jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Flexural Performance of a Pultruded GFRP Short Beam with Reinforced Concrete Infill

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This study reports on the results of an experimental investigation into the flexural behaviour of a hybrid pultruded GFRP reinforced concrete short beam. The external pultruded GFRP composites not only protect the concrete core from chemical attacks in the marine environment but also serve as structural enhancements to the hybrid system. Conversely, the concrete core provides the system with bulk size and structural stability. The experimental results, including the load-displacement curves and failure modes, are compared for the reinforced beams with or without the external GFRP reinforcements. The loading capacity shows in increase of 150 % when compared to the normal reinforced short beams. © 2024, Avestia Publishing. All rights reserved.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antiinflammatory Activity of 1‐(6′‐Substituted‐2′‐benzothiazolyl)‐3,4‐dimethylpyrano[2,3‐c]pyrazol‐6(1H)‐ones.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract The title compounds (IV) can be synthesized by the two pathways shown in the scheme.
Disconnected: An Examination of Organizational Trust and Psychological Sense of Community in a Networked Environment

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The concept of trust in human relationship has gained much attention over the past decade. The majority of the trust literature focuses on the definition of trust and the development and maintenance of trust. Most scholars agree that trust is developed and maintained through dialogue and socialization, including verbal and nonverbal social cues. The literature suggests that individuals share information and build communities with persons they trust. Within an organizational environment, higher degrees of trust enhance the discovering processes and, ultimately, the ability of groups and organizations to fully function. A "sense of community" is created in environments that encourage open and honest communication among their members. Despite the research supporting a link between socialization, communication, and trust, there is almost no research that specifically addresses the relationship between communication technologies that eliminate face-to-face interaction and organizational trust and sense of community. E-mail, a tool that enables members of an organization to communicate with one another despite differences in time and location, is used by a vast majority of corporations to communicate with its organizational members. While e-mail communication provides many advantages, the literature in this area suggests that this tool may limit the amount of "human moments" at work, which may relate to decreased levels of trust and feelings of community in the workplace. \n\nThis study was aimed at learning more about this phenomenon. Using a questionnaire developed that included three valid and reliable instruments of trust and sense of community, responses were collected from members of selected teams within a large, international organization to examine the relationships between trust, community, and e-mail communication. Other demographic and organizational data was also collected. Although no relationship was found between e-mail use, organizational trust, and psychological sense of community in the workplace, the results suggest that factors other than communication medium influence feelings of trust and community. Implications of the findings as well as recommendations for practice and future research are provided.
Implant prosthetic rehabilitation of the patients with mandibular resection following oral malignoma surgery.

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Patient underwent mandibular resection due to surgical therapy of oropharingeal malignoma. Facial asymmetry and cosmetic distortion are frequent consequences of such interventions, which may also include deviation and intrusion of the mandible, motor and sensory disorders, abnormal intermaxillary relations and malocclusion. Implant-supported prosthesis could be an optimal solution to prosthodontic treatment of such patients. However, there is a problem in determination of stable (interocclusal) intermaxillary relations. This article describes the choice of therapy and procedures undertaken in prosthetic rehabilitation of a patient who underwent mandibular resection and radiotherapy with supported prosthesis retained with four implants.
IMPORTANCE OF LEADERSHIP AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP FOR THE PERFORMANCE OF THE POULTRY SECDTOR IN ARGENTINA

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The Argentine “industrial aviculture” started by 1960. The great development of the poultry sector was during the 1990s as a consequence of the direct price transfer due to technological and organizational improvements achieved in the sector. The objective of this paper is to identify how leadership and entrepreneurship have been important elements in the development of the Argentine poultry sector. The poultry sector is one of the faster development in Argentina and one that offers higher quality. This was achieved only because of great coordination due to leadership and entrepreneurship both at micro and macro level.
The specificity of UV-induced mutations at an endogenous locus in mammalian cells.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

