jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
On Paper Partition Chromatography of Proteins and Carbohydrates from Carcinomatous and Noncarcinomatous Tissues and Body Fluids

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

1. The sugar and amino acid components of the proteins and the carbohydrates from carcinomatous and non-carcinomatous tissues and body fluids were identified by paper partition chromatography. The present findings indicated that the corresponding proteins and carbohydrates of carcinomatous and non-carcinomatous tissues and body fluids are resembled each other. 2. The carbohydrates were prepared from gastric cancers and human gastric mucosa, and their properties were investigated.
Modelling and predictive control techniques for building heating systems

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Model predictive control (MPC) has often been referred to in literature as a potential method for more efficient control of building heating systems. Though a significant performance improvement can be achieved with an MPC strategy, the complexity introduced to the commissioning of the system is often prohibitive. Models are required which can capture the thermodynamic properties of the building with sufficient accuracy for meaningful predictions to be made. Furthermore, a large number of tuning weights may need to be determined to achieve a desired performance. For MPC to become a practicable alternative, these issues must be addressed. Acknowledging the impact of the external environment as well as the interaction of occupants on the thermal behaviour of the building, in this work, techniques have been developed for deriving building models from data in which large, unmeasured disturbances are present. A spatio-temporal filtering process was introduced to determine estimates of the disturbances from measured data, which were then incorporated with metaheuristic search techniques to derive high-order simulation models, capable of replicating the thermal dynamics of a building. While a high-order simulation model allowed for control strategies to be analysed and compared, low-order models were required for use within the MPC strategy itself. The disturbance estimation techniques were adapted for use with system-identification methods to derive such models. MPC formulations were then derived to enable a more straightforward commissioning process and implemented in a validated simulation platform. A prioritised-objective strategy was developed which allowed for the tuning parameters typically associated with an MPC cost function to be omitted from the formulation by separation of the conflicting requirements of comfort satisfaction and energy reduction within a lexicographic framework. The improved ability of the formulation to be set-up and reconfigured in faulted conditions was shown.
Is That a Rodent in Your Luggage? A Mixed Method Approach to Describe Bushmeat Importation into the United States

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Summary Bushmeat, defined as meat derived from wild animals, is a potential source of zoonotic pathogens. Bushmeat from restricted animals is illegal to import into the U nited S tates under US federal regulations. We reviewed US C enters for D isease C ontrol and P revention ( CDC ) port of entry surveillance records from S eptember 2005 through D ecember 2010 and conducted focus group studies to describe trends in and reasons for bushmeat importation into the U nited S tates. In total, 543 confiscated bushmeat items were recorded. Half of the confiscated bushmeat items identified were rodents. Africa was the most frequent continent of origin. Seasonality was evident, with bushmeat confiscations peaking in late spring to early summer. Four times more bushmeat was confiscated during an enhanced surveillance period in June 2010 compared with the same period in previous years, suggesting that routine surveillance underestimated the amount of bushmeat detected at US P orts of E ntry. Focus groups held in three major US cities revealed that bushmeat importation is a multifaceted issue. Longstanding cultural practices of hunting and eating bushmeat make it difficult for consumers to acknowledge potential health and ecologic risks. Also, US merchants selling A frican goods, including bushmeat, in their stores have caused confusion among importers as to whether importation is truly illegal. Enhancing routine surveillance for bushmeat and consistent enforcement of penalties at all ports of entry, along with health education aimed at bushmeat importers, might be useful to deter illegal importation.
Prolonged Ambulatory pH Monitoring Is a Waste of Time

