jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Pre-clinical QT Risk Assessment in Pharmaceutical Companies - Issues of Current QT Risk Assessment -

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Since the Committee for Proprietary Medicinal Products (CPMP) of the European Union issued in 1997 a "points to consider" document for the assessment of the potential for QT interval prolongation by non-cardiovascular agents to predict drug-induced torsades de pointes (TdP), the QT liability has become the critical safety issue in the development of pharmaceuticals. As TdP is usually linked to delayed cardiac repolarization, international guideline (ICH S7B) has advocated the standard repolarization assays such as in vitro IKr (hERG current) and in vivo QT interval, or in vitro APD (as a follow up) as the best biomarkers for predicting the TdP risk. However, the recent increasing evidence suggests that the currently used above biomarkers and/or assays are not fully predictive for TdP, but also does not address potential new druginduced TdP due to the selective disruption of hERG protein trafficking to the cell membrane or VT and/or VF with QT shortening. There is, therefore, an urgent need for other surrogate markers or assays that can predict the proarrhythmic potential of drug candidate. In this review, we provide an ideal pre-clinical strategy to predict the potentials of QT liability and lethal arrhythmia of the drug candidates with recent issues in this field in mind, not at the expense of discarding therapeutically innovative drugs.
Characterization Ho chicken breed in region of origin: Bac Ninh province (VietNam)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The objectives of this study are to determine the morpho-biometric characteristics of Ho chicken, one indigenous Vietnamese chicken breed, to evaluate its production, reproduction performances and egg quality. The study was carried on in Northern Vietnam, from September 2013 to April 2015, on 20 households raising Ho chicken. Morpho-biometric characterization was based on measurement of 128 adult individuals (101 hens and 27 cocks). The egg production was measured on 66 hens from surveyed farmers. A total of 29 eggs were freshly collected from 8 hens at the 20th laying week for quality analysis. Ho chicken breed is a breed with a large dimension, a large diversity in the colors (black with gold hackle, black copper, wheat, tan and tricolor), a heavy weight (3.78 kg and 2.64 kg as average weights for adult males and females respectively), a low egg production (66,18 eggs/year) and a relatively low hatching rate (72.81%). The number of broodings per Ho hen per year is on average 5.23, with an average of 12.73 eggs per brood. Therefore, improving the production in the Ho chicken breed should be undertaken to obtain better performances, higher economic efficiency while maintaining this genetic heritage and sustaining the biodiversity of the avian breeds.
Factors shaping Asian Americans’ attitudes toward homosexuality

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Numerous studies explore racial differences in attitudes toward homosexuality in the United States, but relatively little research focuses on Asian Americans. Using the 2016 National Asian American Survey and the 2012 Pew Asian-American Survey, this study examines the factors shaping Asian Americans' likelihood of supporting legal protections against sex-based discrimination and socially accepting homosexuality. It finds that second-generation Asians are much more likely to socially accept homosexuality and support legal protections for sex-based discrimination than the first generation, which hints at intergenerational acculturation. Among other factors, ethnicity, religion, and education all shape Asians' attitudes, but their relative importance varied by immigrant generation and the dimension of attitudes. Taken together, the findings highlight the heterogeneity of Asian Americans and confirm the importance of accounting for the multidimensionality of attitudes toward homosexuality in research.
Cotton-Insect Control with Low-Volume Concentrates of Malathion Applied by Aircraft1

