jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Digital Correlation Microwave Polarimetry: Analysis and Demonstration

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The design, analysis, and demonstration of a digital-correlation microwave polarimeter for use in earth remote sensing is presented. We begin with an analysis of three-level digital correlation and develop the correlator transfer function and radiometric sensitivity. A fifth-order polynomial regression is derived for inverting the digital correlation coefficient into the analog statistic. In addition, the effects of quantizer threshold asymmetry and hysteresis are discussed. A two-look unpolarized calibration scheme is developed for identifying correlation offsets. The developed theory and calibration method are verified using a 10.7 GHz and a 37.0 GHz polarimeter. The polarimeters are based upon 1-GS/s three-level digital correlators and measure the first three Stokes parameters. Through experiment, the radiometric sensitivity is shown to approach the theoretical as derived earlier in the paper and the two-look unpolarized calibration method is successfully compared with results using a polarimetric scheme. Finally, sample data from an aircraft experiment demonstrates that the polarimeter is highly-useful for ocean wind-vector measurement.
Complete Spontaneous Left Heart and Aortic Thromboses on Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Support

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Mini‐Abstract There is an increasing prevalence of mechanical assist device use in patients with end‐stage heart failure. With a growing number of intra‐ and postoperative cardiac thrombotic events in the setting of mechanical assist devices, recognition of this entity is becoming increasingly salient to the clinical management of this population. The case presented herein is notable for multiple reasons: (1) the thrombus demonstrated involves the entire left atrium, left ventricle, and proximal ascending aorta; (2) thrombosis did not occur in the setting of previously described triggers, including fresh frozen plasma, protamine, or intrinsic hypercoagulable state; and finally, (3) thrombosis occurred with therapeutic heparin levels.
Ionic Liquids as Solvents for Separation of Biobutanol

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Due to excessive energy devastation caused by the depletion of natural petroleum fuel stock, worldwide fossil fuel reserves, consumption of fossils fuels in automobiles, greenhouse effect, global warming, and their adverse environmental impacts. Biobutanol is one of the most recent types of potential, economical biofuel, which seems to be a promising future because of its superior properties such as high heat value, low volatility, high viscosity, high hydrophobicity, and less corrosion. It has an intrinsic benefit over other fermentation resulting fuels, including ethanol. Biobutanol is produced via an acetone−butanol−ethanol (ABE) fermentation process using solventogenic bacteria Clostridium acetobutylicum. However, the fermentative approach of producing butanol has limitations and major problems. It inhibits microbial activity (normally >10 g/L) and affects its production. To extract this butanol from the fermentation broth, there are various separation methods such as gas stripping, adsorption, liquid-liquid extraction, pervaporation, and membrane solvent extraction by volatile and toxic conventional solvents. To overcome these problems and challenges, Ionic liquids can be used as a novel extractant and could be a prospective solution to replace this conventional volatile and toxic solvent. In this chapter, the separation of butanol from aqueous media using typical hydrophobic ionic liquids has been studied by liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) to enhance butanol production. Nowadays, more research interest is shown in emphasising these ionic liquids as designer green solvents, nonvolatile, and environment-friendly for separation because of their physicochemical properties. Recovery of this prospective biobutanol by ionic liquids could be utilised in gasoline-driven combustion systems due to excellent or better mixing of blending properties with the gasoline and diesel fuels. It would be a better future-promising fuel to ethanol and gasoline for large-scale applications. Thus, after investigating the above-discussed aspects, butanol would be the significant potential renewable biofuel for commercialisation using ionic liquids as an emerging extractant.
Correction of a mandibular asymmetry after fibula reconstruction using a custom-made polyetheretherketone (PEEK) onlay after implant supported occlusal rehabilitation.

