jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Bulgur üretiminde fıskıyeli yataklı ve mikrodalga yardımlı fıskıyeli yataklı kurutucuların kullanılması.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The main objective of this study was to investigate the effect of spouted bed and microwave assisted spouted bed drying on drying rates and quality parameters of bulgur. The drying experiments were performed at three air temperatures (50, 70, 90oC) and at two microwave powers (288 W, 624 W). Quality parameters were selected as bulk density, apparent density, apparent porosity, internal porosity, microstructure analysis, and color for dried cooked wheat; yield and water absorption capacity for bulgur. The drying rate increased with air temperature and microwave power. Microwave assisted spouted bed drying at microwave power of 288W and 624 W reduced drying time by at least 60% and 85%, respectively compared to spouted bed drying. The effective moisture diffusivities of bulgur in the spouted bed and microwave assisted spouted bed drying were found to be 2.356x10-10 and 8.398x10-10 m2/s on the average, respectively. The effect of air temperature on product quality except color was not significant in spouted bed drying. Interior kernel porosity, sphericity and L* value of dried cooked wheat increased with air temperature and microwave power. Yield and water absorption capacity of bulgur tended to decrease as microwave power increased. According to SEM analysis, more porous structure was observed in wheat samples dried in microwave assisted spouted bed compared to air dried ones. In microwave assisted spouted bed drying, lower water absorption capacity, bulk density and apparent density, higher sphericity and lighter color were observed as compared to spouted bed drying.
The Role of BNP and CRP in Predicting the Development of Atrial Fibrillation in Patients Undergoing Isolated Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective . To evaluate the association of BNP and CRP with the development of postoperative atrial fibrillation following coronary artery bypass grafting surgery. Methods . The series consists of 125 patients (aged 65 ± 9 years), who underwent isolated CABG-surgery. BNP and CRP levels were measured pre- and 24 hours postoperatively and their correlation to the development of postoperative AF was analyzed. Results . Forty-four patients (35%) developed AF postoperatively. They were significantly older (68 ± 8 versus 63 ± 9, P = 0.01) and predominantly nonsmokers (18% versus 46%, P = 0.004), compared to the non-AF cases. In addition they showed significant higher preoperative mean BNP levels of 629 versus 373 pg/mL ( P = 0.019). Postoperative BNP levels were significantly higher in both groups (AF-group: 1032 pg/mL versus non-AF group: 705 pg/mL; P<0.001 ), while there was a trend of more increased postoperative levels in AF-cases ( P = 0.065). AF-episodes appeared significantly more frequent in the two highest quartiles of BNP levels with 44% ( P = 0.035). On the contrary pre- and postoperative CRP levels were not associated with AF. Multivariable analysis revealed only increased preoperative BNP levels as independent predictor for postoperative AF ( P = 0.036). Conclusion. Elevated preoperative BNP serum levels are associated with the development of post-CABG AF, while CRP does not seem to be influential.
What Drives Youth to Become Entrepreneurs? An Empirical Examination

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Purpose: Entrepreneurship can be perceived as a weapon in the fight against unemployment. It is especially true within the segment of young people. The paper seeks to investigate and report on the incentives for and obstacles to entrepreneurial motivation among youth. The focus will be put on capturing the extent of school pupils’ self-estimated chances and capabilities of becoming an entrepreneur. Design/Methodology/Approach: A structured survey questionnaire was used to collect primary data from school pupils aged 12-17. A sample group of over 350 young participants of university-run entrepreneurship programs was selected. The data gathered in the research were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Findings: Our findings suggest that entrepreneurial motivation is the resultant of numerous factors such as one’s individual characteristics and intuitive capacity, as well as various environmental variables. Of the last ones, formal entrepreneurship education is crucial. Practical Implications: Efforts to encourage people to become entrepreneurs could start as early as childhood or adolescence. University programs and courses for youth are a perfect forum for shaping entrepreneurial skills. Therefore, such initiatives should be supported by government funding schemes and heavily promoted. Originality/Value: To the author’s best knowledge, the present study is the first empirical research into incentives and challenges that build perceptions and attitudes towards entrepreneurship among youth aged 12-17 in Poland.
An overview of the test methodology used in current cycling helmet standards and literature

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Cycling helmets play a crucial role in protecting against head injuries, however, their effectiveness in mitigating all types of head injury is limited, particularly traumatic brain injuries (TBIs). This limitation is primarily attributed to the current cycling helmet standards, which inadequately represent real-world impact scenarios. Specifically, they overlook the rotational kinematics resulting from direct oblique impacts and fail to consider the inertial loading of the head during body-first impacts. To address this issue, researchers have proposed or adapted various methodologies to enhance helmet evaluations, however, a widely accepted approach is yet to be established. This paper aims to serve as a comprehensive resource by evaluating the test rigs and impact boundary conditions employed across existing cycling helmet standards and literature. In addition, it highlights key areas of focus for the development of a novel test method and presents the most significant contributions from relevant research studies, as well as future research requirements.
Effect of Tripolyphosphate on Physical and Enzymatic Stabilities of Insulin Loaded Nanoparticles of N-Trimethyl Chitosan

