jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Implementation of a PAP Index in High School and College: A Way to Foster Students’ Physical Literacy

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

One part of becoming physical-activity literate is for students to learn how to monitor and regulate their physical activity practice (PAP). Godbout and Nadeau (2021) have recently put forward a simple, yet useful and novel procedure for helping older students (high school and college) monitor their PAP level. In so doing, the student considers the intensity, frequency, duration (time) and type of activity performed, the four components of the FITT formula. According to the intensity of the activity, one of four correction factors is applied (0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.00). Based on data recorded in a log, a PAP index is computed using the Physical-Activity-Practice Corrected Hour (PAP-CH) as unit of measurement. Reflecting on their physical activity log and resulting PAP index over a few weeks, students can establish their physical activity profile and regulate it if necessary.
A geographical pattern of Antirrhinum (Scrophulariaceae) speciation since the Pliocene based on plastid and nuclear DNA polymorphisms

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Aim To infer phylogenetic relationships among Antirrhinum species and to reconstruct the historical distribution of observed sequence polymorphism through estimates of haplotype clades and lineage divergence. Location Antirrhinum is distributed primarily throughout the western Mediterranean, with 22 of 25 species in the Iberian Peninsula. Methods Plastid (83 trnS‐trnG and 83 trnK‐matK ) and nuclear (87 ITS) sequences were obtained from 96 individuals representing 24 of the 25 Antirrhinum species. Sequences were analysed using maximum parsimony, Bayesian inference and statistical parsimony networking. Molecular clock estimates were obtained for plastid trnK‐matK sequences using the penalized likelihood approach. Results Phylogenetic results gave limited support for monophyletic groups within Antirrhinum . Fifty‐one plastid haplotypes were detected and 27 missing haplotypes inferred, which were all connected in a single, star‐like network. A significant number of species shared both the same haplotypes and the same geographical areas, primarily in eastern Iberia. Furthermore, many species harboured populations with unrelated haplotypes from divergent haplotype clades. Plastid haplotype distribution, together with nucleotide additivity in 59 of the 86 nuclear ribosomal ITS sequences, is interpreted as evidence of extensive hybridization. Lineage divergence estimates indicated that differentiation within Antirrhinum post‐dates the Miocene, when the Mediterranean climate was established. Main conclusions Incongruence between plastid sequences, nuclear sequences and taxonomic delimitation is interpreted as strong evidence of limited cladogenetic processes in Antirrhinum . Rather, extensive nucleotide additivities in ITS sequences in conjunction with haplotype and haplotype‐clade distributions related to geographical areas support both recent and ancient hybridization. This geographical pattern of Antirrhinum speciation, particularly in eastern Iberia, is congruent with isolation–contact–isolation processes in the Pleistocene.
Work-Function-Dependent Reduction of Transition Metal Nitrides in Hydrogen Environments

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Amidst the growing importance of hydrogen in a sustainable future, it is crucial to develop coatings that can protect hydrogen-sensitive system components in reactive hydrogen environments. However, the prediction of the chemical stability of materials in hydrogen is not fully understood. In this study, we show that the work function is a key parameter determining the reducibility (i.e., denitridation) of transition metal nitrides (TMNs) in hydrogen radicals (H*) at elevated temperatures. We demonstrate that, when the work function of a TMN system drops below a threshold limit (ϕTH), its reduction effectively stops. We propose that this is due to the preferential binding of H* to transition metal (TM) atoms rather than N atoms, which makes the formation of volatile species (NHx) unfavorable. This finding provides a novel perspective for comprehending the interaction of hydrogen with TM compounds and allows prediction of the chemical stability of hydrogen-protective coatings.
UV photodegradation of phenolic aldehydes present in industrial wastewaters. II. Simultaneous degradation of a mixture

