jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the effectiveness of non-profit organizations: regional rating and directions of development

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Today, the issue of the effectiveness of the work on non-profit organizations is relevant. The purpose of the work was to assess the effectiveness of the activities of non-profit organizations through a regional rating, which included characteristics of the effectiveness of the activities of non-profit organizations. As a result of the study, regions with an effective non-profit sector were indentified.
Possible Insecticidal Mechanisms Mediated by Immune-Response-Related Cry-Binding Proteins in the Midgut Juice of Plutella xylostella and Spodoptera exigua

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Cry toxins are insecticidal toxin proteins produced by a spore-forming Gram-positive bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis. Interactions between the Cry toxins and the receptors from midgut brush border membrane vesicles (BBMVs), such as cadherin, alkaline phosphatase, and aminopeptidase, are key steps for the specificity and insecticidal activity of Cry proteins. However, little is known about the midgut juice proteins that may interfere with Cry binding to the receptors. To validate the hypothesis that there exist Cry-binding proteins that can interfere with the insecticidal process of Cry toxins, we applied Cry1Ab1-coupled Sepharose beads to isolate Cry-binding proteins form midgut juice of Plutella xylostella and Spodoptera exigua. Trypsin-like serine proteases and Dorsal were found to be Cry1Ab1-binding proteins in the midgut juice of P. xylostella. Peroxidase-C (POX-C) was found to be the Cry1Ab1-binding protein in the midgut juice of S. exigua. We proposed possible insecticidal mechanisms of Cry1Ab1 mediated by the two immune-related proteins: Dorsal and POX-C. Our results suggested that there exist, in the midgut juice, Cry-binding proteins, which are different from BBMV-specific receptors.
An Accurate Method for Designing Piezoelectric Energy Harvesters Based on Two-Dimensional Green Functions Under a Tangential Line Force

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The piezoelectric coating structure constitutes the main configuration of contemporary energy harvesting systems, and its development requires accurate modeling of electromechanical coupling behavior under mechanical loads. The present work prepares a framework to analyze orthotropic piezoelectric coating–substrate systems; based on the fundamental solution theory, it derives two-dimensional Green functions from closed-form elementary functions. The formulation can establish the mesh-free solution paradigm through addressing tangential line force loading onto a coated surface. This method helps reconstruct full-field electromechanical responses upon arbitrary mechanical loading by integrating superposition principles and Gaussian quadrature technologies. An important application is in optimizing coating thickness, where parametric research suggests that piezoelectric layer geometry is non-linearly correlated with energy conversion efficiency. Notably, analytical sensitivity coefficients of this framework contribute to gradient-based optimization algorithms, which enhances efficiency compared with traditional empirical frameworks.
Effect of some factors on growth of lambs from crossing between the Improved Wallachian and East Friesian

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The effect of some factors (genotype, sex, litter size, age of dam at lambing, month of lambing and year of birth of lamb) on the growth of lambs - crossbreds between the Improved Wallachian (IW) and East Friesian (EF) breed was evaluated in operating conditions during two successive years. Three genotypes were evaluated: IW 50 EF 50, EF 75 IW 25 and EF 87.5 IW 12.5. The evaluation of the effect of genotype on growth showed that this factor did not have a significant effect on the majority of growth traits under study. In the period from birth to 100 days of age the highest daily gain was found in IW 50 EF 50 (263 g). The daily gains of EF 75 IW 25 and EF 87.5 IW 12.5 in this period were lower but identical (244 g). Age of dam had a significant effect on the majority of growth traits under study. Sex of lamb had a significant effect on body weight at 100 days of age and also on the majority of daily gains under study. The factors litter size, month of lambing and year of lamb birth were the most significant sources of variation of daily gains. As far as the non-genetic factors were concerned, the highest daily gains from birth to 100 days of age were recorded in males (259 g), in singles (260 g), in lambs from 4-years-old ewes (269 g), in lambs born in January (263 g) and in lambs born in the first year of evaluation (256 g). The analysis of phenotypic correlations indicated that body weight at birth showed a positive and highly significant (P ≤ 0.01) effect on the majority of growth traits under study. All phenotypic correlations between individual body weights were positive and high (P ≤ 0.01). The majority of phenotypic correlations between individual daily gains under study were also positive and high (P ≤ 0.01).
THE ROLE OF A WHATSAPP CLINICAL DISCUSSION GROUP IN THE CLINICAL MANAGEMENT OF COVID-19 CASES: AN EXPERIENCE OF TERTIARY CARE HOSPITALS IN PUNJAB, PAKISTAN

