jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Faunastic survey of the ectoparasite of the wood mice, Apodemus speciosus : 1. Chigger mites (Trombiculidae)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

1954年7月より55年6月まで和歌山県有田郡広川町字唐尾の谷で, 毎月1回野鼡を採集し, 59頭のアカネズミApodemus speciosusを得た.これらのアカネズミよりツツガムシ幼虫を採集し, その季節消長, 寄生様式等の一部を明らかにしようとして次の如き結果を得た.1 全期間を通じて, 2属9種5281頭のツツガムシ幼虫を採集した.2 寄主1頭当り, 平均採集数よりみると, 次の3つのグループに分けられる.A 全期間を通じて常に少数採集されるものTrombicula kansai, Gahrliepia saduski B 11月, 12月に採集数のモードが生ずるものT. pallida, T. kitasatoi, T. miyajimai, T. japonica C 1月, 2月にモードが生ずるものT. fuji, T. kochiensis, T. daisen 3採集地区によるツツガムシ幼虫相の差は認められなかつた.4 順位指数と平均採集数とは必ずしも平行的ではない.5 寄生順位の変動により寄生の仕方は次の3グループに分けられる.A 順位の標準偏差の絶対値Sが常に1より小さいものT. fuji, T. kochiensis B Sが0〜2までの値をとるものT. pallida, T. kitasatoi, G. saduski C Sが常に1より大きいものT. daisen, T. kansai, T. miyajimai, T. japonica 6寄主体重とツツガムシ幼虫採集数との間には+0.602の正の相関関係が認められた.
Prevalence and determinants of depressive and anxiety symptoms in adults with type 2 diabetes in China: a cross-sectional study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives To evaluate the prevalence and determinants of anxiety and depression and to assess their impact on glycaemic control in participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Design A cross-sectional study. Setting Community-based investigation in Xuzhou, China. Participants 893 Chinese men and women aged 18–84 years who fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Methods People with type 2 diabetes completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and the Zung Self-Rating Anxiety and Depression Scales. Demographic and physiological characteristics were recorded. Multiple logistic regression was used to evaluate the combined effect of factors associated with anxiety and depression and to assess the effects of anxiety and depression on glycaemic control. Results The prevalence of depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms was 56.1% and 43.6%, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that anxiety symptoms were associated with being woman, low income, chronic disease, depressive symptoms and poor sleep quality. Depressive symptoms were associated with being woman, older age, low education level, being single, diabetes complications, anxiety symptoms and poor sleep quality. Glycaemic control was not related to anxiety symptoms (OR=1.31, 95% CIs 0.94 to 1.67) or depressive symptoms (OR=1.23, 95% CI 0.85 to 1.63). A combination of depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms was associated with poor glycaemic control (relative excess risk due to interaction: 4.93, 95% CI 2.09 to 7.87; attributable proportion due to interaction: 0.27, 95% CI 0.12 to 0.45). Conclusions There was a high prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms in this Chinese sample of participants, although depression and anxiety were not singly associated with glycaemic control. However, a combination of depressive and anxiety symptoms was negatively correlated with glycaemic control in participants with type 2 diabetes.
Sotalol-Induced Beta Blockade in Cardiac Patients

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Sotalol (MJ 1999), a beta-adrenergic blocking agent found to have no significant intrinsic myocardial depressant effects, was administered intravenously to 20 patients with heart disease. Eight of the patients had clinical and hemodynamic evidence of chronic heart failure. Doses ranged from 0.2 to 0.6 mg/kg. In all studies, heart rate decreased significantly, accompanied by comparable decreases in cardiac index and tension-time index. There were, however, no significant changes in stroke index, mean blood pressure, or left ventricular end-diastolic pressure—even in those patients with advanced heart failure, indicating that the changes noted were primarily rate-related and could not be ascribed to myocardial depression. To confirm this, further studies were performed in which heart rate was held constant by atrial pacing in normal and catecholamine-depleted dogs. Sotalol, at doses much higher than the minimal beta-blocking dose, did not change stroke index, blood pressure, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, or estimated maximal velocity of isotonic shortening (V max ), confirming that myocardial contractility was unaffected. It is concluded that sotalol-induced beta blockade had no observable myocardial depressant action in dogs or adverse hemodynamic effects in cardiac patients, even when advanced chronic heart failure was present.
INVITED RESPONSE TO DAVIES AND BENTAHILA

