jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Challenges of epidemiological investigation work in the COVID-19 pandemic: a qualitative study of the epidemiology workforce in Guangdong Province, China

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objectives This study sought to identify the epidemiological investigation challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic and offer insights into the underlying issues. Design An exploratory qualitative study used thematic analysis of semistructured and in-depth individual interviews. Setting This study was conducted in Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Guangdong Province. Participants Twenty-four participants consented to participate in an in-depth interview. Transcribed recordings were managed using NVivo software and analysed using inductive thematic analysis. Results The qualitative analysis revealed five key themes: high-intensity epidemiological investigation task, emergency management requiring improvement in the early stage, respondent uncertainty, impact on work and social life and inadequate early-stage Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism. Conclusion This survey focuses on the epidemiology workforce at the forefront of the COVID-19 pandemic and qualitatively describes their experiences, vocational issues and psychological stressors. We found that the problems of epidemiological investigation posed intense challenges to the epidemiology workforce. These findings highlight the epidemiological investigation challenges associated with this pandemic. We have provided some suggestions that may help improve the efficiency and quality of the epidemiology workforce in China.
Expression of islet amyloid polypeptide in fetal and adult porcine and human pancreatic islet cells.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The synthesis and intracellular localization of the putative hormone islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) and its relation to insulin and glucagon during ontogenesis was investigated in fetal and adult porcine and human pancreatic islets. By means of ultrastructural immunogold immunocytochemistry, it was revealed that IAPP is produced by the hormonally pluripotent endocrine stem cells from the earliest time point studied. IAPP was colocalized with insulin and glucagon in the immature and nondifferentiated cell granules in both species. In adult man, highly intense IAPP immunoreactivity was found in beta-cell granules and, at lower intensity, in delta-cell granules. Some alpha-cells also contained a small amount of IAPP in their granules, and among these occasional granules displayed an intense immunoreactivity. In adult pig, IAPP was stored in quantity in beta-cell granules and in small amounts in granules of alpha- and delta-cells. It was difficult to determine the presence of IAPP in pancreatic polypeptide cells, because they were so seldom seen in this material. It is concluded that, in both man and pig, fetal pancreatic islet stem cells synthesize and store IAPP together with insulin and glucagon. The storage in different types of cells and granules was not as predictable as that of the classical islet hormones. The substance is more widely distributed within the pancreatic islet cell types than are any of the other islet hormones, which presumably has functional implications.
Autonomous Sensor Module with Piezoelectric Power Harvesting and RF Transmission of Measurement Signals

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This work presents an energy-autonomous sensor module, entirely powered by a piezoelectric energy converter, which has the capability of interfacing to one or more passive sensors and sending the correspondent measurement signals over a radiofrequency (RF) link. The module general architecture is presented, and the strategy used for sensor signal conditioning and transmission is illustrated.
Landslide Fatalities: A Study of Six Cases

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A mountain collapsed on National Highway-53(NH-53) on 6th July 2011 around 2:30 p.m. A minibus which was carrying Security Personnel of Manipur Rifles (MR) and Indian Reserved Battalion (IRB) was hit by the landslide. Six occupants died on the spot and seven were injured. The cases were registered under U.D. Case no. 5/2011/G-SPM-PS and were brought to the RIMS Morgue the next day for Post Mortem Examination (PME). On PME, the victims showed general features of blunt force injuries with gross deformation and one case showed clogging of the whole respiratory tract with soil debris of the landslide. The victims died almost immediately on the spot due to vital organs injuries except in one case where it was due to traumatic asphyxia. Landslides occur frequently in these National Highways due to the hilly terrain and the perpetual rains, such major fatalities have never occurred before. Therefore the cases are reported here to analyze the types of injuries sustained, the causes of death and to discuss precautionary measures for prevention of further mishaps. This will also serve as an eye-opener to the magnitude of severity such a natural disaster.
Data from TLR4 Engagement during TLR3-Induced Proinflammatory Signaling in Dendritic Cells Promotes IL-10–Mediated Suppression of Antitumor Immunity

