jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Mirror Laser-Treatment Lenses: Possible Risks Associated With Lens Design

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

To the Editor.

—In ophthalmic laser surgery, contact lenses are employed to allow the visualization of internal features of the eye and their exposure to carefully controlled laser irradiation. The contact lenses are modifications of designs that were originally developed for slit-lamp biomicroscopy. The danger of portions of the laser beam being reflected back from a contact lens has been well recognized, and antireflection coats are used on the first surface of all laser-treatment lenses. Despite the presence of front surface coatings, uncomfortable "flashback" reflections of bright aiming beams occur when portions of the beam return to enter the viewing microscope. On other occasions, significant portions of light are observed to be reflected back into the room. These bright reflections occur most noticeably in lenses that have two or more mirrors. The design of four-mirrored lenses appears to allow the greatest chance of flashback reflections of substantial portions of the
Sex Ratio And Placenta Praevia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In the authors' Department, 144 cases of placenta praevia were treated in the course of 15 years. This number amounted to 0.54% of all births. The sex ratio of fetuses inassociated with this complication was 166.6, which exceeds that of all neonates during the same period of time. A preponderance of male babies was noted when the material was further analysed according to maternal age, parity and neonatal birth weight.
Direct observation of precipitates and self-organized nanostructures in molecular-beam epitaxy grown heavily doped GaAs:Si

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

We report a cross-sectional scanning tunneling microscopy investigation of heavily Si doped [001]-oriented GaAs grown by molecular-beam epitaxy. At a very high doping level (6×1019 cm−3), Si-doping induced precipitates are directly observed in XSTM images of the as-grown epitaxial layers. Most of the precipitates are found to have a characteristic oval shape with the long axis (∼80 Å) along the growth direction. In contrast to the low diffusivity of randomly distributed Si dopants in the moderate doping regime, these precipitates are found to be highly mobile and spontaneously form ‘‘nanowires’’ during crystal growth.
Commuter Mode Choice and Free Car Parking, Public Transportation Benefits, Showers/Lockers, and Bike Parking at Work: Evidence from the Washington, DC Region

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Municipalities and employers in the U.S. attempt to reduce commuting by automobile through commuter benefits for riding public transportation, walking, or cycling. Many employers provide a combination of benefits, often including free car parking alongside benefits for public transportation, walking, and cycling. This study evaluates the relationship between commuter benefits and mode choice for the commute to work using revealed preference data on 4,630 regular commuters, including information about free car parking, public transportation benefits, showers/lockers, and bike parking at work in the Washington, DC region. Multinomial logistic regression results show that free car parking at work is related to more driving. Commuters offered either public transportation benefits, showers/lockers, or bike parking, but no free car parking, are more likely to either ride public transportation, walk, or cycle to work. The joint provision of benefits for public transportation, walking, and cycling is related to an increased likelihood to commute by all three of these modes and a decreased likelihood of driving. However, the inclusion of free car parking in benefit packages alongside benefits for public transportation, walking, and cycling, seems to offset the effect of these incentives. Benefits for public transportation, walking, and cycling, seem to work best when car parking is not free.
Stabilization of acidified skimmed milk with HM pectin

