jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Effects of Oral Cannabinoids on Systemic Inflammation and Viral Reservoir Markers in People with HIV on Antiretroviral Therapy: Results of the CTN PT028 Pilot Clinical Trial

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Chronic HIV infection is characterized by persistent inflammation despite antiretroviral therapy (ART). Cannabinoids may help reduce systemic inflammation in people with HIV (PWH). To assess the effects of oral cannabinoids during HIV, ten PWH on ART were randomized (n = 5/group) to increasing doses of oral Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC): cannabidiol (CBD) combination (2.5:2.5–15:15 mg/day) capsules or CBD-only (200–800 mg/day) capsules for 12 weeks. Blood specimens were collected prospectively 7–21 days prior to treatment initiation and at weeks 0 to 14. Plasma cytokine levels were determined via Luminex and ELISA. Immune cell subsets were characterized by flow cytometry. HIV DNA/RNA were measured in circulating CD4 T-cells and sperm by ultra-sensitive qPCR. Results from both arms were combined for statistical analysis. Plasma levels of IFN-γ, IL-1β, sTNFRII, and REG-3α were significantly reduced at the end of treatment (p ˂ 0.05). A significant decrease in frequencies of PD1+ memory CD4 T-cells, CD73+ regulatory CD4 T-cells, and M-DC8+ intermediate monocytes was also observed (p ˂ 0.05), along with a transient decrease in CD28–CD57+ senescent CD4 and CD8 T-cells. Ki-67+ CD4 T-cells, CCR2+ non-classical monocytes, and myeloid dendritic cells increased over time (p ˂ 0.05). There were no significant changes in other inflammatory markers or HIV DNA/RNA levels. These findings can guide future large clinical trials investigating cannabinoid anti-inflammatory properties.
Phasor and directions of a bolted single-phase-ground fault current in a high-resistance grounded (HRG) power system

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper reviews the phasor and directions of a single-phase-ground fault current (s) in a high-resistance grounded (HRG) power system. A brief review of the published literature, which is inconsistent, has caused confusion on what should be the correct phasor and fault current directions to be used in dot standard P3003.1. An application concept that during single-phase-ground fault condition, "distributed capacitive current direction reverses in the two un-faulted phases" compared to the direction under normal system operation. This concept has been applied before [2] [6]; however, some application engineers raised the question on this concept. The concept is currently used in the modern ground fault protection relays used for HRG and ungrounded power systems. It has no impact on the operation of the power system during the phase-ground fault condition, but it helps in providing ground-fault current flow from faulted location to ground, a normal industry convention. The paper will provide guidance on how to update the contents of the HRG system contained in the current edition of IEEE STD. 142 to be used for Dot Standard P3003.1 [23].
A Novel Approach to Magnetic Nanoadsorbents with High Binding Capacity for Bovine Serum Albumin

