jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Denizens of Alien Worlds: A Study of Education, Inequality and Polarization in Pakistan * By TARIQ RAHMAN (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005), 210 pp. Price HB $14.00. ISBN 0-19-597863-3.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This book makes a well-informed contribution to our understanding of the education system in Pakistan. It will be useful to those interested in International Comparative Education, Sociology of Education and Inclusive Education. It has direct relevance for teachers, policy makers and educationalists in Pakistan and those in other countries where Pakistanis now live. Basing his argument on government data, empirical evidence, personal experience and reflexive observations, Tariq Rahman has sought to navigate the uneven, complex and multi-layered terrain facing those who wish to challenge structural inequalities in Pakistan. He demonstrates the need to improve the quality, relevance and accessibility of basic education for millions of school-age children, and thousands of students in higher education in Pakistan, particularly those who cannot access fee-paying elite educational establishments. The UNESCO Document ‘Education for All’ (1990) defines the rights of the majority of Pakistani students, and the responsibilities of those in charge of educational...
Outcome of Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The natural history and prognostic factors of primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) are poorly defined. We reviewed our experience with PSC to determine its natural history and whether any factors on presentation or during follow-up were indicative of a favorable or unfavorable prognosis. Thirty-eight patients were followed up for 75.1 +/- 58.7 months; 17 (45%) had a poor outcome, defined as the occurrence of death (11 patients [29%]), variceal hemorrhage, hepatic encephalopathy, or hepatic transplantation. We found the following: the rate of progression of PSC is highly variable; an asymptomatic presentation may not indicate a more favorable outcome or prolonged survival; a serum bilirubin value of four times or more the upper limit of normal, particularly if sustained so as to exclude a reversible cause, is indicative of late-stage disease with a likelihood of subsequent poor outcome and death; and variceal hemorrhage may occur before the terminal stage of the disease.
Effects of the Noncyclic Cyanamides on the Retrogradation of Waxy Corn Starch

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract The suppressive effects of noncyclic cyanamides (guanidine hydrochloride, urea, and thiourea) on the retrogradation of waxy corn starch (WCS) gel were examined using differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray powder diffraction. We demonstrated that thiourea, guanidine hydrochloride, and urea effectively suppressed the retrogradation of the WCS gel in this order.
Polyethers with 8-Hydroxy-54-Quinolinyl Chelating End-Groups: Effect on Iron Nutrition of Plants and Antibacterial/Antimycotic Effects

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The effect of Fe 3+ chelates of polyethers having terminal 8-quinolinol (8Q) residues linked to the polymer chain at different ring positions on the remedy of iron-deficient maize plants was studied. It was found that Fe 3+ chelates of polymers with 8Q groups attached at the 5-position (HOQ-P-QOH) were the most effective. Decreasing the temperature and photosynthetic photon flux density caused a four-fold retardation in the remedy of iron-deficient plants. The results are explained in terms of the stability of the Fe 3+ complexes. The microbiological tests showed that the polyethers were active against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. HOQ-P-QOH also exhibited antimycotic activity.
Soil Moisture Characteristics on Several Soil Types

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Soil water availability is one of the important factors injluencing plant growth. Soil that can store more water in alonger time can support a better plant growth. This study was aimed to evaluate the dynamics of soil water of four differentsoils with different characteristics. Four soils classes are clayey textured soils-Red Yellowish Podsolik Jasinga, Clayeytextured soils-Latosol Darmaga, . Sandy Textured soil-Regosol Sindang Barang, and highly organic mater content soi/sAndosolSukamantri. The result showed that at every-suction analyzed, Andosol Sukamantri had consistently highest watercontent while Regosol Sindang Barang was consistently lowest. Similar tendency wasfoundfor available water capacity. Theresult also showed that moisture content at Regosol decrease more rapidly than those of the other three soils. The time need to reach likely constant moisture content is variable with soil type; lowest at Regosol Sindangbarang (45 hours after completely saturated and drained) followed by Podsolik Jasinga (73 hours), Latosol darmaga (74 hours) and Andosol Sulcamatri (76 hours).
Review of complex adaptive systems in nursing practice

Field: Nursing (Health Sciences)

This article describes the most typical characteristics of complex adaptive systems (CAS) theory and how it works in healthcare organizations and nursing practice. Complexity science belongs to newest systems thinking, which explore complex systems by focusing on the system components, relationships and interconnections rather than on the individual components themselves. The nurse must therefore always keep in mind the larger picture when caring for the individual patient and expect to be disturbed by unexpected possibilities. The incorporation of complexity science concepts into the practice of nursing leadership encourages new ways of thinking about organizations and is a natural model for the ideals and expected results of skilled nursing. CAS theory will take a permanent place in the healthcare organizations activities, improve nursing processes and create a better work environment for nursing and job satisfaction.
X monosomy in a Virilized Female Cat

