jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the material parameters of the human cornea in a numerical model.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This discrepancy is the result of a strictly mechanical phenomenon taking place in the tensioned and simultaneously flattened corneal shell and is not related to the tonometer measuring accuracy. The observed deviation has not been amenable to any GAT corrections, contradicting the Imbert-Fick law. This means a new approach to the calculation of corrections for GAT readings is needed.
1128: LOSS OF PNEUMOCYTES LEADING TO ACUTE LUNG INJURY: A CASE REPORT

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: The pulmonary alveolar epithelial lining, consisting of type I and type II pneumocytes and alveolar macrophages, is vital for gas exchange and creating the air-blood barrier. Acute inflammation or trauma can result in pneumocyte loss, leading to diffuse alveolar damage (DAD). Although DAD is commonly found in acute lung injury (ALI), complete loss of pneumocytes is a distinctive finding that has not been well reported. This case report demonstrates a total absence of pneumocytes, including type II pneumocytes, as a cause of ALI. Description: A 56-year-old male with no medical history presented to a community hospital with acute shortness of breath and hypoxia. He had an 8-pack year smoking history. He smoked marijuana daily and described recently smoking a new strain. Computed tomography (CT) chest imaging showed ground glass infiltrates with peripheral consolidation, and he began antibiotic treatment. Initial work-up was negative for infection and autoimmune disorders. During his stay, he developed bilateral pneumothoraces and acutely decompensated. He was transferred to a tertiary care center and intubated upon arrival. Repeat CT chest showed pneumomediastinum and worsening ground glass opacifications consistent with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). He did not respond to standard ARDS therapy and veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV ECMO) was initiated. Bronchoscopic alveolar lavage showed reactive bronchial and inflammatory cells and alveolar macrophages. Lung cryobiopsy pathology showed reactive alveolated parenchyma with initial epithelial loss, absence of type II pneumocytes without excessive eosinophils or neutrophils. He has since been extubated but remains on VV ECMO. Discussion: Type II pneumocytes play a crucial role in alveolar epithelium repair. Pneumocyte regeneration can be seen within days of acute alveolar injury. Our patient's lung biopsy was on hospital day 17, suggesting delayed reepithelialization. Similar case reports of delayed reepithelialization showed both slow and no recovery requiring transplant. This unique finding may be related to acute fibrinous organizing pneumonia, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, or inhalation toxic injury. Further research is needed to understand delayed alveolar epithelialization's role in ALI and recovery.
Open space preservation in an urbanization context

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The objective of this paper is to address the question of open space preservation in an urbanization context. We study the possibility of preserving two different types of open spaces, large open spaces at cities' outskirt and small intra-urban open spaces. Thus we contribute to the debate of land sharing versus land sparing in a urban context. We analyze these questions by way of a theoretical microeconomics framework taking into account both households' preferences for open space and regulator's interest for the preservation of ecosystem services. We compare land use patterns at private equilibrium and when the social planner maximizes social welfare.
Thermodynamic Analysis on the MOVPE Growth of Nitride Semiconductors Using Hydrazine

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A thermodynamic analysis is performed on the MOVPE growth of nitride semiconductors using hydrazine (N2H4) instead of NH3. Equilibrium partial pressures are calculated for various deposition parameters and growth regions are examined. It is predicted that the growth of nitride occurs drastically in the N2H4 system, especially for the indium containing nitride without the deposition of In droplets. It is also shown that the composition unstable region for InGaN is suppressed in the N2H4 system and the effect of hydrogen on the composition of InGaN is small in the N2H4 system compared with the NH3 system.
THE ACTIVITY COEFFICIENTS OF AMMONIUM PERCHLORATE IN WATER AT 25°

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTHE ACTIVITY COEFFICIENTS OF AMMONIUM PERCHLORATE IN WATER AT 25°O. E. Esval and S. Y. Tyree Jr.Cite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1962, 66, 5, 940–942Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1962Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1962https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100811a502https://doi.org/10.1021/j100811a502research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views68Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Laser-Assisted Drug Delivery in the Treatment of Hypertrophic Scars and Keloids: A Systematic Review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Hypertrophic scars and keloids are the results of an exaggerated healing process and are often associated with significant patient morbidity. Fractional ablative lasers create microchannels in the skin and penetrate into the substance of the scar, inducing a normal healing response in zones of created damage. Focal delivery of scar-modulating agents into the scar through these microchannels—a process termed laser-assisted drug delivery (LADD)—is a promising and developing treatment modality. In this systematic review, we aim to critically examine the evidence of LADD in the treatment of hypertrophic scars and keloids. The evidence suggests that LADD improves outcomes in hypertrophic scars and keloids. LADD is a more effective treatment modality than the topical application of agents in hypertrophic scars and equally effective as the intralesional injection of agents in keloids. There were few reports of adverse events. Evidence supports the use of LADD as an adjunct to non-surgical measures or a treatment modality to be used before more invasive measures such as surgical excision. However, the quality of evidence supporting this conclusion is inconsistent and lacks power. Additional studies are required to optimize dosages, laser settings, and agent choices for the treatment of these lesions.
Rights, duties and spaces of agency amidst high-stakes testing

