jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Isolation of Alternative Pathway C3 Convertases Formed in the Presence of C3 Nephritic Factor (C3NeF)

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Interaction of C3b or EAC43, an erythrocyte intermediate bearing C3b, with B and D̄ results in formation of a labile fluid phase or cell-bound alternative pathway C3-convertase, . C3NeF, purified free of antigenic and functional activated properdin, stabilizes the labile convertase site on EAC43B and thus its capacity to stabilize and permit isolation of fluid phase C3B was examined. Reaction mixtures containing 3.40 µg 131I-C3 (C3*) or 1.86 µg 125I-B (B*) alone, C3* and B*, C3*, B* and 5 ng D̄, and C3*, B*, D̄ and 0.1 units C3NeF in 100 µ1 DGVB++ were incubated for 30 min at 30°C, assessed for residual C3* and B* hemolytic activities, and 75 µl subjected to sucrose density ultracentrifugation (UCF). Interaction of C3* and B* did not diminish their hemolytic activities or alter UCF-characteristics. The presence of D̄ resulted in 76% depletion of B* and C3* hemolytic activities, but no convertase activity was recognized in the UCF fractions and B* and C3* sedimented at 5.9 S and 8.2 S, respectively. In the presence of C3NeF, 61% and 88% loss of B* and C3* hemolytic activities occurred, respectively, and UCF revealed a C3* and B* containing 10 S complex with C3 convertase activity. The absence of hemolytically active C3* and B* in the 10 S region suggests that the complex is C3B̄.
Simple and Passionate: The Construction of Insanity in the Southern Netherlands, 1605

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In 1605 Geertrude van Lennich disrupted a service given by bishop Ghysbert Masius in the city of ‘s-Hertogenbosch. She had loudly screamed some blasphemous words and was arrested. This chapter explores the reactions of witnesses in explaining Geertrude’s estranging outburst. They touched upon different interpretational schemes relating not only to madness, but the falling sickness, demonism and sanctity as well. By illustrating the overlap in discourses, all drawing back on their own conceptual and theoretical frameworks, and by illustrating the sheer eclecticism in which Geertrude’s situation was understood, this case study points to a complex convergence of magical, religious and medical interpretations of madness that comfortably coexisted and mingled. However, it was necessary for the judicial men involved to translate the witnesses’ discourse in a way that made legal sense with regard to the question of Geertrude’s guilt. Was she mad and therefore not imputable or was she an evil woman driven by the devil who had to be punished? In formulating an answer a legal dichotomy was created, differentiating between diabolic lures and insanity. This complicated image suggests that we need to move away from a linear narrative that implies that madness became disenchanted during the early modern period, towards a broader view that sees a set of coexisting and overlapping interpretations of insanity. Early modern people always have had the possibility of choosing – or mingling – different types of discourse in translating strange behaviour, which underlies the eclecticism in the understanding of madness in the early modern age.
Parametric study and multi-objective optimization in single-point incremental forming of extra deep drawing steel sheets

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Single-point incremental forming is the most economical process to make the sheet metal prototypes and low volume production without any dedicated dies and simple tooling. The surface finish of the parts produced in this process gets affected by various process parameters. To get the proper quality of parts for functional applications, it is important to understand the effect of various process parameters on part quality. Another drawback with this process is long processing time, which also gets affected by different process parameters. Thus, the first objective of this article is to study the effect of various process parameters on surface roughness and manufacturing time. Second objective is to carry out the multi-objective optimization to get optimum process parameters. For this, detailed experiments are conducted using Box–Behnken design. The effects of step depth, tool diameter, wall angle, feed rate and lubricant type on surface roughness and processing time have been investigated. Based on experimental data, mathematical models have been developed for both the response variables, namely, surface roughness and manufacturing time. Since the response variables are mutually exclusive in nature, multi-objective optimization algorithm (non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II) has been used to get optimum process parameters. The Pareto front obtained from this algorithm helps the manufacturing engineer to select optimum process parameters in single-point incremental forming process.
Discoloration of permanent front teeth in 3,157 Norwegian children due to tetracydines and other factors

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT – During routine orthodontic screening in Oslo, Norway, of 3,157 children, aged 10–11 years and born in 1963/64, 36 Cases (1.14%) with cosmetically marring discoloration of permanent front teeth were registered. Thirty‐four of them arrived for a more exhaustive examination, which in 24 of the children revealed positive tetracycline fluorescence on exposure to ultraviolet light. In 13 (0.4%) of the children, the discolorations were diagnosed to be tetracycline‐induced. Enamel hypoplasia was frequently found in teeth with positive fluorescence. Multiple exposures to various tetracydines were reported in all children who exhibited positive fluorescence.
[Justification and indications for coxib therapy combined with gastro-protective agents].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