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Aircraft applications of malathion, applied as a lowvolume concentrate spray and in a conventional water-emulsion spray, were compared for effectiveness against cotton insects in a field test conducted in Pinal County, Ariz., during July 1964. In both cases malathion was applied at the rate of 1.25 lb of actual toxicant per acre. The total amounts of formulation applied per acre were 1 pint for the low-volume concentrate spray and 5 gal for the water emulsion spray. The low-concentrate spray was applied to a single 40-acre plot, using a plane equipped with 5 equally spaced D-4 orifice nozzles, flown at a height of 30 ft, with swaths 70 ft wide. The water-emulsion spray was applied to a 14-acre plot with a conventionally constructed aircraft, flown immediately above the cotton plants, with swaths 40 ft wide. An adjacent 14-acre plot was left untreated. Results were measured by standard sweep-net counts of insects present. In the 40-acre low-volume concentrate plot, 9 samples of 100 net strokes each were taken. In each of the 14-acre plots used for comparison 3 similar samples were taken. Plots were sampled by this method 2 hr before treatment and 3 and 10 days after treatment.
Structural and Antibacterial Characterization of a New Benzamide FtsZ Inhibitor with Superior Bactericidal Activity and In Vivo Efficacy Against Multidrug-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial pathogen of acute clinical significance. Resistance to current standard-of-care antibiotics, such as vancomycin and linezolid, among nosocomial and community-acquired MRSA clinical isolates is on the rise. This threat to global public health highlights the need to develop new antibiotics for the treatment of MRSA infections. Here, we describe a new benzamide FtsZ inhibitor (TXH9179) with superior antistaphylococcal activity relative to earlier-generation benzamides like PC190723 and TXA707. TXH9179 was found to be 4-fold more potent than TXA707 against a library of 55 methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) and MRSA clinical isolates, including MRSA isolates resistant to vancomycin and linezolid. TXH9179 was also associated with a lower frequency of resistance relative to TXA707 in all but one of the MSSA and MRSA isolates examined, with the observed resistance being due to mutations in the ftsZ gene. TXH9179 induced changes in MRSA cell morphology, cell division, and FtsZ localization are fully consistent with its actions as a FtsZ inhibitor. Crystallographic studies demonstrate the direct interaction of TXH9179 with S. aureus FtsZ (SaFtsZ), while delineating the key molecular contacts that drive complex formation. TXH9179 was not associated with any mammalian cytotoxicity, even at a concentration 10-fold greater than that producing antistaphylococcal activity. In serum, the carboxamide prodrug of TXH9179 (TXH1033) is rapidly hydrolyzed to TXH9179 by serum acetylcholinesterases. Significantly, both intravenously and orally administered TXH1033 exhibited enhanced in vivo efficacy relative to the carboxamide prodrug of TXA707 (TXA709) in treating a mouse model of systemic (peritonitis) MRSA infection. Viewed as a whole, our results highlight TXH9179 as a promising new benzamide FtsZ inhibitor worthy of further development.
The conjugacy problem in hyperbolic groups for finite lists of group\n elements

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Let G be a word-hyperbolic group with given finite generating set, for which\nvarious standard structures and constants have been pre-computed. A\n(non-practical) algorithm is described that, given as input two lists A and B,\neach composed of m words in the generators and their inverses, determines\nwhether or not the lists are conjugate in G, and returns a conjugating element\nshould one exist. The algorithm runs in time O(m mu)$, where mu is an upper\nbound on the lengths of elements in the two lists. Similarly, an algorithm is\noutlined that computes generators of the centraliser of A, with the same bound\non running time.\n
Identification of HLA-DRB1 and HLA-DQB1 identical individuals by a cytokine-based mixed lymphocyte culture.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Cytokine determination in MLC is under discussion as providing more sensitive and specific information regarding host-graft compatibility, and is therefore suggested to represent a new method for transplantation medicine. Little is known, however, about the stimulatory influence of HLA class II antigens and minor lymphocyte-stimulating antigens (Mls). Our results demonstrate that cytokine determination in MLC is suitable to detect identical alleles of HLA-DRB1 and HLA-DQB1. Among more than 100 random MLC experiments, we observed one cytokine pattern similar to the cytokine release detected in a control MLC of HLA-identical siblings, which showed marginal or no secretion of IL-2, sIL-2R, IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, and IL-6. HLA-typing of these two nonreactive individuals elevated identical HLA-DRB1 and HLA-DQB1 regions, while they differed in the HLA-DP locus. This suggests that HLA-DP has no stimulatory influence on cytokine release. Further investigation of the stimulatory capacity of HLA-DR and DQ showed that HLA-DR is more effective in inducing IFN-gamma release than HLA-DQ. To evaluate the stimulatory influence of human Mls, i.e., human endogenous retroviruses (HERV), we analyzed HERV sequences of nonreactive individuals. Both individuals showed identical HERV patterns. A third individual, who had shown distinct cytokine release in MLC with both nonreactive individuals, differed in the HERV fragments. In conclusion, cytokine determination in MLC is a new method of evaluating the biological relevance of stimulatory antigens after allogeneic stimulation detecting all individual diversities in one experiment.
Theory of the Diffuse Double Layer

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The charge moment expansion for potentials of mean force acting between the ions of an electrolyte is reviewed in a form applicable to surface phases. An integral equation is in this manner derived for approximate determination of the average charge distribution near a planar electrode. The solution of the linearized equation is constructed for an electrolyte consisting of charged hard spheres suspended in a dielectric continuum. For very dilute solutions, the predictions of the linearized Poisson-Boltzmann equation are verified; at higher concentrations, the average space charge in the neighborhood of the electrode tends to alternate in sign as a result of local latticelike ion arrangement imposed effectively by short range ion repulsions. Predicted values of the ζ potential relative to those of the linear Poisson-Boltzmann theory are reported.
Iontophoresis: A Physical Approach to Transdermal Drug Delivery System

