jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Antioxidant Activity of Several Cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.) Cultivars

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Total phenol, flavonoid and antioxidant components of cabbage leaf samples derived from different cultivar were determined. Total phenol compound content showed the highest amount in methanol extracts from ‘YR Howol’ cultivar (11.72 ㎎/g), followed by ‘Harutame’ (10.66㎎/g), ‘Winstar’ (10.34 ㎎/g) and YR Hero (10.20 ㎎/g). The highest amount of total flavonoid content was observed from the methanol extracts of Harutame (5.39 ㎎/g), followed by Winstar (4.28 ㎎/g), Wialhowol (4.10 ㎎/g). The SOD enzyme activity showed a high activity of ‘YR Hogeo’ cultivar, and the cultivar of ‘YR Howol’ cultivar showed the lowest activity of SOD. The activity of CAT and APX showed higher values ‘Ogane’ and ‘YR Hogeol’ cultivars than the other cultivars. The POD activities showed relatively high values ‘Ogane’ and ‘YR Howol’ cultivars compared with other cultivars. The free radical (DPPH) scavenging activity showed lower IC50 values of ‘Harutame’ (15.71) and ‘YR Howol’ cultivar (16.88), however methanol extract of ‘YR Hero’ cultivar (22.49) being the highest. The extracts of all cabbage cultivars in the reaction solution of pH 1.2 could be decomposed nitrite more than 50%. Especially, the cultivar ‘YR Hogeol’ and ‘Ogane’ showed a relatively high nitrite scavenging activity for each 60.13% and 57.20% respectively. The IC50 values of antioxidant activity determined by ABTS were lower in ‘Harutame’ (17.04) and ‘YR Howol’ cultivar (17.97), and its results observed similar with values obtained from the same extracts by DPPH method. The result of this study suggests that the methanol extract of Brassica oleracea L. contains the high amount of phenolic and higher radical scavenging activities.
Devolution: the disunited kingdom

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The British state appears to be under pressure from both above and below. While some fear British national sovereignty is threatened by the growth of a European superstate (see Chapter 16), others suggest that it could disintegrate into smaller component parts in response to demands for further devolution and decentralisation. It cannot be assumed simply that the British state will go on for ever, in its present form with its current boundaries. In this chapter we review some of the pressures threatening the unity of the United Kingdom. We examine the variously expressed nationalist pressures in Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales, culminating in very different forms of devolution for each area, with considerable but as yet unclear implications for the future of the British state and the majority nation, England. We conclude with a brief analysis of alternative scenarios.
Microstructure of β-Lactoglobulin/Pectin Coacervates Studied by Small-Angle Neutron Scattering

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) has been used to investigate the microstructure of beta-lactoglobulin/pectin coacervates prepared by different initial protein/polysaccharide weight ratio (r), sodium chloride concentration (C(NaCl)), and pectin charge density. The higher r and higher pectin charge density lead to higher scattering intensity at small q range (0.007 Angstrom(-1) < q < 0.02 Angstrom(-1)), suggesting that the charges of pectin chains are screened significantly by the binding of oppositely charged protein molecules, leading to a tighter aggregation of pectin chains. On the other hand, the appearance of a shoulder peak at intermediate q range (0.04 Angstrom(-1) < q < 0.2 Angstrom(-1)) is used to interpret the formation of protein domains in beta-lactoglobulin/pectin coacervates. At C(NaCl) = 0.1 M, the coacervate of beta-lactoglobulin and pectin A does not show a shoulder peak at intermediate q range at r = 10:1, suggesting that protein molecules are separately bound on pectin chains. However, a shoulder peak appears at intermediate q range at r = 20:1 and 30:1, and the average protein domain size estimated from the shoulder peak position is 7.2 and 8.5 nm, respectively, for these two coacervates. When C(NaCl) increases from 0.05 to 0.2 M, the shoulder peak shifts toward smaller q and becomes broader, indicating that the addition of a higher amount of salt leads to a more heterogeneous coacervate structure. Pectin B with a lower linear charge density favors the formation of larger protein domains. The formation of protein domains in beta-lactoglobulin/pectin coacervates is partially ascribed to the self-aggregation of beta-lactoglobulin molecules. Two kinds of microstructures of beta-lactoglobulin/pectin coacervates with and without observable protein domains have been proposed.
Optimization and quality assessment of fertilizers based on resource recovery technologies

