jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Completeness of statutory notification for acute bacterial meningitis.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Several different sources of data, including statutory notifications, were used to identify cases of acute bacterial meningitis in childhood in a defined population. Only half the cases of meningococcal meningitis and less than one quarter of ofther types of bacterial meningitis had been notified. Notified cases differed from the remainder with respect to causative organism, age, outcome, and type of hospital of admission. Thus notifications are an unreliable measure of incidence for this disease, and studies of infectious disease based on notified cases alone should be interpreted with considerable reserve. It is suggested that infectious-disease surveillance should be both clinical and microbiological and that data from different sources need to co-ordinated. The reason for reporting each disease (or organism) should be specified and and reviewed periodically.
The Office of Innovation: As Core Initiative to Bolster Novel Pharmaceutical Products-The Cuban Approach

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Regulatory agencies across the Latin American Region have strengthened the regulatory science through the development of new tools, standards and various other related parameters to evaluate and assess safety, efficacy, quality and performance. The former have been implemented to promote and incorporate new drugs and technologies, which still, are a challenge to well-established regulatory frameworks. Furthermore, in today&rsquo;s environment, the existing regulatory framework protecting public&rsquo;s health creates barriers for market entry of novel drugs and medical devices. This article aims to the pioneering work that Cuban Regulatory Agency (CECMED) has been developing with the aim to build a strong regulatory framework geared to accelerated innovation and the successful transition from research and development to clinical development. The Office of Innovation recently established at the CECMED is the first flagship in Latin America and the Caribbean region. Its aim is to play a leading role as a driving force for the national and regional biopharmaceutical innovation. This article will discuss the Office of Innovation its conceptualisation and management taking into account the Latin American regional and national Cuban context.
Exploring the potential for an alternative teacher education programme for pre-service teacher education in the Environmental Related Activities Curriculum in Sri Lanka through the Problem Based Learning approach used in one university in New Zealand : a thesis presented in fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of Doctor of Education at Massey University, Palmerston North

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The researcher’s aim was to explore the potential for an alternative teacher education \nprogramme for the Environment Related Activities Primary Pre-service Teacher \nEducation curriculum on the basis of the Problem Based Learning approach as used in \nthe Integrated Curriculum: Science and Technology course conducted by one University \nin New Zealand. \nIn this study, three methods of data collection were used in order to understand the main \nfeatures of the Problem Based Learning approach used in the above course. Semistructured \ninterviews helped to capture the ideas from teacher educators involved in this \nparticular course. To triangulate the data, a questionnaire was used to obtain the \nstudents’ views on the Problem Based Learning approach and how it helped them in \npreparing to be quality teachers in the integrated primary school curriculum in New \nZealand. Further, the researcher carried out a document analysis on several curriculum \nmaterials found in New Zealand and Sri Lanka. \nFrom this study, the researcher found that the Problem Based Learning approach used in \nthis particular primary teacher education course is a curriculum model based on the \nprinciples of constructive learning theories. The Problem Based Learning approach used \nproblems as a context for students to acquire knowledge, and the students were actively \nengaged in learning which is authentic to the environment as all problem scenarios are \nfrom real life contexts. \nThe Environment Related Activities primary curriculum in Sri Lanka consists of major \nthemes and learning activities focus on learning through the environment. All themes \nare related to the everyday life of the children. Similarly, in New Zealand, the primary \nschool curriculum is based on an integrated approach. From this study, the researcher \nfound that the Problem Based Learning approach used at one university in New \nZealand, suits the integrated nature of the primary school curriculum in New Zealand. \nTherefore, the researcher highlights the main features of Problem Based Learning \napproach and explores the potential for an alternative teacher education programme for \nthe Environmental Related Activities Primary Pre-Service teacher education curriculum \nin Sri Lanka.
The Effect of Philosophy Education for Children (P4C) on Students' Conceptual Achievement and Critical Thinking Skills: A Mixed Method Research

