jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Evidence and practical knowledge

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Clinical judgment does not generate the puzzle just described because it is propositional: the current best evidence and patient preferences justify propositions about patient care. The puzzle of evidence-based practice arises when one try to link guidelines to activities. Even if qualitative evidence made tacit knowledge explicit, people remain stuck with the problem of how to re-embed it into practice. While Gweneth Doane and Coleen Varcoe have understood the puzzle of evidence-based practice more deeply than most other authors, their positive solution fares no better than the other attempts. The solution to the puzzle of evidence-based practice requires to think differently about human agency and action. The ecological conception of agency is a complex bundle of interacting, but partially autonomous, embodied capacities with which people engage the environment. Some of these capacities are conscious, in the sense that people can report them to others; some of these capacities are not penetrable by self-reflection.
Low-velocity impact performance of lattice structure core based sandwich panels

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper outlines the findings of a study on a range of stainless steel and titanium alloy lattice structures manufactured using the selective laser melting technique. The effect of varying key manufacturing parameters on the properties of lattice strands was studied through a series of single-filament tensile tests. The resulting failure mechanisms were investigated using a scanning electron microscope. The resulting observations have shown that the properties of these lattice strands are determined by the laser energy during the manufacturing process, which in turn is controlled by the laser power and laser exposure time. The quasi-static and low-velocity penetration behaviour of lattice core-based sandwich panels has been examined, and an aluminium foam and an aluminium honeycomb were chosen to benchmark their performance. The impact resistance of the lattice core-based sandwich structures were shown to be dependent on both the manufacturing parameters and lattice unit-cell geometry of the lattice structure. The impact resistances were improved by increasing manufacturing laser energy and lattice core density. A series of drop-weight tests at velocities up to 6 m/s have shown that the penetration behaviour of the titanium alloy lattice cores and the aluminium honeycomb cores is similar.
A Systematic Review on Biochemical Perspectives on Natural Products in Wound Healing: Exploring Phytochemicals in Tissue Repair and Scar Prevention

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Wound healing is a critical process in tissue repair following injury, and traditional herbal therapies have long been utilized to facilitate this process. This review delves into the mechanistic understanding of the significant contribution of pharmacologically demonstrated natural products in wound healing. Natural products, often perceived as complex yet safely consumed compared to synthetic chemicals, play a crucial role in enhancing the wound‐healing process. Drawing upon a comprehensive search strategy utilizing databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, this review synthesizes evidence on the role of natural products in wound healing. While the exact pharmacological mechanisms of secondary metabolites in wound healing remain to be fully elucidated, compounds from alkaloids, phenols, terpenes, and other sources are explored here to delineate their specific roles in wound repair. Each phytochemical group exerts distinct actions in tissue repair, with some displaying multifaceted roles in various pathways, potentially enhancing their therapeutic value, supported by reported safety profiles. Additionally, these compounds exhibit promise in the prevention of keloids and scars. Their potential alongside economic feasibility may propel them towards pharmaceutical product development. Several isolated compounds, including chlorogenic acid, thymol, and eugenol from natural sources, are undergoing investigation in clinical trials, with many reaching advanced stages. This review provides mechanistic insights into the significant role of pharmacologically demonstrated natural products in wound healing processes.
Snapshots of sequential polyphosphide rearrangement upon metallatetrylene addition

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Insertion and functionalization of gallasilylenes [L Ph Si–Ga(Cl)L BDI ] (L Ph = PhC(N t Bu) 2 ; L BDI = [{2,6- i Pr 2 C 6 H 3 NCMe} 2 CH]) into the cyclo -E 5 rings of [Cp*Fe( η 5 -E 5 )] (Cp* = η 5 -C 5 Me 5 ; E = P, As) are reported.
Effect of Long-term Fertilization and Manuring on Soil Enzyme Activity in Rice-rice Cropping System in Semi-arid Southern India

