jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Glycomics analysis of resting and activated human platelets (789.1)

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Cardiovascular diseases are the most common causes of death in developed countries and their prevalence rate is rapidly growing in developing countries. Genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) have identified associations between ABO blood group status and HLBS (heart, lung, blood, and sleep) disorders. ABO glycans are expressed on glycoproteins and glycosphingolipids (GSLs) of cells and tissues relevant to HLBS disorders,including endothelial cells and platelets. Several major HLBS disorders, particularly acute myocardial infarction and acute lung injury, are characterized by endothelium dysfunction and platelet‐driven thrombosis. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the disposition of ABO glycan expression by endothelial cells and platelets is essential for elucidating the mechanisms by which these glycans influence risk for cardiovascular disease. Toward this end, we have undertaken the structural characterization of GSL, and N‐ and O‐linked glycoprotein glycans in resting and activated platelets. The preparations of GSLs are permethylated and analyzed by direct infusion into an NSI‐LTQ/Orbitrap mass spectrometer. N‐ glycans are enzymatically released and O‐glycans are released by reductive beta‐elimination from glycoprotein preparations prior to permethylation and subsequent quantitative analysis by mass spectrometry. For GSLs, expression levels of lactosylceramide (LacCer) and of the sialylated form of LacCer, ganglioside GM3, were significantly decreased and increased, respectively, upon activation. For N‐glycans, high‐mannose structures and mono‐ and disialylated N‐glycans were significantly increased in activated platelets compared to resting platelets. These results are consistent with a systemic upregulation in human platelet glycoconjugate sialylation during activation of platelets and enhanced glycan‐mediated platelet adhesion and thrombosis. Grant Funding Source : NIH
Understanding the timing and outcome of the Russian Revolution: a public choice approach

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The October Revolution in Russia is better understood in light of Gordon Tullock’s by-product theory of revolution. This approach entails a focus on private costs and benefits rather than on public goods. It is shown that in terms of economic development, fiscal stability, and income distribution, that is, public goods, conditions in late-tsarist Russia were improving, not deteriorating, as the revolution approached. We reinterpret the impact of the many political concessions that followed the earlier Russian Revolution of 1905 and conclude that they had ultimately increased, rather than decreased, the probability of revolution. Finally, we show that various forms of foreign intervention (financial, military, and philosophical) made the unlikely Lenin the ultimate victor in the outcome of the Russian Revolution.
Abstract 507: ERβ1 decreases breast cancer cell survival by regulating the unfolded protein response

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Estrogen receptors (ERs) regulate cellular processes that influence the development and response of breast cancer to hormonal therapy. Unfolded protein response (UPR) has been identified as a key mechanism that determines endocrine responsiveness and cellular survival in breast cancer. UPR assists the cells to cope with the stress caused by the accumulation of unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Although ERα is known to affect the cellular response to ER stress, the role of ERβ in regulating the UPR has not been investigated. Here we show that the wild-type ERβ (ERβ1) enhanced apoptosis in breast cancer cells in response to treatment with the ER stress inducers thapsigargin and bortezomib. Targeting the Bcl-2 in the ER of the ERβ1-expressing cells prevented the apoptosis induced by ER stress but not by non-ER stress apoptotic stimuli indicating that ERβ1 promotes ER stress-regulated apoptosis. ERβ1 promoted ER stress-induced apoptosis by suppressing the inositol-requiring enzyme-1 (IRE-1) pathway of the UPR. ERβ1 repressed the transcription of the IRE-1α gene and the subsequent splicing of the X-box binding protein-1 (XBP-1). These results suggest a potential role of ERβ1 in influencing stress and therapy response in breast cancer by regulating the UPR. Citation Format: Christoforos Thomas, Gayani Rajapaksa, Fotis Nikolos, Igor Bado, Jan-Ake Gustafsson. ERβ1 decreases breast cancer cell survival by regulating the unfolded protein response. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 507. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-507
Energetics in biochemical reactions (Klotz, Irving M.)

