jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Transitory and Permanent Shocks in the Global Market for Crude Oil

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper documents the determinants of real oil price in the global market based on SVAR model embedding transitory and permanent shocks on oil demand and supply as well as speculative disturbances.We find evidence of significant differences in the propagation mechanisms of transitory versus permanent shocks, pointing to the importance of disentangling their distinct effects.Permanent supply disruptions turn out to be a bigger factor in historical oil price movements during the most recent decades, while speculative shocks became less influential.
Circulating tumor DNA and RNA as an exploratory biomarker to evaluate GT0918 in a phase I/II clinical trial in mCRPC patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) is a complex disease with distinct molecular features in relation to genomic instability and selective treatment pressure. Circulating tumor DNA and RNA fragments (ctDNA & ctRNA) found in blood offers the potential of disease diagnosis, monitoring and resistance mechanism interrogation by detecting genomic alterations from tumor. We explored ctDNA & ctRNA-based biomarkers from patient blood to assess their associations with clinical response of GT0918, a potent AR antagonist, in a Phase 1/2 clincal study in mCRPC who progressed after abiraterone or enzalutamide and docetaxol, or cannot tolerate either or both therapies. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of blood samples from mCRPC patients collected at baseline, on- and after study during the trial. A highly sensitive ctDNA- & ctRNA-based NGS assay was developed to detect mutation, copy number gain, fusion and splicing variants. Statistical analyses were performed in R. Results: 20 blood samples were collected at multiple time points from 8 patients. CtDNA-based variants are detected in all of patients. The most frequent mutations are TP53 (55.0%) and AR (30.0%). Combined mutation rates in PTEN-PI3K-AKT and DNA damage repair pathways (BRCA1/BRCA2/ATM) are both 35.0%. Importantly, AR hotspot mutations (W742C, T878A, and S889G) and amplifications are detected in 4 subjects. AR splicing variants (AR-V3, AR-V7) were found in 3 patients by ctRNA assay. Interestingly, one AR-V3+ patient became negative during the treatment accompanied by a decrease of other molecular biomarkers including prostate-specific SPOP mutation and cfDNA yield. In contrast, another patient who was AR-V3+ at C4D1, had constantly high AR amplification and increasing cfDNA yields over treatment. Last, as a hallmark of prostate cancer, TMPRSS2-ERG fusion was also detected in 2 patients. Conclusions: This is a preliminary study to explore genomic alterations in mCRPC in response to GT0918 treatment. As a non-invasive assay, the ctDNA & ctRNA-based assay was highly sensitive and provided useful molecular insights for monitoring treatment effect and deciphering drug sensitivity & resistance mechanisms. Clinical trial identification: NCT02826772. Legal entity responsible for the study: Suzhou Kintor Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Funding: Suzhou Kintor Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Disclosure: M. Tan, S. Zhang, Z. Zhao, A. Wang, D. Cheung, P. Du, J. Yu: Sockholder: Predicine, Inc. S. Jia: CEO and stockholder: Predicine, Inc. C. Guo, Y. Tong, K. Zhou: Stockholder: Suzhou Kintor Pharmaceutials, Inc.
Trends in antiretroviral treatment use and treatment response in three Australian states in the first decade of combination antiretroviral treatment

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives: To determine if there were any differences in antiretroviral treatment (ART) use across the three eastern states of Australia, New South Wales (NSW), Victoria and Queensland, during the period 1997 to 2006. Methods: We used data from a clinic-based cohort, the Australian HIV Observational Database (AHOD), to determine the proportion of HIV-infected patients on ART in selected clinics in each state and the proportion of treated patients with an undetectable viral load. Data from the national Highly Specialised Drugs program and AHOD were used to estimate total numbers of individuals on ART and the proportion of individuals living with HIV on ART nationally and by state. Data from the HIV Futures Survey and the Gay Community Periodic Survey were used to determine the proportion of community-based men who have sex with men on ART. The proportion of patients with primary HIV infection (PHI) who commenced ART within 1 year of diagnosis was obtained from the Acute Infection and Early Disease Research Program (AIEDRP) CORE01 protocol and Primary HIV and Early Disease Research: Australian Cohort (PHAEDRA) cohorts. Results: We estimated that the numbers of individuals on ART increased from 3181 to 4553 in NSW, 1309 to 1926 in Victoria and 809 to 1615 in Queensland between 2000 and 2006. However, these numbers may reflect a lower proportion of individuals living with HIV on ART in NSW compared with the other states (37% compared with 49 and 55% in 2000). We found similar proportions of HIV-positive men who have sex with men participants were on ART in all three states over the study period in the clinic-based AHOD cohort (81–92%) and two large, community-based surveys in Australia (69–85% and 49–83%). Similar proportions of treated patients had an undetectable viral load across the three states, with a consistently increasing trend over time observed in all states. We found that more PHI patients commenced treatment in the first year following HIV diagnosis in NSW compared with Victoria; however, the sample size was very small. Conclusions: For the most part, patterns of ART use were similar across NSW, Victoria and Queensland using a range of available data from cohort studies, community surveys and national prescription databases in Australia. However, there may be a lower proportion of individuals living with HIV on ART in NSW compared with the other states, and there is some indication of a more aggressive treatment approach with PHI patients in NSW compared with Victoria.
On the adaptation of context-aware services

