jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Limitation of cardiac output by a coronary alpha 1-constrictor tone during exercise in dogs

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This study was performed to examine whether an alpha 1-constrictor tone, which limits coronary functional hyperemia during exercise, imposes a significant limitation on global cardiac performance as determined by cardiac output (CO). Seven dogs were chronically instrumented to measure left ventricular pressure (LVP), maximum rate of rise of LVP (dP/dtmax), heart rate (HR), mean aortic pressure (AoP), circumflex blood flow velocity (CFV), and CO at rest and during submaximal exercise. Either the selective alpha 1-adrenergic antagonist prazo (0.5 mg) or the vasodilator adenosine was administered into the circumflex artery during exercise at 6.4 kilometers per hour (kph)/16% treadmill incline. Exercise caused significant increase in mean AoP, HR, LVP, dP/dtmax, CFV, stroke volume (SV), and CO, whereas systemic vascular resistance (SVR) was significantly reduced. After intracoronary alpha 1-blockade with prazosin, CFV, dP/dtmax, SV, and CO increased further (17 +/- 2, 19 +/- 3, 16 +/- 2, and 17 +/- 2%, respectively) without changing mean AoP, HR, or SVR. Comparable increases were observed when CFV was increased by a similar degree using the direct vasodilator adenosine. These results indicate that increasing coronary flow by removing a coronary alpha 1-constrictor tone with prazosin or by direct vasodilation with adenosine during submaximal exercise leads to an increase in myocardial oxygen supply and, as a result, cardiac pump performance (SV and CO).
<title>Parallel volume rendering using the BSP model</title>

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We present a new parallel volume rendering algorithm based on the split-light model for rendering and the bulk synchronous parallel (BSP) model for parallelization. The BSP model provides a simple and architecture-independent approach to structure the parallel program. This parallel program has been tested on a shared memory SGI PowerChallenge machine, a distributed memory IBM SP2 machine and a network of UNIX workstations.
Effects of Recline on Passenger Posture and Belt Fit

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Highly reclined postures may be common among passengers in future automated vehicles. Detailed data on posture and seat belt fit in such postures is needed to design appropriate seats and restraints but is not currently available. A laboratory study was conducted in which 24 men and women with a wide range of body size were measured in a typical front vehicle seat at seat back angles of 23, 33, 43, and 53 degrees. Data were gathered with and without a sitter-adjusted headrest. Posture was characterized by the locations of skeletal joint centers estimated from digitized surface landmarks. Regression analysis demonstrated that lumbar spine flexion decreased with increasing recline, and the differences between supported and unsupported head and neck postures were greater at larger recline angles. The lap portion of the three-point belt was more rearward relative to the pelvis in more-reclined postures, and the torso portion crossed the clavicle closer to the midline of the body. The regression models developed in this study will be useful for the design and assessment of seats and restraints for future vehicles.
Prioritized Assignment With Task Dependency in Collaborative Mobile Edge Computing

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Collaborative mobile edge computing enables resource-constrained edge facilities to work cooperatively for computation-intensive tasks. However, as the number of tasks demanded by various applications increases, resource competition is inevitable in edge facilities. Existing works tackle the resource competition problem with a first come first served (FCFS) scheme, which is blind to different delay requirements among tasks. This may result in tasks with higher delay requirements waiting a long time for service, thereby reducing overall service quality. This paper proposes a prioritized queuing scheme with task dependency (PQTD), which allows high-prioritized sub-tasks with higher delay requirements to jump into the queue ahead of low-prioritized sub-tasks with lower delay requirements. To describe the complicated delay change caused by queue-jumping, a joint DAG-queue delay (JDQD) model is proposed, which analyzes the chain reaction of delay changes caused by the processing queue on the server and the task dependency. With JDQD, a multi-task assignment optimization problem is formulated to maximize the average satisfaction degree (AvgSatD), which is defined according to the priorities of the tasks and their delay requirements. Then, a tree-based algorithm is proposed to solve the NP-hard optimization problem, i.e., Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS). Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the PQTD queuing scheme and tree search mechanism of MCTS. Overall, PQTD + MCTS can increase AvgSatD by at least 45.8% with an acceptable complexity.
Ab initiostudies of diamond(100) surface reconstruction

