jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Diabetes Distress Among Dyads of Patients and Their Health Supporters: Links With Functional Support, Metabolic Outcomes, and Cardiac Risk

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Patients with diabetes (PWD) often experience diabetes distress which is associated with worse self-management and glycemic control. In contrast, PWD who receive support from family and friends (supporters) have better diabetes outcomes. Purpose To examine the associations of PWD diabetes distress and supporters’ distress about PWDs’ diabetes with supporters’ roles and PWD cardiometabolic outcomes. Methods We used baseline data from 239 adults with Type 2 diabetes and their supporters participating in a longitudinal trial. PWD and supporter diabetes distress (high vs. low) were determined using the Problem Areas in Diabetes Scale-5. Outcomes included PWD-reported help from supporters with self-care activities, supporter-reported strain, PWD metabolic outcomes (glycemic control [HbA1c], systolic blood pressure [SBP], and non-HDL cholesterol) and 5 and 10 year risk of cardiac event (calculated using the United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study algorithm). Results PWDs with high diabetes distress were more likely to report that their supporters helped with taking medications, coordinating medical care, and home glucose testing (p’s &lt; .05), but not more likely to report help with diet or exercise. High supporter distress was associated with greater supporter strain (p &lt; .001). High supporter diabetes distress was associated with higher PWD HbA1c (p = .045), non-HDL cholesterol (p = .011), and 5 (p = .002) and 10 year (p = .001) cardiac risk. Conclusions Adults with high diabetes distress report more supporter help with medically focused self-management but not with diet and exercise. Supporter distress about PWD diabetes was consistently associated with worse outcomes. PWD diabetes distress had mixed associations with their diabetes outcomes.
Distributed leadership as fashion or fad

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Despite frequently expressed reservations concerning its fundamental theoretical weakness, distributed leadership (DL) has grown to become the preferred leadership concept and has acquired taken-for-granted status. This article suggests that the dominance of DL can best be understood as a fashion or fad rather than as a rational choice. It explores the techniques used to privilege DL, where not only logical but also emotional and moral arguments have been brought to bear. It is suggested that ongoing hybridization of distributed leadership theory serves to deflect criticism, rather as a virus continues to evade attack by changing its form. The article also argues that focusing on DL is a displacement activity, drawing people’s attention away from the core purpose of leadership, which is to address the persistent inequality of chances that children experience in school.
The Parman Economy: Post-Authoritarian Shifts in the Off-Budget Economy of Indonesia’s Security Institutions

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

More than an alternative source of revenue, ABRI’s (Angkatan Bersenjata Republik Indonesia, Indonesian National Armed Forces) off-budget economy was an index of the army’s political clout. Those Indonesians who owned and controlled capital, principally the politically vulnerable ethnic Chinese, rushed to form joint enterprises with military generals during the New Order to “secure” their businesses. These enterprises formed the backbone of a vast off-budget economy, ostensibly justified as an alternative revenue source in the face of state budget deficiencies. In the post-Suharto era, there has been a shift in power, and the police have emerged as the principle providers of “security.” This article examines the police’s off-budget economy and looks at the questions raised by persistent police budgetary shortfalls to chart the emergent dynamics between Indonesian capital and security forces, identified here as the “parman economy.”
Velocity analysis after migration

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The double‐square‐root (DSR) equation used in pre‐stack migration is formulated in terms of velocity‐dependent and velocity‐independent terms. The velocity‐dependent term is shown to be the hyperbolic normal moveout (NMO) correction, whereas the velocity‐independent term is related to the recording geometry only. This separation of the velocity‐dependent term offers a means of applying vertical corrections to an initial migration velocity field. Using this concept, procedures are described both for velocity determination and for achieving improved structural imaging. This decoupling is accurate both for constant‐velocity media and for media whose velocity varies as a function of depth. In media whose velocity varies as a function of both space and depth, a procedure is described for building velocity models through common‐image gather (CIG) stacking following prestack depth migration (PSDM) and time conversion (TC). This so‐called PSDM‐TC stack procedure provides a means of (a) incorporating both vertical and lateral velocity updates into an initial velocity model, (b) obtaining improved structural imaging by using a non‐optimal velocity model for the prestack depth migration, and (c) updating velocity by flattening CIGs and maximizing stack energy. The procedure can be applied to both P‐P wave and P‐SV wave migration.
The semiosis of Swedish car colour names: Descriptive and amplifying functions

