jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Residential trajectories in the Lisbon Metropolitan Area: Social profiles, mobility and tenure status

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract The article is the result of the research project ‘Residential Trajectories and Metropolization: Continuities and Changes in the Lisbon Metropolitan Area’ and analyses the residential trajectories of families in Lisbon. Following some international studies, our overriding objective is to examine the relationship between housing dynamics and family and professional contexts related to moving house. We observe three generations (born between 1945–1954, 1955–1964 and 1965–1975) in central Lisbon and the northern and southern metropolitan areas. More specifically, this article aims to explore three fundamental dimensions: (1) the intensity of the residential mobility of households in Lisbon and the profiles associated with more and less mobility; (2) the typology of trajectories in relation to tenure status as well as an analysis of the profiles associated with each type of trajectory; and 3) the different reasons for moving house during the residential trajectory. The research outcomes on housing trajectories seem to indicate limited residential mobility due to the historical dynamics of the housing market in Portugal and the social and cultural options of families that tend to prefer home ownership. Moreover, the research indicates that family and social class are pertinent variables when analysing housing movements in the Lisbon Metropolitan Area.
Multicriteria scenario analysis on electricity production

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Energy planning is a complex process involving multiple and conflicting objectives with many agents able to influence decisions. This complexity is frequently addressed with the use of multicriteria tools, relying on a set of criteria and different methods to aggregate all the information in a final ranking of the available alternatives. This paper describes the application of a multicriteria decision tool for the analysis of Portuguese electricity scenarios. A set of criteria is proposed aiming to include social, economic, environmental and technical aspects. Criteria weighting was directly addressed considering 5 approaches: equitable weights, financial, technological, social and environmental perspectives. Results indicate that close to 100% RES scenario is the best option under a social perspective, base scenario represents the best option on a technical approach and scenarios relying on natural gas and wind power units are the best options for the electricity system under equitable weights, economic and environmental approaches.
Proportion of Collaborative Publications as an Ultimate Indicator of Leiden 2013 World Best Universities Rankings

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

An increasing number of methodologies for ranking higher education institutions (HEI) has attracted many different stakeholders, especially students. Consequently, those rankings are quite often used as an indicator of a university’s reputation and performance (Bowman and Bastedo 2011, Garcia et al. 2012). Almost certainly, the most cited ranking list is the Academic Ranking of World Universities (ARWU) which has been the focus of researchers since its first creation in 2003 (Aguillo et al. 2010, Docampo et al. 2012).
Vanishing testes syndrome-related osteoporosis and high cardio-metabolic risk in an adult male with long term untreated hypergonadotropic hypogonadism

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The male hypogonadism-related bone mass loss is often under diagnosed. Peak bone mass is severely affected if the hypogonadism occurs during puberty and is left untreated. We present an interesting; almost bizarre case of a male with non-functional testes early during childhood and undiagnosed and untreated hypogonadism until his fifth decade of life. Forty six year male is referred for goitre, complaining of back pain. Phenotype suggested intersexuality: gynoid proportions, micropenis, no palpable testes into the scrotum, no facial or truncal hair. His medical history had been unremarkable until the previous year when primary hypothyroidism was diagnosed and levothyroxine replacement was initiated. Later, he was diagnosed with ischemic heart disease, with inaugural unstable angina. On admission, the testosterone was 0.2 ng/mL (normal: 1.7-7.8 ng/mL), FSH markedly increased (56 mUI/mL), with normal adrenal axis, and TSH (under thyroxine replacement). High bone turnover markers, and blood cholesterol, and impaired glucose tolerance were diagnosed. The testes were not present in the scrotum. Abdominal computed tomography suggested bilateral masses of 1.6 cm diameter within the abdominal fat that were removed but no gonadal tissue was confirmed histopathologically. Vanishing testes syndrome was confirmed. The central DXA showed lumbar bone mineral density of 0.905 g/cm2, Z-score of -2.9SD. The spine profile X-Ray revealed multiple thoracic vertebral fractures. Alendronate therapy together with vitamin D and calcium supplements and trans-dermal testosterone were started. Four decades of hypogonadism associate increased cardiac risk, as well as decreased bone mass and high fracture risk.
Filling in the “Blank Spots” in Ukrainian History: An Interview with Stanislav Kul’chyts’kyi

