jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Status of antioxidants and other biochemical abnormalities in children with dengue fever

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

During an outbreak of dengue fever in 1996, 66 children between 45 days and 12 years of age with dengue fever and 25 healthy controls were studied for antioxidants and other biochemical abnormalities. As per World Health Organization (WHO) criteria, 14 children were classified as having classical dengue (DEN), 42 with dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF), and 10 (including three who died) as having dengue shock syndrome (DSS). Superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and albumin (ALB), the three main antioxidants studied, were found to be abnormal in 96, 94, and 40 per cent of the cases respectively. The levels for aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), creatinine phosphokinase (CPK), total protein (TP), total cholesterol (CHO), and triglycerides (TGL) were abnormal in 79, 50, 30, 93, and 67 per cent of the cases respectively. Among the different groups of dengue the abnormalities were more marked in children with DSS than in those with DEN and DHF, especially with respect to ALB, TP, TGL, AST, ALT, and CPK (p < 0.005). This preliminary report of dengue confirms the assumption of free radical generation and alteration in antioxidant status during acute illness. However, to understand their complex interaction in disease progression and therapeutic utility, further studies are required.
Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, and SAR Studies of Varyingly Substituted 4-Thioflavonols

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

A series of 4-thioflavonols compounds were synthesized by treating flavonols with lawsons reagent with variable substituent groups at A, B, and AB rings. All the synthesized compounds were checked for antibacterial and antifungal activity. We report that many compounds were found active against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, bacterial strains and, C. albicans, C. parapsilosisstrains and C. krusei fungal strains. Most of the synthesized 4-thioflavonols compounds were found to show enhanced antimicrobial activity than respective flavonol compounds.
An energy basin finding algorithm for kinetic Monte Carlo acceleration

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We present an energy basin finding algorithm for identifying the states in absorbing Markov chains used for accelerating kinetic Monte Carlo (KMC) simulations out of trapping energy basins. The algorithm saves groups of states corresponding to basic energy basins in which there is (i) a minimum energy saddle point and (ii) in moving away from the minimum the saddle point energies do not decrease between successive moves. When necessary, these groups are merged to help the system escape basins of basins. Energy basins are identified either as the system visits states, or by exploring surrounding states before the system visits them. We review exact and approximate methods for accelerating KMC simulations out of trapping energy basins and implement them within our algorithm. Its flexibility to store varying numbers of states, and ability to merge sets of saved states as the program runs, allows it to efficiently escape complicated trapping energy basins. Through simulations of vacancy-As cluster dissolution in Si, we demonstrate our algorithm can be several orders of magnitude faster than standard KMC simulations.
North Dakota timber industry: An assessment of timber product output and use, 1993. Forest Service resource bulletin

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The bulletin reports findings of a survey of all primary wood-using mills in North Dakota in 1993 and compares those findings with earlier surveys. Production and receipts of industrial roundwood are reported by product, species, and county. It also reports the quantity, type, and disposition of wood and bark residues generated by North Dakota`s primary wood-using industry.
Non-compliance and Relief from Sanctions after the Jackson Reforms: Striking the Balance

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article critically analyses the new approach towards non-compliance with procedural requirements and relief from sanctions following the Jackson Reforms on civil litigation costs. It argues that the new approach falls short of providing clear guidance as to how it is to be applied in practice. It argues that these shortcomings have principally been caused by the senior judiciary’s failure to clearly and consistently articulate an approach which obliges the courts to conduct an appropriate balancing exercise between the need to preserve a party’s obligation to strictly comply with its procedural obligations on the one hand and the need to ensure that due consideration is given to the issue of substantive justice on the other. It also argues that the new approach fails to have regard to the potential adverse impact which is likely to result in the administration of justice in cases involving litigants-in-person.
Cosmological Nucleosynthesis in the Big-Bang and Supernovae

