jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Electron impact double ionization of neon, argon and molecular nitrogen: role of the two-step mechanism

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract\nRecent measurements of the (e, 3-1e) four-fold differential cross sections (4DCS) for double ionisation of helium are here extended to more complex targets, namely neon, argon and molecular nitrogen. The previous observations of large angular shifts in the experimental 4DCS distributions with respect to the momentum transfer axis and the existence of structures in these distributions are found to similarly hold here. For the three investigated targets, the experimental data are compared with the kinematical analysis previously given to describe the second order, 'two-step 2 ' double ionisation mechanism. Such comparison confirms our interpretation which allows relating the observed shifts and structures in the intensity distributions mostly to the 'two-step 2 ' mechanism, which is shown to predominate over the first-order 'shake-off ' and 'two-step 1 ' mechanisms under the present kinematics. The experimental data are also compared to the predictions of a first Born and a second Born model, showing a rather mixed agreement.
Impact of neoadjuvant FOLFIRINOX over upfront resection in borderline resectable pancreatic cancer—an international, multicentre, real-world analysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: This study explores the potential benefits of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in borderline resectable (BR) pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Despite neoadjuvant treatment (NAT) increasingly being utilised, uncertainty remains as to the optimal approach. Patients and methods: This study assessed clinical outcomes for 218 consecutive BR patients from the PURPLE registry. We compared initial surgery (IS) to NAT overall, and between different chemotherapy regimens. Results: Of 1314 non-metastatic patients enrolled, 218 (17%) were considered BR. Of 28 planned for IS, 11/28 (39%) had their tumour excised compared to 68/152 (45%) with NAT (P = 0.59). Among those who received NAT and were resected, 52/100 (52%) received FOLFIRINOX (P = 0.234) and 8/28 (29%) received nab-paclitaxel with gemcitabine (nabPGem). There was no difference in median overall survival (OS) [hazard ratio (HR) 0.72, P = 0.199] between pooled NAT versus IS. Neoadjuvant FOLFIRINOX was associated with improved R0 resection rates (26% versus 7%, P = 0.07) and lower perineural invasion (51% versus 82%, P = 0.02) compared to IS in resected specimens. Neoadjuvant FOLFIRINOX improved OS (HR 0.53, P = 0.02), with a 23% improvement in 2-year OS. There was no difference in survival outcomes between IS and nabPGem. Conclusions: The results of our study suggest that neoadjuvant FOLFIRINOX could improve R0 resection rate and OS compared to IS.
The selected aspects of transport services punctuality measurement rated by the carrier and passengers / Wybrane aspekty pomiaru punktualności przewozów przez przewoźnika i pasażerów

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract The quality of public transport plays an increasingly important role in overall quality of life assessment in metropolitan areas. The punctuality of departures is classified as one of the primary criteria for passengers, public transport authorities and carriers. The paper presents the problem of measuring the punctuality of services in view of assessing by different participants of the transportation process. The literature references were discussed pointing out the most commonly used measures for punctuality assessment and relevance to travel-time reliability. The analytic tool designed for transport operator was described, which provides detailed analysis based on data registered during the transport services execution. The information support model for the transport system operation process was referred, which utilizes the available archive timetable execution data to provide the optimized routes based on passengers’ query. The importance of reliability assessment was highlighted for the interchanges being performed along the journey.
Exploration of Astrophysics: From Newton’s Law of Gravitation to General Relativity

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Science developments are cumulative, with each new discovery building on the foundations laid by previous knowledge, enabling further. This article discusses the evolution of how the reality of universe is gradually revealed. Where people first discussed about Geocentric and heliocentric models, continuing to the time where Kepler found Kepler’s three laws, then to Newton’s law of gravitation. Further, with Einstein building upon Newton’s law and finding general relativity, process of recognizing knowledges on black hole and gravitational waves is finally speeding up. In this article, the author will give a brief understanding about these topics above, including their scientific definitions, interesting stories, and their relations between each other. From ancient to present, this paper will explain in simple words that are easy to understand for most age groups, gradually bring people into the world of astrophysics. Ending with the discoveries of gravitational waves which human are still looking forward to further findings, this will surely expand the overall knowledge and understanding on astrophysics.
The performance of West African dwarf goat on dietary magnesium sulphate supplements

