jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Professional Competence of Extension Personnel in Karnataka State of India

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The study examines the level of professional competence among agricultural extension personnel in the Karnataka state of India. The study population was composed of agricultural extension personnel in development departments and Krishi Vigyan Kendra’s (Farm science center). During 2021-2022, 285 extension personnel completed self administered surveys. The design for the data collection instrument was based on a literature review and focus group recommendations. The findings showed that respondents thought they were highly competent in the areas of program evaluation, organizational skills, human relations skills, and communication skills and moderately competent in the areas of knowledge, administration, teamwork, leadership, program planning, and implementation. Respondents’ competency differed by their cadre also; ADAs, ADHs, and SMSs had high competence levels than their counterparts- AOs, AAOs, and AHOs. The findings imply that there is a need for in-service training of extension professionals in all core competency areas. Pre-service extension education curricula need to be reviewed and updated, incorporating the core competencies highlighted in the study.
Endo-ß-mannanase enzyme activity in the structures of Coffea arabica L. seeds under different types of processing and drying.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Enzymes play a fundamental role in degradation of molecules during seed germination, development, and deterioration. Endo-&#946;-mannanase is one of the main enzymes responsible for hydrolysis of mannans in the endosperm during germination of coffee seeds through its action in hydrolytic degradation of cell walls and in weakening the structures of the endosperm that surround the embryo, allowing radicle emergence. The aim of this study was to determine the activity of the endo-&#946;-mannanase enzyme in the structures of coffee seeds for the purpose of assessing the relationship between this activity and the physiological quality of the seeds under different processing and drying methods. Coffea arabica L. fruit in the cherry maturity stage was subjected to three different types of processing: natural (seeds maintained in the fruit itself), fully washed (fruit pulped mechanically and the seeds demucilaged by fermentation in water), and semi-washed or demucilaged (both fruit pulp and mucilage removed mechanically); and two methods of drying: slow drying (suspended screen) in the shade, and rapid drying in mechanical dryer at 35°C to a moisture content of 11±1%. After processing and drying, the physiological quality of the seeds was evaluated through the germination test, and endo-&#946;-mannanase enzyme activity was quantified. Coffee seeds submitted to natural processing have lower physiological performance, as well as greater deterioration and greater activity of the endo-ß-mannanase enzyme. Removal of mucilage during fully washed and semi-washed processing of coffee seeds reduces the activity of the endo-ß-mannanase enzyme and lowers deterioration, especially after faster drying. The enzyme endo-ß-mannanase is efficient in studying of the effects of processing and drying on coffee seeds, and can be evaluated in whole seeds, endosperms or embryos.
In Vivo Fate of Biomimetic Mixed Micelles as Nanocarriers for Bioavailability Enhancement of Lipid–Drug Conjugates

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The transformation of lipid-based nanovehicles into mixed micelles (MMs) upon lipolysis plays an indispensable role in enhancement of the oral bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs. Therefore, this study employs biomimetic MMs as functional vehicles to enhance the oral bioavailability of the lipid conjugates of a model drug silybin. The main objective is to explore the in vivo fate and underlying mechanisms of facilitated absorption by MMs. Pharmacokinetics in rats indicate bioavailability enhancement by 7-9 folds as compared to a fast-release silybin solid dispersion formulation. Confocal laser scanning microscopy reveals evidence of cellular uptake of integral MMs into the cytoplasm of both Caco-2 and Caco-2/HT29-MTX coculture cells lines. The recovery of a definite amount of prototype silybin but negligible or traces of lipid-silybin conjugates from the cells, as well as the limited trans-monolayer transport, confirms fast disruption of MMs and fast degradation of the conjugates as well. The MMs survive the gastrointestinal environment with relatively high integrity for about 4 h, and are found accumulating in intestinal villi surface layers in higher density but in lower density to the basolateral tissues. By scanning the organs, a small amount of integral MMs are observed to distribute mainly to the livers with peak time around 4-8 h. The total amount of lymphatic absorption monitored by cannulation is negligible. It is concluded that biomimetic MMs might be taken up by enterocytes and be digested there to release the prototype drug, which is further transported to the circulation, and only a limited amount of integral MMs could be absorbed into the circulation.
New data and notes on the distribution of Lioderina linearis (Hampe, 1870) (Cerambycidae: Callidiini) in Bulgaria

