jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Examination of Hepatitis E after Renal Transplantation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development"An oral hepatitic group". Hepatitis E is identified as a zoonosis with a natural reservoir in pigs. Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection attracted close attention in Japan after the fatal case of patient with hepatitis E was reported in 2002, and after that reports of clinical HEV the hepatitis E infection increased rapidly. Infection via blood transfusion leads to further increased medical concerns. Subclinical infection is the most common situation, while rare cases of HEV infection develop subacute hepatitis, which resultsed in complete recovery. There were no data on chronic hepatitis E until recentlynow. However, in organ- transplantedation patients receiving immunosuppression therapy there is a possibility of chronicityzation and these patients need close attention. Here we report on 4 cases who developedin which hepatitis E developed after kidney transplantation and were diagnosed inat our institution. 2 cases of those remitted as acute hepatitis immediately. However 2 cases (case3 and 4) that take become the chronic hepatitis and do not heal. Chronic hepatitis cases that used an intensive immunosuppressive drug such as Rituximab and FTY720 compared with induction immunosuppressive therapy of the standard cases. Furthermore 2 cases that became the E type chronic hepatitis, lymphocyte counts of the peripheral blood and immunoglobulin were lighter than the standard acute hepatitis cases. For episode time, all cases are 3-6 years after renal transplant. The case that became the chronic hepatitis needed time-temperature tolerance until diagnosis was turned on. Therefore infection time and the route of infection are not clear. It is more difficult a treatment of chronic hepatitis cases than the standard acute hepatitis cases. When the patients of particularly intensive immunosuppression show the increase of the mild liver enzyme, we suspect HEV infection positively and should check HEV RNA. We thoroughly investigated potential route of HEV infection and present detailed clinical course in our cases. There will be the need to elucidate measures, treatment strategy in future by determining the route of infection of the hepatitis E in renal-transplant recipients of our country and presence of the chronicity.
SH222739.07FU

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.
BILE PERITONITIS IN INFANCY

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BILIARY peritonitis is an uncommon disease of childhood, usually produced by rupture of the biliary system from trauma, infection, or obstruction. Extremely rarely, it has been caused by the spontaneous rupture of a congenital defect in the biliary system. Such a case was recently encountered at the Boston City Hospital.

REPORT OF A CASE

A 3-week-old baby girl was admitted to the Boston City Hospital on June 17, 1949, with a brief history of pain and marked restlessness. The infant delivery had been normal in every respect, and only three days prior to admission she had been examined in a well-baby clinic and found to be in good health—weighing 10 lb. 6 oz. (4,700 gm.). The day prior to entry, the patient began crying, simultaneously drawing her legs up over the abdomen and becoming restless. During this day, she continued to take her feedings without vomiting and had a normal
Species Profiles. Life Histories and Environmental Requirements of Coastal Fishes and Invertebrates (Pacific Northwest). Olympia Oyster

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Species profiles are literature summaries of the taxonomy, morphology, range, life history, and environmental requirements of coastal aquatic species. They are designed to assist in environmental impact assessments. Olympia oysters initially spawn as males then alternate their functional genders. Spawning begins at 13-16 {degree}C and occurs from spring to fall. After a short planktonic stage, larvae attach to the substrate. Olympia oysters thrive at salinities of 25 ppt or above; they are killed by freezing temperatures. Olympia oysters once supported large sustenance and commercial fisheries. Olympia oysters have not returned to pre-exploitation population levels which declined because of pollution and loss of habitat. 32 refs., 2 figs.
The importance of denitrification for N2O emissions from an N-saturated forest in SW China: results from in situ 15N labeling experiments

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Long-term elevated atmogenic deposition (~5 g m−2 year−1) of reactive nitrogen (N) causes N saturation in forests of subtropical China which may lead to high nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. Recently, we found high N2O emission rates (up to 1,730 μg N2O–N m−2 h−1) during summer on well-drained acidic acrisols (pH = 4.0) along a hill slope in the forested Tieshanping catchment, Chongqing, southwest China. Here, we present results from an in situ 15N–NO3 − labeling experiment to assess the contribution of nitrification and denitrification to N2O emissions in these soils. Two loads of 99 at.% K15NO3 (equivalent to 0.2 and 1.0 g N m−2) were applied as a single dose to replicated plots at two positions along the hill slope (at top and bottom, respectively) during monsoonal summer. During a 6-day period after label application, we found that 71–100 % of the emitted N2O was derived from the labeled NO3 − pool irrespective of slope position. Based on this, we assume that denitrification is the dominant process of N2O formation in these forest soils. Within 6 days after label addition, the fraction of the added 15N–NO3 − emitted as 15N–N2O was highest at the low-N addition plots (0.2 g N m−2), amounting to 1.3 % at the top position of the hill slope and to 3.2 % at the bottom position, respectively. Our data illustrate the large potential of acid forest soils in subtropical China to form N2O from excess NO3 − most likely through denitrification.
The Sardinian Condaghi: Neglected Evidence for Mediaeval Sex Ratios

