jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Unrepaired congenital heart diseases in adults – Detection rate and diagnostic errors

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Context: There are very few data about the unrepaired congenital heart disease (CHD) in adults. There are high chances of errors in diagnosis of CHD in adult population due to various reasons. If proper diagnosis is made, many of these CHDs are amenable to surgery leading to improved quality of life. Aims: Primary objective of the study was to know the detection rate of unrepaired CHD in adults. We have also reported common errors done while making the diagnosis of CHD in adults. Subjects and Methods: This was a retrospective observational study conducted from March 2020 to September 2021. Patients more than 18 years old who came for transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) for any reason were included, and the detection rate of unrepaired CHD was calculated. Simultaneously, we have also checked for any errors in reports done outside our center and classified them based on their effect on management. Results: During the study period, 6675 TTEs were done in the study population, out of which 89 (1.33%) were detected with unrepaired CHD. Acyanotic CHD was detected in 81 (91%), whereas the rest 8 (9%) had cyanotic CHD. Forty-one patients had echocardiography report done outside, out of which 25 (61%) had discrepancies. Discrepancies were more in complex CHD. Conclusions: Cardiologists or echocardiographers should follow systematic approach and place special emphasis on identifying congenital heart diseases. Many potential lesions are amenable to surgery and near-complete correction leading to improved duration and quality of life.
A Convolutional-based Model for Early Prediction of Alzheimer's based on the Dementia Stage in the MRI Brain Images

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Alzheimer's disease is a degenerative brain disease. Being the primary cause of Dementia in adults and progressively destroys brain memory. Though Alzheimer's disease does not have a cure currently, diagnosing it at an earlier stage will help reduce the severity of the disease. Thus, early diagnosis of Alzheimer's could help to reduce or stop the disease from progressing. In this paper, we proposed a deep convolutional neural network-based model for learning model using to determine the stage of Dementia in adults based on the Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) images to detect the early onset of Alzheimer's.
Everyone Swims

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Well-known disparities exist in rates of obesity and drowning, two public health priorities. Addressing these disparities by increasing access to safe swimming and water recreation may yield benefits for both obesity and injury prevention. Everyone Swims, a community partnership, brought community health clinics and water recreation organizations together to improve policies and systems that facilitated learning to swim and access to swimming and water recreation for low-income, diverse communities. Based in King County, Washington, Everyone Swims launched with Centers for Disease Control and Prevention grant funding from 2010 to 2012. This partnership led to multiple improvements in policies and systems: higher numbers of clinics screening for swimming ability, referrals from clinics to pools, more scholarship accessibility, and expansion of special swim programs. In building partnerships between community health/public health and community recreation organizations to develop systems that address user needs in low-income and culturally diverse communities, Everyone Swims represents a promising model of a structured partnership for systems and policy change to promote health and physical activity.
Familial Multiple Glomus Tumors and Pheochromocytomas

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Isolated cases of cervical cranial glomus tumors have been reported in association with pheochromocytoma. Two family pedigrees are presented and four individual cases discussed indicating a hereditary syndrome of pheochromocytoma associated with multiple glomus tumors of the head and neck. The hereditary potential has not previously been described. In three of the patients, the pheochromocytomas were asymptomatic at the time of initial presentation. These pheochromocytomas were discovered by arteriography after one of the patients developed a hypertensive crisis with the induction of anesthesia. The silent presence of pheochromocytoma in patients with multiple glomus tumors should be considered in the evaluation of these patients.
Myxoid Neurothekeoma of the Nipple

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Neurothekeomas are rare benign cutaneous neoplasms of nerve sheath origin. They are primarily found in the superficial soft tissue and are also known as dermal nerve sheath myxomas. They are commonly found on the upper extremities, head and neck followed by trunk. Here is an unusual presentation of neurothekeoma occurring as a polypoidal lesion of the nipple in a young female patient.
Gamma-subunits of G proteins, but not their alpha- or beta-subunits, are polyisoprenylated. Studies on post-translational modifications using in vitro translation with rabbit reticulocyte lysates