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

I thank D & B for their stimulating review that concentrates on the MLF model and code-switching (CS), even though Contact linguistics (CL) discusses other contact phenomena, too. This is a model of “classic code-switching,” which is defined several times in CL (8, 105, 297). This scope was always intended, but not explicit in Duelling languages (Myers-Scotton 1993a). The nub of the definition is that only one of the languages contributing surface morphemes to a bilingual CP (i.e. clause) is the source of that clause's morphosyntactic frame. The Morpheme Order and System Morpheme Principles of the MLF model identify this language as the Matrix Language (ML). Classic CS contrasts with composite code-switching. The difference is that in Composite CS, part of the abstract morphosyntactic structure comes from more than one of the participating languages. Composite CS may be more prevalent than classic CS, but has yet to be studied systematically (CL, 298).
Philosophy, Art, and Religion: Understanding Faith and Creativity

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

At a time when religion and science are thought to be at loggerheads, art is widely hailed as religion's natural spiritual ally. Philosophy, Art, and Religion investigates the extent to which this is true. It charts the way in which modern conceptions of 'Art' often marginalize the sacred arts, construing choral and instrumental music, painting and iconography, poetry, drama, and architecture as 'applied' arts that necessarily fall short of the ideal of 'art for art's sake'. Drawing on both history of art and philosophical aesthetics, Graham sets out the historical context in which the arts came to free themselves from religious patronage, in order to conceptualize the cultural context in which religious art currently finds itself. The book then relocates religious art within the aesthetics of everyday life. Subsequent chapters systematically explore each of the sacred arts, using a wide range of illustrative examples to uncover the ways in which artworks can illuminate religious faith, and religious content can lend artworks a deeper dimension.
Right and Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Obstruction in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

H ypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) af- fecting both the right and left ventricular (RV and LV) outflow tracts is rare, and the mechanism of obstruction is different in each ventricle.A 21-year-old man with a family history of HOCM and sudden death was referred with breathlessness (New York Heart Association grade II) and occasional presyncope.There had been no discharges of an implantable defibrillator inserted 2 years earlier, and the sole medication was a ␤-blocker.A transthoracic echocardiogram revealed marked, bilateral ventricular hypertrophy.Doppler revealed a 70 mm Hg LV outflow gradient and obstruction of the right outflow tract at rest.Right and left heart catheterization, with simultaneous central aortic and LV pressure recording, revealed a 100 mm Hg subaortic gradient (Figure, a) and a 75 mm Hg subpulmonic gradient at rest (Figure, b and c).Ventriculography confirmed that the obstruction of the LV outflow was due to systolic anterior mitral valve movement (Figure, d and e), whereas RV outflow obstruction was due to massive hypertrophy of the crista supraventricularis (Figure, f).
Modeling and Analysis of Acoustic Emission Generated by Fatigue Cracking

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The acoustic emission (AE) method is a popular and well-developed method for passive structural health monitoring of metallic and composite structures. The current study focuses on the analysis of one of its processes, sound source or signal propagation. This paper discusses the principle of plate wave signal sensing using piezoelectric transducers, and derives an analytical expression for the response of piezoelectric transducers under the action of stress waves, to obtain an overall mathematical model of the acoustic emission signal from generation to reception. The acoustic emission caused by fatigue crack extension is simulated by a finite element method, and the actual acoustic emission signal is simulated by a pencil lead break experiment. The results predicted by the mathematical model are compared with the experimental results and the simulation results, respectively, and show good agreement. In addition, the presence of obvious S0 mode Lamb waves is observed in the simulation results and experimental results, which further verifies the correctness of the analytical model prediction.
Geological Characteristics of the Moon

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The geological characteristics of the Moon provide the fundamental data that permit the study of the geological processes that have formed and modified the crust, that record the state and evolution of the lunar interior, and that identify the external processes that have been important in lunar evolution. Careful documentation of the stratigraphic relationships among these features can then be used to reconstruct the sequence of events and the geological history of the Moon. These results can then be placed in the context of the geological evolution of the terrestrial planets, including Earth. The Moon’s global topography and internal structures include landforms and features that comprise the geological characteristics of its surface. The Moon is dominated by the ancient cratered highlands and the relatively younger flat and smooth volcanic maria. Unlike the current geological characteristics of Earth, the major geological features of the Moon (impact craters and basins, lava flows and related features, and tectonic scarps and ridges) all formed predominantly in the first half of the solar system’s history. In contrast to the plate-tectonic dominated Earth, the Moon is composed of a single global lithospheric plate (a one-plate planet) that has preserved the record of planetary geological features from the earliest phases of planetary evolution. Exciting fundamental outstanding questions form the basis for the future international robotic and human exploration of the Moon.
FLEXIBLE FORM OF EMPLOYMENT: PROSPECTS OF DEVELOPMENT

