jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Joint Particle Swarm Optimization of Power and Phase Shift for IRS-Aided D2D Underlaying Cellular Systems

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Device-to-device (D2D) communication is a promising wireless communication technology which can effectively reduce the traffic load of the base station and improve the spectral efficiency. The application of intelligent reflective surfaces (IRS) in D2D communication systems can further improve the throughput, but the problem of interference suppression becomes more complex and challenging due to the introduction of new links. Therefore, how to perform effective and low-complexity optimal radio resource allocation is still a problem to be solved in IRS-assisted D2D communication systems. To this end, a low-complexity power and phase shift joint optimization algorithm based on particle swarm optimization is proposed in this paper. First, a multivariable joint optimization problem for the uplink cellular network with IRS-assisted D2D communication is established, where multiple DUEs are allowed to share a CUE’s sub-channel. However, the proposed problem considering the joint optimization of power and phase shift, with the objective of maximizing the system sum rate and the constraints of the minimum user signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR), is a non-convex non-linear model and is hard to solve. Different from the existing work, instead of decomposing this optimization problem into two sub-problems and optimizing the two variables separately, we jointly optimize them based on Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). Then, a fitness function with a penalty term is established, and a penalty value priority update scheme is designed for discrete phase shift optimization variables and continuous power optimization variables. Finally, the performance analysis and simulation results show that the proposed algorithm is close to the iterative algorithm in terms of sum rate, but lower in power consumption. In particular, when the number of D2D users is four, the power consumption is reduced by 20%. In addition, compared with PSO and distributed PSO, the sum rate of the proposed algorithm increases by about 10.2% and 38.3%, respectively, when the number of D2D users is four.
Understanding Craniofacial Blunt Force Injury: A Biomechanical Perspective

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

One of the most important tasks in forensic investigation of blunt force trauma is to determine accurately the nature and magnitude of the forces applied to the skin. The primary emphasis of research into blunt force trauma has focused on analysing the demographics rather than the mechanobiology of such injuries. Nevertheless, a large body of literature has accumulated on the biomechanics of skin. Here we review this evidence, together with the complex role of intrinsic factors such as age, sex and ethnicity on the wounding susceptibility of skin. We also review how the skin responds to blunt trauma, and try to relate this to the estimation of the force of impact. Finally, we review the current biomechanical models of blunt force trauma, and introduce our own model and its preliminary findings. Contrary to the impression gained from the literature, wounding can be modelled in a basic simulation of the contact events during blunt force impact, and the results be evaluated quantitatively. We conclude that subject-specific parameters could be calculated from a more sophisticated model in order to provide a more robust set of values that can be used to predict forces used in generating skin wounds.
The Prevalence of Olfactory and Gustatory Dysfunction in COVID‐19 Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To determine the pooled global prevalence of olfactory and gustatory dysfunction in patients with the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID‐19). Data Sources Literature searches of PubMed, Embase, and Scopus were conducted on April 19, 2020, to include articles written in English that reported the prevalence of olfactory or gustatory dysfunction in COVID‐19 patients. Review Methods Search strategies developed for each database contained keywords such as anosmia, dysgeusia , and COVID‐19 . Resulting articles were imported into a systematic review software and underwent screening. Data from articles that met inclusion criteria were extracted and analyzed. Meta‐analysis using pooled prevalence estimates in a random‐effects model were calculated. Results Ten studies were analyzed for olfactory dysfunction (n = 1627), demonstrating 52.73% (95% CI, 29.64%‐75.23%) prevalence among patients with COVID‐19. Nine studies were analyzed for gustatory dysfunction (n = 1390), demonstrating 43.93% (95% CI, 20.46%‐68.95%) prevalence. Subgroup analyses were conducted for studies evaluating olfactory dysfunction using nonvalidated and validated instruments and demonstrated 36.64% (95% CI, 18.31%‐57.24%) and 86.60% (95% CI, 72.95%‐95.95%) prevalence, respectively. Conclusions Olfactory and gustatory dysfunction are common symptoms in patients with COVID‐19 and may represent early symptoms in the clinical course of infection. Increased awareness of this fact may encourage earlier diagnosis and treatment, as well as heighten vigilance for viral transmission. To our knowledge, this is the first meta‐analysis to report on the prevalence of these symptoms in COVID‐19 patients.
Papilio timantes Linnaeus, 1758, spec. nov.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Papilio timantes [spec. nov.] P. P. alis integerrimis fusco caerulescentibus, subtus fasciis fuscis ocellisque. M. L. U. Habitat in Indiis. Ocellus viridi-flavus sub apice primorum; ocelli aliquot ad marginem posticarum, ctiam subtus.
Synthesis of Oligodeoxynucleotides Containing the C-Nucleoside and 2′- Deoxy-2′-Fluoro-ara-Nucleoside Moieties by the H-Phosphonate Method.1,2

