jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
[Extracapsular cataract extraction and implantation in the capsular sac during vitrectomy in diabetics].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Removal of the lens is often performed during pars plana vitrectomy for complications of proliferative diabetic retinopathy, but correction of aphakia often remains unsatisfactory. Some authors have reported posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation during pars plana vitrectomy in diabetic patients who presented with coexisting cataract and vitreoretinal complications from proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Some patients were operated by pars plana lensectomy and vitrectomy followed by posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation in the ciliary sulcus, others by extracapsular extraction, posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation in the ciliary sulcus, and pars plana vitrectomy. Other authors have described phacoemulsification through the limbus, pars plana vitrectomy and implantation in the capsular bag in one operation in various indications, including complications of proliferative diabetic retinopathy. We inserted a posterior chamber intraocular lens into the capsular bag in 18 eyes of 16 patients with complications of proliferative diabetic retinopathy after extracapsular cataract extraction and pars plana vitrectomy in a single session. A standard extracapsular cataract extraction was performed before pars plana vitrectomy. Sufficient anterior capsule was left in place in order to facilitate implantation in the capsular bag after pars plana vitrectomy. The anterior chamber was filled with sodium hyaluronate in order to maintain anterior chamber depth, corneal clarity, and good mydriasis during the continuation of the procedure. A standard three port pars plana vitrectomy was performed in all cases. After closure of superior sclerotomies, superior corneal incision was partially reopened, an intraocular lens specifically designed for the capsular bag with an optic size of 7 mm was inserted, and the corneal incision was closed with interrupted 10/0 sutures.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Critical exponents of colloid particles in bulk and confinement

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Using grand canonical Monte Carlo simulations, we investigate the percolation behavior of a square well fluid with an ultra-short range of attraction in three dimension (3D) and in confined geometry. The latter is defined through two parallel and structureless walls (slit-pore). We focus on temperatures above the critical temperature of the (metastable) condensation transition of the 3D system. Investigating a broad range of systems sizes, we first determine the percolation thresholds, i. e., the critical packing fraction for percolation $η_{c}$. For the slit-pore systems, $η_{c}$ is found to vary with the wall separation $L_{z}$ in a continuous but non-monotonic way, $η_{c}(L_{z}\rightarrow\infty)=η_{c}^{\text{3D}}$. We also report results for critical exponents of the percolation transition, specifically, the exponent $ν$ of the correlation length $ξ$ and the two fisher exponents $τ$ and $σ$ of the cluster-size distribution. These exponents are obtained from a finite-size analysis involving the cluster-size distribution and the radii of gyration distribution at the percolation threshold. Within the accuracy of our simulations, the values of the critical exponents of our 3D system are comparable to those of 3D random percolation theory. For narrow slit-pores, the estimated exponents are found to be close to those obtained from the random percolation theory in two dimensions.
Contingent Fees in California

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

ALL LAWYERS are rich. They get huge fees. When they are attorneys for a decedent's estate, they take the whole estate. They crack the walnut, give each litigant one of the two halfshells, and eat the kernel themselves. Or else, it is an oyster which they eat, giving the litigants the somewhat less edible valves. All this must be true because laymen have said it about lawyers for many hundred years. It must, therefore, be something of a surprise to laymen to discover that lawyers-a great many lawyers-are willing to work, and work hard, for nothing. Or at any rate for an excellent chance of getting nothing. Not only will they work hard, but they will put themselves to considerable expense which may very well never get repaid. And when laymen discover that the lawyers who do this are assailed by other lawyers for the impropriety of their conduct, they will doubtless be confirmed in their conviction that everything that lawyers do which sounds well-disposed or benevolent to laymen is bitterly opposed by the generality of the profession. That, we must remember, is an important and often neglected element in the question of the contingent fee; the contrast between the popular and the professional point of view on the subject. To the laity the offer of a lawyer to conduct litigation wholly or partly at his own expense and to be paid only if he is successful in obtaining not merely a judgment but an actual recovery, is, in the main, taken to be a laudable and beneficial proposal. Among lawyers, on the other hand, the arrangement for a contingent fee was at one time not only void, but constituted a criminal offense, the offense of champerty.' That is still the rule in England. And at the present time, in places where it is not void, it is looked upon with disfavor, not to say with contempt.
The Trouble with Free-Water Elimination using Single-Shell Diffusion MRI Data: A Case-Study in Ageing

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Two different algorithms for free-water elimination (FWE) were applied to single-shell and multi-shell diffusion MRI data. Positive correlations were found between age and fractional anisotropy (FA) estimated with the FWE algorithm for single-shell, but this was not replicated with multi-shell diffusion data. Because only the multi-shell FWE algorithm is well-posed, we postulated that the positive correlations between age and FA must be a false positive finding, resulting from inappropriate fitting using single-shell data. FWE estimates from single-shell modelling have been shown to be biologically plausible, but this does not imply specificity, and more work is required to validate these approaches.
A simple method for increasing the response to artificial selection

