jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
CD47-SIRPα: A Pivotal Signaling Pathway for Targeting Immunotherapy in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract: Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) remains a major oncologic challenge with high mortality. The CD47-SIRPα pathway is critical for tumor immune escape by mediating “don't eat me” signaling. Despite progress, the specific mechanism of action of this pathway in NSCLC remains unclear, and the specific role of the CD47-signal in regulating immune escape needs to be further explored. This paper comprehensively analyzes the latest research progress on the CD47-SIRPα signaling pathway in NSCLC, as well as the challenges of CD47-SIRPα as a potential therapeutic target.
Unsur 9M dalam Kepemimpinan, Keorganisasian dan Kemasyarakatan sebagai Pengembangan dari Unsur 5M Manajemen

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The 9M element which consists of Man, Material, Money, Media, Methode, Mission, Mapping, Moral and Movement as one of the elements used in the leadership, organizational and social processes is the development of the 5M Management Element (Man, Method, Material, Money and Machine). This 9M element is related to the sustainability process of leadership, organization and society which must know 9 main elements in mobilizing the organization and the community so that it can be practical and systematic. This development is based on literature study research, through taking data from several reliable sources or references and across literacy. This research aims to: 1) develop the 9M Element in leadership, organization and society as the development of the 5M Element of Management, and 2) as the 9 elements used as principles in leadership, organization and society. Whereas, for the object of this research is the development of the 5M Management Element which was developed into the 9M Element in leadership, organization and society. So, this 9M element is able to: 1) This 9M element can develop and adapt to leadership, organization and society, and 2) This 9M element can be used as one of the principles in leadership, organization and society. Thus, this 9M Element can be a basic element that should be learned in the planning and implementation of leadership, organization and society.
Genetic and non-genetic factors affecting rabbit doe sexual receptivity as estimated from one generation of divergent selection

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

<p>Sexual receptivity of rabbit does at insemination greatly influences fertility and is generally induced by hormones or techniques known as “biostimulation”. Searching for more sustainable farming systems, an original alternative would be to utilise the genetic pathway to increase the does’receptivity. The purpose of the present study was to identify genetic and non-genetic factors that influence rabbit doe sexual receptivity, in the context of a divergent selection experiment over 1 generation. The experiment spanned 2 generations: the founder generation (G0) consisting of 140 rabbit does, and the G1 generation comprising 2 divergently selected lines (L and H lines) with 70 does each and 2 successive batches from each generation. The selection rate of the G0 females to form the G1 lines was 24/140. The selection tests consisted of 16 to 18 successive receptivity tests at the rate of 3 tests per week. On the basis of 4716 tests from 275 females, the average receptivity was 56.6±48.2%. A batch effect and a test operator effect were revealed. The contribution of females to the total variance was 20.0%, whereas that of bucks was only 1.1%. Throughout the experiment, 18.2% of does expressed a low receptivity (&lt; 34%), 50.7% a medium one and 33.1% a high one (&gt;66%). Some does were frequently receptive, whereas others were rarely receptive. The repeatability of sexual receptivity was approximately 20%. The results confirmed the high variability of sexual receptivity of non-lactating rabbit does maintained without any biostimulation or hormonal treatment. A lack of selection response on receptivity was observed. Accordingly, the heritability of receptivity was estimated at 0.01±0.02 from an animal model and at 0.02±0.03 from a sire and dam model. The heritability of the average receptivity of a doe was calculated as 0.04. In agreement with the low estimated heritability, the heritability determined was no different from zero. Nevertheless, the occurrence of pseudopregnancies due to uncontrolled ovulations and the presence of corpora lutea, as assessed by progesterone titrations, could have interfered with receptivity. Further studies would be necessary to confirm the low heritability of female rabbit receptivity.</p>
Patient Empowerment: An Effective Strategy to Improve Management of GDM

