jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Optimal allocation and control of fixed and switched capacitor banks on distribution systems using grasshopper optimisation algorithm with power loss sensitivity and rough set theory

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The grasshopper heuristic optimisation algorithm (GOA) is one of the newest heuristic techniques. It attempts to imitate locust's behaviour in solving different problems. In this paper, first, optimal location and size of fixed capacitor banks on distribution systems have been obtained using the GOA. Determination of the optimal number of capacitor banks and their optimal locations and sizes represent one of the major challenges facing distribution system operators. Therefore, second, a combined power loss sensitivity and GOA technique has been introduced to obtain the optimal number, location and size of the capacitor banks on distribution systems. Third, a proposed technique for optimal placement of fixed and switched capacitor banks considering daily load variations is introduced. Finally, a new technique of combined rough set theory and GOA is proposed to minimise daily switching of the capacitor banks and minimise daily power losses. Four test systems with different sizes and complexities are considered to evaluate the proposed techniques which are the 33, 69, 85 and 141‐bus systems. To clarify the validation and effectiveness of the proposed solution techniques, the obtained results have been compared with other previously used solving techniques. The obtained results demonstrate the accuracy and effectiveness of the introduced techniques.
Oestrone and equilin in the plasma of the pregnant mare.

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

A method for the extraction of oestrone and equilin from the plasma of the pregnant mare is described, and the levels obtained for eighty-two samples from fourteen Welsh Mountain Ponies at different stages of pregnancy are recorded. Oestrone (fifteen samples) and equilin (three samples) were not found before Day 120. From Day 120 to 240, oestrone levels exceeded 100 ng/ml and then declined to parturition. The high concentrations of oestrone in mid-pregnancy were associated with gradually increasing concentrations of equilin which tended to plateau after Day 180 at just under 100 ng/ml and declined significantly only in the last month of pregnancy. Evidence is presented that both oestrone and equilin occur in peripheral plasma largely as sulphates.
Impasses in the Relationship Between the Psychiatric Rehabilitation Practitioner and the Consumer: A Psychodynamic Perspective

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Psychiatric rehabilitation relationships can be undermined, which can potentially damage the recovery of consumers of mental health services who are coping with a prolonged serious mental illness. This might occur when practitioners who work to advance the complex rehabilitation process and need to function in diverse areas, fail to identify and respond to the unique needs involved. This might lead to a rupture in the practitioner–consumer relationship and to an impasse in the rehabilitation. In this article, an example clarifies how such an impasse can occur in a rehabilitation relationship and demonstrates the role of the practitioner in its resolution.
Application of the project method in a medical school in the study of physics

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Тенденции развития науки и образованияПреподаватель -главное лицо в вузе и без осознания этого не удастся воспитывать в системе высшего образования специалистов с высокими личностными качествами, способными не только результативно трудиться на действующих предприятиях, но и поднять в стране малый и средний технологический бизнес.Для решения кадровой проблемы в
Learning to See: The Meanings, Modes and Methods of Visual Literacy

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This volume was first published by Inter-Disciplinary Press in 2016. If, indeed, ‘Vision is the art of seeing what is invisible to others,’ as Jonathan Swift has so famously phrased it, then visual literacy is the art of translating the seen – through image, word and gesture – so that the invisible can be made visible to others. In other words, visual literacy specifies a process of articulation that employs both sight and insight in the service of interpreting the language of the image, reading the narrative of the graphic, and deciphering the codes and modes of the visual. This volume represents an attempt to convey some of the many ideas surrounding visual literacy and advance the interdisciplinary field of visual literacy studies toward new areas of research and inquiry.
Reducing sample size in experiments with animals: historical controls and related strategies

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Reducing the number of animal subjects used in biomedical experiments is desirable for ethical and practical reasons. Previous reviews of the benefits of reducing sample sizes have focused on improving experimental designs and methods of statistical analysis, but reducing the size of control groups has been considered rarely. We discuss how the number of current control animals can be reduced, without loss of statistical power, by incorporating information from historical controls, i.e. subjects used as controls in similar previous experiments. Using example data from published reports, we describe how to incorporate information from historical controls under a range of assumptions that might be made in biomedical experiments. Assuming more similarities between historical and current controls yields higher savings and allows the use of smaller current control groups. We conducted simulations, based on typical designs and sample sizes, to quantify how different assumptions about historical controls affect the power of statistical tests. We show that, under our simulation conditions, the number of current control subjects can be reduced by more than half by including historical controls in the analyses. In other experimental scenarios, control groups may be unnecessary. Paying attention to both the function and to the statistical requirements of control groups would result in reducing the total number of animals used in experiments, saving time, effort and money, and bringing research with animals within ethically acceptable bounds.
Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Stilbenes from Grape Canes

