jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Communication and Related Channel Phenomena in International Markets

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Abstract This is an attempt to investigate the relationship between communication and each of the channel phenomena of: manufacturer control over the dealer-agent, manufacturer role performance, dealer satisfaction and conflict between the two in an international setting; automobile manufacturers exporting to Saudi Arabia. The paper first discusses the impact of the level of economic development and culture on channel structure and operations. From a questionnaire data, constructs were developed, their reliability and validity ascertained. A positive association was hypothesized between communication and each of the first three constructs and a negative one hypothesized with conflict. Results indicated a significant positive association between communication and the manufacturer role performance and also with satisfaction. No association was detected between communication and control nor with conflict.
Angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity of hydrolysates obtained from muscle food industry by-products - a short report.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Enzymatic hydrolysate (Alcalase catalysed) was obtained from cracklings (CEH) and acid hydrolysates were prepared from cracklings (CAH) and chicken feathers (FAH). The degree of hydrolysis (DH) of CEH, CAH, and FAH were 14.0%, 53.8%, and 46.2%, respectively. The results of the SE-HPLC confirmed that small molecular weight peptides composed a considerable fraction of all hydrolysates. The crude hydrolysates exhibited angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity as determined using hippuryl-His-Leu as the substrate. The inhibition of ACE by CEH, CAH, and FAH was 72.3%, 50.0%, and 49.6% under identical assay conditions.
Wine Precipitate Identification, Identification of Ellagic Acid as a Precipitate from Loganberry Wine

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTWine Precipitate Identification, Identification of Ellagic Acid as a Precipitate from Loganberry WineV. L. Singleton, G. L. Marsh, and Monroe CovenCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1966, 14, 1, 5–8Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1966https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf60143a002https://doi.org/10.1021/jf60143a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views163Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Elusive Minimum Viable Population Size for White Sturgeon

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Damming of large rivers in the U.S. Pacific Northwest and Canada has divided the historical population of white sturgeon Acipenser transmontanus into more than 36 fragmented populations, few of which are thriving. We now face the challenge of managing these populations to avoid extirpation. Two goals of this study were to identify extinction thresholds related to small size and inadequate habitat for this species. The minimum viable population size (MVP) is the threshold size above which populations support recruitment and grow and below which populations fail to support recruitment and decline. We estimated a single, cross‐population MVP using data from multiple populations and quantile regression, which removed the effects of factors other than population size. Only two populations (those in the Bonneville and Dalles reservoirs on the Columbia River), both with significant increasing trends, were larger than our MVP estimate. We detected significant decreasing trends in two populations—those below Bonneville Dam and in the Kootenai River. To discover how site‐specific differences in river habitat influence MVP, we used a population viability analysis (PVA) model that incorporated Allee mechanisms. The PVA model identified a river segment length below which extinction was certain regardless of initial population size. Above this threshold, simulated populations in river segments that were longer or that provided more frequent recruitment opportunities were able to persist with smaller initial sizes. Two priorities emerged for white sturgeon: monitoring age structure and understanding the circumstances preventing recruitment to age 1. Our results ultimately guided us toward thresholds in rearing habitat and age structure that promise to develop into more useful conservation tools than MVP for this and similar long‐lived species.
Socio-Emotional Behaviors of Japanese Children during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

A novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, has spread widely throughout the world. To reduce the spread of infection, children are prevented from going to school and have fewer opportunities for in-person communication. Such changes in the everyday lives of children might influence their socio-emotional behaviors; however, the whole picture of the possible impact was not well known. This study examined socio-emotional behaviors of Japanese children (aged 4–9) during the pandemic and compared the data to the data before the pandemic. Children’s socio-emotional behaviors in an everyday context was assessed using the parent-reported Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. The results indicated that during the pandemic, children were more prosocial and experienced more problems in their peer relationships, but no differences were found in emotional symptoms, conduct problems, hyperactivity between before and during the pandemic. The findings suggest that the COVID-19 pandemic has mixed impacts on children’s socio-emotional behaviors, implying that this topic should be considered in broader and fuller perspectives.
Factor Structure and Psychometric Properties of the Danish Adaptation of the Instrument Quality in Psychiatric Care-Forensic In-Patient Staff (QPC-FIPS)

