jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Geographies of space design

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Urbanists have long held an interest in the design of spaces, objects and environments as metaphorical expression of capitalist power. The processes of urbanization that build and tear up the capitalist city have often been treated as power-saturated, particularly by critical geographers and sociologists, and as result the discourses and visual imagery that emerge in the of the built environment have often been interpreted as spatial inscriptions of social conflict (Merrifield 1993: 1281). Consequently, there has been strong suspicion - certainly among Marxian scholars - of the work of various intermediary agents involved in the of urban space. Henri Lefebvre, for example, famously draws attention to the importance of representation of in such processes, a space envisioned and conceived by assorted professionals and technocrats: planners, engineers, developers, architects, urbanists, geographers, and others of scientific bent (Merrifield 2002: 89; Lefebvre 1991). Sharon Zukin, in Landscapes of Power (1991), argued that: While most people want to enjoy the pleasures of fine buildings, good stores, and beautiful urban spaces, the practices that create them make the city more abstract, more dependent on international capital flows, and more responsive to the organization of consumption that the organization of production (p.54). This themed issue is located within such tradition and stems from session at the 2008 Association of American Geographers Annual Conference in Boston. The aim is to use the papers included in the issue to examine in more detail the multiple actors, networks, spaces and logics involved in urbanised design processes.
Regional macroseismic field and intensity residuals of the August 24, 2016, Mw=6.0 central Italy earthquake

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

A macroseismic investigation of the August 24, 2016, Mw=6.0 Central Italy earthquake, was carried out through an online web survey. Data were collected through a macroseismic questionnaire available at the website www.haisentitoilterremoto.it, managed by the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV). Over 12000 questionnaires were compiled soon after the seismic occurrence, coming from over 2600 municipalities. A statistical analysis was applied to the data collected in order to investigate the spatial distribution of intensity of the earthquake. The macroseismic intensity field (I) was described by identifying three main components: an isotropic component (II), a regional anisotropic component (IA) and a local random variations parameter (). The anisotropic component highlighted specific and well-defined geographical areas of amplification and attenuation. In general, the area between the Adriatic coast and Apennines Chain was characterized by an amplification of intensity, while the West side of the Apennines showed attenuation, in agreement with the domains found by other works focused on the analysis of instrumental data. Moreover, the regional macroseismic field showed similarities with instrumental PGA data. The results of our analysis confirm the reliability of web questionnaire data.
Association of MMP but not TIMP‐1 gene polymorphisms with recurrent aphthous stomatitis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives Recurrent aphthous stomatitis ( RAS ) is a common oral inflammatory disease induced by genetic and environmental factors. Gelatinases ( MMP ‐2 and MMP ‐9) and their natural inhibitor TIMP ‐1 are active players in the inflammatory process. We aimed to determine whether inheritance of specific MMP ‐2, MMP ‐9, or TIMP ‐1 gene polymorphisms is associated with RAS susceptibility. Subjects and methods Ninety‐six RAS patients and 153 healthy controls were studied. Five polymorphisms were genotyped: rs17576, rs3918242, and rs11697325 in MMP ‐9, MMP ‐2 rs2285053, and TIMP ‐1 rs6609533. Association was assessed by logistic regression analysis after adjustment for confounding factors. Linkage disequilibrium ( LD ) was assessed using the Haploview program. Results MMP ‐9 rs11697325 was significantly associated with RAS , with an increase in the AA genotype in patients, determined using χ 2 analysis ( OR = 2.3, P = 0.006) and adjusted regression analysis ( OR = 3.1, P = 0.009). MMP ‐9 rs11697325 and rs17576 showed strong LD ( D ' = 0.95), with an increase in the AA haplotype ( P = 0.023) and a decrease in the GA haplotype ( P = 0.015) in patients. Conclusions This is the first study to investigate the association of MMP s or TIMP ‐1 with RAS . We found a significant association between MMP ‐9 rs11697325 polymorphisms and RAS . Confirmatory studies in other populations and functional investigations are needed to determine the role of these genes in RAS .
Cephalometric comparisons of individuals from India and Mexico with unoperated cleft lip and palate.

