jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Spatial Distribution and Age Structure of Population as a Factor of Spatial Differentiation of Development of the Kuršumlija Municipality

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Demographic development is characterized by pronounced depopulation, weakening demographic potential and aging of population. These resulted by increasing inbalances in the territorial distribution of population (drastically draining and fragmentation of rural settlements). Aim of this work is analysis of spatial distribution and age structure of population as a factor constraints of balanced development. Special attention is on the analysis of dispersion of population and settlements in altitude zones, and to research the causes and consequences of demographic emptying and quenching setelements of the municipality of Kursumlija.
Taxonomic Status of Calanus finmarchicus and C. glacialis (Copepoda), with Special Reference to Adult Males

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A morphometric analysis using certain taxonomic characters of adult males of Calanus finmarchicus (Gunnerus) and C. glacialis Jaschnov shows that the taxa comprise two non-overlapping clusters. Calanus finmarchicus and C. glacialis are probably reproductively isolated. Differences between the species in geographical distribution, vertical distribution, and timing of life cycles also support this conclusion. Previous taxonomic studies of adult females of the two species have yielded inconclusive results, probably because the analyses were based largely on subgeneric characters.
Unraveling the impact of financial literacy, financial technology adoption, and access to finance on small medium enterprises business performance and sustainability: a serial mediation model

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This study investigates the impact of financial access, technology adoption, and literacy on the performance and sustainability of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Indonesia. Using data from 469 SMEs and employing a serial mediation model alongside importance-performance mapping analysis (IPMA), the research reveals that financial literacy enhances both loan availability and FinTech adoption. However, FinTech adoption has minimal direct impact on financial access. While the links between financial literacy, capital access, and business performance are moderate, financing access plays a crucial mediating role between FinTech adoption, financial literacy, and business outcomes. Financial literacy also serves as a key mediator in driving SME success when coupled with FinTech usage and funding access. To support long-term SME sustainability, policymakers should prioritize initiatives that strengthen financial literacy and access to capital. Although the study offers valuable insights, its scope is limited to Indonesian SMEs operating in traditional markets. Future research should broaden the framework to other regions and industries, and improve data reliability through triangulation methods.
A rare presentation of Ectopic Cushing Syndrome in a patient with small cell lung cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Ectopic Cushing’s syndrome (ECS) is a rare para neoplastic syndrome that occurs in patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Because of the aggressive nature of the syndrome and its atypical features, ECS in small-cell lung cancer is difficult to diagnose and has a poor prognosis. We report a case of a 53-year-old male patient who presented with severe proximal muscle weakness in all4 limbs, and loss of appetite. He had no chest symptoms. The patient was eventually diagnosed with stage IV primary small-cell lung cancer with ECS and survived only one week following diagnosis. We have conducted a review of relevant published articles.
Stimulator of Interferon\nGenes-Activated Biomimetic\nDendritic Cell Nanovaccine as a Chemotherapeutic Booster to Enhance\nSystemic Fibrosarcoma Treatment

