jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Sound Guides Action and Action Scaffolds Sound Perception

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Action and perception are codependent processes with continuously updating bidirectional interaction, resulting in a sum that is greater than it’s parts. Here, I focus on the auditory and motor systems, and use musical timing to explore topics including entrainment, simulation, prediction and correction, and motor inhibition. In collaboration with numerous co-authors, I show evidence for a strong relationship between sound perception and body movements. Our auditory environment has clear and measurable impacts on subcortical and cortical movement control and planning (Chapters 2-4), and on neural signatures of movement control (Chapter 5). I show that music can be used to explore predictive and feedback-based (Chapters 2-4, 6,7), as well as inhibitory aspects of movement control (Chapter 5). I discuss claims that neural activity used for movement control and planning can causally contribute to auditory perception (Chapters 6, 7, Discussion), and I present evidence in support of these views (Chapters 6, 7). The robust synergy between human audition and action has enormous potential for clinical applications for people recovering from stroke and with movement disorders, but also for typically aging adults (Chapter 3) and healthy young adults (Chapters 2-4). However, the majority of the work presented here is intended to add insights to the fundamental understanding of the brain as a predicting and adapting organ that guides human action through a fast-paced and multisensory world. This dissertation, Sound Guides Action and Action Scaffolds Sound Perception, is submitted by Jessica M. Ross in the summer of 2018 in partial fulfillment of the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Cognitive and Information Sciences at the University of California, Merced, under the guidance of Ramesh Balasubramaniam.
641 Strong immune response to therapeutic vaccination with EO2401 microbiome derived therapeutic vaccine + nivolumab: interim report of the EOGBM1–18/ROSALIE study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background

EO2401 is a therapeutic vaccine designed to activate memory commensal specific T-cells that are cross-reacting against validated tumor associated antigens (TAAs). EO2401 includes synthetically produced HLA-A2 peptides with molecular mimicry to TAAs (IL13Rα2, BIRC5 and FOXM1) upregulated in glioblastoma, and the CD4 helper peptide UCP2.

Methods

Patients with glioblastoma at first progression after radiotherapy/temozolomide received EO2401 with nivolumab (EN), or EN with bevacizumab within trial EOGBM1-18 (NCT04116658). Blood collection was performed at baseline and then every two or four weeks. Immune responses were investigated either directly on cryopreserved PBMCs without stimulation (ex vivo), or after 12 days in vitro stimulation (IVS) using tetramer staining, IFNg ELISpot and intracellular cytokine staining. The study was approved by all participating institution's Ethics Boards.

Results

Immune monitoring in EO2401 vaccinated patients demonstrates the ability of bacterial peptides to induce a strong CD8+ T cell response with cross-reactivity against human selected TAAs. Immune response against the 3 microbiome-derived peptides is demonstrated for 28 of 29 investigated patients using ELISpot after IVS. Post vaccination frequency of CD8+ T cells against bacterial peptide after IVS is extremely high, with a median of 5.5% of specific CD8+ T cells for EO2316 (max 18%), 16% for EO2317 (max 46%) and 14% (max 40%) for EO2318. Cross-reactivity against the pool of human peptides is demonstrated in 27/28 patients using ELISpot after IVS and validated using tetramer staining against BIRC5 and FOXM1. Polyfunctionality of CD8+ T cells effectors is supported by frequent expression of CD107a as well as IFN-g and TNF-a production after stimulation. Ex vivo, CD8+ T cells against at least one of the EO2401 peptides are detected in 26/28 evaluable patients with some patients exhibiting up to 5% of circulating specific CD8+ T cells. Memory specific CD8+ T cells response are found as early as two weeks after the first vaccination and maintenance of a strong and stable immune response could be detected for more than 10 months. CD4+ T cell response against the UCP2 helper peptide is demonstrated using IFN-g ELISpot after IVS.

Conclusions

EO2401 vaccine demonstrates ability to generate fast and durable immune responses in patients treated with E02401/nivolumab +/- bevacizumab. Activation of specific T cells cross-reacting against commensal antigens and TAAs is thereby validated as an efficient approach to activate strong immune responses in a difficult to treat tumor with low neoantigen expression and poor T cell priming.

Trial Registration

NCT04116658

Ethics Approval

This study has obtained an ethics approval (Dana Farber Cancer Institute IRB: iRIS number 438532) and all participants gave informed consent before taking part.
[Effects of CCK-8 of hypothalamus on antral motility in rats].

