jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Breeding origins and pattern of migration of BluethroatsLuscinia svecicawintering from Iberia to Senegal as revealed by stable isotopes

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Capsule: Stable isotope analyses reveal some degree of migratory connectivity of Bluethroat populations wintering from Iberia to West Africa.Aims: To identify the probable breeding origins of Bluethroats wintering from Iberia to Senegal.Methods: Bluethroat feathers (P1) were sampled from individuals at their wintering areas. These feathers were then analysed for stable H isotopes (δ2H). We assigned individual Bluethroats to approximate geographic origin using likelihood-based assignment procedures.Results: We observed spatial segregation between different Bluethroat populations. At wintering sites north of the Sahara Desert, Bluethroats wintering to the west came from further west origins than those which overwintered to the east. Bluethroats from central-eastern Europe overwintered either within the circum-Mediterranean region or in Senegal. We found no clear evidence supporting a sub-Saharan wintering range for birds breeding in Iberia (Luscinia svecica azuricollis subspecies).Conclusion: North of the Sahara Desert, we found what might be a parallel migration pattern. The apparent lack of Luscinia svecica namnetum Bluethroats in Senegal suggests to some extent some kind of leap-frog migration between some Luscinia svecica cyanecula populations and the L. s. namnetum subspecies.
Phase Properties and Wetting Transitions of Simple Gases on Graphite─Characteristic Temperatures of Monolayer Adsorbate

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Computer simulations were performed to study the characteristic transition temperatures of the adsorbate monolayer transitions on graphite and to determine the layering temperatures for higher layers at temperatures less than the bulk triple point temperature. Two models for graphite were studied to examine the effects of finite size of the graphene layer on the evolution of the characteristics of the monolayer, its boundary with the gas phase, and the resulting isotherm and isosteric heat versus loading. Both models give good agreement with experiment for the 2D-critical point and the 2D-triple point, but the finite model is more successful in representing the experimental isotherm and isosteric heat. Radial density distribution for the monolayer supports this, and it illustrates the manner in which the monolayer is compressed with loading, by mass transfer of molecules from the gas phase through the 1D-boundary of the 2D monolayer adsorbate. As the adsorbed phase grows beyond the monolayer, the structure of the thick adsorbed film was shown to lie between the crystalline structure and the dense supercooled liquid, as reflected in partial wetting, defined as finite loading of the adsorbed film at the bulk sublimation pressure.
A Scalable Strategy for Open Loop Magnetic Control of Microrobots Using Critical Points

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A novel scalable strategy for open loop control of ferromagnetic microrobots on a plane using a scalable array of electromagnets is presented. Instead of controlling the microrobot directly, we create equilibrium points in the magnetic force field that are stable and attractive on the plane in which the microrobot is to be controlled. The microrobot moves into these equilibrium points rapidly in presence of low viscous forces, and thus controlling the equilibrium points let us control the microrobot precisely. An unit/cell in the array of electromagnets allows precise control of the microrobot in the unit/cell’s domain. Motion synthesis across multiple overlapping domains allows control of the microrobot in large regions across the array. We perform numerical analysis and demonstrate the control of the ferromagnetic microrobot using the proposed method through simulations.
Marx’s Critical Turn

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This chapter describes the idea Karl Marx outlined on critique that is conceived as the question of history. According to Marx, it was not a matter of critique reduced to judgments within the realm of a philosophy of conscience. Rather, it was a matter of critique as a performative crisis of the relations of production, a crisis expressed in and as conscience, as well as its faculties and judgments. The chapter explains that for Marx, critique is a practical overthrow of the actual social relations that involves hitting and hand-to-hand fighting, a real breaking point that does not merely feed property relations but rather satisfies them by exceeding them. It points out that critique generates an overflow and transformation of pre-supposition that are not under circumstances that they themselves have chosen but under given and inherited circumstances.
Systemic Signs of an Unexpected Guest in a Case of Apparent Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding Leading to an Endoscopic Extraction of a Foreign Body: A Case Report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background and Clinical Significance: Upper gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding is a common emergency, typically requiring prompt intervention. This case report presents a unique situation where apparent GI bleeding was ultimately identified as anaphylaxis triggered by accidental wasp ingestion. Such cases are rare, underscoring the need for a broad differential diagnosis in atypical presentations. Case Presentation: A 53-year-old male with a history of heavy alcohol use presented with presumed acute hematemesis, hypotension, and tachycardia. An initial examination revealed mild anemia and elevated liver enzymes. An urgent upper GI endoscopy showed severe esophagitis with no signs of active or stigmata of recent bleeding; instead, two dead wasps were found in the gastric antrum. Further inquiry revealed that the patient had recently consumed a home-brewed alcoholic beverage, likely contaminated with the wasps. The patient’s symptoms were then attributed to anaphylaxis from venom exposure rather than hemorrhagic shock. The patient’s condition improved with antihistaminic therapy, and he was discharged with follow-up recommendations. Conclusions: This case highlights the importance of considering rare but critical diagnoses, such as insect-induced anaphylaxis, in patients presenting with presumed GI bleeding. It reinforces the value of thorough history taking, prompt endoscopy, and systematic management in assessing and treating atypical emergency presentations.
Congenital Tuberculosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Congenital tuberculosis may be defined as tuber- culosis occurring in infants as a result of infection with Myco.tuberculosis during intra-uterine life.ABDOMEN.There were 10 ml. of clear yellow fluid in the peritoneal cavity.White exudate was present on the peritoneal surface of the spleen, causing it to be matted to coils of small intestine.The mesenteric glands were not enlarged.LIVER.The liver (260 g.) contained a number of grey-yellow tubercles, measuring I to 3 mm. in diameter, 167
Drought stress intensifies the phytotoxicity of five Asteraceae exotic invasive plants

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract The phytotoxicity of exotic invasive plants (EIP) is vital for their successful invasion. At the family level, Asteraceae contains the largest number of EIP species in China. Drought stress may affect the phytotoxicity of EIP by altering the production and secretion of allelochemicals. Therefore, it is important to estimate the phytotoxicity of multiple EIP under drought stress. In this study, the phytotoxicity of five Asteraceae EIP, i.e., Solidago canadensis L., Aster subulatus Michx., Bidens pilosa L., Erigeron annuus (L.) Pers., and Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronq., were estimated using leaf extracts. Their effects on seed germination and seedling growth of the horticultural Asteraceae species Lactuca sativa L. under drought stress (simulated by polyethylene glycol-6000) were assessed. These five Asteraceae EIP, particularly S. canadensis , inhibited seed germination of L. sativa . Aster subulatus, B. pilosa, E. annuus , and C. canadensis increased seedling growth of L. sativa . The phytotoxicity of these five Asteraceae EIP decreased in the following order: S. canadensis > E. annuus > A. subulatus > B. pilosa ≈ C. canadensis . Drought stress intensified the phytotoxicity of all five Asteraceae EIP. The level of stress intensity mediated by these five Asteraceae EIP, particularly by S. canadensis, A. subulatus , and B. pilosa , increased with increasing degree of drought stress. Thus, an increasing growing degree of drought stress may accelerate the invasion process of these five Asteraceae EIP via the effects of intensified phytotoxicity on growth performance of adjacent species, particularly on seed germination and seedling growth.
Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of the TCP Genes in Jatropha curcas L. Reveals Its Roles in Involvement of Leaf Shape

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Jatropha curcas var. nigroviensrugosus CV Yang (Jn) exhibits wrinkled leaves and higher flowering and fruiting rates compared to Jatropha curcas L. (Jc). Teosinte branched1/Cincinnata/Proliferating cell factors (TCPs) are known to play crucial roles in plant development and physiological processes. However, it remains unknown whether or not the TCP gene family regulates in leaf development of Jc and Jn. Here, we systematically performed a genome-wide analysis of the Jc TCP family and investigated the differences in the expression of TCP in different leaf morphologies. In total, our results showed that 18 TCP members were identified in the whole genome sequence of Jatropha curcas L.; Jc TCP genes were classified into two categories by phylogenetic tree construction, among which there were 11 members in the Class I subfamily, seven members in the Class Ⅱ subfamily. It was shown that 12 members of Jc TCP genes were located at the seven chromosomes, and proteins belonging to the same TCP group exhibit higher similarity than those from different groups. Furthermore, the expression profiles of 15 TCP genes were discovered at different leaf developmental stages of Jc and Jn. Jc TCP 4, Jc TCP 5, Jc TCP 8, Jc TCP 13, Jc TCP 14, and Jc TCP 16 showed significantly different expressions, and can be used as candidate genes for regulating leaf development. Therefore, the TCP genes play important roles in regulating the leaf development in Jc, and the manipulation of Jc TCP genes can potentially be an important tool used for the genetic improvement of the leaf.
Sankt Stefans Armreliquie Im Ornat König Wenzels Von Ungarn

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Als KÖnig Wenzel II. von Böhmen die Herrsdiaft seines Sohnes über Ungarn gefahrdet sah, zog er im Sommer 1304 gegen Ofen 1 . Zu dem feierlidien Empfang des Vaters erschien der junge Wenzel in vollem Königsornat. Die Österreichische Reimchronik berichtet, daß er auf dem Haupt die "Stefanskrone", in der einen Hand das Szepter, in der anderen die Armreliquie des heiligen Stefan getragen habe 2 . Unter den spärlidien Nachrkhten über den ungarischen Krönungsbraudi im Mittelalter scheint dieser in der Forschung bislang wenig beach tete Hinweis eine nähere Untersuchung wert zu sein. Denn er berichtet von der Aufnahme eines ungewöhnlidien Insigne zu einem Zeitpunkt, der für das ungarische Königtum an der Sdiwelle seiner Umwandlung in eine Wahlmonarchie entscheidend war 3 . Die "Heilige Rechteα Stefans I. als Teil des Königsornats ist nicht Tradition geworden. Aber in der Wahl eben dieser Reliquie zum Festakt von 1304 schieinen Anschauungen faßbar zu sein, die dem Ausnahmefall eine über die Episode hinausweisende Bedeutung verleihen. Ihre Analyse verspricht allgemeinere Einblicke in das Verständnis der Herrschaftszeichen im späteren Mittelalter, vor allem als Ausdrucktsformen dynastischer Kontinuität. Mit dem Versuch, ein Einmaliges nicht in der Vereinzelung stehen zu lassen, bemüht sich der Verfasser, den Anregungen des hochverehrten Jubilars zu folgen.
[Etiology, pathogenesis, clinical aspects, diagnosis and treatment of posttraumatic pancreatitis].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The authors generalize their experience in the treatment of 41 patients with posttraumatic pancreatitis. This complication predominated in the early postoperative period in patients with various degree of injury to the pancreas. The main etiopathogenic factors of the development of posttraumatic pancreatitis are indicated. The therapeutic tactics was mainly nonoperative. The effect was positive in 24 cases. Seventeen (41.5%) patients had the pyodestructive form. The mortality rate was 29.3%. The leading principle of management was the initial attitude towards all patients with injury to the pancreas as if they were potential patients with posttraumatic pancreatitis, and the prescription of preventive treatment.
OPTIMUM TARGET RELIABILITY INDEX FOR DESIGN LOADS IN LIMIT STATE DESIGN

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Recently reliability-based limit state design has been recognized as one of useful design methods. In order to make the most of limit state design in practice, target reliability should be appropriately determined. Structural design is expected to be rational and balanced in terms of function, safety and cost. So far it is shown that the concept of minimizing total expected life-cycle cost is effective in determining the optimum reliability. The failure cost model, the cost up ratio and the probabilistic load model are examined as major factors to exemplify their effects on the optimum reliability. Through numerical examples basic considerations on the structural safety and serviceability are demonstrated.
Utilizing ALEKS and Standards Grading for Mathematics Placement and a Bridge Course for STEM Students

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We present a system for math placement and intervention that pairs ALEKS PPL with an online, standards-based “bridge” course designed to prepare students interested in STEM for PreCalculus. To determine the efficacy of this system we studied ALEKS PPL placement scores, bridge course grades, ALEKS concept mastery percentages, and PreCalculus grades for a population of 175 students over a span of two years. The study was conducted at a small (∼800 undergraduates), private university with limited resources for placement processes and remedial course offerings. We find that around 95% of students placed into the bridge course passed the course and also significantly increased in mastery of ALEKS topics, with mean increases in all concept groups. We also find students who enroll in the bridge course receive similar PreCalculus grades compared to those who placed directly into PreCalculus.
Job Satisfaction, Affective Commitment, and Turnover Intentions among Front Desk Staff: Evidence from Pakistan

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Understanding attitudes and behaviors at workplace develop organizational knowledge and capabilities to increase quality of services and help in retaining competent and skillful employees. The present study aims to investigate the relationship between job satisfaction, affective commitment, and turnover intentions among front desk staff working as customer service representatives in Pakistani banks. Data was collected through questionnaire from 106 front desk customer representatives in 5 different banks located in Rawalpindi district of northern Punjab, Pakistan. Correlation and regression analysis concluded that both, job satisfaction and affective commitment, were significantly related to the turnover intentions with negative associations. Based on the conclusions of this study, the implications for future studies are discussed.
Performance of different tomato hybrids under greenhouseconditions

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A study was conducted during the rabi seasons of 2008-09 and 2009-10 at CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar to evaluate the performance of different tomato hybrids under greenhouse conditions. Nineteen tomato hybrids were planted in the greenhouse having fan and pad cooling system. The two years’ data were pooled. Maximum plant height (302.0 cm) and number of inflorescences per plant (14.4) were recorded in hybrids Yash and C-1601, respectively. Maximum number of fruits per truss (5.8) and minimum days to flowering in 50% plants (79 days) were recorded in hybrid Centurian, whereas individual fruit weight (56 g) and number of fruits per plant (62) were noticed maximum in Avinash-2 and Centurian hybrids, respectively. Early fruit yield (479.3 q/ ha) was noticed maximum in hybrid Centurian, whereas total fruit yield (1287.6 q/ha) was recorded maximum in hybrid Avinash-2 followed by Richa (1278.7 q/ha).
Turbulence transport mechanism in stable stratified flow. 1st Report: Characteristics of a thermal stratification wind tunnel and occurrence of internal gravity wave.

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A controllable thermal stratification generator with 30 channels of heater arrangements, accompanied by a velocity-control unit was set in a settling chamber of a wind tunnel. A stratified flow field having a stepwise temperature distribution was realized, in which the maximum temperature gradient was about 2200K/m. The mean temperature and velocity distributions were quite uniform, and initially, the intensities of their fluctuations were satisfactorily small. Its bulk Richardson number of Rib = 7.39 × 10-3 sufficed the strongly stably stratified conditions. Velocity and temperature fluctuations increased downstream in the mixing layer. Spectrum analyses showed that the developing waves in the mixing layer were the internal gravity waves having frequencies not exceeding the Brunt-Vaisala frequency of N=5.56Hz.
Forget the rules and innovate : contesting a myopic view on the impact of rules on innovation

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

A persisting stance in practice is that obliteration of rules creates innovation paradise. Although it seems tempting, this view neglects that regulations may also constructively support innovation adoption processes. To stress these different roles that exist between regulation and innovation, scholars call for a careful empirical analysis of innovation contexts. Recent CM case studies, therefore, explore how standards emerge in new practices. Despite this, however, literature limitedly addresses the dynamic nature of the innovation context itself. This study, therefore, investigates how interactions between regulation contexts and innovation systems change during different innovation adoption phases. We explore this interaction by analysing two innovation trajectories: the Dutch Utility Information Exchange system and the Ground Penetrating Radar. During this desk study, we identified key innovation stages, standards and regulations; categorized these; and, allocated them to different product lifecycle phases. Outcomes reject the 'obliterate rules' stance and confirm the stabilizing role of rules in later innovation stages. To better understand the role and impact of rules on innovation we urge CM researchers to concentrate on the dynamic role that standards and rules have during innovation processes, rather focussing on their static impact only.
Accounting for the preference for literal meanings in autism spectrum conditions