We have used a rapid in vivo recombinational method to clone and completely sequence 34 UV-induced mutants at the adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (APRT) locus of Chinese hamster ovary cells. Among the mutants recovered, 26 were single base substitutions including 17 G.C----A.T transitions and a single A.T----G.C transition. Three of the 4 possible transversions accounted for the remaining 8 mutations. The G.C----T.A transversion was not recovered. Six tandem double or closely neighboring double-base substitutions, one double mutation consisting of a G.C----T.A transversion and an adjacent frameshift, as well as one single frameshift mutation were also recovered. UV-induced mutation appears to be targeted to dipyrimidine sites with only two exceptions. These include two double mutations where only one of the base substitutions occurred at a dipyrimidine site. The observed specificity of UV-light-induced mutations at the APRT locus is consistent with the argument that G.C----A.T transitions result primarily from the (6-4) pyrimidine pyrimidone lesion. A striking resemblance in the distribution of UV-induced mutants and a collection of 30 spontaneous mutants identified recently in our laboratory was noted. Both share a common strong site of multiple occurrence and a considerable degree of overlap with respect to site specificity. We speculate therefore that DNA context plays a significant role in mutation fixation in mammalian cells.
Data from: Using greenhouse gas fluxes to define soil functional types

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Aim: Soils provide key ecosystem services and directly control ecosystem functions; thus, there is a need to define the reference state of soil functionality. Most common functional classifications are vegetation-centered, such as plant functional types (PFTs), and neglect soil characteristics and processes. We propose Soil Functional Types (SFTs) as a conceptual approach to represent and describe the functionality of soils based on characteristics of their greenhouse gas (GHG) flux dynamics. Methods: We used automated measurements of CO2, CH4 and N2O soil fluxes in a forested area to define SFTs as surface areas with similar GHG dynamics. We performed mixed effects models, and independent cluster analyses of our environmental variables and SFT classifications. Results Unique groupings based on SFTs, but not environmental variables, supported the hypothesis that SFTs provide additional insights on the spatial variability of soil functionality beyond information represented by commonly measured soil parameters (e.g., soil moisture, soil temperature, litter biomass). Conclusions: This approach could complement vegetation-based functional classifications to better represent the broad range of ecosystem functions. A global application of the proposed SFT framework will only be possible if there is a community-wide effort to share data and create a global database of GHG emissions from soils.
Importance of Location and Timing of Electrical Stimuli in Terminating Sustained Functional Reentry in Isolated Swine Ventricular Tissues

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background In excitable chemical media, a spiral wave is formed by reentrant excitation around a core and normal propagation away from the core. Whether or not this applies to cardiac muscle is unknown. Methods and Results In six isolated swine ventricular slices, we induced sustained episodes of functional reentry with a stationary core. A train of stimuli applied away from the core (7- to 8-mm distance) and near the core (within 1.6 mm) terminated 5 of 24 and 14 of 17 episodes of reentry, respectively ( P <.001). When the stimulus was applied away from the core, successful terminations occurred when the line connecting the stimulus and the core was along the myocardial fiber orientation and when the coupling interval was 54±11% of the reentrant cycle length. Stimulation near the core terminated reentry primarily by propagation of the stimulus-induced wave fronts that closed up the excitable gap. However, in two episodes, the application of a stimulus near the core changed the electrogram morphology in only four bipolar pairs. This was sufficient to cause abrupt termination of reentry. Conclusions (1) A thin layer of activation near the core is responsible for the maintenance of functional reentry. (2) Access to the tissue near the core is essential for the termination of functional reentry by a point stimulus. (3) To terminate reentry with a stimulus away from the core, the stimulus must occur at certain critical coupling intervals, and the line connecting the stimulus and the core must be roughly parallel to the fiber orientation.
Stokes' Law and the Limiting Conductance of Organic Ions.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEArticleNEXTStokes' Law and the Limiting Conductance of Organic Ions.Emanuel GonickCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1946, 50, 4, 291–300Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1946Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1946https://doi.org/10.1021/j150448a001RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views76Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (508 KB) Get e-Alerts
First results from the Nimbus 7 total ozone mapping spectrometer

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) instrument was launched on the Nimbus 7 satellite in October 1978. This instrument is designed to measure spatial variations in the total ozone field. The employed technique is an extension of the Backscattered Ultraviolet (BUV) total ozone method. The TOMS instrument has an improved capability for detailed monitoring of total ozone. The obtained data appear to contain information about dynamical processes in the upper troposphere and the lower stratosphere. Investigations are being conducted to determine qualitatively the conditions, if any, where total ozone fails as a predictor for tropopause height. Quantitative relations between the dynamic parameters and total ozone are also being studied.
Increased levels of hemoglobin-derived and other peptides in Alzheimer's disease cerebellum

