jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
SYNTHESIS AND BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF SOME BENZIMIDAZO-1,2,4-TRIAZOLE DERIVATIVES AS ANTIMICROBIAL AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENTS

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Three new series of N`-(aryl or heteroarylmethylidene)-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazolo[2,3-a]benzimidazol-2-ylsulfanyl) acetohydrazides (4a-k), N`-(α-arylethylidene)-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazolo[2,3-a]benzimidazol-2-ylsulfanyl) acetohydrazides (5a-d), and 2-({[5-(alkyl oraralkylsulfanyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]methyl}sulfanyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazolo[2,3-a]benzimidazoles(7a-e) were synthesized. Reaction of compound (1) with methyl bromoacetate afforded (2),which when refluxed with hydrazine hydrate yielded (3). The latter was condensed witharomatic aldehydes and substituted acetophenones to afford compounds (4a-k) and (5a-d)respectively. Treatment of compound (3) with carbon disulfide in the presence of potassiumhydroxide resulted in the formation of (6). The latter was alkylated with the appropriate alkyl oraralkyl halides to afford compounds (7a-e). The purity of all new compounds was checked byTLC and elucidation of their structures was confirmed by IR, 1HNMR, and mass spectrometryalong with elemental microanalyses. All the target compounds were evaluated for their in-vitroantimicrobial and in-vivo anti-inflammatory activities in comparison with ampicillin,fluconazole, and indomethacin as reference drugs respectively. In addition to moleculardocking of compound 5c was performed.
Characters and structures of the nucleobase–ascorbate transporters (NAT) family genes in Gossypium hirsutum and their roles in responding to salt and drought stresses

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Background Nucleobase–ascorbate transporters (NAT), synonymously called nucleobase–cation symporter 2 (NCS2) proteins, were earlier reported to be involved in plant growth, development and resistance to stress. Previous studies concluded that s a polymorphic SNP associated with NAT12 was significant different between salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive materials of upland cotton. In current study, a comprehensive analysis of NAT family genes was conducted for the first time in cotton. Results In this study, we discovered 32, 32, 18, and 16 NAT genes in Gossypium hirsutum , G. barbadense , G. raimondii and G. arboreum , respectively, which were classified into four groups (groups I–IV) based on the multiple sequence analysis. These GhNAT genes were unevenly distributed on At and Dt sub-genome in G. hirsutum . Most GhNAT members in the same group had similar gene structure characteristics and motif composition. The collinearity analysis revealed segmental duplication as well as tandem duplication contributing to the expansion of the GhNATs . The analysis of cis -acting regulatory elements of GhNATs showed that the function of GhNAT genes in cotton might be related to plant hormone and stress response. Under different conditions, the expression levels further suggested the GhNAT family genes were associated with plant response to various abiotic stresses. GhNAT12 was detected in the plasma membrane. And it was validated that the GhNAT12 gene played an important role in regulating cotton resistance to salt and drought stress through the virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) analysis. Conclusions A comprehensive analysis of NAT gene family was performed in cotton, including phylogenetic analysis, chromosomal location, collinearity analysis, motifs, gene structure and so on. Our results will further broaden the insight into the evolution and potential functions of NAT genes in cotton. Current findings could make significant contribution towards screening more candidate genes related to biotic and abiotic resistance for the improvement in cotton.
Supplementary Table 2 from Tumor-Specific Isoform Switch of the Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 2 Underlies the Mesenchymal and Malignant Phenotypes of Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinomas

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

<p>XLSX file - 75K, Computational prediction of FGFR2 IIIb/c isoforms in normal kidney and ccRCC</p>
Growth and Decline of Honeybee Colonies and Inter-Relationships of Adult Bees, Brood, Honey and Pollen

