jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A simple method of blood pressure measurement in the pig using a neonatal cuff.

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

The pig is a commonly used large animal model in experimental studies. Few non-invasive techniques exist however for the measurement of blood pressure in the porcine model. This study evaluates the novel use of the easily available neonatal blood pressure cuff for measuring blood pressure in the pig. Six Yorkshire pigs were used for the study. Blood pressure measurements obtained by the application of neonatal blood pressure cuff (Hewlett Packard) around the base of the tail were compared with results obtained from intra-arterial measurements in the normotensive range as well as in experimentally created hypertensive (intravenous dopamine) and hypotensive (hypovolaemic shock) ranges. Results of the two techniques are closely correlated (Pearson's coefficient = 0.95, 0.97, 0.90). Systematic bias was however detected at the extremes of hypertensive and hypotensive blood pressure. Analysis of the limits of agreement (method of Bland and Altman) showed that neonatal blood pressure cuff measurements fall within--2 to 2.5 mmHg of the readings obtained from the invasive technique (95% confidence interval). The neonatal blood pressure cuff technique is a good substitute for the standard invasive intra-arterial measurement of blood pressure in the pig model.
Influence of Long-Term Nitrogen Substitution through Organics on Yield, Uptake and Available Nutrients in a Rice-Wheat System in an Acidic Soil

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Effect of nitrogen substitution through different organics on yield, uptake and available nutrients in a ricewheat system was studied after 17 and 18th cropping cycles. Nitrogen substitution through different organics increased significantly the productivity and NPK uptake by rice and wheat. Grain yield of rice, wheat and that of the system increased significantly with the increasing levels of NPK. The maximum yield of rice (3.62 t ha−1) and that of the system (7.04 t ha−1 in terms of rice grain equivalent) was recorded under T5 (50% NPK along with 50% N through FYM during kharif followed by 100% NPK during rabi), while wheat grain yield was maximum (3.20 t ha−1) in T4 (100% NPK to both the crops). The total uptake of N, P and K by rice-wheat system was also highest in T5. Though the chemical sources of nutrients increased crop yields over control, these failed to improve the soil properties vis-a-vis combined use of the organics and inorganics. The improvement of soil fertility with respect to available macronutrients and micronutrient cations was also prominent with the application of 50% NPK + 50% N through FYM in kharif followed by 100% NPK in rabi.
Wenny Has Wings

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

After the accident, something big happened to Will North. Something that he is too scared to tell anyone about in case they think he's mad. For when the truck hit him and his sister Wenny, they found themselves flying through the most beautiful place they'd ever seen in their lives. And the only person he can talk to about it is Wenny. But she isn't here - she didn't come back. The doctor says that Will died for 10 minutes after the accident and that he's lucky to have survived. But Will doesn't think he's lucky. Everything has changed - his parents don't smile any more and he knows they blame him for what happened. He wishes he'd stayed in that happy place with Wenny...Written in a collection of letters to his sister, this is a beautifully crafted, deeply moving and ultimately uplifting novel.
Ultrafast Optical Sampling Finds Applications in Precision Measurement

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The merging of optical sampling and femtosecond optical frequency combs has led to new technologies that find many applications in precision measurement. Here, we introduce the basic principles of asynchronous optical sampling Asynchronous Optical Sampling (ASOPS) and optical sampling by cavity tuning Optical Sampling by Cavity Tuning (OSCAT) and review the recent progress in their applications.
Physical Education Survey during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Eastern Indonesia

