jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Pore pressure and stress regime in a thick extensional basin with active shale diapirism (western Mediterranean)

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The Alboran Sea in the Mediterranean is a back-arc basin developed during the Miocene by extensional collapse within an arc-shaped orogen. A major depocenter (>10 km [>6.2 mi]) is located to the west of the basin (West Alboran Basin [WAB]) and contains a diapiric province with overpressured shales and mud volcanoes. Seismic and well data are used to analyze the evolution of the shale structures in the northern margin of the WAB and to estimate the in situ stress tensor. Geomechanical modeling suggests a present-day normal faulting stress regime along the northern WAB, where the maximum horizontal stress is parallel to the coastline. Pore pressure shows a hydrostatic gradient down to 2000 m (6561 ft), where the top of the regional pore pressure ramp is located. Undercompaction is the dominant mechanism generating overpressures in sediments shallower than 5000 m (16,406 ft). At greater depths, thermal mechanisms impose an excess of pore pressure on the sediments feeding the diapirs. This framework is used to discuss the contribution of thermally generated pressures to the triggering of shale diapirism. Increasing thermal pressures in the deepest confined units cause tensile failure of the overburden and subsequently promote mud withdrawal and injection in the overburden. The magnitude of the overpressure conditions the vertical ascent of shale. The more mature structures reuse preexisting normal faults in their ascent toward shallower basin levels. Results provide insights into the current discussion about the triggering factors behind shale diapirism. They also help to explain the differences between shale structures and those shaped by salt tectonics.
Quantitative & Qualitative Evaluation of a 64-channel phase array coil and compare it to a 20-channel phase array in brain imaging at 3 Tesla scanner

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Poster: ECR 2020 / C-01519 / Quantitative & Qualitative Evaluation of a 64-channel phase array coil and compare it to a 20-channel phase array in brain imaging at 3 Tesla scanner by: R. Lee , K. M. P. AU YEUNG, J. K. F. Chan, G. Lo, K. M. Chan; Hong Kong/CN
On the question of criminal responsibility for crimes against justice in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (SRV)

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The article analyzes the theory and practice of applying criminal proceedings against persons for committing crimes against justice in Vietnam. In particular, the problematic issues of the general criminal-legal characteristics of criminal responsibility for crimes of this category in accordance with the provisions of Ch. XXIV Criminal Code of SRV 2015. The author an interpretation of the concept and classification of the crimes.
Detection of aflatoxins in T2 treatment of <i>Zea mays</i> L. grains extract.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

<p>During HPLC analysis, the concentrations of detected aflatoxins AFB1 and AFB2 were 487 and 16 ng/g respectively, in T2 treatment (b). However, the aflatoxins were not detected in T1 and T3 (a) and (c).</p> <p>(DOCX)</p>
Luminescence characteristics and diagenesis of carbonate sedimentary rocks

