jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Kinetic models of migration of melamine and formaldehyde from melamine kitchenware with data of liquid chromatography

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

European legislation has established a specific migration limit (SML) of 15 mg kg−1 for formaldehyde and 2.5 mg kg−1 for melamine. Formaldehyde resins are used in the manufacture of melamine kitchenware. Formaldehyde is listed in group 1 of the IARC list of carcinogenic compounds. To determine the quantity of formaldehyde and melamine as potential migrants from different types of melamine kitchenware (glass, mug, cutlery, big cup and bowl), a HPLC-DAD method has been implemented. This method is an alternative to the ones proposed in technical guidelines to determine formaldehyde by UV–vis spectrophotometry and melamine by HPLC. The final objective was to fit the migration kinetic curves of these two analytes in melamine kitchenware.\n\n\t\t\t\t After the method was validated, decision limit (CCα) and detection capability (CCβ) were calculated for both analytes, when the probabilities of false positive (α) and false negative (β) were fixed at 0.05; being CCβ 0.269 mg L−1 and 0.311 mg L−1 for melamine and formaldehyde respectively. CCα and CCβ were also calculated at the SML of both analytes.\n\n\t\t\t\t The migration testing were conducted with simulant B (3% acetic acid (w/v) in aqueous solution), the conditions of each exposure being 70 °C for 2 h. The quantities of melamine and formaldehyde found in the third exposure of the total kitchenware analysed were between 0.21 and 1.09 mg L−1 and between 0.55 and 3.86 mg L−1, respectively.\n\n\t\t\t\t Migration kinetic curves were built for each type of kitchenware with the data of sixteen consecutive migration cycles (70 °C each 30 min). The SML for melamine was surpassed in the mug, in the big cup and in the bowl after eleven, thirteen and one cycles, respectively.\n\n\t\t\t\t When more cycles were carried out in the mug, the values of the accumulated quantity of formaldehyde and melamine were 15.30 and 6.79 mg L−1, respectively, after thirty-two cycles. Both concentrations exceeded the corresponding SML.
Experimental investigation of solute transport in stratified porous media

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

In this study, an attempt is made to investigate the behaviour of solute transport through stratified porous media using laboratory experiments. A physical model is constructed to represent stratified porous media consisting of an advective region sandwiched between two non-advective regions. Pulse of tracer was injected at the inlet of the sand layer situated in between the clay matrix of the experimental model, and samples of tracer were collected at the other end of the model. An implicit finite-difference numerical technique is used to solve advective dispersive transport equations, including equilibrium sorption and first-order degradation constant for reactive transport through stratified porous media. A numerical model is used to simulate the breakthrough curves of experimental data of chloride and fluoride. It is seen that the peak of breakthrough curves is higher for the non-reactive solute compared to that of the reactive solute. The observed breakthrough curves were also found to be skewed in shape for solutes in stratified porous media. The numerical model was also found to be more sensitive to the value of transverse diffusion during simulation of experimental breakthrough curves. Finally, the values of effective diffusion coefficient and retardation coefficient are estimated by simulation of experimental breakthrough curves.
Reply on RC3

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract. A detailed understanding of how the Antarctic Ice Sheet (AIS) responds to a warming climate is needed because it will most likely increase the rate of global mean sea level rise. Time-variable satellite gravimetry, realized by the GRACE and GRACE-FO missions, is directly sensitive to AIS mass changes. However, gravimetric mass balances are subject to two major limitations: First, the usual correction of the glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) effect by modelling results is a dominant source of uncertainty. Second, satellite gravimetry allows for a resolution of a few hundred kilometres only, which is insufficient to thoroughly explore causes of AIS imbalance. We have overcome both limitations by the first global inversion of data from GRACE/GRACE-FO, satellite altimetry (CryoSat-2), regional climate modelling (RACMO2), and firn densification modelling (IMAU-FDM). The inversion spatially resolves GIA in Antarctica independently from GIA modelling jointly with changes of ice mass and firn air content at 50 km resolution. We find an AIS mass balance of -144 ± 27 Gt a-1 from Jan 2011 to Dec 2020. This estimate is the same, within uncertainties, as the statistical analysis of 23 different mass balances evaluated in IMBIE. The co-estimated GIA corresponds to an integrated mass effect of 86 ± 21 Gt a-1 over Antarctica and it fits better with GNSS results than other GIA predictions. From propagating covariances to integrals, we find a correlation coefficient of -0.97 between the AIS mass balance and the GIA estimate. Sensitivity tests with alternative input data sets lead to results within assessed uncertainties.
UNCERTAINTY ON THE BANKRUPT PROCESS AS A LEGAL MEANS FOR SHARIA ECONOMIC DISPUTE SETTLEMENT (Case Study of BMT Fisabilillah)