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Magnetic nanoadsorbents using Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles as cores and poly(methyl acrylic acid) (PMAA) as ionic exchange groups were prepared through our novel approach. Two steps were involved in this approach: the first was to functionalize the magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) with methacrylate double bonds via the combination of ligand exchange and condensation of methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane(MPS); the second was to graft PMAA chains onto the surface of MNPs through radical polymerization. The success of the various surface functionalization steps was ascertained using FTIR and XPS. The as‐synthesized PMAA‐coated MNPs were effective in binding bovine serum albumin (BSA) with a high capacity of 1 300 mg · g −1 . magnified image
Targeting CXCL12/CXCR4 Axis in Multiple Myeloma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Copyright: © 2014 Pandey MK, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Multiple Myeloma (MM) is malignant haematological disease characterized by uncontrolled proliferation of monoclonal plasma cells (PC) in bone marrow (BM). The receptor, CXCR4 is widely expressed on hematopoietic cells including MM cells and respond to CXCL12 gradients for mobilization through blood stream and bone marrow. CXCL12 plays an important role in recruitment of MM cells to bone marrow microenvironment and formation of neoangiogenic niches supporting tumor growth, survival and metastasis. The integral role of this chemokine-receptor axis in development of MM makes it a desirable target for therapeutics. In this review, we outline the background on MM and role of specific chemokine CXCL12 in the disease with an attempt to highlight the targeted therapeutics for its signaling receptor CXCR4 in MM.
Virus-Specific Proteins Synthesized in Encephalomyocarditis Virus-Infected HeLa Cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The in vivo synthesis of encephalomyocarditis-specific proteins was studied by labeling the viral proteins with radioactive amino acids under conditions where host-protein synthesis was almost completely inhibited. To assure recovery of all proteins, intact cells were lysed in hot 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate. These lysates were analyzed by quantitative high-resolution electrophoresis on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels. This technique allowed the detection and estimation of the molecular weight of 15 virus-specific polypeptides: A , 100,000; B , 90,000; C , 84,000; D , 75,000, D1 , 65,000; E , 56,000; ε, 40,000; F , 38,000; α, 34,000; β, 30,000; γ, 23,000; G , 16,000; H , 12,000; I , 11,000; and δ, 9,000. Pulse-chase experiments, in conjunction with cyanogen bromide and tryptic mapping of the isolated polypeptides, indicate that at least three primary gene products (A,F,C), with a cumulative weight of about 220,000, are generated during translation of the RNA genome. Chains A and C then undergo post-translational cleavages, while F remains uncleaved. The proteins generated by the cleavage of A include all of the capsid chains (α, β, γ, δ, ε). Those generated by the cleavage of C include D and E . The chains α, β, γ, δ, E, F, G, H, I , with a cumulative molecular weight of about 230,000, are stable and are produced in about equimolar amounts. A model for the synthesis of, and a cleavage sequence that accounts for, all of the viral polypeptides is proposed.
[A case of gastric cancer with liver metastases successfully treated with combination therapy of systemic and hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A 67-year-old man was admitted to our hospital because of advanced gastric cancer associated with metastases to the liver, the lymph nodes along the lesser curvature and the infradiaphragmatic lymph nodes. As we considered the primary lesion and the liver metastases to be unresectable, we treated him with combination therapy of systemic and hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy. The regimen of systemic chemotherapy consisted of cisplatin (CDDP) and UFT. Hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy included 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), doxorubicin (DXR) and mitomycin C (MMC). We repeated this therapy six times. The size of the primary lesion and the lymph node metastases decreased significantly after the chemotherapy. The size of the liver metastases did not change, but they appeared to necrotize. The patient maintained a good quality of life during the therapy. He finally died of peritonitis carcinomatosa 18 months after the diagnosis. This case indicated that combination therapy of systemic and hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy was effective in cases of unresectable gastric cancer associated with liver metastases.
A case of placental polyp successfully treated by hysteroscopic transcervical resection with temporary endovascular balloon occlusion of both internal iliac arteries.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A 24-year-old woman was referred to us because of persistent vaginal bleeding after curettage for a delayed miscarriage. Transvaginal color Doppler ultrasonography and MRI revealed a mass measuring 3 × 2 cm with abundant blood flow in the uterine cavity. Her hCG was 4.7 mIU/ml. We diagnosed retained placenta or placental polyp on the basis of the characteristic clinical findings. Hysteroscopic transcervical resection (TCR) was performed with perioperative endovascular placement of occlusion balloon in both internal iliac arteries. Endoscopy revealed a 3-cm broad-based yellow polypoid tumor on the posterior wall of the uterine corpus. The procedure lasted 23 minutes, and the inflation time of balloon catheters was 13 minutes. The estimated blood loss was small. There were no technique-related problems or complications. The sheath catheter was removed immediately after the operation. The pathological diagnosis was placental polyp. TCR with internal iliac artery balloon occlusion appears to be a good procedure for treating placental polyp.
Validity and reliability of the simplified Therapeutic Intervention Scoring System in intensive care units of a public sector hospital in Johannesburg

