jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
SUPERIOR RECTUS MUSCLE PARESIS WITH THYROID DYSFUNCTION

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

To the Editor:

Dr. Jack Goldstein's recent paper (Arch Ophthal72:5-8 [July] 1964) calls our attention to the interesting clinical observation of isolated paresis of the superior rectus muscle in association with dysfunction of the thyroid. Although he indicates that, "In some situations a forced duction test may be useful," in none of the four cases reported is the result of such a maneuver noted. While I do not doubt the validity of the clinical observations made, I must confess that I would feel more secure in the diagnosis of at least some of these cases had the forced duction test been performed. To speculate for a moment, it seems plausible to me that the inferior rectus may become selectively involved by the infiltrative process seen in dysthyroidism because of its location in the lowest part of the orbit. Because the infiltrated and/or fibrotic inferior rectus cannot relax adequately on
Circulating Tumor DNA — Ready for Prime Time?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Multiple aspects of the management of metastatic breast cancer need improvement. Patients are anxious about their risk of recurrence and are disappointed at the lack of reliable tests for the early detection of recurrence, even though there are no data to suggest that detection of asymptomatic recurrences a few weeks or months earlier is of any benefit. It seems reasonable that identifying resistance to a new therapy and progression of disease at the earliest moment would avoid needless toxic effects of therapies doomed to fail and would permit earlier initiation of other potential therapies. Finally, the means of estimating overall . . .
Poly(norepinephrine): Ultrasmooth Material‐Independent Surface Chemistry and Nanodepot for Nitric Oxide

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Capture and release: The material-independent surface chemistry of a poly(norepinephrine) (pNE) which exhibits perfect smoothness at the nanometer scale is controlled by 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde-norepinephrine (DHBA-NE) conjugates. The pNE layer containing DHBA-NE serves to store and release small therapeutics such as nitric oxide. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Positioning and Contour Extraction of Autonomous Vehicles Based on Enhanced DOA Estimation by Large-Scale Arrays

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

As an important branch of Internet of Vehicles (IoV) systems, autonomous vehicle (AV) positioning based on direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation has received extensive attention in recent years. In this article, an AV positioning method under unknown mutual coupling is proposed within the framework of a large-dimensional asymptotic theory (LAT). First, enhanced and closed-form DOA estimation is achieved by jointly exploiting large-scale uniform linear arrays (ULAs), Toeplitz rectification and the phase transformation result associated with the sample covariance matrix; second, a more reliable subset/set of DOAs is constructed according to the signal-to-noise at receivers; finally, robust AV positioning is achieved with the reliable subset/set. Motivated by satisfactory DOA estimation performance, an AV contour extraction scheme is developed with the aid of two antennas installed on an AV. The proposed method shows several salient advantages compared with existing methods, including improved resolution and accuracy, reduced computational complexity, robustness to mutual coupling and unreasonable DOA estimates, as well as the ability to effectively extract AV contour information.
Evaluación de la citotoxicidad, genotoxicidad y toxicidad subcrónica de diésteres p-metoxicinámicos extraídos de Copernicia prunifera (Miller) H. E. Moore en modelo experimental

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

P-methoxycinnamic diesters from carnauba wax powder (PCO - C) – cinnamic acid derivate – have been associated with new properties such as hypolipidemic, hypocholesterolemic and hypoglycaemic effects in mice. The present study aimed to investigate the safety profile of PCO - C by evaluating the subchronic oral toxicity, genotoxicity and mutagenicity using in vivo experimental models. Therefore, for the present research, characterized as experimental and of a quantitative nature, 80 Swiss mice, of both genders, were used for the analysis of mutagenicity, genotoxicity, analysis of the biochemical, hematological and toxicological profiles. PCO - C did not induce changes in the mass of animals besides not interfering in blood parameters. PCO - C showed no hemolysis of mouse erythrocytes. PCO - C caused no mutagenic or genotoxic effects in male and female mice treated with 500 mg/Kg/day during 90 days. In addition, PCO - C did not change some important serum parameters (alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, total cholesterol and creatinine), hematological profile, structural arrangement of the kidneys, heart, stomach and spleen. The results demonstrate that PCO - C is not genotoxic, and did not present toxicity when used orally for up to 90 days. Overall, the study has demonstrated the safety of PCO - C for potential uses in biomedical areas.
the OR: A Boom for Surgical Intervention

