jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Full QCD in external chromomagnetic field

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We investigate the deconfining phase transition in full QCD with two flavors of staggered fermions in presence of a constant abelian chromomagnetic field. We find that the deconfinement temperature decreases and eventually goes to zero by increasing the strength of the chromomagnetic field. Moreover our results suggest that the chiral transition coincides with the deconfinement transition and therefore even the chiral critical temperature depends on the applied chromomagnetic field. We also find that the chiral condensate increases with the strength of the chromomagnetic field.
Endometriyum ve servis kanserlerinin tanısında telomeraz aktivitesinin incelenmesi.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Human telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein complex that adds hexameric TTAGGG repeats to the ends of chromosomes in order to prevent their shortening. Telomerase activity has been evaluated for its diagnostic and prognostic value in cancer since it is observed in most malignancies but not in most normal somatic tissues. In this study telomerase activity was examined in tumor specimens obtained from cervix, endometrium and their non-cancerous regions by an improved telomeric repeat amplification protocol (TRAP) silver staining assay. Appearance of characteristic TRAP leader with 6 base pair increments indicate a positive result and was observed in all cancerous and some of the non-cancerous tissues. Telomerase activities of carcinoma tissues and normal counterparts were compared by densitometric analysis after PCR. Significantly higher telomerase activity was observed in cervical carcinoma samples compared to normal adjacent tissue. No significant difference was observed between endometrium carcinomas and normal endometrial tissue in terms of telomerase activity. High telomerase activity in normal endometrium restricts the use of assay for detection of carcinogenesis. However, in cervical tissues an accurate quantification of telomerase activity by TRAP silver stain assay may be valuable as a confirmatory assay.
[Methylation of liver cell chromatin proteins at different stages of post-natal development of albino rats].

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Methylation of acid proteins and various histone fractions of liver cell chromatin was studied. The intensity of methylation of acid proteins of animals, differing in age, was shown to be 8--16 times higher than that for histone methylation, despite the fact that the rates of 2-14C-methionine incorporation into these two groups of proteins were practically the same. The intensity of methylation of acid proteins and total histones significantly increased during the post-natal development of the animals. Histone methylation largely occurred at the expense of the arginine-rich H3 fraction and the H2 fraction with a moderate level of arginine and lysine. Lysine-rich histone fractions were not subjected to methylation. It is assumed that chromatin proteins methylation regulates conformational properties of the complex and matrix properties of the genome.
An unusual presentation of temporal arteritis.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Serious ocular and systemic complications may result from inflammatory processes of the orbit. Temporal arteritis is one such process that can affect the eye. The patient described herein is unusual because she presented initially with signs and symptoms similar to orbital cellulitis. As her disease evolved, she displayed marked, hemorrhagic chemosis with some limitation of abduction and resistance to retropulsion on the involved side. Laboratory and radiologic findings eliminated orbital cellulitis, limited Wegener's granulomatosis, and other systemic inflammatory disorders and led to the diagnosis of temporal arteritis. To our knowledge, this complex of presenting signs has not been previously reported.
Optimal speed tracking control of induction motor using artificial intelligence techniques

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents a novel neural network based control architecture which use on line training to identify and control the nonlinear induction motor. The aim of this control is to force the shaft speed to follow a prescribed trajectory. The architecture incorporates two artificial neural networks and a fuzzy logic controller. Accepting that not all elements of the state are measurable, the first ANN is used as observer to give an estimate of the state. A state space description is applied, and the trained nonlinear innovation state space model of the motor is used. Since the motor is nonlinear, and since the observer, as well as, the controller (second ANN) are trained based on optimal criteria, the method is named non linear quadratic Gaussian. A fuzzy logic controller is used to provide an inner loop inspired by conventional vector control strategy. Simulated results are presented to validate the proposed architecture showing that speed control is stable, rapid to stabilize, and insensitive to parameter uncertainty and load disturbance.
Do School-Based Asthma Education Programs Improve Self-Management and Health Outcomes?

