jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Periodontal disease, tooth loss, and the risk of liver cancer: A systematic review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract

Background A number of epidemiological studies have suggested a positive association between periodontal diseases and oro-digestive cancers, including liver cancer. The present systematic review aimed to assess the potential association between periodontitis and/or tooth loss and the risk of liver cancer.Methods A comprehensive search of PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases was conducted in August 2019. The inclusion criteria comprised all observational studies that assessed the relationship between periodontitis or tooth loss and liver cancer. Case reports, animal studies, experimental studies, and reviews were excluded. Due to great heterogeneity among the included studies, no meta-analysis was conducted.Results Seven studies (five prospective cohorts, one cross-sectional, and one case-control) comprising 620,169 subjects (including 994 liver cancer cases) were included. The studies were conducted in the United States, Europe, and Asia. Four studies reported a positive association between periodontitis or tooth loss and the risk of liver cancer. One case-control study found some association between liver cancer and loss of 12-23 teeth, but such association was not replicated in patients with greater number of tooth loss. Contrarily, two studies failed to report any association between periodontitis and/or tooth loss and the risk of liver cancer.Conclusion The available evidence suggests a possible link between tooth loss/periodontitis and the risk of liver cancer. However, the evidence is not conclusive enough, a fact that drives to conduct more, well-designed, prospective cohort studies to further explore the potential association between periodontitis and the risk of liver cancer.
Réforme agraire et révolution dans le Chili d'Allende

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Agrarian Reform and Revolution in Attende's Chile. The article argues that Popular Unity's agrarian policy reflects the limitations and contradictions of its strategy to power. Although Allende's agrarian reform was extensive, drastic and rapidly executed, it nevertheless limited the peasantry's contribution to the revolutionary struggle for power. The article starts by briefly examining the rural legacy left by the Christian Democrat government of Frei to the Popular Unity and presenting the agrarian programme of Allende. It proceeds with an analysis of peasant mobilisation and organisation, focusing on land seizures and peasants councils. Then it studies the organisation and functioning of the expropriated latifundia (reformed sector) and analyses why socialist relations of production failed to develop. Finally it attempts an assessment of Popular Unity's agrarian policy in the light of the failure of the revolutionary forces to capture power and initiate a transition to socialism in Chile.
Regulation and governance of the professions

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This chapter explores the nature of the extensive efforts to reconfigure the regulation of the accounting profession. It illuminates how the state, and in particular its supporting agencies, has engaged in forms of institutional work in its interactions with the accounting profession in order to legitimise and implement radical changes to the profession's governance. The chapter outlines the nature of regulation of the accounting profession and explores the process through which the demise of self-regulation and public oversight has unfolded. It discusses the widespread view that transnational development in oversight has been readily translated to the national level while simultaneously exploring the role that the 'Big N' professional services firms have played as the sites of governance have shifted. The chapter also outlines how the accounting profession has strategically responded to efforts to interfere in its governance by engaging in enterprising efforts to obstruct change aimed at making it more accountable to the public interest it claims to serve.
Antiviral Activity and Conformational Features of an Octapeptide Derived from the Membrane-Proximal Ectodomain of the Feline Immunodeficiency Virus Transmembrane Glycoprotein

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) provides a valuable animal model by which criteria for lentivirus control strategies can be tested. Previous studies have shown that a 20-mer synthetic peptide of the membrane-proximal ectodomain of FIV transmembrane glycoprotein, designated peptide 59, potently inhibited the growth of tissue culture-adapted FIV in feline fibroblastoid CrFK cells. In the present report we describe the potential of this peptide to inhibit the replication of primary FIV isolates in lymphoid cells. Because antiviral activity of peptide 59 was found to map to a short segment containing three conserved Trp residues, further analyses focused on a derivative of eight amino acids ( 770 W-I 777 ), designated C8. Peptide C8 activity was found to be dependent on conservation of the Trp motif, to be removed from solution by FIV absorbed onto substrate cells, and to be blocked by a peptide derived from the N-terminal portion of FIV transmembrane glycoprotein. Structural studies showed that peptide C8 possesses a conformational propensity highly uncommon for peptides of its size, which may account for its considerable antiviral potency in spite of small size.
A Interactive Market Model about the Buyer Monopoly and Seller Monopoly in the Land Reserve Bank

