jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
DETERMINANTS OF DIET AND FLUID ADHERENCE AMONG END STAGE RENAL DISEASE PATIENTS UNDERGOING HAEMODIALYSIS AT MOI TEACHING AND REFERRAL HOSPITAL, UASIN GISHU COUNTY, KENYA

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Purpose: This study was conducted to establish determinants of diet and fluid adherence among ERSD patients undergoing hemodialysis at Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital- Uasingishu county. Kenya. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study design was applied. Using Fisher’s formula, a sample size of 145 participants were conveniently recruited. Data collection was done by use of modified end stage renal disease adherence questionnaire (ESRD-AQ). Chi-square (χ2) was used to test statistical significance. Frequency tables and bar graphs were used for data presentation. SPSS version 22.0 was used for data analysis. Results: The study revealed that knowledge on nutritional requirements for renal patients was marginally associated with dietary and fluid intake with a higher proportion of those with low nutritional knowledge (83.6%) adhering to diet and a relatively smaller proportion in the same category (58.9%) complying with fluid intake. A significant relationship with dietary adherence was observed where participants practiced fluid restrictions (p=0.003) and the frequency in which health staff talk about the importance of following proper diet (p <0.0001). On social support domain, a significant association was observed in patients who agreed that various social support aspects help improve depression, self-esteem, self-management, etc. and who adhered to diet scored a significantly higher mean of 5.6 (95% CI = 5.5 – 5.6) in contrast to non-adherent counterparts who had a mean of 5.5 (p = 0.0006). Among the economic factors with significant association with diet adherence were; use of bus for transport (p=0.02); income of less than KSH. 30,000 (p=0.006); treatment cost (p=0.007) and ability to access material support that helps in adherence (p=0.003). Those who claimed that lack of transport was the main reason for missing dialysis practiced fluid adherence (p=0.01) with a smaller proportion (44%) adhering to fluid restriction in comparison to 70.8% who had transport and were non- adherent. Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study findings are unique to the study site and it’s hoped that it can be used to inform hospital policy makers in addressing adherence challenges in ESRD patients on hemodialysis. The study recommends a holistic study on determinants of adherence to hemodialysis, medication use, dietary, and fluid compliance among patients undergoing HD at MTRH should be conducted in order to produce generalized results.
Figure 4 from: Lee J-W, Yun H-G, Hwang TY, Kim K, Jung S-H, An JB (2023) Floristic inventory and distribution characteristics of algific talus slopes in a specific area of forest biodiversity in South Korea. Biodiversity Data Journal 11: e113952. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.11.e113952

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Figure 4 Pictures showing floristic target plants on the algific talus slope in South Korea.
Corée du Nord : les événements de l'année 1976

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

North Korea : The Events of 1976. The note examines the evolution of the economy and foreign relations of North Korea in 1976. The first part is devoted to internal problems (political crisis, events in the communist party's life, economy, etc.) and the second one to foreign relations (with the U.S.S.R. and the People's Republic of China, inter- Korean relations, etc.).
Long-term follow-up studies: worth waiting for? A case study of middle-class offenders

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Long-term follow-up studies can be expensive and time-consuming with results which sometimes seem to be out-dated. However, do these projects produce empirical riches which cannot be delivered by other research designs, such as cross-sectional studies? The paper first considers some classic examples from the literature, including the Cambridge Development Study developed by West and Farrington, the Gluecks’ study completed by Sampson and Laub and the 25-year follow-up of sex offenders by Prentky et al. Next the paper focuses on a recent 35-year criminological follow-up of a consecutive series of 388 offenders who were seeking white-collar employment between 1 January 1970 and 31 March 1973. Hence, their class position – defined in occupational terms – is quite clear. However, they may or may not have been engaged in what can be described as conventional white-collar crime. In fact, when they were originally interviewed, there is evidence that approaching one-half (or 49%) of the series had had convictions for offences committed against an employer. However, the pivotal question is what, if anything, is gained in criminological knowledge with a very long-term criminological follow-up of such offenders.
Romanticism and Aestheticism