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In recent years, various scholars, working with different techniques and in different disciplines, have grappled with the elusive problem of "missing" females in mediaeval documents of various sorts, particularly documents which purport to be inventories of peasant households. Understandably, western scholars have a certain measure of difficulty in accepting the suggestion that western Christian societies practised female infanticide; even though we know that some mediaeval parents suffocated, exposed, drowned, or otherwise disposed of unwanted children, it seems to be much more comforting to ignore attested incidents of infanticide and to explain abnormal sex ratios in extant documents as being the product of erroneous gathering or recording of data.1 It is certainly likely that texts, the compilers of which were more concerned with recording land holdings than with demographic data, contain errors; but it does not follow that those errors can be used as an argument against the hypothesis that female infanticide was being practised by the peasants living on those estates. At best, we have been up to now forced to conclude non liquet.
Reflux Incidence among Exclusively Breast Milk Fed Infants: Differences of Feeding at Breast versus Pumped Milk

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The practice of feeding infants expressed breast milk is increasing in the United States, but the impacts on infant and maternal health are still understudied. This study examines the monthly incidence of regurgitation (gastro-esophageal reflux) in exclusively breast milk fed infants from ages two to six months. Among infants whose mothers participated in the Infant Feeding Practices II Study (IFPS II; 2005–2007), data on reflux and feeding mode were collected by monthly questionnaires. A longitudinal, repeated measures analysis was used, with feeding mode lagged by one month in order to compare reflux incidence among infants fed directly at the breast to infants receiving pumped breast milk. Mothers in both feeding groups had similar characteristics, although a greater proportion feeding at least some pumped milk were primiparous. The number of exclusively breastfed infants decreased steadily between months 2 and 6, although the proportion fed at the breast remained similar over time. An association between feeding mode and reflux incidence was not found; however, the analyses were limited by a small number of reported reflux cases. More studies are needed to further explain the relationship between different feeding modes and infant reflux.
Subversive Obedience: The Film Music of Willi Forst’s Viennese Trilogy

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Music formulates and forms the cornerstone of Vienna's trademark as a 'capital' of this particular art form.While this status was advanced in 19 th century literature, 1 it was its manifestation in cinema that determined and gave this image a lasting impact.It is especially noticeable in film productions between 1939 and 1945, where the topos of 'Vienna' was augmented and differentiated under the aegis of the Third Reich's cultural policies.Here, in movie productions of the newly founded Wien-Film, the visualisation of music became an integral part of the studio's paradigms. 2 Among the artistic pinnacles of Wien-Film's productions were without doubt the feature films by Willi Forst -next to Gustav Ucicky the most distinguished auteur of the studio.This is especially due to the fact that director's aesthetic touchstones were not just the topos of 'Vienna', but also Viennese music.The considerations of Forst's Viennese Trilogy -Ope rette (Wien-Film 1940), Wiener Blut (Wien-Film 1942) and Wiener Mädeln (Wien-Film 1945/49) -by film studies have been both ambivalent and contradictory in their ideological reading within the scope of National Socialist cinema.
COVID-19 and Students’ Mental Wellbeing: A Cross-Sectional Study across Selected Nigerian Universities

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The emergence of the coronavirus pandemic has affected the global population in an unprecedented way, which has disrupted livelihoods, as well as social activities including the closure of schools. The effect of the pandemic and the associated lockdown measures amplified the mental status of tertiary institution students in Nigeria, which has not been taken into proper view. To this effect, this study was conducted to assess the extent to which the coronavirus pandemic and lockdown measures impacted the mental health of tertiary university students in Southwestern, Nigeria. A cross-sectional online survey, using the standardized Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) depression and anxiety questionnaires were used, and appropriate summary statistics were carried out. In all (122 respondents), more than a third (35.5%) of the respondents had daily uncontrolled worries, 6.7% had suicidal intent, and over a tenth (14.2%) and (13.9%) had depression and anxiety respectively. The psychological impact of the coronavirus pandemic and associated lockdown measures on Nigerian university students is quite significant. Therefore, the mental well-being of Nigerian students should be taken into awareness and prioritized.
Post translational Modifications and Protein-Protein Interactome of Endemic Pemphigus in El Bagre, Colombia: A New Variant Analysis

