jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Production and characterization of durable self‐cleaning and engineering porous Al 2 O 3 /CaAl 12 O 19 ceramic membranes

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The rapid development of engineering filtering process suggests that it is imperative to produce membrane substrates with a fine pore size, high gas permeation, and antifouling properties for efficient and long‐term application. This study reports on a novel fabrication method of a porous Al 2 O 3 /CaAl 12 O 19 ceramic membrane substrate by a direct foaming method combined with cement solidification and tape‐casting technology. The microstructure of the produced ceramic membrane consisted of pores with a size of 50‐150 μm, which were interconnected with each other with a large number of small filtering functional pores of <10 μm. By increasing the amount of the foaming agent, the porosity of the porous Al 2 O 3 /CaAl 12 O 19 ceramic membranes was tailored from 64.8% to 80.5%, and the bending strength decreased from 32.1 ± 1.0 to 9.6 ± 0.9 MPa, respectively. The sintered hydrophilic ceramic substrate was successfully modified to a hydrophobic one (with water contact angles of 143°) by pyrolysis of dimethyldichlorosilane and dichloromethylsilane. The resultant membrane displayed high chemical stability and self‐cleaning features. The membrane with a porosity of 64.8% had a N 2 permeation of 3.0 (±0.5) × 10 7 L m −2 h −1 at 0.5 bar and a water flux which could be totally suppressed at a liquid entry pressure of 0.45 bar.
Ichneumonids(Hymenoptera:Ichneumonidae)parasitizing Dioryctria rubella in Shenyang

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Eight species of Ichneumonidae parasitizing Dioryctria rubella Hampson in Shenyang were reported.Three of them,Sinophorus fuscicarpus(Thomson),Gelis cinctus(Linnaeus) and Scambus buolianae(Hartig),were new records for China.The parasitization was 28.6%.Some cases about the investigation on the natural enemies of borers were discussed.
Nature of Supersonic Turbulence and Density Distribution Function in the Multiphase Interstellar Medium

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Supersonic flows in the interstellar medium (ISM) are believed to be a key driver of the molecular cloud formation and evolution. Among molecular clouds’ properties, the ratio between the solenoidal and compressive modes of turbulence plays important roles in determining the star formation efficiency. We use numerical simulations of supersonic converging flows of the warm neutral medium (WNM) resolving the thermal instability to calculate the early phase of molecular cloud formation, and we investigate the turbulence structure and the density probability distribution function (density PDF) of the multiphase ISM. We find that both the solenoidal and compressive modes have their power spectrum similar to the Kolmogorov spectrum. The solenoidal (compressive) modes account for ≳80% (≲20%) of the total turbulence power. When we consider both the cold neutral medium (CNM) and the thermally unstable neutral medium (UNM) up to T ≲ 400 K, the density PDF follows the lognormal distribution, whose width σ s is well explained by the known relation from the isothermal turbulence as σ s = ln ( 1 + b 2  2 ) (where b is the parameter representing the turbulence mode ratio and  is the turbulent Mach number). The density PDF of the CNM component alone ( T ≤ 50 K), however, exhibits a narrower σ s by a factor of ∼2. These results suggest that observational estimations of b based on the CNM density PDF requires the internal turbulence within each CNM clump but not the interclump relative velocity, the latter of which is instead powered by the WNM/UNM turbulence.
Skin-Nihilism Now: Flaying the Face and Refiguring the Skin

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

A profound cutting or wounding of the body disrupts the self-control of the mind in its contemplation of a death always on the brink of finality but never quite arriving at it. Thinking articulates each instant of the postponement of such a torturous death, life is the torment and anguish of its forestalling. If Bataille's obsession with this photo, in its focus on the 'most anguishing of worlds accessible to us through images captured on film', can be seen as an identification with the instant of ecstatic pain, Artaud might be said to have spoken directly from within such a moment; the moment of his own 'mental' dismemberment and painful struggle against disintegration, experienced in the form of thinking through the 'flesh': This photograph had a decisive role in my life. I have never stopped being obsessed by this image of pain, at once ecstatic and intolerable. (Bataille 1989, 206)
Detecting grassland spatial variation by a wavelet approach

