jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Heavy metal levels, potential health risk, and uncertainty analysis in a plant–soil–irrigation system of the Yellow River irrigation area of northern Ningxia (China)

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Background Industrial development results in elevated levels of heavy metals in the local environment, including the air, soil, and water. These heavy metals can contaminate crops in the surrounding area, which may pose severe health risks to local inhabitants. The aims of this study were to determine the levels of heavy metals in plant–soil–irrigation system and the associated human health risk with deterministic and probabilistic approaches. Methods In this study, samples of soil, irrigation water, and maize crops were collected from the Yellow River irrigation area in northern Ningxia, China. Inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry(ICP-AES)was applied to determine the heavy metal contents in maize grains, soil samples, and irrigation water. Potential health risks were assessed by deterministic and probabilistic estimation. Results The average concentrations of chromium and lead in maize exceeded the maximum allowable concentrations in food. The average concentrations of metals in the associated soil and irrigation water were both below the safe limits allowed in China. Deterministic estimation indicated a hazard index of 0.0986 for all inhabitants, implying no significant non-carcinogenic risk. The lifetime cancer risk value was 3.261×10−5, lower than the maximum acceptable level of 1×10−4 suggested by USEPA, while above the negligible level of 1×10−6 (USEPA) and 1×10−5 (WHO), with females facing a greater health risk than males. Probabilistic estimation indicated that approximately 0.62% of inhabitants are exposed to non-carcinogenic risk due to maize ingestion, while carcinogenic risk exceeds the maximum acceptable level (1×10−4) for 8.23% and negligible level (1×10−5) for 64.26% of inhabitants. Sensitivity analysis indicated that the concentration of arsenic in maize, the daily intake of maize, and exposure frequency of maize are the primary contributing factors in both non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks. Therefore, the content of arsenic in maize is of concern in the study region. Conclusions Based on deterministic and probabilistic risk estimation, there are no obvious non-carcinogenic health risks to inhabitants, while carcinogenic risk from As exposure is higher than the acceptable risk level. Females are at greater risk than males, and inhabitants under 20 years of age have the highest risk among age groups.
Study on effect of obstetric stress events on neuroendocrine function in patients with postpartum depression

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective:To explore the effect of obstetric stress events on neuroendocrine function in patients with postpartum depression.Methods:Clinical data of 752 cases of full-term birth who delivered from July 2007 to December 2008 and underwent obstetric stress events were collected.Group A: 233 cases had one kind of obstetric stress event.Group B: 180 cases had two kinds of obstetric stress events.Group C: 143 cases had three kinds of obstetric stress events.Group D: 98 cases had four kinds of obstetric stress events.Group E: 61 cases had five kinds of obstetric stress events.Group F: 37 cases had six kinds of obstetric stress events.At the same time,125 postpartum women without obstetric stress were selected randomly as control group.The levels of corticotropin-releasing hormone(CRH),adrenocorticotropic hormone(ACTH) and cortisol were measured by radioimmunoassay.The plasma levels of monoamine neurotransmitters were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)/electrochemical method.Results:98 cases(13.03%) in study group and 10 cases(8.00%) in control group were diagnosed as postpartum depression,respectively,there was significant difference(P0.01).There were significant difference in EPDS score and incidence of postpartum depression between the groups with four or more kinds of stress obstetric events and the other groups with three or less kinds of stress obstetric events(P0.01).The serum levels of CRH,ACTH and cortisol in the groups with four or more kinds of stress obstetric events were significantly higher than those in the groups with three or less kinds of stress obstetric events(P0.01).At the same time,the plasma 5-HT,DA,NE levels reversed(P0.01).There was a positive correlation among plasma 5-HT,DA,NE levels and serum CRH,ACTH,cortisol levels,respectively.However,the plasma 5-HT,DA,NE levels and serum CRH,ACTH,cortisol levels demonstrated a negative correlation.Conclusion:Obstetric stress events,in particular the superimposed stress events,leading to the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis hyperfunction and monoamine neurotransmitter system dysfunction,are risk factors of postpartum depression.
Effect of Tamsulosin on Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms in Elderly Patients with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Tick and tick-borne pathogens are among the major threats to animal health and production causing huge economic losses in the form of morbidity and mortality throughout the world.Due to the scarcity of epidemiological data and appropriate diagnostic methods, the study was carried out to detect Anaplasma marginale and Theileria annulata from buffaloes of Sheikhupura, Jhang, and Rawalpindi districts by using duplex PCR.A total of 1,152 blood samples of buffaloes were screened for epidemiological investigations.DNA extracted from blood samples was used for the amplification of the msp1β gene and cytochrome b gene by using single and duplex PCR.The prevalence of these pathogens and associated risk factors were observed through the multiple logistic regression method.The overall prevalence of a single infection of A. marginale was found to be 14.26% and for T. annulata it was 15.28%.The mixed infection, through duplex PCR in the buffalo population, was observed as 12.92%.Different associated risk factors were evaluated to assess their association with the prevalence of these pathogens.Generally, the prevalence was significantly higher in female buffaloes (P=0.0001)during summer season (P=0.0001).Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of A. marginale showed that Sequence Pak-4* was closely similar to sequences CP006847.1 and appeared in the same clade.Sequence Pak-4* was ascended to Pak-3* isolate and descendant to MK792344.1 Pakistani isolate.On the other hand, phylogenetic analysis of T. annulata showed that the Pak-2* sequence appeared to be descendants of Indian isolate MH78945.1.In the future, this study will be helpful for large-scale analysis of multiple species by using duplex and multiplex PCR and also for improving the control of associated tick-borne diseases in endemic regions through vaccine development.
Rearing Leghorn Pullets on a Photoperiod of 1 Hour of Light and 11 Hours of Darkness with Respect to Growing and Laying Performance as Influenced by Age at Housing and Strain

