jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The ideas of "predestination" and "election" in Pauline thought

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

It is a matter of fact that Paul uses in his letters the ideas, and also the terminology of "predestination" and "election". This study tries to answer the question of how Paul used the terms which belong to this semantic-field, and where he incorporated them in his thought. Therefore, our study is mainly an exegetical one. It interprets texts from several letters, like the texts from Rom 1.1-7; 8.28-30; lCor 1.20-31 etc. In a final chapter we will also interpret those texts from Rom 9-11 which contain this idea, and which use first of all the terms that belong to our theme. However, we found the texts with the help of a concordance by looking up verbs like ÏÎ±Î»Î­Ï, or ÏÏÎ¯Î¶Ï, and by taking into account nouns like ÏÎ»Î®ÏÎ¹Ï, and Î­ÏÎ»Î¿Î³Î®. The texts are all interpreted in a contextual verse-by-verse exegesis, and with the help ot the usual methods of contemporary New Testament interpretation. Already the way we arranged our texts in the "Table of Contents" is a first outcome and result of our exegetical work. We arranged them according to the overall-themes in which the texts appeared, that contained this terminology, which was either the context of "proem", and "prescript"; or the context of "consolation", and "exhortation"; and the problem of the believing Gentiles, and the unbelieving Jews. Finally, on the basis of our interpretation of these texts, we attempt to gain new insight into this theological topic by relating them to the question of "ecclesiology". The author is convinced that only a new understanding of the church will bring forth a new, and strengthened understanding at the ideas of "predestination" and "election" which can be made fruitful for our work in the church of today.
Olympic Dances by John Harbison, a Lecture Recital together with Three Recitals of Selected Works of D. Holsinger, P. Granger, K. Husa, B. Rands, R. Vaughan Williams, and Others

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

John Harbison's Olympic Dances was composed in 1996 and premiered in February 1997. The work was written as a piano score before it was orchestrated for a wind ensemble of 25 winds and two percussionists.The first section of the paper focuses on the various influences that have affected Harbison's compositional style. The composer's educational background includes several prominent teachers whose instruction had great impressions. Special emphasis is placed on those characteristics of Harbison's style that are most prominent in the work with which this paper is concerned, Olympic Dances. Olympic Dances was commissioned by the College Band Directors National Association and premiered at the CBDNA Twenty-ninth National Conference in Athens, Georgia, in a collaborative performance of the University of North Texas Wind Symphony and Pilobolus Dance Theatre. The second part of the paper presents an historical overview of CBDNA commissioning projects along with a summary of the genesis of the commissioning of Olympic Dances. The primary focus of the study appears in the third section of the paper. An analysis of the four movements of Olympic Dances is presented with attention to the objective elements of harmonic and melodic structures along with a focus on orchestration and scoring. This section considers the composer's thoughts on aesthetic concerns, suggested through his written program notes, and elucidated by way of an interview with the author. Special performance concerns related to rehearsal and conducting conclude this chapter. The paper also includes a transcription of the author's interview with John Harbison, a bibliography and a select discography of recent recordings of his works that are currently available.
Inhibition of Glycolysis Alleviates Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress Induced Neuroinflammation and Depression-like Behavior

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Background: Growing evidence suggests that glucose metabolism plays a crucial role in activated immune cells, significantly contributing to the occurrence and development of neuroinflammation and depression-like behaviors. Chronic stress has been reported to induce microglia activation and disturbances in glucose metabolism in the hippocampus. Aims: This study aims to investigate how chronic stress-mediated glycolysis promotes neuroinflammation and to assess the therapeutic potential of the glycolysis inhibitor, 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG), in a model of chronic stress-induced neuroinflammation and depression-like behavior. Methods: In in vitro studies, we first explored the effects of 2-DG on the inflammatory response of microglia cells. The results showed that corticosterone (Cort) induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, increased glycolysis, and promoted the release of inflammatory mediators. However, these effects were reversed by intervention with 2-DG. Subsequently, we examined changes in depression-like behavior and hippocampal glycolysis in mice during chronic stress. The results indicated that chronic stress led to prolonged escape latency in the Morris water maze, increased platform-crossing frequency, reduced sucrose preference index, and extended immobility time in the forced swim test, all of which are indicative of depression-like behavior in mice. Additionally, we found that the expression of the key glycolytic enzyme hexokinase 2 (HK2) was upregulated in the hippocampus of stressed mice, along with an increased release of inflammatory factors. Further in vivo experiments investigated the effects of 2-DG on glycolysis and pro-inflammatory mediator production, as well as the therapeutic effects of 2-DG on chronic stress-induced depression-like behavior in mice. The results showed that 2-DG alleviated chronic stress-induced depression-like behaviors, such as improving escape latency and platform-crossing frequency in the Morris water maze, and increasing the time spent in the center of the open field. Additionally, 2-DG intervention reduced the level of glycolysis in the hippocampus and decreased the release of pro-inflammatory mediators. Conclusions: These findings suggest that 2-DG can mitigate neuroinflammation and depressive behaviors by inhibiting glycolysis and inflammatory responses. Overall, our results highlight the potential of 2-DG as a therapeutic agent for alleviating chronic stress-induced neuroinflammation through the regulation of glycolysis.
Multikultural pada Arsitektur Masjid Agung Purboyo di Sidoarjo

