jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Can individual budgets have an impact on carers and the caring role?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

ABSTRACT The introduction of cash-for-care schemes such as individual or personal budgets in England has been seen as central to the personalisation agenda for reforming the delivery of adult social care. However, despite there being 5.2 million carers in England and Wales, the initiative concentrates predominantly on the needs of the service user. The implementation of individual budgets (IBs) was piloted within 13 local authorities during 2005–2007 and the Department of Health commissioned an independent evaluation of this pilot (IBSEN). The focus was only on the service user in the evaluation and therefore a separate but linked study was set up to evaluate the impact and outcomes of IBs on carers. Carers of service users who had consented to take part in the main IBSEN study were identified and invited to participate in a follow-up study aimed at exploring how IBs impacted on carers and the caring role. The study found that the receipt of the budget was significantly associated with positive impacts on carers' reported quality of life and, when other factors were taken into account, with social care outcomes. These outcome gains were achieved despite no higher costs being incurred to the public purse, thus suggesting that IBs for service users are cost-effective for carers.
Differentiation of Restless Genital Syndrome from Persistent Genital Arousal Disorder: A Case Report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: Persistent genital arousal disorder (PGAD) presents with a constant unwelcome sensation of genital arousal. Moreover, restless genital syndrome (RGS) is one of the restless leg syndrome (RLS) variants Case Representation: We aimed to clarify the differences between clinical diagnoses of these two similar conditions. Assessing the circadian pattern of symptoms, the simultaneous presence of RLS and restless bladder syndrome, exacerbation of symptoms with caffeine use, healing with magnesium use, and familial history of RLS helped us with the differentiation between PGAD and RGS. Conclusion: We propose to rule out the diagnosis of RGS in all patients with PGAD symptoms.
An Ensemble Learning and Slice Fusion Strategy for Three-Dimensional Nuclei Instance Segmentation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Automated microscopy image analysis is a fundamental step for digital pathology and computer aided diagnosis. Most existing deep learning methods typically require post-processing to achieve instance segmentation and are computationally expensive when directly used with 3D microscopy volumes. Supervised learning methods generally need large amounts of ground truth annotations for training whereas manually annotating ground truth masks is laborious especially for a 3D volume. To address these issues, we propose an ensemble learning and slice fusion strategy for 3D nuclei instance segmentation that we call Ensemble Mask R-CNN (EMR-CNN) which uses different object detectors to generate nuclei segmentation masks for each 2D slice of a volume and propose a 2D ensemble fusion and a 2D to 3D slice fusion to merge these 2D segmentation masks into a 3D segmentation mask. Our method does not need any ground truth annotations for training and can inference on any large size volumes. Our proposed method was tested on a variety of microscopy volumes collected from multiple regions of organ tissues. The execution time and robustness analyses show that our method is practical and effective.
SEC Vidicon Spectra of Geminid Meteors, 1972

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The SEC Vidicon, a low light level closed circuit television system, was used to obtain 137 spectrographic records of meteors at Mt. Hopkins, Arizona, during the Geminid meteor shower in December 1972. Seven of the best Geminid meteor spectra are studied here in detail. The near infrared, out to wavelengths near 9000 Å, is recorded for the first time for Geminids. The spectra, in general, exhibit the elements previously found in photographic records of this shower but show a surprising frequency of occurrence of the forbidden green line of OI at 5577 Å. This line is normally absent from meteors moving as slowly as the Geminids (36 km/s) and its presence in these records may be due to the added sensitivity available with the SEC Vidicon. The average green line duration in Geminid meteors with a luminosity near zero absolute visual magnitude is 0.73 s at a mean height of 95 km, 11 km lower than the green line peak in Perseid meteors of the same luminosity.
The trend of moral education value at the present age

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In our country,the moral education has a long history.The trend of moral education value is obedience.There are the following reasons: The traditional thought is based on ethics;the trend of education is based on group;the function of moral education is political control;the moral education background has changed in the present age.That is to say,the structure of the social has changed;the pluralistic social has formed;the moral education trends for the purpose of human;the world of life has been back to practice.All of them have indicated that moral choice has become the nature require and the trend of moral education.
Microscopic testing of sulfur distribution in hardened cement paste subjected to external sulfate attack

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Backscattered electron image and line scan mode in EDS were adopted to test sulfur,calcium,silicon distribution in cement pastes eroded by 2.5% and 5.0% sodium sulfate solutions for one year,the distribution rules of sulfur were quantitatively described,and the causes producing the distribution are analyzed.The results show that,for specimen in each solution,the sulfur in the surface paste is low,while in the near-surface zone appears high sulfur content band,after which with the increase of depth,sulfur firstly decreases significantly,then decreases gradually,finally tends to a constant.Moreover,the width and peak concentration of high sulfur content band of specimen immersed in 5.0% sodium sulfate solution are greater than those in 2.5% sodium sulfate solution.The results obtained provide the basis for the further study on the transporation of sulfate ions in cement-based materials and the deterioration of cement-based materials under sulfate attack.
Design of a Secure Fine-Grained Official Document Exchange Model for E-Government

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

At present, the exchange of information via Internet is widely used in electronic government (e-Government).To securely and effectively exchange official documents among government agencies, an exchange model has been developed by the government of Taiwan.Although a RSA cryptosystem is used in the model to ensure security and XML is employed to increase interoperability, the current design does not take advantage of the rich structure of the XML documents, and it may result in possible security leaks due to the fact that, traditionally, the whole document is signed and encrypted.Considering the characteristic that it is easy to integrate encryption, signature and access control into XML documents, a fine-grained official document exchange model for e-Government is proposed in this article.In addition, the proposed model conforms to standards such as XML Encryption and XML Signature.
Thyrotoxic Graves's disease after primary hypothyroidism.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

perforation.3Perhaps, significantly (more so had the number of cases been greater), all six were women with an average age of 45.Our patient was also a woman, who was 52.Our patient presented with rectal bleeding at defaecation.No such case has been reported.Possibly the bleeding may have been due to haemorrhoids, but against this no bleeding has occurred since resection of the diverticulum, despite her piles still being present and untreated.The barium enema findings strongly suggested the presence of a polyp and this led to erroneous diagnosis and difficulties at laparotomy.The confusion seems best explained by the partially barium-filled diverticulum overlying the barium-filled colon on the radiographs giving the appearance of "a lobulated lesion, probably a polyp."This phenomenon should be borne in mind by all those searching for elusive polyps.
Eye-glance input interface for a small screen

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Optical measurement devices for eye movements are generally expensive and it is often necessary to restrict user head movements when various eye-gaze input interfaces are used. Previously, we proposed a novel eye-gesture input interface that utilized electrooculography amplified via an AC coupling that does not require a head mounted display [1] . Instead, combinations of eye-gaze displacement direction were used as the selection criteria. When used, this in- terface showed a success rate approximately 97.2%, but it was necessary for the user to declare his or her intention to perform an eye gesture by blinking or pressing an enter key. In this paper, we propose a novel eye-glance input in- terface that can consistently recognize glance behavior without a prior declaration, and provide a decision algorithm that we believe is suitable for eye-glance input interfaces such as small smartphone screens. In experiments using our improved eye-glance input interface, we achieved a detection rate of approximately 93% and a direction determina- tion success rate of approximately 79.3%. A smartphone screen design for use with the eye-glance input interface is also proposed.
Brief evidence-based review of a therapy: Constraint-induced movement therapy

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The limited use or the inability to use the upper limb is a major impairment following stroke. Constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT) is argued to be the means through which functional return of the affected limb can be achieved because it challenges the compensatory focus of traditional rehabilitation. Current stroke guidelines recommend CIMT to be incorporated within stroke rehabilitation programs. The purpose of this paper is to explain CIMT, present evidence supporting CIMT and to describe selection criteria for CIMT post-stroke.
Outbreak of Parasitic Gastroenteritis Among Travelers Returning From Africa

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Eosinophilia and intestinal infections with a trematode parasite developed in 18 of the 20 American tourists who traveled to Kenya and Tanzania; the fact that the two other tourists also had eosinophilia suggested that they too had been infested. Because no adult flukes were recovered, a specific identification could not be made, but the eggs we observed resembled those of an Echinostoma. Several tour members had mild, nonspecific abdominal complaints, but ten had moderately severe abdominal cramps and loose or watery stools. Treatment with praziquantel was associated with rapid symptomatic improvement, and after treatment no parasitic eggs were recovered from patients' stools.
Coercive Field Model for Description of Mono- and Multidomain Magnetic Granular Systems

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The study of nanoscopic magnetic systems of granular materials is an interesting subject for fundamental research in the field of condensed matter physics that can be modeled through convenient theory. Here, we evaluate the attempt time τ0 and magnetic anisotropy energy barrier Ean of magnesium ferrite (MgFe2O4) samples annealed at different temperatures using scaling plots from ac magnetic susceptibility data. The scaling of ln(τ) versus 1/Tm″ is valid for a range of annealing temperatures. Particularly, we identify MgFe2O4 nanoparticles with an increase in size and the emerging of agglomerates, which are also corroborated by data from XRD, TEM, and magnetic measurements. By analyzing ZFC-FCW curves and working out ⟨HC⟩T, we show that the model describing noninteracting monodomain nanoparticles remains valid for samples without agglomerates, as long as the received thermal energy does not surpass a given threshold value. For increasing annealing energy, the magnetic anisotropy energy barrier is substantially increased while the magnetic relaxation time scale becomes much lower. We presented a generalized model for the description of magnetic coercivity as a function of temperature systems composed by magnetic mono- and multidomains. With this model, we described the temperature dependence of the coercive field of MgFe2O4 samples successfully. The contribution of superparamagnetic particles, mono- and multidomain, and the use of a temperature-dependent average blocking temperature was shown to be important to describe the coercive field throughout the measured temperature range.
What kind of energy devices should be used for laparoscopic liver resection? Recommendations from a systematic review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Transection methods and hemostasis achievement have an impact on blood loss, and consequently on outcome and survival. However, no consensus exists on parenchymal transection or hemostasis techniques in laparoscopic liver resection (LLR). The aim of this review is to clarify the role of energy devices (ED) in LLR. ED is a generator of mechanic or electric energy transfer to an operating tool, used for transection, sealing or both. Searches were performed in PubMed, PubMed Central, Cochrane, Embase, Google Scholar in human or animal experimental models. Each study quality was graded following the GRADE system. From 1996 to 2014, 30 studies were found: five comparative, one prospective, two case-control, and 16 case series and some case reports, with level of evidence ranging from Moderate to Very Low. Since 2012, the Research and Development of new tools raised quicker than clinical studies could follow. The two main techniques emerged are blind transection versus sharp dissection: due to the low quality and heterogeneity of the studies, no firm conclusion can be drawn, but meticulous dissection of vessels usually never leads to vascular damage. As a matter of fact, ED, though efficient and reliable, cannot replace the basic skills of hepatic surgery: sharp dissection, vascular control and elective sealing.
Repetition of FDG PET study in the same day after appropriate patient preparation revealed two new cancer localizations: a case report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A positron emission tomography scan with fluorodeoxyglucose can be affected by several factors. Skeletal muscle activation and physiological presence of radioactivity in urine frequently cause difficulties in images interpretation. We report a case of a patient with a non-operable left lung cancer, who was scheduled for FDG PET examination for radiotherapy planning purposes. In the first scan performed in the morning both elevated muscular and urinary uptake were present. For this reason another examination was performed on the same day. A new dose of radiopharmaceutical was given five hours after the first FDG injection and the patient was instructed to drink a large quantity of water in the meantime. The second PET scan clearly revealed two new lesions not visible at the time of the first examination: a synchronous bladder cancer, previously not known, and a mediastinal metastasis of the primary lung cancer. This case emphasizes the importance of correct patient preparation and shows the possibility to repeat PET examination on the same day.
Régime alimentaire d’un Lacertidae Eremias olivieri (Audouin) des îles Kerkennah en Tunisie

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The seasonal and local variations of the diet of the lizard Eremias olivieri (Lacertidae) were studied on the Kerkennah islands, off the coast of Tunisia. A total of 247 stomach was examined. The wide range of the food items ingested, and the lack of a close relationship between the size of the prey and that of the predator, emphasizes the dietary opportunism of Eremias olivieri. Such a diet is considered as adaptive to the scarcity of food resources of the semi-desertic environment of the Kerkennah islands.
Distribution of Imidacloprid Residues in two Sandy Soils of Portneuf (Quebec) Under Potatoes (Solanum tuberosum) Culture

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Aims: The goal of this work was to confirm the results of leaching and dissipation of the imidacloprid obtained with intact soil columns and draining lysimeters. Methodology: A study on the distribution of imidacloprid (insecticide) residual deposit was carried out on two potatoes ( Solanum tuberosum ) farms of Portneuf (Quebec). Two farms (PNF47 and PNF51) were selected. The soil was sampled once before and four to five times after imidacloprid application. Imidacloprid residues analysis was performed using HPLC. Results: The results obtained show that the average concentration of imidacloprid after application is lower or equal to the theoretically expected values. The imidacloprid was recovered in the soil 2 to 6 days after foliar application at rates varying between 23.2 to 23.6%. The heterogeneity of active
Tripping through Hoops: The Effect of Violating Compulsory Government Procedures

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Millions of Americans must navigate complex government procedures under the threat of punishment. Violating these requirements can lead to poverty traps or deepening legal system involvement. We use a field experiment to estimate the effect of failing to appear for court on subsequent legal contact. The treatments reduce failure to appear by 40 percent. Using treatment assignment to identify the causal impact of minor procedural violations, we find no effect on arrests. However, for lower-level cases, violations increase fines and fees paid by 59 percent or $79, equivalent to a high-interest loan, showing that minor procedural violations can be costly. (JEL C93, D73, K14, K41)
Translanguaging pedagogy for simultaneous biliterates struggling to read in English

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper is about implementing a translanguaging approach to teach reading skills in English with simultaneous bilinguals who speak substantial amounts of Malay and Chinese at home. This new pedagogical approach was tried out with 2nd graders in 3 schools in Singapore: instead of the typical immersion approach to teaching reading skills in English, emergent simultaneous biliterates were offered translanguaging opportunities. The goal of this 'proof of concept' was to teach vocabulary, grammar and comprehension in English through systematic and judicious use of Chinese and Malay. 14 h of video data from 3 schools was coded for interactional patterns in which the teacher and students translanguaged. The focus of this paper is on qualitatively analyzing the teacher's pedagogical strategies and individual students' responses. Translanguaging stimulated metalinguistic awareness which helped individual students notice nuances in punctuation, orthography, grammatical structures and meaning that had previously gone unnoticed. Finally this study revealed that while teaching simultaneous bilinguals/biliterates it is important for teacher training to highlight moments when translanguaging might not be required for learning the target language.
Clinical Observation of Ketamine-Propofol and Remifentanil-Propofol in Painless Colonoscopy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of the combinations of ketamine-propofol and remifentanil-propofol in painless colonoscopy.Methods 80 out-patients prepared to be examined by painless colonoscopy,ASA ASAⅠ-Ⅱ,were randomly divided into two groups(n = 40) :(1) group KP:propofol 2 mg/kg and ketamine 2 mg/kg were infused;(2) group RP:propofol 2 mg/kg and remifentanil 0.5 μg/kg were infused.Each patient should mask oxygen all the time.Propofol 1-2 mg/kg was added if there was a body dynamic response.The heart rate(HR),respiratory rate(RR),mean arterial pressure(MAP) and oxygen saturation(SpO2) were monitored at the time of before delivery(T1),after the treatment(T2),the time of colonoscopy placement(T3),check the 5 min(T4),and at the end of the inspection(T5).And the time to wake up,time to walk back as normal,the incidence of adverse reactions were recorded.Results There were no statistically significant differences in HR,RR,MAP and SpO2between the two groups(P 0.05).The time to wake up and to walk back as normal in KP group were significantly longer than those in RP group(P 0.05),and there were 8 cases agitated during the awakening period in KP group.Conclusion The combination of ketamine-propofol and remifentanil-propofol can be effective in colonoscopy,while remifentanil-propofol is more satisfying because it can reduce the occurrence of adverse reactions and shorten the recovery time.
[Japanese Society of Allergology Task Force Report on standardization of house dust mite allergen vaccines].

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The task force determined the in vivo allergenic potency (100000 JAU/ml) and Der 1 content (38.5 μg/ml) of the JSA reference HDM extract, selected the measurement of Der 1 content as the surrogate in vitro assay, and decided that manufacturers can label a HDM allergen extract as having a titer of 100000 JAU/ml if it contains 22.2-66.7 μg/ml of Der 1.
Enantioselective Cu-Catalyzed Nucleophilic Addition of Fluorinated Reagents: C–C Bond Formation for the Synthesis of Chiral Vicinal Difluorides

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Herein we described the first enantioselective Cu/sulfoxide phosphine (SOP) complex catalyzed nucleophilic addition of fluorinated enolates to gem-difluoroalkenes. The enantioenriched vicinal difluorides, containing a chiral tertiary fluoride and a fluoroalkene, were successfully afforded via C-C bond formation in good yields (up to 94% yield), high Z/E-selectivity (5:1 → 50:1 for Z-isomer), and excellent enantioselectivities (up to 98.5:1.5 er). Utility of this approach was demonstrated by modification of complex biologically active compounds.
Evaluation and Long-Term Outcomes of Cardiac Toxicity in Paediatric Cancer Patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Paediatric cancer survival rates have increased dramatically in the last 20 years. With decreased mortality comes increased long-term morbidity. Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of secondary morbidity and mortality of childhood cancer survivors. The most common chemotherapeutic agents in treatment regimens are implicated in chemotherapy-induced cardiomyopathy. The clinical presentation is rarely uniform and may manifest in symptoms besides chest pain, shortness of breath or decreased exercise tolerance. In addition to symptomatic patients, asymptomatic patients are especially important to screen as the effects of cardiac toxicity are reversible if caught early. There are new techniques more sensitive than traditional 2D echocardiography ejection fraction that may lead to earlier detection of cardiac dysfunction. Treatment methods have changed little in the recent past with the exception of miniaturization of support devices allowing for cardiac recovery or bridge to cardiac transplant.