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

(1) Mean adult bee populations were 18 000 in late May, 37 000 in early June and 13 000 in late September, while mean brood populations were 15 000 in late May, 24 000 in mid-June and almost non-existent in late September. (2) Honey stores increased with nectar flows and decreased at other times leaving about 16 kg at the end of the season for overwintering. (3) About 30 kg of pollen was necessary for brood and adult requirements throughout the season. (4) Pollen in store reached a maximum of 2 kg at maximum brood rearing and declined to about 0 75 kg for overwintering. (5) Adult bees and brood, and adult bees and honey stored, were only related (P < 0 05) in the first half of the season while adult bees, pollen stored and pollen trapped, were not significantly related, neither were brood, pollen stored, pollen trapped nor honey stored, although patterns of pollen storing, pollen trapping and brood rearing were similar.
Delivery of Web-based instruction using Blackboard: a collaborative project.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The development of writing skills is an important component of the pharmacy curriculum. Recognizing the importance of communication skills, the American Council on Pharmaceutical Education (ACPE) incorporated oral and written competencies in its standards [1]. Studies, such as those by Holiday-Goodman [2, 3] and Ranelli [4], report the results of several programs incorporating writing skills into the pharmacy curriculum.

To address some of the writing skills competencies, a Web-based tutorial, “Introduction to Writing a Research Paper,” was developed as a collaborative project with faculty from the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy and the Health Sciences and Human Services Library. The tutorial was designed as a component of the school of pharmacy's “Population-Based Medical Information Analysis” course during the fall semester of 2001. Because its content is cross-disciplinary, the tutorial was subsequently incorporated into the communication skills training for medical residents in the spring of 2002 and promoted to the campus at large.

“Introduction to Writing a Research Paper” is delivered through the campus's Blackboard portal. Blackboard, a software platform for course management, has been adopted as the campus standard for the University of Maryland, Baltimore.
Lanreotide depot/autogel (LAN) in patients with neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) aged ≤65 vs. >65 years: Subgroup analyses from the CLARINET study.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

e15177 Background: The somatostatin analog LAN 120 mg significantly prolonged progression-free survival (PFS) vs. placebo (PBO) in patients with metastatic grade 1 or 2 (Ki-67 <10%) nonfunctioning intestinal and pancreatic NETs (hazard ratio [HR] for progressive disease [PD]/death: 0.47 [95% CI: 0.30, 0. 73]). This large trial (n=204) allows the examination of treatment effects within subgroups of interest. We now compare PFS and safety data for patients aged ≤65 years vs. aged >65 years. Methods: In this 96-week randomized double-blind trial, patients received LAN 120 mg or PBO every 4 weeks by deep subcutaneous injection (NCT00353496). Subgroup analyses were undertaken to investigate only the consistency of treatment effects, the study was not designed or powered for such analyses. Results: Median age (range) was 57 years (30–65 years) for those ≤65 years old, and 71 years (66–92 years) for those >65 years old. Other baseline characteristics were similar between groups, including tumor origins (≤65 years: pancreatic 43%, midgut 34%; >65 years: pancreatic 46%, midgut 38%) and hepatic tumor loads (>25%: 30% and 37% for ≤65 and >65 years, respectively). Disease was predominantly stable at baseline (94% vs. 98%, respectively). Therapeutic effects of LAN 120 mg on PFS were similar for the two groups and there were no consistent differences in tolerability (Table). Overall, the most common adverse event was diarrhea (≤65 years: LAN 36%, PBO 32%; >65 years: LAN 33%, PBO 40%). Conclusions: Treatment effect with LAN 120 mg in terms of PFS was consistent across age groups. LAN tolerability/safety was favorable. Clinical trial information: NCT00353496. ≤65 years (n=115) >65 years (n=89) LAN PBO LAN PBO PFS Median [95% CI] PFS, months NR 18.1 [13.0, 24.0] NR 12.1 [9.4, 24.0] HR for PD/death [95% CI] 0.51 [0.29, 0.90] 0.38 [0.19, 0.74] Any AE 48 (87) 52 (87) 41 (89) 41 (95) Treatment-related AEs 31 (56) 18 (30) 19 (41) 11 (26) Serious AEs 13 (24) 14 (23) 12 (26) 18 (42) Withdrawals due to AEs 1 (2) 0 2 (4) 3 (7) Data are n (%) unless stated otherwise. AE, adverse event; HR, hazard ratio; NR, not reached; PD, progressive disease; PFS, progression-free survival .
Data from: Early detection of encroaching woody Juniperus virginiana and its classification in multi-species forest using UAS imagery and semantic segmentation algorithms

