jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Development of a chip for detecting the diabetes-associated common loci in mitochondrial genome

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

目的 建立一种快速、准确的检测糖尿病线粒体DNA常见易感基因位点的芯片技术.方法 将氨基修饰的16个常见易感基因位点(1888,3200,3206,3243,3290,3316,3394,3593,3426,12026,12258,14577,14693,14709,16189,16223)的野生型和突变型探针,通过Packard芯片点样仪点样于醛基修饰的基片上,室温保湿过夜固定.采用该基因芯片对52份已知和52份未知突变位点的2型糖尿病标本进行检测,每份样本平行测3次,Axon GenePix 4000B芯片扫描仪阅读芯片,GenePix Pro 4.0版芯片图像分析软件分析结果.结果 芯片样点分布均匀、清晰、规整度好、无漏点和连点;片内平行点之间的荧光强度变异系数为0.62%～9.64%,芯片间相同位点之间为1.00%～13.46%;背景信号低(突变型探针和野生型探针的背景荧光强度分别为43.25±2.10,44.56±2.63);减去背景信号的阳性探针荧光强度明显高于阴性探针(t=8.6,P=0.000),易于判断结果;初步设定筛选和诊断实验的突变型cut-off值;按此标准判断实验结果,筛选实验的假阳性率为11.11%,假阴性率为0.53%;诊断试验的假阳性率为2.22%,假阴性率为6.41%;除16189位点外,验证其他已知突变位点,并在未知突变样本中检出了A12026G突变和C16223T多态性,结果与测序结果一致.结论 该芯片可用于糖尿病线粒体DNA 15个常见易感基因位点的快速筛查和检验诊断。
PROCEDE: a failed programme to reduce poverty and inequalities in Mexico

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper analyses the land tenure reform that took place in Mexico in 1992 and its PROCEDE programme (Ejido Rights Certification Programme). It considers the counter-agrarian reform's objectives, the context in which it was proposed, and the different actors involved. It delves into the main points of debate, the mechanisms used to finally get the reform approved. Although this reform was not part of an explicit policy to reduce ethnic inequalities, its proponents argued that it would reduce the poverty of peasants and indigenous people. Almost 30 years after this reform was enacted, it is necessary to analyse its results. We consider how the subsequent political landscape influenced the evolution of PROCEDE, the agrarian structure changes, the collective ownership of land, and the political situation of the ejidos and communities in the new scenario.
Effect of mycoplasma on growth of canine distemper virus in Vero cells.

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

It was recognized that Vero cells which had once been used for a titration of canine distemper virus (CDV) had been contaminated with mycoplasmas. Then mycoplasmas were examined for effect on the growth of CDV in these cells. Mycoplasma orale was isolated from 2 of 4 sublines of Vero cells. It could replicate in Mycoplasma-free Vero cells without causing CPE. When these cells were infected with CDV at a low multi-plicity of infection (MOI), decreased yields (1 log) in Mycoplasma-infected cells were observed from 72 to 120 hours after virus inoculation. When MOI was high, the growth of virus was delayed in Mycoplasma-infected cells by about 24 hours. On the other hand, no significant difference was seen between CDV titers assayed in Mycoplasma-free and those assayed in Mycoplasma-infected Vero cells. These results suggest that M. orale used may have a low ability to inhibit the growth of CDV. A decreased yield was seen, irrespective of arginine concentration (0.5 and 0.1 mM) in the medium. When antiserum against M. orale was added to Mycoplasma-infected cultures, virus titers approximated the levels obtained in Mycoplasma-free cultures.
“Not a Thing of the Past”, Zora Neale Hurston and the Living Legacy of Folklore

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Auteur important bien qu’atypique de la Renaissance de Harlem et premier anthropologue afro-américain à avoir étudié sa propre culture, Zora Neale Hurston est, à de nombreux titres, un écrivain d’exception. Contrairement à d’autres, dont Robert Wright et Alain Locke, Hurston ne renie nullement le legs culturel que représente le folklore noir qu’elle apprécie selon ses propres critères, folklore qui influencera tant la forme que le fond de son art. Anthropologue de formation, Hurston appréhende néanmoins la culture noire américaine du sud non pas comme un vestige du passé qu’il conviendrait de conserver précieusement intact, mais comme une partie intégrante du vécu actuel. À travers les stratégies discursives orales vernaculaires qu’elle adopte et adapte de la tradition folklorique afro-américaine, Hurston, en pionnière, ouvre une voie et donne une voix aux écrivains Noirs à venir.
Designing Interactions for 3D Printed Models with Blind People