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The research aims to investigate the effect of philosophy education for children in social studies course on students' conceptual success and critical thinking skills. Sequential descriptive model, one of the mixed methods research approaches, was used in this study. The study group of the research consists of 64 students studying in 5th grade in a secondary school affiliated with the Ministry of National Education located within the provincial borders of Istanbul city. The students included in the study group studied in the same primary school. The students were randomly selected by the researcher considering their primary school grade score averages, gender characteristics and their economic conditions. Quantitative data of the study were collected using Conceptual Achievement Exam and Critical Thinking Skills Scale, on the other hand qualitative data was collected using Semi-Structured Interview Form. In order to reveal the effects of philosophy education practices for children on students' conceptual success and critical thinking skills, a 10-week practice was conducted in the context of “Technology and Life” unit in 5th-grade social studies course book. Quantitative data of the research were analyzed with SPSS package program, and qualitative data were analyzed with MAXQDA program. According to the results of the research, before practices of Philosophy Education for Children, no significant difference was found between mean rank of experimental group's Conceptual Achievement Exam and Critical Thinking Skills Scale pre-test scores and control group's Conceptual Achievement Exam and Critical Thinking Skills Scale pre-test scores. After the practices of Philosophy Education for Children, a significant difference was found between mean rank of experimental group's Conceptual Achievement Exam and Critical Thinking Skills Scale post-test scores and control group's Conceptual Achievement Exam and Critical Thinking Skills' post-test scores on behalf of the experimental group. Experimental group students made a comprehensive evaluation of practices of philosophy education for children. The students stated that philosophy practices for children not only improved their skills in different ways but influenced their critical thinking and also creative, social, verbal and empathy skills as well.
Exploring Potential for Information Technology Innovation in Nonprofit Organizations

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This article investigated user perceptions of innovative information technology. A qualitative analysis of information technology innovation award applications submitted by a variety of nonprofits was conducted to explore two research questions: (a) in what areas of organizational functioning can information technology innovations be implemented, and (b) what are the expected benefits associated with the implementation of those information technology innovations? The results showed that technological innovations can occur in administrative, service, and marketing areas; and that the applicants believed that those innovations have a potential to provide numerous positive benefits. Those benefits were associated with clients and programs, internal and external functioning, fundraising and financial aspects, and public image and relationships with stakeholders. Human service organizations proposed the highest numbers of IT innovations in the administrative and technological areas.
Death, Dying, and the Human Rights Act 1998

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Death, Dying, and the Human Rights Act 1998 Get access Michael Freeman Michael Freeman Professor of English Law University College London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Current Legal Problems, Volume 52, Issue 1, 1999, Pages 218–238, https://doi.org/10.1093/clp/52.1.218 Published: 01 December 1999
Residents perception analysis of tourism traits and its impact on prospects of Jharkhand tourism

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Jharkhand is popular for tribal culture and uniqueness of its inherent natural beauty attributing significantly on Tourism Industry of Jharkhand. There has been visible change and impact on socio-economic factor because of tourist influx in the Jharkhand state. The inherent beauty and nature has made the state popular for tourism. The attraction towards various important tourist spots revolves mostly within the domestic tourism. The paper attempts to ascertain the impact of tourism traits, like economic Development, Cost of living, Infrastructure Development, Socio-Cultural and the Environment affect through primary data collected from the responses of residents of six dominant tourist circuits of Jharkhand. The respondent’s views were ascertained on five-point Likert Scale. The data so collected was subjected to analysis for identifying the impact of various tourism traits on the prospects of Jharkhand Tourism.
An Inquiry-Based Introduction to Molecular Biology

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

AN attraction of genetics instruction has traditionally been in its inquiry-based approach. More recently, the emphasis in genetics research and instruction has undergone a transition from examination of phenotypes to analyses of the macromolecules important for encoding (DNA) and decoding (RNA) information and regulation of information processing. With the incorporation of handson molecular biology into both secondary school and introductory level undergraduate curricula, the fascination with technology need not replace the inquiry-based approach long associated with genetics. Many students are currently introduced to molecular biology by running gels that allow them to ‘‘see’’ DNA. A demonstration of the technique of electrophoretic separation often takes precedence over the process of posing and answering questions using scientific reasoning. Kits are sold that include the hardware and reagents for running DNA gels and many include restriction endonucleases for fragmenting DNA. But, in the most common introductory molecular exercises, students ‘‘look’’ at uncut and cut DNA, and possibly measure fragment sizes, activities that are essentially observational, descriptive and intellectually passive for the students. The purpose of this report is to show that molecular biology, even in an introductory experience, can be presented in a more scientific framework. In fact, more can be done with less, in a more investigative setting! To highlight investigative approaches, two themes will be emphasized: a deductive determination of the nature of the nucleic acids visualized in a gel, and a comparison of different genomes. Why should students be asked to ‘‘take it on faith’’ that what they view on a gel is DNA? With the use of simple DNA preparations to isolate total nucleic acids and inexpensive nucleases, students can examine and distinguish both DNA and RNA. A simple, inexpensive two-hour DNA mini-prep using higher plant material will provide high-quality DNA, preserve the various RNAs in usable form, and will not be destructive to the organism (Murray & Thompson 1980). The
Catalogue of metallography results from excavations at SJM 3 Posthustorvet, Ribe

