jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Assessment the concentration of some heavy metals of selected soils from Shattrah city.

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The aim of this study to measure the concentrations of five heavy elements in the soil of Shattrah city. We try to detect the extent of contamination levels of heavy metal and make comparison between these level and international standard determinants. We were selected (7) different stations in the city including (old crowded residential, industrial, modern crowded residential, Industrial, area exposers bombed in 2003, and areas closed to the busy streets to vehicles) samples were collected during the month of June and July of 2016 -2015. Using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer device (Flam Atomic absorption). Values were arranged ​​[(171.6857, (12.27), (66.4142), (21.5), (20.928) ppm] respectively, the present results indicate that there was high ratio of lead, cadmium and zinc in all study areas and another evidence of soil contamination.
Technology mapping of mixed polarity Reed-Muller representations

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

There is interest in using Reed-Muller forms (exclusive-OR sums of products) as a representation in logic synthesis. There are algorithms available for two-level and multilevel minimization, but there is a lack of techniques for sum of products technology mapping. Two methods are presented: a simple rule-based method which decomposes the representations until they match a gate in the library; and a more sophisticated directed acyclic graph (DAG) mapping method which covers a directed acyclic graph representation of the network with DAG representations of gates from the gate library. Both methods have been implemented, and full sets of results are given. A number of suggestions are made for improving both methods.< >
The effect of feed particle size, milling method, and thermal treatment, on interior and exterior egg quality in laying hens

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Quality egg production is the ultimate goal of layer farming. The grinding of grains to a more uniform particle size may improve the performance of mature birds (Amerah et al., 2007). Two methods, including hammer mill and roller mill, are commonly used to reduce particle size of grains (Amerah et al., 2007). Thermal treatment of feed is commonly used for feed sanitation, which may improve bird's performance (Kilburn and Edwards, 2001). The effect of the mentioned treatments on performance of poultry has widely been studied, however the knowledge regarding their impact on egg quality is limited. Therefore, the present study was designed to investigate the effects of feed grinding technique (roller (R) vs. hammer mill (H)), form of compaction (mash (M) or expandate (E)), and grinding intensity (coarse (C) vs. fine (F) particle size) on interior and exterior egg quality in layers.
Occurrence Download

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

A dataset containing 0 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query: { "and" : [ "TaxonKey is one of (Tinamiformes)", "HasCoordinate is true", "HasGeospatialIssue is false", "Year is greater than or equal to 1980", "OccurrenceStatus is Present", { "not" : { "BasisOfRecord" : [ "is one of (Fossil, Living Specimen)" ] } }, "Geometry POLYGON((-60 -70,-50 -70,-50 -60,-60 -60,-60 -70))" ] } The dataset includes 0 records from 0 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0018172-251009101135966/datasets/export for details.
The People's Commissariat of Defense and the NKVD During the Prewar Years

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In June 1934, the USSR People's Commissariat for Military and Naval Affairs was transformed into the People's Commissariat of Defense (NKO), headed by K.E. Voroshilov, and on July 10 of that same year the USSR People's Commissariat of Internal Affairs (NKVD) was formed, with G.G. Iagoda as people's commissar. Relations between these two departments played an important role in the fate of the Red Army from the moment of its establishment. At the end of July 1918, a military department of the VChK [All-Russian Extraordinary Commission To Combat Counterrevolution, Sabotage, and Speculation; the Cheka] was formed to supervise the front and army Cheka units, which were converted into special departments in January 1919 and were retained after the Civil War as well. In the mid-1920s, they actively took part in purging the army of command and political personnel suspected of sympathizing with the Trotskyite opposition and then with "right-wing deviation." According to Voroshilov, a total of 5,000 former oppositionists were dismissed from the army in the 1920s and the first half of the 1930s.
Identification of the Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (GeGAPDH) Gene Family in Gastrodia elata Revealing Its Response Characteristics to Low-Temperature and Pathogen Stress

