jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Influence of the pineal gland on the physiology, morphometry and morphology of pancreatic islets in rats

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

To investigate the influence of the pineal gland through melatonin secretion on the physiological and morphological parameters of pancreatic islets, we studied the plasma biochemistry and morphological and morphometric characteristics of the endocrine pancreas of male Wistar rats. The animals were distributed into five groups of ten rats each: NC - normal control group; NS - sham-operated group; Px (25) - pinealectomised group, studied 15-25 days after surgery; Px (70) - pinealectomised group, studied 60-70 days after surgery; ALX - alloxan monohydrate-treated group. Data are analyzed statistically by ANOVA and by the Kruskal-Wallis test. Although there was no significant difference in plasma glucose or insulin levels between the Px (25), Px (70) and NC groups, Px (25) animals showed a tendency to increased glucose and reduced insulin levels. The ALX group showed a clear elevation of plasma glucose and a reduction of plasma insulin compared to the other groups. Morphometric analysis showed a larger pancreatic islet area and a lower pancreatic islet density in the pancreas of Px (70) animals and an increase in degenerative pathological processes in the pancreatic islets of the Px (25) and ALX groups. The present results suggest that melatonin, in addition to acting on tissue sensitivity to insulin (as reported in other studies), affects the secretory action of beta cells, as demonstrated by the morphological and morphometric changes observed in pinealectomised animals.
20. Collective Redundancies

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This chapter examines the law on collective dismissals, which involve the large-scale off-loading of labour by an employer. It first considers the key provisions of the Collective Redundancies Directive. In particular, it focuses on the meaning of ‘collective redundancies’ and discusses the basic obligations of the employer, namely consultation and notification. It then turns to Chapter II Part IV of the Trade Union and Labour Relations (Consolidation) Act 1992 (TULRCA); the nature and extent of the employer’s obligations; and the consequences when the employer fails to comply with the statutory information and consultation procedures in section 188 of TULRCA.
Contraband, free ports, and British merchants in the Caribbean world, 1739-1772

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article examines the evolution of contraband to legitimate trade in the eighteenth century Caribbean world during the War of Jenkins’ Ear and Seven Years’ War. It focuses on the informal networks of the British South Sea Company and the trade of informal actors. The article explores how British legislators shifted Jamaican and Dominican colonial economies away from contraband trade by opening free ports in 1766. The British Parliament passed the Free Port Act of Jamaica and Dominica following Danish and Dutch colonial efforts to crack down on contraband trade in the Caribbean world. This transition from contraband to legitimate trade enabled British merchants to engage in free trade by importing and exporting an assortment of commodities and enslaved people to and from Jamaica to other colonies in the Caribbean world.
DNA Barcoding and Taxonomic Challenges in Describing New Putative Species: Examples from Sootywing and Cloudywing Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

DNA barcoding has resulted in the ‘discovery’ of a vast number of new species and subspecies. Assigning formal scientific names to these taxa remains a major challenge. Names sometimes are newly designated. Alternatively, available valid names can be resurrected from synonymy, based on barcode analyses together with classical taxonomic characters. For the most part, however, new putative species revealed by barcoding studies go undescribed. This situation is most often attributed to insufficient taxonomic expertise with the authors conducting the study, together with a critical lack of formally trained taxonomists. However, even with formal training, and additional supportive data from morphological, ecological or life history characters, other factors can arise that impede new species descriptions. In the present paper, several specific taxonomic challenges that have arisen from barcode analyses in two groups of skipper butterflies (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae), the Sootywings (Pholisora catullus and P. mejicanus) and the Coyote Cloudywing (Achalarus toxeus) are highlighted and discussed. Both P. catullus and A. toxeus show relatively large intraspecific genetic divergences of barcodes (2–3%) which suggests the possibility of previously unrecognized cryptic speciation within each group. Some of the challenges to providing formal names and clarifying taxonomic status of these cryptic taxa could be largely overcome by (1) barcoding type specimens, (2) clarifying imprecise and often vague or suspect type localities, and (3) by conducting in-depth comparative studies on genitalic morphology.
Environmental factors influence on leeches distribution in the middle reaches of the Irtysh River