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

HM pectin was used to stabilize acidified milk drinks system.The particle size,viscosity and sedimentation,as well as the heat treat stability,were used to evaluate the amount of pectin needed to stabilize AMD.The results show that acidify temperature influences the reaction between HM pectin and casein,which is useful for the study of long shelf life and short shelf life acidified milk beverage.
Chris Myers Asch and George Derek Musgrove. Chocolate City: A History of Race and Democracy in the Nation’s Capital.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Nearly 250,000 protesters descended on the District of Columbia to participate in the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom on August 28, 1963. Despite warnings of disorder and racial upheaval, the world witnessed a peaceful gathering that culminated with the historic “I Have a Dream” speech by Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. The powerful symbolism of demonstrators standing united and rallying at the Lincoln Memorial on the centenary of the Emancipation Proclamation helped build momentum as well as popular support for a civil rights revolution that transformed America’s legal and political landscape. Ironically, when the lion’s share of protesters returned to their respective communities, the nation’s “first majority-black major city” remained the “voteless capital of democracy,” segregated, with no representation in Congress (2). In Chocolate City: A History of Race and Democracy in the Nation’s Capital, Chris Myers Asch and George Derek Musgrove explore the highly complex metamorphosis of the nation’s capital from a scantly populated plantation community with slaves to a booming diversified metropolis with a majority black population by the 1960s. This ambitious study spans four centuries, and in vivid detail it chronicles the intricate relationship of race and democracy in the nation’s capital. Here, importantly, the experiences of African Americans take center stage. From Mina Queen, William Costin, and Isaac Cary’s early attempts to expand citizenship rights and democracy to Reginald Booker, Walter Fauntroy, and Marion Barry’s battles against racial injustice, black Washingtonians throughout this period rejected the district’s white political leadership’s notion of black subservience. Instead, black activists devised strategies as well as organized institutions to challenge the social, economic, and political injustice rampant in the city. These stories played an integral part in shaping the distinctive history of Washington’s vibrant black community often affectionately referred to as “Chocolate City,” as the funk band Parliament solidified in their 1975 tribute album to the district.
REVISITING THE NUCLEAR DEBATE IN SOUTH ASIAN SECURITY

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Grand strategy and nuclear deterrence have been the most distinct strategies of the last century. The principal objective of a grand strategy for a major state is to achieve some grand strategic objectives, and for other states, it is to preserve their security in an anarchic world. However, contrary to the central assumption of the nuclear deterrence theory, evidence shows that in certain situations, mere possession of nuclear weapons does not automatically translate into deterrence. The central argument of this article is based on the idea that deterrence strategy is neither a static concept nor should be taken as such. Nuclear deterrence. It is a dynamic concept in nature and its utilization depends on the ingenuity of the Nuclear Weapon State (NWS). While citing a history of incidents, especially the Pulwama crisis in 2019 between India and Pakistan, this article explores how nuclear deterrence worked when the fear of a nuclear war was hanging in the region and how these states were able to use the nuclear deterrence strategy to their benefit. It also discusses whether there was a need for either side to operationalize nuclear deterrence through some physical and tangible steps.
Polycythaemia following treatment of lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A 61-year-old man presented to the department of clinical haematology in February 2016 with symptomatic anaemia, generalised lymphadenopathy and hepatomegaly. Routine investigations showed severe anaemia with the presence of lymphoplasmacytoid cells in the peripheral smear, and bone marrow examination with IHC and serum protein electrophoresis confirmed diagnosis of lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma. The patient received supportive transfusion therapy and combination chemotherapy. After VI cycles, the patient had a complete haematological response with marrow in remission. Maintenance rituximab was planned every 3 months for 2 years. At the time of first dose of maintenance rituximab, his haemoglobin (Hb) was 189 g/L with low normal erythropoietin level. During the last 3 years follow-up, his Hb ranged between 16.5 and 20.1 g/dL. All causes of secondary polycythaemia were ruled out. Workup for polycythAemia vera (PV), including JAK-2 and bone marrow, was not suggestive of PV. We labelled it as a case of polycythaemia due to undetermined aetiology.
The identification of novel virulence-associated determinants in Mycoplasma gallisepticum through in vivo screening of transposon mutants