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Purpose By recognizing high-stakes testing as a key constraint to teacher agency, this paper aims to provide a close analysis of one teacher’s testing narrative to illustrate how emerging positioning is relative to high-stakes testing shapes perception of pedagogical agency. Design/methodology/approach Data were generated through a series of semi-structured interviews with an early career fourth-grade teacher, Ms Moore, in a school facing pressure to raise test scores. Using theoretical lenses of narrative positioning and a linguistic anthropological centering of constraint and emergence, 67 narratives of accountability were analyzed, with particular focus on how Ms Moore positioned herself relative to other actors involved in high-stakes testing and the consequent rights and duties these positions afforded. Findings In narrating the constraints of high-stakes testing, Ms Moore positioned herself relative to three groups involved in high-stakes testing: “purposefully tricky” test creators, “disjointed” administrators and “worried” students. The rights and duties associated with three positions varied with respect to two dimensions – proximity and hierarchy – in turn providing her distinct resources for responding to the pedagogical constraints of high-stakes testing. Practical implications Teachers might use positioning analysis as a tool to locate possibilities for agency amidst high-stakes testing, both by exploring the resources afforded by their positioning and by considering how alternative positions might afford different resources. Originality/value These findings suggest that high-stakes testing serves as a dynamic and perhaps malleable constraint to teacher agency. Teacher positioning, particularly relative to hierarchy and proximity, provides possible resource for responding to such constraints.
A Method of Producing High-Quality Linear Field Gradient for Magnetic Resonance Imaging Using Straight Current Lines

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A new method for generating a highly linear field gradient in a large space is described. The coil system consists of N equispaced parallel current lines placed on a cylinder perpendicular to the static magnetic field. The wires generate a gradient of any accuracy depending on N and in any direction in a plane perpendicular to the cylinder axis by controlling the current of each wire independently. The accuracy of the gradient using 16 infinite-length wires is less than 0.3% in the 60% region in diameter of the cylinder. An ESR-CT image of a DPPH test sample was obtained using this system of 16 wires.
Return of Genetic Research Results: The Japanese Experience and its Implications for the International Debate

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In conducting medical and genetic research an ethical dilemma is faced as to whether individual genetic research results should be disclosed where such results may be relevant to the consideration of an individuals health and medical care. Japans participation in this debate has yielded no consensus on policy as yet but has influenced the establishment of certain national guidelines. Japan established principles in 2000 that emphasized participants rights to know their genetic research results, and incorporated this policy into governmental guidelines for genetic/genomic research in 2001, as the stance of disclosure in principle. The newly-revised guidelines in 2013 retained the disclosure in principle, and added stipulations regarding disclosure giving a greater role to researchers in creating disclosure policies of genetic research results. The process of their revisions was strongly influenced by the Act on the Protection of Personal Information 2003. This article considers the management of clinically significant findings in the context of the revision of the genetic/genomic research guidelines. We argue that the governmental guidelines based on the Act have the potential to give rise to practical and ethical challenges, which suggest the clear need for additional mechanisms for governing disclosure decisions. This method includes that the revised Guidelines can be interpreted to permit genomics researchers to adopt more active research disclosure policies with more participant-focused ethical consideration. This is consistent with researchers ethical responsibilities to carefully consider the rights and interests of research participants to ensure the publics trust and confidence in research is maintained. The Japanese experience has implications for the international debate, as there is, as yet no clear and agreed guidance for researchers determining policies on the return of research results in other countries.
The disempowering empowerment of children's consumer “choice”

