jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
B cell stimulatory factor 1 (BSF-1) prepares resting B cells to enter S phase in response to anti-IgM and lipopolysaccharide.

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

BSF-1 prepares resting BALB/c, DBA/2, and BDF1 B cells to enter S phase more promptly in response to subsequent culture with anti-IgM-based stimulants. It prepares DBA/2 and BDF1 B cells to respond to LPS, but its preparative effect for LPS responses of BALB/c B cells is both inconstant and meager. Preparation mediated by BSF-1 requires extended contact of B cells with the stimulant for full effect. Half-maximal preparation requires approximately 12 h of contact, as judged by delayed addition of BSF-1 or by inhibition of BSF-1 action with anti-BSF-1 mAbs. BSF-1 preparative action on resting DBA/2 B cells is mimicked by anti-Lyb-2.1 antibody. B cell blasts prepared by culture with BSF-1 and anti-IgM show modest responses to high concentrations of BSF-1; large B cells directly isolated from the spleen are not stimulated to enter S phase by BSF-1. These results lead us to conclude that BSF-1 functions principally as an activation factor for resting B cells.
Biocultural and Bioarchaeological Approaches to Infant and Young Child Feeding in the Past

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Understanding infant and child feeding and its relationship to child health is a key part of bioarchaeological investigations into children and childhood in the past. Aside from old age, infancy and childhood is the most vulnerable and dependent period of the life course. Infant and child feeding practices—including breastfeeding, non-breast milk substitutes, and weaning—can profoundly affect child growth and development and may have life or death consequences. Studies of infant and child feeding, moreover, give us a view to cross-cultural and temporal variation in practices and attitudes towards children. This chapter reviews anthropological studies of infant–child feeding and health from both past and present. Despite the evolutionary and biological underpinnings of infant and child feeding, the influence of environmental, social, and cultural factors on its diversity underscores the importance of using a biocultural framework.
Soudobé trendy teorie managementu a jejich průmět do strategického řízení

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Management is one of the most important human inventions, which together with economics helps to strengthen the economic progression throughout the coexistence of these two disciplines. Dissertation thesis applies twenty-five contemporary challenges of management and ten characteristics of a viable business model in strategic management, seeking their use in analysis of internal and external environment of an organization in order to identify the important determinants and issues of strategic management of an organization, based on comparisons and disparity of perceptions of the importance of determinants identified by respondents across an organization. Among the traditionally perceived problem areas there belong the customer, the area of communication, innovation and others that are pointed out by defined determinants validated by questionnaire survey.
Power limitations due to four-wave mixing effects in frequency division multiplexed coherent systems using cascaded optical amplifiers

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The impact of four-wave-mixing (FWM) effects on phase modulated coherent multichannel systems is investigated numerically for long-haul communications systems using optical amplifiers. Assuming ideal amplifiers spaced at 100 km and compensation of fiber dispersion at the receiver end, the performances of a 2.5-Gb/s 15-channel system are compared for conventional and dispersion-shifted fibers. For 1 mW per channel and 12.5-GHz channel separation, FWM leads to a channel averaged power penalty of 3.3 dB (up to 7 dB in particular channels) after 800 km in a conventional fiber, and 8 dB after only 300 km in the dispersion-shifted fiber. As expected, an increase of channel separation from 12.5 to to 37.5 GHz leads to improved system performance for both types of fibers. The improvement is, however, limited by modulation instability occurring in the individual channels so that for very large channel separations a better system performance is achieved using dispersion-shifted fibers.< >
Effect of Wavy Fins on Thermal Performance of Double Pass Solar Air Heater

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, experimental study on double pass solar air heater with wavy fins absorber has been investigated. The fins attached to the upper and lower surfaces of the absorber. Two wavy fins arrangement (3 and 7 fins) have been investigated with plan absorber by changing solar radiation intensity (500, 600, 700 and 800 W/m2), air mass flow rate form 0.008575 kg/s to 0.0214375 kg/s. The results of wavy finned absorbers are compared with plane and the improving in thermal efficiency reached 80% and 84% in 3 and 7 wavy fins absorbers respectively.
Decolonising Gold Bracteates

