jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Thermal analysis of externally pressurised step bearing including centrifugal inertia effect for a bubbly lubricant

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A numerical study has been done for externally pressurized circular step thrust bearing lubricated with incompressible fluid with finely dispersed air bubbles taking into consideration the variation in lubricant physical properties due to temperature and pressure variation in the fluid film. Effect of misalignment / tilt and coning on cavitations region has also been investigated. The air bubbles are seen to improve the pressure distribution. It also reduces cavitations domain that occurs because of the centrifugal inertia force. Load carrying capacity is seen to improve but both mass flow rate and frictional power consumed decrease. Overall, the presence of air bubble improves the performance of the bearing. It is seen that tilt and coning reduces the cavitations region.
Measuring foundation school effectiveness using English administrative data, survey data and a regression discontinuity design

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Apparently sophisticated school performance measures have been used to claim that giving schools autonomy from local government control improves pupil exam performance. This paper explores the extent to which inferring causality between autonomy and pupil achievement is reasonable given that pupils are not randomly assigned to schools and schools do not randomly acquire autonomous status. Rich administrative data and the Longitudinal Survey of Young People in England are used to evaluate whether school performance measures are confounded by pupil characteristics that explain both the chances of attending an autonomous school and academic achievement. The assignment of grant-maintained (and thus now foundation) status through a vote of parents is used to compare school that just did, and just did not, gain autonomy over a decade ago. These alternative estimation strategies suggest there is little evidence that foundation status casually yields superior school performance.
Importance of switched-mode power supply IC model for conductive EMI noise simulation

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper proposes a modeling method for switched-mode power supplies (SMPSs) mainly focusing on IC model for conductive noise simulation. In modern automobiles, the number of electronic control unit (ECU) are increasing in order to implement advanced features and introducing an all-electric or hybrid drive system draws a high current. Since this requires higher efficiency power systems, SMPSs are widely used. Although systems using SMPSs produce switching noise as a side effect, they have to be designed to work as expected and to satisfy EMC regulation, too. To achieve this goal, it is imperative to predict and control the amount of noise at an early stage in the design by using accurate simulation models to reproduce the system behavior. Doing so greatly contributes to reducing design cost. However, it is very difficult to build SMPS IC models for noise simulation. In this paper, induced conductive EMI noise was evaluated through Electro-Magnetic (EM) and SPICE co-simulation following CISPR25 regulations. The SMPS, PCB, load device, line impedance stabilization network (LISN), and cables were all modeled to reproduce the regulation test environment. This model was validated by measurement on the same conditions as simulation.
Ways to increase the efficiency of transport logistics - communication services in Uzbekistan

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

In the research article, it is emphasized that the logistics information system has a high role in the world and in the economy of the Republic of Uzbekistan, in order to create effective logistics systems and speed up the process of cargo delivery, the author is asked to organize transportation and logistics information centers based in Uzbekistan on information resources in the railway sector. indicates that it occupies an important place in the practice of the main trends in the development of the transport-logistics sector of the Republic of Uzbekistan and the factors hindering the development of the local transport-logistics information system are revealed. The object of research is the transportation logistics information system of the Republic of Uzbekistan and improving its efficiency. The method of analysis, grouping, synthesis, organizational-operational model was chosen as research methods. The model proposed in the study is divided into a number of modules united by the decision of common functional tasks. With this method, it is achieved by expanding the scope of services provided, fulfilling the order on time, increasing the volume of transportation and reducing the overall operational and logistics costs. As a result of the studies, proposals were developed to increase the potential of the transport communication system of our country, to create an effective system of transport-logistics and communication services.
Synthesis and Electrochemical Characterization of the Pt-based Catalysts for the Glycerol Oxidation

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Binary, ternary and quaternary electrocatalysts of type C/Pt-based were prepared by the Pechini method. The physical-chemical characterization and electrochemical investigation of the electrocatalysts were performed by different techniques: X-ray diffraction, cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry. The XRD results show that the electrocatalysts are mainly formed by Pt metal structure with face-centered cubic crystalline. The electrocatalysts were evaluated in the absence and presence of glycerol in sulfuric acid medium. The ternary electrocatalyst composition in which platinum is greater than 70 mol% showed the highest values of current density during the chronoamperometry studies. The catalyst C/Pt70Ru20Ni10 showed the most significant peaks of oxidation of glycerol and its intermediates products in VC: in the positive-going scan and in the negative-going scan.
Enhancing Worker Capability Through HFE: Evidence Management Can Understand