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The simultaneous photodegradation of four phenolic aldehydes by a polychromatic UV radiation was studied in a batch reactor. These phenolic substances, protocatechuic aldehyde (3,4‐dihydroxybenzaldehyde), p‐hydroxybenzaldehyde, syringaldehyde (4‐hydroxy‐3,5‐dimethoxybenzaldehyde) and vanillin aldehyde (4‐hydroxy‐3‐methoxy benzaldehyde), were selected because of they are major pollutants contained in wastewaters produced in some agro‐industrial plants. The degradation levels obtained are reported and the influences of the operating variables, temperature and pH, are established. Also, the quantum yields for the photoreaction of each individual aldehyde are evaluated by means of a competitive kinetic method, and correlated as a function of the temperature.
Association of statin use in older people primary prevention group with risk of cardiovascular events and mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Current evidence from randomized controlled trials on statins for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in older people, especially those aged &gt;75 years, is still lacking. Purpose We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies to extend the current evidence about association of statin use in older people primary prevention group with risk of CVD and mortality. Methods PubMed, Scopus, and Embase were searched from inception until March 18, 2021. We included observational studies (cohort or nested case-control) that compared statin use vs non-use for primary prevention of CVD in older people aged ≥65 years; provided that each of them reported the risk estimate on at least one of the following primary outcomes: all cause-mortality, CVD death, myocardial infarction (MI), and stroke. Risk estimates of each relevant outcome were pooled as a hazard ratio (HR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) using the random-effects meta-analysis model. Results Ten observational studies (9 cohort and one case-control study; n=872,845) fulfilled our criteria. The overall combined estimate suggested that statin therapy was associated with a significantly lower risk of all-cause mortality (HR: 0.86 [95% CI: 0.79 to 0.93]), CVD death (HR: 0.80 [95% CI: 0.78 to 0.81]), and stroke (HR: 0.85 [95% CI: 0.76 to 0.94]) and a non-significant association with risk of MI (HR: 0.74 [95% CI: 0.53 to 1.02]). The beneficial association of statins with the risk of all-cause mortality remained significant even at higher ages (&gt;75 years old; HR: 0.88 [95% CI: 0.81 to 0.96]) and in both men (HR: 0.75 [95% CI: 0.74 to 0.76]) and women (HR: 0.85 [95% CI: 0.72 to 0.99]). However, this association with the risk of all-cause mortality remained significant only in those with DM (HR: 0.82 [95% CI: 0.68 to 0.98]) but not in those without DM. Conclusions Statin therapy in older people (aged ≥65 years) without CVD was associated with a 14%, 20% and 15% lower risk of all-cause mortality, CVD death and stroke, respectively. The beneficial association with the risk of all-cause mortality remained significant even at higher ages (&gt;75 years old), in both men and women, and in individuals with DM, but not in those without DM. These observational findings support the need for trials to test benefits of statins in those above 75 years of age. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: None. Figure 1. Results of the meta-analysis
Horn and Crescent: Cultural Change and Traditional Islam on the East African Coast, 800-1900. By Randall L. Pouwels. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1987. 273 pp. $34.50

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Journal Article Horn and Crescent: Cultural Change and Traditional Islam on the East African Coast, 800–1900. By Randall L. Pouwels. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1987. 273 pp. $34.50 Get access James C. McCann James C. McCann Boston UniversityBoston, Massachusetts Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Church and State, Volume 30, Issue 3, Autumn 1988, Pages 610–611, https://doi.org/10.1093/jcs/30.3.610-a Published: 01 October 1988
Doktrin Precedent dan Plea Bargaining System

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Doktrin precedent dikenal dalam tatanan hukum Anglo Saxon, dimana hakim terikat pada putusan hakim terdahulu jika menghadapi kasus-kasus yang mirip. Di Amerika Serikat menganut the binding precedent dan persuasive precedent,sedangkan di Inggris menganut “the binding precedent”. Dalam sistem hukum acara pidana di Amerika Serikat juga mengenal plea bargaining system dimana antara jaksa dan terdakwa atau pembelanya dimungkinkan melakukan negosiasi jenis kejahatan yang akan dikenakan dan ancaman hukuman yang akan dituntut di muka persidangan, sistem ini tidak dianut dalam sistem hukum di Indonesia.
Delineate: flax, pulp and rags

