jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Additional file 1: of Crosstalk between cancer cells and tumor associated macrophages is required for mesenchymal circulating tumor cell-mediated colorectal cancer metastasis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Table S1. Correlation between the density of macrophages at non-invasive front and clinicopathologic parameters (n = 81). Table S2. Potential STAT3 binding site on miR-506-3p promoter. Table S3. The sequences of the primers for quantitative RT-PCR. Figure S1. CD68+ and CD163+ TAMs at non-invasive front are not associated with EMT, MCTC ratio, and poor prognosis in CRC patients. (A-B) Expression of E-cadherin and Vimentin in human CRC samples with low or high CD68 and CD163 expression at non-invasive front, respectively. (C-D) Correlation analysis between CD68 expression and CD163 at non-invasive front and MCTC ratio, respectively. (E-F) CD68 expression at non-invasive front and the patients’ recurrence-free survival and overall survival in CRC, respectively. (G-H) CD163 expression at non-invasive front and the patients’ recurrence-free survival and overall survival in CRC, respectively. Error bars, SEM. ns, not significant. Figure S2. Validation of in-vitro-generated TAMs. (A) Flow cytometry for analyzing the expression of HLA-DR, CD80, CD206, and CD163 in PMA-treated THP-1 macrophages incubated with conditioned media (CM) from CRC cell lines (HT-29 or HCT116) or normal cell line (NCM460) for 48 h. (B) ELISA for analyzing the secretion of IL-10 and IL-12 in PMA-treated THP-1 macrophages incubated with conditioned media (CM) from CRC cell lines (HT-29 or HCT116) or normal cell line (NCM460) for 48 h; Error bars, SD. (C) ELISA for analyzing the secretion of IL-1β, IFN-γ, and TNF-α in PMA-treated THP-1 macrophages incubated with conditioned media (CM) from CRC cell lines (HT-29 or HCT116) or normal cell line (NCM460) for 48 h; Error bars, SD. (D) The morphology of colorectal cancer cells (HCT116 and HT29) with or without TAMs-coculture. ns, not significant; *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001. Figure S3. STAT3 directly suppressed miR-506-3p expression in CRC cells. (A) A graphical illustration of five potential STAT3 transcriptional factor binding sites in the miR-506-3p promoter region. (B) Serially truncated and mutated miR-506-3p promoter constructs were cloned to pGL3-Basic luciferase reporters and transfected into HT29 cells. The relative luciferase activities were determined after IL-6 (50 ng/mL) treatment for 1 h; Error bars, SD. (C) Selective mutation analyses identified STAT3-responsive regions in the miR-506-3p promoter in HT29 cells; Error bars, SD. (D) ChIP assay demonstrated the direct binding of STAT3 to the miR-506-3p promoter, including nonspecific control (N.C), CHIP1, and CHIP2 in HT29 cells. Input, 5% of total lysate. (E) RT-PCR of the ChIP products confirmed the direct binding capacity of STAT3 to the miR-506-3p promoter in HT29 cells. Input, 5% of total lysate; Error bars, SD. ns, not significant; *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001 (DOCX 2752 kb)
A fly has died a splendid death in a pool of strawberry ice cream.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Humans have evolved an overwhelming awareness of self, other, life, and death. We have learned to selectively process information and to replace dissociated memories with less disturbing ones. We have evolved this ability to deceive ourselves, thus producing a personal reality that is innately false. As a society we tend to idealize our vision of the past, particularly our vision of home. Our idealized notion of home presents itself as a supposedly traditional form of domestic life, but bears little relation to the way people actually lived. This concept of a cozy home full of family love is an invented tradition. Two poles are created: the ideal and the broken self. The sweetness and pleasure in seeing or recalling certain objects or experiences, that nostalgia, intermingles with feelings of sadness, loss, and regret. Glimmers of memory, perhaps real or perhaps fabricated, become dreamlike flashes in the landscape of our mind. Nostalgia and sentiment can be deconstructed through the frailty and distortion of memory by investigating the reality of lost innocence.
Institutionalisation of Science in the Medreses of Pre-Ottoman and Ottoman Turkey

