jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Alkali treated water chestnut(Trapa natans L.)shellsas apromising phytosorbent for malachite green removal from water

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Search for eco-friendly adsorbents for sustainable dye treatment is on the rise. The present study demonstrated the enhanced removal of malachite green (MG) with alkali-modified shells of water chestnut (AWCN) under optimized physio-chemical parameters. Alkali treatment significantly reduces the lignocellulosic components which in turn increased the water stability. The material was been characterized by pHzpc, FTIR, FESEM-EDAX, and BET surface area analysis. pH-dependent adsorption was noticed and the maximum adsorption capacity was determined as 136.46 mg/g. Adsorption followed pseudo-second-order kinetics (R2=0.99) and Langmuir isotherm model (R2=0.99). Thermodynamic parameters suggested that the adsorption process is spontaneous (ΔG°= -2.99 kJ/mol), favorable and endothermic (ΔH°=34.72 kJ/mol). Simple regeneration allows multi-cycle use with minimal loss of activity. The mechanism has been proposed to be a combination of electrostatic interaction, H-bonding, and π-π stacking between AWCN and MG. In conclusion, alkali modification of Trapa natans L. shells provides excellent removal of MG from water.
Siderophore of plant growth promoting rhizobacterium origin reduces reactive oxygen species mediated injury in Solanum spp. caused by fungal pathogens

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Aims The study aims to explore antifungal properties of bacillibactin siderophore produced by the plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium (PGPR) Bacillus subtilis against fungal phytopathogens Alternaria porri and Fusarium equiseti isolated from Solanum lycopersicum and Solanum melongena plants. Methods and results Alternaria porri and F. equiseti were isolated from infected plants of eggplant and tomato, respectively. A plate assay was employed to assess the effect of bacillibactin against the phytopathogens. The antifungal potential of the PGPR was evaluated by estimation of dry fungal biomass, visualization of cellular deformity using compound and scanning electron microscopy, antioxidative enzyme assay and analysis of membrane damage via using lipid peroxidation. Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) analysis was employed to investigate changes in intracellular iron content. The impact of bacillibactin on pathogenesis was evaluated by infecting detached leaves of S. lycopersicum and S. melongena plants with both the pathogens and treating the infected leaves with bacillibactin. Leaves were further investigated for ROS accumulation, extent of necrosis and cell death. Our findings revealed significant damage to the hyphal structure of A. porri and F. equiseti following treatment with bacillibactin. Biomass reduction, elevated antioxidative enzyme levels, and membrane damage further substantiated the inhibitory effects of the siderophore on fungal growth. ICP-AES analysis indicates an increase in intracellular iron content suggesting enhanced iron uptake facilitated by bacillibactin. Moreover, application of 1500 µg ml−1 bacillibactin on infected leaves demonstrated a substantial inhibition of ROS accumulation, necrosis, and cell death upon bacillibactin treatment. Conclusions This study confirms the potent antagonistic activity of bacillibactin against both the phytopathogens A. porri and F. equiseti growth, supporting its potential as a promising biological control agent for fungal plant diseases. Bacillibactin-induced morphological, physiological, and biochemical alterations in the isolated fungi and pathogen-infected leaves highlight the prospects of bacillibactin as an effective and sustainable solution to mitigate economic losses associated with fungal infections in vegetable crops.
The Pronunciation Problems among Kurdish Learners of English

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The goal of this study was to examine the pronunciation issues of different speakers of English and especially Kurdish speakers, and various perspectives on native vs foreign pronunciations. The research showed that Kurdish speakers had difficulties pronouncing several English vowels and some English consonants. The research results demonstrate that Kurdish English speakers understand the value of pronunciation compared to native and non-native English speakers. Kurdish speakers may hesitate to speak in a manner that seems natural to a native speaker, and their last consonants in words are almost always unaspirated and unvoiced. Given that Kurdish learners of English have difficulty pronouncing some English words, some suggested solutions include providing pronunciation instruction classes to language instructors, having educators speak in English, and giving students examples of native tongue sounds compared and contrasted with the target language sounds. With minimal exposure to cooperation with native speakers and variations in L1's phonological organization compared to English, the difficulty posed by pronunciation is evident. All the updated studies clearly show that these issues affect English speakers in general and rely less and less on their original tongue.
The clinical effectiveness and safety of combinations of dlhydropyridine and non-dihydropyridinе derivatives of calcium blockers in the treatment of patients with moderate arterial hypertension

