jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Application of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/manganese Dioxide Composite-Modified Electrode for Sensitive Electrochemical Detection of Luteolin

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

In this work, the electrochemical determination of luteolin using poly(3,4- ethylenedioxythiophene)/manganese dioxide nanocomposite modified glassy carbon electrode (PEDOT/MnO2/GCE) is reported. PEDOT/MnO2 nanocomposite has been proposed via a simple two- step deposition approach. Electrochemical results revealed that PEDOT/MnO2 showed enhanced electrocatalytic performance toward luteolin, which might be attributed to good conductivity and accelerated electron transfer of PEDOT and good catalytic effect of MnO2. Experimental conditions, including pH values and scan rates were optimized. In optimal conditions, a good linear relationship was found between oxidation peak currents and the concentration of luteolin in 5.0 nM-7.0 μM range. The detection limit was calculated to be 1.8 nM at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3. Finally, the applicability for luteolin determination in real samples was successfully demonstrated.
Construction management of cement silos in Singapore

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The dissertation commences with a description of the macro view of the workd cement trade as well as the macro view of the cement industry in Singapore. This is followed by the company profiles of two Singapore companies, namely Pan Malaysia Cement Works (S) Pte Ltd (“PMCW (S) Pte Ltd) and Jurong Cement Ltd, together with the cement manufacturing processes adopted by them.
Crew Automation in Advanced Land Combat

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Driving and other crew automation technologies for future Advanced Land Combat Vehicles are well underway. By the year 2000 the Army will demonstrate the capability to reduce the crewmembers in the Main Battle Tank from 4 to 2 soldiers. The new Department of Defense (DoD) Advanced Land Combat Science &amp; Technology Thrust objective is focused to improve the deployability of the future force of combat vehicles. This can only be accomplished through drastic reductions in vehicle size. A clear means to reduce combat vehicle volume, is to shrink the crew size. Driver, gunner, commander &amp; loader automation research and technology is now available or ongoing which can reduce the crew workload by 50% or more.</div>
Antigenicity and antigenic relatedness of the outer membrane proteins of Shigella species.

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

SDS-PAGE analysis of the outer membrane proteins (OMP) of Shigella dysenteriae, S. flexneri, S. boydii and S. sonnei showed similar profiles after isolation from Shigella species grown at 30, 37 and 42 degrees C. In S. dysenteriae there was a 25 and a 17 kD polypeptide at 37 degrees C only, compared with the other two temperatures. In all four Shigella spp the major protein band was around 34-38 kD. Antibodies raised in mice against formalinized bacteria gave a strong OMP specific response in both IgM and IgG classes, with IgG1 being the dominant subclass in all the species. Western blotting showed the major OMP to be the predominant antigen which was present in all the three temperatures tested. Cross-reactivity studies of the antigenic OMP of Shigella revealed that the major protein around 38 kD was related in the four species. Biochemical analysis of the partially purified major OMP indicated it to be porin.
Physiological reactions of men and women during muscular activity and recovery in various environments

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Men and women performing a standard exercise were studied in three environments. Pulmonary ventilation, O 2 consumption, CO 2 elimination, heart rate, blood pressure, body temperature and weight loss were recorded. Pulmonary ventilation was usually decreased in the warm-dry environment and increased in the warm-humid. Oxygen consumption was significantly lower in the warm-dry environment than at room temperature. The pattern of changes of these two functions was similar for both sexes. Respiratory exchange ratios were not influenced by sex, but were higher in the warm-dry environment. Increase in body temperature was found only in the warm-humid environment, with a smaller weight loss than in warm-dry conditions. Systolic blood pressure was influenced by work load but not by environments. Diastolic pressure varied little for both sexes under all conditions. Heart rate was significantly influenced by sex and environment, being highest for the women in the warm-humid conditions. Cardiac cost increased and cardiac efficiency decreased in both warm surroundings, more so for women than for men. Submitted on May 16, 1960
The Impact of the 1986 Tax Reform Act on Personal Saving

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Many critics believed that the Tax Reform Act of 1986 (TRA86) would discourage saving.Yet personal saving rates have rebounded since 1987.This rebound might have been caused by a general decline in marginal tax rates on household saving.And we estimate, at least for the 1980s, a positive elasticity of saving with respect to the after-tax rate of return.But the tax changes alone cannot account for the recent upswing in saving rates.Furthermore, the positive saving elasticity during the 1980s is fleeting and fragile; during the entire postwar period the correlation between the after-tax rate of return and personal saving is at most zero.
From poor state to rich state: How long does it take?

