jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
RCS Measurement Method Based on High-Resolution Sparse Turntable Imaging

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper proposes a method for obtaining scattering distribution of the target through high-resolution turntable imaging and reversely developing its RCScontributions. The method uses a sparse imaging algorithm to extract the scattering distribution of the scene to be imaged and next constructs the total scattered field of the scatterers on the target, finally obtaining the target's RCS contributions after scaling. The experiment results verify that the proposed RCS measurement method has higher accuracy compared with ones based the traditional imaging algorithms.
Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Non-Aqueous Gel-Cast Celsian and Sialon Ceramic Materials

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The mechanical and thermal properties of gelcast, Si3N4 reinforced 50% BaO. A12O3. 2SiO2 (BAS)−50% SrO. Al2O3. 2SiO2 (SAS) and sialon compositions were evaluated from room temperature up to 1300°C. Gelcasting of these compositions was achieved using a non-aqueous monomer system. The mechanical and thermal properties including 4-pt. flexure, bi-axial flexure, Coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) and thermal conductivity from room temperature to 1300°C for gel-cast celsian and sialon ceramic formulations were analyzed and are presented here.
Large‐scale time‐lapse scanning electron microscopy image mosaic using a smooth stitching strategy

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Due to the trade‐off between the field of view and resolution of various microscopes, obtaining a wide‐view panoramic image through high‐resolution image tiles is frequently encountered and demanded in numerous applications. Here, we propose an automatic image mosaic strategy for sequential 2D time‐lapse scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images. This method can accurately compute pairwise translations among serial image tiles with indeterminate overlapping areas. The detection and matching of feature points are limited by geographical coordinates, thus avoiding accidental mismatching. Moreover, the nonlinear deformation of the mosaic part is also taken into account. A smooth stitching field is utilized to gradually transform the perspective transformation in overlapping regions into the linear transformation in non‐overlapping regions. Experimental results demonstrate that better image stitching accuracy can be achieved compared with some other image mosaic algorithms. Such a method has potential applications in high‐resolution large‐area analysis using serial microscopy images. Research Highlights An automatic image mosaic strategy for processing sequential scanning electron microscopy images is proposed. A smooth stitching field is applied in the image mosaic. Improved stitching accuracy is achieved compared with other conventional mosaic methods.
MOESM4 of Gene copy number and function of the APL1 immune factor changed during Anopheles evolution

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Additional file 4: Alignment S1. FASTA-format sequence data file for manual validation of single APL1 gene in Anopheles stephensi. By chromosome synteny, the Anopheles stephensi intergenic region between the APL1 gene (ASTE016290 in the SDA-500 assembly) and the adjacent gene (ASTE008334) would contain other APL1 family paralogs, if other APL1 genes exist in An. stephensi. The ~â€‰7 kb intergenic region contains unjoined sequences in the SDA-500 assembly and thus the true size was unknown. The region was amplified and Sanger sequenced by the strategy indicated in Additional file 1: Figure S1 and amplicons were assembled as a single contig, resolving the region between primer ST11 and ST25 (Additional file 3: Table S1). The resolved sequence does not contain sequences related to APL1, confirming the absence of APL1 paralogs in An. stephensi.
Expression of β-catenin in human colorectal Adenocarcinoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective:To investigate the expression of β-catenin in colorectal carcinomas and their relation with clinical pathological parameters.Methods: The expression of β-catenin protein was detemined with immunohistochemical SP method in the normal mucosa,the adenomas and the adenocarcinoma.Results: β-catenin expression was detected on the cell membrane in normal colorectal mucosa.Cytoplasmic and nuclear expression were detected in the colorectal adenoma and adenocarcinoma.The aberrant expression rates of β-catenin were 10.8%,75.0% and 98.2%.There were significant difference among these three groups(P 0.01).In carcinoma of intestine the biggerthe tumor size and the higher grade were,the higher the aberrant expression of β-catenin was.Tumors with regional nodal metastasis showed higher abnormal staining rate(100.0%) than those without nodal involvement(96.4%).But there was no significant difference(P 0.05).Conclusion: The aberrant expression of β-catenin may be related with the carcinogenesis development of colorectal carcinoma.The aberrant expression of β-catenin may play a role in the development of colorectal carcinoma.
Development of a Screening Method for Genetically Modified Soybean by Plasmid-Based Quantitative Competitive Polymerase Chain Reaction

