jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
ReRAM write circuit with dynamic uniform and small overshoot compliance current under PVT variations

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Resistive random access memory (ReRAM) is very attractive for dense storage in embedded applications because of its good scalability and logic-process compatibility. However, ReRAM suffers from severe variations in R off /R on , endurance and retention, which greatly impair its yield and limit its application. Besides the variation sources from material defects, device non-uniformity and manufacturing deviations, circuit inability to provide an ideal write condition also plays an important role in causing above-mentioned variations. Especially, the requirement for a uniform and small overshoot compliance current during set (forming) is critical for narrowing the low-resistance state (LRS), i.e. R on distribution, while the prior works fail to satisfy. This paper proposed a write driver with dynamic uniform and small overshoot compliance current under different set/forming voltages. The benefits of self-adaptive write mode (SAWM) are also reserved for both set and reset operations. Simulation shows that the compliance current with 5% variation for PVT variations and 3% overshoot is achieved.
Evidence of cost growth under cost-plus and fixed-price contracting

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

As defined by the US Department of Energy (DOE), privatization refers to a shifting of responsibilities for the completion of projects from a cost-plus Management and Operations (M and O) contract, to incentive-based contracts with the private sector. DOE`s new vision is to arrange cleanup work around incentives-based contracts, which are won via competitive bidding. Competition in awarding cleanup contracts can make use of market incentives to lower project costs and reduce slippage time. Fixed-price contracts encourage contractors to minimize schedule delays and cost overruns once the scope of a project has been negotiated. Conversely, cost-plus contracting offers weak incentives for contractors to select cost-minimizing production and management approaches. Because privatization explicitly allocates more risk to the contractor, it forces the government to better define its goals and methods. This study summarizes actual cost experiences with government contracts performed under cost-plus and fixed-price incentive structures at all levels of government. The first section provides some background on the problem of making contractor activity more cost-efficient. Following this are sections on the measurement of performance and the costs of projects, limitations on measurement, and findings of similar studies. The study concludes with appendices discussing the details of the performance measurement methodology and the project data sets used in the study.
Rational drug use awareness of the nurses in the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus Near East University Hospital

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

OBJECTIVE: Irrational use of drugs cause a serious economical burden for many countries. Rational drug use RDU requires a teamwork of health providers. Prescribers, pharmacists and nurses have an important role in RDU. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the knowledge and attitude of the nurses about RDU. METHODS: The present study was conducted to evaluate the knowledge of the 44 nurses (who consented to participate in the study) in Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (T.R.N.C.) Near East University Hospital towards rational drug use. RESULTS: All the nurses were female with an average age of 38 ± 13. Half of them had high school degree, 11.4% associate degree and 38.6 bachelor degree. Average experience in nursing was 16 ± 12 years. Seventy seven percent of the nurses told that they did not know the RUD. The most common problems about order/prescription was claimed to be illegible order/prescription (76.7%), unavailability of the drug in the market/ hospital pharmacy stocks (37.5%), missing instructions (46.2%), dosing error (24.4%), inappropriate pharmaceutical form (8.8%). The nurses stated that they consulted physicians (97.8%) or their colleagues (89.2%) in case of a drug related problem. Also they stated that they generally informed patients about the time of drug administration (when to take the drug- before or after a meal), while they informed patients about drug/ nutrient interactions. Eighty percent told that they were satisfied by the way they practiced their profession and 96% said they would be willing to attend a training course about RDU. CONCLUSION: Our survey results demonstrated a need for educational program on RDU for nurses.
Probing the formation of double neutron star binaries around 1 mHz with LISA

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We propose a novel method to examine whether Galactic double neutron star binaries are formed in the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) band. In our method, we assign an effective time fraction $\ensuremath{\tau}$ to each double neutron star binary detected by LISA. This fraction is given as a function of the observed orbital period and eccentricity and should be uniformly distributed in the absence of in-band binary formation. Applying statistical techniques such as the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test to the actual list of $\ensuremath{\tau}$, we can inspect the signature of the in-band binary formation. We discuss the prospects of this method, paying close attention to the available sample number of Galactic double neutron star binaries around 1 mHz.
Addendum: Integral Limit Theorems Taking Large Deviations into Account when Cramer’s Condition Does Not Hold