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The reconstruction of the C(100) surface is studied by a cluster model at several theoretical levels. It is found that the calculated surface-dimer bond length is very sensitive to the level of theoretical treatment, the spin state, and the degree of constraints in the geometry optimization process. A single-determinant self-consistent field (SCF) treatment gives a closed-shell singlet state, higher in energy than the triplet state, and with a dimer length of 1.401 \AA{}, 0.279 \AA{} shorter than the triplet. The dimer is found to be symmetric for both singlet and triplet states at the SCF and complete active space (2,2) levels of theory. The correct ground state is a singlet, but a multideterminant wave function is required for its description. At the configuration-interaction level, the surface-dimer bond length in the ground state is found to be 1.508 \AA{} and the energy decrease on dimer formation with respect to the ideal C(100) 1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1 surface is 2.28 eV per dimer.
Force Chains, Microelasticity and Macroelasticity

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

It has been claimed that quasistatic granular materials, as well as nanoscale materials, exhibit departures from elasticity even at small loadings. It is demonstrated, using 2D and 3D models with interparticle harmonic interactions, that such departures are expected at small scales [below O(100) particle diameters], at which continuum elasticity is invalid, and vanish at large scales. The models exhibit force chains on small scales, and force and stress distributions which agree with experimental findings. Effects of anisotropy, disorder and boundary conditions are discussed as well.
A Case of Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair for Descending Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm due to Takayasu Arteritis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

高安動脈炎による動脈瘤に対する手術治療では，吻合部仮性瘤を高率に形成する傾向がある．今回，われわれは高安動脈炎に発生した胸部下行大動脈瘤に対しステントグラフト内挿術を施行し，良好な治療経過が得られている1例を経験したので報告する．症例は19歳，女性．11歳時に高安動脈炎と診断され，その際に胸部下行大動脈瘤を指摘されていたが，経過観察のために施行したCT検査にて，胸部下行大動脈瘤は最大短径60 mmと拡大傾向を認めたことよりステントグラフト内挿術を施行した．ステントグラフトはオリジナルZステントを骨格とし，被覆人工血管にthin wall polytetrafluoroethyleneを用いた自作ステントを使用した．これにより動脈瘤は血栓化が得られ，現在術後4年が経過したが，瘤径の縮小が得られ経過観察中である．血管炎に対するステントグラフト内挿術の長期成績はまだ不明であり，今後も長期間の経過観察が必要であるものの，安全にかつ有効に行いうる術式である．
When Considering Creation, Simply Follow the Rule (of Faith): Patristic Exegesis of Romans 8:19–22 and the Theological Interpretation of Scripture

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

ABSTRACT Romans 8:19–22 and its "groaning creation" have long provoked lively discussion and disagreement among commentators. Alongside more traditional historical criticism, the passage has recently been the subject of theologically driven interpretation in a particular vein. Commentators responding to the "ecological crisis" have utilized the text to explore the intersection of biblical studies and environmental concerns. This study seeks to enter these wider interpretive discussions with historical perspective. In this article, I trace Patristic exegesis of the text through the fourth century, with special attention to the "Rule of Faith" and its fruitfulness as an ancient–and perhaps contemporary—hermeneutic. Figures that I analyze in detail include Irenaeus, Ambrosiaster, Origen, and Augustine. The study concludes by suggesting that the early church's Rule was indeed an effective interpretive tool in regard to Rom 8:19–22—but only under certain conditions.
Bone Formation in the Context of Growth Retardation Induced by hIGFBP-1 Overexpression in Transgenic Mice

