jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Implementation and evaluation of context‐aware agent framework

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract We implemented UPA, a framework for building a context‐aware system which supports a user in the ubiquitous environment. Using this framework facilitates the maintaining of sensor information acquired from various devices, user tastes, and context as action histories, and to follow changes of user tastes and context by acquiring a feedback whether a user was actually provided with suitable content. In the research reported in this paper, we evaluated UPA by using an application built with UPA. We confirmed that the cost of system building by developers is greatly reduced, and that UPA achieves the realistic performance as a framework for building a context‐aware system. We also investigated bottlenecks of the application and obtained insights about the improvement of UPA. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 38(12): 86–98, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/scj.20623
Composition and plethological innocence

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract According to Composition as Identity (CAI), a whole is distinct from each of its parts individually, but identical to all of them taken together. It is sometimes claimed that, if you accept CAI, then your belief in a whole is ‘ontologically innocent’ with respect to your belief in its parts. This claim is false. But the defender of CAI can claim a different advantage for her view. Following Agustín Rayo, I distinguish ontology (which concerns what there is) from plethology (which concerns what there are). I then show that CAI allows us to introduce an interesting notion of ‘plethological innocence’ which would otherwise collapse into the notion of ‘ontological innocence’, and that CAI renders belief in composite objects plethologically (but not ontologically) innocent.
Apteronotus albifrons

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Apteronotus aff. albifrons (Linnaeus, 1766) Fig. 16 Body elongated and compressed; greatest depth contained 5.5 to 6.2 times in TL; head length 5.5 to 6.0, anal-fin base length 1.2 to 1.5, caudal-peduncle length 5.0 to 6.6, preanal distance 6.1 to 7.5 and prepectoral distance 5.5 to 6.0 in LEA; snout length 2.7 to 4.7, horizontal orbital diameter 9.0 to 16.7 and least interorbital width 3.9 to 4.7 in HL. Mouth terminal. Pectoral fin with 15-16, anal fin with 170-192 and caudal fin with 17 to 20 rays. Transversal series above lateral line with 15-16 scale rows (Campo-da- Paz, 1997). Ground color dark-brown, with brownish-white middorsal stripe from tip of lower jaw to nape, continuing as narrower line until about middle of body (occasionally faded or discontinuous); region around branchial aperture, including isthmus, brownish-white; wide brownish-white transverse bar across tail and posterior portion of anal fin; narrower brownish-white transverse bar across posterior portion of caudal peduncle and caudal-fin base. Distal portion of caudal fin brownish white; fins otherwise darkbrown (Graça, Pavanelli, 2007). Maximum total length. 150.0 mm (Graça, Pavanelli, 2007). Distribution. Drainages from Venezuela to Paraguay and río Paraná basin.
The Beamline Layout Design Based on the Mathematical Model for Different Water Terrain

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Multi-beam sounding is one of the important components of marine surveying. For different water terrain, if the line layout scheme can be reasonably formulated according to the principle of multi-beam sounding, it can greatly improve the sounding efficiency and reduce the loss of manpower, material resources and time while ensuring the accuracy of the sounding results.Based on the different water terrain, the definition of overlap rate and the calculation method in simple cases are given first.For the water with flat bottom terrain, the main selection of isobath, control different spacing and Angle to meet the overlap rate requirements as much as possible.For waters with relatively rugged and changeable underwater terrain, the water area is first rationally divided into several sub-areas, in which the underwater depth and slope change little. Then, the plane fitting is carried out for each sub-area, and the wiring idea of flat underwater terrain is adopted for wiring. For two adjacent areas with similar water depth, the water area is divided into several sub-areas.The starting end of the survey line in the latter area should be made to coincide with the end end of the survey line in the previous area. For the calculation of the coincidence rate, the data points at each depth of the bottom are iterated several times to determine whether they are in the overlapping part of the measurement area of the two survey lines, so as to arrange the multi-beam survey line as far as possible to meet the corresponding requirements.
Is a three-dimensional-printed tooth filling possible?

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Three-dimensional (3-D) printing is seen as an innovative production process in many fields of dentistry and medicine. But implantation of this novel production process into the treatment of decayed teeth in dentistry remains lacking. Destruction of dental tissues as a result of dental caries is generally treated with dental resin composite fillings. However, a 3-D-printed tooth filling approach, which could be an alternative to traditional approaches, has a potential to reduce treatment costs and technique-sensitivity of the placement of restorative material. The Hypothesis: Here, the hypothesis that a 3-D-printed tooth filling approach could be an alternative to traditional approaches to treatment of decayed teeth is proposed. Evaluation of the Hypothesis: The actual implementation of the 3-D-printed tooth filling technique in the practice of restorative dentistry was discussed in this manuscript.
Pyrophosphate Release in the Protein HIV Reverse Transcriptase

