jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
FORECASTING EXPONENTIAL AUTOREGRESSIVE MODELS OF ORDER 1

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Abstract. Exact forecasting of the non‐linear EXPAR(1) model for several steps ahead involves a sequence of numerical integrations, thus motivating the search for reasonable approximations. A method based on the assumption of approximately normal forecast errors is shown to give forecasts which perform well in both qualitative and numerical comparisons with two alternative approximations based on naive extrapolation and linearization of the autoregression function.
The Poverty of Lecture as an Instructional Strategy in the Teaching of Science at the Secondary School Level

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The issue of concern in this discourse is the poverty of lecture method of teaching in the teaching and learning of science subjects in the secondary school. Often times, science teachers cast aspersions on the prevalence of lecture in science classrooms given the popular belief that science, by its nature, dictates that activity-oriented methods should be used rather than a rather passive method like lecture method. It has however been argued in this paper that when lecture is enriched, it serves a vital role in delivering science lessons profitably. Based on this position, it was recommended that lectures should be suffused with other methods, science teachers are advised to use visual aids as they teach and emphasis should be placed on hand-on-activities and experiences so as to maximally realize the benefits of lecture as an instructional process so as to improve field practice.
Shedding some light on Thismia rodwayi F. Muell. (fairy lanterns) in Tasmania: distribution, habitat and conservation status

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Thismia rodwayi is a seldom-seen, subterranean plant that occurs in Tasmania, the eastern states of the Australian mainland and New Zealand. Surveys for the species were prompted by a new record from Archers Sugarloaf near Meander in Tasmania's central north. Several new populations of the species were subsequently discovered in wet eucalypt forests dominated by Eucalyptus obliqua, E. regnans, E. delegatensis or E. viminalis, with an understorey dominated by Pomaderris apetala, Bedfordia salicina and/or Olearia argophylla. The species is now known from the Meander, Glen Huon, Little Denison River, Mount Field, Mount Wellington and Ben Lomond areas. Analysis of current information suggests that the listing of T. rodwayi under Schedule 5 (Rare) of the Tasmanian Threatened Species Protection Act 1995 is appropriate.
Association between rs120963, rs152451, rs249935, rs447529, rs8053188, and rs16940342 Polymorphisms in the <b><i>PALB2</i></b> Gene and Breast Cancer Susceptibility: A Meta-Analysis

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

<b><i>Background:</i></b> The aim of this study was to explore the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the rs120963, rs152451, rs249935, rs447529, rs8053188, and rs16940342 loci in the <i>PALB2</i> gene and breast cancer risk. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Studies investigating the association between SNPs in the <i>PALB2</i> gene and breast cancer susceptibility were retrieved from the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CNKI (Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure), WanFang, and CBM (China Biology Medicine) databases. Eligible studies were screened according to inclusion/exclusion criteria and principles of quality evaluation. Meta-analysis was performed using Stata 14.0 software. Odds ratios with their corresponding 95% confidence intervals were pooled to assess the association between SNPs in the <i>PALB2</i> gene loci rs249935, rs447529, rs8053188, rs16940342, rs152451, and rs120963 and breast cancer susceptibility. <b><i>Results:</i></b> A total of 9 case-control studies were eligible for this meta-analysis. SNPs in the <i>PALB2</i> gene loci rs120963, rs249935, and rs447529 were significantly associated with an increased or decreased risk of breast cancer. No significant association was detected for rs152451, rs8053188, and rs16940342 under 4 genetic models. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> The results of this study suggest that SNPs in the <i>PALB2</i> loci rs120963/rs249935/rs447529, but not in the other 3 loci (rs152451/rs8053188/rs16940342), may contribute to breast cancer susceptibility.
Preferential formation of mono‐dimethyl disulfide adducts for determining double bond positions of poly‐unsaturated fatty acids

