jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Buddhism in Southeast Asia

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The regional (for example, South, Southeast, and East Asia) and national (for example, Myanmar [Burma], Thailand) designations in use in the early 21st century are of recent vintage and may obscure our understanding of Buddhist histories in the region. There was and is considerable circulation of persons, objects, texts, and ideas across these boundaries. These crossed marine divides, political borders, and linguistic communities. Southeast Asian Buddhist communities shaped and were shaped by religious and other cultural practices beyond the region. Buddhism in early 21st-century Southeast Asia is often described as Theravada Buddhism, in contrast to Mahayana Buddhism found farther to the north and east. However, historical and early-21st-century Southeast Asian communities reveal the impact of forms of Buddhism from several parts of the Buddhist world. Elements associated with both Theravada and Mahayana Buddhism are found in the region. Moreover, Buddhists in Southeast Asia often identified themselves through other terms of association, and it is sometimes anachronistic to use Theravada and Mahayana Buddhism as key analytical categories.
Understanding Disagreement Between Humans and Machines in XAI: Robustness, Fidelity, and Region-Based Explanations in Automatic Neonatal Pain Assessment

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Artificial Intelligence (AI) offers a promising approach to automating neonatal pain assessment, improving consistency and objectivity in clinical decision-making. However, differences between how humans and AI models perceive and explain pain-related features present challenges for adoption. In this study, we introduce a region-based explanation framework that improves interpretability and agreement between XAI methods and human assessments. Alongside this, we present a multi-metric evaluation protocol that jointly considers robustness, faithfulness, and agreement to support informed explainer selection. Applied to neonatal pain classification, our approach reveals several key insights: region-based explanations are more intuitive and stable than pixel-based methods—leading to higher consensus amongst explainer ensembles; both humans and machines focus on central facial features, such as the nose, mouth, and eyes; agreement is higher in “pain” cases than “no-pain” cases likely due to clearer visual cues; and robustness positively correlates with agreement, while higher faithfulness can reduce pixel-level consensus. Our findings highlight the value of region-based evaluation and multi-perspective analysis for improving the transparency and reliability of AI systems in clinical settings. We hope that this framework can support clinicians in better understanding model decisions, enabling more informed trust and integration of AI support in neonatal care.
Multinodal load forecasting using an ART-ARTMAP-fuzzy neural network and PSO strategy

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This work presents a system based on Artificial Neural Networks and PSO (Particle Swarm Optimization) strategy, to multinodal load forecasting, i.e., forecasting in several points of the electrical network (substations, feeders, etc.). Short-term load forecasting is an important task to planning and operation of electric power systems. It is necessary precise and reliable techniques to execute the predictions. Therefore, the load forecasting uses the Adaptive Resonance Theory. To improve the precision, the PSO technique is used to choose the best parameters for the Artificial Neural Networks training. Results show that the use of this technique with a little set of training data improves the parameters of the neural network, calculated by the MAPE (mean absolute perceptual error) of the global and multinodal load forecasted.
The psychological projective test Wartegg-Zeichentest: A contribution to the knowledge of patient with cancer—The experience of two Italian centers.

