jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Dynamics and epigenetic control of PcG proteins during skeletal muscle cell differentiation

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

During skeletal muscle differentiation, signal dependent switches in cell differentiation programs require global rearrangements in repression and activation of lineage specific genes, hence the importance of unravelling epigenetic mechanisms that control these dynamics and their integration with signaling pathways. Polycomb Group (PcG) proteins are transcriptional repressors that modify chromatin through epigenetic modifications that prevent changes in cell identity by maintaining transcription patterns, throughout development and in adulthood. PcG proteins form two major multiprotein complexes, Polycomb repressive complex 1 and 2 (PRC1 and PRC2, respectively), the latter containing the catalytic subunit, EZH2 that modifies histone H3 by trimethylation of lysine 27 (H3K27me3). While EZH2 promotes transcriptional repression of muscle specific genes, transcriptional activation that accompanies skeletal muscle differentiation is characterized by loss of EZH2 and recruitment of transcriptional activators, such as MyoD and SRF, at muscle regulatory regions(Caretti et al. 2004). Although much is known about the processes regulated by PcG proteins, little is known about signaling dependent pathway mechanisms that regulate PcG dynamics onto the chromatin. We used C2C12 mouse cell line as a skeletal muscle differentiation model to gain insight into the role of different PRC2 components during this process and into the the signaling pathways that regulates PRC2 dynamics at muscle target loci. We report that two different PRC2 complexes are present during skeletal muscle differentiation: PRC2-EZH2, that is predominant in proliferating myoblasts and PRC2-EZH1 that is specific for postmitotic myotubes. We show that these two complexes are differentially involved in the regulation of skeletal muscle differentiation. We demonstrate that the opposite dynamics of PRC2-EZH2 and PRC2-EZH1 at muscle regulatory regions is differentially regulated at the chromatin level by MAPK- (MSK1) dependent phospho/methyl switch mechanism involving phosphorylation of the lysine 28 of the histone H3 (H3Ser28ph), enabling to counteract the function of the PRC2 complex docking site H3K27me3. We report that, while MSK1/H3Ser28ph is crucial for the displacement of the PRC2-EZH2 from muscle regulatory regions,allowing gene activation and muscle differentiation, this pathway does not influence PRC2-EZH1 binding to chromatin, anticipating a novel PcG function in post-mitotic cells. Taken together, our results suggest that the phosphorylation of H3Ser28 by MSK1 plays a key role in epigenetic gene regulation and this modification is necessary for skeletal muscle differentiation.
RECONSTRUCTION OF LARGE BONE DEFECTS BY MESENCHYMAL STEM CELL DERIVED CHONDROGENIC CELLS (MSC-DC)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Reconstruction of 10mm segmental bone defects in rat by mesenchymal stem cell derived chondrogenic cells (MSC-DC) Background Mesenchymal stem cell derived condrogenic cells (MSC-DC) have excellent potential for healing 5 mm bone defect in rat femur. Purpose To evaluate the effectiveness of MSC-DC on bone healing in 10 mm segmental bone defects in rat femur. Methods 10 millimeter bone defects were produced in rat femur and fixed with external fixator. We divided this model into four groups according to the kind of graft for bone defects. These bone defects were grafted by MSC-DC seeded on a poly (DL-lactic acid-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) scaffold in Group A, MSC seeded on a PLGA scaffold in Group B, PLGA scaffold only in Group C, and autologus bone graft in Group D. The healing processes were monitored radiographically and studied biomechanically and histologically. Results All the bone defects in Group A healed radiographically with bridging callus formation at 4 weeks after the procedure, while none of Group B, C, and D had achieved bone union even at 8 weeks. Mechanical testing revealed that Group A showed approximately 40 % bending strength at 4 weeks compared with the contralateral side, and approximately 60 % at 8 weeks. In histology, Group A, maturation of bridging callus occurred from outside and enchondral ossification was prominent from inside. Conclusion This study showed that MSC-DC with PLGA scaffold enhances bone healing even in large bone defects.
Improving Signal Quality in Terahertz Communications with Neural Networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The emergence of 6G wireless networks brings a lot of potential in advanced wireless applications, but also faces plenty of challenges. This work aims to address the challenges posed by the emerging 6G networks, specifically in the terahertz band (252-325 GHz). The goal is to meet the demanding requirements of high data rates, low latency, and increased reliability. To overcome this, this work proposes an ML model for enhanced signal processing that incorporates domain knowledge of the terahertz field into the traditional ML architecture. The proposed model is demonstrated to be able to increase linearity of the received signal by 68.3% compared to the Volterra filtering method, and a linearity increase of 23.9% compared to a benchmark ResNet model without domain knowledge.
Science and the Study of God: A Mutuality Model for Theology and Science. By ALAN G. PADGETT.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Journal Article Science and the Study of God: A Mutuality Model for Theology and Science. By Alan G. Padgett. Get access Science and the Study of God: A Mutuality Model for Theology and Science. By Alan G Padgett. Pp. xiv + 218. Grand Rapids, MI: William B. Eerdmans, 2003. isbn0 8028 3941 X. Paper $22/£15.99. Willem B. Drees Willem B. Drees 1Faculty of Theology, Leiden University *wb@drees.nl Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Journal of Theological Studies, Volume 58, Issue 1, 1 April 2007, Pages 377–379, https://doi.org/10.1093/jts/fll106 Published: 10 October 2006
Prokinetic agents in adult intensive care unit patients (PATIENCE)—An international inception cohort study protocol

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Feeding intolerance is common in critically ill patients and can lead to malnutrition. Prokinetic agents may be used to enhance the uptake of nutrition. However, the evidence on the effectiveness and safety of prokinetic agents is sparse, and there is a lack of data on their use in intensive care units (ICU). Methods We will conduct an international 14‐day inception cohort study of 1000 acutely admitted adult ICU patients. Data will be collected from ICU admission and daily during ICU stay for up to 90 days. The primary outcome will be the proportion of ICU patients who receive prokinetic agents. Secondary outcomes include mortality, days alive without life support, days alive out of ICU, days alive out of hospital (all within 90 days) and the number of patients with one or more serious adverse events. Results We will present data on the use of prokinetic agents descriptively and use Cox regressions with death and ICU discharge as competing events to evaluate the association between patient characteristics and the use of prokinetic agents. We will use extended Cox models with time‐varying covariates and linear regression models to assess the associations between the use of prokinetic agents and the secondary outcomes. Conclusion The outlined international cohort study will provide valuable epidemiological data on the use of prokinetic agents in adult, acutely admitted ICU patients.
Simulation of reversible polycondensations with monomer having reactivity different from that of higher homologs

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Reversible AB‐type polycondensations have been simulated in a batch reactor where the monomer reacts with itself or any higher oligomer with a rate constant R times that for higher mers. Similarly, the rate of reaction of the condensation product with an AB group at the end of a polymer chain has been assumed to be R' times that with an “internal” AB group. The variation of the number‐average chain length μ n with time (until equilibrium is reached) has been obtained. μ n is found to be lower and the polydispersity index higher in the presence of the reverse reactions. Where the equilibrium conversions are high enough, a split in the molecular‐weight distribution (MWD) curves is observed for even‐ and odd‐order homologs for R < 1, though this effect is considerably diminished as compared with that in similar irreversible polycondensations. It is also found that the most probable distribution does not adequately represent the MWD when the functional groups violate the equal‐reactivity hypothesis and number‐average chain lengths are relatively small.
Rewriting Literary History

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

of the marginal status of drama the canon of American No doubt some of her telling facts will be news to many the profession. (No PMLA article since 1953!) But no student of the theatre will have any difficulty accepting her overall argument. When I was at the Yale School of Drama the mid-seventies, one in joke was a naturalization of Andre Gide's most famous putdown: Who is America's greatest playwright? Eugene O'Neill, alas. In our humor, we followed the taste of our Dean, Robert Brustein, who had definitively entitled his seminal essay on and of postwar theatrical anti-Americanism Why American Plays Are Not Literature. Although he eventually wrote defense of both O'Neill and much of the best theatrical literature of the sixties, seventies, and eighties, this 1959 article Brustein complained that the American dramatist was removed, if not completely cut off, from the mainstream of intellectual and literary discourse subject matter, writing style, associations, attitudes and ideas. But even if this were true of the playwrights of the fifties, it has certainly not always been the case; American drama between the world wars, to cite the most notable example, was at the heart of American social and intellectual life. Yet how rarely scholars and theorists outside the field of American theatre history include drama their studies and curricula. Perhaps, as Professor Smith suggests, the aesthetic assumptions of New Criticism were not wellsuited to the analysis of dramatic literature, but different modes of criticism now dominate the academic marketplace. Yet where are the feminist critics (and others) who, if not willing to champion our female playwrights, will at
Priming effects of propofol during induction of anesthesia

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Background: The priming principle is a method to reduce the total dose requirements of a drug. This study was carried out to evaluate whether the priming technique reduces the total induction dose requirements of propofol. Materials and Methods: Fifty (50) patients with American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) I and ASA II grades, of both sexes, aged 18-65 years, and undergoing elective surgical procedures under general anesthesia were randomly allocated into two equal groups with 25 patients each. Group I (control) received 3 mL of normal saline (placebo) intravenously (IV) as priming 2 min prior to the calculated dose of injection (inj.) propofol. Group II (study) received 0.5 mg/kg of inj. propofol as the priming dose 2 min prior to receiving a titrated dose of propofol. The titrated dose of propofol was given till loss of the eyelash reflex or loss of verbal command. Baseline hemodynamic variables were recorded at 2 min after priming and immediately after the titrated dose of propofol. Results: The hemodynamic changes in the heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) at different time intervals were similar in both groups (P > 0.05). The control group consumed a higher dose of inj. propofol (119.84 ± 12.28 mg) as compared with the study group (107.58 ± 14.73 mg), i.e., there was 10.23% reduction of the total dose in the study group. Most of the patients (80%) in both the groups were without any associated side effects and the incidence was similar (P = 1.00). Conclusion: The priming technique effectively reduced the total induction dose requirements of propofol and minimized periintubation hemodynamic alterations with minimal adverse effects.
Specific heat of simple liquids

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Residual specific heats c v/* are calculated from a Weeks-Chandler-Andersen-type perturbation theory for Lennard-Jones (LJ) and two-centre-Lennard-Jones (2CLJ) liquids. For spherical molecules the theory predicts that as the density is increased up to slightly above three times the critical density (ρc), c v/* increases to 2R. Corresponding states considerations indicate that rotational degrees of freedom in 2CLJ fluids make no contributions to c v/*. Comparing with real liquids, the theoretical predictions of c v/* agree, within the accuracy of the experiments, with experimental data for liquid argon, methane, and oxygen, at densities ρ/ρc > 2·5. For ethane, the theoretical predictions of c v/*, assuming a 2CLJ fluid with elongation L = 0·67, are too low. This deficiency in the theory for long molecules is attributed to the neglect of the angle-dependence of the background correlation function. However, computer simulation results for c v/* in 2CLJ fluids of elongation L = 0·67 agree with the perturbation theory predictions for the spherical LJ liquid at corresponding states. Again, for ρ/ρc > 2·5, both these latter results agree with the experimental values for ethane, within or nearly within the experimental accuracy.
ESTIMATION OF MIXED DISTRIBUTIONS ON VEHICULAR TRAFFIC MEASUREMENTS USING THE BLUETOOTH R © TECHNOLOGY

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

In this work we build on the idea of using Bluetooth sensors as a new intelli-gent transportation system application of estimating travel time along a section of a highway. Given the existence of High Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) lanes and Express lanes in the U.S highway network, a mixed population estimation problem naturally arises. This estimation problem is attacked from three different perspectives: (i) in light of the Expectation Maximization (EM) algorithm, (ii) using Maximum Like-lihood Estimation (MLE) techniques and finally (iii) applying a cluster-separation approach to our mixed dataset. The robust performance of the first approach leads to an EM-inspired MLE technique, a hybrid of (i) and (ii) which combines the good estimation accuracy of EM based algorithms and the lower complexity of MLE techniques. The limitations and performance of all four approaches are tested on actual vehicular data on dif-ferent highway segments in two different U.S states. The superiority of the hybrid approach is shown along with it’s limitations.
Source–sink plasmid transfer dynamics maintain gene mobility in soil bacterial communities

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Significance Bacterial adaptation through horizontal gene transfer is central to microbial evolution and, in the context of antibiotic resistance, represents a growing clinical threat. Conjugative plasmids are key mediators of genetic exchange both within and between species. Experimental studies have mostly focused on plasmid population dynamics in single-species populations, but between-species transfer could counteract purifying selection and maintain plasmids in hosts that would otherwise lose them. We show that plasmids can be lost from single-species populations, even when their genes are under selection, because beneficial genes are captured by the chromosome. In contrast, experiments and models show that, in a two-species community, between-species transfer maintains community-wide access to plasmids, promoting the spread of the ecologically and clinically important genes they carry.
Primary choroidal melanoma followed by two metachronous ipsilateral ocular metastases

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose . To describe two ipsilateral, metachronous, ocular choroidal melanoma metastases. Material and methods . A 64-year-old choroidal melanoma patient was initially treated with palladium-103 ophthalmic plaque brachytherapy which induced local control of the primary cancer. Seven years later, ophthalmic findings of a second, ipsilateral, discrete choroidal melanoma prompted restaging which revealed new hepatic and nodal metastases. Systemic immunotherapy (ipilimumab 3 mg/kg with nivolumab 1 mg/kg IV every 3 weeks 4 doses) resulted in intraocular tumor regression and was followed by maintenance nivolumab 480 mg IV every 4 weeks with follow-up ophthalmic examinations. Results . Three years after initiation of systemic immunotherapy, the patient was found to have a second ipsilateral local recurrence of choroidal melanoma. It presented with retinal detachment, uveitis, and optic neuritis. Then, due to its anterior uveal location, extrascleral tumor extension was amenable to a diagnostic biopsy. Overall, 3 years after onset of metastatic uveal melanoma and 2 months after her second ocular metastasis, the patient died. This was 10 years after the initial diagnosis of choroidal melanoma. Conclusions . Metastatic choroidal melanoma can present twice in the same eye as the primary tumor. Ophthalmic and systemic examinations allowed for immunotherapy to affect initial systemic regression, vision sparing, and globe salvage.
Taxonomy of Atlantic Central African orchids 3. A new species of Bulbophyllum Thouars (Orchidaceae) from the Monts de Cristal, Gabon

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Two specimens of an apparently new Bulbophylum species were found in the Monts de Cristal, Gabon. They have a unique leaf shape among the species of this genus in Continental Africa. The flower shares the general morphology of Bulbophyllum saltatorium, one of the most common members of Bulbophyllum in Central Africa. Eight other taxa of the Continental African Bulbophyllum possess unifoliate pseudobulbs and long hairs on the lip. Comparison with them indicates that the new collections from Gabon represent a distinctive species, not yet known in the genus. We describe it here as Bulbophyllum pauwelsianum. The distinguishing features of the species include its leaves, which are pendant, coriaceous, linear, semiterete and v-shaped in transverse section, and its sepals, which possess relatively long hairs on their margins. A table of the taxonomic treatments of the nine Continental African Bulbophyllum taxa considered here is included. A taxonomic key and a table of the diagnostic characters of these nine taxa are given to facilitate identification. The new species is restricted to lowland forests of the Monts de Cristal in Gabon. A preliminary assessment of the conservation status, using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria is provided.
Immunization of human HIV-seronegative volunteers with recombinant p17/p24

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To evaluate the immune response to HIV-1 p24 generated in vivo by p17/p24:Ty virus-like particles (p17/p24:Ty-VLP) by examining the lymphoproliferative and antibody (Ab) responses to HIV-1 p24, as well as Gag-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), in HIV-seronegative volunteers immunized with hybrid p17/p24:Ty-VLP. Design and methods Sixteen HIV-seronegative volunteers were immunized with p17/p24:Ty-VLP at two dose levels (100 or 500$mU.g) and monitored for the following 48 weeks for production of anti-p24 and anti-p17 Ab, in vitro lymphoproliferative responses to HIV-1 p24 and p17, and in vitro CTL responses to HIV-1 Gag. Results Twelve out of the 16 volunteers had significant p24-specific proliferative responses, with volunteers on the higher dose schedule exhibiting earlier proliferative responses than those on the lower dose schedule. Proliferative responses in both volunteer groups were similar in overall magnitude but appeared at different times during the immunization schedule. Anti-p24 Ab were detected in six out of the nine individuals in the lower dose group and in five out of the seven in the higher dose group. There was a good correlation between the presence of p24-specific Ab and the detection of lymphoproliferative responses to the p24 protein in peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated from the same individuals. Anti-p17 Ab were detected in five volunteers. No Gag-specific CTL responses were detected. Conclusion We conclude that hybrid HIV-1 p17/p24:Ty-VLP are capable of inducing both cellular and humoral immunity to HIV-1 Gag p17 and p24 components and are worthy of further study as a potential HIV immunotherapeutic.
'I'm only doing it to get in the black gown’: Dream and Reality for Adults in Part‐time Higher Education

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract This paper argues that there is a rich variety of goals and motivations to be found among adults studying for arts and social studies awards in higher education institutions. The way in which the purposes of degree‐level study are described by participants is significantly influenced by age, gender and economic position. The purposes of study may also be best revealed in retrospect. The research reported here was a case study of the University of Warwick part‐time degree programme. At the time of the research there had been five years of enrolment, and the first students had just graduated.
Se‐dopant Modulated Selective Co‐Insertion of H+ and Zn2+ in MnO2 for High‐Capacity and Durable Aqueous Zn‐Ion Batteries

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract MnO 2 is commonly used as the cathode material for aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (AZIBs). The strong Coulombic interaction between Zn ions and the MnO 2 lattice causes significant lattice distortion and, combined with the Jahn–Teller effect, results in Mn 2+ dissolution and structural collapse. While proton intercalation can reduce lattice distortion, it changes the electrolyte pH, producing chemically inert byproducts. These issues greatly affect the reversibility of Zn 2+ intercalation/extraction, leading to significant capacity degradation of MnO 2 . Herein, we propose a novel method to enhance the cycling stability of δ‐MnO 2 through selenium doping (Se−MnO 2 ). Our work indicates that varying the selenium doping content can regulate the intercalation ratio of H + in MnO 2 , thereby suppressing the formation of ZnMn 2 O 4 by‐products. Se doping mitigates the lattice strain of MnO 2 during Zn 2+ intercalation/deintercalation by reducing Mn−O octahedral distortion, modifying Mn−O bond length upon Zn 2+ insertion, and alleviating Mn dissolution caused by the Jahn–Teller effect. The optimized Se−MnO 2 (Se concentration of 0.8 at.%) deposited on carbon nanotube demonstrates a notable capacity of 386 mAh g −1 at 0.1 A g −1 , with exceptional long‐term cycle stability, retaining 102 mAh g −1 capacity after 5000 cycles at 3.0 A g −1 .
Mining and Local Corruption in Africa

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract We investigate whether mining affects local corruption in Africa. Several cross‐country analyses report that natural resources have adverse effects on political institutions by increasing corruption, whereas other country‐level studies show no evidence of such “political resource curses.” These studies face well‐known endogeneity and other methodological issues, and employing micro‐level data would allow for drawing stronger inferences. Hence, we connect 92,762 Afrobarometer survey respondents to spatial data on 496 industrial mines. Using a difference‐in‐differences strategy, we find that mining increases bribe payments, and this result is robust to using alternative models. Mines are initially located in less corrupt areas, but mining areas turn more corrupt after mines open. When exploring mechanisms, we find that local economic activity relates differently to corruption in mining and non‐mining areas, suggesting that mining income incentivizes and enables local officials already present to require more bribes.