jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Lithium-ion Kinetics at Interface between Lithium-ion Conductive Electrolyte/DMC-based Electrolyte Interfaces

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Lithium-ion transfer at interface between lithium-ion conductive ceramic of La0.55Li0.35TiO3 (LLT) and liquid electrolyte consisting of LiClO4 and mixture of EC and DMC (1:9 in vol%) was studied by AC impedance spectroscopy using a four-probe cell. From the Nyquist plot, the resistance due to the lithium-ion transfer at interface between LLT and liquid electrolyte was obtained. The temperature dependency of the charge transfer resistances gave the activation energies of around 53 kJmol-1, which is almost identical with the value for the lithium-ion transfer using the same system except that the volume ratio of EC and DMC is 1:1. In contrast, when the liquid electrolyte consisting of LiClO4 and DMC was used, the activation energy was evaluated to be 33 kJmol-1. Lithium-ion kinetics at the interface was discussed.
A Review of the Research Progress of Orthodontic Archwire Bending Robot for Fixed Appliances

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper proposes a comprehensive review of orthodontic archwire bending robots for fixed appliances, focusing on their key technologies. Orthodontic archwire bending robots can significantly reduce the workload of orthodontists and enhance the efficiency of orthodontic treatment with compared with the orthodontist’s manual bending of orthodontic archwires. Due to the high degree of customization required for orthodontic archwires and the challenge of springback during bending, research on robotic archwire bending has concentrated on developing advanced robotic systems, optimizing archwire bending plans, and implementing springback compensation methods. This paper comprehensively reviews the advancements in design and control of orthodontic archwire bending robots for fixed appliances. It delves into orthodontic archwire bending planning and springback compensation methods, providing a categorized introduction and detailed summaries. Finally, it evaluates and discusses the challenges and future directions of orthodontic archwire bending robots and their core technologies.
MECHANICS AND MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF CLASS III TREATMENT WITH ORTHODONTIC APPLIANCES WITH A MOVABLE RAMP

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Treatment of class III is a current problem in orthodontics that requires constant improvement of its methods, development of new or modifications of known methods and techniques. We have developed and studied the modification of removable functionally-directing orthodontic appliances for treatment of Class III, which consists of a plastic base, vestibular arc, retaining clasps, ramp, which is connected with the base by means of two torsion springs. Its usage ensures a prolonged contact of ramp with the teeth. We studied two types of club-shaped springs (torsion springs): one spring, which create an amortization effect during the action of the ramp, but do not change its inclination angle and second one – spring that seek to increase the angle of the ramp inclination due to the disclosure of its curl.
50 Jahre Valenztheorie und Dependenzgrammatik

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract This article celebrates 50 years of dependency grammar and valency theory. The development of both theories is traced historically and an overview of current problems and possible future developments is given. Section 1 poses basic questions of dependency grammar, which derive from the syntactic theory of L. Tesnière: his innovative analysis, developed decades before Chomsky's Syntactic Structures and Greenberg's Universals of Language , not only combines syntactic autonomy with a functional grounding, but also contains a typological perspective. Section 2 sketches a modern version of valency theory, tracing the discussion since Tesnière's Éléments de syntaxe structural and presenting much discussed topics such as the delimitation of complements from adjuncts and multi-dimensional valency models, but also more recent ideas such as typological-structural valency realisation, the interplay of construction and projection in the valency of polysemous verbs, semantic types of valency modification and historical valency change, i.e. the application of valency theory to non-standardised historical varieties. Section 3 addresses definitory problems of a pure dependency grammar, in particular criteria for establishing connexions between words and determining the regent (head), leading to a short comparison of the information contained in dependency and constituency representations. The article does not just take stock but in section 4 also develops ideas for the future development of syntactic theory by introducing constructionist elements into a projectionist framework and by adding the dimension of historical viability to synchronic syntactic theorising.
Germany’s approach to the functioning of NATO standing force groups in the mid-2010s and early 2020s

