jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Analysis of a delayed delta modulator

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

While delta modulation (DM) simply compares the current predictive estimate of the input with the current sample, delayed delta modulation (DDM) also compares with the upcoming sample so as to detect and anticipate slope overloading. Since this future sample must be available before the present output is determined and the estimate updated, delay is introduced at the encoding. The performance of DDM with perfect integration and step-function reconstruction is analyzed for each of three random input signals. In every case, the stochastic stability of the system is established. For a discrete time, independent and identically distributed input, the (limiting) joint distribution of input and output is derived, and the (asymptotic) mean-square sample point error mse(SP) is computed when the input is Gaussian. For a Wiener input, the joint distribution of the sample point and prediction errors is derived, and mse(SP) and the time-averaged mse (mse(TA)) are computed. For a stationary first-order Gauss-Markov input, the joint distribution of input and output is derived and mse(SP) and mse(TA) computed. Graphs of the mse's illustrate the improvement attainable by using DDM instead of DM. With optimal setting of parameters, mse(SP) (mse(TA)) is reduced about 15 percent ( 35 percent).
Tracking Cell Signals in Fluorescent Images

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper we present the techniques for tracking cell signal in GFP (Green Fluorescent Protein) images of growing cell colonies. We use such tracking for both data extraction and dynamic modeling of intracellular processes. The techniques are based on optimization of energy functions, which simultaneously determines cell correspondences, while estimating the mapping functions. In addition to spatial mappings such as affine and Thin-Plate Spline mapping, the cell growth and cell division histories must be estimated as well. Different levels of joint optimization are discussed. The most unusual tracking feature addressed in this paper is the possibility of one-to-two correspondences caused by cell division. A novel extended softassign algorithm for solutions of one-to-many correspondences is detailed in this paper. The techniques are demonstrated on three sets of data: growing bacillus Subtillus and e-coli colonies and a developing plant shoot apical meristem. The techniques are currently used by biologists for data extraction and hypothesis formation.
Assessing Interactions with DNA, Gene Transfection Potential, and Cytotoxicity of Amide‐Bonded Cationic Gemini Surfactants: The Role of Chain Length

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Gemini surfactants or simply Gemini with dual hydrophobic tails and hydrophilic head groups show promise in gene delivery applications due to their strong electrostatic interactions with negatively charged biomolecules. This study investigates the in‐vitro transfection efficiency of three amide‐bonded Gemini (AG‐12, AG‐14, AG‐16) at varying charge ratios (−/+). Optimal transfection efficiency was observed between 0.6 and 0.2, with AG‐16 (16‐carbon chain) demonstrating the highest efficiency, although its performance declined at higher concentrations due to strong DNA binding. All three Gemini outperformed the commercial standard, Turbofectamine, highlighting their potential in gene therapy. Ethidium bromide displacement assays revealed that the Gemini bind DNA through electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions, enhancing DNA compaction without significant conformational changes. Longer alkyl chains promoted DNA condensation and increased binding affinity. Dynamic light scattering studies revealed the stability of DNA‐Gemini complexes, which was influenced by charge ratio (−/+), providing insights into gene transfection outcomes. Cytotoxicity studies conducted on RAW 264.7 and HEK 293 cells revealed that the Gemini surfactants exhibited a greater toxic effect on the cancerous cells than on the healthy ones at higher concentrations. These findings underscore Gemini's potential for gene delivery, emphasizing the importance of optimizing charge ratio and chain length for efficient, low‐toxicity applications.
SHIP SINKING POLICY: A LEGAL ACTION TO ERADICATE ILLEGAL FISHING IN INDONESIA

