jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Child’s Right to Co- and Self-determination: A Comparative Legal Analysis

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

RESEARCH OBJECTIVE: The aim of the article is to present a comparative analysis of selected European countries’ legal regulations for issues concerning a child’s right to co- and self-determination when those who care for them (under parental responsibility, custody, legal guardianship, etc.) make decisions about their personal life. THE RESEARCH PROBLEM AND METHODS: The research problem concerns whether a child can co-decide or independently make decisions in matters concerning their person or property and, if so, what the scope of this right is. In investigating these questions, the authors used the theoretical and dogmatic legal method as well as the method of analysis (and synthesis) of relevant legal provisions of selected European countries. THE PROCESS OF ARGUMENTATION: In their analysis of the provisions in force in the in- ternal legislation of selected European countries (Germany, Norway, Poland, Sweden and the Netherlands), the authors present the adopted legal solutions for regulating issues related to rights that a child is entitled to when making decisions about their personal life and the responsibilities of parents caring for a child. RESEARCH RESULTS: The legislation of each of the five selected countries gives a child under the care of parents the right to co-determination/self-determination when making decisions about their personal life, although there are noticeable differences between individual national systems. CONCLUSIONS, INNOVATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS: Due to the editorial limitations on the length of the article, the authors have limited the analysis to the legislation of five selected European countries and to a general analysis of national laws regulating the research problem. In the longer term, a more in-depth analysis of such provisions seems justified. It also would be interesting to analyze the legal solutions in force in other countries, both European and non-European.
Applications of artificial intelligence in the apparel industry: a review

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents a systematic review on the state-of-art of artificial intelligence (AI) applications in the apparel industry. The existing literature is reviewed based on different research issues and AI-based methodologies. The research issues are categorized into four categories on the basis of the operation processes of the apparel industry, including apparel design, manufacturing, retailing, and supply chain management. This paper shows that research on AI applications in the apparel industry is still limited by analyzing the limitations of previous studies and research challenges. Finally, suggestions for further studies are offered.
Robust full-motion recovery of head by dynamic templates and re-registration techniques

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents a method to recover the full-motion (3 rotations and 3 translations) of the head using a cylindrical model. The robustness of the approach is achieved by a combination of three techniques. First, we use the iteratively re-weighted least squares (IRLS) technique in conjunction with the image gradient to deal with non-rigid motion and occlusion. Second, while tracking, the templates are dynamically updated to diminish the effects of self-occlusion and gradual lighting changes and keep tracking the head when most of the face is not visible. Third, because the dynamic templates may cause error accumulation, we re-register images to a reference frame when head pose is close to a reference pose. The performance of the real-time tracking program was evaluated in three separate experiments using image sequences (both synthetic and real) for which ground truth head motion is known. The real sequences included pitch and yaw of as large as 40/spl deg/ and 75/spl deg/ respectively. The average recovery accuracy of the 3D rotations was found to be about 3/spl deg/.
The Effects of Religiosity on Depression Trajectories Before and After Widowhood

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract Widowhood is associated with decreased emotional well-being, particularly increased depression. Religiosity may help improve mental health among widowed individuals. However, longitudinal studies exploring the role of religiosity on emotional well-being among widowed older adults is lacking, as are studies which examine this relationship using different dimensions of religiosity. This study analyzed data from the 2006-2016 waves of the nationally representative Health and Retirement Study (HRS). Trajectories of depression among older adults &gt;50 years (N=5,486) were examined to explore patterns of depression among those entering widowhood and the potential impact of religiosity on depressive symptoms during widowhood. Ordinary least squares (OLS) regression analysis was used to examine the association between widowhood and depression as well as the role of religiosity as a moderator of this association. Older adults experienced an increase in depressive symptomology after the onset of widowhood, and although the levels of depressive symptomology decrease post-widowhood, they do not return to their pre-widowhood levels. Additionally, high religious service attendance and higher intrinsic religiosity were both associated with lower depressive symptomology. High religious service attendance moderated the relationship between widowhood and depression. The relationship between high religious service attendance and depression was stronger among widowed older adults living alone. This study highlights the long-term effects of widowhood on depressive symptomology among older adults. The findings also suggest that higher religious service attendance can lessen the effects of widowhood on depressive symptoms, especially for those living alone. These findings may inform intervention development around increased screening and treatment for depression.
Recovery Profile and Patient Satisfaction After Ambulatory Anesthesia for Dental Treatment—A Crossover Comparison Between Propofol and Sevoflurane