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Under the situtiation of the monopoly of buyers and sellers,this paper constructed acquisiton-land transfer interactive market model of land reserve center.Through the theorical analysis,we came to the conclusions: Firstly,the current land reserve system of buyer monopoly of agricultural land and seller monopoly of the first level of land market surely leaded the local government to pursue financeby abusing the power of land acquisition.If the government is not regulators of the land market,the interactive land maket will be in a non-equilibrium state.It makes the land market become a market full of government failure.Secondly,bilateral monopoly market of buyers and sellers of the land reserve system inevitably resulted in the absence of macroeconomic regulation and micro control the offside and also dislocation of the land of asset management,Next we build a model about the land protection and land acquisition compensation,The results show that: there will be a low price and high supplied quantity and also high profits in the legitimate zero-level market.Thirdly,the market structure of bilateral monopoly of buyer and seller inevitably leaded to the loss of arable land and the low compensation to the farmers.The paper suggested that in order to protect arable land and increase farmers’compensation,the most important measure that we shoud take was to break the bilateral monopoly of buyers and sellers in the land reserve system.
Reply on RC2

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract. The increasing severity of hydrological droughts in the Mediterranean basin related to climate change raises the need to understand the processes sustaining low flow. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate simple mixing model approaches, first to identify and then to quantify streamflow contribution during low-water periods. An approach based on the coupling of geochemical data with hydrological data allows the quantification of flow contributions. In addition, monitoring during the low-water period was used to investigate the drying-up trajectory of each geological reservoir individually. Data were collected during the summers of 2018 and 2019 on a Mediterranean river (Gardon de Sainte-Croix). The identification of the end-members was performed after the identification of a groundwater geochemical signature clustered according to the geological nature of the reservoir. Two complementary methods validate further the characterisation: rock-leaching experiments and unsupervised classification (k-means). The use of the end-member mixture analysis (EMMA) coupled with a generalised likelihood uncertainty estimate (GLUE) (G-EMMA) mixing model coupled with hydrological monitoring of the main river discharge rate highlights major disparities in the contribution of the geological units, showing a reservoir with a minor contribution in high flow becoming preponderant during the low-flow period. This finding was revealed to be of the utmost importance for the management of water resources during the dry period.
Relationship Between Structure and Electroluminescent, Photochromic, or Second‐Order Nonlinear Optical Property

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Electroluminescent materials, photochromic materials, and second-order nonlinear optical (NLO) materials are three kinds of optical materials that significantly influence our life. This chapter reviews some typical examples of these materials and tries to summarize relations between structure and optical property for guiding exploration of new better materials and new application in future.
Chiral Lewis Base‐Catalyzed, Enantioselective Reduction of Unprotected β‐Enamino Esters with Trichlorosilane

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Catalytic asymmetric reduction of N‐unsubstituted β‐enamino esters represents a major challenge for asymmetric catalysis. In this paper, the first organocatalytic system that could be used for the asymmetric hydrosilylation of N‐unsubstituted β‐enamino esters has been developed. Using N ‐ tert ‐butylsulfinyl‐ L ‐proline‐derived amides and L ‐pipecolinic acid‐derived formamides as catalyst, a broad range of β‐aryl‐ and β‐alkyl‐substituted free β‐amino esters could be prepared with high yields and enantioselectivities. The practicality was illustrated by the gram‐scale asymmetric synthesis of ethyl ( R )‐3‐amino‐3‐phenylpropanoate and isopropyl ( S )‐3‐amino‐4‐(2,3,5‐trifluorophenyl)butanoate. The resulting product can be smoothly transformed to the FDA approved medicines dapoxetine and sitagliptin in a short synthetic route. magnified image
The Evaluation of Patient, Provider and Organizational Outcomes Following the Implementation of a Chest Pain Unit

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract In February 2013, a new Chest Pain Unit (CPU) opened in a 238 bed community hospital in the Mid-Atlantic region. The purpose of this Capstone project was to evaluate patient, provider and organizational outcomes associated with the implementation of this new unit as compared to routine care. Selected outcomes were compared for those patients treated in the CPU (n=30) and those patients (n=30) who were treated on the Routine Care Unit (RCU) during a 90 day timeframe. Statistically significant differences were found between the ages of each population. Troponin testing trended toward a reduction in the time interval between tests when performed in the CPU as compared to RCU. The overall length of stay also displayed a trend toward improvement for patients in the CPU. Insurance payments were found to be higher for CPU patients. There were no differences in clinical outcomes between the groups as measured by readmissions. Patient satisfaction with care in the CPU was also reviewed. Findings in this evaluation indicated trends toward improvement for all variables studied and further investigation of these initial findings is indicated to determine if statistically significant differences may exist when comparing the total population of low risk chest pain patients in each location over an extended timeframe. Keywords: chest pain unit, patient outcomes, effectiveness, efficiency
Adverse Health Effects of Effort-Reward Imbalance at Work: Theory, Empirical Support, and Implications for Prevention

