jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
DESIGN PARAMETERS AND OPERATION CHARACTERISTICS OF BALL-TYPE SAFETY-OVERRUNNING CLUTCH WITH MODIFIED GROOVES

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The article investigates the force interaction of the elements and operation characteristics of a ball-type safety-overrunning clutch with modified semi-clutch grooves. Grooves modification provided through grooves sides to the semi-couplings radius inclination. Through balls with other clutch parts force interaction consideration, taking into account inertia and friction forces, obtained expressions for calculating of clutch parts loadings, main moments of the clutch: rating, operation beginning and ending. Those make possibility to evaluate main clutch operation characteristics - coefficients of accuracy, sensitivity, and rating torque exceeding. Influence of main design parameters on clutch operation characteristics is studied. Particularly it is shown that grooves to clutch axe inclination angle exerts a great influence on parts load and clutch operation characteristics in overload mode. It is shown that in highly loaded high-speed drives it is advisable to install clutches with inclined to the radius grooves sides. It is shown that from the point of view of increasing clutch operation characteristics, it is more advantageous to make the grooves at smaller angles to the clutch axe. It is established that characteristics of clutch with inclined to the radius grooves sides are not very sensitive to changes in operation rotating frequency. Reducing the balls diameter makes a positive effect on the clutch operation characteristics in overload mode through inertia and friction forces impact decreasing and reducing contact stresses in balls with grooves contact zone. Practically significant ratios for the design and verification calculations of presented clutch parts loads and stresses are obtained. Presented results are useful for engineers dealing with mechanical driving design. Keywords: clutch, torque, overload, gearing, stress, operation accuracy, contact strength, operation characteristics
Innovation Management In Business Structures Of Strategic Alliances

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

An actively changing environment presents new challenges for existing business structures.Consumer preferences and requirements to the quality of products, their characteristics and features change under the influence of the environment.The main way for manufacturers to respond to these changes is to develop and implement innovations.This explains the need for the establishment or adjustment of the system of innovation management in business organizations.Their participation in strategic alliances, which allows them to exchange experience and innovations, is of great importance for increasing the innovative activity of business structures.In this regard, the purpose of the study was formed, which consists in studying the features of the functioning of the innovation management system in the business structures of strategic alliances.The study analyzed scientific sources on the subject.Based on the obtained results, conclusions were drawn about the importance of cooperation for the innovative development of enterprises.A selection of industries that are most promising for sharing innovations and participating in strategic alliances was formed.On the example of Russian business structures, some aspects of the organization of joint innovation management systems in strategic alliances are considered.The authors formulated the main features of innovation exchange and specific features of the innovation management system of business structures within the framework of a strategic alliance.
Digital Babies does your child need a digital detox

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

So how much screen time does your child get? Do you think it's too much? Considering we're living in a digital age, how do we give our children all the advantages of the digital world without using devices as a digital pacifier. How do we intelligently deal with technology and our children. Is it right that there are apps to entertain babies? How do you traverse this new terrain without techno-guilt? Dr Kristy Goodwin is a technology researcher and mum.. She's in the 'techno trenches' with us and has some kind and helpful advice this week for all parents dealing the digital dilemma of how much screen time is too much.
[New data on the spread of P-41-positive strains of the rabies virus in arctic and extra-arctic regions].

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

271 strains of rabies virus, isolated in different regions of the former USSR, were studied with the use of monoclonal antibodies P-41 (Germany). All strains isolated in the arctic regions, as well as some of the strains isolated in nonarctic regions situated 300-1700 km south of the polar circle (the Baltic countries, Central Yakutia, the eastern part of the Transbaikal region), gave positive reaction with these antibodies. Cases of hydrophobia caused by virus with the 41 (+) marker were described. Information on the spread such strains in other parts of the world is presented.
An adaptive real-time smooth filter for 3D motion

