jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Implementation matters: assessing the effectiveness and sustainment of an obstetric triage program at a high-volume facility in Ghana

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Maternal mortality remains stubbornly high in Ghana. Current national efforts are focused on improving the quality of care offered in health facilities. Obstetric triage is one intervention that has been proposed to improve the timeliness and appropriateness of care, two key elements of quality. In this study, we describe and evaluate a theory-based implementation approach to introduce obstetric triage into Tema General Hospital, a high-volume maternity hospital in Greater Accra, that blends concepts from implementation science and quality improvement. This implementation project was a first attempt to scale this intervention into a new facility, following initial development in the Greater Accra Regional Hospital (formerly Ridge Hospital) in Accra.This was a retrospective mixed-methods evaluation of two stages of implementation: active implementation and sustainment. We triangulated monitoring data captured during active implementation with clinical outcome data (timeliness of first assessment, accuracy of diagnosis, and appropriateness of care plan) from direct observation or patient obstetric triage assessment forms at baseline, at the completion of the active implementation stage, and following a 12-month "washout" period with no contact between hospital staff and the purveyor organization. Finally, we assessed embeddedness of the new triage procedures using the NoMad, a quantitative assessment of constructs from normalization process theory (NPT).Patient waiting time decreased substantially during the study. At baseline, the median arrival-to-assessment waiting time was 70.5 min (IQR: 30.0-443.0 min). Waiting time decreased to 6.0 min (IQR: 3.0-15.0 min) following active implementation and to 5.0 min (IQR: 2.0-10.0 min) during the sustainment period. Accuracy of diagnosis was high at the end of active implementation (75.7% correct) and improved during the sustainment period (to 77.9%). The appropriateness of care plans also improved during the sustainment period (from 66.0 to 78.9%). Per NoMad data, hospital staff generally perceive obstetric triage to be well integrated into the facility.This theory-based implementation approach proved to be successful in introducing a novel obstetric triage concept to a busy high-volume hospital, despite resource constraints and a short implementation window. Results proved long-lasting, suggesting this approach has high potential for engendering sustainability in other facilities as well. Our approach will be useful to other initiatives that aim to utilize program data to create and test implementation theories.
Investigation of the relation between low back pain and occupation. VII. Neurologic and orthopedic condition.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Neuro-orthopedic examination was carried out on 429 patients suffering from LBP, and on 271 controls. Neurological deficit was found in 49 LBP but in none of the controls. Of the orthopedic signs, the most significant indicators of LBP were hypolordosis, scoliosis, limitation of movement and contracted paraspinal muscles. Various degrees of affection of the hip joints were found in 49 LBP as against 4 controls; the majority of these patients complained of LBP and not of hip disorders. It is stressed that an early and thorough neuro-orthopedic examination is essential for diagnosis and therapy and has important legal implications, mainly with regard to the time factor.
Formation of Hot OH Bonds in the Radiationless Relaxations of Excited Rare Earth Ions in Aqueous Solutions

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFormation of Hot OH Bonds in the Radiationless Relaxations of Excited Rare Earth Ions in Aqueous SolutionsAdam HellerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1966, 88, 9, 2058–2059Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1966https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00961a046https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00961a046research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views320Altmetric-Citations104LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Bridging the Gap: Investigating the State-of-the-Art Approaches in Oral Biologic Delivery and Their Role in Redefining Therapeutic Possibilities

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Biopharmaceutical medications that originate from biological sources and processes are known as biologics. Biologics are now the most promising medications for oral use in treating a variety of illnesses. These illnesses may involve problems with inflammation and metabolism. It has been established that the most practical way to provide medication is by oral delivery of biologics. Due to the simplicity of taking doses, patients are observed to be directed towards the oral drug, demonstrating its great effectiveness. Even though biologicals are the most promising medicine, oral delivery of these drugs still faces numerous challenges because of a number of extremely strict limitations. The two major obstacles are the sensitivity and the difficulty of delivering the biologics through the gastrointestinal tract. Because oral administration of biologicals has been shown to be crucial for achieving the desired long-term effects from the treatment, it is the most researched topic and continues to attract the attention of several researchers. Since it is more convenient for patients, taking medications orally is preferred; however, biologics cannot currently be administered orally. Multiple barriers are present in the gastrointestinal tract due to its physiological role, which restricts the absorption of complex macromolecules into the body after intake. Because biologics are relatively large molecules, they have very limited permeability across the intestinal mucosa in addition to being exceedingly vulnerable to the harsh environment of the digestive tract. The history of research on oral delivery of biologics is extensive, and the recent surge in biologics has further intensified this body of work. The primary physiological obstacles to oral biologic delivery are outlined in this article along with many research approaches that may be used to facilitate or enhance oral biological delivery. Keywords: Biologics, intestinal mucosa, permeability, oral delivery, gastrointestinal tract, macromolecules
Enabling Scalable Data Processing and Management through Standards-based Job Execution and the Global Federated File System

