jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Feebate System as an Alternative to Taxes in Environmental Regulation of Light Vehicle Transportation

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The article examines the problem of increasing air pollution from moving vehicles in Ukraine relying on the European experience of dealing with the problem. The System Dynamic method is used to build a feebate model to decrease the air pollution in Ukraine on the basis of P’HAPI framework. To lessen CO2 emissions, the authors introduce a feebate program that is the alternative to environmental taxes and fiscal ways to stimulate purchases of electric cars in Ukraine. The model suggests that fees for diesel, gasoline, or hybrid car are paid annually, whereas the rebate is paid once at the purchase time of a new pure electric vehicle. The feebate fund uses initial investment from government to launch its work; fees and interest earned are used to pay the rebates. The conducted analysis and the realization of System Dynamics model allowed to develop an effective programme that lasts 6 years from 2018 till 2024, increases the market share of electric cars, reduces the share of diesel and gasoline cars and results in significant decrease of the level of CO2 emissions and air pollution. Several important obstacles on the way to implement the policy are mentioned in the article, namely legislative, administrative, social, informational, and infrastructural. The results of this research can be used when making management decisions by state regulators. The feebate policy turned out to be promising as it offers an alternative to taxation and a perspective way to promote better environmental regulation in transportation.
The Use of Antisense-Mediated Inhibition to Delineate The Role of Inflammatory Agents in The Pathophysiology of Spinal Cord Injury

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Injuries to the central nervous system (CNS) usually lead to a potent and acute inflammatory response[1]. During this period, glia and immune cells respond to chemical cues associated with the debris of lysed neurons, disrupted axons, and a broken blood-brain-barrier by releasing a battery of cytokines including tumor necrosis factor- α (TNF- α ) and, interleukin-β (IL-1β) as well as reactive oxygen species such as nitric oxide (NO - )[2]. The secretion of these factors may be primarily responsible for secondary damage to surrounding uninjured tissue that potentiates the initial injury[3]. Antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) are designed to hybridize to specific regions of specific mRNAs. Hybridization of the oligonucleotide to the mRNA then interferes with the normal processing of that mRNA at the ribosome or targets the RNA duplex for cleavage by the RNA digestive enzyme, ribonuclease H, resulting in greatly reduced expression of the coded protein. This effectively reduces the amount of corresponding translated protein product and experiments can be designed to examine the requirement of particular inflammatory agents in eliciting specific deleterious responses after injury, e.g., cell death.
Problems Encountered in Humanitarian Aid Logistics and Solution Suggestions by Integrated QFD Method: The Case of Hatay

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

In recent years, extraordinary situations and humanitarian crises have increased the number of studies in the field of humanitarian aid logistics. Although various solutions have been tried to be produced for the problems experienced in humanitarian aid logistics in disasters occurring worldwide and, in our country, these solutions have generally not been suitable for regional needs. The aim of this study is to identify the problems encountered in humanitarian aid activities carried out in Hatay province and to develop solutions to these problems. Humanitarian logistics is a complex process involving many actors. This complexity requires a combination of both requirements and decision criteria to be evaluated. In this study, a model that can provide flexible yet effective solutions to the problems encountered in the humanitarian logistics planning process is proposed. This model involves combining qualitative and quantitative data using the Quality Function Deployment (QFD) method. In this study, a model that integrates Delphi and Analytical Network Process (ANP) methods with Quality Function Deployment (QFD) technique has been developed to identify the problems encountered in humanitarian aid logistics in Hatay province and to develop solutions to these problems. In line with the developed model, the study generally consisted of three stages. In the first stage, the Delphi method was used to identify the problems in humanitarian aid logistics by taking into account the relevant literature and the opinions of the representatives of the institutions/organizations providing humanitarian aid services in Hatay. Then, the priority values (weights) of these problems were determined by Analytic Network Process (ANP) method. In the last stage, solution proposals were developed through the Quality Function Deployment (QFD) relationship matrices. In humanitarian aid logistics, 14 problems were identified by Delphi technique. With the prioritisation of the results obtained with ANP, ‘Problems Arising from Lack of Continuity-Sustainability’ emerged as the most important problem. Then, among the 13 solution suggestions determined by expert opinions, ‘Establishing a system to monitor humanitarian aid’ was determined as the most effective solution suggestion in eliminating the problems in humanitarian aid logistics. In the future, it would be useful to conduct similar research with the participation of more experts in different regions or countries. In addition, the findings of the study can be compared with different multi-criteria decision-making methods to provide a broader perspective. In this context, the use of integrated methodologies in the field of humanitarian aid logistics will allow for a more comprehensive approach to the problems.
Al-Hidayatu' l-Amiriya, being an epistle of the tenth Fatimid Caliph al-Āmir bi-acḥkāmi' l-lāh and an Appendix Iqa' Sawa‘iqi’ l-Irgham. Edited with an Introduction and Notes by Asaf A. A. Fyzee, M.A. Islamic Research Association, No. 7. pp. 21 + 40. Madras: Humphrey Milford, 1938.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Al-Hidayatu' l-Amiriya, being an epistle of the tenth Fatimid Caliph al-Āmir bi-acḥkāmi' l-lāh and an Appendix Iqa' Sawa‘iqi’ l-Irgham. Edited with an Introduction and Notes by Asaf A. A. Fyzee, M.A. Islamic Research Association, No. 7. pp. 21 + 40. Madras: Humphrey Milford, 1938. - Volume 72 Issue 2-3
The link between auditory salience and emotion intensity

