jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of physiological heart murmurs in a population of 95 healthy young adult dogs

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

OBJECTIVES To determine the prevalence of physiological heart murmurs in healthy young adult dogs. MATERIALS AND METHODS Healthy dogs aged between 1 and 5 years were enrolled prospectively. All participating dogs underwent physical examination, urinalysis, blood testing and blood pressure measurement. Cardiac auscultations were performed by three independent examiners. Dogs with heart murmurs underwent echocardiography, to exclude cardiovascular abnormalities. RESULTS Of 109 dogs evaluated, 95 completed the study. Heart murmurs were detected in 22 dogs. Interobserver agreement for murmur detection was moderate to fair (weighted kappa 0 · 29–0 · 56). On the basis of two different sets of echocardiographic criteria, physiological heart murmurs were diagnosed in 6 and 11 dogs, respectively, giving a prevalence of 6–12%. All physiological heart murmurs were systolic and low‐grade (I– III / VI ). Most were louder towards the left heart base and some radiated up to the thoracic inlet. The epidemiological features of dogs with physiological heart murmurs did not differ significantly from those of dogs without murmurs (P > 0 · 10). CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE This study shows that physiological heart murmurs may not be limited to growing dogs or specific breeds, as they were commonly encountered in this population of healthy young adult dogs.
Predicting Firm Value in The Jakarta Islamic Index with Profitability as A Mediating Variable

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to analyze and empirically examine profitability in predicting a firm value in the sector of companies listed on the Jakarta Islamic Index (JII). The research sample consisted of 40 annual reports of sector companies listed on the Jakarta Islamic Index from 2017 to 2019, which were analyzed using AMOS software. This study found that Intellectual Capital positively affects firm value, but Management Statement Disclosure and Corporate Social Responsibility are not proven to affect firm value. Furthermore, profitability mediates the relationship between intellectual capital, Corporate Social Responsibility, and Management Statement Disclosure on firm value.Keywords:Â Corporate social responsibility; Firm value; Intellectual capital; Management statement; ProfitabilityAbstrakArtikel ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dan menguji secara empiris profitabilitas dalam memprediksi nilai perusahaan pada sector perusahaan yang terdaftar di Jakarta Islamic Index. Sampel penelitian terdiri dari 40 laporan tahunan perusahaan sektor yang terdaftar di Jakarta Islamic Index dari tahun 2017-2019, yang dianalisis dengan menggunakan software AMOS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Intellectual Capital berpengaruh positif terhadap nilai perusahaan, tetapi Management Statement Disclosure dan Corporate Social Responsibility tidak terbukti berpengaruh terhadap nilai perusahaan. Hasil analisis meunjukkan bahwa profitabilitas terbukti memediasi pengaruh Management Statement Disclosure, Intellectual Capital dan Corporate Social Responsibility terhadap nilai perusahaan.Kata kunci:Â Corporate social responsibility; Intellectual capital; Management statement;Â Nilai perusahaan; Profitabilitas
Chemical Composition of Chloroform-extraction from Tithonia diversifolia and Its Phytotoxicity

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The chemical composition of the chloroform-extraction from Tithonia diversifolia was analyzed with GC-MS,and the effect of the chemical composition of chloroform-extraction with different concentrations(0.1,0.05 and 0.025 g/mL)was bioassayed on B.pekinensis,R.sativus,L.sativa by culture dish method.48 compounds were identified,amouting to 81.28%.The major constituents were alcohols,esters,terpenes.Stigmasterol(10.335%),Clionasterol(8.640%),Ethyl palmitate(7.164%),7-tert-butyl-1-tetralone(6.304%),2-momoPalmitin(4.226%),Neophytadiene(4.089%)were the main compounds from the chloroform-extraction.The results showed that the chemical composition of the chloroform-extraction from T.diversifolia could inhibit final seed germination rate,seedling growth.The suppression effect was strengtheded with the increasing concentration,and the chloroform-extraction fraction had an obvious inhibition effect on.B.pekinensis seed germination and L.sativa seedling growth.
<p>Ferulic acid attenuates liver fibrosis and hepatic stellate cell activation via inhibition of TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway [Corrigendum]</p>

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Ferulic acid attenuates liver fibrosis and hepatic stellate cell activation via inhibition of TGF-beta/Smad signaling pathway [Corrigendum] Mao Mu, Shi Zuo, Rong-Min Wu, Kai-Sheng Deng, Shuang Lu, Juan-Juan Zhu, Gao-Liang Zou, Jing Yang, Ming-Liang Cheng, Xue-Ke Zhao Mu M, Zuo S, Wu RM, et al. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2018;12:4107–4115. An error has been found in a couple of the image labels for Figure 3F. On page 4112, the original Figure 3F image appears as: Read the original article:
Friederike Eigler. Heimat, Space, Narrative: Toward a Transnational Approach to Flight and Expulsion. Rochester, NY: Camden House, 2014. 211 pp.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Amid the humanities' proliferating cultural turns, German Literary Studies has remained a vibrant field in which one can increasingly appreciate the value of transnational approaches. Doubtlessly i...
A QUALITATIVE STUDY OF TEACHER PERCEPTIONS OF GUIDED READING AS AN INSTRUCTIONAL MODEL FOR FIFTH-GRADE STUDENTS

