jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Effects of applying Gliricidia sepium biomass to the soil and on the yield of cassava (Mannihot esculanta)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A field experiment was carried out to assess the incorporation effects of applying biomass from Gliricidia Sepium biomass to the soil on the yield of Cassava (Mannihot esculenta). Cassava cuttings were planted during May to August 1995 and biomass incorporation was done after 3 weeks of planting. Crop harvesting was done from June – October 1996. Results showed that biomass from Gliricidia sepium enhanced cassava tubers and yield per hectare.
684. Risk Stacking for Pneumococcal Disease in Costa Rica

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background The value of nontraditional high-risk factor stacking is not known in the Costa Rican population. We aim to describe risk factor stacking for pneumococcal disease (PD) in patients seeking care at Social Security Hospitals in Costa Rica Methods Descriptive study of adult patients with microbiological culture-positive Streptococcus pneumoniae disease seeking care at two tertiary hospitals in Costa Rica between years 2014 and 2016. Information on underlying comorbidities (nontraditional) and other risk factors for PD was analyzed and stalked for each age group (G1: &lt;50, G2: 50–64, and G3: ≥65 y/o). Results We included 181 culture-positive patients. We found that patients in G1 predominantly stacked ≥2 risk factors (63%), the proportion of patients with ≥2 risk factor was similar to high-risk patients in G2 (33% vs. 38%). In G3, 18% didn’t stacked any other risk factor and 46% was on high-risk. Most frequent risk factors in G1/G2 were smoking and alcoholism, and in G3 chronic pulmonary and heart diseases. Conclusion We conclude that risk factor stacking is more relevant than high-risk conditions and PD also occurs in persons &lt;50 y/o. We recommend that risk factor stacking should be considered in prevention strategies for PD. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.
Donna L. Fowler-Merchant, Mothers in Israel: Methodist Beginnings through the Eyes of Women

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Fowler-Merchant’s Mothers in Israel is a much-needed, careful, and exquisite analysis of Methodist women preachers during the eighteenth century. In quite appropriate fashion, John Wesley’s role takes a needed backseat, and women shine forth as the leaders, the voices, the mothers of this story.Chapter One begins as any true history of Methodism should, with the story of Susanna Wesley, mother of John, and arguably the original Methodist. Fowler-Merchant’s depiction of Susanna is poignant and presents us with a portrait of a quite independent woman, an attentive mother (even by twenty-first century standards), a person of deep faith in God, and the spiritual interlocutor of both John and Samuel. Chapter Two provides an overview of women during John Wesley’s time and in his movement of Methodists. This chapter is a much-needed synopsis and should be used in every Methodist History course. It establishes necessary background information such as the religious authority of women in the Church of England, women’s friendships in eighteenth-century British culture, the structure of early Methodism, and brief biographies of some of the women closest to John.Chapters Three through Five take a slightly different approach and they focus on the life of Mary Bosanquet (later Mary Fletcher) and her circle of women. Mary Bosanquet is presented as a devout person of God with a unique gift of the Spirit, which leads her to preach. She not only preaches, but she is the first person to defend a woman’s right to preach to John Wesley. Fowler-Merchant does an exceptional job laying out her influence on those around her (Sarah Ryan, Sarah Crosby, and Mary Tooth) and paints an intimate picture of the faith-driven, methodical, and selfless lives that these women led. She’s careful to nuance the changes in how their preaching was received, particularly by John Wesley himself.One of the greatest achievements of Fowler-Merchant’s work is how men are blended into the background, almost unnoticed. This is quite the feat when it comes to writing a history of religious authority in the eighteenth century. But she succeeds in constructing a story that solely focuses on women and their calls to ministry. Even when Mary Bosanquet marries John Fletcher (and changes her name to Mary Fletcher), the reader doesn’t notice much of a change to the narrative beyond the name change. Others who have written about this time and even this subject matter still make men the dominant characters, focusing on men debating women’s roles. Fowler-Merchant simply tells the complex story of these Mothers in Israel and Female Brethren who above all else sought to embody their call of God. I highly recommend this book for individual reading, small group study, and seminary-level classes. It speaks to a wide range of audiences and fills a much-needed gap in our Methodist history literature.
GEM package : methodologies to discovery associations among DNA methylation (M), genetic variation (G) and environmental influences (E)

