jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Monteverdi's infinite variety

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

With the 400th anniversary of his Orfeo in 2007 and this year's quadricentennial of his 1610 Vespers publication, Monteverdi has been receiving a great deal of attention both in journals and in the recording studio. While Monteverdi has been present in record catalogues since Nadia Boulanger's pioneering madrigal discs of 1937, in the past few years there has been an extraordinary growth in the number of recordings of music by this composer and his contemporaries. For the first time since the renewal of interest in Monteverdi a century ago, all aspects of his oeuvre (operas, secular monody, madrigals and the whole gamut of sacred music) seem to be receiving equal attention. Increasing familiarity with his work is also encouraging forays into lesser-known repertory. Sigiswald Kuijken's recording of Monteverdi: 1610 Vespers (Challenge Classics CC72311, rec 2007, 86′) with La Petite Bande, presents a pared-down version of the music, with one voice per part and, more unusually for this piece in recent years, only organ on the continuo line. The Vespers have become so familiar that there is pressure on performers to do something radical with it: Kuijken's minimalist interpretation is one of the more successful experiments. Without the vast instrumentarium popular in the first two-thirds of the 20th century, or the large continuo sections that have become de rigueur in more recent years, the importance of the singers in providing dynamic and timbral contrast is highlighted. Kuijken's ten singers are up to the challenge, and they establish a strong case for this kind of performance through their sensitive phrasing and messe di voce. Unfortunately the booklet gives no information about the singers other than their names (the instrumentalists are not even named!), but they perform in the increasingly popular ‘continental’ style, singing with their whole bodies rather than just their throats. This kind of singing results in greater volume and fuller overtones when combined with other such voices and leads to a more exciting and engaging performance. Kuijken maintains very comfortable tempos, allowing the singers to sing naturally without pushing. They make this music sound easy, sometimes perhaps too easy, as in ‘Laetatus sum’, which lacks rhythmic drive and seems almost lazy. The more laid-back approach usually works, especially in ‘Nisi Dominus’ where one can enjoy the intricate part-writing without worrying about the potential train-wrecks involved in singing in ten parts.
What Do We Want from Talking Animals? Reﬂ ections on Literary Representations of Animal Voices and Minds

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In 2007, CBS news featured a short segment on "dogs who talk," prompted by Barbara Walters' report that her dog had said "I love you." It is still available on their web site. The dogs in the segment, when cued by their human companions, all produce sounds-howls, yowls, yips, and even something close the voice of the Wookie in Star Wars-that ever-so-slightly resemble the English words "I love you." Viewing this grotesque performance is, needless to say, painful for anyone critical of anthropomorphism or concerned about respecting canine diff erence. It crystallizes some of the worst tendencies within our culture when it comes to the desire to hear what other animals might have to tell us: we only recognize communication when it comes in the form of human speech, and the only message we want to hear is that we are inherently lovable. While ostensibly establishing a connection between humans and dogs (both through their love for us and their ability to "talk" like us), this segment powerfully confi rms human superiority over other animals (look how imperfectly they do what we do!), measuring their abilities by the yardstick of our own. Thus, they are held at a distance from us through their incapacities, while the many things they can do that we cannot-such as smell cancer-are erased. We are left with the image of slavishly devoted, imperfect versions of ourselves rather than capable beings with their own lives, perspectives, and abilities.
Effects of Zr Substitution in NdFeB Permanent Magnets

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Microstructural analyses and the results of magnetic measurements performed on the Nd15Fe77B8 and Nd12.7Fe81B6Zr0.3 (at.%) sintered magnets are presented. These compounds crystallize in the tetragonal Nd2Fe14B structure. The Nd2Fe17 phase developed in the Zr‐containing magnet and decreased the coercivity. A small amount of zirconium addition into the near stoichiometric NdFeB therefore degrades the permanent magnetic properties.
Construction of a 124I-Labeled Specific Antibody for the Noninvasive Detection of Mesothelin-Overexpressing Tumors

