jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Progressive Qualities of A.M.R. Barret's Complete Method for the Oboe

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Say the words ‘oboe’ and ‘method book’ in the same sentence, and invariably, the majority of musicians would think of one person: Apollon Marie-Rose Barret. His book is one of today's most widely-used methods for the education of young and experienced oboists alike. Written in 1850 and revised in 1862, it is the standard for oboe methods. And through it, Barret (1804-1879) established himself as a fixture in the oboe world. Often known simply as “the Barret” or “the Barret Book,” the method contains teachings, exercises, etudes, and solos that guide students through the basic elements of not just the oboe, but also of music. As popular as Barret's book is, it is surprising how little literature thoroughly addresses it. Many books and papers mention Barret, but it is usually within the context of a broader subject. Beyond discussions of Barret, a number of authors have also edited and transcribed his Method. In order to further understand Barret's book more completely, this paper will focus on its contents and how they are organized. This treatise outlines the life and works of A.M.R. Barret, as well as the background and progressive qualities of his Complete Method for the Oboe. The purpose here is to bring to light the educational foundation by which Barrett organized his teachings in order to understand why his method is still one of the primary educational tools used by oboists today. This paper shows why the method book has that value and how it is accomplished: through the progressive nature of the book's content. This progressive nature will be demonstrated by isolating two musical techniques and showing how they are utilized: first in isolation, and then in increasingly larger musical contexts.
IDENTIFICATION OF CURRENT KEY TOPICS IN ERP POST-IMPLEMENTATION RESEARCH: A LITERATURE REVIEW CLASSIFICATION FRAMEWORK

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems enable business operations through IT in basically any mid- to large-size company. In the past, research on ERP systems has focused heavily on their adoption and implementation. However, since implemented and running ERP systems are already omnipresent in most industrialized countries, research has to shift its focus to the post-implementation phase. Consequently, in this paper we prepare the basis for a literature review on ERP post-implementation research. We have synthesized and extended classification schemes from prior ERP- and organizational learning literature by distinguishing the level of exploitation and exploration from a technical, an organizational, and a business perspective. Using this framework as a tool, we will be able to systematize relevant literature and we can identify category-specific and inter-categorical exploitation and exploration activities, which will reveal cross-cutting research issues in ERP post-implementation.
Sports Medicine in the Pediatric Office, 2nd edition

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Completely revised and updated, the second edition of this best-selling pediatric sports medicine resource provides step-by-step demonstrations of the examination and evaluation techniques for common sports injuries.

The book includes more than 100 images, plus 2+ hours of video covering physical examination keys, when to order radiographs, CT scans, and MRIs; treatment plan development; case-based coverage of common injuries, including ankle and foot, knee and lower leg, shoulder, wrist and elbow, hip and spine, and concussions and preventive strategies.

This all encompassing resource allows you to:

Walk through case studies that highlight the issues most commonly seen at specific stages of development.

View examinations and tests that can help you identify the extent and location of injury.

See demonstrations of preventive strengthening exercises.

Use proven approaches to diagnosing and managing sports injuries to improve your practice.

Learn which test results to obtain and when.

New features

All chapters fully reviewed and updated

New chapter on Trends in Prevention of Sports Injury in the Young Athlete

5 new sport-specific chapters

- Soccer

- Baseball and softball

- Collision sports (football, hockey, lacrosse, and rugby)

- Gymnastics

- Running

Chapters provide:

Overview of the sport(s)

