jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Relationship Between Optimism and Peer Support on the Resilience of Adolescents Who Have Lost A Parent

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This study aims to empirically examine the relationship between optimism and peer support on the resilience of adolescents who have lost a parent. Participants were adolescents aged 12-18 who had lost a parent due to the death of one or both (orphans, orphans, orphans). This study used a quantitative correlation method. The sampling technique used was quota sampling, with a sample size of 100 respondents. Data collection tools included resilience scales, optimism scales, and peer support scales. The results of the minor hypothesis analysis on the optimism and resilience variables yielded an rx1y of 0.662 and a p-value of 0.000 (p<0.01), with an effective contribution of 43.8%. This indicates a highly significant positive relationship between optimism and resilience in adolescents who have lost a parent, thus accepting the first hypothesis. The minor hypothesis analysis on the peer support variable and resilience yielded an rx1y of 0.581 and a p-value of 0.000 (p<0.01), with an effective contribution of 33.7%. This indicates a highly significant positive relationship between peer support and resilience in adolescents who have lost a parent, thus accepting the second hypothesis. The correlation coefficient for the three variables, rx12y, was 0.743 and a p-value of 0.000 (p<0.01), with an effective contribution of 55.3%. This indicates that the major hypothesis is accepted, indicating a highly significant relationship between optimism and peer support and resilience in adolescents who have lost a parent.
Multi-cultural, multi-course collaborative project: Learning outcomes and project impact

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

A multi-course collaborative project is an effective way to enhance student learning because it not only facilitates the development of social skills, but also provides students an opportunity to understand the importance of collaboration with people in diverse areas in the industry (Kim, LaFleur, & Schaeffer, 2008). A collaborative project in a multi-cultural setting enhances student learning by exposing students to other cultures and broadening their scope of knowledge and applications (Chen, Hsu, & Caropreso, 2006).
Sense of Coherence Predicts Physical Activity Maintenance and Health-Related Quality of Life: A 3-Year Longitudinal Study on Cardiovascular Patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally. A physically active lifestyle can improve the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of people with CVD. Nevertheless, adherence to a physically active lifestyle is poor. This study examined the longitudinal (pre-event, 6-, 12-, 24-, and 36-month follow-ups) physical activity profiles in 275 patients (mean age = 57.1 years; SD = 7.87; 84% men) after the first acute coronary event. Moreover, it investigated the associations among physical activity, sense of coherence (SOC), and HRQoL. Physical activity profiles were identified through latent class growth analysis, and linear regressions were then performed to explore the association between physical activity, SOC, and HRQoL. After the cardiovascular event, 62% of patients reached adequate physical activity levels and maintained them over time (virtuous profile). The remaining 38% could not implement (23%) or maintain (15%) a healthy behavior. A strong SOC at baseline (standardized β = 0.19, p = 0.002) predicted the probability of belonging to the virtuous profile. Moreover, a strong SOC at baseline (standardized β = 0.27, p < 0.001), together with the probability of belonging to the virtuous profile (standardized β = 0.16, p = 0.031), predicted a better HRQoL at the final follow-up. Findings showed a strong relationship between SOC, the ability to adopt a physically active lifestyle stably over time, and HRQoL in patients with CVD. They suggest the importance of tailoring physical activity interventions by promoting resilience resources such as SOC to improve patients’ quality of life after an acute coronary event.
[The characteristics of the spatial organization of the human EEG in ketamine-altered consciousness].

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Spatial organization of human EEG was studied by means of topographic mapping methods with the multiparametric data estimations in the state altered by ketamine in terms of the concept of coherent structures of brain electrical activity. Two main features of the altered state of consciousness were reflected in the opposite shifts: an increase in the spatial synchronization in the left hemisphere (especially, in the posterior area) and its decrease in the left frontal and right temporal one. The obtained data are discussed from the viewpoint of dissociative effects of ketamine at the neurochemical and neurophysiological levels.
Parallel trade-offs in human cognition and neural networks: The dynamic interplay between in-context and in-weight learning

