jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Morphology and electrophysiology of guinea pig gastric mucosal repair in vitro

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Guinea pig gastric mucosae stripped of their outer muscle layers were studied in Ussing chambers for up to 14 h. Ten minutes after the mucosae were mounted in the chamber, the electrical parameters were low but continued to rise over 90 min until steady-state potential difference (PD), resistance (R), and short-circuit current (Isc) were recorded. Morphological analysis during the first 10 min of the tissue in the chamber revealed gaps in the epithelium due to damaged cells. However, tissues examined after 20 min in the chamber showed little evidence of epithelial discontinuity. Thereafter, the initial rise in the electrical parameters was noted. After steady-state attainment, the lumen was exposed to 1.25 M NaCl for 5 min and then changed back to 150 mM NaCl. Ten minutes after washout and return to control solutions, the PD, R, and Isc had fallen to low values. At 30 min after washout of the NaCl, the PD, R, and Isc began to increase and after 2 h were back to control values. Morphological analysis of mucosae fixed up to 10 min after exposure to 1.25 M NaCl showed extensive damage and exfoliation of surface cells. However, by 30 min the epithelium was restored and had very few discontinuities, which was then followed by the return of the electrical parameters. The conclusions from these studies are 1) guinea pig gastric mucosae exposed to hypertonic NaCl on the luminal side will primarily result in surface epithelial cell destruction with an immediate drop in the transepithelial electrical values; 2) after return to isotonic saline the damaged mucosa can repair itself within minutes, which then allows the reestablishment of the transepithelial electrical parameters by 2 h; and 3) the good viability and reproducibility of this preparation present a suitable mammalian model system for the study of factors of mucosal repair.
Law for Historians: William Blackstone on Wives, Colonies and Slaves

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

We are often exhorted to break down the various barriers inhibiting free commerce between the academic disciplines. So far as law and history are concerned, such urgings are almost redundant. While historians have long drawn upon legal records and texts as sources of evidence about the widest conceivable range of individual and social experience, legal argument and doctrine frequently embody much at least quasi-historical content. Yet problems can arise when historians employ legal sources, no less than when lawyers seek to bring historical evidence into court. The great legal historian F W Maitland famously suggested that historians and lawyers operate on quite distinct wavelengths, using two different modes of argument; these he characterised as 'the logic of authority and the logic of evidence'. Lawyers, according to Maitland, are primarily interested in finding legal authorities, the more recent the better, with which to support the cases of their clients. Historians, on the other hand, recognize themselves as bound by no authority, except evidence bearing on the event or phenomena they study; generally speaking, the closer that evidence in time to their subject, the greater its credibility and utility.
Decreased Phosphorylation of Polyphosphoinositides in the Erythrocyte Membrane of Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

1. The distribution and metabolism of inositol phospholipids were studied in the erythrocyte membrane of spontaneously hypertensive and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats. The incorporation of 32P into these lipids was considered as an index of their turnover, and a reflection of their metabolism. 2. With [γ-32P]ATP as the source of label only the polyphosphoinositides (diphosphoinositide and triphosphoinositide) incorporated 32P. The levels of labelling were lower in hypertensive than in normotensive rats. Our data indicate that, in the hypertensive rats, the kinases responsible for the labelling of polyphosphoinositides exhibited decreased Vmax. for ATP. 3. These changes may be related to those described for calcium binding and transport in the erythrocyte of spontaneously hypertensive rats.
Quantitative proteomics reveals the importance of nitrogen source to control glucosinolate metabolism in Arabidopsis thaliana and Brassica oleracea

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Accessing different nitrogen (N) sources involves a profound adaptation of plant metabolism. In this study, a quantitative proteomic approach was used to further understand how the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana adjusts to different N sources when grown exclusively under nitrate or ammonium nutrition. Proteome data evidenced that glucosinolate metabolism was differentially regulated by the N source and that both TGG1 and TGG2 myrosinases were more abundant under ammonium nutrition, which is generally considered to be a stressful situation. Moreover, Arabidopsis plants displayed glucosinolate accumulation and induced myrosinase activity under ammonium nutrition. Interestingly, these results were also confirmed in the economically important crop broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica). Moreover, these metabolic changes were correlated in Arabidopsis with the differential expression of genes from the aliphatic glucosinolate metabolic pathway. This study underlines the importance of nitrogen nutrition and the potential of using ammonium as the N source in order to stimulate glucosinolate metabolism, which may have important applications not only in terms of reducing pesticide use, but also for increasing plants’ nutritional value.
Work in progress - the role of engineering colleges in providing technological literacy

