jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Effect of Interstimulus Interval on Subjective Categorical Loudness Judgments

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract The Independent Hearing Aid Fitting Forum uses the visual input/output locator algorithm and the Contour Test of Loudness Perception to achieve the goal of restoring normal loudness perception with amplification. This method presupposes that subjective categorical loudness judgments are valid and reliable when using the procedure outlined by the test developers. There is no indication in the instructions of the Contour Test of a specific duration for interstimulus interval (ISI). The effect of ISI on loudness perception is important to establish because of potential time-error effects. Time-error refers to the extent to which the judged magnitude of a second stimulus varies with the time interval by which it follows the first stimulus. Past research has indicated that judgments of a second stimulus are shifted in the direction of the intensity of the preceding stimulus and that this effect intensifies with shorter ISIs. The current experiment was designed to examine whether a change in ISI produced a change in the loudness rating of the subsequent stimulus for subjective categorical loudness judgment testing. A trend toward lower, median dB values for ratings 2 to 5 at 500 Hz in a group of subjects with normal hearing was noted when 1–sec intervals were used in comparison with longer ISIs. No trends for the effect of ISI were noted at 3000 Hz. The findings provide ISI recommendations for loudness judgment test administration. Abbreviations: DAT = digital audiotape, IHAFF = Independent Hearing Aid Fitting Forum, ISI = interstimulus interval, KEMAR = Knowles Electronics' Mannikin for Auditory Research, VIOLA = visual input/output locator algorithm, WDRC = wide dynamic range compression
Milk: A Local and Global History. ByDeborah Valenze. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 2011. xv + 351 pp. Illustrations, bibliography, notes, index. Cloth, $28.00. ISBN: 978-0-300-11724-0.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Milk: A Local and Global History. ByDeborah Valenze. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 2011. xv + 351 pp. Illustrations, bibliography, notes, index. Cloth, $28.00. ISBN: 978-0-300-11724-0. - Volume 86 Issue 3
The Knowledge of Implementation Strategies: Impact of the Installed Base

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This study uses three case studies to investigate how the installed base affects Electronic Health Records (EHR) implementation in European hospitals: i) transition from paper-based records to EHRs; ii) replacement of an existing EHR with a similar system; and iii) replacing existing EHR system with a radically different one. Using a meta-analysis approach, the study employs the theoretical framework of Information Infrastructure (II) to analyze user satisfaction and resistance. Results show that the existing infrastructure and time factor significantly impact EHR outcomes. Implementation strategies that build upon the current infrastructure and offer immediate user benefits yield higher satisfaction rates. The study highlights the importance of considering the installed base and adapting implementation strategies to maximize EHR system benefits.
Computational and Experimental Study of Nasal cavity Airflow Dynamics.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This work aims to assess human nasal blockage by investigating its influence on nasal airflow dynamics, both computationally and experimentally. An in-house CFD code (Lithium) computes the steady (mean) nasal airflow for a cavity constructed from CT images of a healthy adult, for the internal cavity and for the first time for the external flow. To account for turbulence occurrence, the low Reynolds number k- DJ Reynolds-Averaged-Navier-Stokes (RANS) model is used. The flow field is calculated at different breathing rates by varying the influx rate. Blockages are introduced at various locations inside the cavity to investigate common nasal blockages. The computational results are assessed against published literature and the Particle Image Velocimetry experimental (PIV) results, carried out on a 2.54:1 scale model of the computational nasal cavity. Schlieren optical technique is also used for external nasal airflow visualizations of a human subject, to comment on using an • optical system for clinical application. These computations reveal a significant dependency of both, the internal and external nasal airflow fields on the nasal cavity's geometry. Although for this model, the flow is found to be turbulent in the inspiratory phase of 200 m/Is and higher, it is suggested that the nature of flow can vary depending on the nasal cavity's structure which is influenced by genetics. Nevertheless, some common flow features were revealed such as higher flow rate in the olfactory region and main flow passage through lower airways during inspiration. More uniform flow passage was found in expiration. The results also suggest a possible correlation between the internal geometry of the cavity and the external nasal airflow angle and thickness. This correlation can allow an application of optical systems such as Schlieren which is shown to give accurate qualitative images of the external nasal airflow for assessment of the nasal blockage.
Application of Power Spectral Density Method to Fatigue Life Estimation of the Axle Structure

