jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Diagnosis of malignant pleural mesothelioma from pleural fluid by Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy coupled with chemometrics

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This study was conducted to differentiate malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) from lung cancer (LC) and benign pleural effusion (BPE) from pleural fluids using the diagnostic power of Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy with attenuated total reflectance mode coupled with chemometrics. Infrared spectra of MPM (n = 24), LC (n = 20), and BPE (n = 25) were collected, and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA) were applied to their spectra. HCA results indicated that MPM was differentiated from LC with 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity and from BPE, with 100% sensitivity and 88% specificity, which were also confirmed by PCA score plots. PCA loading plots indicated that these separations originated mainly from lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids-related spectral bands. There was significantly higher lipid, protein, nucleic acid, and glucose contents in the MPM and LC. However, the significant changes in triglyceride and cholesterol ester content, protein and nucleic acid structure, a lower membrane fluidity, and higher membrane order were only observed in the MPM. To check the classification success of some test samples/each group, soft independent modeling of class analogies was performed and 96.2% overall classification success was obtained. This approach can provide a rapid and inexpensive methodology for the efficient differentiation of MPM from other pleural effusions.
The Effect of the Type of Planting Media and The Addition of O2 Nanobubbles on the Growth of Dendrobium burana Green × Ong Ang Ai Boon Orchid Plantlets in Vitro

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Dendrobium orchids come in a variety of colors, shapes, and beauty that are in great demand. The process of growing orchids requires special handling of an appropriate growing environment, such as proper planting media and nutrients that can stimulate orchid growth. This type of thin liquid film media is the use of liquid media with an immersion system while vermiculite and perlite media have almost the same properties. However, vermiculite has a higher water absorption capacity than perlite. Nanobubbles are bubbles with 1-100 nm that can live more stably in water. This study aims to influence the type of media and the addition of Nanobubbles O2 on the growth of Dendrobium burana Green × Ong Ang Ai Boon orchid plantlets. This research was carried out from November to December 2022 at the PT. Java Indo Arjuna Singosari, Malang. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 10 treatments, namely solid MS, gaviota solid, thin liquid film, thin liquid film + NBs O2, vermiculite, vermiculite + NBs O2, perlite, perlite + NBs O2, vermiculite + Perlite, vermiculite + perlite + NBs O2 with 4 replications. The data were analyzed descriptively and the Manova test. The results showed that the vermiculite + NBs O2 treatment had the potential to increase the length of plantlets by 13.80 mm, the wet weight of plantlets by 0.30 g, the percentage of live plantlets by 100% whereas in the vermiculite + perlite treatment has the potential for the first root growth to appear, namely 5 HST. The vermiculite treatment had the potential to increase the highest number of leaves by 5 leaves, whereas in the leaf color treatment the solid MS treatment had a more intense green color.
Comparison of budburst phenology of Japanese mountain cherry tree between two years using digital colorimetrical images

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

デジタル画像から抽出した色彩学的指標（L*a*b*）を用いて 2ヶ年におけるヤマザクラ 50個体の樹冠色変化を比較し，樹木の開芽特性について年による差異を検討した。集団内の L*a*b* の推移は現地観察による開芽進行過程とよく対応しており，開芽特性の個体差の把握に有効であることが示された。2010年と 2011年における L*a*b* の標準偏差推移の大きさとパターンは，タイムラグ日数で補正し両年を並べるとほぼ一致することが確認された。標準偏差の最大日において 2010年と 2011年の L*a*b* 値の順位を比較したところ，それぞれで高い相関がみられ，開芽進行過程に伴う樹冠色変化の早晩性は年によらず比較的安定した性質であることが示唆された。
Figure S4 from An Enhancer Demethylator Phenotype Converged to Immune Dysfunction and Resistance to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Clear-Cell Renal Cell Carcinomas

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<p>Figure S4. Focal copy number deletion identified by the GISTIC algorithm for a) 𝑇𝐸𝐷+ and b) 𝑇𝐸𝐷−, respectively, in the immunotherapy arm of the BIONIKK cohort.</p>
Ultrasound features of medullary thyroid carcinoma correlate with cancer aggressiveness: a retrospective multicenter study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Poor prognosis of medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) with suspicious ultrasound (US) features has been reported. The aim of the study was to investigate the association between preoperative US presentation and aggressiveness features of MTC. Also, US features of MTC were compared with those previously reported. Study group comprised 134 MTC from nine different centers. Based on US presentation the nodules were stratified in "at risk for malignancy" (m-MTC) or "probably benign" (b-MTC) lesions. Eighty nine (66.4%) m-MTC and 45 (33.6%) b-MTC were found. Metastatic lymph nodes (p = 0.0001) and extrathyroid invasiveness (p < 0.0001) were more frequent in m-MTC. There was statistically significant correlation (p = 0.0002) between advanced TNM stage and m-MTC with an Odds Ratio 5.5 (95% CI 2.1–14.4). Mean postsurgical calcitonin values were 224 – 64 pg/ml in m-MTC and 51 – 21 in b-MTC (p = 0.003). This study showed that sonographically suspicious MTC is frequently associated with features of aggressiveness, suggesting that careful preoperative US of MTC patients may better plan their surgical approach.
Evaluation of a Multiplex Real-Time PCR Assay for Detecting Major Bacterial Enteric Pathogens in Fecal Specimens: Intestinal Inflammation and Bacterial Load Are Correlated in Campylobacter Infections

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT A total of 1,056 native or Cary-Blair-preserved stool specimens were simultaneously tested by conventional stool culturing and by enteric bacterial panel (EBP) multiplex real-time PCR for Campylobacter jejuni , Campylobacter coli , Salmonella spp., and shigellosis disease-causing agents ( Shigella spp. and enteroinvasive Escherichia coli [EIEC]). Overall, 143 (13.5%) specimens tested positive by PCR for the targets named above; 3 coinfections and 109 (10.4%) Campylobacter spp., 17 (1.6%) Salmonella spp., and 20 (1.9%) Shigella spp./EIEC infections were detected. The respective positive stool culture rates were 75 (7.1%), 14 (1.3%), and 7 (0.7%). The median threshold cycle ( C T ) values of culture-positive specimens were significantly lower than those of culture-negative ones ( C T values, 24.3 versus 28.7; P < 0.001), indicating that the relative bacterial load per fecal specimen was significantly associated with the culture results. In Campylobacter infections, the respective median fecal calprotectin concentrations in PCR-negative/culture-negative ( n = 40), PCR-positive/culture-negative ( n = 14), and PCR-positive/culture-positive ( n = 15) specimens were 134 mg/kg (interquartile range [IQR], 30 to 1,374 mg/kg), 1,913 mg/kg (IQR, 165 to 3,813 mg/kg), and 5,327 mg/kg (IQR, 1,836 to 18,213 mg/kg). Significant differences were observed among the three groups ( P < 0.001), and a significant linear trend was identified ( P < 0.001). Furthermore, the fecal calprotectin concentrations and C T values were found to be correlated ( r = −0.658). Our results demonstrate that molecular screening of Campylobacter spp., Salmonella spp., and Shigella spp./EIEC using the BD Max EBP assay will result in timely diagnosis and improved sensitivity. The determination of inflammatory markers, such as calprotectin, in fecal specimens may aid in the interpretation of PCR results, particularly for enteric pathogens associated with mucosal damage and colonic inflammation.
Review of Major Design and Scale-up Considerations for Solar Photocatalytic Reactors