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

e20650 Background: There is growing recognition that psychological implications are important in the comprehensive care of cancer patients (pts); the personality conformation may be an useful and constructive tool ground in order to promote psychic adaptation to cancer, improve communication with patient and keep a good level of quality of life. Methods: A personality projective test, the Wartegg-Zeichentest (WZT), was administered to cancer pts at the start of chemotherapy, in two Italian Oncology Departments from February 2010 to August 2012. During treatment, quality of life level with the Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale (ESAS) and the possible presence of psychological disorder with the Psychological Distress Inventary (PDI) were also evaluated. Each patient followed a psychological support program. Results: Overall, 106 pts were enrolled. 47 (44%) received adjuvant chemotherapy, while palliative treatment was delivered in the remaining 59 (56%) cases. 39 (37%) pts showed ESAS values related to a poor quality of life, and PDI scores showed the presence of moderate-severe psychological disorders in 38 (35%) pts. Considering both test (ESAS e PDI), 24% of subjects had poor quality of life and moderate to severe psychological disorders. In this subgroup, 81% of pts showed a WZT profile characterized by depressive tendencies, liabilities, inhibition and passiveness behaviour. There was a significant correlation between ESAS and WZT (p<0.001), and between PDI and WZT (p<0.001). WZT had a predictive role in disclosing susceptibility to psychological disorders and treatment compliance. Conclusions: Cancer diagnosis affects perception of reality and discloses in some pts a personality profile characterized by depression, demoralization, inhibition and passiveness behaviour. This group of pts may be more keen to develop physic and psychological distress following cancer diagnosis and treatment. Early evaluation by WZT may be a useful instrument in preventing patient distress, as well in promoting the adaptation process to illness and maintaining a better level of quality of life.
Gerakan Menanam Sayur Bersama PKK Karang Wetan Genuk Kabupaten Semarang

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

One way to raise awareness of love for the environment and food security is by planting vegetable plants. Currently, the vegetable planting movement is an effort to control regional inflation. Prevention of price spikes in vegetable commodities is an important aspect in household life, so the vegetable planting movement is a strategic step in the Family Welfare Empowerment Movement. The extension method was chosen in this community service. Analysis using the Wilcoxon test showed that the p value (0.000) showed that there was an increase in knowledge between before and after the counseling.
Optimization of the Protocol for Isolation of Exosome and Secretome of CACO-2 Colorectal Adenocarcinoma Cells from Conditioned Media for Subsequent Mass Spectrometric Analysis

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The conditioned media in which the tumor cells are cultured represents a model object for studying of secretome and proteomic composition of exosomes. This pool of proteins is of particular interest in terms of the search for potential markers of malignant diseases. The efficiency of the isolation of exosomes and secretome from the cell culture media largely determines the success of their analysis by the mass spectrometric method. In this paper, we have applied various approaches to isolate secretome and exosomes originated from Caco-2 colorectal adenocarcinoma cells. The combination of ultrafiltration and centrifugation provided a deep proteomic analysis of the secretome and exosomes obtained from the one initial volume of conditioned medium without the addition of fetal bovine serum. Applying tandem mass spectrometric analysis we have identified 436 secreted proteins. In exosomes, the characteristic proteins ALIX, CD63, syntenin, lactadherin (MFGE8) were identified. Using targeted mass spectrometry, the exosome markers CD82, CD9 and HSPA8 were determined at the levels of 0.08 ± 0.03 fmol/μg, 0.13 ± 0.03 fmol/μg and 2.6 ± 0.02 fmol/μg of total protein, respectively. Among the secreted proteins, there were many markers associated with tumor progression and metastasis, such as DAG1, PODXL, LRRN4, TGFBI, IL6ST, DSC1, DSG1, and NPC2.
Using Cost Saving Hard Automation Laboratory Projects In Manufacturing Education

