jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Subpopulations of Macrophages within Eutopic Endometrium of Endometriosis Patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Problem Endometriosis is recognized as a chronic inflammatory disease and is related to immune response. There have been reports that revealed the different distribution of macrophage within the eutopic endometrium of women with endometriosis. Macrophages are functionally polarized into M1 and M2 cell lineages. We studied a difference in the subpopulations of M1 and M2 macrophages within the eutopic endometrium in patients with or without endometriosis to investigate how the eutopic endometrium is stimulated immunologically. Method of study Thirty‐six patients with endometriosis (endometriosis group) and 37 without endometriosis (non‐endometriosis group) were analyzed. Paraffin‐embedded endometrial specimens were used for the study. Consecutive sections were used for immunostaining of CD 68 (pan‐macrophage marker) and CD 163 (M2 macrophage marker). Cells positive for each marker were quantified, and the ratio of M2 macrophages in pan‐macrophages was calculated. Result The endometriosis group had a significantly higher number of pan‐macrophages than the control group in all phases ( P < 0.05). The ratios of M2 macrophages in pan‐macrophages were significantly lower in all phases in the endometriosis group ( P < 0.05). Conclusion The macrophage population slants toward M1 in the endometrium of endometriosis patients. The endometrium appeared to be stimulated by some organelles and/or substances that induce M1 in endometriosis patients.
End-of-Life Experiences (ELEs) of Spiritual Nature Are Reported Directly by Patients Receiving Palliative Care in a Highly Secular Country: A Qualitative Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Patients with life-threatening diseases have reportedly end-of-life experiences that are perceived positively. Loved ones and healthcare personnel may mistakenly interpret the phenomena as confusion and patients can be reluctant to talk about it due to fear of ridicule. Studies addressing patients directly are scarce and there is a lack of studies from highly secular countries. The aim was to establish whether end-of-life experiences are present among patients, oriented in time, place and person and receiving palliative end-of-life care in one of the world's most secular countries. If present, examine the content and patients’ subjective experiences. Design: Qualitative design with semi-structured, in-depth interviews. 25 participants, receiving end-of-life palliative care at home or in a hospice inpatient unit. Results: Patients were interviewed on 1-3 consecutive occasions. 16/25 patients reported end-of-life experiences of which the majority were perceived to be positive. Four themes were identified: vivid dreams while asleep, experiences while awake, references to medical circumstances and communication about end-of-life experiences. Prevalent content was deceased and living loved ones and journeys. Some patients distinguished between hallucinations/nightmares and end-of-life experiences. Conclusions: End-of-life experiences are present among oriented patients in a highly secular country and can have a profound positive impact, which warrants clinical attention. Education for healthcare personnel about end-of-life experiences is needed in order to support patients and loved ones and not mistakenly medicalize. Further directions for research could be to study the experiences of the phenomenon among health care personnel in the same context, which could strengthen the present findings.
Correspondence Analysis for the Questionnaire Investigation on Rare Sugars

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

The Rare Sugars exist naturally and have many kinds (more than 50). They have good effect for health such as prevention of increasing a blood-sugar level after eating, suppression of fat accumulation, suppression of increasing the blood pressure, and antioxidative effect etc. It is in the spotlight for many people especially for those who are in the metabolic syndrome. There are few related papers concerning the marketing research and its utilization of this matter. In this paper, a questionnaire investigation is executed in order to clarify consumers’ current condition and their consciousness, and to seek the possibility of utilizing the rare sugars. Correspondence Analysis was executed based on that. 5 clusters could be confirmed in the “Common part + Positive part” analysis. We could also confirm 3 clusters in the “Common part + Negative part” analysis. We could grasp the relation among questions group on the whole.
IMPLEMENTASI PROBLEM BASED LEARNING DENGAN STRATEGI READING GUIDE UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PEMAHAMAN KONSEP FISIKA SISWA

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study aims to obtain information on the improvement of conceptual understanding and the students' cognitive learning outcomes completeness through the application of Problem-Based Learning (PBL) with a reading guide strategy in the elasticity material at SMAN 2 Sumber Barito. This study uses a descriptive method. The instruments used include a conceptual understanding test administered at the beginning and end of each meeting, as well as a cognitive learning outcome test administered at the end of all meetings. The research sample consists of 42 students from class XI IPA. The results reveal that students' conceptual understanding of the elasticity material experienced a significant improvement, with an overall N-Gain score percentage of 61% in the medium category. The students' cognitive learning outcomes completeness classically reached 80.95%, with 34 students achieving individual learning completeness. ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh informasi mengenai peningkatan pemahaman konsep dan ketuntasan hasil belajar kognitif siswa melalui penerapan Problem Based Learning dengan strategi reading guide di SMAN 2 Sumber Barito pada materi elastisitas. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif. Instrumen yang digunakan meliputi tes pemahaman konsep yang diujikan pada awal dan akhir setiap pertemuan, serta tes hasil belajar kognitif yang diujikan pada akhir seluruh pertemuan. Sampel penelitian ini sebanyak 42 siswa kelas XI IPA. Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa pemahaman konsep siswa pada materi elastisitas mengalami peningkatan yang signifikan, dengan persentase skor N-Gain sebesar 61% dalam kategori sedang. Ketuntasan hasil belajar kognitif siswa secara klasikal mencapai 80.95%, dengan 34 siswa mencapai ketuntasan belajar secara individu.
Ejector refrigeration systems for waste heat recovery applications: effects of condensation on performance.

