jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Field emergence of Marandu palisadegrass influenced by specific seed weight and sowing depth

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Several species of harmful grass weeds were voluntarily brought in by man, mainly with the specific purpose of produce forage. These species compete with crops for physical area and environmental resources, can host pests and diseases, and interfere on harvesting. This work aimed to evaluate in field conditions, the effects of different specific seed weight and sowing depths on the emergence of the species Urochloa brizantha cv. marandú. It was adopted a randomized blocks design with four replications and the treatments arranged in a 6 x 3 factorial scheme, with six sowing depths (1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 8.0, 12.0 and 16.0 cm) and three specific seed weight (low, medium, and high). The treatment effects were evaluated by seedling emergence in field. The marandu-grass seedlings emerged until 12 cm depth, regardless of specific seed weight and year. Sowing depths between 1.0 and 4.0 cm depth have promoted the greater percentage of emergence, and the lowest average time and speed index for emergence of seedlings on field, regardless of the specific seed weight. High-specific weight seeds resulted in greater percentage of emergence on field, speed and synchronicity index of emergence of marandú-grass seedlings. Sowing depths higher than 1.0 cm induces a delay on marandú-grass propagation.
‘Timely’ diagnosis of dementia: what does it mean? A narrative analysis of GPs’ accounts

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objective To explore general practitioners’ (GP) perspectives on the meaning of ‘timeliness’ in dementia diagnosis. Design Narrative interview study. Setting UK academic department of primary care. Participants Seven practising GPs with experience of conveying a diagnosis of dementia. Methods GPs’ narrative commentaries of encounters with patients with suspected dementia were audio-recorded and transcribed resulting in 51 pages of text (26 757words). A detailed narrative analysis of doctors’ accounts was conducted. Results Diagnosis of dementia is a complex medical and social practice. Clinicians attend to multiple competing priorities while providing individually tailored patient care, against a background of shifting political and institutional concerns. Interviewees drew on a range of explanations about the nature of generalism to legitimise their claims about whether and how they made a diagnosis, constructing their accounts of what constituted ‘timeliness’. Three interlinked analytical themes were identified: (1) diagnosis as a collective, cumulative, contingent process; (2) taking care to ensure that diagnosis—if reached at all—is opportune ; (3) diagnosis of dementia as constitutive or consequential, but also a diagnosis whose consequences are unpredictable. Conclusions Timeliness in the diagnosis of dementia involves balancing a range of judgements and is not experienced in terms of simple chronological notions of time. Reluctance or failure to make a diagnosis on a particular occasion does not necessarily point to GPs’ lack of awareness of current policies, or to a set of training needs, but commonly reflects this range of nuanced balancing judgements, often negotiated with patients and their families with detailed attention to a particular context. In the case of dementia, the taken-for-granted benefits of early diagnosis cannot be assumed, but need to be ‘worked through’ on an individual case-by-case basis. GPs tend to value ‘rightness’ of time over concerns about ‘early’ diagnosis.
Construction Project Managers Skills, Client Satisfaction and Business Profitabilty in Selected Architectural Firms in Metro Manila

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The construction industry is one of the world’s largest economic sectors, with global spending reaching $10.6 trillion in 2017 and projected to rise to $15.5 trillion by 2030 (Jackson, 2020). This study investigated the levels of project construction managers’ skills, client satisfaction, and business profitability in selected architectural firms in Metro Manila using a descriptive-correlational design. A total of 92 respondents were selected from 120 project construction managers through random sampling and surveyed using a validated and reliable instrument. Findings revealed very high ratings in construction management skills, client satisfaction, and business profitability. Resource and risk management were top-rated competencies, while clients highly valued timeliness, communication, and responsiveness. Although no significant relationship was found between management skills and client satisfaction, both were shown to positively influence profitability. Cost management emerged as the strongest predictor of financial success. In conclusion, high levels of project management skills and client satisfaction contribute to strong business profitability, emphasizing the critical role of cost management in sustaining financial performance in architectural firms.
Caesalpinia bonduc seeds assisted biosynthesis of Fe/ZnO photo-catalyst for degradation of methyl orange dye in aqueous medium

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The photocatalytic degradation of organic dyes has emerged as an efficient approach for wastewater treatment. In this study, Fe-ZnO nanocomposites (NCPs) were synthesized using extracts from the Caesalpinia bonduc seeds, a renewable and eco-friendly source. The synthesized NCPs were found to exhibit remarkable photocatalytic activity towards the degradation of methyl orange (MO) dye, a commonly used textile dye. Characterization techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), to confirm the successful synthesis of the nanocomposites. The photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange dye was investigated under visible light irradiation with a wavelength range of 400–700 nm. The results exhibited an impressive 90% reduction in the concentration of the methyl orange (MO) dye within 120 minutes of reaction time. Thorough investigations were conducted to assess the impact of various reaction parameters such as the catalyst loading, initial dye concentration, and the effect of hydroxyl radical scavengers to investigate the reaction kinetics and the degradation mechanism of MO dye. Moreover, the reusability and stability of the Fe-ZnO nanocomposites were evaluated, demonstrating their capability for practical applications in wastewater treatment. The study highlights the advantageous utilization of Fe-ZnO nanocomposites, synthesized through an environmentally benign green chemistry technique utilizing C. bonduc seed extracts. These nanocomposites serve as efficient and reusable catalysts for the photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange dye, thereby contributing to the advancement of eco-friendly and cost-effective solutions for treating textile wastewater.
Synthesis and Properties of Alphatic Polyurethanes and Model Compounds Containing Alpha, Alpha, Alpha Prime, Alpha Prime - Tetramethyl-p-Xylylene-Diisocyanate.

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

New materials are needed to replace the rubber compounds which are in current use in certain high stress environments. The rubber materials usually fail due to the high internal temperature which results from compressive cycling under heavy loads. Rubber formulations, such as styrene-butadiene, also fail due to severe mechanical stresses, such as tearing forces. Polyurethanes are being examined as possible replacements due to indications of better mechanical strength. However, hysteric heat buildup in polyurethanes is a major problem. Investigation of the molecular arrangement of the polyurethane samples was made using infrared and X-ray scattering techniques. Low molecular weight model compounds, simulating the polar regions of the polyurethanes, were prepared and characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction by Dr. Jerry P. Jasinski. Compressive fatigue tests were conducted on some samples which showed good thermal resistance by other tests. The model compounds of p-TMXSI provided information on the possible conformation of this unique structure in the polyurethane chains. Until recently, polyurethanes made from diphenylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate were the only polyurethane class which had been characterized by X-ray scattering and X-ray crystallographic techniques. Keywords: Polyurethanes, X-ray crystallography, Fatigue (Mechanics); Thermal analysis; Synthetic rubber; Synthesis (Chemistry).
DIALOGUE OF CULTURES: THE ISRAELI EXPERIENCE

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The future of the Israeli society, like the future of all democratic, multicultural societies, will be determined by the ability to maintain a meaningful dialogue among its diverse groups: Jews and Arabs, immigrants from diverse cultures and socio-economic strata. This paper presents and analyzes an educational program to promote understanding and to advance meaningful acceptance and peaceful coexistence as an end result of a continuous dialogue among students of diverse cultures. The paper discusses how the dialogue among diverse cultures may take two forms, tolerance and pluralism. It describes the Israeli society's social cleavages and pluralistic composition, with many divisions in its Jewish majority and the Palestinian minority. The paper outlines the educational program (at Bar-Ilan University) known as Education for Human Values, Tolerance, and Peace. (BT) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. Dialogue of Cultures: The Israeli Experience.
THE EFFECTS OF INHIBITORS OF RNA AND PROTEIN SYNTHESIS ON THE RECOVERY OF CHLOROPLAST RIBOSOMES, MEMBRANE ORGANIZATION, AND PHOTOSYNTHETIC ELECTRON TRANSPORT IN THE ac-20 STRAIN OF CHLAMYDOMONAS REINHARDI

