jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Effect of intravenous ghrelin administration, combined with alcohol, on circulating metabolome in heavy drinking individuals with alcohol use disorder

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Ghrelin may influence several alcohol‐related behaviors in animals and humans by modulating central and/or peripheral biological pathways. The aim of this exploratory analysis was to investigate associations between ghrelin administration and the human circulating metabolome during alcohol exposure in nontreatment seeking, heavy drinking individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD). Methods We used serum samples from a randomized, crossover, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled human laboratory study with intravenous (IV) ghrelin or placebo infusion in two experiments. During each session, participants received a loading dose (3 µ g/kg) followed by continuous infusion (16.9 ng/kg/min) of acyl ghrelin or placebo. The first experiment included an IV alcohol self‐administration (IV‐ASA) session and the second experiment included an IV alcohol clamp (IV‐AC) session, both with the counterbalanced infusion of ghrelin or placebo. Serum metabolite profiles were analyzed from repeated blood samples collected during each session. Results In both experiments, ghrelin infusion was associated with an altered serum metabolite profile, including significantly increased levels of cortisol (IV‐ASA q ‐value = 0.0003 and IV‐AC q < 0.0001), corticosterone (IV‐ASA q = 0.0202 and IV‐AC q < 0.0001), and glycochenodeoxycholic acid (IV‐ASA q = 0.0375 and IV‐AC q = 0.0013). In the IV‐ASA experiment, ghrelin infusion increased levels of cortisone ( q = 0.0352) and fatty acids 18:1 ( q = 0.0406) and 18:3 ( q = 0.0320). Moreover, in the IV‐AC experiment, ghrelin infusion significantly increased levels of glycocholic acid ( q < 0.0001) and phenylalanine ( q = 0.0458). Conclusion IV ghrelin infusion, combined with IV alcohol administration, was associated with increases in the circulating metabolite levels of corticosteroids and glycine‐conjugated bile acids, among other changes. Further research is needed to understand the role that metabolomic changes play in the complex interaction between ghrelin and alcohol.
Correlation between Contrast-Enhanced Power Doppler and Pathology in Quantitative Vascularity of Breast Masses

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose To determine the relationship between color pixel density of breast masses in contrast enhanced power Doppler and in pathology. Methods Contrast enhanced power Doppler was performed on 51 patients with breast masses (28 benign, 23 malignant). Computer assisted analyzed color pixel density of breast mass. Microvessel density was measured in surgical specimens after immunohistochemical staining using anti factor CD34. Results Both color pixel density and microvessel density had the same gradient, malignant groupbenign groupcontrol group (10 parenchyma distal to breast masses). Axillary node positive tumors demonstrated significantly higher color pixel density and area density of microvessel than did axillary node negative tumors ( P 0.05 ). These studies showed a good correlation between color pixel density by power Doppler imaging and area density of microvessel by histologic examination ( r =0.84, P 0.001). Conclusion Breast mass vascularity of quantified contrast enhanced power Doppler shows a good correlation with the corresponding histologic microvessel density measurement. Contrast enhanced power Doppler has a potential ability for differentiating breast mass and for predicting breast tumor prognosis.
Improving field screening of groundnut genotypes for resistance to foliar fungal diseases

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In order to avoid problems encountered in field trials for resistance to rust (Puccinia arachidis and late leaf spot (Phaeoisariopsis personata) [Mycosphaerella berkeleyi]) caused by damage from one disease when the other is being evaluated, each genotype was tested for reaction to each disease in separate trials. The use of Bavistin [carbendazim] to prevent the establishment of leaf spot in the rust resistance trial and Calixin [tridemorph] in the leaf spot trial to prevent establishment of rust enabled these trials to be effective.
Integrated approaches for the functional characterization of miRNAs in grapevine

