jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Who are we?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Changes in the meaning of individualism in a Finnish American “Uniontown” reveal the tensions created by the ongoing conflict coloring Finnish identity in an overarching American society. Ideological and social structural ambiguities involved in the process of change are encapsulated in local stereotypes about Finns. These stereotypes seem to be based upon (1) the cultural imagery of peasant traditionalists promoted by a folk festival (2) the visibility of Finnish immigrant workers in the fishing industry and (3) historical political conflict. Drawing on fieldwork and archival data, the author suggests that an analysis of the expressive and instrumental uses of these stereotypes reveals a pattern of conflict and accommodation to an ongoing modernizing process.
A quantitative study of the benefits of co-regulation using the spoIIA operon as an example

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The distribution of most genes is not random, and functionally linked genes are often found in clusters. Several theories have been put forward to explain the emergence and persistence of operons in bacteria. Careful analysis of genomic data favours the co-regulation model, where gene organization into operons is driven by the benefits of coordinated gene expression and regulation. Direct evidence that co-expression increases the individual's fitness enough to ensure operon formation and maintenance is, however, still lacking. Here, a previously described quantitative model of the network that controls the transcription factor sigmaF during sporulation in Bacillus subtilis is employed to quantify the benefits arising from both organisation of the sporulation genes into the spoIIA operon and from translational coupling. The analysis shows that operon organization, together with translational coupling, is important because of the inherent stochastic nature of gene expression which skews the ratios between protein concentrations in the absence of co- regulation. The predicted impact of different forms of gene regulation on fitness and survival agrees quantitatively with published sporulation efficiencies.
Decentralized Security Systems in Hybrid War Conditions with an Emphasis on the Security System in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Combining all hitherto known forms and methods of conventional and unconventional warfare, hybrid warfare is increasingly replacing classical military conflicts and is gradually changing into the primary form of realizing state interests, independently or within military-political alliances. No period in the history of human civilization has been marked by such an intensity of war conflicts as the last century. Apart from the two largest war conflicts in history, in which almost all countries of the world were involved, the last century was also marked by the Cold War.
The red castle of Castellorizo: the island’s strategic significance and the castle’s historical representations

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This paper aims to present the Knight's Castle on the island of Castellorizo by analysing its history and construction, thus to compare its current situation with historical references.In the 14 th century, the Knights of St. John reached Castellorizo on their way to Rhodes.The strategic and commercial reasons why the Knights settled on an island far away (110km) from their headquarters in Rhodes are going to be analysed thoroughly in this paper.What remains today from the medieval fortifications on the island, includes a tall tower (17.5x22m), surrounded by a well-built outer wall at the north.These fortifications are enhanced by three smaller circular towers: 2 of them placed in the north while the other one is situated east of the big central tower.The central tower is reinforced by a scarpa in the south; an element to be investigated for its existence and chronological construction.The archaeologist Albert Gabriel having visited the island in 1916 proposed some important representations of the St. Nicolas castle.Specifically, in his representation of the castle, he suggests that the port's fortifications were significantly extended including other constructions (pavillon, passerelle, poterne, courtines) do not currently exist.Gabriel's representation of the castle is going to be compared with its current condition through sketches, old photographs and 3d models examining and analysing the evolution of the island's fortifications.
Study of usefulness of budesonide nebulization in oxygen dependent preterm newborns in NICU