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

A novel type of quantitative competitive polymerase chain reaction (QC-PCR) system for the detection and quantification of the Roundup Ready soybean (RRS) was developed. This system was designed based on the advantage of a fully validated real-time PCR method used for the quantification of RRS in Japan. A plasmid was constructed as a competitor plasmid for the detection and quantification of genetically modified soy, RRS. The plasmid contained the construct-specific sequence of RRS and the taxon-specific sequence of lectin1 (Le1), and both had 21 bp oligonucleotide insertion in the sequences. The plasmid DNA was used as a reference molecule instead of ground seeds, which enabled us to precisely and stably adjust the copy number of targets. The present study demonstrated that the novel plasmid-based QC-PCR method could be a simple and feasible alternative to the real-time PCR method used for the quantification of genetically modified organism contents.
Enhancing the Nutrition Prescription Using Behavioral Approaches

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The nutrition prescription is one of the most important components of lifestyle intervention. When prescribing nutritional lifestyle intervention, it is important for the practitioner to take into account the various cultural and social factors involved in dietary habits. The challenge to teaching good nutrition to anyone is that the message isn't flashy. A coaching approach built on a solid coach-client relationship can promote positive behavioral change as it relates to nutrition. Group medical visits can be a cost-efficient and productive tool to implement nutritional prescription within a lifestyle medicine program. Micronutrients, or the small building blocks of our nutrition intake, are all the vitamins and minerals. When one embarks on changing their behavior related to nutrition in a more healthful direction, there are some nutrients that can help. Optimal nutrition intervention is the cornerstone of an effective lifestyle medicine prescription. One way to provide efficient, cost-effective nutritional counseling is through group medical visits.
A Potential Health Risk to Occupational User from Exposure to Biocidal Active Chemicals

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Biocidal active chemicals have potential health risks associated with exposure to retail biocide products such as disinfectants for COVID-19. Reliable exposure assessment was investigated to understand the exposure pattern of biocidal products used by occupational workers in their place of occupation, multi-use facilities, and general facilities. The interview–survey approach was taken to obtain the database about several subcategories of twelve occupational groups, the use pattern, and the exposure information of non-human hygiene disinfectant and insecticide products in workplaces. Furthermore, we investigated valuable exposure factors, e.g., the patterns of use, exposure routes, and quantifying potential hazardous chemical intake, on biocidal active ingredients. We focused on biocidal active-ingredient exposure from products used by twelve occupational worker groups. The 685 non-human hygiene disinfectants and 763 insecticides identified contained 152 and 97 different active-ingredient chemicals, respectively. The toxicity values and clinical health effects of total twelve ingredient chemicals were determined through a brief overview of toxicity studies aimed at estimating human health risks. To estimate actual exposure amounts divided by twelve occupational groups, the time spent to apply the products was investigated from the beginning to end of the product use. This study investigated the exposure assessment of occupational exposure to biocidal products used in workplaces, multi-use facilities, and general facilities. Furthermore, this study provides valuable information on occupational exposure that may be useful to conduct accurate exposure assessment and to manage products used for quarantine in general facilities.
Worm compost tea’s plant growth-promoting power: is it the microorganisms or chemical properties?