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This chapter shows the transformation from the personal teacher-disciple relationship to the institutional model in Turkish medreses of the pre-Ottoman and Ottoman era until the sixteenth century. The process of the institutionalisation of science during this period is one of the most interesting and intricate subjects in the history of sciences in Islamic civilisation. Islam and the Islamic culture penetrated Anatolia or Asia Minor – the greater part of Turkey – in the first century of the Hegira. We will argue that an initial 'non-inclusion' stage was followed by a gradual 'inclusion' of these sciences into the teaching of the Islamic educational institutions. Before we turn to the study of the scientific and cultural activities in Anatolia during the Seljuk period, we should investigate social and cultural life during the eleventh to fourteenth centuries. The Anatolian medreses fostered and contributed to the new tradition in teaching by including some of the rational sciences in their activities.
V Hudi luknji straši! – Sodobne povedke o prikazni in njihov kontekst<br>Huda luknja Gorge is a Haunted Place! – Contemporary Legends about a Vanishing Lady and Their Context</br>

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Although narratives of a ghost in Huda luknja gorge show textual parallels with an international migratory legend type called ‚vanishing hitchhiker‘, their meaning is clearer when studied as contextualized legends, embedded in the time and space of Huda luknja. Legends about a vanishing lady dressed in black or white have always been adapting to their surrounding socio-historical situation, and were crucially shaped by the establishment of high-school programs in the towns of Velenje and Slovenj Gradec and by cancellation of a railroad connection between Velenje and Dravograd. These events redefined processes of migration through the gorge – especially the migration of young people, who are the most prominent group of the legend‘s tellers.
Classroom Practices and Academic Outcomes in Urban Afterschool Programs: Alleviating Social-Behavioral Risk

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Given the potential of afterschool programs to support youth in urban, low-income communities, we examined the role of afterschool classroom ecology in the academic outcomes of Latino and African American youth with and without social-behavioral risk. Using multireporter methods and multilevel analysis, we find that positive classroom ecology (i.e., social dynamics, responsive instruction, and organized management) positively predicted academic skills and self-concept across 1 year. For academic skills, the association was magnified for students with social-behavioral difficulties; for academic self-concept, the association was magnified for students without social-behavioral difficulties. No significant relation was found between fall classroom ecology and spring academic engagement; yet in classrooms with more positive ecology, youth with initial social-behavioral risk were more academically engaged. Results suggest the need to consider the role of afterschool classrooms and instructors in promoting supportive interactions and advancing academic outcomes for youth facing distal and proximal risk at the transition to adolescence.
Author response for "Anatomical projections to the dorsal tegmental nucleus and abducens nucleus arise from separate cell populations in the nucleus prepositus hypoglossi, but overlapping cell populations in the medial vestibular nucleus"

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Specialized circuitry in the brain processes spatial information to provide a sense of direction used for navigation. The dorsal tegmental nucleus (DTN) is a core component of this circuitry and utilizes vestibular inputs to generate neural activity encoding the animal's directional heading. Projections arising from the nucleus prepositus hypoglossi (NPH) and the medial vestibular nucleus (MVe) are thought to transmit critical vestibular signals to the DTN and other brain areas, including the abducens nucleus (ABN), a component of eye movement circuitry. Here, we utilized a dual retrograde tracer approach in rats to investigate whether overlapping or distinct populations of neurons project from the NPH or MVe to the DTN and ABN. We report that individual MVe neurons project to both the DTN and ABN. In contrast, we observed individual NPH neurons that project to either the DTN or ABN, but rarely to both structures simultaneously. We also examined labeling patterns in other structures located in the brainstem and posterior cortex and observed (1) complex patterns of interhemispheric connectivity between the left and right DTN, (2) projections from the supragenual nucleus, interpeduncular nucleus, and retrosplenial cortex to the DTN, (3) projections from the lateral superior olive to the ABN, and (4) a unique population of cerebrospinal fluid-contacting neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus. Collectively, our experiments provide valuable new information that extends our understanding of the anatomical organization of the brain's spatial processing circuitry.
The SUN protein UNC-84 is required only in force-bearing cells to maintain nuclear envelope architecture

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The nuclear envelope (NE) consists of two evenly spaced bilayers, the inner and outer nuclear membranes. The Sad1p and UNC-84 (SUN) proteins and Klarsicht, ANC-1, and Syne homology (KASH) proteins that interact to form LINC (linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton) complexes connecting the nucleoskeleton to the cytoskeleton have been implicated in maintaining NE spacing. Surprisingly, the NE morphology of most Caenorhabditis elegans nuclei was normal in the absence of functional SUN proteins. Distortions of the perinuclear space observed in unc-84 mutant muscle nuclei resembled those previously observed in HeLa cells, suggesting that SUN proteins are required to maintain NE architecture in cells under high mechanical strain. The UNC-84 protein with large deletions in its luminal domain was able to form functional NE bridges but had no observable effect on NE architecture. Therefore, SUN-KASH bridges are only required to maintain NE spacing in cells subjected to increased mechanical forces. Furthermore, SUN proteins do not dictate the width of the NE.
Who owns the past? The politics of religious heritage in contemporary India