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract A module type, computer-controlled, multipurpose synthesizer displaying a novel device for the transport of liquids, was constructed and used in the synthesis of oligomers containing some C-nucleosides and 2′-deoxy-2′-fluoro-ara-nucleoside moieties. H-Phosphonate method was applied in terms of a further adjustment of construction features of the synthesizer versus chemistry of the process. Results of preliminary studies on the effects of the modified nucleosides on the stability of duplexes showed a clear tendency of destabilization of duplexes in the case of C-nucleosides while fluorinated nucleosides in most cases stabilize the formed duplexes.
Isolated X-Linked Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Caused by a Novel Mutation of the Four-and-a-Half LIM Domain 1 Gene

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background— Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with severe left ventricular diastolic dysfunction has been associated with marked exercise intolerance and poor prognosis. However, molecular pathogenesis of this phenotype remains unexplained in a large proportion of cases. Methods and Results— We performed whole exome sequencing as an initial genetic test in a large Czech family with 3 males affected by nonobstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with severe left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in end-stage disease. A novel frameshift mutation of four-and-a-half LIM domain 1 gene ( FHL1 ) (c.599_600insT; p.F200fs32X) was detected in these individuals. The mutation does not affect transcription, splicing, and stability of FHL1 mRNA and results in production of truncated FHL1 protein, which is contrary to heart tissue homogenate not detectable in frozen tissue sections of myocardial biopsy of affected males. The identified mutation cosegregated also with abnormal ECG and with 1 case of apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in heterozygous females. Although skeletal muscle involvement is a common finding in FHL1-related diseases, we could exclude myopathy in all mutation carriers. Conclusions— We identified a novel FHL1 mutation causing isolated hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with X-chromosomal inheritance.
Influence of Nonlinear Intensity Attenuation in Bright-Field TEM Images on Tomographic Reconstructions of Micron-Scaled Materials

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Journal Article Influence of Nonlinear Intensity Attenuation in Bright-Field TEM Images on Tomographic Reconstructions of Micron-Scaled Materials Get access Jun Yamasaki, Jun Yamasaki Research Center for Ultra-High Voltage Electron Microscopy, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Michihiro Mutoh, Michihiro Mutoh EcoTopia Science Institute, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Shigemasa Ohta, Shigemasa Ohta JEOL Ltd., Akishima, Tokyo, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Shuichi Yuasa, Shuichi Yuasa JEOL Ltd., Akishima, Tokyo, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Shigeo Arai, Shigeo Arai EcoTopia Science Institute, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Katsuhiro Sasaki, Katsuhiro Sasaki Department of Quantum Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Nobuo Tanaka Nobuo Tanaka EcoTopia Science Institute, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Microscopy and Microanalysis, Volume 21, Issue S3, 1 August 2015, Pages 993–994, https://doi.org/10.1017/S1431927615005760 Published: 23 September 2015
Study on the hotspots of urban tourism spaces based on Instagram-Worthy locations data: Taking Beijing as an example

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

As the mobile Internet emerges, numerous Instagram-worthy locations gradually constitute new spaces of urban tourism. For instance, the Xiaohongshu application, a community with shared content, has increasingly become a platform for people to share well-known tourist attractions, providing a new perspective for the study of the popularity of tourism spaces. On the basis of data of ticking off Instagram-worthy locations from the Xiaohongshu application, the present study aims to identify tourism hotspots in Beijing, analyze their spatial characteristics, and explore their evolution features from two dimensions of time and space. In addition, the emotional images of tourism hotspots in Beijing are interpreted by semantic analysis with an internal mechanism that influences those locations explored. The results of the study show that (1) the overall spatial structure of tourism hotspots in Beijing is C-shaped, which expands from the core area to the periphery with the feature of a circle layer. (2) under the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic, the spatial distribution center of tourism hotspots in Beijing is gradually shifting to the Southeast with the tendency of expanding to the surrounding suburbs. (3) the reception and serviceability of the tourist attractions have a significant influence on the popularity of tourism hotspots. To date, less research has been focused on the data of ticking off emerging Instagram-worthy locations like the Xiaohongshu application, and there is a dearth of the study related to in-depth excavation of the internal influencing mechanism of their popularity. This paper, therefore, under the interaction of virtual and reality, provides new ideas and methods for studying the popularity of urban tourist attractions.
Evaluating the Impact of CO2 Capture on the Operation of Combined Cycles with Different Configurations

