jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Spectral features of the body fluids of patients with benign and malignant prostate tumours

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In this study, we present the results of fluorescence spectra of blood and urine to detect and discriminate between samples drawn from benign and malignant prostate patients and we find a very good demarcation in terms of spectral features. This preliminary study was carried out as a proof of concept, with limited samples of blood and urine from known cases of patients of BPH and CaP. In the near future it is expected that a detailed clinical validation will be done to establish it as a reliable cancer diagnosis protocol.
Sideways tunnelling and fractional Josephson frequency in double-layered quantum Hall systems

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The $(kkk)$ double layered quantum Hall state has been shown to exhibit many\nsuperfluid properties including the appearance of an alternating tunnelling\ncurrent in response to an external voltage V. Here we propose the notion of\n"sideways tunnelling", in which a current tunnels between two such $(kkk)$\nstates through an incompressible fractional quantum Hall state $(mm0)$. We\npredict the tunnelling current will alternate with a frequency\n$\\om={eV{\\o}\\hbar m}$, as a consequence of the tunnelling of $e/m$ fractional\ncharges. We also discuss singularities in the tunnelling current noise spectrum\nand the non-linear I-V curve.\n
Ethylene Biosynthesis in sweet-potato Root Tissue Induced by Infection with Black Rot Fungus (Ceratoystis fimbriata)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Ethylene production rapidly increased in sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas Lam.) root tissue in response to infection by black rot fungus (Ceratocystis fimbriata Ell. & Halst). Ethylene production increased in the surface layer (0-0.5mm) of the root inoculated x4ith endoconidia of C fimbriata, reaching a maximum 1 day after inoculation and declining thereafter The rise in the surface layer was followed by a subsequent increase in the inner, second (0.5-1.0mm). and third (1.0-1.5mm) layers as the fungus penetration progressed Discs 10mm in diameter and 0.5mm thick excised from the surface of the infected root slices were used for the experiments Our previous study demonstrated that ethylene synthesis in the infected tissue may occur via a pathway independent of the methionine ACC (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid) pathway Ethylene synthesis in the infected tissue was significantly suppressed by the inhibitors that interfere with NADPH oxidase. phospholipase A2 and lipoxygenase, by metal ion chelators, and by scavengers of reactive oxygen species The inhibition of metal ions was restored by the addition of cupric ion These results suggest that in the infected sweet potato root tissue, polyunsaturated fatty acids are released from membrane phospholipids followed by peroxidation by lipoxygenase The hydroperoxides could be decomposed in the presence of copper ion or copper enzyme and reactive oxygen species such as hydroxyl radical, leading to ethylene generation Dc novo protein synthesis was required for ethylene synthesis to be induced in response to the fungal infection
Technology Generators in the Dayton Region: Leveraging Regional Assets for Economic Recovery

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The Dayton Region shows tremendous promise in becoming an area known for its technology and innovation with a strong concentration of research and development and a capacity for innovative manufacturing. Yet to become an innovative leader, the Dayton Region must transform its culture and realign investments that will promote its technology capability and strengthen the economy. The old ways of doing business and training the workforce are no longer sufficient to become a player in the global economy. This report compares the Dayton Region to other regions across the country, points out gaps in various innovation and economic indicators, and makes recommendations for transforming the Dayton Region into an innovative, knowledge-based economy.
Factors associated with healthy and unhealthy workplace eating behaviours in individuals with overweight/obesity with and without binge eating disorder

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Summary Objective Most Americans spend an average of 8 hours per day in the workplace. Current understanding of eating behaviours in the workplace and their association with overweight, obesity and binge eating disorder (BED) is limited. Workplace eating behaviours and weight‐related self‐efficacy were examined in a sample of 98 individuals with overweight or obesity, with or without BED. Design Participants completed the Weight Efficacy Lifestyle Questionnaire, Work and Social Adjustment Scale, Worker's Perception of Environmental Factors, and a Workplace Questionnaire. Results Eating unplanned food occurred on average 2.43 times per week ( SD = 3.37), and eating unplanned food even when meals were brought from home occurred on average 1.28 times per week ( SD = 1.84). Individuals with BED purchased lunch even when they brought food from home significantly more frequently than did individuals without BED. Those with BED also reported significantly poorer work and social adjustment related to binge eating as compared with those without BED. The most significant barriers to healthy eating in the workplace were coworker influence, eating more food in general and more junk food in response to stress, eating unplanned food at work and time constraints. Conclusions These factors may be important to target in weight‐loss treatment to increase individuals' weight loss success. As individuals with BED may be the most vulnerable to eating unplanned foods, clinicians may want to focus on this potential barrier in BED treatment.
The Domestication of the Grapevine Vitis Vinifera L. in the Near East

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

As with many other Old World cultivated plants (Zohary and Hopf 1993:1), the evidence for answering these questions for the grapevine comes mainly from two sources:1. Survey of the living wild relatives of the fruit-crop and identification of its wild ancestor. Such a survey also includes an assessment of the traits that distinguish the cultivated varieties from their wild progenitor and the determination of the genetic basis for these changes.
Reliability optimization of crankshaft for high-speed punch based on genetic algorithm method

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The crankshaft is one of the most important components of high-speed punch and the design and optimization of crankshaft has fateful consequence to the performance and reliability. The high reliability value of crankshaft contributes to the increasing of the reliability of the whole punch systemin the manufacturing and using process. This study builds a reliability optimization model of the crankshaft for punching process under constraints of the strength, stiffnessand geometry. Genetic algorithm method is employed to make reliability optimization for crankshaft based on ANSYSand MATLAB. The strength and stiffness reliabilityare both set as 0.997, namely, the minimum reliability of crankshaft is 0.997. Theoptimum design parameters based on reliability are obtainedunder the abovecondition. The obtained results demonstrate that genetic algorithm method can be effectively employed to investigate the reliability optimization of crankshaft for high-speed punch.
Effects of Surface Properties on Haptic Perception of the Form of Virtual Objects

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract. The problem studied was the potential effects of surface properties, such as hardness, texture and friction, on haptically perceived form of 3D virtual objects; more specifically, on the precision in judgments of the curvature of a spherical object. It was expected that curvature of a soft surface, as well as of a surface with texture and/or friction, would be more difficult to judge than a hard surface without friction and texture. The difference limen was determined under four conditions with different surface properties. The participants ’ task was, with the help of a haptic display (a PHANToM), to judge which of two spherical surfaces was more curved than the other. The result was that only texture had a significant negative effect on the judgments. More textures have to be studied to see how generalized this result can be. Concerning hardness, the participants seemed to adapt their exploratory movements to this property. 1
Primary amelanotic melanoma of the nail bed

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ENWEndNote BIBJabRef, Mendeley RISPapers, Reference Manager, RefWorks, Zotero AMA Rosiak-Buller A, PÅaszczyÅska A, SÅawiÅska M, Lakomy J, Sobjanek M. Primary amelanotic melanoma of the nail bed. Dermatology Review/PrzeglÄ d Dermatologiczny. 2021;108(4):290-298. doi:10.5114/dr.2021.110805. APA Rosiak-Buller, A., PÅaszczyÅska, A., SÅawiÅska, M., Lakomy, J., & Sobjanek, M. (2021). Primary amelanotic melanoma of the nail bed. Dermatology Review/PrzeglÄ d Dermatologiczny, 108(4), 290-298. https://doi.org/10.5114/dr.2021.110805 Chicago Rosiak-Buller, Aleksandra, Anna PÅaszczyÅska, Martyna SÅawiÅska, Joanna Lakomy, and MichaÅ Sobjanek. 2021. "Primary amelanotic melanoma of the nail bed". Dermatology Review/PrzeglÄ d Dermatologiczny 108 (4): 290-298. doi:10.5114/dr.2021.110805. Harvard Rosiak-Buller, A., PÅaszczyÅska, A., SÅawiÅska, M., Lakomy, J., and Sobjanek, M. (2021). Primary amelanotic melanoma of the nail bed. Dermatology Review/PrzeglÄ d Dermatologiczny, 108(4), pp.290-298. https://doi.org/10.5114/dr.2021.110805 MLA Rosiak-Buller, Aleksandra et al. "Primary amelanotic melanoma of the nail bed." Dermatology Review/PrzeglÄ d Dermatologiczny, vol. 108, no. 4, 2021, pp. 290-298. doi:10.5114/dr.2021.110805. Vancouver Rosiak-Buller A, PÅaszczyÅska A, SÅawiÅska M, Lakomy J, Sobjanek M. Primary amelanotic melanoma of the nail bed. Dermatology Review/PrzeglÄ d Dermatologiczny. 2021;108(4):290-298. doi:10.5114/dr.2021.110805.
Sediment Production in a small Appalachian Watershed during Spring Runoff: The Eaton Basin, 1970–1972

