jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Mechanistic investigations of a recombinant laccase from Thermus thermophilus HB27

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Laccases belong to the family of multicopper oxidases (MCOs) that couple oxidn. of a wide spectrum of substrates to the four-electron redn. of dioxygen (O_2) to water. Laccases typically contain four copper ion sites arranged in two centers: one type 1 blue copper center and one trinuclear cluster (TNC) consisting of one type 2 copper and a binuclear type 3 copper pair. Dioxygen binding, activation, and redn. are believed to proceed at the TNC with electrons delivered from the type 1 site. The precise mechanism of coupling O_2 redn. to substrate oxidn. is a subject of considerable fundamental and technol. significance. Of particular interest is the mechanism by which laccases oxidize refractory substrates such as phenols and lignin. To gain deeper insight into laccase catalysis, we have cloned the gene for a recombinant multicopper oxidase from the hyperthermophilic bacterium Thermus thermophilus HB27 (Tth-MCO), and expressed the enzyme as a 6Histagged protein in Escherichia coli. Several mutants of the recombinant enzyme have been prepd. by sitedirected mutagenesis and investigated using various structural and spectroscopic techniques. Our recent results \non the reaction pathways and intermediates involved in the enzymic reaction will be discussed.
Plasma miR-378a as a novel biomarker for the early detection of colon cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Prognosis and treatment outcomes of colon cancer (CC) patients are poor due to the limitations of the current early diagnostic techniques. Recently, innovations in liquid biopsy technology have inspired research into identifying early peripheral blood-based diagnostic markers for CC. Objective: The objectives of the study are to evaluate the potential of plasma miR-378a as a diagnostic biomarker for early CC. Methods: In this study, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was used to measure plasma miR-378a levels in CC patients, patients with colon polyps (CPs), and healthy controls (HCs). The study included 94 CC patients (56 males, 38 females; age range 35 &ndash; 82 years, mean age 57.7 &plusmn; 10.1 years) and 65 patients with CPs (40 males, 25 females; age range 42 &ndash; 91 years, mean age 63.0 &plusmn; 11.4 years), including 24 adenomatous polyps, 15 inflammatory polyps, 12 hamartomatous polyps, 14 hyperplastic polyps, and 45 HCs. The correlation between miR-378a and clinicopathology features was analyzed, and diagnostic value of miR-378a in each group was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Results: CC patients had significantly lower plasma miR-378a levels compared to patients with CPs (p<0.0001) and HCs (p=0.0018). miR-378a levels were significantly correlated with TNM stage, tumor size, and lymph node metastasis (p<0.05). ROC curve analysis illustrated strong diagnostic discriminative power of miR-378a for CC and CPs, with an area under the curve of 0.8202 (95% confidence interval: 0.7528 &ndash; 0.8876), sensitivity of 89.36%, and specificity of 66.15%. Conclusion: These findings suggest that plasma miR-378a may serve as a potential biomarker for early diagnosis of CC.
The nature of respiration noise and its multifractal properties

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Using a conventional and original technique of recording normal human vesicular and tracheal respiration noise and their fractal analysis, it has been established that noise has a multifractal character and the nature of the occurrence of vesicular and tracheal noise is different. It is been demonstrated that vesicular noise occurs as a result of expansion-contraction deformation of the lung parenchyma during act of respiration, and tracheal noise, as is known, occurs due to pressure pulsations on the internal surface of the trachea caused by nonstationary airflow in the glottal zone.
A Synthesis of RGD Model Cyclic Peptide by Palladium-Catalyzed Carbonylative Macrolactamization

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Cyclic peptidic RGD models were efficiently synthesized by Pd(P(t-Bu)3)2-catalyzed carbonylative macrolactamization in the presence of 4 A molecular sieves under 10 atm of carbon monoxide.
Control of vortex breakdown by addition of near-axis swirl

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

We present a new method for controlling vortex breakdown (VB) via addition of co- or counter-rotation near the axis. Co-rotation is adequate to totally suppress VB, whereas counter-rotation increases the number and size of VB “bubbles” and makes the flow unsteady. We study these effects in a closed cylindrical container, in which a rotating end disc drives the base flow; an independently rotating central rod (with rod radius≪disk radius) is employed to control VB. This flow, being free of ambient disturbances, is well suited for understanding both the VB mechanism and its control; the present work appears to be the first to study VB control. We develop and explain our control strategy using flow visualization and simple analytical reasoning. Our results suggest that an additional co- or counter-rotation, applied near the vortex axis, can be effective in suppressing or enhancing VB in practical flows.
Guidelines for endoscopic submucosal dissection and endoscopic mucosal resection for early gastric cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In response to the rapid and wide acceptance and use of endoscopic treatments for early gastric cancer, the Japan Gastroenterological Endoscopy Society (JGES), in collaboration with the Japanese Gastric Cancer Association (JGCA), has produced ‘Guidelines for ESD and EMR for Early Gastric Cancer’, as a set of basic guidelines in accordance with the principles of evidence‐based medicine. These Guidelines cover the present state of knowledge and are divided into the following seven categories: Indications, Preoperative diagnosis, Techniques, Evaluation of curability, Complications, Long‐term postoperative surveillance, and Histology. Twenty‐three statements were finally accepted as guidelines, and the majority of these were obtained from descriptive studies with lower evidence levels. A number of statements had to be created by consensus (the lowest evidence level), as evidence levels remain low for many specific areas in this field.
Heat Capacity Mapping Mission 1978 - 1980

