jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The osteoarthritis pain enigma and how biomechanics research can lead to new solutions

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The primary function of our joints is to provide pain-free movement. However, with osteoarthritis (OA), the joint's structures are damaged, potentially leading to chronic joint pain. While it is logical to assume chronic OA pain relates to tissue destruction, a direct relationship between joint structure and pain is not the full story. For the last 25 years, epidemiologic data estimates that there are as many asymptomatic cases of OA as symptomatic cases in the United States. Thus, the relationship between OA pathology and painful symptoms is more complex than "more damage leads to more pain." This OA pain enigma is one of the outstanding challenges in the field. Since the ultimate function of the joint is to provide pain-free movement, this narrative review discusses our opinions on how biomechanics can continue to advance our understanding of joint function within the context of chronic OA pain. Using multiscale mechanics, we have learned critical lessons on how loads are transferred during movement. Tissue structure-function modeling has begun to reveal how articular cartilage produces its extraordinary mechanical functions. Moreover, biomechanics principles are being incorporated into rehabilitation and "prehabilitation" strategies in the clinic. Within these biomechanical lessons, a critical challenge remains for the OA joint-is our goal pain free movement or restoration of the joint? Within the OA pain enigma, the relationship between pain and function remains closely entwined, and our outlook sees a critical role for biomechanics research advancing our understanding of chronic OA pain.
The Chick Embryo Chorioallantoic Membrane as an in vivo Model to Study Metastasis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Metastasis is a complex process that includes several steps: neoplastic progression, angiogenesis, cell migration and invasion, intravasation into nearby blood vessels, survival in the circulatory system, extravasation followed by homing into distant tissues, the formation of micrometastases, and finally the growth into macroscopic secondary tumors. This complexity makes metastases difficult to investigate and quantify in animal models. The chick embryo is a unique in vivo model that overcomes many limitations for studying the metastatic process, due to the accessibility of the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM), a well-vascularized extra-embryonic tissue located under the eggshell, that is receptive to the xenografting of mammalian tumor cells, including human. Since the chick embryo is naturally immunodeficient at this stage, the CAM can support the engraftment of tumor cells, and their growth therein can faithfully recapitulate most of the characteristics of the carcinogenic process including: growth, invasion, angiogenesis and colonization of distant tissues (Deryugina and Quigley, 2008; Zijlstra et al., 2002). The CAM sustains rapid tumor formation within 5-7 days after cancer cell grafting. This feature provides a unique experimental model for a rapid study of the intravasation and colonization steps of the metastatic cascade. Furthermore, using quantitative PCR to detect species-specific sequences, such as Alu, the chick embryo CAM model can be used to monitor and quantify the presence of the xenografted, ectopic tumor cells in distant tissues. Thus, the chick embryo model has proved a valuable tool for cancer research, in particular for the investigation of molecules and pathways involved in cancer metastasis and to analyze the response of metastatic cancer to potential therapies (Herrero et al., 2015; Casar et al., 2014). In this respect, the use of the rapid and quantitative spontaneous metastasis chick embryo model can provide an alternative approach to conventional mouse model systems for screening anti-cancer agents.
L’Unione Bancaria Europea. Di nuovo un disegno istituzionale incompleto (The European banking union. An incomplete institutional design, again)

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

<p>The proposal for a European banking union represents the more recent effort to drive the Eurozone countries towards the effective adoption of a single rulebook and a single supervisory handbook, at the same time endowing them with a centralised mechanism for the resolution of bank crises. The new institutional framework should help to disconnect banking operations from the vicissitudes of sovereign debts, to reverse the recent re-nationalisation of finance and to restore the effectiveness of ECB monetary policy. Although the new framework would mark a significant advancement with respect to the present situation, its predictable incomplete adoption, restricted to the single supervisory mechanism, coupled with the unwillingness to burden it with legacy problems, will most likely produce opposite results from its inception. Although the full implementation of the proposal would not constitute a departure from the political de-centralised design that has so far dominated the European construction, the potential fiscal implications of a centralised resolution mechanism have raised the same barriers that have so far impeded to complete the design initiated with the Maastricht Treaty.</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p><strong>JEL Codes: </strong>E02, F33, G18</p><p><strong>Keywords:</strong> European Union, banking union, financial regulation</p>
Novel Coronavirus and Astrovirus in Delaware Bay

