body composition profiles between Indian elite male and female gymnasts

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The present study aimed to compare various physical and body composition profiles of Indian male and female gymnasts and also to compare the above parameters with their international/national peers. The study was conducted on 15 male (age = 19.2 ±3.75 years) and 16 female Indian gymnasts (age = 16.4 ±2.99 years). Various physical and body composition parameters were measured using standard methods. The female gymnasts were found to have a higher amount of fat mass and volumes of extracellular water than their male and international peers while the males had a higher amount of fat free mass than females but less than their international peers. Also male gymnasts had a higher amount of body cell mass (BCM) and muscle mass (MM) than females and their international peers. The hand grip strengths, trunk flexibility, relative back strength and electrolytes were also found to be greater in male gymnasts. Significant positive correlations were observed in BCM and MM with calcium, potassium, glycogen and mineral content in both male and female gymnasts. These profiles of gymnasts may be used as a tool for evaluation & assessment and a future comparison for the improvement in performance.
Rapid and Simultaneous Analysis of Hippuric and Benzoic Acids in Fermented Milk or Raw Milk by High Performance Liquid Chromatography

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Benzoic acid (BA) of natural origin in fermented milk is known to be derived from hippuric acid (HA) in raw milk. Since it is forbidden to fortify fermented milk with BA, BA in fermented and HA in raw milk should be precisely determined in order to assess the source of BA.Our method of simultaneous analysis for both organic acids consists of extracting with acetone, making the extract alkaline with sodium bicarbonate solution, concentrating the mixture, and injecting a sample into a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) apparatus. HPLC was performed on a Zorbax ODS column, with 2% acetic acid-acetonitrile (78:22) as the mobile phase and o-methylhippuric acid as an internal standard. The detection limits of BA and HA were each 1ng, and the average recoveries of BA and HA added to milk at levels of 5-40ppm were not less than 98%.
A Dominant Inhibitor Gene Inhibits the Expression of Ht2 against Exserohilum turcicum Race 2 in Corn Inbred Lines Related to B14

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract The purpose of this study was to elucidate the genetic cause for the lack of express ion of the gene Ht2 against Exserohilum turcicum race 2 on certain genetic backgrounds related to the inbred line B14. Two such inbreds (A635Rp and B59), susceptible to this pathogen were crossed onto the inbred Oh43—‐Ht2Ht2 . The following generations: F 1 , F 2 , F 3 , F 4 , backcrosses to both parents, selfings of the backcrosses, in addition to the parent lines, were evaluated for Ht2 expression in this study. Plants of each generation were inoculated with E. turcicum race 2 and evaluated for the expression of the chlorotic‐lesion resistance determined by the gene Ht2 . In spite of the reported dominance of Ht2 on some genetic backgrounds, the F 1 generations studied here did not show Ht2 resistant lesions. The data presented herein suggest that B 14 and related inbred lines carry a dominant gene(I) that inhibits the expression of the Ht2 gene. Chi‐square analyses of the reactions of 108 progeny families studied supported this hypothesis.
A Developmental Sequence Model to University Adjustment of International Undergraduate Students

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The current study proposes a Developmental Sequence Model to University Adjustment and uses a multifaceted measure, including academic, social and psychological adjustment, to examine factors predictive of undergraduate international student adjustment. A hierarchic regression model is carried out on the Student Adaptation to College Questionnaire to examine theoretically pertinent predictors arranged in a developmental sequence in determining adjustment outcomes. This model accounted for over 60% of the variance in adjustment scores, and highlighted the importance of ecological factors in relation to student adjustment, such as social support, relationship with parents, and perceived institutional support as more useful than static measures of achievement such as high school GPA. Implications of these findings, including the important role of campus services, are discussed.
A Utilitarian Antagonist: The Zombie in Popular Video Games

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Although not the first horror game Resident Evil, released by developer Capcom in 1996 for the Sony Playstation, certainly helped to popularise horror games, spawning numerous sequels and imitators, not to mention a successful film franchise. Much game scholarship has focused on this game and its role in the establishment and determination of the survival horror game. But, although the game is certainly legitimately established as canon in this respect, it is odd that, given the importance of representations in horror games, one of the central aspects of this horror, the zombie, is largely ignored in favour of situating the game within broader genre categories.
Anesthetic Management of 2 Patients with Pulmonary Hypertension Undergoing Non-cardiac Surgery.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

