jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
An instrumented glove for monitoring hand function

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The measurement of hand kinematics is important for the assessment and rehabilitation of the paralysed hand. The traditional method of hand function assessment uses a mechanical or electronic goniometer placed across the joint of interest to measure the range of joint movement. Mechanical goniometers are imprecise and lack the ability to provide a dynamic measurement; electronic goniometers are expensive and cumbersome to use during therapy. An alternative to the goniometric based assessment is to use inertial motion sensors to monitor the hand movement—these can be incorporated in a glove. In this paper, we present the design of an instrumented glove equipped with Magnetic, Angular Rate and Gravity (MARG) sensors for the objective evaluation of hand function. The instrumented glove presented in this paper is designed to assess the range of movement of the hand and also monitor the hand function during the course of hand rehabilitation. Static and dynamic calibrations were performed for the Euler angles calculated from the MARG sensors. The results are also presented for physiological flexion/extension of the wrist (relative roll), flexion/extension of elbow (relative pitch), and internal rotation/external rotation (relative yaw). The static calibration results gave mean absolute errors of 4.1° for roll, 4.0° for pitch, and 4.6° for yaw. From the dynamic calibration, the speed of response to a step change gave a convergence time of 0.4 s; sinusoidally oscillating movement gave good tracking at 0.2 Hz but exhibits overshoot errors at higher frequencies which were tested to be 1 Hz. We present the results of the calibration of the instrumented glove (one sensor pair measuring one joint angle) measuring anatomical joint angles—mean absolute errors during static calibration: 6.3° for a relative roll (wrist flexion/extension), 5.0° for relative pitch (elbow flexion/extension), and 4.5° for relative yaw (shoulder internal rotation/external rotation). The experimental results from the instrumented glove are promising, and it can be used as an alternative to the traditional goniometer based hand function assessments.
CLIMATE VARIABILITY, INPUT SUBSTITUTION, AND TECHNOLOGICAL GAPS OF MAIZE FARMS IN GHANA

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In most developing countries climate variability affect food crop production due to its impact on input substitution and technological differentials. This study hypothesized that climate variability affect input substitutability and technological differential of maize farms across agro-ecological zones in Ghana. A metafrontier production function model for farms in different agro-ecological zones having different technologies were analyzed. Using cross-sectional data from 622 farmers across the three major agro-ecological zones, we found that all maize farms across the agro ecological zones are less efficient. However, farms in the forest zone have higher efficiency scores than farms within coastal and savannah zones. Farms in the coastal and savannah zones are closer to their potential output defined by the metafrontier function than farms within the forest zone. The stochastic frontiers for all farms within coastal and savannah zones are tangent to the stochastic metafrontier. Farms within coastal and savannah zones use more advanced technology than farms within the forest zone as indicated by the intercept term in the production function. Policy makers should ensure that climatic conditions prevailing in the different agro ecological zones across the country are taken into consideration while formulating agricultural policy. Since climate variability may have either positive or negative effects on these policies as well as farm technologies used.
A risc approach to sensing and manipulation

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract This article describes sensing and manipulation strategies that use simple, modular robot hardware. To bridge the gap between automation and robotic technologies, we suggest that traditional automation hardware, such as parallel‐jaw grippers and optical beam sensors, can be combined with geometric planning and sensing algorithms. The resulting systems should be cost‐effective, reliable, and easy to set up and reconfigure. They should also be flexible enough to support small batch sizes and rapid changes in part design needed in forthcoming flexible/agile manufacturing systems. The RISC acronym, borrowed from computer architecture, suggests the parallels between the two technologies. RISC robots perform complex operations by composing simple elements. The elements may be individual light beam sensors, grouped together to form an array for recognition. Or a complex manipulation task may be performed via a sequence of grasp steps by different grippers specialized for acquisition and placement. This article emphasizes three areas: (i) RISC sensing, primarily optical beam sensing, (ii) RISC manipulation using simple parallel‐jaw grippers or minimal configurations of fingers, and (iii) Computer‐aided design of RISC workcells. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Regulation of non-specific lipid transfer proteins in abiotically stressed Physcomitrella patens