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Background: Wild birds are an important but to some extent under-studied reservoir for emerging pathogens. We used unbiased sequencing methods for virus discovery in shorebird samples from the Delaware Bay, USA; an important feeding ground for thousands of migratory birds. Findings: Analysis of shorebird fecal samples indicated the presence of a novel astrovirus and coronavirus. A sanderling sample yielded sequences with distant homology to avian nephritis virus 1, an astrovirus associated with acute nephritis in poultry. A ruddy turnstone sample yielded sequences with homology to deltacoronaviruses. Conclusions: Our findings highlight shorebirds as a virus reservoir and the need to closely monitor wild bird populations for the emergence of novel virus variants.
Microregionalism in the Zambezi Basin

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

There are no less than 15 major river basins in southern Africa. Many of these are shared, not least because major rivers were often somewhat arbitrarily designated as national boundaries during colonial rule. The Zambezi is one of the largest rivers in southern Africa, passing through eight countries – Angola, Botswana, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe – before running into the Indian Ocean. The basin itself is larger in size than any of its constituent countries. It is more than 14 times the size of Malawi, which is the smallest basin state. There are some 38.4 million people living in the basin and the river is a veritable artery of life and development for large parts of this population, particularly in the main basin countries: Zambia, Zimbabwe, Malawi and Mozambique.KeywordsHydroelectric PowerRiparian StateWorld OrderSouthern African Development CommunityRiparian CountryThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Selection of Reference Genes in Small Intestinal Mucosa of Hu Lambs

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Six Hu lambs were used and three of them were slaughtered at 42 and 84 days of age separately to select a suitable reference gene for real time-PCR( RT-PCR) of lamb intestinal mucosa. Stabilities of four candidate housekeeping genes glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase( G APDH),phosphoglycerate kinase 1( PGK1),18 S rRNA and β-actin( ACTB) were measured in mucosa of duodenum,jejunum and ileum. The results showed as follow: four candidate housekeeping genes' specific gene fragments were detected; the expression of PG K1 and ACTB turned out to be the most stable between mucosa of three small intestinal compartments; and all four candidate genes showed a constant expression between 42 and 84 days of age; the expression of ACTB is the most stable gene according the analysis of ΔCt method and ge Norm software. It is concluded that ACTB is the best reference gene of RT-PCR for Hu lambs small intestinal mucosa.
Stress-Related Disorders and Autoimmune Disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Renovated Atlas mill will produce uranium, vanadium, and copper. [Moah, Utah]

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Atlas Minerals' renovated Moab, Utah, mill is slated to go on stream in the first quarter of 1976. It will incorporate a strong acid uranium-vanadium circuit and a caustic precipitation alkaline leach circuit. All liquid effluent which is not recycled will be impounded and evaporated. (DLC)
Sensors and Instrumentation for Monitoring and Control of Multi-Phase Separation

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The use of sensors and instrumentation for monitoring and control of multi phase separation of crude oil in oil industry is discussed. Crude oil is pumped to large tanks to separate gas, oil, water, and other materials. It is important to monitor the separation process and to measure the multi interfaces between materials, such as gas foam, foam oil, oil emulsion, and water sand. The gamma ray systems are the multi interface level measurement systems, which are based on measuring attenuation of gamma radiation to detect the density profile in a separator. Because of different densities of oil, water, emulsion, foam and sand, the radiation signals are attenuated differently and multi interfaces can be measured. Ultrasonic transducers is used for single level measurement and are used to determine a single interface between gas liquid or gas solids. Capacitance transducers are designed to measure a single interface level. Inductive systems are used for multi interface level measurement.
Quality Assessment Moving From Theory to Practice

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Throughout the era of modern medicine, physicians have constantly risen to the challenge of resolving difficult problems. The process of resolution has provided both intellectual stimulation and the fundamental satisfaction of improving the human condition. Today, medicine faces a more complex challenge, the challenge to engage in meaningful selfexamination. In this issue ofJAMA, Avedis Donabedian,1widely recognized for his formulation of quality assessment, sets forth in lucid detail the formidable task now facing clinical medicine. Despite exhortations for self-examination from the physician community since early in this century, what we know and have done about quality assessment to date is remarkably little. Students of quality assessment will find the Donabedian construct to be both provocative and useful. So too should practicing physicians, as we all begin to grapple with the convolutions of a different kind of science. This, of course, is not simply a scientific puzzle. The quality
Efficacy and safety of taletrectinib in patients with advanced or metastatic ROS1+ non–small cell lung cancer: The phase 2 TRUST-I study.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

