jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Maternal diet vs lack of exposure to sunlight as the cause of the epidemic of asthma, allergies and other autoimmune diseases

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Role of vitamin D deficiency in allergic and autoimmune diseases

Asthma is occurring in epidemic proportions with more than 300 million affected subjects worldwide. In almost all cases the disease has its onset in early childhood, with 80–90% of all cases initially being diagnosed before the age of 6 years.1,2

It was not always so. In the early 1970s the prevalences of asthma and allergy were roughly half of what they are today, and although the onset of the asthma epidemic started insidiously and cannot be precisely documented, it has several interesting and important features that have defied a unified explanation until now. There is clearly a North/South equatorial gradient with Western industrialised countries furthest away from the equator (New Zealand, Australia, the UK) having the highest prevalence worldwide. There is also a clear urban/rural gradient among poorer Third World countries, and a First (industrialised) World/Third World gradient with the lowest asthma prevalence occurring in rural areas in Third World societies. A very important feature of the epidemic is that it is not only asthma that has increased. A host of other autoimmune diseases—such as multiple sclerosis, type 1 diabetes and Crohn’s disease—have all increased dramatically as well.3 So it is not just Th2 diseases like asthma, allergic rhinitis, eczema and food allergy that have increased, but also Th1 autoimmune diseases. Less directly connected to the epidemic is the seasonal gradient in incidence with a peak in the late winter/early spring. Finally, in the USA the asthma epidemic seems worse among the urban poor, particularly among minorities (African-Americans and Puerto Ricans).

One of the theories to explain these disparate epidemiological findings is the hygiene hypothesis, which posits that the decrease in early childhood infections leads to “missing immune deviation” …
METHODS AND TECHNIQUES OF FORMING MOTIVATION FOR PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITY IN FUTURE TEACHERS

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The article substantiates the need to form professional motivation as an important component of the professional training of future teachers; identifies ways to form their professional motivation; analyzes the factors that influence the formation of professional motivation of specialists in the field of education. The essence of the concepts of “motiv” and “motivation” in the general sense and as terms of the professional sphere is considered. The modern views of scientists on motivation are analyzed. The analysis of literary sources made it possible to clarify the essence of key concepts, to reveal the content of methods and techniques for developing the motivational sphere of future geography teachers. The main strategies to stimulate motivation include: building the theoretical logic of the subject, which allows students to navigate the formation of mental actions and feel confident in front of new material. It is important for the teacher to facilitate student participation in learning, making them co-participants rather than executors of his or her will. Motivation can be built by outlining the prospects for learning the topic, defining the goal, and emphasizing the importance of developing skills. Addressing students’ existing learning needs, choosing materials that stimulate interest in new knowledge. Students should understand that the knowledge they acquire is important for achieving a specific goal. Rotating teaching methods and forms to stimulate activity and maintain student motivation. Variety, such as role-playing games, discussions, brainstorming, demonstrations, and project activities, contributes to a positive attitude of the future teacher towards learning the material. Setting realistic requirements for each student. Requirements should be high but achievable so that students do not lose interest in learning.
PREGNANEDIOL EXCRETION IN NORMAL CHILDREN AND IN CHILDREN WITH VARIOUS ENDOCRINE DISORDERS, INCLUDING CONGENITAL ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

THE urinary excretion of pregnanediol has for many years been used as an index of progesterone production in the body. Although progesterone may not be the sole metabolic precursor of pregnanediol—administration of desoxycorticosterone has been shown to cause an increase in pregnanediol excretion—the urinary levels of pregnanediol have been found to bear such a close relation to physiologic events and clinical findings as to leave no doubt that they must be a faithful reflection of progesterone secretion. This is the more surprising when it is considered that, even in late pregnancy, progesterone can barely be detected in blood, and not at all in urine. At this time large quantities of pregnanediol are being excreted. Judging by the conversion of exogenous progesterone, the production of endogenous progesterone should be nearly ten times the urinary excretion of pregnanediol. It is therefore likely that once progesterone is set free in the organism, its existence is so evanescent that the direct measurement of circulating progesterone in peripheral venous blood will not be feasible in nonpregnant subjects however much assay techniques are refined. There is thus every reason to suppose that the assay of pregnanediol will continue to hold a pre-eminent place in the assessment of progesterone metabolism.
Interface characterization in electrodeposited Cu–Co multilayers

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Multilayers of Cu–Co made by electrodeposition are characterized. The interface width and layer roughness are measured by the Fresnel technique in electron microscopy. It is shown that the quality of the interfaces is comparable to that of layers made by physical deposition techniques. By depositing the layers on a glass substrate, we also show that it is possible to measure the magnetoresistance of the multilayers without removing the substrate. The values obtained are discussed in relation to the roughness of the layers and the electrodeposition conditions.
Critical infrastructure modeling: An approach to characterizing interdependencies of complex networks &#x00026; control systems