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Additional informationNotes on contributorsKenneth F. AdamecThe AuthorMr. Adamec is assistant director, St. Barnabas Hospital for Chronic Diseases, New York City. He was graduated from Bucknell University with a B.S. degree in commerce and finance, and later obtained a master's degree in hospital administration from Columbia University. After serving his administrative residency at St. Barnabas Hospital, he was appointed administrative assistant in 1958, and served in that position until a few months ago, when he was named assistant director.
DO ADVERSE CHILDHOOD EXPERIENCES IMPACT PARENTING SKILLS, LIFE SATISFACTION, AND RESILIENT COPING SKILLS: A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY OF HISPANIC PARENTS IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

ABSTRACT\nAdverse Childhood Experiences, or ACES, are traumatic events that happen from ages 0-18. ACEs have been linked to physical and emotional issues in adulthood. Some issues include chronic disease, struggles with mental health, and the adoption of maladaptive coping skills. This research sought to assess the impact of Adverse Childhood Experiences in parenting skills, overall life satisfaction, and the use of resilient coping skills on Hispanic parents residing in Southern California. The study utilizes an online survey to gather numerical data on the impact of ACES in the areas of life mentioned above. A bivariate analysis was used to analyze if there is a correlation between ACEs, parenting skills, life satisfaction, and the use of resilient coping strategies. The results of this study showed there is no significant relationship between ACEs and the factors listed above. However, there were several limitations to the study. The research findings provide the invitation for further research and evaluation of the impact of traumatic experiences in childhood, or ACEs, for social work professionals interested in early intervention and prevention services.
Andean Spanish

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The Americas – North, Central, and South America – were initially populated, as far as we know, around or before 11,000 BCE by way of the Bering Strait and Alaska. Although between then and now some contact may have taken place between South America and Polynesia, and the Norse did reach North America prior to 1492, such contacts had no major impact on the societies that developed in the Americas. The ‘collision’ between the Old World and the New, as Diamond (1999:67) expresses it, began in 1492 with Columbus' ‘discovery’ of the densely populated Caribbean Islands. Diamond speaks of proximate and immediate causes for the relatively rapid colonization of the New World by Europeans. In essence, it can be said that disease, superior weaponry, and the literate culture of the Europeans played decisive roles in the rapid colonization of South America by the Spanish. Regarding disease, Diamond (ibid.:67–81) notes that the Spaniards had been exposed to many diseases from their centuries-long close proximity to domesticated animals. They had thus developed immunity to diseases which had become endemic among them; the indigenous populations, on the other hand, had had no exposure to these diseases and so were decimated in the first New World–European encounter. As for weaponry, the Incas' clubs, maces, and hand axes (made of stone, bronze, and wood), as well as their slingshots and quilted armour, were no match for the Spanish horses, guns, steel swords, and steel armour. Finally, although Francisco Pizarro, the conqueror of the Inca Empire and founder of Lima, Peru, was illiterate, he had a wealth of information at his disposal from written history, including written accounts of how Cortés defeated Montezuma in what is now Mexico.
Modulation of p210BCR-ABL activity in transduced primary human hematopoietic cells controls lineage programming

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Retroviral transduction of primary hematopoietic cells with human oncogenes provides a powerful approach to investigating the molecular mechanisms controlling the normal proliferation and differentiation of these cells. Here we show that primitive human CD34+ cord blood cells, including multipotent as well as granulopoietic- and erythroid-restricted progenitors, can be efficiently transduced with a MSCV-BCR-ABL-IRES-GFP retrovirus, resulting in the sustained expression by their progeny of very high levels of tyrosine phosphorylated p210BCR-ABL. Interestingly, even in the presence of growth factors that supported the exclusive production of granulopoietic cells from green fluorescent protein (GFP)–transduced control cells, BCR-ABL–transduced progenitor subpopulations generated large numbers of erythropoietin-independent terminally differentiating erythroid cells and reduced numbers of granulopoietic cells. Analyses of individual clones generated by single transduced cells in both semisolid and liquid cultures showed this BCR-ABL–induced erythroid differentiation response to be elicited at a high frequency from all types of transduced CD34+ cells independent of their apparent prior lineage commitment status. Additional experiments showed that this erythroid differentiation response was largely prevented when the cells were transduced and maintained in the presence of the BCR-ABL–specific tyrosine kinase inhibitor, STI-571. These findings indicate that overexpression of BCR-ABL in primary human hematopoietic cells can activate an erythroid differentiation program in apparently granulopoietic-restricted cells through a BCR-ABL kinase-dependent mechanism, thus providing a new molecular tool for elucidating mechanisms underlying lineage fate determination in human hematopoietic cells and infidelity in human leukemia.
Image_3_Effect of Multiple-Nutrient Supplement on Muscle Damage, Liver, and Kidney Function After Exercising Under Heat: Based on a Pilot Study and a Randomised Controlled Trial.tif