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Purpose The purpose of the paper is to explore how discourses of children's empowerment through goods have emerged and function as a key narrative among many in children's commercial industries, particularly in the USA and Canada. Design/methodology/approach The central philosophical and theoretical approach guiding this inquiry rests on the notion that the “child consumer” exists as a rhetorical figure which has an existence that is as consequential as “real,” biographical children. The child consumer arises from, and in many ways resides in, discourses produced by marketers, retailers, researchers and advertisers on the pages of marketing publications, often framing the imaginations and guiding the actions of advertisers, retailers, merchandisers and marketers. Articles from trade publications such as AdWeek , BrandWeek , Brandmarketing ; KidScreen and Progressive Grocer , in addition to books written by marketers about the children's market since the 1990s, were examined. Findings Three key themes – choice, recognition and involvement – were found to be the most prominent in framing children's consumption as “empowering.” Originality/value For scholars and practitioners, the paper offers an approach to understand corporate practice as moral practice by highlighting the ideological justifications presented in defense of promoting children's consumption in the last decade. It offers a cautionary tale about the power of capital to produce and deploy social meaning.
Impacts of DGs, PHEVs and EVs on distribution networks

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Distributed generation and electric vehicles are two new technologies and they are becoming more popular. Distributed generation is a small-scale power generation technology which may include renewable sources installed close to the load at the distribution voltage level. And the batteries of the plug-in hybrid electric vehicles can be both charged and discharged at home from a standard outlet or a car park. They are both connected to the distribution network and have a great impact on the whole power system. The main objective of this report is to investigate DG, EV, and PHEV’s impact on the power loss and voltage deviation on the distribution network using Matlab programming. In the first part of the report, it illustrates the basic knowledge we need to carry out the study. Then, programs are created to simulate different cases and compare the power flow results. The simulation is based on the IEEE 13-node test system. The power flow analysis programs use the Newton-Raphson method, and a load curve is selected for the case studies and results analysis.
Effect the seaweed Sargassum filipendula and Ascophyllum nodosum on the resistance of the shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei to hypothermal shock

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This study investigated the resistance of Pacific white shrimp (L. vannamei) to hypothermal shock when treated with extracts from the brown seaweeds Sargassum filipendula and Ascophyllum nodosum, either by immersion for postlarvae or as a dietary supplement for juveniles. Post-larvae were exposed to seaweed extracts at concentrations of 20, 50, 100, and 200 mg*L⁻¹, while juveniles were fed diets with 0.5%, 2.0%, and 4.0% seaweed extracts for 10 days. For juveniles (~12 g), hemato-immunological and microbiological analyses were conducted after feeding with 5% seaweed diets for 15 days, all followed by hypothermal shock. Samples were collected prior to the start of thermal shock, immediately after shock (0 h), and 1 and 24 h after return to initial temperature. The aqueous extract of the seaweeds A. nodosum and S. filipendula at concentrations 100 mg*L⁻¹ and 200 mg*L⁻¹, respectively, improves the survival rates of post-larvae L. vannamei submitted to hypothermal stress. For juvenile shrimps, hypothermal shock causes significant immunodepression and reduces the bacterial community in the intestine. The addition of seaweed to the feed did not increase the survival rate and did not affect the intestinal microbiota of L. vannamei. In the case of immunological parameters, both species positively affect the agglutination titer, but no other parameters analyzed.
Providing freshness guarantees for outsourced databases

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Database outsourcing becomes increasingly attractive as advances in network technologies eliminate the perceived performance difference between in-house databases and out-sourced databases, and price advantages of third-party data-base service providers continue to increase due to economy of scale. However, the potentially explosive growth of database outsourcing is hampered by security concerns, namely data privacy and query integrity of outsourced databases. While privacy issues of outsourced databases have been extensively studied, query integrity for outsourced databases has just started to draw attention from the database community. Currently, there still does not exist a solution that can provide complete integrity. In particular, previous studies have not examined the mechanisms for providing freshness guarantees, that is, the assurance that queries are executed against the most up-to-date data, instead of just some version of the data in the past. Providing a practical solution for freshness guarantees is challenging because continuously monitoring data's up-to-dateness is expensive. In this paper, we perform a thorough study on how to add freshness guarantees over proposed schemes (including authenticated data structure-based and probabilistic-based approaches) to provide integrity assurance. We implement our solutions and perform extensive experiments to quantify the cost. Our experiment results show that we can provide reasonable tight freshness guarantees without sacrificing much performance.
How to manage uncertainties of count data from avian monitoring surveys: a brief review