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Ubiquitous networking empowered by Beyond 3G networking makes it possible for mobile users to access networked software services across heterogeneous infrastructures by resource-constrained devices. Heterogeneity and device limitedness creates serious problems for the development and deployment of mobile services that are able to run properly on the execution context and are able to ensures that users experience the "best" Quality of Service possible according to their needs and specific contexts of use. To face these problems the concept of adaptable service is increasingly emerging in the software community. In this paper we describe how CHAMELEON, a declarative framework for tailoring adaptable services, is used within the IST PLASTIC project whose goal is the rapid and easy development/deployment of self-adapting services for B3G networks.
Response to Precision on the Scope on the Combined Comorbidity Index Published in: Validation of the Combined Comorbidity Index of Charlson and Elixhauser to Predict 30-Day Mortality Across ICD-9 and ICD-10

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Simard, Marc MSc*; Sirois, Caroline PhD*,†,‡; Candas, Bernard PhD†,§ Author Information
Development and Effects of Smart Personalized Assessment(SPA) System for Using of Diagnostic and Formative Assessment in Earth Science Classes

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to develop SPA system using diagnostic and formative assessment in earth science classes in order to discuss its effect on learning achievement and self-directed learning attitude. For this purpose, we developed total management system, app for teachers, and app for students. This research was practiced to 76 students in 5th grade. The results are as follows. Firstly, the group taking a class used by app for diagnostic and formative assessment had an effect of improving learning achievement. However, as for learning achievement long term endurance test, the group taking a class using app for diagnostic and formative assessment had no effect. Secondly, the group taking a class using apps for diagnostic and formative assessment had an effect of improving learners’ self-directed learning attitude. As for self-directed long-term endurance test, the group taking a class using app for diagnostic and formative assessment had an effect. In conclusion, I hope that this SPA system might apply to the science classes as it is a system that will satisfy the needs of both teachers and students, giving much needed feedback to students.
Dramatic Enhancement of Thermoelectric Performance in PbTe by Unconventional Grain Shrinking in the Sintering Process

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Nanostructure engineering is a key strategy for tailoring properties in the fields of batteries, solar cells, thermoelectrics, and so on. Limited by grain coarsening, however, the nanostructure effect gradually degrades during the materials’ manufacturing and in‐service period. Herein, a strategy of cleavage‐fracture for grain shrinking is developed in a Pb 0.98 Sb 0.02 Te sample during sintering, and the grain size remains stable after repeated tests. Moreover, the initial grain boundary is filled by fractured slender grains and enriched by dislocations, evolving into a hierarchical grain‐boundary structure. The lattice thermal conductivity ( k lat ) is greatly reduced to approach the amorphous limit. As a result, a record‐high ZT value of ≈1.9 is obtained at 815 K in the n‐type Pb 0.98 Sb 0.02 Te sample and a decent efficiency of 6.7% in thermoelectric device. This strategy for grain shrinking will shed light on the application of nanostructure engineering under high temperature and extreme conditions in other material systems.
Mortality in Moscow and other megacities of the world: similarities and differences

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper is devoted to the comparison of mortality by cause of death in Moscow and other megacities of the world since 1990. The selection of megacities was determined by the availability of detailed mortality data in the selected period. The objects of our comparison are data for Berlin, Hong Kong, London, Los Angeles, New York, Singapore, St. Petersburg, and Tokyo. Mortality from major groups of causes of death are considered, including cardiovascular diseases, neoplasms, external causes, diseases of the respiratory and digestive systems, infections and some others. The analysis uses standardised mortality rates by cause of death. The mortality level in Moscow is significantly lower than in the majority of regions of Russia, but is still substantially higher than in foreign megacities. Due to a big lag at the beginning of the period, the mortality level in Moscow nowadays is higher than in all selected foreign megalopolises in the year 2000. Where Moscow’s mortality level lags most behind others is in mortality from circulatory diseases and external causes. Moscow's successes in reducing mortality in 2000-2014 are very impressive. However, it is difficult to predict how events will unfold in the deteriorating economic situation.
Hyperactive mTORC1 signaling is unaffected by metformin treatment in aged skeletal muscle

