jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Priming, a Promising Practical Approach to Improve Seed Germination and Plant Growth in Saline Conditions

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Salinity as a major constrain of plant productivity affects growth and development at any stage of growth cycle. Under saline conditions, rapid and uniform germination of plants would be necessary to achieve enhanced quality and potential yield. In such situation, seed priming could be an important approach to increase plant germination, growth and consequently yield. Priming is defined as seed presowing in solutions that allow them to imbibe water to improve the first stage of germination; however, this prevents radical protrusion through seed coat. Seed priming improves establishment in many plant species, and include hydro-priming, osmo-priming, halo-priming, thermo-priming and hormo-priming. Overall, accelerated biochemical and physiological process such cell division and starch hydrolysis, induced Î±-amylase activity, greater germination rate, less Na+ and higher K+Â accumulation and induced antioxidative system might be some mechanisms for salinity tolerance in primed plants. Since shortage of water availability due to osmotic stress is the first phase in salt stress, so one of the major mechanisms for improved germination and growth in primed seeds is accelerated water imbibition under saline conditions. In this paper, different seed priming strategies are examined and comprised in different plants growing in saline conditions. Since different types of seed priming have positive effects on germination, emergence, growth, yield as well as biochemical traits and quality of plants, it seems that seed priming could be promising approach for improved salinity tolerance in future world with changed climate. More researches on detail of seed priming for each agent is needed for each plant.
By the patient, for the patient. Determining key quality of care measures for improving tracheostomy care.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Around 20,000 new tracheostomies are inserted annually in the UK. Quality of care may be measured by structure, process, outcome and patient experience. Our pilot work demonstrated the robust utility of quantitative quality indicators in measuring process (referral times, times to vocalisation and first oral intake) and outcome (patient safety incidents, lengths of stay). Our objectives were to further investigate qualitative and quantitative data that could describe thetracheostomised patient experience. Defining their baseline psychological wellbeing and the baseline satisfaction level with their care allows us to evaluate the impact of improvement programs. Following ethical approval and adoption onto the National Institute of Healthcare Research Portfolio, UK NHS Trusts were selected to participate, recruiting adult and paediatric patients with experience of tracheostomy. Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (HCAHPS) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) tools collected data, with a thematic analysis conducted to analyse free text entries. A total of 142 and 120 patients from 10 hospitals completed HADS and HCAHPS questionnaires respectively. Qualitative analysis identified themes focussed on oral intake and vocalisation. Tracheostomy patients demonstrated high levels of psychological distress: 98 (69.0%) were classified as having at least borderline anxiety or depression, with 36 (25.4%) meeting criteria for both anxiety and depression. There was a significant difference between HCAHPS ‘top box’ scores assigned to the tracheostomy-relevant questions between sites (p=0.01) indicating varying satisfaction with care. Our baseline data demonstrates that whilst psychological distress is prevalent, tracheostomy patients generally report positive experiences about their care, although the highest satisfaction scores are achieved in less than half of all categories. These metrics can track the impact of improvement efforts such as through the Global Tracheostomy Collaborative (www.globaltrach.org). Improvement efforts should focus on (and measure) times to oral intake, vocalisation and duration of care, all identified as important to our patients.
Convergent Themes Across Jamesian and Jungian Thought

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The pragmatic philosophy of William James and the analytic psychology of Carl Jung share many common characteristics. This article compares the Jamesian and Jungian perspectives on two issues central to the designs of each thinker: (1) the nature of the psyche and (2) the theory of knowledge. Attention is given to the ways in which Jung's personality theory gives expression to a philosophical position very similar to that developed by James. Jung himself did not systematically articulate the philosophical foundations of his personality theory. James's work provides valuable insights into these philosophical underpinnings. Potential benefits for the academician and practitioner are discussed.
Comparison of Blood Pressure in Beta Thalassemia Major Patients with that of Control

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction and Objectives : β-thalassemia major patients need to have repeated blood transfusions throughout their life for survival, which leads to so many complications. Heart disease is the most important complication and the main determinant of survival in these patients. Our study shows comparison of blood pressure between these patients and that of normal subjects. Material and Methods : Present study was a cross sectional type of study and consisted of 100 normal subjects (control group) and 100 patients of beta thalassemia major (study group). Blood pressure was recorded in both the groups using mercury sphygmomanometer and statistical analysis of the observations was done using Z test. Results : There was no statistically significant difference in the Systolic blood pressure (SBP) of study group as compared to control group whereas there was a difference in the Diastolic blood pressure (DBP) of study group and control group which was statistically significant (p value <0.0001). Conclusion : There was an overall reduction in the blood pressure of study group as compared to control group but the difference in SBP was statistically not significant whereas that of DBP was statistically significant. Key Words: Beta thalassemia major, Diastolic blood pressure, Systolic blood pressure
Power grid vulnerability to geographically correlated failures &#x2014; Analysis and control implications