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract Not only a custodian of a long-lost Romantic movement, Yeats presents himself as a survivor. Although the filthy modern tide may impatiently have sidelined the heritage of Romanticism, Yeats stands forward as witness to the neglected but constant value of that heritage. He is a survivor in much the same sense that he is a survivor of the late nineteenth-century protest against Victorian values. Although it is a powerful presence, Romanticism is no univocal thing in his writings but, rather, interacts in constantly changing ways with other historical tendencies and movements, and this chapter shows how a Decadent and aestheticist inflection was important to Yeats’s relationship to Romanticism.
The Restorative Justice Attitudes Scale: Development and Initial Psychometric Evaluation

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Restorative justice as an applied and theoretical construct has received growing public attention; yet, little research on restorative justice has been conducted within psychology, including counseling psychology—a subfield devoted to social justice, advocacy, and the promotion of human rights and dignity for all people. This may in part be due to the lack of established empirical measurement concerning restorative justice. We developed the Restorative Justice Attitudes Scale (RJAS) using data collected from 650 US adults. Exploratory analyses yielded a 5-factor structure composed of 20 items within five dimensions: (a) Empathic Understanding, (b) Harm and Needs, (c) Restoration Processes, (d) Accountability, and (e) Community Engagement. However, confirmatory analyses suggested the use of a total scale score. Evidence of construct validity was established as the RJAS score was related to measures of empathy and perspective-taking. We discuss implications for the use of the RJAS in practice, advocacy, education, training, and research.
[Virtual bronchoscopy: the correlation between endoscopic simulation and bronchoscopic findings].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Our preliminary data are encouraging. Segmental bronchi were depicted in nearly all cases, except for the branches involved by disease. Obstructing lesions could be bypassed in some cases, making an indication for endoscopic laser therapy. Future didactic perspectives and applications to minimally invasive or virtual reality-assisted therapy seem promising, even though actual clinical applications require further studies.
[Mark's disease: V. Experimental behavior of 3 isolates taken place in the country].

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Three experiments were designed to determine the parameters of virus infection, antibodies and mortality with three different MD isolates inoculated in one day old birds from commercial origin. The animals were divided in three inoculated lots (1-2-3) and three control groups (4-1, 4-2, 4-3) and were followed weekly from hatching through 17 weeks. The former were inoculated respectivelly with FOV-6, FCV-8 and FCV-9. Each day old bird received between 50-75 FPU/bird by I.P. route. Samples were taken from circulating blood of five birds by cardiac puncture with an heparinized syringe (20 U/ml), were centrifuged and the white cells inoculated to 5-15 four day old embryos by yolk salk route for virus detection; plasma was assayed by immunodiffusion against MD antigen in order to detect precipitating antibodies, and mortality was recorded after microscopical examination. Infection appeared to persist indefinitelly in the host chicken flock and coexist with (100%) precipiting antibodies, (Fig. 1-2-3). First virus isolation was accomplished after 4 weeks post-inoculation and the 100% porcentage of antibodies, was found only 1-3 weeks after the first peak of viraemia. With the most pathogenic isolate FCV-6 (ig. 1) the antibody response was significantly delayed. Maternal antibodies decreased more rapidly in inoculated than in control birds. Accumulative mortality showed isolate FCV-6 and FCV-8 as pathogenic strains and FCV-9 strain as less pathogenic. Mortality begun 1-3 weeks after the first peak of virus detection in the flock, independently of the pathogenic pattern of the isolate, but frecuencies of death were markedly different.
FAIR for Research Software, Machine Learning Models, and Workflows

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The FAIR Principles have two aspects: They were written specifically for research data and they also claim to be general for all research objects. In practice, this means that while the high-level concepts (findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable) are generally applicable, the details of the wording, their context, and how they are applied is not. Different groups have been studying how the FAIR principles could be applied to other types of research objects, such as research software, machine learning models, and workflows, and this session will include talks on these three efforts and their status, followed by questions from the audience to the speakers and moderator.
Functional Isosthenuria