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: GDM is a public health issue, affecting mostly the South East Asian region, as well in Bangladesh (prevalence 9.7% - 12.9%). It has a significant adverse impact on maternal and foetal outcome. So it needs to be addressed energetically to avoid maternal and foetal morbidity and mortality. Also it will contribute a lot to the pool of Type II Diabetes as substantial number of GDM mother and their offspring may develop type II DM in near future. Self-management of GDM is well-known globally but there is still lacking in adequate handling of diabetes by the patients themselves. Nevertheless the lacking can be minimized through ‘Patient Empowerment’ by clear understanding of the disease and its consequences along with intense learning, training, monitoring and evaluation of the clients involved. Also it will help in emotional stability of the client which is an essential component of diabetes management during pregnancy. The innovative strategy may contribute significantly in GDM management at low cost in a resource constraint setting. Objective: To find the effectiveness of ‘patient empowerment’ promoting better self-management of GDM. Methodology: This quasi experimental study was done on 96 cases (48 in each group) by purposive sampling technique at Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College Hospital (ShSMC) as study group & Rajshahi Medical College Hospital (RMCH) as control group, from August 2012 – August 2015. Both group were matched of age, parity, education and income. Ethical clearance was taken from ethical committee of both ShSMC and RMCH Result: In the study group good glycemic control achieved with diet & exercise (75%) and Insulin required in only 25% cases, while in control group Insulin given in 75% cases. In the study group NVD (67%) were more than control group (33.3%). There were no obstructed labour in study group but control group (12.50%). Majority of the study group (74.6%) had no or minimum antenatal complication, in comparison to control group (74.66%). Regarding Neonatal outcome, neonatal resuscitation required none in study group but 12 (25%) in control group. So, overall adverse outcome observed less in study group than control group Conclusion: Patient empowerment can be an effective tool to manage GDM cases with an outcome of good control of blood sugar; less antenatal, intrapartum and post natal complications, good foetal and neonatal outcome and low requirement of insulin. J Shaheed Suhrawardy Med Coll, December 2018, Vol.10(2); 91-94
Observation on efficacy of aidi injection combined with chemotherapy in treating patients with colon carcinoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect,adverse reaction and effect on immunity of chemotherapy combined Aidi injection with those of chemotherapy alone in treating patients with colon carcinoma.Methods62 cases of colon carcinoma have been chosen and randomly divided into two groups:Aidi injection integration chemotherapy group(32cases)and only chemotherapy group(30 cases).After four successive weeks of treatment,clinical effect,adverse reaction and the immune function were observed.ResultsThe effective rate in the treated group and the control group was 43.7%and 33.3%respectively,with insignificant difference between the two groups(P0.05).But the adverse reaction and change of immunity in the treated group were all lower than those in the control group with significance(P0.05),and the improvement in Karnofsky scores in the former was higher than that in the latter(P0.05).ConclusionChemotherapy supplemented with Aidi injection shows apparent effect in treating patients with colon carcinoma,it could lower the influence on immunity and adverse reaction of chemotherapy,and improve the life quality of patients.
Food Security Concerns, Climate Change, and Sea Level Rise in Coastal Cameroon

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Food security is a major public health priority in Cameroon, amidst climate change and sea level rise (CC/SLR), vis-à-vis the ever-increasing population growth with associated challenges. CC/SLR, singly or combine, is well known to have severe impacts on agricultural productivity, food security, socioeconomic activities and ecosystem (environment, plant and animal) health systems in coastal areas. They contribute to natural disasters including erosion, flooding, inundation of coastal lowlands, and saltwater intrusion, altogether reducing agricultural productivity. Additionally, these disasters provoke adverse animal, human, and environmental health implications; reduction in tourism; and potential close of some socioeconomic activities that constitute secondary (after agriculture), or main source of livelihood/income for many coastal indigents. Although there are inadequate reports on the impacts of CC/SLR, preliminary reports point to negative effects on crop production and socioeconomic activities in coastal Cameroon. This chapter highlights the susceptibility of coastal Cameroon agriculture and socioeconomic activities to CC/SLR. Furthermore, it has propose agricultural (CC/SLR and non-climatic) and educational intervention socioeconomic strategies for the mitigation and adaptation to CC/SLR and for sustainable agricultural productivity in coastal Cameroon. The proposed strategies may provide a small contribution toward a wider multi-stakeholder pool of strategies and which, when applied, may enhance food security in coastal Cameroon amidst CC/SLR and promote socioeconomic and touristic activities while reducing negative implications on animal, plant, human, and environmental health.
Waste-to-Energy A study on Reaction Kinetics of Tropical Wood Sawdust

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

The reaction kinetics of Iroko and Mahogany were studied using TGA. The pyrolysis process was achieved using six different heating rates of 2,5,8,12,15 and 20˚C. A 15˚C/min heating rate was used for gasification in steam at different temperatures while varying the concentrations of nitrogen and steam in the process. The kinetic parameters, activation energy and pre exponential factor, were obtained by implementing two chosen kinetic models. These models are: Friedman’s Iso-conversional Method, Flynn-Wall-Ozawa Method (FWO). There were substantial differences in the values of the kinetic triplets found from the experiments. Due to the substantial differences in the values, it was not the best way to perform this kind of analysis (which is the traditional way) but instead to use pure regression analysis; but using it for the whole data set (that means for all heating rates) and minimize the difference with experimental data.
Effect of cervicolabyrinthine impulsation on the spinal reflex apparatus

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

In view of the fact that the convergence effect of vestibular impulsation may both stimulate and inhibit intra and intersystemic coordination of physiological processes, an attempt was made to define the physiological effect on the spinal reflex apparatus of the convergence of cervicolabyrinthine impulsation on a model of the unconditioned motor reflex as a mechanism of the common final pathway conditioning the formation and realization of a focused beneficial result of human motor activities. More than 100 persons subjected to rolling effect and angular acceleration during complexly coordinated muscular loading were divided according to typical variants of the functional structure of the patella reflex in an experiment requiring 30 rapid counterclockwise head revolutions at 2/sec with synchronous recording of a 20 item series of patella reflex acts. A knee jerk coefficient was used in calculations. In 85 percent of the cases 2 patellar reflexograms show typical braking and release of knee reflex and 1 shows an extreme local variant. The diagnostic and prognostic value of these tests is suggested for determining adaptive possibilities of functional systems in respect to acceleration and proprioceptive stimuli.
DISTINCTIVE SURGICAL PRACTICES IN ANCIENT SURGICAL ARENA: A REVIEW

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Sushruta Samhita the first document of surgical knowledge incorporates the details of surgical diseases. This classic has detailed method of examination (trividha Pareeksha), presentation and treatment principles of surgical diseases. Emergency and complicated conditions like Chidrodara (peritonitis), Baddhagudodara (Intestinal obstruction), and Bhagnas (Fractures and dislocations) were treated surgically. Treatment principles and postsurgical care with wound management are extensively documented. Reconstructive surgeries in sadyovrana (trauma) as well as cosmetic approaches are mentioned. Yantra (Blunt instruments), Shastra (Sharp instruments), Seevana prakara (method of suturing), materials used for the surgical procedures and surgical principles are true even today. Concepts like Vranitagara (place for wounded), Taila droni (oil tub), Pranashta shalya nirharana upayas (technique of removal of foreign bodies) are unique of their kind. The ancient surgical knowledge and emergency care were exemplar and astonishing.
IMPORTANCE OF RAINFALL MEASUREMENTS FOR THE FLOOD FORECASTING OF THE MEKONG RIVER BASIN

