jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Effect of nivolumab (NIVO) on quality of life (QoL) in patients (pts) with treatment-naïve advanced melanoma (MEL): Results of a phase III study (CheckMate 066).

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

9027 Background: While treatments exist that extend survival in advanced MEL, the quality of that survival is not often evaluated. There is a need for treatments that demonstrate increased survival while preserving long-term QoL. In a phase III, randomized, double-blind study, NIVO (a PD-1 immune checkpoint inhibitor; 3 mg/kg every 2 weeks [wks; Q2W]) improved overall survival compared with dacarbazine (DTIC; 1,000 mg/m2 Q3W) in treatment-naïve pts with advanced MEL. Methods: In this study, QoL measured by European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30) and the EuroQol-five dimension questionnaire (EQ-5D) was evaluated at baseline (BL) and at treatment cycles Q6W. Mean changes and non-parametric comparisons are reported. Further analyses are planned to examine longitudinal QoL and the relationship between clinical and pt outcomes. Results: A total of 418 pts were randomized to NIVO (n = 210) or DTIC (n = 208). Adjusted completion rates at BL for EQ-5D utilities were 69.5% with NIVO and 64.9% with DTIC, and those for EORTC QLQ-C30 were 70.0% with NIVO and 64.9% with DTIC. While rates remained similar throughout the study, analysis of QoL involving DTIC was not feasible after wk 13 due to a high attrition rate in the DTIC arm (n ≤ 41). Mean BL QoL scores were similar for NIVO versus DTIC (EQ-5D utilities: 0.778 vs 0.711; EQ-5D visual analog scale [VAS] scores: 70.9 vs 69.1; EORTC Global Health: 68.9 vs 66.2). No QoL change was noted for DTIC prior to study dropout. For NIVO, improvements from BL were noted in EQ-5D utilities from wk 7 (0.027; n = 132; P= 0.011) through wk 49 (0.045; n = 38; P= 0.034), and in EQ-5D VAS scores at wks 25, 31, 37, 49 and 61 (P≤ 0.03). EORTC subscale scores did not change over time. Conclusions: These results demonstrate that NIVO does not impair QoL and may enhance it compared with BL, while also conferring survival benefits, in treatment-naïve pts with advanced MEL. Dropout rates with DTIC after wk 13 limited QoL data interpretation for this treatment group. Clinical trial information: NCT01721772.
Phytohormones and Abiotic Stress in Plants. Edited by N. A. Khan, R. Nazar, N. Iqbal and N. A. Anjum. Berlin, Germany: Springer-Verlag (2012), pp. 306, £126.00. ISBN 978-3-642-25828-2.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Phytohormones and Abiotic Stress in Plants. Edited by N. A. Khan, R. Nazar, N. Iqbal and N. A. Anjum. Berlin, Germany: Springer-Verlag (2012), pp. 306, £126.00. ISBN 978-3-642-25828-2. - Volume 48 Issue 4
Glioblastoma Presenting with the Radiological Features of a Meningioma: A Case Report and Literature Review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Glioblastomas, which are the most common primary malignant brain tumors in adults, occasionally exhibit radiological features similar to those of other diseases. However, instances of them mimicking meningiomas are rare. This article describes a rare case of a glioblastoma presenting with radiological features similar to those of a meningioma. A 55-year-old man was admitted following 2 months of gait disturbance, mild dysarthria, and dizziness. Magnetic resonance imaging suggested an extra-axial tumor in the interhemispheric fissure exhibiting a cerebrospinal fluid cleft sign, which was indicative of a meningioma. Bifrontal craniotomy for tumor resection revealed a highly vascularized, yellowish-gray friable mass within the interhemispheric fissure. The pathological diagnosis was glioblastoma. The patient’s symptoms improved following treatment with whole-brain radiotherapy and temozolomide chemotherapy, and his condition was stable during a 5-month follow-up period. Glioblastomas may present with radiological features similar to those of meningiomas, making it challenging for physicians to establish an accurate diagnosis and effective treatment plan.
Adiposity Markers as Predictors of 11-Year Decline in Maximal Walking Speed in Late Midlife

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Obesity is linked to poorer physical functioning in older adults, but impact of excess adiposity on loss of functional capacity in late midlife is unclear. This study examined associations between adiposity markers and 11-year change in maximal walking speed, a sensitive indicator of physical functioning, among adults aged 55 to 69 years. Method: Maximal walking speed over 6.1 m was assessed in 2000 and 2011 among Finnish men ( n = 409) and women ( n = 498) from the prospective Health 2000 Survey. Body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference were assessed in 2000. Generalized estimating equation models estimated changes in maximal walking speed by BMI and waist circumference, stratified by sex. Results: BMI greater than 30 kg/m 2 was associated with accelerated decline in maximal walking speed particularly in women. Associations with waist circumference were nonsignificant. Conclusion: Late midlife obesity may speed up the decline in functional capacity as measured by maximal walking speed, especially in women.
The limbus in developmental dysplasia of the hip

