jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Professional Learning of Teachers in Ethiopia: Challenges and Implications for Reform

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Continuous professional development of teachers is of growing interest globally, as it is considered vital to cope effectively with ongoing changes and to improve the quality of education. This qualitative case study explores potential and actual barriers that hinder teachers’ professional development in Ethiopian schools. Data was collected via interviews and focus group discussions from 37 purposively sampled participants. The study reveals three major challenges in teachers’ development: 1) conceptions and conceptual issues related to teaching, professional development and mentoring, 2) management and leadership, and 3) teachers’ work conditions. The need to reconsider educational change management strategies, reform teacher education, strengthen research-based practices, renew management and leadership culture, and improve teachers’ work conditions are thus found to be the areas identified as needing interventions.
MaaS platform features: An exploration of their relationship and importance from supply and demand perspective

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Mobility as a Service (MaaS) aims to offer travelers easy and convenient access to transportation modes via a joint digital channel, often in a mobile application. MaaS has the potential to fundamentally change the way we commute as it encourages a more sustainable travel behavior. MaaS, as a business model, is an innovative concept that integrates a variety of these solutions and can significantly change the mobility environment by encouraging sustainable travel behavior. Despite the existing initiatives and efforts toward MaaS solutions, there is still no consensus on the essential features of MaaS platforms for actors from the supply and demand sides. This study explores the critical features of MaaS platforms from the perspective of mobility service providers - MSP (i.e., supply-side) and travelers (i.e., demand-side). We collected data via interviews with mobility experts for the supply side and a survey for the users' side. Based on a Gaussian Graphical Model, our results show that optimizing the number and use of the vehicles and appropriate data handling are the essential features of a MaaS platform for the MSPs. For the travelers, although retrieval of personal information and enhancing services, such as suggestions on local events and concert tickets, are expected, they are considered less significant. Our study provides insights into the features of MaaS platforms through synthesized and prioritized features -including their relationships-which would be helpful both for research and practice.
Some Old Globular Clusters (and Stars) Inferring That the Universe Is Older Than Commonly Accepted

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) has made startling discoveries regarding the early universe. It has revealed galaxies as soon as 300 million years after the Big Bang, challenging current galaxy formation models. Additionally, it has identified massive, bright galaxies in the young universe, contradicting the standard ΛCDM model&apos;s age estimate of 13.8 Gyr. This prompts a re-evaluation of galaxy formation and cosmological models. There is a strong tension between JWST high-redshift galaxy observations and Planck Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) satellite measurements. Even alternative cosmological models, including those incorporating dark matter–baryon interaction, f(R) gravity, and dynamical dark have failed to resolve this tension. One possible solution is that the Universe&apos;s age exceeds predictions by the ΛCDM model. The study challenges this by introducing a method based on blue straggler stars (BSs) within GCs, comparing ages with other models. The ages obtained are compared with those of other models to certify that they are equally valid. These values are comparable within the error ranges except for the clusters: NGC104, NGC 5634, IC 4499, NGC 6273 and NGC 4833, finding their respective ages to be between 14.7 and 21.6 Gyr, surpassing the commonly accepted age of the Universe. These results inferred an age for the Universe of around 26 Gyr, close to 26.7 Gyr. This value aligns that suggested by the cosmological model named Covarying Coupling Constants + TL (CCC+TL). Such a value is consistent with early universe observations from the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). The results of the present paper reinforces the advocating for a critical review of models encompassing dark mass, dark energy, and the dynamics of the Universe, particularly in explaining the presence of primitive massive galaxies, very old GCs, and very old and poor metallic stars.
Construction of Hybrid Bi‐microcompartments with Exocytosis‐Inspired Behavior toward Fast Temperature‐Modulated Transportation of Living Organisms