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Mycoplasma gallisepticum is one of several infectious agents contributing to chronic respiratory disease (CRD) in chickens and infectious sinusitis in turkeys. It is highly contagious in industry flocks spreading via airborne dust, droplets or feathers. Infection causes lowered food consumption by the host, leading to loss of weight and lowered egg production, which causes significant economic losses to the industry. Due to its large economic impact in the poultry industry, numerous vaccines to control M. gallisepticum infection in chicken flocks have been produced, however they have had only limited success. The ineffectiveness of these vaccines has been attributed to a general lack of understanding of the molecular basis of pathogenesis. Currently the only consistent method for molecular manipulation in M gallisepticum is transposon mutagenesis. Transformation with a plasmid carrying the transposon Tn4001 mod leads to its random insertion into the M. gallisepticum genome. ^ Signature sequence mutagenesis (SSM) is a global screening technique that allows for the identification of attenuated virulence mutants. Chickens are challenged with a pool of Tn4001 mod mutants and later these transposon mutants are recovered from various tissues and screened for the presence or absence of various mutants in the output populations. This is a negative selection screening technique whereby those mutants possessing transposon insertions in genes essential for virulence will not be recovered from the host animal. Mutants that are not recovered from the chicken are used in a single infection study to confirm their virulence deficiency. The technique allows comprehensive screening of the M. gallisepticum genome for the identification of novel virulence-associated determinants. Using this technique, we have identified a virulence-associated gene encoding dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (lpd). A transposon insertion into the middle of the gene resulted in diminished metabolic function and reduced virulence of the mutant designated as Mg 7. There is also early work on a second mutant, P2H12, to indicate that an insertion into a six-gene operon is responsible for its attenuated virulence phenotype. These attenuated virulence mutants may have potential as efficacious vaccines.^
P1‐073: Albumin capacity to bind Aβ: In vitro fluid phase assay

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

About 90% of plasma beta-amyloid (Aß) may be bound to albumin (1). We showed (2) that therapeutic albumin binds synthetic Aß peptides. In an ongoing clinical trial (3), Alzheimer disease patients’ endogenous albumin is partially replaced with Albumin Grifols® through a plasma exchange procedure in order to alter the potential equilibrium between Aß in plasma and Aß in the cerebrospinal fluid. We aim to investigate whether Grifols’ therapeutic albumin binds s in a fluid phase in vitro experiment. A fixed amount of sAß peptide (80 pg/ml) was added to increasing protein concentrations (0 to 45 mg/ml) of different samples: Grifols’ therapeutic albumin, plasma and a sample mainly containing albumin and gammaglobulins. These mixtures were incubated overnight at 37°C before analysing the accessible Aß content by a commercial ELISA (hAmyloid ß40/ß42 ELISA (HS) (The Genetics Co.), previously validated in our laboratory. The percentage of Aß recovery was calculated as the Aß measured (pg/ml) in each sample with regard to the Aß measured in TTBS buffer. Fluid phase experiments (n = 4) showed a recovery between 59-78% of measurable sAß 1-42 after incubation with therapeutic albumin (45 mg/ml). However, sAß1-40 does not appear to interact with albumin in this experimental setting (recoveries =96%, n = 2). The analysis of plasma samples (n = 3), at the same protein concentration, showed a lower recovery of the added sAß1-42 (30-48%), as expected since other proteins in plasma are also able to interact with Aß (4). When testing another sample (n = 2), mainly containing albumin and gammaglobulins, a recovery between 42.5-53% at 45 mg/ml protein concentration was obtained, confirming ‘in vitro’ the fact that gammaglobulins present in plasma samples are able to interact with sAß 1-42. A fluid phase ‘in vitro’ experiment to measure the capacity to bind Aß has been set up. These results confirm that Grifols’ therapeutic albumin is able to bind ‘in vitro’ an Aß peptide with the human sequence. (1): Biere AL et al J Biol Chem, 271: 32916, 1996.(2): Costa M et al Alzheimer's & Dementia, 5 (Suppl 4): P417, 2009.(3): Boada M et al Drugs News Perspect, 22: 325-339, 2009.(4): Bohrmann B et al. J Biol Chem, 274:15990-15995, 1999.
Investigation of the association of the RAN (rs14035) and XPO5 (rs11077) polymorphisms with venous thromboembolism

