jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Capillary Electrophoresis Separation of Monoclonal Antibody Isoforms Using a Neutral Capillary

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Biotherapeutic proteins, such as monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), are feasible alternatives for the treatment of chronic-degenerative diseases. The biological activity of these proteins depends on their physicochemical properties. The use of high-performance techniques like chromatography and capillary electrophoresis has been described for the analysis of physicochemical heterogeneity of mAbs. Nowadays, capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) technique constitutes one of the most resolutive and sensitive assays for the analysis of biomolecules. Besides, the electro-driven separation in CZE is governed by extensive properties of matter and offers the advantage of analyzing proteins close to their native state. However, the successful implementation of this technique for routine analysis depends on the skills of the analyst at the critical steps during sample and system preparation. The purpose of this tutorial is to detail the steps to succeed in the CZE analysis of mAbs. Further, this protocol can be used for the development and improvement of skills of the personnel involved in protein analytical chemistry laboratories.
Experimental fracture healing: evaluation using radionuclide bone imaging: concise communication. [/sup 99m/Tc-methylene diphosphonate; rabbits]

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Radionuclide bone imaging was performed in a rabbit model to observe the course of fracture healing and to establish criteria for distinguishing nonunion and delayed healing from normal healing. Sequential gamma-camera images (with pinhole collimator) were collected and subjected to computer analysis. Five groups were established: (a) control--immobilization; (b) control--immobilization plus periosteal stripping; (c) simple fracture--osteotomy; (d) delayed union--osteotomy plus periosteal stripping; and (e) nonunion--osteotomy, periosteal stripping and polymethyl methacrylate interposed between fracture fragments. Histographic representation of absolute count rates along rabbit tibias followed a predictable pattern in the simple-fracture and delayed-union groups. They differed only in the time of appearance of phases. The non-union group demonstrated no recognizable sequential pattern. In this experimental model, serial bone scanning the quantitative data analysis has shown potential for indicating the course of healing in fractures and for serving as a guide to treatment.
An Alternative Perspective on Recruitment Overfishing and Biological Reference Points

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Biological reference points are used to guide fisheries management decisions. The reference points most often used are expressed in terms of fishing mortality rate (F). F msy relates to the maximization of sustainable yield. In principle, it is a most useful reference point, but in practice it is difficult to estimate. F max and F 0.1 relate to certain levels of yield per recruit and are easily estimated, but they ignore conservation of the resource. Recruitment overfishing has usually been understood to occur when a population has been fished down to a point where recruitment is substantially reduced or fails. It has not been used as a basis for a biological reference point because the definition is vague and cannot be readily related to fishing mortality. Levels of spawning biomass below which recruitment seems to be reduced have been used, but their determination from available data is usually difficult and controversial. We propose an alternative definition of recruitment overfishing in terms of the level of fishing pressure that reduces the spawning biomass of a year class over its lifetime below the spawning biomass of its parents on average. Conventional models and types of data can be used to determine this level of F, denoted as F rep , which clearly relates to the replacement of spawning biomass and thus to sustainability of a population and yield in the long term.
PHENOTYPIC CONVERSION OF ADULT ACUTE MYELOCYTIC LEUKEMIA AFTER TREATMENT

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective:We report seven cases of phenotypic conversion of adult acute myelocytic leukemia after treatment,revealing the feature of cytogenetics and clinic.Methods:The clinical information of these seven patients are collected and the abnormality of associated chromosomes and chimeric genes are detected.Results:Shifts in FAB classification are observed in all of the seven cases,two cases also present chromosomal changes.Phenotypic conversion occurs 1～14 months (mean time 6.33 months)after the first complete remission.After the phenotypic conversion these patients become insensitive to chemotherapy.Conclusion:The patients with phenotypic conversion are insensitive to chemotherapy or induce differentiation and apoptosis therapy.We suggest that the dynamic detection of minimal residual disease or complexed chromosome abnormality or novel chromosome of these patients during the period of CR 1 should be carried out.If any positive result presented,high dose chemotherapy of hemopoietic stem cell transplantation may be helpful to prolong the survival time.It is tempting to make further investigations in this field.
Linked collectors and determiners for: Herbarium specimens of Herbiers Universitaires de Clermont-Ferrand (CLF).