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Non-specific lipid transfer proteins is a large and diverse protein family found in plants, with roles in biological systems ranging from long distance signaling to plant pathogen defense. Little is known about the roles of nsLTPs, but recent studies have cast some light on the issue, among other things proposing that they may be involved in the cutice formation on land-living liverworts, mosses and non-seedbearing plants. Increased cuticle formation is thought to be a part of a plants defense system against stress. In this experiment, the expression of nsLTPs type G in the moss Physcomitrella patens was examined by qRT-PCR on cDNA synthesized from already existing mRNA samples from moss under different abiotic stresses. The different stresses were UV-light, salt (ion toxicity), heavy metal, cold drought, plant hormone and osmosis. House-keeping gene P. patens beta-tubuline 1 was used as reference and relative expression analysis was performed. The study showed a general down-regulation of PpLTPg's in the abiotically stressed samples, and the possible coupled regulatory response of PpLTPg3 and PpLTPg5. The results imply that the PpLTPg's in Physcomitrella patens could be connected to biological processes that cease during stress, or that they worl through negative feedback to support plant defense against stress.
Visualization of Krebet Wood Mask in Visual Arts Learning For PGSD Students: A Study of Creativity Habitus

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This article is research results about making Krebet “batik” masks in groups carried out by PGSD students. Research’s aims to describe the application of Pierre Bourdieu's concept of habitus and Wallas' creative process. Research methodology is qualitative and case study approach. Data collection techniques are observation and document review. Data analysis techniques are data collection, data reduction, data presentation, drawing conclusions and verification. The subjects researched were PGSD FKIP UAD students, while the objects were Krebet wooden batik masks. Results show that: (1) students applying habitus concept in the practice of making “batik” wooden masks (knowledge, understanding, perceptions, values, and actions) that are internalized as part of society in Yogyakarta; (2) students were integrated habitus concept in the stages of the creative process: (a) the preparation stage which is carried out by forming groups and discussing the theme of “batik” motifs; (b) incubation stage, search for inspiration forms explored of motifs following “batik” objects; (c) illumination stage on the surface of the mask with "canthing" and liquid wax according to the design; d) verification stage by testing new visualization ideas in making designs on paper and transferring them to the wood directly based on the basic elements of fine art.
Behavioral Diversity, Choices and Noise in the Iterated Prisoner's Dilemma

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract—Real-world dilemmas rarely involve just two choices and perfect interactions without mistakes. In the iterated prisoner’s dilemma (IPD) game, intermediate choices or mistakes (noise) have been introduced to extend its realism. This paper studies the IPD game with both noise and multiple levels of cooperation (intermediate choices) in a coevolutionary environment, where players can learn and adapt their strategies through an evolutionary algorithm. The impact of noise on the evolution of cooperation is first examined. It is shown that the coevolutionary models presented in this paper are robust against low noise (when mistakes occur with low probability). That is, low levels of noise have little impact on the evolution of cooperation. On the other hand, high noise (when mistakes occur with high probability) creates misunderstandings and discourages cooperation. However, the evolution of cooperation in the IPD with more choices in a coevolutionary learning setting also depends on behavioral diversity. This paper further investigates the issue of behavioral diversity in the coevolution of strategies for the IPD with more choices and noise. The evolution of cooperation is more difficult to achieve if a coevolutionary model with low behavioral diversity is used for IPD games with higher levels of noise. The coevolutionary model with high behavioral diversity in the population is more resistant to noise. It is shown that strategy representations can have a significant impact on the evolutionary outcomes because of different behavioral diversities that they generate. The results further show the importance of behavioral diversity in coevolutionary learning. Index Terms—Behavioral diversity, coevolution, coevolutionary learning, evolutionary computation, iterated prisoner’s dilemma (IPD), representation. I.
Endovascular Aortic Repair After Proximal Stent Graft Migration of a Modified Frozen Elephant Trunk

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We describe the endovascular repair for a proximal endograft migration following a modified frozen elephant trunk (mFET) repair for a retrograde type A dissection (retro-A AD). A 40-year-old man presented with a type B aortic dissection that progressed to a retro-A AD. He was emergently taken to the operating room for an mFET repair. Computed tomography (CT) angiogram on the day of discharge revealed that the proximal end of the endograft migrated through the primary intimal tear resulting in obstruction of true lumen flow. The patient returned to the catheterization lab for endovascular repair utilizing a through-and-through wire to extend the endograft proximally and a left carotid-subclavian artery bypass. This complication highlights the importance of postoperative CT surveillance and the endovascular technique utilized to restore aortic true lumen flow.
Navigating Entrepreneurship Ecosystems in the UAE, Qatar, and the UK