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

To ensure that listeners pay attention and do not habituate, emotionally intense vocalizations may be under evolutionary pressure to exploit processing biases in the auditory system by maximising their bottom-up salience. This "salience code" hypothesis was tested using 128 human nonverbal vocalizations representing eight emotions: amusement, anger, disgust, effort, fear, pain, pleasure, and sadness. As expected, within each emotion category salience ratings derived from pairwise comparisons strongly correlated with perceived emotion intensity. For example, while laughs as a class were less salient than screams of fear, salience scores almost perfectly explained the perceived intensity of both amusement and fear considered separately. Validating self-rated salience evaluations, high- vs. low-salience sounds caused 25% more recall errors in a short-term memory task, whereas emotion intensity had no independent effect on recall errors. Furthermore, the acoustic characteristics of salient vocalizations were similar to those previously described for non-emotional sounds (greater duration and intensity, high pitch, bright timbre, rapid modulations, and variable spectral characteristics), confirming that vocalizations were not salient merely because of their emotional content. The acoustic code in nonverbal communication is thus aligned with sensory biases, offering a general explanation for some non-arbitrary properties of human and animal high-arousal vocalizations.
Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis . [Distribution map].

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis (Bonder) Vauterin et al. Gammaproteobacteria: Xanthomonadales: Xanthomonadaceae. Host: cassava ( Manihot esculenta ). Information is given on the geographical distribution in Asia (China, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Yunnan, India, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Indonesia, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Malaysia, Philippines, Taiwan and Thailand), Africa (Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Comoros, Congo, Congo Democratic Republic, Cote d'Ivoire, Ghana, Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritius, Mayotte, Niger, Nigeria, Reunion, Rwanda, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo and Uganda), North America (Mexico), Central America and Caribbean (Barbados, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Nicaragua, Panama and Trinidad and Tobago), South America (Argentina, Brazil, Amazonas, Bahia, Mato Grosso do Sul, Parana, Santa Catarina, Colombia, French Guiana and Venezuela) and Oceania (Federated States of Micronesia, Fiji, Guam and Palau).
Optical Signatures of Spin Symmetries in Unconventional Magnets

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The concept of spin symmetries has gained renewed interest as a valuable tool for classifying unconventional magnetic phases, including altermagnets and recently identified p-wave magnets. In this work, we show that in compounds with weak spin-orbit coupling, the dominant spin and charge photoresponse is determined by spin group rather than the conventional magnetic group symmetry. As a concrete realization we consider the nonlinear shift photocurrent in Mn_{5}Si_{3}, a material that features the two possible classes of unconventional p-wave magnetism in the form of two competing spin structures, a coplanar and noncoplanar one. While both are predicted to generate shift currents based on magnetic symmetry considerations, only the noncoplanar configuration survives the spin symmetry requirements. This is numerically confirmed by our ab initio calculations, providing a protocol to experimentally identify the spin configuration of this promising material in photogalvanic or transport measurements.
İntranazal oksitosinin güvenilirlik değerlendirmesi sırasındaki etkileri: bağlam önemlidir.

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Social domain of human life is thought to be regulated majorly by the factors present in the immediate surroundings. Aside from environmental factors, as one of the agents connecting neurochemical mechanisms and social processes, the neuropeptide oxytocin is also suggested to be involved in social cognition and prosocial behavior including approach and trust. Thus, the current study is conducted towards understanding the effects of intranasally administered oxytocin on pupil dilation and on trustworthiness evaluation during two different social cognitive tasks that differ only with respect to situational context. We used computer generated faces as stimuli from the Trustworthiness Data Set 2 which contains faces manipulated on the axis of facial trustworthiness in three levels (trustworthy, neutral, and untrustworthy). Additionally, we managed to collect task evoked pupil diameter changes during subjective evaluation of trustworthiness tasks. In order to prevent any sex-dependent effects of oxytocin, only heterosexual male participants were invited to participate in the study. The findings revealed that intranasal oxytocin indeed exerts its effects in a task-dependent manner. While the same faces were rated as being more trustworthy in approach task, they were rated as being less trustworthy in trust task under the influence of oxytocin. Aside from that, participants in the oxytocin group were faster at judging the trustworthiness levels of the faces in both approach and trust task. In terms of pupil dilation, there was a significant but subtle difference between the placebo and oxytocin groups. The current study is a facilitator towards understanding the situation variant nature of oxytocin and it enables us to conduct more refined theories about the social effects of oxytocin in humans.
Franco and Hitler: Spain, Germany and World War II, by Stanley G. Payne * Entre la Antorcha y la Esvastica: Franco en la encrucijada de la Segunda Guerra Mundial, by Emilio Saenz-Frances San Baldomero