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVBook and Media Revie...Book and Media ReviewNEXTEnergetics in biochemical reactions (Klotz, Irving M.)Peter Oesper Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1957, 34, 12, 627Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1957Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 December 1957Published inissue 1 December 1957https://doi.org/10.1021/ed034p627.2RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views167Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (967 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Climate change from the lens of Malolos children: perception, impact and adaptation

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Purpose The purpose of this paper is threefold: first, to understand how Filipino children perceive climate change; second, to determine how children themselves adapt to its impacts; and third, to identify the level of support available at the household, community, and city levels as children adjust to their changing environment. Design/methodology/approach A qualitative study was conducted in three peri-urban communities in Malolos, Philippines, looking at the perception and adaptation mechanisms of children in the face of climate change, using Lazarus and Folkman’s typology for children’s coping strategies in stressful situations. The support that children receive at the household, community, and city levels was also examined. Findings Climate change has impacted the daily lives of children, aggravating in particular the “everyday” and “invisible” risks of those who belong to poor households. In general, emotion-focused coping that hinges on denial or distancing did not seem to be prominent among children; many of them were rather pre-disposed to problem-focused coping as they try to cope with the impacts of climate change in their immediate environment. Unfortunately, however, interventions to mitigate the impacts of climate change on children at the household, community, and city levels were found to be lacking. Research limitations/implications The selected communities do not represent the wide spectrum of localities in the Philippines. At best, findings from the small sample size provide only a snapshot of the conditions of children living in peri-urban areas. Practical implications The study points to the need for child-sensitive climate change adaptation at the household, community, and city levels to support the coping mechanisms of children. Originality/value The study adopts a multi-level approach at understanding the impacts of climate change on Filipino children and the interventions that they and other social institutions have undertaken in response thereto. Findings add empirical evidence to growing literature on the subject, especially in the context of the Philippines where academic studies on the matter remain scant.
Distinct Spatiotemporal Expression of Anpep and Olfm1, in Mouse Periimplantation Uterus.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Membrane alanyl aminopeptidase (ANPEP, ANP, CD13) is a type II membrane glycoprotein that belongs to the M1 family of MA clan of peptidase. Olfactomedin 1 (Olfm1) is a secreted glycoprotein and a founding member of the family of olfactomedin domain containing proteins. LPA3 (LPAR3/EDG7) is the third GPCR for lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), a small lipid signaling molecule detected in various biological fluids. Lpar3 mRNA is mainly localized in the luminal epithelium (LE) of mouse uterus. Deletion of Lpar3 in mice leads to delayed uterine receptivity and no implantation sites are detectable in gestation day 4.5 Lpar3(-/-) uterus by blue dye injection (implantation normally occurs ~ day 4.0 in mice). Microarray analysis indicates upregulation of Anpep and downregulation of Olfm1 in day 4.5 Lpar3(-/-) LE, which are confirmed by realtime PCR. The functions of these genes in embryo implantation are unknown, so are their spatiotemporal expression patterns in the peri-implantation uterus. We use in situ hybridization to determine the spatiotemporal expression of these two genes in the peri-implantation wild type uterus on days 0.5, 2.5, 3.5, and 4.5. Anpep has low level of expression in the day 0.5 LE. It is strongly expressed in the LE and glandular epithelium (GE) on day 2.5 and day 3.5, with relatively more intense expression in the GE. The expression level of Anpep in the day 4.5 uterus is dramatically decreased, with only a low level detectable in the GE. On the other hand, Olfm1 is undetectable in the preimplantation uterus, from day 0.5 to day 3.5. It is specifically expressed in the LE on day 4.5. The dynamic spatiotemporal expression patterns of these two genes in the periimplantation uterus suggest that they may be involved in embryo implantation. (Supported by University of Georgia and NIH R15HD066301) (poster)
Bodegom, Gerda & Donaldson, Bruce. Colloquial Dutch 2: The Next Step in Language Learning. London & New York: Routledge, 2005. xii + 208 pp. £24.46 (pack: paperback, audio cassettes, CDs). ISBN 0–415–31076–8

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Journal Article Bodegom, Gerda & Donaldson, Bruce. Colloquial Dutch 2: The Next Step in Language Learning. London & New York: Routledge, 2005. xii + 208 pp. £24.46 (pack: paperback, audio cassettes, CDs). ISBN 0–415–31076–8 Get access Forum for Modern Language Studies, Volume 43, Issue 1, JANUARY 2007, Page 95, https://doi.org/10.1093/fmls/cql125 Published: 01 January 2007
Enhanced Security for Mobile User Authentication and Single Sign-On

