jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Identification of the molecular defect in factor IX Chapel Hill: substitution of histidine for arginine at position 145.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Hemophilia B Chapel Hill is a mild hereditary hemorrhagic disorder in which the factor IX antigen is present in normal amounts but factor IX biological activity is markedly reduced. Previous studies have demonstrated that purified factor IX Chapel Hill has 8% of the activity of normal human factor IX and that the activation of factor IX Chapel Hill is defective in that only one of the two peptide bonds hydrolyzed during activation of normal factor IX is cleaved. The tryptic peptides from normal human factor IX and factor IX Chapel Hill were subjected to analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography. Comparison of the elution profile of the peptides obtained from factor IX Chapel Hill and normal factor IX demonstrated that the tripeptide Leu-Thr-Arg, which is derived from the normal molecule (positions 143-145) immediately amino-terminal from the Arg-Ala peptide bond at 145-146 that is cleaved during the activation of factor IX with factor XIa, was absent in the digest obtained from factor factor IX Chapel Hill. The elongated "activation peptide" from factor factor IX Chapel Hill was obtained by further high-performance liquid chromatographic fractionation and subjected to primary structure analysis. The following sequence, corresponding to positions 143-147, was obtained: Leu-Thr-His-Ala-Glu. Thus, the primary molecular defect in factor factor IX Chapel Hill is the substitution of histidine for arginine at position 145. This substitution precludes cleavage by factor XIa at this peptide bond, and the activation peptide region remains associated with the light chain of factor IXa Chapel Hill.
The interaction of RNA polymerase II with the adenovirus-2 major late promoter is precluded by phosphorylation of the C-terminal domain of subunit IIa.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Mammalian RNA polymerase II contains at the C terminus of its largest subunit an unusual domain consisting of 52 tandem repeats of the consensus sequence Tyr-Ser-Pro-Thr-Ser-Pro-Ser. The phosphorylation of this domain is thought to play an important role in the transition of RNA polymerase II from a preinitiation complex to an elongating complex. The unphosphorylated form of RNA polymerase II is designated IIA, whereas the phosphorylated form is designated IIO. In an effort to determine the consequence of C-terminal domain phosphorylation on complex formation, 32P-labeled RNA polymerases IIA and IIO were prepared and examined for their ability to form a stable preinitiation complex on the adenovirus-2 major late promoter in the presence of a reconstituted HeLa cell transcription extract. Preinitiation complexes were formed in the absence of ATP and purified from free RNA polymerase II by chromatography on Sepharose CL-4B. The state of phosphorylation of the largest subunit was monitored by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and the transcriptional activity was determined by assaying specific transcript formation upon the addition of nucleotides and a competing DNA template. RNA polymerase IIA was recovered in transcriptionally active complexes in reactions in which the input enzyme was RNA polymerase IIA. In reactions with RNA polymerase IIO as the input enzyme, no IIO was recovered in excluded fractions that normally contain preinitiation complex. In reactions with equimolar amounts of RNA polymerases IIO and IIA, purified preinitiation complexes contained almost exclusively RNA polymerase HA. These results support the idea that RNA polymerase II containing an unphosphorylated C-terminal domain preferentially associates with the adenovirus-2 major late promoter. The state of phosphorylation of the C-terminal domain can, therefore, directly influence preinitiation complex formation. We also report here the presence of an activity in HeLa cell extracts that catalyzes dephosphorylation of the C-terminal domain, thereby converting RNA polymerase IIO to IIA. This C-terminal domain phosphatase is specific in that it does not catalyze the dephosphorylation of a serine residue phosphorylated by casein kinase II. The presence of a C-terminal domain phosphatase in in vitro transcription reactions containing RNA polymerase IIO results in the formation of RNA polymerase IIA. This RNA polymerase IIA associates preferentially with preinitiation complexes.
Fractional excretion of phosphorus and vascular calcification in stage 3 chronic kidney disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The role of renal excretion of Pi in relation to vascular calcification (VC) in patients in the early stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is controversial. Thus, we determine the relation between fractional excretion of phosphorus (FEP) and VC, measured using two methods in a cross-sectional study of patients with stage 3 CKD. We recorded demographic data, anthropometry, comorbidities and active treatment. We measured 24-hour urine FEP and, in serum, measured fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), α-Klotho, intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), calcium and phosphorus. VC was measured by lateral abdominal radiography (Kauppila index (KI)) and CT of the abdominal aorta (measured in Agatston units). In 57% of subjects, abnormal VC was present when measured using CT, and in only 17% using lateral abdominal radiography. Factors associated with VC using CT were age, cardiovascular risk factors, vascular comorbidity, microalbuminuria and levels of FGF23, phosphorus and calcium x phosphorus product (CaxP); although only age (OR 1.25, 95% CI 1.11 to 1.41), smoking (OR 21.2, CI 4.4 to 100) and CaxP (OR 1.21, CI 1.06 to 1.37) maintained the association in a multivariate analysis. By contrast, only age (OR 1.35, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.74), CaxP (OR 1.14, CI 1.13 to 1.92) and FEP (OR 1.07,95% CI 1004 to 1.14) were associated with abnormal VC in the lateral abdominal radiography. In conclusion, in patients with stage 3 CKD, the detection of VC by abdominal CT is more sensitive than conventional X-rays. Moreover, CaxP is associated with cardiovascular risk factors and vascular comorbidity; quantification of FEPi in these patients provides additional clinical information in advanced VC detected by KI.
Bayesian Estimation of Outstanding Claim Reserves