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Carbonates are an important group of rocks that make up nearly one-quarter of all rocks in the sedimentary record. They differ fundamentally from siliciclastic sedimentary rocks both in composition and in depositional origin. Siliciclastic sedimentary rocks are composed of constituents that originated outside the depositional basin and were transported as solids into the basin. By contrast, carbonate rocks are composed of intrabasinal sediments, which were deposited in situ by precipitation of calcium carbonate through inorganic and biochemical processes. They have little or no provenance significance, unlike siliciclastic sedimentary rocks; however, the textures and structures that characterize carbonate rocks have considerable significance with respect to interpreting depositional conditions (e.g., water depth, water energy, biological activity). Thus, petrographic study of carbonate rocks has customarily focused on observation of carbonate grains (including fossils), textures, and structures that are important to interpretation of depositional conditions.
Isoform-specific regulation of myocardial Na,K-ATPase alpha-subunit in congestive heart failure. Role of norepinephrine.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND Myocardial ouabain-binding sites and Na,K-ATPase activity are reduced in congestive heart failure (CHF), but the mechanisms by which CHF reduces the Na,K-ATPase remain unknown. We proposed to investigate whether the changes are accompanied by isoform-specific reductions of the Na,K-ATPase alpha-subunit proteins in CHF and whether similar changes could be produced by exogenous norepinephrine administration. METHODS AND RESULTS CHF was induced in dogs by rapid ventricular pacing at a rate of 225 beats per minute for 8 weeks (protocol 1). A second group of dogs were paced at 100 beats per minute and served as controls. In protocol 2, norepinephrine was infused in normal dogs using a subcutaneous osmotic minipump for 8 weeks. The control dogs received normal saline through the pump. Animals were studied after 8 weeks of pacing or norepinephrine infusion. After the baseline hemodynamics and interstitial norepinephrine concentration had been obtained, the hearts were removed for measuring [3H]ouabain-binding sites and Na,K-ATPase alpha-subunit proteins using isoform-specific monoclonal antibodies. RESULTS Myocardial [3H]ouabain-binding sites were reduced in dogs with CHF and chronic norepinephrine infusion. The Western blot analysis showed that adult canine hearts possess both alpha 1 and alpha 3 isoforms of the Na,K-ATPase alpha-subunit but not the alpha 2 isoform protein. CHF and NE infusion had no effect on the Na,K-ATPase alpha 1-subunit protein but did reduce the alpha 3 isoform protein significantly. In addition, there was a significant inverse correlation between the amount of myocardial alpha 3 isoform protein and interstitial norepinephrine content in the dogs. In contrast, the specific activity of the sarcolemmal marker 5'-nucleotidase did not differ among the groups of animals. CONCLUSIONS The reduction of myocardial Na,K-ATPase in CHF is limited to the alpha 3 isoform. Furthermore, because similar changes in myocardial ouabain-binding sites and Na,K-ATPase alpha 3 isoform were produced by chronic norepinephrine infusion, the decrease in the Na,K-ATPase in CHF is most likely mediated via excess sympathetic stimulation.
Gas permeability of Poly(1-(trimethylsilyl)-1-propyne) Membrane.

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Studies on the gas permeability of poly [1- (trimethylsilyl) -1-propyne], PMSP, membrane which has the highest gas permeability of all polymeric membranes are reviewed. First of all, permeability, solubility and diffusion coefficients of gases of PMSP membranes were shown. However, the permeability coefficient of gases, for example, oxygen permeability reported in references differs remarkably like 2.6-10×10-7 [cm3 (STP) ·cm/cm2·sec·cmHg] at 25°C. This suggests that the condition of the PMSP membrane before gas permeability measurement influences the results. In the second part, phenomena of the decrease of the gas permeability is introduced in detail. The PMSP membrane has extraordinary large unrelaxed free volume and the property of sorption of non-volatile organic vapor even at the lowest vapor pressure such as 10-6 torr. These are the main factor for the decrease of the gas permeability. The degree of the decrease reported also differs. In the third part, the modification of the PM-SP and/or PMSP membranes by physical and chemical methods are reviewed ; laminate with other gas permeable thin membranes, filling with polyorganosiloxane or oligomers, and irradiation of ultraviolet light, low-temperature plasma treatment, graft polymerization on C-CH3, copolymerization with phenyl propyne. Especially, the filling of polydimethylsiloxane into the PMSP membrane is effective for the stabilization of the gas permeability against the physical aging, even in the filling of low concentration of less than 1 wt%.
Stratum corneum intercellular lipid as compared to erythrocyte ghosts: an ESR study of thermotropic behavior and nitroxide reduction. Electron Spin Resonance.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Intercellular membranes of Stratum Corneum and erythrocyte ghosts were studied through partition of Tempo nitroxide spin label. Stratum Corneum presents a phase transition-monitored by the spin label at 58 degrees C--that is in agreement with data obtained through the use of other techniques. A reduction of the nitroxide is observed. Erythrocyte ghosts at protein concentrations higher than the values generally used in ESR studies (above 15 mg/ml) also show the partition and reduction of Tempo. Experimental data suggest that the reduction mechanism might be common to both types of membranes involving probably the membrane lipoperoxidation as well as protein oxidation.
Sealing requirements for electrical equipment connecting to high pressure process systems

