jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Top university managers and affirmative action

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to analyse if the existence of equal opportunity legislative frameworks and affirmative action programs make any difference to the way senior managers perceive the role of top university managers in influencing women's position in their institutions. A comparative study was therefore undertaken between a country with traditions in implementing AA in universities - Australia - and another which has no tradition in this domain - Portugal. Design/methodology/approach - A qualitative methodology was chosen to collect and analyse data. A total of 44 interviews with male and female university senior managers - 21 in Australia and 23 in Portugal - were conducted by the principal researcher in each country. Findings - When describing the role of top managers, gender equality was not often mentioned, suggesting that it may not be a topic on the current institutional political agenda either in Australia or in Portugal. When specifically asked about gender, respondents considered that Rectors and VCs in the two countries took opposite positions with Australian VCs being more aware of their role in improving gender equality. The study therefore concluded that the existence of equal opportunities frameworks and AA policies may have an influence in increasing top managers' awareness of their roles in improving women's representation in management teams. Research limitations/implications - The research was restricted to public universities. In Portugal the system is more diverse and comparing HE with private and polytechnic institutions could provide important insights about senior managers' roles in relation to improving women's position in HE. More in-depth qualitative studies are needed, to obtain top managers' perceptions of the variables that impact on their views and attitudes to women in senior management. Practical implications - This study provides new and innovative contributions to knowledge about the perceptions of senior managers of their top managers and their roles in eliminating gender discrimination and the influence of affirmative action in HE in these perceptions. Originality/value - This paper contributes to the discussion on the advantages and disadvantages of using affirmative action programmes by analyzing a dimension which has not been explored - its impact on senior managers' perceptions of their role in promoting gender equality in HEIs.
Bridging Familiarity with Unfamiliarity: The Use of Music Therapy to Normalize the Pediatric Hospital Environment

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This article explores how music therapy can help to normalize the hospital environment for pediatric patients regardless of their acute or long-term status. Many different facets of how normalization can be utilized through music therapy are explained, as well as some case examples to further demonstrate these circumstances. The main concept of this article is to reflect upon how normalization of the hospital environment, via music therapy, may provide pediatric patients with an opportunity to explore their healthy selves rather than focusing on their illness or medical ailments. Case vignettes are also provided to enlighten the many facets of normalization and show how music therapy may offer unique ways of accessing feelings of normalization.
Defect Modelling of Martensitic Transformations in NiTi

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Recent advances in the theoretical understanding of interfacial defects enable both the deformation and extent of diffusional flux associated with defect motion during phase transformation to be determined quantitatively. In the present paper this appreciation is used to show that transformations which proceed by the generation, motion and interaction of interfacial defects can only be diffusionless when special crystallographic circumstances pertain. The principal steps in modelling such transformations are outlined, and the results for the case of NiTi are presented.
PERSEPSI PETANI TERHADAP PENGGUNAAN KREDIT USAHA RAKYAT (KUR) DALAM MENINGKATKAN USAHATANI KOPI DI KECAMATAN SIBOLANGIT

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Farmer’s Perceptions of the Use of People’s Business Credit (PBC) in Improving Coffee Farming Businesses in Sibolangit District, Deli Serdang Regency. This study aims to examine the level of farmer’s perceptions and examine the factors that influence farmer’s perceptions of the use of People’s Business Credit (PBC) in improving coffee farming. This research was conducted in Sibolangit District, Deli Serdang Regency, from April to June 2023. The data collection methods were interviews, questionnaires tested for validity and reliability, and recording, while the data analysis method used a Likert scale and multiple linear regression. The study results show that the level of farmer’s perception of using People’s Business Credit (PBC) in improving coffee farming is 82.42 percent. Partial further tests using tcount show that the factors of length of farming, income level, role of extension workers, social environment, and PBC socialization have quite a significant influence, with the tcount value being greater than the table.
Fundamental Studies of the Reforming of Oxygenated Compounds over Supported Metal Catalysts