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The goal of this master’s thesis was to research the quality of the NPHarvest products as well as the optimization possibilities and the future demands for public image and pollutant removal of resource recovery fertilizers. This study consists of a literary review and an experimental part. \n \nAn optimal product would have a high nutrient content, a low content of harmful substances and microorganisms and good fertilizer qualities. The current Finnish legislation restricts only harmful metals and two indicator bacteria in fertilizers. However, the pollutant legislation is likely to become stricter. Even though circular economy is widely promoted, there can be negative attitudes towards resource recovery-based fertilizers. The public image of further treated resource recovery-based fertilizers should still be studied. \n \nThe experimental part of this thesis was performed in Viikinmäki wastewater treatment plant with the NPHarvest pilot reactor. The pretreatment of the process produces sludge and the membrane reactor produces ammonium sulfate. The hygienization and dewatering of the sludge was tested with three different methods. After this, the quality of the product was examined and growth tests were performed. \n \nBased on the performed tests, the hygienization process should be reconsidered. Organic pollutants and harmful metals were mostly present in low concentrations in the products. The sludge products could work better as a source of calcium and other secondary nutrients than as primary nutrient sources. The properties of the ammonium sulfate solution are likely to improve when fully saturating the solution and using a stronger acid.
Studies on virulence and isolation of pathogenic bacteria causing bacterial septicemia in mandarinfish (Siniperca chuatsi Basilewsky)

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

The characters of pathogenic bacteria of bacterial septicemia in mandarinfish (Siniperca chuatsi B.) are described. the seven strains isolated from the acties of the infected mandarinfish was shown to be the cause of the disease and death of the fish by experimental injected infection. The sympotm cause by the isolated bacteria was similar to that of natural symptom. According to the morpholical features indentified by dircet fluorescent antibody technique and biochemical characteristics, the strains, BS-1, BS-3, BS-5, BS-6, BS-7, BS-8 and BS-10 belonged to Aeromonas hydrophila.
Landscape-scale conservation mitigates the biodiversity loss of grassland birds

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The decline of biodiversity from anthropogenic landscape modification is among the most pressing conservation problems world-wide. In North America, long-term population declines have elevated the recovery of the grassland avifauna to among the highest conservation priorities. Because the vast majority of grasslands of the Great Plains are privately owned, the recovery of these ecosystems and bird populations within them depend on landscape-scale conservation strategies that integrate social, economic, and biodiversity objectives. The Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) is a voluntary program for private agricultural producers administered by the United States Department of Agriculture that provides financial incentives to take cropland out of production and restore perennial grassland. We investigated spatial patterns of grassland availability and restoration to inform landscape-scale conservation for a comprehensive community of grassland birds in the Great Plains. The research objectives were to 1) determine how apparent habitat loss has affected spatial patterns of grassland bird biodiversity, 2) evaluate the effectiveness of CRP for offsetting the biodiversity declines of grassland birds and 3) develop spatially explicit predictions to estimate the biodiversity benefit of adding CRP to landscapes impacted by habitat loss. We used the Integrated Monitoring in Bird Conservation Regions program to evaluate hypotheses for the effects of habitat loss and restoration on both the occupancy and species richness of grassland specialists within a continuum modelling framework. We found the odds of community occupancy declined by 37% for every 1 Standard Deviation (SD) decrease in grassland availability [loge(km2)] and increased by 20% for every 1 SD increase in CRP land cover [loge(km2)]. There was 17% turnover in species composition between intact grasslands and CRP landscapes, suggesting grasslands restored by CRP retained considerable, but incomplete representation of biodiversity in agricultural landscapes. Spatially explicit predictions indicated absolute conservation outcomes were greatest at high latitudes in regions with high biodiversity, whereas the relative outcomes were greater at low latitudes in highly modified landscapes. By evaluating community-wide responses to landscape modification and CRP restoration at bioregional scales, our study fills key information gaps for developing collaborative strategies, and balancing conservation of avian biodiversity and social well-being in agricultural production landscapes of the Great Plains.
Endometriomas and Assisted Reproductive Technology

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Endometriomas in the assisted reproductive technology patient present a challenging clinical scenario for the infertility specialist. Although surgical management is often pursued in cases of pain or large cyst diameter, patients without such factors must be counseled regarding surgical versus expectant management. Decisions to pursue surgery must be viewed in the context of potentially decreased ovarian reserve and more difficult stimulation for in vitro fertilization. In this article, three distinct cases are presented along with a summary of the most current literature available to guide clinicians in the optimal management of in vitro fertilization patients with endometriomas.
Galactic star formation and accretion histories from matching galaxies to dark matter haloes

