jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Expression of IL-18,NF-кB and iNOS in early abortion rat uterus

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

【Objective】 The research was to study the distribution and expression of IL-18,NF-кB and iNOS in early abortion,early pregnancy and nonpregnancy rat uterus and to understand the possible relation between these factors and abortion.【Method】 The natural mating rats were divided into three groups(nonpregnancy group,pregnancy group and abortion group)by observing vagina secretion with ecah group of 10 rats.The abortion group rats were perfused mifeprestone,4 mg/(kg·d),in the pregnancy on day 7 and 8.All rats were killed on day 9.The rats uterus were sliced up and done by immunohistochemical technique and image analysis.【Result】 IL-18,NF-кB and iNOS protein can be detected in all rats uterine endometrial or decidual luminal epithelium,glandular epithelium,stroma or decidual cells,myometrium and part endothelial cell and vascular smooth muscle cell.Compared with normal pregnancy group,the expression of IL-18 and iNOS in abortion rats was distinctly decreased(P0.01);The expression of NF-кB in abortion rats was distinctly increased(P0.01).However,the expression of IL-18,iNOS and NF-кB in abortion rats endothelial cell and vascular smooth muscle cell was markedly increased(P0.01).【Conclusion】 It can be concluded that the abnormal expression of IL-18,iNOS and NF-кB may have relation with abortion.
Lung clearance index (LCI) at age 1-4 years vs lung function and chest X-ray (CXR) scores at age 7 years in children with CF

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: LCI from SF6 multiple breath washout (MBW) is more sensitive than spirometry to detect early CF lung disease and correlates closely to CT lung changes in older CF subjects [1]. Aim: To see if increased LCI during the preschool period correlates to elevated LCI, CXR abnormalities (Northern score) and reduced FEV1.0 at age seven. Methods: All CF patients born between 1995 and 2002, attending our center, and who had done at least one MBW at an annual review between age 0.6 to 4.0 years and retested at age seven with MBW, spirometry and CXR evaluated with Northern score [2] were included. Results: Out of 24 children included (17M, median age at dx 0.4, range 0.0-2.6 yrs) four had one, six had two and 14 three MBW done, before age seven. For mean age and LCI at each age period see table 1. Median (range) FEV1 at age 7 was 94% pred, (73;116). Mean LCI at age 1-3 yrs did not correlate to LCI (rs=0.26, p=0.228) or FEV1 (rs=0.09, p=0.702) at age 7 but correlated to Northern score (rs=0.52, p=0.010). Conclusion: Increased LCI in the preschool years correlates with the degree of structural lung changes at age 7. References: 1Gustafsson et al. Thorax. 2008;63:129-34. 2Conway et al. Thorax. 1994;49:860-2
Trans-spinal direct current enhances corticospinal output and stimulation-evoked release of glutamate analog, D-2,3-3H-aspartic acid

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Trans-spinal direct current (tsDC) stimulation is a modulator of spinal excitability and can influence cortically elicited muscle contraction in a polarity-dependent fashion. When combined with low-frequency repetitive cortical stimulation, cathodal tsDC [tsDC(−)] produces a long-term facilitation of cortically elicited muscle actions. We investigated the ability of this combined stimulation paradigm to facilitate cortically elicited muscle actions in spinal cord-injured and noninjured animals. The effect of tsDC—applied alone or in combination with repetitive spinal stimulation (rSS) on the release of the glutamate analog, D-2,3- 3 H-aspartate (D-Asp), from spinal cord preparations in vitro—was also tested. In noninjured animals, tsDC (−2 mA) reproducibly potentiated cortically elicited contractions of contralateral and ipsilateral muscles tested at various levels of baseline muscle contraction forces. Cortically elicited muscle responses in animals with contusive and hemisectioned spinal cord injuries (SCIs) were similarly potentiated. The combined paradigm of stimulation caused long-lasting potentiation of cortically elicited bilateral muscle contraction in injured and noninjured animals. Additional analysis suggests that at higher baseline forces, tsDC(−) application does not increase the rising slope of the muscle contraction but causes repeated firing of the same motor units. Both cathodal and anodal stimulations induced a significant increase of D-Asp release in vitro. The effect of the combined paradigm of stimulation (tsDC and rSS) on the concentration of extracellular D-Asp was polarity dependent. These results indicate that tsDC can powerfully modulate the responsiveness of spinal cord neurons. The results obtained from the in vitro preparation suggest that the changes in neuronal excitability were correlated with an increased concentration of extracellular glutamate. The combined paradigm of stimulation, used in our experiments, could be noninvasively applied to restore motor control in humans with SCI.
The Small Modular Liquid Metal Cooled Reactor: A New Approach to Proliferation Risk Management