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The main objective of our research has been to elucidate fundamental concepts associated with controlling the activity, selectivity, and stability of bifunctional, metal-based heterogeneous catalysts for tandem reactions, such as liquid-phase conversion of oxygenated hydrocarbons derived from biomass. We have shown that bimetallic catalysts that combine a highly-reducible metal (e.g., platinum) with an oxygen-containing metal promoter (e.g., molybdenum) are promising materials for conversion of oxygenated hydrocarbons because of their high activity for selective cleavage for carbon-oxygen bonds. We have developed methods to stabilize metal nanoparticles against leaching and sintering under liquid-phase reaction conditions by using atomic layer deposition (ALD) to apply oxide overcoat layers. We have used controlled surface reactions to produce bimetallic catalysts with controlled particle size and controlled composition, with an important application being the selective conversion of biomass-derived molecules. The synthesis of catalysts by traditional methods may produce a wide distribution of metal particle sizes and compositions; and thus, results from spectroscopic and reactions kinetics measurements have contributions from a distribution of active sites, making it difficult to assess how the size and composition of the metal particles affect the nature of the surface, the active sites, and the catalytic behavior. Thus, we have developed methods to synthesize bimetallic nanoparticles with controlled particle size and controlled composition to achieve an effective link between characterization and reactivity, and between theory and experiment. We have also used ALD to modify supported metal catalysts by addition of promoters with atomic-level precision, to produce new bifunctional sites for selective catalytic transformations. We have used a variety of techniques to characterize the metal nanoparticles in our catalysts, including scanning transmission electron microcopy (STEM) to measure size and structure, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) to measure atomic composition, X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) to measure oxidation state and metal coordination, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to study adsorbed species, laser Raman spectroscopy to probe metal oxide promoters, and temperature programmed reaction/desorption to study the energetics of adsorption and desorption processes. We have studied our bimetallic catalysts for the selective cleavage of carbon-oxygen bonds, and we have studied the effects of adding metal oxide promoters to supported platinum and gold catalysts for water-gas shift (i.e., the production of hydrogen by reaction of carbon monoxide with water). We anticipate that the knowledge obtained from our studies will allow us to identify promising directions for new catalysts that show high activity, selectivity, and stability for important reactions, such as the conversion of biomass-derived oxygenated hydrocarbons to fuels and chemicals.
Humans and Machines in the Evolution of AI in Korea

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Artificial intelligence in Korea is currently prospering. The media are regularly reporting AI‐enabled products such as smart advisors, personal robots, autonomous cars, and human‐level intelligence machines. The IT industry is investing in deep learning and AI to maintain the global competitive edge in its services and products. The Ministry of Science, ICT, and Future Planning (MSIP) has launched new funding programs in AI and cognitive science to implement the government's newly adopted endeavor of building a creative economy and software‐centered society. However, AI did not always flourish as it now does. Similar to the history of AI worldwide, AI research and industry in Korea have faced both ups and downs in their history.
From Folklore to Intangible Cultural Heritage

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

From Folklore to Intangible Cultural Heritage This article is a review of the study entitled Ritualising Cultural Heritage and Re-enchanting Rituals in Europe, authored by Alessandro Testa (Durham: Carolina Academic Press, 2023, pp. 253). Od folkloru do niematerialnego dziedzictwa kulturowego Recenzja monografii naukowej Ritualising Cultural Heritage and Re-enchanting Rituals in Europe, autorstwa Alessandra Testy (Durham: Carolina Academic Press, 2023, 253 ss.).
Metabonomics Study on Luteolin Intervention of Breast Cancer MCF-7 Cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The metabolic profiles of control and MCF-7 cells treated with luteolin were analyzed separately using gas chromatography /mass spectrometry( GC /MS) to study the mechanism of the luteolin treatment on MCF-7 cells. Cell viability assays showed that luteolin had inhibition effect on MCF-7 cells. Partial least square discriminant analysis( OPLS-DA) was used to process the metabolic data. Since cells in phase of S were increased significantly,we speculated that luteolin had a blocking effect on pentose phosphate pathway of MCF-7 cells,which contributed to its inhibition effect on proliferation of MCF-7 cells.
Effectiveness of treatment for alcohol problems: Findings of the randomised United Kingdom Alcohol Treatment Trial (UKATT)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: To compare the effectiveness of social behaviour and network therapy, a new treatment for alcohol problems, with that of the proved motivational enhancement therapy. \n \nDesign: Pragmatic randomised trial. \n \nSetting: Seven treatment sites around Birmingham, Cardiff, and Leeds. \n \nParticipants: 742 clients with alcohol problems; 689 (93.0%) were interviewed at three months and 617 (83.2%) at 12 months. \n \nInterventions: Social behaviour and network therapy and motivational enhancement therapy. \n \nMain outcome measures: Changes in alcohol consumption, alcohol dependence, and alcohol related problems over 12 months. \n \nResults: Both groups reported substantial reductions in alcohol consumption, dependence, and problems, and better mental health related quality of life over 12 months. Between groups we found only one significant difference in outcome, probably due to chance: the social network group showed significantly better physical health at three months. Non-significant differences at 12 months in the motivational group relative to the social network group included: the number of drinks consumed per drinking day had decreased by an extra 1.1 (95% confidence interval -1.0 to 3.2); scores on the Leeds dependence questionnaire had improved by an extra 0.6 (-0.7 to 2.0); scores on the alcohol problems questionnaire had improved by an extra 0.5 (-0.4 to 1.4); but the number of days abstinent from drinking had increased by 1.2% less (-4.5% to 6.9%). \n \nConclusion: The novel social behaviour and network therapy for alcohol problems did not differ significantly in effectiveness from the proved motivational enhancement therapy. \n \n
Figure 2 from Kinobead Profiling Reveals Reprogramming of BCR Signaling in Response to Therapy within Primary CLL Cells

