jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Curriculum Reinforcement Learning using Optimal Transport via Gradual Domain Adaptation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Curriculum Reinforcement Learning (CRL) aims to create a sequence of tasks, starting from easy ones and gradually learning towards difficult tasks. In this work, we focus on the idea of framing CRL as interpolations between a source (auxiliary) and a target task distribution. Although existing studies have shown the great potential of this idea, it remains unclear how to formally quantify and generate the movement between task distributions. Inspired by the insights from gradual domain adaptation in semi-supervised learning, we create a natural curriculum by breaking down the potentially large task distributional shift in CRL into smaller shifts. We propose GRADIENT, which formulates CRL as an optimal transport problem with a tailored distance metric between tasks. Specifically, we generate a sequence of task distributions as a geodesic interpolation (i.e., Wasserstein barycenter) between the source and target distributions. Different from many existing methods, our algorithm considers a task-dependent contextual distance metric and is capable of handling nonparametric distributions in both continuous and discrete context settings. In addition, we theoretically show that GRADIENT enables smooth transfer between subsequent stages in the curriculum under certain conditions. We conduct extensive experiments in locomotion and manipulation tasks and show that our proposed GRADIENT achieves higher performance than baselines in terms of learning efficiency and asymptotic performance.
Understanding User's Search Behavior towards Spiky Events

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Web searches are done by users every day on a million-daily basis. Many of these web searches are related to events, social occasions that attracts society's attention. Events may happen multiple times on cyclic or non-periodic occasions. These are known as spiky events. When these events occur, multiple spikes can be observed in query logs triggered by a change in the user's behaviour and an increase in the frequency of the user's queries. In this paper, we aim to understand the user's search behaviour towards this kind of events. To this regard, we propose a new taxonomy of spiky events which categorizes queries into two groups: periodic (ongoing, historical, traditional) and aperiodic (predictable and unpredictable), and study how various features concerning the query and the clicked web pages describe the user's behaviour, before, during, and after the event. To conduct this research, we consider 100 spiky events and rely on a two-year Persian search engine query log to analyse their related queries and associated information. The results obtained show that users have a different behaviour regarding the query frequency, length and temporality, depending on the category of the spiky event and that query formulation and clicked pages are also different for each category before, during and after the event. Understanding these user's behaviours and their relationship with the different categories may play an important role for any search engine looking to provide better services for their users.
Fabrication of Provisional Restoration Using Direct Technique

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Abstract Dental students learning fixed prosthodontics should have the conceptual understanding and procedural skills that allow them to prepare teeth for full coverage restorations and also to fabricate provisional restorations for these teeth. Fabrication of a provisional restoration is a clinical skill that a dental student should be able to demonstrate. This resource provides a stepwise approach to learning how to fabricate provisional restorations for full gold and porcelain fused to metal crowns. Faculty can use this module as an adjunct to their teaching. The module can provide faculty members who have different teaching styles with a consistent method of making provisional restorations that achieve desirable results and meet the evaluation criteria. This module is used by dental students in a preclinical setting. It is intended to allow self-guided and self-paced instruction with or without the assistance of faculty. In order for the module to be employed, students should be proficient in the fundamentals, principles, and skills involved in preparing typodont teeth for full coverage restorations. This resource should be thoroughly reviewed before beginning the restoration fabrication procedures and should be followed step-by-step to achieve the goals of successful provisional fabrication. The purposes of each characteristic of an ideal restoration should be reviewed and learned prior to fabrication so that the evaluation criteria can be used effectively. This resource has been utilized in the University of Minnesota School of Dentistry preclinical Fixed Prosthodontic course for the past 2 years. Students are given a lecture about this procedure and then allowed to use this resource during their preclinical laboratory time to fabricate provisional restorations. This resource is supplemented by faculty feedback; however, this feedback time can be more effectively spent addressing specific questions and/or pitfalls rather than setting up and providing live demonstrations. Students appreciate having detailed, step-by-step instructions to follow even in the absence of faculty.
[Bronchial sleeve resection and reconstruction of pulmonary artery by video-assisted thoracic small incision surgery for lung cancer].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The bronchial sleeve resection and reconstruction of pulmonary artery by video-assisted thoracic small incision surgery for lung cancer could finish the same work as traditional thoracic lateral incision, with less trauma, less bleeding and blood transfusion, less time in opening and closing thorax.
Silicon nanocrystals: Novel synthesis routes for photovoltaic applications

