jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Wedding Rights to Marriage

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

At the dawn of this century, the ECJ emphasized the power of the Member States to define marriage, and the Council underscored their obligation to combat sexual orientation discrimination through the adoption of a new directive and a five-year Community Action Program to Combat Discrimination (2001–2006). In proposing this plan, the Commission claimed that the "Community is already active in the fight against discrimination," and then insisted that the "responsibility for implementing the fight against discrimination rests principally with the Member States" (COM(99) 567 final, paragraphs 5–6).KeywordsMember StateLegal RecognitionLesbian CoupleSexual EqualityFederal ConstitutionalThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Building complex object-oriented systems with patterns and XP

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Complexity is a characteristic of many important systems. These systems have a large number of interacting entities, complex constraints, and need to satisfy nonfunctional requirements. We use Semantic Analysis Patterns (SAPs), a type of analysis patterns where each pattern corresponds to a basic set of Use Cases, to build a global conceptual model in an incremental way. This global model provides XP with a structure to consider aspects such as distribution, security, and testability. SAPs can also be used at each incremental stage in XP to guarantee the application of good software development principles.
A Case of Pseudogout

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract We report a 56‐year‐old Japanese male with a gout‐like acute attack of synovitis and panniculitis in his right wrist without hyperuricemia. Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate (CPPD) crystals were found in the synovial fluid of the affected joint. A diagnosis of pseudogout was made. The attack subsided two days after medication with 30 mg of predonisolon. Although this is a relatively common disease in elderly people, we rarely encounter such case reports in dermatological journals.
Religious gift and environmental conservation: case study on the movement of GSR (Gerakan Seribu Rupiah) in Semarang municipality Central Java

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Religious gift is a phenomenon that is commonly found in various religious communities. In Islam the terms like zakat, infaq, and shadakah referred to the kinds of religious gift. Indeed religious gift is one of the religious orders having the purposes to care for those less fortunate. Although the religious order is common but what is interesting is that the practices of religious gift varied between communities. Religious gift which is practiced in rural area will be differed to the one practiced in urban area. The variation is related to the type of community in which the practice implemented. There is an interesting phenomenon in a residential neighbourhood in Semarang Municipality, the capital of Central Java Province. In this neighbourhood there is a mosque-based movement naming Gerakan Seribu Rupiah (One thousand rupiahs movement). The movement was initiated and executed by women . It has many activities that are oriented to family empowerment. Some of the activities are delivering scholarship, loan for school tuition, loan for family support in economic empowerment, and food aid. What the most interesting of the program is related to a specific way for fund raising that involved all the residents in the residential housing. The program combined garbages from all the residents of the residential housing and support that the garbages given must be intended for religious gift. For the purpose of the description on this phenomenon, this article will show the Gerakan Seribu Rupiah (GSR) as a religious community movement having concern on natural conservation. The detail that will be described are the profile of GSR, religious value of the garbages based fund rising, and the effects of the program toward community in general. This kind of description will inspire another community movement which is based on religious gift.
Adaptive Attentional Attunement: Perceptions of Danger and Attention to Outgroup Men

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The way people perceive others is fundamentally shaped by motives designed to help people navigate the challenges of everyday social life. Those motives can lead goal-relevant social stimuli to capture attention at early stages of information processing. The authors present data suggesting a link between perceptions of danger and selective attention to outgroup males. Participants underwent a minimal group manipulation and then performed a dot probe task assessing attentional biases. People who perceived the outgroup as dangerous had their attention captured selectively by images of outgroup males. Danger perceptions were unassociated with attention to outgroup females and ingroup targets. These findings fit with recent evolutionary analyses suggesting that self-protective motives promote cognitive vigilance to outgroup men and that human perceptual systems have been shaped by a long ancestral history of intergroup conflict. More broadly, this research extends a growing literature suggesting that attention is guided by top-down psychological factors.
Alignment and small oscillation of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle in liquid under alternating magnetic field

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

It is important to understand the rotational behavior of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) in liquids under an alternating magnetic field for their successful application in biomedical fields. These applications include magnetic hyperthermia therapy and magnetic particle imaging. In particular, recent theoretical studies suggest that the physical rotation of MNP itself causes a significant change in the magnetization response of MNPs. However, because it is hard to distinguish the contribution of the physical rotation to the magnetization curve, its behavior under an alternating field has not been established to date. In this study, we measured the absorbance change of maghemite MNP suspension. We observed magnetically induced linear dichroism under a damped oscillatory magnetic field (DOMF) with Faraday configuration, where the propagation of light was parallel to the magnetic field. Accompanied by the application of DOMF, an absorbance change was observed. Through numerical simulations, it was revealed that the waveform of the absorbance change reflects the behavior of the physical rotation. From the analysis of the waveform, it was experimentally found that the easy axis of the MNP aligns partially and oscillates with the small amplitude under an alternating magnetic field. The rotation mechanism of the MNP in liquids under an alternating magnetic field is proposed based on the observed waveform of the absorbance change. We also investigated the influences of the viscosity and the field frequency on the rotation behavior and confirmed that these results were consistent with the mechanism.
Life Cycle Characterization of Sulfolobus Monocaudavirus 1, an Extremophilic Spindle-Shaped Virus with Extracellular Tail Development