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Fibrosarcoma, a malignant mesenchymal tumor, is characterized\nby\naggressive invasiveness and a high recurrence rate, leading to poor\nprognosis. Anthracycline drugs, such as doxorubicin (DOX), represent\nthe frontline chemotherapy for fibrosarcoma, but often exhibit suboptimal\nefficacy. Recently, exploiting the stimulator of interferon genes\n(STING)-mediated innate immunity has emerged as a hopeful strategy\nfor cancer treatment. Integrating chemotherapy with immunomodulators\nin chemo-immunotherapy has shown potential for enhancing treatment\noutcomes. Herein, we introduce an advanced dendritic cell (DC) nanovaccine,\ncGAMP@PLGA@CRTM (GP@CRTM), combined with low-dose DOX to enhance fibrosarcoma\nchemo-immunotherapy. The nanovaccine consists of poly(lactic-<i>co</i>-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles encapsulating the\nSTING agonist 2,3-cGAMP (cGAMP@PLGA, GP) as its core, and a calreticulin\n(CRT) high-expressing fibrosarcoma cell membrane (CRTM) as the shell.\nExposing CRT on the vaccine surface aids in recruiting DCs and stimulating\nuptake, facilitating efficient simultaneous delivery of STING agonists\nand tumor antigens to DCs. This dual delivery method effectively activates\nthe STING pathway in DCs, triggering sustained immune stimulation.\nSimultaneously, low-dose DOX reduces chemotherapy-related side effects,\ndirectly kills a subset of tumor cells, and increases tumor immunogenicity,\nthus further amplifying immune therapeutic performance. Hence, these\nfindings demonstrate the potential of DC nanovaccine GP@CRTM as a\nbooster for chemotherapy. Synergistically combining low-dose DOX with\nthe DC nanovaccine emerges as a powerful chemo-immunotherapy strategy,\noptimizing systemic fibrosarcoma therapy.
Practical Approach to Congenital Anomalies of the Kidneys: Focus on Anomalies With Insufficient or Abnormal Nephron Development: Renal Dysplasia, Renal Hypoplasia, and Renal Tubular Dysgenesis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) accounts for up to 30% of antenatal congenital anomalies and is the main cause of kidney failure in children worldwide. This review focuses on practical approaches to CAKUT, particularly those with insufficient or abnormal nephron development, such as renal dysplasia, renal hypoplasia, and renal tubular dysgenesis. The review provides insights into the histological features, pathogenesis, mechanisms, etiologies, antenatal and postnatal presentation, management, and prognosis of these anomalies. Differential diagnoses are discussed as several syndromes may include CAKUT as a phenotypic component and renal dysplasia may occur in some ciliopathies, tumor predisposition syndromes, and inborn errors of metabolism. Diagnosis and genetic counseling for CAKUT are challenging, due to the extensive variability in presentation, genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity, and difficulties to assess postnatal lung and renal function on prenatal imaging. The review highlights the importance of perinatal autopsy and pathological findings in surgical specimens to establish the diagnosis and prognosis of CAKUT. The indications and the type of genetic testing are discussed. The aim is to provide essential insights into the practical approaches, diagnostic processes, and genetic considerations offering valuable guidance for pediatric and perinatal pathologists.
Breast Vascularization and Its Implication in Breast Reduction and Mastopexy Surgery: Anatomical Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

(1) Background: Breast reduction is one of the most frequently performed plastic surgeries in women worldwide. The Wise pattern breast reduction is one of the most frequent skin designs for this surgery. One key point of the surgery is to preserve a well-vascularized NAC by using different surgical pedicles. This study aims to test and update the anatomical knowledge of breast vascularization, the topographic and anatomical basis of the different surgical vascular pedicles, and the differences between the right and left sides. (2) Methods: A descriptive observational anatomical study was carried out on 15 breasts from 10 cryopreserved body donors. A dissection was performed by quadrants to know the affected arteries’ origin in the different patterns. (3) Results: The largest and most frequently dissected internal mammary perforator artery was in the second intercostal space. A total of 44.9% of the dissected perforators are located in the upper inner quadrant, compared to 53.5% in the lower quadrants. (4) Conclusions: The upper inner quadrant alone has the most arterial perforators. In contrast, the sum of the two lower quadrants represents the greatest vascularization of the breast, with a small difference between both.
Maulidi Celebrations on the Northern Swahili Coast

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Overall, the chapter seeks to capture and convey a sense of fundamental ambivalence that characterizes and accompanies maulidi performances and social experiences of different kinds of social actors on the Swahili coast, as they move between pious dedication and vivid and boisterous worldly partying. In Lamu, on the Northern Swahili coast in Kenya, the ambivalence of maulidi celebrations is present on different levels of social life and public discourse (among ordinary Muslims and scholars) and with a view to specific forms and kinds of socially embedded performance, engagement and interaction. In this chapter, I explore and discuss how this foundational translocal ambivalence plays out locally, looking at maulidi practices, performances, and contexts, as they are publicly engaged in, and contested and negotiated during this festive period. In the final part of this chapter, I present a brief contextual discussion of maulidi-related writings by relevant Swahili Muslim scholars – specifically Sheikh Abdalla Saleh Farsy, a leading modernist reformer – to show how references to the regionally specific maulidi practices and debates about them are reflected in their arguments about the propriety and acceptability of such celebrations.
Immunoregulatory functions of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors and development of resistance to them

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This review presents a current understanding of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors. In spite of unprecedented clinical efficacy of checkpoint inhibitors in some cancer types, primary or acquired resistance to anti-PD1 therapies is common and affecting up to 60% of patients in some cancer types. The mechanisms that contribute to the development of anti-PD1-/PD-L1 resistance are also discussed.
Gluonic effects in eta- and etaprime-nucleon and nucleus interactions

