jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
MRI Quantitative Estimation of CSF in Hydrocephalus

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To quantitatively study CSF in patients with hydrocephalus by using MRI cine PC technique.Materials and Methods On a 1.5T GE horizon Signa MRI unit, CSF flow volume and velocity at midbrain aqueduct, foramen magnum and C2 levels were separately estimated in 19 cases with obstructive hydrocephalus and in 16 cases with communicating hydrocephalus by using MRI cine PC technique. The results were analyzed.Results In patients with communicating hydrocephalus, the flow velocity and quantity in midbrain aqueduct were much higher than that in normal volunteers, the outflow and inflow peak velocity were 47.57±16.71 mm/s and 44.48±19.22 mm/s, respectively, while the quantity of outflow and inflow were 3.142±1.055 ml/s and 3.143±1.055 ml/s, respectively, with a magnitude range of 0±0.003 ml/s. At foramen magnum level, the outflow and inflow peak velocity were 1.37±0.44 mm/s and 1.33±0.41 mm/s, respectively, the quantity of outflow and inflow were 0.351±0.125 ml/s and 0.350±0.121 ml/s, respectively, with a magnitude range of 0.001±0.007 ml/s. At the level of C2, the outflow and inflow peak velocity were 2.41±1.27 mm/s and 2.95±1.15 mm/s, respectively, while the quantity of outflow and inflow were 0.521±0.214 ml/s and 0.519±0.214 ml/s, respectively, and the quantity magnitude range of CSF was 0.002±0.003 ml/s. In patients with obstructive hydrocephalus, no obvious CSF flow was found at the site of obstruction. At the level of foramen magnum, the outflow and inflow peak velocity were 4.83±2.25 mm/s and 4.72±1.81 mm/s, respectively. The quantity of outflow and inflow were 0.78±0.34 ml/s and 0.781±0.335 ml/s, respectively, with a magnitude range of 0.001±0.006 ml/s. At the level of C2, the outflow and inflow peak velocity were 4.63±2.17 mm/s and 4.38±1.89 mm/s, respectively. The quantity of outflow and inflow were 1.069±0.44217 ml/s and 1.067±0.44 ml/s, respectively, with a magnitude range of 0.002±0.004 ml/s.Conclusion MRI cine PC is a noninvasive technique to estimate CSF flow in physiological and pathological conditions. It provids useful information for the diagnosis and differentiation of hydrocephalus. This technique is superior than other modalities in studying the flow pattern, direction, speed and quantity of CSF.
Teaching animal learning and cognition: adapting to the online environment

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The number of online courses offered by institutions of higher education has been increasing sizably in the 21st century.As we write this article in 2020, though, the prevalence of online courses is taking an unexpected upturn as the global COVID-19 pandemic has led to a sudden transition of many in-person courses to remote, online delivery.The specific goal of this article is to share, in a timely manner, our experiences and insights from teaching an online course on animal learning and cognition for the last 7 years.A broader goal is to provide a resource that not only benefits instructors in the present circumstances but also supports course development, review, and redesign -for both on-campus and online curricula -into the future.To these ends, we discuss course organization, learning outcomes, activities, assessments, and considerations such as accessibility and academic integrity.We end with a "call for community" of instructors who share teaching resources, and we hope that this article, and its associated supplemental materials, may serve to support this endeavor.
A comparison of the fast timing behaviour of 4U 1705-44 to that of 4U 1608-52 and Cyg X-1

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We studied the fast timing behaviour of the atoll source 4U 1705-44 using the entire EXOSAT dataset, four observations covering a total of 230,000 seconds of 1-20 keV spectral and timing data. In one of the observations, 4U 1705-44 was in a low intensity "island" state and had an unusually hard spectrum. The fast timing analysis of this hard island state shows a power spectrum very similar to that of black hole candidates in the "low state", with a flat-topped band-limited noise component that gradually steepens towards higher frequency. We perform for the first time a quantitative comparison of the timing behaviour of an atoll source in the hard island state (4U 1705-44) with that of a black hole candidate in the low state (Cygnus X-1). We also compare the power spectrum of 4U 1705-44 in the hard island state with those of the atoll source 4U 1608-52 in a similar state as reported by Yoshida et al. (1993). Our results confirm that there are similarities between the fast timing behaviour of the hard island states of these atoll sources and the low state of black hole candidates, yet we also find significant differences in power spectral parameters; the power spectra of the neutron star systems have a lower rms amplitude and are less steep. We find a trend among the neutron star power spectral properties, in the sense that the lower the centroid frequency of the fitted Lorentzian is, the higher its fractional rms amplitude, and the steeper the continuum underneath it. We propose a new method to fit the power spectra of Cyg X-1 and other black hole candidates in the low state, that provides a significantly better fit than previous models.
Additional file 12 of Methylation in MAD1L1 is associated with the severity of suicide attempt and phenotypes of depression

