jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The development and initial validation of a screening scale for antenatal anxiety

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Background: Anxiety during pregnancy is a strong predictor of postnatal depression and can negatively impact on a range of child developmental outcomes. Recent reviews highlight the lack of anxiety measures with robust psychometric properties for screening use in pregnancy. \nAim: This research aimed to develop a brief self-report scale specifically constructed to identify problematic anxiety symptoms in pregnant women, and conduct preliminary psychometric testing of the scale. \nMethod: The development and psychometric validation of the SAAS (Stirling Antenatal Anxiety Scale) was informed by five studies. A systematic review of the psychometric literature and interviews with women with experience of problematic anxiety symptoms in pregnancy both contributed to the generation of an initial item pool for the assessment of the target construct. This was subsequently refined and reduced, using a Delphi technique involving key informants (i.e. expert opinion and target population). The screening accuracy of the final, 10-item version of the scale was subsequently tested against a diagnostic interview, and compared to the NICE-recommended screening scales for antenatal anxiety (GAD-2/7). The internal consistency, factor structure and construct validity of the SAAS were also assessed. \nResults: 174 women completed the SAAS, GAD-2/7 and Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). The SAAS was found to have excellent sensitivity (91%) and very good specificity (85%) at its optimal cut-off score of ≥ 8. It also showed a superior screening performance when compared to both the GAD-2 and the GAD-7 at their NICE-recommended cut-off scores. Its internal consistency was close to excellent (α = 0.88), and the scale exhibited a single-factor structure. The SAAS was also considered highly acceptable to pregnant women (mean score = 9.48; range 1-10). \nConclusion: The SAAS shows promise as a brief, acceptable and effective screening tool for antenatal anxiety, which may improve identification and aid appropriate targeting of resources and care.
Implementing domain-specific languages as the foundation of an honors intro CS course

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This position paper describes an honors introductory Computer Science course focused on designing and implementing domain-specific programming languages. The course presents programming language design as a fundamental tool for software engineering. Students build languages for prototypes of several nontrivial products (such as PowerPoint and TurboTax). The course aims to convey fundamental ideas behind programming languages in a form that mainstream Computer Science students can appreciate early in their careers. The paper includes descriptions of and links to assignments and course materials.
Rotational Invariance of Magnetic Monopoles

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The Schwinger quantization relation for magnetic charges, $g=\frac{n\ensuremath{\hbar}c}{e}$ ($n$ integer), is derived by purely group-theoretic methods, from the combined requirements of rotational invariance and gauge invariance. No mention is made of the controversial "singular strings" of magnetic monopoles.
Rechtseconomische analyse van de handhavingsnood in het milieubeleid

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This interdisciplinary analysis focuses on a simple law & economics model of environmental law enforcement. We investigate why certain firms violate environmental regulations in two problem settings (binary and continuous) and which factors determine their compliance decision. The basic model shows that the costs and benefits of enforcement have to be considered jointly and that the total net benefits from enforcing environmental policies are maximal if the marginal cost of enforcement equals its marginal benefit. It is important to clearly show to a broad audience that optimal enforcement does not have to imply maximal enforcement. Even though this insight is quite easily to convey in a theoretical framework by using a simple model, it is much harder to calculate optimal enforcement in real life applications. However, by considering some simple recommendations, the legislator can make a substantial difference to the enforcement policy and significantly improve its cost effectiveness.
TESSA technology: a new paradigm in AAV manufacturing

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Watch the video or read the poster to learn:

Benefits and drawbacks of current AAV viral vector production methods
How Tetracycline Enabled Self Silencing Adenovirus (TESSA) allows efficient, scalable AAV manufacture
Results from studies comparing TESSA with conventional methods