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Mesothelin (MSLN) is a molecular biomarker of many types of solid tumors, such as mesothelioma, pancreatic cancer, and colon cancer. Owing to the significant difference in expression between cancer cells and normal cells, mesothelin has been widely used as a key target in cancer immunotherapy. In this study, we used iodine isotope (nat/124/125I)-labeled mesothelin antibodies to noninvasively detect MSLN expression in mice with LS174T colon cancer. The 124I-labeled MSLN antibody showed a high radiochemical purity (RCP, >99%) and specific activity (20.8-67.8 GBq/μmol) after purification and was stable in 5% HSA and PBS (>95% RCP at 8 days). Western blot analysis indicated that the LS174T cells showed a higher MSLN protein level than the HepG2 cells. The half maximal effective concentration (EC50) values of the MSLN antibody and natI-anti-MSLN were 34.77 ± 3.72 ng/mL and 32.60 ± 2.52 ng/mL (P = 0.63), respectively. The dissociation constant of 124I-anti-MSLN binding to MSLN protein was 16.0 nM. The radiotracer showed a significantly higher uptake in LS174T cells than in HepG2 tumor cells (1.56 ± 0.09 vs 0.81 ± 0.03, P = 0.0016) 2 days postinjection. The LS174T mouse models showed extremely low organ uptake and high tumor uptake 96 h after the injection of 124I-anti-MSLN, and the T/M values were much higher than those of the other imaging groups (10.56 ± 1.20 for 124I-anti-MSLN in LS174T mice vs 3.27 ± 0.20 for 124I-anti-MSLN in HepG2 mice vs 3.53 ± 0.2 for 124I-IgG in LS174T mice). The immunochemical histology results showed that LS174T tumors were strongly positive (+++) for MSLN, while those in the HepG2 group showed slight expression (+). The dosimetry estimation study showed that the effective dose of 124I-anti-MSLN was 0.185 mSv/MBq, which is within the range of acceptable doses for further nuclear medicine translational research. Taken together, these results suggest that this radiotracer has the potential for detecting mesothelin-overexpressing tumors.
Epigenetic modification of the Wnt pathway mediated \nby Brg1

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Colorectal cancer is one of the most clinically signiﬁcant types of cancer due to both high incidence and mortality. Despite the well-established role of aberrant Wnt signalling in initiation and progression of colorectal cancer, therapies that speciﬁcally target the Wnt pathway are exceptionally limited. The development of such therapies is, in part, restricted by the toxicity of Wnt signalling inhibition for adult tissue homeostasis. Given this limitation, therapies that target downstream components and target genes of the Wnt pathway are required to minimise potential toxicity. \n \nThe chromatin remodelling ATPase subunit Brg1 has been found to interact with β-catenin and facilitate transcriptional program driven by the Wnt pathway. In this thesis I aimed to explore Brg1’s potential as a therapeutic target in Wnt driven intestinal tumourigenesis. To achieve this, I conditionally deleted Brg1 in the murine small intestinal epithelium under normal physiological conditions and in the context of aberrant Wnt signalling using a range of transgenic mouse models. Additionally, I investigated the potential toxicity of Brg1 inhibition by analysing the effects of Brg1 loss in a range of epithelial tissues from the gastrointestinal tract and bladder. \n \nThe results presented in this thesis demonstrate that Brg1 deﬁciency impedes Wnt-driven tumourigenesis in the murine small intestinal epithelium via attenuation of Wnt signalling and the elimination of stem cell derived tumours, which have a higher tumourigenic potential. Additionally, Brg1 was found to play a major role in the maintenance of normal small intestinal stem cell homeostasis, as loss of Brg1 in the small intestinal epithelium resulted in ablation of the stem cell population. The impact of Brg1 deﬁciency on homeostasis of other tissues of the gastrointestinal tract and bladder exhibited a remarkable diversity, from induction of epithelial hyperplasia to very subtle alterations in cell differentiation. \n \nOverall, the results presented in this thesis portray Brg1 as a promising potential therapeutic target in Wnt-driven neoplasia and suggest that speciﬁc targeting of the Brg1/β-catenin interaction rather than the catalytic activity of Brg1 may help to avoid any Wnt-independent toxicity of Brg1 inhibition.
The Effect of Parental Presence on The Anxiety Level of Nurses During Intravenous Interventions in Children

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

<b>Aim:</b> The present study employed an analytical, cross-sectional, and pretest-posttest design to assess the impact of parental presence on the anxiety levels of nurses during intravenous interventions in pediatric patients. &nbsp;<br /> <b>Materials and Methods:</b> The research was conducted in a public hospital in Istanbul between 01 September and 30 December 2021. The population of the research consisted of nurses working in the pediatric clinic of the hospital (N = 70), &nbsp;and the sample consisted of 50 nurses who met the research criteria and agreed to participate in the research. Data were obtained through an information form and a state-trait anxiety inventory. Participants were first asked to fill out the information form and the trait anxiety inventory. The research was carried out in two phases with the same sample group. In the first phase, nurses were asked to fill out the state anxiety inventory immediately after intravenous interventions were administered to children while their parents were with their children. In the second phase, after a period of 15 days, a state anxiety inventory was applied to the nurses with the same sample group immediately after the intravenous interventions, without the participation of the family. The SPSS 26 package statistical program was used to evaluate the data.<br /> <b>Result and Conclusion:</b> It was determined that the mean trait anxiety scores of the participants were at a medium level and that the mean state anxiety scores of the nurses were statistically significantly higher (p&lt;0.001) in the interventions in which the parents were included in the process compared to the interventions in which the parents were not included in the process. Continuous in-service training can be recommended for pediatric nurses to adopt family-centered care.
METHODOLOGIES FOR THE STUDY OF MORPHOLOGICAL AND THERMAL PROPERTIES OF STARCH