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Increased duration of neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) stay of preterm neonates have becoming an emotional and financial burden to parents leading to very high chances of parents discontinuing the treatment and thus increased morbidity and mortality of neonates. Oxygen dependency is the major cause of the prolonged NICU stay for the neonates having respiratory illness like respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS), and pneumonia. Inhaled budesonide being a safe immunosuppressor has shown the promising result in the treatment of these immune system activated respiratory disorders of neonate and thus reduction of oxygen dependency and later reducing the hospital stay duration. The intent of this study is to evaluate the usefulness of inhaled budesonide in such respiratory disorders of neonate. Methods: A randomized controlled trial involving 60 oxygen dependent neonates in NICU was conducted from July 2021 to March 2023. Results: Budesonide nebulization decreased the duration of oxygen dependency of neonates and thus reduced NICU stay. Conclusions: Budesonide nebulization is associated with improvements in respiratory parameters in neonates with RDS, MAS, Pneumonia leading to early oxygen weaning and early discharge.
A CONTROLLED PROSPECTIVE TRIAL OF THE PROPHYLACTIC EFFECT OF A SINGLE DOSE OF IVERMECTIN AGAINST ONCHOCERCA VOLVULUS

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A clinical trial was conducted in Cameroon in order to evaluate in humans the possible effect of a single dose of ivermectin (150 μg per kg) on the pre-adult stages of O n c h o c e rc a vo lvu lus. The incidence of the skin microfilariae was measured in two groups of patients w h o initially had negative biopsies, and w h o were subsequently treated, immediately after the seasonal peak of transmission of O. vo lvu lus, either with a combination of ivermectin + ferrous sulphate, or with ferrous sulphate alone. O n e year after the treatment, i.e. 14 months after the start of the transmission period, the proportion of patients with positive skin biopsies, and their mean microfilarial loads, did not differ significantly between the two groups. Thus a single dose of ivermectin does not seem to have any perceptible prophylactic effect against O. v o lv u lu s. KEY W O R DS: onchocerciasis, Onchocerca volvulus, ivermectin, c lin ica l trial, p rophylaxis, humans, C am eroon.
Introduction of glass into England

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Introduction of glass into England Get access D. M. D. M. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume s1-V, Issue 129, 17 April 1852, Page 382, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/s1-V.129.382a Published: 17 April 1852
Building maintenance priority assessment for building components

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The aim of the research was to identify the building structure components that needed to be fixed first according to the priority assessment. The object of the research was traditional market buildings in West Jakarta managed by PD Pasar Jaya. The research was conducted through a survey, sending out questionnaires, and conducting interviews with experts. Building components were analysed using relative importance index to identify the most important building components to be maintained. Out of 135 building components there are 32 building components which are identified to be important. Through analytical hierarchy process (AHP), 9 building components need to be mitigated to avoid further damage to the traditional market building.
Characterization of multiple absorbed constituents in rats after oral administration of Paederia scandens decoction

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Paederia scandens (Lour.) Merri. (Jishiteng in Chinese) is a Chinese traditional medicine widely used in treating various diseases. However, its active components have remained unknown. In the present study, a rapid and sensitive method by high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HPLC‐MS n ) techniques was employed to investigate the absorbed constituents in rats after oral administration of Paederia scandens decoction. By comparing their MS data with those of authentic compounds and published data, a total of six compounds (paederosid, 1; paederosidic acid, 2; paederosidic acid methyl ester, 3; 6‐hydroxy geniposide, 4; asperuloside, 5; and deacetyl asperuloside, 6) were identified in the P . scandens decoction samples. In addition, a total of seven compounds, including three iridoid glucosides and four of their metabolites, were identified in rat urine samples after administration. In addition, six compounds, including four iridoid glucosides and two of their metabolites, were identified in rat serum samples after administration. Our results significantly narrow the range of potentially active compounds in P . scandens decoction, and build a solid foundation for future research on its mechanism. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Romanian Military Policy in the 1980s

