jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Cross-linguistic Lexical Tasks (CLT) and word knowledge in monolingual children

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Introductory paper presents the method of the CLT construction and monolingual results obtained for 18 languages (Afrikaans, British English, SA English, Catalan, Finnish, German, Hebrew, isiXhosa, Italian, Luxembourgish, Lithuanian, Norwegian, Polish, Serbian, Slovak, Spanish, Swedish, Turkish). The CLT was conceived to assess comprehension and production of nouns and verbs in different languages. Picture choice and picture naming tasks were chosen because these procedures least involve other types of linguistic or conceptual skills. Response accuracy indicates the size of receptive and expressive vocabulary. Error coding (production task) provides additional information about the nature of lexical problems. We used a unique procedure for designing the CLT in parallel in 34 different languages according to the same criteria. Phases of the CLT design included: (1) Defining a set of candidate words (158 nouns and 142 verbs) that are mostly shared across 34 languages (a picture naming and rating study; 85 competent judges) (2) Determining the formal complexity of candidate words for each language (expert informants) (3) Determining the age of acquisition (AoA) of candidate words (on-line subjective rating study in each language; over 800 adult participants) (4) Selecting a list of target words for each language according to key criteria (5) Designing a set of culturally-neutral colored pictures for the selected words (6) Preparing uniform instructions for CLT use All CLT versions were piloted and the lists of target words were verified according to the pilot results. Cross-linguistic comparison of monolingual baseline CLT results includes data obtained from 449 children (aged 3-6 years). The results show significant effect of age, noun priority in both comprehension and production and interaction of mode and word-class (production of verbs was most prone to errors). We conclude that the CLT represents an accurate and culture-fair method for assessment of lexical knowledge in preschool children.
A Note on Periodic Solutions of Second Order Nonautonomous Singular Coupled Systems

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We establish the existence of periodic solutions of the second order nonautonomous singular coupled systems x ′′ + a 1 ( t ) x = f 1 ( t , y ( t )) + e 1 ( t ) for a.e. t ∈ [0, T ], y ′′ + a 2 ( t ) y = f 2 ( t , x ( t )) + e 2 ( t ) for a.e. t ∈ [0, T ]. The proof relies on Schauder′s fixed point theorem.
SURGICAL TREATMENT OF CHILDREN WITH IDIOPATHIC SCOLIOSIS OF LENKE TYPE I WITH THE USE OF TOTAL TRANSPEDICULAR FIXATION

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The purpose of the study. To assess the results of surgical treatment in children with idiopathic scoliosis of thoracic localization. Material and methods. We operated 56 patients aged from 13 to 18 years old with a level of deformity 40-136° according to Cobb. Surgical correction of the deformity was performed with three tactical options using Cotrel-Dubousset dorsal instrumentation. Results. In idiopathic thoracic scoliosis the operating correction ranged from 48 to 100 %. Loss of correction in the follow-up period from 1 year to 3.5 years was 0-7 %. Conclusion. Surgical treatment of idiopathic thoracic scoliosis should be individualized. Application of multisupporting transpedicular metal constructions allows to increase the degree of deformity correction, to perform true derotation of vertebral bodies on top of curvature and to save the result achieved in the postoperative period.
Parental engagement in children's transition to school

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This chapter investigates the patterns and dynamics of Chinese parents' engagement practices in transition to school. The chapter uses multiple correspondence analysis to explore survey data collected from 274 parent questionnaires. Drawing on Bourdieu's theory, the study probes the correspondence between parental engagement and parental socioeconomic status measured through family income and parents' occupation and educational qualification. For the surveyed parents, three different forms of habituses were found to engineer their engagement in children's transition to school. These are selective retreat, self-presence, and indifference. This finding challenges the monolithic notion of 'parental habitus' found in the literature that fails to capture the complex engagement patterns hidden behind the correspondence between parents' positions and their dispositions. The chapter purposefully avoids using 'class'—a highly contentious notion in the Chinese context. The chapter ends with a reflexive coda that proactively speaks to research on parenting in disrupted and disruptive contexts such as the global pandemic of COVID-19 raging across the globe at the time of writing.
Examining user satisfaction and stickiness in social networking sites from a technology affordance lens: uncovering the moderating effect of user experience

