jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Daidzein and Thiophene Containing Benzoxazine Resin and Its Thermoset and Carbon Material

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

In this work, a novel bio-based high-performance bisbenzoxazine resin was synthesized from daidzein, 2-thiophenemethylamine and paraformaldehyde. The chemical structure was confirmed using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The polymerization process was systematically studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and in situ FT-IR spectra. It can be polymerized through multiple polymerization behaviors under the synergistic reaction of thiophene rings with benzopyrone rather than a single polymerization mechanism of traditional benzoxazines, as reported. In addition, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and a microscale combustion calorimeter (MCC) were used to study the thermal stability and flame retardancy of the resulting polybenzoxazine. The thermosetting material showed a high carbon residue rate of 62.8% and a low heat release capacity (HRC) value of 33 J/gK without adding any flame retardants. Based on its outstanding capability of carbon formation, this newly obtained benzoxazine resin was carbonized and activated to obtain a porous carbon material doped with both sulfur and nitrogen. The CO2 absorption of the carbon material at 0 °C and 25 °C at 1 bar was 3.64 mmol/g and 3.26 mmol/g, respectively. The above excellent comprehensive properties prove its potential applications in many advanced fields.
On estimates of computational complexity and error of the fast algorithm in the vortex methods

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract One of the efficient ways to speedup calculations in the vortex method, namely the Barnes – Hut-type algorithm, is considered. This method is based on the introducing of a hierarchical structure of domains (binary tree), which allows one to take into account approximately mutual influences of clusters of vortex elements located far from each other when calculating convective velocities. Estimates of the computational complexity of the algorithm for convective velocities calculating are derived, as well as estimates of the error, which depend on the parameters of the algorithm. In practice, these estimates make it possible to choose optimal values of the algorithm parameters and to achieve the maximal speedup of calculations at a given level of acceptable calculation error.
Revealing Intercultural Communicative Competence in an EFL High School Textbook

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Since the goal of teaching English is now shifted from communicative competence to intercultural communicative competence (ICC), English teachers should rethink of and be selective on using teaching sources which are mainly referred to textbooks.Many studies were then conducted to analyze the cultural contents in EFL textbooks in Asia whether they meet global goals in ELT.Analyzing textbook contents is now significantly needed by English teachers because of the trend movement in ELT.They should correspond the teaching materials to the notion of ICC in the in-use textbooks.In Indonesia, government has already recommended the English textbooks used at schools.One of them is Bahasa Inggris for the tenth graders.With respect to cultural teaching, English teachers are reluctant to employ the textbook in the classroom.Therefore, this present paper tries (1) to reveal to what extent the learning tasks in Bahasa Inggris contain intercultural competence and (2) to identify what components of intercultural competence are embedded in the textbook learning tasks.This study employs the model of ICC proposed by Byram.The findings show that very small extent learning tasks encourage students' intercultural competence.Yet, communicative competence is much promoted.
Motivating the Rules of the Game for Adversarial Example Research

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Advances in machine learning have led to broad deployment of systems with impressive performance on important problems. Nonetheless, these systems can be induced to make errors on data that are surprisingly similar to examples the learned system handles correctly. The existence of these errors raises a variety of questions about out-of-sample generalization and whether bad actors might use such examples to abuse deployed systems. As a result of these security concerns, there has been a flurry of recent papers proposing algorithms to defend against such malicious perturbations of correctly handled examples. It is unclear how such misclassifications represent a different kind of security problem than other errors, or even other attacker-produced examples that have no specific relationship to an uncorrupted input. In this paper, we argue that adversarial example defense papers have, to date, mostly considered abstract, toy games that do not relate to any specific security concern. Furthermore, defense papers have not yet precisely described all the abilities and limitations of attackers that would be relevant in practical security. Towards this end, we establish a taxonomy of motivations, constraints, and abilities for more plausible adversaries. Finally, we provide a series of recommendations outlining a path forward for future work to more clearly articulate the threat model and perform more meaningful evaluation.
Developing competencies among health professions students related to the care of people with disabilities: a pilot study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This is a two-phase study, the first was a literature review that aimed to identify a set of competencies for professional practice that would be relevant for the health care of People with disabilities (PwD). These competencies were then used to plan a thirty-hour multidisciplinary course for undergraduate health care students. The educational intervention led to improvements in the students’ learning experiences, including the development of empathy and knowledge related to the care of PwD, improved knowledge around accessibility, and an awareness of the need to humanize the care of PwD. Students reported enhanced learning experiences and an increase in knowledge related to the care of PwD, and also highlighted the need to humanize the care.
New Handbook for Guidance in Assessing Impacts of Decommissioning and Disposal of Redundant Offshore Installations