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract This study aimed to describe the shape of the limbus arthroscopically and via arthrogram and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and to determine whether it prevents concentric reduction of the femoral head in developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). Twelve patients (mean age, 10.2 months; range, 3–31 months) who underwent arthroscopic-assisted reduction for DDH were retrospectively reviewed. Limbus shapes were captured on arthrogram before reduction, after closed reduction, and after arthroscopic-assisted reduction and categorized according to the Miyake classification. On arthrogram, the superior limbus was blocked in 2 hips, inverted in 2, intermediate in 5, and everted in 3 after attempted closed reduction. After arthroscopic-assisted reduction, the limbus was everted in 7 hips and normal in 5. On arthroscopy, in all cases, the limbus appeared as a whitish, cartilage-like ring with a variably blunted edge before reduction, without inversion or eversion. On postoperative MRI, 10 of 12 superior limbi showed hypertrophy or globular compression by the femoral head with intermediate or mixed MRI signal intensities and blunted edges. The remaining 2 hips had hypertrophied superior limbi with sharp edges. On transverse plane MRI, the posterior limbus of all hips showed sharp margins with low MRI signal intensity. Residual subluxation was observed in 7 of the 12 hips with interposition of the anteroinferior limbus. The appearance of the limbus varied according to the femoral head position, and it was neither inverted nor everted. Interposed anteroinferior limbi with residual subluxation suggest impeded concentric reduction in DDH.
Intraconfigurational spin-forbidden transitions in chromium(III), manganese(II), and nickel(II) complexes in aqueous glass solutions at 77.deg.K

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIntraconfigurational spin-forbidden transitions in chromium(III), manganese(II), and nickel(II) complexes in aqueous glass solutions at 77.deg.KGerman Santiago and Michael KashaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1969, 91, 3, 757–758Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1969Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1969https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01031a048https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01031a048research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views67Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Optimal experimental designs for two-variable logistic regression models

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Binary response data is often modeled using the logistic regression model. Experimental design theory for the logistic model appears to be increasingly important as experimentation becomes more complex and expensive. The optimal design work is extremely valuable in areas such as biomedical and environmental applications. \n \nMost design research dealing with the logistic model has been concentrated on the one-variable case. Relative little has been done for the two-variable model. The primary goal of this research is to develop and study efficient and practical experimental design procedures for fitting the logistic model with two independent variables. Optimal designs are developed addressing D optimality, Q optimality, and the estimation of interaction between the design variables. The two-variable models with and without interaction usually have to be handled separately. The equivalence theory concerning D optimal designs is studied. The designs are compared using their relative efficiencies in the presence of interaction. Robustness to parameter misspecification is investigated. Bayesian design procedures are explored to provide relatively more robust experimental plans.
How the dynamics of an ablation plume is affected by ambient gas ionisation

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The influence of inert gas ionisation on the expansion dynamics of a laser ablation plume propagating through an inert gas is studied. Charge transfer reactions between ionised ablated species and gas neutrals lead to the formation of a charged layer of ionised gas atoms in contact with the plume expansion front. The energy lost by fast ablated ions when the plume is slowed down is calculated. For the exemplary carbon ablation in helium and argon atmospheres, where background gas ionisation plays a different role, model predictions agree with the observed microstructural differences of deposited films.
Counterfactual thinking: an fMRI study on changing the past for a better future

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Recent studies suggest that a brain network mainly associated with episodic memory has a more general function in imagining oneself in another time, place or perspective (e.g. episodic future thought, theory of mind, default mode). If this is true, counterfactual thinking (e.g. 'If I had left the office earlier, I wouldn't have missed my train.') should also activate this network. Present functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study explores the common and distinct neural activity of counterfactual and episodic thinking by directly comparing the imagining of upward counterfactuals (creating better outcomes for negative past events) with the re-experiencing of negative past events and the imagining of positive future events. Results confirm that episodic and counterfactual thinking share a common brain network, involving a core memory network (hippocampal area, temporal lobes, midline, and lateral parietal lobes) and prefrontal areas that might be related to mentalizing (medial prefrontal cortex) and performance monitoring (right prefrontal cortex). In contrast to episodic past and future thinking, counterfactual thinking recruits some of these areas more strongly and extensively, and additionally activates the bilateral inferior parietal lobe and posterior medial frontal cortex. We discuss these findings in view of recent fMRI evidence on the working of episodic memory and theory of mind.
Evangelical Anglicans in a revolutionary age, 1789–1901. By Nigel Scotland. Pp. xiii+457. Carlisle: Paternoster, 2004. £19.99 (paper). 1 84227 231 4