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

At the 2016 HFES Presidential Address, Bill Marras made a plea for the membership to begin thinking about demonstrating the value of HFE in terms that are persuasive to business leaders. Presentations at the 2017 HFES Annual Conference responded to that plea with discussions of case studies and business metrics linked to HFE interventions. To further this discussion, we flip the HFE business value argument from decreasing costs associated with inefficiencies and disability to increasing employee capabilities through HFE. By changing perspective, we change the focus from risk to enhanced employee wellbeing, performance and productivity. We argue that relating HFE practices and interventions to worker capability is the key to showing evidence that management can understand. Banks opens with a “logic map” that links HFE to important business outcomes. Gebhardt discusses how physical ability assessment in employee selection and work process design enhances performance effectiveness and efficiency. Rempel discusses how a systems approach to developing an effective safety culture in coordination with operations can result in uninterrupted work and higher productivity. Mosier discusses how cognitive enhancements in work and system design leads to higher performance. Larson and McGowan take a broader view and discuss from their perspectives what evidence is needed, and whether the evidence presented by panelists is sufficient to win over decision-makers. They also discuss how HFE can be positioned to play a more important role in how organizations think about work and workers as well as the importance of integrating HFE design into organizational structure and business operations to help meet company objectives.
Computer Analysis of Hidden Layers of Sleep EEG: Dreams Correlates

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The dream is an autonomous activity of the brain. The background EEG is distinguishable in the frequency domain. To better understand the mechanism of dreams, it is necessary to extract more information from the hidden layers of the EEG. One possible approach is to analyze the microstates of dreams, which we present in this paper. Our results show that microstate maps differ in dreamless sleep. Activation of different brain centers within dreaming is propagated to the surface and is evident in two microstates. So within the dream, other centers are activated and we can notice their propagation on the surface of the scalp.
Maqashid Al-Syari’ah Dalam Kajian Teoritik Dan Praktek

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Maqashid al-Shari'ah is an alternative in an effort to solve socio-religious problems in the current era. This is because it is realized that the texts, both the Qur'an and Hadith as the main sources of Islamic law, are very limited in number while social problems continue to emerge one after another. The purpose of this paper is to describe the concept of maqashid al-syari'ah both at the theoretical level and in its application. This study is included in the category of library research by utilizing data or information from ushul fiqh books as a primary source, then assisted by some information obtained from journals, other relevant books as secondary sources. The data obtained were described and then analyzed. This paper finds that: 1) maqashid al-syar'iah is part of qa'idah ushuliyyah and also approaches in understanding the texts of the Qur'an and the Prophet's Hadith. 2) Mujtahids must understand maqashid al-syariah in an effort to capture and interpret the divine verses hidden behind their textual folds. 3) Maqashid al-Sharia as an approach, needs to be refreshed and rearranged according to the current context.
Steady-State Cultures of Human Skin

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Pretransplantation cultivation of adult human skin has been optimized for rapid and prolonged outgrowth of epidermal cells from tissue explants using automatic-perfusion, thin-layer culture technology (steady state). This system fostered growth of autologous mesenchymal elements via critical control of the culture environment. The resulting cellular outgrowth maintained a balanced epithelial–dermal relationship, contained keratinocytes as well as minority epidermal cells, melanocytes and possibly Langerhans cells. Critical control of culture pH and osmolarity was found to enhance epithelial cell proliferation.
Ethiopia (2009): MAP Study Measuring the Availability of of Basic Preventive care Package Kit Components for PLHIV in Five Target regions of Ethiopia. Round One.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The main objectives of the PSI/Ethiopia 2009 MAP survey were to (1) monitor the coverage and quality of coverage of Basic Preventive Care Package (BPCP) kit component products (WhuaAgar, PUR, Condom, ITN, De-worming tablet, Hand washing soap and ORS/LemLem) (2) monitor market penetration of BPCP kit distributed towns and (3) set next year`s reward strategies for the USAID Preventive Care Package programmatic objectives.
Laboratory testing for platelet function disorders

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Summary Platelet function testing is both complex and labor intensive. A stepwise approach to the evaluation of patients with suspected platelet disorders will optimize the use of laboratory resources, beginning with an appropriate clinical evaluation to determine whether the bleeding is consistent with a defect of primary hemostasis. Bleeding assessment tools, evaluation of platelet counts, and review of peripheral blood cell morphology can aid the initial assessment. For patients requiring further laboratory testing, platelet aggregometry, secretion assays, and von Willebrand factor assays are the most useful next steps and will direct further specialized testing including flow cytometry, electron microscopy, and molecular diagnostics. Guidelines and recommendations for standardizing platelet function testing, with a particular focus on light transmission aggregometry, are available and can provide a template for clinical laboratories in establishing procedures that will optimize diagnosis and assure quality results. This review outlines an approach to platelet function testing and reviews testing methods available to clinical laboratories.
Shopping mall ambience and customer preference: A study of shopping malls in federal capital territory Abuja, Nigeria