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

This study describes an unusual case of mandibular asymmetry after fibula free flap reconstruction in a young man following major facial trauma that was corrected using a custom-made polyetheretherketone prosthesis. There is little information in the literature on the use of alloplasts to correct mandibular asymmetry as interest in 'aesthetic re-modelling' has traditionally focused on nasal, zygomatic and chin regions. This report demonstrates that this technique can be used successfully to address selected cases of mandibular asymmetry.
Spatial Distribution of 100,477 Thousand Deaths Per COVID-19 in Brazil

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The COVID-19 reached the pandemic level and in Brazil has already caused 100,477 deaths. This study is a Short Communication about the spatial distribution of deaths by COVID-19 in Brazil, from data from the Coronavirus Brasil platform. It was shown that Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Ceará, Pará, and Amazonas present the greatest lethality in Brazil, especially in the metropolitan regions. The distribution of deaths shows that it has already reached all regions of Brazil, with greater impact in some states. It was also possible, from the epidemiological bulletins, to identify that the deaths stand out in men above 60 years of age, with comorbidities such as heart diseases and diabetes.
INTERNUCLEAR GENETIC TRANSFER IN VEGETATIVE DIKARYONS OF SCHIZOPHYLLUM COMMUNE: I. DI-MON MATING ANALYSIS

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT A series of hemi-compatible dikaryon × monokaryon (di-mon) matings was designed to determine whether there was any genetic interaction between the dikaryotic nuclei. One of the nuclei in each dikaryon was known to carry a recessive gene (mnd) that promoted the development of an abnormal growth form, mound. Dikaryons containing both m n d f and innd nuclei produced mosaic colonies that consisted of three distinct kinds of hyphae: mound, fruiting body, and vegetative (devoid of any multihyphal structure). When dikaryotic hyphae from each of these morphological regions were used in di-mon matings, the genetic and developmental characteristics of the selected nuclear types were examined in the resulting derived dikaryons. The results showed that fruiting-body and vegetative cells contained the expected mnd and mnd+ nuclei. Dikaryotic mound hyphae, however, contained only mnd nuclei. In a manner as yet unresolved, but clearly dependent on the presence of the mnd allele, the mnd+ allele of a wild nucleus was altered to, or acquired, the mnd allele. A number of hypotheses were considered to explain the genetic event(s) that generates [mnd + mnd*] dikaryotic cells from [mnd+ + mnd] cells, but none was found to be entirely satisfactory.
MOESM2 of Whole genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of human metapneumovirus strains from Kenya and Zambia

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Additional file 2: Figure S2. Average pairwise identity over all pairs in an alignment for every position of the predicted SH glycoprotein amino acid sequences, for HMPV groups A (A) and B (B). The dataset analyzed here included all available genomes (Kenya and Zambia (n = 5) plus 138 from other locations globally). Black bars indicate > 50% (> 0.5) average amino acid identity and red bars indicate
Modular Workbench for In-Situ and Remote Laboratories

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This communication describes a learning platform which is being developed at the Technical University of Catalonia (UPC) in Barcelona, Spain. The goal was to solve the trade-off between the need for performing real laboratory practices in engineering education and the emergent implantation of distance learning in our curricula. Most of our courses in electronic engineering have 50% of the load devoted to laboratory work. The semi-distance EE degree allows the students to carry out at home the theory and problems study but keeps the in-situ laboratories. We developed a previous remote laboratory, based on a VXT system, an experiments board and a Web-server that is working since 2002 but which cannot serve simultaneous users and which is difficult to expand and maintain. The workbench we propose intends to preserve the experimental work but allowing the students to perform a variable number of laboratory activities remotely, using the same platform than the in-situ laboratories. This approach preserves not only the feeling of reality but the knowledge of the experimental set-up features. The subject of the experience is the sensors and signal conditioning laboratory. The solution is based on a modular set of electronic boards. Two kind of base or mother boards allow the connection of several daughterboards which implement the different experiments. One of the motherboards is only intended for in-situ experiments but the other includes an Ethernet capable microcontroller and A/D and D/A converters which allow the realisation of both in-situ and remote laboratory activities over the same set-up. The microcontroller firmware is based on a command parser that accepts SCPI strings. The board is controlled through LabView drivers which use the TCP/IP sockets and the specific applications can be controlled using remote panels in LabView 7.1 both in-situ and remotely. Access control, register and scheduling will be performed using the UPC virtual campus Atenea, which is implemented using Moodle (modular object oriented distance learning environment).
Impairment and recovery in inhibitory control after traumatic brain injury in children: effect of age at injury, injury severity and lesion location.

