jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Comparison of calculated and measured peroxide data collected in marine air to investigate prominent features of the annual cycle of ozone in the troposphere

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Large amounts of data on the concentration of peroxides have been collected in vertical profiles over the North Atlantic Ocean by a Hercules aircraft. The measured peroxide concentrations have been compared with concentrations calculated by a simple algorithm derived assuming that the standing peroxide concentration is in equilibrium with its production and loss processes. In clean air where the peroxide and ozone concentrations are anticorrelated throughout the profile measured and calculated peroxide concentrations coincide, whereas in layers of polluted air within the profile, as determined from positive ozone peroxide correlations, calculated peroxide concentrations are greatly in excess of measured values. Using the degree of correlation between measured and calculated peroxide concentrations as a diagnostic, it is possible to show that many aspects of the seasonal cycle of ozone are caused by in situ tropospheric chemistry. Thus the summer minimum in the seasonal cycle of ozone, observed at clean marine ground‐based sites such as Mace Head, is due to photochemical destruction, and elevated levels of ozone are associated with the transport of polluted air, on occasion over thousands of kilometers. Of particular interest if our analysis is correct, the broad maximum of ozone occurring between March and May at ground‐based sites has a large contribution from ozone formed by tropospheric as well as stratospheric chemistry.
Thyristor Controlled Series Compensator-based Controller Design Employing Genetic Algorithm: A Comparative Study

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, genetic algorithm (GA) optmization technique is applied to design a Thyristor Controlled Series Compensator (TCSC)-based controller to enhance the power system stability. Two types of controller structures, namely a lead-lag (LL) and a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) are considered. Further, for the optimization of proposed controller parameters, two objective functions namely Integral Square Error (ISE) and Integral of Time-multiplied Absolute value of the Error (ITAE) are considered. The design problem of the proposed controller is formulated as an optimization problem and GA is employed to search for optimal controller parameters. A detailed analysis on the selection of objective function and controller structure on the effectiveness of the TCSC controller is carried out and simulation results are presented. The dynamic performances of both the LL and PID structured TCSC-controller are analyzed and compared under various disturbance conditions. It is observed that lead-lag structured TCSC controller where the controller parameters are optimized using ITAE as objective function, gives the best system response compared to all other alternatives.
27-hydroxycholesterol-3-sulfate: A new biomarker for human steroid sulfatase deficiency

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Conjugation of steroids with polar groups provides them with increased solubility in most biological fluids. In consequence, steroids are predominantly present in human blood and urine as sulfated compounds. The cycle of sulfonation-desulfonation is classically attributed to two types of enzymes: sulfotransferases (SULTs), which sulfonate hydroxyl groups of the steroids, and steroid sulfatase (STS), which releases the sulfate group to obtain the free active steroid.
Diagnotic procedure development to detect common point mutations in fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 tyrosine kinase domain (flt3-tkd)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is one of the high mortality-rate malignant hematological diseases. Mutations of tyrosine kinase receptors, including FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3), are involved in the constitutive enzymatic activation and abnormal differentiation of leukocytes as characterized in AML patients. The two most common FLT3 mutations, internal tandem duplications (ITD) and tyrosine kinase domain (TKD) single nucleotide substitutions, are considered poor prognosis factors affecting treatment decision for AML patients. Duplications of the juxtamembrane domain are found in 20-25% of AML patients with normal karyotype, while point mutations in the activation loop located within TKD are diagnosed in 7% cases. This study has successfully established and optimized a procedure to detect FLT3-TKD point mutations in codon 835 and 836 coding aspartic acid and isoleucine (D835 and I836, respectively) in 4 steps: (1) Amplification of a 114 bp - fragment of FLT3 gene with specific primers using polymerase chain reaction (PCR); (2) Digestion of the amplified fragment by EcoRV. (3) Electrophoresis of the digested products on 12% polyacrylamide gel; (4) Comparison of band pattern with the mutant and normal controls both generated in our laboratory. Preliminary screening of 126 Vietnamese AML patients revealed five mutations (4.0%), replacing G for T in codon 835.
Features and prospects of the development of social sphere of the village under conditions of decentralization: regional aspects