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

The purpose of the study is to determine whether the presence of unoperated clefts of the lip and alveolus or cleft lip and palate have similar effects on the dentofacial relationships of individuals with different racial backgrounds. Nineteen individuals from India and eighteen from Mexico with either unoperated unilateral cleft lip and alveolus or unilateral cleft lip and palate were examined cephalometrically and compared to matched normal individuals. The first step in the data analysis was to compare the normal subjects in the Indian and Mexican samples. Because many statistically significant differences were found between the normal groups, each measure for each patient with a cleft was expressed as a percentage of the mean value for the matched normal group. These relative values for the different measures were then entered into analyses of variance to compare the Indian and Mexican groups with clefts. Subgroups with cleft lip and alveolus were analyzed separately from subgroups with cleft lip and palate. Few group comparisons based on the relative measures were statistically significant, thus suggesting that there was a great similarity in the dentofacial relationships of unoperated individuals with the same cleft type. If the present results are further substantiated by future studies, these findings should enable investigators to pool data on unoperated individuals from various sources. Such an approach can lead to a better understanding of the differences between the various cleft types while eliminating the masking effect of surgical or orthodontic treatment.
Optimization Design of Permanent Magnet Mechanism Based on 6 Sigma Design Method

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

With the development of DC grid technology, the application of hybrid DC switches is more and more extensive, and the reliability and life requirements of hybrid DC contactors are also increasing. As the core unit of hybrid DC contactor, mechanical switch is optimized to improve the reliability and life of the switch. In this paper, based on the 6 Sigma design method, the optimization design of the monostable permanent magnet mechanism is studied. The structural parameters were optimized with the closing force as the objective function, and the significant factors and non-significant factors were analyzed. The best factor level combination was selected to reduce the fluctuation of quality characteristics to improve the reliability of the switch and make the tolerance design reach the level of 6 Sigma. This method combines parameter optimization with reliability design and has great practical value. Finally, the experimental platform was built to verify the mechanical characteristics of the mechanical switch prototype. The experimental results verified that the opening and closing characteristics meet the design requirements.
Cerebrospinal fluid immunoglobulin quotients, kappa/lambda ratios, and viral antibody titres in neurological disease.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A description has been given of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) immunoglobulins in 355 patients with demyelinating, infectious, neuropathic, and other neurological disorders. An increase in the CSF IgG/albumin quotient was observed in 19/36 (53%) cases of definite multiple sclerosis (MS), in 13/47 (28%) cases of probable or possible MS, in 6/9 (67%) cases of proven herpes simplex viral encephalitis (HSVE), in 3/4 (75%) cases of neurosyphilis, in 1/1 case of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE), in 2/9 )22%) cases of other central nervous system infections, and in 2/12 (17%) cases of polyneuritis when compared with a group of 236 patients having other neurological disorders. In constrast, a relative increase in the CSF IgA of IgM was seen only in some of the patients with central nervous system infections. It was also found that the quotient CSF/serum IgG, expressed as a percentage of the CSF/serum albumin, was better in distinguishing patients with definite or suspected MS from those with other neurological disorders than the quotients IgG/albumin or IgG/total protein. The CSF K/lambda ratio and the CSF and serum complement-fixing antibody titre to measles and herpes simplex virus were measured in many of the patients. In general, abnormalities of these measurements were associated with raised IgG/albumin quotients. However, in eight patients with definite or suspected MS, a normal IgG/albumin quotient was found with abnormal CSF K/lambda ratios (6 cases) or abnormal CSF titres of measles antibody (7 cases). In addition, two patients, with HSVE had normal IgG/albumin ratios but detectable herpes antibody in the CSF. These findings suggest that the measurement of the relative concentration of CSF immunoglobulin in combination with the K/lambda ratio and antibody titre to various viruses may supplement each other in the endeavour to detect central nervous system immunglobulin sysnthesis in neurological diseases.
Irradiation Effects in Iron Whisker

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

An investigation was carried out on the formation and recovery of radiation defects of iron whiskers irradiated by Rikkyo University reactor (TRIGA 11 type) and Kyoto University Reactor (KUR).Iron whiskers produced by hydrogen reduction of liquid iron halide salt were irradiated to a fission neutron dose of-1016 n/cmm2 (>1.28 MeV) at 19±1°K and the electrical resistivity changes (Δρ) were measured during irradiation.It was shown that Δρ was proportional to neutron dose (φt) in the present dose range, and the defect formation velocity (i. e. dΔρ/dφt) varied with direction of neutron incidence.On the basis of the present study it is suggested that the direction dependence of (dΔρ/dφt) is due to that of threshold energy.On the other hand some whiskers have been isochronally annealed after irradiation and mechanical properties, for instance upper yield stress, were measured using an Instron type tensil machine at -196°C.Annealing after neutron irradiation was found to cause a softening effect on iron whiskers; the upper yield stress remained unchanged on annealing temperature up to 330°C and then recovered steadily until it returned to the unirradiated value at 500°C.It is presumed that softening of iron whiskers is attributed to aggregation of point defects such as dislocation loops.
A finite element model for biofilm volume growth

