jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
AUTOMATIC SEMIPARAMETRIC ESTIMATION OF THE MEMORY PARAMETER OF A LONG‐MEMORY TIME SERIES

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Abstract. In Geweke and Porter‐Hudak's estimator ω d (GPH) of the memory parameter of a long‐memory process, a critical choice the user must make is the number of frequencies, M , to be used in the regression of the log periodogram on log frequency. This choice is critical in practice because by simply varying M for a given data set it is often possible to obtain a very wide range of values of the estimator. Although Geweke and Porter‐Hudak have found that choosing M to be the square root of the sample size gave good results in simulation, they gave no theoretical justification for this choice. Here, we propose automatic criteria for selecting M , and another tuning constant used in related estimates of the memory parameter, based on frequency domain cross‐validation. We provide some theoretical and heuristic justification for the proposed criteria. In a simulation study, we compare some of the resulting automatic methods of estimating the memory parameter with existing non‐automatic ones.
The Role of Supplier Relationship Management in Ensuring E-Commerce Supply Chain Resilience

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This qualitative study explores the pivotal role of Supplier Relationship Management (SRM) in enhancing resilience within e-commerce supply chains. In an era marked by rapid digital transformation and global interconnectedness, the resilience of supply chains has become a strategic imperative for organizations striving to maintain operational efficiency and meet customer expectations. Through semi-structured interviews with supply chain managers, procurement officers, and strategic sourcing specialists across diverse industries, this research investigates the strategies, challenges, and outcomes associated with SRM practices. Findings reveal that effective communication and collaboration are fundamental to successful SRM, fostering trust, transparency, and responsiveness in supplier relationships. Strategic risk management through proactive identification and mitigation strategies enables organizations to navigate uncertainties such as economic fluctuations and geopolitical tensions. SRM implementation yields significant organizational benefits, including improved supply chain efficiencies, enhanced product quality, and increased customer satisfaction. However, challenges such as technological complexities, cultural differences among global suppliers, and regulatory compliance issues underscore the need for adaptive strategies and digital investments. The integration of digital technologies such as AI and blockchain enhances SRM effectiveness by enabling real-time data exchange, predictive insights, and decision-making capabilities. Ultimately, SRM emerges as a cornerstone of sustainable growth and competitive advantage in e-commerce, empowering organizations to optimize supply chain performance and resilience amidst dynamic market conditions.
Effects of bilateral eyestalk ablation on molting and ovarian development in the giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In the present study, the effects of bilateral eyestalk ablation on molt interval, ovarian development, and hemolymph levels of ecdysteroid and vitellogenin were investigated in the giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii in order to examine the roles of the eyestalk hormones. In destalked males and females, ecdysteroid levels increased rapidly, and molt intervals were significantly shortened in comparison with control non-destalked prawns. All destalked females exhibited a reproductive molt cycle accompanied by ovarian development and oviposition even under continuous hemolymph sampling. In contrast, in control females, the percentages of animals undergoing a reproductive molt cycle were 69 and 51% with and without sampling, respectively. The duration of ovarian development was shortened in the destalked females. These results indicate the inhibitory roles of the eyestalk hormones on molting and vitellogenesis. On the other hand, after eyestalk ablation, male prawns molted more than twice, and destalked females showed a correlation of vitellogenin level to molt stage similar to control reproductive females. These results indicate that the molt cycle and the correlation between vitellogenesis and molting are maintained in the absence of eyestalk hormone regulation.
Fig. 51 in New and Little-known Melitid Amphipods from Australian Waters (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Melitidae)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Fig. 51. Dulichiella australis (Haswell, 1879a), male, 10.0 mm, AM P60600, west side of Box Head, Broken Bay, New South Wales, Australia. Scales for A1, A2 represent 0.5 mm, remainder represent 0.2 mm.
SOCIAL RESEARCH ON SCIENCE AND RELIGION IN NORDIC COUNTRIES

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article presents a review of the literature on science and religion in Nordic countries. Seventy‐seven articles, books, and chapters on the topic were collected from five major scholarly databases between 1997 and 2018. We scrutinized how research in this data set was engaged with social scientific research. Most of the research was not social scientific. It was primarily philosophical, theological, and historical research; very little presented empirical and theoretical social scientific research. The studies reflected societal discussions, bringing out some cultural dimensions and social issues, but not specifically in the Nordic context. Some societal aspects were highlighted, such as ethics and climate change, but these were not necessarily tied to the Nordic societies. We propose that in the Nordic context there seems to be a need for social scientific research on science and religion. This research could use theoretical perspectives from, for instance, sociology, science and technology studies, higher education studies, and anthropological research.
Microwave-induced stereospecific synthesis of trans 3-phenylthio β-lactams

