jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Pharmacodynamic effect of adjunctive cilostazol vs. high-dos clopidogrel in acute coronary syndrome patients according to the CYP2C19 genotype (ACCEL-GENOTYPE) study

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Purpose: Cilostazol use in ACS patients has been reduced the risks of ischemic events and restenosis in East Asians. Compared with Caucasians, East Asians have higher frequency of CYP2C19 loss-of-function allele (*2 and *3). We compared the pharmacodynamic effect of adjunctive cilostazol vs. high-dose clopidogrel in PCI-treated East Asians with ACS according to the CYP2C19 genotype. Methods: ACS patients were assigned to either clopidogrel 150 mg/d (DOUBLE group; n=139) or cilostazol 100 mg twice a day + clopidogrel 75 mg/d (TRIPLE group; n=136) on top of aspirin. Platelet aggregation (PA) was measured at baseline and at least 30-day follow-up with light transmittance aggregometery (20 μM ADP and 6 μg/ml collagen). PAs were adjusted with known clinical covariates. CYP2C19*2 or *3 genotype was determined. Primary endpoint was the level of 20 μM ADP-induced PA at follow-up. HPR was defined as 20 μM ADP-induced PA >59%. Results: During standard-dose clopidogrel treatment, platelet measurements did not differ according to individual CYP2C19 genotype between the groups (Fig. 1A). PA levels and HPR risk increased across the CYP2C19 genotype (p≤0.174). At follow-up, the TRIPLE vs. DOUBLE group showed significantly lower level of PAs irrespective of the CYP2C19 genotype (Fig. 1B). In the DOUBLE group, the risk of HPR was observed in 27.3% of patients and increased across the CYP2C19 genotype (adjusted p=0.042), whereas the effect of TRIPLE regimen was not significantly influenced with the CYP2C19 genotype (adjusted p=0.289). Similar trend was observed for collagen-induced PA. Figure 1 Conclusion: In PCI-treated East Asians presented with ACS, adjunctive cilostazol exhibited favorable platelet measurements compared with high-dose clopidogrel irrespective of the CYP2C19 genotype.
Analysis of the serologic response to systemic Candida albicans infection in a murine model

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Two different strains of mice with different susceptibilities to systemic candidiasis (BALB/c and CBA/H) were infected with Candida albicans SC5314. Immune sera were obtained on different days post-infection and assayed against two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis separation of cytoplasmic extracts obtained from protoplasts. More than 31 immunoreactive proteins were detected. Some of them were identified and found to correspond to (i) glycolytic enzymes, such as fructose biphosphate aldolase, triose phosphate isomerase (TPIS), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, 3-phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK), enolase (ENO1) and pyruvate kinase, (ii) other metabolic enzymes, such as methionine synthase (METE), inosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMH3), alcohol dehydrogenase and aconitate hydratase and (iii) heat shock proteins: HS71 (or Ssa1p) and HS75 (or Ssb1p), both from the HSP70 family. This work reports for the first time antigenic properties for IMH3 and TPIS. Different profiles of antibody expression, depending on the mouse strain and the course of infection, were observed. ENO1 was the most immunogenic protein in infected BALB/c mice (the most resistant strain). On the other hand, sera from CBA/H mice (a more susceptible strain) showed a strong increase in reactivity along the infection against METE, HS75 and PGK. Many of these immunoreactive proteins have also been detected using sera from human patients with systemic candidiasis, thus indicating the usefulness of the murine model for studying the antibody response in systemic candidiasis. In this work we demonstrate that the combination of two-dimensional electrophoresis with immunoblotting using murine immune sera can be an important tool for the identification of C. albicans antigens and for monitoring the evolution of the disease.
Citronella Oil Microencapsulated in Carboxymethylated Tamarind Gum and its Controlled Release

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Citronella oil is one of possible natural insect's repellents extracted from leaves of Cymbopogon winterianus.It is used extensively as a source of perfumery chemicals such as 25% citronellal, 18% citronellol and 20% geraniol.To prolong the citronella oil release, carboxymethylated tamarind gum (CTG) was used as coating material for citronella oil encapsulation and compared to crude tamarind gum (TG), using spray drying technique.Three formulas of microcapsule were prepared at different gum to oil ratios (1.25, 1.14, and 0.87).The appearance feature of CTG microcapsule from SEM images showed a smooth surface while TG microcapsule showed many holes and crack on particle surface.It was observed that increasing the gum to oil ratio increases the retention of citronella oil in microcapsules.At 1.14 gum to oil ratio, CTG microcapsules were shown longer oil retention more than one month.The citronella oil release mechanism was analyzed by different kinetic models such as Korsmeyer-Peppas, Higuchi, and Avrami's models.The microcapsules were found to release the citronella oil by Fickian-diffusion mechanism and following Avrami model release kinetics.
Haloperoxidase-Catalyzed Luminol Luminescence

