jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Pages of Poison

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

In the 19th century, arsenic was a commonly used additive and colourant found in paper, clothing, household goods, personal products, and even confectionary items. Although most of these toxic products have long been removed from public consumption, books created using copper acetoarsenite, a green pigment, remain in our libraries and personal collections, with potential health implications. This article focuses on identifying 19th-century books in the Queen’s University Library, Kingston, suspected to contain copper acetoarsenite or emerald green. Based on visual identification, 150 books published between 1797 and 1900 were selected from the collections for X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy testing to detect the arsenical colourant. Results revealed that 28 books tested contained significant amounts of arsenic in their bookcloth, covering paper, surface decoration, endpapers, or fore-edges. These findings underscore the necessity to implement proper handling and storage protocols and conservation strategies to mitigate the risk of arsenic exposure to library staff, researchers, and patrons. Moreover, this research contributes to the broader understanding of arsenic’s impact on cultural heritage preservation, highlighting the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration between librarians, conservators, archivists, historians, and scientists. By documenting and addressing arsenic contamination in library collections, institutions can safeguard the well-being of individuals interacting with these materials while preserving these cultural heritage items for the future.
Climate Change and Thailand: Impact and Response

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Contemporary Southeast Asia (CSEA) is one of the ISEAS – Yusof Ishak Institute"s flagship publications. Now in its fourth decade of publication, CSEA has succeeded in building up an international reputation as one of Southeast Asia"s premier academic journals. The aim of the peer reviewed journal is to provide subscribers with up to date and in-depth analysis of critical trends and developments in Southeast Asia and the wider Asia-Pacific region. The primary focus of the journal is on issues related to domestic politics in Southeast Asian countries, regional architecture and community building, military, strategic and security affairs, conflict zones and relations among the Great Powers. CSEA publishes authoritative, insightful and original contributions from scholars, think-tank analysts, journalists and policy-makers from across the globe. The Editorial Committee is guided by the advice of the International Advisory Committee which is composed of eminent scholars from Asia, the United States, Australia and Europe.
The Lost Legions: Culture Contact in Colonial Australia

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

problematic. But critiques such as these are not new and many researchers have attempted to grapple with the complexities inherent in these relationships over the last decade and more. Smith and Waterton provide good advice to embrace the fact that ‘community interaction is contested, fraught and dissonant’ and to pay attention to ‘honesty, dialogue, recognition of power, a holistic and integrated approach and a critical regard for the political and social context of community engagement’ (pp.142143), but one is left wanting more. Now that most heritage professionals are at least cognisant of many of the issues that Smith and Waterton analyse what I imagine most want to know are practical steps they can take, real life examples they can borrow from, tangible ways that they can achieve ‘critically and politically aware engagement’ under real time and funding pressures, and ways to cope with the stresses that community work ultimately brings to bear. It is for this reason that I hope that Smith and Waterton consider a second volume in which they turn their attention to addressing the issues that they bring to the fore in this book.
IMAGE PROCESSING TECHNIC USING MEDIAN FILTERING FOR COMET

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The detection and measurement of faint features in cometary image is generally troublesome due to the high value of the ratio of the brightness of the nucleus to the tail, the large size and low surface brightness of the coma and tail and the disturbing presence of field stars trails. The image processing is based on background removal by median filtering. Sample results are shown for the case study of comet 73P/Schwassmann-Wachmann 3.
Forming of Self-consciousness and Professional Motivation in a Young People with Autism and Severe Developmental Disorders Who are Learning Professional Skills

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Paper presents comprehension of the process of professional skills learning in young people with severe complex developmental disorders, including autism spectrum disorders. Unity of the process of self-consciousness development and formation of professional motivation is revealed through the mechanism of shifting the motive to the goal. Author shows the realization of this consolidated process in the conditions of a creative craft workshop, based on her work as a psychologist in the Center of social adaptation and professional training, Technological college № 21. The case from the work in a sewing and weaving workshop described.
Biphasic increase of gap junction coupling induced by dipyridamole in the rat aortic A-10 vascular smooth muscle cell line

