jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Chemical structures of main extracellular polysaccharides of Alternaria solani and Fusarium solani. Studies on fungal polysaccharides. XVIII.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Major water-soluble extracellular polysaccharides of A. solani obtained by DEAE-cellulose column fractionation, ASP-1 and ASP-2 were heteroglycans which were composed of D-galactose, D-glucose and D-mannose. The molar ratios of ASP-1 and ASP-2 were 2.2 : 3.1 : 1.0 and 1.0 : 1.7 : 2.0, respectively. FSP-1 obtained from F. solani was a heteroglycan composed of D-galactose, D-glucose, D-mannose, and small amounts of glucuronic acid and rhamnose (approximate molar ratio : 10.5 : 10.6 : 7.6 : 1.8 : 1.0). Optical rotations of these glycans were [α]25D+66.0°(ASP-1), [α]25D+38.0°(ASP-2), and [α]25D+25°(FSP-1), respectively. The results of periodate oxidation, Smith-degradation, methylation studies, and Gas-liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrum spectra showed that these polysaccharides have highly branched structure and 1, 2-, 1, 3-, and 1, 6-linked glucopyranosyl (ASP-1), 1, 2-linked mannopyranosyl and 1, 6-linked glucopyranosyl (ASP-1), and 1, 2-linked glucopyranosyl and 1, 3, 6-linked mannopyranosyl residues (FSP-1), and 1, 2, 6-linked galactofuranosyl residues are present as main linkages of each glycan. The terminal groups are glucopyranosyl and small amount of mannopyranosyl residues. Probable structures are proposed.
Traumatic neuroma of the right posterior hepatic duct with an anatomic variation masquerading as malignancy: a case report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Traumatic neuroma (TN), also known as amputation neuroma, is a reactive hyperplasia of nerve fibers and connective tissue arising from Schwann cells after trauma or surgery. TN of the bile duct is usually asymptomatic, but rarely can lead to right upper quadrant pain, biliary obstruction, and acute cholangitis. It is very difficult to discriminate TN from malignancy before surgery, although doing so could avoid an unnecessary radical resection of the lesion. In the course of surgery, TN can be caused by unintentional injury of a nerve fiber near the common bile duct (CBD) and heat damage to an artery, complete ligation of an artery, and excessive manipulation of the CBD. Therefore, to prevent TN after cholecystectomy, surgery should be performed carefully with appropriate consideration of anatomic variations, and a cystic duct should not be resected too close to the CBD. The possibility of TN should be considered if a patient who has undergone CBD resection with hepaticojejunostomy or cholecystectomy long ago experiences symptoms of jaundice, cholangitis, or obliteration of the CBD. In this report, we present a case of TN mimicking cholangiocarcinoma that emerged from a cystic duct stump after cholecystectomy.
Anesthesia of polar bears (Ursus maritimus) with zolazepam-tiletamine, medetomidine-ketamine, and medetomidine-zolazepam-tiletamine.

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

A 1:1 combination (by weight) of zolazepam and tiletamine is the drug of choice for anesthetizing polar bears (Ursus maritimus), but recovery time is prolonged when additional doses are administered. Recoveries may last 24 hr and may threaten the health of the bears. We compared the anesthetic effects of zolazepam-tiletamine (ZT) with those of medetomidine-ketamine (MK) and medetomidine-zolazepam-tiletamine (MZT) in 93 free-ranging polar bears. The MZT combination was administered in smaller dose and volume, resulted in more rapid, safer, and more predictable induction, provided more reliable anesthesia, and was safely reversed with atipamezole. Frequent occurrence of sudden recoveries during anesthesia with MK limited our use of this combination. MK and MZT sometimes caused apnea and bradycardia initially and hyperthermia at increased ambient temperatures. Hypoxemia occurred transiently with all combinations. When anesthesia with ZT and MK exceeded 1 hr, frequent necessary top-up doses caused irregular physiologic function. ZT is recommended for short duration anesthesia (< or = 1 hr), but MZT is better for anesthesia of longer duration and under circumstances where reversibility is desirable.
Comparing the impact safety between two HMX-based PBX with different binders

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Binders play an important role in the safety of plastic bonded explosives (PBX). For the performance improvement of HMX-based explosive, the impact safety for the explosive using thermoplastic polyurethane (Estane5703) as binder, was investigated by comparing with that using fluorine rubber (F2604). By experiments performed with a self-designed impact test device to measure critical ignition velocity, it was found that the critical ignition velocity (277.36 m/s) of Estane5703-containing explosive was 9.3% higher than that of F2604-containing explosive. By analyzing the particle size distribution and morphological characteristics of the impacted powder, it could also be inferred that Estane5703 binder had better bond behavior than F2604. Beside, combustion characteristics of impacted powder were compared in a closed combustion vessel. The results indicated that the maximum combustion pressure (Pmax) of the Estane5703-containing impacted explosive powder was 56.5% lower than that of F2604-containing impacted explosive powder. The combustion duration of the Estane5703-containing impacted powder was 24.1% longer than that of F2604-containing powder, suggesting that the combustion of the former was milder. Therefore, it can be concluded that the Estane5703-containing explosive has better impact safety than the F2604-containing explosive due to the higher bond strength of Estane5703.
Planning Ideology and Geographic Thought in the Early Twentieth Century: Charles Whitnall’s Progressive Era Park Designs for Socialist Milwaukee

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

As Milwaukee’s chief park planner in the early to mid-twentieth century, Charles Whitnall responded to the various underlying ideologies of the period within which he worked. His preference for parks was a political and physical response to and remedy for the industrialized and heavily congested city he called home. By examining the Progressive Era discourse associated with planning, this article situates Whitnall’s work within the political, aesthetic, and environmental contexts of geographic thought that influenced his plans for Milwaukee. In promoting a physical awareness associated with the natural features of the region and responding to the sociopolitical framework of contemporaries such as Ebenezer Howard, Whitnall incorporated a sense of compassion within his planning. He responded to the preexisting beer gardens of Pabst and Schlitz, as well as Olmsted-designed park spaces, by advocating for decentralization as part of a broader socialist agenda that had swept through Milwaukee during the early 1900s.
Études sur les Origines de la Bible Polyglotte d'Anvers: Masius, Lindanus, Tremellius, Postel

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Among other things, we propose in this study to provide an irrefutable proof that the letter from the printer Christophe Plantin to Andreas Masius, published at the end of this work, was written on February 26, 1565 and not in 1566, as some scholars claim. Before contacting the secretary Gabriel de Zayas in 1566, Plantin had made contact with very different scholars according to specific interests on every occasion. Some of these scholars were not only Catholics, but also belligerent Catholics (Lindanus); there were others whose orthodoxy was discussed (Postel, Masius); still others were demonstrably Protestant (Tremellius). Things changed radically when Plantin offered his project to the Spanish crown
Global Stability Analysis of the Model of Series/Parallel Connected CSTRs with Flow Exchange Subject to Persistent Perturbation on the Input Concentration

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we study the convergence properties of a network model comprising three continuously stirred tank reactors (CSTRs) with the following features: (i) the first and second CSTRs are connected in series, whereas the second and third CSTRs are connected in parallel with flow exchange; (ii) the pollutant concentration in the inflow to the first CSTR is time varying but bounded; (iii) the states converge to a compact set instead of an equilibrium point, due to the time varying inflow concentration. The practical applicability of the arrangement of CSTRs is to provide a simpler model of pollution removal from wastewater treatment via constructed wetlands, generating a satisfactory description of experimental pollution values with a satisfactory transport dead time. We determine the bounds of the convergence regions, considering these features, and also: (i) we prove the asymptotic convergence of the states; (ii) we determine the effect of the presence of the side tank (third tank) on the transient value of all the system states, and we prove that it has no effect on the convergence regions; (iii) we determine the invariance of the convergence regions. The stability analysis is based on dead zone Lyapunov functions, and comprises: (i) definition of the dead zone quadratic form for each state, and determination of its properties; (ii) determination of the time derivatives of the quadratic forms and its properties. Finally, we illustrate the results obtained by simulation, showing the asymptotic convergence to the compact set.
Supplementary Data from Cyclooxygenase-2 Is a Novel Transcriptional Target of the Nuclear EGFR-STAT3 and EGFRvIII-STAT3 Signaling Axes

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Supplementary Data from Cyclooxygenase-2 Is a Novel Transcriptional Target of the Nuclear EGFR-STAT3 and EGFRvIII-STAT3 Signaling Axes
Motor proteins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

A number of myosins have been identified in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), an organism ideally suited to dissecting out their different functions. We have learned that a temperature-sensitive defect in one of these myosins (Myo2p) can be partially overcome by overexpression of a kinesin-like protein (Smy1p). This raises the possibility of the involvement of microtubules in the same function as Myo2p. However, we have been unable to demonstrate that this is the case, either using nocodazole to depolymerize microtubules or by altering the nucleotide-binding site of Smy1p. Key words: myosin, kinesin-related protein, cytoskeleton.
SOME USEFUL EARLY UTAH INDIAN REFERENCES

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Research Article| April 01 1928 SOME USEFUL EARLY UTAH INDIAN REFERENCES J. Cecil Alter J. Cecil Alter Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Utah Historical Quarterly (1928) 1 (2): 52–56. https://doi.org/10.2307/45057444 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Permissions Search Site Citation J. Cecil Alter; SOME USEFUL EARLY UTAH INDIAN REFERENCES. Utah Historical Quarterly 1 April 1928; 1 (2): 52–56. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/45057444 Download citation file: Zotero Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All Scholarly Publishing CollectiveUniversity of Illinois PressUtah Historical Quarterly Search Advanced Search The text of this article is only available as a PDF. Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
The ‘Ankara Moment’: the politics of Turkey’s regional power in the Middle East, 2007–11

