jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Internal‐Field‐Enhanced Charge Separation in a Single‐Domain Ferroelectric PbTiO3 Photocatalyst

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Ferroelectric materials with spontaneous polarization‐induced internal electric fields have drawn increasing attention in solar fuel production due to the intrinsic polarized structure. However, the origination of charge separation in these materials at the nano/microlevel is ambiguous owing to the complexity of the multielectric fields. Besides, the observed charge separation ability is far from theoretical expectation. Herein, by spatially resolved surface photovoltage spectroscopy, it is clearly demonstrated that the depolarization field in single‐domain ferroelectric PbTiO 3 (PTO) nanoplates is the main driving force for charge separation and it can effectively drive photogenerated electrons and holes to the positive and negative polarization facets, respectively. Moreover, the charge separation ability of PTO nanoplates increases with increasing particle size along the polarization direction, due to the increasing potential difference between the opposite polarization facets. Furthermore, this driving force for charge separation directly contributes to the enhancement of the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction activity in ferroelectrics. Finally, it is proved that the screening field compensates part of the depolarization field and can be diminished by adding a dielectric layer on the ferroelectric surface. These findings demonstrate the importance of increasing the depolarization field and decreasing the screening field for efficient charge separation in ferroelectric semiconductor photocatalysts.
Pentingnya Guru Pak Dalam Menanamkan Nilai-Nilai Kristiani Tehadap Anak-Anak Remaja Di SMP Negeri 25 Pontianak Terkhusunya Kelas VII Dan VIII

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The role of PAK teachers is very imporatant, especially in instilling Christian values in student and shaping the personality of student in accordance with Christian Values. Student at SMP NEGERI 25 PONTIANAK in terms of declined dud to a lack of spiritual guidance for them.With things like this without thinking of a solution for the future of students. basically parents of students have good expectations for spiritual growth in the future of their children.however, there are no PAK teachers who have teh determination to carry this out, so thet the attitudes and characteristics of students at SMP NEGERI 25 PONTIANAK are decreasing day by day and are not in line with their parents’ expecatations because there are no pak teachers who reach out to them. the role of PAK teachers has not maximally instilled Chirstian values in students to be applied in the lives of students.
Dealing with de Gaulle

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Kennedy and his advisers saw General Charles de Gaulle as the most serious obstacle to their "Grand Design," a set of policies designed to guide Western Europe toward political unity and economic and strategic coordination with the United States. JFK sought to create an "Atlantic partnership" in which the US and its North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) allies would share the burden of supplying economic aid to the developing world and form a united military front against Soviet expansionism. De Gaulle's determination to restore French independence and grandeur made him an unwilling partner. American officials believed his intransigence was rooted in an outdated and excessive form of French nationalism. Since France lacked sufficient forces and resources to meet the general's alleged hegemonic ambition, he appeared a "tragic" figure, or, as Under Secretary of State George W. Ball put it, "the brilliant anachronism who disrupted Europe by undertaking a tour de force beyond the reach of his extraordinary abilities."1
Clinical characteristics of transformation obsessions in obsessive-compulsive disorder: A psychopathological study