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract NOTE: The first page of text has been automatically extracted and included below in lieu of an abstract Main Menu Session 3548 Using Cost-Saving Hard Automation Laboratory Projects in Manufacturing Education Manocher Djassemi Murray State University Abstract This paper discusses the benefits of incorporating hard automation-oriented projects in manufacturing laboratories. This approach enables academic programs with limited funding to provide a valuable hands-on experience in factory automation to students while they are in school, rather than leaving it to be learned in the workplace. Two examples of laboratory projects involving high and low degrees of hard automation activities are presented. The hardware designed and built by the students as well as the associated costs are discussed. Introduction Engineering technology (ET) and industrial technology (IT) programs are facing the challenging task of educating competent students in many aspects of manufacturing including factory automation. A hands-on educational approach has been an effective tool to gain such competency in ET and IT programs. Many of these programs offer laboratory-oriented manufacturing courses with the mission of providing students with practical experience in automation and its application in integration of production systems. A common laboratory facility in ET and IT programs includes computer-integrated manufacturing which may be referred to as CIM lab or robotics lab 1,2,3. CIM/robotics laboratories are typically equipped with educational, and in many instances, commercial grade machine tools and instruments. At the undergraduate level, the laboratory is primarily used for soft automation education. That is, teaching how to program computer-controlled equipment such as computer numerical control (CNC) machines, robots, and programmable logic controllers (PLC). However, a soft automation approach should be coupled with a hard automation learning approach if a full spectrum of factory automation education is desirable. Hard automation is a full or near full scale development of an actual automated manufacturing and/or assembly workcell using capital equipment such as CNC machines and robots, components that are fabricated by students, and a variety of standard parts such as pneumatic cylinders and sensory devices. The use of hard automation-oriented projects in manufacturing education benefits students in the sense that a) it provides them with a detailed practical knowledge of how to develop a real world factory automation project “built from scratch”, and b) they learn how to manage various phases of a project construction from the “ground up,” including equipment installation, integration, and troubleshooting phases. Thus, “Proceedings of the 2002 American Society of Engineering education Annual Conference & Exposition Copyright © 2002 American Society for Engineering Education” Main Menu
Improved Simulated Annealing Algorithm Solving for 0/1 Knapsack Problem

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

0/1 knapsack problem belongs to combination optimization problem. Its optimal solution exists in the problem space including substantially large useless solutions besides optimal solutions. Differing with other SA (simulated annealing) algorithms that getting the approximate optimization solution from the whole problem space often need much computation time, this improved SA algorithm proposed in this paper avoided this disadvantage by extracting two kinds of solution spaces, i.e. all optimal solutions space and the most possible part optimal solutions space, from the whole space. Then to improve approximate solution quality some variables were introduced to record the maximum solution, which produced during annealing process but was possibly deserted because of Metropolis rule in SA. We applied this SA algorithm, general SA and greedy-based SA algorithm to knapsack problem. And experimental results showed that this algorithm only searching the two optimal spaces obtained better approximate results and largely decreased the time overhead compared with the other two algorithms searching whole space
ENHANCEMENT OF PRESSING OF SUGAR BEET CUTS BY COMBINED OHMIC HEATING AND PULSED ELECTRIC FIELD TREATMENT

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This article describes the influence of combined ohmic heating (OH) and pulsed electric field (PEF) treatment on the juice extraction from sugar beet cuts of different sizes. The experiments were carried out on a laboratory filter-press cell connected to OH and PEF-treatment systems. OH (60 V/cm, 50 Hz) was used to attain different temperatures (30-70C), which were maintained during a fixed time (10-30 min). It was followed by a PEF treatment (600 V/cm, 0.04 s). OH noticeably enhances the extraction kinetics even at a moderate temperature of 50C. With the increase of OH temperature to 60C, the juice yield obtained by pressing is comparable to the one obtained after PEF treatment. The results show that combining OH and PEF treatment leads to some synergetic effect, promoting 85-87% of juice extraction even from middle and coarse cuts. This affect might result from both the electropermeabilization of cell membranes and the thermal softening of tissues.
Does proximal genitofemoral nerve division induce testicular maldescent or ascent in the rat?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To investigate whether the division of the proximal genitofemoral nerve (GFN) in neonatal rats induces testicular undescent or ascent in adulthood. Materials and methods Neonatal Wistar King A rats underwent a unilateral proximal GFN transection on either the right or left side. At the age of 30 days, testicular descent was examined in all rats and the position of the testis recorded. The animals were allowed to develop further and the position of the testis re‐examined at the age of 90–180 days, when the testes were removed and weighed. Sham‐operated rats were used as controls. Results At the age of 30 days, four of the 46 (9%) operated rats showed a unilateral undescended testis on the operated side. At the age of 90–180 days, 43 rats were re‐examined (three rats died before re‐examination); 34 (79%) of these rats showed undescended testes on the operated side. The occurrence of cryptorchidism was significantly higher in the 90–180‐day‐old mature rats than in 30‐day‐old prepubertal rats ( P <0.01). The mean (sd) weight of the undescended testes, at 2.36 (0.21) mg/g body weight, was significantly less than that of the contralateral scrotal testes, at 3.83 (0.23) mg/g; P <0.01) and of the control testes at the age of 90–180 days. In the sham‐operated rats, all testes were located at the bottom of the scrotum at 30 days of age and no rats showed any testicular ascent thereafter. Conclusions The proximal division of the GFN in neonatal rats not only causes inguinoscrotal testicular maldescent but may also induce testicular ascent in adulthood. Testicular ascent may thus be caused by some intrauterine disorders of the GFN in patients with ascending testis.
Arındırılmış polifenolik tozun nanoenkapsülasyonunun kaplama verimi, saklama ve pişirme sırasındaki stabiliteleri üzerine etkisi.

