jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Identified versus Statistical Lives in US Civil Litigation

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract This chapter examines the way the identified versus statistical lives problem manifests itself in civil litigation in US federal courts. In section 1, it argues that federal courts push for litigants to assert claims on behalf of identified and not statistical victims because of two prerequisites for the justiciability of a controversy—standing and ripeness. In section 2, it discusses a partial solution offered by the procedural rules of civil litigation: the class action device. The class action allows for the adjudication of harms to statistical victims through the litigation of a representative identified claimant, or a “representative life”: a middle concept between identified and statistical lives where an identified life stands in for a much larger number of (as yet) statistical lives.
Analisis Penerapan Tax Planning Dalam Mengefisiensikan Beban Pajak Penghasilan Pada PT Sentra Daya Madani

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The research aims to analyze application of tax planning in efficiency PT Sentra Daya Madani income tax burden. This research used a descriptive method. Data collection techniques were carried out using documentation, interviews and a literature study. Analysis data by analyzing the commercial financial statement, reconciling fiscal, analyzing fiscal income statement, and making tax planning. The results of this research show that PT Sentra Daya Madani has implemented tax planning, but it has not been optimal, so that the payment of the tax owed is not yet efficient. There are still gaps that can be implemented or exploited to streamline the tax burden paid. The application of tax planning in this research can streamline the tax burden of IDR 9,089,693.
[Genetic structure of crucian carp (Cypriniformes, Cyprinidae, Carassius L. 1758) populations of middle-Dnieper basin].

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Comparative analysis of Middle Dnieper crucian carp's population structure was made by means of biochemical gene marking, cytometry and biological analysis. As a result the structure was found, which may by expounded like association of the genetically related species and forms. This association consists of diploid C. auratus (which predominates in population), C. carassius (which was found in the some of north-eastern reservoirs only) and triploid C. gibelio. In Ukraine the homogeneous populations of C. gibelio can be found on the north-east of Eastern Ukraine only. Though some of individuals maybe present with diploid C. auratus. Besides were found hybrid form: diploid C. auratus-C. carassius and presumably tetraploid C. auratus-C. gibelio and C. gibelio-C. carassius. However in the tetraploid's spectra were absent a number of specific alleles, that marking C. species-one of the parental species of triploid C. gibelio. Therefore presumptive tetraploids have not difference from C. auratus and diploid C. auratus-C. carassius on the gene markers level. Nevertheless they are neatly diagnose by the erythrocytes which have good difference and are bigger then diploid species erythrocytes in 40% (C. auratus-C. gibelio) and 100% (C. gibelio-C. carassius).
Nanoemulsion of Ethanolic Extract of Sungkai Leaves (Peronema Canescens Jack) for Anti-Acne Therapy.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

This study investigates the phytochemical profile, total flavonoid content, antibacterial properties, antioxidant activities, and cytotoxicity effect of nanoemulsion ethanolic extract of Sungkai leaves. The ethanolic extract was formulated into three concentrations: 50, 100, and 150 ppm. Phytochemical screening revealed flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, steroids, and terpenoids. The total flavonoid content was 90.542, 91.993, and 91.744% for the respective concentrations. Antibacterial activity against Propionibacterium acnes showed inhibition zones of 17.6, 21.2, and 24.1 mm, indicating strong to very strong activity. Antioxidant activities, evaluated using DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays, showed IC50 values categorized as very strong. The cytotoxicity test exhibited moderate activity. These findings suggest that Sungkai leaf ethanol extract nanoemulsion has rich bioactive compounds with significant antibacterial and antioxidant properties, along with moderate cytotoxic activity, highlighting its potential for pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications.
OÖSPORE GERMINATION IN ALBUGO CANDIDA

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In addition to the well-known sessile vesicular zoosporangial type of oöspore germination in Albugo candida (Lév.) Kuntze, a second type is described. This consists of an exit tube one to two and a half times the length of the diameter of the oöspore and about one quarter of its width, at the end of which the vesicular zoosporangium is produced. Best results were secured by soaking the oöspores for 7 to 10 days in water at 10° to 12 °C and then changing to fresh water. The oöspore material came from hypertrophied inflorescences of rape (Brassica napus L. var. annua Koch).
Sepsis Identification in the Long-Term Care Facility

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND: Each year approximately 1.7 million people in the United States develop sepsis, and an estimated 270,000 Americans die from this disease (Center for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2020). Early recognition, and identification is essential in decreasing potential for mortality in this population.\nMETHODS: During a two-week period six individual sessions via a one-hour presentation was provided on evidence based best practice of sepsis recognition. A pretest was utilized to determine prior knowledge of sepsis recognition. A post-test was provided to evaluate the effectiveness of the educational material. Finally, a survey was conducted to provide input for further educational endeavors.\nRESULTS: With a small sample size the power of >0.55 did not achieve a power of >0.8 which made it difficult to achieve a true effect. Using a Fisher’s exact test each question showed an increase in knowledge post education, indicating sepsis identification was achieved.\nDISCUSSION: The population of this study varied in educational levels with participants including registered nurses, licensed practical nurses, and certified nursing assistants. The anonymity of this project prevented identifying knowledge increase in each individual group but showed an increase overall.\nCONCLUSIONS: This study was not intended to show a decrease in sepsis, but increased awareness for early identification. Although the sample size was low there was evidence that the increased knowledge of early identification of sepsis was achieved. Further research is needed to show if educational impact significantly reduces septic shock and mortality in the long-term care facility.
[Amino acid regulation of L-asparaginase formation in Bacillus mesentericus].

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The role of amino acids in regulation of L-asparaginase formation was studied in Bacillus mesentericus 43A. Asparagic acid and, to a less extent, asparagine repress biosynthesis of the enzyme. Glutamic acid, glutamine, and other 15 studied amino acids, added separately at a concentration of 10 or 20 mM to the growing culture, have no effect on the activity of the enzyme. Addition of a combination of all 18 amino acids, each at a concentration of 4 mM, to the culture represses the activity by 64%; addition of an acid hydrolysate of lactoalbumin (10 g/litre) represses the activity of the enzyme by 80%. A mixture of amino acids without asparagic acid and asparagine also displays a strong repressing action. Amino acids formed from asparagic acid--lysine, methionine, and isoleucine--do not repress biosynthesis of the enzyme, neither together nor separately. Ammonium nitrogen also does not participate in regulation of asparaginase formation. The cumulative repressing action of amino acids is supposed to be manifested via the mechanism of catabolite repression.
[Benchmarks for evaluating health care networks].

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The implementation of health care networks is accompanied by a certain number of changes in professional practices. At the heart of the economic, organisational, and political stakes, new questions are posed, especially in terms of evaluation. It is true that no matter what the level of evaluation, it is essential today to rely on the support of existing information systems to develop methodologies and to better describe the produced effects, in economic terms and health outcomes, but also from a more qualitative point of view, in terms of public satisfaction and benefits to clients. Laying down some reference points for evaluating health care networks can only contribute to developing new strategies for showing their effectiveness and efficiency and learning from this experimentation.
Fibrous osteodystrophy due to secondary renal hyperparathyroidism in a senile dog

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Renal hyperparathyroidism stands out among the complications of kidney disease in dogs due to phosphorus retention with a predisposition to hypocalcemia, parathyroid hormone stimulation with mobilization of calcium from the bones, characterizing fibrous osteodystrophy, unusual in the elderly. The objective was to report it in 12-year-old Labrador with polyuria, polydipsia, and emesis for five months due to maxillary and mandibular volume increase, followed by loosely fixed teeth, and facial deformity. Blood tests showed anemia, thrombocytosis, azotemia, hypoalbuminemia and hyperphosphatemia and urinalysis showed low density, glycosuria, proteinuria, and moderate caudate and transitional epithelial cells. Oral x-rays showed loss of dental bone support and decreased bone radiopacity. Chest radiographs showed decreased density in the ribs and costochondral junction; on the other hand, organs of the cardiorespiratory system showed no changes. The electrocardiogram and echocardiogram did not show impairment. Abdominal ultrasound revealed kidneys with asymmetry, increased echogenicity of the cortical and poorly preserved cortico-medullary definition. Oral histopathology showed intense fibroplasia associated with bone reabsorption. Support therapy was instituted, but the patient died ten days after consultation. Thus, although uncommon in the elderly, fibrous osteodystrophy should be investigated in dogs with advanced-stage chronic kidney disease and, even with conservative therapies, the prognosis is unfavorable.
International comparison and discriminant analysis of rural information system construction in China

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In the process of rural information system construction, some developed countries, such as U.S.A, German, France, Australia and Japan, have made advanced achievements. Comparing the process of development in those countries, the developing stages of information system construction can be divided into three stages, denoted as the initial stage, the middle stage and the advanced stage. To identify the developing stage of China in construction of rural information system, a discriminant analysis methodology is applied in this paper based on the statistic data from 1985 to 2010. By using the history statistic data of developed countries, we can identify the corresponding Fisher discriminant function for each stage of rural information system construction. Using the results of discriminant analysis methodology, we can identify the range of each stage in rural information system construction in China and analysis the corresponding developing traits. Then, taking Jilin province as an specific case in the discriminant analysis, we can identify its time table for rural information system construction.
Impact of Overconfidence, Illusion of control, Self Control and Optimism Bias on Investors Decision Making; Evidence from Developing Markets