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Determination of double bond positions of unsaturated lipids is fundamental for understanding their biofunctions and biosynthetic pathways. Derivatizing unsaturated lipids with dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) represents a convenient method to yield characteristic ions for determining double bond positions. However, DMDS adduction of poly‐unsaturated lipids often leads to the formation of poly‐ and/or cyclized DMDS adducts, which yield complex mass spectra that are difficult to interpret in terms of double bond positions. Here, we report a room‐temperature, convenient experimental procedure to preferentially form mono‐DMDS adducts for poly‐unsaturated fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) with two to five double bonds ( c 9, c 12 ‐ C 18:2 , t 9, t 12 ‐ C 18:2 , c 5, c 9, c 12‐C 18:3 , c 7, c 10, c 13, c 16‐C 22:4 and c 5, c 8, c 11, c 14, c 17‐C 20:5 ). Electron‐impact ionization mass spectra of these mono‐DMDS adducts provide highly diagnostic ions for determining positions of all double bonds. Our approach overcomes the limit of traditional DMDS derivatization methods which are generally limited to mono‐unsaturated molecules. In addition, we show gas chromatography and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analyses of mono‐DMDS adducts can also provide useful information about double bond geometry, as cis double bonds are prone to isomerize to trans isomers.
Lighting a Path for Autonomous Vehicle Communication: The Effect of Light Projection on the Detection of Reversing Vehicles by Older Adult Pedestrians

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Pedestrian understanding of driver intent is key to pedestrian safety on the road and in parking lots. With the development of autonomous vehicles (AVs), the human driver will be removed, and with it, the exchange that occurs between drivers and pedestrians (e.g., head nods, hand gestures). One possible solution for augmenting that communication is an array of high-intensity light-emitting diodes (LEDs) to project vehicle-to-pedestrian (V2P) messages on the ground plane behind a reversing vehicle. This would be particularly beneficial to elderly pedestrians, who are at particular risk of being struck by reversing cars in parking lots. Their downward gaze and slower reaction time make them particularly vulnerable. A survey was conducted to generate designs, and a simulator experiment was conducted to measure detection and reaction times. The study found that elderly pedestrians are significantly more likely to detect an additional projected message on the ground than detect the existing brake light alone when walking in a parking lot.
Visible‐Light‐Driven LaFeO 3 /CdS Heterojunction Photocatalysts for Photo‐Fenton Degradation of Levofloxacin

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract A series of composite photocatalysts LaFeO 3 /CdS‐x (LFO/CS‐x, x=10–50 wt%) were prepared by a simple sol‐gel and solvothermal two‐step method for photo‐Fenton degradation of levofloxacin (LVF). The removal rate of LVF by LFO/CS‐40 reached 97.3 % within 100 min, showing excellent photocatalytic activity compared with LaFeO 3 and CdS. The prepared composites were characterized and analyzed by XRD, FT‐IR, DRS, SEM, HRTEM, XPS, photoelectrochemical analysis and other techniques. Mechanistic investigations show that the heterojunction structure, can promote the separation and migration of photogenerated electron‐hole pairs, and the photogenerated charges can induce the generation of various active species under the synergistic effect of H 2 O 2 , and then efficiently degrade pollutants. Additionally, the effects of different parameters on the photo‐Fenton degradation were explored, and the good stability of composites is proved by cycling tests. The LFO/CS‐40 composite photocatalyst designed in this work has potential application prospects in the green and efficient treatment of antibiotic wastewater.
Nitrogen and Sulfur Co-doped Carbon Dots Enhance Drought Resistance in Tomato and Mung Beans

