jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Summary of the drug-order–specific effects.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

<p>(A) The Day 20 PIP<sup>R</sup>, TOB<sup>R</sup>, and CIP<sup>R</sup> lineages were partially or fully resensitized to piperacillin (PIP), tobramycin (TOB), and ciprofloxacin (CIP), respectively, during subsequent adaptation to the other 2 drugs and/or lysogeny broth (LB). For example, in the top plot, a one-way ANOVA of the data shown yielded <i>p</i> < 0.01, suggesting that the mean MIC<sub>PIP</sub> values of the 5 PIP<sup>R</sup> lineages being compared are different. A post-hoc Tukey’s honest significant difference (HSD) test then shows that the MIC<sub>PIP</sub> of Day 40 PIP<sup>R</sup>CIP<sup>R</sup> is significantly less than that of Day 20 PIP<sup>R</sup> (<i>p</i> < 0.05), indicating that resensitization to piperacillin occurred after subsequent ciprofloxacin adaptation but not after tobramycin (<i>p</i> = 0.90) or LB (<i>p</i> = 0.80) adaptation. Similar types of comparisons are done for the TOB<sup>R</sup> and CIP<sup>R</sup> lineages in the middle and bottom plots, and we observed that not every type of subsequent adaptation led to resensitization. The table above the plots summarizes which subsequent adaptations (columns) led to the resensitization of the 3 drugs in their respective lineages (rows). (B) The MIC<sub>TOB</sub> of Day 40 PIP<sup>R</sup>TOB<sup>R</sup> was less than that of Day 20 TOB<sup>R</sup> (<i>p</i> < 0.05, Tukey’s HSD test), while the MIC<sub>TOB</sub> of Day 1 TOB<sup>R</sup> and Day 20 PIP<sup>R</sup> were comparable. This suggests that the rate of tobramycin adaptation when there is a prior history of piperacillin adaptation is less than the rate of tobramycin adaptation when starting from the ancestor. (C) When bacteria are adapted to 2 drugs, the order of adaptation to those 2 drugs can lead to differences in the endpoint minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs). For example, in the first plot, adaptation to ciprofloxacin followed by piperacillin led to a higher final MIC<sub>PIP</sub> than the reverse order (MIC<sub>PIP</sub> of Day 40 CIP<sup>R</sup>PIP<sup>R</sup> versus Day 40 PIP<sup>R</sup>CIP<sup>R</sup>, <i>p</i> < 0.05) when they had initially comparable MIC values (MIC<sub>PIP</sub> of Day 1 PIP<sup>R</sup> versus Day 1 CIP<sup>R</sup>). The second and third plots show how the final levels of MIC<sub>PIP</sub> and MIC<sub>CIP</sub> are different when tobramycin adaptation is followed by ciprofloxacin adaptation or with the reverse order. For all 3 panels, the asterisks denote <i>p</i> < 0.05 (Tukey’s HSD test), not significant (n.s.) denotes <i>p</i> > 0.05, and the color of the asterisks denotes which drug MIC is being compared. In the plots, for each lineage being shown, the black bar denotes the mean of the 4 individual replicate values (gray dots). See <a href="http://www.plosbiology.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pbio.2001586#pbio.2001586.s018" target="_blank">S3 Data</a> for the raw data and <a href="http://www.plosbiology.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pbio.2001586#pbio.2001586.s002" target="_blank">S2 Text</a> for the calculations of the statistical tests.</p>
APPLICATION OF HYDRAULIC BRAKE HOSE TO MOTOR VEHICLES

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

<div class="section abstract"> <div class="htmlview paragraph">This recommended practice covers the application of hydraulic brake hose (as defined by SAE J1401 FEB79, Road Vehicle–Hydraulic Brake Hose Assemblies for Use with Non-Petroleum Base Hydraulic Fluids) as used to provide a flexible hydraulic connection between brake system components on motor vehicles.</div></div>
The first fluorinated cyclams

