jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Splitting Strongly Almost Disjoint Families

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We say that a family $\mathcal {A} \subset {[\lambda ]^\kappa }$ is strongly almost disjoint if something more than just $|A \cap B| < \kappa$, e.g. that $|A \cap B| < \sigma < \kappa$, is assumed for $A$, $B \in \mathcal {A}$. We formulate conditions under which every such strongly a.d. family is "essentially disjoint", i.e. for each $A \in \mathcal {A}$ there is $F(A) \in {[A]^{ < \kappa }}$ so that $\{ A\backslash F(A):A \in \mathcal {A}\}$ is disjoint. On the other hand, we get from a supercompact cardinal the consistency of ${\text {GCH}}$ plus the existence of a family $\mathcal {A} \subset {[{\omega _{\omega + 1}}]^{{\omega _1}}}$ whose elements have pairwise finite intersections and such that it does not even have property $B$. This solves an old problem raised in [4]. The same example is also used to produce a graph of chromatic number ${\omega _2}$ on ${\omega _{\omega + 1}}$ that does not contain $[\omega ,\omega ]$, answering a problem from [5]. We also have applications of our results to "splitting" certain families of closed subsets of a topological space. These improve results from [${\mathbf {3}},{\mathbf {12}}$ and ${\mathbf {13}}$].
Nuclearity Control in Molecular Copper Phosphates Derived from a Bulky Arylphosphate: Synthesis, Structural and Magnetic Studies

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Starting from sterically encumbered 2,6‐di‐ tert ‐butylphenyl phosphate (dtbppH 2 ) and co‐ligand 3,5‐dimethyl pyrazole (dmpz), it is possible to isolate either mono‐, di‐ or tetranuclear copper phosphates by varying the copper source and making attendant changes in the reaction conditions. For example, reaction of copper nitrate with dtbppH 2 and dmpz at 60 °C leads to the isolation of the mononuclear copper phosphate [Cu(dtbppH) 2 (dmpz)(MeOH) 2 ] ( 1 ) as the only product. However, the use of copper acetate in place of copper nitrate and conducting the reaction at the room temperature leads to the formation of both dinuclear [Cu(dtbpp)(dmpz) 2 ] 2 ( 2 ) and tetranuclear [Cu 2 (dtbpp)(dmpz) 2 (OAc)(MeO)] 2 ( 3 ) from the same reaction mixture. Compounds 2 and 3 could be isolated in pure form through fractional crystallization. Copper phosphates 1 – 3 have been characterized by both analytical and spectroscopic methods including EPR and magnetic measurements. The molecular structures of all three compounds were established through single crystal diffraction studies. Dc magnetic measurements indicate antiferromagnetic interactions between the metal centres in all the compounds.
In Situ Characterization of Micro-Vibration in Natural Latex Membrane Resembling Tympanic Membrane Functionally Using Optical Doppler Tomography