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Almost the whole world was affected by the Study From Home (SFH) policy from Elementary Schools to Higher Education during the Covid-19 Pandemic, however teaching and learning activities did not stop even though the world was facing an outbreak of this disease including Indonesia despite face-to-face teaching and learning activities since last March and schools were not ready to reopen face-to-face teaching and learning activities physically because it was still difficult to implement the Covid-19 prevention health protocol and increasingly massive procedures in educational institutions during face-to-face learning. This study aims to see how the distance learning activities for students are implemented in eastern Indonesia. A total of 432 students from junior high school, high school and tertiary education were sampled in this study. Through this research, data about interest in distance learning can be obtained, as well as what they experience during the distance learning period. This study also provides an overview of difficulties during distance learning, the dominant material and tasks given by the teacher during the Pandemic period as well as inhibiting and supporting factors in distance learning. This study uses a descriptive method, with the research instrument using a questionnaire made through the google form application from respondents and direct visits of subject teachers to students' homes that are not reached by the internet.
THE CONTRIBUTION OF GANG MEMBERSHIP TO DELINQUENCY BEYOND DELINQUENT FRIENDS*

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Both being involved in a gang and having friends who are delinquent have been shown to contribute to an individual's own delinquency. However, the unique contribution of gang membership to delinquency, above and beyond having delinquent peers, has not been well studied. Increased delinquency among gang members may not be due to gang membership per se, but to the members' association with delinquent peers. Using data from the Seattle Social Development Project, this research compared involvement in delinquency for gang members, nongang youths with delinquent friends, and nongang youths who did not have delinquent friends. MANOVA and follow‐up ANOVA were conducted to determine differences on measures of delinquency among the three groups at ages 14 and 15. Gang members were found to have a higher rate of offending in the past year when compared with the other groups. The contribution of gang membership to delinquency above and beyond having delinquent friends was also examined using structural equation modeling. Gang membership was found to independently predict both self‐reported and officially recorded delinquency beyond the effects of having delinquent friends and prior delinquency. Implications of the results for delinquency prevention and intervention efforts are discussed.
The pricing of firms with expected losses/profits: The role of January

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Abstract We examine the role of January in the relation between expected losses/profits and future stock returns. We predict and find that the relation between expected losses/profits and future returns reverses from the usual positive relation in non‐January months to a negative one in January. The reverse January relation is consistent across sample years, is observed in the United States and international markets, and is incremental to other variables associated with January returns. At least part of the reverse January relation is explained by tax‐loss selling. Further analysis shows that the reverse January relation results in a temporary price drift away from fundamental value . In other words, we find that abnormal positive (negative) future returns do not always indicate past under(over)valuation. Overall, our results illustrate the importance of controlling for the effect of January when examining how investors price expected losses/profits.
Research Methodology of Cross-Flow Cylinder Pipe Hydrodynamical

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Experimental setup (hydrodynamic pipe) for the study of turbulent flows has been upgraded. Test experiments with a cross-flow around a cylinder have been carried out. Using the method of flow visualization PIV (Particle Image Velocimetry) the velocity fields around the cylinder for precavitational and cavitation regimes (Re = 2,8 · 105 ) have been obtained
A novel fibroblast activation protein-targeted near-infrared fluorescent off-on probe for cancer cell detection, &ITin vitro&IT and &ITin vivo &ITimaging

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A new hemicyanine-based fibroblast activation protein-targeted near-infrared fluorescent probe is designed and it shows high selectivity and sensitivity to cancer cell detection, and in vitro and in vivo imaging. This probe is successfully applied in fluorescence detection of living cells (with a detection limit of 1500 cells per mL). It is believed that many new functions or distributions of FAP could be discovered by this new probe later.
Tumor Cavitation with Anlotinib Treatment in Lung Adenocarcinoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Tumor cavitation is distinguished by the emergence of central necrosis and cavity formation within the tumor mass, which indicates a notable outcome of anti-angiogenic therapies. This case describes a 52-year-old Chinese female with advanced EGFR-mutated lung adenocarcinoma (Exon 19 deletion), which was metastatic to bilateral lungs, brain, and right adrenal gland, who exhibited a radiographic response to combination therapy with the third-generation EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) aumolertinib and the anti-angiogenic agent anlotinib. The patient achieved near-complete cavitation of almost all bilateral lung nodules, manifesting as distinctive “bullet hole” lesions on the chest CT. Despite this initial response, disease progression occurred two months later with new liver metastases, culminating in the patient’s death. This case underscores the potential efficacy of EGFR TKIs and anti-angiogenic agents in inducing unique tumor microenvironment modifications, while highlighting the transient nature of such responses and the critical need to address resistance mechanisms. Tumor cavitation may serve as a radiographic marker of anti-angiogenic activity but does not preclude metastatic spread, necessitating vigilant monitoring even in the setting of favorable imaging changes.
An Evaluation of CQ Presidential Support Scores: The Relationship between Presidential Election Results and Congressional Voting Decisions

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article evaluates CQ Presidential Support Scores, used as a measurement of congressional voting decisions, to study the relationship between the district presidential vote and voting decisions on issues that concern the president. I argue that these scores, which lack objective tests for issue or group alignments, obscure both the strength and variation in the relationship being studied. I support this argument by replicating earlier analyses using a more sophisticated measurement of congressional voting decisions. I also argue that it is not appropriate to attribute influence to the district presidential vote, which is separate from general effects of constituency.
The Influence of Secondary Burden Parameters on CVT

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Powergridof110kVandhighervoltageclasshasbasicallyrealized themicrocomputer protection and theelectrical energymeasurement devices.The investigation indicated the practical secondaryburden ofvoltage transformer was less than one tenth ofrated secondaryburden,and even lower than one hundredth.The paper discussed practical requirement scope on secondaryburden ofvoltage transformer;analyzed toobigparameters ofsecondaryburden caused various negative function to capacitor voltagetransformer(CVT),and evaluated theerror performanceofCVTin operation conditions.
The Situation of the Portuguese Court and Royal Household under the first Monarch of the House of Austria (1581–1598)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

With the death of King Sebastian in the battle of Alcácer Quibir (4 August 1578), an unsteady period began for the Portuguese crown, as his successor, his uncle, the Cardinal-King Henry, was already of advanced years. The period, known as the ‘Portuguese succession crisis’, began with Philip II claiming the Portuguese crown, aiming to fulfil a dream longed for since the times of Alfonso V of Portugal and John II of Castile in the mid-fifteenth century. Within this context, for a significant part of the Portuguese elites the integration of their crown into the Spanish Monarchy was the best option, so as to maintain and strengthen the political organization and integration of the kingdom by means of the royal household. This article analyses the debates in Madrid on the maintenance, or not, of the Portuguese Royal Household after 1580, as well as the process of its maintenance and consolidation by Philip II, who aimed to follow the principles included in the Statutes of Tomar (1581) which regulated the succession.
War injuries in northern afghanistan.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Afghanistan in central Asia has experienced war for the last 2 decades, first following the Soviet invasion from 1979 to 1989, then civil wars between rival groups in the country. During 20 years of war in Afghanistan, different sorts of weapons have been used, and the fighting has produced millions of refugees. It has destroyed hospitals, schools, workplaces, individuals, and families. Afghanistan is one of the most severely mine-affected countries. Kabul, capital of Afghanistan, has been called the most heavily-mined city in the world.1 Of 119 million active antipersonnel mines throughout the world it is said that Afghanistan has 8 to 10 million unmarked mines.2 These mines are spread over 500 million square meters of irrigation land.1 Somewhere between 15% and 25% of the population is permanently disabled.3 About 50,000 Afghans have become amputees as result of mine accidents. A landmine accident takes place every hour in this country.1 Each mine costs about five dollars and, using current techniques of mine clearance, about US$1000 to remove. At the current rate of clearance it will take hundreds of years to make the whole of Afghanistan safe.2

The following prospective study was carried out at the Mazar Ophthalmic Center (MOC), the only ophthalmic center for northern and central Afghanistan (9 provinces) serving an estimated population of between 7 and 8 million.
Bile acid cocktail (BAC) induces similar changes in the expression of ion transporter MRNA in cultured esophageal epithelial cells (EEC) as observed in biopsies of Barrett's esophagus (BE).