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

We examined the effect of traumatic brain injury (TBI) on inhibitory control, trajectories of recovery of inhibitory control, and the effect of age at injury, severity, and lesion location on recovery. Participants were 127 children with TBI aged 5-16 years and 117 controls of similar age. Latency of response inhibition was measured with the stop signal task within 1 month of the injury and again at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months. Performance of children with TBI was compared with that of controls. Growth curve analyses showed impairments in response inhibition postinjury. Compared with controls, TBI children improved over time in response inhibition. Younger TBI children recovered better on response inhibition than older TBI children. No significant effect of severity or right frontal lesion on recovery of response inhibition was found. TBI has an acute effect on inhibitory control but which recovers over time.
The Effectiveness of Six Hats Strategy in Developing female ninth Graders in deep understanding Skills in The Islamic Education Subject in Gaza and their attitudes towards it

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

هدف الدراسة: تقصي فاعلية استراتيجية القبعات الست في تنمية مهارات الفهم العميق لدى طالبات الصف التاسع الأساسي في مادة التربية الإسلامية واتجاهاتهن نحوها. أداة الدراسة: تمثلت في بناء اختبار مهارات الفهم العميق, ومقياس اتجاه نحو مادة التربية الإسلامية, دليل معلم لتنمية مهارات الفهم العميق من خلال استخدام استراتيجية القبعات الست. عينة الدراسة: تكونت من (60) طالبة من الصف التاسع الأساسي في مدرسة القرارة الاعدادية المشتركة, وزعت على مجموعتين متكافئتين تجريبية(30) طالبة, وضابطة (30) طالبة. منهج الدراسة: اعتمدت الدراسة المنهج التجريبي والمنهج الوصفي. أهم نتائج الدراسة: وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية عند مستوى (0.05) بين متوسط درجات طالبات المجموعة التجريبية ومتوسط درجات أقرانهن في المجموعة الضابطة في التطبيق البعدي لاختبار مهارات الفهم العميق في مادة التربية الإسلامية لصالح المجموعة التجريبية. وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية عند مستوى (0.05) بين متوسط درجات طالبات المجموعة التجريبية ومتوسط درجات أقرانهن في المجموعة الضابطة في التطبيق البعدي لمقياس الاتجاه نحو مادة التربية الإسلامية لصالح المجموعة التجريبية. 3. اتصفت استراتيجية القبعات الست بفاعلية كبيرة في مهارتي الطلاقة الفكرية والتنبؤ، بينما لم تكن فاعلة في مهارتي التفسير واتخاذ القرار والدرجة الكلية للاختبار، في حين اتصفت بفاعلية كبيرة في تنمية اتجاهات الطالبات نحو مادة التربية الإسلامية في كافة المحاور والدرجة الكلية للمقياس. أهم توصيات الدراسة: توظيف استراتيجية القبعات الست في تدريس التربية الإسلامية لتنمية مهارات التفكير لدى الطلبة, والاستفادة من مواد الدراسة الحالية؛ لجعل التعلم مشوقا وأقرب إلى الواقع. ضرورة تبني القائمين على التعليم في وزارة التربية والتعليم ووكالة الغوث لاستراتيجية القبعات الست لفاعليتها في تنمية التفكير وتحسين اتجاه الطلبة نحو عملية التعلم. ضرورة اهتمام المشرفين التربويين بتحسين بيئات التعلم النفسية للطلبة من خلال حث المعلمين على توفير فضاءات تعليمية تعلمية إيجابية للمتعلمين تزيد من تفاعلهم ومشاركتهم بما يسمح بتوظيف استراتيجيات تعليم حديثة تعمل على تنمية التفكير كالقبعات الست. كلمات مفتاحية: استراتيجية القبعات الست – مهارات الفهم العميق.
The Role of ET-1 in Early Cerebral Microcirculation Changes after Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), especially aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage, is a serious cerebrovascular disease with high mortality and morbidity. However, there is no effective treatment in clinics. In recent years, more and more studies have shown that early brain injury (EBI) may be an important reason for poor prognosis of SAH. Explore the mechanism of early brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). In this study, 20 male New Zealand white rabbits were selected and divided into the experimental group and sham operation group, with 10 rabbits in each group. The neurobehavioral scores, food intake, and cerebral perfusion parameters, cerebral blood volume (CBV), cerebral blood flow velocity (CBF), ET-1, IL-1, and IL-6, in rabbit plasma were compared. The food intake scores and neurological dysfunction scores of the experimental group at 1 h, 6 h, 24 h, and 72 h after modeling were higher than those of the sham operation group, which had a statistical significance ( P < 0.05 ). The dysfunction scores all showed a gradual decrease; the CBV and CBF values of the experimental group at 1 h, 6 h, 24 h, and 72 h after modeling were all lower than those of the sham operation group, which had a statistical significance ( P < 0.05 ), and the MTT values were all higher than that of the sham operation group, which had a statistical significance ( P < 0.05 ). The TTP values of rats in the experimental group were higher than those in the sham operation group at 6 h, 24 h, and 72 h after modeling ( P < 0.05 ), the experimental group was in the modeling. The levels of serum ET-1, IL-1, and IL-6 at 1 h, 6 h, 24 h, and 72 h were higher than those in the sham operation group, which had a statistical significance ( P < 0.05 ). New Zealand white rabbits can have brain perfusion volume disorder, inflammatory reaction, and cerebral vasospasm in the early stage after SAH, and brain injury can appear in the early stage.
[Evaluation of a fully automated microbiology system, RAISUS to determine antimicrobial susceptibility for the isolates of Haemophilus influenzae].