About the speaker

Ryan Cawood founded Oxford Genetics in 2011, after earning a first class degree in genetics and a PhD from Oxford University. The idea behind the company was to simplify and standardise the process of DNA engineering using a proprietary DNA plasmid platform called SnapFast™ that allowed researchers – for the first time – to assemble complex sections of DNA as simply as ‘molecular Lego’. Ryan used his background in genetic engineering and virology to guide and grow the business through a series of strategic changes that explored how further development of the SnapFast™ platform through in house research and development could help overcome multiple challenges in the development of new biologics. This culminated in a rebrand to OXGENE in 2019, as the company redefined itself as a leading solutions provider, using a combination of proprietary technologies to address multiple pinch-points on the journey through design, discovery, development and manufacture of a novel biologic.
Supplementary Table from The Reversible Fourth-Generation EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor OBX02–011 Overcomes C797S-Mediated Resistance in Lung Cancer

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Supplementary Table from The Reversible Fourth-Generation EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor OBX02–011 Overcomes C797S-Mediated Resistance in Lung Cancer
Stressors in the intensive care unit: comparing the perceptions of Chinese patients and their family

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Admission into an intensive care unit (ICU) is deemed a stressful event by both patients and their families. It has been reported that relatives often have a different perception of the patients' stress levels in comparison with the patients themselves. This study aims to identify stressors in the ICU as perceived by the Chinese patients and their relatives. A convenience sample of 60 patients and 60 relatives was selected for this study. The Intensive Care Unit Stressor Questionnaire [Chinese] was tapped to collect the patients' perceptions of stressors. Their respective relatives were likewise asked to rate the stressors according to how they perceive the patients would rate them. A comparison between the two sets of questionnaires would reveal that the relatives evaluated the items to be more stressful than the actual perception of patients. The overall perceived stress level of ICU patients was significantly lower than their respective relatives' (z = −6.51, p < 0.001), with a mean difference of 44.71 (mean: 61.57 versus 106.28) between the two groups. It is therefore essential that appropriate strategies be implemented to alleviate the stressful feelings perceived by the patients and their families. The influence of cultural beliefs on the perceived stress level of the general Chinese population was likewise highlighted. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Biosynthesis of Rat Serum Albumin IN VIVO STUDIES ON THE FORMATION OF THE DISULFIDE BONDS

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

In order to learn at what stage the disulfide bonds of albumin are formed during its biosynthesis, we perfused rat livers with iodoacetamide and then isolated the intracellular precursor, proalbumin, from organelles known to be in the pathway of albumin synthesis and secretion. The alkylated cysteines in proalbumin were determined as a measure of its thiol groups in vivo. Proalbumin of smooth microsomes was found to contain a single thiol, which is proposed to be the noncoupling cysteine occurring at residue 34 in circulating albumin. Proalbumin in rough microsomes contained an average of two cysteines; the additional cysteine thiol was largely situated in the COOH-terminal region and disappeared rapidly after blocking albumin synthesis with cycloheximide. In nascent chains of proalbumin, about 45% of the cysteine + cystine was in the thiol form. From these findings we propose that disulfide bond formation begins while the nascent chain is still attached to the ribosome and proceeds in an NH2 to COOH direction. The disulfide bonding apparently is completed about 0.5 min after the proalbumin molecule is released into the endoplasmic reticulum. Possible intermediates in the process such as mixed disulfide forms of proalbumin with glutathione or cystamine were not detected. We suggest that cysteine-34 does not participate in disulfide bonding because the NH2 terminus of proalbumin remains loosely bound to the membrane, attached by a hydrophobic segment of the chain at residues 21-27.
Regulatory Mechanisms and Physiological Significance of Reelin Function

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Reelin is a large secreted glycoprotein that regulates embryonic neuronal lamination and adult synaptic function. Secreted Reelin binds to lipoprotein receptors expressed on neurons. The Reelin-receptor interaction induces phosphorylation of an intracellular adaptor protein Dab1, which is required for normal embryonic brain development and adult brain functions. It has been suggested that Reelin hypofunction plays a role in the pathogenesis of several neuropsychiatric diseases, such as schizophrenia, autism, and Alzheimer's disease. Thus upregulation of Reelin activity may ameliorate the symptoms of neuropsychiatric diseases. However, the regulatory mechanism underlying the functions of Reelin is largely unknown and there are no good animal models of Reelin malfunction; thus, causal relations between Reelin and neuropsychiatric diseases remain unclear. Recently, our studies have shown that proteolytic cleavage of the Reelin protein regulates its activity. Herein, we will review recent findings about relations between Reelin and Alzheimer's disease, and the mechanism underlying the regulation of Reelin function by proteolytic cleavage. Also, we will discuss the prospect of treating neuropsychiatric diseases by upregulation of Reelin activity.
Revision as an essential step in modeling to support predicting, observing, and explaining cellular respiration system dynamics