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<p>Objective: This study explored the effect of multiple-nutrient supplementation on muscle damage and liver and kidney function after vigorous exercise under heat.</p><p>Methods: After an initial pilot trial comprising 89 male participants, 85 participants were recruited and assigned into three groups: a multiple-nutrient (M) group, a glucose (G) group, and a water (W) group. Multiple-nutrient supplements contain glucose, fructose, maltose, sodium, potassium, vitamin B<sub>1</sub>, vitamin B<sub>2</sub>, vitamin C, vitamin K, and taurine. Participants were organised to take a 3-km running test (wet-bulb globe temperature 32°C) after a short-term (7 days) supplement. Blood samples were obtained to detect biochemical parameters [glucose (GLU), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), uric acid (UA), creatinine (Cr), creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and lactic acid], inflammation factors [interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)], and oxidative stress biomarkers [superoxide dismutase (SOD) and 8-iso-prostaglandin F (2alpha) (8-iso-PGF2α)].</p><p>Results: In the pilot trial, BUN decreased significantly in the M and G groups immediately after the running test. AST, Cr, and UA were significantly reduced 24 h after the running test with single-shot multiple-nutrient supplementation. In the short-term trial, multiple nutrients further prevented the elevation of CK (p = 0.045) and LDH (p = 0.033) levels 24 h after strenuous exercise. Moreover, we found that multiple nutrients significantly reduced IL-6 (p = 0.001) and TNF-α (p = 0.015) elevation immediately after exercise. Simultaneously, SOD elevation was significantly higher in the M group immediately after exercising than in the other two groups (p = 0.033). 8-iso-PGF2α was reduced in the M group 24 h after exercise (p = 0.036).</p><p>Conclusions: This study found that multiple-nutrient supplementation promoted the recovery of muscle damage and decreased liver and kidney function caused by strenuous exercise in a hot environment, probably through the inhibition of secondary damage induced by increased inflammatory reactions and oxidative stress. In this respect, the current study has important implications for the strategy of nutritional support to accelerate recovery and potentially prevent heat-related illness. This study was prospectively registered on clinicaltrials.gov on June 21, 2019 (ID: ChiCTR1900023988).</p>
Temporal Variations in Nutrient Fluxes in Agricultural Drains and Ditches

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

To quantify nutrients discharged from agricultural fields under different manure application practices, six field stations were installed to automatically sample water and remotely monitor flow and temperature in agricultural tile drains and ditches. Each station included a datalogger, RF radio, automated sampler, and flow sensor, with some remote stations powered by solar panels. A novel sampling methodology, tested at two of the stations, used real-time volumetric flow data as input to a hydrograph model encoded in the datalogger to generate hydrograph-specific sampling schemes for sampling at different flow-proportional frequencies. This unique sampling methodology produced high-resolution data independent of the hydrograph size, providing additional insight into how environmental processes influence the quality and quantity of flow from an agroecosystem on an event-by-event basis. An initial assessment of the results suggests that the relative importance of environmental controls on the transport of nitrogen and phosphorus exhibits high temporal variability.
A Novel Data Augmentation Strategy for Robust Deep Learning Classification of Biomedical Time-Series Data: Application to ECG and EEG Analysis

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The increasing need for accurate and unified analysis of diverse biological signals, such as ECG and EEG, is paramount for comprehensive patient assessment, especially in synchronous monitoring. Despite advances in multi-sensor fusion, a critical gap remains in developing unified architectures that effectively process and extract features from fundamentally different physiological signals. Another challenge is the inherent class imbalance in many biomedical datasets, often causing biased performance in traditional methods. This study addresses these issues by proposing a novel and unified deep learning framework that achieves state-of-the-art performance across different signal types. Our method integrates a ResNet-based CNN with an attention mechanism, enhanced by a novel data augmentation strategy: time-domain concatenation of multiple augmented variants of each signal to generate richer representations. Unlike prior work, we scientifically increase signal complexity to achieve future-reaching capabilities, which resulted in the best predictions compared to the state of the art. Preprocessing steps included wavelet denoising, baseline removal, and standardization. Class imbalance was effectively managed through the combined use of this advanced data augmentation and the Focal Loss function. Regularization techniques were applied during training to ensure generalization. We rigorously evaluated the proposed architecture on three benchmark datasets: UCI Seizure EEG, MIT-BIH Arrhythmia, and PTB Diagnostic ECG. It achieved accuracies of 99.96%, 99.78%, and 100%, respectively, demonstrating robustness across diverse signal types and clinical contexts. Finally, the architecture requires ~130 MB of memory and processes each sample in ~10 ms, suggesting suitability for deployment on low-end or wearable devices.
In Vitro Analysis of PMEPA1 Upregulation in Mesenchymal Stem Cells Induced by Prostate Cancer Cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Isoforms of prostate transmembrane protein, androgen induced 1 (PMEPA1), are regulated either by TGF-beta or AR activation and provide negative loop-regulation of these signaling pathways. High levels of PMEPA1 protein have been observed in various tumor types, including prostate, bladder, colorectal cancers, and glioblastoma. Direct oncogenic role of PMEPA1 in hepatocellular carcinoma has been recently shown on an animal model. New studies also indicate an upregulation of PMEPA1 in tumor-associated immune and stromal cells; however, its specific role in tumor stromal cells remains largely unexplored. In our previous research, we developed a cancer-stroma sphere (CSS) model that integrates tumor cells with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Evaluations of chemotherapy and CAR-T therapies on CSSs have demonstrated that this model closely mimics in vivo data regarding cytotoxicity and adverse effects of therapy. In the present study, we reveal that PMEPA1 is significantly overexpressed in MSCs within the CSS. Moreover, this overexpression has been induced under short-term co-culture conditions. Among the five isoforms of PMEPA1, PMEPA1a and PMEPA1b isoforms have been detected in MSCs. These findings underscore the potential role of PMEPA1 in the tumor microenvironment modulation by MSCs.
Eggs of a Eusial Aphid’s Predator are Protected Against Attacks by Aphid Soldiers

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Predators generally have traits that enable them to efficiently capture their prey and thus improve their survival. Natural selection should also favor traits of predators that improve the survival rate of their eggs, which are immobile and incapable of active resistance. We hypothesized that eggs of Atkinsonia ignipicta, a specialist predator of the eusocial aphid Ceratovacuna japonica, exhibit a defensive trait against aphid soldiers. We found that the hatchability of A. ignipicta eggs did not differ significantly between the experimental treatments with and without soldiers, which suggests that the eggs have a defensive trait that protects them from soldier aphids. Moreover, although the soldiers occasionally exhibited attack behavior when they encountered an egg, they did not continue the attack. We have observed a similar interruption of attack behavior by soldiers that attacked their aphid siblings by mistake, suggesting that the eggs may chemically mimic the soldiers' siblings. This study thus provides evidence for adaptation in a specialist predator of a eusocial aphid.
Successful outcomes of intracytoplasmic sperm injection–embryo transfer using ejaculated spermatozoa from two Chinese asthenoteratozoospermic brothers with a compound heterozygous FSIP2 mutation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Multiple morphological abnormalities of the sperm flagella (MMAF) is a characteristic form of severe asthenozoospermia and closely related to male infertility. However, it is not sure whether intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) allows MMAF patients reproductive success. The present study reported the first case of successful intracytoplasmic sperm injection-embryo transfer (ICSI-ET) in Chinese brothers with a novel compound heterozygous mutation of FSIP2 (fibrous sheath interacting protein 2), a newly identified MMAF-related genes. The proband and his brother were referred for MMAF because of their abnormal sperm flagellum. Through whole-exome sequencing in the genetic analyses of the proband, his brother and parents showed that the proband and his brother carry a novel compound heterozygous FSIP2 mutation (c.1750T>A and c.13600A>G), which will lead to abnormal expression of FSIP2 and loss of its function. Considering that these brothers had the MMAF phenotype, we recommended ICSI treatment. The successful outcome of ICSI indicated that a lose-function mutation of FSIP2 might not have any effect on ICSI, although the latest report showed a failed outcome of ICSI in a patient with FSIP2 mutation. This study provides new knowledge to understand the effect of MMAF caused by FSIP2 mutation on ICSI outcome.
Sociodemographic and sexual variables associated with knowledge about human immunodeficiency virus transmission

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objective: to analyze the association between sociodemographic and sexual variables of women in a context of vulnerability and their knowledge about the ways of HIV transmission. Methods: cross-sectional, analytical, and exploratory study conducted in a Primary Health Care Unit, with 221 women. The collection occurred with instruments containing sociodemographic, gynecological, and obstetric, sexual data and measurement of knowledge about HIV. Results: knowledge about the ways of HIV transmission was associated with age and education of the interviewees. Conclusion: the high prevalence of inadequate knowledge about HIV was explained by the younger age group of women, while the reduction of this outcome was seen in those with higher education. Contributions to practice: the data presented can subsidize new approaches and care practices in the field of sexual and reproductive health from the proposed analysis, aiming to raise awareness about testing, timely treatment and breaking the chain of transmission.