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Three-dimensional printed models have the potential to serve as powerful accessibility tools for blind people. Recently, researchers have developed methods to further enhance 3D prints by making them interactive: when a user touches a certain area in the model, the model speaks a description of the area. However, these interactive models were limited in terms of their functionalities and interaction techniques. We conducted a two-section study with 12 legally blind participants to fill in the gap between existing interactive model technologies and end users' needs, and explore design opportunities. In the first section of the study, we observed participants' behavior as they explored and identified models and their components. In the second section, we elicited user-defined input techniques that would trigger various functions from an interactive model. We identified five exploration activities (e.g., comparing tactile elements), four hand postures (e.g., using one hand to hold a model in the air), and eight gestures (e.g., using index finger to strike on a model) from the participants' exploration processes and aggregate their elicited input techniques. We derived key insights from our findings including: (1) design implications for I3M technologies, and (2) specific designs for interactions and functionalities for I3Ms.
Ready to Rent: Administrative Decisions and Poverty Governance in the Housing Choice Voucher Program

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Sociological studies of poverty governance investigate how state actors manage marginalized populations, regulate their participation in social institutions, and reform their behavior through systems of punishment and rewards. Research in this area considers a range of institutions involved in managing poverty, but it has largely ignored an institution omnipresent in the lives of the poor—public housing agencies (PHAs). Focusing on the Housing Choice Voucher program, the largest rental assistance program in the country, I examine discretionary choices made by PHAs that affect who gets access to rental assistance, how long clients have to wait, and what they must do to maintain their benefits. I ask how these administrative decisions create successive opportunities for state agencies to govern the poor. Drawing on interviews with agency officials, I describe a tripartite process of selecting market-ready households, engaging them in rituals of market formation, and utilizing market nudges to remind them of their responsibilities as market actors. This framework deepens sociological understandings of how local state agencies utilize discretionary choices in a resource-scarce, highly decentralized policy environment to evaluate, reform, and discipline the poor.
Electromagnetic instabilities in rotating magnetized viscous objects

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we study electromagnetic streaming instabilities in the thermal viscous regions of rotating astrophysical objects, such as magnetized accretion discs, molecular clouds, their cores and elephant trunks. The results obtained can also be applied to any regions of interstellar medium, where different equilibrium velocities between charged species can arise. We consider a weakly ionized multicomponent plasma consisting of neutrals and magnetized electrons, ions and dust grains. We take into account the effect of perturbation of collisional frequencies as a result of the density perturbations of species. We obtain general expressions for the perturbed velocities of species involving the thermal pressure and viscosity when perturbations propagate perpendicular to the background magnetic field. The dispersion relation is derived and investigated for axisymmetric perturbations. New compressible instabilities generated as a result of different equilibrium velocities of different charged species are found in the cold and thermal limits either when the viscosity of neutrals can be neglected or when it is important. The viscosity of magnetized charged species is negligible for the perturbations considered that have wavelengths much larger than the Larmor radius of species. At the same time, the neutrals are shown to be immobile in electromagnetic perturbations when their viscosity is sufficiently large.
Rehabilitation counseling and education: Career counseling suggestions for the profession

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The intent of this article is to explore the possibility of an opportunity structure for rehabilitation counselors that extends far beyond that which has previously been considered. The current trends that are enlarging the rehabilitation arena. Beyond this, however, career counseling principles are applied to the rehabilitation counseling profession itself. The authors ask, ``To what related and unrelated occupations might one transfer the skills of a trained rehabilitation counselor?'' The answers provide a more expansive view of the true opportunity structure for rehabilitation counselors. Implications for rehabilitation counselor education are addressed.
Family matters -- an examination of Worcester's Woodbury and Co. and its contribution to the printing industry.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This project is an interpretation and analysis of WPI's archived material on Woodbury and Company. This interpretation addresses the topics of family company dynamics, Worcester industrial history, and technological growth. Finally, it suggests areas of the collection for which more research can be done. The methodology used for this project was principally primary document analysis and the interviewing of company officials in order to supplement the collection with some oral history materials.
Deer mouse hemoglobin exhibits a lowered oxygen affinity owing to mobility of the E helix. Corrigendum