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

In humans, intrauterine growth retardation (hIUGR) is correlated with an overexpression of insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1 (IGFBP-1). The affected children also present a delay in bone mineralization. In this study, transgenic 12-day-old mutant mice overexpressing human IGFBP-1 hepatospecifically showed a severe growth retardation. Alcian blue and alizarin red S staining of the skeleton revealed mineralization defects at the posterior level of the skull (delayed suture closure) and in appendicular and axial skeleton. Furthermore, microradiographic analysis showed a reduced bone density in the same areas. Thus, overexpressing of hIGFBP-1 demonstrates early postnatal life growth retardation and a delay in mineralization in transgenic mutant mice. These data show the involvement of the IGF/IGFBP system and more particularly IGFBP-1 in the biomineralization process.
Regional edema formation in isolated perfused dog lungs.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Studies using gravimetric analysis of lungs of frozen animals have suggested that the differences in pulmonary microvascular pressure between non-dependent and dependent lung do not influence the formation of regional pulmonary edema. We wondered if the inability to detect variation in regional extravascular lung water (EVLW) was due to the slow freezing process and, therefore, reassessed the distribution of EVLW in vertically suspended isolated perfused dog lungs with a radioisotopic technique that does not require freezing. Total lung water (TLW), blood or intravascular lung water (IVLW), and EVLW were measured in absolute quantities using a positron camera and the positron-emitting isotopes C15O as a blood label and H2(15)O as a total lung water label. Mean isotopic TLW in 17 lungs that were normal or moderately edematous (wet:dry ratio < 7) was 142 +/- 9 (SE) ml compared to the gravimetric estimate of 148 +/- 7 ml (r = 0.92) and isotopic EVLW was 64 +/- 6 ml compared to the gravimetric estimate of 70 +/- 6 ml (r = 0.8). Analysis of the distribution of regional isotopically measured EVLW in the 17 lungs in various states of spontaneous edema formation revealed a small non-dependent to dependent, gravity-related increase in percent regional EVLW compared to percent regional TLW, which did not vary with the degree of edema in the lung. Serial measurements of absolute regional EVLW in four lungs during spontaneously developing edema also failed to show a disproportionate increase in accumulation of EVLW in any lung zone. Thus, despite the wide variation in microvascular hydrostatic pressure between top and bottom of the vertical isolated lung, edema formation seems to be uniform.
Nonbacterial Thrombotic Endocarditis With Underlying Ovarian Carcinoma Resolving With Oncologic Treatment

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The treatment of nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis consists of anticoagulation, surgical consideration and treatment of the underlying disease, most commonly lupus or malignancy. We report a case of nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis presumably caused by underlying ovarian carcinoma that was controlled with anticoagulation and resolved with chemotherapy and surgical resection of the malignancy.
Entangled in Southern Lebanon: Israel, Iran, Syria and Hizbollah

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Israel invaded Lebanon in 1978 and 1982 with the intention of destroying the Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO) infrastructure. Hizbollah filled the vacuum that was created by the removal of the PLO. In an effort to neutralize Hizbollah and obtain a secure northern border, the Israeli Defense Force (IDF) has undertaken many military operations that have appeared to be counter-productive. These operations have only served as a catalyst for "tit for tat" battles between the IDF and Hizbollah. The purpose of this thesis is to examine and analyze why Israel's military efforts in southern Lebanon have failed to achieve a secure and peaceful northern border and argue that the time is ripe to end the Israeli-Lebanon conflict via a diplomatic solution.
The study of the amplitudes of the fields excited linear grating horn irradiators

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Розроблено методику дослідження амплітуд електромагнітного поля, збудженого у розкриві n-го випромінювача лінійної решітки при падінні плоскої електромагнітної хвилі, нормально поляризованої до площини падіння від довільно заданих джерел. З’ясовано, що за таких умов у розкриві будуть збуджуватись лише хвилі магнітного типу – $A^{H\perp}_{+0m_y}$. Амплітуда хвиль збуджена n-м випромінювачі практично не відрізняється від амплітуди центрального навіть з урахуванням відстані між ними. Наведені результати можна використати для дослідження більш складних прямокутних антенних решіток, що складаються з n-ї кількості лінійних.
Design and synthesis of an orally active biologic based on cyclic ω-conotoxin MVIIA-GS.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

