jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidative Coupling of Arylglycine‐Containing Peptides. A Biomimetic Approach to the Synthesis of the Macrocyclic Actinoidinic‐Containing Vancomycin Subunit.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Constructing the gendered body? A critical discourse analysis of gender equality schemes in the health sector in England

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article examines gender discourses embedded in gender equality policies in the health sector. Gender mainstreaming was first adopted by a number of international and intergovernmental, regional and national actors some time ago, yet there is limited evidence of progress in addressing gender justice in health. Failures in gender equality policies have often been attributed to the lack of gender-disaggregated data, combined with a lack of resources, training and skills. In addition, studies have identified problems originating in the shift from participatory approaches to technocratic solutions, and the persistence of underlying gender relations of power. However, gender equality policies may also contribute to gender discourse in ways which reinforce and perpetuate inequalities between men and women. This article draws on Bacchi’s ‘what is the problem represented to be’ (WPR) approach to policy analysis, to explore responses of primary care organisations in England to legislation requiring public sector organisations to tackle gender discrimination and promote equality of opportunity between men and women. The article adopts a critical discourse approach to gender equality documents and suggests that such texts construct women and men as essentially different, reinforcing specific forms of masculinity and male performance and notions of male disadvantage in health systems.
DIRECT DETERMINATION OF CATION DISORDER IN MgAl2O4 SPINEL BY HIGH-RESOLUTION 27Al MAGIC-ANGLE-SPINNING NMR SPECTROSCOPY

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract 27Al MAS NMR is shown to be a valuable tool in probing the coordination of aluminum in MgAl2O4 spinels, enabling the extent of Mg/Al order in the structure to be determined directly. From the relative intensities of the NMR peaks, assigned to octahedrally and tetrahedrally coordinated aluminum, the inversion parameter, i, was calculated to be 0.36±0.03 for a MgAl2O4 spinel synthesized at 1400 °C, and 0.12±0.06 for a natural spinel.
The Role of e-Trust and e-Service Quality on e-Loyalty of e-banking Consumers in Tangerang

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship of e-Trust to e-Loyalty, the relationship of e-Service Quality to e-Loyalty and the relationship of e-trust to e-Service Quality. The research method used in this research is quantitative research and explanatory survey. The data used in this study is primary data obtained by distributing online questionnaires to 566 bank customers who use the e-Banking application. The number of respondents was 566 respondents who were selected by simple random sampling of e-Banking application users in Tangerang. To analyze the data from the measurement results of the independent and dependent variables through an online questionnaire. The statistical data processing tool used in this research is SmartPLS 3.0. Based on data analysis, it can be concluded that e-Trust has a positive and significant effect on e-Loyalty, e-Service Quality has a positive and significant effect on e-Loyalty, e-Trust has a positive and significant effect on e-Service Quality.
Real-world treatment patterns in patients with metastatic bladder cancer: A cross-regional analysis.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

e23321 Background: Approximately 5% of patients are diagnosed with metastatic bladder cancer (mBC), and about half relapse after cystectomy. The treatment landscape includes cisplatin-based chemotherapy, PD-1/L1 inhibitors, and other evolving targeted therapies. Despite recent advancements, survival rates for mBC remain poor. This study assessed mBC treatment patterns across regions (Europe, APAC, USA), highlighting significant regional differences in patient demographics and access to therapies. Methods: This study utilized IQVIA’s Oncology Dynamics, an oncology-specific, multi-country, cross-sectional survey, which collects patient-level oncology data using anonymized records of drug-treated cancer patients. Bladder cancer patients in the US, EU4 (France, Germany, Italy, Spain) + UK, and APAC (China, Japan, Korea) between January 2017 and September 2024 were evaluated for biomarker testing, and treatment options. Results: In this analysis, 22,812 patients were treated between 2017 and 2024, with 6,174 from Europe, 10,357 from APAC, and 6,281 from the USA. The mean age range was 71-75 years, representing 24.6% of the patients, although in Europe, the most frequent age at diagnosis was between 66-70 years. The majority of patients were male (70.5%). In the USA, the most common treatments were platinum-based chemotherapy in the first line (47.1%), immunotherapy monotherapy in the second line (79.8%), and enfortumab vedotin in the third line (45.8%). In APAC, these were platinum-based chemotherapy in the first line (65.6%), immunotherapy monotherapy in the second line (73.3%), and Nectin-4 ADCs in the third line (30.9%). While in Europe, platinum-based chemotherapy in the first line (56.2%), immunotherapy monotherapy in the second line (80.5%), and other chemotherapy schemes in the third line (38.6%). A total of 21,324 patients (94.4%) were treated with ADC across all lines and regions, with most treatments publicly funded (82%). Regarding FGFR inhibitors, 1,488 patients (5.6%) were treated, with significant public funding (86%). In Europe, 42% of patients treated with FGFR inhibitors were enrolled in clinical trials. Furthermore, 26% of patients in Europe and 11% in the USA received FGFR inhibitors in the first-line setting. A total of 419 patients (28.1%) received prior treatment with immunotherapy before FGFR inhibitors. Conclusions: This study provides valuable real-world data on treatment patterns among patients with mBC in Europe, APAC, and the USA. Real-world treatment patterns offer crucial insights for the emergence of novel therapies, helping to identify areas of unmet need. Our data indicate an increasing number of patients accessing immunotherapy across all regions and lines of therapy, while enfortumab vedotin remains the preferred option in the third-line setting. Further investigation into FGFR inhibitors is needed to understand their impact on real-world patients.
The systematic position of the enigmatic thyreophoran dinosaur Paranthodon africanus, and the use of basal exemplifiers in phylogenetic analysis