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

A fully automated microbiology system, RAISUS (Nissui Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., Tokyo) was evaluated to determine antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates of Haemophilus influenzae. The test procedures were fully automated from the inoculation of the test organism through the reading of growth-endpoint on the test plates. Also, Haemophilus Test Medium (HTM) broth supplemented with oxidation-reduction color dye, Redox, assures us of enough bacterial growth and of accurate interpretation of bacterial growth. In the evaluation, the RAISUS provided 99.2% (1,012 of 1,020 testings) agreement in MIC determinations, and 96.4% (983 of 1,020 testings) agreement in category interpretations when compared to the results obtained by the NCCLS M7-A6 and M100-S14 standards. Also, ampicillin (ABPC)-resistance in H. influenzae was characterized by the RAISUS through the addition of clavulanic acid (CVA) into the test broth. Sixteen beta-lactamase-positive isolates resulted in conversion to susceptible interpretation by addition of CVA, whereas the remaining 11 isolates did not. These unaffected isolates were presumptively identified as being beta-lactamase positive, ABPC/CVA-resistant (BLPACR). Of fifty-four beta-lactamase-negative isolates, twelve were regarded as being beta-lactamase negative, ampicillin-resistant (BLNAR) due to 4 microg/ml or greater MICs against ABPC and unaffected MICs by CVA. With the results obtained, it is concluded that the RAISUS can provide comparable determinations for the isolates of H. influenzae, in both MIC determinations and category interpretations, to the NCCLS standards, and is applicable to the routine testing in clinical laboratories.
Modeling and analysis of schottky diode bridge and JFET based liénard oscillator circuit

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Liénard Oscillator circuit has numerous variations. Nowadays, due to the developments of semiconductor technology, such an oscillator can be made using various semiconductor circuit elements. In this study, it has been shown that a Liénard Oscillator can also be made using a Schottky diode bridge and a JFET based nonlinear resistor. First, the new Liénard Oscillator topology is given, then, the dynamic model of the circuit is derived, and the simulations of the circuit are made. The currents, voltages and limit cycle of the Liénard Oscillator circuit are obtained with simulations using LTspice circuit analysis program. The simulations have confirmed that the circuit operates as a Liénard Oscillator.
The Importance of Health Education and Environmental Hygiene Practices in Overcoming Children Diarrhea: What Does Healthcare Professionals Need to Know?

