jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Lymphocyte subpopulations of intestinal mucosa in inflammatory bowel disease.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Lymphocyte subpopulations in peripheral blood (PBL) and intestinal mucosa (IML) of 10 patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) were compared with those of 11 non-IBD controls. PBL were separated on Ficoll/hypaque gradients, and IML were isolated by incubation in dithiothreitol, EDTA, and collagenase. These methods yielded cells of good viability and with intact HLA A and B-antigens. T-cells, identified by neuraminidase-treated sheep RBC rosettes and non-specific esterase staining, comprised approximately 91% of the IML from normal mucosa of all groups. B-cells, identified by erythrocyte-antibody-complement rosettes and surface immunoglobulins, were only 7% of these IML populations. Cell yields were two-fold or more greater from abnormal IBD mucosa, with T-cells ranging from 55 to 95% and B-cells from 2 to 36%. The percentage of Fc receptor bearing cells was low in all specimens. By these methods, T-lymphocytes predominated in intestinal mucosa of both IBD and non-IBD patients, but there is marked increase in the percentage of B-cells isolated from abnormal mucosa in IBD.
Identifying Real Estate Opportunities Using Machine Learning

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The real estate market is exposed to many fluctuations in prices because of existing correlations with many variables, some of which cannot be controlled or might even be unknown. Housing prices can increase rapidly (or in some cases, also drop very fast), yet the numerous listings available online where houses are sold or rented are not likely to be updated that often. In some cases, individuals interested in selling a house (or apartment) might include it in some online listing, and forget about updating the price. In other cases, some individuals might be interested in deliberately setting a price below the market price in order to sell the home faster, for various reasons. In this paper, we aim at developing a machine learning application that identifies opportunities in the real estate market in real time, i.e., houses that are listed with a price substantially below the market price. This program can be useful for investors interested in the housing market. We have focused in a use case considering real estate assets located in the Salamanca district in Madrid (Spain) and listed in the most relevant Spanish online site for home sales and rentals. The application is formally implemented as a regression problem that tries to estimate the market price of a house given features retrieved from public online listings. For building this application, we have performed a feature engineering stage in order to discover relevant features that allows for attaining a high predictive performance. Several machine learning algorithms have been tested, including regression trees, k-nearest neighbors, support vector machines and neural networks, identifying advantages and handicaps of each of them.
Synthesis and Characterization of Low Molecular Weight Chitosan

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Chitosan can be widely used in many areas owing to its unique properties, although its poor solubility in water is still a limiting factor. In the present study, low molecular weight chitosan (LMWC) was prepared by degradation with NaClO so that chitosan was able to dissolve in water. Chitosan to liquor ratio, NaClO content, temperature, and time were considered variables of NaClO degradation, and the Box-Behnken design was used to determine optimal conditions. There was good agreement between the experimental data and their predicted counterparts. The optimum conditions for chitosan degradation were estimated to be 1:67.91 of chitosan to liquor ratio, 22.03% of NaClO content, a temperature of 90.3 °C, and a time of 3.07 h. It was found that synthesis under these optimized conditions achieved the lowest molecular weight (10,937.4 Daltons). In addition, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffractograms, and thermogravimetric analysis showed that the structure of LMWC was similar to the original chitosan, while the crystallinity and thermal stability decreased after degradation.
Application of ICT in the problem-based learning model

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The advantages of the problem-based learning mode which was used in the personnel training of information technology was introduced. And its' specific process was described in details. The influence factors of PBL teaching effect were analyzed. The solutions which were based on information and communication technology (ICT) were raised to improve the effect. In practice, according to a variety of conditions, the ICT application methods were described in the problem-based learning.
Combination Test for Mean Shift and Variance Change

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

This paper considers a new mean-variance model with strong mixing errors and describes a combination test for the mean shift and variance change. Under some stationarity and symmetry conditions, the important limiting distribution for a combination test is obtained, which can derive the limiting distributions for the mean change test and variance change test. As an application, an algorithm for a three-step method to detect the change-points is given. For example, the first step is to test whether there is at least a change-point. The second and third steps are to detect the mean change-point and the variance change-point, respectively. To illustrate our results, some simulations and real-world data analysis are discussed. The analysis shows that our tests not only have high powers, but can also determine the mean change-point or variance change-point. Compared to the existing methods of cpt.meanvar and mosum from the R package, the new method has the advantages of recognition capability and accuracy.
A comparative study of the plasma level of arginase and rhodanese in smokers and non-smokers.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The purpose of this investigation was to determine and compare the activities of arginase and rhodanese in the blood plasma of cigarette smokers and non-smokers.The activity of arginase in the blood plasma of smokers was higher than arginase activity in the non-smokers (NS), however,in the smokers with diseases (SWD), the increase was significant. The comparison between the activity of rhodanese in the SWD, smokers without diseases (SWOD) and NS blood plasma revealed a decrease in the activity of rhodanese in NS and no significant difference in the three groups with P=0.8677. This paper reported the enhancing effect of cigarette smoking could have on the disease state of smokers due to high arginase activity.
Ceci n'est pas un conte, la rhétorique du conversationnel

