jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Genetic testing for breast cancer 1 (BRCA1) and breast cancer 2 (BRCA2) mutations in clinical oncology is becoming more widely employed around the world. Testing allows clinicians to determine if unaffected highrisk women carry a BRCA mutation, and if preventive care in the form of prophylactic procedures and/or increased surveillance is advisable. As well, identifying carrier status can aid physicians in tailoring the best treatment for affected women with breast or ovarian cancer. However, studies have shown that the uptake of preventive strategies, particularly risk-reducing surgeries, among unaffected women found to carry a BRCA mutation is influenced by a number of factors. These include cost of genetic testing, cancer-related distress, patient consultation, perceived benefits and risks of invasive surgery, and level of education. To alleviate these emotional and cognitive barriers, clinicians should ensure women carrying a BRCA mutation are well-informed about available treatments and potentially fatal outcomes associated with breast and ovarian cancer.
Threats perceived by five prominent U.S. commercial fisheries

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

ABSTRACT Objective Regulations and ecosystem changes can have profound effects on commercial fishermen’s livelihoods. Consequently, there has been an increasing emphasis on including stakeholder inputs and perceptions into fisheries regulatory processes. However, these assessments typically focus on a single fishery and are often limited to a single pressure. We used a public document review followed by focus groups with members of the commercial fishing industry to compare the array of risks across multiple fisheries. Methods We identified the suite of recent threats perceived by five commercial fisheries in the U.S. Atlantic Northeast and Pacific Northwest: the Alaskan Directed Halibut fishery (Pacific Halibut Hippoglossus stenolepis); the Bering Sea Pollock Catcher–Processor fishery (Walleye Pollock Gadus chalcogrammus); the Central Gulf of Alaska Trawl fishery, homeported in Kodiak, Alaska; the Northeast Multispecies Groundfish fishery; and the Sea Scallop fishery (Atlantic sea scallop Placopecten magellanicus). Risks were identified for each fishery through a public document review (e.g., fishing industry-focused outlets, local news sources, and government documents, including fishery management council meeting minutes and public comments), followed by focus groups with members of each fishery to clarify, refine, and identify additional risks. Results Risks that manifested in public domains were largely different—and incomplete—compared to what members of the fishing industry believed were relevant. Further, the fishing industry is concerned with risks that management is not currently designed to address. Finally, despite each fishery having distinct operational, structural, and geographic differences, many of the identified risks were similar or even identical across fisheries. Conclusions Examining and sharing the lessons learned about risk perceptions across these fisheries highlight both challenges and potential strategies for enhancing fishery resiliency in the United States.
THE OCULAR DOMINANCE DISTRIBUTIONS OF THE CELLS IN THE LATERAL SUPRASYLVIAN AREA BEFORE AND AFTER THE LESION OF VISUAL CORTEX AREAS 17, 18 AND 19 IN STRABISMIC CATS

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Among the visual cortex areas investigated, besides areas 17, 18 and 19, the lateral suprasylvian area (LS) is best studied. The cells in this area are mainly sensitive to the visual stimuli with the preferred moving direction. The responses to stationary stimuli are poor and the cells have no orientation selectivity. Most cells show spatial summation and are
Xruščev and 1959. Contesting Consumption in the Cold War

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article investigates an important battle-front of the Cold War: the competition on consumption. It focuses on the year 1959, year of the Soviet exhibition in New York, of the American exhibition in Moscow and of Xruščev’s trip to the U.S., considering the Soviet attempts to develop alternative models of modernity. The “consumption contest” is here analyzed with a particular emphasis on the Soviet culture of consumption in its differences with the American one. The paper uses both official and popular Soviet sources as well as the American press when this helps to clarify the difference between Soviet and American propaganda attitudes, as well as archival documents from the RGAE (Russian State Archive of the Economy). As far as the popular press is concerned, here we have mostly used the Soviet weekly magazine “Ogonek” and the monthly “L’Union Soviétique”. As regards popular American sources, the article takes into consideration the “Ogonek” counterpart “Life”.
Anxiety, Desire, and the Object a: Lacan on Lucia Tower’s “Countertransference”