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper presents a Bayesian approach to forecasting outstanding claims, either the total number of claims or the total amount, that is used for claims reserving. The assumption is made that there is complete information for one or two past years of origin and partial information for some development years of other years of origin. It also assumes payments are made annually and that the development of partial payments follows a stable payoff pattern from one year of origin to another. Two different models are presented: one for the number of claims (intensity) and one for claim amounts (severity). The advantage of using this procedure is that actuaries can derive the complete predictive distribution of the reserve requirements, from which, in turn, it is possible to obtain point estimates as well as probability intervals and other summary measures, such as mean, variance, and quantiles.
Cloning of Lc -ACO1 and its expression related to fruitlet abscission in litchi

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

【Objective】In order to clarify the relationship between litchi ACC oxidase(ACO)gene and the fruitlet drop in litchi,【Method】 the methods of combination of RT-PCR and RACE were used for gene cloning.100 mg·L-1NAA was sprayed on 30 days after anthesis in ‘Heiye’ litchi to analysis fruitlet abscission.The relationship between ACO gene expression and the fruitlet drop was studied by qRT-PCR.【Result】One litchi ACO gene named Lc-ACO1 was firstly isolated from litchi.Lc-ACO1,a 1 231 bp full-length cDNA sequence with 89 bp 5′-UTR and 215 bp 3′-UTR,coded 309 amino acids.Lc-ACO1 covered nine conserved amino residues and seven conserved regions of ACO gene.Spraying 100 mg·L-1 NAA on 30 days after anthesis could significantly accelerate fruitlet abscission.The peak of relative fruitlet abscission rate(RFAR) appeared on the tenth day after treatment(DAT),while the peak of Lc-ACO1 gene expression occurred in the seventh DAT,three days earlier than that of RFAR.【Conclusion】The results indicated that Lc-ACO1 might be one of the key genes controlling fruitlet drop in litchi.
Application of ZZ-Transform with Homotopy Perturbation Method for Solving Higher-Order Boundary Value Problems

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, a new hybrid scheme for solving the higher-order boundary value problems is introduced. The presented approach is based on combination of the ZZ-transform method with the homotopy perturbation method to find the solutions of boundary value problems. To show the power of the proposed technique, several examples are tested and the comparison results are tabulated.
HMM-Based Asynchronous H ∞ Filtering for Fuzzy Singular Markovian Switching Systems With Retarded Time-Varying Delays