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

True polyuria and polydipsia are symptoms frequently encountered in clinical medicine. Generally they indicate a serious organic disorder which must be systematically investigated for prompt and adequate diagnosis. Table 1 represents a schematic presentation of the major polyuric syn- dromes. In all instances the symptom arises whenever there is a decrease in the per cent of the water normally reabsorbed from the glomerular filtrate. As can be seen, this results from (1) a decrease in the reabsorption of water per se, (2) a decrease in the reabsorption of solutes, with, therefore, an obligatory excretion of water (absolute or relative osmotic diuresis*), or (3) a combination of one and two. Recently a case was observed which, while classifiable, presented features which to our knowledge had not been previously described. This patient, an example of long-standing psychogenic polydipsia, was initially unable to concentrate his urine above the osmolality of his extracellular fluid,
Spinosad and Mixtures of an Entomopathogenic Fungus and Pyrethrins for Control of Sitona lineatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Field Peas

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract The pea leaf weevil, Sitona lineatus L., is an important pest of field peas and faba beans in most temperate regions. As no information is currently available on efficacy of biopesticides for S. lineatus control, laboratory bioassays were performed to evaluate the impact of biopesticides (spinosad, Beauveria bassiana strain GHA, pyrethrins, B. bassiana GHA + pyrethrins, and B. bassiana GHA + azadirachtin) against adults of this pest. The concentrations used in this bioassay were 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 times the lowest labeled application rate of each product. Results were further verified in cage experiments by assessing biopesticide effects on adult mortality and feeding damage in pea plants. The impact of biopesticides on mortality of larvae of two beneficial species, Chrysoperla carnea and Adalia bipunctata, was also tested in laboratory conditions. We found spinosad to be the most promising candidate, causing 100% adult mortality at high and medium concentrations. Beauveria bassiana and its combination with pyrethrins caused 60–62% adult mortality, but only at the highest concentration. In contrast, B. bassiana + azadirachtin and pyrethrins treatments caused only minimal adult mortality at all concentrations. In cage experiments, spinosad and B. bassiana + pyrethrins had significant effects on adult mortality and provided foliage protection from adult feeding. Conversely, the fungus treatment alone showed inconsistent performance. Beauveria bassiana and spinosad were generally harmless to C. carnea and A. bipunctata larvae, but B. bassiana + pyrethrins was toxic toward beneficial species. These results could help to improve integrated pest management programs intended to control S. lineatus.
The Effect of Relationship Films on the Attitudes of Homemaking Girls

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Films have been used with varying degrees of success to influence the attitudes of pupils of different ages and interests. Little has been done, however, to measure the attitudes of girls in high school homemaking classes. It is the purpose of this study to use films as an integral part of a group relationships unit and to determine what attitude changes, if any, are directly attributable to film content.
Water soluble drug delivery systems based on a non-biological bioadhesive polymeric system.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Matrix properties and release behaviour of monolithic devices based on a water soluble polymer has been investigated. Polyethyleneoxides of different molecular weights have been used and different molecular weight fractions have been blended in order to tune the release mechanism. Drug release kinetics have been closely related to swelling and dissolution properties of the adopted matrices. In particular the development of the external swollen layer of the tablet as well as the kinetic of dissolution have been monitored. The different drug delivery behaviours observed were related to the different matrix properties. Viscoelastic properties of the matrices have been also investigated. In fact, in order to obtain effective bioadhesive drug release devices, apart from the intrinsic mucoadhesive capabilities of the used polymers, also the viscoelastic properties of the water-polymer gel must also be taken into account. A good interpenetration between the adjacent layers of the mucus and the polymer gel is ineffective in holding the mucoadhesive tablet at a specific site if the polymer gel does not have a proper viscoelastic behaviour. The best compromise between good release, viscoelatic and mucoadhesive properties was obtained in the case of 50% by weight blend of the two adopted polymer fractions (600,000 and 4,000,000 molecular weight).
Committee warns of risk of private computed tomography