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Epigenetics is the process of heritable change in an organism’s phenotype that is not caused by heritable genetic factors. DNA methylation and Histone modifications are some of the most widely studied epigenetic changes. It has long been known that epigenetic changes are caused by environmental factors. These changes can regulate genes and may result in diseases such as cancer. GEM is an R software suite that seeks to associate genetic and environmental factors with the epigenetic changes in an effort to contribute to Epigenetic Wide Association Studies (EWAS). Part of that goal includes the assembly of DNA methylation processing and analysis functions, providing researchers with the computational methodologies to further explore the relationship between DNA methylation and genetic and environmental interactions. This project aims to contribute to the EWAS cause, as well as researchers in the epigenetics research community, by packaging the existing R methylation association methodologies into an R package that is GEM. This involved the analysis of existing scripts for restructure and documentation into required the package format as well as possible optimization and error correction. Due to the specificity of existing GEM methodologies, restructuring for scalability and extensibility could not be achieved. Additionally, the issue of efficiency has to be taken into consideration due to the long runtime of some scripts. In order to improve runtime of the GEM analysis, it is recommended that the use of parallel processing or external C language scripts be considered. Also, greater insight into the domain of biology and epigenetics would likely be helpful in the process of restructuring for scalability and extensibility.
Detection of very high energy gamma-ray emission from NGC 1275 by the MAGIC telescopes

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We report on the detection of very-high energy (VHE, E > 100 GeV) gamma-ray emission from NGC 1275, the central radio galaxy of the Perseus cluster of galaxies. The source has been detected by the MAGIC telescopes with a statistical significance of 6.6s above 100 GeV in 46 h of stereo observations carried out between August 2010 and February 2011. The measured differential energy spectrum between 70 GeV and 500 GeV can be described by a power law with a steep spectral index of Gamma = -4.1 +/- 0.7(stat) +/- 0.3(syst), and the average flux above 100 GeV is F-gamma = (1.3 +/- 0.2(stat) +/- 0.3(syst)) x 10(-11) cm(-2) s(-1). These results, combined with the power-law spectrum measured in the first two years of observations by the Fermi-LAT above 100 MeV, with a spectral index of Gamma similar or equal to -2.1, strongly suggest the presence of a break or cut-off around tens of GeV in the NGC 1275 spectrum. The light curve of the source above 100 GeV does not show hints of variability on a month time scale. Finally, we report on the nondetection in the present data of the radio galaxy IC 310, previously discovered by the Fermi-LAT and MAGIC. The derived flux upper limit F-gamma(U.L.) (> 300 GeV) = 1.2 x 10(-12) cm(-2) s(-1) is a factor similar to 3 lower than the mean flux measured by MAGIC between October 2009 and February 2010, thus confirming the year time-scale variability of the source at VHE.\n\t\t\t\t
Effect of different indigenous bee attractants in Onion (Allium cepa L.) crop

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The results concluded that spraying of jaggery solution 10% and sugar solution 10% attracted maximum number of Apis dorsata up to 3 days after first spray (at 10% flowering). After second spray, the effectiveness of attractants was maximum on 1 day after spray (at 50% flowering). Sugar solution 5%, jaggery solution 5%, sugarcane juice 10% and molasses 10% were the next best treatment in attracting more number of bees. As regard Apis florea, jaggery solution 5 and 10%, sugar solution 5 and 10% were efficient in attracting more bees up to 5th day of first spray, however after 2nd spray their effect remained up to 3rd day but it was maximum at 1 day after second spray. In case of Apis cerana spraying of jaggery solution 10% attracted more bees up to 5th day of first spray and 3rd day of second spray. Sugar solution 5 and 10%, jaggery solution 5%, sugarcane juice 10% and molasses 10% were the next best treatments. Molasses 5%, honey solution 5% and open pollination without spray attracted less number of bees.
Relationship between Vegetation Types and Seed Banks on Tottori Sand Dune