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Both the National Electrical Code (NEC) and the Canadian Electrical Code (CEC) contain sealing requirements to prevent the migration of flammable fluids from travelling through wiring systems to nonhazardous locations. This paper will review the need for, the intent and the application of these code requirements. Case studies of incidents will be discussed to demonstrate that significant hazards exist, and how they are effectively mitigated by the code requirements. In addition, product standards can be used to meet the intent of the sealing requirements. CSA C22.2 No. 30 Explosion Proof Enclosures for use in Class I Hazardous Locations, and ISA 12.27.03 Requirements for Process Sealing Between Electrical Systems and Flammable or Combustible Process Fluids currently exist and IEEE PAR 1673 Requirements for Conduit and Cable Seals for Field Connected Wiring to Equipment in Petroleum and Chemical Industry Exposed to Pressures Above 1.5 kilopascals (0.22 psi) is under development.
Gamma-Globin Gene Promoter Elements Required for Interaction With Globin Enhancers

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Normal expression of the human β-globin domain genes is dependent on at least three types of regulatory elements located within the β-globin domain: the locus control region (LCR), globin enhancer elements (3′β and 3′Aγ), and the individual globin gene promoter and upstream regions. It has been postulated that regulation occurs through physical interactions between factors bound to these elements, which are located at considerable distances from each other. To identify the elements required for promoter-enhancer interactions from a distance, we have investigated the expression of the wild-type, truncated, and mutated γ-globin promoters linked to the 5′HS2 enhancer. We show that in K562 cells, 5′HS2 increases activity approximately 20-fold from both a wild-type and truncated (-135 → +25) γ promoter and that truncation or site-directed mutagenesis of the tandem CCAAT boxes eliminated the enhancement by 5′HS2. Mutation of the γ-globin gene promoter GATA-1 binding sites did not decrease either promoter strength or enhancement of activity by 5′HS2. To determine if enhanced expression of γ-globin gene promoters carrying mutations associated with hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin (HPFH) was due to greater interactions with enhancers, we linked these HPFH γ-globin gene promoters to 5′HS2 and demonstrated a twofold to threefold higher expression than the corresponding wild-type promoter plus enhancer in MEL cells. Addition of the Aγ-globin gene 3′ enhancer to a plasmid containing the γ-globin gene promoter and 5′HS2 did not further enhance promoter strength. Furthermore, we have demonstrated that the previously identified core 5′HS2 enhancer (46-bp tandem AP-1/NF-E2 sites) increased expression only when located 5′, but not 3′, to the γ-globin-luciferase reporter gene, suggesting that its enhancer effect is not by DNA looping. Our results suggest that CCAAT boxes, but not GATA or CACCC binding sites, are required for interaction between the γ-globin promoter and the LCR/5′HS2 and that regulatory elements in addition to the core enhancer may be required for the enhancer to act from a distance.
Phase diagram and spectral properties of a new exactly integrable spin-1 quantum chain

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The spectral properties and phase diagram of the exactly integrable spin-1 quantum chain introduced by Alcaraz and Bariev are presented. The model has a U(1) symmetry and its integrability is associated with an unknown R-matrix whose dependence on the spectral parameters is not of a different form. The associated Bethe ansatz equations that fix the eigenspectra are distinct from those associated with other known integrable spin models. The model has a free parameter t(p). We show that at the special point t(p) = 1, the model acquires an extra U(1) symmetry and reduces to the deformed SU(3) Perk-Schultz model at a special value of its anisotropy q = exp(i2 pi/3) and in the presence of an external magnetic field. Our analysis is carried out either by solving the associated Bethe ansatz equations or by direct diagonalization of the quantum Hamiltonian for small lattice sizes. The phase diagram is calculated by exploring the consequences of conformal invariance on the finite-size corrections of the Hamiltonian eigenspectrum. The model exhibits a critical phase ruled by the c = 1 conformal field theory separated from a massive phase by first-order phase transitions.
Application of Ultrasonic Waves on Maintaining Freshness of Tilapia Fillet