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

An analytical ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) method has been optimized and validated for the rapid extraction of stilbenes from grape canes. The influence of sample pre-treatment (oven or freeze-drying) and several extraction variables (solvent, sample-solvent ratio and extraction time between others) on the extraction process were analyzed. The new method allowed the main stilbenes in grape canes to be extracted in just 10 min, with an extraction temperature of 75 °C and 60% ethanol in water as the extraction solvent. Validation of the extraction method was based on analytical properties. The resulting RSDs (n = 5) for interday/intraday precision were less than 10%. Furthermore, the method was successfully applied in the analysis of 20 different grape cane samples. The result showed that grape cane byproducts are potentially sources of bioactive compounds of interest for pharmaceutical and food industries.
Regulation of T cell fates by the transcription factor NFAT5 in different microenvironments

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

CD4+ T cells can adopt specific functional programs in response to changes in microenvironment variables, such as cytokine availability, cell-to-cell contacts and stress conditions. It has been described that the elevation of the extracellular concentrations of sodium can stimulate T cells to enhance the expression of diverse cytokines and receptors, some of which are regulated by the transcription factor NFAT5. NFAT5 is a general regulator of osmotic stress responses in mammals, although it also has hypertonicity-independent roles, such as in the regulation of thymocyte development and the activation of macrophages by Toll-like receptors. Here we have used mice that lack NFAT5 specifically in T cells to analyze the involvement of NFAT5 in the acquisition of polarized functions in T cells when they are activated in osmostress conditions and in the absence of hypertonicity. We describe that exposure of CD4+ T cells to hypertonic stress during stimulation with signals that mimic their T cell receptor enhances the expression of various genes associated with a T helper 17 (Th17) polarization profile, and analyze the role of NFAT5 and the Th17 master transcription factor ROR-γt in the hypertonicity-induced Th17 bias. We have also explored the potential relevance of NFAT5 as a regulator of pathogenic T cell responses in vivo in an experimental mouse model of inflammatory disease. Altogether, our results indicate that NFAT5 can modulate T cell polarization in different microenvironments, and that this capability may play a relevant role in inflammatory responses in vivo.
Meta-cloud: A cloud of clouds

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

As smart device hardware and software technologies have advanced, performance of devices has improved and their types and categories have diversified. In addition, as smart devices have become popular, the number of multi-devices held by a single person has increased. Following this trend, data production and management through multi-devices of a single user have increased, and various data sharing services have emerged to meet the need for data sharing across multi-devices. Much attention has been given to data sharing services utilizing a cloud computing environment. Cloud computing is a computing technology to provide IT resources (e.g., software, storage, and server) with internet technology. Data sharing services are provided by virtualizing unlimited storage space and computing resources utilizable via the cloud computing environment. Users have access to unlimited storage space for their devices and can share the same data regardless of which device is used. There are a number of pay or free cloud storage services available, but cloud service providers have their own proprietary interfaces so that users may have to install a specific application program for the use of a cloud or data management service in order to access multiple cloud storage services. In the present paper we define and propose the Meta-Cloud, which is an integrated platform for the use of multiple cloud storage services.
A Conceptual Approach to the Instruction of Phrasal Verbs

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Phrasal verbs present numerous challenges to second language learners of English, who often view verb + particle combinations as random ( Side, 1990 ). This article proposes a pedagogical approach that focuses on particles as a means of spotlighting systematicity within this traditionally problematic area of English vocabulary. Informed by cognitive linguistics and sociocultural theory, the approach encourages students to tap their own creativity in order to conceptually motivate ( Kövecses & Szabó, 1996 ) student‐collected examples of phrasal verbs. The article (a) presents the theoretical rationale for the approach, (b) reports an experiment in which the approach was implemented in two sections of an English as a Second Language course at the university level, and (c) discusses results of the experiment as well as potential pedagogical adaptations.
Detection of alloantibody deposition in allografts: capillary C4d deposition as a marker of humoral rejection