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

TABLE OF CONTENTS\n[Abstracts] / p1\n\n[CHAPTER I]\nNEW MACROCYCLIC TETRAAMINE METAL COMPLEXES APPENDED WITH AN INTRAMOLECULAR IMIDAZOLE.\n Introduction / p4\n Experimental Section / p6\n Results and Discussion / p10\n Conclusion / p28\n References / p29\n Supplementary Materials / p31\n\n[CHAPTER II]\nSYNTHESIS OF NOVEL FLUORINATED MACROCYCLIC TETRAAMINES AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF THEIR METAL COMPLEXES.\n Introduction / p39\n Experimental Section / p41\n Results and Discussion / p50\n Conclusion / p81\n References / p83
[Allelopathy of root exudates from two genotypes soybeans on root pathogenic fungi].

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

With biological simulation experiment and chemical analysis, this paper studied the allelopathy of carbohydrates, amino acids and organic acids in the root exudates from two genotypes soybeans (9536 and Jilin 30) on the pathogenic fungi of root rot. The results showed that the water soluble carbohydrates in the root exudates from test soybeans significantly promoted the growth of Fusarium oxysporium and Fusarium semitectum at low concentrations and inhibited their growth at high concentrations, but had no evident influence on Gliocladium roseum. The water soluble amino acids from the root exudates demonstrated different actions, i. e., at middle and high concentrations, those from 9536 significantly inhibited the growth of Fusarium oxysporium, Fusarium semitectum and Gliocladium roseum, while those from Jilin 30 mostly promoted their growth. The organic acids from the root exudates of 9536 and Jilin 30 significantly inhibited the growth of Fusarium oxysporium, Fusarium semitectum and Gliocladium roseum. It's suggested that there existed interactions between the root exudates of the two genotypes soybeans and the pathogenic fungi of root rot. Different genotypes of soybean may have different allelopathy on pathogenic fungi of root rot.
Testing the Stability of Preferences: A Nonparametric Approach

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Abstract A test for preference stability is developed that strengthens existing nonparametric procedures. The test uses indifference curve convexity to restrict (unobservable) compensated consumption bundles. Adding up, noninferiority, and the Slutsky equation are used to limit the range of these compensated consumption bundles. A program is proposed that simultaneously measures the changes in consumption quantities satisfying the theoretical restrictions and the expenditure elasticities minimizing the required changes. The program is applied to meat consumption data and is shown to be capable of detecting small changes in preference.
Toward Error-bounded Algorithms for Infinite-Horizon DEC-POMDPs

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Over the past few years, attempts to scale up infinite-horizon DEC-POMDPs are mainly due to approximate algorithms, but without the theoretical guarantees of their exact counterparts. In contrast, ε-optimal methods have only theoretical significance but are not efficient in practice. In this paper, we introduce an algorithmic framework (β-PI) that exploits the scalability of the former while preserving the theoretical properties of the latter. We build upon β-PI a family of approximate algorithms that can find (provably) errorbounded solutions in reasonable time. Among this family, H-PI uses a branch-and-bound search method that computes a near-optimal solution over distributions over histories experienced by the agents. These distributions often lie near structured, low-dimensional subspace embedded in the high-dimensional sufficient statistic. By planning only on this subspace, H-PI successfully solves all tested benchmarks, outperforming standard algorithms, both in solution time and policy quality.
STUDIES ON THE ENTEROPATHOGENIC, FACULTATIVELY HALOPHILIC BACTERIA, VIBRIO PARAHAEMOLYTICUS

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

In recent years, it was demonstrated that cultures of Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from human diarrheal stools were different from those from sea fish and sea water in a hemolytic activity on a special blood agar, which was named the Kanagawa phenomenon. In the present studies, the finding has been confirmed by using 3370 cultures of the vibrios. Ninety-six % of the vibrios isolated from human patients gave positive (hemolytic) reaction in the test of the phenomenon, while only one % of the vibrios from sea fish and sea water gave positive results in the test. No relationship was observed between the phenomenon and serological and biochemical characteristics.Enteropathogenicity of the cultures of the vibrios positive in the Kanagawa phenomenon was evident by the results of feeding tests according to Takikawa and Aiiso and Fujiwara and by a case of laboratory infection of the culture to a male who took gastroenteritis by administration of approximately 106 viable cells of the hemolytic vibrios in the test of the phenomenon. On the other hand, feeding tests were carried out with 15 human volunteers to clarify enteropathogenicity of the negative (non-hemolytic) vibrios. None of them took illness, although over 109 cells of the vibrios were administered. Thus, the authors considered, as a rule, that the vibrios giving negative Kanagawa phenomenon may be nonpathogenic to human beings.
International Confederation for Cleft Lip and Palate and Related Craniofacial Anomalies Task Force Report: Beyond Eurocleft