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Gradinarov, Denis, Sivilov, Ognyan (2017): New data and notes on the distribution of Lioderina linearis (Hampe, 1870) (Cerambycidae: Callidiini) in Bulgaria. ZooNotes 2017 (102): 1-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.12807231
Learning approach from the invariants of earthen construction in Andalusia, Spain.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The current approach to the conservation of heritage resources in earthen construction, promotes its social valuation and contributes to the recuperation of traditional architectural practices. European Higher Education Area (EHEA) provides the convenient structure to apply locally the architectural conditionings influenced by popular traditions. These particular components offer invariants on construction, materials and design composition off Andalusian vernacular architecture. It is in this context where the opportunity to introduce new subjects of study related to these architectural building techniques and its materials lies. The same thing happens in response to the need of a better relationship between the environment and the important opening to a great diversion of professional specialties. This paper describes the processes to follow during the subject study, in order to start the analysis of the building, including all agents related to the implementation of this architectural technique. Exposed this reflection, it is appropriate to redirect and expand the knowledge of these materials and systems that nowadays has been claimed by contemporary architecture through sustainable social solutions. The existing documentary archaeological and historical sources, and makes the approach easier; however they are insufficient in the context of contemporary architecture. It can be made the same consideration, from a normative point of view, which offers an unsuitable prescriptive content for the use of this material and the associated building systems. So, the situation suites to reflect and to propose actions from learning and teaching area and from all agents on the sector. In this paper, we expose the strategy fallowed by the authors, in order to revalue the earth from the constructive systems to its dissemination as a current material. 1.2 Architecture context of Andalusia Andalusian architectural conditionings, where it can be clearly distinguish two predominant uses of raw earth construction techniques, the domestic residential and the monumental. On residential buildings, housing solutions directly excavated on rock mass with adobe walls in the facade stands out, is been currently resolved with BTC. These buildings can be found mainly in medium and high areas of Alpujarra, between Jaen, Almeria and Granada.
Interpolating aliased end-on GPR data

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

This work addresses the almost unavoidable aliasing that lingers on wide-aperture multichannel GPR data. That arises from a practical limitation imposed by the currently available instrumentation. Here we present a feasible methodology in which we assemble a limited number of collinear fixed-offset profiles into sparse end-on gathers followed by trace interpolation. The latter is a mandatory step due to the heavily aliased characteristics of the assembled wide-aperture data. We use here an adaptive prediction-error filtering and a regularized nonstationary regression to interpolate data gaps on sparse end-on gathers. PEFs are estimated in t-x (time-space) domain, more robust against spurious events in the presence of eventual noise. The interpolation methodology is first tested on a decimated, otherwise alias-free end-on gather. The technique can interpolate back 80% of the traces previously muted with minimal noise. We next use the same technique on heavily aliased end-on gathers assembled from 7 collinear fixed-offset profiles. For that we take advantage of the fact filter coefficients are estimated through solving a global least-squares problem to impose an independent estimated PEF from a dense nonaliased independent gather to regularize the inversion problem. This step is crucial because the aliased gather is so sparse that the minimization procedure would not converge at all otherwise. We also show that different interpolated gathers obtained through that procedure remain independent of each other.
MASSUGU2 Encodes Aux/IAA19, an Auxin-Regulated Protein That Functions Together with the Transcriptional Activator NPH4/ARF7 to Regulate Differential Growth Responses of Hypocotyl and Formation of Lateral Roots in Arabidopsis thaliana

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

We have isolated a dominant, auxin-insensitive mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana, massugu2 (msg2), that displays neither hypocotyl gravitropism nor phototropism, fails to maintain an apical hook as an etiolated seedling, and is defective in lateral root formation. Yet other aspects of growth and development of msg2 plants are almost normal. These characteristics of msg2 are similar to those of another auxin-insensitive mutant, non-phototropic hypocotyl4 (nph4), which is a loss-of-function mutant of AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR7 (ARF7) (Harper et al., 2000). Map-based cloning of the MSG2 locus reveals that all four mutant alleles result in amino acid substitutions in the conserved domain II of an Auxin/Indole-3-Acetic Acid protein, IAA19. Interestingly, auxin inducibility of MSG2/IAA19 gene expression is reduced by 65% in nph4/arf7. Moreover, MSG2/IAA19 protein binds to the C-terminal domain of NPH4/ARF7 in a Saccharomyces cerevisiae (yeast) two-hybrid assay and to the whole latter protein in vitro by pull-down assay. These results suggest that MSG2/IAA19 and NPH4/ARF7 may constitute a negative feedback loop to regulate differential growth responses of hypocotyls and lateral root formation.
SH0971564.09FU

