jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF MEDICATED JELLY OF BITTER DRUGS

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Present study was aimed to formulate and evaluate medicated Jelly of Bitter drugs i.e. Ofloxacin and Ornidazole. For taste masking of Ofloxacin, ion-exchange resin method was used. The resins like Indion 204, Indion 214 and Tulsion 335 was tested at various ratios. Based on the results Tulsion 335 with the ratio 1:1.5 was selected for complexation. For taste masking of Ornidazole, addition of sweetening agent method was used. The slurry was prepared using Sorbitol 70%, Polyethylene glycol 400 and Glycerin in the concentration of 10%, 6% and 7% respectively. It was observed that the batch F7 containing 0.4% Xanthan gum, 0.5% Carrageenan and 0.3% sodium citrate and shows satisfactory results. The optimized formulation F7 evaluated which shows satisfactory results. pH of the maximum stability of Ofloxacin and Ornidazole in aqueous phase is in between 5 to 6. The drug content of jelly of batches F1 to F9 was evaluated by HPLC method. The results are between 97.00% to 103.00% for Ofloxacin and 95.00 % to 104.00 for Ornidazole. The dissolution studies of the Medicated jelly for all the formulations show more than 70% drug release at 20 minutes time point and complete drug release within 45 minutes. The optimized formulation F7 kept for the three month at storage condition and it was evaluated with similar test as per initial analysis which shows satisfactory results.
Clinical effect of SMILE and FS-LASIK and the effect on the stability of cornea and tear film

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

AIM: To explore the clinical effect of small incision lenticule extraction(SMILE)and femtosecond laser in situ keratomileusis(FS-LASIK)in correcting high myopia and the effect on cornea and tear film stability. METHODS: Totally 120 patients with high myopia treated in the hospital from August 2016 to February 2017 were selected as the research subjects. According to the surgical methods, the patients were divided into SMILE group and FS-LASIK group, 67 cases 134 eyes in SMILE group and, and 53 cases 106 eyes in FS-LASIK group. Group SMILE was treated with SMILE, and group FS-LASIK was treated by FS-LASIK. The influence of normal vision and stability of cornea and tear film. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in uncorrected visual acuity(UCVA), best corrected visual acuity(BCVA)and diopter between two groups after 1mo and 3mo(P>0.05). There was no significant difference in BUT and SⅠt between the two groups of patients before and 1mo after operation(P>0.05). After 3mo between the two groups, BUT and SⅠt in the two groups were statistically different, and the SMILE group was significantly better than the FS-LASIK group(P<0.001). There was no significant difference between the two groups of corneal thinning point and posterior vertex height at preoperative and postoperative 1 and 3mo(P>0.05). CONCLUSION: SMILE and FS-LASIK are equally safe and effective and have good predictability and stability. The postoperative tear film stability is superior to FS-LASIK, and there is no significant difference in the biomechanical stability of the two kinds of methods.
Dominican Legendaries and the Legenda Aurea

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The Dominican legendaries composed in the thirteenth century include Bartolomeo da Trento's Liber Epilogorum in Gesta Sanctorum, Jean de Mailly's Abbreviatio in Gestis et Miraculis Sanctorum, and Jacob of Voragine's Legenda Aurea, or Golden Legend. Bartolomeo da Trento emphasizes the maternal aspects of Perpetua, while Jean de Mailly and Jacob of Voragine return to the late antique Acta Perpetuae as their source, removing any empathic elements of Perpetua's character, and instead, representing her as an unattainable ideal, suitable for admiration but not imitation. The Golden Legend was a wildly popular book in the later Middle Ages, and as a result, the version of Perpetua's story told by Jacob of Voragine becomes the dominant one for the next 250 years.
[Clinical study of the application of the concepts of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) in liver cirrhosis with or without hepatocellular carcinoma with upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage--a retrospective study].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The retrospective study was aimed at assessing the usefulness of the application of the criteria of SIRS for identifying a subset of patients with higher mortality in 22 cases (21 patients) of liver cirrhosis with upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage (GIH) and 16 cases (14 patients) of liver cirrhosis with hepatocellular carcinoma with upper GIH. The following results were obtained; (1) The incidence of SIRS on upper GIH was 66%. (2) The mortality rate in patients with SIRS on GIH was significantly higher than in patients with non-SIRS on GIH in 60 days after GIH was significantly higher than in patients with non-SIRS on GIH in 60 days after GIH (50% vs. 8%; p < 0.01). (3) The rate of patients who met four criteria of SIRS on GIH or during admission and of patients whose durations of SIRS was over 5 days was significantly higher in the died patients with SIRS on GIH than in the survived patients with SIRS on GIH (67% vs. 0%; p < 0.01, 67% vs. 0%; p < 0.01, respectively). These results suggested that the application of the criteria of SIRS was useful for identifying a subset of patients with higher mortality in chronic liver disease with GIH.
Geometallurgical modelling techniques applicable to pre-feasibility projects: La Colosa case study

