jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Palbociclib can overcome mutations in cyclin dependent kinase 6 that break hydrogen bonds between the drug and the protein

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Inhibition of cyclin dependent kinases (CDKs) 4 and 6 prevent cells from entering the synthesis phase of the cell cycle. CDK4 and 6 are therefore important drug targets in various cancers. The selective CDK4/6 inhibitor palbociclib is approved for the treatment of breast cancer and has shown activity in a cellular model of mixed lineage leukaemia (MLL)‐rearranged acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). We studied the interactions of palbociclib and CDK6 using molecular dynamics simulations. Analysis of the simulations suggested several interactions that stabilized the drug in its binding site and that were not observed in the crystal structure of the protein‐drug complex. These included a hydrogen bond to His 100 that was hitherto not reported and several hydrophobic contacts. Evolutionary‐based bioinformatic analysis was used to suggest two mutants, D163G and H100L that would potentially yield drug resistance, as they lead to loss of important protein–drug interactions without hindering the viability of the protein. One of the mutants involved a change in the glycine of the well‐conserved DFG motif of the kinase. Interestingly, CDK6‐dependent human AML cells stably expressing either mutant retained sensitivity to palbociclib, indicating that the protein‐drug interactions are not affected by these. Furthermore, the cells were proliferative in the absence of palbociclib, indicating that the Asp to Gly mutation in the DFG motif did not interfere with the catalytic activity of the protein.
Trends in Plant-Based Substitutes for Animal Proteins

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The increasing world population requires a sufficient production of crops and animals for food use, and the production needs to be environmentally and socially sustainable. Meat analogues made from plant, fungal, and insect proteins are expected to serve as a substitute for animal meats. Plant-derived proteins (plant proteins), which are attracting great attention, are focused on in this review as meat and dairy substitutes, since plant proteins may help mankind as a substitute for animal proteins to achieve a secure supply of proteins worldwide while also responding to the demand for plant-derived products by vegetarians and vegans. Aspects discussed in this review also include the role of soybeans as one of the key plant protein sources; its recent production in the world has been increasing due to the extended harvest area of genetically modified soybean varieties. Plant proteins can be processed by extrusion to give meat-like textures. In addition, plant proteins from soybean, wheat, and other plants have traditionally been utilized via fermentation in Japan and other Asian countries. It is expected that the fermentation methods used for those traditional plant protein foods as well as other processing technologies could be applied to produce novel foods based on plant proteins.
Giant dumbbell shaped malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumour arising from sciatic nerve: A case report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumours in the sciatic nerve are sporadic and are often misdiagnosed.We herein report a case of a 22-year-old woman presenting with low back pain radiating to the right lower limb and right lower limb weakness.CT and MRI scan showed a large complex solid cystic lesion arising from S1 and S2 nerve roots extending from the right presacral space and traversing through the obturator foramina and emerging in the right gluteal region.Surgical resection with a bi-modal (Trans abdominal and gluteal) approach resulted in complete excision of the mass with an appreciable margin.The histopathological report showed a malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumour.Post tumour board discussion patient underwent adjuvant radiation.The patient has been under regular follow-up for six months and is disease-free.
Coach yourself : make real changes in your life : it's your life - what are you going to do with it?

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Chapter one Change happens Why is it important to be able to change? Welcoming change Chapter two BYO - can you be your own life coach? Chapter three All change What works and what doesn't Chapter four Hopes and dreams What do you really want? Chapter five Whatever turns you on Exploring motivation Chapter six From negative to positive Turning ANTs into PETs Building a solid house of change Chapter seven Solutions, solutions, solutions Moving away from the problem towards a solution Chapter eight Gathering strength (Exploring motivation) Chapter nine Staying on track Chapter ten Do it with a friend Co-coaching Chapter eleven Success Chapter twelve Coach yourself: a life-coaching programme for change Further reading
Drawing Circles in the Sand

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

One of the most important differentiators between Commercial Games and Serious Games is content; delivered in a way that is successfully integrated with engaging game play and achieves the desired learning outcomes by delivering skills and knowledge effectively to the end-user. This ability to integrate content effectively is the key to producing “killer” Serious Games that deliver demonstrable learning outcomes, business benefits and overall value. However, achieving this nirvana is not a trivial task. Utilising lessons learned and case studies, this chapter provides an overview of why this process can be so challenging, including the differing experiences from the perspective of three stakeholders (game designer, instructional designer/learning psychologist and subject matter expert), how to manage preconceptions and balance their priorities. The case studies will also show how different methodologies, techniques and technology have been applied to help solve this fundamental challenge of delivering a successful serious game. Advice is provided on how to facilitate this process, capture the correct requirements andcreate a design that meets and exceeds the expectations of all the stakeholders involved, including the client/customer and the end user.
Effects of matrine on insulin to promote cardiac fibroblastproliferation and collagen synthesis in rats