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Recent observation of the power spectrum of Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) Radiation has exhibited that the flat cosmology is most likely. This suggests too large universal baryon-density parameter $Ω_b h^2 \approx 0.022 \sim 0.030$ to accept a theoretical prediction, $Ω_b h^2 \le 0.017$, in the homogeneous Big-Bang model for primordial nucleosynthesis. Theoretical upper limit arises from the sever constraints on the primordial $^7$Li abundance. We propose two cosmological models in order to resolve the descrepancy; lepton asymmetric Big-Bang nucleosynthesis model, and baryon inhomogeneous Big-Bang nucleosynthesis model. In these cosmological models the nuclear processes are similar to those of the r-process nucleosynthesis in gravitational collapse supernova explosions. Massive stars $\geq 10 M_{\odot}$ culminate their evolution by supernova explosions which are presumed to be the most viable candidate site for the r-process nucleosynthesis. Even in the nucleosynthesis of heavy elements, initial entropy and density at the surface of proto-neutron stars are so high that nuclear statistical equilibrium favors production of abundant light nuclei. In such explosive circumstances many neutron-rich radioactive nuclei of light-to-intermediate mass as well as heavy mass nuclei play the significant roles.
A case study on the role of advertising for an individual firm

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This report aims to study the relationship between advertising expenditure and sales for an individual firm in the Singapore Insurance Industry. Traditionally, this relationship has been viewed to be one that is simple and direct: advertising acts as a stimulant while sales is the variable that will stimulated. To be precise, if there is any causation to speak of, the sales-advertising relationship will have causation running from advertising to sales. With this mind-set, early studies have attempted to analyse the sales-advertising relationship in order to quantify the positive effect of advertising on sales. However, these early studies had failed to prove convincingly that such a relationship actually exist.
Differentiation of Monocytes into Phenotypically Distinct Macrophages After Treatment with Human Cord Blood Stem Cell (CB-SC)-Derived Exosomes

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Stem Cell Educator (SCE) therapy is a novel clinical approach for the treatment of type 1 diabetes and other autoimmune diseases. SCE therapy circulates the isolated patient's blood mononuclear cells (e.g., lymphocytes and monocytes) through an apheresis machine, co-cultures the patient's blood mononuclear cells with adherent cord blood-derived stem cells (CB-SC) in the SCE device, and then returns these "educated" immune cells to the patient's blood. Exosomes are nano-sized extracellular vesicles between 30‒150 nm existing in all biofluid and cell culture media. To further explore molecular mechanisms underlying SCE therapy and determine the actions of exosomes released from CB-SC, we investigate which cells phagocytize these exosomes during the treatment with CB-SC. By co-culturing Dio-labeled CB-SC-derived exosomes with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), we found that CB-SC-derived exosomes were predominantly taken up by human CD14-positive monocytes, leading to the differentiation of monocytes into type 2 macrophages (M2), with spindle-like morphology and expression of M2-associated surface molecular markers. Here, we present a protocol for the isolation and characterization of CB-SC-derived exosomes and the protocol for the co-culture of CB-SC-derived exosomes with human monocytes and the monitoring of M2 differentiation.
Identification of Arabidopsis guard cell CO2 signalling mutants using infrared thermography.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Stomata are pores on leaf surfaces that regulate gas exchange and close in response to elevated concentrations of atmospheric CO2. We are interested in identifying components involved in this signalling pathway and have used an infrared thermal imaging camera to screen 20,000 plants from an Arabidopsis EMS M2 population to identify mutants with an abnormal response to a short-term exposure to elevated CO2. In a specially constructed Teflon covered chamber plants were subjected to a period at ambient [CO2] (360 ppm) after which a thermal image was taken and then to a period at elevated [CO2] (up to 1400 ppm) after which another thermal image was taken. Comparing leaf temperature at ambient and elevated CO2 was possible to detect 72 mutants with abnormal leaf temperature. From the 41 fertile lines (M3) we selected three lines with the stronger phenotype:two are recessive mutations, while one is a dominant. One of the recessive mutations has a leaf temperature higher then wild type at ambient CO2 concentration (360 ppm) suggesting that the stomata are more closed then in wild type plants. The other two mutants have leaf temperature cooler then wild type and remain so at elevated CO2 (1500 ppm) suggesting the inability of the stomata to close as they do in the wild type plants.
Stabilized mixed material point method for incompressible fluid flow analysis

