jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Distributing Peace of Mind

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

In the multi-barrier approach that the water industry uses to protect public health, distribution systems are a vital link between water utilities and their customers. The more customers a system has, the more it can spread out costs and improve services, yet every customer expects to receive a safe, continuous water supply throughout the distribution system. In addition to minimizing system leaks and managing demands, water systems can do a lot to publicly reinforce the importance of the pipes that deliver safe drinking water to their community's homes and businesses. This month's Journal AWWA touches on a wide range of topics involving water distribution, starting with how utilities can help customers optimize their water use by implement measures that lower their bills. Various incentives can be “stacked” to extend the savings, and as our cover story highlights, the Metropolitan Water District of Southern California has worked diligently with its member agencies and retail agency customers on an approach that allows co-funding flexibility, ensures rebate accuracy, and maintains good results with consumers. Collaborating to improve water conservation allows utilities to help all customers, and it can better address water use efficiency in specific sectors like disadvantaged communities and for large water users. Another article this month focuses on how utilities can better establish and meet levels of service (LoS) within their asset management programs. Different metrics can improve overall service, especially those focused on customer expectations, organizational goals, and technical capabilities. For example, a utility may look at breaks in its distribution system and chart a course to lower the break rate from 15 to 10 breaks per 100 miles of pipe per year. As their experience with this framework grows, utilities can optimize their LoS to maximize resources so they better meet customer expectations and support life cycle decision-making. Further to water system asset management, another article this month explores how advanced analytics, particularly machine learning, can provide more accurate break predictions for water distribution systems. By improving these estimates, utilities can better plan spending on pipe replacement and better prioritize which pipes to replace. Machine learning models present a great opportunity to save money by creating a proactive pipe replacement plan that identifies the right pipes to replace at the right time. Distribution systems may be out of sight, but they are never out of mind for water professionals. If you have innovative projects or sustainable approaches that could benefit the water industry, please consider writing an article for Journal AWWA by contacting me at [email protected].
UAS-based P-band signals of opportunity for remote sensing of snow and root zone soil moisture

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

We have developed the P-band Signals of Opportunity (SoOp) sensor based on the Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS) to remotely sense Snow Water Equivalent (SWE) and Root Zone Soil Moisture (RZSM). The P-band UAS SoOp sensor for Hydrology (UASHydro) would operate on the S2 aircraft developed by Black Swift Technologies for sensing of SWE and RZSM with a spatial resolution of about 10m. Root-zone soil moisture and snow water storage in land are critical parameters of the water cycle. The long-term goal of our development would be to use small UAS to perform regional high resolution observation of two key hydrological measurements to improve the estimation of terrestrial water storage for water management, crop production and forecasts of natural hazard. The UASHydro concept utilizes passive receivers to detect the reflection of strong existing P-band radio signals at the 360-380 MHz band from geostationary Mobile Use Objective System (MUOS) communication satellites launched by the US Navy. The SWE remote sensing measurement principle using the P-band SoOp is based on the propagation delay (or phase change) of radio signals through the snowpack. The time delay of the reflected signal due to the snowpack with respect to snow-free conditions is directly proportional to the snowpack SWE, while the soil moisture can be retrieved from the reflectivity at the P-band frequencies for MUOS. We have been conducting ground-based campaigns to test the instrumentation and data processing methods at the Fraser Experimental Forest in Colorado since February 2016. The field campaign data has provided support to the measurement concept. To install the SoOp technologies on the UAS, a lightweight antenna has been built and interfaces with the S2 built by Black Swift Technologies have been completed. A set of flights have been planned starting April 2018 through the end of 2018 in Colorado.
Evaluation of modal transformation matrices for overhead transmission lines and underground cables by optimization method

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The paper develops a numerical procedure based on constrained optimization for evaluating the modal transformation matrices of overhead transmission lines and underground cables. In the method, the eigenvalue-eigenvector equation is transformed into an objective function which is then minimized for finding eigenvalues and eigenvectors. The method developed avoids completely the problem of eigenvalue switching which causes the discontinuities of eigenvectors encountered in the QR-method. Initial values for starting the optimization at each frequency are the eigenvalues and eigenvectors evaluated at the preceding frequency. This technique leads to the set of smooth eigenvectors that define the modal transformation matrices. The form of the objective function derived in the paper for minimization together with the sequential quadratic programming technique guarantees that convergence to valid eigenvalues and eigenvectors is achieved. Using the method, transformation matrices for a wide range of frequency for representative double-circuit line and underground cable are evaluated.
T1WI Radiomics Analysis of Anterior Scalene Muscle: A Preliminary Application in Neurogenic Thoracic Outlet Syndrome