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Decommissioning has really come on the agenda in Europe the last decade. In Norway, starting with the planning of decommissioning the North East Frigg in 1992/93, there were no standards established on issues and methodologies as a basis for impact assessment as part of the decision making. With the Brent Spar situation in 1995 the scope changed at the same time as methodologies were developed (e.g. [1]), improved and new issues were introduced. In 1995 the Norwegian Oil Operators Association (OLF) launched a methodology study to establish a standard set of methodologies to be used in the decision making process [2]. These methods have gradually been improved, as new issues have come on the agenda and as more complex decommissioning projects have been through the detailed planning process. As a consequence of this development OLF has updated the methodology descriptions and now issued a handbook containing descriptions, guidelines and standards for how to carry out Environmental Impact Assessments (EIA's) for offshore decommissioning projects [3]. The handbook contains several methodologies for numerous environmental and societal issues, dealing with installations, pipelines, drill cuttings piles, and the issue of possible reuse of installations.
A Hybrid Simulation Methodology To Evaluate Network Centricdecision Making Under Extreme Events

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Currently the network centric operation and network centric warfare have generated a new area of research focused on determining how hierarchical organizations composed by human beings and machines make decisions over collaborative environments. One of the most stressful scenarios for these kinds of organizations is the so-called extreme events. This dissertation provides a hybrid simulation methodology based on classical simulation paradigms combined with social network analysis for evaluating and improving the organizational structures and procedures, mainly the incident command systems and plans for facing those extreme events. According to this, we provide a methodology for generating hypotheses and afterwards testing organizational procedures either in real training systems or simulation models with validated data. As long as the organization changes their dyadic relationships dynamically over time, we propose to capture the longitudinal digraph in time and analyze it by means of its adjacency matrix. Thus, by using an object oriented approach, three domains are proposed for better understanding the performance and the surrounding environment of an emergency management organization. System dynamics is used for modeling the critical infrastructure linked to the warning alerts of a given organization at federal, state and local levels. Discrete simulations based on the defined concept of "community of state" enables us to control the complete model. Discrete event simulation allows us to create entities that represent the data and resource flows within the organization. We propose that cognitive models might well be suited in our methodology. For instance, we show how the team performance decays in time, according to the Yerkes-Dodson curve, affecting the measures of performance of the whole organizational system. Accordingly we suggest that the hybrid model could be applied to other types of organizations, such as military peacekeeping operations and joint task forces. Along with providing insight about organizations, the methodology supports the analysis of the "after action review" (AAR), based on collection of data obtained from the command and control systems or the so-called training scenarios. Furthermore, a rich set of mathematical measures arises from the hybrid models such as triad census, dyad census, eigenvalues, utilization, feedback loops, etc., which provides a strong foundation for studying an emergency management organization. Future research will be necessary for analyzing real data and validating the proposed methodology.
FIBRE-REINFORCED POLYMER BARS IN PRECAST SLABS FOR ROADS TO OIL AND GAS EXTRACTION COMPLEXES

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Considered an example of the application of fibre-reinforced polymer bars in precast slabs for temporary roads to oil and gas extraction complexes. Found that samples of products by geometric requirements similar Ferro-concrete products, but reinforced fibre-reinforced polymer bars accessories instead of metal. The results of replacing metal fittings on the fibre-reinforced polymer bars in the experimental samples. Given the comparative assessment of the conformity of prototypes of requirements on indicates the ability and crack resistance from. Found that fibre-reinforced polymer bars valves may be used in the construction of a prefab temporary roads without reducing their carrying capacity. It is proven that the use of this rebar for reinforcement of structures that work on resilient basis, both at the stage of manufacture and operation. It is shown that the resulting experience can be used in the planning and in the design, manufacture and test prototypes, and the analysis of the obtained results allow you to identify opportunities for the implementation of this direction in Ukraine.
Quantitative analysis of brain white matter lesions in multiple sclerosis subjects