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Cholecystokinin-octapeptide (CCK-8) of 10 ng were injected into lateral hypothalamus (LH) and ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) in conscious rats, both of which brought about inhibition of antral motility recorded by a strain gauge, the actions were partly antagonised by bilateral vagotomy, but blocked by intravenous infusion of atropine or regitine. It is suggested that both vagus and sympathetic nerves be involved in mediation of function of central CCK-8. In addition, the unit spontaneous discharges of neurons in vagal nuclei were attenuated while CCK-8 injected into LH. On the contrary, the antral motility was stimulated markedly by injection CCK-8-antiserum into LH, indicating that the endogenous CCK-8 in this area exercises a continuous restraint on antral motility in the basal state. CCK-8 cells both in LH and VMH were visualized by PAP method. It may be reasonable to refer this as the histological basis of the identical function on antral motility exercised by CCK-8 both in LH and VMH.
[Strategies of genome-wide association study based on high-throughput sequencing].

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have been playing an important role on human complex diseases. Generally speaking, GWAS tries to detect the relationship between genome-wide genetic variants and measurable traits in the population level. Although fruitful, array-based GWASs still exist some problems, for example, the so-called missing heritability--significantly associated SNPs can only explain a small part of phenotypic variation. Other problems include that, in some traits, significantly associated SNPs in one study are hard to be repeated by other studies; and that the functions of significantly associated SNPs are often difficult to interpret. High-throughput sequencing, also known as next-generation sequencing (NGS), could be one of the most promising technologies to solve those problems by quickly producing accurate variations in a high-throughput way. NGS-based GWASs (NGS-GWAS), to some extent, provide a better solution compared with traditional array-based GWASs. We systematically review the strategies and methods for NGS-GWASs, pick out the most feasible and efficient strategies and methods for NGS-GWASs, and discuss their applications in personalized medicine.
Photoluminescent temperature sensor based on borate and phosphate glasses doped with copper clusters

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The research of the luminescent properties of the inorganic glasses doped with copper molecular clusters that can be used as a sensitive medium of the temperature sensors is presented. The luminescent spectra of the borate and phosphate glasses in the temperature range 77-623 K are examined. The big luminescent thermochromism for borate glasses is observed: from 293K to 623K the luminescent band shift is found out to be 110nm.
Impact of restaurant table type and party size on meal duration and spending.

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Restaurateurs seeking to maximize revenues should look carefully at how long their tables are occupied and how much the average diner spends. This study seeks to find out whether table type (e.g., high seat, bar top table, booth seats, etc) and party size has measurable effects on meal duration and spending, which were combined to compute average spending per minute per person (SPMPP).
Silence, power and communication in the operating room

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Title. Silence, power and communication in the operating room. Aim. This paper is a report of a study conducted to explore whether a 1‐ to 3‐minute preoperative interprofessional team briefing with a structured checklist was an effective way to support communication in the operating room. Background. Previous research suggests that nurses often feel constrained in their ability to communicate with physicians. Previous research on silence and power suggests that silence is not only a reflection of powerlessness or passivity, and that silence and speech are not opposites, but closely interrelated. Methods. We conducted a retrospective study of silences observed in communication between nurses and surgeons in a multi‐site observational study of interprofessional communication in the operating room. Over 700 surgical procedures were observed from 2005–2007. Instances of communication characterized by unresolved or unarticulated issues were identified in field notes and analysed from a critical ethnography perspective. Findings. We identified three forms of recurring ‘silences’: absence of communication; not responding to queries or requests; and speaking quietly. These silences may be defensive or strategic, and they may be influenced by larger institutional and structural power dynamics as well as by the immediate situational context. Conclusions. There is no single answer to the question of why ‘nobody said anything’. Exploring silences in relation to power suggests that there are multiple and complex ways that constrained communication is produced in the operating room, which are essential to understand in order to improve interprofessional communication and collaboration.
Development of analytical model for predicting compressive behavior of engineered cementitious composites‐concrete encased steel composite columns

