jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Exploring the unique effects of α-linolenic acid and docosahexaenoic acid on mononuclear immune cell gene expression and function: implications for obesity and atherosclerosis

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Background: Monocytes play a central role in chronic inflammatory conditions such as obesity and atherosclerosis. Marine-derived omega-3 fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) have been shown to beneficially alter immune function and attenuate chronic inflammation in part by altering immune cell gene expression. Comparisons to the plant-derived n-3 PUFA, α-linolenic acid (ALA), on immune cell gene expression and function are limited. Methods: Whole transcriptome analysis using a Clariom D microarray was performed on total mRNA isolated from a human THP-1 monocyte cell line treated with ALA, DHA or vehicle equivalent for 48 hr. Candidate genes (those responding to n-3 PUFA treatment) were identified via fold change and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis, and transcripts were subsequently validated by RT-qPCR. Assays to measure total cholesterol content and migration in response to chemokine (chemotaxis) were then performed on THP-1 monocytes treated with ALA or DHA to evaluate the outcomes of transcriptomic predictions. Candidate mRNA transcripts were examined via RT-qPCR in mononuclear immune cells isolated from a subgroup of clinical trial participants, where women with obesity received 4 g/day DHA or ALA for 4 weeks each. Results & Conclusion: In THP-1 monocytes, transcriptome analysis identified ALA and DHA treatment differentially altered gene expression associated with cholesterol metabolism and chemotaxis. Based on these data, cholesterol content was predicted to be reduced by both fatty acids, while ALA would uniquely increase chemotaxis and DHA would have no effect. Functional assays revealed that ALA and DHA decreased cholesterol content to a similar extent. In contrast to our predictions, DHA significantly decreased chemotaxis, while ALA had no effect. Mononuclear immune cells obtained from a clinical n-3 PUFA supplementation trial displayed similar expression patterns to candidate transcripts identified in fatty acid treated THP-1 monocytes. Taken together, these results demonstrate that ALA and DHA differentially alter gene expression and cellular functions associated with chemotaxis and cholesterol metabolism in mononuclear immune cells. Thus, they may uniquely affect related disease processes contributing to obesity and atherosclerosis.
Screening of Secondary Metabolites Compounds in Stem Bark of Frangipangi (Plumeria alba) and Toxicity Test on Shrimp Larvae (Brine Shrimp Lethality Test)

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Frangipani is a plant belonging to the family Apocynacea and potential for development as anti-cancer drug material. Content of secondary metabolites, anti-cancer compounds from frangipani (Plumeria alba) steam bark, especially it has not been made. This research aims to identify compounds secondary metabolites from frangipani steam bark extract potential for development as anti-cancer drug material. Steps undertaken in this study include: Extraction of secondary metabolites with frangipani stem bark maceration method of storey with n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and ethanol. Each tested extracts obtained using prawn shrimp toxicity A. salina Leach and continued with the testing of secondary metabolites using color reagents. fraction extract has potential as an anti-cancer drugs is purified using gravity column chromatography technique with elusi gradient technique using a solvent mixture n-hexane:ethyl acetate hen conducted toxicity tests followed by identification using GC-MS Extraction results obtained by the four extracts namely: n-hexane extract (E1) is positive flavonoid groups, chloroform extract (E2), ethyl acetate extract (E3) and ethanol extract (E4) is positive for secondary metabolite groups flavonoid and alkaloid. Toxicity test results obtained LC50 values respectively participated: 973. 7 ppm (E1), 451.35 ppm (E2), 112.557 ppm(E3), and 637.50 ppm(E4). Keywords: Plumeria alba, secondary metabolite, toxicity test, and A. salina Leach
Strategic operational analysis based on balanced scorecard in present-day global economic environment

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The balanced scorecard (BSC) is one of well-trialled management instruments that are familiar to all market participants in the world. This fact allows for efficient utilization of BSC in conditions of globalization. The paper considers theoretical aspects of the applied strategic operational analysis (ASOA) based on the operational element of BSC to be applied in the research process of the strategic organization operational activity aspects and its production management. The methodology of the research is the BSC concept as well as the concept of the applied strategic analysis concept having been developed by the author. ASOA is depicted to encompass comparative assessment, variances diagnostics and indicators forecast of the operational BSC element within the strategic operational goals Due goods delivery, manufacturing cost and products quality compliance with customer’s demand are to be analyzed. The results can be applied for managerial decisions development in the field of an operational organization activity. The author draws a conclusion is drawn that ASOA is a new and sufficiently effective tool to research strategic aspects of the organization operational activity and to form an analytical support for the strategic operational management in the present-day global economic environment, especially to ensure economic sustainability in emerging markets.
Evaluation of Different Learning Algorithms of Neural Networks for Drug Dosing Recommendations in Pediatrics

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Publicly accessible databases with evidence-based information on drug dosages for children and adolescents are not available in Germany. In previous work a prototypical web-based online platform for pediatric dosing recommendation has been developed. Quality assured maintenance of such a database is a time consuming effort. Recent work has shown that it is possible to use routinely documented data for machine learning approaches in order to create models for future decision support tools. This work describes the development of a prototype for pediatric dosing recommendations on the basis of routine drug prescriptions. Since they are structured for daily clinical use, not for machine learning, they include a substantial proportion of narrative text that requires preprocessing with consideration of medical and pharmaceutical knowledge. Three different learning algorithms have been applied and compared. The genetic algorithm with backpropagation has achieved the highest accuracy in the predictions. Our study constitutes a first step towards pediatric dosing recommendations, but there are multiple additional steps to be taken before a routine use might be considered, such as an evaluation by experienced physicians.
Unveiling the Epidemiological Trends of Naegleria Fowleri: A Retrospective Case Series Analysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

CONTEXT: Naegleria fowleri, often termed the “brain-eating amoeba,” is a free-living amoeba responsible for causing primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM), a rare but devastating infection of the CNS. N. fowleri invades the CNS by crossing the nasal mucosa during contact with contaminated water. PAM progresses rapidly, causing extensive inflammation, necrosis, and edema, which typically results in death within 7 to 10 days post-exposure. OBJECTIVE: Determine the epidemiological trends for patients infected with N. Fowleri. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: Retrospective case series. Population Studied – The Vizient® Clinical Data Base was queried for inpatient discharges between January 2016 and February 2024 with an ICD-10-CM diagnosis code for naegleriasis (B60.2). OUTCOME MEASURES: Number of cases, LOS, mortality rate. RESULTS: This retrospective case series involved 22 patients with an average age of 37 (3.3 to 79.6 years); 27% were 17 or younger, 41% were 18 to 50, and 32% were 51 to 79. Most patients were male (77%) and white (73%), with 27% being black or of other races. 50% of patients had a central line, 23% were intubated, and 50% had an EVD. The average LOS was 12.5 days, and the average ICU duration was five days. Antimicrobial therapy was a common intervention, with amphotericin-B (77.8%), Fluconazole (77.8%), Rifampin (50%), and Azithromycin (77.8%) being the most frequently used medications. Eleven (48%) patients expired, and 43% were discharged home or to a post-acute facility. For patients who expired, the average days to expiration was six days. CONCLUSIONS: Our retrospective analysis underscores the critical nature of N. fowleri infections, reporting a broader age spectrum of affected individuals than traditionally reported. With a significant portion of the cases found in adults up to 79, our study challenges the prevailing understanding that primarily younger populations are at risk, e.g., the CDC reports a median age of 11. The in-hospital mortality rate of 50% observed in our cohort, while still high, signals a potential improvement compared to the near-universal fatality rate historically associated with this condition. This improvement might reflect enhanced clinical awareness, more rapid diagnostic testing, and the introduction of novel therapeutic approaches. Our findings suggest the need for ongoing research into risk factors, diagnostic strategies, and treatment modalities to better understand and combat this lethal disease.
Financial Liberalisation and the Effectiveness of Monetary Policy on House Prices in South Africa

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper investigates the effectiveness of monetary policy on house prices in South \nAfrica, before and after financial liberalisation, with financial liberalisation being \nidentified with the recommendations of the De Kock Commission (1985). Using both \nimpulse response and variance decomposition analysis performed on SVARs, we find \nthat, irrespective of house sizes, during the period of financial liberalisation, interest rate \nshocks had relatively stronger effects on house price inflation. However, given that the \nsize of these effects were nearly negligible, the result seems to indicate that house prices \nare exogenous, and, at least, are not driven by monetary policy shocks.
Identification of Metabolism and Excretion Differences of Procymidone between Rats and Humans Using Chimeric Mice: Implications for Differential Developmental Toxicity

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

A metabolite of procymidone, hydroxylated-PCM, causes rat-specific developmental toxicity due to higher exposure to it in rats than in rabbits or monkeys. When procymidone was administered to chimeric mice with rat or human hepatocytes, the plasma level of hydroxylated-PCM was higher than that of procymidone in rat chimeric mice, and the metabolic profile of procymidone in intact rats was well reproduced in rat chimeric mice. In human chimeric mice, the plasma level of hydroxylated-PCM was less, resulting in a much lower exposure. The main excretion route of hydroxylated-PCM-glucuronide was bile (the point that hydroxylated-PCM enters the enterohepatic circulation) in rat chimeric mice, and urine in human chimeric mice. These data suggest that humans, in contrast to rats, extensively form the glucuronide and excrete it in urine, as do rabbits and monkeys. Overall, procymidone's potential for causing teratogenicity in humans must be low compared to that in rats.
What is of interest in Endodontology? A bibliometric review of research published in the International Endodontic Journal and the Journal of Endodontics from 1980 to 2019

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Abstract Aim To report the most common terminology used in titles of scientific papers published in the International Endodontic Journal (IEJ) and Journal of Endodontics (JOE) between 1980 and 2019 and to identify the most‐cited papers in these journals. Methodology The Web of Science database was searched to retrieve all the manuscripts published in the IEJ and JOE between 1980 and 2019. The articles were analysed using the VOS viewer software and the terms within the titles extracted. The top‐10 terms were categorized according to the number of occurrences and the decade of publication. Maps were created using the text data for each decade of publication. Classic papers were identified when the number of citations was >400. During the same period of time, highly cited studies were identified including the authors, institutions and countries associated with these papers. Results Terms such as canal, molar and periapical lesion were the most commonly used in titles between 1980 and 1999. The terms instruments, expression, case report and cell were the most often terms used between 2000 and 2019. During the last 10 years, an increase in the number of reviews and papers on cone beam computed tomography occurred. The organizations with the largest number of citations in each decade were University of São Paulo, University College London, Loma Linda University and United States Army. The country with the largest number of citations and greatest number of top 10 and top 100 manuscripts was the United States. A paper had to be associated with more than 167 citations to be included in the top‐100 most‐cited list; at least 14 papers met the criteria to be categorized as a citation classic (>400 citations). Conclusion While many diverse areas of endodontics have been explored in the last 40 years within the IEJ and JOE , only a relatively few topics are highly cited and can be considered as classics.
Chlamydia pneumoniae strain TWAR antibody and angiographically demonstrated coronary artery disease.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A recent case-control study from Finland reported a strong association between high antibody titers to Chlamydia pneumoniae, strain TWAR, and both chronic coronary heart disease and acute myocardial infarction. The current case-control study investigated the relation between C. pneumoniae immunoglobulin G antibody titers and angiographically diagnosed coronary artery disease. Cases (n = 461) were angiography patients with at least one coronary artery lesion occupying at least 50% of the luminal diameter. Controls (n = 95) were angiography patients with no demonstrable coronary artery disease. After standardization for age and gender, the geometric mean antibody titer was higher for cases than for controls (30.0 versus 24.0, p = 0.04). The estimated risk of coronary artery disease, adjusted for age and gender, was greater among subjects with high (greater than or equal to 1:64) antibody titers than among subjects with low (less than or equal to 1:8) antibody titers (relative risk, 2.0; 95% confidence interval, 1.0-4.0). The risk associated with a high antibody titer was particularly great for coronary artery disease with five or more lesions (relative risk, 2.8; 95% confidence interval, 1.2-7.0). The results of this cross-sectional study support an association between infection with C. pneumoniae and coronary artery disease.
Conceptual design of a telecommunications equipment container for humanitarian logistics

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Preparedness addresses the strategy in disaster management that allows the implementation of successful operational response immediately after a disaster. With speed as the main driver, product design for humanitarian aid purposes is a key factor of success in situations of high uncertainty and urgency. Within this context, a telecommunications container (TC) has been designed that belongs to a group of containers that serve the purpose of immediate response to global disasters. The TC includes all the necessary equipment to establish a telecommunication centre in the destroyed area within the first 72 hours of humanitarian operations. The design focuses on defining the topology of the various parts of equipment by taking into consideration factors of serviceability, functionality, human-product interaction, universal design language, energy consumption, sustainability and the interrelationship with the other containers. The concept parametric design has been implemented with SolidWorks CAD system.
Head Trauma Rehabilitation: Program Evaluation

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Thirty-five patients admitted to a head trauma unit with a diagnosis of traumatic head injury were evaluated from admission to discharge for functional and cognitive outcomes. Long-term outcomes after discharge to home from the rehabilitation hospital were also investigated. Significant functional and cognitive gains were made by patients at the time of discharge. Eighty-nine percent of the patients were discharged home. The length of coma significantly correlated with the length of rehabilitation days but did not correlate with either functional or cognitive improvement. The majority of the patients discharged were independent in their daily activities and did not require medical or nursing care more than every three months. However, problems seemed to exist in jobs, at school, with finances, and in relationships with friends.
The dication of 1,4,5,8-tetrakis(dimethylamino)naphthalene: properties, crystal structure and a comparison with the dication of 1,4-bis(dimethylamino)benzene

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The dication salt 4·(I3–)2 of 1,4,5,8-tetrakis(dimethylamino)naphthalene 3 is isolated and its molecular structure established by X-ray crystallographic analysis; spectral data of 4 are compared with those of the dication 2 of 1,4-bis(dimethylamino)benzene, determined in the presence of an oxidant, i.e. Br2, Ag+.
Type III Secretion Mediated Translocation of Effector Exoenzymes by Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Intracellular targeting of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa toxins exoenzyme S (ExoS) and exoenzyme T (ExoT) initially results in disruption of the actin microfilament structure of eukaryotic cells. ExoS and ExoT are bifunctional cytotoxins, with N-terminal GTPase-activating protein (GAP) and C-terminal ADP-ribosyltransferase activities. We show that ExoS can modify multiple GTPases of the Ras superfamily in vivo. In contrast, ExoT shows no ADP-ribosylation activity towards any of the GTPases tested in vivo. We further examined ExoS targets in vivo and observed that ExoS modulates the activity of several of these small GTP-binding proteins, such as Ras, Rap1, Rap2, Ral, Rac1, RhoA and Cdc42. We suggest that ExoS is the major ADP-ribosyltransferase protein modulating small GTPase function encoded by P. aeruginosa. Furthermore, we show that the GAP activity of ExoS abrogates the activation of RhoA, Cdc42 and Rap1.
Epistemologies of Division in Arab Media Scholarship

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This article discusses epistemologies of division in Arab media scholarship as a topical case study, given the role of media as a convergence of ideology, values, politics, and market mechanisms. It specifically addresses these questions: How does the colonial structure of academia seek to alienate Global Majority communities from one another? What is the intimate impact of this structure on the lives of academics under these epistemologies of division? And to what extent do non-Western media scholars reinforce this alienated image through internalized Orientalism? Methodologically, the article is based on an autoethnographic approach where I reflect on my professional trajectory as an Arab “diasporic academic” who spent nearly thirty years in Europe before moving back to the Middle East. Theoretically, the article draws on Orientalism as an ideology to shed light on how Western higher education institutions (HEIs) reinforce their superiority, creating an epistemic exclusion of Arab scholars. This problem is exacerbated by the neoliberal policies that tend to place HEIs on a global hierarchy, and by Arab scholars’ acceptance of this exclusion, which is termed internalized or self-orientalism.
Strengthening of reinforced concrete buildings with soft story irregularity

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Turkey is one of the most earthquake-prone countries in the world. The studies on the damaged buildings with reinforced concrete structural systems, especially done after the 1999 Gölcük earthquake and other earthquakes in the past, showed that the negative effects of the structural irregularities in the buildings come to light through the impact of earthquake load. They also revealed that the regularity of structural systems is one of the main principles in the design of earthquake resistant reinforced concrete structural systems. In this study, two-story single-span 1/3 scaled reinforced concrete test specimens having soft story irregularity (interstory stiffness irregularity) and insufficient earthquake resistance were tested by applying different strengthening methods. The purpose of strengthening applications is to eliminate the adverse effects of the soft story irregularity. Reversed-cyclic lateral load was applied on the test specimens to simulate the earthquake effect. While the upper stories in all the test specimens had infill walls, the lower stories had been strengthened using different types of steel bracings. The first frame was strengthened with K-type shaped (<>), the second one with straight V-type (V) and the third with turned sideways V-type (>) steel diagonal elements. As a reference to these three strengthened frames, the following two frames, which were taken from another study, were used; a frame with both stories having infill walls and a frame with infill walls on the upper story, which is empty on the lower story. As a result of the study, load and displacement histories, hysteresis and envelope curves and energy dissipation graphs of these three strengthened reinforced concrete frames were obtained. Furthermore, all the experimental results, obtained graphs and the data from the reference frames were compared and interpreted. The results show that the frame strengthened with K-type steel bracings is the best solution to reduce the effect of soft story irregularity.
Light scattering study of local structures in solutions: chloroform-ethanol system

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLight scattering study of local structures in solutions: chloroform-ethanol systemTadashi Kato and Tsunetake FujiyamaCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1976, 80, 25, 2771–2777Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100566a011https://doi.org/10.1021/j100566a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views87Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts