jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Treatment with Anti-EGF Ab Ameliorates Experimental Autoimmune EncephalomyelitisviaInduction of Neurogenesis and Oligodendrogenesis

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Background . The neural stem cells (NSCs) migrate to the damaged sites in multiple sclerosis (MS) and in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). However, the differentiation into neurons or oligodendrocytes is blocked. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) stimulates NSC proliferation and mobilization to demyelinated lesions but also induces astrogenesis and glial scar. Objective . To examine the clinical and histopathological effects of EGF neutralization on EAE. Methods . EAE-induced SJL mice were intravenously treated with either anti-EGF neutralizing antibody (Ab) or isotype control or PBS. On day 9 after immunization, 3 mice of each group were daily treated for 9 days with BrdU and then sacrificed for immunohistochemical analysis. Results . Treatment with anti-EGF Ab significantly ameliorated EAE symptoms during the second relapse. Anti-EGF Ab induced a shift from BrdU + GFAP + NSCs to BrdU + DCX + neuroblasts in the subventricular zone (SVZ), increased BrdU + NeuN + neurons in the granular cell layer of the dentate gyrus, and increased BrdU + O4 + oligodendrocytes in the SVZ. There was no change in the inflammatory infiltrates in response to anti-EGF Ab. Conclusions . Therapy with anti-EGF Ab ameliorates EAE via induction of neurogenesis and oligodendrogenesis. No immunosuppressive effect was found. Further investigation is needed to support these notions of beneficial effect of anti-EGF Ab in MS.
Direct Work, Knowledge and Intervention

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In risk society changes to professional knowledge should be understood in cultural as well as structural terms. In his book The System of Professions (1988) Abbott describes how professions define themselves by claiming certain bodies of knowledge. He describes how, for example, in America psychiatry lost ground to social work in the 1950s as social workers developed practice approaches to casework which psychiatrists had previously claimed for themselves. Risk society affects the institutional arrangements for providing social work with the legitimacy of certain knowledge claims, their status, relevance and points of application. It also shapes the professional identity of social workers as well as their psychological conceptions of how people are 'made up' (Hacking, 1986). Particular 'reality constructs' associated with risk and uncertainty are seen to affect psychological models used to predict and make sense of human behaviour in social work and their corresponding psycho-social realities. How professional knowledge and intervention change and what form they take depends on the various institutional, economic and social processes that have significance in risk society.
Estimation of Rivaroxaban Plasma Concentrations in the Perioperative Setting in Patients With or Without Heparin Bridging

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Estimation of residual rivaroxaban plasma concentrations may be requested before invasive procedures and some patients at high thromboembolic risk will have a bridging therapy with heparins when rivaroxaban is interrupted. Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the performance of the STA-Liquid Anti-Xa assay (STA LAX) and the low and normal procedures of the Biophen Direct Factor Xa Inhibitors (DiXaI) assay, in patients with and without bridging with low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWHs). Materials and Methods: Seventy-nine blood samples were collected from 77 patients on rivaroxaban at C TROUGH or before an invasive procedure. Rivaroxaban plasma concentrations were estimated using Biophen DiXaI, Biophen DiXaI LOW, and STA LAX and compared to liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) measurements. Stratifications were performed according to heparin bridging. Results: The Biophen DiXaI LOW and STA LAX showed better correlation with LC-MS/MS measurements than Biophen DiXaI in patients not bridged with LMWH (R: 0.97, 0.96, and 0.91, respectively). However, the performance of Biophen DiXaI LOW and STA LAX decreased when residual LMWH activity was present (R: 0.18 and 0.19 respectively) demonstrating that these tests are not specific to rivaroxaban. Conclusion: In patients not bridged with LMWH, we suggest to use the Biophen DiXaI LOW and STA LAX for the estimation of rivaroxaban concentrations <50 ng/mL. These results should be confirmed on a larger cohort of patients. Patients bridged with LMWH have inaccurate estimates of low levels of rivaroxaban and the 3 assays studied should not be used to estimate if it is safe to perform a procedure.
New tools for the treatment of type 1 diabetes in children

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In recent years, new resorces have been appearing in order to improve glycaemic control in patients with type 1 diabetes. These include new insulin analogues, glucose monitoring, smart insulin pens and hybrid close-loop systems. So, in these patients the percentage of time in range has increased, the episodes of hypoglycaemia or hyperglycaemia have decreased, and quality of life has improved. Finally, in the following years biological drugs such as teplizumab will be incorporated, which will be the first etiological treatment for type 1 diabetes.
Tests for resonance states in the positron-hydrogen system above the pickup threshold

