jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Robust Fault Detection

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This research used mixed structured singular value theory to develop new estimator (or observer) based approaches to fault detection for dynamic systems. The initial developments were based on minimizing the H-infinity, I-1 and H2 system norms. The resultant fault detection algorithms were each shown to be successful, but the fault detection algorithm based on the I-1 norm was best able to detect abrupt faults. This latter technique was further improved by using fuzzy logic for the fault evaluation. Based on an anomaly observed in this research and apparently ignored in the literature, current research focuses on the determination of a fault using a norm of the change in the residual (the difference between the output of the system and observer) and not simply a norm of the residual itself. This research may lead to a fundamental contribution to research in fault detection and isolation.
Notes on Various Errors and Jacobian Derivations for SLAM

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper delves into critical concepts and meticulous calculations pertinent to Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM), with a focus on error analysis and Jacobian matrices. We introduce various types of errors commonly encountered in SLAM, including reprojection error, photometric error, relative pose error, and line reprojection error, alongside their mathematical formulations. The fundamental role of error as the discrepancy between observed and predicted values in SLAM optimization is examined, emphasizing non-linear least squares methods for optimization. We provide a detailed analysis of: - Reprojection Error: Including Jacobian calculations for camera poses and map points, highlighting both theoretical underpinnings and practical consequences. - Photometric Error: Addressing errors from image intensity variations, essential for direct method-based SLAM. - Relative Pose Error: Discussing its significance in pose graph optimization, especially in loop closure scenarios. The paper also presents extensive derivations of Jacobian matrices for various SLAM components such as camera poses, map points, and motion parameters. We explore the application of Lie theory to optimize rotation representations and transformations, improving computational efficiency. Specific software implementations are referenced, offering practical insights into the real-world application of these theories in SLAM systems. Additionally, advanced topics such as line reprojection errors and IMU measurement errors are explored, discussing their impact on SLAM accuracy and performance. This comprehensive examination aims to enhance understanding and implementation of error analysis and Jacobian derivation in SLAM, contributing to more accurate and efficient state estimation in complex environments.
LEUKOCYTE REDUCTION FILTERS AND INFUSION DEVICE FOR RED BLOOD CELL TRANSFUSION

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

we studied the influence on blood cells when red blood cells were filtered with leukocyte reduction filters under the midpress-type infusion pump. At regular (5ml/min) and high (20ml/min) flow rates of infusion, red blood cells were filtered with a small delay. Filtered blood cells showed less damaged with regard to red cell morphology. A negligible increase in supernatant hemoglobin concentration was detected in filtered blood products, but no significant increase in supernatant potassium concentration was observed. The number of residual white blood cells after filtration was significantly reduced even at the forced high flow rate of infusion. Our results show that leukocyte reduction filters (Purecell RC and Imugard III-RC) are safely applicable to the midpress-type infusion pump for red blood cell transfusion.
EFL STUDENT’S PROBLEMS WITH PARAGRAPH WRITING AT TAY DO UNIVERSITY, VIETNAM

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This paper studied problems in EFL students’ paragraph writing. The research participants were first-year students of English in Tay Do University (TDU). To achieve the desired aims of the current study, the researcher combined both qualitative and quantitative methods, using questionnaires, interviews, and observations as the main instruments. The researcher used the package of social sciences (SPSS) for analysis. Research results showed that the freshmen at TDU often encountered problems in writing paragraphs. These accounted for grammatical structures, vocabulary, and coherence. Basing on the research results, students could recognize their difficulties when writing and find some new ways to overcome them. It is suggested that teachers should find and update some new teaching methods so as to develop students’ paragraph writing skills. <p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0920/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>
Experimental study on propeller-rudder interaction using Particle Image Velocimetry

