jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Cluster Analysis in Phenotyping Patients with Severe Bronchial Asthma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

One in 10 patients with asthma suffers from severe asthma, which is characterized by the presence of several clinical phenotypes. The aim of the study is to identify the clinical phenotypes of patients with difficult-to-control and severe asthma based on cluster analysis. Materials and Methods : A cross-sectional study was conducted, including 200 patients with difficult-to-control asthma. Inclusion criteria: severe and difficult-to-control asthma, all patients received treatment according to the 4th-5th step of the provided guidelines (GINA); age over 18 years. Exclusion criteria: the presence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, active infectious diseases, including respiratory infections, oncological diseases, pregnancy. All patients underwent clinical and laboratory tests, and levels of leptin, adiponectin, IL-6, IL-8, IL-4, and TNF-α were measured. To phenotype patients with severe asthma, cluster analysis was performed. Statistical data processing was conducted using SPSS Statistics 20.0 and StatTech v. 4.7.2 (StatTech, Russia). Results : The study included 200 patients with difficult-to-control asthma, with a median age of 53.5 (39.0-59.25) years. As a result of the cluster analysis using the k-means method, 3 clusters were identified. Significant differences were found in BMI, eosinophil count, IgE levels, and leptin (p < 0.001 when comparing the 3 clusters). Differences were also found in the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, primarily IL-4 (p=0.003 for the 3 clusters), TNF-α, and IL-8 (p < 0.001 when comparing the 3 clusters). It was established that the development of hypereosinophilia in patients with difficult-to-control asthma may be mediated not only by the IL-4 level (1.326, 95 % CI 1.132-1.554), but also by TNF-α (OR 1.046, 95 % CI 1.022-1.07) and IL-8 (OR 1.054, 95 % CI 1.024-1.085). Conclusion : We identified 3 clusters of patients with difficult-to-control bronchial asthma based on the study of clinical, laboratory, and instrumental data. Each identified cluster is characterized by a specific combination of laboratory markers, which can be taken into account when further treating patients with this asthma phenotype.
Analysis of Financial Ratio to Economic Value Added at PT. Sharia People's Financing Bank (BPRS) Puduarta Insani Deli Serdang

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This research aims to analyze the Financial Ratio to Economic Value Added at PT. Sharia People's Financing Bank (BPRS) Puduarta Insani Deli Serdang. Specifically, to analyze the measurement of Return On Equity (ROE) and Debt to Equity Ratio (DER) on Economic Value Added (EVA). The research approach uses Quantitative with Regression Data Type from 2016 - 2023, Multiple Linear Regression analysis techniques. The results of this research are: 1) Return On Equity (ROE) has a positive and partially significant effect on Economic Value Added (EVA), because an increase in equity can increase the added value of positive Economic Value Added (EVA) at PT. Sharia People's Financing Bank (BPRS) Puduarta Insani Deli Serdang; 2) Debt to Equity Ratio (DER) has a negative and partially significant effect on Economic Value Added (EVA), because debt that exceeds the asset value can reduce the equity value. Low Equity will cause a negative Economic Value Added (EVA) value at PT. Sharia People's Financing Bank (BPRS) Puduarta Insani Deli Serdang; 3) Return On Equity (ROE) and Debt to Equity Ratio (DER) simultaneously have a positive and significant effect on Economic Value Added (EVA) at PT. Sharia People's Financing Bank (BPRS) Puduarta Insani Deli Serdang.
KECEMASAN DALAM PENGAMBILAN KEPUTUSAN KARIER PADA REMAJA