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Insight into the spatial variation of an ecosystem can provide better understanding of ecological processes and patterns in different scales. Detecting these multiple scales of spatial variation in grassland landscapes is valuable for determining management options, designing proper sampling regimes, and selecting suitable resolutions of remote sensing products. The objective of this study is to examine how environmental factors affect spatial variation of biophysical properties in mixed grassland ecosystems. Field leaf area index (LAI), soil moisture, and topographical parameters (relative elevation, upslope length, and a wetness index) were obtained in three parallel transects of a grassland ecosystem in Saskatchewan, Canada in 2004. One 20‐m resolution SPOT 4 (HRVIR) image was acquired at the same period of the growing season but in the following year. Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) was calculated from the satellite image of the centre 381‐m transect and two extensive 2560‐m perpendicular transects. A wavelet approach was used to identify the scales of variations. Statistical results showed that LAI is significantly correlated to the wetness index (r2 = 0.37) and soil moisture (r2 = 0.43). The wetness index is better than relative elevation and upslope length in demonstrating the effect of topography on grassland vegetation. The variation of soil moisture is significant at two small scales of about 20 m and 40 m, and that of the wetness index is at the large scale of 120 m. The variation of grassland LAI is significant at three scales (20 m, 40 m, and 120 m), which indicates that the spatial variation of LAI might be controlled by both topography and soil moisture, though the 120 m is the dominant scale of variation in LAI. NDVI significantly correlated with grassland LAI along the centre transect. The effect of topography on grassland LAI is also proven by the significant relationships between NDVI and the wetness index. The wavelet analysis identifies the variation of two extensive transects at the scale of about 120 m, which is similar to the dominant variation scale of grassland LAI. These results confirmed that the effect of topography on spatial variation can be identified from the appropriate satellite image. This study suggests that the spatial scales of soil and topographic data aid in the selection of appropriate satellite image resolution for monitoring and managing ecosystems.
Precise chiral colloidal assembly

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Materials Science
A challenge for particle assembly is to bring different colloids together in a controlled and uniform way that goes beyond making lattice structures. Ben Zion et al. used DNA origami to pattern colloidal particles and assemble them into clusters with controlled chirality and composition. DNA belts wrapped flat along the curvature of a colloidal particle in an L-like shape. This meant that other achiral colloidal particles, each furnished with a specific complementary DNA belt, could only attach in one orientation.

Science , this issue p. [633][1]

[1]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.aan5404
Research on Special Analysis of Verification and Validation in Nuclear Power Instrument and Control System

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

At present, there is still lack of detailed software V&V guidance standards in China, while a number of US nuclear power units and I&C platform are introduced and applied. So the software verification and validation work in our country usually cited the methods in IEEE 1012. With reference to the requirements of IEEE 1012, the V&V process of the software can be mainly divided into three forms: audit evaluation, special analysis and testing. This paper focuses on these parts and gives a detailed description and annotations of the technical methods and their life cycle stages in IEEE 1012, which cover multiple V&V phases. At the same time, the author puts forward his own understanding of the special analysis approach and procedure, such as criticality analysis, interface analysis, traceability analysis, hazard analysis, risk analysis and security analysis, and gives his own experience and related recommendations.
THE USE OF OPEN JUMP FLAPS IN LOWER EXTREMITY REPAIRS

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

CANNON, BRADFORD M.C. (INACT.); LISCHER, CARL E. M.C. (INACT.); DAVIS, WILLIAM B. M.C. (INACT.); CHASKO, STEPHEN M.D.; MOORE, ANDREW M.D.; E. MURRAY, JOSEPH M.C.; McDOWELL, ALLYN M.C. Author Information
Time resolved measurement of electron temperatures of exploding foil x ray laser plasmas

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract We present results of recent experiments to measure the plasma conditions present in a neon-like x-ray laser plasma. We measure the time-resolved K -shell emission spectra of low Z tracer material doped into a yttrium exploding foil target. We determine the plasma conditions by analysing the K -shell emission spectra assuming a quasi-steady state approximation. Two dimensional LASNEX hydrodynamics simulations are in reasonable agreement with these time-resolved electron temperatures.
Reactions of tetraphenyldiphosphine with carbon radicals

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

1-Cyano-1-methylethyl and 1-methoxycarbonyl-1-methylethyl radicals reacted with tetraphenyldiphosphine to afford, after sulphurization, 1-cyano-1-methylethyl-(1) and 1-methoxycarbonyl-1-methylethyl-(diphenyl)phosphine sulphides (2), respectively. A mechanism involving metathesis of the P–P bond is suggested. The photosensitized reaction of 1,1-diphenylethylene gave 2,2-diphenylethenyl(diphenyl)phosphine sulphide after sulphurization. We suggest that the triplet state of the ethylene behaves like a carbon radical in its attack on the phosphorus–phosphorus bond.
Use of antibiotics. Antifungals.

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This paper proposes a novel approach to modeling the diversity in users’ perceptions, based on a mixture of qualitative and quantitative techniques: the Repertory Grid Technique and Multi-Dimensional Scaling. The proposed method can be used for identifying diverse user groups that can inspire a range of personas, or for selecting subjects for field studies and usability tests. In a case study we explored the perceptions of product creators and end users towards an innovative product in its early design stage.
AIoT and VR-Based Technology for Robots Control in Critical Safety Environments: Challenges and Opportunities

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This study explores the integration of Artificial In-telligence of Things (AIoT) and Virtual Reality (VR) in research dedicated to operations within critical safety environments. The discussion commences by examining intentional interventions that may impact the interaction between remote operators and objects through the use of AIoT and VR devices as control interfaces. Following this, a detailed exposition of the tools used in AIoT-VR interfaces is presented, with a specific focus on applications in safety-critical scenarios. Subsequently, we delve into various heuristic design, implementation, and reporting methods employed in AIoT-VR-based research. This includes considerations such as participant selection, activity and task settings, and the careful selection and evaluation of experimental parameters. The primary aim of this paper is to provide guidance for enhancing the quality of AIoT-VR research in safety-critical operations. This is achieved through aligning with existing research backgrounds via comprehensive discussions and examples. The paper encourages researchers to adopt flexible approaches in applying context-specific designs and explorations in AIoT-VR studies for safety-critical operations. The anticipated impact of this review includes the practical advancement of AIoT-VR research within safety-critical studies, while simultaneously reinforcing the importance of user-centric considerations in engineering projects.
Design and Realization of Management Module for Single Cell

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Key word: battery management system; cell acquisition; real-time sampling; equalization Abstract: Battery management system (BMS) is the most important part of an electronic vehicle (EV), and the management module for single cell is the most important collection part of BMS. It provides cells ’ data and realizes cells management for BMS. In this paper, the design and realization of the management module for single cell is presented. It can collect real-time voltage and temperature data of cells, and carry on the necessary processing for such data, and then upload these data to the main control module in the battery management system. The design can also equalize the cells, and made their voltage remain in a standard. For the proposed design scheme, the microcontroller PIC24F16KA101 is used as the core part, and the multi-cell addressable battery stack monitor LTC6802 is utilized as the collection part. Moreover, the design of multi-channel data collection and management system, and the design of software and hardware for interface are given. The practical experimental results show that the system can realize the real-time multi-channel signal collection, offer useful data for battery management system, and equalize the cells at power on or power off situation, so as to guarantee the battery consistency.
Orchestration of innovation networks in collaborative settings

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Purpose Few papers address innovation activities among tourism entities. The purpose of this paper is to elucidate the extent to which the theoretical framework of network orchestration can explain the system of relations underlying roles and behaviors of tourism actors in collaborative innovation settings. Design/methodology/approach Using interview data collected from destination management organizations and their destination partners within two polar-sampled North American destinations, this study identifies relationships which underlie the behaviors of tourism and hospitality actors engaged in collaborative innovative activities. To understand these relationships, this study abductively imposes the emergent theoretical framework of network orchestration and offers practical implications for conducting successful innovation among tourism collaborators. Findings First, orchestration of knowledge mobility processes in collaborative innovation settings is associated with trust, perceived fairness and the search for experts within the network. Second, orchestration of innovation appropriability processes is associated with forging shared ownership and knowledge exchange with “dissimilar” partners. Third, orchestration of network stability processes is associated with enhancing the reputation of influential actors within the tourism destination, and shared visioning of future innovation outcomes. Originality/value This paper contributes to the collaborative innovation landscape by testing the emerging theoretical framework of network orchestration and proposing practical implications for hospitality and tourism actors engaged in innovative activities. The research further demonstrates the value of abductive reasoning for elucidating theory from interview evidence and proposes a model for future studies on collaborative innovation networks.
Nonstationary Optimal Control of Dual-Stage Actuator System Including Spring and Damping Elements.

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Nonstationary optimal regulator (NOR) is one of the effective methods for positioning control of vibration systems. NOR corresponds to an LQ regulator utilizing time-varying weighting functions and produces positioning trajectories taking the vibration characteristic of a controlled object into account. Generally, many positioning or tracking mechanisms such as information equipments, machine tools and robots adopt dual-stage actuator systems (DSASs). DSASs consist of coarse and fine actuators and realize efficient and high performance responses. However, the control method for DSASs with mechanical flexibility has not been fully addressed. This study utilizes the NOR technique for positioning control of DSASs taking spring and damping elements of controlled objects into account. We use a proper combination of time-varying weights for this problem. The effectiveness of this method is verified by numerical calculations and experiments.
Updates on Aptamer Research