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract In this work, we present a continuum‐based approach for biofilm volume growth. The deformation gradient will be multiplicatively decomposed into two parts: a growth part due to bacteria formation and an elastic part due to the interaction with the environment. In order to define the growth behaviour of biofilms, we use the Monod approach that depends non‐linearly on the substrate concentration. The substrate concentration in the biofilm is computed by means of a diffusion process, which includes substrate consumption, together with the mechanical behaviour as part of a coupled problem. (© 2011 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Incorporating Change Management Within Dynamic Requirements-Based Model-Driven Agent Development

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Agent-oriented technology is arguably one of the most substantial advances in software development. Several platforms and architectures have been developed to deal with its conception and the advantages that it entails. Of these architectures, the belief-desire-intention architecture is amongst the most prominent. This architecture utilizes a series of beliefs known to the agent in order to fulfil its desires given its intentions. Regardless of the agent platform or architecture, however, they all share the common trait of complexity. In sight of this, an increasing amount of research has been done in relation to model-driven approaches to their development. One such model-driven approach is the dynamic non-functional requirements-based approach. This approach utilizes a series of non-functional requirements to control the agents decision-making process, using the extended non-functional requirements framework as its underlying model. This paper presents the inclusion of a unique change management system through out this model-driven approach. This system is capable of categorizing changes, assigning them priorities based on various dynamics and determining their optimal incorporation time. To our knowledge, this is the first time that a change management model has been used in relation to model-driven agent creation. This approach is verified using a randomized empirical-based evaluation.
Academician Alexander Nikolaevich Bakulev (1890–1967) (on the 130th anniversary of the birthday)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The article is devoted to academician of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences A. N. Bakulev-the founder of cardiovascular surgery in the USSR and the first director of the Research Institute of thoracic surgery (since 1961, cardiovascular surgery), who made a significant contribution to the development of issue of stomach and esophageal cancer, x-ray contrast diagnostics and puncture treatment of brain abscesses, ways of treatment of bullet wounds of the skull, spine, brain.
Acute and Chronic Effects of Vasopressin in Rats with Lithium‐polyuria

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract The acute and chronic effects of vasopressin were studied in rats with polyuria due to long‐term administration of lithium. In anaesthetized, water‐loaded animals, lithium pretreatment producing severe polyuria inhibited the response to physiological doses of arginine vasopressin by 95 % as compared with the response in non‐treated rats with polydipsia induced by glucose drinking. The per cent inhibition of vasopressin response was somewhat reduced by increasing the dose of the hormone. There was no difference in osmolality of renal medullary tissue from lithium‐polyuric and glucose‐polydipsic rats when determined at the end of the experiments. Daily subcutaneous injections of 7.5 U/kg vasopressin (pitressin tannate oil suspension) to conscious animals, kept in metabolic cages, caused a significant antidiuretic response in rats with severe lithium‐polyuria (i.e. urine flow >50% of body weight daily and U osm <200 mosmol/kg) and almost completely reversed the urine flow in animals with partial concentration defect. The results are compatible with the view that lithium‐polyuria in rats is due to impairment of the renal response to vasopressin. Being virtually unresponsive to physiological doses of vasopressin, however, the polyuria can be partly reversed by increasing the level of circulating hormone.
Supplementation of Facial Fat Grafting to Increase Volume Retention: A Systematic Review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background For decades, facial fat grafting has been used in clinical practice for volume restoration. The main challenge of this technique is variable volume retention. The addition of supplements to augment fat grafts and increase volume retention has been reported in recent years. Objectives The aim of this systematic review was to investigate which supplements increase volume retention in facial fat grafting as assessed by volumetric outcomes and patient satisfaction. Methods Embase, Medline, Ovid, Web of Science Core Collection, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Google Scholar were searched up to November 30, 2020. Only studies assessing volume after facial fat grafting with supplementation in human subjects were included. Outcomes of interest were volume or patient satisfaction. The quality of the studies was assessed with the Effective Public Health Practice Project tool. Results After duplicates were removed 3724 studies were screened by title and abstract. After reading 95 full-text articles, 27 studies were eligible and included for comparison. Supplementation comprised of platelet-rich plasma, platelet-rich fibrin, adipose tissue–derived stromal cells or bone marrow–derived stromal cells, cellular or tissue stromal vascular fraction, or nanofat. In 13 out of 22 studies the supplemented group showed improved volumetric retention and 5 out of 16 studies showed greater satisfaction. The scientific quality of the studies was rated as weak for 20 of 27 studies, moderate for 6 of 27 studies, and strong for 1 study. Conclusions It remains unclear if additives contribute to facial fat graft retention and there is a need to standardize methodology. Level of Evidence: 4
On the Specific Identity of Buteo Brachyurus and Buteo Fuliginosus, with Additional Records of Their Occurrence in Florida