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Purpose The aim of this study is to explore, identify and understand the impact of technology affordance in the context of social networking sites (SNSs). Moreover, this study incorporates user experience as a moderator, in order to explore behavioral differences between veterans (high-experience users) and newbies (low-experience users). Design/methodology/approach A research model was developed to examine the influences of three technology affordances: interactivity, information and navigation on user satisfaction and SNS stickiness. Totally 266 data were collected from a famous college in China using an online survey, and structural equation modeling technique was used to examine the proposed research model. Findings The empirical research findings indicated that the three technology affordance attributes exhibited different degrees of influence on user satisfaction, which in turn facilitated SNS stickiness. Particularly, high-experience users were more likely influenced by interactivity and information affordances, while low-experience users are more susceptible to navigation affordance. Practical implications This study can provide guidelines to the platform administrators to design SNSs from the aspects of interactivity, information and navigation attributes and pay attention to the preference differences between high-experience users and low-experience users. Originality/value This study uncovers the significant antecedents of SNS stickiness from a technology affordance lens and reveals the moderating effect of user experience on the relationship between three technology affordance attributes and satisfaction.
Geospatial datasets of deforestation scenarios in Colombia (2018-2050)

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The Geospatial datasets correspond to deforestation scenarios in Colombia: Business As Usual (BAU) and Governance (GOV). This dataset was obtained from an environmental modeling exercise executed in Dinamica EGO. Primary data of deforestation were derived from the Global Forest Change 2000-2018 v1.6 dataset (https://earthenginepartners.appspot.com/science-2013-global-forest/download_v1.6.html).
A Fork Shaped UWB Antenna with WLAN/Wi-MAX/ X Band Rejection Characteristics

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A novel fork shaped patch antenna for UWB (Ultra-wide Band) products is devised on 27 X 27 X 1.6 mm 3 FR4 epoxy substrate. Slots are inserted in the partial ground plane to improve the bandwidth of the antenna. Three band stop functions are accomplished by carving slits in the ground plane, feed line, and radiating element at 5.15–5.85 GHz (WLAN), 3900–4200 MHz (C-band satellite communication), 3.3–3.75 GHz (Wi-MAX), and 7900–8400 MHz (X-band satellite communication frequency). All slots are optimized by parametric analysis. The proposed antenna showing good impedance bandwidth stretching from 3100 to 10600 MHz. The prototype shows good radiation characteristics and observed good match between simulated and experimental results.
[Crystallographic method of studying the cerebrospinal fluid in diseases of the central nervous system].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The method described by the authors in their present paper was used to examine the cerebrospinal fluids obtained from a total of 120 patients, of whome 30 were afflicted with tumors of the central nervous system, 35 were suffering from inflammatory diseases, and 55 had cerebral blood-supply disorders in the sense of hemorrhagic and ischemic insults. Characteristic features of the formation of the crystallographic pattern could be observed in dependence upon the dynamics of the disease process. These are of extreme importance to accurate differential diagnosis. The method is recommended for use in neurological and neurosurgical departments.
PD-L1 blockade liberates intrinsic antitumourigenic properties of glycolytic macrophages in hepatocellular carcinoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective Patients with increased PD-L1 + host cells in tumours are more potent to benefit from antiprogrammed death-1/programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) treatment, but the underlying mechanism is still unclear. We aim to elucidate the nature, regulation and functional relevance of PD-L1 + host cells in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Design A total of untreated 184 HCC patients was enrolled randomly. C57BL/6 mice are given injection of Hepa1-6 cells to form autologous hepatoma. ELISpot, flow cytometry and real-time PCR are applied to analyse the phenotypic characteristics of PD-L1 + cells isolated directly from HCC specimens paired with blood samples or generated from ex vivo and in vitro culture systems. Immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry are performed to detect the presence of immune cells on paraffin-embedded and formalin-fixed samples. The underlying regulatory mechanisms of metabolic switching are assessed by both in vitro and in vivo studies. Results We demonstrate that PD-L1 + host macrophages, which constructively represent the major cellular source of PD-L1 in HCC tumours, display an HLA-DR high CD86 high glycolytic phenotype, significantly produce antitumourigenic IL-12p70 and are polarised by intrinsic glycolytic metabolism. Mechanistically, a key glycolytic enzyme PKM2 triggered by hepatoma cell derived fibronectin 1, via a HIF-1α-dependent manner, concurrently controls the antitumourigenic properties and inflammation-mediated PD-L1 expression in glycolytic macrophages. Importantly, although increased PKM2 + glycolytic macrophages predict poor prognosis of patients, blocking PD-L1 on these cells eliminates PD-L1-dominant immunosuppression and liberates intrinsic antitumourigenic properties. Conclusions Selectively modulating the ‘context’ of glycolytic macrophages in HCC tumours might restore their antitumourigenic properties and provide a precise strategy for anticancer therapy.
Physicochemical Properties of Chestnut Starch According to the Processing Method