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Human learning embodies a striking duality: Sometimes, we can rapidly infer and compose logical rules, benefiting from structured curricula (e.g., in formal education), while other times, we rely on an incremental approach or trial-and-error, learning better from curricula that are randomly interleaved. Influential psychological theories explain this seemingly conflicting behavioral evidence by positing two qualitatively different learning systems—one for rapid, rule-based inferences (e.g., in working memory) and another for slow, incremental adaptation (e.g., in long-term and procedural memory). It remains unclear how to reconcile such theories with neural networks, which learn via incremental weight updates and are thus a natural model for the latter, but are not obviously compatible with the former. However, recent evidence suggests that metalearning neural networks and large language models are capable of in-context learning (ICL)—the ability to flexibly infer the structure of a new task from a few examples. In contrast to standard in-weight learning (IWL), which is analogous to synaptic change, ICL is more naturally linked to activation-based dynamics thought to underlie working memory in humans. Here, we show that the interplay between ICL and IWL naturally ties together a broad range of learning phenomena observed in humans, including curriculum effects on category-learning tasks, compositionality, and a trade-off between flexibility and retention in brain and behavior. Our work shows how emergent ICL can equip neural networks with fundamentally different learning properties that can coexist with their native IWL, thus offering an integrative perspective on dual-process theories of human cognition.
AN ANALYSIS OF TRANSLATION PROCEDURES OF EXPRESSIVE UTTERANCES AS FOUND IN ALONG FOR THE RIDE NOVEL FROM ENGLISH TO INDONESIA

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This thesis discusses the translation of expressive utterances found in the novel Along for the Ride by Sarah Dessen that translated into Indonesia. The data are taken from the novel entitled Along for the Ride by Sarah Dessen and the translation version. The writer found 273 utterances that can be categorized as expressive utterances in the novel. After the data is reduced based on the similarity of appearance resulted 164 data and only 25% of the data (41 data) are analyzed in detail in chapter 3. Searle and Austin theory in Kent Bach’s book (1979) is used by the writer in categorizing the expressive utterance. The translation procedure by Newmark (1988) is used in analyzing the translation procedure applied by the translator in the novel. The writer found 12 types of expressive utterance in the novel, which is hoping, thanking, congratulating, apologizing, condole / sympathy, complaining, greeting, protesting, boasting, compliment, agreement and exclamation. The most dominant expressive utterances that frequently appear in this novel are exclamation and compliment utterance. There are seven procedures of translation out of 18 procedures mentioned by Newmark (1988). They are literal translation, cultural equivalent, modulation, reduction, expansion, transposition and transference. Besides, the most dominant procedure used by the translator is literal translation.
Projection of the Vestibular Nerve to the S I Arm Field in the Cerebral Cortex of the Cat

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Evoked cortical focal potentials from electrical vestibular nerve stimulation were recorded in the Pcd-area in cats anaesthetized with Chloralose or Nembutal. For comparison, additional cortical projections were located for n. rad. superficialis and group Ia muscle afferents from n. rad. prof., n. fibularis prof., n. femuralis ramus muscularis and the motor nerve to the trapezoid muscle. Surface positive potentials, which reversed to negativity in middle cortical layers, were for vestibular nerve stimulation recorded in the S I forelimb field in a small area close to Pcd in the posterior medial part of the deep radial nerve projection field. The location of this field is compared with the vestibulo-cortical projections described earlier for rodents, squirrel monkey, and rhesus monkey. The histology shows that the field was within the cytoarchitectonic 3a area.
Legal reform for Syria’s war-affected children: adoption, fostering, and state responsibility in transition

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract The prolonged conflict in Syria has left a devastating legacy for the country’s children, with over 1 million orphaned or abandoned due to violence, displacement, or economic hardship. As Syria enters a transitional phase following the fall of the Assad regime, the legal protection and integration of these children into stable family environments has become an urgent priority. This article examines the challenges and opportunities of legal reform in Syria’s plural family law system with a focus on adoption, foster care, and state responsibility. While Islamic jurisprudence prohibits full adoption (tabannī), Christian personal status laws permit it, yet they remain excluded from jurisdiction over filiation and adoption under Syrian law. Legislative Decree No. 2 of 2023, regulating care for children of unknown filiation, offers only limited solutions: it excludes orphans whose filiation is known and bars non-Muslims from fostering foundlings who are, by legal presumption, considered Muslim. Drawing on legal frameworks from a variety of contemporary Muslim jurisdictions, this article identifies approaches that reconcile religious pluralism with child-centred legal protection. It argues for a comprehensive, inclusive legal framework that incorporates functional equivalents to adoption, addresses guardianship, naming rights, inheritance, and religious identity, and accommodates both domestic and international placements.
Enhancement of Mammographic Features by Optimal Adaptive Neighborhood Image Processing