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Single Sign-on (SSO) systems simplify user authentication for the many online services that we need to access every day. Solutions exist for both intra-organizational use and for the open web. While SSO systems meet their main goal of reducing the number of passwords that a user needs to memorize, many other aspects can still be improved. The goal of this thesis is to investigate how digital user identities are linked to real world identities, what opportunities and challenges mobile devices bring to the SSO systems, and how SSO sessions are managed after the initial authentication. \nMany countries all around the world provide citizen authentication methods based on smart cards or other credentials. Most of these offer strong two-factor authentication and APIs for integration to private and commercial systems. However, organizations may want to implement strong authentication by themselves without relying on specific national identity systems. We designed and implemented a system that provides two-factor user authentication with mobile phone as a secure store for service-issued credentials. Mobile devices also give rise to questions about session mobility. Stateless web applications that are distributed between the browser and the cloud may store only authentication session information in the client device. We implemented session migration that allows SSO sessions to be moved from one device to another. This enables users to change to the best available device, such as switching between a desktop computer and a mobile device, and still continue working without reauthentication. Moreover, most SSO systems focus on the authentication at the beginning of sessions. We observe that the ending of sessions can be confusing and lead to security failures. We investigate logout in existing SSO systems and suggest separating the concepts of local and global logout. \nAs the computing environment changes, for example, applications move to mobile and cloud platforms, there is continuous need to update authentication technologies. This thesis proposes several incremental improvements to SSO systems and addresses various pain-points from the user's and developer's points of view.
The ecology of phantasy: ecopsychoanalysis and the three ecologies

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

We are in a planetary pyramid scheme, getting into an ecological debt from which there can be no bail outs. We live on a finite planet with an economic system predicated on unending growth. Scientists estimate human demand already exceeded the biosphere's regenerative capacity in the 1980s (Wackernagel et al., 2002, p. 926), yet somehow this just doesn't hit home, our behaviour doesn't match our knowledge. Why? I draw on ideas from my recent book (Dodds, 2011) to explore the possibility of a nonlinear ecopsychoanalysis with which to respond to a climate at the edge of chaos.
Will the Release of Presale Housing moderate or exacerbate residential price volatility? - Taking Apartmemt complexes Units in Taichung City as an Example

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

During periods of economic prosperity, increased profit opportunities lead to active transactions in the existing housing market and heightened consumer risk preferences. At this time, developers increase the launch of presale housing projects to expand business opportunities, indirectly filling the supply gap of existing homes and alleviating housing demand. However, in reality, prices in both the presale and existing housing markets mutually drive each other up, further delaying the stabilization of housing prices. Therefore, whether the launch of presale housing projects can alleviate the demand for existing homes and achieve the function of price moderation becomes a research-worthy question. This study aims to investigate whether the volume of presale housing projects moderates or exacerbates housing prices. We focus on the volatility of aggregate residential housing prices in Taichung City, Taiwan, using transaction data of monthly average prices for Apartmemt complexes Units (high-rise buildings and high-rise apartments) from August 2012 to June 2023. We employ the ARCH/GARCH models to analyze the impact of presale housing project volumes on housing price volatility. Stability and convergence indicate a moderating effect of presale housing project volumes on housing prices; otherwise, it indicates exacerbation. After model testing, this study selects the most appropriate model as the ARIMA(3,1,0)-GARCH(1,0) model. This study finds that during periods of economic prosperity, the volume of presale housing projects does not aid in stabilizing or converging residential housing prices; instead, it exacerbates market disruption.
Choice of Law Under the International Sales Convention: A U.S. Perspective

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods was adopted on April 10, 1980. The chief reason for its adoption was that the prior Uniform Law on the International Sale of Goods (ULIS) and its supplementary Convention relating to a Uniform Law on the Formation of Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (ULF) had not received widespread support.
Role of metformin in the treatment of cholangiocarcinoma: A systematic review.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