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose of review Studies in recent years have demonstrated that peritubular capillary C4d deposition is diagnostic of humoral rejection in kidney allografts. In organ transplantation, the fragment C4d is generated during antibody-mediated activation of the classical pathway of complement. Notably, a strong association has been shown between capillary C4d deposits in renal allograft biopsies and donor-specific anti-HLA class I and/or class II alloantibodies in recipient sera. Moreover, C4d appears to be a valuable prognostic marker of graft survival. These observations have led to an update in the histopathological Banff `97 classification of renal allograft rejection and the integration of the C4d immunostaining in its diagnostic criteria, so that allograft rejection is now subdivided into “antibody-mediated rejection” (humoral rejection) and “acute/active cellular rejection”. Importantly, new therapeutic strategies to remove antidonor alloantibodies from the recipient's serum to improve the prognosis of acute humoral rejection have been developed. Recent findings Recent data suggest that chronic renal allograft rejection might also be monitored by the detection of C4d in biopsies. Capillary C4d deposition correlates with the typical histopathologic lesions of chronic rejection, and it can precede the development of these lesions. Moreover, similarly to acute humoral rejection, a correlation has been shown between biopsy C4d deposits and antidonor alloantibodies in the patient's serum. Therefore, the presence of capillary C4d reflects an active humoral immune reaction (ie, it identifies features of true alloimmune injury). The efficacy of newer immunosupressants in suppressing antidonor humoral antibody production in patients with chronic allograft dysfunction remains to be determined prospectively in controlled clinical trials. Summary In this review, we discuss the current clinical and pathological knowledge of alloantibody-mediated rejection in organ transplants, particularly in kidney allografts. Recent studies analyzing the contribution of capillary C4d staining in diagnosis of humoral rejection in recipients of nonrenal allografts are also discussed.
Polymeric Dissipative Convection Flow from an Inclined Plane with Chemical Reaction: Numerical Study

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

An analytical model is developed to study the effects of viscous dissipation and chemical reaction in viscoelastic convection from an inclined plate as a simulation of electro-conductive polymer materials processing. The Jeffery’s viscoelastic model is deployed to describe the non-Newtonian characteristics of the fluid and provides a good approximation for polymers, which constitutes a novelty of the present work. The normalized nonlinear boundary value problem is solved computationally with the Keller-Box implicit finite-difference technique. Extensive solutions for velocity, surface temperature and concentration, skin friction, heat, and transfer rates are visualized numerically and graphically for various thermophysical parameters. Validation is conducted with earlier published work for the case of a vertical plate in the absence of viscous dissipation, chemical reaction, and non-Newtonian effects. The boundary layer flow is accelerated with increasing Deborah number whereas temperatures and concentrations are decelerated slightly. Temperatures and concentration are boosted with increasing inclination parameter whereas velocity is lowered. A reverse trend is seen for increasing Richardson number. Increasing chemical reaction reduces velocity and concentration whereas it enhances temperature. Increasing the viscous dissipation parameter is found to enhance velocity and temperature whereas it suppresses concentration.
EFFECT OF INTERPLANTS SPACING AND METHODS OF NITROGEN APPLICATION ON GROWTH OF THREE SYNTHETIC CORN VARIETIES (Zea mays L.)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Two Field experiments were conducted during the growing season 2007 in Mosul and Tikrit to determine the influence of application method of nitrogen fertilizer (Broadcasting or band fertilization 10 cm in row far from seed) and different spaces between plants (15, 25, 35 cm) in growth of three varieties (Buhooth 106, Rabi, Safa) . Data were subjected to the conventional analysis of Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications .Result of Mosul location apperared that the variety Buhooth 106 was superior to gave less ear flowering period and gave more height in plant length. moreover the distance (15 , 35)cm were significant increase in plant length. Fertilizer application method did not show any significant differences in field growth characters except the leaf area which showed superiority in the method of adding fertilizer by spray in Tikret location. while in Mosul location the band fertilization method was the beast for leaf area, the distance 35cm appeared superiority in these two locations. The interaction between varieties and inter plants spacing Buhooth 106 and Safa with 15cm appeared superiority in their early ear flowering period in Tikret location ,while in Mosul location the variety Safa with 15cm showed an early female flowering period . Buhooth 106 gave high plant height for the two distance (15,35) cm .the variety Rabee with distance (35) cm showed higher leaf area .where as in Tikret location the Buhooth 106 and Rabee with 35 cm gave larger leaf area per plant.Buhooth 106 in its interaction with (15,35) cm gave higher leaf area index .As for the interaction between the distance and the method of adding fertilizes ,the distance (35) cm with adding fertilizers in band fertilization method was superiority in leaf area for individual plant , Adding fertilizer in broadcasting way showed superiority in leaf area index in the two studied locations.The tri-interaction in Mosul location ,Buhooth 106 for 15 cm distance with broadcasting method for fertilization showed superiority in plant height , again the same variety with 35 cm distance with adding fertilizer in row gave high avarge of leaf area character an individual plant . Safa variety with 15 cm distance by adding fertilizers in broadcasting way gave superiority in leaf area index , as for Buhooth 106 with 15 cm distance to adding fertilizers in row way , it gave higher significant for the same previous character.
Quercus robur as a Potential Cd Phytostabilizator

