jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Investigation of the Thin Castings (6th Report). Flow of Molten Metal in the Green Sand Mould

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The flow of molten metal in the green sand mould was investigated by measuring the running length. Results obtained are as follows :(1) Running velocity is related to \sqrt2ga (here, a is the height of molten metal), but the amount of metal used has little effect upon the running length within some limit of a. (2) Falling head affects the running length but the effect of sectional area of gate upon it is related to the size of ruuner and the height of head. (3) The heigher casting temperature and the less moisture in sand, the longer they become; but it is not always so with temperature, when the falling head is heigher. (4) Height or angle of branching to runner and shapes at the entrance have some effect on them. (5) When the thickness of ruuner is narrowed on the way, it is not length or situation but degree of them that is the master of the running length. (6) When the width of runner is changed but the thickness is constant, the most suitable width is existent for some size of gate.
Host-Virus Interaction During Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV) Infection

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is a singlestranded positive-sense RNA virus that belongs to the family of Arteriviridae. PRRSV infection generally results in reproduction failure in sows and respiratory problems in piglets and it has become a significant concern for the swine industry all over the world. PRRSV infection is characterized by delayed and weak host adaptive response possibly due to the ability of PRRSV to suppress the host’s innate immune response, such as the induction of type I interferon (IFN). IFNs are a group of cytokines that serve as a bridge between the innate and adaptive immune response. Previous studies have shown that several viral nonstructural proteins are capable of interfering with the induction of type I IFNs. However, most of the results are obtained through experiments conducted in cells derived from non-natural host species of PRRSV. Here, we first examined the induction of type I IFN in porcine monocyte-derived dendritic cells (Mo-DC). Our results showed that PRRSV infection efficiently activated the transcription of IFN-α and β. However, the protein level of IFN-α in the supernatant and cell lysates of infected cells is either low or below detection limit, suggesting that PRRSV may interfere with the induction of type I IFNs through a post-transcriptional mechanism in Mo-DC. Since previous studies have suggested the essential role of phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) dependent Akt, PI3K/Akt, pathway in the induction of type I IFN in dendritic cells, we next examined the interaction between PRRSV and PI3K/Akt pathway. An early activation and late inhibition of PI3K/Akt were observed in PRRSV infected Mo-DC. Furthermore, inhibition of PI3K/Akt by a PI3K specific inhibitor, LY294002, reduced virus replication. We have also shown that PRRSV induced the transcriptional activation of type I interferon in a PI3K/Akt dependent manner. Protein kinase R (PKR) is activated by dsRNA during virus infection and exhibits its antiviral activities by inhibiting protein synthesis through phosphorylation of its substrate, the α subunit of the translation initiation factor 2 (eIF2α). To determine the role of PKR during PRRSV infection, we first examined the kinetics of PKR activation during PRRSV infection. Results showed that PRRSV transiently activated PKR during early infection. Concurrently, an increased transcription of GADD34, a cofactor of protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) was observed. There is no correlation between PKR activation and eIF2a phosphorylation. However, eIF2a phosphorylation was positively correlated with XBP1 splicing, suggesting the possible role of ER stress in triggering eIf2a phosphorylation. Similarly, PKR silencing did not significantly affect the phosphorylation of eIF2a in PRRSV infected cells, but virus replication was reduced. Future studies are needed to understand the role of PKR in PRRSV replication process in greater detail.
Robot‐Assisted Thoracoscopic Hybrid Esophagectomy in the Semi‐Prone Position Under Pneumothorax

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract We performed robot‐assisted thoracoscopic hybrid esophagectomy using the da V inci S urgical S ystem and demonstrated the potential benefit of this minimally invasive lymphadenectomy. Between A pril 2010 and O ctober 2011, four patients with intrathoracic esophageal cancer underwent hybrid esophagectomy in the semi‐prone position using a 3‐arm standard da V inci and a conventional thoracoscopic maneuver. All thoracoscopic procedures were completed using a robot‐assisted technique. Robot‐assisted thoracoscopic esophagectomy in the semi‐prone position is safe and technically feasible. A hybrid procedure that combined standard da V inci with conventional thoracosopic maneuvers overcomes the difficulties associated with using a standard da V inci.
PRESENT ACHIEVEMENTS OF THE EXPERIMENTAL NAVIGATION SYSTEM TAG

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The Institute of Geomatics (IG) operates the experimental hardware TAG (Trajectory, Attitude and Gravimetry) for GNSS/IMU data acquisition, developed during several projects in the field of inertial navigation in photogrammetry and remote sensing, sensor orientation and geodesy. The hardware basically consists of commercially available devices. The IG has a set of inertial measurement units (IMU) available that cover the whole range of the quality and price spectrum, in order to be able to give answer to the wide demand in the field of inertial navigation research and development. The software is the result of IG development work and ensures time synchronization of the measurements obtained, data capturing for post-processing and operation in real-time mode. The system is open to extension with new sensors and to modification to new applications. This paper gives a summary of the TAG elements and their architecture, of the system’s functionalities and potential, of some of the experiments in which it was involved, and it will give some results of a real time experiment conducted.
High speed data transmission at the Superconducting Super Collider