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<p>Kinobead profiling of primary CLL cells. <b>A,</b> Schematic of the kinobead approach involving primary CLL cells. Protein lysates were prepared from primary cells from patients with CLL (<i>n</i> = 40) incubated with control F(ab')<sub>2</sub> antibody (no stimulation) or anti-IgM. Kinase binding was assessed using Ki-NET beads and MS. <b>B</b>, Heatmap showing responses for signature of 104 kinases illustrating relative changes in kinase binding (log<sub>2</sub> fold change vs. control cells) in response to sIgM stimulation for each patient. <b>C,</b> Heatmaps showing signature of 32 kinases for signaler patients. Each patient (columns) was stratified on the basis of either sIgM expression or the proportion of malignant cells capable of iCa<sup>2+</sup> flux. <b>D,</b> Graph derived from STRING analysis of the 32-kinase fingerprint, illustrating the KEGG pathways identified by STRING analysis and the number of kinases from the fingerprint that are involved in each pathway. Pathways are ordered on the basis of FDR. <b>E,</b> Graph to show changes in identified KEGG pathways in signaler patients compared with non-signaler patients in response to anti-IgM stimulation. <i>y</i>-axis shows on average change in abundance for detected kinases within each KEGG pathway (Student <i>t</i> test; *, <i>P</i> < 0.05; **, <i>P</i> < 0.01; ***, <i>P</i> < 0.001).</p>
Genus Panaeolus : New records from India

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Collection tours for exploration and collection of agarics from different localties of the state of Punjab were undertaken between 2009 to 2011. As a result, a large number of agarics were collected. Of these, three species of Panaeolus (Fr.) Quel. viz. P. sphinctrinus var. minor (Fr.) Singer, P. castaneifolius (Murrill) A.H. Smith and P. tropicalis Olah are taxonomically described and are new records for India.
TAIKOMOJI KALBOTYRA/ APPLIED LINGUISTICS The Value of a Systemic Functional Approach to ESP or Rather LSP

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This paper argues that a systemic functional linguistics (SFL) approach to Language for Specific Purposes (LSP) is worth considering as a useful means of enhancing target language use. The universal aspects of SFL for this purpose and within this context will be highlighted thus revealing links among language, culture and thought. English will be used as an example, in other words: ESP, and the term ESP will also be discussed. References will be made to language in use from both reader and writer perspectives through examining a study based on one UK government initiative. At present the UK government is encouraging a range of initiatives to attract students from non-traditional backgrounds into the university with issues about language being regarded as high priority. The underlying nature of these issues will be discussed in order to draw out the often-unappreciated complexity of what constitutes as language drawing on examples taken from the study. This will lead to pedagogical considerations of the role of DT in language development and, hopefully, to stimulate discussion about how SFL might be helpful in LSP. Spoken text will not be considered in this presentation.
Data from Prognostic Significance of Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II Expression in Pediatric Adrenocortical Tumors: A St. Jude and Children's Oncology Group Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<div>Abstract<p><b>Purpose:</b> Histologic markers that differentiate benign and malignant pediatric adrenocortical tumors are lacking. Previous studies have implicated an association of MHC class II expression with adrenocortical tumor prognosis. Here, we determined the expression of MHC class II as well as the cell of origin of these immunologic markers in pediatric adrenocortical tumor. The impact of MHC class II gene expression on outcome was determined in a cohort of uniformly treated children with adrenocortical carcinomas.</p><p><b>Experimental Design:</b> We analyzed the expression of MHC class II and a selected cluster of differentiation genes in 63 pediatric adrenocortical tumors by Affymetrix Human U133 Plus 2.0 or HT HG-U133+PM gene chip analyses. Cells expressing MHC class II were identified by morphologic and immunohistochemical assays.</p><p><b>Results:</b> MHC class II expression was significantly greater in adrenocortical adenomas than in carcinomas (<i>P</i> = 4.8 ×10<sup>−6</sup>) and was associated with a higher progression-free survival (PFS) estimate (<i>P</i> = 0.003). Specifically, <i>HLA-DPA1</i> expression was most significantly associated with PFS after adjustment for tumor weight and stage. <i>HLA-DPA1</i> was predominantly expressed by hematopoietic infiltrating cells and undetectable in tumor cells in 23 of 26 cases (88%).</p><p><b>Conclusions:</b> MHC class II expression, which is produced by tumor-infiltrating immune cells, is an indicator of disease aggressiveness in pediatric adrenocortical tumor. Our results suggest that immune responses modulate adrenocortical tumorigenesis and may allow the refinement of risk stratification and treatment for this disease. <i>Clin Cancer Res; 22(24); 6247–55. ©2016 AACR</i>.</p></div>
Exploring the boundaries of embodied cognition and conceptual metaphor theory

