jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Consumers Perceptions and Preference for Strawberries—A Case Study from Germany

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Amid a wide array of fruits available in the international market, strawberry has gained high praise among consumers for its unique taste and health benefits. Today’s consumers are more knowledgeable and they are in demand of high quality, nutritionally versatile, and safer plant produce. This has forced both researchers and manufacturers to monitor food production, transportation, and marketing. Based on this background, a detailed ‘online, web-based survey’ was conducted in Germany, which involved consideration of various criteria and consumers’ preferences for strawberries, relevant to the buying behavior, physical attributes, sensorial and nutritional qualities, storage trends, and gastronomy. Our questionnaires were designed based on available research reports/database on strawberries, common knowledge of consumers, and discussions made with local farmers. Results showed frequency of strawberries consumption to be dominated during spring/summer (˜46%). In addition, the majority of the consumers preferred to have strawberries without any physical injuries (˜43%), while an equal percentage of them still accepted strawberries with visible squashy spots (˜43%). Overall, consumers preferred strawberries with uniform color (˜43%), sweet taste (˜66%) with intense or fruity aroma (˜92%) and moderately juicy (˜58%). Results generated in this survey highlight the demands and preferences of consumers as well as indicated certain major gaps that require to be filled along the strawberry production chains for better marketability. Being a first detailed survey, this report is envisaged to be of immense help in enhancing needs and preferences of consumers for strawberries not only in Germany, but also for consumers and growers the world over.
Characterization of the Compounds Present in Bougainvillea x buttiana (var. Rose) with Healing Activity in a Murine Model

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Background/Objective: Bougainvillea x buttiana of the Nyctagenaceae family is widely used in traditional Mexican medicine for treating different diseases. This study was planned to estimate the healing effect of the acetonic extract obtained from Bougainvillea x buttiana (var. Rose). Methods: The bracts with flowers were subjected to extraction using maceration and concentrated in vacuo. Fractionation with a similar profile resulted in 11 fractions, which were determined using TLC. A mouse wound excision model was tested to evaluate the wound healing effect of the topical treatment pre-formulated with fractions of acetonic extract, which were determined using image analysis techniques. Cytokine levels present in the sera of mice treated or not treated with the acetonic extract were determined using the ELISA method. Results: The results obtained showed that the crude acetonic extract of B. x buttiana and/or its fractions in a pre-formulated hydrogel had wound healing capacity. The wound contraction rate and the healing speed in groups of animals treated with the pre-formulated crude extract and/or its fractions were significantly higher compared with the negative control (p < 0.001). Fraction 2 demonstrated more significant healing, reduced the production of cytokines such as IL-6 and TNF-α, and enhanced the levels of IL-10. Conclusion: The present study showed that the fractions obtained from the acetonic extract of B. x buttiana bracts were able to accelerate the wound healing process through anti-inflammatory mechanisms by regulating inflammatory cytokines. The results presented demonstrate that the extracts from B. x buttiana contain compounds that may be responsible for their healing properties.
Exploring an Overview of Applied Theater in Education

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

With the deepening of education reform, the traditional concept of education cannot adapt to the development of the times, the development of Internet technology, but also people's mode of thinking to produce far-reaching impact: the audience is not just a spectator, but a co-performer of the show. The audience should not just passively accept the transmission of information but need to be actively integrated, with common sense. The integration of applied theater and the art of teaching is a new way of teaching that has a history and is in line with the trends of the times. To give full play to the unique value of the theater, the stage, and the audience as one, to convey the power of truth, goodness, and beauty, to play a positive role in education, to bring students a new educational experience and teaching insights, through the participation of the students to improve the students and the actual life of the divergent thinking, to better improve the overall quality of the students. This study found that combining applied drama and multidisciplinary education can play a greater value. Applied drama can not only promote the participants' cognitive behavioral changes, but also the viewers can actively participate in their way, obtaining inspiration and life lessons, the diversity of drama forms enriches the emotional experience of the viewers, so that the blueprints depicted by the people for a better life and the real portrayal.
Improved fermentative production of gamma‐aminobutyric acid via the putrescine route: Systems metabolic engineering for production from glucose, amino sugars, and xylose

