jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Studies on Some Possible Biochemical Treatments of Primary Hyperoxaluria

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The effects of some putative inhibitors of oxalate production or urinary oxalate excretion have been investigated in the Cynamolgus monkey and in patients with Type I primary hyperoxaluria (hyperoxaluria with glycollic aciduria). Sodium-1-hydroxybutan-sulphonate, D,L-phenyllactate, succinimide and isocarboxazide did not reduce the urinary oxalate excretion in the monkeys. Pyridoxine reduced the excretion of oxalate and glycollate in some patients, and its therapeutic use has been documented over a five-year period. Succinimide, which has been used by other workers for the treatment of non-hyperoxaluric stone formers, did not decrease the excretion of either oxalate or glycollate in three patients in whom it was tried. It did not change the inhibitory activity of the urine with respect to the growth and aggregation of calcium oxalate crystals in any of the three patients, and it did not have any consistent effect on the excretion of calcium oxalate crystals in the one patient who had detectable crystaluria before treatment. We have identified several metabolites of succinimide in the urine of patients taking the drug. These include 2,3-dehydrosuccinamic, 2-hydroxysuccinamic and 3-hydroxysuccinamic acids. Isocarboxazide, cholestyramine and thiamine did not affect the urinary oxalate excretion in the patients. The significance of these observations from the viewpoint of the treatment of primary hyperoxaluria is discussed.
An unstructured grid algorithm for the solution of Maxwell's equations in the time domain

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The solution of problems involving the scattering of plane electromagnetic waves by perfectly conducting obstacles is considered. The governing equations are Maxwell's equations, which are expressed in a conservation form. The solution is then obtained by modifying a technique which was applied originally to the solution of the compressible Euler equations on a mesh consisting of an unstructured assembly of linear triangular elements in 3D. The computed solution can be used to determine the radar cross‐section of the scatterer.
Shareholder wealth effects when an officer of one corporation joins the board of directors of another

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Abstract Officers of large corporations, having demonstrated expertise in managing complex organizations, would appear to be ideal additions to the boards of directors of other corporations. Shareholder wealth effects are examined for 124 announcements in which an officer of one public corporation joins the board of directors of another. The results indicate that the values of nonfinancial firms that send directors to other firms decline significantly, while those of financial senders increase significantly. Receiving firms of both types do not gain. The results suggest that for nonfinancial firms the added duties of an outside directorship distract corporate officers from managing their own firms or are signals to the market that managers are available to other firms. For financial senders, the benefits of networking appear to strongly outweigh any drawbacks. Cross‐sectional regressions suggest that prediction errors are higher for receiving firms if they have performed poorly prior to the announcement and less negative for sending firms if they have performed well prior to the announcement. Abnormal returns are negatively related to the size of the sender, adding support for the notion that busy executives are less valuable as outside directors.
Peer Review #2 of "Genomic diversity of Escherichia coli from healthy children in rural Gambia (v0.1)"

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Little is known about the genomic diversity of Escherichia coli in healthy children from sub-Saharan Africa, even though this is pertinent to understanding bacterial evolution and ecology and their role in infection.We isolated and whole-genome sequenced up to five colonies of faecal E. coli from 66 asymptomatic children aged three-to-five years in rural Gambia (n=88 isolates from 21 positive stools).We identified 56 genotypes, with an average of 2.7 genotypes per host.These were spread over 37 seven-allele sequence types and the E. coli phylogroups A, B1, B2, C, D, E, F and Escherichia cryptic clade I.Immigration events accounted for three-quarters of the diversity within our study population, while one-quarter of variants appeared to have arisen from within-host evolution.Several isolates encode putative virulence factors commonly found in Enteropathogenic and Enteroaggregative E. coli, and 53% of the isolates encode resistance to three or more classes of antimicrobials.Thus, resident E. coli in these children may constitute reservoirs of virulence-and resistance-associated genes.Moreover, several study strains were closely related to isolates that caused disease in humans or originated from livestock.Our results suggest that within-host evolution plays a minor role in the generation of diversity compared to independent immigration and the establishment of strains among our study population.Also, this study adds significantly to the number of commensal E. coli genomes, a group that has been traditionally underrepresented in the sequencing of this species.
Imprints of Nuclear Symmetry Energy on Properties of Neutron Stars

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Significant progress has been made in recent years in constraining the\ndensity dependence of nuclear symmetry energy using terrestrial nuclear\nlaboratory data. Around and below the nuclear matter saturation density, the\nexperimental constraints start to merge in a relatively narrow region. At\nsupra-saturation densities, there are, however, still large uncertainties.\nAfter summarizing the latest experimental constraints on the density dependence\nof nuclear symmetry energy, we highlight a few recent studies examining\nimprints of nuclear symmetry energy on the binding energy, energy release\nduring hadron-quark phase transitions as well as the $w$-mode frequency and\ndamping time of gravitational wave emission of neutron stars.\n
On Detection and Estimation of Multiple Sources in Radar Array Processing