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This article deals with the different semiotic functions of complex car color names in Swedish. Based on a body of 150 authentic name types, collected from both newspapers and manufacturers’ catalogues, the study looks into the properties of these names from both a quantitative and qualitative perspective, discussing aspects such as morphological structure, information value, and status thinking as they apply to the data. The results of the analysis demonstrate that such color terminology is used to serve both descriptive and amplifying purposes, indicating that there is a complex interaction between physical and cultural aspects in the domain of car color semiosis. As a corollary of the patterns derived, it is argued that the car industry often seems to prefer connotation to denotation as its main color naming strategy.
The calcifying odontogenic cyst.A new entity and possible analogue of the cutaneous calcifying epithelioma of malherbe

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

T the clinicopathological description of an apparently distinct variety of oral cyst that bears a striking histological resemblance to the cutaneous calcifying epithelioma of Malherbe.The "calcifying odontogenic cyst" seems to arise in the gingiva or alveolar process of the maxilla or mandible and has been confused with the calcifying epithelia1 odontogenic tumor described by Pindborg in 1958lS and Gorlin et al. in 1961.9Aside from the fact that both the "calcifying odontogenic cyst" and the calcifying epithelial odontogenic
Reflecting on parental terminal illness and death during adolescence : an IPA

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

There has been little consideration of how adolescents experience parental terminal illness (PTI) and death and any continuing impact it may have on their lives. In particular, limited attention has been given to this group’s perceptions and experiences of support during this period. This study explores the retrospective experiences of six individuals who had a parent diagnosed with a terminal illness (TI) during late adolescence. Their experiences are qualitatively explored in terms of their understanding, processing and adjustment to their parent’s TI and death; both as an individual, and in the context of their wider family and social setting. Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis was employed to analyse participant data. Participants were individuals who had a parent diagnosed with a terminal illness aged 16-18. Four superordinate themes emerged from the data. These were: changing family dynamics, grappling with adolescence and adjustment to loss, barriers to feeling/being supported and living with the consequences. Participants relate the profound impact that PTI during adolescence has had and continues to have on their lives. Study findings provide clinically useful information for healthcare professionals working with bereaved young people and those presently experiencing PTI. Implications are discussed in terms of service provision and design, including therapeutic recommendations for counselling psychologists and other professionals working with this group.
Sparse Equidistribution of Geometric Invariants of Real Quadratic Fields

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Duke, Imamoglu, and Tóth have recently constructed a new geometric invariant, a hyperbolic orbifold, associated to each narrow ideal class of a real quadratic field. Furthermore, they have shown that the projection of these hyperbolic orbifolds onto the modular surface $Γ\backslash \mathbb{H}$ equidistributes on average over a genus of the narrow class group as the fundamental discriminant $D$ of the real quadratic field tends to infinity. We extend this construction of hyperbolic orbifolds to allow for a level structure, akin to Heegner points and closed geodesics of level $q$. Additionally, we refine this equidistribution result in several directions. First, we investigate sparse equidistribution in the level aspect, where we prove the equidistribution of level $q$ hyperbolic orbifolds when restricted to a translate of $Γ\backslash \mathbb{H}$ in $Γ_0(q) \backslash \mathbb{H}$, which presents some new interesting features. Second, we explore sparse equidistribution in the subgroup aspect, namely equidistribution on average over small subgroups of the narrow class group. Third, we prove small scale equidistribution and give upper bounds for the discrepancy. Behind these refinements is a new interpretation of the Weyl sums arising in these equidistribution problems in terms of adèlic period integrals, which in turn are related to Rankin-Selberg $L$-functions via Waldspurger's formula. The key remaining inputs are hybrid subconvex bounds for these $L$-functions and a certain homological version of the sup-norm problem.
Reproduction and the risk of multiple sclerosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: The incidence of multiple sclerosis (MS) in Denmark has doubled in women since 1970, whereas it has been almost unchanged in men. Objectives: To investigate whether age at first childbirth and number of births have an effect on the risk of developing MS. Methods: The cohort consisted of 1403 patients with MS of both sexes, identified through the Danish Multiple Sclerosis Registry, with clinical onset between 2000 and 2004. For each case, 25 control persons were drawn by random from the Danish Civil Registration System matched by sex, year of birth, and residential municipality. Results: More female cases than controls had no childbirths or fewer births before clinical onset ( p=0.018) but only in the last five years preceding onset ( p<0.0001). Childbirths within five years before clinical onset reduced the risk of MS onset in women: OR=0.54 (95% CI 0.41–0.70, p<0.0001) for one child and OR=0.68 (95% CI 0.53–0.87, p=0.002) for more than one child. Parental age at first childbirth had no effect on the risk of MS. Conclusions: The data did not suggest reversed causality between childbirth and MS.
Structural validity and reliability of the healthcare professionals' economic reasoning questionnaire

