jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Reply on RC3

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract. Satellite remote sensing of PM2.5 mass concentration has become one of the most popular atmospheric research aspects, resulting in the development of different models. Among them, the semi-empirical physical approach constructs the transformation relationship between the aerosol optical depth (AOD) and PM2.5 based on the optical properties of particles, which has strong physical significance. Also, it performs the PM2.5 retrieval independently of the ground stations. However, due to the complex physical relationship, the physical parameters in the semi-empirical approach are difficult to calculate accurately, resulting in relatively limited accuracy. To achieve the optimization effect, this study proposes a method of embedding machine learning into a semi-physical empirical model (RF-PMRS). Specifically, based on the theory of the physical PM2.5 remote sensing approach (PMRS), the complex parameter (VEf, a columnar volume-to-extinction ratio of fine particles) is simulated by the random forest model (RF). Also, a fine mode fraction product with higher quality is applied to make up for the insufficient coverage of satellite products. Experiments in North China show that the surface PM2.5 concentration derived by RF-PMRS has an average annual value of 57.92 μg/m3 versus the ground value of 60.23 μg/m3. Compared with the original method, RMSE decreases by 39.95 μg/m3, and the relative deviation reduces by 44.87%. Moreover, validation at two AERONET sites presents a trend closer to the true values, with an R of about 0.80. This study is also a preliminary attempt to combine model-driven and data-driven models, laying a foundation for further atmospheric research on optimization methods.
Activity of Mecillinam and Clavulanic Acid on ESBL Producing and Non- ESBL Producing Escherichia Coli Isolated From UTI Cases

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Mecillinam is one of the very few oral antibacterial agents used against extended spectrum ?- lactamase (ESBL) producing Escherichia coli (E. coli) causing urinary tract infection (UTI)). It is reported that, resistance to mecillinam can be reversed to some extent by adding beta lactamase inhibitor like clavulanic acid. The present study was aimed to determine in-vitro activity of mecillinam and mecillinam-clavulanic acid combination on the susceptibility of ESBL producing and non-ESBL producing E. coli. Total 124 E. coli (78 ESBL positive and 46 ESBL negative) isolates from urine samples of patients with UTI were included in the study. Organisms were isolated from patients attending BIRDEM General Hospital from July 2012 to December 2012. ESBL production was tested by double disc synergy test. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of mecillinam and clavulanic acid against E. coli was determined by agar dilution method. Of the total E. coli isolates, 62.9% was ESBL positive and 37.1% was negative for ESBL. Out of ESBL positive isolates, 75.6% was sensitive to mecillinam while ESBL negative isolates showed the sensitivity as 67.4%. The sensitivity to mecillinam of ESBL positive and negative isolates increased to 85.9% and 86.9% respectively by addition of clavulanic acid with mecillinam. The MIC values of intermediate and resistant isolates converted to sensitive MIC range after addition of clavulanic acid with mecillinam. Conversion of resistance of ESBL producing isolates by adding clavulanic acid was also evident by the reduction of MIC50 and MIC90 from 4?g/ml to ?1 ?g/ml and from 128 ?g/ ml to 64 ?g/ml respectively. Similar trend of reduction of MICs was also observed in non-ESBLs. In conclusion, both ESBL positive and negative E. coli demonstrated considerable sensitivity to mecillinam and the sensitivity increased significantly (p<0.05) by adding clavulanic acid with mecillinam.Ibrahim Med. Coll. J. 2014; 8(2): 56-60
Tailoring iridium–palladium nanoparticles with Ir-rich skin: a highly durable anode electrocatalyst for acidic water electrolysis via a facile microwave-assisted chemical reduction method

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Iridium palladium alloy nanoparticle catalyst with iridium rich skin demonstrates high and robust oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity plus ability for hydrogen adsorption and desorption under acidic environment.
Effect of Agariemycetes Supplementation on Egg Quality and Fecal Noxious Gas Concentration in Laying Hens