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Objective To investigate the effects of matrine on insulin to promote cardiac fibroblast(CF)proliferation and collagen synthesis in rats. Methods From November 2011 to April 2012,digestion method was used to culture cardiac fibroblasts of SD rats. There were five groups in this experiment:① control group,managed with culture fluid;② insulin group,with insulin(final concentration 10- 8mol·L- 1);③low dose Mat + Ins group,with 0. 1mmol·L- 1Mat + Ins; ④ middle dose Mat + Ins group,with 0. 2mmol·L- 1Mat + Ins;⑤high dose Mat + Ins group,with 0. 4mmol·L- 1Mat + Ins. CF proliferation was measured by thiazolyl blue( MTT) assay( A490),and collagen synthesis by 3H- thymidine(3H-TdR) uptake test. The effects of matrine on insulin to promote CF proliferation and collagen synthesis were observed,as well as the action of different concentrations of Mat against CF proliferation and collagen synthesis. Results As Mat concentration increased,CF A490 value showed a decreasing trend. It was(0. 140 ±0.026) and(0. 089 ±0. 005) respectively in middle and high dose Mat + Ins groups,which were significantly lower than that in control group(0. 323 ± 0. 097, P 0. 05). A490 value in low,middle and high dose Mat + Ins groups was significantly lower than that in Ins group( P 0. 05). With the increasing of Mat concentration,the rate of 3H- TdR incorporation into CF showed a decreasing trend. It was(655. 96 ± 52. 57) and(376. 14 ± 56. 33) respectively in middle and high dose Mat + Ins groups,which were significantly lower than that in control group(1 326. 32 ± 278. 03,P 0. 05). The rate of 3H- TdR incorporation into CF was lower in low,middle and high dose Mat + Ins groups than in Ins group(P 0. 05). Conclusions Insulin can promote CF proliferation and collagen synthesis in vitro,which can be inhibited by Mat. This action of Mat is dose- dependent.
Optimal stopping, Appell polynomials and Wiener-Hopf factorization representations of excessive functions of Lévy processes

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In this paper we study the optimal stopping problem for Lévy processes studied by Novikov and Shiryayev, Stochastics, 2007 In particular, we are interested in finding the representing measure of the value function. It is seen that that this can be expressed in terms of the Appell polynomials. An important tool in our approach and computations is the Wiener-Hopf factorization.
Hearing the inaudible

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This article considers multiple ways in which, one year into the COVID-19 pandemic, the Hong Kong experimental music scene has been impacted by the global health crisis and the social restrictions it has imposed on its actors. Using insights from three active local experimental music musicians and event organizers, it argues that three main tendencies are currently at play in the scene: adaptation, internationalization and extinction. It concludes that while the COVID-19 pandemic has allowed some actors the possibility to break down the relative isolation characteristic of the Hong Kong experimental music landscape, it appears to largely compound pre-existing structural issues within the scene.
A Public Opinion on Performance of Local-Self Government in Chennai

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The local self government means residence in town,village and the rural settlements are hosted in their hometown. The people elected the councils and their heads authorising them to solve the most important issues . The State Election Commission is an autonomous constitutional authority responsible for administering elections to the 3rd tier of governance i.e. the Local Self Government, which includes the Panchayati Raj Institutions and the Urban Local Bodies. Article 243 of Indian constitution says the definition Panchayat and 243p says the definition of municipality and in the absence of any Panchayats or Municipalities, institutions of self-government. At present TamilNadu has 38 districts. The study is Empirical in nature , and is used to study the perspective of the research. Questionnaires were used and sent to people via google forms and the sample size is 202. Convenience sampling method is being adopted in the study to collect the data. Samples were collected from General public specifically from the Chennai region. The Independent variables are Gender, Age, Educational Qualification, Marital Status, Occupation. The researcher used graphs to analyze the data collected. The Dependent variables are: The local self government properly supplies pure drinking water to the people and The local self government is properly cleaning the public streets,place and sewers. The local bodies are responsible for the pre-schools ,primary Health care, street lights, roads , cleaning etc,. The local bodies are not doing their work properly and they do not care about the problems faced by people . The candidates who are eligible to elect the local bodies, think twice and register your vote. The government should create more awareness about schemes and policies in rural areas . The government should conduct a legal camp regarding the legal rights of a person
Simultaneous measurement of quercetin content and kaempferol content in Phyllanthus emblica leaf based on HPLC