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Emerging challenges for scientific communities are to efficiently process big data obtained by experimentation and computational simulations. Supercomputing architectures are available to support scalable and high performant processing environment, but many of the existing algorithm implementations are still unable to cope with its architectural complexity. One approach is to have innovative technologies that effectively use these resources and also deal with geographically dispersed large datasets. Those technologies should be accessible in a way that data scientists who are running data intensive computations do not have to deal with technical intricacies of the underling execution system. Our work primarily focuses on providing data scientists with transparent access to these resources in order to easily analyze data. Impact of our work is given by describing how we enabled access to multiple high performance computing resources through an open standards-based middleware that takes advantage of a unified data management provided by the the Global Federated File System. Our architectural design and its associated implementation is validated by a usecase that requires massivley parallel DBSCAN outlier detection on a 3D point clouds dataset.
Investigation on Mass Sensitivity of N-M Type Electrode Quartz Crystal Microbalance

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Mass sensitivity plays a crucial role in the practical application of quartz crystal microbalances (QCMs)-based quantitative analysis. n-m type QCMs have many applications, so it is necessary to clarify the relationship between the mass sensitivity and the electrode of the n-m type QCM. The performance of gold-plated films with different electrodes was studied by theoretical calculation and experiment. The results show that the mass sensitivity on the surface of the n electrode and the surface of the m electrode are essentially the same. Meanwhile, the mass sensitivity of n-m type QCMs varies with the diameter of the n and m electrodes. When the diameter of the n electrode is close to half the diameter of the m electrode, mass sensitivity is at maximum value. These results are important for the further designs and applications of n-m type QCMs.
Association of an interleukin abnormality with the T cell defect in Hodgkin's disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract The cellular immune defect in untreated Hodgkin's disease (HD) has long been recognized. This defect appears to be responsible for at least some of the morbidity and ultimately the mortality associated with the disease. In recent years, many studies have shown that the T cell component of the immune response is the apparent site where the defect in HD exists and where the immunoregulatory abnormalities that may account for the deficit are observed. The discovery of the lymphokines and monokines, comprising the human interleukin system, has elucidated some aspects of the regulatory control of the functional pathways involved in T lymphocyte activation and proliferation. The interleukin system can therefore provide the framework to dissect immunodeficiency states, such as that seen in HD. The present study indicates that HD patients' interleukin 1 (IL1) response appears to be normal, as is their T cell proliferative response to exogenous IL2. Interleukin 2 production by HD patients' peripheral blood mononuclear cells, however, is decreased when compared with age/sex-matched controls. The inability to generate IL2 after appropriate stimulation may reflect either a primary cellular defect or a regulatory defect, such as excessive immunosuppression, giving rise to the characteristic T cell hyporesponsiveness seen in HD.
Low-frequency viscoelastic properties of canine femoral artery in vivo

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Mechanical properties of the canine femoral artery in vivo are measured as a function of frequency (0.0025--0.1 Hz) and as a function of mean pressure (10--16 kPa). Sinusoidal pressure variations are generated with a servo-controlled occluder system. The absolute value of the Young's modulus increases with mean pressure (E = 0.63 X 10(5) exp(0.211P)-N.m-2) at 0.05 Hz; where P is pressure. At heart rate frequencies (average value 2.22 Hz) this relation is: E = 1.25 X 10(5) exp(0.175P) N.m-2. The phase angle of the Young's modulus is independent of pressure at both frequencies. At 0.05 Hz we found: phi = 0.189 - 0.00788 P radians and at 2.22 Hz: phi = 0.0723 + 0.000428 P. The slope of both lines is not significantly different from zero slope (alpha = 0.05). Frequency dependence is studied at a constant pressure level (Pr, average value 14.3 kPa) just below the animals' mean pressure levels (average value 15.9 kPa). The frequency behavior of the elastic modulus is fitted with a function with two poles and two zeros (poles at 0.003 and 0.038 Hz; zeros at 0.0022 and 0.03 Hz).
Novel Twin Poly-Si Thin-Film Transistors EEPROM With Trigate Nanowire Structure

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

This letter demonstrates a novel twin poly-Si thin-film transistor (TFT) electrical erasable PROM (EEPROM) that utilizes trigate nanowires (NWs). The NW TFT EEPROM has superior gate control because its trigate structure provides a higher memory window and program/erase (P/E) efficiency over those of a single-channel one. For endurance and retention, the memory window can be maintained at 1.5 V after 103 P/E cycles and 25% charge loss for ten years of NW twin poly-Si EEPROM. This investigation explores its feasibility in future active matrix liquid crystal display system-on-panel and 3-D stacked Flash memory applications.
Changes in drug demand when a pandemic coincides with other outbreaks in a war zone country