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The study was undertaken to evaluate the antihypertensive and antiischemic effects .mil safety of combined therapy with calcium blockers (CB) of the dihydropyridine and non-dihydropyridine series, and its impact on the structural and functional status of the heart. Forty-eight patients with stages II-II hypertensive disease and grade 2 (according to the All-Russian Cardiology Research Society classification, 2001) were examined. Of them, 31 patients were observed to have exercise induced anginal attacks. The data of 24-hour blood pressure (HP) monitoring, electrocardiography, and Doppler echocardiography were assessed The patients received combined therapy with amlodipine and isoptin SR for 24 weeks. With the therapy, its complete (BP 2 (p<0,01) and diastolic function improved: the E/A ratio increased 10,3 % (p<0,05); isovolumic relaxation time decreased by 13,6 % (p<0,01). There were also reductions in the depth of the maximum ST-segment depression (from 2,3±0,2 to l,5±0,1 mm) and in the duration and incidence of silent myocardial ischemia The rate of adverse reactions caused by combined therapy was 1,5-4 times less than that due to monotherapy. A combination of different classes of CB has rather high antihypertensive and cardioprotective effects and it is well tolerated.
Dynamic Modeling of a Hydraulic Excavator Stick by Introducing Multi-Case Synthesized Load Spectrum for Bench Fatigue Test

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A multi-case load spectrum compiling method is proposed in this study for dynamic modeling of a hydraulic excavator stick to simplify and accelerate the fatigue bench test. This new method includes a simplified criterion of small-load-omitting threshold based on the principle of invariable fatigue damage, an extreme value inference criterion based on the overflow characteristics of the hydraulic system, and a synthetic extrapolation method under various working conditions. Firstly, a one-dimensional spectrum of a medium-sized excavator stick was compiled. Then, the program load spectrum for the bench fatigue test was obtained by modifying the one-dimensional spectrum based on the damage consistency criterion and the damage equivalent principle. Lastly, the fatigue tests were conducted using the program load spectrum, as well as using the random spectrum. The comparison results demonstrate that the damage location and fatigue life distribution of the stick using these two spectra are generally consistent, with a relative error smaller than 8.8%; however, the proposed program load spectrum can accelerate the test process with less time consuming than that of the random spectrum. As a result, the multi-case load spectrum is feasible and reliable for dynamic modeling of the hydraulic excavator stick in practice.
Kids Can Cope

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Kids Can Cope is a group intervention designed to help children and teenagers aged 5-18 years who currently have a parent diagnosed with cancer. The program is intended to (1) help these young people learn about cancer and its treatment, (2) provide them with opportunities to share their feelings and concerns in a safe environment with others who are in similar situations, and (3) increase their repertoire of coping strategies. Three themes that emerge consistently during the sessions are (1) the universality of the group members' experiences, (2) misconccptions about cancer, and (3) themes specific to developmental age. The authors also describe a number of specific situations and dilemmas they have encountered in running the group and how those situations and dilemmas have been resolved.
Acquired tracheoesophageal fistula status post laryngeal neoplasm resection

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF), albeit rare, can be a life-threatening condition that requires prompt identification and treatment. Pulmonary contamination and restriction of proper nutrition are common, unfortunate consequences of untreated TEFs and are often the causes of mortality in this population. In our patient, a history of laryngeal malignancy along with symptoms of chest pain and cough with ingestion of liquids, even without evidence of aspiration pneumonia, appropriately prompted investigation for potential TEF. Initial imaging through barium swallow identified the TEF, and the patient underwent treatment with endoclips by endoscopy with bronchoscopic assistance.
Semiempirical backscatter models at low incidence angles under rain conditions