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Based on the random vibration theory, fatigue strength theory and Miner cumulative damage theory, the formulas for estimation of fatigue life which can be coped with narrowband and broadband random vibration was derived by the peak distribution function. The power spectral density function of axle structure is deduced after the power spectral density of standard road and the vibration model of wheel had studying. Combined the power spectral density function with broadband random vibration fatigue life estimation formula, the fatigue life of axle structure was obtained. This method is simple and has a strong engineering practicality.
On Fasciola indica n.sp. with Some Observations on F. hepatica and F. gigantica

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

1. Fasciola indica n. sp. from goats, cattle and buffaloes in Bihar is described and differentiated from F. hepatica and F. gigantica . 2. Specimens of Fasciola from Assam (cattle and buffaloes), Rangoon (cattle), Singapore (pig) were examined and identified as F. indica . 3. F. hepatica is further differentiated from F. gigantica on the basis of the cuticular armature and the disposition of the intestinal branches.
Field-free Spin–Orbit Torque Perpendicular Magnetization Switching Induced by Metallic Multilayers

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The realization of the all-electrical manipulation of perpendicular magnetization switching is essential for next-generation information storage technologies and spintronic devices. Current-induced spin-orbit torque (SOT) has attracted tremendous research interest. However, this approach usually relies on external magnetic field to achieve deterministic switching, which greatly limits SOT devices moving toward practical applications. Here, we report the measurement of SOT from the [Pt/Au] multilayer with composition gradient along the thickness direction. The multilayer exhibits a much larger SOT efficiency than pure Pt, and current-induced field-free magnetization switching has been realized in Co/[Pt/Au] heterostructures. Anomalous Hall resistance loop shift measurements indicate that the [Pt/Au] multilayer can produce spin current with z-direction polarization. Moreover, the results of the control experiments show that the Pt/Au interface is the primary cause of the z-direction polarized spin current for triggering field-free switching, whereas the compositional gradient effect is peripheral. We speculate that the field-free switching originates from the synergetic interface effect and Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction. Our work not only paves the way for SOT devices toward practical application but also provides novel insights into the mechanisms governing current-induced deterministic perpendicular magnetization switching.
Advanced Ceramic Membranes/Modules for Ultra Efficient Hydrogen (H2) Production/Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Capture for Coal-Based Polygeneration Plants: Fabrication, Testing, and CFD Modeling

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Inorganic membrane-based systems are a promising technology for precombustion CO2 capture with simultaneous H2 production. State-of-the-art packages for high temperature and pressure service consist of multiple tube membrane bundles prepared in a "candle filter" configuration, in which the membrane tubes are open at one end and sealed at the other. This configuration is used for practical reasons, specifically the need to minimize problems due to thermal expansion mismatch between the ceramic tube bundle and the steel housing. However, the primary technical problem with the candle filter format for commercial-scale installations is the inability to purge the tube side (typically the permeate side), a feature that is crucial for high H2 recovery. In this study, the focus is to design and fabricate the first dual-end open full ceramic multiple tube membrane bundle that enables tube side (permeate) purge for gas separation applications. An additional key feature of this design is the simplified module layout, as the membrane bundles can be installed end-to-end with tube side (permeate) flow directly from one bundle to the next. This layout simplifies the membrane to housing seals and yields significant improvement in membrane packing density. Detailed focus areas in our studies include: (i) Materials development and preparation of the tube-to-tube sheet potting for the dual-ended bundle; (ii) the sealing and optimal module configuration design to minimize membrane stress upon module mounting; (iii) the demonstration, via the fabrication of CMS and Pd-alloy membranes supported on full-size, dual-ended ceramic support bundles, of the first example of a purgeable ceramic membrane and module; and (iv) development of a CFD model of the membrane module for calculation of feed flow distribution, and for use in scale-up, and capital cost estimating. The CFD model was validated using experimental data with the multi-tubular membrane system, employing He/N2 as a model gas mixture (surrogate for H2/CO2), and has been shown to be quite accurate. Employing the model, we are able to study the effects of operating pressure and temperature, feed and sweep gas flow rates, and the choice of membrane tube configuration on system performance.
Inocybe (Agaricales) in Indomalaya and Australasia

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Twenty-three species of Inocybe (Fr.) Fr. (1863; Agaricales) from Indomalaya and Australasia (except New Zealand; compare Horak, 1977) are keyed out, described, and illustrated. Sixteen species and one form are new. Of the remaining six species the macroscopic and microscopic data (as observed on type material or topotypic collections) are reported and discussed.
Experimental Creation of Contemporary Dance Works Using a Body-part Motion Synthesis System

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We developed a body-part motion synthesis system (BMSS) that synthesizes 3D motion data captured from performances of professional dancers to support the creation of contemporary dance works. To evaluate the usefulness of the system, three professional choreographers created their original dance works experimentally using the BMSS three times, and dancers performed their works in theaters. By analyzing the sequence data created by the BMSS obtained through an interview with the choreographers, we found that the choreographers could discover a variety of uses for the BMSS by becoming proficient in its use. The characteristics of the choreography created by each choreographer were also clarified.
Public Service Systems at Subnational and Local Levels of Government: a British-German-French Comparison

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The subnational and local levels of government have hitherto been largely understudied in comparative civil service research. Against this background, this chapter focuses on two central questions. First, we analyse whether and how the local public service can be distinguished from the central state/federal level of government and to what extent a 'local public service system'1 can be identified with specific structures and development patterns. Second, we question to what extent and due to what factors country-specific patterns and structures of local public employment, inherited from the past, have been subjected to major changes and ruptures diluting historically ingrained differences or whether those national peculiarities of local public services have been retained. In order to answer these two compound questions, we primarily draw on 'qualitative' approaches and restrict ourselves to three 'cases': Germany, France and Great Britain. These countries will be scrutinized and compared with regard to the predominant features and developmental patterns of public employment and human resource management at the local level of government. The case selection is justified here by the fact that these three countries represent important models of European administrative culture and crucial variations of decentralized institution-building and public employment in Western Europe, the analysis of which is essential to comparative public administration in general.KeywordsLocal GovernmentCivil ServicePublic EmploymentLocal Public ServiceLocal Government EmploymentThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Peer Support and Beyond: The Role of Lived Experience in a New Era of Eating Disorder Treatment

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

When valued and recognized for the insights gained through direct lived experience, people in eating disorder recovery and their caregivers can improve treatment outcomes. From direct care delivery-in the form of peer support-to roles in leadership, program development, and research, individuals with lived experience can positively impact patient well-being, treatment outcomes, and the field as a whole. Peer supporters can inspire hope, build connections, share diverse experiences, and disseminate clinical insight and skills through a lived experience lens. These tools and the value of expertise by experience can lead to further clinical innovation when integrated into program development, research, and leadership roles in the eating disorder field. As rates of eating disorders continue to rise, it is more important than ever to integrate the voices of lived experience to enhance and strengthen existing treatment-and help create new approaches that could transform the healing process for countless individuals.
Heterocyclic Anticancer Compounds: Recent Advances and the Paradigm Shift towards the Use of Nanomedicine’s Tool Box

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The majority of heterocycle compounds and typically common heterocycle fragments present in most pharmaceuticals currently marketed, alongside with their intrinsic versatility and unique physicochemical properties, have poised them as true cornerstones of medicinal chemistry. Apart from the already marketed drugs, there are many other being investigated for their promising activity against several malignancies. In particular, anticancer research has been capitalizing on the intrinsic versatility and dynamic core scaffold of these compounds. Nevertheless, as for any other promising anticancer drugs, heterocyclic compounds do not come without shortcomings. In this review, we provide for a concise overview of heterocyclic active compounds and families and their main applications in medicine. We shall focus on those suitable for cancer therapy while simultaneously addressing main biochemical modes of action, biological targets, structure-activity relationships as well as intrinsic limitation issues in the use of these compounds. Finally, considering the advent of nanotechnology for effective selective targeting of drugs, we shall discuss fundamental aspects and considerations on nanovectorization of such compounds that may improve pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic properties of heterocycles.
Moxifloxacin Hydrochloride Related Visual Hallucinations: A Case Presentation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Although the foremost encountered differential diagnosis in patients with neurological complaints in the emergency departments (ED) are organic nervous system diseases and psychiatric disorders, other metabolic disturbances and drug related adverse effects shall be considered as well. We present a 65 year old female patient who attended to our ED with visual hallucinations such as orange colored wallpaper, boiling water on the ground and wave patterns for the last 3 hours. Past medical history was clear for all but chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Neuropsychiatric examination revealed a fully oriented, neurologically intact patient. After further questioning, we learned that the patient was on moxifloxacin 400 mg PO for two days and the symptoms started following the first dose of moxifloxacin. Laboratory and radiological work up including brain CT showed no pathognomonic findings. The patient, whose complaints totally resolved at the 6th hour of her follow-up in the ED was discharged with the diagnosis of "Moxifloxacin related visual hallucinations" with relevant modifications on her antibacterial treatment. Telephone follow-up 24 hours later revealed that our patient was symptom free.
Social inclusion and legal exclusion in a Jewish or democratic state: intermarriage in the Zionist movement and the early State of Israel