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

This catalogue reports the examination of Iron samples from excavations at SJM 3 Posthustorvet, Ribe using a metallurgical reflected-light microscope (Zeiss AX10, Observer A1m with magnifying 100x/0.8 HD, housed at the School of Engineering, NAVITAS/Aarhus University). Images of the microstructures observed were recorded as optical micrographs using the Zen software. The results are summarized with detailed descriptions of individual samples. The results are discussed in the appended bookchapter, published in the monograph "Northern Emporium II: The Networks of Viking Age Ribe" (Jutland Archaeological Society 2023).
CoWriter : converting openoffice.org writer into a real-time collaborative word processor

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Single-user applications are very familiar to us in the daily life. As a rapidly increasing number of people are working together on same tasks and actively share information among them, there is a growing demand in collaborative applications. Enabling single-user applications to support multi-user collaboration has the great potential to improve the usefulness application and hence increase the efficiency. In this project, a real-time multi-user application, CoWriter, is investigated and developed from a single-user word processor, OpenOffice.org. The Transparent Adaptation (TA) approach has been adopted in this project. Generally, TA adapts the application programming interface to the operational model that is supported by the core collaboration techniques, which is known as Operational Transformation (OT). It is based on the single-user application and its application programming interface to convert user inputs into Adapted Operations (AO), which will be replayed at the remote side to achieve consistency. Moreover, CoWriter is integrated with Generic Collaborative Engine, which implements OT techniques, the generic Session Manager, which is in charge of managing collaborative editing sessions, and Collaborative Document Repository Browser, which provides a user interface for clients.
New Aramaic Dedicatory Inscription from Israel

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The authors publish a fragmentary Aramaic dedicatory inscription, probably from the region of Jericho, notable for the unusual title, resh ẓibbura, “leader of the community”. All aspects of the inscription are analyzed, including syntax and palaeography. The text can be translated as follows: ‘… which Zyyg, the son of Mari, the Head of the Community of … (Jericho? Ariach? Diran? ‘our dwelling’?), had built, and [i.e., together with] Shalti and Rabbi and his wife.’
Developments in Anti-Trafficking Efforts: 2008–2011

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Human trafficking has drawn increasing public attention since the early 2000s, accompanied by significant developments in anti-trafficking efforts (ATEs) around the world. Focusing on ATE developments since 2008, this article provides statistical data on 586 governmental, intergovernmental, and nongovernmental agencies and organizations engaged in ATE, including their geographical bases and areas of operation, and the types of trafficking and victims on which these actors' ATEs are focused. Second, this article analyzes changes between 2008 and 2011 in the prevalence and robustness of eight types of ATEs: (a) research; (b) policy advocacy; (c) awareness-raising; (d) prevention; (e) intervention; (f) law enforcement; (g) restoration; and (h) equipping. Data for this developmental analysis were gathered through an 85-measure structured content analysis of the Web sites from a panel of approximately 150 geographically diverse agencies and organizations, sampled purposively from a pool of over 586 actors. Findings evidence large increases in the prevalence and robustness of reported ATEs in research, awareness-raising, prevention, and restoration and moderate increases in intervention, enforcement, equipping, and advocacy. Findings are also reported by geographical region, pointing to substantial increases in restoration and enforcement in South America, equipping in the Caribbean, and enforcement in Southeast Asia.
Electrostatic interactions and stability of dusty plasmas and the multicomponent Ornstein–Zernike equation

