jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Maternal Education and Complementary Feeding

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This study indicates the possible association between maternal education and the complementary feeding practices among representative sample of Pakistani mothers and their infants. The research team claims this sample as representativ e one, as the population of Islamabad is a heterogeneous group of people settled in Federal capital. Mothers of five hundred infants, age ranging from 6-12 month, visiting for immunization and various minor ailments were selected through convenience sampling technique from the Outpatient department of Paediatrics at Federal Government Services Hospital, Islamabad,. The data was collected by the researchers with the help of a pre-tested questionnaire, Tabulated and analyzed to find out possible association between mother's education and the prevalent complementary feeding practices. A positive relationship was found between the nutritional status of infants and educational status of mothers (P<0.001). The study revealed that the majority of Pakistani infants falling in various degrees of malnutrition belonged to the uneducated mothers. Similar relationship was observed between the educational status of respondents and the introduction of complementary foods at an appropriate age (six months) of infant s (P<0.001 It was noted that a high percentage of respondents (34.8%) who introduced complementary foods to their infants at six months age belonged to educated class. Similarly educated Pakistani mothers were more aware of the appropriate frequency of complementary feeding in every age group The study concludes that mother's education play a vital role in increasing receptivity to nutritional requirements of their infants and improved complementary feeding practices.
Regional public university chief marketing officers' perceptions of best practices for addressing the enrolment cliff

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Higher education institutions rely on student enrolments to generate revenue through tuition and fees. The next decade will bring a significant enrolment drop for many institutions because of several factors, including birth-rate declines and demographic shifts. The projected enrolment decline has been called the enrolment cliff due to the impact on colleges and universities that will face a major revenue loss if enrolments decline as predicted. This case study explores chief marketing officers' perceptions of best practices at regional public universities that must be addressed to utilise marketing to help mitigate the enrolment cliff.
Knowing Want I Want

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

As it is silly to ask somebody,‘How do you know you are in pain?’ it is equally \nfoolish to ask, ‘How do you know that you want to go to the movies?’ \nVendler, Res Cogitans \nKnowing that one wants to go to the movies is an example of self-knowledge, knowledge \nof one’s mental states. It may be foolish to ask the man on the Clapham Omnibus how he \nknows what he wants, but the question is nonetheless important — albeit neglected by \nepistemologists. This paper attempts an answer.
Clinical Practice

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract: Drug conjugates have been studied extensively in preclinical in vitro and in vivo models but to date only a few compounds have progressed to the clinical setting. This situation is now changing with the publication of studies demonstrating a significant impact on clinical practice and highlighting the potential of this new class of targeted therapies. This review summarizes the pharmacological and molecular background of the main drug conjugation systems, namely antibody drug conjugates (ADCs), immunotoxins and immunoliposomes. All these compounds combine the specific targeting moiety of an antibody or similar construct with the efficacy of a toxic drug. The aim of this strategy is to target tumor cells specifically while sparing normal tissue, thus resulting in high efficacy and low toxicity. Recently, several strategies have been investigated in phase I clinical trials and some have entered phase III clinical development. This review provides a detailed overview of various strategies and critically discusses the most relevant achievements. Examples of the most advanced compounds include T-DM1 and brentuximab vedotin. However, additional promising strategies such as immunotoxins and immunoliposmes are already in clinical development. In summary, targeted drug delivery by drug conjugates is a new emerging class of anti-cancer therapy that may play a major role in the future.
The Construction of Reputation in a Negotiation

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Although reputation is claimed to be a potential source of power in a negotiation, it is one of the most under researched aspects of the bargaining process. This paper extends current understanding of reputation in negotiation by presenting a model that explains the construction process of reputation in the negotiation context. We review extant research before presenting our model of reputation. The model shows the influence of both the actions of the negotiator before and during the negotiation to create a reputation that is formed by the perceptions of the other party and potentially transmitted to a network. A discussion of future research is presented.
Interspecies bacterial horizontal gene transfer of NDM-1 plasmid in biofilm and planktonic cultures

