jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Impact Tensile Properties of Bolt/Nut Assembly.

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A quasi-static tensile test and impact tensile tests (tensile speeds: 2 m / s, 5 m / s, 10 m / s) were carried out on hexagon bolts and nuts, and the effect of strain rate on the impact tensile properties were investigated. The actual tensile speed was calculated from the stroke-time diagram obtained from the test results, and the strain rate was calculated by dividing the thread length by the actual tensile speed. Comparing the tensile strength of the quasi-static tensile test with that of the impact tensile test, the tensile strength increased by 8% at 1.9 × 102 /s, 30% at 6.6 × 102 /s, and 51% at 1.1 × 103 /s. It was also found that the elongation increases only when the strain rate is 1.9 × 102 /s. It was also confirmed that the macro fracture surface changed from a cup and cone shape to a shear shape. From the macro observation of the fracture surface, a large amount of unevenness was formed at the center of the fracture surface, and a fibrous fracture surface was formed at the outer edge of the fracture surface. SEM observation of the fracture surface revealed that equiaxed dimples and elongated dimples mixed at the center of the fracture surface, and elongated dimples were dominant at the outer edge of the fracture surface.
Dietary cardamom inhibits the formation of azoxymethane-induced aberrant crypt foci in mice and reduces COX-2 and iNOS expression in the colon.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Recently, considerable attention has been focused on identifying naturally occurring chemopreventive compounds capable of inhibiting, retarding, or reversing the multi-step carcinogenesis. The primary aim of the present study was to identify the effects of a commonly consumed spice, viz., cardamom against azoxymethane (AOM) induced colonic aberrant crypt foci (ACF) in Swiss Albino mice. The secondary aim, was to explore the ability of cardamom to modulate the status of proliferation and apoptosis, and to understand its role in altering cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression. Male Swiss albino mice were injected with AOM (dose: 5mg/Kg body weight) or saline (Group 1) weekly once for two weeks. The AOM-injected mice were randomly assigned to two groups (Groups 2 and 3). While all the groups were on standard lab chow, Group 3 received oral doses of 0.5% cardamom, in aqueous suspension, daily for 8 weeks. Following treatment, significant reduction in the incidences of aberrant crypt foci (p<0.05) was observed. This reduction in ACF was accompanied by suppression of cell proliferation (mean Brdu LI in carcinogen control =13.91+/-3.31, and 0.5% cardamom =2.723+/-0.830) and induction of apoptosis (mean AI in carcinogen control=1.547+/-0.42 and 0.5% cardamom = 6.61+/-0.55). Moreover, reduction of both COX-2 and iNOS expression was also observed. These results suggest that aqueous suspensions of cardamom have protective effects on experimentally induced colon carcinogenesis. Cardamom as a whole and its active components require further attention if the use of this spice is to be recommended for cancer prevention.
Two heads of myosin are better than one for generating force and motion

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Several classes of the myosin superfamily are distinguished by their “double-headed” structure, where each head is a molecular motor capable of hydrolyzing ATP and interacting with actin to generate force and motion. The functional significance of this dimeric structure, however, has eluded investigators since its discovery in the late 1960s. Using an optical-trap transducer, we have measured the unitary displacement and force produced by double-headed and single-headed smooth- and skeletal-muscle myosins. Single-headed myosin produces approximately half the displacement and force (≈6 nm; 0.7 pN) of double-headed myosin (≈10 nm; 1.4 pN) during a unitary interaction with actin. These data suggest that muscle myosins require both heads to generate maximal force and motion.
Creating a Career Culture: Connection and Collaboration

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Changes in the career landscape require commensurate revisions in career development (CD) to ensure it meets the needs of both employees and employers in this era of multidimensional career paths. Drawing on a model from the past, we propose building a strong career culture based on the relational approach to CD. Implementing a relational strategy can save money and stretch resources, but it requires practitioners to take on new roles and responsibilities. We describe those roles and provide examples of three relational CD initiatives.
Thermodynamic Considerations for Eliminating Ni and Zn from Molten Copper by Na<SUB>2</SUB>CO<SUB>3</SUB>-Base Slag