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Abstract In the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) nations, there is a growing emphasis on entrepreneurship education as a core component of their economic strategies. Despite its recognised significance, there is an evident research void about its practical implementation within the GCC region. Our chapter bridges this gap with a detailed analysis of entrepreneurial ecosystems in the UAE and Qatar. By juxtaposing these GCC nations with the UK, we aim to provide insights that can steer policymakers in honing entrepreneurship. Our in-depth assessment touches upon the strengths, weaknesses, government interventions, funding models, challenges, and upcoming needs of these countries. A key revelation from our study is the influence cultural norms hold on entrepreneurship. Both GCC countries are refining their entrepreneurial ecosystems, emphasising higher education and experiential learning. Taking cues from the UK and other relevant countries can enhance enterprise education. Stakeholder support is crucial for a robust entrepreneurial foundation.
Seismic vulnerability methods for masonry buildings in historical centres: validation and application for prediction analyses and intervention proposals

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A valid approach for the limit analysis of existing masonry buildings in seismic areas concerns the application of single or combined kinematics models involving the equilibrium of structural macro-elements. They can be more reliable in describing the real structural behaviour than common equivalent static procedures, based on the “box” behaviour of the structure and on the elasto-plastic behaviour of the masonry. The main results of the application of different procedures for the static analysis of masonry buildings in seismic area are discussed in the paper. Urban centres suffering different levels of damage and different typologies of buildings are compared.
Synthesis of a Two-Layer Polyionic Bienzyme Complex of Superoxide Dismutase 1 and Catalase of the Smallest Size

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

We study the factors affecting the size of two-layer polyionic bienzyme SOD1/catalase conjugates: the nature and concentration of the buffer solution, the pH maintained during particle synthesis, and the initial molar ratio of the enzymes. The optimal conditions for obtaining conjugates of the minimum size are determined. The conjugates obtained under these conditions demonstrate the high storage stability of both enzymes.
Historical and Sociolinguistic Aspects of Use of Anglicisms in the Kazakh Language

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The paper investigates the use of Anglicisms in Kazakh Language, focusing on the similarities and differences in their adoption and adaptation to the language system. In this regard, it is important to research the historical conditions of penetration of Anglicisms and describe lexical-semantic spheres of their use. Functions of this intensively growing lexical group reflect a wide range of social-political and cultural-humanitarian processes occurring in modern society. This active layer of lexical system of language, on the one hand, bears evidence of scientific and technical progress in Kazakhstan involved in the process of globalization, on the other hand, the problem of Anglicisms is an interesting object for sociolinguistic analysis. The conducted historical and sociolinguistic analysis allows us to draw a conclusion about changes both conceptual and the linguistic worldview of Kazakh people, about the new phenomena in its social and economic life, demanding language fixing.
Species of Synchytrium in Louisiana II. Species of Louisiana Synchytrium

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This species attacks the epidermal cells in basal leaves of Erigeron philadelphicus L. causing them to turn yellow. The galls start as very small green papillae visible on either surface but rarely visible on both. A few were found on the stems. They. are more abundant on the margins than on other parts of the leaves, and turn black with age. There is no evidence of a gall until the fungus is about half its full size. The fungus may be entirely submerged in the tissues of the host plant except for the opening to the surface, but in most cases one-half is submerged in the tissue of the leaf and the other half in the gall, which projects above the surface. No true galls are formed in the former type of infection, but the enlarged infected cells frequently extend from epidermis to epidermis. The opening leading to the infected cell is always visible if the sections are cut properly. The leaf may be slightly thickened or about twice as thick as normal. The host cells around the infected cells are not modified but are replaced by the enlarged, infected cells. When the infected cell is ready for segmentation it measures 126-167 t. The fungus is yellow, becoming orange-colored, 45-160 pt in diameter; when mature it is surrounded by a thick, yellow wall consisting of three layers. The
Tissue-specific antigens induce dual complementary T cell tolerance mechanisms

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract To understand tolerance mechanisms to tissue-specific antigens, we probed the development of polyclonal T cells specific for myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG), a myelin antigen targeted during autoimmune demyelinating disease. We find T cell tolerance occurs via two thymocyte selection processes. First, the presence of tissue-specific antigen intrinsically broadens the TCR repertoire to lower overall reactivity of effector T cells. Second, expression of MOG extrinsically induces a higher frequency of more efficacious antigen-specific Foxp3+ regulatory T cell population that prevents autoimmunity. Interestingly, clonal deletion mediated by thymocyte negative selection of high-affinity T cells was not apparent. Thus, cooperative tolerance exists to prevent autoimmunity towards tissue-specific antigens.
Management of Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The management of locally advanced rectal cancer remains a challenge because of relatively high local recurrence rates, even with optimal surgery. This chapter reviews the evidence from clinical trials for the use of various perioperative strategies based on radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or both in these patients, as well as discusses how these results may inform clinical practice. In particular, two treatment strategies that have been shown to be beneficial and that are standard treatment options for patients with locally advanced disease are short-course preoperative radiotherapy and long-course preoperative chemoradiotherapy. In clinical trials in which these treatments were used in addition to surgery, improvements in local recurrence rates have been observed, although overall survival has less frequently been prolonged. These patients should also receive postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy.
Accelerated elimination of N. brasiliensis from the small intestine after auto-anti-IgE induction.

