jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Pesticide Residues in Crude Drugs and Pharmaceutical Preparations Containing Crude Drugs

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The residual contents of pesticides in 13 commercial crude drugs, their decoctions and 15 commercial pharmaceutical preparations which contain crude drugs were determined by using gas chromatography. Eleven kinds of organochlorine pesticides and 9 kinds of organophosphorus pesticides were examined. From the several crude drugs, 8 kinds of organochlorine pesticides were detected, but no organophosphorus pesticides were found from the crude drugs. The maximum values of BHC isomers (total BHC), DDT and related compounds (total DDT), dieldrin and heptachlor epoxide were 0.452 ppm, 0.089 ppm, 0.010 ppm and 0.039 ppm, respectively. The organochlorine pesticides in decoctions prepared from the crude drugs were found to decrease to 0-9.4% of those in the raw crude drugs. The tablets and pills containing powdered crude drugs were found to include higher amounts of organochlorine pesticides than the tablets containing the extracts of crude drugs. More than 1 ppm of total DDT was determined in the soft capsules with fish-liver oil. More than 1 ppm of total BHC and heptachlor epoxide were determined in the soft extract of Ginseng. The potential daily intakes of these pesticides from all samples were calculated. The values obtained were under 5% of acceptable daily intake (ADI) recommended by WHO.
Methods and applications for the secondary use of claims data from the Austrian health insurance system

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background Previous studies suggest that a significantly increased risk to suffer frommyocardial infarction can be observed for parents in comparison with adults withoutchildren. However, definitive evidence is lacking and insufficient to adapt clinical practiceguidelines on that basis. Furthermore, actual cases seem to be rare and backing data isnot available.Objectives The main objective of this work is to gather evidence on the relative risk ofmyocardial infarction in parents compared with couples without children in a retrospective,observational cohort study.Methods Reimbursement data from the health care system are routinely collectedby Austrian social insurance institutions for administrative and accounting purposes.GAP-DRG, a linked research database holding data from the Austrian health and socialinsurance system covering several years is utilized to determine the number of potentialcases.Genealogical information is crucial but lacking from the data source. As a result, parentship is not encoded in the available administrative data. Therefore, a method forindirect deduction of this personal information is developed and implemented. Furthermore, information about individual comorbidities and the social-economic status arededuced.Identified cohorts are documented in detail and various statistical procedures are applied.Such methods include univariate statistics and cross-tabulations, decision trees, andmultivariate regression models. Resampling, balancing, and propensity score matchingare used to achieve more accurate estimates and robustness.Results In summary, no additional evidence was found to support the initial claim.In addition, unprecedented developments such as the disclosure of previously unknowndata quality problems in the administrative data source, coinsurance networks andgenealogical information, the handling of socioeconomic information, and morbidityscores are reported in detail.
QCD $and$ electroweak $fits$ to $HERA$ inclusive $DIS$ data

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A simultaneous fit of parton distribution functions (PDFs) and electroweakparameters to HERA data on deep inelastic scattering is presented. The inputdata are the neutral current and charged current inclusive cross sectionswhich were previously used in the QCD analysis leading to the HERAPDF2.0PDFs. In addition, the polarisation of the electron beam was taken intoaccount for the ZEUS data recorded between 2004 and 2007. Results on thevector and axial-vector couplings of the Z boson to u- and d-type quarks,on the value of the electroweak mixing angle and the mass of the W bosonare presented. The values obtained for the electroweak parameters are inagreement with Standard Model predictions. The resulting sets of PDFs,ZEUS-EW, are in agreement with HERAPDF2.0 and give a good description ofZEUS data with polarisation taken into account.
Regulation of Neurite Outgrowth by Intermittent Irradiation of Visible Light

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The effect of neurite outgrowth of PC12 cells on collagen-coated glass plates under intermittent light irradiation at 525 nm and 0.4 mW/cm2 of intensity was investigated. Neurite outgrowth of PC12 cells was significantly suppressed when PC12 cells were cultivated under intermittent light irradiation with a total irradiation time of more than 2 min/h. No temperature increase was observed in the culture medium under either continuous or intermittent light irradiation. Therefore, suppression of neurite outgrowth under light irradiation was not due to the increase of temperature in the culture medium, but rather the effect of light on the PC12 cells, especially the signal transmittance of light to PC12 cells. The light irradiation interval also affected the neurite outgrowth of PC12 cells when the total irradiation time was constant. A high extension ratio of neurite outgrowth was observed under a long time interval of nonirradiation between light irradiations (1 min of irradiation every hour) as compared with frequent light irradiation intervals (5 s of irradiation every 5 min) with the same total irradiation period per hour. The neurite outgrowth ratio was thought to be dependent on the light intensity, the total time of light irradiation in the intermittent light irradiation, and the interval of light irradiation in the intermittent light irradiation.
Vascular clamp with mononylon thread in experimental microsurgery