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Objective To estsblish the HPLC method for simultaneous measurement of quercetin content and kaempferol content in Phyllanthus emblica leaf. Methods Chromatographic column:Thermo Hypersil BDS C18(4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm);gradient elution mobile phase:acetonitrile-0.1% phosphoric acid solution;flow rate:1.0 ml/min;measurement wavelength:370 nm;column temperature:30℃;injection volume:20 μl. Results Quercetin and kaempferol had good linear relation within the range of 0.003-0.06 μg/μl(r=0.9995) and 0.001015-0.0203 μg/μl(r=0.9993) respectively,with average recovery rate(n=6) of 98.83%(RSD=2.73%) and 101.58%(RSD=2.21%) respectively. Conclusion The study is established the method for simultaneous measurement of quercetin content and kaempferol content,which helps further improvement of the quality control system for Phyllanthus emblica leaf.
CARCINOMA OF THE PROSTATE

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In an editorial1published inThe Journalin July 1942 I was quoted—and quoted correctly—as stating that of all cases diagnosed as carcinoma of the prostate in the Brady Urological Institute the radical operation was carried out in approximately 5 per cent. This question was raised in a discussion at a meeting of the New England branch of the American Urological Association, and without any available figures, in a desire to be conservative, I gave my impression that about 5 per cent of all cases of carcinoma of the prostate seen in any clinic would be found suitable for the radical operation.2 The publication of the aforementioned editorial, and particularly my statement, which was given purely as an impression and without the background of any statistical data, led me to make a study with as thorough a follow-up as possible to determine the end results of all cases
A Conceptual Framework For Structuring An IT Organization

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Organizational efficiency and effectiveness result from aligning organizational needs and IT. Consequently, the structure of an IT Organization is crucial for obtaining good results, particularly in product and service delivery. However, in spite of the importance that IT Organization might have, no relevant documentation about its structure is found. As a result, using the Portuguese Navy as a case study to the design research, this paper aims at reviewing the main related research work and proposes a conceptual framework for structuring an IT organization. Through the proposed framework, it is possible to rationally structure an IT organization and, thus, contribute to the research in this area.
Earth’s Magnetic Field Detection in the Course of Plant Growth

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Chickpea seeds put in a plastic container of a size enough for the seeds to grow without hindered by the container walls were kept under control. The container contained water in it at a level enough to cover the upper parts of the seeds, serving as an experimental group, but another container like that was taken as a control group with water in it not enough to cover the entire surface of the seeds. The containers were fixed in static state and the stem parts of the growing seeds were allowed to grow towards window out of the containers so that, the seeds’ root parts were not moved by the changing position of stems. The stem and root (known as “primary” roots) grew in opposite directions, the latter being in water and along the floor of the container. After some times the secondary fibrous roots, being appeared, were, as if, combed towards a direction, which compared to a compass needle, turned out to be the north pole of earth’s magnetic field. But, the phenomenon never happened with the secondary roots touching the water surface in the control group, where the fibres are thought to be affected more than those of the experimental group by the gravitational force.So, the process observed testify the hypothetical idea on the detection possibility of the earth’s magnetic field by living systems.
Umbilical and middle cerebral artery blood velocimetry: relationship with placental volume.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

PI in the umbilical artery (PIUA) correlated significantly negatively with placental volume, whereas no significant correlation was found for the PI in the middle cerebral artery (PIMCA) and placental volume. Middle cerebral artery to umbilical artery PI ratio (PIMCA/PIUA ratio) showed significant positive correlation with placental volume. PIUA showed significant negative correlation with the relative volume of placenta (expressed as multiple of median for the actual gestational age) before 25 weeks of gestation and weak positive correlation with the relative volume of placenta after 25 weeks of gestation. PIMCA showed weak negative correlation with the relative volume of the placenta after 25 weeks of gestation and no correlation before 25 weeks. PIMCA/PIUA ratio showed significant positive correlation with relative placental volume before 25 weeks and significant negative correlation with relative placental volume after 25 weeks.
Large-eddy-model closure and simulation of turbulent flux patterns over oasis surface