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Common peroxidase action and haloperoxidase action are quantifiable as light emission from dioxygenation of luminol (5-amino-2,3-dihydrophthalazine-1,4-dione). The velocity of enzyme action is dependent on the concentration of reactants. Thus, the reaction order of each participant reactant in luminol luminescence was determined. Horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-catalyzed luminol luminescence is first order for hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), but myeloperoxidase (MPO) and eosinophil peroxidase (EPO) are second order for H2O2. For MPO, reaction is first order for chloride (Cl−) or bromide (Br−). For EPO, reaction is first order for Br−. HRP action has no halide requirement. For MPO and EPO, reaction is first order for luminol, but for HRP, reaction is greater than first order for luminol. Haloperoxidase-catalyzed luminol luminescence requires acidity, but HRP action requires alkalinity. Unlike the radical mechanism of common peroxidase, haloperoxidases (XPO) catalyze non-radical oxidation of halide to hypohalite. That reaction is second order for H2O2 is consistent with the non-enzymatic reaction of hypohalite with a second H2O2 to produce singlet molecular oxygen (1O2*) for luminol dioxygenation. Alternatively, luminol dehydrogenation by hypohalite followed by reaction with H2O2 yields dioxygenation consistent with the same reaction order. Haloperoxidase action, Cl−, and Br− are specifically quantifiable as luminol luminescence in an acidic milieu.
Effects of Boron Deficiency on Anther Development and Floret Fertility in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L. 'Wilgoyne')

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Boron (B) deficiency limits reproductive growth more than vegetative growth in cereals such as wheat. The purpose of the present study was to identify the critical stages of anther development of wheat ('Wilgoyne') during which B deficiency causes a significant and irreversible decrease of floret fertility in order to formulate timely measures for correcting or preventing this problem. Withdrawing B from the rooting medium for 3 d between premeiotic interphase through meiosis to late tetrad, limited anther elongation and resulted in the loss of pollen viability. The negative effects of B withdrawal on anther length suggest that the role of B in reproductive cell walls is similar to that in vegetative ones. The results indicated that as more florets reached meiosis within the period of B withdrawal, the lower was floret fertility and the number of grains set in a whole ear. For the whole ear, the critical period during which B deficiency causes maximal and irreversible damage to floret fertility was about 7 d, extending from the early emergence of the flag leaf to 2–3 d after its full emergence. The results suggest that there are two phases of pollen development sensitive to boron deficiency: the period from premeiotic interphase through meiosis to late tetrad was the most sensitive stage of microsporogenesis in wheat while the period from mitosis-I to II during which starch accumulation occurred in pollen grains was less sensitive. Copyright 2000 Annals of Botany Company
Anxiety, Depression, and PTSD among College Students in the Post-COVID-19 Era: A Cross-Sectional Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In the post-COVID-19 era, significant changes have taken place regarding the epidemic, the economy, family and social life. However, it remains unclear how these changes encompass the psychological symptoms of college students. We carried out a cross-sectional study to investigate anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms among college students from 10 November 2020, to 16 November 2020. The questionnaire included a self-designed canvas, Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7 (GAD-7), Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9), and Impact of Event Scale (IES-R). Factors associated with psychological symptoms were estimated by ordered and non-conditional logistic regression analysis. Of 4754 participants, 25.0%, 29.7%, 3.4%, 15.3%, 17.1%, and 2.9% reported anxiety, depression, PTSD symptoms, one, any two, and all three, respectively. In cases with anxiety or depression symptoms, there was a 9.11% comorbidity with PTSD. Factors associated with fears of being infected, social, family, and economic changes increased the risk of psychological symptoms in college students caused by COVID-19. Female college students, identified with anxiety or depression symptoms, were at a lower risk of developing PTSD symptoms (OR, 0.61, 95% CI: 0.43–0.86). Non-medical majors at university, rural residence, higher educational background, fear of taking public transport, and deterioration of family relationships increased the risk for PTSD symptoms among male respondents with anxiety or depression symptoms due to COVID-19. Factors correlated with psychological symptoms had expanded from the fear of being infected to extensive social, family, and economic changes caused by COVID-19. Therefore, screening and interventions for psychological symptoms should be consistently strengthened and more targeted to college students in the post-COVID-19 era.
Insights into the effect of molecular crowding on the structure, interactions and functions of siRNA–PAZ complex through molecular dynamics studies