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Nutrient management practices have huge influence on soil biological health. The present study was conducted during kharif-2021 in the on-going AICRP on LTFE after 21 years of continuous application of fertilizers and manures to estimate the enzymatic activities i.e., urease and dehydrogenase activity at different growth stages of rice crop. In all the treatments, enzymes exhibited higher activity at flowering stage and thereafter the activity was decreased towards harvesting stage of the rice crop. Among all the treatments, FYM and 100% NPK+FYM treatments recorded highest dehydrogenase and urease activity, respectively as compared with all other treatments. Balanced fertilizer application i.e., 100% NPK also recorded significantly higher enzymatic activity compared with imbalanced fertilizer treatments i.e., 100% N and 100% NP during all the stages of crop growth period. Integrated nutrient management (100%NPK+FYM), FYM and 100% NPK are the best treatment with respect, to increasing enzymatic activity as compared with all other treatments. Grain yield of rice varied from 4078 kg ha-1 to 6569 kg ha-1during kharif-2021. Among all the treatments, maximum grain yield (6569 kg ha-1) was obtained with 100% NPK+FYM. Lower grain yield (4078 kg ha-1) was recorded in the treatment 100% N. Integrated use of inorganic fertilizer and organic manure resulted in higher growth parameters and maximum yield of rice. The combined use of organic as well as inorganic source of plant nutrients could be a sustainable option for optimizing the yield of rice in rice-rice cropping system in semi-arid southern India.
Assessment of Innovative Therapies: A Mode-of-Action Approach

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Genetic associations between rheumatoid arthritis and specific HLA class II genes provide clues to understanding the molecular basis for disease susceptibility.There is a remarkable structural relationship among different rheumatoid arthritis (RA) susceptibility genes, in which each of the associated class II alleles encodes a sequence of key amino acids termed the 'shared epitope.' Mechanistic models to account for the shared epitope association with RA can be interpreted in the context of an HLA-directed pathway for the development of disease.We suggest that altered T cell activation results from recognition of the shared epitope, providing a potential mechanism by which the shared epitope may be involved in the generation or modulation of self-recognition during antigen presentation and processing.We propose that the shared epitope association with RA is not solely based on a specific peptide binding motif and peptide determinant selection but rather is influenced by a strongly biased direct recognition of shared epitope residues by direct T cell contact.
Monitoring, browsing and being aware – Keeping abreast and staying updated with professional information in Swedish regional libraries

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

A substantial part of the work conducted by librarians at Swedish regional libraries concerns staying alert and informed in ways that allow for continuous development of the kind of knowledge and abilities that are required for doing a qualified job, but this part of the work is elusive and hard to identify. This paper presents an empirical study that elucidates this specific kind of work of keeping abreast and updated with professional information. Empirical data were produced through interviews and logbooks with 10 members of staff at 4 regional libraries in Sweden. The data were analysed by employing Marcia Bates’ model of different information-seeking modes. The results of the study show that the activity in focus is seamlessly intertwined with other work activities and enacted in a variety of ways that are adapted after other work tasks (than the information seeking in itself) and dependent on individual preferences and routines. Since there is a certain conception of this activity as something that should be carried out in a certain systematic way and since it is something that one as a librarian ought to be good at, it is furthermore often associated with a normative dimension that provokes a sense of guilt among the study participants.
Magnetic pinch-type instability in stellar radiative zones

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The solar tachocline is shown as hydrodynamically stable against nonaxisymmetric disturbances if it is true that no cos 4 θ term exists in its rotation law. We also show that the toroidal field of 200 Gauss amplitude which produces the tachocline in the magnetic theory of Rüdiger & Kitchatinov (1997) is stable against nonaxisymmetric MHD disturbances – but it becomes unstable for rotation periods slightly slower than 25 days. The instability of such weak fields lives from the high thermal diffusivity of stellar radiation zones compared with the magnetic diffusivity. The growth times, however, result as very long (of order of 10 5 rotation times). With estimations of the chemical mixing we find the maximal possible field amplitude to be ~500 Gauss in order to explain the observed lithium abundance of the Sun. Dynamos with such low field amplitudes should not be relevant for the solar activity cycle. With nonlinear simulations of MHD Taylor-Couette flows it is shown that for the rotation-dominated magnetic instability the resulting eddy viscosity is only of the order of the molecular viscosity. The Schmidt number as the ratio of viscosity and chemical diffusion grows to values of ~20. For the majority of the stellar physics applications, the magnetic-dominated Tayler instability will be quenched by the stellar rotation.
Histological type of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma differentiated by genetic alteration from AP-PCR fingerprint.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), the malignant neoplasm of the biliary epithelium, is usually fatal due to difficulty in early diagnosis and lack of availability of effective therapy. The genetic mechanisms involved in the development of CCA are not well understood and only a few cytogenetic studies have been published. In this study, genomic instability in 30 Thai cases of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) was assessed using an arbitrarily primed- polymerase chain reaction (AP-PCR) method. Genetic alterations were analyzed as banding pattern changes between tumors and corresponding normal DNA. The abnormal band present at the highest frequency (23/30 cases, 77%) appeared with the AO16 primer. Statistical analysis also showed that DNA alteration from this primer was significantly associated with the moderately to poorly differentiated histological type (P=0.038). Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed borderline significance for this DNA aberration (P=0.06 by the log-rank test). This DNA fragment may thus be of use to predict degree of malignancy of the disease.
Disturbance of sand samples obtained by piston samplers and ground freezing