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Stanislav Kul'chyts'kyi, Candidate of Economic Sciences and Doctor of Historical Sciences, is head of the Department of the History of Socialist Construction of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences' Institute of History. Kul'chyts'kyi is a specialist on the Soviet economy in the 1920s and 1930s, and during the past several years he has focused his research on collectivization and the famine in Ukraine in 1932–33. Among his many works is a recent monograph entitled 1933: Tragediya holodu (1989). Kul'chyts'kyi participated in the conference "Ukraine under Stalin, 1928–39," which was held in Toronto on March 2–4, 1990, under the sponsorship of the Chair of Ukrainian Studies and the Centre for Russian and East European Studies of the University of Toronto. The following interview was conducted in Toronto on March 4, 1990.
Smartphone-based Handwritten Signature Verification using Acoustic Signals

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Handwritten signature verification techniques, which can facilitate user authentication and enable secure information exchange, are still important in property safety. However, on-line automatic handwritten signature verification usually requires dynamic handwritten patterns captured by a special device, such as a sensor-instrumented pen, a tablet or a smartwatch on the dominant hand. This paper presents SonarSign, an on-line handwritten signature verification system based on inaudible acoustic signals. The key insight is to use acoustic signals to capture the dynamic handwritten signature patterns for verification. Particularly, SonarSign exploits the built-in speakers and microphones of smartphones to transmit a specially designed training sequence and record the corresponding echo for channel impulse response (CIR) estimation, respectively. Based on the sensitivity of CIR to the tiny surrounding environment changes including handwritten signature actions, SonarSign designs an attentional multi-modal Siamese network for end-to-end signatures verification. First, multi-modal CIR streams are fused to extract representative signature pattern features from spatio-temporal dimensions. Then an attentional Siamese network is elaborated to verify whether the given two signatures are from the same signatory. Extensive experiments in real-world scenarios show that SonarSign can achieve accurate and robust signatures verification with an AUC (Area Under ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic) Curve) of 98.02% and an EER (Equal Error Rate) of 5.79% for unseen users.
Mutations in a Dominant Nef Epitope of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Diminish TCR:Epitope Peptide Affinity but not Epitope Peptide:MHC Class I Binding

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Viruses like HIV and SIV escape from containment by CD8+ T lymphocytes through generating mutations that interfere with epitope peptide:MHC class I binding. However, mutations in some viral epitopes are selected for that have no impact on this binding. We explored the mechanism underlying the evolution of such epitopes by studying CD8+ T lymphocyte recognition of a dominant Nef epitope of SIVmac251 in infected Mamu-A*02+ rhesus monkeys. Clonal analysis of the p199RY-specific CD8+ T lymphocyte repertoire in these monkeys indicated that identical T cell clones were capable of recognizing wild-type (WT) and mutant epitope sequences. However, we found that the functional avidity of these CD8+ T lymphocytes for the mutant peptide:Mamu-A*02 complex was diminished. Using surface plasmon resonance to measure the binding affinity of the p199RY-specific TCR repertoire for WT and mutant p199RY peptide:Mamu-A*02 monomeric complexes, we found that the mutant p199RY peptide:Mamu-A*02 complexes had a lower affinity for TCRs purified from CD8+ T lymphocytes than did the WT p199RY peptide:Mamu-A*02 complexes. These studies demonstrated that differences in TCR affinity for peptide:MHC class I ligands can alter functional p199RY-specific CD8+ T lymphocyte responses to mutated epitopes, decreasing the capacity of these cells to contain SIVmac251 replication.
Preferred Formation of Coplanar Inclined Fluorescent J-Dimers in Rhodamine 101 Doped Silica Gels