8520 Background: Taletrectinib, a highly potent, next-generation, central nervous system–active, selective ROS1 tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), was previously reported to provide high overall and intracranial (IC) response rates, prolonged progression-free survival (PFS), and activity against G2032R with favorable tolerability. We report updated data from the TRUST-I study (NCT04395677), the largest clinical trial to date conducted in patients living with ROS1+ NSCLC. Methods: TRUST-I, a multicenter, single-arm, open-label, pivotal phase 2 study of taletrectinib conducted in China, had 2 cohorts: TKI-naïve and TKI-pretreated. The primary endpoint was objective response rate (ORR) by Independent Review Committee (IRC) per RECIST 1.1. Secondary endpoints included duration of response (DoR), PFS, overall survival (OS), and safety. Results: As of November 2023, 173 patients were enrolled (median age: 55 y; 58% female; 73% never smoked; TKI-naïve: n = 106; TKI-pretreated: n = 67). In TKI-naïve patients, 21% had prior chemotherapy, and 17% had brain metastases; in TKI-pretreated patients, 34% had prior chemotherapy, and 42% had brain metastases. In TKI-naïve patients, the ORR was 91% (95% CI: 83, 95) and IC-ORR was 88% (7/8; 95% CI: 47, 100). In TKI-pretreated patients, the ORR was 52% (95% CI: 40, 65) and IC-ORR was 75% (12/16; 95% CI: 48, 93). In patients with G2032R mutation, 8 of 12 patients (67% [95% CI: 35, 90]) responded. DoR and PFS remain durable, with median follow-up of 23.5 months in TKI-naïve patients and 9.7 months in TKI-pretreated patients (Table). Among all patients (n = 173), the most frequent treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were AST increase (76%), diarrhea (70%), and ALT increase (68%). Rates of neurologic TEAEs were low (dizziness: 23%; dysgeusia: 10%) and mostly grade 1. Discontinuation (5%) and dose reductions (19%) due to TEAEs were low. Conclusions: With longer follow-up, taletrectinib continues to show high and durable overall responses, robust intracranial and G2032R activity, and a favorable safety profile with a low incidence of neurologic AEs. An additional ongoing pivotal phase 2 study, TRUST-II (NCT04919811), is further evaluating the efficacy and safety of taletrectinib in patients in the US, Europe, and Asia. Clinical trial information: NCT04395677 . [Table: see text]
ENDOSCOPY AND COHOMOLOGY IN A TOWER OF CONGRUENCE MANIFOLDS FOR

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

By assuming the endoscopic classification of automorphic representations on inner forms of unitary groups, which is currently work in progress by Kaletha, Minguez, Shin, and White, we bound the growth of cohomology in congruence towers of locally symmetric spaces associated to $U(n,1)$ . In the case of lattices arising from Hermitian forms, we expect that the growth exponents we obtain are sharp in all degrees.
Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Current Management and Future Development—Improved Outcomes with Surgical Resection

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Currently, surgical resection is the treatment strategy offering the best long-term outcomes in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Especially for advanced HCC, surgical resection is the only strategy that is potentially curative, and the indications for surgical resection have expanded concomitantly with the technical advances in hepatectomy. A major problem is the high recurrence rate even after curative resection, especially in the remnant liver. Although repeat hepatectomy may prolong survival, the suitability may be limited due to multiple tumor recurrence or background liver cirrhosis. Multimodality approaches combining other local ablation or systemic therapy may help improve the prognosis. On the other hand, minimally invasive, or laparoscopic, hepatectomy has become popular over the last decade. Although the short-term safety and feasibility has been established, the long-term outcomes have not yet been adequately evaluated. Liver transplantation for HCC is also a possible option. Given the current situation of donor shortage, however, other local treatments should be considered as the first choice as long as liver function is maintained. Non-transplant treatment as a bridge to transplantation also helps in decreasing the risk of tumor progression or death during the waiting period. The optimal timing for transplantation after HCC recurrence remains to be investigated.
Interaction of the Endocytic Scaffold Protein Pan1 with the Type I Myosins Contributes to the Late Stages of Endocytosis□D

