jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Automatic particle detectors lead to a new generation in plant diversity investigation

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Technological progress in modern scientific development generates opportunities that create new ways to learn more about objects and systems of nature. An important indicator in choosing research methods is not only accuracy but also the time and human resources required to achieve results. This research demonstrates the possibilities of using an automatic particle detector that works based on scattered light pattern and laser-induced fluorescence for plant biodiversity investigation. Airborne pollen data were collected by two different devices, and results were analysed in light of the application for plant biodiversity observation. This paper explained the possibility to gain knowledge with a new type of method that would enable biodiversity monitoring programs to be extended to include information on the diversity of airborne particles of biological origin. It was revealed that plant conservation could be complemented by new tools to test the effectiveness of management plans and optimise mitigation measures to reduce impacts on biodiversity.
The evolving role of echocardiography in the assessment of patent foramen ovale in patients with left‐side thromboembolism

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Patent foramen ovale (PFO) is the most common congenital cardiac abnormality found approximately in 25% of the adult population The pathophysiological role of paradoxical embolization through the PFO in ischemic stroke is well established. “Self‐expanding double disk” and, more recently, suture‐based “deviceless” systems are used for PFO closure in the setting of secondary prevention after ischemic stroke likely related to paradoxical embolization. Ultrasound plays a significant role in PFO assessment, indication to treatment, intra‐procedural guidance, and follow‐up for those undergoing PFO closure. Three different techniques are frequently used for these purposes: transesophageal echocardiography, transthoracic echocardiogram, and transcranial Doppler. In this review, advantages and limits of these techniques are discussed in detail to improve our skills in detection and treatment of this important condition by using ultrasound.
DO NEURO ONCOLOGY PATIENTS FEEL SUﬃCIENTLY SUPPORTED TO MANAGE THEIR SURGICAL WOUNDS AFTER SURGERY?

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract AIMS Establish if neuro oncology patients feel they are suﬃciently well supported to manage their wounds post operatively. Is there any correlation to patient wound care management and developing wound infections. METHOD There was an anecdotal rise in wound infections in the neuro oncology department, which led to the team investigation a cause. This project was looking to see if patients felt they were suﬃciently supported to manage their wounds post operatively. A survey was sent via email to 94 patient’s who had undergone neurosurgery under the neuro oncology team at a London teaching Hospital in December 2023, January 2024, and February 2024. RESULTS There was a response rate of 23.5%. Overall 96% of patients felt able to manage their wound post operatively. 76% of people wished to have the information on wound care at discharge from hospital. 68% advised that they would like to receive information about wound care via printed material and 76% would like verbal instruction with questions. Patients commented that ‘there was a conﬂict of information’, and ‘the information at discharge could have been better’. They would like information on’ how to clean it [the wound]. 3 patients had a suspect infection but did not have treatment, and 1 had a conﬁrmed infection with treatment. CONCLUSION Neuro oncology patients are able to manage their wounds post operatively, but they feel that they would beneﬁt from extra support via written material, and verbal instructions. Future projects may include developing an evidence based post operative wound care information leaﬂet and instructions for wound care. Although in this cohort there was only 1 conﬁrmed infection, further investigation is needed to establish the cause for the apparent increase.
Treating fibromyoma with herbal medicines in South Cameroon

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The study presents the conclusions of a survey, carried out to determine how, by means of plant recipes, the traditional healers of the South Cameroon treat uterine fibromyoma. Fibromyoma causes primary or secondary level infertility, but not sterility. The population concerned was those of the Ambam Division, South Cameroon. The study listed and studied 46 plant species belonging to 32 families, all used as traditional herbal medicines in the treatment of fibromyoma. And before that, the local traditional healers and the women treated or under treatment were submitted to questionnaires to be filled. During laboratory work, many of the plant species identified in the field, and their therapeutic uses, were compared with the published works on ethnomedicine in Cameroon and may proved to be new. It was also acknowledged that many others, whose effectiveness in the treatment of fibromyoma was being well recognised, were also used for the same purpose in others regions of Cameroon. In the sample retained within the framework of the study, 16.5% of the women were effectively healed.
Climate-driven sulfate export in alpine watersheds may stimulate methylmercury production