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Drought stress is widespread worldwide, which severely restricts world food production. The antioxidant property of carbon dots (CDs) is promising for inflammation and disease treatment. However, little is known about the functions of CDs in the abiotic stress of plants, especially in drought-resistant fields. In this study, CDs were synthesized using cysteine and glucose by the hydrothermal method. The in vitro antioxidant capacity of CDs and the reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging capacity were evaluated. We speculate on the antioxidant mechanism of CDs by comparing size distribution, fluorescence spectra, elements, and surface functional groups of CDs before and after oxidation. Besides, we evaluated the effects of CDs on seed germination and seedling physiology under drought stress. Also, the responses of antioxidant CDs to long-term drought stress and subsequent recovery metabolism in tomato plants were evaluated. The results show that CDs accelerated the germination rate and the germination drought resistance index by promoting the water absorption of seeds. CDs enhanced the drought resistance of seedlings by improving the activity of peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Moreover, CDs can activate the antioxidant metabolism activity and upregulate the expression of aquaporin (AQP) genes SlPIP2;7, SlPIP2;12, and SlPIP1;7. All of these results render tomato plants distinguished resilience once rewatering after drought stress. These results facilitate us to design and fabricate CDs to meet the challenge of abiotic stress in food production.
CNSC-66. STRUCTURAL AND ELECTROPHYSIOLOGICAL CONNECTIVITY IN GLIOBLASTOMA IS MEDIATED BY TUMOR AND IMMUNE DERIVED CYTOKINES

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract BACKGROUND In glioblastomas (GBM), the pleiotropic cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) upregulates PD-L1 expression. This results in local immunosuppression favorable to tumor progression, and may account for the limited efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibition. Additionally, IL-6 increases synaptogenesis during development, and contributes to neuronal network remodeling following focal brain or spinal cord injury. Therefore, the aim was to determine whether IL-6 contributes to GBM-induced circuit remodeling from a structural and electrophysiological perspective. METHODS In magnetoencephalography (MEG)-based intratumoral regions of High- (HFC) and Low-Functional Connectivity (LFC) from GBM patients, the expression of IL-6 and GAP43 was compared using bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing and immunofluorescence staining in biological replicates (n=44). In mouse postnatal cortical neurons and primary patient-derived GBM cell cocultures, the expression of Ki67, GAP43, tumor connectivity and neuronal activity were monitored after exogenous application of recombinant human IL-6 (rIL-6) or microglial depletion using PLX5622. Results. IL-6 and GAP43 were overexpressed in HFC compared to LFC regions. In neuron-GBM cocultures, the tumour proliferation index was significantly increased by rIL-6 and decreased by PLX5622. Morphologically, the number of microtubes per tumor cell was significantly increased by rIL-6 and decreased by PLX5622. The expression of GAP43 was inconstantly increased by rIL-6, suggesting the regulation of other pathways involved in tumour microtube formation. Multielectrode array recordings showed a significant increase or decrease in the neuronal activity, following the addition of rIL-6 or microglial depletion, respectively. CONCLUSIONS IL-6-signaling increases proliferation, structural and electrophysiological connectivity in gliomas and may contribute to neuronal network hyper-excitability and synchrony. Microglial depletion provided opposite effects. Additional experiments are mandatory to determine whether the effects of IL-6 on GBM cells depend on the presence of microglial cells or not. These data will be critical to design new therapeutic options, likely to improve the oncological and functional outcomes of patients treated for GBM.
Highly manufacturable 7nm FinFET technology featuring EUV lithography for low power and high performance applications

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

7nm CMOS FinFET technology featuring EUV lithography, 4 th gen. dual Fin and 2 nd gen. multi-eWF gate stack is presented, providing 20% faster speed or consuming 35% less total power over 10nm technology [1]. EUV lithography, fully applied to MOL contacts and minimum-pitched metal/via interconnects, can reduce >25% mask steps with higher fidelity and smaller CD variation. A VT of 6T HD SRAM cell are 1.29 for PD (PG) and 1.34 for PU, respectively.
Relation of hArg and NT-proBNP with different variables<sup>*</sup>.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<p>Relation of hArg and NT-proBNP with different variables<sup><a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0184333#t002fn002" target="_blank">*</a></sup>.</p>
Data from A Multispecific Anti-CD40 DARPin Construct Induces Tumor-Selective CD40 Activation and Tumor Regression

