jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Electrochemical Performance of the LiNi[sub 1/3]Co[sub 1/3]Mn[sub 1/3]O[sub 2] in Aqueous Electrolyte

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

with a well-ordered layered structure, which is confirmed by X-ray diffraction, was synthesized by the sol–gel method. The electrochemical performance of was investigated in a 2 M aqueous solution and in an organic solution. showed a much better rate capability in the aqueous solution than in the organic solution; both charge and discharge processes were finished in a few seconds. The cycle performance of the electrode with different charge/discharge rates from 80 to 200C was tested, and it exhibited good cycle performance in the aqueous solution with only 9.1% capacity loss after 1000 cycles at 80C (charge and discharge processes both within 20 s). The diffusion coefficients of lithium ion in the bulk of in the aqueous and organic solutions were calculated to be and , respectively, by slow scan cyclic voltammetry. The electrochemistry impedance spectrum indicates that in the aqueous solution is less than , which is 1–2 magnitude lower than in the organic solution. The fast and stable interfacial charge transfer in the aqueous solution should lead to improved electrochemical performance.
Effects of fulvestrant on biological activity and Wnt expression in rat GH3 cells.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The present study investigated the influence of anti-estrogen treatment (fulvestrant) on pituitary adenoma cell line GH3 biological activity, the estrogen receptor α pathway, the WnT pathway, and mechanisms of decreased Wnt inhibitory factor-1 expression in GH3 cells. Results showed that fulvestrant suppressed GH3 cell proliferation and reduced hormone secretion in a dose-dependent manner. Estrogen receptor α and Wnt4 expression decreased, but Wnt inhibitory factor-1 expression increased in a dose-dependent manner following fulvestrant treatment, and β-catenin expression remained unchanged. Inhibitors of DNA methylation and histone modification upregulated Wnt inhibitory factor-1 expression. Results suggested that fulvestrant suppressed biological activity of GH3 cells via the estrogen receptor α and Wnt pathways. These results suggested that decreased Wnt inhibitory factor-1 expression in GH3 cells played a role in epigenetic mechanisms. Anti-estrogen therapies could provide novel treatments for growth hormone adenomas.
Separable Operators in Scattering Theory

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A general theory of nonlocal, separable operators in scattering theory is developed on the basis of variational techniques and eigenvalue analysis. The formalism gives as limiting cases the three-particle isobar model as well as the quasiparticle formalism. The extreme sensitivity of off-shell multiparticle theories to calculation approximation schemes is minimized by our methods. The theory provides optimal systematic extension and improvement of several multiparticle models.
Abuse of the Record of Arrest Not Leading to Conviction

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper compares the United States with thirty-nine other countries in regard to the use of records of arrest that have not led to a conviction. In the U.S., persons previously arrested though not convicted are often denied jobs or licenses because of the failure by government agencies and private employers to distinguish between an arrest and a conviction, a practice incom patible with the principle of the presumption of innocence.
Self-relevance increases the irrelevant sound effect: Attentional disruption by one's own name

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Memory performance is severely disrupted when task-irrelevant sound is played during item presentation or in a retention interval. Working memory models make contrasting assumptions on whether the semantic content of the auditory distractors modulates the irrelevant sound effect. In the present study, participants made more errors in serial recall when they had to ignore sentences containing their own name as opposed to that of a yoked-control partner. These results are only consistent with working memory models that allow for attentional processes to play a role in the explanation of the irrelevant sound effect. With repeated presentation the disruptive effect of one's own name decreased, whereas the disruptive effect of the auditory distractors in the control condition remained constant. The latter finding is most consistent with the duplex model of auditory attention, which assumes that the irrelevant sound effect is primarily caused by automatic interference of acoustic distractor features, but at the same time allows for a disruption of encoding due to attentional capture by unexpected deviants. However, to explain the present results, the mechanism responsible for the attentional capture has to be extended to highly (self-)relevant auditory distractors.
Judicial Decisions in the Era of Information Technology Review of Electronic Evidence and Its Role in Forensic Psychiatry Expertise

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Objectives: This study aims to explore the impact of information technology on judicial decisions, specifically focusing on the review of electronic evidence and its significance in forensic psychiatry expertise. The objectives include identifying the types of electronic evidence commonly used in legal proceedings, assessing their reliability and admissibility, and examining how these factors influence judicial outcomes in forensic psychiatry cases. Methods: A thorough literature review was performed, evaluating recent case studies, legal frameworks, and expert perspectives on the incorporation of electronic evidence within judicial processes. Additionally, a review of insights from legal professionals and forensic psychiatrists was conducted to examine the practical applications and challenges faced in the field. Results: The findings indicate that electronic evidence, such as digital communications, social media activity, and electronic records, plays a crucial role in shaping judicial decisions. The study highlights the growing acceptance of such evidence in courtrooms, while also addressing concerns regarding privacy, data integrity, and the potential for bias. Furthermore, the role of forensic psychiatrists in interpreting electronic evidence is emphasized, showcasing their expertise in understanding the psychological implications of digital interactions. Conclusions: The integration of information technology into the judicial system has transformed the landscape of evidence evaluation. Electronic evidence is increasingly recognized as a vital component in forensic psychiatry, enhancing the accuracy of assessments and contributing to more informed judicial decisions. However, ongoing training and clear guidelines are essential to ensure the effective and ethical use of electronic evidence in legal contexts.
Suddenly eLearning: A qualitative study of university students during COVID-19