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Previous article Addendum: Integral Limit Theorems Taking Large Deviations into Account when Cramer’s Condition Does Not HoldA. V. NagaevA. V. Nagaevhttps://doi.org/10.1137/1114072PDFBibTexSections ToolsAdd to favoritesExport CitationTrack CitationsEmail SectionsAbout"Addendum: Integral Limit Theorems Taking Large Deviations into Account when Cramer’s Condition Does Not Hold." Theory of Probability & Its Applications, 14(3), p. 534 Previous article FiguresRelatedReferencesCited ByDetails Volume 14, Issue 3| 1969Theory of Probability & Its Applications373-534 History Published online:17 July 2006 InformationCopyright © Society for Industrial and Applied MathematicsPDF Download Article & Publication DataArticle DOI:10.1137/1114072Article page range:pp. 534-534ISSN (print):0040-585XISSN (online):1095-7219Publisher:Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics
Defects Associated with Welding Techniques and Their Detection Methods

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This chapter focused on the welding defects related to various welding processes and their detection using various techniques. Welding is inevitable where permanent and/or leak-proof joints are required. Many welding processes are being developed nowadays to meet various applications/requirements. However, due to incorrect welding parameters and techniques, every welding process is associated with some welding defects. Welding defects can be defined as imperfections/irregularities in the weld bead. In most welds, defects are always present, hence there is a tolerance limit for different defects. Furthermore, these imperfections impair the intended functions of the welded joints and can result in catastrophic failures. Especially, the sharp defects (higher aspect ratio) considerably reduce the fatigue strength rather than the circular one. The most prevalent welding defects are porosity and slag inclusions which weaken the weld joints. Additionally, slag inclusions can also initiate cracking due to being brittle in nature. In a few cases, defects can be repaired; in most cases, they would be re-welded (if the tolerance limit is crossed), which increases the cost of the joint and time. Hence, defects and rectification are essential for welded joints for prolonged service life. Defects can be divided into two major categories: (i) external and (ii) internal defects. External defects can be visible to the naked eye (visual inspection) such as overlap, undercut, underfill, spatters, arc strikes, and so on, while internal defects can be detected using instruments (non-destructive evaluation, NDE) such as porosity, inclusion, blow holes, lack of fusion, and so on. The types of defects vary from one welding technique to another. There are many methods to detect internal defects in the weld joint, for example, liquid penetration test, radiography test, magnetic particle test, eddy current test, ultrasonic test, acoustic emission test and thermography test. Radiography, dye penetration, and ultrasonic methods are commonly used for any type of material, however, radiography can be used for complex weld structures. Additionally, radiography is expensive due to the use of X-ray or Γ-ray sources. On the other hand, if there are any coatings on the surface, eddy current tests are more feasible, however, it is applicable for conducting materials only. Furthermore, NDE has the advantage of not causing damage to the inspection location. The NDE approach is also used to monitor crucial weld joints that are subjected to service conditions, a process known as in-situ monitoring. Other than NDE, there are some destructive methods also to inspect the welds such as guided bend weld test, macro etch weld test and transverse tensile test. It is effective in situations where sacrificing one or two joints is acceptable. The details of different defects and detection methods are discussed in the chapter.
Procedural Fairness in the Policy Process

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract This chapter examines those administrative processes that settle or make recommendations about matters of policy. It identifies different forms of policy making and places the process in a wider context. It then moves from the descriptive features of the policy process to the normative standards which guide it. The main objective of the chapter is to develop a notion of procedural fairness in relation to administrative policy making, which in turn depends on articulating the standards of fair treatment of persons and groups.
Construction of specialized english teaching context under the content-based instruction concept based on virtual reality

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The Content-Based Instruction (CBI) concept emphasizes to gain the ability of using English by learning different topics during the process of studying the course. The CBI course includes professional knowledge and foreign language. It proposes a new idea for designing the specialized English curriculum in Chinese universities. A vivid and reality-like teaching context is quite necessary in carrying out the CBI concept. This research designs and constructs a virtual reality teaching context for the specialized English course based on the interactive and movement capturing characters of Kinect device. This method enhances the immersion, interaction and reality of the teaching context. This system has been used in the class of the specialized English course in major of `Medical electronic instrument and its maintenance' from Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences. By the teaching steps of context construction, context experience, context interpretation and evaluation reflection, it performs a favorable effect, while compared to the previous research.
Why the host community just isn’t enough: Processes and impacts of backpacker social interactions