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Photocatalytic processes are applicable in wastewater treatment, energy production, chemical synthesis, and greenhouse gas mitigation and thus have the potential to address both the consumption of nonrenewable fossil fuels and global warming, two of the greatest problems facing humankind. The ability to achieve these outcomes using only solar energy as an input is particularly attractive. However, the implementation of most photocatalytic processes at an effective scale requires the use of a photoreactor, a device which brings photons, a photocatalyst and reactants into contact, as well as collecting the reaction products. In this work, we review the state-of-the-art in solar photoreactor design and assess those systems which are most applicable for industrial-scale implementation. Designs for parabolic trough, compound parabolic, inclined plate, double skin sheet, rotating disk, water bell, fiber optic, and fixed/fluidized bed photoreactors are qualitatively discussed and compared. Compound parabolic photoreactors are most suited to near term applications at pilot-scale (>1000 L/day) due to their advantageous light collecting properties and well-known design methodology. Double-skin sheet photoreactors are also suited to near term applications; however, significantly less is known about their design and performance discrepancies between studies in the literature have been reported. Compared to other photoreactor designs, the significantly simplified design and low material cost of inclined plate photoreactors makes them particularly suitable for use in economically and logistically challenged areas where the volumes to be treated are small (<100 L/day). Fluidized bed photoreactors are highly efficient, but more research is needed into their design and operation for effective use with solar radiation. The other photoreactor designs reviewed are unlikely to see wide use due to, variously, high mechanical complexity, poor efficiency, and/or susceptibility to environmental conditions but may find limited use in specialized applications, e.g. in instances where it is advantageous to separate the light gathering and photocatalytic components of the photoreactor.
Honey mediated silver nanoparticles and their inhibitory effect on aflatoxins and ochratoxin A

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have potential antimicrobial activity against bacteria and fungi.The synthesis of AgNPs have been reported using several chemical and physical methods which are not friendly environment.Therefore, our technique has focused on the synthesis of AgNPs by natural compounds.The aim of this study has been to synthesis AgNPs by safe nontoxic method using Egyptian honey (EH) as reducing and capping agents and to investigate its ability to reduce the mycelial growth and the production of aflatoxins (AFs) and ochratoxin A (OTA) by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus ochraceus, respectively.AgNPs have been characterized by UV-Visible Spectrophotometer, Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM).The obtained results indicated that the synthesis of honey AgNPs depends on the concentration of bulk metal (AgNO3) used in the synthesis process.The TEM image has revealed the formation of spherical well dispersed AgNPs, while the main size of AgNPs detected by DSL is 9.9 nm.Our results have indicated that 3 mg -100 ml media of honey derived AgNPs have reduced the aflatoxin (AF) G1, G2, B1 andB2 production by A. parasiticus to 77.55, , 62.91, 58.76 and 66.56%, respectively and ochratoxin A (OTA) by A. ochraceus to 79.85 % with significantly inhibitory effect on mycelial growth.The percentage of reduction depends on the AgNPs concentration.
Multi-Glycomic\nCharacterization of Fiber from AOAC\nMethods Defines the Carbohydrate Structures

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Dietary fiber has long been known to be an essential\ncomponent\nof a healthy diet, and recent investigations into the gut microbiome-health\nparadigm have identified fiber as a prime determinant in this interaction.\nFurther, fiber is now known to impact the gut microbiome in a structure-specific\nmanner, conferring differential bioactivities to these specific structures.\nHowever, current analytical methods for food carbohydrate analysis\ndo not capture this important structural information. To address this\nneed, we utilized rapid-throughput LC-MS methods to develop a novel\nanalytical pipeline to determine the structural composition of soluble\nand insoluble fiber fractions from two AOAC methods (991.43 and 2017.16)\nat the total monosaccharide, glycosidic linkage, and free saccharide\nlevel. Two foods were chosen for this proof-of-concept study: oats\nand potato starch. For oats, both AOAC methods gave similar results.\nInsoluble fiber was found to be comprised of linkages corresponding\nto β-glucan, arabinoxylan, xyloglucan, and mannan, while soluble\nfiber was found to be mostly β-glucan, with small amounts of\narabinogalactan. For raw potato starch, each AOAC method gave markedly\ndifferent results in the soluble fiber fractions. These observed differences\nare attributable to the resistant starch content of potato starch\nand the different starch digestion conditions used in each method.\nTogether, these tools are a means to obtain the complex structures\npresent within dietary fiber while retaining “classical”\ndeterminations such as soluble and insoluble fiber. These efforts\nwill provide an analytical framework to connect gravimetric fiber\ndeterminations with their constituent structures to better inform\ngut microbiome and clinical nutrition studies.
I Never Made an Issue About My Kids': How Professional Mothers Navigate Bias at Work

