jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Main current data science and artificial intelligence advancements and challenges

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Data Science and Artificial Intelligence play a major role in the nowadays fourth industrial revolution of Robotics, Artificial Intelligence and big Data. The purpose of this editorial is to identify the progress, the trends, the open problems and challenges of these research fields in a comprehensive way, so that an overview is provided that would help researchers and practitioners in their research and development orientations. A lot of research and development efforts since many years have brought Data Science and Artificial Intelligence in a good shape and level of maturity. These technologies have proved to be realizable in a wide range of real world applications with considerable success. Although the analytical theories they are based on are not all in mature level, however, their black box implementations have been very promising so far with real improvements in real world systems performance and usability. At this stage of development such an emergent revolution in all aspects of life demands a careful thinking to discriminate hype from real achievements. This is the major goal of this editorial, to start such a discussion since hype has been a serious obstacle, many times at the past, for real technological advancements. Filtering hype and revealing reality in these fields requires much effort and extensive studies in all application fields and it is not possible within this editorial. We plan more publications in depth regarding this issue. This editorial should be considered only as a first small step towards this goal. Starting from current major trends of Data Science and aspects of Artificial Intelligence
Expansion and evolution of the R programming language

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Change in language use is driven by cultural forces; it is unclear whether that extends to programming languages. They are designed to be used by humans, but interaction with computer hardware rather than a human audience may limit opportunities for evolution of the lexicon of used terms. I tested this in R, an open source, mature and commonly used programming language for statistical computing. In corpus of 360,321 GitHub repositories published between 2014 and 2021, I extracted 168,857,044 function calls to act as n-grams of the R language. Over the eight-year period, R rapidly diversified and underwent substantial lexical change, driven by increasing popularity of the tidyverse collection of community packages. My results provide evidence that users can influence the evolution of programming languages, with patterns that match those observed in natural languages and reflect genetic evolution. R's evolution may have been driven by increased analytic complexity, driving new users to R, creating both selective pressure for an alternate lexicon and accompanying advective change. The speed and magnitude of this change may have flow-on consequences for the readability and continuity of analytic and scientific inquiries codified in R and similar languages.
Workload and work motivation relationships with nursing performance

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Some provinces in Indonesia have been conducted by the directorate of health care service in 2004 with WHO, as a result that 70,4% of nurses have never had training, 39,8% of nurses at the hospital performed non nursing duties, 47,4% of non essential written duties. No specialized supervision and evaluation of nurses. According to interviews with some nurses in the Purbalingga Regency said the nurses’ workload was high because of the extra work off-duty and the function of a nurse. The objective for knowing the relationship of workload and work motivation with a nurse’s performance. This type of research is quantitative using a descriptive design correlation with a sectional cross. The population in this study is all the nurses in the Kutasari medikal center, the Purbalingga Center, the Kalikajar Center and the Kaligondang medical center in Purbalingga District. The sampling technique used is total sampling that is 33 respondents. Analysis used statistics in the chi square. Statistics in this study consist of frequency workload, work motivation and nurse performance. From the results of data processing, it is found that there is a relationship between workload and nurses' performance with a p-value of 0.017 <0.05. And there’s no connection between work motivation with nurse performance with p-value of 0.422 >0.05. There is a correlation between workload and nurse performance and no correlation between work motivation and nurse performance.
Sufism and Its Most Prominent Men in the Days of the Almorabiteen and the Almohadeen in Andalusia (484-635 AH/1092-1238 AD)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Sufism has political and religious dimensions. It appeared in Andalusian society as an asceticism and away from the luxury of the world and its pleasures, and developed into a thought that believed in which people influenced the Andalusian society. The research we studied : The first topic : Sufism, its definition, its inception, its layers, and the ideas of a muridiyah, and it contains four demands. The first requirement : the definition of Sufism, and in the second requirement : the emergence of Sufism, and in the third requirement : the layers and conditions of Sufism, and in the fourth requirement: the belief and thought of Sufism. As for the second topic : Sufism and its men in Andalusia in the days of the Almorabiteen and the Almohadeen, and there are two demands, the first requirement: Sufism and its most prominent men in the Almorabiteen era, and in the second requirement: Sufism and its most prominent men in the Almohadeen era. The aim of the study was to know the beginnings and development of Sufi thought in a country whose people influenced the preservation of the origins of the Maliki doctrine, and the scientific method was in accordance with the historical research method and its tools of presentation, analysis and description of events and linking them to a scientific method punctuated by a conclusion in some events
Continuous Contour Mapping in Sensor Networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