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper proposes novel and robust stabilization strategies for accurately modeling incompressible fluid flow problems in the material point method (MPM). To address the modeling of Newtonian fluids with incompressibility constraints, a new mixed implicit MPM formulation is proposed. Here, instead of solving the velocity and pressure fields as the unknown variables like the typical Eulerian computational fluid dynamics (CFD) solver, the proposed approach adopts a monolithic displacement–pressure formulation inspired by the mixed-form updated-Lagrangian Finite Element Method (FEM). To satisfy the inf–sup stability condition, two stabilization strategies are integrated into the formulation: the variational multiscale method (VMS) and the pressure-stabilization Petrov–Galerkin method (PSPG). By concurrently solving the displacement and pressure fields, the developed monolithic solver obviates the need for free-surface detection as well as Dirichlet and Neumann pressure imposition, in contrast to the fractional-step method. This attribute mitigates spurious pressure and velocity oscillations in simulating dynamic and transient flow problems. This study also addresses other prevalent challenges in MPM simulations, such as the pressure oscillations triggered by cell-crossing errors, particle-distribution-induced quadrature errors, and particle-grid information transfer. To resolve these issues, the quadratic B-Spline basis function, the delta-correction method, and the Taylor particle-in-cell method are incorporated into the proposed mixed MPM formulation, thereby enhancing numerical stability. The efficacy of the proposed stabilized incompressible MPM framework is validated through several benchmark cases, comparing the obtained results with other numerical methods and analytical solutions. Furthermore, the method's capability in simulating real-world problems involving violent free-surface fluid motion is demonstrated through comparisons with experimental results of water sloshing and dam break scenarios.
Translating Text World-Specific Elements: Paolo Bacigalupi’s The Windup Girl

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This MA thesis discusses translation difficulties found in Paolo Bacigalupi’s science fiction novel The Windup Girl, in particular those which are caused by its nova. From a translation-oriented point of view, the investigation focusses on the novel’s text world-specific elements (TWSEs). Through a discussion of the possible and desirable ways of translating these elements, a translation strategy is proposed. As a test-case, two passages from the novel are translated into Dutch using this strategy. The conclusion reflects on the desirability of the proposed translation strategy and suggests further research.
Effect of Antilogous Platelet-Rich Plasma on the Revascularization of Rabbit Prefabricated Flap

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND We aimed to investigate the effect of the local application of autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on the angiogenesis of the rabbit prefabricated flap. MATERIAL AND METHODS Femoral arteriovenous bundle prefabricated flaps were constructed on both sides of the abdomen of 20 New Zealand white rabbits and were randomly divided into experimental sides and control sides, with 40 sides in total. Autologous PRP was injected around the prefabricated femoral vascular bundle on the experimental side, and the same amount of saline was injected on the control side. After 14 days, stage II surgery was performed to lift the island flap with the implanted femoral vascular bundle at the tip of the preconfigured flap marker line and suture it in situ. Twenty rabbits were divided equally into 4 groups: group A, 7 days after stage I surgery; group B, 14 days after stage I surgery; group C, 7 days after stage II surgery; and group D, 14 days after stage II surgery. The survival of neovascularization and the flaps in the 4 groups were compared by microscopic observation, histology, and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS The density of neovascularization was much higher on the experimental side than on the control side in the 4 groups, and statistically significantly increased with time (P<0.05). Seven days after stage II surgery, flap survival was better on the experimental side than on the control side. CONCLUSIONS PRP effectively promoted the revascularization of a prefabricated flap, and vascular density increased with time.
Electrical Impedance Characterization of Cell Growth on Interdigitated Microelectrode Array

