jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Tunasniyoj, a dinosaur tracksite from the Jurassic-Cretaceous boundary of Bolivia

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Here we report a superbly preserved and profusely represented five-ichnotaxa dinosaur track assemblage near Icla village, 100 km southeast of Sucre, Bolivia. As preserved in reddish Jurassic-Cretaceous boundary aeolian sandstones, this rich and uncommon assemblage is, additionally, the oldest dinosaur tracksite for Bolivia. Four trackmakers were identified in the area: three quadrupedal and one bipedal, all of them with tracks of around 35 cm in lenght. One of the quadrupedals is represented by no less than five adult individuals (ichnotaxon A), and four purported juveniles (ichnotaxon B) walking in association. The other two quadrupedals (ichnotaxa C and D) involve four trackways, and the last, the bipedal trackmaker (ichnotaxon E), is represented by one trackway. The five ichnotaxa represented in the "Palmar de Tunasniyoj" could be tentatively assigned to the following trackmakers: Ichnotaxa A and B are assigned to basal stegosaurians; ichnotaxon C to a basal tyreophoran, perhaps related to the ankylosaur lineage; ichnotaxon D to the Ankylosauria, and ichnotaxon E to Theropoda. The Tunasniyoj assemblage, the oldest dinosaur tracksite for Bolivia, includes the oldest known evidence assigned to ankylosaurs and stegosaurs for South America.
Evaluating Human Risk in Side Impact Collisions with Roadside Objects

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Full-scale crash tests are traditionally used to assess the danger posed by roadside object. Crash test evaluation criteria should relate the observable response of the vehicle and the struck object to the likely risk of injury to vehicle occupants in similar real-world collisions. Side impact collisions are particularly serious impacts, but no evaluation guidelines exist. A simple method is presented for determining human risk in a side impact collision with a roadside object from the velocity profile of the impacted face of the struck object. This method not only eliminates the use of anthropometric test devices in crash tests, but also gives conservative values to account for the variable occupant position at the time of impact.
Global strategy and population‐level learning: the case of hard disk drives

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Abstract Some scholars argue that firms within the same industry engage in similar foreign investment behavior irrespective of nationality because they face a common set of pressures and incentives. Others emphasize the persistent diversity in business practices and behavior of firms from different nations as they invest abroad. Using the hard disk drive industry as a case, this paper explores whether nationality or industry has the greater influence on global strategy and whether it affects industry performance. The findings suggest that firms from the same nation are likely to adopt similar global strategies initially, but that, over time, the industry as a whole converges on the same blueprint for action. At the same time, however, strategic focus and organizational characteristics moderate national influences: firms from the same nation are more likely to adopt the same global strategy if they compete in the same product segment and are of similar size and age. The evidence also indicates that the national industry that is first to select what becomes the dominant strategy acquires an advantage over competitors from other countries. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effects of ego integrity and readiness for death on the preferences of care near the end-of-life of hospitalized older adults in long-term care hospitals: A cross-sectional correlation study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate ego integrity, readiness for death, and preferences of care near the end-of-life among hospitalized older adults in long-term care hospitals and identify factors that influence end-of-life care preference. Methods: A total of 181 older adults in long-term care hospitals participated in the study, and data collection was conducted from July 20th, 2020 to September 20th, 2020. Descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson’s correlations, and multiple regression were used for data analysis. Results: The older adults in hospitalized in long-term care hospitals preferred pain management even at the risk of hastened death, while the least preferred option was autonomous decision-making, including artificially prolonging human life. Regarding end-of-life care preferences, ego-integrity (β=-.18, p=.004) and death-readiness (β=-.18, p=.005) were factors that only influenced the spiritual domain and in the pain domain, it was confirmed that only the ego-integrity (β=-.16, p=.013) was affected. Conclusion: Although ego integrity and readiness for death did not affect all areas of end-of-life care preference among older adults in long-term care hospitals, they represent significant variables denoting positive acceptance of death and life satisfaction. As such, it is necessary to provide various opportunities for these factors to be considered in the overall process of aging. Furthermore, it has been confirmed that other variables can influence each subdomain of end-of-life care preference. Therefore, nurses should support hospitalized older adults in receiving end-of-life care according to their preferred domains.
Fair Trade and justice: a comment on Walton and Deneulin