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents the results of an application of a grid based distributed hydrological model, BTOPMC (Block-wise use of TOPMODEL with Muskingum-Cunge method) to the Mekong River basin. The BTOPMC model was particularly developed for modelling large river basins based on the extended TOPMODEL concepts. The model has been tested in various regions of the world and proven to be robust for hydrological modelling and flood forecasting. Most of the model parameters are physically based; hence the number of parameters to be calibrated is few. Therefore the model is also suitable for modelling and analyzing the long term effects on the hydrology of large river basins due to human impacts and climatic variations. The model employs latest publicly available GIS/RS data as input and it is possible to obtain the output results at any location of the basin which is very important for integrated water resources management. In this study most of the input data to the model such as elevation data, land cover, soil map and texture, NDVI (normalized difference vegetation index), radiation, could cover, sunshine duration, diurnal temperature range, mean temperature, vapour pressure, wind speed etc. are obtained from publicly available data sets. The model results are verified and the
Professor Mike Neary, An introduction to the work of Karl Marx: science of revolution and revolutionary science

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In this lecture I claim that the work of Karl Marx (1818-1883) was not only a science of revolution but also a revolutionary science, constituting a scientific revolution in social and political thought. This claim is based on MarxÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s discovery of the dynamic substance: value in motion (Capital Vol 2 ), on which the social universe of Capital is founded: a dynamic substance that is unknown and invisible to the methods of bourgeois social science. This claim is grounded in a reappraisal of MarxÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s social theory that seeks to recover and develop the revolutionary proposition in MarxÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s writing through Ã¢â‚¬Ëœa critique of valueÃ¢â‚¬â„¢, recognising the revolutionary principles (communism) and practices (class struggle) out of which a postcapitalist society is already emerging, but is always and everywhere at risk.
Hydrothermal Pretreatment Conditions to Enhance Ethanol Production from Poplar Biomass

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Pretreatment has been recognized as a key step in enzyme-based conversion processes of lignocellulose biomass to ethanol. The aim of this study is to evaluate two hydrothermal pretreatments (steam explosion and liquid hot water) to enhance ethanol production from poplar (Populus nigra) biomass by a simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) process. The composition of liquid and solid fractions obtained after pretreatment, enzymatic digestibility, and ethanol production of poplar biomass pretreated at different experimental conditions was analyzed. The best results were obtained in steam explosion pretreatment at 210 C and 4 min, taking into account cellulose recovery above 95%, enzymatic hydrolysis yield of about 60%, SSF yield of 60% of theoretical, and 41% xylose recovery in the liquid fraction. Large particles can be used for poplar biomass in both pretreatments, since no significant effect of particle size on enzymatic hydrolysis and SSF was obtained.
CORRECTION OF THE EFFECT OF THE BOUNDARY LAYER ON THE FLOW IN NOZZLES WITH A BROKEN GENERATRIC (KORREKTIROVKA VLIYANIYA POGRANICHNOGO SLOYA NA TECHENIE V SOPLAKH S IZLOMOM OBRAZUYUSHCHEI),

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The larger the Mach number for which a supersonic nozzle is designed, the smaller the characteristic Reynolds number and, consequently, the larger the region of flow occupied by the boundary layer. For given diameters of the exhaust nozzle cross section and given flow parameters, a reduction of the boundary layer may be achieved by a reduction in nozzle length. Nozzles with a broken generatrix or nozzles with an angle point are of minimum length. U. G. Pirumov et al. (Chislennyye metody v gazovoy dinamike, Sbornik rabot, VTs MGU, no. 2, 1963) presented earlier a method for the design of axisymmetric nozzles with an angle point in the presence of equilibrium physicochemical transformation. The correction of the shape discussed in the present paper is supposed to secure a constant Mach number equal to the exit value M sub O in viscous flow along the axis of the nozzle (starting with a certain point). Following the known procedure of the boundary layer theory, the corrected shape is obtained from the original one by the shift in the direction of the outward normal through a distance equal to the thickness of the boundary layer displacement. Results are calculated for the M sub O value of 10. (Author)
Calibrations of Suspended Sediment Concentrations in High-Turbidity Waters Using Different In Situ Optical Instruments