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

X-ray mammography is the only breast cancer detection technique presently available with proven efficacy. Mammographic detection of early breast cancer requires optimal radiological or image processing techniques. We present an image processing approach based on adaptive neighborhood processing with a new set of contrast enhancement functions to enhance mammographic features. This procedure brings out the features in the image with little or no enhancement of the noise. We also find that adaptive neighborhoods with surrounds whose width is a constant difference from the center yield improved enhancement over adaptive neighborhoods with a constant ratio of surround to center neighborhood widths.
EP04.27: Fetal cardiomegaly caused by massive hemangioma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We observed a case of the 29 year old nulliparous women who was referred to the department of clinical genetics in the 31 week of pregnancy because of a fetal cardiomegaly. She had a history of several miscarriages but without any congenital failures. The fetal cardiomegaly (HA/CA ratio 0,37) with an enlargement of the right ventricule and decreased right ventricule fraction was confirmed. Additionally a large mass with placenta-like echogenicity was found at the left cheek and forehead. Colour Doppler imaging confirmed a massive vascularisation of the tumour. The tumour tissue was prone to pressure. A diagnosis of hemangioma was proposed. Because of a premature rupture of membranes a Caesarean section was performed in the 33 week of gestation. Contrary to a vaginal delivery, the Caesarean section prevented a potential damage of the tumour. Three days after the Caesarean section the tumour was successfully resected and a plastic surgery was applied. Histopathological examination of the tumour confirmed the primary diagnosis of hemangioma. Several days after the tumour resection the cardiomegaly resolved completely.
Charge-transfer Model in Considering the Reactivity of Heteroaromatic Nitriles with the Enolate Anion

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The reactivity of heteroaromatic nitriles with the enolate anion to give the enamino ketones was discussed on the basis of a reaction index calculated by the chargetransfer model and also using the total electron densities. The results were reasonable in interpreting the reaction mechanism.
Quality Matters: The Expulsion of Professors and the Consequences for PhD Student Outcomes in Nazi Germany

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

I investigate the effect of faculty quality on PhD student outcomes.To address the endogeneity of faculty quality I use exogenous variationprovided by the expulsion of mathematics professors in Nazi Germany. Faculty quality is a very important determinant of short- and long-run PhD student outcomes. A one-standard-deviation increase in faculty quality increases the probability of publishing the dissertation ina top journal by 13 percentage points, the probability of becoming a full professor by 10 percentage points, the probability of having positive lifetime citations by 16 percentage points, and the number of lifetime citations by 6.3. (c) 2010 by The University of Chicago. All rights reserved.
An Overview of the Empirical Investigations into the Classification of Power Quality Disturbances

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Stable fundamental frequency and amplitude on electrical power systems are supposed to be. However, different types of disturbances affect negatively these parameters in these systems. These disturbances, collectively known as power quality disturbances (PQDs), encompass a range of phenomena such as sag, interruption, swell, harmonics, flicker, interharmonics, spike, notch, and transient effects. These disturbances may emerge singular or in double or triple combinations in the power system. There are unpredictable and variable different effects on the system components which can lead to destructive results. Real dataset acquisition related to these disturbances is so tough through the randomness and sophisticated structure of the power systems. For that reason, the importance of performing experimental studies to investigate and analyze these disturbances has increased significantly. This study has been gleaned to ensure an important resource to the researchers for the investigation of PQDs. Additionally, the study assures comprehensive guidance, offering researchers insights into the different types of PQDs and their characteristics. With the presentation of the knowledge on these disturbances and their impacts, the study has a purpose to support researchers in their performance to understand and address the challenges led by PQDs. Defining the significance of experimental studies, this compilation consists of some methodologies, experimental setups, and tools employed for PQDs. It acknowledges the requirement for experimental dataset to improve research in this field and highlights the importance of investigations for the PQDs.
Effect of captopril on chronic puromycin aminonucleoside nephrosis in rats.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The effect of captopril, an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, on the progression of chronic puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN) nephrosis was examined. Rats were injected with 15 mg/100 gm body weight PAN and 5 mg/100 gm body weight, on weeks - 1 and 5, respectively. A third group was injected with an equivalent volume of 0.9% saline, intraperitoneally (Group III) on week - 1 and 5. Beginning week 0, group I received 50 mg/kg captopril daily in the drinking water for 12 weeks. Group II received no treatment. Captopril failed to attenuate the peak level of proteinuria induced by the first injection of PAN or to alter the rate of decline of proteinuria when begun 1 week after the PAN injection. However, captopril did blunt the increase in urinary protein excretion following the second injection of PAN (p less than 0.05). Group II became hypertensive compared to Group I on week 8 and 12 and Group III on week 12 (p less than 0.05). Group I and II could not be distinguished on the basis of renal histologic rank (p = 0.80). We conclude that captopril affords some protection against the development of PAN-induced proteinuria, but it does not accelerate the recovery phase when glomerular permselectivity is being regained.
Research performance at the micro level: analysis of structure and dynamics of pharmacological research teams

