jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Analysis of a multivariate granger causality index with embedded dimension reduction with respect to its impact on network module structure

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The presentation slides for a talk I gave at the conference "23. Deutsches EEG/EP Mapping Meeting" (2014, Giessen/ Schloss Rauischholzhausen). I gave a related presentation at the conference "2014 36th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)" (2014, Chicago). More details can be found in: C. Schmidt, B. Pester, M. Nagarajan, H. Witte, L. Leistritz, and A. Wismueller, “Impact of multivariate granger causality analyses with embedded dimension reduction on network modules,” 2014 36th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC), pp. 2797–2800, Mar. 2014, http://doi.org/10.1109/EMBC.2014.6944204. Pester,B.,Leistritz,L.,Witte,H.,Wismueller,A., 2013. "Exploring Effective Connectivity by a Granger Causality Approach with Embedded Dimension Reduction". Biomed Tech 58, 1.
Changing patterns of human immunodeficiency virus-associated neuropathology

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

This paper describes the evolution of the pathogenic concepts associated with the infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), with emphasis to the pathology of the nervous system. Although the first description of damage to the nervous system in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) only appeared in 1982, the dramatic diffusion of the epidemic worldwide, as well as the invariably rapidly fatal outcome of the disease before the introduction of efficient treatment, generated from the beginning an enormous amount of research and re-thinking on a number of pathogenetic concepts. Less than 25 years after the first autopsy series on AIDS patients were published and the virus responsible for AIDS was identified, satisfactory definition and classification of a number of neuropathological complications of HIV infection have been established. This has led to the establishment of accurate clinical and biological diagnosis of the main neurological complications of the disease, which remain a major cause of disability and death in patients. Clinical and experimental studies have provided essential insight into the pathogenesis of CNS lesions and the natural history of the disorder. The relatively recent introduction of effective antiretroviral therapy in 1995-6 dramatically improved the course of prognosis of HIV disease. However, there remain a number of unsolved pathogenetic issues, the most puzzling of which remains the precise mechanism of neuronal damage underlying the specific HIV-related cognitive disorder (HIV-dementia). In addition, although antiretroviral therapy has changed the course of neurological complications, new issues have emerged, such as the lack of improvement or even paradoxical deterioration of the neurological status in treated patients. Interpretation of these complications remains largely speculative, partly because of the small number of neuropathological studies related to the beneficial consequence of this treatment.
Flying Smartphones: Automated Flight Enabled by Consumer Electronics

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Consumer-grade technology seen in cameras and phones has led to the price-performance ratio falling dramatically over the last decade. We are seeing a similar trend in robots that leverage this technology. A recent development is the interest of companies such as Google, Apple, and Qualcomm in high-end communication devices equipped with such sensors as cameras and inertial measurement units (IMUs) and with significant computational capability. Google, for instance, is developing a customized phone equipped with conventional as well as depth cameras. This article explores the potential for the rapid integration of inexpensive consumer-grade electronics with the off-the-shelf robotics technology for automation in homes and offices. We describe how standard hardware platforms (robots, processors, and smartphones) can be integrated through simple software architecture to build autonomous quadrotors that can navigate and map unknown, indoor environments. We show how the quadrotor can be stabilized and controlled to achieve autonomous flight and the generation of three-dimensional (3-D) maps for exploring and mapping indoor buildings with application to smart homes, search and rescue, and architecture. This opens up the possibility for any consumer to take a commercially available robot platform and a smartphone and automate the process of creating a 3-D map of his/her home or office.
Letter by Ozair et al Regarding Article, “The Upcoming Epidemic of Heart Failure in South Asia”

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This is a non-final version of an article published in final form in [Letter by Ozair et al Regarding Article, "The Upcoming Epidemic of Heart Failure in South Asia". Circulation: Heart Failure. <br><br>Deposited by shareyourpaper.org and openaccessbutton.org. We've taken reasonable steps to ensure this content doesn't violate copyright. However, if you think it does you can request a takedown by emailing help@openaccessbutton.org.
Dental Students with Hepatitis B e Antigen: A Survey of Canadian Dental Schools.