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The study is conducted to explore the impact of behavioral biases on Investment Decision by incorporating the behavioral model. For this purpose four behavioral biases have been selected i.e. optimism, overconfidence, illusion of control and self-control. Data for behavioral biases and investment decision was collected from investors in Karachi Stock exchange through questionnaires. A total of 100 questionnaires were distributed but only 50 questionnaires were received back. For the analysis of data regression was used to check the impact of the behavioral biases under study on investment decision. All four biases (Overconfidence, self-control, illusion of control and Optimism) are found to have significant and positive impact on investment decision. The results of study reveal that in Pakistan investors are biased while making investment decision. This study has certain limitations such as the sample used in the study is too small for generalization of results. The biases used in this study are only four which can be extended to other investors biases for further study.
Self-Treatment Techniques in Patients with Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation and the Probable Influence of the Autonomic Nervous System

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Self-treatment techniques in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) have seldom been described. It has been suggested that PAF attacks might be initiated by changes in the tonus of the autonomic nervous system. Our aim was to study patients’ measures to terminate PAF attacks and to evaluate the possible influence of the autonomic nervous system on start and stop mechanisms.
Hibiscus sabdariffa L. VI061959

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Plant Genetic Resource.
Taxonomy: Hibiscus sabdariffa L.
Common name(s): Roselle
Conserved by: World Vegetable Center (WorldVeg), Chinese Taipei (Taiwan)
Local sample unique identifier: VI061959
Method of creation: Acquisition
Date: 2011-12-14
Historical: No
Biological status: Traditional cultivar/landrace
MLS status: Not included
Deciphering and reprogramming the cyclization regioselectivity in bifurcation of indole alkaloid biosynthesis

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Discovery of a cytochrome P450 which synthesizes the plant-derived alkaloid scaffold of methanoquinolizidine is reported. Additionally, an ADH reductase and a BAHD acyltransferase were discovered to complete the biosynthesis of alkaloid akummiline.
Issues, Agendas, and Decision Making on the Supreme Court

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In the process of agenda setting, the U.S. Supreme Court is limited to selecting from among only those cases brought before it. Despite this limitation, the justices possess considerable discretion and can reshape the issues in a case as a means of advancing their policy preferences. With data drawn from the Court's opinions, we find that, over the past twenty-five years, the justices have evinced a frequent willingness to expand the issues on their plenary docket and resolve questions not formally presented by the parties. We conclude that, notwithstanding informal norms that disapprove of this practice, issue fluidity is an important component in a continuous program of agenda building.
Strategies for Sustainable and Circular Management of Phosphorus in the Baltic Sea Region: The Holistic Approach of the InPhos Project

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Despite the significant reduction of phosphorus (P) discharge in the Baltic Sea in the last decades, obtained through the implementation of some approaches within the Helsinki Convention, eutrophication is still considered the biggest problem for the Baltic Sea environment. Consequently, the reduction of P load is an urgent need to solve, but the complexity of both the environmental and legislative context of the area makes this process difficult (more than in the past). Eutrophication is an intricate issue requiring a proper framework of governance that is not easy to determine in the Baltic Sea Region where the needs of several different countries converge. To identify the most suitable strategy to reduce the eutrophication in the Baltic Sea, the InPhos project (no. 17022, 2018–2019, funded by the European Institute of Innovation & Technology (EIT) Raw Materials) adopted a holistic approach considering technical, political, economic, environmental and social aspects of P management. With the aims to raise awareness about the P challenge, foster the dialogue among all the stakeholders, and find solutions already developed in other countries (such as Germany and Switzerland) to be transferred in the Baltic Sea Region, the InPhos project consortium applied the methodology proposed in this paper, consisting of three main phases: (i) analysis of the available technologies to remove P from waste streams that contribute to eutrophication; (ii) analysis of the main streams involving P in Baltic Sea countries to highlight the potential of more sustainable and circular P management; (iii) study of the current context (e.g., already-existing initiatives and issues). This approach allowed us to identify four categories of recommendations and practical actions proposed to improve P management in the Baltic Sea region. During the project, the consortium mainly addressed social aspects. Following steps beyond the project will be more quantitative to determine the techno-economic feasibility of circular P management in selected demo cases in the region.
Separation of Pig Manure Under Slats: to Reduce Releases in the Environment!