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Purpose. The purpose of the article is to reveal the peculiarities and substantiate the prospects for the development of the social sphere of the rural areas of the Western Polissia of Ukraine in the conditions of decentralization of management. Results. The peculiarities of the development of the social sphere of the rural areas of the studied region in the conditions of the decentralization reform in the country with the aim of forming effective local self-government and territorial organization of power in order to create and maintain a full-fledged living environment for villagers and provide high-quality and accessible public services are revealed. It was established that the priority tasks of social policy in the countryside in the conditions of decentralization should be: ensuring the solution of the basic problems of reproduction of people’s life activities (food, housing, health); infrastructure development (roads, transport, communications, public services); creation of conditions for development (education, science, culture, sports). Scientific novelty. It has been proven that in the conditions of decentralization transformations, in order to ensure the development of the social sphere, it is important to achieve balanced inter-budgetary relations, to combine the allocation of financial resources from the state budget and funds from local budgets, which will provide all the needs for the development of social infrastructure in the village. This will create ample opportunities to meet people’s needs in modern education, medicine, social, communal, administrative and other services. Practical value. The practical significance of the obtained results lies in the fact that the conclusions and well-founded proposals will ensure the development of such a level of social infrastructure in the village, which would ensure the satisfaction of the needs of local residents in basic household needs, administrative services and become a motivational incentive for the economically active population to live in rural areas.
Development and Implementation of Solar-Assisted Electric Bicycle with GPS Tracking Service over Cloud

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Urban air pollution due to vehicular emissions is now a major threat to the public's health. To address this problem, this paper proposes a design of solar-assisted electric bicycle with GPS tracking service over cloud. Our contribution in this work is twofold. Firstly, our design avoids costly customized devices and adopts commodity electronics and mechanical parts. Secondly, we have actually implemented a prototype of our design as proof of concept. We have also built a cloud-enabled prototype of the GPS tracker and mounted it on the bicycle so that the public can locate the bicycle's GPS coordinates through the accompanied smartphone APP.
Oral findings and craniofacial morphology in a patient with Schwartz‐Jampel syndrome and severe obstructive sleep apnea: A case report

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Abstract We reported dental and craniofacial characteristics of an SJS patient with severe OSA. Not only does the syndrome cause skeletal abnormalities and myotonia, but it also affects the craniofacial development resulting in a severe constriction of maxillary arch and bimaxillary retrognathia which may increase a risk to develop pediatric OSA.
Relation Between Dietary Energy Source and Body Fat Mobilisation and Blood Metabolites in Dairy Cows

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The characteristics of metabolic and reproductive disorders in early lactation suggest a role for the balance in availability of lipogenic and glycogenic nutrients (Van Knegsel et al., 2005; Reprod Nutr Dev 45, 665¿688). The objective of this study was to compare the effects of a glycogenic or a lipogenic diet on body weight change and metabolites in dairy cows in early lactation. Sixteen dairy cows were housed in climaterespiration chambers from week 2 to 9 postpartum (pp) and fed either a lipogenic or glycogenic diet. Diets were fed isocaloric. Mobilisation of body reserves was measured weekly. Blood was sampled weekly. Results are presented as LSMEANS ± SE. Cows fed a lipogenic diet mobilised more body fat (31.2 vs 18.6 kg), had higher non-esterified fatty acid levels (0.46 ± 0.04 vs 0.37 ± 0.04 mmol/ml, p = 0.09) and lower insulin levels (4.0 ± 0.5 vs 5.5 ± 0.6 lIU/ml, p = 0.04) than cows fed the glycogenic diet. No difference was found on b-hydroxybutyrate (2.2 ± 0.2 mmol/ml) and IGF-1 (16.4 ± 1.0 ng/ml). This suggests that the severity of body fat mobilisation and metabolic disorders in early lactation can be altered by feeding isocaloric diets differing in lipogenic and glycogenic nutrient content.
Understanding chemical conceptions in ninth grade of primary school

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In school year 2011-2012, 562 students in ninth grade (aged 15 years) all over Slovenia attended national competition in chemistry. From the analysis of the test results, their chemistry knowledge at different Bloom’s categories was identified. In teaching chemistry models are used for visualizing the sub-microscopic world of particles, therefore in the introduction the application of different types of models (model sets and virtual models) are presented and their application discussed. In the central part of the diploma thesis and results are presented in detail and discussed from different point of view. For the conclusion the observations and evaluation of the results according to different chemistry topics are presented.
Dynamics of the Woody Vegetation Along the Arkansas River in Western Kansas, 1870-01/01/1983