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper addresses some of the most important questions regarding the role of engineering colleges in providing technological literacy programs throughout national-level colleges and universities. While addressing the issues of technological literacy is of utmost importance at the national level and has been encouraged by influential groups such as the National Association of Engineers (NAE), the National Science Foundation (NSF), and other national agencies, the process of how to achieve it is still under debate. Engineering colleges seem to be natural places for leading these activities. However, engineering faculty in general are not generally used to teaching non-engineering students. This paper addresses challenges and discusses how to make such programs effective by involving other faculty from non-engineering disciplines.
A decade of liver transplantation at Mayo Clinic in Florida.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We have utilized deceased donor livers to maintain low mortality on the wait list, to provide a significantly high transplant rate, and to achieve excellent graft and patient outcomes at 3 months, one year, and 3 years, surpassing the national and expected averages. We have also shown that reLT remains a durable option for patients with recurrent disease including recurrent HCV, that DCD livers continue to be a viable source of donor grafts, and that LT in patients with high BMI produces acceptable outcomes.
MOESM1 of An alarming rise of non-albicans Candida species and uncommon yeasts in the clinical samples; a combination of various molecular techniques for identification of etiologic agents

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Additional file 1. Agarose gel electrophoresis photos of PCR–RFLP taken from primary screening and repeat experiments. Fig S1. Agarose gel electrophoresis for PCR–RFLP; from left to right: C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. glabrata, C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. albicans, C. glabrata, and 100 bp DNA size Marker. Fig S2. Agarose gel electrophoresis for PCR–RFLP; from left to right: C. glabrata, C. parapsilosis, C. tropicalis, C. albicans, C. albicans, No band, C. albicans, C. albicans (dim band), and 100 bp DNA size Marker. Fig S3. Agarose gel electrophoresis for PCR–RFLP; from left to right: C. albicans, C. tropicalis, C. albicans, C. albicans, C. albicans, Mixed bands (C. albicans, and C. kefyr), C. albicans, C. albicans, C. albicans, C. albicans, C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. glabrata, C. tropicalis, C. albicans, and 100 bp DNA size Marker. Fig S4. Agarose gel electrophoresis for PCR–RFLP; from left to right: C. parapsilosis, C. parapsilosis, C. parapsilosis, C. parapsilosis, C. parapsilosis, No band, and 100 bp DNA size Marker. Fig S5. Agarose gel electrophoresis for PCR–RFLP; from left to right: C. albicans, C. albicans, C. albicans, C. albicans, C. albicans, C. albicans, C. albicans, C. albicans, C. albicans, and 100 bp DNA size Marker. Fig S6. Agarose gel electrophoresis for PCR–RFLP; from left to right: C. tropicalis, C. parapsilosis, C. albicans, albicans, albicans, and 100 bp DNA size Marker.
Decision support in selecting maintenance organization

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Selecting a satisfactory maintenance organization to support costly and technologically advanced assets with a long life‐cycle is not easy. There are numerous objectives to fulfill and many are changing. There are many fuzzy and multi‐dimensional decision criteria and significant uncertainties and risks. Additionally, stakeholders from industry and government may not share similar interests, and this restricts the range of alternative solutions. Yet, we must select the complete maintenance organization for these assets to ensure product integrity through life compliant to end‐user needs. This paper discusses how the Analytic Hierarchy Process is applied in a method to identity the preferred maintenance organization for one particular weapons system of the Norwegian Army. We also find it necessary to evaluate the robustness of the decision using Monte Carlo simulations and to employ sensitivity analyses to identify critical success factors.
Mouse models of acute exacerbations of allergic asthma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Most of the healthcare costs associated with asthma relate to emergency department visits and hospitalizations because of acute exacerbations of underlying chronic disease. Development of appropriate animal models of acute exacerbations of asthma is a necessary prerequisite for understanding pathophysiological mechanisms and assessing potential novel therapeutic approaches. Most such models have been developed using mice. Relatively few mouse models attempt to simulate the acute‐on‐chronic disease that characterizes human asthma exacerbations. Instead, many reported models involve relatively short‐term challenge with an antigen to which animals are sensitized, followed closely by an unrelated triggering agent, so are better described as models of potentiation of acute allergic inflammation. Triggers for experimental models of asthma exacerbations include (i) challenge with high levels of the sensitizing allergen (ii) infection by viruses or fungi, or challenge with components of these microorganisms (iii) exposure to environmental pollutants. In this review, we examine the strengths and weaknesses of published mouse models, their application for investigation of novel treatments and potential future developments.
Emerging Trends in Concrete 3D Printing and Their Real-World Impact: Architecture and Design