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Western democracies have endowed NATO with the functions of “containment” of Russia and influential non-Western powers in general. This process is accompanied by a spasmodic growth of the Alliance’s military capabilities and changes in its internal structure. The principal responsibility for the implementation of the aforementioned measures falls upon the European member states, particularly those which have been members of the Alliance for a considerable length of time. Of these, Germany has demonstrated the most considerable commitment. Although some studies have examined the evolution of the Alliance’s military structures, there is a dearth of literature on Germany’s role in the Alliance within the field of Russian historiography. Nevertheless, an analysis of this topic is crucial for a comprehensive understanding of Berlin’s strategic intentions. The objective of this article is to examine the role of the FRG in relation to the functioning of permanent NATO troops. In order to achieve this, the author employs two distinct theoretical frameworks, namely those of alliance theory and military capability building, in combination with a comparative analysis approach. The author illustrates the distinctive features of the evolution of permanent NATO force groups and elucidates the challenges, including a shortage of military personnel, and opportunities, including limited activity by other NATO member states, that have influenced the utilisation of the Bundeswehr in the functioning of the groups. In light of the aforementioned conceptual and operational documents, which serve as the foundation for Germany’s foreign policy, the article posits that the Federal Republic of Germany is prepared to assume a leading role within the European NATO member state contingent with regard to the operationalisation of multilateral troop groupings.
Criminal Liability in Land Certificate Forgery at Bandar Lampung National Land Agency

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Forgery of documents is a prevalent crime that significantly impacts society. This research focuses on a specific case of document forgery outlined in court decision No: 139/Pid.B/2022/PN. Tjk, examining the legal rationale behind the sentencing of a defendant accused of forging letters, and exploring the criminal liability of the perpetrators. This research investigates the extent and nature of penalties for forgery, including imprisonment and fines, under the doctrine of mens rea, and examines the circumstances that may justify or mitigate such crimes. Employing a normative legal approach complemented by empirical research, this research analyzes both primary and secondary data through library research and field studies. The findings reveal that the judicial considerations in convicting the defendant were based on the fulfillment of the elements outlined in the prosecutor's first alternative indictment, leading to the revocation of a land deed. The defendant was ultimately found guilty of letter forgery, highlighting the application of Article 263(2) of the Criminal Code, which addresses the responsibilities and liabilities in forgery cases. Recommendations for future legislative enhancements suggest the adoption of criminal laws that reflect the aspirations and values of the nation, prioritizing restorative justice to reconcile the interests of both victims and perpetrators, thus fostering a more peaceful resolution without relying solely on punitive measures.
SORPTION РATHOGENETIC THERAPY OF ENDOGENOUS INTOXICATION OF PEDIATRIC CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Gut endotoxicosis caused by penetration of bacterial and metabolic toxins from chime on the background of increasing permeability of gut wall is of great importance in pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory bowel diseases (nonspecific ulcerative colitis — NUC and Crohn’s disease). It is accompanied by disturbance of regulating homeostasis system with the following disturbances of organs and systems of toxication. Developed endotoxicosis accordingly contributes to maintain and to progress of metabolic and immunological changes. To obtain the precise degree and phase of development of endotoxicosis we estimated quantitative and qualitative changes of metabolic status in accordance with content in erythrocytes, plasma and urine LMMWP (low and medium molecular weight peptides). Taking into concideration the peculiarities of children endotoxicosis with, we suggested patogenetical absorption therapy. Therefore, the therapeutic complex was added enterosorbent ensoral, which absorb eczo and endogenic toxins and, moreover, positive influence for composition of intestinal microflora. Prominent clinical effect was accompanied by positive dynamics of laboratory-instrumental parameters.Key words: endogenous intoxication, inflammatory bowel diseases, nonspecific ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease, low and medium molecular weight peptides, enterosorbents, children.
Intergroup contact between professional groups: Two evaluation studies

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract We report two studies which evaluate practically‐oriented programmes of interprofessional contact involving doctors and social workers. The evaluation is based on the ‘contact hypothesis’ in intergroup relations, and highlights four sets of dependent measures: background perceptions, ingroup and outgroup ratings, knowledge, and judgements about work with outgroup partners and experienced contact. Consistent with the contact hypothesis, both studies revealed an improvement in outgroup attitudes, evidence of mutual intergroup differentiation (acknowledged superiority of ingroup and outgroup on independent dimensions), and increased outgroup knowledge. Greater change in Study 2 is interpreted in terms of its longer duration, and the opportunity it provided for contact with multiple outgroup members, compared with a single outgroup partner in Study 1. These findings from field studies are consistent with results from published laboratory experiments.
A deterministic technique for identifying dicotyledons in images