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The proposed paper focuses on the hydrodynamics of the propeller-rudder interaction. The hydrodynamic interaction between the hull, the working propeller and the appendages have significant influence on the propulsive efficiency, noise and cavitation induced erosion for a ship. The paper presents the results of a stereoscopic Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) model test experiment for a twin screw ship with and without a rudder. The influence of the propeller-rudder interaction on the flow field has been studied by measuring the flow field aft of the propeller at several planes. The purpose of the measurements was to study the flow field induced by rotating propeller, to reveal interaction effects between the propeller and the rudder located in the propeller slipstream and to study the capabilities and limitations of such PIV-measurements . The measurements have been performed with the ship model and the measurement system fixed to a moving carriage. There is limited experience of towed PIV-measurements for a case like this, as traditionally pitot tubes or PIV-measurements in circulating water tanks have been used. In the paper the measurement setup will be described. Time-averaged and phase-averaged results of the flow field (six blade positions) will be presented. The relevant differences in the flow field with and without the rudder are discussed and the main interaction effects are identified. It is observed that the rudder has a significant upstream influence and affects the operation of the propeller. The results are also discussed from the point of view of practical ship design.
Aaptamine Derivatives with Antifungal and Anti-HIV-1 Activities from the South China Sea Sponge Aaptos aaptos

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Five new alkaloids of aaptamine family, compounds (1–5) and three known derivatives (6–8), have been isolated from the South China Sea sponge Aaptos aaptos. The structures of all compounds were unambiguously elucidated by spectroscopic analyses, as well as by comparison with the literature data. Compounds 1–2 are characterized with triazapyrene lactam skeleton, whereas compounds 4–5 share an imidazole-fused aaptamine moiety. These compounds were evaluated in antifungal and anti-HIV-1 assays. Compounds 3, 7, and 8 showed antifungal activity against six fungi, with MIC values in the range of 4 to 64 μg/mL. Compounds 7–8 exhibited anti-HIV-1 activity, with inhibitory rates of 88.0% and 72.3%, respectively, at a concentration of 10 μM.
Essays on Uncertainty: An Axiomatization and Economic Applications

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This thesis deals with individual decision making under uncertainty and extends standard economic and financial models with risk in order to model attitudes towards ambiguity. Empirical violations of the leading theories of choice have pointed out the relevance of ambiguity on individual choices. Much empirical evidence, inspired by Ellsberg's experiment, shows that people prefer bets whose odds of winning are known, thus suggesting aversion to ambiguity. The relevance of uncertainty is pervasive in economic literature as well as in the real world. Investment decisions and asset pricing, insurance contracts, voting in elections, gambling, buying a car or planning a trip can all be thought as choices under both risk and ambiguity. The aim of this work is normative and descriptive. In the first part of the work, I concentrate on a theoretical model of focused regret as an extension of the classical paradigm of choice theory. From the alternatives in this literature, I focus on the multiple prior model, originally axiomatized by Gilboa and Schmeidler, where ambiguity is formalized as a set of plausible probability distributions to represent agents' beliefs. Then I turn to economic and financial applications and challenge the descriptive power of classical economic models when explaining, for example, asset pricing or insurance contracting. Lastly, the most innovative part of this work is an experimental investigation of the multiple priors model in a financial market, through which I find evidence for both risk and ambiguity to affect individual decision making and asset pricing.
ATP Inhibits the Transcription Factor STAT5b

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Although naturally occurring low‐molecular‐weight compounds have many known roles within the cell, these do not usually involve the direct inhibition of protein–protein interactions. Based on the results of high‐throughput screening of a library of bioactive compounds and neurotransmitters, we report here that the four nucleoside triphosphates ATP, GTP, CTP and UTP inhibit the SH2 domain of the tumor‐related transcription factor STAT5b. ATP and GTP are the most active nucleoside triphosphates and show specificity for STAT5b over STAT5a, STAT3, STAT6 and the p53‐binding protein HDM2. As the inhibition constant of ATP against STAT5b is significantly lower than published values for the intracellular ATP concentration, our data suggest that ATP might inhibit the protein–protein interactions of STAT5b in living cells.
The Lunchroom Politics of Intercourt Relations

