jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
19 Effect of Gestation Housing System (Individual vs. Group) on the Reproductive Performance of Sows over 6 Parities Under Commercial Conditions.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

There is increasing pressure on the US swine industry to change from individual- to group-housing of sows in gestation. A low-cost approach for existing units would be to convert stalls to group pens. There has been limited research on the impact of this approach on sow performance. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects on sow reproductive performance of housing sows during gestation either in individual stalls or small pens converted from individual stalls. This study was carried out at a commercial breed-to-wean facility using a RCBD with 2 gestation housing treatments: Individual vs. Group. Sows were housed in individual stalls until 35 d of gestation, when they were moved to treatment. Individual treatment: individual sow in gestation stall (0.54 x 2.07 m; floor space 1.12 m2/sow). Group treatment: pens of 8 (2.20 x 4.71 m; floor space 1.30 m2/sow), created by combining 8 individual stalls. A replicate was 1 pen of 8 sows, and 8 sows in individual stalls. A total of 426 replicates and 6802 parity records were collected. Management was according to standard commercial procedures. The experimental unit was individual sow. Data were analyzed using PROC MIXED of SAS; the model included fixed effects of treatment and random effects of block and replicate. There were no effects (P > 0.05) of treatment on conception or farrowing rate, days from weaning to breeding, or the number of piglets born alive. Pre-weaning mortality was greater (P < 0.05) for Group (15.2%) compared to Individual (14.2%) housing. The percentage of sows removed in gestation was greater (P < 0.05) for Group (14.3%) than Individual (12.1%) housing, which was mainly due to greater removals (P < 0.05) for injuries and poor body condition (16.3 vs. 10.0% of total removals, respectively). There were treatment effects (P < 0.05) on sow body condition score and body weight; however, differences were numerically small and not practically important. There were no treatment effects (P > 0.05) on any other reproductive measures. This study found relatively small differences in sow performance between the housing systems evaluated. This suggests that converting existing individual stall facilities to small group pens has minimal impact on sow productivity. Nevertheless, the differences observed, although relatively small, favored individual housing of sows and are of commercial significance. Further research is needed to validate these findings and to determine the underlying cause(s) of these effects.
Integrable Ito equations with multiple noises

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The classification of scalar Ito equations with a single noise source which admit a so called standard symmetry and hence are -- by the Kozlov construction -- integrable is by now complete. In this paper we study the situation, occurring in physical as well as biological applications, where there are two independent noise sources. We determine all such autonomous Ito equations admitting a standard symmetry; we then integrate them by means of the Kozlov construction. We also consider the case of three or more independent noises, showing no standard symmetry is present.
CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF INCLUSION COMPOUND OF POROUS LUTETIUM(III) TRANS-THIENOTHIOPHENE-2,5-DICARBOXYLATE WITH TRANS-CINNAMALDEHYDE

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A new inclusion compound of cinnamic aldehyde (cin) based on porous lutetium(III) trans-thienothiophene-2,5-dicarboxylate (ttdc2–) metal-organic framework was character-ized by means of single-crystal XRD, IR, CHN and TGA methods. The title crystal struc-ture with the formula [Lu2(H2O)2(ttdc)3]·2DMF·cin (1cin) was derived from the parent MOF [Lu2(H2O)2(ttdc)3]·4DMF (1DMF) upon slow solid-to-liquid solvent exchange. Cin-namal molecules, well-resolved within the structure of rigid coordination network, are hydrogen-bonded to the H atom of coordinated water molecule. Close π…π-stacking con-tacts between the coplanar propene fragments, capable for possible [2+2] cycloaddition reactions, and unusual for cinnamal inclusion compounds, were found between the neighbor guest molecules in the crystal structure.
Development of geopolitically relevant ranking criteria for geoengineering methods

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract A decade has passed since Paul Crutzen published his editorial essay on the potential for stratospheric geoengineering to cool the climate in the Anthropocene. He synthesized the effects of the 1991 Pinatubo eruption on the planet's radiative budget and used this large‐scale event to broaden and deepen the debate on the challenges and opportunities of large‐scale geoengineering. Pinatubo had pronounced effects, both in the short and longer term (months to years), on the ocean, land, and the atmosphere. This rich set of data on how a large‐scale natural event influences many regional and global facets of the Earth System provides a comprehensive viewpoint to assess the wider ramifications of geoengineering. Here, I use the Pinatubo archives to develop a range of geopolitically relevant ranking criteria for a suite of different geoengineering approaches. The criteria focus on the spatial scales needed for geoengineering and whether large‐scale dispersal is a necessary requirement for a technique to deliver significant cooling or carbon dioxide reductions. These categories in turn inform whether geoengineering approaches are amenable to participation (the “democracy of geoengineering”) and whether they will lead to transboundary issues that could precipitate geopolitical conflicts. The criteria provide the requisite detail to demarcate different geoengineering approaches in the context of geopolitics. Hence, they offer another tool that can be used in the development of a more holistic approach to the debate on geoengineering.
DOCUMENT RESUME

