jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Intelligent Image Analysis for Image-Guided Laser Hair Removal and Skin Therapy

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We present the development of advanced automatic target recognition (ATR) algorithms for the hair follicles identification in digital skin images to accurately direct the laser beam to remove the hair. The ATR system first performs a wavelet filtering to enhance the contrast of the hair features in the image. The system then extracts the unique features of the targets and sends the features to an Adaboost based classifier for training and recognition operations. The ATR system automatically classifies the hair, moles, or other skin lesion and provides the accurate coordinates of the intended hair follicle locations. The coordinates can be used to guide a scanning laser to focus energy only on the hair follicles. The intended benefit would be to protect the skin from unwanted laser exposure and to provide more effective skin therapy.
The effects of dietary antibiotic and anise oil supplementation on body weight, carcass characteristics and organoleptic analysis of meat in broilers

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

L'objectif de cette etude etait d'etudier les effets de la supplementation en antibiotiques (Avilamisin) et en huile d'anis sur le poids vif, les caracteristiques de carcasse, et les proprietes organoleptiques de la viande de poulet. Deux cents poulets âges de 5 jours (Ross-308) ont ete divises en 5 groupes de 40 animaux : le groupe control, le groupe A100 (supplementation en huile d'anis de 100 ppm), le groupe A200 (supplementation en huile d'anis de 200 ppm), le groupe A400 (supplementation en huile d'anis de 400 ppm) et le groupe antibiotique (supplementation en avamycine a 0.1%). A la fin de l'etude (40 jours), le poids vif moyen du groupe A400 etait plus eleve (2572.25 g) que celui du groupe antibiotique (2414.40 g) (p<0.05). En outre le poids vif moyen du groupe antibiotique etait different de celui des groupes A100 (2299.95 g), A200 (2296.4 g) et control (2255.50 g) (p<0.05). Les caracteristiques de carcasse etaient differentes en fonction du groupe au niveau du gesier (p<0.04), du foie, des ailes, de la carcasse chaude et de la carcasse froide (p<0.05). Les proprietes organoleptiques de la viande etaient meilleures dans le groupe A400 (p<0.05). En conclusion, les resultats de cette etude ont montre que l'huile d'anis a 400 ppm peut etre utilisee comme alternative aux antibiotiques pour ameliorer la croissance des poulets de chair.
Electrochemical Biosensors Design Steps

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Designing a biosensor is a complex engineering process requiring careful consideration. This chapter takes a brief look at the design-to-fabrication process of electrochemical biosensors and the evaluation of their performance. This review helps us to build a roadmap for designing reliable and valuable biosensors for various applications. The design roadmap consists of ten steps. The first section discusses the importance of these steps, then some of them will be discussed in detail. This chapter helps researchers to study the field of biosensors in a systematic and practical manner.<br>
[Evaluation of the in vitro activity of aztreonam on 1990 gram-negative bacterial strains recently isolated in Campania hospitals].

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The in vitro activity of aztreonam, leader of a new class of antibiotics, the monobactams, has been investigated. The effectiveness of the new molecule on 1990 strains of Gram-negative clinical isolates has been compared to that of some other drugs widely utilized for the treatment of nosocomial infections. Aztreonam has shown the highest activity against all the tested strains, with a geometrical mean of MICs (MG) of 0.37 and a MIC 90 of 8 micrograms/ml.
Combining Fine- and Coarse-Grained Classifiers for Diabetic Retinopathy Detection

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Visual artefacts of early diabetic retinopathy in retinal fundus images are usually small in size, inconspicuous, and scattered all over retina. Detecting diabetic retinopathy requires physicians to look at the whole image and fixate on some specific regions to locate potential biomarkers of the disease. Therefore, getting inspiration from ophthalmologist, we propose to combine coarse-grained classifiers that detect discriminating features from the whole images, with a recent breed of fine-grained classifiers that discover and pay particular attention to pathologically significant regions. To evaluate the performance of this proposed ensemble, we used publicly available EyePACS and Messidor datasets. Extensive experimentation for binary, ternary and quaternary classification shows that this ensemble largely outperforms individual image classifiers as well as most of the published works in most training setups for diabetic retinopathy detection. Furthermore, the performance of fine-grained classifiers is found notably superior than coarse-grained image classifiers encouraging the development of task-oriented fine-grained classifiers modelled after specialist ophthalmologists.
An innovative approach to evaluate people's effects on the dynamic behavior of structures