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The Irtysh River is a transboundary watercourse that exhibits a wide range of climatic conditions, environments and ecological niches. As a result of the technogenic impact of industrial enterprises on surface and underground waters all the main tributaries of the middle reaches of the river Irtysh are in different degrees of pollution. Due to the impact of sewage and other wastes from the mining and metallurgical industry, in the waters of the river basin Irtysh the concentration excess of a number of toxic metals is observed. Among the invertebrates used to assess the state of natural waters, representatives of the Annelida type are often used. Since annelids are among the most common organisms on Earth, this makes it possible to study them in many regions and to assess the specificity of the impact and compare the impact of various pollutants in similar natural and climatic zones. It is known that the distribution of freshwater leeches is largely determined by natural and climatic conditions, landscape characteristics and the specifics of trophic connections, etc. In this case, the most important parameters are the physicochemical properties of water. This paper provides information on the factors influencing the species composition and structural indicators of leech communities living in the middle reaches of the Irtysh River.
Heavy metals in muscle tissues and organs of fish species from Lake Baihua

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Concentrations and distribution characteristics of six heavy metals(Pb,Cd,Cu,Cr,As and Hg) in Hypophthalmichthys molitrix and Cyprinus carpio sampled from Baihua Lake were studied by analysis of these heavy metals in their organs(gills,liver,kidney and heart) and muscle tissues(back muscle,abdominal muscle and tail muscle),and their associations with these heavy metals in the water were also examined.The results showed that the average levels of these heavy metals in H.molitrix and C.carpio decreased in the order of Cu Pb Cr Cd As Hg;and Cr and Cu showed a significant correlation in the four organs of H.molitrix and C.carpio with the correlation coefficients of r = 0.878(P 0.01) and r = 0.972(P0.01) respectively,while Cr and Hg in C.carpio presented only a negative correlation with the coefficient of r = 0.782(P0.05).There were significant correlations between concentrations of the heavy metals in the organs of these fish species,but the average levels of these heavy metals in each organ presented low correlations with those in the sediment and overlying water samples.A cluster analysis showed that the six heavy metals in the two fish bodies could be divided into three categories.The content of as in the heart of C.carpio was relatively high,but the content of as in the different organs of H.molitrix had little difference.The level of Hg was relatively uniform in the organs and tissues of the two fish species,the content of these six heavy metals in edible muscle tissue of the fish was generally low.Since heavy metals in sediments from Baihua Lake mainly existed as sulfide compounds that were of low bioavailability,the fish species in this lake were not polluted severely with heavy metals.
Informing the Jury of the Legal Effect of Special Verdict Answers in Comparative Negligence Actions

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The doctrine of comparative negligence has gained increasing popularity among legal commentators, state courts, and legislatures as a means of mitigating the harshness of the common law contributory negligence defense.A system of contributory negligence completely bars a plaintiff from recovery against a negligent defendant if the plaintiffs negligence is a proximate cause of his damages. 5A system of comparative negligence apportions the relative negligence of the parties and reduces the plaintiffs recovery according to his degree of fault. 6 Although the defense of contributory negligence remains under the comparative negligence system, the plaintiff's negligence reduces, rather than bars, his award of damages. 7 The comparative negligence system is fairer than the system based on the all-or-nothing contributory negligence defense because under the former a negligent plaintiff may recover for damages proximately caused by the defendant's negligence.Jurisdictions have adopted the principle of comparative negligence by statutory enactments and judicial decision. 9In addition, a number 5. Butterfield v. Forrester, 103 Eng.Rep. 926 (K.B. 1809).To ameliorate the unfairness of the all-or-nothing defense, numerous exceptions have been carved out of the contributory negligence doctrine.
Clinical characteristics and prognosis of 137 postoperative triple-negative breast cancer patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective:To study the clinical features and prognosis of patients with triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC) who received postoperative adjuvant therapies.Methods: Between May 2003 and December 2008,a total of 137 TNBC patients who received surgical procedure were included in this study.The clinical features,long-term survival and treatment outcomes were retrospectively evaluated.Results: The median age of the 137 patients varying from clinical stage I to III was 50 years old.Among the 137 patients,95.6% had invasive ductal carcinomas,7.5% was classified over T3,and 51.1% was with positive lymph nodes.The median follow-up period was 63 months(34-100 months),and the 5-year disease-free survival(DFS) was 59.1%.The 5-year DFS of patients treated with anthracycline-based regimens was higher than those treated with the regimens containing cyclophosphamide,methotrexate,and fluorouracil(P=0.038).The tumor size,lymph nodes status,the number of the adjuvant chemotherapy cycles,and chemotherapy regimens were correlated with DFS by univariate analysis.Furthermore,lymph nodes status was demonstrated to be an independent prognostic factor by multivariate Cox regression analysis.Conclusion: TNBC has distinctive clinicopathological features.
Specific Modification of Hepatic Triglyceride Lipase Activity by Ultracentrifugally Separated Serum Lipoprotein Fractions