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This thesis deals with detection and estimation problems in sensor array signal processing. We treat the multiple hypothesis problem for complex sinusoids observed in spatially colored noise. The detection scheme protects against false alarms by allowing the user to set the thresholds such that a specified probability of over-estimation is obtained. The method relies on using the Sequentially Rejective Bonferroni Test for bounding the false alarm probability. As test statistics, generalized likelihood ratios are used together with the Nonlinear Weighted Least Squares, NWLS, estimates. The NWLS method is shown to be consistent and the asymptotic multivariate Gaussian distribution of the parameter estimates is derived under a large class of noise distributions. We also treat adaptive data reduction with minimal information loss via linear transformations. This is investigated for both stochastic and deterministic source signal models observed in complex Gaussian colored noise. The criterion used is preservation of the Cramér-Rao Bounds, CRB. The optimal transformation depends on the unknown noise covariance matrix as well as the unknown directions of arrival. However, as is shown, one may use the array covariance matrix instead of the noise covariance matrix, without affecting the CRB. The transformation results in lower computational complexity and a reduced sensitivity to colored noise. To further reduce the computational load, we present an approach that combines the information preserving linear transformation with a uniform linear array interpolation. This enables the use of computationally efficient approaches for direction estimation such as the Root-MUSIC, ESPRIT or IQML methods. Finally, we treat a different problem, namely the classification problem. Therein, it is often desirable to reduce the number of features used for classifying a set of data. We propose a linear transformation that reduces the feature dimension so that the separation between the classes is retained, as measured by all pairwise Mahalanobis distances between the classes. In the two class case, it coincides with the well known Fisher linear discriminant function. The proposed method is found to perform well in comparison to other established techniques.
Individualized Learning Patterns Require Individualized Conversations – Data-Driven Insights from the Field on How Chatbots Instruct Students in Solving Exercises

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Chatbots can foster the learning success of students in educational settings. This has been shown in prior research studies, e.g., using laboratory studies in online learning settings. Actual evaluations of using educational chatbots in the field are nevertheless rarely reported. Thus, insights into the students' interactions with chatbots in long-term field settings are missing. In this research study, we aim at gaining insights into the students' interactions with an educational chatbot in a programming course. To this aim, we follow an explorative data-driven discourse analysis approach and show how students interacted with the chatbot during a field study lasting several months. We ground our analysis on a dataset from 54 students interacting with a chatbot while working on programming exercise tasks. We reveal how students interact with the chatbot and identify different types of usage patterns. The results imply that adaptive learning paths are one of the most important aspects of educational chatbot design for dealing with heterogeneous usage patterns.
Distribution of estuarine benthic diatom species along salinity and nutrient gradients

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Changes in relative abundance of estuarine epipelic microalgae along an estuarine gradient were investigated, and population densities of different species along a small-scale nutrient gradient generated by a sewage treatment outfall and in laboratory mesocosms enriched with ammonium were also studied. The relative abundance of certain species of epipelic diatoms was related to location along the estuarine salinity and nutrient gradient: Navicula gregaria and N. phyllepta were abundant at oligo- and mesohaline sites respectively, and Pleurosigma angulatum and Plagiotropis vitrea were abundant at polyhaline sites. On a smaller spatial scale, though there were no significant patterns in microalgal biomass in relation to nutrient enrichment, there were significant differences in the population densities of different epipelic species along a multivariate nutrient gradient (decreasing concentrations of ammonium, nitrite, silicate, organic content, and increasing salinity and pore-water nitrate concentrations) away from a sewage outfall along a saltmarsh creek. The diatoms Nitzschia sigma and Gyrosigma limosum and the cyanobacteria Oscillatoria limosa and O. princeps had significantly higher population densities near the outfall, and Navicula phyllepta, N. pargemina, Nitzschia frustulum, Cylindrotheca signata and Pleurosigma angulatum were significantly more abundant at the seaward end of the gradient. In laboratory tidal mesocosms, sediment cores from along the gradient had their pore-water ammonium concentrations increased to 380–450 μM NH4 +. After 26 days, the population densities of Gyrosigma fasciola, G. littorale, P. angulatum, N. phyllepta, Cylindrotheca signata, C. closterium and Niztschia apiculata were significantly reduced, while those of G. limosum, N. sigma, Scolioneis tumida and O. limosa were unaffected, or were significantly higher compared with control cores. Laboratory manipulations of ammonium concentrations supported the observed field distributions, indicating that epipelic species do have different trophic preferences and ammonium concentration may be a significant factor in determining estuarine species composition of epipelic algae.
ChemInform Abstract: Unsaturated Hetero Chains. Part 7. The Synthesis of 1‐Thioacyl‐ oligonitriles.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Pathomorphological changes and immunolocalization of matrix metalloproteinases in the placenta of cows during afterbirth retention

