jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Influence of ring size on the outcome of sulfide contraction reactions with thiolactams. Isolation of bicyclic ketene S,N-acetals and thioisomünchnones

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Reaction between diethyl bromomalonate and 3-phenylpyrrolidine-2-thione yielded a vinylogous urethane by the Eschenmoser sulfide contraction. However, with 3-substituted piperidine-2-thiones, sulfur was retained in the products, and a range of bicyclic heterocycles, including bicyclic ketene S,N-acetals (2-alkylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-ones) and stable thioisomünchnones, was isolated. A novel dimeric ketene S,N-acetal was characterised by X-ray crystallography.
Enhancement of Open‐Circuit Voltage by Using the 58‐π Silylmethyl Fullerenes in Small‐Molecule Organic Solar Cells

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The application of 58‐π‐1,4‐bis(silylmethyl)[60]fullerenes, C 60 (CH 2 SiMe 2 Ph)(CH 2 SiMe 2 Ar) (Ar=Ph and 2‐methoxylphenyl for SIMEF‐1 and SIMEF‐2, respectively), in small‐molecule organic solar cells with a diketopyrrolopyrrole donor (3,6‐bis[5‐(benzofuran‐2‐yl)thiophen‐2‐yl]‐2,5‐bis(2‐ethylhexyl)pyrrolo[3,4‐ c ]pyrrole‐1,4‐dione (DPP(TBFu) 2 )) is demonstrated. With the 58‐π‐silylmethyl fullerene acceptor, SIMEF‐1, the devices showed the highest efficiency of 4.57 % with an average of 4.10 %. They manifested an improved open‐circuit voltage (1.03 V) owing to the high‐lying LUMO level of SIMEF‐1, while maintaining a high short‐circuit density (9.91 mA cm −2 ) through controlling the crystallinity of DPP by thermal treatment. On the other hand, despite even higher open‐circuit voltage (1.05 V), SIMEF‐2‐based devices showed lower performances of 3.53 %, owing to a low short‐circuit current density (8.33 mA cm −2 ) and fill factor (0.40) arising from the asymmetric structure, which results in a lower mobility and immiscibility.
An evaluation of auditory feedback for students of dance: Effects of giving and receiving feedback

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract The purpose of this study was to evaluate auditory feedback for dance students on a competition team in which one peer provided auditory feedback to another peer for a selected dance movement. Some peers switched roles during the study, and increases in their performances were evaluated both as the receiver and deliverer of auditory feedback. All participants demonstrated increases in their respective target behaviors when they received auditory feedback. Several participants also displayed increases in their movements when they provided auditory feedback to their peer partner, although these increases were not as substantial as those who received feedback.
Referendum Politics in Asia

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Research Article| July 01 1986 Referendum Politics in Asia Thomas B. Smith Thomas B. Smith Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Far Eastern Survey (1957) 26 (7): 793–814. https://doi.org/10.2307/2644212 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Thomas B. Smith; Referendum Politics in Asia. Far Eastern Survey 1 July 1957; 26 (7): 793–814. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/2644212 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAsian Survey Search This content is only available via PDF. Copyright 1986 The Regents of the University of California Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Imagery or Principles of the Pacific? An Investigation into Architecture in Samoa

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

It is not without irony that in Apia, Western Samoa’s capital, architecture became more “westernised” since Samoa gained independence in 1962. In these decades, architecture has tended towards a ubiquitous modernism without reflection of regional culture. On the other hand, architects have used the fale, the Samoan house, as a superficial image added to buildings. The former Government Building on Beach Road represented this attitude, with a fale-formed structure on top of an otherwise strictly modernist office building. When European explorers discovered the Pacific Islands to European eyes, they shaped an enduring image of the South Seas as a paradisiac region. Such a view persisted in the literature well into the twentieth century. The Samoan fale in its functionality and beauty seemed to carry aspects of this image. Taking into account the complex, even contradictory, reality of architecture in Samoa, with the tufuga faifale’s exclusive tradition of building the fale tele, with customary fale buildings diverging from the traditional form and with foreign architects responding to the appearance and climatic functionality of the fale, this paper attempts to read more recent buildings against examples of colonial architecture from the turn of the twentieth century, investigating how foreign architects used the appearance or the climatic functionality of the fale to inform their architecture in Samoa. The hypothesis of this paper is that colonial architecture, while not interested in the image of the fale, adopted some of its functional principles, whereas its imagability tended to replace its principles in the construction of more recent buildings.
TAM Perception of Teachers to Students' Learning Outcomes in Table Tennis Lesson