A contour map is a useful data representation schema that can be used for monitoring tasks involving wireless sensor networks . This paper reports the development of an algorithm (CCM) for continuous contour mapping that is more energy-efficient than straightforward spatial or temporal suppression algorithms. A subset of contour nodes is chosen to report to the sink, such that no significant contour information is lost. Experiments are reported showing that, depending on node density, our algorithm provides an average reduction of 60% on the total amount of report data, compared to the baseline spatial suppression algorithm. This reduction is achieved while at the same time maintaining accuracy with respect to the monitored source.
Multiethnic Cities in North America

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The growing Hispanic and Asian populations in most major North American cities have drastically transformed the urban demographic landscape to become racially and ethnically diversified. We review literature on multiethnic cities by focusing on three important aspects of urban structures and processes: racial and ethnic residential patterns, ethnic businesses, and the performance of racial and ethnic groups in the labor market. Although the literature has identified many factors that shape these urban structures and processes, our discussion specifically focuses on the effects of multigroup contexts on urban structures and processes. We focus and compare four major racial and ethnic groups: whites, blacks, Hispanics, and Asians. Specific ethnic subgroups of all four groups are also discussed.
Vigna unguiculata CIAT4898

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Plant Genetic Resource.
Taxonomy: Vigna unguiculata
Common name(s): forages
Conserved by: Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT), Colombia
Local sample unique identifier: CIAT4898
Method of creation: Acquisition
Date: 1984-09-30
Other identifiers: n/a,028/079-01, n/a,ILCA-12756, n/a,K-079-A
Historical: No
Biological status: Wild
MLS status: Included
Decoupling risk taking from income stream uncertainty: a holistic model of risk

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This paper builds and tests a holistic model of risk in organizations. Using structural equations modeling, we disaggregated risk into two distinct components, managerial risk taking and income stream uncertainty, or organizational risk. This allowed us to identify an array of organizational and environmental antecedents that have either been examined in isolation or neglected in previous studies about risk. Our results suggest that both organizational and environmental factors promote risk taking. Further, we found strong support for behavioral theory of the firm and agency theory on risk but not upper echelons theory. Our data also suggest that environmental characteristics have a negligible direct effect on organizational risk. Instead, the environment’s impact on risk occurs primarily through managerial choices. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An Innovation Management Approach for Electric Vertical Take-Off and Landing

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

With more companies entering the realm of electric vertical take-off and landing (eVTOL) and governments enacting policies to support the development of low-altitude economies, the commercial potential of eVTOL is being recognized by the public. However, true commercialization is still a long way off. This article analyzes the technologies, product features, potential markets, and government policies related to eVTOL and constructs a four-stage, four-layer Policy–Technology Roadmap (P-TRM) model to guide the R&D process of eVTOL. Then, it is transformed into a system structural model, and the Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) method is used to identify several key nodes in the R&D process. Utilizing the Technology Adoption Life Cycle (TALC) theory for interpretation and analysis, the article concludes by proposing strategies in product, technology, and policy support for how eVTOL can successfully cross the chasm. This preliminary analysis of the development path, key nodes, and necessary measures for crossing the chasm provides insights for the R&D and commercialization of eVTOL.
Contribution to systematics of neotropical speciesPhaenocarpaFoerster (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Alysiinae) with description of three new species

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Phaenocarpa Foerster is a large cosmopolitan genus within the Alysiini with 14 species recognized for the Neotropical region. In Brazil, four species have been reported (P. hyalina, P. cratomorpha, P. pericarpa and P. atlantica). This paper provides the description of three new species (P. brasiliensis spec. nov., P. perimorpha spec. nov. and P. transversa spec. nov.), the description of the female of P. atlantica Arouca & Penteado-Dias, 2004 Arouca, R G, Penteado-Dias, A M and Achterberg, C van. 2004. A new species of Phaenocarpa Foerster (Hymenoptera, Braconidae: Alysiinae) from Brazil. Zool Med Leiden, 78(5): 123–130. [Google Scholar] and the distribution of genus in Brazil, mainly in Atlantic Forest. Resumo Phaenocarpa Foerster é um gênero cosmopolita pertencente à tribo Alysiini com quatorze espécies neotropicais descritas, das quais quatro são citadas para o Brasil (P. hyalina, P. cratomorpha, P. pericarpa and P. atlantica). Este artigo traz a descrição de três novas espécies (P. brasiliensis spec. nov., P. perimorpha spec. nov. and P. transversa spec. nov.), a descrição da fêmea de P. atlantica Arouca & Penteado-Dias, 2004 Arouca, R G, Penteado-Dias, A M and Achterberg, C van. 2004. A new species of Phaenocarpa Foerster (Hymenoptera, Braconidae: Alysiinae) from Brazil. Zool Med Leiden, 78(5): 123–130. [Google Scholar] e a distribuição do gênero no Brasil, principalmente na Mata Atlântica.
Automorphism towers of general linear groups