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The assigned objective for the Task Force Beyond Eurocleft was “to make recommendations for initiations of local and/or participation in multi-national cleft outcome studies and consist of individuals from the European experience with cleft outcome studies (Scandcleft, Eurocleft) and those who have initiated, or intend to initiate, similar studies in other geographical areas.” By May 2013 the Task Force (TF) consisted of 183 members from 59 countries. It was agreed that this initiative should be truly global and include all cleft specialties as well as representatives from cleft support groups in recognition of the huge commitment for improving cleft care worldwide. The vision for this group is to build a dynamic, well-functioning TF that will work globally and be multidisciplinary with inclusive and respectful behavior to improve care for all individuals born with cleft lip and/or palate. As there is a large diversity in needs and interest in the group a range of parallel approaches would be required depending on the experience, resources, and challenges of regions, teams, and individuals. Important ideas for future work were: (1) Work on a global survey of access, existing outcome studies, current collaborations, and lessons learned. (2) Work towards the creation of a lasting, living resource for newcomers to intercenter collaboration that is kept fresh with new reports, copies of relevant publications, model grant applications, and a list of volunteers with the right experience to provide support and guidance for new initiatives. (3) Develop simple online training modules to provide information about the benefits and principles of multidisciplinary care, collaborative data collection and auditing short and longer-term outcomes. (4) Establish subgroups that will work within all regions of the world with regional and national leaders identified. An evaluation of current standards of care should be undertaken and country/region specific remedies to optimize treatment outcome suggested. (5) Reach agreement on minimum standards of care, minimum record collection, and reach consensus on simple outcome measures in all disciplines. This should include all cleft types and all ages. These standards could be used to encourage governments to fund multidisciplinary care. (6) Teams will be encouraged to start and continue recordkeeping using simple and agreed protocols, according to agreed standards of minimum records and later share their data with other teams and then, embark on outcome studies. (7) Teams already active in research should: Create a register for cleft professionals and teams to reach agreement of contemporary and comprehensive multidisciplinary outcome measures, explore the possibilities using modern technology and plan large multi-national studies. A patient/parent centered data collection should always be included. These studies need funding. One task could also be exploring whether health care at a distance could be initiated using new technology.
A proposed OECD test guideline for the submerged, sediment-rooted macrophyte, myriophyllum

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Introduction Currently, the risk of herbicides to aquatic plants is evaluated from data for four algal species and a single macrophyte species, in the US, and from data for two algal species and one macrophyte species, in the EU. In both cases, the standard macrophyte test species is Lemna gibba or L. minor. In the EU, concern has been expressed that risk assessments based on Lemna species may underestimate toxicity of some chemistries to other macrophyte species, particularly sediment-rooted species. Recent guidance published from the SETAC workshop on Aquatic Macrophyte Risk Assessment for Pesticides (AMRAP) proposed that data for a rooted macrophyte species may be required under the following circumstances: • If Lemna is known not to be sensitive to the mode of action. • If Tier 1 Lemna and algal EC50 values are > 1 mg ai/L. • If partitioning to sediment is a concern. The submerged, dicotyledonous species, Myriophyllum, was selected by AMRAP participants as a suitable test species in light of prior experience and its known sensitivity to some herbicide chemistries. A protocol was then developed for validation in a pre-test (11 laboratories) and final ring-test ( 14 laboratories) as shown in Tables 1 and 5.
Hybrid Cybersecurity for Asymmetric Threats: Intrusion Detection and SCADA System Protection Innovations