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

As worldwide electricity demand increases and stresses electricity grids to the point of collapse, energy-saving devices have assumed increasing importance. Waste heat recovery systems are currently being considered for applications in air conditioning and refrigeration, like the ejector-based chiller considered here. The key ejector component is a steady-state device with no moving parts, obviating the need for lubricating oils, maintenance, or expensive repairs. An ejector-based chiller is constructed and experiments are conducted to demonstrate cooling over a range of conditions with a miniaturized ejector. It has been hypothesized that the occurrence of condensation at some operational conditions can be used to passively enhance momentum transfer and reduce losses within the ejector. This study experimentally determines the effect of flow condensation on ejector performance and, with analytical treatments of the expected degree of condensation within the ejector itself, uses this information to provide guidance on achieving maximum ejector efficiency and system COP.
Hydrodynamics of Borromean Counterfluids

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Counterflow superfluidity in a system with N≥3 components is distinctively different from the N=2 case. The key feature is the difference between the number (N) of elementary vortex excitations and the number (N-1) of independent branches of phonon modes, that is, the number of superfluid modes is larger than the number of ordered phase variables. We formulate a hydrodynamic theory of this state. We show how all the dynamical and statistical aspects of this ("Borromean") type of ordering are naturally described by effective N-component theory featuring compact-gauge invariance. We also discuss how off diagonal intercomponent couplings convert the Borromean supercounterfluid into a Borromean insulator, with an emphasis on the properties of a nontrivial state with broken time-reversal symmetry.
Linkage and mutation analysis of Thomsen and Becker myotonia families

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Thomsen (autosomal dominant) and Becker (autosomal recessive) myotonias are characterized by the inability for muscle relaxation after voluntary, mechanical, or electrical stimulation. Families with both diseases have been linked to the skeletal muscle chloride channel (CLC1) on chromosome 7q35; however, only 2 gene mutations have been identified, and the reasons underlying the alternative dominant or recessive inheritance are not clear. We used linkage analysis and SSCP of 23 exons to screen 8 families (56 individuals) and 7 isolated cases with the diagnosis of Thomsen/Becker myotonia. A novel mutation (1290M) in exon 8 was detected in a family with Thomsen disease. Three additional families showed the previously described G230E change. Thus, chloride channel mutations could be identified in 4/5 families showing dominant inheritance. We were able to exclude linkage to the CLC1 gene in the fifth family. In patients with recessive Becker disease, an isolated case had two unique conformers, one causing a novel A437T change in exon 12. We also identified the previously reported F413C change in a second family. We found significant differences in the clinical picture between families with different mutations but also in families with the same mutation. Our data indicates that DNA studies are critical formore » correct diagnosis of the myotonias.« less
#swineflu: The Use of Twitter as an Early Warning and Risk Communication Tool in the 2009 Swine Flu Pandemic

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The need to improve population monitoring and enhance surveillance of infectious diseases has never been more pressing. Factors such as air travel act as a catalyst in the spread of new and existing viruses. The unprecedented user-generated activity on social networks over the last few years has created real-time streams of personal data that provide an invaluable tool for monitoring and sampling large populations. Epidemic intelligence relies on constant monitoring of online media sources for early warning, detection, and rapid response; however, the real-time information available in social networks provides a new paradigm for the early warning function.
Isoforms of elongation factor eEF1A may be differently regulated at post-transcriptional level in breast cancer progression

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1A exists as two 98 % homologous isoforms: eEF1A1 (A1) and eEF1A2 (A2) which are tissue and development specific. Despite high homology in an open reading frame (ORF) region, mRNAs coding for eEF1A1 and eEF1A2 are different in their untranslated regions (UTR), suggesting a possibility of their dissimilar post-transcriptional regulation. Aim. To analyze the existence of cis-acting motifs in the UTRs of EEF1A1/A2 mRNAs, to confirm the possibility of post-transcriptional control of eEF1A1 and eEF1A2 expression. Methods. An ensemble of bioinformatic methods was applied to predict regulatory motifs in the UTRs of EEF1A1/A2 mRNAs. Dual-luciferase reporter assay was employed to detect post-transcriptional regulation of eEF1A1/A2 expression. Results. Numerous regulatory motifs in the UTR of EEF1A1/A2 mRNAs were found bioinformatically. The experimental evidence was obtained for the existence of negative regulation of EEF1A1 and positive regulation of EEF1A2 mRNA in the model of breast cancer development. Conclusions. EEF1A1 and EEF1A2 mRNAs contain distinct motifs in the UTRs and are differently regulated in cancer suggesting the possibility of their control by different cellular signals.
Assessment of Neuromuscular Fatigue 24 Hours After a Futsal Simulated Protocol in University Athletes

