jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
O-79 Conducting an advance care planning randomised trial for incurable cancer patients: An australian experience

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aim

To describe progress of a study that will evaluate in a randomised controlled trial the effect of a formal advance care planning intervention (ACP) on: The documentation and compliance with patients EOL wishes. The quality of death, costs of care and mental health outcomes of nominated family or friends will also be assessed.

Method

334 patients, who have incurable cancer with disease progression after 1st line chemotherapy and an expected survival of 3–12 months, as well as their nominated family or friend, will be randomised to receive usual care or usual care plus ACP.

Result

ACP research can be challenging. 95 participant dyads (of 334) have been randomised to the study (data available for 89). Participants had a median age of 63 (M = 63.3, SD = 10), were married (70%) and non-tertiary educated (83%). The majority identified their ethnicity as Australian (72%). Mean oncologist estimated median survival was 7.7 months (SD = 2.9). Current progress on the study and challenges to implementation of the research and recruitment will be presented, as well as data regarding screening, inclusion and exclusion of participants.

Conclusion

Barriers to the implementation of ACP research include: availability of skilled staff, standardisation of ACP interventions, cultural, administrative and technical barriers at hospital sites such as reluctance by clinical staff to introduce ACP research to patients and medical record systems which do not support ACP documentation. Barriers to recruitment include: patient refusal due to time barriers and fear of distress, carer refusal and low referral rate from oncologists.
Road structure classification through artificial neural network for automotive radar systems

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This study proposes an artificial neural network‐based method to classify road structures for automotive radar systems. Generally, road structures generate unwanted echoes called clutter, which degrades the performance of target detection, and may cause critical errors in autonomous driving modes. However, recognition and classification of each individual structure type is very difficult, because there are various types of structures made by different materials which cause ambiguity in the recognition and classification process. To deal with these classification ambiguities, the authors propose an artificial neural network‐based recognition and classification method. Road structures are classified by applying artificial neural network to the frequency domain‐received signals of automotive radar systems. Once the neural network has been trained with the received signals, it is used to determine the type of road structure with instantaneous received signals. The classification performance was evaluated by experimenting with the number of antenna elements and radar snapshots. In addition, to find the most suitable artificial neural network structure, the authors experimented with the number of nodes and layers. After completing a period of deep learning using actual experimental data, the total classification accuracy was about 95%.
The Story of Rising Corruption Post-Village Government Reform - A View of Three Theories: Fraud, Managerial Hegemony, and Culture

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Research aims: This study investigates how corruption increased in the Indonesian village governments following village governance reform by ratifying the New Village Law of 2014. Also, the current research identifies gaps that trigger corruption.Design/Methodology/Approach: Three theories, i.e., fraud hexagon, managerial hegemony, and cultural dimensions, were employed as points of view. Due to investigation purposes, a qualitative approach is considered the most suitable method for this study. Hence, the interview was employed as data collection. The data were then analyzed using a deductive thematic analysis approach.Research findings: The results showcased that aside from personal interests, corruption occurred to crowd campaign financing for the head village election by the incumbent. The corruption types could be the embezzlement of village funds and village-owned enterprise funds and the establishment of ghost (fictitious) villages. The results also identified some factors triggering graft corruption scandals, namely poor governance practices, including accountability, transparency, and valid administration; the excessive authority of actors (village heads) in holding and managing village money; lack of participation mechanism.Practical and Theoretical contribution/Originality: To tackle corruption in the village government, strengthening proper good governance practices must be tightened, not merely as ritual or ceremonial. In addition, discussions of three theoretical perspectives, fraud, managerial hegemony, and culture, are presented in this paper.
PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF CIBERCOMMUNICATING INDIVIDUAL DEPENDENCE

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The article deals with the main approaches to the study of the problem of cybercommunicative personality dependence in domestic and foreign psychology. It is shown that the problem of psychological predisposition has not been studied in the foreign psychology, mainly the various aspects of the study of dependence, which are conducted in the main directions as an individual variable - cognitive, motivational, emotional and behavioral characteristics of the dependent personality and as a set of behavioral features. The problem of dependent personality is represented by several areas: dependence on the Internet, network gambling and other numerous varieties of dependence. Mostly dependence is seen as a consequence of interpersonal transactions within social groups that create the effect of "social dependence"; dependence as a set of behavioral features. In Ukrainian psychological science, in broad sense, addiction is seen as a specific way of thinking, perception and interpretation, of feeling and of the outside world. The main features of online dependencies are: obsessional passion for work at a computer (games, programming or other activities); pathological commitment to online gambling, online auctions or virtual purchases; Dependence on the social use of the Internet (chatting in chat, group games and teleconferencing), etc.
Cross-Domain Dual-Functional OFDM Waveform Design for Accurate Sensing/Positioning