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This research examined the effects of shopping mall ambience on customers choice of shopping malls in the Federal Capital Territory (FCT) Abuja. The study specifically investigated how parking space, product display, and location affect customers choice or preference for one shopping mall over another in terms of patronage motive, repeat purchase, and referral. A survey design method was adopted for the research. The researcher used customer population of 480 which also served as the sample size for the study. The 480 customers were shared equally to the six area councils that make up the Federal Capital Territory – Abaji, Abuja, Bwari, Gwagwalada, Kuje, and Kwali with judgmental sampling method with each council getting 80 respondents while the individual respondents from each council were randomly selected through convenience sampling technique. The research instrument for the study was questionnaire. The data collected were analyzed with Spearman Rank Order Correlation. At the end of the research, the result showed that parking space, product display, and location positively and significantly affect the buying behaviour of the customers in terms of preference of one shopping mall over another. The study concluded that shopping mall ambience have positive and significant effects on customers preference for one shopping mall over another in the Federal Capital Territory Abuja and by implication, Nigeria as a whole.
Hypoxia induces p53 through a pathway distinct from most DNA-damaging and stress-inducing agents

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The p53 tumour suppressor gene is a transcription factor that can induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. In response to various stress-inducing signals, p53 level increases and this is accompanied with increased activities of p53. Interestingly, the methylxanthine caffeine can abrogate the p53 accumulation induced by certain DNA-damaging agents by an unknown mechanism. In an effort to understand how different signals induce p53, human tumour cell lines were treated with combinations of various stress-inducing agents and caffeine. Caffeine inhibited the accumulation of p53 induced by leptomycin B (LMB), an inhibitor of CRM1, but not N-acetyl-leu-leu-norleucinal, a proteasome inhibitor. Furthermore, caffeine also inhibited the accumulation of p53 by a variety of stress-inducing agents in vivo, such as 5-fluorouracil, doxorubicin, mitomycin C, camptothecin and roscovitine. However, caffeine failed to affect the accumulation of p53 in hypoxia (HYP)-treated cells. These results suggested that HYP must use a distinct pathway from most DNA-damaging and stress-inducing agents to induce p53.
Reconciling a component and process view

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In many cases we need to represent on the same abstraction level not only system components but also processes within the system, and if for both representation different frameworks are used, the system model becomes hard to read and to understand. We suggest a solution how to cover this gap and to reconcile component and process views on system representation: a formal framework that gives the advantage of solving design problems for large-scale component systems.
Stochastic design optimization accounting for structural and distributional design variables

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Purpose This paper aims to present a new method, named as augmented polynomial dimensional decomposition (PDD) method, for robust design optimization (RDO) and reliability-based design optimization (RBDO) subject to mixed design variables comprising both distributional and structural design variables. Design/methodology/approach The method involves a new augmented PDD of a high-dimensional stochastic response for statistical moments and reliability analyses; an integration of the augmented PDD, score functions, and finite-difference approximation for calculating the sensitivities of the first two moments and the failure probability with respect to distributional and structural design variables; and standard gradient-based optimization algorithms. Findings New closed-form formulae are presented for the design sensitivities of moments that are simultaneously determined along with the moments. A finite-difference approximation integrated with the embedded Monte Carlo simulation of the augmented PDD is put forward for design sensitivities of the failure probability. Originality/value In conjunction with the multi-point, single-step design process, the new method provides an efficient means to solve a general stochastic design problem entailing mixed design variables with a large design space. Numerical results, including a three-hole bracket design, indicate that the proposed methods provide accurate and computationally efficient sensitivity estimates and optimal solutions for RDO and RBDO problems.
Computer-aided Diagnosis System for Grading Brain Tumor Using Histopathology Images Based on Color and Texture Features