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract. Large-eddy simulations (LESs) have been increasingly used for studying atmosphere and land surface interactions over heterogeneous areas. However, parameterizations based on Monin–Obukhov Similarity Theory (MOST) often violate the basic assumptions of the very theory, generate inconsistencies with the LES turbulence closures, and produce surface flux estimates depending on LES model resolutions. Here, we propose a novel scheme for turbulent flux estimates in LES models. It computes the fluxes locally using the LES subgrid closure, which is then constrained on the macroscopic scale using MOST. Compared with several other schemes, the new scheme performs better for the various types of land surfaces tested. We validate our scheme by comparing surface flux estimates with field measurements obtained over an oasis surface at various height levels. Additionally, we scrutinize other quantities related to the surface energy balance, including net radiation, ground heat flux, and surface skin temperature, all of which align well with observational data. Our sensitivity experiments, focusing on model horizontal resolution, underscore the robustness of our scheme, as it maintains its corrective efficacy despite changes in horizontal grid spacing. We find that the macroscopic constraint imposed by MOST on LES-estimated fluxes strengthens as the horizontal grid spacing decreases, with a more pronounced influence on sensible than latent heat fluxes. These findings collectively highlight the promise and adaptability of our scheme for improved surface flux estimates in LES models.
Reverse Gender Gap in STEM Disciplines at Qatar University: The Impact of Family Influence and Educational Support

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract In recent decades, the field of STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) has become a topic of significant interest worldwide. Yet, one of the key concerns in this area is a considerable gender disparity in the number of enrolled students. Accordingly, in the present study, we investigate enrollment patterns and gender distribution across various STEM disciplines at Qatar University. Our specific focus is on undergraduate students in three academic years—namely, 2011–2012, 2019–2020, and 2021–2022, which were chosen because of the changes in student enrollment numbers caused by amendments in the university policies over these years. Using quantitative data analysis, we analyze enrollment trends and compare the representation of male and female students in specific STEM programs. The findings reveal a reversed gender gap in STEM fields at Qatar University. Although cultural norms in Qatar shape career choices by imposing distinct expectations on men and women, the influence and support of families and school teachers play a crucial role in shaping women's attitudes toward and representation in STEM fields. Taken together, the results of this study contribute to the broader discourse on gender equity in higher education.
Komunikologia – zarys teoretyczny i problemy praktyczne w świetle kształcenia kompetencji komunikacyjnych

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Communicology – theoretical overview and practical problems, in the light of teaching of communication skills The article discusses communicology, a research discipline that has been gaining increasing popularity lately, both among scholars specializing in the problems of human communication (psychologists, philosophers, linguists), and among rhetoric and auto presentation coaches and trainers. The first part of the paper presents problems related to the definition of the term communicology, and gives a wider description of two models of communication: the code and the orchestral model. This part also introduces the axioms of communication proposed by the scholars of the Palo Alto school (Paul Watzlawick, Janet Beavin, and Don Jackson), as they are the foundation of the modern, pragmatic approach to communication as a feedback process in which the role of the receiver is no less important than that of the sender. The second part of the paper focuses on selected problems related to teaching of practical communication skills. It discusses the questions of communicative competence (as understood by Dell Hymes), non-verbal communication, development of assertiveness and empathy, and also the problem of communicative effectiveness and of the purpose of perfecting communicative skills (interpreted from the point of view of the ritual communication model of James Carey and Eric Rothenbuhler).
Examining the Synergism of Cerium Oxide Nanoparticle – Andrographolide Conjugate and Studying its Potential Role Towards Antioxidative Therapeutics

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Increased oxidative stress in metabolic disorders has revealed promising alternatives for antioxidative therapeutics. Herein, we present synthesis and evaluations of Cerium oxide nanoparticles (CNPs) conjugated with Andrographolide (Ad-CNP). Characterization revealed a uniform particle size of 106 nm for bare CNP and 120 nm for Ad-CNP conjugates. UV-visible spectroscopy showed an absorbance peak at 230nm, indicating a high Ce³⁺/Ce⁴⁺ oxidation state. X-ray diffraction confirmed a pure cubic fluorite structure with a polycrystalline nature with peaks at 111, 200, 220, and 311. In terms of reactive oxygen species scavenging, bare CNPs demonstrated Catalase mimetic activity of 41.5%, whereas the Ad-CNP conjugates showed 47% scavenging activity. The Superoxide Dismutase mimetic activity was significantly increased due to synergy up to 77% of Ad-CNP whereas bare CNPs showed 57% activity. The CNPs exhibited notable antibacterial efficacy, diminishing microbial proliferation by 69% for bare CNPs and 82% for Ad-CNP. Biocompatibility testing with human skin keratinocytes validated the safety of the nanoparticles, and anti-inflammatory assays indicated decreased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α. The synergistic combination of CNPs with Andrographolide demonstrated significant potential as a potent antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory agent, making it a prospective candidate for antioxidative therapeutic research aimed at diminishing oxidative stress.