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Additional file 12: Table S4. Linkage disequilibrium for investigated SNPs based on the output from ( https://snipa.helmholtz-muenchen.de/snipa3/ ) with default settings. Only associations between investigated SNPs are shown. Column description provided by SNIPA: QRSID, Query SNP rsID; RSID, Proxy SNP rsID; RSALIAS, Proxy SNP alias rsID(s); CHR, Chromosome; POS1, Sentinel SNP Position; POS2, Proxy SNP Position; DIST, Distance; R2, LD r^2; D, LD D; DPRIME, LD D'; MAJOR, Proxy Allele A; MINOR, Proxy Allele B; MAF, Allele B Frequency; CMMB, Recombination Rate (CM/Mb); CM, Genetic distance (CM); COMPEFFECTS, Compressed functional annotation of Proxy SNP; TRAIT, Associated with trait (yes/no); CISEQTL, Associated with eQTL in cis (yes/no); TRANSEQTL, Associated with eQTL in trans (yes/no); GENES, Genes hit or close-by (distance 5 KB max); REGGENES, Potentially regulated genes (linked via promoter or enhancer); EQTLGENES, Genes linked via eQTL associations. Abbreviations: SNP, single nucleotide polymorphism.
Classifieds

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTClassifiedsCite this: Chem. Eng. News 2014, 92, 41, 37Publication Date (Print):October 13, 2014Publication History Published online31 March 2015Published inissue 13 October 2014https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-09241-classifiedsCopyright © 2014 Chemical & Engineering NewsArticle Views5Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (999 KB) Get e-Alerts
New, shorter treatments for drug resistant TB are a lifeline for people living through conflict

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

New, shorter treatments drug resistant TB are a lifeline for people living through conflict Lakshmi Jain HIV/TB/hepatitis programme implementer On a recent visit to a camp for internally displaced people in South Sudan, I was asked to help treat a patient with drug resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB).Their life since they had been diagnosed with TB had been far from straightforward.When we asked them how we could help, it became clear that having TB was only one of the many challenges they faced.
Comparison of Axillary And Heating Block Methods of Activated Clotting Time (ACT) in Dogs

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Summary The activated clotting time (ACT) is commonly used in veterinary medicine as an assessment of dysfunction within the intrinsic clotting cascade. Performing the test requires little techincal expertise and no special equipment except for a heating block or constant temperature waterbath, neither of which is routinely found in veterinary practices. The purpose of this study was to determine whether performing the test using a human axilla as the heat source was accurate for both normal dogs and clinically ill dogs (with prolonged ACT's) when compared to using a heating block as the head source. The results of this study reveal that the axillary method of ACT determination has acceptable clinical agreement with the heating block method. Thus, the axillary method of ACT determination is an acceptable alternative when no constant temperature heating source is available.
Post harvest ripening of oil palm fruit is accelerated by application of exogenous ethylene.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Experiments were conducted with fresh fully mature fruit bunches of Tenera variety oil-palm. Palm fruit bunches were exposed to 0, 250, 500 or 1000 mlL-1 ethylene for 24 hours. Each fruit bunch was evaluated in three separate sections: the bottom, the middle, and the top. The exogenous ethylene treatments significantly hastened palm fruit ripening, quantified by an increase in the fruit peel coloring that turns from black to reddish orange. Ethylene treatments also significantly eased detaching the fruit, by reducing the tension force required. Total oil contents of fruit increased with 1000 mlL-1 ethylene treatment. Free fatty acids (FFA) in untreated palm fruit, especially in the bottom section, were at their highest levels 2 days after harvest, and the FFA levels were lowered by ethylene treatments. In summary, exogenous ethylene fumigation accelerated the ripening of oil palm fruit, increased oil yield, and decreased the FFA levels.
5 Grounding the Right to Health

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract This chapter offers a philosophical justification for the elusive ‘right to health’. It provides a framework for health reform efforts and covers the degree to which the right to health is ‘justiciable’ and enforceable as prescribed in international law. The health capability paradigm argues for the right to health as a meaningful and operational right, and recognizes that realizing it requires a commitment to, and internalization of, public moral norms on the part of self and society, in addition to legal instruments for enforcement. This chapter compares positive and negative rights in the Abigail Alliance v. Eschenbach case study of the constitutional right to medical self‐defence. The chapter concludes that a right to health cannot be framed in an absolute libertarian framework of wholly individualistic rights against the state, but requires the more positive conceptualization of freedom as human flourishing.
"Table 10" of "Beam Energy Dependence of the Third Harmonic of Azimuthal Correlations in Au+Au Collisions at RHIC"