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Lacan’s seminars are a treasure trove of innovative psychoanalytic explorations. In Seminar X, Anxiety, he takes up this Freudian theme and explores a number of interrelated ideas: castration, the difference between the sexes, two different forms of acting out, and what he terms his only original theoretical contribution: the object a and its “various incidences.” The object a is described here in detail, especially in relation to Lacan’s argument that analysts who are women have a freer relationship to their desire and the countertransferences it spawns than do men. Lacan discussed Lucia Tower’s classic paper, “Countertransference,” in light of these notions. This essay is a close reading of Lacan’s close reading of Tower, whose account, he says, must be approached in all its “innocence and freshness.”
Self-administered intravenous infusion of hypertonic solutions and sodium appetite of sheep.

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The effects of self-administered iv infusion of hypertonic NaCl, mannitol, glucose, urea, or isotonic NaCl on Na appetite were studied. Sodium-depleted sheep were trained to bar press in order to replace Na deficits of 300-500 mmol. During basal conditions, each delivery to a drinking cup was 15 ml of .6 M NaHCO3 (9 mmol). In the experimental situation, an iv infusion (10 ml) was given automatically with each delivery to the drinking cup. The ingestion of NaHCO3 solution was significantly reduced by all of the hypertonic solutions, the largest decrease being caused by hypertonic NaCl or mannitol. The decreased intake was observed within 10 (with infusion of hypertonic NaCl, mannitol, or glucose) or 20-40 (with urea infusion) min irrespective of whether water was concurrently available to drink. At 20 min, plasma Na concentration was increased by hypertonic NaCl, decreased by mannitol or glucose, and not changed by urea. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Na concentration was increased by all of the hypertonic solutions. Isotonic NaCl had no effect on the ingestion of NaHCO3 solution, plasma, or CSF composition. In regard to the "turn-off" of Na appetite by systemic infusion, these data are consistent with the theory of neural cells within the blood-brain barrier responsive to changes of Na concentration or osmolality in their environment. In contrast, water intake was stimulated by hypertonic NaCl or mannitol but not by urea or glucose, results suggestive that the sensors involved in thirst (e.g., osmoreceptors) are in an area of the brain lacking the blood-brain barrier.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome and its Homoeopathic Management - A Review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Irritable bowel syndrome is a functional gastrointestinal disease with high population prevalence. The disorder can be debilitating in some patients, whereas others may have mild or moderate symptoms. It considerably affects quality of life and imposes a profound burden on patients, physicians and the health-care system. The condition has considerable consequences for quality of life (QOL) that are comparable to other chronic diseases, such as diabetes mellitus and hepatitis. Patients with the disorder have been consistently shown to have poor health-related quality of life (HRQOL). This disorder accounts for significant healthcare costs. In addition to direct medical expenses, costs to society come in the form of work absenteeism and impaired work productivity. The review aims to seek the scope of homoeopathy in the management of irritable bowel syndrome. The principles and practice of homoeopathic treatment overlap across these aspects of IBS for it prioritizes patient’s subjective mental symptoms and seeks to provide tailored treatment for each individual patient.
Biochemical mechanisms for tolerance of citrus rootstocks against Phytophthora nicotianae

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

It was established that although the phytoalexin scoparone is associated with resistance/tolerance of citrus rootstocks to stem cancer caused by Phytophthora citrophthora, it does not dictate tolerance to root rot caused by P. nicotianae. It can therefore not be used as an indicator for tolerance to root rot. Results of the current study show that increase in total soluble phenolic concentrations in citrus roots after inoculation plays a key role in tolerance of citrus rootstocks against P. nicotianae root rot. Elevation of the levels of total phenolic compounds is therefore a part of the mechanism involved in rootstock resistance. As far as could be established, this finding has not been reported before in citrus. Determination of total soluble phenolics in citrus roots can therefore be used as a parameter in the screening of rootstocks for tolerance to P. nicotianae. Application of the systemic fungicide fosetyl-Al increased the total soluble phenolic concentrations in the roots more than infection with the pathogen alone. This provides evidence that the elevation of phenolic levels is involved in the mechanism of action of fosetyl-Al in control of Phytophthora root rot, therefore supporting an indirect antifungal mode of action. A unique chemical compound (U82) has been discovered that is associated only with tolerant rootstocks. If this yellow compound is a viable marker for resistance, it will certainly be a breakthrough in rootstock resistance research. Such a unique compound that is only associated with tolerant rootstocks could potentially be used in developing a more reliable high throughput screening technique for citrus rootstock resistance.
Determination of photonic efficiency and quantum yield of formaldehyde formation in the presence of various TiO2 photocatalysts