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Introduction: The structure of healthcare professionals' economic reasoning (HPER) is still unknown. The aim: The structural validity and the reliability of the HPER questionnaire were evaluated. Methods: The psychometric study about evaluation of the HPER factors was conducted. The healthcare professionals (physicians, dentists, pharmacists) that are employed in healthcare state sector of Republic of Serbia were interviewed. The HPER Questionnaire contained 29 preliminary items. Its structure was evaluated by Principal Component Analysis for categorial and ordinal data. Results: The 9 items that defined seven HPER factors were extracted: (1) the negligence of the cost of quality by the administration and financier; (2) the consideration of the market price and healthcare benefit; (3) market orientation considering patient's requests; (4) the recognition of inadequate resource alocations by non-medical administrative authority; (5) the attitude about redirecting the profit from state to private healthcare sector; (6) the recognition of the unjustified spending by the healthcare professionals and (7) the relationship physician/patient. Conclusion: The HPER-9 Questionnaire has high structural validity and reliability in the HPER measurement.
Portal vein thrombosis in a young patient of previously asymptomatic hepatocellular carcinoma with Hepatitis-B related cirrhosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Portal vein thrombosis (PVT) is a rare condition whose exact prevalence is unknown.In developing countries like India it is most often due to umbilical or intra-abodominal sepsis in young patients.In South-East Asia, PVT is usually seen in middle age and above commonly when due to hepatitis-B related chronic liver disease or HCC, and other malignancies, being extremely rare in those below 30 years.We report a case of abrupt onset PVT with incidentally detected hepatitis-B associated cirrhosis of liver and HCC in a previously healthy young man, presenting with acute hepatic decompensation and some unusual features in the involvement of the portal vein.
Association Between Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Level and Subclinical Cardiovascular Disease in Primary Hyperparathyroidism

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Patients with mild PHPT have subclinical carotid abnormalities, but low 25OHD is not associated with abnormal carotid or cardiac measures. To the extent that PTH levels differentiated those with 25OHD less than 20 but not 30 ng/mL, these data support a 25OHD threshold of 20 ng/mL as clinically relevant in PHPT.
Essential oil Composition andin vitroAntibacterial Activity of Rhizome Essential Oil and β-Asarone fromAcorus calamusL. Collected from Lower Himalayan Region of Utarakhand

