jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Japanese manufacturing foreign direct investment in Singapore.

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Findings from this research show that most Japanese manufacturing companies chose to invest in Singapore because they find Singapore's business environment, investment climate, infrastructure, investment incentives, and high productivity and efficiency attractive. Most of the Japanese manufacturing companies in Singapore are wholly owned subsidiaries. The degree of control over the design and quality, and price of the products manufactured were the main determinants of their choice of operation mode. It was also found that the Japanese parent companies are more likely to use Singapore as a platform to further invest in Singapore's neighbouring countries such as Malaysia and Indonesia. In addition, the two most significant impacts from the recent Asian econommic crisis were the decrease in demand from Asian and local markets.
EARLY WEANING FROM INVASIVE PRESSURE VENTILATION AMONG CRITICALLY ILL PATIENTS

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose. To review the studies comparing outcomes with early weaning from the IPV among critically ill patients. Results. 11 of the studies were randomized controlled trials, 8 were nonrandomized controlled trials and 7 were cohort studies. 16 of these studies concluded that early weaning decreases the duration of IPV, length of stay, morbidity, and mortality in the intensive care units (p<0.05). 10 of the studies showed significant differences using sedation vacation, spontaneous breathing trials, spontaneous awakening trials, and mobilization while on IPV. Conclusion. Best practices in early weaning include a sedation vacation, spontaneous breathing trials, spontaneous awakening trials, mobilization and respiratory management.
Causes and processing strategies of non-uniform technical terms in thematic papers of medical journals

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Taking Chinese Journal of Practical Surgery as an example,causes of non-uniform technical terms in thematic papers of medical journals in recent years are analyzed and the corresponding processing strategies are proposed.Making technical terms uniform in thematic papers is very important to self-scientific nature of journals,standardization of technical terms and citation of literatures in the future.
Weakly-supervised learning of visual relations

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper introduces a novel approach for modeling visual relations between pairs of objects. We call relation a triplet of the form (subject, predicate, object) where the predicate is typically a preposition (eg. 'under', 'in front of') or a verb ('hold', 'ride') that links a pair of objects (subject, object). Learning such relations is challenging as the objects have different spatial configurations and appearances depending on the relation in which they occur. Another major challenge comes from the difficulty to get annotations, especially at box-level, for all possible triplets, which makes both learning and evaluation difficult. The contributions of this paper are threefold. First, we design strong yet flexible visual features that encode the appearance and spatial configuration for pairs of objects. Second, we propose a weakly-supervised discriminative clustering model to learn relations from image-level labels only. Third we introduce a new challenging dataset of unusual relations (UnRel) together with an exhaustive annotation, that enables accurate evaluation of visual relation retrieval. We show experimentally that our model results in state-of-the-art results on the visual relationship dataset significantly improving performance on previously unseen relations (zero-shot learning), and confirm this observation on our newly introduced UnRel dataset.
How are systematic reviews of prevalence conducted? A methodological study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background: There is a notable lack of methodological and reporting guidance for systematic reviews of prevalence data. This information void has the potential to result in reviews that are inconsistent and inadequate to inform healthcare policy and decision making. The aim of this meta-epidemiological study is to describe the methodology of recently published prevalence systematic reviews. Methods: We searched MEDLINE (via PubMed) from February 2017 to February 2018 for systematic reviews of prevalence studies. We included systematic reviews assessing the prevalence of any clinical condition using patients as the unit of measurement and we summarized data related to reporting of and methodology of the reviews. Results: A total of 235 systematic reviews of prevalence were analyzed. The median number of authors was 5 (interquartile range [IQR] 4-7), the median number of databases searched was 4 (3-6) and the median of studies included in each review was 24 (IQR 15-41.5). Search strategies were presented for 68% of reviews. Forty five percent of reviews received external funding, and 24% did not provide funding information. Twenty three percent of included reviews had published or registered the systematic review protocol. Reporting guidelines were used in 72% of reviews. The quality of included studies was assessed in 80% of reviews. Twelve reviews assessed the overall quality of evidence (50% of them using GRADE). Meta-analysis was conducted in 65% of reviews; 1% used Bayesian methods. Random effect meta-analysis was used in 94% of reviews; among them, 75% did not report the variance estimator used. Among the reviews with meta-analysis, 70% did not report how data was transformed; 59% percent conducted subgroup analysis, 38% conducted meta-regression and 2% estimated prediction interval; I 2 was estimated in 95% of analysis. Publication bias was examined in 48%. The most common software used was STATA (55%). Conclusions: Our results indicate that there are significant inconsistencies regarding how these reviews are conducted. Many of these differences arose in the assessment of methodological quality and the formal synthesis of comparable data. This variability indicates the need for clearer reporting standards and consensus on methodological guidance for systematic reviews of prevalence data.
The Alternative Use Of Water Hyacinth and Reed As Attached Growth Of Microbial In Waste Water Treatment