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Climate change is increasing sulfate export and changing wetland extent in mountain regions. These changes may increase microbially mediated production of the neurotoxic substance methylmercury due to enhanced sulfate metabolism in mountain environments. Here, we assess methylmercury concentrations and formation rates across high-elevation wetlands in the Colorado Rocky Mountains. We also investigate sulfate controls on methylmercury production within subalpine peatlands by amending soils with sulfate to mimic increased stream export of sulfate from the alpine zone and measuring methylmercury formation rates for different sulfate treatments. We found that subalpine peatlands have statistically significant higher methylmercury concentrations and formation rates compared to alpine, mineral-soil wetlands. Methylmercury production in subalpine peatlands also increased significantly ( p < 0.05) following sulfate additions; the highest rates occurred in sediments with intermediate extractable sulfate concentrations (∼0.60–1.4 mg sulfate g −1 dry soil). Our study is the first to identify soil sulfate-related thresholds for methylmercury production and sulfate-limitation of methylmercury production in subalpine peatlands. These findings highlight important linkages between climate-driven mineral weathering and mercury cycling in mountain regions globally.
A New Problem Emerging With the Internet and Digital Media

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Today, with the developing technology, online social media and social network have emerged as a cultural reality. With the increase in the use of digital media, in the modern age where the real world and the virtual world can be experienced in a synchronized way, digital media offers many opportunities. However, the increase in the time spent on the internet also brings with it undesirable situations such as cyberbullying. Cyberbullying is an act of cyber aggression aimed at harassing or humiliating. Cyberbullying is the behavior that disrupts the social relations of those chosen as victims and aims to arouse negative emotions. Understanding how cyberbullying occurs is very important for the development of strategies to prevent and respond to this attack. In this chapter, the concepts of cyber violence, cyber bullying, traditional bullying, and cyber victimization are explained.
The contribution of decentralised nursing education to social responsibility in rural Arctic Norway

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This study explores and analyses decentralised nursing education in Finnmark County, Northern Norway, from 1991 to 2018. The study may have relevance for educational policy discussions and strategic planning. Our research question has been how decentralised nursing education can contribute to social responsibility by educating nurses rurally. The data collection includes documentation of 15 decentralised classes. The decentralised nursing education programme has been completed in nine rural communities in Finnmark County over 28 years and has resulted in 191 graduated nurses. Educating nurses locally influences recruitment and stability. The location of the study site determines where the recruited students come from. In future decentralised programmes, study sites should be located close to regions with a shortage of nurses. This is especially true of the eastern part of Finnmark, where recruitment to regular on-campus programmes is lowest. Limiting decentralised nursing programmes to local applicants should be considered. By prioritising local applicants, we will fulfil the university's responsibility to place qualified nurses in all parts of Finnmark.
Slovak adolescents’ self-concept in relation to perceived parental acceptance

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Parental responsiveness is considered one of the significant sources of child and adolescent self-esteem.The present study aims to extend empirical knowledge in this area by focusing on the multidimensional self-concept of the Slovak adolescent population.The study aims to clarify the interrelationships between adolescents' self-concept in the Piers-Harris sense and perceived parental acceptance/rejection.The research sample comprises 1,013 Slovak adolescents (73% female, AMage = 17.00,SDage = 1.27).The research instruments used were the ASCSS/Adolescents' Self-concept Short Scale (Veiga & Leite, 2016) and PARQ-S/Parental Acceptance-Rejection Questionnaire Short Version (Rohner, 2005).The results of correlational analyses indicate moderate correlations between adolescents' overall Piers-Harris self-concept and perceived parental responsiveness for both mother and father.Subsequent linear regression confirmed both maternal and paternal overall rejection as a significant negative predictor of adolescent self-concept.Approximately 22% of the variability in adolescent self-concept in the Piers-Harris sense can be explained through these variables.Exploring adolescent self-concept in the context of perceived parental acceptance suggests its importance in forming self-concept even in mid-to-late adolescence.The results are interpreted and discussed in terms of both age and gender.Despite its limitations (self-report measures, sample characteristics, data collection), the study provides results that complement previous research and may be of interest to parents, caregivers, and educators, i.e., all who care about youth's mental health.
Optimum Traffic Allocation in Bundled Energy-Efficient Ethernet Links

