jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Using Artificial Intelligence Ethically and Responsibly

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Within the 21st century technology explosion, higher education is facing its greatest challenge to managing students' ethical conduct in completing course assignments. This challenge, known as artificial intelligence (AI), is also one of higher education's greatest assets. This chapter will introduce AI, explain its tools and resources, and its positive contribution to education. It will also identify how students are using chatbot resources unethically, which has become a topic of concern for faculty, with the increased usage and inability to detect plagiarism. The chapter will also explain how faculty education in AI can promote the positive aspects of AI innovation and at the same time help to mitigate student ethical issues. The chapter will showcase an actual course redesign using AI best practices. Finally, the chapter will identify future research needed to explore how AI innovations partnered with course design can increase student learning while ensuring attention to ethical standards.
Earpits Syndrome in Children with Hearing Loss

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Polymorphisms of constitutive hetrochomatin, in particular fluorescence polymorphisms after QFQstaining, show variations in size and staining character with unequal intra-and interchromosomal distribution in the chromosomes 1, 3, 4, 9, 13, 14, 15, 16, 21, 22 and Y, revealing significant patterns.In some cases, significant differences are found in size as well as in fluorescence, according to the type of cell culture analysed (amniocytes or lymphocytes).Within the individual sizes, the findings for flurescence are almost equivalent in both groups.Complete pericentric inversions show a maximum in chromosomes 4. The majority of polymorphisms in the acrocentrics 13 and 22 for p11.2 and in 15 and 22 for p13.Fields of application show analyses of polymorphisms of constitutive heterochromatin in twins and triplets demonstrating discrepancies in dizygotics and trizygotics but identical polymorphisms in monozygotic twins.Case presentations deal with proof or exclusion of percentage on the basis of comparison of polymorphisms of the constitutive heterochromatin.
Short-Term Discounting Frameworks: Insights from Multiple Experiments

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Ever since the online retailing format has emerged in India, consumers now have wider options
available for them to buy a product at a discounted price and notably, as online stores in India
are following the product discounting as one of the key drivers for consumer acquisition,
consumers’ perspective towards discount at brick-and-mortar store has changed. This change
in consumers’ perspective has put the majority of brick-and-mortar retailers in India into a
quandary and they are losing out their market share slowly to online retailers. In this research
which is based on recommendations of empirical research previously carried out on the impact
of changes in retailer and consumer perspective towards discount post emergence of online
stores in India, we have carried out multiple experiments on multiple short-term discounting
frameworks to investigate and recommend brick-and-mortar retailers on ideal (a) frameworks,
(b) duration, (c) types, (d) assortment coverage, and (e) advertising techniques for short-term
discounting strategies to enable brick-and-mortar retailers to design appropriate sales
promotions to gain a competitive advantage over online retailing on the discount component
Five-loop renormalization-group expansions for two-dimensional Euclidean λφ 4 theory

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The renormalization-group functions of the two-dimensional n-vector λφ 4 model are calculated in the five-loop approximation. Perturbative series for the β-function and critical exponents are resummed by the Pade-Borel-Leroy techniques. An account for the five-loop term shifts the Wilson fixed point location only briefly, leaving it outside the segment formed by the results of the lattice calculations. This is argued to reflect the influence of the non-analytical contribution to the β-function. The evaluation of the critical exponents for n = 1, n = 0 and n = −1 in the five-loop approximation and comparison of the results with known exact values confirm the conclusion that non-analytical contributions are visible in two dimensions. For the 2D Ising model, the estimate ω = 1.31(3) for the correction-to-scaling exponent is found that is close to the values resulting from the hightemperature expansions. The field-theoretical renormalization-group (RG) approach proved to be a powerful tool for calculating the critical exponents and other universal quantities of the basic three-dimensional (3D) models of phase transitions. Today, many-loop RG expansions for β-functions (six-loop), critical exponents (seven-loop), higher-order couplings (four-loop), etc. of the 3D O(n)symmetric and cubic models are known resulting in the high-precision numerical estimates for experimentally accessible quantities [1-7]. The main aim of this report is to elaborate further the field-theoretical RG technique, namely, 1 to clear up how effective is this machinery in two dimensions where i) the RG series are stronger divergent and ii) singular (non-analytic) contributions to RG functions are expected to be larger than for 3D systems. The Hamiltonian of the model describing the critical behaviour of various two-dimensional systems reads:
Towards positive diagnosis of the irritable bowel.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A questionnaire to establish the presence of 15 symptoms thought to be typical of the irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) was given to 109 unselected patients referred to gastroenterology or surgery clinics with abdominal pain or a change in bowel habit or both. Review of case records 17--26 months later established a definite diagnosis of IBS in 32 patients and of organic disease in 33. Four symptoms were significantly more common among patients with IBS--namely, distension, relief of pain with bowel movement, and looser and more frequent bowel movements with the onset of pain. Mucus and a sensation of incomplete evacuation were also common in these patients. The more of these symptoms that were present the more likely was it that the patient's pain or altered bowel habit, or both, was due to IBS. We conclude that a careful history can increase diagnostic confidence and reduce the amount of investigation in many patients with chronic abdominal pain.
Investigating the Effect of Environmental Uncertainty on the Relationship between Herd Behavior and Negative Price Shock in TSE