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Romanian military policy has evolved from a faithful imitation of Soviet doctrine and direction to a Romanian version of "people's war." All Romanian teenagers receive preinduction military training. "Units of youth receiving military training" participate with the armed forces and the Patriotic Guards in national defense. The armed forces, in which all Romanians of both sexes are required to serve, play an essential part in the political socialization of youth. Romanian military policy has provided the country with a credible defense, an essential factor in the leadership's ability to pursue national policies which deviate from the bloc norm without eliciting intervention. The November 1978 crisis in Romanian-Soviet relations was only the most evidence of Nicolae Ceausescu's determination to pursue a national military policy, a decision for "factories over guns." One may conclude, therefore, that Romanian military policy in the 1980s will remain essentially that pursued in the 1970s, barring internal upheaval or external intervention.
Closure of interposition mesocaval shunt in a case of idiopathic portal hypertension.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Interposition mesocaval shunt for hemorrhagic esophageal varices was carried out in a patient with idiopathic portal hypertension without preoperative hepatic dysfunction. The esophageal varices were controlled, but the hemodynamics of the portal vein subsequently underwent gradual change and attacks of hepatic encephalopathy occurred frequently the following year. Therefore, the shunt was closed after about 2 yr. Hepatic encephalopathy disappeared after this surgery, but the varices obviously worsened on the 5th postoperative day and bled spontaneously on the 33rd postoperative day. A distal splenorenal shunt constructed 35 days after the operation resulted in the reduction, but not the complete disappearance, of esophageal varices. Episodes of hepatic encephalopathy or bleeding from the esophageal varices were not observed in the 24 months following the second shunt surgery.
A Network-Based Method for the EMU Train High-Level Maintenance Planning Problem

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Electric Multiple Unit (EMU) high-level maintenance planning is a typical discrete system. EMU high-level maintenance (HM) planning determines when to undergo HM or execute transportation task for train-sets, based on practical requirements such as passenger transport demand, workshop maintenance capacity, and maintenance regulations. This research constructs a time-state network that can display the transformation processes between different states. On this basis, a path based model and its improvement are developed to minimize the HM costs with consideration of all necessary regulations and practical constraints. To handle the solution space, a path set generation method is presented. A real-world instance from Shanghai Railway, which is the largest affiliate in China Railway Corporation, was conducted to demonstrate the efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed approach, which indicates that the model can be solved to optimum within short computational times by the state-of-the-art solver Gurobi. Moreover, a sensitivity analysis was also performed to evaluate the effects of the variation in average daily operating mileage, HM capacity at the depot and the assumed minimum value of cumulative mileage.
Increased incidences of multidrug-resistant gonorrhea in Taiwanese men: Experiences from a single institute

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives: Our objective was to examine the detection rate of routine urine cultures and genital discharge swab cultures for the detection of gonococcal urethritis in male patients. In addition, we evaluated the results of urinalysis for gonococcal infections and investigated the drug sensitivity of Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains isolated from these patients. Materials and methods: From August 2009 to October 2015, 202 men diagnosed with gonococcal infection, based on the results of a urine culture or genital discharge swab culture, were enrolled in this study. Initial clinical symptoms and urinalysis results were collected. The susceptibility of N. gonorrhoeae to penicillin, cefmetazole, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, cefuroxime, ceftriaxone, and ofloxacin were determined using agar plate dilution method. Results: The mean age of the patients was 29.67 ± 10.39 years, and 157 of the 202 male patients (87.6%) were aged between 15 years and 34 years. We determined that the diagnostic value of genital discharge swab culture was significantly higher than that of the urine culture (90.9% vs. 67.4%, respectively). Genital or urethral discharge is the major symptom in these patients (88.89%). The susceptibility of N. gonorrhoeae to cefuroxime, cefmetazole, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, penicillin, and ciproxin revealed an increasing prevalence of resistant strains in recent years. Conclusion: Genital discharge swab culture is a more effective method than urine culture to detect gonorrhea in patients with dysuria and urethral discharge. The increasing numbers of antibiotic-resistant N. gonorrhoeae strains is a major problem in treating gonococcal urethritis.
The Decision Support System BodenseeOnline for Hydrodynamics and Water Quality in Lake Constance