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

For the first time, using histochemical and immunohistochemical methods, epithelialized defects with signs of dystrophy in the crypts of caruncles in cows with afterbirth retention were established. The number of diplocaryocytes per unit area in the placenta of a cow during normal delivery was three times higher than the number of cells in cows with afterbirth retention. In the stroma of the villi of the allantochorion of the cotyledons, an increase in the number of collagen fibers and an increase in the number of fibroblasts, which are larger than in normal childbirth, have been established. In samples obtained from cows with afterbirth retention in the stroma of defragmented maternal crypts, the distribution of MMP was established, and immunopositive cells were fixed around the vessels, with active production of MMP-1 and MMP-3. Decreases in MMP-2 and MMP-9 in placentomas were observed in the allantochorion villi of the fetal part of the placenta. Thus, MMP-2 and МMP-9 are localized in the cotyledon and can affect the timely release of allantochorion villi from the crypts of the caruncles, ensuring the separation of fetal membranes from the maternal placenta in cattle.
A successful hybrid operation for life-threatening hemorrhagic shock secondary to an iatrogenic ruptured pseudoaneurysm of the external iliac artery following percutaneous arterial access

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Intravascular treatments such as arterial embolization and resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta are being increasingly performed in emergency cases, in addition to the increasing use of arterial access as an intensive care monitoring tool. Thus, arterial access-related complications are being commonly reported. A 40- year-old man with renal artery stenosis underwent renal artery stent placement via the left inguinal puncture approach. After the procedure, his groin was manually compressed to hemostasis for 30 min. He unexpectedly developed shock the following day, and computed tomography revealed a ruptured pseudoaneurysm of the left external iliac artery (EIA) following iatrogenic vascular trauma owing to an inappropriately performed groin puncture. We initially controlled the hemorrhage using endovascular balloon occlusion of the left EIA. Subsequently, the injured EIA was repaired using a direct suture. The postoperative course was uneventful. Herein, we evaluated the causes of iatrogenic complications and the effectiveness of our treatment strategy.
Oryza sativa L. AGG 74775 RICE

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Plant Genetic Resource.
Taxonomy: Oryza sativa L.
Common name(s): rice
Other names: Brazos
Conserved by: Australian Grains Genebank, DEECA (AGG), Australia
Local sample unique identifier: AGG 74775 RICE
Method of creation: Acquisition
Date: 1977-01-01
Other identifiers: n/a,CPI 74775, n/a,P 12513, n/a,IRRI-IRGC-24273, n/a,CIor 9875, n/a,AusTRCF 74775
Historical: No
Biological status: Breeding/research material
MLS status: Included
Evidence of Validity of the The Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S ) in the argentinian context

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S) is one of the most widely psychometric instruments used for assessing the fear of COVID-19 in the international context. The present study aims to analyze the evidence of validity based on the internal structure, in relation to other variables and reliability of the FCV-19S among a sample of 223 adults from Argentina aged between 21 and 85 years (M = 50.96 years; SD = 16.57) and of both sexes (males = 30.5%; females = 69.5%). Results indicated very good values in terms of its reliability (ω = .94; α = .93). The confirmatory factor analysis yields adequate values in terms of the validity criteria based on the internal structure of the scale, providing empirical support for a unidimensional model. Likewise, the associations between the FCV-19S and the Brief Fear of Death Scale provide evidence of validity related to other variables. The study demonstrates that the FCV-19S is a valid and reliable instrument to interpret the fear of COVID-19 in the local context, although future studies should continue to investigate its psychometric properties.
Synchronization of pairs of nanosecond pulses from a laser with two gain crystals pumped with two different sources.