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Population Medicine considers the following types of articles:• Research Papers -reports of data from original research or secondary dataset analyses.• Review Papers -comprehensive, authoritative, reviews within the journal's scope.These include both systematic reviews and narrative reviews.• Short Reports -brief reports of data from original research.• Policy Case Studies -brief articles on policy development at a regional or national level.• Study Protocols -articles describing a research protocol of a study.• Methodology Papers -papers that present different methodological approaches that can be used to investigate problems in a relevant scientific field and to encourage innovation.• Methodology Papers -papers that present different methodological approaches that can be used to investigate problems in a relevant scientific field and to encourage innovation.
A Laboratory Evaluation for the Potential of Entomopathogenic Fungi against Tribolium castaneum (Herbst.) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The red flour beetle is a very important primary insect pest of wheat worldwide. The experiments were performed to check the virulence of Beauveria bassiana and Isaria fumosorosea by insect dipping method on the adults and 2nd instar of Tribolium castaneum. Conidia were taken from 15 days old fungi and subsequently four concentrations i.e., 2×108, 3×108, 4×108 and 5×108 spores/ml of both fungi were prepared in 0.05% Tween 80 solution. Minimum 12.5% and maximum 32.5% mortality of adult insects was recorded on 7th day after the treatment at 2×108 and 5×108 spores/ml concentrations of B. bassiana, respectively while on larval stages, minimum 2.5% on 5th day and maximum 80.0% mortality was observed on 7th day post treatment of B. bassiana, respectively. On the other side, minimum 7.5 and maximum 22.5 mortality percentage was noted on 7th day post application of I. fumosorosea, respectively while on immatures minimum 5% on 6th day and highest 70% mortality was noted on 7th day post infection with 2×108 and 5×108 spores/ml of I. fumosorosea, correspondingly. This study showed the effectiveness of insect pathogenic fungi against the important stored grain insect pest and proved to be a positive management strategy.
Enantioselective Alkynylation of Aldehydes by Mixed Aggregates of 3-Aminopyrrolidine Lithium Amides and Lithium Acetylides

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Lithium acetylides form, with 3-aminopyrrolidine lithium amides, noncovalent 1/1 mixed aggregates that have been characterized by 1D and 2D multinuclear NMR spectroscopy and DFT computations. The results show that the complex adopts a structure organized around a N–Li–C–Li core and that the acetylide appendage lies within the plane of this quadrilateral, midway between the two lithium cations. These complexes have been employed for the enantioselective alkynylation of a series of aromatic aldehydes and provided the expected propargylic alcohols in ee values up to 85% in THF at −78 °C.
[Selective inhibition of microcirculation in tumor tissue by manipulated blood pressure reduction].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

It was shown on the DS-carcinosarcoma of rat that NAD-induced blood pressure reduction to 50% of the initial value is followed by a selective compression ischemia in the tumor tissue. In this period that can be prolonged to at least 10 min by infusion of NAD the microcirculation in the tumor tissue is almost completely inhibited. Determinations of the blood volume confirm the results obtained bei O. D. measurements. The significance of this finding and its eventual utilization (cancer therapy) are discussed.
[A post-traumatic locked-in syndrome with delayed onset].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We report a case of locked-in syndrome occurring two days after a cranio-cervical trauma in a 28 years old male patient. It was a consequence of basilar thrombosis after left vertebral artery dissection secondary to a vertebral fracture at the C6 level. Decerebrate rigidity and apparent unconsciousness led to misdiagnosing it for post traumatic coma. It took several days to correct this mistake. To avoid this pitfall, we insist on the clinical features of this syndrome and discuss which investigations are needed and which therapy is available.
Analysis of Somatic Symptoms of Major Depressive Patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background and Aims Major depressive patients commonly report psychological and somatic symptoms SS. Reports suggest that the prevalence nature and frequency of reported SS vary depending on the somatization criteria and the way patients are interviewed. We analysed these parameters with or without structured interview in major depressive patients.Methods It was a cohort prospective study. Major depressive patients who satisfied the study criteria were randomly assigned equally for qualitative self-report and quantitative structured interview using SS scale-18 items measurements. Hamilton depression rating scale-17 items was administered to assess the depression severity. A depressive patient who reports at least one SS was counted as somatizing. Collected data were assessed using descriptive statistics and Welchrsquos t-test p lt 0.05.Results Total 510 major depressive patients of both genders aged from 18-60 years were enrolled. Of these finally 251 50.1 patients mean age 30.0 plusmn 18.6 years and 250 49.9 patients mean age 34.65 plusmn 1.6years were respectively assigned for qualitative and quantitative measurements. Prevalence of somatizing depressive patients was found to be 98.8 in qualitative 248251 and quantitative 247250 measurements. The study patients reported 9 and 18 SS to various extents respectively. Sequentially parasthetic sensation 60 149248 and headache 72.5 179247 SS were found to be frequently reported. Over 50 of depressive patients commonly reported headache parasthetic sensation fatigue body pain and heaviness in the head.Conclusions Majority of major depressive patients commonly report SS such as headache paresthetic sensation fatigue body pain and heaviness in the head among others.
Existence, Uniqueness, and Spectral Properties of Nonlinear Eigenvalue Problems

