jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Morbidity and Mortality Associated With Elective or Emergency Paraesophageal Hernia Repair

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Morbidity and Mortality Associated With Elective or Emergency Paraesophageal Hernia RepairFor decades, the standard of care for a paraesophageal hiatal hernia (PEH) was surgical repair after diagnosis, irrespective of symptoms.This standard of care was based on the reported high risk of acute gastric volvulus, strangulation, bleeding, or obstruction associated with untreated PEH and on the high mortality associated with emergency repair. 1,2A paradigm shift occurred in 2002, when Stylopoulos et al, 3 using Markov analysis, found that watchful waiting was superior to elective repair for patients older than 65 years of age with a minimally symptomatic PEH.As a result, many patients with a PEH deferred surgery and opted for watchful waiting.A predictable consequence of watchful waiting has been an increase in the number of patients presenting with an acute PEH, sometimes with catastrophic outcomes. 4We characterized outcomes of emergency PEH repair in the modern era compared with elective repair using data from the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program. Methods |We reviewed all PEH repairs reported to the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program from 2005 to 2012.Inclusion criteria were an age of 18 years or older at the time of surgery, an International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD-9) primary diagnosis code of diaphragmatic hernia (ie, ICD-9 code 551.3, 552.3, or 553.3), and a primary Current Procedural Terminology code indicating repair, as described by Mungo et al. 5 Demographic data, comorbidities, and preoperative laboratory values were reviewed.The primary outcome was 30-day mortality.Secondary outcomes were hospital length of stay and serious morbidity (defined as return to the operating room, cardiac complication, sepsis, shock, ventilation >48 hours, unplanned reintubation, or cerebrovascular accident or stroke).Because this research involves only deidentified patient information, it did not require institutional review board approval from the University of California, San Francisco.Predictors of serious morbidity and 30-day mortality were identified in univariate logistic regression.Multivariate predictors were identified using backward-stepwise logistic regression.
Single-Molecule Tracking in Live Cell without Immobilization or without Hydrodynamic Flow by Simulations: Thermodynamic Jitter

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Experiments to measure a single molecule/particle, i.e. an individual molecule/particle, at room temperature or under physiological conditions without immobilization, for example on a surface, or without significant hydrodynamic flow have so far failed. This failure has given impetus to the underlying theory of Brownian molecular motion towards its stochastics due to diffusion. Quantifying the thermodynamic jitter of molecules/particles inspires many and forms the theoretical basis of single-molecule/single-particle biophysics and biochemistry. For the first time, our simulation results for a live cell (cytoplasm) show that the tracks of individual single molecules are localized in Brownian motion, while there is fanning out in fractal diffusion (anomalous diffusion).
Biochemical impact of microorganism and enzymatic activities in food and pharmaceutical industries

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Bio catalytic activity of microorganisms and enzymes have been explored for centuries to yield bread, wine, vinegar and with some common products without knowledge about the biochemical basis of their properties. Due to their established catalytic activity, stability, simplicity of biosynthesis and higher optimization when compared with plants and animal enzymes, microbes and enzymes are now widely used in the food and medical industries. Enzymes usage across diverse industries (such as food, agriculture, chemicals, and medicines) is rapidly on the increase owing to their characteristic rapid processing time, low energy requirements, affordability, non-toxic and environmental friendliness. Therefore, toxic chemicals from the domestic environment and various industries (e.g. phenols, nitriles and amines) can be degraded or converted by microbes. This review is geared towards discussing the present-day technical and scientific involvement of ubiquitous organisms (microorganisms) and the production of enzymes with their present status in global enzyme market among various industries.
Emetine in Appendicular Abscess

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

MEDIALSOURNAL 759over the swelling was incised and a sac con- taining altered blood was found, but with no connexion between the sac and the femoral artery.The sac was dissected out and excised.I had the privilege of seeing this operation as I was anaesthetizing the patient.On micro- scopy of the contents the typical layers of a thrombus were apparent.The patient made an uneventful recovery.It must be apparent to all concerned with large series of angiogram studies that perivascular leakage though small must be rela- tively commonplace.How then can one sup- port large-scale routine arterial puncture as being without hazard ?I am most grateful for the advice and valuable help given to me
Triple-fusion protein (TriFu) : a potent, targeted, enzyme-like inhibitor of all three complement activation pathways

