jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Developing a City-Level Digital Twin –Propositions and a Case Study

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Inspired by the UK National Infrastructure Commission's ambition of building a "digital twin" for the national infrastructure, this paper reviews some of the latest progress on digital twin development in the UK, particularly the recently published report "The Gemini Principles" by the Centre for Digital Built Britain.The paper further puts forwards six propositions on the city-level digital twin agenda, which stem from an ongoing research project on smart cities at the Cambridge Centre for Smart Infrastructure and Construction.It is argued that the development of a digital twin is progressive, where the digital twin as a technical apparatus and the social system that develops, operates and uses the digital twin must co-evolve together.On the one hand, our existing knowledge about cities and infrastructure would define how well we could build and evaluate the digital twin; on the other hand, thanks to artificial intelligence, the digital twin could potentially produce new knowledge that complements ours.In the context of developing smart cities, the paper points out that the digital twin is not a context-free technology that can be simply purchased and installed onto existing governance systems.To develop a purposeful digital twin application, the insights and changes from the governance perspective are essential.The paper also introduces the research plan for developing a digital twin pilot for the Cambridge sub-region, which serves as a case study to test the proposed propositions.
Simulation research on the blister evolution behaviors of UMo/Zr monolithic fuel elements

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Blister behavior is one of the main failure modes of UMo/Zr monolithic fuel elements during irradiation. The temperature of fuel elements may increase greatly so that the fuel elements may be destroyed. Post-irradiation annealing tests are used to study the blister behaviors of fuel elements under high temperature. In this study, a simulation method is developed based on the finite element method to study the evolution of blister behaviors of UMo/Zr monolithic fuel elements in the blister tests, taken into considering that the evolution of bubble pressure should be coupled with the deformation of cladding. The influence of creep rate of the cladding on the evolution of blister height is analyzed. The study shows that the unrecoverable creep deformation of the cladding, which occurs under high temperature, is the major factor in the increment of bubble height. The increase of bubble height mainly occurs during the heat preservation process and the initial stage of cooling process. The creep rate of cladding is positively related to the evolution of bubble height.
Prenatal hyperandrogenism induces alterations that affect liver lipid metabolism

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Prenatal hyperandrogenism is hypothesized as one of the main factors contributing to the development of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). PCOS patients have high risk of developing fatty liver and steatosis. This study aimed to evaluate the role of prenatal hyperandrogenism in liver lipid metabolism and fatty liver development. Pregnant rats were hyperandrogenized with testosterone. At pubertal age, the prenatally hyperandrogenized (PH) female offspring displayed both ovulatory (PHov) and anovulatory (PHanov) phenotypes that mimic human PCOS features. We evaluated hepatic transferases, liver lipid content, the balance between lipogenesis and fatty acid oxidation pathway, oxidant/antioxidant balance and proinflammatory status. We also evaluated the general metabolic status through growth rate curve, basal glucose and insulin levels, glucose tolerance test, HOMA-IR index and serum lipid profile. Although neither PH group showed signs of liver lipid content, the lipogenesis and fatty oxidation pathways were altered. The PH groups also showed impaired oxidant/antioxidant balance, a decrease in the proinflammatory pathway (measured by prostaglandin E2 and cyclooxygenase-2 levels), decreased glucose tolerance, imbalance of circulating lipids and increased risk of metabolic syndrome. We conclude that prenatal hyperandrogenism generates both PHov and PHanov phenotypes with signs of liver alterations, imbalance in lipid metabolism and increased risk of developing metabolic syndrome. The anovulatory phenotype showed more alterations in liver lipogenesis and a more impaired balance of insulin and glucose metabolism, being more susceptible to the development of steatosis.
Abstract 16: Tissue Engineering Approach Using Heterogeneous Hydrogel Combined with Umbilical Cord Derived Multipotent Stem Cells for the Consequences Military Spinal Cord Injury Neurosurgical Treatment (Case Report)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Introduction Military spinal cord injury is a severe injury, accompanied by high mortality and profound disability. Such injuries are usually penetrating, complex, infected, require intensive treatment at the initial stages and complex reconstructive neurosurgical interventions at later stages. This problem is especially relevant for Ukraine now, during the russian attack. Objectives The objective of the study was to investigate the short-term effect and safety of tissue engineering approach using umbilical cord arteries derived multipotent stem cells (UCA-MSCs) and heterogenous hydrogel for the consequences of military spinal cord injury neurosurgical treatment. Methods Patient B, the soldier of the National Guard of Ukraine, born on 1984, was wounded on 07/27/22 during a battle near Bakhmut. At 07/28/22 spinal cord decompression and fixation surgery was performed at the lower thoracic level (Th10). The patient had lower paraplegia (ASIA A), and neurogenic bladder. Complete anatomical and functional spinal cord transection below the Th10 level was confirmed. The patient was offered treatment in the frame of a research program "To investigate the effectiveness of regenerative cell technologies in the neurosurgical treatment of patients with demyelinating diseases of the CNS and cerebral palsy. № 0119U000112". UCA-MSCs for this case were isolated from a healthy human umbilical cord and had characteristics according to the minimal criteria of MSC. The hydrogel (poly[N-(2-hydroxypropyl)-methacrylamide]) is a commercial preparation synthesized in the laboratory of E. Pinet (FISO Technologies Inc., Quebec, Canada) by heterogeneous polymerization and association. 12/06/23 operation was performed: myeloradiculolysis, excision of areas of the glial scar of the spinal cord and filling of the defect with a heterogeneous hydrogel combined with UCA-MSCs. Results On the 6th months of observation, the patient has no infectious and inflammatory complications, and elements of deep sensitivity appeared in the proximal areas of the buttocks. No adverse effects during the observation period were recorded. Discussion More cases are needed to determine this method's safety and effectiveness, but early results are promising. A careful selection of patients is necessary for the use of this method, namely: confidence in the complete anatomical and functional transection of the spinal cord and the patient's informed consent for treatment.
Explicit analytic efficiency equation for saturated counter-pumped fiber amplifiers: Application to cladding-pumped erbium-doped fiber amplifiers