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.
The functional changes of T lymphocytes from aged mice lymph nodes

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

The proliferation response of lymphocytes was determined by ~(3)H-thymidine incorporation. ~(3)H-valine incorporation was used to determine protein synthesis capability. IL-2 activity was measured by CTLL-20 cell (IL-2 dependent cell line) proliferation. After ConA-stimulation, the proliferation response of lymphocytes from lymph nodes of aged mice (27-month-old and 20-month-old) declined by 65.6% and 36.8%, respectively, as compared with young mice (4-month-old). Total protein synthesis decreased by 40.2% and 48.9%. IL-2 activity declined by 36.6% and 71.5%. Meanwhile, IL-2 protein synthesis markedly decreased. The results showed that the lymphocyte proliferation, total protein synthesis IL-2 activity and IL-2 protein synthesis from aged mice lymph nodes markedly decreased. These results demonstrate that lymphocytes from lymph nodes and spleen of aged mice has the similar function defects.
Introducing DNA Sequencing to the Next Generation on a Research Vessel Sailing the Bering Sea Through a Storm

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Experiential learning in the field is an opportunity for students to enter the heart of a scientific discipline. Through such experience, they can extract conceptual clues and discover motivational stepping stones that will potentially influence the rest of their education and career choice. Unfortunately, in Biology, the inescapable topic of Next-Generation Sequencing represents a challenge when it comes to create an educational curriculum that aims to provide students with hands-on experience on sequencers. It is an even more difficult task to accomplish if one&rsquo;s purpose was to set such curriculum in a field situation. However, in recent years, educators have seen possibility to bring Next-Generation Sequencing to the reach of students more easily, with the Oxford Nanopore MinION, a low-budget, user-friendly, hand-held sequencer. Academic researchers have illustrated the performances of this device in the field and are inspirational for curricula aiming to take the next generation of scientists in the outdoors. We designed a modular 5-day workshop, with nanopore sequencing to be performed in field conditions. Here we describe the material and methods that lead the students and instructors from sample collection, DNA extraction and preparation for nanopore sequencing with MinION to real-time analysis of the data collected. This curriculum was implemented for the first-time aboard Research Vessel Sikuliaq during a transit organized by the STEMSEAS program at Columbia University in collaboration with the University of Alaska BLaST program. The line of investigation formulated for the workshop was an open-ended question that led the students to establish a proof of concept in terms of technology deployment at sea: what will show metagenomic results from DNA obtained from sea water and sequenced with Oxford Nanopore MinION? The workshop took place in October 2018 while Research Vessel Sikuliaq sailed the Alaskans seas for 7 days. Students successfully used nanopore sequencing for multiple metagenomic seawater samples. Their introductory analysis was consistent with environmental conditions and they were able to present their results by the end of the workshop.
JOSÉ VERÍSSIMO, A BRAZILIAN CLASSIC: SCHOOL ANTHOLOGY AS LITERARY CANONIZATION AND TRAINING OF READERS

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

ABSTRACT This article analyzes the school anthology "José Veríssimo - Crítica", selection and critical study of Olívio Montenegro, edited by Editora Agir, in the collection "Nossos Clássicos" (1958) as a form of reception and selection of the literary studies of the extensive historical, educational, ethnographic and literary work of José Veríssimo. It is argued that this school anthology recorded the process of literary canonization of José Veríssimo as literary critic and, from this, produced the process of formation of readers by joining a key of reading on the work of José Veríssimo: the transformation into Brazilian classic in the consecration of the literary critic - contributing to a bibliographical silence about his studies dedicated to society and the nineteenth century Amazonian culture.
Whole-exome sequencing as a diagnostic tool: current challenges and future opportunities

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Whole-exome sequencing (WES) represents a significant breakthrough in the field of human genetics. This technology has largely contributed to the identification of new disease-causing genes and is now entering clinical laboratories. WES represents a powerful tool for diagnosis and could reduce the ‘diagnostic odyssey’ for many patients. In this review, we present a technical overview of WES analysis, variants annotation and interpretation in a clinical setting. We evaluate the usefulness of clinical WES in different clinical indications, such as rare diseases, cancer and complex diseases. Finally, we discuss the efficacy of WES as a diagnostic tool and the impact on patient management.
Auton Robot DOI 10.1007/s10514-015-9429-0 Collision avoidance for aerial vehicles in multi-agent scenarios

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract This article describes an investigation of local motion planning, or collision avoidance, for a set of decision-making agents navigating in 3D space. The method is applicable to agents which are heterogeneous in size, dynam-ics and aggressiveness. It builds on the concept of velocity obstacles (VO), which characterizes the set of trajectories that lead to a collision between interacting agents. Motion conti-nuity constraints are satisfied by using a trajectory tracking controller and constraining the set of available local trajec-tories in an optimization. Collision-free motion is obtained by selecting a feasible trajectory from the VO’s complement, where reciprocity can also be encoded. Three algorithms for local motion planning are presented—(1) a centralized con-vex optimization in which a joint quadratic cost function is minimized subject to linear and quadratic constraints, (2) a distributed convex optimization derived from (1), and (3) a centralized non-convex optimization with binary variables in which the global optimum can be found, albeit at higher com-putational cost. A complete system integration is described and results are presented in experiments with up to four phys-ical quadrotors flying in close proximity, and in experiments with two quadrotors avoiding a human. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s10514-015-9429-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Model of Fluorescent Signal Generation from an Intercalating Dye in the Course of a Polymerase Chain Reaction

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

A number of models of the polymerase chain reaction have been suggested to date with the aim of gaining exact quantitative estimates for reaction products. These models usually identify the reaction product kinetics with a kinetics of fluorescence reporter. Here, a model of polymerase chain reaction is suggested in which the results of the reaction are detected using an intercalating dye. Simulation data indicate a significant discrepancy between the reaction product kinetics and the fluorescent signal from a bonded intercalator.
MRI diagnosis of Virchow-Robin spaces

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: To analyze MRI imaging characteristics of Virchow-Robin spaces(VRS),so as to improve differential diagnosis with other diseases.Methods:85 cases of VRS were collected randomly,all patients underwent MRI routine scan and diffusion weighted imaging(DWI),11 patients underwent enhanced MRI scan.Results:VRS showed bilateral or unilateral,anterior commissure of basal level was the most common,followed by semi oval center,external capsule,brain stem and cerebellar dentate nuclei next.In the anterior commissure of basal level,the lesions presented dot-shaped,oval,the angles between big VRS major axis and cerebrum midline were approximately 50-70°.Lesions shaped strip or dot in the semi-oval center,it was vertical like in sagital imaging;brain stem lesions were crack-like.All lesions were isointens relative to CSF with clear borderline,and with no enhancement after injection contrast agent.Conclusion:Most VRS have some characteristic manifestations on MRI.It's easy to identify with other diseases.
Computational Structural Reliability Analysis of a Turbine Blade

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A system reliability methodology has recently been developed to determine accurately and efficiently the reliability of structures with multiple failure modes. This paper explores the computational implementation and application of the methodology through the structural system reliability calculation of a turbine blade subject to randomness in material properties. Failure due to creep, stress overload, and vibration is considered. The methodology consists of a probabilistic system reliability analysis methodology integrated with finite element methods. The failure paths and failure modes are organized using a fault tree. An efficient method for assessing the reliability of a single failure mode, i.e., component reliability, is implemented as well as an efficient adaptive importance sampling method to assess the system reliability. A probabilistic structural analysis program, NESSUS, is used for the calculations.
Trait Association and Path Analysis for Cassava Genotypes in Four Agroecological Zones of Nigeria

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The associations among different traits and their direct and indirect influence on yield using the path analysis and correlation procedures were examined in 20 broad-based cassava genotypes to understand how inter-character relationships influences root yield. Field evaluation was carried out in 4 agroecological zones of Nigeria for two cropping seasons. Data were collected on morphological and yield parameters such as plant height, stem girth, canopy volume, shoot weight, leaf size, number of roots, root size and root yield. Results showed that root parameters such as medium-sized roots with correlation coefficient (r) of 0.95, number of roots (r = 0.91) and small-sized roots (r = 0.77) were highly significantly (p< 0.001) correlated) with root yield. Path analysis revealed that number of roots had the largest direct effect on root yield with a direct path coefficient effect (P) of 0.61, accounting for 86% of the total direct + indirect effects, followed by number of medium-sized roots (p = 0.23), that accounted for 79.2% of the total direct + indirect effects. Small-sized roots had a negative direct effect on root yield (p = -1.21) but a positive indirect effect (p = 1.91) via number of roots. Number of storage roots and medium-sized roots both contributed the largest influence on storage root yield in cassava. These parameters should, therefore, be considered together while selecting for cassava genotypes with higher storage root yield potentials.