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

In order to reduce greenhouse gas emissions associated with power generation, the replacement of fossil fuels with renewables must be accompanied by the availability of dispatchable sources needed to balance electricity demand and production. Combined cycle (CC) power plants adopting post-combustion capture (PCC) can serve this purpose, ensuring near-zero CO2 emissions at the stack, as well as high efficiency and load flexibility. In particular, the chemical absorption process is the most established approach for industrial-scale applications, although widespread implementation is lacking. In this study, different natural gas combined cycle (NGCC) configurations were modeled to estimate the burden of retrofitting the capture process to existing power plants on thermodynamic performance. Simulations under steady-state conditions covered the widest possible load range, depending on the gas turbine (GT) model. Attention was paid to the net power loss and net efficiency penalty attributable to PCC. The former can be mitigated by lowering the GT air–fuel ratio to increase the CO2 concentration (XCO2) in the exhaust, thus decreasing the regeneration energy. The latter is reduced when the topping cycle is more efficient than the bottoming cycle for a given GT load. This is likely to be the case in the less-complex heat recovery units.
Cancer survivors' cancellations of healthcare appointments during the COVID‐19 pandemic: Associations with anxiety and depression

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Objective Though it is well‐documented that cancer survivors experienced healthcare delays during the COVID‐19 pandemic, who initiated those delays has not been examined. This longitudinal study distinguishes rates of patient‐from provider‐cancelled healthcare appointments at three timepoints during the pandemic, and examines psychosocial factors associated with patient‐cancelled appointments. Methods Cancer survivors ( N = 147) in the United States completed psychosocial and health behavior measures three times between May and December 2020. We examined rates of patient‐ and provider‐cancelled healthcare appointments, including cancer screening appointments, at each timepoint and change between timepoints. Logistic regression was used to determine if anxiety symptoms, depression symptoms, and COVID‐19 fears were associated with self‐cancelled healthcare appointments. Results In May 2020, one third (33.79%) of participants reported one or more self‐cancelled appointments within the prior 2 months and nearly half (45.89%) reported one or more provider‐cancelled appointments. Rates of provider‐cancelled appointments decreased to 35.71% in June/July 2020 and to 9.24% in November/December 2020 (both reflected p < 0.05 reductions compared to the previous timepoint). Rates of self‐cancelled appointments, however, remained more stable ( p s > 0.144). In June/July and November/December 2020, higher depression and anxiety symptoms, but not COVID‐19 fears, were associated with greater likelihood of self‐cancelled appointments. Conclusions Cancer survivors cancelled their healthcare appointments at a stable rate even as provider‐cancelled appointments declined. Depression and anxiety symptoms, but not COVID‐19 concerns, were associated with patient cancellations. Interventions that address anxiety and depression symptoms may help to promote adherence to cancer survivorship care during the pandemic.
Autophagy regulates proliferation and biliary differentiation of hepatic oval cells via the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Hepatic oval cells (HOCs) are thought to possess self‑renewal ability and a bipotential capacity for differentiation, which allows them to differentiate into hepatocytes and cholangiocytes. Autophagy serves an important role in self‑renewal and differentiation of stem cells; however, how autophagy contributes to proliferation and differentiation of hepatic progenitor cells has yet to be elucidated. In the present study, autophagy was regulated by rapamycin (Rapa) and chloroquine (Chlo) administration. The results demonstrated that Chlo‑treated HOCs exhibited decreased autophagic activity alongside a decreased tendency to proliferate, as determined by Cell Counting Kit‑8. In addition, activation of autophagy by Rapa enhanced the biliary differentiation of HOCs. Furthermore, increased phosphorylated (p)‑extracellular signal‑regulated kinase (ERK)/p‑p38 expression was observed following the induction of autophagy, thus indicating that the mitogen‑activated protein kinase (MAPK)/ERK signaling pathway was activated by autophagy to exert effects on the stimulation of HOC proliferation and differentiation. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that autophagy regulates proliferation and biliary differentiation of HOCs via the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway. These results suggest a role for autophagy in stimulating the proliferation and differentiation of HOCs.
Neuronal Stability, Volumetric Changes, and Decrease in GFAP Expression of Marmoset ( Callithrix jacchus ) Subcortical Visual Nuclei During Aging

