jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Wireless integration to optimize environmental recognition and calculate the trajectory of a group of robots

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Nowadays artificial intelligence and swarm robotics become wide spread and take their approach in civil tasks. The main purpose of the article is to show the influence of common knowledge about surroundings sharing in the robotic group navigation problem by implementing the data transferring within the group. Methodology provided in article reviews a set of tasks implementation of which improves the results of robotic group navigation. The main questions for the research are the problems of robotics vision, path planning, data storing and data exchange. Article describes the structure of real-time laser technical vision system as the main environment-sensing tool for robots. The vision system uses dynamic triangulation principle. Article provides examples of obtained data, distance-based methods for resolution and speed control. According to the data obtained by provided vision system were decided to use matrix-based approach for robots path planning, it inflows the tasks of surroundings discretization, and trajectory approximation. Two network structure types for data transferring are compared. Authors are proposing a methodology for dynamic network forming based on leader changing system. For the confirmation of theory were developed an application of robotic group modeling. Obtained results show that common knowledge sharing between robots in-group can significantly decrease individual trajectories length.
Estimation of Arachidonic Acid Synthesis in Full Term Neonates Using Natural Variation of 13C Content

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Summary Neonates need arachidonic acid (AA) for their growing tissues, but it is unknown to what extent they can synthesize AA from dietary linoleic acid (LA). We studied infantile AA synthesis by using different natural 13 C amounts in dietary fats. The diets of four infants ages 18 ± 4 days (mean ± SD) with newly diagnosed phenylketonuria were changed from breast milk or formula to a phenylalanine‐free diet with corn oil as the only fat source. Compared with most dietary fats in Europe derived from C 3 plants, corn oil LA has a higher 13 C content. We determined the 13 C content of LA and AA in 0.25–0.5 ml serum before and for 3–4 days after the diet change with gas chromatography combustion isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC‐IRMS). Baseline δ 13 C values were ‐ 31.5 ± 1.1% 0 (mean ± SD) for serum LA and ‐ 30.1 ± 1.2% 0 for AA. The corn oil diet induced changes of δ 13 C values over baseline in LA of 8.9 ± 1.0 on day 1 and 12.7 ± 0.7 on day 4, respectively. The changes of AA δ 13 C values were 0.5 ± 0.7 and 2.7 ± 0.7 on days 1 and 4. We conclude that reproducible detection of differences in δ 13 C values of fatty acids in small samples of infantile serum, induced by dietary variation of natural 13 C amounts, is feasible with GC‐IRMS. Since the corn oil diet did not contain AA, the observed change of AA δ 13 C shows active endogenous AA synthesis in full‐term neonates. Using a simplified isotopic balance calculation, we estimate that an average 23% of plasma AA on study day 4 originates from infantile LA conversion.
Tetanus toxin is labeled with photoactivatable phospholipids at low pH

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The mechanism of cell penetration by tetanus toxin is unknown; it has been suggested that the toxin may penetrate into the lipid bilayer from a low-pH vesicular compartment. In this work, the interaction of tetanus toxin with liposomal model membranes has been studied by following its photoinduced cross-linking with either a nitrene or a carbene photolytically generated from corresponding light-sensitive phosphatidylcholine analogues. The toxin was labeled only at pHs lower than 5.5. The low pH acquired hydrophobicity of tetanus toxin appears to be confined to its light chain and to the 45-kDa NH2-terminal fragment of the heavy chain. Negatively charged lipids promote the interaction of this toxin with the hydrocarbon chain of phospholipids. The relevance of the present findings to the possible mechanism of nerve cell penetration by tetanus toxin is discussed.
C H Rautenbach, P S Dreyer en C K Oberholzer: Hulle nalatenskap en die pad vorentoe<Sup>1<Sup>

