jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Cost-effectiveness of olorofim in the treatment of invasive aspergillosis in patients with limited suitable alternative treatment options: a US payer perspective

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT This study aimed to estimate the cost-effectiveness of treating invasive aspergillosis (IA) in patients with limited treatment options with either olorofim or currently available antifungal salvage therapy from a US payer perspective. A hybrid decision tree-Markov model with a one-year time horizon was used to estimate health economic outcomes. The model considered probabilities of treatment response, mortality, and treatment-emergent adverse events; costs of antifungals and healthcare utilization; and patient utility. For olorofim, patient-level data from the open-label, single-arm, Phase IIb study of olorofim for the treatment of proven or probable IA with limited treatment options (Study 32, NCT03583164 ) was used. Salvage therapy data were based on an external control arm of a study of IA patients. A willingness-to-pay threshold of $50,000/quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) was assumed to assess the cost-effectiveness of olorofim versus salvage therapy. One-year costs (2023 USD) of treating IA in patients with limited alternative options were $208,696 for currently available salvage therapy and $167,971 for olorofim, for an incremental cost reduction of $40,725. QALYs were 0.46 for olorofim and 0.22 for salvage therapy. Olorofim was determined to be a dominant (less costly, more effective) strategy, with an incremental net monetary benefit of $52,827. Olorofim remained the dominant strategy across all sensitivity analyses. Upon probabilistic sensitivity analysis, olorofim was dominant in 90.0% of 1,000 iterations and cost-effective in 97.5%. Olorofim resulted in lower total treatment costs, antifungal costs, and more QALY gains versus currently available salvage therapy, making olorofim the dominant strategy for treating IA with limited treatment options.
The Impact of the New Product Development Project on the Success of Financial Services

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This article explores the impact of a number of aspects of the new product development project on the success of new financial services in the United Kingdom. It is found that synergy between the new product and the organisation, and the quality of internal marketing are particularly associated with eventual success for the new product. Technological advantage, market research and responsiveness (i.e. speed of development) are also associated with success. Banks seem to be particularly effective in their use of market research, whereas Building Societies are good at in ternal marketing and synergy. New interest accounts have been particularly successful due to the use of market research and the speed of their development.
Magnetic susceptibility and its environmental significances

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Magnetic susceptibility (x, mass-specific; or κ, volume-specific) has been widely used for paleoclimatic and paleoenvironmental studies. However, there exist ambiguities when accurately interpreting this mineral magnetic proxy. This review systematically discussed the major factors that affect susceptibility, including the type and grain size of magnetic minerals, temperature, frequency and the applied field etc. Finally, applications of magnetic susceptibility to both marine and terrestrial paleoclimatic records were outlined.
Evidence That Anabolic Effects of PTH on Bone Require IGF-I in Growing Mice

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Although it has been established that PTH exerts potent anabolic effects on bone in animals and humans, the mechanism of PTH action on bone remains controversial. Based on the previous findings that PTH treatment increased production of IGF-I in bone cells and that PTH effects on bone cells in vitro were blocked by IGF-I–blocking antibodies, we proposed that IGF-I action is required for the stimulatory effects of PTH on bone formation. To test this hypothesis, we evaluated the effects of PTH on bone formation parameters in growing mice lacking functional IGF-I genes. Five-week-old IGF-I(−/−) mice and wild-type littermates were given daily sc injections of 160 μg/kg body weight of PTH (1–34) or vehicle for 10 d. In wild-type animals, PTH caused a significant increase in serum osteocalcin levels (113%), serum alkaline phosphatase activity (48%), and alkaline phosphatase activity in femoral bone extracts (>80%), compared with the vehicle-treated control group. In contrast, in IGF-I(−/−) mice, there was no significant effect of PTH on any bone formation parameters. PTH treatment increased total bone mineral density, as evaluated by peripheral quantitative computer tomography, at the distal metaphysis of the femur by 40% in wild-type mice, but it had no effect on bone mineral density in mice lacking functional IGF-I genes. In vitro studies using osteoblasts derived from control and IGF-I(−/−) mice revealed that PTH treatment increased cell number in osteoblasts derived from IGF-I knockout mice in the presence of exogenously added IGF-I but not without IGF-I. These data to our knowledge provide the first direct evidence that the anabolic effects of PTH on bone formation in vivo require IGF-I action in growing mice.
The Rule of Law:The Guarantee for China's Western Development

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The large - scale development of China's western regions is a strategic decision made by the Central Committee of the Party,which aims at the overall situation of the country's modernization drive. Yanbian's participation in the grand western development marks the turning of its poverty and backwardness shake -off process. Ensuring a legal environment for investment is crucial to the development of Yanbian's economy and the implementation of preferential policies towards western development.
Does routine in-office fluoride varnish or gel application improve rates of dental caries in children?

