jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Ultrastable and Phosphoric Acid-Resistant PtRhCu@Pt Oxygen Reduction Electrocatalyst for High-Temperature Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

With much enhanced fuel flexibility to overcome the shortcomings of hydrogen production and storage, high-temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (HT-PEMFCs) are still facing challenges of activity loss of oxygen reduction electrocatalyst under the working circumstance of phosphoric acid (PA) electrolyte. Dissolution and leaching of metal component of PtM (M = Cu, Co, Ni···) electrocatalysts is one of the key factors that degrade their initial resistance toward PA and hinder the accessing of activity and durability simultaneously. Here, we report an ultradurable PtRhCu@Pt/C electrocatalyst with a high mass activity of 0.90 A mg–1Pt, which only decreased by 14.4% after 30K ADT cycles in the half-cell and reaches the DOE at 2025 target (<30 mV at 0.8 A cm–2) with 27 mV voltage loss at 0.8 A cm–2 in the single-cell. After adding 0.1 M PA into the electrolyte, the half-wave potential of PtRhCu@Pt/C is negatively shifted by only 52 mV, much lower than that of commercial Pt/C (90 mV). Moreover, the HT-PEMFC assembled by this catalyst delivers a preeminent peak power density of 529 and 977 mW cm–2 under H2–air and H2–O2 conditions, respectively. Experiments and theoretical calculations reveal that the ligand effect arising from the sublayer Cu is attributed to the ability of PA resistance, while the self-healing behavior and the synergy between the PtRhCu core and the Pt shell ensures high stability.
Clinical investigation of NB-UVB combined with compound glycyrrhizin tablets in treatment of pityrisis rosea

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To observe the clinical effect and safety of NB-UVB combined with compound glycyrrhizin tablets in treatment of pityriasis rosea.Method One hundred and twenty cases with pityriasis rosea were divided into treatment group,control group 1 and control group 2 randomly.Forty patients in the treatment group were treated with NB-UVB 3 times weekly and took 2 glycyrrhizin tablets,three times every day for 2 weeks.Forty patients in the control group 1 were treated with NB-UVB 3 times weekly.Forty patients in the control group 2 took 2 glycyrrhizin tablets,three times every day for 2 weeks.Results The effective rate were 95%,75% and 72.5% in the treatment group,control group1 and control group2,respectively.The effective rate of treatment group were statistically significant higher than that of the control group1 and control group 2(χ2= 4.8039,P = 0.028 4;χ2= 7.439 7,P = 0.006 4).The effective rate of control group 1 was no statistically significant higher than that of control group 2.No marked side effects were observed in 3 groups.Conclusion Our results showed that NB-UVB combined with compound glycyrrhizin tablets is efficacy and safety in the treatment of pityriasis rosea.
Working Effectiveness of Dissemination Channels as Perceived by Potato Growers

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Aresearch can also reveal the cooperative effectiveness of agencies such as evaluation will lead to discover the weakness and strengths for further improvement of this program. The present study was designed in 2009 especially to see the effectiveness of the working of agricultural extension staff as perceived by farmers in district Okara-Pakistan. The data were collected with the help of a specifically designed and pre-tested interview schedule and total sample was 300 respondents. The results showed that most 45.0% of the respondents belonged to the old age (31-40 years) category and most 30% of the respondents were above illiterate. An overwhelming majority 77.33% of the respondents was in fall radio category. Whereas, only 29.33% of the respondents reported that they had contact with Extension Field Staff. An overwhelming majority 74.33% of the respondents indicated lack of mobility as the major constraints in approaching agricultural extension education services. It was concluded that different mass media were not fully utilized in the area which hindered not only awareness level of the respondents but also adversely effect the adoption level regarding the latest production technology related agriculture sector. On the basis of conclusions it was recommended that for first of all the educational level of the study area should be increased and Government should ensure adequate availability of rural infrastructure facilities to enable more of the dwellers cultivate the habit of utilizing medias channels as source of information in agriculture production.
India in the Vernacular Millennium: Literary Culture and Polity, 1000-1500

