jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
P.091 Multi-modal analysis of outcomes in pediatric mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI)

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Background: mTBI is the most common type of head injury among children but diagnosing and managing symptoms are challenging due to heterogeneity. This study used multi-modal analysis to examine how acute mTBI symptoms transition to chronic deficits. Methods: Subjects included a cohort with mild TBI (n=40, 8-18 years old) and age/sex-matched controls (n=27). All participants received symptom assessment, neuropsychological evaluation, ERP assessment, neuroimaging, and serum cytokine analysis. Results were analyzed individually and in multi-modal models to identify important outcome predictors. Results: mTBI resulted in higher symptom burdens compared to controls. There were no group differences in measures of balance, ERP, FA, or MD. Female mTBI participants had lower CNSVS Neurocognition Index scores (p=0.0401) and faster reaction times (p=0.0385) than controls. Repetitive mTBI males had faster psychomotor speed than symptomatic mTBI males (p=0.0260). CTACK levels were higher in female mTBI groups (p= 0.0043), SCGF- levels were lower in male mTBI groups (p=0.0486), and MDC levels were lower in female mTBI groups (p=0.0377) compared to controls. Multi-modal models revealed key predictors from all modalities, despite most measures producing non-statistically significant results in individual analyses. Conclusions: Multi-modal analysis may afford the opportunity to delineate complex mTBI pathology and provide better identification of biomarkers than unimodal analysis.
Interference-Term Elimination for Wigner Distribution Using a Frequency Domain Adaptive Filter

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In a nonstationary signal analysis, it has been clarified that the discrete Wigner distribution, WD, is the most suitable distribution. The use of the WD is, however, often complicated by the occurrence of interference terms. Thus, we proposed a modified WD, called the RID (reduced interference distribution), and verified that the RID could markedly suppress the occurrence of interference terms in both the auto-and the cross-WD. In this study, we developed another method which makes use of a block adaptive filter to eliminate interference terms and evaluate them quantitatively. In this method, the least mean square, LMS, algorithm is applied in the frequency domain. Simulated signals of a chirp type and an acoustic signal of a concert hall are analyzed using spectrograms, WD, RID and the new method. From comparisons among the results, it is concluded that the best result can be obtained using the new method proposed in this study.
Macrozoobenthos Diversity as an Indicator of the Water Quality of the Salusu River in Ogomatanang Village, Central Sulawesi and Its Use as a Learning Media

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The diversity of macrozoobenthos plays an important role as an indicator of water quality. The purpose of this study was to describe the level of macrozoobenthos diversity in the waters of the Salusu River, Ogomatanang Village, Central Sulawesi as an indicator of pollution levels and to produce suitable learning media. The type of research is descriptive. The sampling technique used systematic random and used a subber net using a zig-zag transect line and analyzed the diversity index value. The results of the study found 9 species, divided into 8 families including Baetis sp., Alloperla sp., Parathelphusa convexa, Heptagenia solitaria, Orthetrum sabina, Nemoura sp., Tylomelania arabica, Tylomelania sp., Planaria sp. The diversity index (H') was consecutively at station III (upstream) which was 2.14 with a light level of pollution, the H 'index at station II (ecotone) was 1.91 and the H 'index at station I (downstream) was 1.28 with a moderate level of pollution. The research results obtained were used as validated learning media by a team of content experts by 80%, design 78.6%, media 80%, large group student group trials 85.5% and small group 89.0%. Learning media is very feasible to use with a result of 82.62%.
Virtual patient design: exploring what works and why. A grounded theory study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objectives Virtual patients ( VP s) are online representations of clinical cases used in medical education. Widely adopted, they are well placed to teach clinical reasoning skills. International technology standards mean VP s can be created, shared and repurposed between institutions. A systematic review has highlighted the lack of evidence to support which of the numerous VP designs may be effective, and why. We set out to research the influence of VP design on medical undergraduates. Methods This is a grounded theory study into the influence of VP design on undergraduate medical students. Following a review of the literature and publicly available VP cases, we identified important design properties. We integrated them into two substantial VP s produced for this research. Using purposeful iterative sampling, 46 medical undergraduates were recruited to participate in six focus groups. Participants completed both VP s, an evaluation and a 1‐hour focus group discussion. These were digitally recorded, transcribed and analysed using grounded theory, supported by computer‐assisted analysis. Following open, axial and selective coding, we produced a theoretical model describing how students learn from VP s. Results We identified a central core phenomenon designated ‘learning from the VP ’. This had four categories: VP Construction ; External Preconditions ; Student– VP Interaction , and Consequences . From these, we constructed a three‐layer model describing the interactions of students with VP s. The inner layer consists of the student's cognitive and behavioural preconditions prior to sitting a case. The middle layer considers the VP as an ‘encoded object’, an e‐learning artefact and as a ‘constructed activity’, with associated pedagogic and organisational elements. The outer layer describes cognitive and behavioural change. Conclusions This is the first grounded theory study to explore VP design. This original research has produced a model which enhances understanding of how and why the delivery and design of VP s influence learning. The model may be of practical use to authors, institutions and researchers.
Sexual dimorphism in the endemic Sardinian cave salamander (Atylodes genei)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Sexual dimorphism in the size and shape of the Sardinian cave salamander (Atylodes genei) was analysed using morphometric measurements. Males and females are roughly equal in body size (mean snout-vent length SVL: 53.8 and 53.4 mm, respectively) but differed in body shape. Relative to their SVL, males had comparatively larger heads, longer limbs and tails than females, which agrees with patterns of sexual dimorphism in other closely related species. This suggests the existence of phylogenetic conservatism in sexual differences in body shape. The lack of dimorphism in body size could be an ancestral trait in Atylodes genei.
A Novel All-optical CDN Network Model based on Mini-Control Plane for High-Definition VoD Service

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

We address the problem of content delivery network for HD-VoD service. Content delivery network (CDN) is a network that puts users closer to the storage resources. The conventional CDN structure for video delivery is based on the IP-over- WDM network which could not meet the requirements for HD-VoD service, such as high-speed transfer and low latency and jitter. A novel all-optical CDN network model for high-definition VoD service is proposed in this paper. We introduce the concept of optical timeslot in the lightpath provision. A mini-control plane mechanism based on ring topology is also designed for the fast optical timeslot setup/release. Simulation results and analysis of our model is showed at the end of paper.
[Evaluation of the changes of alveolar bone around the upper incisors after retraction with mini implant anchorage using cone-beam CT].

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

After extensive retraction of the maxillary incisors, tilt movements are controlled with high traction hooks and microscrew implants. The decreases in palatal bone thickness are much more significant compared with the increases in labial bone thickness. Alveolar bone remodeling doesn't follow the movement of tooth, suggesting that the limitation of anterior teeth retraction should be taken into consideration.
Chromosomal aberrations induced by the insecticide endosulfan in sheep peripheral lymphocytes in vitro

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The chromosomal aberration assay is the most common and sensitive method for detecting the biological damage induced by a great variety of mutagenic, carcinogenic and environmental agents. In this study an organochlorine insecticide, endosulfan, was investigated for its ability to induce chromosomal aberrations in vitro using sheep peripheral lymphocytes. Lymphocyte cultures from two donors were exposed to four different concentrations of insecticide (4 x 10-3, 4 x 10-4, 4x10-5 and 4x10-7 M) for 48 h. At the lowest concentration (4 x 10-7 M) the percentage of aberrant cells was not significantly different (4.5 % versus 1.5 % in DMSO control, p<0.05). Higher concentrations of insecticide (4 x 10-3, 4x 10-4 and 4x 10-5 M) resulted in significant increases of the chromosome aberration frequency (11 %; 11 % and 9 % versus 1.5 % in DMSO control, p<0.05). The mitotic index was significantly decreased at the concentrations of 4 x 10-3; 4 x 10-4 M (p< 0.01) as well as 4x 10-5 M (p<0.05). In this species the insecticide tested induced a mutagenic effect at the higher concentrations which should not be attainable under agricultural conditions.
Structural basis of substrate recognition and inactivation in phosphatases

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Hydrolysis of phosphomonoesters by phosphatases is an important biological phenomenon and is involved in critical processes such as energy metabolism, metabolic regulation of nucleotides and various signal transduction pathways.In bacteria, phosphatases are not only implicated in virulence but also are important vaccine candidates.For example acid phosphatases from a category A pathogen Francisella tularensis, has been suggested to play role in the pathogenesis.Another phosphatase that is known as P4, from an opportunistic pathogen Haemophilus influenzae, has been shown to be a promising vaccine candidate.Furthermore in humans, recent studies suggested that the human prostatic acid phosphatase (hPAP) could act as a pain-suppressing enzyme.Broadly these phosphatases are categorized as nonspecific phosphatases implying that these enzymes have broad substrate preferences.Therefore, a detailed understanding on how these enzymes recognize different substrate molecules is crucial in understanding the structure and function of phosphatases.The larger context of the research described in this dissertation addresses the structural basis of substrate preferences and recognition by different nonspecific acid phosphatases from pathogenic bacteria such as Francisella tularensis, Haemophilus influenzae, Pasteurella multocida, and Mycoplasma bovis.Finally, this dissertation provides information on the structural basis of inactivation of human protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) using KHCO3/H2O2.PTP1B is a major drug target against type II diabetes.The findings described in this dissertation can help better understand the role of phosphatases in different pathogenic bacteria and subsequently may aid in vaccine development, efficient enzyme engineering, and drug development.
Socio-affective strategies for reducing foreign language anxiety levels in university students

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The main objective of the research is to analyse the impact it has on the use of socio-affective strategies employed by university students to gain confidence and reduce foreign language anxiety when performing monologues. The participants of the study were students of Basic English at a language centre from a southeast Mexican university. The following investigation has a quantitative focus the online questionnaire technique was applied and employed a Likert scale, qualitative with the implementation of students’ diaries and semi-structured interview. The methodological design adopted an action research approach. It was divided in four stages planning the intervention of the problematic situation in the classroom, Action the intervention by applying socio-affective strategies and monologues, observe the changes done by the critical intervention and reflect about the results of the whole process. The outcomes were that English Basic students reduced their levels of Foreign Language Anxiety.
Emergency allowances in the community health services

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

discharged no matter how overcrowded the hospital might have been.(5) The complaint is primarily against the authority and not against the individual doctor.Of course the Select Committee said it would have been "appropriate" for the commissioner to have contacted the doctor and that the authority should have done so initially, and they "note" that the authority did not contact the doctor when the draft report was submitted for comment.But they confirmed the decision and they confirmed it without contacting the doctor themselves.Meanwhile, in America, the senior house officer comes off best.He now lives in a country where all men can defend themselves if complaints are made against them.But we don't.
The Size of The Fan Effect:Process not Representation

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The size of fan effects is determined by processes at retrieval, not by whether or not information is represented as situations. Evidence contradicts Radvansky's (in press) claim that time to retrieve information from a situation does not depend on number of elements in a situation. Moreover, Radvansky's principles for ascribing situational models to experiments appear to be post hoc ways of redescribing the data. On the other hand, the evidence does support the ACT-R assumption that participants can adjust their attentional weightings and so produce differential fan effects. Moreover, the ACT-R theory of the fan effect is consistent with many other findings.
[Social context of health promotion program evaluation].

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The concept and methodology of health promotion programmes evaluation have much in common with the evaluation of all social programmes. Its goal is to improve the decision-making and to engage the community in this process. In this way, health promotion programmes gain procedures which analyse their effectiveness and acquire social validity. The role of evaluation studies is linked with the right to possess information about factors determining community participation in the managerial process. Designing and implementing evaluation research is in contradiction with the technocratic approach to problem solving and to planning and implementing programmes, which will improve community health.
Water Treatment Guidelines For Use in Emergencies

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This manual is part of a series of guides devised by the Oxfam Public Health Engineering Team to help provide a reliable water supply for populations affected by conflict or natural disaster. The object of water treatment is to provide potable water, i.e. pathogen free and chemically safe, which is low in physical impurities and is also aesthetically acceptable to the consumer. However the greatest health risks in the overwhelming majority of situations where disasters occur are due to the presence of pathogens (microbiological contamination), where as chemical contamination is rarely on immediate health impact. Therefore these guidelines reflect this and focus accordingly. However it maybe that in the future that greater risks will be presented by chemical pollution of water and for example the extensive arsenic poisoning of groundwater in Bangladesh and Eastern India highlights that there can be other longer term detrimental health impacts.
Utilization of Pyrosequencing to Monitor the Microbiome Dynamics of Probiotic Treated Poultry (&lt;i&gt;Gallus gallus domesticus&lt;/i&gt;) during Downstream Poultry Processing

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Antibiotic growth promoters that have been historically employed to control pathogens and increase the rate of animal development for human consumption are currently banned in many countries. Probiotics have been proposed as an alternative to control pathogenic bacteria. Traditional culture methods typically used to monitor probiotic effects on pathogens possess significant limitations such as a lack in sensitivity to detect fastidious and non-culturable bacteria, and are both time consuming and costly. Here, we tested next generation pyrosequencing technology as a streamline and economical method to monitor the effects of a probiotic on microbial communities in juvenile poultry (Gallus gallus domesticus) after exposure to several microbiological challenges and litter conditions. Seven days and repeated again at 39 days following hatching, chicks were challenged with either Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis, Campylobacter jejuni, or no bacteria in the presence of, or without a probiotic (i.e., Bacillus subtilis) added to the feed. Three days following each of two challenges (i.e., days 10 and 42, respectively) the microbiome distributions of the poultry caecum were characterized based on 16S rDNA analysis. Generated PCR products were analyzed by automated identification of the samples after pooling, multiplexing and sequencing. A bioinformatics pipeline was then employed to identify microbial distributions at the phylum and genus level for the treatments. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that pyrosequencing technology is a rapid, efficient and cost-effective method to monitor the effects of probiotics on the microbiome of poultry propagated in an agricultural setting.
Comprehensive biological evaluation of infuzide as a potent antimicrobial, alone and in combination with gentamicin, linezolid, and minocycline targeting MDR Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus sp.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Antimicrobial resistance is the greatest threat to modern healthcare systems. The unrelentingly increasing drug resistance manifests in ESKAPE pathogens, thus necessitating urgent novel drug discovery. Whole cell-screening assays were used to identify Infuzide, expressing potent antimicrobial activity against gram-positive pathogens Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus . To probe if Infuzide’s inactivity against gram-negative pathogens was due to entry issues, its activity was determined in the presence of Polymyxin B nonapeptide, a known membrane permeabilizer. Furthermore, its activity against clinical drug-resistant strains was evaluated. As the next step, the compound’s time-kill kinetics against S. aureus was determined, along with its ability to synergize with approved drugs via checkerboard assays; this was further validated via combination time-kill kinetics assays. Infuzide’s in vitro post-antibiotic effect, ability to eradicate S. aureus biofilms, and ability to isolate resistant mutants were also ascertained. Eventually, Infuzide’s in vivo efficacy alone and in combination was assessed in murine neutropenic thigh and skin infection model against drug-susceptible and drug-resistant S. aureus . Infuzide exhibits highly potent activity against S. aureus and Enterococcus , which is comparable with standard of care. In addition, infuzide expresses concentration-dependent bactericidal activity with ~5.9 log 10 cfu/mL reduction within 6 h of treatment and synergizes with gentamicin, linezolid, and minocycline, even against MDR strains. Infuzide also inhibits bacterial growth in both biofilm and intracellular phases and exhibits robust in vivo efficacy in both neutropenic thigh and murine skin infection models without inducing resistance. Taken together, Infuzide exhibits all characteristics required for pre-clinical development as an anti-staphylococcal compound. IMPORTANCE This study identifies Infuzide as a novel antimicrobial against S. aureus.
Improving Nurse Practitioner Preceptor Self-Efficacy Utilizing the One-Minute Preceptor: A Quality Improvement Project

Field: Nursing (Health Sciences)

Problem Statement: Nurse Practitioners comprise a growing portion of the healthcare workforce. Nurse Practitioner (NP) students rely on quality training in the clinical settings to prepare them for practice. Research demonstrates that there is a need for preceptor training prior to engaging with NP students. The One-Minute Preceptor model has been shown to reduce time constraints and improve preceptor and student experience. This project aimed to develop and implement a quality improvement project for NP Preceptor training at an educational institution. Purpose: To improve self-reported levels of self-efficacy among NP preceptors after completing a newly developed online preceptor training program based on the One-Minute Preceptor Model. Methods: Pre- and post-implementation surveys using the General Self-Efficacy (GSE) scale were provided to current preceptors at an educational institution and self-paced online modules. The preceptors were surveyed before the training and after completion, and the results were compared. Results: Initial survey results (N=53) demonstrated—X. Post-intervention survey results (N=7) demonstrated X. Due to this variant, data analysis was and resulted in GSE scores that, while higher in the post-implementation group, were unreliable. Discussion: While this project did not produce desired results, there is a need for further research, as the research and development of quality preceptor training remains needed in NP programs.
Fermions and the renormalization group at large Nf

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We investigate fermionic quantum field theories using functional renormalization. In the limit of many fermion flavors N, we demonstrate that theories have exact solutions for their quantum effective actions given by quasilocal interaction functionals of fermion bilinears. The structure implies that local potential approximations are exact and exactly solvable and that field anomalous dimensions vanish. Theories with nontrivial anomalous dimensions may also arise under conditions that are identified. We further demonstrate that higher-derivative interactions are inevitably induced by pointlike ones, including at large N. The local potential flows for fermionic theories with the most general U(N) symmetric interactions are provided. For sample theories with scalar, pseudoscalar, vector, or axial-vector interactions, we identify conformal fixed points, scaling dimensions, conformal manifolds, and quantum-induced shifts in scaling dimensions of higher-derivative interactions. We also study fermion mass generation and subleading modifications due to finite N corrections. Implications for conformal field theories and applications in condensed matter and particle physics are indicated.