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

There is an ongoing need to supply energy to small markets and remote locations with limited fossil fuel infrastructures. The Small, Modular, Liquid-Metal-Cooled Reactor, also referred to as SSTAR (Small, Secure, Transportable, Autonomous Reactor), can provide reliable and cost-effective electricity, heat, fresh water, and potentially hydrogen transportation fuels for these markets. An evaluation of a variety of reactor designs indicates that SSTAR, with its secure, long-life core, has many advantages for deployment into a variety of national and international markets. In this paper, we describe the SSTAR concept and its approach to safety, security, environmental and non-proliferation. The system would be design-certified using a new license-by-test approach, and demonstrated for commercial deployment anywhere in the world. The project addresses a technology development need (i.e., a small secure modular system for remote sites) that is not otherwise addressed in other currently planned research programs.
Effect of hardness on the foaming behavior, surface quality, and mechanical properties of thermoplastic polyurethane foams by chemical foaming injection molding

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Although the influence of hard segment content on the foaming behavior of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) has been reported in the literature, most of the studies have been limited to batch foaming, and the relationship between hardness on the foaming quality and the surface quality of TPU is still unclear in injection molding foaming. In this study, three hardnesses of TPU foams were prepared by core‐back injection foaming technique to investigate the relationship between hardness and TPU foaming behavior. Firstly, the relationship between hardness and viscosity of TPU was investigated using rotational rheometer. The results showed that the complex viscosity increased with the increase of hardness, especially the viscosity of high hardness TPU responded more significantly at low frequencies. In addition, a scanning electron microscope was used to analyze the cell morphology of TPU foams with different hardness. It was revealed that the cell morphology of 1098A foam with low hardness was deteriorated and deformed severely, with a cell size and cell density of 172.02 μm and 0.59 × 10 5 cells/cm 3 , respectively. With the increase of hardness, the cell morphology of high hardness 1071D foam was regular and rounded, its cell size decreased to 95.98 μm and cell density increased 4.43 × 10 5 cells/cm 3 . Surface roughness and mechanical experiments showed that the medium hardness 1065D foam had better surface quality and tensile toughness. The elongation at break of the TPU foams decreased with increasing hardness, while the high hardness 1071D foam had better tensile and flexural strength. This study provides understanding for the selection of a suitable hardness to prepare TPU foams with favorable foaming quality and corresponding mechanical properties. Highlights TPU foams of different hardness were prepared using core‐back chemical foaming injection molding technology. High hardness TPU foam had excellent tensile strength and flexural strength.
[The medicolegal identification of victims of major disasters].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The medical identification of victims of major catastrophes is based upon a strict methodological approach at the actual site of the catastrophe when victims are found and in mortuaries. In the majority of cases, police identification can be pronounced. It is only in much more difficult cases where there are calcination or putrefaction processes that medicolegal identification is requested. This identification is based upon the results of medicolegal autopsy itself and on examination of the dental system which remains of capital importance. In the absence of data which can be used to compare the dental system of the victim with this of missing it is possible using single teeth to assess dental age and determine blood group, thereby providing the legal authorities with a group of additional arguments which can be used for presumptive identification.
Application of advanced communication and control technologies for smart grid : a comprehensive review

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents a comprehensive review of advanced control and communication technologies of smart grid (SG). Various func-tions/features of SG include real-time pricing, voltage/VAr control, frequency control, power quality, demand response management, distri-bution system restoration, and reconfiguration, distributed generation dispatch and storage. There is a strong requirement to control these functions, as well as to communicate within themselves. Suppose, if two-way communication is not possible then it cannot be considered as a function of SG. When trying to track or monitor a function, one must be able to control, command, and communicate with it. In order to control observation ability and measure of some type of numerical quantity that is obtained from a real time measuring device being moni-tored is necessary. Some of these measurable quantities are: overvoltage limits, security measures and contingency analysis. This paper addresses various challenges of control and communication techniques of SG.
Intraventricular Cerebrovascular Pathologies of Hydrocephalus and Managements

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

IntroductionHydrocephalus, "water in the brain", had been amazed and challenged clinicians throughout the history of medicine till Galen.Vascular causes of hydrocephalus had been a mystery until the discovery of modern neuroradiological techniques such as digital subtraction angiography and magnetic resonance imaging.Vascular lesions of the ventricular system are rare.Despite the rarity, they may cause symptomatic hydrocephalus.These kinds of lesions cause hydrocephalus in the CSF pathways by either obstruction or hemorrhage.Because of the rarity of this entity, there is no conciliation for the treatment.Four types of intraventricular vascular lesions causing hydrocephalus were categorized as follows:1. Cavernomas 2. Aneurysms 3. Arteriovenous malformations 4. Venous malformations Intraventricular Cavernomas (IVCs)Cavernous malformations (CM), also called cavernous angiomas and cavernomas, are lowflow vascular malformations that constitute 5-13% of all central nervous system vascular malformations (Moriarity et al., 1999;Raychaudhuri et al., 2005).On the other hand, IVC are rare pathological entities, constituting 2,5-10.8% of cerebral CM (Kivelev et al., 2010).The first report of an IVC was published in 1905 by Finkelnburg.As to our knowledge, so far 102 IVCs have been summarized published cases in the literature (Table-1). EmbryogenesisThe exact pathogenesis of the CM is still unknown; but they are thought to arise from early stages of embryogenesis and may be due to aberrant vasculogenesis (Sure et al., 2005).The CMs are known to exhibit an unpredictable dynamic behavior and may increase in size www.intechopen.com
CellVis - Modeling, Simulating, and Analyzing Cellular Processes

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Falk, M. Krone, M. Ertl, T.  Atomistic Visualization of Mesoscopic Whole-Cell Simulations. EG Workshop on Visual Computing for Biology and Medicine (VCBM), pp. 123–130, 2012. Falk, M., Klann, M., Ott, M., Koeppl, H., Ertl, T.  Parallelized Agent-based Simulation on CPU and Graphics Hardware for Spatial and Stochastic Models in Biology. International Conference on Computational Methods in Systems Biology (CMSB 2011), pp. 73–82, 2011. Falk M., Klann M., Reuss M., Ertl T.  Visualization of signal transduction processes in the crowded environment of the cell. IEEE Pacific Visualization Symposium (PacificVis ’09), pp. 169–176, 2009. Statistical and dynamical models in biology and medicine, 2012, Stuttgart, Germany Modeling
Antimicrobial Effect Using Air Catalyst Called Health Bright in Healthcare Facility: A 3-Year Analyzing Report