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) has been widely recognized as the representative waveform for 5G wireless networks, which can directly support sensing/positioning with existing infrastructure. To guarantee superior sensing/positioning accuracy while supporting high- speed communication simultaneously, the dual functions tend to be assigned with different resource elements (REs) due to their diverse design requirements. This motivates optimization of resource allocation/waveform design across time, frequency, power and delay-Doppler domains. Therefore, this article proposes two cross-domain waveform optimization strategies for effective convergence of OFDM-based communication and sensing/positioning, following communication- and sensing- centric criteria, respectively. For the communication-centric design, to maximize the achievable data rate, a fraction of REs are optimally allocated for communication according to prior knowledge of the communication channel. The remaining REs are then employed for sensing/positioning, where the<br/>sidelobe level and peak-to-average power ratio are suppressed by optimizing its power-frequency and phase-frequency characteristics for sensing performance improvement. For the sensing-centric design, a ‘locally’ perfect auto-correlation property is ensured for accurate sensing and positioning by adjusting the unit cells of the ambiguity function within its region of interest (RoI). Afterwards, the irrelevant cells beyond RoI, which can readily determine the sensing power allocation, are optimized with the communication power allocation to enhance the achievable data rate. Numerical results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed waveform designs.
History and Design Parameters of Low- and Intermediate-Pressure Oil-Filled Cable in the Western Hemisphere Operating at 60 kV and Above

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Although the first low-pressure oil-filled cable operating at 60 kV and above was installed in the Western Hemisphere in 1927, there are still some utilities which are installing this type cable for the first time. Due to the increasing popularity of high- pressure pipe-type cable, very small amounts of this cable are being installed today.
A New Trick for Percutaneous Tracheostomy in Children

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives:Pediatric tracheostomy has undergone notable changes and percutaneous tracheostomy (PT) has taken place of surgical tracheostomy. The aim of this study is to show a facilitation in a previously described technique.Materials and Methods:A retrospective review of 35 patients who underwent PT was performed. Demographic data of the children and outcomes of the procedures were analyzed.Results:Among total of 35 children, there were 14 girls and 21 boys. Mean age was 54.8 months (2-207) and mean weight was 15.8 kg (3-42). The mean follow up time was 11.4 (1-22 months). There were no complications intraoperatively or in early postoperative period (1 week).Conclusion:Cannula placement through a frozen feeding tube is a new and facilitating method in rigid bronchoscopy guided tracheostomy cannula placement in children.
The Effect of Preoperative Subconjunctival Injection of Mitomycin C and Triamcinolone in Recurrent Pterygium

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

재발성 군날개 환자에서 수술 전 결막하 마이토마이신 및 트리암시놀론 주사의 효과 오지혜⋅김홍균 경북대학교 의과대학 안과학교실 목적: 재발성 군날개 환자에서 수술 전 결막하 마이토마이신 혹은 트리암시놀론 주사가 수술 후 재발률에 미치는
Mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation defects—remaining challenges

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Summary Mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation defects have been recognized since the early 1970s. The discovery rate has been rather constant, with 3–4 ‘new’ disorders identified every decade and with the most recent example, ACAD9 deficiency, reported in 2007. In this presentation we will focus on three of the ‘old’ defects: medium‐chain acyl‐CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD) deficiency, riboflavin responsive multiple acyl‐CoA dehydrogenation (RR‐MAD) deficiency, and short‐chain acyl‐CoA dehydrogenase (SCAD) deficiency. These disorders have been discussed in many publications and at countless conference presentations, and many questions relating to them have been answered. However, continuing clinical and pathophysiological research has raised many further questions, and new ideas and methodologies may be required to answer these. We will discuss these challenges. For MCAD deficiency the key question is why 80% of symptomatic patients are homozygous for the prevalent ACADM gene variation c.985A > G whereas this is found in only ∼50% of newborns with a positive screen. For RR‐MAD deficiency, the challenge is to find the connection between variations in the ETFDH gene and the observed deficiency of a number of different mitochondrial dehydrogenases as well as deficiency of FAD and coenzyme Q 10 . With SCAD deficiency, the challenge is to elucidate whether ACADS gene variations are disease‐associated, especially when combined with other genetic/cellular/environmental factors, which may act synergistically.
New Signaling Pathways for Hormones and Cyclic Adenosine 3′,5′-Monophosphate Action in Endocrine Cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The glycoprotein hormones, ACTH, TSH, FSH, and LH regulate diverse functions in endocrine cells. Although cAMP and PKA have long been shown to mediate specific intracellular signaling events including the transcription of specific genes via the CREB-CBP complex, recent observations have indicated that PKA does not account for all of the intracellular targets of cAMP. For example, TSH stimulation of thyroid cell proliferation is not completely blocked by PKA inhibitors. TSH and FSH can stimulate PKB phosphorylation by a PKAindependent but PI3-K/PDK1-dependent pathway. An FSH inducible kinase, Sgk, has recently been shown to be a close relative of PKB. Sgk is also a target of PI3-K-PDK1 pathway, indicating that some effects previously ascribed to PKB may be mediated by this inducible kinase. The identification of novel cAMP-binding proteins that exhibit guanine nucleotide exchange (GEF) activity (cAMP-GEFS; Epacs) has open new doors for cAMP action that include activation of small GTPases such as Rap1a, Rap2, and possibly Ras. These GTPases are known activators of downstream kinase cascades, including p38MAPK and Erk1/2 as well as PI3-K. Thus, FSH and TSH activation of PKB and Sgk may occur via this alternative cAMP pathway that involves cAMP-GEFs and the activation of the PI3-K/PDK1 pathway.
Other lower urinary tract disorders

