jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Report of the Committee on Coöperation between the Universities and the Industries

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReport of the Committee on Coöperation between the Universities and the IndustriesCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1919, 11, 5, 417Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1919Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1919https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50113a011RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views5Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (197 KB) Get e-Alerts
Activity of Oral Drugs against Leishmania Tropica in Human Macrophages in Vitro

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Because of the need for orally active antileishmanial agents, orally administrable drugs have sometimes been used to treat human leishmaniases without prior demonstration of efficacy in experimental models. The antileishmanial activity of such agents was tested against Leishmania tropica (a cause of cutaneous leishmaniasis) within human macrophages in vitro. Although trimethoprim + sulfamethoxazole and isoniazid + rifampin have been reported as efficacious orally in certain human studies of cutaneous disease, these drugs were ineffective in vitro (less than or equal to 40% parasite elimination) at peak achievable serum levels. The combination of allopurinol and Pentostam is being tested in humans. In vitro, allopurinol (5 micrograms/ml) augmented the antileishmanial effect of a low concentration of Pentostam (5 micrograms/ml) but not of a higher concentration of Pentostam (20 micrograms/ml). Nifurtimox is a nitrofuran which has questionable activity against human cutaneous disease. Nifurtimox was similarly only 50% effective in vitro at peak achievable serum levels (1.0-3.0 micrograms/ml). However, furazolidone, another orally administered nitrofuran, eliminated 92% of parasites at 1.0 micrograms/ml. Chlorpromazine and quinacrine are concentrated in tissues that are susceptible to infection by Leishmania. Chlorpromazine and quinacrine eliminated only 15% and 35% of organisms in vitro at achievable serum levels (less than or equal to 0.3 microgram/ml), but eliminated virtually all organisms in vitro at possible achievable tissue levels. Both the negative and the positive data of this report may aid in selection of effective orally active agents for in vivo trials.
Hormone Excretion Studies of Gynaecomastia of Puberty

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Histoplasmosis in Cyprus-Stoker MEDIBRNAL 795 appeared before the pulmonary infection had completely cleared and was associated with probable histoplasma lymphadenitis.The only characteristic of meningitis caused by this organism appears to be the singular lack of meningeal irritation.The character of the cerebrospinal fluid is not specific, for although the sugar content is usually reduced the various authors have described counts of from 54 to 235 white cells per c.mm. and varying from 100% lymphocytes to 90% neutrophils.It is therefore quite possible that meningeal exudate was present in Case 2.The protean nature of the neurological signs results from the scattered miliary granulomata that usually occur in the brain adjoining the meninges.Further support for the presence of a more severe and chronic histoplasmosis infection in Case 1 is given by the persistence of a positive histoplasmin comple- ment-fixation test after nearly four years.This would be most unusual in an acute pulmonary infection which cleared radio- logically in four months. SummaryPulmonary histoplasmosis occurring in two British subjects resident in Cyprus is reported for the first time from this locality.The illness in both cases followed the visit to a cave where a bat was handled by both patients.It is suggested that the subsequent encephalitis from which one of the patients made a spontaneous recovery was also due to infection by Histoplasma capsulatum.
Social Science and the Discovery of a 'Post-Protestant People': Rowntree's Surveys of York and their other Legacy

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

AbstractDespite the bitter criticism it evoked, both from clerical professionals and lay experts on its publication in 1951, Rowntree's and Lavers's English Life and Leisure survived to become an enduring classic of modern British social science. Yet, in many ways, the respectability it eventually achieved now masks the true radicalism of its findings. Building on fifty years of his own social survey work in York, Rowntree (and his collaborator) were able to show the full extent of the decline of church organization, affiliation and attendance in twentieth-century Britain. They also demonstrated just how these processes had particularly affected the Protestant community — most notably the Nonconformist Protestant community — in England. Finally, they went on to demonstrate how that — institutional — decline was increasingly related to changes in, and a diminution of, specifically Christian beliefs amongst the population as a whole. Their results anticipated many of the conclusions of the 'pessimistic' sociologists of religion in the 1960s. They also constitute a profound critique of 'optimistic' historical revisionism in more recent years. As such, they are perhaps more relevant than ever.Keywords: YORKSOCIAL SCIENCERELIGIOUS DECLINESECULARIZATIONB. S. ROWNTREE
Harmonization Initiatives in Europe.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Based on the results of the questionnaire, some activities promoting the dissemination of best practice in blood sampling, sample storage and transportation, in collaboration with WG on the pre-analytical phase, will be promoted, and initiatives to spread to all the European countries the use of SI units in reporting, will be undertaken. Moreover, EFLM has created a Task and Finish Group on standardization of the color coding for blood collection tube closures that is actively working to accomplish this difficult task through collaboration with manufacturers.
Solution studies of vanadium(IV) complexes with nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) and other aminopolycarboxylic acids (NDAP, NDPA, and NTP)

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Complexes of vanadium(IV) with aminopolycarboxylic acids, nitrilotriacetic (NTA), nitrilodiaceticpropionic (NDAP), nitrilodipropionicacetic (NDPA), and nitrilotripropionic (NTP) acids were studied by electromotrice force measurements [emf(H)] in 3.0 M KCl ionic medium at 25°C. Data analysis using the least-squares program LETAGROP, according to the general reaction p H+ + q VO2+ + r C3− ⇆ H p (VO) q C r p +2 q −3 r , indicates that the following complexes are formed (H3C ligands): NTA ([VOC]− and [OHVOC]2−); NDAP ([VOC]− and [OHVOC]2−); NDPA ([VOC]− and [OHVOC]2−); and NTP ([H2VOC]+, HVOC, [VOC]−, and [OHVOC]2−). The following order of coordination capacity NTA > NDAP > NDPA > NTP is suggested, based on values of stability constants and is attributed to the increase in propionic groups in the sequence. The study confirms that five-membered ring chelates are the most stable for VIV, like CuII, NiII, lanthanides, and other heavier elements.
Children with Autism Show Local Precedence in a Divided Attention Task and Global Precedence in a Selective Attention Task

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Children with a diagnosis of autism and typically developing children were given two variations of the Navon task (Navon, 1977), which required responding to a target that could appear at the global level, the local level, or both levels. In one variation, the divided attention task, no information was given to children regarding the level at which a target would appear on any one trial. In the other, the selective attention task, children were instructed to attend to either the local or the global level. Typically developing children made most errors when the target appeared at the local level whereas children with autism made more errors when the target appeared at the global level in the divided attention task. Both groups of children were quicker to respond to the global target than the local target in the selective attention task. The presence of normal global processing in the children with autism in one task but not in the other is discussed in terms of a deficit in mechanisms that inhibit local information in the absence of overt priming or voluntary selective attention to local information.
Agency Problems and Familiness

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Since the publication of the pioneering papers of Alchian and Demsetz (1972) and Jensen and Meckling (1976), it has been customary to view firms as organisations that are characterised by contractual relationships among self-interested “factors of production” (Fama, 1980, p. 289). These papers laid to rest the traditional view of the firm that merged together the roles of the manager and the owner, and fostered discussions about the potential for conflict of interest between managers who (re-)negotiate contracts with all other input owners and the owner-investors who bear the risk associated with the organisation’s operations and have residual claims to its profits. Indeed, despite early arguments about the efficiency of arrangements that separate ownership and control in firms (Fama, 1980), the dominant view in the literature is that agency conflicts between managers and owner-investors that characterise widely held firms (Berle and Means, 1932) explain why managerial decisions may not be in the interests of the shareholders (Shleifer and Vishny, 1988; Bebchuk and Fried, 2003).
Toxic Behaviour of Naturally Occurring Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids (PAs) are the chemicals which are found in various plant species throughout the world. Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) are secondary metabolites those have been evolved as a powerful means in the plant defensive system against herbivores. Several studies are being performing to detect presence of PAs in the food and feed which are obtained from plants through direct or indirect sources. Biosynthesis of PAs is dependent upon plant's growth and biomass production. In this review, chemistry, biosynthesis and metabolism of pyrrolizidine alkaloids have been summarized. Pyrrolizidine alkaloids are toxic in nature so the presence of PAs in food is undesirable. PAs are reported for their hepatotoxicity, carcinogenicity and genotoxity. PAs first target liver after consumption for their toxicity. PAs intoxication develops acute, sub acute and chronic stage of the liver which leads liver failure and ultimately death.
Influence of the Acetabular Cup Material on the Shell Deformation and Strain Distribution in the Adjacent Bone—A Finite Element Analysis

