jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Subchronic inhalation toxicity of iron oxide (magnetite, Fe3O4) in rats: pulmonary toxicity is determined by the particle kinetics typical of poorly soluble particles

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Wistar rats were nose‐only exposed to pigment‐sized iron oxide dust (Fe 3 O 4 , magnetite) in a subchronic 13‐week inhalation study according to the OECD testing guidelines TG#413 and GD#39. A 4 week pilot study with a 6 month post exposure period served as basis for validating the kinetic modeling approaches utilized to design the subchronic study. Kinetic analyses made during this post exposure period demonstrated that a diminution in particle clearance and lung inflammation occurred at cumulative exposure levels exceeding the lung overload threshold. Animals were exposed 6 h per day, five days per week for 13 consecutive weeks at actual concentrations of 0, 4.7, 16.6 and 52.1 mg m −3 (mass median aerodynamic diameter ≈1.3 μm, geometric standard deviation = 2). The exposure to iron oxide dust was tolerated without mortality, consistent changes in body weights, food and water consumption or systemic toxicity. While general clinical pathology and urinalysis were unobtrusive, hematology revealed changes of unclear toxicological significance (minimally increased differential neutrophil counts in peripheral blood). Elevations of neutrophils in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) appeared to be the most sensitive endpoint of study. Histopathology demonstrated responses to particle deposition in the upper respiratory tract (goblet cell hyper‐ and/or metaplasia, intraepithelial eosinophilic globules in the nasal passages) and the lower respiratory tract (inflammatory changes in the bronchiolo‐alveolar region). Consistent changes suggestive of pulmonary inflammation were evidenced by BAL, histopathology, increased lung and lung‐associated‐lymph node (LALN) weights at 16.6 and 52.1 mg m −3 . Increased septal collagenous fibers were observed at 52.1 mg m −3 . Particle translocation into LALN occurred at exposure levels causing pulmonary inflammation. In summary, the retention kinetics iron oxide reflected that of poorly soluble particles. The empirical no‐observed‐adverse‐effect level (NOAEL) and the lower bound 95% confidence limit on the benchmark concentration (BMCL) obtained by benchmark analysis was 4.7 and 4.4 mg m −3 , respectively, and supports an OEL (time‐adjusted chronic occupational exposure level) of 2 mg m −3 (alveolar fraction). Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Broadly neutralizing human monoclonal antibodies against BK polyomavirus genotypes

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BK polyomavirus (BKV) causes polyomavirus-associated nephropathy (BKV-nephropathy) and polyomavirus-associated haemorrhagic cystitis following kidney transplantation and allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. BKV strains consist of four distinct genotypes (BKV-I, -II, -III and -IV), with more than 80% of individuals seropositive for the BKV-I genotype and lower prevalences of infection or co-infection with the other genotypes. BKV-nephropathy occurs widely in immunosuppressed transplant recipients, with the recommended treatment including reduction of immunosuppressive drugs. High serum titres of BKV-neutralizing antibodies and treatment with BKV-neutralizing intravenous immunoglobulin are associated with reduced levels of BKV-DNAemia in kidney transplant recipients, suggesting anti-BKV antibodies can limit viral load. Thus, we set out to generate broadly neutralizing human mAbs against the viral protein 1 (VP1) major capsid protein of BKV genotypes I–IV using VelocImmune ® transgenic mice that encode for human immunoglobulins. Hybridoma clones from VelocImmune ® mice immunized with combinations of BKV I–IV VP1 and respective genotypes of BKV pseudoviruses (BK-PsVs) were screened using a high-throughput binding assay against BKV-I VP1 expressed in HEK-293 cells. The VP1-binding hybridoma clones were then assessed for neutralization with BK-PsV consisting of respective VP1 proteins from BKV-I, -II, -III or -IV on the virion surface. Overall, 36 broadly cross-neutralizing mAbs against BKV-I, -II, -III and -IV were identified. Importantly, 20 of the cross-reactive immunoglobulins were subjected to nucleotide sequencing, resulting in 6 clonotype families with 14 genetically distinct immunoglobulins. Several of the most effective mAbs were fully humanized with the IgG1 Fc domain with broad neutralization of BK-PsV-I, -II, -III and -IV genotypes with IC50s ranging from ~7 to 200 pM. Thus, these cross-neutralizing mAbs represent potential biologics to be developed into BKV therapeutics.
Some novel interpretations of the man and his life

