jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Albumin-Bound Unsaturated Fatty Acids on Platelets

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Unsaturated fatty acids (FA) were bound to human albumin in a molar ratio of 2 and were then added to platelet-rich plasma (PRP), increasing the total FA concentration by 1 m<i>M</i>. Separate FA and FA paired with di-homo-γ-linolenic acid (DHLA) and arachidon-ic acid (AA), respectively, were incubated with PRP for 5 and 90 min, and platelet aggregation and platelet factor 3 (PF3) activity were measured. DHLA inhibited adenosine-diphos-phate- and collagen-induced platelet aggregation after 5 min, an effect which was enhanced after 90 min. The effects of AA, which stimulated platelet aggregation and increased PF3 activity, were partially counteracted by DHLA after 90 min. When linoleic acid and AA were incubated with PRP in equimolar concentrations for 90 min, an inhibition of collagen-induced platelet aggregation was observed which was not observed after incubation with these FA separately. This study indicates that exogenous albumin-bound AA and DHLA may be used directly by the platelet cyclo-oxygenase pathway before significant incorporation into the platelet phosphoüpids has occurred.
Sennoside contents in Senna ( Cassia angustifolia Vahl. ) as influenced by date of leaf picking, packaging material and storage period

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A field experiment was conducted in the Senna (Cassia angustifolia Vahl.) during the Rabi season of 2008 to 2009 in the Dusty Area of the Department of Crop and Herbal Physiology, Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya. The experiment was carried out in a complete randomized design asymmetrical factorial with three treatments and three replications. C. angustifolia leaves were picked at three different stages of growth period viz. 90, 110 and 130 DAS (days after sowing) with different type of packaging material and storage period. The Sennoside A and B were determined by High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography. The Sennoside A and B content were found to be highest in leaf picking stage of 90 DAS followed by 130 and 110. Maximum contents of Sennoside A and B were estimated in black polythene followed by aluminum foil bag and transparent polythene.

Key words: Senna, Cassia angustifolia, Sennoside A and B, leaf picking stage, HPTLC.
MobiAssist - ICT-based Training System for People with Dementia and Their Caregivers

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

As a result of ageing societies, the prevalence of dementia, and accordingly the need of care is increasing rapidly. Here, the use of ICT-based technologies may facilitate and promote a self-sustaining life-style for people with dementia and their caregivers. The presented poster describes early findings from the project MobiAssist and outlines the ICT-based training system. The system aims to increase the physical and cognitive capabilities of people with dementia, relief the caregivers and improve wellbeing of involved parties.
Prognostic markers of lymphoma development in primary Sjögren syndrome

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Sjögren syndrome is a systemic autoimmune disease that principally affects women between the fourth and sixth decades of life who present with sicca symptomatology caused by dryness of the main mucosal surfaces. The clinical spectrum of Sjögren syndrome extends from dryness to systemic involvement. Since 1978, Sjögren syndrome has been closely associated with an enhanced risk of lymphoma, one of the most severe complications a patient may develop. Primary Sjögren syndrome patients have a 10–44-fold greater risk of lymphoma than healthy individuals, higher than that reported for systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis. The close link between lymphoma and Sjögren syndrome is clearly exemplified by the very specific type of lymphoma arising in Sjögren syndrome patients, mainly low-grade B-cell lymphomas (predominantly a marginal zone histological type) with primary extranodal involvement of the major salivary glands (overwhelmingly parotid), with a primordial role of cryoglobulinemic-related markers (both clinical and immunological). The most recent studies support a higher number of risk factors detected in an individual leads to a higher lymphoma risk. A close follow-up of high-risk groups with longitudinal assessments of all known risk factors, including cryoglobulin-related markers and EULAR Sjögren's syndrome disease activity index measurement in particular, is mandatory.
Prophets of the posthuman: American fiction, biotechnology, and the ethics of personhood

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Prophets of the Posthuman provides a fresh and original reading of fictional narratives that raise the question of what it means to be human in the face of rapidly developing bioenhancement technologies. Christina Bieber Lake argues that works by Nathaniel Hawthorne, Walker Percy, Flannery O'Connor, Toni Morrison, George Saunders, Marilynne Robinson, Raymond Carver, James Tiptree, Jr., and Margaret Atwood must be reevaluated in light of their contributions to larger ethical questions. Drawing on a wide range of sources in philosophical and theological ethics, Lake argues that these writers share a commitment to maintaining a category of personhood more meaningful than that allowed by utilitarian ethics. Prophets of the Posthuman insists that because technology can never ask whether we should do something that we have the power to do, literature must step into that role. Each of the chapters of this interdisciplinary study sets up a typical ethical scenario regarding human enhancement technology and then illustrates how a work of fiction uniquely speaks to that scenario, exposing a realm of human motivations that might otherwise be overlooked or simplified. Through the vision of the writers she discusses, Lake uncovers a deep critique of the ascendancy of personal autonomy as America's most cherished value. This ascendancy, coupled with technology's glamorous promises of happiness, helps to shape a utilitarian view of persons that makes responsible ethical behavior toward one another almost impossible. Prophets of the Posthuman charts the essential role that literature must play in the continuing conversation of what it means to be human in a posthuman world.
Toxoplasma gondii -Associated Guillain-Barre Syndrome in an Immunocompetent Patient