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Rain affects radar backscatter to some extent, and the effect is complicated. Our article models the radar backscatter at low incidence angles under rain conditions by a semiempirical method. Starting from no rain conditions, we choose two optics models as backscatter models at low incidence angles. From the rain effect analysis, an empirical function is deduced by curve fitting. Then we add the empirical function with the backscatter models at low incidence angles under no rain conditions, and two backscatter models at low incidence angles under rain conditions are obtained. After comparing with measured backscatter, we select a quasispecular model combined with the empirical function as a new backscatter model. Further, a correction item is introduced to improve the model accuracy. Results demonstrate that the model can predict backscatter as rain rate ranging from −15 to 5 mm/h dB and wind speed ranging from 6 to 16 m/s with a root-mean-square error of 0.97 dB and a correlation coefficient of 0.81.
Expression of adhesion molecules in leprosy lesions

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Leprosy presents as a clinical spectrum that is precisely paralleled by a spectrum of immunological reactivity. The disease provides a useful and accessible model, in this case in the skin, in which to study the dynamics of cellular immune responses to an infectious pathogen, including the role of adhesion molecules in those responses. In lesions characterized by strong delayed-type hypersensitivity against Mycobacterium leprae (tuberculoid, reversal reaction, and Mitsuda reaction), the overlying epidermis exhibited pronounced keratinocyte intracellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) expression and contained lymphocytes expressing the ICAM-1 ligand, LFA-1. Conversely, in lesions in which delayed-type hypersensitivity was lacking (lepromatous), keratinocyte ICAM-1 expression was low and LFA-1+ lymphocytes were rare. Expression of these adhesion molecules on the cells within the dermal granulomas was equivalent throughout the spectrum of leprosy. The percentage of lymphocytes in these granulomas containing mRNA coding for gamma interferon and tumor necrosis factor alpha, synergistic regulators of ICAM-1 expression, paralleled epidermal ICAM-1 expression. In lesions of erythema nodosum leprosum, a reactional state of lepromatous leprosy thought to be due to immune complex deposition, keratinocyte ICAM-1 expression and gamma interferon mRNA+ cells were both prominent. Antibodies to LFA-1 and ICAM-1 blocked the response of both alpha beta and gamma delta T-cell clones in vitro to mycobacteria. Overall, the expression of adhesion molecules by immunocompetent epidermal cells, as well as the cytokines which regulate such expression, correlates with the outcome of the host response to infection.
Del(1)(q23) in a patient with Hutchinson‐Gilford progeria

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract A 9‐year‐old patient with the classical clinical picture of Hutchinson‐Gilford progeria (HGP) is described. The karyotype shows a 46,XY,del(1)(q23) constitution. Our findings suggest that the interval 1q23 may play a roll in the etiology of HGP. A perturbation in glycosylation in connective tissue has been demonstrated in patients with this condition. This abnormality may be due to a defect in the UDP‐galactose:β‐N‐acetylglucosamina‐β‐1,4‐galactosyltransferase 3 (B4GALT3) gene that has been mapped in the interval 1q21‐23. The cytogenetical analyses of this patient suggest that the B4GALT3 gene could be involved in the pathogenesis of HGP. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Development of a Plate-Based Optical Biosensor Fragment Screening Methodology to Identify Phosphodiesterase 10A Inhibitors

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

We describe the development of a novel fragment screening methodology employing a plate-based optical biosensor system that can operate in a 384-well format. The method is based on the "inhibition in solution assay" (ISA) approach using an immobilized target definition compound (TDC) that has been specifically designed for this purpose by making use of available structural information. We demonstrate that this method is robust and is sufficiently sensitive to detect fragment hits as weak as KD 500 μM when confirmed in a conventional surface plasmon resonance approach. The application of the plate-based screen, the identification of fragment inhibitors of PDE10A, and their structural characterization are all discussed in a forthcoming paper.
Anchorites and Hermits in Historical Context

