jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Gut filling, gut content and fatty acid composition of demersal fish species sampled during POLARSTERN cruise ANT-XXIV/2

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The gut contents and fatty acid composition of 49 fish belonging to five Antarctic demersal families (Nototheniidae, Macrouridae, Channichtyidae, Bathydraconidae and Artedidraconidae) sampled at two stations at the Southern Ocean shelf and deep sea (600 and 2150 m) were analysed in order to identify their main food resource by linking trophic biomarkers with the dietary items found in the fish guts. Main food items of most fish analysed were amphipod crustaceans (e.g. in 63% of Trematomus bernachii guts) and polychaetes (e.g. in 80% of Bathydraco sp. guts), but other food items including fish, other crustaceans and gastropods were also ingested. The most prominent fatty acids found were 20:5(n-3), 16:0, 22:6(n-3) and 18:1(n-9). The results of gut content and fatty acid analyses indicate that all fish except the Channichthyidae share similar food resources irrespective of their depth distribution, i.e. benthic amphipods and polychaetes. A difference of the dietary spectrum can be observed with ontogenetic phases rather than between species, as high values of typical calanoid copepod marker fatty acids as 22:1(n-11) indicate that younger (smaller) specimens include more zooplankton in their diet.
Cyanobacteriochrome Photoreceptors Lacking the Canonical Cys Residue

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Cyanobacteriochromes (CBCRs) are cyanobacterial photoreceptors that sense near-ultraviolet to far-red light. Like the distantly related phytochromes, all CBCRs reported to date have a conserved Cys residue (the "canonical Cys" or "first Cys") that forms a thioether linkage to C31 of the linear tetrapyrrole (bilin) chromophore. Detection of ultraviolet, violet, and blue light is performed by at least three subfamilies of two-Cys CBCRs that require both the first Cys and a second Cys that forms a second covalent linkage to C10 of the bilin. In the well-characterized DXCF subfamily, the second Cys is part of a conserved Asp-Xaa-Cys-Phe motif. We here report novel CBCRs lacking the first Cys but retaining the DXCF Cys as part of a conserved Asp-Xaa-Cys-Ile-Pro (DXCIP) motif. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrates that DXCIP CBCRs are a sister to a lineage of DXCF CBCR domains from phototaxis sensors. Three such DXCIP CBCR domains (cce_4193g1, Cyan8802_2776g1, and JSC1_24240) were characterized after recombinant expression in Escherichia coli engineered to produce phycocyanobilin. All three covalently bound bilin and showed unidirectional photoconversion in response to green light. Spectra of acid-denatured proteins in the dark-adapted state do not correspond to those of known bilins. One DXCIP CBCR, cce_4193g1, exhibited very rapid dark reversion consistent with a function as a power sensor. However, Cyan8802_2776g1 exhibited slower dark reversion and would not have such a function. The full-length cce_4193 protein also possesses a DXCF CBCR GAF domain (cce_4193g2) with a covalently bound phycoviolobilin chromophore and a blue/green photocycle. Our studies indicate that CBCRs need not contain the canonical Cys residue to function as photochromic light sensors and that phototaxis proteins containing DXCIP CBCRs may potentially perceive both light quality and light intensity.
Toward long-term and high-precision multimodal intracranial biomarker monitoring

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Long-term and high-precision intracranial biomarker monitoring is crucial for the diagnosis, prevention, and prognosis of various diseases. However, existing technologies are associated with several issues of poor measurement accuracy, inability to monitor long-term and inadequate biocompatibility. To address these, minimally invasive implantable ultrasound metagel sensors have been developed for monitoring intracranial pressure, temperature, pH, and blood flow velocity. The sensor can quickly respond to changes in ultrasound frequency for high-precision monitoring of key physiological signals compared to current clinical gold standards. Additionally, the hydrogel exhibits excellent biocompatibility and can degrade almost completely within 18 weeks, without causing hematological disorders or systemic inflammatory responses.
A case of nocardia brain abscesses in a hemodialysis patient treated with prednisolone

