jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Investigating the Mechanism of a Multi-State Model of WNTSignaling

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The WNT signaling pathway plays numerous roles in
development and maintenance of adult homeostasis. In concordance
with it’s numerous roles, dysfunction of WNT signaling leads to a
variety of human diseases ranging from developmental disorders to
cancer. WNT signaling is composed of a family of 19 WNT soluble
secreted glycoproteins, which are evolutionarily conserved across
all phyla of the animal kingdom. WNT ligands interact most commonly
with a family of receptors known as frizzled (FZ) receptors,
composed of 10 independent genes. Specific interactions between WNT
proteins and FZ receptors are not well characterized and are known
to be promiscuous, Traditionally canonical WNT signaling is
described as a binary system in which WNT signaling is either off
or on. In the ‘off’ state, in the absence of a WNT ligand,
cytoplasmic β-catenin is continuously degraded by the action of the
APC/Axin/GSK-3β destruction complex. In the ‘on’ state, when WNT
binds to its Frizzled (Fz) receptor and LRP coreceptor, this
protein destruction complex is disrupted, allowing β-catenin to
translocate into the nucleus where it interacts with the DNA-bound
T cell factor/lymphoid factor (TCF/LEF) family of proteins to
regulate target gene expression. However in a variety of systems in
development and disease canonical WNT signaling acts in a gradient
fashion, suggesting more complex regulation of β-catenin
transcriptional activity. As such, the traditional ‘binary’ view of
WNT signaling does not clearly explain how this graded signal is
transmitted intracellularly to control concentration-dependent
changes in gene expression and cell identity. I have developed an
in vitro human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-based model that
recapitulates the same in vivo developmental effects of the WNT
signaling gradient on the anterior-posterior (A/P) patterning of
the neural tube observed during early development. Using RNA-seq
and ChIP-seq I have characterized β-catenin binding at different
levels of WNT signaling and identified different classes of
β-catenin peaks that bind cis-regulatory elements to influence
neural cell fate. This work expands the traditional binary view of
canonical WNT signaling and illuminates WNT/β-catenin activity in
other developmental and diseased contexts.
What Is An Omniscient Narrator

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

ow we know what she's thinking and I can't say that we really 1N approve. She's feeling sorry for herself again, imagining her soul has been filleted. A fourteen pound salmon eviscerated and deboned with a $59.00 high carbon, stainless steel precision blade from the March edition of the Professional Chef's home catalog. We see her thumbing through the magalog's glossy clay coated pages and remem bering cooking dinner for Caleb. A Saturday night in January during the first bonafide blizzard in a decade. The young and the meatless. Grilling salmon on the gas grill on her screened-in porch while the northeast wind drilled the screens, opaquing them, trapping the smoke from the searing pink flesh in their lungs and this memory into her voluptuous little heart. We don't like it when she gets this way because then she's what we term 'high maintenance'. We have to be on our guard round the clock, never missing a beat. Not that we don't take pleasure in doing our job but she's been known to take risks, far too many risks to suit our style (which is rather conservative), when these moods engulf her. She'll write stuff and we'll read it of course. She keeps us on our toes that's for sure. Journal entries that begin: It was another day when I was sure my love was doomed to be superfluous, when the eve ning would bring creative sex acts with root vegetables. This is exact ly the kind of garbage we would give our eye teeth not to have to hear from her. What can you do when a girl like that believes love is only a compulsive disorder? We want to let her know that we care. Sometimes she seems to get it, other times you can't be sure. We do our best. Caleb never helped— not for three years—though we don't agree he made matters worse. At
Causal modelling of construction projects

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Disputes have become an inherent feature of the construction industry. A plethora of studies have been undertaken to identify the causes of disputes so as to determine the most appropriate prevention and resolution strategies. While it is widely known what the main causes of dispute are, they still remain prevalent in the Australian construction industry. This is because there is a need to better understand the complexity and interplay between causal variables. Using data derived from the literature a conceptual causal model of construction disputes is developed. The model identifies the key causal variables and pathogens that can contribute to disputes.
A survey of veterinarians’ knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding an emerging disease: Coccidioidomycosis in Washington State