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Vernacular languages, most of which came to literization first through the mediation of Sanskrit, were used—but this was their sole use—for the production of documents. The forms of polity that appear in later medieval India, with which the vernacular transformation may be correlated, take on clearer definition against the background of the earlier political world of South Asia. The unification of vernacular language not only partakes of the logic of the unification of a new type of political place, but is historically copresent with it. When literary vernacularization is fully engaged in western Europe in the late medieval period, an invariable concomitant seems to be the production of what one author has called "origin paradigms." In the Kannada world, vernacularization was unquestionably a project both supported and directed by ruling elites, who simultaneously with the vernacular turn began to circumscribe their aspirations to transregional overlordship.
(In)flexible Language Use in a Year 4 Class in Luxembourg: Which Languages in Which Subjects?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The project described in this paper is part of the broader research project ‘Capitalizing on Linguistic Diversity in Education’ that investigates how multilingualism can be used as a resource for educational success and social well-being in Luxembourg. Research projects in preschool, Year 1 and Year 2 classes show that teachers have begun to draw on children’s semiotic repertoires (Kirsch 2017, Kirsch and Bes 2017). The present doctoral research project aims to understand the ways in which and the extent to which, first, Year 4 and Year 5 teachers in three schools address linguistic diversity and, second, children draw on their language repertoire to learn. The focus lies on the translanguaging practices of teachers and children. Translanguaging is a pillar of multilingual pedagogies which promote social equity and build on socio-constructivist learning theories (García & Li Wei 2014). The education system in Luxembourg is trilingual in Luxembourgish, German and French. The curriculum is based on monoglossic ideologies and a compartmentalised view of language teaching (De Korne 2012). The system is particularly challenging for the 63.5 percent of primary school children who do not speak Luxembourgish as a first language and underachieve compared to the Luxembourgish-speakers (Menje 2017). This paper draws its data from six days of observations and video-recordings of learning activities in seven French, eight Mathematics and two Arts lessons from September 2017 to January 2018 in one school characterised by the diversity of its intake and the high SES of the families. The data collection is still on-going. The participants are the two teachers of the Year 4 class and three focus children of Slovenian, French and Icelandic background. The thematic analysis focuses on the type of learning activities, the school subjects, the speech acts, the language use, and the pedagogical use of translanguaging. The preliminary findings show that almost all learning activities are teacher-led and that interactions are based on initiation-response-feedback sequences. The teachers systematically translanguage between a target language and the other curricula languages to scaffold learning, build relationships and manage the classroom. Both teachers and children create a specific space for German which is highly unusual in Luxembourg. The children rarely draw on their home languages unless these are the three languages of the country. While translanguaging is frequently used as a scaffold, it is neither transformative nor does it contribute to raising equal opportunities (García & Kleyn 2016).
Appendix: Mapping Ireland's Changing Demography, 1834–2002

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Covering three centuries of unprecedented demographic and economic changes, this textbook is an authoritative and comprehensive view of the shaping of Irish society, at home and abroad, from the famine of 1740 to the present day. The first major work on the history of modern Ireland to adopt a social history perspective, it focuses on the experiences and agency of Irish men, women and children, Catholics and Protestants, and in the North, South and the diaspora. An international team of leading scholars survey key changes in population, the economy, occupations, property ownership, class and migration, and also consider the interaction of the individual and the state through welfare, education, crime and policing. Drawing on a wide range of disciplinary approaches and consistently setting Irish developments in a wider European and global context, this is an invaluable resource for courses on modern Irish history and Irish studies.
What can happiness research tell us about altruism? Evidence from the German Socio-Economic Panel

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Much progress has been made in recent years on developing and applying a direct measure of utility using survey questions on subjective well-being. In this paper we explore whether this new type of measurement can be fruitfully applied to the study of interdependent utility in general, and altruism between parents and adult children who moved away from home in particular. We introduce an appropriate econometric methodology and, using data from the German SocioEconomic Panel for the years 2000-2004, find that the parents’ self-reported happiness depends positively on the happiness of their adult children. A one standard deviation move in the child’s happiness has the same effect as a 45 percent move in household income.
Sosialisasi Penggunaan Kantong Belanja Ramah Lingkungan (Reusable) untuk Meminimalisir Sampah Plastik pada Ibu-Ibu TP-PKK di Kelurahan Bugel Kota Tangerang