e16132 Background: Non-cancer medications and their potential anti-cancer activity have attracted significant interest in recent years. The aim of this research is to conduct a systematic assessment of the existing evidence on the usefulness of metformin in the treatment of cholangiocarcinoma. Methods: We conducted literature search using PubMed, Clinicaltrials.gov, Embase, and Cochrane to retrieve studies evaluating the role of Metformin in the treatment of Cholangiocarcinoma. Three studies were finalized after careful screening. Results: We analyzed 3 studies. The total population was 638. The types of Cholangiocarcinoma varied from intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma found in 293, to extrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma in 365 and gallbladder carcinoma in 149 patients. Patients were in different stages of treatment such as undergoing chemotherapy, surgery or post- resection and/or post chemotherapy. The mean survival rate was significantly increased to 30.4 months and 13.2 months in patients using Metformin vs. 23.48 months and 10.3 months among patients not using Metformin (p < 0.0005) after resection of the tumor. An increase in the mean survival rate was reported among patients using Metformin vs. non-users after the administration of chemotherapy, i.e., 25.9 months vs. 10.6 months (p = 0.0016), respectively. Metformin in combination with Chloroquine showed favorable results regarding adverse events, however, no clinical activity was reported against IDH-1 mutated intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Conclusions: Our analysis concludes while the use of Metformin is associated with significantly improved post-operative survival, it does not show any significant clinical activity against IDH-1 mutated intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Metformin also showed significant improvement in patients taking chemotherapy. Studies, including trials to evaluate the effectiveness of Metformin alone or used in combination with non-cancer medications or chemotherapeutic agents could provide more definitive recommendations for the treatment of Cholangiocarcinoma.[Table: see text]
[Heart failure after myocardial infarct in decompensated diabetes mellitus. Acute therapy with catecholamines--long-term therapy with ACE inhibitor-loop diuretic combination].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In a 63-year-old woman with longstanding type I diabetes mellitus, CAD and chronic heart failure, a subacute myocardial infarction developed, together with decompensation of cardiac function and diabetes and concurrent pneumonia. Acute heart failure with acute renal failure on top of diabetic nephropathy, and interstitial pulmonary edema was initially treated with hemofiltration and catechol amines together with antibiotic and perfusor-regulated insulin therapy, and systemic heparinization. Subsequent chronic treatment with digitalis, acetyl salicylic acid, insulin and a combination of an ACE inhibitor and a loop diuretic resulted in an improvement of heart failure to NYHA functional class II where PTCA of coronary multi-vessel disease could be performed with low risk.
RESPONSIBILITY OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS FOR VIOLATIONS OF GOOD CORPORATE GOVERNANCE PRINCIPLES IN COMPANY MANAGEMENT

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The provisions of the Limited Liability Company Law have not yet set specific regulations governing the application of Good Corporate Governance (GCG) principles. The law requires companies to adhere to general corporate standards without detailing the specific forms, procedures, responsibilities, or sanctions associated with GCG. This lack of detailed regulation can lead to legal uncertainty. This paper employs a normative legal research method to explore how management responsibilities may arise in the event of GCG violations in the management of a limited liability company (PT). Such responsibilities may include both civil and criminal liabilities.
Impact of Improved Cassava Technology Adoption on Farmers Output in Benue State, Nigeria

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Aims: The aim of the study was to ascertain the impact of the adoption of improved cassava technology on the output of farmers in Benue state, Nigeria. Study Design: The study used Survey design. Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out in Benue State, between November 2018 and May 2019. Methodology: Cluster and simple random sampling techniques were used to select 366 respondents for the study. Primary data were collected using Semi-structured questionnaire. Objective 1 was achieved using descriptive statistics such as percentages, frequencies and means while Objective 2 was achieved using multiple regression model. Results: The findings showed that the adoption of improved cassava technologies influenced the farmers in a number of ways which included increased farmers income (56%: 2.10), acquired new skills (75%:); increased output (76%: ); expanded production (67%: ); ensured more food at home (food security) ( 85%: ); and increased well being of adopters (80%: ). The result also revealed that improved cassava technologies adoption have significant impact on farmers output in Benue State was accepted. This was indicated by F-stat value of 33.42 and F-probe value of 0.000 of less than 0.05, indicating that the estimated regression model adopted in this study was statistically significant at 1%. The R2 value of 0.75 implied that 75% of dependent variable (farmers output) was explained by the independent variables (TSM0505, TSM0581, TSM0572, TMS011368, TMS961632, TMS920326 TME 419, NR8082). Conclusion: Thus it was concluded that improved cassava technologies adoption have significant impact on farmers output in Benue State The study thus recommend that Extension agencies should ensure that improved cassava technologies are accessible by farmers and that farmers acquire the necessary knowledge and skills in using such technologies. This will ensure high adoption and high impact as well.
Sleep Habits and Related Factors in Kindergarten Children

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Aim: This study aimed to determine the sleeping habits and sleeping periods of kindergarten children, in order to analyze the problems related to sleep hygiene and determine the underlying factors. Methods: The sample size of this cross-sectional study consisted of 390 children. A questionnaire filled in by the parents was used as the data collection tool. The data were analyzed with appropriate statistical tests. Results: According to the mothers, 77.2% of the children had their own room at home. Thirty nine percent of children slept with the full light on in their room, 50.3% slept with night light on in their room, 12.3% slept with the radio/television on in their room. Infant sleep practices found in this study are swaddling (18.5%), wrapping of the infant's arms (21.0%), and rocking (58.7%). Conclusions: In terms of sleep hygiene, the vast majority of the children slept in a bright environment, and there were electronic appliances in the room. Common infant-transition-to-sleep practices observed were wrapping their arms and swaddling them. In our point of view, awareness training for parents about the subject will support sleep hygiene practices.