jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Purification and characterization of Rhodobacter sphaeroides acyl carrier protein

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Acyl carrier protein (ACP) has been purified from the facultative phototrophic bacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides. The ACP preparation was greater than 95% homogeneous as determined by native and disodium dodecyl sulfate (Na2DodSO4)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoreses and N-terminal amino acid analysis. Amino acid compositional analysis revealed that the protein contains approximately 75 amino acids, has a calculated minimum molecular weight of 8700, and lacks the amino acids tyrosine and tryptophan. The presence of the characteristic 4'-phosphopantetheine prosthetic group was indicated by the occurrence of equimolar quantities of beta-alanine and taurine in amino acid hydrolysates and was confirmed by independent chemical analysis. The protein displayed a pI of 3.8 and had a calculated partial specific volume of 0.732 mL/g. The primary structure of the protein has been determined for the first 46 amino acid residues from the N terminus of the molecule, and the region of the molecule encompassing the amino acids from residues 31 to 44 was found to have 100% homology with the identical residues in Escherichia coli ACP. In contrast to E. coli ACP, R. sphaeroides ACP migrated according to its molecular weight during Na2DodSO4 gel electrophoresis, was resistant to pH-induced denaturation, and comigrated with the cis-vaccenoyl-ACP derivative during native gel electrophoresis. It is proposed that the basis for these properties is the enhanced hydrophobic character of the protein.
Teaching Stories for Sociology: The Fables of James Thurber

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

E very teacher is a storyteller. Teaching sociology is telling (so we believe) true stories about life in human society. We tell different stories about social life-social change stories and deviance stories, for example-and different versions of these stories -functional and conflict versions of the social change story, anomie and labeling versions of the deviance story, and so on. These are the big teaching stories we all tell. There are smaller stories, however, which we use to help teach a particular, limited idea, or to underline a point, or to get a laugh-stories which are not big enough to teach an entire topic. Some of these smaller teaching stories which I use in my sociology courses are the subject of this essay. From a teacher's point of view, the best of these teaching stories are those which teach an important lesson, and which teach it in an interesting way. If the story if good, students will remember it and the lesson it teaches. My students tell me that of the stories I use, they like best the fables of James Thurber. They remember his stories and, remembering them, are also likely to remember the lessons those stories help to teach. The fables, I believe, teach valid lessons about social life, lessons which students should get from courses in sociology. Thurber's fables, Fables for Our Time (1943) and Further Fables for Our Time (1956), are in the classic tradition of Aesop and La Fontaine. As his predecessors did, Thurber uses animal
Weak mixed lymphocyte culture response in the Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus).

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

A study was made to determine whether the mixed lymphocyte culture test could detect histocompatibility differences between two strains of the Mongolian gerbil, Meriones unguiculatus. A semi-micro mixed lymphocyte culture was developed using 6 X 10(5) stimulating and responding cells per 0.12 ml culture volume at a ratio of 1:1. A culture period of 120 hours was found to be optimal. Although a weak allogeneic response was demonstrated with the Uclp:(MON) strain responding to stimulating cells from the MON/Tum strain, the reverse was not seen. A mixed lymphocyte reaction to xenogeneic (mouse) cells was demonstrated, and response to the mitogen, phytohemagglutinin, was strong. These data and the low stimulation index obtained in allogeneic culture supported the view that histocompatibility differences among different strains of the Mongolian gerbil are weak.
Differences in the salt amount of the bread sold in different regions of Turkey: A descriptive study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Excess salt intake is associated with the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and bread contributes to daily salt intake. The aim of this study was to determine the amount of salt in white bread (WB) and whole wheat bread (WWB). Breads were purchased from public selling points and bakeries in seven regions of Turkey. Mohr method was used to determine the salt ratio. Mean salt ratio of breads was 1.28 ± 0.39% (1.31 ± 0.37% WB; 1.25 ± 0.41% WWB) (p˃0.05). The salt ratio of bread sold at public selling points and bakeries was 1.31 ± 0.39%, and 1.22 ± 0.39%, respectively (p = 0.009). The majority of bread in Turkey was found appropriate to implemented legislation regulation and was not different according to the regions. However, it is noteworthy that there was a difference according to the place of sale.
The Development of ASHS HortBase—A Global Information System

