jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Examining testlet effects in the TestDaF listening section: A testlet response theory modeling approach

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Testlets are subsets of test items that are based on the same stimulus and are administered together. Tests that contain testlets are in widespread use in language testing, but they also share a fundamental problem: Items within a testlet are locally dependent with possibly adverse consequences for test score interpretation and use. Building on testlet response theory (Wainer, Bradlow, & Wang, 2007), the listening section of the Test of German as a Foreign Language (TestDaF) was analyzed to determine whether, and to which extent, testlet effects were present. Three listening passages (i.e., three testlets) with 8, 10, and 7 items, respectively, were analyzed using a two-parameter logistic testlet response model. The data came from two live exams administered in April 2010 ( N = 2859) and November 2010 ( N = 2214). Results indicated moderate effects for one testlet, and small effects for the other two testlets. As compared to a standard IRT analysis, neglecting these testlet effects led to an overestimation of test reliability and an underestimation of the standard error of ability estimates. Item difficulty and item discrimination estimates remained largely unaffected. Implications for the analysis and evaluation of testlet-based tests are discussed.
Power Reduction in Punch-Through Current-Based Electro-Thermal Annealing in Gate-All-Around FETs

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Device guidelines for reducing power with punch-through current annealing in gate-all-around (GAA) FETs were investigated based on three-dimensional (3D) simulations. We studied and compared how different geometric dimensions and materials of GAA FETs impact heat management when down-scaling. In order to maximize power efficiency during electro-thermal annealing (ETA), applying gate module engineering was more suitable than engineering the isolation or source drain modules.
[Lipid peroxidation, collagen metabolism and cellular immunity indices of patients with chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

An increase in the activity of lipid peroxidation was established in patients with chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis. They were noted in parallel with marked disorders of indices of cellular immunity and collagen metabolism. The relationship between lipid peroxidation and the main pathogenetic mechanisms of chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis (the immunological ones and fibrosis formation) was established.
Evaluation of the antimicrobial activities of two Ziziphus species (Ziziphus mauritiana L. and Ziziphus spinachristi L.) on some microbial pathogens

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The antimicrobial effects Ethanolic extracts of leaves of two species of genusZiziphus were determined against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans. S. pyogeneswas the most susceptible followed by E. coli while S. aureus was the least susceptible. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were 1 mg, 5 mg ml-1 and 20 mg, 40 mg ml-1, respectively. Extracts showed no activity against the fungal isolates - A. niger and C. albicans. The plants cannot be used in treating any type of fungal infections (dermatophycoses). The phytochemicals identified were cardiac glycosides, polyphenols, saponins and tannins. Extracts from these plants could be useful in the treatment of nosocomial infections, opportunistic infection of the unary tract (UTI), infantile gastroenteritis, travelers’ diarrhea, wound infection, meningitis, and wounds infection which are diseases caused by some of these organisms.

Key words: Antimicrobial activity, pathogenic microbes, phytochemical constituents, Ziziphus.
Syntesis and characterization of zein nanoparticles loaded with essential oil of Ocimum gratissimum and Pimenta racemosa

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Essential oils are extremely volatile and chemically unstable when submitted to a processing, and new strategies are necessary to stabilize them, prolonging and preserving their characteristics. In present research, essential oils of Ocimum gratissimum and Pimenta racemosa were analyzed by CG/MS. Zein nanoparticles loaded with Ocimum gratissimum and Pimenta racemosa were syntetized and their physichochemical characteristics, antioxidant activity, encapsulation efficiency and stability during storage were evaluated. The results of FT-IR prove a positive encapsulation. Micrographs obtained by TEM demonstrate that nanoparticles presented homogeneous populations, spherical shape, smooth surface. Nanoparticles loaded with essential oils presented a good physicochemical stability, with a high encapsulation efficiency, without formation of precipitant during the 180 days of storage on 6 and 20 °C. Moreover, nanoparticles presented capacity to reduce the free radical DPPH, demonstranting antioxidant activity. Thus, zein nanoparticles loaded with essential oil of Ocimum gratissimum and Pimenta racemosa presents a potential to application in a food system, with a good stability and high antioxidant action.
Inelastic Neutron Magnetic Scattering from Amorphous and Polycrystalline PrNi 5