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Non-invasive characterization of micro-vibrations in the tympanic membrane (TM) excited by external sound waves is considered as a promising and essential diagnosis in modern otolaryngology. To verify the possibility of measuring and discriminating the vibrating pattern of TM, here we describe a micro-vibration measurement method of latex membrane resembling the TM. The measurements are obtained with an externally generated audio stimuli of 2.0, 2.2, 2.8, 3.1 and 3.2 kHz, and their respective vibrations based tomographic, volumetric and quantitative evaluations were acquired using optical Doppler tomography (ODT). The micro oscillations and structural changes which occurred due to diverse frequencies are measured with sufficient accuracy using a highly sensitive ODT system implied phase subtraction method. The obtained results demonstrated the capability of measuring and analyzing the complex varying micro-vibration of the membrane according to implied sound frequency.
PWE-252 Trends in imaging and impact of diagnostic medical radiation in inflammatory bowel disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction Increasing use of diagnostic imaging in inflammatory bowel disease has led to concerns about the malignant potential of ionising radiation in a cohort that is already predisposed to malignancy. The aim was to quantify radiation exposure in inflammatory bowel disease patients referred from primary care, determine predictors of high exposure and evaluate temporal changes in imaging at a single centre. Methods Patients with a diagnosis of Crohn's disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC) were prospectively recruited from clinic between January 2011 and June 2011. Demographic and clinical data were obtained by scrutinising medical records. The number and type of imaging procedures was obtained from the radiology database which was first set up in 1990, we only included those diagnosed after the database was initiated. The effective dose of radiation from each test was estimated from published standardised tables. Cumulative effective dose (CED) was calculated for each subject by summing the effective doses of radiation from diagnosis until end of study period which was June 2011. Cox regression analysis was performed to assess for factors associated with potentially harmful levels of ionising radiation defined as total CED >50 mSv. Results The cohort included 415 patients. Median disease duration for Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis was 8.3 and 7.7 years. Median total CED was 7.2 mSv (IQR 3.0–22.7) in Crohn's disease and 2.8 mSv (IQR 0.8–8.9) in ulcerative colitis patients. A total of 32 patients (8%) received a CED >50 mSv. Multivariate analysis revealed a history of IBD related surgery had a HR of 7.7. During the study period usage of abdominal CT increased by 350%. Conclusion About 1 in 10 patients were exposed to potentially harmful levels of ionising radiation therefore strategies to reduce radiation exposure are needed. While there was an increased uptake of both MRI and small bowel ultrasound over the past 20 years use of CT also increased substantially. Competing interests None declared.
Etiology of cardiovascular disease in patients with schizophrenia: current perspectives

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Murat Emul,1 Tevfik Kalelioglu21Department of Psychiatry, Medical School of Cerrahpasa, Istanbul University, 2Department of Psychiatry, Bakirkoy Mental Health Research and Training Hospital, Istanbul, TurkeyAbstract: Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality are important problems among patients with schizophrenia. A wide spectrum of reasons, ranging from genes to the environment, are held responsible for causing the cardiovascular risk factors that may lead to shortening the life expectancy of patients with schizophrenia. Here, we have summarized the etiologic issues related with the cardiovascular risk factors in schizophrenia. First, we focused on heritable factors associated with cardiovascular disease and schizophrenia by mentioning studies about genetics–epigenetics, in the first-episode or drug-naïve patients. In this context, the association and candidate gene studies about metabolic disturbances in schizophrenia are reviewed, and the lack of the effects of epigenetic/posttranscriptional factors such as microRNAs is mentioned. Increased rates of type 2 diabetes mellitus and disrupted metabolic parameters in schizophrenia are forcing clinicians to struggle with metabolic syndrome parameters and related issues, which are also the underlying causes for the risk of having cardiometabolic and cardiovascular etiology. Second, we summarized the findings of metabolic syndrome-related entities and discussed the influence of the illness itself, antipsychotic drug treatment, and the possible disadvantageous lifestyle on the occurrence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) or diabetes mellitus. Third, we emphasized on the risk factors of sudden cardiac death in patients with schizophrenia. We reviewed the findings on the arrhythmias such as QT prolongation, which is a risk factor for Torsade de Pointes and sudden cardiac death or P-wave prolongation that is a risk factor for atrial fibrillation. For example, the use of antipsychotics is an important reason for the prolongation of QT and some other cardiac autonomic dysfunctions. Additionally, we discussed relatively rare issues such as myocarditis and cardiomyopathy, which are important for prognosis in schizophrenia that may have originated from the use of antipsychotic medication. In conclusion, we considered that the studies and awareness about physical needs of patients with schizophrenia are increasing. It seems logical to increase cooperation and shared care between the different health care professionals to screen and treat cardiovascular disease (CVD)-risk factors, MetS, and diabetes in patients with psychiatric disorders, because some risk factors of MetS or CVD are avoidable or at least modifiable to decrease high mortality in schizophrenia. We suggested that future research should focus on conducting an integrated system of studies based on a holistic biopsychosocial evaluation.Keywords: antipsychotic, cardiovascular risk, MetS, miRNA, QTc, schizophrenia
Integration of Vermicompost and NPS Fertilizer Rates for Sesame (&lt;i&gt;Sesamum indicum L&lt;/i&gt;.) Production at Gobu-Sayo District, Western Oromia, Ethiopia