肺高血圧を合併した患者の麻酔管理では,血管拡張薬を含む各種薬剤を使用する機会が多い.われわれは,プロスタグランジンE1,トラゾリン,ドブタミンの麻酔中の使用により,肺高血圧が増悪した2例の肺高血圧症合併患者を経験した.上昇した肺動脈圧は薬剤の中止やニトログリセリンへの変更によって改善した.これらの症例は,麻酔導入後の心拍出量が比較的保たれており,肺動脈圧の上昇の原因として,上記薬剤の後負荷軽減による心拍出量の増加が,肺血管抵抗の低下を上回ったことが示唆された.心拍出量が保たれている肺高血圧症では,心拍出量の増加が右心系への過度の前負荷となることがある.したがって麻酔管理上,心拍出量モニタリングによる適切な前負荷の管理が重要であり,心血管作動薬の選択,投与量などは注意深く決定する必要がある.
Quenched large deviations for Glauber evolution with Kac interaction and Random Field

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We study a spin-flip model with Kac type interaction, in the presence of a random field given by i.i.d. bounded random variables. The system, spatially inhomogeneous, evolves according to a non conservative (Glauber) dynamics. We show an almost sure (with respect to the random field) large deviations principle for the empirical magnetizations of this process. The rate functional depends on the statistical properties of the external random field, it is lower semicontinuous with compact level sets.
Toward a dynamic balanced scorecard model for humanitarian relief organizations’ performance management

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Purpose In recent years, the balanced scorecard (BSC) has received considerable interest among practitioners for managing their organization’s performance. Unfortunately existing BSC frameworks, particularly for humanitarian supply chains, lack causal relationships among performance indicators, actions, and outcomes. They are not able to provide a dynamic perspective of the organization with factors that drive the organization’s behavior toward its mission. Lack of conceptual references seems to hinder the development of a performance measurement system toward this direction. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach The authors formulate the interdependencies among key performance indicators (KPIs) in terms of cause-and-effect relationships based on published case studies reported in international journals from 1996 to 2017. Findings This paper aims to identify the conceptual interdependencies among KPIs and represent them in the form of a conceptual model. Research limitations/implications The study was solely based on relevant existing literature. Therefore further practical research is needed to validate the interdependencies of performance indicators in the strategy map. Practical implications The proposed conceptual model provides the structure of a dynamic balanced scorecard (DBSC) in the humanitarian supply chain and should serve as a starting reference for the development of a practical DBSC model. The conceptual framework proposed in this paper aims to facilitate further research in developing a DBSC for humanitarian organizations (HOs). Originality/value Existing BSC frameworks do not provide a dynamic perspective of the organization. The proposed conceptual framework is a useful reference for further work in developing a DBSC for HOs.
Syndromes of the Head and Neck

