jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Effects of Bambara groundnut and butternut blend on proximate, mineral, beta-carotene and folic acid contents of sorghum flour

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

<abstract> <p>The refined sorghum flour (SF) used is limited in fiber and micronutrients because of bran removal during milling, and protein digestibility is poor due to kafrin crosslinking. In this research, the effects of Bambara groundnut (BG) (15%, 25%, 35%) and butternut (BU) powder (23%) blending on SF were investigated, using 100% SF as a control. The proximate, mineral, beta-carotene and folic acid compositions of the flour mix were determined. As the BG levels increased, the protein, fat, fiber, and ash contents increased significantly (p &lt; 0.05), ranging between 8.62–14.19%, 2.36–3.38%, 1.37–3.04% and 0.87–2.19%, respectively. The iron, zinc, calcium and phosphorus contents in mg/100 g were 3.43–5.08, 2.96–3.74, 80.00–106.67 and 150.63–594.53, respectively. The beta-carotene (mg/100 g) and folic acid (μg/100 g) contents were &lt; 0.01–0.63 and 0.75–1.42, respectively. The mineral, beta-carotene and folic acid contents of the flour mix varied significantly (p &lt; 0.05) from the control. The pro-vitamin A beta-carotene content was improved in the blend flours with the addition of BU powder, whereas, in the control sample, it was not detected (&lt;0.01 mg/100 g). With the 35% BG blend, increases of 37% protein, 45% crude fiber, 48% iron, 26% zinc, 133% calcium and 154% folic acid contents from the control were observed. The study showed food-to-food fortification of SF with BG flour and BU powder has the potential to combat malnutrition, and the public health challenges associated with deficiencies in bioactive fibers, proteins and micronutrients (pro-vitamin A carotenoids, folic acid and minerals).</p> </abstract>
Design and Construction of Monomode and Multimode Microwave Filters with Dielectric Resonator

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Several Xand Ku-bandfilters using dielectric resonators in microstrip-line circuit configuration have been designed and measured obtaining good results. A monomodefilter in the TE 01δ centered in 11,6 GHzwith a 150 MHzband has been realized. Then, a theory for multimode design is presented, obtaining a mode-chart that allows theoretical prediction and approximate filter design. A second three-pole Chebyshev filter using TE 01δ and TM 21δ modes was constructed obtaining 240 MHz bandwith. Finally, a third four-pole filter has been designed and measured, obtaining a 500 MHz bandwith centered in 12,25 GHz.
Performativity, measurement and research: A critique of performance-based research funding in New Zealand

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Over the past two decades, tertiary education in New Zealand has undergone some
significant changes. One recent development with far-reaching implications for
educational research is the introduction of a Performance-Based Research Fund (PBRF).
Initiated by a Labour-led government but foreshadowed by the White Paper on tertiary
education policy released under the previous National administration, the PBRF system
is ostensibly designed to recognise and reward (through increased funding) those
institutions performing at the highest levels in their research activities. The PBRF was
introduced in 2003 following a careful review of similar schemes in the UK, Hong
Kong and other countries. The results of the first round, released in 2004, attracted
considerable attention in educational communities and the popular media. A second
(partial) round is scheduled for 2006.
H-Area Seepage Basins groundwater monitoring report, third quarter 1992

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

During third quarter 1992, the groundwater at the H-Area Seepage Basins (HASB) was monitored in compliance with South Carolina Hazardous Waste Management Regulations, R61-79.265, Subpart F. One hundred thirty wells provided samples from the three separate hydrostratigraphic units that make up the uppermost aquifer beneath the HASB. A detailed description of the uppermost aquifer is included in the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act Part B Post-Closure Care Permit Application for the H-Area Hazardous Waste Management Facility submitted to the South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control in December 1990. Historically, as well as currently, tritium, nitrate, mercury, and gross alpha have been the primary constituents observed above the US Environmental Protection Agency Primary Drinking Water Standards (PDWS) in groundwater at the HASB. Nonvolatile beta has consistently exceeded its drinking water screening level. Other radionuclides and hazardous constituents also have exceeded the PDWS in the groundwater at the HASB. Isoconcentration maps included in this report indicate both the concentration and extent of the primary contaminants in each of the three hydrostratigraphic units. Water-level maps indicate that the groundwater flow rates and directions at the HASB have remained relatively constant since the basins ceased to be active in 1988.
Reliability Investigations of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs Based on On-State Electroluminescence Characterization