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The objective of the present paper is to address the question whether the less developed states, namely; Kedah, Kelantan, Pahang, Perlis, Sabah, Sarawak and Terengganu are catching-up with the more richer state of Selangor, using the generalized one-step error-correction model for the period 1970-2013.We tested convergence on real GDP and per capita real GDP for the states involved and the results suggest that the less developed states has been converging to the state of Selangor for the period under study. In this study, we also determine the time required for the less developed states to converge to the level of economic development of Selangor.In terms of real GDP, the less developed states will take longer to converge to the state of Selangor, however, in terms of per capita real GDP, the less developed states can converge at a faster rate to the level of economic development of Selangor if these states can grow more than double than the growth in Selangor.In this respect, the state government has an important role to play in enhancing growth by continuously providing stable economic environment for investment and other productive economic activities. This will ensure full convergence can take place at a faster rate in the future.
OSTÉOPOROSE CORTISONIQUE ET AUTRES OSTÉOPOROSES SECONDAIRES

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The aetiologies of secondary osteoporosis are multiple and often intricated, we studied in humans and in animals some of them: iatrogenic osteoporosis induced by glucocorticoids (GCs) and aromatase inhibitors, disuse osteoporosis and osteoporosis associated with systemic mastocytosis. We developed a murine model of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis to study the effects of GCs on the long bones and the mandible. We confirmed that GCs exposure leads to a reduction of trabecular bone at the tibia and showed for the first time in the mouse that GCs decrease the alveolar bone. We studied apoptosis of osteoblasts and osteocytes under GCs by cytodynamic method and we didn't find any increase in apoptosis but morphological modifications of osteocytes under Dexamethasone. In another study, we studied by microCT the effects of disuse induced by botulinum toxin on the muscle and bone at the tibia in growing rats. We showed that disuse leads to a rapid muscle and bone loss, a decrease of the growth in thickness but has no effect on the growth in length and doesn't modify the shape of tibia. In a clinical study we described the bone effects of systemic mastocytosis by analyzing the microarchitectural parameters after transiliac bone biopsy in 60 patients. Lastly, we showed in a 3 year prospective study the bone effects of aromatase inhibitors in a series of 497 women. We showed that 20% of the women have already at least one osteoporotic vertebral fracture at the beginning of aromatase inhibitor. After 3 years of treatment, the patients without osteoporosis have a low risk of bone loss and of osteoporotic fracture. Treatment with bisphosphonates blocks bone loss but does not prevent new vertebral fractures occurrence.
SOME THOUGHTS ABOUT HERMENEUTICS AND JEWISH RELIGIOUS EDUCATION

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Recent work in hermeneutics and education speaks about a specifically religious dimension to education on this model. What exactly is “hermeneutics,” and what does it have to do with education? What accounts for the purportedly religious character of hermeneutic education? How is the religious aspect of education realized? This paper draws on the existential hermeneutics of Hans‐Georg Gadamer to explore these questions. Educators' interpretations of Gadamer's work suffuse the discussion.
Phase I clinical studies of antineoplaston A5 injections.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Antineoplaston A5 is a mixture of small peptides and amino acid derivatives isolated from human urine which show a unique pattern of growth inhibition in the tissue culture of human neoplastic cells and no significant animal toxicity. Clinical trials described in this paper involved 15 patients diagnosed with advanced neoplastic diseases. The patients' diagnoses included: lung cancer, stage III (4 cases); breast, stages III and IV (3); colorectal, stage IV (2); bladder (2); and single cases of adenocarcinoma of the jejunum, stage IV; adenocarcinoma of the prostate, stage IV; adenocarcinoma of the ovary, stage IV and astrocytoma, grade IV. Antineoplaston A5 was administered daily in divided doses intravenously through a subclavian vein catheter. The formulation was given from 47 to 130 days. The highest dosage attained was 153 mg/kg/24 h. Adverse effects included febrile reaction in five patients, arthralgia in one patient and premature beats and pressure in the chest in one patient. The side-effects were very mild and usually experienced only once during the entire course of treatment. Desirable side-effects included increase of platelet count, increase of white blood cell count and hypertrophy of epidermis. Nine patients (60%) had objective response to the treatment. They were diagnosed with cancer of the lung (3 patients), breast (2), colorectal (2) and bladder (2). Four patients had increasing disease and two patients were classified as having stable disease without objective improvement.
Literacy for Adults in Fragile States: Design Adaptations for Successful Implementation

