jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Fragility of Time: Time-Insensitivity and Valuation of the Near and Far Future

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

We propose that the temporal dimension is fragile in that choices are insufficiently sensitive to it, and second, such sensitivity as exists is exceptionally malleable, unlike other dimensions such as money, which are attended by default. To test this, we axiomatize a “constant-sensitivity” discount function, and in four studies, we show that the degree of time-sensitivity is inadequate relative to the compound discounting norm, and strongly susceptible to manipulation. Time-sensitivity is increased by a comparative within-subject presentation (Experiment 1), direct instruction (Experiment 3), and provision of a visual cue for time duration (Experiment 4); time-sensitivity is decreased using a time pressure manipulation (Experiment 2). In each study, the sensitivity manipulation has an opposite effect on near-future and far-future valuations: Increased sensitivity decreases discounting in the near future and increases discounting in the far future. In contrast, such sensitivity manipulations have little effect on the money dimension.
Ethylene Biosynthesis and Polyamine and ABA Levels in Cut Carnations Treated with Aminotriazole

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Treatment of cut `Master' carnations ( Dianthus caryophyllus L.) with 50 m m aminotriazole (ATA) in distilled water for 5 days retarded senescence, increased flower longevity by 4 days compared to the control carnations kept in distilled water and inhibited the climacteric peak of ethylene production normally produced during the senescence of these flowers. The treatment had no effect, however, on the levels of the polyamines putrescine and spermidine. Thus, the biosynthetic routes of ethylene and polyamines may not compete for the common precursor S -adenosylmethionine (SAM). Also, in the petals of the control carnations, increased ethylene production was correlated with increased ion leakage and abscisic acid (ABA) levels. In the ATA treated petals, ion leakage and ABA levels increased later and reached values less than 50% compared to the control carnations. Chemical names used: abscisic acid (ABA), 3-1 H -amino-1,2,4-triazole-1-yl (aminotriazole), 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC), S -adenosyl methionine (SAM).
[Natural killer cell activity in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In 1984 and 1985, a total of 30 patients with biopsy confirmed nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) were randomly selected for studies on natural killer cell (NK) activity. Control study on 30 normal subjects were also done. Lymphocyte separation was done by centrifuge of heparinized peripheral blood with Ficoll-Hypaque and monocytes were removed by Petri dish adhesion. K562 cells were used as target cells of NK activity. The lymphocyte-target reaction of 4 hours was done and the ratio was 50:1, 25:1 and 12.5:1. The results of 50:1 was taken as the NK activity. The mean value of NK activity in NPC patients was 34.8 +/- 22.7%, this is significantly different (t = 2.90, p less than 0.01) from 51.6 +/- 22.1% of the controls. If NK activity of 20% or more are taken for the normal standard, then the positive rate in NPC patients was 63.3% and that in the controls was 90.0%. The difference is significant, as chi 2 = 4.56, p less than 0.05. The NK activity in NPC patients is not correlated with the sex and age of the patients, the disease extent and the EB virus associated antibody titers.
Occupational risk model for offshore oil and gas operations

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

The rapid expansion of the offshore oil and gas activities into deeper waters and harsher
environments has burden the industry with taking higher risks for developing fields. The
lessons learned from past major accidents have shaped the today’s health, safety and
operational requirements of the industry. Major efforts have been invested in
development of analytical approaches to address occupational accidents of catastrophic
proportions (high-severity, low-frequency). However, there is a lack of similar tools for
accidents characterized as low-severity, high-frequency, which impose similar risks.
To address this gap, the Attwood's reliability model (Attwood 2006) which was originally
developed for the quantification of occupational accidents in the oil and gas industry has
been revised and enhanced from a deterministic framework to a probabilistic approach.
In addition, Attwood's model was extended to be used as an occupational risk estimation
tool. The following important modifications were made: development of a probabilistic
approach and use of Monte Carlo simulation, development of appropriate model
calibration procedures, implementation of mathematical, computational codes and
statistical tools, modification of expert survey analysis and finally, risk estimation. The
final product is a useful tool for: prediction of occupational accidents likelihood on a
specific offshore platform, estimation of accident rate, allocator of resources to specific
key entities of the model to produce optimal safety results as well as occupational risk
estimator. At the end, recommendations are provided to further advance the state-of-theart.
Tolerance to physical activity and mental performance of patients in the second stage of rehabilitation after aortocoronary bypass surgery

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The article is devoted to the study of the dynamics of the restoration of physical activity tolerance (PAT), cognitive functions and mental performance (MP) in patients who completed the program of cardiac rehabilitation after aortocoronary bypass surgery. The results of the study showed that for the majority of patients before inclusion in the program of cardioresistance, PAT and MP indicators were reduced, mild and moderate cognitive impairment was detected. At the end of the rehabilitation program, the normalization of PAT was noted in 80% of patients, there were no signs of cognitive impairment in 60% of patients. The indicators of MP corresponded to the norm in the majority of those surveyed. Thus, the majority of patients who completed the program of cardiac rehabilitation II stage after aortocoronary shunting achieved restoration of cognitive functions, MP and physical performance.
New veterinary graduates express stress and confusion regarding student loan management and hesitate to recommend the profession

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

OBJECTIVE: To assess financial attitudes, priorities, behaviors, and student loan repayment plans of newly graduated veterinarians, with a focus on well-being.SAMPLES: 235 newly graduated veterinarians from the 2021 class.METHODS: Participants completed a survey to assess their attitudes towards personal finance, perceived importance of various components of financial well-being, self-reported personal finance proficiency and behaviors, student loan repayment priorities and intended strategy, and likelihood to recommend the profession to peers. RESULTS AND RELEVANCE: Participants identified educational debt as a large source of stress and highly prioritized effective management of their student loans. Participants reported feeling neutral regarding confidence in their intended student loan repayment plans. Over 60% had not sought a financial counselor, most often because they did not know who to trust. There was a disconnect between participants’ repayment intentions and their financial situations. These findings and the associated stress and anxiety might help explain participants’ negative attitudes for recommending the veterinary profession.
Modernization and relational reflexivity

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper deals with the issue of reflexivity in the different spheres of society, affected by the processes of globalization. The Author argues that each sub-system of society is more or less differentiating itself according to a (prevailing) code or register of reflexivity. Global contextualism changes the way people manage the distinction between the particular and the universal (i.e. their perceived ‘different identities’) according to a plurality of reflexive processes. A differentiating universalism emerges within the different spheres of society (the market, the political system, the associational or third sector system, and the system of families and informal primary networks). In principle, within these spheres many different codes of reflexivity can be detected. The four types of reflexivity detected by M.S. Archer can be correlated with the different spheres/sub-systems of society in order to see how the latter change their operations and overall configuration. In conclusion, it is shown that the thesis of ‘reflexive modernity’ is a reductive and an undifferentiated way of looking at what is happening in our globalizing society. The differentiation of reflexivity does not represent a further stage of modernity but, rather, it generates an ‘after-modern’ society through what the Author calls ‘relational reflexivity’.
Utilizing School Library to Improve Basic Literacy Skills for Islamic Primary School Students

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study aims to describe the use of the school library in facilitating the development of the student’s reading culture, the student’s writing skills, and the students’ speaking skills at MIT AL–ISLAH Integrated Islamic Primary School in Gorontalo City. This research uses a qualitative approach with the type of case study research. Data collection techniques were done through observation, interviews, and document studies. The main informant of this research data was the school principal, while the supporting informants were the teacher in charge of the library and the students. The process of data analysis using data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion. The examination of data validity using data credibility through triangulation of sources and methods. The results showed that developing the reading culture of students through the school’s library was conducted by instilling a reading culture from an early age, not only reading books but also reading the Holy Quran and schedule distribution in the library as well. The use of libraries in developing writing skills was conducted by poetry writing programs, rewriting content read, making stories, reading, writing, arithmetic programs, and mentoring methods in terms of learning. The use of libraries in developing speaking skills was conducted by providing an expression corner to practice speaking, having an outdoor space in the library, and participating in several programs made by the library.
Cross-training in birds: cold and exercise training produce similar changes in maximal metabolic output, muscle masses and myostatin expression in house sparrows,Passer domesticus

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Maximal metabolic outputs for exercise and thermogenesis in birds presumably influence fitness through effects on flight and shivering performance. Because both summit (Msum=maximum thermoregulatory metabolic rate) and maximum (MMR=maximum exercise metabolic rate) metabolic rates are functions of skeletal muscle activity, correlations between these measurements and their mechanistic underpinnings might occur. To examine whether such correlations occur, we measured the effects of 3-week experimental cold and exercise training protocols on body (Mb) and muscle masses, basal metabolic rate (BMR), Msum, MMR, pectoralis mRNA and protein expression for myostatin, and mRNA expression of TLL-1 and TLL-2 (metalloproteinase activators of myostatin) in house sparrows (Passer domesticus). Both training protocols increased Msum, MMR, Mb, and pectoralis mass, but BMR increased with cold- and decreased with exercise-training. No significant differences occurred for pectoralis myostatin mRNA expression, but cold and exercise promoted higher TLL-1 and TLL-2 expression. Pectoralis myostatin protein levels were generally reduced for both training groups. These data clearly demonstrate cross-training effects between cold and exercise in birds and are consistent with a role for myostatin inducing increased pectoralis muscle mass and driving organismal increases in metabolic capacities.
The Effect of 5-aza,2’-deoxyCytidine (5 AZA CdR or Decitabine) on Extrinsic, Intrinsic, and JAK/STAT Pathways in Neuroblastoma and Glioblastoma Cells Lines

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

5 AZA CdR can play its role through extrinsic, intrinsic, and JAK/STAT pathways to induce cell apoptosis.
Dengue in Grenada.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Although many people were familiar with dengue fever and mosquitoes, the 1996 survey found that their knowledge of the important relationships among mosquitoes, human behavior, and disease transmission was incomplete. Since 1996, continued education efforts have been made in the public school system and with national public health campaigns, yet little effort has been specifically targeted towards our study community. These data suggest Grenada has a need for continued community education that addresses dengue fever transmission and Ae. aegypti reduction.
[Ultrastructure of capillary permeability in human brain tumors. 2: Mechanisms of contrast enhancement in gliomas].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In order to elucidate the mechanism of contrast enhancement on computerized tomography (CT), the alteration of capillary permeability was studied in 3 cases of medulloblastoma, 2 cases of ependymoma, 5 cases of glioblastoma and 5 cases of astrocytoma. The surgical specimens were studied with conventional ultrathin section and freeze-fracture replica techniques. Contrast enhancement on CT scan defined in order of medulloblastoma, ependymoma, glioblastoma and astrocytoma. In the medulloblastomas and glioblastomas, the cell junctions of the capillaries were short, elongated, and, in fact open. Other capillary abnormalities included endothelial hyperplasia with extensive vesicular formation, surface infolding of endothelial cells, irregularity of the basal lamina, and a large extravascular space. Tight junctions were seen as one or twe strands. These tight junctions presented irregular lining of intramembranous particles. In the astrocytomas, the blood vessels appeared relatively normal, and the tight junction were seen as networks of seven strands. The particles lines were not disrupted. In the ependymomas, the tight junctions in one area were seen as a network of six strands, but in the other areas as three strands, and the fenestrae were observed in the replicas but not confirmed in the ultrathin sections. The conclusion drawn from this study is that osmotic opening of the tight junctions that have fewer strands play an important role in the marked contrast enhancement of the gliomas, in addition to transcellular transport of increased pinocytotic vesicles and fenestrations. The irregular basal lamina and large perivascular space also increase extravasation of contrast medium.
A portable laser absorption sensor for quantitative measurement of ambient temperature and humidity

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A portable and sensitive laser absorption sensor is developed for quantitative measurement of ambient temperature and humidity. The H 2 O absorption lines in the combination and overtone bands were comprehensively investigated and a promising line pair (7181.16 cm -1 and 7185.60 cm -1 ) was selected to ensure sensitive measurement with high accuracy and low uncertainty within the temperature range of 0-30 °C. A single distributed feedback laser near 1392 nm was used to access the selected line pair. Scanned wavelength direct absorption spectroscopy was used for temperature and humidity measurement. A Multi-line Vogit-fitting strategy was adopted to reduce the fractional fitting residual. The sensor performance was firstly evaluated numerically at different noise levels (0-10%) and then demonstrated experimentally under the temperature range of 0-30 °C and relative humidity range of 10-50 %. The temperature and humidity as measured with the laser sensor were in good agreement with those from the negative temperature coefficient (NTC) thermistor and commercial hygrometer, respectively. The sensor was then applied to perform in situ and real-time measurements of ambient temperature and humidity outside the lab. With a time response of 1s, the sensor demonstrated a precision (uncertainty) of 0.150.2 °C (0.09-0.2 °C) and 0.5-1 % (0.25-0.8%) for temperature and relative humidity, respectively. The sensor is expected to have potential applications in the vehicle wind tunnel and environmental monitoring.
Anti-hairpin vortices in the buoyancy-driven turbulent boundary layer

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Here we show the hairpin vortices point the upstream direction of flow instead of downstream, and this characteristic is found intrinsic behavior for turbulent buoyancy-driven boundary layer. We uncover the coherent vortices straddle high-speed streak instead of low-speed streak; moreover, the quadrant of the tangential Reynolds shear stresses dominates the first and third quadrant instead of the second and fourth one. These findings may help to improve our understanding of buoyancy-driven flow and buoyancy effects in turbulent models.
Intercultural Perspective on Impact of Video Games on Players: Insights from a Systematic Review of Recent Literature

