jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Uses and Conservation of Plant Species in a National Park—A Case Study of Ben En, Vietnam

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Uses and Conservation of Plant Species in a National Park—A Case Study of Ben En, Vietnam. This paper surveys the use of wild and cultivated plants by local people in Ben En National Park, Vietnam, and analyzes its impact on the conservation status of some of the utilized species. A total of 208 species used for a range of nonmedicinal purposes are listed. See Hoang et al. (2008a) for 230 medicinal plants used in the park. Most species are used for food. The use of plants contributes very significantly to the livelihood of local people in the park, but the current use patterns are not sustainable and would lead to local extinction of rare and endangered species if no additional conservation measures are introduced. Men collect nonmedicinal plants more often than women. A total of 38 useful plant species are commercialized, and contribute 12% of the average income of individual households. Bamboo shoots of Schizostachyum funghomii (Poaceae) are the most important for income generation. The monetary equivalent of noncommercialized useful plants probably far exceeds the value of the traded plant products. Plant use is independent of the ethnicity of the different populations living in the park. Larger households make use of a greater variety of useful plant species than small families. Abundant species in the forest have a higher use index (UI) than less common species. Out of the 208 useful species, as many as 27 were found to be endangered locally, many more than the 11 or 8 endangered species included in national or global red lists. Currently, useful plants, especially important timber trees, are more abundant in the less disturbed parts of the park, far away from the villages, indicating the pressures of illegal logging and harvesting near villages on the ecosystems.
Securing industry IoT systems with cyber security and fault diagnosis approaches

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this dissertation, the fault diagnosis approaches based on machine learning algorithms are discussed. For industrial processes, faults may be caused by a network attack. In this project, the data packets on the internet will be captured and processed to extract some useful information. Back propagation network and support vector machine are the most popular machine learning algorithms, which have many advantages such as quick and efficient. In the project, lots of historical network data will be trained by the above two algorithms and tested to obtain an optimal fault diagnosis approach.
ViTA: A flexible CAD-tool-independent automatic grading platform for two-dimensional CAD drawings

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Grading engineering drawings takes a significant amount of an instructor’s time, especially in large classrooms. In many cases, teaching assistants help with grading, adding levels of inconsistency and unfairness. To help in grading automation of CAD drawings, this paper introduces a novel tool that can completely automate the grading process after students submit their work. The introduced tool, called Virtual Teaching Assistant (ViTA), is a CAD-tool-independent platform that can work with exported drawings originating from different CAD software having different export settings. Using computer vision techniques applied to exported images of the drawings, ViTA can not only recognize whether or not a two-dimensional (2 D) drawing is correct, but also offers the detection of many important orthographic and sectional view mistakes such as mistakes in structural features, outline, hatching, orientation, scale, line thickness, colors, and views. We show ViTA’s accuracy and its relevance in the automated grading of 2 D CAD drawings by evaluating it using 500 student drawings created with three different CAD software.
More than "moon gold and marbles" : rationalization, reform, and the transformation of the American circus, 1900-1940.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The circus, despite its prominence in the American imagination and popular culture, has yet to be given its due among the scholarly studies of cultural historians. This thesis is a historical contextualization of the circus in the United States. It contends that historical processes of rationalization and reform prevalent in the early twentieth century can be adequately interpreted through a study of the circus, and that these forces contributed significantly to the circus’ decline in size and cultural relevance in that period. Specifically, this thesis examines the amelioration of corruption and reform of labor relations as instrumental in the shrinkage and decline of circuses in the United States.
Epidemiology of schizophrenia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract After nearly a century of epidemiological research, essential questions about the nature and causes of schizophrenia still await answers. Two major conclusions stand out. ♦ The clinical syndrome of schizophrenia is robust and can be identified in diverse populations, regardless of wide-ranging demographic, ecological, and cultural differences among them. This suggests that a common pathophysiology is likely to underlie the characteristic symptoms of schizophrenia. On balance, the evidence suggests that schizophrenia incidence and disease risk show relatively modest variation at the level of large population aggregates. However, the study of ‘atypical’ populations or pockets of very high or very low frequency of schizophrenia, such as in genetic isolates or minority groups, may provide novel clues to the aetiology and pathogenesis of disorder. ♦ No single environmental risk factor of major effect on the incidence of schizophrenia has yet been discovered. Further studies using large samples are required to evaluate potential risk factors, antecedents, and predictors for which the present evidence is inconclusive. Assuming that methodological pitfalls will be avoided by risk-factor epidemiology, and that multiple environmental risk factors of small to moderate effect will eventually be identified, the results will complement those of genetic research which also implicate multiple genes and networks. All this suggests that the key to understanding schizophrenia is likely to be in the unraveling of complex gene-environment interactions.
Liberating Limits