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The constitution in the Middle Ages of a vernacular literature, through Chrétien de Troyes, to the structure of the modern novel shows the influence of orality and particularly of the rhetorics of discursive speech — any non-narrative organization of language — on narration. As Diderot's exemplary story, whose status the title denies, shows, narrative is part of sociability — or of the art of conversation.
Detecting initial aragonite and calcite variations in limestone–marl alternations

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Limestone–marl alternations are commonly used for high‐resolution cyclostratigraphic studies and palaeoenvironmental reconstructions, but diagenetic studies indicate that not all limestone–marl alternations reflect genuine differences in the initial sediment composition driven by environmental changes. Differences in the ratios of diagenetically inert trace elements between limestones and marls indicate changes affecting the terrigenous fraction of the precursor sediment. Contrarily, limestone–marl alternations without these differences can be the product of: (i) variations in CaCO 3 input (aragonite, calcite); (ii) distortion of the latter by diagenetic CaCO 3 redistribution; or (iii) diagenetic CaCO 3 redistribution in a homogeneous precursor sediment. The aim of this study is to provide a method to differentiate these cases and to identify variations in the proportion of calcite and aragonite in the precursor sediment composition. The model of differential diagenesis assumes that the concentration of diagenetically inert elements is inversely proportional to the amount of redistributed CaCO 3 . Consequently, the difference between ratios of diagenetically inert elements from two adjacent beds is a measure for CaCO 3 redistribution. This is quantifiable by the vector length between ratios from two adjacent beds. The approach is illustrated here by evaluation of a case study from the Silurian of Gotland, Sweden. Trace elements were compared according to their solubility during diagenesis. All elements bound to clay minerals or calcite show similar patterns of vector length, while vector length of elements which fit into the aragonite lattice, and are diagenetically mobile, differ. The vector length approach provides a tool to test the diagenetic origin of limestone–marl alternations, to identify initial variations in CaCO 3 input and to test a limestone–marl alternation’s suitability for cyclostratigraphic analyses.
Ru(II)-Catalyzed C–H Hydroxyalkylation and Mitsunobu Cyclization of N-Aryl Phthalazinones

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Ruthenium(II)-catalyzed C(sp2)-H functionalization of N-aryl phthalazinones with a range of aldehydes and activated ketone is described. Initial formation of hydroxyalkylated phthalazinones and subsequent Mitsunobu cyclization provided facile access to biologically relevant indazolophthalazinones. The utility of this method is highlighted by synthetic transformations into a series of potentially bioactive scaffolds.
Effect of vinpocetine alone and in combination with enalapril in experimental model of diabetic cardiomyopathy in rats: possible involvement of PDE-1/TGF-β/ Smad 2/3 signalling pathways

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Objective Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DC) is one of the severe secondary complications of diabetes mellitus in humans. Vinpocetine is an alkaloid having pleiotropic pharmacological effects. The present study is designed to investigate the effect of vinpocetine in DC in rats. Methods Rats were fed a high-fat diet for nine weeks along with single dose of streptozotocin after the second week to induce DC. The haemodynamic evaluation was performed to assess the functional status of rats using the Biopac system. Cardiac echocardiography, biochemical, oxidative stress parameters and inflammatory cytokine level were analysed in addition to haematoxylin–eosin and Masson’s trichome staining to study histological changes, cardiomyocyte diameter and fibrosis, respectively. Phosphodiesterase-1 (PDE-1), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and p-Smad 2/3 expression in cardiac tissues were quantified using western blot/RT-PCR. Key finding Vinpocetine treatment and its combination with enalapril decreased the glucose levels compared to diabetic rats. Vinpocetine improved the echocardiographic parameters and cardiac functional status of rats. Vinpocetine decreased the cardiac biochemical parameters, oxidative stress, inflammatory cytokine levels, cardiomyocyte diameter and fibrosis in rats. Interestingly, expressions of PDE-1, TGF-β and p-Smad 2/3 were ameliorated by vinpocetine alone and in combination with enalapril. Conclusions Vinpocetine is a well-known inhibitor of PDE-1 and the protective effect of vinpocetine in DC is exerted by inhibition of PDE-1 and subsequent inhibition of the expression of TGF-β/Smad 2/3.
Manuel Fernández-Götz , Holger Wendlig & Katja Winger (ed.). Paths to complexity: centralisation and urbanisation in Iron Age Europe. viii+232 pages, numerous b&w illustrations. 2014. Oxford & Philadelphia (PA): Oxbow; 978-1-78297-723-0 hardback £65.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Manuel Fernández-Götz , Holger Wendlig & Katja Winger (ed.). Paths to complexity: centralisation and urbanisation in Iron Age Europe. viii+232 pages, numerous b&w illustrations. 2014. Oxford & Philadelphia (PA): Oxbow; 978-1-78297-723-0 hardback £65. - Volume 89 Issue 345
Impact of Astrocytic Coverage of Synapses on the Short-term Memory of a Computational Neuron-Astrocyte Network

