jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase Acting on Carbohydrate Moieties of Glycoproteins

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract A purified ovalbumin glycopeptide, Asn-(GlcNAc)2(Man)5 was [14C]acetylated in the asparagine moiety. Using the [14C]acetylated glycopeptide as a substrate, an endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase was purified 2400-fold from the culture fluid of Diplococcus pneumoniae. The enzyme preparation was practically free from various exoglycosidases and proteases. The enzyme cleaved the di-N-acetylchitobiose structure of the [14C]acetylated glycopeptide, yielding equimolar amounts of [14C]acetyl-Asn-GlcNAc and (Man)5(GlcNAc). The enzyme had a pH optimum of 6.5, with a Km of 0.25 mm and with a Vmax of 4.67 µmoles per mg of protein per min toward the substrate. A mouse myeloma IgG glycopeptide and a bovine IgG glycopeptide was hydrolyzed by the enzyme, only after treatment with β-galactosidase and β-N-acetylglucosaminidase. In both cases the products of the enzymic action were a fucose-containing glycopeptide fragment and a mannose-containing oligosaccharide whose reducing end was N-acetylglucosamine. The enzyme had a strict specificity with respect to the structures of oligomannosyl cores of glycopeptides. Thus, the enzyme hydrolyzed only 20% of glycopeptide mixtures from ovalbumin. Furthermore, the enzyme hydrolyzed porcine thyroglobulin glycopeptides, Unit B (sialic acid containing heteropolysaccharide unit) which had been treated with neuraminidase, β-galactosidase, and β-N-acetylglucosaminidase, but did not hydrolyze calf thyroglobulin glycopeptides, Unit A (mannose-N-acetylglucosamine unit).
Semaware: an ontology-based web recommendation system

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Web Recommendation Systems (WRS's) are used to recommend items and future page views to world wide web users. Web usage mining lays the platform for WRS's, as results of mining user browsing patterns are used for recommendation and prediction. Existing WRS's are still limited by several problems, some of which are the problem of recommending items to a new user whose browsing history is not available (Cold Start), sparse data structures (Sparsity), and no diversity in the set of recommended items (Content Overspecialization). Existing WRS's also fail to make full use of the semantic information about items and the relations (e.g., is-a, has-a, part-of) among them. A domain ontology, advocated by the Semantic Web, provides a formal representation of domain knowledge with relations, concepts and axioms.
This thesis proposes SemAware system, which integrates domain ontology into web usage mining and web recommendation, and increases the effectiveness and efficiency of the system by solving problems of cold start, sparsity, content overspecialization and complexity-accuracy tradeoffs. SemAware technique includes enriching the web log with semantic information through a proposed semantic distance measure based on Jaccard coefficient. A matrix of semantic distances is then used in Semantics-aware Sequential Pattern Mining (SPM) of the web log, and is also integrated with the transition probability matrix of Markov models built from the web log. In the recommendation phase, the proposed SPM and Markov models are used to add interpretability. The proposed recommendation engine uses vector-space model to build an item-concept correlation matrix in combination with user-provided tags to generate top-n recommendation.
Experimental studies show that SemAware outperforms popular recommendation algorithms, and that its proposed components are effective and efficient for solving the contradicting predictions problem, the scalability and sparsity of SPM and top-n recommendations, and content overspecialization problems.
Reform and Revolt in the City of Dreaming Spires: Radical, Socialist and Communist Politics in the City of Oxford 1830–1980

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Books about Oxford have generally focused on the University rather than the city. This original book on the local politics of Oxford City from 1830 to 1980 is based on a comprehensive analysis of primary sources and tells the story of the city’s progressive politics. The book traces this history from Chartism and electoral reform in the mid-nineteenth century, through the early years of socialism to the impact of communism in the interwar period, the struggle between nuclear disarmers and Gaitskellites in the 1960s and the impact of the new revolutionary left in the late 1970s. Throughout the narrative, the book contrasts the two approaches of those engaged in progressive politics, those who focused on the politics of reform and improved government and those who preferred the politics of revolt, protest and revolutionary rhetoric. The author argues that a central feature of this history has been the co-existence and interaction of working- and middle- class elements. It rediscovers a rich heritage, a fascinating story and offers a rare wide-ranging chronological narrative of local UK city politics. Through its extensive quotes from primary sources, the book presents a vivid picture of local politics over 150 years.
Superconducting Nb3Al by combustion synthesis: Structural characterization

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

We report on the synthesis of superconducting Nb3Al intermetallic with a critical temperature of 18 K. Nb–3Al powder compacts were used to fabricate Nb3Al intermetallic by Mechanically Activated SHS (MA-SHS) and Mechanically Activated ElectroThermal Explosion (MA-ETE). Phase composition of the obtained samples was characterized by XRD, SEM, optical microscopy, EDX, and atomic emission spectroscopy (AES).
Recognition Memory for Chess Positions: Some Preliminary Research

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Two important variables affecting recall of chess positions, chess skill and meaningfulness of the material, were investigated in the context of a forcedchoice recognition task. A strict interpretation of Chase and Simon's 1973 model (in Chase, Ed., Visual Information Processing), it is argued, would predict no skill effects. In their model, skill-level differences result from differences in the amount of information encoded, which in turn reflects differences in the characteristic size of units used in encoding. A recognition task does not require complete encoding of the stimulus, and hence should show little skill effect. Nevertheless, recognition accuracy was strongly influenced by chess experience in two different experiments. Analysis of protocols and patterns of recognition for random positions suggested that dynamic features generated during analysis of a position formed a component of the memory representation of that position, especially for better players.
Application of Diffusion Tensor Imaging-Based on Magnetic Resonance in Radiation Therapy of Brain Tumors

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) is a new Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) method that is newly used in clinical practice with no traumatic advantages, which can quantitatively analyze the microstructure of the brain, such as quantitative analysis of the dispersion characteristics of lesions and normal tissues, thus providing more information for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of diseases. At the same time, DTI has a unique advantage in the imaging of white matter fibers in the brain, can visually show the relationship between intracranial lesions, especially tumors and autologous fibers, more conducive to guiding the operation, in order to maximize the removal of tumors and protect functional areas. In order to make the dispersal volume better applied to clinical, this topic mainly hopes to provide a new basis for the benign-malignant classification of brain tumors and the diagnosis of different brain tumors, FA (fractional anisotropy) value. It can provide a stronger basis for the diagnosis of brain tumors, which is rarely done in previous research institutes. Previous studies have rarely dealt with the signal strength of FA diagrams, and extensive research in this area is needed. It is hoped that the signal strength of FA graphs will help diagnose different tumors and grade the malignant degree of brain tumors. Through this experiment, it can be proved that this purpose can be achieved by magnetic resonance dispersion volume imaging. In this study, a comparative analysis method was used to determine the ADC and FA values on the magnetic resonance dispersion weighted image and dispersal volume image of glioma and benign malignant meningioma, thus revealing the important role of this method in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of tumors in the brain and its application value.
Effect of Argon Plasma Treatment on Tribological Properties of UHMWPE/MWCNT Nanocomposites

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) is widely used in artificial joints in the replacement of knee, hip and shoulder that has been impaired as a result of arthritis or other degenerative joint diseases. The UHMWPE made plastic cup is placed in the joint socket in contact with a metal or ceramic ball affixed to a metal stem. Effective reinforcement of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) in UHMWPE results in improved mechanical and tribological properties. The hydrophobic nature of the nanocomposites surface results in lesser contact with biological fluids during the physiological interaction. In this project, we investigate the UHMWPE/MWCNTs nanocomposites reinforced with MWCNTs at different concentrations. The samples were treated with cold argon plasma at different exposure times. The water contact angles for 60 min plasma-treated nanocomposites with 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 wt % MWCNTs were found to be 55.65°, 52.51°, 48.01°, 43.72°, and 37.18° respectively. Increasing the treatment time of nanocomposites has shown transformation from a hydrophobic to a hydrophilic nature due to carboxyl groups being bonded on the surface for treated nanocomposites. Wear analysis was performed under dry, and also under biological lubrication, conditions of all treated samples. The wear factor of untreated pure UHMWPE sample was reduced by 68% and 80%, under dry and lubricated conditions, respectively, as compared to 2 wt % 60 min-treated sample. The kinetic friction co-efficient was also noted under both conditions. The hardness of nanocomposites increased with both MWCNTs loading and plasma treatment time. Similarly, the surface roughness of the nanocomposites was reduced.
Research on Current Situation and Its Future of Frequency Regulation Mode of China Southern Power Grid

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Existing frequency regulation modes applied in China Southern power grid are analyzed and the defects of these modes,such as the coordination of frequency regulation in whole grid,the action of frequency regulation by dispatching center of China Southern power grid,the coordination of primary frequency regulation with secondary frequency regulation,management method of control performance standard(CPS) and control strategy of automatic generation control(AGC),are pointed out.Through the analysis on frequency regulation modes for interconnected power grid and according to actual conditions and development planning of China Southern power grid,the future frequency regulation modes for China Southern power grid are proposed.
0500 STOPBANG QUESTIONNAIRE CORRECTLY DETECTS THE ABSENCE OF OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEA IN THE FIRST TRIMESTER OF PREGNANCY

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Sleep disordered breathing (SDB) is a common occurrence in pregnancy but data assessing the performance of screening tools are scarce in this population. The performance of screening questionnaires may also vary by the stage of pregnancy. The aim of this study was to examine progression of SDB and daytime sleepiness around conception and assess the ability of the STOPBANG and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) questionnaires to detect obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in the first trimester of pregnancy. Women with obesity in the first trimester of a singleton pregnancy were recruited. Participants answered sleep questionnaires (STOPBANG and ESS) regarding current symptoms that occurred since conception (c-) and symptoms that were present prior to pregnancy (pre-). Participants also underwent a level III home sleep apnea test. Sleep apnea was defined as apnea hypopnea index (AHI) ≥5 events per hour and hypopnea defined based on 3% oxygen desaturation. Descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, non-paired t-test, and sensitivity and specificity analyses were performed. A total of 105 women were recruited. Mean age was 29 ± 6; mean BMI was 34.3 ± 8. Thirty percent of women were nulliparous, 10% had pre-gestational hypertension and 2% had pre-gestational diabetes. Mean gestational age at enrollment was 10.5 ± 2 weeks. Eighteen percent of women had OSA. Pre- and c-STOPBANG, correlated strongly (r=0.86, p<0.05), and so did pre-ESS and c-ESS (r=0.80, p<0.05). However, average scores were significantly higher in the 1st trimester (STOPBANG 2.32 ± 1.1 vs. 2.14 ± 1.1, p=0.009, ESS 11 ± 5.3 vs. 8 ± 5.1, p<0.0001) compared to pre-conception. C-STOPBANG and pre-ESS scores were significantly associated with OSA diagnosis (p=0.003 and p=0.03, respectively). Specificity of both pre and c-STOPBANG was 97.5% whereas sensitivity was <17%. Sensitivity of pre-ESS scores was 61% but specificity was poor for both pre- and c-ESS scores. The STOPBANG questionnaire demonstrated good ability to correctly detect patients without a diagnosis of OSA but limited ability to identify patients with OSA. Symptoms of sleep-disordered breathing and daytime sleepiness worsen as early as the first trimester of pregnancy compared to preconception. NICHD 5R01HD078515-03
Aspects of the washout of salmonid eggs. 1. Observations on the physical characteristics of real and artificial eggs, their rate of fall in a water column and their pattern of settlement in an experimental channel

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

When salmonid redds are disrupted by spates, the displaced eggs will drift downstream. The mean distance of travel, the types of locations in which the eggs resettle and the depth of reburial of displaced eggs are not known. Investigation of these topics under field conditions presents considerable practical problems, though the use of artificial eggs might help to overcome some of them. Attempts to assess the similarities and/or differences in performance between real and artificial eggs are essential before artificial eggs can validly be used to simulate real eggs. The present report first compares the two types of egg in terms of their measurable physical characteristics (e.g. dimensions and density). The rate at which eggs fall in still water will relate to the rate at which they are likely to resettle in flowing water in the field. As the rate of fall will be influenced by a number of additional factors (e.g. shape and surface texture) which are not easily measured directly, the rates of fall of the two types of egg have been compared directly under controlled conditions. Finally, comparisons of the pattern of settlement of the two types of egg in flowing water in an experimental channel have been made. Although the work was primarily aimed at testing the value of artificial eggs as a simulation of real eggs, several side issues more directly concerned with the properties of real eggs and the likely distance of drift in natural streams have also been explored. This is the first of three reports made on this topic by the author in 1984.
Violence by Other Means: Denunciation and Belonging in Post-Imperial Poland, 1918–1923

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Recent scholarship on post-imperial Eastern Europe has emphasised the continuation of wartime violence in post-war states. Focusing on the early years of the Polish Second Republic, this article considers how the ‘unmixing’ of Eastern European peoples also unfolded in ways not explicitly violent. Specifically, I demonstrate how the sorting of returning refugees on Poland's new frontiers, the culling of personnel from the former imperial civil service and the submission of citizen denunciations helped to disaggregate loyal citizens from hostile foreigners. All of these practices highlight the importance of internal bordering as a process that accompanied the formal drawing of international boundaries in this period.
Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibition Increases Postprandial Norepinephrine via Substance P (NK1 Receptor) During RAAS Inhibition

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Context Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) inhibitors may increase the risk of heart failure. Decreased degradation of vasoactive peptides like substance P [also degraded by angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)] and Y1 agonists peptide YY (PYY 1-36) and neuropeptide Y (NPY 1-36) could contribute. Objective This study tested the hypothesis that there is an interactive effect of DPP4 inhibition and ACE inhibition (vs antihypertensive control subjects) on vasoactive peptides after a mixed meal. Participants and Design Fifty-three patients with type 2 diabetes and hypertension were randomized to double-blind treatment with ramipril, valsartan, or amlodipine for 15 weeks in parallel groups. During the 5th, 10th, and 15th weeks, participants also received placebo + placebo, sitagliptin 100 mg/d + placebo, and sitagliptin + aprepitant 80 mg/d in random order. On the last day of each crossover treatment, participants underwent a mixed-meal study. Results Sitagliptin increased postprandial glucagon-like peptide-1 and decreased glucose in all antihypertensive groups. Sitagliptin increased NPY 1-36 and decreased Y2 agonists NPY 3-36 and PYY 3-36 in all groups. During ramipril or valsartan, but not amlodipine, sitagliptin increased postprandial norepinephrine; substance P receptor blockade with aprepitant prevented this effect. Despite increased norepinephrine, sitagliptin decreased postprandial blood pressure during ACE inhibition. Conclusion DPP4 inhibition increases postprandial concentrations of the Y1 agonist NPY 1-36. During treatment with an ACE inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker, DPP4 inhibition increased postprandial norepinephrine through a substance P receptor–dependent mechanism. Increased NPY 1-36 and norepinephrine could increase risk of heart failure but did not result in higher postprandial blood pressure.
Superiority of Tandem Autologous Transplantation Over Standard Therapy for Previously Untreated Multiple Myeloma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Virtually no progress has been made during more than 2 decades of clinical trials for multiple myeloma (MM) involving standard therapy (ST). Recent studies suggest that dose intensification requiring hematopoietic stem cell support results in higher complete response (CR) rates and extended disease control. “Total Therapy” (TT) consisting of non–cross-resistant induction regimens, followed by a double autotransplant (AT) procedure, was administered to 123 untreated patients with symptomatic MM. Upon hematologic recovery, interferon (IFN) maintenance (3 million units [MU]/m2 subcutaneously thrice weekly) was given until disease recurrence/progression. Results were compared with the outcome of untreated patients receiving ST according to Southwest Oncology Group (SWOG) trials. One hundred sixteen pair mates were selected from both TT and among 1,123 patients to match for the major prognostic features. TT induced CR in 40% of all 123 patients (intent-to-treat). By 12 months, 7% had died, including 4% from treatment-related complications. With a median follow-up of 31 months, median durations of event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) are 49 and 62+ months, respectively. Abnormalities of chromosomes 11q and 13 were associated with inferior outcome, whereas CR within 6 months after induction was a favorable prognostic feature for both EFS and OS. In comparison to ST, TT induced higher PR rates (85% v 52%, P < .0001) (CR rates not available on SWOG trials) and extended EFS (49 v 22 months, P = .0001) and OS (62+ v 48 months, P = .01). Compared to ST, dose intensification with double AT markedly augments tumor cytoreduction, effecting not only higher CR rates but also significantly extending EFS and OS in previously untreated patients with MM.
Molecular Detection and Identification of Theileria Species by PCR-RFLP Method in Sheep from Ahvaz, Southern Iran.

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Ovine theileriosis caused by T. ovis is highly prevalent in southwest Iran while T. lestoquardi and T. annulata infection can be detected in a lesser propor-tion of sheep in this region. The new PCR-RFLP method that was designed in this study, can serve as a beneficial diagnostic tool, especially in T. ovis prevalent re-gions.
Construction of Bivariate Copulas on a Multivariate Exponentially Weighted Moving Average Control Chart

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

The control chart is an important tool in multivariate statistical process control (MSPC), which for monitoring, control, and improvement of the process control.In this paper, we propose six types of copula combinations for use on a Multivariate Exponentially Weighted Moving Average (MEWMA) control chart.Observations from an exponential distribution with dependence measured with Kendall's tau for moderate and strong positive and negative dependence (where ) among the observations were generated by using Monte Carlo simulations to measure the Average Run Length (ARL) as the performance metric and should be sufficiently large when the process is in-control on a MEWMA control chart.In this study, we develop an approach performance on the MEWMA control chart based on copula combinations by using the Monte Carlo simulations.The results show that the out-of-control (ARL 1 ) values for were less than for in almost all cases.The performances of the Farlie-Gumbel-Morgenstern Ali-Mikhail-Haq copula combination was superior to the others for all shifts with strong positive dependence among the observations and .Moreover, when the magnitudes of the shift were very large, the performance metric values for observations with moderate and strong positive and negative dependence followed the same pattern.
Inheritance and Linkage Relationship of Dwarf Habit in Rice

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Six crosses involving five japonica parents, and one indica extract of cross (A 26 × N 22) were studied for the inheritance of genes governing dwarf habit, liguleless condition, anthocyanin pigmentation in leaf blade and linkage relationship of genes governing these characters. In this attempt, a specific marker gene (d2) from japonica was transferred to indica backgrond. The true breeding dwarf indica extract was isolated and crossed to Marker 18 for linkage study.