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

C H Rautenbach, P S Dreyer and C K Oberholzer: Their legacy and the way ahead. This article explores the legacy of three early philosophers at the University of Pretoria (1939-1987), who contributed substantially to the Nederduitsch Hervormde Kerk's perspectives on the relation between (modern) theology and (modern) philosophy. The authors consider their legacy to be an essentially Kantian stabilisation of the complex and problematic relationship between reason and faith, church and society, and theology and philosophy. The article then proceeds to interpret the changes in these relationships that were brought about by the postmodern discourse.
Origin, evolution, and distribution of different groups of non-LTR retrotransposons among eukaryotes

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Non-LTR retrotransposons are an ancient group of retroelements. Twenty-one clades are distinguished today among non-LTR retrotransposons. The presence of different clades in the genome characterizes the diversity of non-LTR retrotransposons of the organism. This review presents a general picture of the evolution and distribution of different clades of non-LTR retrotransposons among the main taxa of eukaryotic organisms: protozoa, plants, fungi, and metazoa. Introduction in the analysis of new taxa and the use of new bioinformatic and experimental approaches can significantly extend our knowledge about non-LTR retrotransposons and their role in the evolution and functioning of eukaryotic genomes.
Random quotients of mapping class groups are quasi-isometrically rigid

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We prove several rigidity properties for random quotients of mapping class groups of surfaces, namely whose kernel is normally generated by the n-th steps of finitely many independent random walks. Firstly, we generalise a celebrated theorem of Ivanov's: every automorphism of the corresponding quotient of the curve graph is induced by a mapping class. Next, we show that, if a finitely generated group is quasi-isometric to a random quotient, then the two groups are weakly commensurable. This uses techniques from the world of hierarchically hyperbolic groups: indeed, in the process we clarify a proof of Behrstock, Hagen, and Sisto on the quasi-isometric rigidity of mapping class groups, which might possibly be applied to other hierarchically hyperbolic groups. Finally, we show that the automorphisms groups of our quotients, as well as their abstract commensurators, coincide with the groups themselves. Our results hold for a wider family of quotients, namely those whose kernel act by sufficiently large translations on the curve graph. This class also includes quotients by suitable powers of a pseudo-Anosov element.
Separability for weakly irreducible matrices

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

This paper is devoted to the study of the separability problem in the field of Quantum information theory. We focus on the bipartite finite dimensional case and on two types of matrices: SPC and PPT matrices (see definitions 32 and 33). We prove that many results hold for both types. If these matrices have specific Hermitian Schmidt decompositions then they are separable in a very strong sense (see theorem 38 and corollary 39). We prove that both types have what we call \textbf{split decompositions} (see theorems 41 and 42). We also define the notion of weakly irreducible matrix (see definition 43), based on the concept of irreducible state defined recently in \cite{chen1}, \cite{chen} and \cite{chen2}.}{These split decomposition theorems imply that every SPC $($PPT$)$ matrix can be decomposed into a sum of $s+1$ SPC $($PPT$)$ matrices of which the first $s$ are weakly irreducible, by theorem 48, and the last one has a further split decomposition of lower tensor rank, by corollary 49. Thus the SPC $($PPT$)$ matrix is decomposed in a finite number of steps into a sum of weakly irreducible matrices. Different components of this sum have support on orthogonal local Hilbert spaces, therefore the matrix is separable if and only if each component is separable. This reduces the separability problem for SPC $($PPT$)$ matrices to the case of weakly irreducible SPC $($PPT$)$ matrices. We also provide a complete description of weakly irreducible matrices of both types (see theorem 46).}{Using the fact that every positive semidefinite Hermitian matrix with tensor rank 2 is separable (see theorem 58), we found sharp inequalites providing separability for both types (see theorems 61 and 62).
Characterization of alcohol-containing dairy emulsions: pseudo-ternary phase diagrams of sodium caseinate-oil-ethanol systems