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

We derive and assess an explicit analytic expression for the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of high-power continuous-wave optical fiber amplifiers with counter-propagating pump and signal in the presence of quenching, excited-state absorption, and background loss. The expression is uniquely simple to evaluate. A crucial assumption is that the level populations and thus the gain do not depend on the signal and pump powers separately, but rather on their ratio. In the ideal, ``balanced'', case, this ratio remains constant throughout the amplifier, which is possible when the signal gain is equal to the operating pump depletion. This is achieved for certain (balanced) combinations of fiber length and input signal and pump power. With these assumptions, the PCE depends only on the spectroscopy and cross-sectional geometry of the gain fiber, but not depend on the absolute power. We use the equations to calculate and optimize the balanced PCE of homogeneously broadened cladding- pumped Er3+-doped fiber amplifiers based on phosphorus-rich silica fibers. Cases which fulfill as well as deviate from the ideal balanced assumptions are considered. The resulting PCE agrees well with that of well- established numerical simulations in most investigated cases, but agreement gets worse at large deviations from the ideal assumptions. The calculations are sufficiently fast for optimized curves to be updated real-time when parameters (e.g., describing quenching) are changed. We believe that our approach is valid for a range of realistic systems, including, for example, Yb-doped and Tm-doped fiber amplifiers as well as inhomogeneously broadened systems. We also discuss criteria for the expression's validity and provide tests which are straightforward to evaluate in the balanced case. Validation in more general, ``unbalanced'' cases, is more difficult and may in many cases require comparisons to iterative numerical simulations.
Interprofessional Primary Care Course Curriculum and Evaluation

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background and Objectives: Primary care (PC) requires interprofessional teamwork and training. Although clinical training in PC settings is well developed in some professions, classroom teaching on the principles and practice of PC provides additional opportunities for interprofessional education. Methods: We offered an elective one-credit classroom course on PC over 3 years, 2013 through 2015, enrolling students from dentistry, medicine, nursing, pharmacy, physician assistant, public health, social work, and other fields. Course activities included classroom presentations, small group discussions, team exercises, written reflections, online discussion, and observation visits to PC practices. We conducted an anonymous postcourse evaluation using 5-point Likert-like scales and brief student comments. Results: Eighty-four students completed the course over 3 years and 86% (72) completed the evaluation. Students rated the course high value or very high value, particularly for interprofessional student mix (99%, 71) and practice visit (99%, 70/71). Most students (98% , 65/66), felt the course should be offered again, and 82% (54/66) thought it should be expanded. Most students (93%, 65/70), recommended the course for others, and 41.1% (29/70) felt it should be required for students in their field or for all health professions students. After completing the course, 83.3% (60/72) of students planned careers in PC settings, and 55.6% (40/72) reported they changed plans to such careers. Conclusions: The PC course served students across health professions, earned high ratings, and influenced PC career plans. Most students felt the course should be recommended or required for all health professions students.
Head on pillow defects in BGAs solder joints

