jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Leakage of Intracellular Substances from Alfalfa Roots at Various Subfreezing Temperatures

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.) freezing tolerance is often determined by measuring leakage of electrolytes from root tissue subjected to only one subfreezing temperature, ‐8 °C. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of a wide range of subfreezing temperatures on the leakage of intracellular substances from very cold‐hardy (Heinrichs and Vernal) and less cold‐hardy (5432 and Nitro) alfalfa cultivars. Roots of all cultivars were harvested in late antumn of the seeding year and subjected to seven subfreezing temperatures, from ‐4 to ‐16 °C. Injury was determined by measuring the leakage of electrolytes, substances absorbing light at 265 nm (A 265 ), and malate dehydrogenase (MDH) activity from roots after thawing. All measurements of leakage of intracellular substances increased with decreasing subfreezing temperatures, except that those of the less coldhardy caltivars tended to plateau from ‐6 to ‐10 °C. All three leakage measurements followed a similar general trend across subfreezing temperatures, indicating that leakage of electrolytes and A~5 generally reflected substantial membrane damage (leakage of MDH). However, the leakage of electrolytes from roots of very coldhardy cultivars was much more apparent than the leakage of MDH activity at relatively warmer (e.g., ‐4 to ‐6 °C) subfreezing temperatures. This was not true for cultivars with low freezing tolerance, indicating that they suffered substantial membrane damage at all subfreezing temperatures used in this study. The ‐8 °C freezing treatment did not maximize differences among the cuitivars used. Differences in cultivars with high and lower levels of cold‐hardiness were most apparent at temperatures above ‐8 °C and below ‐8 °C, respectively.
Outcomes of early and interval laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis at a teaching hospital in Kerala: A prospective observational comparative study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Timing of laparoscopic cholecystectomy, a widely used treatment modality for acute cholecystitis remains controversial. This prospective observational comparative study investigated patient outcomes for early (ELC) and interval laparoscopic cholecystectomy (ILC) in patients with acute cholecystitis admitted to the General Surgery Department at a tertiary care centre in Thrissur, Kerala, between December 2018 and June 2020. Of 67 patients, 34 were assigned to ELC and 33 to ILC groups and followed up for 2 weeks post-surgery. Patient characteristics, clinical features, investigations, intra operative details and post operative outcomes were tabulated. Comparison of age was statistically analyzed using student’s ‘t’ test, demographics and morbidity data using Fisher’s exact test/ Chi-square test and length of hospital stay using Mann Whitney U test. Mean age was significantly higher in the ILC group. 66% of study participants were females with a higher proportion of females observed in the ILC group. Post-surgical complications were not significantly higher in ELC group compared to ILC group. Total length of hospital stay was significantly longer in the ILC group than in ELC group (10.2 ±4.5 vs. 7.1 ±3.0) days, p value: 0.001). Duration of hospital stay for the laparoscopic cholecystectomy procedure taken separately, was longer in ELC group comparatively, 7 ±3.01 versus 4 ±-2.38, (p value: <0.001). There was no mortality. It was observed in the present study that ELC is preferable to ILC for acute cholecystitis with added benefit of shorter hospital stay. Further large randomized trials would be valuable to make recommendations for future management. Keywords: acute cholecystitis; laparoscopic cholecystectomy; hospital stay; conversion rate
Nutrient Return in Fallitter of Hevea brasisiliensis at Different Age