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Deformations and disruptions Teratogenic agents Chromosomal syndromes I: common and/or well known syndromes Chromosomal syndromes II: unusual variants METABOLIC DISORDERS the mucopolysaccharidoses the oligosaccharidoses and related disorders metabolic disorders and dysmorphic features Syndromes affecting bone I: the osteogenesis imperfectas Syndromes affecting bone II: chondrodysplasias and chondrodystrophies Syndromes affecting bone III: craniotubular bone disorders Syndromes affecting bone IV: other skeletal disorders Proportionate short stature syndromes Overgrowth syndromes and postnatal onset obesity syndromes Hamartoneoplastic syndromes Syndromes affecting the skin and mucosa Syndromes with craniosynostosis I: general aspects and well known syndromes Syndromes with craniosynostosis II: miscellaneous syndromes Syndromes of abnormal craniofacial contour Syndromes affecting the central nervous system Syndromes with contractures BRANCHIAL ARCH AND ORO-ACRAL DISORDERS branchial arch syndromes oromandibular-limb hypogenesis syndromes oro-facial-digital syndromes otopalatal digital syndromes Orofacial clefting syndromes I: general aspects Orofacial clefting syndromes II: common and/or well known syndromes Orofacial clefting syndromes III: other syndromes Orofacial clefting syndromes IV: associations Syndromes with unusual facies I: well known syndromes Syndromes with hypertelorism Syndromes with unusual nasal anomalies Syndromes with unusual ocular anomalies Syndromes with facial fat atrophy Syndromes with unusual facies II: other syndromes Syndromes with gingival-periodontal components Syndromes with unusual dental findings Miscellaneous syndromes I: well known syndromes Miscellaneous syndromes II: other syndromes Appendix.
[Treatment of diabetic cystoid macular edema by argon laser photocoagulation].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Diabetic maculopathy remains the main cause of poor visual acuity in diabetic retinopathy either proliferative or non proliferative. Although photocoagulation in the macular area is known to be effective in treatment of exudates, results in treatment of cystoid macular edema (CME) are still questionable. 36 eyes with diabetic CME and non ischaemic capillary bed were treated with argon laser photocoagulation in the macular area. Two groups of patients were studied. Group I consisted of 16 eyes with CME and with circinate exudates in the paramacular area. Mild argon burns (50-200) were applied on the microvascular abnormalities and on the pigment epithelium in the center of the circinate exudates. The macula (1500 of diameter) was not treated in this group. As expected, results on the exudates rings were good. CME disappeared in 43% of the cases, and regressed in 23% of the cases. Nevertheless 3 years after treatment the mean visual acuity was found to be slightly worse than before the treatment. Group II consisted of 20 eyes with CME, exudates were absent or scattered. Mild argon burns were applied on the area of macular cysts avoiding only the foveal avascular zone (500 of diameter). Exudates when present disappeared in all cases. CME disappeared in 80% of the cases and regressed in 15% of the cases. Three years after treatment mean visual acuity remained identical. Extensive review of the literature concerning the treatment of diabetic maculopathy shows a wide range of techniques and evaluation procedures. We propose the following method of treatment: when exudate rings are present with CME, treatment should be aimed first towards focal microvascular abnormalities avoiding the macular area. When exudates are absent or in cases of unchanged CME after extramacular photocoagulation, treatment should be aimed towards the microcystic area avoiding the foveal avascular zone, if visual acuity is less than 0,5.
Isolation and characterization of stem/progenitor cells from adult human liver and evaluation of their hepatic repopulation after transplantation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Stem/progenitor cells from various intra or extra-hepatic sources have been isolated and studied in vitro and in vivo since long time. However, wide clinical application still remains so far because there are still many disagreements around their efficacy and long-term safety. The most logical source of stem/progenitor cells for liver disease treatment is the liver itself. In our study, emergence and proliferation of liver stem/progenitor cells was revealed after progressive death and detachment of primary isolated hepatocytes in vitro. Besides small hepatocytes - widely documented in the literature, the current thesis work allowed the isolation and the characterization of two original cell types with epithelial (liver epithelial-like cells or LECs) and mesenchymal (Adult derived human liver stem cells or ADHLSCs) phenotypes. \nWe were not able to maintain small hepatocytes after trypsin application, reason why in vivo studies were not conducted. In contrary, LECs were isolated by direct trypsin application on their initial small colonies. The homogenous sub-culture of LECs spontaneously differentiated into hepatocytes and/or biliary cells, significantly altering their long-term survival in vitro. ADHLSCs were highly proliferative and could be cultivated for many passages at undifferentiated state. Their hepatogenic differentiation was inducible using specific condition media. These particularities make ADHLSCs more useful than small hepatocytes and LECs in large-scale production settings. Therefore, the major investigations of the current thesis work have been focused on ADHLSCs to evaluate their potential translation use for liver cell based therapy development.
Investigations of the Active Site of Microsomal Leucine Aminopeptidase by Probing with Ethylenediamine Derivatives