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

High-speed data transmission using fiber optics in the data acquisition system of the superconducting Super Collider is investigated. Emphasis is placed on the high-speed data transmission system overview, on the local data network, and on subassemblies, such as optical transmitters and receivers. The performance of candidate subassemblies having a low power dissipation for the data acquisition system is discussed.< >
Preparation of p-type ZnO thin films by in situ oxidation of Zn3N2

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Low resistance p-type ZnO thin films were prepared by in situ oxidation of Zn3N2 films which were deposited by reactive radio-frequency magnetron sputtering of zinc in Ar-N2 mixture atmosphere. The effects of oxidation temperature and time on structural, electronic and optical properties of the samples were investigated by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Hall-effect measurements, transmittance spectra and photoluminescence spectra. It was found that the sample oxidized at 450 ℃ contains Zn2N3 besides ZnO. The sample oxidized at 500 ℃ for 2 h had good properties of low resistance (0.7 Ωcm), good transmittance rate (above 85%)，predominant excitonic ultraviolet emission with narrow full width at half maximum and weak deep level visible emission. The low resistance p-type ZnO films could be used in short wavelength industrial application.
Real-time face tracking and pose estimation with partitioned sampling and relevance vector machine

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Tracking the pose of human face has long been an important research topic which has many important applications, and it is particularly challenging with a monocular camera because the depth information is lost due to the perspective projection. This work adopts particle filter with partitioned sampling to decompose the state space of face pose tracking into two subspaces for increasing the sampling efficiency, thus achieving satisfactory performance with fewer particles. The parameters in the first subspace describe the target on image plane, and the parameter in the second subspace is used for the estimate of the face pose in yaw angle direction. For the evaluation of each hypothesis in the second subspace, a statistical learning algorithm called relevance vector machine (RVM) is used to map a face containing image to the pose of the face. The training of RVM is tailored to each detected frontal face, and it takes less than half second, which is suitable for a real-time application. The learning based regression model also presents the insensitive ability to expression variation and unmodeled degree of freedom. The experimental results verify that the combination of particle filter and RVM can efficiently reduce the processing time and add robustness to the performance of the system, thus making this algorithm applicable to human-machine interface with low-cost webcams.
Jung on the East

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Jung's interest in the East was deep-rooted and life-long, and the traditional teachings of China and India played an important role in his personal and intellectual development, as well as in the formations of the ideas and practices that are central to Jungian psychology.Jung on the East brings together key selections from his work on Buddhism, yoga and Taoism, and on such classic texts as the I Ching and The Tibetan Book of the Dead. It also includes accounts on his own journey to India.The clear and perceptive introduction sets the context for Jung's encounter with the East, and provides an excellent framework that will enable the reader to get the most out of Jung's writings in this area. The book will be of interest to everyone seeking to further their understanding both of Jung, and of Eastern thought and spirituality.
Mechanisms of Military Coatings Degradation: Accelerated and Outdoor Exposure Evaluations

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract : The Weapons and Materials Directorate of the U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL) has completed a 4-year research investigation on identifying and quantifying key degradation mechanisms of legacy and newly developed coatings systems used by the U.S. Army, Marine Corps, and Air Force. This study has incorporated numerous analytical tools and methods in an effort to better understand the fundamental principles of environmental degradation that lead to coating failures. These environmentally related failures are broadly characterized in two different ways: one as minor, such as appearance changes (color loss/fade), and the other as catastrophic, such as film protection changes (substrate corrosion). This report will summarize the coatings' appearance performances when exposed to enhanced ultraviolet radiation and to outdoor static weathering. Specifically discussed are the results obtained on the coatings' change in color and specular gloss. These evaluations will serve as a performance baseline providing the knowledge required to formulate more durable military coatings. Additionally, when correlated with results obtained from other techniques, a failure analysis model can be established predicting a coating's actual field service life.
Ancient Chinese Wars

