jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
STORYTELLING AND MEANING RECONSTRUCTION: A METAPHORICAL PERSPECTIVE

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Storytelling consists of an interaction between a narrator and a listener, both of whom assign meaning to the story as a whole and its component parts. The meaning assigned to the narrative changes over time under the influence of the recipientâ€Ÿs changing precepts and perceptions which seem to be simplistic in infancy and more nuanced with age. It becomes more philosophical in that themes touching on the more profound questions of human existence tend to become more prominently discernible as the subject moves into the more reflective or summative phases of his or her existence. The aim of this article is to demonstrate the metaphorical character of a story, as reflected in changing patterns of meaning assigned to the narrative in the course of the subjective receiverâ€Ÿs passage through the various stages of life. This was done by analysing meaning, from a particular storytelling session, at different stages of a listenerâ€Ÿs personal development. Meaning starts as literal and evolves through re-interpretation to abstract and deeper levels towards application in real life.
Objectives Should Dictate Methods in Managing Stream Habitat for Fish

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Objectives are desired future results of management. Effective planning of stream habitat management begins with broad, long-term objectives, such as 'good fishing' and 'health of stream and riparian ecosystems,' which provide indefinite but fundamental guidance. Following from these is a continuum of intermediate and specific objectives, which are subordinate and contribute to attainment of the broad objectives. In habitat management, as in other fields, losing sight of (or never developing) broad objectives is common, often because of overorientation toward methods. Selection of methods should derive from objectives, not the other way around. Specific objectives, hence methods, while being consistent with broad objectives, should also be based on the fundamentals of ecology and physical science, on needs of the target species and of the ecosystem's full biotic community, on character of the specific stream and riparian area, and on values held by fishers. Fish abundance, angler satisfaction, and ecosystem health can probably be maximized and balanced with each other by promoting the physical and biological features and processes that occur and operate most often in nature - the stream attributes to which fish are adapted. As programs progress, objectives and methods can be improved. Objectives should be limited in number and mutually compatible, but a full range of objectives helps prioritize management phases and keeps managers aware of related parts of larger ecosystems; it is important to protect and restore floodplains and riparian zones before working on the channel. Channel stabilization is an objective that may often have been carried too far.
The Figure of Speech Analysis of Jane Austen Novel "Pride and Prejudice"

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This study investigates the figures of speech used in JaneAusten‟s novel „Pride and Prejudice and the messages implied on them.The subject is Jane Austen‟s novel „Pride and Prejudice.‟ The data werecollected through several steps; reading, translating, and grouping. Theresults show that there are five figures of speech namely; Metaphor,Hyperbole, Irony, Sarcasm, and Personification found in Jane Austen‟snovel „Pride and Prejudice.‟
Income-related differences in private doctor visits in Finland, 2005 and 2011

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Background

According to OECD comparisons, Finland is among the most unequal countries in terms of doctor visits. One reason behind this is that while universal public services are not always easily accessible, private services, partly reimbursed from the social insurance system (22% of costs in 2012), can be used by those who can trade off high co-payments for rapid access to care. However, not much is known on use of private care by socioeconomic groups. The aim of this study is to find out how private …
Participatory mapping for community empowerment

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper attempts to show how participatory mapping practices can contribute to local water resource management for community empowerment. The river bank communities such as Chapra encounter exclusion because of geographic aspects of local water development projects. To understand this exclusion, this paper focuses on the research question; why did the Ganges-Kobodak and the Gorai River Restoration Projects cover some parts of Chapra and ignore others? This question is addressed here by using participatory mapping based on qualitative and quantitative data analyses in coordination with cartographic knowledge. For these data, I use my Ph.D. fieldwork experiences in 2011–2012 on the Gorai River bank communities at Chapra in Bangladesh. My data analyses found that the projects' boundary selection follows the top-down approach that includes some specific geographic areas and excludes others based on specific interests. To understand the effects of this approach on Chapra communities and to promote community participation, this paper is divided into three major sections: participatory mapping in the context of my fieldwork site, bottom-up mapping approach as foundation for community inclusion, and participatory mapping for community empowerment: local development and resource conservation. These sections will be helpful for responding the above research question and for developing better understanding about community empowerment by participatory mapping approach.
iSRAP – a one‐touch research tool for rapid profiling of small RNA‐seq data