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this study is to determine how insecure young people feel when making career decisions. Adolescents experience confusion, or anxiety, when making career development decisions. Fear of what hasn't happened yet, fear of failure, and lack of support from the environment. The method used in this study is a qualitative method. The subjects of this study were late adolescents, with a total of 3 respondents aged 17 to 19. Direct observation and interview techniques were used as data collection techniques in this study. The study found that young people surveyed reported feeling anxious when contemplating career decisions. This was due to worrying about things that hadn't happened yet, fear of failure before trying, lack of self-confidence, and lack of parental and community support. Research results on adolescents' anxiety during career decision-making have shown that adolescents' anxiety has a significant impact on their ability to make decisions. Therefore, the lower an adolescent's anxiety, the better he/she will be in decision making.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Cardiomyocyte expression of a polyglutamine preamyloid oligomer causes heart failure.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND: To determine whether soluble preamyloid oligomers (PAOs) are toxic when expressed internally in the cardiomyocyte, we tested the hypothesis that cardiomyocyte-restricted expression and accumulation of a known PAO is cytotoxic and sufficient to cause heart failure.METHODS AND RESULTS: Intracellular PAOs, the entities believed to cause toxicity in many neurodegenerative diseases, have been observed in cardiomyocytes derived from mouse and human heart failure samples. Long (>50) polyglutamine (PQ) repeats form PAOs and cause neurotoxicity in Huntington disease and other neurodegenerative diseases, whereas shorter PQ peptides are benign. We created transgenic mice in which cardiomyocyte-autonomous expression of an 83 residue-long PQ repeat (PQ83) or a non-amyloid-forming peptide of 19 PQ repeats (PQ19) as a nonpathological control was expressed. A PQ83 line with relatively low levels of expression was generated, along with a PQ19 line that expressed approximately 9-fold the levels observed in the PQ83 line. Hearts expressing PQ83 exhibited reduced cardiac function and dilation by 5 months, and all mice died by 8 months, whereas PQ19 mice had normal cardiac function, morphology, and life span. PQ83 protein accumulated within aggresomes with PAO-specific staining. The PQ83 hearts showed increased autophagosomal and lysosomal content but also showed markers of necrotic death, including inflammatory cell infiltration and increased sarcolemmal permeability.CONCLUSIONS: The data confirm the hypothesis that expression of an exogenous PAO-forming peptide is toxic to cardiomyocytes and is sufficient to cause cardiomyocyte loss and heart failure in a murine model. PMID: 18490523 Funding information This work was supported by: NHLBI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: P50 HL077101 NHLBI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: P01HL059408 NHLBI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01 HL087862 NHLBI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: HL074728-010004 NHLBI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: P50 HL074728 NHLBI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: P50HL077101 NHLBI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: P50 HL077101-010005 NHLBI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: P50 HL074728-010004 NHLBI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: P01 HL069779-01 NHLBI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: P01HL69799 NHLBI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: P50HL074728 NHLBI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: T32 HL007752 NHLBI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: T32 HL07752 NHLBI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: HL069779-01 NHLBI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: F32 HL087478 NHLBI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01HL087862 NHLBI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: P01 HL059408 NHLBI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: P01 HL069779 NHLBI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: HL077101-010005 More Less keyboard_arrow_down
Topology optimization based on the high-order numerical manifold method by implementing a four-node quadrilateral element

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this study, the numerical manifold method (NMM), coupled with material interpolation, is applied to the topology optimization of continuum structures. Quadrilateral element (Q4) meshes are used in the NMM for mathematical cover. The order of the local approximation function is increased to improve the accuracy of the analysis. This method usually leads to linear dependency of the global degrees of freedom, as reflected in the rank deficiency of the global approximation space. However, using Q4 elements, the rank deficiency value is not fixed with mesh refinement. The presented solution handles this problem, and the efficiency of the proposed method is investigated with four examples. The results indicate that the high-order numerical manifold method (HONMM) has great accuracy in the analysis and works well for topology optimization problems. One advantage of using the combined HONMM with material interpolation in topology problems is chequerboard-free patterns, owing to mathematical cover and high-order analysis.
Overcoming the challenges in K-12 STEM education