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Novel processes were developed for fabricating silicon nanocrystals and nanocomposite materials which could be used as absorbers in third generation photovoltaic devices. A conventional high‐temperature annealing technique was studied as a reference process, with some new insights in crystallisation mechanisms. Innovative methods for silicon nanocrystal synthesis at much lower temperature were demonstrated, namely chemical vapour deposition (CVD), physical vapour deposition (PVD) and aerosol‐assisted CVD. Besides the advantage of low substrate temperature, these new techniques allow to fabricate silicon nanocrystals embedded in wide bandgap semiconductor host matrices, with a high density and a narrow size dispersion.
Idea of „People’s Poland” and its Adherents. People’s and Socialist vision of the Independent Polish State – Some Critical Remarks

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In this essay I present a book titled Ludowa i socjalistyczna wizja niepodległej Polski [ People’s and Socialist vision of the Independent Polish State ], edited by Janusz Gmitruk and Tadeusz Skoczek. It is a collection of papers which are focused on different aspects of history of modern socialist and peasant movements in Poland during first half of 20th century. I argue, that the idea of „People’s Poland”, currently strictly associated with propaganda of communist „Polish People’s Republic” (1944/45–1989), has deeper historical roots and played a key role in political imagination of democratic and pro-independence movements. In this essay I offer not only a critical review of articles collected in the book, but also try to propose new, potentially promising perspectives for further research on history of mass and plebeian political movements.
E-085 Multicenter retrospective study of the sofia for aspiration in acute ischemic stroke (mrs sofia)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background and Purpose

There are a myriad of aspiration catheters used for primary aspiration for mechanical embolectomy for acute ischemic stroke. Over the past several years there has been increased interest in the use of the 6Fr Sofia Plus aspiration catheter as a primary aspiration catheter due to its trackability and navigability. We performed a multicenter retrospective study examining the efficacy of the Sofia aspiration catheter as a stand-alone aspiration treatment for large vessel occlusion.

Materials and Methods

This was an investigator initiated study and no study funding was received. Following Institutional Review Board Approval, consecutive cases in which the Sofia catheter was used for aspiration thrombectomy for treatment of large vessel occlusion were included. Exclusion criteria were the following: 1) Sofia not used for first pass, and 2) stent-triever used as an adjunct on the first pass. The primary outcome of the study was first pass recanalization (TICI 2b/3). Secondary outcomes included first pass TICI 2c/3, final TICI using Sofia alone, cross-over to other thrombectomy devices, number of passes, time from puncture to recanalization and complications.

Results

From the six centers, a total of 323 patients were included. First pass recanalization with TICI 2b/3 was achieved in 69.7% of cases. First pass recanalization with TICI 2c/3 was achieved in 48.9% of cases. 74.8% patients achieved a TICI 2b/3 with the Sofia alone. Cross-over to other thrombectomy devices occurred in 29.1% of cases. The median number of passes performed was 1.5 (IQR=1–3). Median time from puncture to recanalization was 25 (IQR=15–35). Procedure related complications occurred in 2.8% of cases.

Conclusion

Our study highlights the potential advantage of the 5Fr and 6Fr Sofia aspiration catheters for primary aspiration thrombectomy in acute ischemic stroke. We were able to achieve high rates of first pass recanalization with low cross-over rates to other thrombectomy devices. Median procedure time was low as were procedural complications.