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

알칼리 침지법에 의하여 박피한 밤 전분과 박피하지 않은 밤 전분의 이화학적 특성, 가열 및 알칼리에 의한 호화특성을 각각 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 물결합력은 박피한 A전분의 경우 86.9%, 박피하지 않은 B전분은 80.66%로 박피한 A전분이 더 높은 물결합력을 나타냈다. A전분과 B전분의 팽윤력은 60℃에서 급격히 증가하기 시작하여 80℃까지 증가하다가 그 이후는 완만하게 변하였고, 용해도는 60℃에서 부터 증가하기 시작하여 온도가 상승함에 따라 점점 증가하는 특성을 보였으며, A전분이 B전분보다 팽윤력과 용해도가 더 높게 나타났다. 요오드 반응은 A전분이 B전분보다 더 높게 났다. X-선 회절도는 A전분은 CSUBb/SUB도형, B전분은 B도형으로 나타났고, 상대적 결정화도는 A전분이 36.2%, B전분은 37.0%로 B전분이 더 높게 나타났다. DSC에 의하여 측정한 호화온도 및 호화엔탈피는 A전분의 경우 66.95℃～77.5℃, 2.04 ㎈/g, B전분의 경우 67.09℃～77.5℃, 2.29 ㎈/g으로 나타났다. 6.5% 밤 전분의 아밀로그램 특성은 A전분보다 B전분이 호화개시온도가 더 높았고, peak viscosity, breakdown, setback은 A전분이 B전분보다 더 높았다. 알칼리에 의한 호화특성에서 A전분이 B전분보다 점도, gel 부피 및 광투과도가 더 높게 나타났다.
Segmentation of color images by chromaticity features using self-organizing maps

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Usually, the segmentation of color images is performed using cluster-based methods and the RGB space to represent the colors. The drawback with these methods is the a priori knowledge of the number of groups, or colors, in the image; besides, the RGB space issensitive to the intensity of the colors. Humans can identify different sections within a scene by the chromaticity of its colors of, as this is the feature humans employ to tell them apart. In this paper, we propose to emulate the human perception of color by training a self-organizing map (SOM) with samples of chromaticity of different colors. The image to process is mapped to the HSV space because in this space the chromaticity is decoupled from the intensity, while in the RGB space this is not possible. Our proposal does not require knowing a priori the number of colors within a scene, and non-uniform illumination does not significantly affect the image segmentation. We present experimental results using some images from the Berkeley segmentation database by employing SOMs with different sizes, which are segmented successfully using only chromaticity features.
Study of the quasi-static indentation loading of 3D-printed honeycomb based sandwich structured composites