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Vermicompost tea (VCT), an eco-friendly biofertilizer, is becoming increasingly popular due to its notable benefits on plant and soil health. However, the reasons behind its efficacy, whether due to growth regulators, minerals, microorganisms, or their combination, remain ambiguous. Seedlings of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum cv. Rutgers) were treated with VCT, autoclaved VCT (AVCT), or water (control) for three times over 7 weeks to determine if the effects of this biological fertilizer on plant growth are due to the presence of microorganisms or chemical nutrients. A significant increase was observed in plant growth with either the VCT or AVCT treatments compared to the control, while for most measures, plant growth was higher in the AVCT versus the VCT treatment. Autoclaving VCT increased pH and plant-available minerals, including NH4+, NO3−, K, Mg, Zn, Fe, and Mn. Metagenomic analysis of bacterial specimens in VCT revealed the most abundant genera as Novosphingobium, Sphingobium, Luteimonas, Pseudomonas, Planctomyces, Rhodoplanes, Mycoplana, Bacillus, Achromobacter, and Devosia. Although many of these genera contain known plant-growth-promoting bacteria, the major benefits of VCT do not necessarily require living organisms as both VCT and AVCT increased plant biomass. Thus, the growth-promoting potential of VCT may not be associated with microbial biomass by itself but rather with the release of extracellular microbial signals/nutrients and/or the nutrient availability of the applied VCT. The advantages of autoclaving VCT are the increased shelf life and the potential use of biofertilizers within organic hydroponic systems without technical challenges due to clogging from microbial activity.
Magnitude of Biofilm Formation and Antimicrobial Resistance Pattern of Bacteria Isolated from Urinary Catheterized Inpatients of Jimma University Medical Center, Southwest Ethiopia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Biofilm formation is one of the features of most bacteria. Catheterization in medicine is a source of highly resistant bacterial infections, and those bacteria respond poorly to antimicrobial therapy. Bacterial biofilm features were not described from catheterized inpatients in Ethiopia as its formation is known to afford antimicrobial resistance and challenge patient management. The aim of this study was to isolate catheter-associated urinary bacterial pathogens, their biofilm formation, and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern among inpatients of Jimma University Medical Center (JUMC) in Southwest Ethiopia. A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted among urinary catheterized inpatients of JUMC from February to August 2016. A total of 143 study participants were enrolled consecutively in this study. Urine samples were collected from catheterized patients and processed using a standard bacteriological protocol for isolation and identification. Evaluation of in vitro biofilm formation and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of uropathogenic bacteria was done using microtiter plates and disk diffusion method, respectively. Data were cleaned, coded, and entered into SPSS version 20 for analysis. All statistical test values ofp<0.05were considered statistically significant. From all study participants, mean age was 44 years. Sixty bacterial strains were recovered from 57 urinary catheterized inpatients among which 54 of them were monomicrobial (94.7%). The remaining six bacterial strains were recovered from three study participants each with two bacterial isolates. The predominant bacterial isolates were Gram-negative bacteria with E. coli turning out first. About 80% of bacterial isolates were biofilm formers. The majority of the bacteria were resistant to commonly prescribed antimicrobial agents. In conclusion, the majority of bacterial uropathogen isolates were Gram-negative, biofilm formers, and resistant to commonly prescribed antimicrobial agents. Relatively ciprofloxacin, nitrofurantoin, and amikacin were highly effective against most isolated bacteria.
[A quantitative tissue analysis of the rat myocardium in whole-body overheating].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The reorganization of Wistar rat myocardium at 3 and 7 days after a single total overheating at a temperature of 43 degrees C was studied using stereologic and qualitative morphological tissue analysis. Most pronounced morphofunctional changes in myocardium were shown to develop 3 days after the exposure such as hemodynamic disorders, lymphostasis, interstitial edema, contracture lesions of cardiomyocytes. The spatial myocardial reorganization was not considerable. At 7 day after exposure, a significant decrease of the heart weight as a result of atrophic changes in cardiomyocytes was recorded. In the same period the most pronounced spatial reorganization of myocardial parenchyma and stroma was noted. The significant decrease of volume density of capillaries was accompanied by some increase of the volume density of cardiomyocytes resulting in a significant decrease of volume ratio of capillaries to cardiomyocytes. Thus, during postheating restitution the atrophy of myocardium developed characterized by an unbalanced decrease of volume densities of capillaries and cardiomyocytes.
Performance analysis of first iteration koch curve fractal log periodic antenna of varying flare angles