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A 56-day feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary magnesium sulphate on the performance of West African Dwarf (WAD) goat using 12 does weighing 7 - 10kg. There were four dietary levels of MgSO4 (Dl), 0.5(D2), 1.0 (D3) and 1.5% (D4). Dry matter intake, growth and Mg retention were used as the criteria for judgment. Result showed that addition of magnesium sulphate significantly (P<0.05) increased mean daily gain from 34.00 -46.00g. The dry matter intake declined (P<0.05) with increased level of dietary magnesium sulphate (3.21-2.34Kg/W07Skg) Goat fed diet D4 depicted an optimum feed conversion ratio (10.50) while the least was observed for animals fed Dl (14.50). The result further showed that the magnesium requirement for body maintenance was 0.003g/kgBW/day while the requirement for maximum growth was 1.5% of the diet. Key words: Magnesium sulphate, goats, performance, maintenance requirement
As one Arkansas CMHC plans to exit, others lament fraying of system

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

In an atmosphere of change that Arkansas community mental health providers characterize as “too much too soon,” leaders in the provider community last week described to MHW what they see as a shattering of the state's public mental health system. The most dramatic effect of the strains on the system has been last month's announcement that the Little Rock Community Mental Health Center will close in late September after more than 50 years of service to the community.
Segmentation of Fetal 3D Brain MRIs and Spectral Brain Matching

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Medical research is a very diverse field and recently machine learning has become a part of it. One area in which it can be applied particularly well is the analysis of medical image data. The segmentation of this data is a difficult task in which a lot of research is done.In this thesis, a method for the automatic segmentation of magnetic resonance images (MRI) of fetal brains is presented. In comparison, the automatic segmentation of the adult brain is already well advanced and there are several interesting results. In this case, the quantity and quality of the data as well as the complex structure of the fetal brain are a major challenge for any automatic segmentation program. A popular method for segmentation is deep learning. In this process, artificial neural networks are trained on pre-segmented data. With the experience gained further data can be evaluated independently. Convolution and the U-Net architecture are used to particularly improve the quality of the image analysis of neural networks. In the course of this thesis, experiments are carried out to find a suitable structure for a neural network. Inspired by others, several techniques such as sequencing neural networks or hierarchical structures are evaluated and implemented. To improve the spatial information of the artificial neural network, spectral coordinates are applied and a topological loss function supports the identification of the cortex. This techniques improve the automatic segmentation and lead to promising results. Especially the spectral coordinates and the topological loss function increase the performance of the network in the cortex.
P & W 4748 213

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

•\nTHE PRACTICE OF WAR. 177\ning the enemy, and, most of the time, when the enemy is\nalready broken. When the critical moment has come, the\nskirmishers retire at a. run through the intervals of bat­talions,\nor throw themselves flat on the ground to let them\npass over. Those near the extremities of the lines would\nrun outward, right or left, to gain the enemy's flanks .\nWhoever has been in war and obser•v ed the events of a\nfight, knows that one begins to be exposed to dangers\nfrom musltetry at the distance of three hundred yard!\nfrom the enemy. Those dangers go increasing up to &\nhundred or a hundred and fifty paces, when they de­crectse,\nand become trifling when at the moment of grap­pling\nwith the enemy. This is very easily accounted for.\nIf the enemy commences firing at four or five hundred\npaces, as it is the general practice, the fire has lost of\nits intensity when you are at no more than n. hundre~\nnnd fifty paces from ~is line; the approach of the assail­ants\nshakes the morale,· there is a flutter and hurry in\nloading and aiming, and, the nearer the enemy is, the\nworse is the aiming. If the assailants have preserved\ntheir fire, they have, when coming to close quarters, a\ngreo.t advantage, which must overthrow every thing. You\nmust, therefore, cause the advancing mass not to fire, but\nadvance with the greatest rapidity consistent with the pre­-\nservation of order. Such is the purpose to keep in view\nand the best means for securing victory.\nIf the business before us is to pursue a conquered\nenemy, it will not be either by fires, in advancing, de­livered\nby lines, that we will inflict upon him any severe\n•\n•
Blood group and protein polymorphism gene frequencies for the Andalusian horse breed: A comparison with four American horse breeds