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Eglin Air Force Base Family Medicine Residency Program, Eglin Air Force Base, FL The corresponding author is Sarah Balloga, MD; [email protected]. The authors declare no conflicts of interest. The opinions and assertions contained herein are those of the authors and are not to be construed as official or as reflecting the views of the U.S. Air Force Medical Department, the Air Force at large, or the Department of Defense.
A Distant Heritage

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Historians often rely on a handful of unusual cases to illustrate the absence of free speech in the colonies—such as that of Richard Barnes, who had his arms broken and a hole bored through his tongue for seditious words against the governor of Virginia. In this definitive and accessible work, Larry Eldridge convincingly debunks this view by revealing surprising evidence of free speech in early America. Using the court records of every American colony that existed before 1700 and an analysis of over 1,200 seditious speech cases sifted from those records, A Distant Heritage shows how colonists experienced a dramatic expansion during the seventeenth century of their freedom to criticize government and its officials. Exploring important changes in the roles of juries and appeals, the nature of prosecution and punishment, and the pattern of growing leniency, Eldridge also shows us why this expansion occurred when it did. He concludes that the ironic combination of tumult and destabilization on the one hand, and steady growth and development on the other, made colonists more willing to criticize authority openly and officials less able to prevent it. That, in turn, established a foundation for the more celebrated flowering of colonial dissent against English authority in the eighteenth century. Steeped in primary sources and richly narrated, this is an invaluable addition to the library of anyone interested in legal history, colonial America, or the birth of free speech in the United States.
Rapid Detection of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) Coronavirus by a Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Assay

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a newly emerging disease that first emerged in Guangdong Province, China in November 2002 (1 ).The SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV) was found to be the etiology of the disease (2-4 ).Subsequent surveillance studies have indicated that this virus is of animal origin and have suggested that the source of the disease is still circulating in this geographic region (5 ).Indeed, the potential risk of reemergence of SARS is further highlighted by a recent confirmed SARS case in January 2004 (6 ).Therefore, the establishment of a rapid SARS diagnostic method is a high priority for control of the disease.Currently, there are two major diagnostic approaches for SARS.Detection of antibodies against SARS-CoV is a sensitive and specific diagnostic approach, but serconver-
Earthquake reconstruction in Morocco will remain slow

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Significance Even as thousands of quake victims are still awaiting the government's assistance, the quake zone's political and economic marginalisation have meant that little political blowback has reached the monarchy or the upper echelons of the government, which will remain preoccupied by the country's still relatively modest growth rates and high unemployment numbers. Impacts The earthquake, despite making international news, did not fundamentally dent Morocco's image as a safe tourist destination. The authorities' response reinforced national and international perceptions of the king's aloofness. The opposition will attack the government on rising unemployment.
GW24-e0516 Study of Adipose Tissue- Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Transplantation for rats with dilated cardiomyopathy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives Increasing evidences indicated that adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) can stay survive, then gradually proliferate and differentiate into myocardial cells after transplanted into damaged areas and improve function of heart. Methods In this article, ADMSCs were isolated from adipose tissue of Wistar rats and cultured. When treated with 5-azacytidine (5-aza), ADMSCs were differentiated into myocardial cells, then we implant these cells into myocardium of rats of DCM to observe cell population and differentiation and compare cardiac function and hemodynamics changes before and after transplantation. Results The expression of Cardiac-specific markers indicated that ADMSCs which were isolated from adipose tissue of Wistar rats can differentiate into various cell types. Meanwhile, the treatment group displayed a higher level of LVESP, left ventricular intraventricular pressure (+dp/dt max), left ventricular intraventricular pressure (-dp/dtmax) and left ventricular EF (%) than the control group. Altogether, these results indicate that heart systolic and diastolic function of rats of DCM was significantly improved meanwhile ventricular dilatation remodelling was inhibited after ADMSCs transplantation. Therefore, this research provides an experimental basis for further clinical application of ADMSCS transplantation for the treatment of DCM and non-ischaemic HF. Conclusions In our results, the LVESP, internal pressure of Left ventricular (+ dp/dtmax) and right ventricular (-dp/dtmax),and Left ventricular EF of treatment groups after 4-week cell transplantation were higher than those of control group, however, the LVEDP, LVEDV and LVESV were evidently lower. These changes hint us that implanting ADMSCS into myocardium of DCM rats can prevent DCM Ventricular dilatation remodeling and effectively improve Cardiac Systolic and Diastolic function. In addition, we also prove that ADMSCs transplanted into myocardium can differentiate into myocardial cells and vascular endothelial cells even without 5-aza induction. Above all, stem cell transplantation can effectively improve Cardiac Systolic and Diastolic function of part or whole heart, furthermore, no malignant ventricular arrhythmias, infection and Immune rejection have been found after transplantation. There were also no osteoblasts, tumor cells and vascular tumor-like change reported in Histological examination. These results demonstrate that ADMSCs transplantation is an effective and safety method of treatment for congestive heart failure. However, the molecular mechanisms that how transplanted cells can improve cardiac function remain largely unknown and a further investigation is still needed.
Conditional Influence Diagrams in Risk Management