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In 1997, the ASHS Board of Directors established ASHS HortBase as a Standing Committee of the Society. The ASHS HortBase Committee, a six-member Standing Committee and Chair, is charged to implement and maintain ASHS HortBase. The members of the ASHS HortBase Committee will be chair and chair-elect of the three HortBase Task Forces: 1) Finance and Marketing; 2) Standards—authoring, reviewing, and publishing; and 3) Technology. ASHS HortBase is a dispersed, dynamic horticultural information system (network) on the WWW comprised of peer—reviewed, concise, interlinked information modules to meet the information needs of instructors and students, gardeners and growers. A strong advantage and distinguishing characteristic of ASHS HortBase is our dynamic pool of potential authors, reviewers, and users (ASHS Extension, Industry, and Teaching membership) to continually evolve and update the peer-reviewed information in HortBase. We have the scholastic international standing to provide peer review and validation of the information and to recognition to the authors, coupled with the marketing to stimulate wide use of their information modules. ASHS HortBase is a dispersed system (dispersed development and server costs). The “dispersed cost” for information file development and updating and delivery on the respective authors' dispersed servers disperses the major costs of the HortBase information system. Additional information on ASHS HortBase and the papers presented at the 4-h Colloquium on HortBase at ASHS-97 can be found at http://hortbase@ashs.org or contact me ( greenjl@bcc.orst.edu , phone 541.737.5452, fax 541.737.3479).
The Differences in Bispectral Index according to Age during Sevoflurane Anesthesia in Children Aged 1-7 Years

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

서 론 Bispectral index (BIS) 감시장치는 일련의 과정을 통하여 대뇌 피질의 뇌파로부터 마취약제 들의 수면 효과를 정량화 한다.이 기계는 Fourier 전환과 이중분광(bispectral)분석을 이용하여 환자의 수면상태를 하나의 숫자로 나타내는데 등전압 뇌파 (isoelectric EEG)인 경우 0, 완전한 각성 상태인 경우를 100으로 나타낸다. 1,2)현재 전신마취에 적절한 BIS는 40-65, 진정(sedation)에 적절한 BIS는 65-85인 것으로 알려져 있다. 3) 이러한 BIS의 개발은 성인에서의 자료를 토대로 한 것이므로 뇌의 성 장과 성숙이 계속되고 있는 소아에서도 똑같이 적용될 수 있을 지는 아직도 미지수로 많은 연구를 필요로 한다.1971년 BIS를 이용한 첫 임상연구가 발표된 이래 4) 많은 연구가 이루어졌으 나 소아에서의 연구는 제한적이며 더욱이 동일한 마취제 농도 에서 연령에 따른 BIS 값을 보고한 논문은 거의 찾아볼 수 없 었다.이에 본 저자들은 1-7세의 소아 환자들에서 동일한 농 도의 sevoflurane으로
Surface-Pressure and Flow-Visualization Data at Mach Number of 1.60 for Three 65 Degree Delta Wings Varying in Leading-Edge Radius and Camber

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

An experimental investigation of the effect of leading-edge radius, camber, Reynolds number, and boundary-layer state on the incipient separation of a delta wing at supersonic speeds was conducted at the Langley Unitary Plan Wind Tunnel at Mach number of 1.60 over a free-stream Reynolds number range of 1 x 10\super{6} to 5 x 10\super{6} ft\super{-1}. The three delta wing models examined had a 65 degree swept leading edge and varied in cross-sectional shape: a sharp wedge, a 20:1 ellipse, and a 20:1 ellipse with a -9.750 circular camber imposed across the span. The wings were tested with and without transition grit applied. Surface-pressure coefficient data and flow-visualization data are electronically stored on a CD-ROM. The data indicated that by rounding the wing leading edge or cambering the wing in the spanwise direction, the onset of leading-edge separation on a delta wing can be raised to a higher angle of attack than that observed on a sharp-edged delta wing. The data also showed that the onset of leading-edge separation can be raised to a higher angle of attack by forcing boundary-layer transition to occur closer to the wing leading edge by the application of grit or the increase in free-stream Reynolds number.
MicroRNA expression profiling between drug-resistant and sensitive ovarian carcinoma cells and the mechanism involved in chemotherapeutic resistance

