jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Sensitivity of Cross-Trained Deep CNNs for Retinal Vessel Extraction

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Automatic segmentation of vascular network is a critical step in quantitatively characterizing vessel remodeling in retinal images and other tissues. We proposed a deep learning architecture consists of 14 layers to extract blood vessels in fundoscopy images for the popular standard datasets DRIVE and STARE. Experimental results show that our CNN characterized by superior identifying for the foreground vessel regions. It produces results with sensitivity higher by 10% than other methods when trained by the same data set and more than 1% with cross training (trained on DRIVE, tested with STARE and vice versa). Further, our results have better accuracy $> 0 .95$% compared to state of the art algorithms.
Removal of Organic Sulfur from Coal by Wheat Straw Ash and Potassium Ferric Hexacyanoferrat (II)

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This study is an attempt to desulfurize organic sulfur from coal samples with potassium ferric hexacyanoferrate (II), KFe[Fe(CN)6] and wheat straw ash, as the desulfurization agents. Effect of temperature, particle size and stirring time on desulfurization from the coal samples has been investigated. The temperature and stirring time are the most important parameters for the yield of desulfurization of organic sulfur. Removal of organic sulfur content increased continuously with increasing temperature from 298 to 368 K for potassium ferric hexacyanoferrate (II), and from 350 tO 600 K for wheat straw ash. The organic sulfur removal rate sharply increases from 10 min to 25 min stirring time. After 30 min it reaches a value of plateau. Particle size between −100 mesh and −200 mesh slightly affects on the amount of organic sulfur removal. Maximum removed sulfur values were 23.4% at 368 K for potassium ferric hexacyanoferrate (II) method and 38.2% at 600 K for wheat straw ash method. The wheat straw ash method was more effective than potassium ferric hexacyanoferrate (II) method.
Anemia after kidney transplantation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Anemia is a major cardiovascular riskfactor in renal disease. It might be appropriate toextrapolate this association of anemia with cardiovasculardisease to renal transplant recipients who continue tohave a significant cardiovascular risk.The aim of our study was to elucidate the prevalence andrisk factors of anemia after kidney transplantation.Methods: We studied 118 stable adult kidney transplantrecipients [age at transplant ranged between 22 and 58,42 12], 74 (62.7%) were males and 44 were females(37.3%) who received allograft between December 1998and October 2008 and had at least 1 year of posttransplantfollow up data at Sugar Medical Center,Theodor Bilharz Research Institute (TBRI), and HealthInsurance Organization Cairo. Hemoglobin (Hb) level at6 months, and 1 year after renal transplantation wasrecorded, the eGFR was calculated using the MDRDformula. Risk factors for anemia were evaluated usingunivariate and multivariate regression analysis.Results: Anemia (Hb <12 g/dl in females and <13 g/dl inmales) was common (28.8% at 6 months, 31.4% at 1year). Significant anemia (Hb <11 g/dl in females and<12 g/dl in males) was also common (15.3% at 6 months,16.8% at 1 year). Severe anemia (Hb <10 g/dl in bothgenders) at 6 months post-transplant was less commonaffecting 4 out of 118 (3.4%) patients. At 1 year, 8 out of118 (6.8%) had severe anemia. Univariate andmultivariate analysis showed that a higher serumcreatinine level and lower eGFR were significant riskfactors at 6 months and 1 year post transplant. At 1 year,in addition to higher creatinine level and lower eGFR,female gender and immunosuppressive drugs(azathioprine and sirolimus) also were significant riskfactors.Conclusions: Anemia is common during the first yearafter kidney transplantation. High serum creatinine, loweGFR, female gender and immunosuppressive drugs[azathioprine, sirolimus] are independent risk factors forpost-transplant anemia.
HaploSweep: Detecting and Distinguishing Recent Soft and Hard Selective Sweeps through Haplotype Structure