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Several studies point to the importance of peptides and proteolysis in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Because of its ability to study small proteins and peptides, reverse-phase HPLC was employed to study these species in AD. Cerebellum was chosen for these initial studies because it does not show significant neuronal loss but does show some pathology in AD. Examination of over 600 peptide peaks per case revealed 15 that were elevated in AD. Nine were fragments of hemoglobin, and the remainder included two species of calmodulin, two of myelin basic protein, and one each of 67 kDa neurofilament protein and PEP-19. The cleavage sites on hemoglobin were after hydrophobic residues and immunolocalization was seen preferentially around blood vessel walls and granule cells. The elevation of the non-serum-derived peptides was characteristic of general metabolic changes that occurred in AD cerebellum, and the presence of elevated hemoglobin polypeptides indicated either possible disruption of the blood-brain barrier or selective evasion of it by peptidaceous products. Further studies are required to establish whether hemoglobin fragments have a role in neurodegenerative processes such as AD.
An experiment to measure theI-Vcharacteristics of a silicon solar cell

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Solar cells often capture the public’s attention and are a source of fascination to students (Hamakawa 1987, Zweibel 1990). We have found it profitable to tap this interest in solar cells by introducing students at an early stage of their undergraduate curriculum to the rudiments of photovoltaic devices. The purpose of this article is to describe a very simple experiment that allows college students in introductory physics courses to plot the I-V characteristics of a solar cell, and hence measure important photovoltaic parameters, such as the fill factor (E) and light conversion efficiency. A simple solar cell experiment The following experiment was performed using a commercial polycrystalline silicon solar cell with
Immunological studies on thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We studied the immunological changes on five cases of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP). One autopsy case showed multiple vascular occlusions at the capillaries and small arteries. These occlusions had been caused by thrombi consisting of homogenous material which stained PAS positive and phosphotungstic acidhematoxylin (PTAH) negative. An IgM deposition was present on the walls of the capillaries of heart and spleen. Two cases showed chronic relapse requiring plasma infusion, and other two cases obtained complete remission by plasma therapy.Two cases showed some serological abnormalities; RA positive, ASK positive, ANF positive. But these continuous abnormalities have not developed the relapse of TTP. Other abnormalities on complements, subpopulation of lymphocyte and circulating immune complex (CIC) recovered in remission, and remained to be recovered in the relapse of TTP. Titers of platelet associated antibodies (PAIgG) have changed accompanying to pathophysiological state of TTP, and related reversely to platelet count. PAIgG might be related to pathogenesis of TTP.
WHEN INDEMNITY BECOMES DISDAINFUL: REVENGE AS METAPHOR FOR â€˜UNFINISHED BUSINESSESâ€™ IN POST-APARTHEID SOUTH AFRICAN DRAMA

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Revenge, as an instance of oppositionality, typifies past wrongs, evils, violations and disregard for human dignity which have been imputed and for which the offender must be reprimanded. The foregoing sequence is remindful of the dastardly apartheid dispensation in South Africa, which is a strong metaphor for strife and â€˜rupturedâ€™ human interactions. While the transition of South Africa to constitutionality was substantially heralded by the negotiating preponderances of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC), a number of people have adjudged the TRC to be a mere attempt to draw a curtain on the past - in sharp contrast to the spirit and letter of the commission. By so doing, there is a popular opinion that there are still some â€˜unfinished businessâ€™ that ironically link the present with the past. Therefore, it is considered a â€˜mustâ€™ that these â€˜silencesâ€™ be addressed in order for the present and future of South Africa not to be intractably burdened by the past. Bhekizizwe Petersonâ€™s and Ramadan Sulemanâ€™s Zulu Love Letter (both film and scripted play) has joined this discourse by artistically amplifying the need for an engagement with these â€˜deafening silencesâ€™. It is in the light of the aforementioned that this article investigates the process of wrong and attempts by the hegemony to expiate such wrongs, in the context of impervious agents, who disregard the processes for peaceful engagements, but rather scorn and threaten victims of their vicious actions for daring to seek justice. The article sees such a repudiation of oneâ€™s evil act and the conciliatory stance of the government as capable of breeding revenge. However, the article concludes that when medicated, using certain cultural and religious beliefs, the bleeding heart that is prone to seeking revenge or retaliation (vengeance) might also be a carrier of forgiveness and collectivism.
Worlds Apart: Orienta1ism, Antifeminism, and Heresy in Chaucer's Man of Law's Tale