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

There is a need for an internationally standardized and psychometrically tested instrument to measure the perceptions of staff members on the quality of forensic inpatient care provided. The aim of the present study was to adapt the Swedish instrument Quality of Psychiatric Care-Forensic In-Patient Staff (QPC-FIPS) to the Danish context and to evaluate its psychometric properties and factor structure in this context. All permanently employed staff members at all 27 forensic inpatient wards in Denmark were invited to answer the Danish version of the QPC-FIPS. In total, 641 staff members participated, resulting in a response rate of 80%. The Danish version of the QPCFIPS showed adequate psychometric properties and excellent goodness of fit of the hypothesised factor structure. Hence, the Danish QPC-FIPS is an excellent instrument for evaluating quality of forensic inpatient care both in clinical practice and in cross-cultural research. The members of staff generally reported that the care provided to patients was of high quality. The quality of the forensic-specific dimension was rated the highest, followed by the support, secluded environment, encounter, discharge and participation. The quality of the secure environment dimension was perceived to be the worst. The QPC-FIPS includes important aspects of staff members’ assessments of quality of care and offers a simple and inexpensive way to evaluate psychiatric forensic inpatient care. The QPC-FIPS can be used together with the Quality of Psychiatric Care-Forensic In-Patient (QPC-FIP) instrument, which covers the same items and dimensions as the QPC-FIPS, to identify patients’ and staff members’ views on quality of care and to improve the quality of forensic psychiatric care and benchmarking.
Neurodevelopmental outcomes in young children born to HIV‐positive mothers in rural Yunnan, China

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Children born to HIV ‐infected mothers are at risk for neurodevelopmental delay. Little is known about the neurodevelopmental outcomes of infants and toddlers born to HIV ‐positive mothers but who were not themselves infected by HIV , especially in poor rural areas. This study was conducted to compare developmental outcomes between young children who were HIV exposed but uninfected ( HEU ), and their HIV unexposed and uninfected ( HUU ) peers in rural Yunnan, China. Methods A total of 250 HEU children aged 6–36 months and 250 HUU children matched for age, gender and residency were recruited from rural Yunnan, China. Neurodevelopmental outcomes were measured using Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development–Third Edition (Bayley III ). Multivariate analysis was performed to adjust for potential confounding effects of caregiver demographic data, maternal health status, birth outcome and children's health status. Results HIV exposed but uninfected children had significantly lower composite scores in Bayley III assessment than HUU children (in the cognitive domain: 90.34 vs 92.75, P <0.05; in the adaptive behavior domain: 77.04 vs 80.80, P < 0.05). On stepwise logistic regression analysis, HIV exposure ( OR , 1.45; 95% CI : 1.04–1.98) and child malnutrition ( OR , 1.67; 95% CI : 1.09–2.23) were risk factors for below‐average cognition development. Mother's low education and child anemia were significant risk factors for below‐average motor and adaptive behavior development. Conclusion Perinatal HIV infection may have a negative impact on neurodevelopment in young children. Other factors such as mother's education and child nutrition status may play important roles in child neurodevelopment, especially in resource‐poor areas. Further studies are needed to examine the long‐term effect of perinatal HIV infection on later childhood neurodevelopment.
On the distribution of stock-market returns - Implications of Evolutionary Finance

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Risk management and asset pricing benefit from simple functional descriptions of the distribution of real asset returns. Recently, several authors have proposed that asset returns in real stock markets are distributed according to a hyperbolic distribution. While asset returns are generated by trades over time, the natural question is: What does economic theory imply concerning return distributions? We propose a simple model of price formation and, thus, return distribution which is based on economic reasoning. The markets behavior is represented by a pair consisting of a time-constant strategy and a dynamical trading strategy generating a flow between funds. Simulations of the price dynamics generate returns with fat-tail behavior in line with that of a hyperbolic distribution.
Seymour Fractures: A Retrospective Review of Infection Rates, Treatment and Timing of Antibiotic Administration.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Early administration of antibiotics within 24 hours of injury is associated with a reduction in the development of infections. Patients with delayed antibiotic administration may be at high risk for early superficial infection or osteomyelitis. This study highlights the importance of early identification and appropriate treatment of Seymour fractures including the prompt administration of antibiotics following injury.
Biodegradation of acetonitrile by cells of Candida guilliermondii UFMG-Y65 immobilized in alginate, kappa-carrageenan and citric pectin

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Different encapsulation matrices were tested for immobilized cells of Candida guilliermondii UFMG-Y65 used for acetonitrile degradation. Acetonitrile degradation by free cells and cells immobilized in Ba-alginate, kappa-carrageenan and citric pectin was studied. The rate of acetonitrile degradation was monitored for 120 h by measuring yeast growth and ammonia concentration. Different alginate concentrations did not affect cell viability, but the period of incubation in BaCl2 solution reduced the number of viable cells. Likewise, the gel nature and the matrix structure of the support resulting from the cell immobilization conditions were of fundamental importance for biocatalyst activity and performance, affecting substantially the patterns of microbial growth and enzymatic activity. Alginate-immobilized cells degraded acetonitrile more efficiently than kappa-carrageenan or citric pectin-immobilized cells.
Dual-Mode Patterns Enabled by Photofluidization of an Azobenzene-Containing Linear Liquid Crystal Copolymer

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Creating dual-mode patterns in the same area of the material is an advanced method to increase the dimension of information storage, improve the level of encryption security, and promote the development of encoding technology. However, in situ, different patterns may lead to serious mutual interference in the process of manufacturing and usage. New materials and patterning techniques are essential for the advancement of noninterfering dual-mode patterns. Herein, noninterfering dual-mode patterns are demonstrated by combining the structural color and chromatic polarization, which is designed with an azobenzene-containing linear liquid crystal copolymer featuring a photofluidization effect. On the one hand, structural color patterns are imprinted via silicon templates with periodic microstructures after a UV-light-induced local transition of the polymer surface from a glassy to rubbery state. On the other hand, different polarization patterns based on the local photoinduced orientation of mesogens are created within the photofluidized region by the Weigert effect. Especially, the secondary imprinting is used to eliminate the partial damage to the structural color patterns during writing of the polarization patterns, thus obtaining dual-mode patterns without interference. This study provides a blueprint for the creation of advanced materials and sophisticated photopatterning techniques with potential cross-industry applications.
Effects of jejunoileal bypass on meal patterns in genetically obese and lean rats

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Jejunoileal bypass surgery, designed to reproduce the human operation (long bypass) was contrasted with a short bypass of only a few centimeters of ileum in both genetically obese rats and their lean littermates. In comparison with the short-bypassed rats, long-bypassed rats of both genotypes lost weight and reduced food intake. When adjustments were made for group differences before surgery, no significant differences were detected in the effectiveness of the operation on the two genotypes. The reduction in food intake was accomplished by a decrease in meal size and an increase in intermeal interval. Food intake gradually returned in the long-bypassed rats toward its level in the short-bypassed rats. This increase was accomplished by an increase in meal size alone. Intermeal intervals remained prolonged. In the long-bypassed rats, compared with the short, meal duration was initially elevated and gradually increased more than did meal size, indicating a great slowing of eating rate. Water intake was unaffected, but water-to-food ratio was elevated initially and gradually declined in the long-bypassed rats. Learned food aversion, dehydration, and gastrointestinal and metabolic alterations due to malabsorption are mentioned as possible contributors to the reduction in food intake, but none of these alone can account for all the changes in meal pattern by which intake reduction is accomplished.
Determination of the spin polarization of RFe2 (R = Dy, Er, Y) by point contact Andreev reflection

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Epitaxially grown intermetallic RFe2 (R = Dy, Er, Y) thin films have been studied by point contact Andreev reflection. Spin polarization values were extracted by fitting normalized conductance curves for mechanical Nb/RFe2 point contacts, using a modified Blonder-Tinkham-Klapwijk model. Good agreement is found between this model and the experimentally obtained data. Extracted values of spin polarization, which are close to the spin polarization of Fe, reveal no variation with the rare earth component for the measured intermetallic compounds. This suggests that using this technique we probe the Fe sub-lattice, and that this lattice drives spintronic effects in these compounds.
On the Genus Stoliczkaria , Dunc, and its Distinctness from Parkeria , Carpenter

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The last scientific work of Stoliczka, whose name will be always associated with the palæontology of India, was performed during the return of the second Yarkand expedition. A few days before his death he crossed the Karakoram Pass, and, travelling on, traversed the last geological scene he ever described. He wrote in his journal:—“At last we descended into a narrow gorge, the sides o: which, for fully a mile, consisted of a limestone conglomerate, the boulders of white, grey, or black limestone being well rounded and worn, and cemented together by a stiff bright red clay. Upon this followed dolomitic limestones, rather indifferently bedded, massive and white; and these were overlain by bluish shales and well-bedded limestones extending from about six miles north of Burtri to the camp. The limestones appear to be Triassic; they are compact with layers full of small Gasteropods, among which I noticed a Nerinæa . The so-called ‘Karakoram stones’ occur in dark shales below the limestones, which are capped by a yellowish-brown limestone, well bedded, but of unascertained age. The whole series dips north-west at a moderate angle”. It is to a group of the Karakoram stones that I venture to draw the attention of the Society. The stratigraphical position of the stones is lower than the Lias; and they may he Rhætic or Triassic in age.
Genetic Studies on the Dark-germination of Tobacco Seeds. : III. Analysis of Dark-germination as Affected by High Temperature