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Purpose This conceptual paper aims to contribute to the growing literature around the “politics of heritage” by focusing on India which has a multifaceted society with several layers of religious culture and history. Design/methodology/approach The work is based on an extensive review of the literature and philosophical discussions relating to the politics of heritage tourism and the political dimensions of nationalism and ethnicity from an interdisciplinary perspective. Findings The main purpose of this conceptual paper is to develop hypotheses. Hence, the study asks: How does postcolonial India reconstruct its past and how are religions represented as part of the national image and for the purpose of tourism promotion? How tourism and religious heritage support a broader secular dreamscape of harmonious cultural nationalism in India? Considering all allegations for supporting the Hindutva movement (who considers Hinduism to be the source of India’s “essential” identity and believes it alone can provide national cohesiveness) by the ruling Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) government in India, it is worth examining if there are any subtle changes to the tourism agenda created by the new government and the ambivalence surrounding it. Is there any place for the “foreigners” (Muslims and Christians) in Hindutva political ideology? Future scholars can analyze how tourism promotional material represents three major religions in the country by the current Indian Government (i.e. BJP) in its official tourism website: www.incredibleindia.org . This will take “politics of heritage” studies to a different trajectory, as analysis of web media has emerged as a critical medium in understanding numerous social processes. Research limitations/implications The paper draws on a wide range of seminal work by scholars of nationalism and ethnicity over the past few decades, but it cannot be comprehensive. Originality/value The paper’s originality lies in its novel approach to an understudied aspect in tourism studies (i.e. politics of heritage) and providing suggestions for future research.
CORDEX-WRF v1.3: development of a module for the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model to support the CORDEX community

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract. The Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment (CORDEX) is a scientific effort of the World Climate Research Program (WRCP) for the coordination of regional climate initiatives. In order to accept an experiment, CORDEX provides experiment guidelines, specifications of regional domains, and data access and archiving. CORDEX experiments are important to study climate at the regional scale, and at the same time, they also have a very prominent role in providing regional climate data of high quality. Data requirements are intended to cover all the possible needs of stakeholders and scientists working on climate change mitigation and adaptation policies in various scientific communities. The required data and diagnostics are grouped into different levels of frequency and priority, and some of them even have to be provided as statistics (minimum, maximum, mean) over different time periods. Most commonly, scientists need to post-process the raw output of regional climate models, since the latter was not originally designed to meet the specific CORDEX data requirements. This post-processing procedure includes the computation of diagnostics, statistics, and final homogenization of the data, which is often computationally costly and time-consuming. Therefore, the development of specialized software and/or code is required. The current paper presents the development of a specialized module (version 1.3) for the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model capable of outputting the required CORDEX variables. Additional diagnostic variables not required by CORDEX, but of potential interest to the regional climate modeling community, are also included in the module. "Generic" definitions of variables are adopted in order to overcome the model and/or physics parameterization dependence of certain diagnostics and variables, thus facilitating a robust comparison among simulations. The module is computationally optimized, and the output is divided into different priority levels following CORDEX specifications (Core, Tier 1, and additional) by selecting pre-compilation flags. This implementation of the module does not add a significant extra cost when running the model; for example, the addition of the Core variables slows the model time step by less than a 5 %. The use of the module reduces the requirements of disk storage by about a 50 %. The module performs neither additional statistics over different periods of time nor homogenization of the output data.
Brillouin light scattering spectroscopy of magnon–phonon thermal spectra of an in-plane magnetized YIG film in two-dimensional wavevector space

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Brillouin Light Scattering (BLS) spectroscopy is widely used for studying collective acoustic and magnetic excitations. In magnetism, it is employed as a versatile tool for measuring the characteristics of magnetic media, visualizing linear and nonlinear spin-wave spatiotemporal dynamics, investigating magnon–phonon interaction effects, and exploring fundamental phenomena such as the Bose–Einstein condensation of magnons. At the same time, magnetic BLS spectroscopy has so far suffered from a lack of possibilities to resolve short-wavelength magnons in arbitrary wavevector directions. Here, we demonstrate two-dimensional thermal magnon and phonon spectra measured in a single-crystal film of Yttrium Iron Garnet (Y3Fe5O12). The wide-range two-dimensional wavevector selectivity is accomplished in the backscattering geometry via independent rotations of the probing beam and the sample plane. The spectra were measured in the range of magnon and phonon wavelengths down to 400nm and are fully consistent with calculations that take into account exchange, dipole, and elastic interactions. Our results open the way to an in-depth study of the magnon, phonon, and magnon–phonon dynamics of solids.
Teaching and Assessing Creativity in STEAM Education