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

New studies in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) have investigated the factors why students do or do not appreciate Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) courses. Many indicators point mainly to the effectiveness, or ineffectiveness, of teachers. The main purpose of this paper is to identify significant factors that affect teachers' effectiveness. This is done through an analysis of the results of a twenty-four-question survey, developed by the authors, given to 200 STEM teachers, from Kindergarten to Grade 12, in public and private schools across the country. A literature review consisting of comparable studies in other countries served as a backdrop to the many trends discovered in the analysis of teachers' responses. Furthermore, the authors provide additional critical interpretations to address the unique nature of the findings in the UAE educational system. Overall, the findings point to the dire need to address teachers' dissatisfaction with the teaching profession in the UAE. Specifically, addressing monetary compensation, improving the curricula, lack of resources and providing professional guidance via development courses and seminars are necessary if teachers are to be more effective in the classroom. The paper also provides recommendations that can improve the current conditions, not only in the UAE, but also in other regions of the world being affected by the same.
EVIDENCE ON THE NATURE AND EXTENT OF FALL IN OIL PRICES ON THE FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF LISTED COMPANIES: A RATIO ANALYSIS CASE STUDY OF THE INSURANCE SECTOR IN THE UAE

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The sharp decline in oil prices that started in 2014 affected most economies in the world either positively or negatively.United Arab Emirates has been striving to diversify away from oil and expects higher non-oil growth in 2018.This study involves calculations and comparisons of ratios pre and post the fall in oil prices in the insurance sector in the UAE.Parametric tests, conclude that while the change in profitability and efficiency ratios is statistically significant, the other ratios have been quite stable in the period.There has been an overall slowdown in the insurance industry yet UAE has been mostly resilient to the fall in oil prices and given the visionary leadership of its policy makers, the diversification strategy has taken effect rather quickly.
An analysis of myocardial infarction. The effect of regional changes in contractility.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In a preceding paper, we employed an initially spherical, modified membrane model of the infarcted ventricle to investigate the relation between ventricular function and both infarct size and infarct stiffness. In the present paper, we have applied the same model to a set of different questions, namely, the consequences of enhanced or depressed inotropic state within the noninfarcted myocardium. When infarcted ventricles containing up to 41% infarction are examined, stroke volume appears to be relatively insensitive to increases in inotropic state. However, stroke volume falls rapidly when inotropic state is depressed below 80% of normal. For the case of a ventricle with a large, weakly contracting segment which is not totally infarcted, stroke volume is impaired only when the contractility of the weak region is diminished below 50% of normal. Finally, the stress concentration around a region of infarction appears to be dependent more strongly on the inotropic state of the noninfarcted tissue than on the infarct size.
Micrometer Sized Hexagonal Chromium Selenide Flakes for Cryogenic Temperature Sensors

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Nanoscale thermometers with high sensitivity are needed in domains which study quantum and classical effects at cryogenic temperatures. Here, we present a micrometer sized and nanometer thick chromium selenide cryogenic temperature sensor capable of measuring a large domain of cryogenic temperatures down to tenths of K. Hexagonal Cr-Se flakes were obtained by a simple physical vapor transport method and investigated using scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements. The flakes were transferred onto Au contacts using a dry transfer method and resistivity measurements were performed in a temperature range from 7 K to 300 K. The collected data have been fitted by exponential functions. The excellent fit quality allowed for the further extrapolation of resistivity values down to tenths of K. It has been shown that the logarithmic sensitivity of the sensor computed over a large domain of cryogenic temperature is higher than the sensitivity of thermometers commonly used in industry and research. This study opens the way to produce Cr-Se sensors for classical and quantum cryogenic measurements.
Synthesis of Benzofused N-Heterocycles via Rh(III)-Catalyzed Direct Benzannulation with 1,3-Dienes

