jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Sixfolds of generalized Kummer type and K3 surfaces

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We prove that any hyper-Kähler sixfold $K$ of generalized Kummer type has a naturally associated manifold $Y_K$ of $\mathrm {K}3^{[3]}$ type. It is obtained as crepant resolution of the quotient of $K$ by a group of symplectic involutions acting trivially on its second cohomology. When $K$ is projective, the variety $Y_K$ is birational to a moduli space of stable sheaves on a uniquely determined projective $\mathrm {K}3$ surface $S_K$ . As an application of this construction we show that the Kuga–Satake correspondence is algebraic for the K3 surfaces $S_K$ , producing infinitely many new families of $\mathrm {K}3$ surfaces of general Picard rank $16$ satisfying the Kuga–Satake Hodge conjecture.
Ab initio studies of structural features not easily amenable to experiment. 25. Conformational analysis of methyl propanoate and comparison with the methyl ester of glycine

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The molecular geometries of three conformations of methyl propanoate (MEP) (CCCO torsions of 0°, 120°, and 180°) and the potential‐energy surfaces of MEP (CCCO torsions) and of the methyl ester of glycine (MEG) (NCCO torsions) have been determined by ab initio gradient calculations at the 4‐21G level. MEP has conformational energy minima at 0° and 120° of the CCCO torsion, while the 60–90° range and 180° are energy maxima. For MEG there are two minima (at 0° and 180°) and one barrier to NCCO rotation in the 60–90° range. The NCCO barrier height is about twice as high (4 kcal/mol) as the CCCO barrier. The 180° NCCO minimum is characteristically wide and flat allowing for considerable flexibility of the NCCO torsion in the 150–210° range. This flexibility could be of potential importance for polypeptide systems, since the NCCO angles of helical forms are usually found in this region. The molecular structures of the methyl ester group CH 3 OC(O)CH RR ′ in several systems are compared and found to be rather constant when R  H and R ′  H, CH 3 , CH 3 CH 2 ; or when R  NH 2 and R ′  H, CH 3 , or CH(CH 3 ) 2 .
IMPROVING THE EFFICIENCY OF SUBJECTS VEGETABLES IN THE URALS FEDERAL DISTRICT - ESSENTIAL TO IMPROVING THE REGION'S FOOD SECURITY