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Twenty-four hour (24h) multichannel intraluminal impedance (MII)-pH monitoring is the gold standard for evaluating gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) refractory to proton pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy. Previous studies have shown that reflux is primarily a postprandial event, and reflux episodes decrease drastically in the recumbent position, suggesting that 24h monitoring is likely unnecessary. Studies have not previously been done to develop criteria for diagnosing reflux with shorter monitoring periods. The aim of this study is to determine the shortest time and associated parameters for MII-pH testing necessary to accurately diagnose abnormal reflux. Methods: A retrospective study was performed on 100 patients from January 1, 2014-September 30, 2014 that were seen at the Medical University of South Carolina to evaluate possible GERD. We reviewed 24h MII-pH performed either on or off PPI therapy. Patients were excluded if they had previously undergone gastric bypass surgery. Number of reflux episodes per hour for each patient was analyzed for eight hours setting time zero as time of first meal after probe placement. Total number of reflux episodes per hour for normal and abnormal patients were summed. Receiver operator characteristic curves were plotted, using 24h data as the gold standard to determine number of episodes needed for diagnosis in the shorter period of time (Figure 1).Figure 1Results: 100 ambulatory 24h MII-pH studies were reviewed; 50 normal studies and 50 abnormal studies, based solely on the number of reflux episodes per 24h, with a cutoff of 48 episodes, including both acid and non-acid reflux. Mean age of the subjects was 53 and 58 for normal and abnormal study subjects, with 58% and 64% female, respectively. 32% of the normal studies and 22% of the abnormal studies were performed on proton pump inhibitor therapy. Highly sensitive and specific results were found with all time ranges, especially hours 3 through 8 (Table 1).Table 1: Sensitivity and Specificity of shorter MII-pH studiesConclusion: Ambulatory MII-pH studies can be performed in as little as three hours, with highly sensitive and specific results. A shorter monitoring period oriented around a meal will make this ambulatory testing more comfortably ambulatory.
Note-taking in Academic Listening: A Translanguaging Perspective

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

With the increasing demands for academic listening and note-taking in English for academic purposes (EAP) settings, L2 English students are expected to understand academic listening tasks introduced by their professors, understand the key information given by the speakers, and take notes while listening so as not to miss the important points. This study reports on EAP students’ note-taking in academic listening from a translanguaging perspective. It explores the integration of note-taking (Turkish and English, translanguaging) into an academic listening course in Türkiye and its effects on 45 Turkish students’ L2 English listening test scores, with the achievement level of students as a moderating variable. The results show the noticeable effect of note-taking in English and translanguaging on the students’ listening test scores. The article provides empirical descriptions of note-taking instruction and discusses the pedagogical implications, including suggestions for teachers to expand their repertoire of strategies for teaching academic listening and note-taking with a translanguaging approach.
Household food waste in rural China: A noteworthy reality and a systematic analysis

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Economic development has improved people’s daily diets in China, but food waste has increased significantly. China faces severe natural resource constraints, and reducing food waste is important for ensuring national food security. Based on 1634 survey samples from 28 provinces in China, this study assessed food waste in rural China and empirically analyzed the main factors affecting rural household food waste. The results showed that, on average, 1.67% of food is wasted per household each day in rural China. Food waste is greater in economically developed areas, such as East China. Empirical analysis showed that cooking utensils, preparing the right amount of food, religious beliefs, number of family members, average weight of family members, percentage of purchased grain in the total food consumption in 1 year, and total grain output are significantly related to rural household food waste.
The Effects of Sociocultural Factors on Social Connectedness and its Relationship with Minority Stress in LGBTQ Young Adults

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Members of the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer (LGBTQ) community have historically been ostracized from various social groups, and this victimization has been associated with multiple functional impairments (Lick, Durso & Johnson, 2013). The minority stress model suggests that a higher frequency of mental disorders exists in the LGBTQ community due to alienation and isolation from social structure and institutions. It predicts the isolation is instigated by the individual’s identification as a minority. Lick, Durso and Johnson (2013) proposed minority stress contributed to disparities in the health of sexual minorities. These disparities were categorized into three sociocultural stress categories: institutional stressors, structural stressors, and interpersonal stressors.\nSocial support has been identified as an important tool to reduce stress, and an important factor which can encourage social and psychological well-being. Social support and social connectedness are related in the sense that they embrace the development of social relationships. People with low connectedness have reported higher levels of loneliness, anxiety, depression, and lower self-esteem (Baumeister & Leary, 1995), which are similar to the ailments reported by those who suffer from minority stress.\nOur research hypothesis is that sociocultural factors such as institutional policies, structural opportunities, and interpersonal relationships influence the development in social connectedness, which may mitigate the negative outcomes that originate from minority stress. The lack of affirming and supportive environmental factors is hypothesized to correlate to a decreased sense of social connectedness. In turn, the lack of social connectedness likely renders LGBTQ individuals vulnerable to minority stress. Survey data will be used to gather information about social connectedness in LGBTQ adults. Utilizing the services provided by Qualtrics Panels, LGBTQ adults between the ages of 18-24 will be surveyed. Correlational analysis will be used to determine the relationship between the sociocultural levels discussed, social connectedness, and minority stress.
Experimental and Analytical Study of the Dynamic Characteristics of Architectural Precast Concrete Cladding