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The identification of plants is often based on leaf recognition. Ipomoea spp., a dicotyledon weed present in sugarcane plantations, has unique vesiculated venation patterns that can be used in the recognition process. The uncontrolled plantation environment imposes challenges to leaf-based plant identification, such as overlap, light intensity, and occlusion. This work proposes a method for accurate and fast identification of leaves using Haar-like features, Fuzzy Logic, and Connected Components to differentiate monocotyledons and dicotyledons. Fuzzy Logic is used to define the template size for Haar-like features, combined with Integral Image concept to reduce processing time by lowering the arithmetic operation count. Our proposal was able to differentiate the target dicotyledonous leaves in an uncontrolled field image with more than one dicotyledon leaf. The obtained accuracy is acceptable regarding the current literature and the processing time was reduced.
Electronic nose technology in the diagnosis of prostate cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Prostate cancer is a significant problem in modern oncourology due to its high incidence and mortality, largely due to untimely diagnosis of the disease. This article provides an overview of current diagnostic methods, including biopsy and magnetic resonance imaging, highlighting their limitations such as invasiveness and insufficient sensitivity. Given the need for more accurate and non-invasive diagnostic techniques, the potential use of an “electronic nose” — a multisensory system capable of detecting volatile organic compounds in urine samples — is explored. The literature review indicates that the use of this technique may offer high sensitivity and specificity in detecting prostate cancer, comparable to results obtained from specially trained detection dogs. The article analyzes recent clinical studies that validate the effectiveness of the electronic nose in identifying prostate cancer and describes the machine learning methodologies employed for recognizing urine samples. It is important to create uniform standards for the analysis of the gas composition of urine using the electronic nose. For the widespread implementation of this diagnostic method, it is necessary to conduct large randomized studies with the formation of a sufficient evidence base.
Selective Iododeamination of Electron-Deficient Anilines Using Task-Specific Nitrite- and Iodide-Based Ionic Liquids

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A convenient and rapid method for the synthesis of aryliodides via the sequential diazotization–iodination of electron-deficient anilines using IL-ONO/[bmim]I is described. IL-ONO and [bmim]I were used as a nitrosonium source for diazotization of anilines and as a iodide ion source for subsequent iodination respectively. Electron-deficient anilines were efficiently and selectively iododeaminated in the presence of other anilines in good to excellent yields. This reaction can be regarded as a new method for the preparation of synthetically and pharmaceutically important iodoarens. Selectively iododeamination of electron-poor anilines in the presence of electron-rich anilines is one of the synthetically important advantages of this new method.
Research on Fault Line Selection Method Based on Convolutional Neural Networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract In order to improve the reliability and accuracy of Single-Phase-to-Ground Fault line selection for small current grounding systems, this paper proposes a method named Deep Convolutional Neural Networks with Wide First-layer Kernels (WDCNN). The proposed method uses the original current signal as input and uses a wide kernel in the first convolutional layer to extract features and suppress high-frequency noise. The following convolutional layers with small convolution kernels are used for multilayer nonlinear mapping. Batch normalization layers and dropout layers are carried out for improving the generalization ability of the model. The simulation results show that the recognition rate of the proposed WDCNN can reach 99%, and it is not affected by factors such as grounding impedance, fault location and fault time.
Quantum computing

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Quantum computing promises to be the next disruptive technology, with numerous possible applications and implications for organizations and markets. Quantum computers exploit principles of quantum mechanics, such as superposition and entanglement, to represent data and perform operations on them. Both of these principles enable quantum computers to solve very specific, complex problems significantly faster than standard computers. Against this backdrop, this fundamental gives a brief overview of the three layers of a quantum computer: hardware, system software, and application layer. Furthermore, we introduce potential application areas of quantum computing and possible research directions for the field of information systems.
Resistance movement: the antibiotic crisis in hospitals.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The near-miraculous healing power of antibiotic is being undermined by the rapid evolution of drug-resistant bacteria. The costs, in human and economic terms, could be staggering for all caregivers and patients, but especially for institutional providers like hospitals. In an article adapted from the Journal of the American Medical Association, Dr. Goldmann explains why antibiotic resistance is a crisis and how the danger can be mitigated.
Inside the head of a cybertype – three-dimensional reconstruction of the head muscles of Ommatoiulus avatar (Diplopoda: Juliformia: Julidae) reveals insights into the feeding movements of Juliformia

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract The origin and diversification of the arthropod head is one of the major topics in the field of evolutionary morphology of Arthropoda. Among the major arthropod groups, Myriapoda and, more precisely Diplopoda, are generally poorly studied regarding their head anatomy. However, this group is of pivotal importance to understand the evolutionary functional morphology of the arthropod head. In this study, we investigate the complete musculoskeletal system of the diplopod head with a detailed description of the cephalic anatomy of the recently described species Ommatoiulus avatar. The comparison of our data with the literature on the few other species available show that the morphology of the musculoskeletal system within Juliformia, a subgroup of the Diplopoda, is relatively conservative. Using video recordings of the feeding movements in addition to the anatomical data, we revise the mechanism of the mandibular movements in Juliformia. There was a controversy whether mandibular abduction is an active process, facilitated by contraction of an abductor muscle, or if it is a passive process, mediated by tentorial and gnathochilarial movements not involving a direct abduction by muscular contraction. We show that mandibular abduction in Ommatoiulus is an active movement involving the contraction of an abductor muscle. This is similar to the mandibular abduction in other arthropod groups.
Rise of intercultural Biblical exegesis in Africa