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Comprehensive understanding of complex biological systems necessitates the use of computational models because they facilitate visualisation and interrogation of system dynamics and data-driven analysis. Computational model-based (CMB) activities have demonstrated effectiveness in improving students' understanding and their ability to use and reason with models. To maximise the effectiveness of computational modelling, this study examined an improved cognitive scaffolding and its impact on student learning of cellular respiration. This scaffolding proposes the predict-observe-revise-explain (PORE) sequence of tasks that explicitly challenge students to revise their predictions and computational models to resolve cognitive conflict. Based on revision work in a CMB activity, a sample of n = 362 undergraduate biology students were categorised into three groups – not expected to revise (NR, n = 109), required-revised (RR, n = 179), and required-did not revise (RDNR, n = 74). Students' performance in predict, revise, and explain tasks were significantly associated with post-test performance. RR students were more than twice as likely to demonstrate a positive learning gain in the post-test (odds ratio = 2.47) compared to RDNR students. While science education has implicitly acknowledged revision as a critical cognitive process in modelling, this study presents evidence that making revision an explicit cognitive task in a CMB activity supports student learning of a complex biological system.
Observational Study on Atmospheric Particles Mass Concentration in Fushun in China

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The variations of the atmospheric particles mass concentration, their pollution condition, and their relationships to visibility and wind speed have been studied by using the continuous concentration data of monitoring instrument GRIMM180 from Fushun air component monitoring station in 2009. The results show that the mean mass concentrations about PM10 and PM2.5 are respectively 0.073 ㎎/m3 and 0.048 ㎎/m3, and their daily average concentration has a large variation range. The ratio above air quality standard about PM10 daily average concentration is 5.9%, and the atmospheric particles exist mainly in the form of fine particles. The atmospheric particles mass concentration and the visibility show negative correlation, and the finer the particles are, the more they affect visibility. In general, the atmospheric particles mass concentration will gradually decrease with the rising of the wind speed. When the wind speed is more than 1.0 m/s, there is an obvious dilution effect on particles mass concentration, and when larger than 4.5 m/s, the relevance is not highly apparent.
Soft tissue cephalometric analysis applied to Himachali ethnic population

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Introduction: The modern society considers facial attractiveness as an important physical attribute. The great variance in soft tissue drape of the human face complicates accurate assessment of the soft tissue profile, and it is a known fact that facial features of different ethnic groups differ significantly. This study was undertaken to establish norms for Himachali ethnic population. Materials and Methods: The sample comprised lateral cephalograms taken in natural head position of 100 normal individuals (50 males, 50 females). The cephalograms were analyzed by Arnett soft tissue cephalometric analysis for orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. Student's t-test was used to compare the means of the two groups. Results: Statistically significant differences were found between Himachali males and females in certain key parameters. Males have thicker soft tissue structures and a more acute nasolabial angle than females. Males have longer faces and females have greater interlabial gap and maxillary incisor exposure. Males have more deep-set facial structures than females. Conclusions: Statistically significant differences were found between Himachali males and females in certain key parameters. Differences were also noted between other ethnic groups and Himachali faces.
Expression of EMMPRIN and MMP-2 in diabetic rat's kidneys