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

A commissioned essay, tracing the papermilling heritage of Scotland to the British Linen Bank and Scotland's exports to the Caribbean of slave cloth, also known as osnaburgs. The etymology of linen is explored, alongside the links between collecting textile rags for pulping in traditional papermaking processes with the historic references to tabloid newspapers as 'rags' in a British context. \n \n- - - \n \nFor Remnants, written and illustrated commissions from Tiffany Boyle, Jade Halbert, Caitlin MacLeod, Rhona Warwick Paterson, Laura Richmond and Louise Welsh and conversations between Fiona Sinclair with Mairi Laverty, Adele Patrick with Akiko Kobayashi, Kirsteen Borland with Heather Claridge and Anne Duff with Cathy Houston, pay attention to how women’s contributions have been rendered in/visible through the formation and use of urban space in Glasgow’s Merchant City and beyond. Remnants is a part of 'Of Lovely Tyrants and Invisible Women', a programme, curated by Civic Room, featuring four solo exhibitions by artists, Lauren Printy Currie, Ashanti Harris, Thulani Rachia and Marija Nemčenko and a newspaper publication by Panel.
Adequacy of Material Resources Required for Effective Implementation of Upper Basic Education Business Studies Curriculum in Nigeria.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This work is a descriptive survey of the adequacy of the material resources required for effective implementation of upper basic education business studies curriculum in Ebonyi State. Two research questions and two hypotheses guided the study. The entire population of two hundred and forty-one (241) business studies teachers were used for the study. A four point structured questionnaire, with a reliability coefficient of 0.81 was administered on the 241 respondents. Mean and standard deviation were used to answer the research questions while t-test was used to test the hypotheses. The two null hypotheses were accepted at 0.05 significant level. The results showed that business studies facilities are lowly adequate; business studies curriculum, compliant textbooks are lowly adequate; there is no significant difference between the adequacy of business studies facilities in public and private junior secondary schools; and there is no significant difference between the adequacy of business studies curriculum compliant textbooks in urban and rural junior secondary schools. The study recommended that government and other stakeholders should pool their resources together to ensure that business studies facilities and textbooks are adequately provided since education for all is the responsibility of all.
Transcriptome Sequencing Reveals the Differentially Expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs Involved in Cryoinjuries in Frozen-Thawed Giant Panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) Sperm

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Sperm cryopreservation and artificial insemination are important methods for giant panda breeding and preservation of extant genetic diversity. Lower conception rates limit the use of artificial insemination with frozen-thawed giant panda sperm, due to the lack of understanding of the cryodamaging or cryoinjuring mechanisms in cryopreservation. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in regulating spermatogenesis. However, their roles during cryopreservation remain largely unexplored. Therefore, this study aimed to identify differentially expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs associated with cryodamage or freeze tolerance in frozen-thawed sperm through high throughput sequencing. A total of 61.05 Gb clean reads and 22,774 lncRNA transcripts were obtained. From the sequencing results, 1477 significantly up-regulated and 1,396 significantly down-regulated lncRNA transcripts from fresh and frozen-thawed sperm of giant panda were identified. GO and KEGG showed that the significantly dysregulated lncRNAs and mRNAs were mainly involved in regulating responses to cold stress and apoptosis, such as the integral component of membrane, calcium transport, and various signaling pathways including PI3K-Akt, p53 and cAMP. Our work is the first systematic profiling of lncRNA and mRNA in fresh and frozen-thawed giant panda sperm, and provides valuableinsights into the potential mechanism of cryodamage in sperm.
Overview of the EU Legislation on Novel Foods and Novel Food Ingredients