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Two trials in two years, each involving 2 commercial strains of White Leghorns, were conducted to compare the growing of Leghorn pullets on: (1) one hour of light and 11 hours of darkness (1L:11D) from day 4 to housing; vs. (2) a program of 8 hours of light and 16 hours of darkness (8L:16D). Lighting treatment had a significant effect on body weight in trial 1 with birds grown on 8L:16D being heavier at 4 and 8 weeks of age, while those grown on 1L:11D were heavier at 16 weeks of age. Birds grown on 1L:11D did consume less feed to 20 weeks than those grown on 8L:11D in trial 1 (6.24 kg. vs. 6.61 kg.) and in trial 2 (6.75 kg. vs. 7.60 kg.) where the effect was significant (P<0.05). Birds grown on 1L:11D had a greater age at 50 percent production in both trials. In trial 2, it was found that this effect could be modified by housing birds at different ages. There was no effect of lighting program during the growing period on subsequent percent egg production in trial 1 though in trial 2 the effect was significant (P<0.05) (1L:11D, 77.2% vs. 8L:16D, 75.8%) as was the interaction of lighting treatment by strain (P<0.05). There was no effect of lighting treatment on kg. of feed per dozen eggs, but in trial 2 birds grown on 1L:11D laid significantly (P<0.05) heavier eggs. Birds grown on 1L:11D showed a greater return over feed and chick costs for one strain in trial 1 and for both strains in trial 2 at an average of 30 cents per bird. In neither case were the differences significant.
BIM-EL localization: The key to understanding anoikis resistance in inflammatory breast cancer cells

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is a highly metastatic and rare type of breast cancer, accounting for 2-6% of newly diagnosed breast cancer cases each year. The highly metastatic nature of IBC cells remains poorly understood. Here we describe our recent data regarding the ability of IBC cells to overcome anoikis.
The effective English language teacher from the perspective of Ecuadorian university students

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Studying EFL teacher effectiveness has been a constant issue in the last decade. These investigations focused on teachers’ and education administrators’ perceptions. Most of them were conducted in countries different from Latin America. This research aimed to create a profile of university students’ perceptions concerning the qualities of an effective EFL teacher. For doing so, a quantitative approach was used involving the application of the Effective English Language Teacher (EELT) questionnaire of Roya Zamani & Ahangari (2016) to learners from a public university (N=324). The findings revealed that the participants value pedagogical knowledge as the most relevant dimension of an effective EFL university teacher above organization and communication skills, socio-affective skills, and English proficiency. According to the surveyed student population, the three main relevant features of an effective EFL university teacher are being flexible with grading (1.70), having a good sense of humor (1.65), and avoiding direct criticism of students when they make errors (1.61). The article concludes by outlining some recommendations.
Exacting collaboration: performance as pedagogy in interdisciplinary contexts

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In this field report from a STEAM (science, technology, engineering, arts, and mathematics) study abroad programme, the author describes how students came to see collaboration – a key component of arts practice – as a buzzword, rather than a set of specific, tested, vital practices productive to a wide range of situations. The author argues that the arts have much to offer as a ‘mobile critical paradigm’ (Gallagher, Kathleen, and Barry Freedman, eds. 2016. In Defence of Theatre: Aesthetic Practices and Social Interventions. Toronto: University of Toronto Press), particularly in interdisciplinary situations, but only if educators are exacting and purposeful as they define and employ collaboration as one of the arts’ most enduring lessons.
Investment Effects Of Endogenous And Exogenous Depreciation: Improved Pastures In Uruguay