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Le persone, utilizzando strutture pedonali quali passerelle, ponti o scale, non solo introducono un carico attivo ma si comportano come sistemi dinamici capaci di modificare la dinamica della struttura stessa. Attualmente la conoscenza di questo fenomeno, comunemente noto come Interazione Uomo-Struttura, e tuttavia ancora limitata e non risulta semplice determinare le ampiezze di vibrazione di tali strutture.
Questo lavoro si concentra principalmente sull’analisi delle vibrazioni verticali di strutture snelle. Per quanto riguarda le vibrazioni verticali, l'evidenza sperimentale mostra che le persone aggiungono smorzamento alla struttura. Per questo motivo, considerare le proprieta dinamiche della struttura vuota per stimare la risposta strutturale puo causare un alta sovrastima delle ampiezze di vibrazione. Pertanto, il lavoro propone un approccio innovativo per includere l'effetto della presenza delle persone nella simulazione della dinamica di strutture pedonali. Utilizzando l'approccio proposto in questo lavoro e possibile ottenere delle previsioni affidabili del comportamento dinamico di tali strutture.
La prima parte del lavoro si concentra sull'analisi dell'effetto di persone ferme. L'approccio proposto richiede unicamente la conoscenza del modello modale della struttura vuota della funzione di trasferimento di ciascun soggetto nel punto di contatto con la struttura, mentre non viene posto nessun vincolo sul numero di gradi di liberta della struttura. Il metodo e stato quindi esteso con lo scopo di quantificare le ampiezze di vibrazione in condizioni operative. L'idea alla base di tale estensione e l'identificazione di un modello dinamico equivalente per rappresentare il comportamento dinamico del sistema persone-struttura. Utilizzando questo modello equivalente viene quindi applicata una forza attiva per ottenere una stima dei livelli di vibrazione. In tutti i casi sono stati eseguiti esperimenti e simulazioni numeriche per validare il metodo.
L'approccio e stato quindi utilizzato anche per eseguire un'analisi teorica del fenomeno di Interazione Uomo-Struttura. In particolare sono state analizzate le differenze tra l’utilizzo di un modello a piu gradi di liberta della struttura e la sovrapposizione degli effetti. Inoltre sono stati investigati gli effetti della distribuzione di persone sulla struttura, della postura delle stesse e della direzione di vibrazione.
Infine, allo scopo di testare il metodo su una struttura complessa, lo stesso e stato utilizzato per prevedere il comportamento dinamico di una tribuna dello stadio San Siro.
Nomenclature and mechanisms of early pregnancy loss

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction Early pregnancy loss before 12 weeks' gestation is a common event that causes a great deal of distress to women and their partners alike. Approximately one in five pregnancies will end in pregnancy loss which represents a considerable burden on individuals as well as the health care providers. Recent guidance clearly sets standards for healthcare at the time of diagnosis and management of early pregnancy complications. The core standard should be that all patients are assessed and managed within an early pregnancy unit (EPU).1,2As miscarriage causes such strong emotional reaction, it is apparent that the great majority of sufferers clearly remember the event process leading up to loss. Most early pregnancy complications will have undergone ultrasound scan assessment. Many women recall precise details of ultrasound findings before or at the time of diagnosis. As a consequence there is a need to improve our description of early pregnancy events so that care providers and patients understand each other and use the same language to describe these findings. Upon this basis and using a pragmatic approach an attempt to replace old and misunderstood terms like "blighted ovum" has been made.
Markov renewal models for traffic exhibiting self-similar behaviour

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Observations of self-similar behaviour in network traffic have reinforced the notion that Poisson assumptions might facilitate analysis but do not always agree with real world phenomenon. In particular, the traffic processes for these networks are locally bursty while exhibiting long range dependence. We consider three models for network traffic which attempt to capture this behaviour. We are interested in showing how certain properties exhibited in self-similar processes are also observed in classical queueing models. First is the Markov modulated Poisson process which intuitively describes bursty local behaviour but lacks extreme long term correlation. Second, we consider a renewal model for traffic processes in which the interrenewal times have a regular varying distribution. Such renewal models exhibit long range dependence properties. Finally, we consider a Markov renewal process which is a hybrid of the first two models. The benefits of the hybrid include fitting local self-similar behaviour while maintaining long range dependence.
The lantern slide and art history

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract About 150 years ago, the first art history courses appeared in America and attracted the attention of inquisitive young students. It all began at Princeton in 1831-32, when the study of Roman antiquities was introduced and lectures on historical architecture were given. Soon such institutions as New York University, Yale, the University of Vermont, and the University of Michigan began giving courses; by the time of the Civil War six colleges had instituted such offerings with varying degrees of success.
Mayor Carl Stokes meets with teachers and parents

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

"Left to right: Mayor Carl B. Stokes; James O'Meara, president, Cleveland Teachers Union; Willie Mae Travis, teacher, East High School; Frank Perez, teacher, East High School; Lucinda Graves, president, East High PTA; Maxine Brown, parent of East High pupil. Tapestry Room, City Hall." --photo verso. 70 teachers at East High walked out of the school earlier in the day to protest conditions in and around the school, claiming that they felt unsafe.
Women’s View of Trust and its Influence on Entrepreneurship and Career Development

