jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
19.1 ET-1 peptide levels and endothelin converting enzyme-1 gene expression in cardiac surgical patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This study addressed the question how different lipoproteins modulate the expression of endothelin-converting enzyme-1 (ECE-1) in human endothelial cells. The effect of native and oxidized low-density lipoproteins (nLDL, oxLDL) on expression of ECE-1, prepro-endothelin-1, and endothelin-1 peptide was studied in primary cultures of human endothelial cells. Native and oxidized LDL increased ECE-1 mRNA after 1 h, reaching its maximum at 100 μg/ml (1.9- and 2.5-fold, respectively). Furthermore, ECE-1 protein expression, prepro-endothelin-1 mRNA, and endothelin-1 peptide release were increased in response to nLDL or oxLDL. Induction of ECE-1 by nLDL and of prepro-endothelin-1 by oxLDL was reduced by protein kinase C inhibition. Increased expression of ECE-1 mRNA by oxLDL and of prepro-endothelin-1 by nLDL was blocked by an angiotensin II receptor type 1 antagonist. Our data provide evidence for a new mechanism how increased LDL plasma levels might contribute to enhanced endothelin-1 release in patients with hypercholesterolemia.
Infrared photochemistry of specifically deuterated bicyclopropyl. A direct test of statistical unimolecular rate theory applied to branching ratios in multiphoton dissociation

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInfrared photochemistry of specifically deuterated bicyclopropyl. A direct test of statistical unimolecular rate theory applied to branching ratios in multiphoton dissociationWilliam E. Farneth and Marcus W. ThomsenCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1983, 87, 17, 3207–3212Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100240a010https://doi.org/10.1021/j100240a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views31Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Diagnostic and Treatment Guidelines for Helicobacter pylori

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) has been implicated as the causative agent for most gastric and duodenal ulcers. Many patients who present to their primary care provider with dyspeptic symptoms have heard of this "stomach bacteria" and ask if they should be tested and treated for the infection. Prior to diagnosing the presence of the organism, it is essential to determine whether it is likely to be responsible for patients' symptoms. Most patients with ulcer-like symptoms do not have peptic ulcer disease. Moreover, the background prevalence of H. pylori may be high, depending on the age, race, and socioeconomic status of the patient population. Thus, antibiotic treatment to eradicate H. pylori may not provide symptom relief. H. pylori can currently be diagnosed by serology or by a number of techniques involving endoscopic biopsy. In the near future, urea breath testing will likely become the noninvasive method of choice for diagnosing and monitoring the success of treatment for H. pylori in the primary care setting. This article discusses the current issues related to diagnosis and treatment of H. pylori as they relate to the primary care provider and offers insight as to when specialty referrals should be considered.
Conformal ultrathin on-skin electrodes with reusability, breathability and invisibility

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

On-skin electrodes, as important basic units of wearable devices, is becoming an emerging research area for healthcare application. Improvement on different properties of on-skin electrodes is widely investigated, in particular to enhance the stretchability and conductivity, while user-interface related properties also play a vital function in research and development of device for electrophysiological signals monitoring. However, gap exists in electrode materials with properties including reusability for repeated adhesion, breathability for sweat evaporation, and invisibility for aesthetic purposes, at the same time. Herein, a bacterial cellulose based ultrathin film with thickness of about 5 μm is developed as substrate material for conformal on-skin electrodes which possess reusability, breathability, and invisibility simultaneously. With glycerol plasticization, the Young’s modulus of the cellulose ultrathin film can be modified and reduced from 1 GPa of pure cellulose ultrathin film to around 100 MPa, which is comparable to the modulus of human stratum corneum. The glycerol-plasticized cellulose film is tested to have repeated usability, high water vapor transmission rate and superior invisibility on skin. With combination of poly(3,4- ethylenedioxythiophene): poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS), the cellulose/PEDOT: PSS ultrathin film can achieve a conductivity of around 100 S/m after post-treatment, which is increased over 5 times higher compared with direct spin coating of PEDOT: PSS aqueous solution. The proposed on-skin electrodes display a relatively low impedance and high signal-to-noise ratio comparable to commercial Ag/AgCl electrodes in electromyography (EMG) signal monitoring. The user-friendly interface and high signal capture performance provide great potential for it to be applied in future commercialized on-skin electronics products.
Reactivity of Digermylenes toward Potassium Graphite: Synthesis and Characterization of Germylidenide Anions