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Veer Bahadur Singh Purvanchal University, Jaunpur-222 003, Uttar Pradesh India Department of Chemistry, University of Texas-Pan American, 1201 W. University Dr., Edinburg, TX 78539, USA The University of Texas-M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Molecular Pathology, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, College of Sciences and Human Studies, Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University, Al Khobar, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia E-mail: bimalbanik10@gmail.com; bbanik@pmu.edu.sa Manuscript received online 18 May 2019, accepted 12 September 2019 Phenylthioacetyl chloride is a potential precursor of ketene in Staudinger reaction with imine in synthesis of stereodefined 3- phenythio β-lactam derivatives. Herein we describe the reaction of imines with phenythioacetyl chloride in the presence of N-methylmorpholine under microwave irradiation and classical condition. The reaction is highly stereospecific since only trans β-lactam is formed exclusively. This is an example in which identical products are formed under microwave irradiation method and thermal conditions.
EM field penetration inside the bridge of a ship

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The bridge of a ship contains a large amount of sophisticated electronic equipment. The performance of this equipment must be ensured by hardening against external electromagnetic fields which may enter the bridge through windows, doors, and seams. For this reason it is essential to be able to predict the penetration of fields inside the bridge. In the present work the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method and the electric field integral equation (EFIE) implementation of the moment method are used to compute the electromagnetic fields inside the bridge. Effects of factors such as the shape of the incident pulse, the discretization of the structure, and the resonance of the structure on CPU time and accuracy of field computations are demonstrated.< >
Does the first impression matter? Inconclusive evidence favoring anchoring effects in cognitive load assessment

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract

The anchoring effect is a psychological phenomenon wherein individuals heavily rely on a previously presented anchor when making decisions. This anchor, often a numerical cue presented at the beginning, influences the perception and evaluation of subsequent information by serving as a reference point. The extent to which this effect plays a role in the assessment of cognitive load in educational psychology is not yet known. Particularly, when students need to indicate cognitive load multiple times during problem-solving, they may use heuristics to simplify the cognitively demanding assessment process. Therefore, the purpose of this work was to determine whether the cognitive heuristic of anchoring biases the assessment of cognitive load. In three experiments (N1 = 100, N2 = 87, N3 = 80), participants were asked to assess the complexity of a task environment with task units varying in complexity (low, moderate, and high) multiple times during problem-solving. In each experiment, the sequence of complexity was varied to investigate whether the first impression of complexity affects the immediately following assessment. The results are ambivalent, as the first impression of complexity did not have the expected influence on the immediately following assessment in Experiments 1 and 2. However, the hypothesized anchoring effect was demonstrated in Experiment 3. The results suggest that the anchoring effect occurs only when students are initially confronted with a highly complex task and that this has the strongest influence on the subsequent assessment.
Androgen and Vitamin D Receptor Gene Polymorphisms: the Long and Short of Prostate Cancer Risk

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

In this issue of the Journal, in a study of candidate genes and prostate cancer susceptibility, Ingles et al. ( 1) report on the association of polymorphisms in the genes encoding the androgen receptor (AR) and the vitamin D receptor (VDR) with the risk of prostate cancer. The polymorphisms, discussed in detail below, both result from variations in length of nucleotide repeats; the AR polymorphism is due to an expansion of CAG codons, whereas the VDR polymorphism is due to an increased number of adenosines in a poly-A tract. The short AR alleles (with <20 CAG repeats) were associated with an adjusted odds ratio of 2.1-fold greater risk of prostate cancer, and the long VDR alleles (with poly-A of o18) were associated with a 4.6-fold greater risk. In both cases, the at-risk genotypes were more strongly associated with advanced disease than with localized disease limited to the prostate. These polymorphisms are among the strongest genetic risk factors found yet for prostate cancer and are therefore of great potential significance. It should be emphasized, however, that the variant alleles under study are distributed among the normal population and that a polymorphism does not necessarily cause the cancer but is merely associated with increased risk of having the cancer. Given the importance of androgens for prostate growth, one might expect that a modification in the AR could cause a genetic effect on prostate cancer risk; the VDR, however, is another story, and the relationship of vitamin D to the prostate and prostate cancer has been recognized only recently (2-6). However, the AR and VDR have many similarities. Both are members of the steroid‐thyroid‐retinoid receptor superfamily of hormone-dependent nuclear transcription factors. The AR gene has been localized to the proximal long arm of the X chromosome and the VDR to chromosome 12q14. The hormonal ligands for both receptors circulate as prehormones, testosterone and 25hydroxyvitamin D, respectively. Both prehormones have low hormonal activity but can be converted to the highly active form by specific enzymes, 5a-reductase to produce 5a-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and 1a-hydroxylase to produce 1a,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (calcitriol), respectively. In both cases, the nuclear receptor is essential for hormone action, and inactivating mutations in the receptors can cause hormone-resistant syndromes, androgen insensitivity syndrome, and hereditary vitamin D-resistant rickets. Both hormones act via their cognate receptors to regulate cell proliferation; DHT stimulates and calcitriol inhibits prostate cell growth. Also, both hormones stimulate secretion of prostate-specific antigen ( 5). The study by
Evolving Binary Classifiers Through Parallel Computation of Multiple Fitness Cases

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper describes two versions of a novel approach to developing binary classifiers, based on two evolutionary computation paradigms: cellular programming and genetic programming. Such an approach achieves high computation efficiency both during evolution and at runtime. Evolution speed is optimized by allowing multiple solutions to be computed in parallel. Runtime performance is optimized explicitly using parallel computation in the case of cellular programming or implicitly taking advantage of the intrinsic parallelism of bitwise operators on standard sequential architectures in the case of genetic programming. The approach was tested on a digit recognition problem and compared with a reference classifier.
Microtubule-associated Protein 2c Reorganizes Both Microtubules and Microfilaments into Distinct Cytological Structures in an Actin-binding Protein-280–deficient Melanoma Cell Line

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The emergence of processes from cells often involves interactions between microtubules and microfilaments. Interactions between these two cytoskeletal systems are particularly apparent in neuronal growth cones. The juvenile isoform of the neuronal microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2c) is present in growth cones, where we hypothesize it mediates interactions between microfilaments and microtubules. To approach this problem in vivo, we used the human melanoma cell, M2, which lacks actin-binding protein-280 (ABP-280) and forms membrane blebs, which are not seen in wild-type or ABP-transfected cells. The microinjection of tau or mature MAP2 rescued the blebbing phenotype; MAP2c not only caused cessation of blebbing but also induced the formation of two distinct cellular structures. These were actin-rich lamellae, which often included membrane ruffles, and microtubule-bearing processes. The lamellae collapsed after treatment with cytochalasin D, and the processes retracted after treatment with colchicine. MAP2c was immunocytochemically visualized in zones of the cell that were devoid of tubulin, such as regions within the lamellae and in association with membrane ruffles. In vitro rheometry confirmed that MAP2c is an efficient actin gelation protein capable of organizing actin filaments into an isotropic array at very low concentrations; tau and mature MAP2 do not share this rheologic property. These results suggest that MAP2c engages in functionally specific interactions not only with microtubules but also with microfilaments.
Plants Decode a Universal Signal

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

On page
2126, researchers identify a signaling molecule that helps trigger plant stress responses to low temperatures and drought, and in so doing, may have opened a window on how animal cells regulate all sorts of things, from heartbeat to insulin secretion. Plant biologists already knew that the stress responses are turned on when a specific plant hormone triggers a surge in calcium ions inside the cell. They did not know, however, exactly how the hormone does this. But researchers now report that a molecule called cyclic ADP-ribose is what relays the hormone9s signal to the stores of calcium in the interior. While researchers had already suspected that this molecule helps to control calcium in animal cells, they call this is the first definitive evidence of a significant role for cyclic ADP-ribose.
Pentagastrin gastroprotection against acid is related to H 2 receptor activation but not acid secretion

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Background —Pentagastrin enhances gastric mucosal defence mechanisms against acid and protects the gastric mucosa from experimental injury. Aims —To investigate whether this gastroprotection is mediated by histamine receptors or occurs as a secondary effect of acid secretion stimulation. Methods —The effects of omeprazole (100 μmol/kg), ranitidine (20 mg/kg), and pyrilamine (10 mg/kg) on pentagastrin (80 μg/kg/h) induced gastroprotection against acidified aspirin injury were examined in a luminal pH controlled model. The effects of these compounds on pentagastrin enhanced gastroprotective mechanisms were investigated using intravital microscopy, in which intracellular pH of gastric surface cells (pH i ), mucus gel thickness, gastric mucosal blood flow, and acid output were measured simultaneously. Results —Pentagastrin protected rat gastric mucosa from acidified aspirin injury. This gastroprotection was abolished by ranitidine, but not omeprazole or pyrilamine. Pentagastrin induced a hyperaemic response to luminal acid challenge, increased mucus gel thickness, and elevated pH i during acid challenge. Ranitidine reversed these enhanced defence mechanisms, whereas omeprazole and pyrilamine preserved these effects. Conclusions —These data indicate that pentagastrin associated gastroprotection and enhanced defence mechanisms against acid result mainly from activation of histamine H 2 receptors, and not as an effect of the stimulation of acid secretion.
Lipid Transfer Mediated by a Recombinant Pro-Sterol Carrier Protein 2 for the Accurate Preparation of Asymmetrical Membrane Vesicles Requires a Narrow Vesicle Size Distribution: A Free-Flow Electrophoresis Study

