jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Application of Electrical Resistivity and Hydrochemistry Methods for Mapping Groundwater Contamination around Okun Ilashe Island Area, Lagos State, Southwestern Nigeria

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

An application of Electrical Resistivity and hydrochemistry investigation involving Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) and water quality analysis was conducted around Okun Ilashe Island area of Lagos state, southwestern Nigeria where there have been reported cases of groundwater contamination. The hydrochemical analysis was performed on five water samples in the area; two from boreholes and others from hand dug wells. Present study investigation showed that the groundwater had been contaminated by hydrocarbon arising from pipeline leakages in the studied area. The hydrocarbon contaminated plumes are specially characterized by relatively high resistivity values (> 800 Ω-m) and were delineated to a depth of about 12 m. Hydrochemical results showed that three of the sampled water have higher total dissolved solids (TDS) (>400 ppm) in compared to the remaining water samples. The major ions identified includes Na+, K+, Cl, Mg2+, Ca2+ and NO3-. Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) and Electrical Conductivity (EC) showed values not in agreement with WHO standards values. Ten (10) Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) stations were occupied along four traverse lines trending E-W direction. The vertical electrical sounding results indicate maximum of four subsurface layers; Top soil, hydrocarbon contaminated sand, clay/clayey sand and sand/sandy clay. The contaminant plume has migrated to a significant depth of 12 m thus posing an inherent danger to the inhabitant of the area.
On the Solution Value of the Continuous p-Center Location Problem on a Graph

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Let G = (V, E) be an undirected graph with positive edge lengths. Let r p denote the solution value to the continuous p-center location problem on G. We prove that r p is of the form r p = T/2q, where T is the length of an Euler tour of a subgraph of G which belongs to one of four possible types, and q is an integer, 1 ≤ q ≤ 2p. We also discuss algorithmic implications of this result.
High-temperature processing of GaN: The influence of the annealing ambient on strain in GaN

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Using micro-Raman scattering we have investigated the influence of the annealing ambient on the high-temperature processing of GaN. Compressive strain is found in GaN layers after high-temperature processing in oxygen-containing atmospheres. This strain is significantly enhanced by the addition of water vapor to the annealing ambient, suggesting the enhanced inclusion of oxygen into GaN. Characteristic photoluminescence lines appear at 3.355 and 3.406 eV after annealing in oxygen in the presence of water vapor. No strain is introduced by high-temperature processing in nitrogen ambient, even at temperatures close to the thermal decomposition temperature and in the presence of water vapor.
Analysis on the Trend of Domestic Music Therapy and Discussion of Improvement Measures

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This study aims to analyze the trend of academic researches on domestic music therapy, and also to discuss the improvement measures based on the obtained results. As the research subjects, this study extracted and selected total 190 journals that performed the researches by carrying out music therapy for ten years from 2012 to 2021. The research scope was largely classified into analysis form and analysis scope of music therapy. The analysis form was composed of three subareas such as research type, research design, and execution measures while the analysis scope was composed of three subareas such as subjects, utilized elements, and effects. In the results of the analysis, the music therapy had been actively and continuously researched for ten years, and on the basis of 2018, the percentage of registered journals was much more increased(94.1%) than the one of non-registered journals. From 2012 to 2018, the researches were concentrated on social science and arts/physical education. From 2019 to 2021, however, there were diverse researches on interdisciplinary science, humanities, medicine/pharmacy, and engineering. In the research type, the quantitative research method targeting an experimental group and control group was mostly used. In the analysis related to the research execution measures, the biggest percentage was taken up by the programs with ten or less subjects, once a week, 10~15 sessions, and 60 minutes or less. In the subjects of therapy, the researches targeting adults were the most(26.8%). In the utilized elements, they mostly used the Gestalt, the theory of recollection, and instrumental performance & singing in group, and in most cases, there were results of effects on the improvement of emotion and sociality. The improvement measures based on the results of analyzing the research trend could be discussed as follows. First, it would be necessary to have various research designs & execution measures according to the personal characteristics of each different subject. Second, the intensified and customized rehabilitation music therapeutic programs for the elderly should be provided in the aging society. Third, it would be necessary not only to develop the new techniques of music therapy effective for modern people by reflecting the current paradigm of the 4th industrial revolution, but also to conduct such in-depth researches on the convergent application measures for techniques and media in the field of arts. Lastly, it would be required to continuously advance such diversified research methods that could maximize significant effects on human cognition, behavior, and body.
Maximal functions of multilinear multipliers