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abract: Objective Transduct miR-17~92 inhibitory plasmid to ovarian cancer drug resistance cells and investigate the relative mechanism to provide a theoretical basis on the formation of ovarian cancer drug resistance.Methods Shengjing Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University in 2011.With retroviral infection,paclitaxel resistant SKOV3-TR30 was transducted with the miR-17~92 inhibitory plasmid and miR-17~92 empty plasmid.Before and after the transduction,the expression of miR-17~92 was validated by real-time PCR,PTEN and BIM were tested by WesternBlot.Luciferase reporter assays was applied to clarify the directly binding site of miR-17~92 to the 3 ' UTR of target gene.MTT assay and Flow Cytometry were used to detect drug-resistant ovarian cancer cell proliferation and cell cycle changes after transduction.Results MiR-17~92 is obvious overexpressed in SKOV3-TR30.Expression of miR-17~92within SKOV3-TR30 was inhibited by the transduction of miR-17~92 inhibitory plasmid and cell proliferation was inhibited,and the inhibitory effect of the paclitaxel with concentration of 100nM was the most obvious with 40.4% inhibition rate( P0.05).Paclitaxel with different concentration can cause cell arrest in the G2/M phase to SKOV3-TR30 which is transducted with miR-17~92 inhibitory plasmid and this effect is most obvious when the concentration is 100nM(P0.05).Inhibiting the expression of miR-17~92 can cause overexpression of BIM,while the expression of PTEN protein is not affected.Conclusion Through overexpression of BIM instead of PTEN,inhibition of miR-17~92 expression inhibit the proliferation of drug-resistance ovarian cancer cells and can cause cell arrest at the G2/M phase.
Development and characterization of essential fatty acid deficiency in human endothelial cells in culture.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

We induced an essential fatty acid deficiency (EFAD) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells by culture in medium with 20% (vol/vol) delipidated fetal calf serum. EFAD, reflected by decreased cellular linoleic acid (18:2 omega 6) and arachidonic acid (20:4 omega 6) and emergence of the oleic acid derivative 5,8,11-eicosatrienoic acid (20:3 omega 9; Mead's acid), was evident after 1 week of culture and became pronounced after 2 weeks. Beyond that time point, control cells (cultured in 20% normal fetal calf serum) grew deficient of 18:2 omega 6, and EFAD cells died. 18:2 omega 6 addition to EFAD cells resulted in dose-dependent increases of 18:2 omega 6 and 20:4 omega 6. 20:4 omega 6 or 5,8,11,14,17-eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5 omega 3) additions resulted in normalization of these acids, and conversion of 20:5 omega 3 to 4,7,10,13,16,19-docosahexaenoic acid (22:6 omega 3) was noted. Agonist-induced increases in concentrations of prostacycline (prostaglandin I2; PGI2) and cytosolic Ca2+, [Ca2+]i, were reduced in EFAD cells and not restored by 18:2 omega 6 or 20:4 omega 6 additions. Change of the medium in EFAD cultures 1 day before the experiments decreased 20:3 omega 9 and normalized the PGI2 production and [Ca2+]i changes, whereas addition of 20:3 omega 9 to control cells impaired the [Ca2+]i response, indicating a suppressive effect of 20:3 omega 9. Thus, EFAD in endothelial cells is associated with abnormalities of eicosanoid and second-messenger production partly attributable to 20:3 omega 9 accumulation. Moreover, the gradual emergence of 18:2 omega 6 deficiency in regularly grown control cells underlines the need for careful analysis of fatty acids in long-term cell cultures.
MicroRNA-128 inhibits the development of human colon cancer by targeting Rho family GTPase 3

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

MicroRNA-128 (miRNA-128) exhibits tumour regulatory role in several human cancers including the colon cancer. However, regulatory mechanics of miRNA-128 through Rho family GTPase-3 (RND3) targeting is elusive in colon cancer and was the objective of present study. The results showed that miRNA-128 has significant (P < 0.05) level of down-regulation in colon cancer. Over-expression of miRNA-128 significantly (P < 0.05) decreased the viability and colony forming ability of colon cancer cells through induction of apoptosis. The percentage of apoptosis was 6.01% and 37.02% for miR-NC and miR-128 mimics transfected HT-29 cancer cells, respectively. Induction of apoptosis was associated with up-regulation of Bax and down-regulation of Bcl-2. Rho family GTPase-3 (RND3) to be target of miRNA-128 and mediated the regulatory control of miRNA-128 in colon cancer. Finally, miR-128 was found to inhibit the growth of xenografted tumours in mice. Thus, miRNA-128 exerts tumour-suppressive role in human colon cancer and may serve in colon cancer management.
Prostacyclin and Its Analogues: Reduction of Myocardial Reperfusion Injury By Inhibition of Neutrophil Function.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Prostacyclin (PGI$\\\\sb2$; 50 ng/kg/min) was administered to open chest anesthetized dogs subjected to 90 min left circumflex coronary artery (LCCA) occlusion. PGI$\\\\sb2$ reduced infarct size (by 59%) measured after 6 hr reperfusion. The PGI$\\\\sb2$ analogue, SC39902 failed to reduce infarct size. PGI$\\\\sb2$ and SC39902 reduced blood pressure to the same extent. PGI$\\\\sb2$ caused no increase in regional myocardial blood flow (radiolabelled microsphere technique) to the ischemic myocardium. Furthermore, administration of PGI$\\\\sb2$ to anesthetized dogs reduced the amount of neutrophil infiltrate, measured with myeloperoxidase (MPO; a neutrophil marker enzyme), into inflammatory skin lesions induced by intradermal injection of the complement activation product C5a. Isolated canine neutrophils were activated with the phagocytic stimulus opsonized zymosan (OZ). Prostacyclin pretreatment (5 min) decreased the superoxide anion production by 27% at $10\\\\sp{-7}$M and by 55% at $10\\\\sp{-4}$M. SC 39902 failed to effectively inhibit neutrophil activation. Taken together, these data indicate that PGI$\\\\sb2$ reduces myocardial infarct size by virtue of its inhibitory effects on the activation of neutrophils. Subsequent studies employed another PGI$\\\\sb2$ analogue, iloprost in the same experimental model. Iloprost (100 ng/kg/min) reduced infarct size by 47% compared to controls. Dogs that had been treated with iloprost had only 22% of the MPO at the border between infarcted and non-infarcted myocardium. Iloprost (100 ng/kg/min) reduced MPO accumulation in dermal lesions by 51% (2 hr after injection of C5a). Iloprost inhibited canine neutrophil activation by OZ by 15% at $10\\\\sp{-7}$M and by 52% at $10\\\\sp{-4}$M. Another set of experiments examined the effects of iloprost on myocardial infarcts after 90 min of ischemia in open chest dogs followed by 72 hr of reperfusion. Iloprost (100 ng/kg/min) administered during occlusion and for 2 hr after reperfusion failed to reduce myocardial infarct size $(57.6\\\\pm 5.2\\\\%)$ compared to control $(48.7\\\\pm 5.6\\\\%)$. However, iloprost administered over the same time course plus at 25 ng/kg/min beginning 1 hr after reperfusion and continued until 48 hr after reperfusion, reduced myocardial infarct size by 54% compared to controls. Depletion of circulating neutrophils with specific antibodies reduced infarct size to 32.1 $\\\\pm$ 5.0%. The beneficial treatment window for therapies that suppress neutrophil activation is defined to between 2 hr after reperfusion and 48 hr after reperfusion. (Abstract shortened with permission of author.)
Audio-visual analysis of vocal tremor derived from acoustics, laryngovideostroboscopy & HSDI

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Acoustical, perceptual (sonographic), visual (endoscopic), or physiologic (EMG or EGG) methods are used to support clinical diagnosis of vocal tremor (VoT). The primary auditory test includes subjective clinically graded auditory impression of the generated voice while acoustics include various methods of signal analysis. Visual methods described in the literature encourage characterization of VoT using nasoendoscopy to identify whether VoT is present or absent within specific parts of vocal tract subcomponents or is a part of a more generalized tremor. Because chemical denervation of laryngeal musculature (Botox® injection) is the current VoT treatment approach, making detailed VoT analysis is imperative for determining which laryngeal muscles are involved, hence which muscle(s) are to be targeted for denervation. Consequently, we evaluated gains from a non-invasive VoT analysis using rigid stroboscopic (LVS) and from a HSDI evaluation protocol combined with acoustic patterns of VoT to improve identification of specific laryngeal musculature generating VoT.
Intratumoral hemorrhage in vestibular schwannomas after stereotactic radiosurgery

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

OBJECTIVE Vestibular schwannomas (VSs) are benign tumors of the cerebellopontine angle that are typically managed with stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). Intratumoral hemorrhage (ITH) of VSs is a rare occurrence that results in worsening vestibular and new cranial nerve deficits. Few reports have described the management and outcomes of this entity after SRS. To further delineate the incidence and impact of this event, the authors performed a retrospective review of their VS SRS patients at a single center. METHODS Between 1987 and 2022, 2058 patients with VSs underwent Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS) at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center. The authors performed a review of the prospectively maintained VS database at their center to identify patients with ITH. The presentation, management, and clinical and imaging outcomes of the patients are reported. RESULTS A total of 1902 VS patients had sufficient clinical and imaging follow-up data. Five Koos grade III (n = 1) and IV (n = 4) VS patients developed ITH after GKRS, resulting in a cumulative incidence rate of 0.26%. The age at presentation ranged from 62 to 79 years, and 3 patients were male. The time from VS diagnosis to GKRS ranged from 1 to 13 months, and the time from GKRS to ITH ranged from 2 to 130 months. Three patients had bleeding risk factors. One patient required urgent surgical intervention due to the ITH volume, while the other 4 patients were initially observed. Three patients remained stable and required no delayed intervention; 1 patient required delayed resection because of symptom progression and hemorrhagic expansion. Histopathological analysis revealed multiple fragments of S-100–positive cells, hemorrhage, and hemosiderin-laden macrophages. At last follow-up, 4 patients had clinically improved and 1 patient remained stable. CONCLUSIONS ITH after VS radiosurgery is a rare phenomenon with a cumulative incidence rate of 0.26% in this series. Patient-tailored management in the form of observation or resection is based on patient presentation, acuity, and ITH size.
Extending GEO Satellite Operations: Timing and Challenges of Inclined Orbit Transitions

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

ABSTRACT Maximizing the operational lifespan of Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO) satellites is a critical objective for satellite operators. Throughout their service life, satellites are maintained within a designated control box through North–South (NS) and East–West (EW) station‐keeping maneuvers. NS maneuvers, which adjust the satellite's inclination relative to the equatorial plane, require significantly more propellant than EW maneuvers. As a result, operators often choose to discontinue NS maneuvers, allowing the satellite to transition into an “inclined orbit” while relying on EW maneuvers to manage orbit drift and maintain longitude positioning. This approach is typically adopted when the satellite nears the end of its operational life or when fuel conservation becomes a priority. A critical challenge in this process is determining the optimal timing for initiating inclined orbit, which involves carefully balancing factors such as fuel availability, satellite health, mission requirements, and operational constraints. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of these factors, with a detailed exploration of timing optimization, and concludes with a practical case study to illustrate the findings.
Mitochondrial Biomarkers in the Omics Era: A Clinical-Pathophysiological Perspective

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Mitochondrial diseases (MDs) affect 4300 individuals, with different ages of presentation and manifestation in any organ. How defects in mitochondria can cause such a diverse range of human diseases remains poorly understood. In recent years, several published research articles regarding the metabolic and protein profiles of these neurogenetic disorders have helped shed light on the pathogenetic mechanisms. By investigating different pathways in MDs, often with the aim of identifying disease biomarkers, it is possible to identify molecular processes underlying the disease. In this perspective, omics technologies such as proteomics and metabolomics considered in this review, can support unresolved mitochondrial questions, helping to improve outcomes for patients.
Optimal dynamo action by steady flows confined to a cube

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Many flows of electrically conducting fluids can spontaneously generate magnetic fields through the process of dynamo action, but when does a flow produce a better dynamo than another one or when is it simply the most efficient dynamo? Using a variational approach close to that of Willis ( Phys. Rev. Lett. , vol. 109, 2012, 251101), we find optimal kinematic dynamos within a huge class of stationary and incompressible flows that are confined in a cube. We demand that the magnetic field satisfies either superconducting (T) or pseudovacuum (N) boundary conditions on opposite pairs of walls of the cube, which results in four different combinations. For each of these set-ups, we find the optimal flow and its corresponding magnetic eigenmodes. Numerically, it is observed that swapping the magnetic boundary from T to N leaves the magnetic energy growth nearly unchanged, and both $+\boldsymbol{U}$ and $-\boldsymbol{U}$ are optimal flows for these different but complementary set-ups. This can be related to work by Favier & Proctor ( Phys. Rev. E, vol. 88, 2013, 031001). We provide minimal lower bounds for dynamo action and find that no dynamo is possible below an enstrophy (or shear) based magnetic Reynolds number $Rm_{c,min}=7.52{\rm\pi}^{2}$ , which is a factor of $16$ above the Proctor/Backus bound.