jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Role of Incidental Learning on Reducing Household Food Waste in Free-Living Condition

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Food waste represents an inefficiency along the supply chain that can hamper food system productivity. As countries align national targets with the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goal to halve per capita food waste at the retail and consumer, addressing consumer food waste is regarded as one of the key channels to achieve these goals in developed countries. Acquisition of knowledge, such as organizational learning-by-doing, has been shown to be a significant source of productivity growth in a variety of industries. This paper investigates the role of incidental learning in reducing consumer plate waste during all eating occasions over approximately one week based on a unique data source with food-item level data collected from 50 adults from the United States using the Remote Food Photography Method.® Aligning with existing literature, we find subject behavior is consistent with significant incidental learning. As observed plate waste experience accumulates, subjects accomplished significant plate waste reduction by cleaning their plates, which also increased calorie intake. No evidence is found that learning from the past alters the amount of food that subjects’ select. Given that habitual plate cleaning has been associated with overweight and obesity, social welfare maximizing public policy interventions should consider explicit information to help consumers switch the focus from the intentions not to waste (i.e., minimize food waste by cleaning plate after food was over-selected) to improvements in the ability to reduce food waste (i.e., selecting an appropriate amount of food).
Appendicitis as a cause of small bowel obstruction in pediatric age group

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Intestinal obstruction is a common surgical emergency in children caused by varied conditions.Although bowel paralysis accompanying acute appendicitis is well known, obstruction of large or small intestine caused by appendicitis is extremely rare with very few cases reported in literature.The diagnosis of such a condition is possible only on table.Every emergency surgeon needs to be aware of such a possibility.We report a case of a 6-year-old male presenting with classical features of intestinal obstruction for 4 days with no history and clinical finding suggestive of an episode of appendicitis.On laparotomy small bowel obstruction was seen and appendix was found to be the cause.We reviewed literature to find similar cases reported in the past.
Treatment of oropharyngeal carcinoma by irradiation or by surgery

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Of previously untreated patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx, 145 are reviewed in this study. All were treated in the Department of Head and Neck Surgery at the University of Liverpool from 1990 to 1997. Seventy-seven patients were treated with irradiation, 28 patients by surgery and 40 patients were deemed not suitable for any curative treatment. Univariate analysis showed no difference in the two groups treated by curative modalities but multivariate analysis did suggest that the surgical group tended to have larger neck node metastases. The 5-year tumour specific actuarial survival for all patients was 53%, 65% for the radiotherapy group and 51% for the surgery group. The difference was not statistically significant (chi (1)2 = 1.5070). The modality of treatment had no affect on either the development of a primary or neck node recurrence or the survival after such a recurrence. Where neck node disease was present it was treated as appropriate. As is generally standard practice, lymph nodes over 2 cm were treated with radical neck dissection whether the patient was having irradiation therapy or surgery. If the patient was having irradiation therapy, the neck dissection was carried out before and irradiation after operation, both on the primary and on the neck, if appropriate. It is concluded that irradiation therapy in properly selected cases in combined head and neck clinics is a safe and effective treatment for squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx. Neck node disease should be treated appropriately, but there is no support for the old adage that whatever form of treatment is being used for the neck node should also be used for the primary site.
A case report and literature review: A 19‐year‐old with endometrial carcinoma treated with medroxyprogesterone acetate. Importance of the medical interview and endometrial examination

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Key Clinical Message A 19‐year‐old woman had stage IA endometrial carcinoma treated with medroxyprogesterone acetate and experienced a recurrence. This patient's experience illustrates the importance of a thorough history and endometrial assessment in younger patients.
Relation of external ear characteristics to various aspects of chiropetran ecology: Examination of the family Phyllostomidae through the use of a tragus to pinna ratio