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Effect of vermicompost rate and NPS Fertilizer integrated on sesame yield and yield components at Gobu Sayo district was assessed for two years. Different rates of vermicompost and NPS fertilizer were integrated, no treated or control, recommended vermicompost alone, (4.64 tons ha&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;), and recommended NPS alone fertilizer were also included as checks, 25:25, 25:50, 25:75, 50:25, 50:50, 50:75, 75:25, 75:50, 75:75 (%), vermicompost and NPS fertilizer respectively combined. Growth parameters such as plant height (116.67cm) and branch number (5.230) significantly (P&lt;0.05) affected by the use of integrated vermicompost and NPS fertilizer. Yield parameters biomass yield, (4.61 tons ha&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;), grain yield (0.45 tons ha&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;), and composite soil data before planting and postharvest soil data were taken and analyzed. Treatment (50% recommended vermicompost and 50% NPS fertilizer) gave 701kg ha&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; with (17,814.1 Ethiopia birr ha&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;), the highest net benefit with an acceptable marginal rate of return (45.52). Soil parameters, soil pH (1:1.2.5), soil organic carbon (SOC), soil organic matter (SOM), and total nitrogen in the soil (TN) were significantly different. Therefore, the results of the study showed that the integration of vermicompost and NPS fertilizers in sesame crop production is recommended and can improve the selected soil chemical properties of the study area and similar ecology.
Risk and Market Segmentation in Financial Intermediaries&apos; Returns

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

: This study examines both the quantity and price of risk exposure for different segments of financial intermediaries in order to determine whether market segmentation exists in the financial services industry in the United States. We distinguish between depository institutions, securities firms, insurance companies, mutual funds, and other financial firms using each company s SIC code. We find evidence of market segmentation in both market risk levels and market risk premiums. The results provide little evidence of interest rate risk exposure across all types of financial intermediaries, suggesting the prevalence of hedging programs using interest rate derivatives. However, the market prices interest rate risk exposure differentially by type of financial intermediary. We find that as a market segment, insurance companies were exposed to more interest rate risk particularly in the period late 1980 s to early 1990 s. The interest rate risk premium for banks was among the high...
The Effect of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Changes on the Survival of Hodgkin’s Lymphoma Patients (1980–2019)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background and Objectives: The overall- and progression-free survival rates of Hodgkin’s lymphoma patients have improved. Our goal was to examine the changes in our treatment results and their causes depending on the daily diagnostic and therapeutic practice. Materials and Methods: We analysed data of 776 classical Hodgkin lymphoma patients treated between 1980 and 2019. Patient data were investigated in ten-year periods (first period: 1980–1989, second period: 1990–1999, third period: 2000–2009, and fourth period: 2010–2019). Results: Radiotherapy alone as a first-line treatment was used progressively less often, and in the 4th period it was no longer used before or without chemotherapy. The use of combined chemo- and radiotherapy decreased in the last period, and the number of those patients who received only chemotherapy increased significantly. The 10-year overall survival improved significantly from 1990 to 1999 compared to 2010 to 2019 (74.9% vs. 86.9%). About 30% of patients relapsed after or were refractory to first-line therapy in each period. The incidence of relapse in the last period did not increase after two years, but there was no significant difference between the periods. Conclusions: Overall survival rates of HL patients have improved significantly in recent decades, which is due to improved diagnostic methods and modern therapies. Progression-free survival is unchanged; one-third of patients relapse or are refractory to first-line treatment within the first two years. Early recognition of R/R patients, the early application of newer and already available innovative therapies, and the finding of additional new and effective therapies are of particular importance.
International students' travel behaviour in Malaysia