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Immunization of rats with a purified IgE myeloma (IR2) induced an auto-anti-IgE response. Such treatment inhibited total IgE levels in the serum of conventional IgE-producing rats (Marshall & Bell, 1985) and increased the number of mucosal mast cells (MMC) in the intestine. The present study has investigated the ability of auto-anti-IgE induction to influence the course of a Nippostrongylus brasiliensis infection, to modify IgE synthesis, or to affect the number of MMC in the intestine following infection. Auto-anti-IgE induction was found to have a surprising effect on worm elimination. IR2-immunized rats were able to rid themselves of this nematode with an accelerated tempo--a small but significant effect after primary infection, but a substantial enhancement of worm loss after reinfection. Auto-anti-IgE induction was not able to prevent the typical increase in IgE that accompanies an N. brasiliensis infection, nor did it alter the helminth-induced intestinal mastocytosis. When MMC degranulation was measured by assaying the serum levels of a specific rat mast protease (RMCP II) following secondary infection, the amount of RMCP II released was less in auto-anti-IgE-producing rats. These findings have implications for the importance of IgE, MMC and other cells of inflammation in an anti-parasitic response.
Light-induced changes in GTP and ATP in frog rod photoreceptors. Comparison with recovery of dark current and light sensitivity during dark adaptation.J. Gem. Physiol

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Light decreases GTP and ATP levels in purified suspensions of physiologically active frog rod outer segments still attached to their inner segment ellipsoids (OS-IS). (a) The GTP decrease is slower in OS-IS (t1/2 = 40 s) than in isolated outer segments (hi2 = 7 s), which suggests there is more effective buffering in OS-IS. (b) The GTP decrease becomes detectable only at intensities greater than those required to saturate the photoresponse. As the intensity ofa continuous light is increased over 4 log units, GTP levels decrease linearly with log intensity by as much as 60 %. GTP is reduced to steady intermediate levels during extended illumination of intermediate intensity. (c) At levels of illumination bleaching&gt;0.003 % of the rhodopsin, a decrease in ATP levels becomes detectable. (d) Following a flash, GTP levels fall and- then rise with a recovery time dependent on the intensity ofthe flash. (e) After both 0.2 and 2 % flash bleaches, the recovery of GTP levels parallels the recovery of light sensitivity, which is slower than the recovery of the dark current. This raises the possibility of a link between GTP levels and light sensitivity.
The Supply, Use and Quality of Randstad Holland’s Transportation Networks in Comparative Perspective

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Accessibility is considered a major determinant of the economic competitiveness of metropolitan areas. Comparison with Germany’s Rhine–Ruhr area and Belgium’s Antwerp–Brussels–Ghent region on three accessibility factors may help to put Randstad’s position on this issue into perspective. The supply of transportation infrastructure is analysed by means of an assessment of the density, structure and capacity of the motorways, regional roads, railways and urban rail network. Randstad shows a medium level density of the motorway network, with a relatively low capacity when related to the number of residents within the region. The high number of motorway exits, however, compensates for the limited regional road network. The rail network density in Randstad is also relatively limited. Road and rail networks are used intensively in Randstad, when compared to the other regions. The resulting quality of transportation networks is quite good, but the faster population growth, and the limited remaining capacity and lack of alternative routes questions the future adequacy of these networks.
Fungsi Humas dalam Menjalin Hubungan di Pemerintahan Kota Bukittinggi

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this study is to know the function of public relations in maintaining, maintaining internal and external relations within the city government Bukittinggi. The research was motivated by negative issues circulating from the public among the Bukittinggi city government. The achievements of the City Government of Bukittinggi in a short time together with the problems that came, such as the fire of the Pasar Atas trade center which is the economic hub of the city of Bukittinggi, the central convection fire market Aur Kuning which is the largest wholesale and retail navel in West Sumatra. This study uses descriptive qualitative research methods. Data collected in the form of words, pictures and script interviews, notes in the field, photos, personal documentation and other official documentation. The results of this study reveal that the Public Relations Section for the Government of the city of Bukittinggi is a very important and very necessary need in the government. Especially related to meeting the community's need for information. The function of public relations is to communicate and inform the public about work plans, performance, and results achieved by the government. And establish a harmonious relationship with various parties. The function of public relations in the Bukittinggi city government is also to absorb aspirations from public reaction