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The construction industry is undergoing a transformative shift towards high-quality development, driven by advancements in industrialization, digitization, and intelligent methodologies. Among these innovations, 3D printing technology has emerged as a game-changer due to its advantages, including high automation, precision, consistency, and efficiency. These attributes have opened broad application prospects for 3D printing in construction. To deepen the understanding of concrete 3D printing technology, this article explores the latest developments and trends in the field. It provides a comprehensive review of research by scholars globally, highlighting significant advancements in material strength and water resistance achieved through technological innovation. Additionally, the paper identifies current challenges in concrete 3D printing and proposes strategies for improvement, aiming to accelerate the adoption and refinement of this transformative technology within the construction industry.
Molecular Basis of Macrolide, Triamilide, and Lincosamide Resistance in Pasteurella multocida from Bovine Respiratory Disease

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT The mechanism of macrolide-triamilide resistance in Pasteurella multocida has been unknown. During whole-genome sequencing of a multiresistant bovine P. multocida isolate, three new resistance genes, the rRNA methylase gene erm (42), the macrolide transporter gene msr (E), and the macrolide phosphotransferase gene mph (E), were detected. The three genes were PCR amplified, cloned into suitable plasmid vectors, and shown to confer either macrolide-lincosamide resistance [ erm (42)] or macrolide-triamilide resistance [ msr (E)- mph (E)] in macrolide-susceptible Escherichia coli and P. multocida hosts.
A comparison of northern hemisphere winds using SuperDARN meteor trail and MF radar wind measurements

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The main purpose of the Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (Super‐DARN) is to use paired radars to deduce the F ‐region convection from Doppler measurements of backscatter seen at large ranges, typically beyond ∼900 km. Nearer to each HF radar, the nearest ranges at ∼165–400 km are dominated by meteor trail echoes. Once formed, the motion of these meteor trails is normally controlled by neutral winds in the 80–110 km altitude range. By combining the line‐of‐sight velocities from all 16 receiver beams (∼52° in azimuth) of a given SuperDARN radar, it is possible to determine the full horizontal wind vector field over the meteor trail height range. Elevation angles are also measured using an interferometer mode and as such height information can, in principle, be obtained from the combined range and elevation angle data. A comparison with neutral wind measurements from a colocated (Saskatoon, Canada) MF wind radar indicates good agreement between the two radar systems at heights of ∼95 km. Based on these detailed comparisons, a simple common method for determining two‐dimensional winds for all SuperDARN radars, which have extensive longitudinal coverage, was developed. Comparisons with other systems used for dynamical studies of tides and planetary waves are desirable and prove to be essential to obtain a good SuperDARN neutral wind motion analysis. The MF radars at Saskatoon and Tromsø, Norway, are located near the western and eastern ends of the Northern Hemisphere network of six SuperDARN radars. Comparisons between the two types of radars for two seasonal intervals (September and December) show that the SuperDARN radars provide good longitudinal coverage of tides in support of the more detailed MF radar data. The two systems complement each other effectively.
Next-Generation IoT Devices: Sustainable Eco-Friendly Manufacturing, Energy Harvesting, and Wireless Connectivity

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This invited paper presents potential solutions for tackling some of the main underlying \nchallenges toward developing sustainable Internet-of-things (IoT) devices with a focus on eco-friendly \nmanufacturing, sustainable powering, and wireless connectivity for next-generation IoT devices. The diverse applications of IoT systems, such as smart cities, wearable devices, self-driving cars, and industrial automation, are driving up the number of IoT systems at an unprecedented rate. In recent years, the rapidly-increasing number of IoT devices and the diverse application-specific system requirements have \nresulted in a paradigm shift in manufacturing processes, powering methods, and wireless connectivity solutions. The traditional cloud-centering IoT systems are moving toward distributed intelligence schemes that impose strict requirements on IoT devices, e.g., operating range, latency, and reliability. In this article, we provide an overview of hardware-related research trends and application use cases of emerging IoT systems and highlight the enabling technologies of next-generation IoT. We review eco-friendly manufacturing for next-generation IoT devices, present alternative biodegradable and eco-friendly options to replace existing materials, and discuss sustainable powering IoT devices by exploiting energy harvesting and wireless power transfer. Finally, we present (ultra-)low-power wireless connectivity solutions that meet the stringent energy efficiency and data rate requirements of future IoT systems that are compatible with a batteryless operation.
Background Paper to the 2001 Corruption Perceptions Index How Precise are Perceived Levels of Corruption?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Subjective indicators include an unavoidable level of im-precision. But claims that this imprecision disallows a ranking of nations are un-justified. Statistical methods support the argument that perceived corruption can be measured with satisfactory precision. 2There has been repeated request among aca-demics and journalists that Transparency In-ternational should reveal how precise the Cor-ruption Perceptions Index is. Indeed, a rank-ing of countries may easily be misunderstood
The nature of intramolecular hydrogen-bonded and non-hydrogen-bonded conformations of simple di- and triamides