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

<div>Abstract<p>Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists are promising adjuvants for immune therapy of cancer, but their potential efficacy as single or combinatorial agents has yet to be fully evaluated. Here, we report that among all TLR agonists tested, dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with the TLR3 agonist polyI:C displayed the strongest activity in stimulating proinflammatory responses and the production of melanoma antigen-specific CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells. Simultaneous treatment with TLR7/8 agonists further improved these responses, but the inclusion of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a TLR4 agonist, suppressed proinflammatory cytokine production. This inhibition was contingent upon rapid induction of the suppressive cytokine interleukin (IL)-10 by LPS, leading to dysregulated immune responses and it could be reversed by signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 knockdown, p38 blockade or antibodies to IL-10 and its receptor. Our findings show how certain TLR agonist combinations can enhance or limit DC responses associated with antitumor immunity, through their relative ability to induce IL-10 pathways that are immune suppressive. <i>Cancer Res; 71(16); 5467–76. ©2011 AACR</i>.</p></div>
Improved Mapping of Paddy Rice Extent Using Deep Learning and Time Series Images

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The agricultural sector has benefited enormously from technological advances, and progress is far to come to its end. For instance, Improvements in machine learning and deep learning algorithms over the last few decades have increased the power of computer analysis and geospatial techniques, making agricultural management more accurate and reliable for making sound decisions. This study aims to analyze the performance of artificial neural networks, along with high-resolution satellite imagery and Google Earth Engine, to make inferences about rice culture extent. Time series of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index were employed to characterize the phenological cycle of paddy rice. Nevertheless, different imperfections are inherent to time series due to: the irregularity of satellite acquisitions, the missing data caused by masking clouds, and atmospheric disturbances. The time series is then subjected to several processes to overcome its imperfections, before feeding it to the employed deep learning model for mapping rice extent.
Exercise Evaluation and Simulation Facility (EESF)

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The Integrated Emergency Management and Information System (IEMIS) is a minicomputer based system that serves initially as a tool to assist FEMA in the evaluation of emergency plans and preparedness for natural and technological hazards. As an IEMIS subsystem, the Exercise Evaluation and Simulation Facility (EESF) provides capabilities specific to emergency exercises and plan development for application near commercial nuclear power facilities. EESF integrates the following resources: a meteorology model, evacuation model, dose model, maps, and exercise information into a single operational package. The user may access thee various resources, and on completion display the results on a color graphic display or hardcopy unit. Key to the capability provided by EESF are the ease of use and quick comprehension of results presented via the graphic displays.
Augmented Reality to enhance the Learning Experience in Cultural Heritage Tourism: An Experiential Learning Cycle Perspective

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Augmented reality (AR) applications are a powerful, modernized tool with the potential to engage students to develop skills for the future, and enhance the overall learning experience. Kolb’s Experiential Learning Cycle has been widely adopted in education studies to develop more appropriate learning opportunities. However, the adoption of the specific model in the context of AR as a learning tool for school children in cultural heritage tourism remains scarce. Hence, this study aims to address the gap in the literature, with an aim to assess how utilizing new and innovative technologies can enhance the overall learning experience in the cultural heritage tourism context. Experiments and three focus groups were conducted and analyzed using thematic analysis, and findings demonstrate a positive response from participants, revealing that new knowledge was gained as a result of the AR experience, thus, supporting the potential of AR in education, and in cultural heritage tourism.
Aminoglycoside Phosphotransferase AphSR2 from Streptomyces rimosus ATCC 10970: Dependence of Antibiotic Resistance on Serine-Threonine Protein Kinases PkSR1 and PkSR2

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Streptomyces rimosus ATCC 10970 contains 14 genes annotated as aminoglycoside phosphotransferases in its genome: aphSR1–aphSR14. We have previously shown that the aphVIII (aphSR5) and aph(3'')-Id (aphSR3) genes, when cloning in E. coli, cause resistance to kanamycin, neomycin, paromomycin, and streptomycin. It was found for Aph(3')-VIII that antibiotic resistance increased after phosphorylation at the Ser146 motif in the active site of the enzyme by serine-threonine protein kinases (STPKs). The aphSR2 gene, when cloning in E. coli, causes resistance to neomycin and hygromycin. In this work, in order to assess the possibility of influence of STPK genes on increasing resistance to aminoglycoside antibiotics, we performed a combined cloning into E. coli at pET32a of the aphSR2 gene and the STPK genes (pkSR1 and pkSR2) localized in one cluster of the S. rimosus ATCC 10970 genome. We detected that, in the construction E. coli/aphSR2/pkSR1, there is a 2-fold increase in resistance to neomycin. The presented data are the second example of the STPK effect on the modulation of the level of resistance to aminoglycoside antibiotics in bacteria of the genus Streptomyces.
Vigilance levels in European Wigeon - sexual differences