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

La Colosa is a world-class porphyry Au project located in Colombia, currently undergoing pre-feasibility analysis. As part of collaboration between AngloGold Ashanti and the AMIRA P843A GeMIII Project, the application of emerging geometallurgical characterisation testing and modelling tools has been incorporated in early stages of project development. The aim of the geometallurgical study is to map inherent comminution variability across the La Colosa deposit providing information critical for mine/mill design and optimisation. In this study, site-based data incorporating multi-element assays, QXRD bulk mineralogy measurements, EQUOtip rebound hardness data, and routine geological logging information from 59 diamond drill holes has been integrated with a range of geometallurgically specific comminution test (i.e. GeMCi, A*b, BMWi). The work in this paper demonstrates the integration techniques used at La Colosa to link routine data acquisition methods with comminution test results through the development of proxy support models. The integration incorporates a range of statistical techniques including principal component analysis and regression modelling. By creating proxy models, comminution index estimates can be propagated into the geological database enabling comminution processing domains to be defined. These domains provide the first spatial representation of comminution performance and variability at La Colosa and can be compared against traditional geological domains. This study provides the foundation for ongoing comminution characterisation as the La Colosa project evolves through project cycles into an operational mine.
Analysis of focal length of blue-phase liquid crystal (BPLC) cylindrical lens for the light of the various incident angles and polarisations

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Horizontally non-uniform electric field along the vertical direction inside blue-phase liquid crystal (BPLC) layer induces the Gradient index (GRIN) lens effect. Dependence of lens performance on the incident angle and polarisation is investigated by calculating the spatial phase distribution and the direction of wave front for lights passing through the BPLC layer. The calculated trajectories of light rays show that the focal distance for e-wave is less affected by the incidence angle than the focal distance of the o-wave. This can be attributed to the fact that steepness of spatial distribution of the effective refractive index for e-wave decreases for the larger incident angles.
Inhibitors of Histone Deacetylation Downregulate the Expression of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase and Compromise Endothelial Cell Function in Vasorelaxation and Angiogenesis

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor trichostatin A (TSA) inhibits hypoxia-stimulated angiogenesis. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS)–derived NO is central to angiogenesis signaling in endothelial cells (ECs). We hypothesized that the HDAC-dependent regulation of angiogenesis may involve a modulatory effect on eNOS expression. The HDAC inhibitors TSA, butyric acid (BuA), and MS-275 time- and concentration-dependently suppressed eNOS protein levels to 41±2%, 46±12%, and 40±12% of control, respectively. In parallel, TSA and BuA also downregulated eNOS mRNA expression to 21±4% and 37±4% of control. TSA also attenuated the NO-dependent relaxation of porcine coronary arteries ( P <0.0001, TSA 1 μmol/L) and prevented tube formation in a human angiogenesis assay. Although vascular endothelial growth factor substitution did not compensate for the inhibitory effect of TSA, exogenous NO reversed the inhibition of angiogenesis by TSA. To address the underlying signaling mechanism, we characterized the effect of TSA on eNOS gene transcription and mRNA half-life. Although TSA decreased both eNOS protein and mRNA levels, TSA paradoxically enhanced the activity of the eNOS promoter, and did not alter the eNOS transcription rate in nuclear run-on experiments, suggesting that TSA posttranscriptionally targets eNOS mRNA. These data indicate that HDAC-dependent mechanisms contribute to the regulation of eNOS expression in ECs.
THE STONE AGE IN THE AEGEAN