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Illumination of aqueous TiO2 suspentions yields hydroxyl radicals, which can be trapped by methanol producing formaldehyde (HCHO). In this work, the photonic efficiency and quantum yield of HCHO formation in colloidal TiO2 solutions and, P25 and UV 100 suspensions have been determined. Differences in photocatalytic activity of the three photocatalysts have been found and are discussed. The photonic efficiency of HCHO formation in the presence of P25 and UV 100 depends on the concentration of TiO2 and the pH. The critical concentration is 2.5 g/L. Below this, the photonic efficiency with P 25 is higher than with UV 100, and vice versa. Optimum pH values for P25 and UV 100 giving the maximum photonic efficiency are 7.7 and 10.4, respectively. Compared to P25 and UV 100, the true quantum yield of HCHO formation in colloidal TiO2 solution varies a little with pH and virtually does not change with the amount of loading of TiO2. The true quantum yield varies as the inverse square root of light intensity. The quantum yield increases from 0.02 to 0.08 when the absorbed photon flux decreases from 8.1 × 10-7 Ein/L s to 4.9 × 10-8 Ein/L s. A simple model is presented to explain the experimental observation.
Untouchables’ Poverty

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract This chapter summarizes the main findings of the empirical analysis. The sources and remedies of untouchables’ poverty, caste inequality in wage income and poverty, caste discrimination in employment, wages, and occupation are summarized in this chapter. This chapter also highlights the impact of discrimination on untouchables’ poverty. Lessons from theories and international experiences on policies are also discussed in great length. Based on the empirical results, it suggests the policies to overcome the discrimination in employment and wages. The chapter also suggests a policy of legal safeguards, affirmative action policy, and policy of reparation. The chapter finally concludes that elimination of labour market discrimination is necessary to achieve the reduction in poverty.
On the surjectivity of the power maps of algebraic groups in characteristic zero

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In this paper we study the surjectivity of the power maps g → g n for algebraic groups over an algebraically closed field of characteristic zero.We describe certain necessary and sufficient conditions for surjectivity to hold, and using these results we determine the set of n for which it holds in the case of simple algebraic groups.The results are also applied to study the exponentiality of algebraic groups.
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF CARBON TAX IN INDONESIA: REGULATIONS, CHALLENGES, AND ITS IMPACTS

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Through Law No. 7 of 2021, the Indonesian government has enacted carbon tax regulations to address climate change. While seen as an environmental and revenue solution, the policy encounters challenges. The carbon tax aims to reduce emissions and promote clean energy but poses economic risks for low-income groups. Despite potential national revenue gains, it may escalate production costs and prices, impacting domestic product competitiveness globally. Utilizing literature studies, this research analyzes the challenges, regulations, and impact of the implementation of the carbon tax in Indonesia. The study underscores the importance of considering various factors, including timing, for effective implementation. Strategic timing affects the overall economy, economic structure, and societal consumption patterns. A wellthought-out approach can enhance the carbon tax's effectiveness in reducing emissions and fostering a sustainable economic transition.
HER2 expression and efficacy of preoperative paclitaxel and 5-fluorouracil, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin chemotherapy in breast cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