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

In environments of high suspended sediment concentration (SSC > 1 kg/m3), efficient measurements of SSC through accurate calibration relationships between turbidity and SSC are necessary for studies on marine sediment dynamics. Here, we investigated the performance of three types of optical instrument (OBS-3A, AQUAlogger 310TY, and RBRsolo3Tu with Seapoint sensor) in observations carried out at the middle of the Jiangsu coast, China. These instruments were calibrated in the lab using the water and suspended sediment samples collected from the observation site. It was found that both the calibration curves of OBS-3A and RBRsolo3Tu have an inflection point (at SSC of ca. 15 kg/m3 for OBS-3A and ca. 2 kg/m3 for RBRsolo3Tu), on either side of which turbidity increases (the left side) or decreases (the right side) with the increasing SSC. Only under SSCs smaller than the inflection point can OBS-3A and RBRsolo3Tu be applied to continuous SSC measurements at a fixed point. However, the turbidity output of AQUAlogger 310TY has always a positive correlation with SSC, which applies for SSC up to 40 kg/m3; thus, three fluid-mud events are quantified during this observation. AQUAlogger 310TY has important prospects for field applications in high-SSC environments.
Density-Biased Clustering Based on Reservoir Sampling

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Clustering is a task of grouping data based on similarity. A popular k-means algorithm groups data by firstly assigning all data points to the closest clusters, then determining the cluster means. The algorithm repeats these two steps until it has converged. We propose a variation called weighted k-means to improve the clustering scalability. To speed up the clustering process, we develop the reservoir-biased sampling as an efficient data reduction technique since it performs a single scan over a data set. Our algorithm has been designed to group data of mixture models. We present an experimental evaluation of the proposed method.
Analysis of Feces Samples Collected from a Wild-Bird Garden Feeding Station in Scotland for the Presence of Verocytotoxin-Producing Escherichia coli O157

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Composite wild bird feces collected at regular intervals from a garden feeding station in southwest Scotland over a 3-year period were examined for verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli O157. One sample was positive for Escherichia coli O157. The isolate belonged to phage type 21/28 and possessed vtx 2 , eaeA , and enterohemorrhagic E. coli hlyA genes.
New insights of Tripoli and &#8220;Calcare di Base&#8221; Formations from Caltanissetta (Sicily) and Rossano (Calabria) Basins: a detailed geochemical, sedimentological and bio-cyclostratigraphical study.

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

&lt;p&gt;A detailed biostratigraphical and cyclostratigraphical study provided the opportunity of cycle-by-cycle correlations between sections from the marginal and deep areas of the Caltanissetta Basin (Sicily), and the northern Calabrian Rossano Basin. All the sections were compared with the Falconara-Gibliscemi composite section. We present new mineralogical and geochemical data on the transition from Tripoli to Calcare di Base (CdB), based on the study of several field sections. The outcrops display good record of the paleoceanographical changes that affected the Mediterranean Sea during the transition from slightly restricted conditions to the onset of the Mediterranean Salinity Crisis (MSC). This approach permitted to better constrain depositional conditions and highlighted a new palaeogeographical pattern characterized by separated sub-basins. The sedimentological and geochemical parameters of these basins introduced a different and diachronous response to the global constraints of the MSC. Our preliminary results display already evidences of paleoenvironmental changes: (1) a lithological transition passing from the Tripoli&amp;#8217;s triplet (grey marls, reddish laminites and diatomites) to the complex carbonates of CdB; (2) the appearance of evaporite pseudomorphs implying early stage diagenesis; (3) the presence of sulphur-rich deposits involving process of bacterial sulphate reduction. The local transition from the uppermost part of the Tripoli cycles to the CdB reflects the worsening of the marine connections, leading to the individualisation of semi-closed settings where the marine inputs were not great enough to balance the effects of the climate fluctuations and especially of the evaporation/precipitation budget.&lt;/p&gt;