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

鳥取砂丘の種組成と立地環境が異なる5つの植生タイプ (無植生地, コウボウムギ群落, ハマゴウ群落, ニセアカシア林, クロマツ林) の埋土種子集団の種組成を明らかにし, 地上植生の種組成が埋土種子の種構成に与える影響について考察した。各植生タイプの埋土種子集団において木本種の埋土種子数は少なく, 各植生の単位面積当たりの埋土種子数の違いは草本種の種子数の違いに起因するものと考えられた。また, 主に生活型による種類組成の点から, 埋土種子集団の分布様式を検討した結果, 雑草群落の構成種である一年生-二年生草本の埋土種子は半安定砂丘と安定砂丘に多くみられた。砂丘植物の埋土種子は移動砂丘と半安定砂丘, 砂丘植物を除く多年生草本の埋土種子は安定砂丘に多く出現し, ハマゴウを除く木本種の埋土種子は安定砂丘に多くみられた。各植生タイプの種子供給源を検討した結果, コウボウムギ群落, ハマゴウ群落, ニセアカシア林, クロマツ林では多くの埋土種子が地上植生由来であり, これらの群落において地上植生の種組成が埋土種子集団の種組成に与える影響は大きいと考えられた。しかし, 無植生地では全ての埋土種子が植生外から供給されていた。
Distribution of Camptothecin and 10-hydroxycamptothecin in Plant of Camptotheca acuminata Decne

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Contents of two main alkaloids camptothecin(CPT) and 10-hydroxycamptothecin(HCPT) in plant of Camptotheca acuminata were detected by HPLC.The results showed that CPT content in leaves of 10 years old C.acuminata was the highest(0.1102%),CPT content in non-lignified stem(0.0588%) was higher than that in lignified stem(0.0491%),and CPT content in the middle trunk was lower than those in the other parts.And also CPT content in first lateral roots(0.0968%) was higher.HCPT content in the sub lateral roots was the highest(0.4950%).And HCPT content in the lignified stem(0.0473%) was higher than that in non-lignified stem(0.0125%) obviously.The distribution of HCPT in the trunk was the same as CPT.HCPT content in leaves was 0.0905%.
Review: Inventing Autopia: Dreams and Visions of the Modern Metropolis in Jazz Age Los Angeles, by Jeremiah B. C. Axelrod

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Book Review| April 01 2010 Review: Inventing Autopia: Dreams and Visions of the Modern Metropolis in Jazz Age Los Angeles, by Jeremiah B. C. Axelrod Inventing Autopia: Dreams and Visions of the Modern Metropolis in Jazz Age Los AngelesJeremiah B. C. Axelrod Nicolas G. Rosenthal Nicolas G. Rosenthal Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Southern California Quarterly (2010) 92 (1): 79–81. https://doi.org/10.2307/41172510 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Nicolas G. Rosenthal; Review: Inventing Autopia: Dreams and Visions of the Modern Metropolis in Jazz Age Los Angeles, by Jeremiah B. C. Axelrod. Southern California Quarterly 1 April 2010; 92 (1): 79–81. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/41172510 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentSouthern California Quarterly Search This content is only available via PDF. Copyright 2010 Historical Society of Southern California Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
The effect of feeding supplements in the autumn on the reproductive performance of grazing ewes 1. Feeding fixed amounts of supplement before and during mating

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract The effects on reproductive performance offeeding supplements to ewes grazing predominantly perennial ryegrass swards before and during mating which started in mid November were examined with approximately 200 Scottish Blackface ewes in each of three experiments. In two experiments, ewes were offered no supplement (C), 600 g barley (S(B)) or 500 g barley + 100 g white-fish meal (S(B + FM)) per head per day from 3 weeks before until 3 weeks after the start of the mating period. Ewes in experiment 1 were grazed on different areas and in experiment 2 were rotated around these areas on a 12-day cycle. Initial herbage allowance in both experiments was 40 to 50 kg organic matter per ewe and stocking rates ranged from 10 to 14 ewes per ha. Ewes in experiment 3 were rotated around the same areas on a 10-day cycle at a stocking rate of 18 ewes per ha and offered either no supplement (C) or 600 g barley (S(B)) per head per day when live weight started to decrease or sward height declined to 3·5 cm, whichever occurred first. Both of these occurred shortly after the start of mating. Sward height fell from mid October and throughout November and was between 3 and 4 cm at the start of mating in all experiments. There were no differences in response to the (S(B)) and (S(B + FM)) treatments in live weight, body condition or reproductive performance in experiments 1 and 2 and the effects of supplementation were examined with these treatments pooled. Supplementation had very little effect on live weight, resulting in higher values only in experiment 1 but did produce higher body condition in all experiments. This occurred by the start of mating in experiment 1 but not until mid December in experiment 3 and early January in experiment 2. A significant increase in the number of lambs born per ewe lambing was obtained from supplementation when the data from experiments 1 and 2 were combined (P < 0·05). There was no response in reproductive performance to supplementation in experiment 3. It was concluded that supplementation in the pre-mating period can improve reproductive performance when sward height declines from 6 to 3·5 cm but that supplementation in the post-mating period may not, even when the sward height is below 3·5 cm.
Validity of the Michaelis–Menten equation – steady‐state or reactant stationary assumption: that is the question