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The objective of this research is to predict the Quasi-static indentation response and damage in three-dimensional (3D) printed honeycomb based structures, and to characterize the energy absorbed by the structures. In this work, the honeycomb sandwich has been designed in the following three ways. Firstly, honeycomb core along with its facesheet is 3D printed as a single element comprising of same material for both core and facesheet. Secondly, advanced honeycomb core along with facesheet is 3D printed, but with variation in facesheet materials which act as composite plies and lastly, honeycomb core and fibre facesheet are 3D printed separately and joined together using adhesive. Quasi-static indentation is carried out using three different indentors, namely standard hemispherical, conical and flat indentors. Acoustic emission (AE), a non-destructive testing (NDT) technique, is used to detect the exact cracking time and the number of hits in the specimens during indentations. After the experiments were conducted, finite element analysis (FEA) was also carried out using ABAQUS/EXPLICIT for one quarter of the specimen size. Symmetric boundary conditions were used in the FEA. The FEA analysis and experimental results were compared and discussed. Results have been discussed based on effect of the honeycomb design used, the influence of different indentor shapes during indentation, and effect of the type of material used. Results showed that when specimens were loaded under flat indenter, there was a higher indentation resistance and force values were high, this also led to higher energy absorption of the specimen. Specimens with single material and multimaterial combination in facesheet almost showed similar behavior, expect the fact that displacement was higher for multimaterial combination. As a result of experimentation, honeycomb structures with fibre facesheet proved to withstand higher force with a higher displacement and high energy absorption characteristics.
Nicotine reduces the frequency of anger reports in smokers and nonsmokers with high but not low hostility: An ambulatory study.

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Two studies were conducted to determine the anger-attenuating effects of nicotine as a function of trait hostility. The 1st study examined the effects of nicotine on diary ratings of anger during a 24-hr period in a natural setting in 30 smokers and 30 nonsmokers. Participants took part in 2 monitoring sessions involving the administration of a nicotine patch and a placebo patch. Participants were categorized as high or low on trait hostility on the basis of their scores on the Cook-Medley Hostility scale. Administration of the nicotine patch, compared with the placebo patch, resulted in a significant reduction in diary reports of anger from 24% to 13% in high-hostile participants. In low-hostile participants, nicotine had no effect on reports of anger during the day. The anger-palliative effects of nicotine were greatest among participants more frequently reporting anger on the placebo-patch day. These effects were independent of smoking status and gender. The 2nd study, which was restricted to high-hostile smokers (n = 19) and nonsmokers (n = 23), found that, compared with a placebo patch, administration of nicotine resulted in significant reductions in reports of anger in smokers and nonsmokers. The results of these 2 studies clearly link nicotine to reduced reports of anger in high-hostile individuals.
The Tourist Destination Management and Its Dynamism: The Case of Barcelona Versus Catalonia

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The present article tries to evaluate, from the analysis of different manage­rial components and factors, the degree of competitiveness and dynamism of a tourist destination. To carry out this analysis, the city of Barcelona and its role as the capital of Catalonia have been chosen. At a time of deep world­wide economic crisis due to Covid-19 pandemic tourism has declining by 70% worldwide during 2020. Nevertheless, tourism has demonstrated its great resilience and strength as a global engine for economic activities development generating jobs and wealth over the last decades. It is in this context, where the article analyzes the behavior of Barcelona, as a reference for the destina­tion Catalonia, in front the pandemic crisis and the strength of new emerging tourism competitors. Indeed, the reorganization of the pattern of distribution of tourist flows in the global tourism market due to health restrictions and the pace of economic emitting powers recovery generates a significant number of new opportunities. Tourist flows are posing new challenges in terms of their reception, the management of their stay and the fulfillment of a high degree of satisfaction in relation to their tourist experience. This article analyses a series of strategies promoted by different agents and managers in the field of tourism to subsequently present a set of recommendations to help assist decision-mak­ing in a tourism sector that is going through difficult times.
Response of distillery spentwash through fertigation on dry matter accumulation and concentration of nutrients in banana