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

How do professional women with children navigate motherhood bias? The current study seeks to answer this question by looking at the strategies professional mothers employ both at work and at home to overcome bias and sustain their careers. Previous research has looked at how motherhood penalizes women`s careers and indicates varying impacts across race and class. This paper seeks to fill the gap of how professional mothers intentionally navigate bias through work and family life strategies. To answer this, researchers took a multimethod approach using data from a statewide survey of lawyers and conducted in-depth interviews with women lawyers in Utah. Survey topics include professional status, mentoring and sponsorship, perceptions of colleagues, climate, evaluation and compensation, parenthood, diversity in the workplace, harassment and discrimination, as well as demographic information. Findings include perceptions of bias among professional mothers; strategies professional mothers employ at work; strategies professional mothers employ at home; and the costs and results of these bias navigating strategies.
Evaluation of a Semantic Data Model for Chest Radiology: Application of aNew Methodology

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract An essential step toward the effective processing of the medical language is the development of representational models that formalize the language semantics. These models, also known as semantic data models, help to unlock the meaning of descriptive expressions, making them accessible to computer systems. The present study tries to determine the quality of a semantic data model created to encode chest radiology findings . The evaluation methodology relied on the ability of physicians to extract information from textual and encoded representations of chest X-ray reports, whilst answering questions associated with each report. The evaluation demonstrated that the encoded reports seemed to have the same information content of the original textual reports. The methodology generated useful data regarding the quality of the data model, demonstrating that certain segments were creating ambiguous representations and that some details were not being represented.
Silurian-Lower Devonian stratigraphy of eastern and south-central New Hampshire; extensions from western Maine

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Background

Phytotherapy is a therapeutic option which aims to prevent and treat diseases with using the herbal preparations prepared by the whole or some parts of plants.

Objectives

We aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of Herbal cream on experimentally induced arthritis model in rats.

Methods

60 Wistar-albino rats were divided into 5 groups as Control, Freund9s Complete Adjuvant (FCA), Arthritis, Arthritis + Diclofenac gel, Arthritis + Herbal cream. A single dose of saline 300 μL for Control group, a single dose of FCA + acetic acid 300 μL for FCA group, a single dose of collagen Type II + CFA emulsion for other 3 groups injected to induce arthritis intradermally to 5–6 separate sites around the tail. Treatments (diclofenac gel or herbal cream) were given as b.i.d. after day 14, for five consecutive days. Blood samples were collected from all animals at the end of the experiment by cardiac puncture. IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, COX-1, COX-2 and hsCRP levels were measured by an ELISA method.

Results

HsCRP levels was found significantly elevated in the Arthritis group when compared to Control group (p<0,0001). In comparison between Arthritis group and Arthritis + Herbal cream groups, there was no significant differences between them according to the levels of hsCRP.In the model of collagen induced arthritis and FCA groups the levels of IL-6 were significantly higher then Control group (p<0,0001). When we compared the Arthritis group to the Arthritis + Diclofenac group IL-6 level was found significantly lower in the latter (p<0,0001). In comparison between Arthritis group and Arthritis + Herbal cream group, significantly lower concentration of IL-6 was found also in Arthritis + Herbal cream group (p<0,0001). Despite COX-1 and COX-2 levels were both significantly lower in Arthritis + Diclofenac group, only COX-2 levels were found significantly low in Arthritis + Herbal cream group. However, no significant difference was found between each group in IL-1β and TNF-α levels.