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: Air catalyst is a new antiviral, antibacterial and antifungal technology and has recently been used widely in our country.However, it is unclear whether they are actually effective in the facility and is also unclear the duration of its effect. Material and Methodology:In our healthcare facility, we used a product called Health Bright® and this liquid substance was sprayed to coat every part of the facility.After that, we measured and monitored the amount of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in each coated place for a 3-year period. Results:The ATP amount in each room before Health Bright® coating showed approximately 2000 -8000 relative light unit (RLU).However, its amount decreased the day after the coating in all room.The ATP amount still keep low after 6 months, 1 year, 2 year and 3 year compared to that of before treatment.Of note is it showed less than 500 RLU in endoscopy room. Conclusion:Our current data demonstrated the possible efficacy of air catalyst against virus, bacteria and fungus in the healthcare facility.We also showed its effect to maintain at least 3 years after coating.Recommendation: Another assay for the measurement of microbial amount will be recommended to confirm our current result.
Rapid Detection of Milk Protein based on Proteolysis Catalyzed by Trypsinase

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Using pH-state method, when degree of casein hydrolysis was set as criterion, the optimal enzymatic reaction conditions were obtained as follows: pH 7.5 and temperature 55 ?. Based on the proteolysis catalyzed by trypsinase, the relationship between protein content (x) and initial velocity of enzymatic reaction (y) was discussed and the equation of y=0.1177x (R2=0.9927)was found as standard curve for the calculation of protein content. In addition, the protein contents in five kinds of commercial fresh milk were determined by enzyme hydrolysis method and GB method (biuret method). Protein content calculated by enzyme hydrolysis method could be confirmed by GB method and the analysis of t-test indicated that there was no notable difference between two methods. Furthermore, the determinate time of the rapid method was only 8 minutes (including samples’ preparation) and was 1/20 times than that of biuret method.
Diagnostic tests for thyroid antibodies: A comparison of the precipitin and latex-fixation (Hyland TA ) tests

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The clinical significance of thyroid antibodies is discussed and it is concluded that, of the antibody tests which have been extensively applied, the precipitin test is the most useful for diagnostic purposes. The recently introduced Hyland TA test is compared with the precipitin test. The TA test gives a rapid result and is slightly more sensitive, but it remains undecided whether a true positive result is always indicative of clinically important degrees of chronic thyroiditis. The TA test also gives occasional false positive results, not indicative of antibody to thyroglobulin. Furthermore, approximately 12% of precipitin-positive sera from patients with Hashimoto's disease give negative TA tests, and since these also have low titres, or are negative, in the tanned red cell haemagglutination test, the precipitin test is the only simple method of demonstrating the antibody concerned. In spite of these disadvantages, the TA test is regarded as a useful procedure, and there are advantages in using both the precipitin and TA tests together for routine diagnostic purposes. A modification is described whereby the TA test reagent may be used to titrate antibody to thyroglobulin.
The Effect of Dentures’ Overnight Soaking in Distilled Water: A Mycological Pilot Study

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Introduction: In order to keep their dentures clean and properly stored, patients generally soak them in water at night. Candida albicans is a commensal yeast fungus that colonizes dentures, and in some conditions, it becomes an opportunistic pathogen and causes fungal infections known as candidiasis. Objective: This pilot study aimed to evaluate the effect of distilled water on Candida albicans colonizing dentures. Materials and Methods: Twenty patients (9 men, 11 women; age range 40-75 years) with complete maxillary dentures infected by Candida albicans were included in this study. The dentures of these patients were soaked in distilled water for 4 days (8 hours at night). Swab samples from the dentures were collected before and after distilled water use and examined mycologically. Results: The Candida albicans colony counts increased after soaking the dentures in distilled water for 8 hours for 4 days. Conclusion: Patients should be dissuaded from soaking their dentures overnight in distilled water as the result is a significant increase in fungal colonization.
Der Computer als therapeutisches Medium

