jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Transmethylamine‐N‐Oxide Is Associated With Diffuse Cardiac Fibrosis in People Living With HIV

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background People living with HIV are at increased risk of developing diastolic dysfunction, heart failure, and sudden cardiac death, all of which have been characterized by higher levels of myocardial fibrosis. Transmethylamine‐N‐oxide (TMAO), a dietary gut metabolite, is linked to the development of myocardial fibrosis in animal models. However, it is unclear whether TMAO plays a role in the development of myocardial fibrosis in people living with HIV. Methods and Results The study population consisted of participants enrolled in the multisite cross‐sectional study called CHART‐HIV (Characterizing Heart Function on Anti‐Retroviral Therapy). Participants underwent echocardiography, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, biomarker analysis, and targeted assessment of gut‐related circulating metabolites; diastolic dysfunction was determined by study‐specific criteria. Multivariable linear regression models were performed to examine the relationship of gut‐related metabolites with serum and imaging measures of myocardial fibrosis. Models were adjusted for traditional cardiovascular, inflammatory, and HIV‐related risk factors. Diastolic dysfunction was present in 94 of 195 individuals (48%) in CHART‐HIV; this cohort demonstrated higher prevalence of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and chronic kidney disease as well as higher plasma levels of both TMAO and choline. TMAO levels were associated with parameters reflecting increased left ventricular filling pressures and with a marker of the innate immune system. TMAO levels correlated with diffuse myocardial fibrosis ( R =0.35; P <0.05) as characterized by myocardial extracellular volume fraction as well as biomarkers reflective of myocardial fibrosis. Conclusions In this study of people living with HIV, the gut metabolite TMAO was associated with underlying diffuse myocardial fibrosis and found to be a potential marker of early structural heart disease. The mechanistic role of the gut microbiome in HIV‐associated cardiovascular disease warrants further investigation. Registration URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov ; Unique identifier: NCT02860156.
Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices Among Lebanese Obstetricians and Gynecologists With Respect to COVID-19 and Pregnancy (Preprint)

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND

The COVID-19 pandemic has seriously disrupted the daily life of the general population, particularly the life of pregnant women. Since obstetricians and gynecologists (OBGYNs) are often the primary health care providers during pregnancy, they play a critical role in preventing and managing COVID-19 in their patients.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of OBGYNs with respect to COVID-19 and to identify existing gaps that need to be addressed to improve patient and occupational safety.

METHODS

A cross-sectional study using a web-based survey was conducted among Lebanese OBGYNs during the rapid growth of the COVID-19 pandemic in Lebanon between October 20 and November 20, 2020. The analysis was performed using the SPSS software. Knowledge, attitude, and practice scores were computed. A good level of knowledge was considered when 80% of answers from the respondents were correct.

RESULTS

A total of 279 OBGYNs participated in the survey, of whom 57% were men. The majority of OBGYNs (64.2%) were more than 45 years of age and married (79.9%) and had extensive work experience (70.3%). Only 28.3% were reluctant to provide medical care for patients with COVID-19. Most of them were afraid of contracting COVID-19 or transmitting COVID-19 contracted through occupational exposure to their family members and 42.3% felt overwhelmed. Of the OBGYNs, 62.7% considered the policies implemented by the Ministry of Public Health to be sufficient. The majority of OBGYNs had a good level of knowledge in different basic and specific domains related to COVID-19 and pregnancy. Furthermore, the practice score was good in all relevant aspects (personal, clinic, and patient).

CONCLUSIONS

The high knowledge and practice scores among Lebanese OBGYNs indicate a strong commitment from these physicians to fulfill their responsibilities toward themselves and their patients during the COVID-19 pandemic.
DD-027 Implementation and evaluation of an appointment based model for outpatients attending a hospital pharmacy

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background

Certain drugs that need special follow-up are dispensed from hospital pharmacies in some countries. Due to the increasing number of drugs included in these programmes, their economic impact and the growing number of patients, it is necessary to find new ways to optimise resources while improving pharmaceutical care. With the help of new technologies and new software, an appointment based pharmacy care model (ABM) for outpatients can become a challenge and a valid choice in hospital pharmacies.

Purpose

To implement and evaluate the results of changing from a queuing model (QM) to an ABM for outpatients attending a tertiary hospital pharmacy.

Material and methods

All outpatients treated at the pharmaceutical care unit since inclusion of the ABM in the hospital (May 2015) to the present (September 2015) were included in a retrospective data collection analysis through records of the dating and dispensing software.