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This chapter examines some disorders of the lower urinary tract which are seen less often. Bladder Pain Syndrome (BPS) has a strong relationship with other pain syndromes, such as irritable bowel syndrome, fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue syndrome. The prevalence of chronic bladder pain in the general population due to benign conditions is at least 19 percent. Due to the lack of consensus relating to the definition and classification of BPS, the aetiology remains obscure. Confusable diseases can be mistaken for BPS or BPS may coexist together with other disorders, such as chronic or remitting urinary infections or endometriosis. In motivated patients, behavioural therapy has been noted to be efficacious in treating urinary frequency and urgency without any side effects. Urinary diversion with or without cystectomy may be the ultimate option for refractory patients. Damage to the urinary tract at the time of pelvic surgery is an important consideration for all gynaecological surgeons.
Introduction

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The twentieth century belonged to Thomas Jefferson. One of Washington, D.C.'s most prominent monuments is consecrated to the Sage of Monticello. As for his historic rival, Alexander Hamilton, there is no Palladian temple, only a run-of-the mill statue on the south side of the Treasury Department. If the point were to commemorate their respective contributions to the building of the country, Hamilton, arguably, would have the monument and Jefferson a mere statue. He was as responsible as anyone for the establishment of the American union: the consolidation and funding of the national debt, the tax system, the customs service, and the first Bank of the United States. Jefferson, his ally James Madison, and their followers did all they could to sabotage Hamilton's program of developing these sinews of national strength.
Dental replacement in Mesozoic birds: evidence from newly discovered Brazilian enantiornithines

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Polyphyodonty-multiple tooth generations-in Mesozoic birds has been confirmed since the nineteenth century. Their dental cycle had been assessed through sparse data from tooth roots revealed through broken jawbones and disattached teeth. However, detailed descriptions of their tooth cycling are lacking, and the specifics of their replacement patterns remain largely unknown. Here we present unprecedented µCT data from three enantiornithine specimens from the Upper Cretaceous of southeastern Brazil. The high resolution µCT data show an alternating dental replacement pattern in the premaxillae, consistent with the widespread pattern amongst extinct and extant reptiles. The dentary also reveals dental replacement at different stages. These results strongly suggest that an alternating pattern was typical of enantiornithine birds. µCT data show that new teeth start lingually within the alveoli, resorb roots of functional teeth and migrate labially into their pulp cavities at an early stage, similar to modern crocodilians. Our results imply that the control mechanism for tooth cycling is conserved during the transition between non-avian reptiles and birds. These first 3D reconstructions of enantiornithine dental replacement demonstrate that 3D data are essential to understand the evolution and deep homology of archosaurian tooth cycling.
Investigation of the function and behavior of p97/VCP

