jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Automatic Matching of Protein Spots by Reflecting Their Topology

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

두 개의 이차원 단백질 전기영동 영상에서 한쪽 영상의 각 반점이 다른 영상의 어느 반점과 일치하는 지 알아내는 일은 단백질의 생성과 소멸, 변이 등을 알 수 있게 하는 중요한 일이다. 단백질 반점은 주로 2차원 전기영동에 의해 분리된다. 이 과정은 조직의 상태, 실험 조건 등에 따라 같은 단백질이라도 그 위치가 조금씩 다르게 된다. 각 반점을 정합하여 보면 균일하지 않은 비선형 변환 관계를 이룬다. 그러나 국지적으로 보면 반점 사이의 토폴로지가 유지되는 것을 볼 수 있다. 본 연구는 이러한 토폴로지의 유지에 착안하여 반점끼리 정합하는 방법을 제안한다. 토폴로지의 유사성을 비교하기 위하여 이웃한 반점과의 거리와 각도를 비교하였다. 실험을 통하여 제안한 방법이 우수함을 보였다. Matching spots between two sets of 2-dimensional electrophoresis can make it possible to find out the generation, extinction and change of proteins. Generally protein spots are separated by 2-dimensional electrophoresis. This process makes the position of the same protein spot a little different according to the status of the tissue or the experimental environment. Matching the spots shows that the relation of spots is non-uniform and non-linear transformation. However we can also find that the local relation preserves the topology. This study proposes a matching method motivated by the preservation of the topology. To compare the similarity of the topology, we compared the distance and the angle between neighbour spots. Experimental result shows that the proposed method is effective.
The Regional Cleavage in Western Europe: Can Social Composition, Value Orientations and Territorial Identities Explain the Impact of Region on Party Choice?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In this article regional differences in party support are analysed by means of comparative survey data from 15 West European countries. The main research question is: How can we explain that people in different regions vote for different political parties? On the basis of the literature on new regionalism and old and new politics, this article formulates two sets of hypotheses which are considered related to new regionalism and new politics, and old regionalism and old politics, respectively. A causal model is formulated which includes three groups of explanatory variables, namely, (other) socio-structural variables, value orientations and territorial identities. The main findings support the old regionalism and old politics notions of how we can explain the regional cleavage. Social structure is the most important explanatory variable, and, among the various value orientations, old politics values are most important. There is, however, some evidence that values and territorial identities are important explanatory variables in three of the countries where the regional cleavage has increased since the 1970s: Belgium, Italy and Spain.
Econometrics For Grumblers: A New Look At The Literature On Cross-Country Growth Empirics

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Since the seminal contribution of Gregory Mankiw, David Romer and David Weil (1992), the growth\nempirics literature has used increasingly sophisticated methods to select relevant growth determinants\nin estimating cross-section growth regressions. The vast majority of empirical approaches however limit\ncross-country heterogeneity in production technology to the specification of Total Factor Productivity,\nthe ‘measure of our ignorance’ (Abramowitz, 1956). The central theme of this survey is an investigation\nof this choice of specification against the background of pertinent data properties when the units of\nobservations are countries or regions and the time-series dimension of the data becomes substantial.\nWe present two general empirical frameworks for cross-country productivity analysis and demonstrate\nthat they encompass the approaches in the growth empirics literature of the past two decades. We\nthen develop our central argument, that cross-country heterogeneity in the impact of observables and\nunobservables on output is important for reliable empirical analysis. This idea is developed against the\nbackground of the pertinent time-series and cross-section properties of macro panel data.
The Influence Of Leadership And Work Environment On Employee Performance At The Office Of The Secretariat Of The Lahat Regency Legislature