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

We consider line outages in the transmission network of the power grid, and specifically those caused by natural disasters or large-scale physical attacks. In such networks, an outage of a line may lead to overload on other lines, thereby leading to their outage. Such a cascade may have devastating effects not only on the power grid but also on the interconnected communication networks. We study a model of such failures and show that it differs from other models used to analyze cascades (e.g., epidemic/percolation-based models). Inspired by methods developed for network-survivability analysis, we show how to identify the most vulnerable locations in the network. We also perform extensive numerical experiments with real grid data to estimate the effects of geographically correlated outages and briefly discuss mitigation methods. The developed techniques can indicate potential locations for grid monitoring, and hence, will have impact on the deployment of the smart-grid networking infrastructure.
Breeding Bird Communities of Major Mainland Rivers of Southeastern Alaska

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Because of the scarcity of information for bird communities at the major mainland rivers of southeastern Alaska, the main objective of this study was to provide baseline information including distribution, status, and habitat associations of breeding birds. I conducted a meta-analysis of all known reports (including the current study) conducted at major mainland rivers during the breeding season. I described bird species composition, distribution, abundance estimates, status, habitat associations, and guild membership for all birds recorded at 11 major mainland rivers. Based on incidental observations, 170 species were recorded by all studies. Of these, 134 species were known or suspected to breed, accounting for 50% of all birds known from Alaska and 80% of all birds known from southeastern Alaska. In addition, I provided information on species of management concern as well as management implications and recommendations. I used point counts to survey birds within deciduous riparian vegetation at 6 major mainland rivers during 2000-2002. I compared bird species composition, abundance, richness, and diversity among four main vegetation types of deciduous riparian vegetation: shrubland, young deciduous forest, mature deciduous forest, and mixed deciduous-coniferous forest. Species richness was similar among all habitat types; however, relative abundance and diversity of birds was highest in mixed forest stands. Mature forests had the greatest number of species associated with the Canadian interior. I also used point counts to compare bird species composition, abundance, richness, and diversity among 6 major mainland rivers consisting of three trans-mountain and three coastal rivers. Latitude, connectivity, and availability of mature and mixed forests were the major factors thought to cause differences in bird communities among rivers. Contrary to our predictions, coastal rivers had higher bird species richness, diversity, point abundance , and point richness than trans-mountain rivers. Of the 10 species associated with the Canadian interior recorded during point counts, 8 occurred at both trans-mountain and coastal rivers.
Generation of midbrain organoids as a model to study Parkinson's disease