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The first African dinosaur to be discovered, Paranthodon africanus was found in 1845 in the Lower Cretaceous of South Africa. Taxonomically assigned to numerous groups since discovery, in 1981 it was described as a stegosaur, a group of armoured ornithischian dinosaurs characterised by bizarre plates and spines extending from the neck to the tail. This assignment has been subsequently accepted. The type material consists of a premaxilla, maxilla, a nasal, and a vertebra, and contains no synapomorphies of Stegosauria. Several features of the maxilla and dentition are reminiscent of Ankylosauria, the sister-taxon to Stegosauria, and the premaxilla appears superficially similar to that of some ornithopods. The vertebral material has never been described, and since the last description of the specimen, there have been numerous discoveries of thyreophoran material potentially pertinent to establishing the taxonomic assignment of the specimen. An investigation of the taxonomic and systematic position of Paranthodon is therefore warranted. This study provides a detailed re-description, including the first description of the vertebra. Numerous phylogenetic analyses demonstrate that the systematic position of Paranthodon is highly labile and subject to change depending on which exemplifier for the clade Stegosauria is used. The results indicate that the use of a basal exemplifier may not result in the correct phylogenetic position of a taxon being recovered if the taxon displays character states more derived than those of the basal exemplifier, and we recommend the use, minimally, of one basal and one derived exemplifier per clade. Paranthodon is most robustly recovered as a stegosaur in our analyses, meaning it is one of the youngest and southernmost stegosaurs.
Evaluation of flash temperatures of a composite elastomer tip seal with a dry sliding conditions in contact with a high carbon steel plate

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

One of the most important issues in dry sliding contact is the frictional heat generated.This study investigates the flash temperatures caused by frictional heating of sliding parallel pairs: a high performance fluoroelastomer composite with a high carbon steel plate.These materials have industrial applications and in particular as the main contacting components within a scroll expander system.The expected flash temperature values of the studied contacts are important to be revealed in order to predict the wear mechanisms associated with excessive contact temperatures caused by sliding friction.Two different roughness profiles of the high carbon steel plate were used.The flash temperatures generated by the asperities contact of the tested materials were investigated as a function of the friction coefficient, the applied pressure and the sliding velocity, using a reciprocating tribometer.Initially physical experimental observations of the specific contact produced with a high-precision thermal camera integrated with a sliding micro-friction machine were conducted.Analytical results using conventional mathematical methodology were also produced.The analytical and experimental findings were then compared indicating interesting correlations within the flash temperatures and the experimental conditions.The most influential parameter for the flash temperature rise is determined.
Assessment of risks of essential and toxic elements exposure contained in foodstuff for workers of mining and processing industry