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The temperature dependence of inelastic neutron scattering spectra from amorphous Pr16.7Nia.3 and polycrystalline PrNi5 was studied using the thermal neutron time- of-flight spectrometer IN4 at the HFR of the Institut Laue-Langevin in Grenoble. For polycrystalline PrNis there are 3 well-resolved crystal field transitions in the energy range investigated (1.7 to 15 meV) and two further transitions unresolved in the wings of the elastic peak. In contrast to these very pronounced peaks in the dynamic structure factor S(8, w) of the sample after crystallization, S(8, w) of as-sputtered amorphous Pr16.7Nia.3 shows no structure in the energy region investigated, but some additional intensity of magnetic origin near the elastic region appears. We analyse this intensity of the experimental spectra of the amorphous sample by an averaging procedure of the phenomenological crystalline-electric-field (CEF) Hamiltonian. The coefficients of this Hamiltonian take into account the possibility of deformations of the nearest surrounding of the Pr3+ ion in the amorphous sample. The averaging of deformations of two types was carried out: without and with distortions of the local crystalline symmetry, the latter being responsible for the absence of any CEF peaks between 3 and 15meV and the intensity increase in the vicinity of the elastic peak in the spectra of the amorphous sample.
The Form of Deor

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The old english poem Deor is preserved only in the Exeter Book (ff. 100 a -100 b ) and its obscurities have given rise to a goodly number of speculations and emendations. As is proper, the main concern of scholarship has been to establish the literal meaning of its lines and the identity of the historical and semi-mythical characters to which direct allusion is made. Less attention has been paid for various reasons—at least in this century—to its overall signification: our ignorance of Germanic literary genres, our hesitancy to speculate until the certainty of the literal meaning can be established, positivistic biases, a lack of interest in this subject, a tendency to assume that there is no difficulty about understanding the poem's general aim or purpose.
Comparison of optical feedback cavity enhanced absorption spectroscopy and gas chromatography for the measurement of the main components and impurities in biogas, landfill gas, biomethane and carbon dioxide streams

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract In this study, we evaluated the performances of a custom-built optical feedback cavity enhanced absorption spectroscopy (OFCEAS) instrument for the determination of the composition of energy gases, focusing on methane and carbon dioxide as main components, and carbon monoxide as impurities, in comparison with the well-established, validated, and traceable gas chromatographic method. A total of 115 real sample gases collected in biogas plants or landfills were analyzed using with both techniques over a period of 12 months. The comparison of the techniques showed that the virtual model which allows the measurement, needs to be optimized using real samples of varied compositions. The OFCEAS measurement technique was found to be capable of measuring both the main components and a trace component in different matrices; to within a 2% measurement uncertainty (higher than the gas chromatograph/thermal conductivity detector (GC/TCD) method). The OFCEAS method exhibits a very fast response, does not require daily calibration, and can be implemented online. The agreements between the OFCEAS technique and the GC/TCD method show that the drift of the OFCEAS instruments remains acceptable in the long term as long as no change is made to the virtual model. Matrix effects were observed, and those need to be taken into consideration when analyzing different types of samples.
Characterisation of Shale Gas Reservoirs in the Uralik Formation, Western Margin of the Ordos Basin