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

For many years, different probing techniques have mainly relied on antibodies for molecular recognition. However, with the discovery of aptamers, this has changed. The science community is currently considering using aptamers in molecular targeting studies because of the many potential advantages they have over traditional antibodies. Some of these possible advantages are their specificity, higher binding affinity, better target discrimination, minimized batch-to-batch variation, and reduced side effects. Overall, these characteristics of aptamers have attracted scholars to use them as molecular probes in place of antibodies, with some aptamer-based targeting products being now available in the market. The present review is aimed at discussing the potential of aptamers as probes in molecular biology and in super-resolution microscopy.
Onychomadesis: Clinical Image

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Reza Bidaki1, Narges Ghanei2, Ardakani ME2 1Research Center of Addiction and Behavioral Sciences, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran 2Department of Dermatology, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Corresponding author: Narges Ghanei, Department of Dermatology, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran, Tel: +983538220000; Email: Nargesgh73@yahoo.com Received date: Mar 04, 2016; Accepted date: Mar 06, 2016; Published date: Mar 11, 2016 Copyright: © 2016 Bidaki R, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Citation: Bidaki R, Ghanei N, Ardakani ME. Onychomadesis: Clinical Image. Skin Dis Skin Care. 2016, 1: 1. Arrest of nail matrix is commonly occurred following some of systemic diseases, psychological stress or drug exposures. When nail matrix arrest partially produce transverse ridging of the nail plate (Beau's lines), and onychomadesis is longer-term nail growth stopping or complete nail matrix arrest causes to nail shedding from the proximal part [1]. All three parents were anxious but we haven’t document about the role of stress anxiety as trigger or reinforce of this rare disease in children. Onychomadesis is presented in three patients as a result of hand-foot-mouth disease. All children showed history of infection as fever and upper respiratory tract infection. They involved with oral rash and cutaneous rash in buttock, hands and feet.
Book Reviews

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Book reviewed in this article Das menschliche Knockenmark. By KARL ROHR. Hemophilia and other Hemorrhagic States. Ed. KENNETH M. BRINKHOUS. University of North Carolina Press; Oxford University Press, London, 1959. 226 pp. 60s. Haemophilic Diseases in Denmark. By KNUD‐ERIK SjøLIN, 1961. Handbuch der gesamten Hämatologie, Volume 3: Spezielle Hämatologie, Ist part. Ed. L. HEILMEYER and A. HITTMAIR, 1960. Praktikum der Immunhämatologie. By H. H. HENNEMANN. Georg Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart, 2nd edn., 1960. Protein Biosynthesis. Ed. R. J. C. HARRIS. Clinical Haematology. By R. D. EASTHAM. Bleeding Syndromes. By OSCAR D. RATNOFF. Charles C Thomas, Springfield, Illinois: Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 1960. A Short Textbook of Haematology. By R. B. THOMPSON.
Materials Data on Sm2(N4O9)3 by Materials Project

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Sm2(N4O9)3 crystallizes in the cubic P4_132 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Sm3+ is bonded to twelve O2- atoms to form corner-sharing SmO12 cuboctahedra. There are a spread of Sm–O bond distances ranging from 2.52–2.70 Å. There are three inequivalent N4+ sites. In the first N4+ site, N4+ is bonded in a linear geometry to two equivalent O2- atoms. Both N–O bond lengths are 1.91 Å. In the second N4+ site, N4+ is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to three O2- atoms. There are a spread of N–O bond distances ranging from 1.26–1.28 Å. In the third N4+ site, N4+ is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to three O2- atoms. There is two shorter (1.25 Å) and one longer (1.31 Å) N–O bond length. There are five inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one Sm3+ and one N4+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one Sm3+ and one N4+ atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a water-like geometry to two N4+ atoms. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to two equivalent Sm3+ and one N4+ atom. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Sm3+ and one N4+ atom.
SH3241813.08FU

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.
Nature of the hypoblastic influence on the chick embryo epiblast

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Stage XIII chick blastoderms deprived of the marginal zone, the area opaca and the posterior half of the hypoblast, when incubated further developed axes whose orientation in 50 % of the cases was according to the original blastoderm’s orientation, whilst in 50 % of the cases they developed at 90° from the posterior side. Those results illustrate the quantitative differences in inductivity between the anterior and the posterior hypoblastic halves. Normally the posterior region has the highest effect but other regions can also bring about the development of an embryonic axis if allowed to act upon the epiblast for a sufficiently long period of time. The possible ways in which a chick hypoblast influences the epiblast to develop an embryo are examined in the light of recent findings and of new experiments described below.