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Purpose. To introduce the simplified Therapeutic Intervention Scoring System (TISS-28) and to employ the original Therapeutic Intervention Scoring System (TISS-76) and Simplified Acute Physiological Score (SAPS) version II in critically ill adult patients in order to describe the validity and reliability of TISS-28 as a suitable measure of quantifying nursing workload in the adult intensive care units (ICUs) of a public sector hospital in Johannesburg. Objectives. To describe the profile of patient admissions to the ICUs, to investigate the impact of the patients’ profile on the requirements for nursing workload, and to validate the use of the TISS-28 as a measure for quantifying nursing workload in this setting. Design. A non-experimental, comparative, correlation and prospective two-staged design was utilised to meet the study objectives. Stage I involved face and content validation of TISS-28 by a panel of 6 ICU nurse experts. Stage II involved assessment of concurrent and construct validity as well as inter-rater reliability of TISS-28 using 105 participants drawn from trauma, cardiothoracic and multidisciplinary ICUs. Data necessary for the calculation of TISS-28, TISS-76 and SAPS II were recorded for each patient in the ICU at 24 and 48 hours after admission and in the wards after discharge within 24 - 48 hours. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse data. Results. A content validity index (CVI) of 0.93 was found for TISS-28. A significant positive correlation was found between TISS-28 and TISS-76 scores (r=0.7857, p=0.0001). Although the correlation between TISS-28 and SAPS II was significant (p=0.0317), it was small (r=0.2098). A significant intra-class correlation (ICC) was found for the data collected from a sample of patients by the researcher and expert assistant researcher (ICC=0.99; p=0.0001). Conclusions. The findings support the validity and reliability of TISS-28 and hence its feasibility for use in South African ICUs. Recommendations for nursing education, practice, management and research are proposed.
Logistics Outsourcing of Fresh Enterprises Considering Fresh-Keeping Efforts Based on Evolutionary Game Analysis

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Aiming at the perishable characteristics of fresh products, the high transportation cost, and the positive externalities of enterprises' fresh-keeping efforts, this paper constructs an evolutionary game model of logistics outsourcing of fresh enterprises considering fresh-keeping efforts. The evolutionary equilibrium point is calculated and the impact of parameters of the system is analyzed. The results show that the selection of corporate strategy is related to the benefits of the fresh-keeping efforts investment and the amount of income obtained from ”free-rider” behavior. When the investment income of both parties is continually changed, the Evolutionary Stable Strategy (ESS) can be obtained. This paper finds the path to realize the strategy of fresh enterprises and logistics enterprises willing to invest in fresh-keeping efforts. Under the different benefits received by the two parties' investment in logistics resources, the enterprise contract constraints and government policy subsidies are introduced respectively. When the punishment or subsidy is greater than the corresponding critical value, the evolutionary stable strategy of both parties is to invest in fresh-keeping efforts. Numerical simulation is used to verify the theoretical results. The research results have some enlightenment for improving the fresh-keeping level in the logistics outsourcing process of fresh enterprises.
Real-time PCR assay and rapid diagnostic tests for the diagnosis of clinically suspected malaria patients in Bangladesh

