jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A Biocatalytic Route to Enantiomerically Pure Unsaturated α-H-α-Amino Acids

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

A set of both enantiomeric forms of non-proteinogenic, unsaturated α-H-α-amino acids was efficiently synthesized using a biocatalytic pathway. This route involved the straightforward synthesis of the required unsaturated amino acid amides, followed by resolution with an aminopeptidase present in Pseudomonas putida ATCC 12633 and/or a genetically modified organism, leading to the (S)-acids and (R)-amides. Undesired amino acid racemase activity was identified in the wild-type strain, which was absent in the newly developed organism. The (R)-amides were hydrolyzed under mild conditions using an amidase present in whole cells from Rhodococcus erythropolis NCIMB 11540 to the (R)-acids. The viability of this procedure was demonstrated with the multi-gram synthesis of a variety of unsaturated amino acids in excellent enantiopurity.
Molecular docking, dynamics, and drug-likeness studies of alprazolam derivatives as a potent anxiolytic drug against GABAA receptors

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

GABAA receptors exhibit permeability to the chloride ion-gated channel, and an increase in excitability disrupts the ion gradients, hence contributing to the development of anxiety-related disorders. This study aims to repurpose potent inhibitors of alprazolam analogs, which were obtained from the PubChem database. These ligands are being investigated for their binding ability to the GABAA receptor. We employed molecular docking through Autodock vina V.4.2 software. The Swiss ADME server was utilized to assess the drug-likeness of the ligands. MDS was conducted using the iMODS platform. Compounds A3, A8, and A9 exhibited a notable binding score range of -8.0 to -8.4 kcal/mol-1 with GABAA protein. The drug-likeness analysis revealed that 3 ligands had compliance with Lipinski's RO5. Moreover, the A8 compound can traverse the BBB. In contrast, the A3 and A9 ligands remain localized in the GI region. The MDS of the GABAA receptor with the A8 molecule exhibited higher stability than alprazolam. The current investigation unveiled a highly effective antagonist of GABAA receptors, specifically A8 - 8-chloro-1,4-dimethyl-6-phenyl-4H- [1,2,4] triazolo [4,3-a] [1,4] benzodiazepine. This compound holds potential for future wet-lab experiments, perhaps leading to its utilization in therapeutic applications as an anxiolytic medication.
Effect of the Addition of Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) on the Protein Profile, Antiradical Activity, and Microbiological Status of Raw-Ripening Pork Sausage

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The study evaluated the effect of adding dandelion extract on the characteristics of raw-ripening pork sausages while reducing the nitrite addition from 150 to 80 mg/kg. The sausages were made primarily from pork ham (80%) and pork jowl (20%). The process involved curing, preparing the meat stuffing, forming the links, and then subjecting the sausages to a 21-day ripening period. Physicochemical parameters such as pH, water activity, and oxidation-reduction potential were compared at the beginning of production and after the ripening process. The study also examined the impact of ripening on protein metabolism in pork sausages and compared the protein profiles of different sausage variants. The obtained research results indicate that dandelion-leaf extract (Taraxacum officinale) were rich in phenolic acids, flavonoids, coumarins, and their derivatives (LC-QTOF-MS method). Antiradical activity test against the ABTS+* and DPPH radical, and the TBARS index, demonstrated that addition of dandelion (0.5–1%) significantly improved the oxidative stability of raw-ripening sausages with nitrite content reduction to 80 mg/kg. A microbiological evaluation of the sausages was also carried out to assess the correctness of the ripening process. The total number of viable bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, and coliforms were evaluated and subsequently identified by mass spectrometry.
Power Output in Rugby Players Comparing Unilateral and Bilateral Isotonic Upper-body Resistance Exercise

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

International Journal of Exercise Science 12(6): 691-700, 2019. Bilateral deficit (BLD) occurs when the internal muscular force generated during simultaneous bilateral limb exercise is lower than the sum of internal muscular forces generated during separate right limb and left limb unilateral exercise, while attempting to oppose the same total external load. Numerous BLD studies have evaluated force output differences during exercise; however, no study has determined whether BLD exists when generating power during isotonic upper-body exercise. To address this, we measured and compared power output across unilateral and bilateral isotonic upper-body exercise. Seventeen college male rugby players (age = 21.8 ± 2.1 y) completed 4 randomized, equal volume, upper-body exercise sessions: unilateral exercise using traditional weight training (UWT); unilateral exercise using circuit training (UCT); bilateral exercise using traditional weight training (BWT); and bilateral exercise using circuit training (BCT). Five sets of 5 repetitions of each dumbbell exercise (bench press, bent over row, overhead press, biceps curl, front raise, and bent over raise) were completed using a moderate dumbbell load (40–50% of 1-RM). Linear position transducer units were employed to measure power output. Peak and mean power scores (with the power data of all 6 exercises combined within a given group) were significantly higher in UWT compared with the other 3 protocols (p = .0001). This study involving collegiate rugby players demonstrates the presence of a bilateral power deficit in upper-body isotonic exercise and suggests that traditional unilateral exercise may generate the highest power output during a given resistance exercise session involving similar volumes of work.
Dow Jones Index, GARCH(1,1) and Change-Points