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

A Nigerian judge has ordered the arrests of three Pfizer officials for failing to attend court to respond to criminal charges against Pfizer for treating children with an experimental drug during a deadly meningitis outbreak in Kano, Nigeria, in 1996.Judge Shehu Atiku in Kano ordered arrest warrants for the head of Pfizer in Nigeria, Ngozi Edozien, and the senior officials Lare Baale and Segun Donguro, after they failed to attend court on 6 November.Government prosecutors in Nigeria say that Pfizer used critically ill children as "guinea pigs" to study Pfizer's experimental drug trovafloxacin.Four separate legal actions have been filed in Nigeria against Pfizer, including 31 criminal counts against 10 people.Plaintiffs seek a total of $9bn (£4.5bn; €6bn) in civil suits.Pfizer says that it will "vigorously defend itself against the 'untrue allegations' in the government's lawsuits," and it says that the children died from meningitis and not from the drugs.In response to the
[Ru(bpy)2(dppz-NH2)]2+ Complex (dppz-NH2: 7-Amino-dipyrido[3,2-a : 2′,3′-c]phenazine) as a Useful Photosensitizing Unit for the Construction of Photoinduced Energy Transfer Systems

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract 7-Amino-dipyrido[3,2-a : 2′,3′-c]phenazine (dppz-NH2) has a diimine coordination site, a rigid and extended π conjugation system, and a reactive amino group within the molecule, and [Ru(bpy)2(dppz-NH2)]2+ was synthesized as a useful photosensitizing unit for the construction of photoinduced energy-transfer systems. Anthraquinone, anthracene, and [Os(bpy)3]2+ derivatives having a carboxylic acid function were used as energy-accepting units, and were successfully connected to [Ru(bpy)2(dppz-NH2)]2+ through an amide bond. Electronic spectral and electrochemical studies of the resultant complexes were carried out, and it was shown that effective excited electron or energy transfer took place from the Ru(II) polypyridyl center to these units. In the case of the heterodinuclear Ru(II)/Os(II) complex, emission from the Ru(II) polypyridyl center was effectively quenched and that from the Os(II) polypyridyl center was increased compared to the reference Os(II) polyimine complex. The rate of energy transfer from the Ru(II) to the Os(II) polypyridyl center through the dppz-amide connector was estimated to be 1.0 × 108 s-1 in acetonitrile.
Gefitinib improves outcome in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer compared with standard chemotherapy.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) face a poor prognosis; standard chemotherapy leads to a response in less than 1/3rd of the patients, and a mean survival period of less than 1 year. However, a significant proportion of NSCLC patients carry a somatic mutation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR); these patients appear to have a significant increased response (up to 70%) to gefitinib – a selective tyrosine kinase inhibitor of EGFR. A recent phase 3 trial tested the hypothesis that gefitinib would lead to better outcome compared with standard chemotherapy with carboplatin–paclitaxel in patients with advanced (metastatic) NSCLC and EGFR mutation, not previously treated with chemotherapy.

This study randomized 230 patients with NSCLC and EGRF mutation, to receive one of the above-mentioned treatments. The study was stopped prematurely after the interim analysis of the data from the first 200 patients showed a significant improvement of both the primary endpoint (progression-free survival) and secondary endpoints (overall survival, response rate, and toxic effects) in the gefitinib-assigned group. Thus, the median progression-free survival was 10.8 months in the gefitinib group compared with 5.4 months in the chemotherapy group (HR, 0.30; 95% CI, 0.22 to 0.41; P<0.001), leading to a median overall survival of 30.5 vs. 23.6 months (P = 0.31). Response rate was also higher in the gefitinib group (73.7% vs. 30.7%, P<0.001). The most prevalent adverse reactions were rash and elevated liver enzymes in the gefitinib group (71% and 55%, respectively), compared with neutropenia, anemia, and neuropathy in the chemotherapy group (77%, 65%, and 55%, respectively).