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Male Wigeon Anas penelope, feeding on a reserve in south-west Scotland, are generally more vigilant than female birds. The divergence in vigilance rates tends to increase in riskier situations. In small flock sizes, no difference was detected except in solitary pairs, when males were more than twice as vigilant as their mates. Individual vigilance rates decrease exponentially with increasing flock size. The most likely reasons for the sex difference are the conspicuous male plumage and mate guarding.
Characterization of Fast Pyrolysis of Biomass Wastes using a Heated Grid Reactor: Nitrogen Chemistry and Reactor Modeling

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Increasing needs for lowering carbon emissions and diversifying energy supply make biomass residues an important resource for the production of power and heat. In this paper two residues of liquid biofuels production were tested: dry distiller’s grains & solubles (DDGS) and palm kernel cake (PKC). Both these materials present high nitrogen and inorganic content, which could cause issues such as high NOx emissions, slagging and fouling. The fuels were tested in a heated grid reactor in fast pyrolysis conditions: the setup allowed the study of the fuels under different heating rates (600-1000°C/s) and final temperatures (500°C ÷ 1300°C). Weight loss and yields of main N volatile compounds were measured. The speed of the phenomena involved does not allow for detailed measurement of process conditions in the reactor, therefore, a numerical model was implemented and validated against a non­contact temperature measurement. The model allowed detection of possible zones of high temperature in the reactor volume, the presence of gradients on the grid surface and in the biomass pill. Finally, additional temperature measurements carried out with an infrared pyrometer on the grid indicated a significant difference between the actual temperature and the thermocouple reading.
Selection of Yeast Strains for Ethanol Fermentation of Glucose-FructoseSucrose Mixture

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This study was aimed to compare the ability of some yeast strains to consume sugars (sucrose, glucoseand fructose) and to convert them into ethanol during fermentation. The results of this comparison will be thebasis of considerations in choosing the right strain to be used as a mixed culture to increase the productionof ethanol from substrate containing a mixture of sucrose, glucose and fructose, such as juice of cane andsweet sorghum. The study was conducted using fermentation in substrate consisting of glucose, fructose,and sucrose separately, glucose-fructose mixture, and glucose-fructose-sucrose mixture using some yeaststrains: FNCC3012, OUT7009, OUT7027, OUT7055, OUT7080, OUT7096, OUT7903, OUT7913, and OUT7921.Following the fermentation, analysis of the produced ethanol and the remaining sugar was conducted. Theresults of study indicated that the strains with the highest substrate consumption were OUT7921, OUT7096,OUT7055, OUT7027, and OUT7913 for glucose, fructose, glucose-fructose mixture, sucrose, and glucosefructose-sucrose mixture, respectively. Strains that produced highest concentration ethanol were OUT7096 inglucose and sucrose substrates, OUT7921 in substrate of glucose-fructose mixture and sucrose, OUT7913 insubstrate of glucose-fructose-sucrose mixture. Upon consideration of each strain capacity, both in consumingsugar and producing ethanol, the recommended strains for use in mixed culture in bioethanol fermentationusing mixed substrate of glucose, fructose and sucrose are OUT7096, OUT7913, and OUT7921.
Irma Callahan photographic collection, 1920s-1970s

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The Irma Callahan photographs were received as part of her papers, which were processed separately as Mss 200. These prints document her active involvement in the Democratic Party and to a lesser extent her employment at the United States Internal Revenue Service. They span from the 1920s to the 1970s, with the majority of them dating from the 1950s and 1960s.
Fortified Coiled Coils: Enhancing Mechanical Stability with Lactam or Metal Staples

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Coiled coils (CCs) are powerful supramolecular building blocks for biomimetic materials, increasingly used for their mechanical properties. Here, we introduce helix‐inducing macrocyclic constraints, so‐called staples, to tune thermodynamic and mechanical stability of CCs. We show that thermodynamic stabilization of CCs against helix uncoiling primarily depends on the number of staples, whereas staple positioning controls CC mechanical stability. Inserting a covalent lactam staple at one key force application point significantly increases the barrier to force‐induced CC dissociation and reduces structural deformity. A reversible His‐Ni 2+ ‐His metal staple also increases CC stability, but ruptures upon mechanical loading to allow helix uncoiling. Staple type, position and number are key design parameters in using helical macrocyclic templates for fine‐tuning CC properties in emerging biomaterials.
Utility of home oximetry as a screening test for patients with moderate to severe symptoms of obstructive sleep apnea