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In this article we first point out that the different conceptualisations of Fair Trade, which are sometimes analytically contradictory, actually form a coordinated set. Understanding the Fair Trade project is impossible without taking these interlinked conceptualisations into consideration. Second, this set basically forms a mechanism of structural, institutional and moral reforms that guide actions. In this way Fair Trade sets out to produce less injustice than is usually the case with the structures and institutions that govern conventional trade. Nevertheless, it does not try to define what a just society is or even to perfectly define ‘fair trade’. This implies the adoption of a comparative justice angle. It is precisely by linking comparative individual situations with the structures that produce these situations that relative justice can find its strength and purpose.
Histopathology, Collateral Lesions and Morphological Precursors in Six Cases of Sarcoma of the Female Breast.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A personal case of osteoclast-like giant cell sarcoma of the mammary gland is reported together with five other breast sarcomas observed during sixteen years at this Institute. Clinical and pathological findings are discussed. The frequent association of sarcomas with previous and/or simultaneous fibroadenomas in the same breast is emphasized.
Binding Energies of the Neutral and Ionic Clusters of Naphthalene in Their Ground Electronic States

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The binding energies of the neutral and ionic clusters of naphthalene have been determined from the two-color two-photon measurements of the ionization potentials and appearance potentials. The measured binding energies (D0) of the neutral dimer is significantly smaller than the binding energies (De) computed by correlated (MP2) quantum chemistry calculations. Interestingly, the experimental binding energy of the naphthalene dimer ion is very close to half the transition energy of its charge resonance absorption band, indicating that the dimer ion is stabilized mostly by charge resonance interactions. The slow increase in the dimer ion current with increasing photon energy, near the threshold of the excimer-mediated photoionization, suggests that the geometry of the dimer ion is significantly different from the sandwich-pair geometry of the excimer. Finally, the measured evaporation energies of the neutral tetramer, trimer ion, and tetramer ion support the trimer core structure of the neutral tetramer and the dimer core structure of the ionic clusters.
Catullus' Wedding Hymns - Ole Thomsen: Ritual and Desire. Catullus 61 and 62 and Other Ancient Documents on Wedding and Marriage. Pp. 323. Aarhus: Aarhus University Press, 1992. D. kr. 198 / $33.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Catullus' Wedding Hymns - Ole Thomsen: Ritual and Desire. Catullus 61 and 62 and Other Ancient Documents on Wedding and Marriage. Pp. 323. Aarhus: Aarhus University Press, 1992. D. kr. 198 / $33. - Volume 43 Issue 1
From von neumann, John Atanasoff and ABC to Neuromorphic computation and the NeuCube spatio-temporal data machine

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

During the 1940s John Atanasoff with the help of one of his students Clifford E. Berry, in Iowa State College, created the ABC (Atanasoff-Berry Computer) that was the first electronic digital computer. The ABC computer was not a general-purpose one, but still, it was the first to implement three of the most important ideas used in computers nowadays: binary data representation; using electronics instead of mechanical switches and wheels; using a Von Neumann architecture, where the memory and the computations are separated. A new computational paradigm, named as Neuromorphic, utilises the above two principles, but instead of the Von Neumann principle, it integrates the memory and the computation in a single module a spiking neural network (SNN) structure. The paper first reviews the need for neuromorphic systems and describes the principle differences from the traditional von Neumann architecture and then presents the NeuCube neuromorphic evolving spatio-temporal data machine for learning, recognising and understanding of spatio and spectro-temporal data using neuromorphic principles. This is the one of its kind artificial intelligence system that can be directly ported on the neuromorphic hardware chips. A limited version of the NeuCube software implementation is available from http://www.kedri.aut.ac.nz/neucube/
Locating Knowledge in Góngora and Borges

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This paper explores the role of the imagination in our understanding of the nature of knowledge, through the synchronic interaction of the works of Luis de Góngora and Jorge Luis Borges, respectively. We discuss the supposed ‘world of écriture’ and ‘blinding’ metaphors of the former, and the spatial shift between self and universe that metaphor entails, in the latter. We also highlight some of the ways in which the two bodies of work relate to each other, and speak to us about how imagination relates to understanding, particularly through the short story ‘El Aleph’ and Borges’ later reappraisal of Gongorine methods. The lesson that Góngora and Borges teach us about such explanations is twofold: firstly, that any explanation is only every partial, and secondly, that explanations can only ever be indirect and are always mediated by the imagination. Ultimately, the irony is that, for these authors, a large element of the ‘truth’ that we achieve is an understanding about the limited nature of understanding itself.
Magnetic Resonance Multiphase Flow Meter: Gas Flow Measurement Principle and Wide Range Testing Results

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper starts with a brief summary of the liquid measuring principle and continues with a description of the Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) methodology which is used to quantify gas phase fraction and velocity. This explanation is supported with illustrative measurement data. As such, this paper can be understood as an extension of the paper on the Magnetic Resonance (MR) based multiphase flowmeter presented last year[1]. Meanwhile, extensive tests have been carried out with the industrialized version of the MR meter in various test laboratories, covering a wide range of flow rates, GVF’s, WLR’s, salinities, viscosities and pressures. The results of these tests will be presented in this paper, illustrating the performance of the latest version of the MR-based multiphase flow meter.
Blockchain-based peer review system