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Let m j be Fourier multipliers on R 2d that satisfyfor sufficiently large α uniformly in j, for j = 1, 2, . . ., N .We study the maximal operator of two variableswhere Tm j are the associated bilinear operatorsWe prove that M maps) with norm at most a constant multiple p log(N + 2).We also provide an example to indicate the sharpness of this result.
Infant Metabolism, World Health Organization

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This is a report of the proceedings of the World Health Organization's Seminars held in Leyden and Stockholm in October-November, 1950. The timeliness of this edited transcript of the meetings is somewhat lessened by the considerable delay in publication. Furthermore, the greater portion of the material is readily available elsewhere. The various panels concerned the metabolism of water and electrolytes, of calcium, phosphorus and vitamin D, of protein, of vitamins and of metals. Other panels dealt with basal metabolism, the use of isotopes, the evaluation of nutritive status and the metabolism of premature and full-term newborn infants.
Proteomic Analysis Identifies Potential Markers for Chicken Primary Follicle Development

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Follicles’ development in chicken imparts a major impact on egg production. To enhance the egg-laying efficiency, comprehensive knowledge of different phases of follicular development is a prerequisite. Therefore, we used the tandem mass tag (TMT) based proteomic approach to find the genes involved in the primary follicular development of chicken. The primary follicles were divided into two groups—small primary follicles (81–150 μm) and developed primary follicles (300–500 μm). Differential expression analysis (fold change > 1.2, p-value < 0.05) revealed a total of 70 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs), of which 38 were upregulated and 32 were downregulated. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis disclosed that DEPs were intricate with cellular protein localization, the establishment of protein localization, and nucleoside phosphate-binding activities. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment pathway indicated the involvement of DEPs in different metabolic pathways such as glycolysis, pyruvate metabolism, galactose metabolism, and fructose and mannose metabolism. The current proteomic analysis suggested suitable markers such as Anxa2, Pdia3, and Capzb, which may serve as a potential role for primary follicle development. The present study provides the first insight into the proteome dynamics of primary follicle development and would play a potential role for further studies in chicken to improve egg productivity.
STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN KOPERASI UNIT DESA (KUD) MINA TELUK SEMANGKA DI KECAMATAN KOTA AGUNG PUSAT KABUPATEN TANGGAMUS PROVINSI LAMPUNG

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This research aims to analyze the internal and external environment, formulate development strategies, and determine the priority strategies of KUD Mina Teluk Semangka. This research uses a case study method. Respondents involved 13 people consisting of administrators and members of cooperatives, experts and regulators. Data analysis methods used are qualitative descriptive analysis, SWOT analysis, and QSPM. The results indicated that internally, cooperatives have the main strength on its business units that are complement each other and suitable to the needs of members, while the main weakness is on the absence of processing.to add value of the products Externally, cooperatives face great opportunities on high level of demand on fish and face the main threat on lack of public awareness in working together. The priority strategies that can be used in developing cooperatives are as the following: utilizing and enhancing the ability of members to diversify their products using fishery product processing technology, collaborating with the government and other parties in creating tourism-based business unit, utilizing trained human resources to overcome limitations in keeping up with technological developments, and increasing awareness of the community in cooperation and members in paying mandatory savings.Key words: cooperative, fisheries, SWOT analysis, QSPM
Dynamic Estimation of Origin-Destination Travel Time and Flow on a Long Freeway Corridor: Neural Kalman Filter

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

A model was formulated for estimating dynamic origin-destination (O-D) travel time and flow on a long freeway with a neural Kalman filter originally developed by the authors. The model predicts O-D travel times and flows simultaneously by using traffic detector data such as link traffic volumes, spot speeds, and off-ramp volumes. The model is based on a Kalman filter that consists of two equations: state and measurement. First, the state and measurement equations of the Kalman filter were modified to consider the influence of traffic states for some previous time steps. Then artificial neural network models were integrated with the Kalman filter to enable nonlinear formulations of the state and measurement equations. Finally, a macroscopic traffic flow simulation model was introduced to simulate traffic states on a freeway in advance and predict traffic variables such as O-D travel times, link traffic volumes, spot speeds, and off-ramp volumes. The new model was compared with a regression Kalman filter in which the state and measurement equations are defined by regression models. The numerical analysis indicated that the new model was capable of estimating nonlinearity of dynamic O-D travel time and flow and helped to improve their estimation precision under free-flow traffic states as well as congested flow states.
The European Union and the fight against food waste and losses