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Rhodamine 101 (R101) doped silica gels were prepared through the sol−gel process with dye concentrations ranging from 4.0 × 10-6 to 6.4 × 10-4 M. Excitation and emission fluorescence spectra and lifetime measurements were recorded for R101 doped silica gels in the whole range of concentrations. The photophysical behavior of the gel-glasses doped with high concentrations of R101 resembles that of fluorescent J-dimers in a coplanar inclined configuration. The formation of fluorescent J-dimers in a coplanar inclined rather than in an oblique configuration is discussed in terms of the molecular structure of R101.
Lithium carbonate and L-tryptophan in the treatment of bipolar and schizoaffective disorders

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The authors review theoretical and clinical data supporting the hypothesis that L-tryptophan may potentiate the effects of lithium carbonate and report on a double-blind clinical comparison of lithium plus L-tryptophan and lithium plus placebo in 9 bipolar and 7 schizoaffective patients. Overall the combination of lithium and L-tryptophan resulted in significantly greater improvement. However, the results may have been confounded by the greater, although nonsignificant, doses of neuroleptics administered to the group receiving L-tryptophan. The authors discuss the interactions of lithium and L-trypotophan with the serotonin system.
Conformations of Model Peptides With 1-Aminocycloalkane-1-Carboxylic Acid Residues

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract: We present conformational energy calculations on model compounds contammg 1-amino­ cycloalkane carboxylic acid with 5- (Acc 5 )and 6- (Acc 6 ) membered rings using molecular mechanics methods. The low energy models adopt conformations characteristic of ex-helix and polyproline-II-type three- and four-fold helices. The energetically most favored models adopt the α /3 10 -helical conformation of either handedness in these compounds. The salient features of our investigations are qualitatively consistent with the crystal structures of peptide analogs containing Acc5 and Acc6 and previously reported solution phase and conformational studies on peptides containing Acc5 .Our results have implications for the design of α /3 10 -helical peptidomimetics.
Cooling of HDB flats using solar heat

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Solar energy is a clean form of energy which is required by almost all living organisms. It is available everywhere, and it also keeps the earth warm. This report introduces the different concepts of tapping into this free solar energy, and the various ways to harness such energy and convert it into cooling energy. It identifies three different methods of harnessing such energy, namely the solar absorption cooling system, solar adsorption cooling system and the photovoltaic vapour compression system. Studies will be carried out to investigate the difference in operating these cooling systems, and the significance in the effects of incorporating them to cool a typical HDB flat in Singapore. The performance of the different cooling systems will be used in our discussion in the selecting the most suitable method of using solar radiation to cool a HDB flat.
The Discrepancy and Agreement between Patient-Reported Percentage Pain Reduction and Calculated Percentage Pain Reduction in Chronic Pain Patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Two derivatives of the numeric rating scale (NRS) and visual analog scale (VAS), namely patient-reported percentage pain reduction (PRPPR) and calculated percentage pain reduction (CPPR), are commonly used when evaluating pain reduction. A small number of studies have attempted to assess the agreement between PRPPR and CPPR. However, they have been limited in their scope by a focus on specific types of pain, or by their focus on specific treatment modalities. As far as the authors of this article are aware, this is the first study to assess the agreement between PRPPR and CPPR in chronic pain patients, as well as the first to assess how the duration of treatment affects the correlations between PRPPR and CPPR. The aim of this retrospective analysis was to determine whether the duration of treatment affects CPPR and PRPPR, and the discrepancy and agreement between the two. Additionally, the study assessed whether individual treatment modalities, or the lack there of, impacted the discrepancy and correlation between PRPPR and CPPR. The mean PRPPR and CPPR for the entire patient population were 59.98 and 40.71, respectively. The mean discrepancy between the two parameters was 19.27. The agreement between PRPPR and CPPR, as measured by the concordance correlation coefficient, was 0.984 (95% C.I., 0.982–0.986).
The Influence of Citrus spp. on the Community of Soil Nematodes in the Dry and Rainy Seasons in Distrito Federal of Brazil

