jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Path integrals for awkward actions

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Time derivatives of scalar fields occur quadratically in textbook actions. A simple Legendre transformation turns the lagrangian into a hamiltonian that is quadratic in the momenta. The path integral over the momenta is gaussian. Mean values of operators are euclidian path integrals of their classical counterparts with positive weight functions. Monte Carlo simulations can estimate such mean values. This familiar framework falls apart when the time derivatives do not occur quadratically. The Legendre transformation becomes difficult or so intractable that one can't find the hamiltonian. Even if one finds the hamiltonian, it usually is so complicated that one can't path-integrate over the momenta and get a euclidian path integral with a positive weight function. Monte Carlo simulations don't work when the weight function assumes negative or complex values. This paper solves both problems. It shows how to make path integrals without knowing the hamiltonian. It also shows how to estimate complex path integrals by combining the Monte Carlo method with parallel numerical integration and a look-up table. This "Atlantic City method" lets one estimate the energy densities of theories that, unlike those with quadratic time derivatives, may have finite energy densities. It may lead to a theory of dark energy. The approximation of multiple integrals over weight functions that assume negative or complex values is the long-standing sign problem. The Atlantic City method solves it for problems in which numerical integration leads to a positive weight function.
COMMUNICATION STRATEGIES EXPRESSED BY INTERROGATIVE SPEECH ACTS IN THE KAZAKH LANGUAGE

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Any speech act is based on the communicative purpose of the speaker and is aimed at expressing the communicative strategy and tactics, pragmatics, and emotional and expressive point of view of the addressee. At the same time, the paper aims to determine the pragmatics of the interrogative speech act and the communicative strategies conveyed by interrogative sentences. In the course of the study, the following communicative strategies of the interrogative speech act in the Kazakh language were identified: request (exchange) of information, clarification of information, greeting, search, knowledge of another person's opinion, knowledge of someone else's intention of approval/disapproval, demonstration of one's numerous knowledge, striving for understanding, attracting attention (interest), determining the winner, request, consultation (advice), proposal, request for permission, verification, investigation, counterattack, justify, warning, refusal, accusation (reproach), ordering, forbidding, intimidation and mixed strategy. The communicative strategies used in the interrogative speech act in the Kazakh language are not limited to those listed above. Since all human language communication consists of informative, interrogative, and imperative sentences, interrogative sentences make up a quarter of these speech acts. Of course, informative offers carry a lot of weight. Nevertheless, interrogative sentences also have the great function of establishing universal language communication. The results of the study are of great scientific and practical importance in the field of pragmatics, theory of speech act, etc., which are new areas in Kazakh linguistics.
Cognitive Loads in a Distance Training for Trainee Teachers

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

How to effectively support students’ successful learning outcomes is one of the persistent problems of online and distance learning. One promising approach to this issue is to investigate the extent that learning is determined by learner characteristics and skills. This study explores the effects of domain-specific prior knowledge, intrinsic motivation, computer attitude, computer anxiety and learning management skills on learning in a distance-training course about media pedagogy for teachers. The data were collected from 127 trainee teachers who responded to various questionnaires and completed knowledge tests. We investigated whether the selected characteristics of learners could be used to model five cognitive load assessments that included ratings of content difficulty, learning ease, experienced pressure/tension, effort/importance while learning, and performing on tests. Computer anxiety and computer attitude were significant predictors of content difficulty, learning ease, and experienced pressure/tension. In addition, learning strategy usage reduced ratings of content difficulty. Effort/importance ratings were best modelled by intrinsic motivation and learning strategy usage. Performance was best predicted by prior knowledge, intrinsic motivation, and computer attitude.
Defining the International Accounting Standard Board's governance network.