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The development of science and technology is increasingly rapid and penetrates into all aspects of life. One of the efforts to utilize technology is to use a variety of existing technologies in maximizing ongoing learning such as in PJOK learning (physical education, sports, and health). The purpose of this study is to analyse of teaching staff or teachers in order to maximize technology in teaching and learning activities, so that physical education, sports and health can run optimally. The sampling technique used in this study was purposive sampling with total of 42 teachers. This research uses (mixed method) with explanatory design. The instrument of this study used a learning outcome question sheet and an observation sheet. The results of this study are teachers of PJOK subjects are more dominant with good categories based on gender, namely male teachers are superior and based on the range of years of service, namely teachers with a work period of 1-8 years are superior and the technology acceptance model (TAM) on teachers has an influence which is significant to student learning outcomes on the material of table tennis sports. Then the technology that continues to develop provides convenience in teaching and learning activities for physical education, sports and health lessons.
Prenatal diagnosis of propionic acidemia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Prenatal diagnosis of a fetus with propionic acidemia has been accomplished by the detection of methylcitrate, a unique metabolite, in the amniotic fluid by liquid partition chromatography and gas chromatographymass spectrometry. The diagnosis was confirmed by demonstration of deficient activity of propionyl-CoA carboxylase in cells cultured from the amniotic fluid and in fetal tissues. In two subsequent pregnancies, methylcitrate was not present in amniotic fluid. Enzyme assay indicated that one fetus was heterozygous and the other was normal, and healthy infants were born at term. The analysis of organic acids in amniotic fluid permits very rapid prenatal diagnosis, usually within 48 hours after obtaining the fluid. It may provide a general method in conditions in which an unusual metabolite can be identified. (JAMA242:1048-1052, 1979)
Deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism in the Chinese population.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism is a well-recognised major health problem in the West. There is a deep-rooted belief among clinicians that deep vein thrombosis is rare in Asians, particularly in the Chinese population. However, it appears that the incidence of venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism is increasing in Chinese patients. Prophylaxis reduces the incidence of venous thrombosis by 66% and of pulmonary embolism by 50%--- prophylaxis should therefore be considered for Chinese patients who have a high risk of developing postoperative deep vein thrombosis. This report reviews the current literature on this subject.
Compassionate Self-Care in Loss and Grief

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

End-of-life care professionals face a multitude of demands in their daily work, complicated by frequent experiences of patient death and ensuing grief. The resulting stress and burnout adversely affect both quality of patient care and quality of caregiver health. Mindful Compassion Art-based Therapy (MCAT) was developed as a structured, multimodal, group-based intervention for reducing stress and enhancing resilience in EoL care professionals through the reflective power of mindfulness meditation and the expressive power of art-making. Findings from a randomized control trial with EoL care professionals demonstrate the effectiveness, acceptability, and feasibility of MCAT for augmenting clinical supervision and bolstering self-care practices.
L’URSS dentro e fuori

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

From the 1920s onwards, the Soviet Union became a favourite destination for Italian writers, travellers who took it upon themselves to interpret and present the new Soviet world to Italian readers by sending articles to newspapers and magazines, most of which were later published as monographs. The present study aims to investigate the reasons that drove so many intellectuals to visit Russia and the Soviet territories after the October. Through references to historical and political ideologies that may have influenced the writers’ interpretations, the reconstruction of travel conditions and individual approaches to Soviet life, the study focuses on Italian intellectuals’ views on the USSR and the particular value that the reportages had in the construction of the image of the Soviet world in the Italian reality.
Draft Genome Sequence of Pedobacter sp. Strain NL19, a Producer of Potent Antibacterial Compounds

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Here, we report the draft genome sequence of Pedobacter sp. strain NL19. The genome has 5.99 Mbp and a G+C content of 39.0%. NL19 was isolated from sludge from an abandoned uranium mine in the north of Portugal, and it produces potent antibacterials against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
Effects of reduction in working hours on a model with job creation and job destruction

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Abstract\n This paper shows how, with certain modifications to a standard real business cycle (RBC) model, and with certain qualified responses in the short and long term, a policy of reduction in the number of working hours can have positive effects on activity and employment. The modifications required to bring about these results include the specification of the working day, the existence of the creation and destruction of employment and a differentiation between inactivity and unemployment. \nResults reveal that any measures taken to reduce the number of working hours must take into consideration the productivity levels of working hours, to thus ensure that the consequences of such a policy are positive not only for employment but also in all other macroeconomic variables.
Multistep molecular and macromolecular assembly for the creation of complex nanostructures