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper introduces conditional influence diagrams into risk management. A contaminated‐site cleanup involving two stakeholders is used as a hypothetical case study. The treatment choices must satisfy several conflicting objectives. Any decision made by one stakeholder will affect the choices of the other stakeholder. In building the influence diagrams for each of the stakeholders, the logical relationship of all relevant factors is determined and the values of these factors are analyzed. The influence diagram for each stakeholder is conditional on the options available to the other stakeholder. The influence diagrams are, then, used to evaluate the possible choices of each stakeholder based on decision options of the other stakeholder. These results are analyzed using game theory methods to gain insights useful to risk management and to demonstrate how mutual trust and cooperation can lead to decisions benefiting both stakeholders.
Fish Peroxiredoxins and Their Role in Immunity

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Peroxiredoxins (Prxs) are a family of antioxidant enzymes that protect cells from oxidative damage. In addition, Prxs may act as modulators of inflammation, protect against cell death and tumour progression, and facilitate tissue repair after damage. The most studied roles of Prx1 and Prx2 are immunological. Here we present a review on the effects of some immunostimulant treatments and bacterial, viral, or parasitic infections on the expression of fish Prxs at the gene and/or protein level, and point to their important role in immunity. The Prxs show antioxidant activity as well as a protective effect against infection. Some preliminary data are presented about the role of fish Prx1 and Prx2 in virus resistance although further studies are needed before the role of fish Prx in immunity can be definitively defined.
Co-production

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Co-production is, when working well, a mutualistic relationship between two or more parties in which expertise is shared to gain greater insight to address an issue. In terms of co-production between public health practitioner and researcher an academic's focus may be on developing publications and adding to the sum of scientific knowledge the practitioner in turn may have their attention fixed upon development and evaluation of a fitter service. The access to both academic expertise and software were both seen as potential benefits to practitioners. In discussions with practitioners gaining the experience of academics was highly valued but so was the opportunity to demonstrate their own expertise. Practitioners also point out their value to the academics; this essentially allowed easier and more efficient access to their host organisation. Co-production also has a pivotal part to play in the creation of acceptable and innovative public health interventions.
Transcriptomic profiling reveals gene expression in human peripheral blood after exposure to low-dose ionizing radiation

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Although the health effects of exposure to low-dose ionizing radiation have been the focus of many studies, the affected biological functions and underlying regulatory mechanisms are not well-understood. In particular, the influence of radiation exposure at doses of less than 200 mGy on the regulation of genes and pathways remains unclear. To investigate the molecular alterations induced by varying doses of low-dose radiation (LDR), transcriptomic analysis was conducted based on ribonucleic acid (RNA) sequencing following exposure to 50 and 150 mGy doses. Human peripheral blood was collected, and the samples were divided into three groups, including two treatments and one control (no radiation). A total of 876 (318 upregulated and 558 downregulated) and 486 (202 upregulated and 284 downregulated) differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified after exposure to 50 mGy and 150 mGy, respectively. Most upregulated genes in both the 50 mGy and 150 mGy groups were associated with ‘antigen processing and presentation,’ which appeared to be the major targets affected by LDR exposure. Several interacting genes, including HLA-DQA1, HLA-DQA2, HLA-DQB2, HLA-DRB1, and HLA-DRB5 were mapped to ‘antigen processing and presentation,’ ‘immune system-related diseases’ and the ‘cytokine-mediated signaling pathway,’ suggesting that these genes might drive the downstream transmission of these signal transduction pathways. Our results suggest that exposure to LDR may elicit changes in key genes and associated pathways, probably helping further explore the biological processes and molecular mechanism responsible for low-dose occupational or environmental exposures in humans.
A Comparison of Mental Health Problems among Children with Alopecia Areata or Atopic Dermatitis and Their Parents