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To investigate the expression of extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer(EMMPRIN) and matrix metalloproteinase-2(MMP-2) in diabetic rat's kidneys.Methods Rat diabetic model was induced by streptozotocin(55mg·kg~(-1)),and kidneys were examined pathologically and the expression of EMMPRIN and MMP-2 was studied by immunohistochemistry.The intensity of EMMPRIN and MMP-2 was analyzed by imaging quantitative analysis technique.Results EMMPRIN and MMP2 were mainly expressed in the mesangial cells,endothelial cells,podocytes,parietal epithelial cells of Bowman's capsule,and tubular cells.The expression of EMMPRIN and MMP-2 was significantly weakened in the glomeruli of diabetic rats than that of the control animals(P0.05).Conclusion Expression of EMMPRIN and MMP-2 in glomeruli is markedly decreased in diabetic rats,which is involved in the development of diabetic nephropathy.
Research progress on the mechanism and signalling pathway of ferroptosis and its potential role in dermatosis research

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Ferroptosis is a novel type of cell death that is dependent on lipid peroxidation and iron accumulation, which distinguishes it from other types of programmed cell death. Current research indicates a significant association between ferroptosis and various pathological conditions, including cancer, neurological disorders, and cardiovascular diseases, albeit with a relatively unexplored role in dermatological afflictions. This paper elaborates on the mechanisms and signalling pathways of ferroptosis, summarizing the recent studies on ferroptosis and its related factors in dermatosis. Our objective is to shed light on novel perspectives and therapeutic strategies for dermatosis, enhancing the understanding of this under‐researched area through this comprehensive review.
High-efficiency GaN class-E power amplifier with compact harmonic-suppression network

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents a high efficiency class-E power amplifier (PA) suitable for wireless transmitters operating at 2 GHz. Compact impedance transformation network is designed, using micro-strip transmission lines, so that it simultaneously achieves fundamental load transformation and harmonic impedance control using only two open-circuit stubs (2fo, 3fo). The dimensions of the network's elements were determined in order to concurrently attain a high harmonic suppression, minimum loss and high power added efficiency. The measurement results of the PA prototype, which is designed using a 10 W Gallium Nitride (GaN) HEMT transistor, showed state-of-the-art drain and power added efficiency (PAE). The achieved PAE, power gain and output power, when the drain is biased at 50V, were equal to 74%, 12.6 dB and 11.4W respectively. In addition, a second and third harmonic suppression in excess of -40 dBc and -75 dBc, respectively, is achieved without extra circuit tuning or additional filtering.
ARE PART-TIME JOBS BETTER THAN NO JOBS?

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Even if we were to accept the rather optimistic expectations1 with regard to the future trend of economic growth, the acute unemployment problems of the European countries would not be anywhere near being solved within a foreseeable period. Regardless of the success of national economic policies, the question thus arises, at least in the short and medium terms, what additional possibilities exist for creating more employment? To bring unemployment down to the levels recorded in the US and Japan requires not only strong economic growth but also more employment-intensive growth.2 The inadequate employment intensity of economic growth is widely considered to be one of the most important reasons for the employment malaise from which Western Europe is suffering. The required increase in the employment intensity of growth can be achieved by more wage and/or more working-time flexibility.
Evolution of Korean Music Education

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract Confucian ritual music was reconstructed and rejuvenated during the reign of King Sejong of Joseon (r. 1418‒1450), but this represented an adventurous reinterpretation of Confucian values, not a mere restoration of the original music. The successful reconstruction was a result of an awareness of Korea’s own culture as distinct from the Chinese cultural mainstream. Because of the cultural and linguistic differences between China and Korea, Joseon Korea did not uncritically assimilate the mainstream culture. These differences motivated King Sejong to develop a new notation system for Korean indigenous tunes and bring newly composed ritual music to the court. The awareness of their own musical culture turned out to be the best way to embody the ideal of Confucian music education, cultivating musical sensibility and the enjoyment with all people. A similar movement occurred again during the Westernization period in early modern Korea and continues today in contemporary music education.
Infection of the colon of the rhesus monkey by spiral-shaped organisms. Vet Pathol 1982; 19 Suppl Dubois A, Fiala N, Heman-Ackah LM et al. Natural gastric infection with Helicobacter pylori in monkeys: a model for spiral bacteria infection in humans. Gast