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

In the last three decades, many advances have been made in the field of drug delivery, with resulting enhancements in the safety, efficacy and convenience of treatment for the patient. Some of the more dramatic developments include technologies that allow for the noninvasive transdermal delivery of several drugs. This delivery is accomplished by Iontophoresis, a process by which an electrical current is used to drive charged particles across the skin and is acts as a one of the most promising physical skin penetration enhancing method. In Iontophoresis, the application of constant electrical current enhances the transdermal transport of a charged drug molecule due to electro-repulsion. The electric field imposes a force on the drug molecule, which adds to the pure passive diffusion or the concentration gradient. During Iontophoresis, the skin permeability also increases due to changes in the structure of the skin caused by current flow. This review briefly describes the advantages, limitations of Iontophoretic drug delivery system and summarizes the experimental design along with electodes used for iontophoretic drug delivery system. Present review also provides an insight on iontophoretic electrochemistry. Various parameters which affect the transdermal absorption of drugs through iontophoresis like electrical, physicochemical and operational have also been reviewed in detail.
Nursing considerations of physical activity in AF

Field: Nursing (Health Sciences)

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the commonest type of heart arrhythmia and is most frequently observed in older people who have associated risk factors such as hypertension, structural heart disease, pulmonary disease, hyperthyroidism, diabetes, obstructive sleep apnoea or stroke. Sympathetic hyperactivity is a main factor in the aggravation of arrhythmia. Physical activity can increase an individual's wellbeing and promoted cardiovascular health. However, several case-control studies have reported that endurance, high-intensity physical activity increases the risk of AF in young and middle-aged men. The evidence though is neither robust nor consistent. Both long-term vigorous physical activity and a lack of physical activity have been associated with an increased risk of developing AF. With regard to nursing considerations and providing individualised advice for patients with AF in terms of physical activity, arrhythmia nurses should use the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) and European Society of Cardiology (ESC) guidelines as their basis for recommendations. The ESC guidelines recommend patient-centred care and shared decision-making in managing AF. When giving advice regarding physical activity, it is important to consider its positive effects on preventing multiple medical conditions. Patients with AF should always be encouraged to engage in moderate levels of physical activity.
PKM Pembelajaran Aplikasi Canva di Madrasah Diniyyah Sirojussibyan

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Working and studying from home are demands that must be made at this time, since the Covid-19 pandemic due to the Corona virus. Schools were closed, teaching and learning activities were shifted online at home. Because of this demand, many teachers and parents are required to start adapting to remote teaching and learning activities, using technology. Bridging this, many applications are used for learning. Google provides a special website for teaching and learning activities for school students, in the Indonesian version. With this facility, anyone, including teachers, can create internal project hubs, team sites, publicly displayed sites, and more. Everything is done without the help of designers, programmers and IT. This training is for teachers who are still unclear (look confused) how to operate Canva to support distance learning between teachers and students to make it more interesting and fun.
Atal Pension Yojana: Effect of Inflation And Time Value of Money

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Economic Growth and Development of a nation is highly influenced by the financial well-being as well as improved standard of living of its citizens. To ensure a stable income for Indian Citizens after retirement, the Government of India has introduced Atal Pension Yojana in 2015-16 Budget. APY provides a defined guaranteed pension depending on the contributions made by the subscriber towards the scheme.APY could emerge as the mostpopular social security scheme under the NPS System. The present paperanalyzesthe amount of money an investor would receive from AtalPension Yojana after adjusting for the time value of money.The study also examines its benefits, contributions and the current trend among the public towards the scheme.The study uses secondary data. Our findings indicate that, as inflation will erode the value of pension amount over time, the pension under Atal Pension Yojana may be too small to cover the cost of living. The Government must index the subscriber contribution to inflation in order to prevent the pension fund of low-income consumers from depleting over time. If the design flaws of APY are addressed, even the most vulnerable will get benefited.
Lot-Sizing Decisions in Manufacturer-Retailer Inventory System under Carbon Emissions Reduction

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract This paper develops a mathematical model for supply chain inventory system of a manufacturer and a retailer under stochastic demand and carbon reduction policy. The objective of the model is to obtain the decisions regarding inventory management in supply chain system by minimizing the joint total cost. The model contributes to the current stochastic joint lot-sizing literature by allowing the investigation of the impact of carbon cap policy to inventory decisions. The carbon mainly emitted from several activities in the supply chain system, including the production, transportation and storage activities. The regulator, for example the government, uses a carbon cap policy to restrict the amount of emissions generated from the system. As we use strict carbon cap, the carbon emissions generated from the system must not exceed the carbon emission level set by regulator. A list of procedure is proposed to obtain the optimal solutions, which are ordering lot, safety factor, number of shipments and production rate. A numerical instance is provided to show the applicability of the model and to explore the impact of different levels of carbon cap on inventory decisions.
Data from Repositioning FDA-Approved Drugs in Combination with Epigenetic Drugs to Reprogram Colon Cancer Epigenome