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract Although it is now widely recognized that ‘stress’ is the result of an interaction between environmental constraints or threats and individual coping resources the notion of’ organizational stress’ seems to imply a causal role of specific environments such as organizations in the stress process. This notion may be too simplistic, bringing us back to the tradition of’black box’ approaches towards studying human behaviour. In fact, there is now clear evidence of individual differences in coping with organizational stressors as well as in a person’s susceptibility for the health consequences of stressful experience (Cooper and Payne, 1991; Parkes, 1991; Weiner, 1992). On the other hand, stress-related health effects are more pronounced in individuals who participate in specific organizations, e.g. in particular work environments (see below). Therefore, a theoretical approach is needed which adequately addresses this person-environment interaction in the stress process.
Ultrastructural and molecular characterization of altered plastids in nuclear gene controlled yellow stripe mutant of Pennisetum americanum

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The ultrastructural and molecular biological studies were conducted to elucidate the changes in the nuclear gene controlled plastid alterations in yellow stripe mutant of Pennisetum americanum. The plastids in yellow tissue were bound by a double membrane envelope and no internal thylakoid membrane differentiation, whereas plastid development was normal in the green tissue. The nuclear gene apparently influences the individual plastids as evidenced by the presence of heteroplastidic cells. Ribosomal RNAs were extracted from green and yellow seedlings with homozygous recessive and heterozygous genotypes. Plastid specific 23S and 16S rRNAs were absent in the yellow seedlings irrespective of the genotype. The presence of disorganized lamellar membranes in the rRNA/ribosome deficient plastids indicate that they are synthesized outside the plastid compartment. Restriction endonuclease analysis revealed no detectable differences in fragmentation pattern of the plastid DNAs from green and reverted green seedlings. This is consistent with the suggestion that the nuclear gene is not inducing any change in the plastid genome size and in the restriction enzyme recognition sites.
Failure analysis of leaks due to cracks in hydrogen transfer lines of ESS cryogenic moderator

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The ESS cryogenic Moderator System (CMS) has been designed to slow down the high-energy neutrons by means of two hydrogen moderators (to be increased to four in the future) by using forced flow of subcooled liquid hydrogen with a temperature of 17 K at 1.0 MPa. A liquid hydrogen leak is considered the most severe failure for the CMS. A leak scenario from the transfer line to its vacuum envelope through a crack have been analyzed and the expected results will be presented in this paper. An analysis code has been developed and calculated the pressure and temperature changes in the CMS process line and its vacuum envelope. The effect of the crack sizes is clarified. The consequential temperature changes along the vacuum envelope as well as the pressure drops were calculated. The required size of the safety relief device in the hydrogen transfer line and its vacuum envelope have thereby been determined and implemented.
[Advances in the research of antibacterial function of silver nanoparticle and its application in burn treatment].

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Silver has received much attention for its great anti-infection effect in wound. With the development of nanotechnology, the advantages of silver nanoparticles have gradually arisen in scientific practice and clinical application due to their large specific surface area etc. In this article, we conclude the antibacterial mechanisms of silver nanoparticles, the factors influencing their antibacterial effects, the methods of improving their performance and safety, and their application in burn treatment.
Ethnicity and Crime in the Netherlands

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The research on the relationship between immigration and crime is central to the debate on immigration policies throughout Europe. This article reviews the research on whether immigrants in the Netherlands are more likely to engage in crime with a specific focus on whether Moroccans have a greater propensity to offend than the native Dutch. It is concluded that deficiencies in the research including the potential effects of bias against immigrant groups render the assessment of whether immigrants commit more crime than the native Dutch problematic.
Health promotion in emerging collectivist communities: A study of dietary acculturation in the South Sudanese community in Logan City, Australia

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Issue addressed Understanding dietary acculturation within collectivist communities is required to develop and tailor appropriate health promotion strategies to prevent diet‐related chronic diseases. This research explores the journey of the South Sudanese community living in Logan City, Australia in establishing new norms around food choices and practices over time. Methods Three semi‐structured group interviews and a final community forum of women (n = 20) from the South Sudanese community were conducted. These explored changes in and influences on dietary practices post‐settlement. Sessions were recorded, transcribed and thematically analysed using inductive and deductive approaches. Feedback on findings from participants and community members was incorporated. Results Participants reported dietary acculturation phases, including assimilation, reflection and separation, with a return to traditional foods over time. Factors influencing the transition between phases included; the characteristics of the collectivist community such as shared knowledge, experiences and resources, increased accessibility to traditional foods, and increased food and health literacy as responses to emerging diet‐related health issues. Conclusions The Logan City South Sudanese community has navigated a new and complex food environment with positive long‐term dietary outcomes; however, the initial decline in health due to poor diet on arrival may have been prevented. So what? Early intervention and culturally appropriate health promotion strategies that are co‐designed and tailored to the characteristics and strengths of newly settled collectivist communities are needed. These should promote the benefits of healthy traditional food habits, while assisting communities to successfully navigate a new food environment.
The impact of heat treatment on E. coli cell physiology in rich and minimal media considering oxidative secondary stress