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aim: This study aimed to analyze the differences in radiomic features of the anterior scalene muscle and evaluate the diagnostic performance of MRI-based radiomics model for neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome (NTOS). Materials and Methods: Imaging data of patients with NTOS who underwent preoperative brachial plexus magnetic resonance neurography were collected and were randomly divided into training and test groups. The anterior scalene muscle area was sliced in the T1WI sequence as the region of interest for the extraction of radiomics features. The most significant features were identified using feature selection and dimensionality-reduction methods. Various machine learning algorithms were applied to construct regression models. Model performance was evaluated using area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC). Results: Totally, 267 radiomics features were extracted, of which 57 showed significant differences ( P ≤ 0.05) between the abnormal and normal anterior scalene muscle groups. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression model identified 13 optimal radiomic features with nonzero coefficients for constructing the model. In the training set, the AUROCs of diagnostic models built by different machine learning algorithms, ranked from highest to lowest, were as follows: support vector machine (SVM), 0.953; multilayer perception (MLP), 0.936; logistic regression (LR), 0.926; light gradient boosting machine (LightGBM), 0.906; and K-nearest neighbors (KNN), 0.813. In the testing set, the rankings were as follows: LR, 0.933; SVM, 0.886; KNN, 0.843; LightGBM, 0.824; and MLP, 0.706. Conclusions: NTOS is attributed to anterior scalene muscle abnormalities and exhibits distinct radiomic features. Integrating these features with machine learning can improve traditional manual image interpretation, offering further clarity in NTOS diagnosis.
Deschooling, Democracy and Accountability

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In June 2013, 1.09 million young people (aged from 16 to 24) in the United Kingdom were Not in Education, Employment or Training (NEET) (Office for National Statistics, 2013). Of the total, 53.6 per cent were looking for work and available for work, while the remainder had either given up looking for work or were not available for work due to personal problems or family responsibilities. In 2009, in 27 European Union countries, an estimated 6.8 million young persons aged 18–24 were not in employment, education or training (Eurostat, 2011). Most young adults falling into this category were in Spain, Latvia, Ireland, Estonia, Slovakia, France and Greece. Those labelled as 'NEETs' by policymakers are of particular relevance to those interested in deschooling and democracy. This is because they point to the difficulties governments face in accounting for how their policies and practices are generating valued and valuable jobs. Without appropriate government policies, not only will the number of 'NEETs' escalate but so too will the adverse consequences on their lives.KeywordsYoung AdultGovernment PolicyGovernment AccountabilitySenior Secondary SchoolingSchool AccountabilityThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Green Electrospun Polymer Nanofibers: Preparation, Challenges, and Applications

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Electrospinning is the simplest technique to produce ultrathin nanofibers, which enables the use of nanotechnology in various applications. In recent times, electrospun nanofibers have received considerable attention since ultrafine nano- to micron-sized fibers offer outstanding characteristics, such as high membrane porosity, a high aspect ratio, molecular orientation, excellent mechanical performance, and a large specific surface area. However, because electrospun nanofibers use solvents with serious problems, such as toxicity, flammability, and difficulty in disposal, they are often far from being environmentally friendly. Due to the limited solvent options, safety and hygiene concerns of modern living, and the current pandemic (COVID-19) situation, it is of utmost importance to take electrospun nanofiber for various applications and consumer products into consideration. To depict electrospun nanofibers as more fascinating and eco-friendly commercial techniques, solvent preferences and other green routes that respect social and legal restrictions have been established. This chapter offers the modern eco-friendly and economic framework of electrospinning technology and briefly focuses on state-of-the-art approaches toward green electrospinning and the importance of green electrospun nanofibers. In the end, a broad range of potential applications and possible future challenges are highlighted.
Self-Perceptions of Aging and Everyday ICT Engagement: A Test of Reciprocal Associations