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of peripheral uncertainty on the relationship between the herd behavior of investors and the price of negative stock shock. Because the capital market is one of the main pillars of the country's economic growth and development, the incidence of any disturbance and deviation in prices causes problems with allocating and equipping funds. Reducing stock prices is an example of the disorders created in the capital market. On the other hand, one of the factors that lead to the fluctuations of return and instability of financial markets is the herd behavior of investors. If investors lack sufficient information about environmental factors, environmental uncertainty occurs. Such a situation also affects the organization. Environmental uncertainty overshadowed the use of financial statements. Changes in stock prices and corporate status are cases that can not speak in full confidence in their occurrence. As a result, environmental uncertainty is part of the economic environment. To test the research hypotheses, 156 companies from the Tehran Stock Exchange during the years 2010 to 2020 were selected by screening method. To test the hypotheses, multivariate regression models were performed using STATA14 software. The results indicate that herd behavior has a significant effect on price shock and environmental uncertainty has no effect on the relationship between the two.
Idea paper: Trophic transmission as a potential mechanism underlying the distribution of parasite diversity in food webs

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Parasites are ubiquitous and constitute a substantial amount of natural biomass. Host species differ greatly in how many parasite species they harbor. In this idea paper, we ask what may cause the distribution of parasite diversity in an ecosystem. Since host species interact trophically in a food web and parasites are often transmitted along trophic links, we argue that trophic transmission can be a potential mechanism for explaining parasite diversity distribution. We propose a modeling framework for investigating this issue. The feasibility of our idea is demonstrated by fitting a simulation model to data derived from the Carpinteria ecosystem. Our preliminary analysis suggests that a model with trophic transmission is able to produce parasite diversity distribution similar to the empirical data better than a model without trophic transmission can. We also discuss possible extensions of our preliminary work for future research.
A Case of Cæsarean Section

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

SARAH -, aet. 23, engaged at waistcoat-making in Bethnal Green, was born a feeble child, and during childhood was weak and rickety.The mother states that she was 7 years old before she could put her feet to the ground, and 13 years of age before she could walk securely.At 16 she first began to menstruate, and has continued to do so with tolerable regularity ever since, and her general health has been fairly good.She is now four feet eight inches in height, walks lame, and her legs are curved, so that she retains a de- formed and dwarfish appearance.Her face and features are small, and her countenance is that of a girl of 14 or 15 years of age, and her circulation habitually rapid.She applied to me for advice in the middle of September, 1850, complaining of amenorrhoea, of seven months' standing, the result, as she declared, of cold, for which she had in- effectually taken various medicines.At this time the abdomen was prominently large, and by auscultation the beats of the foetal heart and uterine murmur were readily detected.She denied, at this time, the possibility of preg- nancy, but subsequently she admitted that she had had sexual intercourse on two occasions, but she was in so much alarm at the time that she thought it impossible that she could have become pregnant.The lower lumbar vertebrae and the sacrum were observed to be deeply curved, and the
PicsAR: A Physics Visualisation to Enhance Students’ Thinking Skills in Abstract Concepts

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract The aim of the research was to visualise abstract physics concepts through a PicsAR (Physics Augmented Reality) application to enhance students’ thinking skills in abstract concepts. Previously, the researchers developed the PicsAR by utilising Research and Development (R & D) design with an ADDIE model (Analysis, Design, Develop, Implementation, and Evaluation) and reported through previous publication. It has claimed that the PicsAR has fulfilled the criteria of valid, practice, and effective. The atomic model was exemplified as an abstract concept in physics as an outcome of visualisation. Totally, 33 high school students with their teacher in Surabaya Indonesia contributed to this study. To explore students’ thinking skills in abstract concepts, the descriptive statistics were used in guiding the data analysis. The visualisation of research trends in physics augmented reality was performed by VOSviewer software. Empirically, the finding of the research described the feature of PicsAR and the performance of the augmented reality of atomic models. Additionally, students’ abstract thinking skills of atomic models were also discussed, including four types of reasoning: proportional, probabilistic, combinatorial, and correlational reasoning. Overall, the students achieved excellent of all proportional reasoning indicators, two-thirds of probabilistic and correlational reasoning indicators, and seventy-five percent of combinatorial reasoning indicators.
A Validation Study of the German Versions of the Feeling Scale and the Felt Arousal Scale for a Passive Relaxation Technique (Autogenic Training)