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The growing use of lead-free soldering, ultra-fine pitch and area-array devices in electronics manufacturing create new type of defects, such as "head-on-pillow" (HoP). The head-on-pillow soldering defect occurs as a result of the incomplete merging of the BGA/CSP component sphere and the molten solder paste during reflow. This defect was observed during realization of our research, mainly in solder joints of BGA676 components. To prevent and reduce the head-on-pillow defects as well as understand and address this issue a series of experiments were done.
Partial Underfill Impact Study on Solder Joint Reliability in Smartphone Application

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

As 5G mobile products become ubiquitous, mobile memory and storage performance must also scale to keep up with fast data download speeds. Along with mobile technology towards multifunction, design-for-reliability for mobile becomes challenging and essential. Among of reliability issues, the solder joint reliability of electronic package plays a more important role than before. This study focuses on temperature cycling (TC) solder joint reliability (SJR) performance of Universal Flash Storage (UFS) 3.1 fine pitch BGA (FBGA) package which enables faster read and write performance. Numerical studies were conducted by using the finite element analysis (FEA) technique to investigate the impact of partial underfill on SJR performance. Firstly, three patterns with no-underfill, partial underfill and full underfill are investigated in this study. Secondly, involved the thermal reliability performance of three different types of reworkable and non-reworkable underfill to compare CTE and Tg effect. This paper uncovered the reworkable underfill with high CTE may contribute negatively to thermal cycling SJR reliability. Reworkable underfill with high CTE aims to achieve excellent drop test performance with low manufacture cost. This trade-off may increase potential SJR failure risk under temperature cycling condition.
Degenerate transesterification of 3,5-dimethylphenolate/3,5-dimethylphenyl esters in weakly polar, aprotic solvents. Reactions of aggregates and complex-induced proximity effects

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDegenerate transesterification of 3,5-dimethylphenolate/3,5-dimethylphenyl esters in weakly polar, aprotic solvents. Reactions of aggregates and complex-induced proximity effectsL. M. Jackman, M. M. Petrei, and B. D. SmithCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 9, 3451–3458Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00009a034https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00009a034research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views397Altmetric-Citations38LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
FIREFLY ANN BASED UPQC-S PV ARRAY SYSTEM FOR POWER ENHANCEMENT

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This broadsheet proposes a novel controlling method to enhance the power outcome from PV array. This proposed controlling scheme was applied on variable irradiance with altering the electrical connections. This also contributes in analyzing the PQ theory and the fundamental harmonics in voltages were shattered using proposing (FIRE FLY BASED NEURAL NETWORKS-ANFIS CONTROLLER)-FFNN-AC scheme. Our contribution includes in developing 2 stage controlling approach to adjust the changes DC voltages. Here we consider 3 phase non-linear load conditions and its effects on source voltages and currents. This was implemented in MATLAB -18 SIMULINK for a variable irradiance and non-linear load conditions with low harmonic distortion current. Keywords - power, PQ (Power Quality) analysis, UPQC, PV array, controllers, Neural Networks, Fire fly.
LHD NB1arm #99815.1

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The neutral beam (NB) shine-through profile is routinely monitored on the Large Helical Device (LHD) both to calibrate the port-through power of the NB and to evaluate the NB-deposition power to LHD plasmas. The profile is measured with a calorimeter (CM) array on an armor plate of the NB counter wall inside the LHD vacuum vessel.
Picking force measurement of some cotton varieties

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A test rig was developed for measuring the cotton-picking force. Among the five cotton varieties CNH-36, Anjali, LRA-5166, AKA-8401 and AKH-4 tested, Anjali variety required a maximum picking force of 3.456 N. The average kapas weight of cotton varieties rangedfrom 2.31 g to 3.56 g and average bract weight varied from 0.78 g to 1.33 g. Picking force varied with variety of cotton and increased with increase in kapas weight.
Lipophilic antioxidants in edible weeds from agricultural areas