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract The essential oil of Acorus calamus L. (Araceae) was analyzed by GC and GC-MS while the major compound was confirmed by NMR spectroscopy. The oil was found to be rich in phenylpropanoids which contribute over 82 % of the total oil. The major compounds identified were Z-β-asarone (74.8 %) and E-β-asarone (5.6 %) besides other mono and sesquiterpenoids. The in vitro antibacterial activity of essential oil and the isolated β-asarone were individually tested against pathogenic bacteria including three gram negative bacteria viz. Pasteurella multicoda, Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica and one gram positive bacteria viz. Staphylococcus aureus. Both the oil and β-asarone showed in vitro antibacterial activity. The plant A.calamus containing β-asarone has been found to have tranquillizing and antibiotic activity, but is also potentially toxic and carcinogenic. The object of the present study on the composition of essential oil of A. calamus was to check the chemotypes devoiding of β-asarone or contain very little amount of it as reported in European A. calamus.
Effective Monkey Saddle Points and Berry and Lever Mechanisms in the Topomerization of SF4 and Related Tetracoordinated AX4 Species

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The topomerization mechanisms of the SF(4) and SCl(2)F(2) sulfuranes, as well as their higher (SeF(4), TeF(4)) and isoelectronic analogues PF(4)(-), AsF(4)(-), SbF(4)(-), SbCl(4)(-), ClF(4)(+), BrF(4)(+), BrCl(2)F(2)(+), and IF(4)(+)), have been computed at B3LYP/6-31+G and at B3LYP/6-311+G. All species have trigonal bipyramidal (TBP) C(2)(v)() ground states. In such four-coordinated molecules, Berry rotation exchanges both axial with two equatorial ligands simultaneously while the alternative "lever" mechanism exchanges only one axial ligand with one equatorial ligand. While the barrier for the lever exchange in SF(4) (18.8 kcal mol(-1)) is much higher than that for the Berry process (8.1 kcal mol(-1)), both mechanisms are needed for complete ligand exchange. The F(ax)F(ax) and F(eq)F(eq) isomers of SF(2)Cl(2) have nearly the same energy and readily interconvert by BPR with a barrier of 7.6 kcal mol(-1). The enantiomerization of the F(ax)F(eq) chiral isomer can occur by either the Berry process (transition state barrier 8.3 kcal mol(-1)) or the "lever" mechanism via either of two C(s)() transition states, based on the TBP geometry: Cl(ax) <--> Cl(eq) or F(ax) <--> F(eq) exchanges with barriers of 6.3 and 15.7 kcal mol(-1), respectively. Full scrambling of all ligand sites is possible only by inclusion of the lever mechanism. Planar, "tetrahedral", and triplet forms are much higher in energy. The TBP C(3)(v) structures of AX(4) either have two imaginary frequencies (NIMAG = 2) for the X = F, Cl species or are minima (NIMAG = 0) for the X = Br, I compounds. These "effective monkey saddle points" have degenerate modes with two small frequencies, imaginary or real. Although a strictly defined "monkey saddle" (with degenerate frequencies exactly zero) is not allowed, the flat C(3)(v) symmetry region serves as a "transition state" for trifurcation of the pathways. The BPR mechanism also is preferred over the alternative lever process in the topomerization of the selenurane SeF(4) (barriers 5.9 vs. 12.1 kcal mol(-1)), the tellurane TeF(4) (2.1 vs. 6.4), and the interhalogen cations ClF(4)(+) (2.5 vs 14.8), BrF(4)(+) (4.7 vs. 11.3), BrF(2)Cl(2)(+) (14.6 vs. 17.4), and IF(4)(+) (1.4 vs. 6.0), as well as for the series PF(4)(-) (7.0 vs. 9.0), AsF(4)(-) (9.3 vs. 17.2), and SbF(4)(-) (3.8 vs. 5.3 kcal mol(-1)), all computed at B3LYP/6-311+G with the inclusion of quasirelativistic pseudopotentials for Te, I, and Sb. The heavier halogens increasingly favor the lever process, where the barrier (2.6 kcal mol(-1)) pertaining to the effective monkey saddle point (C(3)(v) minimum for SbCl(4)(-)) is less than that for the Berry process (8.2 kcal mol(-1)).
Imaging exo-solar planetary systems with Terrestrial Planet Finder

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The concept of building a space based telescope capable of directly imaging extra-solar planetary systems has been in existence for more than a decade. While the basic ideas of how such an instrument might work have already been discussed in the literature, specific details of the design have not been addressed that will enable a telescope of this class to be functionally realized. A straw man configuration of the instrument is examined here for its ability to acquire data of sufficient informational content and quality to produce images and spectra of distant planetary systems and to find what technical problems arise from analyzing the interferograms it delivers. Computer programs that simulate the signals expected to be produced by a structurally connected instrument (SCI) version of Terrestrial Planet Finder (TPF) and reconstruct images from those signals will be presented along with programs that extract planetary parameters. An abbreviated radiometric performance analysis will also be provided that will assist astronomers in designing an appropriate mission.
[Molecular biological monitoring of the polioviruses circulation in Belarus].