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract This chapter examines the effects of interpersonal contact on the propensity of U.S. Courts of Appeals judges to reverse the decisions made by their colleagues on U.S. District Courts. Based on both law and practice, appellate judges rely on their assessments of a trial judge’s quality when deciding whether to affirm or reverse. We suggest interpersonal conduct is one way appellate judges form assessments of a lower court judge’s quality. Relying on a dataset of all published Fourth Amendment search and seizure decisions from 1953 to 2010, this chapter finds that when appellate and trial court judges have frequent interpersonal contact, the effect of ideology on the appellate judge’s decision to reverse is essentially imperceptible. Moreover, neither a trial judge’s formal qualifications nor the ideological character of their decision is associated with the likelihood they are reversed, underscoring the importance of interpersonal contact between judges as an important assessment tool.
P02-240 - Personality Factors Related to Emerge of Stress in University Students

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Objectives The study aimed to investigate relationship among personality dimensions (introversion-extroversion E/I, intuition-sensing N/S, thinking-feeling T/F, perceiving-judging P/J) based on Jungian personality types and stress in university students. Methods 200 students of university were randomly selected and Hogan-Champagne's Personal Style Inventory (PSI) and Coudron's Stress Inventory (CSI) were administered on them. The PSI assesses eight personality dimensions based on Jungian personality types mentioned above. The data were analyzed with Pearson correlation coefficient. Results Findings showed significant positive correlation between introversion and stress and significant negative correlation between extroversion and stress. In addition, more analysis of personality dimensions showed female are more sensing than male and male are more intuition than female. Conclusions In regard to introverted are independently constraints and prodding from situation, culture, people, or things around them, so facing to stress factors interrupt their own world and reduce their function, cause to variability in situation and stress emerge.
Electromagnetic Properties of a Hot and Dense Medium

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We study the properties of an electromagnetically interacting medium in the presence of high concentration of electrons at extremely high temperatures and chemical potentials. We show that the electromagnetic properties of a medium such as the electric permittivity, magnetic permeability, magnetic moments and the propagation speed of electromagnetic waves as well as the corresponding particle processes depend on temperature and density of the medium. Electromagnetic properties of neutrinos are significantly modified due to their interactions with electrons when they propagate through such a medium of hot and dense electrons.
Possible structural phase transition near 210 K of single-phase Bi(Pb)-Sr-Ca-Cu-O superconducting ceramics

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Ultrasonic measurements on 2:2:1:2 and 2:2:2:3 single-phase samples of Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O and BiPb-Sr-Ca-Cu-O have been carried out. It was found for the first time that there is an anomalous structure change near 210 K in these Bi-based superconducting ceramics. Detailed studies revealed that the sudden change in sound attenuation and velocity is an isothermal-like process. Thermal analysis and specific-heat measurements proved that this anomalous change has characteristics of a phase transition. X-ray diffraction experiments showed sudden increases in lattice constants a and c indicating some fine-structure changes during this transition.
IL-27 Directly Restrains Lung Tumorigenicity by Suppressing Cyclooxygenase-2-Mediated Activities

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Gene transfer of IL-27 to tumor cells has been proven to inhibit tumor growth in vivo by antiproliferation, antiangiogenesis, and stimulation of immunoprotection. To investigate the nonimmune mechanism of IL-27 that suppresses lung cancer growth, we have established a single-chain IL-27-transduced murine Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC-1) cell line (LLC-1/scIL-27) to evaluate its tumorigenic potential in vivo. Mice inoculated with LLC/scIL-27 displayed retardation of tumor growth. Production of IL-12, IFN-γ, and cytotoxic T cell activity against LLC-1 was manifest in LLC/scIL-27-injected mice. Of note, LLC-1/scIL-27 exhibited decreased expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and PGE2. On the cellular level, the LLC/scIL-27 transfectants had reduced malignancy, including down-regulation of vimentin expression and reduction of cellular migration and invasion. The suppression of tumorigenesis by IL-27 on lung cancer cells was further confirmed by the treatment with rIL-27 on the murine LLC-1 and human non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) cell lines. PGE2-induced vimentin expression, movement, and invasiveness were also suppressed by the treatment with rIL-27. Our data show that IL-27 not only suppresses expression of COX-2 and PGE2 but also decreases the levels of vimentin and the abilities of cellular migration and invasion. Furthermore, inoculation of LLC/scIL-27 into immunodeficient NOD/SCID mice also exhibited reduced tumor growth. Our data indicate that IL-27-induced nonimmune responses can contribute to significant antitumor effects. Taken together, the results suggest that IL-27 may serve as an effective agent for lung cancer therapy in the future.
Proposal of a Design Principle of Multilayer Media