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Working memory refers to the capability of the nervous system to selectively retain short-term memories in an active state. The long-standing viewpoint is that neurons play an indispensable role and working memory is encoded by synaptic plasticity. Furthermore, some recent studies have shown that calcium signaling assists the memory processes and the working memory might be affected by the astrocyte density. Over the last few decades, growing evidence has also revealed that astrocytes exhibit diverse coverage of synapses which are considered to participate in neuronal activities. However, very little effort has yet been made to attempt to shed light on the potential correlations between these observations. Hence, in this article we will leverage a computational neuron-astrocyte model to study the short-term memory performance subject to various astrocytic coverage and we will demonstrate that the short-term memory is susceptible to this factor. Our model may also provide plausible hypotheses for the various sizes of calcium events as they are reckoned to be correlated with the astrocytic coverage.
The effectiveness promotional strategies of Nuri’s saving account-i / Mohd Izzuwan Abdul Razak

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The main objective of this research was to explore the effective Nuri’s saving accout-I promotional strategies towards non Malay. The other objective is to test the perception of non Malay towards Bank Rakyat and Nuri’s saving account-i. The respondents of this study were randomly selected from few locations in the Klang Valley. Filthy questionnaires had been distributed among those respondents. The researcher had used convenience sampling as the sampling technique.
The questionnaire was designed to the selected respondents which they were asked varieties of questions regarding their perception to the Bank Rakyat Nuri’s saving account-i and promotional strategies. The process of analyzing and interpreting data has been presented with tables using methods such as frequency distribution and correlation.
Integrability in theories with localU(1) gauge symmetry

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Using a recently developed method, based on a generalization of the zero curvature representation of Zakharov and Shabat, we study the integrability structure in the Abelian Higgs model. It is shown that the model contains integrable sectors, where integrability is understood as the existence of infinitely many conserved currents. In particular, a gauge invariant description of the weak and strong integrable sectors is provided. The pertinent integrability conditions are given by a U(1) generalization of the standard strong and weak constraints for models with two dimensional target space. The Bogomolny sector is discussed, as well, and we find that each Bogomolny configuration supports infinitely many conserved currents. Finally, other models with U(1) gauge symmetry are investigated.
Cued activation of relational schemas: Self-evaluation and gender effects.

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Deux etudes examinent les reponses, fournies sous forme d'auto-evaluation, par des hommes et des femmes apres la presentation d'indices de rejet et d'acceptation. On a utilise deux procedures differentes de controle des conditions, pour associer les signaux sonores produits crees par ordinateur et les images de rejet social ou d'acceptation sociale. Lorsque les signaux sonores etaient presentes a la fin d'une situation a auto-evaluer, les femmes avaient tendance a repondre aux indices de rejet en devenant plus autocritiques et aux indices d'acceptation en devenant moins autocritiques. En ce qui concerne certains indicateurs, les hommes ont reagi de la maniere opposee. Les conclusions sont abordees a la lumiere des recentes analyses des differences entre les sexes en ce qui a trait aux origines de l'estime de soi.
Photocatalytic Degradation of Typical Bisphenol Compounds Using Zr‐NiFe2O4@ZIF‐67/ZIF‐8 in Collaboration With Peroxydisulfate/Peroxymonosulfate

