jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Challenges of Post-Pandemic Urban Resilience Management

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract The crisis caused by the Covid pandemic is certainly the major disruptive event of this first quarter century, the Russian-Ukrainian military crisis also having the potential (in terms of the global dysfunctions generated) to fit into this typology. Beyond the clear negative effects (social, human, economic, etc.) of the Covid pandemic, however, we must also consider the possible challenges it may pose. The research question of the present article is situated in this thematic register, on a niche topic, urban resilience, re-evaluated, following the materialization of this pandemic context, both in academic research and in terms of contemporary management practice. It is intended, in conjunction with a bibliometric analysis, to highlight possible directions of action within the triple and quadruple helix models for strengthening urban resilience based on the lessons learned from this crisis, directions that are considered useful to a wide range of stakeholders in academia, industry and government. While there is sufficient concern directed towards determining resilience indices, the main thesis considered for this article is that there is a need for synergistic stakeholder action, integrating such elaborations into the proactive framework of a robust yet scalable urban resilience profile in relation to a wide range of events across the urban community security threat spectrum, as was the case with Covid 19.
The Supreme Court and the Presidency: Struggles for Supremacy

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This newest edition to The Supreme Court's Power in American Politics series explores and analyzes the dynamic alliances and tensions between the nation's chief executive and the Court over time. Through primary source and other documents and insightful narratives, this work discusses appointments, prerogative governance, and the role of time and regimes in the complex scheme of checks and balances. Featured topics include: - major theories of constitutional interpretation and their application to the exercise of executive power - the political dynamics in the relationship between the three branches of federal government - the evolution of executive authority and the struggle over the legislative veto - precedents for treaty-making and executive agreements with foreign governments - executive and legislative relations and powers in times of war and national emergency, particularly after 9/11 - the president's authority as commander-in-chief - historical controversies of executive privilege, and censure and impeachment - executive authority to issue pardons - appendix with comparative data about conventional and Court periodization
Combination Hormone Therapy and Breast Tenderness Leads to Greater Risk of Breast Cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Is estrogen plus progestin better than estrogen alone for symptom relief in menopausal women? For women who have not had a hysterectomy, adding progestin to estrogen therapy counteracts the increased risk of uterine cancer from estrogen monotherapy. However, the progestin and estrogen combination increases breast cancer risk. The combination treatment also comes with its own side effects, including breast tenderness, which ranges from 8% to 15% of patients in randomized clinical trials.
Determination of the Optimal Time to Start and to Stop Spraying Against Fungal Diseases of Finger Millet in Uganda

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

(1991). Determination of the Optimal Time to Start and to Stop Spraying Against Fungal Diseases of Finger Millet in Uganda. East African Agricultural and Forestry Journal: Vol. 57, No. 1, pp. 15-21.
High-throughput clinical antimicrobial susceptibility testing and drug-resistant subpopulation detection in Gram-negative bacteria