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

More than 95% of total malaria cases in Bangladesh are reported from the 13 high endemic districts. Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax are the two most abundant malaria parasites in the country. To improve the detection and management of malaria patients, the National Malaria Control Programme (NMCP) has been using rapid diagnostic test (RDT) in the endemic areas. A study was conducted to establish a SYBR Green-based modified real-time PCR assay as a gold standard to evaluate the performance of four commercially-available malaria RDTs, along with the classical gold standard- microscopy.Blood samples were collected from 338 febrile patients referred for the diagnosis of malaria by the attending physician at MatirangaUpazila Health Complex (UHC) from May 2009 to August 2010. Paracheck RDT and microscopy were performed at the UHC. The blood samples were preserved in EDTA tubes. A SYBR Green-based real-time PCR assay was performed and evaluated. The performances of the remaining three RDTs (Falcivax, Onsite Pf and Onsite Pf/Pv) were also evaluated against microscopy and real-time PCR using the stored blood samples.In total, 338 febrile patients were enrolled in the study. Malaria parasites were detected in 189 (55.9%) and 188 (55.6%) patients by microscopy and real-time PCR respectively. Among the RDTs, the highest sensitivity for the detection of P. falciparum (including mixed infection) was obtained by Paracheck [98.8%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 95.8-99.9] and Falcivax (97.6%, 95% CI 94.1-99.4) compared to microscopy and real-time PCR respectively. Paracheck and Onsite Pf/Pv gave the highest specificity (98.8%, 95% CI 95.7-99.9) compared to microscopy and Onsite Pf/Pv (98.8, 95% CI 95.8-99.9) compared to real-time PCR respectively for the detection of P. falciparum. On the other hand Falcivax and Onsite Pf/Pv had equal sensitivity (90.5%, 95% CI 69.6-98.8) and almost 100% specificity compared to microscopy for the detection of P. vivax. However, compared to real-time PCR assay RDTs and microscopy gave low sensitivity (76.9%, 95% CI 56.4-91) in detecting of P. vivax although a very high specificity was obtained (99-100%).The results of this study suggest that the SYBR Green-based real-time PCR assay could be used as an alternative gold standard method in a reference setting. Commercially-available RDTs used in the study are quite sensitive and specific in detecting P. falciparum, although their sensitivity in detecting P. vivax was not satisfactory compared to the real-time PCR assay.
Duo‐Trio Difference‐Preference Test with Two Replications: Use of Psychological Biases for Measuring Meaningful Preference

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract A new paradigm of the duo‐trio difference‐preference (DT‐Preference) test was developed as alternatives to the paired‐preference test with a no preference option, to correct the overestimation of preference responses. Triadic sample presentation in a preference test elicits odd sample bias, i.e., preferring the sample selected as the same as the reference. In the two replicated DT‐Preference test applied for fermented milk product testing using 208 consumers, this psychological bias in preference responses was apparent in the first test. This bias referred to as the tried first reference bias was eliminated by treating those responses that changed depending on which reference was presented as though no preference had been expressed, leading to more reliable sample preferences, meaningful to consumers. The perceptual discriminability in DT‐Preference tests was not decreased in comparison to the sole difference tests, while when the preferred sample was used as a reference, the discrimination increased. Practical Applications Consumer acceptance mainly determines the sensory quality of products. Paired‐preference test with a no preference option is a broadly used sensory acceptance test method. Yet this preference test method suffers from preference bias caused by the order of sample presentation and/or hidden demand characteristic of the preference test. Such a psychological bias can generate preference responses toward either product presented in a pair for slight or no differences in sample preference, which is not meaningful for consumer behavior. The new paradigm of the duo‐trio difference‐preference test with a perceptual reference introduced in this article uses another type of psychological bias – odd sample bias – as a means to regulate such biased preferences expressed in a predictable manner. Using this approach, the validity and reliability of preference data analysis can be improved by finding more accurate response proportions of two‐way preference responses versus no preference responses.
The Coke Industry of the United States as Related to the Foundry

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

From Introduction: "The present bulletin, published by the Bureau of Mines because of the analyzing and testing of fuels have been transferred from the Geographical Survey to the Bureau of Mines, briefly reviews the status of the coke industry, some features of practice in the use of coke in the foundry, the probable happenings of a cupola heat, and the reasons for modifying charging practice so that a particular coke can be used to best advantage."
OLD GLOBE PRESENTS WORLD PREMIERE OF HERSHEY FELDER'S BEETHOVEN, AS I KNEW HIM AS FIRST MOVEMENT OF HIS THRILLING

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

San Diego – The Old Globe will present the world-premiere of Hershey Felder’s Beethoven, As I Knew Him May 3 – June 8 in the Old Globe Theatre. This tour-de-force production is written and performed by Hershey Felder and directed by Joel Zwick. In addition, Felder will also reprise the two additional productions in his acclaimed “Composer Sonata,” including Monsieur Chopin (June 11 – 22) and George Gershwin Alone (June 25 – 29), bringing to life three of the greatest composers of all time in this exciting theatrical and musical trilogy.
Planar Defects in Sn-Doped Single-Crystal ZnO Nanobelts