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Contents An infertile Siamese female cat was subjected for clinical, histological, cytogenetic and molecular studies due to ambiguous external genitalia (vulva, vagina, rudimentary penis and scrotum‐like structure) and masculine behaviour. An elevated oestrogen activity and a detectable level of testosterone were found. The cat underwent laparotomy. The gonads and the uterus were removed and subjected for histological studies, which showed ovaries with corpora lutea and a some primordial follicles. Chromosome studies of lymphocyte and fibroblast cultures, with the use of Giemsa staining, G‐banding and whole X chromosome painting by fluorescence in situ hybridization, revealed pure X monosomy. Molecular analysis showed the absence of the SRY gene. Our study revealed for the first time that X monosomy in cats may be associated with virilization, in spite of the lack of the SRY gene.
Determination of cluster size of <i>Pratylenchus Penetrans</i> phytonematode in a rose field

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A nursery field 21 m x 80 m was sampled sequentially for Pratylenchus penetrans by decreasing the plot sizes systematically. Plots sizes of 3.6 m x 8 m, 3.6 m x 3.6 m and 0.6 m x 0.6 m were sampled. Nematode counts were computed to obtain the respective sample mean and variance. The sample mean and variance were computed to obtain a and b values of the Taylor's power law. It is reported that the a and b-values of the Taylor's power law are influenced by plot size and number of cores per sample.
Impact of KIR B/X Genotype and Missing KIR Ligands in HLA-Matched Unrelated Donor HSCT

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Abstract 4488 Objective To study the prognostic impact of missing ligands for inhibitory killer immunoglobulin-like receptor(KIR) and donor KIR B/X genotype in HLA-matched hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(HSCT) using unrelated donor. Methods HLA genotype of 51 patients (ALL 22 cases,AML 13 cases,CML 14 cases,MDS 1 case and HAL 1 case) and their matched unrelated donors was determined by polymerase chain reaction sequence oligonucleotide probes(PCR- SSOP) and sequence specific primers (PCR-SSP).The KIR genotype was determined by PCR-SSP. Results Patients were divided into two groups. Group A consisted of 16 patients with donor KIR B/X genotype and missing HLA class I ligands for donor inhibitory KIR, and group B consisted of 35 patients without KIR B/X or missing KIR ligands.The 3-year overall survival(OS) rate for group A was 93.8%, and the OS rate for group B was 61.7% (P=0.058).The 3-year continuous complete remission(CCR) rate for the two groups was 83.3% and 57.2%,respectively(P=0.098).There was no significant difference in neutrophil and platelet recovery,≥ III° acute GVHD(6.3% vs 20.0%,P>0.05) and extensive chronic GVHD (25.0% vs 17.1%,P>0.05) between the two groups. Conclusions In HLA-matched unrelated donor HSCT,donor KIR B/X genotype and missing KIR ligands may be associated with decreased severely acute GVHD,improved CCR and OS. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Existence and approximate controllability of Sobolev type fractional stochastic evolution equations

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Abstract We study the existence of mild solutions and the approximate controllability concept for Sobolev type fractional semilinear stochastic evolution equations in Hilbert spaces. We prove existence of a mild solution and give sufficient conditions for the approximate controllability. In particular, we prove that the fractional linear stochastic system is approximately controllable in [0, b] if and only if the corresponding deterministic fractional linear system is approximately controllable in every [s, b], 0 ≤ s < b. An example is provided to illustrate the application of the obtained results.
META-AMPHION: synthesis of efficient domain-specific program synthesis systems

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

AMPHION is a real-world knowledge-based software engineering (KBSE) system whose program synthesis subsystem is based on deductive synthesis. AMPHION has a domain-independent generic architecture that is specialized to a domain through a declarative theory. Program synthesis has been made efficient and automatic through manual tuning of theorem-proving strategies and tactics, and careful formulation of domain theories. The META-AMPHION system is being developed to empower domain experts to develop, maintain, and evolve their own AMPHION applications. META-AMPHION is intended to be the knowledge-based analogue of application-generator generator technology. The paper describes technology for automatically transforming declarative domain theories into efficient domain-specific program synthesis systems.
Self-examination of the breasts.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Self-examination of the breasts SIR,-The technique usually described for carrying out self-examination of the breasts is repeated from pamphlet to pamphlet without question, and the description in the BMJ (5 August, p 413) is no exception.It would seem that no authors have actually tried to carry out the manoeuvre that they advocate, for they would find that it is not very practicable.To expect a woman to examine the medial half of her breast using the flat of the ipsilateral hand demands a combination of gymnastic skill and hyperextension of the metacarpophalangeal joints not usually found outside a ballet school.Self-examination of the breast should be carried out in the same way that a doctor would do a clinical examination of the breasts.The flat of the right hand is drawn right across the left breast from left to right.Starting at the top of the breast this is repeated at lower levels until the whole breast has been palpated.The left hand is then used to examine the right breast in a similar way.
Factors Impacting Field March Performance of U.S. Service Academy Cadets