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The Heat Capacity Mapping Mission (HCMM) was an experimental satellite program that observed thermal conditions on the Earths surface either during the day or at night. The mission was the first of a series of NASA Applications Explorer Missions (AEM-A). Day/night coverage over a given area occurred at intervals ranging from 12 to 36 hours with a 16-day repeat cycle. The satellite was operational from April 1978 to September 1980. The initial orbit of 620 km was lowered to 540 km in February 1980. Coverage includes parts of the United States, Canada, Europe, Africa, and Australia. The source data were transmitted to seven ground stations and stored on binary magnetic tape. Copies of the original data were made on High Density Tapes and on black-and-white film. The HCMM source data on tape are no longer readable. Approximately 2,700 processed digital scenes were successfully recovered from a set of tapes that had been migrated to more modern media. The only full set of HCMM data that remain are on black-and-white film. The film images have been scanned on photogrammetric quality equipment, making the data available in digital format. Since the data could be of historical value for global change research, the images have been made accessible to the scientific community through EarthExplorer. The collection includes approximately 48,000 scenes that were registered to a Hotine Oblique Mercator projection. The HCMM Radiometer operated with two channels. The first detected visible to near infrared (0.55-1.1 micrometers) radiation and the second detected thermal infrared (10.5-12.5 micrometers) radiation. The HCMM collection consists of day visible, day thermal infrared, night infrared, temperature difference, and apparent thermal inertia images. The temperature difference and apparent thermal inertia are approximations derived from radiometer measurements. More information on the conversion formulas for apparent thermal inertia can be found in the Heat Capacity Mapping Mission Anthology. HCMM nomenclature refers to the visible to near infrared channel as Vis and the thermal infrared channel as IR. The scenes are designated as Day-Vis, Day-IR, Night-IR, Temp-Diff, or Thermal-I. The spatial resolution is approximately 500 meters for the visible channel, 600 meters for the thermal channel, and 600 meters for the calculated data.
Brief analysis of internet-aided english majors information query and translation study

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Based on the data from the English Majors network-assisted translation and learning in Dezhou University, by employing the questionnaire survey, this paper makes a careful analysis about the assistance of the network from multi-level perspective. According to my related survey, the network has become indispensable in students learning, and however the teachers' guidance and supervision are much needed for the proper and effective use of network-assisted learning.
Pieter Smoor: Kings and bedouins in the palace of Aleppo as reflected in Ma'rris's works. (Journal of Semitic Studies. Monograph, No. 8) XI, 225 pp. Manchester: University of Manchester, 1985.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Pieter Smoor: Kings and bedouins in the palace of Aleppo as reflected in Ma'rris's works. (Journal of Semitic Studies. Monograph, No. 8) XI, 225 pp. Manchester: University of Manchester, 1985. - Volume 50 Issue 3
In Silico DISCOVERY OF NOVEL HEPATITIS C VIRUS P7-TRANSACTIVATED PROTEIN1INHIBITOR BY USING STRUCTURE-BASED VIRTUAL SCREENING

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infection is a serious cause of chronic liver disease worldwide with more than 170 million infected individuals at a risk of developing significant morbidity and mortality.Till date there is no effective drug for the treatment or vaccine to prevent this infection.The present study aims in discovering novel inhibitors which target an allosteric binding site of P7-transactivated Protein1 of HCV.Virtual screening uses computer-based methods to discover new ligands on the basis of biological structures.A structure based virtual screening of Zinc database by computational docking and the post docking analysis of energy calculations and interactions followed by ADMET studies were conducted.The approach adopted was receptorbased.Docking screens, guided with contact pharmacophores and neural-network activity prediction models on all allosteric binding sites and MD simulations, constituted our analysis workflow for identification of potential hits.Steps included: 1) Using two phases docking screen with moe and Glide Xp programs, 2) Ranking based on scores, and important H interactions.From the final hits, we selected best 10 compounds for further anti-HCV activity and cellular cytotoxicity assay.All 10 compounds have more potential to be 104 MAHMOUD EL HEFNAWI et al. considered as lead compoundsto inhibit ion channel activity of p7 with docking score and binding energy (E_score) values ranging from -16.5087 to -15.8089 and all these compounds displayed no cellular cytotoxicity.Finally, 10 hit compounds of different scaffolds having interactions with important active site residues were predicted as lead candidates.These candidates having unique scaffolds have a strong likelihood to act as further starting points in the optimization and development of novel and potent p7 ion channel inhibitors.
Kirkjubømúrurin: R011