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The energy demands of Ethernet links have been an active focus of research in\nthe recent years. This work has enabled a new generation of Energy Efficient\nEthernet (EEE) interfaces able to adapt their power consumption to the actual\ntraffic demands, thus yielding significant energy savings. With the energy\nconsumption of single network connections being a solved problem, in this paper\nwe focus on the energy demands of link aggregates that are commonly used to\nincrease the capacity of a network connection. We build on known energy models\nof single EEE links to derive the energy demands of the whole aggregate as a\nfunction on how the traffic load is spread among its powered links. We then\nprovide a practical method to share the load that minimizes overall energy\nconsumption with controlled packet delay, and prove that it is valid for a wide\nrange of EEE links. Finally, we validate our method with both synthetic and\nreal traffic traces captured in Internet backbones.\n
Renal impairment and mortality in patients with STEMI and cardiogenic shock/cardiac arrest

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Objectives We sought to study the association of renal impairment (RI) with mortality in ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) complicated by cardiogenic shock and/or cardiac arrest (CS/CA). Methods Patients with RI (estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min/1.73 m 2 ) were identified from the Midwest STEMI consortium, a prospective registry of four large regional programs comprising consecutive patients over 17 years. Primary outcome was in‐hospital and 1‐year mortality stratified by RI status and presence of CS/CA among patients with STEMI referred for coronary angiography. Results In a cohort of 13,463 STEMI patients, 13% ( n = 1754) had CS/CA, 30% ( n = 4085) had RI. Overall, in‐hospital mortality was 5% (12% RI vs. 2% no‐RI, p < 0.001) and 1‐year mortality 9% (21% RI vs. 4% no‐RI, p < 0.001). Among uncomplicated STEMI, in‐hospital mortality was 2% (4% RI vs. 1% no‐RI, p < 0.001) and 1‐year mortality 6% (13% RI vs. 3% no‐RI, p < 0.001). In STEMI with CS/CA, in‐hospital mortality was 29% (43% RI vs. 15% no‐RI, p < 0.001) and 1‐year mortality 33% (50% RI vs. 16% no‐RI, p < 0.001). Using Cox proportional hazards, RI was an independent predictor of in‐hospital mortality in STEMI with CS/CA (odds ratio [OR]: 3.86; confidence interval [CI]: 2.6, 5.8). Conclusions The association of RI with in‐hospital and 1‐year mortality is disproportionately greater in those with CS/CA compared to uncomplicated STEMI presentations. Factors predisposing RI patients to higher risk STEMI presentations and pathways to promote earlier recognition in the chain of survival need further investigation.
Evangelicals and the Bible

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This chapter explores early evangelical understandings of the Bible, charting its many and varied uses, primarily devotionally, but also as an inspiration to activism of many kinds. The history of evangelicals and the Bible has also witnessed a number of new developments. The wide range of those developments underscores the depth of evangelical commitment to Scripture but also the complexity of that commitment. While the early generations of evangelicals were concerned with the uses of the Scriptures, the chapter argues that later generations have been more preoccupied with understanding its nature and defending the Bible against attack. From one angle, evangelical appropriations of Scripture have represented only a refinement of dogmas and practices extending back to the dawn of Christianity itself. From another angle, evangelicals since the eighteenth century have generated from the Bible an extraordinary range of wildly creative, confusingly diverse, and often internally contradictory attitudes, uses, convictions, images, and material objects.
Left atrial remodeling at rest predicts an increase in left ventriclar filling pressure upon effort

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose: Undiagnosed dyspnea after routine work-up is far from being exceptional. Suspected latent heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFPEF) at rest could be revealed in a number of patients upon effort, but stress testing cannot be performed systematically. E/e' ratio is linked to invasive measurement of left ventricle (LV) filling pressure (LVFP) at exercise, and exercise E/e' >13 has been proposed to diagnose increasing LVFP. Hypothesis: Considering left atrial (LA) remodeling as the "glycated hemoglobin" of chronic elevation of LVFP, we believe that LA volume at rest can predict an increase in LVFP upon effort. Method: 74 stable patients (59.2±11.3 years, 58 men) with normal LV ejection fraction (EF) and in sinus rhythm underwent exercise echocardiography for clinical indications. LA volume by biplane method and indexed to body surface area (LAi), LVEF, pulmonary pressure by tricuspid regurgitation (TR), and LVFP at rest (E/e') and at exercise were measured. Exercise E/e' >13 was used as a threshold to define elevated LVFP at exercise. Results: In univariate analysis, patients who had an increase in E/E' upon effort are older and have a larger LAi and a higher E/E' at rest (table). Table 1 In multivariate analysis, LAi and E/E' independently determine an increase in LVFP upon effort. Rest LAVi >34 ml/m2 predicts an exercise E/e' >13 response with 75% sensitivity and 82% specificity according to ROC analysis (AUC 0.80). Conclusion: Left atrial volume at rest seem to be an interesting tool to predict an increase in left ventricule filling pressure in patients with normal left ventricle ejection fraction.
Parameter Optimization for Deriving Bluetooth-Based Social Network Graphs