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Journal Article Franco and Hitler: Spain, Germany and World War II, by Stanley G. PayneEntre la Antorcha y la Esvástica: Franco en la encrucijada de la Segunda Guerra Mundial, by Emilio Saénz-Francés San Baldomero Get access Franco and Hitler: Spain, Germany and World War II, by Stanley G. Payne (New Haven, CT: Yale U.P. 2008; pp. 228. £14.99);Entre la Antorcha y la Esvástica: Franco en la encrucijada de la Segunda Guerra Mundial, by Emilio Saénz-Francés San Baldomero (Madrid: Editorial Actas, 2009; pp. 1006. N.p.). Rob Stradling Rob Stradling Penarth Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The English Historical Review, Volume CXXVI, Issue 518, February 2011, Pages 238–241, https://doi.org/10.1093/ehr/ceq431 Published: 01 February 2011
Modern Chinese Diachronic Corpus Construction and the Language Development Based on a 77-year Corpus

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Based on a diachronic corpus spanning 77 years from 1872 to 1949, this paper investigates the characters and words used in Chinese newspapers. The Zipfian distribution in word use can be seen in the corpus, and the top frequency of words varies dramatically throughout epochs. The frequency of word types and tokens exhibits an inverted V-shaped trend. In terms of char/word entropy, a similar tendency has been discovered. Words that existed only once in history do well in representing linguistic life in the period. At the same time, the proportion of new words in the entire corpus is decreasing, reflecting the steady stabilizing of word growth.
Bioinspired Optimization with Deep Learning Driven Cardiovascular Diseases on Retinal Fundus Images

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Earlier diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) is important for timely intervention and improved survival rates. Retinal fundus images are developed as a precious diagnostic resource owing to their non-invasive nature and capability to reveal vascular abnormalities representative of CVDs. This study designs an automated Cardiovascular diseases using Seagull Optimization Algorithm with Deep Learning (ACVD-SOADL) method on retinal fundus images. This study introduces a wide-ranging approach for CVD diagnosis by leveraging DL approaches, particularly employing MobileNet as a feature extractor, Back propagation Neural Network (BPNN) for classification, and Seagull Optimization Algorithm (SOA) for parameter tuning. MobileNet, a lightweight DL model, is utilized for extracting meaningful features from these images. SOA is an innovative optimizer algorithm stimulated by the foraging behavior of seagulls, which can be employed to fine-tune the model's hyperparameters, improving its performance. The dataset exploited in this study includes a various types of retinal fundus images, allowing generalizable and robust training method. The BPNN classification method is trained to differentiate among normal and CVD-affected retinal images depends on the extracted features. By employing an iterative process, SOA enhances the hyper parameters of the BPNN, confirming that the model attains its highest potential accuracy. For demonstrating the improvised performance of the ACVD-SOADL approach, an extensive simulated value could be accomplished and the comparison analysis assured the excellence of the ACVD-SOADL model.
Developing non-exercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT) through building design

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Purpose Physical inactivity has a considerable negative impact on health. Physical activity has reduced partly due to workplace and lifestyle changes, causing people to spend more time in buildings and increasing sedentary behaviour. The purpose of this paper is to address a largely untapped opportunity for designers and managers to improve building users’ health by designing buildings that raise users’ Non-Exercise Activity Thermogenesis (NEAT) levels. In this research a conceptual model was developed to assess buildings’ performance in providing NEAT-promoting opportunities through building design features and management, in relation to building users’ propensity for NEAT behaviours. Design/methodology/approach The conceptual model was developed by a multi-disciplinary team of researchers and data to populate the model was obtained through a survey of 75 buildings in Jakarta (Indonesia). Findings The presented proof-of-concept shows that the model’s “meso-scale” approach to study physical activity and building design can lead to potential improvements of NEAT levels and physical activity in buildings. Originality/value The review of precedent models shows that this subject has been researched at micro-scale (i.e. detailed monitoring of individuals’ movement) and macro-scale (i.e. epidemiological studies of populations’ health). The presented model is original, as it explores a “meso-scale”(i.e. building scale) that is unique.
Reimagining Enemy Aliens after Radiation Exposure: Richard Powers's Prisoner's Dilemma