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objective: To assess the usefulness of the Whatsapp group made for managing the patients of COVID-19 at different govt. sector hospitals of Sahiwal, Punjab. Study Design: A web-based cross-sectional analytical survey. Place and Duration of Study: Sahiwal Medical College Sahiwal, from Jun to Jun 2020. Methodology: A validated questionnaire was distributed among 95 members of the Whatsapp group at Sahiwal Medical College Sahiwal. Results were assessed by using SPSS version-24. Results: The response rate of our study was 75.78%. Most were younger than 30 years of age (69.40%) and majority (80.60%) belonged to clinical departments. Out of 58 clinical side doctors, 44 (75.86) belonged to medicine and allied departments while 14 (24.14%) belong to surgery and allied departments. Results showed that the helpful discussion in the group increased the confidence of the participants by 4.24 times with 95% C.I. of 2.76 to 6.52. Speedy management of the patients due to Whatsapp group also increased the confidence of the study participants by 6.30 times with 95% C.I. of 2.03 to 19.49. Discussions on Whatsapp group and increase in knowledge of participants related to COVID-19 through Whatsapp also helped participants to speed up the management of the patients by 3.77 times with 95% C.I. of 2.54 to 5.61. Conclusion: Hence our study concludes that the usefulness of the Whatsapp group for management of COVID-19 patients was very well perceived by our survey population. It increased their confidence in managing the patients of COVID-19.
The Role of Awareness in Human Differential Autonomic Classical Conditioning: The Necessary‐Gate Hypothesis

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

ABSTRACT A “necessary‐gate” hypothesis is proposed regarding the relationship between awareness of the CS‐UCS relationship and autonomic classical conditioning. The hypothesis is that awareness is a necessary but not sufficient condition, and a gate but not analog condition, for human differential autonomic classical conditioning. Evidence in support of the hypothesis is reviewed and directions for future research and theory development are suggested.
Soil Fertility, Onion-Maize Productivity and N-Use Efficiency as Affected by Green Manure, Mineral and Bio Fertilizers.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

S OIL fertility was and still one of the most important factors controlling the productivity of crops.A field experiment was conducted at Sakha Agricultural Research Station, Egypt to assess the effect of green manure, bio-N fertilizer and mineral nitrogen fertilizer on some soil properties, mineral nitrogen fertilizer efficiency (i.e., N-use efficiency) and yield of onion (in winter season 2015/2016) following by maize (in summer 2016).Treatments included bio-Nfertilizers, mineral nitrogen fertilizer and green manure.The results showed that using all green manures (i.e., Egyptian clover and fenugreek) before planting onion significantly developed soil properties; increased availability of the studied nutrients and total porosity.Inoculations with bio-fertilizer maximize these effects on soil properties and yield of onion and maize.Interaction between fenugreek with bio-fertilizer and mineral N-fertilizer at 120 kg fed -1 attained the highest values of total onion yield, averages of bulb weight, diameter, dry matter content and nutrients-uptake of NPK in the first season after green manure application.After cultivation of maize, the highest values of grain and dry stalks yields, 100-grain weight and NPK-uptake were obtained with the interaction of Egyptian clover with bio-fertilizer and N-fertilizer at 90 kg fed - 1 .The use of Egyptian clover as green manure with bio-fertilizer increased N-use efficiency for onion at 60 kg N fed -1 and for maize grain yield was at 120 kg N fed -1 .So, the study concluded importance of using green manures to improve soil properties and use efficiency of mineral nitrogen fertilizer.
Study area (Image source: https://www.naturalearthdata.com/downloads/10m-cultural-vectors/).