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The introduction of a therapeutic anti-C5 antibody into clinical practice in 2007 inspired a surge into the development of complement-targeted therapies. This has led to the recent approval of a C3 inhibitory peptide, an antibody directed against C1s and a full pipeline of several complement inhibitors in preclinical and clinical development. However, no inhibitor is available that efficiently inhibits all three complement initiation pathways and targets host cell surface markers as well as complement opsonins. To overcome this, we engineered a novel fusion protein combining selected domains of the three natural complement regulatory proteins decay accelerating factor, factor H and complement receptor 1. Such a triple fusion complement inhibitor (TriFu) was recombinantly expressed and purified alongside multiple variants and its building blocks. We analyzed these proteins for ligand binding affinity and decay acceleration activity by surface plasmon resonance. Additionally, we tested complement inhibition in several in vitro/ex vivo assays using standard classical and alternative pathway restricted hemolysis assays next to hemolysis assays with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria erythrocytes. A novel in vitro model of the alternative pathway disease C3 glomerulopathy was established to evaluate the potential of the inhibitors to stop C3 deposition on endothelial cells. Next to the novel engineered triple fusion variants which inactivate complement convertases in an enzyme-like fashion, stoichiometric complement inhibitors targeting C3, C5, factor B, and factor D were tested as comparators. The triple fusion approach yielded a potent complement inhibitor that efficiently inhibits all three complement initiation pathways while targeting to surface markers.
Out-of-Field Teaching Experiences of Science Teachers in Non-Specialized Subjects: A Phenomenological Study

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

A teacher must have immense knowledge of the subject they are going to teach. However, teachers in the field experiences teaching on the subject that they do not master. The study aimed to explore science teachers' experiences in teaching non-specialized subjects. The study utilized Moustakas’ Transcendental Phenomenological (TPh) design and employed in-depth interviews (IDI) as the data collection method. Ten participants were purposively selected for this study, consisting of junior and senior high school teachers from Mlang National High School under the Cotabato Division for the School Year 2023–2024. Thematic analysis was applied to generate the data from various sources to gain a fuller perception of the study. Coding was done, and themes were categorized accordingly. Seven (7) essential themes were generated on the teachers' lifeworld in teaching non-specialized subjects. The contexts of the teacher’s lived experiences in teaching non-specialized subjects revealed three (3) significant themes. Additionally, it is shown that six out of ten participants see themselves teaching specialized subjects in the future and four of them learned to love handling non-specialized subjects. As a result, the study recommends realignment of subjects taught, applicant selection, and conducting school visitation among the Department of Education (DepEd) Key Personnel to ensure the exact number of teachers needed in the specific field. Furthermore, the researcher recommends conducting further studies to determine the root cause of the unresolved problem of mismatch among teachers in the education system. Also, future studies could use quantitative methods to provide a more structured and statistically backed analysis and examine how various motivational factors affect teachers who teach subjects outside their specialization, despite facing challenges such as a lack of expertise or resources.
Economic Takeoff and Capital Flight

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper presents a model of economic takeoff and capital flight with free international capital flows. In the early stage of development, investments are complementary and production exhibits increasing returns to capital. The increasing returns give rise to strategic complementarity between the optimal portfolio decisions of international investors. It produces two stable Nash equilibria: a low and high capital equilibrium. Switches between two equilibria represent economic takeoff and capital flight. At the high capital equilibrium, the interest rate parity with risk premium holds and international capital allocation is efficient. The model identifies the return and risk factors that can trigger switches between two equilibria. The role of government is to achieve the high capital equilibrium through policies that affect the return and risk factors. The globalization of capital markets helps achieve economic takeoff through risk-sharing among the increasing number of investors. The development strategy of domestic capital accumulation and capital market liberalization can achieve economic takeoff. However, a developing country may be trapped in the low capital equilibrium if the liberalization is implemented before a sufficient accumulation of domestic capital.
Effect of Soil Moisture Management on the Development of Potato mop-top virus-Induced Tuber Necrosis

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Potato mop-top virus (PMTV), transmitted by Spongospora subterranea f. sp. subterranea, the causal agent of powdery scab in potato, has become one of the most important tuber necrosis viruses in the United States. The virus has been confirmed in six major potato-producing states in the United States since its identification in 2003. Currently, no control methods are available for PMTV or its vector. A growth-chamber experiment was conducted to investigate the potential of using moisture regime adjustments to manage tuber necrosis caused by PMTV. Two commercial potato cultivars with varying levels of sensitivity to PMTV, ‘Dakota Crisp’ and ‘Ivory Crisp’, were grown in soil obtained from a PMTV-infested field. Over the course of the plant growth cycle, plants of each cultivar were subjected to moisture regimes of wet throughout (WT), wet early/dry late (WEDL), dry early/wet late (DEWL), and dry throughout (DT). Soil moisture levels of 90 and 60% field capacity were considered wet and dry, respectively, while early and late refer to first and last 50 days after planting, respectively. Results of visual assessment conducted 3 months after storage showed significant differences in root gall formation, powdery scab on tubers, and PMTV tuber necrosis among moisture regimes. Powdery scab incidence was significantly higher in the WT and DEWL regimes than WEDL and DT regimes. PMTV tuber necrosis incidence did not differ between the WT and DEWL or between DEWL and WEDL moisture regimes. However, PMTV tuber necrosis incidence was significantly higher in WT than under WEDL and DT regimes. The incidence of PMTV tuber necrosis was significantly lower in the DT regime than in the other three moisture regimes. Severity of PMTV tuber necrosis was significantly higher in the WT than the other regimes, which did not differ statistically among themselves. A significant interaction was found between cultivar and moisture regime on root gall formation, with the highest number of galls found on Ivory Crisp grown in the WT moisture regime. A significant correlation was found between powdery scab incidence on tubers and PMTV-induced tuber necrosis incidence. The results of this study provide useful basic information upon which further work can be built for formulating irrigation management schemes that have the potential of reducing the likelihood of powdery scab infection and PMTV-induced tuber necrosis development in potato.
The determinants of discrimination against daughters in China: Evidence from a provincial-level analysis