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Starch, a carbohydrate used as a reserve of energy in most plants, is widely used in the food industry, either as a main component or as a thickener. Considering the application of this as an ingredient in the food industry, the study of the morphological and thermal properties of this food is of great importance because it can predict its behavior during and after the processing of this. Methodologies such as scanning electron microscopy, light scattering and optical microscopy are the most used tools in the morphological characterization of the starch granule generating accurate results and good quality. Regarding the methodologies for the study of thermal properties, the rapid amylographic analyzer and the differential scanning calorimetry are the most used. The set of results obtained with these methodologies, allows to know the technological properties of the starch, characterizing them, and even to identify the origin of this one.
New England Critics of Imperial Church Policy

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

External rhetoric shaped the course of the King's church during the two decades before the outbreak of the American Revolution. It was a controversy launched by prominent Boston Congregational parsons who were critical of the manner in which the church was established in New England. It was a conflict that shaped the agendas of clergy conventions, the number of native colonists from the region who entered the Anglican ministry, and the number of new congregations formed in New England. In hindsight the controversy created a stalemate in the efforts to advance the King's church in the region.KeywordsEnglish GovernmentAmerican RevolutionReligious LibertyImperial PolicyImperial OriginThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Can Quantum Contextuality Help to Understand the Contextuality of Theology?

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The precise formal account of the contextuality of the quantum measurement provided by the Kochen-Specker theorem allows for a unique insight into the nature of the contextuality of theological language. The conceptual analysis carried out in this paper has demonstrated that despite of the methodological difficulties in juxtaposing theoretical physics and theology, legitimate bridges can be established between them whereby quantum contextuality may serve as a model of contextuality in theology. A structural factor in the form of a richer logic proper to the Divine nature has been identified as the possible source of contextuality of theological discourse.
Eicosanoids in Coronary Sinus Correlate with NT-proBNP in Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction Indicated to Resynchronization Therapy: Insights from Eicosanoids in Human Heart Failure Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Introduction The diagnostic potential of eicosanoids, metabolites of arachidonic acid with cardio-renal activity, in chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) remains unclear. The aim was to investigate levels of eicosanoids in different body compartments and their relation to natriuretic peptides. Material and methods Eleven HFrEF patients indicated to cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) were enrolled to measure 14,15-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (14,15-EET), 14,15-dihydroxyicosatrienoic acid (14,15-DHET) and N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) levels from venous, arterial, and coronary sinus (CS) blood samples. Results In CS, NT-proBNP negatively correlated with plasmatic 14,15-EET (r = − 0.63, p = 0.03) and positively with the DHET/EET ratio (r = 0.73, p = 0.02). This correlation was not found in the other compartments. Plasmatic 14,15-EET nor 14,15-DHET levels in measured compartments did not differ statistically (p = 0.21, p = 0,64, respectively). In individual patients, the levels of both eicosanoids correlated across all compartments. Peripheral plasma 14,15-EET levels in controls were lower compared to HFrEF patients. Conclusions Peripheral venous eicosanoid (14,15-EET, 14,15-DHET) levels correlate and do not differ from arterial and CS levels in patients with HFrEF indicated to CRT. In CS, NT-proBNP negatively correlates with plasmatic 14,15-EET and positively with the DHET/EET ratio, an indirect measurement of soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) activity, suggesting an important role of eicosanoids and sEH in HFrEF pathophysiology. Graphical abstract
The Effect of the Petrography, Mineralogy, and Physical Properties of Limestone on Mode I Fracture Toughness under Dry and Saturated Conditions