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This study aims to determine the effect of leadership and work environment on employee performance at the Lahat Regency DPRD Secretariat Office. The sample in this study amounted to 42 respondents who were distributed to employees at the Lahat Regency DPRD Secretariat Office. The data analysis method used is quantitative analysis using Data Quality Test (Validity Test and Reliability Test), Inferential Statistical Test (Multiple Linear Regression, Correlation Coefficient, Coefficient of Determination, t test, and F test). The results of the analysis obtained Leadership has a positive and significant effect on Employee Performance at the Lahat Regency DPRD Secretariat Office, this can be seen from the t value (4.214) > t table (2.023). And the Work Environment has a positive and significant effect on Employee Performance at the Lahat Regency DPRD Secretariat Office, this can be seen from the t value (3,207) > t-table (2,023). And Leadership and Work Environment have a positive and significant effect on Employee Performance at the Lahat Regency DPRD Secretariat Office, this can be seen from the calculated F value (25.463) > F table (4.091) and the significance value < the significance level (α) 0.05 (0.000 < 0.05).
Analysis of Customer Churn in Mobile Industry using Data Mining

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Customer churn prediction in Mobile industry is a latest research topic in recent years. A huge amount of data is generated in Mobile industry every minute. Data mining techniques have also developed in various ways. Customer churn is considered as one of the major issues in Mobile industry. The research signifies that it is more expensive to gain a new customer than to retain an existing one. The knowledge extracted from Mobile industry helps to understand the reasons of customer churn and Telecom providers use the data to retain existing customers. This paper surveys the commonly used data mining techniques to identify customer churn patterns. Classification and association models are the two most commonly used models for data mining in Customer Relationship Management. This study focuses on data mining techniques for reducing customer churn and also likely to reduce error ratio. The recent literature in the area of predictive data mining techniques in customer churn behavior is reviewed and a discussion on the future research directions is offered.
Machine learning for the diagnosis of Parkinson's disease: A systematic review

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Diagnosis of Parkinson's disease (PD) is commonly based on medical observations and assessment of clinical signs, including the characterization of a variety of motor symptoms. However, traditional diagnostic approaches may suffer from subjectivity as they rely on the evaluation of movements that are sometimes subtle to human eyes and therefore difficult to classify, leading to possible misclassification. In the meantime, early non-motor symptoms of PD may be mild and can be caused by many other conditions. Therefore, these symptoms are often overlooked, making diagnosis of PD at an early stage challenging. To address these difficulties and to refine the diagnosis and assessment procedures of PD, machine learning methods have been implemented for the classification of PD and healthy controls or patients with similar clinical presentations (e.g., movement disorders or other Parkinsonian syndromes). To provide a comprehensive overview of data modalities and machine learning methods that have been used in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of PD, in this study, we conducted a systematic literature review of studies published until February 14, 2020, using the PubMed and IEEE Xplore databases. A total of 209 studies were included, extracted for relevant information and presented in this systematic review, with an investigation of their aims, sources of data, types of data, machine learning methods and associated outcomes. These studies demonstrate a high potential for adaptation of machine learning methods and novel biomarkers in clinical decision making, leading to increasingly systematic, informed diagnosis of PD.
STAT3-dependent IL-21 production from T helper cells regulates hematopoietic progenitor cell homeostasis

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract The contribution of specific cell types to the production of cytokines that regulate hematopoiesis is still not well defined. We have previously identified T cell–dependent regulation of hematopoietic progenitor cell (HPC) numbers and cycling. In this report, we demonstrated that HPC activity is decreased in mice with STAT3-deficient T cells, a phenotype that is not because of decreased expression of IL-17 or RORγt. STAT3 expression in T cells was required for IL-21 production by multiple T helper subsets, and neutralization of IL-21 resulted in decreased HPC activity identical to that in mice with STAT3-deficient T cells. Importantly, injection of IL-21 rescued HPC activity in mice with STAT3-deficient T cells. Thus, STAT3-dependent IL-21 production in T cells is required for HPC homeostasis.
© Science and Education Publishing DOI:10.12691/ajmr-3-2-7 Fermentation of Pods of Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L) Using Palm Wine Yeasts for the Production of Alcohol