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Analytical models which can reliably predict the load–deformation behaviors and the ultimate strength of columns are indispensable tools for the practical design. In this paper, an analytical model is developed to predict the compressive load–deformation behavior and the ultimate capacity of engineered cementitious composite confined concrete encased steel (ECC‐CES) composite columns. The proposed analytical model employs the effective material stress and strain compatibility approaches for the predictions of compressive load–deformation response of ECC‐CES columns. The material constitutive models for ECC, concrete, and steel are first established, and then used in the analytical model. The effect of ECC and steel confinement on the concrete core and the softening behavior of steel column due to compression buckling are also considered. Based on the experimental results, appropriate strength reduction factors are proposed so that the effective material stresses can be calculated. The strength predictions from the proposed analytical methods and different design codes are compared with the experimental and numerical results. It was found that the proposed analytical models using effective material stresses gave better predictions than many commonly used design codes.
Urgensi Nilai-Nilai Keislaman Dalam Pencegahan Bullying di Min 13 Nagan Raya

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The school institution acts as a forum to support and implement education and also as a place for the learning process to occur. Education is a means to develop the ability to create a smart nation's life and shape the behavior of students who are faithful and devoted to the creator. However, currently, the development of the world of education is not as it should be, it can be seen from the various problems that occur in the education line, especially bullying behavior. Therefore, this study aims to find out the cultivation of Islamic values and the factors that influence the cultivation of Islamic values in preventing bullying in madrasas. This research is a field research that uses a qualitative approach. The subject of this research uses the purposive sampling technique, where data collection uses observation, interview, and documentation techniques. Then the data analysis techniques used are data reduction, presentation, and verification. The results showed that the cultivation of Islamic values in preventing bullying at MIN 13 Nagan Raya is carried out by instilling moral values, aqidah values, and worship values. Moral values are instilled through exemplary and habituation approaches (shaking hands at the gate and Muhazarah). The value of aqidah is instilled through tawhid character education with madrasah and a touch of the Quran. The value of worship is instilled through a habituation approach (Tahfidz qur'an and wired Yasin). The supporting factors for the cultivation of Islamic values in bullying prevention at MIN 13 Nagan Raya are the involvement of the principal and collaboration between parents and teachers. Meanwhile, the inhibiting factors for the cultivation of Islamic values in preventing bullying at MIN 13 Nagan Raya are inadequate facilities and infrastructure and a lack of collaboration between teachers.
'Farming Today This Week': Farm visits

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

There are growing calls for school children to learn about farming and food production as a core element of the national curriculum. Currently, farm visits are optional and dependant on the willingness of the school or the local authority. Charlotte Smith hears from researchers who say that farming could be used to teach a wide range of subjects, including maths, science, geography and history. Contributed as interviewee.
Topic Areas to Consider When Planning Transition From High School to Postsecondary Education for Students With Autism Spectrum Disorders

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

For many individuals with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attending and completing postsecondary education is a viable option. However, success in postsecondary education for these individuals may require more planning and ongoing support than students without an ASD. This article provides educators and transition support personnel with a range of topics to consider when working with students with ASD and their families to develop a comprehensive transition plan. These topic areas include career exploration, academic goal setting and preparation, assessing and knowing learning styles, self-advocacy skills, reasonable accommodations, academic supports, interagency collaboration, technology, and time management skills.
Beyond Deterrence

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Part I of this essay reviews cases of deterrence failure and assesses the political, psychological, and practical obstacles to the success of deterrence. The evidence suggests that the utility of deterrence is limited to a narrow range of cases. It is appropriate only when leaders are motivated largely by “opportunity” rather than by “need,” have the political freedom to exercise restraint, are not misled by grossly distorted assessments of the political‐military situation, and are vulnerable to the kind of threats a deterrer can make. Deterrence must also be practiced early on, before an adversary commits itself to a challenge and becomes correspondingly insensitive to warnings that its action is likely to meet with retaliation. Unless these conditions are met, deterrence will at most be ineffective and at worst counterproductive. Part II examines deterrence successes and those cases where deterrence might have succeeded had it been attempted. A case‐by‐case review makes it apparent that there are few unambiguous examples of the success of deterrence. Inevitably, proponents of deterrence resort to counterfactual reasoning to allege that deterrence would have worked had it been tried. A review of these arguments suggests that they too are frequently open to multiple interpretation. Because the evidence of success is ambiguous and because deterrence can be ineffective, uncertain, and risky, it must be supplemented by other strategies of conflict management. Part III looks beyond deterrence to strategies of “reassurance” that might substitute for or complement deterrence and reduce some of its obvious risks. Strategies of reassurance presume ongoing hostility but, unlike deterrence, root the source of that
Sustainable Accountability: a Dualist Vedic Perspective