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In this paper the author takes a positive not a negative view of sign lancjuage. It is the center of attention, not as an object of interest to the specialist in language, but as the central feature in the complex sociolinguistic and psycholinguistic system that makes the deaf person part of general American culture and at the same time part of a special group. To see sign language in this way the author first examines the ways language may be presented to the eye instead of to the ear and points out the contrasts and parallels between speech and sign language. He then considers the relation of sign language to the education of the deaf in the light of bilingualism. Finally, he looks at steps that concerned teachers can take to apply research of their own of the most practical kind. The author states that sign language cannot be learned as a living, working language from these pages but hopes that teachers and educators reading them may find a new understanding of what this language is like, of how it relates to English, and of its importance in the intellectual development of the deaf child. (Author/DO) 1
Transforming Realities—Making the Improbable Possible: Reclamation of Sacredness as a Source of Generative Capacities

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Understanding the nature and source of generative capacities for radical change has been an enduring concern for researchers of organizations and social movements. However, the role of spirituality as a resource in social movements is an undertheorized area. Based on the field study of a successful, long-term social movement in India and drawing on the emerging discourse on spirituality in organizational literature, the author describes how in a community reclamation of the sacred came to be a source of generative capacities for transformation. This article describes a dynamic model of change that begins with recognition of the sacred and positive action that has the potential to spiral to escalating levels of positive change. The article also describes how the sacred in this community is manifested as a socioecological, relational ethic. The author concludes by discussing the implications of this framework for social movements and organizational change theories.
The 1974 Congressional Initiative in Budget Making

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

While passage of Congressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act of 1974 had been proclaimed a major advance in redressing congressional-presidential imbalance, knowledgeable participants and observers remain aware that passage of legislation itself does not guarantee congressional reassertion of leadership in fiscal matters without a corresponding performance. That a compromise between House and Senate versions of legislation was forthcoming became known on June 5, 1974, when Conference Committee announced reaching agreement. Supported by a massive staff effort, conferees had labored long to reconcile HR 7130, passed December 5, 1973, with a Senate version of March 22, 1974. After passage by House on June 18 and by Senate on June 21 and a delayed enrollment, it became Public Law 93-344 (88 Stat 297). Senator Sam Irvin, chairman of Government Operations Committee and Senate Floor Manager, had proclaimed this measure to be most important piece of legislation with which he was involved in his culminating 20-year career in Senate and the finest example of legislative process at work that I have witnessed.' While need for congressional budget reform had been recognized for decades, a major impetus during 20-month congressional struggle with procedural reform was its concern for recouping * The new Congressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act of 1974, heralded by some as most important budget reform measure since Budget and Accounting Act of 1921, has objective of enabling Congress to gain a better control over spending priorities and other aspects of budget process. It provides for new congressional institutions, an improved analytical capability, a revised timetable with fiscal year shifted to begin October 1, and a demand on President to furnish additional budget data. It further curtails President's authority to withhold appropriations. Its new Budget Committees, assisted by a new Congressional Budget Office, are to take lead in establishing target relationship between appropriation totals and revenue expectations early in each session and then lead in reaffirming congressional position, once appropriation totals are known just before beginning of new fiscal year. It also requires an overt congressional approval of any appropriation rescissions. New officials, tasked with carrying out Act, concur in difficulty of this undertaking because of stringent time limitations, complexity of forces to be reconciled, and scope of decisions to be made.
High Frequency Data Acquisition System for Field Measurement of Hydraulic Conductivity in a Sand Aquifer

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

A pneumatic slug tester utilizing a portable high-speed (up to 200 kHz) data acquisition system was implemented for conducting slug tests in a high permeability sand aquifer (k ∼ 0.001 m/s). Recovery of the displaced water level in such cases often takes only seconds thus requiring high frequency recording of water level changes in order to measure the oscillatory, underdamped response. A data acquisition system was implemented utilizing hardware and software from National Instruments, which allowed for collection of sufficient data to fully measure the aquifer response. The system was also able to record a much higher frequency air pressure oscillation in the well headspace and a waterhammer oscillation in the water column.
Hyperbranched Polyether Polyols with Liquid Crystalline Properties

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The attachment of mesogens as end groups to hyperbranched polyglycerol (degree of polymerization 22-45; see schematic representation, the rigid mesogens are shown as rods and the flexible alkyl chains as lines) leads to liquid crystalline polymers with narrow polydispersity, whose liquid crystalline behavior is induced by the mesogenic end groups only.
Hankel determinants of a Sturmian sequence

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Let $τ$ be the substitution $1\to 101$ and $0\to 1$ on the alphabet $\{0,1\}$. The fixed point of $τ$ leading by 1, denoted by $\mathbf{s}$, is a Sturmian sequence. We first give a characterization of $\mathbf{s}$ using $f$-representation. Then we show that the distribution of zeros in the determinants induces a partition of integer lattices in the first quadrant. Combining those properties, we give the explicit values of the Hankel determinants $H_{m,n}$ of $\mathbf{s}$ for all $m\ge 0$ and $n\ge 1$.
[Examination and vaccination against influenza].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Influenza epidemics occur every winter with a large number of patients and deaths, causing serious public health problems in many countries. Recently, we have obtained several new measures against influenza, such as anti-influenza drugs and rapid detection kits for influenza virus antigens in patient specimens. In addition, it is noteworthy that the use of influenza vaccines has been re-evaluated in Japan, resulting in increased vaccination rates. As it is difficult to diagnose influenza by clinical symptoms alone, virological and serological examinations are important. Although there are many methods for the detection of influenza, virus isolation is the most sensitive and reliable. Moreover, antigenic characterization of the virus can be done only by virus isolation. In recent several years, rapid diagnosis has become important in connection with the use of anti-influenza drugs. The usefulness of the detection kits has been approved and the number of the kits used has increased considerably. The effectiveness of the influenza vaccine in elderly people has been demonstrated not only in other countries but also in Japan. However, there have been few reports describing the effectiveness of the vaccine in young children. Since influenza encephalopathy in infants is a serious problem in Japan, we have to investigate the usefulness of the vaccine in this age group.
Total Synthesis of Sophoraflavanone H and Confirmation of Its Absolute Configuration

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Sophoraflavanone H (1) is a polyphenol with a hybrid-type structure containing 2,3-diaryl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran and flavanone ring moieties. This compound and related analogues are promising leads for antimicrobial and antitumor drug development. Here we describe a total synthesis of 1 and its diastereomer. The dihydrobenzofuran and flavanone rings were constructed by a Rh-catalyzed asymmetric C-H insertion reaction and selective oxy-Michael reaction. The absolute configuration of 1 was established by X-ray crystallographic analysis and CD spectral investigation of synthetic derivatives.
Local purchase in the Bamyan Emergency Operation.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Bamyan Province is part of a larger, multi-province ethnic, political, and geographic area called t..~e Hazarajat.The Hazarajat co~sists of all ofBamyan and parts of b) Eastern Ghor, c) Nort~~east Uruzgan.d) Southeast jawzjan, e) Southern Samangan, f) Southwest/----Baghlan, g) Northwest Ghaz.'1i and h) Northwest \Vardak.The region consists of 14 /< ~~ !:! .r---;"districts scattered in Yalley~ over a mountainous terrain v.ith peaks more than 3,500/ n"' \ meters above sea level.On the south, southwest and southeast t.l-te Hazarajat is {.c;• , . .
Gifted Children and Education: An Educational Approach

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In this paper we investigate the case of gifted children and their position in the field of education. Many definitions have been given to gifted children (from a national, special pedagogical, functional or illustrative point of view) and even the word «charisma», as it is characteristically called, was acknowledged as a term after a 34-year-effort. Various scientists, such as Renzulli, Gardner, and Heller, tried to approach and define charisma and charismatic children. The aim of this research is to determine the characteristics of gifted children, the difficulties they encounter in each level, the causes of the difficulties and the kind of education for these children. The practices of differentiated teaching and flexible curriculum are criticized for the difficulty of evaluating their application throughout the educational process on gifted children. In conclusion, gifted children or students with high skills need respect and treatment not as a minority nor with an elitist mentality. The desideratum is to find out how many children need adapted education, whether they have a high level of perceptiveness or not. If they can acquire knowledge through a tailored to their needs, interdisciplinary, material-enriched kind of education along with a suitable prior Curriculum adaptation, then the education will be effective as it will manage to cover their needs.
Inhibition of protein synthesis and lymphokine production by tetracycline.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

This study was designed to examine the effects of tetracycline on DNA and protein synthesis by human lymphocytes treated with Con A. The effects of the drug were also assessed in terms of the in vitro production of the lymphokine, migration inhibitory factor (MIF). The results indicate that marked suppression of protein synthesis occurred in presence of tetracycline at all concentrations including clinically achievable doses. The group mean values of DNA synthesis did not show significant inhibition with lower concentrations of the drug. The marked decline in protein synthesis in tetracycline treated cultures was accompanied by a significant suppression of MIF production. Accelerated migration of macrophages was observed when the lymphocyte supernatant was produced in presence of the higher concentrations of tetracycline (75-100 microliter/ml). These observations suggest that tetracycline interfered with the in vitro correlates of cellular immunity in humans. This raises a possibility that indiscriminate use of the drug might compromise host defenses especially where long-term therapy is prescribed.
Memorializing the Dead in Postconflict North Maluku