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

blaNDM-1 gene encodes for the New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase-1 (NDM-1), a type of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) that is responsible for multi-drug resistance. Since its discovery in 2009, it has been detected in nosocomial pathogens like Klebsiella pneumoniea and Pseudomonas aeruginosa from clinical isolates worldwide. Most bacteria exist as biofilms to enhance survival through interspecies interaction, one of which is horizontal gene transfer (HGT). The objective of this study is to investigate factors that affect interspecies HGT of blaNDM-1 plasmids and observe HGT in biofilm in through epifluorescence microscopy. HGT assays were done using clinical isolates of E. coli, K. pneumoniae and C. amalonaticus as donors while E.coli J53was used as recipient. It was discovered that temperature had a significant impact on HGT efficiency in K. pneumoniae and it was also the least efficient at disseminating blaNDM-1. To visualize HGT in biofilm, the donor P.aeruginosa PAO1 tagged with two fluorescent proteins (GFP and RFP) was cultivated with naturally competent P. stutzeri in static biofilm systems. HGT was not observed between P.aeruginosa and P. stutzeri due to indiscernibly low RFP expression which highlighted several parameters that need to be optimized in visualizing HGT in situ.
O‐GlcNAc Transferase Deficiency Exacerbates Metabolic Defects in the Failing Heart

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma coactivator‐1alpha (PGC‐1α) is a transcriptional activator of many metabolic genes, especially those used in the metabolism of fatty acids. Within the failing heart, a metabolic shift occurs from utilizing mainly fatty acids to relying more on glycolysis. Concurrent with this shift is a reduction in the expression of PGC‐1α and an increase in the glucose‐derived, metabolic post‐translational modification O‐GlcNAc. We hypothesized that O‐GlcNAc signaling would play a role in the control of PGC‐1α during this metabolic change. We subjected wild‐type mice to coronary ligation (HF) or sham. After five days both PGC‐1α and PGC‐1 α levels were significantly reduced (p<0.05) and O‐GlcNAc levels significantly elevated (p<0.05). Using the MerCreMer transgene system coupled with a loxP‐flanked OGT mouse, a cardiomyocyte specific OGT 'KO' was made. After tamoxifen induction, cardiac OGT and O‐GlcNAc levels were significantly reduced (p<0.05) in the transgenic (Tg) group. NTg and Tg mice underwent HF or sham surgery and tissues were harvested after 5 days. Following HF, Tg mice exhibited a greater reduction in PGC levels (figure A, p>0.05) than their NTg counterparts. We conclude that ablation of OGT exacerbates the suppression of PGC‐1α in the failing heart. Funded by the NIH and American Heart Association.
Current Research on the Structure and Function of the Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone Receptor

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Growth hormone releasing hormone receptor (GHRH-R) is a family B1 G-protein coupled receptor found predominantly on pituitary somatotrophs.In the adults it is required for the normal synthesis and release of growth hormone (GH) from the pituitary.During development it is required for the normal proliferation and maturation of somatotrophs within the pituitary.Mutations of this receptor in mouse and man are associated with GH deficiency, short stature and pituitary hypoplasia.This signaling system plays important roles in growth and development, metabolism of muscle and fat, and is implicated in the regulation of cardiac and immune function, wound healing, tumor growth and the aging process.Current areas of active research discussed here include: studiesof the structure of the receptor binding site and its interaction with GHRH, alternative splice variants of the GHRH-R which appear to promote tumor proliferation, truncated receptor isoforms that act as dominant negative inhibitors of wild type receptor, and the unclear physiologic role of the GHRH system in birds and fishes.(
Commentary: The nature of cancer research

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Cancer research reflects an implicit conflict. On the one hand, there is an overwhelming desire to control the disease. We all wish that. On the other hand, we would like to understand why cancer follows so many clearly defined yet puzzling patterns. Why is there such regularity in the rates of progression? Why do different tissues vary so much? There should, of course, be no conflict between control and understanding. But the history of cancer research seems to say that those different goals remain oddly estranged. Peto's 1977 article locates the seeds of this conflict most clearly. He describes what is still the most powerful theoretical perspective for analyzing the causes of cancer. He presents many key unsolved puzzles within that context. He also says why most cancer researchers are not interested in these fundamental issues. The subsequent decades of research grew around this rift, blindly, in the way that research disciplines often grow. Let us revisit Peto, almost 40 years ago. We can learn much about the current nature of cancer research.
International Journal of Applied Econometrics and Quantitative Studies Vol.5-1 (2008) THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN WAGES AND PRODUCTIVITY: TAR UNIT ROOT AND TAR COINTEGRATION APPROACH

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

We analyzed the relationship between wages and productivity in 1990- 2007 period in Turkey. At the first stage we followed the traditional unit root tests and apply the analysis followed by unit root test procedure proposed by Caner and Hansen (2001). Then we discussed the long run nonlinear relationship between wages and productivity by employing the TAR cointegration analysis developed by Hansen and Seo (2002). JEL Classification: C32, J31
Cryptococcal Cellulitis in a Diabetic with Nephropathy on Adalimumab Therapy for Rheumatoid Arthritis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Cutaneousinfection with Cryptococcus neoformans is rare but can occur in the setting ofrheumatoid arthritis due to immunosuppression. Risk factors include chronickidney disease and use of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) inhibitoradalimumab. We report the fourth case of primary cutaneous cryptococcosis (PCC)in a diabetic female more than 60 years old living in rural Northwest Tennesseeand taking adalimumab for rheumatoid arthritis. In a literature review ofexisting cases, this is the second case involving simultaneous chronic kidneydisease and the first case in a diabetic and following extended TNF-α inhibitorimmunosuppression monotherapy. Physicians should consider cryptococcalinfection in a patient who develops cellulitis that is unresponsive to empirictherapy. In addition, it is imperative to monitor rheumatoid arthritis patientstaking adalimumab closely and consider alternative agents in those withpre-existing immunosuppression or known risk factors for opportunisticinfections as primary prevention.&amp;nbsp;
GPS Army Research and Applications

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The NAVigation Satellite Timing and Ranging (NAVSTAR) Global Positioning System (GPS) is a tool used to support military and civil needs for positioning, navigation and precise timing. The civil needs for positioning, navigation and precise timing. The U.S. Army Topographic Engineering Center (TEC) is studying tactical and civil applications of GPS to Army missions. For the tactical Army, TEC is investigating GPS for use as a precise surveying tool and for accurate use of azimuth. The integration of GPS with an inertial navigation system is also being studied as a potential improvement for tactical navigation and positioning. For the civil missions of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), TEC is investigating the application of Differential GPS (DGPS) to photogrammetry and hydrographic surveying needs. Code-phase DGPS and Carrier-phase DGPS are being studied with the goal of achieving real-time accuracies of 1-3 meters and .1 meter with the respective approaches.
Authority, Power and Policy in the USSR: Essays Dedicated to Leonard Schapiro

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Journal Article Authority, Power and Policy in the USSR: Essays Dedicated to Leonard Schapiro Get access Authority, Power and Policy in the USSR: Essays Dedicated to Leonard Schapiro. Edited by T. H. Rigby, Archie Brown and Peter Reddaway. London: Macmillan, 1981. 207 pp.£15.00. M. C. Chapman M. C. Chapman 1University of Hull Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar International Affairs, Volume 58, Issue 1, Winter 1981, Pages 154–155, https://doi.org/10.2307/2618320 Published: 01 January 1981
Studying the Kinetics of the Alkaline Processing of Boron Production Wastes under Different Conditions