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Literature has shown separating urine from feces and frequently removing both fractionsis suitable for diminishing gas and odor emissions from building. On average, under-slat separationsystems in piggeries can reduce ammonia and odor emissions by up to 50%. For the present study,the experimental set-up included 5 treatments, of which 3 separation systems (belt, net, V-shaped scraper). The scraping frequency and the effectiveness of the separation process were evaluated.The experiment took place in 12 identical, completely independent bench-scale rooms with their ownmanure handling system. Each room housed 4 grower-finisher pigs from 30 to 80 kg for an 8-weekperiod. Results show there is a significant effect of the treatment on NH3 emissions (p=0.02).Without the separation process, removing the manure every 2-3 days significantly reduces NH3emissions by 46% (52.7 mg day-1 kgpig-1) compared to the control. Within a storage period of 2-3days, the separation of the urine and feces directly under slats allows a 49% (50.0 mg day-1 kgpig-1)reduction of NH3 emissions compared to the control treatment. The different separation systemshave the same NH3 reduction capacity. Results show there is no advantage for separation orremoval frequency on CO2 and CH4 emissions, within a week period. For the same period, it is notbeneficial to separate excrement and urine directly under slats for reducing odors production in thebuilding. Manure management systems do not have an impact on the hedonic tone.
The effect of anger rumination on employees emotional commitment in pandemic

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Purpose- Since the beginning of the Covid-19 pandemic, it has become necessary for organizations to adapt to the changing environmental conditions much faster and increase their competitive advantages with strategies suitable for the crisis period. In this sense, employees' unity of objectives with their organizations will make it easier to reach both personal and organizational achievements. Unity of objectives is most easily exercised by the employees who are emotionally committed to the organization. The new sources of stress that occur in today's conditions affect employees negatively and thinking about them constantly, focuses them on perceived threats, losses, or injustices which reduces their commitment to the organization. In this sense, employees, who are connected to the organization with a bond of emotions and feelings and wanted to stay in the organization by creating an identification in their identities, can question their life priorities as a result of different emotions such as anger and anger rumination. Based on these observed problems, the aim of the study is to shed a light on the components of employees' anger rumination and their emotional commitment. At the same time, it is to evaluate employees' feelings and thoughts for their organizations.Methodology- This study was performed by explanatory research model. According to this, the effect of employees' anger rumination on their emotional commitment were explained and identified. Data were collected through web-based structured questionnaires and were analyzed and interpreted as tables. Findings- It has been found that anger rumination affects employees' emotional commitment. Repeated negative events in the workplace increase the state of anger and affect the emotional commitment negatively. While the pandemic period also causes an increase in anger rumination, negative experiences cause a decrease in commitment.Conclusion- It has been seen that the psychological states of the employees in the organizations and the events they experience, differ in terms of emotional commitment and according to this point of view, it should be taken into consideration in a crisis environment such as the Covid-19 Pandemic. Since the most important resource of an organization is its employees, the conditions in the organization should be improved by taking the mental health of the employees into consideration, thus maintain increase in the motivation and emotional commitment of the employees.
Abstract 11777: The Prognostic Impact of Living Alone on Long-Term Cardiac Mortality in Patients With Chronic Coronary Syndrome After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: It has been reported that social frailty is associated with increased mortality in elderly patients with heart failure. However, the prognostic impact of social frailty on mortality in ischemic heart disease is unclear. Here we examined the relationship between living alone, which is one of the criteria for social frailty, and long-term mortality in patients with chronic coronary syndrome (CCS) who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods and Results: Consecutive 830 patients with CCS who underwent PCI were enrolled. Patients were divided into two groups according to whether they lived alone or not at the time of discharge. We compared clinical characteristics between two groups and followed cardiac mortality. Patients living alone were younger (66.3 vs. 69.9 years, P = 0.002). The prevalence of comorbidities such as hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, chronic kidney disease, anemia, atrial fibrillation, heart failure, stroke and peripheral artery disease were comparable between two groups. In addition, the rates of medications such as beta-blockers, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors, statins and anti-thrombotic agents did not differ between two groups. In the Kaplan-Meier analysis (mean follow-up period of 1703.9 days), cardiac mortality was significantly higher in the group of patients who were living alone than those who were not (P = 0.008). In the multivariable Cox proportional hazard analyses after adjusting for confounding factors, living alone was an independent predictor of cardiac mortality (hazard ratio 2.44, 95% confidence interval 1.25 - 4.74, P = 0.009). Subgroup analysis which was performed adjusting for interactions between living alone and clinically important variables revealed no interactions. Conclusion: Among CCS patients who underwent PCI, living alone was associated with long-term cardiac mortality regardless of other comorbidities and medications.