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The seed germination of tobacco varieties, Xanthi and Zichina I, which had the same high dark-germination percentage at 25'C, was investigated under various temperature and light conditions. When tested at a high temperature of 35'C, Xanthi showed the light-requiring property, while seeds of Zichina I germinated well nearly irrespective of the light conditions. The participation of phytochrome system was suggested by the fact that red and far-red photoreversibility clearly observed in Xanthi and slightly in Zichina I at 35'C. The low dark-germinability of Xanthi at 35'C was partially dominant to the high dark-germinability of Zichina I, and the heritability value estimated Lrom a selection experiment in F2 plants of the cross XanthiXZichina I was O.452.
COPING WITH TOURISTS

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Once content to sunbathe and follow guides and established itineraries, tourists are increasingly seeking authentic culture. This is taking them into the private areas and zones to which the locals retire in order to escape the tourist gaze, creating tensions between the two groups. Based on recent anthropological field studies, this book describes how European communities dependant on tourism have been affected by the commoditization of their culture and explores the ways they cope with the constant attention of outsiders. The collection demonstrates both varied and skillful ways in which individuals and communities react to and cope with the impact of decades of mass tourism on their lives and values, thus throwing new light onto questions of identity, boundary maintenance and cultural adjustment.
Management Strategies for Osteoporosis in the Aging Male: Focus on Zoledronic Acid

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Osteoporosis in men is an increasingly important clinical issue, that actually remains under-recognized and undertreated. Moreover there is no validated strategy for a systematic osteoporosis screening in men and decisions regarding treatment should be based on the absolute risk of fracture. Among the different treatment options, bisphosphonate therapy is becoming a mainstay in the treatment of male osteoporosis, even though evidence for the long-term efficacy and safety of therapies for osteoporosis in men remains limited. In this review, we report the current evidence on the use of zoledronic acid, a potent aminobisphosphonate that can be administered intravenously, for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis in men.
SPICQ, Ceslas, Theological Lexicon of the New Testament. English ed. of Notes de lexicographie néo-testamentaire, 1978 & 1982. Trans. & ed. James D. Ernest. 3 vols. Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, 1994. Pp. 1: 492, 2: 603, 3: 691. Cl. NP. ISBN 0-56563-035-1

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

126 BOOK REVIEWS SPICQ, Ceslas, Theological Lexicon of the New Testament. English ed. of Notes de lexicographie néo-testamentaire, 1978 & 1982. Trans. & ed. James D. Ernest. 3 vols. Peabody, MA: Hen- drickson, 1994. Pp. 1: 492, 2: 603, 3: 691. Cl. NP. ISBN 0-56563- 035-1. Ceslas Spicq was an internationally recognized scholar known especially for his commentaries L Epitre aux Hébreux, Saint Paul: Les Epitres Pastorales, and Les Epitres de Saint Pierre. It is from these commentaries that Spicq compiled the material that was eventu- ally to make up the Theological Lexicon. The original two volumes of Spicq's Notes
The Multifaceted Functions of CXCL10 in Cardiovascular Disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

C-X-C motif ligand 10 (CXCL10), or interferon-inducible protein-10, is a small chemokine belonging to the CXC chemokine family. Its members are responsible for leukocyte trafficking and act on tissue cells, like endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells. CXCL10 is secreted by leukocytes and tissue cells and functions as a chemoattractant, mainly for lymphocytes. After binding to its receptor CXCR3, CXCL10 evokes a range of inflammatory responses: key features in cardiovascular disease (CVD). The role of CXCL10 in CVD has been extensively described, for example for atherosclerosis, aneurysm formation, and myocardial infarction. However, there seems to be a discrepancy between experimental and clinical settings. This discrepancy occurs from differences in biological actions between species (e.g. mice and human), which is dependent on CXCL10 signaling via different CXCR3 isoforms or CXCR3-independent signaling. This makes translation from experimental to clinical settings challenging. Furthermore, the overall consensus on the actions of CXCL10 in specific CVD models is not yet reached. The purpose of this review is to describe the functions of CXCL10 in different CVDs in both experimental and clinical settings and to highlight and discuss the possible discrepancies and translational difficulties. Furthermore, CXCL10 as a possible biomarker in CVD will be discussed.