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The existence of a Neolithic culture in the Aegean area was first recognized during the opening years of this century—at Dhimini and Sesklo in Thessaly by Staïs and Tsountas, in the regions of Elatea and Chaeronea (in Phocis and Boeotia respectively) by Soteriades, at Boeotian Orchomenus by a Bavarian expedition, at Cnossus in Crete by Evans. Within the first decade the picture of that culture was already filled in in considerable detail and subsequent excavations supplied it with both breadth and depth. But while stone artefacts of pre-Neolithic types were thought to have been found at times on the Greek mainland, no stratified remains surely of Palaeolithic or Mesolithic types were found until 1941, when Stampfuss cut a trench into the fill of the Seidi Cave, located at the south-east corner of the Copaïc Basin, about two miles east of Haliartus. Only then was it fairly certain that men in the food-gathering, rather than the food-producing, stage had lived in Greece, but the exact date of these finds remained in question. It was the work of Milojčić and the German expedition to Thessaly which first lengthened enormously the record of human occupation in Greece, with the discovery in 1956 of an Aceramic Neolithic culture at Argissa and then, in 1958, with the location of numerous sites of Middle and Late Palaeolithic occupation along the Peneus River west of Larissa.’ These have been followed by similar discoveries in other parts of the Aegean as well as in Thessaly, and by a re-appraisal of earlier reports, so that a somewhat continuous sequence covering perhaps as much as 100,000 years now begins to take shape.
Metabolic substrates alter attachment and differentiated functions of proximal tubule cell culture.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Proximal tubules cultured in vitro gradually lose their differentiated functions. Because standard culture media lacks several substrates important for renal proximal tubule oxidative metabolism, whether a mixture of substrates including butyrate, alanine, and lactate (BAL) would modify growth and/or differentiated function of proximal tubular cells in culture was examined. Tubules cultured in media supplemented with 2 mM butyrate, alanine, and lactate exhibited enhanced attachment but did not exhibit an altered growth rate. Higher levels of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and leucine-amino peptidase were sustained, although these activities were still diminished in comparison with that in fresh tubules. Sodium-dependent glucose uptake and dome formation--other reflections of epithelial cell differentiated function--also were enhanced. These studies demonstrate that the substrates used to culture proximal tubules can modify both their attachment and their manifestation of differentiated function in culture.
Comparison of fluticasone propionate and budesonide on COPD macrophage and neutrophil function

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Kylie BR Belchamber, Catherine MR Thomas, Amy E Dunne, Peter J Barnes, Louise E Donnelly Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Dovehouse Street, Imperial College London, London, UK Background: Inhaled corticosteroid use is associated with increased rates of pneumonia in COPD patients. The underlying mechanism is unknown, although recent data suggest that pneumonia is more frequent in patients treated with fluticasone propionate (FP) than budesonide. Macrophages and neutrophils from COPD patients are deficient in clearing bacteria, and this might explain increased bacterial colonization in COPD. Inhaled corticosteroid may further suppress this response; therefore, we examined the effect of FP and budesonide on phagocytosis of common respiratory pathogens by monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) and neutrophils.Methods: MDMs from COPD patients (n=20–24) were preincubated with FP or budesonide for 1 or 18 hours, after which phagocytosis of fluorescently labeled inert beads or heat-killed Haemophilus influenzae/Streptococcus pneumoniae were measured fluorimetrically after 1 or 4 hours. Additionally, CXCL8, IL6, and TNFα concentrations in supernatants by ELISA, MDM-scavenger-receptor expression by flow cytometry, and MDM ability to kill bacteria were measured. Neutrophils from COPD patients (n=8) were preincubated with corticosteroids for 1 hour and bacteria phagocytosis measured by flow cytometry.Results: After 1 hour’s preincubation, neither corticosteroid altered MDM phagocytosis of beads or H. influenzae; however, budesonide (10-7 M) increased S. pneumoniae phagocytosis by 23% (P<0.05). After 18 hours’ preincubation, neither corticosteroid altered MDM phagocytosis of any prey, although H. influenzae phagocytosis by budesonide was significantly greater compared to FP at 10-6 and 10-5 M (P<0.05). The 1-hour preincubation with either corticosteroid inhibited bacteria-induced CXCL8 release (at 10-7 and 10-5 M, P<0.05); however, this effect was lost at 18-hour preincubation. There was no change in receptor expression, bacterial killing, or neutrophil phagocytosis by either corticosteroid.Conclusion: These data suggest that dissolved FP and budesonide do not have an overall effect on MDM or neutrophil phagocytosis of bacteria. Keywords: COPD, macrophage, neutrophil, fluticasone propionate, budesonide
The impact of salinity exposure on survival and temperature tolerance of the A ntarctic collembolan Cryptopygus antarcticus