Results

Pharmacy workflow was completely redesigned, staff was formed, and patients were informed during the previous month about the new ABM model. Staff numbers were increased with one administrative assistant. Analysis of the data showed a baseline of 703 outpatients (range 660–734) coming to collect their medications at the hospital pharmacy weekly (monthly 2956 (range 2638–3572)). The mean numbers of patients coming by ABM during the first 5 months post implantation were 764, 1373, 1751, 1985 and 2325, respectively, corresponding to 21%, 47%, 63%, 75% and 81%, respectively, of total attended patients. There was an upward tendency in the percentage of patients treated by the ABM with a reduction in patients remaining in the QM system, and although each month the increase was lower it has not yet flat-lined. Of the patients who had an appointment, 86% came to collect their medicines on their scheduled appointment, the number remaining fairly constant throughout the study period (range 86–87%) and thus so did the percentage of patients who failed to turn up for their appointment (14%); the reason for this failure is unclear and a matter of future study.

Conclusion

Pharmacy workflow redesign allowed implementation of an ABM for outpatients in a hospital pharmacy. 5 months after its implementation, 81% of patients came to the pharmacy care by ABM.

References and/or Acknowledgements

outpatient pharmacy staff. No conflict of interest.
Optimization of surface roughness and material removal rate in turning using gray-based Taguchi approach

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This study investigated the multi-optimization of the turning process on AISI1045 steel material with CNMG cutting tool for an optimal parametric combination to yield the minimum surfaces roughness with the maximum MRR using a combination of a Grey relational analysis (GRA) and the Taguchi method. In view of the fact, that traditional Taguchi method can’t solve a multi-objective optimization problem: To overcome this limitations Grey relation theory has been coupled with Taguchi method. Nine experimental runs based on an Orthogonal array of the Taguchi method were performed to drive objective functions to be optimized within the experimental domain the signification of the factors on the overall quality characteristics of the cutting process was also evaluated quantitatively using the Analysis of Variance ANOVA method. Optimal results verified through additional experiments.
Social Networks and Politics: The Use of Facebook in the Costa Rican 2014 Presidential Election

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

New Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) have changed the way how people interact in the new virtual spaces.Politics, as an expression of such interaction, is no exception to this.This study focuses on the contraposition of the mobilizing and normalizing theses, in its aim to demonstrate that social networks are a valid source for electoral political processes analyses.Therefore, the research focuses on the online dynamics generated by the five major presidential candidates in Costa Rica, during the 2013-2014 electoral campaign, in their official Facebook profiles.The study assess each candidate's communication, interaction and, finally, mobilization capabilities as from these virtual spaces.Such data are complemented and contrasted with national opinion polls results, as well as the final election results, finally showing Facebook's political value.
Protective relaying for multi-source generator buses

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The reliability of an industrial power system can be increased by proper selection and application of protective relays. This is especially true for the medium-voltage distribution system. An effective protective relay application scheme is presented that uses devices widely used in present pulp and paper mill power distribution systems. The effective use of summation overcurrent and directional overcurrent relays for multisource generator buses makes it possible for the power system protective engineer to achieve good selective operation between source buses for both phase and ground fault current conditions. This greatly enhances the reliability of the power distribution system.< >
Supercomputing for Full-Wave Tomographic Image Reconstruction in Near-Real Time

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper demonstrates large full-wave inverse-scattering solutions on the Blue Waters supercomputing facility. The high computational complexity of the distorted-Born iterative method (DBIM) is reduced with the multilevel fast multipole algorithm (MLFMA). A hierarchical parallelization of DBIM and MLFMA provides scaling to thousands of computing nodes of the supercomputer. Furthermore, we obtain considerable speedup with modern CPU+GPU architectures over conventional CPU+CPU ones. Results obtained on 4,096 GPU nodes demonstrate a near-real-time tomographic reconstruction, which is crucial for real-life imaging applications.
Missing value imputation with linear methods in the database of cardiological patients in prediction of mortality

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This study examines missing value imputation in the Russian Acute Coronary Syndrome Registry (RusACSR) and assessment of the probability of predicting mortality. Linear methods with the most probable or average value were used for imputation. The prediction problem was solved using the k-nearest neighbors method. This work reveals that the imputation method, despite their simplicity, increases the probability of prediction of mortality by 6%.
Dataset for Relationship between Islamic bank consumptive financing and gross regional domestic product in Indonesia, 2016-2020.xlsx