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Considering the application of sodium carbonate slag to the elimination of Ni and Zn from molten copper, thermodynamic properties of NaO0.5–CO2–XO slag (X: Ni or Zn) and Cu–Zn–O melt have been investigated by conducting the following measurements.(1) Solubilities of NiO(s) and ZnO(s) into sodium carbonate melts at 1323 to 1523 K under various partial pressures of CO2 and oxygen. From the results obtained, the equilibrium phase relationship of the slags were determined.(2) Electrochemical measurements of activities of NaO0.5 and Na(CO3)0.5 in the (solid+liquid) coexistence region to confirm the dissolution mechanism of NiO and ZnO into Na2CO3 melt.(3) Equilibrium distribution experiments of Ni and Zn between the homogeneous liquid slags and copper to determine the activities of NiO and ZnO.(4) Equilibrium experiments between Cu–Zn–O melt and ZnO(s) were also conducted at 1523 K and the first order interaction parameter of Zn with respect to O in molten copper was determined as:εOZn=−106(1523 K).Finally based on the results, the equilibrium distribution ratios of these elements between the slags and the molten copper have been estimated as a function of partial pressures of CO2 and oxygen at 1523 K.
Comparing Perceptions of Conflict Mediation Strategies between School Administrators and Non-Administrators

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Prior research has explored the impact of conflict mediation practices in schools, regarding students' perceptions, but existing research has not examined how principals and other school staff members perceive these practices. Given the significant shift away from zero tolerance and towards more restorative practices such as conflict mediation, the current study seeks to examine if school administrators and non-administrators differ in their perceptions of the value of conflict mediation, perceptions of existing conflict mediation skills, and perceptions of the effects of current practices on school climate, as perceptions can influence how information is applied. As these two groups have their own distinct interactions with students, it is hypothesized that they will have differing opinions regarding the instruction and implementation of these conflict mediation techniques. Data were collected from 150 school staff members (108 administrators, 42 non-administrators) from the School District of Philadelphia prior to a professional development training; participants completed a survey assessing perceptions of conflict mediation. School staff were categorized post hoc as administrators or non-administrators based on their self-identification within the survey. A chi-square analysis and three separate multivariate analysis of variance were conducted. Analyses revealed that the two groups did not differ in their experience with conflict mediation, perceptions of the value of conflict mediation, perceptions of their existing mediation skills, or perceptions of the effects of the current practices on school climate. Therefore, school administrators and non-administrators can continue to receive the same training, as long as they maintain similar perceptions regarding these strategies. These findings have implications for current practices, both in terms of designing future mediation trainings, as well as applying these skills within schools.
Incidence, Seasonality and Comorbidity in Vestibular Neuritis (P6.283)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

OBJECTIVE: Aims of the present study were: 1) to assess the incidence of VN in the adult population in two cities in Croatia, 2) to identify distribution of new VN cases in the different months and seasons by years, and 3) to identify comorbidities associated with VN.
BACKGROUND: An annual incidence of vestibular neuritis approximating 3.5 cases per 100,000 persons was previously reported, but further literature on the subject is lacking. As well, the association of vestibular vertigo with strong stroke risk factors suggest a different etiology in selected (older) populations.
DESIGN/METHODS: This is a prospective, population-based study conducted in the cities of Zagreb and Velika Gorica, Croatia in the 2011-2012 period. All diagnoses were confirmed either with caloric test or vestibular evoked myogenic potentials within 7 days of symptom onset. Following clinical parameters were collected from all patients: age, gender, side of the lesion, month and season of symptoms onset and comorbidities.
RESULTS: We identified 79 new cases of VN (34 in 2011, 45 in 2012). The male to female ratio was 1.1:1. The mean age at the onset of the disease was 52.3 (range 20-86) years. The average annual incidence was 11.7 per 100,000 (95% CI 7,8 - 15,6) in the 2011 period and 15.5 per 100,000 (95% CI 11,0 - 20,0) in the 2012 period. For both years there was no statistically significant uneven distribution in the different months or seasons by years. The most frequent comorbidities present in VN patients were hypertension (30.4%), diabetes mellitus (8.9%), hyperlipidemia (7.5%) and hypothyreosis (6.3%).
CONCLUSIONS: Our study has shown higher incidence of VN than previously reported. We have found no evidence of seasonality of VN and significant proportion of VN patients older than 50 years who had vascular risk factors present. Disclosure: Dr. Adamec has nothing to disclose. Dr. Krbot has nothing to disclose. Dr. Habek has nothing to disclose.
Complementary bimodal approach to monitoring of photodynamic therapy with targeted nanoconstructs: numerical simulations