On the other hand, prescription-related descriptive data demonstrate that in real-life situations such a combination occurs in approximately 25% of cases. Two cases should be differentiated: in about half of cases, patients are receiving long-term therapy with a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) (for reflux oesophagitis, oesophagitis or dyspepsia) and when an NSAID is necessary, the prescribing physician logically turns to a coxib; in the other half of cases, it involves a true simultaneous co-prescription of a coxib and a gastro-protective agent (most often by far a PPI). Thus, it is only in 10-15% of patients that prescription of a coxib leads to prescription of a PPI. A SAFETY ATTITUDE: This approach can be justified by the physician's desire to be as cautious as possible in dealing a patient at high risk of GI disorders (elderly patients, previous history of digestive bleeding, co-prescription of aspirin and/or a steroid, co-morbidity) or in patients for whom the occurrence of GI bleeding would be very serious (i.e. a patient in poor condition due to multiple disorders, treatment with an oral anti-coagulant or heparin). In both cases, if the prescription of an NSAID cannot be avoided, it is therefore logical first to choose a coxib and second to prescribe simultaneously a gastro-protective agent.
Natural Occurrence of Leptospira ballum in Rural House Mice and in an Opossum

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

SummaryIn a search for wildlife carriers of L. pomona, various species of mammals were trapped in an endemic area of bovine leptospirosis. Direct dark-ground microscopic examinations of urine or bladder saline washings disclosed the presence of leptospires in 10 of the 37 house mice examined. Leptospiral cultural isolates were obtained from 9 of these 10 house mice. The recovery of leptospires from 6 additional house mice and from 1 of 2 opossums emphasizes the importance of cultural methods in any survey for leptospirosis. All isolates, serologically typed on the basis of a cross agglutinationlysis pattern, employing 18 type leptospiral immune rabbit serums, belonged to the serotype L. ballum. The failure to detect L. pomona in the rodent and other wild life population in an endemic area of bovine leptospirosis affords ancillary evidence that the natural hosts of L. pomona leptospirosis are to be found primarily in the livestock population. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of leptospirosis in the opossum.
Processing and Mechanical Properties of Investment Cast Ti-6Al-4V ELI Alloy for Surgical Implants: A Progress Report

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Recent advancements in the production of titanium alloy investment castings have enabled manufacturers to offer high-integrity net-shape components. Effective material utilization and attractive lead times for providing a finished product have fostered a growing interest in applying cast titanium technology to the production of surgical implant devices. Howmet Turbine Components Corp., a major producer of titanium castings for the aerospace industry, is currently evaluating the potential of investment cast Ti-6Al-4V ELI alloy [ASTM Specification for Titanium 6Al-4V ELI Alloy for Surgical Implant Applications (F 136-79)] for surgical implant devices. Manufacturing processes such as hot isostatic pressing (HIP) and weld repair, vital to production of net-shape titanium alloy castings, have been evaluated for cast Ti-6Al-4V ELI material. Smooth and notched tensile properties, as well as impact and fatigue strength, have been investigated with favorable results.
Cost allocation in partition function form games

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

A cooperative game in partition function form is proposed for a cost allocation problem. The game describes a real situation in which a payoff of any coalition does not only depend on the players in the coalition but also on the coalition structure of the other players. Solution concepts like the stable set and the core are analyzed. Relations of the concepts in the case of the game in partition function form and of an appropriately formulated game in characteristic function form are shown.
PDC Bit Designed for High Lateral and Torsional Stability Significantly Improves Rotary-Steerable Performance in the Middle East

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Historic performance in slim hole rotary steerable (RS) applications in the Middle East was held back by severe torsional and lateral vibration issues. A new family of slim hole polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) bit designs, specifically matched to the rotary steerable systems (RSS) used, has resulted in a dramatic improvement in performance. The use of mathematically modeled bit performance indices has resulted in a significant improvement in RSS and bit performance while drilling harsh environments in the Middle East where lateral and torsional vibration events are severe. The bit design in question was further optimized by including design characteristics specifically targeted at reducing torsional events. Further, bit hydraulics have been optimized to minimize erosion and maximize borehole quality while matching system operation requirements. Case studies are presented clearly demonstrating runs with superior performance in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). The field trials clearly demonstrated that significant reduction in torsional vibration and improved side cutting led to superior dogleg achievement. Improvement in lateral stability and resultant bore hole quality led to extended bit and tool life, thus notably improving penetration rate. The paper concludes that significant performance increases can be achieved by matching the bit design to the RSS, the well geology and the well trajectory. This has resulted in advances in slim hole drilling.
THE BIOKINEMATICAL LIMITS OF AIR BAG PROTECTION OF SMALL CAR OCCUPANTS IN OBLIQUE IMPACTS. RESTRAINT TECHNOLOGIES: FRONT SEAT OCCUPANT PROTECTION, AN INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS AND EXPOSITION, DETROIT, MICHIGAN, USA, FEBRUARY 23-27, 1987