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Scorr oxButeo brachyurus.243 panies as they move along.Often, in the early spring, I hear on soft mild evenings, faint bird calls from the sky, which are answered from bush and tree, and these, in my opinion, are the trumpeters who call together the winged armies of the air.
P wave attenuation structure by spectral inversion of seismic waveforms

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

We introduce the 3-D attenuation tomographic approach that combines the frequency-domain inversions scheme consisting of a set of sub-inversions and the site effect estimation scheme based on the residual spectra. We apply it to data observed at the Japanese Islands to estimate three-dimensional P wave attenuation structure beneath the Japanese islands. The results show that the Qp-1 distribution is highly variable over the entire Japanese Islands, with the spatial wavelength of 2-3 degrees. This heterogeneous material property of the underground structure may be related to a tectonic state beneath the Japanese Islands.
An Investigation Into the Use of Yoga in Recreational Therapy Practice

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Yoga is used in health care with a variety of populations, but limited knowledge exists regarding the details of how yoga is implemented in recreational therapy (RT) practice. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore how yoga is implemented in RT practice. As part of a nation-wide survey and through the use of individual interviews, this secondary analysis investigated how yoga is being used in RT practice across the United States. Sixteen recreational therapists completed both a nation-wide online survey and semi-structured interviews. Quantitative results describe the populations in which yoga is being used in RT practice, as well as the characteristics of recreational therapists who also are employing yoga in their RT practice. Then, conventional and summative content analysis identified four categories related to yoga in RT practice: recreational therapists’ practices, treatment planning, outcomes, and yoga intervention. The findings revealed that yoga is implemented with a variety of populations as part of RT practice. Yoga should be implemented by recreational therapists who are trained to teach yoga or provide population-specific yoga sessions to meet specific patient needs. Limitations of the study and implications are discussed.
Ribosome Finally Begins to Yield Its Complete Structure

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

PHYSICSA conglomerate of some 54 different proteins and three RNAs, the ribosome--the cell's protein factory--lacks the symmetry and repetitions that have eased the way to solving the structures of bigger entities, such as viruses. Now, in work reported in the 26 August issue of Nature , two research teams have independently worked out the structure of the two distinct subunits--known as 30S and 50S--that form a complete ribosome. At a resolution of about 5 angstroms, the images are still too fuzzy for atomic detail, but they show the overall arrangement of the proteins with respect to the RNAs--enough detail that researchers consider this a milestone for ribosome studies.
3D models of the forearm's Interosseous membrane

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

DATA CONTENT This dataset corresponds to the 3D models generated through Micro-CT and standard CT of 5 cadaveric forearms. Each Folder contains the following subfolders: Bones: containing radius and ulna 3D STL models Insertion_Points : containing radial and ulnar attachment of the individual ligaments of the IOM IOM: contains the STL of the entire interosseous membrane We kindly ask to cite our work in case of usage of any of the presented models. You may contact the corresponding author if you wish more information about the data or if you consider some details are missing.
© The Balgrist 2019.
Any redistribution or reproduction of part or all of the contents in any form is prohibited other than the following: • you may use the data as a part of a research project, providing you cite our institution and publication
• you may print or download to a local hard disk extracts for your personal and non-commercial use only
• you may copy the content to individual third parties for their personal use, but only if you acknowledge the authors as the source of the material You may not, except with our express written permission, distribute or commercially exploit the content. Nor may you transmit it or store it in any other website or other form of electronic retrieval system.
Fabio Carrillo
ETH Zürich
University Hospital Balgrist
fabio.carrillo@balgrist.ch
Love-Hate Relations: Bathsheba, Hardy and the Men in Far from the Madding Crowd

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Le traitement de B. donne a Hardy l'occasion de dramatiser une certaine tradition critique des femmes. Ambivalence de H. envers B.: il exemplifie et transcende le stereotype misogyne. Les tableaux vivants. Oak et le stereotype misogyne. La denonciation puritaine de B. Les reactions masculines aux femmes.
Play Context, Commitment, and Dating Violence

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This study develops a structural equation model to describe the effect of two groups of factors (type of commitment and play context) on the violence experienced during intimate partner conflict. After contrasting the model in adolescents and university students, we have confirmed that aggressive play and the simulation of jealousy and anger increase the risk of dating victimization during conflicts through the negative reactions that they cause. Where commitment is concerned, the results are different according to whether commitment is personal or constraining. The former provides protection against dating victimization, reducing risk in the play context, whereas the latter has no effect on the violence experienced but facilitates a more dangerous play dynamic. The model can be applied in the design of programs to prevent dating violence.