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

In this study the value of magnetic resonance image (MRI) shape and texture analysis was assessed in multiple sclerosis (MS) subjects, both in differentiating between normal or normal appearing and abnormal tissue and in assessing disease onset. Shape and texture analysis was carried out in normal brain white matter and lesions detected in transverse sections of T2-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) images acquired from 22 symptomatic untreated subjects. All detected brain lesions were manually segmented by an experienced MS neurologist and confirmed by a radiologist. The results showed that there was no significant difference for most of the shape features and for all of the texture features between MS lesions at 0 and 6-12 months. For some texture features there was significant difference between normal or normal appearing tissue and MS lesions at 0 and 6-12 months. Further research with more subjects is required for computing shape and texture features that may provide information for better and earlier differentiation between normal tissue and MS lesions.
Microfluidic Systems for Blood and Blood Cell Characterization

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A laboratory blood test is vital for assessing a patient’s health and disease status. Advances in microfluidic technology have opened the door for on-chip blood analysis. Currently, microfluidic devices can reproduce myriad routine laboratory blood tests. Considerable progress has been made in microfluidic cytometry, blood cell separation, and characterization. Along with the usual clinical parameters, microfluidics makes it possible to determine the physical properties of blood and blood cells. We review recent advances in microfluidic systems for measuring the physical properties and biophysical characteristics of blood and blood cells. Added emphasis is placed on multifunctional platforms that combine several microfluidic technologies for effective cell characterization. The combination of hydrodynamic, optical, electromagnetic, and/or acoustic methods in a microfluidic device facilitates the precise determination of various physical properties of blood and blood cells. We analyzed the physical quantities that are measured by microfluidic devices and the parameters that are determined through these measurements. We discuss unexplored problems and present our perspectives on the long-term challenges and trends associated with the application of microfluidics in clinical laboratories. We expect the characterization of the physical properties of blood and blood cells in a microfluidic environment to be considered a standard blood test in the future.
The challenges of uncertainty and interprofessional collaboration in palliative care for non-cancer patients in the community: A systematic review of views from patients, carers and health-care professionals

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: Primary care has the potential to play significant roles in providing effective palliative care for non-cancer patients. Aim: To identify, critically appraise and synthesise the existing evidence on views on the provision of palliative care for non-cancer patients by primary care providers and reveal any gaps in the evidence. Design: Standard systematic review and narrative synthesis. Data sources: MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Applied Social Science Abstract and the Cochrane library were searched in 2012. Reference searching, hand searching, expert consultations and grey literature searches complemented these. Papers with the views of patients/carers or professionals on primary palliative care provision to non-cancer patients in the community were included. The amended Hawker’s criteria were used for quality assessment of included studies. Results: A total of 30 studies were included and represent the views of 719 patients, 605 carers and over 400 professionals. In all, 27 studies are from the United Kingdom. Patients and carers expect primary care physicians to provide compassionate care, have appropriate knowledge and play central roles in providing care. The roles of professionals are unclear to patients, carers and professionals themselves. Uncertainty of illness trajectory and lack of collaboration between health-care professionals were identified as barriers to effective care. Conclusions: Effective interprofessional work to deal with uncertainty and maintain coordinated care is needed for better palliative care provision to non-cancer patients in the community. Research into and development of a best model for effective interdisciplinary work are needed.
PR130 is a modulator of the Wnt-signaling cascade that counters repression of the antagonist Naked cuticle

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The Wnt-signaling cascade is required for several crucial steps during early embryogenesis, and its activity is modulated by various agonists and antagonists to provide spatiotemporal-specific signaling. Naked cuticle is a Wnt antagonist that itself is induced by Wnt signaling to keep Wnt signaling in check. Little is known about the regulation of this antagonist. We have recently shown that the protein phosphatase 2A regulatory subunit PR72 is required for the inhibitory effect of Naked cuticle on Wnt signaling. In the present study, we show that PR130, which has an N terminus that differs from that of PR72 but shares the same C terminus, also interacts with Naked cuticle but instead functions as an activator of the Wnt-signaling pathway, both in cell culture and during development. We find that PR130 modulates Wnt signal transduction by restricting the ability of Naked cuticle to function as a Wnt inhibitor. Our data establish PR130 as a modulator of the Wnt-signaling pathway and suggest a mechanism of Wnt signal regulation in which the inhibitory activity of Naked cuticle is determined by the relative level of expression of two transcripts of the same protein phosphatase 2A regulatory subunit.
Design of a mobile web-based dashboard to improve work practices of CRNA board runners