Overview of the sport history and demographic information in young athletes

Cases-based scenarios that highlight the major issues in the sport

Suggestions on how pediatric health professionals can ensure the safest sport experience in the sport
A critical look at scheduled relaparotomy for secondary bacterial peritonitis.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Scheduled relaparotomy is attracting interest as a means of treating intra-abdominal sepsis. It is the subject of several studies to evaluate its role in the management of peritoneal infection. However, indications for this procedure are not clear and current knowledge does not allow for adequate scientific evaluation. Many trials lack control groups and historical control groups cannot be evaluated on criteria, such as illness severity, concomitant health problems or even surgical technique. Indicators of outcome are generally described in insufficient detail; only death or survival are reported and important morbidity and resource utilization data are not included. A randomized, prospective, multicenter clinical trial using standardized techniques is necessary to determine the usefulness of scheduled relaparotomy performed on different patients.
Rainfall Washoff of Spores From Concrete and Asphalt Surfaces

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract After a biological terrorist attack, understanding the migration of agents such as Bacillus anthracis is critical due to their deadly nature. This is important in urban settings with higher likelihood of human exposure and a large fraction of impervious materials contributing to pollutant washoff. The study goals were to understand the removal of spores from urban surfaces under different rainfall conditions, to compare washoff of two B. anthracis surrogate spores, and to compare two empirical fits for the first flush of spores from small areas. Concrete and asphalt were inoculated with either Bacillus atrophaeus or Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki spores and exposed to simulated rainfall. The study assessed goodness‐of‐fit for the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM)'s exponential washoff function compared to an alternative two‐stage exponential function. The highest average washoff of spores was 15% for an hour‐long experiment. Spore washoff was not significantly different for the two spore types, but there were significant differences in washoff from asphalt versus concrete with more occurring from asphalt. Average kinetic energy of the storm event impacted washoff from asphalt, but not concrete. The two‐stage function had a better goodness‐of‐fit than the SWMM exponential function. As such, emergency responders should be aware that the spread of contamination is impacted by the droplet characteristics of the storm event and the surface material type in the contaminated area; modelers should be aware that different data‐fitting approaches may be more appropriate for first‐flush calculations of small washoff areas than those used for continuous long‐term simulation of large subcatchments.
USE OF UKCIP02 CLIMATE‐CHANGE SCENARIOS IN FLOOD AND COASTAL DEFENCE

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

ABSTRACT Understanding the uncertainties and risks from climate change is necessary for managing and adapting to those risks. Climate‐change scenarios provide a starting point for assessing climate‐change vulnerability, impact and adaptation. In April 2002, the UK Climate Impacts Programme released new future climate scenarios and was based on modelling at the Hadley Centre, which included temperature, soil moisture, rainfall, runoff, sea‐level rise and wind speed. These data provide a consistent source of information for use in UK climate‐change impact studies. This paper (a) summarises some of the results from this programme, (b) explores their implications, and (c) recommends how these results could be applied in UK flood and coastal defence. The opinions of about twenty selected individuals, who were involved in flood and coastal defence, were collated to assess current practice in the use of climate‐change information, requirements of climate‐change scenarios, and comparison of the content of UKCIP02 with those requirements.
Non-progressive familial idiopathic intracranial calcification: a family report.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The clinical features and long term outcome of familial idiopathic intracranial calcification in three members of one family are described. The illness presented as psychiatric disorder in all patients, and in one patient, epilepsy and intellectual deterioration were later manifestations. Skull radiographs and CT were performed sequentially, in one patient, over a 22 year period and, in another, CT was carried out eight years apart. In neither patient was there any evidence of progression of calcification.
THE RESECTION OF BONE IN THE THERAPY FOR PERIODONTAL DISEASE

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Root curettage as a presurgical preparation of the tissues with which we deal have been well established in the literature.It should, however, be discussed briefly to set the stage for the place which periodontal surgery in general and osseus resection in particular occupies in the general treatment plan for the patient.The reason for this will become clear when indications and contraindications for periodontal sur gery with and without bone reshaping is discussed.A highly unsatisfactory siuation exists when any of the methods we use are discussed in a vacuum as isolated procedures.It has been well established that the prime irritational factor, if not the etiologic component, of gingivitis and periodontitis is microbial in nature.We have no need to do more than to allude to this here.The only therapy found to be effective against periodontal disease has been debridement of plaque and retained debris and in certain short term approaches under special circumstances, antibiotic administration.This latter need not concern us here.The efficacy of root curettage, skillfully performed,
Characterization of the Absorption of Theophylline From Immediate- and Controlled-Release Dosage Forms With a Numerical Approach Using theIn VitroDissolution-Permeation Process Using Caco-2 Cells