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Enzymatic reactions usually occur in several steps: a step of substrate binding to the surface of the protein, a step of protein reorganization around the substrate and conduction of a chemical reaction, and a step of product release. The release of inorganic phosphate-PPi-from the matrix of the protein HIV reverse transcriptase is investigated computationally. Atomically detailed simulations with explicit solvent are analyzed to obtain the free energy profile, mean first passage time, and detailed molecular mechanisms of PPi escape. A challenge for the computations is of time scales. The experimental time scale of the process of interest is in milliseconds, and straightforward molecular dynamics simulations are in sub-microseconds. To overcome the time scale gap, we use the algorithm of Milestoning along a reaction coordinate to compute the overall free energy profile and rate. The methods of locally enhanced sampling and steered molecular dynamics determine plausible reaction coordinates. The observed molecular mechanism couples the transfer of the PPi to positively charged lysine side chains that are found on the exit pathway and to an exiting magnesium ion. In accord with experimental findings, the release rate is comparable to the chemical step, allowing for variations in substrate (DNA or RNA template) in which the release becomes rate determining.
Unraveling the nuclear energy debate

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Dr. Wolfe feels that public concerns about the risks of nuclear power tend to lead to meaningless debate because the central core of the nuclear issue is that philosophical differences are being argued in technical terms, many of which are misunderstood. He points out that the debate over nuclear waste, for example, is centered on the benefit, not the risk, of an acceptable disposal method. He identifies three major themes that recur in discussions among the anti-nuclear groups: (1) the harm that society suffers from cheap, abundant energy; (2) the need to force society to reduce its energy use; and (3) a desire to change the social and economic structure of society. Nuclear advocates, on the other hand, generally endorse the development of alternate energy supplies in order to minimize societal changes. They see energy as the key to solving societal problems and recognize the associated risks as necessary tradeoffs.
Studies on the Chemical Inhibition of T2r+ Bacteriophage

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Summary Twenty-eight out of 180 compounds tested prevented lysis of Escherichia coli B by T2r+ bacteriophage. Possible mechanisms of their activity are presented. Inhibition by many of these compounds was reversed by one or more naturally occurring substances, particularly those associated with oxidative enzyme systems. Quinacrine was antagonized competitively by riboflavin and nicotinic acid, and non-competitively by thiamin. Phthalic acid was reversed non-competitively by thiamin, cysteine and creatinine. Inhibition induced by streptomycin was reversed competitively by pyridoxine and non-competitively by p-aminobenzoic acid.
Phase Behavior and Crystalline Phases of Ionic Liquid-Lithium Salt Mixtures with 1-Alkyl-3-methylimidazolium Salts

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The thermal phase behavior of 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (IM<sub>10<i>R</i></sub>TFSI where <i>R</i> = 1, 2, or 4 for methyl, ethyl or butyl, respectively) ionic liquid binary mixtures with LiTFSI have been investigated as models for electrolytes for lithium batteries. Diverse phase behavior is found with significant variations noted from similar mixtures in which the imidazolium cations are replaced with <i>N</i>-alkyl-<i>N</i>-methylpyrrolidinium cations. The crystal structure for a (1−<i>x</i>) IM<sub>101</sub>TFSI-(<i>x</i>) LiTFSI (<i>x</i> = 0.50) (or 1/1 IM<sub>101</sub>TFSI/LiTFSI) phase is reported to further clarify the molecular level interactions occurring in these binary salt mixtures.
Development and Validation of a Unique Gignature of Cancer Stemness-related Genes for Predicting the Overall survival of Colorectal Cancer Patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background: Cancer stem cells (CSCs), which are characterized by self-renewal and plasticity, are highly correlated with tumor metastasis and drug resistance. To fully understand the role of CSCs in colorectal cancer (CRC), we evaluated the stemness traits and prognostic value of stemness-related genes in CRC. Methods: In this study, the data from 616 CRC patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were assessed and subtyped based on the mRNA expression-based stemness index (mRNAsi). The correlations of cancer stemness with the immune microenvironment, tumor mutational burden (TMB) and N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA methylation regulators were analyzed. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was performed to identify the crucial stemness-related genes and modules. Furthermore, a prognostic expression signature was constructed using Lasso-penalized Cox regression analysis. The signature was validated via multiplex immunofluorescence staining of tissue samples in an independent cohort of 48 CRC patients. Results: This study suggests that high mRNAsi scores are associated with poor overall survival in stage Ⅳ CRC patients. Moreover, the levels of TMB and m6A RNA methylation regulators were positively correlated with mRNAsi scores, and low mRNAsi scores were characterized by increased immune activity in CRC. The analysis identified 2 key modules and 34 key genes as prognosis-related candidate biomarkers. Finally, a 3-gene prognostic signature (PARPBP, KNSTRN and KIF2C) was explored together with specific clinical features to construct a nomogram, which was successfully validated in an external cohort. Conclusions: There is a unique correlation between CSCs and the prognosis of CRC patients, and the novel biomarkers related to cell stemness could accurately predict the clinical outcomes of these patients.
32 × 32 CMOS SPAD Imager for Gated Imaging, Photon Timing, and Photon Coincidence