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT We provide here, for the first time, insights into the initial infection stages of a large spindle-shaped archaeal virus and explore the following life cycle events. Our observations suggest that Sulfolobus monocaudavirus 1 (SMV1) exhibits a high adsorption rate and that virions adsorb to the host cells via three distinct attachment modes: nosecone association, body association, and body/tail association. In the body/tail association mode, the entire virion, including the tail(s), aligns to the host cell surface and the main body is greatly flattened, suggesting a possible fusion entry mechanism. Upon infection, the intracellular replication cycle lasts about 8 h, at which point the virions are released as spindle-shaped tailless particles. Replication of the virus retarded host growth but did not cause lysis of the host cells. Once released from the host and at temperatures resembling that of its natural habitat, SMV1 starts developing one or two tails. This exceptional property of undergoing a major morphological development outside, and independently of, the host cell has been reported only once before for the related Acidianus two-tailed virus. Here, we show that SMV1 can develop tails of more than 900 nm in length, more than quadrupling the total virion length. IMPORTANCE Very little is known about the initial life cycle stages of viruses infecting hosts of the third domain of life, Archaea . This work describes the first example of an archaeal virus employing three distinct association modes. The virus under study, Sulfolobus monocaudavirus 1, is a representative of the large spindle-shaped viruses that are frequently found in acidic hot springs. The results described here will add valuable knowledge about Archaea , the least studied domain in the virology field.
p38 MAPK Activation, DNA Damage, Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis As Mechanisms of Toxicity of Silver Nanoparticles in Jurkat T Cells

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

To identify potential harmful effects of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on human health, a comprehensive toxicity assay was conducted on human Jurkat T cells, using oxidative stress-related endpoint. The effect of Ag ions was also investigated and compared with that of AgNPs, as it is anticipated that Ag ions will be released from AgNPs, which may be responsible for their toxicity. Cell viability tests indicated high sensitivity of Jurkat T cells when exposed to AgNPs compared to Ag ions; however, both AgNPs and Ag ions induce similar levels of cellular reactive oxygen species during the initial exposure period and; after 24 h, they were increased on exposure to AgNPs compared to Ag ions, which suggest that oxidative stress may be an indirect cause of the observed cytotoxicity of AgNPs. AgNPs exposure activates p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase through nuclear factor-E2-related factor-2 and nuclear factor-kappaB signaling pathways, subsequently inducing DNA damage, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Selective toxicity of AgNPs on Jurkat T cells suggests that rigorous toxicity evaluation should be conducted using various different cell types and biological systems prior to the widespread use of AgNPs.
Über den Einfluß einer unterschiedlichen Energieversorgung wachsender Doggen auf Körpermasse‐und Skelettentwicklung. 3. Mitteilung: Klinisches Bild und chemische Skelettuntersuchungen

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Summary Development of Body Mass and Skeleton in Growing Great Danes, as Affected by Energy Supply In growth studies with young Great Danes (0–6 months old), the effects of ad libitum (nine animals) or restricted feed supply (70–80% of ad libitum supply; 17 dogs, 9 of them bearing additional weight loads, 15% of body weight attached to the shoulder) were investigated with regard to the development of the skeleton and the bone composition. Growth disturbances of the skeleton were seen in every group, but the incidence increased with ad libitum feeding. Fast growth led to the valgus syndrome in fore‐ and hindlimbs, while hyperextensions of the carpal joint were seen, independently of the growth intensity. Weight loading in connection with energy restriction could not reproduce the same effects as ad libitum feeding. The mineral and protein concentrations in the bones (related to fat‐free dry matter) were not affected either by the different feeding levels or by the weight loading. Zusammenfassung In einem Aufzuchtversuch (6 Monate) mit jungen Doggen wurden die Auswirkungen einer freien (neun Tiere) oder restriktiven Energieaufnahme (70–80% der ad libitum Energieaufnahme; 17 Tiere, davon neun mit zusätzlicher Gewichtsbelastung (15% der Körpermasse) auf die Entwicklung des Skeletts sowie die Zusammensetzung der Knochen überprüft. In allen Gruppen fielen Wachstumsstörungen am Skelett auf, vermehrt allerdings bei Ad‐libitum ‐Fütterung. Ein forciertes Wachstum begünstigte Außenrotationen an Vorder‐ und Hintergliedmaßen, während Hyperextensionen im Karpalgelenk unabhängig von der Fütterungsintensität auftraten. Die Gewichtsbelastung reproduzierte die Effekte der Ad‐libitum ‐Fütterung nicht in vollem Umfang. Die Mineralstoff‐ und Proteingehalte im Knochen (Bezug auf fettfreie Trockensubstanz) wurden durch die Fütterungsintensität nicht signifikant beeinflußt.
The CUE Fertility Monitor compared to ultrasound and LH peak measurements for fertile time ovulation detection