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Representative results on $v_3^2\{2\}$ from Au+Au collisions as a function of $\Delta\eta$ for charged hadrons with pT > 0.2 GeV/c and |$\eta$| < 1.
Consumer Acceptance toward Functional Foods: A Scoping Review

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Chronic diseases (e.g., heart disease, cancer, diabetes) are of major public concern. Such chronic diseases are often caused by a dietary pattern characterized as relatively high in fat, refined sugar, salt, and cholesterol. Societal interest in consuming healthy foods and the demand for healthy food products have increased significantly. As a result, functional foods have gained significant research attention in the food health and technology innovations field. To date, many studies have investigated the factors that may predict consumer acceptance of functional foods, and a wide range of influential factors have been reported. However, studies conducted in different contexts pose challenges to gaining a clear understanding of the factors influencing consumer acceptance. Therefore, the purpose of our scoping review was to synthesize the possible determinants of consumer acceptance toward functional foods and provide a resource that describes global trends regarding consumers’ functional foods behavior. We identified 75 articles published with varying populations around the globe that empirically investigated consumers’ acceptance of functional foods. We identified and categorized a wide range of determinants related to consumer acceptance of different types of functional foods. The five categories of determinants were product characteristics, socio-demographic characteristics, psychological characteristics, behavioral characteristics, and physical characteristics. Each of the determinants were more fully described by sub-determinants in our scoping review. These determinants should be considered and used by leaders and scientists in product development to aid decision making and, ultimately, the successful launch of novel functional foods.
Production of Industrial Applicable Enzymes From Rhizopus Oryzae Through Response Surface Methodology

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract

The agricultural wastes are used for production of vital enzymes like cellulase, protease and lipase through Solid State Fermentation (SSF) which reveal their industrial potential aspect. This study was done to find out the ability of Rhizopus oryzae to produce lipase, protease and cellulase through SSF. Wheat bran showed maximum enzyme activities as related to others agricultural wastes. The enzymes showed maximum activities (21.4 ± 0.04) (4.6 ± 0.02 IU/mL) and (1.1 ± 0.01 IU/mL) for cellulase, lipase and protease respectively at temperature 25ºC and incubation period 72 hours. Response surface methodology (RSM) used to optimize conditions likes temperature, pH, moisture contents, inoculum size and substrate concentration. RSM revealed maximum enzyme activities using 100% moisture contents, temperature 25ºC, pH 5, substrate concentrations 12g and inoculum size of 6 mL. The method of ammonia sulphate precipitation used for the purification and crystallization of enzymes like lipase, protease and cellulase. The precipitation of cellulase, lipase and protease performed with 80%, 70% and 90% ammonium sulphate concentrations to increase yield. The characterization of lipase, protease, cellulase revealed that it worked best below acidic conditions (pH 5) and at moderate temperature (25ºC). The results revealed that the mold oryzae had potential to produce industrially important enzymes at acidic pH.
"The Relating Factors of Anxiety and Depression Among Hospital Workers During COVID-19 Era"

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

본 연구는 COVID-19에 대한 의료기관종사자의 불안, 우울 수준을 파악하고 불안, 우울에 영향을 주는 요인을 확인하고자 시행하였다. 연구자료는 광주광역시, 전라남·북도에 위치한 병원급 이상 의료기관 종사자를 대상으로 한 설문지 488부이다. 연구 결과 첫째, 인구 사회학적 특성에 따른 불안, 우울은 종교, 음주, 주관적 건강상태, 직장만족도, COVID-19 관련 교육, 사회적 거부, 연령, 결혼, 흡연, 소재지, 병상 수, 총 경력, 개인보호장비에서 통계적으로 유의한 연관이 있었다. 둘째, 불안과 우울은 위험 인식과 통계적으로 유의한 양(+)의 상관관계가 있었고, 우울은 안전환경, 개인보호장비 착용에서 통계적으로 유의한 음(-)의 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 의료기관 종사자의 COVID-19에 대한 불안 영향요인으로 음주, 주관적 건강상태, COVID-19 관련 교육, 직업 때문에 사회적 거부나 다른 부정적인 경험, 위험 인식이 영향요인으로 나타났고, 우울은 주관적 건강상태, 병상 수, 안전을 위해 제공되는 개인보호장비, 위험 인식이 영향요인으로 나타났다. 본 연구로 COVID-19에 대한 의료기관종사자들의 정신건강 향상을 위한 기초자료를 제공하고자 한다.
Viral and Bacterial Polymicrobial Interactions with Streptococcus pneumoniae in Otitis Media

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The major pediatric disease otitis media is caused by a variety of bacterial and viral etiological agents, which frequently act in combination to induce polymicrobial middle ear disease. <italic>Streptococcus pneumoniae</italic> is one of the two most commonly isolated bacterial pathogens of otitis media. This dissertation examines interactions of <italic>S. pneumoniae</italic> with nontypeable <italic>Haemophilus influenzae</italic>, the other leading bacterial cause of otitis media, and with adenovirus, a major cause of upper respiratory infections.
The two-stage evolution of homochirality: From sugars to protein via RNA