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Introduction : Appropriate activation of growth signaling pathways, specifically mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), is central to muscle mass and metabolism. The goal of these studies was to examine the effects of metformin on mTORC1 signaling in aged skeletal muscle in an attempt to normalize growth signaling. Methods : Aged (23m) and young (3m) male mice were fed a low fat diet without or with 0.5% metformin for up to 8 weeks, then mTORC1‐related signaling was examined in the plantar flexor complex. Results : Metformin had no significant effect on lowering body weight or muscle mass in aged animals, nor altered p70 S6 Kinase 1 (S6K1) and 4E‐binding protein 1 (4E‐BP1) phosphorylation. However, it significantly ( P < 0.05) reduced body weight and lowered S6K1 and rpS6 phosphorylation in the young. Conclusions : Collectively, these data suggest metformin is ineffective at normalizing growth signaling in aged skeletal muscle. Muscle Nerve 53 : 107–117, 2016
Structural DNA Nanotechnology: From Bases to Bricks, From Structure to Function

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The two fields of structural DNA nanotechnology and functional nucleic acids have been independently coevolving, with the former seeking to arrange and bring about movement of nucleic acid modules precisely and with control in space and the latter producing modules with incredible diversity in effective recognition and function. Here, we track the key developments in structural DNA nanotechnology that reveal a current trend that is seeing the integration of functional nucleic acid modules into their architectures to access a range of new functions. This contribution will seek to provide a perspective for the field of structural DNA nanotechnology where the integration of such functional modules on precisely controlled architectures can uncover phenomena of interest to physical chemists.
Carbamylation reduces the capacity of IgG for hexamerization and complement activation

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Summary Carbamylation is a post-translational modification that can be detected on a range of proteins, including immunoglobulin (Ig)G, in several clinical conditions. Carbamylated IgG (ca-IgG) was reported to lose its capacity to trigger complement activation, but the mechanism remains unclear. Because C1q binds with high affinity to hexameric IgG, we analyzed whether carbamylation of IgG affects binding of C1q, hexamerization and complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC). Synovial tissues of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients were analyzed for the presence of ca-IgG in vivo. Synovial tissues from RA patients were analyzed for the presence of ca-IgG using mass spectrometry (MS). Monomeric or hexameric antibodies were carbamylated in vitro and quality in solution was controlled. The capacity of ca-IgG to activate complement was analyzed in enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISAs) and cellular CDC assays. Using MS, we identified ca-IgG to be present in the joints of RA patients. Using in vitro carbamylated antibodies, we observed that ca-IgG lost its capacity to activate complement in both solid-phase and CDC assays. Mixing ca-IgG with non-modified IgG did not result in effective inhibition of complement activation by ca-IgG. Carbamylation of both monomeric IgG and preformed hexameric IgG greatly impaired the capacity to trigger complement activation. Furthermore, upon carbamylation, the preformed hexameric IgG dissociated into monomeric IgG in solution, indicating that carbamylation influences both hexamerization and C1q binding. In conclusion, ca-IgG can be detected in vivo and has a strongly reduced capacity to activate complement which is, in part, mediated through a reduced ability to form hexamers.
Tandem 18O Stable Isotope Labeling for Quantification of N-Glycoproteome

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

A new strategy using tandem (18)O stable isotope labeling (TOSIL) to quantify the N-glycosylation site occupancy is reported. Three heavy oxygen atoms are introduced into N-glycosylated peptides: two (18)O atoms are incorporated into the carboxyl terminal of all peptides during a tryptic digestion, and the third (18)O atom is incorporated into the N-glycosylation site of asparagines-linked sugar chains specifically via a N-glycosidase F (PNGase F)-mediated hydrolysis. Comparing samples treated in H(2)(18)O and samples treated in H(2)(16)O, a unique mass shift of 6 Da can be shown for N-glycosylated peptide with single glycosylation site, which could be easily distinguished from those nonglycosite peptide pairs with a mass difference of 4 Da only. The relative quantities of N-glycosylated and its parent protein-levels were obtained simultaneous by measuring the intensity ratios of (18)O/(16)O for glycosylated (6 Da) and for nonglycosylated (4 Da) peptides, respectively. Thus, a comparison of these two ratios can be utilized to evaluate the changes of occupancy of N-glycosylation at specific sites between healthy and diseased individuals. The TOSIL approach yielded good linearity in quantitative response within 10-fold dynamic range with the correlation coefficient r(2) > 0.99. The standard deviation (SD) ranged from 0.06 to 0.21, for four glycopeptides from two model glycoproteins. Furthermore, serums from a patient with ovarian cancer and healthy individual were used as test examples to validate the novel TOSIL method. A total of 86 N-glycosylation sites were quantified and N-glycosylation levels of 56 glycopeptides showed significant changes. Most changes in N-glycosylation at specific sites have the same trends as those of protein expression levels; however, the occupancies of three N-glycosylation sites were significantly changed with no change in proteins levels.
ANOMALOUS CALIFORNIA WINTERS AND THE ENSO PHENOMENA