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) gene plays a pivotal role in the glycolysis/gluconeogenesis process, contributing significantly to glycosyl donor synthesis, plant growth and development, and stress responses. Gastrodia elata Bl., a heterotrophic plant in the Orchidaceae family, has its dried tubers used as the traditional Chinese medicine. This study identified three GeGAPDH genes in G. elata, all encoding basic, stable, hydrophilic proteins. Phylogenetic analysis and subcellular localization predictions categorized GeGAPDH1 as a plastid subtype, while GeGAPDH2 and GeGAPDH3 were classified as cytoplasmic subtypes. Prokaryotic expression experiments demonstrated successful expression of the GeGAPDH1 protein in Escherichia coli, which exhibited significant GAPDH enzymatic activity. Subcellular localization experiments showed that GeGAPDH1 was localized in the plastid. Expression analysis indicated that the three GeGAPDH genes were predominantly expressed in tubers. Under low-temperature stress, although the total GAPDH enzyme activity in tubers did not change significantly, the expression of GeGAPDH1 was significantly up-regulated, while GeGAPDH2 and GeGAPDH3 were significantly down-regulated. This suggests that different subtypes of GeGAPDH may regulate cold resistance through different pathways. Upon pathogen infection, the GeGAPDH gene family exhibited pathogen-specific regulatory patterns. During infection by Fusarium oxysporum, both the expression levels of all three GeGAPDH genes and the total GAPDH enzyme activity in tubers increased significantly; however, F. solani infection induced a significant increase in total GAPDH enzyme activity without significant changes in gene expression. These results suggest that the GeGAPDH gene family may respond to different pathogen infections through transcriptional or translational regulation mechanisms. This study systematically identified and characterized the GeGAPDH gene family in G. elata, providing a theoretical foundation for understanding the functional differentiation of GAPDH in heterotrophic plants.
“Roots” a Stimulus for Community Involvement

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Additional informationNotes on contributorsBetty GreathouseBetty Greathouse is currently completing her sixth year at Arizona State University where she is an associate professor and assistant chairperson of the Department of Elementary Education.Barbara Goldman YoungBarbara Goldman Young has taught students from preschool to college for fifteen years. She has also been a U. S. Peace Corps Volunteer and a television kindergarten teacher.
Modified Delay Equations for Permitted Left Turns

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

For permitted left turns at signalized intersections from exclusive or shared lane groups with multiple opposing lanes, this paper proposes modifications to the delay equation used in the 1994 Highway Capacity Manual (HCM). In the 1994 HCM, the green time for left turns is reduced by the opposing queue clearance time in the worksheet calculation of a left-turn adjustment factor that reduces the saturation flow rate of the left-turn lane group. A difficulty with the 1994 HCM is that it uses this saturation flow rate in a delay equation that allows vehicles to make “slow” left turns from the instant the green time begins. These vehicles actually make “no” left turns until the opposing traffic is less saturated, and then make “faster” left turns as acceptable gaps allow. This modified delay always exceeds the 1994 HCM delay for exclusive left-turn lanes (by more than 50% over total delay in some cases) but may either increase or decrease the HCM delay for shared lanes. Both delays are compared over a range of volumes for one example from the 1994 HCM.
Distribution of Choroidal Thinning in High Myopia, Diabetes Mellitus, and Aging: A Swept-Source OCT Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose . To compare the macular choroidal thinning between young healthy, aged healthy, young high myopic, and aged type 2 diabetic (T2D) patients using the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) grid and three-dimensional (3D) maps. Methods . A prospective study including 102 eyes of 51 healthy young subjects, 60 eyes of 30 healthy aged subjects, 24 eyes of 12 high myopic patients, and 110 eyes of 55 T2D patients. Choroidal thickness (CT) was examined with swept-source optical coherence tomography Triton DRI (Topcon Corporation, Tokyo, Japan). The choroid was automatically segmented using the software algorithm, and mean CT values of a 6 × 6 mm macular cube were exported. 3D maps were created to represent CT, and its values were compared using the ETDRS grid. Results . Mean age was 27.31 ± 3.95, 66.41 ± 7.54, 27.69 ± 3.89, and 66.48 ± 7.59 years in young healthy, aged healthy, young high myopic, and T2D patients, respectively. CT was not shown to be uniform, as superior and central zones were thicker. All ETDRS sectors were always thicker (p<0.05) in young healthy individuals than in the others. It was found that the choroidal sector which got thinner was inferior in case of age (103.28 μ m decrease), inferior-nasal in high myopia (86.19 μ m decrease), and temporal in T2D (55.57 μ m decrease). In addition, the choroid got thinner in those regions where it was thicker in healthy subjects. Conclusions . 3D maps allow a further comprehension of choroidal changes. The choroidal pattern in young healthy individuals resembles a mountain range; with age, a mountain peak; in high myopia, an inverted gorge; and in aged T2D, gathered hills. Not all choroidal regions are affected in a similar way, as it depends on the pathology. The thicker the zone is in healthy subjects, the thinner it becomes with any pathology.
[Zinc effect on the occurrence and course of diseases in adults].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Malnutrition, diseases, surgical states and infections are regarded to be the most important reasons of the occurrence of micronutrients deficiency. Zinc deficiency influences on the occurrence and course a lot of diseases in adults and elderly people. One of the preventive methods of the zinc deficiency is its adequate supply in a diet. Daily requirements for zinc and food products being the best sources of zinc are given.
B cells reappear less mature and more activated after their anti-CD20–mediated depletion in multiple sclerosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Significance Anti-CD20–mediated B cell depletion is a highly effective therapy in MS. However, long-term effects of this approach on the immune system are not yet characterized in detail. After cessation of anti-CD20 treatment, B cells reappear immature yet highly activated. In addition, anti-CD20 treatment exerts long-lasting effects on T cells, which may be important for its clinical effect. These findings may help in guiding therapeutic decisions with regard to treatment intervals and follow-up therapies.
Determination of shoulder global range of motion