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The Lower Paleozoic Ordovician at the western margin of the Ordos Basin is rich in natural gas resources, and the results of the gas test show that the mud shale and greywacke sections of the Uralik Formation have good oil and gas shows. Therefore, the study of reservoir characteristics and controlling factors of the Uralik Formation is of great significance for the exploration of natural gas in this formation. Based on the study of reservoir space type and physical characteristics of mud shale and greywacke in the Uralik Formation, this paper further investigates the reservoir control factors. The results show that the reservoir space of the Uralik Formation is mainly developed with cracks, pores and caves. The enrichment of shale gas requires the mud shale to have the dual properties of hydrocarbon production and storage, and the study of reservoir characteristics is to lay the foundation for the next step of enrichment and reservoir formation.
Towards a solution of the strongCPproblem by compact extra dimensions

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We show that the strong CP problem can, in principle, be solved dynamically\nby adding extra-dimensions with compact topology. To this aim we consider a toy\nmodel for QCD, which contains a vacuum angle and a strong CP like problem. We\nfurther consider a higher dimensional theory, which has a trivial vacuum\nstructure and which reproduces the perturbative properties of the toy model in\nthe low-energy limit. In the weak coupling regime, where our computations are\nvalid, we show that the vacuum structure of the low-energy action is still\ntrivial and the strong CP problem is solved. No axion-like particle occur in\nthis setup and therefore it is not ruled out by astrophysical bounds.\n
Longevity Records for Bats in Mongolia

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Bats live disproportionally longer compared to other small mammals. This has made them good candidate for research questions related to aging and mechanisms that influence longevity. In this report, we compiled survival data from our own research as well as from published records of bat recaptures in Mongolia. Longevity records revealed that five out of the ten species that have been marked over time show evidence of long-term survival. This included max longevity records for: Myotis petax with an individual surviving for at least 28 years after initial banding. In addition, other records include Myotis davidii (>10 years), and Cnephaeus nilssonii (>7 years). All recapture data were from species roosting in caves and generally found during hibernation. These results contribute to our general understanding of longevity in hibernating bats and the potential importance of individual bats survival to the conservation of bats species in Mongolia.
SEMPRE: Spectral Editing Mediated by Paramagnetic Relaxation Enhancement

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Paramagnetic relaxation enhancement (PRE) has become a useful and widely applied tool in biomolecular NMR spectroscopy. In particular investigations of large complexes or transient contacts benefit from PRE effects. Frequently such studies involve modification of the biomacromolecules under study. We here present a method for editing NMR spectra by utilizing a soluble gadolinium complex that broadens nuclear spins being at or close to the macromolecule-solvent interface. NOE signals in NOESY spectra are selectively attenuated if surface exposed nuclear spins are involved. HSQC-type spectra with paramagnetic agent contain only signals of the interior of the protein, while the corresponding difference spectra harbor signals allocated to surface spins. Thus, the number of signals can be reduced helping to minimize spectral overlap in large proteins. The method reveals additional information about the localization of spins being helpful for structure determination of large complexes.
FORMATION OF A CONSCIOUS ATTITUDE TO THE LEARNING OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES: THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL BASIS

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The author focuses on the importance of learning foreign languages on their practical importance in the life of a specialist and a person in general.On the basis of the analysis of domestic laws in the field of education and other normative legal acts, it distinguishes the qualitative policy of the state in terms of theoretical and methodological guidelines of society. The scientist proves the expediency of legal innovation in the educational process of learning foreign languages. This is due to irreversible globalization processes and transformations in the world.The researcher convincingly proves that foreign languages are not just academic disciplines, but subjects of necessity, the knowledge of which is applied in practice in various spheres of human life. This is an emphasis on the formation of one of the human competencies, fixed at the legislative level, and the entry into the world of new realities of a new planetary understanding of the essence of the philosophy of education of the 21st century.The theoretical and methodological foundations and aspects, innovativeness of their content, direction of implementation, fixed at the legislative level of Ukraine regarding the formation of a conscious attitude of the society to the study and mastering of foreign languages at all levels of domestic education are analyzed.The strategic tasks of national education at the current stage before state bodies and local self-government bodies in the field of education are highlighted. Directions for further research are outlined, taking into account European and international experience. Keywords: theoretical and methodological principles; society; foreign languages; legislative framework; state policy; the essence of the philosophy of education; New Ukrainian school; meaningful motivation; self-realization; competence; legal innovation introduction.
LHD 2-O_RL01 #174320.1 (analyzed)