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Ripe cocoa pods whose seeds have been extracted were examined for production of ethanol and biomass as one of the measures of converting waste into useful products. The cocoa pods were grinded to fine powder and hydrolyzed using 1M HCl for 4 hours at 75°C to digest the cellulose to glucose. The hydrolysate was filtered, neutralized with 2 % NaOH and the salt disposed. Determination of reducing sugar by Fehling’s reagent confirmed presence of glucose in the medium. 15°Brix sugar (1.0625SG) produced from the hydrolysis was optimized to 24°Brix (1.104 SG) with 65g of sucrose and fermented to ethanol, using yeasts from Nigerian local palm wine by batch fermentation at room temperature. The pH range was between 4.03-3.91 at temperature of 28°C and 30°C, producing biomass of 0.7-1.489 with fall in the sugar content from 24°Brix to 2°Brix, after 7 days of fermentation. 10.3 % ethanol was obtained after distillation. Further distillation of the sample under controlled fermentation could produce a higher percentage of ethanol.
3d $\mathcal{N}=2$ theories and plumbing graphs: adding matter, gauging, and new dualities

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Recently, a large class of 3d $\mathcal{N} = 2$ gauge theories with mixed Chern-Simons levels, corresponding to plumbing 3-manifolds, has been identified. In this paper we generalize these theories by including in their content chiral multiples, and analyze their properties. We find that the content of such theories can be encoded in graphs, which generalize plumbing graphs, and various operations in these theories can be represented in terms of transformations of such graphs. The operations in question include gauging global symmetries, integrating out gauge nodes, which for theories without chiral multiplets corresponds to Kirby moves, and ST-transformations that involve chiral multiplets. The dualities such as mirror triality and SQED-XYZ duality can be also represented in terms of graphs, and enable us to find many new dual theories by gauging global symmetries. In particular, we find that gauged SQED-XYZ duality leads to other dualities, which take the same form as operations of linking and unlinking discussed in the context of knots-quivers correspondence. We also find that the superpotential can be encoded in an interesting class of triangle graphs that satisfy certain consistency conditions, we discuss decoupling and Higgsing of chiral multiplets, as well as interpretation of various phenomena in terms of brane webs.
Comparative Analysis of Spreader Grafts and Spreader Flaps on Intranasal Drug Delivery Efficiency to Posterolateral Nasal Wall

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: This study compared the impact of spreader grafts (SG) and spreader flaps (SF) on the transport of intranasal drug delivery to target the posterolateral nasal wall. Method: SG and SF were each performed in sequence on two cadaveric specimens after soft tissue elevation technique. Computed tomography scans were acquired following each procedure to generate anatomic models for computational fluid dynamics simulation of intranasal sprays under the following conditions: inhalation rate (15 and 30 L/min), spray velocity (1, 5, and 10 m/s), spray released location (center, lateral, medial, top, and bottom), head position (upright, tilted-forward, tilted-backward, and supine), and particle diameter (1-100 µm). Percentage of particles deposited on the posterolateral nasal wall were calculated. Results: For Specimen 1, highest posterolateral wall depositions were Pre-Op: left = 74%, right = 74%; SF: left = 53%, right = 22%; SG: left = 60%, right = 61%. For Specimen 2, highest posterolateral wall depositions were Pre-Op: left = 25%, right = 83%; SF: left = 29%, right = 76%; SG: left = 14%, right = 72%. In general, posterolateral wall deposition was higher at 30 L/min inhalation rate and at 1 m/s spray velocity. Conclusions: Drug delivery targeting the posterolateral nasal wall appears to be dependent on many factors. However, midvault nasal reconstruction does not increase drug delivery to the posterolateral nasal wall.
RE-THINKING JEWISH IDENTITY IN LATE ANTIQUITY

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Rethinking Jewish Identity in Late Antiquity Naomi Janowitz, University of California-Davis Two intersecting scholarly trends make it an appropriate time to reconsider issues of race and ethnicity in Late Antiquity, specifically with regards to the Jews. First, the demise of normative definitions of ancient Judaism has left us with a wider spectrum of ideas and behaviors that are considered Jewish. Gone are the days when either Josephus’ neat template of sects or the rabbis’ narrow gaze supplied the rubric for conceptualizing late antique Judaism. We are increasingly tempted to resort to the apocryphal definition attributed to Golda Meir: if you call someone a Jew and he does not throw a chair at you, then he is a Jew. Secondly, an extremely rich re-examination of the notion of ethnic identity is available, provided in part by anthropologists but also by historians. Particularly stimulating is Jonathan Hall’s Ethnic Identity in Greek Antiquity, in which he argues that ‘ethnic identity is socially constructed and subjectively perceived (1997:19).’ Hall rejects the common assumption that ethnic identity depends on a simple set of characteristics such as common language, food habits, or religious beliefs, stating that ‘While all of these attributes may act as important symbols of ethnic identity, they really only serve to bolster an identity that is ultimately constructed through written or spoken discourse (1997:2).’ This paper will examine three cases which illuminate how Jewish identity was constructed via written and spoken discourse: 1) the meaning of the term ‘Ioudaios,’ 2) the identity of the “minim” in rabbinic literature and 3) the widespread ascription of esoteric knowledge to the Jews. The first case emphasizes the importance of ancient discourse about ethnos in shaping Jewish identity. The second explains how rabbis adopted the strategy of appropriating to themselves the power to define insiders and outsiders and the third raises the complex problem of how stereotypes influence Jewish identity. I would like to thank Geoffrey Greatrex, Stephen Mitchell, David Olster, Daniel R. Schwartz and Andrew Lazarus. 2 See Geary 1983, Herzfeld 1987 and the extensive bibliography in Hall 1997.
Global commercialization and research of veterinary vaccines against Pasteurella multocida: 2015–2022 technological surveillance

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Background and Aim: Pasteurella multocida can infect a multitude of wild and domesticated animals, bacterial vaccines have become a crucial tool in combating antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in animal production. The study aimed to evaluate the current status and scientific trends related to veterinary vaccines against Pasteurella multocida during the 2015–2022 period. Materials and Methods: The characteristics of globally marketed vaccines were investigated based on the official websites of 22 pharmaceutical companies. VOSviewer® 1.6.18 was used to visualize networks of coauthorship and cooccurrence of keywords from papers published in English and available in Scopus. Results: Current commercial vaccines are mostly inactivated (81.7%), adjuvanted in aluminum hydroxide (57.8%), and designed to immunize cattle (33.0%). Investigational vaccines prioritize the inclusion of attenuated strains, peptide fragments, recombinant proteins, DNA as antigens, aluminum compounds as adjuvants and poultry as the target species. Conclusion: Despite advances in genetic engineering and biotechnology, there will be no changes in the commercial dominance of inactivated and aluminum hydroxide-adjuvanted vaccines in the short term (3–5 years). The future prospects for bacterial vaccines in animal production are promising, with advancements in vaccine formulation and genetic engineering, they have the potential to improve the sustainability of the industry. It is necessary to continue with the studies to improve the efficacy of the vaccines and their availability. Keywords: adjuvant, Pasteurella multocida, strain, technological surveillance, vaccine.
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor antagonist (p425) ameliorates kidney histopathological and functional changes in diabetic rats