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Sn-doped ZnO nanobelts were synthesized by chemical vapor deposition. These single-crystalline nanobelts with a wurtzite structure grow along the <011̄0> direction. Transmission electron microscopy shows the existence of planar defects in the middle of each nanobelt, which contains antiphase and inversion boundaries. The appearance of inversion boundaries parallel to the (0001) plane is attributed to the release of structural strains, which result from the introduction of Sn+4 ions. In photoluminescence measurements, a strong ultraviolet peak and a weak visible band were observed at room temperature.
Roles and Contributions of Brokers (Middlemen) and Perceptions towards the Custom Farming System in the Muda Area, Malaysia

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Custom farming, or the custom hiring system, has long been widely practiced in paddy farming in the Muda area of Malaysia. The objective of the system is to provide farmers with machinery such as harvesting equipment, tractors and lorries for convenience. Brokers, or middlemen, within the system act as intermediaries between the farmers and service providers, who are the owners of the machines, tractors and lorries. This study aims to examine the profile of these brokers, in terms of their years of experience as a broker, the size of land under their supervision, the agreement method between farmers and service providers and also broker contributions to farmers. The research is carried out in the context of paddy farming in the Muda area. The respondents consist of 35 brokers and 65 farmers, each of whom completed a questionnaire. The data is analyzed using SPSS. The results show that through contributions of brokers within this custom farming system, problems relating to the ownership of machinery, lack of time and energy and farmers’operating costs can be reduced. However, there are still weaknesses in this service system that needs to be improved.
Scalp acupoint catgut embedding combined with topical 5% minoxidil tincture to improve male androgenetic alopecia: protocol for a randomised controlled trial

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction Androgenetic alopecia (AGA), the most prevalent form of hair loss in clinical practice, affects 21.3% of the male population in China. The condition significantly impacts patients’ self-perception, psychological well-being and quality of life. Preliminary evidence suggests that acupoint catgut embedding (ACE) may offer therapeutic benefits for AGA. This randomised controlled trial aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ACE combined with topical 5% minoxidil tincture in managing AGA. Methods and analysis This is a single-centre, prospective, double-blind, randomised controlled trial. A total of 70 male patients with AGA will be randomly allocated to either the ACE group (ACE combined with topical minoxidil) or the control group (sham ACE combined with topical minoxidil) at a 1:1 ratio. All participants will receive standardised topical 5% minoxidil therapy during the 24-week intervention period, with concomitant administration of either ACE or sham ACE (needle insertion mimicking ACE protocol without suture implantation) at 4-week intervals. Post-treatment follow-up will extend for 24 weeks. The primary outcome measure will be the change in the number of target area hair count (TAHC) after 24 weeks of treatment compared with the baseline. Secondary outcomes will include hair growth assessment, changes in the number of TAHC, changes in the diameter of target area cumulative non-vellus hair width and changes in sex hormone levels. Statistical significance will be defined as a two-sided p value<0.05. Ethics and dissemination This study has been approved by the clinical research ethics committee of China–Japan Friendship Hospital (project number: 2023-KY-304) and requires written informed consent from the patients. The results will be published in a peer-reviewed academic journal. Trial registration number ChiCTR2300078123.
Reconfigurable single-feed antenna with switchable polarization

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A new reconfigurable single-feed circular microstrip antenna with polarization diversity is proposed. The simple structure of this antenna contains a radiating circular patch, four switches (PIN diode), and a 50 Ω microstrip feed line. It can be switched between four different states: two states for linear polarization (LP), one state for left hand circular polarization (LHCP) and one for right hand circular polarization (RHCP). Simulation and experimental results show that the proposed antenna demonstrates a good impedance bandwidth, and axial ratio in the circularly polarized states.