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Community Service Program in the form of educational activities to minimize plastic waste by using environmentally friendly shopping bags among TP-PKK mothers to create an environment free from the use of plastic shopping bags in Bugel Village, Karawaci District, Tangerang City. This needs to be considered more seriously because using plastic bags excessively can create waste that is difficult to decompose on its own, therefore education is intended to invite the Bugel Village community, especially TP-PKK mothers, to reduce plastic bags as shopping containers. The method used is to hold socialization and education activities at a seminar on the impact of waste on the environment for TP-PKK mothers in Bugel Village, Tangerang District, Tangerang City. This socialization was held on Sunday, August 16, 2024 at the NU Branch Hall, Bugel Village, Tangerang District, Tangerang City. By organizing educational programs and awareness campaigns about the use of reusable environmentally friendly shopping bags, we can empower the Bugel Village community to take more sustainable actions, and this initiative will not only help reduce plastic waste but will also improve environmental quality and public health. Through education and active participation, TP-PKK mothers in Bugel Village can build a cleaner community that cares more about the environment, because this effort requires support and active participation from the entire Bugel Village community.
Strength and Flexibility of the Quadriceps Muscle in Adolescent Athletes with Osgood-Schlatter Disease.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In order to investigate the prevention of Osgood-Schlatter disease (OSD) in adolescent athletes, the strength and flexibility of the quadriceps muscles were examined in 30 adolescent athletes with unilateral OSD and 20 adolescent soccer players as a control. The following three factors were examined: 1) quadriceps strength in concentric and eccentric contraction, 2) quadriceps flexibility, and 3) the laterality of the involved knee. There was no significant difference in quadriceps muscle strength between athletes with OSD and soccer players, while quadriceps muscle flexibility in athletes with OSD was significantly low in comparison with soccer players. Although there was no significant difference in quadriceps muscle strength between the uninvolved and involved sides in our patients with unilateral OSD, the left knee was more prone to be affected than the right knee in adolescent athletes. In the great majority of adolescent athletes, the left knee had a tendency to be a dominant leg which was defined as the take-off leg. Since the dominant leg is susceptible to eccentric quadriceps contraction during rapid deceleration while jumping, landing or running when playing sport, we consider that these factors may play a role in the decrease of the quadriceps muscle flexibility in adolescent athletes with OSD. With regard to the prevention of OSD, stretching exercises to relieve the decrease of the quadriceps muscle flexibility and training to reduce the load on the dominant leg are recommended in adolescent athletes.
Urofacial syndrome

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The urofacial syndrome is characterized by functional obstructive uropathy asso-ciated with an inverted smile. The importance of the subject is that it sheds light, not only on the muscles of facial expression, but also on the inheritance of voiding disorders and lower urinary tract malformations. We report a 10-year-old-male patient who had the urofacial syndrome. Early diagnosis of the urofacial syndrome is important to avoid upper urinary tract damage and renal failure.
Hilltop Residence and Site Sustainable Design

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Sustainability on a residential renovation can be difficult to achieve. As this project was a complete gut renovation and two small additions, which included a new third story space, roof, and a rear addition, it was easy to investigate a wide variety of sustainable options. The building envelope was improved, interior aspects modified, and the energy generation systems explored and selected to all work in unison to enhance the end result of the project. In order to measure the degree of sustainability, ODG wanted to use a residential design rating system. At the time this house was designed there were few recognized residential rating systems available and none appeared to be as stringent and broad reaching as the LEED Commercial Rating system. ODG used the LEED 2.2 rating system as a guideline. When this project began, LEED for Homes had not yet been developed. The Hilltop Residence project sought to infuse an existing residence with the following qualities: cost effective technology, a “not to exceed” budget, a 75-year life cycle, the client's aesthetics, functional living, sustainable design, and allow for productive healthy residents. ODG used the LEED categories of Sustainable Sites, Water Efficiency, Materials & Resources, Energy & Atmosphere, and Indoor Air Quality. The sustainable goals that were met affect both the building and the site. The home was designed to use rapidly renewable materials, use less water, conserve energy, generate its own electricity, automate the mechanical house processes, and reduce stormwater runo?. The renovated home conserved existing material and used new materials that are rapidly renewable. By designing to a 75-year life cycle, materials selected were either rapidly renewable or incredibly durable. Buildings designed for longer lifespans are inherently sustainable because their components will not need to be replaced as often. The reduction of operating and maintenance costs will pass savings directly to the client, providing a return on investment for the costs of the renovation and addition. By increasing the native vegetation, the site reduced runo? from the roof and decreased the amount of water being added to the storm sewer system. These goals, once realized and incorporated into the redesign of the townhome provide a clean, healthy indoor environment and highlight a residence with a climate responsive design and conservation practices.
Functional analysis of transactivation by mutants of hepatitis B virus X gene in human hepatocellular carcinoma