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

An adaptive real-time smooth filter for 3D motion (ArtFilter) is presented. The filter divides the 3D motion into a translation motion and an orientation motion and smoothes them separately by removing small abrupt motion jitters. Our contributions lie in two aspects. (1) The filter adaptively controls the smooth factor according to the 3D motion vibration degree. (2) The filter smoothes 3D motions in a real-time manner, without any time delay. Experimental results have shown good performance of our method.
The Algorithms of Resource Distribution for Information Security Between Objects of an Information System Based on the Game Model and Principle of Equal Security of Objects

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

<p>The modern methods to solve the practical tasks related to designing the information security systems in automated systems of different purpose rather often use models of the theory of games. The work, for resource distribution between securable objects, formulates a task of the two players’ game (a defender and a forward) with the zero-sum. The possible loss of a defender is used as a score. The statement of problem for each player, when holding the other player’s solution, is the task of linear programming with one restriction. For the solution of similar tasks the paper offers a linear programming method.</p><p>For a defender to search a solution, it is offered to use a saddle-point criterion. If the saddle point is not found, a criterion of the guaranteed result is used. For search of the saddle point, two algorithms are offered. Originally, an optimization algorithm, based on the sequential solution of the optimization tasks by each player, seeks the saddle point. If the first algorithm does not find the saddle point, there is a developed search algorithm of the saddle point based on the support of equal security of some objects of a securable system. For the support of equal security of some objects an offer is to solve a system of linear equations. For algorithm are formulated and proved sufficient conditions that the received solution is the saddle point.</p><p>If both algorithms did not find the saddle point, for a defender to obtain the solution, using a principle of guaranteed result is offered. The search algorithm of solution has been developed to provide the guaranteed result based on the algorithm of support of equal security in which it is possible to use the initial quality score or, in case there is no information about forward ‘s resources, the heuristic scores.</p><p>Results of the task solution of resource distribution with the given basic data, as well as test results of the developed algorithms are provided.</p>
The Effect of Testosterone Replacement on Intramedullary, Inguinal and Visceral Fat in Ovariectomized Rats

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Objective The present article aims to evaluate the impact of testosterone treatment on the expansion of visceral, subcutaneous and intramedullary adipose tissue of ovariectomized rats and the visceral and subcutaneous fat expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) gamma. Methods In total 48 female Wistar rats were castrated and randomly divided into 6 treatment groups: group E2 was submitted to estradiol 5 μg/day; group T, to testosterone 5 μg/day; group E2 + T, to estradiol 5 μg/day + testosterone 5 μg/day; group TT, to testosterone 30 μg/day; group E2 + TT, to estradiol 5 μg/day + testosterone 30 μg/day; and placebo was administered to group P. After 5 weeks, the rats were euthanized, the inguinal and visceral adipose tissues were harvested, weighted, and had their PPAR gamma expression evaluated by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The right femurs were harvested and histologically prepared to perform the number count of the intramedullary adipocytes. Results The expansion of visceral fat tissue was much higher in the TT group when compared with other treated groups (p < 0.001). The TT group also showed a higher expansion of inguinal fat (p < 0.01), and groups E2 + T and E2 + TT presented lower growth compared to the P group (p < 0.01). The number of femur intramedullary adipocytes only showed significant differences between groups TT and E2 + TT (p < 0.05). The expression of PPAR gamma showed no differences among the groups. Conclusion The use of testosterone in high doses leads to an important expansion in both visceral and inguinal adipose tissues. Association with estradiol exerts an expansion-repressive effect on the visceral and inguinal adipose tissues.
The Hidden Cost of Weak Budget Projections: Forecast Deviation and Debt Buildup in Barbados