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The yeast endocytic scaffold Pan1 contains an uncharacterized proline-rich domain (PRD) at its carboxy (C)-terminus. We report that the pan1-20 temperature-sensitive allele has a disrupted PRD due to a frame-shift mutation in the open reading frame of the domain. To reveal redundantly masked functions of the PRD, synthetic genetic array screens with a pan1PRD strain found genetic interactions with alleles of ACT1, LAS17 and a deletion of SLA1. Through a yeast two-hybrid screen, the Src homology 3 domains of the type I myosins, Myo3 and Myo5, were identified as binding partners for the C-terminus of Pan1. In vitro and in vivo assays validated this interaction. The relative timing of recruitment of Pan1-green fluorescent protein (GFP) and Myo3/5-red fluorescent protein (RFP) at nascent endocytic sites was revealed by two-color real-time fluorescence microscopy; the type I myosins join Pan1 at cortical patches at a late stage of internalization, preceding the inward movement of Pan1 and its disassembly. In cells lacking the Pan1 PRD, we observed an increased lifetime of Myo5-GFP at the cortex. Finally, Pan1 PRD enhanced the actin polymerization activity of Myo5–Vrp1 complexes in vitro. We propose that Pan1 and the type I myosins interactions promote an actin activity important at a late stage in endocytic internalization.
Data from Plasma Metabolic Profiles-Based Prediction of Induction Chemotherapy Efficacy in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: Results of a Bidirectional Clinical Trial

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<div>AbstractPurpose:<p>The efficacy of induction chemotherapy (IC) as a primary treatment for advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) remains a topic of debate, with a lack of dependable biomarkers for predicting its efficacy. This study seeks to establish a predictive classifier using plasma metabolomics profiles.</p>Patients and Methods:<p>A total of 166 NPC patients enrolled in the clinical trial NCT05682703 who were undergoing IC were included in the study. Plasma lipoprotein profiles were obtained using 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance before and after IC treatment. An artificial intelligence-assisted radiomics method was developed to effectively evaluate its efficacy. Metabolic biomarkers were identified through a machine learning approach based on a discovery cohort and subsequently validated in a validation cohort that mimicked the most unfavorable real-world scenario.</p>Results:<p>Our research findings indicate that the effectiveness of IC varies among individual patients, with a correlation observed between efficacy and changes in metabolite profiles. Using machine learning techniques, it was determined that the extreme gradient boosting model exhibited notable efficacy, attaining an area under the curve (AUC) value of 0.792 (95% CI, 0.668–0.913). In the validation cohort, the model exhibited strong stability and generalizability, with an AUC of 0.786 (95% CI, 0.533–0.922).</p>Conclusions:<p>In this study, we found that dysregulation of plasma lipoprotein may result in resistance to IC in NPC patients. The prediction model constructed based on the plasma metabolites’ profile has good predictive capabilities and potential for real-world generalization. This discovery has implications for the development of treatment strategies and may offer insight into potential targets for enhancing the effectiveness of IC.</p></div>
High-level expression of a foreign gene from the most 3′-proximal locus of a recombinant Newcastle disease virus

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

A previous report showed that insertion of a foreign gene encoding chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) between the HN and L genes of the full-length cDNA of a virulent Newcastle disease virus (NDV) yielded virus with growth retardation and attenuation. The NDV vector used in that study was pathogenic to chickens; it is therefore not suitable for use as a vaccine vector. In the present study, an avirulent NDV vector was generated and its potential to express CAT protein was evaluated. The CAT gene was under the control of NDV transcriptional start and stop signals and was inserted immediately before the open reading frame of the viral 3′-proximal nucleocapsid protein gene. A recombinant NDV expressing CAT activity at a high level was recovered. The replication and pathogenesis of the CAT-expressing recombinant NDV were not modified significantly. These results indicate the potential utility of an avirulent NDV as a vaccine vector.
Semiotics Study on Poster Film The Pursuit of Happyness

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This study concerns on Semiotics fields. The problems of the study are what signs that represent film The Pursuit of Happyness on poster; what meanings are contained in the poster of the film; and how is poster design of The Pursuit of Happyness attracting the audience’s attention. The research aims to find out signs that represent the film; to find out meanings that contain on poster; and to find out how the design used to attract attention of the audience. This study uses qualitative method. The findings of the study shows that there are 9 signs on the poster namely white background, the shining light between two main characters, the use of colour and size on two words (‘pursuit’ and ‘happy’), the position of some words, the symbol of father and son, gesture of the two main characters, the appearance of two main character, facial expression and the intention of the slogan ‘inspired by true story’ as well as Christmas 2006. Each sign has meaning. The way illustrator attracting audience’s attention is very smooth. Although the poster looks simple, the visual and the way s/he uses the colours. By the name of actor, the slogan, and the design, the illustrator is successful in building people’s enthusiasms on the film. Keywords: film, poster, semiotics DOI : 10.7176/JLLL/54-06 Publication date :March 31 st 2019