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

CONTEXT: Asthma self-management education is critical for high-quality asthma care for children. A number of studies have assessed the effectiveness of providing asthma education in schools to augment education provided by primary care providers. OBJECTIVE: To conduct a systematic review of the literature on school-based asthma education programs. METHODS: As our data sources, we used 3 databases that index peer-reviewed literature: MEDLINE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature. Inclusion criteria included publication in English and enrollment of children aged 4 to 17 years with a clinical diagnosis of asthma or symptoms consistent with asthma. RESULTS: Twenty-five articles met the inclusion criteria. Synthesizing findings across studies was difficult because the characteristics of interventions and target populations varied widely, as did the outcomes assessed. In addition, some studies had major methodologic weaknesses. Most studies that compared asthma education to usual care found that school-based asthma education improved knowledge of asthma (7 of 10 studies), self-efficacy (6 of 8 studies), and self-management behaviors (7 of 8 studies). Fewer studies reported favorable effects on quality of life (4 of 8 studies), days of symptoms (5 of 11 studies), nights with symptoms (2 of 4 studies), and school absences (5 of 17 studies). CONCLUSIONS: Although findings regarding effects of school-based asthma education programs on quality of life, school absences, and days and nights with symptoms were not consistent, our analyses suggest that school-based asthma education improves knowledge of asthma, self-efficacy, and self-management behaviors.
Aero-Acoustic Environment of Rectangular Cavities with Length to Depth Ratios of Five and Seven

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The complete program included the flight testing of 5 cavity configurations; three empty cavities, one with an ogive store, and a closed cavity configuration to determine the existing boundary layer characteristics. All flight tests have been completed. The results for one of the empty cavities and the closed cavity were presented in Reference 1 with the results for the remaining three configurations being presented in this report. Each of the 5 configurations were tested at constant pressure altitudes of 3,000 ft, 20,000 ft, and 30,000 ft. The range of Mach numbers tested were 0.61 - 0.93 at 3,000 ft and 0.61 - 1.30 for 20,000 ft and 30,000 ft. Continuous data were recorded as the aircraft slowly accelerated from the lowest Mach number to the highest Mach number. For each flight condition, with the open cavity, fluctuating pressures were measured at nine locations in the cavity and static pressures were measured at three cavity locations. In addition vibration levels were measured with an accelerometer. For the closed cavity instrumentation was provided to define the boundary layer characteristics prior to opening the cavity which included a microphone, thermocouple, static pressure port and pressure rake. Data were recorded on an FM magnetic tape recorder and data reduction and analysis were performed in the laboratory. Details of the test procedures, instrumentation, data reduction and analysis are given in Appendix A.
Splenic repair by fibrin tissue adhesive and collagen fleece.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A new biogenic tissue adhesive has been used for repair of traumatic and incidental splenic lesions in 108 patients. The theoretical basis of fibrin adhesive application and technical details of this method, including the combination with a collagen fleece, are described. Complete hemostasis was achieved in 100 patients. In incidental splenic lesions the success rate of the method was 94%, and the overall salvage rate 87%. The corresponding figures for traumatic lesions were 87% and 60%, respectively. Postoperative complications developed in five patients, necessitating relaparotomy in four. In three of these patients complications were not related to the splenic repair. It can be concluded that the use of fibrin tissue adhesive is a safe and reliable method for repair in the majority of incidental and traumatic splenic injuries.
Research on An Intermediate of Deoxyadenosylcobalamin Biosynthesis of Propionibacterium freudenreichii

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

An important intermediate of deoxyadenosylcobalamin biosynthesis by anaerobic pathway of Propionibacterium freudenreichii was separated from the broth.It has been qualitatively analyzed by spectrum and ESI MS-GC analysis and further determined as a key intermediate of deoxyadenosylcobalamin: adenosylcobinamide which can be transformed to deoxyadenosylcobalamin when infused 5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole (DMB) to the fermentation medium.It is hope that the intermediate could be a key factor which guides the infusion of DMB and further optimize the fermentation process.
A variety of environmentally persistent chemicals, including some phthalate plasticizers, are weakly estrogenic.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Sewage, a complex mixture of organic and inorganic chemicals, is considered to be a major source of environmental pollution. A random screen of 20 organic man-made chemicals present in liquid effluents revealed that half appeared able to interact with the estradiol receptor. This was demonstrated by their ability to inhibit binding of 17 beta-estradiol to the fish estrogen receptor. Further studies, using mammalian estrogen screens in vitro, revealed that the two phthalate esters butylbenzyl phthalate (BBP) and di-n-butylphthalate (DBP) and a food antioxidant, butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) were estrogenic; however, they were all less estrogenic than the environmental estrogen octylphenol. Phthalate esters, used in the production of various plastics (including PVC), are among the most common industrial chemicals. Their ubiquity in the environment and tendency to bioconcentrate in animal fat are well known. Neither BBP nor DBP were able to act as antagonists, indicating that, in the presence of endogenous estrogens, their overall effect would be cumulative. Recently, it has been suggested that environmental estrogens may be etiological agents in several human diseases, including disorders of the male reproductive tract and breast and testicular cancers. The current finding that some phthalate compounds and some food additives are weakly estrogenic in vitro, needs to be supported by further studies on their effects in vivo before any conclusions can be made regarding their possible role in the development of these conditions.
Penetration of topically applied nanocarriers into the hair follicles of dog and rat dorsal skin and porcine ear skin