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) is one of the most important forest tree species in Europe, from both economic and ecological perspectives. Several studies indicate the possibility of using different species of the genus Quercus for afforestation of lands affected by industry, including trace-element polluted areas. The main objective of this research was to determine the Cd accumulation patterns of pedunculate oak seedlings subjected to various Cd treatments. Differences in Cd accumulation ability, mineral nutrients concentrations and observed damage upon Cd treatment of plants derived from different regions of origin are discussed. Obtained results suggest the possible use of pedunculate oak in cadmium phytostabilization.
A COMPREHENSIVE FACET MODEL FOR BISTATIC SAR IMAGERY OF DYNAMIC OCEAN SCENE

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A comprehensive facet model for bistatic synthetic aperture radar (Bis-SAR) imagery of dynamic ocean scene is presented in this paper.An efficient facet scattering model is developed to calculate the radar cross section (RCS) of the ocean surface for Bis-SAR firstly.Further more, this facet model is combined with a bistatic velocity bunching (V B) modulation of long ocean waves to obtain the Bis-SAR intensity expression in image plane of ocean scene.The displacement of the scatter elements in the image plane and the degradation of radar resolution in azimuth direction are quantificationally analyzed.Finally, Bis-SAR imagery simulations of ocean surface are illustrated, proving the validity and practicability of the presented algorithms.
Disabled Women and Domestic Violence: Making the Links, a National UK Study

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article reports on the first-ever national study of domestic violence and disability in the United Kingdom. The multi-method study used the social model of disability and was mainly qualitative in design. It reports distressing findings of the abuse which disabled women may experience, confirming similar findings in Australia and other countries. Less provision than that available proportionally to non-disabled women is accompanied by a greater need for such focussed and specialist services. Disabled women in the United Kingdom therefore lose out on both counts. The paper concludes that a cultural shift or sea-change is required in relevant service provision at both management and operational levels, informed by disabled women themselves wherever possible. The study made wide-ranging recommendations at both the strategic level across localities and for relevant agencies in the United Kingdom. These recommendations have wide relevance in other countries.
Research on Term Structure of Treasury Interest Rates Using a New Model

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Based on Chinese treasury market's characteristic and oversea methods for estimating term structure of interest rates, a new model for computing Chinese term structure is represented. The empirical research and comparison of this model with others are carried out using the data of Chinese treasury market. The results show that the model can significantly decrease the errors of forecasting yields to maturity. The new model is suitable to our national fact. Using this model, ten pieces of interest rates curves, representing Chinese treasure markets from 1996 to 2007, are offered and analyzed. From the ten yield curves, it is shown that: Firstly, the variation range of yield curves has still been restricted by deposit interest rates. Secondly, the variation range of long-term interest rates is smaller than that of short-term interest rates. Thirdly, in recent years, the long-term interest rates of Chinese treasure bonds are lower.
Potential of spaceborne Brillouin scattering lidar for global ocean optical profiling

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The potential of spaceborne Brillouin scattering lidar for generating global ocean optical profiles was studied herein. We analyzed the global distributions of the maximum detectable depths and corresponding optimum wavelengths for spaceborne Brillouin scattering lidar during the day and night, simulated the global vertical profile distributions of the seawater sound speed and Brillouin scattering frequency shift, and discussed the effects of the system parameters and water environment parameters in Case II water on the lidar detection performance and proportion of Brillouin scattering lidar penetrating the upper mixed layer on the global scale. The laser emission wavelength of 490 nm is suitable for detecting open ocean waters, and 540 nm is suitable for detecting coastal waters. The detection depth of the Brillouin scattering lidar operating at night is approximately 10 m greater than that during the day. The vertical profile distributions of the seawater sound and the Brillouin scattering frequency shift decrease as the depth increases from 0 to 200 m in the mid-low latitude regions. The proportions of spaceborne Brillouin scattering lidar penetrating the upper mixed layer in January-February-March, April-May-June, July-August-September, and October-November-December are 75.15%, 76.80%, 59.12%, and 73.10%, respectively. The results indicate that spaceborne Brillouin scattering lidar has great potential for the wide-range and long-term monitoring of upper-ocean water bodies, which would be a good complement to passive satellite ocean color remote sensing technology and the traditional measurement methods of Argo floats, gliders, XBT, and AUV.