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Hepatic triglyceride lipase (H-TGL) obtained from postheparin plasma is first stimulated and than progressively inhibited by addition of an increasing amount of serum. To solve the mechanism of this modification, serum fractions isolated by ultracentrifugation were added to the assay mixture and their effects on H-TGL activity were determined. We demonstrated that the addition of the d=1.21 bottom fraction together with HDL almost fully reproduces the effect of the whole serum.
An integrated peridynamics-finite volume based multi-phase flow, geomechanics and hydraulic fracture model

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Hydraulic fracturing in unconventional reservoirs exhibits several interesting phenomena including the interaction of hydraulic fractures with multi-scale heterogeneities such as natural fractures, stress/barrier layers, bedding planes, shale laminations, and mineralogy. Moreover, hydraulic fractures originating from different clusters or stages in a multi-stage, multi-cluster treatment interact among themselves. Mathematical models, with various degrees of numerical complexity, are developed for gaining better insights into the physics governing these phenomena. Peridynamics-based hydraulic fracturing model developed by Ouchi (2016) has been demonstrated to capture all of these phenomena. However, its major drawback is that it is computationally expensive. In this dissertation, we have extended the capabilities of the model to multi-phase flow and made it significantly faster by coupling it with the less expensive Finite Volume Method. The single-phase peridynamics flow model for slightly compressible, Newtonian fluids has been generalized for multiphase, multicomponent flow of compressible, non-Newtonian fluids. The generalized flow model has been coupled with the fracturing model and compared with laboratory experiments performed under low confining stresses. The extended model is also applied to simulate the growth of fractures from a new (child) well in the presence of depleted regions created by production from the fractures of an old (parent) well under high confining stresses. The interaction of a hydraulic fracture (HF) with a natural fracture (NF) is investigated. Remote shear failure of the NF due to the pororelastic stress changes caused by the propagating HF are considered. Consistent with the experiments, the remote shear failure is shown to result in the bending of the HF towards the NF before intersecting with it. Accounting for the effects of remote shear failure and poroelasticity, numerical crossing criteria for the HF-NF interaction are developed. The hydraulic fracturing model based on peridynamics (PD) theory is coupled with the less expensive Finite Volume Method (FVM), following the PD-FEM coupling method proposed by Galvanetto et al. (2016). Significant improvements in computational performance are achieved by the coupled model relative to the pure PD-based model, without compromising the unique original capabilities. By monitoring material damage in remote heterogeneous regions, a workflow for estimating the extent of the Stimulated Reservoir Volume (SRV) around a primary hydraulic fracture is developed. A sensitivity study for the effects of elastic properties of the formation, injection rate, and the reservoir fluid type on SRV extent is presented
Transition in Broiler Production: The Technological Breakthrough of Environment Controlled Rearing in Kolar District, Karnataka, India

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This study examines the transition from conventional poultry farming to Environment Controlled (EC) systems in the Kolar district of Karnataka during the period of October to December 2024, with a focus on evaluating key performance indicators such as feed conversion ratio (FCR), profitability, mortality rates, energy consumption, and flocking density. Data were collected through expert consultations and discussions with poultry integrators. The findings indicate significant improvements in operational efficiency: FCR improved from 1.9 to 1.5, mortality rates declined from 11 per cent to 5 per cent, and flocking density increased from 7–9 to 13–15 birds per square meter. Furthermore, reductions in water usage and labor requirements were observed, alongside shorter broiler growth cycles (32–35 days), facilitating an increased number of production cycles annually. Theoretically, the study contributes to literature on sustainable livestock practices, while its practical implications highlight the potential of EC systems to enhance farm productivity and resource use efficiency. The originality of the study lies in its empirical analysis of EC adoption in a regional context. However, further research is recommended to explore long-term impacts and the broader applicability of EC technologies in varied agricultural settings.
Computational Intelligence Approach for Discovering\= the Prediction Model of Financial Market

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The nature of the stock market data is briefly discussed first. It follows a brief discussion on the nature of the methodology of computational intelligence and their application perspectives for data mining. An experimental system for discovering the trend of market price changing and the prediction model from the stock exchange data records are proposed, in which, the training parameters of a neural network are optimized and defined by running the genetic algorithm along with the training procedure of the neural network. The ideas of design and the techniques of implementation are described in detail in this paper. Taking arbitrary the Shanghai First Department Store for case study, the experimental results are given finally.
[7-15N]guanosine-labeled oligonucleotides as a nuclear magnetic resonance probe for protein-nucleic acid interaction in the major groove