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Background: A new variant of endemic pemphigus foliaceus, El Bagre-EPF, is an orphan autoimmune disease occurring in El Bagre and neighboring municipalities in Colombia, South America. Objectives: We aimed to evaluate current state-of-the-art databases and protein-protein interactomes, focusing on post-translational modifications as potential tools to study interactions among El Bagre-EPF antigen proteins. Methods: We consulted multiple databases for the known target antigens and their protein-protein interactions. We searched for their network nodes (they represent proteins; each node corresponded to all the proteins produced by a single, protein-coding gene locus). We also searched for any post-translational modifications. Results: We identified similarities in proteins bound by several autoantigens, but also found differences in protein linkages. We found that desmoglein, periplakin, desmoplakins and proteins from subfamilies of the Armadillo repeat proteins and some spectrin domains linked to other cell junctions; these played important roles in membrane-plaque and intermediate filament junctions. A typical drawback in current databases is the lack of information on lipid-protein interactions. Conclusions: Our results show that state-of-the-art protein databases as tools for studies of interactomes fall short in areas including tertiary and quaternary protein interactions and in vivo protein functioning. Enhanced three-dimensional or multi-dimensional functions are required for more accurate interactome analyses.
Observing clinical effect of glycyrrhizin in treating liver injury resulted from antituberculosis drugs

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To explore treatment effects of glycyrrhizin in treating liver injury resulting from antitubercular drugs. Methods 98 patients with such liver injury were randomly divided into two groups. There were 50 cases in control group, which stopped to use antitubercular drugs and adopted basic treatment (Glucurone, Inosine, Vitamine B), and other 48 cases were in treatment group, which treated with glycyrrhizin in addition to basic treatment, without stopping antitubercular drugs. Then observe the changes of the clinical symptoms and liver functions(ALT、AST、TBil) before and after the treatments. Results After treatments the clinical symptoms and liver functions of these patients were ameliorated in different degrees (P0.01). Among them the amelioration of treatment group was significantly better than control group(P0.05～0.01), and the total clinical effective rate in the treatment group (89.6%) was significantly higher than that in control group (74.0%). Conclusion Glycyrrhizin has markedly effects in treating liver injury resulting from antituberculosis drugs.
An Analysis of C-E Translation of Public Signs

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This paper makes an analysis of common errors in C-E Translation of public signs.In the research of C-E translation of public signs, it is necessary to take account of cultural factors and function of language to produce a functionally adequate target text.Some guidelines to C-E translation of public signs are put forward, including centering on the receptors and using simple language.Meantime, guidelines to public signs with Chinese Characteristics have been studied in this paper.
Hypnosis and Desensitization for Phobias: A Controlled Prospective Trial

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Although systematic desensitization has been used for a decade in the treatment of phobias, its mode of action is not yet fully understood. During treatment by desensitization patients are relaxed while they are asked to visualize situations which evoke progressively more fear. Desensitization is given in the context of routine psychiatric management, and it is obvious that many variables may contribute to the overall effect of treatment. Among those which it is important to examine are: exposure , i.e. visualization of the imagined phobic stimulus without relaxation; relaxation without presentation of phobic images; densensitization , i.e. the pairing of the graded imagined phobic stimuli with relaxation; repeated suggestion of improvement; the relationship to the therapist, and finally the many non-specific effects of routine hospital care.
The Scholarly Communications Needs of Faculty: An Evidence-Based Foundation for the Development of Library Services

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Objectives – This exploratory research seeks to broadly understand the publishing behaviours and attitudes of faculty, across all disciplines, at the University of Saskatchewan in response to the growing significance of open access publishing and archiving. The objective for seeking this understanding is to discover the current and emerging needs of researchers in order to determine if scholarly communications services are in demand here and, if so, to provide an evidence-based foundation for the potential future development of such a program of services at the University Library, University of Saskatchewan. Methods – All faculty members at the University of Saskatchewan were sent personalized email invitations to participate in a short online survey during the month of November 2012. The survey was composed of four parts: Current Research and Publishing Activities/Behaviours; Open Access Behaviours, Awareness, and Attitudes; Needs Assessment; and Demographics. Descriptive and inferential statistics were calculated. Results – The survey elicited 291 complete responses – a 21.9% response rate. Results suggest that faculty already have a high level of support for the open access movement, and considerable awareness of it. However, there remains a lack of knowledge regarding their rights as authors, a low familiarity with tools available to support them in their scholarly communications activities, and substantial resistance to paying the article processing charges of some open access journals. Survey respondents also provided a considerable number of comments – perhaps an indication of their engagement with these issues and desire for a forum in which to discuss them. It is reasonable to speculate that those who chose not to respond to this survey likely have less interest in, and support of, open access. Hence, the scholarly communications needs of this larger group of non-respondents are conceivably even greater. Conclusion – Faculty at the University of Saskatchewan are in considerable need of scholarly communications services. Areas of most need include: advice and guidance on authors’ rights issues such as retention of copyright; more education and support with resources such as subject repositories; and additional assistance with article processing charges. The University Library could play a valuable role in increasing the research productivity and impact of faculty by aiding them in these areas.
Initiatives of an Institutional Repository (IR) of the Academic Institutions in the Indian Scenario