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Multiculturalism is the result of a combination of two or more cultural elements that unite and produce a certain cultural result that is somewhat unique (as a result of mixing the two cultures). One of the Islamic religious values that entered and merged into Javanese culture can be seen from the architectural forms of mosques, especially old (ancient) mosques such as the Great Purboyo Mosque which have their own historical value. This article aims to analyze the elements of Islamic and Javanese values in the Purboyo Grand Mosque which can blend and merge very well and have been maintained until today's modern era. This study uses historical methods with an anthropological approach and uses John William Bennet's theory of cultural adaptation as a surgical tool. The results of this study prove that the Great Purboyo Mosque is a historic mosque in Suwaluh Village and has acculturation between Islamic values and Javanese culture which can be seen from the shape of the building (architecture) of the mosque, which is the most prominent form of overlapping terraced roofs (Javanese elements) and calligraphy ornaments. on the gate and part of the mosque wall (Islamic value).
Características de la hipoacusia en pacientes con variantes del gen COL2A1 (Síndrome de stickler tipo 1)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Stickler syndrome type 1 (STL1) is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder, which affects the connective tissue. It is characterized by ocular, orofacial, skeletal, and auditory abnormalities. The aim of our study was to determine the variability of the auditory phenotype associated with pathogenic variants of the COL2A1 gene and its impact on long-term treatment and follow-up. Patients and Methods: a retrospective observational study was conducted on patients with STL1 treated between 2018 and 2024 at the Otorhinolaryngology Department of the Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital. The electronic medical records were reviewed to gather family history, age, sex, genetic variant of STL1, audiological test data, associated clinical manifestations, radiological tests, and treatment. Results: Over the study period, 8 patients were identified with STL1, including 6 probands ad 2 familial cases. Six of 8 patients showed hearing loss (75%), ranging in severity from moderate-severe (n=1) to severe (n=3) and profound (n=2). In 4 cases (66.7%), were neurosensory, in 1 conductive (16.7%), and in another (16.7%) mixed. Only one patient required a cochlear implant with good progress regarding language comprehension. Conclusion: Our study suggests that hearing loss in patients with STL1 is a common finding, predominantly sensorineural in nature and of variable intensity.
A revision of the genus Sciuro-hypnum (Brachytheciaceae, Bryophyta) in Russia

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

INTRODUCTIONThe genus Sciuro-hypnum was segregated from Brachythecium by Ignatov & Huttunen (2002).Previously, the species of the genus were placed in Brachythecium in two sections: sect.Reflexa and sect.Plumosa (Brotherus, 1925; Nyholm, 1965, etc.).Species of Sciuro-hypnum differ from species of Brachythecium in the mostly small size of plants, almost always autoicous sex-ual condition (except S. latifolium, S. flotowianum), and rough seta.Among species of Brachythecium, the combination of autoicous sexual condition with rough seta is very rare in Russia and is known only in B. rutabulum and in some populations of B. campestre.The present paper is based on revision of herbarium materials from the main Russian herbaria (IRK, LE, MHA, MW, SASY, VLA).A discus-
Antiangiogenic scheduling of lower dose cancer chemotherapy.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Cancer chemotherapy utilized at maximum tolerated, toxic doses, rarely results in sustained total tumor eradication, with patients ultimately failing a variety of chemotherapeutic regimens. If tumors respond, the constituent cancer cells acquire resistance to chemotherapeutic agents, largely due to tremendous genetic instability. Changing the target of these agents to the tumor's proliferating microvasculature, a more genetically stable cell, may provide important therapeutic advantages. Modifying the cyclic schedule and high doses of chemotherapeutic agents to a continuous, lower dose, "metronomic" regimen increases the efficacy of targeting the tumor microvasculature, and produces therapeutic activity with decreased toxicity. Preclinically, the antiangiogenic properties of continuous, lower-dose chemotherapy can be further enhanced by the concurrent administration of a selective angiogenesis inhibitor. Because the target is not exclusively the tumor cell, this antiangiogenic combination strategy provides the opportunity to delay or possibly avoid acquired resistance. Preclinical and clinical observations provide a basis for treating cancer as a chronic disease, using protracted, continuous dosing. Because appropriate chemotherapeutic agents and commercially available compounds that inhibit angiogenesis are readily available, it would be beneficial to initiate clinical trials to evaluate the antiangiogenic scheduling of chemotherapy expeditiously.
THE LOCATION OF RANGING CUES IN WREN SONG: EVIDENCE FROM CALIBRATED INTERACTIVE PLAYBACK EXPERIMENTS