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The Michaelis–Menten equation is generally used to estimate the kinetic parameters, V and K M , when the steady‐state assumption is valid. Following a brief overview of the derivation of the Michaelis–Menten equation for the single‐enzyme, single‐substrate reaction, a critical review of the criteria for validity of the steady‐state assumption is presented. The application of the steady‐state assumption makes the implicit assumption that there is an initial transient during which the substrate concentration remains approximately constant, equal to the initial substrate concentration, while the enzyme–substrate complex concentration builds up. This implicit assumption is known as the reactant stationary assumption. This review presents evidence showing that the reactant stationary assumption is distinct from and independent of the steady‐state assumption. Contrary to the widely believed notion that the Michaelis–Menten equation can always be applied under the steady‐state assumption, the reactant stationary assumption is truly the necessary condition for validity of the Michaelis–Menten equation to estimate kinetic parameters. Therefore, the application of the Michaelis–Menten equation only leads to accurate estimation of kinetic parameters when it is used under experimental conditions meeting the reactant stationary assumption. The criterion for validity of the reactant stationary assumption does not require the restrictive condition of choosing a substrate concentration that is much higher than the enzyme concentration in initial rate experiments.
Lung Lobectomy Is an Embolic Risk Factor for Cerebral Infarction, Even in the Long-term Postoperative Phase

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The vein stump created after lung lobectomy has been reported to cause thrombus and subsequently cerebral infarction. However, its assessment after a long-term postoperative course remains unreported. The pulmonary vein stump is a structure near the left atrial appendage; therefore, such patients may be at a constant risk of thrombus formation. We herein report two cases of cerebral infarction associated with lung lobectomy. Transesophageal echocardiography revealed mobile thrombi in the pulmonary vein stump. Both patients had cancer recurrence, and hypercoagulability may have contributed to thrombus formation. This vein stump should be investigated as an embolic source, even after a long postoperative duration.
Thyroid status alters structure of VLDL secreted by perfused rat liver.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The interaction of thyroid status and oleic acid infusion rate on the thermal behavior of the very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) secreted by isolated perfused rat liver was examined. The livers were infused at 37 degrees C with oleate at rates of 0, 83, 166, or 332 mumoles/hr for 4 hours and VLDL was isolated from the perfusate at 12 degrees C. The lipid composition of the VLDL secreted by the perfused liver from hyperthyroid animals was dramatically different from controls at all infusion rates of oleate. Significant changes in the ratio of [phospholipid + cholesterol]/[triglyceride] and in fatty composition of secreted triglycerides occurred. Differential scanning calorimetry of the intact VLDL and extracted triglycerides secreted by euthyroid rats suggested the existence of four thermotropic endothermic transitions centered at -20.5, -14.0, -3.0, and 9.0 degrees C. Both the total enthalpies and the temperatures at which the phase alterations occurred in the triglyceride fraction from VLDL secreted by livers from euthyroid rats were highly dependent on the rate of infusion of oleate. Pretreatment of the rats with triiodothyronine and infusion of 332 mumoles oleate/hr abolished in the intact VLDL the temperature transitions centered at -20.8 and at 10.5 degrees C and decreased the total enthalpy from 8.13 to 38.5 cal/gm. Livers from rats pretreated with propylthiouracil and infused with oleate at 332 mumoles/hr secreted VLDL in which only one transition centered at -5.0 degrees C remained. The total enthalpy was unaffected. At all rates of infusion of oleate, the phase behavior of the intact VLDL or triglycerides extracted from the VLDL was altered by prior treatment of the rats with triiodothyronine or propylthiouracil. The thyroid state of the rat profoundly affected the thermal properties of the VLDL secreted by the perfused liver infused with the unsaturated fatty acid oleate.
Patria pietas – condiția juridică a copilului în familia postmodernă

