jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Nonequilibrium Bose condensation in a pumped dye-filled photonic cavity

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

An effectively two-dimensional photon gas trapped in a dye-filled microcavity can undergo thermalization and equilibrium-like Bose-Einstein condensation. However, given the inherently driven-dissipative nature of this system, it can exhibit a complex interplay between the thermalizing influence of the environment given by the dye solution and the pump and loss processes driving the system out of equilibrium. We first consider a homogeneously pumped photon gas and investigate how its steady state is affected when varying the pump power, the cavity lifetime and the cutoff frequency. Depending on the parameter regime, the selection ofmodes that acquire large occupation can be related either to lasing of (typically multiple) modes or to a quasiequilibrium condensation in the ground state. We calculate and explain the phase diagram of the system, with a particular emphasis on the role played by mode competition that occurs in the regime of weak cavity loss. We then consider the case where the system is driven asymmetrically (by a relatively narrow off-centered pump beam) and find that it features a robust and controllable mechanism for two-mode emission. Namely, after the system starts lasing in the dominantly pumped excited mode, in a second transition a photon condensate is formed in the ground mode, when the pump power is increased further. This effect is a consequence of the redistribution of excited dye molecules via the lasing mode in combination with thermalization. We demonstrate how this effect can be controlled further by tailoring the effective transverse potential for the photons. This allows for the threshold pump power to be tuned by orders of magnitude. For this scenario we formulate a simplified, analytically solvable model which gives a very good agreement, both qualitative and quantitative,with the full original model.
Critical behavior of four-terminal conductance of bilayer graphene domain walls

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Bilayer graphene in a perpendicular electric field can host domain walls between regions of reversed field direction or interlayer stacking. The gapless modes propagating along these domain walls, while not strictly topological, nevertheless have interesting physical properties, including valley-momentum locking. A junction where two domain walls intersect forms the analogue of a quantum point contact. We study theoretically the critical behavior of this junction near the pinch-off transition, which is controlled by two separate classes of non-trivial quantum critical points. For strong interactions, the junction can host phases of unique charge and valley conductances. For weaker interactions, the low-temperature charge conductance can undergo one of two possible quantum phase transitions, each characterized by a specific critical exponent and a collapse to a universal scaling function, which we compute.
Single atom visibility on (111) silicon in simulated ADF STEM images

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The multislice method has been adapted to simulate annular dark field (ADF) scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) images. In the STEM image simulation, a highly focused electron probe is scanned across a specimen and the scattered intensity, accumulated over an annular detector, is recorded as a function of probe position. Each pixel in the STEM image is determined by an entire multislice calculation for a particular position of the incident probe. This N 4 process is very computationally expensive and currently requires the use of a supercomputer to achieve runtimes of less than a day. The simulated specimen consisted of a (111) silicon crystal substrate, which was a multiple of 94 Å (30 slices) thick, followed by an additional slice containing a single gold atom. Slice potentials were 38.4 Å x 39.9 Å (256 x 256 pixels) in size, which set the maximum included scattering angle to 79 mrad.
Does the Type of Polymer and Carbon Nanotube Structure Control the Electromagnetic Shielding in Melt-Mixed Polymer Nanocomposites?

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

A suitable polymer matrix and well dispersed conducting fillers forming an electrically conducting network are the prime requisites for modern age electromagnetic shield designing. An effective polymer-based shield material is designed that can attenuate 99.9% of incident electromagnetic (EM) radiation at a minimum thickness of <0.5 mm. This is accomplished by the choice of a suitable partially crystalline polymer matrix while comparing non-polar polypropylene (PP) with polar polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and a best suited filler nanomaterial by comparing different types of carbon nanotubes such as; branched, single-walled and multi-walled carbon nanotubes, which were added in only 2 wt %. Different types of interactions (polar-polar and CH-π and donor-acceptor) make b-MWCNT more dispersible in the PVDF matrix, which together with high crystallinity resulted in the best electrical conductivity and electromagnetic shielding ability of this composite. This investigation additionally conceals the issues related to the thickness of the shield material just by stacking individual thin nanocomposite layers containing different carbon nanotube (CNT) types with 0.3 mm thickness in a simple manner and finally achieves 99.999% shielding efficiency at just 0.9 mm thickness when using a suitable order of the different PVDF based nanocomposites.
Corporate Twitter Channels: The Impact of Engagement and Informedness on Corporate Reputation

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

We examine communication via a corporate Twitter channel and its effects on corporate reputation. We identify the importance of user engagement and informedness in explaining corporate reputation and examine three design factors that likely affect user engagement in a corporate Twitter channel. We conduct an exploratory 2 x 2 x 2 experiment among Twitter users to collect data. We find that the depth of the relationship among users, the level of corporate involvement, and the purpose of the channel interactively influence user engagement. Our findings suggest that deeper relationships among users of a corporate Twitter channel lead to higher user engagement when the level of corporate involvement with the channel is high and when the channel has a specific purpose, but not when the level of corporate involvement is high and the channel has a generic purpose. Surprisingly, when the channel has a generic purpose, a high degree of corporate involvement actually decreases user engagement. This finding implies that, under certain circumstances, a lower degree of corporate involvement in a social media channel may be more desirable. We also find that channel credibility positively influences user informedness. This is the first study that examines the dynamics of communication through a corporate Twitter channel. It contributes to the previous research related to social media by identifying engagement and informedness as two major factors that influence firms' reputation. Our research can help marketing and social media managers to decide on channel design aspects, such as whether to require users to register with an identity or to allow anonymous participation, whether to allocate dedicated employees to respond to user requests, and whether to set up different channels for different purposes.
Evaluation of drug effects on spinal cord injury--an experimental study in monkeys.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Contusion injury is produced experimentally in anaesthetised monkeys by weight drop method. A group of animals having laminectomy alone served as sham controls. Drugs were administered 30 min after injury initially. Naloxone and nifedipine were administered as single dose administration immediately after injury. Dipyridamole and DMSO were administered daily for a period of 1 week. Acetylcholinesterase (AchE) was estimated in 2 spinal tissue segments, S1-at the site of injury and S2-the segment above the site of injury, at the end of 1 week after sacrificing the animals. Contusion injury produced significant decrease in specific activity of AchE in the traumatised segment of the experimental animals. The non-traumatised adjacent segment did not show any significant change. Nifedipine, naloxone and DMSO produced a decrease in AchE activity in S1 and S2 segments. Monkeys developed paraplegia after contusion injury. A score 2+ was observed after 1 week as compared to the score of 4+ of sham controls. Single dose administration of naloxone seemed to reverse the motor deficit by getting a score of 3+; other drugs did not produce any beneficial effect on motor deficit.
INFLUENCE OF TENIZATION OF THE ECONOMY ON THE LABOR MARKET IN UKRAINE

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The article examines the shadow economy as a phenomenon and its features. The shadow economy is a phenomenon that accompanies almost every economy, both developed and undeveloped. There is no common and clearly defined understanding of the essence and classification of the concept of shadow economy. The country's shadow economy exists as a result of the interaction of psychological and cultural factors that cannot be influenced in the short term. A feature of the shadow economy is a significant adaptability to external factors, a certain flexibility and ability to self-regulate. Indicators are indicated that have a significant impact on the dynamics of the size of the shadow economy. Approaches to determining the reasons for the existence of the shadow economy are given. Separately, the main reasons for the growth of the shadow economy in the developed countries of the world are indicated in percentage terms. The level of shadowing of the economy is investigated using various methods. The features of the shadow labor market and its components are considered. The shadow market is provided by the discrepancy between the actual and formal conditions for hired workers. The concept of shadow employment, the number of informally employed population in general and by type of economic activity and the reasons for the existence of the shadow labor market are analyzed. Shadow employment hinders the normal formation of state budget revenues. In order to estimate the size of the shadow economy, methods are used that can be divided into three groups: direct, indirect and mixed. There has been a decrease in the actual number of informally employed people, which is associated with the COVID 19 pandemic, which forced the economies of countries to reduce the number of both formal and informal workers. Non-observance of social norms and non-payment of taxes completely violate a kind of agreement between the population and the state, leading to a crisis of governance and distrust in the mechanism of state regulation and a significant decrease in macroeconomic indicators. Measures are recommended to reduce the level of the shadow economy.
British Offices Life Tables, 1893.—An Account of the Principles and Methods adopted in the Compilation of the Data, the Graduation of the Experience, and the Construction of Deduced Tables. Assured Lives and Annuitants.

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

British Offices Life Tables, 1893.—An Account of the Principles and Methods adopted in the Compilation of the Data, the Graduation of the Experience, and the Construction of Deduced Tables. Assured Lives and Annuitants. - Volume 38 Issue 4
Introduction: "Roman Pottery in the Near East: Where, Whence, Whither?" Second Round Table, Amman, 2014. In memoriam S. Thomas Parker (1950–2021)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The initial idea for this kind of workshop on “Roman Pottery in the Near East” went back to the conference on Archaeology and Archaeometry in Parma and Pisa in 2008. We became very enthusiastic about the idea to initialise our own series of pottery workshops in which we would strive to connect scholars and researchers currently working on pottery from the Roman period in the Near East, mainly Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, and Israel, hoping to establish an academic network that would provide a platform for discussions for researchers of all levels that might transcend political differences. The 2014 round table in Amman focused on the large number of ceramic research projects from Transjordan and the Nabataean/Roman pottery studies from Middle and Southern Transjordan. The hottest discussion concerns established typo-chronology of Nabataean fine ware in the Petra region, an issue which is crucial for future pottery research in the Nabataean territories. The chronology is questioned by Tali-Erickson, to which Wenner provides a response. The presentation of eight papers from the round-table is dedicated to S. Thomas Parker, who supported the vision wholeheartedly and was an active participant and discussant in the workshops.
Diazotrophic Anaeromyxobacter Isolates from Soils

