jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) And Extended-Spectrum B-Lactamases (ESBLs) Producing Enterobacteriaceae Among Nosocomial Bacteria in Kaduna, Nigeria

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Despite continuous control efforts, antimicrobial resistance remains a global public health problem that undermines the treatment of infectious diseases. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Extended-spectrum -lactamases (ESBLs) producing bacteria represent two important groups of multi-drug resistant pathogens that are associated with a high rate of treatment failure, prolonged morbidity, and increased cost of treatment. Therefore, keeping such superbugs under surveillance, particularly in healthcare facilities, is required for informed action, designing of control interventions for further antimicrobial emergence, and determining strategies for infection control. Thus, this study was designed to determine the prevalence of MRSA and ESBLs production Enterobacteriaceae isolated from four hospitals. Using CLSI guidelines, a total of 96 S. aureus were screened for methicillin resistance, and 137 isolates of Enterobacteriaceae for ESBLs production. The study observed a prevalence rate of 35.42 % for MRSA and 26.3 % for ESBLs production among Enterobacteriaceae. Furthermore, species-wise analysis of the data indicated the individual prevalence rate of ESBLs production among E. coli, K. pneumoniae, and P. aeruginosa to be 25.6 %, 28.8 % and 23.0, respectively. This indicates the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance strains among bacteria isolated from hospital settings. The results obtained here could be important in informing public health policies/strategies for the control of antimicrobial resistance and infection.
Application of the Metaphor Architecture Theme in the Design of the Institute of Marine Sciences and Fisheries in Sibolga City

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The Sibolga Institute of Marine and Fisheries Science design is a college plan that organizes academic and vocational education in groups of science, technology, and arts disciplines focused on the marine and fisheries sector in Sibolga City. This design is reviewed based on the great potential of fisheries and marine in the Sibolga area. However, it has not been appropriately managed and optimally so far. In addition, the Sibolga Institute of Marine and Fisheries Science design is expected to answer the problem of limited educational facilities, especially in the scope of marine and fisheries science in Sibolga City. The study employs a descriptive qualitative method. Site survey and literature studies on metaphoric architecture principles serve as the primary data collection technique in the study. The application of a design with a symbolic architectural theme is expected to represent the function of the building. Therefore, observers and building users will have their ideas and impressions of the activities that occur in the building through the shape of the mass and the facade of the building. This study can benefit future studies that attempt to apply metaphoric architecture in their design.
Middle Managers’ Role in Implementing Innovative Practices in VA: Lessons Learned from the Field

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Background: Middle managers play key roles in hospitals as the bridge between senior executives and frontline staff. Yet relatively little research has focused on their role in implementing new practices. Purpose: This study expands the understanding of middle managers’ influence in organizations by looking at their activities through the lens of two complementary conceptual frameworks. Methodology/Approach: We analyzed qualitative data from 17 VAMCs with high and low potential to change organizational practices. We analyzed 98 interviews with staff ranging from senior executives to frontline workers to identify emergent themes reflecting middle-manager activities. Themes were then mapped against an priori framework. Findings: Analyses yielded 14 emergent themes that allowed us to classify expressions of middle manager commitment to implementation of innovative practices (e.g., facilitate improvement innovation, garner staff buy-in). In comparing middle manager behaviors in high- and low-change potential sites, we found that most of the emergent themes were present in both groups. However, the activities and interactions described differed between the groups. Practice Implications: Middle managers can use these promising strategies to guide and improve their effectiveness in implementing new practices. These strategies can also inform senior leaders striving to guide middle managers in those efforts.
Medical Informatics Training at Yale University School of Medicine

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract The Yale Center for Medical Informatics has offered Medical Informatics training since 1986. The paper describes the overall structure of the training program, focusing primarily on the postdoctoral fellowship, a major component of which involves an independent project which the fellow carries out under faculty supervision. The paper outlines a number of areas in which such projects have been performed, describes the previous backgrounds and post-training career directions of the trainees, and discusses certain observations based on our experience with the program.
The Biological Weapons Convention and the Democratization of Mass Violence

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The global governance regime to address the vast dangers of intentionally inflicted disease is ineffectively adaptive to meet emerging challenges. Scientific advances pertaining to manipulation of disease offer profound benefits but also open ominous new capacities for violence. Weaponized disease can transform a few malevolent actors wholly lacking in power from purveyors of localized death into architects of existential crises endangering international security. The historically inexorable relationship between political-economic power and technology for mass violence is shifting – a paradigm shift called the democratization of mass violence. The 7th Review Conference of the Biological Weapons Convention in December could set markers for how the world should address this paradigm shift. Three sets of global policies could reduce dangers of intentionally inflicted disease and promote bioscience’s advance while elevating global attention to public health: (1) worldwide implementation of harmonized measures to secure and account for especially dangerous pathogens and to enable interruption of intentional biothreats; (2) strengthened national reporting obligations and international investigations of suspicious behavior in order to build mutual confidence about national biodefense programs; and (3) implementation of harmonized measures to improve disease surveillance, strengthen resilience to bio-attacks and stanch an attack’s transnational spread.
Missing (in) Action: Where Are the Australian Data Breach Class Actions?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Data breach class actions have been a feature of the privacy landscape in the US and UK since as early as 2002. While Australia has experienced a surge in regulatory actions brought in respect of data breaches, we have yet to see an uptick in consumer actions in Australia. An action was brought in 2018, however it settled prior to receiving judicial consideration. This article provides some examples of the difficulties of bringing such actions in Australia, both at a substantive and procedural law level. We also highlight some proposed upcoming legislative changes which may have an impact in this space, including the proposed introduction of a tort of privacy and direct right of action in respect of interferences with privacy under the Privacy Act 1988 (Cth) (Privacy Act). Privacy, Data, Breach, Cybersecurity, Australia, Litigation, Court, Class Action, Reform
Variation in the Mode of Origin and Level of Formation of Sural Nerve

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Variations of nerve are not only of anatomic and embryological interest but also of clinical importance. Their adequate knowledge will help in increasing surgical precision and decreasing morbidity. In present study variations in mode of origin and level of formation of sural nerve was studied. The material for the present study comprised of 60 lower extremities belonging to 30 adult human cadavers obtained from Deptt. of Anatomy, GMC, Amritsar. The sural nerve was identified and its mode of origin and level of formation was studied. In present study, sural nerve was formed by union of medial sural nerve (from tibial nerve or from nerve to medial head of gastrocnemius) and lateral sural nerve (from common peroneal nerve) in 83.33% limbs. It was formed by medial sural nerve alone in 15% limbs. In 1.67% medial and lateral sural nerve were separate. The site of formation was in middle 1/3rd of leg in 20% limbs and distal 1/3rd of leg in 80% limbs.
Easthope, A., <italic>Poetry and Phantasy</italic>

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Easthope, A., Poetry and Phantasy Get access A. Easthope, Poetry and Phantasy. Pp. vii + 227. Cambridge, New York, New Rochelle, Melbourne, Sydney: Cambridge University Press, 1989. £27.50. R. J. Dingley R. J. Dingley University of New EnglandNew South Wales Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume 38, Issue 4, December 1991, Pages 560–561, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/38.4.560 Published: 01 December 1991
Activity of Insectivorous Bats is Related to Water Availability in a Highly Modified Mexican Temperate Forest

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Artificial ponds are important foraging and drinking resources for bats at La Michilía, a temperate forest with a marked seasonal drought. Using acoustic data we tested the hypothesis that water availability restricts bat activity in the dry season to ponds, whereas in the rainy season resources are widely available and therefore used throughout the area. We compared bat activity at six ponds with that of a 500-meter transect perpendicular to each pond. We predicted that activity would be higher at ponds in the dry season, whereas in the rainy season activity should be equal or higher at transects. Also, all species guilds would use ponds in the dry season, whereas gleaners, edge aerial and open aerial foragers would be more frequent at transects in the rainy season. In no instance activity was higher at transects than at ponds during the rainy season. Open areas showed little or no bat activity in the dry season, but were very active in the rainy season. One transect located in dense forest and one near human dwellings were active both seasons. Open aerial foragers were present mostly on ponds in the dry season, and on ponds and transects in the rainy season; edge aerial bats were common in ponds in the dry season, but rare in transects in the rainy season. Trawling bats used ponds and transects in both seasons; and gleaners were rare over ponds and transects in both seasons. Because bats use the local habitat differently depending on season and feeding guild, and climate and seasonality vary greatly in Mexican temperate forests, conservation strategies can not be generalized, but should be implemented on a case-by-case basis.
Efflorescence Formation Mechanism and Control for Geopolymer Paste Specimens Made from Natural Pozzolan and Calcium Hydroxide Binders