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Difficulties in the theoretical calculation of possible resonance states above the pickup but below the first hydrogen excitation threshold in the positron-hydrogen scattering system are discussed. A series of tests are proposed which should help avoid certain conceptual and practical difficulties one encounters in the analysis. Existing theoretical calculations claiming the resonance states are critically examined, and it is concluded that there is as yet no evidence for the presence of such resonance states in this particular energy region.
Charactertization of poly (D, L-LACTIDE-CO-GLYCOLYDE) film for in vivo engineered biotube coating

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Cardiovascular disease remains on the top list of cause of death worldwide. Currently, the need for large diameter vascular graft are well-addressed by Dacron® and ePTFE synthetic graft. However, small diameter artificial vascular grafts remain an unmet clinical need. The advancement of vascular tissue engineering could provide a solution to artificially construct arterial prosthesis. In vivo engineered biotube shows good promise in vascular tissue engineering due to ability of recruiting autologous cells and elimination of in vitro manipulation steps. The limitation was, however, poor cell attachment and structural integrity of the conduit to the silicone implanted tubing. The development of a coating that can promote cell attachment on the silicone tubing and is able to give mechanical support was proposed to address this problem. Poly (lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) is a widely used bioresorbable polymer in biomedical applications. It exhibits good mechanical properties, is non-toxic, and has remarkable cytocompatibility. Keeping these superior properties in mind, PLGA films were fabricated using solvent casting and melt pressing method and their feasibility as a biotube coating was studied. The results suggested PLGA films were promising for such application, in terms of mechanical properties and cytocompatibility. It is believed that the approach studied in this project could be potentially translated into clinical application in the future.
"Una niña humilde y de color": Sources for the History of an Afro-Puerto Rican Childhood

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract: This essay explores some of the historical sources available in the case of one young, rural, black girl in mid-century Puerto Rico. When Herminia (pseudonym) was eleven years old, the colonial state–in the form of social workers–invaded her life. That intrusion into the young girl's home and community generated paperwork, such as correspondence and social work case studies. The first part of this essay explores these social welfare documents (as well as census records) and the story they tell about black childhoods in Puerto Rico. The second half sets aside the social workers' version of Herminia's life story and instead explore her childhood in relation to her extended family and their long history in rural Western Puerto Rico. A variety of religious and civil records allows the historian of childhood to apply a broader lens to Herminia's story in particular, as well as to the stories of other rural black children in Puerto Rico.
Treatment of Palmar Hyperhidrosis With Radiofrequency Microneedling‐Based on Ultrasound Measurements

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This study addresses the treatment of palmar hyperhidrosis, which has been difficult to manage. A new treatment has been developed using radiofrequency microneedling to reduce sweating non‐surgically by ablating sweat glands. Based on ultrasound measurements of the dermis and precise microneedling damage, effective energy was applied to locate the sweat glands and disabled their function. Radiofrequency microneedling with ultrasound can safely and effectively treat hyperhidrosis in a minimally invasive way.
The Pharmaceutical Industry — To Whom is It Accountable?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The pharmaceutical industry is under mounting scrutiny because of rapidly increasing expenditures for drugs in the United States. Drug expenditures are now the fastest-growing component of health care costs, increasing at the rate of about 15 percent per year.1,2 They account for about 8 percent of health care spending, and at their current rate of increase, they will soon surpass spending for physicians' services and, for many health maintenance organizations (HMOs), the costs of hospitalization. The increase is due both to a greater use of drugs and to higher prices for individual drugs. Patients feel drug costs keenly, because . . .
Vowel Length in Modern Farsi

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Modern Farsi historically possessed an underlying opposition of vowel length that has since largely disappeared in all but open, non-final syllables. At the same time, qualitative differences have arisen between the once identical short and long vowels. Two opposing analyses have been proposed to account for these facts. The “quantity only” analysis posits an underlying opposition of length and derives the qualitative differences by rule, while the “quality only” analysis removes length from the underlying representation but includes the differences in quality. In this paper, it is argued that neither analysis is able to describe the vowel system both concretely and with maximal generalisation. A synthetic analysis is proposed that integrates quantity and quality in the underlying vowel system and is able to account adequately for the observed phenomena. It moreover sheds light on the modern Farsi vowel system as a transition state between the historical “quantity only” system and the system of a future Farsi possessing an opposition of quality alone.
Migration Inhibitory Effect of Cell-Free Supernatants from Mixed Human Lymphocyte Cultures

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Cell-free supernatants from mixed human lymphocyte cultures inhibited the migration of non-separated human peripheral leucocytes and purified polymorphonuclear leucocytes. The maximum inhibitory effect was observed in 4-day cultures, but even after 2 days inhibitory effect was demonstrated. The migration inhibitory factor (MIF) from mixed lymphocyte cultures was non-dialyzable, 56°C heat-stable and non-sedimentable at 78,000 × G. MIF was produced also in mixed cultures of lymphocytes pretreated with mitomycin C although the inhibitory effect was diminished in most of these experiments. The migration inhibition was demonstrated with an agarose plate technique which permits examination of only a few hundred microliters of unconcentrated MIF-containing supernatant.
Census data of growth, mortality and size stage transitions of nests of leaf-cutting ant species before and after fires