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT The optimized Easy and Zooming MTT (EZMTT)-based antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) method for Gram-negative bacteria demonstrated 5- to 20-fold enhanced sensitivity and improved the detection limit to approximately 1.13% ± 0.30% growth. This advancement enables the detection of drug-resistant subpopulations that were previously undetectable by the gold standard broth microdilution (BMD) method, which has a growth limitation of approximately 10.15% ± 4.70%. Consistent results were achieved through AST of 205 clinical bacterial samples using both the EZMTT and BMD methods. At 450 nm, the overall positive and negative compliance rates were 98.94% and 99.58%, respectively, with a kappa value of 0.981 and a 95% CI of 0.974–0.988. For each of the 23 antibiotics tested, compliance rates exceeded 90.00%, with kappa values above 0.794 ~ 1.000 for 21 of them. Notably, the AST screening identified a clinical K. pneumoniae strain (KP007) containing drug-resistant subpopulations. Further analysis using the K-B method identified 13 drug-resistant subpopulations in KP007, with detection rates of 100% by the EZMTT method, 77% by the BMD method, and less than 44% by the VITEK method. A series of heteroresistant strains was generated by mixing the parent-sensitive strain (DH10B) with fivefold dilutions of its resistant strain transformed with an ampicillin resistance gene (DH10B-Amp R ). Results indicated that the EZMTT method is more than 3,000 times more effective at detecting the resistant subpopulation (DH10B-Amp R ) compared to VITEK. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that the EZMTT method exhibits good consistency and stability and is a highly sensitive AST method for detecting drug-resistant subpopulations in Gram-negative bacteria. IMPORTANCE Bacterial drug resistance represents a significant global health concern. Currently, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) is widely accepted as a primary criterion for determining bacterial sensitivity or resistance. However, pathogenic bacteria classified as sensitive based on MIC criteria may still exhibit resistance. One crucial factor contributing to this phenomenon is the heterogeneity of bacterial resistance. Due to the small number of drug-resistant bacteria in these subpopulations, their corresponding drug resistance is often challenging to detect in MIC data. AST remains a critical method for guiding the use of antibacterial agents. In this study, we employed the EZMTT method to accurately detect drug-resistant bacterial subpopulations. This method significantly improved assay consistency, stability, and sensitivity in clinical bacterial strains when compared with other methods. Consequently, the application of EZMTT-modified BMD assay in clinical settings may potentially prevent the development of multidrug-resistant bacteria and enhance the treatment of infectious diseases in the future.
Weekday of Surgery Affects Postoperative Complications and Long-Term Survival of Chinese Gastric Cancer Patients after Curative Gastrectomy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Many factors have been reported to affect the long-term survival of gastric carcinoma patients after gastrectomy; the present study took the first attempt to find out the potential role of weekday carried out surgery in the postoperative prognosis of gastric cancer patients. 463 gastric cancer patients have been followed up successfully. Pearsonχ2test was used for univariate analyses. Survival curves were constructed by using Kaplan-Meier method and evaluated by using the log-rank test. The Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to find out the risk factors, and subgroup analysis was conducted to rule out confounding factors. We found that the patients who underwent gastrectomy on the later weekday (Wednesday–Friday) more easily suffered from a higher postoperative morbidity. Weekday of surgery was one of the independent indicators for the prognosis of patients after gastric cancer surgery. However, the role of weekday of surgery was significantly weakened in the complications group. In conclusion, surgery performed in the later weekday was more likely to lead to increased postoperative complications and an unfavorable role in prognosis of Chinese gastric cancer patients after curative gastrectomy.
3079Subclinical progression of biventricular cardiomyopathy in patients with systemic sclerosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a progressive autoimmune disease which has been proven to affect the heart. While it is widely known that the disease can cause pulmonary artery hypertension and therefore secondary right heart impairment, new studies have detected a subclinical heart involvement of both the left and right ventricles. The similar changes in myocardial deformation of both chambers assessed by speckle tracking imaging are consistent with the definition of SSc-related cardiomyopathy as a standalone entity with peculiar characteristics. Purpose The aim of the present study is to describe the progression of myocardial deformation as assessed through speckle tracking in patients with SSc and no pulmonary hypertension. Methods Prospective, longitudinal study on 48 patients affected by SSc. Patients with a history of heart failure, known structural heart disease, atrial fibrillation, and pulmonary hypertension were excluded. For every patient, standard echocardiographical and speckle-tracking derived variables for the systolic and diastolic function of the left ventricle (LV) and right ventricle (RV) were acquired at baseline and after 15±6 months. Results While common parameters of systolic function (Simpons's left ventricular ejection fraction, right ventricular fractional area change, TAPSE, tricuspidal S') did not change during follow-up, mean global longitudinal strain (GLS) significantly worsened for both left (from −19.1%±4.2% to −17.2%±5.0%) and right ventricle (from −17.9%±5.2% to −15.9%±4.8%) over 15 months. The increased impairment seen in SSc patients was homogeneous across endocardial layers (LV: from −21.8%±4.8% to −18.8%±5.2%; RV: from −20.6%±4.5% to −19.4%±4.9%), midventricular layers (LV: from −19.2%±4.5% to −17.7%±4.9%; RV: from −17.7%±4.7% to −16.7%±4.6%) and epicardial layers (LV: from −16.3%±4.7% to −16.0%±4.3%; RV: from −15.4%±5.0% to −14.6%±4.1%), as well as across myocardial segments (Figure 1). No difference in progression rate was seen between the diffuse and limited version of SSc, nor between different serotypes. Figure 1 Conclusions While traditional echocardiographical parameters are useless in order to follow the natural history of SSc-related cardiomyopathy during its early stages, GLS impairment progresses during a 15-month follow-up and involves similarly both the left and right ventricle. Whether, how, and how much the altered myocardial deformation contributes to the incidence of pulmonary arterial hypertension in these patients is still to be assessed. Acknowledgement/Funding Marche Polytechnic University
Polymer-bound chiral auxiliaries in asymmetric hydride reductions.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The preparation of chiral amino alcohols which can be used in the asymmetric reduction of acetophenone is described. These amino alcohols were complexed with lithium aluminum hydride (LAH) and achiral agents in various ratios and once treated with acetophenone, afforded l-phenylethanol in poor to moderate optical yields (20%-70%). These chiral molecules were grafted to 1% crosslinked polystyrene and the polymeric hydride complexes yielded l-phenylethanol in lower optical yield than the model compounds. A detailed study of this behavior using l-ephedrine as the chiral auxiliary allowed us to conclude that site interactions as well as site accessibility were responsible for a decrease in the optical yield of the alcohol when the polymer-supported reagent was used in the reduction of the ketone. This polymer behavior is referred to as the "polymer effect". By making use of polymers with a low degree of functionalization, it was nonetheless possible to obtain optical yields comparable to that of the model molecules. Some amino alcohols were also tested as complexes of diborane and similar optical yields to those of the aluminum hydride complexes were obtained. In order to study the limitation of polymer aluminum complexes vs. the borane complexes, we attempted to prepare polymer-supported 83 and 84. Because of the lability of the benzyl ether bond, the desired polymers were not obtained in sufficiently high yield to allow their use in the reduction of acetophenone.
Efficacy of Probiotic on Duodenal TNF-α Expression and the Histological Findings in the Liver and Lung in Animal Model Canine Coronavirus

