jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Expression of Immunoglobulin a (IgA) in Wistar Rats Fed and Infected by Salmonella Typhimurium: Immunohistochemical Studies

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Typhoid fever caused by Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi continues to be a public health problem in developing countries and is a cause of illness and death.The emergence of the problem of antibiotic resistance has also worsened cases of typhoid fever.Probiotic bacteria or lactic acid bacteria (LAB) can be used as an alternative because they provide several benefits for the host, including protection from pathogenic bacteria to increase levels of Immunoglobulin A. This study used LAB species Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus salivarius, Bifidobacterium infantis, Bifidobacterium lactis, Bifidobacterium longum, and Lactococcus lactis found in commercial probiotics.The mixture of isolates was given to white rats (Rattus norvegicus) that had been infected with Salmonella typhi with a dose variation of 0.5 ml, 1 ml, and 2 ml, and the expression of immunoglobulin A (IgA) was observed.The results showed that commercial probiotic isolates could maintain the expression of Immunoglobulin A. in mice infected with Salmonella typhi with the best dose of 2 mL.
A simple detection method of movement of clouds at the sky

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

There is a set of methods for a cloud on sky detection. The common passive examination of cloud presence is realized with digital post-processing of picture that was taken with a device that enables full-sky photography. As the camera is set in automatic mode the results of examinations depends on lighting conditions. Therefore up-today critical real-time applications are supported with laser or microwave devices that generate specific probing beams. The common feature of the mentioned devices is the high cost of equipment. Thus, the development of a sensing device that consists of standard modules and is intended for real-time measurements of the movement of clouds at skyline has been initiated. Proposed sensing device construction bases on a matrix of photodiodes integrated in the VEML6040 chip. The measurement results of the VEML6040 are analyzed with camera pictures. Obtained results show that filtered first derivative of ratio of blue to whole spectrum signal can be used to set proper thresholds that generate automatically signal of cloud movement detection.
Robotic Exoskeleton Gait Training in Stroke: An Electromyography-Based Evaluation

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The recovery of symmetric and efficient walking is one of the key goals of a rehabilitation program in patients with stroke. The use of overground exoskeletons alongside conventional gait training might help foster rhythmic muscle activation in the gait cycle toward a more efficient gait. About twenty-nine patients with subacute stroke have been recruited and underwent either conventional gait training or experimental training, including overground gait training using a wearable powered exoskeleton alongside conventional therapy. Before and after the rehabilitation treatment, we assessed: (i) gait functionality by means of clinical scales combined to obtain a Capacity Score, and (ii) gait neuromuscular lower limbs pattern using superficial EMG signals. Both groups improved their ability to walk in terms of functional gait, as detected by the Capacity Score. However, only the group treated with the robotic exoskeleton regained a controlled rhythmic neuromuscular pattern in the proximal lower limb muscles, as observed by the muscular activation analysis. Coherence analysis suggested that the control group (CG) improvement was mediated mainly by spinal cord control, while experimental group improvements were mediated by cortical-driven control. In subacute stroke patients, we hypothesize that exoskeleton multijoint powered fine control overground gait training, alongside conventional care, may lead to a more fine-tuned and efficient gait pattern.
The importance of the past in public health

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine.It summarises the launch lecture on the importance of history in the assessment of globalisation.It argues for more involvement of history and historians in the teaching of public health professionals and for revision of the professional curriculum.There are some recent and forthcoming developments on this front.The authors mention the lack of a regular historical series in public health journals, with the notable exception of the American Journal of Public Health's long running ''Public Health Then and Now''.There will be a new historical series, ''Public Health Past and Present'' in the Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health.Contributions are welcome on any topic relevant to the subject.We hope to publish short research based papers that will enable historians to interact with the public health field and vice versa.Exchanges between the two fields have been taking place in other ways.The launch of the new Centre for History in Public Health at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine in November 2003 has the aim of strengthening the links between historians and public health professionals.It builds on past joint work, for example the witness seminars and conferences on the Black Report on health inequalities, famous for being commissioned by a Labour government in the late 1970s and then ''buried'' by an incoming Conservative government; the career of Jerry Morris; and the ''great smog' ' of 1952. 2 The launch lecture of the Centre, given by Simon Szreter of the University of Cambridge was on ''Public health and security in an age of globalising economic growth: the awkward lessons N History teaching for public health professionals is important but neglected in the professional curriculum.This needs to be remedied.
APPLICATION OF MESSENGERS FOR CONSTRUCTING THE ARCHITECTURE OF A SYSTEM FORCOLLECTING CONSTRUCTION WASTE RESULTING FROM HOSTILITIES