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The account of fallitter and its content of mineral elements(N,P,K,Ca and Mg) of rubber trees(Hevea brasisiliensis) of clone PR107 at different ages from 4yr to 28yr,were determined,and the characters of falliter decomposing in different season and the effect of aging on decomposition and nutrient return of falliter were also analyzed.The main results showed that:(1)the average nutrient content,biomass and nutrient return of fall leaf were 0.841%,2357.7(4 a)～7392.3(24 a)kg/hm2,and 147.4～498.6 kg/hm2,which were 1.69,1.5～8.2,and 6.8～37 times than that of in fallbranch,respectively.During its 30 years productive period of rubber tree,the total biomass of fall leaf was almost 143 t/hm2,contributing onto mineral elements 6.01 t/hm2,and the fallbranch was 75 t/hm2,contributing onto mineral elements 1.94 /hm2.Thereinto,the total N,P,K,Ca and Mg return from fallitter were 3.17,0.14,1.13,3.04 and 0.48 t/hm2,respectively.(2)With increaseing of rubber trees' age,the biomass return of fallitter was increased accordingly.While the return for the 4-year-old tree,it was only 151.4 kg/hm2.a,that for the 24-year-old reached the highest,biggest biomass return with 431.40 kg/hm2.a at 24-year-old,.The order of mineral elements return was: NCaKMgP.(3)The return ratio of rubber tree was only 1.32%,at 4-year-stage,and became higher gradually along with age increaseing.It had the highest of 36.55% at 24-year-old stage.In general,its order was: MgCaNKP.
Transvaginal cervical length and tobacco use in Appalachian women: association with increased risk for spontaneous preterm birth.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Currently ACOG recommends that a mid-term screening strategy may be considered to identify short cervix in low risk populations in an effort to prevent preterm birth. Vaginal progesterone is recommended for women with a cervical length ≤20 mm. Cerclage is recommended for women with prior spontaneous preterm birth who are already receiving progesterone supplementition and CL is <25 mm. This study examined risk factors for spontaneous preterm birth (SPB) <35 weeks among a general obstetrical population prior to these ACOG recommendations. However, cervical cerclage was a possible intervention. Study population included 1,074 patients from 1 Jan 2007-30 Jun 2008 receiving mid-trimester transvaginal ultrasounds during prenatal care at a tertiary medical center clinic. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve cutoff optimal value was ≤34 mm, (n=224), corresponding to 8.9% SPB with shortened cervices compared to 1.4% in patients with normal cervices (>34 mm; n=850; p<0.001 (Area Under the Curve (AUC) 76.6, p<0.001). Cervical lengths <30 mm had 12 times the risk of SPB (p<0.001) while 30-34 mm had 5 times (p=0.005). Tobacco use (≥10 cigarettes per day), p=0.030, and low BMI, p=0.034, had additive effect. Shortened cervical length during routine screening independently predicted SPB while heavy smoking with shortened cervix during pregnancy doubled risk compared to shortened cervix alone.
Effect of estradiol on the mouse female reproductive system in organ culture.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The direct estrogen-sensitivity of the mouse female reproductive tract with particular stress on alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity was studied. Ovaries oviducts uterus and vagina of 7-day-old female mice were cultured in medium containing .2 or 2 mcg estradiol-17 Beta/ml of medium. For AP demonstration explants were embedded in paraffin and sections were examined by the Gomori method with sodium-Beta-glycerophosphate. Cobalt sulphide produced proportional to the active AP was measured cytophotometrically. Direct and stimulating effects of estradiol on the growth of ovarian follicles and vaginal epithelium and on their AP activity were noted. Only .2 mcg estradiol appeared optimal for the uterine cultures and for AP activity in the endometrium. .2 and 2 mcg estradiol had a stimulating effect on the epithelium and muscles of the oviduct. However in the course of culture some degenerative processes and reduction of AP in the tubal tissues dependent on estradiol dose were observed.
Writing skills and feeling of confidence of higher education students with dyslexia

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

To have a clearer idea of the writing problems students with dyslexia may face during their studies, we compared writings of 100 students with dyslexia and 100 age matched control students in higher education. We also looked into differences in gender and educational level within groups and tried to find subtypes of dyslexia (isolated reading and spelling problems). We ran correlation analysis to identify the relationship between spelling and underlying cognitive mechanisms such as phonological awareness, rapid naming and memory spans. Next, we studied the number and type of spelling errors, the quality of the texts produced, the use of words, and the handwriting, both in a précis writing task (writing a summary of an informative text) and in a dictation task (sentence writing). Our results showed medium to large effect sizes for spelling errors, and medium effect sizes for punctuation and capitalization errors. Furthermore, blind experts judged the quality of the writing lower for students with dyslexia than for the controls, even though the number and types of words used by both groups were very much the same. There was no significant difference in the quality of the handwriting. Finally, using Signal Detection Theory analysis, we observed that students with dyslexia only showed lower sensitivity and were no different from their peers as for response bias (metacognitive experience).
The Early Clinical Diagnosis of Osteoarthritis of the Hip