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Introduction. Based on the average consumption of foodstuff, as well as data of the chemical composition of foodstuff, there are calculated the hazard coefficients and indices, individual risk for men working at the "Erdenet" mining and processing plant in Mongolia. The study aims to assess the health risks of mining and processing workers in Mongolia when exposed to essential Cu, Mo, Se and toxic elements As, Cd, Pb, Hg. Materials and methods. The content of essential and toxic elements in food rations was calculated from the data of multi-element analysis of samples of local foodstuff, conducted by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. 30 samples of foodstuff were examined for the content of elements: essential Cu, Mo, Se and toxic As, Cd, Pb, Hg. The calculation of carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk was carried out in accordance with the guidelines P 2.1.10.1920-04. Results. An imbalance of the average daily intake of essential elements with the diet in the body of workers has been established: selenium consumption is 80.23% lower than the recommended norms of physiological needs; while the consumption of molybdenum is exceeded by 40.97%. The main sources of molybdenum are bread and bakery products (73.9%) produced from local raw materials. Limitations. Our study has a number of significant uncertainties related to the identification of the danger of individual toxicants, incomplete ideas about the levels of consumption of vegetables and fruits and their content of essential food substances and contaminants that were not included in the study of chemical composition. Conclusions. The calculated index of the non-carcinogenic hazard of toxic elements for the health of employees was 0.52, where 0.3 is by arsenic. The main contribution to the total HQ is the intake of essential and toxic elements from food (96.86%), while only 3.14% comes from drinking water.
Intergenerational relations and the sense of belonging in the context of migration – What do second generation young adults learn from their first generation parents (and vice versa)?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Migration is a life transition that entails changes in social and emotional belonging, and an important developmental task for migrants is the establishment of bonds in the receiving country. While first generation immigrants have been enculturated in the culture of origin before being confronted with the host culture, their children grow up in two or multiple different value systems and cultures during their formative years. How does this so-called second-generation experience their cultural belonging and how are their identity constructions related to their parents’? This was a main topic of the FNR-funded IRMA project which compared first and second generations from Portuguese migrant families in the Luxembourgish multicultural context with regard to their cultural identity, intergenerational relations and transmission processes. The sample of the present study consists of family dyads resp. Triads comprising n = 70 PT mothers and n = 65 PT fathers over the age of 50 who arrived about 30 years ago to Luxembourg, together with n = 72 PT young adults (mean age M = 28. 2, SD = 7. 9; 61. 1% female) already born or grown up in Luxembourg. By use of a newly developed measure of cultural attachment to Luxembourg and Portugal, we examine the intergenerational continuity in the sense of cultural belonging and identify mediators in the transmission process such as relationship quality and the motivation to transmit or accept parental values. Results will be discussed with reference to an integrative model on intergenerational relations in the light of age and migration experiences.
Novel Alloying Strategy to Improve Brazing Properties on Nickel Based Superalloys for Aircrafts Turbine Application

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The continuous improvement of high potential repair technologies is an essential driver for cost-effective and sustainable aviation. To withstand extreme forces and temperatures the turbine section of aircraft engines is made from Nickel-based superalloys. This class of materials routinely develops cracks and geometrical deviations in service which require a brazing repair, thus making brazing an indispensable key technology. This study seeks to improve brazing properties on Nickel-based superalloys for aircraft applications. Facilitated by materials simulation, a novel alloying strategy is outlined to design the braze alloy chemistry. The design criteria are established on the optimization of major microstructural properties influencing the mechanical properties known for repair brazed joints. The proposed design criteria were applied to the development of two new braze alloys. The new alloy design approach is validated experimentally by using the developed alloys. Mechanical properties of brazed samples made from Nickel-based superalloys were investigated at a service equivalent temperature of 871 °C. Results indicate that the ultimate tensile strength at 871 °C is 20.5 % higher than that published for legacy braze alloys. This study provides a basis for the development of repair technologies applicable to further superalloys.
Three-Dimensional Grouping and Information Fusion for Site Modeling from Aerial Images

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper demonstrates the utility of data fusion when applied to the problem of site model reconstruction. We combined the results from hierarchical image matching, feature based building detec- tion, robust plane fitting, and heuristic assemble algorithms to form an accurate, robust site model reconstruction system. In the future, the techniques described here will be extended to more complex buildings, including gabled and curved roofs, by fitting the elevation data to a wider variety of geometric models. An additional goal is to use the partially closed chains as focus of attention mechanisms and to explore approaches for recovering surface structure between arbitrary sequences of corners and lines. Overall, we expect to continue the investigation of plausible strategies for grouping generic elements into complex structures and for simultaneously fusing information from multiple sources into coherent models. The results shown here are encouraging. The accuracy of the final reconstructions can be observed from the visually consistent renderings. Through the careful combination of primitive elements and special purpose strategies, we have the beginnings of an automatic, accurate, and functional system.
EmbB and EmbC regulate the sensitivity of Mycobacterium abscessus to echinomycin

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Treatment of Mycobacterium abscessus (Mab) infections is very challenging due to its intrinsic resistance to most available drugs. Therefore, it is crucial to discover novel anti‐Mab drugs. In this study, we explored an intrinsic resistance mechanism through which Mab resists echinomycin (ECH). ECH showed activity against Mab at a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 2 µg/ml. A ΔembC strain in which the embC gene was knocked out showed hypersensitivity to ECH (MIC: 0.0078–0.0156 µg/ml). The MICs of ECH‐resistant strains screened with reference to ΔembC ranged from 0.25 to 1 µg/ml. Mutations in EmbB, including D306A, D306N, R350G, V555I, and G581S, increased the Mab's resistance to ECH when overexpressed in ΔembC individually (MIC: 0.25–0.5 µg/ml). These EmbB mutants, edited using the CRISPR/Cpf1 system, showed heightened resistance to ECH (MIC: 0.25–0.5 µg/ml). The permeability of these Mab strains with edited genes and overexpression was reduced, as evidenced by an ethidium bromide accumulation assay, but it remained significantly higher than that of the parent Mab. In summary, our study demonstrates that ECH exerts potent anti‐Mab activity and confirms that EmbB and EmbC are implicated in Mab's sensitivity to ECH. Mutation in EmbB may partially compensate for a loss of EmbC function.
Mandated Representation: Exploring the Consequences of Gender Quota Design on Parliamentary Activity