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper reviews the benefits and challenges of providing adult literacy education services in fragile states. The goal of the paper is to provide guidance to adult literacy practitioners and program planners about design adaptations based on the challenges in such settings. Using project experiences from Sudan and Afghanistan and existing literature on education in emergency settings, this paper proposes practical suggestions for implementing adult literacy programs in fragile states. A comparison of recent reviews of adult literacy program implementation is followed by options for adaptations to program design in fragile states, including suggestions for what should count as successful outcomes of such programs. Finally, the paper calls for research and collective interagency dialogue to capture lessons from adult literacy programs currently running in fragile states.
Perspectives on Structural, Physiological, Cellular, and Molecular Responses to Desiccation in Resurrection Plants

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Resurrection plants possess a unique ability to counteract desiccation stress. Desiccation tolerance (DT) is a very complex multigenic and multifactorial process comprising a combination of physiological, morphological, cellular, genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolic processes. Modification in the sugar composition of the hemicellulosic fraction of the cell wall is detected during dehydration. An important change is a decrease of glucose in the hemicellulosic fraction during dehydration that can reflect a modification of the xyloglucan structure. The expansins might also be involved in cell wall flexibility during drying and disrupt hydrogen bonds between polymers during rehydration of the cell wall. Cleavages by xyloglucan-modifying enzymes release the tightly bound xyloglucan-cellulose network, thus increasing cell wall flexibility required for cell wall folding upon desiccation. Changes in hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins (HRGPs) such as arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) are also observed during desiccation and rehydration processes. It has also been observed that significant alterations in the process of photosynthesis and photosystem (PS) II activity along with changes in the antioxidant enzyme system also increased the cell wall and membrane fluidity resulting in DT. Similarly, recent data show a major role of ABA, LEA proteins, and small regulatory RNA in regulating DT responses. Current progress in “- omic ” technologies has enabled quantitative monitoring of the plethora of biological molecules in a high throughput routine, making it possible to compare their levels between desiccation-sensitive and DT species. In this review, we present a comprehensive overview of structural, physiological, cellular, molecular, and global responses involved in desiccation tolerance.
Some Misunderstandings of Polybius in Livy

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract Livy's text shows only a few misunderstandings of Polybius' Greek, and it is misleading to speak of Livy as somehow being negligent. There are, however, a few examples where technical military language creates confusion, such as the practice of lowering spears to horizontal position in order to attack, which Livy renders using Latin ponere, giving the meaning of 'laying down' spears; similarly, Livy's account of the siege of Ambracia in 189 BC also contains two confusions (one of which may arise from an early corruption to Polybius' text). The chapter also examines occasions where Livy's adoption of present tenses from Polybius' description of matters that are current creates what are in effect anachronisms in Livy's own time.
Contact Modifications for CFD Simulations of Fixed-Bed Reactors: Cylindrical Particles

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

One of the major issues for particle-resolved CFD simulations of fixed beds are particle–particle and particle–wall contacts. A fixed bed of cylinders is studied with different local contact modifications (i.e., caps and bridges method for line and area contacts, and caps and united method for overlaps resulting from composite DEM particles). Effects are analyzed regarding pressure drop, local velocity, and local heat transfer for 191 < Rep < 763. Modeling particle–wall contacts is becoming more important with increasing Rep. Contact modifications inside the bed are becoming less important because convective heat transfer is dominant. The stable caps method shows promising results in comparison with heat-transfer predictions. However, it overestimates convective heat transfer in the contact regions for high flow rates. The bridges method shows good results for pressure drop and heat-transfer predictions. A difficulty remains the choice of the thermal conductivity of these bridges.
Dataset for research paper "Heracleum sosnowskyi plants frost-resistance in laboratory and field experiments"