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Many econometric time series data sets, such as log returns of stocks, exhibit evidence of the so called stylized facts. Namely it is generally observed that the data itself is uncorrelated with heavy tails, but the squared data has signicant autocorrelation. For such data sets, there appears to be little or no linear information in the past about the future values of the series. Thus the class of Autoregressive Integrated moving average models (ARIMA) are not appropriate. However, there does in general appear to be information in past values of the squared data about future values of the squared data. This allows for modeling of the conditional variance as a function of the observed past. One choice for a class of models able to incorporate the stylized facts are the generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedastic (GARCH) family. In practice the GARCH(1,1) process is used most often. This work reviews what is known about the GARCH(1,1) model and investigates the ap- propriateness of a GARCH(1,1) model for daily Dow Jones Index stock returns (DWJ). A GARCH(1,1) model is t to the DWJ series. Based on visual inspection of the return data, there may be one or more changepoints in the process governing the data. We use a recent test proposed by Berkes, Horvath, and Kokoszka in order to locate possible change-points in the DWJ data. Although the test is designed to detect a single changepoint in a GARCH process, the test is applied sequentially in an attempt to nd mutliple changepoints. It is found that a single GARCH(1,1) model cannot be tted for the DWJ series from January 1997 through December 2006. Sequential changepoint testing indicates a single changepoint in the data. In order to assess the reliability of these conclusions, a simulation study is used to investigate the properties of the changepoint test. The change-point test performs quite well in terms of type I error, but its power is small. Overall a better test for change-point detection in GARCH(1,1) processes would be welcome.
Chemical peels in the treatment of acne: patient selection and perspectives

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

David E Castillo,1 Jonette E Keri1,2 1Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA; 2Dermatology Service, Miami VA Hospital, Miami, FL, USA Abstract: Acne vulgaris is the most common skin disorder in adolescents and young adults. It carries a significant psychological and economic burden to patients and society. A wide range of therapeutic options are available, including topicals and systemic therapies. Chemical peeling is a skin resurfacing procedure intended to regenerate normal skin from the application of exfoliative agents. It has been used for the treatment of acne vulgaris and other skin disorders for decades. There are several chemical agents with variable mechanisms of action, usually classified as superficial, medium, and deep peels. When selecting the patient and the appropriate peel, the dermatologist individualizes therapy, and performs an extensive interview, including past medical history and physical exam. Several host factors can affect the outcome of this procedure, including current psychological state, medications, history of surgery, and immune system, among others. The physician must also be confident that the peel is safe and effective for the target patient. The Fitzpatrick skin type scale is a useful tool to classify patients based on skin color and ability to tan, but also can be used to evaluate preoperative risk of postpeel response and complications. Dark-skinned patients (Fitzpatrick skin type IV–VI), including blacks, Asian, and Hispanic/Latino, are at higher risk of postinflammatory/postpeel hyperpigmentation. When treating these populations, deep chemical peels should be avoided, and preoperative preparation emphasized. There are many studies available in the literature supporting the use of superficial to medium depth peels as adjuvant therapy for acne vulgaris. This review article aims to present the most important factors when selecting a patient for a chemical peel, the evidence behind its safety and efficacy, and special considerations when choosing a specific agent. Keywords: chemical peels, acne, patient perspective, specific population, peel complications
A Study of Youth Volleyball Playersâ€™ Participation Motivation and Relate Elements*