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Lake Constance is a large prealpine lake. It is an unregulated natural body of water which is of very high cultural and ecological value, a unique tourist attraction, and an important drinking water resource. The Lake is an international water body, located between Germany, Switzerland, and Austria (Fig.1). It drains a total catchment area of 11 000 km2 with an average annual total discharge of 12 km3/a from a considerable number of tributaries, of which the Alpenrhein provides about 60%. The lake has a total volume of 48 km3 and consists of two parts: the upper basin with a surface area of about 473 km2, extending over a length of more than 60 km, and the lower basin with about 63 km2, which is located downstream and connected by a short river reach (Seerhein) in Konstanz. The upper basin has an average depth of 90 m, with a maximum depth of 254 m and several extended shallow areas along the shoreline. The Bodensee region was settled in prehistoric times and since then has played a prominent role in European history. In the last century, the area has experienced a fast economic growth, industry developments, and considerable population growth. At the same time, the natural lake at the rim of the Alps has become a unique tourist attraction. These developments have led to increasingly negative effects upon the lake water quality, which have triggered a combined effort of the riparian states. In 1959, the “Internationale Gewasserschutzkommission Bodensee (IGKB)” (International water protection commission for Lake Constance) was formed, and the riparian states have taken consequential steps for reducing the waste water inputs into the lake. Within several decades, these efforts have lead to a continuous improvement of the lake water quality, which by now has reached nearly its natural quality again, which meets drinking water standards.
Notes on algae from the Tropical Atlantic Ocean—V

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A new record for Rhodochaete parvula Thuret in the Western Hemisphere is provided (Jamaica). Three little components of the intertidal algal felt from West Indian and Central American rocks are discussed: Gymnogongrus minutus (Dominica) and Gelidium nova-granatensis (Colombia) as new species, Pterocladia bartlettii var. musciformis (Jamaica) as a new variety. Certain features of Zonaria, Pocokiella and Stypopodium are discussed and a revised key to separate them is given.
Meta-analysis of Low-versus High-dose Benralizumab in Adults with Uncontrolled Eosinophilic Asthma

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The aim of the present study was to assess the non-inferiority of low-dose benralizumab relative to high-dose benralizumab as a treatment option for uncontrolled eosinophilic asthma through a meta-analysis of efficacy and safety in randomized controlled trials (RCTs). PubMed, the Cochrane Library Database, and Scopus were searched to identify relevant articles. Outcome measures were a change in the Asthma Control Questionnaire-6 (ACQ-6) score and the exacerbation rate. In addition, the meta-analysis assessed the incidence of adverse events, injection site reactions, and pyrexia or influenza-like illness. Two RCTs with two doses of benralizumab (20 and 100mg) and a placebo for the treatment of uncontrolled eosinophilic asthma met the criteria and were included in the present study. Non-inferiority of low-dose (20mg) versus high-dose (100mg) benralizumab was shown for the change in ACQ-6 score, exacerbation rate, and the incidence of adverse events, injection site reactions, and pyrexia or influenza-like illness. Although not significant, the incidence of pyrexia or influenza-like illness was lower in patients treated with low-dose benralizumab. These results suggest that low-dose (20mg) benralizumab is effective for symptom control and reduction of exacerbation rate in uncontrolled eosinophilic asthma, with lower treatment costs.
Translational Velocity of Warm Core Rings Relative to the Slope Water