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Critical infrastructure control systems face many challenges entering the 21st century, including natural disasters, cyber attacks, and terrorist attacks. Revolutionary change is underway to solve many existing issues, including gaining greater situational awareness and resiliency through embedding modeling and advanced control algorithms in smart sensors and control devices instead of in a central controller. To support design, testing, and component analysis, a flexible simulation and modeling capability is needed. Researchers at Idaho National Laboratory are developing and evaluating such a capability through their CIPRsim modeling and simulation framework.
The evaluation of the use of jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis) and protease enzyme on the broiler diet with the different level of protein

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

<p class="MDPI17abstract"><strong>Objective: </strong>This study evaluated the use of jack beans (<em>Canavalia ensiformis</em>) and protease enzymes in broiler chicken feed. The protein levels on carcasses and the efficiency of the diet were assessed based on protein efficiency ratio, nitrogen retention, percentage of immunity organs, and feed economic analysis based on Income Overfeed Conversion.</p><p class="MDPI17abstract"><strong>Methods: </strong>The factorial complete randomized design (CRD) was employed in this study, piloting three treatment factors: protein level (22% and 19.5%), protein source material (basal diet and jack bean), and the use of enzymes (without enzymes and protease supplementation). Moreover, three <em>replications</em> were conducted, consisting of two samples of broiler chickens per replication. Forty-eight male broiler chickens from 240 populations that had previously been reared for 28 days were taken as the sample of the study.<strong></strong></p><p class="MDPI17abstract"><strong>Result: </strong>The results showed that the use of jack beans significantly decreased the dress body weight (P&lt;0.05), undress body weight, and carcass weight of broiler chickens. In addition, the weight significantly increased IOFC by (P&lt;0.01). The use of protease enzymes significantly (P&lt;0.05) increased Retention Nitrogen, Protein Eficiency Ratio, and carcass. The feed protein level decreased substantially by (P&lt;0.01). It reduced protein consumption, RN, PER, dress, undress, and carcass body weight. The use of jack bean did not affect the broiler's immune organ size.</p><p class="MDPI17abstract"><strong>Conclusion:</strong> The use of protease enzymes in diets with low protein levels can produce dress body weight, carcass body weight, RN, and PER, similar to basal diets, without affecting the size of the immune organs of broiler chickens.<strong></strong></p>
ANALISIS PERFORMANSI REFRIGERATOR MEDIUM TEMPERATUR (MT) DENGAN PENGATURAN KELEMBABAN

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

ABSTRACTIndonesia is one of the largest producers of horticultural, especially tropical fruits and vegetables. Because of tropical country, the outdoor temperature and humidity are relatively high, so that the horticultural products are decay very fast. In several developing countries including Indonesia, as much as 40% of fruits and vegetables from total production are becoming waste due to lack of refrigerated. The existing medium temperature refrigerator (MT refrigerator) system has temperature controler only, so it still can not maintain the quality of the products. This research is aimed to get optimization of MT refrigerator system with the best option of humidifier technology and efficient operation. The research method will be conducted by re-design of existing medium temperature refrigerator system technology and will be given an innovation of an artificial and natural humidifier with precision setting system, then commenced test will be done, followed by performance test of the system. The results show that the performance of the system using mechanic humidifier is higher approximately 3%-5% than the natural one. In summary, the research has been obtained more effective humidity system, however for natural humidifier need to be more performance test especially in the rural area which has higher humidity and lower ambient temperature.Keywords: refrigerator, medium temperature, humidifier, fresh vegetable, fresh fruitABSTRAKIndonesia merupakan salah satu produsen terbesar untuk produk holtikultura terutama buah-buahan dan sayuran. Namun di lain pihak, karena temperatur dan kelembaban udara lingkungan sangat tinggi maka produk-produk tersebut sangat cepat mengalami pembusukan. Di negara berkembang seperti Indonesia, sebanyak 40% buah dan sayur dari produksi totalnya terbuang dan menjadi sampah (waste) karena kurangnya pendinginan. Sistem refrigerator medium temperatur (MT) yang ada pada saat ini baru mempunyai pengaturan suhu saja sehingga masih mempunyai kelemahan yang tinggi untuk menjaga kualitas produk-produk yang disimpan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan optimasi sistem refrigerator MT dengan pilihan teknologi humidifier dan pengoperasian yang efisien/hemat. Metode penelitian dilakukan dengan re-desain teknologi sistem refrigerator medium temperatur yang sudah ada dan akan di berikan inovasi berupa humidifier buatan dan alami dengan sistem pengaturan yang presisi, kemudian sistem akan dilakukan commencing test, dilanjutkan dengan performance test dari sistem. Analisis terhadap performasi mesin refrigerator didapatkan bahwa dengan mengunakan humidifier mekanik performansi sistem lebih tinggi berkisar 3%-5% pada lingkungan pengujian di Lab Refrigerasi-Politeknik Negeri Bali. Dengan demikian hasil dari penelitian ini sudah didapatkannya produk teknologi tepat guna berupa refrigerator medium temperatur dengan pengaturan suhu dan kelembaban yang efisien dan hemat listrik.Kata kunci : Sistem refrigerator, medium temperatur, humidifier, sayur, buah segar.
Dynamical equation and Monte Carlo simulation of the two-time Wigner function for electron quantum transport

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

A quantum approach to electron transport has been developed in recent years, where the Wigner function (WF) contains also the information of the phonon state; trace over the phonon variables is performed on the iterative solution used for the numerical simulation. In this paper an extension of this method is presented, where a two time WF is defined followed by a proper Fourier transform.
The pathogenicity of Diplodia pinea to Pinus radiata D. Don

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In the Pinus radiata stands of north-eastern Victoria the symptom "dead top" is common and consistently associated with the fungus Diplodia pinea. In order to resolve the pathogenic status of D. pinea, its association with disease symptoms has been studied by histological examination and tissue isolations following greenhouse and field inoculations. Malformations were associated with infection by D. pinea and although the amount of tissue killed was small, the defect induced was considerable. Damage to the leader caused the greatest loss in wood quality. The fungus attacked the pith very readily after gaining access to this tissue through injuries and via needle or cone traces. In the pith, the fungus spread slowly downwards and was protected from changes in the external environment. Injection of D. pinea spores into the pith resulted in a very high percentage of infection, and caused the malformations and other symptoms associated with attack by this fungus in the field. Histological studies showed that the fungus spread rapidly in the pith tissues, causing alterations in cambial function which produced traumatic resin canals, parenchymatous cells, and compression wood. Field trials showed that fast-growing trees were more severely affected than slower-growing ones, and the latter recovered more quickly. The fungus persisted in the infected tissues for up to 400 days.
ESTIMATE OF COEFFICIENT OF HORIZONTAL SUBGRADE REACTION FOR PILES IN SAND

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

For the design of a pile foundation subjected to lateral load, the linear subgrade reaction method, which is commonly called Chang's. solution, is widely used in Japan. However, the solution is not applicable to soils, such as sand, where the stiffness increases approximately linearly with depth. In practice, the estimate of such subgrade reactions has not also published. This report presents the relationship between the coefficient of the horizontal subgrade reaction from the back analysis of twenty-eight full scale tests on a pile in sand and N-value measured by the standard penetration tests.
Effect of Twin Block Appliance on a Growing Patient â€“ A Case Report

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Twin block appliance is very effective in a growing patient. The successful use of this appliance in the treatment of skeletal Class II malocclusion is based upon factors such as; age of patient, compliance of the patient and other case selection criteria. This case report includes a 14-year-old boy who was treated with twin block appliance. If treated timely, growth modification and orthopedic effects with this appliance can be achieved in a growing individual.
The Prognostic Significance of Isolated Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly. Results of a Ten Year Longitudinal Survey

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A ten year longitudinal survey of 191 female elderly subjects (mean age 80--Range 61 to 100 years) was set up to demonstrate that even a moderate isolated systolic hypertension is a powerful contributor to the incidence of cardiovascular complications in the elderly. The incidence of all cardiovascular events was carefully recorded and was correlated with a number of parameters registered at entry into the study. The results show that isolated systolic hypertension as well as diastolic hypertension is significantly correlated to the incidence of strokes and myocardial infarction independently of other parameters (Blood Cholesterol, Blood Sugar) which do not appear in this population as risk factors of cardiovascular morbidity. This underlines the high interest of controlled therapeutic studies run in this field in elderly patients.
3D mobile application with augmented reality B

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The Augmented Reality Technology is advancing in a very fast pace and has attracted the attention of the public ever since its first launch. Games utilizing Physics Engine such as the angry bird are seemed to be popular as well, especially to the smart phone owners. A combination of these two technologies together with 3D graphic could be an interesting integration. Previously there were limitations that had hindered the fulfillment of such idea, for example the limited processing capability of the processor and too little functions provided by the open sourced Augmented Reality tool kit. Currently with the powerful dual core device and the release of the QCAR sdk it seemed possible for us to integrate all these technologies together in a playable and interactive way. This experimental idea may help us to push the boundary of mobile device platform as well as our imagination in in an interactive and interesting way.
Additional file 1 of Enhanced extracellular production of raw starch-degrading α-amylase in Bacillus subtilis through expression regulatory element modification and fermentation optimization

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Additional file 1: Fig. S1 SDS-PAGE analysis of B. subtilis strains containing various promoters in shake flask fermentation. The arrow indicates the band corresponding to AmyZ1 (~55 kDa). Lanes 1-10: supernatant samples from WBZ-Y, WBZ-YY, WBZ-VY, WBZ-SY, WBZ-YV, WBZ-VV, WBZ-SV, WBZ-YS, WBZ-VS, and WBZ-SS, respectively. Lane M: protein molecular weight markers. Fig. S2 SDS-PAGE analysis of WBZ-VY-B-R1 fermentation supernatant in a 3-L fermenter. (A) Lanes 1-3: supernatant samples at 64, 68, and 72 h at a 3:1 ratio, respectively. Lanes 4-6: supernatant samples at 64, 68, and 72 h at a 1:1 ratio, respectively. Lanes 7-9: supernatant samples at 60, 64, and 68 h at a 5:1 ratio, respectively. Lanes 10-12: supernatant samples at 52, 56, and 60 h at a 7:1 ratio, respectively. (B) Lanes 1-9: supernatant samples at 8, 24, 32, 40, 48, 56, 64, 68, and 72 h, respectively. The arrow indicates the band corresponding to AmyZ1 (~55 kDa). Lane M: protein molecular weight markers. Fig. S3 Growth curve of WBZ-VY-B-R1 cultured in a 3-L fermenter. Table S1 Nucleotide sequence of promoters. Table S2 Optimized RBS sequence information. Table S3 Primers used in this study.
Complement-Fixing Platelet Iso-Antibodies

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A quantitative complement-fixation technique for the detection of human platelet iso-antibodies and antigens is described. The method is based on the qualitative technique of Aster et al. [2]. The results are read photometrically, which permits interpretation of reactions too weakly positive to be recognized with certainty visually, and allows quantitative investigations of the platelet-platelet antibody reactions. The ability to fix complement with the same amount of antibody was found to be better in platelet suspensions one and two days old than in suspensions prepared on the day of testing. The antigens were apparently stable for several months at 4°C, and one-year-old platelet suspensions could still be typed. Freezing to -20°C and to -80°C reduced the reactivity of platelets, and storage at -20°C caused a progressive loss of activity. The platelet concentrations yielding the highest serum titres varied between 17,000 and 117,000 platelets per μl of the reaction mixture in different experiments, and the ,antigen cut-off’, when present, occurred with from 3000 to 35,000 platelets per μl of the reaction mixture. These figures express differences in antigen content of different platelets. It is suggested that part of these differences is due to gene-dose effects. The practical applications of the method within histocompatibility testing and platelet immunology are briefly discussed.
Advanced modeling of field enhanced thermionic emission

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Shaped emitters are of interest to a broad range of applications in vacuum electronic devices. In particular, thermionic energy converters (TECs) take advantage of shaped emitters to increase the local surface field, thereby extracting more current for a given cathode temperature and applied voltage. However, modeling these devices is challenging; Warp [J.-L. Vay, D. P. Grote, R. H. Cohen, and A. Friedman, Comput. Sci. Discov. 5, 014019 (2012)] is a fully 3D particle-in-cell code capable of handling a wide range of physics problems and is well suited to modeling TECs. Additionally, recent improvements to Warp have enabled the accurate modeling of emitters with arbitrary curved surfaces. Specifically, the inclusion of subgrid resolution for computing the electrostatic potential and the ability to apply mesh refinement for specific areas of interest allow for a more accurate solution to the fields on these surfaces. These improvements coupled with Warp’s ability to handle variable particle weights make it an ideal candidate for simulating these complex devices. In this paper, the authors study the applicability of different subgrid configurations for simulating shaped emission surfaces and field convergence for different mesh-refinement techniques. They then implement a custom weighting algorithm that allows for uniform sampling of emission surfaces with a large variation in the surface electric field. They then use this algorithm to study emission for curved emitters in both the field-enhancement regime and the space-charge regime.
Diversity, Epidemiology, and Genetics of Class D β-Lactamases

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Class D β-lactamase-mediated resistance to β-lactams has been increasingly reported during the last decade. Those enzymes also known as oxacillinases or OXAs are widely distributed among Gram negatives. Genes encoding class D β-lactamases are known to be intrinsic in many Gram-negative rods, including Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa , but play a minor role in natural resistance phenotypes. The OXAs (ca. 150 variants reported so far) are characterized by an important genetic diversity and a great heterogeneity in terms of β-lactam hydrolysis spectrum. The acquired OXAs possess either a narrow spectrum or an expanded spectrum of hydrolysis, including carbapenems in several instances. Acquired class D β-lactamase genes are mostly associated to class 1 integron or to insertion sequences.