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Small non‐coding RNAs have been significantly recognized as the key modulators in many biological processes, and are emerging as promising biomarkers for several diseases. These RNA species are transcribed in cells and can be packaged in extracellular vesicles, which are small vesicles released from many biotypes, and are involved in intercellular communication. Currently, the advent of next‐generation sequencing (NGS) technology for high‐throughput profiling has further advanced the biological insights of non‐coding RNA on a genome‐wide scale and has become the preferred approach for the discovery and quantification of non‐coding RNA species. Despite the routine practice of NGS, the processing of large data sets poses difficulty for analysis before conducting downstream experiments. Often, the current analysis tools are designed for specific RNA species, such as microRNA, and are limited in flexibility for modifying parameters for optimization. An analysis tool that allows for maximum control of different software is essential for drawing concrete conclusions for differentially expressed transcripts. Here, we developed a one‐touch integrated small RNA analysis pipeline (iSRAP) research tool that is composed of widely used tools for rapid profiling of small RNAs. The performance test of iSRAP using publicly and in‐house available data sets shows its ability of comprehensive profiling of small RNAs of various classes, and analysis of differentially expressed small RNAs. iSRAP offers comprehensive analysis of small RNA sequencing data that leverage informed decisions on the downstream analyses of small RNA studies, including extracellular vesicles such as exosomes.
Software design and implementation using the Real-Time Object-Oriented Modeling Language

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The Real-Time Object-Oriented Modeling (ROOM) language (Selic et al., 1994) is of growing interest in the software engineering field because a ROOM toolset, ObjecTime (R), is now available. This toolset allows developers to create a graphic representation of the design of a system on a workstation and to then execute a discrete event simulation of the system. ROOM is promoted as a method ideally suited to the design of systems with one or more of the characteristics of timeliness, dynamic internal structure, reactiveness, concurrency and distribution. Computing Devices Canada has used the ROOM language to implement a telephone subsystem and a radio access subsystem as part of the MESHnet product line. Both subsystems exhibit four of the above characteristics. This paper describes our experiences using ROOM for these applications.
The atypical codon usage of the plant psbA gene may be the remnant of an ancestral bias

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The psbA gene of the chloroplast genome has a codon usage that is unusual for plant chloroplast genes. In the present study the evolutionary status of this codon usage is tested by reconstructing putative ancestral psbA sequences to determine the pattern of change in codon bias during angiosperm divergence. It is shown that the codon biases of the ancestral genes are much stronger than all extant flowering plant psbA genes. This is related to previous work that demonstrated a significant increase in synonymous substitution in psbA relative to other chloroplast genes. It is suggested, based on the two lines of evidence, that the codon bias of this gene currently is not being maintained by selection. Rather, the atypical codon bias simply may be a remnant of an ancestral codon bias that now is being degraded by the mutation bias of the chloroplast genome, in other words, that the psbA gene is not at equilibrium. A model for the evolution of selective pressure on the codon usage of plant chloroplast genes is discussed.
Noninvasive Brain Stimulation of the Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex During Aesthetic Appreciation

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract Several neuroimaging studies had shown that activity in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (lDLPFC) was associated with aesthetic appreciation. But, was this a causal association? In the article under discussion, the authors used transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to determine whether lDLPFC activity actually caused increased aesthetic appreciation. Their results showed that tDCS over lDLPFC caused liking for artworks and photographs to increase. They therefore concluded that the lDLPFC plays a causal role in visual aesthetic appreciation. The authors suggested that lDLPFC activity contributes to disengaging from a pragmatic orientation to stimuli, consisting mainly in identifying objects, adopting an aesthetic orientation, and focusing on those objects’ aesthetic qualities.
In vitro evaluation of the Antimicrobial Activity of four resin based Endodontic Sealers on three bacterial species

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Aim: The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the antimicrobial action of fourresin based endodontic sealers after 24 hrs.Materials and Method: The freshly mixed sealers were AH26, AH-plus, Epiphanyand Topseal. They were prepared according to manufacturer’s instruction andplaced in prepared wells of 40 agar plates inoculated with Streptococcus viridans,Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis. (10 samples for eachmicroorganism). Four cavities, each one measuring 5 ml in diameter and 4 ml indepth, were made in each agar plate using cork poorer. Agar diffusion method onMuller Hinton agar was employed, and zones of inhibition were measured after1day.Results: AH26 containing proved to be the most effective against all microorganismstested. This was followed by Epiphany. Topseal which showed antibacterialactivity on all tested microorganisms slightly higher than that of AH-Plus whichshowed the least action on all tested microorganisms.Conclusion: All the sealers evaluated in this study showed different inhibitory effectagainst all bacterial strains.
In Response to “Matching 25% of Medical Students Into Family Medicine by 2030: Realistic or Beyond Our Reach?”

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

We were pleased to see the recent article "Matching 25% of Medical Students into Family Medicine by 2030: Realistic or Beyond Our Reach?" 1 We think this goal is realistic.If we want to make the 25 by 2030 a reality, it is important for medical schools to examine their application and acceptance processes.The University of Washington School of Medicine (UWSOM) Targeted Rural and Underserved Track (TRUST) program has a separate admissions process from the rest of UWSOM.TRUST graduates match into family medicine (FM) at a rate of 25%. 2 We further found that students who applied to and participated in the program, as well as students who applied to and were not accepted into the program all matched in FM at the same rate.Implementing a selection process for students who have rural ties, have a stated interest in FM, 3 and who state they do not have an interest in specialty or academic medicine could go a long way to meeting the 25 x 2030 goal.We acknowledge the challenges identified by Dr David et al.Health care coverage, physician payment, and the overall health system is often misaligned with the core values of FM.We can, however, admit applicants with strong stated interest in FM and rural ties and support their interests during medical school with creative curricula and top-notch faculty and staff to achieve the 25 x 2030 goal.The health care system needs improvement, but so do medical school admissions processes.Medical schools can take action today to meet the health care needs of the public.
Calculation of the shape of the mass peaks of hyperboloid mass spectrometers with one-dimensional unipolar sorting of the ions

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The properties of the particular solutions of the Hill equation are used to obtain expressions for the envelopes of charged-particle trajectories in a hyperboloid analyzer with ion sorting along one coordinate in its positive range. Analytical relations for calculating the shape of the mass peaks are obtained on the basis of these expressions. The results of analytical calculations are compared with a computer simulation. The parameters for calculating the sensitivity and resolution of the one-dimensional analyzer are determined according to the mass peaks.
Trade Policy Flexibility and Enforcement in the WTO

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The World Trade Organization (WTO) is an incomplete contract among sovereign countries. Trade policy flexibility mechanisms are designed to deal with contractual gaps, which are the inevitable consequence of this contractual incompleteness. Trade policy flexibility mechanisms are backed up by enforcement instruments which allow for punishment of illegal extra-contractual conduct. This book offers a legal and economic analysis of contractual escape and punishment in the WTO. It assesses the interrelation between contractual incompleteness, trade policy flexibility mechanisms, contract enforcement, and WTO Members' willingness to co-operate and to commit to trade liberalization. It contributes to the body of WTO scholarship by providing a systematic assessment of the weaknesses of the current regime of escape and punishment in the WTO, and the systemic implications that these weaknesses have for the international trading system, before offering a reform agenda that is concrete, politically realistic, and systemically viable.
Evaluation of Total Phenolic Content, Total Antioxidant Activity, and Antioxidant Vitamin Composition of Pomegranate Seed and Juice

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This study aimed to determine total phenolic content (TPC), total antioxidant activity (TAA), antioxidant vitamin composition (A, C, and E) of pomegranate fruit. In addition, two edible parts of pomegranate juice, pomegranate seed, and combination of them were compared based on antioxidant properties. TPC was determined by using Folin-Ciocalteu (FC) method based on colorimetric reduction. Ferric reduction ability power (FRAP assay) was used to test the antioxidant activity. Vitamin assessments were conducted by using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Results for antioxidant vitamin composition in pomegranate juice (PJ) showed that the concentration of vitamin A was 22.8 ± 0.69 µg/100 g, vitamin C was 57.8 ± 0.59 mg/100 g, and vitamin E was 0.07 ± 0.01 mg/100 g. Besides, TPC in PJ, pomegranate seed (PS), and pomegranate seed-juice (PSJ) was 2502 ± 54, 165 ± 49, and 2696 ± 49 mg GAE/L, and TAA was 32 ± 5.1, 20 ± 2.8, and 47 ± 5.5 mmol/L respectively. This study revealed that PSJ contained high level of phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity, and vitamin C. In addition, TPC was as main contributor to antioxidant activities, and positively correlated with TAA (r2 = 0.91, p<0.05). Therefore, combination of pomegranate seed and juice may become an alternative and potential source of natural antioxidant.
An Application of Self-Regulated Learning Theory in Assessing Effect of ICT Mediated Academic Communication amongst Federal University Dutse Undergraduate Students

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The ubiquitous ICTs have extended platforms of social connection and human interaction in an unprecedented manner. Hence, providing learning scaffolds for Self-Regulatory Learning among students of institutions. This research analysed use of social media as a learning scaffold and relate the cyclic self-regulatory phases of social cognitive theory as it applies to social media usage and its influence in facilitating academic communication and ultimate academic achievement among undergraduate students of the Federal University Dutse. The result revealed that the most utilized social media among the students are whatsapp as first for academic related communication and Facebook as second. Analysis of the construct of cyclic phase of SRL showed strong correlation among the SRL phases thereby revealing a strong relationship between the constructs which means that if the students have developed learning strategies in the forethought phase they will seamlessly flow through performance and self-evaluation phases, thereby achieving their learning objectives and ultimately impacting on their overall academic performance. Implication is that if the students are made conscious of social medias’ contributions potentials to their academics, they would effectively utilise it for learning alongside their social interaction. A close guidance, mentoring and monitoring are thus recommended by lecturers and or appointed active motivated students to steer activities within social media especially the classes whatsapp groups.
Oecophylla smaragdinaants provide pest control in Australian cacao

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Ecosystem service‐driven methods of agricultural production that make optimal use of an ecosystem's natural services are often effective in smallholder crops, leading increases in habitat heterogeneity at large spatial scales that encourage beneficial species. Pollination services in cacao farms can be enhanced through efforts to conserve pollinator habitats, such as adding cacao fruit husks underneath trees to provide habitat and food resources for midge pollinators. However, it remains unclear how this habitat manipulation affects pest densities or biological control. Here, we evaluated the effects of the predaceous ant Oecophylla smaragdina on three major pests of Australian cacao ( Helopeltis spp., Amblypelta spp., and Rhyparida nitida ) in an Australian cacao farm, in the presence and absence of cacao fruit husks. We also evaluated the effect of O. smaragdina on their potentially plant‐damaging, mutualistic mealybug (Pseudococcidae) partners in the presence and absence of cacao fruit husks. Oecophylla smaragdina reduced the combined densities of Helopeltis spp. and Amblypelta spp., regardless of cacao fruit husk addition. The ants also reduced the densities of R. nitida in the absence of cacao fruit husks, but R. nitida densities were naturally low in the experimental plots that received the addition of cacao fruit husks, regardless of ant presence. In contrast, ants generally increased the densities of mealybugs. These data suggest that O. smaragdina ants provide pest control services for three major insect pests in Australian cacao farms. Furthermore, this control may be compatible with habitat manipulations ( i.e ., the addition of cacao fruit husks) to improve pollinator habitat.
Splinter Protection for Airbase Firefighting Resources

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract : Firefighting resources, including consumables and vehicles, assigned to airbase fire departments in Europe and the Pacific are dispersed according to a predetermined plan before attack. Dispersal locations depend on availability of space in aircraft shelters and other protected areas designed and constructed for the protection of other resources; therefore, fire departments must compete for protected space. When an attack occurs, space may not be available or what is available may not satisfy the needs of the fire departments. A series of concepts was considered for possible use as splinter protection for the firefighting resources. These concepts were evaluated and two designs were developed to protect the resources to minimize damage from an attack. Two selected concepts were both earth-bermed structures. One structure was constructed from a corrugated steel culvert structure with a concrete floor and the other consisted of a reinforced concrete steel culvert structure with a concrete floor and the other consisted of reinforced concrete (shotcrete) arch. A suggested test plan is included for field testing the selected structure to verify the hardness of the prototype structure and address the constructibility of the concept. Keywords: Splinter Protection, Protective Construction, Hardened Construction, Shotcrete, Corrugated Steel Pipe, Conventional Weapons.
Mapping the Vineyard: Main Lines of Investigation Regarding the Parable of the Tenants in the Synoptics andThomas

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The Parable of the Tenants (Mk 12.1-12; Mt. 21.33-45; Lk. 20.9-19; GThom 65–66) is one of the most debated of all the parables ascribed to Jesus. Situated at the intersection of a host of important issues in Gospels scholarship—ranging from the synoptic problem, to the use of the OT in the NT, to the historical Jesus—it has generated a seemingly overwhelming quantity of secondary research in recent decades. This article aims to help orient scholars to the main areas of research on the parable, focusing specifically on six topics: narrative outline, formative influences (social-historical setting and intertextuality), source-critical hypotheses, symbolic/metaphorical correspondences of the narrative elements, authenticity and the ‘original’ version, and broad lines of interpretation. The conclusion offers reflections on what the substantial research on the parable can tell us about parable interpretation in general.