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Fish fillet is one of fisheries products that easily deteriorated; hence handling techniques are needed to maintain the freshness. Ultrasonic wave have been widely applied to some of food products for maintaining freshness through microbial inactivation, however the ultrasonic application to fisheries products has not been reported. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of ultrasonic wave on fish freshness. The stages of the study were sample preparation, sonication, freshness parameters examination and histology observation. Ultrasonic wave did not affectthe organoleptic value and the TVB, but affected the pH value and the TPC. The sample in which the TPC value was found significantly different, were further observed after 48 and 96 hours storage. The result showed that the TPC value of sonicated sample for 9 minutes was lower to that of without sonication. Histology analysis showed, however, sonication made the structure of muscle fiber less compact and deformation of myomer was found. Keyword: Fillet, freshness, histology, nile tilapia, sonication, ultrasonic wave
SAFETY AND EFFICACY OF AUTOLOGOUS PLATELET-RICH PLASMA AS AN ADJUNCTIVE TREATMENT FOR ORGANIC ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Objectives Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is rich in growth factors that facilitate tissue regeneration, with emerging applications in various medical fields, including erectile dysfunction (ED). This study evaluated the safety and efficacy of PRP in combination with standard medical therapy compared to medical therapy alone for treating organic ED. Methods This retrospective analysis of a prospectively maintained database included 60 male patients with organic ED, divided into two groups: Group A (n = 30) received standard medical treatment while Group B (n = 30) received medical treatment plus PRP injections. PRP treatment involved four weekly injections followed by two additional biweekly injections. The primary outcomes were assessed using the International Index of Erectile Function-5 (IIEF-5) and the Erection Hardness Score (EHS) at the 3-month follow-up. Results The baseline characteristics of both groups, including age, smoking status, and comorbid conditions (diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease), were similar, with no statistically significant differences (P &gt; 0.05, Table 1). At the 3-month follow-up, a significant improvement in erectile function was observed in both groups (Table 2) but Group B demonstrated a significantly higher mean EHS score (3.23 ± 0.85) compared to Group A (2.73 ± 1.25), with a statistically significant difference (P = 0.003). Additionally, group B had a greater improvement in IIEF-5 scores, with a mean score of 19.73 ± 3.93 compared to 17.73 ± 6.56 in Group A (P &lt; 0.001). No adverse events related to PRP therapy were reported throughout the follow-up period, indicating the safety of the procedure. Conclusions At the 3-month follow-up, PRP combined with standard medical treatment resulted in significantly better erectile function outcomes compared to medical treatment alone. PRP therapy appears to be a safe and effective adjunctive treatment for organic ED. These findings support further investigation in larger, long-term studies to confirm the therapeutic potential of PRP in ED management. Conflicts of Interest None.
Biomanagement of Reniform Nematode, Rotylenchulus reniformis on Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) by Neem

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Two glass house experiments were conducted to study the impact of neem (Azadirachta indica) leaf extract and leaf powder on Rotylenchulus reniformis infecting cowpea. Aqueous leaf extract of neem was applied as foliar and soil application at two concentrations (10 and15%). Soil application with 15% extract recorded maximum growth parameters and yield (25.5 g/plant) and minimum nematode population in soil (109.5/250 cc) and root (10/g). Foliar application also showed significantly higher growth parameters and lesser nematode population compared to control. In another experiment, neem leaf powder as seed treatment at 10% w/w recorded the highest growth parameters and yield (36.5g/plant) and the lowest nematode population in soil (43.5/250 c.c.) and roots (3.5/g).
Determination of the Transport Efficiency in spICP-MS Analysis Using Conventional Sample Introduction Systems: An Interlaboratory Comparison Study