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Around 2007 Turkey became a regional power in the Middle East, a status it has maintained at least until the outset of the Arab Revolt in 2011. To understand why Turkey only became a regional power under the Muslim akp government and why this happened at the specific point in time that it did, this article highlights the self-reinforcing dynamics between Turkey’s domestic political-economic transformation in the first decade of this century and the advantageous regional developments in the Middle East at the same time. It holds that this specific linkage—the ‘Ankara Moment’—and its regional resonance in the neighbouring Middle East carries more transformative potential than the ‘Washington Consensus’ or the ‘Beijing Consensus’ so prominently discussed in current global South politics.
Effective and Efficient Intracortical Brain Signal Decoding with Spiking Neural Networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

A brain-computer interface (BCI) facilitates direct interaction between the brain and external devices. To concurrently achieve high decoding accuracy and low energy consumption in invasive BCIs, we propose a novel spiking neural network (SNN) framework incorporating local synaptic stabilization (LSS) and channel-wise attention (CA), termed LSS-CA-SNN. LSS optimizes neuronal membrane potential dynamics, boosting classification performance, while CA refines neuronal activation, effectively reducing energy consumption. Furthermore, we introduce SpikeDrop, a data augmentation strategy designed to expand the training dataset thus enhancing model generalizability. Experiments on invasive spiking datasets recorded from two rhesus macaques demonstrated that LSS-CA-SNN surpassed state-of-the-art artificial neural networks (ANNs) in both decoding accuracy and energy efficiency, achieving 0.80-3.87% performance gains and 14.78-43.86 times energy saving. This study highlights the potential of LSS-CA-SNN and SpikeDrop in advancing invasive BCI applications.
Solving a class of multi-scale elliptic PDEs by means of Fourier-based mixed physics informed neural networks

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Deep neural networks have garnered widespread attention due to their simplicity and flexibility in the fields of engineering and scientific calculation. In this study, we probe into solving a class of elliptic partial differential equations(PDEs) with multiple scales by utilizing Fourier-based mixed physics informed neural networks(dubbed FMPINN), its solver is configured as a multi-scale deep neural network. In contrast to the classical PINN method, a dual (flux) variable about the rough coefficient of PDEs is introduced to avoid the ill-condition of neural tangent kernel matrix caused by the oscillating coefficient of multi-scale PDEs. Therefore, apart from the physical conservation laws, the discrepancy between the auxiliary variables and the gradients of multi-scale coefficients is incorporated into the cost function, then obtaining a satisfactory solution of PDEs by minimizing the defined loss through some optimization methods. Additionally, a trigonometric activation function is introduced for FMPINN, which is suited for representing the derivatives of complex target functions. Handling the input data by Fourier feature mapping will effectively improve the capacity of deep neural networks to solve high-frequency problems. Finally, to validate the efficiency and robustness of the proposed FMPINN algorithm, we present several numerical examples of multi-scale problems in various dimensional Euclidean spaces. These examples cover both low-frequency and high-frequency oscillation cases, demonstrating the effectiveness of our approach. All code and data accompanying this manuscript will be made publicly available at \href{https://github.com/Blue-Giant/FMPINN}{https://github.com/Blue-Giant/FMPINN}.
Callisto-Spk: A Stochastic Point Kinetics Code For Performing Low Source Nuclear Power Plant Start-Up And Power Ascension Calculations Data Repository

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

This dataset provides data to accompany the submission named "CALLISTO-SPK: A Stochastic Point Kinetics Code for Performing Low Source Nuclear Power Plant Start-up and Power Ascension Calculations" which has been submitted to Annals of Nuclear Energy. Details of the file included may be found in the readme file.
Paleoseismic studies of the San Francisco Peninsula segment of the San Andreas Fault zone near Woodside, California