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Determining the fracture toughness of rock materials is a challenging, costly, and time-consuming task, as fabricating a sharp crack in rock specimens will lead to failure of the specimen, and preparing specimens for determining the rock fracture toughness requires special equipment. In this paper, the relationship between mode I fracture toughness (KIC) with the rock index properties, mineralogy, and petrography of limestone is investigated using simple nonlinear and simple/multiple linear regression analyses to provide alternative methods for estimating the fracture toughness of limestones. The cracked chevron notched Brazilian disk (CCNBD) method was applied to 30 limestones with different petrographic and mineralogical characteristics under both dry and saturated conditions. Moreover, the index properties of the same rocks, including the density, porosity, electrical resistivity, P and S wave velocities, Schmidt rebound hardness, and point load index, were determined. According to the statistical analyses, a classification based on the petrography of the studied rocks was required for predicting the fracture toughness from index properties. By classifying the limestones based on petrography, reliable relationships with high correlations can be introduced for estimating the fracture toughness of different limestones using simple tests.
Switch to natalizumab versus fingolimod in active relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective In patients suffering multiple sclerosis activity despite treatment with interferon β or glatiramer acetate, clinicians often switch therapy to either natalizumab or fingolimod. However, no studies have directly compared the outcomes of switching to either of these agents. Methods Using MSBase, a large international, observational, prospectively acquired cohort study, we identified patients with relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis experiencing relapses or disability progression within the 6 months immediately preceding switch to either natalizumab or fingolimod. Quasi‐randomization with propensity score–based matching was used to select subpopulations with comparable baseline characteristics. Relapse and disability outcomes were compared in paired, pairwise‐censored analyses. Results Of the 792 included patients, 578 patients were matched (natalizumab, n = 407; fingolimod, n = 171). Mean on‐study follow‐up was 12 months. The annualized relapse rates decreased from 1.5 to 0.2 on natalizumab and from 1.3 to 0.4 on fingolimod, with 50% relative postswitch difference in relapse hazard ( p = 0.002). A 2.8 times higher rate of sustained disability regression was observed after the switch to natalizumab in comparison to fingolimod ( p < 0.001). No difference in the rate of sustained disability progression events was observed between the groups. The change in overall disability burden (quantified as area under the disability–time curve) differed between natalizumab and fingolimod (−0.12 vs 0.04 per year, respectively, p < 0.001). Interpretation This study suggests that in active multiple sclerosis during treatment with injectable disease‐modifying therapies, switching to natalizumab is more effective than switching to fingolimod in reducing relapse rate and short‐term disability burden. Ann Neurol 2015;77:425–435
Donor Management Does Make a Difference

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

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Numerical Assessment of Residual Stress Induced by Machining of Aluminum Alloy

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A numerical approach has been developed to predict the near surface residual stresses induced by turning in orthogonal cutting configuration of aluminum alloy AA7075-T651. This approach is based on a Lagrangian formulation using the finite element software Abaqus–Explicit. The calculated residual stress profiles were validated by experimental measurements using X-ray diffraction method on samples turned under different cutting conditions. Using this method, the effect of the cutting speed and the feed on the machining residual stress has been established.
Cleavage of cellular and extracellular Saccharomyces cerevisiae DNA by bleomycin and phleomycin.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Low-molecular-weight phleomycin (Mr approximately 1500-1600) is considerably less active on a per mol basis than structurally related bleomycin in degrading purified Saccharomyces cerevisiae DNA. Phleomycin also exhibits a substantially higher requirement than bleomycin for ferrous ions. However, phleomycin (0.13 to 3.3 x 10(-6) M) produced 7 to 350 times more breaks than bleomycin in prelabeled intracellular [2-14C]DNA and [6-3H]DNA and is considerably more cytotoxic than bleomycin. Phleomycin and bleomycin produced equivalent numbers of DNA breaks at equivalent, physiologically meaningful levels of survival, indicating that DNA breaks are related to lethal properties of the anticancer glycopeptides. Phleomycin degradation of extracellular DNA was only detectable at greater than or equal to 1.7 x 10(-4) M, approximately two orders of magnitude higher than the concentrations of phleomycin which yielded equivalent fragmentation of intracellular DNA, indicating that phleomycin causes substantially more degradation of intracellular DNA than extracellular DNA. In contrast, bleomycin (greater than or equal to 1.7 x 10(-5) M) degradation of purified DNA is quite extensive and considerably greater than the degradation of DNA in cells incubated with the same or higher concentrations of bleomycin. Neither phleomycin nor bleomycin cleaved extracellular DNA in the absence of ferrous ions, although both chemical analogues cleaved intracellular DNA without adding iron. Therefore, the requirement for metal ion in stimulating DNA degradation by the two structural families of glycopeptidic antibiotics is met by the cell itself.