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Let G0, be a group, G 1 be the automorphism group of G0, G2 the automorphism group of G1 etc. The sequence of these groups together with the natural homomorphisms πi,i+1 : Gi → Gi+1, which take each element to the inner automorphism it induces, is called the automorphism tower of G 0. If πi,i+1 is an isomorphism for some i then the automorphism tower of G is said to terminate. For a given group it is in general not easy to say whether its automorphism tower terminates. Wielandt showed in 1939 that if G is finite with a trivial center then the automorphism tower of G will terminate in a finite number of steps. Since then, some sporadic examples of automorphism towers of finite groups have been described but no general results have been proven. In this thesis we study automorphism towers of finite groups with a non-trivial center. We look at the two extremes: (1) Groups which are center-rich. (2) Groups which have a small but non-trivial center. We show that when looking for an infinite family of groups with terminating automorphism towers the first case is unfeasible. We then turn our attention to the latter case, specifically general linear groups of dimension at least two. In odd characteristic GL(2, q) is not a split extension of the center. The first thing we do is to calculate the automorphism group of GL(2, q) for odd prime powers q. We provide explicit generators and describe the structure of Aut(GL(2, q)) in terms of well-known groups. In this case, the first automorphism group in the tower is a subdirect product of two characteristic factors. This structure is propagated through the tower and we use it to reduce the problem to studying subgroups of automorphism groups of smaller groups. We then use this structure to compute examples of automorphism towers of GL(2, q).
Image_1_Connective Tissue Growth Factor From Periosteal Tartrate Acid Phosphatase-Positive Monocytes Direct Skeletal Stem Cell Renewal and Fate During Bone Healing.JPEG

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<p>The periosteum is critical for bone healing. Studies have shown that the periosteum contains periosteal stem cells (PSCs) with multidirectional differentiation potential and self-renewal ability. PSCs are activated in early fracture healing and are committed to the chondrocyte lineage, which is the basis of callus formation. However, the mechanism by which PSCs are activated and committed to chondrocytes in bone regeneration remains unclear. Here, we show that tartrate acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive monocytes secrete CTGF to activate PSCs during bone regeneration. The loss function of TRAP-positive monocytes identifies their specific role during bone healing. Then, the secreted CTGF promotes endochondral ossification and activates PSCs in mouse bone fracture models. The secreted CTGF enhances PSC renewal by upregulating the expression of multiple pluripotent genes. CTGF upregulates c-Jun expression through αVβ5 integrin. Then, c-Jun transcription activates the transcription of the pluripotent genes Sox2, Oct4, and Nanog. Simultaneously, CTGF also activates the transcription and phosphorylation of Smad3 through αVβ5 integrin, which is the central gene in chondrogenesis. Our study indicates that TRAP-positive monocyte-derived CTGF promotes bone healing by activating PSCs and directing lineage commitment and that targeting PSCs may be an effective strategy for preventing bone non-union.</p>
Do Synbiotics and Postbiotics Improve Treatment Outcomes in Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis Beyond Standard Care?: A Systematic Review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) poses significant therapeutic challenges with limited treatment options and poor outcomes. Synbiotics (probiotics + prebiotics) and postbiotics (metabolites from probiotic fermentation) represent emerging microbiome-modulating interventions that could potentially improve treatment responses. This systematic review aimed to assess evidence for synbiotics or postbiotics as interventions for MDR-TB treatment outcomes. Methods A comprehensive systematic search was conducted across 12 biomedical databases using an enhanced MCP (Model Context Protocol) integrated literature search system. Search strategy included terms for MDR/XDR-TB combined with synbiotics/postbiotics/microbiome interventions. Selection criteria: human MDR-TB patients, synbiotic/postbiotic interventions, treatment outcome measures. Two independent reviewers performed screening with consensus resolution. Results From 145 records collected through enhanced MCP searching, 125 underwent title/abstract screening after deduplication. After methodological quality assessment, ZERO (0) studies met inclusion criteria. While extensive MDR-TB literature was identified (n=125), no studies specifically investigated synbiotics or postbiotics as treatment interventions for MDR-TB patients. Conclusions This systematic review identifies a significant evidence gap: no studies currently exist examining synbiotics or postbiotics for MDR-TB treatment outcomes despite growing interest in microbiome-based therapeutics. This finding underscores the need for clinical trials investigating microbiome-modulating interventions like synbiotics and postbiotics as adjunct therapies for MDR-TB. Keywords Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, synbiotics, postbiotics, microbiome therapeutics, systematic review, evidence gap.
Multixenobiotic resistance (MXR) inhibition and interactive toxic effects of the cationic surfactant, benzalkonium chloride, in embryonic medaka (Oryzias latipes)