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Field experiments were carried out in a loamy soil (pH = 8.10, EC = 0.30 dSm−1 and organic carbon = 0.57%) to study the response of distillery spentwash fertigation under different combinations on the nutrient content of banana cv. Grand Naine from 2008 to 2010 at the Shanthi Farm of the M/s Gemini Distilleries Pvt. Ltd., Nanjangud, Mysore located in Southern Dry Zone of Karnataka and situated at 12°11’ North latitude, 76° 69’ East longitude with an altitude of 610 m above mean sea level. Significantly higher nitrogen content in leaf, pseudostem and fruit (2.95, 1.20 and 0.96%, respectively) was observed in 25% N through fertilizers plus 75% N through distillery spentwash irrigation followed by 100% N through distillery spentwash irrigation. Similar trend was also observed in phosphorus content. Potassium content was significantly higher in treatment 100 percent N through distillery spentwash irrigation which recorded significantly higher potassium content (1.36, 3.72 and 0.68%, respectively) during main crop. Whereas, in ratoon crop, it was higher with 25% N through fertilizers plus 75% N through distillery spentwash irrigation. Higher calcium, magnesium and sulphur contents were noticed with 100% N through distillery spentwash irrigation.
A Management Infrastructure for Mobile/Embedded XML Web Services

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The management of Extensible Markup Language (XML) Web services executing in mobile and/or embedded environments poses new challenges that result from the limited availability of computing resources and from the need for characteristic management activities, such as handling context sensitivity. This paper briefly describes management requirements for and design of our management infrastructure for monitoring of mobile/embedded Web services. Its architecture is based on extending a SOAP engine with management modules, an approach adopted by several existing tools for monitoring non-mobile/non-embedded Web services. Apart for modules for management of non-mobile/non-embedded Web services, our infrastructure contains additional support for handling context-sensitivity, disruptions in quality of service (QoS), and intermittent connectivity. We have been implementing the proof-of-concept prototype of this infrastructure as an extension of the Web Service Offerings Infrastructure (WSOI).
Coercive Brain-Reading and the Rights to Freedom of Thought and to Freedom of Expression

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Emerging neurotechnology offers increasingly individualised brain information, enabling researchers to identify mental states and content. When accurate and valid, these brain-reading technologies also provide data that could be useful in criminal legal procedures, such as memory detection with EEG and the prediction of recidivism with fMRI. Yet, unlike in medicine, individuals involved in criminal cases will often be reluctant to undergo brain-reading procedures. This raises the question of whether coercive brain-reading could be permissible in criminal law. Coercive Brain-Reading in Criminal Justice examines this question in view of European human rights: the prohibition of ill treatment, the right to privacy, freedom of thought, freedom of expression, and the privilege against self-incrimination. The book argues that, at present, the established framework of human rights does not exclude coercive brain-reading. It does, however, delimit the permissible use of forensic brain-reading without valid consent. This cautionary, cutting-edge book lays a crucial foundation for understanding the future of criminal legal proceedings in a world of ever-advancing neurotechnology.
On using the adaptive delay filter in sparse identification and extensions to sparse deconvolution and sinusoid detection

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The drawbacks of using the adaptive delay filter for plant identification are discussed. These drawbacks are due to regression and gain estimation errors and the filter's limitations under colored excitation hypotheses. After proposing simple solutions for both drawbacks, the authors show how the limitations can be solved by using different known techniques, such as dynamic programming or by applying adaptively thresholded gradient-type algorithms. The direct use of the latter algorithms is also presented as an alternative. Some simulation results illustrate the behaviour of the proposed modifications and extensions.< >
Variable speed imitation dynamics model with group size regulation between different groups

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper deals with an adaptive dynamical model for collective agent systems. The adaptation of collective behavior is modeled by the imitation dynamics depending on its group size. The migration between the groups is driven by the gap of the performance of collective behavior for every group. The speed of collective adaptation is changed by adjusted the group size. We propose a model where the performance of collective behavior is improved by adjusting the group size. Simulation results show effectiveness of the proposed approach.