jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Use of Make-a-Match Model in Improving Vocabulary Listening Skills in Arabic Language Learning for Elementary Students

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This study investigates the effectiveness of the Make-a-Match model in improving vocabulary listening skills in Arabic language learning for elementary school students. The research method used is library research with a literature review approach. This literature review collects and analyses relevant articles, books, journals, and other reference sources using the Make-a-Match model in Arabic language learning. The analysis results show that the Make-a-Match model can effectively improve vocabulary listening skills in Arabic language learning for elementary school students. This model encourages active student engagement in learning, increases learning motivation, and helps students strengthen associations between vocabulary and meaning. Overall, this study provides a better understanding of the use of the Make-a-Match model in improving vocabulary listening skills in Arabic language learning for elementary school students.
Radiochemical procedure for estimation of sulphur-35 in bioassay samples

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Occupational workers from Board of Radiation Isotopes and Technology (BRIT) are engaged in synthesis of various compounds of Sulphur-35 ( 35 S) for application in life sciences. There is a possibility of intake of 35 S by these workers during the course of their work. It is necessary to assess intake and assign internal dose to these workers following an inhalation of 35 S. Estimation of intake of 35 S, which is a pure beta emitter, involves analysis of urine samples collected from workers. The present study illustrates standardization of a radiochemical procedure for estimation of 35 S in bioassay samples of these workers using Liquid Scintillation Spectrometer (LSS). The radiochemical recovery achieved in the present study ranged from 80.4% to 98.8 % with an average of about 91.4 %. The method, standardized, can be adopted for bioassay monitoring of workers handling 35 S labeled compounds.
Systematic reviews in clinical practice: Evaluating evidence for management of acute whiplash-associated disorder

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Introduction The methodology of systematic review (SR) has developed considerably in recent years. The SR is rated as providing the highest level of evidence as it applies rigour in combining fi ndings from original evidence. However, concern has been expressed regarding the quality of some SRs. Critical evaluation of SRs is essential to ensure that they provide best evidence to inform management decisions in practice. Content A background to SRs illustrates their development and importance to informing decisions for best practice, especially for the busy clinical practitioner. The characteristics of a SR are evaluated using an illustrated example of the development of a SR method to evaluate conservative physical management of patients with acute whiplash-associated disorder grade II. Discussion and Conclusions Understanding the key components of a SR enables effective critique of a published review. This in turn facilitates effi cient use of the SR fi ndings within clinical decision making in practice.
ABSTRACT 640

Field: Nursing (Health Sciences)

Background and aims: Evidence has suggested that enhancement of the skin barrier through topical emollient therapy during the neonatal period has been shown to reduce the incidence of nosocomial sepisis. Aims: To evaluate if topical therapy with sunflower seed oil can improve skin barrier in preterm and if the oil can be effective to protect preterm from infections. Methods: 428 preterm infants who were <34 weeks gestational age and <72 h old were considered eligible for the study during Sep 2010 to Jun 2012.Patients were randomly assigned to sunflower seed oil (SSO) group (153 cases) or Johnson oil (JO) group (140cases) or control group (135 cases).We trained our clinical nursing specialists and after they are qualified they could apply oil. Baseline conditions of the patients were recorded. We tested the impact of topical application of sunflower seed oil and Johnson oil on skin condition and rates of diagnosed infections. Results: There was no significant difference among baselines of three groups. And there was no significant difference among blood cultures of three groups. But patients diagnosed as sepsis were significant different among three groups (P<0.05).Skin condition (skin score reflecting degree of dermatitis) in these groups was compared at weeks 1, 2, 3, and 4.Patients treated with SSO showed statistically less dermatitis than did patients treated with JO, and both had a better outcome than those in the control group (P<0.05) after 14 days. Conclusions: Topical therapy with oil can improve skin condition of preterm patients without increasing infecions. Sunflower seed oil is much better than Johnson oil.
Expression of “Myelomonocytic” Antigens in Mesotheliomas and Adenocarcinomas Involving the Serosal Surfaces