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The use of alkali activated geopolymer binders in the recent years has received much attention because of their outstanding mechanical properties, reduction of CO2 emissions and low energy for production. While number of researches are being done to develop geopolymer binders, their application is still limited. Efflorescence phenomena is one of the limitations of the extensive use of geopolymers. The efflorescence not only affect the materials aesthetics, but it also affects its mechanical performance. The present study outlines the general features of efflorescence, including its formation mechanism, chemical and mineralogical composition. Natural pozzolan from Songwe – Mbeya, Tanzania, calcium hydroxide, sodium silicate and sodium hydroxide were used as raw materials for geopolymerization process. It has been observed that efflorescence is formed on alkali activated paste specimens which were partially soaked in water. The formation of efflorescence products is formed due to unbalanced concentration of alkaline solution within the specimen. The produced efflorescence powders were tested for chemical and mineralogical compositions. The chemical composition test results indicated the significant percent increase of Na2O for efflorescence powder. This may be due to migration of Na+ from the interior of specimen to the surface during efflorescence formation. The efflorescence powder which was tested for mineralogical composition, indicated the present of some amount of calcite, mica, sodium carbonate hydrate and quartz. One of the control process of efflorescence formation on alkali activated geopolymer specimens is by maintaining equilibrium of alkali concentration within the specimens during curing process.
Decompressive Craniectomy in Diffuse Traumatic Brain Injury

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The Decompressive Craniectomy in Diffuse Traumatic Brain Injury or DECRA trial was the first neurosurgical randomized controlled trail that sought to answer whether decompressive craniectomies (DC) improved patient outcomes after severe diffuse traumatic brain injury (TBI). The trial was conducted over a decade in centers across New Zealand, Saudi Arabia, and Australia, and the results were published in 2011; 155 patients were randomized to two cohorts, the medical management cohort and the medical management plus DC cohort. The primary endpoint was the functional outcomes, measured at 6 months post discharge. The results of the trial were somewhat unanticipated. In spite of achieving superior ICP control and intensive care outcomes, the DC cohort had worse long-term outcomes. The DECRA trial raised several questions and criticisms that currently preclude us from drawing broad conclusions about the efficacy of DC in diffuse TBI.
The implications of heterogeneous resource intensities on technical change and growth

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

We analyze an economy in which sectors are heterogeneous with respect to the intensity of natural resource use. Long-term dynamics are driven by resource prices, sectoral composition, and directed technical change. We study the balanced growth path and determine stability conditions. Technical change is found to be biased to-wards the resource-intensive sector. Resource taxes have no impact on dynamics ex-cept when the tax rate varies over time. Constant research subsidies raise the growth rate while increasing subsidies have the opposite effect. We also find that supporting sectors by providing them with productivity enhancing public goods can raise the growth rate of the economy and additionally provide an effective tool for structural policy.
AKAR DAN BUAH TEGALSARI: DINAMIKA SANTRI DAN KETURUNAN KIAI PESANTREN TEGALSARI PONOROGO

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Pesantren Tegalsari Ponorogo that was born in the early 18th century is considered to have an important role in the history of Islam in Nusantara. This Pesantren is even believed as the first boarding institution and was born in 1742. This article examines historically the forerunner and the early development of Pesantren Tegalsari. Then, the role of students and descendants of kiai. By using the method of historical research and data mining to written documents, interviews, and observations, it is concluded that Pesantren Tegalsari has a close relationship with the elite in the past such as the Wali Songo and the King of Majapahit. In addition, through the students and descendants of kiai, these schools also have a major role in society, both in the propagation of Islam as well as in politics.
Speaking and Perceiving Security: A Case Study of the Trump Administration’s Securitization of Illegal Immigration Fueling Populism in the US