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The purpose of the multi-case qualitative study was to examine the perceptions of Grade 5 teachers after professional development using a guided reading training model. The study district, a suburban district in South Texas, serves over 600 Grade 5 students. Four Grade 5 teachers from four elementary schools in the same school district were selected to participate. The teachers were trained in the methodology of guided reading based on the protocols and research recommendations by Irene Fountas and Gay Su Pinnell. Prior to training in the methodology of guided reading, Grade 5 teachers were not required to teach guided reading. The key findings of the study indicated the belief of the teachers of benefits to using guided reading as an instructional model in Grade 5 classrooms. Although weaknesses were noted, the development of student confidence and growth suggested guided reading should be a methodology of instruction in Grade 5 classrooms.
Privacy and security for online social networks: challenges and opportunities

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Online social networks such as Facebook, Myspace, and Twitter have experienced exponential growth in recent years. These OSNs offer attractive means of online social interactions and communications, but also raise privacy and security concerns. In this article we discuss the design issues for the security and privacy of OSNs. We find there are inherent design conflicts between these and the traditional design goals of OSNs such as usability and sociability. We present the unique security and privacy design challenges brought by the core functionalities of OSNs and highlight some opportunities of utilizing social network theory to mitigate these design conflicts.
CSMiner: An Automated Tool for Analyzing Changes in Configuration Settings across Multiple Versions of Large Scale Cloud Software

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

As software evolves, the number of configuration settings and their usage scenario often change as well, causing system misconfiguration and performance degradation. However, no tool exists today that can aid system administrators/developers answering questions such as "What are the new configuration settings in this new version?", or "Where and How is setting X used in the new version?". As manually investigating answers to these questions is almost impossible due to the number of settings and size of the software, this paper investigates the design of an automated tool (CSMiner) leveraging static program analysis techniques that helps users to understand how and where a particular setting is used in a program and how settings have evolved across different versions of a software system. CSMiner was applied on four different open source software packages, namely, Apache Cassandra, ElasticSearch, Apache Hadoop, and Apache HBase, and CSMiner identified 109 (out of 109), 109 (out of 113), 811 (out of 847), and 160 (out of 167) settings for these software packages respectively. In each case, CSMiner successfully identified the changes in configuration settings across multiple versions with high accuracy.
Isotopically labelled compounds for hazardous waste site cleanup investigations: Part I. Synthesis of [phenyl‐U‐14C] labelled 2,4‐dinitro‐6‐sec‐butylphenol (dinoseb) and [phenyl‐U‐14C] labelled 4‐n‐propylphenol

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The Fries rearrangement of [phenyl‐U‐ 14 C] propionate forming a mixture of ortho and para hydroxypropiophenones was followed by steam distillation to separate the isomeric products. A Grignard addition to the ortho isomer and elimination of water from the intermediate carbinol, followed by hydrogenation and nitration, yielded [phenyl‐U‐ 14 C] labelled dinoseb. A Wolff‐Kishner reduction of the para isomer furnished [phenyl‐U‐ 14 C] 4‐n‐propylphenol.
Characteristics of Bone Particles from Various Poultry Meat Products

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Bone particles were isolated from hand deboned turkey meat, sawed turkey carcasses, and mechanically deboned turkey meat. The turkey meat was solubilized by digestion with papain and the bone separated from other non-digestible material using a carbon tetrachloride:acetone mixture. Bone meal was also utilized in this study for comparative purposes. Photomicrographs were taken of isolated bone particles to determine their characteristics and size. Largest bone particles were separated from hand-deboned turkey meat (average diameter 513 μ). Bone particles from mechanically deboned turkey meat (average diameter 233 μ) were substantially smaller than those observed from hand deboned sources. Bone meal was observed to have the smallest average particle size (average diameter 83 μ). Particles from sawed carcasses were similar in size to those found in mechanically deboned turkey meat. Photomicrographs indicated that particles were generally amorphous in nature.
Metathesis

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

This Glossary contains definitions, explanatory notes, and sources for terms used in physical organic chemistry. Its aim is to provide guidance on the terminology of physical organic chemistry, with a view to achieving a consensus on the meaning and applicability of useful terms and the abandonment of unsatisfactory ones. Owing to the substantial progress in the field, this 2021 revision of the Glossary is much expanded relative to the previous edition, and it includes terms from cognate fields.
Early inhaled budesonide in extremely preterm infants decreases long‐term respiratory morbidity