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Investigations were performed to determine for oblique impacts the occupant kinematic protection limits afforded by full front seat air bags installed in a subcompact car. Techniques used in this investigation included three-dimensional crash victim simulation modeling (cal-3d model), the use of the NHTSA developed passenger air cushion (djpac) simulation program, and the design, installation and testing of production component driver and passenger air bag systems in a compact car. The results of this program demonstrate that occupants of the subject small car can be protected by air bag restraints in 45 deg oblique principal direction of force (pdof) impacts up to 30 mph barrier equivalent velocity.(Author/TRRL)
Legislasi Agama Dan Potensi Ekonomi: Analisis Undang-Undang Nomor 41 Tahun 2004 Tentang Wakaf Di Indonesia

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Law Number 41 of 2004 concerning Waqf describes legislation rooted in religious principles. The consistency of this law with the principles of Scripture provides evidence of the government's seriousness in understanding the potential of waqf funds and the need for effective management. By regulating ontological, epistemological, and axiological aspects, this law is expected to improve economic welfare and strengthen the role of Muslims in the economic sphere. The importance of this law is undeniable, especially in providing legal certainty and the legal framework necessary for the management of waqf funds that have great potential, meeting the needs of the Wakif and the Nadzir.
Commentary—Making Sense of Higher Education’s Future: An Economics and Operations Perspective

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

The increasing cost of higher education is a growing national concern, and the failure of universities to address it adequately has drawn a great deal of criticism from politicians, the media, and the public. There have been numerous efforts at reform, but few clear solutions. This paper applies lessons from decades of research into the economics and effective design and management of service organizations to propose models for changing the university.
Direct Visualization of Fungal Infection in Brains from Patients with Alzheimer's Disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Recently, we have reported the presence of fungal infections in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Accordingly, fungal proteins and DNA were found in brain samples, demonstrating the existence of infection in the central nervous system. In the present work, we raised antibodies to specific fungal species and performed immunohistochemistry to directly visualize fungal components inside neurons from AD patients. Mice infected with Candida glabrata were initially used to assess whether yeast can be internalized in mammalian tissues. Using polyclonal rabbit antibodies against C. glabrata, rounded immunopositive cells could be detected in the cytoplasm of cells from liver, spleen, and brain samples in infected, but not uninfected, mice. Immunohistochemical analyses of tissue from the frontal cortex of AD patients revealed the presence of fungal material in a small percentage (~10%) of cells, suggesting the presence of infection. Importantly, this immunopositive material was absent in control samples. Confocal microscopy indicated that this fungal material had an intracellular localization. The specific morphology of this material varied between patients; in some instances, disseminated material was localized to the cytoplasm, whereas small punctate bodies were detected in other patients. Interestingly, fungal material could be revealed using different anti-fungal antibodies, suggesting multiple infections. In summary, fungal infection can only be observed using specific anti-fungal antibodies and only a small percentage of cells contain fungi. Our findings provide an explanation for the hitherto elusive detection of fungi in AD brains, and are consistent with the idea that fungal cells are internalized inside neurons.
The Return of Medieval Logic in the Philosophy of Time

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This is a second volume of papers discussing the history of Arthur Prior’s life and work and the philosophical themes he introduced or elaborated. Many of them draw inspiration from his rich and varied contributions to logic. The second volume draws on material presented at two conferences: one held in Copenhagen from 22nd-24th November 2017, and a shorter event held at Roskilde University on 2nd March 2018 as part of the Annual Meeting of the Danish Philosophical Society. Both meetings were organized as part of the Danish Research Council (DFF) project The Primacy of Tense: A. N: Prior Now and Then.
On Lines of Operations: A Framework for Campaign Design.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract : The purpose of this study is to explore and expand the concept of a line of operations and determine its relevance to operational art, and its application to campaign design. Currently, the concept of a line of operations is misunderstood and poorly defined. But it remains a relevant and enduring concept of great utility towards operational art and modern warfare. To better understand this enduring concept this study will review the theory of a line of operations: the elements, application, characteristics, and principles. A line of operations has both a logistics and maneuver component After exploring the concept of a line of operations, the author will present a new perspective derived from the concept of a line of operations: the vector of operations. This study will also discuss the concepts of interior and exterior lines of operations. The author will present new forms of lines of operations that provide one of the ways to achieve ones aims (effects) by coordinating vectors of operations in time and space relative to the enemy. This study will conclude with a section on the relevance and application of the concepts of lines of operations to campaign design.
English – Indonesian Passive Sentences in Cookbook