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Objectives: Everyday information and communication technologies (EICTs), involving digital services, such as online shopping, e-banking, and video calling, are perceived to be associated with youth and a modern lifestyle. On the other hand, older adults are often portrayed as technology-alienated, less willing, and incapable of using EICT. The internalization of potentially negative age stereotypes may compromise actual later life engagement and the ability to perform EICT. At the same time, low engagement in EICT may also contribute to negative self-perceptions of aging (SPA), for example, related to physical loss, social loss, and personal competence. This study was, hence, designed to evaluate the temporal reciprocal associations of SPA and older adults’ EICT use. Methods: The article was based on 2 waves (2014 and 2017) from the German Ageing Survey (DEAS), a nationally representative survey of middle-aged and older individuals aged 40 and older. A cross-lagged model (N = 3,600) was estimated to examine the reciprocal associations of SPA and EICT. Results: The lagged effect of SPA on EICT engagement was nonsignificant, whereas the lagged effect of EICT engagement on SPA in the domain personal competence was significant, indicating that greater EICT engagement predicted more positive SPA related to personal competence 3 years later. Discussion: These findings encourage researchers and policymakers to put further emphasis on the empowerment of older individuals in their EICT engagement. Interventions that promote lifelong learning and age-friendly environments can enhance a more positive aging experience.
Molecular characterization and evolution of the resident population of some alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) isolates in Egypt

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) is an important virus affecting many vegetable crops in Egypt. In this study, virus isolates were collected from naturally infected potato, tomato, alfalfa and clover plants that showed suspected symptoms of AMV in different locations of Beheira and Alexandria governorates during the 2019-2020 growing season. The relative incidence of the virus ranged from 11-25% based on visual observations of symptoms and ELISA testing. A total of 41 samples were tested by ELISA using polyclonal antisera for AMV. Four AMV isolates collected from different host plants, named AM1 from potato, AM2 from tomato, AM3 from alfalfa and AM4 from alfalfa, were maintained on Nicotiana glutinosa plants for further characterization of AMV.Electron micrographs of the purified viral preparation showed spheroidal particles with a diameter of 18 nm and three bacilliform particles with lengths of roughly 55, 68, and 110 nm and diameters identical to those of the spheroidal particles. The CP gene sequence comparisons of four AMV isolates (AM1, AM2, AM3 and AM4) showed the highest nucleotide identity of 99.7% with the Gomchi isolate from South Korea infecting Gomchi (Ligularia fischeri) plants. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the present isolates were grouped together into a distinct separate clade (GPI) along with the Gomchi isolate from South Korea. Similarly, the deduced amino acid sequence comparisons of Egyptian AMV isolates revealed that amino acids Q29, S30, T34, V92 and V175 were conserved among the Egyptian isolates in GPI.The present study found strong evolutionary evidence for the genetic diversity of AMV isolates by the identification of potential recombination events involving parents from GPI and GPII lineages. Additionally, the study found that Egyptian AMV isolates are genetically stable with low nucleotide diversity. Genetic analysis of the AMV population suggested that the AMV populations differ geographically, and AMV CP gene is under mild purifying selection. Furthermore, the study proposed that the Egyptian AMV population had common evolutionary ancestors with the Asian AMV population. Antioxidant enzymes activity was assessed on N. glutinosa plants in response to infection with each AMV isolate studied, and the results revealed that the enzyme activity varied.
Influence of Eu, Tb, Pd dopants on electrical and optical properties of nanostructured TiO<inf>2</inf> thin films

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Present work is concentrating on TiO 2 thin films doped with Pd, Eu and Pd, Tb and Pd. From comparison of undoped TiO 2 with the prepared thin films it has been concluded that doping with Pd gets worse transparency in analysed films and the fundamental absorption edge was shifted to the longer wavelength range. The electrical properties were studied by thermoelectrical measurements. The lowest resistivity, was recorded for the thin films doped with Pd at the amount of 23 at. % and it was equal nearly to 10 -3 Omegacm. Moreover, as it was shown by Seebeck coefficient, doping with selected elements results in different type of electrical conduction. To confirm that investigated thin films can form heterojunction with silicon, structures were examined by current to voltage (I-V) curves.
Moving metals: How microbes deliver metal cofactors to metalloproteins

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract First row d ‐block metal ions serve as vital cofactors for numerous essential enzymes and are therefore required nutrients for all forms of life. Despite this requirement, excess free transition metals are toxic. Free metal ions participate in the production of noxious reactive oxygen species and mis‐metalate metalloproteins, rendering enzymes catalytically inactive. Thus, bacteria require systems to ensure metalloproteins are properly loaded with cognate metal ions to maintain protein function, while avoiding metal‐mediated cellular toxicity. In this perspective we summarize the current mechanistic understanding of bacterial metallocenter maturation with specific emphasis on metallochaperones; a group of specialized proteins that both shield metal ions from inadvertent reactions and distribute them to cognate target metalloproteins. We highlight several recent advances in the field that have implicated new classes of proteins in the distribution of metal ions within bacterial proteins, while speculating on the future of the field of bacterial metallobiology.
Workshop on body composition in basic and clinical research and the emerging technologies