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We propose a new approach to monitoring photodynamic therapy (PDT) of glioblastoma with the use of targeted nanoconstructs containing a photosensitiser (PS) [benzoporphyrin derivative (BPD)] and IRDye800 dye, antibodies for efficient accumulation of the drug in a tumour, and a chemotherapeutic agent for combined effect on tumour cells. Application of IRDye800 is determined by the shift of its absorption and fluorescence spectra to the near-IR range with respect to BPD that ensures a higher imaging depth. Monitoring of PDT is based on the simultaneous fluorescence and optoacoustic (OA) imaging. Fluorescence imaging provides visualisation of fluorescence agents with high molecular sensitivity and monitoring of the effectiveness of PDT by PS photobleaching. OA allows one to examine the vascular pattern of the tumour environment, as well as assess the depth of the tumour. IRDye800 is a better contrast agent in comparison to BPD due to red-shifted spectral characteristics and a higher fluorescence quantum yield. Monte Carlo simulations combined for OA simulations with K-wave modelling allowed the feasibility of the complementary approach to be studied and demonstrated that this combination allows one to localise a tumour with a size of 2 mm at depths from 100 μm to 2 mm.
Effects of row spacing on diseases, herbicide persistence, and qualitative characteristics of peanut

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Field and greenhouse studies were conducted to assess the effects of row-spacing on diseases, weed control, herbicide persistence and plant development in peanut. Tebuconazole, when averaged across cultivars and row spacing, effectively controlled white mold (57%) and rust (58%). Azoxystrobin also controlled white mold (58%) and controlling rust (44%). Both fungicides reduced leaf spot severity in the conventional and twin rows when compared to untreated plots. Twin rows showed a 10% yield increase compared to the conventional planting. Both diclosulam and imazapic, when applied to twin rows at the full and reduced rate, provided better yellow nutsedge control than when applied to the conventional row. Twin rows yielded higher than the conventional rows when averaged across herbicides in one year. All full rate herbicide treatments enhanced yield over the untreated check. Diclosulam and imazapic treated soil sampled 60 DAP adversely affected all four crops. The advantage of planting peanuts in twin rows to reduce diclosulam and imazapic residual concentrations was not apparent. Georgia Green and Tamrun 96 planted in twin rows at three of the four locations in 1999 and 2000 yielded higher than peanuts planted in conventional rows. Yields were comparable to twin-row spacings that had higher plant densities. Georgia Green and Tamrun 96 planted in conventional rows, in most cases, had higher yields than narrow-rows. Measurements for plant diameter, pod distribution, and main stem length were higher with Tamrun 96 at most row spacings and planting densities compared to the respective Georgia Green planting densities and row spacings. Both cultivars when planted in twin or narrow rows at all planting densities did not enhance maturity when sampled late season. Georgia Green and Tamrun 96 when planted in conventional rows had the most pods/plant compared to the narrow and twin row spacing. No clear evidence was found to suggest that peanuts grown in narrow or twin rows increased white mold disease incidence. Grades for Georgia Green were higher than Tamrun 96 when planted in twin rows at the standard planting density. Tamrun 96 in twin rows at the standard planting density had a higher grade than when planted in conventional rows at the low planting density.
The Effects of MBO on Performance and Satisfaction in a Public Sector Organization

