jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A NOVEL IN VITRO METHOD FOR EVALUATING FORMULATION INTERACTIONS WITH THE CUTANEOUS HYDROLIPIDIC FILM

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

In the development of formulations for cutaneous application, understanding their affinity for the skin is crucial. This affinity is influenced by factors such as the drug partition coefficient, the type of excipients used, and skin composition. The hydrolipidic film, composed of Skin Surface Lipids (SSLs) and sweat, serves as the primary interface between the epidermis and the external environment. SSLs, a mixture of sebaceous and epidermal lipids, are largely determined by sebum composition, which is influenced by oxidative processes induced by microbial activity, UV radiation, and exposure to chemicals and cosmetics. Variations in SSL composition have diagnostic significance in dermatological conditions characterized by altered sebum production, such as pityriasis versicolor, acne, atopic or seborrheic dermatitis, and photoaging. Changes in SSL composition can disrupt the hydrolipidic film, compromising skin barrier integrity. In the formulation development phase, investigating interactions between formulations and the hydrolipidic film is essential to optimize skin contact and enhance drug delivery, particularly for personalized medicine approaches in dermatology. This research aimed to develop an artificial hydrolipidic film replicating human skin conditions to assess the interaction of the formulations with the skin. The first step involved selecting key components for artificial sebum and sweat preparation. The resulting hydrolipidic film was characterized and used as a substrate to evaluate the behavior of commonly used non-ionic surfactants in pharmaceutical formulations. These surfactants were solubilized in aqueous and/or lipophilic solvents at concentrations above their critical micellar concentration. The interaction between formulations and the artificial hydrolipidic film was assessed using contact angle measurements, providing quantitative data on wettability. Results obtained with the artificial model were compared with those from natural skin to validate the method. The ultimate goal of this study was to establish a reproducible and reliable method to reduce experimental testing and predict formulation behavior based on composition, thereby optimizing excipient selection for improved skin compatibility and drug delivery.
Orientations of School Counsellors: An Evaluative and Comparative Study

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract Law's measures of counsellor orientation were administered to a national sample of New Zealand guidance counsellors. Factor analyses revealed a generally similar factor structure to that found by Law. By using factor scores it was possible to show that the New Zealand counsellors had a balanced but slightly open orientation. Data from counsellor responses to hypothetical counselling situations gave further evidence of balance in the New Zealand sample. Few significant relationships were found between relevant counsellor variables and either the factor scores or the responses to situations.
Sleep Quality After Quetiapine Augmentation in Patients With Treatment-Resistant Depression and Personality Disorders

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Purpose/Background Quetiapine is a first-line augmenting agent for treatment-resistant depression (TRD) and is used off-label in insomnia. Quetiapine and its active metabolite norquetiapine act mostly on 5-HT 2A , 5-HT 2C , H 1 , and D 2 as antagonists and on 5-HT 1A as partial agonists. Patients with TRD often have comorbid personality disorder (PD), and evidence suggests an association between sleep disturbance and recovery among patients with PD. Here, we aimed to evaluate the effects of quetiapine on sleep in TRD patients with and without PD (PD+/PD−). Methods/Procedures We reviewed health records of 38 patients with TRD (20 TRD/PD+) who had been treated with a pharmacotherapy regimen including quetiapine. Clinical outcomes were determined by comparing changes in sleep items of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale at the beginning (T0) and after 3 months of an unchanged treatment (T3). Findings/Results Patients with TRD/PD+ and TRD/PD− taking quetiapine showed significant improvement in sleep items from T0 to T3 ( P < 0.001, η p 2 ≥ 0.19). There was a significant personality × time interaction for sleep-maintenance insomnia ( P = 0.006, η p 2 = 0.23), with TRD/PD+ showing a greater improvement at T3 compared with TRD/PD− ( P = 0.01). While exploring other sleep items, no personality × time interaction was found. In the TRD/PD− group, improvement in sleep items was associated with an overall improvement in depressive symptoms ( r = 0.55, P = 0.02). Implications/Conclusions Quetiapine induced greater improvements in sleep-maintenance insomnia among TRD/PD+ patients than TRD/PD−. These findings suggest quetiapine could have a therapeutic role for insomnia in PD underscoring a distinct underlying neurobiological mechanism of sleep disturbance in people living with PD.
Investigation of the medium composition for PCR-SSCP analysis of the HLA-DQA gene region.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

PCR-SSCP分析を用いてHLA-DQA型の検出を試みた. 95%ホルムアミドのコンホメーション液と10%グリセリンを用いた原法では見かけの分子量の小さなDNA断片が現れた. 著者らは10%グリセリン, 10%ホルムアミドと5%ショ糖を用いてコンホメーション液とゲル組成液の条件を統一化した電気泳動を行った. その結果, 10%ホルムアミドの場合, 見かけの分子量の小さなDNAは依然出現し, 5%ショ糖を用いるとDQA型の0101と0102の区別はできず, 10%グリセリンによってすべての型判定は可能になった.
Variants in autophagy genes MTMR12 and FAM134A are putative modifiers of the hepatic phenotype in α1-antitrypsin deficiency

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Background and Aims: In the classical form of α1-antitrypsin deficiency, a misfolded variant α1-antitrypsin Z accumulates in the endoplasmic reticulum of liver cells and causes liver cell injury by gain-of-function proteotoxicity in a sub-group of affected homozygotes but relatively little is known about putative modifiers. Here, we carried out genomic sequencing in a uniquely affected family with an index case of liver failure and 2 homozygous siblings with minimal or no liver disease. Their sequences were compared to sequences in well-characterized cohorts of homozygotes with or without liver disease, and then candidate sequence variants were tested for changes in the kinetics of α1-antitrypsin variant Z degradation in iPS-derived hepatocyte-like cells derived from the affected siblings themselves. Approach and Results: Specific variants in autophagy genes MTMR12 and FAM134A could each accelerate the degradation of α1-antitrypsin variant Z in cells from the index patient, but both MTMR12 and FAM134A variants were needed to slow the degradation of α1-antitrypsin variant Z in cells from a protected sib, indicating that inheritance of both variants is needed to mediate the pathogenic effects of hepatic proteotoxicity at the cellular level. Analysis of homozygote cohorts showed that multiple patient-specific variants in proteostasis genes are likely to explain liver disease susceptibility at the population level. Conclusions: These results validate the concept that genetic variation in autophagy function can determine susceptibility to liver disease in α1-antitrypsin deficiency and provide evidence that polygenic mechanisms and multiple patient-specific variants are likely needed for proteotoxic pathology.
Opening of the discussion on the Plenary paper by G. Orlando and G. Antonelli

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Journal Article Opening of the discussion on the Plenary paper by G. Orlando and G. Antonelli Get access G.M. BUENO G.M. BUENO National Institute for Agricultural Reform and DevelopmentMadrid, Spain Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar European Review of Agricultural Economics, Volume 8, Issue 2-3, 1981, Pages 247–249, https://doi.org/10.1093/erae/8.2-3.247 Published: 01 September 1981
Personal, socio-economic and psychological characteristics of coconut growers

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The present study to know the personal, socio-economic and psychological characteristics of randomly selected 120 coconut growers from Tiptur, Turuvekere, Chikkanayakanahalli and Sira taluks of Tumkur district was conducted during the year 2022-23. Overall it was found that equal number of coconut growers (42.50 %) were in the old and middle age group respectively, while significant number of coconut growers (37.50 %) were having education upto high school, two-third of coconut growers (69.16 %) were found under the category of medium family size, while two-fifth of coconut growers (40.00 %) came under big farmers category followed by 39.16 per cent under the small farmers category and more than two-fifth of coconut growers (46.66 %) possessed medium level of farming experience. Overall it was found that significant number of coconut growers (44.20 %) belonged to medium category of information seeking behaviour, more than two-fifth of coconut growers (43.33 %) came under medium category of extension participation, two-fifth of coconut growers (40.00 %) belonged to medium category of management orientation. Among the overall coconut growers, it was disclosed that significant number of coconut growers i.e., 46.67 per cent were found equally under the medium category of risk orientation, credit orientation, innovativeness. Overall it was found that slightly more than two-fifth of coconut growers (41.67 %) were having medium level of deferred gratification, significant number of coconut growers (46.67 %) belonged to medium category of scientific orientation and significant number of coconut growers (44.17 %) belonged to medium category of cosmopoliteness.
Biophysical properties of a Hydrofiber ® cover dressing