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

<p>This thesis offers a theory of sustainable accountability informed by Vedic philosophy. Although Vedic philosophy is often described as the philosophy of ancient India, this thesis will explain how relative factors, such as time and place, do not exclude one from experiencing the taste of what is described as the ripened fruit of the tree that is the Vedic literatures. The implications the Vedas have for sustainability stem mainly from their alternative notions of the self and its needs. The Vedas hold that upon a correct evaluation of the needs of the self, an individual will be completely satisfied and will therefore not desire to live and consume in a way that is destructive to their surrounding environment and its inhabitants. Within the Vedic paradigm there are two main divisions of thought - the dualist and non-dualist schools of philosophy. Because they differ in their conceptions of the self, these schools differ markedly in their notions of accountability, welfare and theories of sustainability and social change. Within the social accounting literature, a non-dualist theory of sustainable accountability has been given by Saravanamuthu (2006), but a dualist opinion has not yet been presented. This thesis seeks to introduce dualist Vedic philosophy and its theory of sustainability, and describe how a system of accountability could be constructed upon such a philosophy. In the past, academic scholarship has frowned upon sacred forms of knowledge such as the Vedas, and has considered their claims to be unverifiable. Therefore this thesis also asserts, using arguments from the critical realist ontology, that sacred forms of knowledge such as the Vedas should be admissible in academic circles.</p>
System justification theory

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

System justification theory was first proposed by social psychologists John Jost and Mahzarin Banaji (1994). Along with Jackman's (1994) paternalism theory, which emerged around the same time, system justification theory was inspired by the observation that in many cases status relations within unequal and oppressive societies are rather non‐conflictual. This notable absence of strife between unequal groups challenges traditional notions of group competition, which takes for granted an ongoing struggle over limited resources characterized by in‐group solidarity and out‐group rejection. Building on Marx, Gramsci, and Habermas, system justification proposed a social psychological account of false consciousness and hegemonial ideology, which serve to mute group conflict and justify existing inequality.
Participal adjectives: English students' perception

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Participles can function both as verbs and as adjectives and that gives rise to many borderline cases of participial words. There have been many tests created for the purpose of distinguishing between participial adjectives and participles as verbs, but none of them are comprehensive enough for this purpose to be fulfilled. Among the two types, passive participles are semantically closer to adjectives, as opposed to active participles, whose more verbal sense lessens their adjectival potential. The present study examined how undergraduate students of English perceive active (-ing) and passive (-ed) participles and what factors influence their perception. The results showed that passive participles are considered more adjectival than their active counterparts, as well as that participles as premodifiers are considered more adjectival than the postmodifying ones.
Unravelling the epigenomic, transcriptomic and cognitive interplay in Down syndrome

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The presence of an extra copy of Human Chromosome 21 (HSA21) in Down syndrome (DS) is one of the most complex genetic perturbations compatible with life and is the most common genetic cause of intellectual disability. Here, we performed the first comprehensive assessment of the cell-specific molecular changes that occur in the hippocampus of a mouse model of DS, Ts65Dn, by characterizing the transcriptome of tens of thousands of individual hippocampal neurons in parallel. This analysis revealed that the perturbations caused by the trisomy on the transcriptome are highly dependent on cellular identity, and led to the identification of genes, processes and cell composition alterations possibly involved in the DS pathogenetic mechanisms that were previously missed in bulk studies. Among them, we have unveiled the involvement of the long non-coding RNA gene Snhg11, specifically downregulated in the trisomic dentate gyrus, in adult neurogenesis and hippocampal-dependent cognitive phenotypes. We also identified a disruption of chromatin state that could contribute to the observed genome-wide transcriptional alterations and interfere with the patterns of gene expression required for memory formation. In particular, we found a marked decrease of the global histone acetylation levels in the trisomic hippocampus accompanied by a decrease of chromatin accessibility at gene promoters. Importantly, administering trisomic mice with a histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) rescued histone hypoacetylation and restored expression of the memory-related Arc gene upon learning. In line with these results, the administration of HDACi also led to a total recovery of long-term recognition memory in trisomic mice.