jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Modulation of the Immune Response by Passive Antibodies

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

The present work is an attempt at understanding the modulating effects of passive antibodies on the immune response to a sustained antigenic stimulation. Passive anti-carrier and anti-hapten antibodies were injected 24 h before immunization with the hapten-carrier conjugate into guinea pigs subsequently injected intradermally with the carrier alone on days 11 and 23. The results showed that passive anti-carrier antibodies blocked the effects of intradermal injections of carrier, i.e., desensitization and increase of antibody synthesis to the carrier. Passive anti-hapten antibodies did not prevent desensitization and delayed antibody synthesis to the carrier. The mechanisms whereby passive antibodies modulate the response to a sustained antigenic stimulation are discussed.
Severe diuretic-induced hyponatremia in the elderly. A series of eight patients.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Eight elderly patients with severe diuretic-induced hyponatremia (mean serum sodium level [+/- SD], 110 +/- 2 mEq/L [110 +/- 2 mmol/L]) and overt neurological manifestations were treated with 3% sodium chloride. Within 28.8 +/- 6 hours of treatment, the serum sodium level was corrected to 132 +/- 5.6 mEq/L (132 +/- 5.6 mmol/L), indicating a correction rate of 0.78 +/- 0.26 mEq/L/h (0.78 +/- 0.26 mmol/L/h). Seven of the eight patients recovered from the neurological insult and were discharged from the hospital. One patient died of an unrelated illness. Severe diuretic-induced hyponatremia seems to be predisposed by age, sex, and body weight. Patients with this entity are usually old, female, and underweight. Associated conditions (eg, intractable diarrhea, tube feeding, hypoglycemic drugs, polydipsia, and cerebrovascular accidents) may play a role in the pathogenesis of the syndrome.
Structural and magnetic properties and tunnel magnetoresistance for Co2(Cr,Fe)Al and Co2FeSi full-Heusler alloys

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

We have investigated the structure and magnetization of Co2(Cr1−xFex)Al (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) and Co2FeSi full-Heusler alloy films deposited on thermally oxidized Si (SiO2) and MgO (001) single crystal substrates by ultra-high vacuum sputtering at various temperatures. The films were also post-annealed after deposition at room temperature (RT). Magnetic tunnel junctions with a full-Huesler alloy electrode were fabricated with a stacking structure of Co2YZ (20 nm)/Al (1.2 nm)-oxide/Co75Fe25 (3 nm)/IrMn (15 nm)/Ta (60 nm) and microfabricated using electron beam lithography and Ar ion etching with a 102 µm2 junction area, where Co2YZ stands for Co2(Cr1−xFex)Al or Co2FeSi. The tunnel barriers were formed by the deposition of 1.2 nm Al, followed by plasma oxidization in the chamber. The x-ray diffraction revealed the A2 or B2 structure depending on heat treatment conditions and the substrate, but not L21 structure for the Co2(Cr1−xFex)Al (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) films. The L21 structure, however, was obtained for the Co2FeSi films when deposited on a MgO (001) substrate at elevated temperatures above 473 K. The maximum tunnelling magnetoresistance (TMR) was obtained with 52% at RT and 83% at 5 K for a junction using a Co2(Cr0.4Fe0.6)Al electrode. While the junction using a Co2FeSi electrode with the L21 structure exhibited the TMR of 41% at RT and 60% at 5 K, which may be improved by using a buffer layer for reducing the lattice misfit between the Co2FeSi and MgO (001) substrate.
Preliminary study on pathogens of Scots pine needle cast

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Observation of the symptom of Scots pine needle cast and the separating and cultural method of the pathogen was introduced in the paper The result of preliminary study on morphology and cultural characteristics of the pathogen indicated that the pathogen was Lophodermella salcigena which was classified to Lophodermium, Rhytismataceae, Phacidiales, Discomycetes, Ascomycotina
Low spatial congruence between temporal functional β‐diversity and temporal taxonomic and phylogenetic β‐diversity in British avifauna