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The physical properties and the stability of alcohol containing emulsions made with sodium caseinate using two types of oil, canola oil and coconut oil, were investigated. The region of emulsion stability was presented on ternary phase diagrams. Emulsion stability was limited to emulsion compositions in the range of sodium caseinate solutions between 32-68 %wt, oil contents between 10-53 %wt and ethanol concentrations from 8 to 32 %wt. The type of oil had a minor effect on emulsion stability, but stability was sensitive to ethanol content and casein/oil ratio. Emulsions were classified as Newtonian fluids, with high ethanol content (> 20 %wt) being low viscosity and those of low ethanol content (< 20 %wt) being of high viscosity. Analysis of emulsion droplet sizes showed that the presence of ethanol affected the average droplet size. From lipid oxidation determinations, there was no clear correlation between casein/oil ratio and concentration of lipid hydroperoxides
Studies IN Bacteriosis: XIX. Researches on the Group of Green‐Fluorescent Bacteria, Part I; Bacterium Trifoliorum (Jones ET AL.) AS THE Cause OF A Disease OF Vicia Faba

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

S ummary A disease of Vicia faba is described and the causal organism identified as B. trifoliorum. This species is compared with other members of the green‐fluorescent group of bacteria.
2005), Life Annuity Insurance Versus Self-annuitization: An Analysis from the Perspective

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

When comparing investment in an immediate life annuity with a payout-equivalent investment fund decumulation plan (self-annuitization), previous research focused on shortfall probabilities of self-annuitization. Chances of self-annuitization (i.e., bequests) typically have not been addressed. We argue that heirs might be willing to bear the shortfall risk of the retiree’s self-annuitization since they might benefit from a bequest. Our article proposes a “family strategy ” in which heirs receive the remaining investment fund on the retiree’s death, but are obliged to finance the re-tiree if the fund becomes exhausted. We estimate the chance and risk profile of this “family strategy ” from the heirs ’ perspective using German capital and annuity market data. We show that in many cases, our “family strategy ” offers enormous chance potential with low shortfall risk. Finally, we discuss some limitations of the proposed “family strategy ” when putting the concept into practice.
Use of phytotherapeutics in dental biofilm control: integrative review

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Phytotherapeutics have been used worldwide to combat various pathologies. In Brazil, since 2006, the SUS has made phytotherapeutics available to the population as a preventive and curative method. The benefits of phytotherapeutics are being studied for application in dentistry, based on the anti-inflammatory and antibacterial actions of certain plants. Based on the documented benefits of this group of medications, this study aims to answer the following guiding question: "Are phytotherapeutics effective in controlling dental biofilm?" To address this question, an integrative review was conducted using the databases Periódicos Capes, Lilacs, Scielo, BVS, and ARCA, with inclusion criteria being works published in Portuguese, English, and Spanish from 2012 to 2022, using the descriptors Phytotherapy, Dentistry, and Biofilm. It is concluded that phytotherapeutics show significant results in controlling dental biofilm. The Brazilian flora, rich in plant diversity, offers ample possibilities for new studies in combating dental pathologies.
Pharmacological Effects of D-myo-Inositol-1,2,6-Trisphosphate