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to determine which anesthetic was preferable for ambulatory anesthesia: propofol alone or sevoflurane alone. A crossover study was performed to compare the recovery profile and patient satisfaction after 2 anesthesia methods. Twenty healthy patients with severe anxiety toward dental treatment undergoing 2 sessions of day-case dental treatment received either propofol or sevoflurane anesthesia. The order of these methods was randomized. The depths of anesthesia were kept constant using bispectral index (BIS) monitoring. Observations on recovery profiles were performed in the emergence phase, in the recovery phase, and 24 hours after discharge. Patient satisfaction and preference were obtained by a questionnaire. Most of the recovery profiles in the emergence phase such as time to eye opening to respond to verbal command, time to BIS ≥ 75, and time to extubation were shorter in the sevoflurane group than in the propofol group. All recovery profiles in the recovery phase showed no differences between the 2 groups. Based on the subject's satisfaction and preference, propofol was evaluated as a better anesthetic for ambulatory anesthesia than sevoflurane. Higher patient satisfaction and a greater preference for future dental treatment were revealed for propofol anesthesia. Propofol may be more suitable for ambulatory anesthesia for dental treatment.
Elimination and tissue distribution of the monosaccharide lipid A precursor, lipid X, in mice and sheep

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Lipid X (2,3-diacylglucosamine 1-phosphate) is a novel monosaccharide precursor of lipid A (the active moiety of gram-negative endotoxin) and has been found to be protective against endotoxin administered to mice and sheep and against life-threatening gram-negative infections in mice. Because of the need to design optimal dosing regimens in experimental models of ovine and murine septicemia, the pharmacokinetic profile of lipid X was investigated in sheep and in two strains of mice by using 32P-labeled lipid X. In sheep, peak whole blood lipid X levels after a bolus injection of 100 micrograms of lipid X per kg were 900 ng/ml. An initial rapid distribution phase of 7.98 +/- 0.1 min was observed, followed by a prolonged elimination phase of 3.0 +/- 0.5 h; the area under the curve from time zero to infinity was 428 +/- 27 ng.h/ml. The serum half-lives of lipid X were slightly shorter than whole blood half-lives, suggesting that lipid X associates with cellular elements. Metabolites of lipid X could not be detected in serum over a 4-h period. Lipid X appears to accumulate mainly in the liver, and the tissue distribution of lipid X resembles that of lipopolysaccharide. The elimination rate of lipid X in mice was approximately four times as rapid as that seen in sheep. Lipid X pharmacokinetics in lipopolysaccharide-sensitive DBA/2J mice were virtually identical with those seen in endotoxin-resistant C3H/HeJ mice. The pharmacokinetics described here should greatly aid in the design and interpretation of animal studies investigating the therapeutic applications of lipid X in gram-negative septicemia.
The Mycobiome: Impact on Health and Disease States

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Research efforts by mycologists over the past few years finally established the fungal community and its previously overlooked members as crucial components of the microbiome. It is now undeniable that the commensal fungal microorganisms, alongside the other components of the microbiota, play a central role in association with the human host. Ongoing research is describing the fungal community and is providing new insights into biological mechanisms by which multidirectional interactions between the microbiome, their genomes (metagenome), metabolites (metabolome), and the human host ultimately affect health and/or disease states.
GENERALIZED AMYLOIDOSIS: INCREASED ALUMINUM IN CNS AND OTHER ORGAN TISSUE

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

一般臓器のみならず中枢神経組織(CNS)にアミロイド沈着を認めた全身性アミロイドーシスの1例を報告すると共に,その発現機序を探るために本症例と, Alzheimer原線維変化と老人斑のみられたParkinson病2例について,放射化分析法によりCNSを中心に各臓器組織中のAl, Cu, Mn, Ca量を測定した.本症例は49才の男子.意識消失発作とParkinson症状で始まり,発熱を伴う意識障害や幻覚,反響言語,感情失禁等が出没し,痴呆,さらに失外套症候群の状態を経て,全経過6年6カ月で死亡. CNS26カ所における本症例のAlの平均含有量は89.5±28.9μg/g: dry weightの異常高値を示し, Cu 34.7±12.1, Mn 1.35±0.19, Ca 479±84μg/gであつた.一般臓器についてもAlが高値を示す部位(膵,肺など)があつた. Parkinsoa病についても, Al 31.8±10.2, Cu 28.3±10.1, Mn 1.22±0.26, Ca 526±80μg/gで, 3例の対照例のAl 17.7±3.4, Cu 23.5±2.1, Md 1.52±0.22, Ca 254±69μg/gに比べて,アミロイドーシスとParkinso籍病は微量金属において特異性を示した.近年Alzheimer病や老人性痴呆における老人斑の成因について,アミロイド物質との関係が注目されているが,本症例で脳実質に高Al含有量を認めたことは両者の密接な関係が示唆され, CNS変性過程におけるAlの役割が注目される.
Noise and Silence inRigoletto's Venice

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract In this article I explore how public acts of defiant silence can work as forms of historical evidence, and how such refusals constitute a distinct mode of audio-visual attention and political resistance. After the Austrians reconquered Venice in August 1849, multiple observers reported that Venetians protested their renewed subjugation via theatre boycotts (both formal and informal) and a refusal to participate in festive occasions. The ostentatious public silences that met the daily Austrian military band concerts in the city's central piazza became a ritual that encouraged foreign observers to empathise with the Venetians’ plight. Whereas the gondolier's song seemed to travel separate from the gondolier himself, the piazza's design instead encouraged a communal listening coloured by the politics of the local cafes. In the central section of the article, I explore the ramifications of silence, resistance and disconnections between sight and sound as they shape Giuseppe Verdi's Rigoletto , which premiered at Venice's Teatro la Fenice in 1851. The scenes in Rigoletto most appreciated by the first Venetian audiences hinge on the power to observe and overhear, suggesting that early spectators experienced the opera through a mode of engagement born of the local material conditions and political circumstances.
Monkeypox: A Contemporary Review for Healthcare Professionals

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract The ongoing 2022 multicountry outbreak of monkeypox is the largest in history to occur outside of Africa. Monkeypox is an emerging zoonotic disease that for decades has been viewed as an infectious disease with significant epidemic potential because of the increasing occurrence of human outbreaks in recent years. As public health entities work to contain the current outbreak, healthcare professionals globally are aiming to become familiar with the various clinical presentations and management of this infection. We present in this review an updated overview of monkeypox for healthcare professionals in the context of the ongoing outbreaks around the world.
Effect of EPHA1 Genetic Variation on Cerebrospinal Fluid and Neuroimaging Biomarkers in Healthy, Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease Cohorts

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Ephrin type-A receptor 1 (EPHA1) (11771145) was documented to be one of the most strongly associated locus with Alzheimer's disease (AD) in a recent meta-analysis of five genome wide association studies. However, its contribution to the pathogenesis of AD remains unclear to date. Here, we addressed the role of EPHA1 in AD by investigating the influence of EPHA1 on cerebrospinal fluid and neuroimaging biomarkers in three clinical stages from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database. We did not detect significant association of EPHA1 with amyloid-β deposition or tau protein. However, the A-allele in the mild cognitive impairment group remarkably prevented hippocampal atrophy (partial correlation coefficient 2.812, 95% CI 0.651 to 4.973) at two-year follow-up. Additionally, AD subjects with the A-allele displayed less atrophy and greater cerebral metabolic rate for glucose (CMRgl) in the right lateral occipitotemporal gyrus (volume: partial correlation coefficient 540.10, 95% CI 247.26 to 832.95; CMRgl: partial correlation coefficient 0.056, 95% CI 0.024 to 0.087) and inferior temporal gyrus (volume: partial correlation coefficient 327.98, 95% CI 11.65 to 644.31; CMRgl: partial correlation coefficient 0.055, 95% CI 0.019 to 0.091) at baseline. This study suggests EPHA1 (rs11771145) interferes with the pathological alteration of the hippocampus and the lateral occipitotemporal and inferior temporal gyri throughout the AD process, leading to a lower risk of AD. However, the limited sample size and follow-up as well as the diversity across ethnicities precluded explanation of these findings.
Developing senior technical leaders at the National Security Agency.