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction:Reconstructive microsurgery is now an inseparable and essential branch of plastic surgery.The training is long, has a relatively high financial cost and requires a lot of the proponents.To improve this equation in favor of the formation of new microsurgeons in Brazil, it is essential to facilitate access to experimental training, using simple materials.Huaraca described a technique using a simple 5-0 mononylon thread to replace the vascular clamp, which is an indispensable instrument for microsurgical anastomosis and is generally expensive.The objective is to compare the Huaraca technique with mononylon thread and the traditional metal clamp during vascular microsurgical anastomosis.Methods: Six Wistar rats whose both femoral arteries were randomly selected for end-to-end suture after complete section, with one side performed with usual vascular clamp and the contralateral with Huaraca technique, at the same surgical time and by the same surgeon.Results: In both situations, the patency rate was 67% after 72 hours, with an average time of 26 minutes with the Huaraca technique and 18 minutes with the traditional clamp (p=0.001).Conclusion: Despite the longer execution time, the Huaraca technique is a simple and low-cost measure that can replace the traditional vascular clamp.
A public health information system for conducting community health needs assessment

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Students in the health education program at California State University,\nNorthridge (CSUN), like students in similar programs at other universities, are\noften trained through the use of practical projects as part of the curriculum.\nHealth education projects typically require that students select a geographically\ndefined community, conduct a community health education needs assessment,\nand then produce a program plan that addresses the health needs of\nthat community. The purpose of this project was to develop a community\nhealth database and mapping system that geographically integrated demographic,\nhousing, morbidity, and mortality data, using specially written software\nto facilitate analysis and mapping of the data. The creation of this public\nhealth information system (PHIS) represents a step toward using geographic\ninformation system technology to improve the process of developing public\nhealth needs assessments. The PHIS is also a valuable resource for training\npublic health educators, making hard-to-find needs assessment data readily\navailable to them as well as giving them the ability to analyze the data spatially.\nAfter pilot testing in fall 1997, the PHIS was implemented for use in community\nhealth education classes at California State University. The CSUN\nDepartment of Health Sciences intends to find additional applications for the\nPHIS database. Currently, the PHIS is being tested by a national medical center\nas part of a program to determine its effectiveness as a decision-support\ntool. The system also has been made available to the Los Angeles County\n(California) Department of Health Services for testing in the Border Health\nprogram as a needs assessment tool.
Love and its Place in Virtue

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract The fundamental claim of the book is that love is central to virtue. Beginning with an account of love it argues that there are many criteria for love which feature in various ways in the different forms of love. Central is the distinction between relational love between individuals and lovingness (in its various forms) as a fundamental emotional orientation towards the world as a whole (a Grundstimmung). Central too is the distinction between love as an emotion and virtuous forms of love. How love features in virtue in general, including virtues which are not virtues of love, is the main theme. The book discusses “foundational” loves (universal love, self-love, and dwelling love), some of the impartial virtues of love, and the relation between love and justice, arguing that justice should be loving. The major ideas in the book have been inspired by a number of great philosophers, notably Aristotle, Kant, Hume, Nietzsche, and Heidegger.
Energetic capability characterization for the tidal turbine farm implementation

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

This paper shows that the optimization of the electrical energy production from a tidal turbine is dependent on the constraints of the site. The Raz Blanchard area is presented as an example. The proposed turbine is based on the 0.55MW Doubly Feed Induction Generator (DFIG) connected to a turbine with a radius of 10m. The proposed model is implemented in Matlab/Simulink software for system simulations. The simulations are done using the tidal current magnitude calculated with a hydrodynamic model. The obtained results are presented and analyzed.
Combined caffeine and ephedrine ingestion improves run times of Canadian Forces Warrior Test.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The ingestion of a combination of caffeine (C) and ephedrine (E) has been reported to prolong exercise time to exhaustion during cycle ergometry at 85% VO2max. The present study was undertaken to investigate whether this enhancement would occur in a field setting and if drug ingestion on 1 d would affect performance 1 d later. Two hours after ingesting either a combination of 375 mg of C and 75 mg E (C+E), or a placebo (P), 9 healthy male recreational runners completed six balanced and double-blind trials of the Canadian Forces Warrior Test (WT), a 3.2 km run wearing "fighting order" which weighed about 11 kg. The trials were performed in sets of two runs, i.e., two runs were done 24 h apart, and these sets were separated by a minimum of 7 d. The sets were: C+E trial on day 1 (D1), placebo on day 2 (P2); placebo first (P1), C+E second (D2); and placebo first (P3), placebo second (P4). In addition, 1 wk before the treatment trials the subjects performed a control trial WT. During the WT, heart rates (HR) were recorded every minute. Plasma C and E levels immediately before the WT were similar for both C+E trials, but were undetectable for all P trials. Run times (mean+/-SD) were 15.3+/-0.6, 15.4+/-0.9, 15.5+/-1.2, 15.4+/-0.9, 15.4+/-0.9, 14.8+/-0.7, and 14.6+/-0.8 min for control, P1, P2, P3, P4, D1, D2 trials, respectively. The two C+E trial run times were similar and both were significantly faster (p < 0.05) than control and all placebo trials. HR during the WT was significantly higher (p < 0.05) for the C+E trials compared with the other trials. WT performance was not impaired by C+E ingestion 24 h earlier. In conclusion, performance of the WT was improved by ingestion of C+E.
Karyology of Six Species of Louisiana Flatfishes (Pleuronectiformes: Osteichthyes)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