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

This report describes work in an IHD Representative Basin in the Quebec Appalachians, the Eaton River Basin (86 km 2 in area), upstream from Randboro. The Basin is dominantly forest-covered, contains no large settlement, and, in general, shows little human disturbance that might affect sediment production. The suspended load of the Eaton River was studied in detail during the spring runoff periods of 1970 and 1971; available long-term discharge data indicate these to be representative of present-day conditions. Sediment transport rates are well below capacity and sediment yields are lower than might have been expected from the Langbein-Schumm data in the United States. Suspended sediment originates primarily from scour of the banks of the channel network, and concentrations show a systematic increase with basin area (or distance downstream), quite unlike previous data from the midwestern United States. The sediment rating curve approach is a very good predictor of sediment transport rates, although because of the differences in hydrograph type, there is a large difference between the equations for the 1970 and 1971 spring floods. This difference, and residuals from the sediment rating curves, are considered in a simulation model of sediment production from bank erosion based on the changing shear resistance of bank sediment during a fluctuating hydrograph.
COMPARING RESULTS OF POSTERIOR CERVICAL FACET JOINT CAGE STABILIZATION WITH LATERAL MASS FIXATION IN CERVICAL FORAMINAL STENOSIS

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: Although neck and arm pain are the most common symptoms of cervical foraminal stenosis, neuromotor deficits are also observed.The most common surgical treatment for cervical foraminal stenosis is cervical decompression and fusion.This process is difficult and invasive.The study evaluates the effectiveness and results of posterior cervical facet cages (PCFC) operation in cervical foraminal stenosis.Materials and Methods: In this study, 80 patients who underwent PCFC operation and 70 patients who underwent decompression with lateral mass screw fixation (LMSF) between May 2016 and May 2021 were evaluated.Clinical information, laboratory results, and radiological findings were reviewed retrospectively.The patients were divided into two groups PCFC -applied patients in group 1 and LMSF-applied patients in group 2. Pain complaints of the patients were evaluated using a visual analog scale (VAS).Posterior disc height (PDH) (mm) and foraminal height (FH) (mm) were used for radiological evaluation. Results:The mean hospitalization time of the patients was 27 h in group 1 and 92 h in group 2. There was a statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of mean hospitalization time (p<0.001).The mean preoperative and postoperative VAS scores in group 1 were 6.8 and 2.9 for neck pain, and 7.1 and 2.6 for arm pain, respectively.Mean preoperative and postoperative VAS scores in group 2 were 6.7 and 3.8 for neck pain, respectively.There was a statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of a decrease in VAS scores (p<0.001).PDH in group 1 was 2.3 mm preoperatively and 2.6 mm postoperatively.The FH was 10.2 mm preoperatively and 10.5 mm postoperatively.In group 2, PDH was 2.4 mm preoperatively and 2.3 mm postoperatively.FH was 10.6 mm preoperatively, and no postoperative change was detected.There was a statistically significant difference between groups 1 and 2 in terms of PDH and FH (p<0.001).Conclusion: It shows that minimally invasive facet cages can be considered as a safe alternative method for root decompression and spinal fusion in cervical foraminal stenosis.
The chemical shifts and the conformations of linear hydrocarbons, 2

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The proton chemical shifts of methyl and methylene groups along the chains of some linear hydrocarbons with carbon numbers 9, 16, 22 and 30, were calculated by using P OPLE 's approximation and Monte Carlo method. Contrary to the single peak obtained by averaging the chemical shifts of specified methylene protons for 100 Monte Carlo chains, double peaks were obtained by plotting the distribution of the chemical shifts of the methylene protons without averaging. These results could interpret the experimental behavior of the proton chemical shifts of some linear hydrocarbons in α‐chloronaphthalene solution.
Research on the technology rule of high-power laser pretreatment of granite slitting

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract In order to provide new pretreatment damage morphology for TBM rock breaking, the author used a ten-thousand-watt laser beam to perform cutting experiments on granite. Different laser power and cutting speed were set, and the cutting depth, width, rock removal and mass ratio were measured, calculated and analyzed. The experimental results showed that the laser power increased, the depth of cut, width and rock removal increased, and the mass ratio decreased; the cutting speed increased, the depth of cut, width and rock removal decreased, and the mass ratio increased. Under this experimental condition, the cutting effect is better when the laser power is 12kW and the cutting speed is 6mm/s.
Sequence Type 273 Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Carrying bla NDM-1 and bla IMP-4

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT A carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate was recovered from human blood. Its whole-genome sequence was obtained using Illumina and long-read MinION sequencing. The strain belongs to sequence type 273 (ST273), which was found recently and caused an outbreak in Southeast Asia. It has two carbapenemase genes, bla NDM-1 (carried by an ST7 IncN self-transmissible plasmid) and bla IMP-4 (located on a self-transmissible IncHI5 plasmid). Non-KPC-producing ST237 may represent a lineage of carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae , which warrants further monitoring.
Microdetermination of Carbaryl