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This article is based on the Presidential Address at the 2009 Society of Psychologists in Management Conference. It introduces the concept of technical leadership and describes the National Security Agency (NSA) leadership model, emphasizing the role of technical leaders at NSA. NSA's technical leaders function as embedded consultants and the interplay between technical consultation and managerial leadership is critical to effective leadership at NSA. Most of the article will focus on the NSA Senior Technical Development Program (STDP). The STDP is a program focused on developing experts into those who will technically lead at NSA. To provide the context for the program, this article includes a brief introduction to NSA's missions and identifies some of the technical challenges faced by NSA. These challenges drive NSA's managerial and technical leadership development approaches and initiatives.
Trap-Integrated Superconducting Nanowire Single-Photon Detectors with Improved RF Tolerance for Trapped-Ion Qubit State Readout

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

State readout of trapped-ion qubits with trap-integrated detectors can address important challenges for scalable quantum computing, but the strong rf electric fields used for trapping can impact detector performance. Here, we report on NbTiN superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) employing grounded aluminum mirrors as electrical shielding that are integrated into linear surface-electrode rf ion traps. The shielded SNSPDs can be successfully operated at applied rf trapping potentials of up to $\mathrm{54\,V_{peak}}$ at $\mathrm{70\,MHz}$ and temperatures of up to $\mathrm{6\,K}$, with a maximum system detection efficiency of $\mathrm{68\,\%}$. This performance should be sufficient to enable parallel high-fidelity state readout of a wide range of trapped ion species in typical cryogenic apparatus.
Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry based Phytochemical Profiling of Marine Macroalga Ulva compressa Methanol Extract

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Marine macroalgae are widely recognized as vital sources of bioactive compounds, having prospective applications in pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, and biotechnology. As global demands for natural therapeutics continue to grow, marine macroalgae, especially Ulva species, have emerged as a promising candidate due to their diverse profiles of phytochemicals. In such cases, qualitative phytochemical analysis is fundamental in determining these bioactive constituents, as well as their potential functional activities. In this study, the methanolic extract of Ulva compressa was subjected to Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry analysis in both positive (ESI+) and negative (ESI-) Electrospray Ionization modes to characterize its phytochemical composition in detail. Using ESI-, a total of 66 phytochemicals were detected, and 29 by ESI+, showing the phytochemical richness of the marine alga. The detected phytochemicals belonged to many biologically vital chemical classes, which include flavonoids, phenolics, peptides, fatty acids, lipids, terpenoids, and glycosides. These findings support the application of Ulva compressa as a marine-based resource for drug discovery and functional product development. This work also highlights the potential of LC-MS as an effective technique for marine phytochemical profiling, providing in-depth molecular insights. Keywords: LC-MS, Phytochemical Profiling, Ulva compressa
[Prognostic factors in the treatment of inoperable orofacial tumors with simultaneous radiotherapy and intra-arterial chemotherapy].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Between January 1973 and April 1982 66 evaluable patients with advanced inoperable orofacial tumours underwent intraarterial Bleomycin and Methotrexate with simultaneous radiotherapy in a prospective study. 32 patients had no previous treatment, 34 patients had initial surgery, radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy. 15 mg Bleomycin were administered through a catheter into the arteria externa carotis daily in the morning. 25 mg Methotrexate were given in the same way at night followed by 3 mg Calcium-Leucovorin i.m. every 8 hours. The cumulative dose was 300 mg Bleomycin and 500 mg Methotrexate. Four hours after the administration of Bleomycin the target volume was irradiated (single fraction 2 Gy, total dose 60 to 65 Gy). The overall response rate was 65% containing 17% complete and 48% partial remission. Destruction of the bone appeared to be the most important index at the start of the therapy. Further prognostic determinants as previous treatment, localisation of the primary tumours (maxilla and mandibula respectively oral cavity and oropharynx) and local regional lymphnode stage missed statistically significance in the survival time, may be due to a possible radiosensitizing effect of the simultaneous chemotherapy. Complete remission turned out to be the most important prognostic factor after the end of treatment. Patients responding with complete remission show a median disease free survival of 56+ months and a median survival time of 82 months. Acute reactions were reversible. Only in 14% of the patients the treatment could not be finished. Better results could be obtained by electron-affinic radiosensitizers and high LET radiation.
Thermodynamics of mRNA 5‘ Cap Binding by Eukaryotic Translation Initiation Factor eIF4E