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

<p>Study area (Image source: <a href="https://www.naturalearthdata.com/downloads/10m-cultural-vectors/" target="_blank">https://www.naturalearthdata.com/downloads/10m-cultural-vectors/</a>).</p>
Template-Based Inverse PlanningSimulated Annealing for CT-Based High-Dose-Rate Brachytherapy of Cervical Cancer: Feasibility Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose:To investigate the feasibility of using an inverse planning technique for CT-based ring and tandem high-dose rate brachytherapy of cervical cancer. Methods and Materials:Two patients previously treated with high-dose-rate brachytherapy for cervical cancer were retrospectively identified for this study. Each patient had five intracavitary insertions using CT/MR-compatible tandem and ring applicators. The 6Gy isodose lines from the original clinical plans were converted into a structure set (S6) using MIMvista. Inverse plans were then generated in Oncentra using the inverse planning simulated annealing (IPSA) with S6 as the optimization target. The dose to 0.1cm3, 1cm3, 5cm3 of bladder (DB0.1, DB1, and DB5) and rectum (DR0.1, DR1, DR5) were determined from the dose volume histogram (DVH). Percentage of physician drawn clinical target volume (CTV) and S6 coverage (V100CTV, V100S6) were also recorded. Results:The mean V100%CTV of the original clinical plans and the inverse plans were 88.14% and 87.57%. The mean V100%S6 of the original clinical plans and the inverse plans was 98.68% and 97.00%. The mean dose reduction for DB0.1, DB1 and DB5 were 5.4%, 5.4%, and 4.7%, respectively. The mean dose reduction for DR0.1, DR1 and DR5 were 6.4%, 5.5%, and 4.8%. Conclusions:This work demonstrated the feasibility of this structure-based inverse planning. It can achieve comparable CTV coverage while reducing dose to critical structures. Once template structure set is constructed, this procedure can not only reduce planning time, but improve quality assurance by standardizing the procedure. This approach can be directly extended to other applicator-based brachytherapy procedures.
Comparative analysis of microbiome between accurately identified 16S rDNA and quantified bacteria in simulated samples

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Although 16S rRNA gene (rDNA) sequencing is the gold standard for categorizing bacteria or characterizing microbial communities its clinical utility is limited by bias in metagenomic studies, in either the experiments or the data analyses. To evaluate the efficiency of current metagenomic methods, we sequenced seven simulated samples of ten bacterial species mixed at different concentrations. The V3 region of 16S rDNA was targeted and used to determine the distribution of bacterial species. The number of target sequences in individual simulated samples was in the range 1–1000 to provide a better reflection of natural microbial communities. However, for a given bacterial species present in the same proportion but at different concentrations, the observed percentage of 16S rDNAs was similar, except at very low concentrations that cannot be detected by real-time PCR. These results confirmed that the comparative microbiome in a sample characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing is sufficient to detect not only potential infectious pathogens, but also the relative proportion of 16S rDNA in the sample.
Evaluating survival in aggressive variant prostate cancer patients undergoing PSMA radioligand therapy.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