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Prior to 1880, the Arkansas River in western Kansas averaged 400m in width, and supported almost no riparian forest. The flow regime and the consequent geomorphology of the river were hypothesized to be the most important forces that restricted the growth of woody vegetation on the banks of the river. The subsequent influx of trees into the channel during the 20th century is correlated to the onset of irrigation, as the reductions in peak discharges enabled tree seedlings to become established in the channel. Until the turn of the century, farmers used only the surface flows of the river to irrigate. Irrigation with groundwater, and the construction of John Martin Reservoir on the upper Arkansas in 1943, also affected the flow regime and shrinkage of the channel. The woody vegetation in the valley probably reached a peak in areal extent during the late 1960's. Since 1970, exploitation of groundwater has dried the river through an 80 km reach, and has severely curtailed the establishment, growth, and survival of trees.
The Dynamic Simulation of Fruit Diameter of Peach in Water Stress

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

We have simulated the dynamic growth of peach fruit diameter by SPAC theory and fruit volume formula.It is showed that the fluctuation of fruit water potential is similar to sinusoid in clear days and mild variety in overcast days.The variety of fruit storage water has direct ratio to water potential variety rate.The growth of fruit diameter is fluctuant,which is maximal in dawn and minimal in dusk with smooth growth in night.The variety of fruit diameter is smaller in overcast days than clear days.The value of diameter and swing in drought stress treatment is smaller compared with that without treatment.The variety of diameter is caused by water potential which depends on weather factors,soil water potential and plant genotype.In the whole year the growth of fruit diameter takes on an“S”course which can be simulated by Logistic formula.
Helping Behavior, Dispositional Empathic Concern, and the Principle of Care

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This research investigates the relative strength of two correlates of helping behavior: dispositional empathic concern and a moral principle to care about others. The empathy–helping and care–helping relationships are investigated using data from the General Social Survey, a nationally representative random sample of the U.S. adult population. Ten helping behaviors are investigated. The results show that the care–helping relationship is stronger than the empathy–helping relationship for most helping behaviors, and that the empathy–helping relationship is mediated by the principle of care. That dispositional empathic concern is mediated by the principle of care requires new theoretical interpretations of the empathy–helping relationship, and suggests new directions for research on helping behavior.
Biological-Physical Coupling in the Gulf of Maine: Satellite and Model Studies of Phytoplankton Variability

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The goals of this project were to acquire, process, QC, archive and analyze SeaWiFS chlorophyll fields over the Gulf of Maine and Scotia Shelf region. The focus of the analysis effort was to calculate and quantify seasonality and interannual. variability of SeaWiFS-measured phytoplankton biomass in the study area and compare these to physical forcing and hydrography. An additional focus within this effort was on regional differences within the heterogeneous biophysical regions of the Gulf of Maine / Scotia Shelf. Overall goals were approached through the combined use of SeaWiFS and AVHRR data and the development of a coupled biology-physical numerical model.
The Europeanization of national foreign policy: explaining Greek support for Turkey’s EU accession

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Europeanization has been a fashionable term over the last decade. However, when it comes to foreign policy, extant work has produced inconsistent findings and few theoretical insights. This paper aims to fill this gap by constructing a synthetic theory which integrates into a 'thick rationalist' approach four mechanisms of Europeanization identified in the literature (policy adaptation, normative framing, differential empowerment, diplomatic coordination), and specifies a set of mediating conditions that can explain variations in the scope and direction of Europeanization. This theory is used in order to explain why Greece has become, since 1999, an active and solid supporter of Turkey's European Union (EU) membership prospect.
sj-docx-4-car-10.1177_19476035231205678 – Supplemental material for Osteochondral Allograft Transplantation in the Shoulder: A Systematic Review of Indications and Outcomes

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Supplemental material, sj-docx-4-car-10.1177_19476035231205678 for Osteochondral Allograft Transplantation in the Shoulder: A Systematic Review of Indications and Outcomes by Brian Prigmore, Suzanne Tabbaa and Dennis C. Crawford in CARTILAGE
Regression Analyses for Evaluating the Influence of Bacillus cereus on Alfalfa Yield Under Variable Disease Intensity