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

When an organization has to turn to eLearning practically overnight and without preparation as it was the case in spring 2020 due to COVID-19 regulations, there are many challenges to be overcome This contribution is based on qualitative interviews with 34 students studying for becoming primary school teachers at KPH Vienna/Krems (Austria) in April and May 2020 using an online conferencing tool Students were asked about their experience after six to seven weeks of eLearning, the challenges they had to face as well as what they missed most when learning online Finally, they should also state if they could imagine keeping some elements of eLearning for the next terms as well Results show that most lecturers used the already established learning management system moodle Some students struggled with organizing their new university life in the beginning due to missing structuring elements Also, group-work was perceived as rather difficult compared to the terms before What students missed most were social contacts to fellow students but also to lecturers Although there were quite some challenges to be overcome for students, most of them said that they were interested in keeping some elements of eLearning for the future - mostly to be more flexible, to save time and to engage more deeply with the subjects The study thus shows that eLearning or blended learning might be an option even for a very traditional university like KPH Vienna/Krems © 2020 Academic Conferences Limited All rights reserved
Theoretical analysis of inter-observer variability in the determination of luminance thresholds

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

We present an analytical method to analyze, from a theoretical point of view, the influence of color-matching functions on the perception of luminance thresholds. We show that the thresholds depend on the spectral responsivities of each observer. We also analyze the influence of luminance level on the thresholds: a strong inter-observer variability is found at low or moderate luminance levels (0.02 < Y < 1 ft-L) whereas at high intensities (1 < Y < 7 ft-L) the thresholds are observer-independent.
LHD ICHVOLT #71448.1

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Ion Cyclotron Range of Frequencies (ICRF) heating system to launch fast waves (Ion Cyclotron Range of Frequencies (ICRF) waves) to heat plasma particles by wave-particle interaction. Raw data are forward and reflected power and voltage of transmission lines, 3.5 U/L and 4.5 U/L.
[Utilization of rubidium 86 for humoral cytotoxicity tracing of sarcoma 180].

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

86Rb has been used as a tracer for Sarcoma 180 ascitic cells in a humoral cytotoxicity system, and compared with the trypan blue dye exclusion method. In as little as five minutes after contact with antiserum and complement, about 90 p. cent of the isotope has gone from the cells, with a significant difference between controls and experimentals. There is a good correlation between 86Rb and trypan blue dye exclusion results. The only pitfall is a relative fragility of cells during the centrifugation stages of the two washings.
Cinnamon Java Roll Modification as Alternative Sweet Snack for Diabetes Mellitus Patients

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract One of the healthy lifestyles that continues to grow is consuming healthy food. The consumption of sweet bread in Indonesia continues to increase, and as a result, the cases of people with diabetes mellitus in Indonesia have also experienced a significant increase, for it is not recommended for people with diabetes mellitus to consume excessive amounts of sweet bread. A cinnamon roll is a dough roll sheet consisting of the cinnamon and sugar mixture (raisins or other sweet fruit ingredients) which are sprinkled on top of a thin layer of butter. Cinnamon Java Roll is a modified product of cinnamon roll with cinnamon and palm sugar with lower sugar content due to the ingredients in it, where there is a modification of the ingredients by adding palm sugar which has a lower glycemic index, and the addition of sliced dates as an additional sweetener and almond nuts for nutritional enrichment. One slice of bread contains 137 Cal of energy, 2.59 grams of protein, 4.93 grams of fat, and 22.36 grams of carbohydrates with a sugar content of 8.37 grams/serving (1 slice) and 75.34 grams/recipe (9 slices).
Absence of Focal Compensatory Enlargement or Constriction in Diseased Human Coronary Saphenous Vein Bypass Grafts