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Micro(mi)RNAs are small non-coding RNAs that regulate several pathways and are widely recognised as key players in plant development, tissue differentiation, and many other important physiological processes, including plant adaptation to biotic and abiotic stresses. The release of plant genomes and the application of high throughput sequencing have considerably extended miRNA discovery across many species, including grapevine (Vitis spp.). Despite their relevance in plant development, functional studies in grapevine to clarify the function of miRNAs are not yet available. Through the grapevine genetic improvement platform IMPROVIT at CNR-IPSP (http://www.ipsp.cnr.it/en/thematics/turin-headquarter-thematics/improvit/), we developed integrated approaches to discover miRNA function in grapevine. Transgenic plants were generated by either overexpressing or silencing vvi-miR393, a miRNA conserved in different plant species, and vvi_miC137, a grapevine-specific miRNA whose function is unknown despite being transcriptionally regulated in response to biotic and abiotic stresses. A total of 212 transgenic grapevines from two V. vinifera cultivars (Chardonnay and Bragat rosa) and the 110R rootstock were characterized. Molecular analyses showed that overexpressing lines increased the expression of the selected miRNAs up to 10-fold, whereas silencing by short tandem target mimic (STTM) approach reduced the expression of mature miRNAs by 70%. Five independed transgenic lines for each genotype and construct were acclimatised in greenhouse. Additionally, vvi_miC137 lines were ecophysiologically characterized under well-watered and drought conditions. Preliminary results showed that vvi_miC137 influenced plant development and leaf gas exchanges, its partial silencing improved grapevine growth performance. This miRNA could represent a new potential target for genetic improvement by gene editing.
Chronic impairment of ERK signaling in glutamatergic neurons of the forebrain does not affect spatial memory retention and LTP in the same manner as acute blockade of the ERK pathway

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract The ERK/MAPK signaling pathway has been extensively studied in the context of learning and memory. Defects in this pathway underlie genetic diseases associated with intellectual disability, including impaired learning and memory. Numerous studies have investigated the impact of acute ERK/MAPK inhibition on long‐term potentiation and spatial memory. However, genetic knockouts of the ERKs have not been utilized to determine whether developmental perturbations of ERK/MAPK signaling affect LTP and memory formation in postnatal life. In this study, two different ERK2 conditional knockout mice were generated that restrict loss of ERK2 to excitatory neurons in the forebrain, but at different time‐points (embryonically and post‐natally). We found that embryonic loss of ERK2 had minimal effect on spatial memory retention and novel object recognition, while loss of ERK2 post‐natally had more pronounced effects in these behaviors. Loss of ERK2 in both models showed intact LTP compared to control animals, while loss of both ERK1 and ERK2 impaired late phase LTP. These findings indicate that ERK2 is not necessary for LTP and spatial memory retention and provide new insights into the functional deficits associated with the chronic impairment of ERK signaling.
New development on anti-tumor effect of immunity leukocytes

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Natural killer cells,macrophages and neutrophils,as the body's natural immune cells,can respond quickly to the invasion of pathogens,is the basis for the development of specific immunity.Compared with the adaptive immune,anti-tumor effect of natural immune is weakeK Granulocytes can identify cancer cells,in the form of rose petals-like polymer,then release of toxins and dissolve cancer cells.

Key words:
Leukocytes; Neoplasms; Immunity
Application of inverse gas chromatography to fluidity studies

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

We have developed a new method, Inverse Gas Chromatography (IGC), for evaluating coal fluidity at elevated temperatures. This technique is being used to follow changes in coal structure which affect the coal's fluidity. In IGC, which is used to study polymers, the retention of a probe molecule on the coal surface in a flowing gas system is followed as a function of temperature. The relative size of changes in the structure and the temperatures at which these changes occur can be measured very accurately and reproducibility with this technique. The results compare favorably with more traditional methods of measuring coal fluidity while, in addition, providing data which can be used to understand the underlying chemical and physical changes in structure with weathering.
Big Data for Health Data Analytics and Decision Support

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This chapter demonstrates the application of CBR as part of ontologies and examines one vital advantage: enhanced care delivery in the healthcare sector. The content standards are as follows: mapping of key concepts of big data in health sciences, understanding various data types, including EHRs, genomic data, wearable sensor data, and methods of acquisition; and data fusion with concerns. This chapter seeks to redress this shortcoming by exploring a CBR approach within ontologies with the intention of improving the use and integration of data through ontology support to arrive at improved clinical choices and decision-making regarding personalised medicine. The chapter will describe the use of big data and its options for further control, along with examples of Big Data in cancer research and chronic diseases. The last section will highlight the future trends and ethical implications of health data analytics and the evolved role of CBR in taking the health technological landscape forward.
The Reciprocal Relationship of Pain and Movement in African American Older Adults With Multi-Joint Osteoarthritis

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Pain with movement is a common issue for older adults with osteoarthritis; however, there has been insufficient attention within populations at increased risk for disabling pain, such as African American older adults. Accordingly, using a mixed methods approach, the purpose of the current study is to describe the nature of chronic joint pain and movement and its impact on physical function in African American older adults with symptomatic osteoarthritis. The authors accrued a sample of 110 African American older adults who completed cross-sectional surveys; from this sample, the authors interviewed 18 participants. Findings suggest that patterns of movement are uniquely influenced by pain. Specifically, three dynamic themes emerged: The Impact of Pain on Movement; The Importance and Impact of Movement on Pain; and The Adaptation of Personal Behaviors to Minimize Pain With Movement. Function-focused nursing care rests on addressing challenges and opportunities that African American older adults face in maintaining healthy movement when managing osteoarthritis pain. [ Research in Gerontological Nursing, 13 (4), 180–190.]
A Differentially Private Distributed Solution Approach to the Model Predictive Control of Building Clusters

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Coordinated control of a cluster of buildings can lead to reduced energy usage and demand charge. However, it requires individual buildings to share local data, e.g., their energy demands. The leak of such data could potentially be used by third parties to infer sensitive information such as occupancy that could be used to the detriment of building occupants. In this paper, using the notion of differential privacy, a distributed algorithm based on the Alternating Direction Method of Multiplier (ADMM) algorithm is proposed for the coordinated control of building clusters that can provide guaranteed levels of privacy for individual buildings by adding noises to the data being exchanged. Theoretical bounds on the strength of noises needed to achieve given privacy levels are derived, and the performance suboptimality caused by the added noise is demonstrated through simulations.
Kinetic and thermodynamic study of the adsorption of calcium onto sugar beet pulp

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Sugar beet pulp (SBP) was used as low value adsorbent for the removal of calcium from hard water. Batch experiments were conducted to determine the factors affecting adsorption of the process such as pH value and Ca concentration. The adsorption equilibrium of Ca2+ by the SBP is reached after 100min and a pseudo second-order kinetic model can describe the adsorption process. The initial concentrations of Ca varied from 927 to 1127mgCa2+/L. A dose of 30g/L sugar beet pulp was sufficient for the optimum removal of calcium. The overall uptake of Ca ions by sugar beet pulp has its maximum at pH=8. The adsorption equilibrium data fitted well with the Langmuir adsorption isotherm equation.
Determination of stability of cosmetic formulations incorporated with water-soluble elastin isolated from poultry

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Elastin is a flexible fibre that promotes the skin’s elasticity and flexibility. It has mainly been used in cosmetic products as a conditioning agent in many premium skincare products available globally. The present study was aimed to assess the stability of moisturiser cream containing elastin powder extracted from poultry skin as a functionally active ingredient. The elastin powder was isolated by incorporating a non-enzymatic approach and then analysed for its purity and quality by using amino acid profiling. The high content of glycine, proline, and alanine indicates a high purity of elastin was successfully extracted. Besides, the extracted elastin was also having high solubility (>80%). Subsequently, a model moisturiser system containing poultry-based water-soluble elastin powder was developed and underwent series of microbiological testing and physicochemical observation at different intervals for a maximum of 12 weeks at room temperature (RT), 40 °C, and 50 °C. The stability study on the developed moisturisers showed that the creams are physically and chemically stable throughout the 12 weeks of storage with no dramatic changes in terms of its pH, viscosity, and colour at all temperatures. In conclusion, the newly formulated moisturiser cream exhibits many promising properties and attributes that could unlock new opportunities to develop an effective, healthy, cost-competitive, high-quality product for cosmetics and pharmaceuticals use.
Feasibility study of transmission of information by presenting dynamic cutaneous sensation patterns elicited by surface electrical stimulation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