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Health services are essential in improving the quality of children's health during the growth period, where the child always interacts with the environment so that there is exposure to either virus or bacterial diseases that can cause diarrhea.Meanwhile, health problems in the child are indeed not separate from the lack of food and not the cleanliness of the environmental hygiene of children's residence.The purpose of this study is to explain the importance of the role of professional health officers in addressing the health of children suffering from diarrhea due to food contamination and lack of parental supervision in providing adequate nutritional intake in children during the period of growth.The research methodology used a quantitative method with non-probability sampling techniques; the goal is to find out the role of the professional health workforce in addressing the problem of diarrhea hazards occurring in children.The Result of the study shows that 42.7% of respondents with diarrhea are accompanied by dehydration; this is due to the parents' cannot control the cleanliness of food and nutrition.Hence, the occurrence of diarrhea in children due to the gross environmental sanitation factor.By the finding of this study, to reduce the prevalence of diarrhea in children who are found in rural areas, parents' participation and professional health care professionals are needed by all communities in addressing the problems of stomach disorders in children causing diarrhea to inhibit the growth of children's health.
A structural approach of udder health improvement via private practitioners: ups and downs.

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

An increasing average Bulk Milk Somatic Cell Count (BMSCC) in the years 2000-2004 in the Netherlands led to a five year project on udder health. The dairy industry and the farmers organizations, together with the Dutch Dairy Board decided to design a program to improve udder health. The program is executed by the UGCN (Dutch Udder Health Centre). UGCN activities are paid by farmers, through Dairy Board payments. The project has to pay itself back to the farmers through a (quantified) improved udder health (van der Zwaag et al., 2005). In 2004 the Animal Health Service in Deventer was asked to compose a five year udder health program, based on the idea that a better udder health leads to less economic losses and more satisfaction for both, producers and dairy industry and increases animal welfare. In 2005 UGCN was founded to execute the five year program. Approximately half of the UGCN work is research; the other half consists of implementation of knowledge in the daily practice of dairy farmers. Thus, the Dutch udder health program stands somewhere between a pure implementation program such as the Australian project (www.countdown.org.au) and more research oriented programs such as the Canadian Bovine Mastitis Research Network (Scholl et al., 2005). To realize the goals set, research and practice have to be integrated. Therefore, research activities are directed versus implementation because, directly or indirectly, dairy farmers have to profit from the results. Based on a baseline survey the private practitioner was chosen as the axis of the implementation part of the udder health program (Kuiper et al., 2005). This paper describes the experiences and results of 10 private practices during the first year of the program, tries to give insight in the background of farmers’ behaviour in relation to udder health, and discusses the approach of the project in the forthcoming years.
S100 proteins and prostate cancer

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The S100 proteins are a multi-gene calcium-binding family, which are differently expressed in a variety of tumors. It is found to be associated with tumor invasion and metastasis. As a tumor-associated biomarkers, unraveling the relationship between S100 and prostate cancer progression as well as molecular mechanisms, would provide an important basis for the clinical diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring.

Key words:
S100 proteins; Calcium-binding proteins; Prostatic neoplasms
Molecular identification of Bactrocera passiflorae (Diptera: Tephritidae): challenge and solution for DNA barcoding

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Fruit flies cause significant damage to crop and fruit production worldwide. Therefore it is essential to identify these organisms to species level, however, immature stages are often impossible to be identified morphologically, thus the application of DNA barcoding has greatly assisted in species identification. Nuclear, mitochondrial pseudo-COI (NUMT) can be co-amplified with mitochondrial DNA when using generic primers and therefore impair the efficacy of DNA barcoding. This study detected two types of NUMTs from B. passiflorae, one of them is novel. Therefore the new finding will assist future species identification by avoiding misidentification using ambiguous NUMT sequences. In addition, this study have developed primers to target the COI gene of B. passiflorae, not the NUMT copies. The newly designed primers have demonstrated its efficiency in amplifying the Mt-COI of B. passiflorae and can be used in routine diagnostics.
New zirconium fluoride complexes (NH4)6MZr4F23 (M = K, Rb, and Cs): Synthesis and physicochemical properties

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Ammonium-containing zirconium fluoride complexes of the formula (NH4)6MZr4F23 (M = K, Rb, and Cs) were obtained and studied. The complexes crystallize in the orthorhombic system. Their unit cell parameters were determined. The IR absorption spectra of the complexes in the 350–4000 cm−1 range were recorded and examined.