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Lipid modifications that may be introduced into several subunits of G proteins were explored by in vitro translation of recombinant mRNAs in reticulocyte lysates. In agreement with studies by others, myristic acid was incorporated into alpha i's and alpha o, but not alpha s, beta, or gamma's. In contrast, mevalonate (Mev) was incorporated only into gamma-subunits. Both, the gamma-subunit of transducin (gamma T) and that of other G proteins (gamma G) were modified by the lysates but with different characteristics. Labeled gamma T was unstable and was rapidly proteolyzed. Labeled gamma G was stable. The Mev-derivative in gamma G was sensitive to methyliodide and, after cleavage and chromatographic analysis, comigrated with the C20 polyisoprenol geranylgeraniol. This indicated that gamma G had been geranylgeranylated and that this polyisoprenoid was attached to the protein through a thioether linkage. It is thought that polyisoprenylation is defined by the COOH-terminal sequence Cys-A-A-X, where A is an aliphatic acid and X is any amino acid. Replacement by mutation of the Cys of the COOH-terminal -Cys-Ala-Ile-Leu sequence of gamma G with Ser abolished Mev incorporation, suggesting this Cys as the site of attachment of the geranylgeranyl moiety. Yet, Mev incorporation was less than 10% as much into gamma G with the Cys-A-A-X sequence -Cys-Ala-Ile-Trp. Consistent with geranylgeranylation, the C15 farnesyl moiety of farnesyl pyrophosphate was not incorporated into gamma G unless the incubations were fortified with Mev. In contrast, the farnesyl moiety was incorporated in an Mev-independent manner into gamma T (COOH terminus: -Cys-Val-Ile-Ser) and c-Ha-ras (COOH terminus: -Cys-Val-Leu-Ser) which are both farnesylated rather than geranylgeranylated. Thus, 1) separate enzymes appear to be involved in transferring farnesyl and geranylgeranyl groups to proteins, 2) structural factors other than the CAAX box contribute to the activity of the polyisoprenylating enzymes, and 3) this type of lipidation may be part of a proteolytic signaling system. Polyisoprenylation, which increases hydrophobicity of the derivatized protein, may play a role in anchoring not only ras but also G proteins to membranes.
Superfund Liability and Defenses: A 1992 Primer

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

An understanding of the reach of the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA), 42 U.S.C. §§ 9601-75, is important for companies to consider in their compliance programs and in transactions involving the purchase or sale of property. For those unlucky parties involved in CERCLA suits or administrative actions, evaluating CERCLA liabilities and defenses is of paramount interest. This article reviews the basic
Evaluation of noncovalent interactions in L-(S)-lysinium L-(S)-mandelate dihydrate crystal: Inputs from Hirshfeld surfaces, PIXEL energy and theoretical charge density

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

L-lysine amino acid is cocrystallized with L-mandelic acid by the slow evaporation method. Single crystal X-ray analysis reveals that lysine-mandelic acid crystallized as a dihydrate form. In the crystalline state, the lysine molecule exists in the cationic form in which the backbone and side chain amino groups are protonated and the carboxylic acid is deprotonated. The carboxylic acid proton of the mandelic acid is transferred to the lysine side chain and thus carries a negatively charged ion. The lattice water molecules are located near the amino groups of the lysine. Intermolecular interactions formed between lysinium, mandelate and lattice water molecules are qualitatively analyzed using Hirshfeld surfaces and 2D-fingerprint plots. The energetics of different dimeric complexes is quantitatively analyzed using PIXEL energy analysis. Topological parameters derived from QTAIM framework are used to delineate the nature of different intermolecular interactions formed in the title complex.
Understanding of the Fate of Atmospheric Pollutants Using a Process Analysis Tool in a 3-D Regional Air Quality Model at a Fine Grid Scale

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The process analysis is performed for August and December, 2002 using the process analysis tool embedded in the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) modeling system at a fine horizontal grid resolution of 4-km over an area in the southeastern U.S. that is centered at North Carolina. The objectives are to qunatify the contributions of major atmospheric processes to the formation of major air pollutants and provide the insights into photochemistry that governs the fate of these pollutants at a fine grid scale. The results show that emissions provide a dominant source for gases including ammonia (NH3), nitric oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and sulfur dioxide (SO2) and Particulate Matter (PM) species including fine PM (PM2.5) and its composition such as sulfate, elemental carbon, primary organic aerosol, and other inorganic fine PM in both months. While transport acts as a major sink for NH3, NO, and SO2 at most sites and PM2.5 and most of PM2.5 composition at urban sites, it provides a major source for nitric acid (HNO3) and ozone (O3) at most sites in both months, and secondary PM species in August and most PM species in December at rural and remote sites. Gas-phase chemistry serves as a source for NO2 and HNO3 but a sink for O3 at urban and suburban sites and for NO and SO2 at all sites. PM processes contribute to the formation of PM2.5 and nitrate () at the urban and suburban sites and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) at most sites in December and ammonium () in both months. They reduce formation at most sites in August and at rural and remote sites in December and the formation of PM2.5 and SOA at most sites in August. Dry deposition is an important sink for all these species in both months. The total odd oxygen (Ox) production and the total hydroxyl radical (OH) reacted are much higher at urban and suburban sites than at rural sites. Significant amounts of OH are consumed by biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) in the rural and remote areas and a combination of anthropogenic VOCs (AVOCs) and BVOCs in urban and subareas areas in August and mainly by AVOCs in December. The amount of NO2 produced by the reactions of hydroperoxy radical (HO2) is similar to that of organic peroxy radical (RO2) at all sites in August but higher than that by the reactions of RO2 inDecember. The production rate of HNO3 due to the reaction of OH with NO2 dominates in both months. The ratio of the production rates of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and HNO3 (PH2O2/PHNO3) is a more robust photochemical indicator than the ratios of their mixing ratios (H2O2/HNO3) and the afternoon mixing ratios of NOy in both months, and it is highly sensitive to the horizontal grid resolution in August. The use of PH2O2/PHNO3 simulated at 4-km indicates a VOC-limited O3 chemistry in urban and suburban areas in August that was not captured in previous model simulations at a coarser grid resolution.
Event-Triggered Fault Detection Filter for Positive Semi-Markovian Jump Systems