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

We hypothesized that fires will affect more the species that build external, easily flammable thatch mounds with superficial fungal gardens (Acromyrmex lobicornis) than colonies that build subterranean nests in the less-flammable bare-ground (Acromyrmex striatus). We use a stochastic matrix demographic model parameterized with 4 years of data in pre and post fire scenarios. This data set contain all the census data which from we build the matrix models.
GOVERNMENT SPENDING, ENTRY, AND THE CONSUMPTION CROWDING‐IN PUZZLE

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This article documents empirically that net firm entry robustly rises after a U.S. government spending expansion. We use this new finding to test the empirical validity of various model features that have been proposed to generate consumption crowding‐in after positive expenditure shocks. Endogenous‐entry models typically fail to generate the observed joint increase in consumption and entry. Model features that dampen the wealth effect, such as rule‐of‐thumb households or complementarity between labor and consumption in preferences, tend to reduce entry. We show that utility‐ or productivity‐enhancing public spending can reconcile the model with our documented fact and performs well empirically.
Oncology Drug Approvals: Evaluating Endpoints and Evidence in an Era of Breakthrough Therapies

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

With the Breakthrough Therapy Designation program adding to the tools that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has for expediting drug development, the FDA reassessed the endpoints needed for approval of transformative therapies. Although the demonstration of an improvement in overall survival remains the gold standard for drug approval, innovation in cancer research has led to use of other endpoints in regulatory decision-making. These endpoints include substantially delaying tumor progression or extending progression-free survival, substantially reducing tumor size for a prolonged time, improving objective response rate and duration of response, or improving cancer-related symptoms and patient function.
Photoionization cross section of atomic cadmium using the multi-configuration Tamm-Dancoff approximation

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The Multiconfiguration Tamm-Dancoff approximation (MCTD) is used to calculate the photoionization cross section of cadmium. Results are compared with available experimental data and also with earlier computations of the cross-section. We find that while earlier computations overestimated the photoionization cross section compared to experiment, the present MCTD computation underestimates the same.
Higher population genetic diversity within the algal symbiontDurusdiniuminPocillopora verrucosafrom Mexican Pacific reefs correlates with higher resistance to bleaching after the El Niño 2015–16 event

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Zooxanthellae are dinoflagellate algae belonging to the family Symbiodiniaceae that provide energy and oxygenation to corals, allowing them to develop a high calcification rate. Additionally, some species of these algal symbionts seem to be related to coral resistance to particular environmental conditions, and such responses have a high potential to cope with climate change and related phenomena. In this study, we examined the role of algal symbiont diversity in the resistance of corals to thermal stress along four coral reefs from the Mexican Pacific after the “El Niño” event of 2015–16. To assess the composition and genetic diversity of the populations of zooxanthellae, the 28S and ITS2 nrRNA genes were amplified and sequenced from a total of 102 fragments of Pocillopora verrucosa . The resulting phylogenetic trees of both molecular markers showed that all sequences were grouped within clade D corresponding to genus Durusdinium , closely related to the subtypes D1.1 and D1.2, respectively. The presence of this genus has been related to the ability of coral hosts to endure thermal stress. Analysis of haplotype networks showed a higher number of haplotypes for the ITS2 in comparison with the 28S marker, with 28 and 5 haplotypes, respectively. With the ITS2 marker, the haplotypes from Islote Zacatoso were differentiated with more mutational steps, showing the highest genetic diversity. This population was associated with corals that suffered a minimum coral bleaching during the El Niño event of 2015–16. Moreover, the population of Playa Las Gatas had the lowest genetic diversity in the area and showed the highest incidence of coral mortality and bleaching. In this way, we discuss the possible relationship between both local and external environmental conditions and current composition of zooxanthellae as modulators of the response of corals to thermal stress: higher genetic diversity of zooxanthellae seems to be related to high resistance to thermal stress.
New Features of Time Domain Electric-Field Structures in the Auroral Acceleration Region

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The Polar Satellite carries the first three-axis electric field detector flown in the magnetosphere. Its direct measurement of electric field components perpendicular and parallel to the local magnetic field has revealed new classes and features of electric field structures associated with the plasma acceleration that produces discrete auroras and that populates the magnetosphere with plasma of ionospheric origin. These structures, associated with the hydrogen ion cyclotron mode, include very large solitary waves, spiky field structures, wave envelopes of parallel electric fields, and very large amplitude, nonlinear, coherent ion cyclotron waves.
Chemical analysis and biological activities on solvent extracts from different parts of Rhus chinensis mill