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

For obvious reasons, the child requires protection and is beneficiary of said protection, usually received by his/her parents; on the other hand, he/she possesses wide array of children's rights and freedoms stipulated in international documents and reflected in our domestic law. Parental rights and duties regarding the person and the child's property, generically designated by the phrase "parental authority", are impregnated by the rights of the child (I) and circumscribe the exercise of that authority (II).
Regulation of uridine diphosphate-glucuronosyltransferase 2B15 expression during ovulation in the rat

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Uridine diphosphate-glucuronosyltransferase 2B15 (UGT2B15) conjugates 5α-androstane-3α, 17β-diol (3α-diol) to 3α-diol glucuronide (3α-diol G) in steroid target tissues. The present study investigated the regulation of UGT2B15 expression during the ovulatory process in the rat. Real-time PCR analysis revealed that treatment of immature rats with equine chorionic gonadotropin followed by human chorionic gonadotropin transiently stimulated UGT2B15 gene expression in granulosa cells of preovulatory follicles within 6 h. The progesterone receptor antagonist RU486 suppressed the gonadotropin-induced UGT2B15 expression. The expression of UGT2B15 and the levels of 3α-diol G were transiently increased by luteinizing hormone (LH) treatment in cultured preovulatory follicles. The LH-stimulated UGT2B15 mRNA level in cultured preovulatory follicles was inhibited by inhibitors of adenylyl cyclase, phosphoinositide 3-kinase and mitogen-activated protein kinase. Furthermore, a vitamin D receptor agonist (calcitriol) suppressed the LH-stimulated UGT2B15 expression in a dose-dependent manner. Taken together, these results indicate that gonadotropins transiently stimulate UGT2B15 expression and activity in preovulatory follicles, and UGT2B15 mRNA levels are regulated by the progesterone receptor and vitamin D receptor.
Fatty acid composition of plasma and kidney in rats with anti-Thy1.1 nephritis.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Eicosapentaenoic acids (EPA) levels in the kidney phospholipid (PL) fraction in the nephritis group were significantly lower than those in the control group (0.67 +/- 0.06 mol% vs. 0.96 +/- 0.06 mol%, p < 0.05). EPA levels in the plasma PL fraction in the nephritis group were also significantly lower than those in the control group (0.38 +/- 0.05 mol% vs. 0.59 +/- 0.03 mol%, p < 0.05). Urinary protein levels 5 days after the injection were inversely correlated with EPA levels in the kidney PL fraction (r2 = 0.65, p = 0.01). These results suggested that decreased EPA levels in the kidney PL fraction might play an important role in anti-Thy1.1 nephritis.
Limits to agricultural project evaluation under structural adjustment in developing countries

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

It is difficult in less developed countries to make unbiased estimates of economic factors. With persistent unemployment and chronic balance of payments problems due to structural factors, markets are likely to be in disequilibrium. Many of the standard methods of project evaluation fall down because of the dramatic effect that something like an increase in the average life expactancy or a change in the per capita consumption can bring. The alternative is to adopt some paternalistic rules in order to supplement and if necessary over-ride the normal rules.
Experimental Evidence on Gender Interaction in Lying Behavior

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The paper reports results from an Ultimatum Game experiment with asymmetric information where Proposers can send to Responders misleading information about their endowment. We allow for all possible gender combinations in the Proposer-Responder pairs. Proposer messages that underestimate the actual amount are quite widespread. The frequency of lying is slightly higher in mixed groups. Conditional on lying, men tend to state bigger lies than women. On the other hand, women tend to tell smaller lies when paired with men, than when paired with women. In general, women present higher acceptance rates than men.