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Assessing spatial and temporal patterns of biodiversity change is essential to understand how communities vary over time and confront to environmental changes for the resilience of ecosystem functioning. We use data from two bird atlases of Britain collected during the breeding periods 1988–1991 and 2008–2011 to measure temporal β‐diversity of taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic dimensions and examine the relationship and the level of congruence of the three dimensions of temporal β‐diversity and their respective partitioned components (turnover‐nestedness). Temporal β‐diversity, turnover and nestedness patterns were highly congruent for the taxonomic and phylogenetic dimension, although these dimensions were weakly associated with the functional dimension. We found higher levels of temporal changes for the taxonomic (mean Jaccard β‐diversity 0.27) and phylogenetic (mean Jaccard β‐diversity 0.21) dimensions than for the functional dimension (mean Jaccard β‐diversity 0.09), implying that despite the changes in species composition the functional composition of the communities remained less affected. For taxonomic and phylogenetic dimensions, turnover contributed more than nestedness to shaping β‐diversity, while for functional β‐diversity the two components contributed similarly. Communities at higher altitudes were also more functionally similar in 20 years but with more changes in taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity possibly due to environmental filtering. We hypothesize that the low congruence might be due to species with extreme trait values persisting throughout time and retaining the volume of functional space and thus contributing to the low temporal change of functional diversity despite the high levels of change in species composition, perhaps an indication of functional “stability.”
Characteristics of hormonal and metabolic abnormalities in women and men with acne

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The basis of acne pathophysiology is hormonal stimulation of the sebaceous glands and the formation of follicular hyperkeratosis. Currently, there is a lot of data on hormonal abnormalities in acne in women, but there are no systematic studies on hormonal and metabolic abnormalities in general in men and women and their relationship with acne development. The aim of this study was to optimize the data on hormonal and metabolic abnormalities in acne in women and men. Material and methods . 230 patients were observed, the median age was 21.0 [19.0; 22.0] years: in men – 20.0 [20.0; 22.0] (n = 129), in women – 22 [20.0; 23.0] (n = 101). The study included a dermatological examination with determination of the GAGS severity index, a biochemical blood test, and an assessment of the hormonal status of patients. Upon completion of the examination data registration, a comparative and correlation analysis of the results was performed. Study results. It was found that in men with acne, hormonal and metabolic abnormalities are recorded in half of the patients and are characterized by the predominant formation of dyslipidemia and a significant increase in DHT and total testosterone. In women, hormonal and metabolic abnormalities were manifested by impaired glucose metabolism, an increase in LH and total testosterone, which were noted in a third of patients. The identified hormonal and metabolic status disorders directly correlated with the severity of the disease and did not depend on the age of the patients.
Use of Boey’s score in peptic perforation disease in the Nepalese population: a prospective observational study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Peptic ulcer perforation carries high mortality and morbidity. Boey’s score is shown to be a simple scoring system to help predict morbidity and mortality. This is a prospective observational study to evaluate the applicability of Boey’s score in predicting mortality and morbidity in Nepalese patients. Methods: This study was conducted in the Dept. of Surgery, Nepal Medical College and Teaching Hospital (NMCTH), Attarkhel, Jorpati between 1st of July 2012 to 30th June 2019 over a period of 7 years. This was a prospective observational study. All patients who underwent laparotomy for suspected peptic ulcer perforation peritonitis were included in the study. Results: Fourty-seven patients were included in the study. Male patients outnumbered females by a ratio of almost 4:1. Eighteen (38%) patients had Boey’s score of 1, and 7 (15 %) patients had a Boey’s score of 3. Overall postoperative mortality was 7 (15%). Boey’s score predicted morbidity and mortality with a p-value of <0.01. The length of hospital stay was also more in patients with a higher score and it was statistically significant. Conclusions: Boey’s score is both easy and effective in predicting postoperative morbidity, mortality and length of hospital stay.
Outcomes of Mulligan Concept Applications in Obese Individuals with Chronic Mechanical Low Back Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: Various treatment modalities have been employed for mechanical low back pain (MLBP), but evidence of their efficacy varies greatly. Objectıve: This randomized controlled trial aimed to assess the outcomes of Mulligan concept applications, including sustained natural apophyseal glides (SNAGS) and natural apophyseal glides (NAGS), in obese patients with MLBP. Methods: The study, conducted between January 2021 and June 2022 at a tertiary hospital, involved randomizing patients into two groups. Both groups underwent six sessions of stretching and strengthening exercises every other day. The Mulligan group received additional intervention with SNAG and NAGS techniques. Measurements were made regarding the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) score, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) score and range of motion (ROM) for the patients’ MLBP level. Results: Post-interventions, both groups exhibited positive changes in flexion ROM, extension ROM, right and left rotation ROM, right and left lateral flexion ROM, VAS score, and ODI score compared to pre-intervention (p < 0.001 for both groups and variables). The Mulligan group showed a higher increase in ROM and a more significant decrease in VAS and ODI scores. Conclusıons: Mulligan mobilization techniques prove significantly beneficial for enhancing ROM in all directions, reducing pain levels, and alleviating disability in obese individuals with MLBP.
Physical activity improves age‐related decline in the osteogenic potential of rats' bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Aim: To examine whether physical activity increases osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells ( BMMSC s) from adult rats compared with young rats. Methods: Eighteen female W istar rats were divided into three groups and the following cells isolated: (1) differentiated BMMSC s from young donors, (2) differentiated BMMSC s from sedentary adult donors and (3) differentiated BMMSC s from active adult donors. We analysed MTT conversion, percentage of cells per field, mineralized nodule number and gene expression for telomerase reverse transcriptase ( TERT ), alkaline phosphatase, caspase 3, osteocalcin, bone sialoprotein and collagen I . Results: Telomerase reverse transcriptase expression and the percentage of cells per field in BMMSC s cultures from adult rats were smaller than those observed in young donors. However, levels of caspase 3 expression were higher in BMMSC s from adult donors ( P < 0.05). Despite the fact that physical activity was associated with an increase in expression of caspase 3 ( P < 0.05), there was no difference in the percentage of cells per field between groups of adult BMMSC s (active or sedentary). However, physical activity increased the number of mineralized nodules and osteocalcin expression after 21 days, and alkaline phosphatase expression at 7, 14 and 21 days in the BMMSC s of adult donors ( P < 0.05). However, those values were smaller when compared with young donors BMMSC s ( P < 0.05). Only the expression levels of alkaline phosphatase were similar to young donors BMMSC s ( P ≥ 0.05). Conclusion: Physical activity increases osteogenic differentiation of BMMSC s from adult donors but does not increase the differentiation to the levels observed in BMMSC s from young donor rats.
A deep learning-based approach for identifying bad data in power systems

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In the actual operation process, some of the power system bad data identification methods have the problem of low accuracy, for this reason, a deep learning-based power system bad data identification method is designed to improve this defect. The data is collected from power system users, the phase deviation caused by non-integer sampling is reduced by high sampling rate, the measurement signal period is obtained, the operational state of the distribution network is evaluated based on deep learning, the state vector is calculated, the maximum standard residual value is found, the location of the bad data is obtained, and the bad data identification method is designed. Experimental results: The mean accuracy of the power system bad data identification method in the paper is: 78.26%, which indicates that the designed power system bad data identification method performs better after fully integrating the deep learning.
APPLICATIONS OF COLD ATMOSPHERIC GAS PLASMAS FOR MICROBIAL DECONTAMINATION IN THE FOOD INDUSTRY