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The European Union (EU) is one of the bigger legislative actors in the world. With more than 400 legislative acts only in 2019, the EU influences directly its member states and indirectly the entire world. Food waste has not always been at the centre of the EU legislative works. With the adoption of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in 2015, the legislative and policy activism related to food waste and losses became greater and greater. The first part of this chapter is composed of six sections, and it will focus on the main policies and practical outputs coming from the EU legislative and policy activity. If, from a policy point of view, a lot of work has been done in the last years, what the EU Institutions are concretely doing to fight against food waste and losses? The second part of this chapter is composed of two sections and it will focus on some projects and initiatives carried out by the EU institutions in their daily food and catering operations. This is an occasion to highlight how the EU administration is caring about this problem and how it is trying to solve it.
Agricultural Technology Adoption under Multiple Constraints: An Analysis of System of Rice Intensification (SRI) in India

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The study analyses the role of multiple binding constraints such as information, extension services, availability of labourers and irrigation in conditioning System of Rice Intensification (SRI) adoption by rice farmers in selected rice producing districts of India. The multiple thresholds that farmers need to overcome are analysed using a multi-hurdle model which explicitly incorporates the impact of constraints in adoption decisions. The results showed that age of the farmer reduced the access to information whereas the size of the farm increased the access to information. Gender of the head of the household, education, membership in farmer organisations etc. was crucial in getting access to extension services. Age of the household head, full time farming etc. increased the availability of labourers. Type of soil and terrain were found to be important in getting access to irrigation facility. District wise disparities showed that the disparities were the highest in the case of accessing information and followed by extension services. Although factors influencing the intensity (in terms of acres) as well as the depth of adoption (in terms of packages) were slightly different household assets, number of improved rice varieties known, membership in farmer organisations, risk etc. were significant in influencing the adoption decisions.
Time for children and career in Germany - Time constraints, childcare and career paths

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Section B focuses on the intra-household allocation of time among couples. Using the German Socio-Economic Panel, this section investigates how the time allocation changes if one of the partners is forced out of market work by an involuntary lay-off. The results give some indication as to whether couples allocate their time due to time constraints or due to individual preferences. A difference-in-differences approach as well as panel methods are applied to identify the effects of negative employment shocks on childcare and housework of both partners. The results indicate that there is only a moderate reaction with respect to domestic work, namely childcare and housework. This evidence suggests that preferences determine the division of home-related work within families and that the intra-household time allocation is relatively rigid in the short term. In section C, I analyze whether there is a penalty for birth-related leaves of absence in terms of a loss in occupational prestige upon return to the labor market. I use the SIOPS information of the German Socio-Economic Panel (GSOEP) to investigate this for the case of Germany. Since the SIOPS information is only observed for those who are working, a two-step model according to Heckman (1979) is used to correct for this selection. In addition, a strategy suggested by Wooldridge (1995) is used to account for the panel structure of the GSOEP. The descriptive analysis offers a preliminary indication that occupational mobility is higher for mothers as compared to childless women, and that it is higher if the career interruption is long. This is true for upward as well as for downward mobility. The results reveal a prestige penalty for very long career interruptions. Section D analyzes the relationship between the use of informal childcare arrangements and the employment of mothers. The aim is to investigate whether the presence of this kind of childcare arrangements facilitates maternal labor market involvement. To analyze this question, the survey years 1999 through 2012 of the German Socio-Economic Panel (GSOEP) are used. The presence of informal childcare arrangements is most likely not exogenous to employment status. To take this into account, an instrumental variable approach is applied. The instrument for informal childcare is the information about whether the grandmother is still alive. Using two-stage least squares estimation, the findings reveal that women who receive the support through informal childcare are more likely to participate in the labor market. Since working hours are only observed for those who are participating in the work force, I apply a selection correction to analyze the employment hours. Informal childcare arrangements also have a positive impact on the working hours, even though the magnitude is small.
SpongeScapes D1.1 – Critical Review of Existing Knowledge on Sponge Functions for Different Climatic Zones, Soils and Land Uses in Europe

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

This document is Deliverable D1.1 – Critical Review of Existing Knowledge on Sponge Functions for Different Climatic Zones, Soils and Land Uses in Europe of the Horizon Europe project SpongeScapes. It provides a critical review of existing scientific knowledge on the concept of sponge functioning and measures to improve it across European landscapes. The review identifies key knowledge gaps and provides recommendations for future research, policy and practice.
[Cryptosporidiosis--an update].

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Cryptosporidia are protozoan parasites which have emerged as important causative agents of diarrhea in man and animals. Because of their small size and their tenacity, water- and foodborne outbreaks remain to be of significance in public health. Furthermore Cryptosporidium may cause up to 5-10% of economical losses in calf rearing. This review aims to give a short update on the current state of knowledge concerning species delimitation, prevalence, disease control in animal husbandry and zoonotic potential.
Leveraging existing mid‐end ultrasound machine for point‐of‐care intestinal ultrasound in low‐resource settings: Prospective, real‐world impact on clinical decision‐making

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Summary Background Point‐of‐care ultrasound (POCUS) has transformed inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) management, but the cost to purchase high‐end equipment can be prohibitive. Aim To assess prospectively the feasibility of POCUS using pre‐existing mid‐end ultrasound equipment without incurring additional cost. Methods Consecutive IBD patients underwent POCUS with or without faecal calprotectin (FCP) using a mid‐end ultrasound machine. If POCUS with or without FCP could not guide management, we performed additional ileocolonoscopy or cross‐sectional imaging. We evaluated the impact of POCUS on IBD management and its correlation with ileocolonoscopy or cross‐sectional imaging. We analysed pregnant, paediatric and post‐operative patients separately. Results Among 508 patients with IBD, we analysed 419 (60.4% Crohn's disease [CD]; 61.3% male, age [years]: 36 [18–78]) undergoing 556 POCUS sessions. POCUS with or without FCP independently influenced clinical management in 42.8% of patients with CD and 49.7% with ulcerative colitis (UC). POCUS helped avoid colonoscopy in 51.4% of patients with CD and 51.8% with UC, and cross‐sectional imaging in 38.1% of suspected active small bowel CD. In patients with additional diagnostics, POCUS‐based decisions remained unchanged in 81.2% with CD and 85% with UC. Sensitivity and specificity of POCUS compared to ileocolonoscopy were 80% and 94.4% for CD and 80.8% and 92.8% for UC, respectively. Sensitivity and specificity compared to cross‐sectional imaging were 87.2% and 87.5%, respectively. Conclusion POCUS using existing mid‐end ultrasound equipment in low‐resource settings influenced IBD clinical decision‐making with excellent accuracy, often avoiding colonoscopy and cross‐sectional imaging.
Neurometry and its references on clinical tests (The 68th report)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Germa.32 is a new 10×10×2mm, 400mg germanium cone. The influence of germa.32 application upon the aged people of half healthy and half diseased conditions was studied by checking the index from the measured values by a Neurometer. Germa.32apPlication on 2-5Hanno-Ryodo points (reactive electro permeable points-REPP) to 15 cases for three hours except one resulted in observing tendencies to restore autonomic nerve unbalance.Restoraton to physiological range of only one case was unsatisfactory. Germa.32 seems to be effective for the improvement and restoration of the disease or half healthy and half diseased conditions, but the confirmation of clinical effects with Germa.32 by investigating the date of clinical tests with those accumulation is a subject being left for further investigation in the future.
Stress distribution for NiTi files of triangular based and rectangular based cross-sections using 3-dimensional finite element analysis

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to compare the stress distributions of NiTi rotary instruments based on their cross-sectional geometries of triangular shape-based cross-sectional design, S-shaped cross-sectional design and modified rectangular shape-based one using 3D FE models. NiTi rotary files of S-shaped and modified rectangular design of cross-section such as Mtwo or NRT showed larger stress change while file rotation during simulated shaping. The stress of files with rectangular cross-section design such as Mtwo, NRT was distributed as an intermittent pattern along the long axis of file. On the other hand, the stress of files with triangular cross-section design was distributed continuously. When the residual stresses which could increase the risk of file fatigue fracture were analyzed after their withdrawal. the NRT and Mtwo model also presented higher residual stresses. From this result, it can be inferred that S-shaped and modified rectangular shape-based files were more susceptible to file fracture than the files having triangular shape-based one.
Non-host interactions to detect anti-Fusarium substances

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Fusarium are ubiquitous filamentous fungi and a major threat for numerous plant or animal species [1]. They are often considered as highly resistant to conventional antifungal treatments. The Fusarium genus also contains isolates considered as endosymbiontic or saprotrophitic strains. These lifestyles are dispersed over a large phylogenetic spectrum [2], which suggests either multiple evolution of the same trait or enormous capacity of each strain to adapt to the available environment or host. We've shown that Fusarium strains have genuine capacity to develop on various host and we made use of these adaptation capacities to establish non-host interactions on vine leaves. Some Fusarium strains developed efficiently as necrotrophic pathogens while others adopt less aggressive mode of interaction on susceptible vine varieties as Chasselas. Correspondingly, some Vitis species or varieties were more resistant and restrained efficiently fungal growth. To identify natural substances involve in the control of fungal development, we set-up a sensitivity test in 96 well plates to screen for anti-Fusarium activity of natural extracts. The test on solid growth medium enables to screen natural extracts on several filamentous fungi and we compared fungal susceptibility to these extracts using various human and plant pathogens.