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Abstract Coccidioides immitis is an emerging fungal pathogen in Washington State (WA). While the geographical boundaries of C. immitis in WA have not been well characterized, human infections have resulted from exposure in the south‐central region of the state. Since 2010, only one dog has been identified as a probable locally acquired animal case, despite pilot canine serological surveys from south‐central WA revealing a 9.8% seroprevalence. On the suspicion that clinical animal cases may be underdiagnosed and/or underreported, we assessed WA veterinarians’ knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding coccidioidomycosis. All veterinarians with active licenses in WA were invited to complete a self‐administered, web‐based survey from November 2018 to January 2019. Four hundred and twenty‐five of 2,211 (19.2%) veterinarians returned the survey and were eligible for inclusion in the final analysis. Nearly, all respondents (98.8%) had heard of coccidioidomycosis, but only 31.5% and 25.6% knew that locally acquired animal and human cases, respectively, had been reported in WA. Only half (52.6%) of participants knew that the disease was reportable. Fewer than 20% of respondents reported confidence that their knowledge of coccidioidomycosis was up to date, and 76.9% “never” or “rarely” considered the risk of disease in their patients. A statistically significant predictor of a high knowledge score (≥70%), however, included practicing in endemic counties where the Washington State Department of Health had previously delivered outreach and education services. While the results suggest some success with these activities, it is clear that information on the emergence of coccidioidomycosis is not adequately reaching veterinary practitioners in WA. The data support that more frequent CE opportunities, and dissemination of public health communications through veterinary‐specific modalities, would help fill the knowledge gap. In turn, improved diagnosis and reporting of animal cases would assist in our overall understanding the epidemiology of coccidioidomycosis in WA.
«The Pearl ring of Northern Moscow Region» on the territory of Sergiev-Posadskiy and Pushkinskiy districts as a historical, cultural, scientific, educational and tourism complex

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The suggested project contains an attempt to assimilate as a tourist route the part of North Moscow region territory with lots of historical and cultural places. The author gives the name of the project - the Pearl ring of North Moscow Region. The territory is limited the Sergiev-Possad and Pushkino regions with the center line from the State Tyutchev Memorial estate «Mouranovo» (or as it is called «the house of two poets») through the State art, historical and literary museum «Abramtsevo» till the Pokrov monastery. The author writes about some places of the region with remarks and commentaries in historical and cultural aspects. It contains historical events, connected with Moscow region, and country estate culture from the 19&#34;1 cent, till nowdays.
Temperature and brine type of formation Mississippi Valley Type Pb-Zn ore deposits: constrained by simulation experiments

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The transformation of kerogen to hydrocarbons in the early stages of oil generation is critical for understanding the resource potential of liquid-rich. Additionally, numerous previous experimental and theoretical studies on Mississippi Valley-Type (MVT) Pb-Zn deposits have shown a close genetic relationship with the hydrocarbon accumulation for their common coexistence with the oil/gas reservoirs in the world. However, the actual mineralization process of Pb-Zn deposits associated with hydrocarbon fluids lacks sufficient theoretical studies. Here, we focus on the MVT Pb-Zn mineralization, primarily on the influence of mineralization temperature and the type of brines, using geochemical simulation experiments to verify the relationship between the hydrocarbon fluids and Pb-Zn ore deposits. To restore the actual metallogenic environment to the maximum extent possible, we found that with increased temperature (80-180oC), the number of mineralization showed an increasing trend, and no ore deposits have been found under 80oC. Furthermore, the expected mineralization process could occur under the brine mixture solution, NaCl+CaCl2, and hardly under the single solution. Therefore, under the geochemical simulation experiments, temperature, brine type, and so on play an essential role in the mineralization process under the participation of hydrocarbon fluid, which could provide the theoretical explanations of their coupling relationship.
Developing State Agencies and Centralizing International Cultural Relations

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract In 1968, Kalervo Siikala sent the Finnish Minister for Education Johannes Virolainen a long plaidoyer for a state-funded cultural policy with an ambitious international outreach. He emphasized the developments that had happened since the war in Finland’s international contacts and criticized what he saw as a Finnish cultural field still locked under hierarchical, conservative private cultural organizations, dominated by conservative elites, old-fashioned institutions, and defiance towards the Eastern bloc. Siikala wanted a new, dynamic, open and democratic cultural policy, with a stronger role for the Finnish state to coordinate private organizations and steer their activities towards the country's official foreign policy line and the goals of Finland's developing welfare state. It had to emphasize the interest of the youth and young people, who wanted to get rid of old hierarchies, and adapt cultural policy to a geopolitical context dominated by Soviet influence. Siikala stopped short of proposing a fully state-controlled cultural field, but demanded better instruments to coordinate private initiatives by public resources: “ cultural life has to develop its own organic way and find its own direction” , he wrote, although it had to do so “in those limits set by the possibilities and needs of society and economic life ”. In an environment dominated by ideas of cultural reform and the influence of a new radical left, the Ministry of Education should be given the possibility to lead the cultural field. The problem was also political: to maintain good relations with the USSR demanded stronger state coordination also in cultural matters.
Bidisperse Perfluorinated Polyether (PFPE)-Based Magneto-Rheological Fluids in a Prosthetic Knee