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The objective of this study is to quantify the shoulder global range of motion in three dimensions and for activities of daily living. Forty-five male and five female participants with no prior shoulder injuries participated in this study. Six standard shoulder range of motion, four movements simulating activities of daily living and an extreme range of motion, were performed in an optical marker-based motion capture system. Markers were positioned in accordance to the thorax and humerus coordinate system as recommended by the International Society of Biomechanics. The chest harness used in previous studies to facilitate motion capture for females caused significant deviation for one of the markers during shoulder movement, so females were instructed to wear sports bra in this study. Euler angles obtained from the rotation sequence between the joint coordinate systems, namely the angle of elevation and angle of plane of elevation, were used to quantify and compare the shoulder range of motion. Comparison on both angles from each movement was done between male and female participants with the Student’s t-test at 95% confidence level. The t-tests conducted on three out of the twelve angles for standard range of motion, and four of the eight angles for activities of daily living, had p-values of less than 0.05, meaning that they were statistically significant. For extreme shoulder range of motion, the Euler angles were used as spherical coordinates to plot on a three-dimensional globe. With this method, it is easier to visualise the extreme range of motion in three dimensions and compare between different subjects with reference to the latitudes and longitudes. Future studies can make use of this method to quantify both standard and functional shoulder range of motion in three dimension.
Urban pioneers in the making: Recontextualization and the emergence of the engaged resident in redeveloping communities1

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper discusses the interconnections among discourse, personhood and the political economy of contemporary urban transformation. Drawing on interview and walking‐tour data from three redeveloping neighborhoods in a mid‐size city in the U.S. Southeast, I examine metasemiotic descriptions of the ‘engaged urban resident’ as a particular emblem of identity that is circulated in a social network of residents and community‐redevelopment sponsors. Using a discourse‐analytic approach, I discuss four different excerpts as recontextualizations of the emblem, moving from an institutional description that offers an abstract model of conduct for urban residents to deictically concrete and personalized testimonies of resident action. The analysis highlights how despite a common thematic focus on resident engagement, personal commentaries and stories of resident activism steer away from the institutional ideal of positive problem solving toward conflict and acts of removal. I identify links between circulated metasemiotic descriptions of the ‘engaged urban resident’ and market‐led urban redevelopment and argue that individual reframings and enactments of the institutionally‐mandated urban persona can foster socially exclusive and spatially‐purified urban neighborhoods.
The personal life of Facebook: managing friendships with social media

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

How are social media used to manage personal and intimate relations, in particular, friendships? Can these interactions be better understood through the dynamics of personal life? This article aims to answer these questions through the lens of personal life, together with concepts such as relationality, memory, biography and imaginary. Drawing on qualitative data from 30 in-depth interviews, in which Portuguese men and women were invited to describe their personal communities, it explores how relationships with friends are managed with the help of Facebook. Findings show, on a first level, many commonalities with what has been reported in the literature about social media uses, namely, the importance of social and interactional contexts in understanding the relationship between people and the media. However, a deeper level of analysis reveals that these Facebook interactions are also rooted in important features of contemporary personal life, such as an imperative of a relational continuum , [i.e.], a norm that pushes individuals to be in permanent relationships with others, with social media and social networking sites (SNS) providing up-to-date technological affordances to make that possible.
Better Together or Apart: A Case Study on Departmental Library Isolationism

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper discusses an assessment case study conducted at the Ullman Classics Departmental Library at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. The aim of the project was to discover the effectiveness of independent, departmental libraries at serving their primary faculty, graduate student, and undergraduate populations. The research was conducted using mixed methods. Usage statistics from the main UNC library system were analyzed and compared with user-reported usage information regarding similar items in the Ullman Library collection. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight representative members of the population group to provide a context for the statistical usage data. The data revealed that elements including convenience of access, continuity of the departmental community across generations, and the departmental library as a physical information commons all contributed to a more positive library experience as an independent, isolated collection than would be gained from integration with the main library system.
Design and Application of Repetitive Nanosecond Pulse Generator Based on Avalanche Transistors