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Woody plant encroachment into grasslands ecosystems causes significantly ecological destruction and economic losses. Effective and efficient management largely benefits from accurate and timely detection of encroaching species at an early development stage. Recent advances in unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) enabled an easier access to ultra-high spatial resolution images at a centimeter level, together with the latest machine learning based image segmentation algorithms, making it possible to detect small-sized individuals of target species at early development stage and identify them when mixed with other species. However, few studies have investigated the optimal practical spatial resolution of early encroaching species detection. Hence, we investigated the performance of four popular semantic segmentation algorithms (decision tree, DT; random forest, RF; AlexNet; and ResNet) on a multi-species forest classification case with UAS-collected RGB images in original and down-sampled coarser spatial resolutions. The objective of this study was to explore the optimal segmentation algorithm and spatial resolution for eastern redcedar (Juniperus virginiana, ERC) early detection and its classification within a multi-species forest context. To be specific, firstly, we implemented and compared the performance of the four semantic segmentation algorithms with images in the original spatial resolution (0.694 cm). The highest overall accuracy was 0.918 achieved by ResNet with a mean interaction over union at 85.0%. Secondly, we evaluated the performance of ResNet algorithm with images in down-sampled spatial resolutions (1 cm to 5 cm with 0.5 cm interval). When applied on the down-sampled images, ERC segmentation performance decreased with decreasing spatial resolution, especially for those images coarser than 3 cm spatial resolution. The UAS together with the state-of-the-art semantic segmentation algorithms provides a promising tool for early-stage detection and localization of ERC, and the development of effective management strategies for mixed-species forest management.
Pseudohypoaldosteronism type-I: a rare cause of hyperkalemia in neonates.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Pseudohypoaldosteronism type I (PHA-I) is a rare disorder with only a few cases reported worldwide. It appears early in life with salt-wasting, failure to thrive, dehydration, hypotension, hyperkalaemia and metabolic acidosis. There is a resistance to aldosterone by the mineralocorticoid receptors. We describe one such case of a 14-day-old female neonate who presented with frequent episodes of dehydration, hyperkalaemia and hyponatraemia. On further workup, she proved to be a case of PHA-I. The aim of this report is to discuss the evaluation and to highlight the difficulties associated with the management of this rare disorder.
Bacteriological Assessment of Fast Foods Sold at Gidan-Kwanu and Bosso Campuses of Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria.

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

The bacteriological quality of snacks (meat pie and egg row) collected from different vendors at two different sells points each at Gidan-Kwanu and Bosso campuses of Federal University of Technology Minna was carried out in order to ascertain their safety. A total of fourty (40) snacks were screened using standard pour plate method while gram staining and biochemical test were carried out for the identification of various isolates. The samples had varying degree of bacterial contamination ranging from 2.0 x 102 - 1.4 x 103 cfu/g. The bacteria isolates found included Bacillus subtilis 29 (34.12%) in meat pie and 11 (22.45%) in egg roll; Staphylococcus aureus 16 (18.82%) in meat pie and 11 (22.45%) in egg roll; Klebsiella 19 (22.35%) in meat pie and 11 (22.45%) in egg roll; Escherichia coli 17 (20.00%) in meat pie and 13 (26.53%) in egg roll; Pseudomonas aeruginosa 4 (4.71%) in meat pie and 2 (4.08%) in egg roll and Proteus 1 (2.04%) in egg row and no growth of proteus was recorded in meat pie. The high bacteria count and diversity of bacteria isolate from the food samples screened is of public health concern. The study underscores the need for intervention from bodies charged with the responsibility of maintaining public health to prevent potential out brake of disease among consumers of these food products.
Took a Pic and Got Declined, Vexed and Perplexed