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

ON a hot midsummer Friday on the road from York to Bridlington, probably in 1413, John Kempe finally acceded to his wife Margery's desire to live a life of chastity. Then, Margery's Book continues, ‘went thei forth to- Brydlyngton-ward and also to many other contres and spokyn wyth Goddys servawntys, bothen ankrys and reclusys and many other of owyr Lordys loverys, wyth many worthy clerkys, doctorys of dyvynyte, and bachelers also, in many dyvers placys’ (I.11; 793–7). It was probably on this visit that she first met the anchoress of York (one of several in the city at this date), who on a subsequent occasion would snub her, on account of the reputation she had acquired in the interim (I.50). The male anchorite of the Chapel-in-the-Fields, Norwich, had similarly distanced himself from her as her notoriety increased, but she visited him all the same (I.43). More faithful was her divinely appointed confessor and resolute supporter, the anchorite at the house of Dominican friars in Lynn (I.5). Reynold, a hermit of the same town, accompanied her on journeys to Ipswich, Walsingham and Norwich and, after a chance meeting at Syon Abbey, and a certain amount of persuasion, on the return to Lynn (II.1,10). Of all the encounters with solitaries had by this indefatigable seeker-out of ‘ankrys and reclusys’, however, her visit to Julian of Norwich seems to have made the greatest impression. There she gave an account of her experiences and visions, and received encouragement and counsel, enjoying much ‘holy dalyawns’ during the ‘many days that thei were togedyr’ (I.18; 1379–81).
Murine Model of Allergen Induced Asthma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Asthma is a major cause of morbidity and mortality, affecting some 300 million people throughout the world.1 More than 8% of the US population has asthma, with the prevalence increasing.2 As with other diseases, animal models of allergic airway disease greatly facilitate understanding of the underlying pathophysiology, help identify potential therapeutic targets, and allow preclinical testing of possible new therapies. Models of allergic airway disease have been developed in several animal species, but murine models are particularly attractive due to the low cost, ready availability, and well-characterized immune systems of these animals.3 Availability of a variety of transgenic strains further increases the attractiveness of these models.4 Here we describe two murine models of allergic airway disease, both employing ovalbumin as the antigen. Following initial sensitization by intraperitoneal injection, one model delivers the antigen challenge by nebulization, the other by intratracheal delivery. These two models offer complementary advantages, with each mimicking the major features of human asthma.5 The major features of acute asthma include an exaggerated airway response to stimuli such as methacholine (airway hyperresponsiveness; AHR) and eosinophil-rich airway inflammation. These are also prominent effects of allergen challenge in our murine models,5,6 and we describe techniques for measuring them and thus evaluating the effects of experimental manipulation. Specifically, we describe both invasive7 and non-invasive8 techniques for measuring airway hyperresponsiveness as well as methods for assessing infiltration of inflammatory cells into the airways and the lung. Airway inflammatory cells are collected by bronchoalveolar lavage while lung histopathology is used to assess markers of inflammation throughout the organ. These techniques provide powerful tools for studying asthma in ways that would not be possible in humans.
Robust reconstruction of electrical conductivity using anatomically-informed quadratic fit

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Magnetic resonance electrical properties tomography (MREPT), aiming at reconstructing the electrical conductivity and permittivity at radio frequencies. The related reconstruction algorithm relies on the numerical approximation of the Laplacian of the transceiver phase, an operation sensitive to noise. In this work, we evaluate whether 3D parabolic phase fitting combined with anatomical information obtained from T1-weighted and T2-weighted images can be used to improve the reconstruction of conductivity maps of the human brain at 3T.
Restacking Joyce's Library