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The ac-20 strain of Chlamydomonas reinhardi is characterized by low levels of chloroplast ribosomes when grown mixotrophically. Cells can be transferred to minimal medium and their ribosome levels increase. If, at the time of transfer, cells are exposed to chloramphenicol, an inhibitor of protein synthesis in the chloroplast, or cycloheximide, an inhibitor of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm, ribosome recovery is not affected; however, recovery is blocked by exposure to rifampicin, an inhibitor of chloroplast DNA-dependent RNA polymerase. It is therefore concluded that ac-20 cells suffer from an impaired chloroplast ribosomal RNA synthesis. Mixotrophic ac-20 cells are also characterized by low rates of photosynthetic electron transport, disorganized chloroplast membranes, and a small pyrenoid. If chloramphenicol is applied to transferred cells whose chloroplast ribosome levels have already recovered, recovery of photosynthetic electron transport and of structural integrity does not occur. Under the same conditions, cycloheximide has no effect on recovery. It is concluded that the structural and photosynthetic lesions in ac-20 are a secondary consequence of the low levels of chloroplast ribosomes. Finally, we present evidence that recovery of photosynthetic electron transport requires the transcription of chloroplast DNA. This transcription is apparently triggered by light.
Reclassification of four Polynucleobacter necessarius strains as representatives of Polynucleobacter asymbioticus comb. nov., Polynucleobacter duraquae sp. nov., Polynucleobacter yangtzensis sp. nov. and Polynucleobacter sinensis sp. nov., and emended description of Polynucleobacter necessarius

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Genome comparisons based on average nucleotide identity (ANI) values of four strains currently classified as Polynucleobacter necessarius subsp. asymbioticus resulted in ANI values of 75.7–78.4 %, suggesting that each of those strains represents a separate species. The species P . necessarius was proposed by Heckmann and Schmidt in 1987 to accommodate obligate endosymbionts of ciliates affiliated with the genus Euplotes . The required revision of this species is, however, hampered by the fact, that this species is based only on a description and lacks a type strain available as pure culture. Furthermore, the ciliate culture Euplotes aediculatus ATCC 30859, on which the description of the species was based, is no longer available. We found another Euplotes aediculatus culture (Ammermann) sharing the same origin with ATCC 30859 and proved the identity of the endosymbionts contained in the two cultures. A multilocus sequence comparison approach was used to estimate if the four strains currently classified as Polynucleobacter necessarius subsp. asymbioticus share ANI values with the endosymbiont in the Ammermann culture above or below the threshold for species demarcation. A significant correlation (R 2 0.98, P <0.0001) between multilocus sequence similarity and ANI values of genome-sequenced strains enabled the prediction that it is highly unlikely that these four strains belong to the species P . necessarius . We propose reclassification of strains QLW-P1DMWA-1 T (=DSM 18221 T =CIP 109841 T ), MWH-MoK4 T (=DSM 21495 T =CIP 110977 T ), MWH-JaK3 T (=DSM 21493 T =CIP 110976 T ) and MWH-HuW1 T (=DSM 21492 T =CIP 110978 T ) as Polynucleobacter asymbioticus comb. nov., Polynucleobacter duraquae sp. nov., Polynucleobacter yangtzensis sp. nov. and Polynucleobacter sinensis sp. nov., respectively.
School performance, peer association, psychological and behavioral adjustments: A comparison between Chinese adolescents with and without siblings

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

ABSTRACT We test theoretically informed hypotheses using survey reports of adolescents attending three middle schools in the outskirts of Fuzhou, Fujian, China. Results yielded by regression analyses are quite consistent with the hypothesized relationships, that is, Chinese singleton adolescents are more likely to anticipate going to college than non‐singleton adolescents. Further, singletons are more associated with conventional peers and they report better adjustments both psychologically and behaviorally than non‐singleton adolescents. Singletons and non‐singletons, however, are not different in their self‐reported performance in four school subjects, namely, Chinese, Math, English, and Political Studies. These results are discussed in light of the theoretical literature, especially related to attachment theory, resource dilution theory as well as confluence model.
PENGARUH ELEMEN BAURAN PEMASARAN PRODUK PASTA GIGI SENSODYNE TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN KONSUMEN

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This study aims to determine the effect of marketing mix elements of Sensodyne toothpaste on consumer purchasing decision. Marketing mix consists of product, price, distribution, and promotion which can be controlled by the company and being used to influence consumer purchasing decision. On the other hand, consumer sees the marketing mix as the appeal of a product. Sample collection was done by distributing questionnaires to 100 respondents with Convenience sampling method. Then, the data is processed by using SPSS version 18.0. Results from this study showed that the variables of the marketing mix (product, price, distribution, and promotion) simultaneously have a significant influence on purchasing decision of Sensodyne toothpaste. Partially, there are two variables that have no significant effect, which are distribution and promotion, while two other variables significantly influence consumer purchasing decision. The most influential variable is the variable of product.
EU RO PEAN SOCIETY O F CARDIOLOGY ®Review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Effect of outpatient exercise training programmes in patients with chronic heart failure: a systematic review Suzan van der Meer1,2, Marlies Zwerink1, Marco van Brussel3, Paul van der Valk1, Elly Wajon4 and Job van der Palen1,5 Background: Advantages of outpatient exercise training are reduced waiting lists, better compliance, reduced time investment by the patient with reduced travel expenses, and less dependence on other people to participate. Therefore, this systematic review studies the effects of outpatient exercise training programmes compared with usual care on exercise capacity, exercise performance, quality of life, and safety in patients with chronic heart failure. Design: Systematic review with meta-analysis. Methods: Randomized controlled trials concerning patients with chronic heart failure, with a left ventricular ejection fraction 40%, were included. A meta-analysis was performed. Results: Twenty-two studies were included. VO2max, 6-min walking test, and quality of life showed significant differ-ences in favour of the intervention group of 1.85ml/kg/min, 47.9m, and 6.9 points, respectively. In none of the studies, a significant relationship was found between exercise training and adverse events. Conclusion: This meta-analysis illustrates the efficacy and safety of outpatient training programmes for patients with chronic heart failure.
Data from Mutated SPOP E3 Ligase Promotes 17βHSD4 Protein Degradation to Drive Androgenesis and Prostate Cancer Progression

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

<div>Abstract<p>Molecular mechanisms underlying intratumoral androgenesis and aberrant androgen receptor (AR) activation in prostate cancer remain poorly understood. Here we demonstrate that ectopic expression of the E3 ubiquitin ligase adaptor speckle-type poxvirus and zinc finger domain protein (SPOP) stabilizes 17βHSD4. SPOP bound a functional substrate-binding consensus (SBC) motif 315RATST319 in 17βHSD4 and promoted nondegradable K27- and K29-linked polyubiquitination of 17βHSD4. The effect of SPOP was antagonized by serum- and glucocorticoid kinase-3 (SGK3)-mediated phosphorylation of serine 318 (S318) in the SBC and S318 phosphorylation-dependent binding of SKP2 E3 ligase and subsequent K48-linked polyubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of 17βHSD4. Prostate cancer–associated SPOP mutations impaired the SPOP-17βHSD4 interaction, caused 17βHSD4 protein destruction in prostate cancer cells in culture and patient specimens, and increased testosterone production and prostate cancer cell growth <i>in vitro</i> and in mouse models. Thus, we have identified SPOP and SKP2 as two essential E3 ubiquitin ligases that exert opposite effects on 17βHSD4 protein degradation and intratumoral androgenesis in prostate cancer cells. We further demonstrate that SPOP mutations or SKP2 overexpression contribute to prostate cancer progression by decreasing 17βHSD4 expression and increasing intratumoral androgen synthesis.</p>Significance:<p>This study reveals a novel mechanism of aberrant AR activation in SPOP-mutated prostate cancer and uncovers putative biomarkers for effective treatment by AR-targeted therapies.</p></div>
Monitoring and Managing Cloud Computing Security using Denial of Service Bandwidth Allowance

