jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Benthic diatoms of the Vistula River estuary (Northern Poland): Seasonality, substrata preferences, and the influence of water chemistry

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

SUMMARY Seasonal studies of water bodies in separate branches of the Vistula River estuary in Northern Poland were conducted over 30 months from May 2005 to October 2007. Diatom samples were collected from different substrata from two sites located in the river mouth, which has physical characteristics as a result of a complex interplay of natural and human influences that have taken place over the last 100+ years. The diatom flora growing on hard surfaces near the river banks such as sand, muddy sand, rocks, macroscopic green algae and/or vascular aquatic plants was recorded. All diatom taxa collected were distinguished based on their morphological features using light (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A total of 187 species belonging to 61 genera were identified. A canonical correspondence analysis indicated that the diatom assemblages were definitely associated with salinity as well as nutrient concentrations and substratum type. During the study, malformations of diatom valves were observed in 48% of the microphytobenthos samples. Abnormal outline morphology and ornamentation deformities in several individuals of nine different species were recorded, which were mainly in epilithic and epiphytic communities collected from spring to autumn.
“ENTERING LIFE” OF POETRY BY E.T.A. HOFFMANN AND GÜNTER GRASS

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In this scientific article, it is assumed that the literary works of the Nobel Prize laureate and the German national poet Günter Grass are characterized by romantic features. For this reason, the novel Ein weites Feld (“A Wide Field”) by Grass and the fairy tale Der goldene Topf (“The Golden Pot”) by E.T.A. Hoffmann are examined in terms of their similarities and differences. It is noteworthy that E.T.A. Hoffmann has so far only been associated with Grass in relation to his fairy tale “Klein Zaches, called Zinnober”, and the main hero of the fairy tale served as a literary model for Oskar Matzerath from “The Tin Drum”. Thus, this article makes it possible to throw a new light on Grass’es research. In this paper the following aspects are analyzed: questions of poetics, genesis, main characters, narrative or fictional levels, structural principles, as well as the role of the reader. The results are summarized in the final part of the investigation.
A Study on the Dividend Policy of Private Commercial Banks in Bangladesh

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The paper attempts to study dividend policy and size of all 30 Dhaka Stock Exchange listed private commercial banks in Bangladesh during January 2006 - December 2013. Annual total assets of bank is employed as measurement of its size. Statistical analyses, applying tools as correlation and regression, indicate a negative correlation between size of commercial banks and their respective dividend policy in 2006 and 2007, but it turns positive from 2008 onwards. The paper, however, shows that dividend policy changes in banks cannot be adequately explained by variations in their respective size over the period of study. The size of a private commercial bank, therefore, may not be a prime indicator of its dividend policy in the capital market of Bangladesh.
Detrital zircon U-Pb geochronology of Paleozoic strata in the Grand Canyon, Arizona

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

We determined U-Pb ages for detrital zircons from 26 samples of Paleozoic sandstone from the Grand Canyon. Cambrian strata yield mainly ca. 1.44 and 1.7–1.8 Ga ages that indicate derivation from nearby basement rocks of the Yavapai Province. Devonian strata contain zircons of 1.6–1.8 Ga, 1.34–1.40 Ga, and ca. 520 Ma, suggesting derivation from the Mazatzal and Yavapai Provinces, midcontinent region, and the Amarillo-Wichita uplift, respectively. Mississippian strata record a major change in provenance, with predominantly 415–475 Ma and 1030–1190 Ma grains interpreted to have been shed from the central Appalachian orogen. Pennsylvanian strata contain subequal proportions of 1.4–1.8 Ga grains derived from basement rocks exposed in the Ancestral Rocky Mountains and 409–464 and ca. 1070 Ma grains derived from the Appalachians. Permian strata contain abundant Appalachian zircons, including 270–380 Ma grains, and a lesser proportion of grains derived from the Ancestral Rocky Mountains. Transcontinental transport during Mississippian through Permian time is interpreted to have occurred in large river systems, facilitated by northeasterly trade winds during low sea level and by coastal currents. A compilation of young ages from all Upper Paleozoic strata yields age peaks of 270–365 Ma, 395–475 Ma, and 515–640 Ma, an excellent match for Alleghanian, Acadian, Taconic, and Neoproterozoic (peri-Gondwanan) episodes of magmatism along the Appalachian margin. Lag times of the youngest grains in these Upper Paleozoic strata average ∼25 m.y., suggesting relatively rapid exhumation and erosion of Appalachian source regions.
Blood coagulation state correlates with tumor recurrence of patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective:To explore the variation of the coagulation indexes in patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma(LSCC) and the correlation with tumor recurrence in patients with LSCC.Methods:The indexes of prothrombin time(PT),activated partial thromboplastin time(APTT),thrombin time(TT) and fibrinogen(Fib) were detected by using automatic blood coagulation testing machine in 65 patients with laryngeal benign disease(control group) and 155 patients with LSCC(test group).The data were analysed by SPSS 11.0.Results:The index of APTT in test group was shorter than that in control group(P0.05).In patients with LSCC,there was a significance between the patients with tumor recurrence and those without(P0.05).The index of Fib in test group was longer than that in control group(P0.05),and its level was increased in patients with tumor recurrence compared to those without(P0.05).However,PT and TT were not statistically different among 2 groups(P0.05).Conclusion:The patients with LSCC are in the hypercoagulable state.Fib and APTT may be the useful indexes for clinical monitoring of tumor recurrence in patients with LSCC.
Numerical Simulation on the Airflow of Electric Cutting Tool