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Inspired by the unique characteristics of living cells, the creation of life‐inspired functional ensembles is a rapidly expanding research topic, enabling transformative applications in various disciplines. Herein, we report a facile method for the fabrication of phospholipid and block copolymer hybrid bi‐microcompartments via spontaneous asymmetric assembly at the water/tributyrin interface, whereby the temperature‐mediated dewetting of the inner microcompartments allowed for exocytosis to occur in the constructed system. The exocytosis location and commencement time could be controlled by the buoyancy of the inner microcompartment and temperature, respectively. Furthermore, the constructed bi‐microcompartments showed excellent biocompatibility and a universal loading capacity toward cargoes of widely ranging sizes; thus, the proliferation and temperature‐programmed transportation of living organisms was achieved. Our results highlight opportunities for the development of complex mesoscale dynamic ensembles with life‐inspired behaviors and provide a novel platform for on‐demand transport of various living organisms.
Impregnation rapists, parental rights, and the often ignored constitutional rights of victims: An important case study from Massachusetts

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In 2015, Congress passed a law regarding victims who become pregnant from rape. Specifically, the new federal law offers funding incentives to encourage state legislatures to enact laws related to parental rights when rapists impregnate their victims. Since that time, and even prior, many states have been proposing and passing legislation on the topic. This article addresses the ways that such laws ignore the important constitutional rights of rape victims and how these laws create rather than prohibit parental rights for rapists by assuming, incorrectly, that parentage is caused by DNA alone. This article tracks the law in Massachusetts after an impregnated fourteen year-old rape victim was forced by the criminal court judge presiding over her rape case to participate in family court for 16 years with her attacker. The victim objected to the jurisdiction of the family court on the grounds that the criminal court judge had no authority to send her to family court and that the rapist had no parental rights to adjudicate in any court. She also argued that she had a constitutional right not to be forced by the government to participate in family court proceedings for one day, much less 16 years, with the man who raped her.
A Descriptive Study to Assess Knowledge and Attitude Regarding Ill-Effects of Substance Abuse among B.Sc. Nursing 1st Year & GNM 1st Year Students of Selected Nursing College in Greater Noida (U.P.)

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Substance abuse, also known as drug abuse, is
a patterned use of drug in which the user consumes the
substances in the amounts or which methods which are
harmful to themselves or others, and is form of
substance -related disorder.1 Aim: The study's aim was
to assess knowledge and attitude regarding ill-effects of
substance abuse among B.Sc. Nursing 1st year & GNM
1st year students of selected Nursing College.
Methodology: To assess knowledge and attitude
regarding ill-effects of substance abuse among B.Sc.
Nursing 1st year & GNM 1st year students of selected
Nursing College, a descriptive design was utilised.The
target population for the study was B.Sc. Nursing 1st
year & GNM 1st year students.The analysis of the data
was done using the study's aims and assumptions as the
basis for the sample size of 60. Statistical Package EZR -
Software version 2.4 was used to analyse the data.Conclusion:
As the findings of the present study revealed that
education regarding ill effects of substance abuse is
important for the nursing students as they are upcoming
nurses and they can impart the knowledge to their
adolescent patients on regular basis Nurses and nursing
students should conduct research and workshop on ill
effects of substance abuse.
Mechanical and Corrosion Properties of Super Austenitic Stainless Steel Joint for Double‐Sided Synchronous TIP TIG Arc Butt Welding

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Super austenitic stainless steel 254SMO (254SMO SASS) plates are joined by double‐sided double‐arc synchronous TIP TIG butt welding (DSSTTABW) using ER NiCrMo3 wire, and the micro‐structure, mechanical and corrosion properties of 254SMO SASS joints are investigated subsequently. Results show that solidification grain boundary and solidification sub‐grain boundary can be observed in fusion zone. A small amount of σ phase precipitates in the weld, while χ phase is found in the transition zone, but no solidification crack occurs in weld and heat affected zone (HAZ). 254SMO SASS joint has higher micro‐hardness and lower tensile strength and elongation compared to base metal. During transverse tensile process, 254SMO SASS joints fail in the weld zone in a ductile mode. Electrochemical corrosion performance tests indicate that 254SMO SASS joint achieve equivalent pitting corrosion resistance and similar passive mechanism to base metal in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution. The passivation film on the surface of both joint and base metal display as n‐p semi‐conductive character, but the film stability of 254SMO joint surface is slightly poorer compared to base material. The surface passivation film of 254SMO joint primarily consists of oxides of Fe, Cr, and Mo before potentiodynamic polarization, while hydroxides of Fe and Cr are also observed after polarization.
Ashgate Critical Essays on Early English Lexicographers