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT[7-15N]guanosine-labeled oligonucleotides as a nuclear magnetic resonance probe for protein-nucleic acid interaction in the major grooveWalter Massefski Jr., Alfred Redfield, Ujjayini Das Sarma, Avijit Bannerji, and Siddhartha RoyCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 13, 5350–5351Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00169a052https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00169a052research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views427Altmetric-Citations27LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Multiple Andreev reflections in a quantum dot coupled to superconductors: Effects of spin-orbit coupling

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We study the out-of-equilibrium current through a multilevel quantum dot contacted to two superconducting leads and in the presence of Rashba and Dresselhaus spin-orbit couplings, in the regime of strong dot-lead coupling. The multiple Andreev reflection (MAR) subgap peaks in the current voltage characteristics are found to be modified (but not suppressed) by the spin-orbit interaction, in a way that strongly depends on the shape of the dot confining potential. In a perfectly isotropic dot the MAR peaks are enhanced when the strength $α_R$ and $α_D$ of Rashba and Dresselhaus terms are equal. When the anisotropy of the dot confining potential increases the dependence of the subgap structure on the spin-orbit angle $θ=\arctan(α_D/α_R)$ decreases. Furthermore, when an in-plane magnetic field is applied to a strongly anisotropic dot, the peaks of the non-linear conductance oscillate as a function of the magnetic field angle, and the location of the maxima and minima allows for a straightforward read-out of the spin-orbit angle $θ$.
A novel 6-SPS spherical platform parallel robotic mechanism and analysis of its local properties of force and motion transmission

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The design of a novel 6-SPS spherical platform 6-DOF orthogonal parallel robotic mechanism is presented. The layout feature of the mechanism is described. Its local properties of the force and motion transmission and the relationships between the properties and the link lengths are studied, which provides theoretical base for the optimal design and application of the mechanism. From the analysis of the results obtained by us, it is shown that its properties of the force and motion transmission are characterized by isotropy at the orthogonal configuration. The mechanism is particularly suitable for certain applications in 6-DOF micromanipulators and 6-axis force/torque transducers.
Apocalypse in world fisheries? The reports of their death are greatly exaggerated

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Daan, N., Gislason, H., Pope, J. G., and Rice, J. C. 2011. Apocalypse in world fisheries? The reports of their death are greatly exaggerated. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 68: 1375–1378. The catch-based methods underlying the forecast that by 2048 all commercially exploited stocks will have collapsed have been severely criticized, and a recent and more-elaborate analysis by a group of scientists that included the lead author of the original article has led to a quite different interpretation. Nonetheless, the 2006 forecast of a forthcoming apocalypse in the oceans is still uncritically referred to by critics of current management and fisheries science. In the title, the quote by Mark Twain is paraphrased to underline the fact that this prediction is both technically and conceptually flawed: (i) any series of random numbers subjected to the algorithm underlying the prediction will show a pattern similar to that observed in catch statistics; (ii) this pattern should be accounted for in making predictions; and (iii) interpreting the period of maximum harvest in a time-series as generally reflecting a period during which a stock was fully exploited is incorrect, because history often has shown that these maximum yields were taken during a period of overexploitation and could not have been sustainable.
Clarification of the taxonomic status and distribution of a number of Asian species of the tribe Rhamphini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Curculioninae)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract The taxonomic status of a number of Eastern and Central Asian species of the tribe Rhamphini are clarified. Five new synonymies are proposed: Amurorchestes Legalov, 2007 syn. n. and Granulorchestes Legalov, 2007 syn. n. of Orchestes ( Salius ), Rhynchaenus guliensis L. Yang & Dai, 1991 syn. n. of O. amplithorax Faust, 1882, R . maculosus L. Yang & X. Zhang, 1991 syn. n. of O. fasciculatus Faust, 1882, and R. empopulifolis Y-Q. Chen & L. Zhang, 1988 syn. n. of R. seriatosetosus Ter-Minasian, 1953. Two new combinations are introduced: Pseudorchestes (s. str.) tianschanicus (Bajtenov & Kazakova, 1971) comb. n. and Tachyerges seriatosetosus (Ter-Minasian, 1953) comb. n. Orchestes ( Salius ) variegatus Roelofs, 1875 stat. rest. was restored from synonymy with O. mutabilis Boheman, 1843. Due to its important economic significance as a pest of poplars, T. seriatosetosus is completely redescribed and illustrated in detail. Also, Tachyerges nakamurai (Morimoto & Miyakawa, 1996) is recorded for the first time for Russia and for the continental part of Asia, O. harunire (Morimoto, 1984) for Russia, T. seriatosetosus – for Turkmenistan.