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Se presentan las frecuencias génicas de diecisiete loci de grupos sanguíneos y polimorfismos bioquímicos en el caballo Andaluz. Se emplearon métodos estándar de electroforesis en geles de almidón y poliacrilamida para identificar las variantes hereditarias de los siguientes loci proteicos: albúmina (Al), transferrina (Tf), carboxilesterasa (Es), A1B glucoproteína (Xk), proteína de unión a la vitamina D (Gc), inhibidor de proteasas (Pi), 6- fosfogluconato deshidrogenasa (PGD), fosfoglucomutasa (PGM), glucosa-fosfato isomerasa (GPI). Para la hemoglobina (Hb) se utilizó isoelectroenfoque en gel de poliacrilamida. Se emplearon hemólisis mediada por el complemento y hemaglutinación estándar para detectar aloantígenos de grupos sanguíneos de los siguientes loci: A, C, D, K, P, Q y U. Estos datos se utilizan para calcular la eficacia de la batería de tests para reconocer paternidades incorrectas (Pex) en esta raza y para calcular la medidas de identidad genética normalizada (I) y distancia genética estándar de Nei entre dos poblaciones (Nei, 1972), aplicadas a estudios de parentesco entre las razas de caballo Andaluz y Paso Fino, Paso Peruano, Morgan y Cuarto de milla (los valores de frecuencias génicas de grupos sanguíneos y polimorfismos bioquímicos de las razas Paso Fino, Paso Peruano, Morgan y Cuarto de milla proceden de Trommershausen- Bowling y Clark, 1985).
Partial purification of glycoproteins from heads of adults of the silkworm, Bombyx mori (Lepidoptera:Bombycidae) and their physiological activity.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