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

In the article by Inoguchi et al. (2013) the affiliation for two of the authors, Angela Fago and Roy E. Weber, was given incorrectly. The correct affiliation is Zoophysiology, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
Nociceptive Processing

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Chapter 2 describes the molecular events associated with pain signaling. The mechanisms associated with chemical, thermal, and mechanical pain signaling in the peripheral nerve endings are detailed. Molecular signaling mechanisms occurring in the spinal dorsal horn, including the primary afferent nociceptor, the inhibitory interneurons, and the descending on-cells and off-cells projecting from the nucleus raphe magnocellularis are described. Persistent increases in pain signaling resulting from inflammatory mediators are explained with reference to specific molecules. Signaling events at supraspinal levels, such as the thalamus, cortex, periaqueductal gray, and nucleus raphe magnus, including cannabinoids, opioids, and noradrenergic and serotonergic neurotransmitter events, are described as critical to pain pathways with relevance to potential pain therapies.
DOSIMETRIC STUDIES OF ERYTHEMA AND PIGMENTATION WITH LONG WAVELENGTH X RAYS

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A report is made about observations of the erythema and the pigment after 480 x-ray radiations with tungstenand copper-anode-soft-ray-tubes. The observed skin re actions show considerable deviations from the opinions in force at the moment about the relationship between the biological reaction and the physical radiation data. In the analysis of individual radiation reactions and in those summarized in comparable groups, the influence of the spectral composition of different radiations on the biological reaction is emphasized. The elementary importance of the knowledge of the absorption quota of a beam in the different tissue strata is elucidated, and from here an interpretation of the observed reaction phenomena was attempted. (auth)
Verification of Probabilistic Fracture Mechanics Analysis Code PASCAL Through Benchmark Analyses With FAVOR

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A probabilistic fracture mechanics (PFM) analysis code called PASCAL has been developed by the Japan Atomic Energy Agency to evaluate failure frequencies of Japanese reactor pressure vessels (RPVs) during pressurized thermal shock (PTS) events based on Japanese data and Japanese methods published for or provided in Japanese codes and standards. To verify this code, benchmark analyses were carried out using the FAVOR code, which was developed in the United States and has been utilized in nuclear regulation. The results of these analyses confirmed with great confidence the applicability of PASCAL to failure probability and frequency evaluation of Japanese RPVs. An outline of PASCAL, the benchmark analysis conditions and analysis results are reported in this paper.
R’WOT analysis applications relating to forestry organization and management in Turkey

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Bu çalışma; R’WOT tekniği uygulamasıyla, Türkiye ormancılık örgütüne ve yönetimine ilişkin mevcut sorunları belirlemek, çözüm önerilerini ortaya koymak, çağdaş ormancılık anlayışına uygun ormancılık örgütü ve orman kaynakları yönetim stratejilerinin geliştirilmesine katkıda bulunmak amacıyla yapılmıştır. Bu amaçla, Orman ve Su İşleri Bakanlığı ormancılık kesimiyle ilişkili olarak Türkiye’nin dokuz coğrafik bölgesinde; çalışanlar, konu uzmanları, ilgili kurum temsilcileri ve STK temsilcileri olmak üzere dört farklı ilgi grubundan toplam 565 denek ile SWOT anket uygulaması yapılmıştır. Bu çalışmalardan elde edilen veriler R’WOT tekniği uygulamasıyla değerlendirilerek Türkiye’deki ormancılık örgütünün ve yönetiminin mevcut durumu, sorunları ve çözüm önerileri belirlenmiştir. Buna göre, ormancılık örgütünde yönetici ve teknik eleman olarak çalışanlar “Tehditler” grubunu, konu uzmanları, ilgili kurum temsilcileri ve STK temsilcileri “Fırsatlar” grubunu en yüksek önceliğe sahip SWOT grupları olarak değerlendirmiştir. Ayrıca “ormancılığın güçlü ve tüm ülke sathına sahip olması” faktörü, örgüt çalışanları, ilgili kurum temsilcileri ve STK temsilcileri tarafından birinci öncelikli, konu uzmanları tarafından da ikinci öncelikli “Güçlü Yön” olarak; “liyakate ve uzmanlığa dayalı personel politikasının olmayışı, atama ve yükseltmelerde liyakat yerine siyasi etkenlerin ağır basması” faktörü bütün ilgi grupları tarafından birinci öncelikli “Zayıf Yön” olarak saptanmıştır. Keza “Fırsatlar” anlamında “tüm dünyada doğayla ilgili konuların ve çevresel değerlerin önem kazanmasının ormancılığa ilgiyi artırması” faktörü, “Tehditler” anlamında “orman ve ormancılık örgütü çalışanları üzerinde siyasi, bürokratik ve yerel baskıların olması” faktörü bütün ilgi grupları tarafından birinci öncelikli faktör olarak belirlenmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda, ormancılık örgütünün halen kurumsal bir yapıya oturtulamadığı ve etkili yönetilemediği ortaya konulmuş, yaşanan yönetim ve organizasyon sorunları belirlenmiş ve bu sorunların çözümüne yönelik öneriler geliştirilmiştir.
Disaster risks, disaster strikes and economic growth: the role of preferences