259 Background: Aggressive variant prostate cancer (AVPC) is a subtype of metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) characterized by several high-risk features. AVPC is associated with poorer overall survival and has limited response to androgen receptor targeted therapy, although it often shows some responsiveness to chemotherapy. In this study, we evaluated the outcomes of AVPC patients who received Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen (PSMA) radioligand therapy (RLT). Methods: This retrospective study included 201 mCRPC patients who received Lutetium-177, [ 177 Lu]-PSMA RLT at two academic centers. Patients were classified as having AVPC based on the presence of at least one of the following eight criteria: exclusive visceral metastases (n=1), predominantly lytic bone metastasis (n=1), bulky lymphadenopathy or pelvic mass (≥5 cm) (n=4), low PSA (≤10 ng/mL) at initial presentation plus high-volume (≥20) bone metastases (n=0), serum CEA and/or LDH levels twice the upper limit of normal at the time of treatment (n=5), a short interval (≤6 months) to CRPC (n=7), small cell/neuroendocrine carcinoma morphology (n=5), and the presence of two or more genomic defects among TP53, RB1, and PTEN (n=13). Results: Of the 201 patients, 34 (16.9%) were classified as having AVPC (Table). The PSA50 response rate was 55% in the AVPC group and 60% in the non-AVPC group. The median overall survival (OS) (median time from the start of therapy to the last follow-up or death) was 171 days for the AVPC group and 282 days for the non-AVPC group. Although, the Kaplan-Meier plot only suggested a trend toward worse survival in AVPC patients compared to non-AVPC patients, the difference did not reach statistical significance (log-rank test p-value = 0.179). Conclusions: Our study suggests patients with AVPC may benefit from PSMA RLT and should be considered for this treatment if they are eligibly. Further studies are needed for a better understanding of this patient population. Details of patients. AVPC Non AVPC N=201 34 167 Age 1 (mean, year) 64.38 64.09 PSA 2 (mean, ng/mL) 331 251 PSA 3 (mean, ng/mL) 717 504 PSA50 (%) 55 60 OS/FU (median, day) 171 282 1 Age at the time of therapy. 2 Baseline PSA at diagnosis. 3 Most recent PSA prior to therapy.
Serum procalcitonin measurement for detection of bacterial infection vs disease flare in SLE patients / Nurul Faatima Ahmad Zabidi

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Infection is one of the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). It is important to identify and differentiate bacterial infections and disease flare in SLE patient at an early stage because the treatment modalities for
each condition differs. This study aims to evaluate the possible role of procalcitonin for detection of bacterial infections in SLE patients presenting with signs and symptoms of infection and/or disease flare. Method: This is a cross sectional case control study involving 72 female SLE patients. 36 hospitalised SLE patients with symptoms suggestive of infections and/or disease
flares were recruited with the remaining 36 stable SLE patients as controls over a 10 month interval. Patients were classified into three groups; bacterial infection, nonbacterial infection (disease flare and viral infection) and stable. Serum PCT were assessed in all these patients. Results: The disease group (n=36) comprised bacterial infection (n=10) and 26 nonbacterial
origin (20 were disease flare and 6 viral infection). PCT value at 0.28ng/ml (80% sensitivity, 100% specificity, 100% PPV and 91 % NPV) was found to be the most
appropriate cut off value for detecting bacterial infection among SLE patients presenting with signs and symptoms of infection and/or disease flare. Whilst PCT level of <0.09ng/ml was deemed to be the appropriate cut off point for stable SLE patients without any infection or disease activity. Conclusion: Elevated PCT has a good specificity and positive predictive value and may
potentially be utilized in differentiating bacterial infection from disease flare in SLE patients. Key Words: SLE, Bacterial Infections, Procalcitonin, Disease Flares.
Truncating the Drive of Yahoo-Yahoo in Nigeria: The Relevance of Surah At-Takhathur

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The paper looks at the increasing nature of cybercrime activities, particularly yahoo-yahoo in Nigeria. The paper adopted descriptive and evaluative methods of research to gather and analyze relevant data. The paper identifies some cases of this crime in society to validate its position. The findings show that the influence of peer groups, parental and societal support, unemployment, and many others account for the growing nature of crime in society. While the paper posits that the criminal gain from Yahoo activities is temporal, it draws attention to the concept of life after death and accountability as enumerated in Qur’an chapter 102 as a deterrence to the people’s inordinate quest for wealth at all costs. The paper recommends a more robust orientation of people by both religious leaders and appropriate government agencies on the need to have the human mind and no devilish nature. The government and the well-to-do people in society are also encouraged to join hands to address the problem of unemployment.
Phase II study of high-dose tamoxifen (NSC-180973) in patients with disseminated malignant melanoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Seventeen patients with disseminated malignant melanoma received a daily oral regimen of tamoxifen, 100 mg/m2. All patients had prior chemotherapy and predominantly visceral involvement. None of the patients had an objective regression and most (71%) had progressive disease at the time of first reassessment. Moderate to severe nausea occurred in 24% of patients. In the dose and schedule used in this study, tamoxifen is ineffective in patients with advanced malignant melanoma and prior chemotherapy exposure.
Enantioselective hydrogenation of α-aminomethylacrylates containing a free NH group for the synthesis of β-amino acid derivatives