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The numerical simulation and experiment had been applied to study the cooling of electric cutting tool. Temperature and wind velocity vector of three-dimensional cooling duct were obtained by Fluent. From the numerical simulation, the stagnation flow, reflow and backset which resulted in the poor cooling condition of the electric cutting tool were discussed. By modifying ribs, partition and outlet, a new cooling duct was reconstructed. The cooling effect of the new cooling duct was better than the original one by the experiment test.
P‐glycoprotein‐mediated herb–drug interaction evaluation between Tenacissoside G and paclitaxel

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp)‐mediated herb–drug interactions (HDIs) may impact drug efficacy and safety. Tenacissoside G (Tsd‐G), a major active component of Marsdenia tenacissima , exhibits anticancer activity. To analyze the effect of Tsd‐G on the pharmacokinetics of paclitaxel (PTX), researchers selected 30 Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats, randomized into a solvent control group, a verapamil positive control group, and 20, 40, and 60 mg/kg Tsd‐G groups. After seven consecutive days of intraperitoneal injection of verapamil or Tsd‐G, a single dose of 6 mg/kg PTX was injected intravenously. Plasma samples were collected at different time points, and proteins were precipitated using a methanol–acetonitrile solution. An ultrahigh‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method was developed, with docetaxel as an internal standard, and quantified using positive ion multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. This analytical method's specificity, accuracy, precision, recovery, matrix effect, and sample stability meet the requirements for biological sample determination. After Tsd‐G administration in rats, the mean residence time of PTX was significantly prolonged. And Tsd‐G can stably bind to P‐gp by forming hydrogen bonds and inhibiting the expression of P‐gp in rat liver. Although the metabolites of PTX were not detected in this study, the above results still indicate the existence of HDIs between Tsd‐G and PTX, and P‐gp may be the main target to mediate HDIs.
CFO's accounting talent, compensation and turnover

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Abstract This paper builds on and contributes to the literature on Chief Financial Officer's ( CFO ) compensation and turnover. We contend that the accounting talent of CFO s can be measured by accounting errors that occur when CFO s implement accounting standards. We find (i) a positive association between the CFO 's accounting talent and the CFO 's compensation ex ante in the transition year; (ii) a positive association between the CFO 's accounting talent and the CFO 's bonus in the subsequent year (adoption year); and (iii) an inverse association between the CFO 's accounting talent and CFO turnover in the subsequent year (adoption year).
Retraction : Effects of an ergonomics-based job stress management program on job strain, psychological distress, and blood cortisol among employees of a national private bank in Denpasar Bali

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The present work describes a newly developed ergonomics-based job stress management program - Ergo-JSI (Ergonomics-based Job Stress Intervention) - including a pilot study to ascertain the effects of the program on job strain, psychological distress, and blood cortisol levels among bank employees in Indonesia. A single-group, pre- and post-test experimental study was conducted in a sample of employees in a National Bank in Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia. The outcomes of the study focused on reductions in job strain index and psychological distress, measured by the Indonesian version of the Brief Job Stress Questionnaire (BJSQ), and improvement in blood cortisol levels following the study.A total of 25 male employees, with an average age of 39, received an eight-week intervention with the Ergo-JSI. Compared to baseline, the job strain index decreased by 46% (p<0.05), and psychological distress decreased by 28% (p<0.05). These changes were accompanied by a 24% reduction in blood cortisol levels (p<0.05). The newly developed Ergo-JSI program may hence be effective for decreasing job strain, psychosocial distress, and blood cortisol among employees in Indonesia.
Laughing at Failure or Failing to Laugh: Humour as a Strategy for Dealing With Foreign Policy Failure?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The paper considers the role of humour in dealing with failure in foreign policy and brings insights together from the studies of policy failure, humour studies, customer service management and crisis communication. It investigates how research in customer service management and crisis communication points to the use of humour as an additional strategy for dealing with foreign policy failure. This research has provided valuable insights into the benefits of humour for dealing with minor service failure, reducing the level of damage done to the standing of the actor responsible for the failure. The paper transfers these insights into IR and investigates the benefits and drawbacks of self-deprecating humour by policy makers responsible for failure. To illustrate this, we consider the humour employed by US President George W. Bush at the White House Correspondents Dinner in 2004 when making fun of his administration’s inability to find weapons of mass destruction (WMD) in Iraq. We argue that humour can be a tool to address policy failure only in front of a sympathetic audience when humour can be a means of addressing the cognitive tension between support for a policy and its empirical failure.
Tractability of sampling recovery on unweighted function classes