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

59歳男性. 慢性腎不全にて1987年5月よりCAPD療法導入となった. 1994年からは腹膜炎のためHD療法へ変更となり維持透析中であった. 1999年11月頃より進行性の両上下肢筋力低下を認め当院紹介入院となった. 頭部CT, MRIにて右頭頂部と左後頭部に膿瘍を認めた. 脳神経外科的に穿頭ドレナージ施行した. 膿瘍は培養の結果ノカルジアであった. 抗生剤, ST合剤を使用し, 血液透析はHDFやグリセオール使用にて脳圧に変化をきたさないように工夫し, 現在は歩行できるまでに回復した.
Carboxy terminal region of the Fanconi anemia protein, FANCG/XRCC9, is required for functional activity

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Fanconi anemia (FA) is an autosomal recessive cancer susceptibility syndrome with eight complementation groups. Four of the FA genes have been cloned, and at least three of the encoded proteins, FANCA, FANCC, and FANCG/XRCC9, interact in a nuclear complex, required for the maintenance of normal chromosome stability. In the current study, mutant forms of the FANCA and FANCG proteins have been generated and analyzed with respect to protein complex formation, nuclear translocation, and functional activity. The results demonstrate that the amino terminal two-thirds of FANCG (FANCG amino acids 1-428) binds to the amino terminal nuclear localization signal (NLS) of the FANCA protein. On the basis of 2-hybrid analysis, the FANCA/FANCG binding is a direct protein-protein interaction. Interestingly, a truncated mutant form of the FANCG protein, lacking the carboxy terminus, binds in a complex with FANCA and translocates to the nucleus; however, this mutant protein fails to bind to FANCC and fails to correct the mitomycin C sensitivity of an FA-G cell line. Taken together, these results demonstrate that binding of FANCG to the amino terminal FANCA NLS sequence is necessary but not sufficient for the functional activity of FANCG. Additional amino acid sequences at the carboxy terminus of FANCG are required for the binding of FANCC in the complex.
Chilean New Song and the Question of Culture in the Allende Government

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Focusing on the cultural debate within the left during the Popular Unity government in Chile (1970-73), Chilean New Song and the Question of Culture in the Allende Government situates the discourses and artistic production linked to the Chilean New Song movement, in order to demonstrate that the musicians were part of the committed intelligentsia. Thus, they actively participated in the discussion and proposal of ways to integrate culture in the revolutionary process, playing an important political and cultural role. The analysis is mainly based on the government-friendly press and on records released between 1970 and 1973, verifying how the main trends observed in the cultural debate were expressed in the movement; the extent to which the positions defended by the musicians have been in tune with governmental purposes; and if they have in fact influenced the cultural policies debated and pursued by Popular Unity.
Agronomic characteristics and yield of organic maize straw intercropped with perennial green manures

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Maize intercropped with perennial green manure is an option to promote soil coverage, control weeds and recycle soil nutrients, in an organic system. This study aimed at evaluating the agronomic characteristics and yield of grains and organic maize straw intercropped with perennial green manures sown at different maize growth stages. A 3 x 2 + 1 factorial design was used, with three perennial species of green manure - calopogonium (Calopogonium mucunoides Desv.), tropical kudzu [Pueraria phaseoloides (Roxb.) Benth] and perennial soy [Neonotonia wightii (Wight & Arn) Lackey] - and two green manure sowing times - at the maize V4 (four expanded leaves) and VT (bolting) stages - plus a control treatment (maize monoculture). A randomized blocks design, with four replications, was used. Soil coverage, production of green manures dry matter and weeds, and maize growth and production variables were evaluated. The sowing of green manures at the V4 stage had a higher percentage of soil coverage, in relation to the VT stage. Calopogonium, when compared to the other green manure species, had the highest percentage of soil coverage (35.63 %) and dry matter (1.0 Mg ha-1). Perennial green manures grown intercropped with maize did not affect growth, grain yield and maize straw. However, they were not effective in suppressing weeds.
Enhancing stability performance of renewable energy generators by utilizing virtual inertia