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Currently, Canine coronavirus (CCoV) is an enteric pathogen of the Alphacoronavirus-1 species that causes mild to severe diarrhea in puppies. The pathogenesis of this infection will cause severe lymphopenia and lead to death in puppies. This study aimed to determine the administration of probiotics on TNF-α expression, histological findings of the liver and lung in mice infected with CCoV. A total of 28 mice were randomly assigned into seven treatment groups, i.e. (C-) placebo; (C+) active CCoV vaccine induction; (T1) CCov + Isopronosin; (T2) CCoV + Lactobacillus acidophilus probiotic; (T3) CCoV + Lactobacillus Acidophylus and Bifidobacterium probiotics; (T4) CCoV + colustrum fermentation probiotic; (T5) CCoV + ginger, turmeric and ginger probiotics. Thereafter, the expression of TNF-α in the duodenum was stained using immunohistochemistry, liver and lung were stained using hematoxylin eosin. The data were analyzed using the ANOVA test followed by the Tukey test with a significance level (p<0.05). TNF-α expression on T4 and T5 decreased significantly (p<0.05) compared to C+, T1, T2 and T3. Histologic findings of the liver in the C- and T4 groups showed normal features in the central vein. On the other hand, glycogen accumulation was found in hepatocyte cells, hemorrhage with sinusoid dilation, lymphocyte infiltration in centro lobular area in group C+. Lung histology showed normal features of sinusoids and alveolar septa in groups C- and T4. Meanwhile, intra-alveolar hemorrhage was found with neutrophil cell infiltration and fibrin plasma accumulation in group C+. In conclusion, colostrum fermentation probiotics can reduce TNF-α expression in the duodenum and improve the liver and lung physiology in mice infected with CCoV.
Proposal for an HiTOP-based evaluation scale of traits of the Paranoid Personality Disorder

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Aim of the study This study aimed to operationalize a version of the Dimensional Clinical Personality Inventory 2 (IDCP-2) for the screening of typical traits of the Paranoid personality disorder (PPD) from the perspective of the HiTOP, as well as investigate its internal and external validity. Subject or material and methods We selected IDCP-2 factors that appropriately represented PPD traits according to the HiTOP. We created new items for a Rudeness factor. The participants were 454 Brazilian adults (aged 18-70 years). We administered the following scales: IDCP-PPD, PID-5, and CAT-PD-SV. Results We found a one higher-order factor structure for the IDCP-PPD The factors that composed this higher-order factor reflect traits from both HiTOP spectra witch PPD is represented, Thought disorder and Antagonistic externalizing. The expected correlations between IDCP-PPD factors and external measures were observed. Groups comparison indicated people with high levels of pathological traits in the external measures showing higher means in the IDCP-PPD scores in comparison to people with lower means in these measures. Discussion The factors of the IDCP-PPD demonstrated a good capacity for the assessment of PPD traits. Conclusions The findings of our study indicate the IDCP-PPD scale as a useful tool for operationalizing HiTOP for clinical practice. Future studies should test our findings in patients with a PPD diagnosis.
Diagnosis and Management of Coeliac Disease in Childhood

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Coeliac disease does not occur commonly in childhood.Carter, Sheldon, and Walker (1958-9) calculate its incidence at between 1 in 2,000 and 1 in 6,000 of the population.This incidence may be compared with that of the other common cause of steatorrhoea in children, fibrocystic disease of the pancreas, which Carter (1962) states affects 1 in 2,000 children.Since coeliac disease has to be considered in the differential diagnosis of chronic diarrhoea, of wasting disorders, and of growth failure in children, its diagnosis is a common subject of debate in children's hospitals.Its diagnosis rests oi
Absolute Quantitation of Intact Recombinant Antibody\nProduct Variants Using Mass\nSpectrometry