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

(1996). Worlds Apart: Orienta1ism, Antifeminism, and Heresy in Chaucer's Man of Law's Tale. Exemplaria: Vol. 8, No. 1, pp. 59-96.
Muslim Saints in the Age of Neoliberalism

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

<p>\n\tDrawing on research in two different Islamic religious centres and among three lineages of Islamic religious specialists in Mali, this article traces transformations in the nature of religious authority that have accompanied the neoliberal reforms of the last two decades. The author examines some of the ways in which the world of commodities has come to permeate the largely ritualized 'visits' with or 'pilgrimages' to exceptional Muslim religious leaders considered saints. He argues that certain processes of commodification - the exchange of blessings and prayers for commodities, the proliferation of personal and impersonal Islamic religious commodities - have intensified around saints in the neoliberal era. He further argues that such saints have become more privatized religious figures - effectively free-floating sanctifiers - in a religious economy that has come to be more like a market. Not only have these saints been able to outlast secular political regimes, but they also seem to have overcome some of the uncertainties of the market and even appear to offer ordinary people the means of doing so. [ASC Leiden abstract]</p>
Dichomitus squalens partially tailors its molecular responses to the composition of solid wood

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Summary White‐rot fungi, such as Dichomitus squalens , degrade all wood components and inhabit mixed‐wood forests containing both soft‐ and hardwood species. In this study, we evaluated how D. squalens responded to the compositional differences in softwood [guaiacyl (G) lignin and higher mannan content] and hardwood [syringyl/guaiacyl (S/G) lignin and higher xylan content] using semi‐natural solid cultures. Spruce (softwood) and birch (hardwood) sticks were degraded by D. squalens as measured by oxidation of the lignins using 2D‐NMR. The fungal response as measured by transcriptomics, proteomics and enzyme activities showed a partial tailoring to wood composition. Mannanolytic transcripts and proteins were more abundant in spruce cultures, while a proportionally higher xylanolytic activity was detected in birch cultures. Both wood types induced manganese peroxidases to a much higher level than laccases, but higher transcript and protein levels of the manganese peroxidases were observed on the G‐lignin rich spruce. Overall, the molecular responses demonstrated a stronger adaptation to the spruce rather than birch composition, possibly because D. squalens is mainly found degrading softwoods in nature, which supports the ability of the solid wood cultures to reflect the natural environment.
Predictability of Large Future Changes in Complex Systems

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

We present a systematic algorithm testing for the existence of collective self-organization in the behavior of agents in social systems, with a concrete empirical implementation on the Dow Jones Industrial Average index (DJIA) over the 20th century and on Hong Kong Hang Seng composite index (HSI) since 1969. The algorithm combines ideas from critical phenomena, the impact of agents' expectation, multi-scale analysis and the mathematical method of pattern recognition of sparse data. Trained on the three major crashes in DJIA of the century, our algorithm exhibits a remarkable ability for generalization and detects in advance 8 other significant drops or changes of regimes. An application to HSI gives promising results as well. The results are robust with respect to the variations of the recognition algorithm. We quantify the prediction procedure with error diagrams.
Investors Facing Risk II: Loss Aversion and Wealth Allocation When Utility Is Derived From Consumption and Narrowly Framed Financial Investments

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper studies the attitude of non-professional investors towards financial losses and their decisions concerning wealth allocation among consumption, risky, and risk-free financial assets. We employ a two-dimensional utility setting in which both consumption and financial wealth fluctuations generate utility. The perception of financial wealth is modelled in an extended prospect-theory framework that accounts for both the distinction between gains and losses with respect to a subjective reference point and the impact of past performance on the current perception of the risky portfolio value. The decision problem is addressed in two distinct equilibrium settings in the aggregate market with a representative investor, namely with expected and non-expected utility. Empirical estimations performed on the basis of real market data and for various parameter configurations show that both settings similarly describe the attitude towards financial losses. Yet, the recommendations regarding wealth allocation are different. Maximizing expected utility results on average in low total-wealth percentages dedicated to consumption, but supports myopic loss aversion. Non-expected utility yields more reasonable assignments to consumption but also a high preference for risky assets. In this latter setting, myopic loss aversion holds solely when financial wealth fluctuations are viewed as the main utility source and in very soft form.