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

After oral administration, drug absorption rate is recognized to be dependent on two major factors: dissolution and intestinal cells permeability. Caco-2 monolayer cells have been largely used as a permeation study model. In this study, a numerical approach funded on an exponential first-order time relationship was tested to compare immediate- and controlled-release tablets of theophylline using a dissolution-permeation system. The dissolution performance using USP II paddle apparatus was coupled to the permeability studies investigated in Caco-2 cell monolayers. The dissolved samples were taken at different times; their pH and osmolarity were adjusted to render them suitable to Caco-2 permeability studies (osmolarity = 300 mosm, pH = 7.4). The experimental data show that the dissolution fits the exponential first-order relationship rate. The permeability values were in a range of 4.45 10− 6–5.28 10− 6 cm/s, and percentages of absorbed drug dose were dependent on the fraction initially present in the donor compartment, indicating that absorption of theophylline was dissolution rate limited. Plotting experimental absorbed fractions (Fa) against experimental dissolved fractions (Fd) show that permeation is the rate-limiting step in drug absorption process in the extended release form of theophylline. Our results demonstrate a general agreement between observed Fa/Fd relationships and theoretical Fa/Fd relationships obtained with our approach funded on dissolution and permeation behavior. We concluded that the couple dissolution-caco-2 system could be a useful tool to characterize intestinal permeation for a new formulation of a drug compared with the conventional one.
Simplified spatially distributed, coupled soil moisture–groundwater model, evaluated for Flanders (Belgium)

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Study region: Flanders region of Belgium. Study focus: In hydrological studies, there is a need for computationally fast, spatially distributed models involving the unsaturated zone soil moisture, groundwater and their interactions, while maintaining good accuracy. This study builds on an approach based on the AquaCrop model for the unsaturated zone and a 2D explicit groundwater flow model. The model’s speed stems from its simplicity, while AquaCrop’s wide use provides a basic database for parameterization.Capillary rise, often not (explicitly) assessed in distributed models, is considered. For coupling the unsaturated and saturated zones better, the capillary rise algorithm by AquaCrop was modified. Groundwater flow to the rivers is represented combining Darcy’s law and the linear reservoir concept. Surface runoff modelling is modified to better incorporate the effects of urban environments. The model was parameterized using publicly available data (involving minimal calibration) and tested for Flanders. New hydrological insights for the region: Despite its simplicity, the model often performed acceptably. Its accuracy was generally higher for the degree of saturation in the upper 70 cm of the soil (R=0.90, RMSE=0.14) than the first 10 cm (R=0.68, RMSE=0.17). The groundwater levels for wells with observed depths less than 5 m were simulated better (R=0.82, RMSE=0.72 m) than the deeper ones (R=0.63, RMSE=4.59 m). Capillary rise was found to be a potentially substantial source of water to the crops.
Multi-pulse evolution and space-time chaos in dissipative systems

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We study semilinear parabolic systems on the full space Rn that admit a
family of exponentially decaying pulse-like steady states obtained via translations.
The multi-pulse solutions under consideration look like the sum of infinitely many
such pulses which are well separated. We prove a global center-manifold reduction
theorem for the temporal evolution of such multi-pulse solutions and show that the
dynamics of these solutions can be described by an infinite system of ODEs for the
positions of the pulses.
As an application of the developed theory, we verify the existence of SinaiBunimovich
space-time chaos in 1D space-time periodically forced Swift-Hohenberg
equation.
Hydrogeochemical Characterization and Water Quality Index-Based Evaluation of Groundwater for Drinking, Livestock, and Irrigation Use in the Arid Ewaso Ng’iro–Lagh Dera Basin, Kenya