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Using the Ornstein–Zernike integral fluid equation for multi-component plasma, the dielectric properties and thermodynamical stability of dusty plasmas are studied. For the most non-ideal dust plasma subsystem, a transition to the one-component approximation is carried out. It is shown that the effective pseudopotential for determining the correlation functions in the selected subsystem should not include the contribution of this subsystem to the screening constant but also take into account the condition of total plasma quasineutrality. It is demonstrated that when the coupling parameter of the dust subsystem is smaller than unity, Γ00 &lt; 1, the interaction potential between the charged plasma particles is fairly well described by the Debye potential with a full screening constant. For Γ00 &gt; 1, the static dielectric function in the long wavelength domain becomes negative, and this domain expands when Γ00 increases. This leads to the appearance of attraction of particles with charges of the same sign and repulsion of particles with charges of the opposite sign. In this case, both the total pressure and the isothermal compressibility in the entire studied range of the coupling parameter Γ00 &lt; 250 remain positive, but the isothermal compressibility of the dust subsystem becomes negative at Γ00 ≈ 2 within the studied range of variation of the plasma parameters. The sign of the derivative of the chemical potential with respect to the total number of dust particles, the positiveness of which is the third condition for the thermodynamic stability, is shown to coincide with the sign of the isothermal compressibility of the dust subsystem. Therefore, it is concluded that the equilibrium dusty plasma at Γ00 &gt; 2 is thermodynamically unstable.
Sustainability Evaluation of the Doughnut Economics: A Bibliometric Analysis

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Considering the lack of a comprehensive review of Doughnut Economics (DE) as an emerging sustainability evaluation framework, this study conducts a bibliometric analysis from 2012 to 2024 to reveal the research progress using CiteSpace. After introducing its connotation and summarizing its theoretical basis, accounting procedures, and urban practices, bibliometric analyses show that: (a) The “planetary boundary/ies,” “sustainable development,” and “doughnut economics” are the three most frequently co‐occurred keywords, and the similarities and differences of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and DE are presented; (b) Timeline view reveals the term climate change has the longest research history and widest citation relationships in DE research; (c) The landmark studies of Raworth, O’Neill, Steffen, and Fanning are illustrated as the most important works with the highest frequencies of co‐citations; (d) Stockholm University, Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, and University of Oxford are the top three DE research centers within environment‐related disciplines, and the authors are mainly come from the England, USA, and Germany. The results not only provide a valuable reference for researchers interested in DE but also put forward the emphasis and orientation of future studies.
A novel dual-frequency microstrip antenna with a tuning stub connected to the feedline

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, a novel dual-frequency antenna, characterized by a new feed structure adding a tuning stub to the feedline, is proposed and studied. The new structure can improve the bandwidth characteristic of the antenna at both operating bands. The frequency ratio of the two operating frequencies is tunable in the range of 1.77 to 3.55 by changing the position of the stub. Details of the design and results are presented.
PS02.114: CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF PREOPERATIVE CHEMORADIOTHERAPY FOR RESECTABLE ESOPHAGEAL CANCER PATIENTS USING PROPENSITY SCORE

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Preoperative chemoradiotherapy(CRT) for advanced resectable esophageal cancer patients is controversial in Japan, and it is different from other countries. We examine the clinical significance of it using propensity score(PS). Methods 142 patients in resectable cStageII/III/IV(TNM 6th edition) esophageal cancer patients were studied. There were 55 preoperative CRT cases (Group A), 87 patients with surgery alone(Group B). The survival was analyzed between the two groups. PS was calculated by Logistic analysis and the background factor was adjusted by the PS matching and IPTW(Inverse probability of treatment weighting) method for the preoperative CRT (Group A) vs surgery alone group (GroupB), Cox model was used to analyzed the prognostic factors. Results 1, Unmatched situation: In OS(Overall survival), no difference was found between the two groups. In DFS(Disease free survival), the prognosis of group A was better than that of group B (5 years DFS: 52.2% vs 34.55%, P < 0.05). 2, After PS matching: OS, GroupA was tended to be better(P = 0.097). DFS: the prognosis of the Group A was better (5 years DFS: 57.2 vs 28.1%, P < 0.01). With Cox analysis, the presence or absence of preoperative CRT was a significant prognostic factor. 3, After IPTW: Prognosis of group A in both OS and DFS was better (5 years OS: 77.25 vs 41.13%, P < 0.05, 5 years DFS: 76.7 vs 32.14%, P < 0.01). In Cox analysis, preoperative CRT and TNM stages were independent prognostic factors. Conclusion 1, Preoperative CRT for resectable advanced esophageal cancer is a recommended treatment by analyzing the PS. 2, IPTW and PS matching are different methods for evaluating PS, and since there is a possibility that different results may be occurred when evaluated between two groups by PS, the evaluation of it should be done more carefully. Disclosure All authors have declared no conflicts of interest.