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The present study examined the essential factors that truly motivated youth athletes participated in Volleyball practices and competitions using the Adapted Questionnaire of Volleyball Athleteâ€™s Motivation-Chinese Version. Participants were 92 youth volleyball athletes (age 14-17) from 15 schools of Nanjing City, China. Data analysis was done by a 2 Gender (boy or girl) x 2 Education-levels (high-school or middle-school) x 2 School-types (sport-school or regular-school) multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). Findings included: the top five higher scores from the 19 RFs were: RF1 â€œTechnical-content and unique-valueâ€ M Â± SD = 4.30 Â± .83; RF17 â€œFor extraordinary-skillsâ€ M Â± SD = 4.24 Â± 1.04; R3 â€œFor healthâ€ M Â± SD = 4.11 Â± 1.02; RF12 â€œImprove own-literacyâ€ M Â± SD = 4.00 Â±1.26; RF9 â€œbecome healthierâ€ M Â± SD = 3.58 Â±1.13. These RFs possess significant higher impact on the participantsâ€™ motivations. The results of the MANOVA revealed that: two out of three independent variables reached meaningful significantly difference level (p < .00), wherein in â€˜Genderâ€™ aspect, Î› = .37, F = 5.92 with boys athletesâ€™ motivation score significantly higher (p < .00) than the girls athletes; (2) in â€˜School-typesâ€™ aspect, Î› = .24, F =11.17 with sport-school playersâ€™ motivation score significantly higher (p < .00) than the regular-school players.
49 * SIMULATION FOR FOUNDATION YEAR SURVIVAL SKILLS (SIM-FYSS)-USING SIMULATION TO TEACH MEDICAL UNDERGRADUATES TO CARE FOR ELDERLY INPATIENTS BEFORE ENTERING THE UK FOUNDATION PROGRAMME

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: All medical graduates must undertake the UK Foundation Programme (UKFP), however undergraduate training may not specifically prepare them to care effectively for older people (Bartram et al. Age Ageing (2006) 35(5): 533-535; Gordon et al.; Age Ageing (2010) 39(3): 385-388). Evidence is mounting that simulation-based teaching methods effectively improve students' clinical knowledge, skills and attitudes in many areas of medical practice (Okuda et al; Mt Sinai J Med (2009) 76:330-43; Tullo et al.; J Am Geriatr Soc (2010) 58:1987 93) Innovation: A questionnaire sent to local Foundation Year 1 doctors established the need for further learning in Geriatric Medicine prior to commencing the UKFP. We designed an educational intervention, using immersive simulation with reflective feedback and small group workshops. This was run for 16 final year students from Glasgow University and evaluated with pre- and post-course questionnaires assessing candidates confidence levels in dealing with common medical problems in elderly inpatients. Evaluation: Using a two-tailed unpaired t-test to compare pre- and post-course self-rating scores for the question “How well do you feel prepared to assess and manage the following…?”, we demonstrated statistically significant improvement for the following domains: Dementia (p = 0.0023), Parkinson's Disease (p = 0.0093), Falls (p = 0.0470), Poor Mobility (p = 0.0126), Multiple Co-morbidities (p = 0.0141) and End-of-life Care (p = 0.0009). The only domain that was not improved significantly was Confusion (p = 0.1790). 100% of candidates felt the course was beneficial and would recommend it to a colleague. Conclusions: The new course has evaluated well both in terms of immediate educational benefit and acceptability. We now plan to follow this cohort of students up after they have started their UKFP posts, to assess whether there is any persistence of the measured benefit. In light of our experience so far, we aim to offer the course to a larger cohort of students in 2014 with further evaluative measures planned.
Deviant behavior of convicted prisoners of war and corrective and preventive influence in their respect: statement of the problem

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The article states the absence of national regulation of the treatment of interned convicted prisoners of war (primarily in the Penal Code of the Russian Federation) and only a partial mention of them in the Geneva Convention «On the Treatment of Prisoners of War», which is especially updated by the special military operation in Ukraine. Taking into account the specific individualizing characteristics of convicted prisoners of war (combat experience, psychological and other special training, often adherence to a radical ideology, etc.) in order to prevent their deviant behavior, the provisions of the convention regulating certain aspects of the application of the regime, educational work, and social influence are analyzed and other means of their correction on the part of the state authorities of the detaining power, as well as international and national public organizations. Attention is focused on the means of correction, which have a significant preventive potential, in particular, by ensuring of the internal and external isolation of convicted prisoners of war, imposing disciplinary sanctions on them, including by provisional detention of offenders in order to maintain order and discipline, etc. Particular attention in the context of ensuring the safety of the activities of places of detention of convicted prisoners of war is given to the prevention of their self-injury, including when deciding on release for health reasons, radical religious manifestations, as well as other negative deviations.
The Technology Behind Personal Digital Assistants: An overview of the system architecture and key components

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We have long envisioned that one day computers will understand natural language and anticipate what we need, when and where we need it, and proactively complete tasks on our behalf. As computers get smaller and more pervasive, how humans interact with them is becoming a crucial issue. Despite numerous attempts over the past 30 years to make language understanding (LU) an effective and robust natural user interface for computer interaction, success has been limited and scoped to applications that were not particularly central to everyday use. However, speech recognition and machine learning have continued to be refined, and structured data served by applications and content providers has emerged. These advances, along with increased computational power, have broadened the application of natural LU to a wide spectrum of everyday tasks that are central to a user's productivity. We believe that as computers become smaller and more ubiquitous [e.g., wearables and Internet of Things (IoT)], and the number of applications increases, both system-initiated and user-initiated task completion across various applications and web services will become indispensable for personal life management and work productivity. In this article, we give an overview of personal digital assistants (PDAs); describe the system architecture, key components, and technology behind them; and discuss their future potential to fully redefine human?computer interaction.
False Claims Act Overview and Implications for Neurologists