Disclosures

W. Brinjikji: 1; C; NIH/NINDS, Cerenovus. 2; C; Microvention, Cerenovus. 4; C; Marblehead Medical LLC. R. DeLeacy: None. D. Meila: None. M. Mokin: None. E. Samaniego: None. A. Cora: None. M. Shapiro: None. S. Agarwal: None. D. Bageac: None. J. Roa: None. Z. Ren: None. W. Li: None. L. Rinaldo: None. H. Cloft: None. D. Volders: None. T. Huynh: None. E. Raz: None.
Outlaw Motorcycle Clubs and Organized Crime

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Outlaw motorcycle clubs have spread across the globe. Their members have been associated with serious crime, and law enforcement often perceives them to be a form of organized crime. Outlaw bikers are disproportionately engaged in crime, but the role of the club itself in these crimes remains unclear. Three scenarios describe possible relations between clubs and the crimes of their members. In the "bad apple" scenario, members individually engage in crime; club membership may offer advantages in enabling and facilitating offending. In the "club within a club" scenario, members engage in crimes separate from the club, but because of the number of members involved, including high-ranking members, the club itself appears to be taking part. The club can be said to function as a criminal organization only when the formal organizational chain of command takes part in organization of the crime, lower level members regard senior members' leadership in the crime as legitimate, and the crime is generally understood as "club business." All three scenarios may play out simultaneously within one club with regard to different crimes.
Mediating Role of Knowledge Inertia on the Relationship Between Knowledge Sharing Capabilities and Organizational Strategic Learning Capabilities

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Both as power and as a resource knowledge is strategically important for individuals and enterprises. The third industrial revolution is based on knowledge which changes the way an individual, an enterprise or even a nation can create wealth and prosperity. All together we can say that knowledge is so important to each organization. So, knowledge is considered as an effective resource for organizations and individuals to survive. However, individuals usually make use of their experience and prior knowledge when they encounter problems and solve similar problems. These managerial predictive behaviours may endanger an organization which is in a competitive environment and this common routine problemsolving strategy is called “Knowledge Inertia”. The aim of this research is to see the effect of knowledge inertia on the relationship between knowledge sharing capabilities and organizational strategic learning capabilities. This research was designed as quantitative study. The sample size is 150 teachers in ZEO Valikamam in Jaffna District. Sample is collected through convenience sampling method. The collected data analysis using the SPSS version 20.0 software. According to the results obtained through the data analysis, the knowledge inertia has negative relationship between knowledge sharing capabilities and organizational strategic learning capabilities. As well as the knowledge sharing capabilities and organizational strategic learning capabilities have positive relationship. On other hand it can be found that Knowledge inertia plays a role as a mediator between knowledge sharing capabilities and organizational strategic learning capabilities.
Environmental Evaluation using Mutivariate Analysis at a Pyropia Cultivation Farm at Seocheon in the Mid-western coast of Korea

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

We evaluated the water quality(13 variables) in a Pyropia cultivation farm in Seocheon, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea, using a multivariate analysis from September 2019 to March 2020. The pairwise simple correlation matrix among variables was shown. The first four principal components explained 79% of the total sample variance. The first principal component(z₁) showed the freshwater inflow and precipitation, the z₂ related to seasonal influence, the z₃ related to season and/or freshwater, and the z₄ related to transparency. The present study is the first step for the data-base and future-oriented Pyropia cultivation
Differential Expression of Renin‐Angiotensin System Components in the Choroid Plexus of Betamethasone Exposed and Control Sheep