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

果実, 玄米, 稲わら中のカルバリルをメタノールで抽出し, 凝固法およびアルミナカラムクロマトグラフィーで精製したのち加水分解し, 生ずるナフトールをケイ光光度計を検出器とする高速液体クロマトグラフィーで定量する方法を開発した. 試料によっては精製法を簡略化することができる. 天然物による妨害はなく, 検出限界は0.004～0.02ppm, 回収率は80%以上であった.
An improved kirkwood superposition approximation for three atoms in rolling contact

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A surprisingly simple ansatz is given which greatly improves the Kirkwood superposition approximation for the three-particle distribution function when two atoms are in contact with a third. This geometry occurs in a number of theories of the liquid state, and is the one for which the Kirkwood approximation is most inaccuate. Results are given for hard sphere and for Lennard-Jones fluids.
Ginseng Extract Improves the Sub-health Status in Young Population: An Observational Study

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

In today's fast-paced society, an increasing number of people are dealing with inexplicable fatigue and facing an intermediate condition between health and disease, which is defined as sub-health status. 1 Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer), a historic Chinese herbal medicine, has long been used around the world as a traditional tonifying product for patients who suffer from deficiency syndromes such as feeling tired and inactive. 2Increasing studies in the past few years have illustrated that its active ingredient ginsenosides can effectively relieve chronic fatigue, and protect the cardiovascular system and cerebral function, thus maintaining body homeostasis.
Voice Quality Measurement in Modern Telecommunication Networks

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Speech quality is the most visible and important aspects of quality of service (QoS) for telecommunication networks. Hence, the ability to monitor and design for this quality has become a top priority. Speech quality refers to the clearness of a speaker's voice as perceived by a listener. Its measurement offers a means of adding the human end-user's perspective to traditional ways of performing network management evaluation of voice telephony services. Traditionally, measurement of users' perception of speech quality has been performed by expensive and time-consuming subjective listening tests. Over the last three decades, numerous attempts have been made to supplement subjective tests with objective measurements based on algorithms that can be computerised and automated. This paper describes the technicalities associated with speech quality measurement, and presents a review of current subjective and objective speech quality evaluation methods and standards in telecommunications.
The International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The Convention on the Settlement of Investment Disputes between States and Nationals of other States came into force on October 14, 1966. It established the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID). Some argument has been made that provision for ICSID arbitration in investment contracts will increase as the laws of various countries accept ICSID jurisdiction in advance. The ICSID lists 30 bilateral treaties in force providing for its jurisdiction in the case of disputes arising out of investments covered by the treaty or requiring investors to accept ICSID arbitration clauses. Some of the most significant arbitrations involving international investment have been ad hoc, i.e. there has been no arbitral institution appointed with competence to administer and supervise the arbitration proceedings. The major suppliers of foreign direct investment capital and members of Group B in the United Nations political groupings are numbered among the 71. The most notable omissions from Group B are Canada.
EXTERNAL DETERMINANTS OF ECONOMIC GROWTH IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: PANEL DATA ANALYSIS

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

In this study, the effects of some exogenous determinants on GDP growth in Brasil, India, China, South Africa and Turkey are analysed over the period 19702011. In this context, current account, export, foreign direct investments and energy import are chosen as exogenous determinants of GDP growth. Firstly, stationary of variables are tested by using LLC and IPS panel unit root tests. Then, existence of long-term relationship between series is analyzed by using Pedroni, Kao and Jhansen Fisher panel co-integration tests. According to results of both three co-integration tests, variables are co-integrated; hence there is a long-term relationship between them
Evidence for regulation of growth, size and pattern in the developing chick limb bud

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT This paper examines the hypothesis that the developing chick limb bud has mechanisms for regulating the control of growth, size and pattern. The tests included: surgical removal of selected parts of the limb field, X-irradiation, temperature shock and the manipulation of known limb organizer regions (removal of the apical ectodermal ridge, or the addition of an extra zone of polarizing activity). The results strongly support the idea that there are regulatory mechanisms controlling both the pattern and the size of the limb and suggest that they involve regulation of the growth rate via control of cell division throughout the embryonic period. Possible mechanisms are discussed.
Jakobshavn Glacier, west Greenland: 30 years of spaceborne observations

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Early 1960's reconnaissance satellite images are compared to more recent image and map data in an interannual and seasonal study of West Central Greenland margin fluctuations. From 1962 to 1992, ice sheet margins to the north and south of Jakobshavn Glacier retreated despite a decline in average summer temperatures. The retreat may be reversing along the southern flank of the ice stream where regional mass balance estimates are positive. From 1950 to 1996, the terminus of Jakobshavn Glacier seasonally fluctuated ∼2.5 km around its annual mean position. The total calving flux during the summer is more than six times that during winter. We identified that summer melting and the break‐up of sea ice and icebergs in the fjord are important in controlling the rate of iceberg production. If correct, calving rates may be expected to increase should climate become warmer in the near future.