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

I examined relationships between external ear characteristics and foraging ecology in members of the family Phyllostomidae through the use of a tragus to pinna ratio (T:P ratio). The anterior surface areas of the tragus and pinna were obtained using an Auto Montage imaging system to capture multi-depth photographs for 28 species of phyllostomid bats. Species were then categorized by feeding guild and foraging habitat characteristics (as described by four previous studies– Aldridge and Rautenbach, 1987; Neuweiler, 1989; Fenton, 1990; Schnitzler and Kalko, 1998). ANOVAs were performed on phylogenetically corrected and uncorrected data (traditional analyses). Traditional analyses showed that T:P ratio differed significantly among feeding guilds (p < 0.0001). Posthoc analyses separated carnivores (smallest average T:P ratio = 0.026) from the other five feeding guilds. Sanguinivores (highest average T:P ratio = 0.120) were found to be most similar to nectarivores (average T:P ratio = 0.094); nectarivores also were similar to frugivores (average T:P ratio = 0.078) and omnivores (average T:P ratio = 0.077); and insectivores (average T:P ratio = 0.062) were most similar to frugivores and omnivores. Methods used in classification of habitat had an effect on significance of relationship between T:P ratio and foraging habitat (p = 0.029—methods of Aldridge and Rautenbach, 1987; p = 0.005—Neuweiler, 1989; p = 0.328—Fenton, 1990; p = 0.011—Schnitzler and Kalko 1998). In three of four habitat classification methods (Aldridge and Rautenbach, 1987; Neuweiler, 1989; Schnitzler and Kalko, 1998) bats that use open space displayed the highest T:P ratio (T:P ratio = 0.110), whereas bats that fly between vegetation, above ground, and on the edge of vegetation displayed the smallest T:P ratios (average T:P ratio = 0.028). Fenton’s (1990) habitat classification did not show significant relationship to T:P ratio. These results indicate that bats that use sound (self or prey generated) to locate food exhibit smaller T:P ratios than bats that employ visual or olfactory cues to locate prey. This suggests bats using sound to locate prey experience higher selection pressure for more accurate localization of prey in vertical space. Phylogeny was accounted for by use of the independent contrast option in COMPARE 4.6b. Both feeding guilds and habitat categories showed no significant relationship with T:P ratio (p = 0.055—feeding guild and p = 0.67-0.83—habitat classifications). These results suggest that much of the variation exhibited by the family Phyllostomidae, whether in diet choice or foraging styles, is explained largely by phylogeny. It is also possible that current classification schemes for feeding guild do not accurately reflect ecology of species, and relationships among groups are lost in generalizations.
Screening within accumulation layers of molecular semiconductors

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

In organic field-effect transistors, conductivity is achieved by electronically injected charges that form high-density accumulation layers. We report self-consistent calculations of Poisson's equation, carrier statistics, and the Drude permittivity of the carrier gas at the interface between semiconductors and insulators. The results show that the injected carriers efficiently screen local potentials. Additionally, the AC permittivity of the carriers reduces electrical fields particularly at frequencies of several THz. This dynamic screening may affect the formation of large polarons and the transient localization of carriers.
An Investigation of Non-Thesis Master's Program Geography Teacher Candidates' Attitudes towards Teaching Profession regarding Several Socio-Cultural Features.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this study is to examine the attitudes of non-thesis master’s degree program: geography teacher candidates towards teaching profession regarding several socio-cultural features. The study was conducted in different universities with 218 geography teacher candidates enrolled in the geography education non-thesis master’s degree program. The study was made by survey model. Data were collected by the “Attitude Scales Towards Teaching Profession ” developed by Çetin (2006) and “Personal Information Form ” developed by the authors. Data were analyzed by t-test, ANOVA (the one-way analysis of variance) (F) and LSD (least significant difference) techniques. The results are given as follows: (1) The average of candidates ’ attitude grades are in favor of female candidates; (2) There is no difference between whether candidates work at a job; (3) According to variables of the types of high school graduated, educational level of the parents, occupations, income level and living place, there is no difference in candidates ’ attitudes scores; and (4) Candidates ’ enrolled in the geography education non-thesis master’s degree program reason of preference influence on attitudes to teaching profession.
The effect of question order on outcomes in the orbital core outcome set for alcohol brief interventions among online help-seekers (QOBCOS): Findings from a randomised factorial trial

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objective A core outcome set (COS) has been developed in alcohol brief intervention (ABI) research through international consensus. This study aimed to estimate order effects among questions in the COS. Methods Individuals aged 18 or older who searched online for alcohol-related help were invited to complete the COS. The order of questions was randomised following a factorial design. Primary outcomes were order effects among the COS items and patterns of attrition. Results Between 21/10/2020 and 26/11/2020, we randomised 7334 participants, of which 5256 responded to at least one question and were available for analyses. Current non-drinkers were excluded. We found evidence of higher self-reported average consumption and odds of harmful and hazardous drinking was found among those who first answered questions on recent consumption and impact of alcohol use. Lower self-reported recent consumption was found among those first asked about average consumption. Quality of life (QoL) was reported lower among those who first responded to when questions on impact of alcohol use were asked first, which in turn was lower among those who first answered question on when average consumption and QoL were asked first. Attrition was lowest when average consumption was asked first, and highest when QoL or impact of alcohol use was asked first. Median completion time for the COS was 4.3 min. Conclusions Question order affects outcomes and attrition. If the aim is to minimize attrition, consumption measures should be asked before QoL and impact of alcohol use; however, this order impacts self-reported alcohol consumption and so researchers should be guided by study priorities. At a minimum, all participants should be asked the same questions in the same order. Trial registration The trial was prospectively registered (ISRCTN17954645).
Comparison of the Prophylactic Effect of Ondansetron and Dexamethasone on Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting after Intrathecal Meperidine in Women Scheduled for Elective Cesarean Section