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The need for the study is justified by the development of flexible forms of employment in the economy with new job opportunities for the international division of labor. The paper analyzed new job opportunities and risks associated with flexible form of employment for the workers, employers and the state individually as well as in relation to each other. The study investigated the future prospects of flexible forms of employment along with its impact on the economic opportunities for the enterprises and workers and conclusion has been drawn. The impact of flexible employment was also investigated on the welfare of the population and the development of national economies in the context of globalization. Three forms of flexible employment: temporal flexibility, spatial flexibility and functional flexibility have been identified to achieve the research goal. The prospects of flexible form of employment for the enterprise and employee were assessed based on the subjective approach. The rapid assessment and empirical analysis method were used to track the population dynamics and their interest in flexible forms of employment. The results show that the increase in the share of flexible employment in the economy is justified by the increased importance of creative labor in the labor market. Flexible workers represent a diverse population group in terms of the socio-economic structure. The active development of flexible forms of employment has been considered as a manifestation of the self-regulating economy and as a form of adaptation of the population to the changing socio-economic situation. The new agile business integration can reduce the costs of hiring a full-time employee and increases employees’ motivation level. The state needs to institutionalize new forms of employment in order to ensure the competitiveness of the national economy and to ensure budget revenues.
Antibiotics in Dairy Cattle Nutrition. I. The Effect of an Aureomycin Product (Aurofac) on the Growth and Well-Being of Young Dairy Calves

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In 1949, Stokstad et al. (20) noted that an animal protein factor supplement derived from cultures of Streptomyces aureofaciens would produce a growth response in chicks which was greater than the maximum response obtainable with vitamin B12.The same year Cunha et al. (4) obtained similar results when a residual fermentation product remaining from the manufacture of pure aureomycin was fed to pigs.In early 1950, Stokstad and Jukes (19) found that pure crystalline aureomycin would produce a growth response in chicks similar to that obtained with products from aureomycin fermentation, thus demonstrating the role of antibiotics as dietary growth stimulators.Later, in 1950, several workers reported (reviewed by Stokstad, 18) that aureomycin and several other antibiotics were beneficial in the rations of non-ruminant animals, such as chickens, turkeys and pigs.At that time it was conjectured that antibiotics possibly would interfere with the nutrition of ruminant animals by destroying necessary rumen microorganisms.Since the newborn calf behaves like a non-ruminant animal in the digestion of food, investigations were initiated to determine whether or not aureomycin added to the diet would stimulate growth in young calves.In November, 1950, Bart]ey etal.(1), R usoff ( 14), and Loosli and Wallace (7) reported that pure aureomycin or products from aureomycin fermentation would enhance calf growth.These and several more recent experiments have shown that the feeding of aureomycin to young calves exerts a favorable influence on growth (1,2,5,8,12,14,15,16,17,21), reduces the incidence of calf scours (1,7,8,16,17), improves feed efficiency (8,11,12), stimulates the appetite for grain (2,8,17) and improves physical appearance (12,14,15).Voelker and Cason (21) found that the feeding of terramycin to young calves resulted in increased growth.Bloom and Knodt (3) in a preliminary experiment found that the feeding of potassium penicillin lowered the rate of growth of calves, whereas aureomycin increased the growth rate and appeared to cause an earlier and greater consumption of the calf starter ration.Murdock et al. (11) failed to obtain any advantage in growth when calves were fed terramycin.When aureomycin was fed, these workers noted a significant increase in the growth rate of calves for the first 6 weeks of age, but failed to find any difference at the end of 12 weeks.Morrison and Deal (10) fed an antibiotic feed supplement (Lederle) to calves from 3 to 17 days of age.They noted no differences in
HIV-susceptible individuals