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Aims: Good exudate management needs to be maximised for both the wound and the patient to ensure wound healing can take place in a timely manner. The in vitro studies in this article evaluate a new Hydrofiber ® cover dressing (HCD) for both its exudate management and biophysical properties (e.g. cellular adhesion and contouring to uneven wound surfaces). Methods: These included measuring fluid absorption and retention, the conformability of dressings to a simulated wound surface, measurements of fluid lateral spread, dressing bioadhesion and interactions with wound fibroblasts that were set into a collagen gel matrix. Results: Although the majority of the foam dressings absorbed more fluid than the corresponding new HCD, when placed under pressure the ability to retain fluid was far greater with the HCD showing fluid retention in excess of 90%. Similar results were shown for the lateral spread of fluid. Not all the dressings showed complete conformability to the simulated wound surface due to the more ‘rigid’ structure of the foam dressings. The results for the bioadhesion and gel contraction studies showed the importance of combining absorption properties of foams with Hydrofiber ® Technology by showing less bioadhesion (p<0.001) and being less detrimental to fibroblast contraction and viability (p<0.001). Conclusions: These studies highlight the need to choose the most appropriate wound dressing, which not only provides the best possible exudate management, but also subjects the wound to the least number of interventions that might interfere with the repair process. Conflict of interest: Mike Walker, Sharon Lam, and Dave Pritchard are all employees of ConvaTec Ltd.
An Exploration into Consumer Motives on Buying Mobile Phone: A Case of Kinondoni Municipality, Dar es Salaam

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This study examined consumer motives on purchasing mobile phones in Kinondoni municipality. Based on theoretical and empirical literature review various motive where identified which includes: properties referred to core function of mobile phone, Condition which basically covered events i.e. theft and sales promotion, reference groups and post purchase experience on consumer buying of mobile phone. The study employed a holistic explanatory case study research design where participants visited two mobile shops (VODA and SUMSUNG) located at Mwenge within Kinondoni municipal were selected at random. Data analysis was done using figures, tabulation, comparison and strong explanation building. Key findings of the study revealed that forces on one hand and individuals around consumers on the other, induce and influence cell phone evaluation, selection and ultimate purchase. It was also revealed that consumers learn from their past purchases and change behaviour accordingly. Following the key findings, it is therefore recommended that manufacturers and advertising agents should study, understand and address motives consumers seek in their products other than bare functions of their products perform in the market. Must also make sure that their products are performing to consumer expectations at the very first time they a market. It is important that businesses follow up after purchase evaluations.
Camera models for the wright patterson air force base (WPAFB) 2009 wide-area motion imagery (WAMI) data set

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This article provides an introduction to the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) Wright Patterson Air Force Base (WPAFB) 2009 wide area image data set. The data set is useful for those doing research on projection, tracking, georegistration, and other image-related activities. The data set includes raw images, pose data, and projected images. For users that would like to project the data, a camera model and calibration are provided here. The camera model and calibration developed here provide a significant improvement over the projected images included with the data.
Coupling Enhancement and Giant Rabi-Splitting in Large Arrays of Tunable Plexcitonic Substrates