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Groundwater is the main source of water for both domestic and agricultural use in arid regions. This study assessed the hydrogeochemical characteristics and suitability of groundwater for drinking and irrigation in Kenya’s Ewaso Ng’iro–Lagh Dera Basin. A total of 129 borehole groundwater samples were collected and analyzed for pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total hardness, and major ions. The groundwater was found to be mostly neutral to slightly alkaline and ranged from marginal to brackish in salinity. The dominant water type is Na-HCO3, with the ionic order Na+ > Ca2+ > Mg2+ > K+ and HCO3− > Cl− > SO42− > NO3−. Mineral saturation indices indicate that the water is undersaturated with gypsum and anhydrite but is saturated with calcite, dolomite, and aragonite. Groundwater chemistry is primarily influenced by ion exchange, the mixing of fresh and paleo-saline water, and rock weathering processes. The water quality index (WQI) reveals that 80.5% of groundwater is suitable for drinking. The rest have high levels of sodium, EC, and bicarbonate. Thus, they are not suitable. The irrigation water quality index (IWQI) places most samples in the moderate-to-severe restriction category due to high salinity and sodicity. These findings highlight the importance of properly treating groundwater before use.
Synthesis of NdAlO3 Nanoparticles and Evaluation of the Catalytic Capacity for Biodiesel Synthesis

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Biodiesel synthesis was carried out via heterogeneous catalysis of canola oil with nanoparticles of a mixed oxide based on rare earths. The catalyst synthesis (NdAlO3) was carried out based on the method proposed by Pechini for the synthesis of nanoparticles. Thermogravimetric analysis-differential thermal analysis (TGA-DTA) analysis was performed on the nanoparticle precursor gel in order to establish the optimum conditions for its calcination, with these being of 800 °C over 24 h. A pure NdAlO3 compound with an approximate size of 100 nm was obtained. The products of the transesterification reaction were analyzed using gas chromatography, FTIR, and NMR. The optimum reaction conditions were determined, namely, the temperature effect, reaction time, methanol:oil mass ratio, and recyclability of the catalyst. These studies showed the following optimal conditions: 200 °C, 5 h, methanol:oil mass ratio of 6:1, and a constant decrease in the catalytic activity of the catalyst was observed for up to six reuses, which later remained constant at around a 50% conversion rate. The maximum biodiesel yield obtained with the optimum conditions was around 75%. Analysis of the reaction products showed that the residual oil showed a chemical composition different from that of the source oil, and that both the biodiesel and glycerol obtained were of high purity.
METHODS AND TECHNIQUES IN WORK TIME STRUCTURE DETERMINING: THEORY AND PRACTICE IN AIRCRAFT INDUSTRY

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

For the two most important known methods and techniques of determining and quantification of the classic work time structure cWTS, Work Day Figure WDF and Ratio Delay Study RDS or Work Sampling M ethod WSM, the theoretical hypothesis of the most important characteristics is represented, the same as procedures in four phases, along with their comparison. The project of application procedures for the methods and techniques WDF and RSD/ WSM has been done in the individual research and in comparison of the results of methods with the object of research from the business system and the aircraft industry processes, along with the belonging conclusions and state improvement suggestions.
Review of Public Transport In Sweden: Implementation on the Passenger Rail Market and Plans for the Local Public Transport Market

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Up until now competition in the Swedish passenger rail industry has been for rather than on the market. The Parliament has now decided to fully open the market for passenger rail services. This liberalisation means that rail operating companies will be allowed to provide passenger rail services on the entire domestic network. Competition will be gradually introduced. 2012 will be the first year when a complete capacity allocation procedure has taken place based on the new open market conditions. Conditions surrounding local and regional public transportation have been investigated with a view to modernize the national legislation and strengthen passengers´ rights. This process is pending and proposals concerning passengers´ rights are yet to be submitted. It is envisaged that a bill be presented in the spring 2010 that will set out, inter alia, principles for entering the local and regional markets for pubic transportation and that the roles and objectives of the local authorities are redefined. One must look back some 30 years to find a revision of the same magnitude. Changes in the way that the market works and in society as a whole are the triggers behind this development
An Efficient Multiple Object Vision Tracking System using Bipartite Graph Matching