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

We describe highly enantioselective synthesis of β-amino acid derivatives (1a-c) using asymmetric hydrogenation of α-aminomethylacrylates (2a-c), which contain a free basic N H group, as the key step. The α-aminomethylacrylates (2a-c) were prepared using the Baylis–Hillman reaction of an appropriate aldehyde with methyl acrylate followed by acetylation of the resulting allylic alcohols (4a-b) and S N 2′-type amination of the allylic acetates (3a-b).
Bleeding Hearts and the Heartless: Popular Perceptions of Liberal and Conservative Ideologies

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Two studies explored liberals’ and conservatives’ perceptions of themselves and other liberals and conservatives. Participants reported how much assistance they would recommend for needy persons who were nonresponsible and responsible for their plights (i.e., were more and less deserving) and predicted how much liberal and conservative others would recommend. Relative to liberal participants, conservatives reported being less generous toward responsible persons but did not differ in their self-reported generosity toward nonresponsible persons. Both groups viewed conservatives as somewhat heartless, giving less than liberals whether the needy were responsible or nonresponsible. A shared stereotype of a bleeding heart liberal also was revealed—overall, persons overestimated liberals’ generosity toward the responsible, but this was strongest among conservatives, which the authors termed the “Limbaugh Effect.” Results also suggested self-enhancement; liberals and conservatives reported being generous and judicious. Results are discussed in terms of their relevance to lay conceptions of ideology and political rhetoric.
A new guaianolide from Artemisia roxburghiana

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A new member of 5αH,6βH,7αH,11αH-guaian-12,6α-olides, 11-epi-8α-hydroxyarborescin, together with a mixture of (24R)- and (24S)-cycloart-25-en-3b,24-diols, palmitic acid and 1-octacosanol were isolated from the leaves of Artemisia roxburghiana Bess. (Asteraceae) of Vietnam. Their structures were determined on the basis of spectroscopic methods.
Atrial fibrillation in the cow, pig, dog, and cat.

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most frequently observed arrhythmia in milking cows. About 50% of AF-affected cows have a history of ketosis, suggesting a relationship between AF and ketosis. Clinical signs of AF include a sudden decrease in milk production and an unstable appetite. Oral administration of quinidine is effective in the treatment of AF. AF in the pig has been observed only in one breeding animal. The clinical signs included anorexia and abnormal heart sounds. The AF was successfully terminated by the administration of 10 mg/kg quinidine every 8 h. AF in dogs and cats appears as a sign of cardiac failure, although AF may also be observed in large dogs without any underlying cardiac disease. Direct current defibrillation is effective in the treatment of these animals.
c © Author(s) 2008. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribute 3.0 License. The Cryosphere Discussions Interactive comment on “Transient thermal effects

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Dear colleagues The paper “Transient thermal effects in Alpine permafrost ” by J. Noetzli and S. Gruber is an interesting continuation of the research of permafrost conditions in Alpine mountain ranges. The presentation is mostly clear, the figures are well done, and the bibliography complete (if not too big). I recommend the publication after the following points have been addressed.
A comparative observation on disinfection effects of gastrointestinal endoscopy by EOW and glutaraldehyde

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objective:To investigate the disinfection efficacy of electrolyzed oxidizing water(EOW) and glutaraldehyde on contaminated gastrointestinal endoscope and evaluate the value of the two disinfectants in clinical practice.Methods: Endoscopes were disinfected with 5 channels disinfection method.EOW disinfectant group and glutaraldehyde disinfectant group were set up.The examples of endoscope were taken at 3,5 and 10 minutes after disinfection.The amount of bacterial colony were counted and compared before and after disinfection.Results: Bacteria were not detected at samples of 5 and 10 minutes after disinfection in EOW group.Conclusion: The disinfection effect of EOW is superior to glutaraldehyde.