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Introduction: It is hypothesized that increased macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) expression may contribute to diabetic nephropathy (DN) pathogenesis. The aim of the present study was to investigate the renal effects of MIF inhibition in a diabetic experimental model. Methods: Eighteen male Wistar rats (230 ± 20 g) were divided into three groups: 1) control, 2) diabetic (STZ, 50 mg/kg, dissolved in saline, ip), 3) diabetic + MIF antagonist (p425, 1 mg/kg per day, ip, on the 21th day, for 21 consecutive days). The treatment started since we founwd a significant increase in urine albumin excretion (UAE) rate in the diabetic rats in comparison with the control rats. The rats were kept individually in metabolic cages (8 AM-2 PM) and urine samples were collected in the 21 and 42th day. At the end, blood and tissue samples were collected for biochemical (BS, UPE, urine GAG, BUN, Cr, Na, and K) and histological analyses. Results: The results of this study showed that MIF antagonist (p425) significantly decreased urine protein and GAG excretion, urine protein/creatinine ratio, and serum BUN and Cr in the streptozotocin-induced DN in the rats. Pathological changes were significantly alleviated in the MIF antagonist (p425)-administered DN rats. Conclusion: Collectively, these data suggested that MIF antagonist (p425) was able to protect against functional and histopathological injury in the DN.
Iron Deficiency and Its Role in Sleep Disruption in Patients With Angelman Syndrome

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: To determine if Angelman syndrome patients with sleep complaints have an increased risk of iron deficiency, and if iron therapy improves their sleep difficulties. Background: About two-thirds of Angelman syndrome patients experience sleep difficulties, which are likely multifactorial. Because iron deficiency can contribute toward restlessness in sleep, we investigated whether it might be a contributing factor in this special population. Methods: This retrospective study involved medical record review of Angelman syndrome patients <18 years old who had attended our multidisciplinary Angelman syndrome clinic and had sleep complaints. Serum ferritin levels were compared to age- and sex-matched controls. Sleep history and nocturnal polysomnogram findings of the Angelman syndrome patients were also characterized. Results: Nineteen Angelman syndrome patients (9 female, mean age 6.2±4.4 years) were identified. All 19 reported sleep difficulties. The mean serum ferritin level was 19.9±8.5 μg/L, while that in controls was 27.8±17.8 μg/L ( P value .13). The odds ratio of iron deficiency in Angelman syndrome compared to controls was 4.17 (95% confidence interval 1.23-14.10), using normal serum ferritin level of 24 μg/L based on literature. Fifteen Angelman syndrome patients underwent nocturnal polysomnogram with 9/15 showing an elevated periodic limb movement index (overall mean 9.8±10.4). Seventeen of 19 received iron therapy. Twelve had follow-up after iron therapy, with parents reporting improved sleep quality. Eight had serum ferritin levels rechecked after iron therapy, showing a mean increase of 24±5.1 μg/L. Conclusions: Sleep difficulties in Angelman syndrome, though multifactorial, may in part be related to iron deficiency. Treatment with iron improved sleep to a modest degree in this population.
Stern Review

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

In general, sadmusic is thought to cause us to experience sadness, which is considered an unpleasant emotion. As a result, the question arises as to why we listen to sad music if it evokes sadness. One possible answer to this question is that we may actually feel positive emotions when we listen to sad music. This suggestion may appear to be counterintuitive; however, in this study, by dividing musical emotion into perceived emotion and felt emotion, we investigated this potential emotional response to music. We hypothesized that felt and perceived emotion may not actually coincide in this respect: sad music would be perceived as sad, but the experience of listening to sad music would evoke positive emotions. A total of 44 participants listened to musical excerpts and provided data on perceived and felt emotions by rating 62 descriptive words or phrases related to emotions on a scale that ranged from 0 (not at all) to 4 (very much). The results revealed that the sad music was perceived to be more tragic, whereas the actual experiences of the participants listening to the sad music induced them to feel more romantic, more blithe, and less tragic emotions than they actually perceived with respect to the same music. Thus, the participants experienced ambivalent emotions when they listened to the sad
Human electroencephalogram induces transient coherence in a spatially extended chaotic model

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

A time series from a human electroencephalogram (EEG) is used as a local perturbation to a chemical reaction-diffusion model exhibiting spatio-temporal chaos. For certain finite ranges of amplitude and frequency it is observed that the strongly irregular EEG perturbations can induce transient coherence in the chaotic system. This could be interpreted as "on-line" detection of an inherently correlated pattern embedded in the EEG.