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Not all individuals exposed to HIV be-come infected. Understanding why these HIV-exposed seronegative individuals remain uninfected will help inform the development of preventative measures against HIV infection. Interferon regula-tory factor-1 (IRF1) plays a critical role both in host antiviral immunity and in HIV-1 replication. This study examined IRF1 expression regulation in the ex vivo peripheral blood mononuclear cells of HIV-exposed seronegative commer-cial sex workers who can be epidemio-logically defined as relatively resistant to HIV infection (HIV-R), versus HIV-uninfected, susceptible controls (HIV-S). Whereas HIV-susceptible individuals demonstrated a biphasic, prolonged increase in IRF1 expression after interferon- stimulation, HIV-R individu-als demonstrated a robust, but transient response. We also found that the IRF1 promoter in HIV-R was primed by in-creased basal histone deacetylase-2 binding, independently of transcription regulators, STAT1 and nuclear factor-B/p65, implicating an epigenetic silenc-ing mechanism. Interestingly, the transi-tory IRF1 response in HIV-R was suffi-cient in comparable regulation of interleukin-12 and interleukin-4 expres-sion compared with the HIV-susceptible controls. This is the first study charac-terizing IRF1 responsiveness in individu-als who demonstrate altered susceptibil-ity to HIV infection. These data suggest that transitory IRF1 responsiveness in HIV-R may be one of the key contribu-tors to the altered susceptibility to HIV infection during the early stages of pri-mary HIV infection. (Blood. 2011;117(9): 2649-2657)
Turn-on loss vs. free-wheel diode recovery dv/dt in IGBT modules

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The latest 6 th generation Carrier Stored Trench Gate Bipolar Transistor (CSTBT™) provides state of the art optimization of conduction and switching losses in IGBT modules. Use of low values of resistance in series with the IGBT gate produces low turn-on losses but increases stress on the recovery of the free-wheel diode resulting in higher dv/dt and increased EMI. The latest modules also incorporate new, improved recovery free-wheel diode chips which improve this situation but detailed evaluation of the trade-off between turn-on loss and dv/dt performance is required. This paper describes the evaluation, test results, and a comparative analysis of dv/dt versus turn-on loss as a function of gate drive conditions for the 6 th generation IGBT compared to the standard 5 th generation module.
Fragmentation of national research systems: the case of the Netherlands

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract We present a statistical framework based on the gravity model to analyze inter-organizational research collaboration to assess the fragmentation of a national research system. We focus on the Dutch research system during the period 2010–2022 characterized by multiple policy changes to reduce the fragmentation and to align agendas among the key organizations: classic universities, technical universities, university medical centers, universities of applied sciences, and public research organizations. Using the gravity equation, we explain the intensity of collaboration between any two organizations while controlling for their respective sizes and travel distance. By looking at the standardized residuals of the regression analysis over time, we assess whether organizations tend to collaborate more or less than what can be expected from their respective sizes and travel distance. Our main finding holds that a process of defragmentation of the Dutch research system is somewhat visible, especially in closer collaborations between the universities of applied sciences (UAS) with other organizations. At the same time, technical and classic universities have become more detached from each other. And, public research organizations have not become much more integrated within the research system, despite calls to do so. These findings suggest that the process of integration is a variegated and slow one, exposing the limited ability of national governments to steer research systems in top-down manners.
Activity of Hexenolactone against Salmonella Enteritidis in Mice

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Summary The toxicity of hexenolactone as measured by the L.D.50 for 14 to 18 gram white mice on intraabdominal injection was 4.69 mg. Single injections of 1 mg of hexenolactone gave significant protection for 14 to 18 gram white mice against 100,000 cells of Salmonella enteritidis. Protection was demonstrated even after a 12 hour lapse between the injection of the organisms and the hexenolactone.
Optimization of High Cell Density Perfusion Bioreactors

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This chapter discusses the benefits and the techniques of high cell density perfusion bioreactors for culturing mammalian cells. Perfusion refers to the continuous inflow of nutrient medium coupled with the outflow or harvesting of spent medium, while the cells are fully or partially retained within the bioreactor. In contrast to the chemostat bioreactor, in which the outflow stream contains cells at the same concentration as in the bioreactor, the outflow stream of a perfusion bioreactor is either completely or substantially depleted of cells. The concept of perfusion was applied as early as 1912 to keep small pieces of tissue alive for extended periods of observation under a microscope (1,2). A historical account on the development of perfusion bioreactors for mammalian cell cultivation is given in an earlier review (3). While many of the perfusion techniques discussed earlier pertain to attachment cultures and are still applicable, this chapter focuses more on perfusion techniques for suspension bioreactor cultures, as these homogeneous cultures have become increasingly popular in the ensuing decade (4).
Adenosine cyclic 3',5'-monophosphate dependent protein kinase: kinetic mechanism for the bovine skeletal muscle catalytic subunit

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAdenosine cyclic 3',5'-monophosphate dependent protein kinase: kinetic mechanism for the bovine skeletal muscle catalytic subunitPaul F. Cook, Maynard E. Neville, Jr., Kent E. Vrana, F. Thomas Hartl, and Robert Roskoski, Jr.Cite this: Biochemistry 1982, 21, 23, 5794–5799Publication Date (Print):November 9, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 9 November 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00266a011https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00266a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1003Altmetric-Citations298LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts