jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
LEPTIN AND ADIPONECTIN PLASMA CONCENTRATION IN OBESE AND OVERWEIGHT PATIENTS

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In obese patients, Leptin plasma concentration is high. This problem is called “leptin resistance”.In reverse, adiponectin concentration is low in overweight and obese patients with insulin resistance, dyslipidemia. Objectives: 1. To determine the plasma leptin and adiponectin concentration in overweight and obese patients. 2. To evaluate the correlation between plasma leptin concentration with plasma adiponectin, glucose concentration, BMI, and blood pressure in overweight and obese patients. Methods: The study was carried out on 137 people (67 normal individuals and 70 overweight and obese patients). Concentrations of leptin and adiponectin were determined by ELISA (Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay). Results and conclusions: concentrations of leptin in control group was 6.75 ± 5.17 ng/ml, overweight group was 8.95 ± 4.98 ng/ml, and obese group was 11.59 ± 5.76 ng/ml. Concentrations of adiponectin in control group were 9.67 ± 5.06 µg/ml, overweight group was 7.81 ± 4.83 µg/ml, and obese group was 5.87 ± 4.1 µg/ml. Concentrations of leptin in overweight and obese patients was higher than control group. Concentrations of adiponectin in overweight and obese patients was lower than control group. There were positive correlation between leptin concentration and BMI, blood pressure, fasting glucose concentration. And there was inverse correlation between leptin concentration and adiponectin concentration. Key words: Leptin, adiponectin, obese, overweight.
Accuracy of an Affordable Smartphone-Based Teledermoscopy System for Color Measurements in Canine Skin

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Quality smartphone cameras and affordable dermatoscopes have enabled teledermoscopy to become a popular medical and veterinary tool for analyzing skin lesions such as melanoma and erythema. However, smartphones acquire images in an unknown RGB color space, which prevents a standardized colorimetric skin analysis. In this work, we supplemented a typical veterinary teledermoscopy system with a conventional color calibration procedure, and we studied two mid-priced smartphones in evaluating native and erythematous canine skin color. In a laboratory setting with the ColorChecker, the teledermoscopy system reached CIELAB-based color differences ΔE of 1.8–6.6 (CIE76) and 1.1–4.5 (CIE94). Intra- and inter-smartphone variability resulted in the color differences (CIE76) of 0.1, and 2.0–3.9, depending on the selected color range. Preliminary clinical measurements showed that canine skin is less red and yellow (lower a* and b* for ΔE of 10.7) than standard Caucasian human skin. Estimating the severity of skin erythema with an erythema index led to errors between 0.5–3%. After constructing a color calibration model for each smartphone, we expedited clinical measurements without losing colorimetric accuracy by introducing a simple image normalization on a white standard. To conclude, the calibrated teledermoscopy system is fast and accurate enough for various colorimetric applications in veterinary dermatology.
Anaphor Resolution as a Function of Spatial Distance and Priming: Exploring the Spatial Distance Effect in Situation Models

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract. Anaphor resolution has been found to depend on the spatial distance between the reader’s focus of attention and the location of the anaphor referent in a spatially organized situation model (spatial distance effect; Rinck & Bower, 1995 ; Morrow et al., 1987 ). This effect implies that a) the situation model is spatially organized and b) spatial distance has a stronger effect on the resolution of anaphoric reference than the text priming the anaphor referent. In three experiments, adult participants read 12 short narratives about protagonists moving around a building. Mentioning the location of the anaphor referent in text prior to the anaphoric sentence facilitated anaphor resolution. Decreased spatial distance consistently facilitated anaphor resolution, even when priming the anaphor referent affected anaphor resolution more strongly than spatial distance. Results are discussed with regard to the interpretation and reliability of the spatial distance effect and the interaction of different representational levels in the context of multi-level theories of text comprehension.
4q interstitial and terminal deletion: clinical features comparison in two unrelated children

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<abstract> <p>The 4q deletion syndrome defines a disorder, which may involve patients affected by either the deletion of the interstitial region from the centromere to 4q31 or by the deletion of the terminal region from 4q31 to 4qter. Here, we describe clinical phenotypes of two unrelated children of the same age followed at the same time, with case 1 presenting with 4q interstitial and case 2 with terminal 4q deletion, and compare them each other and with those reported in the literature. Both children showed complex, heterogeneous clinical manifestations, including craniofacial features, pre-postnatal growth failure, speech and developmental delay. In case 2, thyroid and cholesterol dysfunction were also found. Analyzing these data, clinical differences between interstitial and terminal 4q deletions are scanty and no significant phenotype differences were found between the 4q regions deleted as observed in the comparison of the two children and the related cases of the literature. The term 4q deletion syndrome - inclusive for both the interstitial and terminal 4q regions deleted - seems to be appropriate. To note, the dysfunction of cholesterol metabolism and thyroid presented by case 2 may be clinically worthwhile, whether confirmed by other observations.</p> </abstract>
Business and Armed Non-State Groups: Challenging the Landscape of Corporate (Un)accountability in Armed Conflicts

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Economic and armed non-state actors increasingly operate through their transnational activities. International public law excludes them from any international regulation or accountability process. International humanitarian law (IHL, the law of war) as a branch of international public law is an exception to this because it also regulates the behavior of non-state actors. Recent developments pertaining to the potential liability of business entities for involvement in international crimes, particularly when related to the activities of ANSGs challenge the traditional doctrine of international law and demonstrate the need for its norms to adapt to an evolving reality.
REACTIONS OF TITANIUM HALIDES WITH ORGANOMETALLIC COMPOUNDS: I. STOICHIOMETRY OF THE REACTIONS BETWEEN TITANIUM TETRACHLORIDE AND SOME ORGANOMETALLIC COMPOUNDS

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The over-all stoichiometry of the reactions involving titanium tetrachloride and various organometallic compounds has been determined. While titanium tetrachloride reacts with aluminum ethyldichloride and lead tetraethyl according to a 1:1 stoichiometry for any ratio investigated, the reaction between aluminum triethyl and titanium tetrachloride proceeds according to different paths when the ratio of the reagents is changed. Equations describing the reactions between aluminum triethyl and titanium tetrachloride, where the stoichiometries are respectively 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, are derived. Although a certain amount of hydrogen has been isolated after hydrolysis of the products of these reactions, no definite evidence is found for the presence of Ti(II).In all the experiments (except those in which an Al/Ti ratio greater than unity was used) substantial amounts of ethyl chloride and ethylene have been found, together with the main gaseous components, ethane and butane. A higher alkane was also isolated from the solid products of the reaction and is equal to the quantity of ethane liberated.
Surfaces Family with Common Smarandache Geodesic Curve According to Bishop Frame in Euclidean Space

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we analyzed the problem of consructing a family of surfaces from a given some specialSmarandache curves in Euclidean 3-space. Using the Bishop frame of the curve in Euclidean 3-space,we express the family of surfaces as a linear combination of the components of this frame, and derivethe necessary and sufficient conditions for coefficents to satisfy both the geodesic and isoparametricrequirements. Finally, examples are given to show the family of surfaces with common Smarandachegeodesic curve.
Paucifascicular Congenital Sensory Neuropathy in Identical Twins

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A male infant had sensory and autonomic dysfunction, and his identical twin had a similar clinical finding. One twin was extensively studied, utilizing sural nerve, skin, and conjunctival biopsy specimens, to evaluate the status of peripheral sensory axons. The results support an antenatal neurodevelopmental disturbance in axonal growth that affects sensory neurons and limits their distal extension. Neuropathologic studies of this patient closely resemble findings in hereditary sensory neuropathy type II; clinically, however, this patient resembles patients with congenital autonomic dysfunction and universal pain loss. Investigation of proximal and distal sural nerve, skin, and/or conjunctival biopsy specimens is recommended in patients with sensory and autonomic dysfunction to help differentiate these patients to assist in genetic counselling, treatment, and prognosis. It is possible that clinical overlap in such patients may result from a common neuropathic process, but with varying degrees of involvement.
MATERNAL AND FETAL RISK FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH LATE PRETERM INFANTS

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine maternal and fetal risk factors associated with the birth of late preterm infants in comparison to those born at term. Methods: A case-control study was carried out in a tertiary center for high-risk pregnancies. For the cases, the study enrolled post-partum mothers and their respective newborns with gestational ages equal or greater than 34 weeks and less than 37 weeks. As controls, the post-partum mothers and their newborns with gestational ages of 37 weeks or greater were selected. The sample was calculated with a ratio of two controls for each case, resulting in 423 patients. Association studies were performed using the chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test and logistic regression analysis. Results: The variables associated with late prematurity were inadequate prenatal (Odds Ratio [OR] 1.23; confidence interval of 95% [95%CI] 1.12-1.34; p≤0.001), premature rupture of membranes (OR 4.98; 95%CI 2.66-9.31; p≤0.001), length of hospital stay ≥24 hours until birth (OR 0.18; 95%CI 0.06-0.52; p≤0.001), cesarean section (OR 2.74; 95%CI 1.69-4.44; p≤0.001) and small for gestational age newborn (OR 3.02; 95%CI 1.80-5.05; p≤0.001). Conclusions: Inadequate prenatal care and membranes’ premature rupture were found as factors associated with the late preterm birth. It is important to identify the factors that allow intervention with adequate prenatal care in order to reduce poor outcomes due to late prematurity.
Understanding the gas sensing properties of polypyrrole coated tin oxide nanofiber mats

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Tin oxide-polypyrrole composites have been widely studied for their enhanced sensing performance towards ammonia vapours, but further investigations are required for an understanding of the interaction mechanisms with different target analytes. In this work, polypyrrole coated tin oxide fibers have been synthesized using a two-step approach of electrospinning and vapour phase polymerization for the sensing of ammonia, ethanol, methanol, 2-propanol and acetone vapours. The resistance variation in the presence of these vapours of different nature and concentration is investigated for the determination of sensor response. A decrease in resistance occurred on interaction of tin oxide-polypyrrole with ammonia, as opposed to previous reported works. Partial reduction of polypyrrole due to interfacial interaction with tin oxide has been proposed to explain this behavior. High sensitivity of 7.45 is achieved for 1 ppm ammonia concentration. Furthermore, the sensor exhibited high sensitivity and a faster response towards ethanol vapours although methanol has the highest electron donating capability. The catalytic mechanism has been discussed to explain this interesting behavior. The results reveal that interaction between tin oxide and polypyrrole is crucial to control the predominant sensing mechanism.
New records of Ophiuroidea (Echinodermata) of the Brazilian coast, with notes on its taxonomy and distribution

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Astracme mucronata and Ophiopaepale goesiana are recorded for the first time from the Brazilian coast. The specimens examined were collected from the States of Ceará (Canopus Bank) and Rio Grande do Norte (Potiguar Basin) in north-eastern Brazil. Descriptions, geographical range and taxonomy notes about the species are provided. This study expands the number of species of Ophiuroidea for the Brazilian coast from 134 to 136 species.
First demonstration of 2T0C-FeDRAM: a-ITZO FET and double gate a-ITZO/a-IGZO FeFET with a record-long multibit retention time of >4-bit and >2000 s

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

We successfully demonstrated a 2T0C-FeDRAM with a record-long multibit retention time exceeding 2000 seconds and 4-bit (19 states) capability, attributed to a V SN of 0 V leveraging the non-volatile properties of ferroelectrics.
Sex differences in investigation results and treatment in subjects referred for investigation of chest pain

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

OBJECTIVE To evaluate differences in investigation results and treatment between men and women referred for diagnostic treadmill exercise testing and coronary arteriography. DESIGN Cohort study. SETTING Tertiary cardiology centre. SUBJECTS 1522 subjects referred by primary care physicians to an open access chest pain clinic for initial investigation of chest pain, of whom 485 were subsequently referred for coronary arteriography; and a similar cohort of 107 subjects referred directly by secondary care physicians for diagnostic coronary arteriography. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Rates of positive exercise tests and rates for referral for arteriography and revascularisation according to sex. RESULTS Overall, women were less likely to be referred for arteriography and revascularisation than men. However, men were more likely to have positive exercise tests, and for various exercise test diagnostic end points men were also more likely to have significant coronary artery disease. After taking this into account, there was no sex difference in referral rates for arteriography or revascularisation. CONCLUSIONS There was no evidence of a sex bias resulting in inappropriate underinvestigation or undertreatment of women. However, the positive predictive value of treadmill exercise testing is low for women and further research is needed into how best to investigate women with chest pain.
Role of Intracellular Ca 2+ in Activation of Protein Kinase C During Ischemic Preconditioning

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background Activation of protein kinase C plays an important role in ischemic preconditioning. Given that protein kinase C is activated by an increase in the intracellular Ca 2+ concentration ([Ca 2+ ] i ) and that myocardial ischemia and reperfusion increase [Ca 2+ ] i , the effect of transient exposures to Ca 2+ on infarct size and the effect of administration of EGTA during ischemic and α 1 -adrenoceptor–mediated preconditioning on the limitation of infarct size were investigated in the canine heart. Methods and Results In open-chest dogs, 5 minutes after the completion of either three 5-minute infusions of CaCl 2 or four 5-minute infusions of the α 1 -adrenoceptor agonist methoxamine into the coronary artery, the coronary arteries were occluded for 90 minutes; this occlusion was followed by a 6-hour reperfusion in both the Ca 2+ preconditioning and methoxamine groups. Infarct sizes in the Ca 2+ preconditioning (15.8±2.3%) and methoxamine (10.1±2.2%) groups were significantly ( P <.01) smaller than in the control group (42.5±2.9%), and administration of either an inhibitor of protein kinase C (GF109203X) or an inhibitor of ecto-5′-nucleotidase (α,β-methyleneadenosine 5′-diphosphate) reduced the infarct size–limiting effect of Ca 2+ preconditioning. Administration of EGTA during ischemic or α 1 -adrenoceptor–mediated preconditioning inhibited both the infarct size–limiting effect and the activation of protein kinase C and ecto-5′-nucleotidase induced by these procedures. Conclusions [Ca 2+ ] i during ischemic and α 1 -adrenoceptor–mediated preconditioning plays an important role in the infarct size–limiting effect of these procedures by activating protein kinase C and ecto-5′-nucleotidase in the canine heart.
Assessment of the immediate effects of the neuromuscular taping on the activation of thigh muscles during gait – a case study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

INTRODUCTION: Neuromuscular tape is a specialized thin and elastic tape used in rehabilitation. Tape allows free movement and manufacturers suggest that it improves proprioception, changes muscle activity and reduces pain, swelling and muscle spasm. The purpose of this case study was to examine the effects of neuromuscular taping on muscle activation pattern of thigh muscles. METHODS: One healthy male subject (age=30, BMI=24, 8) was included in the study. Electromyographic measurements were performed during 14 gait cycles of self-paced barefoot walking on even surface in three conditions (no tape, neuromuscular tape and placebo tape). Tape was applied unilaterally. Variables of interest were root mean square (RMS) of the electromyographic signal (mean and max) and time before peak (tbp) for selected thigh muscles. Descriptive statistics were performed for all variables, and also paired-samples T-test, Wilcoxon paired signed-rank test and two-way ANOVA where appropriate. RESULTS: There were significant differences between right m. vastus medialis (RMSmean: p=0, 006 ; RMSmax: p=0, 002) and left m. vastus medialis (RMSmean: p=0, 005) with and without tape. Results of two-way ANOVA revealed possible influence of the method and significant difference for m. vastus medialis. Scheffe post hoc test revealed significant difference between neuromuscular tape condition vs. other two conditions (RMSmean: p<0, 001 ; RMSmax: p=0, 002). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: There could be other confounding factors responsible for these differences due to study limitations. It seems that neuromuscular tape changes m. vastus medialis activation, but in the unexpected direction in this particular subject. Further studies need to be performed on a larger sample of participants.
Effects of Xylanase on Energy Balance of Baby Oplegnathus fasciatus

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Baby Oplegnathus fasciatus(initial body weight 5.46 g)are used as experimental samples in this study,the artificial feed pellets are used as the basic food,and 30 d feeding course is conducted to observe the effects of different levels of xylanase(0.5‰,1.0‰,1.5‰)in pellet feed on the energy balance.The results show that the specific growth rate(SGR),consumption rate(CR),conversion efficiency(CE)and energy balance are impacted significantly by xylanase.The maximum SGR(wet weight),SGR(dry weight)and SGR(energy)are 2.96%·d- 1,3.09%·d -1and 3.76%·d -1respectively at basal diet containing 1.0‰xylanase,and the maximum dry weigh energy(DW-CE)is 25.68%at the same xylanase level.The CE(energy)and Absorption Efficiency(AE) are at a higher level by being 32.64%and 90.58%,respectively),while the CR(dry weight and energy)are at a lower level with 11.29%and 10.55%,respectively.The results indicate that the feed coefficient stays at a lower level at basic diet containing 1.0‰xylanase.The optimal energy equation at this level is found to be 100.00C= 9.42F+7.21U+32.64G+50.73R.
Kolmogorov-Smirnov test for feature selection in emotion recognition from speech

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Automatic emotion recognition from speech is limited by the ability to discover the relevant predicting features. The common approach is to extract a very large set of features over a generally long analysis time window. In this paper we investigate the applicability of two-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistical test (KST) to the problem of segmental speech emotion recognition. We train emotion classifiers for each speech segment within an utterance. The segment labels are then combined to predict the dominant emotion label. Our findings show that KST can be successfully used to extract statistically relevant features. KST criterion is used to optimize the parameters of the statistical segmental analysis, namely the window segment size and shift. We carry out seven binary class emotion classification experiments on the Emo-DB and evaluate the impact of the segmental analysis and emotion-specific feature selection.
Rapidity gaps and jets as a new-physics signature in very-high-energy hadron-hadron collisions

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

In hadron-hadron collisions, production of Higgs bosons and other color-singlet systems can occur via fusion of electroweak bosons, occasionally leaving a ``rapidity gap'' in the underlying-event structure. This observation, due to Dokshitzer, Khoze, and Troyan, is studied to see whether it serves as a signature for detection of the Higgs bosons, etc. We find it is a very strong signature at subprocess c.m. energies in excess of a few TeV. The most serious problem with this strategy is the estimation of the fraction of events containing the rapidity gap; most of the time the gap is filled by soft interactions of spectator degrees of freedom. We also study this question and estimate this ``survival probability of the rapidity gap'' to be of order 5%, with an uncertainty of a factor 3. Ways of testing this estimate and further discussion of the underlying hard-diffraction physics are presented.
SURG-16. MULTIDISCIPLINARY TREATMENT OF HEMANGIOBLASTOMAS IN CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM AND FUTURE PROSPECTS

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Hemangioblastomas (HB) in central nervous system are originally benign tumors. However, they are extremely vascular and appropriate treatment of the feeders and drainers is important when performing HB resection. Approximately 20% of HB cases are thought to be caused by von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease. Patients with VHL disease often develop multiple HBs, and it may be difficult to treat them with excision alone. Recently, belzutifan, a molecular targeted drug indicated for treating HB in VHL disease cases, was approved by FDA. In this presentation, we will provide an overview of the multidisciplinary treatment at our facility. METHOD At our facility, we performed 84 cases of excision surgery from 1996 to 2019, and analyzed the results of these treatments. A high-definition 3D fused image was created before surgery to identify the feeders and drainers. Tumor embolization was performed on the feeder, which was thought to be located deep within the surgical field. In addition, gamma knife treatment was performed as appropriate for HBs that did not undergo extirpation. RESULTS The breakdown of cases was 46 with VHL disease and 38 with non-VHL disease. Postoperatively, KPS improved in 55% of cases, and some complications occurred in 18%. Gamma Knife treatment has been performed on 58 cases so far, and the 10-year tumor control rate is approximately 80%. DISCUSSION/SUMMARY This presentation revealed that multidisciplinary treatment is effective for HBs. In the future it is necessary to consider which HB cases belzutifan is useful for and how it should be combined with other treatments.