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Many species of songbirds appear to monitor the distance to conspecifics by attending to songs received from them (ranging). Features of the habitat-induced degradation of the song seem to provide the ranging cues. This study investigates where, in a received, degraded song, the cues used for ranging lie; in the song elements, in the inter-element pauses or both. Examples of undegraded and degraded wren Troglodytes troglodytes song were cut into element and pause portions which were reassembled into four treatment types; two where the degradation between elements and pauses was concordant and two where either elements or pauses were degraded. These were played back at the boundaries of wren territories. The experiment was calibrated by measuring the degradation of the received playback songs and re-categorizing the trials into treatment types accordingly. Wrens responded to undegraded song by aggressively approaching and to degraded song with a less intense approach and an increase in perch height. When the level of degradation within the different song portions was concordant, subjects' responses were as expected from a wren ranging an intruder (undegraded) or a distant conspecific (degraded). When only the pauses were derived from a degraded song the behaviour closely resembled a wren ranging a distant rival, however the signal with only degraded elements elicited a response of intermediate intensity. We conclude that wrens seem able to adjust their response relative to degradation cues in either the elements or the pauses of degraded songs. In addition, the pause degradation seems to offer cues that can be used independently of element degradation, whereas element degradation needs the congruity of cues within the pauses to evoke a response equivalent to that elicited by the degraded song.
A dynamic radio channel assignment considering data packet length and channel quality

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We propose a dynamic assignment method of radio channels using their qualities and data packet sizes. In this method, a high quality channel is assigned for long packets and a low quality channel is assigned for short packets. Assuming a packet transfer method based on PHS (Personal Handy System) procedure, the transfer speed and delay characteristics are investigated by computer simulation and compared with conventional method (i.e. random assignment). Both the transfer speed characteristics and delay performance are improved under light traffic load.
Developmental and mechanical roles of Reichert's membrane in mouse embryos

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Embryonic development and growth in placental mammals proceeds in utero with the support of exchanges of gases, nutrients and waste products between maternal tissues and offspring. Murine embryos are surrounded by several extraembryonic membranes, parietal and visceral yolk sacs, and amnion in the uterus. Notably, the parietal yolk sac is the most outer membrane, consists of three layers, trophoblasts and parietal endoderm (PaE) cells, and is separated by a thick basal lamina termed Reichert's membrane (RM). RM is composed of extracellular matrix (ECM) initially formed as the basement membrane of the trophectoderm of pre-implanted embryos and followed by the heavy deposition of ECM mainly produced in PaE cells of post-implanted embryos. In addition to the physiological roles of RM, such as gas and nutrient exchange, it also plays a crucial role in cushioning and dispersing intrauterine pressures exerted on embryos for normal egg-cylinder morphogenesis. Mechanistically, such intrauterine pressures generated by uterine smooth muscle contractions appear to be involved in the elongation of the egg-cylinder shape, along with primary axis formation, as an important biomechanical element in utero . This review focuses on our current views of the roles of RM in properly buffering intrauterine mechanical forces for mouse egg-cylinder morphogenesis. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Extraembryonic tissues: exploring concepts, definitions and functions across the animal kingdom’.
Extraction of protein from skim natural rubber latex using PEG as a surfactant via low speed centrifugation and continuous flow

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

ABSTRACT Protein extractions from skim natural rubber latex using 3 %w/v polyethylene glycol (PEG6000) via both low speed centrifugation and continuous flow were investigated. In centrifugal extraction, when the speed was 1000 rpm, the extractable protein (EP) content in serum increased with processing time from 5 to 30 min and when the time was fixed at 5 min, EP content increased with centrifugal speed. In addition, further washing deproteinized chips with 2 %w/v SDS solution could remove proteins with efficiencies corresponding to the efficiencies of protein removals in latex phase, implying the role of PEG in protein reduction in both steps. In continuous flow extraction, EP content increased with increasing Reynolds number or increasing mean residence time of the flow to a maximum and then dropped. The efficiencies of the centrifugal extraction and continuous flow extraction were 55.2 and 33.7%, respectively. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131 , 39900.
New bioactive secondary metabolites from fungi: 2024

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Fungi have been recognised as a prolific source of structurally unique secondary metabolites with promising pharmacological properties. This review comprehensively summarises the chemical architectures, bioactivities, and research strategies for new fungal-derived natural products, focusing on representative studies published in 2024. A total of 907 novel fungal-derived compounds are systematically cataloged (isomers are also contained in the total count), including 284 polyketides, 362 terpenoids, 28 steroids, 108 alkaloids, 75 peptides, and 50 glycosides, while highlighting cutting-edge methodologies such as metabolomics-guided discovery platforms and biosynthetic pathway engineering. By establishing connections between chemical novelty and therapeutic value, this review not only provides strategic guidance for fungal chemical diversity exploration but also illuminates their transformative potential in overcoming drug discovery bottlenecks.
An Experimental Study of Comfortable Pitch and Loudness with Target Matching: Effects on Electroglottographic and Acoustic Measures

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This study was designed to examine comfort levels of pitch and loudness with target matching and their effects on electroglottographic (EGG) and acoustic measures. Twelve speakers, six males and six females, were instructed to produce /a/ sustained vowel for three seconds at a comfortable pitch and loudness level without any instruction and with a target matching procedure of either a certain f0 or SPL separately with visual and auditory feedback. The range of pitch for females and males were presented by progressing up and down randomly at intervals of 5Hz from 150 Hz to 310 Hz (total 33 frequency targets) and from 85 Hz to 190 Hz (total 22 frequency targets), respectively. The loudness levels were 65, 75, 85, 95 dB (total of four intensity targets) for both males and females. Subjective estimations of comfortable levels were obtained using a 10-point equal-appearing interval rating scale following each phonation. The results showed that males and females demonstrated similar trends in loudness levels with greatest comfort at 75 dB, whereas pitch comfort ratings showed a greater variability with females having a wider range with target matching. In the comfort levels of individuals, most male and female speakers rated higher comfort at soft, rather than loud phonations. On the other hand, most male speakers perceived highest comfort levels below the comfort pitch levels they phonated under natural conditions. Higher frequency ranges, however, were perceived to be more comfortable than those of natural condition in most female speakers, although the comfortable pitch levels in spontaneous phonations were within the comfort level ranges determined by targeted phonations. When comparing acoustic (%jitter, %shimmer, SNR) and EGG measures (CQ%) between spontaneous comfortable phonations and targeted phonations produced by the same subject at similar f0 and intensity, no significant differences were observed (p>0.05). Thus, target matching procedures may be considered a compatible and alternative method to reduce the variability of comfortable pitch and loudness levels by eliciting consistent comfortable phonations.
Extracurricular activities: Do they affect academic performance?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore and answer two research questions: 1) How do extracurricular activities affect student academic performance? 2) Are extracurricular activities an essential component in the overall development of youth? My research addressing these questions was based on the works of a variety of individuals, namely Gholson, Sweet, Fisher, Winne, Walsh, York, Clark, Frith, and Edlind. These individuals propose that extracurricular activities provide a valuable service to the development of youth both physically and academically. I chose to look into the effects of extracurricular activities because of its relevance and importance to the education of the nation's youth. "Those organizations and activities which have historically been considered extracurricular appear to have significant and lasting value as one moves beyond formal classroom experiences" (Gholson, 1985). This . idea points to an unseen and often overlooked arena of education that will provide essential tools for the future of the nation's youth. This study took place in a suburban 4A high school located in the Pacific Northwest. The participants were freshmen and sophomores, ranging from 14 to 16 years of age respectively. Data was collected in the classroom and at administrative offices. This data was collected through a variety of methodological approaches, namely observations, written surveys, and formal interviews. In order to protect the participants' rights to privacy and anonymity, I have provided pseudonyms for all of the participants in this .study. After collecting, compiling, and organizing all of the data, which entailed observations, interviews, surveys, and field notes, I found that an overall pattern was emerging. This pattern revealed that participation in extracurricular activities did help promote student academic performance. A study of extracurricular activities by the Office of Educational Research and Improvement reported that students participating in extracurricular activities received higher marks than those of non participants (Sweet, 1986). Also, these extracurricular activities provided a valuable stepping stone in the development of youth both academically and physically, providing evidence that there exists a relationship between active students and increased academic performances (McNamara, Haensley, Lupkowske, and Edlind, 1985).
Triangulations of cosmological polytopes

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

A cosmological polytope is defined for a given Feynman diagram, and its canonical form may be used to compute the contribution of the Feynman diagram to the wavefunction of certain cosmological models. Given a subdivision of a polytope, its canonical form is obtained as a sum of the canonical forms of the facets of the subdivision. In this paper, we identify such formulas for the canonical form via algebraic techniques. It is shown that the toric ideal of every cosmological polytope admits a Gröbner basis with a squarefree initial ideal, yielding a regular unimodular triangulation of the polytope. In specific instances, including trees and cycles, we recover graphical characterizations of the facets of such triangulations that may be used to compute the desired canonical form. For paths and cycles, these characterizations admit simple enumeration. Hence, we obtain formulas for the normalized volume of these polytopes, extending previous observations of Kühne and Monin.