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This article reports our study on asynchronous H∞ filtering for fuzzy singular Markovian switching systems with retarded time-varying delays via the Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy control technique. The devised parallel distributed compensation fuzzy filter modes are described by a hidden Markovian model, which runs asynchronously with that of the original fuzzy singular Markovian switching delayed system. The fuzzy asynchronous filtering dealt with in this article contains synchronous and mode-independent filtering as special cases. Novel admissibility and filtering conditions are derived in terms of linear matrix inequalities so as to ensure the stochastic admissibility and the H∞ performance level. Simulation examples including a single-link robot arm are employed to demonstrate the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed fuzzy asynchronous filtering technique.
Identification of a Novel Fatty Acylated Protein That Partitions between the Plasma Membrane and Cytosol and Is Deacylated in Response to Serum and Growth Factor Stimulation

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Several proteins involved in transmembrane signaling have been shown previously to be modified covalently by long-chain fatty acids. Using the BC3H1 cell line, which contains a broad array of fatty acylated proteins, we have examined the possibility that acylation of certain proteins is modulated in response to mitogenic stimulation. In the present study, we describe a 64-kDa palmitoylated protein, referred to as p64, that is deacylated following stimulation of quiescent cells with fetal bovine serum, fibroblast growth factor, and phorbol dibutyrate. Western blot analysis of membrane and soluble fractions using a polyclonal antibody against p64 revealed that approximately 70% of p64 in unstimulated cells is present in the cytosol in a non-acylated form, whereas palmitoylated p64 is found exclusively in the membrane fraction. Extraction of membranes with 0.5 M sodium chloride, 0.2 M sodium pyrophosphate, or 0.2 M sodium carbonate failed to release p64, suggesting that the acylated form of this protein is tightly associated with membranes. Pulse labeling of proteins in quiescent cells with [3H] palmitate and subsequent chasing in medium containing 20% fetal bovine serum, fibroblast growth factor, or phorbol dibutyrate revealed that the fatty acid associated with p64 undergoes mitogen-stimulated turnover, whereas turnover of fatty-acid on other acylated proteins is not observed. Palmitate is the predominant fatty acid associated with p64; however, small amounts of covalent myristate are also detected. Both fatty acids are attached post-translationally to p64 through a hydroxylamine-sensitive linkage, suggesting that acylation of this protein is catalyzed by a palmitoyl transferase with relaxed specificity for fatty acid substrates. Together, these results suggest that palmitoylation may participate in the association of p64 with the plasma membrane and that mitogen-dependent deacylation might alter interactions between this protein and other membrane components.
An Examination of Speech Recognition in a Modulated Background and of Forward Masking in Younger and Older Listeners

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Purpose To compare speech intelligibility in the presence of a 10-Hz square-wave noise masker in younger and older listeners and to relate performance to recovery from forward masking. Method The signal-to-noise ratio required to achieve 50% sentence identification in the presence of a 10-Hz square-wave noise masker was obtained for each of the 8 younger/older listener pairs. Listeners were matched according to their quiet thresholds for frequencies from 600 to 4800 Hz in octave steps. Forward masking was also measured in 2 younger/older threshold-matched groups for signal delays of 2–40 ms. Results Older listeners typically required a significantly higher signal-to-noise ratio than younger listeners to achieve 50% correct sentence recognition. This effect may be understood in terms of increased forward-masked thresholds throughout the range of signal delays corresponding to the silent intervals in the modulated noise (e.g., <50 ms). Conclusions Significant differences were observed between older and younger listeners on measures of both speech intelligibility in a modulated background and forward masking over a range of signal delays (0–40 ms). Age-related susceptibility to forward masking at relatively short delays may reflect a deficit in processing at a fairly central level (e.g., broader temporal windows or less efficient processing).
Impact of Environmental Pollution on COVID-19 pandemic in Pakistan