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Goal . In this paper, with the help of charts, histograms accumulation volume bubble chart describes the changes of gross yield, yield and acreage of vegetables in the regions of the Urals Federal District for the past 5 years. It has been studied the location of each entity of the Urals Federal District in the development of culture as the data over time and in relation to other subjects of the Urals Federal District. Factor analysis of the effect of yield and acreage to changes in gross collection. Built equation for forecasting the gross harvest of vegetables. Methods . We used the methods of descriptive statistics, visualization, factor analysis, correlation and regression analysis. Results . To identify differences between the federal districts were summarized figures for gross harvest, yield and acreage of vegetables in the regions of the Urals Federal District for the past 5 years. It is possible to trace the trend of changes in these parameters for all subjects of the Urals Federal District (as well as the relative position of the subjects), not only for one year, but for the last 5 years at the same time with the help of histograms and graphs accumulation. Bubble charts clearly demonstrated the interdependence of all three indicators that statistical calculations has been confirmed in the future. Factor analysis showed the importance of the influence of yield and acreage on the gross harvest of vegetables in the regions of the Urals Federal District. Conclusion . Using the methods of descriptive statistics, visualization, factor analysis, correlation and regression analysis demonstrated their great potential for the evaluation and analysis of the dynamics of efficiency of vegetable production. Based on the methods of descriptive statistics, and visualization was investigated the location of each entity in the development of culture as the data over time and in relation to other subjects of the Urals Federal District. We have been made appropriate recommendations on the priorities for each subject of the Urals Federal District. Correlation analysis confirms the conclusions about relationships between yield, crop areas, the gross collection made on the basis of bubble charts. On the basis of factor analysis, it was concluded that the yield of vegetables in the regions of the Urals Federal District is given a lot of attention, which is not fully to the increase in acreage. The calculated multiple regression equation allows you to make forecasts of gross collection and suggests that the effect size of the acreage is more important for the gross yield than the yield. The resulting factor analysis results allow management entities of the Urals Federal District to take concrete measures to increase the gross harvest of vegetables.
Abstract 312: A mouse model of chronic prostatic inflammation using a human prostate cancer-derived isolate of Propionibacterium acnes.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background: A causative role for infectious agents and chronic inflammation in prostate cancer etiology has been difficult to establish in humans. To study this potential link in an in vivo system, we have developed a mouse model of long-term bacteria-induced chronic inflammation of the prostate using a prostatectomy-derived strain of Propionibacterium acnes that may be of particular relevance to prostate cancer. Methods: Prostates of C57BL/6J mice were inoculated, via urethral catheterization, with PBS (control) or a strain of P. acnes (PA2) isolated from human prostatectomy tissues. Animals were assessed at 2 days, 1 week, 2 weeks, or 8 weeks post-inoculation via histology and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Results: PA2 inoculation resulted in severe acute and chronic inflammation confined to the dorsal lobe of the prostate. Chronic inflammatory infiltrates persisted for at least 8 weeks post-inoculation. Inflammatory lesions were associated with an increase in the Ki-67 proliferative index, and diminished Nkx3.1 and androgen receptor (AR) production. Interestingly, the observed response required live bacteria. Additionally, both IHC and in situ hybridization assays for P. acnes indicated a potential intracellular persistence of P. acnes in prostate epithelial cells. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first mouse model of long-term prostatic inflammation induced by P. acnes, and more generally, any prostatectomy tissue-derived bacterial isolate. This model may serve as a valuable preclinical model of chronic prostatic inflammation that can be used to mechanistically study the link between inflammation and prostate cancer and other prostate disease. Citation Format: Debika Biswal Shinohara, Ajay Vaghasia, Shu-Han Yu, William G. Nelson, Angelo M. De Marzo, Srinivasan Yegnasubramanian, Karen S. Sfanos. A mouse model of chronic prostatic inflammation using a human prostate cancer-derived isolate of Propionibacterium acnes. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 312. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-312
Modifying Phosphorus(III) Substituents to Activate Remote Ligand-Centered Reactivity in Triaminoborane Ligands

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Triaminoborane-bridged diphosphorus ligands called TBDPhos can undergo cooperative ligand-centered reactions at the 1,8,10,9-triazaboradecalin (TBD) backbone while bound to metals, but the factors that control this reactivity are not well understood. Previous studies showed that TBDPhos reactivity is highly sensitive to phosphorus substituents, ancillary ligands, and metal coordination environment despite these changes being significantly removed from the reactive N–B bond. Here we describe how exchanging phenyl and ethyl substituents attached to phosphorus with methoxy turns on ligand-centered reactions in otherwise unreactive (TBDPhos)Pt(S2C6H4) and (TBDPhos)Mo(CO)4 complexes. The synthesis and characterization of the complexes are described alongside comparative reactivity studies using MeOH as a simple but effective test substrate. Complementary density functional theory (DFT) calculations on an expanded series of (TBDPhos)Pt(S2C6H4) complexes corroborate the experimental results and show that both size and electronic properties of the phosphorus substituents can significantly influence the Gibbs free energy of reaction at the remote ligand site. These results demonstrate how seemingly ancillary ligand modifications can levy significant control over ligand-centered reactivity in TBDPhos complexes, which may be relevant when considering the design of other chemically reactive ligands with Lewis acidic functional groups.
AM-2604 A, a new antiviral antibiotic produced by a strain of Streptomyces.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

A novel antibiotic, AM-2604 A was isolated from the fermentation broth of Streptomyces sp. AM-2604 by solvent extraction and silica gel column chromatography. The antibiotic is pale yellow needles possessing UV absorption maxima at 280 nm and 330 nm (sh). The antibiotic possesses weak activity against fungi and trichomonad and potent inhibitory activity against various RNA and DNA viruses in vitro.
Dynamic primitive granularity control