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The computer as a therapeutic medium. Every new development in modern media sparks age-old fears and classic defence mechanisms. Multiplayer Online Role Playing Games are one of the most interesting innovations in the range of the computer game world as well as being an object of apprehension concerning the increasingly digital nature of modern living. A central aspect of the criticism of this medium is the fear that young people who have grown up with computer games and the internet will no longer be able to differentiate between reality and the virtual world. The author examines the ways in which children use the computer game as a medium into which they project emotional injury and conflicts, trying to solve these in the virtual world, without having to deal with the commitments of object relationships. With reference to case material, the author shows how excessive gaming can be the attempt of adolescents to master the internal conflict between a progressive wish to try things out for themselves and regressive urges.
Projective Anthropomorphism as a Dialogue with Ourselves

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract This paper introduces an original concept (projective anthropomorphism) towards exploring a psychological dimension that is irreducible to the forms of anthropomorphism investigated in both cognitive science and social robotics. Projective anthropomorphism is an unconscious bias towards anticipating humanlike characteristics in robots. An overview of the variety of ways in which projection has been conceptualised in psychology and psychoanalysis is provided before discussing implications for theorising projective anthropomorphism. The proposed concept alludes to the projection of existential anxieties and desires onto myths, legends, linguistic tropes, and science-fiction motifs of humanoid automata. Such motifs and their associated narratives populate contemporary popular culture, and feed into social representations of robots. The importance of considering projective anthropomorphism lies in the extent to which its phenomena channel people’s expectations and attitudes towards technological artefacts, as well as steering technological possibilities.
Localization results with 6 anchors when the variance of noise is 1 Watt.

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

<p>(a) 1000 estimated locations of a UAV by the Chan algorithm. (b) 1000 estimated locations of a UAV by FSICL. (c) Average estimated locations of 100 UAVs of 1000 iterations by the Chan algorithm. (d) Average estimated locations of 100 UAVs of 1000 iterations by FSICL.</p>
The Histories

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract This chapter examines two early and influential historical narratives. The first, Palladius’s Lausiac History (Historia Lausica), is a set of brief biographies and vignettes of the desert fathers (and mothers), written in Greek in the 420s. The other, the anonymous History of the Monks in Egypt (Historia monachorum in Aegypto), is a travelogue, composed in Greek about 400. It describes a journey through Egypt taken by seven Palestinian monks in 394 and strings together anecdotes about their meetings with remarkable hermits, healers, and holy men. These works highlight other important monastic sites, especially Nitria and Kellia, and stress the links between miracles and holiness.
Emotional Neglect, Self-Deception, and Unethical Workplace Behavior: Moderating Effect of Machiavellianism

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Based on ethical faded theory, this paper examines the relationship between emotional neglect and unethical behavior via self-deception under the influence of employee Machiavellianism. A two-phased survey involving 253 managerial employees of various private sector service organizations was conducted in the Punjab province of Pakistan. Data showed sufficient reliability and validity of existing measures used in this study. The conditional process analysis revealed that employees emotionally neglected at work indulged in unethical behavior and that self-deception by such employees explained this mechanism. Employee Machiavellianism moderated the relationship between self-deception and unethical behavior, indicating that the indirect effect of emotional neglect on unethical behavior would be more robust for employees with high levels of Machiavellianism in their personalities. Findings help understand the antecedents and conditions that promote unethical behavior at work and warrant the need for effective managerial strategies to prevent it. Implications of these findings have been discussed.
Plasma Catecholamines Assay: Comparison Between Fluorimetric and Radioenzymatic Methods

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Plasma catecholamines were simultaneously measured in duplicate plasma samples by the fluorimetric method of Renzini et al. (1970) Clin. Chim. Acta 39, 587-594) and by the radioenzymatic method of Da Prada & Zurcher ((1976) Life Sci. 19, 1161-1174). The correlation of noradrenaline and adrenaline plasma concentrations determined by the two methods were, respectively, r = 0.95 (p less than 0.001) and r = 0.75 (p less than 0.01). The fluorimetric method was less sensitive, but more economical and less time-consuming than the radioenzymatic method. The fluorimetric method is still of value for measuring plasma catecholamines in man.