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Accurate\nand precise quantitative measurement of product-related\nvariants of a therapeutic antibody is essential for product development\nand testing. Bispecific antibodies (bsAbs) are Abs composed of two\ndifferent half antibody arms, each of which recognizes a distinct\ntarget, and recently they have attracted substantial therapeutic interest.\nBecause of the increased complexity of its structure and its production\nprocess, as compared to a conventional monoclonal antibody, additional\nproduct-related variants, including covalent and noncovalent homodimers\nof half antibodies (hAbs), may be present in the bsAb product. Sufficient\nseparation and reliable quantitation of these bsAb homodimers using\nliquid chromatography (LC) or capillary electrophoresis-based methods\nis challenging because these homodimer species and the bsAb often\nhave similar physicochemical properties. Formation of noncovalent\nhomodimers and heterodimers can also occur. In addition, since homodimers\nshare common sequences with their corresponding halves and bsAb, it\nis not suitable to use peptides as surrogates for their quantitation.\nTo tackle these analytical challenges, we developed a mass spectrometry-based\nquantitation method. Chip-based nanoflow LC–time-of-flight\nmass spectrometry coupled with a standard addition approach provided\nunbiased absolute quantitation of these drug-product-related variants.\nTwo methods for the addition of known levels of standard (multi- or\nsingle-addition) were evaluated. Both methods demonstrated accurate\nand reproducible quantitation of homodimers at the 0.2% (w/w) level,\nwith the single-addition method having the promise of higher analytical\nthroughput.
Impatiens jangjeonense (Balsaminaceae), a new species from South Korea

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Impatiens jangjeonense (Balsaminaceae), a new species is reported from the mountainous regions of Gangwon-do province in South Korea. The plant shows morphological affinities with I. hambaeksanensis by means of elliptic or rhomboid-elliptic leaf blade, racemose inflorescence with erect rachises, and white or pinkish-white flower with yellowish and purplish spots, but differs from the latter by bigger flower 1.6–3.9 × 1.1–2 cm vs. 2–2.6 × 1.1–1.6 cm, and spur tip mainly 1- or 2-coiled and deeply biparted vs. mainly non-coiled and slightly biparted. Detailed description of the species along with its colored photographs are provided.
A systematic review on the origin, anti-inflammatory effect, mechanism, pharmacokinetics, and toxicity of albiflorin

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Albiflorin, a principal monoterpene glycoside isolated from Paeonia lactiflora Pall., is known for its extensive pharmacological properties and medicinal value in a number of traditional Chinese medicine recipes. Herein, we consolidate current research on the biological profile, anti-inflammatory capabilities, pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution, and toxicity of albiflorin with the, aim of delineating its therapeutic potential and safety profile. Albiflorin exhibits remarkable anti-inflammatory effects in various disease models, including respiratory, urinary, gastrointestinal, and rheumatic conditions, as well as metabolic and nutritional diseases, blood system disorders, mental illnesses, and pain. Pharmacokinetic studies have revealed its efficient absorption, distribution, and elimination, indicating favorable bioavailability with minimal toxicity, as supported by traditional toxicity assessments and next-generation metabolomics analyses. Despite its proven efficacy in a broad spectrum of health conditions, comprehensive toxicological studies are scarce, highlighting the need for further research to ascertain its safety in clinical applications. This review underscores the significant therapeutic promise of albiflorin, rooted in its efficacy as the key active ingredient in relevant traditional Chinese medicine formulas and reinforced by modern scientific inquiry. Albiflorin stands at the intersection of historical wisdom and contemporary pharmacological research, warranting further exploration to harness its full medical potential, especially for the treatment of inflammation-related diseases.
Embodied cognition in 'black metaphors': the BAD IS DARK metaphor in biblical texts

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Recent trends in metaphor studies have focussed on the cultural and ideological dimensions of the conceptualization of experience and its linguistic realization in discourse. Within this perspective, racism has been approached as the driving ideological force underlying the conceptual metaphor BAD IS DARKNESS, and more specific ones, such as DIFFICULT IS DARKNESS and IGNORANCE IS DARKNESS. These metaphors would, in turn, licence what has been referred to, in the literature, as ‘black metaphors’, i.e., metaphorical linguistic expressions which would evoke and, at the same time, perpetuate racism. The aim of this paper is to investigate an alternative hypothesis - without rejecting the ideologically-based one - to approach black metaphors, from the perspective of the sensorimotor experience with the physical phenomenon of darkness. This hypothesis is explored through an investigation of ‘black metaphors’ found in biblical texts. The choice of such corpus is justified, mostly, by the fact that racial discrimination, though clearly present in biblical times, did not seem to be so directly associated with skin colour as it has been more recently. The analysis looks firstly into the passages where the literal linguistic markers of the source domain are found, in order to investigate how the physical experiences with darkness are evaluated in the narratives. Secondly, the metaphorical uses of the same expressions are identified, and the target domains specified. The results of the analysis have confirmed the possibility of the conceptual projection from the sensorimotor experience with darkness onto negatively evaluated abstract notions. This seems to evidence the role of embodied cognition in metaphor, not just in its epistemic, but also in its evaluative function.