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we investigated ON-state electroluminescence (EL) characteristics in fresh GaN-based HEMTs under different ON-state bias conditions. It demonstrated that: 1) the intensity of the ON-state EL emitted by the GaN-based HEMTs with relatively high V DS (V DS > 10 V) monotonically increased as the gate voltage increased; and 2) the distribution of the intensity of the ON-state EL was uniform along the gate and across the device before stress tests. The degradation process and mechanisms of the devices in the high temperature operation (HTO) stress were also analyzed based on the ON-state EL characterization, the electrical measurement, and failure analysis. It demonstrated the following. First, the ON-state EL distribution of the device after step HTO (S-HTO) stress tests was no longer uniform along one of the fingers, which indicated that the degradation was related to this finger. This hypothesis was confirmed by the SEM observation after the deprocess of the gate metal and the SiN passivation layer. Second, a new degradation mechanism of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs that caused the abrupt degradation in the S-HTO stress was identified and related to the emergent, localized, and jagged crack under the gate metal. Third, there was no abrupt degradation in the long-term HTO (LT-HTO) stress test. However, the ON-state EL intensity of the inner fingers in the device after the LT-HTO stress test decreased more than that of the outer fingers, which meant that the degradation of the inner fingers was faster than that of the outer fingers as a result of the higher temperature caused by self-heating in the inner region of the device. Finally, the gradual degradation in the LT-HTO stress test was ascribed to the gradual formation of structural damage along the drain side of the whole gate edge, which was confirmed by the SEM observation.
Implementation of Constrained 1-Bit Transform Based Motion Estimation Algorithm with An FPGA Based Architecture

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this work a novel FPGA based hardware is proposed to implement the constrained one-bit transform based block motion estimation algorithm to facilitate real time operation. The designed system occupies a small area in a general purpose FPGA fabric and, that is why it is efficient to implement a whole video coding architecture on a single ASIC chip or an FPGA. The designed system can perform the motion estimation task for a 352 × 288 pixel sized image frame at a speed of 50 frames/second. The designed hardware can further be multiplexed to increase the parallelism for a real time operation for higher image frame sizes, e.g. for HDTV applications.
Strategy to stabilise power fluctuation of distributed renewable energy in combined heat and power micro‐grid

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

In order to stabilise the power fluctuation of renewable energy, a coordination control strategy is put forward in the combined heat and power micro‐grid. The micro‐grid contains heat pumps and hybrid energy storage system (HESS). The electricity‐heat conversion model is built by the analysis of operating characteristics of heat pumps. The proposed strategy uses a double‐layer modular structure. The power control layer uses fuzzy control to regulate the filter time constant. Operating states of heat pumps and HESS are taken into consideration. Heat pumps suppress the low‐frequency fluctuation power and HESS stabilises the high‐frequency components. The heat control layer corrects the heat pump output considering end‐users’ heat demands. Simulation proves the proposed strategy links electricity and heat, smooth the fluctuation and enhance the economy in the combined heat and power micro‐grid.
File Profiling for Insider Threats

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract : The goal of this project was to demonstrate that it is possible to detect insider misbehavior by careful examination of the file access characteristics of users. Our thesis was that ordinary user behavior would be characterized by types of file access behavior that were recognizably different than patterns exhibited by an insider attempting to gain improper privileges or making improper use of his existing privileges. As a proof-of-concept, we did not propose to build a deployable system, but instead to examine the idea carefully enough to determine if it was feasible. This research project has successfully demonstrated that a user's file access behavior can be analyzed to determine when he stops behaving properly and starts engaging in suspicious activity. The performance costs of gathering the data are acceptable, demonstrated by the fact that over a period of 2 years, we received no complaints about system slowness. (On previous projects where the experimental system was not sufficiently fast, our local users have never been reluctant to complain about the impact of testing on their work.) The amount of data we gathered was vast, but a real system need not keep all gathered data, and could probably reduce batches of traced records to model data frequently. Further, some of the data we traced has so far given us no advantage in detecting insider threats, so a real system would not need to gather this data. Demonstrating that our methods can be used in an experimental environment and actually making them work in a real environment are two different problems. We have only addressed the first. More research and development would be necessary to deal with the second.
Internet Addiction: An Exploratory Study on Malaysian Internet Users

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Internet has become a part of our daily lives. The vast scale of internet moves the \nwhole society and culture into an entirely new dimension. With the media giving so \nmuch attention to the internet, more and more people are getting involved but some \nseem to be a bit too involved. It is becoming common to know someone, or have heard \nof someone, that has become obsessed with on-line activities to the point that they \nignore important personal responsibilities. However, despite the increasing importance \nof internet, little attention seem to have been paid towards understanding internet \ndependency or addiction. This study was conducted specifically to determine 1) the \nexistence of internet addiction, 2) which demographic factor and personality type \ncorrelates with internet addiction, 3) the characteristics of internet users and as well as \npossible addicts.The study was conducted on active internet users, who get their access to internet \nvia cybercafes in Klang Valley. A total of 136 individuals participated in the study. Data \nwere collected through self-administered questionnaire and were analysed using \nstatistical analyses such as frequency, percentage, correlation and Chi-square, by means \nof SPSS-Win computer software. \nThe findings show that the internet users in cybercafes are young, educated, \nmostly males with low income. These young users also have strong peer influence and \nare willing to forgo their recreational activities and personal responsibilities in order to \nstay on-line. Being youths internet is mainly used for entertainment, research and \ncommunication purposes. Internet is sought after by these users due to the quantity of \ninformation and its excellent networking capabilities. Affordable charges at the \ncybercafes has facilitated these youths to continue their net habits there. Peer company \nand influence, easy access to the internet and appealing facilities are the main reasons of \nthese young users visit cybercafes.In midst of getting exposed and familiarised with internet, some get obsessed. \nInternet addiction was found existing among Malaysian internet users. These addicts are \naware of their extensive usage and intend to reduce. Based on the findings of this study, \nthere is a need for recovery programs and therapy to cure these addicts. And various in \ndepth studies should be carried out to cope with the social implications of this latest \ncommunication technological tool.
Exploring aerodynamics of a rectangular cylinder using flow field and surface pressure synchronized testing technique

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This study uses two wind tunnel testing approaches: a sole high-frequency pressure scanning (HPS) approach, and a synchronized particle image velocimetry (PIV) and multipoint pressure scanning (SPMPS) approach, to investigate aerodynamic characteristics of a rectangular cylinder. HPS and SPMPS share identical experimental settings and device arrangements, while the SPMPS sampling frequency is much lower than HPS because the PIV system has a low sampling frequency in this study. SPMPS can simultaneously capture the flow field and surface pressure information. PIV measurement provides instantaneous flow field information, helping to analyze flow characteristics, and surface pressure taps offer both high- and low-frequency surface pressure information. It was found that for the rectangular cylinder, the zones of high turbulent kinetic energy and turbulent shear stress are associated with the lower negative pressure coefficient. In addition, diverse coherent structures in the instantaneous flow field resemble different critical points such as the saddle point, the repelling focus, and the attracting focus, and these coherent structures are associated with drastic changes in the pressure distribution or extreme pressure values. In particular, there is a visible flow reattachment, and the lift coefficient is more sensitive to the pressure distribution around the trailing edge of the rectangular cylinder. The convective velocity of wall pressure fluctuations is calculated based on the spatial temporal correlation of HPS information, and the convective velocity on the upper surface of the cylinder of SR = 3.25 is around 3.1 m/s providing evidence that Taylor's hypothesis breaks down for wall pressure fluctuations.
Valutazione della funzione cardiaca \nnei pazienti affetti da Atassia di Friedreich: \nstudio con Tissue Doppler Imaging e Speckle Tracking Echocardiography

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background. Friedreich ataxia (FRDA) is an autosomal recessive degenerative disease \ncharacterized by progressive gait and limb ataxia, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, diabetes \nand sensory neuropathy. Large GAA repeat expansions in the first intron of the frataxin \ngene are the most common mutation underlying FRDA. This mutation results in intramitochondrial \niron accumulation and oxidative stress increase. FRDA is associated with \nprogressive cardiac hypertrophy; however, subclinical left ventricular (LV) dysfunction \nmay occur in FRDA patients in spite of normal LV ejection fraction (LVEF) and mass. \nMoreover cardiac sudden death is the most common cause of exitus in these patients. \nMethods. We enrolled 5 FRDA patients (age: 39.8 ± 19.05 years; 2F and 3M) free of \ncardiovascular risk factors and 5 sex- and age-matched healthy subjects (age 32.75 ± 6.22 \nyears); they underwent to clinical evaluation, standard echocardiography with Tissue \nDoppler, 2D and 3D Speckle Tracking. \nResults. No significant differences were identified in terms of anthropometric \ncharacteristics and cardiovascular risk profile between the two groups. All \nechocardiographic standard parameters, including LV dimensions, LV mass, LVEF and \nE/E’ ratio resulted in the normal range, in absence of significant differences between \npatients and healthy subjects. On the other hand, we found a reduction in Global \nLongitudinal Strain (GLS; 10.93 ± 1.72 % vs 15.92 ± 1.17%, p= 0.003), as already \nreported in literature. Moreover we compared values of longitudinal strain of LV basal and \napical segments between the two groups, thus identifying a significant impairment of \napical regions in FRDA patients (10.12 ± 3.48 % vs 18.7 ± 2.57, p =0.02). \nConclusions. Our data seem to suggest that the observed reduction in GLS could be due to \na segmental impairment of systolic function at apical level. This finding could be explained \nby the sympathetic denervation reported in other forms of neurodegenerative disorders, \nsuch Parkinson’s disease and Multiple sclerosis.
Studies on the Biochemical Basis of Spontaneous Mutation

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The deoxyribonucleic acid polymerases induced by two mutator, two antimutator, and one neutral temperature-sensitive strain of T4D have been partially purified and compared to each other and to the wild type polymerase. Measurements of polymerase, polymerase-associated exonuclease, and deoxynucleoside triphosphate turnover indicate that the mutators and antimutators may be readily distinguished from wild type by the ratios of these activities. The enzymes prepared from mutators have a much lower exonuclease to polymerase ratio than wild type, and the antimutators have a higher ratio of exonuclease to polymerase and a higher rate of nucleotide turnover. Similar measurements with the neutral temperature-sensitive mutant indicate a close resemblance to wild type. On the basis of these experiments we propose that the spontaneous mutation rate is related to the relative rates of insertion and removal of nucleotides during synthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid. Mutations in the structural gene of the polymerase which perturb this exonuclease to polymerase ratio are expressed as mutator or antimutator genes.
Effect of Dietary Levels of Calcium and Non-Phytate Phosphorus on Performance of Breeder Chicks