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

siRNA molecules are well known to be involved in the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression and play a key role in understanding the intricacies of eukaryotic gene regulation. While it is widely known that 3' end of siRNA binds to the PAZ domain of Argonaute proteins, it remains unclear whether the molecular crowding facilitates or hinders the overall siRNA-protein interactions during RNA interference. The biological interaction networks controlling the cellular functions of any biological cell may behave very differently in crowded environment as compared to the dilute conditions. Therefore, it is of interest to study the siRNA-protein interactions under more physiologically relevant conditions. In our previous work, we studied the role of hydrogen bond interactions and water network interactions towards the structural integrity of siRNA-PAZ complex. We also described the motions relevant for the functioning of the complex and analyzed the biphasic interaction of the 3' end of siRNA within the PAZ domain under aqueous condition. In the present work, we studied the dynamics of siRNA-PAZ complex in the presence of water-soluble crowding agent. We observed significant changes in interactions and dynamics of siRNA-PAZ complex in the presence of crowder. The conserved H-bond interactions were destabilized by ≈12%, while interfacial water networks were stabilized in the presence of crowder. The analysis of siRNA-PAZ dynamics revealed the stabilizing role of ARG52, ARG172, LYS53 and LYS173 in siRNA-PAZ complex. Interestingly, despite increase in flexibility as measured by RMSD, crowding stabilized top modes. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
Split and Connect: A Universal Tracklet Booster for Multi-Object Tracking

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Multi-object tracking (MOT) is an essential task in the computer vision field. With the fast development of deep learning technology in recent years, MOT has achieved great improvement. However, some challenges still remain, such as sensitiveness to occlusion, instability under different lighting conditions, and non-robustness to deformable objects, causing incorrect temporal associations. To address such common challenges in most of the existing trackers, in this paper, a tracklet booster (TBooster) algorithm is proposed to correct the association errors resulting from existing trackers. The correction of the association error from TBooster has two folds: split tracklets on potential ID-change positions and then connect multiple tracklets into one if they are from the same object. To achieve this goal, the TBooster consists of two components, i.e. , Splitter and Connector. In Splitter, an architecture with stacked temporal dilated convolution blocks is employed for the splitting position prediction via label smoothing strategy with adaptive Gaussian kernels. In Connector, a multi-head self-attention-based encoder is exploited for the tracklet embedding, which is further used to connect tracklets into full tracks. We conduct sufficient experiments on MOT17 and MOT20 benchmark datasets and achieve promising results. Combined with the proposed tracklet booster, existing trackers can achieve large improvements on the IDF1 score, which shows the effectiveness of the proposed TBooster.
Clinical study of minimally invasive surgery combined with method of activating blood circulation to dissipating blood stasis in treatment of hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To observe the effect of minimally invasive surgery combined with the method of activating blood circulation for dissipating blood stasis in patients with hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage.Methods A total of 115 patients with hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage were divided into two groups:treatment group(n=60) and control group(n=55).All the patients received minimally invasive surgery,dehydration therapy,hemostatics,anti-inflammatory and anti-hypertensive agent.In addition,patients of treatment group were continuously injected intravenously to Salvia miltiorrhiza injection(SMI) for three weeks.Cranial CT was performed to measure the volume of edema around the lesion before and at 7,14 and 21 days after operation,neurologic impairment degree scores(NDS) were assessed by National Institute of Health Stroke Scale(NIHSS),while the fatality rate and re-hemorrhagic situation were observed before and at 14 and 30 days after initiating the operation.Results The areas of perilesional edema of treatment and control group were(27.08±2.35) cm3 vs(26.33±2.04)cm3,(22.26±1.41) cm3 vs(24.05±1.92) cm3,(17.49±1.90) cm3 vs (21.40±1.98) cm3,(12.07±1.18) cm3 vs(19.31±1.89) cm3 at 0,7,14 and 21 days,respectively.The areas were conspicuously diminished at 7,14 and 21 days after initiating the operation.The areas of perilesional edema of treatment group diminished gradually and significantly smaller than control group at 14 and 21 days(P0.05).In addion,NDS of treatment and control group were(33.60±5.44) scores vs(34.29±4.71) scores,(17.37±2.25) scores vs(21.95±2.47) scores,(7.97±0.71) scores vs(15.16±1.12) scores at 0,14 and 30 days,respectively.NDS in both groups were decreased gradually,more remarkably in the treatment group at 14 and 30 days after operation,neurological function significantly improved(P0.01).No difference in fatality rate was found between two groups,and no continuous bleeding was found in treatment group.Conclusion In patients with hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage after minimally invasive surgery,SMI can effectively reduce edema around the hematoma,promote the recovery of neurologic function,decrease the fatality rate and the disabled rate,and improve the life quality.
Primary Amenorrhoea due to Ovarian Agenesis - A Previously Undescribed Chromosome 12 Abnormality

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

This case describes for the first time a de novo chromosomal abnormality (46, XX, inv dup del(12)(qterp13.3:: p13.3-p12.3:)dn.ish inv dup del(12)(TEL-ETV6++) which produced the phenotype of a female with primary ovarian failure and subsequent osteopenia in early adult life. This warranted treatment with oestrogen replacement therapy and close supportive monitoring.
Outcome of the Swedish Nationwide Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Screening Program