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Dynamic primitive granularity control (DPGC) is a promising avenue for improving the performance of genetic programming (GP). However, it remains almost entirely unexplored. Further, it may pose many unique challenges in its design and implementation that traditional GP implementations do not. This paper presents an implementation of DPGC in order to determine what aspects of conventional GP design and implementation require special consideration. There are some common techniques used in GP that have been found here to negatively impact DPGC's ability to improve performance. Parsimony pressure appears to disproportionately penalize low-level primitives, and a mixed-granularity population suffers from heavy biases towards particular granularity levels, seemingly to the detriment of evolution. This paper provides hypotheses as to why these conventional techniques harm DPGC implementations, as well as several potential alternatives for use in the future that may remedy these detrimental effects.
Are Grignard Reactions in Deep Eutectic Solvents Interface‐Driven?

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Due to their high reactivity, organolithium and organomagnesium addition to ketones is usually performed under inert atmosphere at low temperature. Recent work has shown that, by dissolving the substrate in deep eutectic solvents (DES), these processes can be carried out on the benchtop, in air at room temperature. Surprisingly, the organometallic reagent, added to the DES from an organic solution, works in these conditions and gives better yields than in the standard setup. Here, we investigated acetophenone in a (1:2) choline chloride:glycerol (ChCl:Gly) DES solution by experimental liquid diffraction, neutron reflectometry, NMR, interfacial tension measurements, and by computational modelling. Our data show that this DES is a poor solvent for the ketone and promotes its accumulation at the surface of the liquid or its escape into the organic solvent. Molecular dynamics simulations of Grignard reagent i ‐PrMgCl in the (ChCl:Gly)/tetrahydrofuran biphasic system indicate also preference for its localisation at the interface. These results pinpoint why this combination of solvents promote the reaction, require stirring, and accounts for the lack of rapid decomposition of the organometallic reagents.
Ion-induced electron emission reduction via complex surface trapping

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A Monte Carlo model is developed and validated to understand the ion-induced electron emission (IIEE) characteristics of complex surfaces and to show the importance of using precise geometric features to examine surface morphology effects on the yield. The decrease in IIEE from carbon velvet is accurately simulated with two distinct geometries (based on SEM images), one composed of slanted, sparsely distributed fibers and the other of tightly packed, vertical fibers. Simulation results for tungsten fuzz using a cagelike geometry predict a reduction in the yield of ∼50% compared to flat W, contradictory to previous estimates. Collisional heatmaps using the cage geometry show that the angular independence of IIEE is due to electron trapping by the horizontally oriented fibers. These insights into the emission behavior of these surfaces provide guidance for the design of new surfaces that can improve the performance of plasma devices.
Symmetry-breaking vortex-lattice of a binary superfluid in a rotating bucket

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We study spontaneous-symmetry-broken phase-separated vortex lattice in a weakly interacting uniform rapidly rotating binary Bose superfluid contained in a quasi-two-dimensional circular or square bucket. For the inter-species repulsion above a critical value, the two superfluid components separate and form a demixed phase with practically no overlap in the vortex lattices of the two components, which will permit an efficient experimental observation of such vortices and study their properties. In case of a circular bucket with equal intra-species energies of the two components, the two components separate into two non-overlapping semicircular domains for all frequencies of rotation $Ω$ generating distinct demixed vortex lattices. In case of a binary Bose superfluid in both circular and square buckets, (a) the number of vortices increases linearly with $Ω$ in agreement with a suggestion by Feynman, and (b) the rotational energy in the rotating frame decreases quadratically with $Ω$ in agreement with a suggestion by Fetter.
Electron and hole accumulations at GaN/AlInN/GaN interfaces and conductive n-type AlInN/GaN distributed Bragg reflectors

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract We investigated electron and hole accumulations at GaN/AlInN/GaN interfaces by Hall effect measurement. The InN mole fraction and temperature dependences on the sheet carrier densities at the interfaces reveal that electrons and holes were induced by large positive and negative polarization charges to satisfy the charge neutrality conditions, respectively. On the basis of the above results, we then designed and demonstrated a low-resistity 10-pair Si-doped n-type AlInN/GaN distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) by using high Si doped and graded layers at the GaN/AlInN interfaces. The low-resistity n-type AlInN/GaN DBR will reduce the resistance and the internal loss in blue vertical-cavity surface emitting lasers.
Sensing and quantification of gatifloxacin in real wastewater effluents using solid-contact ion-selective membranes