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article focuses on determining the travel behaviour of international students studying in Malaysia. Questionnaire surveys on a total of 409 international postgraduate students of research universities (UPM, USM, UM, UTM, and UKM) in Malaysia were carried out. The results show that most of the international students had a tendency for travelling during semester breaks, staying in hotels, eating at fast food restaurants, and travelling with their friends for the purpose of having fun, and exploring new places. Sightseeing and shopping were identified as the most preferred activities by students and primary sources of information regarding potential destinations by international students the Internet and friends' recommendations. This study also found that the travel behaviour of the different students is strongly associated with their demographic characteristics.
Evaluating the Characteristics of a Novel DEMBIG Gel Dosimeter Using Computed Tomography

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Over the last two decades, radiotherapy techniques have become more sophisticated. Three-dimensional (3-D) dose verification is required to ensure accurate dose delivery to the planning target volume. Gel dosimeters have the potential to measure the 3-D dose distribution and thus can be applicable in radiotherapy. In this study, we developed a novel DEMBIG gel dosimeter based on the 2-(Dimethylamino) ethyl acrylate (DEMA) monomer and used computed tomography (CT) to evaluate its characteristics. The DEMBIG gel was composed of 7% gelatin, 5% monomer, and 4% crosslinker. The gel response to a dose from 1 to 25 Gy was examined. The energy dependence, dose rate dependence, and spatial resolution were evaluated as well. After 24 h post-irradiation, the DEMBIG gel reached steady state. The average sensitivity at the photon energy of 6 MV was 0.459 HU/Gy (R 2 =0.995). The variations in sensitivity between 6-, 10-, and 15-MV photons were lower than 3%, and the difference in sensitivity between the dose rate of 100 and 600 MU/min was 28%. For a beam profile of 3 × 6 cm 2 and 6 MV, the 80%-20% penumbra for 0/5, 0/15, and 5/15 Gy can be around 2.73, 6.24, and 2.34 mm, respectively. We conclude that the DEMBIG gel dosimeter has high linearity of R 2 = 0.995 and high sensitivity of 0.459 HU/Gy. With CT readout, it could be used in clinical radiotherapy to verify the accuracy of 3-D dose delivery.
Gender learning in Alice Munro’s short story entitled “Boys and Girls”

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The issues around gender is inexhaustible since gender can be analyzed from many perspectives. The focus of this paper is to discuss the gender learning experienced by the young girl in a short story entitled “Boys and Girls” written by Alice Munro. The discussion includes the young girl’s gender defiance, gender learning, and gender acceptance. To support the discussion several issues around gender are reviewed. Besides a comprehensive definition of gender, issues concerning doing gender, gender identity, gender order, gender segregation, gender learning, gender presentation, gender display, and others are reviewed. The analysis is also combined with the conversation analysis by considering the influence of the language that leads to gender learning of the female character in the short story. The methods used are a combination of library research method with its close reading, qualitative method, and contextual method. The result shows that gender learning is inevitable especially in an isolated place. Although the young girl tries to defy the gender learning she finally has to accept it. This situation correlates with Simone de Beauvoir’s statement “ONE is not born, but rather becomes, a woman” (De Beauvoir, 1956: 273) in her phenomenal book The Second Sex. Thus, the short story implies that being a girl in a strict male context is not easy, she has to surrender to the gender roles that are constructed for her, and the chances to actualize herself is limited or even non-existent.
Peer Review #1 of "Profile and clinical implication of circular RNAs in human papillary thyroid carcinoma (v0.1)"