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract The collembolan Cryptopygus antarcticus W illem is potentially exposed to habitat salinities equal to (or greater than) sea water, as a result of sea spray, drying of littoral habitats, dispersal or temporary entrapment on the surface of sea water, or exposure to localized salt deposits from dense vertebrate populations on terrestrial habitats. To test the impact of this exposure on C. antarcticus , the tolerance of the collembolan to being placed on the surface of sea water and solutions of higher salt concentrations is investigated. The effects of acclimation to exposure to liquids of different salinities [44, 100 and 200 parts per thousand (ppt) sea salt] on cold and heat tolerance, as well as thermal activity thresholds, are also explored. Cryptopygus antarcticus shows > 75% survival after 10 days of exposure to both sea water and 100‐ppt salt, whereas it exhibits significantly lower survival after 5 days (60% survival) and 10 days (40%) of exposure to a 200‐ppt solution. Body water content also decreases after exposure to all salinities, and particularly to the 200‐ppt solution, in which > 50% of body water is lost after 10 days. Acclimation results in greater cold tolerance, although heat tolerance at 33, 35 and 37 °C is either unaltered or reduced. The thermal activity thresholds of C. antarcticus at both high and low temperatures are also negatively affected by saline exposure. The data demonstrate the capacity of C. antarcticus to tolerate periods of exposure to saline conditions, and also show that this exposure can enhance cross‐tolerance to low temperatures. The present study also demonstrates that salinity‐associated stress at moderately low and high temperatures narrows the thermal range of activity, thus reducing the ability of collembolans to forage, develop and reproduce. © 2013 The Royal Entomological Society
Assessing the role of an artificial intelligence assessment tool for thoracic aorta diameter on routine chest CT

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: To assess the diagnostic accuracy and clinical impact of automated artificial intelligence (AI) measurement of thoracic aorta diameter on routine chest CT. Methods: A single-centre retrospective study involving three cohorts. 210 consecutive ECG-gated CT aorta scans (mean age 75 ± 13) underwent automated analysis (AI-Rad Companion Chest CT, Siemens) and were compared to a reference standard of specialist cardiothoracic radiologists for accuracy measuring aortic diameter. A repeated measures analysis tested reporting consistency in a second cohort (29 patients, mean age 61 ± 17) of immediate sequential pre-contrast and contrast CT aorta acquisitions. Potential clinical impact was assessed in a third cohort of 197 routine CT chests (mean age 66 ± 15) to document potential clinical impact. Results: AI analysis produced a full report in 387/436 (89%) and a partial report in 421/436 (97%). Manual vs AI agreement was good to excellent (ICC 0.76–0.92). Repeated measures analysis of expert and AI reports for the ascending aorta were moderate to good (ICC 0.57–0.88). AI diagnostic performance crossed the threshold for maximally accepted limits of agreement (>5 mm) at the aortic root on ECG-gated CTs. AI newly identified aortic dilatation in 27% of patients on routine thoracic imaging with a specificity of 99% and sensitivity of 77%. Conclusion: AI has good agreement with expert readers at the mid-ascending aorta and has high specificity, but low sensitivity, at detecting dilated aortas on non-dedicated chest CTs. Advances in knowledge: An AI tool may improve the detection of previously unknown thoracic aorta dilatation on chest CTs vs current routine reporting.
Determination of Lutecium in Radio-pharmaceutical Samples using High Resolution ICP-AES Technique