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background No in vivo data are available on the occurrence of compensatory enlargement or vessel constriction in diseased human coronary saphenous vein bypass grafts (SVBGs). The aim of this intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) study was to examine to what extent lumen reduction is accompanied by (1) vessel wall thickening and (2) arterial wall constriction in SVBGs. Methods and Results We used IVUS to examine 43 SVBGs from 42 patients (32 men, 10 women; mean age, 72±5 years) 8 to 23 (11±4) years after SVBG. IVUS images were obtained with a 3.5F monorail ultrasound catheter with a 30-MHz frequency and were analyzed at the lesion site, the reference site, and an intermediate site. The lumen area was significantly ( P <.01) decreased; the vessel wall area (SVBG cross-sectional area minus lumen area) and the plaque area (area within the external elastic lamina minus lumen area) were significantly ( P <.01) increased from the reference site through the lesion site. However, SVBG cross-sectional area was the same at these three sites (24.0±8.1 versus 24.4±8.6 versus 24.5±8.6 mm 2 , P =NS), and the external elastic lamina area was also quite constant in each vessel (17.8±6.0 versus 17.7±6.4 versus 17.6±6.2 mm 2 , P =NS). Conclusions These in vivo IVUS data from human coronary SVBGs demonstrate that (1) no focal compensatory enlargement or vessel constriction occurred in stenotic segments compared with the reference segments and that (2) the absence of focal compensatory enlargement appears to be a potentially important factor in the progression of stenoses in coronary SVBGs.
Muhammad's Social Justice or Muslim Cant?: Langdellianism and the Failures of Islamic Finance

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

"40 Cornell International Law Journal 89 (2007)Though it is advertised and promoted as the bulwark of an alternative economic system based on populist Muslim notions of social justice and fairness, Islamic finance as a practice has failed to meet these objectives. The causes of that failure and the question of whether alternative approaches are possible are the subject of this Article. The failure of Islamic finance to provide that which it promotes is the direct consequence of the application of an Islamic logic driven interpretive system through which rules are derived, which its adherents claim was formalized and systematized by the early jurist Muhammad Ibn Idris Al-Shafi'i. The system bears remarkable resemblance to the jurisprudential theories of Christopher Columbus Langdell in that particular cases (the reports of Muhammad, or hadith) are selected and then expanded into fundamental principles, or at least fundamental rules, through a doctrine known as qiyas, or analogical reasoning. The result is a financial system characterized by an incoherent web of rules, convenient and specific blindness respecting those rules in particular contexts, and deceptive and obfuscatory measures intended to lend the entire affair a patina of legitimacy as Islamic. Social justice and fairness are not significant components of the system. A principled alternative interpretive system, however, does seem possible so long as it remains within particular parameters, among them faithful adherence to Qur'anic verse, substantial respect for the hadith and sufficient systematization and methodological rigor to avoid what some Islamic jurists call subjectivity, or lack of interpretive control. Specifically, the Article engages and expands upon the ideas of Abdul Razzaq Sanhuri and Muhammad Baqir al-Sadr as potential avenues for reform that lie within these parameters. For the full text of the Article, please see 40 Cornell International Law Review 89 (2007)."
Incidental captures of birds in small-mammal traps: a cautionary note for interdisciplinary studies

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Although benefits of interdisciplinary studies are numerous, potential exists for data acquisition for some aspects of such studies to impact data acquisition for other aspects. This may be particularly true in studies involving both trapping of small mammals and assessment of bird populations. We summarize the incidence of birds captured during 8 research projects in Massachusetts, Oregon, and Washington that used 5 types of small-mammal traps, and discuss possible impacts of small-mammal trapping on bird surveys and possible mitigation measures. In these studies, 867 birds representing 17 species were captured in 703,138 total trap-nights (TN). The song sparrow (Melospiza melodia), spotted towhee (Pipilo maculatus), Steller’s jay (Cyanocitta stelleri), and gray jay (Perisoreus canadensis) accounted for 86% of all bird captures; ground-foraging species accounted for 54% of all bird captures. Relatively high capture rates were observed in Sherman (H. B. Sherman Traps, Inc., Tallahassee, Flor.) and Tomahawk traps (Tomahawk Live Trap Co., Tomahawk, Wisc.) (4.1 and 9.8 birds/1,000 TN, respectively) in study 1, whereas pitfall and Ugglan (Grahnab, Ekhaga Marieholm, Hillerstorp, Sweden) traps had negligible captures (<0.1 and 0.0 birds/1,000 TN, respectively) in 4 studies that used them. On 11 occasions capture rates in 1 stand on 1 day in study 1 ranged from 50.0–100.0 birds/1,000 TN. Despite relatively high capture rates of birds in Tomahawk and Sherman traps in 2 studies, the 6 other studies had limited avian captures in both these and all other trap types used. Variability in avian capture rates within trap types across studies makes it difficult to predict the time of year when and habitats where avian captures could occur. Therefore, researchers should be mindful of potential negative impacts of small-mammal trapping on avian aspects of research when designing interdisciplinary studies that include both avian and small-mammal components conducted simultaneously at the same sites.
Fabrication of Permanent Antistatic PMMA Copolymer for Enhanced Antistatic and Mechanical Properties