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The last 20 years have seen the emergence of a novel technology capable of generating gas plasmas in the open air and at temperatures that are only slightly above ambient. These so-called Cold Atmospheric Plasmas (CAP) have characteristics that render them particularly suitable for a variety of applications in the food industry. In this presentation prevalence will be given to microbial decontamination. In particular, understanding the mechanism of microbial inactivation is important as if the most lethal plasma species can be identified, it may prove possible to ‘tune’ the plasmas so as to maximise their production. Preliminary investigations undertaken by our group have gone some way to addressing this issue. One of the most promising applications of CAP is in the treatment of fresh uncooked foods, and results are presented here attesting to the efficacy of plasmas in inactivating a range of micro-organisms at or near the surface of fruits. The possibilities for using plasmas for destruction of allergens and spongiform encephalopathies are also considered.
Perspective: Acoustic Metamaterials in Future Engineering

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Acoustic metamaterials (AMMs) are a type of artificial materials that make use of appropriate structural designs and exhibit exotic properties not found in natural materials, such as negative effective material parameters (e.g., bulk modulus, mass density, and refractive index). These interesting properties offer novel means for sound manipulation and thus have drawn a great deal of attention. Over the past two decades, tremendous progress has been made in the fundamental research of AMMs, which has not only promoted the development of modern acoustics but also shown the potential of AMMs for engineering applications. Here, we review recent developments in AMMs with a focus on their future engineering, especially in the most promising fields of sound absorption/isolation, acoustic imaging, cloaking, and so on, furthermore, we outline the opportunities and challenges they are encountering.
Surface‐free energy and bacterial adhesion

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Abstract Conflicting reports have been presented on the rôle of substratum surface free energy (s.f.e.) on bacterial adherence. It is the aim of the present study to evaluate the effect of the s.f.e. of substrata on bacterial adherence in vivo. The following substrata with s.f.e. varying from 23.3.–124.9 erg·cm −2 were cut into facings of 5 by 6 mm. polished and cleaned: polytetrafluorethylene (PTFE). Parafilm. polyvinylchloride (PVC). polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), bovine dentin, bovine enamel and glass. In 5 beagle dogs, 7–9 years old. part of the buccal periodontium of the upper cuspids was excised and crowns were made and cemented with a non‐fluoridated cement. The facings were placed in the crowns and placed in the oral cavity for 2 h. After removal, the facings were rinsed in saline. S.f.e. was assessed from contact angles with water, water/ n ‐propanol mixtures and a‐bromonaphthalene. according to the concept of dispersion and polar components, firstly on clean air dried facings and later on facings exposed to the oral cavity for 2 h. Immediately after rinsing, the water contact angle was measured as a function of time, to monitor the evaporation of free water from the protein layer adsorbed on the substrata which had been exposed to the oral cavity. It appeared that after a rapid increase in contact angle, a stable maximum value was obtained after 40–120 min depending on the substratum. S.f.e.'s of the protein‐coated substrata were subsequently determined after a 120 min drying period. Following the contact angle determinations, the exposed facings were stained with ethidram bromide, enabling fluorescence microscopical counting of the adhered microorganisms. The oral environment markedly changed the substratum s.f.e.'s. Salivary protein adsorption reduced differences originally present in s.f.e. Low values increased, while high values decreased, yielding an average value of about 80 erg·cm − 2. More micro‐organisms adhered to substrata with an initially high s.f.e. than to substrata with an initially low s.f.e. (PTFE and Parafilm). The highest number of micro‐organisms adhered to PVC (60·10 4 cm −2 ), the lowest to Parafilm (60·10 4 cm −2 ). It is interesting to note, that this relation was obtained, despite the fact that surfaces in the oral cavity are almost immediately covered with an adsorbed protein layer, shielding the physicochemical characteristics of the underlying substrata.
Glutamine Transporter as a Target of mTOR Signaling Modulating Longevity