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Spanish teams in pharmacology were identified using an in-house methodology, and the team structure and its evolution over time were analysed using bibliometric indicators. Geographical distribution of teams was rather irregular; the most productive centres hold the most teams and the largest Comparing years 1986–89 with 1990–93, a high increase in Spanish scientific production in the field was observed, together with a slight upward trend for both scientific collaboration and expected impact factor. An increase over time in the number of active authors in the field, and in the number of research teams were detected No change was observed for team size nor for inter-institutional composition of teams over time, despite both of these being objectives of Spanish science policy measures in the past few years. Copyright , Beech Tree Publishing.
Consequences of Increasing Environmental Complexity in the Water Domain

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The increasing complexity of environmental policy is a result of new and global environmental issues and IT developments. Global environmental impacts seem to result in new forms of governance and practices. This may require new or broader conceptual frameworks. Beside the disturbance chain (DPSIR), a well-structured process of data and information flows is also needed. Water mass and load balances also offer a lot of opportunities and may serve as a basic tool for policy measures, sustainable development or the development of complex indicators. It will be shown that balances relate in a stepwise pattern to a broad and high-level policy, making this process more efficient and effective. This approach is of practical use for integrated water management, although the description of this term should be restricted in favour of new terms dealing explicitly with governance aspects.
Major sport event economic modelling at destination

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Inbound event tourists (IETs) and locals are draw to major events. Their economic impact generates significant effects on regional destinations. This study follows the major sport of auto racing across 2012 and 2013. Motivated IETs travel over 100km to attend the major event, and some attend preferred destination tourism activities. IETs and locals each self-segregate themselves into one of seven behavioural attendance motive groups - each with different spending patterns. Economic impact equations are generated. Economic impacts of individual IETs and local behavioural groups at destination and at the major event show how destination managers (and researchers) can support a major event and focus their regional tourism activities.
EFFECTIVE DESIGN OF P&R SYSTEM IN METROPLOLITAN AREA

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The paper describes a methodological approach and the first result of the designing of the Park & Ride (P&R) system in the metropolitan area. P&R systems with co-modality features have to represent an important part of the new transport policy. Using the experience from American and European projects and the new complex system methodology approach, P&R systems can be developed as a part of urban transport infrastructure. P&R services must be well coordinated with the public transport system (bus and tram lines, light rail system, etc.) in order to minimize the trip times, boarding times and fares and to maximize the frequency of service. In the process of choosing P&R locations, it is necessary to define the type of the P&R system and estimate the user demand. The function of the P&R system locations is to limit traffic flows in the city centre and the surrounding area. Fully functional P&R system depends on well organised public transport system and its accessibility, comfort, speed, accuracy, etc.
The Effect of a Short Course of Tocolytic Indomethacin on Urinary Biomarkers in Premature Infants

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a 2-day prenatal course of indomethacin on the premature kidney as reflected by serum creatinine and urinary biomarkers. Study Design Urine of infants ≤32 weeks was collected for the first 14 days and analyzed for cystatin C, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, osteopontin, β2 microglobulin, epidermal growth factor, uromodulin, and microalbumin. Bivariate analysis compared serum creatinine and biomarkers of exposed (INDO) and unexposed (CONT) subjects. Results Fifty-seven infants (35 CONT and 22 INDO) were studied. The cohorts were similar in gestational age, birthweight, race, gender, nephrotoxic medication exposure, and Apgar's scores. CONT had more dopamine exposure and included more pre-eclamptic mothers (p = 0.005). No difference in creatinine-based acute kidney injury or the log transformed mean, maximum, and minimum values of urinary biomarkers was detected. Conclusion Our findings suggest that a short course of tocolytic indomethacin does not result in neonatal acute kidney injury. Key Points
Co-optimizing Energy, Grid Services and Voltage Support in Networks with Distributed Storage

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents a framework for co-optimization of energy arbitrage, grid (ancillary) services, and network voltage support subject to real world cyberphysical constraints in an electric distribution network with high DER penetration, specifically distributed storage and solar generation. The framework uses a previously introduced 2-layer architecture, which is appropriately modified to minimize excess voltage deviations and total energy cost while simultaneously maximizing profit from participation in frequency regulation and ramping services. The global controller handles resource scheduling and grid service disaggregation while respecting network constraints. Each local controller attempts to maximize arbitrage profit while following the load profile and grid service schedule dictated by the global controller. Simulations using a benchmark distribution network show that: (i) the performance of the proposed controller is close to that of a perfect foresight controller and better than an opportunistic controller that does not plan for grid service events, (ii) the controller behaves as expected with the price signals, and (iii) it performs effectively across a wide range of solar and storage penetrations and configurations.