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

It is well-known that the problem of sampling recovery in the $L_2$-norm on unweighted Korobov spaces (Sobolev spaces with mixed smoothness) as well as classical smoothness classes such as Hölder classes suffers from the curse of dimensionality. We show that the problem is tractable for those classes if they are intersected with the Wiener algebra of functions with summable Fourier coefficients. In fact, this is a relatively simple implication of powerful results from the theory of compressed sensing. Tractability is achieved by the use of non-linear algorithms, while linear algorithms cannot do the job.
The lateral nucleus of the amygdala mediates expression of the amphetamine-produced conditioned place preference

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

We investigated the involvement of the hippocampal formation and the amygdala in the acquisition and expression of the amphetamine-produced conditioned place preference (CPP). Animals were conditioned in four sessions that included two pairings of d-amphetamine (2.0 mg/kg, s.c.) with one of two distinct compartments and two pairings of vehicle with the other compartment in a counterbalanced manner. Animals' preferences for the compartments were then tested in the absence of amphetamine. The CPP was attenuated by preconditioning electrolytic or excitotoxic lesions of the lateral nucleus of amygdala, but not by electrolytic lesions of the central or basolateral nucleus of amygdala, endopiriform nucleus, or ventral hippocampus or by radio-frequency lesions of the fornix-fimbria. When the lateral nucleus of amygdala was damaged by electrolytic or excitotoxic lesions after conditioning, animals failed to express an amphetamine-produced CPP. These results demonstrate that expression of the amphetamine-produced CPP is mediated by intrinsic neurons of the lateral nucleus of the amygdala, and that neither acquisition nor expression of the CPP is mediated by the central or basolateral amygdaloid nucleus or the hippocampus-accumbens projection. Combined with our previous finding that the expression of the amphetamine-produced CPP is also mediated by dopamine receptor activation in the nucleus accumbens (Hiroi and White, 1989, 1990), it could be suggested that the lateral nucleus of the amygdala and dopamine terminals in the nucleus accumbens are parts of the neural circuitry that mediates the expression of the amphetamine-produced CPP.
Assessment Measures For Sexual Predators: Step-by-Step Guidelines

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract As a result of recent legislative changes in both the United States and Canada regarding sexually violent predators (Glancy, Regehr, 2001; Zonona, 1999), mental health practitioners are increasingly being called upon to provide predictions regarding the future dangerousness of convicted sex offenders. Prediction of dangerousness based solely on clinical assessments for offenders of any kind and in particular sexual offenders, however, has proved to be remarkably inaccurate and to result in very low interrater reliability between professional assessors (Hilton, Simmons, 2001). Consequently, there has been considerable effort in the past decade to develop actuarial tools with the aim of improving predictive accuracy. Developers of the tools have reported favorable results in terms of predictive validity, but, nevertheless, considerable controversy exists about the place of actuarial testing in the assessment of sexual offenders (Zonona, 2000; Sreenivasan, Kirkish, Garrick, Wineberger, Phenixa, 2000). The original actuarial instruments focused exclusively on “static” or historical factors such as the age at first offence and the nature of violent offenses. The developers suggested that these tools for the prediction of dangerousness are accurate enough to be used in isolation and that adjunctive clinical assessments not only may fail to add to the predictive validity but in fact may be detrimental (Quinsey, Khanna,, Malcolm, 1998).
Metrizamide in Angiography

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In 20 patients the non-ionic Amipaque (metrizamide) and the ionic Isopaque Cerebral (meglumine/calcium-metrizoate) were injected into the femoral, brachial internal iliac or external carotid arteries. Strain gauge plethysmography of the lower leg demonstrated less increase in blood flow following injections of Amipaque (25%) than following injections of Isopaque Cerebral (95%). None of the 20 patients complained of pain following injection af Amipaque; 15 experienced pain following Isopaque Cerebral.
<b>Recent Trends in Research into Numerical Simulation Techniques for Railway System Dynamics</b>

