jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Sexually Transmitted Infection Epidemiology and Care in Rural Areas: A Narrative Review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background Although rural areas contain approximately 19% of the US population, little research has explored sexually transmitted infection (STI) risk and how urban-developed interventions may be suitable in more population-thin areas. Although STI rates vary across rural areas, these areas share diminishing access to screening and limited rural-specific testing of STI interventions. Methods This narrative review uses a political ecology model of health and explores 4 domains influencing STI risk and screening: epidemiology, health services, political and economic, and social. Articles describing aspects of rural STI epidemiology, screening access and use, and intervention utility within these domains were found by a search of PubMed. Results Epidemiology contributes to risk via multiple means, such as the presence of increased-risk populations and the at-times disproportionate impact of the opioid/drug use epidemic. Rural health services are diminishing in quantity, often have lesser accessibility, and may be stigmatizing to those needing services. Local political and economic influences include funding decisions, variable enforcement of laws/statutes, and systemic prevention of harm reduction services. Social norms such as stigma and discrimination can prevent individuals from seeking appropriate care, and also lessen individual self-efficacy to reduce personal risk. Conclusions Sexually transmitted infection in rural areas is significant in scope and facing diminished prevention opportunities and resources. Although many STI interventions have been developed and piloted, few have been tested to scale or operationalized in rural areas. By considering rural STI risk reduction within a holistic model, purposeful exploration of interventions tailored to rural environments may be explored.
Decreased Rivaroxaban Levels in a Patient with Cerebral Vein Thrombosis Receiving Phenytoin

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Combined use of antiepileptic drugs and anticoagulants is common. We describe the first case documenting laboratory interaction between rivaroxaban and phenytoin. A 48-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital due to cerebral venous thrombosis, bilateral pulmonary embolism, and deep vein thrombosis. She came from a small town with difficult access to warfarin monitoring. She was receiving phenytoin 100 mg three times daily (t.i.d.) and started enoxaparin 60 mg twice daily (b.i.d.). An abdominal mass was diagnosed and removed by laparoscopy (gastrointestinal stromal tumor). On day 5, she was switched to rivaroxaban 15 mg b.i.d. First peak anti-Factor Xa was 70 ng/ml (reference value: 100-300 ng/ml). She was discharged on rivaroxaban 15 mg b.i.d. and phenytoin 100 mg t.i.d. A week later, anti-Xa levels were 90 ng/ml. Due to concerns about thrombosis progression, she was switched to dabigatran. During follow-up, she remained asymptomatic and thrombin time >180 s was measured several times along 3 months as surrogate for dabigatran activity. Phenytoin is a combined CYP3A4 and P-glycoprotein inducer, which might reduce rivaroxaban levels. Dabigatran is substrate of P-glycoprotein, meaning potential malabsorption. Despite unavailability of plasmatic dabigatran essays, our patient improved her symptoms without further symptomatic thromboembolism. Facing these interactions, either monitoring serum levels of anticoagulants or other therapeutic options should be considered.
Innovations in Housing for Smart Cities

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This paper presents research being conducted to develop sustainable and affordable housing that leverages population health strategies for smart cities. We are currently developing a multifamily prototype housing unit that demonstrates best practices in aging-in-place strategies and telehealth technology. We are also investigating prefabricated construction methodologies that will be used to bring plug-and-play technology infrastructure to the exploding senior housing demographic. Gigabit networks allow smart cites to collect and analyze vast amounts of data. Sensors embedded in the built environment are able to collect information on topics such as human vital signs (heart rate, breathing, body temperature, weight, blood pressure, hydration), physical activity (activities of daily living, falls, gait, sleep), environmental factors (temperature, humidity, air quality, water quality, weather), and pharmaceutical regimens (overdosing, missing doses). Population health strategies utilize the collection and analysis of such data to deliver health care more affordably and effectively, sometimes before we know we need it. Some of the more advanced technologies will include motion sensors/fall detection, gait analysis (determination of early onset Alzheimer's and Parkinson's), automated light-emitting diode (LED) smart-spectrum lighting (optimizing circadian rhythms), smart mirrors, smart toilets (hydration monitoring/diuretic dosage), sleep sensors (ballistocardiography), and automated medicine dispensers (coupled with smart toilets for heart medication).
A comparative study of cognitive and behavioral profiles between sporadic and type 8 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract Introduction/Aims Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) type 8 (ALS8) is caused by VAPB gene mutations. The differences between neuropsychological and behavioral profiles of patients with sporadic ALS (sALS) and those with ALS8 are unclear. We aimed to compare cognitive performance and behavioral aspects between sALS and ALS8 patients. Methods Our study included 29 symptomatic ALS8 patients (17 men; median age 49 years), 20 sALS patients (12 men; median age 55 years), and 30 healthy controls (16 men; median age 50 years), matched for sex, age, and education. Participants underwent neuropsychological assessments focused on executive functions, visual memory, and facial emotion recognition. Behavioral and psychiatric symptoms were evaluated using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and the Cambridge Behavioral Inventory. Results Clinical groups (sALS and ALS8) exhibited lower global cognitive efficiency and impaired cognitive flexibility, processing speed, and inhibitory control compared with controls. ALS8 and sALS showed similar performance in most executive tests, except for poorer verbal (lexical) fluency in those with sALS. Apathy, anxiety, and stereotypical behaviors were frequent in both clinical groups. Discussion sALS and ALS8 patients demonstrated similar deficits in most cognitive domains and had comparable behavioral profiles. These findings should be considered in the care of patients.
DEJECTION AND EXPULSION RATES OF COYOTES (CANIS LATRANS) IN CAPTIVITY

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract We obtained dejection and expulsion rates for use as correction factors in studies of diet and relative abundance of coyotes (Canis latrans). Feeding tests were performed at the Zacango Zoo, Calimaya, Mexico. We tested 3 treatments with different categories of biomass (10 to 80 g, 100 to 700 g, and 1,000 to 4,500 g). Dejection rates averaged 0.79 ± 0.22 SD excrements/g of biomass, with no significant difference among treatments. Expulsion rates significantly differed, with 1.33 scats produced/g of biomass for the first category (10 to 80 g), 4.69 scats/g of biomass for the second category, and 6.91 scats/g of biomass for the third. We compared these values with those from other studies performed with wolf (Canis lupus) and lynx (Lynx pardinus).
Pietrele. A Chalcolithic Settlement at the Lower Danube.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The booklet is an add on to the exibition organized in 2007 by Giurgiu Museum, reuniting old (1940s) and new (2000s) discoveries.Svend Hansen and Meda Toderaș study "Pietrele. A Chalcolithic Settlement at the Lower Danube" highlight this period as a crucial transformation from hunter-gatherer to agricultural ways of life, emphasizing its profound consequences for human existence and the social organization of societies . Their analysis extends to the implications of the complex production skills observed in ceramics, metal, and bone tools at Pietrele. These skills suggest the presence of larger and more sophisticated communities than commonly assumed for Copper Age sites, thereby contributing to a deeper understanding of Copper Age societies in the Lower Danube region Recent excavations have yielded significant new findings not previously documented for Copper Age settlements. These include geomagnetic investigations revealing building developments at the tell's base, alongside the discovery of a large circular ditch and, for the first time, unburned houses in a Copper Age settlement along the Lower Danube. Notable discoveries, such as a marble figurine of Aegean origin, are also highlighted, indicating early trade relations with distant regions.Bogdan Tanasescu's work at Pietrele centers on the practical aspects of archaeological investigation. He is noted for his involvement in excavations and the management of small finds databases in Giurgiu. Furthermore, Tanasescu's contributions are intrinsically linked to the Giurgiu Museum, which has been associated with the archaeological site of Pietrele “Gorgana” since its initial campaigns. He reconstitue the past excavations, meaning the initial one of Dumitru Berciu, an also some illegal ones done in the 80s.
Transnational Identities in Print: The Armenian-Language Press of France in a Global Perspective