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Aquatic plants have ability to decrease of waste water contaminant. The Water Hyacinth (Eichornia crassipes) and Reed (Imperata cylindrical) are aquatic plants which have ability to reduce concentration of BOD, TSS, COD, Total Nitrate and Total Phosphate in wetland. The other side, it can be used for media support in anaerobic treatment. Because of their abilities, there is some possibilities that Water Hyacinth and Reed can be used as attached growth of microorganisms. The aims of this study was to investigate the potential of water hyacinth and reed as attached media of microbe growth. Part of the plants are used is the trunk part. A slices of trunk is 1 cm. The analysis were conducted for 14 days with ratio 60% waste water and 40% air of reactor. Results of this study for water hyacinth that TSS decrease up to 71%. COD and Total Phosphate decrease 60%, Total Nitrate decrease 85%. While, for reed, TSS decrease up to 41%. COD decrease 56%, Total Phosphate decrease 41%. Total Nitrate decrease 10%. In conclusion, both of them had a potential as attached media of microbe growth. But, Water Hyacinth was better as media support than reed.
Amino Acids Sequence-based Analysis of Arginine Deiminase from Different Prokaryotic Organisms: An In Silico Approach

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Background: Arginine deiminase is a bacterial enzyme, which degrades L-arginine. Some human cancers such as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and melanoma are auxotrophic for arginine. Therefore, PEGylated arginine deiminase (ADI-PEG20) is a good anticancer candidate with antitumor effects. It causes local depletion of L-arginine and growth inhibition in arginineauxotrophic tumor cells. The FDA and EMA have granted orphan status to this drug. Some recently published patents have dealt with this enzyme or its PEGylated form. Objective: Due to increasing attention to it, we aimed to evaluate and compare 30 arginine deiminase proteins from different bacterial species through in silico analysis. Methods: The exploited analyses included the investigation of physicochemical properties, multiple sequence alignment (MSA), motif, superfamily, phylogenetic and 3D comparative analyses of arginine deiminase proteins thorough various bioinformatics tools. Results: The most abundant amino acid in the arginine deiminase proteins is leucine (10.13%) while the least amino acid ratio is cysteine (0.98%). Multiple sequence alignment showed 47 conserved patterns between 30 arginine deiminase amino acid sequences. The results of sequence homology among 30 different groups of arginine deiminase enzymes revealed that all the studied sequences located in amidinotransferase superfamily. Based on the phylogenetic analysis, two major clusters were identified. Considering the results of various in silico studies; we selected the five best candidates for further investigations. The 3D structures of the best five arginine deiminase proteins were generated by the I-TASSER server and PyMOL. The RAMPAGE analysis revealed that 81.4%-91.4%, of the selected sequences, were located in the favored region of arginine deiminase proteins. Conclusion: The results of this study shed light on the basic physicochemical properties of thirty major arginine deiminase sequences. The obtained data could be employed for further in vivo and clinical studies and also for developing the related therapeutic enzymes.
Nutrition Terminology

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

As with any discipline, nutrition science has its own vocabulary and terminology. This chapter gives the reader several tables providing this terminology. The rst is a table giving the conversion factors for converting the results of laboratory analysis to standard units called SI units. Many scienti c journals require the use of these units in manuscripts reporting the results of laboratory investigations. The result, or common component from clinical laboratory assessment, is given in its common form with reference interval and present unit, followed by the conversion factor that is used to convert the result into SI units, its reference intervals, signi cant digits, and suggested minimum increment. These standard units for expressing biological data are listed in Table 6.1.1Over the years, there has been some confusion over the names of the vitamins. Vitamins were named according to (a) their function; (b) their location; (c) the order in which they were discovered; or (d) combinations of a, b, or c. Some of these names became obsolete as their proposed functions or their isolated structures were found to duplicate already named and described vitamins. Obsolescence also occurred as research showed that certain of these compounds were not needed dietary factors, but were synthesized by the body in needed amounts. Table 6.2 provides a list of vitamin names (both obsolete and current), and it is hoped that the reader will nd this useful. Following this is a list (Table 6.3) of all the compounds having vitamin A activity. This is a fairly lengthy list, as this vitamin is found in a variety of foods, both of animal origin and plant origin. The body can convert these forms to its useful and most active form, all trans-retinol. These conversions are not 100% ef cient, and correction factors must be applied to determine vitamin A activity.
Bacterial contaminants of micropropagated plant cultures

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Bacterial contaminants of micropropagated plant cultures were isolated and characterized with standard bacteriological tests and appropriate API strips. Results obtained were analysed by the API identification software. Of 198 bacterial strains isolated from nine plant species, 90% were identified as Bacillus, Enterobacter, Micrococcus, Staphylococcus, Pseudomonas or Lactobacillus species. Possible sources of contamination are discussed.
Data from Subtype-Specific Metagene-Based Prediction of Outcome after Neoadjuvant and Adjuvant Treatment in Breast Cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<div>Abstract<p><b>Purpose:</b> In spite of improvements of average benefit from adjuvant/neoadjuvant treatments, there are still individual patients with early breast cancer at high risk of relapse. We explored the association with outcome of robust gene cluster–based metagenes linked to proliferation, ER-related genes, and immune response to identify those high-risk patients.</p><p><b>Experimental Design:</b> A total of 3,847 publicly available gene-expression profiles were analyzed (untreated, <i>N</i> = 826; tamoxifen-treated, <i>N</i> = 685; chemotherapy-treated, <i>N</i> = 1,150). Genes poorly performing in formalin-fixed samples were removed. Outcomes of interest were pathologic-complete response (pCR) and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS). In ER<sup>+</sup>HER2<sup>−</sup>, the proliferation and ER-related metagenes were combined to define three risk groups. In HER2<sup>+</sup> and ER<sup>−</sup>HER2<sup>−</sup> risk groups were defined by tertiles of an immune-related metagene.</p><p><b>Results:</b> The high-proliferation/low-ER group of ER<sup>+</sup>HER2<sup>−</sup> breast cancer had significantly higher pCR rate [OR, 5.01 (1.76–17.99), <i>P</i> = 0.005], but poorer outcome [HR = 3.73 (1.63–8.51), <i>P</i> = 0.0018] than the low-proliferation/high-ER. A similar association with outcome applied to patients with residual disease (RD) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (<i>P</i> = 0.01). In ER<sup>−</sup>HER2<sup>−</sup> and HER2<sup>+</sup> breast cancer, immune metagene in the high tertile was linked to higher pCR [33.7% vs. 11.6% in high and low tertile, respectively; OR, 3.87 (1.79–8.95); <i>P</i> = 0.0009]. In ER<sup>−</sup>HER2<sup>−</sup>, after adjuvant/neoadjuvant chemotherapy, 5-year DMFS was 85.4% for high-tertile immune metagene, and 43.9% for low tertile. The outcome association was similar in patients with RD (<i>P</i> = 0.0055). In HER2<sup>+</sup> breast cancer treated with chemotherapy the association with risk of relapse was not significant.</p><p><b>Conclusions:</b> We developed metagene-based predictors able to define low and high risk of relapse after adjuvant/neoadjuvant therapy. High-risk patients so defined should be preferably considered for trials with investigational agents. <i>Clin Cancer Res; 22(2); 337–45. ©2015 AACR</i>.</p></div>
Ruptured Complete Hydatidiform Mole in the Fallopian Tube

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Tubal pregnancies are common but presence of hydatidiform mole in tube is a rare entity. A woman of 53years presented with acute abdomen, preoperative pregnancy test was positive and ultrasonography suspected the case as hydatidiform mole in right tube. The patient was treated with total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy as her family was completed. Subsequent histopathological examination showed ruptured complete hydatidiform mole in right tube. Postoperative period was uneventful with normalization of β-HCG titer within two weeks.
Supplementary Figure S2 from PTK6 Potentiates Gemcitabine-Induced Apoptosis by Prolonging S-phase and Enhancing DNA Damage in Pancreatic Cancer

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

<p>Supplementary Figure S2. Effect of Caspase-8 gene silencing on PTK6 mediated apoptosis. Apoptotic markers at 96 hours after gemcitabine treatment were decreased by gene-silencing of Caspase-8 in Panc1PTK6.</p>
Application of Fe2O3/ZrO2 loaded polyhedron ball on photocatalytic degradation of diesel pollutants in seawater under visible light

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Fe2O3/ZrO2 nanocomposite photocatalyst was successfully prepared by coprecipitation method for the degradation of diesel pollutants in seawater under visible light. The effects of doping ratio, calcination temperature, photocatalyst dosage, initial diesel concentration, H2O2 concentration, and reaction time on the photocatalytic removal efficiency were investigated. Moreover, the optimal conditions for Fe2O3/ZrO2 nanocomposite photocatalyst to degrade marine diesel pollution were determined. The removal efficiency of diesel by nanocomposite photocatalyst could reach 97.03%. A photocatalyst-loaded polypropylene polyhedral ball was prepared, and the removal efficiency of diesel by photocatalyst-loaded polypropylene polyhedral ball decreased from 99.35 to 68.84% after four recycling cycles.
Pengembangan LKPD Berbasis STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics) pada Materi Termodinamika

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This research aims to determine the feasibility and practicality of STEM-based LKPD learning media products on thermodynamics material as a medium that makes it easier for students to study thermodynamics material. The instrument used in the research is a feasibility and practicality questionnaire which will be given by material and media experts and given to teachers in the field of physics and students in class XI IPA 2 MAS Syamsuddhuha. This development research method refers to Research and Development (R&D) with the ADDIE model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation and Evaluation). The research results showed that experts in the media field gave a feasibility assessment of 92.3% with a very feasible category, experts in the material field gave an assessment of 88.6% with a feasible category and teacher responses gave an assessment of 86% with a very practical percentage. The results of small-scale product trials gave an assessment of 86.9% in the very practical category and the results of large-scale product trials gave an assessment of 84% in the very practical category.
Sustainable Economic Growth in Vietnam: Exploring Resilience, Global Integration, and Innovation in a Changing Landscape

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This article reviews the economic trajectory of Vietnam in light of sustainability, innovation, and global integration. In this context, a survey of 279 company managers from 120 small, medium, and large enterprises in Vietnam has been used to analyze some of the key variables that influence the economic landscape. The survey was done on the Google Forms platform, including companies from both the local and international levels. Our study sheds light on the important functions of innovation and global integration with regard to promoting sustainable development. We investigate the influence of FDI and international trade agreements on the economy of Vietnam by identifying such factors as resource management and competitive compliance. The findings show large obstacles and opportunities for improvement in innovation and sustainability. These include building full policy frameworks, incentives in innovative practices, and strengthening global integration. The findings from this research contribute to informed understanding and position implications that may be useful for academics, policymakers, and business leaders in how Vietnam can address its economic challenges while furthering sustainability and innovation.
Russian Arctic Battles Pipeline Leak

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

An estimated 100,000 barrels of oil have leaked from a corroded pipeline in northern Russia`s Komi Republic since last August. The oil threatens salmon fisheries and marshlands used for grazing cattle and raindeer. This article discusses the spill in relation to other large spills and the possible ecological damage. Russian authorities, first reluctant to come to grips with the spill, are changing their attitudes, a position essential to gaining access to threatened regions for important monitoring studies.
Table_4_Identification of Candidate Genes for Self-Compatibility in Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.).xlsx

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

<p>Self-incompatibility (SI) is a genetic mechanism preventing self-pollination in ~40% of plant species. Two multiallelic loci, called S and Z, control the gametophytic SI system of the grass family (Poaceae), which contains all major forage grasses. Loci independent from S and Z have been reported to disrupt SI and lead to self-compatibility (SC). A locus causing SC in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) was previously mapped on linkage group (LG) 5 in an F<sub>2</sub> population segregating for SC. Using a subset of the same population (n = 68), we first performed low-resolution quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping to exclude the presence of additional, previously undetected contributors to SC. The previously reported QTL on LG 5 explained 38.4% of the phenotypic variation, and no significant contribution from other genomic regions was found. This was verified by the presence of significantly distorted markers in the region overlapping with the QTL. Second, we fine mapped the QTL to 0.26 centimorgan (cM) using additional 2,056 plants and 23 novel sequence-based markers. Using Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) genome assembly as a reference, the markers flanking SC were estimated to span a ~3 Mb region encoding for 57 predicted genes. Among these, seven genes were proposed as relevant candidate genes based on their annotation and function described in previous studies. Our study is a step forward to identify SC genes in forage grasses and provides diagnostic markers for marker-assisted introgression of SC into elite germplasm.</p>
High-Resolution Line Scan Diffusion Tensor MR Imaging of White Matter Fiber Tract Anatomy

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: MR diffusion tensor imaging permits detailed visualization of white matter fiber tracts. This technique, unlike T2-weighted imaging, also provides information about fiber direction. We present findings of normal white matter fiber tract anatomy at high resolution obtained by using line scan diffusion tensor imaging. METHODS: Diffusion tensor images in axial, coronal, and sagittal sections covering the entire brain volume were obtained with line scan diffusion imaging in six healthy volunteers. Images were acquired for b factors 5 and 1000 s/mm(2) at an imaging resolution of 1.7 × 1.7 × 4 mm. For selected regions, images were obtained at a reduced field of view with a spatial resolution of 0.9 × 0.9 × 3 mm. For each pixel, the direction of maximum diffusivity was computed and used to display the course of white matter fibers. RESULTS: Fiber directions derived from diffusion tensor imaging were consistent with known white matter fiber anatomy. The principal fiber tracts were well observed in all cases. The tracts that were visualized included the following: the arcuate fasciculus; superior and inferior longitudinal fasciculus; uncinate fasciculus; cingulum; external and extreme capsule; internal capsule; corona radiata; auditory and optic radiation; anterior commissure; corpus callosum; pyramidal tract; gracile and cuneatus fasciculus; medial longitudinal fasciculus; rubrospinal, tectospinal, central tegmental, and dorsal trigeminothalamic tract; superior, inferior, and middle cerebellar peduncle; pallidonigral and strionigral fibers; and root fibers of the oculomotor and trigeminal nerve. CONCLUSION: We obtained a complete set of detailed white matter fiber anatomy maps of the normal brain by means of line scan diffusion tensor imaging at high resolution. Near large bone structures, line scan produces images with minimal susceptibility artifacts.