MATTHEY, R. 1951. The chromosomes of the vertebrates. Adv. Genet. 4:159-180. MORESCALCHI, A. 1971. Comparative karyology of the Amphibia. Biol. Zool. 38:317-320. 1973. Amphibia, p. 233-348. In: Cytotaxonomy and vertebrate evolution. A. B. Chiarelli and E. Capanna (eds.). Academic Press: New York. OLMO, E. 1973. Quantitative variations in the nuclear DNA and phylogenesis of the Amphibia. Caryologia 26:43-68. PATTON, J. L. 1967. Chromosomes studies of certain pocket mice, genus Perognathus (Rodentia: Heteromyidae). J. Mamm. 48:27-37. PENNOCK, L. A., D. W. TINKLE AND M. W. SHAW. 1968. Chromosome number in the lizard genus Uta (Family Iguanidae). Chromosoma 24:467-476. SAVAGE, J. M., AND M. H. WAKE. 1972. Geographic variation and systematics of Middle American caecilians, genera Dermophis and Gymnopis. Copeia 1972:680-694. SESHACHAR, B. R. 1936. The spermatogenesis of Ichthyophis glutinosus. PartI. The spermatogonia and their divisions. Zeit f. Zellf. 24:662-706. . 1937a. The spermatogenesis of Ichthyophis glutinosus (Linn.). Part II. The meiotic divisions. Ibid. 27:133-158. . 1937b. The chromosomes of Ichthyophis glutinosus (Linn.). Cytologia 8:327-331. ? 1939. The spermatogenesis of Uraeotyphlus narayani Seshachar. La Cellule 48:63-76. A 1941. Chromosome number polyploidy in Amphibia. Curr. Sci. Bangalore. 10:282-284. 1944. The chromosomes of Gegenophis carnosus. Half yearly J. Mysore Univ. NS 5 B: 251-253. STEBBINS, G. L. 1971. Chromosomal evolution in higher plants. Addison-Wesley Publ. Co.: Reading, Mass. STRAUS, N. A. 1971. Comparative DNA renaturation kinetics in amphibians. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 68:799-802. TAYLOR, E. H. 1960. On the caecilian species Ichthyophis glutinosus and Ichthyophis monochrus with descriptions of related species. Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull. 40:37-120. 1968. The Caecilians of the World: A Taxonomic Review. Univ. Kansas Press: Law-
Kickass Companies: Leveraging business models with great leadership

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This paper is based on a study of 755 Danish SMEs and further in-depth case studies of 12 of these. Its objective was to identify a model of components and relationships among the very best, most efficient, high-performing SMEs. We call these Kickass Companies. The result is a model made up of six interrelated dimensions, which together illustrate what makes up a Kickass Company: • You need willpower • You need to be there for your customers • You strive to be the best • Success is a “we thing” • You need to be able to accelerate • Use motivating KPIs Following these six dimensions might not be a guarantee of success, and not all components will be implementable in all types of companies. However, the empirical evidence here suggests that, if companies think along these lines of doing business, their probability of success will be higher than otherwise.
Have European Unemployment Rates Converged?

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Using di¤erent unit root statistics and the approach of Tomljanovich and Vogelsang (2002), we test for the existence of stochastic and beta-convergence in the unemployment rates of a set of thirteen European countries. Using quarterly data for the period 1984:1-2005:4, we observe that there has taken place a convergence process in the majority of European unemployment rates. This process has become more intense since 1993.
Comparative study of efficacy and safety of intravenous sodium valproate with intravenous phenytoin sodium in the treatment of status epilepticus in children