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

We present the design and simulations of a single-photon sensitive imager based on single photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) with an innovative pixel architecture that includes four separate SPADs with independent active time-gating and quenching circuit, a shared time-to-digital converter (TDC) with 50-ps resolution, four independent photon counters, and multiple operation modes. The TDC is driven by smart arbitration logic, which preserves spatial information among the four detectors; furthermore, an alternative operation mode exploits photon-coincidence on multiple detectors to reduce the effect of high background levels, e.g., in light detection and ranging applications with strong ambient light. Key features are the ability to operate in simultaneous photon counting and timing modes for capturing 2-D and 3-D images of the scene in a single shot (frame), the option of a counting-only mode, reducing power consumption, and increasing achievable frame-rate when timing information is not needed, and the ability to individually shut down noisy detectors or to enable just some regions of interests.
New aspects of poor nutrition in the life cycle within the fractional calculus

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The nutrition of pregnant women is crucial for giving birth to a healthy baby and even for the health status of a nursing mother. In this paper, the poor nutrition in the life cycle of humans is explored in the fractional sense. The proposed model is examined via the Caputo fractional operator and a new one with Mittag–Leffler (ML) nonsingular kernel. The stability analysis as well as the existence and uniqueness of the solution are investigated, and an efficient numerical scheme is also designed for the approximate solution. Comparative numerical analysis of these two operators reveals that the model based on the new fractional derivative with ML kernel has a different asymptotic behavior to the classic Caputo. Thus, the new aspects of fractional calculus provide more flexible models which help us to adjust the dynamical behaviors of the real-world phenomena better.
The impact of calculation of resources and reserves on mining activity in Serbia

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The appearance of interest of the world's most important mining companies i for investment in Serbia imposes the problem of harmonization of domestic legislation with foreign ones. In this paper, specific categorization and classification of mineral raw materials, which do not match in domestic and foreign practice, are treated. The existence of such a conflict of criteria in use for categorization and classification can lead to misunderstanding and create certain complications in business. The following sections outline some of the disagreements that are present in comparing our regulations with the world ones.
Calculation of parameters of electric starter system of internal combustion engine using a ready-made starter

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

When designing a self-starting power supply system, it is necessary to study the possibility of using an existing starter from another model of a car or tractor on a new engine. This task also becomes relevant in the case of developing a series of engines with different working volumes for one basic model of automotive and tractor equipment. In order to unify storage batteries and starters, it is advisable to reduce their nomenclature, ensuring compliance with the requirements of regulatory documents. Keywords nominal capacity of the storage battery, nominal power of the starter, volt-ampere characteristic, electromechanical and mechanical characteristics of the starter, torque resistance to cranking, minimum starting temperature, minimum starting frequency of the engine, gear ratio of the drive
Multi-bodies Simulation in Automotive Mechanical Systems Transmission Application

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">To overcome the proposals concerning to the reduction of the fuel consumption and gases emissions required by the regulatory councils around the world, but also required by the actual market, since economic vehicles have been more valorized than ever, the automotive industry have dispended considerable efforts in the development of new technologies, such as hybrid cars, and in the improvement of the current projects.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Friction of any magnitude retards the motion and results in energy loss, causes temperature increase and should be reduced in order to improve the system efficiency.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper intends, by means of analytical calculation based on dynamic systems and comparisons with Finite Elements Analysis, propose a robust method to analyze friction losses in automotive mechanical systems.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Transmission application was chosen to conduct this analysis. Freewheels of 1<sup>st</sup> and 2<sup>nd</sup> Speeds of a vehicle available in the market were investigated concerning friction torque and losses, also improvements on the project were suggested in order to promote the reduction of fuel consumption and gases emissions.</div>
Operating Strategy of Chemical Looping Systems with\nVaried Reducer and Combustor Pressures