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper reports a provincial-level analysis of the way in which various socio-economic and socio-demographic determinants influence the decision to discriminate against daughters in China. While most existing studies use the infant or child sex ratio as the only variable to be explained, this study analyses separately the two main discriminatory practices: sex-selective abortion (with sex ratio at birth as a proxy) and neglect of girls' health care (with excess infant mortality among females as a proxy). The analysis helps to illuminate the circumstances that encourage sex-selective behaviours, which appear to be dictated mainly by extreme poverty, family support to the elderly, and father's education, together with the social pressure on couples to adhere to traditional values and roles and the constraints on family size. While sex-selective abortion appears to result from long-term strategies to optimize family composition, lethal neglect is the immediate result of economic constraints.
Cross-immunity among Syngeneic Tumors of Mice

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Cross-immunity among mammary carcinomas of C3H/He mice and that between mammary carcinoma and methylcholanthrene (MCA)-induced sarcoma of C3H/He mice were observed. The degree of immunity in cases of spontaneous regression of the immunizing tumor was more marked than that in cases of ligation-and-release or of surgical excision of the immunizing tumor. Although antigenicity peculiar to the animal in which the tumor originated, in addition to common antigens, had been shown in allogeneic tumors, such antigenicity could not be demonstrated in syngeneic tumors. Autologous transplantation of mammary carcinomas of C3H/He mice was inhibited effectively by immunization with syngeneic MCA-induced sarcoma. The degree of inhibition was more marked in cases of spontaneous regression of the immunizing tumor than in cases of ligation-and-release or of surgical excision of the immunizing tumor.
Sinikka and Tiina Nopola: Finland ★ Authors

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Sinikka and Tiina NopolaFinland ★ Authors Lydia Kokkola Sinikka (b. 1953) and her sister Tiina (b. 1955) Nopola were both born in Helsinki, but moved to Tampere when they were children. Sinikka graduated with an MA from Tampere University before returning to Helsinki, where she initially worked as a journalist. Tiina worked for the city of Helsinki and as a specialist kindergarten teacher before becoming a fulltime writer. Together the sisters have written two very successful series, one about Hayflower and Quiltshoe and the other about Ricky Rapper. They have also written the texts of two picture books about Peaceful Erkki, illustrated by Markus Majaluoma. Sinikka Nopola has also written extensively for adults and her writing includes journalism, plays for radio and stage, novels, song lyrics and TV-drama. Tiina Nopola has also produced a series of picture books about a girl called Siiri, illustrated by Mervi Lindman. The sisters write by sitting together discussing each sentence as it is produced. They claim that this is one of the reasons why their works contain so much dialogue. The sisters’ work reflects changes in child-rearing styles in Finland over the past three decades. Much of their humor is directed at overly concerned parents, but they also consider the problems of physically or emotionally absent parents. The parents of Hayflower and Quiltshoe, in the sisters’ first successful series, are a somewhat absent minded but well-intentioned couple who lead an ecologically friendly lifestyle. In the first book in the series, Heinähattu ja Vilttitossu [Hayflower and Quiltshoe], the girls run away from home, convinced they can manage by themselves, but return home in the company of two policemen after a series of valuable adventures. The Nopolas’ series of books about Ricky Rapper features a young boy who lives with his Aunt Rauha (Peace), who is secretly in love with her neighbor, Mr. Lindberg. Film versions of both series have been produced, and they have also been turned into plays and musicals. Many of the sisters’ volumes have been translated, despite the difficulties of capturing the language play and rhythm of the original texts. Selected Publications Rauhallinen Erkki. [Peaceful Erkki]. Illus. Markus Majaluoma. Helsinki: Tammi, 2001. Print. Google Scholar Heinähattu, Vilttitossu ja Rubensin veljekset [Hayflower, Quiltshoe and the Rubens Brothers]. Illus. Markus Majaluoma. Helsinki: Tammi, 2001. Print. Google Scholar Heinähattu, Vilttitossu ja tanssivakonstaapeli [Hayflower, Quiltshoe and the Dancing Constable]. Illus. Markus Majaluoma. Helsinki: Tammi, 2003. Print. Google Scholar Risto Räppääjä ja villi kone [Ricky Rapper and the Wild Machine]. Illus. Aino Havukainen and Sami Toivonen. Helsinki: Tammi, 2006. Print. Google Scholar Risto Räppääjä ja viimeinen tötterö [Ricky Rapper and the Last Cone]. Illus. Aino Havukainen and Sami Toivonen. Helsinki: Tammi, 2007. Print. [End Page 22] Google Scholar Copyright © 2012 Bookbird, Inc
On the Possibility of Describing Field Variations in Curved Tunnels by Using Modal Approach to the Propagation in Straight Tunnels

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

When the tunnel wall is curved, the existing electromagnetic field prediction methods will encounter serious difficulties in solving the problem, such as the difficulty in obtaining closed-form expressions, and the obvious increase in computational complexity and computational burden. A simplified method is presented in this paper. And the possibility of the field prediction for bending roadways by modal approach in straight roadways is discussed. Firstly, the propagation law in a curved roadway is analyzed. On this basis, the geometrical structure of the curved roadway is simplified. It is equivalent to a splicing of several straight roadways with different inclination angles. Then the channel model is accomplished by using the modal method for the propagation in the straight roadway. Compared with other approaches, the feasibility of the proposed method is verified.
Avaliação do crescimento de acessos de mamona cultivada sob irrigação na região de Mossoró, RN, Brasil

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The castor bean is well adapted to semi-arid region to be able to produce satisfactorily under low water \navailability. The expectation of the use of castor bean production, as alternative energy source, is gaining efficiency in \nthe production system. The experiment was conducted at the Experimental Farm Rafael Fernandes, community of \nAlagoinha, Mossoró. The experiment was installed in the second half of 2009. it was used a randomized block design \nwith six treatments (CNPAM 2001-48; CNPAM 2001-49; CNPAM 2001-50; CNPAM 2001-57, 2001-42 and CNPAM \nBRS-ENERGY) and four replications. Were analyzed growth and development variables during three months of tillage. \nThe cultivars that had larger size were CNPAM 2001-57, CNPAM 2001-49. The smaller growing and smaller stem \ndiameter was the BRS-Energy. The average number of inflorescences issued by cultivar CNPAM 2001-48 was superior \ncompared to other cultivars CNPAM 2001-42 and BRS-Energy.
Age-dependent allocation of carotenoids to colorationversusantioxidant defences

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

SUMMARY Aging is commonly attributed to age-related changes in oxidative damage due to an increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and a weakened efficacy of enzymatic antioxidants. These age-related changes might therefore modify the use of dietary antioxidants, including carotenoids. As carotenoids are closely associated with the expression of secondary sexual signals, the allocation of carotenoids to sexual signal versus antioxidant defences may vary with age. In this study, we explored how carotenoid-based ornament and antioxidant activity varied with age and how an inflammatory-induced oxidative burst affected ornament and antioxidant activity across a range of ages. Using zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata) as a model species, we assessed circulating carotenoids, beak coloration and the plasma antioxidant status of birds of different ages before and after an inflammatory challenge. Our results show that old individuals display similar carotenoid-based sexual signals regardless of the availability of circulating carotenoids, suggesting a terminal investment of old individuals in their last reproductive event. Additionally, we found that an inflammatory insult induced a decrease in the total antioxidant activity and in the expression of a carotenoid-based sexual signal in the oldest individuals. These results suggest that old individuals pay an extra cost of immune activation possibly because the efficiency of antioxidant machinery varies with age.
A Fission Fragment Reactor Concept for Nuclear Space Propulsion

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) has proposed a new nuclear thermal propulsion concept that uses fission fragments to directly heat the propellant up to 1000K or higher above the material temperatures. The concept offers significant advantages over traditional solid core nuclear rocket concepts because of higher propellant exit temperatures while at the same time providing for more reliable operation due to lower structure temperatures and lower power densities. The concept can be operated in either steady state or pulsed modes. The engine consists of tubular modules, each with its own pressure boundary and rocket nozzle. The steady state mode requires a large engine with a reflector for criticality, provides high thrust and high ISP. The pulse mode utilizes a driver reactor for criticality, can be considerably smaller with lower but scaleable thrust. The pulse mode does require an external heat radiator for reactor cooling, which limits its duty cycle.