jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Estimation of ice shelf front changes using MODIS data and statistical approach

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The Ronne ice shelf (RIS) dynamics and mass balance play key role to decipher changes in the global climate scenario. The spatio-temporal changes in ice shelf extent of the RIS were studied by dividing the study area into three sectors (I, II, II) and further into a number of transects at 5 km uniform intervals using multi-dated Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectro-radiometer (MODIS) satellite data (2004–2019) of the austral summer months (January–March). The average of rates (AOR), end point rate (EPR), and linear regression (LR) methods were used to estimate the rate of change in RIS extent. Based on the analysis, Sector II shows prominent changes, hence further detailed study has been carried out in this sector. The study reveals that the RIS extent has been prograded at the rate of 11 km/year to 26 km/year in 2019 with maximum increase of 26 km at TR63. Based on all the three methods, ice shelf extent shows a progradation in almost all transects. The RIS bounded by Lassiter coast (LC) and Berkner Island (BI) recorded advancement in the ice shelf extents which is the feedback of morphological features like ice rise, small inlets along the ice shelf. The present study demonstrates that the combined use of satellite imagery and statistical techniques can be useful in quantifying ice shelf morphological variability.
Near-field acoustic holography for enclosures with unknown Green’s functions

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A method for predicting the acoustic field in acoustically complex cavities is developed based upon current near-field acoustic holography (NAH) techniques. Current NAH methods make use of analytical Green’s functions to generate predictions of global acoustic fields. For this reason, NAH is easily applied to generate predictions in free fields, and in cavities with simple geometries and uniform boundary impedances. For acoustically complex cavities, however, the absence of a known analytical Green’s function, renders current NAH methods either not solvable, or in cases where approximate Green’s functions are used, not accurate. The method requires no prior knowledge of the acoustically complex cavity’s Green’s function. As well, no approximations about the boundary conditions are required. Instead, the method takes advantage of the discrete nature of NAH predictions, in conjunction with an initial measurement of a cavities acoustic pressure field, to generate a cavity specific discrete Green’s function. Computational and experimental results will be presented along with a detailed explanation of the method. [Work supported by NASA Langley Research Center.]
Implementation of MBKM Program in the Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, UNP

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The implementation of the MBKM Program in the Civil Engineering Department at FT UNP was investigated to analyze its effectiveness and challenges. This descriptive qualitative study aimed to explore how the program is executed, the obstacles encountered by students, and the advantages it offers. Through interviews with six MBKM participant students and three department lecturers, data analysis revealed 17 codes, 10 sub-themes, and four main themes, including MBKM programs and activities, experiences and skills, administrative concerns, and challenges faced. The findings underscored the program's positive impact on students' skill enhancement, practical exposure, and holistic understanding of professional environments. Participation in activities such as PMM, Kampus Mengajar, and Magang Merdeka facilitated practical experiences, networking, and skill development, albeit challenges like administrative issues and credit conversion were identified. Overall, the MBKM Program significantly contributes to students' personal and professional growth, emphasizing the importance of effective coordination between stakeholders to optimize its implementation.
Temporal Gene Expression Analysis of Monolayer\nCultured Rat Hepatocytes

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The use of cultured primary hepatocytes within toxicology has proven to be a valuable tool\nfor researchers, however, questions remain with regard to functional differences observed in\nthese hepatocytes relative to the intact liver. Cultured hepatocytes have typically been described\nas dedifferentiated, a classification based upon the investigation of a few key cellular processes\nor hepatocellular markers. In the present study, parallel expression monitoring of approximately\n8700 rat genes was used to characterize mRNA changes over time in hepatocyte cultures using\nAffymetrix microarrays. We isolated and labeled mRNA from whole rat livers, hepatocyte-enriched cell pellets, and primary cultured hepatocytes (4, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h postplating),\nand hybridized these samples to microarrays. From these data, several pairwise and temporal\ngene expression comparisons were made. Gene expression changes were confirmed by RT/PCR and by performing replicate experiments and repeated hybridizations using a rat toxicology\nsub-array that contained a 900-gene subset of the 8700-gene rat genomic microarray. PCR\ndata qualitatively reproduced the temporal patterns of gene expression observed with\nmicroarrays. Cluster analysis of time course data using self-organizing maps (SOM) revealed\na classic hepatocyte dedifferentiation response. Functional grouping of genes with similar\ntranscriptional patterns showed time-dependent regulation of phase I and phase II metabolizing\nenzymes. In general, cytochrome P450 mRNA expression was repressed, but expression of phase\nII metabolizing enzymes varied by class (upregulation of glucuronidation, downregulation of\nsulfation). Potential metabolic targets for toxic insult, such as glutathione metabolism,\ngluconeogenesis, and glycolysis, were also affected at the transcriptional level. Progressive\ninduction of several genes associated with the cellular cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix\nwas observed in accord with physical changes in cell shape and connectivity associated with\ncellular adhesion. Finally, many transcriptional changes of genes involved in critical checkpoints\nthroughout the hepatocyte cell cycle and differentiation process were observed. In total, these\ndata establish a more comprehensive understanding of hepatocellular dedifferentiation and\nreveal many novel aspects of physiological and morphological hepatocyte adaptation. An\nassembly of all transcripts that demonstrated differential expression in this study can be found\nin the Supporting Information.
MEG Effects on Hydrolysis of Polyamide 66/Glass Fiber Composites and Mechanical Property Changes

