jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Electrical flicker-noise generated by filling and emptying of impurity states in injectors of quantum-cascade lasers

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Free running line-widths (&gt;100 kHz), much broader than intrinsic line-widths ∼100 Hz, of existing quantum-cascade lasers are governed by strong flicker frequency-noise originating from electrical flicker noise. Understanding of microscopic origins of the electrical flicker noises in quantum-cascade lasers is crucially important for the reduction of strength of flicker frequency-noise without assistances of any type of feedback schemes. In this article, an ad hoc model that is based on fluctuating charge-dipoles induced by electron trappings and de-trappings at indispensable impurity states in injector super-lattices of a quantum-cascade laser is proposed, developing theoretical framework based on the model. The validity of the present model is evaluated by comparing theoretical voltage-noise power spectral densities based on the model with experimental ones obtained by using mid-infrared quantum-cascade lasers with designed impurity-positioning. The obtained experimental results on flicker noises, in comparison with the theoretical ones, shed light on physical mechanisms, such as the inherent one due to impurity states in their injectors and extrinsic ones due to surface states on the ridge-walls and due to residual deep traps, for electrical flicker-noise generation in existing mid-infrared quantum-cascade lasers. It is shown theoretically that quasi-delta doping of impurities in their injectors leads to strong suppression of electrical flicker noise by minimization of the dipole length at a certain temperature, for instance ∼300 K and, in turn, is expected to result in substantial narrowing of the free running line-width down below 10 kHz.
PENGARUH PERDAGANGAN INTERNASIONAL TERHADAP NILAI TUKAR RUPIAH

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Fluctuations of exchange rate against in the Rupiah can be influenced by international trade which makes the Rupiah exchange rate depreciate or appreciate. The purpose of this study is to recognize the differences in the effect of international trade variables on the Rupiah exchange rate. The model considered for maintaining variables can connect the effects of international trade with the Rupiah exchange rate that occurred before using the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) method. OLS estimation shows that the independent variables, namely exports, imports, and interest rates have a significant influence on the expectations of the Rupiah exchange rate, while variable interest rates cannot significantly influence the Rupiah exchange rate. In conclusion, the export, import and interest rates policies are considered to affect the rupiah exchange rate if Indonesia does not change interest rates simultaneously and other macro policy variables.
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase (ESBL) Producing Neisseria meningitidis – Isolated from a Case of Pneumonia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Neisseria meningitidis (meningococci) is the most common cause of bacterial meningitis in all age groups. Invasive meningococcal disease manifesting as meningococcal pneumonia is a very rare clinical condition. Here we have a 72 year old male who presented with meningococcal pneumonia and sepsis following a flu like illness. It is notable that he did not develop the syndrome of meningococcemia or its associated complications. This patient was treated with injections of Piperacillin-Tazobactum and Azithromycin because of the unusual antibiotic resistance pattern of the organism. He recovered completely without any sequelae. The meningococci isolated was an ESBL (extended spectrum beta lactamase) producing strain, hence it was resistant to Penicillin and third generation Cephalosporins which are usually used for the treatment of meningococcal infections .This strain was also resistant to Ciprofloxacin .This poses a threat to the community as well, especially because Ciprofloxacin is used as a chemo prophylactic drug by the contacts of the patient and the laboratory workers dealing with the patient’s clinical samples.
Contact tracing management of a measles case in a paediatric hospital: experience of the local public health unit, Portugal, January 2024