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This field study examined the effets of MBO on measures of quantity and quality' of performance and satisfaction with the work and supervision among employees in a human services agency. Although not all the quantity measures improved significant/,} the (combined measure for quantity of performance and one of two quality measures showed significant improvement following implementation of MBO. Satisfaction with supervision also significantly improved but not satisfaction with work. The study lends support to the use of MBO in public sector organizations.
Effects of goat grazing on maquis-type shrublands

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The majority of Mediterranean shrublands are typical evergreen sclerophyllous shrub ecosystems, known as maquis. These areas are characterized by low wood productivity, but they play a significant role in terms of biodiversity, land conservation and protection from erosion, while undoubtedly provide forage to domestic animals, especially goats. The effect of three different grazing intensities on shrubland productivity, shrub cover, and species diversity was explored in a typical maquis shrubland of northern Greece. It was found that the total shrubland production, live shrub cover and shrub richness were significantly decreased with grazing, while under moderate grazing intensity, the annual shrub production attained its maximal value.
The Notion of Risk in Economics Revisited in the Light of Arab-Muslim Classical Literature نحو إعادة النظر في مفهوم المخاطرة في الاقتصاد في ضوء الأدبيات العربية والإسلامية التقليدية

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The aim of this study is to show how Arab-Muslim societies, from Indonesia to Andalusia, did not wait for the modern era in order to learn how to live with risk. Rather, they developed codes of conduct, modes of thinking and moral values. At first sight, the main issue of the notion of risk that emerged in the light of classical Arab-Muslim literature lies in distinguishing between two types of risk: that associated with the real economy and linked to common goods and trade; and that which is associated with gambling and speculation. Taking risk is generally encouraged if it is bound to serve the productive economy from which everyone will benefit. It is, however, prohibited to take such a risk should it feed a game where a person’s gain is obtained at the expense of another. From our analysis, it appears that the notion of risk is not confined to the legal approach or the question of a probabilistic computation of uncertainty which characterizes the modernist approach to risk. This broader definition of risk opens-up the perspective to field studies incorporating notions such as vulnerability developed by some Muslim travelers. Our analysis also emphasizes the importance of studying historical manuscripts to explore alternative notions of risk. يهدف هذا البحث إلى بيان أنّ المجتمعات العربيّة والمسلمة - من إندونيسيا إلى الأندلس - لم تنتظر ما يوسم بالحداثة لمعرفة كيفية التعامل مع الخطر؛ بل وضعت لأجل ذلك قواعد سلوكية، وأساليب للتفكير، وقيم أخلاقية، طُوِّرت على مرّ الأزمان. من الوهلة الأولى يظهر أن المبحث الرئيس لمفهوم المخاطرة ينحصر في الأدبيات العربية والإسلامية الكلاسيكية في التمييز بين شكلين من المخاطرة: يرتبط الأول منهما بالأنشطة التي تخدم الاقتصاد الحقيقي، والثاني بالقمار والمجازفة. فيتم تشجيع المخاطرة إذا كانت تخدم الاقتصاد الإنتاجي الذي ينتفع منه جميع أفراد المجتمع، بينما يتم تحريمها في القمار الذي يربح فيه طرف على حساب طرف آخر. يظهر من خلال هذا البحث أن مفهوم المخاطرة في ضوء هذه الأدبيات لا ينحصر في المقاربة الفقهية، كما يتعدى مسألة العد الاحتمالي لعدم التأكد الذي يـُميِّز المقاربة المعاصرة للمخاطرة. هذا التعريف الأوسع للمخاطر يفتح المجال للدراسات الميدانية التي ترتكز على مفاهيم مثل قابلية التعرض للأذى التي أشار إليها بعض الرحالة المسلمين. ويظهر أيضا من خلال هذا البحث أهمية العناية بالمخطوطات في استكشاف مفاهيم بديلة للمخاطرة، وهي تُمثّل كنزاً من كنوز المعرفة التي لا تُقدّر بثمن.
Law of persons and family law