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The kinetics are studied of topochemical reactions of the formation of calcium hydrosilicate in a multicomponent aqueous system consisting of waste products of boric acid production. The waste products include silicon dioxide and calcium sulfate in equal molar fractions, an alkali metal hydroxide in a stoichiometric ratio to the molar content of calcium sulfate and silicon oxide for obtaining hydrosilicate calcium, and the volume of water calculated to obtain a solution of alkali metal sulfate with a concentration below saturation. Data are obtained on the kinetics of the formation of calcium hydrosilicates in different modes of processing (normal conditions with constant stirring; ultrasonic action at a temperature of 20°C; microwave exposure with constant stirring at a temperature of 95°C; and autoclaving at a temperature of 220°C). It is found that the fastest reaction rate is characteristic of microwave treatment, and the largest proportion of reacted alkali metal hydroxide is obtained during autoclave treatment.
Simulation-Based Performance Analysis Of Wireless Routing Protocols For Smart Metering Applications

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

There is a growing interest for smart metering applications in wireless environment recently. Wireless smart meter devices are easy to use solutions for recording energy consumption and report back the amount to the utility on a daily basis. This kind of usage of smart meter devices can be considered as a special subset of wireless sensor networks (WSN). The communication protocol used in smart meter networks has to be fast, reliable and secure. The challenge in developing such a protocol is the difficulty to debug software on multiple wireless nodes at the same time. This difficulty highlights the importance of the simulation-based approach. The most laborious part of the wireless communication is the routing protocol in the network layer when it comes to implementation. In this paper different wireless communication routing protocols are compared by simulation including naive Flooding, Gradient-Based Routing (GBR) and Directed Diffusion (DD). The simulation results show that GBR and DD have a superior performance over flooding as expected, and that GBR and DD has similar efficiency in a smart metering application. Since GBR is easier to implement it is the recommended solution for routing in a smart metering network.
Progression of treatment on AL amyloidosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Immunoglobulin light chain amyloidosis (AL) is a systematic disease caused by clonal plasma cells that produce misfolded light chains,which deposit in tissues and organs.Patients often have a poor prognosis.The main treatments are chemotherapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.This article will review the progresses of treatments in recent years.
Nd:YAG laser irradiation effect on apical intracanal dentin - a microleakage and SEM evaluation

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Nd:YAG) laser irradiation on intracanal dentin surface by SEM analysis and its interference in the apical seal of filled canals. After endodontic treatment procedures, 34 maxillary human incisors were randomly assigned to 2 groups. In the negative control group (n=17), no additional treatment was performed and teeth were filled with vertically condensed gutta-percha; in the laser-treated group (n=17), the root canals were irradiated with Nd:YAG laser (1.5 W, 100 mJ, 15 Hz) before filling as described for the control group. Two specimens of each group were prepared for SEM analysis to evaluate the presence and extent of morphological changes and removal of debris; the other specimens were immersed in 0.5% methylene blue dye (pH 7.2) for 24 h for evaluation of the linear dye leakage at the apical third. SEM analysis of the laser-treated group showed dentin fusion and resolidification without smear layer or debris. The Student's t-test showed that the laser-treated group had significantly less leakage in apical third than the control group. Within the limitations of this study, it may be concluded that the morphological changes on the apical intraradicular dentin surface caused by Nd:YAG laser resulted in less linear dye apical leakage.
A Fifteen Year Geological Journey with the IUCN Natural World Heritage Sites: Geoscience Education and the Conservation of Nature

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

As an International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) voluntary reviewer of the natural World Heritage sites nominations focusing on criteria (vii) superlative natural phenomena and (viii) geological history I had the opportunity of evaluating 13 nominations from 12 countries from 2009 - 2022 from the Central Highlands of Sri Lanka to the Vatnajokull National Park Iceland. An early appreciation of the natural history and landscapes were developed as a geologist studying, working and visiting various areas in the USA and Canada. Further experience, as an academic in Sri Lanka and Australia, where I also had the opportunity of various assignments and meetings that afforded field trips and study tours to many World Heritage sites in Asia, Africa, South America and Europe. In this paper, I highlight the following sites that were subject to IUCN World Heritage evaluations and their potential for geo-education: Central Highlands Sri Lanka, China Danxia, Ningaloo Australia, Trang An Vietnam, Lut Desert Iran, Barberton South Africa, Trondek Klondike Canada, Vatnajokull Iceland, Classic Karst Slovenia, Sof Omar Ethiopia, Ha Long Bay &ndash; Cat Ba Archipelago, Vietnam and Evaporitic Karst Caves of Northern Apennines, Italy. From these experiences it is apparent that this relevant topic, the conservation of nature, should be an important part of the geoscience&rsquo;s study curriculum along with other social and environmental subjects.
Characterization of Complementary Feeding of Preterm Infants: Kangaroo Care Method Versus Conventional Care

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT In Brazil, the Kangaroo Care Method (KCM) is a public policy that proposes systematic and humanized care for preterm low birth weight infants (LBWI), and one of its pillars is breastfeeding promotion. Therefore, this study aims to compare complementary feeding of LBWI in terms of age of introduction and the type of food offered according to the type of care received—KCM or Conventional Care (CC). A prospective cohort study was conducted from September 2019 to August 2021 at a Brazilian university hospital. A total of 65 LBWI born at the institution weighing 1800 g or less were included. Data were collected during the first week of hospitalization and at 4 and 6 months of corrected age. The median age at food introduction was estimated by survival analysis using the Kaplan–Meier method. The log‐rank test was used to compare the median age at the time of food introduction according to the type of care. Longer exclusive breastfeeding (KCM = 30 days; CC = 0.001, p = 0.002) and continued breastfeeding were observed in KCM preterm infants (KCM = 172 days; CC = 0.001, p = 0.002). The median age at introduction of infant formula (KCM = 38 days; CC = 35 days), water (KCM = 65 days; CC = 46 days), salted porridge (KCM = 139 days; CC = 136 days) and fruits (KCM = 134 days; CC = 136 days) was similar between both types of care received. No ultra‐processed foods were consumed. In conclusion, despite encouraging exclusive and continuous breastfeeding, there was no significant difference in the time of introduction of foods according to the type of care received.
Global Histories of Health and Medicine: The ‘Grey Literature’ Collection at the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This chapter mobilises some of the primary sources (so-called “Grey Literature”) deposited at the Donald Mason Library, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine (LSTM), to showcase the fruitful possibilities of researching the global histories of medicine, health and disease from the late-nineteenth to around the mid-twentieth century. In the next section, we discuss the issue of provenance: how did these primary sources end up in the LSTM? To answer this question, we explore briefly the institutional history of the LSTM and its Donald Mason Library, as well as the general context of the development of “tropical medicine” as a medical specialty in the late-nineteenth century. In tandem, we discuss the historiography of global health and the issues that we need to bear in mind while approaching our primary sources.
Cryptosporidium in Wastewater: Occurrence, Removal and Inactivation

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

This study focused on one pathogen, Cryptosporidium parvum, and its occurrence in wastewater. In order to conduct an occurrence study, it was firstly necessary to develop methods for recovery of Cryptosporidium oocysts from wastewater matrices. Due to the differences in matrix composition from raw sewage to tertiary effluents, different methods for recovery and enumeration of oocysts were developed based on matrix quality.A single method was developed for raw sewage and primary influents; a second method for secondary and tertiary effluents; and a third method for biosolids. These methods were used in a survey of Cryptosporidium occurrence at 10 wastewater plants in the U.S. over a 15-month period. To determine if oocysts found in wastewater samples represented a public health risk, cell culture methods were employed to examine infectivity of recovered oocysts.This title belongs to WERF Research Report SeriesISBN: 9781843397182 (Print)ISBN: 9781780404417 (eBook)