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The rise of biometric security changes how users make decisions about their privacy. As passwords give way to faces and fingerprints, the algorithmic nature of these processes creates new cognitive labor for users. When biometrics are used in spaces of algorithmic management, workers must negotiate tradeoffs between security, privacy, fairness, and their livelihood. A mixed-methods, human-centered research design paired with theory frameworks from algorithmic management, usable security, and algorithmic fairness illuminates how workers navigate facial recognition at the level of local practice. As AI/ML technologies for management and security become increasingly interwoven, the implications of this research are significant.
Screening Sunflower for Resistance to Sunflower chlorotic mottle virus and Mapping the Rcmo‐1 Resistance Gene

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Sunflower chlorotic mottling is an emerging virus disease which has been detected in commercial hybrids and wild sunflowers in Argentina. Two hundred thirty‐two sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.) lines were screened for resistance to Sunflower chlorotic mottle virus (SuCMoV) using artificial inoculations under greenhouse conditions. Only three lines (L33, L74, and L52) showed a partial resistance, L33 being the most resistant. Virus replication was delayed (A 405 in DAS‐ELISA) and morphological traits (plant height and leaf width) were less affected in this line and its various hybrid combinations than in susceptible controls. Segregation data from an artificially inoculated F 2 population, under greenhouse and field conditions, indicated the presence of a single dominant resistance gene which was designated Rcmo‐1 This gene was mapped on Linkage Group 14 between markers MS0022 (5 cM) and ORS‐307 (4 cM). Linkage between the two markers and the Rcmo‐1 locus was confirmed in a field evaluation.
On the Ethical Dimensions of Artificial Moral Agents Following the Principles of Jus In Bello (Justice in War)

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In the past decade, research on the philosophy and the development of artificial moral agents (AMAs) have increased in order to seek for the implementation of moral decision-making faculties basically in machines—computers, robots, etc. Because of this, ethical reasoning becomes one of the primary challenges computer scientists, engineers, and philosophers are trying to solve—by developing an ethical dimension that can be incorporated in a machine so that it can make decisions on its own subjected to ethical and morality issues. However, when this ethical dimension is implemented in autonomous weapon systems (AWSs) such as cruise missiles, torpedoes, uninhabited/unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and uninhabited/unmanned combat aerial vehicles (UCAVs), difficulty and confusion arise due to the question of who should hold responsible when the AWS itself is involved in an atrocity that would normally be described as a war crime under the principle of jus in bello—rules concerning acceptable practices while engaged in war. Thus, this paper presents a solution to the problem which is by incorporating artificial morality into the AWSs making them AMAs. Literatures supporting the possibility of incorporating an ethical dimension that is able to consider moral principles to be applied in AWSs are also presented.
THE PERPETUATION OF THE IMAGE OF THE HOLLY VIRGIN IN V. CIOLAC’S STABAT MATER

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The paper points out the reflectoin of the image of the Holly Mother of the Lord as a semantic reference in V. Ciolac’s work „Stabat Mater”. The conceptual approach of the medieval poem is in keeping with the dimensions of what is known as the conception of the new time that treats the canonic text in the emotional-psychological spirit. The work is analysed from the point of view of the semantic aspect, in this sense outlining the picture of the Mother’s sufferings for her Son.
Application of resonance demodulation method based on local characteristic-scale decomposition and spectral kurtosis in gearbox fault