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Polyamide66 (PA66) hydrolysis affects the mechanical properties of Polyamide66/glass fiber (PA66/GF) composites. We investigated the effects of monoethylene glycol (MEG) on the degree of hydrolysis and mechanical properties of four different commercial PA66/glass fiber composites. Using pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (py-GC/MS), we identified the byproducts of PA66 composite hydrolysis: carboxylic acid and alkylamine substances. The degree of hydrolysis increased as the immersion time in MEG increased. However, the tensile and flexural properties decreased due to hydrolysis. The tensile strength decreased by 42–45%; however, elongation increased by 23–63%. When PA66 absorbs MEG at 130 °C, the materials molecular chains’ bonding force decreased, resulting in increased elongation.
Assessment of the Antioxidant Effects ofMoringa oleiferaLam. Extracts in Fish Oil during Storage

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

This study assessed the antioxidant activity of Moringa oleifera Lam. extracts on the oxidative stability of fish oil subjected to conditions of accelerate storage (16 days at 60C) compared with synthetic antioxidants such as tertiary butylhydroquinone (TBHQ) and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). Fish oil samples were added with leaves, flowers and seed pod extracts and evaluated for peroxide, hydroperoxides, anisidine and conjugated diene values. Changes in trans-fatty acid and aldehyde content were also assessed. The addition of Moringa extracts delayed the oxidation of fish oil; in particular, extracts of leaves showed a higher antioxidant activity when compared with TBHQ and BHT, considering peroxide and hydroperoxide levels. To control the formation of secondary oxidation compounds, synthetic antioxidants were most effective; however, leaf extract showed the highest protective effects of polyunsaturated fatty content in fish oil. Results indicate that the extract of M. oleifera leaves is an effective antioxidant to prevent oxidation in fish oil. Practical Applications Antioxidants are important ingredients in food processing to retard, reduce or prevent oxidative deterioration. Synthetic antioxidants are widely used in the food industry; however, their utilization has been questioned because of toxicity. Therefore, there is a growing interest in the use of natural antioxidants to reduce or replace the synthetic antioxidants in edible oils. Moringa oleifera L. is a botanical specie that is well known for its rich compounds with high antioxidant activity; in particular, its leaf extract can be used to replace synthetic antioxidants used in fish oil.
Re-Discovering Graphics

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This chapter presents a historical account and analysis of Discover Graphics, a defunct museum-school-community partnership developed by the Smithsonian Institution, that for 24 years provided professional level printmaking studio and museum experiences to high school students, college students, and art teachers in the Washington, DC metropolitan region. The description and impact of the program on school districts, students, teachers, artists, and museum professionals are examined through archival materials, publications, the author's narrative of experience as a student participant in the program, and its transformative effect on her education and career. The chapter closes with a discussion about community printmaking programs that developed to fill the breach left by the closure of Discover Graphics and suggests possible future museum-school-community partnerships.
The thermo-oxidative stability and flammability of wood/polypropylene composites

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The main aim of the study was to evaluate the thermo-oxidative stability and flammability of wood/polypropylene composites. The composites were obtained by extrusion and compression moulding with chemical modification of wood in order to improve adhesion. The composites were characterised by differential scanning calorimetry and cone calorimetry, providing such parameters as the oxidation induction time and a few parameters describing flammability, e.g. time to ignition, heat release rate, mass loss rate, heat of combustion, specific extinction area and emission of toxic gases. The results illustrate a considerable effect of the presence of wood and chemical modifications of lignocellulosic filler on the thermo-oxidative stability and character of combustion of the composites studied. The information provided in the paper contributes towards the correct choice of chemical modification of wood that would improve mechanical properties of the composites and towards getting composite materials of target thermo-oxidative stability and flammability.
In vitro antitumor efficacy of atorvastatin against acute monocytic leukemia cells

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Chemotherapy is a potential setting for the treatment of acute monocytic leukaemia (AML). It has recently been demonstrated that statins (hydroxymethyl glutaryl CoA reductase inhibitors) are involved in some antitumor pathways against tumour cells to overcome side effects and increase the efficacy of chemotherapy. The present study was designed to address the molecular and biochemical effects of atorvastatin (ATOR) therapy against the human leukaemia monocytic THP-1 cell line. By in vitro studies, MTT assay was performed to determine the IC50 levels of ATOR against the THP-1 cell line. Also, apoptosis and cell cycle were determined after exposure of THP-1 cells to an IC50 dose of ATOR versus the non-treated THP-1 cells. Flow cytometry analysis showed apoptotic-inducing capacity and arrested the cell cycle in the G2/M phase after the treatment with ATOR. In conclusion, ATOR increases the percentages of apoptotic leukemic THP-1 cells and arrested their cell cycle.
Failure analysis of mechanical & electrical components

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Machines or devices are susceptible to failure at some point of operation and some are designed to have a certain lifetime. Failure before their expected lifetime is highly undesirable because it can lead to delay of operation, loss of money, and serious hazards to lives in the working environment. Failure analysis allows to study the root cause of premature failures. In this study, failure analysis is carried out on two components, supporting springs and conductors, of a failed circuit breaker to find out if they are responsible for the cause of breaker failure. Knowing which, manufacturers can modify the design accordingly or operators can take preventive measures to reduce the occurrence rate of failure in the future. Metallographic techniques such as sample preparation, microscopy, SEM and EDX, and hardness testing are used for data collecting and fault tree analysis is used for guidance and conclusion. The springs were investigated first since a pair of springs was found to be in their pre-set lengths. Results from metallography suggest that deformation is resulted from the overheated circuit instead. When failure analysis was performed on conductors, cumulated layers of oxides, probably promoted by arcing, on contact surfaces were found to be a proximate cause of breaker failure. Due to high contact resistance of oxide layers, localized heating occurred on contact surfaces eventually leading to erosion, sticking and welding of contacts. Among available corrective actions, a usual clean-up of contact surfaces is suggested. While this study shows a proximate cause of failure led by accumulation of oxide layers, further studies on mating contacts, and components at entry point are recommended to gain a better and accurate understanding on the mode of circuit breaker failure.
Topological Lifshitz transition in Weyl semimetal NbP decorated with\n heavy elements

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Studies of the Fermi surface modification after in-situ covering NbP\nsemimetal with heavy elements Pb and Nb ultrathin layers were performed by\nmeans of angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES). First, the\nelectronic structure was investigated for pristine single crystals with two\npossible terminations (P and Nb) of the (0 0 1) surface. The nature of the\nelectronic states of these two cleaving planes is different: P-terminated\nsurface shows spoon and bow tie shaped fingerprints, whereas these shapes are\nnot present in Nb-terminated surfaces. ARPES studies show that even 1 monolayer\n(ML) of Pb causes topological quantum Lifshitz transition (TQLT) in P- and\nNb-terminated surfaces. Deposited Pb 5d electrons have wide extended atomic\norbitals which leads to strong hybridization with Pb-terminated surface and a\ncorresponding shift in the Fermi energy. Nb has less capability to perturb the\nsystem than Pb because Nb has weaker spin-orbit coupling than Pb. Nb-terminated\nsurface subjected to surface decoration with approximately 1.3 ML of Nb shows\nno dramatic modification in the Fermi surface. In the case of Nb decorated\nP-terminated surface, deposition of approximately 1 ML modifies the electronic\nstructure of NbP and it is on the verge of TQLT. Despite the strong spin-orbit\nand strong hybridization of the heavy elements on the surface, it is possible\nto observe the TQLT of the surface states thanks to the robustness of the bulk\ntopology.\n
Mindfulness and suicidal ideation in Chinese older adults: Perceived stress as mediator

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

We examined whether or not perceived stress mediates the relationship between mindfulness and suicidal ideation in Chinese older adults. Chinese adults aged from 48 to 59 years ( N = 213) completed the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale, the Perceived Stress Scale, and the first two items of the Suicide Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised. Results showed that mindfulness was negatively correlated with perceived stress and suicidal ideation, whereas perceived stress was positively correlated with suicidal ideation. Mediation analysis results suggested that perceived stress fully mediated the relationship between mindfulness and suicidal ideation in Chinese older adults. Therefore, we suggest that it is helpful to focus on the enhancement of mindfulness of older adults, because their perceived stress levels may be decreased by greater mindfulness. It is plausible that older adults would then be less likely to develop severe suicidal ideation.
Predicting the Invariance Behind Residuals: A Novel GAN Inversion Method for Image Editing and Detail Retaining

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Generative adversarial network (GAN) inversion has been serving as the vehicle to enable the restoration of real-world images by GANs, rather than the realistic generation from random noise. Existing GAN inversion methods, however, suffer from the fidelity-editability trade-off, which mainly invert the semantics within images and fail to reconstruct the details. To address this issue, we propose a novel adaptive detail compensation method for GAN inversion (ADC-GInv), which automatically locates and restores the non-semantic details, whilst maintaining the editability on the semantics of real-world images. More specifically, we first develop an adversarial reciprocal learning GAN (ARL-GAN) so as to seamlessly optimise the reconstruction during the training of GANs, followed by a sophisticated fine-tuning technique for ARL-GAN inversion. This ensures superior restoration and editability on the semantic cues of images. Then, regarding the non-semantic details, our ADC-GInv method adaptively locates the details by predicting the invariance given edited and non-edited residuals of restoration, which are then compensated at the pixel-level for high fidelity. As a consequence, the experimental results have verified the superior performance of our ADC-GInv, on both fidelity and editability during inversion.
SUPPLEMENT INFORMATION MATERIALS AND METHODS Insect Strains

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

The A. aegypti Waco strain is naturally uninfected. A. albopictus Houston (Hou) strain is naturally superinfected with both the wAlbA and wAlbB Wolbachia types (S1). Waco and Hou were provided by George Craig and Scott O’Neill, respectively. Mosquito strains were maintained following standard procedures as described previously (S2, S3). Microinjection Embryo injection was based upon techniques successfully used for prior mosquito and Drosophila transfection (S4, S5). Microinjection needles were prepared from quartz microcapillaries (#QF100-70-7.5; Sutter Instrument Co., Novato, CA) using a P2000 micropipette puller (Sutter Instrument Co). Approximately ten blood fed females (Hou or Waco) were allowed to oviposit on a wet filter paper funnel. Waco embryos to be injected (recipient embryos) were collected after allowing females to oviposit for ≤90 minutes. Following a brief desiccation to provide space for injected material, grey embryos were aligned on double sided tape (Scotch 665; St. Paul, MN) and covered with halocarbon 700 oil (Sigma-Aldrich Co.). Donor Hou embryos were treated similarly but not desiccated. Cytoplasm was withdrawn from donor Hou embryos and injected into the posterior of recipient Waco embryos using an IM300 microinjector (Narishige Scientific; Tokyo, Japan) as
Optical and thermal control of domain structures in ferroelectric crystals

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

This thesis presents the results of investigations into the thermal and optical control of ferroelectric domains within lithium tantalate and strontium barium niobate crystals. The aim of the work was to develop techniques for optically pattering domain inverted structures within ferroelectric crystals. <br/><br/>Initial studies involving strontium barium niobate revealed an enhanced temperature sensitivity for transient repoling occurring at room temperatures for this material. This has important consequences for the optical manipulation of domains in this material. Further work indicated that the optical control of domains in this material were limited by the variation in crystal properties of strontium barium niobate crystals. <br/><br/>Subsequent work concentrated on lithium tantalate, in which domain pattering was successfully accomplished at room temperature via the simultaneous application of optical and electric fields. The technique consisted of illuminating the x-face of a 200 µm thick lithium tantalate z-cut crystal which had been polished to form a biprism. The resulting interferometric pattern, formed between planar electrodes applied to the +z and -z crystal faces, had a period of ~6 µm. This optical pattern defined where poling occurred by effectively increasing the coercive field within the illuminated regions of the crystal. This effect was used to inhibit ferroelectric switching within the illuminated regions so that the optical pattern is thereby translated into a corresponding domain structure. The increase in coercive field is a consequence of internal field relaxation within the crystal, for which the underlying principles of light induced ferroelectric switching are addressed. This is the first demonstration of optical periodic domain pattering using interferometric techniques.
Possible inundation map of coastal areas of gujarat with a tsunamigenic earthquake

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The western Indian peninsula experienced the most destructive tsunami ever recorded in the Arabian Sea by the 28th November 1945 earthquake (Mw 8.1) in Makran region. The run-up height during the tsunami was of 17m at Makran coast and 11 to 11.5m in Gulf of Kachchh region. Seismic gap area along the subduction zone of Makran is possible site of future great earthquake, which could generate tsunamigenic condition along western Indian coast. Determination of run-up elevation is important aspect to study the inundation in any region, which get affected by offshore and on-shore geomorphological conditions i.e. bathymetry and near-shore topography. Inundation maps are prepared using Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission (SRTM) data and ETOPOv2v to show the possible areas of inundation due to different wave heights along coastal parts of Gujarat state. Results shows that more than 2 m run-up elevation is showing possibility of inundation in Jakhau and Kandla areas of Gulf of Kachchh region whereas, the Saurashtra region shows less possibility of inundation. As the state has important installations like ports, jetties, industries along the coast and also other socio-economical perspective which can be affected by such an event, hence the demarcation of possible inundation areas is important for determination of future tsunami hazard demanding more detailed work.