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The primary objective of this study was to obtain nano-emulsion containing polyphenolic compounds extracted from sour cherry pomace and to investigate the effect of degritting of polyphenolic concentrates on the encapsulation efficiency and particle size distribution of capsules and emulsions. It was also aimed to study storage and baking stability of the capsules. Extracted polyphenolic concentrate was degritted at 10,000 rpm for 2 min. Purification reduced Sauter mean diameter (D[32]) of concentrated extract from 5.76 μm to 0.41 μm. Unpurified and purified concentrates were freeze dried for 48 h to obtain extracted phenolic powder (EPP) and purified extracted phenolic powder (PEPP), respectively. Powders were entrapped in two types of coating materials which contain 10% maltodextrin (MD) or 8% MD-2% gum arabic (GA). Samples were prepared by ultrasonication (160 W, 50% pulse) for 20 min. Emulsions containing EPP had D[32] of 1.65 and 1.61 μm when they were entrapped in 10% MD and 8% MD-2% GA coating material solutions, respectively. It was possible to obtain nano-emulsions when purification step was performed. Emulsions prepared with PEPP and coated with 10% MD and 8% MD-2% GA had D[32] of 0.396 and 0.334 μm, respectively. Encapsulation efficiency of the capsules increased significantly from 86.07-88.45% to 98.01-98.29% by means of degritting (p≤0.001). Loss of total phenolic content during storage at 43% and 85% relative humidities was smaller for encapsulated powders when compared to powders not entrapped in coating material. In addition, encapsulation significantly increased retention of phenolic compounds from 15.1-22.2% to 30.4-30.7% during baking (p≤0.05).
The effect of oral meloxicam on piglet performance in the preweaning period

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

A total of 5045 piglets were castrated and received 1 of 2 treatments: control (C; surgically castrated); or meloxicam (M; surgically castrated and administered oral meloxicam). Oral meloxicam administration at castration required 5 additional seconds and had no effect on average daily gain, mortality, or survivability in the preweaning period.
A new species of Macrotarsomys (Rodentia: Muridae: Nesomyinae) from southwestern Madagascar

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT A new species of Macrotarsomys, M. petteri (Rodentia: Muridae: Nesomyinae), is described based on a single specimen taken during a 2003 biological survey of the Forêt des Mikea in southwestern Madagascar. This is the third species known in this endemic genus, and all are confined to the dry forest formations of western Madagascar. The region where M. petteri occurs is a unique transitional forest habitat that is under considerable threat from human-induced habitat degradation and steps need to be swiftly taken to protect the Forêt des Mikea.
Method for Obtaining Recombinant Human Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