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The synthesis and characterization of the digermylenes [LGe-GeL] [L = L(1) (3A), L(2) (3B)] supported by the 2,6-diiminophenyl (L(1)) and 2-imino-5,6-methylenedioxylphenyl (L(2)) ligands are described. Their reactivities toward potassium graphite are also reported. The reaction of [LGeCl] [L = L(1) (2A), L(2) (2B)] with KC(8) in tetrahydrofuran (THF) at room temperature afforded the digermylenes [LGe-GeL] [L = L(1) (3A), L(2) (3B)], which are the first examples of diaryldigermylenes stabilized by o-imino donor(s). The treatment of 3A with 2 equiv of KC(8) in Et(2)O, followed by the addition of excess tetramethylethylenediamine (TMEDA), results in cleavage of the Ge(I)-Ge(I) bond to afford the germylidenide anion [L(1)GeK·TMEDA] (4A). Similarly, the reaction of 3B with excess KC(8) in THF afforded the germylidenide anion [L(2)GeK] (4B). The molecular structures of compounds 4A and 4B as determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis show that the K atoms are η(1)-coordinated with the low-valent Ge atoms. Moreover, the negative charges at the Ge atoms in compounds 4A and 4B are stabilized by electron delocalization in the germanium heterocycles.
Selection of black bean pre-cultivars based on adaptability and stability for the State of Rio de Janeiro

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract The development of new cultivars is a strategy used in breeding programs to increase food production with environmental sustainability. The genotype × environment interaction is a great challenge in the identification and selection of superior genotypes for different edaphoclimatic conditions. Due to this interaction, it is essential to select and develop materials that can provide not only high productivity but also wide adaptability and production stability. Given the above, this work aims to select bean pre-cultivars regarding grain productivity, adaptability and stability for the State of Rio de Janeiro. In the 2018 harvest, two inbred lines competition trials were carried out and three in the 2019 harvest. Eleven black bean genotypes were evaluated in five environments, and the experiments were set up in a randomized block design with three replications. The adaptability and genotypic stability were assessed via the GGE Biplot, Eberhart and Russell and Lin and Binns methodologies, with the aid of the GENES and R software systems. The methodologies based on simple linear regression and non-parametric statistical analysis were concordant in the identification of genotypes with production stability (BRS Esteio, BRS FP 403 and CNFP 16459), responsive to environmental improvement (BRS Esteio) and adapted to unfavorable environments (BRS Esteio). Furthermore, BRS Esteio was classified as the ideotype and presented the best adaptability, high stability and performance above the general average. Thus, the adaptability and stability analysis methodologies proved to be effective and consistent in identifying superior genotypes.
Flora da Bahia: Vitex Tour. ex. L. Lamiaceae

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The genus Vitex is characterized by digitated compound leaves, bilipped corolla, didynamous androecium, axial placentation and drupaceous fruit. This study aimed at goals the inventory of Vitex species within the state of Bahia. There are 15 species in the state: Vitex agnus-castus, V. capitata, V. cymosa, V. flavens, V. gardneriana, V. hypoleuca, V. martii, V. megapotamia, V. mexiae, V. orinocensis, V. polygama, V. rufescens, V. schaueriana, V. sellowiana, and V. triflora.
Experimental Verification of the Gouy Phase for Higher-Order Hermite-Gaussian Beams

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The Gouy phase is related to the axial phase shift experienced by any focused light beam with respect to a reference plane wave when passing through its focus. Generally, the Gouy phase ΦG for a higher-order Hermite-Gaussian (HG) beam is this for the fundamental Gaussian beam multiplied by a factor, which is the sum of the mode indices of the HG beam plus unity. Although this result is a paradigm in optics, we are not aware of its experimental verification. In this paper, we present experimental results obtained with a single-lens interferometer for higher-order HG modes generated using spatial light modulator. The retrieved Gouy phase ΦG is found in a very good quantitative agreement with the mentioned theoretical result.
Noodle processing, storage time and cooking affect the antioxidant activities and phenolic compounds content of Qingke barley noodles

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Summary The impact of noodle processing, storage and cooking on the total phenol content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) was assessed. Total phenol content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) of mixed flour were 77.50 and 39.56 mg per 100 g, respectively, and it decreased to 71.80 and 36.30 mg per 100 g after noodle processing. For the fresh Qingke barley noodles (FQBNs), stored at 25 °C, both TPC and TFC decreased significantly during storage. After cooking the fresh noodles, the TPC of the noodles stored for 0 and 4 h increased, while it decreased for the noodles stored for 8, 16 and 24 h; the TFC of all cooked Qingke barley noodles (CQBNs) decreased. Compared with the flour, the DPPH • , ABTS •+ , HO • and scavenging ability and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) decreased significantly ( P < 0.05) after noodle processing. For FQBN, increased storage time led to a reduction in antioxidant ability. After cooking, the DPPH • and HO • scavenging ability and FRAP of noodles stored at 25 °C for 0 and 4 h, and the ABTS •+ and scavenging ability of noodles stored at 25 °C for 0, 4 and 8 h increased. Overall, noodle processing, storage and cooking will affect the phenolic compound content and antioxidant activities of barley noodles. Although the shelf life of FQBN is 17 h at 25 °C, from the perspective of nutrition, it is not suitable for long‐term storage, and it is best choice to consume it within the first 4 h.
OUP accepted manuscript