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aims: There is an increased interest in the psychosocial impact of pediatric skin diseases on children and their families. The present study tried to examine possible differences regarding mental health problems among children with alopecia areata (AA) or atopic dermatitis (AD), and their parents. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Dermatology, “Penteli” Children’s Hospital and Department of Dermatology, Athens University Medical School, “Andreas Syggros” Hospital, Athens, Greece, between February 2004 and February 2009. Methodology: Parents of 51 pediatric outpatients (54.9% boys) with a diagnosis of either AD or AA (mean age = 8.0 ± 1.8 years) and a control group of 12 children and their parents completed the Symptom Checklist-90-R (SCL-90-R) and the Child Behavior Research Article British Journal of Medicine & Medical Research, 3(1): 162-172, 2013 163 Checklist (CBCL). Differences among AA, AD, and the control group were examined. Results: Both AA and AD groups had significantly (P < .001) higher mean values across several CBCL scales compared to healthy controls. However, the controls seemed to exhibit less mental health symptoms than the normative Greek samples, a finding reducing the value of the control group. Children’s Anxious/Depressed, Withdrawn, Somatic complaints and Social problems had significantly higher mean values in the AA group compared to the AD group. Parental mental health symptoms did not differ significantly between the two disease groups, but they were significantly higher in patient groups compared to control group. Conclusion: Children’s and parents’ mental health symptoms may be important targets of thorough assessment and treatment among pediatric AD and AA populations.
Bacillus-based biocontrol of fusarium disease on tomato cultures in Burundi.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The biocontrol potential of a Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacterium (PGPR) Bacillus subtilis S499 on tomato was studied in open field sites in low attitude area of the plain of Imbo in Burundi. Application of the PGPR strain on seed before sowing have significantly increased growth and fruit yield of tomato plants in addition to its remarkable control of a local important disease caused by a fungus type-Fusarium.. This pathogen causing large tosses in Burundi tomato plantings is closely related to Fusarium semitectum based on a preliminary identification. Results obtained in open field assays from two successive years on the same site demonstrate that treatment with B. subtilis S499 strain suspensions significantly increase growth and fruit-yield and provided a high level of protection of tomato plantings against the new fungal disease apparently uncontrolled by routine chemical pesticides.
Stoics On Souls And Demons: Reconstructing Stoic Demonology

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The Stoic cosmos is determined by a single perfectly rational and provident force, ordering everything for the best; its inherent order, which is intelligible to humans, is both the source of, and perfect example for, human rationality. This chapter investigates whether and to what extent anything like an appropriation of aspects of traditional demonology was effected in Stoicism. It charts the evidence, reconstruct the outlines of underlying theory, and signal some problems and developments. The chapter offers a survey of various conceptions of demons that were around in the pre-Hellenistic religious and philosophical traditions, and of the various functions assigned to them. It examines the way in which Stoics adopted and incorporated elements from this tradition, and the extent to which their attitude changed in the course of the history of the school. It also discusses how the early Stoics conceived of the possibility of the souls survival after death. Keywords: death; demonology; demons; Hellenistic; philosophical traditions; reconstruct; soul; Stoic
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Neural cell adhesion molecule promotes accumulation of TGN organelles at sites of neuron-to-neuron contacts.

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Transformation of a contact between axon and dendrite into a synapse is accompanied by accumulation of the synaptic machinery at this site, being delivered in intracellular organelles mainly of TGN origin. Here, we report that in cultured hippocampal neurons, TGN organelles are linked via spectrin to clusters of the neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) in the plasma membrane. These complexes are translocated along neurites and trapped at sites of initial neurite-to-neurite contacts within several minutes after initial contact formation. The accumulation of TGN organelles at contacts with NCAM-deficient neurons is reduced when compared with wild-type cells, suggesting that NCAM mediates the anchoring of intracellular organelles in nascent synapses. PMID: 12438412
Planar laser-induced fluorescence measurement of the angular pattern of the cone-shaped spray

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In the present work, a PLIF-based approach for a large cone-shaped spray patternation ispresented and experimental results of its application are discussed. The patternation approach is based on simple time-averaged PLIF imaging. Special attention is paid to the image and data processing in order to simplify a patternation results interpretation. Experimental testing was performed on a water spray, formed by centrifugal nozzle at atmospheric ambient pressure. Circumferential relative concentration profiles in spray crosswise plane are presented in the paper and their validity is analysed.