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We consider the following nonlinear eigenvalue problem: \n \n(1) (p(x)u')' + λf(x, u) = 0, 0 ≤ x ≤ 1, \n \n(2) a₀u(0) – a₁u'(0) =0, |a₀| + |a₁| ≠ 0, \n \n(3) b₀u(1) + b₁u'(1) =0, |b₀| + |b₁| ≠ 0.
SAPPHiRE: a Small Gamma-Gamma Higgs Factory

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A new particle with mass ~ 125 GeV that resembles the Higgs boson has recently been discovered by ATLAS and CMS. We propose a low-energy gamma-gamma collider as a cost- and time-efficient option for a Higgs factory capable of studying this particle in detail. In the past, this option has been suggested as a possible application of the CLIC two-beam accelerator technology (the CLIC Higgs Experiment, CLICHE) or as an option for the ILC. Here we propose a design based on a pair of \sim 10 GeV recirculating Linacs (Small Accelerator for Photon-Photon Higgs production using Recirculating Electrons, SAPPHiRE) similar in design to those proposed for the LHeC. We present parameters for the e- beams and sketch a laser backscattering system capable of producing a gamma-gamma peak luminosity of 0.36 \times 10^34/cm2/s with E_CM (gamma-gamma) \sim 125 GeV. A gamma-gamma collider with such a luminosity could be used to measure accurately the mass, bbar, WW\ast, and gamma-gamma decays of the Higgs boson. We also comment on possible synergies with other projects such as LHeC, the ILC or CLIC, and on other physics prospects in gamma-gamma and e-gamma collisions.
Arthropods associated with Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis Mill. 1768) in the Bouchaoui forest, Algeria

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This study was carried out in an area of Aleppo pine reforestation located at La Croix Blanche, in the heart of the Bouchaoui-Algeria forest. The region has an annual rainfall of 752.61 mm and belongs to the subhumid to temperate winter bioclimatic zone. Two sampling methods were used between February and May 2022 : the Barber pot method and the yellow trap method. The two trapping techniques identified a total of 88 species, divided between 59 species for the yellow traps and 29 species for the Barber pots. These species belonged to 5 classes, 15 orders and 58 families, with a marked predominance of insects, which numbered 9 orders and 48 families. The most represented orders are Hymenoptera and Diptera, each with 11 and 17 families respectively, totalling 21 species each. Coleoptera follows with 8 families and 20 species, then Hemiptera with 5 families and 8 species. The average species richness in the Barber pots ranged from 0.87 to 3.75 species, while in the yellow traps it was 0.62 species in April and 0.44 species in February 2022.
Correlative Fluorescence and Electron Microscopy on Ultrathin Cryosections: Bridging the Resolution Gap

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Microscopy has become increasingly important for analysis of cells and cell function in recent years. This is due in large part to advances in light microscopy that facilitate quantitative studies and improve imaging of living cells. Analysis of fluorescence signals has often been a key feature in these advances. Such studies involve a number of techniques, including imaging of fluorescently labeled proteins in living cells, single-cell physiological experiments using fluorescent indicator probes, and immunofluorescence localization. The importance of fluorescence microscopy notwithstanding, there are instances in which electron microscopy provides unique information about cell structure and function. Correlative microscopy in which a fluorescence signal is reconciled with a signal from the electron microscope is an additional tool that can provide powerful information for cellular analysis. Here we review two different methodologies for correlative fluorescence and electron microscopy using ultrathin cryosections and the advantages attendant on this approach.
[Indications for urodynamic studies before and after adenomectomy].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Preoperative urodynamic examinations are an important supplement to our diagnostic repertoire in cases of adenoma of the vesical cervix. Flow measurement should always be carried out. In routine practice further urodynamic examinations are only indicated in uncertain cases. Exact preoperative diagnosis will greatly improve the results of adenectomy. Persistent dysuria or incontinence are always an indication for post operative urodynamic examinations. Here efficient therapy is made possible by exact diagnosis.