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Benzofused nitrogen heterocycles are prevalent as key core structural motifs in functional molecules. Major syntheses of benzofused nitrogen heterocycles focus on construction of the heterocyclic ring starting from (poly)substituted benzene derivatives. Given that polysubstituted benzene derivatives are not always easily available, the flexibility of these methods may be problematic. The direct benzannulation reactions of simple N-heterocycles thus provide a complementary and valuable strategy. However, this approach has been far less explored, especially when nonprefunctionalized N-heterocycles are used as starting materials. In recent years, the metal-catalyzed direct functionalization of an inert C–H bond has become a powerful tool to construct (hetero)aromatics. In the C–H benzannulation reactions, alkynes, activated alkenes, enaldiazo compounds, and biaryl compounds were previously utilized as efficient coupling partners. Reported herein is a de novo synthesis of a benzene ring through the rhodium-catalyzed benzannulation of N-heterocycles with 1,3-dienes. The π-allyl metal complex derived from C–H activation/1,3-diene insertion is intercepted by the β position of N-heterocycles via an intramolecular nucleophilic allylic substitution reaction. The protocol allows for the construction of a variety of diversely functionalized benzofused heterocycles including carbazoles, quinolin-2(1H)-ones, phenanthridin-6(5H)-ones, acridin-9(10H)-ones, and indoles from the corresponding N-heterocycles.
North Carolina Public Kindergarten Teacher Perceptions on Readiness and the Development of a State K-3 Assessment

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

An established pioneer in matters of early childhood education, North Carolina will be using the Race to the Top grant money they won in 2010 to create and implement a statewide K-3 assessment. The Department of Public Instruction formed a think tank to develop the vision for the tool and the final product will be administered to all public schools in 2015. This study is one facet of a multidimensional project aimed at bringing several key stakeholders to the table to discuss the development of this assessment instrument. In this project, teachers were asked to rate 22 items suggested for inclusion in the assessment on a 1-6 scale in terms of importance, 1 being the least important and 6 being the most important information for their day-to-day classroom instruction. Respondents were also asked to comment on the helpfulness and delivery of the assessment as well. Previous studies led to the hypothesis that teachers would prioritize the Social/Emotional Development domain of assessment over Cognitive Development or Literacy. The data were gathered by an online survey sent in an email to 9,493 public school kindergarten teachers and the respondents comprised a volunteer sample of 2,596 cases, a 25.62% response rate. Results showed that teachers placed greatest importance on Language and Literacy Development, followed by Cognitive Development. Parent’s Education Level was given the lowest mean rate of importance out of the 22 suggested items. There was broad support for the assessment and the use of electronic tablets in its delivery. However, teachers did not support the option of the assessment being delivered through home visits. Demographic variations by region, locale size, education level and experience of teachers existed but were not robust.
FIGURES 1–4 in New species of Nepalomyia from China (Diptera: Dolichopodidae)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

FIGURES 1–4. Nepalomyia xui sp. nov. Male. 1. Basal portion of wing; 2. 3rd antennal segment and arista, lateral view; 3. genitalia, lateral view; 4. hypandrium and apex of aedeagus, ventral view. A—aedeagus; C—cercus; H—hypandrium; LT—lateral tubercle; SDL—surstylus dorsal lobe; SML—surstylus middle lobe; SVL —surstylus ventral lobe; V—ventral.
Obesity in total hip arthroplasty

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aims The purpose of our study is to summarise the current scientific findings regarding the impact of obesity on total hip arthroplasty (THA); specifically the influence of obesity on the timing of THA, incidence of complications, and effect on clinical and functional outcomes. Materials and Methods We performed a systematic review that was compliant with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines to identify prospective studies from the PubMed/Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases that evaluated primary THA in obese (body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m 2 ) patients. Results There were 17 articles included in the review, which encompassed 13 722 THA patients. Analysis of the included studies showed that, when compared with non-obese patients, obesity was associated with younger age at time of primary THA, and an increased incidence of complications (up to four-fold). Results were mixed on the influence of obesity on the outcomes of primary THA, with three studies showing a detrimental effect on outcomes of a BMI ≥ 30 kg/m 2 , while eight studies showed no effect. Conclusion Obesity is associated with significantly younger age at time of primary THA and obese patients are likely to experience a higher rate of peri-operative complications. More investigation is needed into the effect of obesity on clinical outcomes, as the current literature is mixed. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2017;99-B(1 Supple A):31–6.
Sustaining Rice Productivity, Soil Fertility, and Income from Prawn-Rice Joint Culture in the Gher System in Bangladesh

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This paper examines the long-term impacts of joint prawn-rice gher farming system on agricultural and household incomes, soil fertility, and productivity of modern variety (MV) rice in southwestern Bangladesh based on socioeconomic data of the gher farmers and soil fertility data of their gher plots. In 2005, 20 farmers operating on 30 plots were randomly selected from the Bilpabla village of Khulna from whom prawn and MV rice production data were collected using a questionnaire; soil samples were also collected and tested. In 2011 and 2017, the sustainability of the gher system over time was assessed through another survey of farmers following the same methodology. Results revealed that although the nominal income from gher farming increased by 59 percent in 2011 and 23 percent in 2017, the real income and per capita household income remained unchanged over time. Agricultural income has contributed about 65 percent to household income and household income of gher farmers was about 200 percent higher than the rural people of Bangladesh. Rice productivity declined slightly from its 2005 level. However, the productivity of MV rice under prawn-rice gher farming is substantially higher than the conventional MV rice farming system. The positive estimates of the Mean Soil Quality Index and Soil Degradation Index for land used for MV paddy production within the gher indicate an increase in soil nutrients. Thus, the joint prawn-rice gher farming system is relatively sustainable as it has improved soil fertility and stabilized real income. To promote agricultural growth in the southwestern region of Bangladesh, policy implications include research on developing varieties of MV rice suited to prawn-rice gher farming system and the development of commercial feeds and markets for prawn to increase productivity vis-Ã -vis income of gher farmers.
Materials Data on Rb3Nb2S11 by Materials Project

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Rb3Nb2S11 crystallizes in the monoclinic P2_1/c space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are three inequivalent Rb1+ sites. In the first Rb1+ site, Rb1+ is bonded in a 10-coordinate geometry to ten S+1.18- atoms. There are a spread of Rb–S bond distances ranging from 3.43–3.79 Å. In the second Rb1+ site, Rb1+ is bonded in a 10-coordinate geometry to ten S+1.18- atoms. There are a spread of Rb–S bond distances ranging from 3.36–4.04 Å. In the third Rb1+ site, Rb1+ is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to nine S+1.18- atoms. There are a spread of Rb–S bond distances ranging from 3.39–3.79 Å. There are two inequivalent Nb5+ sites. In the first Nb5+ site, Nb5+ is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to seven S+1.18- atoms. There are a spread of Nb–S bond distances ranging from 2.24–3.02 Å. In the second Nb5+ site, Nb5+ is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to seven S+1.18- atoms. There are a spread of Nb–S bond distances ranging from 2.24–2.98 Å. There are eleven inequivalent S+1.18- sites. In the first S+1.18- site, S+1.18- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to four Rb1+, one Nb5+, and one S+1.18- atom. The S–S bond length is 2.09 Å. In the second S+1.18- site, S+1.18- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Rb1+, two Nb5+, and one S+1.18- atom. In the third S+1.18- site, S+1.18- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one Rb1+ and two Nb5+ atoms. In the fourth S+1.18- site, S+1.18- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to three Rb1+ and one Nb5+ atom. In the fifth S+1.18- site, S+1.18- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to three Rb1+ and one Nb5+ atom. In the sixth S+1.18- site, S+1.18- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Rb1+ and two Nb5+ atoms. In the seventh S+1.18- site, S+1.18- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to three Rb1+ and one Nb5+ atom. In the eighth S+1.18- site, S+1.18- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to three Rb1+ and one Nb5+ atom. In the ninth S+1.18- site, S+1.18- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to three Rb1+, one Nb5+, and one S+1.18- atom. The S–S bond length is 2.08 Å. In the tenth S+1.18- site, S+1.18- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to three Rb1+ and one Nb5+ atom. In the eleventh S+1.18- site, S+1.18- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to two Rb1+, one Nb5+, and one S+1.18- atom.