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Illegal fishing poses a significant threat to Indonesia's marine resources, and addressing this issue is crucial for the country. To combat illegal fishing, the Indonesian government has implemented several policies, one of the most controversial being the sinking of vessels found to be involved in such activities. This article examines the government's strategies against illegal fishing, particularly focusing on the policy of sinking ships as a method to eradicate illegal fishing in Indonesian waters. The research conducted is normative legal research, utilizing a statutory approach. Data were collected by reviewing relevant national and international legal documents and analyzed descriptively. The findings reveal that the government's policies to counter illegal fishing include the establishment of Task Force 115, the Indonesian Marine Policy, a Transshipment Policy, and a Ship Sinking Policy. The effectiveness of these measures largely depends on the legal discretion of the minister in office. The Ship Sinking Policy, is viewed as a decisive and concrete action, significantly more impactful than other interventions. Furthermore, the policy of sinking ships is implemented based on sufficient preliminary evidence, which is essential to minimize conflicts with other countries. This approach underscores Indonesia's commitment to enforcing its maritime laws while maintaining diplomatic relations.
Chopin in the music culture of Russia in the second half of the nineteenth century. From Glinka to Scriabin

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This article deals with the reception of Chopin’s music in Russia during the second half of the nineteenth century, as broadly understood. The Chopin cult that developed in Russia was not only genuine, it was exceptional in Europe, giving rise to numerous artistic achievements in many complementary areas, above all composition, pianism and music publishing. The author discusses the issue from an historical perspective, presenting profiles of six outstanding Russian composers in whose life and work the influence of Chopin was at its greatest. The first is Mikhail Glinka, a pioneer of the national orientation in Russian music, who drew abundantly on Chopinian models. The next generation is represented by Anton Rubinstein, the most famous Russian pianist of his times, and two of the Mighty Handful, Mily Balakirev and Nikolay Rimsky-Korsakov. Among the last heirs to Chopin in Russia, pursuing their artistic careers around the turn of the twentieth century, are two composers who masterfully assimilated the stylistic idiom of the composer of the Polonaise-Fantasy, namely Anatoly Lyadov, known as the “Russian Chopin”, and Alexander Scriabin.
PLANT SOIL ENVIRON., 49, 2003 (3): 135–140 135 The effect of UV-B radiation on plant growth and development

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In the experiment conducted in the greenhouse, the different doses of UV-B radiation applied to the two species Avena fatua and Setaria viridis induced changes in leaf and plant morphology. It was a decrease of plant height, fresh mass of leaves, shoots and roots as well as leaf area. Besides, it caused the leaf curling in both of the species. The significant differences between Avena fatua and Setaria viridis in the studied traits were mainly due to the tillering ability of the species. The content of chlorophyll varied considerably. The average values of leaf greenness (SPAD units) for oats were about 43 while for green foxtail 32, respectively. U-VB did not reduce leaf weight ratio, shoot dry matter, shoot to root ratio and leaf area ratio.
Scaling Laws of Cognitive Ad Hoc Networks over General Primary Network Models

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We study the capacity scaling laws for the cognitive network that consists of the primary hybrid network (PhN) and secondary ad hoc network (SaN). PhN is further comprised of an ad hoc network and a base station-based (BS-based) network. SaN and PhN are overlapping in the same deployment region, operate on the same spectrum, but are independent with each other in terms of communication requirements. The primary users (PUs), i.e., the ad hoc nodes in PhN, have the priority to access the spectrum. The secondary users (SUs), i.e., the ad hoc nodes in SaN, are equipped with cognitive radios, and have the functionalities to sense the idle spectrum and obtain the necessary information of primary nodes in PhN. We assume that PhN adopts one out of three classical types of strategies, i.e., pure ad hoc strategy, BS-based strategy, and hybrid strategy. We aim to directly derive multicast capacity for SaN to unify the unicast and broadcast capacities under two basic principles: 1) The throughput for PhN cannot be undermined in order sense due to the presence of SaN. 2) The protocol adopted by PhN does not alter in the interest of SaN, anyway. Depending on which type of strategy is adopted in PhN, we design the optimal-throughput strategy for SaN. We show that there exists a threshold of the density of SUs according to the density of PUs beyond which it can be proven that: 1) when PhN adopts the pure ad hoc strategy or hybrid strategy, SaN can achieve the multicast capacity of the same order as it is stand-alone; 2) when PhN adopts the BS-based strategy, SaN can asymptotically achieve the multicast capacity of the same order as if PhN were absent, if some specific conditions in terms of relations among the numbers of SUs, PUs, the destinations of each multicast session in SaN, and BSs in PhN hold.
How do firms present choice to consumers? Some unusual decision constructs along the B2C transaction process

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Certain features amongst some online retailers are atypical of ‘good’ design; the transaction process presents consumers with optional extras that not only slowed the process down, but also stressed and agitated consumers. An established norm is that web design, employing human computer interaction (HCI) principles, develops applications that are easy to use and make the consumer experience positively engaging and productive (Rogers et al., 2011; Shneiderman and Plaisant, 2010; Sklar, 2006). This norm is in question today, as many points in commercial Business-to-Consumer (B2C) transactions are riddled with pitfalls intended to slowdown, confuse or trick consumers (Barry and Torres, 2009). This paper offers a taxonomy of decision constructs encountered throughout online B2C transactional processes. The findings make an incremental contribution in theorising, identifying and categorising new and established decision constructs, as well as reporting on whether the decision constructs are used and examining them in terms of factors such as opacity, clarity and user frustration.
Introduction: Statistical and Methodological Myths and Urban Legends

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Although a kernel of truth or appropriateness underlies each one, numerous methodological and statistical criteria have been stretched beyond that kernel and have evolved into myths and urban legends. They are truly legends in that those applying it were told it was so and have thus accepted it and perpetuated it themselves in interactions with others. This is particularly prevalent in the manuscript development and review processes in which the mythical aspects of those criteria are applied. The end result is a degradation of the research process. The feature topic's purpose is to uncover the kernel of truth underlying the mythical nature of alternative model testing, cutoff values for certain criteria, common method bias, and mediation test. It is developmental in nature in that the desired result is to end the legendary application of those criteria and return to applying them in their intended manner.
Occurrence Download

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A dataset containing 3951 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query: { "TaxonKey" : [ "is Ceratophryidae" ] } The dataset includes 3951 records from 149 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0080122-240506114902167/datasets/export for details. Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
Hypersomnia with sudden sleep attacks ("symptomatic narcolepsy") on the basis of vertebrobasilar artery insufficiency. A case report.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Report of a 56-year-old patient with a one-year-history of uncontrolable sleep attacks occurring at daytime and episodes of unsteadiness, dizziness, diplopia and dysarthria. The clinical evaluation revealed evidence of vertebrobasilar artery enlargement and insufficiency. He has become symptom-free under appropriate treatment. This raises the question of "symptomatic narcolepsy" caused by vascular brain stem disorder.
QUANTUM PHYSICS AND THEOLOGY: JOHN POLKINGHORNE ON THOUGHT EXPERIMENTS

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract Thought experimentation is part of accepted scientific practice, and this makes it surprising that philosophers of science did not seriously engage with it for a very long time. The situation changed in the 1990s, resulting in a highly intriguing debate over thought experiments. Initially, the discussion focused mostly on thought experiments in physics, philosophy, and mathematics. Other disciplines have since become the subject of interest. Yet, nothing substantial has been said about the role of thought experiments in nonphilosophical theology. This paper discusses the role of thought experiments in Christian theology in comparison to their role in quantum physics, as mentioned by John Polkinghorne in Quantum Physics and Theology . We first look briefly at the history of the inquiry into thought experiments and then at Polkinghorne's remarks about the role of thought experimentation in quantum physics and Christian eschatology. To determine the actual importance of thought experiments in Christian theology a number of new examples are introduced in a third step. In the light of these examples, in a fourth step, we address the question of what it is that explains the cognitive efficacy of thought experiments in quantum physics and Christian theology.
Reporting dinaciclib and theodrenaline as a multitargeted inhibitor against SARS-CoV-2: an in-silico study

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is one of the rapid spreading coronaviruses that belongs to the Coronaviridae family. The rapidly evolving nature of SARS-CoV-2 results in a variety of variants with a capability of evasion to existing therapeutics and vaccines. So, there is an imperative need to discover potent drugs that can able to disrupt the function of multiple drug targets to tackle the SARS-CoV-2 menace. Here in this study, we took the different targets of SARS-CoV-2 prepared in the Schrodinger maestro. The library of the DrugBank database is screened against the selected crucial targets. Our molecular docking, Molecular Mechanics/Generalized Born Surface Area (MMGBSA), and molecular dynamics simulation studies led to identifying dinaciclib and theodrenaline as potential drugs against multiple drug targets: main protease, NSP15-endoribonuclease and papain-like-protease, of SARS-CoV-2. Dinaciclib with papain-like protease and NSP15-endoribonuclease show the docking score of -7.015 and -8.737, respectively, while the theodrenaline with NSP15-endoribonuclease and main protease produced the docking score of -8.507 and -7.289, respectively. Furthermore, the binding free energy calculations with MM/GBSA and molecular dynamics simulation studies of the complexes confirm the reliability of the drugs. The selected drugs are capable of binding to multiple targets simultaneously, thus withstanding their activity of target disruption in different variants of SARS-CoV-2. Although, the repurposed drugs are showing potent activity, but may need further in-vitro and in-vivo validations.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
Hyper-Parameter in Hidden Markov Random Field

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Hidden Markov random eld(HMRF) is one of the most common model for image segmentation which is an important preprocessing in many imaging devices. The HMRF has unknown hyper-parameters on Markov random field to be estimated in segmenting testing images. However, in practice, due to computational complexity, it is often assumed to be a fixed constant. In this paper, we numerically show that the segmentation results very depending on the fixed hyper-parameter, and, if the parameter is misspecified, they further depend on the choice of the class-labelling algorithm. In contrast, the HMRF with estimated hyper-parameter provides consistent segmentation results regardless of the choice of class labelling and the estimation method. Thus, we recommend practitioners estimate the hyper-parameter even though it is computationally complex.
An information-theoretic proof of Burg's maximum entropy spectrum

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

It is known that the maximum entropy stationary Gaussian stochastic process, subject to a finite number of autocorrelation constraints, is the Gauss-Markov process of appropriate order. The associated spectrum is Burg's maximum entropy spectral density. We pose a somewhat broader entropy maximization problem, in which stationarity and normality are not assumed, and shift the burden of proof from the previous focus on the calculus of variations and time series techniques to a string of information-theoretic inequalities. This results in an elementary proof of greater generality.
Autoantibodies against C-reactive protein: clinical associations in systemic lupus erythematosus and primary antiphospholipid syndrome.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We confirmed the high prevalence of anti-CRP autoantibodies both in patients with SLE and in non-SLE and aPL-positive patients. We observed that the presence of these antibodies was associated with lupus nephritis and with clinical features of the APS in patients with lupus and non-lupus patients.
How do exchange rates affect environmental quality?

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Abstract Exchange rates are integral to explaining the environmental consequences of globalization because they govern the prices of imported inputs and the price competitiveness of exports and, consequently, firms' input use decisions, production levels and emissions. We study how exchange rates, foreign input sourcing and export orientation determine environmental outcomes across countries and industries in both theoretical and empirical contexts. For industries that rely intensively on imported intermediate inputs, a stronger domestic currency leads to higher emission intensities (emissions per unit of output), while the reverse holds for industries that export intensively. Our results thus show that exchange rates have implications for the environment that have heretofore remained unexplored.
Comparison of Extraction\nMethods for the Comprehensive Analysis of Mouse Brain Proteome using\nShotgun-based Mass Spectrometry

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

This study compares 16 different extraction methods for\nthe comprehensive extraction of mouse brain proteome in combination\nwith “shotgun”-based mass spectrometry (MS). Membrane\nproteins (MPs) are responsible for a large part of the regulatory\nfunctions of the cell and are therefore of great interest to extract\nand analyze. Sixteen protein extraction protocols were evaluated in\nregards to protein yield and number of identified proteins with emphasis\non MPs. The extracted proteins were delipidated, on-filter digested,\nand analyzed by reversed phase nanoliquid chromatography (RP-nanoLC)\nin combination with electrospray ionization (ESI) tandem mass spectrometry\n(MS/MS) using a 7 T hybrid LTQ-FT mass spectrometer. Detergent-based\nlysis buffers showed higher efficiencies and yields in the extraction\nof proteins from the brain tissue compared to solubilization with\norganic solvents or organic acids. The detergent octyl-β-d-glucopyranoside gave the highest number of identified proteins\n(541) as well as numbers and percentages of identified MPs (29%).\nDetergent-based protocols are the best sample preparation tools for\ncentral nervous system (CNS) tissue and can readily be applied to\nscreen for candidate biomarkers of neurological diseases.
Dissection of the Functional Structure of Aptamer17, Which Specifically Recognizes Differentiated PC12 Cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

A specific single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) aptamer (aptamer17) that specifically recognizes differentiated PC12 cells had been previously obtained after 6 rounds of whole cell-based subtractive systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment selection from a random ssDNA library. To further investigate the relationship between the structure and function of this aptamer, 3 truncated ssDNA aptamers were designed according to the predicted secondary structure of aptamer17. Our results show that the stem-loop is the core structure of the aptamers required for specific binding to differentiated PC12 cells, specifically loops I and II. Aptamer17 and the truncated aptamers with this basic structure could bind specifically to differentiated PC12 cells and identify these cells from a mixture of differentiated and undifferentiated PC12 cells. Therefore, truncated forms of aptamer17 may be useful in the clinic to identify undifferentiated and differentiated PC12 cells from a mixture of cells.
Project for rearrangement of Park Gradac

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Perivoj Gradac najstariji je (1898.g.)i ujedno najveci (1, 7 ha) postojeci javni perivoj na kopnenom dijelu grada Dubrovnika. S obzirom na oronulo stanje i ratna ostecenja perivoja, Grad Dubrovnik zatražio je od Komunalnog poduzeca za javno zelenilo Vrtlar-Dubrovnik izradu idejnog projekta njegove obnove sukladno suvremenim potrebama. Izrađen je idejni projekt sacinjen u dva sveska. I.svezak sadrži: analizu, fotodokumentaciju i vrednovanje postojeceg stanja, konzervatorske smjernice, opis idejnih rjesenja vrtnog uređenja, parkovne opreme, rasvjete, vodovoda i odvodnje s grafickim shemama i troskovnicima (str. 117). II svezak sadrži: 10 nacrta vrtnog i gradbenog uređenja, od kojih su 4 nacrta u mj. 1:200 i 6 nacrta u mj. 1:400. Tu su geodetska snimka , prikaz zatecenog stanja i vrednovanja zelenila, hodnih povrsina i dr., projektna rjesenja uređenja zelenila, setnica s odmoristima, okupljalista i dr.
EFFECT OF GAMMA RADIATION ON WHEAT PROTEINS

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

An observed higher degree of autolysis in irradiated (20–200 Krads) wheat is apparently due to increased susceptibility of proteins to protease action. Total amino acid profiles of wheat and of isolated gluten reveal no appreciable changes on irradiation up to 1 Mrad. However, there is an overall increase in free amino acid levels in wheat irradiated at 1 Mrad. Lysine availability in wheat is not affected by radiation treatment. Studies on radiosensitivities of wheat proteins show a shift in molecular weight distribution to lower values.