jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Specimen deaccessions from the Missouri Botanical Garden Herbarium during the tenure of Robert E. Woodson (1948‐1963)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Summary Solomon, J. C: Specimen deaccessions from the Missouri Botanical Garden Herbarium during the tenure of Robert E. Woodson (1948‐1963). – Taxon 47: 663‐680. 1998. – ISSN 0040‐0262. During the period 1948‐1963, a minimum of 127, 108 mounted herbarium specimens were deaccessioned from the Missouri Botanical Garden Herbarium under the direction of Robert E. Woodson and distributed by exchange or sale to at least 48 botanical institutions throughout the world. Some of these specimens were true duplicates, but many, including some types, were not. In addition, an unknown quantity of specimens, numbering perhaps in the tens of thousands, was discarded. A summary of the number of specimens deaccessioned, the nature of the material sent, and the recipient institutions is presented. An account is also given of the 63,853 specimens that have been returned to the Garden and reincorporated into the collection.
A comparative assessment of machine learning algorithms in the IoT-based network intrusion detection systems

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The rapid increase in online risks is a reflection of the exponential growth of Internet of Things (IoT) networks. Researchers have proposed numerous intrusion detection techniques to mitigate the harm caused by these threats. Enterprises use intrusion detection systems (IDSs) and intrusion prevention systems (IPSs) to keep their networks safe, stable, and accessible. Network intrusion detection solutions have lately integrated powerful Machine Learning (ML) techniques to safeguard IoT networks. Selecting the proper data features for effectively training such ML models is critical to maximizing detection accuracy and computational efficiency. However, the efficiency of these systems degrades in high-dimensional data spaces, and it is crucial to have a suitable feature extraction method to eliminate extraneous data from the classification procedure. The detection accuracy and false positive rate of many ML-based IDSs also rise when the samples used to train the models are unbalanced. This study provides a detailed overview of the UNSW-NB15(DS-1) and NF-UNSWNB15(DS-2) datasets for intrusion detection, which will be utilized to develop and evaluate our models. In addition, this model uses the MaxAbsScaler algorithm to implement a filter-based feature scaling strategy . Then, use the condensed feature set to perform several ML techniques, including Support Vector Machines (SVM), K-nearest neighbors (KNN), Logistic Regression (LR), Naive Bayes (NB), Decision Tree (DT), and Random Forest (RF), considering multiclass classification. Accuracy tests for the multiclass classification scheme were improved from 60% to 94% using the MaxAbsScaler-based feature scaling method.
New Year, New Volume, New Cover, Same High-Quality Relevant Research

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Happy New Year! This new year, the Cardiopulmonary Physical Therapy Journal brings a new cover that reflects our commitment to the APTA Academy of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Physical Therapy. In addition, and as newly confirmed Editor in Chief for the Journal, I will be working in several new initiatives that the Journal will be moving forward in 2022. Our lives and professional endeavors were highly affected in the past 2 years because of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, we were resilient and resourceful, enhancing our professional behaviors. We created important knowledge to learn how to treat our patients and teach our future colleagues safely and effectively. Now that it seems that the pandemic is in the rear mirror, we will have time to focus on other challenges that we have moving forward. In this issue, we are proud to present you several perspectives of our cardiovascular and pulmonary physical therapy field. First, Todd Davenport's group1 offer an important perspective on the world environmental crisis and how it affects human health. This topic, which is not a new challenge but might have been hidden behind the COVID-19 pandemic for 2 years, has been brought back to the attention of the biomedical research community by publishing a climate emergency editorial in more than 100 biomedical journals around the world, including the APTA's flagship journal Physical Therapy & Rehabilitation Journal.2 Second, Konrad Dias et al3 shared their clinical perspective on clinical practice guidelines for patients with heart failure, a very relevant topic for most of our readers. Finally, 4 research reports are included in this issue. Rachel Pata et al4 surveyed factors that can affect pulmonary rehabilitation. Rebecca Byrd et al5 are reporting on their retrospective study on early rehabilitation in lung transplantation and outcome predictors. In an applied physiology study, Konrad Diaz et al6 are reporting the differences in blood pressure and workload intensity during arm and leg ergometry in young, healthy individuals. Finally, and continuing with our commitment to help our readers understanding COVID-19, Chris Evans' group7 investigate prone positioning effectiveness in patients hospitalized with COVID-19. Most of these articles have been already published ahead-of-print online in our website for early access to our readers. As you can see, there are a lot of new topics and challenges with this new year. However, the Cardiopulmonary Physical Therapy Journal is committed to maintain the high-quality and relevant research our readers want.
Social Media and Politics: How Candidates Used Facebook in 2020 Kimanis By-Election

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article explores the ways politicians used Facebook as part of their political campaigns based on postings of Mohamad Alamin and Karim Bujang who contested in the Kimanis 2020 by-election. Throughout the two-week campaigning period from 4 to 17 January 2020, a total of 22 postings related to Kimanis were made by both candidates on their respective pages, evidence that the platform was used as part of their campaigning tools. However, both candidates used the platform differently and the difference is attributed to their familiarity (or lack of) with the platform’s various social buttons. In his usage of these affordances, Mohamad had created an online trail that linked him to prominent politicians who were campaigning for him. These politicians generated 43 Kimanis-related postings on their respective pages. On the other hand, as Karim did not utilize these buttons, there was no online trail that linked him to other politicians in his camp. As for the nature of the postings, both candidates did not use Facebook to raise issues of concern to the voters. Rather, it was utilized to document their offline campaign activities. However, Mohamad certainly benefitted from his online network as the influential politicians generated contents that were important to the voters. This study shows that despite the incorporation of Facebook in the candidates’ political campaigns, it is not fully utilized for active political conversations. Additionally, a familiarity with the social affordances of Facebook could be strategically used to create a more impactful online campaign.
Change of CD4~+CD25~+ Regulatory T Cells in Patients with Gastric Cancer before and after Operation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To investigate the levels of regulatory T cells(Treg) and FoxP3 gene in patients with gastric cancer before and after operation.Methods Twenty patients with definite diagnosis of gastric cancer and 15 healthy volunteers were selected.The levels of Treg and T cell subsets in peripheral blood were determined by detecting of CD4 and CD25 with immune-fluorescence stain and flow cytometry,the expressions of FoxP3 mRNA in these Treg were detected by RT-PCR technique.The expression of FoxP3 protein in the gastric cancer tissue was measured by immunohistochemistry assay.Results The percentage of Treg cells in total CD4+ T isolated from the patients with gastric cancer was higher than that of healthy volunteers((19.39±5.58)% versus(9.91±3.23)%,P0.01),and it markedly decreased after operation((13.50±5.93)% versus(19.39±5.58)%,P0.05).The FoxP3 mRNA expression in the patients with gastric cancer was also higher than that of healthy volunteers(0.86±0.03 versus 0.64±0.02,P0.01),and decreased after operation(0.73±0.04 versus 0.86±0.03,P0.05).The percentage of CD4+T cell in mononucleocytes of peripheral blood of patients with gastric cancer was significantly lower than that of healthy volunteers(P0.01),but the difference was not significant between before and after operation.FoxP3 protein expressed in cytoplasm of 13 patients with gastric cancer,in which strongly positive in 2 cases,middle positive in 6 cases,weakly positive in 5 cases.FoxP3 protein didn't express in cytoplasm of 7 patients with gastric cancer.Conclusions Treg may have a significant effect on the onset and development of gastric cancer through immunosuppressive effect.Tumor tissue is an important initiating agent on Treg proliferation.
Human kinetochores are swivel joints that mediate microtubule attachments

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Chromosome segregation is a mechanical process that requires assembly of the mitotic spindle – a dynamic microtubule-based force-generating machine. Connections to this spindle are mediated by sister kinetochore pairs, that form dynamic end-on attachments to microtubules emanating from opposite spindle poles. This bi-orientation generates forces that have been reported to stretch the kinetochore itself, which has been suggested to stabilise attachment and silence the spindle checkpoint. We reveal using three dimensional tracking that the outer kinetochore domain can swivel around the inner kinetochore/centromere, which results in large reductions in intra-kinetochore distance (delta) when viewed in lower dimensions. We show that swivel provides a mechanical flexibility that enables kinetochores at the periphery of the spindle to engage microtubules. Swivel reduces as cells approach anaphase, suggesting an organisational change linked to checkpoint satisfaction and/or obligatory changes in kinetochore mechanochemistry may occur before dissolution of sister chromatid cohesion.
Sebastian Cöllen, review of J. M. van der Laan und Andrew Weeks (Hrsg.):The Faustian Century. German Literature and Culture in the Age of Luther and Faustus(Studies in German Literature, Linguistics, and Culture). Rochester, NY: Camden House, 2013. ISBN978-1-57113-552-0.XII + 399S

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Faust ist ein moderner Mythos. Die Geschichte vom Doktor der Theologie, der im Austausch gegen Wissen oder Macht seine Seele dem Teufel verspricht, wurde mit der „Tragodie“ Goethes zur deutschen Na...
PERENCANAAN PENGENDALIAN PERSEDIAAN BAHAN BAKU OBAT CIMAFORTDl PT. IMEDCO JAYA PHARMACEUTICAL

