jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Augmentation of Effective Thermal Gain of Solar Air Heater using a Novel Turbulator Design- A CFD Study

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Augmentation of thermal performance of solar air heater has been the focus of many researchers over the last decades and the use of turbulator or artificial roughness to provide increased fluid mixing in order to achieve augmented heat transfer has been a widely accepted technique. This work aims to evaluate the effect of a novel turbulator design on the effective thermal performance of solar air heater using the methodology of computational fluid dynamics (CFD). A two dimensional CFD analysis is carried out to evaluate the thermal characteristics of solar air heater at various flow Reynolds number conditions for different geometric parameters of the proposed turbulator design. The pitch of the turbulator is varied as 10mm, 20mm, 30mm, 40mm and 50mm for a fixed turbulator height of 2 mm. The Reynolds number is varied from 6,000 to 27,000. The analysis shows that the lower values of pitch produces higher improvement in heat transfer. The maximum increase in Nusselt number is found to be about 2.98 times as compared to the base model for the flow Reynolds number of about 6000. The highest increase in the friction factor is found to be about 3.05 times relative to the base model. The maximum thermal enhancement factor is found to be about 1.99 for the pitch value of 10 mm at a flow Reynolds number of about 6000.
REGIONAL STUDIES: ABOUT THE PERIODIZATION OF THE DISCIPLINE

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract: The periodization of regional studies as a scientific and educatinal discipline from the ethnographical point of view is examined in the article for the first time. In the literature concerning scientific studies the historical research is given a special place; it is up to it to be a stating point for both the formulation of the general theory of science and practical recommendations in the sphere of science control and its organization [4, p. 3]. In the analysis of regional studies as a scientific and educational discipline from the point of view of scientific studies one of the most important ones is the process of the formation of the history of this science, because as a typical scientific phenomenon regional studies are characterized by their own genesis and development at the same time. A historical approach is required for their examination. We divide the history of Russian regional studies into two types: 1) the prehistory of regional studies; 2) the beginning and development of regional studies as a scientific and educational discipline. Hence the periodization of Russian regional studies is as follows. 1 The stage of an ethnographic thought – the prehistory of Russian regional studies. 1.1 An ethnographic thought of antiquity and the Middle Ages. 1.2 Ethnographic knowledge. 2 The stage of Russian regional studies. 2.1 The period of general regional studies (XIX – the beginning of the XX century). 2.2 The period of the division of regional studies into socialistic and bourgeois, the victory of communistic ideas in regional studies, the politization of the ethnographic movement, the suppression of regional ethnographers – the exponents of bourgeois ethnographic knowledge, by the state (1917 – 1991). 2.3 The predicted period of the development of Russian regional studies as a general science and an educational discipline on the methodological basis of human values (the XXI century). Ancient people already had the first ethnographic knowledge: the data, for example, about the place for the construction of a house, were passed from a generation
The Dynamics of Fashion

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Fashion today is fast-paced, technologically savvy, and global-and this fourth edition of The Dynamics of Fashion has been updated to be on the cutting edge. Featuring the latest facts and figures, and the most current theories in fashion development, production, and merchandising, this book provides a broad foundation for students hoping to become a part of the industry. Apparel, accessories, cosmetics, home fashions, green design, and more are explored in detail. Hundreds of examples make the business aspect fun. Fresh, forward, challenging, and comprehensive, Elaine Stone's classic text is for those in fashion who want to be both in the now and in the know.
Design and implementation of high-speed digital system

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This report focuses on the development of a high speed digital system for Signal Integrity and EMC analysis. The development of a high speed digital system consists of hardware design and VHDL coding to implement combination and sequential logics onto the system. Various high-speed digital circuit design techniques such as multi-layer board designs, impedance control, signal lines terminations and power-ground noise de-coupling were explored after the system is assembled. The radiated emissions profile of he system developed was measured using a GTEM cell.
Annealed embeddings of communication patterns in an interconnection cached network

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The communication needs of many parallel applications exhibit what we call switching locality. In such applications, each computation entity (process, thread, etc.) tends to restrict its communication to a small set of other entities. The physical location or proximity of these entities can be arbitrary, as long as the communication degree is small. The Interconnection Cached Network (ICN) is a reconfigurable network ideally suited for exploiting such locality. The use of fast small crossbar switches (Interconnection Caches) with a larger, but slower, reconfigurable network (optimized for connectivity) lets the ICN adapt to the communication requirements of individual applications, potentially achieving higher performance. Embedding communication patterns efficiently in an ICN, requires finding a bounded l-contraction of the underlying communication graph. The problem of identifying whether a graph has a bounded and l-contraction for a given integer l is known to be NP-complete for l>2. We describe a heuristic algorithm based on simulated annealing for this problem. We test the effectiveness of our approach by using it to embed graphs, representing regular communication patterns, for which the best solutions are deterministically known. The algorithm does not rely on any structural information of the communication pattern and is therefore applicable to irregular patterns as well. The results of applying our heuristics to embed such irregular graphs are also presented.
Electrode Potentials in Liquid Ammonia. I. Activities of Potassium and Sodium Chlorides