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

PP56, D-myo-inositol-1,2,6-trisphosphate (1,2,6-IP3) is a new chemical entity for therapeutic use developed by Perstorp Pharma, Sweden, in collaboration with the originator Ass. Prof. M.J. Sirén, Switzerland (M.J. Sirén, US Patent No. 4735 936, EPO Patent No. 179 439, 1984). The physiological role of different inositol phosphates is presently undergoing extensive research. The effects observed with different analogues seem to be very specific. The most studied analogue is the intracellular second messenger 1,4,5-IP3, which stimulates intracellular release of calcium affecting cellular metabolism and secretion. In contrast, PP56 does not induce calcium release (1). PP56 is manufactured via enzymatic degradation of phytic acid and purified by a chromatographic process. Several pharmacological effects of PP56 have been documented in animal models representing acute as well as chronic diseases. In acute inflammatory models PP56 has been shown to counteract physical, immunological as well as agonist-induced inflammation. For example in a thermal skin injury model,
Clozapine- and non-clozapine-associated neutropenia in patients with schizophrenia: a retrospective cohort study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: The antipsychotic drug clozapine remains underutilized partly because of the risk of life-threatening adverse effects, such as neutropenia. Therefore, an extensive hematological monitoring program was set up to detect neutropenia. Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, we used registry-based data from the Capital Region of Denmark to investigate incidence rates of neutropenia among patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia or other psychotic disorders and treated with clozapine for the first time. In a within-subject design, we compared rates of neutropenia in time periods where patients were exposed to clozapine versus time periods, where they were not exposed to clozapine. We also investigated whether the lengths of clozapine-associated neutropenia (CAN) were related to discontinuation of clozapine treatment. Results: Data from 520 clozapine users were included. The incidence rate of CAN was 3.2 cases per 100 person-years (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.1–4.8) throughout the entire study. There was no significant difference in incidence rates of neutropenia during clozapine exposure and non-clozapine exposure, with an incidence rate ratio of 0.7 (95% CI: 0.4–1.3). One episode of severe neutropenia was detected. Episodes of CAN with only one sub-threshold neutrophil count were not associated with higher clozapine discontinuation (26%) than CAN episodes of more than one sub-threshold neutrophil count (28%). Conclusion: In the present study, we could not confirm that clozapine treatment was associated with neutropenia.
Regulator of G Protein Signaling 6 (RGS6), A Novel Modulator of Doxorubicin‐induced Cardiotoxicity and Apoptosis

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Doxorubicin (Dox) is an anthracycline chemotherapeutic agent that is among the most effective and widely used drugs for treatment of human cancers. Unfortunately, Dox induces life‐threatening cardiotoxicity, which is the major limitation to its use. The cellular mechanisms that underlie cardiac damage upon Dox treatment remain unclear, but are known to involve p53‐mediated apoptosis, loss of ventricular function and sinus tachycardia. Here, we show that RGS6, a protein indispensable for parasympathetic control of automaticity, is dramatically induced by Dox in atria and ventricles of mice and mediates subsequent activation of ATM, p53, and apoptosis. Indeed, hearts or isolated ventricular mycocytes from RGS6 −/− mice are protected from Dox‐induced p53/ATM phosphorylation, Bax upregulation and cleavage of caspase‐3. RGS6 is required for Dox‐mediated reactive oxygen species production, essential for subsequent activation of DNA damage signaling. Participation of RGS6 in this pro‐apoptotic signaling cascade is independent of its canonical role as a G protein regulator. Unsurprisingly, mice lacking RGS6 are protected from Dox‐induced heart damage. These results effectively identify RGS6 as a critical mediator of Dox‐induced cardiotoxicity in vivo . Thus, RGS6 inhibition might represent a viable means to protect against heart damage in patients undergoing Dox chemotherapy.
Reliability of the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Aims: Reliabilities of the work environment questionnaire Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire (COPSOQ) have previously been estimated by Cronbach’s alpha, but since the internal consistency assumption may not apply to all COPSOQ scales, Cronbach’s alpha may underestimate true reliability. This study aims to evaluate reliability in a test—retest design. Methods: We analyzed postal questionnaire data from 349 persons (of whom 283 were employees) who completed two forms with a median interval of 22 (range 6—65) days between baseline and follow-up. Test—retest reliabilities were estimated by the intraclass correlation (ICC). For scales where the internal consistency assumption was theoretically plausible, reliabilities were also estimated by Cronbach’s alpha and by Green’s test—retest alpha. Results: With one exception, the ICC estimated reliabilities of the COPSOQ scales were adequate or good (range 0.70—0.89). A scale concerning mutual trust between employees had a low reliability of 0.64. Among the scales where the internal consistency assumption was plausible, Cronbach’s alpha was adequate or good (0.75—0.85) for seven out of eight scales. Green’s retest alpha was adequate or good for six out of eight scales (0.72—0.81). Conclusions: Standard criteria for acceptable intraclass correlation reliability were achieved for all COPSOQ scales but one. The test—retest design and intraclass correlation appears to be more appropriate than Cronbach’s alpha for assessing the reliability of psychosocial work environment scales.
Survey of image classification models for transfer learning