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

In January 2024, a child was diagnosed with measles in a paediatric hospital in Lisbon. Of 123 contacts, 39 (32%) were not fully immunised, presenting a risk for a potential outbreak. The public health unit initiated control measures and identified challenges during the response, such as the lack of interoperability between information systems and accessing vaccination records. The lessons learned prompted changes to national contact tracing procedures for measles, further strengthening Portugal’s preparedness.
The Burden of Hospital Readmissions among Pediatric Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To evaluate the burden and predictors of hospital readmissions among pediatric patients with inflammatory bowel disease using the Nationwide Readmissions Database. Study design We performed a retrospective cohort study using 2013 Nationwide Readmissions Database. International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes were used to identify patients <18 years with diagnoses of ulcerative colitis (UC) or Crohn's disease (CD). Demographic factors and details of hospitalizations were evaluated using survey procedures in SAS v 9.4 (SAS Institute, Cary, North Carolina). Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate ORs and 95% CIs of readmission. Results Among 2733 hospitalizations (63% CD, 37% UC), 611 (22%) patients were readmitted within 90 days of the index hospitalization. Readmission resulted in weighted estimates of 11 440 excess days of hospitalization and total charges of over $107 million. For CD, male sex (aOR 1.36, 95% CI 1.03-1.81) and co-existing anxiety or depression (aOR 1.89, 95% CI 1.06-3.40) were associated with increased readmissions, while patients who underwent surgery had decreased readmissions (aOR 0.40, 95% CI 0.24-0.65). In patients with UC, an index admission of >7 days was associated with increased readmissions (aOR 1.69, 95% CI 1.09-2.62). Conclusions Readmission occurs frequently in children with inflammatory bowel disease and is associated with significant cost and resource burdens. Among patients with CD, psychiatric comorbidities such as anxiety and depression are apparent drivers of readmission.
An ergodic theorem for evolution in a random environment

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Let w 1 , w 12 and w 2 be the fitnesses of genotypes A 1 A 1 , A 1 A 2 and A 2 A 2 in an infinite diploid population, and let p n be the A 1 , gene frequency in the n th generation. If fitness varies independently from generation to generation, then p n is a Markov process with a continuum of states. If E [In( w i / w 12 )] < 0 for i = 1, 2, then there is a unique stationary probability, and the distribution of p n converges to it as n → ∞.
The Arduous Process of Climate Change Negotiations: How Science Can Facilitate the Desired Outcome

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Effective interaction between climate science and policy is important for moving climate negotiations forward to reach an ambitious global climate change deal. Lack of progress in the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) negotiations during recent years is a good reason for taking a closer look at the process of climate science–policy interaction to identify and eliminate existing shortcomings hindering climate policymaking. This paper examines the current state of climate science–policy interaction and suggests ways to integrate scientific input into the UNFCCC process more effectively. Suggestions relate to improvement in institutional structures, processes and procedures of the UNFCCC and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), quality of scientific input, credibility of scientific message and public awareness of climate change.
Polypeptide Synthesis In Response To 20-hydroxyecdysone, With Particular Reference To Calcium Binding Proteins, In The Epidermis Of A Larval Insect

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Epidermal cells respond to 20-hydroxyecdysone (20HE) by altering their morphology, rate of proliferation and level of cell-to-cell communication. This response depends on polypeptide synthesis.;To study changes in polypeptide synthesis induced by 20HE, epidermal polypeptides from the midinstar larvae of the mealworm Tenebrio molitor were separated by one- and two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). {dollar}\\sp{lcub}35{rcub}{dollar}S-methionine-labelled (non-cuticular) polypeptides were extracted from cells incubated either in the absence or presence of 2 ug/ml 20HE (4 uM) for 14-16 h in vitro. Cells incubated with the hormone incorporated 28% more label into polypeptides. Over 250 polypeptides were detected in total cell lysates by this technique. Polypeptides that showed altered rates of synthesis in response to 20HE treatment were identified and characterized. The relative synthetic rate of 54 polypeptides was affected by 20HE; 21 had a raised synthetic rate. The synthetic rate of most "down-regulated" 20HE-sensitive polypeptides began to drop at 10{dollar}\\sp{lcub}-3{rcub}{dollar} ug/ml 20HE, whereas that of most "up-regulated" polypeptides increased only at concentrations above 10{dollar}\\sp{lcub}-1{rcub}{dollar} ug/ml. An early response to 20HE, involving the synthesis of a 43 kD polypeptide de novo, was seen. It was first detectable after 2 h of exposure to hormone, and peaked after 4 h. The synthesis of this 43 kD polypeptide is selectively enhanced by the addition of 10{dollar}\\sp{lcub}-2{rcub}{dollar} ug/ml cycloheximide to medium containing 20HE. The long term effect (12-16 h) of 20HE on polypeptide synthesis in subcellular fractions of the epidermis was also examined. The polypeptide content of the nuclear, mitochondrial/lysosomal, microsomal and soluble fractions all changed in response to 20HE.;Calcium-binding proteins (CaBPs) were isolated by Ca{dollar}\\sp{lcub}2+{rcub}{dollar}-dependent hydrophobic interaction chromatography followed by PAGE. The overall effect of 20HE is to depress CaBP synthesis. Of the 17 newly-synthesized CaBPs detected in total cell lysates, the relative synthetic rate of twelve was depressed while that of only one apparently raised during exposure to 20HE. Most newly-synthesized CaBPs identified were found in the cytosolic fraction of epidermis. The distribution of one CaBP (Mr 32,000) shifted from the cytosolic to the microsomal fraction on adding Ca{dollar}\\sp{lcub}2+{rcub}{dollar} (this was inhibited by adding EGTA) to the cell extract before fractionation. The synthesis of this polypeptide was depressed by the presence of 20HE. (Abstract shortened with permission of author.)
Central limit theorem for fluctuations of linear eigenvalue statistics of large random graphs

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We consider the adjacency matrix $A$ of a large random graph and study fluctuations of the function $f_n(z,u)=\frac{1}{n}\sum_{k=1}^n\exp\{-uG_{kk}(z)\}$ with $G(z)=(z-iA)^{-1}$. We prove that the moments of fluctuations normalized by $n^{-1/2}$ in the limit $n\to\infty$ satisfy the Wick relations for the Gaussian random variables. This allows us to prove central limit theorem for $\hbox{Tr}G(z)$ and then extend the result on the linear eigenvalue statistics $\hbox{Tr}ϕ(A)$ of any function $ϕ:\mathbb{R}\to\mathbb{R}$ which increases, together with its first two derivatives, at infinity not faster than an exponential.
Esotericism, That's for White Folks, Right?

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Newcomers to the study of Western esotericism may be forgiven for thinking that esotericism is indeed just “for white folks.” The vast majority of scholarship in the field of Western esotericism has consistently overlooked black esoteric figures, movements, and currents, despite the fact that African Americans have been among the most innovative and influential practitioners in the history of esoteric thought. Consider, for instance, the following case.
(GO)2-SIM: A GCM-Oriented Ground-Observation Forward-Simulator Framework for Objective Evaluation of Cloud and Precipitation Phase

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

General circulation model (GCM) evaluation using ground-based observations is complicated by inconsistencies in hydrometeor and phase definitions. Here we describe (GO)<sup>2</sup>-SIM, a forward-simulator designed for objective hydrometeor phase evaluation, and assess its performance over the North Slope of Alaska using a one-year GCM simulation. For uncertainty quantification, 18 empirical relationships are used to convert model grid-average hydrometeor (liquid and ice, cloud and precipitation) water contents to zenith polarimetric micropulse lidar and Ka-band Doppler radar measurements producing an ensemble of 576 forward-simulation realizations. Sensor limitations are represented in forward space to objectively remove from consideration model grid cells with undetectable hydrometeor mixing ratios, some of which may correspond to numerical noise. \n<p><p>\nPhase classification in forward space is complicated by the inability of sensors to measure ice and liquid signals distinctly. However, signatures exist in lidar-radar space such that thresholds on observables can be objectively estimated and related to hydrometeor phase. The proposed phase classification technique leads to misclassification in fewer than 8&thinsp;% of hydrometeor-containing grid cells. Such misclassifications arise because, while the radar is capable of detecting mixed-phase conditions, it can mistake water- for ice-dominated layers. However, applying the same classification algorithm to forward-simulated and observed fields should generate hydrometeor phase statistics with similar uncertainty. Alternatively, choosing to disregard how sensors define hydrometeor phase leads to frequency of occurrence discrepancies of up to 40&thinsp;%. So, while hydrometeor phase maps determined in forward space are very different from model "reality" they capture the information sensors can provide and thereby enable objective model evaluation.
Attractiveness of Gothic villains : an exploration of sexuality and monstrosity in gothic fiction.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The Gothic notion of villainy is both necessary and significant, making it very complex and elusive. Mr. Hyde, when introduced to us in the opening chapter of Robert Louis Stevenson’s The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, is guilty of committing a heinous crime: “[T]he man trampled calmly over the child’s body… It sounds like nothing to hear, but it was hellish to see” (Stevenson 8). Hyde’s explicit malevolence is horrifying yet unmistakably attractive. In Bram Stoker’s Dracula, Jonathan Harker displays interest over the Count through his vivid description of him. He writes in his diary: “The mouth, so far as I could see it under the heavy moustache, was fixed and rather cruel-looking, with peculiarly sharp white teeth . . .” (Stoker 25). These detailed observations of the Count hint that Jonathan is visually attracted to him despite his abnormal qualities. On the contrary, the monster in Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein exhibits a monstrous physique that is so hideous that Victor Frankenstein exclaims, “breathless horror and disgust filled my heart” (Shelley 55). Yet, Victor leaves his wife, Elizabeth, in search of the monster on his wedding-night. The characters’ strange attachment towards the three “monsters” suggests the very contradiction of danger becoming attractive. But why is that so?
The New TNM Classification and Stage Grouping of Intrathoracic Oesophageal Carcinoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Journal Article The New TNM Classification and Stage Grouping of Intrathoracic Oesophageal Carcinoma Get access P. Hermanek, P. Hermanek *Departments of Surgical Pathology of the University of Erlangen, FRG 1Reprint requests should be addressed to: Ph. Paul Hermanek, Chir. Univ.-Klinik Maximiliansplatz 1, W-8520 Erlangen, FRG Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar B. Husemann, B. Husemann **Departments of Surgery of the University of Erlangen, FRG Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar W. Hohenberger W. Hohenberger **Departments of Surgery of the University of Erlangen, FRG Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Diseases of the Esophagus, Volume 4, Issue 2, 1 August 1991, Pages 77–83, https://doi.org/10.1093/dote/4.2.77 Published: 01 August 1991
Buchi Determinization Made Tighter

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

By separating the principal acceptance mechanism from the concrete acceptance condition of a given Büchi automaton with $n$ states,Schewe presented the construction of an equivalent deterministic Rabin transition automaton with $o((1.65n)^n)$ states via \emph{history trees}, which can be simply translated to a standard Rabin automaton with $o((2.26n)^n)$ states. Apart from the inherent simplicity, Schewe's construction improved Safra's construction (which requires $12^nn^{2n}$ states). However, the price that is paid is the use of $2^{n-1}$ Rabin pairs (instead of $n$ in Safra's construction). Further, by introducing the \emph{later introduction record} as a record tailored for ordered trees, deterministic automata with Parity acceptance condition is constructed which exactly resembles Piterman's determinization with Parity acceptance condition where the state complexity is $O((n!)^2)$ and the index complexity is $2n$.In this paper, we improve Schewe's construction to $2^{\lceil (n-1)/2\rceil}$ Rabin pairs with the same state complexity. Meanwhile, we give a new determinization construction of Parity automata with the state complexity being $o(n^2(0.69n\sqrt{n})^n)$ and index complexity being $n$.
[Mechanisms of thrombocyte aggregation in experimental hypoparathyroidism].

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Inhibitors of thromboxane synthetase (imidazole), cyclooxygenase (indomethacin), phospholipase A2 (Mepacrine) were used in the experiments on rabbits with experimental hypoparathyroidism to study the role of aggregation factors in the changes of ADP- and collagen-induced platelet aggregation. The enhancement of arachidonic acid metabolism and the release of platelet aggregation factor are discussed.
The effect of self-assessment on academic performance and the role of explicitness: a meta-analysis

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

It has been suggested for many years that students who are able to judge their own performance should do well in academic assessments. Despite the increasing number of empirical studies investigating the effect of self-assessment on academic performance, there has not been a recent synthesis of findings in the higher education context. The current meta-analysis aims to synthesise the effects of self-assessment on academic performance. In particular, it examines the difference between situations in which the process of self-assessment is revealed or observable (explicit) or not revealed or unobservable (implicit). A total of 98 effect sizes from 26 studies either reported a comparison between a group with self-assessment interventions and a control group (n = 20, k = 88) or a pre-post comparison (n = 6, k = 10). The overall effect of such interventions was significant (g = .455). Self-assessment interventions involving explicit feedback from others on students' performance had a significantly larger effect size (g = .664) than those without explicit feedback (g = .213). There were no other significant moderators identified for either the overall effect or the effect of interventions involving explicit feedback.Supplemental data for this article is available online at http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02602938.2021.2012644 .
Follicular trapping of hapten-erythrocyte-antibody complexes in mouse spleen.

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

In this study we followed the in vivo fate and distribution of hapten-coupled sheep red blood cells (TNP-SRBC) coated with 125I-labelled anti-hapten antibody in mice. The majority of these complexes was rapidly taken up by the liver, and by macrophages in the marginal zone of the spleen. Within a few hours, however, marginal zone labelling diminished and label appeared in the corona of lymphoid follicles. After 1-7 days the only remaining label was associated with areas of follicular dendritic cells. This follicular trapping was abolished by decomplementing mice with cobra venom factor. These results, therefore, demonstrate that immune complexes made with a large, particulate antigen are retained for long periods in lymphoid follicles in an analogous fashion to soluble complexes. We assume (but have not proved) that the complexes retained by dendritic cells contain soluble erythrocyte antigens released from macrophages, rather than intact RBC. This possibility is strengthened by the presence of significant amounts of free, functional antibody in the circulation of mice given TNP-SRBC coated with antibody in vitro. The possible significance of immune complex trapping in antibody-induced suppression of anti-RBC responses is discussed.
Effect of different slaughter methods on quality of Oreochromis sp. fillets

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

To improve the flesh quality of tilapia,we studied the effects on flesh quality of tilapia by different slaughter methods. Tilapia were slaughtered by four different methods as follow:( Ⅰ) bleeding followed by immersion in ice / water slurry for 20 minutes,( Ⅱ) immersion in ice/water slurry for 20 minutes,( Ⅲ) percussive stunning,( Ⅳ) percussive stunning followed by bleeding and immersion in water for 20 minutes. TVB-N values,Ca2 +-ATPase activity,color and texture profile analysis( TPA) were measured during iced storage. The results show that TVB-N values of four groups increase signally,and Ca2 +-ATPase activities of four groups decrease obviously during iced storage. TVB-N values in group Ⅱand Ⅲ are significantly lower than that in group Ⅰ and Ⅳ. Group Ⅱand Ⅲ are benefit for retaining freshness during iced storage,while group Ⅲ and Ⅳ are conducive to maintaining Ca2 +-ATPase activity. Fillets of group Ⅱand Ⅲ become paler than that of group Ⅱand Ⅲ,and fillets of group Ⅱand Ⅲ have higher redness than groupⅠand Ⅳ. Hardness,chewiness and gumminess in fillets of four groups decreased significantly during iced storage. Texture quality in group Ⅲ maintains better than that in other groups. In conclusion,percussive stunning is the optimum to kill tilapia in the four methods.