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Anaeromyxobacter is globally distributed in soil environments, especially predominant in paddy soils. Current studies based on environmental DNA/RNA analyses frequently detect gene fragments encoding nitrogenase of Anaeromyxobacter from various soil environments. Although the importance of Anaeromyxobacter as a diazotroph in nature has been suggested by culture-independent studies, there has been no solid evidence and validation from genomic and culture-based analyses that Anaeromyxobacter fixes nitrogen. This study demonstrates that Anaeromyxobacter harboring nitrogenase genes exhibits diazotrophic ability; moreover, N 2 -dependent growth was demonstrated in vitro and in the soil environment. Our findings indicate that nitrogen fixation is important for Anaeromyxobacter to survive under nitrogen-deficient environments and provide a novel insight into the environmental function of Anaeromyxobacter , which is a common bacterium in soils.
CREATING TARGET GROUP FOCUSED CONTENT IN AN DIGITAL INFORMATION OVERLOAD ENVIRONMENT – A COMBINED SEGMENTATION APPROACH

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The growing amount of digital media and the permanent accessibility of the world wide web are offering a broad range of opportunities for marketers and brands to get in touch with their potential target groups. Nevertheless, this development also created a digital information overload environment in which consumers actively allocate their attention on specific media and use deliberately or unconsciously set filters to avoid advertising and information which is considered as not relevant. If the content of an advertisement or the transferred information is seen as irrelevant consumers will filter it even though they are located in the right target group. The creation of digital media content that meets its target group and is considered as relevant or valuable information is an often discussed topic as there are several approaches. The following article uses the model of psychographic segmentation in combination with a recently developed model called DRMABS (Decompensation and Re-assembly of Markets by Segmentation) used for competitive revelry strategies and analyses of large markets. This article aims to create insights in those two models and the combination of them to form a theoretical approach which shows new findings in how target group relevant content can be designed.
Clinical study on hepatic angiography after hepatectomy in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

肝細胞癌の集学的治療として, 肝切除例に対し術後早期 (第4～9週) に, 再度肝動脈造影を施行し, 腫瘍濃染像を認めた症例に対し, transarterial embolization (以下TAE) を施行し, 予後の向上を計った.肝切除49例中31例に術後肝動脈造影を施行し, 8例26%に腫瘍濃染像を認めた.組織学的因子の検討より, 腫瘍径2cm以上, 血管侵襲・肝内転移陽性例, 非治癒切除, stage II以上に多い傾向を認めた.集学的治療として同時にTAE, lipiodol TAEを施行した.腫瘍濃染像を認めた8例の3年生存率36%であった.肝切除後早期に再発をみる例もあり, 術後早期の肝動脈造影による残存肝の検索と, 早期治療が必要と思われた.
The state of somatosensory cortex during neuromodulation

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

During behavioral quiescence, such as slow-wave sleep and anesthesia, the neocortex is in a deactivated state characterized by the presence of slow oscillations. During arousal, slow oscillations are absent and the neocortex is in an activated state that greatly impacts information processing. Neuromodulators acting in neocortex are believed to mediate these state changes, but the mechanisms are poorly understood. We investigated the actions of noradrenergic and cholinergic activation on slow oscillations, cellular excitability, and synaptic inputs in thalamocortical slices of somatosensory cortex. The results show that neuromodulation abolishes slow oscillations, dampens the excitability of principal cells, and rebalances excitatory and inhibitory synaptic inputs in thalamocortical-recipient layers IV–III. Sensory cortex is much more selective about the inputs that can drive it. The source of neuromodulation is critically important in determining this selectivity. Cholinergic activation suppresses the excitatory and inhibitory conductances driven by thalamocortical and intracortical inputs. Noradrenergic activation suppresses the excitatory conductance driven by intracortical inputs but not by thalamocortical inputs and enhances the inhibitory conductance driven by thalamocortical inputs but not by intracortical inputs. Thus noradrenergic activation emphasizes thalamocortical (sensory) inputs relative to intracortical inputs, while cholinergic activation suppresses both.
Angiosarcoma of penis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A 29-year-old male patient presented with proliferative lesion in the glans penis without any inguinal lymphadenopathy. The biopsy showed a highly vascular malignant lesion. Subsequent metastasis work-up was negative. Partial amputation of the penis with close follow-up was performed. Final histopathology was consistent with angiosarcoma of the penis.
An anatomy of a slave society in transition : the Virgin Islands, 1807-1864