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The aim of the present work was to elucidate the influence of tripolyphosphate (TPP) on the colloidal and insulin stabilities. Using a trimethyl chitosan (TMC) with quaternization degree of 40%, insulin loaded nanoparticles were prepared by ionotropic gelation with TPP crosslinker. The nanoparticles were characterized for size, zeta potential, insulin loading, process yield, colloidal stability and the protection capability of insulin against enzymatic degradation of trypsin. The results showed that insulin nanoparticles were in the range of 200-260 nm with spherical or oval morphology. The highest insulin loading efficiency of nanoparticles with narrow size distribution was achieved when TPP:TMC:insulin mass ratio of 0.4:1:1 was used. The colloidal stability was TPP concentration dependent. The presence of TPP accelerated the degradation of free insulin and insulin loaded nanoparticles which increased with increasing TPP concentration. Therefore, the preparation of nanoparticles by ionotropic gelation with TPP would not be suitable for the development of insulin delivery system. ©All right reserved.
Reduced membrane fluidity and increased glycation of membrane proteins of platelets from diabetic subjects are not associated with increased platelet adherence to glycated collagen.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Platelets could contribute to vascular disease in diabetes through enhanced adherence to collagen exposed in injured vessels. Increased platelet adherence to collagen in diabetes could result from an alteration in platelets and/or platelet hypersensitivity to collagen that has been glycated to a greater extent. In this study, the adherence of platelets from diabetic or control subjects to glycated or nonglycated collagen coated onto glass surfaces was examined. Membrane fluidity of platelets was also determined, since decreased membrane fluidity associated with increased glycation of membrane proteins of platelets from diabetic subjects was shown in a previous study, and decreases in membrane fluidity have been shown by others to increase platelet adhesion. Thirteen diabetic subjects were compared with 13 age-and sex-matched control subjects. Collagen was glycated (9.7 nmol glucose/mg protein) by preincubation for 12 days in glucose-rich medium (500 mmol/L). A control solution of collagen incubated without glucose for the same time had 3.3 nmol glucose/mg protein. There were no differences in the adherence of platelets from diabetic and control subjects to nonglycated and glycated collagen-coated glass. The mean steady-state fluorescence polarization value (0.187 +/- 0.002) in 1.6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene-labeled platelets from diabetic subjects was significantly greater than in platelets from control subjects (0.174 +/- 0.002, p < 0.002); thus membrane fluidity in platelets from the group of diabetic subjects was decreased. The extent of glycation of membrane proteins from diabetic subjects (25.4 +/- 0.5 nmol glucose/mg protein) was significantly greater than from control subjects (20.2 +/- 0.4 nmol glucose/mg protein, p < 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A comprehensive assistive solution for visually impaired persons

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

People with vision loss need to make their lives more independent. The proposed system is capable to provide multi solutions in a single package with the ability to switch their algorithm from online to offline. The proposed work provides the indoor Navigation system with Object detection, object recognition and distance depth calculation. The system is also able to generate audio for object positions and object recognition using Text to Speech technology (TTS), and also take audio input from users to find out the objects using Speech Recognition technology. The proposed system consists of a Processing unit, Camera (depth Camera Kinect V2) for object detection and recognition using the YOLO V3 (You Only Look Once) Algorithm, headphones for audio input from a user and audio output from the system and power supply in case of free movement it would be batteries. The camera is mounted on the chest (can be mounted on the head), so whenever the VIP wants to search for anything the system guides them about the position of the object, and if VIP wants to move, the system assists in avoiding obstacles as well as wayfinding in the form of audio. The average accuracy of performance is 93%.
An empirical field study on sing-along behaviour in the North of England

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Background Singing along to a tune in a leisure environment, such as on the dance floor of a nightclub or in a pub, is one frequent form of spontaneous and informal music-making. Despite the theoretical and sociological literature on urban or neo-tribe behaviour (Maffesoli, 1988; Malbon, 1999; Pini, 2001; Jackson, 2004), there has been very little research focusing on sing-along behaviour in developed societies, or on ‘singalongability’, i.e. the musical qualities that might motivate an individual to sing along to a particular song.
Investigating Falls and Rehabilitation Use in Older Wheelchair Users from the National Health and Aging Trends Study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Falling is a serious health concern among older wheelchair users as falling may result in functional impairment, morbidity, and mortality. Researchers have examined prevention strategies of falls. However, little is known about the prevalence of falls and rehabilitation service use among wheelchair users over age 65. We analyzed a population-based data set – the National Health and Aging Trends Study– to describe trends over time of wheelchair use among older adults who completed a sample interview in this study; we further identified 417 community-dwelling older wheelchair users in wave 5, described prevalence of falls and rehabilitation service use among them and investigated indicators of fall-related rehabilitation service utilization using multinomial logistic regression. The results indicated that there was an increasing trend of wheelchair use from 2011 (7.2%) to 2019 (10.6%). Falling was a common problem (56.1%); however, only 12.1% received rehabilitation service addressing the problem of falls. Around half of rehabilitation service users reported that their functioning improved, but the effect was not lasting. Age (74-79 years old: odds ratio [OR] =2.72, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01-7.33; 80-84 years old: OR= 2.93, 95% CI, 1.19-7.25) and balance or coordination problem (OR= 4.70, 95% CI, 1.84-12.06) were associated with receiving fall-related rehabilitation. These data suggest that we need to understand more about the underuse of the rehabilitation services, ensure that older wheelchair users are equally utilizing the services to prevent falling and improve the long-lasting effect of the services.
Study of incidence, trends and determinants of caesarean section in tertiary care hospital of Rajasthan, India

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Lower Segment Caesarean section (LSCS) is recommended when vaginal delivery might pose a risk to the mother or baby. Worldwide rise in LSCS rate during the last three decades, has been the cause of alarm and needs an in-depth study.Methods: It was a retrospective, observational study conducted in Obstetrics and Gynecology department of Jhalawar medical college, Jhalawar. Data were obtained from medical record database of patients admitted for deliveries from October 2017 to March 2018 over period of six months. The total number of patients delivered and the number of LSCS done were counted to find the incidence of LSCS in our hospital. Age, parity and gestational age of the patients who underwent LSCS were tabulated.Results: In present study the incidence of LSCS was 31.1%. Of these cases 91% belonged to age group 20 -29 yrs. Emergency LSCS (72.1%) and primary LSCS (66.5%) were more common. The commonest indication of LSCS was previous LSCS in 35% followed by foetal distress, breech presentation, severe oligohydrominos and pre-eclampsia.Conclusions: In present study LSCS rate was high as compared to the WHO standard. The scheme like Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY) may have a great impact on accepting institutional deliveries by poor women which may be a reason of the increase of LSCS in India. Utilization of antenatal care, better doctor patient communication, doctor’s commitment to reduce the rate of LSCS, may help to reduce the increasing rate of caesarean delivery.
Sensitivity, specificity and predictive values of ICD-10 substance use codes in a cohort of substance use-related endocarditis patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Healthcare databases have the potential to become efficient tools for epidemiological research in People Who Inject Drugs (PWID). The validity of ICD-10 codes for specific substances in this population has not been assessed.Objectives: Validate ICD-10 diagnosis codes relating to the use of specific substance classes in a cohort of endocarditis patients.Methods: Our study sample consisted of 379 first-episode infective endocarditis patients (Male: 208, Female: 171), aged 18-55, admitted to any of three hospitals in London, Ontario from 2007 to 2018. Of these, 287 used drugs. We validated ICD-10 substance use codes for opioids (F11), stimulants (F15), cocaine (F14) and multiple substances (F19). Sensitivity, specificity, Positive Predictive Value (PPV) and Negative Predictive Value (NPV) were calculated for each code, using self-reported substance use documented on medical record review as a gold standard. We conducted a comparative analysis between code-negative users and code-positive users for each substance.Results: All substance use codes shared the same pattern: high specificity, high PPV and low sensitivity, with code F11 yielding the highest PPV (96.3%; 95% C.I.: 90.8-98.6) and sensitivity (42.6%; 95% C.I. 36.3-49.1). The code-positives and code-negatives for each substance did not differ significantly in any characteristics compared.Conclusion: Our results suggest that the individual ICD-10 codes analyzed should not be used for research without adjustment for low sensitivity. However, due to high PPV and specificity, these codes may still have potential for research use. Because code-negative patients did not differ from code-positive patients, their data may be extrapolated to the overall group of substance users.
Lightweight Authentication Protocol for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Using Physical Unclonable Function and Chaotic System

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

With the continuous miniaturization of electronic devices and the recent advancement in wireless communications, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) will find many new uses in people’s production and life, bringing great convenience to the public. Meanwhile, the cybersecurity of UAVs is gaining significant attention due to both financial and strategic information and value involved in aerial applications, and UAV and sensitive data collected by embedded sensors are subject to new security challenges and privacy issues. Traditional cryptographic techniques can be deployed to provide fundamental security services, however, they have been shown to be inefficient because of intrinsic resource constraints of UAVs and the open nature of wireless communication. For the sake of providing secure authentication between communication parties and further ensuring data security and privacy, this paper proposes a lightweight mutual authentication protocol, also referred to as PCAP, for secure communications between UAVs and ground station. The basic idea of the PCAP is that UAV and ground station use the challenge-response pair of physical unclonable function as the initial condition of chaotic system to randomly shuffle the message which piggybacks a seed to generate a secret session key. We conduct simulation experiments using OMNeT++to validate the effectiveness of the PCAP. The simulation results show that the PCAP can achieve better performance in terms of computation cost, communication overhead, and energy consumption of communication compared to prior cryptographic technique, indicating a viable approach for securing communications between UAVs and ground station.
Laminaria Polysaccharides Extraction by Compound Enzymes

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Compound enzymes of cellulose,pectolase and papain with ratio of 2 : 1 : 1 were used to isolate polysaccharides from laminaria,and influence of two different ways of addition of compound enzymes on polysaccharide extracting rate and polysaccharide content were studied.The results showed that the way of step by step addition of compound enzymes(first cellulose,then pectolase,and finally papain) could achieve higher extracting rate and polysaccharide content than that of one step.The extracting rates of fucoidan,laminarian starch,algin and total polysacchoride through the way of step by step were 3.49%,2.05%,6.00% and 11.54%,increased by 45.42%,37.58%,22.95% and 31.58% respectively,compared with that of one step.Meanwhile,the results also demonstrated that polysaccharide contents of fucoidan,laminarian starch,and algin through step by step were 87.1%,59.3% and 88.6%,increased by 11.95%,4.77% and 5.23%,respectively.
Propagation phenomena in monostable integro-differential equations: acceleration or not?

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We consider the homogeneous integro-differential equation$\partial \_t u=J*u-u+f(u)$ with a monostable nonlinearity $f$. Our interest is twofold: we investigate the existence/non existence of travelling waves, and the propagation properties of the Cauchy problem.When the dispersion kernel $J$ is exponentially bounded, travelling waves are known to exist and solutions of the Cauchy problem typically propagate at a constant speed \cite{Schumacher1980}, \cite{Weinberger1982}, \cite{Carr2004}, \cite{Coville2007a}, \cite{Coville2008a}, \cite{Yagisita2009}. %When the dispersion kernel $J$ is exponentially bounded, travelling waves are known to exist when $f$ belongs to one of the three main class of non-linearities (bistable, ignition or monostable), and solutions of the Cauchy problem typically propagate at a constant speed \cite{Schumacher1980}, \cite{Wei-82},\cite{Bates1997},\cite{Chen1997}, \cite{Carr2004}, \cite{Coville2007a}, \cite{Coville2008a}, \cite{Yagisita2009,Yagisita2009a}. On the other hand, when the dispersion kernel $J$ has heavy tails and the non-linearity $f$ is non degenerate, i.e $f'(0)\textgreater{}0$, travelling waves do not exist and solutions of the Cauchy problem propagate by accelerating \cite{Medlock2003}, \cite{Yagisita2009}, \cite{Garnier2011}. For a general monostable non-linearity, a dichotomy between these two types of propagation behaviour is still not known. The originality of our work is to provide such dichotomy by studying the interplay between the tails of the dispersion kernel and the Allee effect induced by the degeneracy of $f$, i.e. $f'(0)=0$. First, for algebraic decaying kernels, we prove the exact separation between existence and non existence of travelling waves. This in turn provides the exact separation between non acceleration and acceleration in the Cauchy problem. In the latter case, we provide a first estimate of the position of the level sets of the solution.
Crossing the Water and Keeping the Faith: Haitian Religion in Miami

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Beginning in the late 1970s and early 1980s,significant numbers of Haitian immigrants began to arrive and settle in Miami.Overcoming some of the most foreboding obstacles ever to face immigrants inAmerica, they, their children, and now their grandchildren, as well as morerecently arriving immigrants from Haiti, have diversified socioeconomically.Together, they have made South Florida home to the largest population ofnative-born Haitians and diasporic Haitians outside of the Caribbean and one ofthe most significant Caribbean immigrant communities in the world. Religion hasplayed a central role in making all of this happen. Crossing the Water and Keeping the Faith is a historical andethnographic study of Haitian religion in immigrant communities, based onfieldwork in both Miami and Haiti, as well as extensive archival research.Where many studies of Haitian religion limit themselves to one faith, Rey andStepick explore Catholicism, Protestantism, and Vodou in conversation with oneanother, suggesting that despite the differences between these practices, thethree faiths ultimately create a sense of unity, fulfillment, and self-worth inHaitian communities. This meticulously researched and vibrantly written bookcontributes to the growing body of literature on religion among new immigrants,as well as providing a rich exploration of Haitian faith communities