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The fantasies of limitless economic growth are putting the lives of today’s most vulnerable members of humankind and future generations in peril. The mainstream of current economic, political, and public debates around sustainable development and climate policy focus on the idea of addressing climate change and other environmental challenges by means of ecologically friendly technologies and “green growth”. Scholarly approaches by Niko Paech, Doris Fuchs and Antonietta Di Giulio make strong cases for the necessity of absolute reductions in material and energy use, as do the works of liberation theologians Ignacio Ellacuría and Jon Sobrino as well as Pope Francis. At the intersection of all four approaches, a common theme emerges: economic reductions and limitations do not necessarily reduce quality of life but rather have the potential to generate liberating effects.
Study of effects of modulated microwaves by method of face masking

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

In this paper, effects of low-power modulated microwaves on central nervous system function are studied experimentally utilizing the phenomenon of visual masking. Special software is elaborated to present two human face photos as visual stimuli and register subject's ability to identify the images afterwards. The phenomenon of visual masking is revealed as anamorphosis in subject's perception of two instantaneous visual stimuli presented within a short time interval. The stressor studied was low-power modulated microwave (1 W, 450 MHz carrier, 7 Hz modulation frequency). The results were processed to obtain the frequencies of occurrence of correct and incorrect recognition of the stimuli. The results of the experiment on a group of 10 volunteers show that low level modulated microwave radiation does not influence the perception of briefly presented highly typical visual information significantly.
Mild and severe beta-thalassemia among homozygotes from Turkey: identification of the types by hybridization of amplified DNA with synthetic probes

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Through the procedure of gene amplification combined with hybridization to synthetic 19 base pair (bp) oligonucleotide probes, it has been possible to identify nine different mutations in the DNA of 47 subjects from Turkey and Northern Cyprus with a beta-thalassemia homozygosity. The IVS-I nucleotide (nt) 110 G----A and the IVS-I nt 6 T----C substitutions and the frameshift at codon 8 were most frequently observed. Direct correlations were made between these data and clinical observations; mild disease was associated with homozygosity for IVS-I nt 6 T----C, for frameshift at codon 8, for the C----G substitution at nt -87, and for IVS-I nt 5 G----T, and for a double heterozygosity for some of these conditions. Moderate disease, observed in some of the patients, could be explained by combinations of specific mutations. All mutations were associated with specific haplotypes, while in some the observed beta zero-thalassemia was of the mild type due to a considerable production of Hb F.
Advanced practice nurse pharmacogenomics capacity and utilization

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Background: Guided by Clinical Pharmacogenomic Implementation Consortium (CPIC) guidelines for >140 medications, pharmacogenomic tests inform medication selection and dosing to optimize efficacy while minimizing toxicities. Purpose: This study assessed pharmacogenomic self-reported curricular content, knowledge, skills, attitudes, and usage in advanced practice registered nurses (APRNs) with prescriptive privileges. Methodology: An online survey was administered assessing pharmacogenomic curricular content, knowledge, skills, attitudes, and usage. Results: Data from 266 APRNs were analyzed. Most graduated with their highest nursing degree ∼10 years ago and reported pharmacogenomic curricular content ( n = 124, 48%). Pharmacogenomic curricular content was associated with pharmacogenomic familiarity ( p = .045) but not with knowledge confidence ( p = .615). Pharmacogenomic usage, defined as ordering a pharmacogenomic test within the past year, was low ( n = 76, 29%) and most ( n = 210, 84%) reported never using CPIC Guidelines. Advanced practice registered nurses ( n = 162) who did not anticipate ordering a pharmacogenomic test in the next year ( n = 77, 48%) indicated that they did not know what test to order. Conclusions: Deficits were identified in APRN pharmacogenomic knowledge and skills despite academic training. Most reported not ordering pharmacogenomic tests, did not know what test to order, and did not use CPIC guidelines. Implications: Pharmacogenomics is a quality and safety issue. Academic training did not result in practice integration and most reported capacity deficits. Recommendation for overcoming academic deficits include: (1) assessment of pharmacogenomics curricular content and faculty teaching capacity; (2) training addressing identified deficiencies; and (3) Commission of Collegiate Nursing Education policies that include pharmacogenomics in advanced pharmacology. Practicing APRN plans include on-the-job training and/or mandatory training at the time of relicensure.
MODEL PERANGKAT PEMBELAJARAN MENULIS BIOGRAFI DENGAN STRATEGI BELAJAR KUANTUM