カイコガ成虫頭部より糖蛋白質を抽出・部分精製し,その生理活性について調査した。ConA-Sepharose 4Bを用いたアフィニティークロマトグラフィーで,120gの成虫頭部より43mgの糖蛋白質を得た。おもな糖蛋白質の分子量は15,000, 30,000, 50,000であった。この糖蛋白質分画には,既知の昆虫神経ペプチドホルモン(前胸腺刺激ホルモン,羽化ホルモン,休眠ホルモン)活性は認められなかった。遊離腹部の卵巣発育に及ぼす糖蛋白質分画の影響を調べたが,この分画には生殖腺刺激ホルモン活性はみられなかった:卵巣発育は20-ハイドロオキシエクダイソンの投与時のみ認められた。
Development of an early detection program for individuals with a family history of Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease is an inherited disorder characterized by the development of clusters of fluid-filled sacs primarily in the kidneys, causing enlargement of the organs and possible impairment of their normal functions. This study aims to develop an early detection program for individuals with a family history of Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease based on the underlying pathophysiology and the various diagnostic approaches of Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease to facilitate efficient management and treatment of the disease. condition. The findings clarify the complex nature of this clinical scenario and highlight the significant obstacles that medical professionals encounter in establishing a conclusive diagnosis, thus shedding light on this healthcare dilemma within the scientific community. The pathophysiology of the disease has been determined to be closely related to genetic mutations in the PKD1 and PKD2 genes, which ultimately leads to structural and functional deterioration of the kidneys; in particular, the use of ultrasound images, which incorporate established criteria in the diagnostic process.
Segmental glomerulonephritis.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The renal biopsy findings in 40 patients with segmental glomerulonephritis are reported. The term is used to describe a condition in which one or more segments of the glomerular tuft is involved by disease when other segments appear unaffected on light microscopy. The word 'focal' is not used as it may be taken to imply that the changes affect some glomeruli but not others and the evidence for this is not convincing. Segmental glomerulonephritis was a relatively common finding in cases of proteinuria with or without the nephrotic syndrome. The severity of the glomerular changes did not correlate with the ultimate prognosis. On the other hand the tubular and interstitial changes, as assessed by a grading procedure and by point counting, were significantly less severe in those patients who showed clinical recovery than in those who did not.
Abstract 69: The Effect of Patching in Carotid Endarterectomy (CEA) on Reducing The Risk of Restenosis and Stroke in the Carotid Revascularization Endarterectomy Versus Stenting Trial (CREST)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: To compare the perioperative risk of any stroke, death and MI and the long-term risk of re-stenosis and stroke following CEA with patching (a prosthetic or vein patch sutured to the arterial opening to widen the closure) versus CEA with primary closure in CREST. Methods: We included patients who were randomized and underwent CEA in CREST. We compared peri-procedural and 4-year event rates and 2-year restenosis rates, in addition to rates of reoperation between the two groups. Re-stenosis was defined as elevated peak systolic velocity ≥3.0 m/s on carotid duplex US. Treatment differences were assessed using proportional hazard models adjusting for age, sex, and symptomatic status. Results: There were 1,148 patients who underwent CEA (755 {66%} patch; 328 {29%} primary closure). We excluded 43 patients who underwent eversion CEA and 24 patients missing CEA data (5%). There was no significant difference between the two groups with respect to age, sex, race and comorbidities (Table 1). There were significant reductions in the risk of any periprocedural stroke and death (HR 0.35, 95% CI 0.15-0.82, P<0.02), in re-operation (OR 0.33, 95% CI 0.14-0.80, P<0.01), in the 4-year risk of stroke (HR 0.52, 95% CI 0.28-0.97, P<0.04) and in the 2-year risk of re-stenosis (HR 0.26, 95% CI 0.14-0.45, P<0.0001) in the patch compared to the primary closure group (Table 2). Conclusion: Patch closure should be considered for all CEAs because of the association of patch closure with reductions in risk of periprocedural stroke and death, re-operation, and long-term clinical and anatomic durability.
Decrease of Rat Liver Cysteine Dioxygenase (Cysteine Oxidase) Activity Mediated by Glucagon

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The hepatic cysteine dioxygenase activity of rats was markedly decreased by the intraperitoneal administration of glucagon. The enzyme activity was also decreased by either dibutyryl cyclic AMP or theophylline. The prior administration of actinomycin D completely blocked the glucagon-mediated decrease of enzyme activity, while administrations of this inhibitor of protein synthesis after glucagon injection did not block the decrease of enzyme activity. A single administration of actinomycin D resulted in a slight increase of cysteine dioxygenase activity in the rat liver. On the other hand, the injection of cycloheximide resulted in a rapid decrease of the hepatic cysteine dioxygenase with a half-life of 2.5 h. The half-life of the enzyme in rat liver after glucagon administration was one hour. The administration of hydrocortisone or insulin had no effect on the glucagon-mediated decrease of cysteine dioxygenase of rat liver. The enzyme activity of alloxan diabetic rat liver was almost the same as that of the intact rat liver. The evidence obtained here suggests that enhancement of degradation or inactivation of cysteine dioxygenase is responsible for the glucagon-mediated decrease of the enzyme activity in rat liver.
A Risk Assessment Tool Using a CMMI Quantitative Approach