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: A general abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) screening program, targeting 65-year-old men, has gradually been introduced in Sweden since 2006 and reached nationwide coverage in 2015. The aim of this study was to determine the outcome of this program. Methods: Data on the number of invited and examined men, screening-detected AAAs, AAAs operated on, and surgical outcome were retrieved from all 21 Swedish counties for the years 2006 through 2014. AAA-specific mortality data were retrieved from the Swedish Cause of Death Registry. A linear regression analysis was used to estimate the effect on AAA-specific mortality among all men ≥65 years of age for the observed time period. The long-term effects were projected by using a validated Markov model. Results: Of 302 957 men aged 65 years invited, 84% attended. The prevalence of screening-detected AAA was 1.5%. After a mean of 4.5 years, 29% of patients with AAA had been operated on, with a 30-day mortality rate of 0.9% (1.3% after open repair and 0.3% after endovascular repair, P <0.001). The introduction of screening was associated with a significant reduction in AAA-specific mortality (mean, 4.0% per year of screening, P =0.020). The number needed to screen and the number needed to operate on to prevent 1 premature death were 667 and 1.5, respectively. With a total population of 9.5 million, the Swedish national AAA-screening program was predicted to annually prevent 90 premature deaths from AAA and to gain 577 quality-adjusted life-years. The incremental cost-efficiency ratio was estimated to be €7770 per quality-adjusted life-years. Conclusions: Screening 65-year-old men for AAA is an effective preventive health measure and is highly cost-effective in a contemporary setting. These findings confirm the results from earlier randomized controlled trials and model studies in a large population-based setting of the importance for future healthcare decision making.
A pilot study of alemtuzumab (anti-CD52 monoclonal antibody) therapy for patients with relapsed or chemotherapy-refractory peripheral T-cell lymphomas

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Patients with peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTLs) have an extremely poor prognosis when relapsed or refractory to conventional chemotherapy. We have studied alemtuzumab, a humanized anti-CD52 monoclonal antibody, as therapy for patients with heavily pretreated and refractory PTL. Fourteen patients entered the study. All had clinical stage III or IV disease. Patients received a rapidly escalating dosage of alemtuzumab during the first week and, thereafter, 30 mg intravenously 3 times per week for a maximum of 12 weeks. Trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole and valaciclovir prophylaxis was given to all patients. The overall response rate was 36% (5 of 14). Three patients achieved a complete remission (CR) and 2 patients a partial remission. The durations of the CRs were 2, 6, and 12 months, respectively. Toxicity included cytomegalovirus reactivation in 6 patients, which was successfully treated with ganciclovir or foscarnet; pulmonary aspergillosis in 2 patients; and pancytopenia in 4 patients. Epstein-Barr virus–related hemophagocytosis was observed in 2 patients. Five patients died of causes related to the treatment, in combination with advanced disease. We conclude that alemtuzumab is active when used in patients with advanced, heavily pretreated PTL, although it is associated with significant hematologic toxicity and infectious complications. Further studies are warranted in younger patients and patients with less advanced disease. (Blood. 2004;103: 2920-2924)
Toward a Contemporary Understanding of Pure Land Buddhism: Creating a Shin Buddhist Theology in a Religiously Plural World

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Review Article| November 01 2005 Toward a Contemporary Understanding of Pure Land Buddhism: Creating a Shin Buddhist Theology in a Religiously Plural World Franca Bellarsi Franca Bellarsi Université Libre de Bruxelles Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Nova Religio (2005) 9 (2): 131–132. https://doi.org/10.1525/nr.2005.9.2.131 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Franca Bellarsi; Toward a Contemporary Understanding of Pure Land Buddhism: Creating a Shin Buddhist Theology in a Religiously Plural World. Nova Religio 1 November 2005; 9 (2): 131–132. doi: https://doi.org/10.1525/nr.2005.9.2.131 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentNova Religio Search This content is only available via PDF. © 2005 by The Regents of the University of California Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Identifying rodent olfactory bulb structures with micro-DTI

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Olfactory bulb (OB) is one of the most developed systems in rodent models with complex neuronal organization and anatomical structures. MR diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is a non-invasive technique to probe tissue microstructures by examining the diffusion characteristics of water molecules. This paper presents how different OB layers can be identified and quantitatively characterized by micro-DTI using a specially constructed micro-imaging radio frequency (RF) coil. High spatial resolution and high signal to noise ratio (SNR) DTI images of ex vivo rat OBs were obtained. Distinct contrasts were observed between various olfactory bulb layers in trace map, fractional anisotropy (FA) map and FA color map, all in consistency with the known OB neuroanatomy. These experimental results demonstrate the utility of micro-DTI in investigation of complex OB organization.