jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The democratic power of higher education: the association between schooling and adherence to democracy in the city of São Paulo

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Education is often seen as a solution to democratic deficits, but its role in shaping political attitudes is still poorly understood. This article investigates the association between schooling and adherence to democracy in São Paulo. Departing from a representative sample of 2,417 interviews, our analysis of the São Paulo context is shown to be timely for the study, since the city performs well in educational assessments and has a relevant history of political engagement. Using hierarchical regression models, it was found that schooling is a significant predictor of adherence to democracy, with higher levels of schooling correlating to greater adherence. Our results differ from the findings of other studies that consider Brazil as a whole. We find that access to higher education is a key factor for the valorization of democracy.
SWITCHING{OFF BEHAVIOUR OF CONTACT MATERIALS AgCdO 15, AgNi 30 AND Cu+ UNDER CONDITIONS OF CATEGORY AC{4.

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The paper deals with the switching-off behaviour of contact materials AgCdO 15, AgNi 30 and Cu+. The switching-off behaviour was investigated experimentally under conditions of category AC-4, at supply voltage 230 V, in a current zone 400 to1200 A. The switching-off behaviours are characterized with two types of dependencies. The dependencies of the maximum arcing time versus interrupted current at which the interruptions were realized at first current zero. The dependencies of the maximum arc energy versus interrupted current at which the interruptions were realized at first current zero, too. All dependencies have been found for the velocities of a moving contact v = 0.8 ms , 0.6ms and 0.38 ms .
Translation equivalent but different, impossible but necessary, interlingual or intercultural: conceptualizing translation

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In this study I will try to outline a common emancipatory program for the politically-engaged translator based on the work of these thinkers. We will pay special attention to the counter-hegemonic potential of translation as developed by our authors and to the concept of “constellation” advanced by Santos in his works. Another chief concern will be to explore the divide between these two different concepts of translation (interlingual and “cultural”), trying to answer several pressing questions. Can these different notions be unified in such a way that the insights from these thinkers can be reconciled with mainstream translation theory? Do we run the risk of diluting the concept of translation to such an extent, in this constant conceptual broadening, that it ceases to have any solid foundation?
Notes on the identity of Hygrophoropsis rufa (Basidiomycota, Boletales).

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The rare fungus Hygrophoropsis rufa is documented from the Czech Republic for the first time. Both classical and DNA study results have proved that H. rufa is a good species, clearly separated from H. aurantiaca . Macroscopically, it differs by an orange-brown to dark brown pileus surface. The stability of the observed differences in spores, being slightly smaller and thick-walled in H. rufa , has to be confirmed using a larger set of collections. A brief comparison with dark-coloured taxa of the group of H. aurantiaca is added. Hygrophoropsis aurantiaca var. atrotomentosa most probably represents a synonym, but its nomenclatural status has to be clarified.
Preparation, Structure, and Properties of an Anionic Tetrameric Copper Complex Containing a Planar, Eight-Membered Ring Core

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The three-solvent reaction of (Bu4N)2[Zn(dmt)2] (dmt = C3S52- = 3-thioxo-1,2-dithiole-4,5-dithiolato) (CH2Cl2), (Et4N)2tto (tto = C2S42- = tetrathiooxalate) (H2O), and CuCl2·2H2O (CH3OH) yields the anionic tetrameric copper complex (Bu4N)2[Cu(dmt)]4. The dianion contains a planar, eight-membered ring core of four Cu atoms and four S atoms. The dmt ligand coordinates for the first time in this particular fashion.
Morphometric Assessment of the Maxillary Air Sinus through Multidetector Computed Tomography in Patients of Sub-Himalayan Region of Northern India

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Abstract Introduction: Maxillary sinuses (MS) are the largest paranasal sinuses (PNSs) and the first to develop in the human body. They lie in close proximity to delicate and vulnerable structures such as orbit, nasal and oral cavities, and pterygopalatine fossae and are readily involved in sinonasal pathology; hence, a thorough knowledge of normal dimensions and frequently encountered variations of MS is of utmost importance to the performing surgeons. Methodology: A study was conducted to see the morphometry and prevalent variations of MS in 101 patients through multidetector computed tomography of PNSs in sub-Himalayan population at a tertiary health institution in Kangra, Himachal Pradesh. Results: The mean anteroposterior (AP)/superoinferior (SI)/mediolateral diameters for right MS were 37.63 mm/36.41 mm/26.20 mm, which was significantly higher ( P < 0.05) in males. The mean diameters of left MS were 37.52 mm/36.57 mm/25.99 mm. AP diameter was significantly higher ( P = 0.04) in males of 31–50 years of age. The volume of right and left MS was 18.55 cm 3 and 18.43 cm 3 . All parameters of MS were lower in females than males. The most common variation found was accessory maxillary ostium (36.6%). Septa were more in left MS (24.7%). Hypoplasia, predominantly type I, was also more in left MS (7.9%). Conclusions: The AP and SI diameters were significantly higher for right-sided MS among males. The AP diameter was also significantly higher in middle-aged males. All parameters of MS were lower in females than males.
Foamed concrete technology: Possibilities for thermal insulation at high temperatures