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Major sectors are employing the use of blockchain technology to enhance their day-to-day operations. Educational services is one such sector with the government of Singapore developing a large-scale blockchain certificate verification system to improve the education sector. This project will further boost the adoption of blockchain technology in the education space with the development of a peer review decentralised application. This application will be developed with the decentralised, transparent and secure nature of the Ethereum blockchain as the foundation. This peer review decentralised application will allow an administrator to start peer review sessions. The administrator creates teams and assigns peers to their respective teams in the peer review session. The administrator can then start the peer review session where peers use typed evaluations or use a rating system to evaluate/review their fellow peers. Reviews made are final and cannot be modified. This project aims to produce a peer review system that is transparent and immutable which is the key to tackling the problems of fake reviews plaguing traditional scholarly peer reviews, and at the same time providing the security and confidentiality features for student peer evaluation processes.
ON THE CIRCUMFERENTIAL VIBRATION OF A HOLLOW CYLINDRICAL QUARTZ OSCILLATOR

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The circumferential vibration of a hollow quartz cylinder has been thoroughly studied. The empirical relation connecting the dimensions of the cylinder and the frequency of vibration has been formulated, and the temperature coefficients of the frequency determined. The temperature coefficient is practically zero for a wide range of temperature, when the ratio of the internal radius to the external radius of the cylinder approaches a value which is very close to 0.5.
Future Leadership

Field: Nursing (Health Sciences)

To coin a phrase from the lyrics of an old song, “what the world needs now” to improve global health is nursing leadership. Several policy reports from the World Health Organization1,2 and the Pan America Health Organization (PAHO)3 emphasize the strategic importance of nursing leadership and the strengthening of nursing leadership at all levels of health systems for improving access and quality of care and population health outcomes. Similarly, these reports recognize the enhanced clinical expertise provided by advanced practice nurses and advocate for their expanded use and optimized scope of practice to deliver needed health care services in all countries, but especially in lower- and middle-income countries where advanced practice nurses may be few or non-existent, and where there is high health inequity.
Hypersensitive Radical Probes and the Mechanisms of Cytochrome P450-Catalyzed Hydroxylation Reactions

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The title probes are precursors to kinetically calibrated, aryl-substituted cyclopropylcarbinyl radicals that rearrange with picosecond lifetimes. Applications in studies of cytochrome P450-catalyzed hydroxylation reactions are reviewed. Initially confusing results regarding lifetimes of radicals in the hydroxylation reactions were resolved when second-generation probes that distinguish between radicals and cations were employed. The results indicate that two electrophilic oxidizing species are involved in P450-catalyzed hydroxylations, an iron-oxo species that inserts oxygen and a hydroperoxo-iron species that inserts OH(+). The cationic rearrangement products are ascribed to reactions of the protonated alcohol products formed from the latter.
Urinary excretion of inflammatory mediators during allergen‐induced early and late phase asthmatic reactions

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background It is generally accepted that the early asthmatic response to inhaled allergen is a result of IgE‐mediated mast cell activation. In contrast, the underlying mechanism of the late asthmatic response is much less clear. Objective In order to investigate the pattern of mediator release during the early and late asthmatic responses to allergen, measurements of the urinary excretion of the mast cell markers 9α,11β‐PGF 2 and N τ ‐methylhistamine were made. In addition, urinary levels of eosinophil protein X (EPX) and leukotriene E 4 (LTE 4 ) were measured. Methods Twelve mild atopic asthmatics participated in the study. On the study day, pulmonary function was recorded at baseline and for 12 h after inhalation of allergen. Urine was collected prior to challenge and thereafter at 1 h intervals. Measurements of 9α,11β‐PGF 2 and LTE 4 were made with enzyme‐immunoassay, and levels of N τ ‐methylhistamine and EPX were analysed with radioimmunoassay. Results All subjects developed both an early and late phase airway response. Within 1 h of the early peak airway response, there was a significant increase in the urinary concentrations (AUC/h) of 9α,11β‐PGF 2 (49.3 ± 9.2 to 142.5 ± 49.2; P < 0.001) N τ ‐methylhistamine (10.4 ± 1.4 to 19.5 ± 1.4; P < 0.001) and LTE 4 (43.7 ± 5.9 to 105.9 ± 21.3; P < 0.001). Levels of all three mediators were also significantly increased above baseline during the LAR to 79.4 ± 9.5 ( P < 0.01), 19.8 ± 1.9 ( P < 0.001) and 85.6 ± 10.4 ( P < 0.001), respectively. Levels of EPX remained unchanged during the early and late responses (39.2 ± 10.2 to 37.5 ± 18.5, 33.9 ± 6.8). Conclusions These results indicate that mast cell activation is a feature not only of the early but also the late asthmatic response. Finally, increased LTE 4 supports the contribution of the leukotrienes to airway obstruction during both phases of the asthmatic response to allergen.
Value‐Added Utilization of Agro‐Industrial Residues

