jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
SH1150507.09FU

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.
Frege's Theory of Judgement.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Journal Article Book Reviews Get access Frege’s Theory of Judgement. By David Bell. (Oxford: Clarendon Press: O.U.P. 1979. Pp. xii+166. Price £8.50) Peter Long Peter Long Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Philosophical Quarterly, Volume 30, Issue 120, July 1980, Pages 254–255, https://doi.org/10.2307/2219252 Published: 01 July 1980
Comparative Evaluation of Chemical Composition of Fermented Ground Bean Flour (Kerstingella geocarpa), Cowpea Flour (Vigna unguiculata) and Commercial Wheat Flour (Triticum spp.)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The study was conducted to compare the chemical composition of 3 flour samples: fermented ground bean flour, fermented cowpea flour and commercial wheat flour. Commercial wheat flour was purchased from a local market as well as cowpea and ground bean. The samples were cleaned and sorted, soaked in water at room temperature, dehulled, oven dried at 50°C for 12 h, milled into fine flour. The flours were fermented at room temperature for 3 days, oven dried at 50°C for 12 h and finally milled into flours. These flours were subjected to chemical analysis done in triplicates using standard assay. Mean, standard deviation of the samples were calculated and Duncan's multiple test was used to separate the means. The result indicated that the protein content ranged from 14.71 to 25.39%. The wheat flour had the least value (14.71%) while the ground bean flour and cowpea flour had 25.39 and 24.34%, respectively. The vitamin A composition varied from 10.80 to 29.60 mg/100 g. The wheat flour had the least vitamin A value which was significantly different from the other flours (10.80 vs 29.60 and 18.20 mg/100 g) (p<0.05). The iron composition varied. It ranged from 2.51 to 6.80 mg/100 g. The ground bean flour and the highest iron value (6.80 mg/100 g) while the cowpea flour and wheat flour had 2.51 mg and 4.70 mg/100 g. The calcium composition ranged from 166.10-308.46 mg/100 g. The cowpea flour had the highest value which was significantly different from the other flours (308.46 vs 166.10 and 183.25 mg/100 g) (p<0.05).The zinc composition differed. It varied from 8.30-28.05 mg/100 g. The wheat flour had the least value which was significantly different from the other flours at (8.30 vs 25.22 and 28.05 mg/100 g) (p<0.005). The cowpea flour had the highest zinc value (28.05 mg/100 g). Fermented cowpea and ground bean flours showed higher nutrient content mainly in nutrients of public health importance like Vitamin A and iron. These nutritional qualities calls for a greater attention to the underutilized (ground bean) crop. These flours could as well be incorporated into wheat flour to improve the nutritional qualities of confectionaries and bakery products.
The current development and trends of social media marketing strategies for businesses : case study on an internet marketing company : Lead Creation

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this thesis is to highlight the evolution of the marketing strategies of businesses and more specifically of their communication strategies, with the important rise of social media influence, which is changing the way people get informed as well as their purchasing decision process. Indeed, this research is about underlining the fact that businesses, small or big sized, have to get online and to use social media and to adapt their business models if they want to stay on top of the competition on their markets. \nThe research is supported by a case study of an Australian internet marketing company, in order to get valuable insights from internet marketing experts, which will strengthen the points explained by the different authors in the literature review.
Modified atmosphere packaging of an endemic garlic species, Allium Tuncelianum