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

A late Holocene slip rate is proposed for the San Francisco Peninsula segment of the San Andreas fault zone at the Filoli Center, located between the town of Woodside and Upper Crystal Springs Reservoir, California. At this site the primary trace of the San Andreas fault zone traverses N35°W across the head of a large alluvial fan, offsetting buried stream channel deposits. One deposit, with a minimum calibrated accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) radiocarbon age of 2070±120 years B.P., is offset 30±2 m, yielding an average geologic slip rate of 17±4 mm yr −1 for the late Holocene. A stratigraphically lower channel sequence, with a minimum calibrated AMS radiocarbon age of 330±200 years B.P., is offset 4.1±0.5 m. We interpret that this older sequence records both the penultimate earthquake on the peninsula segment, accompanied by 1.6±0.7 m of dextral slip, and the ∼2.5 m of slip that occurred in 1906. On the basis of radiocarbon analyses and historical descriptions we propose that the pre‐1906 earthquake occurred in June 1838. Our interpretations suggest that the San Francisco Peninsula segment of the San Andreas fault zone may rupture in earthquakes of at least two magnitudes: (1) a large‐magnitude (≈ M w 8) event with a recurrence of ∼250–320 years that involves the North Coast, San Francisco Peninsula, and Santa Cruz Mountains segments, as occurred in 1906 and (2) a M w 7.0–7.4, 1838‐type event that ruptures only the San Francisco Peninsula segment. The apparent difference in slip rate of 7 ± 7 mm ‐yr −1 between the North Coast segment (24±3 mm yr −1 ) and the peninsula segment (17±4 mm yr −1 ) suggests a possible slip rate gradient on the northern California section of the San Andreas fault.
Polychlorinated Dioxins and Dibenzofurans

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

This series of volumes, aimed at improving exposure measurements, deals with a substantial proportion of substances known or suspected to cause human cancer. In order to minimize inter-laboratory variations and enhance the quality of study designs, this series provides the multidisciplinary background for future measurements (as a complement to the IARC Monographs series on Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk), and methods for sampling and analysis set out in ISO format. Each volume is planned by a review board and emphasis is placed on complementary techniques of biological and environmental monitoring. Volume 11 focuses on the large group of isomeric polychlorinated dioxins and dibenzofurans, which have attracted universal interest as environmental contaminants. The evidence for human carcinogenicity is inadequate but studies on the effects of 2,3, 7,8 -tetrachloridibenzodioxin in some experimental animals indicate that it may be among the most potent carcinogens known. This volume will describe 10 isomer-specific methods of sampling and analysis of this and other dioxins, and dibenzofurans in human specimens, food, soils, industrial products, and air and ash from incinerators and PCB fires.
Inferring recent human population history from a Y chromosome perspective

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The Y chromosome is the longest non-recombining DNA sequence of the human genome. This avoidance of recombination, together with its paternal inheritance, makes the Y chromosome a powerful tool with which to study population history, male genealogy, forensics and medical genetics. Besides the progress made in the field during the last two decades, the recent advent of massive parallel sequencing (MPS) has yielded the discovery of thousands of new variants that have allowed to build a more reliable phylogeny and to obtain direct estimates of its mutation rate. In the present thesis, I analyse the Y-chromosome diversity from two different perspectives and with different purposes. First, by targeting specific SNPs and STRs in ~ 2,500 men bearing one of the selected 50 Catalan surnames, we investigated the driving forces behind the origin, systematization, and diffusion of surnames. And then, by using whole Y-chromosome sequences from North African individuals belonging to the most frequent lineage in the area (E-M183), we have been able to refine the phylogeography of this lineage and to shed light on the controversial dates for its origin and spread.
Visualisation of In-Socket Residual Bone Movement Using B-Mode Ultrasound in a Patient with a Transtibial Prosthesis

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

We welcome the global community of professionals involved in the care of persons in need of prosthetic, orthotic, mobility and assistive devices to the ISPO 18th World Congress! [View Programme Overview in Oxford Abstracts](https://virtual.oxfordabstracts.com/#/e/ispo2021/program) I [View the Abstract Book](https://journals.lww.com/poijournal/toc/2021/12001) | [HowToTreat ISPO Edition](https://360-ot.de/howtotreat/)
Pre-stack inversion of a 1-D medium

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Assuming a one-dimensional (1-D) acoustic medium and a known density, we want to determine the velocity distribution from pre-stack surface seismic data. Basically, we have to identify a distributed parameter in the two-dimensional (2-D) wave equation. This inverse problem is set as an optimization problem. This allows us to expect that the information redundancy available in the data will provide an optimal signal-to-noise enhancement. Since the forward modeling we use gives a complete solution of the wave equation, all the events explained by acoustic wave propagation, such as guided waves or high-order multiples, will be used to infer information about the velocity distribution. From the above arguments we may expect an accurate result with high resolution, even with noise-corrupted data. Although the developed methodology is not optimal at all, the numerical experiments confirm this expectation and illustrate the power of the proposed inversion method.
Contagion and Conviction: Rumor and Gossip in American Culture

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In recent years, scholarly and political discourses have increasingly tended to rhetorically conflate the circulation of information and the circulation of viral pathogens. Rumor and gossip are routinely taken to be “contagious” (Franks and Attia) and the massive circulation of information in the public sphere is said to be akin to “viral events” (Nahon and Hemsley). Trapped within the precarious logic of absolute metaphors (cf. Blumenberg 14), scholarly and political discourses have, in turn...