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

We applied protein-mediated lipid transfer using recombinant His-tagged pro-sterol carrier protein 2 (pro-SCP2) to prepare asymmetrical membrane vesicles (AMV) featuring an unequal transmembrane distribution of the negative phospholipid egg-phosphatidylglycerol (EPG). Pure egg-phosphatidylcholine (EPC) vesicles were used as the acceptor and EPC:EPG 90:10 mol % vesicles as the donor populations. The changes in surface charge during EPG transfer were used to quantify the degree of asymmetry by free-flow electrophoresis (FFE). The relative deflection in FFE correlated with EPG content in the outer monolayer (x(EPG)). The initial transfer rates and first order rate constants for the transfer process were determined. The addition of pro-SCP2 at a molar protein-to-lipid ratio R(P/L) of (15-20) x 10(-5) accelerated the EPG transfer to half-times of between 2 and 3 h. Thus, the transmembrane redistribution of EPG by flip-flop, which reduces the degree of asymmetry and occurs at half-times of tens of hours, was minimized during the transfer process. We investigated the influence of membrane curvature on the transfer rate using 50 and 100 nm vesicles with very low size distribution widths (RSD of 13-17%). Transfer occurred with a 55.7% higher initial rate between the smaller vesicles. The use of equally sized acceptor and donor populations of such narrow size distributions was shown to be important for the preparation of AMV with a uniform degree of asymmetry. Under these conditions, AMV were obtained after less than 3 h by preparative FFE separation. In the case of the acceptor vesicles, EPG transfer increased x(EPG) to 3 mol %, whereas it was reduced to 6 mol % in the donor vesicles.
A Case of Ectopic Hamartomatous Thymoma Occurring in the Neck

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Ectopic hamartomatous thymomas (EHT) is an extremely rare disorder. We report herein on a case of EHT occurring in the neck with a review of the literature. A 35 year-old man first noticed a swelling in his left cervical region at the beginning of March, 2005, and he came for a checkup in our department in March. In the initial examination, palpation revealed a 3×5 cm soft mass with a somewhat indistinct border in the left pars supraclavicularis plexus brachialis. There was no subjective symptom except swelling, and palpation revealed no anomaly in the cervical lymph nodes, and no other lesion was seen in the head and neck area. A tumor was present within the sternocleidomastoid muscle outside the left lobe of the thyroid gland, and the MRI imaging did not show any involvement of the thyroid gland. We performed a tumorectomy under general anesthesia. There was a tumor right under the sternocleidomastoid, there was no adhesions seen at the periphery of the tumor, and tumor removal went smoothly. The histological diagnosis was an ectopic hamartomatous thymoma. In 1984, Rosai et al. proposed the concept of the EHT as a lesion having the character of both a hamartoma and a tumor also comprising cervical ectopic thymic tissue. No recurrence has been reported in cases where the tumor has been totally extirpated. In our present case, no recurrence has been seen in a 7-year postoperative follow-up.
LPL Gene Mutation in Type 1 Familial Triglyceridemia Presenting as Recurrent Pancreatitis and Complicated by COVID19

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract A 7-year-old girl with recurrent episodes of pancreatitis with risk factor of poorly controlled hyperglyceridemia presented with an acute episode of pancreatitis. She was managed conservatively and underwent whole exome sequencing which showed a likely pathogenic LPL gene mutation. Incidentally, she was diagnosed with COVID-19 on screening, which we hypothesize to have triggered the recent episode. On further examination, she was found to have bilateral cataracts. Her hypercholesterolemia was effectively managed with dietary therapy, high dose omega 3, and gemfibrozil. Our case report sensitizes the clinician to use a modern diagnostic tool such as whole exome sequencing in children with recurrent pancreatitis where hypertriglyceridemia is a known risk factor. This child is the first case of LPL mutation reported in India.
Effect of Compound Chinese Herbal Medicine on the Immune Function of Erythrocyte in Chickens Infected by Nephropathogenic Infectious Bronchitis Virus

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

In order to study the effect of the compound Chinese herbal medicine including Shudi etc.on the immune function of erythrocyte in chickens infected by nephropathogenic infectious bronchitis virus,the chickens were randomly divided into 5 groups(blank control group,infected control group,low dose compound Chinese herbal medicine group,medium dose compound Chinese herbal medicine group,high dose compound Chinese herbal medicine group).At the 3rd,6th,9th,14th and 19th days after administration,the chickens'rosette formation rates of RBC-CR1 and RBC-IC were detected.The results showed that the compound Chinese herbal medicine can increase the chickens'rosette formation rates of RBC-CR1 and RBC-IC,reconvert them to natural level,and present dosage effect.The experiment indicated that the compound Chinese herbal medicine can improve the immune function of erythrocyte in chickens infected by nephropathogenic infectious bronchitis virus.