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Mice that express reduced levels of the c‐Myc gene ( Myc +/− heterozygotes) are long‐lived. Myc hypomorphic mice display reduced rates of protein translation and decreased activity of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) complex 1 (mTORC1). Given the prominent effect of mTOR on aging, lower mTORC1 activity could contribute to the exceptional longevity and enhanced healthspan of Myc +/− animals. However, given the downstream position of MYC in these signaling cascades, the mechanism through which mTORC1 activity is downregulated in Myc +/− mice is not understood. We have found that the high‐affinity glutamine transporter SLC1A5, which is critical for activation of mTORC1 activity by amino acids, is a transcriptional target of MYC. Myc +/− cells display decreased Slc1a5 gene expression that leads to lower glutamine uptake and consequently reduced mTORC1 activity. Decreased mTORC1 activity in turn mediates an elevation of fatty acid oxidation (FAO) by indirectly upregulating the expression of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1a ( Cpt1a ) that mediates the rate‐limiting step of β‐oxidation. Increased FAO has been noted in a number of long‐lived mouse models. Taken together, our results show that transcriptional feedback loops regulated by MYC modulate upstream signaling pathways such as mTOR and impact FAO on an organismal level. Support or Funding Information Supported by NIH grant R37 AG016694 to J.M.S.
Successful outcome in a twin pregnancy with hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy type –II complicated with heart disease and preclampsia superimposed on chronic hypertension

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Heridetary motor and sensory neuropathy (HMSN TYPE-2) reflects reduction in the number of primary motor and sensory neurons. The occurrence of this disease is rare in pregnancy but may be exaggerated in pregnancy leading to preeclampsia / eclampsia. Here is a 28 years old 2nd gravidae with twin pregnancy at 31 weeks hospitalized with HMSN TYPE-2 disease and was managed successfully with good feto maternal outcome
Choral-Orchestral Repertoire: A Conductor's Guide

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Choral-Orchestral Repertoire: A Conductor’s Guide, Omnibus Edition offers an expansive compilation of choral-orchestral works from 1600 to the present. Synthesizing Jonathan D. Green’s earlier six volumes on this repertoire, this edition updates and adds to the over 750 oratorios, cantatas, choral symphonies, masses, secular works for large and small ensembles, and numerous settings of liturgical and biblical texts for a wide variety of vocal and instrumental combinations. Each entry includes a brief biographical sketch of the composer, approximate duration, text sources, performing forces, available editions, and locations of manuscript materials, as well as descriptive commentary, a discography, and a bibliography. Unique to this edition are practitioner’s evaluations of the performance issues presented in each score. These include the range, tessitura, and nature of each solo role and a determination of the difficulty of the choral and orchestral portions of each composition. There is also a description of the specific challenges, staffing, and rehearsal expectations related to the performance of each work.
Multi-scale approaches for the statistical analysis of microarray data (with an application to 3D vesicle tracking)

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The recent developments in experimental methods for gene data analysis, called microarrays, provide the possibility of interrogating changes in the expression of a vast number of genes in cell or tissue cultures and thus in depth exploration of disease conditions. As part of an ongoing program of research in Guy A. Rutter (G.A.R.) laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, UK, with support from the Welcome Trust, we study the impact of established and of potentially new methods to the statistical analysis of gene expression data.
EVALUATION OF SECONDARY METABOLITES OF SHOREA TUMBUGGAIA ROXB. A GLOBALLY THREATENED MEDICINAL TREE TAXA OF SHESHACHALAM BIOSPHERE RESERVE Research Article

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Shorea tumbuggaia Roxb. a globally threatened medicinal tree taxa is valued for its timber and pharmaceutical properties. The present work is aimed to screen secondary metabolites from root, stem, stembark and leaves of S. tumbuggaia. The results revealed that the plant is source for different secondary metabolites like anthocyanins, emodins, triterpenoids, tannins, saponins, luecoanthocyanins, reducing sugars, flavonoids, lignins, anthroquniones, phenols and glycosides. But steroids, coumarins, fatty acids and alkaloids are absent. The number of secondary metabolites varied in different parts the order is stembark > stem > leaf > root. The stembark proved an excellent source for maximum number of secondary metabolites among the selected plant parts. The findings of the present study will be helpful to the phytochemists and pharmacologists for identification of new active compounds.