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Electrical cell-substrate impedance sensing is a method for label-free and real-time monitoring of biological cells, which has been increasingly employed in the diagnostic and pharmaceutical industries. In this study, we fabricated an interdigitated electrode (IDE) array, which consists of 10 fingers, with a length of 1.2 mm, width of 50 μm, spacing of 50 μm, and thickness of 75 nm. The impedance spectra of the fabricated IDE were measured without or with cells in the frequency range of 100 Hz to 100 kHz using a lock-in amplifier based system and characterized by equivalent circuit modelling. Regarding the total impedance as a series resistance (R) and capacitance (C) model, R and C parameters were traced at a selected frequency during cell growth. It was able to monitor cell adherence and proliferation dependent on the behaviours and characteristics of cells on the fabricated IDE array by monitoring RC parameters. The degree of changes in RC value during cell growth was dependent on the type of cells used.
Front Cover: Tumor‐Suppressor p53TAD1–60 Forms a Fuzzy Complex with Metastasis‐Associated S100A4: Structural Insights and Dynamics by an NMR/MD Approach (ChemBioChem 21/2020)

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Structural and dynamic characterization of highly flexible protein complexes is a major challenge in structural biology. By a combined NMR spectroscopy and MD simulation approach, we studied the complex formed between the disordered p53TAD1-60 and the metastasis-associated S100A4. The results indicate that both subdomains of p53TAD1-60 undergo a disorder-to-order transition, with three residues acting as anchor points attached to the binding pockets of S100A4, and a clamp-like fuzzy complex is formed. More information can be found in the full paper by A. Bodor et al.
Beta-nerve growth factor (beta-NGF) mRNA expression in the parkinsonian adrenal gland

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The adrenal gland is a well-demonstrated source for different neurotrophic factors. The presence of the beta-nerve growth factor (beta-NGF) mRNA in the adrenal tissue used for grafting in a Parkinsonian patient is reported here. Adrenal samples were obtained on the day of implantation, and a specific cDNA was synthesized after the extraction of total RNA using a synthetic oligonucleotide as a reverse transcription primer. A 168-bp portion of the cDNA was amplified using two other oligonucleotides as Taq polymerase primers in a polymerase chain reaction. Thirty-two cycles of amplification were performed. The amplification products were identified by agarose gel electrophoresis and Southern blot analysis as a single DNA band hybridizing with a third beta-NGF specific oligonucleotide. The identity of the fragment was confirmed by DNA sequencing. Quantitative analysis demonstrated a beta-NGF mRNA concentration exceeding 5 fg/micrograms of total adrenal RNA. These findings add NGF to the other neurotrophic factors produced by the gland (i.e., basic fibroblast growth factor) and demonstrate the retained functional capacity of the Parkinsonian adrenal to express the beta-NGF mRNA. All these data may assume relevant meaning for neurotransplantation research.
Isolation and Characterization of Bio-active Materials from Prickly Lettuce (Lactuca serriola)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

가시상추(Prickly lettuce : Lactuca serriola)로부터 여러 가지 추출용매를 사용하여 생리활성물질을 분리하였다. 가시상추의 일반성분, vitamin, polyphenol성 물질 그리고 flavonoid 성분의 함량을 분석하였다. 또한, MeOH 조추출물에 의한 아질산염 제거 활성, 항산화 활성, 항균 활성을 측정하였다. MeOH 조추출물의 EtOAc 분획에서 가장 높은 아질산염 제거 활성, 항산화 활성 그리고 항균 활성을 보여주었다. 그리고 polyphenol성 물질과 flavonoid의 함량도 가장 높았다. EtOAc 분획 중 subfraction 2 (EtOAc:MeOH=3:1)에서 가장 높은 항산화 활성을 보여주었다. Subfraction 2는 GC-MS에 의해 ${\rho}$-coumaric acid와 caffeic acid로 동정되었다. 가시상추 추출물의 용매 분획별 항균 활성을 검색한 결과, EtOAc 분획에서 가장 높은 항균 활성을 보여주었다. 이러한 연구 결과는 가시상추 유래의 생리활성물질의 생물학적 활성을 이해하는데 필요한 기본 데이터를 제공해 줄 것이다. The bio-active materials were isolated from prickly lettuce (Lactuca serriola) by using several extraction solvents. The contents of general compounds, vitamins, polyphenols and flavonoids of prickly lettuce were analysed. In addition, nitrite scavenging activity, anti-oxidative activity and anti-microbial activity of methanol extracts were measured. The ethylacetate (EtOAc) fraction of methanol extracts of prickly lettuce showed the best on the nitrite scavenging activity, anti-oxidant activity and anti-microbial activity. And also, the contents of polyphenols and flavonoids were the highest among all fractions. The subfraction 2 (EtOAc:MeOH=3:1) of EtOAc fraction showed the strongest anti-oxidative activity among 5 subfractions. The subfraction 2 was identified as ${\rho}$-coumaric acid and caffeic acid by GC-MS. The anti-microbial activity of each solvent fraction from prickly lettuce was measured. The EtOAc fraction showed the strongest anti-microbial activity. Overall, these results may provide the basic data to understand the biological activities of bio-active materials derived from prickly lettuce.
Host-immune responses to RSV infection and associated lung injury is modulated by Osteopontin (OPN) in age-dependent fashion