Conclusions

In our study, we concluded that topical herbal cream has a weak antiinflammatory efficacy via lovering IL-6 but not hsCRP and this efficacy is formed by COX-2 inhibition. However, designing new studies in the future would be valuable to determine the effective dose and mixture to achieve evident improvement.

Disclosure of Interest

None declared
Report of the Tertiary Education Commission strategic review of pathways and staircasing

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

‘Pathways and staircasing’ is a phrase that has gained currency and a certain amount of emotional resonance in the tertiary education sector in recent years. It refers to the ability of learners, once they have entered the tertiary system, to continue their studies, where and when they need, to the full extent of their potential. This strategic review of pathways and staircasing was established by the Tertiary Education Commission Te Amorangi Matauranga Matua (TEC) in co-operation with the Ministry of Education and the New Zealand Qualifications Authority (NZQA), the first such strategic review set up by the TEC. In broad terms the aim of the strategic review is to improve the tertiary education sector in New Zealand in ways that make it easier for individual learners to progress into further study. The overarching principle behind this review is that the systems and processes within the tertiary education sector should facilitate lifelong learning and achievement through seamless pathways and adequate recognition of previous learning and experience.
A Mathematical Model of CA1 Hippocampal Neurons with Astrocytic Input

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Over time astrocytes have been thought to function in an auxiliary manner, providing \nneurons with metabolic and structural support. However, recent research \nsuggests they may play a fundamental role in the generation and propagation of \nfocal epileptic seizures by causing synchronized electrical bursts in neurons. It \nwould be helpful to have a simple mathematical model that represents this dynamic and incorporates these updated experimental results. We have created a \ntwo-compartment model of a typical neuron found in the hippocampal CA1 region, \nan area often thought to be the origin of these seizures. The focus is on properly \nmodeling the astrocytic input to examine the pathological excitation of these \nneurons and subsequent transmission of the signals. In particular, we consider \nthe intracellular astrocytic calcium fluctuations which are associated with slow inward currents in neighbouring neurons. Using our model, a variety of experimental \nresults are reproduced, and comments are made about the potential differences \nbetween graded and “all-or-none” astrocytes.
Residue Determination of Dimethoate in Leafy Vegetables (Spinach) using RP- HPLC

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Residues of Dimethoate present in locally available Spinach varities - Palak : Beta maritima, Vendhai : Trigonella foenumgraecum, Thandan : Amarnathus mangostanus - green and red were determined. The quantification was carried out using RP-HPLC for unprocessed (fresh) and processed (washed, washed and cooked) Spinach samples. The extraction was carried out with benzene. It was found that unprocessed Dimethoate Spinach contains dimethoate residue which is slightly more than the tolerance limit, while the processed sample contains dimethoate residue within the tolerance limit. The washed samples (3 times under ordinary tap water) showed 28-50 % reduction while the cooked samples (boiling for 15 min) shows 58-71 % reduction compared to the unprocessed samples. Hence it can be concluded that in case of greens, it should be washed three times with ordinary water and then cooked (cooked for fifteen minutes) so that the pesticide residue is very much reduced and it will be well within the tolerance limit as specified by EPA (Environmental Protection Agency).
Resistance in Directive Sex Therapy: Recognition and Management

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Resistance, in the form of marital conflict, may play an important role in mediating therapeutic efficacy with sexually dysfunctional couples. The concept of resistance is introduced with a social learning framework, and relevant research on the interface betwaeen marital factors, sexual dysfunction and treatment outcome is reviewed. Clinical guidelines for the recognition and management of resistance due to relationship discord are presented with particular emphasis on the importance of nonspeccific treatment factors.
Towards Building Shadow Extraction in VHR SAR Images using Mathematical Morphology

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we propose a novel way to extract shadows cast by buildings from VHR SAR imagery using mathematical morphology. We first characterize the appearance of building shadow areas in VHR SAR. Then, we translate this description into a sequence of morphological operators to extract the shadow areas. We demonstrate the proposed method using spaceborne meter resolution TerraSAR-X data from Dorsten, Germany.