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents a method of improving the transient stability of power systems with high penetration of distributed generation. Most distributed generators are characterized by having small or even no intrinsic rotational inertia. When small inertia sources such as micro-turbine or non-inertial sources such as PV system are integrated to the power system, the overall rotating inertia will decrease significantly. This decrease in rotating inertia may cause loss of synchronism under some fault conditions and may lead to system instability. One of the solutions to overcome this problem is to use energy storage elements to provide virtual inertia. This paper presents a new method to include the energy storage devices as virtual inertia in the transient stability studies and utilizes the energy storage devices to enhance stability in systems with embedded distributed generation, as well as to determine the size of storage energy elements to maintain system stability.
Designing and Engineering Atomically Dispersed Metal Catalysts for CO2 to CO Conversion: From Single to Dual Metal Sites

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The electrochemical CO 2 reduction reaction (CO 2 RR) is a promising approach to achieving sustainable electrical‐to‐chemical energy conversion and storage while decarbonizing the emission‐heavy industry. The carbon‐supported, nitrogen‐coordinated, and atomically dispersed metal sites are effective catalysts for CO generation due to their high activity, selectivity, and earth abundance. Here, we discuss progress, challenges, and opportunities for designing and engineering atomic metal catalysts from single to dual metal sites. Engineering single metal sites using a nitrogen‐doped carbon model was highlighted to exclusively study the effect of carbon particle sizes, metal contents, and M−N bond structures in the form of MN 4 moieties on catalytic activity and selectivity. The structure‐property correlation was analyzed by combining experimental results with theoretical calculations to uncover the CO 2 to CO conversion mechanisms. Furthermore, dual‐metal site catalysts, inheriting the merits of single‐metal sites, have emerged as a new frontier due to their potentially enhanced catalytic properties. Designing optimal dual metal site catalysts could offer additional sites to alter the surface adsorption to CO 2 and various intermediates, thus breaking the scaling relationship limitation and activity‐stability trade‐off. The CO 2 RR electrolysis in flow reactors was discussed to provide insights into the electrolyzer design with improved CO 2 utilization, reaction kinetics, and mass transport.
Internal Migration and Regional Population Dynamics in Europe: Romanian Case Study

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The report analyses population migration and change in Romania over the period 1984-1994. The analysis of population change is conducted for 2948 communes and towns, the finest administrative division for which population data are available. The lack of migration data on the level of communes and towns makes in-depth analysis of the migration for small spatial units impossible. For that reason analysis of the patterns of migration is conducted for 40 Judete (also referred to as counties or regions) and the capital city of Bucharest, i.e. 41 units altogether. \nCouncil of Europe Publishing, \nF-67075 Strasbourg - Cedex, \nFrance.
Venäjän kääntäjien ja tulkkien kouluttajana 1981–2018

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This article describes the history of Russian language translator training from an autoethnographic perspective, bringing out projects that are related to the author's own work tasks and research. The history of the Russian language translator training is viewed in relation to translator training as a whole and to the prevailing social context. The developments that stand out include, first, the practical orientation during the Soviet era with specific focus on trade in the 1980s, and second, the changes after the collapse of the Soviet Union in the 1990s. These changes included an increase in the number of native Russian speakers studying translation, and the setting up of permanent lecturers' positions for native Russian language teachers. More recent history, the 2000s and 2010s, was characterized by administrative reforms, the high number of bilingual students, and the increased relevance of working life in the training. This last development consisted of including various translation projects and an authorized translator's degree as part of the education. The article also examines the developments in translation research from the perspective of Russian. Finally, the changes that have taken place in the work environment of the trainers are discussed.
Supplementary prescribing in cystic fibrosis: responding to an acute exacerbation

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Tom is a 19-year-old man who has cystic fibrosis. He self-referred to the hospital-based cystic fibrosis unit with worsening chest symptoms. This scenario described demonstrates how the unit’s cystic fibrosis nurse specialist, as a supplementary prescriber, was able to provide Tom with immediate care both in hospital and on his transfer home without the need to refer to a doctor. As Tom is typical of many of the patients on the cystic fibrosis unit, this scenario demonstrates how supplementary prescribing can benefit patients in this specialized area of care.
High-Energy X-ray Radiation Registration Model