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

さまざまな鳥類モニタリングデータの中で，カウントデータはもっとも良くみられるものであり，対象とする鳥類や同じ生息地の他の生物の保全活動に重要な役割を果たしてきた．しかし，カウントデータには，たとえば同じ環境要因が実際の鳥の個体数に影響すると同時に個体の発見率にも影響するといった誤差が含まれていることが多い．ここでは，不確定要素の影響を推定する技術として，修正リッカー式を用いた数値実験と混合モデルをもちいた解析例を紹介した．これらの方法によって，カウントデータに含まれる観察誤差とプロセス誤差，それぞれの影響の大きさを推定することで個体数増減評価上注意すべき点を明らかにしたり，発見率の場所によるばらつきを考慮した上で増加率や生息密度の高い場所を推定したりすることが可能になる．日本には，30年以上にわたる広域モニタリングによって蓄積された鳥類のカウントデータがある．ここに挙げた方法などをもちいることによって鳥類カウントデータ解析がさらに進むことは，日本の鳥類をはじめとする生物多様性の保全に重要な役割を果たすものと考えられる．
A PRELIMINARY STUDY EXAMINING THE BURST STRENGTH OF VASCULAR TUBULAR SCAFFOLDS

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this study, neat PCL, neat PLA and PLA/PCL (50/50) based tubular surfaces are produced by electrospinning to simulate the native blood vessel structure and to investigate the effects of both graft material and fiber orientation on burst strength. The burst pressure values of these vascular graft structures that designed with both randomly oriented fibers and oriented fibers, measured by a custom- burst pressure tester, and the results are compared. The results show that fiber orientation have a great influence on burst pressure, regardless of the type of biomaterial. It is determined that grafts with oriented fibers have at least twice the burst strength than those with random fibers. The findings indicate that changing the graft material has also an effect on burst strength. When the results are analyzed by polymer type, although the PLA100_O sample has the highest burst strength among all oriented fiber sample groups, it is better to determine the vascular graft candidate by taking into account radial elasticity.
Method for the Automated Measurement of Fine Particle Nitrate in the Atmosphere

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

An integrated collection and vaporization cell has been developed to provide automated, 10-min resolution monitoring of fine particle nitrate in the atmosphere. Particles are collected by a humidified impaction process and analyzed in place by flash vaporization and chemiluminescent detection of the evolved nitrogen oxides. Particle collection efficiency was measured between 95% and 100% for particles above 0.1 μm. Evaporative losses for ammonium nitrate were 2 ± 4%. Average nitrate values from the automated system were compared to traditional denuder filter measurements in three cities, with correlation coefficients of greater than 0.97 and regression slopes ranging from 0.96 to 1.06. The detection limit is governed by the field blank, which for the Los Angeles area was 0.4 μg/m3. The system operated unattended for days at a time, with data recovery of 97%.
Emotion, Conformity, Aggression: Insights from Vocational High School Dynamics

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This quantitative correlational research investigates the impact of emotion regulation and peer conformity, both individually and concurrently, on aggressive behavior among students at Krembung Islamic Vocational High School. Utilizing a sample of 210 students from a population of 463, the study employed the emotion regulation scale, peer conformity scale, and aggression behavior scale. Multiple regression analysis with SPSS Ver.21 revealed significant results. Emotional regulation demonstrated a negative influence on aggressive behavior, while peer conformity exhibited a positive effect. Moreover, the combined impact of emotional regulation and peer conformity on aggressive behavior was established, with an overall influence of 20.7%. These findings contribute to the understanding of factors influencing aggressive behavior in the context of vocational high school students, emphasizing the importance of emotional regulation and peer dynamics. Highlights : Impact of Emotional Regulation and Peer Conformity: The study explores the individual and combined effects of emotion regulation and peer conformity on aggressive behavior among vocational high school students. Quantitative Correlational Research: Utilizing multiple regression analysis, the research employs a quantitative approach to understand the relationships between emotion regulation, peer conformity, and aggressive behavior. Practical Implications for Education: The findings provide insights for educational institutions in addressing and managing aggressive behavior by considering the roles of emotion regulation and peer conformity among students. Keywords: emotion regulation, peer conformity, aggressive behavior, vocational high school, quantitative correlational.
De la plaza a la sala: Estrategias y espacios de producción artística en un grupo de teatro comunitario

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This article studies the development of artistic-community experiences in Buenos Aires through the case of the Catalinas Sur Theater Group in La Boca. This is a pioneer group of the local community theater formed during the democratic opening after the last dictatorship (1976-1983). Community theater seeks to promote citizen participation in culture, the creation of alternative artistic circuits and the recovery of invisiblized stories in the communities.\nI analyze the change of context during the second half of the 90s in the field of cultural policies where a democratizing paradigm was articulated with forms of participatory democracy and commercialization of culture. The article wonders about the implications of that change of context in the mode of artistic production of Catalinas Sur, the cultural management strategies they deployed and the emerging links established with state agents.