Thus, the conclusion of this study was that first-line [treatment with] gefitinib for patients with advanced NSCLC who were selected on the basis of EGFR mutations improved progression-free survival, with acceptable toxicity, as compared with standard chemotherapy. ❑
A FILTERABLE VIRUS INFECTION OF RABBITS

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

1. Blood and joint fluid of patients suffering from rheumatic fever were inoculated into the testicles of rabbits, and transfers were made from testicle to testicle at varying intervals. In three series, in none of which were the periods between the transfers longer than 4 days, a virus was recovered which produced acute orchitis in rabbits. The virus could be indefinitely propagated from rabbit to rabbit. 2. Intradermal inoculation of the virus led to the appearance of raised erythematous lesions in 3 to 6 days. 3. Intrathoracic inoculations near the heart led to a fibrinous pericarditis in three out of five rabbits, and to a myocarditis in one. 4. Nuclear inclusion bodies staining pink with eosin were found in the lesions in the testis, skin, pericardium, and heart muscle. 5. Rabbits inoculated into skin or testes were refractory, 2 weeks later, to further intradermal inoculations; after this interval their serum had developed the power to neutralize the virus in vitro. 6. The virus can be preserved in 50 per cent glycerol for at least 18 days. It can be preserved after freezing and drying for at least 8 days and probably for 10 weeks. 7. Cross-immunity tests point to the identity of the virus with that described by Rivers and Tillett in their studies on chicken-pox as Virus III. 8. These facts together with the failure of rheumatic fever sera to neutralize the virus indicate that it bears no etiologic relationship to rheumatic fever.
Targeting the Interplay between Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal-Transition and the Immune System for Effective Immunotherapy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Over the last decade, both early diagnosis and targeted therapy have improved the survival rates of many cancer patients. Most recently, immunotherapy has revolutionized the treatment options for cancers such as melanoma. Unfortunately, a significant portion of cancers (including lung and breast cancers) do not respond to immunotherapy, and many of them develop resistance to chemotherapy. Molecular characterization of non-responsive cancers suggest that an embryonic program known as epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which is mostly latent in adults, can be activated under selective pressures, rendering these cancers resistant to chemo- and immunotherapies. EMT can also drive tumor metastases, which in turn also suppress the cancer-fighting activity of cytotoxic T cells that traffic into the tumor, causing immunotherapy to fail. In this review, we compare and contrast immunotherapy treatment options of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). We discuss why, despite breakthrough progress in immunotherapy, attaining predictable outcomes in the clinic is mostly an unsolved problem for these tumors. Although these two cancer types appear different based upon their tissues of origin and molecular classification, gene expression indicate that they possess many similarities. Patient tumors exhibit activation of EMT, and resulting stem cell properties in both these cancer types associate with metastasis and resistance to existing cancer therapies. In addition, the EMT transition in both these cancers plays a crucial role in immunosuppression, which exacerbates treatment resistance. To improve cancer-related survival we need to understand and circumvent, the mechanisms through which these tumors become therapy resistant. In this review, we discuss new information and complementary perspectives to inform combination treatment strategies to expand and improve the anti-tumor responses of currently available clinical immune checkpoint inhibitors.
Micron-class axial resolution FD OCT with high acquisition speed using a broadband astigmatism-corrected spectrometer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We demonstrate micron-class-resolution frequency-domain OCT at high acquisition-speeds using a commercial supercontinuum source (i.e. 300nm bandwidth centered at 800nm) and a broadband custom astigmatism-corrected spectrometer (i.e. < 0.1 nm spectral resolution over 400nm bandwidth). We achieved 1.3 μm axial resolution in, in vivo skin tissue, with an acquisition speed of 23 A-scans per sec using the implemented FD-OCT.