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The present paper reports the contents of individual lipophilic antioxidants in fourteen species of edible common agricultural weeds, typical of agricultural areas such as fields and orchards. Young edible green aboveground parts of weeds were analyzed for their chlorophyll, carotenoid, and tocopherol qualitative profiles and contents. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the complete lipophilic antioxidant composition of the edible weeds examined in this study. The results revealed that all examined leafy plant species are good sources of lipophilic antioxidants, the richest source being Urtica dioica (255.64 mg 100 $g^{-1}$ fwt), followed by Cardamine hirsuta (159.85 mg 100 $g^{-1}$ fwt), Cichorium intybus (150.87 mg 100 $g^{-1}$ fwt), Aegopodium podagraria (146.07 mg 100 $g^{-1}$ fwt), Taraxacum officinale (123.35 mg 100 $g^{-1}$ fwt), and Capsella bursa-pastoris (117.59 mg 100 $g^{-1}$ fwt), all with higher or similar contents compared to spinach (138.72 mg 100 $g^{-1}$ fwt), proving the value of these weeds for nutrition. The shoot vegetable Humulus lupulus had the lowest lipophilic antioxidant content (22.98 mg 100 $g^{-1}$ fwt), but this was still 3.8-fold higher than that of cultivated lettuce. Although all weeds examined in our study are valuable sources of health-promoting lipophilic antioxidants, comparison with cultivated spinach revealed that the general belief that all wild edible greens are richer in lipophilic antioxidants than cultivated leafy vegetables is not valid.
Effect of dexamethasone therapy in Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever in Giresun: An analytical study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background & objectives: Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a zoonotic disease and significant health concern particularly in endemic regions. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy in dexamethasone treatment on clinical outcomes in CCHF patients. Methods: We included adult patients diagnosed with CCHF and those whose platelet count dropped to 70,000/mm 3 or lower. The efficacy of dexamethasone on clinical outcomes was evaluated. It was a retrospective analytical study. Results: All 55 patients received standard supportive treatment, and none of them received ribavirin therapy. It was observed that 23 (41.8%) patients were treated with dexamethasone. No significant differences were observed between patients treated with dexamethasone and without, regarding factors such as bleeding incidents during hospitalization, the need for blood product transfusions, thrombocyte recovery status, intensive care unit admission, and in-hospital mortality. In-hospital mortality was observed in two patients (3.6%). Interpretation & conclusion: Our study found that dexamethasone treatment did not lead to a significant improvement in the clinical outcomes for CCHF patients.
No Organised Movement Existed, and No Individual Held the Collection of Views Attributed to ‘Pelagianism’

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Evidence shows that there was too much variation of ideas within the group identified as ‘Pelagians’ for the idea of a separate, organised group to be tenable. On issues alleged to define ‘Pelagianism’ there is no agreement in texts identified as ‘Pelagian’. Analysis shows that Pelagius’ opponents created the myth of a discrete and dangerous group by asserting links between individuals, and that what actually existed was the ascetic movement, which was very broad and unorganised. The chapter presents an accurate historical analysis of the enthusiasm for asceticism that swept through Christianity, and the cultural factors that generated so much ascetic literature, amongst it Pelagius’ writings..
Vision-Based Assistive Technologies for People with Cerebral Visual Impairment: A Review and Focus Study

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Over the past decade, considerable research has investigated Vision-Based Assistive Technologies (VBAT) to support people with vision impairments to understand and interact with their immediate environment using machine learning, computer vision, image enhancement, and/or augmented/virtual reality. However, this has almost totally overlooked a growing demographic: people with Cerebral Visual Impairment (CVI). Unlike ocular vision impairments, CVI arises from damage to the brain's visual processing centres. Through a scoping review, this paper reveals a signifcant research gap in addressing the needs of this demographic. Three focus studies involving 7 participants with CVI explored the challenges, current strategies, and opportunities for VBAT. We also discussed the assistive technology needs of people with CVI compared with ocular low vision. Our fndings highlight the opportunity for the Human-Computer Interaction and Assistive Technologies research community to explore and address this underrepresented domain, thereby enhancing the quality of life for people with CVI.
On-line fault-diagnosis study: Model-based fault diagnosis for ultracapcitors

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The failure of ultracapacitors was significantly accelerated by elevated temperature or increased voltage. The voltages between different cells will be enlarged after a number of deep charging or discharging cycles due to the capacitance difference between the capacitor cells. This will accelerate the aging of the weak ultracapacitors and affect the output capability. In order to improve the reliability of system, a correct and timely failure prediction is essential. At present, the method of manual diagnostics is using more for maintaining the system of ultracapacitors. However, this is a time consuming procedure. And it also needs to provide specialist knowledge and the experience of maintenance personnel. In this paper, a model-based fault diagnosis system using the least squares parameter estimation method was proposed. The circuit model of ultracapacitor we used was a second order model, which has significantly higher precision (the error between the simulated and real results below to five percent). And the identification model derived from the difference equation of the circuit. Then the parameter of the identification model, which estimated by using least squares method, was used for the interpretation of the fault. Several faults of ultracapcitors have been identified on the system. The experiments are carried out to diagnose the types of faults. Experiments show the effectiveness of the proposed technique for real time applications.