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: To determine the value of home oximetry as a screening test in patients with moderate to severe symptoms of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Design: Retrospective, observational study. Setting: The Sleep Unit of a tertiary referral, university hospital. Patients: 116 patients referred for evaluation of moderate to severe symptoms of OSA in which both home oximetry and polysomnography (PSG) were performed. Interventions: NA. Results: Three numerical oximetry indices were evaluated: average of desaturations > or =4% and average of resaturations > or =3% per hour of analysis time (DI4% and RI3%, respectively); and cumulative percentages of time spent at saturations below 90% (CT90%). A qualitative assessment was also performed. Oximetry indices were compared with apnea/hypopnea index (AHI) by simple linear regression and Bland-Altman analyses. Optimal cut-off points, in terms of sensitivity and specificity, for the oximetry indices were searched using ROC analysis, at an AHI threshold of > or =10. The correlation between AHI and the desaturation indices was r = 0.50 for CT90%, r = 0.60 for DI4%, and r = 0.58 for RI3%. No bias was found between PSG and oximetry indices in Bland-Altman plots. Neither the numerical indices nor the qualitative analysis achieved an adequate (>0.8) area under the ROC curve. A CT90% <0.79 excluded OSA with 84% sensitivity. A DI4% > or =31.4 or a RI3% > or =40.5 diagnosed OSA with 97% specificity. Using these values, 38% of the patients would have been correctly classified by oximetry alone, 10% would have been incorrectly classified, and 50% could not have been classified with certainty. Eleven (15%) OSA patients would have been missed by oximetry. Conclusions: Correlation between home oximetry and PSG was not high. Oximetry was more useful to confirm than to exclude OSA in our study. Qualitative assessment was not better than numerical analysis. The greatest value of oximetry in this setting seems to be as a tool to rapidly recognize and treat more severe OSA patients in waiting list for PSG.
Place de l'anatomie pathologique dans les études d'évaluation de la sécurité des médicaments

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Toxicological pathology in drug safety assessment In preclinical toxicology studies, pathology includes postmortem macroscopic and microscopic examinations of the tissues. These examinations are carried out under the responsibility of the pathologist in compliance with the principles of GLP (Good Laboratory Practice). The pathologist’s duties involve comparing animals given a known drug at different doses with control animals to detect any adverse effects of the test compound. A disciplined, consistent approach is essential to ensure uniform reporting levels and avoid any drift in the diagnostic descriptions used between the animals during the course of the study. This is one of the most difficult constraints inherent to the work of the pathologist. At the end of a study, the pathologist writes a report describing any drug-related effects on organ weights as well as any macroscopic and microscopic abnormality. The pathology report is a key element in the final toxicological report. Nonetheless, pathology results should be evaluated in the light of the other study data, particularly those generated by the clinical examination, as well as hematology and biochemistry tests.
Secure Exam Storage Using RSA public key encryption

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Performance, usability, and security are the focus of software systems development. Confidentiality, availability and integrity are the main goals of these systems security. One common software system that needs to be secured is exams, which is an assessment method to measure student performance in education. Sharing exams between faculty members is common task for moderation and review, but it exposed to Leakage. Exams Leakage will affect confidentiality and integrity of the exams. Loss of confidentiality will affect the reputation of the institute, where loss of integrity may have serious impact on the students’ performance. It is a troublesome for faculties to guarantee exam electronic documents confidentiality. Therefore, it is required to have secure exam storage systems. Some solutions are central server-based systems, cloud-based systems, and block chain-based systems. The cloud-based system is secure and trusted, but data may corrupt without the knowledge of the cloud service provider. Bock chain is a better solution but requires more storage. In this paper, we proposed a key management method to secure exams storage using public key Cryptosystem; it uses an RSA algorithm to provide distinctive feature of data integrity, confidentiality and authentication. It can be used in centralised server-based system or cloud-based system. The proposed framework provides security without increase in encoding and decoding time and without increase in file size.
Historical Features Regarding the Neuropathic Outbreaks in Brazilian Troops in the Paraguayan War

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

During the Paraguayan War, Brazilian army and navy officers attributed outbreaks of combatant limb weakness with particular features such as tingling to palustrian causes. A dietary basis was not fully suspected at the time, and the popular name beriberi had not been coined. During wartime, there was a shortage in the food supply in addition to poor environmental conditions and diarrheal diseases, and many reports of “palustrian cachexia” were made. There are also reports of the use of native flora to feed troops, as well as alcoholism. There are also accounts of the death of horses with symptoms similar to those of combatants. It was reported that black soldiers were more resistant to “palustrian cachexia.” This article presents the disease ecology and clinical manifestations of beriberi at wartime, linked to starvation and consumption of pickled food and native flora. These military explorations and operations in the Paraguayan War happened more than 150 y ago and present some aspects of wilderness medicine in the past.