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

High quality sampling of sand and silty sands is extremely challenging. Undisturbed samples of sand can be obtained by means of very expensive and time-consuming techniques such as ground freezing. Given the high costs and expertise required to obtain undisturbed sand samples through ground freezing, piston sampling techniques are usually used in engineering practice. This paper summarises the experiences, technical difficulties, disturbance analyses and issues encountered during sand sampling at the Norwegian Research Site at Øysand using piston sampling and ground freezing technology. Two state-of-the-art piston samplers were used (NGI-Geonor composite piston sampler and Geonor K-200 thin-wall push piston sampler) along with the state-of-the-art Japanese gel push piston sampler. Ground freezing was successfully achieved also both on sands and silty sands at Øysand. Sample disturbance was assessed qualitatively and quantitatively through analysis of micro-computed tomography images. Results from these analyses provide an overview of the strengths and weaknesses of the three piston samplers in comparison with ground freezing, together with recommendations for sampling of sands using piston techniques.
California Protocol for Measuring 60 Hz Magnetic Fields in Residences

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract A measurement protocol to assess extremely low-frequency magnetic fields inside residences was developed and tested. The protocol was designed to provide measurements that could be used to compare or rank different residences on the basis of the magnitude of the alternating magnetic field. The recommended protocol has a structured component that consists of spot readings obtained at the center of frequently occupied rooms under normal power conditions. These readings are averaged together to give a summary measure for the home. The protocol also contains an optional unstructured component to assist in identifying local sources such as appliances and to map field profiles from distribution power-lines near residences. A pilot study was conducted to develop an easy but reliable sampling strategy for the spot measurements. A total of 252 measurements were collected in 14 San Francisco Bay Area residences under both normal-power and low-power conditions. Analysis of the results showed that differences between homes were the most important factor, and differences between rooms were a significant but relatively minor component. No significant differences were observed between measurements at different locations in a room or between low-power and normal-power conditions at the center of a room. These results indicate that the recommended protocol should provide a reliable method for comparing the average magnetic field intensity between homes. Yost, M.G.; Lee, G.M.; Duane, D.; Fisch, J.; Neutra, R.R.: California Protocol for Measuring 60 Hz Magnetic Fields in Residences. Appl. Occup. Environ. Hyg. 7(11):772–777; 1992.
Stiffness matrix for a non‐prismatic beam‐column element

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract An algorithm is presented which generates an element stiffness matrix for non‐prismatic beam‐column members using Newmark's numerical procedure of successive approximations. The resulting element stiffness matrix on element co‐ordinates is fond to be in excellent agreement with those available for limiting cases. An approximate stability analysis conducted on the covergence of the numerical scheme shows that the proposed algorithm is stable. The critical buckling loads for various and conditions are computed as part of the computational scheme. A computer program listing in FORTRAN IV is included which will handle essentially and order and/or kind of non‐prismaticity of beam elements. The results are presented in the conventional and convenient coefficient format.
The Relationship Among Demographics and Risk Attitude in Predicting Health Plan Enrollment

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Age, salary, family status, and health status are reported to be linked to high deductible health plan (HDHP) enrollment for pre-Affordable Care Act (ACA) health plans. There has been little research on HDHP enrollment post-ACA. This study quantitatively examined the demographic variables and attitude toward risk that contribute to enrollment in a HDHP that conforms to the ACA minimum essential coverage standards. Risk taking was measured by the Domain Specific Risk Taking Scale. Other independent variables were participant age, annual salary, employee status, enrollment tier, and gender. There were 144 participants recruited from the Amazon Mechanical Turk platform who participated in the research survey. The results of binary logistic regression analysis indicated that age and the presence of children on coverage predict HDHP enrollment. Older employees and employees with at least 1 child on coverage are less likely to enroll in a HDHP. As almost 40% of adults in the United States are covered under a HDHP and this number is expected to increase, it is important to determine the factors related to HDHP enrollment. By identifying the factors related to HDHP enrollment, better educational materials may be developed for employees related to the complex and often confusing insurance decision-making process thus supporting positive social change in the health insurance industry.
Second-order phase transitions and divergent linear response in dynamical mean-field theory