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Identifying soft selective sweeps using genomic data is a challenging yet crucial task in population genetics. In this study, we present HaploSweep, a novel method for detecting and categorizing soft and hard selective sweeps based on haplotype structure. Through simulations spanning a broad range of selection intensities, softness levels, and demographic histories, we demonstrate that HaploSweep outperforms iHS, nSL, and H12 in detecting soft sweeps. HaploSweep achieves high classification accuracy—0.9247 for CHB, 0.9484 for CEU, and 0.9829 YRI—when applied to simulations in line with the human Out-of-Africa demographic model. We also observe that the classification accuracy remains consistently robust across different demographic models. Additionally, we introduce a refined method to accurately distinguish soft shoulders adjacent to hard sweeps from soft sweeps. Application of HaploSweep to genomic data of CHB, CEU, and YRI populations from the 1000 genomes project has led to the discovery of several new genes that bear strong evidence of population-specific soft sweeps (HRNR, AMBRA1, CBFA2T2, DYNC2H1, and RANBP2 etc.), with prevalent associations to immune functions and metabolic processes. The validated performance of HaploSweep, demonstrated through both simulated and real data, underscores its potential as a valuable tool for detecting and comprehending the role of soft sweeps in adaptive evolution.
Major Depressive Disorder: Symptomatic Response to Probiotic Therapy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose: The purpose of this article is to review the use of probiotic therapy in major depressive disorder (MDD) and its effectiveness in symptom improvement. Method: A PubMed literature search was conducted using search terms including: depression, probiotics, serotonin, microbiome. Results: Multiple studies including systematic reviews, randomized controlled trials, and scientific reviews found a positive response to the use of probiotics in improving symptoms of major depressive disorder. Conclusion: Upon literature review, it is evident that the use of probiotics can produce symptom relief in certain types of clinical depression. This offers another potential realm of therapeutic options for those suffering from depression that may be limited in the types of therapies they are able to use. Data supporting the use of probiotics for certain types of depression also indicates a relationship between mind-gut health. More research is needed on this topic to better understand the mechanisms of depression and the the gut's role in this disease process.
The facilitating effects of KRT80 on chemoresistance, lipogenesis, and invasion of esophageal cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Keratin 80 (KRT80) is a filament protein that makes up one of the major structural fibers of epithelial cells, and involved in cell differentiation and epithelial barrier integrity. Here, KRT80 mRNA expression was found to be higher in esophageal cancer than normal epithelium by RT-PCR and bioinformatics analysis (p < .05), opposite to KRT80 methylation (p < .05). There was a negative relationship between promoter methylation and expression level of KRT80 gene in esophageal cancer (p < .05). KRT80 mRNA expression was positively correlated with the differentiation, infiltration of immune cells, and poor prognosis of esophageal cancer (p < .05). KRT80 mRNA expression was positively linked to no infiltration of immune cells, the short survival time of esophageal cancers (p < .05). The differential genes of KRT80 mRNA were involved in fat digestion and metabolism, peptidase inhibitor, and intermediate filament, desosome, keratinocyte differentiation, epidermis development, keratinization, ECM regulator, complement cascade, metabolism of vitamins and co-factor (p < .05). KRT-80-related genes were classified into endocytosis, cell adhesion molecule binding, cadherin binding, cell-cell junction, cell leading edge, epidermal cell differentiation and development, T cell differentiation and receptor complex, plasma membrane receptor complex, external side of plasma membrane, metabolism of amino acids and catabolism of small molecules, and so forth (p < .05). KRT80 knockdown suppressed anti-apoptosis, anti-pyroptosis, migration, invasion, chemoresistance, and lipogenesis in esophageal cancer cells (p < .05), while ACC1 and ACLY overexpression reversed the inhibitory effects of KRT80 on lipogenesis and chemoresistance. These findings indicated that up-regulated expression of KRT80 might be involved in esophageal carcinogenesis and subsequent progression, aggravate aggressive phenotypes, and induced chemoresistance by lipid droplet assembly and ACC1- and ACLY-mediated lipogenesis.
Prediction of Mechanical Properties of Hot Rolled Strip Based on DBN and Composite Quantile Regression