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper studies the role of preferences on the link between disasters and growth. An endogenous growth model with disasters is presented in which one can derive closed-form solutions with non-expected utility. The model distinguishes disaster risks and disaster strikes and highlights the numerous mechanisms through which they may affect growth. It is shown that separating aversion to risk from the elasticity of inter-temporal substitution bears critical qualitative implications that enable to better understand these mechanisms. In a calibration of the model, it is shown that for standard parameter values, the additional restriction imposed by the time-additive expected utility can also lead to substantial quantitative bias regarding optimal risk-mitigation policies and growth. The paper thus calls for a wider use of non-expected utility in the modeling of disasters, in particular with respect to environmental disasters and climate change.
Content-based Image Retrieval for Medicinal Plants Identification using Ensemble of SVM

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In order to protect human health, it is very importance to know medicinal plant accurately. The plant identification is not easy and time-consuming task because of diversity. This paper proposes content-based image retrieval (CBIR) for medicinal plant identification using ensemble of Support Vector Machine (SVM). This research developed computerized geometric morphometric method to extract global shape descriptor. We investigated the combination of leaf texture and leaf geometry features based on Fuzzy Local Binary Pattern (FLBP) and global shape descriptor. Weighted Similarity-based Combination method was used to combine the features. We evaluated 660 medicinal leaves images of 66 species. The experiment results show that SVM ensemble of multiple features has good performance with the accuracy of classification is 0.93. CBIR system is developed for medicinal plant identification. The average precision of the CBIR system is 0.913. The proposed method is promising and potential to identify medicinal plant automatically.
Cosmopolitan Radicalism: The Visual Politics of Beirut’s Global Sixties

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In her book, Cosmopolitan Radicalism: The Visual Politics of Beirut’s Global Sixties, Zeina Maasri examines the development of Beirut as a ‘nodal city’ (p. 8), a center for radical publishing in the Arab region during the ‘long 1960s.’ The region’s “global sixties” are defined as the period marked by 1958s anticolonial struggles and Cold War politics, through to Beirut’s place in anti-imperialist and Third Worldist politics and the Palestinian revolutionary project, to the start of the Lebanese Civil War in 1975. As Maasri shows, during this time Beirut encouraged the flow of radical visual and political discourses, shaped translocal aesthetic and political subjectivities, and, in turn, was shaped by them. At the core of the book’s argument is the critical role of the mobility of printed matter—magazines, books, and ephemera—to political relations and, as such, to the development of aesthetic and political subjectivities.
Peptidomic analysis of mycobacterial secreted proteins enables species identification

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Pulmonary disease arising from slow‐growing mycobacterial infections has emerged as an increasingly prevalent clinical concern over the past two to three decades. Proteins belonging to the family of ESAT‐6 secretion (Esx) systems play critical roles in the virulence of most pathogenic mycobacterial species and are associated with drug resistance. However, no clinical applications can detect and discriminate the expression of species‐specific variants of these proteins in clinical samples, such as early growth cultures, for rapid diagnosis of specific mycobacterial infections, which may require distinct interventions. Conventional immunoassay approaches are not suitable for this purpose due to the significant degree of conservation of Esx proteins among species. Herein we describe the development of a novel immunoprecipitation‐coupled mass spectrometry assay that can distinguish Esx proteins that are expressed by slow‐growing mycobacterial species commonly detected in clinical isolates. This approach uses custom antibodies raised against single semi‐conserved peptide regions in M. tuberculosis ( Mtb ) EsxB and EsxN to capture corresponding peptides from protein orthologs of mycobacteria associated with human respiratory infections, including Mtb, M. avium , M. intracellulare , M. kansasii , M. gordonae , and M. marinum , to detect these species in standard clinical cultures at the first sign mycobacterial growth to allow rapid disease diagnosis.
Employment, poverty and social exclusion

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

One in three people in employment is not enjoying the inclusionary benefits usually associated with paid work: they are in poverty, in poor quality jobs or in insecure employment. People in this group can be described as being in ‘exclusionary employment’. The people most at risk of exclusionary employment are those who are younger, are lone parents, have a health problem or disability which limits daily activity, have few qualifications, are in semi-routine or routine occupations or are working part-time. Some industries have much higher concentrations of exclusionary employment than others, notably the Wholesale & Retail and Accommodation & Food sectors where more than half of all workers are in exclusionary employment. For those in semi-routine or routine occupations, the risks of exclusionary employment are high in all industries. People in exclusionary employment are much more likely to be excluded in relation to the other domains examined here: health and well-being, social relations and participation, and housing and neighbourhood environment.
Precipitins against microbes in mouldy hay in the sera of farmers with farmer's lung or chronic bronchitis and of healthy farmers.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The aim of this study was to determine which precipitins against four antigens in 2,440 farmers are associated with the occurrence of farmer's lung (FL). The antigen panel consisted of mycelial antigens of Micropolyspora faeni, Thermoactinomyces vulgaris, Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus umbrosus. As reference groups we used healthy farmers and those with chronic bronchitis. For the occurrence of precipitins against the four antigens there was a statistically significant difference between farmers with FL and healthy farmers but not between farmers with chronic bronchitis and healthy farmers. In a stepwise logistic linear regression analysis, farmers with FL and chronic bronchitis were compared to healthy farmers with respect to precipitins to the four antigens. Precipitins against Thermoactinomyces vulgaris differentiated farmers with FL (p less than 0.05) but not farmers with chronic bronchitis from healthy farmers. In Finland the occurrence of FL seems to be associated mainly with precipitins against Thermoactinomyces vulgaris, not with precipitins against Micropolyspora faeni as in Great Britain, and not with precipitins of Aspergillus umbrosus, which occurred most frequently in the sera of Finnish farmers. This association is in accordance with the exposure to spores of airborne moulds in farmers' work environment, where spore concentrations of Thermoactinomyces vulgaris have been measured to be about six times higher than those of Micropolyspora faeni.
A Light-Promoted Innate Trifluoromethylation of Pyridones and Related N-Heteroarenes

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

We report a practical, light-mediated perfluoroalkylation using Langlois' reagent (sodium trifluoromethylsulfinate) that proceeds in the absence of any photocatalyst or additives. This method has allowed for the facile functionalization of pyridones and related N-heteroarenes such as azaindole. This protocol is operationally simple, uses readily available materials, and is tolerable for electron-neutral and -rich functional pyridones. Cyclic voltammetry was utilized as a mechanistic probe, and preliminary data suggest the reaction may involve an electrophilic radical mechanism.
Validity of Urinary Catheter Specimen for Diagnosis of Urinary Tract Infection in the Elderly

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Twenty elderly nursing home patients with long-term indwelling bladder catheters were studied to evaluate the validity of the microbiology of urine samples obtained from catheters that had not been changed for at least 30 days. Paired urine samples from "old" catheters and newly inserted catheters were compared for quantitative and qualitative microbiology. Urine microbiology for old catheters was highly sensitive but had poor specificity.