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems are vulnerable to cyberattacks; hence, cybersecurity is a major concern. Hybrid methodologies using advanced machine learning (ML) may increase intrusion detection and system security. The intrusion detection algorithms have little adaptability, high false-positive rates for novel threats, and restricted feature extraction. SCADA systems are subject to sophisticated attacks. This study’s hybrid autoencoder-hybrid ResNet–long short-term memory (LSTM) (HAE–HRL) architecture includes deep feature extraction, anomaly detection, and sequential analysis. This framework uses these three methods to improve threat detection. AI can scan massive amounts of data and find patterns humans and traditional systems miss. The hybrid approach gives defenders an unequal edge. Autoencoders identify anomalies, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) extract features, and hybrid ResNet–LSTM learns temporal patterns. Cyber risks are correctly classified using this method. With SCADA security and intrusion detection, the model may considerably enhance network abnormality and hostile activity detection. According to experimental tests, HAE–HRL reduces false positives and improves detection accuracy, making it a robust cybersecurity solution.
Champions / Marvel | MMOrgue 3

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this weekâs MMOrgue, weâre digging up the dirt on the world of superhero MMOs! Join us as we don our capes and tights to take a look at the latest troubling reports from inside Marvel Universe Online, as well as examine the effects that SOEâs network security issues and subsequent outage have had on DC Universe Online. Last but not least, we examine the announcement that Atari is parting ways with Champions Online developer, Cryptic Studios. What has motivated this divestment, and what could this mean for the studioâs future and existing projects?
IT BACKSOURCING: FROM ‘MAKE OR BUY ’ TO ‘BRINGING

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Since the early 1990’s, IT outsourcing has become a popular strategy with contracts valued at billions of Euro, and durations ranging from five to ten years. Stories in the computing and business press together with reports of analyses by consultants highlight that during the life-time of some contracts, organisations have reconsidered their original decision to outsource. With this rethink, the options available are to continue with the existing vendor and the existing contract, to re-negotiate some or all of that contract with the existing vendor; to re-tender the contract or part of the contract and seek new vendors; or to backsource, bringing some or all of the previously outsourced activities back in-house. This last option has major implications for the organisation yet there is little empirical research on this final part of the outsourcing process. This paper introduces backsourcing as a legitimate strategy in the outsourcing process. An exploratory study identifies some recent examples where companies have made the decision to backsource, surfacing the rationale behind those decisions. From an analysis of the data, an end-to-end model for the outsourcing process is presented. The paper concludes with an agenda for future research.
Partnerships between special and mainstream schools

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Mainstreaming and inclusion of students with special educational needs in regular education, challenge traditional concepts and common practices. Traditionally, special education has been a parallel yet separate educational system. Even though there is almost universal agreement on the goals of inclusion and mainstreaming, special education schools have proved to be resilient and still exist in many countries. One approach to promoting the goal of inclusion is the establishment of collaborative partnerships between special and mainstream schools. This paper will discuss models of such partnerships based on a literature review and visits to partner special and mainstream schools in Israel. Positive elements of these partnerships as well as challenges involved are presented.
Monopole moments and nuclear compressibility