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

A total of 135 polioviruses (PV), including 25 wild and 110 vaccine-related, isolated in Belarus in 1957-1999 were studied by the analysis of the polymorphism of the restriction fragments lengths of two distal regions of the genome: the region (480 oligonucleotide pairs) coding the N-terminal fragment of capsid protein VP1 (RLFP-1) and the region (291 oligonucleotide pairs) coding the N-terminal fragment of nonstructural protein of 3D-polymerase (RLFP-3D1). The genetic analysis of the viruses made it possible to determine 3 epidemiologically different periods of PV circulation: (1) the prevaccination period (1957-1959) when wild PV of all 3 serotypes circulated on the territory of Belarus; (2) the early period of the use of Oral Poliomielytis Vaccine (1960-1966), characterized by simultaneous circulation of wild and vaccine PV, as well as vaccine/wild recombinant PV; (3) the period of the elimination of wild PV of indigenous origin and the circulation of vaccine-related viruses (1967-1999). The characteristic feature of wild PV was their pronounced genetic variability. 8 genetic variants of PV1, including 4 genetic groups, 2 genetic variants of PV2 and 1 genetic variant of PV3 were detected; 2 vaccine/wild recombinant PV were detected in 1960 and 1966. More than 40% of the vaccine-related PV under study had altered genetic characteristics (mutations and/or recombinations. Reverse variability, linked with the loss of a number of signs of attenuation, was shown to be characteristic of vaccine PV1. Recombinants occurred most frequently among PV3 (44.9%) and PV2 (40.0%), their recombinations being formed mainly with PV1. Recombinants PV2/PV1 and PV3/PV1 were found to have high frequency of reversion in the "PV1" fragment of the genome; this frequency exceeded that in PV1 with the homotypical genome (66.7 and 44.4% in contrast to 12.5%).
Cooking skills during the Covid-19 pandemic

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

ABSTRACT This article aims to present reflections on cooking skills in times of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. The current period of uncertainty and isolation heightens food insecurity issues, influencing food choice, purchase, and preparation. Social media and networks are sources of entertainment and learning, with vast resources for cooking skills, which can stimulate home cooking and strengthen family ties. Research has evidenced the positive relationship between cooking and diet quality, an important factor for groups at increased risk of severe illness from Covid-19. For some individuals, cooking may be a strategy to reduce anxiety and stress associated with the pandemic. However, the Brazilian reality is marked by inequalities in income and access to food. Thus, more vulnerable populations may not have the same relationship with cooking. Public policies should focus on food and nutrition programs and actions for the development of cooking skills as a means to promote healthy eating and encourage self-care.
Development and Hardware Implementation of a Fault Transients Recognition System

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents the development and hardware implementation of a classification scheme to distinguish the transients originated by faults from other types of transients. In the proposed scheme, a set of Hidden Markov Model-based classifiers is employed to recognize the fault transients. Input features for the classifiers are the energy contained in wavelet coefficients of the measured current waveforms. A laboratory prototype of the fault recognition system was implemented on a floating-point digital-signal-processor (DSP)-based hardware platform. The classification system was tested using the transient signals generated by a real-time waveform playback unit. The test waveforms were generated by simulating an actual extra-high-voltage transmission system on an electromagnetic transient simulation program. The operation of the classification system was further verified using waveforms obtained from an actual fault recorder. The performance of the classifier was investigated under different practical scenarios, such as current transformer saturation, measurement noise, and lightning faults.