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Besides the seven medallions discovered in Scandinavia, thirteen so-called 'barbarian' medallion imitations have been found in Scandinavia, including one from Denmark, seven from Norway, and five from Sweden. Over one thousand bracteates have been found, mostly in southern Scandinavia but also distributed across Europe from England to Hungary. Unlike medallions and their imitations that were struck from both sides simultaneously, bracteates were made by means of a simpler one-sided stamping technique, perhaps reflecting what Greg Woolf calls a 'technology gap' that was experienced in the provinces when local artisans aspired to produce Roman-type artefacts. Although the pictures on Roman medallions were at least superficially emulated on Scandinavian bracteates, the meaning of the images has been interpreted largely on the basis of later sources from outside the Roman world. Aleksander Bursche describes medallions and coins as imperial payments to barbarian leaders who had served in the Roman auxiliary troops.
The European Unions balancing act between norms and interests in its Southern neighbourhood : an analysis of explanatory factors behind inconsistent human rights and democratisation policies of the EU in Northern Africa

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The events of the ‘Arab Spring’ and especially the initial uprisings in Northern Africa have uncovered the EU’s policies towards the region and the often inconsistent balancing of the EU’s treaty-based norms of human rights and democratisation versus the interest of the EU and its member states. This thesis aims at filling the research gap in the field of International Relations exposed by recent events: through a comprehensive assessment of the explanations behind the criticised conduct of the EU in the years leading up to the ‘Arab Spring’ via processtracing of the possible causal explanations of the dependent variable: The EU policy in the five Northern African countries. The concluding hypothesis indicates that the variables explaining the inconsistent EU policies in Northern Africa are: 1) the security concerns of immigration, terrorism and energy security and 2) the economic liberalisation agenda, while the variables of the US relations and the conflict issues in Western Sahara and in the Middle East are surprisingly indicated as having a weaker impact. The larger implications of the findings are discussed in a broader context of the way forward for the EU’s foreign policy-making. An actual ‘New foreign policy-paradigm’ is proposed in which transparency and a ‘re-politicisation’ of the EU’s foreign policy is argued as crucial for the positioning of the EU in a ‘Post-Western’ world order – as well as internally towards its own citizens.
Study of the Radiosensitizing Action of Lithium Ascorbate Under Neutron and Photon Irradiation of Tumor Cells