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectrode Potentials in Liquid Ammonia. I. Activities of Potassium and Sodium ChloridesJacob Sedlet and Thomas De VriesCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1951, 73, 12, 5808–5810Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1951Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1951https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01156a100https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01156a100research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views47Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
American Research Ethics, 1800–1946

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This chapter traces the development of the ethics and morality of American medical research through the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. It focuses on the use of servants and slaves as human subjects by such medical luminaries as U.S. Army surgeon, William Beaumont (1785–1853), whose reputation as the “Father of Gastric Physiology” rested on experiments that he conducted on his servant, Alexis St. Martin (1794–1880). It also discusses the research of James Marion Sims (1818–1883) who perfected a particular gynecological operation that he developed by experimenting on unanesthetized female African-American slaves; and the 1900 Walter Reed Yellow Fever experiments, which paved the way for a newer model of research ethics based on “volunteerism” and informed consent contracts.
[Effect of elevated head position in bed in therapy of gastroesophageal reflux].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In a randomized multicentric trial the effect of sleeping with the bed-head raised was studied in inpatients with reflux symptoms. All patients underwent an endoscopic and pH-metric examination. As a result from the diagnostic procedures three groups were formed: group 1 - refluxlike dyspepsia (endoscopic and pH-metric examination normal), group 2 - reflux disease without esophagitis (endoscopy normal, pH-metric examination abnormal), group 3 - refluxesophagitis (endoscopy abnormal). All patients were randomly assigned to either sleeping with horizontal bed-head or having the bed-head raised (15 cm). Furthermore, the patients in group 3 were put on treatment with omeprazole (20 mg twice a day) those in group 2 were treated with a procinetic drug (cisapride 30 mg). The patients in group 1 had no drug therapy. However, antacids were allowed in all patients. For a two-week-period reflux symptoms and use of antacids were registered. No difference was seen in the symptom-score or use of antacids. Also sub-group analysis (sex, age, body-mass-index, severity of esophagitis and nocturnal reflux) did not reveal any impact of sleeping with the bed-head raised on reflux symptoms or use of antacids.
Effects of Arsenic Trioxide on Apoptosis and interleukin-4 Release of Peripheral T Cells from Asthmatic Patients in Vitro

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

AIM To study the possible mechanism of the treatment of arsenic trioxide on asthma. METHODS T cells isolated from 21 asthmatic patients and 20 healthy controls were treated with arsenic trioxide (0.1 mg•L^(-1)) or dexamethasone (5 mg•L^(-1)), in vitro, for 24 h. Interleukin-4 (IL-4) levels in supernatants from T cells were quantified with ELISA. Cell apoptosis was measured by using fluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry and cytochrome c ELISA kit. RESULTS T cells of asthmatic patients spontaneously released more IL-4 than that of healthy controls. Arsenic trioxide significantly decreased IL-4 release of T cells from asthmatic patients, which was more obvious compared with healthy controls. Dexamethasone decreased IL-4 release in both groups. Apoptosis percentage and cytochrome c content in cytoplasm of T cells from asthmatic patients were lower than those from healthy controls. Arsenic trioxide significantly increased the apoptosis percentage and cytochrome c content in cytoplasm of T cells in the asthmatic group, and had slighter effects on that in healthy controls. Dexamathasone increased the apoptosis percentage and cytochrome c content of T cells in both groups. CONCLUSION The mechanism of the treatment of arsenic trioxide on asthma involves the induction of T cell apoptosis and decrease of IL-4 release in asthmatic patients.
Planar Microstructures inSurface Micromachining Process UsingRFSputtered ZnOasSacrificial Layer