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

A special one-day workshop was held to review the status, the need for, and the future role of BNL in the Body Composition Analysis Program (BCAP). Two speakers succinctly outlined the status and future new developments using gamma nuclear resonance technology as it applies to BCAP. Seven speakers from three institutions outlined the continued need for BCAP and presented new clinical applications of BCAP in theirs respective fields of expertise. Extensive increase in the use of surrogate instrumentation, e.g., DXA and BIA, in BCAP was recognized as a significant contributing factor to the growth in BCAP. The growing role of MRI in BCAP was also emphasized. In light of these developments BCAP at BNL, with its specialized In Vivo Neutron Activation (IVNA) facilities, was recognized as a unique user oriented resource that may serve the community hospitals in the area. Three regional large institutions expressed their desire to use these facilities. In addition, IVNA provides direct measure of the human compartments in vivo, thus providing a gold standard for the surrogate methodologies that are in use or to be developed. It was strongly felt that there is a need for a calibration center with a national stature for the different methodologies for in vivo measurements, a role that befits very well a national laboratory. This offers an exquisite justification for DOE to support this orphan technology and to develop BCAP at BNL to, 1, provide a user oriented regional resource, 2, provide a national reference laboratory, and 3, develop new advanced technologies for BCAP.
Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (qMRI) in axial spondyloarthritis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Imaging, and particularly MRI, plays a crucial role in the assessment of inflammation in rheumatic disease, and forms a core component of the diagnostic pathway in axial spondyloarthritis. However, conventional imaging techniques are limited by image contrast being non-specific to inflammation and a reliance on subjective, qualitative reader interpretation. Quantitative MRI methods offer scope to address these limitations and improve our ability to accurately and precisely detect and characterise inflammation, potentially facilitating a more personalised approach to management. Here, we review quantitative MRI methods and emerging quantitative imaging biomarkers for imaging inflammation in axial spondyloarthritis. We discuss the potential benefits as well as the practical considerations that must be addressed in the movement toward clinical translation of quantitative imaging biomarkers.
Antibiotic Sensitivity Screening of Klebsiella spp. and Raoultella spp. Isolated from Marine Bivalve Molluscs Reveal Presence of CTX-M-Producing K. pneumoniae

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Klebsiella spp. are a major cause of both nosocomial and community acquired infections, with K. pneumoniae being responsible for most human infections. Although Klebsiella spp. are present in a variety of environments, their distribution in the sea and the associated antibiotic resistance is largely unknown. In order to examine prevalence of K. pneumoniae and related species in the marine environment, we sampled 476 batches of marine bivalve molluscs collected along the Norwegian coast. From these samples, K. pneumoniae (n = 78), K. oxytoca (n = 41), K. variicola (n = 33), K. aerogenes (n = 1), Raoultella ornithinolytica (n = 38) and R. planticola (n = 13) were isolated. The number of positive samples increased with higher levels of faecal contamination. We found low prevalence of acquired resistance in all isolates, with seven K. pneumoniae isolates showing resistance to more than one antibiotic class. The complete genome sequence of cefotaxime-resistant K. pneumoniae sensu stricto isolate 2016-1400 was obtained using Oxford Nanopore and Illumina MiSeq based sequencing. The 2016-1400 genome had two contigs, one chromosome of 5,088,943 bp and one plasmid of 191,744 bp and belonged to ST1035. The β-lactamase genes blaCTX-M-3 and blaTEM-1, as well as the heavy metal resistance genes pco, ars and sil were carried on a plasmid highly similar to one found in K. pneumoniae strain C17KP0055 from South-Korea recovered from a blood stream infection. The present study demonstrates that K. pneumoniae are prevalent in the coastal marine environment and that bivalve molluscs may act as a potential reservoir of extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing K. pneumoniae that may be transmitted through the food chain.
The Death Anxiety Inventory: A Revision

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This work was an analysis of responses to the Death Anxiety Inventory from 866 Spanish participants, 673 women and 193 men. Eliminating an item with a negative corrected item-total correlation and two more items which had low loadings on all factors yielded a 17-item inventory with a Cronbach coefficient alpha of .92 and a factorial structure of four significant factors which accounted for 65.8% of the total variance. These four factors were labeled Death Acceptance, Externally Generated Death Anxiety, Death Finality, and Thoughts About Death.