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

<div>Abstract<p>Epigenetic drugs, such as DNA methylation inhibitors (DNMTi) or histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi), are approved in monotherapy for cancer treatment. These drugs reprogram gene expression profiles, reactivate tumor suppressor genes (TSG) producing cancer cell differentiation and apoptosis. Epigenetic drugs have been shown to synergize with other epigenetic drugs or various anticancer drugs. To discover new molecular entities that enhance epigenetic therapy, we performed a high-throughput screening using FDA-approved libraries in combination with DNMTi or HDACi. As a screening model, we used YB5 system, a human colon cancer cell line, which contains an epigenetically silenced <i>CMV-GFP</i> locus, mimicking TSG silencing in cancer. <i>CMV-GFP</i> reactivation is triggered by DNMTi or HDACi and responds synergistically to DNMTi/HDACi combination, which phenocopies TSG reactivation upon epigenetic therapy. GFP fluorescence was used as a quantitative readout for epigenetic activity. We discovered that 45 FDA-approved drugs (4% of all drugs tested) in our FDA-approved libraries enhanced DNMTi and HDACi activity, mainly belonging to anticancer and antiarrhythmic drug classes. Transcriptome analysis revealed that combination of decitabine (DNMTi) with the antiarrhythmic proscillaridin A produced profound gene expression reprogramming, which was associated with downregulation of 153 epigenetic regulators, including two known oncogenes in colon cancer (<i>SYMD3</i> and <i>KDM8</i>). Also, we identified about 85 FDA-approved drugs that antagonized DNMTi and HDACi activity through cytotoxic mechanisms, suggesting detrimental drug interactions for patients undergoing epigenetic therapy. Overall, our drug screening identified new combinations of epigenetic and FDA-approved drugs, which can be rapidly implemented into clinical trials. <i>Mol Cancer Ther; 16(2); 397–407. ©2016 AACR</i>.</p></div>
The vBow: a virtual violin bow controller for mapping gesture to synthesis with haptic feedback

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The vBow, a virtual violin bow musical controller, has been designed to provide the computer musician with most of the gestural freedom of a bow on a violin string. Four cable and servomotor systems allow for four degrees of freedom, including the lateral motion of a bow stroke across a string, the rotational motion of a bow crossing strings, the vertical motion of a bow approaching and pushing into a string, and the longitudinal motion of a bow travelling along the length of a string. Encoders, attached to the shaft of the servomotors, sense the gesture of the performer, through the rotation of the servomotor shafts, turned by the motion of the cables. The data from each encoder is mapped to a parameter in synthesis software of a bowed-string physical model. The software also sends control voltages to the servomotors, engaging them and the cables attached to them with a haptic feedback simulation of friction, vibration, detents and elasticity.
Divorce Reflected In Heather Tullis Novel Second Chances: Love In Juniper Ridge (2016): A BehavioristPerspective

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This research has aim to analyze main character’s behavior, Karissa, before and
after the divorce in Second Chances: Love in Juniper Ridge novel by Heather
Tullis. This research uses behaviorism approach. It is descriptive qualitative
research. The primary of this novel is the novel itself, Second Chances: Love in
Juniper Ridge by Heather Tullis. The secondary data are the previous studies that
related to the issue, articles, journals, and the others sources that related to this
research. Technique of collecting data is library research and technic of analyzing
data is analyzing document and content that is related to behaviorism theory by
B.F Skinner. In this research, the researcher draws some conclusions, namely: 1)
Karissa’s behavior changed after her divorce. Karissa becomes more positive than
before. 2) There are Respondent and Operant conditioning in Karissa’s behavior.
3) The change behavior of Karissa is influenced by the environment around her.
This novel shows that human behavior can change because of divorce and
influenced by the environment.
Exact Distribution of the Quantal Content in Synaptic Transmission

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

During electrochemical signal transmission through synapses, triggered by an action potential (AP), a stochastic number of synaptic vesicles (SVs), called the "quantal content," release neurotransmitters in the synaptic cleft. It is widely accepted that the quantal content probability distribution is a binomial based on the number of ready-release SVs in the presynaptic terminal. But the latter number itself fluctuates due to its stochastic replenishment, hence the actual distribution of quantal content is unknown. We show that exact distribution of quantal content can be derived for general stochastic AP inputs in the steady state. For fixed interval AP train, we prove that the distribution is a binomial, and corroborate our predictions by comparison with electrophysiological recordings from MNTB-LSO synapses of juvenile mice. For a Poisson train, we show that the distribution is nonbinomial. Moreover, we find exact moments of the quantal content in the Poisson and other general cases, which may be used to obtain the model parameters from experiments.