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

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Application of Organolithium and Related Reagents in Synthesis. Part 27. Effect of the Nucleophilic Character of Silyl Enol Ethers upon the Conversion of 3‐Arylphthalides into 2‐(1‐Aryl‐2‐methoxycarbonyl) Benzoic Acids.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Education-based grant programmes for bottom-up distance learning and project catalysis: Antimicrobial Resistance in Sub-Saharan Africa

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

International development and aid are often conducted through the allocation of funding determined by decisions of non-locals, especially in the west for those in the global south. In addition, such funding is often disassociated from local expertise, therefore providing little long-term developmental impact and generating distrust. This is particularly true for conservation, as well as environmental and educational programmes. We hypothesise that by granting local people the educational tools and the necessary funding to develop their own projects through the use of an applicant driven peer-review approach, it is possible to relocalize the decision-making process to the programme participants, with the potential to generate and select more relevant projects with developmental outcomes of higher quality. Here we created an online curriculum for antimicrobial resistance (AMR) education that was followed by 89 participants across Ghana, Tanzania, Nigeria, and Uganda. We then created an open research programme that facilitated the creation of eight de novo projects on AMR. Finally, we organised an applicant-driven grant round to allocate funding to the “Neonatal Sepsis in Nigeria” project to conduct a pilot study and awareness campaign. This work opens perspectives for the design of frugal educational programmes and the funding of context-specific, community-driven projects aimed at empowering local stakeholders in the global South.
Capital Markets' Reaction to Environmental Sensitivity

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Using an event study method we investigate the degree to which capital markets price potential environmental risk for a cross-country sample of mining firms. We build a unique data set that includes the proximity of a mine to ecological areas and water sources and their size. We then ask whether the market discounts non-environmental announcements by the firm more if the mine is closer to such areas. On balance, our results indicate that financial markets do tend to impose an environmental discount on firms making non-environmental announcements whose mines, by virtue of their location, are subject to potential environmental risk. At the same time, the potential risk discount does depend on the governance quality of the country in which the mine is located such that mines located in countries with stronger governance institutions face larger environmental risk premia. Specifically, capital markets penalize mining companies that operate near large, environmentally sensitive sites in countries with high governance quality more than in countries with low governance quality.
Mathematics Learning Permormance: Its Correlation with Chemistry Learning Performance

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Mathematics is a rigorous, logical, and instrumental subject. Many concepts in chemistry learning is inseparable from mathematics. This study aims to determine the relationship between student learning performance in learning mathematics and chemistry. This research adopted literature analysis, statistical analysis, and interview (from subjective and objective aspects). The data of this study used the mathematics and chemistry scores of 452 students from 6 third-level grades at a secondary school in the city of Guilin. SPSS22.0 software was used to analyze comprehensive data in exploring the correlation between math scores and chemistry scores from various perspectives. Then, several students were interviewed to verify the results of the data analysis from emotional perspectives. The results of the research objectively indicate that there is a strong positive linear relationship between students’ mathematics learning achievement and subjectively, students agree that good mathematics performance can improve chemistry scores. Accordingly, mathematics learning performance is related to chemistry learning performance. Teachers can strengthen chemistry knowledge through mathematical knowledge. So, it is recommended that teachers adopt and use appropriate teaching strategies, and strengthen the application of mathematical knowledge in chemistry learning.
Acute Inflammation Following Intraperitoneal Injection of Antigen into Actively Sensitised Rats

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Rats actively sensitised to bovine serum albumin (BSA) in Freund’s complete adjuvant were challenged by intraperitoneal injection of BSA. By washing out the peritoneal cavities at different times it was possible to divide the changes that occurred into two phases. The first was characterised by the release of histamine and slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis (SRS-A) with an associated extravasation of plasma proteins. The second phase was characterised by an increase in neutrophilic polymorphonuclear cells in the peritoneal cavity. Extracellular enzyme activities were also investigated. The kinetics of these events were studied and are discussed in terms of the possible mechanisms involved.
Several factors influencing seedling establishment of no-tillage seedling broadcasting cultivation of early hybrid rice