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background There is no strict correlation between early bronchopulmonary dysplasia and long‐term respiratory disease. Early inhaled corticosteroids seem to reduce the incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia, but the long‐term outcome remains unknown. Research Question The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of early inhaled corticosteroids on chronic respiratory morbidity. Methods Fifty‐nine survivors from the Prague cohort included in Neonatal European Study of Inhaled Steroids underwent further follow‐up comprising of respiratory morbidity monitoring during the first 2 years of life followed by objective lung function testing performed at the age of 5.9 years (range 5‐7 years). Both outcomes were pursued and finalized before the unblinding of budesonide subgroups. Results Fifty randomized (budesonide vs placebo group, 56% vs 44%) survivors were included in the study. Spirometry was successfully performed in 48 children. No statistically significant differences were found in the lung function test (forced expiratory flow [FEF] ‐ FEF 75 , FEF 50, FEF 25 , and FEF 25‐75; FEV 1 , forced vital capacity [FVC], FEV 1 /FVC) although mild trend to the improvement of expiratory flow pattern was observed in the budesonide group (median z ‐score of FEV 1 /FVC −0.376 vs −0.983, P = .13; median z ‐score of FEF 25‐75 −1.004 vs −1.458, P = .13; median z ‐score of FEF 75 −0.527 vs −0.996, P = .17). Children assigned to budesonide had a significantly lower rate of symptoms of chronic lung disease (34.6% vs 68.2%; P = .04) than children assigned to placebo. Interpretation Our study suggests that early inhaled budesonide was associated with the trend to the improvement of functional lung parameters and with a lower rate of symptoms of chronic lung disease within the first 2 years of life.
Analytic circuit model for thermal drying behavior of electronic inks

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Understanding the sintering process of conductive inks is a fundamental step in the development of sensors. The intrinsic properties (such as thermal conductivity, resistivity, thermal coefficient, among others) of the printed devices do not correspond to those of the bulk materials. In the field of biosensors porosity plays a predominant role, since it defines the difference between the geometric area of the working electrode and its electrochemical surface area. The analysis reported so far in the literature on the sintering of inks are based on their DC characterization. In this work, the shape and distribution of the nanoparticles that make up the silver ink have been studied employing a transmission electron microscopy. Images of the printed traces have been obtained through a scanning electron microscope at different sintering times, allowing to observe how the material decreases its porosity over time. These structural changes were supported through electrical measurements of the change in the trace impedance as a function of drying time. The resistivity and thermal coefficient of the printed tracks were analyzed and compared with the values of bulk silver. Finally, this work proposes an analytical circuit model of the drying behavior of the ink based on AC characterization at different frequencies. The characterization considers an initial time when the spheric nanoparticles are still surrounded by the capping agent until the conductive trace is obtained. This model can estimate the characteristics that the printed devices would have, whether they are used as biosensors (porous material) or as interconnections (compact material) in printed electronics.
Al-mihna wa’l-huwiyya. Motivational Dimensions of Arabic Heritage Learners in a Professionally-Oriented Education Setting

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This study investigates motivational and professional orientations and identity issues of students of Arab descent majoring in Arabic in a teaching setting oriented to develop vocational and professional language skills. Their motivations for learning the target language were investigated and compared with those of their colleagues of non-Arab descent through a questionnaire that explored motivational factors, job expectations and education history. Apparently, students were prompted to take Arabic classes because of employment concerns and they proved keen on undertaking most of the proposed professions, providing that they were connected with the Arab world. It is also possible to highlight how the study of the language of origin was determined by thoroughly intrinsic motives. Cultural interests and especially identity needs provided the strongest push for the respondents, even in the surveyed education setting, where instrumental motivation was clearly expected to play a major role. Implications can be drawn as regards curriculum design and classroom practice.
Molecular characterisation of novel bioactive compounds derived from bacteria associated with Ulva australis seaweed