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "Herbarium specimens of Herbiers Universitaires de Clermont-Ferrand (CLF)". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, https://bionomia.net/dataset/def8d066-e920-42d6-bb67-dfca6980c7f3 using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, https://gbif.org/dataset/def8d066-e920-42d6-bb67-dfca6980c7f3. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.
Molecular architecture of the vesicular stomatitis virus RNA polymerase

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Nonsegmented negative-strand (NNS) RNA viruses initiate infection by delivering into the host cell a highly specialized RNA synthesis machine comprising the genomic RNA completely encapsidated by the viral nucleocapsid protein and associated with the viral polymerase. The catalytic core of this protein–RNA complex is a 250-kDa multifunctional large (L) polymerase protein that contains enzymatic activities for nucleotide polymerization as well as for each step of mRNA cap formation. Working with vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), a prototype of NNS RNA viruses, we used negative stain electron microscopy (EM) to obtain a molecular view of L, alone and in complex with the viral phosphoprotein (P) cofactor. EM analysis, combined with proteolytic digestion and deletion mapping, revealed the organization of L into a ring domain containing the RNA polymerase and an appendage of three globular domains containing the cap-forming activities. The capping enzyme maps to a globular domain, which is juxtaposed to the ring, and the cap methyltransferase maps to a more distal and flexibly connected globule. Upon P binding, L undergoes a significant rearrangement that may reflect an optimal positioning of its functional domains for transcription. The structural map of L provides new insights into the interrelationship of its various domains, and their rearrangement on P binding that is likely important for RNA synthesis. Because the arrangement of conserved regions involved in catalysis is homologous, the structural insights obtained for VSV L likely extend to all NNS RNA viruses.
Neurotrophic control of channel properties at neuromuscular synapses of rat muscle

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

1. Ectopic neuromuscular synapses formed when the fibular nerve was implanted into the proximal part of rat soleus muscle and the soleus nerve was cut. The gating properties of acetylcholine (ACh) receptor channels in the newly formed ectopic and in the denervated original end‐plates were examined at various stages of ectopic synapse formation. 2. At ectopic end‐plates the apparent mean open time of ACh receptor channels changes during synaptic development. Channels in immature ectopic end‐plates, examined 1 week after cutting the soleus nerve, have apparent mean open times of ∼4 ms (at ‐70 mV, 22 °C), similar to those of the extrasynaptic ACh receptor channels of completely denervated fibres. The channel gating of mature ectopic end‐plates, examined 3‐7 weeks after nerve section, is characterized by a mean open time of ∼1 ms and resembles that found in normal end‐plates of adult fibres. 3. The conversion of end‐plate channel gating occurs during the second and third week of synapse formation. During this period two discrete classes of channels with different gating behaviour are present in the ectopic end‐plate. 4. Examination of ectopic end‐plates in the electron microscope reveals that junctional folds begin to appear in the subsynaptic membrane during the period of channel conversion. 5. At the denervated original end‐plates of ectopically innervated fibres the apparent mean open time of ACh receptor channels remains similar to that of normally innervated end‐plates. Original end‐plates retain the normal synaptic class of channel for at least 42 days after denervation. At this time, most of the ACh receptors present originally in the membrane have been replaced by newly inserted receptors. 6. At former end‐plates of completely denervated fibres ACh activates two classes of channels, even when most of the ACh receptors originally present in the end‐plate have been replaced by new receptors. 7. The results show that during synapse formation a neurally controlled conversion of ACh receptor channels occurs about 2‐3 weeks after establishment of the nerve muscle contact. Thereafter end‐plate channel properties are independent of neural influences. These observations are consistent with a mechanism of channel conversion whereby the nerve modifies not the ACh receptor channel itself, but another constituent of the end‐plate membrane which determines the gating properties of end‐plate channels.
Intense Field Ionization of Methane, Butane, and Octane: Transition from Molecular to Atomic Response