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Preface. Introduction 1. A Brief Account of the (Lost) Vita Aristotelis of Hermippus and of the (Lost) Vita Aristotelis of Ptolemy (-el-Garib) 2. The Vita Aristotelis of Dionysius of Helicarnassus 3. An Analysis of the Vita Aristotelis of Diogenes Laertius 4. A Summary of the Syriac and Arabic Vitae Aristotelis 5. The Genealogy and Family of Aristotle 6. Aristotle and Callisthenes of Olynthus 7. Aristotle Enters the Academy 8. Aristotle's Earliest `Course of Lectures on Rhetoric' 9. Aristotle Leaves the Academy 10. Was Aristotle Actually the Chief Preceptor of Alexander the Great? 11. Aristotle's Return to Athens in the Year 335-34 BC 12. Aristotle's Flight from Athens in the Year 323 BC 13. Aristotle, Athens and the Foreign Policy of Macedonia 14. The Myth of Aristotle's Suicide 15. Aristotle's Last Will and Testament 16. Aristotle's Religious Convictions 17. Aristotle's `Self-Portrayal'. Conclusion. Notes. Index of Ancient Authors and Sources. Index of Modern Authors
Introduction to the Special Issue on Organizational Hybridization: Both for Profit and Not: Biblical Views of Organizational Hybridization

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Recent scholarly literature and discussion, including past JBIB articles on Business as Mission and recent CBFA presentations on Business as Mission and social entrepreneurship, indicate that the activities of organizations are shifting in ways that blur the dividing line between for-profit and not-for-profit business. This drift takes the form of each side borrowing visions, missions,goals, structures, resources, or strategies from the opposite end of the spectrum (Strom, 2007).
[Nutritional therapy in surgical patients: an update].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Patients undergoing major gastrointestinal surgery, often require an adequate artificial nutritional (AN) support for a pre-existing state of malnutrition and/or to overcome forced periods of postoperative starvation and/or for complications that alter the host metabolic response. When an indication to AN is given, enteral feeding should be preferred to parenteral nutrition because more physiological and less expensive. Moreover, recent data showed that patients fed enterally, rather than parenterally, in the postoperative period, have a significant better outcome with a reduction of morbidity and hospitalisation. The supplementation of standard feeds with key nutrients having immunomodulatory properties, such as arginine, omega-3 fatty acids and glutamine (pharmaconutrients), allows to control effectively the surgery-induced immunosuppression and hyperinflammation. An analysis on the principles of evidence-based medicine, supports the hypothesis that the pre-perioperative use of formulas enriched with pharmaconutrients, significantly reduces the rate of infectious complications and saves health care resources.
PSYCHOLINGUISTIC ASPECTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS’ FOREIGN LANGUAGE LISTENING SKILLS

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The article presents an analysis of the psycholinguistic features of the development of foreign language listening competence of high school students.The connection between the sphere of interests of high school students and the success of foreign language skills development is characterized.The essence and course of the perception process, which is the initial stage of familiarizing the recipient with information, is analyzed.The characteristics of the process of perception during the period of adolescence, which coincides with the period of studying in senior classes, are presented, and the conditions for successful perception of the material are analyzed.The role of the recipient's motivation and emotional state in the perception process and their direct influence on its results are substantiated.The connection of perception with the processes of thinking, will, feelings of the recipient and speech is indicated.It is emphasized that successful listening can be carried out only under conditions when these processes are interrelated.The classification of types of perception and their features are provided.The article analyzes the role of memory in achieving success in listening to foreign language texts.The proper level of processes of memorizing, storing and reproducing information, along with favorable conditions and an appropriate emotional state, allow to successfully listen to foreign language material.The main types of memory involved in the listening process and the influence of their proper development on the success of the listening process are characterized.The role of emotional memory is emphasized and the factors that contribute to remembering information are presented.The process of understanding and its role in the successful development of foreign language listening skills are characterized.The role of anticipation in the proper understanding of the text perceived through listening and filling in gaps in information that occurred due to loss of attention or lack of vocabulary is emphasized.The main characteristics of the text which contribute to the proper concentration of attention, the achievement of understanding of the text perceived through listening, and the successful development of foreign language listening skills of high school students have been determined,
Potential of Spectral Reflectance as Postharvest Classification Tool for Flower Development of Calla Lily (Zantedeschia aethiopica (L.) Spreng.)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Unsuitable postharvest management is one of the most serious problems that floriculture has to face.An option for reducing postharvest losses is to use automatic systems for flower sorting and classification, which yield consistent results, reduce costs and speed up these tasks.The objective of this work was show the potential of spectral reflectance to distinguish different postharvest development stages of calla lily flowers, Zantedeschia aethiopica (L.) Spreng., aiming the use of this technology within automatic systems for flower classification.The measuring equipment was a spectrometer connected to a portable computer and configured for reflectance data acquisition in the 400 to 1000 nm range.Based on the results, it was verified a differentiation between the spectral reflectance curves of calla lily flowers, with gradual decreases on the measured values according to the increase of the senescence stages.Thus, the spectral reflectance has potential to be used in the development of automatic systems for postharvest classification of calla lily flowers.
JOB SATISFACTION PREFERENCES OF GENERATION Y;THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN JOB SATISFACTION AND ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Bu çalışmanın amacı Türkiye’deki Y kuşağı çalışanlarının iştenbeklentilerini incelemektir. Ayrıca, bu çalışmada Y kuşağı çalışanlarının işbeklentileri ile iş tatmini ve kurumsal bağlılıkları arasındaki ilişki irdelenmektedir.Y kuşağı çalışanlarının artmasıyla, bu çalışanların iş beklentilerini bilmek,yetenekli Y kuşağı bireylerini kurumlarda tutmak için önemli hale gelmiştir.Niceliksel araştırma tasarımı çerçevesinde 251 Y kuşağı çalışanına anketuygulanmıştır. Ankette, Y kuşağı çalışanlarına iş beklentileri, mevcut işmemnuniyetleri ve kurumsal bağlılıkları ile ilgili sorular sorulmuştur. Yapılanistatistik analizler sonucunda Y kuşağı çalışanlarının işten beklentileriyleilgili memnuniyet seviyelerinin yüksek olduğu ancak ek güdüleyicilere vedüzenlemelere de açık oldukları bulunmuştur. Buna ek olarak, güdüleyicifaktörlerinden memnun olanların (hijyen faktörlerden memnun olanlara oranla)daha yüksek kurumsal bağlılık seviyesine sahip oldukları ortaya konmuştur.
Waves plus currents crossing at a right angle: Experimental investigation

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The hydrodynamics generated by a regular wave field perpendicularly superimposed to a steady current is investigated by means of laboratory experiments. The flow structure is analyzed by measuring the velocity profiles using a micro Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter. Three cases are considered: current only, waves only and waves plus current. Different bottom roughnesses are used, and the apparent roughness k s is estimated for each condition. In the presence of a small roughness, the superposition of the waves on the current causes an increase of the current velocities close to the bottom, thus generating a decrease of the apparent roughness with respect to the case of the current only. On the other hand, when a large bottom roughness is present, the waves force a decrease of the current velocity close to the bottom and, in turn, an increase of the apparent bottom roughness. Such a behavior seems related not only to the roughness but also to the flow regime (i.e., laminar or turbulent) within the wave bottom boundary layer.
Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsies for Gene Expression Ratio-Based Diagnostic and Prognostic Tests in Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Purpose: Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is an aggressive disease associated with median survival between 9 and 12 months. The correct diagnosis of MPM is sometimes challenging and usually requires solid tissue biopsies rather than fine-needle aspiration biopsies (FNA). We postulated that the accuracy of FNA-based diagnosis might be improved by the addition of molecular tests using a gene expression ratio-based algorithm and that prognostic tests could be similarly performed. Experimental Design: Two MPM and 2 lung cancer cell lines were used to establish the minimal quantity of RNA required to perform the gene ratio test. On the basis of these results, 276 ex vivo FNA biopsies from 63 MPM patients and 250 ex vivo FNA samples from 92 lung cancer patients were analyzed using previously described diagnostic and prognostic tests based on gene expression ratios. Results: We found that the sensitivity of the diagnostic test for MPM was 100% [95% confidence interval (CI): 95%–100%] and the specificity in primary lung adenocarcinoma was 90% (95% CI: 81%–95%). The FNA-based prognostic classification was concordant among 76% (95% CI: 65%–87%) of patients with the risk assignment in a subset of the matched surgical specimens previously analyzed by the prognostic test. Conclusions: Sufficient RNA can be extracted from most FNA biopsies to perform gene expression molecular tests. In particular, we show that the gene expression ratio algorithms performed well when applied to diagnosis and prognosis in MPM. This study provides support for the development of additional RNA molecular tests that may enhance the utility of FNA in the management of other solid cancers. Clin Cancer Res; 17(2); 310–16. ©2010 AACR.
RETRACTION: Autophagy Induction by Xanthoangelol Exhibits Anti‐Metastatic Activities in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