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Introduction. Radioresistance of cancer cells is a serious problem in radiation therapy of tumor diseases. Radiosensitizers make malignant cells more sensitive to radiation and increase the effectiveness of radiation therapy; however, their widespread clinical use is limited by significant side effects. The development and study of new radiosensitizers seems to be an urgent task of modern pharmacology. Aim. The purpose of this work was to study the effectiveness of lithium ascorbate as a radiosensitizer under the influence of photon and neutron radiation in wide dose range. Materials and methods. Evaluation of the biological effect was carried out using the tumor line of prostate cancer PC-3. We used a cyclotron to produce neutron radiation and a Cobalt-60 source to produce gamma radiation. Results and discussion. We have proved an increase in the cytotoxic effect with the combined use of different types of ionizing radiation and lithium ascorbate. The resistance of the prostate cancer line to gamma radiation at an absorbed dose of 0.5–3.0 Gy was revealed. It was shown that tumor cells of prostate cancer are more sensitive to the effects of the study drug in minimal concentrations in combination with neutron irradiation compared to gamma radiation in the same absorbed dose. The main mechanism of the radiosensitizing action of lithium ascorbate is the local induction of oxidative stress, which synergistically enhances the action of ionizing radiation. Conclusion. The combination of lithium ascorbate with neutron radiation leads to a more pronounced resulting cytotoxic effect. An increase in the concentration of lithium ascorbate led to the pro-oxidative action with an increase in the damaging effect on cells.
Antioxidant potentials and anti-inflammatory properties of methanol extracts of ripe and unripe peels of Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Studies suggest that extracts from plant materials could play protective roles against various disorders associated with the interplay between oxidative response and inflammatory disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, and phytochemical analyses of methanol extract of ripe and unripe peels of Ananas comosus (L.) Merr. The antioxidant properties were investigated through the analyses of ferric ion reducing antioxidant capacities, ascorbic acid equivalent antioxidant capacities, and nitric oxide scavenging capacities of the extracts. The anti-inflammatory potentials of the extracts were assessed through albumin denaturation inhibition and proteinase inhibition assays. Further investigation was carried out on the phytochemical composition of the extracts. There was no significant difference in the antioxidant potentials of the extracts assessed through the reduction of ferric ion. However, the ascorbic acid equivalent capacities and nitric oxide scavenging potential revealed that the antioxidant potentials of the extract of the unripe peel of A. comosus were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than the antioxidant potentials of the extract of ripe peel. Albumin denaturation inhibitory potential was significantly higher (p < 0.05), but there was no significant difference in the protease inhibitory potentials of both extracts. The estimated amounts of total flavonoids present in the extract of ripe peel of A. comosus were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than the estimates in the extract of unripe peels. This study gave a comprehensive insight into the antioxidant properties, anti-inflammatory properties and phytochemical compositions of the methanol extracts of the peels of ripe and unripe A. comosus which could be exploited as an alternative and complementary medicine in the treatment of different ailments associated with inflammatory disorders.
Mechanism analyses and mechanism-based prediction for adverse drug reactions using systems pharmacology

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

臨床現場における薬物副作用出現は,その症状に伴った臨機応変な対応が求められるのみならず,減量や休薬などにより治療効果を減弱させる場合があり,大きな問題となっている.そのため,治療効果を減弱させないマネージメント法の提案や,開発段階から副作用を回避する薬物を探索する手法構築は極めて重要な課題である.しかしながら,薬物副作用は,主作用と異なり起因分子が明確でないことが多いため,メカニズム解明やその出現予測は一般に困難である.本稿ではまず,副作用解析アプローチを,チロシンキナーゼ阻害薬erlotinibやsunitinibに対する副作用解析を具体例として紹介している.これらの薬物副作用解析において,生体を分子レベル,細胞レベル,組織レベル,個体レベルと階層性に基づき理解し,ベースと考えられる分子レベルでの薬物親和性に関する網羅的解析により,副作用を誘導する候補分子を同定し,システム生物学的手法により細胞レベルでの応答を理解することで,副作用メカニズムを同定することが可能となった.このアプローチを,より広範な薬物副作用解析に応用するためには,複雑なシステムである細胞内分子ネットワークの〝動的〟挙動解析に関する技術開発が今後の課題と考えられた.また,副作用予測に関しては,副作用発現に関わる細胞レベルでの網羅的で複雑な分子連関を解析することにより予測可能と期待されるが,このアプローチにおいても複雑システムの解析が重要となることが想定される.〝動的〟挙動解析は,副作用解析および予測のどちらにおいても強力なツールとなると考えられるが,これまでの解析技術では,シミュレーションモデルにおけるパラメータの信頼性や解析対象モデルの複雑性による解析困難といった課題がある.これらの克服が,副作用解析および副作用予測へのブレイクスルーになると考えられる.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of a Benzylamidine Derived from D‐Mannose. A Potent Mannosidase Inhibitor.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Validation of Two Calprotectin Rapid Tests in Daily Routine

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Both POCTs, Quantum Blue and PreventID®, provide high diagnostic accuracy and were less time consuming in clinical routine than quantification of fecal calprotectin by ELISA. This makes these tests excellent candidates for the use in clinical routine. The routine application of ELISA techniques for the quantification of fecal calprotectin levels is a valid option in laboratories or clinical departments with high quantities of samples to allow prompt follow up for patient management.
Therapeutic switching: a new strategic approach to enhance R&D productivity.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