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract RSV bronchiolitis and pneumonia causes significant mortality in young infants every year. The survivors become susceptible to asthma. In our present study, using a mouse model of BALB/C and NKT−/− mice, we examined the pulmonary responses to RSV infection in the very young hosts as opposed to relatively older hosts. We also examined the effects of exogenous osteopontin (OPN) administration on the alveolar cellular constitution by direct microscopy and flowcytometry and the role of NKT cells in this process. Pulmonary damage was assessed by measuring the Lactic Dehydrogenase (LDH) levels in the BALF by ELISA and histopathological examination by microscopy. Microscopy revealed a decreased lymphocyte response in the bronchoalevolar lavage fluid (BALF) of RSV-infected-4-day- old pups as compared to that of -14- and -20-day-old mice; but an enhanced neutrophil response, which was associated with increased LDH levels. Flowcytometry revealed that administration of OPN had downregulatory effects on lung lymphocyte (CD4+ and CD8+) responses in all age groups with proportional upregulation of lung macrophage (CD11bmed/hi, CD11Clo/−) responses. This effect was less pronounced in the older age groups. Additionally, activation of macrophages, as indicated by MHCII expression, was NKT dependent. Moreover, RSV- infection significantly inhibited lung CD8+ T cell activation as indicated by decreased CD44 expression, which was recovered by OPN administration. Understanding the underlying mechanisms of RSV-infection induced differential immune responses and OPN-mediated differential immunomodulation in different age groups may help develop newer therapeutic strategies.
Implicit Racial Associations Among Academic Physiatrists and Trainees

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract This study investigated the prevalence of implicit racial associations among academic physiatrists and trainees. We administered the Harvard Implicit Association Test on race (Black/White) to 71 participants from a national academic physiatry association. The survey gathered demographic data (age, gender, ethnicity, race, professional role, and years of experience) and Harvard Implicit Association Test results, where participants reported a preference for Black race, White race, or no race preference. The majority of respondents (54.5%) displayed a preference for White race, with regression analysis revealing that participant race was the only significant predictor of this bias ( P = 0.03), No associations were found between age, gender, ethnicity, or trainee status and the Harvard Implicit Association Test results. The results indicated a significant pattern of implicit bias favoring White race among academic physiatrists and trainees, consistent with findings in other medical fields. The study emphases the need for ongoing efforts to be aware of and manage implicit biases in the field of physician medicine and rehabilitation, aiming to enhance patient outcomes and reduce healthcare disparities.
[Working adaptation in brain workers: sociohygienic aspects].

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The parameters of subjective well-being in teachers and their significance in a possible reduction in work capacity and precocious retirement were studied. The teachers with low need satisfaction levels were found to have increased subjective stress or fatigability on doing their work and decreased rest recovery of work capacity. Lower need satisfaction levels with negative reasons for refusal to continue work activities appear to be one of the factors of professional aging and its related reduction in their active work period.