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Aims This study investigates the cell physiology of thermally injured bacterial cells, with a specific focus on oxidative stress and the repair mechanisms associated with oxidative secondary stress. Methods and results We explored the effect of heat treatment on the activity of two protective enzymes, levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species, and redox potential. The findings reveal that enzyme activity slightly increased after heat treatment, gradually returning to baseline levels during subculture. The response of Escherichia coli cells to heat treatment, as assessed by the level of superoxide radicals generated and redox potential, varied based on growth conditions, namely minimal and rich media. Notably, the viability of injured cells improved when antioxidants were added to agar media, even in the presence of metabolic inhibitors. Conclusions These results suggest a complex system involved in repairing damage in heat-treated cells, particularly in rich media. While repairing membrane damage is crucial for cell regrowth and the electron transport system plays a critical role in the recovery process of injured cells under both tested conditions.
Shestov And Fondane: Life Beyond Morals

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Le'on Shestov's writings often touch those of Benjamin Fondane, his disciple. The two writers were bound by a strong friendship, and Fondane's philosophy remained close to that of his teacher in spite of a few differences. Some of these will be presented in this essay. Fondane, born in Romania in 1898, had a special interest in Shestov's writings since 1923, the year he published in Bucharest his first impressions on Les Rv1lations de la mort. Fondane was deeply influenced by Shestov's thinking, which he declared to be of a significance not replicated since Pascal. Their first encounter in Paris (at the home of Jules de Gaultier) was an unexpected surprise for Fondane. Soon thereafter, Shestov realized that his young friend could understand his philosophy at a much deeper level than any of his previous admirers: Je suis tellement habitue... a ce qu'on m'ecrive que j'ai du talent... que voila peut-?tre la premiere fois que quelqu'u n comprend la question elle-meme. [I am so used to seeing people note that I have talent that this is perhaps the first time that someone understands the questions themselves.]T Their friendship developed along the basis of a mutual exchange of ideas, and so Fondane the poet metamorphosed into a philosopher. Shestov, on the other hand, was a born philosopher. Philosophy was naturally part of him without any effort and without following any dogma. His clear mind and accessible language allowed for depth and free thinking unbound by unnecessary dogma. Fondane was attracted by Shestov's writings as well as the man himself. As Natalie Baranoff, Shestov's daughter, described their friendship, C'e'tait plut6t celle d'un litte'rateur et d'un philosophe qu'une relation d'amitie: filiale. [It was more a relationship of literary type and philosophy than one of filial friendship.]2 However, in Fondane's published correspondence we witness another truth: je vous attends avec impatience, vous pouvez venir n'importe quel jour et quelle heure[.] [I await you impatiently, you may visit any time you wish.]3 Shestov provided constant support for his young friend, whom he encouraged and also criticized because of his difficulty in letting go of literary expression: Il
Flight rapidly modulates body temperature in freely behaving bats

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Background Bats are remarkable in their dynamic control over body temperature, showing both hypothermia with torpor and hyperthermia during flight. Despite considerable research in understanding bats' thermoregulation mechanisms, knowledge on the relationship between flight and body temperature in bats remains limited, possibly due to technological restraints. Results We used onboard dataloggers including a temperature sensor and an inertial sensor (accelerometers) and continuously recorded the flight behavior and skin temperature ( T sk ) subcutaneously of a perch-hunting bat, Hipposideros armiger , both in the laboratory and in the field. We provide evidence that flight increases the body temperature of bats. The median of the maximum increase in the T sk caused by flight bouts was 3.4 °C (between 1.9 and 5.3 °C for different individuals) in the laboratory. The maximum T sk for the bats was narrowly centered around 40 °C (between 38.5 and 40.9 °C). Moreover, we found that the faster the T sk rises, the greater the maximum increase in T sk . Interestingly, bats can slow down the T sk rises with intermittent fights, during which they perch after brief flight bouts to allow the body temperature to drop rapidly. Similar data were collected from field recordings in free-ranging bats. Conclusions We suggest that perch-hunting behavior observed in approximately 200 species of bats that results in intermittent flights may function as a thermoregulatory strategy, in addition to optimizing energy efficiency as demonstrated by previous studies.