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study analyses the process of transition from slavery to freedom in the Virgin Islands’ slave society. It draws on a database of over 9,500 enslaved people of African descent, covering the period 1818 to 1834. Including information on gender, age, births, deaths, runaways, manumissions, and owners of the enslaved, this database allows the most intimate and comprehensive analysis of changes in the social life of the slave population and immediate descendants within any single British Caribbean territory in the age of abolitionism and its aftermath. Few studies in Caribbean history have sought to go beyond the transition from slavery to freedom and more specifically, to explore the impact of the enslaved themselves in shaping their own history during this critical transition. This thesis seeks to do both by re-examining the history of the Virgin Islands from 1807 to 1864, underpinning the argument it presents with data drawn from slave registers, Colonial Office and Parliamentary papers, and other records. It is on these grounds that this thesis makes an original contribution to existing knowledge.
Revisiting the relationship between Ethnography, Discourse and Education

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The question of the relationship between ethnography, discourse and education has been an area of an ongoing development for the last four decades. This paper addresses a series of questions proposed by the editors of this special issue of Calestrocópio Journal. These questions led us to a reexamination of key arguments by Shirley B. Heath, Brian V. Street and Kathryn M. Anderson-Levitt, who have influenced how ethnography can inform epistemological approaches to studying language in use in everyday settings in and out of school. In addition, we revisited the distinction between ethnography in and of education, proposed by Green and Bloome (1997), in the light of a recent reformulation focused on Anthropology in Education, of Education and for Education. This article focuses on the logic of inquiry central to understanding ethnography as epistemology
Therapeutic restoration of miR-126-3p as a multi-targeted strategy to modulate the liver tumor microenvironment

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Impaired natural killer (NK) cell-mediated antitumor responses contribute to the growth of liver tumors. Expression of a disintegrin and metalloprotease 9 (ADAM9) increases shedding of membrane-bound major histocompatibility complex class I chain-related protein A and results in evasion from NK cell-mediated cytolysis. ADAM9 is also involved in angiogenesis and tumor progression and is a target of miR-126-3p, a tumor suppressor that is downregulated and alters tumor cell behavior in the liver and other cancers. We evaluated the restoration of miR-126-3p and modulation of the miR-126-3p/ADAM9 axis as a therapeutic approach to simultaneously enhance NK cell-mediated cytolysis while targeting both tumor cells and their microenvironment. Methods: Precursor miRNAs were loaded into milk-derived nanovesicles to generate therapeutic vesicles (therapeutic milk-derived nanovesicles) for the restoration of functional miR-126-3p in recipient cancer cells. Results: Administration of therapeutic milk-derived nanovesicles increased miR-126-3p expression and reduced ADAM9 expression in target cells and was associated with an increase in membrane-bound major histocompatibility complex class I chain-related protein A. This enhanced NK cell cytolysis in adherent tumor cells and in multicellular tumor spheroids while also impairing angiogenesis and modulating macrophage chemotaxis. Moreover, IV administration of therapeutic milk-derived nanovesicles with adoptive transfer of NK cells reduced tumor burden in orthotopic hepatocellular cancer xenografts in mice. Conclusion: A directed RNA therapeutic approach can mitigate NK cell immune evasion, reduce angiogenesis, and alter the tumor cell phenotype through the restoration of miR-126-3p in liver tumor cells. The pleiotropic effects elicited by this multi-targeted approach to modulate the local tumor microenvironment support its use for the treatment of liver cancer.
Indexical Disorders and Ritual (De)Centers of Semiosis

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract Focusing on Michael Silverstein’s account of relationships between “microcontexts of interaction” and the “macrosociological,” this article takes up his suggestion that news reporting provides particularly clear examples of such links. Examining a mundane ABC World News report on changing recommendations for vitamin intake, it analyzes how leading physician-journalist Richard Besser constructs a ritual center of medical semiosis, projects it as inaccessible to laypersons, and models a circulatory process that requires highly constrained forms of communication. Ethnography in newsrooms, clinical spaces, public health offices, and elsewhere suggests how notions of (1) a ritual center that produces medical knowledge, (2) a primordial space of doctor-patient interaction that affords limited, highly regulated access to laypersons, and (3) what are construed as processes of communication require the continual making of communicable models that attempt to separate projected first and second indexical orders and, just as importantly, generate indexical disorders that create anxiety and seem to require assistance from physician-journalist guides.