jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Glibenclamide exacerbates adriamycin-induced cardiotoxicity by activating oxidative stress-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress in rats

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Adriamycin (ADR) is a chemotherapeutic drug used to treat tumors in a clinical setting. However, its use is limited by a side effect of cardiotoxicity. Glibenclamide (Gli), an inhibitor of mitochondrial ATP-dependent potassium (K-ATP) channels, blocks the cardioprotective effects of mitochondrial K-ATP channel openers and induces apoptosis in rodent pancreatic islet β-cell lines. However, little is known about the role of Gli in ADR-induced cardiotoxicity. The present study was designed to investigate the impact of Gli on ADR-induced cardiotoxicity in rats. A total of 60 male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into the following 4 groups: i) Control; ii) Gli; iii) ADR; and iv) Gli+ADR (n=15 in each). The rats in the ADR and Gli+ADR groups were treated with ADR (intraperitoneal, 2.5 mg/kg/week) for 6 weeks. The rats in the Gli and Gli+ADR groups received Gli at a dose of 12 mg/kg/day via gastric lavage for 30 days from the eighth week of the study. Following the completion of Gli treatment, cardiac function was assessed by echocardiography, and the rats were sacrificed. The hearts were subsequently harvested for analysis. The rats in the ADR group demonstrated significantly impaired cardiac function and increased levels of oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and apoptosis in the heart compared with rats in the control and Gli groups (without ADR treatment). These abnormalities were exacerbated by Gli in the Gli+ADR group. Gli treatment decreased cardiac function and significantly increased oxidative stress, ERS and apoptosis levels in myocardial tissues in rats treated with ADR. The findings indicated that Gli triggers oxidative stress-induced ERS, and thus exacerbates ADR-induced cardiotoxicity in rats.
Cobalt Catalyst‐Controlled Selective Dioxygenation of Styrenes Using N‐Hydroxyphthalimide with Molecular Oxygen

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract A cobalt‐catalyzed selective dioxygenation of styrenes with N ‐hydroxyphthalimide (NHPI) was developed using molecular oxygen as the terminal oxidant. Alcohol and ketone products can be selectively formed from identical substrates by catalyst control. The reaction was applicable to a broad range of styrenes and exhibited good functional group tolerance. It provided a method for preparation of 1,2‐diol or α‐hydroxyketone derivatives. magnified image
The supposed demise of bureaucracy: Implications for distance education and open learning — more on the post‐Fordism debate

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article contributes to the current controversy concerning the application of the Fordist framework to distance education and open learning by showing that bureaucratic practice can best be understood from within the Fordist framework. In addition, it draws attention to the distinction between bureaucratic and post‐bureaucratic practices, These issues are of particular significance to distance education institutions for frequently their success has been measured by the size of their student populations, and large student populations increase the prospects of bureaucratic practices being the norm.
Breaking circular economy barriers

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Despite high estimated economic gains the implementation of a circular economy (CE) in most areas is generally slow. The purpose of this paper is therefore to examine the potential causes to this sluggish implementation and to discuss and illustrate how different types of barriers (technological, market, institutional and cultural) can prevent the further implementation of a CE. We conduct a systematic literature review where academic articles and “grey literature” on the barriers to a CE transition are analysed and classified into technological, market/economic, institutional/regulatory, and cultural/social barriers. We approach the research problem in a twofold way. Firstly, we recognize the barriers that currently seem to hinder a CE from developing. Secondly, we map these barriers to better understand how they are interdependent and entangled. Our main conclusion is that even small barriers can stop the emergence of a CE.
Nerve pathology in animal models of neuropathies

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract To understand the pathology of axonal degeneration and demyelination in peripheral neuropathy, histological investigations in different animal models that mimic some aspects of human peripheral neuropathy are needed. Thus, in the following section of this special issue, the main pathological features of experimental autoimmune neuritis, animal models of chemotherapy‐induced peripheral neuropath and of human inherited peripheral neuropathies (IPNs) will be illustrated. When possible, micrographs from animal models and selected human biopsy will be shown side by side.
INTRAVENOUS THROMBOLYSIS WITH RT-PA OF DIFFERENT ETIOLOGIC STROKE: A TER- TIARY HOSPITAL DATABASE STUDY OVER THREE YEARS

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aim: To investigate the differences in thrombolytic response among various stroke subtypes and related influencing factors. Materials and methods: Clinical data of 64 AIS patients who received intravenous thrombolysis were collected. Results: Males, current/former smokers and patients with alcohol consumption history had relatively better prognosis after thrombolysis. Patients in the cardiogenic embolism and Large-artery atherosclerosis subtype groups had poorer prognosis. Logistic Regression Multivariate Analysis on the prognosis of thrombolysis among various stroke subtypes showed better prognosis in CE group than those in the other four subtype groups. The data obtained in the present study only demonstrated no statistically signifi- cant differences in thrombolytic effectiveness among various subtype groups. Conclusion: It was unnecessary to spend too much time on subtype classification of stroke within the time window of emer- gency thrombolytic therapy. Early thrombolysis would grant more benefit for the patients suspected of presenting cardiogenic stroke.
Teaching computer-assisted qualitative data analysis to a large cohort of undergraduate students

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Qualitative research is increasingly being conducted with the support of computer-assisted qualitative data analysis software (CAQDAS), yet limited research has been conducted on integrating the teaching of CAQDAS packages within qualitative methods university courses. Existing research typically focuses on teaching NVivo to small groups of postgraduate (primarily doctoral) students and mostly take the form of reflections of the trainers. In 2011, we implemented the teaching and use of a CAQDAS package, NVivo, within a large third-year undergraduate psychology research methods unit. Sixty-seven students participated in an online survey evaluating the use of NVivo in the unit. In this paper, we present quantitative and qualitative findings related to students' perceptions of the resources provided, their confidence in using NVivo, their satisfaction with the teaching and their intentions to use CAQDAS in the future. Student evaluations were generally positive, but highlighted the need for both increased class time and greater access to the CAQDAS program outside of class time to enhance opportunities for learning.
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Among Long-term Hospitalized Patients with Schizophrenia in a Public Psychiatric Hospital

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a notable chronic liver disease due to metabolic syndrome, which has yet to be explored in long-term hospitalized patients with schizophrenia. In this study, we intended to study the prevalence of NAFLD and related risk factors for patients with schizophrenia who were long-term hospitalized. Methods: All of 182 patients with schizophrenia were recruited from a public psychiatric hospital in Taiwan. Abdomen ultrasonography was carried out for all patients. In addition to age and sex, covariates including medical diagnoses (e.g., hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia, and diabetes), obesity, one-year cumulative dose of antipsychotics before the entry of this study, and abnormal liver function were included in the logistic regression model. Results: The mean age ± standard deviation (SD) was 50.3 ± 9.2 years. The mean duration ± SD of hospitalization was 8.7 ± 5.0 years. Males accounted for 60.4% (110/182). The percentage of NAFLD was 70.8% (129/182). In multivariate logistic regression, patients' odd ratios (OR) (95% confidence interval [CI]) for a diagnosis of hypertriglyceridemia were 4.3 (1.11–16.7, p < 0.05) and for a finding of obesity 15.8 (3.82–65.6, p < 0.01), were significantly to have NAFLD. But patients with chronic hepatitis B were not significant to have NAFLD (OR [95% CI] = 0.17 [0.05–0.6]). Conclusion: The prevalence of NAFLD was high in patients with long-term hospitalized patients with schizophrenia in this study. We suggest that patients with schizophrenia and with long-term hospitalization need to receive timely, comprehensive, and prompt assessments for the presence of NAFLD as well as that intervention for their NAFLD is mandatory for maintaining well-being and quality of life in them.
A Mems Pressure Sensor Based on Double- Ended Tuning Fork Resonator with on-Chip Thermal Compensation

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper reports a MEMS pressure sensor based on quartz crystal double-ended tuning fork (DETF) resonator with on-chip thermal compensation. Although the DETF resonator shows excellent performances, its bias drift over temperature is a main performance limitation. We design a new structure comprising a single-ended tuning fork (SETF) resonator to overcome the limitation. The SETF resonator shows good sensitivity over temperature and senses the instantaneous temperature of the DETF resonator, ensuring a better compensation of thermal drifts for pressure measurement. Experimental results show that the SETF resonator used as a temperature sensor for thermal compensation will effectively remove the effects of temperature drift on the DETF at applied pressure 1000kPa over the temperature range -20°C to +25°C with the rate of 4.5°C/min.
Minimum information needed by prescribers.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The prescriber needs adequate and concise information about each product that he uses, to allow him to obtain optimal effects while minimising harm. Neither the present UK data sheets nor their equivalents in other countries have succeeded in providing such information clearly or completely. This paper develops the proposals on the arrangement of drug information made in the WHO report "The selection of essential drugs." Three sets of minimum information (on tetracycline, propranolol, and aspirin) which illustrate this approach were compared with the manufacturers' data sheets: the latter were incomplete. The information content of our proposals was worked out with a group of clinical pharmacologists, general practitioners, and specialists, and we suggest that this approach should be extended to other drugs.
Statistical Hypothesis Testing using CNN Features for Synthesis of Adversarial Counterexamples to Human and Object Detection Vision Systems

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Validating the correctness of human detection vision systems is crucial for safety applications such as pedestrian collision avoidance in autonomous vehicles. The enormous space of possible inputs to such an intelligent system makes it difficult to design test cases for such systems. In this report, we present our tool MAYA that uses an error model derived from a convolutional neural network (CNN) to explore the space of images similar to a given input image, and then tests the correctness of a given human or object detection system on such perturbed images. We demonstrate the capability of our tool on the pre-trained Histogram-of-Oriented-Gradients (HOG) human detection algorithm implemented in the popular OpenCV toolset and the Caffe object detection system pre-trained on the ImageNet benchmark. Our tool may serve as a testing resource for the designers of intelligent human and object detection systems.
Taxane-containing regimens for metastatic breast cancer

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Taxane-containing regimens appear to improve overall survival, time to progression, and tumour response rate in women with metastatic breast cancer. Taxanes are also associated with an increased risk of neurotoxicity but less nausea and vomiting compared to non-taxane-containing regimens. The considerable heterogeneity encountered across studies probably reflects the varying efficacy of the comparator regimens used in these studies and indicates that taxane-containing regimens are more effective than some, but not all, non-taxane-containing regimens.
Toward a Quantum-Chemical Benchmark Set for Enzymatically Catalyzed Reactions: Important Steps and Insights (vol 123, pg 7057, 2019)

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Table 8 in our original paper lists the reference values for our benchmark set on enzymatically catalyzed reactions. Unfortunately, the table contains two typos that may interfere with future studies that make use of our set. The reverse barrier height for the first reaction step involving “model 0” of the “HKMT”-based reaction was incorrectly published as being 32.72 kcal/mol, whereas it actually is 31.72 kcal/mol. The reaction energy for model 1 of the same reaction was listed as 1.99 kcal/mol, whereas it actually is −1.99 kcal/mol. A thorough check of all numbers revealed that our analysis used the correct values and that the presented statistics and recommendations remain valid. For the reader’s convenience, the reference values for the entire set are listed below in Table 1 with the two corrected values in bold; for an explanation of all acronyms, we refer to the original publication. (Table Presented).
Identificación del ligamento córacoclavicular medial o de Caldani en imágenes de resonancia magnética. Protocolo original y aplicaciones clínicas.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Goals:Although Caldani´s ligament or medial coraco-clavicular ligament (MCCL) has been anatomically studied, we have not found any publication regarding its identification in image studies. The aim of this research it to present an original technique to locate the MCCL on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), as well as to describe the pertinent findings.Materials and Methods Seven volunteer patients without any known shoulder pathology were studied by means of this original protocol. A PHILLIPS INGENIA 1.5 Tesla MRI equipment was used, Magnetic field intensity 1,5.Gantry diameter: 70cm, It featured an 8-Channel coil for shoulder study. The sequences to locate the ligament were performed in three planes. The length and thickness of the MCCL were measured.Results The MCCL was observed in all cases. It presented a similar arrangement as described in previous anatomical description consulted. The origin was at the coracoid process, with an oblique path to reach its insertion at the clavicle. The mean length was 41.14 (range 34-47 mm), Standard Deviation: 4.40. The mean thickness was 2.11 mm (range 1.3-3.2 mm), Standard Deviation: 0.66.ConclusionThe MCCL can be observed in MR images utilizing this original procedure. The ability to display the MCCL ligament in MRI allows for future investigations on its possible role in both thoracic outlet syndrome and traumatic acromioclavicular dislocations, especially the Rockwood type V.
ANTI-TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR MURINE MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY (TNFMAb) BLOCKS EICOSANOID RELEASE, IMPROVES PULMONARY AND SYSTEMIC PRESSURES AND HYPERMETABOLISM IN SEPTIC SHOCK, BUT MAY DECREASE TISSUE PERFUSION AND EXACERBATE FLUID FLUX

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Society of Critical Care Medicine; 27th Educational and Scientific Symposium; San Antonio, Texas, USA; February 4-8, 1998: Poster Hall: Thursday, February 5, 1998 5: 45-7: 15 pm; Friday, February 6, 1998 11: 40 am-1: 00 pm; Saturday, February 7, 1998 11: 40 am-1: 00 pm: Poster Presentations: Sepsis
The Fully-Computerized Studio

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The use of remote camera-control systems for news studios, enabling an operator to reposition the camera and recall preprogrammed positions remotely, is well established. By expanding camera-control systems to include the capability to control other broadcast machines, substantial production cost savings can be made. This article examines the principal features of an integrated machine and camera-control system, starting with some design aspects of servo-controlled pan-and-tilt heads and communication techniques and concluding with examples of systems for use in news studios and legislatures.
The responsiveness of generic quality of life instruments in rheumatic diseases. A systematic review of randomized controlled trials.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