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Instructional Model to Teach Biography Writing using Quantum Teaching-learning Strategies. The study was aimed at developing a model for the teaching of biography writing using quantum learning strategy. To devise the model, three main steps were taken: pre-development of the model, development of the model, and examination of the effectiveness of the model. The research re­sults are three models: 1) syllabus and evaluation system for the teaching of biography writing, 2) learn­ing materials and VCD, and 3) teaching scenario. Quantitative data analysis shows that the three models have a relatively high degree of effectiveness. In addition, there is a significant difference between the pre-test and post-test scores on biography writing ability using quantum learning strategy (p < .001). So, it can be concluded that the three models of learning sets are effective and have significant effects on the improvement of biography writing ability of the students.
The Limitation Period of Crimes: Same Old Italian Story, New Intriguing European Answers: Case Note on C-105/14, Taricco

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Following a request for a preliminary ruling from an Italian judge, the Court of Justice of the European Union issued a groundbreaking decision in the Taricco case (C-105/14). In this judgment, the Court states that domestic judges are entitled, or even obliged, to disapply national legislation on the prescription of crimes, when such legislation impairs an effective fight against frauds to the detriment of EU finances. This case note offers an overview of the most problematic aspects of this decision, as well as its implications at the EU level. Moreover, the effects of the Taricco judgment on the Italian system are briefly discussed, especially from the perspective of the possible violations of the principle of legality.
Clustering Prevalensi Stunting Balita Menggunakan Agglomerative Hierarchical Clustering

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Indonesia is a country that still has a high stunting prevalence rate of around 36%, ranking 5th with the highest stunting prevalence rate. According to the WHO (World Health Organization) this figure has not reached the expected rate, which is below 20%. Out of 180 countries in the world, nutrition problems in Indonesia are ranked 117th which is still far behind neighboring countries, such as Malaysia which is ranked 44th, Vietnam is ranked 58th, Thiland is ranked 64th, and Singapore is ranked 12th. have a stunting prevalence rate above 20%. Clustering is the process of analyzing data to group similar data into one class and different from other classes. This research was conducted using the Agglomerative Hierarchical Clustering Average Linkage method with a bottom-up approach. The data used is the prevalence of stunting in Tegalrejo using data totaling 2397 in January for toddlers and 3256 in February. The results of the clustering form 3 levels of stunting prevalence each month which can be translated into low prevalence, moderate prevalence, high prevalence, these labels are obtained based on the mean value in each cluster. From the clustering results, there were 5 villages with a low prevalence of stunting in January and February. In villages with a moderate prevalence of stunting, there were 12 villages in January and 10 villages in February. In villages with a high prevalence of stunting in January there were 4 villages and in February 6 villages. This means that there are additional villages with a high prevalence of stunting.
Acoustic emission and machine learning for in situ monitoring of a gold–copper ore weakening by electric pulse

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The excessive energy consumption from the mining industry are currently receiving international attention. A promising method able to enhance significantly the comminution process efficiency worldwide is by using electric pulse fragmentation treatment. However, to insure a minimum energy consumption in real scale operation, an online process monitoring is of utmost importance. This work presents an in situ and real-time monitoring method by combining acoustic emission sensor and advanced machine learning algorithms. The proposed method was developed on a gold-copper ore in well-controlled single stone experiments and in semi-continuous process, reproducing a real industrial environment. In single stone experiment, the pulse energies was varied from 200 to 750 J leading to three weakening behaviours; no discharge, surface discharge and fragmentation. Acoustic signals for these categories have been decomposed with wavelet packets, and sub-band energies have been chosen as features. Then, only the most informative features were selected via standard linear principal component analysis. Finally, the classification was performed via a traditional support vector machine. In the semi-continuous experiments, an unsupervised learning method was used for classification task based on Laplacian support vector machine. Results for single stone tests showed accuracy above 90% for the three categories. For semi-continuous tests, we demonstrated that the unsupervised classification can be applied efficiently to estimate the amount of weakening of the passed through ore. We are very confident that the proposed method can be easily industrialised to monitor in situ and in real-time the electric discharge process within a comminution operation.
Swearing in Singapore : doing it the multilingual way.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Singapore is a multilingual and multicultural society where members of the general population speak at least two languages. A great deal of research has been conducted on the study of multilingual swearing in other countries but very little hitherto in Singapore, despite the unique linguistic landscape here. The study investigates the language preferences of Singaporeans when swearing and the reasons behind such preferences. This research involves a partial replication of two studies conducted by Dewaele (2010) and Bolton and Hutton (1997). Quantitative and qualitative approaches were undertaken through the use of a questionnaire and interviews. The results showed that the most common choice of language for swearing reported by those university students who were sampled in this survey was English. The results also suggested that one possible reason for this preference was the students’ proficiency in the English language, compared with other languages in their repertoires. At the same time, however, the results of this study also provide evidence that, in addition to English, the Hokkien language was also a significant language of choice for the purposes of swearing, particularly among students of a Chinese ethnicity.
Validity of endocan as a biomarker in systemic sclerosis: relation to pathogenesis and disease activity

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Systemic sclerosis (SSc), an autoimmune disease, has endothelial dysfunction and tissue fibrosis. The lack of its specific activity markers urges the research. Endocan is an immunomodulatory protein associated with endothelial dysfunction. We aimed to measure of the endocan level in systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients’ sera to test its relation to disease activity and treatment responses. Also, to evaluate its specificity by comparing these data with Behçet’s disease (BD) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients’ data. Results SSc and RA patients were in activity but in the BD group; eight were active and seven were inactive. The endocan level was higher in the three groups in comparison to the controls without statistically significant differences ( p value RA 0.697, SSc 0.063, and BD 0.196). A statistically significant difference in endocan levels between SSc patients with and without vascular manifestations (pulmonary hypertension and finger pitting ulcers, p < 0.0001, p = 0.0097, respectively). There were no significant correlations between endocan level and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein (positive rheumatoid factor for RA) in the three groups ( p > 0.05). There were no significant correlations between endocan level and activity scores in the three groups ( p > 0.05). The cut-off value of endocan was 1.3 ng/ml. Conclusion Endocan is a non-specific marker for the vascular pathogenesis in systemic sclerosis but not a good predictor for its activity.
Toxicity Study and Safety Assessment of Wheat Bran Peptide

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Objective:To study the toxicity of wheat bran peptide. Methods:The Ames test,bone marrow polychromatic erythrocyte micronucleus test,spermatogonial chromosomal aberrations test and comet assay were used to detect the toxicity of wheat bran peptide. Results:The LD50 of wheat bran peptide by i.g. to mice is more than 20 g/kg,no toxicity existing. If S9 activation or not,there are all negative results of the TA97,TA98,TA100 and TA102 strains in Ames test. In bone marrow polychromatic erythrocyte micronucleus test,spermatogonial chromosomal aberrations test and comet assay,there are not significant differences between the negative control and the treated groups(p0.05) in dose of 2.5,5.0,10.0 g/kg bw respectively. The results of genetic toxicity tests are all negative in Ames test,bone marrow polychromatic erythrocyte micronucleus test,spermatogonial chromosomal aberrations test and comet assay. Conclusion:Wheat bran peptide has no toxicity.
An Unusual Bloodstain Case

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract A body was discovered associated with a series of bloodstains on a sunken loading ramp of a supermarket. The initial evaluation of the scene by the local police determined that the victim was crushed by the rear wheels of an 18-wheel grocery truck when it backed down the ramp for a delivery. However, a careful examination of the photographs of the scene and the victim revealed that the victim was dead and in rigor mortis before the truck entered the ramp. The truck's rear wheels never came into contact with the deceased. The truck interacted with the deceased and his bicycle to create series of unusual bloodstain patterns.
TYPICAL LEISHMANIOSIS IN A DOG REGULARLY VACCINATED WITH CANILEISH

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

The vaccine Canileish® is distributed in Europe to reduce the risk of developing an active infection and clinical leishmaniosis. An English Setter dog vaccinated with Canileish® and treated with anti-feeding and repellent medications showed typical clinical signs of leishmaniosis. The dog was presented with dysorexia, weight loss, fever and forelimb lameness. The physical exam revealed moderate generalized external lymph node enlargement, sero-purulent ocular discharge, photophobia, and swollen and painful right carpal joint. Clinico-pathological findings revealed moderate microcytic-hypochromic non-regenerative anemia, mild neutropenia and thrombocytopenia, hyperglobulinemia, hematuria and mild elevation of urine protein-to-creatinine ratio, polyclonal peak in the gamma globulins, Leishmania spp. amastigotes in lymph nodes and bone marrow, and immunofluorescence antibody titer (IFAT) of 1:5120. The successful treatment included meglumine antimonate and allopurinol for 40 days, and metronidazole-spyramicin for 24 days. The dog was monitored up to 9 months and normalization of most hemato-biochemical abnormalities was achieved. The bone marrow qPCR for Leishmania infantum was negative, while IFAT was 1:160. Despite the systematic leishmaniosis prevention, the typical clinical disease can occur.
[Ultrastructural observations on the presence of stereocilia in myoblasts of Scyllium stellare].

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Many Authors described primary 9+0 cilia in different tissue of different animal species. In relation to the study on the ultrastructural architecture of the embryonic heart of a elasmobranch "Scyllium stellare", we saw some primary 9+0 cilia in very undifferentiated heart tissue. The hearts dissected from the Scyllium stellare embryo at 6 months of gestation, were processed for the observations at the transmission electron microscope. The cilia are found in deep invagination of the plasma membrane, near the Golgi complex and in the perinuclear region. Various functions have been postulated for the primary 9+0 cilia.