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Dataset for research paper "Heracleum sosnowskyi plants frost-resistance in laboratory and field experiments". The Heracleum sosnowsky plants has low freezing tolerance and die in temperature range minus 6–12 °С. Snow cover provides stable soil temperature (not lower than minus 3 °С) and is the only factor that ensures the survival of H. sosnowsky plants in the regions with cold winter. The H. sosnowsky frost tolerance is higher in autumn (up to minus 12 °С) and became lower at spring (minus 5–7 °С). These results can be explained by absence of deep dormancy in H. sosnowskyi meristem tissues and gradual change of carbohydrate content in them during the cold period. The seeds have high freezing tolerance after its formation but lost it after stratification. The field experiments were carried out by participants of citizen science project “Moroz”. It was shown that H. sosnowskyi plant eradication probability with the help of snow removal completely depends on weather conditions. This method can be used only on the territories where the use of herbicides is prohibited and only in the regions with minimal temperature in January – Febrary not higher than minus 25 °С. The dataset with all measurements made during the experiments is available on the site of “Moroz” project (http://proborshevik.ru).
Doctors' perspectives on the barriers to appropriate prescribing in older hospitalized patients: a qualitative study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Aims Older patients commonly suffer from multimorbidites and take multiple medications. As a result, these patients are more vulnerable to potentially inappropriate prescribing ( PIP ). PIP in older patients may result in adverse drug events (ADEs) and hospitalizations. However, little has been done to identify why PIP occurs. The objectives of this study were (i) to identify hospital doctors' perceptions as to why PIP occurs, (ii) to identify the barriers to addressing the issues identified and (iii) to determine which intervention types would be best suited to improving prescribing. Methods Semi‐structured interviews based on the Theoretical Domains Framework ( TDF ), a tool used to apply behaviour change theories, were conducted with 22 hospital doctors. Content analysis was conducted to identify domains of the TDF that could be targeted to improve prescribing for older people. These domains were then mapped to the behaviour change wheel to identify possible intervention types. Results Content analysis identified five of the 12 domains in the TDF as relevant: (i) environmental context and resources, (ii) knowledge, (iii) skills, (iv) social influences and (v) memory/attention and decision processes. Using the behaviour change wheel, the types of interventions deemed suitable were those based on training and environmental restructuring. Conclusion This study shows that doctors feel there is insufficient emphasis on geriatric pharmacotherapy in their undergraduate/postgraduate training. An intervention providing supplementary training, with particular emphasis on decision processes and dealing with social influences would be justified. This study has, however, uncovered many areas for potential intervention in the future.
The Midnight Ride of Kwame Nkrumah and Other Fables of Bandung (Ban-doong)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The battle against colonialism has been a long one, and do you know that today is a famous anniversary in that battle?On the eighteenth day of April, on thousand seven hundred and seventy five, just one hundred and eighty years ago, Paul Revere rode at midnight through the New England countryside, warning of the approach of British troops and of the opening of the American War of Independence, the first successful anti-colonial war in history.
A Preliminary Analysis of Indiana Schools’ Implementation of Virtual Instruction and CS Education in the 2020-2021 School Year

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Two datasets, published by the Indiana Department of Education (IDOE) related to Indiana schools’ implementation of virtual education and computer science (CS) instruction during the 2020-2021 school year, were analyzed. This research aims to explore schools’ virtual instructional practices during the unprecedented educational disruptions and understand the preparedness and execution of CS curricula. With quantitative and qualitative approaches, we first evaluated the percentages of different instructional modes, school districts’ implementation of virtual instruction, their support for students, successes and barriers schools experienced, as well as their future plans regarding virtual learning. Findings indicate that hybrid and virtual instruction were prevalent, with disparities in technology access and instructional quality, and schools shared barriers related to technology resources, teacher preparedness, and student engagement. In addition, this study reveals the unequal implementation of CS education, particularly in lower grade levels, underscoring the need for more dedicated resources and teacher support. These insights may help inform future educational strategies for multi-modality instruction and enhance the integration of CS education in K-12 curricula. Keywords: virtual instruction, computer science education, Indiana schools, technology access, teacher support.
Data from Targetable T-type Calcium Channels Drive Glioblastoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<div>Abstract<p>Glioblastoma (GBM) stem-like cells (GSC) promote tumor initiation, progression, and therapeutic resistance. Here, we show how GSCs can be targeted by the FDA-approved drug mibefradil, which inhibits the T-type calcium channel Cav3.2. This calcium channel was highly expressed in human GBM specimens and enriched in GSCs. Analyses of the The Cancer Genome Atlas and REMBRANDT databases confirmed upregulation of Cav3.2 in a subset of tumors and showed that overexpression associated with worse prognosis. Mibefradil treatment or RNAi-mediated attenuation of Cav3.2 was sufficient to inhibit the growth, survival, and stemness of GSCs and also sensitized them to temozolomide chemotherapy. Proteomic and transcriptomic analyses revealed that Cav3.2 inhibition altered cancer signaling pathways and gene transcription. Cav3.2 inhibition suppressed GSC growth in part by inhibiting prosurvival AKT/mTOR pathways and stimulating proapoptotic survivin and BAX pathways. Furthermore, Cav3.2 inhibition decreased expression of oncogenes (PDGFA, PDGFB, and TGFB1) and increased expression of tumor suppressor genes (TNFRSF14 and HSD17B14). Oral administration of mibefradil inhibited growth of GSC-derived GBM murine xenografts, prolonged host survival, and sensitized tumors to temozolomide treatment. Our results offer a comprehensive characterization of Cav3.2 in GBM tumors and GSCs and provide a preclinical proof of concept for repurposing mibefradil as a mechanism-based treatment strategy for GBM. <i>Cancer Res; 77(13); 3479–90. ©2017 AACR</i>.</p></div>