MVIIA is a peptide isolated from cone snail venom. It is a potent inhibitor of N-type voltage-gated calcium channels on presynaptic neurons, preventing release of neurotransmitters for pain signal transmission. Its synthetic form Ziconotide has been approved for clinical therapy but can only be administered intrathecally, which causes undesired side effects. This study aims to synthesize orally active analgesic by cyclizing MVIIA with a GS linker. Cyclic MVIIA-GS exhibited high thermal, chemical and enzymatic stability found in cyclotides with a similar cysteine knot structure. MVIIA-GS gene was designed and cloned into pTxB1 vector to express MVIIA-GS–Intein–CBD fusion protein, which was purified by affinity chitin column. Intein-mediated cleavage and cyclization of MVIIA-GS was examined after 4days. Cyclic MVIIA-GS was purified by RP-HPLC, where it eluted from 30% to 32% acetonitrile. Folded, cyclic MVIIA-GS was eluted as part of a cluster from 20% to 30% acetonitrile. The biosynthesis approach used in this study was able to synthesize fully-folded cyclic analogue of native MVIIA. However, its yield of native-fold cyclic products with complicated cystine knot structure was limited. More research to optimize the synthesis process, verify the identity of the synthetic product and to test its biological activities is needed.
Pharmacological Prevention of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Systematic Review

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Introduction. Various interventions, both psychological and pharmacological, have been studied for their efficacy in preventing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) following trauma exposure. However, the preventive effect of pharmacotherapy has not been systematically assessed. Methodology. A systematic review of all clinical trials of drug therapy to prevent PTSD, available through the PubMed and EMBASE databases, was conducted. This included an assessment of each study’s quality. Results. A total of 13 studies were reviewed. The drugs examined in these papers included propranolol, hydrocortisone, serotonin reuptake inhibitors, gabapentin, omega-3 fatty acids, and benzodiazepines. There was marked heterogeneity across studies in terms of quality, study populations, and methodology. Analysis of the outcomes revealed preliminary evidence for the efficacy of hydrocortisone, particularly in critical care settings. There was no consistent evidence to support the use of other drugs to prevent PTSD. Discussion. There may be a limited role for hydrocortisone in preventing the development of PTSD in specific settings. Results with other drugs are inconsistent. Further large-scale studies should assess the efficacy of these approaches in other contexts, such as natural disasters, and the time frame within which they should be used.
Self-interested automated mechanism design and implications for optimal combinatorial auctions

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Often, an outcome must be chosen on the basis of the preferences reported by a group of agents. The key difficulty is that the agents may report their preferences insincerely to make the chosen outcome more favorable to themselves. Mechanism design is the art of designing the rules of the game so that the agents are motivated to report their preferences truthfully, and a desirable outcome is chosen. In a recently proposed approach called automated mechanism design a mechanism is computed for the preference aggregation setting at hand. This has several advantages, but the downside is that the mechanism design optimization problem needs to be solved anew each time. Unlike the earlier work on automated mechanism design that studied a benevolent designer, in this paper we study automated mechanism design problems where the designer is self-interested. In this case, the center cares only about which outcome is chosen and what payments are made to it. The reason that the agents' preferences are relevant is that the center is constrained to making each agent at least as well off as the agent would have been had it not participated in the mechanism. In this setting, we show that designing optimal deterministic mechanisms is N P-complete in two important special cases: when the center is interested only in the payments made to it, and when payments are not possible and the center is interested only in the outcome chosen. We then show how allowing for randomization in the mechanism makes problems in this setting computationally easy. Finally, we show that the payment-maximizing AMD problem is closely related to an interesting variant of the optimal (revenue-maximizing) combinatorial auction design problem, where the bidders have best-only preferences. We show that here, too, designing an optimal deterministic auction is NP-complete, but designing an optimal randomized auction is easy.
A Dual-Band Dual-Circularly-Polarized Slot Antenna With Stable In-Band Gain and Reduced Frequency Ratio Under Triple Resonance