548 Purpose: We examined the correlation between HER2 expression and pathologic complete response (pCR) to paclitaxel/FAC (T/FAC) preoperative chemotherapy in stage II-III breast cancer. Patients and Methods: Retrospective analysis of data including 534 patients treated with preoperative T/FAC was performed. Gene expression results were available from a subset of 132 patients and were used to examine the co-expression of HER2 and topoisomerase II a (TOP2A) and microtubule associated protein tau (MAP-Tau). Results: Of the 534 patients, 105 (20%) had HER2 overexpressing (HER2+) breast cancer. The pCR rates were 33% and 15% for patients with HER2+ and HER2- tumors (P<0.001). The 5-year relapse-free survival rates were 94% and 70% in HER2+ tumors with and without pCR (P=0.009). In multivariate analysis ER-negative status (OR 3.1, 95% CI 1.7–5.5, P < 0.001), high nuclear grade (OR 6.7, 95% CI 3.1–14.2, P < 0.001), weekly paclitaxel regimen (OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.5–4.5, P <0.001), and HER2 overexpression (OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.3–4.2, P = 0.003) were significant predictors of pCR. Among ER- cancers, the pCR rates were 50% (95%CI: 36–64%) in HER2+ (n=24/48) and 30% (95%CI: 23–37%) in HER2- disease (n=48/159), P = 0.02. Among ER+ cancers, the pCR rate was 19% (95% CI: 9–29%) in HER2+ (n=11/57) and 6% (95% CI: 3–9%) in HER2- disease (n=17/270), P = 0.003. In the gene expression data, HER2 overexpression was associated with lower expression of MAP-tau (mean 303 vs 500, p=0.001) and higher expression of TOP2A mRNAs (mean 398 vs 274, p=0.048) in patients with ER+ disease. All ER- cancers had low MAP-Tau expression (compared to ER+ cancers) regardless of HER2 status. Conclusion: HER2 overexpression is associated with higher rate of pCR to preoperative T/FAC chemotherapy in both ER- and ER+ cancers. HER2 overexpression correlates with increased TOP2A and decreased MAP-Tau expression in ER+ cancers which could explain increased anthracycline and taxane sensitivity of these tumors. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Speed of Mental Rotation as a Function of Problem-Solving Strategies

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

40 subjects solved seven identical and seven mirror image visually-displayed mental-rotation problems, a measure of right hemisphere processing. Subjects who indicated that they bad inferred that, if two objects were not identical, then they must be mirror images showed faster rotation times. This evidence supports the hypothesis that expedient problem-solving strategies may contribute to right-hemisphere processing speed as measured by mental rotation. That mental rotation and humor processing may draw on the same right hemisphere processes is also discussed.
Graded-index mid-infrared planar optical waveguides made from silver halides

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Since the index of refraction of AgCl(x)Br(1-x) (x<1) is higher than that of AgCl, by diffusing Br(-) ions into AgCl it was possible to control the index and thus obtain planar waveguides made from silver chlorobromide (AgClBr) on a AgCl substrate. Silver halides are transparent in the mid IR, and it was therefore possible to characterize the waveguides by transmission of 10.6-mum CO(2)-laser radiation through them. In a typical case, the thickness was optically measured and was found to be 65mum , and the propagation loss was 16 dB/cm. The output-beam profile distribution was determined experimentally and found to be well correlated with a numerical analysis simulation based on a ray-tracing model of the eikonal equation. Planar waveguides that are transparent in the mid IR will likely be useful in numerous applications.
Cross-Border Movement in Interwar Polesie as a Manifestation of the Local Population's Indifference towards the State

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract The present article addresses how the local population of the Polesie Voivodeship perceived the establishment of the Soviet–Polish state border that separated them into two nations. This article focuses on their co-existence, through the prism of the evolution of the reason for cross-border movements. It aims to show that national indifference is not based on the same attitude towards a modern institution as a result of only a vague knowledge of modern society, but is, very often, the result of a conscious choice in the conditions of the need to live and co-exist with ‘alien’ institutions of power. This article, contributing to a growing literature on how ‘ordinary’ people living near state frontiers both resist and appropriate these demarcations of state sovereignty, is largely based on cross-referencing local state archival material with oral testimony from residents of the time and their descendants.
A Decentralized Dynamic Relaying-Based Framework for Enhancing LoRa Networks Performance