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, two 4×10-stage Marx bank circuits based on avalanche transistors were designed. Both circuits can produce nanosecond pulses with an amplitude of 10 kV and a rise time less than 4 ns, one of which generated positive pulses and the other generated negative pulses. Both circuits were improved by using the auxiliary trigger topology (ATT) which can change from over-voltage conduction to the combined action of over-voltage and trigger. And the result showed that the use of ATT decreased the failure rate of transistor. And then, an APPJ generating device with a pin-ring structure was built. The effects of pulse polarity, repetition rate, and flow rate of Helium on the characteristics of APPJ were experimentally studied. The results showed that under the same conditions, the length of APPJ generated by the positive pulse was longer than negative pulses. The discharge repetition rates only affected the brightness of APPJ, and the higher the repetition frequency, the greater the brightness. As the flow rate increased, the length of APPJ appeared to increase first and then decrease.
Factors that Influence on the Noise Propagation in the Environment

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The Green Paper estimates that, in terms of the number of world people affected by noise, 20% of the population (i.e., 120 million people) suffer from unacceptable noise levels that cause sleep disturbance, annoyance and adverse health effects. An additional 170 million citizens in Europe live in areas where noise levels cause serious annoyance during the daytime. \n In financial terms, environmental noise costs society an estimated 0.2% to 2% of the Gross Domestic Product. Even the lower of these figures represents an immense cost. \nThis paper describes the factors that influence оn the noise propagation in the environment.
Mercury Content on Mangrove Roots and Telescopium telescopium in Kao Bay, North Halmahera

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The process of extracting gold using mercury (Hg) carried out by Nusa Halmahera Minerals industries (PT. NHM) as well as by the community of illegal gold mining or gold mining without a permit (PETI) that occurs in the mining area of ​​Halmahera Island can have a negative impact on the aquatic environment. This study aims to determine the mercury absorption in mangrove roots of Rhizopora sp and Telescopium telescopium at two different stations. Sampling of mangrove roots was repeated 3 times for each station. Differences in the accumulation of heavy metals Hg in the roots of Rhizophora sp were analyzed using the T-test. The study showed that the concentration of mercury in the roots of Rhizophora sp ranged from 0.016 – 0.026 mg/kg and there were differences in root absorption between Rhizopora sp at station 1 of the Tabobo River mangrove near the PETI disposal and station 2 at the mining industry waste disposal. The concentration of mercury in Telescopium telescopium ranged from 0.08 - 0.15 mg/kg. It is indicates that Telescopium telescopium in Kao Teluk has been contaminated with mercury but is still below the threshold of the quality standard that has been set.
What Makes People Feel Close to Online Groups? The Roles of Group Attributes and Group Types

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Most research assumes that the determinants of members’ feelings of connection to groups are constant across types of groups. The current paper challenges this assumption by assessing members' feelings of affinity toward a large, diverse sample of online groups. 10,567 members of 6,458 Facebook groups reported on their feelings of connection to these groups. Objectively measured group characteristics and features of members' relationship to the groups explained over 16% of the variance in members’ affinity. Being an administrator and being in groups with fewer members, more even communication, and more close friends were the strongest predictors. Half of the independent variables significantly interacted with group type in predicting affinity (e.g., large group size was negatively associated with affinity in task groups and positively associated with affinity in topical groups).
[Malignant non-Hodgkin diffuse lymphoma with extranodal orbital involvement--a clinical case].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We present the case of a 63 years old patient, hospitalized in our Clinic with the suspicion of preseptal cellulitis. The subsequent evolution of the disease required extensive investigations which provide the definitive diagnosis of non-Hodgkin, diffuse B-cell lymphoma, with extranodal orbital involvement. In this case, the treatment of choice it must be systemic chemotherapy.
Creativity as Co-Therapist

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

In Creativity as Co-Therapist, experienced psychotherapist and creativity expert, Lisa Mitchell, bridges the gap between theoretical knowledge and therapeutic application by teaching psychotherapists of all backgrounds to see therapy as their art form. Readers are guided through the five stages of the creative process to help them understand the complexities of approaching their work creatively and to effectively identify areas in which they tend to get stuck when working with clients. Along the way workbook assignments, case studies, personal stories, and hands-on art directives will inspire the reader to think outside the box and build the creative muscles that hold the key to enlivening their work.
Potential Role of Hepatocyte Growth Factor, a Novel Angiogenic Growth Factor, in Peripheral Arterial Disease : Downregulation of HGF in Response to Hypoxia in Vascular Cells

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Although hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), a novel angiogenic growth factor, plays an important role in angiogenesis, regulation of local HGF production under hypoxia has not yet been clarified in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) and endothelial cells (EC). Thus, we have studied the role of HGF in hypoxia-induced endothelial injury and the regulation of local vascular HGF expression in response to hypoxia.