jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Body dimensions of Fulani and Yoruba ecotype chickens under intensive systems of management

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

One hundred and thirty- three (133) day old chicks consisting of sixty-seven (67) Fulani ecotype chicks and sixty-six (66) Yoruba ecotype chicks were used in a 12-weeks study to compare body weight and 10 body parameters of birds under the intensive system of management. Results showed that the Fulani ecotype chicks had better live weight from week 1 – 12 (p>0.05) (live weight: 32.30±3.74 - 461.50±102.06g for females and 34.00±3.73- 552.43±104.98g for males) while the Yoruba ecotype chicks had lower live weights (24.27±1.55-394.46±29.86g for females and 24.09±1.48- 395.92±17.85g for males respectively). The Fulani type also had superior values for breast breadth and length, with values ranging from 2.06±0.37- 11.14±1.49cm for male breast length and 1.92±0.28- 10.45±1.14cm for female breast length. The breast breadth had values of 2.60±0.53- 2.60±0.53cm for males and 2.64±0.49- 8.60±0.99cm for females. The Yoruba ecotype chickens however had superior values (p>0.05) for comb length (0.58±0.9- 2.30±0.37cm for males, 0.62±0.09-1.72±0.19cm) and beak length (1.32±0.11- 2.94±0.13cm for males, 1.27±0.08-2.82±0.16cm for females), throughout the study period. Wing length also changed in the same way from week 7 for females and week 9 for males to favour values recorded for the Yoruba ecotype chickens. All other parameters were higher (p>0.05) for the Fulani ecotype chickens. It was concluded that the Fulani ecotype chicken has potentials to be selected as meat type chickens while the Yoruba ecotype chickens has potentials to be selected more as egg type chickens. Key Words: Indigenous, local, Mean, Standard deviation
High Court rejects “übercopyright” in Sony case

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

October 2005 was the first time a superior court anywhere in the world had the chance to rule on para-copyright. Dr Matthew Rimmer * reports that the High Court of Australia’s decision in Sony leaves the federal government in a quandary. A court, not fully aware of the compromises that have been struck nationally and internationally and of the large debates that have addressed so-called super or “übercopyright”, is well advised, in the end, to confine itself to offering its best solution to the contested task of statutory interpretation. Kirby J in Stevens v Kabushiki Kaisha Sony Computer Entertainment &amp; Ors (2005) AIPC ¶92-140. In October 2005, the High Court of Australia handed down a landmark decision on copyright law and technological protection measures in the matter of Kirby J in Stevens v Kabushiki Kaisha Sony Computer Entertainment &amp; Ors (2005) AIPC ¶92-140. The decision is of considerable importance because this is the first time that a superior court in the world has had an opportunity to rule upon so-called “para-copyright.” The matter concerned the amendments made to the Copyright Act 1968 (Cth) by the Copyright Amendment (Digital Agenda) Act 2000 (Cth) (the Digital Agenda Act). It also provided an opportunity for the High Court to contemplate the future impact of the Australia United States Free Trade Agreement 2004 in respect of technological protection measures.
Building Sustainable R&amp;D Centers in Emerging Technology Regions

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The paper presents results of the research conducted in a form of in-depth interviews and an online survey mirroring a series of target groups: scientists and entrepreneurs in Poland, two developing EU countries (the Czech Republic and Hungary), two developed EU countries (Norway, France), USA and Canada. The aim was to gather insights concerning a model of cooperation between science and business in the process of knowledge transfer in Poland. The work involved a comparative analysis with systems identified in: developed European countries; European countries similar to the Polish stage of development of knowledge transfer; the USA and Canada. The results shows that Polish respondents underestimate the relational factors like: active entrepreneurs in initiating cooperation, responsiveness, openness, trust, and good communication skills. Good relationships between scientists and businesses should be built based on two main characteristics: activity of entrepreneurs and scientists openness for business needs. Both academics and entrepreneurs rank the existence of mutual understanding of each others' needs and commitment as essential.
Biased Survey Results as Basis of Political Decision-Making – An Analysis using the Example of Farm Animal Welfare

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Survey results may be biased systematically due to a variety of effects. Concomitantly they are often of high relevance for political decision making. This is no problem, as long as effective bias-prevention-methods are applied during the conduction and interpretation of surveys. Regarding social desirability this is usually not the case. Political decisions, based on biased survey results, lead to misallocation. Taking the example of farm animal welfare and using different social desirability scales, the present paper shows, that the citizen-consumer-gap stems from socially desirable response behavior in previous consumer surveys. Therefore, their results should not be taken implicitly as a basis for political or business investment decisions. In addition, further causes of the citizen-consumer-gap concerning farm animal welfare are analyzed.
Research progress of stoichiogenomics.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Stoichiogenomics is a newly arisen research field, which concerns the element usage biases of biological macromolecules at genome, transcriptome, proteome, metabonome levels. Different biological macromolecules have different element compositions and contents. When the supply of some elements was constrained, natural selection might bias the usage of the monomers (amino acid or nucleotide) to reduce constrained element costs in the synthesis of biological macromolecules. This field is flourishing with the intensive applications of high throughput sequencing and assembly technologies, more and more available metagenomic and metatranscriptomic data, and the applications of new analysis strategies. As a newly emerged cross discipline field, stoichiogenomics integrates stoichiometry, ecology, evolutionary biology, genomics and bioinformatics to provide a whole new perspective for investigating the interactions of the macromolecular evolution and ecosystem, and data mining in the post genomic era. In this review, we summarize the latest research progress of stoichiogenomics from the aspect of the element usage biases in proteins and nucleic acids. Furthermore, new research directions are discussed to provide some valuable references for the research and application of stoichiogenomics.
Table_1_The Social and Emotional Well-being of Indigenous Peoples Living With Diabetes: A Systematic Review Protocol.docx

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Introduction<p>Globally, Indigenous people have a greater incidence and earlier onset of diabetes than the general population and have higher documented rates of emotional distress and mental illness. This systematic review will provide a synthesis and critical appraisal of the evidence focused on the social and emotional well-being of Indigenous peoples living with diabetes, including prevalence, impact, moderators, and the efficacy of interventions.</p>Methods<p>We will search MEDLINE Complete, EMBASE, APA PsycINFO, and CINAHL Complete from inception until late April 2021. Search strategies will include keywords related to Indigenous peoples, diabetes, and social and emotional well-being. All abstracts will be rated independently by two researchers against specified inclusion criteria. Eligible studies will report social and emotional well-being data for Indigenous people with diabetes, and/or report on the efficacy of interventions designed to address social and emotional well-being in this population. For each eligible study, quality will be rated using standard checklists to appraise each study’s internal validity, to be determined based on study type. Any discrepancies will be resolved through discussions and consultation with other investigators as needed. We expect to present a narrative synthesis of the evidence.</p>Discussion<p>The findings of the systematic review will enable greater understanding of the impact of relationships between diabetes and emotional well-being among Indigenous peoples to inform research, policy and practice. The findings will be accessible to Indigenous people affected by diabetes through a summary published in plain language on our research centre’s website.</p>Systematic Review Registration<p>PROSPERO registration number: CRD42021246560.</p>
Optimization of Inlet Temperature of Methanol Synthesis Reactor of LURGI Type

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents an optimization study of inlet temperature of methanol synthesis reactor of LURGI type by using commercial simulator Aspen Plus and Aspen Energy Analyzer. The optimization routine is coupled to a steady-state model of the methanol synthesis reactor. By investigating the influences on methanol production and heat exchanger network synthesis, the inlet temperature of the reactor is optimized. when the inlet temperature is 230°C, the economic benefits of the methanol plant is maximized which could be increased by $ 44883.28/ year.
RE: INTRAOPERATIVE FROZEN SECTION MONITORING OF NERVE SPARING RADICAL RETROPUBIC PROSTATECTOMY

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

No AccessJournal of UrologyCLINICAL UROLOGY: Letters to the Editor1 Apr 2000RE: INTRAOPERATIVE FROZEN SECTION MONITORING OF NERVE SPARING RADICAL RETROPUBIC PROSTATECTOMYis corrected byERRATUM Neal S. Goldstein Neal S. GoldsteinNeal S. Goldstein More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(05)67754-3AboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "RE: INTRAOPERATIVE FROZEN SECTION MONITORING OF NERVE SPARING RADICAL RETROPUBIC PROSTATECTOMY." The Journal of Urology, 163(4), p. 1260 Department of Pathology, William Beaumont Hospital, 3601 West Thirteen Mile Rd., Royal Oak, Michigan 48073-6769© 2000 by American Urological Association, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsRelated articlesJournal of Urology9 Nov 2018ERRATUM Volume 163Issue 4April 2000Page: 1260 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2000 by American Urological Association, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Neal S. Goldstein More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Abstract We007: High Throughput 3D-Printed Human Engineered Heart Tissues for Cardiac Disease Modeling