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

We propose a design principle of stacking-type super-multilayer media in this paper. By the use of an original high-transmittance and high-recording-sensitivity recording material, bismuth–germanium–oxide, the recording layers of a 10-layer super-multilayer disc can be designed using only two types of recording layer. This leads the conventional super-multilayer media structure to a much simpler structure with only two thicknesses of spacer layers while maintaining a satisfactory signal quality on the farthest layer from the incident laser beam, where signal fluctuation due to coherent crosstalk is the strongest. The above design principle will greatly contribute to the reduction of the cost of super-multilayer media.
Self-assembly and charge transport properties of a benzobisthiazole end-capped with dihexyl thienothiophene units

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The synthesis of a new conjugated material is reported; BDHTT–BBT features a central electron-deficient benzobisthiazole capped with two 3,6-dihexyl-thieno[3,2-b]thiophenes. Cyclic voltammetry was used to determine the HOMO (−5.7 eV) and LUMO (−2.9 eV) levels. The solid-state properties of the compound were investigated by X-ray diffraction on single-crystal and thin-film samples. OFETs were constructed with vacuum deposited films of BDHTT–BBT. The films displayed phase transitions over a range of temperatures and the morphology of the films affected the charge transport properties of the films. The maximum hole mobility observed from bottom-contact, top-gate devices was 3 × 10−3 cm2 V−1s−1, with an on/off ratio of 104–105 and a threshold voltage of −42 V. The morphological and self-assembly characteristics versus electronic properties are discussed for future improvement of OFET devices.
Clinical Utility of HIV-1/2 Ab Immunochromatographic Assay as an Additive Test for HIV Screen-Positive Patients.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ICA for anti-HIV Ab screen-positive specimens is helpful for earlier medical decision considering frequent false-positive results on screening. Nonetheless, ICA might be negative in acute HIV syndrome, necessitating p24 Ag assay or NAT with shorter window periods.
Recursion for PoincarÃ© polynomials of subspace arrangements

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

A subspace arrangement A in â<sup>m</sup> is a finite set {x <inf>0</inf>, , x<inf>n</inf> }of vector subspaces. The complement space M(A) is â<sup>m</sup> \\âª<inf>ÎµA</inf>A x. When each subspace is an hyperplane, it is also known as an arrangement of hyperplanes. In that case, it is known that the PoincarÃ© polynomials of M(A) is connected to the PoincarÃ© polynomials of the complements of the deleted arrangement Aâ² = A \\{x<inf>0</inf>} and of the restricted arrangement Aâ³ = {x<inf>0</inf> â© y|y Îµ Aâ²} by the nice formula Poin(M(A),t) = Poin(M(Aâ²),t) + t Poin(M(â³),t). In this paper, we prove that for a subspace arrangement, there is a long exact sequence in cohomology which connects M(A) to M(Aâ²) and M(Aâ³). Using it, we can extend the above formula to arrangements with a geometric lattice, and to some other specific arrangements.
Blocked emergency syringe