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

International Journal of Exercise Science 16(1): 205-216, 2023. The purpose of this study was to identify changes in neuromuscular performance variables evaluated through the countermovement jump test before and after (0 hours, after session and 24h post) of a simulated futsal protocol in young university female athletes. Fourteen eumenorrheic, healthy and experienced female futsal players were randomly assigned to an intervention group n = 7) or a control group (n = 7). Both groups performed three countermovement jumps before and after the protocol using an inertial system device. The intervention group completed a short-term functional agility and fatigue protocol that simulated the characteristics of futsal, while the control group did not perform any exercise. The results showed a reduction in peak flight time (p = 0.049; d = 0.586), peak concentric work (p = 0.03; d = 1.819) and peak maximum force (p = 0.02; d = 0.782) comparing experimental and control group. No changes in other variables examined were noted between conditions (p > 0.05). These findings indicate that the changes in neuromuscular performance variables, evaluated through a simulated protocol, are established as determinants in the definition of peripheral fatigue in futsal practitioners until 24 h after a demanding intervention.
An in Vitro Model for Investigation of Chemotherapeutic Agents in Leishmaniasis

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Clinically achievable concentrations of the three major antileishmanial drugs in use--pentavalent antimony, pentamidine, and amphotericin B--eliminated 90%--100% of the mammalian forms (amastigotes) of Leishmania tropica and Leishmania donovani from in vitro infected human monocyte-derived macrophages. This is apparently the first report of in vitro susceptibility of Leishmania to pentavalent antimony or to pentamidine. The insensitivity of insect forms (promastigotes) multiplying in cell-free media to thee drugs suggests that amastigotes are more sensitive than promastigotes to these antileishmanial agents. Alternatively, macrophages may concentrate or metabolize the drugs to increase their toxicity. In contrast, amphotericin B was toxic to both amastigotes and promastigotes. The sensitivities of Leishmania within human monocyte-derived macrophages in vitro to clinically achievable concentration of antileishmanial agents suggests that this model may be useful for investigation of mechanisms of sensitivity and resistance of antimicrobial agents against Leishmania.
Weakness of Will and Practical Judgement

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract A practical judgement is one which enjoys an internal, necessary relation to subsequent action or intention, and which can serve as a sufficient explanation of such action or intention. Does the phenomenon of weakness of will show that deliberation does not characteristically issue in such practical judgements? The author argues that the possibility of akrasia does not threaten the view that we make practical judgements, when the latter thesis is properly understood. Indeed, the author suggests that the alleged possibility of global akrasia actually supports the practical‐judgement model over what she considers its main rival, a kind of ‘Humean externalism’ about practical reason.
Mitochondrial Function in Cell Wall Glycoprotein Synthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae NCYC 625 (Wild Type) and [ rho 0 ] Mutants

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT We studied phosphopeptidomannans (PPMs) of two Saccharomyces cerevisiae NCYC 625 strains ( S. diastaticus ): a wild type strain grown aerobically, anaerobically, and in the presence of antimycin and a [ rho 0 ] mutant grown aerobically and anaerobically. The aerobic wild-type cultures were highly flocculent, but all others were weakly flocculent. Ligands implicated in flocculation of mutants or antimycin-treated cells were not aggregated as much by concanavalin A as were those of the wild type. The [ rho 0 ] mutants and antimycin-treated cells differ from the wild type in PPM composition and invertase, acid phosphatase, and glucoamylase activities. PPMs extracted from different cells differ in the protein but not in the glycosidic moiety. The PPMs were less stable in mitochondrion-deficient cells than in wild-type cells grown aerobically, and this difference may be attributable to defective mitochondrial function during cell wall synthesis. The reduced flocculation of cells grown in the presence of antimycin, under anaerobiosis, or carrying a [ rho 0 ] mutation may be the consequence of alterations of PPM structures which are the ligands of lectins, both involved in this cell-cell recognition phenomenon. These respiratory chain alterations also affect peripheral, biologically active glycoproteins such as extracellular enzymes and peripheral PPMs.
“Together We’re Strong:” Cross-Cultural Solidarity in Angie Cruz’s Dominicana

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In this article, I examine how Dominican American author Angie Cruz’s novel Dominicana (2019) uses the bildungsroman genre to point to cross-cultural solidarity, or different communities working in tandem, to contest hegemonic discourse. Cruz’s take on a bildungsroman has an interesting inflection that juxtaposes learning and unlearning in two different societies (Dominican and American) where lessons do not inform each other. Because Cruz's main protagonist Ana’s sense of Self develops alongside her civic engagement, I argue that it is useful to think of Dominicana as a feminist bildungsroman. Along with her brother-in-law César, Ana searches for change through relationality and intercultural empathy as vehicles toward larger community engagement that shares a common plight. Due to her peripheral positionality as an undocumented, non-English-speaking Person of Color in 1960s New York, she finds a location of identity within an alternative community of African American and white protestors, whose intersection is of class and political beliefs. My goal is not to overlook or minimize differences between groups, differences that have, at times, been contentious, but rather to emphasize that Cruz’s sense of belonging is guided by increased engagement in alternative communities that share in her alienation. Utilizing a theoretical lens grounded in the works of Jill Toliver Richardson, Rita Felski, and Amy Cummins and Myra Infante-Sheridan, I conclude that for Cruz, intercultural empathy and alternative communities are viable paths toward resisting the American national community that presents itself as an unattainable model of assimilation.
Effect of filling pressure on post-arc gap recovery of N2

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Experimental investigation of the effect of filling pressure on the post-arc dielectric recovery characteristics of nitrogen is reported in this paper. A half-cycle arc current duration of 540 μs followed by a 10 kV pulse with a rise rate of 150 V/μs is applied across the contact gap. The pulse is applied from 10 μs to 10 ms after the current zero. First, a free-burning arc is studied without any forced gas flow. The effect of the gap distance on the recovery process is studied by using two different inter-electrode gaps: 20 mm and 50 mm. The effect of arc current on the recovery process is investigated by using current amplitudes of 275 A and 425 A. Moreover, the effect of forced nitrogen flow near current zero is explored using two different arrangements: self-blast and puffer type. Four different nitrogen filling pressures are studied: 1, 20, 40, and 80 bar, the latter two being in the supercritical region. The experimental results show that, in the free-burning arc configuration, the breakdown voltage of the contact gap increases faster with the increase of the filling pressure. A gap of 50 mm recovers quicker than a 20 mm gap, whereas no strong current dependency is observed on the recovery characteristics in the investigated range. In the free-burning arc configuration, just after the current zero up to approximately 300 μs, the breakdown voltage at high filling pressure is found to be lower than at 1 bar. Forced gas flow, however, significantly enhances the dielectric recovery at a high filling pressure, also in the thermal phase.
Fluorogenic Selective and Differential Medium for Isolation of Enterobacter sakazakii

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT 4-Methylumbelliferyl-α- d -glucoside, the fluorogenic substrate of α-glucosidase, was used as a selective marker to develop a differential medium for Enterobacter sakazakii . This bacterium showed strong fluorogenic characteristics clearly distinguishable from other microorganisms. On the basis of reducing background noise, an optimum basal medium and nitrogen source were selected. Incubation conditions were optimized.
Is the Mechanics of Cell–Matrix Adhesion Amenable to Physical Modeling?

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Cell adhesion has been attracting the attention of physicists and materials scientists for the last fifteen years. The adhesion of cells to fibrous extracellular matrices, such as those found in the connective tissue in the dermis, is characterized by discrete, micrometer-sized domains of adhesion proteins (see Fig. 1). For biologists, delineating and understanding the rich set of mechanisms involved in cell adhesion is crucial. Many important processes in cells and their cycles are indeed triggered by adhesion. For instance, cells replicate their DNA, divide or differentiate only when they adhere [1]. A healthy (not cancerous) cell that cannot adhere commits suicide within a short time. This self-regulatory mechanism prevents sick or imperfect cells from invading and disrupting the entire organism. Adhesion is thus a key player inthe control of cell proliferation and differentiation, and in the response of the cell to soluble ligands such as hormones [2].
A Compact SIW Bandpass Filter with Double slit Complementary Split Ring Resonator

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this work, we present a substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) bandpass filter, based on the double-slit complementary split ring resonator (DS- CSRR), with compact size. By incorporating one unit cell of DS- CSRR on the upper side of SIW cavity, the proposed filter offers good performance.. The bandpass is centered at 8.3 GHz with the corresponding fractional bandwidth of 18parcent. The simulation results show that the filter has a a high selectivity, the insertion losses and return losses in passband are about 0.4dB and 20dB respectively. In the process, two symmetrical slots are inserted in the feed lines to achieve a good suppression level in the stopband. The dimensions of the proposed filter are 18x07mm 2 . The presented filter is suitable for telecommunications applications.