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Inthis work,wereport fabrication ofcompletely bepreferably below400'C.Furthermore, theselection of planar microstructures forMEMS using RFsputtered ZnOasa rightcombination ofthestructural andsacrificial layer newsacrificial material insurface micromachining process. The material isalso animportant issue insurface micromachining microstructures fabricated by conventional surface(2). Forfabricating large-sized free standing structures, itisa micromachined process havetwobendsattheanchor point,requirement that etchrate ofthesacrificial layer beveryhigh These havebeeneliminated using anewmodified process, which andtheselectivity oftheetch rate withrespect tothestructural results incompletely planar microstructures. Forthis purpose,layer shouls alsobeverylarge. An important issue related trench formation andchemical mechanical planarization (CMP) withsurface micromachined microstructures isthemechanical techniques havebeenintegrated withsurface micromachining strength atthebendsthat occurattheanchor point. The process. Issues related withtheselection oftheappropriate . . . . s sacrificial/structural layer materials, thedeposition process and microstnhcturesofabricatedtusing cconventional surface thesacrificial layer etching areaddressed. Thedeposition of micromaching process havetwosuchbends asshownin sacrificial layer wascarried outon2-inch silicon wafers inaRF Fig.1(a). Ifacompletely planar process canbeapplied, the (13.56 MHz)sputtering system using a4-inch ZnOtarget. The bendscanbeeliminated asshowninFig.1(b). silicon dioxide, usedasstructural layer material, wasalso Inourprevious work, we reported thatRFsputtered ZnO deposited inthesamesputtering system at5mTorrpressure and film canbeadvantageously usedassacrificial layer insurface 300wattRFpower. A two-mask process isusedforfabricating micromachining technology (3). Inthepresent work, we planar microstructures insurface micromachining technique.report a new process forrealizing completely planar microstructures using trench formation insilicon substrate, Keywords- ZincOxide(ZnO); MEMS;RFsputtering; planarbackfill bysacrificial layer followed byChemical Meachnical microstructures; CMP
Association between the ACE insertion/deletion polymorphism and pterygium in Sardinian patients: a population based case–control study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective The purpose of the study was to examine whether the insertion (I) and/or deletion (D) polymorphism of ACE confers susceptibility to primary pterygium in Sardinian patients in a case–control study. Methods and results Polymorphism genotyping was performed by nested PCR using genomic DNA extracted from the whole peripheral blood of participants with (n=251) and without (n=260) pterygium. DD, ID and II genotype frequencies were: 48%, 39% and 13%, respectively, for patients with pterygium, and 15%, 40% and 44%, respectively, for the control group. A statistically significant difference was found between the pterygium and control groups for the ACE I/D polymorphism (p<0.001). Moreover, a statistically significant difference was found between the DD and II groups (p<0.01; OR=10.49; 95% CI 6.18 to 17.79), DD+ID versus II group (p<0.01; OR=5.23; 95% CI 3.37 to 8.13) and DD versus ID groups (p<0.01; OR=3.21; 95% CI 2.04 to 5.04). Conclusions Statistical analysis showed that the DD genotype is associated with an increased risk of developing pterygium, and with a good chance that the D allele may play an important role in the development of disease.
Array antennas using low loss MEMS phase shifters

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A line source of sixteen 5-bit MEMS phase shifters was used for beam scan of a novel X-band CTS (continuous transverse stubs) antenna over +/- 45 degrees in the H-plane. The 5-bit phase shifter has 1 dB loss on average over 6-10 GHz. The building block of these phase shifters is a cantilevered MEMS switch developed by HRL Laboratories. The metal-contact switch is characterized by 0.15 dB loss and 40 dB isolation at 10 GHz.
The study on optimization model of emergency resource migration cost in multi-cycle

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

The study builds an optimization model to analyze the emergency resource migration cost constraint problem in multi-cycle. The environment periodic variation is common phenomenon in the actual supply network. However, the traditional model set the supply network as constant. And the facility setup and migration cost constraints have not been considered in model. It is required to add the migration cost constraint into the model with the time variation. This paper improves the traditional RANPCP (r-all-neighbor p-center problem) model by taking the dynamic supply environment change into account. The proposed model defines the new objective function and constraint condition of key facility migration cost. The study uses the Simulated Annealing algorithm to solve the improved model. The numerical example is given to verify the feasibility of the proposed method. The result suggests that has more realistic significance and the research value.
PENGAWASAN TERHADAP KEPATUHAN PEMBAYARAN PAJAK DAERAH YANG DIPUNGUT MELALUI SISTEM SELF-ASESSMENT

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Local tax collection in Indonesia is carried out using the Official Assessment system and the Self-Assessment system. In the Self-Assessment system, all tax obligations are fulfilled by the taxpayer, Fiskus only supervises through audit procedures. The implementation of tax collection with this system really requires taxpayer compliance so that it is necessary to monitor the taxpayer's compliance. This raises problems regarding how to monitor compliance with the payment of local taxes collected through the self-assessment system. This paper uses a normative research method with a statutory approach and a legal conceptual approach. This paper concludes that the supervision of taxpayer compliance in paying taxes with a self-assessment system is carried out by examining taxpayers. The authority of the regional head to conduct audits and the obligation of taxpayers to cooperate in undergoing the examination is regulated in Article 170 of the Regional Tax and Retribution Act. The results of the tax audit are recorded in the audit report. Enforcement of regional tax law against taxpayers who do not comply begins with submitting a warning letter, if the warning letter is not heeded, it will be subject to administrative sanctions and criminal sanctions.
Poland’s War With Red Russia