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper designs an $L_{1}$ fault detection filter for positive semi-Markovian jump systems with disturbances based on event-triggering scheme. First, an event-triggering strategy is presented in terms of linear inequality and a fault detection filter is proposed. Then, an augmented fault detection system is constructed. Using stochastic copositive Lyapunov function and linear programming, the filter matrices are designed for guaranteeing the positivity and stochastic $L_{1}$ stability of the considered system. One illustrative example is provided to verify the effectiveness of the results in this paper.
Abstract 1283 Antibacterial and Synergistic Effects of Antibiotics, Essential Oils, and Essential Oil Components against E. coli and S. epidermidis

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Antibiotics have changed the world, as they are one of the most important medical discoveries of the 20th century with the ability to kill bacterial infections, previously the leading cause of death. However, with overuse in agriculture, overprescription by doctors, and misuse by patients, public health experts have identified an increase in bacterial resistance, which is slowly leading to a return of the pre-antibiotic era. In an effort to combat this increased resistance and explore other antimicrobial avenues, this study investigates the antimicrobial and synergistic potential of antibiotics, essential oils, and essential oil components. We selected seven antibiotics (kanamycin, ampicillin, neomycin, gentamicin, tobramycin, ciprofloxacin HCl, and sulfamethoxazole), three components of essential oils (thymol, menthol, and carvacrol), and five essential oils (thyme, pink grapefruit, tea tree, oregano, and clove), and used two species (Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 14990). To assess antibacterial properties, we determined the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values and we analyzed synergy using the fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) values. We observed that MIC values tended to be greater for the Gram-negative species compared to the Gram-positive species, and synergy occurred between the sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim antibiotic combination as well as between menthol and all aminoglycoside antibiotics. It is possible that a lower concentration of the antibacterial is needed for Gram-positive organisms because they lack an outer membrane typical of Gram-negative organisms, and that the mechanisms of action of the menthol essential oil and aminoglycoside antibiotics are similar.
AIN'T THIS A WONDERFUL DAY

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Performer: BOB LONDON; Bob London; LLOYD SHAFFER Orchestra Writer: Hal Brooks; Les Clark Vocal. Digitized at 78 revolutions per minute. Four stylii were used to transfer this record. They are 3.8mil truncated conical, 2.3mil truncated conical, 2.8mil truncated conical, 3.3mil truncated conical. These were recorded flat and then also equalized with Turnover: 400.0, Rolloff: -12.0. The preferred versions suggested by an audio engineer at George Blood, L.P. have been copied to have the more friendly filenames. Matrix number: 1304 Catalog number: CR-652 Other IDs from the record include: 1304
Misinformation, Disinformation, and Generative AI: Implications for Perception and Policy

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The emergence of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) has exacerbated the challenges of misinformation, disinformation, and mal-information (MDM) within digital ecosystems. These multi-faceted challenges demand a re-evaluation of the digital information lifecycle and a deep understanding of its social impact. An interdisciplinary strategy integrating insights from technology, social sciences, and policy analysis is crucial to address these issues effectively. This article introduces a three-tiered framework to scrutinize the lifecycle of GenAI-driven content from creation to consumption, emphasizing the consumer perspective. We examine the dynamics of consumer behavior that drive interactions with MDM, pinpoints vulnerabilities in the information dissemination process, and advocates for adaptive, evidence-based policies. Our interdisciplinary methodology aims to bolster information integrity and fortify public trust, equipping digital societies to manage the complexities of GenAI and proactively address the evolving challenges of digital misinformation. We conclude by discussing how GenAI can be leveraged to combat MDM, thereby creating a reflective cycle of technological advancement and mitigation.
Suspension

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The crowning of William and Mary and the Glorious Revolution witnessed the restoration of a Protestant monarchy, the continued rise of parliamentary supremacy, and the adoption of the Declaration of Rights. It did not, however, bring a settled peace. Despite their king having fled, James II’s supporters remained eager to engineer his return. It was to defeat the plotting of the Jacobites that Parliament invented suspension for setting aside the very protections for which it had provided in the Habeas Corpus Act of 1679. This chapter details the many suspensions that followed during the Jacobite Wars and war with France, while also detailing how bills of attainder similarly empowered Parliament to work around the constraints of the Habeas Corpus Act. The chapter concludes by highlighting the important legal distinctions drawn in English law during this period between prisoners of war and traitors.
[Combined antitumor therapy with polyamine biosynthesis inhibitors and mitomycin C].

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

A combined effect of the polyamine biosynthesis inhibitors, alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) and methyglyoxal-bis-guanylhydrazone (MGBG) with mitomycin C (MMC) was studied. DFMO, MGBG and MMC were given intraperitoneally to nude mice xenotransplanted human gastric cancer. This new combination of the three drugs resulted in the complete halt of the xenotransplanted tumor growth and marked decline of spermine levels in the tumor tissues. The other treatments with DFMO and MGBG as well as MMC alone were inferior to this new combined therapy in suppression in both tumor growth and tissue spermine level. These data suggest that this new combined treatment be effective against human gastric cancer.
Analyzing the Renewable Energy and CO2 Emission Levels Nexus at an EU Level: A Panel Data Regression Approach

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

In the past decades, carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions have become an important issue for many researchers and policy makers. The focus of scientists and experts in the area is mainly on lowering the CO2 emission levels. In this article, panel data is analyzed with an econometric model, to estimate the impact of renewable energy, biofuels, bioenergy efficiency, population, and urbanization level on CO2 emissions in European Union (EU) countries. Our results underline the fact that urbanization level has a negative impact on increasing CO2 emissions, while biofuels, bioenergy production, and renewable energy consumption have positive and direct impacts on reducing CO2 emissions. Moreover, population growth and urbanization level are negatively correlated with CO2 emission levels. The authors’ findings suggest that the public policies at the national level must encourage the consumption of renewable energy and biofuels in the EU, while population and urbanization level should come along with more restrictions on CO2 emissions.
Phylogenetic Evaluation of Phenylketonuria and Tyrosinemia

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The aim of the research was to identify the genes responsible for Phenylketonuria and Tyrosinemia. BLAST has been used for the identification and evaluation of the genes. The gene responsible for causing phenylketonuria is PAH and the genes responsible for Tyrosinemia are FAH, HPD and TAT. It involves mutations in the phenylalanine (Phe) hydroxylase gene, which inhibits the normal metabolism of Phenylalanine due to which Phenylalanine cannot be converted to tyrosine and accumulates in the blood and other tissues. Severe conditions of Hyperphenylalaninemia lead to phenylketonuria. The genes responsible for the condition of Hyperphenylalaninemia are GCH1, PCDB1, PTS and QDPR. Thus some way or the other these genes are also responsible for causing phenylketonuria. The phylogenetic relation of the genes responsible Phenylketonuria and Tyrosinemia. Their variants have been established using various bioinformatics tools like ClustalW, MUSCLE, PHYLUM, MEGA 5.1 and BioEdit. The evaluation of the phylogenetic relationship provides an insight into how the genes have evolved or changed with time and environmental fluctuations, and to what extent they are still related to each other. The study helps in correlation of Phenylketonuria and Tyrosinemia, their phylogenetic relationships and drug designing for Phenylketonuria and Tyrosinemia.
Crisis de cantidad y calidad en la universidad peruana

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Many researchers have described the outgrowing number&nbsp;of universities around our country as a problem: the higher&nbsp;the quantity, the lower the quality and this applies since there&nbsp;are little academic requirements for students to be enrolled.&nbsp;Students have now become sort of "clients". The author&nbsp;deems this situation as an opportunity for the Peruvian higher&nbsp;education, provided that the State and the civil society device&nbsp;mechanisms of requirements and integrate a working plan&nbsp;aiming towards new and productive relationships between&nbsp;the University and the country.
COMPARISON OF CRIMSON FOUNTAINGRASS AND DISS FIBRES AS AGGREGATES FOR CEMENT MORTARS

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The use of natural fibres in cement composites is an expanding research field as their use can improve the mechanical and thermal behavior of cement mortars and reduce their carbon footprint. \nIn this paper two different wild grasses, i.e. Pennisetum Setaceum, also known as crimson fountaingrass, and Ampelodesmos Mauritanicus, also called diss, are used as source of natural fibres for cement mortars. The principal aim is to evaluate the possibility of using the more invasive crimson fountaingrass in place of diss inside cement based vegetable concrete. \nThe two plants’ fibres have been characterized by means of electron microscopy, helium picnometry; moreover, the thermal conductivity of fibre panels has been measured. Mortars samples using untreated and boiled fibres have been prepared. The mechanical characterization have been performed by means of three point bending and compression tests. Thermal conductivity and porosity have been measured to characterize physical modification induced by fibres’ treatment. The results showed better thermal and mechanical properties of diss fibres composites than fountaingrass one and that fibres treatment leads to a decrease of thermal insulation properties.