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Luminance data of the plasma monitor camera. Time variation of the average and maximum luminance within the ROI (Region of Interests) of the plasma images observed by the 2-O port camera, where ROI is (938,702) - (994,778) of the original image of 1920x1080. The luminance value is between 0 and 255 in arbitrary unit.
Effect of Nurse's Character for Care and Sense of Coherence on Professional Quality of Life Among Oncology Nurses

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Purpose\nThe purpose of this study was to identify the influence of the nurse's character on care and the sense of coherence (SOC) on the professional quality of life among oncology nurses.\n\nMethods\nData were collected from June 2 to July 1, 2020. The participants were 185 oncology nurses caring for cancer patients. Data were analyzed using independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Scheffé test, Pearson correlation coefficient, and hierarchical multiple regression with the SPSS/WIN 22.0 program. Nurse's Character Scale for Care in Clinical Settings (NCS_C) and SOC, Professional Quality Of Life (ProQOL), which is conceptualized with three sub-dimensions (compassion satisfaction, compassion fatigue, burnout, and secondary traumatic stress), along with demographic and work-related variables were measured.\n\nResults\nThe compassion satisfaction and burnout results had a significant correlation with the nurse' s character for care and SOC. In multiple regression analysis, the meaningfulness of sub-dimension SOC (β=.58) accounted for 67.8% of compassion satisfaction and the meaningfulness of sub-dimension SOC (β=−.37) accounted for 55.4% of burnout.\n\nConclusion\nMeaningfulness of sub-dimension SOC was an important factor that could be used to improve the professional quality of life among oncology nurses. Therefore, it is necessary to develop and make available programs for oncology nurses to improve compassion satisfaction, and methods to decrease burnout needs to be developed.
15: SERUM TAU AND P-TAU AS DIAGNOSTIC AND PROGNOSTIC TOOLS FOR PEDIATRIC TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: The aim of this study was to assess the utilization of tau and tau phosphorylated at the threonine 181 (p-tau181) residue as diagnostic and prognostic neuronal blood-based biomarkers in the setting of mild and moderate pediatric traumatic brain injury (pTBI) according to the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) and Glasgow Outcome Scale Extended Pediatrics (GOS-E Peds). Methods: In this prospective observational study, we included 29 patients aged 0-18 years who sustained a mild/moderate pTBI (GCS 9-15) and 19 healthy controls (HC). Serum samples of tau and p-tau were collected and analyzed at the time of enrollment (0 hours), with follow-up measurements at 24 and 48 hours post-injury. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) and statistical comparisons were performed to analyze plasma biomarker concentrations and GCS severity, as well as binary GOS-E Peds outcome (5-8 = unfavorable, 1-4 = favorable), which was evaluated at 2-6 weeks, 6-9 months, and 12 months post-injury. Data were analyzed utilizing Prism 9 software. Results: Tau and p-tau levels were significantly elevated in patients who sustained mild/moderate pTBI compared to HC at 0h post-injury (p-value 0.017 and 0.001, respectively); with an AUC of 0.84 for tau and a 95% confidence interval (CI) between 0.71 and 0.97, and an AUC of 0.87 for p-tau with a 95% CI between 0.75 and 0.99. Furthermore, p-tau levels were also elevated at 48h post-injury versus HC (p-value 0.031) with an AUC of 0.93 and a 95% CI between 0.83 and 1.00. Our preliminary data suggest that p-tau measured at 0h could possibly predict unfavorable outcomes at 2-6 weeks and 6-9 months post-injury (p-value 0.014 and 0.021, accordingly) with an AUC of 0.90 for p-tau at 2-6 weeks and 0.80 at 6-9 months. In addition, when tau was measured at 0h, it correlated with outcome prediction at 12 months (p-value 0.004) with an AUC of 1.00. Conclusions: Serum tau and p-tau levels were elevated in mild/moderate pTBI subjects at 0h post-injury compared to HC. Thus, examining the relationship between elevations of these proteins following brain trauma with the GOS-E Peds at 2-6 weeks, 6-9 months, and 12 months post-injury could potentially assist with diagnosing pTBI and may help predict neurological outcomes.
The clinical efficacy and safety of promestriene vaginal tablets and aopingshuan in treatment of chronic cervicitis with high-risk HPV infection