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The Barbados economy has been challenged over the last decade by elevated fiscal deficits and a rapid build-up in debt. While the country has made efforts to address this challenge through revenue and expenditure measures, budget targets have often been missed. This study indicates that budget under performance has contributed to the debt accumulation in Barbados. When comparing actual to budgeted targets set out in the budget, the study indicates that there has been an underestimation of expenditure and lower-than-expected revenue in several years. Particularly, systematic underestimation of transfers without adequate compensation in revenues has increased debt, underscoring the need for institutional and fiscal reforms. At the same time, the under-execution of capital expenditure highlights the need for better allocation to this growth-promoting spending, which has suffered from limited fiscal space.
British National Formulary 1976-8

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The British National Formulary is perhaps the best of its kind in the world, and important improvements come with every edition. It is compiled by a large Joint Formulary Committee under the auspices of the British Medical Association and the Pharmaceutical Society. Possibly because most sections of the medical and pharmaceutical professions are represented on the committee, there has been relatively little public discussion of the Formulary. We believe that such discussion could help to make the Formulary an even greater and better influence on prescribing habits. We shall therefore occasionally comment on various aspects of the BNF, particularly after the 1966 edition has appeared.
Give me (un)certainty -- An exploration of parameters that affect\n segmentation uncertainty

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Segmentation tasks in medical imaging are inherently ambiguous: the boundary\nof a target structure is oftentimes unclear due to image quality and biological\nfactors. As such, predicted segmentations from deep learning algorithms are\ninherently ambiguous. Additionally, "ground truth" segmentations performed by\nhuman annotators are in fact weak labels that further increase the uncertainty\nof outputs of supervised models developed on these manual labels. To date, most\ndeep learning segmentation studies utilize predicted segmentations without\nuncertainty quantification. In contrast, we explore the use of Monte Carlo\ndropout U-Nets for the segmentation with additional quantification of\nsegmentation uncertainty. We assess the utility of three measures of\nuncertainty (Coefficient of Variation, Mean Pairwise Dice, and Mean Voxelwise\nUncertainty) for the segmentation of a less ambiguous target structure (liver)\nand a more ambiguous one (liver tumors). Furthermore, we assess how the utility\nof these measures changes with different patch sizes and cost functions. Our\nresults suggest that models trained using larger patches and the weighted\ncategorical cross-entropy as cost function allow the extraction of more\nmeaningful uncertainty measures compared to smaller patches and soft dice loss.\nAmong the three uncertainty measures Mean Pairwise Dice shows the strongest\ncorrelation with segmentation quality. Our study serves as a proof-of-concept\nof how uncertainty measures can be used to assess the quality of a predicted\nsegmentation, potentially serving to flag low quality segmentations from a\ngiven model for further human review.\n
Navigating the cervical cancer screening guidelines for women aged older than 65 years

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract One of the most notable changes stemming from consensus guidance in 2012 is cessation of cervical cancer screening in low-risk women aged older than 65 years. Despite evidence provided for this recommendation, implementation in clinical practice can be challenging, with resistance from patients and providers. This NAMS Practice Pearl reviews data supporting this recommendation and provides clinicians with confidence as we counsel our patients.
Radio Frequency Nonionizing Radiation in a Community Exposed to Radio and Television Broadcasting

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Exposure to radio frequency (RF) nonionizing radiation from telecommunications is pervasive in modern society. Elevated disease risks have been observed in some populations exposed to radio and television transmissions, although findings are inconsistent. This study quantified RF exposures among 280 residents living near the broadcasting transmitters for Denver, Colorado. RF power densities outside and inside each residence were obtained, and a global positioning system (GPS) identified geographic coordinates and elevations. A view-shed model within a geographic information system (GIS) characterized the average distance and percentage of transmitters visible from each residence. Data were collected at the beginning and end of a 2.5-day period, and some measurements were repeated 8-29 months later. RF levels logged at 1-min intervals for 2.5 days varied considerably among some homes and were quite similar among others. The greatest differences appeared among homes within 1 km of the transmitters. Overall, there were no differences in mean residential RF levels compared over 2.5 days. However, after a 1- to 2-year follow-up, only 25% of exterior and 38% of interior RF measurements were unchanged. Increasing proximity, elevation, and line-of-sight visibility were each associated with elevated RF exposures. At average distances from > 1-3 km, exterior RF measurements were 13-30 times greater among homes that had > 50% of the transmitters visible compared with homes with < or = 50% visibility at those distances. This study demonstrated that both spatial and temporal factors contribute to residential RF exposure and that GPS/GIS technologies can improve RF exposure assessment and reduce exposure misclassification.
Seclusion and Restraint: Rethinking Regulation from a Human Rights Perspective