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A Q-switched laser emitting two pulses at 1047 and 1064 nm using two Nd:YLF and Nd:YVO4 crystals inside the same cavity, and pumped with two different wavelengths. A pre-study to generate THz radiation using DFG. 2019, D. Staufert and R. Cudney.
Parental Divorce Disclosures, Young Adults’ Emotion Regulation Strategies, and Feeling Caught

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Little research has focused on young adult children's emotion management during parental divorce disclosures. However, understanding the ways in which divorce disclosures impact young adults is paramount in promoting healthy family communication. A greater comprehension of these impacts can help families process through difficult conversations and understand disclosures' influence on individuals' mental and emotional health. Guided by the divorce disclosure model (Afifi, Schrodt, & McManus, 2009b), the current study included 419 young adult (i.e, aged 18–30) participants who completed an online questionnaire, including a newly developed communicative emotion management measure. Through structural equation modeling, results indicated that cognitive reappraisal and feeling caught mediate the relationship between divorce disclosures and emotion regulation strategies and that this association is contingent upon young adults' mental health. Implications are discussed, and suggestions for family research and practitioner guidance are offered.
A case study in phonological development

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The emergence and later fading of two phonological templates – a ‘palatal’ template and consonant harmony – are investigated in the first 500 words produced by a child acquiring Estonian and English. Throughout the period the child’s use of palatal forms, in particular, considerably exceeds their frequency in Estonian, the child’s dominant language. Regression in accuracy is also traced, both overall and in individual word forms. Changes in frequency of use of the template patterns are related to growth in the size of the lexicon, the consonant inventory, and the length in syllables of words attempted. Articulatory difficulty is found to play at best a minor role in motivating pattern use, which is ascribed instead to the challenges of planning and recall.
Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibition Modulates Fibroblast-Mediated Matrix Contraction and Collagen Production In Vitro

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

MMPs are produced during Tenon's capsule fibroblast-mediated collagen lattice contraction. Broad-spectrum MMP inhibition significantly reduced matrix contraction and production without cell toxicity. Future clinical use of MMP inhibitors may be possible, because MMP inhibition significantly reduces fibroblast functions associated with contractile scarring.
Workflow Model of Equipment Maintenance Support Based on Petri-Net

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

With analyzing related conceptions and contents of equipment maintenance support (EMS) workflow model, this paper develops graphical modeling tool, Workflow Model Graphic Editor, for workflow based on VC++. Models created by this tool not only can be executed on workflow engine by converting them to WPDL (Workflow Process Definition Language), but also can be exported as ".ex" files (simulate models) that can be executed on simulation software-ExSpect. By simulating these workflow models, this paper analyzes the validity, rationality and operational efficiency of EMS workflow model. Consequently, it carries out Business Process Reengineering (BPR) for EMS process.
Effectiveness of Achilles tendon stretching for the treatment of chronic plantar fasciitis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BackgroundPlantar fasciitis is a common cause of heel pain. Its characteristic features are pain and tenderness on the medial aspect of the heel. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the outcome of the Achilles tendon-stretching protocol for patients with chronic plantar fasciitis.Patients and methodsA total of 24 patients who had chronic proximal fasciitis for a duration of at least 6 months participated in this study. The patients received instructions for an Achilles tendon-stretching program. Pain and functional limitations were evaluated with the Foot Functional Index pain subscale and the American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society Ankle-Hindfoot Scale. The patients were re-evaluated after 6 months.ResultsThe mean Foot Functional Index baseline scoring was 7.69, whereas its mean scoring at follow-up was 1.44. The American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society Scale outcome measures also revealed significant improvement for 22 (91%) patients who practiced the Achilles tendon-stretching exercises regularly. Only two (9%) patients reported little improvement, as they were not compliant with the daily stretching routine.ConclusionThis study provides an effective, inexpensive, and straightforward treatment protocol for the chronic plantar fasciitis. In addition, compliance may have affected the results if the patients did not perform their exercises regularly.
Data-Folding and Hyperspace Coding for Multi-Dimensonal Time-Series Data Imaging

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Multi-Dimensional time series classification and prediction has been widely used in many fields, such as disease prevention, fault diagnosis and action recognition. However, the traditional method needs manual intervention and inference, and cannot realize the figurative expression of multi-Dimensional data, which lead to inadequate information mining. Inspired by the strong power of deep learning technology in image processing, we propose a unified time-series image fusion framework to transform multi-modal data into 2D-image, and then realize automatic feature extraction and classification based on a lightweight convolutional neural network. We present two basic image coding methods, Gray image coding, RGB image coding, and their step coding methods. Considering the universality of different application fields, we extended the coding method and propose two types transform coding, Transform-RGB coding and RGB-Transform coding, to improve the multi-domain representation ability. By applying to three typical scenes of Parkinson's disease diagnosis, bearing fault detection and gymnastics action recognition, we obtained the highest classification accuracy of 100%, 92.86% and 99.70% respectively, which were all higher than the classical processing methods. It proves the strong classification ability and universality of our coding framework to different multi-dimensional scenes. We expect that this method can be used and perform well in other scenarios, and be potential to facilitate the progress of related technology.