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Background: The obsession of turning into another person (transformation obsessions [TO]), and its related compulsions have been initially conceptualised as a form of mental contamination. Nevertheless, it has remained understudied in the current obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) literature. In parallel, disturbances of the self have been identified as markers of prodromal psychosis in patients with schizophrenia. Based on the later association, this study aimed to investigate the sociodemographic and clinical correlates of TO. Methods: In all, 1001 OCD outpatients from the Brazilian OCD Research Consortium were included in this study. Several semi-structured and structured instruments were used to compare 48 OCD patients with TO with 953 OCD patients without TO. A repression model investigated the relationships between the presence of current TO and statistically significant univariate test outcomes. Results: Participants with TO presented an overall younger age, a longer period of time between the onset of the OCD symptoms and an OCD diagnosis, greater severity of the sexual/religious dimension and increased suicidality symptoms. Conclusions: These results indicate that TO may be better conceptualised as a form of forbidden/taboo thoughts rather than contamination. While no significant associations with psychotic features (e.g. decreased insight) were observed, TO patients displayed increased suicidality, overall younger age and a significantly larger disparity between seeking treatment and OCD diagnosis. This demonstrates that further clinical awareness and research into TO as an OCD symptom is most needed.
Morphological predictors of acute complications after percutaneous excimer laser coronary angioplasty. Results of a comprehensive angiographic analysis: importance of the eccentricity index.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND Percutaneous excimer laser coronary angioplasty (ELCA) is a new technique for recanalization of arteries obstructed by coronary atherosclerosis. This study was conducted to assess the complication rate and determine the influence of clinical and angiographic characteristics on complications after ELCA. METHODS AND RESULTS A detailed, quantitative, angiographic core laboratory analysis of patients undergoing ELCA was performed by two experienced angiographers who were not the primary laser angioplasty operators. Two hundred patients underwent 203 separate procedures on 220 lesions at three medical centers. Laser success was achieved in 180 lesions (81.8%) and procedural success in 199 (90.5%). Emergency coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) was required in five patients (2.5%). One patient suffered a Q wave myocardial infarction; there were no deaths. Also, acute closure and perforation occurred in 10 (4.5%) and three (1.4%) vessels, respectively. Coronary dissections after laser treatment were seen in 36 vessels (16.4%). Multivariate analysis found two independent preprocedural factors related to complications: eccentricity index, which is the percent deviation of the lesion lumen from the center of the artery (p = 0.0007), and proximal vessel diameter (p = 0.033). In addition, an abrupt proximal face of the lesion was associated with angiographic complications by univariate analysis (p = 0.051). Multivariate analysis showed the eccentricity index (p = 0.032) to be the only independent predictor for the occurrence of any one or more of the important complications (emergency CABG, perforation, acute closure, or Q wave myocardial infarction), whereas lesion angle greater than 45 degrees was a significant univariate predictor (p = 0.029). Other predictors of complications with balloon percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty, such as increased lesion length, rough edges, calcification, ulceration, and branch point, were not predictive of complications with the excimer laser. CONCLUSIONS The degree of lesion eccentricity is the most powerful predictor of complications after ELCA. This and other morphological predictors may be of benefit in the selection of patients for ELCA as well as directing future development of this new technology.
An energy estimate for a perturbed Hasegawa-Mima equation

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

It is commonly believed that drift waves and drift-wave turbulence play a major role in the understanding of anomalous transport at the plasma edge of a tokamak fusion reactor. A one-field equation describing the electrostatic potential fluctuations in this regime is the so-called Hasegawa-Mima equation. If this equation is driven by some instability and damped by some hyperviscous term, the energy grows exponentially in time which is not consistent with the approximations made in the derivation of the equation. Numerical simulations of a perturbed Hasegawa-Mima equation which includes in addition a so-called nonlinearity showed that the energy saturates at a finite level. In this paper this numerical observation is proven analytically.
Accountability, effectiveness and efficiency

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Complying with legal rulings and performance mandates has presented challenges in many of New Jersey’s school districts, particularly poor and urban districts. This study examined the policy background as well as grounded experiences of key actors involved in the administration of the Quality Single Accountability Continuum (QSAC), a system of accountability for performance in the Jersey City school district, a state controlled school district. QSAC monitors and evaluates the performance of school districts in five key areas: Instruction and Program, Personnel, Fiscal Management, Operations, and Governance. Its objective is to establish an exit strategy for state-operated school districts, building capacity and strategies that will lead to the return of the schools to local control. Using a case study methodology involving legal and policy analysis along with in-depth interviews of school officials, this study addressed the following questions: 1. What were the legal and policy factors that led to the state takeover of the Jersey City School District and the implementation of the New Jersey Quality Single Accountability Continuum? 2. How do administrators in the Jersey City School District view QSAC and its impact on district and school improvement? 3. What structures or systems must exist to build district capacity, achieve district and school effectiveness and to establish a thorough and efficient system of education (as required by the New Jersey constitution)? The findings of the study suggest that agreement exists among many central district administrators, that the QSAC process provides a useful self-examination encouraging districts to achieve excellence. However, there is a disconnect between district and school level administrators. The primary finding further suggest that QSAC as a method of accountability for performance is largely connected to Instruction and Program and that a testing system under state control, absent district input, creates a disadvantage for school districts and schools. The study recommend John Kingdon’s (1984, 1995) theory on Public Policy and Policy Streams, establishing education Policy Communities, developing Policy Networks in urban and poor school districts similar to the Jersey City School District, is worth an examination to provide some guidance and solutions to achieving federal and state accountability for performance initiatives, district and school effectiveness.
IPSFS: Intuitionistic, pythagorean, and spherical fuzzy similarity computation package in R

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Finding similarities between objects is an important task in various fields of research. Advanced fuzzy logic-based similarity techniques are widely used in the literature for computing the similarity between objects. Despite the development of several similarity techniques in recent years, no fuzzy similarity measure package is available that can integrate all similarity techniques and assist a wide range of researchers, practitioners in performing their tasks efficiently. The package IPSFS is developed to compute the similarity among different objects. It includes several useful functions to compute the similarity between objects or items based on their intuitionistic, pythagorean, and spherical fuzzy relationships.
Study of the antimicrobial and fungicidal activity of the essential oil Thymus x citriodorus (Pers.) Schreb. var. “Silver Queen”

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The main problem of modern phytotherapy is the medicinal plants that have a sufficient raw material base and contain a large number of biologically active substances. Treatment of diseases with synthetic drugs leads to the development of resistance to pathogenic microflora and the appearance of allergic reactions. Therefore, to solve this problem, it is necessary to find new plant-based antimicrobials that are safe for long-term use and have a wide spectrum of action. The aim of the work was to study the antibacterial and fungicidal activity of the essential oil of Thymus x citriodorus (Pers.) Schreb. var. “Silver Queen”. Materials and methods. The essential oil of Thymus x citriodorus (Pers.) Schreb. var. “Silver Queen” was used for the experimental part. To test the antimicrobial and antifungal action of the essential oil, reference test strains, gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, as well as yeast-like fungi of the genus Candida were selected. The studies were performed in vitro using the disco-diffusion method. Results. Studies have shown that the essential oil of Thymus x citriodorus (Pers.) Schreb. var. “Silver Queen” has a significant antibacterial effect against S. aureus ATCC 25923 (diameters of growth inhibition were 14.60 ± 1.52 mm) and fungicidal effect Candida albicans ATCC 885-6530 (29.30 ± 2.82 mm). Antibacterial activity of the essential oil was detected in relation to E. coli (19.60 ± 1.85 mm). It was experimentally proven that the essential oil had no bactericidal effect on the test strain of P. aeruginosa. Conclusions. It was found that the essential oil of the studied hybrid species Thymus x citriodorus (Pers.) Schreb. var. “Silver Queen” shows a significant antibacterial activity and is promising for further research.
Genetic and Economic Consequences of Including Residual Food Consumption in a Multi-Trait Selection Program for Laying Hens

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Genetical and economical consequences of different breeding programs for laying hens were simulated with percent residual food consumption (PRFC) included in multi-trait selection indices. The breeding program was calculated to be 17% more efficient when PRFC was included in the sire and dam indices based on all available sources of information, compared with no information on food consumption. Records of food consumption on hens only are expected to be somewhat cheaper and almost as efficient as recording on both sexes (14%). A less expensive method, but one also calculated to be significantly less efficient (4%), is to record PRFC exclusively on cocks. The efficiency of the breeding program was calculated only to increase by 2% when preselecting for food consumption in very young chicks, and the correlated selection response in PRFC was much lower than the other alternatives discussed. Key Words: selection indicesfood recordssimulations
THE INFLUENCE OF ARCHITECTURAL SPACE ON THE LEARNING AND WELL-BEING OF CHILDREN AT THE REGINA ROCCO UNIFIED EDUCATIONAL CENTER IN SÃO BERNARDO DO CAMPO, SP

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The research aims to investigate the relationship between the school architectural environment and its influence on the learning, behavior and well-being of children in early childhood education, which includes children aged 4 to 6, with the Municipal School of Basic Education as its object of study.Regina Rocco House I, close to Vila São Pedro, in the municipality of São Bernardo do Campo, SP.In the theoretical framework, concepts about the importance of the physical environment, especially the educational environment, in early childhood education are deepened.Historical aspects of Unified Education Centers (CEUs) and their impact on the communities in which they are established are also covered.Furthermore, the evaluation criteria for the educational spaces in question are presented, based on concepts from Environmental Psychology and Neuroarchitecture.Next, the results obtained during the visit to EMEB Regina Rocco House I are presented, according to the "Walkthrough Tour" methodology, evaluating the environments according to the following criteria: shape and size of the environments, natural lighting, natural ventilation, materials, colors, furniture, playfulness, integration with nature and accessibility.In the final considerations, the positive and negative points of the evaluated educational environments are commented on, considering their impacts on children's learning and well-being and the methodology adopted, and finally addressing possible improvements.
The new concept for the heavy vehicles crossing in the large lowland riverbeds in the North East Strategic Direction

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The current method of crossing river channels by heavy vehicles involves engineering equipment such as the Motorized Floating Bridge. It has high efficiency when crossing regulated channels of large European Lowland rivers with stable hydrological conditions. In the case of unregulated rivers of the Polish Lowlands, this concept needs to be modified due to the high variability of water levels and the shape of the river bottom. This paper presents a new approach to crossing the channels of large lowland rivers by heavy vehicles. It is based on hydrological analyses and experience gained during many years of hydrographic, geological, and geomorphological studies conducted at the Department of Hydraulic Engineering and Applied Geology of the Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW).
Parameterizing a hydrological model using a short‐term observational dataset to study runoff generation processes and reproduce recent trends in streamflow at a remote mountainous permafrost basin