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Purpose: To determine gatifloxacin hydrochloride (GTF) levels in real wastewater effluents.Methods: In the last few years, the application of membrane-sensitive electrodes in the analysis of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) has become a topic of paramount importance. Two ionselective electrodes (ISEs) were fabricated using phosphotungstic acid (PTA) and sodium tetraphenylborate (TPB) as ion combining principles, for selective cum sensitive determination of gatifloxacin hydrochloride (GTF) in factory wastewater effluents. The membranes were successfully fabricated, and their performance was optimized. A validation scheme that followed IUPAC guidelines was implemented in the application of the sensors for sensitive determination of gatifloxacin hydrochloride.Results: The fabricated membranes quantified the studied drug in a concentration range of 1 – 104 μM, with GTF-PTA and GTF-TPB electrodes showing gradients of 56.6 ± 0.40 and 57.8 ± 0.50 mV/decade, respectively. The fabricated sensors showed excellent working criteria in a pH range of one to five. A validation scheme was applied to the proposed method with respect to accuracy, robustness, and ruggedness. The suggested analytical procedure was effectively used for sensitive quantification of GTF in bulk form and in actual industrial water effluents.Conclusion: The proposed method has been efficiently applied for the determination of GTF in wastewater samples without any sample pretreatment.
The high-pressure phase behavior and compressibility of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The phase stability and isothermal compression behavior of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) have been established to 26.5 GPa using angle-dispersive x-ray diffraction. P-V isotherms derived from the high-pressure x-ray spectra displayed a slight density hysteresis around 4.0 GPa and a sharp discontinuity at ∼20.0 GPa. The latter transition is ascribed to a monoclinic-to-orthorhombic first-order phase transition in TNT. The conversion of the isothermal P-V data to the shock velocity-particle velocity plane revealed a deviation from linearity at low up, a cusp associated with the phase transition at high up, and general agreement with the wealth of unreacted Hugoniot data on TNT.
Writing Experiment Manuals in Science Education: The impact of writing, genre, and audience

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract In this study, Grade 9 students wrote experiment manuals for their peers describing a simple physics investigation to explore whether air takes space. Peers executed these manuals and their processes were videotaped. In several experimental conditions, these videotapes were played back for authors. Then they had to rewrite the experiment manual. Three weeks later they wrote a letter‐of‐advice, explaining to peers how to write an experiment manual. Both measures (rewritten manuals and letter‐of‐advice) showed clear effects of the condition in which writers saw real‐time readers' feedback on their own manual, on understanding of the genre of an experiment manual, as well as on the understanding of physics topics introduced. Acknowledgements This article is based on a paper presented by the first two authors at the international conference on Ontological, Epistemological, Linguistic and Pedagogical Considerations of Language and Science Literacy: Empowering Research and Informing Instruction, Victoria, B.C., Canada, 12–15 September. The authors thank the organizers for the opportunity to leave their research discipline—effective teaching of language and literature—and to mingle in all sorts of literacy and hard sciences. They learnt that terms and concepts ("explaining") in different sciences have different connotations. Happily, Brian Hand (USA) and Larry Yore (Canada) guided us with their comments on previous drafts on our way to embed the literacy jargon into the world of the science educators. Shari Yore's meticulous editing practice taught us much about how to formulate crisp and clear text. The authors also wish to thank David Galbraith (Staffordshire, UK) for his inspiring discussions on writing and learning. Parts of this paper rely on the authors' collaborative work.
Spiradicliskarstana (Rubiaceae), a new species from Yunnan, China

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This dataset contains the digitized treatments in Plazi based on the original journal article Wu, Lei, Li, Xiong, Liu, Wen-Jian, Liu, Quan-Ru (2019): Spiradicliskarstana (Rubiaceae), a new species from Yunnan, China. PhytoKeys 117: 1-8, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.117.28281, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.117.28281
Finite-time boundary control of a one-link Timoshenko arm