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

SUMMARY Selection theory usually assumes an equally probable contribution of each selected individual to a large ‘gene pool’ from which the individuals to be measured in the next generation are sampled. With unequal contributions it is possible to find several sets of values for N (the number of selected individuals) and f i (probability of contribution of the i th individual) such that the same selection intensity is attained. It is suggested that the set of values producing minimum genetic drift should be chosen in order to increase the long-term response without any reduction in the short-term advance.
Tuning the Tadpole Improved Clover Wilson Action on Coarse Anisotropic Lattices

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Wilson quark action, with tadpole improved clover term added, is studied on coarse anisotropic lattices. The bare velocity of light parameter in this action is determined non-perturbatively using the pseudo-scalar and vector meson dispersion relations for various values of the gauge coupling $β$ and bare quark mass parameter $κ$.
GLUTATHIONE STIMULATES LIVER ANTI-OXIDANTS RELATED GENES AND REDUCES HEPATIC DYSFUNCTION INDUCED BY DIETARY MYCOTOXINS IN LAYING HENS

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

This study was performed to evaluate the protective effects of feeding reduced glutathione (GSH) against hepatic dysfunctions related to dietary aflatoxicosis in Inshas chickens (a local Egyptian chicken strain).5 ppm of GSH were used with 500 ppm of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) /kg diet administrated.In total, 96 chickens were divided into 4 treatments with 3 replicates.T1 was the negative control.T2was the positive control group (AFB1).Groups T3 and T4 were administrated with GSH, and GSH+ AFB1, respectively.At the end of the experiment (28-38) wk of age, samples were collected for analysis.The results showed that AFB1 has significant potency for increasing aspartate transaminase (AST), creatinine in blood, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in muscle , while reducing the plasma α-tocopherol content, antioxidants enzymes (glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and total antioxidant capacity) in blood of chicken.In addition, the negative effects of AFB1 on mRNA for antioxidant enzymes (GPX, SOD and CAT), hepatosomatic index (HSI), lipid peroxidation on birds aflatoxicosis were recorded in this study, also the efficacy of GSH for ameliorating aflatoxicosis were recorded.Moreover, these results showed that the ability of GSH when use with aflatoxicosis to counteract the toxic effects of AFB1 on chickens.Additionally, the GSH-Px (T3) were enhanced the antioxidative status.Finally, the optimal levels of GSH and method of used for detoxification of aflatoxin effects need more studies.
Distinct patterns of chromosomal alterations in high- and low-grade head and neck squamous cell carcinomas.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Comparative genomic hybridization was performed on 30 primary head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. Fractional or entire DNA loss of chromosome 3p was a basic finding that occurred in 29 cases (97%). Additional DNA underrepresentations were observed in more than 50% of the cases on chromosomes 1p, 4, 5q, 6q, 8p, 9p, 11q, 13q, 18q, and 21q. Deletions on chromosomes 3p, 13q, and 17p were confirmed by loss of heterozygosity analysis. Entire or partial DNA copy number increases were identified for chromosome 3q in 26 cases (87%) with high-level amplifications at 3q24 and 3q27-qter. Overrepresentations were found in decreasing order of frequency at 11q13 (70%), 8q (57%), 19q (50%), 19p (47%), and 17q (47%). The use of comparative genomic hybridization superkaryograms of the group of well-differentiated carcinomas (G1) indicated that the deletions on chromosomes 3p and 9p along with the overrepresentation of 3q are associated with early tumor development. Accordingly, the undifferentiated tumors (G3) were characterized by additional deletions on chromosomes 4q, 8p, 11q, 13q, 18q, and 21q and overrepresentations on 1pter, 11q13, 19, and 22q, suggesting that these changes are preferentially associated with tumor progression.
Sympathoexcitation by bradykinin involves Ca2�-independent protein kinase

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Bradykinin has long been known to excite sympathetic neurons via B 2 receptors, and this action is believed to be mediated by an inhibition of M-currents via phospholipase C and inositol trisphosphate-dependent increases in intracellular Ca 2 �.Inprimary cultures of rat superior cervical ganglion neurons, bradykinin caused an accumulation of inositol trisphosphate, an inhibition of M-currents, and a stimulation of action potential-mediated transmitter release. Blockade of inositol trisphosphate-dependent signaling cascades failed to affect the bradykinin-induced release of noradrenaline, but prevented the peptide-induced inhibition of M-currents. In contrast, inhibition or downregulation of protein kinase C reduced the stimulation of transmitter release, but not the inhibition of M-currents, by bradykinin. In cultures of superior cervical ganglia, classical (�, �I, �II), novel (�, �), and atypical (�) protein kinase C isozymes were detected by immunoblotting.
Evaluating clinical competence of distant nurse practitioner students.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Developing and evaluating core clinical competencies of nurse practitioner students at distant clinical sites requires dialog among the student, the clinical preceptor and University faculty. Students enter our program with diverse backgrounds, experience and interests. Here we demonstrate an innovative online Clinical Development Scale (CDS) that gathers self assessment data from each student, analyzes, organizes and prioritizes competencies to be accomplished in a clinical practicum, produces midterm and final evaluation summaries from data contributed by both student and preceptor and displays action plans developed by students, for meeting deficient competencies for preceptor and faculty approval.
Electron gun design for multi-beam pulsed amplifier