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Ionization yields of C +a (n<6) from ionization of methane, butane, and octane are measured from 10 13 W/cm 2 to 10 16 W/cm 2 . As one reaches 10 16 W/cm 2 the molecular response becomes atomic-like.
Alleged Rape

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

T'he number of cases of rape and sexual assaults on females and unnatural offences is not very large when considered in proportion to the population of this country, but, small though the number may be, the cases cause a considerable amount of anxiety to the practitioner who has to deal with them.It is, moreover, significant that crimes of this nature have shown for the last 50 years a regular and steady increase.For example, the annual average number of such crimes known to the police for successive five-year periods from 1900 to 1949 was
[Inhibition of medullary respiratory neuron discharges by microiontophoretic application of beta-alanine in the region of the nucleus tractus of the rabbit].

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Experiments were performed on 16 vagotomized,curareparalyzed and arti-
ficially ventilated rabbits,using multibarrelled glass microelectrodes for recording
respiratory unit discharges in the region of nucleus tractus solitarius and their
responsiveness to iontophoretically applied β-alanine.Of the 60 respiratory
units,53 were depressed,the mean discharge frequency being reduced from 38.23±
2.13/s to 17.41±2.30/s following application of β-alanine.The depressant effect
of β-alanine on respiratory neurones increased with dose.Microiontophoretically
applied strychnine antagonized the action of β-alanine in most units.β-alanine
tended to inhibit not only inspiratory neurones but also expiratory ones.
O-099 What we know of putative causal relations

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Most men with infertility are otherwise healthy at the time of fertility workup. However, several studies have repeatedly shown that infertile men are at increased risk for developing comorbidities, while the causal links between these conditions remain mostly unclear. Associations between male infertility and comorbidities were specifically described for cardiovascular disease and consecutive death, high blood pressure, diabetes mellitus type 2, metabolic syndrome, autoimmune diseases (like Multiple Sclerosis), testicular germ cell cancer and prostate cancer. Many of these studies are based on health records or observational studies, with a diagnosis of ‘infertility’ based on questionnaire data or the review of medical records. As a consequence, they often lack deep phenotypic characterization of patients and do not consider the underlying heterogeneity (in causes) of infertility. Male infertility can be caused by a variety of etiologic factors: e.g., genetic, hypothalamic/pituitary disorders, malignant diseases, maldescended testes, toxic substances. For some infertile conditions, like ‘secondary hypogonadism’ for instance, where reduced testosterone may serve as risk factor for future comorbidity the causal relation is obvious. However, in the majority of infertile men causative factors leading to impaired fertility cannot be identified, yet. Male infertility of yet unknown etiology, i.e. ‘idiopathic’ (semen parameters affected) or ‘unexplained’ (semen parameters unaffected) infertility is likely caused by a combination of common genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. However, the interplay of these factors is currently understudied, therewith diagnostic accuracy is reduced, which leads to a large fraction of pathomechanistically unexplained infertility, and precludes personalised medicine and the identification of a putative shared etiologic basis of comorbidities and infertility. In this lecture I will give an overview on certain known causal relations of infertile conditions and the development of comorbidities later in life. I will also focus on what we currently do not know, and where future projects should yield at. Since an understanding of the etiology of these phenotypic co-occurences would substantiate the putative role of male infertility as an early marker for comorbidities later in life and would allow better understanding of the etiology of infertility. In addition, this knowledge has the potential to develop early preventive strategies for improved health care in infertile males.
Experimental Observation on Rice Sheath Rot Disease