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Osteoarthritis of the hip is a common condition physical therapists see in the clinic. The fundamental radiological and pathological characteristic of osteoarthritis of the hip is joint space loss. Consequently, the best radiological criterion used to detect osteoarthritis of the hip is by measuring joint space width. Because most physical therapists do not have immediate access to radiographs and do not have the ability to order radiographs, they must either rely on a physician to order a hip radiograph or rely on a clinical method to diagnose osteoarthritis of the hip. Radiographs, though usually helpful in the diagnosis of severe hip osteoarthritis, are not always beneficial in the diagnosis of mild or moderate hip osteoarthritis. In patients with severe hip osteoarthritis, radiographs usually show joint space narrowing, subchondral sclerosis, or osteophytes. However, patients with early osteoarthritis often do not show these kind of radiographic changes. Thus, relying only on radiographs to determine osteoarthritis of the hip, especially in patients with early or mild hip osteoarthritis, can result in false-negative diagnosis. Using the clinical presentation (signs and symptoms) along with imaging findings will likely improve the diagnosis of osteoarthritis of the hip. The ability to clinically determine osteoarthritis of the hip without a radiograph, especially in early cases, would be valuable to many clinicians, not just physical therapists. Finding a clinical method to detect osteoarthritis of the hip would give physical therapists an opportunity for early intervention. Early intervention may improve the chance of clinical success. A number of studies have suggested using a clinical method to diagnose hip osteoarthritis. Studies by Altman et al, Birrell et al, and Bierma-Zienstra et al have recommended using clinical variables, such as pain location or duration, hip range of motion, age, or aggravating movement. Among the different clinical criteria, diminished hip range of motion is the most common component used to indicate the presence of hip joint osteoarthritis. Using hip motion to diagnose hip problems is not new. Many studies have shown the relationship between different hip conditions and diminished hip motion. For example, osteoarthritis of the hip has been linked to patients with femoral neck retroversion, where hip external rotation is increased while hip internal rotation is limited. In osteoarthritis of the hip, the first 2 motions that are diminished are usually hip internal rotation and hip flexion. The purpose of this paper is to describe how we made a clinical diagnosis of osteoarthritis of the hip in a patient with diminished hip range of motion and hip pain. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2004;34(8):461–467. doi:10.2519/jospt.2004.1313 The original article was corrected in September 2007, and the amended article PDF is provided here. Please see Correction: Altman's criteria for osteoarthritis of the hip and knee. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2007; 37(9):573.
CRIMINAL PROVISION OF CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS: LEVELS, DIRECTIONS AND FORMS OF IMPLEMENTATION

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The scientific article describes the concept and essence of forensic support of criminal proceedings, defines the levels, directions and forms of its implementation. It is substantiated that forensic support is realized during the investigation and prevention of criminal offenses, as well as the judicial review of criminal proceedings (cases) using forensic means, methods, techniques according to certain levels, directions and forms. The levels of forensic support of criminal proceedings are distinguished, namely: local; regional; state; international. Considering the established system of forensics, according to which the development of theoretical foundations and practical recommendations of forensic support is based on the provisions of the general theory of forensic science, forensic techniques, tactics and methods, three main areas of forensic crime are defined: forensic. In this case, the general theory of forensic science is of methodological importance for the formation of their scientific foundations. According to the mentioned directions, the main forms of forensic support of criminal proceedings are distinguished: – in the direction of technical and forensic support: the use of technical means and methods of detecting, fixing, collecting, investigating the traces of crime, other forensically relevant information, including through the use of special knowledge, involving specialists in investigative (investigative) actions; fixing the course and results of investigative (investigative), court actions; maintaining criminal registration and forensic records systems; involvement of experts and carrying out of expertise; – in the direction of tactical and criminalistic support: improvement of existing and development of new tactical techniques and their complexes; formation of tactics of investigative (search) actions; – in the direction of methodological and forensic support: development of new methods of investigation of criminal offenses (according to the criminal law and forensic classification); formulating recommendations to increase the effectiveness of the method of investigation of certain types (groups) of criminal offenses. These levels, directions and forms of forensic support should be considered in the scientific and practical aspect, which consists in creating the scientific basis of the tools, methods and techniques used the formation of practical recommendations for their application. The unity of theory and practice ensures effective achievement of the set goals in the system of forensic support of criminal proceedings.
Lessons on social justice: a pedagogical reflection on the educational message of The Boxtrolls

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The author engages critical media education and norm-critical pedagogy to map out possible methods of critical engagement of students during interpretation of the pedagogical facets of The Boxtrolls (film - 2014). The paper discusses rich analytical material that may be explored by employing The Boxtrolls story. The paper considers the application of social theories in an exploration of the film. Freirean critical consciousness may help to expose conflict, power distribution, social stigma and social divisions. Social structures of oppression, politics of exclusion, masses ruled by fear, prejudice, misunderstanding and violence are explored using the theoretical frameworks of M. Foucault, B. Bourdieu, Z. Bauman and R. Braidotti. The moral values depicted in the film are set against excessive consumption, class divisions, selfishness and deficient parental skills; these are analysed as educational tools for all scholastic levels. Evil is punished and values of friendship, trust, cohesion and cooperation (key ingredients of social capital) are victorious. There is also the opportunity for redemption and social rehabilitation, revealing the complexity of humans and their intersectional positioning. Whilst the human condition and the story are universal, the means of conveying the message reflect technological and societal change.
The Embodied Meaning of “Disease” in Analects of Confucius and Interpretation of Body-Life Management