New chemical entity discovery and development is a long, expensive and risky way of producing new therapeutics. An alternative approach, namely finding new uses for existing drugs, offers substantial advantages in terms of cost, time and risk, and represents a highly attractive strategy to drug discovery. Patents protecting the new use may also be obtained. There are multiple different classes of such R and D programs, depending on whether the original development is still protected by composition of matter patents, and whether the compound was ever fully developed/marketed for its original indication. There are also shortened R and D programs for new uses for stereoisomers and metabolites of existing drugs. Case histories in all areas are presented.
PREDICTING THE OPERON STRUCTURE OF BACILLUS SUBTILIS USING OPERON LENGTH, INTERGENE DISTANCE, AND GENE EXPRESSION INFORMATION

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

We predict the operon structure of the Bacillus subtilis genome using the average operon length, the distance between genes in base pairs, and the similarity in gene expression measured in time course and gene disruptant experiments. By expressing the operon prediction for each method as a Bayesian probability, we are able to combine the four prediction methods into a Bayesian classifier in a statistically rigorous manner. The discriminant value for the Bayesian classifier can be chosen by considering the associated cost of misclassifying an operon or a non-operon gene pair. For equal costs, an overall accuracy of 88.7% was found in a leave-one-out analysis for the joint Bayesian classifier, whereas the individual information sources yielded accuracies of 58.1%, 83.1%, 77.3%, and 71.8% respectively. The predicted operon structure based on the joint Bayesian classifier is available from the DBTBS database (http://dbtbs.hgc.jp).
Effect of By-product Feed-based Silage Feeding on the Performance, Blood Metabolites, and Carcass Characteristics of Hanwoo Steers (a Field Study)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This study was conducted to determine the effects of feeding by-product feed (BF)-based silage on the performance, blood metabolite parameters, and carcass characteristics of Hanwoo steers. The BF-based silage was composed of 50% spent mushroom substrate, 21% recycled poultry bedding, 15% cut ryegrass straw, 10.8% rice bran, 2% molasses, 0.6% bentonite, and 0.6% microbial additive (on a wet basis), and ensiled for over 5 d. Fifteen steers were allocated to three diets during the growing and fattening periods (3.1 and 9.8 months, respectively): a control diet (concentrate mix and free access to rice straw), a 50% BF-based silage diet (control diet+50% of maximum BF-based silage intake), and a 100% BF-based silage diet (the same amount of concentrate mix and ad libitum BF-based silage). The BF-based silage was fed during the growing and fattening periods, and was replaced with larger particles of rice straw during the finishing period. After 19.6 months of the whole period all the steers were slaughtered. Compared with feeding rice straw, feeding BF-based silage tended (p = 0.10) to increase the average daily gain (27%) and feed efficiency (18%) of the growing steers, caused by increased voluntary feed intake. Feeding BF-based silage had little effect on serum constituents, electrolytes, enzymes, or the blood cell profiles of fattening steers, except for low serum Ca and high blood urea concentrations (p<0.05). Feeding BF-based silage did not affect cold carcass weight, yield traits such as back fat thickness, longissimus muscle area, yield index or yield grade, or quality traits such as meat color, fat color, texture, maturity, marbling score, or quality grade. However, it improved good quality grade (1(+) and 1(++)) appearance rates (60% for the control group vs 100% for the BF-based silage-fed groups). In conclusion, cheap BF-based silage could be successfully used as a good quality roughage source for beef cattle.
Possible Location of the Next Major Earthquakes in the Northern Apennines: Present Key Role of the Romagna-Marche-Umbria Wedge

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

It is argued that in some zones of the Northern Apennines, in particular the \nRimini-Ancona thrust system, the Romagna Apennines and the Alta Valtibe- \nrina trough, the probability of major earthquakes is now higher than in other \nApennine zones. This hypothesis is suggested by the comparison of the \npresent short-term kinematics of the Romagna-Marche-Umbria wedge in the \nNorthern Apennines, deduced by the distribution of major shocks in the last \ntens of years, with the previous repeated behavior of the same wedge, evi- \ndenced by the distribution of major earthquakes in the last seven centuries. \nThe seismotectonics of the Apennine region here considered is closely con- \nnected with the larger context that involves the progressive migration (from \nsouth to north) of seismicity along the peri-Adriatic zones. The information \nprovided by this study can be used to better manage the resources for preven- \ntion in Italy
Electroacupuncture ameliorates gastrointestinal motility and modulates PLC-IP3 signaling in a rat model of functional dyspepsia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine whether electroacupuncture (EA) modulates the phospholipase C—inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate (PLC-IP3) pathway and platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR)α + cells in a rat model of functional dyspepsia (FD) characterized by gastrointestinal (GI) motor dysfunction. Methods: Forty Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were allocated into five groups: control, model, EA, U73122 and U73122 + EA groups (n = 8 each). All groups except the control group underwent a multifactorial method to induce FD. The EA group received EA, the U73122 group received the PLC inhibitor U73122, and the U73122 + EA group received U73122 prior to EA. The control and model groups received no interventions. After 10 days of treatment, behavioral and GI motility tests were conducted. Gastric antrum tissues were analyzed post-euthanasia to determine PDGFRα, PLC, phosphorylated ( P )-PLC, and IP3 expression and co-localization using Western blotting, RT-qPCR and immunofluorescence. Electron microscopy was used to examine gastric antrum gap junctions (GJs) and PDGFRα + cells. Results: The FD model rats displayed reduced activity, weight gain and food intake, with altered GI motility, widened gastric antrum GJs and decreased mRNA/protein expression of PDGFRα, PLC, P -PLC and IP3. Post-EA, rats showed improved weight gain, food intake, GI motility and mRNA/protein expression, as well as normal GJs. The U73122 group failed to demonstrate significant improvements in motility or PDGFRα + cell morphology, with lower protein/mRNA expression of key pathway intermediates than the EA group. Conclusion: EA enhances GI function in FD rats by activating the PDGFRα + cell-associated PLC-IP3 pathway, demonstrating potential as a therapeutic target for FD.
691 – Internet Addiction and Sleep Disturbance Symptoms among Adolescents

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Introduction: Sleep quality is a relevant dimension with regards to sleep-wake functioning, and poor sleep quality has been found to be associated with poor academic achievement and health. Objectives: Internet use has been identified as having a detrimental effect on sleep patterns. Studies, however, on the relationship between Internet overuse and physical health or sleep problems have been rarely performed (5,6). Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate Internet addiction among adolescents and to examine the correlation between problematic Internet use and sleep disturbance symptoms. Methods: The study was conducted among 1956 students, aged between 14 and 18 years. Internet Addiction Test (IAT) and a sociodemographic query form were used in the collection of data. Results: The students with Internet addiction were more likely to have difficulty in falling asleep (p< 0.001) and night awakenings (p< 0.01). Problematic Internet users and Internet addicts were found to sleep significantly less than avarage Internet users (7.1±1.5 hr/d, 7.0±1.2 hr/d, 7.76±1.5, respectively; p< 0.05). A significant positive correlation between daily sleep duration and IAT (r = -0.132; p < 0.01) and weekly Internet use (r = -0.085; p < 0.01) was found. Linear regression analysis revealed a significant negative and independent association of IAT with daily sleep duration (r = 0.235; p < 0.001). Conclusions: These results indicate an association between the Internet addiction and impaired sleep. Further studies are needed to describe the causality of this association.
Toward differentiating client attachment from working alliance and transference: Reply to Robbins (1995).

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

S. B. Robbins (1995) provided a thought-provoking response to the article (B. Mallinckrodt, D. L. Gantt, & H. M. Coble, 1995) that described the development of the Client Attachment to Therapist Scale (CATS). In this reply, recent elaborations of attachment theory are reviewed as applied to adult close personal relationships, and points of similarity and difference between the attachment-based constructs measured by the CATS and measures of client working alliance and transference are clarified.