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The global COVID-19 pandemic is not finished yet, so it’s taught us a lot of lessons already-the hard way. The current situation is dominated by studies on identifying the factors that impact, taking preventive steps and trying to find successful care at the top of the list. Countries around the globe have made some arrangement of lockdown in order to slow down their infection. However this lockdown makes some positive effect on air quality and substantial reduction in nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) air pollution worldwide. Luckily, NASA collected the images over Sentinel-5p satellite broadcasting using TROPOMI (TROPPspheric Monitoring Instrument) and issues the various images of major city of Pakistan before and after lockdown due to COVID-19 pandemic and its influence on the Pakistan air pollution.
Needles: Toward Large-Scale Genomic Prediction with Marker-by-Environment Interaction

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Genomic prediction relies on genotypic marker information to predict the agronomic performance of future hybrid breeds based on trial records. Because the effect of markers may vary substantially under the influence of different environmental conditions, marker-by-environment interaction effects have to be taken into account. However, this may lead to a dramatic increase in the computational resources needed for analyzing large-scale trial data. A high-performance computing solution, called Needles, is presented for handling such data sets. Needles is tailored to the particular properties of the underlying algebraic framework by exploiting a sparse matrix formalism where suited and by utilizing distributed computing techniques to enable the use of a dedicated computing cluster. It is demonstrated that large-scale analyses can be performed within reasonable time frames with this framework. Moreover, by analyzing simulated trial data, it is shown that the effects of markers with a high environmental interaction can be predicted more accurately when more records per environment are available in the training data. The availability of such data and their analysis with Needles also may lead to the discovery of highly contributing QTL in specific environmental conditions. Such a framework thus opens the path for plant breeders to select crops based on these QTL, resulting in hybrid lines with optimized agronomic performance in specific environmental conditions.
Effects of oral cobalamin supplementation on cognitive function in elderly persons with vitamin B12 deficiency

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Vitamin B12 deficiency is common in elderly persons and may be associated with cognitive impairment. However, evidence from trials of the effects of cobalamin supplementation on cognitive function is limited and inconclusive. We conducted an open prospective study to investigate the effects of cobalamin replacement therapy on cognitive function of older people with cognitive impairment and cobalamin deficiency. Ten patients aged ≥ 75 years with cognitive impairment (MMSE score between 10 and 25) and cobalamin deficiency (≤ 0.16 μg/L) were recruited. They were treated by vitamin B12: 1000 μg daily for 6 days, then weekly for 3 months, then monthly for 3 months. Cognitive function was assessed before treatment, 3 and 6 months later by Mini mental state examination (MMSE), verbal fluency test and Frontal assessment battery (FAB). Mean cobalamin serum levels significantly increased from 0.12 ± 0.03 μg/L at baseline to 0.22 ± 0.15 μg/L after 6 months (p = 0.004). Patients showed a statistically non-significant improvement of their mean MMSE scores; 20.4 ± 2.9, 22.6 ± 3.5 (p = 0.06) and 21.9 ± 3.0 (p = 0.07), at baseline, 3 and 6 months after treatment, respectively. Similar improvement was found in their verbal fluency and FAB scores. In spite of the trial's small number of patients, we found a nearly significant improvement in MMSE scores after 3 and 6 months of oral cobalamin supplementation. Previous studies showed that cobalamin supplementation could improve cognitive function in patients having a symptomatic mild dementia for less than 2 years. Therefore, all patients with cognitive impairment should be systematically investigated for cobalamin deficiency.
A nexus between the elements of brand equity and its creation: evidence from the telecommunication industry of Sri Lanka

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The study provides deeper understanding of the brand equity elements and its creation in the telecommunication industry in Sri Lanka. The main objective of the study was to examine how the image, awareness, and loyalty of the brand create brand equity in the telecommunication industry in Sri Lanka. A survey of 422 customers was conducted by a questionnaire. Multivariate analysis was applied using SPSS 20. The findings show that all variables included in this study support the creation of customer-based brand equity in the telecommunication sector in Sri Lanka. It was found that the telecommunication sector should focus more on generating brand knowledge.
Fatigue Resistance of Hybrid Resin Composite/Glass Fiber Reinforced Resin Composite Layered Clasps

