jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Neurosurgical position causes peripheral nerve injuries?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Positioning during neurosurgical procedures is a challenge for surgical teams even if precautions are taken, the mechanisms underlying peripheral nerve injury (elongation, compression or ischaemia) are latent and it is important to know the frequency of occurrence in our environment. To analyse the frequency of peripheral nerve injury secondary to surgical positioning. Prospective study including 163 patients scheduled for neurosurgical procedures. Four groups: supine, lateral, ventral and park bench were analysed by neurological exploration in order to detect injury and relate with risk factors already described. In this study 112 patients were included, two patients who were under park bench position experienced paresthesias in ulnar region of less than 24 hours’ duration; statistically significant correlation with body weight greater than 85 kg. The incidence of peripheral nerve injury is low, understanding the mechanisms that may originate it helps towards prevention and early detection of complications. El posicionamiento durante el procedimiento neuroquirúrgico es un desafío para el equipo quirúrgico, aun cuando se tomen precauciones los mecanismos causantes de lesión de nervio periférico por elongación, isquemia o compresión es latente y es importante conocer la frecuencia de presentación en nuestro medio. Analizar la frecuencia de lesión nerviosa periférica secundaria al posicionamiento quirúrgico. Se estudió prospectivamente a 163 pacientes (18 a 65 años) llevados a procedimientos neuroquirúrgicos. Grupos de acuerdo con posición quirúrgica programada: decúbito dorsal, decúbito lateral, decúbito ventral y park bench (PB). Se hizo una exploración neurológica detallada al ingreso, al egreso y a las 24 h postoperatorias con el fin de detectar clínica de lesión y relación con factores de riesgo descritos en otras series. Se obtuvieron datos completos en 112 pacientes, 2 pacientes posicionados en PB presentaron parestesias en la región cubital con duración menor a 24 h; correlación estadísticamente significativa con peso corporal mayor de 85 kg. La frecuencia de presentación de lesión de nervio periférico es baja, la comprensión de los mecanismos que pueden originarlo ayudan a la prevención y detección temprana de complicaciones.
Syringe liposculpture.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This article presents syringe liposculpture, a technique for the treatment of localized fat deposits, to remodel the body and the face, using disposable syringes and fine-tip cannulas. In March 1989, the author started working on a combination of syringe liposculpture and superficial liposuction to treat the superficial layer of fat, resulting in "superficial liposculpture." Syringe liposculpture of the face can offer an alternative to rhytidoplasty. This is a gentle facial recontouring procedure and a complement to other techniques to improve the appearance with minimal morbidity through a simple, fast procedure with the patient under local anesthesia and no need for hospitalization.
Small and medium-sized enterprises in the conditions of crisis in Kazakhstan

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The article considered trends in the development of small and medium-sized businesses in Kazakhstan. Based on the analysis, the key problems of the business were identified and recommendations were given to overcome them. The purpose of the study is to identify problems, substantiate and develop recommendations for the development of businesses Kazakhstan in a crisis. The scientific and practical significance of this article is the formation, based on the results of the study, of directions that contribute to the improvement of programs for the development of small and medium-sized enterprises in the country. The main research results in this article are the following provisions: the need to create effective tools for businesses in the real sector, especially in the regions of the country, taking into account current market trends was identified; the need to improve the quality of human resources is justified; measures are proposed to further strengthen the interaction between the state and entrepreneurship, in particular, an increase in financing for the development of export programs for businesses. The value of the conducted research is the generalization and analysis of the collected statistical information and, based on it, the identification of the main problems facing small and medium-sized enterprises in the new realities.The practical significance of the research article lies in the fact that the results and proposals can be used in the development and adjustment of programs for the development of entrepreneurship in the small and medium segment.
Flavonoid profile and antioxidant activity of pink guava

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This article determines ascorbic acid, total phenolic content and the antioxidant capacity of whole fruit, flesh, and skin fractions of two varieties of pink guava widely produced in Malaysia (semenyih and sungkai).They were analysed and specific flavonoid compounds (apigenin, isorhamentin, kaempferol, luteolin, myricetin, and quercetin) were determined.Ascorbic acid, total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity was found to be higher in semenyih than in sungkai, mainly in the skin fraction.The predominant flavonoid in all pink guava fractions was kaempferol, with sungkai flesh having the highest kaempferol content.The pink guava represents an important source of antioxidant flavonoid compounds that may have health benefits.
Going Paperless: Using Electronic Questionnaires to Improve the Quality of Well-Child Checkups

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

OBJECTIVE At our large, university-affiliated primary care clinic, we aimed to enhance the quality of well-child checkups (WCCs) to align with Bright Futures/American Academy of Pediatrics recommendations. Our primary goal was to increase the rate of complete WCCs from 45.6% to 80% by April 2024. Our secondary aims were to ensure WCC improvement for all language groups and to increase referrals to 2 community partners. METHODS A multidisciplinary team initiated a quality improvement project primarily focused on transitioning from paper-based to electronic questionnaires for patient screenings. Clinic processes were developed to assist families in completing questionnaires. The percentage of complete WCCs was the primary outcome measure. We defined complete WCCs as those that included note documentation of all required patient-reported elements. Our primary outcome measure was analyzed by using statistical process control charts to identify special cause variation. RESULTS We reviewed 51 809 WCCs from July 2022 to April 2024, and the rate of complete WCCs improved from 45.6% to 84.7%. We significantly improved the rates for all measured aspects of WCCs as follows: 7 different common pediatric questionnaires and 7 routine WCC assessments. Referrals to 2 community nutrition and literacy resources increased. Despite large improvements across all language groups, disparities remained for patients who spoke languages other than English. CONCLUSIONS Transitioning to electronic questionnaires and revised clinic procedures led to more comprehensive WCCs and connected more families with community resources. Although progress was made across all language groups, we note ongoing challenges in eliminating disparities.
The effect of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and CTGF antibody on collagen secretion of chicken tendon synovial cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Objective
To investigate the effect of CTGF and CTGF antibody in different concentration on collagen secretion of tendon synovial cells.

Methods
From February, 2014 to August, 2014, tendon synovial cells were obtained from LegHorn chicken tendon synovial tissues and cultured in Petri dish with incremental concentration of CTGF or CTGF antibody, ELISA was used to detect secretion of collagen Ⅰ/Ⅲ.

Results
The secretion of collagenⅠincreased gradually as the concentration of CTGF elevating from 5 ng/ml to 50 ng/ml, there were significant differences between the groups (P < 0.05) . While the secretion of collagen Ⅲincreased gradually as the concentration of CTGF elevating from 10 ng/ml to 200 ng/ml, no significant difference was observed between the other groups. CollagenⅠof synovial cells showed a downward trend on secretion when cultured with CTGF antibody as the concentration elevating from 8 μg/ml to 32 μg/ml, there were significant differences between the groups (P < 0.05) . While the secretion of collagen Ⅲ showed a downward trend when cultured with CTGF antibody of the concentration 4 μg/ml, there was no significant difference between the other groups.

Conclusion
CTGF can promote collagen secretion of synovial cells in vitro with an optimal concentration, the concentration was 50 ng/ml (collagen I) , 200 ng/ml (collagen III) . CTGF antibody can inhibit collagen secretion of synovial cell.

Key words:
Connective tissue growth factor; Synovial cells; Collagen; Chicken
The Negotiability of Promissory Notes and Bills of Exchange in the Time of Chief Justice Holt

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract This paper explores the development of bills of exchange and promissory notes in England during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. It will be argued that the early law of negotiability was founded on a principled interpretation of the common law and that parliament's eventual rejection of this law resulted in a half-century of confusion. This time period, however, was fundamental in the development of the modern principle of negotiability as the courts struggled to create a workable framework for the transfer of written instruments. This paper examines the early conceptual difficulty of transferring written instruments and studies why bills of exchange were capable of transfer, despite the common law's bar on the assignment of choses in action, whereas promissory notes were not considered transferable at common law prior to the eighteenth century. The most important figure for the development of this area was Chief Justice Holt, whose legal interpretation of the transferability of bills of exchange was based on clearly defined and long-standing principles of common law. This interpretation of the common law was viewed as a hindrance to trade, and in response to Holt CJ's decisions, parliament passed the Statute of Anne 1704, allowing promissory notes to be transferable in the same manner as bills of exchange. This began to collapse the distinction between bills of exchange and promissory notes, which created numerous conceptual difficulties in the law of negotiable instruments. It was not until the case of Grant v Vaughan, heard in 1764, that the courts fully developed a new framework for the negotiability of written instruments. This early law displays the difficulty that courts had in developing the underlying principles of the assignment of written instruments, and deciphering its development is fundamental in understanding the modern principle of negotiability. Additional informationNotes on contributorsMatthew DylagI am indebted to Professor Michelle Cumyn who turned my attention to this fascinating area of law and whose insightful comments helped mould this paper into its present state. I am also grateful to the two anonymous referees who provided helpful feedback on earlier drafts of this paper.
Nutritional Value and Digestibility of Fermented Shrimp Head Waste Meal by African Catfish Clarias gariepinus

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Feeding trials and digestibility studies were conducted in recirculatory systems to assess the effect of replacing fish meal with 0, 5, 10, 20, 30 and 40% fermented shrimp head waste meal (FSHM) in practical diets for African catfish Clarias gariepinus. The different levels of FSHM were mixed with other ingredients to formulate 40% protein diets (Diets 1-6). The diets were fed to fingerlings of C. gariepinus (12.0± 0.03g) at 3% body weight per day for 84 days. The effect of the diets on the growth, carcass and mineral compositions of the fishes were evaluated. Results showed no significant variation (p>0.05) in apparen t digestibility coefficient (ADC) of nutrients ADC and ADC , protein efficiency ratio (PER), food protein energy conversion ratio (FCR) and hepasomatic index of the fishes fed all the diets. However, the fishes fed diets (1-5) had similar (p>0.05) mean weight gain (MWG) and specific growth rate (SGR), which differed significantly (p<0.05) from the MWG and SGR of the group of fishes fed diet 6. Carcass yield and mineral depositions differed marginally in the fishes fed the various diets. Comparative costs analyses indicated that the best profit margin would be realized by replacing fish meal with 30% FSHM in the diet of the fish.
BIOLOGICAL MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR EFFECTS OF IONIZING RADIATION

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The ionising radiation is a common tool in medicine as a diagnostic and therapeutic agent. The initial damage to DNA and chromosomes may result in either cell death, which can cause early tissue damage, or the conversion of cells into malignancy and, ultimately, cancer, increasing concerns about radiation protection in a number of exposure scenarios, including occupational and environmental exposure (such as radon). The scientific community must constantly refresh and enhance its understanding of the mechanisms behind the induction of radiation effects in biological targets in order to optimise the usage of ionising radiation and the accompanying radiation safeguarding techniques.
Strategies to Obtain Encapsulation and Controlled Release of Pentamidine in Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Pentamidine (PTM), an antiprotozoal agent used in clinics as pentamidine isethionate salt (PTM-S), recently showed high potential also for the treatment of cancer and myotonic dystrophy type I. However, a severe limit to the systemic administration of PTM is represented by its nephrotoxicity, leading to the need for a system able to achieve a controlled release of the drug. In this study, mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) were employed for the first time to encapsulate PTM. PTM-S was first used for loading experiments into bare (MSN-OH) and aminopropyl, cyanopropyl and carboxypropyl-functionalized MSNs (MSN-NH2, MSN-CN and MSN-COOH respectively) but it was not adequately loaded in any MSNs. The free base of PTM (PTM-B) was then obtained from PTM-S and successfully loaded into MSNs. Specifically, MSN-COOH exhibited the highest loading capacity. In vitro evaluation of PTM-B kinetic release from the different MSNs was carried out. An influence of the functional groups in slowing the release of the drug, when compared to bare MSNs was observed. Altogether, these results demonstrate that MSN-COOH could be a promising system to achieve a controlled release of PTM.
Foreign Language Reading Comprehension in the Context of Internet Use

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Reading comprehension is a complex mental performance of an individual, which is strongly influenced by the modern phenomenon of the use of the Internet. The main goal of the study is to examine the relationship between foreign language reading comprehension (in English and German) and the Internet use (time spent on the Internet, the Internet addiction). The results of the research confirmed negative relationship between the time spent online and reading comprehension in German. Internet addiction is positively correlated with reading comprehension in English, this relationship is influenced by demographic variables of students’ gender and the type of school attended.
Short‐term lindane effects on gill tissue metabolism of the EEL∗

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Previous works on lindane toxicology of Anguilla anguilla in our laboratory showed that 0.67 ppm of lindane was the 50% lethal concentration at 96 h. Lactate, cholesterol and total lipids in eel gill tissue were analysed after 0.167 ppm lindane treatment (1/4 LC50). Lactate levels increased significantly after 6h treatment with respect to the control values. Cholesterol decreased after 6h treatment and continues decreasing gradually until 96h treatment. Total lipids increase after 6h treatment but these values decrease between 12 and 96h. The results are discussed in relation to the stress effect produced by the pesticide and the related responses of the fish.
Primary care physician practices, recommendations, and barriers to the provision of routine and voluntary vaccinations in Japan

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

目的 : わが国のプライマリ・ケア医のワクチンの接種状況, 接種推奨の割合および障壁を明らかにする.方法 : 2012年に日本プライマリ・ケア連合学会に属する医師から3000名を無作為抽出し質問紙調査を行った.結果 : 卒後2年以内など119名を除外した2881名のうち, 744名より回答を得た (有効回答率25.8%). 接種状況および接種推奨の割合は, 定期接種が29.0～91.4%および58.2～70.2%, 任意接種が15.2～89.5%および14.1～50.9%であった. 定期接種推奨の際の医師側の障壁は, 接種スケジュールの複雑さ, 被接種者・保護者の考えが多く, 被接種者側の障壁は, ワクチンの安全性, 対象疾患の理解不足が多かった. 任意接種推奨の障壁は医師, 被接種者側ともに, 接種費用負担, 安全性が多かった.結論 : わが国のプライマリ・ケア医のワクチンの接種状況, 接種推奨の割合および障壁の現状が明らかとなった.
Breast cancer diagnosis based on ultrasound RF echo modeling and physician's level of confidence

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A number of researchers have shown that the ultrasound RF echo from tissue exhibits (1/f ) /sup /spl beta// characteristics and developed tissue characterization methods based on the fractal parameter of the received signal. In this paper a new model for the received ultrasound RF data has been proposed, namely the fractional differencing auto regressive moving-average (FARMA) model, whose parameters were investigated for their ability to differentiate between benign and malignant tumors. Along with the FARMA model parameters, the patient's age and the radiologist's pre-biopsy level of suspicion (LOS) were used as additional features to increase the characterization performance. 120 in vivo B-scan images obtained from 90 patients were used during the modeling and estimation procedures. The area under the receiver operator characteristics (ROC) curve yields a value of 0.8723, with a confidence interval of [0.8512, 0.8945], at a significance level of 0.05. These results indicate that the proposed tissue characterization method can be used as a second opinion to aid the radiologist decision criteria.
Estimation of the level of homocysteine and vitamin B12 in serum of patients with hypothyroidism

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In this study, homocysteine and vitamin B12 levels were measured in patients with hypothyroidism in Salahdin Governorate. The study was conducted at the Tigris Educational Hospital in Tikrit. Blood samples were taken from patients with hypothyroidism (40 cases) with thyroid deficiency and 30 healthy (non-infected) subjects. Their ages ranged between 25-35 years. The study found that there was a significant increase p<0.05 in the homocysteine level compared to the healthy Individuals as control group. The study also showed a significant decrease in the level of vitamin B12 for patients p <0.05 compared to healthy individuals . http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjps.24.2019.011
Circadian periodicity of the time of onset of acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We investigated the chronobiological parameters of acute gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding in 51 patients able to time-specify the onset of bleeding within 30 min of occurrence. Bleeding was determined to be either from the upper or lower GI tract. The upper GI bleeding group consisted of 32 patients (22 male, 10 female) who bled from peptic ulcer disease (16), Mallory-Weiss tear (4), gastritis (3), esophageal varices (3), gastric neoplasm (2), Dieulafoy's lesion (1), and unknown (3). The lower GI bleeding group consisted of 19 patients (9 male, 10 female) who bled from diverticulosis coli (5), hemorrhoids (2), arteriovenous malformations (2), colonic polyps (2), cecal ulcer (1), antibiotic-associated colitis (1), and unknown (6). Rhythmicity was evaluated by inferential statistics. The time of onset of lower GI bleeding (34 episodes) displayed significant circadian periodicity (p = 0.014) with its peak at 1100 h. Single cosinor analysis revealed: MESOR-1.42 (95% CI = 0.86- 1.97); amplitude = 1.22 (0.44-1.99); phase angle = -165.12 (-201.66 -128.58). Upper GI bleeding (42 episodes) displayed no circadian periodicity (p = 0.46). When both upper and lower GI bleeding were evaluated together, no circadian rhythm was evident (p = 0.07). We conclude that there is a circadian periodicity in the time of onset of only acute lower GI bleeding with its peak at 1100 h. The pacemaker of this periodicity remains unknown.
Predicting large vessel occlusion with a clinical scale

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A series of landmark studies in 2015 showed that endovascular therapy (EVT) for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) offers substantial benefit to patients with AIS with large vessel occlusion (LVO).1 More recent studies have demonstrated the benefit of EVT treatment up to 24 hours after the onset of stroke symptoms.2,3 On the basis of these studies, patients with AIS suspected of having LVO are triaged to higher-level stroke centers—thrombectomy-capable stroke centers or comprehensive stroke centers—for potential EVT treatment. Clinical suspicion (e.g., high NIH Stroke Scale [NIHSS] score, findings on neurologic examination) for LVO guides patient triage, but this approach typically lacks specificity and may result in unnecessary transfers.
Embedded (Lead) Users as Catalysts to Product Diffusion

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Firms can harness social user networks not only for ideation, but also to accelerate and facilitate diffusion of new product introductions. They select individuals whose own product adoptions and opinions influence adoption decisions of others. In this paper we transfer this rationale to firm employees. We focus on ‘embedded users’ who are employees of a firm, but at the same time users of the firm's products. We aim to find out if their access to user networks, use experience and lead userness impact their opinion leadership and domain‐specific innovativeness. We also show how cognitive empathy towards external users is a mechanism to explain these relationships. Drawing on the user innovation and consumer behaviour literature, we derive and test eight hypotheses on a sample of 54 firm employees in gaming hardware firms. We find that lead userness is positively related to domain‐specific innovativeness and opinion leadership, but use experience only to the former. Cognitive empathy mediates all relationships in our study. To facilitate embedded users' tendency to act as opinion leaders and to adopt new products, managers should encourage their employees to use the firm's products to build use experience and thus develop cognitive empathy towards external users.