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The marine environment shows a vast ecological, chemical, and biological diversity, from unicellular microorganisms to vertebrates, with more than 300 000 described species of plants and animals. Marine microorganisms are frequently members of complex communities in which competition for limited space and resources can be strong. Marine bacteria represent an emerging source of natural products as they produce a variety of structurally diverse and biologically active secondary metabolites. Nevertheless, the ecological role of these small molecules is not entirely understood. Secondary metabolites from marine bacteria take part in a variety of processes including nutrient acquisition, chemical communication and competition. The importance of these secondary metabolites in the control of infectious and parasitic organisms has been largely overlooked for many years. The overall aim of this work is to contribute to the discovery of novel marine bioactive compounds obtained from bacterial communities that display antagonistic biological activity. This involved the use of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (C.elegans) as a model system to detect and identify bioactive bacterial compounds that target multicellular eukaryotes. C. elegans is a free –living terrestrial nematode that feeds on bacteria, and can be easily grown and manipulated under laboratory conditions. Previous work isolated bacterial DNA from the seaweed Ulva australis (U.australis) and identified some genetic elements displaying bioactivity when expressed in the heterologous Escherichia. coli (E.coli) host. This work expands upon the previous identification of environmental DNA encoding bioactive compounds by performing toxicity tests to identify the most toxic clone (i.e., JJ117) that was most detrimental towards C. elegans. A random transposon mutant library of JJ17 was then obtained and screened for a loss of toxicity towards C. elegans. Loss of nematocidal activity for 13 selected clones was then further characterised via a toxicity assay. Finally Tn-sequencing was attempted to identify the specific genetic elements in these clones that are responsible for the toxic activity. This project suggests that marine microorganisms are a source of bioactivity against the nematode C. elegans, and that these bacterial secondary metabolites likely play a role in the complex ecology of the marine environment.
Oxalic-acid elicited resistance to Fusarium wilt in Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Systemic induced resistance (SIR) in a plant enhances disease resistance to a broad spectrum of pathogens. Under climate chamber conditions, oxalic acid's ability to elicit SIR in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) against wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici (Fol) was tested with a susceptible cultivar (Danish Export). Oxalic acid (OA) was sprayed onto the green part of the tomato plants, at concentrations 2.5, 5, 10, and 20 mM. Two days later, each plant was challenged with 10 ml of Fol suspension (106 conidia/ml) inoculated into the soil around the root system. After inoculation, disease incidence (DI) was quantified visually to assess SIR expression. OA-induced resistance (concentration-dependent) by otherwise susceptible tomato plants was obtained.
Egyptian Arabic in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

purpose of the present paper is to make a linguistic analysis of the Judeo-Arabic manuscript Or. 7768 preserved in the British Library, which belongs to the so-called Cairo Geniza collection. This manuscript contains two versions of purim mitzrayim (Purim of Egypt or Cairo) written in Hebrew and Arabic, the latter, of course, using the Hebrew characters.According to the parameter of the phonetic correspondence between Hebrew letters and Arabic sounds which each letter stands for, Judeo-Arabic documents can be roughly classified into four periods; i) Early Judeo-Arabic (8C.-10C.), which is written in Early Vulgar Judeo-Arabic Spelling; ii) Classical Judeo-Arabic (10C.-15C.), which is written in Classical Judeo-Arabic Spelling; iii) Later Judeo-Arabic (15C.-18C.), which is written in Later Judeo-Arabic Spelling; and iv) Modern Judeo-Arabic (19C.-). The language of the manuscript in question basically belongs to the third variety of Judeo-Arabic, but shows many linguistic features characteristic of Classical Judeo-Arabic (Spelling).
Antenatal dietary supplementation with myo-inositol in women during pregnancy for preventing gestational diabetes

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Evidence from four trials of antenatal dietary supplementation with myo-inositol during pregnancy shows a potential benefit for reducing the incidence of gestational diabetes. No data were reported for any of this review's primary neonatal outcomes. There were very little outcome data for the majority of this review's secondary outcomes. There is no clear evidence of a difference for macrosomia when compared with control.The current evidence is based on small trials that are not powered to detect differences in outcomes including perinatal mortality and serious infant morbidity. All of the included studies were conducted in Italy which raises concerns about the lack of generalisability of the evidence to other settings. There is evidence of inconsistency and indirectness and as a result, many of the judgements on the quality of the evidence were downgraded to low or very low quality (GRADEpro Guideline Development Tool).Further trials for this promising antenatal intervention for preventing gestational diabetes are encouraged and should include pregnant women of different ethnicities and varying risk factors and use of myo-inositol (different doses, frequency and timing of administration) in comparison with placebo, diet and exercise or pharmacological interventions. Outcomes should include potential harms including adverse effects.
A STUDY IN THE MEASUREMENT OF CORNEAL ENDOTHELIAL CELL DENSITY USING THE SPECULAR MICROSCOPE

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Six subjects who never wore contact lenses underwent six determinations of corneal cell density using each of two measurement modes: Mode A: the eye was applanated once and pairs of photographs were taken; Mode B: the eye was applanated and a single photograph was taken. For each measurement mode data were collected on two separate sessions (Test, Retest). Chi‐square analyses revealed a significantly larger proportion of uncountable photographs from the first measurement session, and analysis of variance revealed that Mode A was less reliable than Mode B upon retesting. It was concluded that Mode B was the preferred measurement mode, and that many more than six determinations be made on the initial session in order to obtain six readable photographs. Finally, estimates of inter and intra‐session variation, intra‐pair variation, and inter and intra‐observer variation are given.