jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Morphological and Electrical Properties of Self-Textured Aluminum-Doped Zinc Oxide Films Prepared by Direct Current Magnetron Sputtering for Application to Amorphous Silicon Solar Cells

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Self-textured Al-doped zinc oxide (AZO) transparent conducting oxide (TCO) layers were grown by DC magnetron sputtering, and their morphological and electrical properties were investigated. The self-textured AZO layers were fabricated by controlling the deposition conditions, without employing wet or dry etching for surface texturing. The polycrystalline AZO layers with a high surface roughness (42 nm) were grown on a glass substrate at various DC plasma power. The lowest sheet resistance was 3.7×10-4 Ω cm and the highest carrier mobility obtained was 30 cm2 V-1 s-1, which are comparable to those of chemically textured AZO layers. The electrical and optical characteristics of the self-textured AZO films are comparable to those of wet-etched AZO films that were etched using the conventional HCl solution. Our study suggests a possible way to inexpensively fabricate amorphous silicon thin-film solar cells.
The Transmission of Sustained Growth through the Terms of Trade in an Endogenous Growth Model

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Abstract This paper develops a two‐country model of endogenous growth and international trade in intermediate goods. In autarky just one of the economies enjoys sustained growth. The trade situation may be characterized by complete specialization of both countries, or by incomplete specialization of the growing economy. In either case, trade transmits perpetual growth to the stagnant economy because of the permanent improvements in its terms of trade. The existence of a non‐reproducible factor in the growing economy is crucial to ensure propagation of growth. Moreover, under incomplete specialization countries converge in per capita income. This result relies on two assumptions. First, there must be a large enough share of world income to pay for the input in which the stagnant economy has comparative advantage. Second, all technologies producing intermediate goods should be equally intensive in the non‐reproducible factor.
Health care economics. Part 2: The Australian health care "jigsaw".

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In this article we look at how the health care industry is organised in Australia and make some international comparisons. First, we examine how Australia has reached the present, rather confusing set of arrangements--what the Macklin inquiry has called the health "jigsaw". Then we outline the current arrangements--how responsibilities are divided between local, state and federal governments; and the contribution of the private sector. Finally, we present international data to provide some comparative perspective on Australia's health care arrangements.
A Novel Phosphodiesterase Type 4 Inhibitor, HT-0712, Enhances Rehabilitation-Dependent Motor Recovery and Cortical Reorganization After Focal Cortical Ischemia

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Rehabilitation-dependent motor recovery after cerebral ischemia is associated with functional reorganization of residual cortical tissue. Recovery is thought to occur when remaining circuitry surrounding the lesion is “retrained” to assume some of the lost function. This reorganization is in turn supported by synaptic plasticity within cortical circuitry and manipulations that promote plasticity may enhance recovery. Activation of the cAMP/CREB pathway is a key step for experience-dependent neural plasticity. Here we examined the effects of the prototypical phosphodiesterase inhibitor 4 (PDE4) rolipram and a novel PDE inhibitor (HT-0712), known to enhance cAMP/CREB signaling and cognitive function, on restoration of motor skill and cortical function after focal cerebral ischemia. Adult male rats were trained on a skilled reaching task to establish a baseline level of motor performance. Intracortical microstimulation was then used to derive high-resolution maps of forelimb movement representations within the caudal forelimb area of motor cortex contralateral to the trained paw. A focal ischemic infarct was created within approximately 30% of the caudal forelimb area. The effects of administering either rolipram or the novel PDE4 inhibitor HT-0712 during rehabilitation on motor recovery and restoration of movement representations within residual motor cortex were examined. Both compounds significantly enhanced motor recovery and induced an expansion of distal movement representations that extended beyond residual motor cortex. The expansion beyond the initial residual cortex was not observed in vehicle injected controls. Furthermore, the motor recovery seen in the HT-0712 animals was dose dependent. Our results suggest that PDE4 inhibitors during motor rehabilitation facilitate behavioral recovery and cortical reorganization after ischemic insult to levels significantly greater than that observed with rehabilitation alone.
A user's guide to phase-retrieval coherent receiver

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The carrier-less phase-retrieval (PR) coherent detection is a potential solution for reducing the hardware complexity of coherent receivers in cost-sensitive applications, such as data-center interconnects. However, due to the lack of theoretical analysis, the optimum PR receiver architecture and its achievable performance have been revealed yet. In this work, we show the injectivity condition and the Cramér-Rao lower bound for the PR receivers. These results would be a useful tool for the system designers to optimize the receiver architectures and establish a fair comparison between them.
ChemInform Abstract: Molecular Modification of 2,7‐Diphenyl[1]benzothieno[3,2‐b]benzothiophene (DPh‐BTBT) with Diarylamino Substituents: From Crystalline Order to Amorphous State in Evaporated Thin Films.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Data Quality and Digital Twins in Decision Support Systems of Oil and Gas Companies