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The present research is focused on the preparation of a variety of solvent extracts using different parts of Rhus chinensis Mill. for the estimation of phytochemicals and to perform biological activities. The highest phenolic and flavonoid contents were recorded as 141.48 ± 0.67 mg GAE/g in methanol root extract and 54.34 ± 0.28 mg QE/g in ethyl acetate root extract. Ethyl acetate root extract displayed an IC50 of 7.83 ± 0.18 µg/mL in the DPPH assay. TPC and TFC were found moderately correlated with antioxidant activity. The root and leaf extracts showed antibacterial activities comparable to those of standard drugs against the gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The MIC and MBC for root extract against Staphylococcus aureus were 7.8125 mg/mL and 15.625 mg/mL respectively. Similarly, the MIC and MBC for leaf extract against Escherichia coli were 15.625 mg/mL and 31.25 mg/mL respectively.
Top and Root Growth of Irrigated and Nonirrigated Soybeans1

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Root depth and distribution in the field were correlated with easily measurable above‐ground morphological paranfeters of soybeans ( Glycine max L. Merr. ‘Williams’) at specific physiological stages. Previous research on soybean rooting depth and distribution was conducted with pots or field soil containing a barrier limiting full expression of root development. Other studies sampled a limited numberof times in a barrier free soil. We investigated soybean root depth and distribution under irrigated and nonirrigated conditions in a deep barrier‐free Muir silt loam soll profile. Irrigated plots received a total of 28 cm of water in three furrow applications. We measured plant height and dry weight, root depth, root distribution, and leaf area index each time roots were sampled. Each soil increment sampled (75 cm wide, 7.5 on thick, and in 15 cm increments to the 180 cm depth) was soaked and roots washed free of soil using a 35‐mesh screen. We used neutron moderation and gravimetric sampling to obtain soil water measurements. Soybean roots reached the 160 cm depth in both irrigated and nonirrigated plots. Root depth increased faster than plant height. At physiological maturity, 67% of the soybeans' root dry matter was in the 0–15 cm layer and 89% in the 0‐90 cm layer of the irrigated soil compared with 51% in the 0‐15 cm layer and 83% in the 0–90 can layer of nonirrigated soil. A quick estimate of rooting depth after six node stage (V3) in nonirrigated soybeans, based on our work, would be twice the top height. With irrigated soybeans, root depth would be twice top height from V3 until pod development began (R5.5) and 1.4 ✕ top height thereafter. The coefficient of determination (R 2 ) for root depth vs. plant height was 0.994 and 0.987 for irrigated and nonirrigated soybeans, respectively.
Reflections of EU Migration and Refugee Crisis in Slovak Foreign and Security Policy

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

At the end of 2014, the numbers of irregular migrants and asylum seekers in the European Union began to sharply increase. This so-called European migration and refugee crisis culminated in 2015, but did not affect all EU Member States to the same extent. The aim of the paper is to evaluate the impacts of “the crisis” in the Slovak Republic. In addition to the recent developments in the area of irregular immigration and numbers of asylum applications, we focus on broader social, political and foreign policy implications. The research is primarily based on the analysis of the official statistics. We compare pre-crisis data, data in the period considered as “the crisis", and the current situation. The Slovak territory had not been influenced significantly by immigration flows during the European migration and refugee crisis. Nevertheless, migration flows became an important topic also in Slovakia: developments within the EU territory raised awareness on the topic among political representatives as well as among the Slovak public. The importance of migratory flows is growing. It reflects the increase in the volume of migratory flows but also how international migration is perceived and interpreted in society.
Independent Mexico in Documents: Independence, Empire, and Republic. A Calendar of the Juan E. Hernández y Dávalos Manuscript Collection, the University of Texas Library. Edited by Carlos Eduardo Castañeda. Compiled by Jack Autrey Dabbs. (México: Editorial Jus, 1954. Pp. xv, 604. Index. Paper.)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

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Americká zahraniční politika a kolumbijský mírový proces

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study analyzes American foreign policy with respect to Colombia since the beginning of the new millennium. The main pillar of this policy is a strategy called Plan Colombia. While the original reasoning behind Plan Colombia was to enforce better antinarcotic strategy to avoid cocaine distribution to the United States, by the time it morphed into a state-building effort. My main interest in this study is to answer the question whether Plan Colombia was successful and if so then whether it was a prerequisite for launching peace negotiations with the FARC and achieving durable peace. This study has several parts. At first, I shed a light into a situation in Colombia at the beginning of the new millennium and explain the motivation behind Plan Colombia. Next, I summarize the historical perspective and describe the most important events leading to the breakthrough which was the signing of the peace treaty with FARC. In the following section, I look more deeply into data about money transfers and I also analyze important socio-political indicators. In the conclusion, I explain why Plan Colombia was in my view a successful policy. I also discuss upon what was the success dependent.