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The use of antenatal betamethasone (BM) is a widely accepted therapy to accelerate lung development and improve survival in preterm infants. We have developed an experimental model of programming whereby pregnant ewes are administered BM (2 doses of 0.17 mg/kg) or vehicle at the 80th day of gestation and offspring are delivered at term. Past studies show BM‐exposed (BMX) offspring develop elevated blood pressure and altered baroreflex sensitivity by 6‐months of age. In this study, we compared the synthesizing components of the renin‐angiotensin system (RAS) including renin, angiotensinogen, ACE, ACE2, and neprilysin (NEP) in the choroid plexus from the 4 th ventricle (ChP4) of male BMX and control offspring at 6‐months. No difference in the three peptidase activities was evident between BMX and control offspring; however, ACE2 activity was 3‐fold higher than either NEP or ACE. Moreover, all three enzymes were equally enriched ~2.5 fold in ChP4 brush border membranes (BBM) by Ca2+ precipitation. Both prorenin and active renin expression were detected in the ChP4; renin protein was significantly lower in the ChP4 of BMX animals (0.41 ± 0.03 vs 0.20 ± 0.03, p<0.05, N=4) and negatively correlated to Ang I‐intact angiotensinogen content (r = 0.78; p<0.01). We conclude that the ChP4 expresses all components of the RAS that would lead to local production of Ang II and Ang‐(1–7), although BMX may downregulate this system through the reduced expression of renin. HD47584
Ustekinumab Efficacy in Children with Palmoplantar Psoriasis: Case Series

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background . Management with genetically engineered biologic drugs is recommended for patients with palmoplantar psoriasis when standard external therapy, physical therapy, and classical immunosuppressants lack efficacy. We present the results of ustekinumab administration in children with palmoplantar psoriasis resistant to standard therapy. Clinical case descriptio n. The results of ustekinumab administration in 12 children with palmoplantar psoriasis are presented. No comorbid pathologies were revealed in these patients during further examination. Thus, genetically engineered biologic therapy with ustekinumab (45 mg subcutaneously according to the recommended treatment regimen) was initiated due to the absence of any contraindications. 58.33% of all patients have achieved lower scores of PASI 90 index 12 weeks after therapy initiation. Conclusion . Management with genetically engineered biologic drugs such as ustekinumab (according to recommended regimen) may be suggested for patients with palmoplantar psoriasis due to its systemic chronic pathological process and lesions of functionally significant areas and in cases when standard external therapy, physical therapy, and classical immunosuppressants lack efficacy, in the absence of contraindications.
Prevalence of sleep disorders in Parkinson’s disease patients in Ethiopia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract

ABSTRACT Background: Non motor symptoms (NMS) of Parkinson’s disease (PD) are common and can be more disabling than motor symptoms. Sleep disorders can be seen in up to 98% of patients with Parkinson disease. Poor sleep quality has been associated with poverty and race, and yet there has been no prior report on sleep disorders in those with PD living in sub Saharan Africa. We wished to document the prevalence of sleep disorders in PD patients in Ethiopia. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional point prevalence study from July 1 to October 30, 2015 of all patients attending the neurology outpatient department in Tikur Anbessa and Zewuditu Memorial Hospitals, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Demographic data, clinical history and physical examination findings were collected from participants using a structured questionnaire. We used the Parkinson’s disease sleep scale version two (PDSS-2) and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) to assess the sleep symptoms. Results: Of the 155 patients surveyed, all patients reported some sleep problem. Over 23% of patients had a PDSS score > 30. Hoehn and Yahr score > 3 (OR 6.16; 95% CI 1.59-23.9, p=0.009) and PD symptom duration > 5 yrs (OR 5.11; 95% CI 1.41-18.5, p=.013) associated with a high PDSS-2 score. The median score of ESS was 9 (IQR = 5-12), with 77/155 (49.7%) of the patients having possible or definite excessive daytime somnolence. Conclusions: In Ethiopian PD patients, the prevalence of those with severe sleep disorders is the highest reported to date. The prevalence of possible/definite EDS is amongst the highest in the world. Further investigation into whether poverty or race explains this finding is needed. Keywords: Parkinson’s disease, Sleep disorders, Africa, poverty
On fatigue life predictions for notched members by the nominal stress-based and the local strain-based methods