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This article 'Experimental Observation on Rice Sheath Rot Disease' appeared in the International Rice Research Newsletter series, created by the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI). The primary objective of this publication was to expedite communication among scientists concerned with the development of improved technology for rice and for rice based cropping systems. This publication will report what scientists are doing to increase the production of rice in as much as this crop feeds the most densely populated and land scarce nations in the world.
Impact of over-the-top video providers on viewing satisfaction and its effect on watching a movie in cinema: Bridging preferences and challenges

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Netflix, Disney Hotstar, Amazon Prime, and VIU are projected to abolish cinema due to fierce competition. Traditional cinema businessmen blame the COVID-19 pandemic for exacerbating cinema's collapse. Streaming services are more like websites than TV and movie theatres in terms of distribution and accessibility. Streaming platforms provide users more control over content selection and consumption, changing how they watch TV and films. This study compares OTT video provider viewing pleasure to cinema viewing satisfaction. Satisfaction is essential to understanding customer decisions and entertainment. Analysing and comparing both mediums' satisfaction levels will reveal what influences viewers' tastes and entertainment choices. This survey-based investigation was quantitative. OTT users and cinemagoers in Greater Jakarta (Jakarta-Bogor-Depok-Tangerang-Bekasi) were surveyed. June 2024's survey. This study compares OTT and cinema viewing satisfaction. 148 respondents were used in this investigation. This study sheds light on the changing dynamics between OTT video providers and traditional cinema experiences. The research will also help industry practitioners understand viewers' preferences and optimise their offers to increase satisfaction and competitiveness. This study compares OTT video providers' viewing satisfaction to cinema experiences to better understand viewers' leisure preferences. The findings will help industry players decide on content generation, distribution, and user experience improvements. This study contributes to the discussion over entertainment consumption's future and customer pleasure.
Biosemiotics: Information, Codes and Signs in Living Systems

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Preface A Brief History of Biosemiotics Code-Duality and the Semiotics of Nature Beyond Bioinformatics: Can Similarity be Measured in the Digital World? Life is Artifact-Making Genetics as a Communication Process Involving Error-Correcting Code Semiotics for Biologists Modelling Systems Theory Natural History or Natural System? Encoding the Textual Sign Biosemiotics as a Structural Science: Between the Forms of Life and the Life of Forms Meaning in Nature: Placing Biosemiotics within Pansemiotics The Physics and Metaphysics of Biosemiotics Biosemiotics as a Mode of Thermodynamics in Second Person Description Index.
Reference values of the central corneal thickness with different refractive errors for the adult Egyptian population

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background: To generate reference values of the central corneal thickness (CCT) with different refractive errors for the adult Egyptian population. Methods: A retrospective, observational, and cross-sectional study of 2200 eyes in 1166 subjects scheduled for LASIK, who came to private refractive eye center, Ismailia, Egypt. The study period was from January 2018 to January 2020. The subjects were divided into a broad range of myopia with spherical equivalent (SE) < -0.5D and hyperopia SE > +0.5D. Then, the myopic eyes divided into low (SE>-3.0D), moderate (SE-3.0D to >-6.0D), and high (SE < -6.0D). Similarly, the hyperopic eyes were divided into low (SE<+3.0 D) and moderate (SE+3.0D to <+6.0D) and high > +6.0D. The refractive error was measured by an auto-refractometer (Topcon, Tokyo Optical Co., Ltd., Japan), and CCT was measured using Sirius (CSO, Florence, Italy). Results: The data of 1100 myopic eyes in 556 subjects (30.5% males and 69.5% females) and 1100 hyperopic eyes in 610 subjects (33.6% males and 66.4% females). The mean + SD of CCT for the total myopic subjects was 531.98 + 32.92μm, range (406 to 636μm). The mean + SD of SE was -4.1±2.5D, range (-0.5 to -12.0D). The mean + SD of CCT for the total hyperopic subjects was 529±38.8μm, range (448 to 619 μm). The mean + SD of SE was +3.65 + 1.97D, range (+0.5 to +8.5D). Conclusion: In this study, the mean of CCT of the Egyptian population was 531.9 μm for myopic and 529μm for hyperopic subjects respectively. The myopic and hyperopic subjects show a reduction in CCT with age. Females have a thinner cornea than males, 23.6% of the myopic eyes, and 16.5% of the hyperopic eyes have CCT less than 500μm.
Effect of Hydroxide Concentration and Adding Ascorbic Acid on Morphology Shape of Zinc Oxide Nanostructure Prepared by Simple Chemical Precipitation Method

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

A chemical precipitation method was used to prepare zinc oxide (ZnO) nanostructure in the present of zinc nitrate and ammonium hydroxide as zinc precursor and hydroxide precursor respectively. The effect of the hydroxide concentration and the effect of adding ascorbic acid as modifier into the mixture solution on the morphology property of zinc oxide was studied. The morphology and the structural of ZnO nanostructures were investigated by field-emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) and X-ray diffractometer (XRD) techniques, respectively. The results showed that the basicity solution and adding stabilizer are important parameters on the morphology and structural properties of ZnO nanostructure. At a low hydroxide concentration, ZnO exhibited flower-like structure with short petal. With a further increase to higher concentration, ZnO crystal have more crystal directional growth. When the ascorbic acid was added, the morphology changed to particle-like structure. ZnO nanostructure with different shape might be used for specific applications such as gas sensor etc.
Gender equality during the transition to parenthood

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Few studies of marital equality have addressed the issue in a collectivist context. This grounded theory analysis examined movement toward gender equality among 12 dual-career Singaporean couples interviewed as newlyweds and interviewed again five years later when all had children. The analysis focused on the relational processes that reproduced gender patterns and those that undid them. Whether or not parenting was shared depended on four factors: (a) mutual prioritization of women’s careers; (b) fathers' willingness to restructure to actively engage in parenting; (c) conscious discussion of how to share parenting responsibility; and (d) availability of external support. Results suggest that to the extent that parenting is viewed as a shared family responsibility, the processes of gender equality may be somewhat different in collectivist contexts.
Complex visual hallucinations associated with deficits in vision : the Charles Bonnet Syndrome

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The Charles Bonnet syndrome is characterized by complex visual hallucinations in people without psychopathology or disturbance of normal consciousness. This thesis highlights the association of visual deficits with the syndrome, and proposes that it is analogous to the perception of phantom limbs; both conditions arise when normal sensory input to the brain is severely reduced. The five studies that comprise this thesis systematically gather information on the syndrome to answer three basic questions: how can the hallucinations be classified, what are the clinical implications for individuals who experience them, and what might cause the hallucinations. Study 1 examines 64 cases described in the literature. Demographic information on the hallucinators, properties of the hallucinations, initiating factors, as well as etiological mechanisms are reviewed. Study 2 examines the properties of the hallucinations in a sample of 60 subjects and reveals, by statistical analysis, a dimension of the hallucinatory experience that ranges from discrete, singular perceptual experiences to multiple changing experiences. Studies 3 and 4 examine the mental status of hallucinators score within the normal range on tests of anxiety, depression, and psychological symptomology and exhibit no evidence of gross cognitive impairment. A detailed analysis of results show that a small proportion of hallucinators score within the normal range on tests of anxiety, depression, and psychological symptomology and exhibit no evidence of gross cognitive impairment. A detailed analysis of results show that a small proportion of hallucinators endorse comparatively more symptom-oriented items than the remainder of hallucinators, as well as more items non-hallucinators (in Study 4). Finally, Study 5 examines the performance of two hallucinating groups as well as a group of visually impaired non-hallucinating on threshold estimation and signal detection tasks. The results of the combined studies indicate