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Although the scholarship on legislative behaviour widely agrees that electoral rules determine parliamentary activities, surprisingly little is known on the impact of gender quotas. We contribute to this research gap by developing an innovative interdisciplinary framework and by exploring it based on a unique dataset on varying gender quota designs throughout EU countries and parties running for the 7th term of the European Parliament (2009–2014). Based on the scholarship on gender diversity in management teams and the research on gendered processes in political parties, we argue that especially mandated gender quotas stimulate processes of social categorisation, intergroup biasing and competition due to a normative mis-fit between conceptions of gender equality and gender quotas, which in turn influences coordination and communication and hence, parliamentary activity more generally. Combining negative-binomial regression models and expert interviews, we indeed find that mandated gender quotas promote ‘individual’ parliamentary activities (e.g. speeches) and tend to impede ‘collaborative’ parliamentary activities (e.g. reports).
Rigorous Design Optimization of a Fiber-Enabled Polarimetric Waveguide Interferometer for Biosensing

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Integrated photonic sensors have gained significant attention for biosensing applications. An especially potent design is the polarimetric waveguide interferometer, which utilizes polarization diversity for effective self-referencing. However, its implementations are held back by the need for bulky free-space optics or unreliable waveguide junctions for polarization handling. To overcome these limitations, we propose a novel concept for a compact photonic system that employs edge couplers to excite both polarizations from an optical fiber and an in-line polarizer to obtain the phase information in the fiber-based readout. Additionally, we improve the waveguide design methodology to minimize the limit of detection through balancing sensitivity with optical loss. To this end, we create a unified perturbative approach based on atomic force microscopy and ellipsometry data to model sensitivity, surface-roughness-induced scattering, absorption, and radiation. We then incorporate the coupling efficiency into a figure of merit for the combined system. Thus, we optimize the geometry of a strip waveguide on a CMOS-foundry-sourced silicon nitride platform for biosensing. Through exhaustive screening of the design space, we discover that polarization diversity simultaneously leverages high sensitivity and low overlap with sidewall roughness. Further, we present designs that eliminate the phase signal from two major noise sources: thermal and bulk refractive index fluctuations. Finally, we provide design recommendations and achieve a 5.2-fold improvement over a comparable bimodal waveguide interferometer. Thus, our aim is to design a robust, compact, sensitive, and cost-effective polarimetric waveguide interferometer through an efficient concept and an optimized design.
A PROLOG Lexical Phrase Computer Assisted Language Learning Module

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This thesis presents the design of a computer assisted language learning (CALL) program written in the computer language, PROLOG. It will provide a practice exercise to teach "lexical phrases" to second language learning students of English. Lexical phrases are lexico-grammatical "chunks" of words, which possess specific pragmatic functions within spoken discourse (Nattinger and DeCarrico, 1992). These form/function composites of varying length aid conversational fluency. The program presents a scenario where the participants are college students who pass one another in the hallway. After they exchange initial greetings, the first participant (i.e., the computer) informs the other student that a test, for some unknown class, will be postponed till "next Tuesday". The second student answers with a smprised remark. The first student responds that he/she could use the extra time for study, and then says, "goodbye". The dialog ends with when the second participant types in "good-bye". The study sought to answer the following questions: 1) are lexical phrases adaptable for use in computer assisted language learning (CALL) programs?; 2) what problems arise when using lexical phrases on computers?; 3) is the dialog realistic and does it offer a communicative alternative to traditional drills? The results are that lexical phrases can be easily implemented in computer assisted language learning (CALL) programs. Further, CALL programs using lexical phrases in a communicative language teaching mode provide a framework for realistic dialogs. It offers more interesting exercises compared to traditional language drills. The only criteria for the computer-created dialog is its ability to produce realistic responses. This program produces a realistic dialog, although it is highly invariable. A major drawback to this study is its inability to implement any parsing capabilities into the program; thus, there are restrictions on the database representation of any contextual information. Nevertheless, as computer software technology advances, the use of lexical phrases in CALL programs will provide an effective means to aid the communicative competence of second language learners of English.