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

RTRI has been working on innovative technical solutions for various dynamic problems caused by characteristics of the railway system. Numerical simulation techniques are one of the powerful tools which can be used to promote this kind of research; therefore, RTRI started development in 2010 on a simulation tool called the "Railway Simulator" using high performance computing technologies. This paper describes recent trends in research into numerical simulation techniques applied to research on dynamics in the railway system.
Six new species of the genus Caccothryptus from the Himalayas (Coleoptera: Limnichidae)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Six new species of the genus Caccothryptus (Coleoptera: Limnichidae) are described from the Himalayan region: C. brendelli sp. nov., C. arakawae sp. nov., C. championi sp. nov., C. larryi sp. nov., C. tardarsauceae sp. nov. and C. abboti sp. nov. Photographs of type specimens with relevant morphological characters to distinguish species are provided.
Identifying the Ingroup: A Closer Look at the Influence of Demographic Dissimilarity on Employee Social Identity

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Relational demography researchers have constructed models based on social identity theory and self-categorization theory, without fully incorporating their theoretical and empirical richness. We rectify this omission by constructing a model that includes key concepts from these theories and that predicts whether employees will identify with a particular demographic category or with their workgroup, or both. Propositions derived examine whether demographic dissimilarity will positively or negatively influence employee social identity.
Adolescents' information behavior when isolated from peer groups: Lessons from new immigrant adolescents' everyday life information seeking

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Peers are important to adolescents. This salient feature of teenagers — the strong dependence on peers and the relative independence on the adult world is a natural and important phenomenon in the process of completing their developmental tasks (Scholte & Aken, 2006). In addition, in LIS research, it has been disclosed that teens regard their peers as their favorite and most valuable information source (Fisher et al, 2007; Huges-Hasseel & Agosto, 2007; Meyers et al, 2007). However, for many reasons, adolescents can find themselves isolated from their peer groups. For example, young immigrant adolescents may find themselves isolated due to differences in culture, language, etc. When this happens, how do they compensate for this lost information source? New immigrant adolescents in the U.S. may experience difficulties in joining established social groups. This can result in a transitional period in which a peer group is unavailable to them. Previous research has shown that peer groups are an important information source for young people. How then, do new immigrant adolescents seek information to cope with their social isolation and other stressful life situations? To respond to these initial questions, this investigation employs intensive interviews with new immigrant adolescents in Tallahassee, Florida about their information world — what their daily life is like, how they cope with their daily problems, and how they find and use information sources in their daily life. A purposive sample of immigrant adolescents 10-20 years old living in the Tallahassee, Florida area will be recruited using adult informants at local churches and schools. The degree of their social isolation and social support will be measured using the De Jong Giervard Loneliness Scale (Gierveld & Tilburg, 2006) and the Social Support Questionnaire (Sarason et al 1983; Sarson et al, 1987). Subjects who score high on the social isolation scale and low on the social support scale will be asked to participate in an intensive interview. A total of ten interviews are anticipated. Intensive interviews with the selected subjects will explore isolated adolescents' information world. Interviews will be digitally recorded and transcripts will be analyzed using the constant comparative method. This proposed study will provide an initial understanding of socially isolated young immigrants' information behavior in daily life. Findings will inform librarians, educators, and other professionals who work with youth. This data will provide input for the successful design and delivery of information services and instruction for youth and a basis from which to support healthy growth for adolescents seeking to fulfill their information needs without the help of peers. The results of the proposed study will fill a gap in the information seeking behavior related to both youth information seeking and the information needs of immigrants.
HvGST plays a key role in anthocyanin accumulation in colored barley

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

SUMMARY Blue aleurone of barley is caused by the accumulation of delphinidin‐based derivatives. Although these compounds are ideal nutrients for human health, they are undesirable contaminants in malt brewing. Therefore, the ability to add and remove this trait easily would facilitate breeding barley for different purposes. Here we identified a glutathione S ‐transferase gene ( HvGST ) that was responsible for the blue aleurone trait in Tibetan qingke barley by performing a genome‐wide association study and RNA‐sequencing analysis. Gene variation and expression analysis indicated that HvGST also participates in the transport and accumulation of anthocyanin in purple barley. Haplotype and the geographic distribution analyses of HvGST alleles revealed two independent natural variants responsible for the emergence of white aleurone: a 203‐bp deletion causing premature termination of translation in qingke barley and two key single nucleotide polymorphisms in the promoter resulting in low transcription in Western barley. This study contributes to a better understanding of mechanisms of colored barley formation, and provides a comprehensive reference for marker‐assisted barley breeding.
Multiwall Carbon Nanotube Field Emitter Fabricated by Focused Ion Beam Technique

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

A multi-wall carbon nanotube field emitter and method of producing the same is disclosed The multi-wall carbon nanotube field emitter comprises a nanotube having a diameter between approximately 1 nanometer and approximately 100 nanometers with an integrally attached outer layer of graphitic material that is approximately 1 micrometer to approximately 10 micrometers in diameter attached to an etched tip of a wire. The tip of the wire is etched to form a tip and a slot is fabricated in the tip for alignment and attachment of the carbon nanotube. A focus ion beam is used to weld the nanotube to the tungsten tip for electron field emission applications.