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The nuclear compressibility has a role in nuclear physics in several ways. Its relationship to the giant monopole is well known and has been subject of much theoretical work. Less well known is its affect on in nuclear structure, namely monopole transitions between low-lying states in the spectrum. Here I revisit the relationship between monopole and quadrupole moments in deformed nuclei. It has often been assumed without any microscopic justification that the nucleus can be treated as an incompressible fluid. An analytic formula is derived here for the resulting relationship between monopole and quadrupole moments. The formula is shown to be well satisfied within self-consistent mean-field theory calculated with several energy functionals. The formula can be tested when both monopole and quadrupole matrix elements of band-to-band transitions are known. Data is available for the decay of the first excited $K^π= 0^+$ band to the ground-state band in $^{156}$Gd, and the extracted matrix elements are found to be consistent with the incompressible fluid picture.
Impact of onychomycosis on the quality of life of patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background and Purpose: Onychomycosis is a very common cosmopolitan onychopathy. It affects the fingers and toes, which are important organs of function and socialization. They can cause physical and psychological discomfort. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of onychomycosis on patients' quality of life.Materials and Methods: This is a prospective, cross-sectional, observational study carried out in the parasitology-mycology laboratory at the Avicenne Military Hospital in Marrakesh, over a 4-month period between June and October 2022, including all patients referred to the laboratory for mycological examination of a nail lesion suspected of onychomycosis of the hands and/or feet. Results: Onychomycosis was confirmed in 50 patients. Pain, nail thickening, and dyschromia were the most commonly reported symptoms (56%). Onychomycosis had an impact on at least one of the socio-economic, emotional, or functional aspects of affected patients' lives. More than half (56%) of participants felt embarrassed by the appearance of their nails; 40% hid them, and 28% had a complex about them. The functional aspect was the most bothersome, and concerned the time spent on nail care (56%), as well as the discomfort reported when wearing shoes (40%). Women were more worried about the need to hide their nails. A duration of onychomycosis evolution of over 5 years was associated with the highest response rate to questionnaires (66%).Conclusion: Although onychomycosis is not a fatal pathology, it significantly reduces the quality of life of affected patients. There is a need to raise the level of awareness of the general population and, above all, of the medical profession to ensure comprehensive management of onychomycosis.
Minimum Bayes Risk Combination of Translation Hypotheses from Alternative Morphological Decompositions

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We describe a simple strategy to achieve trans-lation performance improvements by combin-ing output from identical statistical machine translation systems trained on alternative mor-phological decompositions of the source lan-guage. Combination is done by means of Min-imum Bayes Risk decoding over a shared N-best list. When translating into English from two highly inflected languages such as Ara-bic and Finnish we obtain significant improve-ments over simply selecting the best morpho-logical decomposition. 1
A Proposed Reference Model Framework for the Application of Computer-Based Visualisation Approaches

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This presentation provides an overview of a reference model framework (called RM-Vis) being developed by the TTCP Action Group on Information Visualization to provide the foundations for the various survey and analysis activities being undertaken by the group. A key feature of the framework is that it helps characterize visualization solutions in terms of their context of use, the visual representation and enhancement techniques used, an key features of tool support provided such as user interactions, and deployment support. Initial tool support has been developed and is being used for the characterization, identification, and showcasing of visualization solutions in the C3I domain.
Supplementary Data from Quantitative Proteomics Identifies Secreted Diagnostic Biomarkers as well as Tumor-Dependent Prognostic Targets for Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Supplementary Data from Quantitative Proteomics Identifies Secreted Diagnostic Biomarkers as well as Tumor-Dependent Prognostic Targets for Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma
Data from BRG1 Loss Predisposes Lung Cancers to Replicative Stress and ATR Dependency

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

<div>Abstract<p>Inactivation of SMARCA4/BRG1, the core ATPase subunit of mammalian SWI/SNF complexes, occurs at very high frequencies in non–small cell lung cancers (NSCLC). There are no targeted therapies for this subset of lung cancers, nor is it known how mutations in <i>BRG1</i> contribute to lung cancer progression. Using a combination of gain- and loss-of-function approaches, we demonstrate that deletion of BRG1 in lung cancer leads to activation of replication stress responses. Single-molecule assessment of replication fork dynamics in BRG1-deficient cells revealed increased origin firing mediated by the prelicensing protein, CDC6. Quantitative mass spectrometry and coimmunoprecipitation assays showed that BRG1-containing SWI/SNF complexes interact with RPA complexes. Finally, BRG1-deficient lung cancers were sensitive to pharmacologic inhibition of ATR. These findings provide novel mechanistic insight into BRG1-mutant lung cancers and suggest that their dependency on ATR can be leveraged therapeutically and potentially expanded to BRG1-mutant cancers in other tissues.</p>Significance:<p>These findings indicate that inhibition of ATR is a promising therapy for the 10% of non-small cell lung cancer patients harboring mutations in SMARCA4/BRG1.</p></div>