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Advances in active manipulation of light at the nanoscale are rapidly emerging with the concept of plexcitonic coupling at the interface between plasmonics nanostructures and excitonic molecules. In this work, we devise a simple fabrication scheme to produce and optimize large area tunable plasmonic substrates for strong plasmon-exciton interactions. By tuning the diameter of the nanoholes using a simple plasma etching process, we demonstrate the potential of our approach to deliver tunable plasmonic substrates. Thus, large enhancements of fluorescence and Raman scattering could be measured. Moreover, hybridized states appearing in the presence of excitonic molecules (RG6) give rise to anticrossing behaviors in extinction spectroscopy, a phenomenon also known as Rabi-splitting. The results demonstrate the great potential of our large nanofabricated arrays as plexcitonic substrates for numerous applications, including sensors, light harvesters, and all-optical switches.
Design features of a high-frequency EMI filter in the frequency range 9 kHz – 100 MHz

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

At the present stage of development of energy-efficient technologies – pulsed devices and systems for amplifying information signals and converting electrical energy, the problem of electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) of information and computing technology and radio-electronic equipment (REE) is becoming more and more acute. One of the most pressing EMC problems is caused by the presence of conducted electromagnetic interference (EMI) traveling along wires. This problem is eliminated by using EMI filters, which localize EMI at the place of its occurrence. Further development of functional REE (sensitivity, expansion of the frequency range by tens of thousands of times) requires the development of design theory, new design principles to meet new requirements for the EMI filters. The article discusses the development of EMI filter with overlapping frequency range 9 kHz – 100 MHz (eleven thousand times) with EMI attenuation of 50–60 dB on a domestic electronic component. Achieving this goal required new principles for designing EMI filter: development of new principles for the synthesis of structural-parametric electrical equivalent circuits of inductors and capacitors in EMI filter; study of the stability of the "filter-converter" system, caused by the negative real component of the complex input impedance of a pulsed voltage converter with negative feedback. A methodology for designing a broadband PDF with an overlap of the protected frequency range from EMI by eleven thousand times (9 kHz – 100 MHz) has been developed. The developed EMI filter with a frequency range of 9 kHz – 100 MHz is used in new radio navigation systems. The proposed methodology for designing EMI filters and methods for creating behavioral models of capacitors and inductors will be expanded to other groups of capacitors and inductors.
The Moral Parameters of Violence: The Case of the Provisional IRA

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Over three decades, the Provisional Irish Republican Army waged a campaign of violence that claimed the lives of some two thousand people. This article explores the moral framework by which the IRA sought to legitimate its campaign—how it was derived and how it functioned. On the one hand, the IRA relied on a legalist set of political principles, grounded in a particular reading of Irish history. An interlinked, yet discrete strand of legitimation stressed the iniquities of the Northern Irish state as experienced by Catholic nationalists, especially in the period 1968–1972. These parallel threads were interwoven to build a powerful argument that justified a resort to what the IRA termed its “armed struggle.” Yet the IRA recognized that the parameters for war were set not simply by reference to ideology but also by a reading of what might be acceptable to those identified as “the people” or “the community.” Violence was subject to an undeclared process of negotiation with multiple audiences, which served to constitute the boundaries of the permissible. Often, these red lines were revealed only at the point of transgression, but they were no less important for being intangible. An examination of the moral parameters for IRA violence provides a new perspective on the group, helping to explain IRA resilience but also its ultimate weakness and decline.
Functional binding dynamics relevant to the evolution of zoonotic spillovers in endemic and emergent Betacoronavirus strains