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This research employs an extended social situation analysis to examine how social interactions of backpackers in New Zealand are manifested, how they can contribute to the visitor experience, to common travel motivations such as self-development and cultural exploration, and how they compare to and influence contacts with the host community. Results from 37 in-depth interviews indicate that backpacker interactions underlie strict rules and are based on a shared understanding of how they are to proceed in terms of conversation topics and personal elements. Certain settings and a positive relationship between interaction participants contribute to longer and more personal social interactions. These in turn are required for emotional well-being, which is why fellow backpackers often replace friends and family as a social support system. Due to the national diversity of backpacker travellers, these interactions also provide exposure to different cultures as well as opportunity for self-development. Contacts with the host community, however, have been reported to be more difficult to establish and were found to be less beneficial for backpackers who have to rely heavily on interaction partners who are social, desire to spend longer amounts of time and are willing to proceed to a more familiar level faster than non-travellers.
Inversion of acoustic mode coupling coefficient matrix induced by shallow water internal waves

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

It is found that the normal mode amplitude time series consist of multi-frequency component by analyzing the structure of acoustical signal when internal wave propagation exists, and each frequency is the product of internal wave speed and the normal mode wave number difference between acoustical receivers and source. The amplitude of each component is proportional to the acoustic mode coupling coefficient. The structure of the normal mode coefficient time series is still complex even the internal waves do not reshape when they propagate from the acoustical receivers to the source. A method is presented to compute the AMCCM by the feature of IWs' motion and the relation between the AMCCM and the acoustical signal fluctuation amplitude. The IWs data measured in the 2001 Asia experiment (ASIAEX2001) is used to check the accuracy of this method by numerical simulation. It is show that the method is accurate to compute the AMCCM.
Implementation of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors in patients with heart failure through a new digital strategy (EMAIL-HF): a randomised clinical trial study design

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Introduction Delayed implementation of new medical discoveries remains a global healthcare challenge and is mainly due to the complexity of cross-institutional patient care. Sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors is the latest medical discovery in heart failure (HF) and have recently been added to clinical guidelines as they have proven to reduce the risk of adverse cardiovascular outcomes in patients with HF across the ejection fraction spectrum. Whether a new digital strategy can optimise and accelerate the implementation of SGLT2 inhibitors in patients living with HF is of great importance for public health. Purpose To evaluate whether a new and streamlined digital strategy can optimise and accelerate the implementation of SGLT2 inhibitors in patients with HF. Design and methods: The trial is a multicentre, parallel group, register-based randomised clinical study, evaluating the effect and potential of a new digital strategy to implement new guideline therapies to patients living with a chronic disease, specifically SGLT2 inhibitors to patients with HF (figure 1). The setup employs data from nationwide health registers and official digital letters to inform patients about the new therapy option and invite them to have their eligibility evaluated by a HF specialist and start therapy. A total of ~10,000 patients with HF across the ejection fraction spectrum (with and without diabetes), who have not yet been started on SGLT2 inhibitors, are identified through Danish nationwide health registers, and randomised 1:1 to receive the digital letter (figure 2). The primary outcome is the proportion of patients redeeming a prescription of a SGLT2 inhibitor within six months. Secondary outcome is a composite HF endpoint consisting of all-cause death or HF hospitalisation. Other outcome measures are renal failure, stroke and myocardial infarction, safety outcomes, adherence to therapy and proportion of vulnerable patient groups initiating therapy including immigrants, elderly, frail patients, patients with lower socioeconomic level and lower educational level. A total of 4689 patients have been randomised (February 2024) and data will be presented in 2025. Conclusions The trial will determine the efficacy and safety of a new and streamlined digital strategy to implement SGLT2 inhibitors to patients with chronic HF. The setup has the potential to be used in a broad spectrum of patients living with chronic diseases and is expected to be highly cost-effective.Figure 1.Study hypothesisFigure 2.Study design
Use of Interviewer-Administered Telephone Surveys during Infectious Disease Outbreaks, Epidemics, and Pandemics: A Scoping Review Protocol v1

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Emergence of modern technology and digitalization has influenced public health research, including data collection methods. The existing literature describes telephone as a useful tool whereby qualitative and quantitative data can be gathered remotely, particularly when traditional face-to-face methods are inappropriate or unfeasible. Objective: This scoping review aims to identify characteristics, challenges, and strengths of interviewer-administered telephone surveys conducted in the time of infectious disease outbreaks, epidemics, and pandemics. Additional questions are set as a guide to explore the methods used in this type of survey and data collection modality. Inclusion criteria: This review will include any interviewer-administered telephone surveys conducted during infectious disease outbreaks, epidemics, and pandemics. Any studies using data collection devices other than landlines and cell phones as well as self-administered survey methods will be excluded. Methods: The authors follow the JBI Manual for Evidence Synthesis for scoping reviews to develop this protocol. This review will follow the Arksey and O’Malley’s methodological framework to perform a scoping review. This scoping review will intend to include all interviewer-administered telephone surveys conducted during infectious disease outbreaks, epidemics, and pandemics in English, French, Spanish, and Japanese. Unpublish literature will also be considered. From the selected studies, data related to the review questions, such as study design categories based on Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT), methods for sampling, phone number verification, contacting informants, languages spoken by interviewers, incentives, as well as challenges and lessons learned will be extracted and presented in a narrative way in this scoping review. Results and discussion will be structured in accordance with the PRISMA extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR) check list.
Age and hypohydration independently influence the peripheral vascular response to heat stress