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The tension between “body” and “life” has always been the core theme of Chinese philosophy. However, a close reading of Analects of Confucius from the perspective of “disease” reveals a harmony between body and life. Confucius traced the religious attribution of disease from ancient times and advocated the goodness of body and life in the pursuit of a good life, which indicates a non- constructive body view with the presence of the body, and reflects his realistic view on life. In addition, Confucius argued the pursuit of life despite disease should be realized through individual cultivation in ethical life, which suggests the integration of body and life can be achieved through spiritual transcendence over the restrictions of physical disease. Therefore, self-body-life management is of great significance, which reflects the philosophical connection between the ancient theory of self-cultivation and disease. In terms of “social governance” of diseases, though Confucius did not illustrate how “self-cultivation to pacify the common people” could be presented as a kind of social medical construction, he highlighted the sociality of diseases in the humanistic sense, and advocated the special settlement of “peace in disease” in human relations, which can be regarded as the embodiment of ancient ethical social governance of diseases, and is of significance to the construction of medical system today.
Role of Self-Loop in Cell-Cycle Network of Budding Yeast

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Study of network dynamics is very active area in biological and social sciences. However, the relationship between the network structure and the attractors of the dynamics has not been fully understood yet. In this study, we numerically investigated the role of degenerate self-loops on the attractors and its basin size using the budding yeast cell-cycle network model. In the network, all self-loops negatively suppress the node (self-inhibition loops) and the attractors are only fixed points, i.e. point attractors. It is found that there is a simple division rule of the state space by removing the self-loops when the attractors consist only of point attractors. The point attractor with largest basin size is robust against the change of the self-inhibition loop. Furthermore, some limit cycles of period 2 appear as new attractor when a self-activation loop is added to the original network. It is also shown that even in that case, the point attractor with largest basin size is robust.
Controllability and stabilizability of sensitivity combined systems for distributed parameter systems

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The paper investigates controllability and stabilizability of sensitivity combined systems for distributed parameter systems of parabolic type. The sensitivity combined system consists of a model equation and its parameter sensitivity equation. The existence of a sensitivity function which is a unique solution of the sensitivity equation is shown. Conditions of controllability for the sensitivity combined systems are sought. Also investigated is the exponential stabilizability of the sensitivity combined systems in the case of constructing controllers (observations).
Highly sensitive WO<inf>3</inf> thin films integrated on microsensor platforms for ppb BTEX detection in a gas mixture with high rate of humidity

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The detection of air quality pollutants as BTEX gases under real conditions can be influenced by the humidity in the air and the presence of interfering gases. The humidity often limits the performances of gas sensors, particularly in terms of sensitivity. Using a sensitive layer of 50 nm of tungsten trioxide on a new micro hotplate transducer designed in our laboratory, very low BTEX concentrations mixed with interfering gases in a humid atmosphere were detected and quantified. These new sensors can detect up to 20 ppb BTEX gas at 80% humidity with a low standard deviation (0.3).
Zero-standby-power Nonvolatile Standard Cell Memory Using FiCC for IoT Processors with Intermittent Operations

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A standard cell memory (SCM) is a memory constructed with standard cells and implemented by logic synthesis and automatic placement and routing, which enables stable operation in the low voltage region compared to an SRAM. In this paper, we show the measurement results of a nonvolatile SCM (NV-SCM) using a Fishbone-in-Cage Capacitor (FiCC), which is suitable for IoT processors with intermittent operations. The NV-SCM was fabricated in a 180 nm standard CMOS process technology. The area overhead from the nonvolatility of bit cells is 74%. We confirmed full functionality of the NV-SCM. In the normal read/write and the data restore operation, the NV-SCM can operate up to 21 MHz. The data retention time was 95 minutes when the write time to the nonvolatile memory was 0.3 seconds and the reading voltage was set to 1.4 V. The simulation results show that the proposed NV-SCM can reduce the energy consumption by 51.19% compared to a conventional volatile SCM when hybernation/normal operation time ratio is 500.
Angiogenesis regulators as a possible key to accelerated growth of secondary tumors following primary tumor resection

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Resection of primary tumors is often followed by accelerated growth of metastases. Here we propose that this effect may be due to the fact that resection of primary tumor results in a decrease in the total systemic amount of angiogenesis stimulators, such as VEGF and bFGF. This in turn causes decrease in the systemic level of angiogenesis inhibitors, such as PF-4 and TSP-1, which at least temporarily relieves inhibition of secondary tumors, allowing them to grow. This construct is predicated on the notion that systemic level of angiogenesis inhibitors is regulated by the systemic level of angiogenesis stimulators, as the host is trying to maintain the homeostatic balance of stimulators to inhibitors in the body. We evaluate this hypothesis using a conceptual mathematical model and show that indeed, this mechanism can explain accelerated growth of secondary tumors following resection of a primary tumor. We also show that there exists a tradeoff between time of surgery and time to onset of metastatic growth. We conclude with a discussion of possible therapeutic approaches that may counteract this effect and reduce metastatic recurrences after surgery.