jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Panx1 and Panx3 regulate adipocyte development and fat accumulation in vivo

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The obesity epidemic is a growing concern due to its various comorbidities and associated risk factors. Pannexins 1 and 3 (Panx1 and Panx3), are members of a family of channel-forming glycoproteins that have been reported to be important in paracrine signaling and development. Panx1 and Panx3 are homologous and are regulated in many different cell types, mediating cell proliferation and differentiation. We have shown that Panx1 and Panx3 are expressed in adipocytes and adipose-derived stromal cells (ASCs) throughout the process of differentiation. Mice globally lacking Panx1 (Panx1 KO) have significantly greater total fat mass compared to wildtype (WT) mice under a normal diet. Comparatively, mice globally lacking Panx3 (Panx3 KO) have significantly less total fat mass compared to WT mice on the same diet. Multipotent ASCs isolated from both Panx1 KO and Panx3 KO mice proliferate less than WT cells. ASCs lacking Panx1 also have increased adipogenic differentiation and fat accumulation capacity compared to WTs. Despite the Panx1 KO mice having greater fat content, when placed on a high fat diet, they exhibit no differences in weight gain or metabolic parameters compared to WT mice. When placed in metabolic cages, Panx1 KO mice display significantly increased total activity, ambulatory activity, and sleep significantly less than WT mice. In contrast, Panx3 KO mice placed on a high fat diet exhibit a slight reduction in weight gain, however show no significant differences when placed in metabolic cages on regular diets. We conclude that both Panx1 and Panx3 are regulated throughout adipocyte proliferation and differentiation at early stages in the adipogenic lineage and can regulate fat accumulation in vivo, potentially playing contrasting roles.
THE UPTAKE AND TRANSLOCATION OF PHOSPHORUS IN DENDROBE

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The characteristics of absorption and translocation of phosphorus in dendrobe were revealed by using 32 P.The results indicated that each part of dendrobe could absorb phosphorus,and the highest plant total radioactivity was obtained in the treatment of labelled mature leaf.The plant total 32 P radioactivity increased with the root uptake time and reached the highest 96 hours after absorption.With the increase of days after transplanting,plant dry weight increased steadily and 32 P was translocated into young stem and young leaf in which dry weight also increased most quickly.The amounts of phosphorus in 25℃ and 40℃ treatments were 2\^3 and 2\^5 times of that in 10℃ treatment,respectively.The absorbed phosphorus under intermediate light intensity (2×10 4Lx) and high light intensity (5×10 4Lx) increased by 74% and 23% compared with low light intensity (5×10 3Lx),respectively.
Effect of direct-to-consumer advertising of prescription medications in an elderly population.

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This study examined the effect of "direct-to-consumer" advertising of prescription drug products on elderly consumers. Specifically, the study examined the effects of the promotion and information content of an ad on elderly consumers' product attitudes and risk perceptions. The study had a two (involvement: high or low) by two (argument quality: strong or weak) by two (source credibility: high or low) design based on the theoretical concepts of the Elaboration Likelihood Model; a general model of attitude change that provides a comprehensive framework for organizing and understanding the underlying processes of persuasive communications. The study plan involved randomly assigning a group of elderly consumers (N = 136) to each of the experimental conditions and exposing them to an advertisement for a fictitious prescription drug. After reviewing the advertisement, subjects responded to a set of questions measuring their attitudes toward the advertisement and the product, behavioral intentions to use the product, and perceived risk. Expectations were that the quality of information presented in the ad would have a greater impact under high involvement conditions (a two-way interaction effect between involvement and argument quality) and that source credibility would have a greater impact under the low involvement condition (a two-way interaction between involvement and source credibility). The study design also allowed for detection of three-way interaction effects between involvement, source credibility and argument quality. Analysis of the full data set revealed that neither of the hypothesized two-way interactions were statistically significant. However, an ANOVA of effects with a number of extreme observations removed showed a three-way interaction effect between involvement, source credibility and argument quality on attitudes toward the product (p = 0.02) and perceptions of risk (p = 0.1). Under high involvement conditions, subjects exposed to strong argument quality (low risk) messages generated more favorable attitudes toward the product and less perceived risk than subjects exposed to weak argument quality (high risk) messages. Under low involvement conditions, subjects exposed to strong argument quality (low risk) messages also generated more favorable product attitudes and less perceived risk, but only when exposed to a low credibility spokesperson.
Rotationally-affected Internally Heated Convection