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Resonance demodulation technology has been widely used for its advantages on magnification and selection of fault information. However, the selection of filter parameters is affected by the subjectivity, and the analysis results are easily affected by the noisy signals under actual working conditions. To solve this problem, a method combining relative entropy and correlation coefficient is proposed to analyze and select Intrinsic Scale Components obtained by Local Characteristic-scale Decomposition, remove false components, and to some extent, denoise. Then, after reconstructing the remaining components, we use spectral kurtosis analysis to find out the most easily detected frequency bands of fault features and analyze them by resonance demodulation, aiming to diagnose gearbox failures. Finally, we compare this method with that based on the empirical mode decomposition. The research shows that the method proposed in this paper can effectively diagnose the gearbox fault and is better than the empirical mode decomposition.
Study of the physical mechanism of a solar flare using MHD modeling over an active region: the onset of an extended surface of magnetic lines passing through a chain of current density maxima

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The primary release of solar flare energy in the corona at altitudes of 15,000 — 70,000 km is explained by the physical mechanism of S.I. Syrovatsky, based on the rapid release of energy accumulated in the magnetic field of the current layer. The observed manifestations of the solar flare are explained by its electrodynamic model proposed by I.M. Podgorny. The model uses analogies with the electrodynamic model of a substorm, previously developed by its author. Since it is impossible to obtain the magnetic field configuration in the corona from observations, it is necessary to conduct MHD modeling. When setting the problem, no assumptions were made about the mechanism of the solar flare. For the numerical solution, an upwind absolutely implicit finite-difference scheme, conservative with respect to magnetic flux, was developed. The scheme is realized in the PERESVET computer program. A detailed study of the pre-flare state over the active region AR 10365 was conducted. The study revealed the emergence of an extended current sheet 50,000 km wide, which is a surface of magnetic lines passing through a chain of closely spaced current density maxima. The magnetic lines of the surface are in the form of arches located in the bright region of the flare emission. At the center of such a current sheet, a 3D maximum of current density does not necessarily have to be achieved. An appearance of a flare in such an arcade is explained by the fact that the main part of the surface of the magnetic arcs has properties that contribute to the development of flare instability.
Stability Analysis of Pricing Competition in Retail Electricity Market: On Impact of Bounded Rationality

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper investigates retail competition in an electricity market with multiple retailers. After reviewing an existing Stackelberg game theoretic market model with a single retailer, we present a novel dynamical retail market model with two competitive retailers and multiple consumers. In the model, the process that consumers choose either of retailers to be contracted with is modeled by a discrete choice model, called logit model. We then analyze the equilibria of the dynamical system and their stability, mainly from the view point on how bounded rationality of the consumers affects the results. Finally, we verify the presented analytical results by bifurcation diagrams.
Versioning and Updating Workflows

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Up until the release of WF4.5, updating and versioning workflows had its challenges because of the lack of support for managing changes within existing workflows. Even though WF provided a better programming paradigm than using imperative code for modeling ever-changing business processes, support for updating and versioning workflows was badly needed. One of the key contributors that drive the need for managing existing workflows that have been implemented in production is business process maturity.As processes evolve within businesses, software that was developed to model original business processes must be updated to provide new functionality. This can be a hard task for software that models processes that are long-running and are actually in the middle of executing a long-running task when changes need to be made to the software. KeywordsBusiness ProcessCredit CardTransaction NumberCandidate ApplicationMovie RentalThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Overload, and Cutbacks, and Freezes, Oh My! The Relative Effects of the Recession-Related Stressors on Employee Strain and Job Satisfaction

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Across the globe, economic fluctuations have taken their toll on both organizations and employees, particularly during sustained recessions. Surprisingly, little research, however, has directly investigated the effects of recessions on employees. As such, the goal of the current study was to investigate the effects of specific recession-related stressors on employee outcomes (strain and satisfaction). We investigated an archival data set of 7666 individuals collected as part of the Workplace Employment Relations Study for relations among recession-related stressors with strain and job satisfaction variables. We found that recession-related stressors were significantly related to both strain and satisfaction. More specifically, certain recession-related stressors (e.g. increased workload and reorganization of work) were more strongly related to strain and satisfaction than others. These results imply the need for greater attention to stress management strategies aimed at helping both employees and their organizations cope with the human costs of economic recessions. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.