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Architectural precast concrete (APC) cladding is composed of separate panel units, each one with its own mass, stiffness, and natural modes. If a natural frequency of the panel is particularly low (< 20 Hz), the corresponding mode could be activated during an earthquake, creating amplification of accelerations in the panel and forces in the connections. To clarify this issue, a study of the dynamic characteristics of connected panels was performed. Numerical models of panels were created using SAP2000 and validated thorough experimental data from a seismic test on a full-scale building incorporating APC cladding. Since these models revealed able to predict the experimental frequencies of the panels, they were used to perform further investigations. Namely, a sensitivity study was conducted to determine the effects of the stiffness and location of the connections, geometry of the panels, and stiffness of the concrete on the dynamic behavior of the panels.
Coronary artery anomalies in tetralogy of Fallot patients evaluated by multi slice computed tomography; myocardial bridge is not a rare finding

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Based on coronary angiography and interoperative inspection, anomalous origin of coronary artery crossing the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) is common in tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) patients. However, other coronary anomalies may be underestimated due to the overlying myocardium, epicardial fat, or adhesions due to previous palliative surgery. Currently, coronary artery visibility dramatically improved by multislice computed tomography (MSCT). We performed this study to assess the coronary arteries anatomy in TOF patients using MSCT. All TOF patients underwent MSCT examination at our centre from 2013 till 2019 were included. Assessment of the coronary arteries’ origin and course were performed. Presence of myocardial bridge were assessed, and indexed RV mass was calculated. 318 TOF patients were included, median age 2 years (range 1 month–46 years), 175 males (55%). The abnormal coronary artery origin and course were detected in 20 patients (6%); coronary artery crossed RVOT in 13 patients (65%), 5 patients (25%) had a retro-aortic course and 2 patient (10%) had inter-arterial course. Myocardial bridges of left anterior descending artery or/and right coronary artery were reported in 100 patients (36%), no myocardial bridge of left circumflex was reported. RV mass was 29.0 ± 21.1 g/m 2 . There was no correlation between RV mass and presence of myocardial bridges. MSCT is a useful imaging modality for detection of coronary arteries anomalies in TOF patients. Coronary artery crossing RVOT is not the only abnormal course and myocardial bridging is not a rare finding. Further studies are needed to demonstrate the clinical significance of these observations.
Effect on outcome of the lengthening waiting list for liver transplantation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Liver transplantation is now recognised as a highly effective form of treatment for patients with end stage liver disease. Currently, one and five year survival rates are in excess of 80%. As a consequence of many developments in all aspects of transplantation, indications have widened and contraindications become fewer. However, the increase in the number of patients referred for transplantation has not been matched by an increase in donor rates. Despite the innovative use of techniques to make fullest use of the donor pool, such as splitting of livers and increasing use of marginal livers (those livers where there is doubt as to initial graft function), the demand for transplantation is failing to meet the supply. The consequence of this relative shortage of donors is that more patients are on the waiting list for transplantation, those on the waiting list become sicker before they receive a graft, and there is the likelihood of more deaths on the waiting list.

In the UK the majority of patients are referred by gastroenterologists in district general hospitals to one of the seven designated liver transplant units. To make the most efficient use of these scarce livers, it is important that those clinicians referring patients for transplantation are aware of the problems consequent upon the donor shortage.

Selection of patients for liver transplantation occurs at three stages. The first stage is when the patient's doctor (usually a gastroenterologist working in a district general hospital) refers the patient for transplantation. We believe that the greatest selection occurs at this point. The second stage is when the patient is referred to the transplant unit, is assessed, and accepted on the transplant list. Indications for liver transplantation and contraindications are now relatively well established1 so it is not surprising that most referred patients are accepted onto …
Adrenocortical suppression with topical flumethasone

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Flumethasone pivalate cream, 0.03%, inuncted to the entire integument under polyethylene film wraps resulted in sufficient percutaneous corticosteroid absorption to cause adrenocortical suppression in three patients with severe, generalized, exfoliative dermatitis. Despite several recent reports indicating that this topical corticosteroid does not suppress adrenocortical function, it appears that this new, fluorinated steriod can cause such suppression if applied in sufficient amounts under occlusive dressings in patients with extensive and severe dermatoses.
Evaluation of Hydrogels Based on Oxidized Hyaluronic Acid for Bioprinting

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

In this study, we evaluate hydrogels based on oxidized hyaluronic acid, cross-linked with adipic acid dihydrazide, for their suitability as bioinks for 3D bioprinting. Aldehyde containing hyaluronic acid (AHA) is synthesized and cross-linked via Schiff Base chemistry with bifunctional adipic acid dihydrazide (ADH) to form a mechanically stable hydrogel with good printability. Mechanical and rheological properties of the printed and casted hydrogels are tunable depending on the concentrations of AHA and ADH cross-linkers.
Disigning an internal lean distribution process for an engineering company in Thailand

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The project described in this article is concerned with using ‘Lean’ concepts in designing a distribution processes to improve a firm’s operation and performance in supply chain functions. It focuses on an engineering company in Thailand. The aim is to make the company increasingly competitive in delivering value to the customer on price, quality, and on-time delivery. Although applying ‘Lean’ is new in Thailand especially in administrative processes, it is widespread in Japanese and American organizations. ‘Lean’ is used to find and eliminate all non value-adding activities from a firm’s processes so as to improve efficiency and effectiveness.
This paper simulates the process design using lean thinking by focusing on one of the core support functions in the supply chain, the distribution processes, to indentify and removing waste from the processes. This will dramatically improve the reliable performance of assets (people, method, and fixed assets). Reliable assets become an absolute prerequisite for running a competitive business. The results from the simulation provide the optimal solution before actual implementation. This solution will impact the flow efficiency of distribution and produce considerable saving of resources and create value in the supply chain.
In summary, the new proposed distribution processes will be designed to replace the existing processes. This lean distribution system will reduce the number of administrative staff, solve the problem of redundant functions, decrease waste time and waiting time, and make cost reductions.
Benchmarking insider threat intrusion detection systems

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Benchmarking Insider Threat Intrusion Detection Systems by Binbin Ye Abstract: An intrusion detection system generally detects unwanted manipulations to computer systems. In recent years, this technology has been used to protect personal information after it has been collected by an organization. Selecting an appropriate IDS is an important decision for system security administrators, to keep authorized employees from abusing their access to the system to exploit sensitive information. To date, little work has been done to create a benchmark for small and mid-size organizations to measure and compare the capability of different insider threat IDSs which are based on user profiling. It motivates us to create a benchmark which enables organizations to compare these different IDSs. The benchmark is used to produce useful comparisons of the accuracy and overhead of two key research implementations of future insider threat intrusion algorithms, which are based on user behavior. An intrusion detection system generally detects unwanted manipulations to computer systems. In recent years, this technology has been used to protect personal information after it has been collected by an organization. Selecting an appropriate IDS is an important decision for system security administrators, to keep authorized employees from abusing their access to the system to exploit sensitive information. To date, little work has been done to create a benchmark for small and mid-size organizations to measure and compare the capability of different insider threat IDSs which are based on user profiling. It motivates us to create a benchmark which enables organizations to compare these different IDSs. The benchmark is used to produce useful comparisons of the accuracy and overhead of two key research implementations of future insider threat intrusion algorithms, which are based on user behavior.
Medieval German Expansion in Bohemia and Poland

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The bohemians, or Czecho-Slovaks, and the Poles were the only nations of the northern Slavs during the Middle Ages who successfully maintained their national integrity and their national self-consciousness in the face of the enormous German pressure imposed upon them. The profoundest change in Bohemian life since the introduction of Christianity began just at this time, in the middle of the eleventh century, namely, the influx of German colonists and traders in large numbers. Henceforth, through all the wavering allegiance or hostility of Poland and Hungary in the middle of the eleventh century, Bohemia held fast to Germany. Sometimes a Bohemian village received so many German colonists that it was practically changed into a German settlement, and then even its ancient name was changed. Thus the counts of Bogen, who held much land in the vicinity of the Bohemian forest, colonized the Czech village of Susice with so many Germans that its name was changed to Schuttenhofen.