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Sligin basalt steinur úr Kirkjubømúrinum, partur av steinasavninum hjá Tjóðsavninum. *English:* Carved basalt stone from Kirkjubømúrinum (The Saint Magnus Cathedral), in storage at Tjóðsavnið. Dimension: 20 x 28 x 18 cm. Created by Petur Hansen, using Artec space spider scanner and Artec Studio 15. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Development of Two-Dimentional Geometry Module based on APOS Theory for 4th Grader Students

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This study aims to produce two-dimentional geometri module based on the APOS theory for 4 th grader students is valid and feasible. This research method is research and development (R&D) using a 4D development model (define, design, develop, and disseminate). However, in this study, the 3-D development was modified, namely the disseminate stage was not carried out due to limited time, energy, and cost in carrying out this research. The subject of this research is the 4 th grader of Semarang State Islamic Elementary School (MIN Semarang). Based on the results of the study, it was found that (1) module assessment by material and media expert the quality of the module quality by material and media expert validators is in the very good category with a value of 4,7 and 4,4. (2) Student learning outcomes from field trials obtained an average of 79,8 with a completeness level of 78.6%. It can be concluded that the product of two-dimentional geometri module based on the APOS theory is valid and feasible for use in learning
Towards an Effective ICT-based University Learning

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The principles and practices of university learning are being subject to critical reconsideration from new approaches to adult teaching and a growing use of information and communication technologies (ICTs). ICTs in adult learning have an ambivalent effect. On the one hand, they offer potential improvement in on-line communicative activities and the transmission of codified or explicit knowledge. On the other hand, they can reduce socially- and interactive-mediated tacit teaching and learning. Thus, the crucial criterion for effective and complementary use of ICTs in adult andragogy is whether they enable time and interactive social space for the tacit dimension of teaching and learning. This chapter analyzes these issues by comparing how two young universities in Spain have dealt with these effects of ICTs in relation to the tacit and interaction challenging dimensions of learning and teaching.
Automated classroom monitoring with connected visioning system

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Internet of Things (IoT) with the concept of integrating connectivity, sensors, data analysis and decision making in an underlying framework has ease many real world problems. In this work, we study the application of IoT for education purpose. Student's behavior and performance in the class is always the main concern of every educator. The instructors are responsible to ensure the smoothness of the classroom activities alongside with monitoring the students' attendance, attention, and activities like entering or leaving the classroom. Manual observation on these could affect the teaching and learning process and causes the distraction from the main syllabus. With the incorporation of IoT devices and computational algorithms such as computer vision techniques, machine learning and data analysis, it can ease the monitoring task and the analysis of students' performance in the class. In advance, it can perform automated real-time observation on the student's behavior through network and react immediately to critical situation if necessary. Nonetheless, the students' long- term performance can be recorded and the data can be used for continuous assessment in the future. In this work, we propose an IoT framework that focused on three analysis modules: face recognition, motion analysis, and behaviour understanding to effectively perform classroom monitoring tasks such as taking attendance, identify entering and leaving activities and analyse the students concentration level.
Modeling of Personalized Treatments in Colon Cancer Based on Preclinical Genomic and Drug Sensitivity Data

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The current standard therapies for advanced, recurrent or metastatic colon cancer are the 5-fluorouracil and oxaliplatin or irinotecan schedules (FOxFI) +/− targeted drugs cetuximab or bevacizumab. Treatment with the FOxFI cytotoxic chemotherapy regimens causes significant toxicity and might induce secondary cancers. The overall low efficacy of the targeted drugs seen in colon cancer patients still is hindering the substitution of the chemotherapy. The ONCOTRACK project developed a strategy to identify predictive biomarkers based on a systems biology approach, using omics technologies to identify signatures for personalized treatment based on single drug response data. Here, we describe a follow-up project focusing on target-specific drug combinations. Background for this experimental preclinical study was that, by analyzing the tumor growth inhibition in the PDX models by cetuximab treatment, a broad heterogenic response from complete regression to tumor growth stimulation was observed. To provide confirmation of the hypothesis that drug combinations blocking alternatively activated oncogenic pathways may improve therapy outcomes, 25 models out of the well-characterized ONCOTRACK PDX panel were subjected to treatment with a drug combination scheme using four approved, targeted cancer drugs.
SIREN: Scaling Ion-Traps by REquiring iNnovative Heterogenous Integration

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The SIREN (Scaling Ion Traps by Requiring iNnovative heterogenous integration) project explores the feasibility of heterogeneous integration (HI) as a transformative approach to scaling ion traps, a critical technology for advancing quantum computers and atomic clocks. Traditional ion trap architectures face significant challenges in scalability due to limitations in optical access, fabrication techniques, and material constraints. SIREN addresses these challenges by leveraging HI, which combines different materials and fabrication processes to create more complex and efficient ion trap structures. HI integrated structures can be manufactured without compromising the process to maintain compatibility to ion traps. This project focuses on integrating a separately fabricated waveguide with a fully functional ion trap. The respective alignment between the pieces needs to be accurate to less than 2 µm to ensure that the light from the waveguide can overlap with the trapping region. The fine alignment must also be maintained through an ultra-high vacuum bake, a critical step in preparing an ion trap experiment. The project's outcomes suggest that heterogeneous integration is a promising pathway for overcoming current scalability barriers, paving the way for the next generation of quantum technologies. SIREN's findings contribute significantly to the field, offering a scalable solution that could accelerate the development of practical quantum computers and highly accurate atomic clocks.
Laboratory and Field Evaluation of Crystallized DOW 704 Oil on the Performance of the Well Impactor Ninety-Six Fine Particulate Matter Fractionator

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Subsequent to the 1997 promulgation of the Federal Reference Method (FRM) for monitoring fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in ambient air, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) received reports that the DOW 704 diffusion oil used in the method's Well Impactor Ninety-Six (WINS) fractionator would occasionally crystallize during field use, particularly under wintertime conditions. Although the frequency of occurrence on a nationwide basis was low, uncertainties existed as to whether crystallization of the DOW 704 oil may adversely affect a sampling event's data quality. In response to these concerns, EPA and the State of Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection jointly conducted a series of specialized tests to determine whether crystallized oil adversely affected the performance of the WINS fractionator. In the laboratory, an experimental setup used dry ice to artificially induce crystallization of the diffusion oil under controlled conditions. Using primary polystyrene latex calibration aerosols, standard size-selective performance tests of the WINS fractionator showed that neither the position nor the shape of the WINS particle size fractionation curve was substantially influenced by the crystallization of the DOW 704 oil. No large particle bounce from the crystallized impaction surface was observed. During wintertime field tests, crystallization of the DOW 704 oil did not adversely affect measured PM2.5 concentrations. Regression of measurements with crystallized DOW 704 versus liquid dioctyl sebacate (DOS) oil produced slope, intercept, and R2 values of 0.98, 0.1, and 0.997 microg/m3, respectively. Additional field tests validated the use of DOS as an effective impaction substrate. As a result of these laboratory and field tests, DOS oil has been approved by EPA as a substitute for DOW 704 oil. Since the field deployment of DOS oil in 2001, users of this alternative oil have not reported any operational problems associated with its use in the PM2.5 FRM. Limited field evaluation of the BGI very sharp cut cyclone indicates that it provides a viable alternative to the WINS fractionator.
Dataset for "Deoxyriboadenine dinucleotide monophosphate as a simple model for structural and dynamic aspects of DNA 'breathing' in duplex DNA"

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Data and codes corresponding to the manuscript titled "Deoxyriboadenine dinucleotide monophosphate as a simple model for structural and dynamic aspects of DNA 'breathing' in duplex DNA," including trajectories, CD and solvent orientation data, and analysis codes, including Jupyter Notebooks. A complete description is available in the README.txt file within the zipped folder.
The evolution of pelvic endoprosthetic reconstruction after tumor resection

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract: The megaprosthesis is designed to reproduce the form and function of a removed large segment of pelvis. Slow but substantial improvements in the design and surgical implementation of these devices have advanced the capacity to restore patients' functional abilities. The essential challenges in pelvic reconstruction using endoprostheses include modularity, early stability, biocompatibility, biomechanical compatibility, and durable fixation; these can, ideally, be overcome by osseointegration of the interface and adapting to the physiological condition. The history of pelvic megaprostheses presents unique concepts distinct from those related to other extremities, and improvements that have been made over the past decades will guide the future development of new pelvic endoprostheses. In this review, we try to present the evolution of the pelvic megaprosthesis, focusing on the design style, biomechanical advancement, and the recent development of 3D-printing technology that promise better results and fewer complications. General orthopedic surgeons can also benefit from a general update in this specific area.