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract: The traumatic center of Richard Powers's Prisoner's Dilemma lies in the main character's exposure to radiation from America's first nuclear bomb detonation at the Trinity test site. This experience motivates Eddie Hobson to generate a fantastic World War II narrative that includes a radically irrational act of releasing internal enemy aliens—Americans of Japanese ancestry—from internment camps. This article analyzes a reversal of Cold War game theory, genealogical displacement as a challenge to wartime racial ideology, minority draft resisters' critique of civil liberties, and contradictions in global peace promotion through all-powerful weapons. Also, the concept of symbolic survivors sheds lights on enigmas surrounding Eddie Hobson. Overall, drawing insights from Japanese American history and literature, this study explores the possibility of a counternarrative against wartime narratives of suspicion and mistrust.
Redox-Responsive Pickering Emulsions Stabilized by Silica Nanoparticles and Ferrocene Surfactants at a Very Low Concentration

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Here, we describe a redox-responsive Pickering emulsion stabilized by silica nanoparticles and a ferrocene surfactant (FcCOC10N) at a concentration as low as 0.01 mM (≈0.005 cmc). The emulsions are stable and resistant to coalescence for more than one month. The ferrocene group in the structure of FcCOC10N can be reversibly switched between its oxidized and reduced forms by redox reactions, which would alter the amphiphilic properties of the surfactant. Consequently, the emulsion can be switched between "on" (stable) and "off" (unstable) states through electrochemical reactions without adding additional chemicals or changing the particle/surfactant concentration. Moreover, the Pickering emulsifier composed of the surfactant and the nanoparticles can be recovered and reused after removal of the original oil. It offers a new platform that provides green and sustainable operation for separation and reuse of the emulsifier in potential applications, such as biphasic catalysis and oil transportation.
<title>Machine vision inspection of component footprints in PCB artwork</title>

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

A new printed circuit board (PCB) inspection scheme designed to perform automated inspection of component sites is presented. A digitized image of the artwork for a board is stored after digitization via a scanner (300 dots per inch) in a tag image file format (TIFF) file. At inspection time, after reading in the compressed format TIFF file and decoding the compressed image, the PCB is graphically displayed on a PC screen together with a command menu. The user is then taken through a series of menu-driven commands to ultimately check the dimensions of center-to-center distance between holes and pads for electronic components on the PCB. The significance of this research is in the adaptation of the UNION-FIND procedure to develop a robust algorithm to segment an image into component objects and background to facilitate dimensional analysis and inspection of the artwork.
Sorbent functionalization with vancomycin enhances bacteria killing in extracorporeal hemoadsorption

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background The level of bacteremia in patients with sepsis and septic shock is a predictor of complications and mortality, regardless of the type of bacteria. Devices for bacteria, endotoxin and cytokines removal by adsorption have been recently developed. Thus, extracorporeal blood purification therapies have been proposed as adjunctive therapy in sepsis in combination with drugs. Some potentially useful drugs, however, are precluded due to their organ or metabolic toxicity. The present study represents a preliminary report on the in vitro effect of a sorbent device (minimodule with HA380 beads, Jafron medical, Zhuhai, China) in which the particles have been functionalized with vancomycin on the surface. The impact of the surface‐modified beads on circulating bacteria ( Staphylococcus aureus ) has been tested in a simulated in vitro circulation. Methods In vitro experiments were carried out with 800 mL of blood enriched with S. aureus species. Blood was circulated in the vancomycin‐functionalized and non‐functionalized mini‐module cartridges in hemoadsorption setup (300 mL each) and the bactericidal effect was assessed. Also, 200 mL of blood was used as a control. Results A significant increase in the time to positivity of blood cultures was observed after 60 min and also after 120 min of therapy with the mini‐module functionalized with vancomycin as opposed to the non‐functionalized cartridge. Conclusions These results suggest a possible way of treating sepsis by using drug‐ or antibiotic‐functionalized cartridges without worrying about pharmacological toxicity. The prolongation of the time to bacterial culture positivity to S. aureus after a passage through a column packed with beads functionalized with vancomycin represents a proof of concept.
Depth Perception and the Perception of Events

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The study of visual depth perception is one of the oldest domains of inquiry in Psychology. A review is provided of the known depth cues, which are the informational sources for depth perception, and the means by which these cues are combined. Distance, size, and slant perception are surveyed. Event perception is a newer field of study. A review is provided of how people perceptually organize and interpret motions and their role in guiding behavior.