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Seven young (Y, 22-28 yr) and seven middle-aged (MA, 49-60 yr) normotensive men of similar body size, fatness, and maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) were exposed to a heat challenge in an environmental chamber (48 degrees C, 15% relative humidity). Tests were performed in two hydration states: hydrated (H, 25 ml water/kg body wt 1 h before the test, 2.5 h before exercise) and hypohydrated (Hypo, after 18-20 h of water deprivation). Each test began with a 90-min rest period during which the transiently increased plasma volume and decreased osmolality after drinking in the H condition returned to base line. This period was followed by 30 min of cycle exercise at a mean intensity of 43% VO2max and a 60-min resting recovery period with water ad libitum. Although prior drinking caused no sustained changes in plasma osmolality, Hypo increased plasma osmolality by 7-10 mosmol/kg in both groups. There were no significant age differences in water intake, urine output or osmolality, overall change in body weight, or sweating rate. In the H state, the percent change in plasma volume was less (P less than 0.01) during exercise for the Y group (-5.9 +/- 0.7%) than for the MA group (-9.4 +/- 0.6%). Esophageal temperature (Tes) was higher in the Hypo condition for both groups with no age-related differences. Throughout the 3-h period, mean skin temperature was higher in the Y group and significantly so (P less than 0.05) in the Hypo condition.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Increased Heat Sensitivity of the Photosynthetic Apparatus in Triazine-Resistant Biotypes from Different Plant Species

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Leaf fragments from five species of triazine-resistant and -susceptible plants were exposed for brief periods to temperatures above 38°C. In resistant leaves, a greater increase in temperature-induced fluorescence emission was observed than in susceptible leaves, indicative of greater heat sensitivity of the PS II electron transfer linked to triazine resistance. The kinetics of fluorescence induction under low or strong light excitation revealed two distinct effects of heat exposure; A DCMU-type inhibition which was reversed upon cooling and a decrease in the variable fluorescence, due mainly to an increase in the constant fluorescence (O level) in resistant leaves, which was only partially reversible. A greater deterioration of electron transfer activity in chloroplasts isolated from resistant plants also was detected, under exposures to a high pH, temperature of 25–35°C and to ferricyanide. This indicates that there is greater instability of the oxygen evolving system in triazine-resistant plants.
Turkish Voter Response to Government Incompetence and Corruption Related to the 1999 Earthquakes

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The two major earthquakes which struck northwestern Turkey in 1999, caused enormous amounts of death and destruction, and exposed rampant government corruption involving construction and zoning code violations, as a factor magnifying the disaster. The opposition parties and one of the incumbent parties which participated in previous national governments and held power in current and past municipal administrations were responsible for that. The other two incumbent parties came to power only a short time before the earthquakes and controlled almost none of the local administrations in the disaster zone. They on the other hand, were responsible for the incompetence shown in providing relief, for involvement in corruption related to those efforts, and for failing to prosecute the businessmen who constructed the shoddy buildings and the corrupt officials who permitted them. How voters responded to these in the 2002 parliamentary elections is investigated, using cross-provincial data, controlling for other social, political and economic factors. The fact that different groups of parties were responsible for different types of corruption and mismanagement provided us with a unique data to differentiate between voter responses to corruption and incompetence, and to corruption which has occurred before and after the earthquakes. Our results show that voters punished all of the political parties which participated in governments during the previous decade. The party in charge of the ministry responsible for disaster relief, and parties that controlled more of the city administrations in the quake zone were blamed more. The newly formed Justice and Development Party (AKP) was the main beneficiary of the votes lost by these parties. Our results corroborate the view in the corruption literature that voters react drastically only when the corruption is massive, the information on it highly-credible and well-publicized, involves large number of political parties, not accompanied by competent governance, and a non-corrupt alternative is available.