RETRACTION: X. Yang, J. Xie, X. Liu, Z. Li, K. Fang, L. Zhang, M. Han, Z. Zhang, Z. Gong, X. Lin, X. Shi, H. Gao and K. Lu, “Autophagy Induction by Xanthoangelol Exhibits Anti‐Metastatic Activities in Hepatocellular Carcinoma,” Cell Biochemistry & Function 37, no. 3 (2019): 128–138, https://doi.org/10.1002/cbf.3374 . The above article, published online on 18 March 2019 in Wiley Online Library ( wileyonlinelibrary.com ), has been retracted by agreement between the journal Editor‐in‐Chief, Robert Heath; and John Wiley & Sons Ltd. The retraction has been agreed upon following concerns raised by third parties. An investigation into these concerns revealed that several elements from Figures 1E, 2C, 3C and 4A were duplicated in other articles. Some of these elements were used to represent different scientific contexts. Additionally, the p62 bands shown for the Hep3B and Huh7 cell lines in Figure 2C were found to be duplicated. The authors were invited to respond to the concerns and provide supporting data, but did not respond. The editors therefore consider the results and conclusions of this article invalid. The authors were notified of the retraction but did not provide any comment.
Possibilities and limits of photon correlation spectroscopy in determining polymer molecular weight distributions

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The effect of concentration and polydispersity on the collective diffusion coefficient Dc, evaluated using Photon Correlation Spectroscopy (PCS), has been investigated on poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) in acetone solutions. The concentration dependence of the collective diffusion coefficient follows a linear regression law, the slope being fairly independent of polydispersity, molecular weight and temperature. The diffusion coefficient at infinite dilution D0 obeys the scaling law D0 = AMw–ν in the range from Mw = 10 000 to Mw = 800 000; the value of the scaling exponent, ν = 0.57, proves the good solvent quality of acetone. The inversion of the scattered intensity autocorrelation data by the regularization method CONTIN allowed the evaluation of the molecular weight distribution function of the polymeric samples. Although this algorithm gives valuable information on average quantities or on the width of the distribution, it has limited resolution power; therefore a comparison with the results obtained by Size Exclusion Chromatography (SEC) was carried out for a set of samples having monomodal and bimodal distribution functions.
Rectal Cancer Implantation at the Anastomotic Ring of the Procedure for Prolapse and Hemorrhoids (PPH)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

60歳，男性．近医で内痔核に対しPPH®による直腸粘膜環状切断術（以下PPH）を施行され，その後も下血，下痢が続くため当科を受診した．直腸診ではPPH縫合線に小指頭大の硬結を触知するのみであった．大腸内視鏡検査では上部直腸に全周性の2型病変と，PPH縫合線上に直径15mmの2型病変が認められ，それぞれの生検から中分化管状腺癌が検出された．PPH縫合線上の病変は口側病変からのimplantationと考えられた．腹部CTでは多発性肝転移（H2）が認められ，この時点では切除不能と判断されたが，局所コントロール目的で主病変のみを切除するHartmann手術を施行した．術後化学療法が奏効し，肝切除術が行われたが，再発による肝不全のため初回手術45ヵ月後に死亡した．本症例では肛門手術術前の大腸検査の必要性が示唆された．
Probation practice and attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Rationale Twenty‐one Community Rehabilitation Companies were set up following the division of the National Probation Services during ‘Transforming Rehabilitation’ in England and Wales, under a 2013 Ministry of Justice initiative. Reunification commenced in 2018. A study completed prior to these changes suggested that probation officers had had little training in recognising attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and may have been underestimating its prevalence among their clientele. Given the substantial changes in probation staffing and organisation since 2018, a new study seems warranted. Aims The aim of the study was to understand experiences of people under a community sentence who reported having ADHD and of probation staff working with them. Methods Using a qualitative research design, one‐to‐one semi‐structured interviews were conducted with client facing probation staff recruited from one Community Rehabilitation Company. Service users undertaking a community sentence who had been diagnosed with or self‐identified as having ADHD were then identified and recruited by these staff; those who consented were also interviewed. Transcripts were analysed using a thematic analytic approach. Results Thirteen probation staff and six male offenders under community sentences, agreed to participate and completed interviews. The overarching themes emerging from the two groups were similar, both reflecting on descriptions of ADHD; treatment of ADHD; experiences of having or working with ADHD in the wider community and in the criminal justice system specifically and visions of future support needs tied to the order. In addition, probation officers specifically raised the matter of payment by results. Both service users and probation staff identified gaps in knowledge, experience and services, but areas of good practice were also identified. Conclusion The findings highlight the continuing under‐acknowledgement of tailored clinical support for people serving a community sentence who have ADHD together with a lack of support and training about ADHD for probation staff. Return to the national organisation of probation services and recognition of need for a range of relevant skills offers a great opportunity for re‐evaluating supervision and management of offenders under community sentences who have ADHD. These findings provide the basis for a template for developing knowledge and support provision for probation staff to recognise ADHD, or its likelihood, and their capacity to follow through with appropriately informed personalised supervision plans and access to specialist service advice and support.
Fatigue Reliability Analysis of Rib-To-Deck Joints Using Test Data and In-Situ Measurements

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, the fatigue performance of rib-to-deck joints in orthotropic steel decks (OSDs) using thickened edge U-ribs (TEUs) and the OSD using conventional U-ribs (CUs) are investigated based on the fatigue test result and in-situ monitoring data. Firstly, comparative fatigue tests were carried out with full-scale rib-to-deck specimens. Probability–stress–life (P–S–N) curves were derived through the test data measured from a total of 18 specimens, including 7 CU specimens and 11 TEU specimens. According to the results, the TEU can lead to a notable enhancement in the fatigue strength of rib-to-deck joints, i.e., 21.4% in terms of nominal stress and 21.1% in terms of hot spot stress. After that, a typical OSD steel bridge was selected as the prototype to investigate the fatigue performance of rib-to-decks in the OSD using TEUs under actual applications. In the analysis, the uncertainty in both fatigue strength, and vehicle loads were considered. A multi-scale finite element model of the prototype bridge was established, and numerical analysis conducted to derive the vehicle-induced stress spectra of the rib-to-deck joints in critical positions. In the derivation, a stochastic traffic model was employed, through which the in-situ measurement was incorporated. Finally, fatigue reliability analysis was carried out for the prototype bridge based on the above works. The result showed that a notably higher fatigue reliability can be expected in the rib-to-deck joint in OSDs using TEUs when compared with the joints in OSDs using CUs, which in turn can lead to notable improvement in fatigue life. For instance, under the target reliability of 2.3, the fatigue life of the two critical rib-to-deck joints were, respectively, increased by 153% and 155% when using TEUs.
Picking Toddler Pillows for Your Child And Vacation Pillows Aid Young ones Sleep on a visit And Toddler Pillows - Are Your Young children Prepared For the Pillow?

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Deciding upon Toddler Pillows for Your son or daughter And Vacation Pillows Assistance Children Slumber on a Trip And Toddler Pillows - Are Your Kids All set For any Pillow?