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this article, a dual-band dual-circularly polarized (CP) narrow slot antenna with stable in-band gain and reduced frequency ratio (FR) is proposed by resonating the $0.5\lambda $ -, ${\it \lambda }$ -, and $2{\it \lambda }$ -modes. For this purpose, two critical issues are significantly investigated and explored. The first effort is attempted to construct two pairs of orthogonal polarization with opposite rotation, i.e., ( ${\it \lambda }$ - and $0.5{\it \lambda }$ -modes) and ( $0.5{\it \lambda }$ - and $2{\it \lambda }$ -modes), by properly reshaping the equivalent magnetic currents of the slot radiator. Another attempt is to reallocate these modes in proximity to each other in virtue of stub-loaded technique and ensure them to resonate in the designated sequence of ${\it \lambda }$ -, $0.5{\it {\lambda }}$ -, and $2{\it \lambda }$ -modes instead of the inherent sequence. With these improvements, the dual-CP performance can be successfully realized for our designed antenna. Finally, for experimental verification, a dual-band dual-CP slot antenna in virtue of the proposed design approach is implemented and tested. It proves that the left- and right-hand CP radiation patterns toward the ${z}$ -axis are satisfactorily obtained around 1.88 and 2.39 GHz by simultaneously employing the triple resonance, thus revealing a small FR of 1.27. Moreover, the dual operation bands hold stable in-band gains of about 2.8 and 3.5 dBic. In addition, the CP antenna still maintains the single-layer, single-fed, and single-radiator properties, which evidently confirms the validity and effectiveness of the proposed design.
Dermocosmetic Applications of Polymeric Biomaterials

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FD&C Act) defines cosmetics as ''articles other than soap which are applied to the human body for cleansing, beautifying, promoting attractiveness, or altering the appearance'' (1). The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has classified cosmetics into 13 categories: skin care (creams, lotions, powders, and sprays), fragrances, eye makeup, manicure products, makeup other than eye (e.g., lipstick, foundation, and blusher), shampoos, permanent waves and other hair products, deodorants, shaving products, baby products (e.g., shampoos, lotions, and powders), bath oils and bubble baths, mouthwashes, and tanning products.
Unraveling Dysgeusia in SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Clinical and Laboratory Insights from Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients in Romania

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Dysgeusia has been regarded as a clinical feature associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection since the onset of the pandemic. The initial circulating variants were linked to the presence of dysgeusia; however, with the emergence of the Omicron variant, the incidence of dysgeusia has decreased. The aim of this study was to identify the incidence and characteristics of patients with dysgeusia from the onset of the pandemic to the Omicron variant. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study from March 2020 to December 2021, among adult patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in the main infectious diseases hospital in Romania. Clinical and laboratory data were collected and interpreted in relation to the presence or absence of dysgeusia. Results: The incidence of dysgeusia was 32.0%, with the majority of cases (44.2%) occurring in patients with the Beta SARS-CoV-2 variant. Dysgeusia has been predominantly observed in mild to moderate cases of the disease. The presence of obesity and hypertension has been shown to be negatively associated with the development of dysgeusia (OR = 0.45, OR = 0.39, respectively). In patients with dysgeusia, inflammatory changes such as lymphopenia were significantly less frequently identified (OR = 0.22, p < 0.001), as were increased C-reactive protein (OR = 0.12, p < 0.001) and increased interleukin-1 (OR = 0.42, p = 0.002), increased fibrinogen (OR = 0.31, p < 0.001), and increased ferritin (OR = 0.27, p < 0.001) compared to patients without dysgeusia. The incidence of acute respiratory failure was higher in the dysgeusia group (71.2% vs. 28.8%, p < 0.001). This was accompanied by a milder management of patients with dysgeusia and a median duration of hospitalization that was two days shorter. Conclusions: The presence or absence of dysgeusia in patients with COVID-19 appears to correlate with both the inflammatory response and outcome. In the context of evolving circulating viral variants, which seem to be associated with a lower incidence of dysgeusia, continuous monitoring of patients who develop this disorder remains essential to clarify the pathophysiologic mechanisms involved and to assess the potential of dysgeusia as a predictor of the course of SARS-CoV-2 infection.