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This dataset is data derived from the Central Bureau of Statistics consisting of consumption financing and NPF from 2016-2020. Then in this dataset there is also inflation data that occurred in Indonesia from 2016-2020. Next, there is also data on the total population according to 37 provinces in Indonesia from 2016-2020. Finally, there is data on GRDP or gross regional domestic product in 37 provinces in Indonesia in 2016-2020.
Refugee Caregiver Perceptions of Using Mindfulness-Based Interventions to Support Coping Skills in Their Children: A Survey in Jordan

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Date Presented 03/23/24 We evaluated the perceptions of refugee caregivers on mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs), to inform OT’s role in mental health care for this population, as well as to expand on OT’s role in providing community-based services. Primary Author and Speaker: Zeina Fayad Contributing Authors: Alexandria Powers, Miranda Michele Mlincek, Diane L. Smith, Fatima Chehouri, Rawan Alheresh
On the spatio-temporal dynamics of interacting economic agents: Application of the modified method of simplest equation

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In this study we discuss a mathematical model based on an advection–reaction–diffusion type PDEs. The model describes the spatio-temporal dynamics of populations of interacting economic agents. We extend the generalized reaction–diffusion model for spatio–temporal population dynamics proposed [N. K. Vitanov, I. P. Jordanov, Z. I. Dimitrova, Applied Mathematics and Computation 215, 2950–2964 (2009)] by adding new advection terms to the equations therein. The new advection terms describe the preferential movement (migration) of agent systems to favorable regions due to their economic interests. We assume that the speeds of agent migration are density dependent on specific economic mechanisms. We extract an analytical solution of the proposed advection–reaction–diffusion model for the case of one population of interacting agents which migrates in one spatial direction. The numerical tests of the obtained analytical solution demonstrate propagation of nonlinear density waves of a 'kink' type. We show that the propagation wave front can change in dependence on assumptions made about migration speeds of the agents.
Elasmobranchs express separate cholecystokinin and gastrin genes

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The peptide hormone gastrin was long believed to be specific for higher vertebrates, whereas its homologue, cholecystokinin (CCK), has been assumed to represent the original ancestor of the CCK/gastrin family. To trace the divergence of the CCK/gastrin family beyond birds, reptiles, and amphibians we have now examined sharks. Distinct CCK and gastrin peptides were identified in two shark species, the spiny dogfish ( Squalus acanthias ) and the porbeagle ( Lamna cornubica ). The corresponding genes and cDNAs were isolated and sequenced from the spiny dogfish. Comparison with several vertebrate species show that the CCK gene and peptide structures have been considerably more conserved than the corresponding gastrin structures. Alignment of the dogfish prepropeptides displays similarities that support the hypothesis that they share a common ancestor. Our findings move the CCK/gastrin family segregation back to at least 350 million years ago. This event must have occurred before, or perhaps during, the evolution of cartilagenous fishes, probably concomitant with the occurrence of gastric acid secretion.
The relationship of knowledge management practices, the performance of government departments and Administrative and Diplomatic Officers in Malaysia

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This paper attempts to highlight the significant role of knowledge management practices (KMP) and competencies in improving the performance and efficiency of public sector organizations. It appears that public sector organizations in developing countries have not received much attention in the research literature of knowledge management and competencies. Therefore, this paper seeks to explore the role of KMP and competencies in achieving superior performance among public sector organizations in Malaysia in the broader perspective. Survey questionnaires were distributed to all Administrative and Diplomatic Officers (ADS) from 28 ministries located in Putrajaya, Malaysia. This paper also examines preliminary empirical results on the relationship between support for knowledge management practices, competencies, and orientation in Malaysia's public organizations. This paper supports the notion that the practices of knowledge management at the organizational level are a prerequisite for successful organizational performance. In conclusion, the results not only have the potential to contribute theoretically to both management strategy and knowledge management field literature but also to the area of organizational performance.
SERS-Based Liquid Biopsy of Gastrointestinal Tumors Using a Portable Raman Device Operating in a Clinical Environment

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Early diagnosis based on screening is recognized as one of the most efficient ways of mitigating cancer-associated morbidity and mortality. Therefore, reliable but cost-effective methodologies are needed. By using a portable Raman spectrometer, a small and easily transportable instrument, the needs of modern diagnosis in terms of rapidity, ease of use and flexibility are met. In this study, we analyzed the diagnostic accuracy yielded by the surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)-based profiling of serum, performed with a portable Raman device operating in a real-life hospital environment, in the case of 53 patients with gastrointestinal tumors and 25 control subjects. The SERS spectra of serum displayed intense bands attributed to carotenoids and purine metabolites such as uric acid, xanthine and hypoxanthine, with different intensities between the cancer and control groups. Based on principal component analysis-quadratic discriminant analysis (PCA-QDA), the cancer and control groups were classified with an accuracy of 76.92%. By combining SERS spectra with general inflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein levels, neutrophil counts, platelet counts and hemoglobin levels, the discrimination accuracy was increased to 83.33%. This study highlights the potential of SERS-based liquid biopsy for the point-of-care diagnosis of gastrointestinal tumors using a portable Raman device operating in a clinical setting.
Property Status and the Limited Impact of Welfare Legislation for Farm Animals