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Three major developments in English lexicography took place during the seventeenth century: the emergence of the first free standing monolingual English dictionaries; the making of new kinds of English lexicons that investigated dialect or etymology or that keyed English to invented 'philosophical' languages; and the massive expansion of bilingual lexicography, which not only placed English alongside the European vernaculars but also handled the languages of the new world. The essays in this volume discuss not only the internal history of lexicography but also its wider relationships with culture and society.
Dream Interpretation: The Next Frontier of Psychoanalysis

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

An examination of the history of dream interpretation reveals its significant role within psychotherapy, drawing upon religious texts, ancient philosophers, and modern uses. Many prominent psychologists such as Freud and Jung contributed to our knowledge of dreams and how they can be interpreted. The problems clinicians face today is that most methods for analyzing dreams are scattered and contrary. Several specific theories, from Freudian theory to the Hill Cognitive-Experiential Model of dream interpretation, are discussed and analyzed. Research has slowed on this topic due to methodological problems and diverse interpretations of dream content. Subsequently, the potential benefits of using dream analysis is shown, as well as methods that have proven useful. Those who use dream interpretation have consistently have achieved desired results (Pesant & Zarda, 2004). Using dream interpretation in therapeutic settings can help therapists better understand and aid their clients. Clara Hill (2004) suggests a set method known as the cognitive-experiential model, which integrates aspects from several existing dream theories to help clients explore their dreams, gain insight into their meaning, and take action to resolve issues in their waking life. Further research is necessary to determine the reliability and validity of this method, and whether it should be broadly implemented.
Introduction

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In the Introduction, the author relates how his own family’s experiences with Indigenous civil rights in Arizona inspired this study. Maurice Crandall, a citizen of the Yavapai-Apache Nation, became interested in Indian citizenship and voting after his own grandfather was unjustly incarcerated, without trial, as a juvenile in 1930s Arizona. By focusing on stories of Indigenous encounters with electoral politics, the author seeks to weave a narrative that challenges progressive stories of Indigenous civil rights and political participation, one that would have Indians finally and fully enfranchised thanks to the benevolence of the United States political system. Instead, this work shows how Indigenous peoples of the U.S.-Mexico Borderlands were enfranchised in a variety of ways during the Spanish, Mexican, and U.S. territorial periods, always while seeking to retain community sovereignty.
Lagusia Vari 1978

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Lagusia Vari, 1978 Lagusia Vari, 1978: 523. Type species. — Datnia micracanthus Bleeker, 1860; by original designation. Diagnosis. — The presence of stripes on the body in small to midsized specimens and the lack of a direct attachment of the extrinsic swimbladder muscle to the rear of the neurocranium serve in combination to delimit Lagusia from all other genera of the Terapontidae. Lagusia is furthermore delimited externally from other members of the family by the distinctive pattern of dark pigmentation on the caudal fin in mid- and large-sized specimens consisting of a dark basal bar continuous ventrally with a band of dark pigmentation extending along the ventral rays of the lower lobe of the caudal fin (Fig. 1). Phylogenetic placement. — Vari (1978: Fig. 9) proposed that Lagusia was a relatively basal member of the Terapontidae (the Teraponidae of that study), but that hypothesis was complicated by the lack of cleared and stained preparations of the species. Dissections and examination of two cleared and stained specimens in this analysis have confirmed the presence in the genus of the characters supporting that placement of the genus within that phylogeny (see character summaries in Vari, 1978). Of particular note is the presence in the genus of the well developed extrinsic swimbladder muscle running anteriorly to the posttemporal, a feature synapomorphic for the family. The muscle in Lagusia is a simple mass with an attachment anteriorly to the posterior of the posttemporal common across the Terapontidae, but lacking the medial connective tissue attachment of the anterior part of the muscle and the posterior of the neurocranium present in the majority of genera of the Terapontidae. The absence of this medial connective tissue band is limited to five basal genera in the family, all of which interestingly are restricted to brackish and freshwaters of Australia, New Guinea and Sulawesi, contrary to the broader distribution of the rest of the Terapontidae, many species of which are broadly distributed in marine waters from East Africa to Fiji.
DNA sequence of the gp63 fragment encoding the functional domain of leishmanolysin in natural isolates of Leishmania braziliensis from Corte de Pedra, Northeast Brazil: allele 25.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