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The depreciation rate for capital assets may have endogenous and exogenous components. Change in the exogenous component depends on technological change and/or environmental factors, shifts the production function, and independently affects profitability and investment. Change in the endogenous component does not. These hypotheses are tested using data on Uruguayan grass-legume pastures.
Handling concept drifts with traditional process discovery algorithms

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Event logs are data sets recording the executions (called cases) of a business process. Several process discovery algorithms have been defined to mine event logs and discover models of how activities of logged processes are being executed (activity traces). In the process discovery problems, the Pareto principle plays an important role. In fact, it is quite common that a large portion of log traces is held by a small fraction of top-frequent variants. Hence, accounting for the expected Pareto distribution of event logs, traditional process discovery algorithms are commonly used to discover process models by analyzing the prevalent trace behaviors. However, the Pareto principle is not always verified, especially in complex processes, where the majority of traces in the event log is often spanned on a high number of top-frequent trace-variants. In addition, traditional process discovery algorithms perform an offline analysis of event logs, assuming that logged processes remain in a steady state over time. But, the steady state is rarely the real-world case due to conceptual drifts. In this study, we use the traditional process discovery algorithms under the dynamic conditions of real-world processes. To this aim, we define two approaches, namely $$ ^{\textsf{P}} $$ P and $$ ^{\textsf{NP}} $$ NP , which detect drifts in the conformance of traces to process models and discover new process models on drifted traces. In $$ ^{\textsf{P}} $$ P , a new process model is discovered on an extraction-based representation of a drift. In $$ ^{\textsf{NP}} $$ NP , a new process model is discovered on an abstraction-based representation of a drift. The experimental results analyze the performance of the proposed approaches, also compared to a few related methods, showing the effectiveness of $$ ^{\textsf{P}} $$ P in Pareto cases and $$ ^{\textsf{NP}} $$ NP in non-Pareto cases, respectively.
FAMILY BURDEN AND SELF-CARE SKILLS OF CHILDREN WITH INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY, LIFE SATISFACTION OF THEIR MOTHERS AND THE EFFECTIVE FACTORS

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

AbstractAim: This study was conducted in order to determine family burden and self-care skills of the children with intellectual disability, life satisfaction of their mothers, and the effective factors. Methods: This descriptive, cross‐sectional study was conducted with the participation of 280 mothers. The data were collected by using “Data collection form”, “Family Burden Assessment Scale”, “Satisfaction of Life Scale”, and “Self-care Skills Check List”. Results: The correlation results showed that as the children’ self-care skills increased, their mothers perception of family burden decreased (p
Proximity‐fed broadband rectangular microstrip antennas

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The broadband proximity‐fed rectangular microstrip antenna (RMSA) is proposed. The proximity‐fed antenna has larger bandwidth (BW) and is simpler in design when compared with L‐probe‐fed RMSA. Further, the BW of proximity‐fed antenna is increased by using multiresonator or slot cut configurations. The proposed antennas give a BW of more than 300 MHz (>30%) with broadside radiation pattern with peak gain of 8.5 dBi. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:294–300, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.25723
Evaluation of Physical Properties of Mycelium-Based Bio Composites for Use As Facade Insulation Material

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract

Background: To evaluate the usability of mycelium-based materials for construction, first tests were carried out to determine their suitability for thermal insulation. Different substrate compositions were tested for various physical properties. The compositions and experimental setups used are described in the “Methods” section. Results: Materials based on fungal mycelium were found to have promising properties for use in the construction sector. Their thermal conductivities are comparable to those of commercially available ecological insulation materials. As material properties turned out to be dependent on the substrate used for the production of mycelium materials, further optimisation is required. Conclusion: For first preliminary tests [1] to study the performance of mycelium-based materials, different additives (beech wood, rice husks, coffee silver skin, perlite rock) were added to a base substrate to determine their influence on physical properties. Compared to the characteristics of conventional thermal insulation materials, the test results obtained are rather promising and confirm suitability of mycelium-based materials for building. However, further systematic studies are needed to investigate options to improve major properties and to ensure reproducibility of mycelium materials with largely homogeneous properties.
Daprodustat: A potential game-changer in renal anemia therapy—A perspective