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

본 연구는 산란계에 Agariemycetes 첨가 급여에 따른 계란 품질 및 분내 유해 가스 농도에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 시험을 실시하였다. 사양 시험은 55주령 ISA Brown 240수를 공시하였으며, 사료에 대한 7일간의 적응 기간 후 6주간 사양 시험을 실시하였다. 시험 설계는 1) CON(basal diet), 2) A1(basal diet + Agariemycetes 0.1%), 3) A3(basal diet + Agariemycetes 0.3%) 및 4) A5(basal diet + Agariemycetes 0.5%)로 4개 처리를 하여 처리당 5반복, 반복당 12수씩 완전 임의 배치하였다. 산란율과 난중은 시험 기간 동안 처리구간 유의적인 차이를 나타나지 않았다. 난각 강도에 있어서는 2주차에 A3와 A5 처리구가 CON구와 비교하여 유의적으로 높게 나타났고(P<0.05), 6주차에 A5 처리구가 CON구보다 유의적으로 높게 나타났다(P<0.05). 난각 두께에 있어서는 2주차에는 생균제 첨가 처리구가 CON구와 비교하여 유의적으로 높게 나타났으며(P<0.05), 4주차에는 A5 처리구가 다른 처리구들과 비교하여 유의적으로 높게 나타났다(P<0.05). 난황색은 2주차에 A5처리구가 CON 구와 비교하여 유의적으로 높았으며(P<0.05), 4주차에는 A3 처리구가 CON 구와 비교하여 유의적으로 낮았다(P<0.05). Haugh unit에 있어서는 2주차에 A3 처리구가 CON 구와 비교하여 유의적으로 높았으며(P<0.05), 6주차에는 모든 Agariemycetes 처리구가 CON구에 비해 유의적으로 높게 나타났다(P<0.05). Ammonia 함량에 있어서는 Agariemycetes 첨가구가 다른 처리구들과 비교하여 유의적으로 낮게 나타났다(P<0.05). $H_2S$ 함량은 Agariemycetes 첨가구가 CON구과 비교하여 유의적으로 낮게 나타났다(P<0.05). Mercaptans 함량에서는 CON구와 A5 처리구가 A3 처리구보다 유의적으로높게 나타났다(P<0.05). This study was conducted to evaluate effects of dietary Agariemycetes on egg quality and fecal noxious gas concentration in laying hens. A total of two hundred forty laying hens were randomly allocated to four treatments with five replicates of twelve chicks per pen. The experiment lasted 42 days with a 7-day adjustment period. Dietary treatments were as follows: 1) CON (basal diet), 2) A1 (basal diet + Agariemycetes 0.1%), 3) A3 (basal diet + Agariemycetes 0.3%) and 4) A5 (basal diet + Agariemycetes 0.5%). There was no significant difference in egg production and egg weight between CON and Agariemycetes treatments. During the second week of the experiment, eggshell breaking strength was higher in A3 and A5 treatments than that in CON treatment (P<0.05). Besides, eggshell breaking strength in P5 treatment was higher when compared with that in CON treatment (P<0.05) in the sixth week. During the second week of the experiment, eggshell thickness was higher in Agariemycetes treatments than CON treatment (P<0.05). Also, A5 treatment was higher than other treatments in the fourth week of the experiment (P<0.05). At the end of the second week, yolk color unit in A5 treatment was lower compared with CON treatment (P<0.05). During the fourth week of the experiment, CON treatment was higher than A3 treatment (P<0.05). During the second week of the experiment, Haugh unit in A3 treatment was greater than that in CON treatment (P<0.05). At the end of six weeks, Haugh unit in CON treatment was lower than other treatments (P<0.05). Fecal ammonia and hydrogen sulfide were increased in Agariemycetes treatments when compared with CON treatment (P<0.05). Compared with CON and A5 treatments, fecal mercaptans was higher than in other treatments in first of the experiment (P<0.05). In conclusion, this study indicated that the addition of Agariemycetes in the diet improved the egg quality and decreased the feacal noxious gas concentration in laying hens.
SUSTAINING OR SURVIVING? AN EXPLORATORY CASE STUDY ON COVID-19’S IMPACT TOWARDS HOTEL BUSINESSES