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

We evaluated the influence of the root system of (Citrus spp. on the nematode community in seven equidistant soil cores in a diagonal projection from one plant trunk basis to the center of the nearest plant in the next row. Soil samples were collected at depths of 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm, once during the dry and once during the rainy seasons. The nematode community was represented by 55 genera belonging to 30 families. No significant differences were detected in diversity indices among the sampling points. However, these indices were higher in the dry season and at 0-10 cm deep. Higher values of the disturbance indices were recorded during the wet season. The plant parasites were less abundant in core 1 (0.7 m from trunk), where the bacterial feeders and predators scored higher in this sampling core. The highest number of omnivores was in core 5 (3.5 m from trunk). The numbers of bacterial feeders, fungal feeders, predators and plant parasites were higher during the dry period. Omnivores and predators dominated during the rain period. All trophic groups, except the plant parasites were in greater numbers at 0-10 cm depth. The plant parasite index (PPI) was higher at 10-20 cm depth. Based on Ferris' indices of structure and enrichment, the cores 1, 2, 5 and 6 (0; 7; 1.4; 3.5 and 4.2 m from trunk) were compatible with quadrant B, and cores 3 (2.1 m from trunk), 4 (2.8 m from trunk) and 7 (4.9 m from trunk) with quadrant C. Although the soil cores were distributed in quadrants C and D, all points clustered in the border between the two quadrants, giving support to the uniformity of the environment studied.
The Influence of Natural Language Processing on EFL Speaking Skills: Investigating Learner Adaptability, Language Accuracy, and Fluency

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Natural Language Processing (NLP) has emerged as a transformative tool for EFL speaking instruction. However, prior research lacks robust empirical investigations into how distinct NLP tools independently enhance adaptability, accuracy, and fluency—particularly through controlled, large-scale interventions. Most studies focus on short-term applications or conflate tool effects, leaving gaps in understanding mechanisms and sustained outcomes . This study examines how three separate NLP tools—AI chatbots, machine translation, and automatic summarization—independently influence EFL speaking skills, focusing on adaptability, accuracy, and fluency. A pretest-posttest randomized controlled trial (N = 436) assigned EFL learners to four groups: (1) Chatbot Treatment (20 role-play sessions via ChatGPT), (2) Machine Translation Treatment (bidirectional L1-L2 tasks using Google Translate/DeepL), (3) Automatic Summarization Treatment (SMMRY/QuillBot exercises), or (4) Control Group (traditional instruction) over 12 weeks. Chatbot Treatment produced the highest gains: adaptability (M = 85.50, Δ + 40.25), accuracy (M = 84.24, Δ + 43.93), and fluency (M = 85.04, Δ + 42.54; all p < .001). Pedagogically, educators should: (1) Integrate chatbots (e.g., ChatGPT, Replika) for structured conversational practice; (2) Use machine translation tools (e.g., DeepL) for vocabulary drills, not spontaneous speech; (3) Pair summarization tools (e.g., QuillBot) with explicit instruction on synthesizing ideas. Theoretically, findings demonstrate that chatbots uniquely optimize sociocultural learning mechanisms, enabling sustained fluency gains.
Role of Cathepsin G in the Degradation of Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Triggered by 4-Hydroxy-2-Nonenal in U937 Cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Degradation of oxidized or oxidatively modified proteins is an essential part of the cellular antioxidant defense system. 4-Hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE), a major reactive aldehyde formed by lipid peroxidation, causes many types of cellular damage. HNE-modified proteins are degraded by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway or the lysosomal pathway. However, our previous studies using U937 cells showed that HNE-modified glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) is degraded by cathepsin G. In the present study, we examined whether GAPDH in U937 cells treated with HNE in culture is degraded similarly to that incubated with HNE and U937 cell extract. Treatment with HNE for 10 min in culture decreased GAPDH activity in a concentration dependent manner, but did not affect GAPDH degradation. The proteasome activities were not affected by HNE, but culturing with HNE decreased cathepsin G activity and protein level in a concentration dependent manner. These results suggest that HNE-induced oxidative stress leads to decreased cathepsin G activity and results in the loss of GAPDH degradation. Taken together, our findings indicate that cathepsin G has an important role in the degradation of oxidatively modified GAPDH in U937 cells.
STABILITY AND BIFURCATION ANALYSIS OF A DISCRETE PREY–PREDATOR MODEL WITH SQUARE-ROOT FUNCTIONAL RESPONSE AND OPTIMAL HARVESTING