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The rat aortic smooth muscle cell line A-10 was used to investigate the effect of dipyridamole on the gap junction coupling of smooth muscle cells. The scrape loading/dye transfer (SL/DT) technique revealed that dipyridamole concentrations between 5 μM and 100 μM significantly increased gap junction coupling. The adenosine receptor antagonist MRS 1754, as well as the PKA inhibitors Rp-cAMPS and H-89 were able to inhibit the dipyridamole-related increase in coupling, while forskolin and Br-cAMP also induced an enhancement of the gap junction coupling. Regarding the time-dependent behaviour of dipyridamole, a short-term effect characterised by an oscillatory reaction was observed for application times of less than 5 h, while applications times of at least 6 h resulted in a long-term effect, characterised by a constant increase of gap junction coupling to its maximum levels. This increase was not altered by prolonged presence of dipyridamole. In parallel, a short application of dipyridamole for at least 15 min was found to be sufficient to evoke the long-term effect measured 6 h after drug washout. We propose that in both the short-term and long-term effect, cAMP-related pathways are activated. The short-term phase could be related to an oscillatory cAMP effect, which might directly affect connexin trafficking, assembly and/or gap junction gating. The long-term effect is most likely related to the new expression and synthesis of connexins. With previous data from a bovine aortic endothelial cell line, the present results show that gap junction coupling of vascular cells is a target for dipyridamole.
The effect of cavity length on picosecond pulse generation with highly rf modulated AlGaAs double heterostructure lasers

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

We report the generation of picosecond pulses with oxide-isolated-stripe, double heterostructure GaAlAs laser diodes of varying lengths. A pulse width of 15 ps at a repetition frequency of 1 GHz is achieved with a 60-μm-long device. The experiments indicate a linear relation between pulse width and laser length.
LHD ECEI2 #165406.1

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The electron cyclotron emission (ECE) imaging to determine the electron temperature profile by measuring the intensity of each frequency of ECE. This system uses a wide-band two-dimensional horn-antenna mixer array (HMA) whose frequency response is between 50 and 110 GHz and the ECE signal is selected using a 95 GHz local oscillator and a 93 GHz high-pass filter.
Protein kinase C phosphorylates glutamyl-tRNA synthetase in rabbit reticulocytes stimulated by tumor promoting phorbol esters.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

A high Mr synthetase core complex isolated from higher eukaryotes contains aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases specific for arginine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, glutamine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, and proline. Previously, five of the synthetases were shown to be phosphorylated in reticulocytes, and the glutaminyl- and aspartyl-tRNA synthetases were shown to be selectively phosphorylated in response to 8-bromo cAMP (Pendergast, A. M., Venema, R. C., and Traugh, J. A. (1987) J. Biol. Chem. 262, 5939-5942). Exposure of reticulocytes to phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate stimulates the selective phosphorylation of one synthetase in the complex, glutamyl-tRNA synthetase. Only the glutamyl-tRNA synthetase is modified to a significant extent when the purified complex is phosphorylated in vitro by protein kinase C; up to 0.7 mol of phosphate is incorporated per mol of synthetase. Two-dimensional phosphopeptide mapping shows a single tryptic phosphopeptide, which is identical for the enzyme modified in vitro by protein kinase C or in phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-stimulated cells. Phosphorylation in vivo is reproducibly accompanied by a 38 +/- 10% reduction in aminoacylation activity of partially purified glutamyl-tRNA synthetase assayed in vitro. Phosphorylation in vitro has no detectable effect on aminoacylation. This difference may be due to the absence of a required effector molecule which alters activity by interaction with the phosphorylated synthetase. Glutamyl-tRNA synthetase is one of a growing number of translational components, including initiation factors, which are coordinately modified by protein kinase C in response to phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate.
RESEARCH Open Access Validity of multiplex biomarker model of 6 genes for the differential diagnosis of thyroid nodules

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Currently the cytological examination of fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsies is the standard technique for the pre-operative differential diagnosis of thyroid nodules. However, the results may be noninformative in ~20 % of cases due to an inadequate sampling and the lack of highly specific, measurable cytological criteria, therefore ancillary biomarkers that could aid in these cases are clearly needed. The aim of our study was to evaluate the mRNA expression levels of 8 candidate marker genes as the diagnostic biomarkers for the discrimination of benign and malignant thyroid nodules and to find a combination of biomarkers with the highest diagnostic value. Materials and methods: mRNA expression levels of eight candidate marker genes- BIRC5, CCND1, CDH1, CITED1, DPP4, LGALS3, MET and TFF3 was measured by real-time RT-PCR in paired nodular and surrounding normal thyroid tissue specimens of 105 consecutive patients undergoing thyroid surgery and compared between different types of thyroid lesions. Results: Significant differences in the mRNA expression levels between the normal and malignant thyroid tissues and between benign and malignant nodules were found for BIRC5, CCND1, CITED1, DPP4, LGALS3, MET and TFF3, but not CDH1. On a single gene basis, relative quantity (RQ) of LGALS3 had the highest diagnostic value for the
Growth Hormone Treatment in Children with Short Stature Born Small for Gestational Age: 5-Year Results of a Randomized, Double-Blind, Dose-Response Trial

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The growth-promoting effect of continuous GH treatment was evaluated over 5 yr in 79 children with short stature (height SD score, less than Ϫ1.88) born small for gestational age (SGA; birth length SD score, less than Ϫ1.88).Patients were randomly and blindly assigned to 1 of 2 GH dosage groups (3 vs. 6 IU/m 2 body surface⅐day).GH deficiency was not an exclusion criterium.After 5 yr of GH treatment almost every child had reached a height well within the normal range for healthy Dutch children and in the range of their target height SD score.Only in children who remained prepubertal during the study period was the 5-yr increase in height SD score (HSDS) for chronological age significantly higher in the study group receiving 6 com-
Kelvin-Helmholtz instability and formation of viscous solitons on highly viscous liquids

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Viscous solitons are strongly non-linear surface deformations generated by\nblowing wind over a liquid beyond a critical viscosity. Their shape and\ndynamics result from a balance between wind drag, surface tension and viscous\ndissipation in the liquid. We investigate here the influence of the liquid\nviscosity in their generation and propagation. Experiments are carried out\nusing silicon oils, covering a wide range of kinematic viscosities $\\nu_\\ell$\nbetween 20 and 5000~mm$^2$~s$^{-1}$. \\modif{We show that, for $\\nu_\\ell>\n200$~mm$^2$~s$^{-1}$, viscous solitons are sub-critically generated from an\nunstable initial wave train at small fetch, where the wind shear stress is\nlarger. The properties of this initial wave train are those expected from\nMiles's theory of the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability of a highly viscous fluid\nsheared by a turbulent wind: the critical friction velocity and critical\nwavelength are independent of $\\nu_\\ell$, and the phase velocity decreases as\n$\\nu_\\ell^{-1}$.} We demonstrate the subcritical nature of the transition to\nviscous solitons by triggering them using a wavemaker for a wind velocity below\nthe natural threshold. Finally, we analyze the flow field induced by a viscous\nsoliton, and show that it is well described by a two-dimensional Stokeslet\nsingularity in the far field. The resulting viscous drag implies a propagation\nvelocity with a logarithmic correction in liquid depth, in good agreement with\nour measurements.\n
[Metabolic studies of the cancerous kidney under hypothermia].

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Ropinirole, 4-[2-(dipropylamino)ethyl]-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one, is a potent anti-Parkinson’s disease drug developed by SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals. Capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) was used for the determination of the dissociation constants of ropinirole and five structurally related impurities, potentially formed during its synthesis and for separation and quantification of these substances. The dissociation constants obtained from the CZE measurements were confirmed by UV spectrophotometry for some of the test compounds, obtaining a good agreement between the values. Careful optimization of the running buffer composition permitted base-line resolution of the six compounds in a borate buffer containing acetonitrile and magnesium sulfate (a 100 mM borate buffer containing 30 mM MgSO4 and 20 vol.% of acetonitrile). It was shown that CZE can determine the level of these impurities, down to a level of 0.05% of the main component within 15 min.
Using of Celery (Apium graveolens L) for Lowering Obesity of Experimental Rats

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Effect of using celery (Apium graveolens L) for lowering obesity of experimental rats was performed through feeding study using normal and obese rats.Meals used were replaced with 2.5 and 5% celery leaves and seeds powder.The received results showed that: final weight and the efficiency of using feed of the infected rats (positive control) fed on meals replaced with celery leaves and seeds powder were higher than those of the obese ones and rats fed on standard meal (negative control).In addition, significant differences in weight of liver, kidney, pancreas, heart and spleen to body weight in obese rats fed on meals replaced with celery powder were recorded.Furthermore, the triglycerides found in the bloodstream of rats infected with obesity and fed on meals replaced with celery leaves and seeds powder at 5% level was lower than that of (control positive) at the beginning of the experiment period.There was a significant increase in the level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL) for groups of rats fed on meals replaced with celery leaves and seeds powder at the level of 2.5% and 5% compared with positive control, where significant decrease was recorded in (LDL) level in obese rats fed on meals replaced with celery leaves and seeds powder at the levels of 2.5% and 5% compared to positive control.Obese rats fed on meals replaced with 2.5% and 5% of celery powder were characterized by a high improvement in the level of liver enzymes activity (ALT, AST) compared to the control groups.The greatest increment in insulin was found in the group of rat infected with obese which fed on meals replaced with 2.5% and 5% celery powder compared to the control one (positive infected). MATERIALS AND METHODS 1.Materials: 1. Celery (Apium graveolens L.) leaves and seeds:were obtained from the Laboratory of
Synthesis and Characterization of Telmisartan‐Derived Cell Death Modulators to Circumvent Imatinib Resistance in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract New strategies to eradicate cancer stem cells in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) include a combination of imatinib with peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) ligands. Recently, we identified the partial PPARγ agonist telmisartan as effective sensitizer of resistant K562 CML cells to imatinib treatment. Here, the importance of the heterocyclic core on the cell death‐modulating effects of the telmisartan‐derived lead 4′‐((2‐propyl‐1 H ‐benzo[ d ]imidazol‐1‐yl)methyl)‐[1,1′‐biphenyl]‐2‐carboxylic acid ( 3 b ) was investigated. Inspired by the pharmacodynamics of HYL‐6d and the selective PPARγ ligand VSP‐51, the benzimidazole was replaced by a carbazole or an indole core. The results indicate no correlation between PPARγ activation and sensitization of resistant CML cells to imatinib. The 2‐COOH derivatives of the carbazoles or indoles achieved low activity at PPARγ, while the benzimidazoles showed 60‐100 % activation. Among the 2‐CO 2 CH 3 derivatives, only the ester of the lead ( 2 b ) slightly activated PPARγ. Sensitizing effects were further observed for this non‐cytotoxic 2 b (80 % cell death), and to a lesser extent for the lead 3 b or the 5‐Br‐substituted ester of the benzimidazoles ( 5 b ).
Invariant percolation properties in random isotropic systems of conductive discorectangles on a plane: From disks to sticks