DNA sequence of the gp63 fragment encoding the functional domain of leishmanolysin in natural isolates of Leishmania braziliensis from Corte de Pedra, Northeast Brazil: allele 25. The stretch of gp 63 previously described as encoding the functional domain of the molecule was amplified by PCR, cloned into pcr 2.1 vector and bidirectionally sequenced. Sequences from a panel of 41 parasite isolates were aligned and 45 alleles of the fragment could be identified based on indel and SNPs presented among cloned domains. Haplotypes of polymorphisms (indel and SNPs) that could be detected in at least two clones of the gp63 domain in a single isolate, and in at least two parasite isolates in the collection were considered alleles. Corte de Pedra is a region highly endemic for American tegumentary leishmaniasis (ATL) due to L. braziliensis. Several forms of ATL occur and close to 1,500 new cases are diagnosed in the region each year.
Freezing of Water and Wastewater Sludges

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

When sludge is allowed to freeze slowly and then thaw, its dewatering properties are usually greatly improved. The mechanisms by which this improvement occurs are not well understood. This paper proposes a conceptual model for how sludge freezes. The validity of this model is discussed using past research findings as well as experimental evidence. The effectiveness of freeze/thaw is measured using the capillary suction time apparatus. The results indicate that colder temperatures, longer freezing times and slower freezing rates all have a beneficial effect. These results suggest that if freeze/thaw is to be used commercially, thin layers of sludge must be frozen slowly for long periods of time, thereby promoting the growth of crystals that will exclude the solid particles and promote particle aggregation.
138 Placental insufficiency induced fetal and skeletal muscle growth restriction in fetal sheep.