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

目的：クラスプとして金銀パラジウム合金に比較し，GFRCの一つであるエステニアC&B EGファイバー（EG）は優れた疲労耐久性を示す．しかし，定変位疲労試験後のEGクラスプには，ガラスファイバーの剥離や亀裂が生じるなど臨床応用前に解決しなければいけない問題点も提起されている．本研究では，ガラスファイバーの剥離や亀裂の抑制を目的として，EGクラスプ外面にハイブリッドレジン（HR）を積層し，その疲労耐久性を評価した．方法：GFRCとして，エステニアC&BのEGファイバー，HRとしてエナメルボディーを用いた．定変位疲労試験ではEG/HRクラスプに一定変位（0.5mm）を20,000回まで繰り返し負荷した．また EG/HR積層試料を最長4週間水中保管し，最大曲げ荷重に与える吸水の影響も併せて評価した．結果：負荷20,000回までは，EG/HRクラスプは破折や永久変形そしてHR層の剥離や脱落を示さず，十分臨床応用可能であった．しかし負荷3,000回でEGとHRの境界で微小な亀裂が認められ，その後20,000回まで亀裂は成長した． EG/HR積層試料の最大曲げ荷重は吸水2週間および4週間で吸水前と比較して有意差は認められなかった．結論：EG/HRクラスプは，5年間の義歯の着脱を想定した繰り返し変位を負荷しても，破折や永久変形そしてHR層の脱落を示さなかった．
The Lieb-Schultz-Mattis Theorem: A Topological Point of View

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We review the Lieb-Schultz-Mattis theorem and its variants, which are no-go theorems that state that a quantum many-body system with certain conditions cannot have a locally-unique gapped ground state. We restrict ourselves to one-dimensional quantum spin systems and discuss both the generalized Lieb-Schultz-Mattis theorem for models with U(1) symmetry and the extended Lieb-Schultz-Mattis theorem for models with discrete symmetry. We also discuss the implication of the same arguments to systems on the infinite cylinder, both with the periodic boundary conditions and with the spiral boundary conditions. For models with U(1) symmetry, we here present a rearranged version of the original proof of Lieb, Schultz, and Mattis based on the twist operator. As the title suggests we take a modern topological point of view and prove the generalized Lieb-Schultz-Mattis theorem by making use of a topological index (which coincides with the filling factor). By a topological index, we mean an index that characterizes a locally-unique gapped ground state and is invariant under continuous (or smooth) modification of the ground state. For models with discrete symmetry, we describe the basic idea of the most general proof based on the topological index introduced in the context of symmetry-protected topological phases. We start from background materials such as the classification of projective representations of the symmetry group. We also review the notion that we call a locally-unique gapped ground state of a quantum spin system on an infinite lattice and present basic theorems. This notion turns out to be natural and useful from the physicists' point of view. We have tried to make the present article readable and almost self-contained. We only assume basic knowledge about quantum spin systems.
Life-Writing, Genre and Criticism in the Texts of Sylvia Townsend Warner and Valentine Ackland

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Sylvia Townsend Warner has increasingly become recognized as a significant and distinctive talent amongst twentieth-century authors. This volume explores her remarkable relationship with Valentine Ackland - her partner for forty years - by closely examining their letters and diaries alongside a selection of their other texts, in particular their poetry. This analysis reveals the crucial role their writing played in establishing, maintaining, and defending their intimacy and describes the emergence of an alternative textual world upon which they became wholly reliant. Examining how Warner and Ackland exploited the distance between their lived life and their accounts of it, gives rise to many fascinating and untold stories. Furthermore, in investigating the fluidity of the boundaries between letters, diaries and fiction this book also provides a fresh perspective on these life-writing forms. Warner and Ackland's need to speak as women, writers and lovers, shaped their texts, so that they became not simply records of events, nor acts of communication, but complex documents in which love is won and lost, myths are created, and lives are changed, as will be the perspectives of those who read this book.