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This research focuses on the English-Indonesian passive sentence in cookbook. The aim of this research is to find out how the English passive sentence translated into Indonesian passive one cookbook. The data source was taken from English cookbook entitled The Essential Book of Sauces & Dressings written by Lowery, et.al and published by Periplus, Singapore and the translation into Indonesian entitled “Saus dan Dressing yang esensial” translated by Hadyana P. and published by Periplus, Indonesia. The methods of collecting data are observation and documentation. Scintific article tends to use passive sentence rather than active one. This is intended to show the product and disappear the doer. In doing the works, the translator translated English passive voice into Indonesian passive voice in several ways. The results show in English cookbook found some passive constructions which are translated also into passive construction in TL. The passive construction in English cookbook are in the form of present tense (is/are + V past participle), modal passive (modal + be + V past participle), present perfect tense (has + been + V past participle). The translation in Indonesian are translated into passive construction by using verbs added by prefix di-, active construction with active verbs, and verbs added by prefix ter-.
Genetic and Molecular Basis of Jasmonate Metabolism and Interactions with Other Phytohormones

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Jasmonates are known to play multifunctional roles in crop growth and development. The genetic and molecular basis of jasmonate metabolism has been summarized in this chapter, which have shown substantial role in controlling plant metabolism under stress and non-stress conditions. During stress conditions, the regulation of jasmonates synthesis is impaired, which is associated with a cascade of metabolic events like signal transduction. Although mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are vital components of jasmonic acid (JA) signaling and biosynthesis pathways, phytohormones like abscisic acid, auxin, cytokinin, ethylene, gibberellin, salicylic acid, and brassinosteroids are also crucial mediators of crop growth and development during JA synthesis and signal transduction. This chapter also discusses crosstalk of JA with other phytohormones in regulating balance between crop growth and defense responses, which involves proteins like jasmonate ZIM domain protein (JAZ) and 40MYC2, which are key players in JA signaling. The crosstalk with these phytohormones affects JA synthesis synergistically or antagonistically. The investigation of different signaling molecules could be helpful to inspect the intricacies of signal transduction pathway of JA at molecular level. Further research is required to properly address the queries like actions of metabolites and receptors involved in JA signaling. The role of transcription factors involving MAPKs, SIPK, WIPK, and WRKY need to be fully explored to comprehend mechanism of action of JAs.
Exo-Erythrocytic Stages of Plasmodium Falciparum

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Summary and ConclusionsLiver tissue was taken from 14 patients after massive sporozoite inoculations with a Panama strain of Plasmodium falciparum. The tissue was fixed in Carnoy's fluid, serially sectioned, and stained with a colophonium-Giemsa method.Exo-erythrocytic parasites were found in the material derived from the patient receiving the heaviest inoculations. This patient had been inoculated on four successive days with a total of 8,516 mosquito bites and 1,403 salivary glands intravenously. The mosquitoes used averaged 86.8 per cent infected. Biopsy was done at laparotomy three to six days after inoculation. A total of about 125 parasites was found. The characteristics of these parasites indicate that they are part of the exo-erythrocytic phase of malaria. They are similar to those found by Shortt and his associates for this species of malaria.
Correlation between computed tomographic and echocardiographic findings for analysis of pulmonary homograft performance after the Ross-procedure

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives: The effective orifice area [EOA] is increasingly used for assessment of valve function. However, whether it correlates with the anatomic orifice has not been vigorously studied for right-sided valves. We have performed echocardiography and computed tomography with angiography [CTA] in order to assess their inter-relation.
Motion Sickness Prediction in Self-Driving Cars Using the 6DOF-SVC Model

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Drivers who assign the driving task to a self-driving car switch to a passive role to work or enjoy leisure time like a traditional passenger. Consequently, the risk of developing motion sickness (MS) symptoms increases significantly. Adapting one's own driving behavior, e.g. by choosing an alternative route or decreasing the velocity, offers future intelligent vehicles a way to independently prevent MS. Accurate predictions help to improve journey's planning of the vehicle and make correct decisions so as to minimize disruption to the traffic flow. In the present study our contribution is as follow: We conduct two studies by focusing on real-world driving under self-driving conditions and induced MS symptoms in passengers. We simulated driving parameters of the conducted studies to extract simulated driving dynamics and contrasted them with recorded driving dynamics. A well-known model of MS, namely the six-degrees-of-freedom subjective vertical conflict model (6DOF-SVC model) was utilized to predict motion sickness incidence (MSI) for both studies. In order to do so, we implemented a customized Human-Vehicle-Model to map the car's dynamics to the head, which is crucial to apply the 6DOF-SVC model. We evaluated different Human-Vehicle-Model conditions and optimized the parameters of the 6DOF-SVC model to increase prediction accuracy in the case of our experiments. Note that our modeling approach enabled capture effects of missing visual anticipation and cognitive distraction that we present in our experiment. It is concluded that the 6DOF-SVC model is applicable in realistic driving scenarios as the ones used in our study.