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Background In humans, topically applied nanocarriers penetrate effectively into the hair follicles where they can be exploited for the localized and targeted treatment of skin disorders. Objective The objective of the present study was to examine the applicability of particle‐based systems for follicular drug delivery in companion animals and livestock, which have a large follicular reservoir. Animals Skin samples from 10 beagle dogs, 14 Wistar rats and four ears from freshly slaughtered cross‐bred pigs were used. Methods Fluoresceinamine labelled poly (L‐lactide‐co‐glycolide) nanocarriers (256 or 430 nm) were applied on the different skin samples. After penetration, skin biopsies were removed and cryohistological cross sections prepared and investigated with regard to the follicular penetration depths (in μm ± standard deviation) of the nanocarriers using confocal laser scanning microscopy. Results In canine, rat and porcine hair follicles, the smaller nanoparticles were detected at mean follicular penetration depths of 630.16 ± 135.75 μm, 253.55 ± 47.36 μm and 653.40 ± 94.71 μm, respectively. The larger particles were observed at average follicular depths of 604.79 ± 132.42 μm; 262.87 ± 55.25 μm and 786.81 ± 121.73 μm, respectively, in canine, rat and porcine hair follicles. Statistically significant differences ( P < 0.05) in the mean follicular penetration depths of the differently sized nanocarriers could be determined for the canine and porcine skin samples. Conclusion The mean follicular penetration depths of the differently sized nanocarriers were mostly significantly different between the different species, which might be due to different species‐specific follicular dimensions. This issue needs to be addressed specifically in further studies.
Macroeconomic theory and monetary policy: the contributions of Franco Modigliani and the ongoing debate

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The paper reviews some of the most important results of the LCH for understanding individual and aggregate saving behaviour. It then turns to the implications for fiscal policy and social security, highlighting Modigliani's seminal contributions. Over time competing theories have emerged, and some empirical findings are difficult to reconcile with LCH; chiefly aspects of inertia, myopia, and irrational behaviour documented by the recent behavioural literature. But the LCH is still the benchmark model to think about individual saving decisions, the aggregate evidence and policy issues. JEL Codes: B22, B31, E52
Demography and the composition of taxes: a political economy theory

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This article analyzes the impact of population aging on the composition of taxes in an overlapping generations model. Taxes are levied on both income and expenditure, with the median voter being pivotal in the political-economy theoretical framework in question. As in Razin, Sadka, and Swagel (2002. “The Aging Population and the Size of the Welfare State.” Journal of Political Economy 110 (4): 900–918. doi:10.1086/340780), an increased fraction of retirees in the population leads to lower income taxes. Conversely, the results for expenditure taxes are ambiguous. The main proposition is that the composition of taxes–defined as the extent to which taxes are levied on income relative to expenditure–falls unambiguously with the share of retirees increasing as the tax burden is rebalanced toward the retired population.
WE‐F‐304‐04: Radiosurgery for Vestibular Schwannomas: Tumor Control Probability Analyses and Recommended Reporting Standards