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The high surface resistance of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) causes its poor antistatic performance. Once the surface is rubbed, the electric charge will be accumulated, and the harmful static phenomena will be generated, which leads to limited application and development of PMMA. In this study, PMMA was modified by the ionic antistatic agent allyl trimethylammonium chloride (TMA), and acrylic acid was used as a compatibilizer to improve the compatibility between TMA and MMA. The surface resistance of PMMA can be reduced to 6.5 × 109 Ω by only 1.25 wt % TMA, which is 5 orders of magnitude lower than that of pure PMMA. Since the antistatic agent can be copolymerized with MMA through a double bond, the antistatic effect obtained is permanent. What is more, the core advantage of high transmittance of the composite material is maintained, and the mechanical properties and thermal stability are improved. The Vicat softening temperature of the copolymer was 96.6 °C when 1.25 wt % TMA was added, which obviously exceeds the long-term service temperature of PMMA. This research provides more possibilities for the study of high-performance PMMA.
Active vibration isolation using a six-axis orthogonal vibration isolation platform with piezoelectric actuators

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Piezoelectric actuators (PEA) act an important role in active vibration control area due to the advantages of fast response, high output force, small size and light weight. A 6-axis orthogonal vibration isolation platform based on PEAs is designed, which satisfies the demands of heavy payload, small installation space and multi degree of freedom vibration isolation. The dynamic model of the six-axis orthogonal vibration isolation platform with PEAs is established using Newton-Euler method. With the layout of six PEAs around the axis of symmetry, the dynamic equations could be decoupled into two single-input-single-output (SISO) subsystems and two multi-input-multi-output (MIMO) subsystems. Based on the modal superposition method, the two MIMO subsystems are further decoupled. The control strategy for each SISO system is developed with LQR control method. To evaluate the effectiveness of the control method, the simulation and verification experiment are conducted. The simulation result and experimental data indicate that the decoupling control of the proposed six-axis orthogonal vibration isolation platform with piezoelectric actuators effectively reduces the vibration response of payload within the target frequency range of 20 Hz to 200 Hz.
IMMUNESUPPRESSION AND CANCER: A COMPARISON OF RISKS IN RECIPIENTS OF ORGAN TRANSPLANTS AND IN HIV-POSITIVE INDIVIDUALS.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Felipe, Claudia R; Park, Sung I; Pinheiro-Machado, Paula G; Garcia, Riberto; Casarini, Dulce E; Moreira, Silvia; Tedesco-Silva, Helio Jr; Medina-Pestana, Jose O Author Information
Review of Nationalist politics and everyday ethnicity in a Transylvanian town, by Brubaker, R., et al.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Rogers Brubaker and his colleagues’ highly innovative tome, Nationalist Politics and Everyday Ethnicity in a Transylvanian Town, makes much progress in the search for more apposite reconceptualizations for understanding current—and highly contested—notions surrounding the concept of ethnicity, as well as ethnicity’s centrality to current related discourses. They take their modus operandi (p. 13) from Eric Hobsbawm’s premise that nationhood and nationalism are dual phenomena (Nations and Nationalism since 1780 [Cambridge University Press, 1990]), and though constructed from above (the team primarily explores “nationalist politics”), still need to be observed from below (they then explore in detail the enactment of everyday ethnicity). Furthermore, the analysis deliberately avoids using existing terminology such as “groups” (p. 11) tied to inherent notions of “boundedness,” preferring the looser and less fraught term of “categories,” allowing for a clearer observance of interactions at the individual level.
Sleeping the way to success: Examining the relationship between sleep and academic success among college students

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The negative effects of poor sleep habits have been widely studied, although there is little research focusing on the academic impact that poor sleep has among the college student population, where poor sleep seems to be prevalent. Research studies have consistently documented that sleep difficulties and daytime tiredness affect more than half of college students. Daytime naps, pulling "all-nighter" cram sessions, and late bedtimes and rise times are just a few of the common scenarios that deeply disturb the sleep quality and quantity of college students. The American Sleep Association (2007) has shown that sleep is necessary for survival in animals and absolutely essential to humans for support in their daily functioning. This study sought to examine the relationship between sleep patterns and academic performance of college students in a mid-size state university setting in east-central Illinois. Through a quantitative study, the student's sleep quantity and sleep quality were examined in relation to their academic performance, measured by grade point average and other self-reported factors that are considered crucial for academic success, such as attending class. Although the findings of the present study did not show a great deal of statistical significance, it should be noted that statistically significant differences were found in grade point average among the short, average and long sleepers. These findings could serve as a guide for additional research on the target population. Findings could also potentially equip student affairs professionals with valuable information to assist them in the development and implementation of a sleep hygiene education program for students in an effort to improve their overall health and academic performance.