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Abstract Introduction and Methods: Placental insufficiency (PI) and fetal growth restriction (FGR) increases perinatal mortality and reduces postnatal productivity in livestock. Skeletal muscle constitutes a large proportion of tissue mass in the fetus, which is significantly reduced in the FGR fetus. This study investigates the effects of PI-FGR on musculoskeletal growth in sheep fetuses. Placental insufficiency and FGR (n = 8) was induced in pregnant ewes exposed to heat stress (35 to 40°C; RH 30-40%) between 40 and 95 days of gestation (term: 149 days). Control fetuses (n = 9) were from ewes maintained in thermoneutral conditions (20°C; RH 15-25%). At d120 ± 1, fetal surgeries were performed to place indwelling catheters for blood sampling. At d133 ± 1, umbilical blood flow was assessed before the fetuse was euthanized. Fetal hindlimb muscle satellite cells were isolated, and proliferation rates were assessed both in vivo and in vitro. Results: FGR fetuses had lower plasma glucose, insulin, IGF-1, and blood oxygen content (all P &lt; 0.01). Absolute umbilical blood flow was lower in FGR fetuses (355 ± 41 vs. 619 ± 61 ml/min, P &lt; 0.01), but weight-normalized blood flow was not different between groups. Both fetal weight (2118 ± 243 vs. 3423 ± 229 g) and placental weight (219 ± 41 vs. 426 ± 38 g) were lower (P &lt; 0.01) in FGR fetuses. FGR fetuses exhibited higher brain-to-fetal (1.57 ± 0.06 vs. 1.34 ± 0.06, P = 0.01) and brain-to-liver weight ratios (0.85 ± 0.07 vs. 0.50 ± 0.06, P &lt; 0.01), indicating brain sparing and asymmetrical growth. Hindlimb average muscle mass was reduced in FGR fetuses, including the biceps femoris (11.8 ± 2.2 vs. 18.4 ± 2.0 g, P = 0.04), semitendinosus (3.8 ± 0.7 vs. 6.3 ± 0.6 g, P = 0.01), gastrocnemius (7.7 ± 1.0 vs. 12.6 ± 1.0 g, P &lt; 0.01), and tibialis anterior (3.4 ± 0.5 vs. 5.6 ± 0.5 g, P &lt; 0.01). Muscle weights correlated (P &lt; 0.01) with placental or fetal weights. In vivo, satellite cells proliferation rates were lower in FGR hindlimb muscle (3.8 ± 0.5 vs. 8.2 ± 1.5 %, P &lt; 0.01). However, FGR isolated myoblasts had higher proliferation rates when cultured in nutrient enriched growth media (52 ± 0.5 vs. 48 ± 1.0 %, P &lt; 0.01). Conclusion: FGR fetuses exhibited hypoglycemia, hypoxia, and reduced anabolic hormone concentrations, contributing to reduced hindlimb muscle mass. The contrast between lower satellite cell proliferation in vivo and increased proliferation in vitro under nutrient-enriched conditions suggests that nutrient deficiency and hypoxic stress are primary inhibitors of muscle cell growth in FGR fetal muscle. These results indicate that targeted nutrient or hormonal interventions may help restore muscle growth potential in FGR fetuses.
Silence, Exile and Cunning: Concealment and Worship at the Holy Infant Jesus Church, Bangalore

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In the context of escalating religious tensions in India, sites that still openly welcome practitioners of different belief systems or encourage a propensity for interreligious ritual engagement face a range of complex challenges. At the Holy Infant Jesus Church in Bangalore, there is a shrine set aside for people of non-Christian religions, both Hindu and Muslim, who view this deity as a jagrata or ‘awake’ god who responds to the ‘desire’ of the supplicant, granting boons and wishes. Despite the contemporary hardening of boundaries and the quest for religious purity, this site exhibits the persisting appeal of ritual engagement across religious boundaries. The consequence of such engagement is not always open connections or dialogue but rather concealment of syncretic practices from others in the supplicants’ communities. Against this background, this presentation explores the following questions: Is religion a site of interaction rather than of intra-communal withdrawal? Is religious synthesis an endangered mode of cosmopolitanism now threatened by multiple quests for religious purity? Why are some syncretic practices more resilient than others and how do people engaged in such practices make sense of what remains and what is lost?
Dynamical solvent effects on conformational isomerization of cyclohexane and 1,1-difluorocyclohexane

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The effect of pressure on the conformational isomerization of cyclohexane in n-pentane-d12 solvent has been investigated by using the high-resolution, high-pressure nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technique. The isomerization rate of cyclohexane increases with increasing pressure at 218 K. The experimental data are interpreted in terms of stochastic models for isomerization reactions, and the results show that cyclohexane isomerization in n-pentane-d12 exhibits behavior typical for low-friction, energy controlled regime. The effect of temperature and pressure on the conformational isomerization of 1,1-difluorocyclohexane in solution has been investigated with the use of 19F Fourier transform (FT) NMR spectroscopy. The solvents used in this study are n-pentane, acetone-d6, and methylcyclohexane. Similarly, as in the case of cyclohexane, the ring inversion in 1,1-difluorocyclohexane is accelerated when pressure is increased, and this pressure dependence is nonlinear. The interpretation of the experimental data for 1,1-difluorocyclohexane depends critically on the estimate of ΔV‡TST which value is not known at the present time. Therefore, it is impossible to determine whether isomerization of 1,1-difluorocyclohexane exhibits the Kramers turnover.