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUD: Health care workers who are e-antigen-positive carriers of hepatitis B virus have become a significant focus of concern in the development of public health policy. In cases of needle-stick injury, the risk of transmission of HBV has been estimated at 60-fold greater if the carrier is positive for e antigen than if the carrier does not have the e antigen. Debate continues regarding proposed public health policies to restrict e-antigen-positive health care workers from performing "exposure-prone procedures". Given the potentially greater risk of disease transmission to patients and the potential career implications for infected students, dental schools must responsibly address the issue of dental students and dental school applicants who have the hepatitis B e antigen. This paper reviews the controversies surrounding this issue and reports a survey of Canadian dental schools.
The Chemistry of Dark Clouds: New Astrochemical Tools for Star Formation Studies

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The past decade has led to significant improvements in our understanding of the physical structure of the molecular cores of cold dark clouds. Observational efforts, in combination with improved knowledge of cloud structure, now provide clear evidence that the chemistry of dark clouds is dominated by the depletion of gaseous species onto grain surfaces. We outline the basis of these observational efforts and show how the abundance determinations have moved beyond single point analyses to the derivation of abundance profiles. We discuss the basic physics of the interaction between molecules and grain surfaces and show that when physics is coupled into a chemical model there is excellent agreement, for a limited set of species, between theory and observations. We discuss our improved understanding of cloud chemistry can be used as a new tool for studies of the formation of stars and planetary systems.
Financial Sophistication in the Older Population

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper examines data on financial sophistication among the U.S. older population, using a special-purpose module implemented in the Health and Retirement Study.We show that financial sophistication is deficient for older respondents (aged 55+).Specifically, many in this group lack a basic grasp of asset pricing, risk diversification, portfolio choice, and investment fees.Subpopulations with particular deficits include women, the least educated, persons over the age of 75, and non-Whites.In view of the fact that people are increasingly being asked to take on responsibility for their own retirement security, such lack of knowledge can have serious implications.
GC-MS Analysis of the Essential Oil from WildStachys pubescensTen. Leaves from Northwest Iran

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The essential oil of Stachys pubescens Ten. leaves growing wild in northwest Iran was examined by GC and GC-MS methods. The yield of total volatiles was 0.06 % (v/w). In all, 17 compounds representing 93.1 % of the oil were identified. The main components of the oil were thymol (35.5 %), linalool (23.7 %) and geraniol (9.0 %). The oil was rich in monoterpenoids, and among them oxygenated monoterpenes (81.0 %) predominated over monoterpene hydrocarbons (9.6%). Comparison of these results with those from previous studies show large differences, suggesting significant environmental influences on oil composition.
Assembly of the Caenorhabditis elegans gut microbiota from diverse soil microbial environments

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract It is now well accepted that the gut microbiota contributes to our health. However, what determines the microbiota composition is still unclear. Whereas it might be expected that the intestinal niche would be dominant in shaping the microbiota, studies in vertebrates have repeatedly demonstrated dominant effects of external factors such as host diet and environmental microbial diversity. Hypothesizing that genetic variation may interfere with discerning contributions of host factors, we turned to Caenorhabditis elegans as a new model, offering the ability to work with genetically homogenous populations. Deep sequencing of 16S rDNA was used to characterize the (previously unknown) worm gut microbiota as assembled from diverse produce-enriched soil environments under laboratory conditions. Comparisons of worm microbiotas with those in their soil environment revealed that worm microbiotas resembled each other even when assembled from different microbial environments, and enabled defining a shared core gut microbiota. Community analyses indicated that species assortment in the worm gut was non-random and that assembly rules differed from those in their soil habitat, pointing at the importance of competitive interactions between gut-residing taxa. The data presented fills a gap in C. elegans biology. Furthermore, our results demonstrate a dominant contribution of the host niche in shaping the gut microbiota.
Does physical learning environment matter? Effects after the move to a new campus on the perception of the quality of studies

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The present study examined the effects of a move to a new physical learning environment – Belval Campus – on the students’ satisfaction with the course program in psychology. It was hypothesized that the move to a new and modern University campus with better study facilities increases course climate, learning promotion, and skill acquisition. Participants were 538 undergraduate students who completed the Bachelor Evaluation Questionnaire, which assessed the perceived quality of the course program as well as five infrastructure and equipment aspects of the new campus. Findings show that students were more satisfied with the classrooms, the capacity of the rooms, and the library facilities, but there was no increase in perceived course climate, learning promotion, and skill acquisition of the students after 6 months nor after 18 months from the move. The implications of these findings for the need to change physical learning environments are discussed and recommendations for the design of learning environments are presented.
A recent-biased clustering algorithm of data stream