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

An analytical method was developed for the determination of Lutetium in dilute nitric acid medium using high resolution ICP-AES analytical technique. These studies were required for the determination of Lutetium contents in radiopharmaceutical samples. For the patients suffering from cancers, 177Lu DOTA-TATE peptide receptor radionuclide therapy is used. This necessitates the use of 177Lu and obviously the quantification of Lutetium for its efficient application during medical therapy which is used for the preparation of the patients suffering from cancers. Due to short half life of 177Lu of 6.67 days, it is most likely to get added up with Hf, as it is build up on storage, the undesired impurity element. Hence the effect of Hf on the determination of Lu was studied. Subsequently seven actual samples of 177Lu were analysed for Lu contents after taking into account Hf contribution if any.
Blood addition and processingconditions: Improving proteincontent and digestibility value ofhydrolyzed feather meal

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT The study aimed to optimize the processing conditions for hydrolyzed feather meal (HFM) with the addition of coagulated blood. Factorial design and response surface methodology were used to optimize processing conditions in function of protein content (%) and digestibility value (%) of HFM. Higher protein contents were obtained when the upper levels of the variables pressure (kgf.cm−2), hydrolysis time (min), and blood addition (%) were used in the process. Longer hydrolysis time and a higher percentage of blood result in higher digestibility values. Mathematics models can be used to estimate the protein content and digestibility value of HFM with coagulated blood. Hydrolyzed feather meal with higher protein content and digestibility value can be produced by adding coagulated blood and appropriate processing parameters.
Echiniscus taibaiensis sp. nov. and a new record of Echiniscus bisetosus Heinis (Tardigrada, Echiniscidae) from China

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The main characters of Echiniscus taibaiensis sp. nov. are listed as follows: dorsal plates are decorated with polygons and irregular pores, median plate 3 absent, notches absent on terminal plate; lateral and dorsal appendages consist of cirrus A, C, D, E, Cd and Dd; spurs absent on all claws of each leg. This new species is similar to E. velaminis Murray in having a similar arrangement of lateral and dorsal appendages and in lacking the third median plate, but it differs from E. velaminis in lacking the spine inserted near the base of cirrus D and in having much shorter dorsal appendages Cd and Dd. A new record of Echiniscus bisetosus Heinis is also reported from China in this article.
The Effects of Combined Aloe vera Gel and Blended Antioxidants on Cooked Chicken Meat Quality

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The effects of the inclusion of Aloe vera gel mixed with blended antioxidants on cooked chicken meat quality have been evaluated. This study was designed in five different treatments, where Aloe gel at level 5% was mixed into all treatment meat batches, including (1) control (without antioxidant additives); (2) blend 1 [90 ppm oregano essential oil (OE), 150 ppm rosemary extract (RE), and 60 ppm of germander extract (GR)]; (3) blend 2 (150 ppm OE, 120 ppm RE, and 30 ppm GR); (4) 200 ppm nitrite of sodium (E-250); and (5) 14 ppm of butylatedhydroxyanisole (BHA). The cooked patties of meat were refrigerated for a duration of one week. For meat quality evaluation, proximate composition, oxidation indicator for lipid and protein, total volatiles, and sensorial traits were tested at different times. Across all parameters, the treatment additives showed a considerable (p < 0.05) antioxidant effect compared to the control samples. No considerable variations (p > 0.05) were observed among treatment samples in relation to their proximate composition. However, the second blend exhibited the strongest antioxidant effect for all the parameters tested. Blend 1’s antioxidant effect was very comparable to 200 ppm of sodium nitrite (E-250) additive. Among all the additives, BHA showed the least significant antioxidant effect. Overall, blend 2 was classified as the most preferred treatment by the panelists. The recommendation that could be summarized is that blend 2 was an excellent natural alternative where the Aloe vera gel enhances and prolongs its antioxidant activity using cooked chicken meat.