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Allium tuncelianum is an important endemic food ingredient widely used in Tunceli cuisine, Turkey, because of its health benefits, and its less tangy unique flavor and aroma compared to cultured garlic. In the present study, modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) of Allium tuncelianum, and changes in its quality during 28 days of refrigerated storage were investigated. This study is the only study on minimal processing of Allium tuncelianum. Effect of the initial gas mixture during storage was investigated using two distinct initial gas mixtures A and B: 5 % O2, 5 % CO2, 90 % N2, and 3 % O2, 8 % CO2, 89 moles N2 on molar basis, respectively. Samples were analyzed every seven days with respect to weight loss, dry matter, water activity, total phenolic content, pH, titratable acidity, ash content, color, degree of sprouting, and texture profile. Modified atmosphere packaging resulted in 3.7- 4.45 g.100 g-1 weight loss compared with 20.67 g.100 g-1 in the control group stored at room temperature and humidity. No sprouting was detected in the control group, whereas fractional sprouting was 0.875 for the MAP samples. Therefore, the key parameter related with MAP storage of Allium tuncelianum seems to be the moisture content of the packaging atmosphere. MAP with moisture adsorbant packages is a promising method for maintaining the freshness of Allium tuncelianum providing a marketing strategy for this endemic ingredient.
Innovative Macroergonomic Approaches: Responsibilities, Opportunities, and Challenges

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Since the early 1980s, human factors professionals have leveraged macroergonomic approaches to build and design complex systems. Macroergonomics is of increasing relevance and interest to modern human factors experts working to address societal and organizational problems. New questions within existing domains necessitate development of new macroergonomic methods. Additionally, modern research needs drive the development of novel approaches in new domains. In this session, panelists will provide expert perspectives on the dynamic evolution of systems analysis, innovative implementation of participatory ergonomics programs, new hazard recognition approaches based on cognitive mnemonics, new applications of improvisation that enhance team performance, and a synthesized method seeking to elucidate micro to macro systems components. After each panelist has presented, we will then facilitate a discussion with the audience and panelists about the responsibilities and opportunities to derive human factors tools and methods that address the challenges and limitations of modern macroergonomics.
In vitro anti-oxidative activities and GC-MS analysis of various solvent extracts of Cassia singueana parts.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The present study was conducted to investigate the anti-oxidative activities of different solvent extracts of Cassia singueana parts. Our results indicate that all the extracts have reducing power (Fe3+ --> Fe2+) and DPPH radical scavenging abilities. However, the ethyl acetate extract of the stem bark has the highest total reducing power whilst the ethanol extract of the stem bark has more potent free radical scavenging activity than all the other extracts. The ethyl acetate extract of the stem bark exhibited more powerful hydroxyl radical scavenging activity than other extracts whilst the aqueous extract of the leaves displayed more potent nitric oxide inhibition activity than other extracts. The GC-MS analysis of the ethyl acetate extract of the stem bark and the ethanol extract of the root and leaves indicated that several aromatic compounds, including phenolics, fatty acids, amino acids and triterpenoids were present in these extracts. Data from this study suggest that the parts of C. singueana possessed anti-oxidative activities and can be used as a potential alternative medicine for oxidative stress related non-communicable chronic diseases. Further experimental and clinical studies in this regard are warranted.
Mechanism of Apothecial Opening and Ascospore Expulsion by the Cup-Fungus Urnula craterium

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

SummaryThe apothecial wall of the cup-fungus Urnula craterium consists of three layers, an outer black, non-elastic, leathery one, a nearly colorless, gelatinous, water-holding, medullary one, and an inner brown hymenial one.The apothecia open as the result of pressure exerted by the paraphyses, which on swelling are changed from branched septate filaments to bead-like chains of ellipsoidal cells. This change is confined to a zone at the rim. Swelling results from increase in osmotic concentration, a consequence of the transformation of reserve glycogen in the hymenial layer to reducing sugar. Apparently melanin in the outer apothecial wall functions to absorb heat to the extent of initiating the activity of the glycolytic enzyme system. Essential moisture is supplied by the medullary layer.The apices of the asci are turned upward, a phototropic response.This mechanism for opening the cup to expose the hymenium is presently known to occur only in Urnula craterium and U. Geaster.Addendum—Mycelial cultures of Urnula craterium originating from ascospores were planted on decaying branches of oak that had been sterilized. After approximately 6 months, black heaps of conidia had formed. This conidial stage appears to be Strumella corynoidea Sacc. and Wint., which Davidson (Mycologia 42: 735–742. 1950) suspected of being the conidial stage of Urnula craterium.
Effects of the Elevated Atmospheric CO2 Concentration on the Water Use Efficiency of Winter Wheat

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In Central Europe drought is one of the most important limiting factor for autumn-sown cereals. Due to the decreasing in groundwater resources, it is a priority to make efficient use of groundwater and to promote less water-demanding forms of crop production. Water use efficiency can only be increased if cultivars with satisfactory water management traits are grown. To this end, water consumption (WU) and water use efficiency (WUE) of winter wheat genotypes were investigated in a greenhouse experiment. Plants were grown either with optimum water supply or with simulated drought in two phenophases, shooting and heading. Measurements were made on yield parameters, phenological traits and water use parameters of plants. This experiment was carried out in greenhouse chambers using the same climatic conditions, only the atmospheric CO2 concentration was regulated. 400 ppm concentration was used as control and elevated levels were 700 and 1000 ppm, respectively. Water use efficiency was calculated by dividing the grain yield by the water used during the vegetation. Significant differences were determined by investigating the influence of water shortage on the water use efficiency of plants during the vegetation but also meaningful alterations were found among the drought and CO2 sensitivity of varieties examined. Elevated CO2 concentration improved the water use efficiency but there were some differences among the genotypes that could be followed not only by the control but also by the drought treated plants. Simulated drought stress by the shooting decreased the WUE compared to the well watered plants but there were meaningful differences among the varieties at the different CO2 levels. The enriched CO2 resulted in a significant increase of WUE under stress condition simulated by the heading compared to the plants grown under atmospheric CO2 level. Acknowledgements: Present study was funded by the TÁMOP project 4.2.2.A-11/1/KONV/-2012-0064 project.
Implementation of Cord- Blood Derived Unrestricted Somatic Stem Cells in the Regeneration of two Experimental Models: Carbon Tetrachloride and S. Mansoni Induced Liver Fibrosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Liver fibrosis is the wound-healing response of the liver to chronic injury it is very important to investigate different treatments and therapies for cirrhosis as the liver is one of the target organs for which stem cell-based therapeutics is very promising.In this study, Isolation, propagation, and characterization of unrestricted somatic stem cells (USSCs) from cord blood (CB) samples were performed and induced to differentiate into osteoblasts, adipocytes and hepatocyte-like cells.The therapeutic potentiality of USSCs in two experimental models of chronic liver injury was evaluated.First experimental model (30 mice): Ten Schistosoma mansoni infected mice were intravenously injected with USSCs 1×10 6 cell/mouse.Ten were infected untreated (pathological control) and 10 healthy mice (negative control).2nd experimental model (30 hamsters): Twenty were injected with repeated doses of carbon tetrachloride Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Co.(St Louis, Missouri, USA) to induce liver fibrosis; 10 were treated with intrahepatic injection of 3x10 6 USSCs and the other 10 were untreated pathological control.Ten healthy hamsters served as negative control.Animals were sacrificed 12 weeks post transplantation, and their liver sections were examined for detection of human hepatocyte-like cells by immunohistochemical staining.Moreover, liver sections were examined for fibrosis levels.Sera of sacrificed animals were tested for liver functions.CB USSCs, with fibroblast-like morphology, expressed high levels of CD44, CD90, CD73 and CD105 and were negative for CD34, CD45, and HLA-DR.USSCs showed high expression of transcripts for Oct4 and Sox2 and were in vitro differentiated into osteoblasts, adipocytes, and hepatocyte-like cells.In both models transplantation of CBUSSCs resulted in engraftment of the fibrosed livers with newly formed hepatocytes evidenced by positive immunostaining with human Hep Par1, α-fetoprotein, CK-18, CK-7 and OV6.Transplanted liver sections showed diminished hepatic fibrosis with significantly lower fibrotic index as well as significantly improved liver functions compared to the pathological control (p<0.001). ConclusionThese data provide hope that human CB-derived USSCs are introduced as multipotent stem cells with great potentiality in regenerative medicine & strengthens the concept of cellular therapy for the treatment of liver fibrosis.
Differential effects of prefrontal lesions and combined prefrontal and limbic lesions on subsequent learning performance in the cat.

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

On the basis of a previous experiment (Irle & Markowitsch, 1983) in which triple limbic lesions as opposed to double limbic lesions in the cat failed to impair the learning behavior of these animals, the effects of a lesion in a fourth brain structure, in addition to the original ones, were examined. Two groups of cats were given lesions in either the prefrontal cortex alone or in the prefrontal cortex, the anterior thalamus, the mamillary bodies, and the subiculum and subsequently tested in the acquisition of a visual reversal, a delayed alternation, and an active two-way avoidance task. Compared with control cats, cats with prefrontal lesions were strongly impaired in the acquisition of the visual reversal task and the delayed alternation task but only slightly impaired in the acquisition of the active two-way avoidance task. In contrast, animals with combined prefrontal cortical, anterior thalamic, mamillary, and subicular lesions were unimpaired in the acquisition of the visual reversal task, slightly facilitated in the acquisition of the active two-way avoidance task, but impaired in the acquisition of the delayed alternation task similarly to the animals with prefrontal lesions. The superior performance rates of the animals with fourfold lesions are considered to be due to a lesion-induced functional shift acting on intact brain structures which, prior to massive limbic lesions, remain inhibited or otherwise suppressed. The failure of the animals with fourfold lesions in the delayed alternation task indicates that the functions underlying this type of behavior cannot be compensated for or, alternatively, that a prefrontal lesion is not sufficient to disinhibit other structures involved in the same behavior.
Crystal and Molecular Structure of an Acridinedione

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The title compound, 10-(4-hydroxybenzoylamino)-3,4,6,7,9,10-hexahydro-1,8-(2H,5H)-acridinedione monohydrate,C20H22N2O4.H2O, consists of partially hydrogenated acridine moiety with one benzoylamino substituent on the central ring. The compound crystallizes in monoclinic system with P21/c space group and the unit cell constants are: a = 11.142(4), b = 12.266(2), c = 13.320(2) Å; β = 91.76(2)° and V = 1819.6(8) Å3.The central ring (B) adopts boat and the outer rings (A and C) adopt sofa conformations. The water molecule takes part in OW-H...O and N-H...OW hydrogen bond formation with acridinedione and benzoylamino group. The oxygen atom O1 interacts through O–H...O bond with the hydroxyl group and in a head-to-tail link up of molecules that results in the formation of an infinite “supra molecular“ chain.
Effects of Estradiol on the Biosynthesis of Pyridine Nucleotide Coenzymes in the Rat Uterus1

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Ovariectomized female albino rats were used to determine whether or not the uterus is capable of de novo synthesis of pyridine nucleotide co enyzmes and if so to determine which of the 2 pathways for synthesis of NAD and NADP are increased by estrogen stimulation. Previous work had determined that levels of NAD and NADP are increased in the uterus of ovariectomized rats after estradiol administration. The 2 pathways for synthesis of NAD and NADP in mammalian tissues are the nicotinamide (NAM) and the nicotinic acid (NAC). The NAM pathway is considered the primary route of NAD biosynthesis in the mammary gland and testis. The NAC is the most active and is elevated after estrogen administration. Details techniques used for both the experiment and analysis of results are given. Radiologically labeled metabolites suggest that both pathway s are active in the uterus. However in the presence of estradiol NAC is incorporated into NAD at a rate 2.7 times faster than observed for NAM when both are added in vitro at a concentration of 1.7 x 10 M. Estrogen increased the incorporation of labeled NAC into NAD while the incorporation of NAM was unchanged. Comparison of intermediates in the nicotinic acid pathway for NAD synthesis between control and 4-hour estradiol-treated rats indicated that estradiol may cause a specific increase in the rate of conversion of deamido nicotinamide ribonucleotide to deamido-nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide to increase the overall flux of intermediates through the NAC pathway.
Response of Anabaena to pH, Carbon, and Phosphorus

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The objectives were to study the roles of carbon and phosphorus in cultural eutrophication, and to investigate the observation that blue-green algal blooms are frequently associated with a pH greater than 8.4. These objectives were met by the manometric determination of rates of photosynthesis and respiration in the blue-green alga, Anabaena flos-aquae as functions of pH, total inorganic carbon, and orthophosphate. The photosynthetic rate was independent of carbon concentrations from 30 ppm Na2CO3–300 ppm Na2CO3. At pH values of 8.3 or less, photosynthetic rate is dependent upon pH and independent of P concentration. At higher pH values, the reverse is true. Respiration was independent of pH, carbon, and phosphorus. The association of blue-greens with alkaline pH values is related to a H+ effect and is independent of the ionic forms of carbon and phosphorus.
The Emancipated Amateur: Rancierian Reviewing Practices and New Models of Theatre Criticism

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The current proliferation of digital platforms and the reduction of arts coverage in mainstream media outlets in Canada has given rise to many theatre reviewers whose contributions to critical discourse are often dismissed because they lack professional legitimization. This article uses Jacques Rancière’s formulations of the ignorant schoolmaster and the emancipated spectator to interrogate the distinction between professional and amateur critics. It argues that participants and practices typically understood as amateur provide models of criticism that are pluralistic, affective, and inclusive. Analyzing three central case studies—a newspaper column featuring “regular” spectators, reviews by children and youth, and mentorship initiatives for emerging Black, Indigenous, and people of colour critics—the article demonstrates how amateurs challenge the notion of expertise as exclusive knowledge possessed by the elite. It highlights the benefits of opening up critical conversations during this crucial moment when the Canadian theatre industry is confronting its complicity in systemic injustices and seeking to attract new audiences.
The Swedish Biotechnology Engine: Finishing the Final Lap

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

It may seem unbelievable; but with a population of only nine million people, Sweden has had a profound impact on medical and biological science in the world. For instance, in the 1940s Arne Tiselius discovered electrophoresis, a method of protein analysis with great importance and practicality used in medical and biological research today. In 1950, Inge Edler and Hellmuth Hertz devised echocardiography, a non-invasive method for examining the heart. This medical technology revolutionized cardiovascular diagnostics throughout the world. Also, such products as the dialysis machine, the world famous ulcer medicine omeprazole (Losec®), and the acid pump inhibitor esomeprazole magnesium (Nexium®) are all worldwide contributions adding to Sweden’s scientific clout. (“Swedish Inventions and Discoveries”) In the 21st century, a high priority is placed on biotechnology as a means to foster economic growth and scientific discovery. While the world usually looks toward the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, and France to take the lead within this biotechnological race, should Sweden be ignored as one of the favorites? The answer is “No.” Currently, the Swedish biotechnology industry enjoys high international status. It comprises more than 200 companies, ranking fourth in Europe in terms of total number of biotech companies and ninth in the world. (“Biotechnology and Pharmaceuticals in Sweden,” p. 1) Thus, despite Sweden’s small population, it has still managed to contribute substantially to the field of biotechnology. With such success, it is no surprise that Sweden’s intent is to support the emergence of its new sector consisting of smaller, more innovative biotech companies. However, although the Swedish biotechnology industry has great potential, many of these smaller companies are currently stuck in the start-up phases of development, slowing down the Swedish biotech engine. Employing strateTHE SWEDISH BIOTECHNOLOGY ENGINE: FINISHING THE FINAL LAP