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Previous data stream clustering algorithms not only computational speed is slow, but also data element of data stream is treated equally. In this paper, a recent-biased clustering algorithm of data stream based on tilted-time window is proposed. First, the algorithm segments sliding window equal in length to form no overlap data blocks. Then extract feature of every data block through Haar wavelet transform, and preserve detail feature of recent data by varying number of wavelet coefficients of data block, namely more recent data block, more wavelet coefficient preserved, and vice versa. Finally, by applying recent-biased distance of data stream, implements the recent-biased clustering algorithm of data stream based on tilted-time window. Remarkably faster computational speed and higher efficient have been achieved by this algorithm. The simulation results validate the efficiency of our algorithm.
Optimization in Cardiovascular Modeling

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Fluid mechanics plays a key role in the development, progression, and treatment of cardiovascular disease. Advances in imaging methods and patient-specific modeling now reveal increasingly detailed information about blood flow patterns in health and disease. Building on these tools, there is now an opportunity to couple blood flow simulation with optimization algorithms to improve the design of surgeries and devices, incorporating more information about the flow physics in the design process to augment current medical knowledge. In doing so, a major challenge is the need for efficient optimization tools that are appropriate for unsteady fluid mechanics problems, particularly for the optimization of complex patient-specific models in the presence of uncertainty. This article reviews the state of the art in optimization tools for virtual surgery, device design, and model parameter identification in cardiovascular flow and mechanobiology applications. In particular, it reviews trade-offs between traditional gradient-based methods and derivative-free approaches, as well as the need to incorporate uncertainties. Key future challenges are outlined, which extend to the incorporation of biological response and the customization of surgeries and devices for individual patients.
Determining Tournament Payout Structures for Daily Fantasy Sports

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

With an exploding global market and the recent introduction of online cash prize tournaments, fantasy sports contests are quickly becoming a central part of the social gaming and sports industries. For sports fans and online media companies, fantasy sports contests are an opportunity for large financial gains. However, they present a host of technical challenges that arise from the complexities involved in running a web-scale, prize driven fantasy sports platform. We initiate the study of these challenges by examining one concrete problem in particular: how to algorithmically generate contest payout structures that are 1) economically motivating and appealing to contestants and 2) reasonably structured and succinctly representable. We formalize this problem and present a general two-staged approach for producing satisfying payout structures given constraints on contest size, entry fee, prize bucketing, etc. We then propose and evaluate several potential algorithms for solving the payout problem efficiently, including methods based on dynamic programming, integer programming, and heuristic techniques. Experimental results show that a carefully designed heuristic scales very well, even to contests with over 100,000 prize winners. Our approach extends beyond fantasy sports -- it is suitable for generating engaging payout structures for any contest with a large number of entrants and a large number of prize winners, including other massive online games, poker tournaments, and real-life sports tournaments.
Environmental Enrichment, Stress, and Immune Response to HSV-1 Infection in C57BL/6 Mice

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Environmental enrichment (EE) is being introduced at increasing levels into laboratory animal programs and is being applied to species (e.g. rodents) other than non-human primates, for which it is currently required by law. However, there has yet to be sufficient objective data regarding the impact of EE on various psychological and physiological parameters. The studies described herein investigated the effect of EE on the immune response to and pathogenicity of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection in both groupand single-housed mice. C57BL/6 male mice were intranasally infected with HSV-1. Levels of serum corticosterone (CORT) were determined in EE and non-enriched (NE) mice that were either groupor single-housed, both preand post-HSV-1 infection. HSV-specific CD8+ T cell number and function was evaluated at 7 days post-infection. We determined that, at least in our model, EE did not have a significant effect on the levels of serum CORT in either singleor group-housed mice. However, the impact of EE on the number and function of HSV-specific CD8+ T cells varied depending on how the mice were housed and the lymph nodes in which the immune response was assessed. Overall, these studies support the hypothesis that enrichment devices may serve as an additional variable that must still be considered in the design of an experimental study. However, the use of enrichment devices should not be automatically excluded from routine animal husbandry because of the many benefits of providing an animal with an environment which allows them to exhibit speciesspecific behavior. List of acronyms and nonstandard abbreviations used in the manuscript and their definitions: CLN superficial cervical lymph nodes
Asymmetric Allylic Alkylation with Deconjugated Carbonyl Compounds: Direct Vinylogous Umpolung Strategy