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

While China's ancient warriors often countered Shih-strategy with Li-strategy, two major wars provide especially clear comparisons. In the Warring States period, Xiang Yu (?–203 BC) of Chu emerged as the prototypical Li-strategist facing Liu Bang (?–195 BC) of Han. In the Three Kingdoms period, Liu Bei (AD 161–223?) of Shu Han used Shih-strategy against Cao Cao (AD 155–230?) of Wei.KeywordsMilitary ForceShandong PeninsulaMilitary PowerWarring States PeriodSubordinate StateThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
P02-135 - A Pattern Recognition Matrix for Placebo-response in Schizophrenia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives There is a need for real-time capability to detect inconsistencies in efficacy outcome measures and to predict individual-level or group-level placebo response. Training and calibration to improve reliability is one method; though this can be undermined by the enrollment of placebo responders. Methods A pattern recognition matrix for placebo-response in schizophrenia was developed based on a Phase II study of schizophrenia conducted in the US. A data monitoring algorithm based on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) was retrospectively applied to the unblinded data and score patterns for the placebo responders versus placebo non-responders were analyzed. Results A total of 35 placebo responders and 35 randomly selected placebo non-responders were compared. For specific patterns during the first 2 visits, patients were significantly likely to be placebo responders. Within this sample of patients who were randomized to placebo, those who demonstrated the pattern within the initial study visits were approximately three times more likely (OR=2.9, p=0.027) to demonstrate a placebo response. Conclusion This initial finding suggests that this method could aid in the detection of placebo response early in a trial. In concert with a data-monitoring process we would expect more robust signal detection. The use of the same system, coupled with ongoing training has demonstrated significant improvements in reliability, increasing the ICC by 19% in a 3-month period. If deployed at startup, this method provides a cost-effective way of managing the data quality in RCTs.
Adapting an m-Health Intervention for Spanish-Speaking Latinx People Living with HIV in the Nonurban Southern United States

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: Latinx people in the United States are disproportionately diagnosed with HIV and are more likely to experience worse HIV-related health outcomes. Although m-health has demonstrated success in improving HIV care, a gap remains in the development of m-health platforms tailored to Latinx populations. Methods: We conducted formative study to guide the adaptation of an evidence-based m-health intervention, PositiveLinks (PL), for Spanish-speaking Latinx people living with HIV (PLWH). Spanish-speaking Latinx PLWH in the nonurban Southern United States completed semistructured interviews and viewed a demo version of the m-health intervention. Qualitative analysis was performed using a grounded theory approach. Emerging themes were identified in four topic areas: (1) prior experiences with technology, (2) desired m-health features, (3) experiences with prototype app, and (4) iteration of prototype. Results: All PLWH who participated (n = 22) were born outside the continental United States. Participants included 10 men, 10 women, and 2 transgender participants. Mean age was 41.1 years (standard deviation 11.6 years). Participants expressed concerns about privacy, a need for reliable information, and interest in practical m-health features such as appointment and medication reminders. After trialing the Spanish-language PL prototype, participants reported that peer support and positive reinforcement were strong motivators to use the app. The ability to individualize the app to meet one's own needs was also considered important. Conclusion: This formative study provides baseline attitudes about m-health among Latinx PLWH as well as desired m-health features. m-Health interventions are acceptable to Spanish-speaking PLWH and involving the target population in a user-centered formative process led to improvements in app accessibility and usability.
[Biological action and clinical application of shark liver oil].

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Fish oils contain several active compounds that modify cell activity and influence various functions of the body. Shark liver oils are rich in alkylglycerols and squalene, but contain relatively low amounts of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Alkylglycerols may control immune response possibly throw modification of platelet activating factor (PAF) and diacylglycerol (DAG) production. Squalene enhances antigen presentation and induction of inflammatory response. Moreover, alkylglycerols and squalene have antitumour activity, that is possibly based on different mechanisms, ie., induction of apoptosis of neoplastic cells, suppression of signal transduction, inhibition of angiogenesis and promoting of transmembrane transport of cytotoxic agents. Shark liver oil has been found to be useful in treatment of conditions resulted from inadequate immune response, and in adjunctive treatment of several types of cancer.
ACTION OF PROGESTERONE ON THE DEPOLARIZATION OF THE MEMBRANE POTENTIAL IN TOAD OOCYTES INDUCED BY LEUCINE

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The depolarization of the membrane potential in toad oocytes induced by leucine was found in our previous experiment. In this paper, a possible action or progesterone in the process was further investigated. After oocytes had been incubated for 16 to 24 hours with
Metal-Confined Synthesis of ZnS2 Monolayer Catalysts for Dinitrogen Electroreduction

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Atomically thin two-dimensional (2D) materials are of great significance in catalytic, energy storage, and electronic devices. So far, such materials are limited to several categories with layered structures. Herein, we predict an unusual atomically thin ZnS2 monolayer and exploit a metal-confined chemical vapor deposition strategy for the successful preparation of such an unprecedented 2D material, where a sulfide monolayer was first grown on metal nanosheets to form a sulfide/metal/sulfide sandwich structure, and then, the metal core was etched out to obtain freestanding sulfide monolayers. As shown in this work, the ZnS<sub>2</sub> monolayer possesses unique electron-deficient properties related to the atomic structure and exhibits high catalytic activity for dinitrogen electroreduction. Our work will enable creating 2D TMD materials that were previously inexistent or inaccessible.
Design of Sensor Based Walnut Cracking Device and By-Product Classification via K-Means

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Kashmir is a leading producer of walnuts in India. They are considered the healthiest nuts and are very costly owing to their nutritional value. Kashmir is one of the leading producers of walnuts, contributing to about 90% of production in India. However, the farmers don't get much higher rates for these organically produced walnuts as the separation of kernel and shell is a laborious task. This paper proposes an automatic device to separate walnut shells and their hulls making them market ready at a faster processing speed. The walnuts are passed through a conveyor belt where they are broken down by using automated hammer, applying the perfect pressure so as not to break the walnuts completely and ensure the kernel is taken out of the green and brown shell. The shell and the kernel are separated by the data from the color sensor and image processing technology with classification techniques. The device provides a sustainable solution for post harvest agricultural practices in walnut cultivation.
Predicting defoliation byChoristoneura biennis(Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract The 2-year-cycle spruce budworm, Choristoneura biennis Free. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), causes defoliation of spruce – subalpine fir forests in British Columbia, Canada. Historical and newly obtained data were used to develop a linear regression relating percent defoliation in the 2nd feeding year of the life cycle to the percentage of shoots damaged in the previous, 1st feeding year of the life cycle. The resulting regression was tested with independent data and correctly predicted (95% prediction intervals) defoliation in 14 of 15 stands. Patterns of defoliation were similar on white spruce, Picea glauca (Moench) Voss (Pinaceae), and subalpine fir, Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. (Pinaceae), and hence the regression can be used for either mixed or pure stands of either species.
Supplementary Material for: Macrophages and Fibroblasts Differentially Contribute to Tattoo Stability

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Background: Little information is available about the complexity and function of skin cells contributing to the high stability of tattoos. It has been shown that dermal macrophages play an important role in the storage and maintenance of pigment particles. By contrast, the impact of dermal fibroblasts, forming the connective tissue of the skin, on the stability of the tattoo is not known. Method: In this study, we compared the cell number and the particle load in dermal macrophages versus dermal fibroblasts, isolated from tail skin of tattooed mice. Results: Microscopic analysis revealed that both cell populations contained the tattoo particles, although in largely different amounts. A small number of macrophages with high side scatter intensity contained a large quantity of pigment particles, whereas a high number of dermal fibroblasts harbored only a few pigment particles. Using the CD64dtr mouse model that allows for selective, diphtheria toxin-mediated depletion of macrophages, we have previously shown that macrophages hold the tattoo in place by capture-release and recapture cycles. In the tattooed skin of macrophage-depleted mice, the content of pigment particles in fibroblasts did not change; however, the total number of fibroblasts carrying particles increased. Conclusion: The present study demonstrates that dermal macrophages and fibroblasts contribute in different ways to the tattoo stability and further improves our knowledge on tattoo persistence.
The Eni - IFP/Axens GTL technology. From R and D to a successful scale-up

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Proven natural gas reserves had reached about 184 Tscm in 2006 to which 36% is stranded gas far from the final market. Fischer Tropsch based GtL options today represent a viable route to develop such remote gas resources into high quality fuels and specialties. Thus opening different markets for the gas historically linked to the oil. Thanks to R and D successful improvements in the field of catalysis and reactor technology coupled with optimized integration and economies of scale have reduced the investment cost for building a Fischer Tropsch GtL complex. Basically all major Oil and Gas companies are involved in proprietary GtL development, and today several industrial projects have been announced. The most advanced is the Oryx project (QP-Sasol) which has been inaugurated the 6{sup th} of June '06 and currently in the starting up phase. Eni and IFP-Axens have developed a proprietary GtL Fischer-Tropsch and Upgrading technology in a close collaboration between the two groups. The Eni/IFP-Axens technology is based on proprietary catalysts and reactor, designed according to scale-up criteria defined in ten years of R and D activity. Unique large scale hydrodynamic facilities (bubble columns, loops) bench-scale dedicated pilot units, as well as large scale Fischer-Tropsch pilot plant, have been developed and operated to minimize reactor and ancillaries scale-up risks. The large scale Fischer-Tropsch pilot plant has been built and operated since 2001. The plant, located within the Eni refinery of Sannazzaro de' Burgondi (Pavia, Italy) is fully integrated to the refinery utilities and network. It reproduces at 20 bpd scale the overall Fischer Tropsch synthesis section: from slurry handling (loading, make-up, withdrawal), to reactor configuration and products separation units. Today the scale-up basis has been completed and the technology is ready for industrial deployment. (orig.)