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT We report a case of Guillain-Barré syndrome associated with an acute, disseminated toxoplasmosis due to a new and unknown zymodeme (zymodeme 12) in an immunocompetent patient. The patient’s condition improved with pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine. Only the standard treatment for toxoplasmosis was effective, whereas intravenous immunoglobulins were ineffective.
Evaluation of Leaf and Root Extracts of Melia dubia L. against Larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus and Five Important Human Pathogens

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Mosquito larvicidal activity and antimicrobial screening of ethyl acetate extract of leaves and root of Melia dubia belongs to the family of Meliaceae have been evaluated in the present study. Exposure of the larvae to these extracts for 12 hours led to 98 and 96% mortality, respectively. The results obtained show that this plant material exhibited significant activity and could be considered as potent natural larvicidal agent. The results of in-vitro antimicrobial screening of the crude ethyl acetate extract exhibited a wide range of activity on E.coli, Salmonella typhi, S. paratyphi, Klebsilla penemonia, Staphylococcus aureus. The extracts of the leaves and root inhibited the growth of K. pneumonia, E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus while only the leaf extract was active against S. typhi and S. paratyphi. The results obtained in this present study have lent scientific justification to some of the uses of the plant in ethno-medicine.
The control of clinical pneumonia in calves

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

In feedlot, the respiratory disease is the most common problems. The use of an appropriate antibiotic in the treatment of respiratory disease is an important consideration to the feedlot owner and his veterinarian. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of penicillin in treatment of calves pneumonia. In this study, forty calves of 3-6 months of age with an average weight of 60 to 100 kg with pneumonia were clinically examined. Understudied calves were distributed in two groups, in control group for treatment penicillin was used, and the other group was kept as control. During the treatment phase of patients with pneumonia in control and experimental group, sterile swabs was taken from the lower part of the urt of infected patients, and simultaneous with antibiotic therapy, the taken sterile swabs were undergoes bacteriological examination and types of bacteria was characterized. Statistical results indicated that the treatment with penicillin decrease clinical signs significantly in comparison to control one (p
Project to increase range and population size of the priority species

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The project's target species, the Gran Canaria Blue Chaffinch (Fringilla polatzeki), colloquially known as "pinzul" and "pinero", is considered in the Annex I of the Birds Directive as a "priority species”. At the beginning of the project, its population was estimated to be about 300 individuals distributed between the Inagua pine forest (source population; 279 individuals, CI 95%: 195 - 430) and the Central Summit pine forests (24 individuals minimum), and by the end of the project, the population is now around 430 individuals spread out across Inagua (362 CI 95%: 257 – 489) and the Central Summit (68 CI95%: 43 – 109), according to 2019 census. The project took place in the central part of the island of Gran Canaria, where the action area is completely located within the Natura 2000 Network. The actions have been focused around the creation of a viable population of blue chaffinch in the Gran Canaria Summit, through the release of 107 individuals \nthat come from captive breeding and the wild population of Inagua, as well as the creation of ecological corridors to reduce habitat fragmentation. These corridors aim to connect the Inagua pine forest with the Summit, and the summit pine forest with Cruz de Tejeda, by the planting of 62000 canarian pines \n(Pinus canariensis) and 3000 lucerne trees (Chamaecytisus proliferus). Furthermore, there has been monitoring of the wild population and released individuals of blue chaffinch and a control of introduced predators, capturing 166 feral cats. Outreach actions have also taken place to let people know \nabout the blue chaffinch in Gran Canaria, and the LIFE+Pinzón project.
Learning using Web Application I-SOAS

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

ABSTRACT: This manuscript reviews a developed software application i.e. I-SOAS, providing conceptual as well as partial prototype support in implementing an intelligent semantic oriented solution towards the problems of multirole user interface, meta data modeling and efficient information extraction in (Desktop and Web based) Product Data Management (PDM) Systems. Going from a more general overview of the proposed approach, this manuscript presents the developed desktop and web graphical user interface of I-SOAS in detail. Going into the details, this manuscript presents each components of the developed prototype to help user in getting familiar in shortest possible time. Furthermore the information about tools and technologies (e.g. Rich Internet Application, Semantic Web, Object Oriented Programming Languages and Database etc.) used during the software development is briefly described.
Diagnosis of Infertile Freemartins in Cattle by PCR Method