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

To better understand the originality of the Armenian-language press of France, the introduction to this special issue situates this vast periodical output in its historical context, as well as in its natural theoretical background of allophone presses published throughout the world and in France. With its over 200 Armenian-language titles since 1855, including the exceptionally long-lasting daily Ḥaṛach (1925-2009), France has always been a central Armenian-language periodical printing hub. In correlation with articles in the issue, the introduction offers insights into its transnational dynamics. In particular, it shows how the Armenian-language press tried to cater to a plural, dispersed readership’s evolving expectations, while largely succeeding in making the Armenian language a vector of transnational identities within an always expanding diasporic space, after 1915.
Place of Mass Radiography in Relation to Lung Cancer in Men

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The value of miniature radiography for the detection of " early " or resectable lung cancer is a subject of consider- able and persistent controversy.The problem was viewed optimistically in the earlier days in the United States (Over- holt and Schmidt, 1949; Guiss, 1952; Rigler, O'Loughlin, and Tucker, 1953), but even then few authors shared Overholt's (1953) opinion: "This common cancer is the most detectable of all internal cancers.With the use of chest screening and present treatment methods, it can be the most curable of all internal cancers."In contrast, Bignall (1959) concluded that the majority of lung cancers are undetectable by any kind of radiography when they are small or so-called " early," and Shanks and Kerley (1962) cast doubts on the justification of large-scale mass- radiography surveys for the detection of lung cancer.In a previous paper we have shown that there is a higher resectability rate in cases found by unselective radiography than in those detected by other means, but the small numbers discovered at routine surveys, and in some instances the lack of adequate control groups, made statistical evaluation very difficult (Posner, McDowell, and Cross, 1959).Our work has been confirmed by others (Brett, 1959;Young, 1959;Cuthbert, 1959; Host, 1960).Furthermore, some of the studies here and in the United States (Posner et al., 1959; Boucot, Horie, and Sokoloff, 1959; Boucot, Cooper, and Weiss, 1961) showed that only a small proportion of cases detected by routine radiography were truly asymptomatic or " silent."An analysis of the contribution of miniature radiography to case-finding generally, and especially to the detection of early cases," must take into account that during the past decade the emphasis of mass radiography in England and Wales has shifted from the conventional periodical routine surveys in factories and areas to selective radiography of special groups.The most important of these groups is the one in which patients, the majority of whom have symptoms, are referred to the x-ray units by their general practitioners.Congquently, the majority of lung-cancer cases detected by miniature radiography in recent years originated from this group.During the past two years 55% of the 4,300 malignant pulmonary neoplasms in men came from general practitioners' referrals (Ministry of Health, 1961, 1962).Birmingham Region Investigation Heasman (1961) believes that only 10% of all new cases are diagnosed with the help of miniature radiography and only half of that proportion at routine surveys.In the area of the Birmingham Regional Hospital Board the registra- tion of cancer mortality and morbidity is now of a very high standard (Ministry of Health, 1961), and it is known that in 1959 miniature-radiography units contributed 394
An Experimental and Numerical Analysis of Empty and Foam-Filled Aluminium Conical Tubes under Oblique Impact Loading

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents the crushing behaviour of empty and foam-filled conical aluminium alloy (AA6061-T6) tubes under oblique impact loading using a validated nonlinear finite element (FE) code, LS-DYNA. The study aims to assess the beneficial of foam filling on the energy absorption in terms of mass reduction, for variations in filler density and geometrical parameters of AA6061-T6 tubes. The results obtained successfully identified the critical tube mass and critical foam density. It is evident that foam filling successfully induced high Specific Energy Absorption (SEA) value of foam-filled tubes thus proving that the assessment of critical total tube mass and critical foam density point is vital in identifying proper combination of tube-filler to the effectiveness of foam-filled tubes. The combination of AA6061-T6 tube and aluminium foam demonstrates pronounced SEA increase as high as 72.3% compared to the empty tube.
libtissue - implementing innate immunity