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In\nchemical looping technology when applied to gasification, reforming,\nand chemical syntheses, the operating pressure is an important factor\nthat dictates the reactant conversion and product formation economics\nof the technology for the processes. Common consideration of the operating\npressure for the chemical looping system that includes reducer/fuel\nreactor and combustor/air reactor operation is based on the condition\nin which the reducer and the combustor are operated under similar\npressures. This study considers another operating condition, characterizing\nthe Fan chemical looping system, where the reducer and the combustor\nare operated under different pressures while solids are continuously\nor discontinuously circulating through the loop system. As an example,\nthe chemical looping natural gas conversion to syngas with the eventual\nproduction of liquid fuels is given in this study. This example illustrates\nthe thermodynamic limits and their associated compression duty with\nchemical looping syngas production at pressures between 1 and 30 atm,\nwith a goal of obtaining syngas suitable for cobalt based Fischer–Tropsch\nsynthesis at 30 atm. The adaptation of thermodynamic operating conditions\nto maximize syngas yield and balance between the syngas compression\nand the air compression are discussed in this study over a range of\noperating pressures and temperatures. Further, a novel operating strategy\ncharacterized by differential operating pressures between the fuel\nreactor and the air reactor in a continuous solid flow system is presented.\nSuch a strategy allows the fuel reactor to operate at elevated pressures,\ncloser to the syngas requirements of downstream units, while the air\nreactor operates near the ambient pressure conditions. This strategy\nhas broad implications for other process system applications such\nas reaction–regeneration and adsorption–desorption processes\nwhere pressure variations are a key part of the optimum operation\nconsiderations. Considering the cost of the key components of the\nsystem including the reactors, valves, and compressors, such a strategy\nis shown to reduce the capital cost for the chemical looping system\nby 29% compared to equal pressure chemical looping reforming.
A study on automated algorithm for image detection and measurement

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Image segmentation is a process of partitioning an image into many regions based on application. Object detection is the process of detecting the locations and sizes of all objects in an image. Detection and measurement from the macula can be determined by comparing the original image with background image. Disease severity can be concluded by the measurement of the sizes of the fluid deposits and comparing them to the retina normal size. Many algorithms have been indentified for automatic detection, segmentation, and measurement on 2D retinal images. Measurements are calculated based on mathematical functions and numerical methods using polyarea function. The first step in image processing for measurement detection is preprocessing and segmentation. Preprocessing operations includes image filtration, correction of non-uniform illumination, and colour contrast enhancement. This automated algorithm help's ophthalmologists to monitor the progression of diabetic retinopathy more accurately. In manual analysis a huge amount of time and effort is required. To overcome this automated detection method is used, which reduce clinician's burden per patient and time.
MO305: COVID-19 in Elderly Patients with Acute Kidney Injury

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract BACKGROUND AND AIMS Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which started in China in December 2019 and spread all over the world, is more progressive in patients who are elderly and with chronic diseases. Especially, kidney involvement affects the survival of patients. In this study, we analysed COVID-19 patients who developed acute kidney injury treated in our unit, retrospectively. METHOD The clinical and laboratory data of 610 patients who were hospitalized due to COVID-19 pandemic between 1 June 2020 and 30 June 2021 in the intensive care and other clinics of our hospital were evaluated from the records, retrospectively. A total of 140 patients were diagnosed with AKI according to the criteria of Kidney Disease Global Outcomes (KDIGO). The patients were divided into two groups as KDIGO stages 1 and 2 and 3. RESULTS The median age in both groups was 70 (35–92) and 73 (35–90) years. Approximately 70% of them were &gt;65 years old. Almost all of the patients had hypertension. Most of the patients were using angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE inh) or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) (84%). AKI was present at the time of admission (61.9%) in the KDIGO 1 group and at the time of hospitalization (64.3%) in the KDIGO 2, 3 groups. The mortality rate was higher in stage 2–3 AKI patients (35.7%). Ferritin and fibrinogen levels were high in the KDIGO 2, 3 group, while lymphocyte levels were low. CONCLUSION AKI can be seen at the time of admission and during treatment in patients who are hospitalized and treated due to COVID-19. COVID-19 is more mortal in patients with advanced AKI.
Endovascular embolization for preoperative devascularization of hipervascular head and neck tumors

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Poster: ECR 2015 / C-0514 / Endovascular embolization for preoperative devascularization of hipervascular head and neck tumors by: L. Lazovic , S. Ristic, D. A. Stojanov, A. Tasic, P. M. Bosnjakovic; Nis/RS
Effect of Seafood Preservatives on Quality of Antarctic Krill (Euphausia superba)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Influences of 4-HR,tea polyphenol,chitosan,polyphosphate,phytic acid and sorbitol on quality changes of Euphausia superba were investigated by testing the indexes of sensory evaluation,TCA-soluble nitrogen contents,TBARS values,salt-soluble protein contents and juice volume loss under the condition of(2±0.1) ℃ in this research.The results indicated that the teated food additives showed different effects on quality changes of Euphausia superba.The use of polyphosphate and sorbitol obtained high sensory scores and had remarkable discrepancy with control group(P0.05).Changes of TBARS were inhibited effectively on Euphausia superba after adding 0.2 g/L 4-HR.The contents of TCA-soluble nitrogen decreased significantly by using 0.2 g/L sorbitol(P0.05).The juice volume loss slowed down remarkably by adding 6 g/L polyphosphate.However,salt-soluble protein contents were not significantly decreased by adding phytic acid and sorbitol.