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Based on the majority of freemartins in cattle are infertile and their karyotyping is XX/XY sex chromosome chimaerism, a new polymerase chain reaction (PCR) diagnostic method was developed to detect the infertile freemartins: bovine 1.715 microsatellite was used to detect the DNA quality of the suspectable cow, then, Y-chromosome DNA segment(Sry ) was amplified by PCR. If the segment of Sry gene was found in the suspectable cow, the cow was freemartin; otherwise, it was not freemartin. In comparison with other diagnostic aids including clinical observations, erythrocyte typing, and homograft tolerance, this PCR method is more efficient, less expensive, and more practical for routine early diagnosis of the bovine freemartins.
Essays on collusion with capacity constrained firms

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this dissertation is to analyze tacit collusion in infinitely repeated price-setting games with capacity constrained firms. The dissertation is comprised of three related essays. The first essay contributes to the literature on optimal penal codes in Bertrand-Edgeworth duopoly supergames. We characterize perfect equilibrium punishment paths with a 2-phase structure that achieve the security level for both firms for a wide range of parameter values. Such 2-phase punishment paths sustain collusion for values of the discount factor and the tie-breaking rule for which other paths analyzed previously in the literature do not. The second essay also examines the feasibility of tacit collusion in capacity constrained duopoly supergames. However, in order to deal with some of the conceptual and technical difficulties encountered in the Bertrand-Edgeworth supergame analyzed in the first essay, a different strategy space is assumed. In each period firms simultaneously set a price-quantity pair specifying the price for the period and the maximum quantity the firm is willing to sell at this price. Under price-quantity competition firms are able to ration their output below capacity. For a wide range of capacity pairs, the equilibrium path providing the smaller firm with its highest stationary perfect equilibrium payoff requires that it undercut its rival's price and ration demand. Furthermore, for some capacities and discount factors supporting security level punishments, price shading and rationing arise everywhere on the set of stationary perfect equilibrium paths yielding (constrained) Pareto optimal payoffs. In the third essay, we analyze infinitely repeated multiunit uniform price auctions in a symmetric oligopoly with capacity constrained firms. Under the Market Clearing and Maximum Accepted Price rules of determining the uniform price, we show that there exists a range of discount factors for which the monopoly outcome with equal sharing is sustainable in the uniform price auction, but not in the corresponding discriminatory auction. Moreover, capacity withholding may be necessary to sustain this outcome. These results are extended to the case where firms may set bids that are arbitrary step functions of price-quantity pairs with any finite number of price steps.
Study on the early detection of gastric cancer based on discrete wavelet transformation feature extraction of FT-IR spectra combined with probability neural network

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This paper introduces a new method for the early detection of gastric cancer using a combination of feature extraction based on discrete wavelet transformation (DWT) for horizontal attenuated total reflectance–Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (HATR–FT-IR) and classification using probability neural network (PNN). 344 FT-IR spectra were collected from 172 pairs of fresh normal and abnormal stomach tissue᾽s samples. After preprocessing, 5 features were extracted with DWT analysis. Based on the PNN classification, all FT-IR spectra were classified into three categories. The accuracy of identifying normal gastric tissue, early gastric cancer tissue and gastric cancer tissue samples were 100.00, 97.56 and 100.00%, respectively. This result indicated that FT-IR with DWT and PNN could effectively and easily diagnose gastric cancer in its early stages.
Reading Skill Development, Dyslexia, and Cognitive Neuroscience

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

provides high-level summaries of three research domains related to the reading of Chinese: How reading is taught and what is known about its normal development, what is known about atypical reading development (i.e., dyslexia), and what is known about the neural systems that support skilled reading. All three of these topics are discussed in relation to their counterparts in English, using the latter as a contrast to highlight similarities and differences between the reading of English versus Chinese.
Atrial Fibrillation: A Clinical Review and Comparison of Warfarin versus Dabigatran for Anticoagulation Therapy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Atrial fibrillation (AF), or AFib, is the most commonly occurring type of cardiac arrhythmia. AF is commonly referred to as an “irregularly irregular” rhythm and is defined as a supraventricular tachyarrhythmia in which an irregular electrical impulse in the upper chambers (atria) of the heart produces an uncoordinated depolarization and thus an inefficient contraction of the atria. As a result, there is a reduction in cardiac output and potential for pooling of blood in the atria which increases the risk of clot formation and mortality from a cerebrovascular accident or pulmonary embolism. AFib is a public health concern that affects up to 6 million people in the United States and is associated with more than 130,000 deaths per year. It also costs the U.S. healthcare system nearly $6 billion per year. AF becomes more prevalent with age, and with the steadily increasing elderly population worldwide, prevention and treatment of this condition becomes more important clinically and economically. Due to the immense burden on the healthcare system, there have been many advances in surgical and pharmacological modalities for treatment AF, however long-term anticoagulation therapy for prevention of thromboembolism has remained a guideline recommended treatment for AF. The goal of this article is to review the clinical aspects of atrial fibrillation including prevalence, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment, with a focus on comparing traditional anticoagulation therapy of Warfarin with the newer nonVitamin K anti-coagulant Dabigatran (Pradaxa). This article will also serve to review recently collected data from the VA Medical Center in regard to implementation of anticoagulation guidelines in the management of non-valvular AFib.
The formation of mesophase composites under influence of the coal-tar pitch during coal carbonization

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The influence of coal tar pitch on the formation of the mesophase composites from coal and pitch blends, the development of porous structure during carbonization, and the texture of matter in the pore walls has been studied using X-rays and scanning electronic microscopy (SEM). The influence of the coal-tar pitch on the structure of a coal plastic layer formed during the pyrolysis process of four Polish coals has been monitored. It was determined that, during pyrolysis of three mixtures of Z, S and K coals with coal-tar pitch, more porous composites are formed, and a denser composite is formed from P coal–pitch mixture. Based on a study of the texture of composites and carbonizates, it is suggested that during carbonization of coal Z with a coal-pitch in the plastic state there is a nematic mesophase formed, and when heating P coal–pitch mixtures, a cholesteric one is formed. Keywords: COAL-TAR PITCH ADDITIVEPYROLYSIS OF COALX-RAYSSEMNEMATIC MESOPHASECHOLESTERIC MESOPHASECOAL PLASTIC LAYER
The Painlevé property for partial differential equations. II: Bäcklund transformation, Lax pairs, and the Schwarzian derivative

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In this paper we investigate the Painlevé property for partial differential equations. By application to several well-known partial differential equations (Burgers, KdV, MKdV, Bousinesq, higher-order KdV and KP equations) it is shown that consideration of the ‘‘singular manifold’’ leads to a formulation of these equations in terms of the ‘‘Schwarzian derivative.’’ This formulation is invariant under the Moebius group (acting on dependent variables) and is shown to obtain the appropriate Lax pair (linearization) for the underlying nonlinear pde.
Knowledge and Attitudes Regarding Pain Management Among Practicing Nurses and Nursing Students

Field: Nursing (Health Sciences)

This study examined the level of knowledge and attitudes regarding pain management among practicing ADN prepared nurses and nursing students in the last year of nursing school in Associate degree programs. The literature reflects that nurses ineffectively manage patients pain due to inappropriate fears of addiction, respiratory depression, rigid attitudes regarding adequate pain relief, and misunderstanding about the physiological and psychological components of pain. The purpose of this study was to examine the level of knowledge between the two groups and identify any areas that might be opportunities for increased knowledge in the area of pain and pain management. Two theories guided the study. The first was the “gate control theory of pain” (Melzack, 1973), and the second was Erickson, Tomlin and Swain’s (1983) theory of modeling and role-modeling. Each of these theories supported the idea that each individual’s pain is unique to that person, and the nurse must accept the patient’s report of pain and intervene based on the client’s perspective. Data was collected from three southwest Kansas community colleges and the acute care facility in each of those towns. Demographic information was collected in conjunction with a tool developed by McCaffery (1987) testing knowledge and attitudes regarding pain management. Descriptive statistics were used to examine the scores for each group and ANOVA was performed to confirm there was no significant difference between the two groups scores. The practicing nurses (N=56) scored 69.125 on the tool and the nursing students (N=56) scored 69.017. The participants in this study hold some of the “standard” incorrect beliefs on addiction and respiratory depression, which may stem from misinformation and attitudinal bias. Findings do indicate, however, that nurses lack information in pain management that is not necessarily tied to myths or bias. Correcting this lack of information with factual knowledge will assist in developing the nurse’s knowledge base and improve the understanding and practice of pain management.
Calcium and Phosphorus Content Of Exotic, Local and Frozen Chicken

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The study set out to determine the calcium and phosphorus contents of Light (breast) and Dark (thigh) muscle. In the light muscle, calcium was higher in the local, followed by the frozen then the exotic chicken having an average of 0.05%with a range of 0.05%-0. 06% and an average of 0.7% with a range of 0.06%-0. 09%. The means of the light muscle of the local and frozen chicken were not significantly (p>0.05) different from each other but were significantly higher(p0.05) difference between the calcium content of local and frozen chicken but both were significantly (p0.05) difference between the phosphorus of both the light and the dark muscles of the samples. There were both within and between breed differences as well as tissue differences in the content of minerals in chicken muscle. The calcium and phosphorus content of the local chicken places it in a very vintage position to compete favorably with frozen and exotic chicken. Key words: Calcium, Phosphorus, local, exotic and frozen chicken. Journal of Agriculture, Forestry and the Social Sciences Vol.2(1) 2004: 58-64