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Contaminated environments represent a challenge to resident species. Organisms must possess underlying mechanisms of resistance to protect against a broad range of environmental insults. One mechanism likely conferring resistance is expression of low substrate specificity membrane efflux transporters termed multixenobiotic resistance (MXR). MXR transporters confer resistance by preventing toxics from entering into cells and also by expelling potentially cyto- and genotoxic metabolites. Chemicals known as chemosensitizers, which can inhibit MXR function thus represent a threat to aquatic organisms. This study used embryos of medaka (Oryzias latipes) to measure MXR activity and inhibition through a dye exclusion assay. This assay was used to investigate the chemosensitizing potential of the emerging contaminant, benzalkonium chloride (BAC), representative of a class of quaternary ammonium compounds, which are high production volume cationic surfactants. BAC was found to be a potent inhibitor of MXR at high concentrations in early life stage medaka. BAC was also determined to be developmental toxicant as evidenced by the occurrence of morphological deficits in medaka fry in a long term developmental toxicity test. Most interestingly, there was a greater than additive toxic effect when embryos were co-exposed to BAC and the common organic contaminant, benzo[a]pyrene. As an environmentally relevant source of BAC and other contaminants, chlorinated effluent was also assessed and found to both inhibit MXR and be embryotoxic. These results highlight the need to further investigate the mechanisms of BAC induced toxicity. This study is among the first to demonstrate sub-lethal effects of this important group of widely used chemicals which may have significant ecological consequence to aquatic organisms by enhancing the toxicity of co-occurring contaminants.
AN ULTRA-WIDEBAND ANTENNA WITH BAND REJECT CAPABILITY AND ITS CHARACTERIZATION IN TIME DOMAIN

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this paper a square monopole antenna has been proposed which can be used for Ultra Wideband applications. Band- notch performance is introduced by an E-shaped slot on the patch. The dimensions are optimized to give not only the usual 3{10GHz bandwidth with rejection in the 5{6GHz band which is commonly used for WLAN, but also short received pulse duration when transmitted and received using a pair of these antennas. The demonstration of short received pulse-width is the primary novelty reported. The performance is verifled by time domain measurements, in addition to the usual antenna characterization.
The Influence of Artificial Intelligence in Chatbots and Website Personalization on Customer Engagement with User Experience as an Intervening Variable

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This study examines the influence of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in chatbots and websitepersonalization on customer engagement, with user experience serving as a mediatingvariable. The integration of AI in digital platforms has revolutionized how businessesinteract with their customers by providing more efficient and customized services.AI-powered chatbots enable instant communication, addressing customer inquiries andissuespromptly, while website personalization tailors content, design, andrecommendations to individual user preferences, enhancing relevance and satisfaction.Adopting a quantitative research approach, this study evaluates the direct effects of theseAI-driven tools on customer engagement and investigates the mediating role of userexperience.The results reveal that AI-enabled chatbots and personalized websites significantlycontribute to improved customer engagement. Additionally, user experience acts as acritical intermediary, amplifying the effectiveness of these technologies in fostering deepercustomer connections. The study underscores the importance of seamless and intuitive userexperiences in maximizing the benefits of AI-based innovations. These findings providevaluable insights for businesses looking to leverage AI to enhance their digital strategies,improve customer satisfaction, and drive engagement. This research contributes to thegrowing body of knowledge on AI in digital marketing and its implications for buildingstronger customer relationships.
Multi-Robot Movement Design Using the Number of Communication Links

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents the design of dispersion movement and concentration movement for a multi-robot team to search for targets in an unknown environment. The goal of the dispersion movement is for the multi-robot team to spread out as widely as possible and explore any unknown targets without breaking the communication links among these robots. The movement direction is made based on only minimal available communication data. After one of the team members finding a target, other robots are commanded by the concentration algorithm to move to the same target location to, for example, retrieve the explored target or transport the target cooperatively. The only information used for designing the movement algorithms is the number of robots within the communication range of the robot. The proposed algorithms have been extensively tested by the simulation study. The simulation results demonstrate the feasibility and fast convergence of the proposed algorithms in several typical scenarios presented in this paper. Potential applications of the proposed algorithms include rescue in a damaged area, planetary exploration, military reconnaissance, and geophysical mapping.