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The effect of dietary concentrations of calcium (Ca) and non-phytate phosphorus (NPP) on day-old chicks (432) was studied by distributing them randomly into 9 treatments, 8 replicates of 6 chicks in each. A basal diet was formulated to contain 2600kcal/kg ME, 20% CP, 1.0% lysine and 0.4% methionine. Subsequently, nine test diets were formulated to contain 3 different concentrations of Ca (0.8, 0.9 and 1.0%) and NPP (0.4, 0.45 and 0.5%) each in factorial manner. The results revealed no effect of dietary interaction between Ca and NPP on any of the parameters studied except serum protein concentrations. However, dressed weight, tibia length, serum Ca and P concentrations and P content in bone ash were significantly influenced (P<0.05) by enhancing the Ca and NPP contents of the diet from 0.8 to 0.9% and 0.4 to 0.45%, respectively. Though feed consumption was reduced by increasing the dietary NPP level from 0.45 to 0.5%, feed conversion ratio was not affected. It was concluded that breeder chicks require 0.9% Ca and 0.45% NPP for realizing optimum performance during 0 to 6 weeks of age.
Eco-friendly Management of Charcoal Rot of Sesame Caused by Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The most damaging soil and seed-borne disease of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.), which appears every year in Haryana and causes significant output losses, is charcoal rot disease, which is caused by Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid. Aim: The current experiment was conducted to learn more about the environmentally friendly management of M. phaseolina using botanicals and bio-agents, under in vitro and in vivo conditions in the Department of Plant Pathology, CCSHAU, Hisar. Methodology: Under in vitro circumstances, the effectiveness of botanicals was assessed using the poison food technique. Seed treatment prior to sowing under screenhouse conditions was used to examine the effectiveness of both the botanicals and bio-agents. Results: The phytoextract of Lantana camara, among the botanicals tested for its effectiveness under in vitro conditions against M. phaseolina, inhibited maximum mycelial growth by 89.43% at a 20% concentration, followed by extract of Parthenium hysterophorus and garlic (Allium sativum), which inhibited up to 87.21 and 57.21%, respectively, at the same concentration. But ginger (Zingiber officinale), which only inhibited mycelial development by 26.94% at a 20% concentration, was shown to be the least effective. The most effective combination of phytoextracts and bio-agents for controlling the disease up to 36.43 percent in the HT-1 variety and 40.92 percent in the HT-2 variety was P. hysterophorus + T. harzianum, which controlled the disease up to 34.28 and 38.53 per cent, respectively, among the combinations of phytoextracts and bioagents tested under screen house conditions.
Metadynamics Study of Lipid-Mediated Antibacterial Toxin Binding to the EmrE Multiefflux Protein

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

EmrE is a bacterial efflux protein in the small multidrug-resistant (SMR) family present in Escherichia coli. Due to its small size, 110 residues in each dimer subunit, it is an ideal model system to study ligand-protein-membrane interactions. Here in our work, we have calculated the free energy landscape of benzyltrimetylammonium (BTMA) and tetraphenyl phosphonium (TPP) binding to EmrE using the enhanced sampling method-multiple walker metadynamics. We estimate that the free energy of BTMA binding to EmrE is -21.2 ± 3.3 kJ/mol and for TPP is -43.6 ± 3.8 kJ/mol. BTMA passes through two metastable states to reach the binding pocket, while TPP has a more complex binding landscape with four metastable states and one main binding site. Our simulations show that the ligands interact with the membrane lipids at a distance 1 nm away from the binding site which forms a broad local minimum, consistent for both BTMA and TPP. This site can be an alternate entry point for ligands to partition from the membrane into the protein, especially for bulky and/or branched ligands. We also observed the membrane lipid and C-terminal 110HisA form salt-bridge interactions with the helix-1 residue 22LysB. Our free energy estimates and clusters are in close agreement with experimental data and give us an atomistic view of the ligand-protein-lipid interactions. Understanding the binding pathway of these ligands can guide us in future design of ligands that can alter or halt the function of EmrE.
The Figure of Jesus in Matthew's Story: a Literary-Critical Probe

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Sur la base de la critique narrative, l'A. se propose de montrer que la christologie de Matthieu est eminemment une christologie du Fils de Dieu. Il degage ensuite la division en trois parties du recit mattheen: (1) presentation de Jesus au lecteur, 1:1-4:16| (2) ministere de Jesus aupres d'Israel et reponse d'Israel, 4:17-16:20| (3) voyage a Jerusalem, Passion, mort et resurrection de Jesus, 16:21-28:20. Le recit a trois moments forts: le bapteme de Jesus, 3:13-17, la confession de Pierre, 16:13-20, l'envoi en mission, 28:16-20. L'A. discute enfin l'usage que fait Matthieu du titre de Fils de l'Homme.