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A prospective study of the reliability of the CUE Fertility Monitor to identify the fertile time of the menstrual cycle was conducted. The device provides a digital measurement of the electrical resistance of saliva (SER) and vaginal secretions (VL). The readings of the device were compared with the fertile time detected by ultrasonography of the growing follicle and estimation of the LH surge to detect ovulation. Thirteen women participated in the study. Sixteen cycles contained both signals (SER, VL) for the beginning and the end of the fertile period. In 2 cycles a CUE signal could not be found by the device. Using a computerized algorithm for evaluation of the CUE signals, the beginning of the fertile period was accurately detected in 14 cycles; in 2 cycles the signal was found less than five days prior to ovulation. The last day of fertility was identified correctly by the CUE Fertility Monitor in 10 cycles; in 6 it was incorrectly identified during the time when the woman was still fertile. This suggests that the CUE Fertility Monitor utilizing the algorithm on which it currently is based cannot be recommended for natural family planning. However, we think that the algorithm for evaluation should be improved as useful signals in the menstrual cycle are detected.
Field-induced modulation of the conductance, thermoelectric power, and magnetization in ballistic coupled double quantum wires under a tilted magnetic field

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The effect of a tilted magnetic field $B$ on the modulation of tunneling, the ballistic conductance, the ballistic electron-diffusion thermoelectric power, and the orbital magnetization is studied for tunnel-coupled ballistic double quantum wires. The magnetic field has a component ${B}_{y}$ along the wires and a component ${B}_{x}$ perpendicular to the plane that contains both wires. We find that ${B}_{y}$ alters the ${B}_{x}$ dependence of the electronic and transport properties drastically in the presence of interwire tunneling. The latter has been studied extensively in the literatures in the absence of ${B}_{y}$ and is known to show many interesting transport properties. The presence of ${B}_{y}$ causes the effective tunneling integral to oscillate continuously with sign changes and decay eventually for large ${B}_{y}$. The ${B}_{y}$-induced interwire tunnel coupling between different sublevels and the quenching of it under a large ${B}_{y}$ were both observed experimentally by Thomas et al. [Phys. Rev. B 59, 12252 (1999)].
Security and Compliance in Clouds

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The use of cloud computing services is an attractive opportunity for companies to improve IT Services and to achieve almost unlimited scalability of the IT infrastructure, and all of this at a significantly reduced cost than this is possible with internal resources. However, the use of a cloud service requires a company to trust the vendor to deal with the company's secret data. In order to check the compliance demands for the required security level, the business processes of the cloud vendor have to be inspected thoroughly. This is a time consuming and expensive task which has to be repeated continuously. Furthermore, company data is increasingly subject to compliance checks for legal regulations that differ in each geographical location, for instance the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) or the HIPPAA Act in the health domain in the U.S., or Basel II, Solvency II in Europe. We report on ongoing research about an automated compliance analysis method specifically for the analysis of the business processes of a cloud service provider. Nowadays, customers of cloud services can only inquire the existence of single security features like a firewall. The review of the entire security concept on a process level is seldom possible.
Effect of PPI Therapy on Symptom Association Using Four-Day Bravo pH Recordings Combining 48 Hour Periods Off and on PPI

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose: Controversy exists as to whether pH studies are best done off or on PPI therapy. Off therapy testing maximizes the yield of symptom association while on therapy testing evaluates the efficacy of therapy in normalizing esophageal acid exposure. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of PPI on symptom association using 4-day pH recordings that encompassed 2 day periods before and during PPI therapy. Methods: 15 patients underwent 4-day Bravo pH recordings (2 day off; 2 day on) using 2 separate receivers calibrated to a single Bravo capsule. Indications for pH testing were refractory heartburn, chest pain, and chronic laryngeal symptoms. Patients were off PPI therapy for days 1 and 2. Omeprazole/Na bicarbonate 40 mg PO BID was administered on days 3 and 4. Symptom association was measured by both the symptom index (SI) and Symptom Association Probability (SAP). Results: Off therapy, 7 patients (58%) had esophageal acid exposure values exceeding 5.3%. 6 patients had abnormal pH exposure only on day 1 and 1 patient only on Day 2. 3 patients were excluded from the study due to premature detachment or malfunction. On therapy, all patients showed significant and progressive reductions is esophageal acid exposure (Figure, p < 0.01). By day 4, all patients had normal esophgeal acid exposure values. 5 patients had complete symptom resolution by day 4; the remaining 6 patients continued to experience symptoms while on PPI therapy. Both the SI and SAP significantly decreased during the on therapy compared with off therapy recording period (p < 0.05).Figure 1Conclusions: (1) Prolonged 96 hour esophageal pH recordings using the Bravo system are feasible and allow for combined testing both off and on therapeutic trial of PPI. (2) Yield of symptom association indices are significantly diminished with PPI therapy. (3) 96 hour pH studies allow for acquisition of information useful in the evalulation of refractory and atypical reflux symptoms. [figure 1]
Importance of Non-Triacylglycerols to Flavor Quality of Edible Oils

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Edible oils from vegetable and animal sources are composed primarily of triacylglycerols and to a lesser extent minor components referred to as unsaponifiable matter. During processing of oils and as a result of reactions in production of structured and other novel lipids many of these components are removed and hence the relative stability of the preparation is compromised. Presence of chlorophyll in the oils, both endogenous and in the additives, resulted in enhanced production of odor-active aldehydes under fluorescent light. However, simultaneous removal of non-triacylglycerol components reduced the stability of oils under Schaal oven conditions. In enzymic acidolysis of algal oils with capric acid we found that the resultant oils were much less stable than their unaltered counterparts despite a decrease in the degree of unsaturation of the products. Experiments carried out in the absence of any enzyme showed that removal of endogenous antioxidants was indeed responsible for this phenomenon.
The effect of nano fertilizers on wheat vegetative characters

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The effect of nano fertilizers on Wheat vegetative charactersThanawan Buacharoen1, Yafei Guo1, Eugenia Valsami-Jones1*, and Sami Ullah1*Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.1School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Science, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UKWheat is the primary staple cereal in the world. It was the highest cultivation in 2018. According to the British Survey of Fertilizer Practice, total nitrogen use in Great Britain was reduced between 2021 and 2022. At the same time, the total phosphate did not change. Meanwhile, the usage of the total potash has increased compared to last year. &#160;Conventional fertilizer, which consists of nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium nutrients, will release Greenhouse gas emissions. The other option to solve this problem is the nano fertilizer. Plants can easily absorb a tiny particle of nano fertilizer, reducing greenhouse gas emissions into the air. Therefore, this study focused on nano fertilizers' effect on plant growth.&#160;The first set of 30-day-old wheat plants was treated with amorphous calcium phosphate (nano - ACP), a potassium-bearing variant of the ACP (nano ACP - NPK) and a urea and potassium-bearing variant of the ACP (nano - UNPK). Moreover, three conventional fertilizers, which have the same nutrient quantity as same as nano fertilizers, were applied to the second set of plants to be a positive control. On the other hand, blank treatment was used to be a negative control. After harvesting the wheat plants, the shoot length and fresh weight were measured. Also, the ammonium concentration in the soil was examined with the colorimetric method. Maximum root weight was found in the wheat treated with nano&#8211;ACP (Average&#177; SD. = 0.39&#177;0.20). The nano ACP - NPK gave the highest value of shoot weight (Average &#177; SD. = 0.9 &#177; 0.10), number of seeds (84 seeds) and shoot length (Average &#177;SD.= 63.33 &#177; 4.29). However, the maximum ammonium concentration was found in the soil treated with nano ACP. All treatments' seed weight and shoot length differ at the P &#8211; value of less than 0.5. Our finding suggests that the nano fertilizers had enhanced vegetative characteristics compared with the conventional fertilizers.Key word; amorphous calcium phosphate (nano - ACP), potassium-bearing variant of the ACP (nano ACP - NPK) and urea and potassium-bearing variant of the ACP (nano - UNPK)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;
Language experiences of transnational migrants in the Southern African context

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Owing to economic exigencies, civil wars, political instability and natural disasters, many people are forced to abandon their homes, brave ‘fear of the unknown’ and seek refuge in other countries with or without guarantee for their safety, employment opportunities and refugee status. Often economically dominant countries, which normally are viewed as greener pastures, do attract refugees from starving nations. For most of the migrants language poses a further challenge if their home language is not spoken in the host country – which is a normal phenomenon. This seemingly has repercussions on migrants’ employment prospects, as well as their access to information and health services. It is surmised that linguistic challenges may make a person a target of immigration officers’ insults, police brutality and illegal deportations. Hence, this article aims to explore the language experiences of transnational migrants and to suggest strategies to deal with these linguistic challenges and promote the harmonious co-existence of migrants and citizens of their host nations.