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Intrathecal meperidine is highly effective to enhance postoperative analgesia in women undergoing cesarean delivery. However, spinal meperidine is associated with a frequent incidence of nausea, vomiting and pruritus which can limit its use. The objective of this study was to compare the prophylactic effect of ondansetron and dexamethasone in preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) during intrathecal injection of meperidine in women undergoing elective cesarean section.METHODS: In a randomized double blind clinical trial 50 women were scheduled for elective cesarean section. They were randomly allocated to dexamethasone (n=25) or ondansetron (n=25) groups. The patients were under spinal anesthesia with 50mg lidocaine and 25mg meperidine. They received 8 mg dexamethasone or 8 mg ondansetron intravenously just before surgery. The patients were evaluated for PONV and pruritus during surgery, recovery period, 6, 12 and 24h after surgery.FINDINGS: There were not significant differences in patients characteristics, hemodynamic variables, and sensory level of anesthesia. Nausea was observed in 4 (16%) and 7 (28%) of women in dexamethasone and ondansetron groups, respectively (p=0.496). Vomiting was observed in 3 (12%) and 4 (16%) of women in ondansetron and dexamethasone groups, respectively (p=1). No nausea and vomiting were observed 2 hours after spinal anesthesia. The incidence of pruritus was observed in 6 (24%) and 7 (28%) of women in dexamethasone and ondansetron groups, respectively. CONCLUSION: The results of this study showed that ondansetron is as effective as dexamethasone for preventing nausea, vomiting and pruritus after intrathecal injection of meperidine in women undergoing elective cesarean section. So intravenous dexamethasone is a good choice for preventing nausea and vomiting after intrathecal injection of meperidine.
Using mining waste from the Fundão Dam in Mariana for Mombasa grass production

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT The collapse of the Fundão Dam in Mariana, MG, in 2015 introduced the challenge of using Technosol, a soil type formed by deposition of iron mining waste along the Doce River banks, for agricultural purposes. This study aimed to determine the optimal water depth for enhancing production of tropical forage, Megathyrsus maximus cv. Mombasa, when grown on iron ore tailings. Additionally, it sought to establish a crop coefficient applicable to the edaphoclimatic conditions of Viçosa, MG, Brazil. The experiment was conducted throughout the summer, fall, and winter of 2022, employing 21 drainage lysimeters. A completely randomized experimental design was adopted, featuring six treatment groups (plants in Technosol receiving water depths ranging from 20 to 120% of the crop’s evapotranspiration, as derived from the control treatment), along with a control group (plants in Latosol with a depth of 100%), each with three repetitions. Our findings showed that irrigation must replace 40% of the crop evapotranspiration. Moreover, cultivating in Technosol resulted in a reduction of productive capacity by 37.39% during the summer/fall and fall seasons. For Mombasa grass grown in Oxisol, crop coefficients of 1.2 during the summer and 1.5 during the fall and winter are advised.
Functional outcome of ischemic stroke in diabetics

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: Objective was to determine whether the outcome of ischemic stroke is different or not in diabetics than nondiabetics. Study Design: Prospective observational. analytical study Study place and Duration; It was conducted in medical unit-2 Bahawal Victoria Hospital, affiliated with Quaid-e-Azam Medical College Bahawalpur from October I, 2004 to September 30. 2005. Patients and methods: 132 patients of ischemic stroke, confirmed by CT scan, were enrolled during one year study period. The patients of hemorrhagic stroke, TlA, focal deficits of non-vascular origin and infratentorial lesions were excluded. Patients were devided into two groups; diabetics and nondiabetics and were studied regarding their in hospital outcome according to the modified Rankin Scale. The variables applied were age, sex, hypertension and type of infarct (lacunar/cerebral). Results: Out of 132 ischemic stroke patients 36 (27%) were diabetics and 96 were nondiabetics. Hjipertension was present in 83 (62%). Overall mortality wa s 11.3%. Mortality was significantly more frequent in diabetics than nondiabetics (16.6% Vs 9.3% p<0.05). Disability was also more frequent in diabetics (25% Vs 13.5% p<0.05). In diabetic group good recovery (8.8% Vs 12.5%) as well as partial recovery (50% Vs 64.5%) was less frequent. Patients <40 years were few in number with good recovery in both diabetics as well as nondiabetics. Diabetics of 40-60 years were found to have significantly high number of deaths (15.3% Vs 7% p<0.05) and disability (15.3% Vs 10.7% p<0.05) than non-diabetics. Similar pattern was seen in patients >60 years. Increasing age was found to be associated with poor outcome in both the groups but poorer in diabetics. Sex did not discriminate the poor outcome in diabetics. The presence of hypertension worsened the out come in both the groups but more in the diabetic group both in term of mortality (20.8% Vs 11.8% p<0.05) as well as disability (33.3% Vs 15.2% p<0.05). Lacunar infarct was found in few patient with good prognosis while cere bral infarct was associated with poor prognosis and put the diabetics at higher risk in term of mortality (17.6% Vs 9.8% p<0.05) as well as disability (26.4% Vs 14.2% p<0.05). Conclusion: Diabetes Mellitus is associated with poor outcome of ischemic stroke patients both in terms of mortality and morbidity during acute hospitalization. Hypertension. increasing age and large infarct size further worsens the outcome.
Response of a Helical Coil to a Step Impact Load

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A theoretical solution is presented of a one-turn elastic helical coil of small pitch with one end fixed and subjected to a step impact load applied tangentially to the other end. Previously derived one-dimensional equations [Paper H8, 83rd Meeting of the Acoust. Soc. Amer.] are taken as the governing equations of motion. The Mindlin-Goodman method is applied to solve these equations with the boundary conditions as indicated. The solution demonstrates the effectiveness of the coil as an impact absorber. [This work was supported by the National Science Foundation.]
Effects of Electroacupuncture at Gb Points on Markers of Osteoporosis and Bodyweight in Ovariectomised Rats

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background Based on a description of acupuncture to treat a bone disease resembling osteoporosis in the ancient text of Huangdi Neijing, we aimed to assess the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) at GB points in ovariectomised (OVX) rats. Methods 40 female Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups (n=10 each): ovariectomised model group (OVX); ovariectomised group treated with EA at GB points (OVX+GB); ovariectomised group treated with EA at non-GB points (OVX+N) in the hindlimb; and a sham surgery group (Sham). Three months after ovariectomy, rats in the OVX+GB and OVX+N groups received EA treatment for 3 months. Urine, blood and femur samples were collected from each animal for analysis. Results Bodyweight (BW) in the OVX+GB group decreased after EA treatment, reaching a minimum of ∼12% below the OVX and OVX+N groups at 1 month. Concentrations of urine deoxypyridinoline, a bone resorption marker, were significantly elevated in the OVX and OVX+N groups but not the OVX+GB group. Concentrations of serum bone specific alkaline phosphatase, a bone formation marker, were significantly higher in the OVX+GB group versus the Sham and OVX groups. Bone mineral density (BMD) did not differ between the OVX, OVX+GB and OVX+N groups, but was ∼10% lower than the Sham group. However, BMD/BW in the OVX+GB group was significantly higher than in the OVX and OVX+N groups and similar to the Sham group. Histological assessment of the femur showed that EA at GB points improved the bone architecture. Conclusions EA treatment at GB points had anti-osteoporotic effects in a rat model of osteoporosis.
Research on Key Techniques of Digital Signal Processing Theory for Electric Machines and Motor Control

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

With the fast and rapid advancement in computer and control technology, it is essential and necessary for the electronic products to be elaborated and sophisticated, and the internal functions are various and high speed.In the late 1990s, the emergence of the new type permanent magnet mechanism and electronic operation for medium voltage synchronization technology in the field of implementation provides a hardware foundation.In order to satisfy the high reliability of vacuum circuit breaker operation, our country is in-depth study and gradually promote and matching the electronic control system of permanent magnetic actuator.In this paper, we conduct research on key techniques of digital signal processing theory for electric machines and motor control.The experimental result shows the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Promosi Homeschooling Kak Seto di Bandung

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Kak Seto’s Homeschooling is as an alternative option for those seeking homeschooling in Bandung for special teaching methods that use a more thematic approach to active, constructive, and contextual and self-learning through the emphasis on life skills and skills in solving problems. Because the learning process in Kak Seto’s homeschooling fun and not stuck with the academic.
But Kak Seto’s homeschooling is still not known to many parents of children with special needs such as health problems (physical disability), psychological problems (autism, hyperactivity and other) problems in school or formal homeschooling is not aware of any in Bandung. Therefore, the need for exciting promotional and informative to parents that are interested in entering their children into
homeschooling as an alternative Kak Seto.