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This review aims to provide an overview of the current European Union (EU) legislation on novel foods and novel foods ingredients. A brief presentation of Regulation (EC) No 258/97 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 January 1997 concerning novel foods and novel food ingredients was attempted: the scope of the Regulation-the foodstuffs that apply/not apply of this Regulation-, the conditions for marketing, the application procedure and the labelling requirements.
Ketamine combination for sedation or anesthesia in cockerel chickens

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

The comparative efficacy of Diazepam, Ketamine, and Ketamine-Diazepam combination was assessed in adult chickens. The chickens (n=30) were divided into three equal groups (G-1, G-2 and G-3), and were administered with Diazepam dosed at 0.5 mg/kg body weight (b.wt.), Ketamine HCL dosed at 20 mg/kg b.wt., and Ketamine HCL (dosed at 10 mg/kg b.wt.) combined with Diazepam (dosed at 2 mg/kg b.wt.) through intramuscular (IM) route. The means of induction period, duration of sedation or anesthesia, full recovery period and duration of analgesia were significantly (p≤0.05) differed among the groups. Also, the clinical and hematological parameters measured before and after the sedation or anesthesia within the groups were found to be differed significantly (p≤0.05) from each other. It was concluded that Diazepam dosed at 0.5 mg/kg b.wt. (IM) can be used in cockerels. However, combination of Ketamine (at 10 mg/kg IM)-Diazepam (at 2 mg/kg b.wt. IM) is preferably recommended as this combination is comparatively safer, and minimizes the pains elicited from the surgical procedure of using Diazepam alone.
Development of a Wet Yellow Maize Mash Sieving Machine

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The extraction and storage of starches from the organs of plants is an essential primary post harvest operation. It is one of the various methods for preventing post harvest losses, seasonal gluts and shortages. Although, a lot of work has been done locally to mechanize the milling and sieving of dry products, it is observed that no extensive work has been done locally to mechanize the sieving of wet agricultural food products. The aim of this study was to design, fabricate and test a mechanically operated wet sieving machine for small scale processing of some wet agricultural crops.
[Occupational dermatitis in construction and public workers].

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Construction workers perform a large variety of duties concerned with building, repairing, and wrecking buildings, bridges, dams, roads, railways and so on. The work may include mixing, pouring and spreading concrete, asphalt, gravel and other materials. Despite the increasing mechanization of construction and the more frequent use of precast concrete sections, contact with wet cement still occurs, particularly in small jobs. The work is hard physical labor, often under difficult conditions, including hot, cold, and wet weather. Occupational diseases of the skin in the construction have paralleled industrial development.
EXPLORING GLOBAL LANGUAGE AND BUSINESS SKILLS ACQUISITION IN MULTICULTURAL LEARNING IN COACTION OF MOTIVATION AND LEARNING STYLES

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

In the global scale, acquiring both global language and business core skills have become mandatory in order to develop and prepare international business major students for global leadership and challenges. The ability to acquire these skills in a multicultural learning is a challenge of multifaceted skill learning fueled by reciprocal functions of motivation factors and learning styles of diverse community of learners. This study aimed to explore the challenges of business academic coursework of one hundred business major students in view of influential motivation factors and learning styles exhibited in a classroom that is multicultural in composition. Results show that extrinsic motivation is the most influential underlying factor to acquire global language and a strong perception on communication skill implies the most important dimension in acquiring business competence. Visual and auditory preferences remain to be strengths of their learning strategies. Finally, a discourse of recommendations for educators is provided to fully utilize the collaboration of motivation factors and learning strategies towards continuous improvement and effectiveness of language and business skills acquisition in multicultural learning.
Regenerative Instability of Impact-cutting Material Removal in the Grinding Process Performed by a Flexible Robot Arm