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We study convection in a volumetrically heated fluid which is cooled from both plates and is under rotation through the use of direct numerical simulations. The onset of convection matches similar systems and predictions from asymptotic analysis. At low rotation rates, the fluid becomes more organised, enhancing heat transport and increasing boundary layer asymmetry, whereas high rotation rates suppresses convection. Velocity and temperature statistics reveal that the top unstably stratified boundary layer exhibits behaviour consistent with other rotating convective systems, while the bottom boundary shows a unique interaction between unstable stratification and Ekman boundary layers. Additional flow statistics such as energy dissipation are analysed to rationalise the flow behaviour.
Pressure eventssurrounding oesophageal acid reflux episodes andacid clearance inambulant healthy volunteers

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

studies ofthemechanisms that pre- cipitate acid reflux episodes andacid clearance haveusedunphysiological, short termhospital baseddata. A new24hourpH andmotility recording system combined with computerised dataanalysis havebeenusedtostudy naturally occurring acidreflux episodes inhealthy ambulant volunteers. A variety ofevents that producedrecognisable transdiaphragmatic pressure patterns wereassociated withacid refluxepisodes(particularly belching). Peristaltic waveswerethepredominant con- tractions leading tooesophageal acidclear- anceandwerethecommonestcontraction typeduring reflux episodes. Peristaltic wave parameters (amplitude, velocity, frequency, andpercentage proportion) varied during different periods ofthe24hourrecording. This study hasproduced newinformation about 24houroesophageal function andnaturally occurring acid reflux which will provide abasis forcomparison withpatients withgastro- oesophageal reflux disease. (Gut1993; 34:444449) Thefactors andmechanisms that precipitate acid reflux episodes andclear refluxed acid incontrol subjects havebeenthesubject ofextensive investigation overtheyears. Theresults form thebasis ofourunderstanding ofnormal oesophageal function inrelation topathological conditions. Oesophageal manometry hasplayed an important partintheseinvestigations increasing ourunderstanding ofthepatho- physiology ofgastro-oesophageal reflux disease. Thepresence ofalower oesophageal sphincter (LOS)hasbeenconfirmed. 'Manypatients with oesophagitis havenegligible LOSpressure2 but insomeitisnormal whenassessed bystandard pull through manometry. Inthese subjects and incontrols, itisthought thattransient LOS relaxation istheprincipal mechanism bywhich reflux occurs.34 Oesophageal manometry has established a normalrangeofoesophageal motility5 andhasshown poormotility inpatients withgastro-oesophageal
EARLINET/ACTRIS Early Warning System for atmospheric aerosol aviation hazards

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

&lt;p&gt;Volcanic eruptions have the capacity to significantly impact human life, consequently, tools for mitigating them are of high importance. The early detection of a potentially hazardous volcanic eruption and the issuance of early warnings concerning volcanic hazards (e.g. ash dispersal), are key elements in the initiation of operational response procedures. Historically, lidars have not typically played a key operational role during volcanic eruptions, with other remote sensing instruments such as radars, infrared and ultraviolet cameras being preferred. Recently, a tailored product of the European Aerosol Research Lidar Network (EARLINET) for the early warning of the presence of volcanic ash and desert dust plumes at cruising altitudes has been developed. Here, we extend the applicability of this methodology to lidars and ceilometers near active volcanoes in Iceland and Mt. Etna in Italy. The tailored methodology and selected case studies will be presented, demonstrating its potential for real-time application during volcanic eruptions.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Acknowledgements&lt;/strong&gt;: This work has been conducted within the framework of the E-shape (Grant Agreement n. 820852) and EUNADICS-AV (Grant agreement no. 723986) H2020 projects. Furthermore, the authors acknowledge the ACTRIS-2 and ACTRIS Preparatory Phase projects that have received funding from the European Union&amp;#8217;s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement No. 654109) and from European Union&amp;#8217;s Horizon 2020 Coordination and Support Action (grant agreement No. 739530), respectively.&lt;/p&gt;
Interleukin-12 is chemotactic for natural killer cells and stimulates their interaction with vascular endothelium