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In a previous paper the authors argued the case for incorporating ideas from innate immunity into articficial immune systems (AISs) and presented an outline for a conceptual framework for such systems. A number of key general properties observed in the biological innate and adaptive immune systems were hughlighted, and how such properties might be instantiated in artificial systems was discussed in detail. The next logical step is to take these ideas and build a software system with which AISs with these properties can be implemented and experimentally evaluated. This paper reports on the results of that step - the libtissue system.
Additional file 1 of Disruption of the white matter structural network and its correlation with baseline progression rate in patients with sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Additional file 1: Table S1. Head motion metrics in the participants. Table S2. Nodal topological metrics showing differences between ALS patients and healthy controls. Table S3. Demographic and head motion variables of two subgroups with different progression rate. Figure S1. Scree plot of the proportion of variance explained by each principal component. Figure S2. Classification performance for real and permutated data
Exploring Key Elements for Achieving Intergenerational Family Business Succession in the Chinese Context

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

In the rapidly evolving Chinese economy, family-owned businesses, integral to the nation's GDP and innovation, face a significant challenge with an impending wave of intergenerational succession. With over 5.5 million such businesses, less than 20% have identified successors, and only 6% have established succession plans. This study examines intergenerational succession in these businesses, applying Handler's (1989) satisfaction and effectiveness framework, alongside Pyromalis et al. (2006)'s model. The research, conducted through interviews with second-generation owners, aims to uncover factors influencing succession satisfaction and effectiveness. Key findings highlight the unique impact of Chinese cultural values on the succession process. Unlike expectations, the reluctance of incumbents to relinquish control isn't a source of frustration for successors, reflecting the cultural emphasis on respect and deference to elders. The study broadens its scope beyond family dynamics to stakeholder relationships, acknowledging their importance in succession. This research merges theoretical and empirical analyses, adapting a Greek-tested model to the Chinese context, thus enhancing its global relevance. It provides insights into Chinese family business succession, shaped by cultural norms, and demonstrates the versatility of Western models in diverse cultural landscapes, enriching the understanding of global family business succession.
Clinical features and therapeutic strategies for hepatogenous diabetes

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Liver,which plays important role in the metabolism of saccharide,lipid,protein and so on,has long been recognized as an essential energy metabolic organ for human beings.Glucose metabolic disorders or even more,glucose tolerance decreases and diabetes may be induced in patients with variaty of chronic liver demage,espicially with liver cirrhosis.This type of diabetes,which occurring secondary to chronic hepatic parenchymal damage,is named as hepatogenous diabetes(HD).Different from type Ⅱ diabetes mellitus,HD has a much more complex pathogenesis and may be subclinical.Reports said that diabetes will aggravate and intensify liver damage in cirrhosis,which in turn leading to a high morbidity of complications like hepatic encephalopathy,spontaneous bacterial peritonitis and hepatorenal syndromes.Therefore,clinician shall design individualized treatment by improving liver functions,reducing hyperglycemia and relieving the symptoms to control progression of liver disease,acute and chronic complications of HD,which will finally improve patients' life quality and prolonging their life-time.
Protecting Your Information When Traveling

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This chapter teaches about additional risks that can occur when we connect to publicly available Wi-Fi networks and how to protect our Internet access from bad actors, no matter where we are in the world. It discusses the cyberattacks commonly used against public Wi-Fi users: Man-in-the-Middle (MitM) attacks, fake Wi-Fi networks, packet sniffing, session hijacking, and shoulder surfing. The chapter presents specific recommendations to avoid juice jacking cyberattacks while traveling and charging our devices. A mainstream risk when traveling is the tourist scam, which could result in our stolen identity, information, and money. There are a wide variety of scams targeting travelers, and most schemes are after our money through the use of pick-pocketing tactics, fraudulent transactions, and clever social engineering. The chapter also provides travel recommendations to protect our identity, finances, and personal information when traveling abroad to foreign nation-states.
Preduodenal mechanisms in initiating gallbladder emptying in man