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Climate anomalies in California associated with ENSO episodes between 1910 and 1984 are investigated using “Superposed Epoch Analysis” techniques tested against randomization for statistical significance of the identified signals. The results indicate that statistically significant temperature departures from seasonal normals are associated with ENSO events and are characterized by positive anomalies in all seasons but especially in the key season of the event year and in the winter following the key season. Temperature anomalies associated with ENSO increase inversely with latitude. The largest temperature anomalies in the station superpositions occur not in the key season but in the winter following. This two-year persistence of temperature anomalies may be important in long-range forecasting. The spring and summer of the second year of the cycle are significantly warmer than the preceding two springs and summers. From the station superpositions, significant positive precipitation anomalies accompany the key seasons of ENSO episodes and persist through the following winter while the winter preceding the key season is abnormally dry. Areally averaged superpositions depict a dry winter and spring preceding the key ENSO season, a wet winter and spring in the episode year persisting into the following winter and spring in the north. A similar pattern exists in the south except that the fall and winter following the key season are abnormally wet. A division of ENSO episodes into “wet” and “dry” events produces no significant foreshadowing characteristics but highlights the indeterminacy of weather types associated with ENSO teleconnections in California as latitude increases. [Key words: climate, climatic anomaly, El Nino/Southern Oscillation, ENSO, California.]
SH0933008.09FU

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.
Applications of Lie symmetry analysis to the quantum Brownian motion model.

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Lie symmetry group methods provide a useful tool for the analysis of differential equations in a variety of areas in physics and applied mathematics. The nature of symmetry is that it provides information on properties which remain invariant under transformation. In differential equations this invariance provides a route toward complete integrations, reductions, linearisations and analytical solutions which can evade standard techniques of analysis. In this thesis we study two problems in quantum mechanics from a symmetry perspective: We consider for pedagogical purposes the linear time dependent Schrodinger equation in a potential and provide a symmetry analysis of the resulting equations. Thereafter, as an original contribution, we study the group theoretic properties of the density matrix equation for the quantum Brownian motion of a free particle interacting with a bath of harmonic oscillators. We provide a number of canonical reductions of the system to equations of reduced dimensionality as well as several complete integrations.
Religious Foundations of Culture (The Controversy Between Simon Frank and Simon Lurie on “Vekhi”)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The author analyses discussion that took place between S. Frank and S. Lurje concerning “Vekhi” (“Landmarks”). In this context, the author’s objective is to show the evolution of S. Frank’s outlook on culture and religion, which developed in three stages: the humanistic individualism, the religious humanism, and the Christian realism.
AN ANALYSIS OF TEACHER PEDAGOGICAL COMPETENCE IN TEACHING ENGLISH FOR SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL LEARNERS

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

<p class="s16"><span class="s12">This research is motivated by the results of observations in the </span><span class="s12">field,</span><span class="s12"> most teachers are still less effective in the learning process. Teachers are still lacking in assessing and evaluating learning. So in this study the researchers focused on pedagogic competence, because basically pedagogic competence is one of the important competencies that must be possessed by a teacher in teaching and learning activities.</span></p><p class="s16"><span class="s12">This study aims to determine the pedagogic competence of teachers at SMA N2 SEI KANAN. The research method used is descriptive qualitative research method. The research subjects who were used as research informants were English teachers. Data collection techniques in this study were observation, interviews and documentation. This study uses three instruments, namely observation sheets, interview sheets and documentation. The data analysis technique in this study uses the theory of Milles and </span><span class="s12">Huberman</span><span class="s12"> which includes three stages, namely data reduction, data display and conclusion drawing. This study uses </span><span class="s12">a credibility</span><span class="s12"> test to test the validity of the data.</span></p><p class="s16"><span class="s12">The researcher's findings show that pedagogic competence is in the "pretty good" category, including the ability to master student characteristics, curriculum development competence, and communication competence. Competence in comprehending learning theory and teaching principles of learning, competency in educating learning activities, competence in developing student potential, and competence in assessment and evaluation are among the pedagogic competencies in the bad group. As a result, it can be inferred that instructors' pedagogic competency at SMA N2 SEI KANAN is still lacking.</span></p>