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper addresses the vibration suppression of a flexible arm modeled by a hybrid PDE-ODE model. Flexible arms, known for their speed, efficiency, and safety, are commonly modeled with the Euler–Bernoulli beam. However, this study uses the Timoshenko beam model for improved accuracy, accounting for shear and rotational inertia, making it applicable to more scenarios. A novel finite-time boundary controller is proposed to suppress vibrations within finite time, where the finite-time control is not previously proposed for the Timoshenko arm modeled by the hybrid PDE-ODE model. In particular, the proposed controller simplifies implementation by utilizing boundary sensing and actuation. The paper proves the finite-time stability of the system and validates the controller through numerical simulations. This work offers a practical and innovative solution for efficient vibration suppression in flexible arms.
Enhanced Link-Status Detection for High Speed Link Aggregation in Cognitive Radio Networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The aggregation of Wi-Fi links has been identified as one way of taking advantage of available channels to achieve higher speed data transmission in future cognitive radio networks. However variations in link quality make it difficult to achieve stable performance from aggregated Wi-Fi links. In this paper we present a method for controlling aggregation of Wi-Fi links based on monitoring of link status. We first discuss the requirements for detecting bad-links which degrade the performance of aggregated Wi-Fi links. We then describe the implementation of an enhanced link-status detection algorithm based on monitoring of signal strength and number of retransmissions. In particular, we address the problems of monitoring and recovering links after they have been dropped from use, and adjusting decision thresholds to adapt to changing wireless conditions. Finally, we report the results of tests which demonstrate the effectiveness for attaining efficient aggregation of Wi-Fi links for high throughput under varying wireless conditions.
Development and Validation of a Teacher's Praise Disposition Scale

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a teacher's praise dispositions scale(TPDS). On the basis of a literature review of praise, we developed 19 Likert-type items to measure praise dispositions of elementary and secondary school teachers. The developed scale was examined with 342 teachers. With an exploratory factor analysis we extracted 3 sub-factors of the scale consisted of 16 items; frequency, intention, and standard of praise. Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ coefficients of sub-scales were from .60 to .85 and split-half reliabilities were from .60 to .84. A confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to assess the suitability of three components model. It was found that some correlation coefficients, not all of them, between gratitude disposition and praise disposition were statistically significant. It suggested that teachers'praise disposition scale is related to gratitude disposition but is not the same scale. In conclusion, TPDS could be used to measure praise dispositions of teachers. However, for further validity and reliability, repeated research is necessary.
An exploratory study on the role of affordance and digital media literacy on virtual reality based cultural heritage contents in the 4<SUP>th</SUP> industrial revolution age

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

본 연구는 제 4차 산업혁명의 대표 기술로 평가되는 가상현실기반 문화유산 체험에 대한 사용자 경험을 이해하고자 VR 기술의 특성 이해, 개인의 VR 미디어에 대한 이해 및 활용능력, VR 기기와의 상호작용을 통해 유발되는 긍정적, 부정적 감정과 만족도 간의 영향관계를 연구모델로 설계하여 실증분석하였다. 설문조사 기간은 2019년 11월 22일부터 24일까지 3일간 경주에서 진행되었으며, 수집된 157개의 유효표본에 대하여 PLS_SEM 기반의 Smart PLS 3.0 프로그램을 활용하여 실증분석하였다. 주요 연구 결과를 살펴보면, 먼저 VR 기기의 인지적, 물리적, 감각적, 기능적 어포던스가 방문객의 긍정적 감정에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 부정적 감정 경험에는 VR기기의 감각적 어포던스와 기능적 어포던스가 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 도출되었다. 또한 사용자의 디지털 미디어 리터러시는 방문객의 긍정적인 감정 경험에만 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타나, 디지털 미디어 리터러시 요인이 VR 기반 문화유산 콘텐츠 경험에 영향을 미치는 새로운 주요 변수로서 논의될 수 있음을 제시하고 있다.
마지막으로 연구 결과는 학문적, 실무적 관련 연구에 대한 시사점을 포함하고 있다.