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

It is proved the necessity for carrying out computing experiments according to the mean value and the square of registered X-ray photons absorbed energy of in a scintillation detector. The offered imitation model of the transfer and registration of high-energy X-ray radiation in a sensing volume of CsI and CdWO[4] scintillation detectors is based on a Monte Carlo method. The model considers leakage of secondary photons and electrons. It is offered approaches to justification of adequacy of the developed model of a high-energy X-ray radiation registration.
Repair of UV damaged DNA in systemic lupus erythematosus.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The NZB/NZW hybrid mouse is an animal model of human systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Two breeding schemes were devised using NZB, NZW, B/W, and CBA mice, which permit definitive decisions regarding genetic and/or viral origin of the disease. It is proposed that at least two factors must be involved: (1) a genetic abnormality producing hyper-responsiveness to nucleic acid antigens, and (2) a DNA repair defect which results in liberation of DNA and RNA when cells are lethally injured. Evidence is presented for a DNA repair deficit in human SLE lymphocytes following in vitro irradiation with ultraviolet (UV) light. Lymphocytes from adult New Zealand and control mice were found to lack normal amounts of endonuclease necessary for repairing UV damage.
A Regression Approach to Combination of Decisions by Multiple Character Recognition Algorithms

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

A regression method is proposed to combine decisions of multiple character recognition algorithms. The method computes a weighted sum of the rank scores produced by the individual classifiers and derive a consensus ranking. The weights are estimated by a logistic regression analysis. Two experiments are discussed where the method was applied to recognize degraded machine-printed characters and handwritten digits. The results show that the combination outperforms each of the individual classifiers. 1.
Test of understanding of vectors: A reliable multiple-choice vector concept test

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

In this article we discuss the findings of our research on students' understanding of vector concepts in problems without physical context. First, we develop a complete taxonomy of the most frequent errors made by university students when learning vector concepts. This study is based on the results of several test administrations of open-ended problems in which a total of 2067 students participated. Using this taxonomy, we then designed a 20-item multiple-choice test [Test of understanding of vectors (TUV)] and administered it in English to 423 students who were completing the required sequence of introductory physics courses at a large private Mexican university. We evaluated the test's content validity, reliability, and discriminatory power. The results indicate that the TUV is a reliable assessment tool. We also conducted a detailed analysis of the students' understanding of the vector concepts evaluated in the test. The TUV is included in the Supplemental Material as a resource for other researchers studying vector learning, as well as instructors teaching the material. © Published by the American Physical Society.
Amelanotic melanoma presenting as a pyogenic granuloma.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A sixty-two year old man was diagnosed as having an amelanotic of the right great toe after the lesion had been treated for several months as a pyogenic granuloma. Establishment of the correct diagnosis was aided by the finding of a radiolucent defect on a roentgenogram of the toe. Since amelanotic melanoma usually presents as a vascular or ulcerated nodule, rather than as a pigmented nevus, the lesion may be mistaken for a benign tumor. This case illustrates the necessity of histologic confirmation of all presumed pyogenic granulomas. Furthermore, it also stresses that clinical, histologic, and prognostic distinctions must be made between amelanotic melanoma and its pigmented counterpart.
Degradation of enrofloxacin by Fe0 activated PDS

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract

In this paper, the effect of zero-valent iron (Fe0) activated persulfate (PDS) on the removal of enrofloxacin (ENR) was investigated, and the effect and mechanism were analyzed by exploring the effects of Fe0 concentration, PDS concentration, pH, and the influence of anion and aqueous matrix on the removal of ENR by the Fe0/PDS system. The results showed that when [ENR] = 20 µmol/L, [Fe0] = 0.15 g/L, [PDS] = 0.4 mmol/L, the removal rate of ENR was 85.3% at 90 min, the mainradicals were HO•, SO4•− and O2•−. At the same time, the system had a good mineralization effect (TOC removal rate > 40%), in addition, the system did not show obvious toxicity to soil microorganisms after the reaction, furthermore the Fe0/PDS system had a good removal effect on ENR in a wide pH range (4 ≤ pH ≤ 10). The Fe0/PDS system was more effective than ultrapure water in removing ENR in river water. The results of this experiment could provide a reference for the removal of antibiotics based on advanced oxidation techniques based on SO4•−.
2-Amino-1,3-benzothiazol-3-ium dihydrogen phosphate