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In total hip arthroplasty, excessive acetabular cup deformations and altered strain distribution in the adjacent bone are potential risk factors for implant loosening. Materials with reduced stiffness might alter the strain distribution less, whereas shell and liner deformations might increase. The purpose of our current computational study was to evaluate whether carbon fiber-reinforced poly-ether-ether-ketones with a Young´s modulus of 15 GPa (CFR-PEEK-15) and 23 GPa (CFR-PEEK-23) might be an alternative shell material compared to titanium in terms of shell and liner deformation, as well as strain distribution in the adjacent bone. Using a finite element analysis, the press-fit implantation of modular acetabular cups with shells made of titanium, CFR-PEEK-15 and CFR-PEEK-23 in a human hemi-pelvis model was simulated. Liners made of ceramic and polyethylene were simulated. Radial shell and liner deformations as well as strain distributions were analyzed. The shells made of CFR-PEEK-15 were deformed most (266.7 µm), followed by CFR-PEEK-23 (136.5 µm) and titanium (54.0 µm). Subsequently, the ceramic liners were radially deformed by up to 4.4 µm and the polyethylene liners up to 184.7 µm. The shell materials slightly influenced the strain distribution in the adjacent bone with CFR-PEEK, resulting in less strain in critical regions (<400 µm/m or >3000 µm/m) and more strain in bone building or sustaining regions (400 to 3000 µm/m), while the liner material only had a minor impact. The superior biomechanical properties of the acetabular shells made of CFR-PEEK could not be determined in our present study.
Physiological factors influencing radiorubidium flux across isolated rabbit mesentery

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A technique is described for measuring in vitro the permeability of rabbit mesentery to Rb 86 ion. Equations for passive diffusion are adequate to describe the rubidium flux through this membrane, but unlike passage through collodion, transport through mesentery exhibits a high temperature coefficient. Mesentery reacts in ways that are analogous in some respects to the behavior of intact capillaries. For example, the permeability is increased by lowering the extracellular calcium ion concentration or the pH. Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) also elevates the Rb 86 flux, an effect that can be reversed by salicylate but not by lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD). The nature of the transport process is discussed, and it is suggested that isolated mesentery may serve as a useful model for predicting chemical effects on capillary permeability.
Analysis of alterations between the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis and perchlorate exposure in ICR mice strain

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

This study establishes a correlation between exposure and clinical alterations in the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis. Different dosages were applied, from the accepted safe dosage up to a significant increase dosage. The study was carried out under the laboratory animal center?conditions at Universidad of Boyac? (Colombia). Due that ammonium perchlorate is one of?the most used compounds as pesticide in Boyac? department this type of studies are extremely?important. Using enzyme immunoassay in micro-plate (Accubind Elisa Microwells TSH and?Kit Accubind Elisa Microwells T4L ) and following clinical analysis alterations in the hormonal?axis were found which could be be indicative of a possible high risk in the future for individuals?who handle this substance.
Numerical analysis of flow and heat transfer of a viscoelastic fluid over a stretching sheet

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to study the flow and heat transfer of an incompressible homogeneous second‐grade fluid past a stretching sheet channel and employ the homotopy analysis method (HAM) to compute an approximation to the solution of the system of nonlinear differential equations governing on the problem. Design/methodology/approach In this paper, a study of the flow and heat transfer of an incompressible homogeneous second‐grade fluid past a stretching sheet channel is presented and the HAM is employed to compute an approximation to the solution of the system of nonlinear differential equations governing on the problem. It has been attempted to show the capabilities and wide‐range applications of the HAM in comparison with the numerical method in solving this problem. Findings The obtained solutions, in comparison with the exact solutions admit a remarkable accuracy. Originality/value In this paper, a study of the flow and heat transfer of an incompressible homogeneous second‐grade fluid past a stretching sheet channel is presented and the HAM is employed to compute an approximation to the solution of the system of nonlinear differential equations governing on the problem. The paper shows the capabilities and wide‐range applications of the HAM in comparison with the numerical method in solving this problem. The obtained solutions, in comparison with the exact solutions admit a remarkable accuracy.
GFFR-Net: Extraction of Forged General Features for Face Forgery Detection