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The work notes the negative consequences of Russia's military aggression for the population, economy, infrastructure and natural ecosystems of Ukraine. In addition, a large-scale problem of waste management resulting from hostilities, related to the amount of this waste and its various effects on people and the environment, is highlighted. Further analysis of informational and literary sources demonstrated the necessity of mandatory inclusion of construction waste generated as a result of hostilities in the system of secondary processing and further reconstruction of our state. The growing role of digitization in modern society and the necessity of using technologies based on artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things, blockchain and big data analytics, virtual and augmented reality in the field of waste management as necessary elements for ensuring a digital circular economy are noted. The available separate digital tools for regulation of this sphere in Ukraine need further development. Further, in the work, an algorithm for the functioning of the construction waste collection system, which was formed as a result of hostilities, was developed. the architecture of the information system for the collection of these wastes is proposed, and its implementation is verified on individual examples. The proposed architecture is based on the use of well-known messengers in mobile devices, which ensures massiveness and convenience of informing. It is envisaged to create a digital information space in which the destruction waste collection system includes users, a means of communication, a communication path, an interactive array of data, an automated router providing information, and the indirect participation of the owner of this system. Features of the interaction of the elements of this space are outlined. Individual examples of implementation of the proposed architecture include the development of a chatbot, an author's information channel, and an online training course. It was noted that these components are aimed at the introduction of a closed-cycle economy in the country and will contribute to its achievement of the goals of sustainable development.
Rosetta Stone? Hockney, Falco and the Sources of “Opticality” in Lorenzo Lotto's Husband and Wife

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In his book Secret Knowledge, David Hockney proposes that the “optical quality” of Flemish art arose around 1420, because artists such as van Eyck then began to use optical devices for accurate projection of subject images onto the canvas. Although Hockney describes Lotto's Man and Wife as the “Rosetta Stone” of his argument, the author's analysis reveals that its perspective structure is incompatible with the logic of local optical projection. Regions that should be geometrically coherent in an optical projection display pronounced distortions, while regions that should be incoherent show no such distortions. Such detailed evidence, as well as the inability of optical projection to capture the effect of windblown garments, is inconsistent with Hockney's claim.
Dopant induced band convergence leading to high thermoelectric power factor in Mg2Sn

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Band convergence is a common technique for enhancing the power factor of thermoelectric (TE) materials. This is usually achieved by solid solution formation in compounds having specific electronic band features. In this work, we show that a similar band convergence effect can be achieved in Mg2Sn by doping with small amounts of Bi. To identify this effect and the possible reason behind it, a detailed investigation of the electronic band structure (EBS) has been carried out using a recently developed multi-band refinement technique (MBRT). Nominal compositions of Mg2.2Sn1-xBix (x = 0,0.005, 0.01, 0.0125, 0.015, 0.02) have been synthesized by induction melting followed by compaction using uniaxial hot-pressing. Measurement of Seebeck coefficient (S), electrical conductivity (σ) and Hall Coefficient (RH) have been performed between 300K–700K and the data used for multi-band refinement. Results indicate changes in the inter-band separation of conduction bands with doping content and temperature. Significantly lower inter-band separation compared to reported undoped data is found even for the lowest doped composition, resulting in both conduction bands contributing to the power factor (S2σ). Further, for the heavily doped compositions (x = 0.0125, 0.015, 0.02) band-flipping between the conduction bands has been observed. Thus, the light conduction band is found to constitute the conduction band edge in the heavily doped compositions. This is contrary to the reported EBS of undoped Mg2Sn in which the heavy conduction band has a lower energy. Also, increasing temperature results in band convergence in the heavily doped compositions. A plausible cause for the band-flipping behaviour is provided based on merging of the impurity band with the light conduction band in heavily doped Mg2Sn. The band-flipping and the subsequent band convergence results in an even higher S2σ in the heavily doped compositions. The work highlights the beneficial influence of Bi doping on the TE properties of Mg2Sn and opens the possibility of utilizing dopants for achieving band convergence in TE materials.
METAPLASIA IN ENDOCERVICAL TISSUE MAINTAINED IN ORGAN CULTURE–AN EXPERIMENTAL MODEL

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Summary Endocervical columnar epithelium with stroma intact, was maintained in organ culture for up to ten days. Many explants showed a progressive dedifferentiation, pyknosis and eventual loss of columnar cells with a gradual replacement of these with metaplastic cells apparently of stromal origin. This was a progression of changes similar to squamous metaplasia seen in vivo . Studies of the surface characteristics of the cultured tissue, with the scanning electron microscope, showed a change of cell type from columnar cells with closely packed micro‐villi, to a flattened squamous type with interdigitating cell boundaries and a mixed surface structure of micro‐ridges and micro‐villi. The significance of these results and the use of this organ culture system as a model in the study of the actiology of cervical malignancy is discussed.
Paeoniflorin protects myocardial cell from doxorubicin-induced apoptosis through inhibition of NADPH oxidase

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in doxorubicin (DOX)-induced myocardial cell apoptosis, and paeoniflorin (PEF) has been shown to exert an antioxidant effect. The aim of the present study was to explore the protective effect of PEF on DOX-induced myocardial cell apoptosis and the underlying mechanisms. In cultured H9c2 cells, different concentrations (1, 10, or 100 μmol/L) of PEF was added for 2 h prior to exposure to DOX (5 μmol/L) for 24 h. Cell apoptosis was evaluated by hoechst 33342 staining, and caspase-3 expression and activity. The mRNA and protein expression of NADPH oxidase (NOX) 2 and NOX4 was determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot, respectively. Intracellular ROS and NOX activity were measured by assay kit. The results showed that DOX significantly increased myocardial cell apoptosis, increased caspase-3 expression and activity concomitantly with enhanced ROS production, and increased NOX2, NOX4 mRNA and protein expression, and NOX activity. These effects were remarkably inhibited by pretreatment of PEF. Our results suggested that PEF has a protective effect against DOX-induced myocardial cell apoptosis through a mechanism involving a decrease in ROS production by inhibition of NOX2, NOX4 expression, and NOX activity.
Revisiting ISO 14000 Diffusion: A New “Look” at the Drivers of Certification

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This replication study of the drivers of ISO 14000 certifications extends the work of Corbett and Kirsch (2001) and provides a different and simpler predictive model of the factors contributing to the growth of ISO 14000 certifications. The main finding is that at national level ISO 14000 certification densities can be explained by two factors: the installed base of ISO 9000 certificates and the number of environmental treaties signed and ratified. The first factor, considering the common elements of the two standards, points to conditions of infrastructural convenience, while the second highlights the importance of political‐economic considerations. The study uses a new set of tools (graphical displays, distribution‐free computer intensive methods) that are better suited for exploratory research when discontinuities and existence of subgroups in the data set may make findings from a linear regression suspect.
The Anatomy of Non-Refoulement: A Centrepiece of International Refugee Law and Human Rights Law

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Although the principle of non-refoulement remains vital under international refugee law and human rights law, its content and scope are the subject of extensive scholarly discussions. Therefore, this paper seeks to provide a concise analysis of non-refoulement starting from the 1951 Geneva Convention relating to the Status’ Refugees and to explore accurately its meaning based on its material, personal, and geographical scope. This paper also endeavours to briefly examine non-refoulement under universal and regional human rights instruments. Further, it aims to compare the interpretations of non-refoulement under international refugee law and human rights law based on the relevant case-law of international and domestic courts in addition to that of the respective monitoring mechanisms.
Evolution of Agrometeorology at the Global Level

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Agricultural meteorology has advanced during the last 100 years from a descriptive to a quantitative science using physical and biological principles. The agricultural community is becoming more aware that using climate and weather information will improve their profitability and this will no doubt increase the demand for agrometeorological services. Hence it is timely that the needs and perspectives for agrometeorology in the 21 Century are grouped under two major headings: agrometeorological services for agricultural production and agrometeorological support systems for such services. Emphasis must be placed on the components of such support systems comprising of data, research, policies and training/education/extension. As Monteith (2000) mentioned, food supplies ultimately depend upon the skill with which farmers ran exploit the potential of good weather and minimize the impact of bad weather. Recent developments in instrumentation, data management systems, climate prediction, crop modelling, dissemination of agrometeorological information etc., provide agrometeorologists the tools necessary help the farmers improve such skills. The future for operational applications of agricultural meteorology appears bright and such applications could contribute substantially to promote sustainable agriculture and alleviate poverty.
A data encryption technology for serial communication of multi degree of freedom manipulator based on chaotic sequence

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In order to effectively improve the security of serial communication data encryption of manipulator and shorten the encryption time, a multi degree of freedom serial communication data encryption technology of manipulator based on chaotic sequence is proposed. The serial communication data of the manipulator is obtained by using the logistic chaotic map, and the chaotic sequence of the communication data is generated. Based on the binary sequence generated by the logistic chaotic map, the serial communication data encryption key of each wheel is generated. The serial communication data obtained is forward XOR or reverse XOR with the sub key to realise the serial communication data encryption of the mechanical arm. The experimental results show that the maximum value of the cross-correlation function of the proposed method is closer to 0, and the data encryption time is only 15.2 s, which effectively improves the security of data encryption.
[LB.02.21] ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AND ENDOTHELIUM PROTECTIVE ACTIVITIES OF BIOACTIVE PEPTIDES FROM SPANISH DRY CURED HAM