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Recently, some eccentricity-invariant properties of random, isotropic, two-dimensional (2D) systems of conductive ellipses have been reported [Phys. Rev. B \bf{104}, 184205 (2021)]. Moreover, the authors suggested that this invariance might also be observed in systems with other particle geometries having zero-width sticks as the limiting case. To check this suggestion, we studied 2D random systems of isotropically-placed, overlapping, identical discorectangles (stadia) with aspect ratios ranging from 1 (disks) to $\infty$ (zero-width sticks). We analyzed the effect of the aspect ratio and the number density of conductive discorectangles on the behavior of the electrical conductivity, the local conductivity exponent, and the current-carrying backbone. Our own computer simulations demonstrate that some of the properties of random, isotropic 2D systems of conductive discorectangles are insensitive to the aspect ratios of the particles.
The role of CDCP1 (CUB domain-containing protein 1) and ADAM12 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 12) in ovarian cancer.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Ovarian cancer (OC) is the second most common gynecological cancer and the deadliest in industrialized countries, with poor outcomes that indicate an urgent need to provide a greater insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying OC. Insights into the complex tumor microenviroment show that besides tumor islets, OC biomarkers can derive from newly formed blood vessels that have endothelial cells with a different molecular signature in comparison with their normal counterparts. In this view, recent research has been able to highlight promising candidates such as CDCP1 and ADAM12. Our present review summarises their implications in cancer progression with a focus on OC.
THE COMPOSITE OPERATOR (CJT) FORMALISM IN THE (λφ4 + ηφ6)D=3 MODEL AT FINITE TEMPERATURE

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We discuss the three-dimensional λφ 4 +ηφ 6 theory in the context of the 1/N expansion at finite temperature. We use the method of the composite operator (CJT) for summing a large set of Feynman graphs. We analyze the behavior of the thermal square mass and the thermal coupling constant in the low and high temperature limits. The existence of the tricritical point at some temperature is found using this method.
Industrial heritage in Rio de Janeiro´s docklands area: a proposal for conservation and reuse

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This paper aims to discuss the conservation of industrial structures that are unoccupied or under-occupied in the Docklands Area of Rio de Janeiro and that constitute examples of great cultural value, not only for their building system and aesthetic qualities but for the very construction of cultural significance in the urban history of the city. As the main argument, we sustain deactivated warehouses occupation might be relevant to Rio's industrial heritage conservation. Investigating successful experiences in Brazil and abroad, this research examines the possible reuse of old industrial buildings in the Docklands Area based on the theories of Henri Lefebvre and Michel de Certeau on the 'practiced place' adopting, in parallel, the concepts of Beatriz Kühl on the restoration and reuse of industrial heritage. The proposal is that such warehouses should be rehabilitated and occupied by artistic groups formed in the neighbourhoods so that they become appropriated by the local users of the area.
Experimental Study on a Medium Consistency Pump

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

An experimental testing rig is built to study the performance of a centrifugal pump used in medium consistency technology (MC technology). Pump performances are tested in different pulp concentration, degas pressure differential, and tip clearance ratio. The results show that in medium concentration, pump head and efficiency decreases with increase of pulp concentration. There is a critical concentration above which pump performance drops. Gas separation effect is influenced by the pressure differential over the degas system and the air content in the pulp suspension. In high concentration and small tip clearance conditions, friction loss increases a great deal and results in an efficiency reduction.
Removal of ammonia nitrogen from wastewater using activated carbon prepared from waste tyres

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract In this work, the removal of ammonia nitrogen (NH4-N) on activated carbon prepared from waste tyres was conducted in batch studies as a function of adsorbent dosage, pH, temperature, contact time and initial concentration. The pore structure of activated carbon was characterized by N2 adsorption. The optimal conditions for the efficient adsorption of ammonia nitrogen onto waste tyre-activated carbon were found to be an adsorbent dosage of 0.4 g/L, pH 9.0, temperature of 20 °C, contact time of 90 min and initial ammonium nitrogen concentration of 50 mg/L. The kinetics studies showed that the pseudo-second-order model offered the best connection of the adsorption data. The Langmuir model was found to provide the best fit for the experimental data. The thermodynamic results showed that the adsorption of ammonia onto waste tyre-activated carbon was exothermic, random and spontaneous in nature.