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The study of 3D cell culture models not only bridges the gap between traditional 2D in vitro experiments and in vivo animal models, it also addresses processes that cannot be recapitulated by these traditional models. Therefore, it offers an opportunity to better understand complex biology, for instance brain development, where conventional models have not proven successful. The so{called brain organoid technology provides a physiologically relevant context, which holds great potential for its application in modelling neurological diseases. To obtain these highly specialised structures, resembling specifically key features of the human midbrain, we derived a human midbrain-specific organoid (hMO) system from regionally patterned neural stem cells (NSCs). The resulting neural tissue exhibited abundant neurons with midbrain dopaminergic neuron (mDAN) identity, as well as astroglia and oligodendrocyte di erentiation. Within the hMOs, we could observe neurite myelination and the formation of synaptic connections. Regular fire patterning and neural network synchronicity were determined by multielectrode array (MEA) recordings. In addition to electrophysiologically functional mDANs producing and secreting dopamine (DA), we also detected responsive neuronal subtypes, like GABAergic and glutamatergic neurons. To investigate Parkinson's disease (PD)-relevant pathomechanisms, we derived hMOs from PD patients carrying the LRRK2-G2019S mutation and compared them to healthy control hMOs. In addition to a reduced number and complexity of mDANs, we determined a signi cant increase of the stem cell marker FOXA2 in the patient-derived hMOs. This suggests a neurodevelopmental defect induced by a PD-specific mutation and emphasises the importance of advanced three-dimensional (3D) stem cell-based in vitro models. The in this thesis described hMOs are suitable to reveal PD{relevant phenotypes, thus constitute as a powerful tool for human-specific in vitro disease modelling of neurological disorders with a great potential to be utilised in advanced therapy development.
T/NK Lymphocytosis in CML Ph+ Patients During Dasatinib Therapy.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Abstract 3279 Poster Board III-1 Background. Some authors reported that Natural Killer (NK) cells from CML patients are defective in NK cell activity and NK cell number decrease as the disease progresses to the advanced phase and probably the abnormal BCR/ABL gene causes abnormal NK cell differentiation.TK inhibitors reduce BCR/ABL transcription and could restore NK cell numbers and/or function.Moreover Dasatinib,by the blockade of SRC Kinases,could affect the development of NK cells as well as T-lymphocytes.Our aim was to verify the impact of Dasatinib treatment on T CD8+ and NK cells modulation. Methods. We evaluated 24 patients with CML resistant/intollerant to Imatinib and treated with Dasatinib at a starting dose of 70 mg/BID or 100 mg/QD.Blood count were monitored; lymphocytosis has been definited by an increased number of peripheral blood lymphocyte counts ≥ 3.0×10(e)9/L and by the predominance of LGLs in peripheral blood smear. Immunophenotyping was done with flow-cytometry using antibodies against the following antigens: CD2, CD3, CD4, CD5, CD7, CD8, CD16, and CD56. Results. With a median of 19 mo. of Dasatinib therapy (range 3–43), 15/24 cases (62.5%) developed peripheral blood lymphocytosis. Median onset of lymphocytosis was 3 months after the initiation of Dasatinib therapy (range 1–12) and duration was 14 months (range 6–40).Lymphocytosis was CD3+/CD8+/Cytotoxic T Cell in 9 patients (60%) and CD3-/CD16+/CD56+/NK Cell in 6 patients (40%).In all 15 patients no symptoms or signs suggestive of LGL leukemia or viral infections were documented.There was no significant difference in terms of the frequency of severe adverse events, including pleural effusion between patients with and without lymphocytosis. 11(73%) of the 15 patients who developed lymphocytosis achieved MMolR and 4/11 presented Bcr/Abl mutation at the time of imatinib treatment (F317L, E255K, F359V, E255K),whereas only 3(33%) of the 9 patients without lymphocytosis achieved MMolR and 1/3 presented Bcr/Abl mutation (F359V). Moreover molecular response was earlier in the group of patients with lymphocytosis (8vs12 mo.). Conclusions. The development of lymphocytosis in our patients seems to be associated to an improved response to dasatinib in terms of molecular response and time to response. The assessment of higher frequency lymphocytosis requires further analysis; a larger patients'cohort should be needed to explore the biological role of lymphocytosis and the impact on the long term outcome in patients treated with dasatinib. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Norwegian Clinicians’ Experiences of Learnability and Usability of SCID-II, SCID-5-PD and SCID-5-AMPD-I Interviews: A Sequential Multi-Group Qualitative Approach

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The DSM-5 presents two competing diagnostic frameworks for personality disorders: the standard categorical model and the Alternative Model of Personality Disorders (AMPD). The AMPD was initially criticized for being too complex and theory laden for clinical implementation. Though inter-rater reliability studies have contested initial claims of the model's complexity, little attention has been paid to how clinicians experience the usability and learnability of either model. We interviewed twenty Norwegian clinicians about their experiences with either the SCID-II/5-PD (n = 9), SCID-5-AMPD-I (n = 8), or both (n = 3). Separate thematic analyses were conducted for SCID-II/5-PD and SCID-5-AMPD-I groups, and group themes were compared. We identified four themes for each group, relating to required skills, training, challenges and information gained through the interview. We found that training and clinical experience were considered to be important for both interviews. Moreover, the SCID-5-AMPD-I was considered to rely more explicitly on theory specific to the development and content of the AMPD model in general and the LPFS specifically We also identified shared and unique challenges and shortcomings of each interview. We comment on how our findings relate to the debate surrounding the AMPD, and recommend development of clear training guidelines for both interviews.
Exploring the feasibility of mitigating VR-HMD-induced cybersickness using cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Many head-mounted virtual reality display (VR-HMD) applications that involve moving visual environments (e.g., virtual rollercoaster, car and airplane driving) will trigger cybersickness (CS). Previous research Arshad et al. (2015) has explored the inhibitory effect of cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on vestibular cortical excitability, applied to traditional motion sickness (MS), however its applicability to CS, as typically experienced in immersive VR, remains unknown. The presented double-blinded 2x2x3 mixed design experiment (independent variables: stimulation condition [cathodal/anodal]; timing of VR stimulus exposure [before/after tDCS]; sickness scenario [slight symptoms onset/moderate symptoms onset/recovery]) aims to investigate whether the tDCS protocol adapted from Arshad et al. (2015) is effective at delaying the onset of CS symptoms and/or accelerating recovery from them in healthy participants. Quantitative analysis revealed that the cathodal tDCS indeed delayed the onset of slight symptoms if compared to that in anodal condition. However, there are no significant differences in delaying the onset of moderate symptoms nor shortening time to recovery between the two stimulation types. Possible reasons for present findings are discussed and suggestions for future studies are proposed.
Research on simulation of desalination of NaCl aqueous solution by vacuum membrane distillation