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents the design of an eight beam electron gun using OPERA 3D code for pulsed amplifier. The electron gun has to deliver total current 560 (70×8) mA at voltage 6 kV. Each beam has a perveance of 0.15 μP making a total gun perveance of 1.2 μP corresponding to a total beam power of more than 3 kW. The cathode radius is 13.5 mm and individual emitter radius is 1.55 mm having current density 0.92 A/cm 2 . Focusing has been accomplished through solenoid. The beam pulsing can be accomplished through beam forming electrode relatively at lower negative potential at BFE with respect to cathode. This design has an added feature of cathode protection from ion bombardment with the application of additional ion barrier anode.
STRUCTURE OF THE VASCULAR PARENCHYMA IN THE STEM OF LYCOPODIUM LUCIDULUM

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

At maturity the vascular cylinder of the stem of Lycopodium lucidulum contains two distinct types of parenchyma cells, one which is always associated with sieve cells, the other with tracheids. The remaining parenchyma cells have characteristics intermediate between the two extremes. The most conspicuous feature of the sieve cell‐associated parenchyma cell is the very dense appearance of its protoplast, due to a high ribosome population and absence of large vacuoles. The large, ramifying nuclei of these cells have numerous connections with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The tracheid‐associated parenchyma cells, which are light in appearance, contain many small vacuoles and a relatively small ribosome population. These cells also contain relatively small nuclei and considerable ER cisternae. The parenchymatous elements which have characteristics intermediate between sieve cell‐ and tracheid‐associated parenchyma may or may not be contiguous to the sieve cells or tracheids. An intergradation in wall thickness occurs among parenchyma cells of the vascular cylinder, the thicker‐walled cells being adjacent to the sieve cells, the thinner‐walled ones next to the tracheids. An intergradation also occurs in the frequency of plasmodesmata between the various parenchyma cells. The closer parenchyma cells are to the sieve cells the greater the number of connections between them. No plasmodesmata were found between the tracheid‐associated parenchyma cells.
Exploring the distinct patterns of pupil dilation between space- and feature-based attention in a visual search task

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Top-down visual attention prioritized selected visual information such that deploying an appropriate selection mechanism in accordance with pre-cued information facilitates target search. For example, if the likely color of an upcoming target is known, observers may deploy feature-based attention (FBA) to improve the speed and/or accuracy with which the target is identified; if the likely location is known, observers may instead deploy space-based attention (SBA). Our goal here was to determine whether pupil size during the pre-cueing period and throughout visual search could distinguish between these selection mechanisms. We hypothesized that FBA deployment should be associated with a larger change in pupil size, given that (1) FBA is deployed globally across the visual filed, in contrast to SBA, and (2) pupil size tends to increase with broad attentional deployment. To test this hypothesis, we reanalyzed the pupil data from a previously published study in which participants were either presented with a central color or location pre-cue. Following the short cueing period (300ms), all aspects of the visual display and task design were matched between groups. As predicted, a time course time-locked to cue onset reveals significant differences in pupil size between selection mechanisms, with participants assigned to the FBA task showing on average a greater change in pupil size throughout the trial, as well as a higher mean amplitude. Visual inspection of individual trial data suggested consistent differences between selection mechanisms. Permutation tests further suggested that the differences in pupil diameter emerged as early as the pre-cue onset, suggesting a potential distinct pattern of pupil dilation between SBA and FBA even before stimulus presentation – and continued throughout visual search. This finding opens the possibility that pupillometry may be used to differentiate between FBA and SBA deployment during visual search, even before stimulus presentation or a behavioral response.
Electronic Spectral Shifts of Nonpolar Molecules in Nonpolar Solvents

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A theory of the red shift of low-lying electronic bands of nonpolar molecules in nonpolar solvents is presented. The difference between the dispersion forces in the ground and excited states is investigated by perturbation theory and an approximate formula is derived according to which (in dilute solution) Red shift=16αBzR̄−6{14EαA+M2},where αA and αB are the molecular polarizabilities of the solute and solvent, respectively, M and E are the dipole moment and energy of the transition, and each solute molecule is supposed to be surrounded by z solvent molecules at a mean distance R̄.
Change and Continuity: The Making of Contemporary Hollywood Animation

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In setting the scene, the opening chapter does four things. First, it surveys production trends in Hollywood feature animation from the 1930s to the present. Second, it presents an overview of the major changes in the Hollywood film industry since the 1970s, contextualising the resurgence of animation within developments in live-action cinema, family entertainment and multimedia conglomeration. Third, it examines the stylistic continuities and changes in post-1990s Hollywood animation, particularly with regards to the rise of computer animation. And fourth, it weighs the recurrent narrative structures and mythological influences on the form against more recent changes in storytelling conventions.
SOLVING THE HAMILTONIAN CYCLE PROBLEM USING SYMBOLIC DETERMINANTS

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In this note we show how the Hamiltonian Cycle problem can be reduced to solving a system of polynomial equations related to the adjacency matrix of a graph. This system of equations can be solved using the method of Gröbner bases, but we also show how a symbolic determinant related to the adjacency matrix can be used to directly decide whether a graph has a Hamiltonian cycle.
Cyclic Nucleotide-Dependent Phosphorylation Regulates BK-Ca Channel Activity in Human Coronary Artery Smooth Muscle Cells

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) can induce dysfunction in organ systems by attenuating normal blood flow. Gonadal steroids are vasoactive hormones, but their role in contributing to cardiovascular function remains controversial. We have demonstrated that gonadal steroids can relax coronary arteries by opening the large-conductance, calcium- and voltage-activated potassium (BKca) channel in smooth muscle cells by increasing cyclic nucleotide levels; however, the signaling pathways involved remain to be elucidated. The purpose of this study was to identify how phosphorylation (via cAMP- and cGMP-dependent protein kinases) I dephosphorylation (via phosphoprotein phosphatase 2A, PP2A) regulates BKca channel activity in human coronary artery smooth muscle cells (HCASMC). BKca channel activity was recorded from single HCASMC (Lonza/Clonetics) via single-channel and whole-cell patch-clamp. Channel activity was stimulated by increasing intracellular calcium levels or by increasing either cAMP or cGMP, but the stimulatory effect was mediated predominately via the cGMP-dependent protein kinase. In addition, inhibition of PP2A decreased channel activity. These findings demonstrate that cyclic nucleotide-dependent vasodilators can regulate arterial function via phosphorylation of BKca channels, and that dephosphorylation of the channel (via PP2A) may play a role in channel activation. We propose that modulation of BKca channels via hormone- or drug-induced phosphorylation could be a novel therapeutic means of helping to lower the risk of CVD in both males and females.
WIE4A^ (MEINE DGS – annotiert. Öffentliches Korpus der Deutschen Gebärdensprache, 1. Release)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Ein Type aus der Annotation von MEINEDGS mit allen seinen Tokens aus MEINEDGS: The Public DGS Corpus consists of more than 50 hours of video data from the DGS-Korpus project made available together with annotations for research purposes. In this project, data were collected all across Germany in the timeframe 2010-2012. The public corpus shows 330 informants in 4 different age groups (from 18 years on) from 13 different regions. All parts are conversations between two informants in German Sign Language (DGS). The majority of transcripts included cover discussions and reports on Deaf life and personal experiences, although there are examples of other tasks such as story retellings as well.
Transcripts are made available in iLex and ELAN format as well as in SRT subtitles format that can be imported in MaxQDA and other analysis tools, together with the mp4 video files in 360p50. Diese DOI identifiziert die Version 1.0 des Datensatzes.
Determination of naringin and neohesperidin from Daidai flavones SMEDDS soft capsule by multi-components quantitation with one marker

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

OBJECTIVE To set up a method for determination of naringin and neohesperidin of Daidai flavones SMEDDS soft capsule.METHODS The column was 250-4 lichrocart C18.The mobile phase was acetonitrile: water with 0.1% phosphoric acid(22∶78).The flow rate was 1.0 mL·min-1 and detection wavelength was set at 284 nm.Multi-components quantitation by one marker was used to determine neohesperidin with naringin as the reference object and compare it with the method of HPLC.RESULTS The naringin calibration curve was linear over the range of 4.080-20.440 μg·mL-1 with the r=0.999 1.The neohesperidin calibration curve was linear over the range of 6.384-31.920 μg·mL-1 with the r=0.999 2.Pearson correlation coefficient between the method of HPLC and multi-components quantitation by one marker was 0.999 while the relative error was less than 0.5%.CONCLUSION The result of determination by multi-components quantitation by one marker is consistent with determinnation by HPLC without significant difference.The method of multi-components quantitation by one marker can be used for quality control of Daidai flavones SMEDDS soft capsule.