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Gluonic degrees of freedom play an important role in the masses of the eta and etaprime mesons. We discuss eta- and etaprime-nucleon and nucleus interactions where this glue may be manifest. Interesting processes being studied in experiments are etaprime production in proton-nucleon collisions close to threshold and possible eta-nucleus bound-states.
Performing Care: Exploring Rituals, Demands and Otherness

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In this vibrant exchange, Alphonso Lingis further elicits what performing care entails when it comes to considering our words and actions―be they addressed, seemingly mechanical, or ritualized. According to Lingis, as demands and rituals inform us, the boundaries between the "I" and the other, or between our bodies and the world, dissolve. Lingis thus shows how caring could potentially contribute to reinventing the way philosophy approaches meaning. Carefully paying attention to what we tend to exclude from our usual perception could significantly broaden the scope of our knowledge practices.
Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. TVu-3883

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Plant Genetic Resource.
Taxonomy: Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.
Common name(s): Cowpea
Other names: TVu-3883
Conserved by: International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Nigeria
Local sample unique identifier: TVu-3883
Method of creation: Acquisition
Date: 1972-10-08
Historical: No
Biological status: Traditional cultivar/landrace
MLS status: Included
IT Governance in Hospitals and Health Systems

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Without a governance structure, IT at many hospitals and healthcare systems is a haphazard endeavor that typically results in late, over-budget projects and, ultimately, disparate systems. IT Governance in Hospitals and Health Systems offers a practical "how to" in creating an information technology governance process that ensures the IT projects supporting a hospital or health systems' strategy are completed on-time and on-budget. The authors define and describe IT governance as it is currently practiced in leading healthcare organizations, providing step-by-step guidance of the process to readers can replicate these best practices at their own hospital or health system. The book provides an overview of what IT governance is and why it is important to healthcare organizations. In addition, the book examines keys to IT governance success, as well as common mistakes to avoid; governance processes, workflows and project management; and the important roles that staff, a board of directors and committees play. Special features in the book include case studies from hospitals and health systems that have successfully developed an effective IT governance structure for their organization.
An insight into online shopping behaviour among young adults in Malaysia / Marziah Mokhtar ... [et al.]

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

In twenty-first century, online shopping becomes increasingly popular as more people starts to shop online using their smart phones and internet. Online shopping is a process of buying and selling of products and services through internet. The purpose of this paper is to examine \nonline shopping behaviour among young adults in Malaysia. This paper investigates four variables that influence young adults online shopping behaviour namely convenience, customers satisfaction, persived and price level. A survey has been conducted by distributing google form questionnaires through WhatsApps applications.The collected data was analised using both frequencies and multiple regression analyses. The empirical findings of this study shows that convenience, customers satisfaction and price level positively influence the online shopping behaviour among adults. In contrast, persived risk has a negative effect with regards to online shopping. Among the four variables, convenience, persived risk and price level were found to be significant while consumer satisfaction was not.
Biochemical Aspects of Immune Complex Formation and Immune Complex Diseases

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Formation of immune complexes is a normal part of the immune defence against soluble antigens. Immune complexes may nevertheless play a pathogenic role of their own. The present review discusses antigen antibody interactions with special regard to immune complex formation. A new classification of antigen antibody interactions is proposed, based on the antigenic valence. Oligovalent antigens and bivalent antibodies form genuine immune complexes. Experimental observations and theoretical considerations indicate that although a vast variety of complexes is possible genuine immune complex formation is a self‐limiting process, so it is typical that the smallest possible complexes are formed in the largest amounts. Formation of immune complexes differs in mechanism from most other biological ligand binding reactions, and the extent to which immune complex formation follows its own laws is discussed. To explain the mechanism of precipitin reactions, a two‐stage model is proposed. The outcome of antigen antibody heterogeneous, and the impact of antibody heterogeneity is also discussed.
The Effect of Intensity of Aerobic VO2max Resting Heart Rate and Blood Pressure