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

There is little empirical research identifying the structural forces influencing the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB). The purpose of this study was to analyze the structural forces underlying international accounting regulation to contribute insights useable by the public, politicians, and scholars to conceptualize the processes of international accounting regulation. Based on stakeholder theory, legitimacy theory, and social network theory it was posited that this network is rationally created to serve certain stakeholder groups in the face of divergent stakeholder interests. The research questions for this study addressed the organizations which constituted the IASB's governance network, the professional and geographic perspectives represented, and the extent to which the governance network was structurally embedded. Social network methodology was utilized within a case study design. All data consisted of publically available existing data. Social network analysis including graphic notations, density, comembership overlap, and co-organizational overlap were employed to produce a representation of the governance network and to measure the extent to which the network was structurally embedded. To provide supplementary detail, the professional perspectives and geographic representations of the actors were measured. The results indicated that the network forms a definable hierarchy that exhibits qualities of structural embeddedness. Banking interests were more embedded within the governance network than any other professional, academic, or social group. Also, a strong Western influence was detected. The societal benefit of this effort was to engage society in general and accounting researchers in particular in hopes of encouraging diverse representation in regulatory processes with both macro and micro-consequences.
[Flow properties of blood in women on oral contraceptives (author's transl)].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Erythrocyte deformability, whole-blood viscosity, haematocrit as well as fibrinogen and plasminogen concentrations were checked in 39 clinically intact women of whom 22 had been on oral contraceptives for upto five years. Also determined were several serum proteins, such as transferrin, coeruloplasmin, alpha-2 macroglobulin, alpha-1-trypsin, beta-lipoprotein, and inactivated complement component C3. -Seventeen women with intra-uterine devices were chosen to form a control group. Proteins with sensitivity to oestrogen as well as whole-blood viscosity were found to be increased whereas erythrocyte deformability was decreased. Yet, no haemodynamic manifestation took place ot those rheological parameters, since haematocrit declined or remained constant, and no change occurred to fibrinogen and plasminogen concentrations.
Genetic variability in Seaton Park subterranean clover

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Single plants of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum) were grown from seed of 13 commercial Seaton Park seed samples and of five pastures sown to Seaton Park at least 8 years previously. Most populations had several variants of Seaton Park, though the predominant genotype was that usually considered to be the Seaton Park strain - herein differentiated as Western Australian Seaton Park (W.A.S.Pk). The original Seaton Park - from the Royal Adelaide Golf Course in South Australia - differed slightly but clearly in several characters, including some seed isozyme patterns, from W.A.S.Pk. It was present in half of the populations, but at low frequencies (1-6% of the total). One genotype (strain S) comprised 20% or more of the populations from three commercial seed samples; it contained significant levels of the oestrogenic isoflavone formononetin. The origin of W.A.S.Pk remains unclear. The present commercial strain (cv. Seaton Park) is being re-built, based on W.A.S.Pk alone.
Maternal exposure to hazardous air pollutants and oral clefts among offspring: Texas, 1999-2008

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Birth defects are a leading cause of infant mortality in the United States. About one in 33 births in the United States is diagnosed with birth defects. Common birth defects include neural tube defects, Down syndrome and oral clefts. The present study focused on oral clefts. Oral clefts refer to the malformation of lip, mouth or both. Birth prevalence of oral clefts in Texas is about 11 per 10,000 births. Etiologically, oral clefts have been classified into two groups, cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL±P) and isolated cleft palate (CP). In spite of their high prevalence and clinical significance, the etiology of oral clefts in humans has not been well understood. Though a number of risk factors have been identified in epidemiological studies, most of them do not explain the majority of the cases. The need to identify novel risk factors associated with oral clefts provided the motivation for this study. The present study focused on maternal exposure to several hazardous air pollutants. A common subgroup of hazardous air pollutants is the volatile organic compounds found in petroleum derivatives. Four important hydrocarbons in this group are benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene and xylenes (BTEX). The specific aim of this study was to evaluate the association between maternal exposure to environmental levels of BTEX and oral clefts among offspring in Texas for the period 1999-2008. A case-control study design was used to assess if maternal exposure to BTEX increased the risk of oral clefts. The Texas Birth Defects Registry provided data on cases of non-syndromic oral clefts delivered in Texas during the period 1999-2008. Census tract level maternal exposure to BTEX concentrations were obtained from the Hazardous Air Pollutant Exposure Model (HAPEM) developed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Unconditional logistic regression was used to assess the relationship between maternal exposure to BTEX levels and risk of oral clefts in offspring. In the selected population, mothers who had high estimated exposure to any of the BTEX compounds were not more likely to deliver an offspring with oral clefts. Future research efforts will focus on additional birth defects and thorough assessment of additional potential confounders.
Probing α-Helical and β-Sheet Structures of Peptides at\nSolid/Liquid Interfaces with SFG

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

We demonstrated that sum frequency generation (SFG) vibrational spectroscopy can distinguish different\nsecondary structures of proteins or peptides adsorbed at solid/liquid interfaces. The SFG spectrum for\ntachyplesin I at the polystyrene (PS)/solution interface has a fingerprint peak corresponding to the B<sub>1</sub>/B<sub>3</sub>\nmode of the antiparallel β-sheet. This peak disappeared upon the addition of dithiothreitol, which can\ndisrupt the β-sheet structure. The SFG spectrum indicative of the MSI594 α-helical structure was observed\nat the PS/MSI594 solution interface. This research validates SFG as a powerful technique for revealing\ndetailed secondary structures of interfacial proteins and peptides.
LMO-YOLO: A Ship Detection Model for Low-Resolution Optical Satellite Imagery

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

It has been observed that the existing convolutional neural network (CNN)-based ship detection models often result in high false detection rate in low-resolution optical satellite images. This problem arises from the following factors: 1) the current 8-b rescaling schemes make the images lose some important information about ships in low-resolution imagery; 2) the effective features of ships at low resolution are far fewer than those of ships at high resolution; and 3) the detection of low-resolution ships is more sensitive to object-background contrast variation. To solve these problems, a low-resolution marine object (LMO) detection YOLO model, called LMO-YOLO, is proposed in this article. First, a multiple linear rescaling scheme is developed to quantize the original satellite images into 8-b images; second, dilated convolutions are included in a YOLO network to extract object features and object-background features; finally, an adaptive weighting scheme is designed to balance the loss between easy-to-detect ships and hard-to-detect ships. The proposed method was validated by level 1 product images captured by the wide-field-of-view sensor on the GaoFen-1 satellite. The experimental results demonstrated that our method accurately detected ships from low-resolution images and outperformed state-of-the-art methods.
Exploring the Landscape of Task-Based Language Teaching (TBLT): Unveiling ESL Teachers' Perspectives

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Aim of the Study: The current study is centered on exploring the perceptions of the ESL teachers regarding the implementation of Task-Based language teaching in ESL classrooms. Methodology: This study holds a quantitative research design. The participants of the study consisted of 50 ESL Teachers. Researchers used a close-ended questionnaire to explore the perceptions of teachers about TBLT in ESL classes as well as the difficulties and obstacles teachers encountered while teaching by using the said approach. Findings and Conclusion: Findings show that TBLT promotes natural learning, generates students’ intrinsic motivation, and develops language skill development that can lead the students to accelerate their communicative competence.
Kırklareli Üniversitesi Kayalı Yerleşkesi 3. Merkezi Derslik ve Yakın Çevresi Bitkilendirme Tasarımının Kurakçıl Peyzaj Yaklaşımına Göre Değerlendirmesi

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Today, the world is warming rapidly as a result of human activities such as unplanned urbanization, use of fossil fuels, destruction of green areas, rapid and irregular industrialization. Abnormal temperature increases due to warming cause a global climate change and it is predicted that this situation will cause drought problems in some regions. For this reason, in recent years, many researches have been carried out on the protection of water resources, water recycling and optimal water use within the scope of combating drought.Urban green areas are one of the places where water is used most in urban areas. In these areas, water consumption should be reduced to an optimal level. In this context, the xeriscape approach brings different principles on vegetative design and proposes different techniques in the application phase, especially in order to save water in urban green areas. It is foreseen that the water rate used in the landscapes will be reduced with the improvements and appropriate landscape designs to be made on the basis of this understanding in the existing and to be designed landscape areas.In this study, the trees, shrubs, shrubs and ground cover plants in the 3rd Central Classroom Building of Kırklareli University Kayalı Campus and its surroundings and other artificial materials in the area were evaluated within the scope of xeriscape principles within a 3-stage method. As a result of the study, it was determined that the plant design made in the area was generally suitable for the xeriscape approach.
Si3N4 emissivity and the unidentified infrared bands

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Infrared spectroscopy of warm (about 150 to 750 K), dusty astronomical sources has revealed a structured emission spectrum which can be diagnostic of the composition, temperature, and in some cases, even size and shape of the grains giving rise to the observed emission. The identifications of silicate emission in oxygen rich objects and SiC in carbon rich object are two examples of this type of analysis. Cometary spectra at moderate resolution have similarly revealed silicate emission, tying together interstellar and interplanetary dust. However, Goebel has pointed out that some astronomical sources appear to contain a different type of dust which results in a qualitatively different spectral shape in the 8 to 13 micron region. The spectra shown make it appear unlikely that silicon nitride can be identified as the source of the 8 to 13 micron emission in either NGC 6572 or Nova Aql 1982. The similarity between the general wavelength and shape of the 10 micron emission from some silicates and that from the two forms of silicon nitride reported could allow a mix of cosmic grains which include some silicon nitride if only the 8 to 13 micron data are considered.
Longitudinal measurements of Lewis and Clark

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Roald K. Wangsness; Longitudinal measurements of Lewis and Clark. Am. J. Phys. 1 August 1987; 55 (8): 679. https://doi.org/10.1119/1.15051 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAmerican Association of Physics TeachersAmerican Journal of Physics Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Day of two suns: US nuclear testing and the Pacific Islanders

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Between 1946 and 1958, the United States conducted some 66 nuclear bomb tests in the Marshall Islands. Day of Two Suns is a shocking and timely study of the story of a displaced people contaminated by nuclear fallout, forcibly resettled as their own islands become uninhabitable, and reduced to lives of poverty, ill-health, and dependence. It is also a stirring account of the Marshall Islanders themselves-their resilience and protests and attempts to seek redress in the courts.
Path Tracking Methods Employed in Lane Centering Systems

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, a simulation environment with lane detection system emulator has been developed in order to compare the performance of path tracking methods. Path tracking problem is handled in local coordinate frame employing the lane detection system emulator outputs. By performing this environment, a detailed and proper comparison of geometric and model based path tracking methods, mostly used in the literature, are executed with respect to different speeds and road curvatures. The performance results show that the compared path tracking methods do not work well enough for all the determined performance criteria and the methods have complementary features. These complementary features show that path tracking methods can be employed in a hybrid structure to achieve a generally better performance results for the speed range (0–130 [km/h]) where autonomous driving is enabled. In addition, the obtained simulation results reveal the necessity of adaptive adjustment of the gain parameters of the path tracking methods with respect to the road curvature and vehicle speed.
Improving Motor Imagery Based Brain Computer Interfaces Using A Novel Physical Feedback Technique

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this project, and through an understanding of neuronal system communication, A novel model serves as an assistive technology for locked-in people suffering from Motor neuronal disease (MND) is proposed. Work was done upon the potential of brain wave activity patterns to be detected as electrical signals, classified and translated into commands following Brain Computer Interfaces (BCI) constructing paradigm. However, the interface constructed was for the first time a device which can reconstruct this command physically. The project novelty is in the feedback step, where an electromagnets magnetic field is used to showcase the command in ferrofluid droplets movement- these moved to assigned targets due to rotation of a glass surface desk according to the data received from the brain. The goal of this project is to address the challenges of the inaccurate performance in user-training which is yet the main issues preventing BCI from being upgraded into more applicable technology. Tests were performed based on Open ViBE software after uploading recorded files of Motor Imagery MI tasks and the design requirements tested were the motion speed of the droplet and accuracy of hitting fixed targets. An average speed of 0.469 cm/s and average accuracy of 81.6% were obtained from the best volume for the droplet. A conclusion to be drawn was that the promise of this other point of view on BCI systems to be more Brain-Real World Systems
A simple, fast, and effective heuristic for the single-machine total weighted tardiness problem

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

We consider the non-preemptive single-machine total weighted tardiness (TWT) problem with general weights, processing times, and due dates. We first develop a family of preemptive lower bounds for this problem and explore their structural properties. Then, we show that the solution corresponding to the least tight lower-bound among those investigated features some desirable properties that can be exploited to build excellent feasible solutions to the original non-preemptive problem in short computational times. We present results on standard benchmark instances from the literature.
Long-term effects of (2RS, 3RS)-paclobutrazol on vegetative and fruiting characteristics of sweet cherry spurs

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The long-term effects of an overall foliar paclobutrazol application (750 mg a. i. per tree) was tested on sweet cherry spur growth and fruiting. Leaves and fruits were counted on spurs situated on long upright shoots, during the year of treatment and in the following two years. Paclobutrazol significantly increased the mean number of leaves per spur during the three year study. It also significantly increased the number of fruits per spur on three year old spurs, whereas no differences were observed on two year old spurs. Furthermore, the chemical treatment led to a significant increase in the number of fruits per corymb at the base of one year old long shoots. Otherwise, paclobutrazol appeared to induce spur ramification in the year of treatment. The same year, these ramifications, which did not bear fruits, accounted for 16.5% of the total number of spur leaves. This phenomenon was probably due to a direct action of the chemical spray since almost no new ramifications were produced the following years. In addition to the known retardation of extension shoot growth, foliar application of paclobutrazol thus appeared effectively to enhance leaf and fruit production of the spurs, not only in the year of treatment but also during the two following years.