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This essay surveys the current state of research on James Joyce's library, and it explores the opportunities presented by the digital to extend and enrich our understanding of his reading practices. Alongside implications for analytical bibliography, the ongoing mass digitization of vast library collections allows us to put Joyce's writing in dialogue with authors and works both major and minor. By exploring how Joyce came to be reading the work of D. H. Lawrence only a few months into notetaking for "Work in Progress," the essay argues for a more comprehensive approach to recovery work on the Joyce library.
Changes in Energy Supplies in the Countries of the Visegrad Group

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

The main purpose of the work is to identify and present the current situation and changes in the volume of energy supplies in the countries of the Visegrad Group. The specific objectives of the article are to determine the degree of concentration of energy supply sources in the countries of the Visegrad Group, the directions of their changes, types of energy used and changes in this area, establishing the correlation between the volume of energy supplies and changes in the economic situation in V4 countries. The period of research covers the years 1990–2018. The sources of materials were the literature on the subject, with the data from Eurostat. The following methods were used for the analysis and presentation of materials: descriptive, tabular, graphical, dynamics indicators with a constant basis; Gini concentration coefficient; concentration analysis using the Lorenz curve; coefficient of variation; Pearson’s linear correlation coefficient. It was found that, of a high concentration of energy supplies from one or more sources in all countries of the Visegrad Group, the largest was in Poland and the lowest were in Hungary and the Czech Republic. In each of these countries, the economy was transforming and there was also a gradual diversification of energy sources.
Aryltriazenes as Coupling Partners in the Hiyama, Hiyama‐Suzuki and Hiyama‐Heck Cross‐Coupling Reactions Using Conventional and Ionic Liquid Reagents and Solvents

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Application of conventional and ionic liquid (IL) solvents and reagents in the Hiyama cross‐coupling reactions using triazenes as coupling partners was investigated. The microwave‐assisted and Pd‐catalyzed reactions in ROH/HBF 4 , ROH/BF 3 ⋅ Et 2 O and in [BMIM][X]/[BMIM(SO 3 H)][OTf]/[BMIM][F] proved effective and gave respectable isolated yields within minutes. The scope of the Hiyama coupling reaction with triazenes was investigated in these media. The IL reagents and solvents were successfully employed to develop stepwise and sequential/tandem Hiyama‐Suzuki (H−S) and Hiyama‐Heck (H−H) methods. Study of the scope of these transformations led to facile synthesis of libraries of biaryls, hetero‐biaryls, diphenylmethanes, styryl‐biphenyls, and a host of biphenyl‐appended heterocycles. The potential for the recycling/reuse of the IL solvents in the Hiyama reaction, and in stepwise and sequential transformations was also examined.
Research on the control strategy of robot imitation learning based on KL divergence

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Imitation learning is a significant means of human learning, but also the main research field in the mechanism of bionic robot. This paper focuses on the imitation learning strategies of robot in the framework of probabilistic model. Discrete teaching data are used as training samples of Gaussian process to acquire demonstration trajectory. RBF neural network is adopted to express imitation control strategy. The imitation trajectory with imitation control strategy which contains unknown parameters is modeled by Gaussian process. KL divergence is constructed with the probability distribution of demonstration and imitation trajectory, and gradient descent method is used to minimize the KL divergence so as to seek the optimal strategy of imitation. Then the imitation task is learned gradually by updating the optimal strategy to imitative robot. The swing behavior of the articulated robot arm is used as the simulation task of imitation learning, and the result of simulation experiments demonstrates the effectiveness of the robotic control strategy for imitation learning based on KL divergence and RBF neural network.
Photochemistry of transition metal complexes (2019–2020)

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

This Chapter aims to summarise the major advances achieved over 2019 and 2020 in the field of photochemistry and photocatalysis by transition metal compounds. In the last years, one of the central research themes has been the development of efficient photocatalytic complexes based on earth-abundant metals as a potential eco-friendly, resource-efficient, and sustainable photochemical approach. Nevertheless, second- and third-row metal complexes still represent key building blocks in the design of new photocatalysts in organic transformations, biomedical applications, as well as in green chemistry fields.