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Pragmatic difficulties are considered a hallmark of autism spectrum conditions (ASC), but remain poorly understood. We discuss and evaluate existing hypotheses regarding the literalism of ASC individuals, that is, their tendency for literal interpretations of non‐literal communicative intentions. We present evidence that reveals a developmental stage at which neurotypical children also have a tendency for literalism and suggest an explanation for such behaviour that links it to other behavioural, rule‐following, patterns typical of that age. We discuss evidence showing that strict adherence to rules is also widespread in ASC, and suggest that literalism might be linked to such rule‐following behaviour.
SCLEROSANT PAPILLARY LESION: A TRAP LESION IN THE DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF MALIGNANCY IN A YOUNG PATIENT CASE REPORT

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Papillary lesions of the breast include various benign, atypical, and malignant lesions. These lesions clinically, radiologically and histologically are not only may interfered as benign breast lesions but also can be confused as malignant lesions. However, cause the fact that the treatment methods vary according to the precise diagnosis, definitive diagnosis gain importance. In this article; the clinical, radiological, pathological features, and treatment modalities of papillary type breast lesions was presented with a case report.
Relations of adult attachment using the Adult Attachment Projective Picture System, maltreatment history, depression, and childhood behaviour problems in a very high-risk sample

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Research has examined relations between adult attachment, history of childhood maltreatment, depression, and child behaviour problems. This study examines these relations in a very high-risk cohort of 22 parents and their 2- to 7-year old children. Adult attachment classifications were examined using the Adult Attachment Projective Picture System (AAP), which is a relatively new measure argued to be sensitive to relationship trauma that classifies adult attachment. In this study, no parents were classified as secure, five as preoccupied, four as dismissing, and 13 as unresolved. In addition, parents reported on their own history of childhood maltreatment, depression, and offspring childhood behaviour problems. A risk model approach was used with clinical cutoffs identifying the presence or absence of problems, and cumulative maltreatment calculated as the number of areas of maltreatment scored above cutoff. Results were that adult attachment classifications differed significantly in cumulative maltreatment history, with dismissive parents reporting low levels of maltreatment and preoccupied parents reporting the highest levels. However, contrary to predictions, there was no significant difference between attachment groups in either depression severity nor childhood behaviour problems. The results therefore suggest that even in a small sample, preoccupied and unresolved attachment classifications are related to a maltreatment history compounded by significant levels of depression in some cases, but dismissing attachment is associated with low levels of these risk factors. Investigating these factors in a high-risk sample highlights the very high level of risk in these parents in terms of unresolved attachment, maltreatment history, and depression, and supports propositions that the AAP is very sensitive to trauma history.
Monitoring of Wine Quality by using Environmentally friendly Tomato Concentrate and Commercial Wines

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This study investigated the quality characteristics of fermented wines using a selected strain to obtain basic data on sugar-free tomato wine production. Alcohol content of the tomato and commercial wine was 8.2~12.9%, whereas tomato wine showed a relatively low alcohol content of 8.2%. For total phenol content, Chile wine showed the highest value of 162.89 mg/100 g, followed by persimmon wine at 122.33 mg/100 g. Tomato wine showed a relatively high total phenol content of 96.57 mg/100 g. In all sections, xylose was not detected, although there were differences in free sugars depending on each product. Acetic and citric acid contents were highest in tomato wine, and the six kinds of commercial wine and tomato wine showed acetic acid content of 800.6 mg/100 g and citric acid content of 1,064.4 mg/100 g. The total free amino acid content was 100.63 mg/100 g in tomato wine, which was 2~3 times higher compared to that in commercial wine ($26.33{\pm}52.15mg/100g$).