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Long-Range (LoRa) technology holds tremendous potential for regulating and coordinating communication among Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices due to its low power consumption and cost-effectiveness. However, LoRa faces significant obstacles such as reduction in coverage area, a high packet drop ratio (PDR), and an increased likelihood of collisions, all of which result in substandard data rates. In this paper, we present a novel approach that employs a relaying node capable of allocating resources dynamically based on signal parameters. In particular, the geometric placement of the relay node is determined by a genetic algorithm that maximizes signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) success probabilities. Using equal-area based (EAB) spreading factor (SF) distance allocation scheme, the coverage area is sliced into distinct regions in order to derive the success probabilities for different communication stages. Furthermore, we present a frequency channel shuffling algorithm to prevent collisions between end devices (EDs) without increasing the complexity of the relaying nodes. Through extensive simulations, we demonstrate that our proposed scheme effectively expands the coverage area, conserves transmission resources, and enhances the system's throughput. Specifically, our approach extends the range by up to 40%, increases the throughput by up to 50% compared to conventional methods, and achieves a 40% increase in success probability. To validate the practicality of our approach, we implement our algorithm in an active LoRa network utilizing an ESP32 LoRa SX1276 module, showcasing its compatibility in real-world scenarios.
ANALISIS PENGARUH P-O-P ADVERTISING TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN DI SWALAYAN ASGROSS CEMANI

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemisahan biaya semi variabel ke dalam biaya tetap, dan biaya variabel dalam menentukan harga penjualan dan untuk mengetahui peranan analisis Break-Event dalam penentuan harga penjualan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diharapkan dapat di gunakan sebagai bahan masukan atau pertimbangan perusahaan dalam pengambilan keputusan yang berkaitan dengan penentuan harga penjualan pada Perusahaan Plastik Daya Tunggal di Kebumen. Untuk menjawab hipotesis dalam penelitian digunakan alat analisis break event point. Data-data penelitian ini adalah diperoleh langsung dari Perusahaan Plastik Daya Tunggal Kebumen, yaitu merupakan laporan keuangan Perusahaan Plastik Daya Tunggal Kebumen tahun 2003-2007. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa Untuk harga penjualan rafia KW diperoleh hasil bahwa biaya variabel = Rp 62,98 per ball per tahun dan biaya tetap adalah = Rp 77.195.177,65 per tahun, sedangkan untuk harga penjualan rafia super diperoleh hasil bahwa biaya variabel = Rp 57,29 per ball per tahun dan biaya tetap = Rp 95.285.461,59 per tahun. Sehingga pemisahan biaya semi variabel ke dalam biaya tetap dan biaya variabel berpengaruh terhadap penentuan harga penjualan pada Perusahaan Platik Daya Tunggal di Kebumen. Tingkat break even yang tertinggi dicapai tahun 2004 yaitu sebesar Rp 423.814.037,63.
Three-dimensional echocardiography to assess left ventricular geometry and function

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Quantification of left ventricular (LV) size and function represents the most frequent indication for an echocardiographic study. New echocardiographic techniques have been developed over the last decades in an attempt to provide a more comprehensive, accurate, and reproducible assessment of LV function.Areas covered: Although two-dimensional echocardiography (2DE) is the recommended imaging modality to evaluate the LV, three-dimensional echocardiography (3DE) has proven to be more accurate, by avoiding geometric assumptions about LV geometry, and to have incremental value for outcome prediction in comparison to conventional 2DE. LV shape (sphericity) and mass are actually measured with 3DE. Myocardial deformation analysis using 3DE can early detect subclinical LV dysfunction, before any detectable change in LV ejection fraction.Expert opinion: 3DE eliminates the errors associated with foreshortening and geometric assumptions inherent to 2DE and 3DE measurements approach very closely those obtained by CMR (the current reference modality), while maintaining the unique clinical advantage of a safe, highly cost/effective, portable imaging technique, available to the cardiologist at bedside to translate immediately the echocardiography findings into the clinical decision-making process.