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we have considered a discrete prey–predator model with square-root functional response and optimal harvesting policy. This type of functional response is used to study the dynamics of the prey–predator model where the prey population exhibits herd behavior, i.e., the interaction between prey and predator occurs along the boundary of the population. The considered population model has three fixed points; one is trivial, the second one is axial and the last one is an interior fixed point. The first two fixed points are always feasible but the last one depends on the parameter value. The interior fixed point experiences the flip and Neimark–Sacker bifurcations depending on the predator harvesting coefficient. Finally, an optimal harvesting policy has been introduced and the optimal value of the harvesting coefficient is determined.
Specification of synchronization by means of constraints

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

A synchronization model based on the expression of global constraints and on a method of managing them is presented. After this approach is justified, a model for constraints management which allows compounded operations to be taken into account is described. The power of this model is illustrated on parallel control structures such as plain or complex rendezvous; priority and fairness are analyzed and the corresponding constraints are stated. The expression of dynamic constraints is also demonstrated. Extensions of this model for coping with concurrency are described.< >
Energy-saving thermoelectric generator for powering the cooling apparatus of heatgenerating electronic components

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Objective. The article discusses energy-saving thermoelectric generators for autonomous power supply of the cooling apparatus of heat-generating electronic components. Method . Methods of modeling heat exchange processes in the operation of thermoelectric generators based on the Seebeck effect are applied. The heated and cooled zones of the generator are topologically spaced to reduce parasitic conductive transport. The semiconductor branches are manufactured using thin-film technology to reduce parasitic Joule heat emissions. The materials of the junctions and electrodes are selected taking into account the energy of the electrons . Result. Energy saving of processes has increased in thermoelectric generators by reducing parasitic Joule heat generation, reducing parasitic conductive transfer and additional energy generation from metal electrodes. Conclusion . The conducted studies allow us to conclude that in order to increase the energy saving of thermoelectric generators for autonomous power supply of the cooling apparatus of the heat-generating electronic components, it is necessary to topologically separate the heated and cooled zones of the generator into different levels in space, and to manufacture semiconductor branches using thin-film technology and additionally cool the generator junctions with ventilation, and additionally recover energy from the heat-generating components on the heated junctions.
Should we still use azithromycin for gonorrhoea treatment?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This review presents the evidence for azithromycin in the treatment of gonorrhoea, both as monotherapy and as a component of dual therapy. Uncertainties are explored regarding the efficacy of a dual treatment strategy, combining ceftriaxone and azithromycin, in the context of resistance trends and extra-genital infections. The association between microbiological testing and clinical outcome for the individual patient, and the effect of azithromycin use on other sexually transmissible infections, are considered. Finally, in the absence of imminent new antimicrobials, optimising the dose of azithromycin while maintaining tolerability is discussed.
Morphology and the differentiation of leishmanias

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Journal Article Morphology and the differentiation of leishmanias Get access L.F. Schnur, L.F. Schnur Department of Parasitology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool L3 5QA U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar C.L. Greenblatt, C.L. Greenblatt Department of Protozoology, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar A. Zuckerman A. Zuckerman Department of Protozoology, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, Volume 70, Issue 4, 1976, Pages 357–358, https://doi.org/10.1016/0035-9203(76)90107-3 Published: 01 January 1976