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract An atom‐economic and highly efficient vinylogous umpolung strategy is developed for deconjugated carbonyl compounds, which generate electron‐deficient π‐allylpalladium complexes with Pd(OAc) 2 under ligand‐free conditions. In cooperation with a chiral‐phosphonium‐based phase‐transfer catalyst, the asymmetric direct oxidative allylic alkylations of 3‐substituted oxindoles are furnished under O 2 atmosphere. The γ‐ or even remote ϵ‐regioselective alkylation products, with substantial substituents, are delivered with excellent enantioselectivity, and can be further used to access diverse chiral spirocyclic architectures effectively. The Mukaiyama dienol silyl ether can be utilized similarly, indicating that the current active π‐allylpalladium species results from tautomerization of the Pd II ‐dienolate intermediate.
The biological properties of cancer stem cells in malignant gliomas in tissue culture: a review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This review presents recent data on the biological properties of cancer stem cells in brain gliomas. The possibilities of using of experimental methods of cell culture and immunohistochemical identification of tumor stem cells as a part of neurospheres (tumorospheres) are shown. Methodological features of neurospheres culture are described.Literature data about the dependence of neurospheres formation activity in the culture on the degree of anaplasia of original glioma tissues are presented considering the disease outcomes in neuro-oncological patients. Possibilities of the practical use of cultured tumorospheres in the study of selective impact of antiblastic drugs on tumor stem cells in gliomas are described.
Speculative Praxis Towards a Queer Feminist Digital Archive: A Collaborative Research-Creation Project

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This essay, written as a collaborative process document, chronicles some of the challenges of creating digital spaces that can house and encourage trans- feminist and queer affective and cultural archives. Here, we imagine a digital archive that will animate the artistic, cultural, social, political, sexual, knowledge and subject experiments and possibilities opened up, and foreclosed, by a phenomenon like Meow Mix—the Montreal-based cabaret for “bent girls and their buddies”—while foregrounding the ethical and technological contradictions that characterize the digitizing process. Pursuing concerns of labour, preservation, design, and subcultural politics and aesthetics as essential to the digitizing process, we reproduce the interrupted, reflexive flow of this research-creation project.
Efficacy of Disitamab Vedotin in Treating HER2 2+/FISH- Gastric Cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Li Dai,&ast; Xiangren Jin,&ast; Liuxing Wang, Haibin Wang, Zhiqiang Yan, Guanghai Wang, Baichuang Liang, Fu Huang, Yuling Luo, Taichun Chen, Qian Wang Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550001, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Qian Wang, Tel +8615885004333, Email Wangqian118@outlook.comAbstract: Currently, effective therapies for advanced gastric cancer with systemic metastasis are lacking. Pharmacological research has been slowly progressing over the past decades. Here, we report the case of a 56-year-old female with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) expression (IHC 2+/FISH-) in gastric cancer with systemic metastasis. The first-line therapeutic regime consisted of systemic administration of camrelizumab, local arterial infusion of oxaliplatin and arterial embolization, oral apatinib, and PS scheme (oral tegafur-gimeracil-oteracil (S-1) and paclitaxel (PTX), which was administered both intraperitoneally and systemically). After the treatment, a 3-month progression-free survival (PFS) was observed. Due to the occurrence of CTCAE grade 4 adverse reactions, the patient could not tolerate chemotherapy. In the second line of treatment, we replaced the PS scheme with disitamab vedotin and continued the use of carrilizumab and apatinib. After four cycles, efficacy evaluation showed that it was stable disease (SD), only CTCAE 1/2 grade adverse reactions occurred, and endoscopy examination showed local tumor control with a reduction in the ulcer lesion. At the time of submission of the current manuscript, a 6-month PFS was achieved and the treatment was continued. Due to the safety and efficacy of disitamab vedotin observed in our case, we propose that disitamab vedotin could be a promising drug for the treatment of advanced gastric cancer patients with HER2 expression.Keywords: gastric cancer, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, disitamab vedotin