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This article traces the rise and development of intercultural Biblical exegesis in Africa, especially with regard to New Testament interpretations. Different trends of Biblical exegesis practiced in Africa are explored, whereafter the different phases of intercultural exegesis are discussed. The focus falls on inculturation hermeneutic as an important method of interpreting the Bible in an African context. The different proponents of this method are discussed and differences in approach are noted and appraised as a healthy tension.
[North Texas basketball coach looking at the camera]

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Photograph of a North Texas basketball coach. He wears a white polo with a dark collar and buttons, dressy shorts, and a watch. His light hair is short and styled in a comb-over. He sits angles slightly to the left of the photo with his hands in his lap. He looks at the camera with a neutral expression. The background is a plain wall that cuts off on the right side of the photo to reveal a dark section next to the wall.
Lemon balm and sage herbal teas: Quantity and infusion time on the benefit of the content

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Sage (Salvia officinalis L.) and lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L) are important medicinal plants and their infusions (herbal teas) are the most common form of these plants consumed. In this study, herbal teas of both species cultivated and exported in Anatolia region were prepared using different infusion time (5 and 10 min) and sample amount (2 and 3 g). These herbal teas were analysed for their vitamin C, total phenolics, total flavonoids, total flavanols, free radical scavenging activities (1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl and hydrogen peroxide), and also twelve minerals (K, Na, Mg, Ca, Fe, B, Ti, Sr, Ba, Li, Ag and Ga) were determined in each sage and lemon balm dry leaves as well as their herbal teas. Vitamin C in the herbal teas varied from 0.24 to 615.8 µg/mL. Total bioactive contents of the herbal teas ranged from 76.4 to 215.4 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/cup for total phenolics, 16.2 to 69.9 mg quercetin (QE)/cup for total flavonoids, and 363.8 to 906.7 µg catechin equivalent (CE)/cup for total flavanol. The highest total bioactive contents and antioxidant activities were found in lemon balm herbal teas, and also in the herbal teas prepared with 3g sample amount and 10 min infusion time of both specie. As a result, the study also showed that the best sample amount in terms of the analysed minerals and vitamin C in herbal teas was 3 g for both species, but the best infusion time was 5 minutes for sage and 10 minutes for lemon balm.
Microstructure and magnetic properties of ultrafine grain iron-based soft ribbons

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The magnetic and structural properties of as-spun and crystallized Fe-Zr alloys with Cu and B substitutions have been studied. The Cu and B additions were both observed to affect the crystallization temperature and subsequent microstructure. Boron was observed to have the added effect of stabilizing the amorphous state. Crystallization at low temperatures (540 °C) gave the samples a single bcc phase with ultrafine grain size (20 nm), a low coercivity (about 0.1 Oe), and a high magnetization (185 emu/gm). The grain size and coercivity increased upon heat treatment at higher temperatures (720 °C), where a small amount of a second phase (Fe3Zr) appeared to coexist with the bcc phase.
The machine learning in the prediction of elections

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This research article, presents an analysis and a comparison of three different algorithms: A.- Grouping method K-means, B.-Expectation a convergence criteria, EM and C.- Methodology for classification LAMDA, using two software of classification Weka and SALSA, as an aid for the prediction of future elections in the state of Quintana Roo. When working with electoral data, these are classified in a qualitative and quantitative way, by such virtue at the end of this article you will have the elements necessary to decide, which software, has better performance for such learning of classification.The main reason for the development of this work, is to demonstrate the efficiency of algorithms, with different data types. At the end, it may be decided, the algorithm with the better performance in data management.
Co-trimoxazole in prevention of bacteriuria after prostatectomy.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In a prospective, double-blind trial prophylactic cotrimoxazole produced a highly significant reduction in the incidence of bacteriuria after prostatectomy. Only two out of 38 patients who received the drug developed bacteriuria compared with 19 out of 36 patients on placebo. Klebsiella-Enterobacter spp and coagulase-negative staphylococci were responsible for most infections. Although co-trimoxazole prophylaxis is obviously effective, widespread use might increase the incidence of bacterial resistance.