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Over the next decade, cloud computing has a good chance of becoming a widely used technology. However, many challenges face the cloud to be overcome before the average user or business team will trust their vital information with a cloud server. Most of these challenges tie into developing sound security measures for the cloud. One of the largest security obstacles is how to defend against a Denial-of-Service (DOS) or Distributed Denial-of-Service (DDOS) attacks from taking down a cloud server. DOS attacks are nothing new; many strategies have been proposed and tested against DOS attacks on networks. However, none have been able to completely prevent DOS attacks. The search continues for an effective solution to keep data available to legitimate users who need it when the cloud network that stores that data is the target of a DOS attack. The method proposed (DOSBAD) in this paper will explain how effectively detecting the bandwidth limit of a cloud network and the bandwidth currently in use to know when a DOS is beginning along with the discussion of very few patents. Keywords: Bandwidth, cloud computing, denial of service.
Effects of Dehydroepiandrosterone on Expression of Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 Induced by Oxidized Low Density Lipoprotein in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aim To investigate the effects of dehydroepiandrosterone(DHA) on expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1(VCAM-1) induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein(ox-LDL) in vascular smooth muscle cells(VSMC). Methods In vitro cultured VSMC from sprague dawley rat induced by ox-LDL(50 mg/L) were effected by DHA(5 μmol/L).The expressions of VCAM-1 protein and mRNA were determined by immunocytochemistry,Western blot analysis and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR). Results Ox-LDL stimulation significantly induced VCAM-1 expression in VSMC(P0.05).When DHA was added into the medium simultaneously,ox-LDL inducing VCAM-1 expression was obviously decreased(P0.05). Conclusions DHA showed inhibiting effects on ox-LDL-induced VCAM-1 expression in VSMC.That may be one of the mechanisms of antiatherosclerotic effect of DHA.
Distrusting the Process: Electoral Trust, Operational Ideology, and Nonvoting Political Participation in the 2020 American Electorate

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract This article explores the relationships between electoral trust, operational ideology, and nonvoting political participation (NVP) during the 2020 US presidential election cycle. We hypothesize that: (1) more liberal operational ideology is associated with more NVP, (2) less electoral trust is associated with more NVP, and (3) operational ideology moderates the negative relationship between electoral trust and NVP. Using data from the 2020 American National Election Study (N = 8,280), our contribution is threefold: We first add to previous research that indicated liberals engage in more NVP than conservatives. We then provide some of the first evidence to suggest that electoral trust—in this case, trust prior to the 2020 election—is negatively associated with NVP. Results further indicate that the negative relationship between electoral trust and NVP is strongest among those with conservative operational ideology, such that the more trust those with conservative operational ideology have in the election, the less they engage in NVP. Given that electoral trust is crucial for a well-functioning democracy, the implication is that elites with a strategic incentive to express contempt for the election process can have direct and downstream consequences on political participation.
Nuclear Illusion and Individual Obligations

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Until very recently the topic of nuclear armaments and the prospects of global nuclear war have been relatively inconspicuous in the work of philosophers. With some exceptions, these and related themes have not figured prominently in the academic writings of philosophers; nor have they occupied space commensurate with their importance in courses and anthologies on applied ethics. Helen Caldicott's widely circulated film, ‘If You Love This Planet,’ and Jonathan Schell's moving book, The Fate of the Earth, have brought the nuclear arms race and its problems to the attention of the wider public. This paper was written in the hope of influencing moral and political philosophers to pursue nuclear morality and related subjects in their philosophical writing and teaching.