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Recent decades have seen a change in the runoff characteristics of the Suntar River basin in the mountainous, permafrost, hard‐to‐reach region of Eastern Siberia. This study aims to investigate and simulate runoff formation processes, including the factors driving recent changes in hydrological response of the Suntar River, based on short‐term historical observations of a range of hydrological, climatological and landscape measurements conducted in 1957–1959. The hydrograph model is applied as it has the advantage of using observed physical properties of landscapes as its parameters. The developed parametrization of the goltsy landscape (rocky‐talus) is verified by comparison of the results of simulations of variable states of snow and frozen ground with observations carried out in 1957–1959. Continuous simulations of streamflow on a daily time step are conducted for the period 1957–2012 in the Suntar River (area 7680 km 2 , altitude 828–2794 m) with mean and median values of Nash–Sutcliff criteria reaching 0.58 and 0.67, respectively. The results of simulations have shown that the largest component of runoff (about 70%) is produced in the high‐altitude area which comprises only 44% of the Suntar River basin area. The simulated streamflow reproduces the patterns of recently observed changes, including the increase in low flows, suggesting that the increase in the proportion of liquid precipitation in autumn due to air temperature rise is an important factor in driving streamflow changes in the region. The data presented are unique for the vast mountainous parts of North‐Eastern Eurasia which play an important role in the global climate system. The results indicate that parameterizing a hydrological model based on observations allows the model to be used in studying the response of river basins to climate change with greater confidence.
Cerebrocostomandibular syndrome: Case report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Summary: Cerebro-costo-mandibular syndrome is described as rib gap defects associated with the signs of Pierre Robin Syndrome such as micrognathia, posterior localization of the tongue and partial obstruction of the upper respiratory tract. Cerebro-costo-mandibular syndrome, mainly characterized by developmental rib abnormalities, micrognathia, glossoptosis and frequently cleft palate was first described as prenatal growth defect in 1966. The typical finding of the disease is rib gap defects. As a result of these rib gap defects the thorax is narrowed, expansion of the lungs is restricted and respiratory distress is occured. A 5-day-old male baby was administered to emergency room with respiratory distress and he was diagnosed as cerebro-costo-mandibular syndrome because of his small thorax and the significant abnormalities of first to sixth ribs which are initially seen as fractures. He was the first child of consangious parents and had dysmorphic face features, small and low located ears, high hard palate and micrognathia. The baby died when he was 3-month-old because of respiratory tract infection. We reported the case for its rarely seen situation and to put the diagnosis &quot;Serebro-costo-mandibular syndrome&quot; in mind if costal abnormalities is associated with Pierre Robin Syndrome findings.
A Qualitative Investigation of Imagery Use and Meta-Imagery Processes among Elite Canoe-Slalom Competitors

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Imagery research has accumulated in two main waves since it was first investigated over a century ago. Firstly, in a period roughly extending over a century from the 1890s to the 1990s, several hundred experiments focused on the efficacy of the "mental practice" effect. More recently, attempts to shed light on the precise tasks or functions for which athletes use visualization in actual sport situations have led to an upsurge in imagery research. Central to this second wave of research is the imagery use framework (Hall et al., 1998), which has led to over 20 studies. Unfortunately, despite making significant advances these studies have a number of limitations, including a failure to include elite participants and the fact that they have largely overlooked meta-imagery abilities of the athletes. To address these issues, semi-structured interviews were used to explore imagery experiences among elite athletes. Canoe-slalom, which had been subject to previous research on imagery (e.g., White & Hardy, 1998), was the chosen sport. Five female and seven male elite level competitors (age= 25 years; SD = 4.16) participated. Findings from the elite athlete sample were inconsistent with previous research with regard to the motivational function of images. Furthermore, the athletes demonstrated a sophisticated understanding of imagery processes including imagery of realistic behaviours rather than perfect performance. Interestingly, the frequency of debilitative imagery was surprising given previous findings but may have been a consequence of the qualitative methods employed. Finally, examination of the meta-imagery construct proved valuable and is worthy of further research.
Conformation of syn- and anti-3-substituted cis-hexahydrocarbazoles from nuclear magnetic resonance coupling constants

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Double-irradiation experiments have been used to interpret the n.m.r. spectra of the methiodides of syn- and anti-3-substituted N-methyl-cis-hexahydrocarbazoles. The Karplus relation and conformational theory have been used qualitatively to rationalise the characteristic splitting patterns and coupling involving the ring junction protons, thus distinguishing between alternative conformations.For the syn-series and the 3,3-dimethyl compound it is suggested that the alicyclic ring adopts a rigid shallow boat conformation. The anti-compounds are probably conformationally mobile at probe temperature.