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The Civil Union Act 17 of 2006 came into operation on 30 November 2006, following the Constitutional Court's decision in Minister of Home Affairs v Fourie; Lesbian & Gay Equality Project v Minister of Home Affairs 2006 (1) SA 524 (CC), 2006 (3) BCLR 355 which held that the common law definition of marriage as embodied in the Marriage Act of 25 of 1961 was inconsistent with the Constitution because it unfairly discriminated against same-sex couples, who were unable to enjoy the status, benefits and responsibilities which flow from a recognised heterosexual marriage. The court gave Parliament 12 months to correct the legal defect and to provide for the legal recognition of same-sex marriages (para 162).
Infectious endarteritis associated with patent ductus arteriosus and vegetation: a challenging diagnosis and treatment

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A 42-year-old female presented with intermittent fever for 1 month. On physical examination, a continuous systolic murmur could be heard in the second left intercostal space. Laboratory test results revealed neutrophilic leucocytosis and elevated C-reactive protein levels. Blood cultures suggested positive findings of methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus, final clinical diagnosis of infective endocarditis based on modified Duke criteria. Transthoracic echocardiography showed patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) and large vegetation with the size of 1.3 × 0.8 cm attached to the pulmonary arterial wall near the orifice of the duct (Panel A). Colour Doppler flow imaging showed the shunt from the aorta to the pulmonary artery (PA), with a velocity of 5.2 m/s and a pressure difference of 108 mmHg (Panel B). Cardiac computed tomography angiography confirmed the presence of a tubular-type PDA associated with a strand-like vegetation located on the PA end of the ductus (Panels C and D). The patient underwent pulmonary angioplasty, resection of the vegetation, and ligation of PDA under cardiopulmonary bypass successfully. Postoperative pathology suggested the PA wall was associated with infective endarteritis (Panels E and F). The postoperative course was uneventful and discharged after 7 days.
Business Groups Affiliation and Long-Term Borrowing from Internal Networks: An Empirical Study

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This paper investigates the role of internal networks on long-term borrowing in large business groups.In line with the network-assisted resource-based hypothesis, our findings suggest that firms associated with big business groups tend to use their internal networks for raising long-term borrowings.These findings indicate that an association with a business group increases the ease of access to debt capital within their internal networks.
RETINOID INHIBITS KERATIN FORMATION OF PIG SKIN EXPLANTS

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Using a pig explant culture system, the effects of retinoids on keratin formation in pig epidermal cells were studied. The SDS‐PAGE patterns of keratin extracted from the outgrowing epidermis in vitro were different from those of pig epidermis in vivo . The whole pig epidermis has four major keratin bands (M.W. 65,000, 60,000, 56,000 and 51,000), while the outgrowing epidermis has three major keratin bands (M.W. 63,000, 59,000 and 52,000). The SDS‐PAGE patterns of keratin proteins extracted from the outgrowing epidermis treated with Ro 10‐1670 were markedly altered. The highest molecular protein (M.W. 63,000) found in control explant was almost entirely absent in Ro 10‐1670‐treated explants and the second band (M.W. 59,000) found in control explants was split into two minor bands (M.W. 59,000 and 58,000). These results indicated that Ro 10‐1670 strongly modified keratin formation in vitro explant culture of pig skin.
Requirements for the Implementation of Virtual Reality in Learning Factories

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Current trends such as increasing flexibility and new digital technologies are changing the jobs in the modern manufacturing industry and constantly demand new competencies from its employees. There-fore, companies are focusing on the training and competency development of their employees. In the context of this trend, learning factories play an increasingly important role. They offer an environment in which employees can develop competencies under practice-oriented conditions. The Institute for Production Management, Technology and Machine Tools (PTW) at the Technical University Darmstadt operates a modern learning factory called CiP (Center for Industrial Productivity) for research, training and education purposes. Within the on-going interdisciplinary research project “PortaL” (Virtual action tasks for personalized adaptive learning) the institute develops personalized virtual reality training scenarios that are intended to become part of trainings within the learning factory. This paper presents the methodology and results of a systematic literature review to determine general requirements for the implementation of virtual reality in learning factories. The determined require-ments are presented and classified into eleven clusters. This leads to a well-structured illustration to support learning factory operators, software developers, and researchers not to lose sight of the differ-ent requirements from the literature during the development, evaluation, and optimization of virtual reality in learning factories.