To review the available evidence that has used generic instruments alone or in comparison with disease specific instruments. A systematic review was carried out using the methods recommended by the Cochrane Collaboration. We used MEDLINE and EMBASE searches and we performed a hand search of the abstracts listed under "quality of life" at American College of Rheumatology (ACR) meetings. Selection was limited to randomized controlled trials (RCT) using generic instruments in populations older than 18 years with any of the following diseases: rheumatoid arthritis, fibromyalgia, osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and ankylosing spondylitis. Language was restricted to English papers. Studies using only disease-specific instruments were excluded. From 488 articles retrieved, 13 reports of 10 randomized controlled trials were selected. There were 101 abstracts on quality of life in ACR abstract books; 78 abstracts contained data on generic instruments, and of these, 9 described their use in RCT. Despite a substantial increase in the number of papers and abstracts addressing different aspects of generic questionnaires, the majority of the papers were descriptive. The evidence is not yet available to document that any of the generic instruments pass the requirements of the OMERACT Filter.
High Density Epidermoid

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A 43-year-old woman presented with ataxia and right-sided cranial nerve palsies. Ten years prior to admission, she was operated for a right cerebellopontine (CP) angle epidermoid. Computed tomography (CT) scan, using GE 9800, showed a large high-density mass without enhancement effect in the right CP angle. The density ranged between 60 and 66 Hounsfield units. Surgery revealed a recurrent epidermoid cyst containing a viscid, dark-green fluid without any cholesterol crystal or clots. Chemical analyses of the cyst content disclosed protein and lipid concentrations 25.6 g/dl and 1, 275 mg/dl, respectively. Ion chromatography revealed only a trace of metal ions. Thin layer chromatography of the lipids showed high phospholipids and low triglyceride, indicating that the high density in this case was not caused by an intratumoral hemorrhage but by desquamation of the squamous epithelium with accumulation of sloughed debris. Two cases of high-density epidermoids subjected to protein analysis were found in the literature. From these data including the authors' it was shown that CT density correlated well with the protein concentration.
Crowdfunding and consumer credit protection in the EU

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In the last fifteen years, the crowdfunding has concerned consumers, both in the role of crowd-investors and, in the role of crowd-borrowers (project-owners). However, the Regulation (EU) 1503/2020 ('ECSPR') includes in its scope only consumer investors, while excluding consumer borrowers and leaving their protection to the Consumer Credit Directive 2008/48/UE ('CCD'). Nevertheless, the applicability of the CCD to crowdfunding has been questioned. Consequently, the exclusion operated by the ECSPR raises relevant risks in terms of consumers protection, although the CCD-review process intends to address this shortcoming. The Chapter, in the first part, examines the ECSPR choice to exclude consumer loans and the above-mentioned discussion about the CCD applicability to crowdfunding, underlying the trade-off between consumer protection and the development of this new type of financial service. Finally, the Chapter analyses the adequacy of the solutions proposed in the CCD-Review Proposal, highlighting the possibilities of further regulatory interventions in the field.
Medicago rotata Boiss. IG 57926

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Plant Genetic Resource.
Taxonomy: Medicago rotata Boiss.
Common name(s): Forage
Conserved by: International Centre for Agricultural Research in Dry Areas (ICARDA), Lebanon
Local sample unique identifier: IG 57926
Method of creation: Acquisition
Date: 1990
Other identifiers: n/a,IFMA 5284
Historical: No
Biological status: Wild
MLS status: Included
Current drive by intense microwave pulses

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The advent of high-peak-power pulsed microwave sources opens possibilities for novel current-drive schemes in tokamaks. Four such schemes are considered: accelerating phase-space buckets, overlap of relativistic electron-cyclotron harmonics, beat-wave generation and burnthrough of intense lower-hybrid waves. These schemes are found to offer one or more of the following advantages over their continuous-power counterparts: improved efficiency, improved access to the core plasma, and precise control of the deposition profile. 17 refs.
Vengeance was his: The post-war cinema of Japan’s Shohei Imamura

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Outrageous, insightful and sensuous, the films of Shohei Imamura (1926–2006) are among the greatest glories of post-war Japanese cinema, yet Imamura remains largely unknown outside Japan. It is the explosive, at times anarchic quality of Imamura’s work that makes him appear ‘uncharacteristically Japanese’ when seen in the context of the films of Ozu, Mizoguchi or Kurosawa. Perhaps no other film-maker anywhere has so taken up Godard’s challenge to end the distinction between ‘documentary’ and ‘fiction’ films. Indeed, Imamura has been referred to as the ‘cultural anthropologist’ of the Japanese cinema. Yet, if anything, Imamura’s films argue against an overly clinical approach to understanding Japan, as they often celebrate the irrational and instinctual aspects of Japanese culture. This article is an overview of Imamura’s entire career, with emphasis on Vengeance Is Mine (1979), a complex, absorbing study of a cold-blooded killer and Imamura’s greatest commercial as well as critical success.