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The general objective of this study was (1) to analize management inventory acontrol of medicine raw material at PT. lmedco Jaya Pharmaceutical (2) to determine alternative inventory control. of raw material (3) Formulating improvement suggestion in management inventory control of medicine raw material. several alternative inventory control was proposed to determine the ootimum level of inventorv of raw material which propoer to the production level n'eeds. This thesis used of sizing approach of economic order quantity method and lot for lot method. By using these methods inventory cost of raw material was expected in the minimum level which proper to the production level needs. The result of this study showed that economic order quantity method and lot for lot method can be used to minimize inventory cost of medicine raw material of Cimafort
The incidence of secondary vertebral fracture of vertebral augmentation techniques versus conservative treatment for painful osteoporotic vertebral fractures: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background Percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) and balloon kyphoplasty (BKP) are minimally invasive and effective vertebral augmentation techniques for managing osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCFs). Recent meta-analyses have compared the incidence of secondary vertebral fractures between patients treated with vertebral augmentation techniques or conservative treatment; however, the inclusions were not thorough and rigorous enough, and the effects of each technique on the incidence of secondary vertebral fractures remain unclear. Purpose To perform an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of the studies with more rigorous inclusion criteria on the effects of vertebral augmentation techniques and conservative treatment for OVCF on the incidence of secondary vertebral fractures. Material and Methods PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, SpringerLink, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library database were searched for relevant original articles comparing the incidence of secondary vertebral fractures between vertebral augmentation techniques and conservative treatment for patients with OVCFs. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and prospective non-randomized controlled trials (NRCTs) were identified. The methodological qualities of the studies were evaluated, relevant data were extracted and recorded, and an appropriate meta-analysis was conducted. Results A total of 13 articles were included. The pooled results from included studies showed no statistically significant differences in the incidence of secondary vertebral fractures between patients treated with vertebral augmentation techniques and conservative treatment. Subgroup analysis comparing different study designs, durations of symptoms, follow-up times, races of patients, and techniques were conducted, and no significant differences in the incidence of secondary fractures were identified ( P > 0.05). No obvious publication bias was detected by either Begg’s test ( P = 0.360 > 0.05) or Egger’s test ( P = 0.373 > 0.05). Conclusion Despite current thinking in the field that vertebral augmentation procedures may increase the incidence of secondary fractures, we found no differences in the incidence of secondary fractures between vertebral augmentation techniques and conservative treatment for patients with OVCFs.
Enhanced Dissipation of Selected Herbicides in a Simulated Organic Matrix Biobed: A System to Control On‐Farm Point‐Source Pollution

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Most farms have a centralized location to fill spray tanks with pesticides and to flush and clean application equipment. These sites, depending on the frequency of use, could be significant sources of surface and groundwater contamination. One approach to minimize this contamination is to install a treatment system, such as a biobed. This study sought to construct a biobed and test the effects of different biomix materials in enhancing the dissipation of herbicides widely used in crop production. The four types of biomix evaluated had mixing ratios by volume of (1) 12.5% straw:62.5% soil:25% peat, (2) 25% straw:50% soil:25% peat, (3) 12.5% straw:62.5% soil:25% compost, and (4) 25% straw:50% soil:25% compost. The dissipation rates of acetochlor, atrazine, pendimethalin, and trifluralin at different incubation times over 90 d were evaluated. The dissipation of atrazine and pendimethalin in the biomixes were faster than in soil. The half‐lives for atrazine were 27.8 d in soil and 14.3 to 20.2 d in the biomixes and those of pendimethalin were 25.5 d in soil and 11.9 to 14.8 d in the biomixes. The dissipation rates and half‐lives of acetochlor were similar to those in soil; the trifluralin dissipation rates were slower in the biomixes. The phenol oxidase activity was higher in the peat biomixes than in those containing compost. The results showed that biobed materials, especially those with peat, are effective in degrading selected herbicides. Core Ideas Biobed material composition and ratio were evaluated. The dissipation rates of atrazine and pendimethalin were enhanced in biomixes. Phenol oxidase was higher in peat biomixes than in compost. A mobile, low‐cost system was designed to capture contamination on‐farm.
Influence Of The Consciousness Energy Healing Treatment On The Physicochemical, Spectral, Thermal And Behavioral Properties Of Sodium Selenate

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Sodium selenate is an important nutraceutical/pharmaceutical compound used for the prevention and treatment of cancer, diabetes, inflammatory diseases, etc. The objective of the current study was to investigate the impact of The Trivedi Effect® - Energy of Consciousness Healing Treatment (Biofield Energy Healing treatment) on physical, structural, thermal, and behavioral properties of sodium selenate using PXRD, PSD, FT-IR, UV-vis, TGA, and DSC analysis. Sodium selenate was divided into two parts – one part was control, while another part was treated with The Trivedi Effect® remotely by seven renowned Biofield Energy Healers and defined as The Trivedi Effect® Treated sample. The PXRD analysis showed a significant alteration of the crystallite size of the treated sample in the range of -34.41% to 33.27% compared to the control sample. However, the average crystallite size of the treated sample was significantly decreased by 7.85% compared with the control sample. The particle size of the treated sample at d10, d50, and d90 values were significantly reduced by 4.72%, 8.40%, and 32.33%, respectively compared with the control sample. Consequently, the surface area of the treated sample was significantly increased by 6.25% compared to the control sample. The control and treated FT-IR spectra indicated the presence of sharp and strong absorption bands at 886 cm-1 and 887 cm-1, respectively due to the Se=O stretching. The UV-vis spectroscopic analysis displayed that the wavelength for the maximum absorbance of the control and treated samples were at 204.6 and 204.9 nm, respectively. TGA analysis revealed that the total weight loss of the treated sample was reduced significantly by 5.64% compared with the control sample. The DSC analysis showed that the treated sample (94.63°C) had very close vaporization temperature than the control sample (94.97°C). But, the latent heat of vaporization was increased significantly in the treated sample by 7.06% compared to the control sample. Thus, The Trivedi Effect® - Energy of Consciousness Healing Treatment might lead to generate a new polymorphic form of sodium selenate, which would be more soluble, bioavailable, and thermally stable compared with the untreated sample. The Trivedi Effect® treated sodium selenate would be very useful to design better nutraceutical/pharmaceutical formulations that might offer better therapeutic response against inflammatory diseases, immunological disorders, stress, aging, infectious diseases, cancer, diabetes, heart diseases, Alzheimer’s disease, etc.
METHODOLOGY FOR THE OPERATIONAL ANALYSIS OF URBAN ARTERIES

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper deals with an operational analysis of urban arteries in part of the central area of the city of Rosario, Argentina. The evaluation of the quality of service that an urban artery offers can be carried out according to the following criteria: 1) a general analysis of all the area under study; 2) census review of the traffic demand to determine hourly volumes, critical hour factor, load index, and composition of the traffic; 3) changing the values of the demand (which were obtained under prevailing conditions of road and traffic) to basic flow conditions, expressed in terms of vehicle/time green light; 4) calculation of the values for the same basic conditions of all the critical elements of capacity; and 5) evaluation of the quality of general service with which the artery under study operates. (Author)
Therapeutic effect of c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase inhibition on pancreatic cancer

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase ( JNK ) is a member of the mitogen‐activated protein kinase ( MAPK ) family, and it is reportedly involved in the development of several cancers. However, the role of JNK in pancreatic cancer has not been elucidated. We assessed t he involvement of JNK in the development of pancreatic cancer and investigated the therapeutic effect of JNK inhibitors on this deadly cancer. Small interfering RNA s against JNK or the JNK inhibitor SP 600125 were used to examine the role of JNK in cellular proliferation and the cell cycles of pancreatic cancer cell lines. Ptf1a cre/ + ; LSL ‐Kras G12D/ + ;Tgfbr2 flox/flox mice were treated with the JNK inhibitor to examine pancreatic histology and survival. The effect of JNK inhibition on tumor angiogenesis was also assessed using cell lines and murine pancreatic cancer specimens. JNK was frequently activated in human and murine pancreatic cancer in vitro and in vivo . Growth of human pancreatic cancer cell lines was suppressed by JNK inhibition through G1 arrest in the cell cycle with decreased cyclin D1 expression. In addition, oncogenic K‐ras expression led to activation of JNK in pancreatic cancer cell lines. Treatment of Ptf1a cre/ + ; LSL ‐Kras G12D/ + ;Tgfbr2 flox/flox mice with the JNK inhibitor decreased growth of murine pancreatic cancer and prolonged survival of the mice significantly. Angiogenesis was also decreased by JNK inhibition in vitro and in vivo . In conclusion, activation of JNK promotes development of pancreatic cancer, and JNK may be a potential therapeutic target for pancreatic cancer.
Solar Differential Rotation and Meridional Flow: The Role of a Subadiabatic Tachocline for the Taylor‐Proudman Balance

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We present a simple model for the solar differential rotation and meridional circulation based on a mean field parameterization of the Reynolds stresses that drive the differential rotation. We include the subadiabatic part of the tachocline and show that this, in conjunction with turbulent heat conductivity within the convection zone and overshoot region, provides the key physics to break the Taylor-Proudman constraint, which dictates differential rotation with contour lines parallel to the axis of rotation in case of an isentropic stratification. We show that differential rotation with contour lines inclined by 10 - 30 degrees with respect to the axis of rotation is a robust result of the model, which does not depend on the details of the Reynolds stress and the assumed viscosity, as long as the Reynolds stress transports angular momentum toward the equator. The meridional flow is more sensitive with respect to the details of the assumed Reynolds stress, but a flow cell, equatorward at the base of the convection zone and poleward in the upper half of the convection zone, is the preferred flow pattern.