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Valorization of agro-industrial byproducts and wastes holds significant potential to increase sustainability of food systems. Utilization of complete material streams for production of animal feed, energy, compost and/or specific consumer applications is already widely implemented and experiences further dissemination. Fractionized valorization in biorefinery approaches is an emerging field aiming at significantly increased overall efficiency of resources utilization. Such strategies are particularly suitable for material streams occurring in relation to industrial food processing. A focus on functional food highlights the wide variety of possible applications
Video 5 from <i>In Vivo</i> Fluorescence Imaging of the Activity of CEA TCB, a Novel T-Cell Bispecific Antibody, Reveals Highly Specific Tumor Targeting and Fast Induction of T-Cell–Mediated Tumor Killing

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

<p>2P time-lapse acquisition of LS174T / human PBMC cografts on day 4 after implantation (baseline), 24 h after control and 24 h after CEA TCB treatment. LS174T RFP tumor cells (red), CFSE labeled T-cells (green). Scale bar indicates 50 ÃŽÂ¼m.</p>
Relationship between physical activity levels and physical fitness of young (15-17 ages)

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The aim of this study was to investigate the relation between physical activity levels and physical fitness of young people (aged 15-17). In total, 200 students participated in this study voluntarily. Physical activity levels were determined by the application of International Physical Activity Questionnaire to the participants. Body composition was also determined by the Body Mass Index calculation. V sit - reach test, 30 seconds sit-up test, 20 meters sprint, 1 mile run and walk test, standing long jump and medicine ball throw tests. The MET scores were calculated for the determination of physical activity levels. The relation with physical fitness was determined by the Pearson correlation test (p&amp;lt;0.05). It was found that the male was physically more active than the female, and the physical activity levels decreased as the age of the participants grow. In conclusion, it can be said that the physical activity level and physical fitness are correlated.
Ultra‐Fast Microwave Synthesis of 3D Flower‐Like Co9S8 Hierarchical Architectures for High‐Performance Supercapacitor Applications

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Ultra‐fast microwave irradiation is used to synthesize 3D flower‐like Co 9 S 8 hierarchical architectures. Based on time‐dependent SEM observations, a multistep splitting–growth mechanism is proposed to understand the formation of the observed structures. Moreover, the materials were used as electrodes to fabricate supercapacitors with high specific capacitances of 522, 499, 441, 436, and 397 F g –1 at current densities of 0.5, 0.8,1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 A g –1 , respectively. The devices also show high charge–discharge reversibility, with an efficiency of 97.7 % after cycling 1000 times at a current density of 1.0 A g –1 .
Demand Ischemia due to Gastrointestinal Bleeding Secondary to Ticagrelor

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Ticagrelor, an orally consumed antiplatelet medication, acts as an antagonist on the P2Y12 receptor preventing adenosine diphosphate-induced platelet aggregation. Gastrointestinal bleeding triggered by ticagrelor can lead to demand ischemia, as the demand for oxygen by the tissues surpasses the oxygen supply available following acute blood loss. A male patient in his 80s had his antiplatelet medication switched from clopidogrel to ticagrelor following a cardiac stent. He presented to the emergency department a few months later due to black stools and fatigue. The patient had a critically elevated initial troponin level of 780 ng/L which increased to 892 ng/L two hours later. Hemoglobin was low at 8.5 g/dL. The patient suspended usage of ticagrelor and switched back to clopidogrel. Three weeks later, he had an endoscopy, which demonstrated no active bleeding sources.
Generating personal QR codes on mobile device

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Quick response (QR) code is a machine-readable code consisting of black and white squares also known as modules, typically used for storing information such as URL and the information can be easily decoded by using QR scanners on smartphones. Businesses are using QR codes on printed medias and business cards for marketing or advertising purposes to lead potential buyers to their websites and listings. To attract users to scan QR code, visually significant QR codes can be achieved by blending QR code with another image. Since pixel art has numerous modules and its properties are similar to those of QR code, a pixelated image module can blend perfectly with the QR code module. By adjusting the luminance of image pixel, it can help to achieve the blending of QR code and image. Blending with gradient effect can further be achieved by setting different thresholds and adjusting the luminance accordingly. By resizing the QR modules smaller allows more image pixels to be shown. The purpose of this project is to implement the customization of QR on mobile platform, so that users can easily customized QR codes according to their needs. Parallel processing is introduced in the pixelation and blending method to speed up the overall processing time on mobile platform. In addition, further experiments were done to test the reliability and comparison of visual appearance of different pixelation and blending methods. The user interface and its design principles are discussed in the last part of the report.