jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Full Frame Encryption and Modulation Obfuscation Using Channel-Independent Preamble Identifier

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The broadcast nature of wireless communications exposes various transmission attributes, such as the packet size, inter-packet times, and the modulation scheme. These attributes can be exploited by an adversary to launch passive (e.g., traffic analysis) or selective jamming attacks. This security problem is present even when frame headers and payloads can be encrypted. For example, by determining the modulation scheme, the attacker can estimate the data rate, and hence the payload size. In this paper, we propose Friendly CryptoJam (FCJ), a scheme that decorrelates the payload's modulation scheme from other transmission attributes by embedding information symbols into the constellation map of the highest-order modulation scheme supported by the system (a concept we refer to as indistinguishable modulation unification). Such unification is done using the least-complex trellis-coded modulation schemes, which are combined with a secret pseudo-random sequence in FCJ to conceal the rate-dependent pattern imposed by the code. It also preserves the bit error rate performance of the payload's original modulation scheme. At the same time, modulated symbols are encrypted to hide PHY-/MAC layer fields. To identify the Tx and synchronously generate the secret sequence at the Tx and Rx, an efficient identifier embedding technique based on Barker sequences is proposed, which exploits the structure of the preamble and overlays a frame-specific identifier on it. We study the implications of the scheme on PHY-layer functions through simulations and testbed experiments. Our results confirm the efficiency of FCJ in hiding the targeted attributes.
Confucian Terrorism: Phan Bội Châu and the Imagining of Modern Vietnam

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract Confucian Terrorism: Phan Bội Châu and the Imagining of Modern Vietnam by Matthew A BerryDoctor of Philosophy in History University of California, Berkeley Professor Wen-hsin Yeh, Chair This study considers the life and writings of Phan Bội Châu (1867-1940), a prominent Vietnamese revolutionary and nationalist. Most research on Phan Bội Châu is over forty years old and is contaminated by historiographical prejudices of the Vietnam War period. I seek to re-engage Phan Bội Châu’s writings, activities, and connections by closely analyzing and comparing his texts, using statistical and geographical systems techniques (GIS), and reconsidering previous juridical and historiographical judgments. My dissertation explores nationalism, modernity, comparative religion, literature, history, and law through the life and work of a single individual. The theoretical scope of this dissertation is intentionally broad for two reasons. First, to improve upon work already done on Phan Bội Châu it is necessary to draw on a wider array of resources and insights. Second, I hope to challenge Vietnam’s status as a historiographical peculiarity by rendering Phan Bội Châu’s case comparable with other regional and global examples.The dissertation contains five chapters. The first is a critical analysis of Democratic Republic of Vietnam and Western research on Phan Bội Châu. I challenge claims that Phan Bội Châu should be interpreted solely as a ‘transitional figure.’ The second chapter investigates Phan Bội Châu’s near-obsession with martyrdom. In it, I explore how Phan weaves together narrative and symbolic strands from Confucian and Catholic repertoires to justify martyrdom on behalf of the Vietnamese nation. The third and fourth chapters provide a detailed account of the famous trial of Phan Bội Châu by the Criminal Commission of Hanoi in 1925. By evaluating the case against Phan Bội Châu in comparison with the research agendas presented in chapter one, I show that both history and law offer flawed ways of interpreting the legacy of a national hero. The fifth chapter presents Phan Bội Châu’s 760-page commentary to the Book of Changes, a classical Confucian text that Phan Bội Châu re-interprets as a structural framework for understanding time, morality, and the inevitability of revolution.
Amotivation in AI injected EFL classrooms: Implications for teachers

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Motivation is an essential aspect of students' success in their learning, and an investigation into the factors that could deteriorate their motivation could shed light on that issue. This study investigates amotivation during the application of artificial intelligence technology in EFL classrooms or AI-injected learning. As artificial intelligence is still a relatively new technology, but its application is becoming increasingly more prevalent in language classrooms, this study aims to explore factors that could negatively affect EFL students’ motivation to use technology in their learning. This study included questionnaires and interviews to collect data from 133 EFL students in an Indonesian higher education institution. The students had experience working with AI applications in their learning. The statistical analysis of the questionnaire data suggested that, although not dominant, amotivation was evident among the students. More than 25% of the students experienced amotivation while learning using the AI apps. The qualitative analysis of the interview data revealed three factors that could give rise to amotivation among the students when working with the AI apps: intelligence, user interface, and lesson design. Intelligence and user interface were internal to the AI apps, while lesson design was associated with the teachers' pedagogical competence in preparing the lessons for their students. This study suggests that app design and lesson design are two motivational factors that could affect students’ motivation in AI-injected learning.
The concept formerly known as information (the panel)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract This session introduces a new approach to the concept of information, utilizing an arts‐informed, visual approach. 137 graduate students from a North American iSchool were asked “What is information?” and responded by drawing upon a 4” by 4” piece of paper, coined an “iSquare.” The drawings of information () were analyzed using compositional and thematic analysis techniques adapted from precedent visual studies. The results include the identification of the most common graphical representations used to express information, as well as three themes pertaining to the social, technological, and “informational” dimensions of information. This panel employs the iSquare study and its outcomes as a springboard to engage – afresh – the concept of information today. After the original research is reported, invited experts from information science, museum studies, and social epistemology will offer commentary. “The Concept Formerly Known as Information” is a riff on the antics of American singer‐songwriter Prince, who in 1993 changed his name to an unpronounceable glyph and was called (for a short time) “The Artist Formerly Known as Prince.” This panel seeks a similar jolt to the status‐quo when the concept of information is transformed from word to image.
Antigenic analysis of Strongyloides ratti infective larvae and adult worms

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Summary The protein composition of Strongyloides ratti infective larvae and adult worms extracted sequentially in water, sodium deoxycholate and sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) and their excretory/secretory products were analysed by both one‐ and two‐dimensional SDS‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. While many bands common to all preparations and both stages of the worm were seen, a number of bands unique to each stage and preparation were identified. Western blot analysis of these larval and adult preparations for reaction with IgG and IgM antibodies in hyperimmune mouse sera revealed a large number of antigens. These data provide a framework for analysis of protective and diagnostically useful antigens.
Research on Feature Based IC Process Modeling and Clustering

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In order to make effective reuse of existing integrated circuit (IC) process cases, improve design efficiency, robustness of design resolutions and overcome knowledge famine and knowledge orientation problems in design process, a feature based hierarchical framework of knowledge modeling and similarity measurements based knowledge clustering method of IC process cases are proposed. In this paper, IC process cases knowledge is represented into four types: sequential type, textual type, crisp type and interval type. According to knowledge classification, sequential similarity measurement for process sequence knowledge and content similarity measurement for the rest types are listed. Finally, existing IC wafer handling process cases of an IC manufacturing enterprise are employed to verify the proposed methods.
A Cross Domain Feature Extraction Method for Bearing Fault diagnosis based on Balanced Distribution Adaptation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Traditional intelligent fault diagnosis techniques for rotating machines have two limitations: 1) Big data with fault information is not available in some cases; 2) The training and testing data are often drawn under discrepant distribution. Thus, transfer component analysis (TCA) has been designed to reduce the distance of marginal distribution between domains. The joint distribution adaptation (JDA) was proposed to simultaneously reduced the difference between the conditional distribution and marginal distribution in source or target domains. However, these two distributions are often treated equally in these existing methods, which will lead to poor performance in practical applications. Therefore, a cross-domain feature extraction method based on balanced distribution adaptation algorithm(BDA) has been proposed, which can adaptively utilize the importance of difference between marginal distribution and conditional distribution. It should be noted that several existing cross domain feature extraction methods can be treated as special cases of BDA. As a new method in the field of transfer learning, BDA is an effective cross-domain feature extraction method. The validity of the BDA algorithm has been successfully evaluated in the actual data set in this paper.
Pearson v. Shalala: The Beginning of the End for FDA Speech Suppression

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

On January 15, 1999, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulations for evaluating health claims for dietary supplements were declared invalid under the First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution and under the Administrative Procedure Act. The Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit held the FDA's refusal to authorize four nutrient–disease relationship claims with disclaimers a violation of the First Amendment commercial speech doctrine. That court also held the FDA's refusal to define a standard for review of health claims arbitrary and capricious. The decision is final and binding on the FDA. It is destined to have a profound impact on the way the FDA regulates claims for dietary supplements and potentially all other products.
Semantic relations in information science

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This chapter examines the nature of semantic relations and their main applications in information science. The nature and types of semantic relations are discussed from the perspectives of linguistics and psychology. An overview of the semantic relations used in knowledge structures such as thesauri and ontologies are provided, as well as the main techniques used in the automatic extraction of semantic relations from text. The chapter then reviews the use of semantic relations in information extraction, information retrieval, question-answering and automatic text summarization applications.
COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN THE EFFECTIVENESS OF NACETYLCYSTEINE AND BICARBONATE IN RENAL PROTECTION AFTER CARDIAC BYPASS SURGERY

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury is a common and serious postoperative complication of cardiac surgery that employs cardiopulmonary bypass.Acute renal failure occurs in up to 30% of patients who undergo cardiac surgery.Aim of the Work: to compare between the effectiveness of acetylcysteine and bicarbonate in prevention of acute kidney injury in patients undergoing elective cardiac bypass surgeries.Patients and Methods: This interventional prospective comparative randomized single blinded study was conducted on 120 cardiac patients, hypertensive, diabetic with normal preoperative kidney functions, of either sex, aging >40 years old, scheduled for elective cardiac bypass surgery at Cardiothoracic Surgery Department of Ain Shams University hospitals.Study started June 2017 and ended December 2018; after the approval of the ethical medical committee and obtaining a written informed consent from the patient.Results: The current study showed nonsignificant correlation between usage of NAC and bicarbonate and renal protection after cardiac bypass surgeries.Also the current study showed the more the time of aortic clamping, time of CPB and the lower the MAP during CPB, the more the rise in serum creatinine after 24 hours. Conclusion:The current study shows that perioperative intravenous administration of NAC with or without sodium bicarbonate may not have a role in prevention of acute kidney injury in patients undergoing elective cardiac bypass surgeries as detected by serum creatinine and creatinine clearance.
NON-SPECIFIC IMMUNE RESPONSE IN PATIENTS ON CONTINUOUS AMBULATORY PERITONEAL DIALYSIS

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

慢性血液透析患者では免疫機能が低下していることは周知の事実であるがCAPD患者での免疫機能に関する報告は少ない. 今回, 我々はCAPD患者とHD患者について非特異的免疫パラメーターを指標とし免疫機能を比較検討したので報告する. 1) OKT8陽性細胞百分率はCAPD群がHD群に比し有意に低下し, OKT4/OKT8はCAPD群で高い傾向にあった. 2) ADCC活性はCAPD群がHD群よりも正常に近かった. 3) PHA皮内テストはCAPD群では導入早期に改善する可能性が示唆された. 4) 血清補体蛋白量, 特にC3はCAPD群では有意に高く, 正常化していた. 以上の結果よりCAPD群ではHD群に比し, 免疫パラメーターの一部に改善がみられることが示され, 慢性腎不全患者の免疫不全についてはCAPDの方がHDよりも有効な透析法である可能性が示唆された.
The Piedmont terraces of the Northern Appalachians

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract

Camelina is being developed as a winter oilseed cover crop. Early flowering and maturity are desired traits in camelina to allow for relay planting or seeding of a summer annual following camelina harvest. Here we report that while all winter biotype accessions of camelina have a functional allele of FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) on chromosome 20, there are also at least 20 previously characterized spring biotype accessions that have a functional FLC allele at this locus. We observed this by analyzing 76 of 222 camelina accessions that were resequenced by Li et al., (2020) as well as 11 additional accessions resequenced for this analysis. This discovery will inform marker assisted selection efforts that are underway to increase genetic variation in the genetically narrow base of winter camelina germplasm. Furthermore, we optimized a KASP genotyping approach that effectively differentiates winter camelina accessions from the spring accessions based upon a SNV in the FLC gene on chromosome 20. We also identified a facultative winter biotype accession of camelina (PI650163- 1) that has demonstrated two years of winter-hardiness and has flowered at least a week earlier than the common winter accession, ‘Joelle’. A cross between Camelina sativa accessions PI 650168 (n=19) and PI 650163-1 (n=20) produced viable progeny to the current F3 generation. Early maturing winter-hardy camelina will reduce stress on the subsequent soybean crop and improve cropping system yields. A principal components analysis of genetic diversity showed that three replications of this facultative winter accession clustered near the group of winter accessions.
Crop Recognition Using Deep Learning Techniques

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Crop recognition from images or videos is a demanding and challenging task due to manifoldness in the plant's diversity, background noises, variation in inclination of plants etc. Recognition of crops is the most effective solution to overcome botanical taxonomy gap, it also helps the government in identifying crops and their predicted cultivated amount at the end of season. This paper suggests deep learning based methods for crop recognition using Deep Convolutional Neural Networks. Transfer learning is implemented to achieve better results as it is more effective in real world scenarios because it uses pre-trained CNNs model which is trained on large datasets such as Image Net dataset and thus achieves top accuracy. Three pre-trained models and one custom model are implemented and evaluated on different metrics in order to get the best optimal model to correctly recognise crops from images which can be used in developed web-apps to provide solutions at end user level.
Development of dental ceramics. An historical perspective.

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

This article covers the inception and development of porcelain and its adoption into dentistry as a restorative material substituting for natural tooth. The turbulent years of development of dental porcelain with the innumerable waxing and waning fortunes of its acceptance and success are outlined. The major milestones in the historical and scientific development and refinements of dental porcelain materials are covered from its earliest beginnings to modern day materials.
Keanekaragaman Jenis Tumbuhan Pemakan Serangga Dan Laju Fotosintesisnya Di Pulau Natuna [Diversity of Insectivorous Plants and Its Photosynthetic Rate in Natuna Island]

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Studies of insectivorous plants diversity and photosynthesis rate of pitcher plants in Natuna Island was conducted on August 2011, Survey in eleven villages conducted to determine the species found in the visited sites, Bioscientific Portable LCI ADC Photosynthesis System used for measurement of pitcher plants photosynthesic rate, The results shows that there are three families of insectivorous plants founded in study sites, namely Nepenthaceae, Droseraceae and Lentibulariaceae, Six species of Nepenthaceae were found (four species and two natural hybrids) i,e; N. gracilis, N. ampullaria, N. rafflesiana, N. reinwardtiana, N. x hookeriana and N. x trichocarpa. While from family Droseraceae and Lentibulariaceae were found only one species respectively, which is Drosera burmanni and Utricularia bifida. Nepenthes reinwardtiana has the highest rate of photosynthesis namely 21,05 µmol/m /s, followed by N. gracilis (17,66 µmol/m /s), N. rafflesiana (16,6 µmol/m /s), N. x hookeriana (15,84 µmol/m /s) and N. ampullaria (9,96 µmol/m /s).
Unveiling the Socio-political and Cultural Well-Being of Internally Migrated People in Gwadar

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This research explores the socio-political and cultural well-being of internally migrated people in Gwadar, Pakistan. The study engages qualitative methodology, using semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions as the main data collection methods. The research employs human rights theory, and social capital theory with the framework of migration as the theoretical framework to investigate the phenomenon of internal migration and its impact on the well-being of individuals and communities. The data collected among fourteen respondents by using thematic analysis. The findings of the study revealed that internally migrated people in Gwadar face several challenges related to their socio-political and cultural well-being. These challenges include inadequate access to basic services such as healthcare, education, and housing, as well as discrimination and marginalization based on ethnicity and socioeconomic status. The study recommends that policymakers should prioritize the provision of basic services to internally migrated communities and work towards promoting social cohesion and inclusion.
Implementation of Social Sciences Education in Improving Students' Critical Thinking Abilities

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Critical thinking skills are essential in educational institutions, especially social studies education. Social studies education mainly focuses on developing students' critical thinking skills. This research explores the methods used in social studies learning to support students' critical thinking abilities. The method used in this research is to use a qualitative description approach, using primary and secondary data collection techniques. The primary data collection technique involves interviewing education experts. In contrast, secondary data is obtained by exploring information through scientific works such as articles, books, and educational documents. The results of this research are that in improving students' critical thinking skills, social studies learning can combine learning methods such as discussion-based learning methods, case studies, social research projects, assessment of critical thinking skills, and the use of technology in social studies learning. The implications of this research suggest that educational institutions should prioritize the integration of these diverse learning methods to foster critical thinking skills in students, thereby enhancing their overall academic performance and preparing them for complex problem-solving in real-world scenarios
Maintained partial protection against Streptococcus pneumoniae despite B‐cell depletion in mice vaccinated with a pneumococcal glycoconjugate vaccine

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Objectives Anti‐CD20 monoclonal antibody therapy rapidly depletes > 95% of CD20 + B cells from the circulation. B‐cell depletion is an effective treatment for autoimmune disease and B‐cell malignancies but also increases the risk of respiratory tract infections. This effect on adaptive immunity could be countered by vaccination. We have used mouse models to investigate the effects of B‐cell depletion on pneumococcal vaccination, including protection against infection and timing of vaccination in relation to B‐cell depletion. Methods C57BL/6 female mice were B‐cell depleted using anti‐CD20 antibody and immunized with two doses of Prevnar‐13 vaccine either before or after anti‐CD20 treatment. B‐cell repertoire and Streptococcus pneumoniae –specific IgG levels were measured using whole‐cell ELISA and flow cytometry antibody‐binding assay. Protection induced by vaccination was assessed by challenging the mice using a S . pneumoniae pneumonia model. Results Antibody responses to S. pneumoniae were largely preserved in mice B‐cell depleted after vaccination resulting in full protection against pneumococcal infections. In contrast, mice vaccinated with Prevnar‐13 while B cells were depleted (with > 90% reduction in B‐cell numbers) had decreased circulating anti– S. pneumoniae IgG and IgM levels (measured using ELISA and flow cytometry antibody binding assays). However, some antibody responses were maintained, and, although vaccine‐induced protection against S. pneumoniae infection was impaired, septicaemia was still prevented in 50% of challenged mice. Conclusions This study showed that although vaccine efficacy during periods of profound B‐cell depletion was impaired some protective efficacy was preserved, suggesting that vaccination remains beneficial.