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Regaining biomechanical function, comfort and quality of life is a prime consideration when designing prosthetic limbs. Recently, microprocessor-controlled prosthetic knees, which rely on magneto-rheological (MR) technology, have become available and have the potential to meet these needs. One of these promising products is a prosthetic knee manufactured by the company Ossur Inc. The knee is a synergy of artificial intelligence, advanced sensors and MR actuator technology. A critical factor in the success of the prosthetic knee is the composition of the MR fluid. In the prosthetic actuator, the fluid is used in shear mode in a micron-sized fluid gap. The characteristics of the MR fluid, such as, the off-state viscosity, the field-induced shear yield stress, the post-yield viscosity, and the particle sedimentation rate, determine the properties of the prosthetic knee. This paper describes a novel perfluorinated polyether (PFPE)-based MR fluid with properties that are tailored for the requirements of the prosthetic knee actuator. Rheological measurements of monodisperse and bidisperse PFPE-based fluid mixtures are presented. The monodisperse fluid consists of micron-sized carbonyl iron particles and the bidisperse mixture contains micron- and nano-sized particles. A few different concentrations of nano particles are investigated; first by holding the total solid concentration constant, and then by increasing the total solid concentration, to exceed that of the MR fluid containing only micron-sized particles. An MR fluid composition is sought that has a suitable balance between field-induced strength, off-state viscosity and sedimentation rate, for the proposed application. This balance is determined by desired qualities of the prosthetic knee and relate directly to the MR fluid. The field-induced shear stress of MR fluid samples is measured as a function of the magnetic flux density along with the off-state viscosity as a function of the shear-rate. The shear stress and off-state viscosity at high-shear rates are of particular interest, since the working shear rate in the prosthetic knee is high, due to the micron-sized gap between the blades in the fluid chamber of the actuator. Mathematical models are presented that describe how the MR fluid properties relate to the behavior of the prosthetic knee. The paper shows how a tailored design of an MR fluid can further the success of the MR prosthetic knee.
Biological Engineering, Risk, and Uncertainty

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Most discussions about the risks associated with synthetic biology tend to begin and end with the same message. That is, in these revolutionary times, when the capabilities for designing and reengineer­ing biological agents are advancing at previously unimag­inable rates but have still not realized their full potential, when risks therefore remain uncertain, and where the actors are generally well‐meaning people who seek im­portant benefits for society and environment, the most reasonable approach is to exercise “prudent vigilance,” to minimize proscriptive oversight, and to avoid judgments about and limitations on research until some elusive date when greater clarity might be achieved. This approach may be useful in allowing scientific research to move forward, but it strikes me as a politi­cal expedient that minimizes conflict between would‐be opposing factions with different values and backgrounds and as an excuse to avoid some difficult problems. Uncertainties about key features of the landscape seem to justify a reluctance to formulate judgments and promote action. I believe there are reasonable kinds of conclusions that can be made right now about when and how to con­duct and publish potentially dangerous research in the life sciences. These conclusions are enabled by a more rigorous examination of the nature of uncertainty in the conduct of experiments in synthetic biology and genetic engineering .
US told to invest in particle physics

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

America must boost its investment in particle physics if it is to stay at the forefront of the discipline. That is the conclusion of a National Academy of Sciences panel charged with recommending priorities for US particle physics over the next 15 years. The panel believes that the intellectual centre of gravity within the field is moving abroad and that, as things stand, within a few years most American experimental particle physicists will be working at facilities overseas.
A Novel Data Acquisition Equipment for Distribution Systems Based on FFT Single-peak Interpolation Algorithm

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In recent years, internet of things(IoT) development has brought new vitality to modernizing power grid equipment. In the smart IoT era, collecting distribution equipment data has also become intelligent. However, existing acquisition devices often have fixed functions, making them unable to accommodate diverse sensors. This paper develops a multifunctional acquisition device based on fast fourier transform(FFT) single-peak interpolation to enable dynamic port configuration. This allows effective collection of pressure, temperature, current, voltage, and other sensory data from distribution equipment. The device also enables real-time grid voltage harmonic calculation. Field testing showed the device maintained stability with good data upload rates under multiple sensor connections. The harmonic calculation accuracy met requirements, with an average 0.001% relative frequency error, 0.13% relative amplitude error, and 0.25° angular error.
The schema provokes a disparity of false recollection between actions and objects in an everyday scene