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article examines the extent to which the categorization of animals as property impacts the legal protection of farm animals. As will be demonstrated, the welfare provisions currently in place fail to address the main sources of animal suffering, often serving to entrench established practices, limited as they are by property status, and as such, by economic imperatives. Illustrative examples will be drawn primarily from the English legal system and the parameters established by the Animal Welfare Act 2006, with parallels to the United States and New Zealand drawn in comparative analysis. The aim is to highlight recurring issues concerning customary husbandry practices and the economic motivations that stem from property status, which may serve to expedite or impede effective legislative protection across these jurisdictions.
MicroRNA-21 is a critical regulator of the antiviral NK cell response

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Natural killer (NK) cells are innate lymphocytes that possess adaptive features, including antigen-specific clonal expansion and memory responses. Global loss of microRNAs (miRNAs) leads to defects in NK cell homeostasis and antiviral responses; however, the role of individual miRNAs in these processes is poorly defined. Here, we investigated miR-21, a highly expressed miRNA in both human and mouse NK cells. While miR-21 was largely dispensable for NK cell development, miR-21-deficient NK cells failed to mediate significant host protection against mouse cytomegalovirus (MCMV) due to defective proliferation. Although activated NK cells upregulated miR-21 early after MCMV exposure, loss of miR-21 did not impact NK cell activation or effector molecule expression during viral infection. Transcriptome analysis of miR-21-deficient NK cells demonstrated dysregulation of cell cycle regulators, including several predicted targets of miR-21. Altogether, our findings demonstrate a novel role for miR-21 as a crucial regulator of adaptive NK cell responses during MCMV infection.
Study on the Serum Titer of Anti-HBs Antibody of the Vaccinated Staffs of a Hospital in Three Consecutive Years

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Hepatitis B virus is one of the main factors causing acute and chronic hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Among others, healthcare workers are at the highest risk for exposure to hepatitis B virus. Vaccination against hepatitis B virus is one of the protective strategies but anti-HBs titer will be reduced in the sera of vaccinated people after some time. The aim of this study was to determine the titer of anti-HBs in the sera of vaccinated medical staffs in three consecutive years since administration of the last dose of hepatitis B vaccine. \nMaterials and Methods: This study was carried out on 90 Omidvar Hospital (Lar, Iran) medical staffs that had passed 3-4 months since the administration of the last dose of hepatitis B vaccine. All sera samples were tested for anti-HBs in an ELISA method. Finally, statistical analysis was performed using SPSS-16 software. \nResults: This study was conducted in duration of 3 consecutive years on 90 medical staffs including 14.44% lab technicians, 10% obstetricians, 43.35% nurses, 6.665% specialists, 5.55% general practitioners and 20% maid staffs. While HBs Ab titer was measured as 87.7% (>100 mIU/ml) in the first year elapsed since the last dose of hepatitis B vaccination, it had been decreased to 55.4% after 3 years. \nConclusion: The results showed that re-vaccination of the medical staffs is quite necessary as anti-HBs titer had been decreased after 3 years and the desired immune response was seen only in 55.4% of the medical staffs.
Appraising Bioenergy Alternatives in Uganda Using Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT)-Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and a Desirability Functions Approach

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Poor access to clean and reliable energy technologies is a major challenge to most developing countries. The decision to introduce new technologies is often faced by low adoption rates or even public opposition. In addition, the data required for effective decision making is often inadequate or even lacking, thus constraining the planning process. In this study, a methodology for participatory appraisal of technologies, integrating desirability functions to the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT)-analytical hierarchy process (AHP) methodology was developed. Application of the methodology was illustrated with an example for participatory appraisal of four bioenergy technologies in Uganda. Results showed that the methodology is effective in evaluating stakeholder preferences for bioenergy technologies. It showed a high potential to be used to identify and rate factors that stakeholders take into consideration when selecting bioenergy systems. The method could be used as a tool for technology screening, or reaching consensus in a participatory setup in a transparent manner.