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Status Epilepticus (SE) is a common paediatric neurological emergency that requires immediate and aggressive management. The standard treatment of status epilepticus includes use of diazepam, midazolam, phenytoin sodium/phenobarbitone, diazepam infusion in sequential order. Unfortunately the current therapies mentioned above have considerable adverse effects. There was a continued search for alternative drug. We found out that intravenous (IV) sodium valproate is safe and effective in controlling paediatric SE. Objective: Compare efficacy and safety of intravenous sodium valproate with intravenous phenytoin sodium in the treatment of status epilepticus in children.Methods: This prospective comparative study was done over a period of two years. Children admitted to paediatric intensive care unit who satisfy inclusion criteria were included in the study. Thirty two subjects were enrolled. The subjects were randomized. 17 patients in VPA group received intravenous (IV) valproate in dose of 30 mg/kgas loading dose followed by additional 10 mg/kg if not controlled and fifteen patients in PHT group received intravenous (IV) phenytoin in the doses of 20 mg/kg and an additional 10 mg/kg if not controlled. Children were clinically monitored for adverse events. Treatment was considered successful if seizures were controlled within 20 minutes. Results: IV valproate was successful in 82.4% and IV phenytoin in 80% with P>0.05. In a cross over, out of 3 uncontrolled patients in PHT group, none of the children got controlled with VPA as 2nd choice. However in VPA group, out of 3 uncontrolled patients, one got controlled with phenytoin as 2nd choice. Recurrence was 2.5 times more with phenytoin (3/7) than valproate (2/7) with P=0.209.Conclusions: It was observed that intravenous sodium valproate is as effective as intravenous phenytoin in treatment of paediatric status epilepticus. The drug was tolerated well with no clinically observed adverse effects.
Direct measurement of longitudinal movement of tracer in cochlear endolymph

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

On the basis of morphological studies which show that tracers injected into cochlear endolymph subsequently reach the endolymphatic sac, it has been repeatedly postulated that there is a bulk flow of cochlear endolymph towards the basal turn. However, no study has yet reported the relative contributions of passive diffusion and volume flow to the dispersion of substances in endolymph. We have measured the characteristics of movement of an ionic tracer between the first and second turns of the guinea pig cochlea. Tetramethylammonium (TMA) was chosen as a tracer as it can be readily detected in low concentrations by a potassium-selective microelectrode. The characteristics of TMA arrival monitored in turn II following a minute injection into turn I were compared with those monitored in turn I following injection into turn II. These results were compared with those predicted by a one-dimensional computer model of ionic diffusion in which various rates of volume flow could be incorporated. Our results demonstrate that TMA appears to spread symmetrically in the cochlea. This finding demonstrates that the movement of ions in endolymph is dominated by passive diffusion with almost negligible contribution from bulk flow. [This work supported by NIH.]
A miniaturized asymmetrical bandpass filter using the inductive load and the coupled lines

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This work presents the compact bandpass filter using asymmetrical couplers, coupled lines and inductive load. In the design, it is shown that the length of the two asymmetrical couplers are shorter when the inductive load is introduced, causing the significant reduction in the total filter size approximately 50% while the filter performance still maintains. Then, the coupled lines are employed. As a result, the filter gives not only the good return loss but also the excellent sharp-edge band rejection. In the experiment, the filter gives the fractional bandwidth of about 31.47 percent with the return loss of 15dB. Additionally, the filter performance in simulation and the experiment are welled agreed.
Evaluation of the Quality Protein and the Effect on Muscle Health of a New Ingredient Based on Hydrolyzed Egg White

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Concerns about the growing human population and how to supply future nutritional needs have translated to a growing interest in searching for alternative proteins. However, one important aspect of protein intake to be considered is the quality of these proteins and the health benefits of these products. This a comparative study of a novel technological protein ingredient based on “hydrolyzed egg white” with different protein sources, such as pea protein, soy protein, and powder milk, evaluating the protein digestibility-corrected amino acid scores (PDCCAs) and their effects on muscular metabolism. PDCCAs are a method of determining the quality of a protein based on both the amino acid requirements of humans and their ability to digest it. An in vitro methodology has been used based on gastrointestinal digestion using a dynamic system to study the bioaccessibility of the amino acids and peptides and determine the PDCAAS, and a further study was carried out with the bioaccessible fraction in a cellular model of muscular cells (C2C12) to monitor the effect on the genes that code to myogenin, mTOR, and creatin kinase gene via rt-PCR. The results showed that the new hydrolyzed egg white-based ingredient is a high-quality protein source because the PDCAA score of all essential amino acids was higher than 1. This pattern of PDCCAs was similar to that of pea protein and slightly higher than that of concentrated soybean protein. In addition, the new ingredient in hydrolyzed egg white stimulated muscle metabolism by enhancing mTOR and myogenin gene expression in C2C12 cells. A new protein ingredient based on egg white has been developed with a proven protein quality and a healthy effect on muscle metabolism that improves protein synthesis. This new ingredient has potential in the formulation and development of new products for populations with special protein requirements, such as elderly or sportive populations, among others.