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A heat and mass transfer model for vacuum membrane distillation of NaCl aqueous solution was established based on the dusty gas model. The average membrane pore size in the model was replaced by an experimentally fitted relationship of pore size distribution,and an effective combination of a consecutive pore size distribution with the membrane distillation model was achieved for the first time. Comparison of flux variation with temperature between experimental data and simulative results shows that prediction of the established model has a better agreement than that of the average pore size model. The effects of operating conditions and distribution function parameters on the distillation are discussed. Results show that the flux increases respectively with the increase in feed temperature and flowrate,and decreases with the increase in NaCl concentration. Under the operating conditions tested,the bigger the average pore size is,the bigger the flux is. While for the same average pore size,the narrower the pore size distribution is,the smaller the flux is.
SU69. Differential Cerebellar Activation in Schizophrenia During Eyeblink Conditioning

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

\nBackground: Abnormalities in cerebellar morphology and function have been associated with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders (SZ). For example, studies of SZ have found diminished eyeblink conditioning (EBC), a cerebellar-dependent form of associative learning. In human neuroimaging studies, EBC has been associated with activation in Crus I-II and deep cerebellar nuclei, among other regions.
AFLP mapping of quantitative trait loci influencing seven head-related traits in broccoli (Brassica oleraceavar.italica)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

SummaryThis study identified amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers linked to head-related traits in broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) grown in both Winter (W) and Summer (S) in 2008 and in 2009. In total, 227 F2 plants derived from a cross between the heat-tolerant cultivar ‘Shin-Fa 1208’ (SF), and the heat-sensitive cultivar ‘Green Magic’ (GM), were grown in the field. Seven traits including floret height (FH), floret width (FW), head height (HH), head width (HW), head weight (HWT), top weight (TWT), and stem width (SW) were scored. Polymorphic bands were generated by AFLP, and the segregation ratios and distribution of the identified markers over the Brassica genome were compared. Nine linkage groups (LGs), ranging from 75.8 cM to146.5 cM in size, were constructed using 202 informative markers spanning a total of 1,034.5 cM. For the seven traits investigated, 73 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were dispersed non-randomly in the broccoli genome. Thirty-one unique regions of the genome were detected across the population in Summer trial, and three QTL markers, located on LGs 1, 3, and 5, showed pleiotropic effects on these seven traits. Among these, the QTL linked to the d-64 (S) marker on LG 3 had effects on HH, HWT, and FW, and significant positive correlations existed among these three traits. Thus, the AFLP marker d-64 (S) may have potential for the simultaneous selection of large FW and HH, and increased HWT under high-temperature conditions.
Transforming Land, Transforming Lives: Greening Innovation and Urban Agriculture in the Context of Forced Displacement

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

There are more refugees in the world today than ever previously recorded.\nIf the displaced were the population of one country, it would be the 24th\nlargest in the world.\nIn the face of this unprecedented challenge, the world is tasked with finding durable\nsolutions that require common purpose. We need bold and inclusive leadership,\ndeep understanding, and ambitious plans with decisive actions. Change calls for\nthe innovation and nimbleness more typical of lean start-ups. It calls for an approach\nrooted in a network of talented professionals who believe grassroots movements can\nchange the world.\nAt Lemon Tree Trust, we believe that urban agriculture – the tangible manifestation\nof ecology, greening and cultivation – creates new and unrealised value to\nachieve dignity, empowerment and sovereignty for those living in under-resourced\ncommunities, such as refugee camps.\nA lemon tree serves not only as something physical to be nurtured, but also functions\nas a symbol for agricultural solutions for displaced persons – trees and gardens\nprovide beauty, shelter, food and economic security.\nAt the Lemon Tree Trust, we envision refugee camps where residents are engaged in\nthe design of sustainable and innovative urban agricultural practices while ensuring\nyields that benefit all.\nThis report details the vision, mission, strategies and tactics for how we will undertake\nthis greening innovation in refugee camps. We invite you to join us in our effort to assist\nthe globally displaced – one tree, one garden, one life at a time.
Qualitative analysis of coping strategies among mexican disaster survivors

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This study describes the various coping strategies reportedly used by survivors after a disaster. Using unstructured interviews, 27 Mexicans (16 women, 11 men) were asked to recount how they coped with a specific disaster and its aftermath. Interviews were carried out in three cities: Guadalajara, Jalisco (n=10), Homestead, Florida (n=6) and Puerto Angel, Oaxaca (n=11). Guadalajara experienced a neighbourhood sewer explosion, whereas Homestead and Puerto Angel experienced Hurricane Andrew and Hurricane Paulina, respectively. Analysis of common themes revealed seeking support, seeking meaning, problem solving, and avoidance as primary coping strategies in all three cities. Seeking support was the most commonly cited coping strategy. Seeking support may be a universal coping strategy for disaster survivors, whereas other coping strategies varied by context-specific factors such as type of disaster, resource availability, and stage of disaster recovery. Implications for future coping research and interventions are discussed.