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Trust is highly important in human interactions and research on it is a growing cross-disciplinary field. Some findings in the network literature indicate that men’s trust depends more on group membership and women’s on relationships, and also that the leader or initiator is important for the development of trust. The aim of this study is to examine women’s view of trust. The role of leaders, general conditions that support or impede trust as well as formal settings that encourage or discourage trust and whether trust is due to personal or collective attributes is examined. The empirical results stem from qualitative interviews with 24 women, members of a female business network. Leadership styles and especially the trustworthiness of the initiator of the network were important for the development of trust. Conditions that promoted trust were how one is treated by the group, commitment and presence during group meetings and time spent together. Facts that also played a role were that they all were women and businesswomen, especially, and that they were living in the same region. The project design, including an agreement on confidentiality and a narrative form of presenting one self to the group was a setting that encouraged trust. Other important findings were that the creation of personal relationships and trust were closely connected, and that the relationship between the women usually involved support and commitment rather than hope for economic gain. This focus on personal rather than economic gain is seen as an explanation to why women led enterprises remain small and why women’s careers end at middle management.
Application sentinel-1 SAR data for ocean research and operation

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The European Space Agency (ESA) launched Sentinel-1A and -1B synthetic aperture radar (SAR) satellites in 2014 and 2016, respectively. This is the first set of a constellation mission of two identical SAR satellites providing continuity of SAR data from earlier ESA's ERS-1/2 and Envisat missions for oceans and ice, land changes and emergency responses applications. The Sentinel-1A and -1B SAR data were made freely and openly available to registered users through ESA's Sentinel-1 internet data hub. The data have been utilized in both research including hurricane/typhoon and atmospheric boundary layer phenomena studies and operational generation of ocean surface wind and oil spill maps. In this study, we present the preliminary studies of the Sentinel-1 SAR-derived surface wind products and validation results. Examples of applications of SAR for atmospheric boundary layer phenomena and oil spill detection are also given.
THE EFFECT OF BALLOON INFLATION AND SPINAL EXTENSION ON RESTORING GEOMETRIC AND LOADING ALIGNMENT OF THE VERTEBRAL COMPRESSION FRACTURE

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose: The purpose of this biomechanical study was to assess: (1) the effect of thoracic vertebral compression fracture (VCF) on kyphosis and physiologic compressive load path, and (2) the effect of balloon kyphoplasty and spinal extension on restoration of normal geometric and loading alignment. Methods: Six fresh human thoracic specimens, each consisting of three adjacent vertebrae were used. In order to create a VCF, IBTs were placed transpedicularly into the middle VB and cancellous bone was disrupted by inflation of IBTs. After cancellous bone disruption the specimens were compressed using bilateral loading cables until a fracture was observed. Fracture reduction by spinal extension, and then by balloon kyphoplasty was performed under a physiologic compressive preload of 250 N. The vertebral body heights, kyphotic deformity, and location of compressive load path were measured on video-fluoroscopy images. Results: The VCF caused anterior VB height loss of 3715%, middle-height loss of 3416%, segmental kyphosis increase of 147.0 degrees, and vertebral kyphosis increase of 135.5 degrees (p Conclusions: An anterior shift of the compressive load path in VBs adjacent to VCF can induce additional flexion moments. The eccentric loading may contribute to the increased risk of new VB fractures adjacent to an uncorrected VCF deformity. Extension moment could fully correct the segmental kyphosis but could not restore the middle height of the fractured vertebral body. Balloon kyphoplasty reduced the VCF deformity and partially restored the compressive load path to normal alignment.
When Two Universities Meet: Fostering Research Capacity Among Early Career Researchers