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Conference Abstract| October 01 2001 The two-stage evolution of homochirality: From sugars to protein via RNA J.M. Bailey J.M. Bailey 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, George Washington University Medical School, Washington, DC. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (2001) 29 (5): A113. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst029a113a Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation J.M. Bailey; The two-stage evolution of homochirality: From sugars to protein via RNA. Biochem Soc Trans 1 October 2001; 29 (5): A113. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst029a113a Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 2001 Biochemical Society2001 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Comparative Stability Analysis of Several Single-Phase Grid-Connected Inverters with Harmonic Compensation

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

When connected to distribution networks with distorted grid voltages, inverters can easily produce high levels of current harmonics. When these networks have high interface impedances, the control schemes designed to mitigate these harmonics can become destabilized. This paper compares the relative stability of several different control schemes used for this purpose. Specific comparisons are made when connected to a purely inductive grid with impedance as high as 10% per unit. The paper compares multiple resonant control, repetitive control, and a new multirate control scheme based on peak-mode current control.
Supplementary material S2: Optimization of assembly parameters and filtering of individuals and loci from Urbanization without isolation: the absence of genetic structure among cities and forests in the tiny acorn ant Temnothorax nylanderi

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Urban alteration of neutral and adaptive evolutionary processes is still underexplored. Using a genome-wide SNP dataset, we investigated (i) urban-induced modifications of population demography, genetic diversity and population structure and (ii) signature of divergent selection between urban and forest populations in the ant species, Temnothorax nylanderi. Our results did not reveal an impact of urbanization on neutral processes since we observed: (i) analogous genetic diversity among paired urban/forest sites and two control populations; (ii) weak population genetic structure explained neither by habitat (urban versus forest) nor by geography; (iii) a remarkably similar demographic history across populations with an ancestral growth followed by a recent decline, regardless of their current habitat or geographical location. The micro-geographical home range of ants may explain their resilience to urbanization. Finally, we detected 19 candidate loci discriminating urban/forest populations and associated with core cellular components, molecular function or biological process. Two of these loci were associated with a gene ontology term that was previously found to belong to a module of co-expressed genes related to caste phenotype. These results call for transcriptomics analyses to identify genes associated with ant social traits and to infer their potential role in urban adaptation.
Monosodium Glutamate Maintains Antioxidant Balance in the Neuro-Retinal Axis of Male Wistar Rats

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract

Purpose Information on monosodium glutamate (MSG) safety in the eye-brain axis remains scarce. The objective of the study was to establish changes in calcium (Ca2+) concentrations, catalase activity, Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and identify any major histological changes associated with parenteral and feed supplementation of MSG in male Wistar rats. This is important to guide policy on human consumption of food additives.Methods Thirty adult male Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups (n = 6) for a period of one month. Group I and IV were treated with MSG 6g/kg and 60 mg/kg subcutaneous, while groups II and III at 5% and 2% MSG feed supplement. Group V was the control group treated with normal saline (no MSG). The eye and brain were analyzed for Ca2+, catalase, MDA levels and histological analysis was done using Hematoxylin and Eosin staining.Results Calcium levels in the eye was reduced at high (6g/kg/day and 5% s.c) MSG treatments while in the brain these remained constant. Since Ca2+ plays a crucial role in catalase activity, levels of catalase were not affected in eye-brain axis. MDA levels were elevated at high MSG treatments and no structural changes in the retina of the eye and no damage were found in the brain.Conclusion MSG maintained catalase levels, Ca2+ and no structural changes were observed in the eye and brain.
Meta-Reinforcement Learning in Time-Varying UAV Communications: Adaptive Anti-Jamming Channel Selection

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) communication networks are vulnerable to malicious jamming and co-channel interference, deteriorating the performance of the networks. Therefore, the exploration of anti-jamming methods to enhance communication security becomes a significant challenge. In this paper, we propose a novel anti-jamming channel selection scheme in a multi-channel multi-UAV network. We first formulate the anti-jamming problem as a Partially Observable Stochastic Game (POSG), where the UAV pairs with partial observability compete for a limited number of communication channels against a Markov jammer. To ensure rapid adaptation to the dynamic jamming environment, we propose a Meta-Mean-Field Q-learning (MMFQ) algorithm, which provides a Nash Equilibrium (NE) solution to the POSG problem. Furthermore, we derive the expressions of the upper bound for the loss function of MMFQ and prove the convergence of the proposed algorithm. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can achieve a superior average reward compared to the benchmark algorithms, facilitating throughput enhancement and resource utilization increase, especially for large-scale UAV communication networks.