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

To measure the affective responses during high-intensity and moderate-intensity exercises, the single-item questionnaires Feeling Scale (FS) and Felt Arousal Scale (FAS) are often used. The aim of the present study was to examine the validation of the German versions of the FS and the FAS by Maibach et al. (2020) for autogenic training (AT), which is an exercise addressing the lowest end of physical activation. Therefore, 224 participants (135 females and 89 males, mean age = 21.8 ± 2.2) took part in a 45-minute AT exercise. Before and after the exercise, they completed three questionnaires: The FS and the FAS by Maibach et al. (2020) and the Self-Assessment Manikin (SAM) by Bradley and Lang (1994). The subscale pleasure (SAM-P) and the subscale arousal (SAM-A) of the SAM were used for a self-other comparison to proof the construct validity for the FS and the FAS. For the convergent validity, the results show positive significant correlations between the FS and SAM-P (r = 0.62, p 2 = 0.38) and the FAS and SAM-A (r = 0.25, p 2 = 0.06). For the discriminant validity, the FS and SAM-A, as well as the FAS and SAM-P did not correlate significantly, whereas a negative significant correlation was found between the FS and the FAS (r = -0.20, p 2 = 0.04). The pattern of results confirms the validity of the German translations of the FS and the FAS for the passive relaxation technique AT.
Muscle mitochondrial stress-induced metabolic adaptations do not require FGF21 action

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a key metabolic regulator which was recently discovered as stress-induced myokine and common denominator of muscle mitochondrial disease. However, its precise function and pathophysiological relevance remains unknown. Here we demonstrate that white adipose tissue (WAT) is the major target of muscle mitochondrial stress-induced FGF21. Strikingly, substantial browning and metabolic remodeling of subcutaneous WAT, together with the reduction of circulating triglycerides and cholesterol are fully FGF21 dependent. Unexpectedly and in contrast to prior expectations, we found a negligible role of FGF21 in muscle stress-related improved glycemic control, obesity resistance and hepatic lipid homeostasis. Furthermore, we show that the protective muscle mitohormesis and metabolic stress adaptation does not require FGF21 action. Taken together, our data imply that although FGF21 drives WAT remodeling, this effect and FGF21 as stress hormone per se may not be essential for the adaptive response under muscle mitochondrial stress conditions.
Implementing the Red Data Book of European Butterflies: the identification of Prime Butterfly Areas

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The Red Data Book of European Butterflies provides a new up-to-date review to identify conservation priorities and a new Red List for the 576 butterfly species known to occur in Europe. The geographical scope is continent-wide, and covers all countries within the Council of Europe, including the Azores, Madeira, the Canary Islands, Russia east to the Ural mountains and the whole of Turkey. Data were collected through a network of over 50 expert national compilers and threat status was assessed using the new IUCN criteria, especially adapted for use at a Continental level and with data available for butterflies. The analysis showed that a total of 71 species are threatened in Europe (12% of total) either because of their extreme rarity or rapid decline. They comprise 19 threatened globally and 52 threatened at a European level. A further 43 species are classified as Lower Risk (near threatened). Criteria are developed to identify Species of European Conservation Concern and the threats and distribution of threatened species are described. For the most threatened species, immediate action is needed to avoid extinction and maintain existing populations. The main way to achieve this is to ensure the protection and good management of important habitats. The project Prime Butterfly Areas in Europe aims to identify those areas where conservation efforts should be focused as a matter of urgency.
Examining the Efficacy of No-Suicide Contracts in Inpatient Psychiatric Settings: Implications for Psychiatric Nursing

Field: Nursing (Health Sciences)

Verbal and written no-suicide contracts are commonly practiced by psychiatric nurses in inpatient psychiatric facilities. However, evidence is sparse regarding whether no-suicide contracts are effective tools for maintaining patient safety. The purpose of this paper is to examine the use of the verbal and written no-suicide contracts, discuss the resulting implications for psychiatric nurses on inpatient units, and suggest alternative clinical practices for inpatient psychiatric nurses to utilize to increase patient safety.
A thermo-mechanical correlation with driving forces for hcp martensite and twin formations in the Fe–Mn–C system exhibiting multicomposition sets

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The thermodynamic properties of the Fe-Mn-C system were investigated by using an analytical model constructed by a CALPHAD approach. The stacking fault energy (SFE) of the fcc structure with respect to the hcp phase was always constant at T0, independent of the composition and temperature when other related parameters were assumed to be constant. Experimental limits for the thermal hcp formation and the mechanical (deformation-induced) hcp formation were separated by the SFE at T0. The driving force for the fcc to hcp transition, defined as a dimensionless value -dGm/(RT), was determined in the presence of Fe-rich and Mn-rich composition sets in each phase. Carbon tended to partition to the Mn-rich phase rather than to the Fe-rich phase for the compositions studied. The results obtained revealed a thermo-mechanical correlation with empirical yield strength, maximum true stress and maximum true strain. The proportionality between thermodynamics and mechanical properties is discussed.
Icons and Iconography

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract An icon is an image used for the purposes of religious devotion, typically depicting Christian figures (e.g. Christ, the Virgin Mary, or one or more of the saints and martyrs), or scenes from Scripture and Christian lore. Iconography, the practice of icon making, is steeped in traditions that govern the styles and themes employed by the iconographers who make the images. Icons have been a constant, though disputed, element in Christian worship throughout the history of the church.
Effect of Protein-free Diet on the Amount of Rat Liver Mitochondrial DNA

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Journal Article Effect of Protein-free Diet on the Amount of Rat Liver Mitochondrial DNA Get access Eiji Miyazawa, Eiji Miyazawa Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113, Japan Present address: Seijô Junior College, 1-20 Seijô 6-chome, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 157, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Masao Kametaka Masao Kametaka Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113, Japan Present address: Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kyoritsu Women’s University, 2-1 Hitotsubashi 2-chome, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101, Japan. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Volume 44, Issue 8, 1 August 1980, Pages 1937–1939, https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1980.10864240 Published: 01 August 1980 Article history Received: 09 January 1980 Published: 01 August 1980
Radi pressurewire rupture and embolization to the right common carotid artery after crossing a bjork-shiley mechanical aortic valve.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Direct measurement of the left ventricular pressure in patients with mechanical prosthetic aortic valve is an important technical challenge. In the past, transseptal puncture or direct left ventricular accesses were the only available methods. The use of a pressure wire through mechanical aortic prosthesis has been described to be feasible and safe. We report the first case report of pressure guidewire entrapment through a single tilting disk valve (Bjork-Shiley), which resulted in hemodynamic collapse, rupture, and embolization of the pressure wire tip to the right common carotid artery and its successful snaring.
Influence of Spectators' Identification on Evaluation of the Past, Present, and Future Performance of a Sports Team

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This is a report of a study designed to test the prediction that persons high in identification with a sports team would be more biased in their evaluations of that team than persons low in identification. The hypothesis was supported for memory and predictions of team records as well as for direct measures of past, present, and future team evaluations. Discussion focussed on the motivational processes underlying the relationship.
A comparison of the impact of a Freshman Experience program provided for college -bound high school students versus a Freshman Experience program completed as college freshmen

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

With over two thirds of high school graduates going on to pursue postsecondary options after high school and over one fourth at 4-year institutions and nearly half at 2-year schools never reaching their sophomore year, it is evident that the transition from high school to college is a broken one for many students. There has been a nationwide call to redefine the senior year of high school and rethink the transition from secondary to postsecondary education. Aligned with this plea, Walters State Community College began an initiative, the Freshman Experience program, to ease some of the strains associated with the transition process and, in 1993, began offering this course to high school seniors. The program was expanded and offered to seniors at 23 high schools in a rural 10-county service delivery area in East Tennessee. The purpose of this study was to determine whether students who completed a freshman experience course while still in high school engaged in more actions that positively impact retention than did those who had not had such a course prior to college enrollment. The study included 1,391 students, 550 who completed the course at the high school level and 841 who completed the course during their 1st semester of college enrollment.\nChi-square analysis of the data was conducted to investigate 6 variables. The major findings were that high school freshman experience completers (a) made application for college earlier, (b) earned significantly more advanced studies credits, (c) had significantly fewer absences during their 1st semester of college, (d) had significantly fewer course withdrawals, (e) had significantly fewer course failures, and (f) had significantly higher cumulative GPAs at the end of the 1st semester than did the postsecondary program completers.\nBased on the findings of this study, the implementation of a freshman experience course or similar program serves to positively impact the transition of high school seniors to the postsecondary environment. These results confirm the need for high schools and postsecondary institutions to work together to provide students with a seamless transition in an effort to increase student retention and program completion.