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

<div>Abstract<p>The CD40 receptor is an attractive target for cancer immunotherapy. Although a modest pharmacodynamic effect is seen in patients following administration of CD40-targeting monoclonal antibodies (mAb), the doses that could be safely administered do not result in a meaningful clinical response, most likely due to the limited therapeutic window associated with systemic CD40 activation. To overcome this issue, we developed a multispecific DARPin construct, α-FAPxCD40, which has conditional activity at the site of disease. α-FAPxCD40 activation of CD40 depends on binding to fibroblast activation protein (FAP), a cell-surface protease overexpressed in the stroma of solid tumors. <i>In vitro</i> studies demonstrated that α-FAPxCD40 potently activates human antigen-presenting cells in the presence, but not in the absence, of FAP-positive cells. After intravenous injection, a murine surrogate construct (α-mFAPxCD40) accumulated in FAP-positive tumors, elicited rejection of 88% of these tumors, and induced memory antitumor immunity. Importantly, in contrast to the mouse anti-CD40 tested in parallel, the <i>in vivo</i> antitumor activity of α-mFAPxCD40 was associated neither with elevated blood cytokines nor with hepatotoxicity, both of which contribute to the clinical dose-limiting toxicities of several CD40 mAb. This study demonstrates that α-(m)FAPxCD40 engages CD40 in an FAP-restricted manner, leading to tumor eradication without signs of peripheral toxicity. This distinct preclinical profile suggests that a favorable therapeutic index may be achieved in humans. It further supports the development of α-FAPxCD40, currently tested in a first-in-human clinical study in patients with solid tumors (NCT05098405).</p></div>
Optimised architecture-based grading system as an independent prognostic factor in resected lung adenocarcinoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aims Considering morphological heterogeneity of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and no objective prognostic grading system existing currently, we aim to establish an ‘optimised architecture-based grading system’ (OAGS) to predict prognosis for resected LUAD. Methods A multicentral study involving three independent cohorts of LUAD was conducted. Predictive ability of the OAGS for recurrence-free probability (RFP) and overall survival (OS) was assessed in training cohort (n=228) by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), Harrell’s concordance index ( C -index) and Kaplan-Meier survival analyses, which was validated in testing (n=135) and validation (n=226) cohorts. Results The OAGS consists of: grade 1 for lepidic, papillary or acinar predominant tumour with no or less than 5% of high-grade patterns (cribriform, solid and or micropapillary), grade 2 for lepidic, papillary or acinar predominant tumour with 5% or more of high-grade patterns, and grade 3 for cribriform, solid or micropapillary predominant tumour. In all stages, the OAGS outperformed the pattern-dominant grading system and IASLC grading system for predicting RFP (C-index, 0.649; AUC, 0.742) and OS (C-index, 0.685; AUC, 0.754). Multivariate analysis identified it as an independent predictor of both (RFP, p<0.001; OS, p<0.001). Furthermore, in pT1-2aN0M0 subgroup, the OAGS maintained its ability to predict recurrence (C-index, 0.699; AUC, 0.769) and stratified patients into different risk groups of RFP (p<0.001). These results were confirmed in testing and validation cohorts. Conclusions The OAGS is an independent prognostic factor and shows a robust ability to predict prognosis for resected LUAD.
Annexin A2 Flop-Out Mediates the Non-Vesicular Release of DAMPs/Alarmins from C6 Glioma Cells Induced by Serum-Free Conditions

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Prothymosin alpha (ProTα) and S100A13 are released from C6 glioma cells under serum-free conditions via membrane tethering mediated by Ca2+-dependent interactions between S100A13 and p40 synaptotagmin-1 (Syt-1), which is further associated with plasma membrane syntaxin-1 (Stx-1). The present study revealed that S100A13 interacted with annexin A2 (ANXA2) and this interaction was enhanced by Ca2+ and p40 Syt-1. Amlexanox (Amx) inhibited the association between S100A13 and ANXA2 in C6 glioma cells cultured under serum-free conditions in the in situ proximity ligation assay. In the absence of Amx, however, the serum-free stress results in a flop-out of ANXA2 through the membrane, without the extracellular release. The intracellular delivery of anti-ANXA2 antibody blocked the serum-free stress-induced cellular loss of ProTα, S100A13, and Syt-1. The stress-induced externalization of ANXA2 was inhibited by pretreatment with siRNA for P4-ATPase, ATP8A2, under serum-free conditions, which ablates membrane lipid asymmetry. The stress-induced ProTα release via Stx-1A, ANXA2 and ATP8A2 was also evidenced by the knock-down strategy in the experiments using oxygen glucose deprivation-treated cultured neurons. These findings suggest that starvation stress-induced release of ProTα, S100A13, and p40 Syt-1 from C6 glioma cells is mediated by the ANXA2-flop-out via energy crisis-dependent recovery of membrane lipid asymmetry.
Baseline studies on meiofauna in the Baltic Sea before bottom-trawl fisheries exclusion I: comparison of communities in the Fehmarn Belt (western Baltic Sea), with special reference to the Harpacticoida (Crustacea, Copepoda)