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This chapter explores how communities have dealt with the deceased in postconflict North Maluku. It focuses on two different issues: martyrdom and the construction of memorials, and how Muslim and Christian communities understood each one. The meanings behind these memorials are multifaceted. They are primarily about local desires to respect and remember those who were lost in the conflict and to recognize the sacrifices made in the name of religion and community. Thus in one sense they are about mourning and martyrdom. However, memorialization practices are also part of the larger arena of postconflict politics and conflict resolution, and cannot be seen independently from the way local communities experienced and perceived the conflict. Although government officials and regional scholars may argue that the conflict was actually about political corruption, or the spoils of decentralization, these monuments say otherwise.
Daubert Considerations in Forensic Evaluations by Telepsychiatry.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The COVID-19 pandemic has increased demand for telepsychiatric services. Forensic psychiatrists can expect to receive more requests for assessments conducted via videoconferencing technology in the years to come. Under current rules of evidence in the United States, the testimony of expert witnesses is introduced as a form of scientific evidence and may be challenged by opposing counsel through Daubert hearings. In a Daubert challenge, courts may evaluate proposed expert testimony through four criteria relating to scientific reliability and validity: whether the testimony is based on methods that emerge from a testable hypothesis, whether the method has been subjected to peer review, the known or potential rate of error associated with the method, and whether the method has achieved general acceptance in the relevant scientific community. To date, courts have not addressed whether testimony based on a telepsychiatric assessment would meet standards of reliability and validity for admission into evidence, as applied in a typical Daubert hearing. This article explores the Daubert standards and other potential objections to telepsychiatry as they may apply to forensic psychiatric examinations conducted via videoconferencing technology. The discussion also provides suggestions to evaluators to increase the likelihood of such testimony surviving a Daubert challenge.
Application Of Machine Learning Algorithms to Free Cash Flows Growth Rate Estimation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Machine learning (ML) demonstrates superior accuracy in financial time-series forecasting compared to traditional statistical models. While most studies focus on applying ML algorithms to high-frequency pricing data, the availability of fundamental financial data is limited as it is generated quarterly. This paper investigates the performance of nine ML algorithms in small sample data sets, against an ARIMA model — frequently used for financial time-series forecasting — serving as a benchmark. Results obtained from 100 US companies indicate that the majority of ML algorithms exhibit low error rates on the test set, outperforming benchmark results. Notably, the k-nearest neighbor algorithm achieves the highest prediction accuracy among the algorithms considered, even with only 33 data observations, while avoiding overfitting.
Antibiotic Resistance and Implications for the Appropriate Use of Antimicrobial Agents

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The development of antibiotics completely revolutionized medicine in the second half of the 20th century. By 1940, the team researching penicillin recognized that its discovery was a monumental event. Fearing Hitler’s invasion of Great Britain, they rubbed spores of Penicillium notatum into their coat linings to ensure that the mold would go with them in the event they had to escape rapidly (1). In the more than 60 years since its discovery, penicillin has evolved from being a miraculous cure for infectious disease to being a small part of an arsenal of antimicrobial drugs. With the expansion of antibiotic therapy, hygiene, and sanitation in the United States, mortality due to infectious diseases has dropped markedly over the 20th century (2–4). Since 1982, however, deaths attributable to infectious diseases have begun to climb (3) and this rise has occurred in parallel with increased antibiotic resistance.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of The complete VS ribozyme in solution studied by small-angle X-ray scattering.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

We have used small-angle X-ray solution scattering to obtain ab initio shape reconstructions of the complete VS ribozyme. The ribozyme occupies an electron density envelope with an irregular shape, into which helical sections have been fitted. The ribozyme is built around a core comprising a near-coaxial stack of three helices, organized by two three-way helical junctions. An additional three-way junction formed by an auxiliary helix directs the substrate stem-loop, juxtaposing the cleavage site with an internal loop to create the active complex. This is consistent with the current view of the probable mechanism of trans-esterification in which adenine and guanine nucleobases contributed by the interacting loops combine in general acid-base catalysis. PMID: 18786398 Funding information This work was supported by: Cancer Research UK, United Kingdom NIGMS NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: T32 GM008294 NIGMS NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01 GM097463 NIGMS NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: P01 GM066275-01A10006 NIGMS NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: P01 GM066275 Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, United Kingdom Grant ID: B17092 Cancer Research UK, United Kingdom Grant ID: 11722 More Less keyboard_arrow_down