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

We explored the effect of the schema on recognition memories and subjective experiences for actions and objects in an everyday scene. At first, participants watched slides of a man cooking in a kitchen. The man performed schema‐consistent actions, and schema‐consistent objects were left. After watching the slides, participants completed a recognition test, a remember/know test, and a Perception/Thought/Emotion/Context questionnaire. We confirmed three main results. First, participants made more false recognitions for schema‐consistent distracters than for schema‐inconsistent distracters with more “remember” judgments accompanied by perceptual, thought, and contextual details, and with more “know” judgments. Second, participants made more false recognitions for schema‐consistent object distracters than for schema‐consistent action distracters. Third, participants more frequently recognized schema‐consistent action targets than schema‐consistent object targets with more “remember” judgments. Both action memory and object memory were reconstructed under the schema, provoking false recognitions for schema‐consistent distracters. However, the memories of schema‐consistent action targets were so recollective that they could prevent false recognitions for schema‐consistent action distracters.
Design of Constant Voltage Compensation Topology Applied to WPT System for Electrical Vehicles

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Due to the loose coupling characteristic of the wireless power transfer system, design of the compensation topology is important. In SS resonant compensation condition, using Buck circuit in secondary side, the output load current and the duty cycle showing approximate inverse relationship in a wide range, making traditional Buck circuit control method cannot be used. To solve this problem, this paper mainly introduces the design of the compensation topology which can realize the secondary side constant voltage output in the case of variable load. By using fundamental analysis method, two different resonant are analyzed. Primary side compensation structure is more suitable for electrical vehicles WPT system. The reasonable control of output power can keep the system operating at the maximum efficiency point. Finally, the above conclusions are verified by simulation.
Oligomerization, transport, and Golgi retention of Punta Toro virus glycoproteins

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

We have investigated the oligomerization and intracellular transport of the membrane glycoproteins of Punta Toro virus, a member of the Phlebovirus genus of the family Bunyaviridae, which is assembled by budding in the Golgi complex. By using one- or two-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, chemical cross-linking, and sucrose gradient centrifugation, we found that the majority of the G1 and G2 glycoproteins are assembled into noncovalently linked G1-G2 heterodimers. At the same time, a fraction of the G2 protein, possibly produced independently of the G1 protein, is assembled into G2 homodimers. Kinetic analysis indicates that heterodimerization occurs between newly synthesized G1 and G2 within 3 min after protein synthesis, and that the G1 and G2 glycoproteins are associated as dimeric forms both during transport and after accumulation in the Golgi complex. Analysis of a G1-truncated G2 mutant, which is also targeted to the Golgi complex, showed that these molecules also assemble into dimeric forms, which are linked by disulfide bonds. Both the G1-G2 heterodimer and the G2 homodimer were found to be able to exit from the endoplasmic reticulum. Differences in transport kinetics observed for the G1 and G2 proteins may be due to the differences in the transport efficiency between the G1-G2 heterodimer and the G2 homodimer from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi complex. These and previous results (S.-Y. Chen, Y. Matsuoka, and R.W. Compans, Virology 183:351-365, 1991) suggest that Golgi retention of the G2 homodimer occurs by association with the G1-G2 heterodimer, whereas the Golgi targeting of the G1-G2 heterodimer occurs by a specific retention mechanism.
Effects of Type 2 Diabetes on Pregnant Women and Newborns.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Type 2 diabetes during pregnancy is increasingly common and is associated with significant risks for both maternal and neonatal health outcomes as well as Understanding these risks can help improve management and care strategies, and the aim of the study was a analyze the impact of type 2 diabetes on maternal complications and newborn health outcomes, emphasizing the necessity for effective education and management interventions as well as Study Design were This prospective cohort study evaluated 122 pregnant women aged 18-45 years, diagnosed with type 2 diabetes before pregnancy in addition to Data was collected at various prenatal visits, focusing on maternal health outcomes, neonatal health outcomes, and the need for diabetes education, also Statistical analyses, including descriptive statistics and regression analyses, were conducted using SPSS version 26. The results which found were Maternal complications included gestational hypertension (32.8%), pre-eclampsia (8.2%), and cesarean delivery (36.9%) in addition to Newborns presented with low birth weight (16.4%) and macrosomia (24.6%). At follow-up, 8.2% of newborns showed developmental delays, where approximately 49.2% of mothers expressed a need for nutritional counseling and 45.1% for diabetes management training.Finally, in Type 2 diabetes significantly impacts maternal and newborn health. Effective management strategies, combined with educational support, are essential for improving health outcomes for mothers and their children