A suggested method for obtaining recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) includes the accumulation of the producer strain biomass enriched with the target product up to 30% of total protein content, its isolation and purification. The later consists of the following stages: ultrasound cell disintegration, washing of inclusion bodies with buffer solutions, GM-CSF solubilization from inclusion bodies by 6 M urea, denaturation-renaturation of protein molecules and purification by chromatography on DEAE-Sepharose and combined chromatography on CM-Sepharose and Q-Sepharose followed by dialysis. The proposed method makes it possible to yield up to 10 mg of the protein preparation from 1 g of wet cells with the purity of 98% and high activity shown on the human erythroleukemia cell line. granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating, GM-CSF, producer strain, cultivation, chromatographic purification. The work was performed in the framework of the State Assignment «Adjustment of the Technology of Preparative Obtaining and Purification of Recombinant Proteins» (no. 13/18).
Single centre experience of the use of emicizumab in previously untreated and minimally treated patients under 18 months of age

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Emicizumab has revolutionised haemophilia A treatment landscape and significantly reduced treatment burden, particularly in the paediatric population. We conducted a retrospective study, focused on infants aged ≤18 months with severe haemophilia A. The study included 16 patients, with a median age of 8.2 months and median treatment duration of 61.6 weeks. Before commencing emicizumab, six patients were minimally treated with ≤5 exposure days while 10 were previously untreated patients. Notably, all patients had no inhibitors at baseline, and none developed new inhibitors during the study period. Emicizumab was well tolerated, with no observed side effects or major bleeding events.
MicroRNA-based biomarkers of the radiation response in prostate cancer.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

163 Background: Intermediate and high-risk prostate cancer can be cured with radiation (RT) to the prostate and pelvic lymph nodes with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), but both acute and late toxicity of the GU and GI systems are common. There are no biomarkers predicting radiation outcomes, limiting the opportunity to best personalize prostate radiation therapy. Methods: A prospectively enrolled single arm trial for locally advanced prostate cancer patients (T1-T4N0-N1M0) treated with definitive RT (74Gy IMRT) plus ADT was studied. Biologic samples were available in 108 of 138 patients. Toxicity was recorded using the RTOG morbidity grading system. We applied a panel of microRNA-based germline mutations shown to predict cancer therapy endpoints. Machine learning techniques were used to simultaneously identify prognostic features and perform classification of the biomarkers. Upsampling nested LOO-CV was used to assess performance and generality. Independent Fisher’s exact tests were performed to identify statistically significant marginal associations. Three classifiers were studied: logistic regression with elastic net regularization (EN-LR), classification trees (CT), and random forests (RF), with corresponding hyper-parameters of regularization weights (EN-LR), minimum split and bucket level sample size (CT), number of trees and mtry (RF). Normalized on the simplex, feature importance was defined as absolute value of regression weights for EN-LR, and cumulative decrease in Gini impurity for primary and surrogate splits at each node/splits for CT and RF. Results: Grade 2 or higher toxicity included acute GI (11%), acute GU (34%), late GI (3%) and late GU (16%). GI and GU toxicity and acute and late toxicity had unique predictive biomarkers. The top three marginal genetic associations for late GU toxicity were microRNA site variants in CD6 and CD274 (PDL1)(p.val < 0.01) and BRCA2 (p.val = 0.014). Using RF, CT and EN_LR we could predict late GU toxicity with up to 70% sensitivity, 96% specificity, and 90% accuracy. Conclusions: We have identified microRNA-based biomarkers that can predict late GU toxicity. Work incorporating patient reported outcomes and to identify biomarkers for additional endpoints is ongoing.
PSO-3P for the portfolio optimisation problem

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Identifying risks and opportunities in an investment is an important issue for investors. There are different strategies used to maximise profits and minimise the risk. However, some problems cannot be efficiently solved using classical techniques of operations research. Thus, heuristic approach seems to be a good option to find high quality solutions in a limited amount of time. We propose a new variant of particle swarm optimisation named PSO-3P to solve the constrained portfolio optimisation problem. The proposed algorithm was tested over five well-known benchmark data sets and the obtained results proved to be highly competitive since they outperform those reported in the specialised literature in almost all tackled instances.