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Field march performance (FMP) is an important skill of ground combat forces. Aerobic ability, “GRIT”, overall strength & perhaps lean body mass are important factors influencing FMP. PURPOSE: Investigate factors impacting FMP in a military school selection process of U.S. Service Academy cadets. METHODS: 230 relatively fit subjects participated in a one-day military school selection tryout culminating with an ~8.5 mile FMP carrying ~35-lb load on terrain including several elevation changes each of at least ~500 feet. Specific multiple regression & frequency distribution analysis involved investigating the factors influencing the top & bottom 10% FMP (n = 46) of the larger sample. RESULTS: Analysis revealed that service academy career run time was the most potent factor impacting FMP; multiple R = .79, adjusted R2 = .62. Threshold measures appear present; 12:30 or faster 2MR (13 vs 0 subjects) and 2:38 or faster on an indoor obstacle course test (IOCT; 15 vs 2 subjects) reside in the Top 10% fastest FMP group. Body mass (adjusted R2 = -.02) and pull-ups (adjusted R2 = .02; a questionable surrogate for strength) did not impact FMP. Descriptive data:Table: No title available.*Data unavailable, institutional data reveals mean IOCT time of ~180 secs. DISCUSSION: With 35-lb load, body mass & pull-ups did not influence FMP, whereas aerobic ability was the most potent factor. A postulated “GRIT” factor, attaining a performance badge on the IOCT (<2:38 min:sec); although a high incidence of success attainment (15/23 top 10% vs 2/23 bottom 10%), did not increase the variance in a two- factor regression model. CONCLUSIONS: In the present study, more robust strength measures were unfortunately not attained and future research should examine these and other physiological parameters. For soldiers desiring success on an 8.5 mile FMP with a 35-lb load, achieving & maintaining a career 2MR of at least 12:30 appears to enhance FMP and lead to a more enhanced physical profile related to military school selection criteria.
Hidden influences on image quality when comparing interpolation methods

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

When comparing different interpolation methods, common approach is to use an objective image quality measure that evaluates the numerical errors between the original image and interpolated image. The problem with this approach is impossibility to have original image in two or more different resolutions. Common method is to start with an original image, calculate a lower resolution version of original image (downscaling), and then use different interpolation methods to magnify low resolution image (upscaling). After that original and magnified interpolated images are compared to evaluate difference between them. In our research we found that downscaling process has great influence on results of upscaling. This influence is not properly addressed in references that deal with image interpolation methods. Therefore in this paper we will try to examine how the process of achieving lower resolution image affects picture quality of interpolated images. Our results show that comparison of image interpolation methods depends on downscaling technique, image contents and quality metric.
Polymers with a High Refractive Index and Low Optical Dispersion

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Communication: Organic Polyelectrolytes (I–VII) known as Ionenes, with unique combinations of high refractive index (ND) and high Abbe number (VD, see figure) now compete with inorganic glasses for application in optics. Variation of the counterions allows the tuning of their chemical and optical properties.
HYPOXIC CHALLENGE ACTIVATES HUMAN SYMPATHETIC BRAINSTEM AND HYPOTHALAMIC SITES

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

BACKGROUND: Peripheral carotid chemoreceptors, which raise sympathetic activation at the brainstem level, may be altered trough atmospheric condition and is further affected by weightlessness-induced neural plasticity. However, human peripheral chemoreflex regulation in the brainstem is poorly understood due to the lack of suitable methodologies. Therefore, we combined measurements of beat-by-beat blood pressure and SpO2, and high-resolution functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to elucidate human brainstem circuits engaged through hypoxic peripheral chemoreceptor activation. METHOD AND MATERIAL: We submitted 12 healthy men (29.7 ±6.6 years; 24.0 ±1.86 kg/m2) to five hypoxic episodes by breathing 10% oxygen for 180 seconds followed by 90 seconds normoxia during multiband fMRI brain acquisitions. We monitored continuous finger arterial blood pressure using customized hardware, ECG, and SpO2. Brainstem and hypothalamus fMRI images were analyzed to identify nuclei involved in peripheral chemoreflex processing. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and SpO2 time courses were correlated with the blood-oxygen-level-dependent signals with a general linear model. RESULTS: With hypoxia, SpO2 decreased by 12.32 ±3.68% (p < 0.01), heart rate increased 13.86 ±3.47 (p < 0.01), and SBP decreased with hypoxia 5.45 ±5.5 mmHg (p < 0.01). In the brainstem, the nucleus tractus solitarii (t-values: SpO2: 5.9; SBP: 4.79), the caudal ventrolateral medulla (SBP: 5.59), intermediate reticular nucleus (SBP: 5.98), nucleus ambiguus (SBP: 5.59), dorsal motor nucleus of the vagal nerve (SBP: 4.79), and inferior olive (SpO2: 4.7, SBP: 6.16) were identified with high sensitivity and corrected for multiple comparisons (p < 0.01). Furthermore, we observed activation of the following hypothalamic nuclei: paraventricular nucleus (SpO2: 7.67), anterior and lateral hypothalamic area (SpO2: 7.67, SBP: 4.79), supraoptic nucleus, and tuberomammillary nucleus (SpO2: 7.07). CONCLUSION: High-resolution brainstem fMRI during repeated hypoxia traces brainstem circuits engaged by peripheral chemoreceptors. This methodology allows the analysis of neural adaptation to atmospheric conditioning and short- and long term weightlessness. Furthermore, the understanding of the peripheral chemoreceptor contributions to human cardiovascular disease may enlighten not only antihypertensive therapy.
Health Management Centered on Care and Care Diversification