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

p97/VCP is a multifunctional ATP-fueled ATPase quintessential for cell survival. As one of the most abundant cytosolic proteins, it is not surprising that p97/VCP regulates numerous pathways to ensure proper cell homeostasis. Here I show that p97/VCP regulates actin dynamics and cell migration via the ROCK pathway. The loss of p97/VCP triggers hyperphosphorylation of ROCK, resulting in extensive polymerization of actin. Persistent F-actin filaments and the absence of essential cell motility-related actin structures in p97/VCP knockdown cells led to compromised cell migration. I found that the loss of p97/VCP increases the level of ROCK-activating kinase, Plk1, through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. The increase in Plk1 thereafter affects the phosphorylation status of ROCK. Taken together, my study defines a hitherto unknown role of p97/VCP in actin regulation and describes a mechanism for the phosphorylation-dependent regulation of ROCK activity that implicates cancer metastasis and wound healing.
[Cluster-like headache cause by cavernous sinus dural arteriovenous fistula, cured by transvenous embolization: a case report].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We report a unique case of cavernous sinus(CS)-dural arteriovenous fistula(dAVF)with cluster headache-like ophthalmalgia without chemosis and exophthalmos, that was successfully treated by transvenous embolization. A 25-year-old man presented with severe right cluster headache-like ophthalmalgia and could not get complete relief of symptoms by medical treatment. MRI showed a hyper-intensity signal in the right cavernous sinus and cerebral angiography revealed Barrow type D cavernous sinus dural arteriovenous fistula, which is thought to be the cause of ophthalmalgia. Percutaneous transvenous embolization of the anterior part of the right CS and superior ophthalmic vein was performed and complete obliteration of dAVF was obtained followed by complete cure of cluster headache-like ophthalmalgia. We can detect neither the recurrence of dAVF on MRI nor any clinical symptom after 23 months of the treatment. This is the first clinical presentation of cluster headache-like ophthalmalgia caused by CS dAVF and it emphasizes the unique and important potential relationship between them.
ROOTSTOCK EFFECTS ON NORTHERN SPY APPLE LEAF COMPOSITION

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Leaf samples collected during the 1988-90 seasons were analyzed to evaluate influence of selected rootstock clones on the composition of Northern Spy apple leaves. Rootstocks included 17 elite selections from the Geneva breeding program plus M.9, M.26, M.7, MM.106 and MM.111 as references. Rootstock selections were grouped according to relative vigor and compared with appropriate references. Significant rootstock effects were more frequent in the two smaller tree-size groups. Each of the 10 elements analyzed exhibited significant rootstock effects in two or more vigor groups. No rootstock selection consistently resulted in higher or lower concentrations of all elements when compared with the reference rootstock of similar vigor.
Characterization and Pathogenicity of Pseudopestalotiopsis vietnamensis Causing Gray Blight of Wuyi Rock Tea (Camellia sinensis) in China and Specific Mechanisms of Disease Infection

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Gray blight disease (GBD) causes significant losses in tea production in China. Although genes and biological processes involved in resistance to fungal disease in tea plants have been identified, specific mechanisms of the GBD infection process remain unknown. In this study, morphological and multi-gene (TEF-TUB-ITS) phylogenetic characteristics were used to identify isolate CLBB1 of Pseudopestalotiopsis vietnamensis. Pathogenicity tests confirmed that isolate CLBB1 from tea leaves caused GBD in the susceptible tea cultivar Wuyi Rock (Camellia sinensis var. sinensis cv. Shuixian). Spores began to germinate 24 h after infection (hai), and after 48 h, elongated fungal hyphae formed from a single conidium. Transcriptome analysis revealed that 482, 517, and 369 genes were differentially expressed at 24, 48, and 72 hai, respectively, in Wuyi Rock tea leaves. Isolate CLBB1 infection elicited phenotype-related responses and activated defense-related pathways, including plant–pathogen interaction, MAPK signaling, and plant hormone signal transduction, suggesting a possible mechanism underlying phenotype-based susceptibility to CLBB1. Thus, a new Ps. vietnamensis strain causing GBD in the tea cultivar ‘Shuixian’ was discovered in this study. Transcriptome analysis indicated that pathogen invasion activated chitin-related MAPK pathways and that tea plants required a hormone to restrict CLBB1.
Chemical Studies on Tuberactinomycin. XII. Syntheses and Antimicrobial Activities of [Ala3, Ala4]-, [Ala3]-, and [Ala4]-Tuberactinomycin O

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Total syntheses of [Ala3, Ala4]-, [Ala3]-, and [Ala4]-tuberactinomycin O corresponding to deoxy analogs of natural antibiotic tuberactinomycin O were achieved for the purpose of elucidation of relationship between chemical structure and biological activity. Cyclization of the pentapeptide intermediates at two different positions was investigated. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of the synthetic analogs against Mycobacterium or Corynebacterium indicated that both hydroxy groups of two serine residues of tuberactinomycins are not required for antibacterial activity, nor participated to drug-resistancy of bacilli. These analogs were found to have the same conformations in solution as those of natural antibiotic from the results of NMR, ORD, and CD measurements.
Housing Choice and Search Strategies within an Administered Housing System

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In this paper findings are presented concerning the behaviour of households moving into and within the public-housing sector in a major British city. In contrast to most research on the public sector, the approach adopted is explicitly derived from theories and studies of housing choice and search. Data from an extensive household survey of new council tenants are used to demonstrate that households undertake a range of search strategies which are associated with different housing outcomes. In particular, variations are shown to exist in stressors and subsequent search behaviour, in information usage, in evaluation strategies, and in spatial patterns.