本論文では，文字や図形のように直感的に理解できるようなパターンを皮膚電気刺激による移動感覚で提示して情報を伝達する方式の実現可能性について検討を行った．最初に，パターン提示用電極を実験的検討に基づいて製作し，次に，基本的な16種類の提示パターンの認識実験を健常被験者で実施した．この結果から，パターン認識における間違いの一因として電気刺激感覚の残存の影響に着目し，移動感覚提示における提示パターン間の時間間隔を，実験的検討を実施して修正した．そして，これらの結果を基に修正した14種類の提示パターンを用いて認識実験を行った結果，6人中4人の健常被験者で70.7～90%の認識率が得られ，4種類の提示パターンだけであった過去の研究結果に対し，より多い提示パターン数に対して同等以上の良い認識率が得られることを示した．また，過去の実験と同様に斜め方向の移動を含まなければ，平均で90%程度の高い認識精度を期待できることも示した．これらの結果から，移動感覚による複数のパターンの識別が十分可能になると期待され，それを用いた情報提示が実現可能であると考えられる．
Abstract P699: Trends in Ischemic Stroke Risk Factors and Outcomes in a Rural Population in the United States

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: The stroke mortality rate has gradually declined due to improved interventions and controlled risk factors. We investigated the trends in stroke risk factors and outcomes among a rural population in the United States between 2004 and 2018. Methods: We built a comprehensive stroke database called “Geisinger NeuroScience Ischemic Stroke (GNSIS)” for this study. Clinical data were extracted from multiple sources, including electronic health records and quality data. Results: Our cohort comprised of 8,561 consecutive ischemic stroke patients (mean age: 70.1±13.9 years, men: 51.6%, 95.1% Caucasian). Hypertension was the most prevalent risk factor (75.2%). The rate of hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and history of stroke increased significantly over the fifteen years window. The one-year recurrence and mortality rates were 6.3% and 15.8%, respectively. Although the one-year stroke recurrence increased from 2004 to 2018 (Cochran-Armitage test Z = -3.66, p<0.001), the one-year stroke mortality rate decreased significantly (Cochran-Armitage test Z = 2.39, p=0.008). Age >65 years, atrial fibrillation or flutter, heart failure, and prior ischemic stroke were independently associated with one-year all-cause mortality in stratified Cox proportional hazards model. In the Fine-Gray competing risk model, diabetes mellitus and age <65 years was found to be associated with one-year ischemic stroke recurrence. In the logistic regression, chronic kidney disease (CKD), diabetes, and prior ischemic stroke were predictors of one-year recurrence while age >65 years, atrial fibrillation or flutter, CKD, heart failure, prior hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke, history of neoplasm, myocardial infarction, and rheumatic diseases were predictors of one-year mortality. Conclusion: Although stroke mortality has decreased, stroke recurrence and several vascular risk factors have significantly increased in our rural population between 2004-2018. Older age, atrial fibrillation or flutter, heart failure, and prior ischemic stroke were independently associated with one-year all-cause mortality while diabetes mellitus and age less than 65 years were predictors of ischemic stroke recurrence.
Carbon acquisition by Cyanobacteria: Mechanisms, Comparative Genomics and Evolution