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

While cell models have been used to study cardiac diseases, there is currently no standardization or fully mature in vitro system. Obtaining a mature cardiomyocyte (CM) phenotype is necessary to create a physiologically relevant environment and accurately model and study cardiac diseases. Increased success in maturation of human induced pluripotent stem cell derived CMs (hiPS-CMs) has been achieved in 3D in vitro models in the form of engineered heart tissues (EHTs). Digital light processing (DLP) offers a high throughput and efficient method to fabricate hydrogels that recapitulate properties of native tissues. In this study, we use DLP-printed EHTs to seed and mature differentiated hiPS-CMs and test their potential for modeling pathological cardiac hypertrophy. To further encourage maturity of CMs, we utilized a low glucose maturation medium supplemented with fatty acids. DLP-printed EHTs displayed high reproducibility and increased CM maturity. To determine degree of maturity of our system, we performed RT-qPCR, western blot analysis, and immunofluorescence (IF) microscopy. We found increased expression of fatty-acid transport and beta oxidation genes and improved sarcomere alignment compared to 2D hiPS-CMs. To model pathological cardiac hypertrophy, we used two different approaches: 1. acute adrenergic agonism with isoproterenol and phenylephrine; 2. chronic culturing of EHTs in pathologically stiff conditions. To assess pathology, we conducted RT-qPCR, western blot, ELISA, IF microscopy, and functional analyses. We found that agonist-treated EHTs displayed increased pathology-associated gene expression compared to standard 2D hiPS-CMs. Both agonist-treated and stiff EHTs had increased secreted B-Type Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) and phosphorylation of proteins involved in pathological remodeling, including ERK and P38. Additionally, we observed increased nuclear area, increased calcium handling, and increased contractile force in the treatment groups. In conclusion, we have established a high throughput, reproducible, mature EHT platform that can be used to model pathological cardiac hypertrophy. This platform can be easily adopted by other laboratories to study a wide array of cardiac diseases.
Contraception--a woman's dilemma.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The case history of a 36-year-old West German woman--Elsa--who had an abortion is recounted along with information obtained from other members of staff involved with her care--a medical social worker, a family planning nurse, and a doctor. Conversation with Elsa revealed that she had ambivalent feelings about birth control. When Elsa learned she was pregnant, she seriously considered her subsequent decision to have an abortion. Actually, she would have preferred to have the baby if she could have depended on her boyfriend's encouragement and his commitment to being a father. At the clinic, Elsa was found to be in good physical condition. She informed the doctor that she had already had 2 terminations of pregnancy, 15 and 11 years ago. Following the birth of her son she had taken an oral contraceptive (OC) for 4 years, but had stopped taking it in 1976 because she thought she was too old for the pill and had been taking it too long. She had then used an IUD, but this had supposedly been removed 10 weeks before the abortion, after she had suffered from recurrent menorrhagia and heavy vaginal discharge. Elsa was then fitted with a diaphragm which she had been using when she became pregnant. After the abortion, Elsa continued to be undecided about what form of contraception to use in the future. She did not want to become pregnant again before she was in a position to have the baby. Elsa had good reason for concern about using OC, i.e. OCs containing estrogen and progestogen, at the age of 36. Along with discussion about the use of OC, Elsa sought more information about the diaphragm. Elsa finally decided to use OCs, but it is doubtful if she will ever be content with either this method or the diaphragm. Family planning nurses have an important role to play in educating people about contraceptives and their use, but they should never tell people that they should or should not be controlling their fertility.
Trends of Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Performance in a Cohort of Hospitals in China Between 2013 and 2018

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: China has witnessed a rapid increase in the volume of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) but substantial gaps in the performance for CABG across the nation. The present study aimed to investigate the change in CABG performance after years of quality improvement measures in a national registry in China. Methods: The study included 66 971 patients who underwent isolated CABG in a cohort of 74 tertiary hospitals in China between January 2013 and December 2018. Data were collected from the Chinese Cardiac Surgery Registry. Outcomes were in-hospital mortality and postoperative length of stay. Five process measures for surgical technique and secondary prevention were also analyzed. We described the changes in the overall performance and interhospital heterogeneity across the years. Results: The in-hospital mortality declined from 0.9% in 2013 to 0.6 in 2018, with a risk-adjusted odds ratio of 0.66 (95% CI, 0.46–0.93; P <0.001). The standard mean difference for risk-standardized mortality rate between hospitals in the lowest and highest quartile narrowed from 1.63 in 2013 to 1.35 in 2018. The median (interquartile range) hospital-level rate of using arterial graft increased from 93.9% (86.0%–97.8%) to 94.6% (83.3%–99.2%), but the difference was not statistically significant. Meanwhile, the rate of free from blood transfusion increased from 17.0% (2.6%–32.0%) to 34.1% (8.8%–52.9%). The hospital-level rate of prescribing β-blockers at discharge significantly increased from 82.8% (66.7%–90.3%) to 91.1% (82.1%–97.1%), statin from 75.8% (55.7%–88.9%) to 88.9% (75.0%–96.0%), and aspirin from 90.3% (83.9%–95.2%) to 95.3% (88.9%–98.1%). Conclusions: In the Chinese Cardiac Surgery Registry, there were notable improvements in the treatment process related to CABG and decline of in-hospital mortality with reduced interhospital heterogeneity.
CCCTC-binding factor regulates the development and function of dendritic cells