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Cancer pathology shows disease development and associated molecular features. It provides extensive phenotypic information that is cancer-predictive and has potential implications for planning treatment. Based on the exceptional performance of computational approaches in the field of digital pathogenic, the use of rich phenotypic information in digital pathology images has enabled us to identify low-level gliomas (LGG) from high-grade gliomas (HGG). The purpose of this paper is to create an automated diagnostic system based on brain cancer histopathology images. In this paper, several imaging characteristics, including conventional intensity and advanced texturing features (grey co-occurrence, gray-level run-length matrix, and local binary pattern), were included in the training of a hybrid ensemble classification model. The textural and color characteristics were validated in the glioma patients using the 10-fold cross-validation technique with an accuracy equals to 94.6%. The combination of the color and texture characteristics produced significantly better accuracy, which supported their synergistic significance in the predictive model. The result indicates that the textural characteristics can be an objective, accurate, and comprehensive glioma prediction when paired with conventional imagery. The proposed model can help stratify patients in clinical studies, choose patients for targeted therapy, and customize specific treatment schedules.
Development and Application of Performance Indicators to Estimate the Service Activities Relating with Water and Wastewater Works: Focus on Water Works Parts

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

To improve Service quality for water and wastewater works, most water and wastewater utility effort to develop not only facility construction but also operation optimization. The operation is optimized by accurate estimation for ongoing situation. And from the accurate estimation, utility operator gain a information about their service quality and problems, So we developed a evaluation tool (Performance Indicators: PI) for service activity of water and wastewater works. The PI was developed in many countries and some international organizations (World Bank, IWA etc.) for service benchmarking. And ISO (international organization for standardization) just has been making a service standard for water and wastewater system (So called ISO/C224). This proceeding for making a service standard is ongoing now and will be launched in 2007. In our study, PI was composed of 6 parts (A human resource, facility management, operation, service quality, finance and environment). To evaluate water utilities, performance indicators for water was consisted of 100 items. Each 2 water utilities were estimated by this performance indicator. From the study, we just know that the performance indicator was a very useful tool to estimate utility service quality. And from the result, it is possible to know the strong and weak point of estimated utilities.
Erythroglossum latum sp. nov. (Delesseriaceae, Rhodophyta) from the east coast of Honshu, Japan

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

SUMMARY A new species, Erythroglossum latum , is described based on specimens from Fukushima Prefecture along the east coast of Honshu, Japan. This species differs from Erythroglossum pinnatum Okamura in having a broader main blade, a clear midrib and lateral branches that are smaller in size and not clearly constricted at the base.
Imaginary companions, theory of mind and emotion understanding in young children

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The phenomenon of imaginary companions (ICs) has received little attention in developmental psychology, even though it can be observed in approximately 25% of preschool-aged children. Only a few studies have investigated the effect of ICs on children's theory of mind and emotion understanding, and the results are partial or inconsistent. This study used comprehensive measures to assess emotional understanding and theory of mind in children aged four to six with ICs (N = 24) and compared their performance to that of children without ICs (N = 24). Results showed that children with ICs, regardless of age and gender, have a better theory of mind and emotion understanding than children without ICs. The greatest impact of ICs was on girls' emotion understanding. The results are discussed in relation to gender differences.
Relationship of upper arm circumference and body weight.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

W hen a patient’s weight is unknown, as is the case with many trauma patients or patients in cardiac arrest, certain aspects of treatment, such as calculation of medication dosages, may be difficult. Measuring the upper arm circumference may be one answer to rapid estimation of a patient’s weight. In 1962, Tanner’ explained the changes of the tissue in the upper arm from the time of birth, when there is a large amount of adipose tissue to the period of adolescence or young adulthood, when there is more muscle and less adipose tissue. In the adult, the muscles gradually become smaller as the person ages, and there is an increase in the size of the adipocyte, or fat ce11.2 Even though there may be great variation (or the possibility of variation) in the upper arm circumference, indication of body weight in children by upper arm circumference is well demonstrated. In 1966, Jelliffe3 compiled multiple studies of children in Third World countries, illustrating the relationship of the upper arm circumference and malnutrition. These studies also correlated the upper arm circumference with body weight, height, and calculated arm muscle circumference. Because the focus of these studies was the identification of malnutrition, Jelliffe developed a percentile table of measurements to indicate when malnutrition was present. From these studies came further studies of children in which the upper arm circumference and body weight were correlated. In 1969, McKay4 found a correlation coefficient of 0.79 between the upper arm circumference and body weight of 848 children (p = 0.01). In 1969, Hofvander and Eksmy? found a correlation coefficient of 0.61 at the 0.001 level of significance in 212 Ethiopian children. Few comparable studies of adults have been done. In 1978, Bray et a1.6 found the upper arm circumfer-