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Translation of mRNA in eukaryotes begins with specific recognition of the 5' cap structure by the highly conserved protein, eIF4E. The thermodynamics of eIF4E interaction with nine chemical cap analogues has been studied by means of emission spectroscopy. High-sensitivity measurements of intrinsic protein fluorescence quenching upon cap binding provided equilibrium association constants in the temperature range of 279 to 314 K. A van't Hoff analysis yielded the negative binding enthalpies for the entire cap analogue series, -16.6 to -81 kJ mol(-1), and the entropies covering the range of +40.3 to -136 J mol(-1) K(-1) at 293 K. The main enthalpic contributions come from interactions of the phosphate chains and positively charged amino acids and the cation-pi stacking of 7-methylguanine with tryptophans. A nontrivial, statistically important isothermal enthalpy-entropy compensation has been detected (T(c) = 399 +/- 24 K), which points to significant fluctuations of apo-eIF4E and indicates that the cap-binding microstate lies 9.66 +/- 1.7 kJ mol(-1) below the mean energy of all available conformational states. For five cap analogues, large and positive heat capacity changes have been found. The values of DeltaC(p) degrees correlate with the free energies of eIF4E binding due to stiffening of the protein upon interaction with cap analogues. At biological temperatures, binding of the natural caps has both favorable enthalpy and favorable entropy. Thermodynamic coupling of cap-eIF4E association to intramolecular self-stacking of dinucleotide cap analogues strongly influences the enthalpies and entropies of the binding, but has a negligible effect on the resultant DeltaG degrees and DeltaC(p) degrees values.
A study of morphology and morphometry of scapula in North Indian population and its evolutionary significance

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction. Morphometrics can quantify a trait of evolutionary significance and deduce something of their ontogeny or evolutionary relationships. The present study intends to establish the morphometric criterion of scapula in North Indians. This is of definite significance as bone morphology is known to be influenced by cultural, environmental and racial factors. Materials and methods. The present study was carried on 100 adult scapulae of unknown sex obtained from Department of Anatomy, Government Medical College, Amritsar. The parameters studied were length of scapula; maximum breadth of scapula; superoinferior length, transverse breadth and depth of supraspinous fossa; length of infraspinous fossa, maximum breadth of infraspinous fossa, infraspinous fossa breadth, groove for circumflex scapular vessels and its distance from lateral angle and inferior angle, ridge between origin of teres minor and teres major on lateral border of infraspinous fossa, length of attachment of teres minor on infraspinous fossa, length of attachment of teres major on infraspinous fossa; scapular index and infraspinous index. Results. The values of the parameters were found to be more on the right side except superoinferior length of supraspinous fossa, mean distance of the groove from the lateral angle and inferior angle. Mean scapular index and mean infraspinous index were 68.30 and 76.40 respectively. Discussion. The various morphologic parameters studied and morphometric values measured in our study can be used to compare the racial characteristics and study the evolutionary aspects in different populations.