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Traditional artifacts such as whiteboards serve as key tools in helping healthcare professionals keep track of frequently changing information and managing their work schedule. The simplicity of these tools has made them easy to adopt into the work culture and since these artifacts are not usually electronic, they need no external technical support or maintenance. However, these artifacts present unique challenges to their users, the primary one being lack of mobility offered. The whiteboards are usually stationary and the users will have to assemble near them to update or gather information. In a hospital, this adds significant overhead to the workflow efficiency since users will have to spend time walking from their changing locations to the whiteboards. In addition, the fact that these artifacts are not electronic means that they cannot be connected to the information technology (IT) system, meaning the information present on them are not updated in real-time. In this research, such challenges faced by certified and registered nurse anesthetists (CRNA) board runners of a large regional hospital in the south eastern United States were studied. To help address the challenges faced by the board runners in their task execution, a new web app designed for the Google Nexus 7 tablet was introduced as a potential replacement for the whiteboard. Ten board runners participated in this study to evaluate the new web app in comparison with the whiteboard in a simulated work environment. The participants were given 10 different tasks to perform with both the web app and the whiteboard. Measures such as task performance (time and errors), situational awareness (SA), needs ratings, system usability and perceived workload were collected and analyzed. Once the web app and the whiteboard were evaluated, a preference ranking for the type of device was also collected from all the participants. Time taken for overall task execution was longer for the whiteboard and the errors committed did not differ significantly among the two devices. SA was found to be similar across the devices and there were no significant differences. All 6 primary needs collected and the overall system usability were rated significantly higher for the web app. The workload indices of mental demand, physical demand, temporal demand, effort and frustration had significantly higher ratings for the whiteboard and the performance was rated significantly higher for the web app. All of the 10 participants preferred the web app over the whiteboard.
INDIVIDUAL VALUES: A CONCEPTUAL MODEL FOR UNDERSTANDING THE REDEFINITION OF THE USE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN ORGANIZATIONS

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Data de submissão: 25/04/2008 Data de aprovação: 27/11/2008 1 PhD in Administration from EBAPE/FGV (Escola Brasileira de Administração Pública e de Empresas da
LOW-PROTEIN PASTA FOR CHILDREN PATIENTS WITH PHENYLKETONURIA

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

There are provided data on the work carried out at All-Russian Research Institute for Starch Products to create enriched low-protein pasta based on starch for nutrition the children sick with a phenilketonuria — a hereditary disease (group of fermentopatiya), the bound to violation of amino acids metabolism, mainly phenyl alanine. Optimization of children nutrition is the socially important direction of domestic policy of the Russian Federation since their health directly depends on the good balanced nutrition, especially it is important for the children having diseases of genetic character. To expand the range of the enriched low-protein food the functional ingredients are picked up, recipes and technology of receiving three types of pasta are developed such as: noodles, vermicelli, «spider line», their nutrition and power values are defined. It is shown that in the received products protein content doesn’t exceed permissible value (<1.0%), fat from 3.3 to 3.6%, ashes — to 0.14%, carbohydrates no more than 88.0% that conforms to requirements imposed to reduced-protein products of baby food.
Protocol for a feasibility study of OnTrack: a digital system for upper limb rehabilitation after stroke

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Introduction Arm weakness is a common problem after stroke (affecting 450 000 people in the UK) leading to loss of independence. Repetitive activity is critical for recovery but research shows people struggle with knowing what or how much to do, and keeping track of progress. Working with more than 100 therapists (occupational therapists and physiotherapists) and patients with stroke, we codeveloped the OnTrack intervention—consisting of software for smart devices and coaching support—that has the potential to address this problem. This is a protocol to assess the feasibility of OnTrack for evaluation in a randomised control trial. Methods and analysis A mixed-method, single-arm study design will be used to evaluate the feasibility of OnTrack for hospital and community use. A minimum sample of 12 participants from a stroke unit will be involved in the study for 14 weeks. During week 1, 8 and 14 participants will complete assessments relating to their arm function, arm impairment and activation. During weeks 2–13, participants will use OnTrack to track their arm movement in real time, receive motivational messages and face-to-face sessions to address problems, gain feedback on activity and receive self-management skills coaching. All equipment will be loaned to study participants. A parallel process evaluation will be conducted to assess the intervention’s fidelity, dose and reach, using a mixed-method approach. A public and patient involvement group will oversee the study and help with interpretation and dissemination of qualitative and quantitative data findings. Ethics and dissemination Ethical approval granted by the National Health Service Health Research Authority, Health and Care Research Wales, and the London—Surrey Research Ethics Committee (ref. 19/LO/0881). Trial results will be submitted for publication in peer review journals, presented at international conferences and disseminated among stroke communities. The results of this trial will inform development of a definitive trial. Trial registration number NCT03944486 .