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

【Objective】To compare the clinical efficacy and safety of promestriene vaginal tablets and Aopingshuan in treatment of chronic cervicitis with high-risk HPV infection. 【Methods】The chronic cervicitis with highrisk HPV infection treated in our hospital were randomly divided into observation group and control group,the control group using OPIN Suppository vaginal delivery,the observation group was given chlorquinaldol promestriene vaginal tablets. The two groups of patients with clinical effect,serum biochemical indexes improvement and the occurrence of adverse reactions were compared. 【Results】Total effective rate in the observation group was 95.75%,84.85% in the control group,the two groups showed significant difference(χ2=6.782,P 0.05); In observation group,the amount of vaginal discharge was significantly lower than the control group,the bleeding time and decrustation and healing time were significantly less than the control group(P 0.05). Treatment of 6 months and 12 months,the observation group HPV-DNA negative rate was significantly higher than that in control group,the difference had statistical significance between the two groups(χ2=25.636,54.440,P 0.05). The observation group serum zinc,IL-2 content was significantly higher than that in the control group,while IL-10 content was lower than that of the control group(P 0.05). 【Conclusion】Chlorquinaldol promestriene vaginal tablets haveexact clinical curative effect on chronic cervicitis with high-risk HPV infection,and improve the immune function of the body,and in the course of treatment no obvious adverse reactionwas found,it is safe and effective,worthy of clinical application.
A study of the performance of secret love in peach blossom land.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In 1986, the Performance Workshop, led by Stan Lai, performed Secret Love in Peach Blossom Land, a play created using the innovative improvisation method introduced into Taiwan by Lai, to overwhelming popular and critical acclaims. Over the past twenty years, Secret Love in Peach Blossom Land has been staged many times in many Asian countries with various versions. This thesis aims to discuss the two main versions of Secret Love in Peach Blossom Land, namely, the 1986 “Modern Spoken Drama” version and the 2006 “Modern Spoken Drama with Traditional Taiwanese Opera” version (a collaboration of the Performance Workshop and Ming Hua Yuan Taiwanese Opera Company). In this thesis, the two versions of Secret Love in Peach Blossom Land are the subjects of study, which is carried out in the light of the theory of Semiotics as proposed in Roland Barthes’ Mythologies. The analysis will focus on a discussion of the dramatic structure, cultural metaphors, and narrative style, taking into special consideration the respective social and political contexts of the 1980s and early twenty-first century. It is hoped that some lights will also be shed on the changes in the political and cultural consciousness, as well as the national and cultural identity of the creators and audiences.
Crowdfunding Project Success for Game Developers: Evidence from Kickstarter and Steam

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Crowdfunding has revolutionized business investor connection in many industries, one of which is game development. Traditionally, triple-A game developers and publishers were able to monopolize the industry, but with the emergence of crowdfunding platforms, smaller game development teams and companies have a way of competing with large corporations by attracting funds. However, Kickstarter reports show that two-third of game funding projects fail to meet their goals. This study develops and empirically examines a theoretical model to predict video game’s crowdfunding success to address this gap. We collect data on video game projects that were initiated on Kickstarter and were later released on the Steam platform. Our analysis of more than 7000 reward tiers for 1967 projects reveals that reward type (free game copy, in-game perks, accessories, artworks, and involvement), and reward description length positively influence funding success, while the number of reward tiers and funding period negatively impact funding success.