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Abstract We investigated the chemotactic activity of interleukin (IL)-12 on human natural killer (NK) cells and other leukocyte subsets. It was found that IL-12 induced directional migration of highly enriched preparations of NK cells (> 80% CD16+ and CD56+) and CD3-activated T cells (both of CD4 and CD8 subset), but not resting T cells and monocytes. On the contrary, purified polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) showed significant and reproducible chemotactic response to IL-12. The effects of IL-12 on leukocyte migration were observed in a narrow concentration range with a peak at approximately 7.5 ng/mL, and were abrogated by monoclonal antibody (MoAb) anti-IL-12 or after cytokine boiling. We also investigated the interaction of NK cells with vascular endothelium in vitro. Overnight treatment of NK cells with IL-12 augmented their binding to cultured endothelial cells (EC) obtained from umbilical veins. IL-12-increased binding was better observed when resting rather than IL-1-activated EC were used as substratum of adhesion. IL-12-augmented binding of NK cells to resting or IL-1- activated EC involved the LFA-1/ICAM-1 and VLA-4/VCAM-1 pathways. Thus, by inducing migration and interaction with EC, IL-12 regulates crucial determinants of NK-cell recruitment in tissues.
A Study on the 'Rainy Look' of the Contemporary Fashion

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The fashion items of the "Rainy Look" has become fashion items that could be worn in any weather. Accordingly, there is a need for this study to research the fashion items of the Rainy Look as its influence is becoming big enough to impact modern fashion and expand into the high fashion and street fashion. First of all, the purpose of this study is to analyze the fashion items of the Rainy Look that were represented in the high fashion and street fashion of 21st century. And the analysis was performed using the following categories: the functional aspect, aesthetic aspect, and the formativeness of fashion items. Through this, the study provided fashion styling materials using the Rainy Look fashion items. This study examined the concepts and characteristics of the Rainy Look as a literature study and analyzed its characteristics, which appeared in collections and street fashions. Especially as attires coordinated with business casuals in the street fashion, they appeared often among commuting office workers. And the conveniences of having a string in the waistline or securing storage space or detachable function. On the contrary, traditional raincoat designs appeared often in high fashion and as feminine styles, which is characterized by a slimmed waist with a use of a belt. and a flared lower part, such as shoulder patch or strap.
Adjusting the Common Agricultural Policy for an EU Eastern Enlargement: Alternatives and Impacts on the Central European Associates

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Ten of the Central European countries expressed their intention to become members of the European Union (EU) and signed the Association Agreements. In these treaties the EU stated its interest to grant these countries, called the Central European Associates (CEAs), such membership. Some of the reasons for seeking membership are market-related while others are determined by political factors. To the former belong economic development, efficiency, security of market access, competitiveness and stability in economic policy settings. The latter comprise aspects such as historical links, political security and stability and observing minority rights.KeywordsEuropean UnionAgricultural PolicyCommon Agricultural PolicyGross National ProductUruguay RoundThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Place-Based Chaplaincy: An Interfaith Approach to Chaplaincy Training

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Clinical Pastoral Education (CPE) claims to be an interfaith chaplaincy training program. However, what constitutes interfaith chaplaincy is not clearly defined in CPE literature. This study asks the question: “Does interfaith chaplaincy work?” In other words, “Can a person be trained to offer support to people from a range of religious traditions other than their own?” To examine this question, I interviewed thirteen professional chaplains and conducted three focus group interviews with a group of chaplaincy students in Hawaiʻi. I argue that, while CPE training effectively prepares students for a ministry of presence, it does not train students to function as religious experts. To succeed in an interfaith capacity, I suggest that chaplains need religious and socio-cultural education specific to the populations with whom they are working. My study concludes with a proposal for a place-based chaplaincy course which integrates an academic approach to religion with CPE’s experiential training program.
Purified omega-conotoxin GVIA receptor of rat brain resembles a dihydropyridine-sensitive L-type calcium channel.

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The omega-conotoxin GVIA (CTX) receptor has been purified 1900-fold to apparent homogeneity by monitoring both reversible binding of 125I-labeled CTX (125I-CTX) and photoincorporation of N-hydroxysuccinimidyl-4-azidobenzoate-125I-CTX (HSA-125I-CTX). Photoincorporation of HSA-125I-CTX into a 230-kDa protein exhibits a pharmacologic and chromatographic profile indicating that the 230-kDa protein is the CTX-binding subunit of the receptor. The pharmacologic specificity of 125I-CTX binding to the purified CTX receptor closely resembles that of the native membrane-bound form with respect to sensitivity towards CTX (Kd = 32 pM) and other peptide toxin antagonists. The purified CTX receptor comprises the 230-kDa protein (alpha 1) and four additional proteins with apparent molecular masses of 140 (alpha 2), 110, 70 (beta 2), and 60 (beta 1) kDa. This subunit structure closely resembles that of the 1,4-dihydropyridine-sensitive L-type calcium channel.
Introduction of software engineering to freshman: Challenges and rewards

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

It is likely that the first programming course that a Software Engineering (SE) or a Computer Science (CS) freshman student takes at a university is Object- Oriented (OO) Programming with Java. The emphasis in the typical course is on development/language basics. The importance of process, design, testing, etc., considered core elements of Software Engineering, are typically ignored in such a class. It is believed that these concepts can be taught in later courses. This paper describes our experience of incorporating the core elements of the software engineering process in the first programming course for freshman at the Milwaukee School of Engineering (MSOE). The evolution of the introductory programming sequence at MSOE along with our initial assessment is also presented.
Effect of TLC-NOSF Dressing on Epithelization of Diabetic Wounds: A Pilot Clinical Trial

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: The positive effects of technology-lipid-colloid (TLC) dressings impregnated with nano-oligosaccharide factors (NOSF) have been well documented. However, there is insufficient study on the specific impact of TLC-NOSF dressings on epithelization in patients with diabetes who have partial-thickness wounds. This article presents the results of a pilot clinical trial conducted to address the aforementioned issue.Methods: Twenty patients with diabetes who underwent split-thickness skin grafting were enrolled in this study. Half of the donor site was covered with a TLC-NOSF dressing, whereas the other half was covered with a TLC dressing. The ratio of complete epithelialization within 14 days postoperatively was compared between the two groups. Furthermore, progress of epithelialization was assessed to determine whether the TLC or TLC-NOSF dressing promoted more rapid epithelialization.Results: Seventeen patients completed the study. The percentages of complete epithelialization in the TLC and TLC-NOSF dressing groups were 41% (7/17) and 53% (9/17), respectively (P = 0.49). Regarding the degree of epithelialization, the differences between the TLC-NOSF and TLC dressing were not statistically significant. The TLC-NOSF dressing was superior in nine patients, while the TLC dressing was superior in two patients. Six patients demonstrated “no significant difference” (P = 0.11).Conclusion: Based on the current results alone, it is difficult to definitively conclude that TLC-NOSF dressings are superior to TLC dressings. However, these findings suggest a potential positive effect of TLC-NOSF dressings. Further large-scale studies are required to validate these results.
The Double-Edged Sword of Loyalty

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Loyalty has long been associated with being moral and upstanding, but recent research has begun documenting how loyalty can lead us to do unethical things. Here we offer an integrative perspective that explains when and why loyalty leads to both ethical and unethical outcomes. We suggest that a variety of bottom-up and top-down psychological processes lead us to be loyal to people and organizations we have obligations to, and that these processes operate in ways that reduce the cognitive dissonance that we experience in situations in which our loyalties conflict with other moral principles. In this article, we articulate what loyalty is, describe the typical objects of our loyalty, explain the mental processes involved in navigating loyalty dilemmas, and end by offering an integrative perspective that illuminates why loyalty leads to both ethical and unethical outcomes.
Behavior-Based Recommender Systems as Value-Added Services for Scientific Libraries

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Amazon.com paved the way for several large-scale, behavior-based recommendation services as an important value-added expert advice service for online book shops. In this contribution we discuss the effects (and possible reductions of transaction costs) for such services and investigate how such a value-added service can be implemented in the context of scientific libraries. For this purpose we present a new, recently developed recommender system based on a stochastic purchase incidence model, present the underlying stochastic model from repeat-buying theory and analyze whether the underlying assumptions on consumer behavior hold for users of scientific libraries, too. We have analyzed the logfiles with approximately 85 million http-transactions of the web-based online public access catalog (OPAC) of the library of the Universitat Karlsruhe (TH) since January 2001 and performed some diagnostic checks. A test prototype is already operational and is currently being evaluated. The recommender service will be fully operational within the library system of the Universitat Karlsruhe (TH) by the end of June 2002.
A Dynamic Simulation Approach to Analyze Hydro-Electric Energy Production under Variable Flow and Demand Conditions

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Shortage of electric energy is one of the major problems in developing countries, especially in Southeast Asia. The energy producing companies are facing a challenge of meeting increasing demand with significant peak and base load differences with hydro-electric projects. The variability in energy demand (hourly and seasonal) and seasonal changes in streamflow availability to harness energy complicate the design and regulation of a hydro-electric project. A system dynamics model was developed for a hydro-electric project in Nepal with the variable energy demand and the availability of streamflow as the primary control parameters. Analyses were conducted to determine the effect on electricity production from the plant in a year among the various scenarios. An installed capacity of 12 megawatts and storage capacity of 750,000 cubic meters was determined to be a threshold for steep increment in electricity production for the simulated demand. The growth in national installed capacity showed non-linear decrease in electric production from a plant while an increase in electricity demand and its variation showed a non-linear increase. Such models for hydro-electric plants may be helpful in selecting the appropriate storage and installed capacity under variable demand and supply conditions and possible future scenarios.
Intelligent Fast Handover Scheme for Mobile IPv6-based Wireless Local Area Networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

IEEE 802.11-based wireless local area networks (WLANs) have experienced rapid growth for some years. Increasingly ubiquitous, they are deployed in hotspots such as airports, campuses, shopping malls, providing Internet access for mobile users. Meanwhile, Internet service providers can be endowed with substantial increased productivity by enabling roaming users to access data in wireless systems. Such facts render handover management one critical issue for WLANs. Fast handovers for mobile IPv6 (FMIPv6) relies on layer two (L2) pre-triggers to anticipate link prediction; this limits its applicability over WLANs. On the other hand, typical L2 handoff results in at least 250 ms delays, this makes supporting real-time application impossible. Thus new mobility management protocol is essential to improve the performance of FMIPv6 over WLANs. This paper proposes a new intelligent fast handover scheme for mobile IPv6-based WLANs. The new approach consists of equipping mobile nodes with pre-configured mobility pattern to select new access point prior to attachment. And access points are location-aware with new functionality to know the operating channels of its neighborhood. To show the effectiveness, simulations are conducted using a wireless network simulator, SimulX. Of which preliminary simulation results demonstrate that our proposal delivers better performance than FMIPv6 when deploying in WLANs.