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The active site of porcine microsomal aminopeptidase was probed by studying the inhibition of the enzyme using derivatives of ethylenediamine and diaminopropionic acid. In addition, some amino acids, substituted hydroxamates and phosphates were also tested. In order to synthesize diaminopropionic acid derivatives, CBZ-amino acid p-nitrophenyl esters were reduced to the corresponding aldehydes by lithium tri-t-butoxy-aluminohydride. Through the Strecker synthesis, the aldehyde intermediates were converted to diaminopropionitrile analogues which were then hydrolysed in acid to the desired products. Unfortunately, these compounds were not potent inhibitors for this enzyme. α-Amino acids were found to be better inhibitors than their β-amino counterparts and the Kᵢ of α-leucine was about 7-fold lower than its B-analogue. The amino group position of the amino acids is therefore important for enzyme recognition. On the other hand, N-alkylation of ethylenediamine was observed to abolish its inhibition potential. Furthermore, another unexpected finding in this work is that N- or 0-methylation of the hydroxamate group hinders the ability of these inhibitors to act as a bidentate zinc ligand. Although some phosphate derivatives that we tested showed poor inhibitory potency, phosphonamidate, a potential transition state analogue, might serve as a powerful inhibitor. In summary, the relationship between the structure and inhibitory potency of some inhibitors was demonstrated.
Administration of an LXR agonist promotes atherosclerotic lesion remodelling in murine inflammatory arthritis

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Objectives The leading cause of mortality in patients with rheumatoid arthritis is atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD). We have shown that murine arthritis impairs atherosclerotic lesion regression, because of cellular cholesterol efflux defects in haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs), causing monocytosis and impaired atherosclerotic regression. Therefore, we hypothesised that improving cholesterol efflux using a Liver X Receptor (LXR) agonist would improve cholesterol efflux and improve atherosclerotic lesion regression in arthritis. Methods Ldlr −/− mice were fed a western‐type diet for 14 weeks to initiate atherogenesis, then switched to a chow diet to induce lesion regression and divided into three groups; (1) control, (2) K/BxN serum transfer inflammatory arthritis (K/BxN) or (3) K/BxN arthritis and LXR agonist T0901317 daily for 2 weeks. Results LXR activation during murine inflammatory arthritis completely restored atherosclerotic lesion regression in arthritic mice, evidenced by reduced lesion size, macrophage abundance and lipid content. Mechanistically, serum from arthritic mice promoted foam cell formation, demonstrated by increased cellular lipid accumulation in macrophages and paralleled by a reduction in mRNA of the cholesterol efflux transporters Abca1 , Abcg1 and Apoe . T0901317 reduced lipid loading and increased Abca1 and Abcg1 expression in macrophages exposed to arthritic serum and increased ABCA1 levels in atherosclerotic lesions of arthritic mice. Moreover, arthritic clinical score was also attenuated with T0901317. Conclusion Taken together, we show that the LXR agonist T0901317 rescues impaired atherosclerotic lesion regression in murine arthritis because of enhanced cholesterol efflux transporter expression and reduced foam cell development in atherosclerotic lesions.
[Advances in plasma proteome analysis in liver diseases].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

人体许多疾病可导致血浆中蛋白质在结构和数量上发生改变,这种变化对疾病诊断和疗效监测具有重要意义.迄今为止只有少数血浆蛋白作为某些疾病诊断的常规检测.近年血浆蛋白质组的迅猛发展加深了人们对血浆蛋白质的认识.血浆蛋白质组研究对疾病早期诊断、病情监测、预后评价、药物作用靶点筛选和药物效应分析等有重要价值.现就血浆蛋白质的相关技术及其在肝脏疾病中的应用综述如下。
Impacts of relatively rational and irrational investor sentiment on realized volatility

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Abstract We adopt intraday data in this study to facilitate an exploration of the influences of relatively rational and irrational investor sentiment on volatility within the Taiwan stock markets. Following the decomposition of daily trading volume within the Taiwan Stock Exchange Capitalization Weighted Stock Index (TWSE) into two subsets, comprising the trading volume of institutional investors and individual investors, we go on to investigate the influence of each subset on realized volatility. We reveal that the relatively rational sentiment of institutional investors plays a stabilizing role in future volatility, whereas the relatively irrational sentiment of individual investors tends to exacerbate such volatility. Therefore, we suggest that our modified model, which takes into account the relatively rational and irrational sentiment of investors, is capable of more accurately predicting volatility than the benchmark model.