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Purpose – The aim of this research is to develop a sustainable model for local hospitality businesses in Chiang Mai to mitigate risk during the Covid 19 crisis and become resilient when the situation improves. This research study seeks to explore whether local hospitality businesses in Chiang Mai are taking a sustainable or survival approach in response to the pandemic situation that is occurring worldwide. Design – This is a mixed methods research guided by three research questions to support the aim of the study. Methodology – Five hotels in the province Chiang Mai were selected for the survey and the results were subjected to data triangulation to obtain ideas for a sustainable model. The 400 questionnaires were distributed to 85 hotels including 8 hotels rated 5 stars, 47 hotels rated 4 stars and 30 hotels rated 3 stars in the province Chiang Mai. Approach –Data triangulation was used to test the three questions to ensure the validity of the study: the results of research question number one were compared separately with the results of research question number two and number three; the results of research question number two were compared with the results of research question number three. Findings –Hotels can be viable in the long run if the government creates environmental conditions that support a healthy and intelligent organization to take proactive measures to take care of the welfare of the employees and residents. The overall survival adjustment in the COVID -19 pandemic critical conditions of hotels in the province Chiang Mai was high at 3.96. The correlation coefficient of the cause variables was market adjustment (X1), sustainability adjustment (X2) and learning adjustment (X3) have a positive correlation with the survival of hotels in the province Chiang Mai during the pandemic COVID -19. The survival of hotels in the province Chiang Mai amid the COVID -19 pandemic can be predicted by the underlying event such as learning adjustment (X3) and marketing adjustment (X1), which has an accuracy of 52.70 % and statistical significance at the 0.01 level. Originality of Research – The paper captures the current situation of how Covid-19 has caused a major disruption to hotel businesses in Chiang Mai, Thailand.
DEATH AND POST-DEATH IN THE POETRY OF AHMED ARIF

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The great Turkish poet Ahmed Arif is considered one of the important poets in Turkish literature in the 20th century. He was born in Diyar Bakr on 23rd of April 1923 and died on 2nd of June 1991 in Ankara. Through his life that lasted for 68 years, he published one book about poetry. It was considered the best book to be published in Turkey which makes him different from any other poet. Death as a fact and part of our nature is considered the end of life. The separation of the soul from the body is inevitable. It is impossible that a man can be born again after his death. Hence, there was a great discussion about the nature of our life and the existence of death throughout the whole history of human beings. Specifically, the scientists, philosophers, and thinkers, made scientific activities over humanity and death and what would happen after it. The poets are among the groups who express their opinion concerning this subject arousing different new point of views in their comments and thoughts. The nature of the poem is to think differently and explain it differently too resorting to symbolic language. Hence, the exposition of the beliefs difficult to be understood through poetry and literature create a genuine overflow of thoughts. Ahmed Arif is one of the well-known poets by his valuable thoughts in this subject. I decide to introduce a detailed explanation about life of the great Turkish poet Ahmed Arif as well as his literary orientation and poem. Among his poems, we introduce some information about death and life after death through which I browse all the poems by Ahmed Arif who is considered one of the important poets in Turkish literature in the 20th century. Key words: Ahmed Arif, Turkish Literature, Death, Death and Beyond.
THE NEUROMOTOR APPARATUS OF CHLAMYDODON SP.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A description of Chlamydodon, probably a variation of the species mnemosyne, found in brackish water at Woods Hole, is presented.There is a complex neuromotor apparatus, including a coördinating center, and systems of fibers connected with cilia, the mouth opening, the phryngeal basket, and the "railroad track."The connection of the fibers with the organelles and the central mass, or motorium, the behavior of the animal after the destruction of the motorium, seem to suggest a coördinating function for the system.
Incentive compatible core and competitive equilibria in differential information economies

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

If the allocations of a differential information economy are defined as incentive compatible state-contingent lotteries over consumption goods, competitive equilibrium allocations exist and belong to the (ex ante incentive) core. Furthermore, any competitive equilibrium allocation can be viewed as an element of the core of the n-fold replicated economy, for every n. The converse holds under the further assumption of independent private values but not in general, as shown by a counter-example.
Qveen Ann's Indian chapel of the Onondawgvs