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT The physiological aging process is well known for functional decline in visual abilities. Among the components of the visual system, the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (DLG) and superior colliculus (SC) provide a good model for aging investigations, as these structures constitute the main visual pathways for retinal inputs reaching the visual cortex. However, there are limited data available on quantitative morphological and neurochemical aspects in DLG and SC across lifespan. Here, we used optical density to determine immunoexpression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and design‐based stereological probes to estimate the neuronal number, total volume, and layer volume of the DLG and SC in marmosets ( Callithrix jacchus ), ranging from 36 to 143 months of age. Our results revealed an age‐related increase in total volume and layer volume of the DLG, with an overall stability in SC volume. Furthermore, a stable neuronal number was demonstrated in DLG and superficial layers of SC (SCv). A decrease in GFAP immunoexpression was observed in both visual centers. The results indicate region‐specific variability in volumetric parameter, possibly attributed to structural plastic events in response to inflammation and compensatory mechanisms at the cellular and subcellular level. Additionally, the DLG and SCv seem to be less vulnerable to aging effects in terms of neuronal number. The neuropeptidergic data suggest that reduced GFAP expression may reflect morphological atrophy in the astroglial cells. This study contributes to updating the current understanding of aging effects in the visual system and stablishes a crucial foundation for future research on visual perception throughout the aging process.
Incorporating oral-systemic evidence into patient care: practice behaviors and barriers of North Carolina dental hygienists

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The purpose of this survey research was to determine what practice behaviors are prevalent among North Carolina (NC) Dental Hygienists (DH) regarding the incorporation of oral-systemic evidence into practice as well as perceived barriers to implementation. A questionnaire was developed to survey 859 dental hygienists responding to mailed invitation to participate. Survey data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Chi-square analysis. Fifty percent of DH are extremely likely to refer patients to a medical provider for follow up assessments. Conditions DH are likely to discuss with patients include tobacco use (89%), pregnancy (84%), and genetics (79%). Significant barriers to implementing oral-systemic evidence include lack of time (52%), concern over legal risks (44%), and lack of education (27%). The findings indicate that NC DH are implementing some aspects of oral-systemic evidence into practice but could take a more active role if they had more allotted time, education and training.
Prevalence and Characterization of Multi‐Resistant Staphylococcus SPP. Isolated from Poultry Liver

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Abstract The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and to characterize multi‐resistant Staphylococcus spp. in raw poultry liver intended for human consumption. Staphylococcus was isolated from 116 of 120 raw liver samples (96.7%; CI 95% ± 3.2). One hundred and thirty‐six isolates (73.1% CI 95% ±7.93) were resistant to at least one antimicrobial while 30 isolates (25.9% CI 95% ±7.97) were resistant to at least three antimicrobial agents. Nine species of staphylococci were identified among the multi‐resistant isolates. Ten out of 30 multi‐resistant isolates were resistant to methicillin, including four MRSA strains. The most common multi‐resistance combination was toward tetracycline, ciprofloxacin and macrolides/lincosamides. All Staphylococcus isolates from poultry liver remain susceptible to vancomycin, linezolid, daptomycin, rifampin, sulfamethoxazole‐trimethoprim and streptogramins. The most prevalent genes encoding resistance were tet K, tet M (tetracyclines), bla Z, mec A (beta‐lactams), erm B, erm C, msr A (macrolides and lincosamides) and aac(6′)‐Ie‐aph(2″)‐Ia (aminoglycosides) . Practical Applications Staphylococcus spp. frequently contaminates raw poultry liver sold in retail markets. Multi‐resistant staphylococci are potential hazard for consumers as they often are resistant to critically important antimicrobials for humans including beta‐lactams (cefalosporins and penicillinase resistant penicillins), macrolides and fluoroquinolones. Hygienic measures in raw food‐production should be strongly enforced. Personal hygiene during marketing is also very important since multi‐resistant bacteria could easily spread among salespersons and consumers. More stringent requirements for sanitary standards in retail markets need to be set, and the existing requirements should be more strongly enforced on a daily basis.
A Paradox of Virtual Teams and Change

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

During a longitudinal participant observation study of a virtual software development team, a strange paradox was noted. A new software development methodology was introduced to the project and the developers were initially committed to its use. Over time, the commitment gradually decreased to the stage where aspects of the new methodology were practically ignored. As the team was a virtual team, with group members rarely congregating as a whole for any length of time, it was hard to explain why this diminishing of commitment occurred. The remoteness and part-time participation of group members meant that the team deciding themselves to ignore aspects of the methodology was not a likely possibility. A review of existing research suggested that the concepts behind the diffusion of innovations (specifically software process innovations) may have a bearing. Although pertinent to the area of introducing new software development methodologies, diffusion theories did not provide a complete explanation for the decrease in commitment that was observed. The theory of competing commitments was applied, and it was discovered that one cause of the decreased commitment among team members was groupthink. Groupthink should not be a problem with virtual teams as there should be less cohesion—the lack of contact between members dictating the low level of cohesion. Further analysis showed that traditional peer groupthink was not the issue, but hierarchical groupthink influenced by the project manager had a large influence. These findings are in contrast to most expectations regarding virtual teams, including the project management of virtual teams.