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Pervasive technologies such as Bluetooth (BT) are capable of detecting close proximity. As a result, they are increasingly used for deriving social networks. However, the validity and reliability of the inferred networks is questionable as evaluation procedures are often omitted. In this paper, we consider the process of deriving and evaluating a Bluetooth derived network as a parameter optimization problem. Using the BNEA algorithm, we investigate the effect of the number of detected connections, time window in which these are detected, and the direction of the resulting connection. Our results confirm the importance of conducting a throughout evaluation procedure when deriving social networks based on BT data. Going through the parameter optimization process, we are able to increase the accuracy of the derived BT networks by a maximum of 10%, compared to deriving the networks without it. Our outcomes indicate that reducing the false positives can be achieved by setting a particular connection weight. Furthermore, with the window size parameter we show that more BT observations does not necessarily mean more accurate networks. With respect to the connection type, we observe the accuracy of deriving undirected networks is higher than the accuracy of deriving directed networks. Finally, based on the outcomes we are able to come up with a set of recommendations for the future developers of similar BT data collection systems.
The effect of zidovudine on platelet count in HIV-infected individuals.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Seventy-four HIV-infected homosexual males belonging to CDC groups IIB, III, and IVC2 were treated with increasing doses of zidovudine within the Multicentre Canadian AZT Trial. Following a 3 week observation period, consenting volunteers received 600 mg/day for 18 weeks, 900 mg/day for 9 weeks, and 1,200 mg/day for 9 weeks. This was followed by a 6 week washout period after which zidovudine was restarted at 1,200 mg/day for 18 weeks. Patients were followed for a total of 63 weeks. Every 3 weeks they underwent a full clinical and laboratory assessment. For the purpose of this analysis, subjects were divided according to the mean initial platelet value (greater than or equal to 150,000 or less than 150,000/L) into normals (n = 57) and thrombocytopenics (n = 12), respectively. Analysis of variance was used to compare the mean platelet values at each zidovudine dose. All comparisons were made against baseline values. Zidovudine increased platelet counts in normal and thrombocytopenic subjects. The magnitude of this effect varied depending on the baseline platelet count. Among normals, the platelet count increased from 241,000 +/- 45,000/L at baseline to 261,000 +/- 51,000/L (p less than 0.01). while receiving 600 mg/day of zidovudine. This effect was self-limited, reaching a peak by week 3. The platelet count decreased to baseline values despite increasing the dose of zidovudine to 900 or 1,200 mg/day. The platelet count further decreased to 218,000 +/- 43,000/L during the washout phase (washout vs. 1,200 mg, p less than 0.01).2+ not found to be dose related. The platelet count decreased to 101,000 +/- 34,000/L during the washout phase (washout vs. 1,200 mg/day, p less than 0.07).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The Patristic Roots of Reformed Worship. By Hughes Oliphant Old. (Zürcher Beiträge zur Reformationsgeschichte, 5). Pp. xiv + 382. Zürich: Theologischer Verlag, 1975. Fr./DM. 35.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

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On the Nature of Early Music Training and Absolute Pitch: A Reply to Brown, Sachs, Cammuso, and Folstein

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

We discuss two issues raised in the article about the acquisition of absolute pitch published in Music Perception by W. A. Brown, H. Sachs, K. Cammuso, and S. E. Folstein (2002) with which we disagree. First, we describe that aspect of musical training we feel is relevant for the acquisition of absolute pitch. Second, we point out a disagreement about the statistical nature of developmental stages and critical periods. We describe an alternative view of absolute pitch acquisition.
Contrasting Urban and Rural Transgressive Sexualities in Jacob’s Room

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Allusions to sexuality in general—and especially to sexual transgression—are recurrent elements in Virginia Woolf's work, though they are typically coded. This chapter examines several contrasting transgressive sexual situations that occur in Jacob's Room (1922). It shows that the manifestations of Jacob's transgressive sexuality depended on whether he was in a pastoral or urban setting. While the novel's depictions of sexuality set in the country were characterized as “innocent, idyllic, and blissful,” those in urban settings were often fraught with illicit behaviors (homosexual desire, prostitution, and ménage à trois, for example). Gradations of decency and the ramifications of socially coded sexual practices are explored.