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Journal Article Qveen Ann's Indian chapel of the Onondawgvs Get access Q. Y. Z. Q. Y. Z. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume s5-I, Issue 13, 28 March 1874, Pages 248–249, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/s5-I.13.248j Published: 28 March 1874
The main effect model versus buffering model of shop steward social support: A study of rank‐and‐file auto workers in the U.S.A

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Social support has long been considered an important factor in influencing the experience of stress and strain at work (e.g. Cohen and Wills, 1985). Yet the effect of union support on stress and strain has been largely neglected. In the present study we explored the role of social support provided by shop stewards as both a predictor of various indicators of strain experienced by their constituents as well as a buffer of stress–strain relations. These hypothesized relations were evaluated using data provided by rank‐and‐file members ( N = 112) of a large local union associated with the automotive industry located in the midwestern region of the U.S.A. The results were not generally supportive of the main‐effect model of steward support, but were consistent with the buffering model.
Urban Music and the Complex Identities of “New Nationals” in Scandinavia

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This chapter contributes to the emerging literature on musicians of immigrant parentage in Scandinavia, analyzing significant moments in the careers of four artists: Adam Tensta in Sweden, Karpe Diem in Norway, and Natasja and Outlandish in Denmark. They have all confronted whiteness as a hegemonic dimension of national identity, with implications for racial coding of genres. Immigrant populations of color have gained a significant presence in African American genres and have advocated for transcultural or multicultural conceptions of nationhood. This chapter analyzes significant political moments in the careers of the four artists and how they interact with local Scandinavian histories of freedom and democracy. The idea of New Nationals is adopted in the interpretation of these new and more multicultural conceptions of nationhood across Scandinavia.
Resilience and Intergenerational Fairness in Collective Defined Contribution Pension Funds

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

A pension system is resilient if it able to absorb external (temporal) shocks and if it is able to adapt to (longterm) shifts of the socio-economic environment. Defined benefit (DB) and defined contribution pension plans behave contrastingly with respect to capital market shocks and shifts: while DB-plan benefits are not affected by external shocks they totally lack adaptability with respect to fundamental changes; DC-plans automatically adjust to a changing environment but any external shock has a direct impact on the (expected) pensions. By adding a collective component to DC-plans one can make these collective DC (CDC)-plans shock absorbing - at least to a certain degree. In our CDC pension model we build a collective reserve of assets that serves as a buffer to capital market shocks, e.g. stock market crashes. The idea is to transfer money from the collective reserve to the individual pension accounts whenever capital markets slump and to feed the collective reserve whenever capital market are booming. This mechanism is particular valuable for age cohorts that are close to retirement. It is clear that withdrawing assets from or adding assets to the collective reserve is essentially a transfer of assets between the age cohorts. In our near reality model we investigate the effect of stock market shocks and interest rate (and mortality) shifts on a CDC- pension system. We are particularly interested in the question, to what extend a CDC-pension system is actually able to absorb shocks and whether the intergenerational transfer of assets via the collective reserve can be regarded as fair.
Long-Term Effects of Pedometer-Based Physical Activity Coaching in Severe COPD: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Dario Kohlbrenner,1 Noriane A Sievi,1 Oliver Senn,2 Malcolm Kohler,1 Christian F Clarenbach1 1Department of Pulmonology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; 2Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, Zurich, SwitzerlandCorrespondence: Christian F ClarenbachDepartment of Pulmonology, University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, Zurich 8091, SwitzerlandTel +41 44 255 17 12Email christian.clarenbach@usz.chBackground and Objective: Limited evidence on long-term effects of physical activity programs in COPD is available. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of a three-month program combining physical activity counselling and pedometer-based feedback in addition to usual care, followed by a nine-month unsupervised observation period as compared to usual care in participants with severe to very severe COPD.Methods: Participants were randomized to either a control group receiving usual care or an intervention group receiving motivational support, an activity diary with an individual step count goal (ie, an increase of ≥ 15% from baseline) and a pedometer in addition to usual care. The intervention ended after three months and an unsupervised observational period followed until twelve months. Primary outcome was daily step count after one year.Results: Seventy-four participants were included, 61 (82%) completed the study. Linear regression modelling, adjusted for baseline step count, showed no significant difference in change in step count after 12 months between the groups (&Bgr; = 547.33, 95% CI = − 243.55/1338.20).Conclusion: A three-month program combining physical activity counselling and pedometer-based feedback in addition to usual care does not attenuate the declining course of physical activity in participants with severe and very severe COPD during a long term follow-up of one year as compared to usual care. This result was primarily determined by the low intervention response rates to the combined program.Clinical Trial Registration: www.ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03114241.Keywords: physical activity, COPD, counselling program, randomized controlled trial, long-term follow-up
Actuation Mechanisms Used in MRI-Compatible Robotic Surgeries: A Review

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

There has been increasing use of robotic surgery over the years, as it has evolved as an improvement over minimally invasive surgery (MIS), where a surgeon can use a tele-manipulator to operate on a patient. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become the leading form of image acquisition due to its ability to produce high resolution images during robotically assisted MIS. However, the MRI scanner places conditions on the robots that allow only certain compatible actuation methods used in the robotic system to negate large interference that hinders the image quality. The current review focused on the four main MRI-compatible actuation mechanisms: hydraulic, pneumatic, piezoelectric, and shape memory alloy. This review mainly discussed signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) reduction, performance, and limitations from the recent publications on MRI-compatible robotic surgeries. Favorable MRI compatibility with low SNR reduction, performance, and simple implementation was observed to be the most important characteristics of a proper actuation mechanism for MRI robotic surgeries. After reviewing each approach, it was concluded that shape memory alloy, despite having a form of limitation, demonstrated to be more favorable compared to other actuation methods because of factors such as low cost, negligible SNR reduction, and high-power output for medical interventions
Optimal Planning of Transit Routes for Large Cities

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

The developed system involves: selection of optimal hubs and delineation of their influence areas; estimation of demand; and generation of optimal paths and service frequencies. Fuzzy clustering and Self-organizing-map methods aggregate the stops into a number of clusters. A hub is located with the objective to minimize the `Total Travel Distance' within a cluster. Optimal set of clusters is one that provides the minimum `Total Passenger Time' for the network. Routing model generates reasonably direct routes with high frequency. Optimal path is selected on the basis of maximum `Desire passenger-km per km'. Number of trips to be operated for a route depends upon the demand served along the route and the passenger flow on various links of the route. To estimate the optimal trips for a route, an iterative heuristic algorithm is adopted in the scheduling model. The devised methodology is successfully implemented for New Delhi, the capital city of India. The total daily transit demand generated at 1542 stops is 7.67 million passengers. A set of fifty optimal hubs is identified and 181 inter hub routes are generated. Eighty-eight of these inter-hub routes, which have very high demand, need to be operated with automated transit vehicles (APM). A total of 305 secondary routes (intra-hub) are also generated. Optimal scheduling is done for all the 486 transit routes. For peak period, a total fleet of 11497 standard size buses is required at the desired level of service.
Apparently Nonfunctioning Metastases of Parathyroid Carcinoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A 41-year-old woman was operated on for severe hyperparathyroid syndrome. At surgery a parathyroid tumor with the histopathologic pattern of carcinoma was found. After surgery serum calcium settled within normal limits (10.5 mg/dl, N.V. 8.5–10.8), whereas parathormone and calcitonin reached progressively high levels, respectively 400 ng/dl (N.V. up to 250) and 500 pg/ml (N.V. up to 100 ng/ml). Serum ultrafiltration analysis for parathormone and calcitonin showed many peaks of immunoreactivity with high molecular weight of both hormones. One year after surgery, metastases developed in the lymph nodes of the neck and the mediastinal, pleural and pancreatic regions. After death for tumor wasting, immunohistochemical study of the tumoral tissue with the peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique showed a relatively high density of calcitonin-containing cells. The findings in this case suggest that: a) several cells in this parathyroid cancer could secrete both parathormone and calcitonin; b) the hormonal secretion was impaired as suggested by the high molecular weight of both hormones found at gel-filtration analysis; c) the macromolecular profile of parathormone could explain the apparent function of the parathyroid cancer.