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

For application domains like 11 vs. 11 robot soccer league, crowd surveillance and air traffic control, vision systems need to be able to identify and maintain information in real time about multiple objects as they move through an environment using video images. In this paper, we reduce the multi-object tracking problem to a bipartite graph matching and present efficient techniques that compute the optimal matching in real time. We demonstrate the robustness of our system on a task of tracking indistinguishable objects. One of the advantages of our tracking system is that it requires a much lower frame rate than standard tracking systems to reliably keep track of multiple objects. Key words
Chemical Constraints on the Oxygen Abundances in Jupiter and Saturn

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We perform a comparative analysis of the chemical kinetics of CO and $\rm PH_3$ in Jupiter and Saturn to assess the full set of constraints available on the troposphere water abundance in the two giant planets. For carbon monoxide we employ both a widely used CO kinetic scheme from Yung et al, and a newly identified CO chemical scheme from Visscher and Moses. For $\rm PH_3$ chemical scheme, we use the same chemical scheme as in Visscher and Fegley. Yung's chemical scheme for CO yields a water enrichment of 0.95 - 23.0 times solar abundance on Jupiter, and an upper limit of 14.0 for Saturn. Visscher's chemical scheme in contrast produces a water enrichment of 0.24 - 2.6 times solar abundance in Jupiter, and for Saturn an upper limit for water enrichment of 8.0. From this scheme, which takes advantage of the most up-to-date kinetics, we preclude high water enrichments on Jupiter and Saturn, and show that the kinetics approach yields Jovian bulk abundance in which values of C/O elevated relative to solar are admissible. Our result is consistent with recent reinterpretation of Galileo Probe data in which Jupiter formed in a water-depleted portion of the protoplanetary disk (Mousis et al).
Lipid analyses of isolated surface membranes ofLeishmania Donovani promastigotes

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Constituent lipids of surface membranes (SM) isolated from Leishmania donovani promastigotes were analyzed and compared with those obtained from whole cells and an isolated kinetoplast‐mitochondrion fraction (KM). On a dry weight basis, the total extractable lipids constituted ≈47%, 12% and 24% of the SM, cells and KM, respectively. The total lipids of SM, cells and KM all were composed of ≈70% phospholipids (PL), 20–25% neutral lipids and 5–10% glycolipids. Sterols and diglycerides composed 60% and 30%, respectively, of the various neutral lipid fractions. Several mannose‐ and galactose‐containing glycolipids were fractionated but not identified. The glycolipid fractions from cells and SM had demonstrable antigenic activities with rabbit anti‐SM sera. Striking quantitative differences were apparent between the PL profiles of the 3 cellular components examined. The PL of SM, whole cells and KM, respectively, were composed of: 15%, 51% and 24% phosphatidylcholine; 37%, 13% and 11% phosphatidylethanolamine (PE); 18%, 10% and 14% phosphatidylinositol; 10%, 1% and 4% phosphatidylserine and traces of cardiolipin, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidic acid. An unknown PL containing sphingosine, choline and vicinal hydroxyl groups but no free amino moieties made up ≈19% of the PL of SM and whole cells, but it constituted ≈27% of the PL of KM. The PL side chain constituents of whole cells and SM were composed mainly of longchain fatty acids (C18–20). Further, over 50% of the PE of SM was in the alkyl and alK‐1‐enyl ether forms. These SM properties might contribute to the organism's resistance to digestion in the hydrolytic environs of both its insect vector and mammalian hosts.