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

In the modern world, most enterprises implement digital technologies to improve business performance and enhance their competitive advantages.All digital technologies are based on data.Global digitalization leads to huge amounts of data.It is impossible to talk about IT development without understanding the nature of data and its quality management technologies.The article presents the approach to data quality management in the Digital Twins design and use.Digital Twins or Smart Fields are decision support systems to manage field development.Such decision support systems are designed to address the issues of maximizing oil recovery ratio with optimal CAPEX and OPEX.Moreover, decision support systems should include data quality management algorithms.The lack of data quality control mechanisms can lead to incorrect decisions and large losses for the business.The approach presented in the article contains 7 steps of the field management cycle using Digital Twins.Some of these seven steps are related to data quality verification.It is also shown that data with minuses or disadvantages allow to identify problematic areas of field development.For the identified problematic areas, additional data is collected to eliminate disadvantages or minuses.As a result, it is possible to clarify the real "Why" or the reasons of the critical deviations from the target situation and KPIs.The work done showed that designing decision support systems such as Digital Doubles, Digital Fields and Smart Wells without data quality management is tantamount to creating an engine without taking into account the fuel on which it runs.The application of the developed approaches to data quality management in Digital Doubles almost by a third increased their economic efficiency in the development of oil births and, as a result, their investment attractiveness.
Interferon alfa-2b in mixed cryoglobulinaemia: a controlled crossover trial.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

To confirm the positive results of a preliminary trial, 26 patients with mixed cryoglobulinaemia were enrolled in a controlled, randomised, crossover trial with interferon alfa-2b. A significant improvement was seen in the purpura score and alanine aminotransferase activities during six months' treatment, and was associated with a significant decrease in cryocrit and a returning to normal of the lymphocyte CD4/CD8 ratio (in eight of nine patients). No significant variations were seen during the six month period without interferon. Only six patients withdrew from treatment, three because of side effects and three because of poor compliance.
Early treatment using fractional CO2 laser before skin suture during scar revision surgery in Asians

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Fractional CO2 laser is one of the most effective treatment options used to resurface scars. However, most previous studies have been performed on mature scars at least 2 months after surgery. Recent studies have emphasized the importance of early treatment to reduce scar formation. In the present study, we described our experience with fractional CO2 laser intervention before skin suture during scar revision surgery in Asians, and found the treatment was safe and effective.
Endovascular Treatment for Bilateral Carotid Stenosis: a Case Report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Carotid artery stenosis is usually a consequence of thromboembolism or atheroembolism, or it can be secondary to a low-velocity status in the carotid circulation. This disease can also represent an important cause of stroke, being responsible for 7% of all stroke cases. Endovascular techniques were recently proposed as alternative interventions for patients with high risk for endarterectomy. We present the case of a 70-year-old patient, accusing headache, vertigo, and fatigue. Angiography indicated bilateral carotid artery stenosis. Interventional surgery and angioplasty were performed, crossing the stenotic lesions of the left internal carotid artery, followed by the implantation of a Carotid WALLSTENT endoprosthesis. Evolution of the patient was favorable after the endovascular intervention, with significant improvement of the symptoms caused by bilateral carotid stenosis. As a conclusion, decision-making must be modulated in each patient, according to the patient’s anatomy and comorbidities, and the experience of the team performing the procedure.
Impact of maternal depression and anxiety-related disorders on live birth rate in women with recurrent pregnancy loss

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

It is unknown whether depression and anxiety-related conditions associate with poor perinatal outcomes, especially live birth rates, among women diagnosed with recurrent pregnancy loss. We performed a retrospective cohort study using the Japanese Medical Data Centre Claims Database and identified women diagnosed with recurrent pregnancy loss. Live birth rates were compared as the primary outcome between patients with and without depression and/or anxiety-related disorders. A stabilised inverse probability of treatment weight analysis using propensity scores was also performed to assess the association. Among 5,517 eligible patients, there were 804 (14.6%) women who had depression and/or anxiety-related disorders during treatment for recurrent pregnancy loss during pregnancy. The overall live birth rates differed significantly between the groups according to the Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test (p = 0.011). However, Cox proportional-hazards regression model and stabilised inverse probability of treatment weight analysis showed no statistically significant association between depressive disorders and live birth rates. The current study showed that approximately 15% of patients diagnosed with recurrent pregnancy loss develop depressive disorders. After accounting for variables, we found no independent association between depressive disorders after recurrent pregnancy losses and low live birth rates.
World Class Arena: Providing an International Perspective on Assessing Gifted and Talented Students

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

When the UK Government introduced its national strategy for gifted and talented students in its policy document Excellence in Cities in March 1999 (DfEE, 1999), the Qualifications and Curriculum Authority (QCA) was given the remit to produce World Class Tests. These tests, in mathematics and problem solving, were to be developed to demonstrate World Class abilities in the top ten per cent of nine and 13 year olds in those subjects internationally. From the inception of the World Class Arena project, it was intended that strong international links would be forged in order to learn from, and contribute to, the teaching and learning of gifted and talented students.
New laccases for lignosulfonate polymerization

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Lignin ist das zweithäufigste natürlich vorkommende Biopolymer. Diese nachwachsende Substanz ist das größte Nebenprodukt der Papierindustrie und kann in einer Vielfalt von biotechnologischen Anwendungen eingesetzt werden: Zum Beispiel als Dispergiermittel, Bindemittel oder in Polymerformulierungen. Laccasen sind kupferhaltige Oxidoreductasen, die Oxidationen bei vielen Aromaten und Nicht-aromaten katalysieren. Bei dieser Reaktion wird molekularer Sauerstoff zu Wasser reduziert. Da das einzige anfallende Nebenprodukt Wasser ist, gelten Laccasen als umweltfreundliche Biokatalysatoren. Die Funktionalisierung von Lignin durch Laccasen resultiert in Bio-Polymeren mit erhöhtem Molekulargewicht. Die neuartigen pilzlichen Laccasen CgL1, ToLA und MaL1 sowie die bakteriellen Laccasen SiLA, SiLA_CBD und SiLA_SBD wurden speziell für diese Anwendung rekombinant exprimiert und charakterisiert.Die biochemische Charakterisierung der Laccasen MaL1 und SiLA offenbarte interessante Eigenschaften: Beide Enzyme zeigten ein ähnliches pH Optimum von pH 4 im Fall von MaL1 und pH 5 im Fall von SiLA. Die gemessenen Temperaturoptima wiesen jedoch größere Unterschiede auf: Das Optimum von SiLA lag bei über 70 °C und war damit viel höher als das von MaL1 bei 50 °C. Beide Enzyme zeigten eine hohe Stabilität bei Raumtemperatur im Zeitraum von einer Woche. Außerdem konnten Enzymaktivitäten in breiten Temperatur- und pH Bereichen gemessen werden, was für potentielle Anwendungen von hoher Bedeutung ist.Vorläufige Resultate haben gezeigt, dass MaL1 im neutralen und basischen pH-Bereich Lignosulfonat polymerisierte. Obwohl mit SiLA nicht dieselben Ergebnisse erreicht werden konnten, weisen die hohe Enzymstabilität und -aktivität großes Potential für weitere technische Anwendungen auf.
Cepheids in Magellanic Cloud star clusters - Fundamental and overtone pulsators in NGC 2157

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

view Abstract Citations (26) References (19) Co-Reads Similar Papers Volume Content Graphics Metrics Export Citation NASA/ADS Cepheids in Magellanic Cloud Star Clusters: Fundamental and Overtone Pulsators in NGC 2157 Mateo, Mario ; Olszewski, Edward W. ; Madore, Barry F. Abstract As part of a systematic CCD survey to search for and study Cepheids in young Magellanic Cloud star clusters, we report the discovery of three Cepheids in the Large Magellanic Cloud star cluster NGC 2157. Two of these variables have periods of approximately 3 days, while the third has a period of ~ 7.7 days. The photometric properties of the two short-period Cepheids are consistent with their being overtone pulsators, while the long-period Cepbeid is more likely pulsating in the fundamental mode. We reach the same conclusion by calculating the pulsational masses for the new Cepheids using a consistent set of theoretical relations. The evolutionary/pulsational mass discrepancy known for Galactic Cepheids reappears for these extragalactic Cepheids with our assumption that the short-period NGC 2157 variables are overtone pulsators. Mass loss can account for neither the observed period range nor the mass discrepancy unless extremely large and unprecedented mass-loss rates are assumed. Stellar models incorporating modified treatments of convection may provide a solution for this new version of the Cepheid mass discrepancy. Our observations of the NGC 2157 Cepheids along with recent results for other Mapellanic Cloud cluster Cepheids suggest that the fraction of short-period (<~ 7 days) Cepheids that are first overtone pulsators may be much larger than is generally believed. Publication: The Astrophysical Journal Pub Date: April 1990 DOI: 10.1086/185696 Bibcode: 1990ApJ...353L..11M Keywords: Astronomical Photometry; Cepheid Variables; Magellanic Clouds; Star Clusters; Stellar Oscillations; Astronomical Models; Charge Coupled Devices; Color-Magnitude Diagram; Stellar Mass; Astrophysics; CLUSTERS: GLOBULAR; GALAXIES: MAGELLANIC CLOUDS; PHOTOMETRY; STARS: CEPHEIDS full text sources ADS | data products NED (5) SIMBAD (2)
Control of Arthropod Pests on Georgia Soybean, 1992:

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract The efficacy of selected insecticides for control of velvetbean caterpillars, southern green stink bugs, Mexican bean beetles, and threecornered alfalfa hoppers was evaluated at the Georgia Coastal Plain Experiment Station, Tifton, GA. Nine insecticides were foliar-applied on 9 Sep on ‘Braxton’ soybeans which had been planted on 26 May in rows spaced 0.9 m apart. Individual plots were 4 rows wide by 15 m long with 2-m alleys on each end and 2 border rows on each side. The nine treatments plus an untreated check were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Each spray concentrate was applied with a CO2-powered backpack sprayer with 4, TX-9 nozzles on a 1-boom (2 nozzles per row) at 40 psi that delivered 167 liters per hectare. Each plot was sampled for arthropod pest species prior to treatment and on 2, 7, 14, and 21 DAT, by taking a 25 sweep sample (C.4 m diam net) from a single row. Soybeans were in the R5 growth stage at the initiation of this test and R6 growth stage on 21 DAT. Data were analyzed using ANOVA (P = 0.05) and significant means separated using DMRT.
HIV-induced redox changes and inflammation in the central nervous system and modulatory factors

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Currently 34 million people live with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Although the lifespan of HIV patients has been prolonged by highly active antiretroviral treatment, the prevalence of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HANDs) is increasing. Oxidative stress and inflammation in the central nervous system (CNS) are major causes of HANDs, and concurrent drug abuse may accelerate the progression of symptoms. This dissertation aims to study HIV-induced changes in antioxidants, oxidative stress, and inflammation in the CNS, assess the effects of concurrent methamphetamine (Meth) exposure, and evaluate the protective effect of dietary supplementation of bamboo Phyllostachys edulis extract (BEX). This study centered on the most abundant antioxidant in the brain-glutathione (GSH). The changes of GSH metabolism and GSH-dependent antioxidant enzymes were measured in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of human cohorts with HIV infection and/or uses of Meth, and in the brain tissues of HIV-1 model transgenic rats (HIV-1Tg expressing 7 HIV viral proteins) with or without Meth exposure. HIV infection resulted in elevated gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) activity, GSH depletion and a several-fold increase in lipid peroxidation in human CSF. Compared to HIV infection, use of Meth resulted in less severe oxidative stress, which may be partially explained by the upregulation of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and GSH in the CSF. Meth did not interact with HIV in modulating the redox changes in the CSF. In HIV-1Tg rats, redox and inflammatory changes were observed in the brain in a region-specific manner, with little synergy from Meth exposure. The thalamus was highlighted by its high GSH content and systematic upregulation of GSH biosynthesis and GSH-dependent antioxidant enzymes in the HIV-1Tg rats. On the other hand, neuroinflammation markers, such as glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and p65, were increased in the hippocampus of the transgenic rats, and such changes were effectively normalized by dietary supplementation of BEX. In summary, this dissertation documents the significance of GSH and GSH-dependent antioxidant enzymes in regulating the redox status of CNS, and the potential anti-neuroinflammatory effects of BEX in the context of HIV infection.
Mobility and interaction patterns in social networks

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The question of analyzing the predictability of human behavior has been widely studied in literature, to unveil how individuals move, how they can be mobilized and, more philosophically, to understand to what extent our decisions are random or whether we are free to choose. As a consequence of humans relate to each other, we also tend to live in groups at different hierarchies in a social way so it is interesting to analyze how individual features and choices affect the global structure of a society. In this work, we explore the limits of human predictability in terms of shopping behavior, observing that, even when we are constrained to a limited set of possible places where we can make a purchase, predicting where the next purchase will happen is not accurately possible to do by only observing the past. The next question is to study how individual decisions affect emergent phenomena such as the economy or information diffusion across a country. We analyze the contents, temporal and mobility patterns extracted from users' social media publications to build a profile of the geographical regions that allow to predict the unemployment rate. Finally, we also use a mobile phone call dataset to test whether the dynamics at the urban level, how people create and destroy links within a city, affect the inter-urban diffusion of diseases, virus or rumors. Our results suggest that inter-regional structure is robust and does not vary significantly on time so diffusion processes can be well modeled in terms of static properties of the inter-urban network.