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Comparative functional analysis of the dynamic interactions between various Betacoronavirus mutant strains and broadly utilized target proteins such as ACE2 and CD26, is crucial for a more complete understanding of zoonotic spillovers of viruses that cause diseases such as COVID-19. Here, we employ machine learning to replicated sets of nanosecond scale GPU accelerated molecular dynamics simulations to statistically compare and classify atom motions of these target proteins in both the presence and absence of different endemic and emergent strains of the viral receptor binding domain (RBD) of the S spike glycoprotein. A multi-agent classifier successfully identified functional binding dynamics that are evolutionarily conserved from bat CoV-HKU4 to human endemic/emergent strains. Conserved dynamics regions of ACE2 involve both the N-terminal helices, as well as a region of more transient dynamics encompassing residues K353, Q325 and a novel motif AAQPFLL 386-92 that appears to coordinate their dynamic interactions with the viral RBD at N501. We also demonstrate that the functional evolution of Betacoronavirus zoonotic spillovers involving ACE2 interaction dynamics are likely pre-adapted from two precise and stable binding sites involving the viral bat progenitor strain's interaction with CD26 at SAMLI 291-5 and SS 333-334. Our analyses further indicate that the human endemic strains hCoV-HKU1 and hCoV-OC43 have evolved more stable N-terminal helix interactions through enhancement of an interfacing loop region on the viral RBD, whereas the highly transmissible SARS-CoV-2 variants (B.1.1.7, B.1.351 and P.1) have evolved more stable viral binding via more focused interactions between the viral N501 and ACE2 K353 alone.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
Rift Valley Fever Virus Transmission During an Unreported Outbreak Among People and Livestock in South-Central Tanzania

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a re-emerging vector-borne zoonotic disease that causes outbreaks in humans and animals across Africa. To better understand RVF at human–animal interfaces, a prospective longitudinal survey of people, livestock, and mosquitoes was conducted from 2016 to 2018, in two regions of Tanzania, with distinct climatic zones (Iringa and Morogoro). Molecular and serological tools for testing (RT-qPCR and IgM/IgG ELISA) for RVF virus (RVFV) were used to assess infection and exposure in people and animals. Mosquitoes were collected quarterly from 10 sentinel locations. In total, 1385 acutely febrile humans, 4449 livestock, and 3463 mosquito pools were tested. In humans, IgM seroprevalence was 3.75% (n = 52/1385), and overall seroprevalence (IgM and/or IgG positive) was 8.30% (n = 115/1385). People from Iringa had a higher exposure risk than those from Morogoro (aOR 2.63), and livestock owners had an increased risk compared to non-owners (aOR 2.51). In livestock, IgM seroprevalence was 1.09%, while overall seroprevalence was 10.11%. A total of 68.4% of herds had at least one seropositive animal. Sentinel animal follow-up revealed that the probability of seroconversion was significantly higher in Morogoro. Low-level RVFV RNA was detected in 8 human and 22 mosquito pools. These findings indicate active transmission among vectors, livestock, and people during the study period, highlighting the need for One Health surveillance approaches for RVFV and other arboviruses.
An assessment of stakeholder participation in monitoring and evaluation of district assembly projects and programmes in the Savelugu-Nanton Municipality Assembly, Ghana

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Participatory Monitoring and Evaluation (PM&E) of projects and programmes promotes greater transparency and accountability in development governance. Some studies revealed that participation in Metropolitan, Municipal and District Assemblies in monitoring and evaluation (M&E) is low. This study adopted a case study approach. A sample of 196 people participated in the study. The study revealed that stakeholder participation in M&E of projects and programmes was high among the Municipal Planning and Co-ordinating Unit (MPCU) members and the District Assembly members but low at the Zonal Council and community levels. This has impacted negatively on the transparency, accountability and the sustenance of projects and programmes. The study concludes that stakeholders were rarely involved in M&E of projects and programmes due to lack of concerted effort by the MPCU for grass root stakeholder participation and poor attitude on the part of community level stakeholders in M&E of projects and programmes. The MPCU and the Assembly members' involvement were appreciably high whereas the Unit committee, the community and the Zonal councils' involvement were low. The study recommends that the District Assembly through the MPCU should establish strategies such as increased engagement of the substructures in the planning, implementation, monitoring and evaluation process, creating an enabling environment for the substructures to set their own targets, support them to meet the targets and build their capacities to report regularly to communities under them and to the Municipal Assembly. The Municipal Assembly should partner with the Sub-structures to embark on community sensitization on participatory monitoring and evaluation of projects and programmes.Keywords: Participatory Monitoring and Evaluation, Stakeholders, Community Participation, Projects, Programmes, Savelugu-Nanton