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Law No. 1 of 2013 on Microfinance Institutions (MFIs) has provided a legal basis for the operational activities of MFIs. The development of Sharia Microfinance Institutions/Baitul Maal wat Tamwil must be followed up with dispute resolution based on sharia principles. The intersection that occurs in the settlement of sharia economic disputes in bankruptcy cases is the mixing of conventional and sharia legal principles, which will cause legal uncertainty, the Court has absolute authority to handle sharia economic law cases. The bankruptcy decision by the Semarang Commercial Court in the BMT Fisabilillah case proves that at the empirical level, sharia economic disputes are decided by the Commercial Court which is formed in the general court environment. This article will analyze the position of BMT after the issuance of the MFI Law, the fall of the bankruptcy decision on BMT Fisabilillah. The research method is normative law by reviewing legal materials related to MFIs, Cooperatives, Bankruptcy and PKPU. The legal vacuum in bankruptcy law for sharia actors should be followed up by complying with the laws and decisions of the Constitutional Court so that bankruptcy disputes for LKMS become the domain of the Religious Courts, this is the main difference between bankruptcy based on positive law in Indonesia and Islamic law. This review of the bankruptcy case of BMT Fisabilillah is to understand that there is a blending in the substance of sharia economic law in the realm of general justice. This situation weakens the absolute authority of the established Religious Courts.
Social Survey Austria 1993 (SUF edition)

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Full edition for scientific use. This is the dataset of the second wave of the Austrian Social Survey that investigates changes in the social structure, living conditions, social attitudes and values of the residential population of Austria. In addition to the Autrian questionnaire part, the dataset includes the modules ISSP-1991 "Religion" and ISSP-1992 "Social Inequality".
Assessment of change to gravity field due to underground railroad tunnel construction

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Tunnel Ober-/Untertürkheim is an underground railroad tunnel that was constructed between 2015 and 2019. The tunnel crosses obliquely below Nähterstraße in Wangen, Baden-Württemberg, at a depth of circa 22 m. The 2014 Diplomarbeit of Benjamin Efinger involved a gravimetric survey of a set of points situated along Nähterstraße, near the site of the at that time still unbuilt tunnel. In 2020 I have resurveyed those points, in addition to which I have surveyed several additional points situated along the same line, near where the survey line crosses above the tunnel. The coordinates of all gravimetric survey points are known via SAPOS augmented GNSS survey. The purpose of this thesis is to compare the pre- and postconstruction gravitation fields. The first task of survey data postprocessing is to apply corrections to each gravimetric observation; the applied corrections account for the centrifugal component as well as the component that is height of instrument times free-air gradient. Next a survey least squares adjustment is implemented in such a way that partitions every corrected gravimetric observation between a constant component common to all observations, time dependent bias of the gravimeter response variable, difference of magnitude of gravitation relative to a reference value, and random error. According to predictive modelling contained in the 2014 Diplomarbeit of Efinger, the endpoints of the survey line are sufficiently far from the tunnel that there is at most negligible change of gravitation there due to tunnel construction. Except for the two endpoints of the survey line: for all points observed both pre- and postconstruction, the least squares survey adjustment distinguishes preconstruction relative gravitation from postconstruction relative gravitation. The known, one-dimensional coordinates of the survey points together with their adjusted relative gravitation values constitutes a dataset that supports simultaneous least squares estimation of two Legendre series: one corresponding to preconstruction state of gravitation, the other corresponding to postconstruction state of gravitation. The difference between the two Legendre series is a stochastic function that is denoted as F; it is a model of the change of gravitation from preconstruction to postsconstruction. At the point where the survey line crosses above the underground railroad tunnel, Efinger’s predicted change of gravitation is approximately F - 1.618 √var(F).
The Pentecostal Significance of Numbers 11

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract Numbers 11 describes a very significant interconnectedness of the Spirit of God and leadership/ministry of God's people and prophetic activity. This is established as the LORD answered the first great need of Moses in leading the people of Israel on the journey through the wilderness of the Promised Land with a special demonstration of his Spirit. The empowering of the 70 elders accompanied by a prophetic experience foreshadowed the Acts 2— Pentecost event. Therefore, Number 11 should be considered as the foundational Charismatic/Pentecostal passage in the Old Testament.
Bone Screw Manufacturing for Bone Reconstruction: An Application in Veterinary Orthopedics