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

During his presidential campaign and throughout his presidency Donald Trump’s dealings with illegal immigration have sparked global controversy. The election of Donald Trump has thus insinuated a debate within the academic field of International Relations and a reoccurring concept within said debate is populism. This thesis includes itself into said debate through considering the empirical case study of the Trump administration’s securitization of illegal immigration. More specifically, it investigates how Trump’s securitizing speech acts fuel populism in the US which challenges discourses of open borders and subsequently affects US-Mexico relations. The thesis analyzes polls to captivate the US’ general population as an audience and applies discourse analysis on speeches held by Donald Trump to grasp how the Trump administration’s securitization of illegal immigration fueled populism in the US. It studies the negative effects of the securitization on US-Mexico relations by examining the reactions of Mexican presidents, members of the Mexican Foreign Relations Department and members of the Mexican senate. It is found that Trump’s rhetoric employed throughout the securitization of illegal immigration fueled authoritarian populism and xenophobic populism in the US which captivates the negative sentiments of the predominantly conservative Republican voters towards illegal immigration. The employed rhetoric subsequently challenged discourses of open borders. The effects of said challenges had negative implications on US-Mexico relations as the investigations of the reactions of the Mexican presidents, the members of the Mexican Foreign Relations Department and the members of the Mexican senate have shown.
Synopsis of the tribe Amarotypini in New Zealand (Coleoptera: Carabidae)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The tribe Amarotypini (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Migadopinae) is revised for New Zealand. Three genera and fourteen species are recognized. Two genera and thirteen species are described as new: Amarophilus Larochelle and Larivière new genus, Amarophilus lomondensis Larochelle and Larivière new species, Amarophilus otagoensis Larochelle and Larivière new species, Amarophilus rotundicollis Larochelle and Larivière new species, Amarophilus wanakensis Larochelle and Larivière new species, Amarotypus fiordlandensis Larochelle and Larivière new species, Amarotypus glasgowensis Larochelle and Larivière new species, Amarotypus murchisonorum Larochelle and Larivière new species, Amarotypus simoninensis Larochelle and Larivière new species, Amarotypus takaheensis Larochelle and Larivière new species, Amaroxenus Larochelle and Larivière new genus, Amaroxenus arnaudensis Larochelle and Larivière new species, Amaroxenus glacialis Larochelle and Larivière new species, Amaroxenus huttensis Larochelle and Larivière new species, Amaroxenus kahurangiensis Larochelle and Larivière new species. A revision of all taxa is provided. Descriptions, identification keys, illustrations of male genitalia, habi­tus photos, distributional data and maps are given. Information on ecology, biology, dispersal power, and collecting techniques is included for each species.
Dural ossification associated with ossification of ligamentum flavum in the thoracic spine: a retrospective analysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives To investigate the incidence, distribution and radiological characteristics of dural ossification (DO) associated with ossification of ligamentum flavum (OLF) in the thoracic spine. Design A retrospective radiographical analysis. Setting This study was conducted at a single institution in China. Participants 53 patients with OLF who underwent posterior decompression surgery between January 2011 and July 2015 in a single institution were enrolled in this study. The decompression segments were grouped according to imaging evaluation and intraoperative evidences. Outcome measures The demographic distribution, radiological data and detailed surgical records were collected. First, preoperative CT images of decompressed segments were evaluated to identify imaging signs of DO. The ‘tram tack sign’ (TTS), ‘comma sign’ and ‘bridge sign’ were considered as characteristic imaging findings of DO in OLF. 4 kinds of confusing signs (false TTS) were identified and excluded. Then detailed surgical records were reviewed to finally identify segments with DO. Results The incidence of DO in patients with OLF was 43.4%. The incidence of DO in OLF segments was 21.5%. OLF was more common in the lower thoracic spine, and more than half (53.8%) of the DO was located in T9-T12. TTS was the most common sign, but it might be misdiagnosed. After excluding 4 kinds of false TTS, the sensitivity and specificity of imaging diagnosis were 94.23% and 94.21%, respectively. Conclusions DO was relatively common in thoracic OLF, especially in T9-T12. TTS might be misdiagnosed. After excluding 4 kinds of false TTS, the accuracy of imaging diagnosis was relatively high.
Methotrexate alone or with regional subcutaneous corynebacterium parvum in the treatment of recurrent and metastatic squamous cancer of the head and neck

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Patients with advanced, incurable squamous cancer of the head and neck were randomly assigned to treatment with weekly methotrexate alone or methotrexate with Corynebacterium parvum given subcutaneously in weekly bilateral doses in sites around the neck. The addition of C. parvum did not alter the response rate, response duration, survival (either median or long-term) or severity of toxic effects compared to treatment with methotrexate alone. Response rates were higher for patients without distant metastases, ambulatory patients, and those younger than age 65 years. Median survival was improved for responders to chemotherapy and for those initially ambulatory. C. parvum given subcutaneously has no place in the treatment of far advanced cancer of the head and neck.
A Guide to Understanding Recent Classifications of the Family Polemoniaceae

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Two very different systems of classification of the family Polemoniaceae—one a taxonomic system and the other a molecular cladistic system—have appeared recently. They are compared and reviewed. It is emphasized that taxonomy and cladistics use different basic systematic units (taxa or clades) and have different concepts of monophyly. Furthermore, taxonomy and molecular cladistics differ in the characters used in classification. Conflicts between molecular and reliable morphological characters occur in several parts of the family. The differences in methodology account for most of the incongruences between the two classifications of the family. In general, the methodological differences can be expected to yield incongruences between taxonomic and cladistic systems in any heterogeneous group of medium or large size. New suggestions are made about the early phylogenetic divergences in the Polemoniaceae. The tribes are reviewed from a taxonomic standpoint and a few changes are made.