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Tensile strength is a common mechanical property index in strip quality testing. In order to solve the problem of prediction accuracy of mechanical properties of hot rolled strip, a deep belief network and a composite quantile regression model (Deep Belief Network and Composite Quantile Regression, DBN-CQR19) are proposed to predict the tensile strength of hot rolled strip. The model fully considers the robustness of quantile regression, combines the advantage that DBN can learn more abstract hidden layer information from low layer data, and further improves the structure of neural network by using Cuckoo Search (CS) algorithm. The empirical results show that the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), root mean squared error (RMSE) and mean absolute error (MAE) of the test set of the model are 2.5112, 21.3855 and 13.3780 respectively. The prediction accuracy is higher than that of traditional BP neural network (BPNN), quantile regression neural network (QRNN) and deep belief network (DBN).
M12-999:ABT-450/r/ABT-267+ABT-333+Ribavirin in Liver Transplant Recipients With Recurrent HCV Genotype 1 Infection.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Recurrence of HCV infection after liver transplantation is a primary cause of graft loss. ABT-450 is an NS3/4A protease inhibitor(dosed with ritonavir, ABT-450/r) identified by AbbVie and Enanta. ABT-267 is an NS5A inhibitor; ABT-333 is an NS5B polymerase inhibitor. We examined safety/efficacy of the interferon-free ABT-450/r/ABT-267+ABT-333+ribavirin(3D+RBV) regimen in liver transplant(LTX) recipients with recurrent HCV genotype(GT) 1 infection. In this ongoing open-label phase 2 study, non-cirrhotic LTX recipients with recurrent HCV GT1 infection received 3D+RBV for 24 wks. Patients(pts) were≥12 months post-LTX and treatment-naïve after LTX, with a Metavir score
THE EFFECT OF DL-ALANINE DOPING ON FERROELECTRIC PROPERTIES OF TGS MONOCRYSTALS

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The ferroelectric properties of TGS single crystals doped with DL-alanine are
investigated by measuring the direction of polarization and the hysteresis loops and
observing the ferroelectric domain. It is found that the crystal slices far from the seeds
are of monodomain except the fringe. The domain boundaries are observed. The
detectivity of pyroelectric detectors made with greater part of DL-ATGS crystals is as
high as with LATGS crystals.
Responsive Teaching: Differences in Primary Mathematics Teachers’ State of Awareness and Reflections on own Teaching

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper contributes to research in responsive teaching in a context of collaborative discussion using video stimulated recall (VSR) techniques. The aim was to gain deeper understanding of the kinds of teachers' reflective awareness that prompts changes (or lack of change) in responsive primary mathematics teaching. Using a case study methodology, I analysed the VSR interviews of two teachers who demonstrated different patterns of changes in responsive teaching. The findings revealed two distinct and complementary forms of evidence of states of awareness and reflections that support change in responsive teaching practices: (a) teachers acknowledging limitations of their practice; and (b) teachers expanding repertoires of tasks and example spaces. These two forms of evidence provide insights into ways of supporting primary mathematics teaching in the context of VSR techniques. The implication of these findings is that for effective use of VSR interviews, attention should be geared towards getting a teacher to acknowledge the limitations of her practice, and through reflection-oriented questions to encourage the teacher to expand task and example space to respond to the limitations noted within the teacher's practice.
Supplemental Figures S3-5 from The BET Bromodomain Inhibitor OTX015 Affects Pathogenetic Pathways in Preclinical B-cell Tumor Models and Synergizes with Targeted Drugs

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

<p>Supplemental Figures S3-5. Supplemental Figures S3: the gene expression changes induced by OTX015 in DLBCL cell lines. Supplemental Figures S4: network of genes affected by OTX015. Supplemental Figures S5: similar biologic effects of OTX015 and JQ1.</p>
Phosphate reuse in a microbial fuel cell