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Miniaturization has always been a crucial challenge in the field of antenna engineering. In the recent past a number of researchers have shown that fractal geometry have potential to design smaller, broad band and multi band antennas. In this proposed work performances of log periodic fractal antennas of different flare angles have been investigated. Simulation results show that fractal log periodic antenna gives better performance in terms of gain, return loss and directivity. Performance of log periodic fractal antenna has also been investigated for flare angles 30°, 45°, 60°, 70° and 80°. In this proposed work fractal antenna gives best performance with 60° flare angle.
Pennsylvanian Cycles in East-Central Idaho: A Record of Sea-Level Fluctuations on the Western Margin of Laurentia

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The Pennsylvanian Snaky Canyon Formation, exposed in the Lost River, Lemhi, and Beaverhead Mountains of east-central Idaho, is comprised predominantly of interbedded subtidal carbonates and nearshore to eolian siliciclastics that developed offshore of the Quadrant sandstone erg of the northern Rocky Mountains. Four stratigraphic sections (400 – 800 m thick) spanning a portion of the Snaky Canyon Formation (Morrowan – Desmoinesian stage) consist of four distinct units. Unit 1 consists of cyclic subtidal cherty carbonate and shoreline to eolian sandstone and offshore Paleoaplysina and algal boundstone. Unit 2 primarily consists of deep subtidal cherty carbonate mudstone with minor amounts of subtidal siliciclastics. Paleoaplysina and algal boundstone and restricted subtidal wackestone are the main constituents of Unit 3, and they interfinger with Unit 4, a shallow water evaporite-rich facies occurring only in the most landward section. Units 1 through 4 represent a 2nd-order depositional megasequence recording one 10–15 million year sea level fluctuation, an overall increase in relative sea level through Unit 2, followed by a long-term sea level fall through Units 3 and 4. Facies stacking patterns within the 2nd-order megasequence are indicative of high-frequency cycles produced by changes in sea level superimposed on the longer-term megasequence. Facies stacking patterns in Unit 1 indicate deposition during high-amplitude sea-level fluctuations. The mixed eolian siliciclastic and subtidal carbonate cycles within Unit 1 are similar to Pennsylvanian cyclothems documented throughout the western United States. Units 2 and 3 cycles are dominated by subtidal carbonates whose facies stacking patterns appear to reflect a decrease in the amplitude of sea level fluctuations. However, a decrease in the siliciclastic sediment supply to the subtidal carbonate ramp may also explain the differences in facies stacking patterns between these units and may be unrelated to changes in relative or eustatic sea level fluctuations.
Running on empty: a longitudinal global study of psychological well-being among runners during the COVID-19 pandemic