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Following a number of letters that have appeared concerning the value, or␣otherwise, of ‘bespoke’ prefilled emergency syringes (Webster et al. Anaesthesia 2001; 56: 818–20, Rayen & Rasanayagam. Anaesthesia 2001; 56: 711–12, Wikner & Tighe. Anaesthesia 2001; 56:␣712), I would like to draw attention to one definite failing of employing them. During a cardiac arrest on an Intensive Care Unit, a situation arose in which an item as ‘simple’ as a syringe, failed. A patient required an epinephrine bolus and from the Emergency Drug Box was taken an unopened box containing a prefilled syringe of epinephrine (Martindale Pharmaceuticals). The box was opened, the cap removed [1], and the syringe was applied to one of the Kimal Clave valves that had been␣used with great success on the Intensive Care Unit. However, it was found that the plunger could not be depressed. Subsequently the syringe was attached to a standard ‘three-way’ tap. Sadly, again the plunger could not be depressed, and so the syringe was replaced with another, which worked correctly. Once the incident was over, I found the syringe in question and it appeared to have a blocked nozzle, which no amount of manual pressure was able to dislodge. There was no subsequent problem with the Clave valves reported, although at the time we did not suspect␣that there would be, so it was not specifically looked for. The syringe was sent back to the manufactures for their analysis. In their reply they suggested that the end was blocked with a piece of plastic that ‘may be part of a Kimal Clave valve.’ Subsequent discussion revealed that the syringe was known to be incompatible with the Clave device. I feet it is important not to over dramatise what occurred. No more than a few seconds could have been ‘lost’ as a result of the failure described above, and so it is doubtful that this significantly affected the patient. That said, I think it is important to highlight this incompatibility between prefilled syringes from Martindale and the Kimal Clave valve system.
Rapid Determination of Listeria monocytogenes by Automated Enzyme-Linked Immunoassay and Nonradioactive DNA Probe

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Abstract A rapid and reliable analytical method was developed to detect and confirm the presence of Listeria monocytogenes in raw and partially processed foods. Forty-nine food samples (25 mixed cut vegetable salad, 12 smoked salmon, and 12 sterile smoked salmon) were individually inoculated with high levels [10–100 colony forming units (cfu)/25 g sample] and low levels (1–10 cfu/25 g sample) of L. monocytogenes, and were screened using the Vitek Immuno Diagnostic Assay (VIDAS) Listeria monocytogenes (VIDAS LMO)]. Positive test results were confirmed as L. monocytogenes by nonradioactive DNA probe. All samples inoculated with high levels of L. monocytogenes were detected by VIDAS and 96% were confirmed as L. monocytogenes by DNA probe. VIDAS LMO detected 89% of samples inoculated with low levels of L. monocytogenes, and 87% of these were confirmed as positive by DNA probe. In addition, 12 other samples (4 from each of mixed cut vegetable salad, smoked salmon, and sterile smoked salmon) were inoculated with high levels of L. ivanovii, L. seeligeri, L. welshimeri, L. innocua, L. grayi, and L. murrayi. Samples were assayed by the same protocol and all gave negative results. Compared with the cultural method, the VIDAS LMO nonradioactive DNA probe combination is highly specific, discriminates between L. monocytogenes and all other Listeria species, and reduces analytical time.
A Self Study and Evaluation of the Children's Department of the Orange County Library System

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Orange County, Florida, the home of Disney World, Epcot and other major tourist attractions, is one of the fastest growing urban areas in the United States. The growth is no longer-if it ever was-limited to retirees who have moved south to the warmth of the "Sunshine State." Young families are moving to central Florida, and the number of school-age children in the county has increased dramatically over the past several years. The same is true of Osceola County, a county that Orange serves by contract. In this first of a two-part series, the staff of the Children's Department takes a detailed look at the population they are serving-and will be in the years ahead-and the impact on the library materials collection and readers advisory and reference services. The second part (to appear in the next issue of Public Library Quarterly) will look at programming for children and adults, information gaps, staffing and scheduling, and staff development, performance and evaluation. Goals for the next five years are also discussed.