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Objective: Bioactive peptides (BP) have been widely pursued for the management of hypertension showing an angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory capacity. They have been widely pursued for the management of hypertension and are believed to exert beneficial physiological effects on the endothelium. We aimed to test ACE inhibitory capacity of a protein hydrolysate containing characterized BP from Spanish dry-cured ham and four purified BP (KPVAAP, KAAAATP, KPGRP, AAATP). Secondly, the current study evaluates beneficial changes in protein expression changes and antioxidant activity over the endothelium. Design and method: ACE inhibitory activity of BP was evaluated using an enzymatic extract of transiently transfected EA.hy 926 endothelial cells. Potential mechanisms of action of BP over endothelial function were quantified by RT-PCR after treatment with TNF-α 100 ng/μl or H2O2 300 μM w/o BP. Results: Significant ACE inhibition was observed at different concentrations of cured ham hydrolysate and purified BP in a dose-response manner. The following IC 50 were found for each BP: Cured ham hydrolysate 410,34 ± 55,79 μg/ml, KPVAAP 108,79 ± 45,76 μM, KPGRP 485,50 ± 43,47 μM, AAATP 1317,32 ± 161,65 μM and KAAAATP 1267,54 ± 43,7516 μM. Cured ham hydrolysate at 50 μg/ml promoted antioxidant activity through catalase, superoxide dismutase and eNOS mRNA higher expression in the presence of H2O2 (p = 0.04, p = 0.04 and p = 0.01, respectively). It also prevented an adhesive marker expression such as ICAM-1 in the presence of TNF-α (p < 0.001). Moreover, purified AAATP (300 μM) also prevented the TNFα-increased ICAM-1 mRNA expression (p = 0.008). KPVAAP and AAATP reverted the TNF-α decreased eNOS mRNA expression (p = 0.02 and p = 0.04, respectively). Conclusions: Those results suggest protective effects of biopeptides against inflammation and oxidant agents as well as antihypertensive activity. Bioactive peptides from Spanish dry cured-ham could then display benefits in the cardiovascular system, with potential clinical relevance.
Integrating the Input of Stakeholders in Infrastructure Risk Assessment

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Dynamics associated with the involvement of multiple stakeholders with conflicting objectives often result in significant delays and cost overruns. Lack of a systematic approach to integrate input of a wide range of stakeholders in infrastructure planning results in the neglect of interactional dynamics and can overshadow the accuracy of project schedules and estimates. To address this lack, a systematic approach based on risk assessment is presented in this paper to gauge the relative impact of interactions on project outcomes based on the input of a wide range of stakeholders. With the primary objective of facilitating the input of stakeholders in infrastructure planning, the proposed approach aims to help project developers define and characterize the network of stakeholders in a specific project phase, assess relative importance of risks associated with the interactions based on the fuzzified input of a wide range of stakeholders, and integrate the results of the assessment into the project plans using social network analysis. A case study considering the preconstruction and construction phases of nuclear power plants was used to demonstrate the application of the proposed approach. High interactional risk levels were observed in various degrees of involvement, highlighting the high risk of overlooking actors with a low degree of involvement, such as the general public or a regulatory agency, in project planning. The results further indicate the dynamic nature of interactions in a project's lifetime because degrees of significance for stakeholder interactions changed in different phases of the project.
A Comparative Systematic Review of the Optimal CD4 Cell Count Threshold for HIV Treatment Initiation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

HIV infection is no longer characterized by high morbidity, rapid progression to AIDS, and death as when the infection was first identified. While anti-retroviral drugs have improved the outcome of AIDS patients, clinical research on the appropriate time to initiate therapy continues to evolve. Optimal therapy initiation would maximize the benefits of these drugs, while minimizing side effects and drug resistance. Recent 2013 WHO guidelines changed HIV therapy initiation from 350 cells/ μ L to 500 cells/ μ L. This systematic review provides an evidence-based comparison of starting treatment at >500 cells/ μ L with starting treatment at the range between 350 cells/ μ L and 500 cells/ μ L. An 11% increase in risk was detected from initiation therapy at the 350–500 cells/ μ L range (0.37 [0.26, 0.53]), when compared with starting treatment before 500 cells/ μ L (0.33 [0.22, 0.48]). Most individual study comparisons showed a benefit for starting treatment at 500 cells/ μ L in comparison with starting at the 350–500 cells/ μ L range with risks ranging from 19% to 300%, though a number of comparisons were not statistically significant. Overall, the study provides evidence based support for initiating anti retroviral therapy at cell counts >500 cells/ μ L wherever possible to prevent AIDS mortality and morbidity.