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

In single particle inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (spICP-MS), the transport efficiency is fundamental for the correct determination of both particle number concentration and size. In the present study, transport efficiency was systematically determined on three different days with six carefully characterised gold nanoparticle (AuNP) suspensions and in seven European and US expert laboratories using different ICP-MS instruments and spICP-MS software. Both particle size—(TES)—and particle frequency—(TEF)—methods were applied. The resulting transport efficiencies did not deviate much under ideal conditions. The TEF method however systematically resulted in lower transport efficiencies. The extent of this difference (0–300% rel. difference) depended largely on the choice and storage conditions of the nanoparticle suspensions used for the determination. The TES method is recommended when the principal measurement objective is particle size. If the main aim of the measurement is the determination of the particle number concentration, the TEF approach could be preferred as it might better account for particle losses in the sample introduction system.
A progressive mean control chart for monitoring time between events

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Control charts based on time between events (TBE) are widely used in high‐quality manufacturing processes where the events occur rarely. For monitoring such data, a new two‐sided TBE control chart called progressive mean control chart (regarded as PM‐TBE chart) is proposed in the present study. Through a simulation study and using the average run‐length (ARL) measure, it is shown that the proposed chart outperforms the t r , ARL‐unbiased gamma, GWMA‐TBE, and DEWMA‐TBE charts in detecting very small to moderate downward shifts, as well as in some cases small upward shifts. Moreover, the PM‐TBE chart is very robust for moderate to large shifts when the true distribution of the TBE observations is a Weibull or a lognormal. Finally, examples are given to display the application of the proposed chart.
Maps of soil organic carbon stocks in Brazil

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

This database was created by Gustavo Vieira Veloso and Lucas Carvalho Gomes 04/06/2022.
Contact: gustavo.v.veloso@gmail.com and lucascarvalhogomes15@hotmail.com
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Maps of soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks in Brazil of the article: "Modeling and mapping soil organic carbon stocks in Brazil" (doi: 10.1016/j.geoderma.2019.01.007) The dataset is composed of five folders of SOC stocks maps at the standard depths (0–5, 5–15, 15–30, 30–60, and 60–100 cm). The maps are in Geotif format (EPSG 102015) with a spatial resolution of approximately 1 km and include the mean SOC stocks, standard deviation (SD), coefficient of variation (CV), 0.05 and 0.95 quantiles. The maps are free to use and please cite also the article:
Gomes, L.C., Faria, R.M., de Souza, E., Veloso, G.V., Schaefer, C.E.G., & Fernandes Filho, E.I. (2019). Modeling and mapping soil organic carbon stocks in Brazil. Geoderma, 340, 337-350.
Weighted Rail Network Topological Analysis: Efficiency, Eccentricity, and Related Attributes

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

The North American railroad system can be well represented by a network with 302,943 links (track segments) and 250,388 nodes (stations, junctions, and waypoints), and other points of interest based on publicly accessible geographical information obtained from the Bureau of Transportation Statistics (BTS) and the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA). From this large network, a slightly more consolidated subnetwork representing the major freight railroads and Amtrak was selected for analysis. Recent improvements in network and graph theory and improvements in all-pairs shortest path algorithms make it more feasible to process certain characteristics on large networks with reduced computation time and resources. The characteristics of networks at issue in this study to support network-level risk and resilience studies include node efficiency, node eccentricity, and other attributes derived from those measures, such as network arithmetic efficiency, network geometric central node, radius, and diameter, and some distribution measures of the node characteristics. Rail distance weighting factors, representing the length of each rail derived from BTS data, are mapped to corresponding links and are used as link weights for the purpose of computing shortest paths and subsequent characteristics. These network characteristics can be used to place resources and plan for natural hazard and disaster scenarios. They relate to many practical applications such as network efficiency to distribute traffic and a network's ability to recover from disruptions.