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract The existence of preduodenal phases of gallbladder emptying in normal volunteers was investigated by evaluating the effect of sham feeding a sandwich (chew and spit) (n = 15), the sight and smell of food followed by sham feeding a cooked meal (n = 15), and gastric distension (intragastric balloon tube) (n = 9) on gallbladder emptying and comparing these responses with those after ingestion of a standard meal (n = 14). A control group given no intestinal stimuli were studied to determine the frequency of spontaneous emptying during fasting (n = 18). 99mTc-EHIDA (2,6 diethylphenylcarbamoylmethyliminodiacetic acid) was used as the biliary tracer. The frequency of gallbladder emptying during fasting was 0.0045/min. Thus, in any 20 min period emptying occurred spontaneously in only about 1 in 11 volunteers. Significant emptying (&gt; 5 per cent over 20 min) occurred in 8 out of 15 volunteers after sham feeding a sandwich (P &lt; 0.001 versus control), in 8 out of 15 volunteers after sham feeding a cooked meal (P = 1.0 versus sandwich sham feed, n.s.), in 6 out of 9 volunteers after gastric distension (P &lt; 0.001 versus control) and in 14 out of 14 volunteers after meal ingestion. The rate of emptying was significantly greater in the gastric distension and meal ingestion groups compared with other groups (P &lt; 0.05). However, the emptying rate after sham feeding was not significantly different from spontaneous gallbladder emptying (P &gt; 0.05, n.s.). These was no significant difference in time to onset of emptying between the four stimulus groups (P &gt; 0.05, n.s.). These results suggest that pre-duodenal stimuli can evoke gallbladder emptying in man, although the precise physiological significance of this phenomenon remains to be established.
Musculoskeletal Wide-Detector CT Kinematic Evaluation: From Motion to Image

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Kinematic computed tomography (CT) allows identification of fine positional anomalies of bones during motion and under stress and has a potential role in the evaluation of dynamic joint diseases. The increasing width of CT detector systems has made kinematic CT clinically available. Information on acquisition protocol, patient preparation, and the influence of motion on image quality is scarce in the literature despite the obvious importance for the clinical application of this technique. In this article we review the current knowledge on the relation between motion and artifacts, recommendations for the acquisition protocol, as well as current indications for kinematic CT.
Sophie Heywood, Catholicism and Chidren’s Literature in France. The comtesse de Ségur (1799-1874)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Il s’agit de la version publique d’une thèse de doctorat présentée à l’université d’Édimbourg. L’étude commence par une introduction exposant les enjeux de ce travail qui se développe ensuite en cinq chapitres formant comme des tableaux à la fois autonomes et complémentaires. Le premier chapitre est une présentation de la biographie de l’auteur ; le second propose une étude des personnages classés en trois types principaux (les nobles, les saints et les délinquants) ; le troisième analyse les...
How Do Hackathons Foster Creativity? Towards Automated Evaluation of Creativity at Scale

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Hackathons have become popular collaborative events for accelerating the development of creative ideas and prototypes. There are several case studies showcasing creative outcomes across domains such as industry, education, and research. However, there are no large-scale studies on creativity in hackathons which can advance theory on how hackathon formats lead to creative outcomes. We conducted a computational analysis of 193,353 hackathon projects. By operationalizing creativity through usefulness and novelty, we refined our dataset to 10,363 projects, allowing us to analyze how participant characteristics, collaboration patterns, and hackathon setups influence the development of creative projects. The contribution of our paper is twofold: We identified means for organizers to foster creativity in hackathons. We also explore the use of large language models (LLMs) to augment the evaluation of creative outcomes and discuss challenges and opportunities of doing this, which has implications for creativity research at large.