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

In this chapter we mainly focus on the mechanisms of inorganic carbon uptake, photorespiration, and the regulation between the metabolic fluxes involved in photoautotrophic, photomixotrophic and heterotrophic growth. We identify the genes involved, their regulation and phylogeny. Living in an environment where the CO₂ concentration is considerably lower than required to saturate their carboxylating enzyme, ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco), cyanobacteria acquired the CO₂ concentrating mechanism (CCM) that enables them to accumulate CO₂ at the carboxylation site. All the cyanobacteria examined to date are able to fix CO₂ into carbohydrates. However, in addition to variance in the range of physical growth conditions, cyanobacteria also vary substantially in their ability to consume organic carbon from their surroundings. Many strains are obligate photoautotrophs where the sole carbon source is CO₂, while others are able to perform photomixotrophic or even heterotrophic growth using a wide variety of organic substances (c.f. Rippka et al., 1979; Stal and Moezelaar, 1997b). Cyanobacteria constitute a unique case where the anabolic and catabolic carbohydrate metabolisms function in the same cellular compartment. In addition, the photosynthetic and respiratory electron transport pathways share components in the thylakoid membranes. Despite its importance to our understanding of cyanobacterial metabolism, little is known aboutmore » the mechanisms involved in the shifts between photoautotrophic, heterotrophic and photomixotrophic modes of growth, and their regulation; between the different pathways of carbohydrate breakdown- glycolysis, fermentation, the oxidative pentose phosphate, the Krebs cycle and the photorespiratory pathways. In this chapter we shall briefly focus on recent advances in our understanding of the CCM and carbon metabolism in cyanobacteria.« less
Foraging environment determines the genetic architecture and evolutionary potential of trophic morphology in cichlid fishes

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Phenotypic plasticity allows organisms to change their phenotype in response to shifts in the environment. While a central topic in current discussions of evolutionary potential, a comprehensive understanding of the genetic underpinnings of plasticity is lacking in systems undergoing adaptive diversification. Here, we investigate the genetic basis of phenotypic plasticity in a textbook adaptive radiation, Lake Malawi cichlid fishes. Specifically, we crossed two divergent species to generate an F 3 hybrid mapping population. At early juvenile stages, hybrid families were split and reared in alternate foraging environments that mimicked benthic/scraping or limnetic/sucking modes of feeding. These alternate treatments produced a variation in morphology that was broadly similar to the major axis of divergence among Malawi cichlids, providing support for the flexible stem theory of adaptive radiation. Next, we found that the genetic architecture of several morphological traits was highly sensitive to the environment. In particular, of 22 significant quantitative trait loci ( QTL ), only one was shared between the environments. In addition, we identified QTL acting across environments with alternate alleles being differentially sensitive to the environment. Thus, our data suggest that while plasticity is largely determined by loci specific to a given environment, it may also be influenced by loci operating across environments. Finally, our mapping data provide evidence for the evolution of plasticity via genetic assimilation at an important regulatory locus, ptch1 . In all, our data address long‐standing discussions about the genetic basis and evolution of plasticity. They also underscore the importance of the environment in affecting developmental outcomes, genetic architectures, morphological diversity and evolutionary potential.
Can the vicious cycle of obscure or intractable gastrointestinal bleeding be broken in patients with atrial fibrillation subject to anticoagulant therapy? The role of percutaneous left atrial appendage closure

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Gastrointestinal bleeding of obscure origin or with an intractable cause is particularly common in patients with atrial fibrillation subject to oral anticoagulant therapy. This condition is highly recurrent and therefore gives rise to high morbidity and mortality rates, thus entailing a vicious cycle that is difficult to solve.Percutaneous left atrial appendage closure has become a therapeutic alternative for patients with atrial fibrillation and a contraindication for oral anticoagulation. This technique would allow the discontinuation of oral anticoagulants, thus helping to reduce the risk for gastrointestinal bleeding, and would also be protective against embolic events in this group of patients, thereby eventually breaking this vicious cycle.We report our experience with percutaneous left atrial appendage closure in the management of patients with atrial fibrillation who are subject to oral anticoagulation therapy and suffer from obscure or intractable gastrointestinal bleeding.