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Bile acids are thought to have an important role in the mucosal injury of the esophagus and though acid extruding mechanisms can be key factors of the defense. We aimed to determine the effect of a BAC on the activity of ion transporters and the expression of their mRNA in cultured EECs and compare these results with the observations obtained in biopsy samples of patients with BE. Patients, methods: In confluent monolayers of CP-A EECs intracellular pH (pHi) was measured with a fluorescent dye and Na+/H+ exchangers (NHEs), Na+/HCO3- cotransporter (NBC), Cl-/HCO3- exchanger (AE) activities were determined with the ammonium pulse technique. To mimic the chronic conditions of reflux disease in vitro cells were treated by 10- minutes pulses of bile acid cocktail three times a day for 7 days. For the assessment of mRNA expression changes in the acid-base transporters quantitative real time PCR (qRT- PCR) was used. Ten patients with BE were enrolled. Biopsies were obtained from the metaplastic mucosa and also form the squamous epithelium. The mRNA expression level of NHE-1, NHE-2, NBC and AE (Slc26a6, Slc26a3) were determined with qRT- PCR. Results: Treatment of CP-A cells with 0.5 mM bile acid cocktail inhibited the activity of NHE and NBC while it stimulated the HCO3- secretion through AE. Chronic treatment of CP-A cells with bile acid cocktail induced a significant increase in the mRNA expression of NHE-1, NHE-2, NBC, Slc26a6 compared to the untreated cells. Evaluation of esophageal biopsies for the mRNA expression levels of acid/base transporters revealed significantly higher expression levels of NHE-1, NHE-2, NBC, Slc26a6 and Slc26a3 in the Barrett's epithelium compared to the squamous mucosa. Conclusions: Acute exposure of bile acids inhibited the activity of acid-extruding mechanism in EEC. The increased mRNA expression levels of acid/base transporters after chronic bile acid treatment of EECs and the similar pattern observed in the Barrett's epithelium support the pathophysiological role of biliary reflux and suggest that the observed alterations are part of the mucosal defense against bile acid induced injury.
The Clinical Significance of Duodenal Stasis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

SO much has been written on this subject that one wonders what new can be added to the voluminous literature; however, as one follows this extensive subject, he is clinically impressed with the lack of emphasis and proper clinical interpretation that is placed upon temporary delay in the duodenum. I will not burden you with the well known causes of duodenal ileus, a subject that has seemed to take both internists and surgeons by storm, so to speak, nor will I review the definite roentgenologic evidence accompanying the prolonged delay and passage of chyme to the various portions of the duodenum, for this x-ray evidence is better known to you than to me. What I am particularly interested in presenting is the clinical significance of the so-called temporary delay which can be more properly termed “stasis.” The physiology of this portion of the gastro-intestinal tract is not emphasized, nor is the biochemical phenomenon that ensues from temporary delay properly appreciated. The exact relation of gastric motility to duodenal motility is still a mooted question. Some hold that gastric movements end at the pyloric sphincter; others believe that at least in some cases the gastric wave of contraction passes down over the duodenum. In interpreting the facts on the relation of gastric motility to duodenal peristalsis, according to Ivy (1), at least four possibilities must be considered: (1) Excitatory impulse or wave of conduction may pass from the stomach to the duodenum without the actual wave of contraction passing. (2) The relative amotility of the cap, possibly due to anatomic relation and physiologic threshold of the relatively few contractile fibers of this portion of the duodenum, may mask the passage of the wave. (3) The threshold of the mucosa or the musculature of the cap may be higher than the remainder of the duodenum so that greater distention, prolonged chemical action, or a summation of the local or transmitted stimuli may be necessary to cause the cap to contract. (4) The duodenal peristalsis may be initiated almost immediately on the ejection of chyme from the stomach, due to the mechanical or chemical stimulation of the mucosa. The observations of Wheelon (2) direct attention to another portion of the duodenum in which a tendency toward retention exists, namely, the inferior flexure. This is commonly the lowest point of the duodenum, and peristalsis must overcome the effects of gravity, lifting the contents to the fixed portion of the duodenum. Any extrinsic pressure on the fixed portion of the duodenum necessarily increases this delay. Hence, the tendency toward retention in the inferior flexure is relatively insignificant, with respect to the etiology of chronic duodenal dilatation, but does enter into the discussion of temporary duodenal stasis.
Pharmacist Theodor Salzer (1833-1900) and the discovery of bisphosphonates.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Herbert Fleisch, the father of the therapeutic use of bisphosphonates in modern medicine, repeatedly stated in his numerous reviews that bisphosphonates were first synthesized 1865 in Germany by the Russian chemist Menschutkin. He was wrong on two counts. Had Menschutkin synthesized bisphosphonates, as he was a student of Wurtz at the time of the "synthesis", the birthplace of the substances would have been France and not Germany; but he did not. By reacting phosphorous acid with acetyl-chloride he obtained derivatives of pyro-phosphorous and pyro-phosphoric acids (P-O-P backbone) and not bisphosphonates (P-C-P backbone). The discovery of the first bisphosphonate occurred indeed in Germany but some thirty years later and not without some drama. First 1894 the pharmacist Theodor Salzer (1833-1900) described an impurity contained in commercially available phosphoric acid but failed to identify it as acetodiphosphoric acid, a bisphosphonate. 1896, an undergraduate student, Hans von Baeyer working in Munich at the Royal Academy of Sciences in the chemical laboratory of his father Adolf (the 1905 Nobel Prize laureate and discoverer of the barbiturates) synthesized an unknown substance which his famous father summarily rejected as some "Dreck" or impurity. Only due to the tenacity of young Hans work on the matter was continued and the paper describing the synthesis published a year later. The correctness of the chemical structure of the compound as assumed by von Baeyer (and his Ph.D. supervisor Hofmann) was confirmed 1901 by Heidepriem, a Ph.D. student of Hofmann. This short report attempts to shed some light on the life of the lesser known pharmacists and chemists involved in the synthesis of the first bisphosphonate, focusing on Salzer, Heidepriem and von Baeyer.
Human genome-microbiome interaction: metagenomics frontiers for the aetiopathology of autoimmune diseases

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

A short while ago, the human genome and microbiome were analysed simultaneously for the first time as a multi-omic approach. The analyses of heterogeneous population cohorts showed that microbiome components were associated with human genome variations. In-depth analysis of these results reveals that the majority of those relationships are between immune pathways and autoimmune disease-associated microbiome components. Thus, it can be hypothesized that autoimmunity may be associated with homeostatic disequilibrium of the human-microbiome interactome. Further analysis of human genome–human microbiome relationships in disease contexts with tailored systems biology approaches may yield insights into disease pathogenesis and prognosis.
Frame Rate Optimization in Traffic Sign Detection

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Traffic sign plays an important role to ensure maximum transportation safety for people. In an Autonomous Vehicle (AV) system, traffic signs help AV to get more familiar with the road conditions and its surrounding. AV employs Artificial Intelligence (AI) for recognizing its surrounding by detecting and classifying the traffic signs. However, AI has a high computational algorithm which takes a lot of time to finish a detection process and therefore produces a low frame rate which may lead to a fatal accident. Meanwhile, the application of a Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) in AI will increase the system's frame rate but requires an expensive cost. This paper proposes an algorithm to increase the frame rate of a traffic sign detection system without an additional GPU. Our approach is to shift the color and shape segmentation systems right before sending the frames to the main system. Since the number of frames with traffic signs typically less than the ones without traffic signs, we can reduce the computation load of the main system, and therefore a higher frame rate will be achieved. We show that the pre-processing system improves the frame rate of the system to reach 19.4 frames per second.