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Embodied cognition is an approach to cognition which suggests that our bodies and their actions play a fundamental role in the processing of information including perception, planning, feeling, and even decision making. While research includes some strong theoretical work, there is a tendency in this literature to focus on novel effects and there is limited rigorous and systematic programs of inquiry. The current thesis endeavours to address this weakness of the literature by examining the boundaries and limitations of an established effect. This is achieved in this thesis by a meta-analysis, and two empirical studies designed to replicate and extend research on the embodied fishiness-suspicion conceptual metaphor. The results of the meta-analysis indicated that gustatory metaphor consistent embodied effects typically demonstrate moderate to large effect sizes in the predicted (i.e., metaphor consistent) direction. The findings from a broad range of bias tests suggest that these effects are generally robust to publication bias. The results of the first empirical study replicated the previous finding that incidental exposure to a fishy smell elicited suspicion related behaviour in line with the metaphor “something smells fishy”. Consistent with the original experiments, exposure to a fishy smell undermined cooperation (i.e., Public Goods game; Lee & Schwarz, 2012), and improved performance in cognitive decision making (i.e., Wason Rule Discovery Task; Lee et al., 2015). In addition to the replication predictions, it was predicted that certain traits (i.e., distrust) would interact with the embodied effects (i.e., fishy smell) on the various outcome variables (i.e., Public Goods Game/social trust), unexpectedly it was found was that the embodied effects were sufficient to override the traits that were measured. The final study examined the effect of using visual fishiness cues instead of olfactory ones in the fishiness-suspicion paradigm. I predicted that I would find results consistent with the previous research (i.e., Lee et al., 2015; Lee & Schwarz, 2012), and my first empirical study. However, the results failed to support my hypotheses. The discussion focusses on the implications of these findings, and suggestions for future research.
Enzymatic Determination of Urinary Total 7α-Hydroxy Bile Acids

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract An enzymatic determination of urinary 7α-hydroxy bile acids is described. The principle of the method is as follows: after hydrolysis with β-glucuronidase and solvolysis, the ethyl acetate extract is washed with alkalin solution and water, then the alkali and water washes of the ethyl acetate extract are combined and the solution is acidified to pH 1 and sodium chloride added. Shake solution with ethyl acetate to re-extract the acidic fraction and the ethyl acetate layer is evaporated. Add enzyme color solution of 7α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (7α-HSD, from E. coli) to a tube of extract residue and then after incubation, measure the absorbance of the solution. Excretion values of urinary total 7α-hydroxy bile acids was measured with patients of acute hepatitis and normal subjects and excretion pattern of 7α-hydroxy bile acids by the use of chromatographic fractionation was also shown.
High-Performance Liquid Chromatography of <i>Cladosporium herbarum</i>

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using a gel permeation column was applied to separate components in a crude extract of the mould <i>Cladosporium herbarum. </i>Allergenic activity as well as individual allergens in collected fractions were analyzed by direct radioallergosorbent test (RAST) and fused rocked radioimmunoelectrophoresis (FRRIE), respectively. Thus, information of the molecular weight as well as the importance of the individual allergens were obtained simultaneously in a system showing a high degree of resolution. The study demonstrated that the crude extract of <i>C.</i><i>herbarum </i>contained allergens mainly in the molecular weight range between 10,000 and 300,000 daltons. The results demonstrated the importance of carrying out both RAST and FRRIE to detect all allergens.
Land-cover change in the Paraguayan Chaco: 2000–2011

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Land-use and land-cover change has been a topic that has called the attention of the scientific community for decades. Because of the importance of tropical and subtropical forest ecosystems, investigations into the causes and processes (e.g., underlying and proximate causation) that drive land use and land-cover change have typically concentrated on these regions. Consequently, little work has been done to understand the proximate and underlying drivers of land use and land-cover change in one of the least disturbed forests worldwide, the Paraguayan dry Chaco in South America. This article attempts to fill this gap in the literature by focusing on the processes and drivers behind land-cover change in the Paraguayan Chaco. More specifically, this article links underlying and proximate causes to regional land-cover change. To accomplish this task the study makes use of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data and census data. Results show major land-cover changes. Different from other dry regions in South America where soybean expansion has been pointed out as main driver of land-cover change, in the Paraguayan Chaco, cattle ranching is a major driver of forest loss.