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe nature of intramolecular hydrogen-bonded and non-hydrogen-bonded conformations of simple di- and triamidesJuan J. Novoa and Myung Hwan WhangboCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 24, 9017–9026Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00024a001https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00024a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views113Altmetric-Citations40LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Omnidirectional in the Azimuth Plane Antennas Based on Circular Arrays with Horizontal Polarization for Radio Monitoring Systems

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Omnidirectional in the azimuth plane antennas are needed to emit or receive signals in the whole plane. Such antennas are used in various applications: digital television or mobile communications, sensors, radio monitoring systems and others. Here we show design results of omnidirectional antennas based on circular arrays composed by elements of different types. Limitation on key parameters and the dependences of the radiation pattern irregularity in azimuth plane on them are given. This allows you to use the presented mathematical models for the design omnidirectional in the azimuth plane antennas according to the requirements for frequencies, dimensions and the radiation pattern azimuthal irregularity.
Antimalarial Activities of New Pyrrolo[3,2-f]Quinazoline-1,3-Diamine Derivatives

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT WR227825 is an antimalarial pyrroloquinazolinediamine derivative with a high potency but a low therapeutic index. A series of carbamate, carboxamide, succinimide, and alkylamine derivatives of WR227825 were prepared to search for compounds with an improved therapeutic index. The new acetamides and imide showed potent cell growth inhibition against four clones of Plasmodium falciparum (D-6, RCS, W-2, and TM91C235), with a 50% inhibitory concentration of ∼0.01 ng/ml, and were highly active against Plasmodium berghei , with 100% cure at doses from <0.1 mg/kg of body weight to 220 mg/kg. The carbamates and alkyl derivatives, however, showed weak activity against Plasmodium falciparum cell growth but were highly efficacious in tests against P. berghei by the Thompson test. The best compounds, bis-ethylcarbamate (compound 2a) and tetra-acetamide (3a) derivatives, further demonstrated high potency against the sporozoite Plasmodium yoelii in mice and P. falciparum and Plasmodium vivax in aotus monkeys. Against the AMRU-1 strain of P. vivax , which has four dihydrofolate reductase mutations and is highly resistant to antifolates, tetra-acetamide 3a cured the monkeys at doses of 1 and 3 mg/kg. Compound 2a cured only one out of two monkeys at 3 mg/kg. The results indicated that the new derivatives 2a and 3a not only have retained/improved the antimalarial efficacy of the parent compound WR227825 but also were less toxic to the animals used in the tests.
[Sacrum abnormalities and neural tube closure defect: different manifestations of a same genetic disease?].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The authors report the case of a full-term female infant exhibiting an anterior meningocele, combined with a hemi-sacrum and an anal dysfunction. Both her father and brother had the same although less pronounced abnormalities. The father's sister was anencephalic. This case, together with previously published data, suggests that sacrum malformations and neural tube defects may derive from a unique dominant autosomal gene with variable expressivity.
A preliminary appraisal of diaphanography in diseases of the breast.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Transillumination of the breast is a noninvasive procedure that is being tested as an imaging technique for evaluation of breast disease, differentiating benign from malignant lesions, and as a possible screening modality. The average normal breast when transilluminated in a darkened room has a reddish-yellow color that is reproduced with remarkable fidelity on infrared film. Differences of color, shading, and blood vessel caliber are criteria for the recognition of various breast lesions. The diaphanographic findings in approximately 200 women have been compared with the interpretations based upon mammography and thermography. To date the level of accuracy reported by some investigators (Di Maggio et al, Italy; Ohlsson et al, Sweden; Wallberg and Alveryd, Sweden) has not been achieved in our series of histologically proved malignant and benign lesions. Diaphanography can be useful as a complementary technique in examination of the breast, but its potential as a single screening test appears limited.