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The meiobenthic communities of a protected area and a reference area in the Fehmarn Belt (Baltic Sea, Germany) were compared, with both study areas currently permitting bottom-trawl fisheries. Meiobenthic data were recorded at the major taxon level. Additionally, the Copepoda Harpacticoida were further examined at the species level. This data collection will serve as a baseline for future assessments, after the planned exclusion of bottom-trawl fisheries in the protected area in 2024 to identify potential impacts on meiofaunal communities. In assessing the meiobenthic data in relation to trawling impact, a trawling index derived from multibeam data for the Fehmarn Belt was employed and developed in the early stage of the project. A comparison of major taxonomic levels did not reveal significant differences between the protected and reference areas in terms of taxa composition, abundance values or diversity. However, analysis of the Harpacticoida community at the species level showed that the compared areas differ significantly in species composition and abundance but not in diversity. These differences in the distribution of harpacticoid species indicate a small-scale heterogeneity of different (a)biotic factors. The initial correlation analyses between trawling intensity and both the main taxonomic levels and the Harpacticoida community did not reveal statistically significant results. This finding is attributable to the small number of samples all recovered in a trawling-affected area. Nevertheless, a higher variance in total abundance between replicates was observed with increasing trawling intensity.
Universal Systems Language for Preventative Systems Engineering

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper is about a universal systems language based on a general systems theory, in large part, derived and evolved from lessons learned based on an empirical study of the Apollo on-board flight software effort. The language, 001AXES, was created for designing systems and building software to address problems considered next to impossible to solve, if not impossible, with traditional approaches, at least in the foreseeable future. It helps to suspend any and all preconceived notions when first introduced to it and the mathematical theory behind it, because it is a world unto itself—a complete new way to think about systems and software. With this approach, instead of object oriented and model driven systems the designer thinks in terms of system oriented objects and system driven models. Much of what seems counter intuitive with traditional approaches, that tend to be software centric, becomes intuitive with this system centric approach. How to minimize errors and maximize integration of systems to software, reuse, open architectures, evolvable systems, and productivity in a system's development becomes better understood; this understanding can be used as a means to an end—designing better systems; building better software. 001AXES, its preventative paradigm, and how it is used to address today's pressing system engineering issues will be discussed. Examples are taken from research being done for military systems; not heretofore addressed by traditional approaches.
Study on Rhodamine 6G as a New Probe for the Determination of Nucleic Acids by Resonance Light Scattering

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A new method has been developed for rapid determination of nucleic acids by resonance light scattering (RLS) with Rhodamine 6G (Rh6G) in aqueous solution as a new probe. Nucleic acids in this study involve calf thymus DNA (ctDNA) and yeast RNA (yRNA). Maximum RLS is produced in the range of pH 1.1±0.1 (controlled by Clark Lubs buffer), with wavelength at 400 nm. Using optimal conditions, the calibration graphs are linear in the range of 0.05~37.0 μg·mL -1 for ctDNA, 0.1~10.0 μg·mL -1 for yRNA, respectively. The detection limits were 3.0 ng·mL -1 for ctDNA, 9.5 ng·mL -1 for yeast RNA, respectively. The method was applied to the determination of nucleic acids in synthetic sample with satisfactory results.