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The chapter analyses that more than 60 academic and research institutions have set up their institutional repositories as indicated by ROAR (Registry of Open Access Repository) and DOAR (Directory of Open Access Repository) (e.g., IISc, IIMK, ISI, NCL, NIO, RRU, NAL, NIT, and so on). There are a few institutions that have not registered in ROAR or DOAR. IRs has been increasing worldwide. Currently, ROAR lists 1,793 and Open DOAR lists about 1,966 IRs all over the world. It is found that more institutions (47) installed the D-Space (62%). It is followed by e-prints adopted (26), and two institutions implemented OAR through GSDL.
THE RHODOPSIN SYSTEM OF THE SQUID

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Squid rhodopsin (λ(max) 493 mµ)—like vertebrate rhodopsins—contains a retinene chromophore linked to a protein, opsin. Light transforms rhodopsin to lumi- and metarhodopsin. However, whereas vertebrate metarhodopsin at physiological temperatures decomposes into retinene and opsin, squid metarhodopsin is stable. Light also converts squid metarhodopsin to rhodopsin. Rhodopsin is therefore regenerated from metarhodopsin in the light. Irradiation of rhodopsin or metarhodopsin produces a steady state by promoting the reactions, See PDF for Equation Squid rhodopsin contains neo-b (11-cis) retinene; metarhodopsin all-trans retinene. The interconversion of rhodopsin and metarhodopsin involves only the stereoisomerization of their chromophores. Squid metarhodopsin is a pH indicator, red (λ(max) 500 mµ) near neutrality, yellow (λ(max) 380 mµ) in alkaline solution. The two forms—acid and alkaline metarhodopsin—are interconverted according to the equation, Alkaline metarhodopsin + H(+) ⇌acid metarhodopsin, with pK 7.7. In both forms, retinene is attached to opsin at the same site as in rhodopsin. However, metarhodopsin decomposes more readily than rhodopsin into retinene and opsin. The opsins apparently fit the shape of the neo-b chromophore. When light isomerizes the chromophore to the all-trans configuration, squid opsin accepts the all-trans chromophore, while vertebrate opsins do not and hence release all-trans retinene. Light triggers vision by affecting directly the shape of the retinene chromophore. This changes its relationship with opsin, so initiating a train of chemical reactions.
The Influence of Economic Growth, Human Development, Poverty and Unemployment on Income Distribution Inequality: Study in the Province of the Bangka Belitung Islands in 2005-2019

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The income Distribution Inequality of Bangka Belitung Islands Province is the lowest nationally. This study aims to obtain more in-depth information regarding any variables or factors that affect the Inequality of Income Distribution in the Province of Bangka Belitung Islands. The type of research used associative quantitative research with Multiple Linear Regression and Simple Linear Regression models, as well as feasibility tests with classical assumption tests, Simultaneous and Partial hypothesis testing. The results of this study indicate that the factors affecting income distribution inequality in the Province of the Bangka Belitung Islands are economic growth, human development, poverty, and unemployment by 60.9 percent. Other factors influence the remaining 39.1 percent. Partially, economic growth has a positive and significant effect of 30 percent with a regression coefficient of 0.009. Human development has a negative and significant effect of 55.5 percent with a regression coefficient of -0.006, and poverty has a negative and insignificant effect of 25.8 percent with a regression coefficient of -0.004, unemployment has a negative and insignificant effect of 11.1 percent with a regression coefficient of -0.003. In conclusion, it turns out that the human development factor has a very large role in reducing the inequality in income distribution in the Province of the Bangka Belitung Islands. So, recommendations to the Provincial Government need to continue to improve Human Development by improving education, health, and people's purchasing power, as well as socializing the importance of Human Development in reducing the level of inequality in development outcomes to the Regency/City Government in the Province of the Bangka Belitung Islands Province.