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The effects of four factors on techniques for seedling establishment of No-tillage seedling broadcasting cultivation of early hybrid rice were studied.The results showed that no-tillage seedling broadcasting cultivation was beneficial to root standing,seedling establishment,early growth and above-soil growth under the condition of appropriate low water(around 1 cm), short seedling age and appropriate in crease N at the early growth stage.The speed of seedling establishment no-direct seedlings had great relation to seedling age,short seedling age quickened seedling establishment and promoted rice growth.
Mechanism of the action of bioactive proteins of vegetables in diabetes mellitus type 2

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background: Diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2) is a chronic disease of significant prevalence causing hyperglycemia and several comorbidities. Evidences highlight the performance of non - protein bioactive compounds found in vegetables in the control of hyperglycemia. This study describes a protocol of a systematic review, which analyzes the action of proteins and bioactive peptides of plants in DM2. Methods: The Preferred Reporting Items guide this protocol for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyzes Protocols (PRISMA-P) was used. The databases that will be used for searching will be PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Web of Science, EMBASE, and Virtual Health Library, Brazil (VHL). Studies that use bioactive proteins and peptides of vegetal origin in DM2 will be included in the systematic review. The studies will be identified using clinical parameters and the effect on insulin resistance. The characteristics of the studies as control groups, test substance, dosage, intervention time, and the main results will be described. Selection of studies, data extraction, and methodological quality assessment will be performed independently by two experienced reviewers. Results: This protocol will be the basis for a systematic review identifying the mechanism of action of plant proteins and peptides in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Conclusion: Systematic reviews from this protocol will provide support for the construction of researches that analyze the effect of plant bioactive proteins and peptides on the control of hyperglycemia and how these molecules act in the control of DM2. Prospero Registration Number: CRD42019110956.
Role of Females in Family Buying Decision-Making—A Study among Females in Uttrakhand

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The objective of this research paper is to investigate the effects of female role orientation on role structure in the family decision making. Five different purchase decisions were examined. A total of 300 females were interviewed in Dehradun district of Uttrakhand. Structured questionnaires were used to interview females. It was found that there is difference in female role orientation vis-à-vis their family type (joint or nuclear), age, education and income levels. Females are found to play more positive role in the purchase of durables they personally use than the durables for the family usage.
THE RELATIVE CONTRIBUTION OF SOIL TILLAGE AND OVERLAND FLOW EROSION TO SOIL REDISTRIBUTION ON AGRICULTURAL LAND

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

This study uses evidence for the long-term (35 years) pattern of soil redistribution within two agricultural fields in the UK to identify the relative importance of tillage and overland flow erosion. Spatially distributed long-term total soil redistribution data for the fields (Dalicott Farm and Rufford Forest Farm) were obtained using the caesium-137 (137Cs) technique. These data were compared with predicted patterns of soil redistribution. Recent studies have demonstrated that the redistribution of soil by tillage may be described as a diffusive process. A two-component model was, therefore, developed which accounts for soil redistribution by both overland flow and diffusive processes. Comparison of the predicted patterns of overland flow erosion alone with the observed (137Cs-derived) data indicated a poor agreement (r2 = 0.17 and 0.11). In contrast, a good agreement exists between the predicted pattern of diffusive redistribution and the observed data (r2 = 0.43 and 0.41). These results give a clear indication that diffusive processes are dominant in soil redistribution within these fields. Possible diffusive processes include splash erosion, soil creep and tillage. However, the magnitude of the diffusion coefficients for the optimum predicted pattern (c. 350–400 kg m−1 a−1) demonstrates that tillage is the only process capable of explaining the very significant soil redistribution which is indicated by the 137Cs data. Consideration is given to the implications of these results for both soil erosion prediction and landscape interpretation.
SILASTIC IMPLANT FOR RECONSTRUCTION OF PECTUS EXCAVATUM: AN UPDATE

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Twenty-seven patients were operated on for pectus excavatum between 1985 and 1996 and had a custom-made subcutaneous Silastic implant inserted. We have reviewed their medical records to evaluate the clinical course, and used a questionnaire to assess the subjective outcome. There were no major surgical complications. Sixteen of the 27 patients reported improved appearance, and 11 would definitely recommend the operation to other patients under similar circumstances. Increased familiarity with the technique has led to implants with better size and shape, shorter hospital stay, and also to patients being more confident with the outcome. Augmentation with a custom-made Silastic implant is still a simple and straightforward way of concealing the deformity and alleviating the subjective discomfort in patients with pectus excavatum, whose cardiopulmonary function is within the normal range.