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article examines a number of options for regulating seclusion and restraint in Australia in light of international human rights standards and comparative international approaches. While seclusion and restraint can sometimes be beneficial for the protection of individuals, these practices can also cause serious psychological and physical harm. It is therefore necessary to reconcile any need for the use of seclusion and restraint with the risks associated with their practice. This article proposes that regulation should occur via a combination of detailed legislation and codes of practice.
Informasi Akuntansi dan Harga Saham Perusahaan LQ45

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper examine relationship of accounting information and stock price of LQ45 firms. Earnings per share (EPS), book-value per share (BVPS) and net operating cash flow per share (NOCFPS) are used as independent variables and stock price as dependent variable. Hypothesis was tested using balanced panel data set of 23 listed companies included in the LQ45 index during 2013-2017. The result of this study shows that EPS and NOCFPS has a positive effect on stock price, while there is no evidence that BVPS has effect on stock price.
Rh-Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation of 2-Substituted 4H-(Thio)chromenes for Synthesis of Chiral (Thio)chromanes

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Rh-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of 2-substituted 4H-thiochromenes and 4H-chromenes was successfully developed. This method provided highly efficient access to a series of chiral 2-substituted thiochromanes and chromanes in high yields with excellent enantioselectivities (up to 99% yield, 86-99% ee). The obtained chiral 2-substituted thiochromane products were also successfully transformed to corresponding chiral α-substituted sulfoxides and sulfones with excellent enantioselectivities. Furthermore, this highly enantioselective hydrogenation process could be successfully applied to the concise and practical synthesis of the chiral pharmaceutical BW683C.
Beyond the borders: American literature and post-colonial theory