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Journal Article Asylum in Crisis: Migrant Policy, Entrapment, and the Role of Non-Governmental Organisations in Siracusa, Italy Get access Adam Kersch, Adam Kersch * Adam Kersch, MA, is a doctoral student, University of California, Davis, Department of Anthropology, Davis, USA. Email: akersch@ucdavis.edu Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Joanna Mishtal Joanna Mishtal Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Refugee Survey Quarterly, Volume 35, Issue 4, December 2016, Pages 97–121, https://doi.org/10.1093/rsq/hdw017 Published: 29 November 2016
Gender, gestation, and birthweight-based differences in the timing of passage of first urine and meconium in neonates: A prospective observational study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A BSTRACT Introduction: The cut-off for referral to a higher center and further investigations for the delayed passage of first urine and meconium by a neonate have been traditionally kept after 48 hours of birth. There are very few studies regarding this in Indian neonates, and previous studies have relied primarily on the mother’s recall of the event which may have led to recall bias. Therefore, through this study, we wanted to use hospital intake/output records to identify the risk factors that affect the timing of passage of first urine and stool in neonates delivered at our center and to find out if the cut-off of 48 hours to call it a delay is justifiable. Methodology: This was a single-center, prospective observational study conducted in Eastern India. After obtaining ethics committee approval, the eligible neonates delivered at the center were prospectively enrolled between June 2020 to December 2022. The timing of passage of first urine and meconium was noted using 3 hourly collected information from the input/output charts maintained by the nursing staff in the postnatal wards. The median time of passage of first urine and meconium was compared across gender, gestation, and birth weight. To find the factors associated independently with delayed passage of meconium, multivariable logistic regression was used. Result: A total of 330 neonates were enrolled prospectively in the study. Approximately two-thirds of them passed first urine (69.7%) and meconium (62.7%) within 6 hours after delivery. The median and interquartile range (IQR) of the time of passage of the first urine was 4 (1-7) hours of life. This did not vary significantly for gender, gestation, and birthweight categories. The median (IQR) of time of passage of meconium was 4 (1-8) hours of life, which was significantly higher for male [5 (2-8.5), ( P = 0.029)] and preterm neonates [6.3 (2.5-12), ( P = 0.001)], but did not vary significantly for birthweight categories. On multivariable logistic regression, twin gestation [OR 4.15 (95% CI 1.09-15.76); P = 0.036] and preterm birth [OR 2.97 (95% CI 1.18-7.43); P = 0.02] increased the odds of passage of meconium beyond 12 hours’ postnatal age. 99.39% and 98.77% of the neonates passed urine and meconium respectively within 24 hours. Conclusion: The median time of passage of first urine was not influenced by gender, gestation at birth, and birthweight categories. The median time of passage of meconium was significantly higher for male and preterm neonates. Also, with early initiation of direct breastfeeding and good feeding support most neonates pass their first urine and stool by 24 hours of life. So, maybe it’s time to revise the cut-off for referrals or investigations from 48 hours to 24 hours of life. However, further studies with larger sample sizes will be required to confirm this cut-off.
Synthesis of Selenazoles by\nin Situ Cycloisomerization\nof Propargyl Selenoamides Using Oxygen–Selenium Exchange Reaction

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Herein,\nwe describe an approach toward selenazole preparation based\non the cycloisomerization of propargyl selenoamides. The selenoamides\nwere synthesized in situ using the Ishihara reagent with spontaneous\ncyclization to form the 2,5-disubstituted selenazoles. Heterocylcles <b>9a</b>–<b>j</b> were prepared using readily available\nstarting materials, and yields ranged from moderate to good (20–80%).\nMethylselenazole <b>9a</b> could be transformed into a bromomethyl\nderivative <b>13</b> using NBS. The intermediate <b>13</b> would provide a more versatile building block for further derivatizations,\ne.g., the cyanide <b>14</b>.
Audiovisual Production in West Africa: The Integration of New Technical and Aesthetic Forms to the Classical Film Studies Canon

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The digital shift is changing the cinematographic medium in the technical ways of producing and broadcasting audiovi- sual artifacts, our aesthetic expectations, and how cultural institutions make sense of these aspects. It is a global phe- nomenon, which takes a specific form in West Africa, where it presents an opportunity and a challenge, requiring cultural institutions to update their understanding of audiovisual production. Based on analysis of recent Francophone West African films, this article questions the aesthetic criteria that we usually use to analyze and teach about African cinema. Beginning with observations of the consequences of the digi- tal shift, it details how aesthetic evolution is an issue for Afri- can film studies and audiovisual institutions in West Africa.
The Intellectual Character of Interdisciplinary Researchers

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The study and understanding of fundamental questions cannot be addressed by a single discipline. A plurality of insights needs to be integrated or coordinated to allow for mutual enrichment in interdisciplinary research. The intellectual character describes the set of dispositions that both configure and motivate intellectual behavior. In this paper, we explore the intellectual virtues that constitute the ideal character of an interdisciplinary researcher. We look at dimensions of several intellectual virtues – intellectual curiosity, open-mindedness, intellectual humility, and intellectual honest – relevant to interdisciplinarity, we discuss the significance of other character traits – intellectual creativity and intellectual trust – for integrating a plurality of insights, and we argue for the need of a social cognition approach, emphasizing the relevance of interpersonal intellectual virtues in interdisciplinary inquiry. All these virtues are key constituents of the intellectual character of interdisciplinary researchers.
Geopolitics, social forces, and the international: Revisiting the ‘Eastern Question’

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract This article contributes to current debates in materialist geopolitics and contemporary IR theorising by restating the centrality of social forces for conceptualising geopolitics. It does so by offering a detailed conceptual reading of the corpus of the ‘Eastern Question’, which is composed of a series of political analyses written by Marx and Engels in the period of 1853–6. This archive presents unique analytical and conceptual insights beyond the immediate temporal scope of the issue. I unpack this argument in three movements. The article (i) offers an overview of the debates on materialist geopolitics; (ii) contextualises the historical setting of the ‘Eastern Question’ and critically evaluates the great powers’ commitment to the European status quo ; and (iii) constructs an original engagement with a largely overlooked corpus to reveal the ways in which Marx and Engels demonstrated the interwoven relationship between domestic class interests, the state, and the international system. I maintain that revisiting the ‘Eastern Question’ corpus (i) bolsters the existing materialist frameworks by underscoring the role of class as an analytical category; (ii) challenges an important historical pillar of the balance of power argument; and (iii) empirically strengthens the burgeoning scholarship in international historical sociology.
Proteins anchored via glycosylphosphatidylinositol and solubilizing phospholipases in Trypanosoma cruzi.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The presence of GPI anchors and phospholipases capable of solubilizing them in Trypanosoma cruzi has been investigated in epimastigotes, metacyclic trypomastigotes from axenic cultures and tissue culture trypomastigotes. The GPI anchored proteins in epimastigote forms are scarce when compared to their abundance in the parasite forms which can infect mammals, and GPI-solubilizing phospholipases C have been found in all life cycles stages. In epimastigote and metacyclic forms, the activity is found in the soluble fraction upon cell lysis, whereas in tissue cultured trypomastigotes it is membrane bound and, being mostly sensitive to p-chloromercuriphenylsulfonate, resembles closely the GPI specific phospholipase of Trypanosoma brucei. Sequential immunoprecipitations with monoclonal antibodies and anti-CRD indicated the presence of several sub-populations among the surface proteins of metacyclic trypomastigotes, five of these belonging to the GPI-anchored 90 kD family. Among this family, the epitopes recognized by MAb-1G7 are present in three members, one of them also expressing the 3F6 epitope. There are 2 members recognized only by MAb-3F6 but not by MAb-1G7, one of them being probably galactosylated on the GPI since it can be immunoprecipitated by anti-CRD. Very strangely, the epitope recognized by the MAb-WIC29.26 was always present on the gp72, as originally described, but under certain circumstances appeared cryptic on one of the 90 kD species. During epimastigote transformation into metacyclic trypomastigotes in vitro, the ability of the GPI of the 1G7-antigen to be solubilized by phospholipase C and D varies depending on the age of the culture and presence or absence of fetal calf serum. Different patterns of solubilization were also obtained for 1G7-Ag, depending on whether the test is performed with parasite lysates or with antigen affinity purified from them. Our data indicate that the phospholipase C resistance observed does not arise from acylation on the inositol, as previously described for acetylcholinesterase from human erythrocytes, being rather due to factors which either modify the GPI or affect the action of the phospholipases. Previously unreported resistance to glycosylphosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase D has been observed both to glycosylphosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase D has been observed both to 1G7-Ag and 10D8-Ag, the GPI-anchored mucynlike protein which is acceptor of sialic acid in metacyclic forms. Our findings are discussed in the light of the presently known structures of GPI in this parasite, and imaginative speculation on biological roles for the GPI phospholipase system in T. cruzi is also provided.
Provocatively and evocatively vivid language: An extension of Language Expectancy Theory Item type text; Dissertation-Reproduction (electronic)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

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