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Abstract. Intestinal spirochetosis, an infection of the mucosa by spiral-shaped organisms, was studied in clinically normal rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) by histology, transmission and scanning electron microscopy. The incidence of intestinal spirochetosis was 42 % in 221 monkeys. Spiral organisms stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE) appeared as a broad basophilic haze on the colonic surface and were strongly positive by the Warthin-Starry stain. Spiral-shaped bacteria include two structurally different organisms: spirochetes and flagel-lated microbes. They intimately populated the brush border of the surface of the epithelium of the large intestine. They were absent in the crypts and in the small intestine. Infection by spirochetes produced no alteration of cytocomponents of the underlying host structures. Spirochetes and flagellates infrequently penetrated beyond the brush border into the epithelial cytoplasm and also into the lamina propria. Even in cases where invasion was documented, no inflammatory response was found. Spirochetes are present in the digestive tract of many species of animals [l-5, 8, 101 and can be seen in feces by light microscopy. As these organisms are fastidiously anaerobic [9], most have not been cultured and their classification and pathogenicity
Drainage of CEA and CA19-9 to the Peripheral Blood in Gastric Cancer Patient.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

胃癌組織からのCEA, CA19-9の末梢血移行機序を解明する目的で, 術中に末梢血, 腫瘍還流静脈血 (以下, 還流血と略記), 門脈血の両腫瘍関連抗原を測定し, さらに原発巣, リンパ節の免疫組織化学的検討を行い以下の結果を得た.1) CEAは末梢血に比べ還流血, 門脈血で高値を示し, 特に肝転移陽性例では有意差 (p<0.05) を認めた.2) CEAは静脈侵襲と, CA19-9はリンパ管侵襲, リンパ節転移との関連性が推測された.3) 原発巣の局在様式がStromal typeにおいてCEA値は, 有意差はないものの末梢血に比べ還流血, 門脈血で高い傾向がみられた.4) リンパ節転移巣の染色陽性率は, CEAに比べCA19-9で高い染色性を認め, さらに末梢血CA19-9は, リンパ節転移巣の染色陽性例が陰性例に比べ, 有意 (p<0.05) に高値であった.以上より, CEAは還流血を介しての経門脈経路が, CA19-9はリンパ行性での胸管経路による末梢血移行機序が考えられた.
Cooperative pricing and scale efficiency: The case of Korean rice processing complexes

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Abstract Unlike most investor‐owned enterprises, cooperatives often have freedom to choose among a variety of firm objectives. Using 2002–2008 plant‐ and province‐level data, we ask in the present article which of several alternative maximands a Korean cooperative rice processing firm pursues. In contrast to earlier studies, farmer‐member supply functions are incorporated into the cooperative's optimization framework. We show that only large cooperative firms have operated at efficient scale, while small and medium‐sized ones have been scale‐inefficient. Because the latter operate where scale returns are increasing, mergers of small and medium‐sized cooperatives likely would be cost‐reducing and member‐return‐enhancing.
[The effectiveness of so-called potentiated penicillins (augmentin and tazobactam) in vitro].

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The resistance of bacterial strains to beta-lactam antibiotics (penicillins and cephalosporins) is due to transfer of genes coding the production of enzymes-beta-lactamases. These enzymes--penicillinases and cephalosporinases--can hydrolyse beta-lactam antibiotics. The using of beta-lactamase inhibitors in combination with some beta-lactam antibiotics is a suitable alternative in the present unfavourable situation in chemotherapy (increase of occurrence of gram-negative and gram-positive penicillin-cephalosporin-resistant bacterial strains). In this communication the authors present the review of efficiency of three, in clinical practice mostly used potentiated penicillins: Augmentin (amoxicillin + clavulanate), Unasyn (ampicillin + sulbactam) and Tazobac (piperacillin + tazobactam). Tazobactam seems to be the most promising beta-lactamase inhibitor which has, unlike clavulanate and sulbactam, its own antibiotic activity.