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Five warm Core rings were examined during short time intervals using thermal infrared satellite imagery. A total of 12 pairs of observations of these rings were made, all east of 72°W. The observations concentrated on the translational velocity of the rings and the mean velocity of the surrounding slope water. The mean translational velocity of the rings was found to be 8.5 ± 3.1 cm s−1 at 282° from north. The mean velocity of the surrounding slope water, determined from a combination of in situ observations with a depth weighting based on theoretical arguments, was 5.2 ± 0.3 cm s&−1 at 258°. The difference, i.e., the velocity of the ring relative to the slope water, was 4.6 ± 3.0 cm s−1 at 208°, or, in component form, these rings were found to move relative to the surrounding slope water with a mean northward component of 2.8 ± 1.7 cm s−1 and a mean westward component of 3.2 ± 2,3 cm s−1. The observations presented here are in disagreement with previous observations of ring displacements which show a general southerly trend, as well as with most theoretical analyses of eddy propagation which show either westward or southwestward velocities. Previous observational studies, however, examined warm core rings over long periods of time, periods during which the rings invariably interacted with the continental shelf, with the Gulf Stream and/or with other rings. Because the continental shelf constrains rings to move generally in a southwesterly direction it is not surprising that estimates derived over long periods show a southerly trend. Only rings free of such interactions were considered in this study. This resulted in the observation intervals being short (12–36 h) and in a limited number of observations (12), hence in a relatively high uncertainty in the estimates. Nevertheless we note that 8 of the 12 observations showed a northward component. Finally, previous observational results dealt only with the rings' absolute velocities, not their relative velocities.
Decreased renal protein expression of adrenomedullin and RAMP2 is associated with impaired pressure‐natriuresis in human GRK4γ 142V transgenic mice (1136.4)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We have reported that the expression of the human GPCR kinase 4γ142V variant (hGRK4γ142V)in mice causes hypertension, related in part to the dysfunction of renal GPCRs, such as impaired D1 and D3 dopamine receptor function and increased angiotensin type 1 receptor (AT1R)function. The natriuretic and diuretic effects of the D1‐like dopamine receptor agonist fenoldopam are impaired in hGRK4γ142V, relative to hGRK4γ wild‐type (hGRK4γWT) transgenic mice. GRK4 has also been reported to negatively regulate adrenomedullin (ADM), a natriuretic hormone like dopamine. Therefore, we evaluated the expression of sodium transporters, ADM and components of its receptor, RAMP2 (receptor activity modified protein), CLCR (calcitonin‐like calcitonin receptor) and ADMRL2 (ADM receptor L2) in the kidneys of hGRK4□γ142V mice on normal NaCl (0.8%)diet.Blood pressure was elevated in hGRK4γ142V transgenic (129.3±10.4, mm Hg) but not in GRK4γWT (101.7±6.3), relative to non‐transgenic (NT) (99.8±1.8) mice(n=4/group).Theplot of urine sodium excretion and blood pressure in anesthetized GRK4γ142V transgenic mice was shifted to the right of GRK4γWT□transgenic mice.Protein expressions of ADM (‐37±4%) and RAMP2 (‐36±16%) were decreased in hGRK4γ142V transgenic mice, although these remained unchanged in GRK4γWTtransgenic mice, relative to NT mice. CLCR and ADMRL2 werenot altered. Of the 8 sodium transporters, only NKCC2 was increased in GRK4γ142V transgenic mice (+297±72%). ADM immunofluorescence, which was mainly observed in the renal cortex, was decreased in GRK4γ142V transgenic relative to NT mice. Our data suggest that GRK4γ142V and/or the dysfunction of the dopamine and AT1 receptors caused by this variant decreases ADM/RAMP2 expression and increases NKCC2 expression in the kidney.These changes may contribute to the impaired sodium excretion and increased blood pressure in GRK4γ142V transgenic mice. Grant Funding Source : Supported by the National Institutes of Health (HL068686,HL023081,HL074940,HL092916 and DK090918)
Three Species of Dematiaceous hyphomycetes in Suburb of Zhengzhou

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

[Objective]The aim was to study the Dematiaceous hyphomycetes survival in the deadwood in suburb of Zhengzhou. [Method]Using morphological description,drawings and photomicrography,40 deadwood specimens from suburb of Zhengzhou were collected to investigate Dematiaceous hyphomycetes. [Result] Three species were obtained,they were Cephalotrichum inflatus,Corynespora cassiae and Torula graminis. [Conclusion]The study will lay a foundation for understanding Dematiaceous hyphomycetes resources in deadwood in Central Plain.