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) has become an international focus of paramount significance. Through educational reform, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) government has stated national strategic measures in its Vision 2021 to raise students' attainment in TIMSS and PISA standardized assessments and to promote STEM education. Furthermore, developing STEM talents in Emirati students is one of the main purposes of the Science, Technology, and Innovation (STI) Policy. Adding art to STEM has a positive impact on students' attitudes, motivations, and interests, leading to development of their creativity skills. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the factors that affect teaching and assessing students' creativity. A mixed-method design was used to answer the research questions. The study was conducted in a private school in the UAE. The participants are science, technology, language art, and mathematics teachers (n=30). The results of the study emphasized that motivation, cognition, and metacognition set as factors affecting students' creativity in STEAM classes. A balance between formative and summative assessment should be considered, to shift the focus from raising students' attainment in standardized assessments to developing their creativity skills.
Microstructure and properties of hot-dip PbSn alloy coating on copper wires

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Hot dip plating was used to prepare Pb40Sn60 and Pb37Sn63 low melting point alloy coatings on copper wires to improve the properties of weldability and corrosion resistance, and the microstructure and phase composition were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Resistivity, mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of the alloy were investigated by the tests of electrical resistivity, tensile and neutral salt spray. The results show that the Pb40Sn60 and Pb37Sn63 alloy coatings are all composed of α phase and β phase, the resistivity of PbSn alloy coatings are all higher than that of copper substrate, the resistivity of Pb40Sn60 alloy coating is 2.6832×10-3Ω·m and Pb37Sn63 alloy coating is 2.5929×10-3 Ω·m. Hardness, strength and plasticity of copper after hot dipped PbSn alloy coatings all decrease, surface hardness of Pb40Sn60 and Pb37Sn63 alloy coatings is respectively 13.4HV0.2 and 12.6HV0.2, tensile strength is respectively 193 MPa and 180 MPa, elongation is respectively 35% and 37%. PbSn alloy coatings on copper wire have good properties of conductivity, mechanical and corrosion resistance. With the decrease of Pb content or the increase of Sn content, the relative amount of α phase is reduced and relative amount of β phase increases in the PbSn alloy coating, resistivity, hardness and strength are all reduced, plasticity increases slightly, its corrosion resistance is enhanced. The corrosion rate of Pb40Sn60 alloy coatings is higher than that of Pb37Sn63 alloy coatings, the corrosion rate of Pb40Sn60 alloy coating is 2.44×10-2 g·cm-2·a-1 and Pb37Sn63 alloy coatings is 3.65×10-3 g·cm-2·a-1, and the corrosion resistance of Pb40Sn60 alloy coatings is relatively poor. The corrosion resistance of α phase is poor than that of β phase, the corrosion degree of α phase is more serious than that of β phase in PbSn alloy coating.
"Endotoxicity" of the Legionnaires' Disease Bacterium

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

The Legionnaires' disease (LD) bacterium is a gram-negative organism whose "endotoxicity" appears to differ in several respects from the classic endotoxicity generally associated with gram-negative bacteria. Discrepancies were noted between the high activity of LD bacteria in gelating limulus lysate in vitro and their low pyrogenicity in rabbits. Further in-vivo biologic tests indicated that LD bacteria were relatively weak in "endotoxicity". Analysis of LD bacterial cells and in their cellular fractions by gas-liquid chromatography indicated that LD bacteria did not contain hydroxy fatty acids commonly associated with lipid A of endotoxin. The branched-chain fatty acids that were characteristic of LD bacteria were associated with the cell envelope, and were readily extracted into organic solvents without prior saponification. The presence of 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonate in LD bacteria and cell extracts was detected by a microassay method but remains to be confirmed with gas-liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. The active principle "endotoxicity" in LD bacteria may be a new type of bacterial lipopolysaccharide.
All about encryption in smart card

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Smart cards are one of the efficient devices in providing security in some systems. Smart cards are secured with using encryption algorithms. Finding the best algorithm in smart cards is more of a concern these days. There are a lot of applications with different types of encryption algorithm. Although many people have worked on modifying and improving the algorithms, the needs for having all information about them in one place and detailed comparisons between them are essential. In this paper we are going to describe the most popular and efficient encryption algorithms in smart cards such as RSA, ECC, DES and ECDSA and comparisons between these algorithms to find out the differences. This result can be helpful for such new device such as multipurpose smart cards. Results are considered under different hardware settings and languages.