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The United States FDA has approved daprodustat (DPD) as the first oral treatment option for anemia due to chronic kidney disease (CKD) in dialysis patients. Clinical trials have demonstrated DPD's efficacy and safety, showing non-inferiority to darbepoetin and suggesting reduced IV iron usage. DPD also holds potential for treating chronic kidney disease anemia in non-dialysis patients and may have benefits for patients with coexisting renal anemia and heart failure, pending further research and trials.
Power of Knockoff: The Impact of Ranking Algorithm, Augmented Design, and Symmetric Statistic

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The knockoff filter is a recent false discovery rate (FDR) control method for high-dimensional linear models. We point out that knockoff has three key components: ranking algorithm, augmented design, and symmetric statistic, and each component admits multiple choices. By considering various combinations of the three components, we obtain a collection of variants of knockoff. All these variants guarantee finite-sample FDR control, and our goal is to compare their power. We assume a Rare and Weak signal model on regression coefficients and compare the power of different variants of knockoff by deriving explicit formulas of false positive rate and false negative rate. Our results provide new insights on how to improve power when controlling FDR at a targeted level. We also compare the power of knockoff with its propotype - a method that uses the same ranking algorithm but has access to an ideal threshold. The comparison reveals the additional price one pays by finding a data-driven threshold to control FDR.
The investigation of interfaces of multiaxis fiber reinforced composites by fiber bragg grating sensors

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Advanced Composites, due to their high strength to weight ratio, replaced conventional materials in many applications. The role of structural health monitoring (SHM) in development of advanced composites is proved by many in industry and academia. In this thesis work, vacuum infusion and resin transfer molding (RTM) were developed for advanced composite production. Within the context of advanced composite development project, a fully functioning mechanical test laboratory is built in Yonca-Onuk JV shipyard and also fundamental composite configurations were subjected to mechanical tests. In the last stage, interply hybrid composite configurations that can be used for advanced composites were tested with embedded fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors.
Empowering Students’ Affective Factors in Teaching Speaking through Integrated Communicative Activities

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This study investigates the students' affective factors in learning to speak through integrated communicative activities. Communicative activities aim to develop students' ability to use language to interact with people in real situations. Practising communicative activities can certainly help students to develop their language abilities. Integrated communicative activities are assumed to be the best way to empower the students' affective factors. Communicative activities are needed to help students to boost the students' anxiety, motivation and self-confidence in learning to speak. The participants were students in the fourth semester of the English Education Department of State Islamic Institute Parepare. The quantitative research was conducted by using a random sampling technique. In-depth analysis showed three results, 1) the students believed they desired to speak in front of the class. They were not afraid and shy when their friend laughed or the teacher correction at them; 2) the students were enthusiastic and spirit about learning as a good opportunity in the future; 3) the students also had confidence that they have intelligence and communication ability. The study's results suggested that integrated communicative activities should be implemented in the class to empower the students' affective factors.
Selecting a high specific speed pump for low head hydro-electric power generation

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Small-scale hydroelectric power systems are emerging as a promising source of renewable energy generation, but they require low cost hydraulic and electric equipment to make them economically feasible. Using a pump as turbine (PAT) and induction motor as generator can save substantial capital investment. Recent power electronics development can produce 60 Hz electric power for a wide range of generator speeds, providing additional flexibility. Specifically direct drive systems can be operated over a range of head conditions without flow control. The selection of the correct pump for the turbine service has been difficult due to the lack of PAT performance data. This is especially true at high specific speeds. This paper presents a simple approach to predict PAT performance to aid in pump selection. A micro-hydro site producing 25 kW electric power from 5.5 meters of gross head is presented as a case study.
La universidad que se requiere a 50 años del modelo Xochimilco

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This exploratory work, using the documentary review technique, identifies the dimensions of the Xochimilco Model that are most closely aligned with Vygotsky’s theory of social learning, given that the current trend in education reflects an urgent need to focus on students and their relationship with the environment. At the same time, this study is carried out based on the need to recognize the influence of the educational model on the preeminence of the Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Xochimilco (UAM), which shows its validity and permanence within the framework of the 50 years of its foundation. It is identified that the pedagogical, socio-community and technological dimensions are those with the greatest relationship with Vygotsky’s theory, which are conceived as fundamental in the formative process of every student -regardless of their educational level-. In the conclusions, elements are suggested that every university and educational institution should include in its educational model and, of course, in its educational work, to provide comprehensive, current and pertinent training for today’s society. The justification for this work is based on the relevance of offering suggestions to other institutions that aspire to renew their educational models. At another time, this work will be contrasted with a survey applied to students and teachers of the UAM Xochimilco.