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The systemic review analyzed the breadth of organizational management responsibility, in the form of complying with criteria for inclusion and diversification of care and population health services, emphasizing the implication of the economic criterion as the main point of the challenge of effectiveness actions. Methodologically, it was considered safe databases to search for scientific productions, retroactively, in Portuguese and English, but indexed directly to the health management system. It is concluded that the social right to health is above all a public and sanitary administrative problem, but in this context, the centralization in the educational prevention format of a community lacking information is predominant due to the diversity of contexts based on strategic guidelines, which prematurely focuses care technologies only as diagnostic methods, and the actions must provide the maximum amount of information to demonstrate an adequate management model in the decision-making function, which has not yet been implemented and judiciously can expose risks if not well planned by the team.
The Status of DBAE Programs in School Districts Participating in the Getty Institute for Educators on the Visual Arts

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

An evaluation report submitted to the Getty Center for Education in the Arts by Ralph Hoepfner, Ph.D on June 1, 1991. The report is titled "The Status of DBAE Programs in School Districts Participating in the Getty Institute For Educators on the Visual Arts." The report details the decreased support in DBAE from the Getty Institute after two years of working together with twenty-one districts. The report attempts, as stated, to assess the extent, nature and causes of maintenance or decay of those programs.
Isolation and Characterization of Tannic Acid Hydrolysing Bacteria from Soil

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Soil around slaughter house is continuously inoculated with aerobic bacteria from rumen of animals.Ruminant microflora, is able to degrade phenolic compounds such as tannins.Soil containing ruminant micro flora near slaughter house is cultured on Bushnell and Hans's medium containing tannic acid.Three bacterial colonies were isolated, cultivated for identification which are then analysed for biochemical characterization and physiological characterization.Furthermore tannase activity and tannin protein degrading activity of each isolate were determined qualitatively.
[Clarification of the ultrasound features of benign kidney tumors. Apropos of 10 cases].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Benign tumours of the kidney are rare conditions; their pre-operative diagnosis is of great importance, as in many cases it avoids the need for a total or even extended nephrectomy. The authors report 10 cases of benign renal tumours, which were explored by ultrasound and confirmed: an adenoma, a haemangiopericytoma, 4 angiomyolipomas, 2 oncocytomas and 2 multilocular cysts. The ultrasound appearance of these tumours does not seem to be specific. The angiomyolipoma only had a typical appearance in two cases, while the other two cases had an appearance no different from an adenocarcinoma or from another benign tumour.
On the past and the future of the urban agriculture movement: Reflections in tribute to Jac Smit

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

First paragraph: In the second half of the 19th century and early 20th century, a number of reformers responded to the horrific conditions of life in the expanding industrial cities of Europe and North America by calling for the transformation of modern cities through a rationalized system for producing built environments that can accommodate growing populations while improving living conditions. As Carolyn Steel has rightly pointed out, food has long shaped our cities (Steel, 2008), and food did hold a central place in the theories of many of the key early thinkers about cities and land.[1] These theories were intimately connected to urban reforms through a range of progressive but paternalistic urban design interventions that consciously sought to weave the green shade and restfulness of the countryside into city parks, street tree plantings, urban allotment gardens, and green river and canal banks. On a darker note, the healthy relaxation touted by garden enthusiasts also served to shift the burden of sustenance away from industrialists and fair-wage policies and onto the shoulders of urbanizing families, especially the women in them (cf. Bellows, 2004). But on balance, garden spaces in densely populated cities and factory settlements offered valuable nourishment and quiet retreats from the chaos of work and cycles of economic instability and war. [1] Just to cite some key theorists who gave a central place to the food system in their thinking about urban settlements: Henry George, von Thünen, Ebenezer Howard, Patrick Geddes, Frank Lloyd Wright.