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Foamed concrete technology has led to the production of lighter concretes in the general building and construction industry. By varying the batch composition, it is possible to adjust the bulk density within a wide range (0,5...2,0 g/cm 3 ). By way of introduction, this paper outlines foamed concrete technology, presenting results and findings relevant to this material. Following on from this, possibilities for using this technology for thermal insulation at high temperatures are suggested. The results of tests, including tests with special raw materials, show thatfoamed castables technology can offer interesting solutions for kiln and furnace construction.
Indexing Spatio-Temporal Trajectories with Efficient Polynomial Approximations

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Complex queries on trajectory data are increasingly common in applications involving moving objects. MBR or grid-cell approximations on trajectories perform suboptimally since they do not capture the smoothness and lack of internal area of trajectories. We describe a parametric space indexing method for historical trajectory data, approximating a sequence of movement functions with single continuous polynomial. Our approach works well, yielding much finer approximation quality than MBRs. We present the PA-tree, a parametric index that uses this method, and show through extensive experiments that PA-trees have excellent performance for offline and online spatio-temporal range queries. Compared to MVR-trees, PA-trees are an order of magnitude faster to construct and incur I/O cost for spatio-temporal range queries lower by a factor of 2-4. SETI is faster than our method for index construction and timestamp queries, but incurs twice the I/O cost for time interval queries, which are much more expensive and are the bottleneck in online processing. Therefore, the PA-tree is an excellent choice for both offline and online processing of historical trajectories
Sorption of99MoO42-ions on commercial hydrotalcites

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Summary 99 MoO 4 2- sorption behavior on 3 commercial hydrotalcites, produced by Sasol Chemie, was studied through batch experiments. Only one of them showed high sorption capacity. This product, the MG70 was identified by XRD diffraction analysis as hydrotalcite (Mg 6 Al 2 (OH) 16 CO 3 ·4H 2 O), while the other two, MG50 and MG30, were identified mainly as magnesium aluminum hydroxide hydrate, MgAl 2 (OH) 14 ·3H 2 O. Calcined MG70 (CMG70) was used to retain about 298.17±8.3 mg of 99 MoMoO 4 2- (MG70- 99 MoO 4 ). When this material was packed in a glass column, the generated 99m Tc was eluted by using NaCl or HNO 3 aqueous solutions. Saline solutions eluted 99m Tc with considerable amounts of 99 Mo while 0.1 M HNO 3 eluted 99m Tc together with a such small amount of 99 Mo that the 99 Mo μCi/ 99m Tc mCi ratios are close to the value recommended by the American Pharmacopeia.
EFFETS DE DIFFERENTES PRATIQUES SYLVICOLES ET DE L'INTRODUCTION DE VERS DE TERRE SUR LA STRUCTURE DU SOL EN PLANTATIONS DE FEUILLUS

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Impacts of silvicultural practices on soil structure were evaluated in hardwood plantations. On two different sites, four treatments (mechanical weed control, herbicide weed control, seeding of nitrogen-fixing companion species and a control) were undertaken, with and without earthworm introduction, according to a complete randomized block design. Treatments had significant effects on the water stability of soil aggregates, macroporosity and bulk density. Earthworm introduction significantly increased macroporosity in control plots while decreasing it in the three other treatments. Key words: Soil structure, silvicultural practices, earthworm, Lumbricus terrestris
India Shining And Bharat Drowning: Comparing Two Indian States To The Worldwide Distribution In Mathematics Achievement

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper uses student answers to publicly released questions from an international testing agency together with statistical methods from Item Response Theory to place secondary students from two Indian states -Orissa and Rajasthan -on a worldwide distribution of mathematics achievement. These two states fall below 43 of the 51 countries for which data exist. The bottom 5 percent of children rank higher than the bottom 5 percent in only three countries-South Africa, Ghana and Saudi Arabia. But not all students test poorly. Inequality in the test-score distribution for both states is next only to South Africa in the worldwide ranking exercise. Consequently, and to the extent that these two states can represent India, the two statements "for every ten top performers in the United States there are four in India" and "for every ten low performers in the United States there are two hundred in India" are both consistent with the data. The combination of India's size and large variance in achievement give both the perceptions that India is shining even as Bharat, the vernacular for India, is drowning. Comparable estimates of inequalities in learning are the building blocks for substantive research on the correlates of earnings inequality in India and other low-income countries; the methods proposed here allow for independent testing exercises to build up such data by linking scores to internationally comparable tests
In-Whorl Treatments for Fall Armywcrm Control in Field Corn, 1980

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Field corn ‘Pioneer 3147’ was planted on June 4 at the Highland Rim Experiment Station, Springfield. Plots were 30 ft x 4 rows with 5 ft alleys between blocks. Rows were spaced 40 inches apart. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Corn was thinned to 40 plants/30 row ft. On July 23, when 18% of the plants were infested, insecticide treatments were applied. Granular insecticides were applied into the whorls with shaker jars. Liquid formulations were sprayed with 2.5 gal compressed air sprayers at 40 gal/acre. Portable CO2 tanks supplied a constant sprayer tank pressure of 30 psi. Yields were determined on October 14.
Enhancing group resolution of TM6 based on multi-variate regression model and semi-variogram function

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

It is well known that Landsat TM images are the most widely used remote sensing data in various fields. Usually, it has 7 different electromagnetic spectrum bands, among which the sixth one has much lower ground resolution compared with the other six bands. Nevertheless, it is useful in the study of rock spectrum reflection, geo-thermal resources exploration, etc. To improve the ground resolution of TM6 to the level as that of the other six bands is a problem. This paper presents an algorithm based on the combination of multi-variate regression model with semi-variogram function which can improve the ground resolution of TM6 by "fusing" the data of other six bands. It includes the following main steps: (1) testing the correlation between TM6 and one of TM1-5, 7. If the correlation coefficient between TM6 and another one is greater than a give threshold value, then select the band to the regression analysis as an argument. (2) calculating the size of the template window within which some parameters needed by the regression model will be calculated; (3) replacing the original pixel values of TM6 by those obtained by regression analysis; (4) using image entropy as a measurement to evaluate the quality of the fused image of TM6. The basic mechanism of the algorithm is discussed and the V C++ program for implemeting this algorithm is also presented. A simple application example is given in the last part of this paper, showing the effectiveness of the algorithm.
Stochastic optimization for deep CCA via nonlinear orthogonal iterations

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Deep CCA is a recently proposed deep neural network extension to the traditional canonical correlation analysis (CCA), and has been successful for multi-view representation learning in several domains. However, stochastic optimization of the deep CCA objective is not straightforward, because it does not decouple over training examples. Previous optimizers for deep CCA are either batch-based algorithms or stochastic optimization using large minibatches, which can have high memory consumption. In this paper, we tackle the problem of stochastic optimization for deep CCA with small minibatches, based on an iterative solution to the CCA objective, and show that we can achieve as good performance as previous optimizers and thus alleviate the memory requirement.
Knowledge Acquisition Process for Intelligent Decision Support in Critical Health Care

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

An efficient triage system is a good way to avoid some future problems and benefit the patient. However, a limitation still exists. The triage system is general and not specific to each case. Manchester Triage System is a reliable known system and is focused in the emergency department of a hospital. When applied to specific patients’ conditions (such as pregnancy), it has several limitations. To overcome those limitations, an alternative triage system, integrated into an intelligent decision support system, was developed. The system classifies patients according to the severity of their clinical condition, establishing clinical priorities and not diagnosis. According to the urgency of attendance or problem type, it suggests one of three possible categories of the triage. This chapter presents the overall knowledge acquisition cycle associated with the workflow of patient arrival and the inherent decision making process. Results show that this new approach enhances the efficiency and the safety through the appropriate use of resources and by assisting the right patient in the right place, reducing the waiting triage time and the number in general urgency.
Palmaris Longus Agenesis (PLA) among major ethnic groups of rural sabah

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The functional role of Palmaris longus muscle is little to human upper limb, but its long tendon is very useful as a donor tendon in hand reconstructive surgery. In the human body, Palmaris longus muscle is often described as one of the most variable muscles in both number and form. It is only to be consistently found in mammals especially in those using forelimbs for weightbearing and ambulation. The absence of Palmaris longus in human appears to be hereditary but its possibility through genetic transmission has not been proven yet. The first report in 1559 estimated the Palmaris longus agenesis (PLA) was 17.2% among Indians and 12-24% in Caucasians. It was reported to be 4.6% among Singaporean-Chinese while 12.6% and 26.6% in Nigeriablack and Turkish people respectively. A 2007 UKM study shows prevalence \nof PLA in Malays was 11.3% followed by Indians (10.7%) and Chinese (6.0%). Studies had indicated that PLA would be associated with other anatomical variations of hand. Borneo is the third largest island in the world and located in the centre of the Maritime Southeast Asia. Sabah, once known as north Borneo, is the second biggest states in Malaysia after Sarawak. Sabah, the land below the wind, has \nover 32 ethnic groups of people who make up the multicultural state. The largest indigenous ethnic group in Sabah is Kadazan-Dusun residing mainly on the West Coast region of Sabah, making up about 30% of population. They traditionally work as paddy and vegetable planters. One famous feature of Kadazan-Dusun culture is the Harvest Festival where these people give thanks to Rice spirit for harvest. Bajau is the second largest indigenous ethnic group and they are well known as Sabah's cowboy horsemen. They live in east coast of Sabah. Murut is the third largest indigenous ethnic group in Sabah and mostly live in South W cst region of Sabah and remote area like the interior residency between Keningau, tenom and Pensiangan. They were great hunters, using blowpipes and poisoned darts during hunting. Some are still living in Palmaris longus agenesis among major ethnic groups of rural Sabah
Towards a contribution to modularity concepts and principal domains

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Modularity concept emerged in the 1960's within the computer industrial sector, bringing considerable competitive advantages and benefits.Since this period, modular approach has been applied in many industrial sectors, such as automotive, electronics, furniture and others.In this sense, this study examined papers regarding modularity and their applications in the industrial and organizational perspectives, towards a concept better understanding and context where it is applied.A theoretical-conceptual paper was carried out through a hypothetical-deductive method to analyze the publications.Results show similarities and discrepancies among modularity concept variations.In addition, it was perceived that automotive industry has been sorely using modularity in design, production and use.Lastly, benefits, difficulties and recommendations were identified in the modular approach adoption.Thus, it can be concluded that a difficult still remains in defining a unique and broad modularity concept, due to variants according to the modularity approach (design, production, organizational, etc.) utilized.Future studies should search for a better understanding about variations of modularity concept, trying to find what characteristics are predominant throughout all concept variants.
Bridging the Gaps of International Business Practice in Dissimilar Cultural Settings to Increase Social Capital for the Stakeholders: The Case of a Mombasa Community Engagement projects

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This chapter presents a case study of a community engagement project that was established in 2013, between the International Business School of Hanze University of Applied Sciences (UAS), Groningen, the Netherlands, and various communities within Mombasa County, Kenya. From an educational point of view, this engagement helped enrich the curriculum, in terms of learning how business is conducted in a different cultural setting, and how classroom knowledge can be applied within the field. From a community perspective, this engagement acted as a facilitator to knowledge and resource access. The authors highlight aspects that have explicitly added value to the projects, whilst simultaneously presenting engaging dissonance arising from the implementation of the project as well as discussing factors that could be addressed to improve this type of community engagement. The recommendations would be most applicable to projects within similar cultural settings and/or with a similar geographical distance.
Transcription Factors of Direct Neuronal Reprogramming in Ontogenesis and Ex Vivo

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Direct reprogramming technology allows several specific types of cells, including specialized neurons, to be obtained from readily available autologous somatic cells. It presents unique opportunities for the development of personalized medicine, from in vitro models of hereditary and degenerative neurological diseases to novel neuroregenerative technologies. Over the past decade, a plethora of protocols for primary reprogramming has been published, yet reproducible generation of homogeneous populations of neuronally reprogrammed cells still remains a challenge. All existing protocols, however, use transcription factors that are involved in embryonic neurogenesis. This is presumably be the key issue for obtaining highly efficient and reproducible protocols for ex vivo neurogenesis. Analysis of the functional features of transcription factors in embryonic and adult neurogenesis may not only lead to the improvement of reprogramming protocols, but also, via cell marker analysis, can exactly determine the stage of neurogenesis that a particular protocol will reach. The purpose of this review is to characterize the general factors that play key roles in neurogenesis for the embryonic and adult periods, as well as in cellular reprogramming, and to assess correspondence of cell forms obtained as a result of cellular reprogramming to the ontogenetic series of the nervous system, from pluripotent stem cells to specialized neurons.
Robust edge-preserving image restoration in thepresence of non-Gaussian noise

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

An approach to image restoration is presented which combines the properties of classical regularised iterative algorithms and M-estimation. The method is based on a penalised maximum likelihood estimation incorporating a generalised robust objective function which takes into account non-Gaussian noise and edge-preserving image priors. Results are presented which demonstrate the effectiveness of the method with low-resolution noisy images of simulated landmines.
Effect of Lead on the Blood Serum, Liver and Brain Sialoglycoconjugate Levels in Rats

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Rats were exposed to an acute dose of lead (Pb) to study the effect of Pb intoxication on different sialoglycoconjugates in serum, brain and liver. Serum levels of total sialic acid (TSA), perchloric acid (PCA)-soluble sialic acid (PSA), lipid-bound sialic acid (LBSA), free sialic acid (FSA) and α 1 -acid glycoprotein (α 1 -AG) were determined. They were also estimated in brain and liver tissues, except for LBSA and FSA. All these constituents were found to be significantly raised in the serum but not in the brain. In the case of the liver, only α 1 -AG levels were found to be increased significantly, the rest were not altered. The levels of these sialoglycoconjugates in serum might be useful as biomarkers of heavy metal toxicity.