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

In this short review, we provide an overview of multistep molecular and macromolecular assembly in syntheses of higher-order structures that are unobtainable under thermodynamic control. As in the case of organic/macromolecular chemistry, a synthetic scheme is designed such that a series of assembly processes eventually leads to a complex structure. The recent progress in this research field has been made based on the mechanistic understandings from viewpoints of both thermodynamics and kinetics. We also describe relevant systems which make use of advanced experimental apparatuses such as optical tweezers, high-speed atomic force microscopy, and so on. The unprecedented structures obtainable in this way might play a pivotal role in bridging the hierarchical levels from the molecular scale to the macroscopic world, leading to new functional supramolecular materials.
Sincere Irony and Crafting Critique: Institutional Memory in Ursula Johnson’s Mi’kwite’tmn (Do You Remember)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This thesis is an examination of the exhibition by contemporary artist Ursula Johnson entitled Mi’kwite’tmn (Do You Remember) (2014-2018), through three sets of sometimes conflicting forces: history and memory, nostalgia and irony, and active and passive viewer participation. The exhibition is analyzed through Mi’kmaq Elder Albert Marshall’s philosophy of two eyed seeing, which seeks to blend together Indigenous knowledge systems and Western knowledge systems in a way that benefits both ways of thinking. This thesis begins by exploring the historical evolution of museums as sites which reinforce colonialism, and how Johnson utilizes public familiarity with these institutions through mimicry in order to draw attention to this aspect of institutional spaces. From there, I analyze Johnson’s use of parodic irony and reflective nostalgia through the embodiment of the Indigenous figure of the Trickster both as a form of healing from colonial violence, and looking toward a future of Indigenous cultural resurgence. The final section of this thesis examines the role of the Mi’kmaq worldview of Netukulimk in Mi’kwite’tmn (Do You Remember), examining how the focus on connection in Netukulimk is utilized through viewer participation throughout the exhibition. This thesis ultimately concludes that Ursula Johnson’s Mi’kwite’tmn (Do You Remember) functions as a site of imagining ways in which the colonial institutions of museums can instead be used as a tool for decolonization.
Dermatologists of San Francisco, 1870 to 1920

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

• Although there were relatively few dermatologists in the United States in the years 1870 to 1920, San Francisco was well represented by the nine dermatologists who were active in the city during that time. These included George J. Bucknall, Alfred E. Regensburger, Douglass W. Montgomery, Howard Morrow, Harry E. Alderson, George D. Culver, Ernest D. Chipman, Hiram E. Miller, and Lawrence R. Taussig. Seven were members of the American Dermatological Association, all but one were active academically, and several rose to great heights in their profession, community, and nation. (Arch Dermatol111:1377-1381, 1975)
International Financial Instability

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Abstract If the Montreal Protocol has been so successful in reducing the production and use of ozone‐depleting substances, why cannot an effective treaty to control greenhouse gas emissions be put into place? Barrett's examination of this issue reveals two findings. First, the underlying economics of addressing climate change and ozone depletion are different. A study that guided policymakers at an early stage of ozone negotiations found that the costs of reducing ozone‐depleting substances were small relative to the benefits. In contrast, the best studies available today suggest that the costs of reducing greenhouse gas emissions by a substantial amount match or exceed the benefits only slightly. Second, Barrett argues that in the absence of a central global authority, international treaties must be self‐enforcing or must include credible incentives for compliance and disincentives to discourage noncompliance. Thus, the Montreal Protocol, while effective, cannot simply be redrafted to address the climate change problem. Rather, reducing greenhouse gases poses new challenges for burden‐sharing and effective implementation.
Motivating language learners : a classroom-orientated investigation of teachers' motivational practices and students' motivation

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The teachers' use of motivational strategies is generally believed to enhance student motivation, yet there is scant empirical evidence to support this claim. This classroom-oriented investigation focused on how the motivational practices of EFL teachers in South Korea related to students' L2 motivation and motivated classroom behavior. In a first phase, the motivation of over 1,300 students was measured by a self-report questionnaire, and the use of motivational strategies by 27 teachers in 20 different schools was examined with a classroom observation instrument specifically developed for this investigation, the Motivation Orientation of Language Teaching (MOLT). The MOLT scheme, along with a post hoc rating scale completed by the observer, was used to assess the teachers' use of motivational strategies. The MOLT follows the real-time coding principle of Spada and Frohlich's (1995) Communication Orientation of Language Teaching (COLT) scheme but uses categories of observable teacher behaviors derived from Dornyei's (2001) motivational strategies framework for foreign language classrooms. The results indicate that the language teachers' motivational practice is directly linked to increased levels of the learners' motivated learning behavior and their motivational state. In a second phase, three high- and three low-motivation learner groups (selected from the initial sample) were compared in order to uncover the students' interpretations and understandings of the quality of their L2 instructional contexts in relation to their motivation and motivated classroom behavior. Results based on quantitative and qualitative data (which were obtained using three new instruments specifically designed for this study) indicated that the motivational practices coexisting with different levels of motivation were woven into the contents and processes of L2 instruction and instruction in general. These contents and processes seemed to stem from teachers' and students' beliefs about what counts as learning in the L2 classroom and what is the best way to learn an L2.
Methods for the isolation and identification of Listeria spp. and Listeria monocytogenes: a review.

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Listeria monocytogenes is an important food-borne pathogen and is widely tested for in food, environmental and clinical samples. Identification traditionally involved culture methods based on selective enrichment and plating followed by the characterization of Listeria spp. based on colony morphology, sugar fermentation and haemolytic properties. These methods are the gold standard; but they are lengthy and may not be suitable for testing of foods with short shelf lives. As a result more rapid tests were developed based on antibodies (ELISA) or molecular techniques (PCR or DNA hybridization). While these tests possess equal sensitivity, they are rapid and allow testing to be completed within 48 h. More recently, molecular methods were developed that target RNA rather than DNA, such as RT-PCR, real time PCR or nucleic acid based sequence amplification (NASBA). These tests not only provide a measure of cell viability but they can also be used for quantitative analysis. In addition, a variety of tests are available for sub-species characterization, which are particularly useful in epidemiological investigations. Early typing methods differentiated isolates based on phenotypic markers, such as multilocus enzyme electrophoresis, phage typing and serotyping. These phenotypic typing methods are being replaced by molecular tests, which reflect genetic relationships between isolates and are more accurate. These new methods are currently mainly used in research but their considerable potential for routine testing in the future cannot be overlooked.
[Clinical experiences of bronchopleural fistula-related fatal hemoptysis after the resection of lung cancer: a report of 7 cases].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Bronchovascular ﬁstula (BVF) caused by bronchopleural fistula (BPF) is the mechanism for massive hemoptysis. Diabetes is a high risk factor. Early diagnosis and surgical treatment of BPF or BVF can prevent the occurrence of death as a result of massive hemoptysis.
Neural aspects of prostaglandin involvement in gastric mucosal defense.

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

In rats, central vagal stimulation by thyrotropin-releasing hormone protects against ethanol-induced gastric damage by muscarinic release of prostaglandins. In contrast, gastroprotection following capsaicin-induced stimulation of afferent neurons is prostaglandin-independent. Capsaicin-evoked protection is abolished by blockade of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) receptors and inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) synthase. Various peptides including gastrin 17, cholecystokinin octapeptide, thyrotropin-releasing hormone, bombesin, corticotropin-releasing factor, epidermal growth factor, peptide YY, neurokinin A analogs and intragastric peptone exert gastroprotection that is abolished by afferent nerve denervation, blockade of CGRP receptors and inhibition of NO synthase. Indomethacin attenuates the protection of some peptides but has no effect with others. The hyperemic response to peptides is mediated by the afferent nerve/CGRP/NO system without contribution of prostaglandins. Furthermore, it was shown that NKA analogs exert afferent nerve-, CGRP- and NO-dependent gastroprotection in the face of substantial reduction of gastric mucosal blood flow indicating that gastroprotection is not necessarily mediated by mucosal hyperemia. In the rat stomach with functioning afferent nerves neither selective inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 nor COX-2 is ulcerogenic and only simultaneous inhibition of both COX isoenzymes induees mucosal lesions. In the face of pending injury such as intragastric acid a COX-1 inhibitor evokes dose-dependent damage whereas COX-2 inhibitors are not injurious as long as the function of afferent nerves is not impaired. After afferent nerve denervation, however, COX-2 inhibitors or dexamethasone which suppresses the acid-induced up-regulation of COX-2 are highly ulcerogenic. In conclusion, release of prostaglandins following nerve stimulation can mediate protective effects under certain conditions but is not a prerequisite for neurally mediated mucosal defense. Prostaglandins are of particular importance for the maintenance of gastric mucosal integrity when neuronal defense mechanisms are impaired.
Block LU factorization of M-matrices

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

It is well known that any nonsingular M-matrix admits an LU factorization into M-matrices (with L and U lower and upper triangular respectively) and any singular M-matrix is permutation similar to an M-matrix which admits an LU factorization into M-matrices. Varga and Cai establish necessary and sufficient conditions for a singular M-matrix (without permutation) to allow an LU factorization with L nonsingular. We generalize these results in two directions. First, we find necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of an LU factorization of a singular M-matrix where L and U are both permitted to be singular. Second, we establish the minimal block structure that a block LU factorization of a singular M-matrix can have when L and U are M-matrices.