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The cation of the title compound, C(7)H(7)N(2)S(+)·H(2)PO(4) (-), is almost planar (r.m.s deviation = 0.017 Å for all non-H atoms). In the crystal structure, the cations and anions are connected by N-H⋯O and O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, with π-π stacking inter-actions between neighbouring 1,3-thia-zole and benzene rings [centroid-centroid distance = 3.5711 (11) Å], forming a three-dimensional network.
ENDOMETRIAL TUBERCULOSIS REVEALED BY POST-MENOPAUSAL METRORRHAGIA REPORT CASE

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Because genital tuberculosis is frequently asymptomatic, the disease may not manifest itself for years after the initial infection. Clinical symptoms usually appear 10 to 15 years after the initial infection. We report a case of 47 years old women with a history of right breast cancer who was suffering from post menauposicmetrorrhagia, ultrasound revealed thickening of the endometrium, and the biopsy revealed endometrial tuberculosis, Genital tuberculosis is uncommon in postmenopausal women and accounts for 1% of postmenopausal metrorrhagia. In 60-70 percent of cases, the endometrium is affected. It is difficult to explain the diseases low prevalence in this age group. The majority of authors believe that the endometrial atrophy and decreased vascularity associated with this hypoestrogenic phase provide an unfavorable environment for Mycobacterium growth. The standard treatment regimen is currently well codified and is based on daily administration of Isoniazid and Rifampicin for 6 months, followed by Pyrazinamide and Ethambutol for the first 2 months. Throughout the treatment, clinical and paraclinical monitoring is performed on a regular basis.
Chromones and Flavones. Part IV Chloromethylation of Some Chromones and Flavones

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Flavone and 2-methylehrnmone on chloromethylation afford the 3-chloromethyl derivatives. 7-Methory-­2-methylehromone and 7- methoxyflavore afford similarly the 8-chlarnmethyl- and the 3,8-diehlommethyl derivatives. The structures have been proved by reduction to the corresponding methyl derivatives which have been compared with the authentic specimens.
THE PRINCIPLE OF GENDER EQUALITY UNDER FAMILY LAW: EXPERIENCE OF FOREIGN COUNTRIES AND UKRAINE

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The purpose of the article is to study the principle of gender equality in family law, specifically the experience of foreign countries and its impact on the development of family legal relations in Ukraine. The focus is on the importance of ensuring the equal rights and opportunities for women and men in the context of family legislation, as well as the challenges that arise when implementing the gender equality. Research methods: the article uses a comparative-legal method to analyse international experience in family law and the principles of gender equality. It also applies methods of analysing legislative acts and international agreements related to gender equality to examine how different countries implement this principle in their legal environment. Results: the article points on the importance of implementing the principle of gender equality in family law to achieve social justice and sustainable development of society. An analysis of foreign legislations (France, Sweden, Norway, Iceland, Canada, etc.) demonstrates various approaches to ensuring the equal rights for women and men in family relations, including the equality in marriage, the equal parental rights and rights to alimony. In Ukraine, there is also a gradual integration of European standards, although there are certain problems, including the cultural and social stereotypes that may complicate this process. Discussion: the article highlights that, although Ukraine has a legal framework guaranteeing gender equality, its implementation in practice faces barriers such as stereotypes and limited access to legal information. Furthermore, it emphasizes a need to adapt national legislation to modern requirements regarding gender equality and a necessity to consider cultural and social features that may influence the formation of gender roles in the family. The article also suggests developing the concept for the development of Ukraine’s family legislation based on the analysis of international experience and internal trends.