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy (SBRT) was introduced clinically more than twenty years ago, and many subsequent publications have reported safety and efficacy data. The AAPM Working Group on Biological Effects of Hypofractionated Radiotherapy/SBRT (WGSBRT) extracted published treatment outcomes data from extensive literature searches to summarize and construct tumor control probability (TCP) and normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) models for six anatomical regions: Cranial, Head and Neck, Thoracic, Abdominal, Pelvic, and Spinal. In this session, we present the WGSBRT's work for cranial sites, and recurrent head and neck cancer. From literature‐based data and associated models, guidelines to aid with safe and effective hypofractionated radiotherapy treatment are being determined. Further, the ability of existing and proposed radiobiological models to fit these data is considered as to the ability to distinguish between the linear‐quadratic and alternative radiobiological models such as secondary cell death from vascular damage, immunogenic, or bystander effects. Where appropriate, specific model parameters are estimated. As described in “The lessons of QUANTEC,” (1), lack of adequate reporting standards continues to limit the amount of useful quantitative information that can be extracted from peer‐reviewed publications. Recommendations regarding reporting standards are considered, to enable such reviews to achieve more complete characterization of clinical outcomes. 1 Jackson A, Marks LB, Bentzen SM, Eisbruch A, Yorke ED, Ten Haken RK, Constine LS, Deasy JO. The lessons of QUANTEC: recommendations for reporting and gathering data on dose‐volume dependencies of treatment outcome. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2010 Mar 1;76(3 Suppl):S155–60. Learning Objectives: Describe the techniques, types of cancer and dose schedules used in treating recurrent H&N cancers with SBRT List the radiobiological models that compete with the linear‐quadratic model in explaining the results of hypofractionated RT Describe the dose/volume metrics that are considered safe in SBRT treatment of tumors near the optic structures. Discuss the efficacy of hypofractionation and dosing schedules used in treating vestibular schwannomas Identify some difficulties in modeling TCP and NTCP for cranial tumors treated with hypofractionation. One moderator, Dr. Grimm, designed and holds intellectual property rights to the DVH Evaluator software tool which is an FDA‐cleared product in commercial use, and can analyze some of this data. No others have relevant conflicts of interest.
Habitat creation for pollinators on farmland: a research update

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Insects pollinate 80% of European plant species and are estimated to provide hundreds of millions of pounds worth of services for the UK economy. There is clear evidence showing declines in multiple insect pollinator species, as well as corresponding declines in the plant species that rely on them. Our understanding of pollinator systems is developing rapidly and investigations are being conducted into monitoring these losses, assessing the potential causes and possible methods of mitigation. This seminar will discuss these new developments in pollinator research and consider future directions.
Disjoint Parallelization of Sliding-Window Streaming Aggregation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Online analysis of data streams (with different degrees of parallelism) is becoming progressively more important as the amount of sensory data is growing. Aggregate functions represent one common example thereof. The current parallel approaches for online aggregation of data streams share one characteristic: one or several threads serve as central coordinators by distributing the work as well as the incoming data to other threads dedicated to its processing. If an approach uses centralized coordination units, its scalability is bounded to the throughput with which such coordination units can distribute work and data to processing threads. This thesis deals with the development of online analysis approaches for streaming aggregation without centralized coordination units. The coordination tasks as well as the remaining work are distributed among all participating threads. In this thesis we first introduce basics of online analysis and streaming aggregation, and then we provide several options for disjoint parallelizations of sliding-window based streaming aggregation. We study the developed approaches' runtime properties in order to maximize their throughput and minimize their latency. We also evaluate their throughput and latency in practice and discuss related work that could improve certain aspects of the approaches developed within this thesis.
A Study on Condition Monitoring and Diagnosis of Injection Molding Process Using Probabilistic Neural Network Method

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The objective of this research is the development of condition diagnosis model for injection molding process based on wavelet packet decomposition (WPD), feature extraction from cavity pressure, nozzle pressure and screw position signals and probability neural network (PNN) method. The node energies from the WPD of cavity and nozzle pressure signals are identified. In addition, five (5), seven (7) and two (2) critical features are extracted from the cavity pressure, nozzle pressure and screw position signals via the new feature extraction algorithm. The node energies and critical features are input to the PNN based condition diagnosis model for the injection modeling process. A series of injection modeling experiments are conducted and their results are used to validate the model. It is demonstrated that the proposed model is applicable to diagnose the injection molding process conditions. In particular, it is also shown that the utilization of cavity pressure and screw position signals in the model can result in higher diagnosis accuracy from the case studies.