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen presenting cells, which present antigen to cognate T cells. DC activation through diverse toll-like receptors is prerequisite for triggering efficient immune responses to foreign antigens. CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) is a DNA binding protein that regulates 3D genome structure which is believed to be important to control of gene expression. Here we described that CTCF is required for development and function in DCs. CTCF is critically required for the FLT3L-dependent CD11c+ DCs (FL-DCs) development, unlike for those in the GM-CSF-dependent CD11c+ DC (GM-DCs) development. However, the resultant CTCF-deficient DC number was decreased by 50% in both FLT3L- and GM-CSF-supplemented culture conditions. Although CTCF was required for bone marrow (BM) progenitor proliferation in both FLT3L-and GM-CSF-supplemented cultures, CTCF-deficient GM-DCs showed normal cellular apoptosis rate and higher CD11c+ DC differentiation. Upon TLR4 ligation, CTCF-deficient DCs showed higher expression levels of surface MHCII and co-stimulatory molecules compared to those WT DCs. Thus, our data indicate that CTCF plays a critical role in the overall differentiation, survival, and maturation of DCs.
A new perceptual grouping strategy for automatic extraction of road networks from remotely sensed images

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Automatic extracting and updating road networks is a key work for updating geo-spatial information especially in developing countries. Aiming at the deficiency of the perceptual grouping based on geometric relation and based on the similar relation, a new perceptual grouping method that is so-called the perceptual grouping based on teh whole relationship is presented. In this method, all kinds of information including geometric properties, image attributes and other information are group based on the similarity rules. Based on this new grouping framework, the principles and the procedures of automatic road segments grouping are described in detail from two aspects: one is automatic perceptual grouping for similar road segments and another is automatic extended road segments for no-similar road segments. At last some discussion for new perceptual grouping strategy is given.
Making Few-shot Object Detection Simpler and Less Frustrating

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Few-shot object detection is useful in order to extend object detection capabilities in media production and archiving applications with specific object classes of interest for a particular organization or production context. While recent approaches for few-shot object detection have advanced the state of the art, they still do not fully meet the requirements of practical workflows, e.g., in media production and archiving. In these applications, annotated samples for novel classes are drawn from different data sources, they differ in numbers and it may be necessary to add a new class quickly to cover the requirements of a specific production. In contrast, current frameworks for few-shot object detection typically assume a static dataset, which is split into the base and novel classes. We propose a toolchain to facilitate training for few-shot object detection, which takes care of data preparation when using heterogeneous training data and setup of training steps. The toolchain also creates annotation files to use combined data sets as new base models, which facilitates class-incremental training. We also integrated the toolchain with an annotation UI.
The Colombian Press and the Cold War, 1945–1968

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Cet article, par l'analyse d'un large éventail de journaux nationaux et locaux colombiens entre la Deuxième guerre mondiale et la fin des années 60, cherche à définir les positions de la presse sur des questions relatives à la Guerre froide. Les auteurs soutiennent qu étant donné la nature de la presse colombienne, notamment ses liens étroits avec des partis politiques, celle-ci fournit un important observatoire pour examiner la politique étrangère et les attitudes politiques des élites colombiennes, surtout celles qui ont trait aux États-Unis, au communisme et à la réforme politique.
Technology's impact on student engagement in urban schools

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this qualitative study is to investigate how the use of technology may increase student engagement and learning in urban schools, as perceived by administrators, teachers, and students. Engagement Theory informed the design of the study and interpretation of findings and the literature review provides a context for pursuing this investigation. A qualitative study approach was used to discern stakeholders perceptions of the use of technology to increase student engagement and learning across three urban high schools in the Metro Boston Area. The degree to which the use of technology has contributed to student engagement in learning and student learning across the three constituent subgroups was the subject of this investigation. An analysis of administrator commentary, teacher interviews, and students self-reporting of engagement and learning identified the major challenges associated with technology integration and determined that the effective use of technology is important for student performance. The analysis further determined that the use of technology can improve teacher effectiveness and enhance student engagement, if used well and effectively. The findings from this study will be presented to inform educators on the potential of technology to engage students and enhance their learning.
Survey of selected topics relevant to bioprocess engineering. Technical note (Final)

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The following is a collection of reports on topics considered important and generic in biotechnology and bioprocess engineering: (1) Isoelectric points of proteins; (2) Solubility and mass transfer of oxygen in bioreactors; (3) Solubility and mass transfer of carbon dioxide in bioreactors. The reports arose from a survey of the past and current biotechnology literature with special effort given to a critique of data measurement quality. The format is as follows. The technological importance of a topic is briefly discussed, followed by a critical review of relevant physical properties, data presentation, and measurement techniques. A conclusions and recommendations section summarizes the findings and contains specific recommendations for future research projects. The last section consists of an annotated bibliography and references pertaining to the survey.