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Between one-third and one-half of all presently employed academics will reach retirement age in the next decade. A challenge facing universities in this current environment is to continue to sustain their research capacities. Policy-makers and universities have developed various strategies to support ongoing development of different cohorts within the broader research community. One strategic approach has been to foster the research capabilities of Early Career Researchers (ECRs). This paper describes and analyses the features of one promising program collaboratively developed to support ECRs from Australian education faculties within the University of Canberra and Charles Sturt University. The program was initiated by senior researchers from both universities who identified a large number of ECRs on their respective staffs who worked in isolation and who would benefit from an expansion of their research and professional dimensions. While the program began as a 'top down' initiative, sufficient autonomy was allowed for the ECRs to identify their own professional requirements and to develop an ongoing program. ECRs have met regularly over the past two years to identify shared issues; organise and attend joint professional development activities (such as visiting scholars and mentoring with senior researchers); and work on collaborative research projects and publications. Funding, ongoing senior management support, a variety of both senior and junior role models as well as working on common initiatives has provided momentum for the program. The overarching aim of the program is to build a research community amongst the ECRs of both universities. An example of this collaboration has been a major writing project involving the production of a suite of articles by the ECRs concerning common ECR issues and support strategies. Outcomes also have included professional development and fostering cross university networks. The characteristics underpinning the program are highlighted in this paper, with links made between theory and practice, resulting in valuable outcomes for the participants concerned. It foreshadows emerging changes to the culture of the two education faculties as a result of explicitly addressing ECR research issues. Suggestions for developing sustainable programs to support ongoing research capacity-building of ECRs in Australian universities conclude this paper.
Ethidium Bromide-Resistant Mutant of Bacillus subtilis

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

An ethidium bromide-resistant mutant (EB8) derived from a Marburg strain of Bacillus subtilis was found to be conditionally resistant to 10 μg of ethidium bromide per ml. Expression of resistance is complete only during vegetative growth at incubation temperatures above 30 C in complex medium or minimal medium supplemented with Casamino Acids. Strain EB8 is cross-resistant to acriflavine and proflavine. The ethidium bromide resistance marker is co-transduced with hisA1 at a frequency of 6% and is located to the right of hisA1 on the B. subtilis chromosome as it is usually represented on the map. Incorporation of [ 5 - 3 H ] uridine by strain EB8 showed that ribonucleic acid synthesis in both whole cells and protoplasts is ethidium bromide-resistant.
Babies, Blueprints, and Blood Ties

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The first half of this chapter investigates the ways in which the concept of biological parenthood is used in philosophy of parenthood but also in non-academic contexts, noting that ‘genetic parent’ is often – but not always – used interchangeably with ‘biological parent’. I raise the question of whether gestation constitutes biological parenthood in the absence of genetic connection, and I consider two possible explanations for discrepancy in the use of the concept of biological parenthood. I highlight ways in which the interplay between this and other concepts of parenthood means that discrepancy in our use of language has significant consequences and give an argument against geneticist understandings of biological parenthood. The second part of the chapter considers the right to be a biological parent and the right to not be a biological parent. The discussion of these rights-claims is illustrated by reference to current legal and philosophical dilemmas: debates over access to reproductive technologies; the dilemma faced by separated couples who disagree over the use of their frozen embryos; and the philosophical questions raised by the possibility of ectogenesis with regards to abortion. Is the right to end a pregnancy the same as the right not to be a parent?
Healthcare professionals’ and patients’ views and experiences of surgical and medical treatment for nasal obstruction: a qualitative interview study for a Nasal Airway Obstruction Study (NAIROS)

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objectives To understand healthcare professionals’ and patients’ views and experiences of septoplasty and medical management (ie, nasal steroid and saline sprays) for nasal obstruction. Design Nested qualitative study as part of the Nasal Airway Obstruction Study (NAIROS) trial. We used in-depth interviews to develop a coding framework based on thematic analysis. Setting NAIROS was a trial based in the UK from January 2018 to December 2020 that aimed to compare the effectiveness of septoplasty versus medical management. Participants We purposively sampled and interviewed 14 healthcare professionals (surgeons, research nurses) and 31 patients involved in the NAIROS trial across 14 UK hospital sites. Results In usual practice, surgeons’ decisions regarding treatment for nasal obstruction are based on a complex assessment of patients’ symptoms, history and anatomy. Surgeons viewed septoplasty as a complex although routine operation, which is not guaranteed to improve symptoms of nasal obstruction. Some patients saw septoplasty, intuitively, as a ‘fix’ for a bent septum, whereas others were keen to avoid surgery if possible. Healthcare professionals welcomed the increased use of standard measurements if these were shown to provide a reliable guide to patient outcomes. However, they felt that it was important to retain an element of clinical judgement. Despite generally good outcomes from septoplasty, some patients still felt they had received little to no benefit from the operation. Patients also reported being underprepared for postsurgery recovery. Experiences were more varied with medical management, with some experiencing symptom improvement, but others discontinuing treatment due to difficulty or pain using the sprays, or perceived ineffectiveness. Remembering to use the sprays could be perceived as burdensome, although most patients were able to incorporate this into their daily routines. Conclusions Our qualitative study demonstrated varied individual experiences among patients undergoing septoplasty and medical management. Surgeons welcomed more standard measurements to guide decision-making for septoplasty. For patients, better information about treatment mechanisms, treatment delivery and aftercare, and the development of decision support tools would enable shared decision-making and help to provide optimal patient experience of the treatments. Trial registration number ISRCTN16168569 .