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We present a new statistical method to determine the relationship between the stellar masses of galaxies and the masses of their host dark matter haloes over the entire cosmic history from z~4 to the present. This multi-epoch abundance matching (MEAM) model self-consistently takes into account that satellite galaxies first become satellites at times earlier than they are observed. We employ a redshift-dependent parameterization of the stellar-to-halo mass relation to populate haloes and subhaloes in the Millennium simulations with galaxies, requiring that the observed stellar mass functions at several redshifts be reproduced simultaneously. Using merger trees extracted from the dark matter simulations in combination with MEAM, we predict the average assembly histories of galaxies, separating into star formation within the galaxies (in-situ) and accretion of stars (ex-situ). The peak star formation efficiency decreases with redshift from 23% at z=0 to 9% at z=4 while the corresponding halo mass increases from 10^11.8M\odot to 10^12.5M\odot. The star formation rate of central galaxies peaks at a redshift which depends on halo mass; for massive haloes this peak is at early cosmic times while for low-mass galaxies the peak has not been reached yet. In haloes similar to that of the Milky-Way about half of the central stellar mass is assembled after z=0.7. In low-mass haloes, the accretion of satellites contributes little to the assembly of their central galaxies, while in massive haloes more than half of the central stellar mass is formed ex-situ with significant accretion of satellites at z<2. We find that our method implies a cosmic star formation history and an evolution of specific star formation rates which are consistent with those inferred directly. We present convenient fitting functions for stellar masses, star formation rates, and accretion rates as functions of halo mass and redshift.
Ca(OH)2 Apexification of Pulp Necroses of the Permanent Incisors in a Case of X-Linked Hypophosphataemic Ricketsâthe 60-Month Check-Up

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

X-linked hypophosphataemic rickets is a hereditary metabolic disorder. The dental features include abscesses and swelling without caries or trauma. We present a case of familial hypophosphataemic rickets in an 11-year-old boy followed up for 60 months. We describe the treatment of multiple pulp necroses with apical periodontitis. Multiple pulp necroses with apical periodontitis were diagnosed in the anterior teeth. Ca(OH)2 apexification was performed; healing was evident over the next 60 months. The incisors, canines, and premolars exhibited shortened roots. To prevent pulp necrosis, regular check-ups included applications of fissure sealant and fluoride, vital testing, and radiography. The canines and premolar pulps retained vitality. Ca(OH)2 apexification followed by preventative follow-up was successful. The prognosis at the 60-month check-up was good.
Study of the effect of the size of the initial nickel powder on the structure formation of the mixture during mechanical activation of titanium and nickel

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The structure and morphology of the mechanoactivated powder mixture has significant impact on the process of further synthesis. In this paper, the influence of the sizes of the initial powders on the formation of the structure of the mechanoactivated powder mixture during mechanical activation and the formation of layered agglomerates in the powder mixture of titanium and nickel is studied. The evolution of the formation of the size and density of layered agglomerates with the participation of both small and large nickel powder after different times of mechanical activation is studied. The study showed that the mechanical activation process leads to the formation of layered agglomerates and an increase in activity, which is associated with an increase in the contact surface of dissimilar particles, the number of defects. It is established that the use of initial nickel of different dispersion contributes to the formation of different structure of mechanoactivated powder mixture.
Parameter estimation of S-shaped growth model: A modified particle swarm algorithm

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Parameter estimation plays a critical role for the application and development of S-shaped growth model in the agricultural sciences and others. In this paper, a modified particle swarm optimization algorithm based on the diffusion phenomenon (DPPSO) was employed to estimate the parameters for this model. Under the sense of least squares, the parameter estimation problem of S-shaped growth model, taking the Gompertz and Logistic models for example, is transformed into a multi-dimensional function optimization problem. The results show that the DPPSO algorithm can effectively estimate the parameters of the S-shaped growth model.
Discovery of TBX20 As a Novel Gene Underlying Atrial Fibrillation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Atrial fibrillation (AF), the most prevalent type of sustained cardiac dysrhythmia globally, confers strikingly enhanced risks for cognitive dysfunction, stroke, chronic cardiac failure, and sudden cardiovascular demise. Aggregating studies underscore the crucial roles of inherited determinants in the occurrence and perpetuation of AF. However, due to conspicuous genetic heterogeneity, the inherited defects accounting for AF remain largely indefinite. Here, via the whole-genome genotyping with genetic markers and linkage assay in a family suffering AF, a new AF-causative locus was located at human chromosome 7p14.2-p14.3, a ~4.89-cM (~4.43-Mb) interval between the markers D7S526 and D7S2250. Exome-wide sequencing assay unveiled that at the defined locus, solely the mutation in the TBX20 gene, NM_001077653.2: c.695A&amp;gt;G; p.(His232Arg), co-segregated with AF in the family. Additionally, Sanger sequencing assay of TBX20 in another family suffering AF uncovered a novel mutation, NM_001077653.2: c.862G&amp;gt;C; p.(Asp288His). Neither of the two mutations was observed in 600 unrelated control individuals. Functional investigations demonstrated that the two mutations both significantly reduced the transactivation of the target gene KCNH2 (a well-established AF-causing gene) and the ability to bind the promoter of KCNH2, while without effect on the nuclear distribution of TBX20. Conclusively, these findings reveal a new AF-causative locus at human chromosome 7p14.2-p14.3 and strongly indicate TBX20 as a novel AF-causative gene, shedding light on the mechanism underlying AF and suggesting clinical significance for allele-specific treatment of AF patients.
Gambling for resurrection and the heat equation on a triangle