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

We developed and tested regression methods to exploit the variability in disease inherent in field experiments, and applied the methods to evaluate strains of Bacillus cereus for biocontrol efficacy. Four B. cereus strains were tested for their effect on alfalfa (Medicago sativa) performance in 16 field trials planted during 1993 to 1996 at multiple sites in Wisconsin. To evaluate performance of the strains, we used the ratio of (metalaxyl response)/(untreated control response) as a measure of disease intensity within the experiments. The ratio of (Bacillus response)/(untreated control response) was then regressed as a function of disease intensity. The slope of the resulting line provides a statistical test to compare performance of the Bacillus strain with that of the untreated seed (H o : slope = 0) and metalaxyl controls (H o : slope = 1). Under conditions in which disease occurred, forage yield of plots planted with seed treated with B. cereus strain AS4–12 exceeded yield from the untreated control plots (P = 0.002) and was similar to yield of plots planted with metalaxyl-treated seed (P = 0.14). Yield gain associated with AS4–12 and metalaxyl seed treatment averaged 6.1 ± 2.8% (±standard error) and 3.0 ± 2.8%, respectively. In contrast to the regression approach, means analysis by analysis of variance did not detect differences among treatments. Three other B. cereus strains either did not increase alfalfa yield or increased yield less than did AS4–12. Metalaxyl and three of the Bacillus strains increased seedling emergence, but the improved stands were not predictive of increased forage yield. In six additional studies conducted for one season in 1997, AS4–12 enhanced yield of two cultivars at diverse locations in Wisconsin, but there was an apparent cultivar-location interaction. A strong correlation between response to AS4–12 and metalaxyl treatment suggests that these treatments controlled similar pathogens, most likely the oomycete pathogens Phytophthora medicaginis and Pythium spp.
Homelessness in the Valley

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In today’s society, there is a common belief that homeless people are the problem and that they have services at their disposal to end their homelessness. Yet, there is little consideration given to how society has influenced this population. Homelessness is a serious problem nationwide and is also a challenge to resolve once you have found yourself within the homeless community. It is important not to judge each homeless individual’s situation the same. The demographics of the homeless population is just as diverse as the factors that led to their homelessness. This paper examined the available literature on the contributing factors of homelessness in Las Vegas, specifically subpopulations such as veterans, victims of domestic violence, and LGBTQ youth. The research conferred here shows that there is very little research conducted on the homeless population in Las Vegas.
Organisational structures for a functional campus community

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This thesis investigates and proposes a new organisational structure for making a step change improvement in the university’s campus community. The study is relevant to all students and to staff, but it is particularly concerned with international students and their social experience whilst on campus in the UK. \n \n \nThe University of Huddersfield data was collected from three years of the International Student Barometer and Student Barometer, where we clearly identified that there was an issue to address. I also used interviews with staff of other universities in Manchester, Leeds and Sheffield to gather comparative data used and my own personal experiences of organising and taking part in many campus events whilst working as an Event Coordinator and in the Students’ Union at the University of Huddersfield. \n \n \nUniversities tend to be very thoughtful about the academic experience on campus, but often the social experience gets overlooked. This is a pity, as a strong campus community and a good social experience can contribute so much to supporting the academic experience. My findings show that poor cooperation and communication in the University is currently the biggest problem and is caused by the geographical and structural separation of departments, their students and activities, resulting in a dysfunctional social management structure and not cohesive campus community. The university actively supports individuals and small groups quite well, but in some ways this bottom-up approach is an obstacle to creating a strong, inclusive and more cohesive campus community. In my conclusions I point the way towards many changes in communications, structure, planning of social programmes and cooperation at the University that could improve and build a much stronger campus community from the top-down. More importantly, in order that responsibility for the campus social experience is shared by all, and so that we have a single cohesive programme, the formation of a new Active Campus Team is recommended. This team would be responsible for all social events and projects organised on the campus, whilst supporting many active sub-groups, and this would bring staff and students together into a single cohesive, functioning campus community.
Critical role of PPARγ in water balance

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR-ACTIVATED receptor (PPAR)-␥ is one of the three PPAR subtypes (PPAR␣, PPAR␤/␦, and PPAR␥) that are ligand-activated transcription factors that belong to the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily (7,12,13,19).Far beyond the stimulation of peroxisome proliferation in rodents after which they were initially named, PPARs control the transcription of large number of genes involved in diverse physiological processes, such as metabolism of glucose and lipids, adipogenesis, insulin sensitivity, immune response, cell growth and differentiation, as well as pathophysiological conditions, such as metabolic syndrome, oxidative stress, inflammation, atherosclerosis and cancer, etc.In line with their diverse functions, PPARs present in a large variety of cell types and tissues, including in the kidneys, and have been shown to participate in the regulation of fluid homeostasis (2,3,7,14,19).Among the three PPARs, the role of PPAR␥ in fluid homeostasis has been most extensively investigated.Mostly utilizing the agonist of PPAR␥, studies have demonstrated that activation of PPAR␥ promotes fluid retention by stimulating sodium reabsorption in the kidneys through different mechanisms involving epithelial sodium channels (ENaC), Na ϩ /K ϩ -ATPase, Na ϩ /H ϩ exchangers, and Na ϩ -HCO 3