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Training models for image classification is a very time-consuming task. It has always been a challenge for researchers and practitioners to train a model partly because of the large dataset required, which is complex and sometimes almost impossible to source. This has recently led to the use of pre-trained models for image classifications. Pre-trained models have gained popularity because they initialize the model with appropriate weight and significantly reduce the training time and dataset required. There are many image classification pre-trained models in use today, and this paper will focus on investigating the performance of the ten top models (ConvNext, DenseNet, EfficientNet, InceptionResNet, Inception, mobileNet, ResNet, VGG, Xception, NasNet) using caltech101 dataset containing 101 object classes and caltech256 dataset containing 256 object classes. The models are all trained on the ImageNet-1k dataset. Tensorflow and Keras were used as the frameworks for developing the experiments. The accuracy, precision, recall, and f1-score were used as metrics for model performance evaluation. The findings and analysis underscore the significance of training time, number of epochs, and choice of model in image classification.
Big Flu Case Drop Shown In Report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

• 90 cases and two deaths were reported for the day.• On the previous day 169 cases and 20 deaths were listed.• During the previous week 3,829 cases and 178 deaths were reported.• The ordinance implementing a $50 minimum fine for violation of mask and quarantine laws became effective this day, and the top range of penalties is $500 or six months in jail.
Diagnostic Imaging of Temporomandibular Joint- A Review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) articulation is classified as a ginglymodiarthrodial joint, namely, a joint that is able of hinge-type movements (ginglymos) and gliding movements, with the bony components enclosed and connected by a fibrous capsule [1]. Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) affect more than 5% of the general population. Radiographic investigation of the temporomandibular joints (TMJ) offers information adding to the clinical examination, and establishing the final diagnosis [3]. A wide range of diagnostic tools creates a possibility of a multidisciplinary insight into temporomandibular disorders in order to diagnose them correctly [6]. The goals of TMJ radiography are to evaluate cortical and trabecular architecture of the bony structures and confirm their integrity, to assess the extent and monitor progression of osseous changes, and to evaluate the response to treatment [9].
Characterization of aphid pathogenic species in the genusPandoraby PCR techniques and digital image analysis

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Twenty-eight isolates of the insect pathogenic fungus genus Pandora Humber derived from various geographical locations and insect hosts were studied in order to examine both genotypic as well as phenotypic variation. We included sixteen Pandora neoaphidis, two Pandora nouryi, three Pandora kondoiensis, one Pandora bullata and six Pandora delphacis isolates in the study. The sizes of ITS bands and RAPD-PCR patterns were used to investigate the genotypic variations. For phenotypic characterization the length and width of the primary conidia were measured and the size and shape of the conidia were quantified in digital images. The size of ITS divided Pandora isolates from Aphididae into the following four groups: (i) all P. neoaphidis isolates, (ii) two isolates of P. kondoiesis including the ex-neotype, (iii) one isolate of P. nouryi and (iv) one isolate of P. kondoiesis and one isolate of P. nouryi. The analysis of RAPD data fully supported the groupings obtained for the ITS lengths. The RAPD technique was able to distinguish between all isolates except those isolated from the same epizootic. It was shown that, among the P. neoaphidis isolates, a correlation between RAPD-PCR profile and geographical origin of the isolate was present while no correlation between host species and profile was seen. The analysis of digital images was here employed for the first time for entomopathogenic fungi. The digital image analysis supported at a quantitative level the original descriptions of P. neoaphidis and P. delphacis primary conidia as ovoid to ellipsoidal whereas the primary conidia of P. nouryi and P. kondoiensis are ovoid. Within these two clusters information on host insect species is important for distinguishing fungal species. Thus, by combining digital image analysis and information on host insect species the results agreed with the genetic analysis.