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Robotic machining is emerging as a viable alternative for some conventional machining tasks. Nevertheless, a challenge to cutting performance remains: vibrational instability is reported to be more severe with robotic cutting due to robot compliance. In this paper, the regenerative vibrational instability of a robotic grinding operation is studied. The objective is to find the limit of stable operation when material removal is performed by a compliant robot. The traditional approach to regenerative chatter analysis is revisited for a robotic machining process developed at Hydro-Québec's research institute for tasks on hydropower equipment. Stability lobes are established with respect to system gain (ratio of cutting rigidity over robot stiffness) versus repeat frequency (ratio of spindle frequency over the robot's first natural frequency). Robotic machining is found to be far upper-right of the first stability lobe minimum, where system gain and repeat frequency are more than one order of magnitude larger than for conventional machining. The cyclic impacting dynamics of material removal in the operation under study is invoked to investigate instability in this region. A SDOF dynamic model for the robot is excited by an impact-cutting force and the stability of the simulated response is verified while increasing the cutting depth. The limit of stable impact cutting is thus determined for the process at typical rotational speeds, from which a stability boundary is plotted versus the repeat frequency. The boundary is found to be very close to the limit predicted using the traditional approach. It is concluded that the large gain is typical for robotic machining. The impacting dynamics of material removal due to robot compliance must be considered to understand such large gain values, never occurring in conventional machining.
Peculiarities in training pilots for civil aviation of Ukraine

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

<span lang="UK">Розглянуто вимоги щодо видачі свідоцтв авіаційному персоналу України, які відповідають міжнародним стандартам. Описано особливості підготовки комерційних і транспортних пілотів</span>
On the Performance Investigation of Diverging-Wave-Based Vector Doppler Imaging with Linear Arrays: In-silico Results

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Ultrafast vector Doppler imaging (VDI) is a promising non-invasive tool for investigating complex blood flow dynamics. Recent studies showed that the plane wave (PW) based VDI at large depths is prone to strong underestimation due to the transmit beam divergence in the elevation (y−z) plane in the presence of spatial velocity gradients. However, studies on the influence of beam divergence in the azimuth (x−z) plane on flow imaging for deep vessels are limited in the literature. In this regard, we investigate the performance of DW-based vector velocity measurements with multifold objectives. We evaluate the influence of the location of virtual focus (VF) and the imaging depth for DW-based VDI using linear arrays with and without elevation focus. Numerical simulations using Field II for typical parabolic and flat flow profiles with DW transmit resulted in a slightly higher bias (0.5%−1% higher) for deeper vessels, particularly in the absence of spatial velocity gradients. However, in the presence of beam divergence, we observed that the inferences reported for PW-based VDI in the literature shall be extended to DW-based VDI as the underestimation was notably worse for parabolic flow profiles at large imaging depths. Moreover, this warrants further experimental studies with different field divergences controlled by VF for large depths.
Preparing to work with Latinos: Latino-focused content in social work master’s degree programs

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

To successfully integrate Latino immigrant populations in the United States, the Social Work Grand Challenges call for increased culturally responsive training in social work education. Nevertheless, professional programs of social work education have been slow to incorporate courses that prepare students to work with Latino communities. This study deploys content analysis to examine to what extent courses, concentrations, certificate programs, and mission statements of 262 Council on Social Work Education–accredited MSW programs integrate content specific to Latino populations. The study also investigated the rankings and practice specializations for those programs with Latino-focused content. The findings highlight a scarcity of Latino-focused content throughout the graduate social work programs.
Fatigue in Shift Work on Stamping Division Workers of PT. Toyota Motor Manufacturing Indonesia

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Various health problems are known from shift works. PT. Toyota Motor Manufacturing Indonesia (TMMIN) as a car manufacturing in Indonesia is a large industry that applies a shift work system for the workers. This study aims to see the relationship between shift work system in the Stamping Division of PT. TMMIN. The measurement works by using the reaction time method on the worker the shift (shift I/morning and shift II/night) and non-shift during the workday flash. Based on the average measurement of reaction time for the shift workers I was 284.79 milliseconds and shift worker II was 307.76 milliseconds. The risk of reaction time increase was 3.222 times due to shift works compared to non-shift workers. Based on the value of reaction time, shift workers in PT. TMMIN recommends a repair per shift after work on the eighth day for shift I and twelfth day for shift II.