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Second-order phase transitions appear as a divergence in one of the linear response functions. For a system of correlated electrons, the relevant divergent response can and does involve many-particle observables, most famously the double occupancy. Generally, evaluating the linear response function of many-particle observables requires a many-particle generalization of the Bethe-Salpeter equation. However, here I show that the divergence of linear response functions in dynamical mean-field theory is governed by a two-particle Bethe-Salpeter equation, even for many-particle observables. The reason for this is that the divergence at the second-order phase transition is produced by the self-consistent feedback of the dynamical mean-field.
Electronic Governance Building of Public Trust: Electronic Services Analysis in Bangladesh

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Public confidence in their administration has slowly declined worldwide. Public trust is recognized as the prerequisite for successful government. With Internet advent, ICTs have far beyond our expectations by influencing society and the government's dependency on ICTs. In addition, e-Governance and trust encourage one another: e-Government fosters confidence, and vice versa. Another approach to build public confidence in government and improve citizens' perceptions of the government might be the development of electronic governance. At the same time numerous governmental agencies have entered the digital highway both in emerging and industrialized nations and offered electronic services to the public. However, e-governance throughout the whole world is a matter of trust, since the issue of confidence in management is still to be resolved. This study aims to show the effects of online services and activities that are essential to establishing government confidence. Obviously, the link between public confidence and the utilization of ICT-based service delivery remains substantial. The study demonstrates that e-government efforts may improve public confidence by enhancing relationships and responsiveness and promoting methods of participation. The government of Bangladesh has therefore implemented various e-service devices/avenues, from education and public service services through law enforcement. Despite good effects, establishing confidence in e-government presented specific obstacles for changing governance contexts.
<title>Detecting man-made objects in aerial reconnaissance images</title>

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The use of model-based approaches in the detection and identification of man-made objects is encountered frequently in the literature today. These approaches generally depend on very high resolution imagery, and must first be cued to an approximate location of these objects. The approaches are also highly computationally intensive and, therefore, cannot be relied upon to perform broad sweeps in either a real time scenario or during training stages. It is therefore necessary to preprocess imagery with techniques that are less expensive in computer processing and more general in their approach to detection. With these requirements in mind we examine a modified form of the chord transform in the detection of man-made objects in an image. In addition, since the chord transform is an O(N4) algorithm, we explore the possibility of a parallel implementation of this approach in a SIMD architecture. The resulting mechanism is capable of quickly identifying straight lines, right angles, parallel lines, and arcs in an image. These primitives are indicative of man-made objects in an image.
Economic analysis of sturgeon fingerling production in Iran

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This study was conducted to provide procedures for increasing the productivity and profitability of sturgeon culture in Iran. We designed a questionnaire covering economic and ecologic aspects of the activity and distributed it to an expert team comprised economists, statisticians and aquaculturist experts. The team completed the questionnaires to determine the costs of production ofa single sturgeon fingerling in Iran, considering all sturgeon centers. Also, documents available in different sections of Iranian Fisheries, specially, accounting, budgeting and stock enhancement offices were resorted to. Cost of labour comprised 55% of expenditures whereas costs of feeding and fertilizer were found to be 14%. The maintenance cost was assessed as 7% and fertilized eggs cost was 6%. Results showed that on average, the production cost of a single sturgeon fingerling in Iran in the year 2000 was 992 Rls. Among all of the sturgeon breeding centers in Iran, Shahid Rajaee Aquaculture center had the lowest cost of production with 477 Rls. while Shahid Beheshti center had the highest cost amounting to 1224 Rls. The cost of labour has a large share in total expenditures, somewhat caused by the center not being active for six months each year. Tasking the labour force with other activities might reduce the total costs in such hatcheries.
Family Life – between Charism and Institution. Signalling Multidimensionality and Complexity of Human Interactions for Business Institutions and Society

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper analyses the complexity of family life, which includes both its charismatic and institutional aspects. Deepening the understanding of this basic social group can be useful in explaining how human beings in their decisions and actions, as well as organizations, unceasingly transcend different oppositions and dimensions. Undertaking this topic is not only important in the context of understanding the fundamental and complex experience of family life in the process of preparing and introducing new members to society, but also from the organizational perspective. It means that exploring the role of both dimensions – charismatic and institutional – which are somehow complementary, is crucial for understanding and harmonizing the different relationships and interactions within organizations, including business ones. In this way the article shows the connection between the functioning of the family and society (including organizations within it).