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Background: Differently expressed circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been reported to play a considerable role in tumor behavior; however, the expression profile and biological function of circRNAs in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) remains unknown.Thus, the study was aimed to characterize the circRNA expression profile to comprehensively understand the biological behavior of PTC.Methods : We investigated the expression profile of circRNAs using circRNA microarray in three pairs of PTC and adjacent normal tissues.Quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to validate eight candidate circRNAs in 40 paired PTC tumors and adjacent normal samples.Next, we employed a bioinformatics tool to identify putative miRNA and circRNA-associated downstream genes, followed by constructing a network map of circRNA-miRNA-mRNA interactions and exploring the potential role of the candidate circRNAs.Results: In total, 206 up-and 177 downregulated circRNAs were identified in PTC tissues (fold change >1.5; P< 0.05).The expression levels of eight candidate circRNAs confirmed by qRT-PCR were significantly different between the PTC and normal samples.The downstream genes of candidate circRNAs participated in various biological processes and signaling pathways.The most up and downregulated circRNAs were hsa_circRNA_007148 and hsa_circRNA_047771.The lower expression level of hsa_circRNA_047771 was associated BRAFV600 mutation, lymph node metastasis (LNM), as well as with advanced TNM stage (all P<0.05).The higher expression level of hsa_circRNA_007148 was significantly correlated with LNM (P< 0.05).The areas under receiver operating curve were 0.876 (95% CI, 0.78-0.94)for hsa_circRNA_047771 and 0.846 (95% CI, 0.75-0.96)for hsa_circRNA_007148.Discussion: The study suggests that dysregulated circRNAs play a critical role in PTC pathogenesis.PTC-related hsa_circRNA_047771 and hsa_circRNA_007148 may serve as potential diagnostic biomarkers and prognostic predictors for PTC patients.
IRRADIATION SENSITIVITY OF 6 CULTIVARS IN Euphorbia pulcherrima

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The cuttings seedlings of 6 Euphorbia pulcherrima cultivars were irradiated by()~(60)Co γ-rays,and the effects on the survival rate and plant growth were investigated,the regression models were used to analyze relationship between the characters change and doses.The results showed that the growth of Euphorbia pulcherrima decreased after irradiation and the effect became stronger with the increase of irradiation dose.The indexes of survival rate,plant height,leaf length,leaf width and leaf area all had significant negative correlation with the irradiation doses.The medial lethal doses(LD50) of 6 Euphorbia pulcherrima cultivars were from 21.94 Gy to 28.71 Gy,and the radiosensitivity was different among cultivars.
NORMAN FLAX

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

NorMan is a medium-early, high-oil, high yielding oilseed flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) cultivar developed at the Agriculture Canada Research Station, Morden, Manitoba. The cultivar is immune to all North American races of rust (Melampsora lini (Ehrenb.) Lév.), resistance being conditioned by the L 6 gene. NorMan is adapted to all flax production areas of the Canadian prairies but is particularly well adapted to Manitoba conditions.Key words: Flax, oilseed, Linum usitatissimum L., cultivar description
Nomads and settlers in the research-technology regime: The case of transmission electron microscopy

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article presents historical evidence for the rise of a new type of research-technology community that deviates in several respects from the social and epistemic configurations of work that Terry Shinn described in his seminal writings on the origins of the research-technology regime. The more recent type of settlers is distinguished from a nomadic type, prevalent in Shinn’s work. It is argued that, despite many configurational differences, both types constitute functional equivalents for producing and disseminating generic instrumentation. An important difference, however, is the prolonged life expectancy of settler communities, resulting in long-term upgrading cycles. On the basis of a case study on transmission electron microscopy in Germany, the article investigates social and epistemic conditions facilitating the emergence and permanent institutionalization of a settler community. It seems that material resistances, hindering nomadic research practices, as well as support from scientific/industrial elites have great impact on the formation of settler communities.
Causal mechanisms in diaspora mobilizations for transitional justice

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Transitional justice and diaspora studies are interdisciplinary and expanding fields of study.Finding the right combination of mechanisms to forward transitional justice in post-conflict polities is an ongoing challenge for states and affected populations.Diasporas, as non-state actors with increased agency in homelands, host-lands, and other global locations, engage with their past from a distance, but their actions are little understood.This introductory article to a special issue develops a novel framework to study causal mechanisms and their underlying analytical rationalesemotional, cognitive, symbolic/value-based, strategic, and networks-based -linking diasporas and local actors in transitional justice.Mechanisms featured are: thin sympathetic response and chosen trauma, fear and hope, contact and framing, cooperation and coalition-building, brokerage, patronage, and connective action, among others.The contributors theorize about causal mechanisms and their sequences involving diasporas in multi-sited transitional justice processes and bring empirical evidence from various world regions.