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The X protein of the hepatitis B virus transactivates various cellular and viral promoters and enhancers. In this study, wild-type and mutants of the X gene, including the point mutations at codons 130 (AAG-->ATG, lysin-->methionine) and 131 (GTC-->ATC, valine-->isoleucine), commonly found in patients with human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), or deletions encompassing the same region, were cloned and inserted into expression vectors. Functional analysis of the mutants of the X gene was performed on the long terminal repeat of the Rous sarcoma virus in a transient transfection assay. A transactivating function was observed in the vector containing point mutations at codons 130 and 131 at the same level as that of wild-type X gene. Two constructs, each containing a different type of 8-nucleotide deletion mutant (codons 128-130 or 130-132,) dramatically lost their transactivating function. These findings suggest that the transactivating function is not necessarily associated with the development of HCC, and that not only transactivation by the X gene but also the mutation-enhanced oncogenic potential of the gene products could contribute to hepatocarcinogenesis.
Evidence for the Supramolecular Organization of a Bacterial Outer-Membrane Protein from In Vivo Pulse Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

In the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, membrane proteins are thought to be organized into domains or islands that play a role in the segregation, movement, and turnover of membrane components. However, there is presently limited information on the structure of these domains or the molecular interactions that mediate domain formation. In the present work, the Escherichia coli outer membrane vitamin B12 transporter, BtuB, was spin-labeled, and double electron-electron resonance was used to measure the distances between proteins in intact cells. These data together with Monte Carlo simulations provide evidence for the presence of specific intermolecular contacts between BtuB monomers that could drive the formation of string-like oligomers. Moreover, the EPR data provide evidence for the location of the interacting interfaces and indicate that lipopolysaccharide mediates the contacts between BtuB monomers.
Martingale-Based Hedge Error Control

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

In the seminal paper of Black & Scholes (1973), the payoff on a European option is replicated perfectly by a dynamic strategy in the underlying security and a zero-coupon bond. Hence, the price of the replicating portfolio determines the no-arbitrage value for the option. Since that work of Black and Scholes, option pricing has been following this standard pattern of first specifying a perfect dynamic hedge, followed by an exploration of the pricing implications of the absence of arbitrage.
Protein-Restricted Diet Is Effective in Decreasing Glycemia, HbA1c, and Cholesterol in Type 2 Diabetic Subjects by the Activation of the GCN2 Pathway

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Dietary restriction increases lifespan across the evolutionary spectrum and decreases metabolic disease risk in mammals. It has been shown that amino acid restriction is sufficient to promote some of the beneficial effects of dietary restriction in rodents. This phenomenon is dependent on GCN2 (general control nonderepressible 2), a kinase activated by amino acid restriction that controls protein synthesis and stress response. Our results show that treatment of type 2 diabetic subjects on a protein restriction diet for 4 weeks exhibited a 61% reduction in fasting glucose levels and a 14% decrease in Hb1Ac. These patients had a 32% reduction in Total Cholesterol with a 33% decrease in LDL. We noticed a reduction of 4.5% of body weight, with a decrease of 11% of fat mass and maintenance of lean mass. In addition, all subjects had systemic blood pressure normalization, with a decrease of 23% in systolic pressure and 44% in diastolic pressure. In order to understand in detail the action of protein restriction we evaluated the gene expression in the subcutaneous adipose tissue of these individuals. We observed the activation of GCN2 expression (p=0.0394) and consequently the activation of ATF4 (Activating transcription factor 4) and CHOP (C/EBP homologous protein) (p=0.0360 and p=0.0011 respectively). This findings suggesting that in fact, protein restricted diet affects the GCN2 pathway in humans, modulating the energy metabolism and enabling glycemic and lipidemic control. Disclosure R.C. Ferraz: None. R.A. Beraldo: None. P. Gomes: None. M.C. Foss: None. M. Foss-Freitas: None.
Ulcerative Colitis in Elderly People: An Emerging Issue

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a common cause of chronic gastrointestinal disease in the developed world, which has a bimodal age distribution, with 10-30% of the affected population older than 60 years. Elderly patients with UC will be seen more frequently with the aging of the population and increasing incidence of UC. The management of UC in the elderly population is more complex due to comorbidities and polypharmacy. This review article provides a brief up-to-date comprehensive summary of the epidemiology, diagnosis, and management of UC, with a focus on the special caring for elderly patients. Clinical challenges in the diagnosis of elderly patients with UC and the adverse effects or benefits of treatment options have been described.