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Essay| April 01 1920 Poland’s War With Red Russia Current History (1920) 12 (1): 76–80. https://doi.org/10.1525/curh.1920.12.1.76 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Poland’s War With Red Russia. Current History 1 April 1920; 12 (1): 76–80. doi: https://doi.org/10.1525/curh.1920.12.1.76 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentCurrent History Search This content is only available via PDF. © 1920 by The Regents of the University of California1920 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Adaptive optics two-photon microscopy for in vivo imaging of mouse retina

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Non-invasive retinal imaging has greatly facilitated the research of eye disease and neurodegenerative disorders in the central nervous system (CNS). Two-photon microscopy is a powerful tool for in vivo imaging of mouse retina because it provides intrinsic optical sectioning capability and the infrared laser is less likely to excite the photoreceptors. However, the dilated mouse eye has large optical aberrations, which must be corrected to achieve high-resolution or even diffraction-limited imaging. Here, we developed an adaptive optics (AO) two-photon microscope for in vivo imaging of retinal neurons through the eyeball of living mouse. We used the two-photon excited fluorescence signal of retina as the guide star to measure and correct the aberration of mouse eye. After AO correction, the fluorescence signal was increased by at least fivefold and the fine structures such as axons of retinal ganglion cells (RGC) were clearly resolved. To take advantage of the non-invasive high-resolution imaging, we demonstrated functional calcium imaging of RGC responding to the light stimulations. © 2020 SPIE.
Fabrication and optical properties of erbium-doped silicon-rich oxide planar waveguides

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

In this article we describe the electrochemical method for fabricating Erbium-doped silicon-rich oxide (SRO) planar waveguides. The porosity, Er-ion concentration and the refractive index can be controlled by varying the current density (continuous or pulse currents) during the production process. The refractive index difference between the core and the cladding layers and the profile of SRO waveguides tested by m-line spectrometer and by FE-SEM. The photo-luminescent (PL) emission of Er-ions at 1550 nm in the SRO waveguides can be obtained even when the excitation wavelength was away from resonance absorption band of Er-ions. This result revealed that the observed emission at 1550 nm is possible due to the energy transfer from excitons confined in the nc-Si to Er-ions. The Er-doped SRO waveguides can be applied to optoelectronic devices compatible to Si-based integrated circuit technology.
[Exploring the optimal range of pulse oxygen saturation in patients with sepsis: a retrospective study based on MIMIC- IV data].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

During hospitalization, the level of SpO2 among sepsis patients exhibits a U-shaped relationship with in-hospital all-cause mortality, indicating that heightened and diminished oxygen levels are both associated with increased mortality risk. The optimal SpO2 range is determined to be between 0.96 and 0.98.
Mourning, the War, and the “New Mysticism” in May Sinclair and Virginia Woolf

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

A compact woman stands gazing at the fire in the drawing-room grate, a fixed expression on her face. Her dark brown hair tightly plaited in a coronet gives her a regal composure, although she stands barely five feet tall. In her black dress, she might be mourning, but the hazy room, filled mostly with earnest young pipe-smoking men, indiscriminately dressed, belies this. They speak in intense, yet inaudible voices that ebb and flow around her. Here and there a peacock woman struts among them. One of these bears down on the prim woman, a tall, beaky-featured Amazon with a mass of copper-colored hair, Lady Ottoline Morrell. Her white shawl with great scarlet flowers on it flows behind her. In tow she has a slim young woman, hair swept back above her ears to an untidy bun, dark shadows around her melancholy eyes. Round shouldered, she is faun-like and furtive. The gargantuan woman plunges into conversation, gushing that the compact woman, May Sinclair (Illustration 5.1), has recently published, not one but two novels, both about men's disrespectful treatment of women. Miss Sinclair's steely dark brown eyes note the faun's eyes widen in fear and admiration, quickly overlaid with, what is it, anxiety, or perhaps jealousy? Prompted by the gargantuan, the young woman, whose name is Virginia Stephen, apologetically says that she has been reviewing for the Cornhill Magazine, a name which makes Miss Sinclair's eyebrows rise, but that she is not sure about writing.