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The video-game industry has become a significant force in the business and entertainment world. Video games have become so widespread and pervasive that they are now considered a part of the mass media, a common method of storytelling and representation. Despite the massive popularity of video games, their increasing variety, and the diversification of the player base, until very recently little attention was devoted to understanding how playing video games affects the way people think and collaborate across cultures. This paper examines the recent literature regarding the impact of video games on players from an intercultural perspective. Sixty-two studies are identified whose aim is to analyze behavioral-change, content understanding, knowledge acquisition, and perceptional impacts. Their findings suggest that video games have the potential to help to acquire cultural knowledge and develop intercultural literacy, socio-cultural literacy, cultural awareness, self-awareness, and the cultural understanding of different geopolitical spaces, to reinforce or weaken stereotypes, and to some extent also facilitate the development of intercultural skills. The paper provides valuable insights to the scholars, teachers, and practitioners of cultural studies, education, social studies, as well as to the researchers, pointing out areas for future research.
M. Hakan Yavuz, John L. Esposito (eds.), Turkish Islam and the Secular State: The Gülen Movement

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Complete reference: M. Hakan Yavuz; John L. Esposito (eds.) (2003), Turkish Islam and the Secular State: The Gülen Movement, Syracuse, N.Y., Syracuse University Press, xxxiii + 280 pages. $59.95 cloth; $24.95 paper. ISBN: 0815630409.Turkish Islam and the Secular State: The Gülen Movement, edited by Hakan Yavuz and John Esposito, appeared on time when there is an increasing interest in Islam’s engagement with the West and modernity. The global surge of so-called religious violence on the one ...
Insurance against poverty? The 'new-generation' agricultural microinsurance schemes

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Insurance has often been proposed as a remedy for risk, which in turn is a major cause of poverty (World Development Report 2000/2001). However, the history of insurance schemes (especially crop insurance schemes) in developing countries is unpromising with relation to both financial sustainability and poverty reduction. Is it possible to do better? As part of the diversification of microfinance, some new schemes aim to make progress by way of cost-covering premiums, poverty targeting and a range of defences against moral hazard of which the best known is restricting the insurance to climatic hazards in lieu of a yield or income guarantee. We examine three of these schemes (BASIX Andhra Pradesh, India; CERUDEB Uganda; and the proposed WIA in Ethiopia) and, with respect to CERUDEB, describe the process of premium setting, the results of sensitivity analyses and the determination of the optimal 'excess' or deductible. Serious impact analysis is premature, but the portents for filling a gap in the market and reducing poverty without running losses look promising.
The Changing British–Irish Relationship: The Sovereignty Dimension

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This essay focuses on the idea and practice of sovereignty, in particular state sovereignty. It deals with the ways sovereignty has featured in British policy since the 1960s in connection with the EU, Ireland and Northern Ireland, and within Great Britain. It argues that, despite continuing attachment to the old language of sovereignty, the UK has adapted how it 'does' sovereignty in connection with the EU and Ireland/Northern Ireland. In addition, while the supremacy of parliament is restated in the UK devolution settlements, it is unlikely that the 'process' of devolution of power away from the centre can be reversed. But, it is argued, such changes have taken place in piecemeal fashion and without much of a new language of sovereignty.
BrailleÉcran: A Braille Approach to Text Entry on Smartphones.

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Nowadays, due to touchscreen, mobile devices have become much more dynamic than in the past. However, due the same reason, those devices are less accessible for blind people. It is expected that in 2018, over half of mobile phone users will have a smartphone, therefore researches about mobile accessibility are very important. So, the aim of this systematic review is to cooperate with new research about methods for braille text entry on smartphones. The systematic searches in 5 databases, resulted in 11 papers that answered the research questions that grounded this work.
Tool support for fine-grained software inspection

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Software inspection is a proven technique to improve quality and reduce costs. Detailed source code inspections are an important part of the formal inspection process, but they require a significant time investment. Research advances in static program analysis can reduce the inspection time required. By calculating answers to standard inspection questions, CodeSurfer frees experts to focus their efforts on more challenging inspection issues. CodeSurfer provides access to and answers queries about the system-dependence graph representation of programs, and can be integrated with other tools.
Design Strategies for Solar Cells Devised to the Low Wavelengths Portion of the Solar Spectrum

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Beam split is an alternative point of view, with respect to multijunction, to recover spectral mismatch of single junction devices. Different portions of the solar spectrum should be directed to bandgap optimized devices, however some advantages could be attained by simply optimizing silicon devices to different portions of the solar spectrum. In this paper we analyze design strategies to optimize the collection capabilities of a silicon receiver illuminated by the low wavelength portion of the solar spectrum. The analysis is performed by means of three dimensional simulations compared with experiments. Results show that special care should be given to the emitter junction depth because a strong drop of efficiency occurs when same criteria of full spectrum cells are adopted.