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Currently, advanced face forgery techniques are continuously evolving, and low-cost forgery methods are increasing in number. Faced with numerous novel and unknown forgery approaches, existing recognition models often struggle to achieve good generalization capabilities across different forgery domains. After conducting in-depth exploration and experiments on existing classification models and face forgery methods, we have improved the general process of face forgery recognition and proposed a generalized face forgery recognition method (GFFR-Net). This model features a designed extractor that solely extracts mid-level and deep semantic features from images and a domain alignment module capable of masking non-generalized forged features. The design of the feature extractor and domain alignment module aims to help the classifier extract all generalized forged features and address the distribution differences between data originating from various forgery methods. Additionally, we employ a fine-tuned VisionTransformer(ViT) as the classifier for face forgery recognition. During the training process of GFFR-Net, we created a new dataset from facial images generated by eleven different face editing methods, dividing it into two groups for training: ID-Replaced and ID-Remained. In the model comparison and ablation experiments, we used two forgery methods, FSGAN and StyleGAN2, which were not involved in the model training, to validate the generalization capabilities. The experimental results show that the domain generalization ability of this model is significantly superior to that of many powerful baseline models and state-of-the-art models.
The Remanent Magnetization of the Basic Tertiary Igneous Rocks of Skye, Inverness-shire

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The remanent magnetization of the basic igneous rocks of Skye, the hypersthene gabbro of Ardnamurchan, and the layered gabbro of Rhum has been examined. All the rocks possessing stable magnetization were found to be reversely magnetized. This is believed to be due to the Earth's magnetic field being reversed during the half million years or so during which the rocks were formed.
Using a General Hurwitz-Lerch Zeta for BI-Univalent Analytic Functions to Estimate a Second Hankel Determinan

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we introduce and investigate a new class of bi- univalent functions defined in the open unit disk involving a general integral operator associated with the general Hurwitz- Lerch Zeta function denoted by . The main result of the investigation is to estimate the upper bounds for the initial Taylor–Maclaurin coefficients of functions and for this class. Following, we find the second Hankel determinant. Several new results are shown after specializing the parameters employed in our main results.
Overview of hedge fund tax structures

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide a brief overview of some common hedge fund structures and some of the tax considerations that are significant in choosing among these structures. Design/methodology/approach The focus of this article is US federal income tax considerations, particularly in the circumstance where the fund manager includes, at least in part, persons who are US individual taxpayers. The structures described here, including limited partnerships organized under US law, offshore investment companies, and master‐feeder structures, serve as basic building blocks for many other variations that may be appropriate, depending on a number of factors, including investment objectives (e.g. capital appreciation versus dividend income), anticipated investors (e.g. non‐US investors and investors subject to special regulatory regimes) and the composition of the investment managers (e.g. managers that include both US and non‐US principals). Findings Hedge funds must be structured carefully to avoid unfavorable US tax consequences and each structure has both advantages and disadvantages. Originality/value An essential summary of tax structures for hedge fund managers and advisers.
Aquatic insects in subtropical streams: the role of different grassland ecosystems and local environmental descriptors

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Organisms can respond to environmental gradients from local to landscape features. Aquatic insects are particularly affected by watershed peculiarities due to their dependence on microhabitat conditions. However, these relationships are poorly understood in lotic ecosystems of subtropical grasslands, limiting water resources management and bioassessment proposals. Here, we investigated how local stream environment and variations in landscape types affect the assemblage structure of a bioindicator insect group, face to the spatial proximity of the sampled locations. We sampled immatures of Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera in streams along the Brazilian Pampa biome, recording environmental descriptors in different grassland ecosystem types. The structure of aquatic insect assemblages differed across grassland types, with specific dominant genera associated with each landscape. Spatially-structured water physicochemical descriptors explained a significant amount of variation in assemblage data. Our findings suggest that grassland ecosystem type delimitations capture ecological attributes, influencing watershed features important to EPT assemblage structuration. Moreover, we highlight the importance of niche-based process structuring EPT assemblages along grassland ecosystem types of Pampa biome. In addition, we encourage using aquatic insects in bioassessment of lotic waters to assess local and landscape environmental impacts. We strongly recommend considering the grassland ecosystem schedule for water resources management and bioassessment proposals.