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The growing concern over global energy supplies has spurred much research into sustainable energy sources such as biomass energy. The microbial fuel cell (MFC) is a promising technology that generates electricity from the biologically mediated breakdown of organic substrates. These include acetate, glucose or even wastewater, allowing the use of readily available and sustainable energy sources. A prime limitation in MFC application is the development of a pH gradient when a membrane is used to separate the anode and cathode compartment. This pH gradient creates a barrier to charge transport, causing a loss of voltage and power density. Phosphate buffer solution (PBS) is commonly added to MFCs to control pH changes during operation. However, the cost and disposal issues of PBS remain a source of concern. A 3-chamber glucose-fed MFC with an anion exchange membrane (AEM) and cation exchange membrane (CEM) was used to investigate the extraction of PBS from used MFC anolyte, with a view to recycling PBS for subsequent batches. In proof-of-concept experiments, the middle compartment of the MFC was used to contain 0.05 M PBS. During MFC operation, the ions in the middle compartment were separated into the cathode and anode chambers, due to electrokinetic force. This allowed for the transfer of phosphate into the anolyte, which did not contain PBS in the beginning. A maximum voltage of 0.0293 V and power density of 0.794 W/m2 using a 1 kΩ external resistance was attained during operation of the MFC. At the same time, phosphate concentration at the anolyte increased 5-7 times. The pH change at the anode registered a marginal drop of 3.4%. The phosphate migration across the AEM was found to be mainly diffusion-driven, but electrokinetic force achieved an increase of 25% anode phosphate concentration. However, the rate of phosphate accumulation was found to be insufficient to establish significant buffer capacity at the anode. Nevertheless, these results demonstrate the potential for MFCs to perform ion removal similar to electrodialysis, but without the need for external power sources.
Permanent Implantation of Electrodes in Spinal Cord for Obtaining Spontaneous Action Potentials.

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

A technic has been described for the implantation of permanent fine wire electrodes in the spinal cord of animals. These electrodes permit oscillographic analysis of spontaneous cord action potentials in an un-anesthetized freely moving animal over a long period of time. The usefulness of this technic in studying animals with movement abnormalities has been indicated.
Factors influencing ethical decisions made by NTU accountancy students

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This research paper proposes six factors that may affect the ethical decisions made by accountancy students, who are the future accountants in the working world. The factors investigated are religion, gender, education, likelihood of wrongdoings being detected, severity of punishment, and peer pressure. A survey was carried out on accountancy students in Nanyang Technological University and results showed that religion, gender, likelihood of wrongdoings being detected and peer pressure (positive and negative) significantly influenced the ethical decisions made by respondents.
Narrowband ultraviolet B versus psoralen plus ultraviolet A therapy for severe plaque psoriasis: an Indian perspective

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Summary There is a dearth of studies comparing the efficacy of psoralen ultraviolet A (PUVA) and narrowband (NB)-UVB in psoriasis in South Asian patients. Patients having plaque psoriasis with &gt; 20% body surface area involvement were randomly assigned to one of two groups (group A: NB-UVB, group B: PUVA). The response to treatment was assessed by the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) at baseline and every 2 weeks thereafter. The maximum possible treatment duration was 16 weeks. In total, 43 patients (21 NB-UVB, 22 PUVA) completed the study. Marked improvement was seen in 80.9% of the patients in group A and 81.8% in group B (NS: P &gt; 0.05). The mean ± SD time taken to achieve marked improvement was 9.9 ± 3.3 and 9.9 ± 3.5 weeks, respectively. In total, 29 patients were available for the analysis of the remission data at 6 months after treatment completion; 26.7% of the patients in group A and 42.8% in group B were in remission (NS: P &gt; 0.05). Both methods seem to be equally effective in achieving clearance and maintaining remission of severe chronic plaque psoriasis in patients with Fitzpatrick skin type 4 and 5.
Nonnegative Ricci curvature, stability at infinity and finite generation of fundamental groups

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We study the fundamental group of an open $n$-manifold $M$ of nonnegative\nRicci curvature. We show that if there is an integer $k$ such that any tangent\ncone at infinity of the Riemannian universal cover of $M$ is a metric cone,\nwhose maximal Euclidean factor has dimension $k$, then $\\pi_1(M)$ is finitely\ngenerated. In particular, this confirms the Milnor conjecture for a manifold\nwhose universal cover has Euclidean volume growth and the unique tangent cone\nat infinity.\n
Box 8, Neg. No. 3154: Benton Family

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This black and white photograph features a portrait of the Benton family - Mrs. Benton, wearing a light blouse and a dark colored skirt, is sitting with her four granddaughters next to her; the two girls sitting in front are wearing dark colored dresses and the two girls standing in back are wearing light dresses. All the girls have bows in their hair. Mrs. Benton and grandchildren ordered the photograph.
Expression of progesterone-induced blocking factor in serum of patients with recurrent spontaneous abortion

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: To investigate the expression of progesterone-induced blocking factor(PIBF) in serum of patients with recurrent spontaneous abortion(RSA)and to study their clinical significance.Methods: The PIBF concentrations in serum of 56 RSA patients were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).64 normal pregnant women in the first trimester who wanted to abort were selected as controls.Results: PIBF concentrations in serum of RSA were significantly lower than those in normal control group(P0.05).Conclusion: PIBF was related to RSA.The decrease of the expression of PIBF in serum of RSA maybe one of the important cause of RSA.
The Influence of Brand Image, Brand Reputation on Purchase Decision of Thrift Clothing with Purchase Media Intention Towards Young People In Yogyakarta

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This research was conducted in Yogyakarta, aiming to analyze the influence of brand image and brand reputation on the purchase decision of thrift clothing with media purchase intention towards young people in Yogyakarta. This research is quantitative. The population in this study was young people in Yogyakarta, and the sample used was 130 respondents using a purposive sampling technique. The criteria for respondents in the sampling were consumers who had bought thrift clothing, were domiciled in the city of Yogyakarta, and were 17 years old and over. The data collection technique used in this study was a questionnaire. The data analysis technique used the Classical Assumption Test, normality test, multicollinearity test, heteroscedasticity test, multiple linear regression analysis, T-test, F test, determination coefficient test, and Sobel test. The results of this study indicate that brand image significantly affects clothing purchasing decisions for thrift youth in Yogyakarta. Brand reputation significantly affects the purchase decision of thrift clothing youth in Yogyakarta. Purchase Intention significantly affects the purchase decision of thrift clothing youth in Yogyakarta.
Dependence Modeling: Vine Copula Handbook

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

This book is a collaborative effort from three workshops held over the last three years, all involving principal contributors to the vine-copula methodology. Research and applications in vines have been growing rapidly and there is now a growing need to collate basic results, and standardize terminology and methods. Specifically, this handbook will (1) trace historical developments, standardizing notation and terminology, (2) summarize results on bivariate copulae, (3) summarize results for regular vines, and (4) give an overview of its applications. In addition, many of these results are new and not readily available in any existing journals. New research directions are also discussed
Current Relevance of Mahatma Gandhi's Political Views

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The research paper is current relevance of Mahatma Gandhi political views on the overall world impact on his political thought. For Gandhi ji morality and religion are two faces of the same coin from which neither of them can be separated. According to him, religion is to morality what watch is to seed that is sown in the soil. Thus morality and religion would go together Neither morality precedes religion nor religion precedes morality. They are intertwined and interdependent on each other. Morality emphasizes the relation of the individual to society and religion emphasizes the relation of individual to God. Gandhiji advocated that religion % and morality would pervade the whole of human life. He did not perceive religion as something more than morality. Morality is a way of life. Without it, we cannot respect and accept the rights of others. Gandhiji strictly followed morality in all his actions and performances. He tried to confine the national independent movement to the strict principle of Non-violence. It is the core of morality. And moreover, Gandhiji tried to moralize all religions and thereby to avoid hatred, fanaticism, and religious orthodoxy.
A Polarization-Reconfigurable Wideband High-Gain Antenna Using Liquid Metal Tuning

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This article presents a polarization-reconfigurable wideband high-gain antenna based on liquid metal tuning. The antenna consists of a center-feed circular patch antenna with a C-shaped slot as the driven element. To broaden the bandwidth and improve the realized gain, a parasitic circular disc and 13 circular directors are employed. The direction of polarization can be tuned by changing the location of the liquid metal alloy contained in the tube. The relationship between the dimensions and the maximally achievable gain has been analyzed. The antenna has exhibited a -10 dB impedance bandwidth from 4.3 to 5.3 GHz (a fractional bandwidth of 21.2%). A 14.4 dBi gain is achieved at 5.3 GHz. The simulation and measurement results show good agreement with each other.