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Objectives There are indications that the COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound negative effect on psychological well-being. Here, we investigated this hypothesis using longitudinal data from a large global cohort of runners, providing unprecedented leverage for understanding how the temporal development in the pandemic pressure relates to well-being across countries. Design Prospective cohort study. Setting Global. Participants We used data from the worldwide Garmin-RUNSAFE cohort that recruited runners with a Garmin Connect account, which is used for storing running activities tracked by a Garmin device. A total of 7808 Garmin Connect users from 86 countries participated. Primary and secondary outcome measures From 1 August 2019 (prepandemic) to 31 December 2020, participants completed surveys every second week that included the five-item WHO Well-Being Index (WHO-5). Pandemic pressure was proxied by the number of COVID-19-related deaths per country, retrieved from the Coronavirus Resource Centre at Johns Hopkins University. Panel data regression including individual- and time-fixed effects was used to study the association between country-level COVID-19-related deaths over the past 14 days and individual-level self-reported well-being over the past 14 days. Results The 7808 participants completed a total of 125 409 WHO-5 records over the study period. We found a statistically significant inverse relationship between the number of COVID-19-related deaths and the level of psychological well-being—independent of running activity and running injuries (a reduction of 1.42 WHO-5 points per COVID-19-related death per 10 000 individuals, p<0.001). Conclusions This study suggests that the COVID-19 pandemic has had a negative effect on the psychological well-being of the affected populations, which is concerning from a global mental health perspective.
The Quest to Prosecute and Punish International Crimes by the African Court of Justice and Human Right: Myth or Reality?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The Quest to Prosecute and Punish International Crimes by the African Court of Justice and Human Right: Myth or Reality? Akpoghome Theresa U (PhD), Nwano Theophilus C (PhD) Abstract This paper examines the proposed African Court of Justice and Human Right which is expected to be the main judicial organ of the AU. It looks at the reasons for the establishment of the court which includes but not limited to the failures of the national, hybrid and the ad hoc courts in the region to meet the demands of justice in prosecuting cases of international crimes. The merged court has an expanded jurisdiction covering crimes within ICC‟s jurisdiction and other crimes peculiar to Africa. This move is seen as ambitious and contentious as it is not favorable to the role of the ICC. The paper further examines the procedures of the proposed court as contained in the courts Statute and observes that there exists some gaps which must be filled if the court will achieve its goals. The paper also observes that the statute of the court makes provision for corporate criminal liability of corporation which is a good innovation as this is one crime that national legislations have not been able to address. The paper also provides a brief overview of national, hybrid and ad hoc international criminal trials in Africa and argues that the Malabo instrument is an important and alternative means of attaining justice in the region to improve on the errors of the earlier courts. It further examines the advantages of the proposed court and possible drawback that the court may face when it is established. Based on the findings, the paper concludes that the proposed court will bring justice nearer home to the victims, but will fail if the AU lacks the muscle to address the challenges noted. Finally, the paper recommends, that the subjecting the practice of universal jurisdiction to the provisions of national immunity and consent of the accused will make prosecution of crimes in Africa ineffective. Full Text: PDF DOI: 10.15640/jlcj.v8n2a7
Modelling and performance analysis of free body dynamics of electric vehicles

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The modelling and performance analysis of free body dynamics in electric vehicles (EVs) plays a crucial role in understanding and optimizing the vehicle's behavior and performance. This research focuses on accurately modelling the forces and motions acting on the vehicle body, excluding the powertrain components. By considering factors such as vehicle weight, suspension characteristics, tire properties, and aerodynamic forces, a comprehensive mathematical model is developed. This model enables the simulation and analysis of the vehicle's behavior under various operating conditions. The performance analysis involves evaluating key metrics such as vehicle response, stability limits, and ride comfort. The proposed system is compared with the existing electric vehicle in the market. The findings from this research contribute to the design and development of EVs with improved handling, stability, and energy efficiency. Additionally, they inform the development of advanced driver-assistance systems (ADAS) and autonomous driving technologies. Overall, the modelling and performance analysis of free body dynamics in EVs supports the advancement of sustainable and efficient transportation systems.
Xia X: Regression of tumor growth and induction of long-term antitumor memory by interleukin 12 electro-gene therapy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

cytokine with antitumor activity. Plasmid-based intratu-moral gene therapy for treating malignancy with IL-12 or other genes is safe, inexpensive, and simple to carry out. However, effective delivery methods for injecting DNA plas-mid into a tumor to generate therapeutic levels of gene prod-uct are lacking. To overcome this obstacle, we used electro-poration to deliver the IL-12 gene intratumorally in a murine squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) model, SCCVII. Methods: Plasmids with or without mouse IL-12 gene were injected into SCCVII tumors of C3H/HeJ mice (n = 5 per group). Electric pulses were then applied to the tumors, a process termed electro-gene therapy. The first treatment was administered when the tumor reached 4–6 mm in diameter, and the second treatment followed a week later. The tumor size, survival, and ability to generate systemic antitumor