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

ABSTRACT As the amount of tetrachlorobisphenol A (TCBPA) that causes potential adverse effects on human health in the environment is continually increasing. It is therefore important to develop new materials for the adsorption or degradation of these compounds using various techniques. In this study, two novel magnetic recyclable composite catalysts Zr–NiFe 2 O 4 @ZIF‐67 and Zr–NiFe 2 O 4 @ZIF‐8 were synthesized. These catalysts degraded tetrachlorobisphenol A (TCBPA) in water by activating peroxydisulfate (PDS)/peroxymonosulfate (PMS), respectively. The results show that the Zr–NiFe 2 O 4 @ZIF‐67‐5%/LED/(NH 4 ) 2 S 2 O 8 system can degrade 95% of TCBPA (20 mg/L) within 30 min, whereas the Zr–NiFe 2 O 4 @ZIF‐8‐10%/LED/KHSO 5 system degrades 90% of TCBPA within 30 min. In instances of metal leaching at low concentrations, nickel and iron ions declined to 0.008 mg·L −1 , TCBPA exhibits highly efficient and sustainable catalytic properties, maintaining over 80% efficacy across six cycles. The online infrared test experiment results showed the major functional groups disappearing within approximately 130 s. The results of electron paramagnetic resonance and free‐radical‐quenching experiments showed that SO 4 ˙ − , ˙OH, 1 O 2 , and O 2 ˙ − were involved in the degradation of TCBPA. The possible degradation paths are isomerization polymerization, dechlorination, hydroxylation, ring‐opening by oxidation, and further transformation into small molecules of acids, aldehydes, alcohols and other compounds. Thus, in this study, a reliable technique for the degradation of halogenated bisphenol compounds is developed. Overall, the photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants in water utilizing polymetallic composites as catalysts represents an innovative approach to water treatment, demonstrating enhanced catalytic activity and recyclability, with promising prospects for significant advancements in both theoretical research and practical applications.
Bayesian identification of flow instabilities in cavitating inducers

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This thesis is focused on the identification of instabilities manifestation in the autocorrelation created from pressure signals data of sensors installed in a turbopump casing. In the autocorrelation or spectra diagrams, it is not always feasible to identify and quantify overlapping uid dynamic instabilities, because of the presence of many peaks which are not surely attributable to each one of them. Very often, an autocorrelations rich in peaks can be read incorrectly, because some peaks of different frequencies can be believed to belong to the same instability, instead of being caused by different phenomena, with relative different amplitude and frequency. This thesis is developed implementing this process: ∙ Correlation implementation; ∙ Optimisation implementation; ∙ Optimisation error calculation; This procedure was utilised in this work especially with the three blades inducer RAPDUD pressure autocorrelation. The autocorrelations were chosen with operating conditions such that rotating cavitation and surge cavitation are clearly visible, in order to improve and test the theoretical model with optimisations with a real experimental autocorrelation.
A Defense Method against Backdoor Attacks in Neural Networks Using an Image Repair Technique

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

With the rapid development of deep learning research and applications, the problem of artificial intelligence security has become increasingly prominent, such as adversarial examples, universal adversarial patch, and data poisoning, especially for the backdoor attack, which is a new type of covert attack, leading to the vulnerability and non-robustness of deep learning models. In a backdoor attack, the attacker will conduct a malicious attack by inserting some poisoned samples into training dataset. Poisoned samples add triggers and modify the labels to the target labels to participate in the training. Infected model has the same accuracy as the clean model in the normal test set, but when confronted with poisoned samples, the triggers will be activated to make the infected model predict the target label. To solve this problem, model parameters adjustment and poisoned data removal methods are widely used. However, they lack real-time performance and accuracy is insufficient. In this paper, we propose a new backdoor attack defense method, in which trigger reverse engineering is used to obtain the right triggers and image repair techniques to make sure that the input model data can be real-time processed without any negative impacts on clean samples.
RAMP: Hierarchical Reactive Motion Planning for Manipulation Tasks Using Implicit Signed Distance Functions

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We introduce Reactive Action and Motion Planner (RAMP), which combines the strengths of sampling-based and reactive approaches for motion planning. In essence, RAMP is a hierarchical approach where a novel variant of a Model Predictive Path Integral (MPPI) controller is used to generate trajectories which are then followed asynchronously by a local vector field controller. We demonstrate, in the context of a table clearing application, that RAMP can rapidly find paths in the robot's configuration space, satisfy task and robot-specific constraints, and provide safety by reacting to static or dynamically moving obstacles. RAMP achieves superior performance through a number of key innovations: we use Signed Distance Function (SDF) representations directly from the robot configuration space, both for collision checking and reactive control. The use of SDFs allows for a smoother definition of collision cost when planning for a trajectory, and is critical in ensuring safety while following trajectories. In addition, we introduce a novel variant of MPPI which, combined with the safety guarantees of the vector field trajectory follower, performs incremental real-time global trajectory planning. Simulation results establish that our method can generate paths that are comparable to traditional and state-of-the-art approaches in terms of total trajectory length while being up to 30 times faster. Real-world experiments demonstrate the safety and effectiveness of our approach in challenging table clearing scenarios. Videos and code are available at: https://samsunglabs.github.io/RAMP-project-page/