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Introduction ETHNIC LITERATURE AND POST-COLONIALISM 1. Indigenous Literatures and Postcolonial Theories: Reading from Comparative Frames Chadwick Allen, Ohio State University POST-COLONIALISM AT HOME 2. 'Going Into a Whole Different Country': Postcolonial 'Nation'-hood in Native American Literature Lee Schweninger and Cara Cilano, University of North Carolina, Wilmington 3. Origin Story: On Being a White Native American(ist) John Peacock, Maryland Institute College of Art 4. Counter-Discursive Strategies in Contemporary Chicana Writing Deborah L. Madsen, University of Geneva 5. 'At Least One Negro Everywhere': African American Travel Writing Alasdair Pettinger 6. Unsettling Asian-American Literature: When More than America is in the Heart Rajini Srikanth, University of Massachusetts, Boston 7. Forging a Postcolonial Identity: Women of Chinese Ancestry Writing in English Mary Conde, Queen Mary & Westfield College, University of London 8. Border Crossings: Filipino American Literature in the United States Angela Noelle Williams, San Jose State University 9. Reading the Literatures of Hawai'i under an Americanist Rubric Paul Lyons, University of Hawai'i-Manoa POST-COLONIALISM IN THE BORDER REGIONS 10. Writing Migrations: The Place(s) of U.S. Puerto Rican Literature Frances R. Aparicio, University of Illinois 11. Diasporic Disconnections: Insurrection and Forgetfulness in Contemporary Haitian and Latin-Caribbean Women's Literature Myriam J. A. Chancy, Arizona State University 12. Reclaiming Maps and Metaphors: Canadian First Nations and Narratives of Place Richard J. Lane, University of Debrecen 13. Thomas King and Contemporary Indigenous Identities Laura Peters, University of Surrey, Roehampton AMERICAN POST-COLONIALISM AT HOME AND ABROAD 14. Vietnamese and Vietnamese American Literature in a Postcolonial Context Renny Christopher, California State University, Channel Islands 15. Politics, Pleasure and Intertextuality in Contemporary Southeast Asian Women's Writing Julie Shackford-Bradley, California State University, Monterey Bay 16. U.S. and US: American Literatures of Immigration and Assimilation Geraldine Stoneham, London South Bank University Notes on Contributors Index
Systematic identification of proteins regulated by the TOR Complex 2-dependent kinase Ypk1 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Eukaryotic plasma membranes are highly complex structures, both with respect to molecular composition and spatial organization. This composition and organization is essential for cellular function and must be maintained during dramatic shifts in extracellular environment that challenge membrane homeostasis. In the model eukaryote Saccharomyces cerevisiae, signaling by TOR Complex 2 (TORC2) and its effector kinases Ypk1 and Ypk2 is modulated in response to various membrane stresses and cells deficient in TORC2-Ypk signaling have membrane defects, suggesting that this signaling pathway is important for maintaining membrane homeostasis. To understand the molecular mechanisms by which TORC2-Ypk1 signaling regulates membrane homeostasis, I devised a three-tiered genome-wide screen to identify substrates of Ypk kinases. This screen identified 12 novel Ypk substrates in a variety of processes linking TORC2-Ypk signaling to membrane homeostasis including: lipid metabolism, glycerol metabolism, peroxisome function and autophagy. I then performed detailed studies of the regulation of identified substrates Lac1 and Lag1, components of the ceramide synthase complex, a lipid metabolism enzyme. In response to various membrane stresses, TORC2-Ypk1 activates ceramide synthase. This activation is essential in allowing cells to survive these stresses. Interestingly, it appears that activation of ceramide synthase promotes stress survival not by increasing ceramide levels, but rather by preventing the accumulation of ceramide precursors. Lastly, I characterized the TORC2-Ypk regulation of identified substrates Fps1, Gpt2 and Smp1, proteins involved in glycerol metabolism and the cellular response to hyperosmotic shock. I show that TORC2-Ypk is a novel hyperosmotic shock responsive pathway and that TORC2-Ypk coordinately regulates glycerol metabolism substrates to promote accumulation of glycerol, balance osmolarity and promote cellular survival. Thus, this work has identified at least some of the molecular mechanisms by which TORC2-Ypk signaling restores membrane homeostasis in the face of environmental stress.
Poststroke Neuropsychiatric Symptoms: Relationships with IL-17 and Oxidative Stress

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Stroke variably activates interleukin- (IL-) 17 expression, reduces regulatory T cells, and induces oxidative stress, which may support neurodegeneration. Ischemic stroke patients were screened for depressive symptoms (Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression (CES-D)) and cognitive status (Mini Mental State Examination). Proinflammatory cytokines (IL-17, IL-23, and interferon- [IFN-] γ ), anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, and lipid hydroperoxide (LPH), a measure of oxidative stress, were assayed from fasting serum. Of 47 subjects (age 71.8 ± 14.4 years, 36% female), 19 had depressive symptoms (CES-D ≥ 16), which was associated with poorer cognitive status (F1,46=8.44,P=0.006). IL-17 concentrations did not differ between subjects with and without depressive symptoms (F1,46=8.44,P=0.572); however, IL-17 was associated with poorer cognitive status in subjects with depressive symptoms (F1,46=9.29,P=0.004). In those subjects with depressive symptoms, IL-17 was associated with higher LPH (ρ=0.518,P=0.023) and lower IL-10 (ρ=-0.484,P=0.036), but not in those without. In conclusion, poststroke depressive symptoms may be associated with cognitive vulnerability to IL-17 related pathways, involving an imbalance between proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory activity and increased oxidative stress.