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

ABSTRACT Gamma‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a non‐protein amino acid widespread in Nature. Among the various uses of GABA, its lactam form 2‐pyrrolidone can be chemically converted to the biodegradable plastic polyamide‐4. In metabolism, GABA can be synthesized either by decarboxylation of l ‐glutamate or by a pathway that starts with the transamination of putrescine. Fermentative production of GABA from glucose by recombinant Corynebacterium glutamicum has been described via both routes. Putrescine‐based GABA production was characterized by accumulation of by‐products such as N ‐acetyl‐putrescine. Their formation was abolished by deletion of the spermi(di)ne N ‐acetyl‐transferase gene snaA . To improve provision of l ‐glutamate as precursor 2‐oxoglutarate dehydrogenase activity was reduced by changing the translational start codon of the chromosomal gene for 2‐oxoglutarate dehydrogenase subunit E1o to the less preferred TTG and by maintaining the inhibitory protein OdhI in its inhibitory form by changing amino acid residue 15 from threonine to alanine. Putrescine‐based GABA production by the strains described here led to GABA titers up to 63.2 g L −1 in fed‐batch cultivation at maximum volumetric productivities up to 1.34 g L −1 h −1 , the highest volumetric productivity for fermentative GABA production reported to date. Moreover, GABA production from the carbon sources xylose, glucosamine, and N ‐acetyl‐glucosamine that do not have competing uses in the food or feed industries was established. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2017;114: 862–873. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Growth Factors Assessed during Kasai Procedure in Liver and Serum Are Not Predictive for the Postoperative Liver Deterioration in Infants with Biliary Atresia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Biliary atresia (BA) is a neonatal cholangiopathy characterized by progressive destruction of the biliary system resulting in liver cirrhosis. Residual bile drainage can temporarily be achieved through Kasai portoenterostomy (KPE) and some children show long-term survival with their native liver. However, most children eventually require liver transplantation (LTX). As several growth factors (GF) and chemokines have been shown to promote fibrogenesis in the liver, we assessed whether GF are predictive for the course of disease. Material and Methods: Liver and sera samples were collected from 49 infants with BA during KPE. Levels of 13 different GF were measured by multiplex immunoassay. Patient outcomes were stratified into favorable (bilirubin < 20 µmol/L at 2-year follow-up) and unfavorable (LTX). GF levels were compared between groups by a t-test, correlation coefficients were calculated, and principal component analyses performed. Results: Twenty-two patients showed a favorable and 27 an unfavorable disease course. No relation of GF and outcome could be established. In both groups, high levels of SDF-1alpha/CXCL12 (1473.0 ± 497.5 pg/mL), FGF2 (301.2 ± 207.8 pg/mL), and VEGF-a (209.0 ± 146.4 pg/mL) levels were measured within the liver, followed (in descending order) by PDGF-bb, LIF, GM-CSF, BDNF, VEGF-d, beta-NGF, IL-7, SCF, PIGF-1, and EGF. Serum marker levels showed much higher mean variation compared to hepatic values and no correlation to the protein microenvironment in the liver. Conclusions: Our study demonstrates high amounts of GF in livers from infants with BA at KPE, but no correlation to the outcome or serum values could be established. Our data suggest that local or systemic GF levels are unsuitable for prediction of the disease course. Collectively, we conclude that in BA the degree of proliferative activity caused by GF is a dismissible factor for the further course of disease.
R2(GFR)CHADS2 and R2(GFR)CHA2DS2VASc schemes improved the performance of CHADS2 and CHA2DS2VASc scores in death risk stratification of Chinese older patients with atrial fibrillation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Shihui Fu,1,2,* Shanjing Zhou,3,* Leiming Luo,1 Ping Ye1 1Department of Geriatric Cardiology, 2Department of Cardiology and Hainan Branch, 3Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Hainan Branch, Chinese People&amp;rsquo;s Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, People&amp;rsquo;s Republic of China *These authors contributed equally to this work Background: This analysis was carried out to refine the CHADS2 and CHA2DS2VASc scores by combining creatinine clearance (CrCl) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and evaluate the performance of CrCl-based and GFR-based schemes in death risk stratification of Chinese older patients with atrial fibrillation (AF).Methods: There were 219 older patients with AF, and all-cause mortality was assessed during the follow-up of 1.11&amp;nbsp;years. Renal function was evaluated using the CrCl formula and different GFR (Modification of Diet in Renal Disease [MDRD], Chinese MDRD [CMDRD], Mayo Clinic Quadratic [Mayo] and Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration [CKD-EPI]) formulas, and five kinds of R2CHADS2 and R2CHA2DS2VASc schemes were generated by combining CrCl and GFR with CHADS2 and CHA2DS2VASc scores.Results: In Cox regression multivariate analysis, CrCl &amp;lt;60&amp;nbsp;mL/min was moderately associated with death risk (P=0.122 and P=0.144). When MDRD, CMDRD, CKD-EPI and Mayo formulas were used to ascertain the GFR, GFR &amp;lt;60&amp;nbsp;mL/min/1.73&amp;nbsp;m2 was significantly associated with death risk (P&amp;lt;0.001 for all). In the models with CHADS2 and CHA2DS2VASc scores as the linear covariates, CrCl and GFR as the continuous variables were significantly associated with death risk (P&amp;lt;0.05 for all). C-statistics of CrCl-based schemes &amp;ndash; R2(CrCl)CHADS2 and R2(CrCl)CHA2DS2VASc &amp;ndash; moderately exceeded that of CHADS2 and CHA2DS2VASc scores (P=0.081 and 0.082). C-statistics of GFR-based schemes &amp;ndash; R2(GFR)CHADS2 and R2(GFR)CHA2DS2VASc &amp;ndash; significantly exceeded that of CHADS2 and CHA2DS2VASc scores (P&amp;lt;0.05 for all).Conclusion: Chinese older patients with AF with lower levels of GFR and GFR&amp;nbsp;&amp;lt;60&amp;nbsp;mL/min/1.73&amp;nbsp;m2 had a significantly high death risk, and those with lower levels of CrCl or CrCl&amp;nbsp;&amp;lt;60&amp;nbsp;mL/min had a significantly or modestly high death risk. There was significantly better performance of GFR-based schemes and moderately better performance of CrCl-based schemes in death risk stratification compared with CHADS2 and CHA2DS2VASc scores. Keywords: atrial fibrillation, CHADS2, CHA2DS2VASc, older patients, creatinine clearance, glomerular filtration rate
On the description of symmetry of OD structures (III). Short symbols for OD groupoid families

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Two kinds of short symbols are proposed: 1. The short symbol of any OD groupoid‐family consists of two parts: the symbol for the point group of the groupoid of partial symmetry operations and the symbol for the layer group. No information on the parameters is given. 2. The short symbol of any OD groupoid‐family consists of those parts that correspond to the lines of the full symbol. There is, however, only one of the partial symmetry operations given, which transform a layer into an adjacent layer. These short symbols are suitable for storage of the symmetry data of OD structures in computer operated data banks.
Prospective Evaluation of Body Surface Area as a Determinant of Paclitaxel Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics in Women with Solid Tumors

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Purpose: To study a fixed dose (360 mg) of paclitaxel given i.v. over 3 hours to female patients, and to evaluate prospectively the relationships between the following: body surface area and toxicity; body surface area and pharmacokinetics; and pharmacokinetics and toxicity. Experimental Design: The eligibility criteria included the following: female sex; solid tumors; no more than one prior chemotherapy regimen; no prior paclitaxel; performance status of 0 to 2; and normal organ function. Paclitaxel plasma concentrations were quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography. The area under the curve, total body clearance, and hours above 0.05 μmol/L (T &gt; 0.05) were calculated. Results: Thirty-two patients were enrolled, and 29 patients received the correct dose and regimen. For statistical analyses, 26 patients had complete follow-up blood counts, 23 patients had complete data to correlate blood counts and area under the curve, and 25 patients had data to correlate blood counts and T &gt; 0.05. The main toxicity was neutropenia of grade 3 and 4 severity in 21% and 25% of patients, respectively, in cycle 1. The worst grade of any toxicity, nadir WBC and absolute neutrophil count, and survival fractions were assessed; no significant relationship was found between body surface area and any measure of toxicity. Body surface area correlated inversely with area under the curve (r = −0.67; P &lt; 0.001) and correlated with total body clearance (r = 0.69; P &lt; 0.001), but body surface area did not correlate with T &gt; 0.05. Neither area under the curve nor total body clearance were correlated with nadir absolute neutrophil count or survival fractions, but a significant correlation was found between T &gt; 0.05 and log(nadir absolute neutrophil count; r = −0.41; P = 0.04). Conclusions: These results suggest that fixed dosing of paclitaxel is feasible in women, which would simplify the administration of this drug.
HOW TO IMPLEMENT FAIR TRADE IN INDONESIA

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Fair trade is one of the trading system that concern about the fairness and the development of the small producers that tend to be treated unfairly by free trade system since the main idea of competitive advantage from free trade incline to be exploitative towards these small producers. Indonesia has many small producers, artisans and farmers that do trading with international society, therefore, fair trade is supposed to be one of a beneficial trading system that Indonesia should implement. But the fact is that, fair trade is not developed well in Indonesia, even many NGOs and fair trade organization went bankrupt in Indonesia. One of the fair trade organization that still do well and have been categorized as success in implementing the fair trade system is APIKRI, a fair trade organization in craft industry that located in the special region of Yogyakarta. In this paper, we argue that based on APIKRI success, it�s not impossible to implement the fair trade system in Indonesia that will bring a beneficial result to the majority of Indonesian producers which are the small producers, artisans and farmer.
Romanticism, Modernity, and Virtual Reality: An Overview and Reconceptualisation of the Field

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Virtual reality is one of the most prominent of the terms used to describe the postmodern world.In the last two decades, there has been discussion of virtual communities, virtual politics, virtual identities, and even virtual realism.Already in 1995 Jean Baudrillard, in an article entitled 'The Virtual Illusion', reported 'the transformation of life itself, of everyday life, into virtual reality' (107).Despite its contemporary valence there is no extended history of the term and no agreement on how the phenomena it names should be understood.Yet, as Katherine Hayles observes in How we became Postmodern, we must 'understand the complex interplays that went into creating the condition of virtuality' if we are 'to demystify our progress towards virtuality and see it as the result of historically specific negotiations rather than ... technological determinism' (18).In the following pages I argue that the roles played by virtual reality in contemporary culture are to a surprising degree anticipated and conditioned by developments in the late-eighteenth and early-nineteenth century. 1 Discussions of 'virtual reality', a term coined by Jaron Lanier in 1986 (Heim 32), initially focussed on the technology that supports it.Kreuger writes, for example, that virtual reality 'typically refers to three-dimensional realities implemented with stereo viewing goggles and reality gloves' (xiii).The problem with definitions such as these is that, by linking virtual reality to 'cutting-edge' technologies, they confine virtual reality to the present and so preclude attempts to compare digital virtual-realities with those constructed in other eras and with other media.
Elizabeth I

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract Elizabeth I is perhaps the most visible woman in early modern Europe, yet little attention has been paid to what she said about the difficulties of constructing her power in a patriarchal society. This revisionist study examines her struggle for authority through the representation of her female body. Based on a variety of extant historical and literary materials, Frye's interpretation focuses on three representational crises spaced fifteen years apart: the London coronation of 1559, the Kenilworth entertainments of 1575, and the publication of The Faerie Queene in 1590. In ways which varied with social class and historical circumstance, the London merchants, the members of the Protestant faction, courtly artists, and artful courtiers all sought to stabilize their own gendered identities by constructing the queen within the "natural" definitions of the feminine as passive and weak. Elizabeth fought back, acting as a discursive agent by crossing, and thus disrupting, these definitions. She and those closely identified with her interests evolved a number of strategies through which to express her political control in terms of the ownership of her body, including her elaborate iconography and a mythic biography upon which most accounts of Elizabeth's life have been based. The more authoritative her image became, the more vigorously it was contested in a process which this study examines and consciously perpetuates.
Preparation and characterization of CdZnTe particle detectors

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract CdZnTe detectors, as the most widely used X/γ ray detector in room temperature, has the advantages of high sensitivity, low noise, short pulse time and high detection efficiency. As the radiation category encountered in space environment is complex, research on the charged particle detection and particle discrimination capability of CdZnTe detector is conductive to expanding its application and providing solutions for special application scenarios in the space field. Therefore, this work mainly focused on the preparation of high resolution CdZnTe charge particle detectors. The main factors affecting charge particle detection resolution during the preparation of CdZnTe detectors were analyzed. The alpha/beta particle discrimination capability was verified using 241 Am and 90 Sr- 90 Y radiation sources. Alpha particles and beta particles can be distinguished through the rise time of the pulse waveform according to the different incident depth in CdZnTe detectors.
L’INTÉGRATION AFRICAINE FACE AU RÉGIONALISME : ÉTAT DES LIEUX, DÉFIS ET PERSPECTIVES

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The African continent, long on the fringes of history, after more than half a century of independence, continues to ask questions about its future. After having missed the appointment of development and then that of globalization, the time has come, in this context of integration, since it is not necessary to reinvent the wheel, for Africa to assume and to take off. There is nothing new, the European experiences of integration, enriched by centuries of world domination and nourished by years of planetary conflicts, constitute a boon of theories and doctrines in the light of the current processes of integration. The proximity of cultures, values and history is a major player in the sharing of customs. In order to constitute its own model, the culmination of African integration is the genius of the synthesis resulting from the dialectic between its tradition and Western modernity. This is an effective approach to overcoming regionalism on African soil for integration on a continental scale.
Psychiatric disorder and gynaecological symptoms in middle aged women: a community survey.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In a community survey 521 women aged 35-59 were selected at random from all patients registered in two groups practices. They were interviewed at home and assessed by means of standardised psychiatric measures and detailed gynaecological inquiry. Levels of psychiatric morbidity were found to be within the expected range for such a sample. Both psychiatric morbidity and the personality dimension of neuroticism were significantly associated with gynaecological symptoms, including dysmenorrhoea and premenstrual tension, some symptoms of excessive menstruation, and flushes and sweats but not disappearance of menstruation for over six months. Current psychiatric state was significantly associated with recent adverse life events and with indices of psychiatric vulnerability (neuroticism and previous psychiatric history), suggesting possible aetiological links with gynaecological symptoms. The findings of this study have implications for the management of gynaecological complaints in general practice.
Morphological Causatives in Moroccan Arabic: Word- based or Root-based? *

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Cet article examine le statut de la racine comme base de derivation dans la morphologie verbale en arabe marocain. Il fournit un ensemble d'arguments theoriques qui motivent la fonction morphologique de la racine. La preuve provient de la formation des verbes causatifs en arabe marocain. On fait valoir qu'une approche a base de racines evite les problemes de l'incoherence de la base, de la non-conformite de la base et de l'indisponibilite de la base. Cependant, une approche a base de mots fait face a ces problemes. Plus precisement, lorsqu'une approche a base de mots est adoptee, on demontre que a) le causatif peut etre derive de facon incoherente de la forme verbale du parfait ou de l'imparfait, b) certains causatifs perdent de facon aleatoire une partie du materiel phonologique de leurs bases et c) certains causatifs n'ont pas de base correspondante.