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We consider the problem of controlling the diffusion coefficient of a diffusion with constant negative drift rate such that the probability of hitting a given lower barrier up to some finite time horizon is minimized. We assume that the diffusion rate can be chosen in a progressively measurable way with values in the interval [0, 1]. We prove that the value function is regular, concave in the space variable, and that it solves the associated HJB equation. To do so, we show that the heat equation on a right triangle, with a boundary condition that is discontinuous in the corner, possesses a smooth solution.
Helicobacter pylori infection induces hyperammonaemia in Mongolian gerbils with liver cirrhosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND AND AIMS We previously reported the effect of Helicobacter pylori eradication on hyperammonaemia in patients with liver cirrhosis. However, the role of H pylori as a cause of hyperammonaemia is controversial. We developed an animal model with liver cirrhosis and investigated the effect of H pylori infection on hyperammonaemia. MATERIALS AND METHODS Five week old male Mongolian gerbils were inoculated orally with broth culture of H pylori . Forty eight gerbils were divided into four groups. Gerbils not inoculated with H pylori were fed a commercial rodent diet (group A) or a choline deficient diet (group C). Gerbils inoculated with H pylori were fed the commercial rodent diet (group B) or the choline deficient diet (group D). Blood ammonia levels of the femoral vein and portal vein were measured 30 weeks later. RESULTS All gerbils fed the choline deficient diet developed liver cirrhosis with fatty metamorphosis. The survival rate of group D was significantly lower than that of the other groups. Systemic and portal blood ammonia levels in group D were significantly higher than those in the other groups. CONCLUSIONS H pylori infection induces hyperammonaemia in gerbils with liver cirrhosis.
DESIGN OF A SIMPLIFIED 3D-PRINTED ARTIFICIAL UNDERACTUATED HAND

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The recent interest in human-robot interaction requires the development of new gripping solutions, compared to those already available and widely used. One of the most advanced solutions in nature is that of the human hand, and several research contributions try to replicate its functionality. Technological advances in manufacturing technologies and design tools are opening possibilities in the design of new solutions. The paper reports the results of the design of an underactuated artificial robotic hand, designed by exploiting the benefits offered by additive manufacturing technologies.
31P MR spectroscopic imaging of the human prostate at 7 T: T1relaxation times, Nuclear Overhauser Effect, and spectral characterization

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Knowledge of T1 relaxation times and NOE enhancements enables protocol optimization for (31) P MRSI of the prostate at 7 T. With a strongly reduced (31) P flip angle (≤ 45°), a (31) P MRSI dataset with optimal signal-to-noise ratio per unit time can be obtained within 15 minutes. The NOE enhancement can improve fitting accuracy, but its variability requires further investigation.
Crustal Structure and Stratigraphy of Continental Margin Off Northeastern United States: ABSTRACT

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Geophysical studies and deep drill-hole data define the major structural elements and seismic stratigraphy for the U.S. Atlantic margin north of Cape Hatteras. Two basins, the Baltimore Canyon Trough (BCT) and Georges Bank Basin (GBB), and three adjacent platforms (the Long Island, Carolina, and La Have platforms) were formed during rifting of Africa from North America in the Early Jurassic. Postrift sediments, that is, those deposited after sea-floor spreading began, can commonly be distinguished from prerift and synrift sediments by a conspicuous breakup unconformity. Postrift sediments are as thick as 7 km in GBB and 13 km in the BCT. Prerift and synrift sediments within grabens are 5 to 9 km thick and are characterized by tilted reflection sequences and diffractions The East Coast magnetic anomaly (ECMA) marks the landward edge of oceanic crust and a distinctive hinge zone in crystalline basement separates the continental platforms from the major basins. This hinge zone is mirrored by an abrupt shallowing seaward in the depth to the Moho; a further shoaling in depth to Moho also coincides with the ECMA. The rift-stage crust underlying the marginal basins is 12 km thick in BCT and 25 km thick in GBB. The synrift sequence includes red beds and evaporites (including salt); the postrift sequence grades upward from massive Jurassic dolomites, limestones, and anhydrites into shale and clastic facies of Cretaceous and Tertiary age. Approximately 70% of the postrift sediment was deposited in the Jurassic during a period of rapid thermal subsidence and sediment loading. End_of_Article - Last_Page 1670------------