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Introduction Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is the third most common hemostatic disease worldwide. Studies have reported a role for microRNA (miRNA) in the homeostasis and development of VTE. The ras-related nuclear protein ( RAN ) and exportin 5 ( XPO5 ) genes are involved in miRNA biogenesis, as both regulate the transport of pre-miRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. Therefore, the aim of the current study is to examine the association between RAN (rs14035) and XPO5 (rs11077) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and VTE. Methods The study sample consisted of 300 subjects (150 patients and 150 age and sex matched controls). The polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and tetra‐primer amplification refractory mutation system (T-ARMS) techniques were used to genotype rs14035 and rs11077, respectively. Results The results showed that there was a significant association between the XPO5 rs11077 and the risk of VTE (P < 0.05). Subjects with AC (OR: 2.08, CI:1.26–3.44) and CC (OR: 1.77, CI: 0.88–3.55) genotypes were at increased risk of the developing VTE. Regarding RAN gene, no association was found between rs14035 and VTE (P > 0.05). In addition, no associations were found between XPO5 rs11077 and RAN rs14035 genotypes with blood cell parameters (P > 0.05). As for the demographic characteristics, the results indicated a strong association between family history and body mass index (BMI) with the risk of VTE (P < 0.01). Conclusion The XPO5 rs11077, BMI and family history might contribute to the development of VTE in Jordan.
Quality Assessment of Hydrogeomorphological Features Derived from Digital Terrain Models

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Digital terrain models (DTM) provide a model for representing the continuous earth elevation surface that can contain errors introduced by the main phases of generation and modelling. Uncertainty of the model is rarely considered by users. Assessment of uncertainty require information on the nature, amount and spatial structure of the errors. DTMs of di®erent original resolution were compared in order\nto assess the quality of derived hydrological and morphological features. SRTM dataset with resolution of 100m, DEM dataset mosaic from various sources with a resolution of 60m and ASTER derived dataset with a resolution of 30m were used. The error propagation was modelled with a stochastic approach. The probabilistic distribution of extracted hydrological features was drawn considering the spatial structure of errors in the datasets. The features considered were stream network and watershed divides net. The distribution of the Strahler order of the features was studied. An analysis of the overall probability of features extracted from variously prepared datasets was carried in order to get information on where is the most probable stream network or watershed divides net.
Neopetrocyclamines A and B, Polycyclic Diamine Alkaloids from the Sponge Neopetrosia cf exigua

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ABSTRACT: Two new polycyclic alkaloids, neopetrocycl-amines A and B (1 and 2), along with the known metabolites papuamine (3) and haliclonadiamine (4), were isolated from the Indonesian sponge Neopetrosia cf exigua. Neopetrocycl-amine A contains a formamidinium moiety, a rare functional group. While these compounds share the same basic biosynthetic building blocks, the size of the ring system differs in 1 and 2 because of the formamidinium moiety. Biological evaluations of 1−4 revealed that papuamine is cytotoxic against glioblastoma SF-295 cells (GI50 = 0.8 μM). Polycyclic diamine alkaloids are characteristic of marinesponges in the order Haplosclerida. To date, over 120 such alkaloids have been reported, most isolated from four families of Haplosclerida (Callyspongiidae, Chalinidae, Niphatidae, and Petrosiidae).1 This class of alkaloids is proposed to be derived from ammonia, propenal, and long-chain dialdehydes as the universal building blocks.2 Due to the structural complexity and biological activity of polycyclic diamine alkaloids, these compounds have attracted a great deal of interest from natural product chemists.1 Extensive studies on an extract derived from the Indonesian sponge Neopetrosia cf exigua (Kirkpatrick, 1900) (order Haplosclerida, family Petrosiidae) have led to the isolation of two new alkaloids, neopetrocyclamines A and B (1 and 2), along with two known alkaloids, papuamine (3) and haliclonadiamine (4).3,4 Herein, we report the structure elucidation of 1 and 2. Neopetrocyclamine A (1) was isolated as an optically active yellow oil. The HR-ESITOFMS data for 1 provided a molecular ion of m/z 381.3269 [M]+. This datum defined a molecular formula of C26H41N2 +, which suggested 1 contained 7.5 double-bond equivalents and a positive charge. Seven sp2 carbons (δC‑14 132.4; δC‑15 128.8; δC‑17 129.6; δC‑18 134.0; δC‑24 133.5; δC‑25 124.3; δC‑28 155.0) were observed in the
Comparative Study with EMG, Pressure Algometry and Manual Palpation in Tension-Type Headache and Migraine