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Zionists grappled with the implications of intermarriage from as early as the beginning of their movement, though the tensions surrounding intermarriage, religion, and the Jewish nation were amplified with the establishment of Israel in 1948. While many Zionists advocated for the social inclusion of non-Jewish spouses (and their children) in the nation, Zionist support for religious control of personal status law allowed for de facto legal exclusion of these same non-Jews. Early Zionist and Israeli policies therefore exercised ‘functional ambiguity’ regarding intermarried families in national life. By celebrating the inclusion of non-Jewish family members—and particularly non-Jewish wives—Zionists underscored a secular Jewish identity and the ostensibly democratic nature of the Jewish state. Yet by allowing for their legal exclusion through religious law, and by highlighting a limited criteria for national inclusion, they maintained the Jewish nature of the state and the prevention of a civic, ‘Israeli’ national identity shared with Palestinian citizens.
When opposing is unifying: from multiple discursive values of the pronoun "on" to a unique potential meaning

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This study analyses the internal and external oppositions for the linguistic sign on, where this notion is used on a metalinguistic level, in Gustave Guillaume’s psychomecanical perspective. On the one hand, this notion consists of the opposition of two paradigms, indefinites and personals, with which on shares semantical and syntactical characteristics. On the other hand, it reveals, by an internal opposition within the sign itself, the various notional components based on its potential meaning. Thus, the ordination of those components juxtaposes two categories: person and number. Those parameters appear under the form of discursive values or effective meaning. Furthermore, the position of these values is organized by a double tension movement that ranges from the 3rd to the 1st person and passes through the plural 3rd person and the double persons. This movement represents the potential meaning of on in language, illustrated by a radical binary tensor.
Biophysics of Phase Separation of Disordered Proteins\nIs Governed by Balance between Short- And Long-Range Interactions

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Intrinsically disordered proteins\nplay a crucial role in cellular\nphase separation, yet the diverse molecular forces driving phase separation\nare not fully understood. It is of utmost importance to understand\nhow peptide sequence, and particularly the balance between the peptides’\nshort- and long-range interactions with other peptides, may affect\nthe stability, structure, and dynamics of liquid–liquid phase\nseparation in protein condensates. Here, using coarse-grained molecular\ndynamics simulations, we studied the liquid properties of the condensate\nin a series of polymers in which the ratio of short-range dispersion\ninteractions to long-range electrostatic interactions varied. As the\nfraction of mutations that participate in short-range interactions\nincreases at the expense of long-range electrostatic interactions,\na significant decrease in the critical temperature of phase separation\nis observed. Nevertheless, sequences with a high fraction of short-range\ninteractions exhibit stabilization, which suggests compensation for\nthe loss of long-range electrostatic interactions. Decreased condensate\nstability is coupled with decreased translational diffusion of the\npolymers in the condensate, which may result in the loss of liquid\ncharacteristics in the presence of a high fraction of uncharged residues.\nThe effect of exchanging long-range electrostatic interactions for\nshort-range interactions can be explained by the kinetics of breaking\nintermolecular contacts with neighboring polymers and the kinetics\nof intramolecular fluctuations. While both time scales are coupled\nand increase as electrostatic interactions are lost, for sequences\nthat are dominated by short-range interactions, the kinetics of intermolecular\ncontact breakage significantly slows down. Our study supports the\ncontention that different types of interactions can maintain protein\ncondensates, however, long-range electrostatic interactions enhance\nits liquid-like behavior.
Modelling and controller design for tilt quadplane

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Tilt rotor quadplane is a relatively new concept for the world which empowers the fixed wing vehicle with the Vertical Take-Off and Landing capability. VTOL will not only help remove the dependency of the aircraft on a runway but will also prove to be economically beneficial for the companies by providing aerial access to previously inaccessible terrains. Even though VTOL is a topic of intensive research, it remains one of the most challenging tasks to achieve, mainly because of the non-linearities involved during the transition phase. These non-linearities induces instability in the vehicle, which can be controlled by obtaining an accurate aerodynamic model. In this thesis, the non-linearity is studied and a controller to overcome the challenge is developed. The quadplane is modelled with 2 different wing configuration and the accurate aerodynamic model is developed using the Lumped Vortex method for unsteady incompressible potential flow modelling. It is used for the three degree of freedom dynamic modelling of the vehicle for the longitudinal motion which is controlled during transition by speed and attitude controller. These are based on a PID Controller. The unknown states are calculated for transition and forward flight regime and presented as the result which show that successful transition of quadplane is carried out.