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The AGSM recommends 20 to 60 minutes of continuous or intermittent activity 3 to 5 times per week to maintain cardio respiratory fitness (Pollock et al., 1998). The 1996 Surgeon General's Report on Physical Activity and Health indicates that Americans are not meeting these physical activity recommendations (DHHS). Several clear consequences of physical inactivity are the appearance of cardiovascular disease risk factors, such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia and obesity. Two recent review articles suggested that higher intensity exercise will elicit a greater reduction in cardiovascular disease risk factors (Swain and Franklin, 2002; Swain and Franklin, 2006). In order to determine whether various exercise intensities differentially affect resting heart rate, resting blood pressure and aerobic capacity, college-aged males and females were recruited for this study. Sixty-one healthy subjects were matched for age, gender, and VO2max and randomly assigned to a moderate-intensity, vigorous-intensity, maximal-intensity or a non-exercising control group. The weekly duration of training varied in opposition to the intensity to ensure there was equivalent energy expenditure across all groups. Subjects completed a six-week training protocol on a stationary bicycle ergometer. After training, VO2max significantly increased across all exercising groups (P < 0.05). The maximal-intensity group had the greatest increase of 7.2 ml·min1·kg-1, followed by an increase of 4.8 ml·min 1·kg-1 in the vigorous-intensity group and an increase of 3.4 ml·min1·kg-1 in the moderate-intensity group. Percent increases in the moderate (10.0%), vigorous (14.3%) and maximal-intensity (20.6%) groups were all significantly different from each other. There were no significant changes in resting heart rate or resting blood pressure following training. The results indicate that when energy expenditure is controlled, higher intensities of exercise are more effective for improving VO2max than lower intensities of exercise in healthy, young, college-aged students.
Wigner Function Evolution of Quantum States in Presence of Self-Kerr Interaction

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A Fokker-Planck equation for the Wigner function evolution in a noisy Kerr medium ($χ^{(3)}$ non-linearity) is presented. We numerically solved this equation taking a coherent state as an initial condition. The dissipation effects are discussed. We provide examples of quantum interference, sub-Planck phase space structures, and Gaussian versus non-Gaussian dynamical evolution of the state. The results also apply to the description of a nanomechanical resonator with an intrinsic Duffing nonlinearity.
Vein Pattern Locating Technology for Cannulation: A Review of the Low-Cost Vein Finder Prototypes Utilizing near Infrared (NIR) Light to Improve Peripheral Subcutaneous Vein Selection for Phlebotomy

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

One of the most common means for diagnosis is through medical laboratory testing, which primarily uses venous blood as a sample. This requires an invasive method by cannulation that needs proper vein selection. The use of a vein finder would help the phlebotomist to easily locate the vein, preventing possible pre-analytical error in the specimen collection and even more discomfort and pain to the patient. This paper is a review of the scientific publications on the different developed low-cost vein finder prototypes utilizing camera assisted near infrared (NIR) light technology. Methods: Electronic databases were searched online, these included PubMed (PMC), MEDLINE, Science Direct, ResearchGate, and Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Xplore digital library. Specifically, publications with the terms vein finder prototype, NIR technology, vein detection, and infrared imaging were screened. In addition, reference lists were used to further review related publications. Results: Cannulation challenges medical practitioners because of the different factors that can be reduced by the utilization of a vein finder. A limited number of publications regarding the assessment of personnel performing cannulation were observed. Moreover, variations in methodology, number of patients, type of patients according to their demographics and materials used in the assessment of the developed prototypes were noted. Some studies were limited with regard to the actual human testing of the prototype. Conclusions: The development of a low-cost effective near infrared (NIR) vein finder remains in the phase of improvement. Since, it is being challenged by different human factors, increasing the number of parameters and participants/human for actual testing of the prototypes must also be taken into consideration for possible commercialization. Finally, it was noted that publications regarding the assessment of the performance of phlebotomists using vein finders were limited.
Slow pyrolysis of fast growing wood Macaranga gigantea

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Slow pyrolysis of fast growing wood Macaranga gigantea has been studied. The product yields and chemical composition of products obtained from the experiments under different conditions (temperature, reaction time, sample mass) were described. In all cases, Macaranga gigantean gave total product yields, ranging from 45-65%. The increase in temperature and reaction time resulted in the increase in product yields. The organic phase of the pyrolysis products contained phenol and its derivatives, furans, benzene and its derivatives, eugenol and the isomers, methyl esters, aromatic ketones, poly-aromatic hydrocarbons, and carboxylic acids; these compounds were mainly derived from lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose.
The brief psychiatric rating scale in positive and negative subtypes of schizophrenia.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Usefulness of the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) in distinguishing positive and negative subtypes of schizophrenia is presented. Ninety five schizophrenic patients were assessed on BPRS. Significant differences emerged between positive and negative subtypes of schizophrenia on items like emotional withdrawal, guilt feelings, tension, hallucinatory behaviour, motor retardation, blunted affect and excitement. Discriminant function equation generated by these items had a high rate of prediction of group membership either to positive or negative schizophrenia group. Principal components analysis of BPRS scores yielded factors which favour categorization of patients in positive, negative subtypes. The study provides support for classification of schizophrenia into these subtypes.