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Currently, there are few studies on lyophilized bovine bone as a biomaterial for the manufacture of bone reconstruction implants [4] [8] [9] and these are usually focused on their manufacture, sterilization or mechanical comparison with other materials. The implants manufactured in this biomaterial have a main advantage over implants made of other materials, osteoinduction and osteoconduction, which cause the complete regeneration of the implant, eliminating the need for a second surgery to remove them. The main objective of this research article was to design and implement a guide for the manufacturing of HA2.7 screw implants; this manufacturing line includes the steps of material preparation, machining, cleaning, packaging and sterilization. In order to verify each of these stages, cytotoxicity tests, analysis of implant textures, chemical analysis, dimensional analysis, reproducibility and repetitiveness analysis of the process, and surface roughness analysis were used until the implantation of the screw as a fixation of fasciae latae implants. The surgery is based on an extraarticular repair of the anterior cruciate ligament rupture in a dog, where the behaviour of the screw was observed as its osseointegration in time until the patient recovered.
PDTM-38. ANALYSIS OF PAIRED BRAFV600E MUTANT GLIOMA PATIENT SAMPLES IDENTIFIES NOVEL RESISTANCE MECHANISMS TO TARGETED BRAF INHIBITION

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BRAFV600E mutations occur in a variety of gliomas including gangliogliomas, epithelioid glioblastomas, pleomorphic xanthroastrocytomas, and pilocytic astrocytomas. The development of BRAFV600E targeted therapies has provided a new treatment option for these patients. Clinical trials in melanoma and colorectal cancer as well as early studies in central nervous system (CNS) tumors indicates a high risk for the development of resistance to these therapies. While the resistance mechanisms in non-CNS tumors has been explored, to date there is little data available for resistance mechanisms in glioma patients treated with BRAFV600E inhibition. To identify molecular and pathway alterations driving resistance in glioma, we performed targeted next-generation DNA sequencing, RNA sequencing, and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) on paired pre-treatment and post-resistance primary patient samples (n=4) and cell lines (n=2). Unique genetic alterations likely driving tumor recurrence and resistance to BRAF inhibition were identified in each of the paired samples. Novel mutations identified in the recurrent gliomas included a de novo mutation in the CBL gene that localizes within the RING finger domain of the encoded E3 ubiquitin ligase protein and has been recurrently found in myeloid neoplasms, a frameshift mutation in the RB1 tumor suppressor gene, and a nonsense mutation in ERRFI1, which encodes a negative regulator of EGFR signaling. IPA analysis demonstrated significant pathway activation differences in recurrent samples as well. There was a predominance of up-regulated receptor tyrosine kinase pathways including EGFR, NTRK2, TGFB1, estrogen receptor, ERBB2, and PI3K. Expected up-regulation of the MEK, MAPK1, MAP2k1 and ERK1/2 pathways was also found. The altered pathways were unique for each paired set. These data suggest that pediatric gliomas develop resistance to BRAF inhibition using a multitude of genetic and transcriptional mechanisms that are potentially distinct in each tumor, and with evidence of novel resistance mutations not found in resistant melanoma or colorectal cancers.
Effect of Topical Petroleum Ether and Ethyl Acetate Fractions From Euphorbia milii on Imiquimod-induced Psoriasis-like Skin Inflammation in Mice

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Effect of Topical Petroleum Ether and Ethyl Acetate Fractions From Euphorbia milii on Imiquimod-induced Psoriasis-like Skin Inflammation in Mice
Work in Progress: Quantifying Learning by Reflecting on Doing in an Engineering Design, Build, and Test Course

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract How can instructors leverage assessment instruments in design, build, and test courses to simultaneously improve student outcomes and assess student learning well enough to improve courses for future students? A learning statement is a structured [Experience|Learning|Value] text-based construct for students in AME4163 Principles of Engineering Design to record what they learned by reflecting on authentic immersive experiences throughout the semester. The immersive experiences include lectures, assignments, reviews, building, testing and a post-analysis for design of an electro-mechanical system to address a given customer need. Over the past three years. in the School of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering at the University of Oklahoma, we have collected almost 30,000 learning statements from almost 400 students that we propose to use to improve our understanding of what students have learned by reflecting on doing and thence how we might improve the delivery of the course. In this paper, we briefly introduce the framework of a computer program used to process a large number of learning statements by way of providing context. We focus on comparing what students learned with what instructors expected the students to learn thus providing evidence-based guidance to instructors on how to improve the delivery of AME4163 thus providing an initial answer to the question posed above.
Performance of Piper Nigrum (Black Pepper) as Corrosion Inhibitor of Ductile Iron

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The effectiveness of Piper Nigrum as green corrosion inhibitor towards ductile iron in 1M Sodium Hydroxide was studied. Piper Nigrum, also known as black pepper had undergone extraction process in order to get the final product in the form of liquid which acted as inhibitor. The sample of this inhibitor was analyzed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) in determining the bonding and the functional group of the inhibitor. Meanwhile, the capability of Piper Nigrum to inhibit corrosion was tested based on concentration of inhibitors by using the gravimetric method. Ductile iron was exposed to 1M Sodium Hydroxide which acted as corrosive medium and inhibitor concentration of 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 g/L respectively for three hours at constant temperature of 50Â°C. In addition, there was one ductile iron which was exposed to 1M Sodium Hydroxide in the absence of inhibitor. The ductile iron was then visualized by the microstructure observation through microscope. As a result, FTIR had indicated that the presence of hetero atoms in alkaloids Piperine made Piper Nigrum to have an ability to inhibit corrosion. Besides, Piper Nigrum could achieve maximum inhibition efficiency of 97.97% while the corrosion rate was only 0.8059 mm/year at 0.3 g/L inhibitor. Furthermore, the concentration of inhibitor gave insignificant effect on the microstructure. However, the morphology of ductile iron microstructure had shown slight difference when the ductile iron was immersed in higher concentration of inhibitor. This had proved that the higher concentration of inhibitor, the less corrosion occurred.Â Â Â
Managing Trade-off Between Subscription Load and Latency in Vehicular Edge Platform

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Adding connectivity to vehicles is attracting much attention toward developing smarter vehicles such as autonomous cars. To obtain and utilize real-time information from vehicles, techniques that combine the concept of edge computing and publish/subscribe messaging model have been proposed. However, there is an issue that the increase in the number of edge servers imposes a heavy load upon a subscriber for managing connections to them. To address this issue, we propose an edge-based platform with the functionality of adjusting the number of connections to edge servers. Experimental results clarify the trade-off characteristic between subscription load and latency.
Coordinate Magnetic Routing for Mobile Sinks Wireless Sensor Networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Extending lifetime and energy efficiency are important objectives and challenges in wireless sensor networks (WSN). Mobile sinks have been proposed and recognized for efficient data dissemination, reduced latency, and energy efficiency for wireless sensor networks. However, Mobile sink wireless sensor networks (MSWSN) also introduce many challenges especially in high performance routing capability. To address these challenges, we propose a novel efficient data dissemination algorithm for mobile sinks wireless sensor networks. This algorithm, Coordinate Magnetic (CM), is based upon representing the network as a virtual grid and using coordinate conception and magnetic phenomenon for data dissemination in network. We have conducted a simulation study to our work using the Georgia Tech Network Simulator (GTNetS) simulator. Our simulation under evaluation although seems promising.
Hypercalcemia and abnormal bone scan patterns

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

To the Editor.

—In the September 1983 Archives, Licata and colleagues1described a patient with multiple myeloma and acute hypercalcemia who presented with symmetrical juxta-articular uptake of technetium Tc 99m polyphosphate on bone scan. Licata et al postulated that the bone scan findings might be an early sign of an underlying hematologic neoplasm. A similar presentation was described by Liu2in a patient with hypercalcemia and bone marrow involvement with malignant melanoma. The exact cause of the symmetrical uptake in the bone scans in these studies was not determined but was felt to be related to increased blood circulation in areas of tumor infiltration.

Report of a Case.

—A 56-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital with a ten-day history of weakness, fatigue, and dyspnea. Several weeks prior to admission, she was noted to have an enlarged right inguinal lymph node. Laboratory investigation disclosed the following values:
Fabrication and Characterization of Ti/TiC Composite Layers by an Electron-Beam Surface Modification

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

In this study, the possibilities for modification and improvement of the surface structure and properties of titanium substrates by a formation of composite Ti/TiC layers are presented. The layers were fabricated by a two-step electron-beam surface modification technique. The first step consists of injection of C powder within the pure Ti substrates by electron-beam alloying technology. The second step is the refinement and homogenization of the microstructure by the electron-beam remelting procedure. During the remelting, the speed of the motion of the samples was varied, and two (most representative) velocities were chosen: 5 and 15 mm/s. Considering both speeds of the motion of the specimens, a composite structure in the form of fine TiC particles distributed within the base titanium matrix was formed. The remelting speed of 5 mm/s led to the formation of a much thicker composite layer, where the TiC particles were significantly more homogeneously distributed. The results obtained for the Vickers microhardness exhibit a significant increase in the value in the mentioned mechanical characteristic in comparison with the base Ti substrate. In the case of the lower speed of the motion of the specimen during the remelting procedure, the microhardness is 510 HV, or about 2.5 times higher than that of the titanium substrate. The application of a higher speed of the specimen motion leads to a decrease in the microhardness in comparison with the case of lower velocity. However, it is still much higher than that of the base Ti material. The mean microhardness of the sample obtained by the remelting speed of motion of 15 mm/s is 360 HV, or it is 1.8 times higher than that of the base material.
MUSE2020 challenge report

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper is a brief report for MUSE2020 challenge. We present our solution for Muse-Wild sub challenge. The aim of this challenge is to investigate sentiment analysis method in real-world situation. Our solutions achieve the best CCC performance of 0.4670, 0.3571 for arousal, and valence respectively on the challenge validation set, which outperforms the baseline system with corresponding CCC of 0.3078 and 1506.