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

According to International Headache Society classification criteria, the presence of pericranial muscle disorder in tension-type headache should be evaluated using one of the following methods: EMG, pressure algometry or manual palpation. The purpose of this study was to compare the results of these three methods in 15 patients with episodic tension-type headache, 29 with chronic tension-type headache and 22 presenting migraine without aura compared to those obtained in healthy individuals. Algometric and EMG recordings at the frontalis muscle during mental arithmetic were more impaired in episodic and chronic tension headache patients than in controls and migraine patients. Chronic tension headache patients were significantly impaired at the trapezius muscle in all three tests compared to controls. Our data indicate that when two or three tests were carried out the diagnostic capacity was significantly improved in comparison to only one test. Moreover, since a different pattern could be seen with pain and without pain, the existence of headache at the time of testing should be taken into consideration.
[Characteristics of the effect of Ca/Mg-dependent endonuclease from cell nuclei of human lymphocytes on J kappa-cluster of immunoglobulin genes].

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The cleavage of the murine J kappa-segments by purified Ca/Mg-dependent endonuclease was studied. The enzyme was shown to cleave specifically the J kappa-segments introducing the double strand breaks in 5'-regions of the J kappa-genes. The number of thus generated discreet fragments does not change during incubation. Specificity of the enzyme is not changed by substitution of Ca/Mg for Mn. The enzyme activity is inhibited by 0.1 M NaCl as well as its specificity. Comparison of the enzyme with the known nuclease activities that cleave specifically the J kappa-segments demonstrated that the activities of the latter are determined by Ca/Mg-dependent endonuclease. The results suggest the possible participation of Ca/Mg-dependent endonuclease in Ig-genes recombination.
Research on Decision Making System of Rural Entrepreneurship Based on Social Data Analysis

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

With the development of the Internet network, the decision makers in different places can solve the problem effectively and reasonably at the same time. Based on social data analysis, the decision making system of rural entrepreneurial economy is designed. The whole system is designed with reference to the Microsoft.NET framework. The modules, such as the project decision-making, interactive decision making, data access, query results, system management, and other functional modules, are achieved by using the technology of the Internet technology, communication technology, database technology and so on, and the functions of each module are analyzed and designed in detail.
Modeling Aspects of Multimodal Lithuanian Human - Machine Interface.

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The paper deals with modeling of multimodal human - machine interface. Multimodal access to the information retrieval system (computer) is possible by combining three different approaches: 1) Data input / retrieval by voice; 2) Traditional data input / retrieval systems; 3) Confirmation / rejection by recognizing and displaying human face expressions and emotions. A prototype of multimodal access for web application is presented by combining three modalities. Lithuanian language speech recognition experiment results on transcriptions and outcomes of discriminant analysis are presented.
Stimulus games

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Computer games have already proved useful beyond their function as entertainment. Among others, they serve as a great resource for research by providing realistic, familiar, and yet relatively complex and diverse stimuli for experiments. However, the same features that make them potentially useful also make them particularly challenging to use in controlled experiments. Many of these challenges can be overcome by taking into account the special nature of computer games when designing the test setup, procedure and data analysis. Nevertheless, the use of games calls for weighing several factors, such as making complex decisions regarding benefits and tradeoffs of practical decisions, and anticipating the effects of potential confounding factors. This added complexity to the experimental settings call for particular care whenever games are used as stimulus. High attention to detail is also recommended when analyzing, communicating and interpreting study results.
Review of Szpyra (1989): The Phonology-Morphology Interface: Cycles, levels and words

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

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