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Because of the demonstrated efficacy of Leu-M1 as a discriminant between malignant epithelioid mesothelioma (MEM) and adenocarcinomas involving the serosal surfaces (ACSs), the authors assessed the reactivities of related "myelomonocytic" antigens in this context. Paraffin sections from 41 MEMs and 43 ACSs (pulmonary, "serous surface papillary," and metastatic mammary adenocarcinomas) were evaluated for their expression of Leu-M1, LN1, LN2, and the Mac 387 antigen. Diagnoses were based in each case on the results of conventional histologic and electron microscopic examinations. Leu-M1 was detected only in minute foci of three peritoneal MEMs and was absent entirely in pleural mesotheliomas. Conversely, 38 of 43 ACSs expressed this marker. Three cases of peritoneal MEM and one pleural mesothelioma were multifocally LN2 positive, as were 39 of 43 ACSs. LN1 was the most frequently expressed antigen in MEM, being observed in 18 such tumors (10 pleural; 8 peritoneal); it was also detected in 37 of 43 ACSs. Mac 387 failed to label any of the neoplasms assessed in this series. These results demonstrate similar patterns of "myelomonocytic" antigen expression by diverse ACS and a general absence of Leu-M1 and LN2 in MEM. LN1 and the Mac 387 antigen appear to have no additional value when compared with Leu-M1 and LN2 in the immunohistochemical evaluation of serosal neoplasms.
Monitoring of pH and temperature of neuropathic diabetic and nondiabetic foot ulcers for 12 weeks: An observational study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Wound bed assessment is largely reliant on subjective interpretation without recourse to objective tools or biomarkers. The identification of a point of care, reliable biomarker would enhance assessment and ultimately clinical decision making. Two potentially emerging wound biomarkers exist: surface pH and surface temperature. To date, knowledge of their use has been predominantly in wound prevention, in vitro studies and single time measurements. Our objective was to determine surface pH, size, and surface temperature in noninfected, neuropathic foot ulcers at baseline and at 12 weeks. 50 patients (68% [ n = 34] had diabetes) participated. Mean baseline pH of wounds was 6.95 (SD 1.01); temperature 30.91 °C (SD 3.00); and size 0.82 cm 2 (SD 0.61). After 12 weeks, 26% ( n = 13) were lost to follow‐up, 50% ( n = 25) had healed. Of the remaining patients, mean pH was 6.72 (SD 0.54); temperature 30.88 °C (SD 2.97), and size 0.13 cm 2 (SD 0.13). We have provided baseline values for pH and temperature of noninfected, neuropathic diabetic, and nondiabetic foot ulceration. Further studies in a larger cohort are warranted to determine if temperature and or pH are indicative of a healing or nonhealing state.
Abstract LB251: Widespread epigenetic deregulation and its dependency on tumor sidedness in colorectal cancer

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Clinical evidence suggests that right-sided colorectal cancer (CRC) tends to have a worse prognosis compared to left-sided CRC. The distinct functional mechanisms underlying this “sidedness” remain cryptic and poorly understood. Thus, molecular classification of CRC is of paramount in targeting specific subtypes and personalizing treatment for patients. To identify targetable molecular features to improve treatment regimens, we performed multi-faceted network analyses of a large number of CRC patients. In our network model, differential expression of transcript abundance, epigenetic features, and mutational frequency were used to identify widespread gene dysregulation and perturbed pathways to reveal disrupted networks distinct to right or left sided colorectal cancer. We discovered histone related genes and distinct epigenetic signals are at play in right-sided CRC. Additionally, our studies reveal “at risk” patient characteristics suggestive of survival differences, to improve diagnostic predictors based on CRC sidedness. Overall, our integrative approach serves to link molecular profiles distinct between left and right sided colorectal cancer, while paving the way towards identifying more effective treatment alternatives from a previously overlooked, readily characterized subtype of colorectal cancer. Citation Format: Brandon Burgman, Xingxin Pan, Anjali Agrawal, Nidhi Sahni, S. Stephen Yi. Widespread epigenetic deregulation and its dependency on tumor sidedness in colorectal cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 2 (Late-Breaking, Clinical Trial, and Invited Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(7_Suppl):Abstract nr LB251.
An antagonist of retinoic acid receptors more effectively inhibits growth of human prostate cancer cells than normal prostate epithelium

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Screening of synthetic retinoids for activity against prostate carcinoma cell lines has identified antagonists of retinoic acid receptors (RARs) as potent growth inhibitors ( Hammond et al, 2001, Br J Cancer 85, 453 - 462). Here we report that 5 days of exposure to a high-affinity pan-RAR antagonist (AGN194310) abolished growth of prostate carcinoma cells from 14 out of 14 patients, with half-maximal inhibition between 200 and 800 nM. It had similar effects (at similar to250 nM) on the prostate carcinoma lines LNCaP, DU-145 and PC-3. AGN194310 inhibited the growth of normal prostate epithelium cells less potently, by 50% at similar to1 muM. The growth of tumour cells was also inhibited more than that of normal cells when RARbeta together with RARgamma, but not RARalpha alone, were antagonised. Treatment of LNCaP cells with AGN194310 arrested them in G1 of cell cycle within 12 h, with an accompanying rise in the level of p21(waf1). The cells underwent apoptosis within 3 days, as indicated by mitochondrial depolarisation, Annexin V binding and DNA fragmentation. Apoptosis was caspase-independent: caspases were neither cleaved nor activated, and DNA fragmentation was unaffected by the pan-caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK. The ability of AGN 194310 to induce apoptosis of prostate cancer cells and its differential effect on malignant and normal prostate epithelial cells suggests that this compound may be useful in the treatment of prostate cancer.
Some remarks about Australian Coleoptera

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Chalcotaenia laeta Waterh. Mr. Waterhouse bestowed this name (Ann. Mag. of Nat. Hist. 5th ser. vol. VII (1881), p. 463) upon a species close to C. Australasiae Saund., and a few years afterwards (Ann. & Mag. of Nat. Hist. 5th ser. vol. XIII (1884), p. 371) he described under the same name a species allied to C. gigas Hope. For the latter I now propose the name C. Waterhousei.
Chalcotaenia vittata Waterh. (Ann. & Mag. of Nat. Hist. 5th ser. vol. VII (1881), p. 462) is apparently = C. Salamandra Thoms. (Bull. Soc. Ent. de France (1879) p. CLVIII).
Calculation of hardening process parameters for locomotive parts

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The existing theoretical models of heating by concentrated sources with a high energy density generally describe processes with deep penetration welding of part surfaces. The purpose of this study is to identify the factors that have a major effect on hardening of parts through heat treatment with a high-speed or pulsed scanning stationary heat source, which creates a uniform temperature field. Using methods of regression analysis, the authors derived equations for calculating the hardening depth in the proposed hardening process, the rate and time of steel cooling in a critical temperature range. The paper presents the calculated parameters of the hardening process in which parts, including wheel flanges of locomotives, are heated by a plasma arc in nitrogen. The findings can be used to reduce costs of complex experiments aimed at selecting surface heat hardening parameters to increase the service life of locomotive mechanical parts.
Transgenerational Communitarianism in a Global Interconnected World: A Critique

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract We discuss how transgenerational communitarianism deals with public decisions involving tradeoffs between different generations’ wellbeing and having global consequences. Policies for tackling climate change are an example. Although there is a natural, evolutionary, basis for intergenerational altruism, most people lack the competencies for constituting a transgenerational community. Moreover, greater attention to future generations’ wellbeing need not substitute for collective action: a lower discount rate reflecting a stronger concern for future generations may even worsen their wellbeing. Finally, in a world of irreducible value pluralism, there is no community of persons sharing moral values that can legitimize common policies for addressing global problems: only the common interest of avoiding destructive consequences may motivate collective action to face problems like climate change.
Unravelling the Conformational Plasticity of the Extracellular Domain of a Prokaryotic nAChR Homologue in Solution by NMR

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Pentameric ligand-gated ion channels (pLGICs) of the Cys loop family are transmembrane glycoproteins implicated in a variety of biological functions. Here, we present a solution NMR study of the extracellular domain of a prokaryotic pLGIC homologue from the bacterium Gloeobacter violaceus that is found to be a monomer in solution.
Transient Elastography Measures of Hepatic Steatosis and Fibrosis Are Associated With Body Composition Among US Adolescents

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives: Obesity‐related fatty liver disease impacts long‐term adolescent liver health. We examined transient elastography assessed hepatic steatosis and fibrosis distributions and relationships with body composition and lifestyle factors in a United States national adolescent population sample. Methods: Liver stiffness and controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) were assessed on 1080 non‐Hispanic white, non‐Hispanic black, non‐Hispanic Asian, and Hispanic boys and girls aged 12–19 years in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2017–2018. Participants underwent anthropometry and dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry (DXA). Results: Compared with girls, boys had higher mean CAP (223.7 dB/m vs 215.3 dB/m) and liver stiffness (5.1 kPa vs 4.9 kPa). CAP and liver stiffness increased markedly with body mass index (BMI). In multivariable‐adjusted analysis, CAP in the upper quartile was associated with Hispanic and non‐Hispanic Asian ethnicity and increased BMI, waist‐to‐hip ratio, systolic blood pressure, and sedentary time, and decreased physical activity and Healthy Eating Index‐2015 score. In multivariable‐adjusted analysis, liver stiffness in the upper quartile was associated with male sex, non‐Hispanic black ethnicity, and increased BMI, alanine aminotransferase, CAP, and serum cotinine. DXA total percent fat and trunk fat percent were positively related to CAP ( P < 0.001 for each), but not to liver stiffness with multivariable adjustment. Results were similar with CAP and liver stiffness as continuous characteristics. Conclusions: In US adolescents, increased anthropometric and DXA body composition measures and lifestyle factors were associated with higher CAP and liver stiffness. Transient elastography and similar noninvasive markers may be utilized for early detection of liver disease in high‐risk pediatric populations.
Virtual Fashion Mirror

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Everyone loves to go shopping for clothes, except for the hassle that is the trial room experience. The Augmented Reality Fashion Display attempts to streamline the shopping process by removing all the troubles of trying on multiple clothes at a small cramped trail room. The product is capable of identifying a person, displaying clothes and accessories like watches on them in real time. This reduces the time spent waiting in queues and the cumbersomeness of trying on clothes that may have been worn by someone before you in the very same trial room. The applications for this technology can expand well beyond the scope of fashion stores and into the realm of fashion design itself enabling fashion designers to create models of their prototype designs and early concept art and test it out virtually before spending materials and resources to physically manifest these designs.
Errors and mistakes: Evaluating the accuracy of social judgment.

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Laboratory research on "error" in social judgment has largely supplanted research that addresses accuracy issues more directly.Moreover, this research attracts a great deal of attention because of what many take to be its dismal implications for the accuracy of human social reasoning.These implications are illusory, however, because an error is not the same thing as a "mistake."An error is a judgment of an experimental stimulus that departs from a model of the judgment process.If this model is normative, then the error can be said to represent an incorrect judgment.A mistake, by contrast, is an incorrect judgment of a real-world stimulus and therefore more difficult to determine.Although errors can be highly informative about the process of judgment in general, they are not necessarily relevant to the content or accuracy of particular judgments, because errors in a laboratory may not be mistakes with respect to a broader, more realistic frame of reference and the processes that produce such errors might lead to correct decisions and adaptive outcomes in real life.Several examples are described in this article.Accuracy issues cannot be addressed by research that concentrates on demonstrating error in relation to artificial stimuli, but only by research that uses external, realistic criteria for accuracy.These criteria might include the degree to which judgments agree with each other and yield valid predictions of behavior.The accuracy of human social judgment is a topic of obvious interest and importance.It is only natural to wonder to what degree the judgments we make of the personalities of ourselves and others might be right or wrong, and to desire to improve our accuracy.Nonpsychologists are often surprised and disappointed, therefore, when they begin to take psychology courses and discover that the field has largely foresworn interest in the accuracy issue.The discipline's early, direct interest in accuracy (e.g., Estes, 1938;Taft, 1955;Vernon, 1933) was all but completely stifled some years ago by the publication of a series of methodological critiques by Cronbach (1955), Hastorf and Bender (1952), and others.As a result, according to one authoritative textbook:The accuracy issue has all but faded from view in recent years, at least for personality judgments.There is not much present interest in questions about whether people are accurate.. . .There is, in short, almost no concern with normative questions of accuracy.On the other hand, in recent years there has been a renewed interest in how, why, and in what circumstances people are inaccurate.(Schneider, Hastorf, & Ellsworth, 1979, p. 224; see also Cook, 1984)' Specifically, the psychology of social judgment has been dominated in recent years by a flood of research on the subject of "error."Studies of error appear in the literature at a prodigious rate, are disproportionately likely to
New Rapid Diagnostic Tests for Neisseria meningitidis Serogroups A, W135, C, and Y

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background Outbreaks of meningococcal meningitis (meningitis caused by Neisseria meningitidis) are a major public health concern in the African "meningitis belt," which includes 21 countries from Senegal to Ethiopia. Of the several species that can cause meningitis, N. meningitidis is the most important cause of epidemics in this region. In choosing the appropriate vaccine, accurate N. meningitidis serogroup determination is key. To this end, we developed and evaluated two duplex rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) for detecting N. meningitidis polysaccharide (PS) antigens of several important serogroups. Methods and Findings Mouse monoclonal IgG antibodies against N. meningitidis PS A, W135/Y, Y, and C were used to develop two immunochromatography duplex RDTs, RDT1 (to detect serogroups A and W135/Y) and RDT2 (to detect serogroups C and Y). Standards for Reporting of Diagnostic Accuracy criteria were used to determine diagnostic accuracy of RDTs on reference strains and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples using culture and PCR, respectively, as reference tests. The cutoffs were 105 cfu/ml for reference strains and 1 ng/ml for PS. Sensitivities and specificities were 100% for reference strains, and 93.8%–100% for CSF serogroups A, W135, and Y in CSF. For CSF serogroup A, the positive and negative likelihood ratios (± 95% confidence intervals [CIs]) were 31.867 (16.1–63.1) and 0.065 (0.04–0.104), respectively, and the diagnostic odds ratio (± 95% CI) was 492.9 (207.2–1,172.5). For CSF serogroups W135 and Y, the positive likelihood ratio was 159.6 (51.7–493.3) Both RDTs were equally reliable at 25 °C and 45 °C. Conclusions These RDTs are important new bedside diagnostic tools for surveillance of meningococcus serogroups A and W135, the two serogroups that are responsible for major epidemics in Africa.