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The US Department of Health and Human Services Office of the Inspector General identifies the five most important federal fraud and abuse laws that are most applicable to physicians: the False Claims Act, the Anti-Kickback Statute, the Physician Self-Referral Law (Stark Law), the Exclusion Authorities, and the Civil Monetary Penalties LawThe False Claims Act is the US government's primary tool for combating fraud perpetrated through the filing of false claims for federal government reimbursement. Neurologists and companies serving the needs of neurologic patients have not been immune from False Claims Act-related legal action. This article provides an overview of the False Claims Act, uses real-life neurologic cases to illustrate the range of False Claims Act violations and recoveries, and offers some practical compliance suggestions.
Experiment of Making Fur Specimen and Complete Skeleton Specimen on the Dead Body of Panthera tigris altaica

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Generally speaking,making a fur specimen and a complete skeleton specimen of the large mammal need two complete large mammals as materials.This experiment was carried out on the dead body of a Panthera tigris altaica to explore a method of making a fur specimen and a complete skeleton specimen on a dead body.
Impact of Talker Variation in Following Context on Resolving Lexical Ambiguities in Speech Recognition

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Studies have shown that when a word in a sentence is hard to recognize, a listener relies on context occurring subsequent to the word in order to accurately identify the word. For example, when someone talking on the phone said The wing had feathers but the listener only heard The *ing had feathers due to cell-phone interference, the listener will tend to focus on following context (e.g., feathers) to understand it was the “wing” that "had feathers" rather than "thing" or "ring". The current study explores whether a listener will rely on following context if the target word (e.g., wing) was spoken by one talker and the following word (e.g., feathers) was spoken by another talker. Results show that the talker change neither weakens nor strengthens the influence of subsequent context on ambiguity resolution.
Patients with advanced solid cancers treated with ERK inhibitors exhibit pseudo-progession in lymphatic nodes.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

3138 Background: ERK1/2 signaling is often overactivated in cancer, especially in patients with molecular alterations activating the MAPK pathway. MAPK pathway inhibition can result in the increase of CD8+ and CD4+ T-cells and decreased expression of immunosuppressive cytokines. Methods: This is a retrospective study of 52 patients with advanced solid cancers and oncogenic alterations in the MAPK pathway, who were treated in phase I/II clinical trials with five different single agent ERK1/2 inhibitors at MD Anderson Cancer Center. We reviewed serial PET and/or CT imaging obtained before therapy, on therapy, and after therapy completion. We evaluated dynamic changes in the lymphatic nodes (LN) in the context of overall response per RECIST 1.1 and other outcomes. Results: Of the 52 patients, 19 (37%) patients were evaluated with serial PET/CT and 33 (63%) with serial CT imaging only. Of the 19 patients evaluated with PET/CT, 12 (63%) demonstrated increased FDG uptake in LN compared to pre-treatment imaging (LN enlargement, n = 9; no LN enlargement, n = 3) discrepant from the known target and non-target lesions. These 12 patients were on therapy with ERK inhibitors (11 at doses > recommended phase 2 dose [RP2D]) for a median of 3.6 months (range, 1.8-12 months) with a best response per RECIST 1.1. as follows: partial response, n = 1; stable disease (SD), n = 10; progressive disease (PD), n = 1. Of interest, in 6 of those 12 patients, FDG uptake in LN decreased or resolved after treatment discontinuation. Further, one patient had a biopsy of an emerged LN, which showed lymphocytic infiltrate without tumor cells. Of the 33 patients evaluated with CT only, 5 (15%) demonstrated increased size of LN discrepant from the known target and non-target lesions compared to pre-treatment imaging. These 5 patients were on therapy with ERK inhibitors (all at doses < RP2D) for a median of 1.4 months (range, 1.1-3.5 months) with a best response per RECIST 1.1. as follows: SD, n = 2; PD, n = 3. Of interest, in 2 of those 5 patients, size of LN decreased or resolved after treatment discontinuation. In addition, one patient had a biopsy of an emerged LN, which showed lymphoid aggerates without tumor cells. Conclusions: Our data suggest that treatment with ERK inhibitors can result in activation of the lymphatic nodes, which can manifest as pseudo-progression. This can lead to an inconclusive assessment of their therapeutic benefit and further suggests exploration of the potential synergistic effects with immune therapy.