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

 Abstract—A notable purpose of offshoring is to gain competitive advantages in software development business. While offshoring offers great opportunities, it also creates a new trend of threats in software development due to differences in culture, languages, time zones, and development processes deployed. Maximizing the profits of the offshoring relies on strong remote project management skills including remote risk analysis. It is important that potential risks should be detected promptly and there should be quantitative indicators that can help to precisely monitor risks in a remote manner. In that view, we present an offshoring risk assessment tool which uses our formally defined CMMI quantitative approach. This tool is implemented on IBM JAZZ platform to enable quantitative risk monitoring and assessment for application life cycle support.
Desert dune dynamics and the evaluation of shear velocity: an integrated approach

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Few empirical measurements have been undertaken of shear velocity, sand transport or dune morphology in the upwind basal regions of dunes. This study compares field measurements in this region from a barchan dune in Oman with calculations from a complex flow model using linearised equations (FLOWSTAR) and measurements in a wind tunnel. The calculations of shear velocity from wind velocity observations in the field and those predicted by the FLOWSTAR model reflect the observations of previous studies in exhibiting the widely reported upwind reduction in shear velocity. Despite these observations, measurements of sand transport did not reduce at the base of the dune. The implications of these findings for the predictive power of typical saltation flux equations and the dynamics of the dune itself are discussed. Wind tunnel modelling using a pulse wire probe suggests that the conventional methods of shear velocity derivation are inadequate. The pulse wire measurements exhibited no reduction in shear at the toe. An argument is presented to explain the maintenance of shear velocity in this position. It is suggested that the reduction in shear stress due to the fall in wind velocity is counteracted by an increase in shear stress due to streamline curvature. The adequacy of field methods for determining shear velocity in this respect is considered.
Industry 4.0 design project based on exposure situations: A case study in aeronautics

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

BACKGROUND: Industry 4.0 generates risks renewing stakes for design projects integrating work activities, as can be done in activity centred ergonomics and participatory ergonomics. OBJECTIVE: This article aims to show the contribution of using typical situations to define requirements for Industry 4.0 design projects from a case study supporting a design project for a plant of the future assembling additive metal manufacturing processes (SLM type) in aeronautics. METHOD: The method is based on construction of the approach, the identification of typical exposure or action situations (through video and measurement) on four different company sites, three collective confrontation interviews (using typical situations) similar to reflexive and constructive simulations, and the setting of requirements. RESULTS: Results highlights specific exposure situations during the work, which the collective confrontation interviews made it possible to understand, enabling to collectively debate organisational, technical or social determinants, in order to define requirements from the point of view of the work, within the framework of the design project. CONCLUSION: Discussion of exposure situation allows an initial framework to discuss way to implement the work differently as a first step to transform the current situations during the design process. The observation of the possible use of requirements in project management can then be carried out. This exploratory work makes it possible to observe the contribution of the use of typical exposure situations as a complement to typical action situations in order to specify exposure situations and identify transformation perspectives.
Investigation of polyurethane (urea)/modified nano‐calcium carbonate hybrid aqueous dispersions and their films

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract This investigation was focused on properties of polyurethane (urea) (PUU) by incorporating silica sol‐modified nano‐calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ). The FT‐IR spectroscopy and ζ potential measurement indicated the presence of a hybrid effect due to the hydrogen bonding between the nano particles and the polymer matrix. For these hybrid aqueous dispersions, the particle size decreased as the modified nano‐CaCO 3 content increased, and the polydispersity index was very narrow (<1.20). Films prepared with the hybrid PUU aqueous dispersions exhibited excellent waterproof performance: the amount of water absorption was as low as 9.0 wt %, and the contact angle of water on the surface of this kind of film was as high as 93°C. TGA results indicated the high thermal stability of hybrid PUU polymers (223–255°C). The properties like tensile strength, hardness, and elongation at break were influenced by the modified nano‐CaCO 3 content in the polymers. The hybrid PUU with 15 wt % modified nano‐CaCO 3 content showed the optimum properties. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012