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Traditional engineeringmodels for addressing fatigue issues are based on empirical relations between the necessary number of cycles for fatigue failures $N_f$ and either, the nominal stress $\sigma_{an}$ or the local strain $\epsilon_a$ amplitudes. The aim of the present paper is to highlight the advantages of the local strain-based approach $\epsilon N$ for fatigue assessment of notched components over the more traditional stress-based approach $\sigma N$. Since a closed form solution for the ratio between fatigue life predictions among the two methods does not exist, we have considered a hypothetical case study that included variables such as the applied stress, the stress concentration factor and the structural material, and numerically calculated the expected fatigue life according to each approach. In order to highlight the differences related with the stress-strain analysis, the applied nominal stresses (uniaxial) were limited to the elastic region where both methods use approximately the same fatigue strength curve. Additionally a unique and equal function for accounting for themean stress effects was incorporated in both approaches. Fatigue life predictions are expressed in universal graphs of normalized stress versus the $N_f-ratio$, the latter parameter defined as the quotient between the $N_f$ predictions according to the $\sigma N$ and $\epsilon N$ approaches, considering the average values for a group of sixty structural steels at each load level. The results confirm that fatigue life predictions under the traditional stress based approach are conservative when compared to the strain based approach for all the possible scenarios described by the variables involved.
The strikes in Winnipeg in May 1918 : the prelude to 1919?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

While realizing the necessity of being aware of the work of others, in order to get a reasonably adequate view of the events of May 1918 in Winnipeg, it has been necessary to make extensive use of primary sources, contemporary newspapers, interviews, and archival material. Wherever possible the information closest to the source has been used. Contemporary newspapers have been particularly valuable primary sources because they tended to report in depth about meetings, speeches, agreements, and announcements. Fortunately, by making comparisons with official documents, now available, it has been possible to verify that in general, newspaper reports were reasonably accurate. Except for the Telegram, most newspapers kept their news gathering function quite sharply separated from their editorial function. Interviews have been conducted with the realization that elderly people do not always remember the past as it really was. Their perceptions are, nevertheless, interesting...
Bovine Lactoferrin Induces Cell Cycle Arrest and Inhibits Mtor Signaling in Breast Cancer Cells

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

AbstractLactoferrin (LF) is predominantly found in mammalian secretions with recognized anticancer potential, although the mechanisms involved in such activity are still unclear. Here, the stability, internalization, and cytotoxicity of bovine LF (bLF) and its variants were tested against a panel of breast cancer cells. bLF was found to be very stable under incubation with cells and also able to internalize them, although most of the protein remained in the culture medium. Furthermore, bLF (up to 30 μM) inhibited the growth of breast cancer cells (T-47D, MDA-MB-231, Hs578T, and MCF-7) in a higher extent than in the normal counterpart cell line (MCF-10-2A), thus suggesting its selectivity. Regarding its variants, only the iron-saturated protein showed a higher activity compared with the commercial bLF. bLF growth inhibitory activity was associated with the induction of cell cycle arrest, but not with apoptosis. Moreover, exposure to bLF increased the cells phospho-AMPKα levels and decreased both phospho threonine mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and total mTOR levels, indicating a novel mechanism of action through its ability to induce nutrient/energy-related stress. This study disclosed important findings to better understand the mechanisms underlying the bLF effects on breast cancer cell lines, which could be valuable for novel advances in the cancer research field. SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIALSupplementary data for this article can be found on the publisher's website.Additional informationFundingWe acknowledge the financial support from Erasmus Mundus External Cooperation window (Bridging the Gap), the Strategic Projects PEst-OE/EQB/LA0023/2013 and PEst-OE/AGR/UI4033/2014, as well as the Project RECI/BBB-EBI/0179/2012 (FCOMP-01-0124-FEDER-027462), all funded by Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia.