jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Investigating the quality indicators of the national product Kauincurd

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This scientific study highlights the relevance of creating environmentally friendly products rich in biologically active compounds through the revitalization of traditional foods. Kauncurd is a traditional national dish made from a mixture of curd and melon. The aim of the study is to determine the optimal formulation of kauncurd by comparing different recipes and scientifically validating its quality and safety indicators. In this work, two melon varieties were used: “Myrzashol” (commonly known as “Torpeda”) and “Kolhoznitsa” (or angelek), combined with curd in 2:1 and 1:1 ratios. Determined the hysicochemical, organoleptic, and safety parameters the finished products. The dry matter content was determined by the gravimetric method through drying in an oven at 102°C until constant weight; protein content was measured using the Kjeldahl method, fat content by the Soxhlet method, acidity by titration, and pectin content by the titration method in accordance with GOST 29059-91. The “Torpeda” variety showed advantages over the “Kolhoznitsa” variety in terms of protein, fat, pectin, and vitamin C content. Kauncurd samples prepared at a 2:1 ratio received high sensory evaluations and showed a significant reduction in nitrate and heavy metal levels. This demonstrates that kauncurd can be used as an eco-friendly, functional food product. The research results lay the scientific and practical foundation for the revival of national dishes.
Ultra-broadband solar energy absorber based on Ti and TiN from visible to mid-infrared

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract In this work, a metamaterial absorber based on titanium (Ti) and titanium nitride (TiN) is proposed. Theoretical calculation by finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method shows that the absorber could achieve a bandwidth of 3720 nm in the spectrum range of 280 nm − 4000 nm. The average absorptivity of the absorber can reach 96.9%. The physical mechanism of the absorber is analyzed from the impedance matching theory and electromagnetic field distribution. Furthermore, simulation results illustrate that the absorber is polarization-insensitive and allows a wide range of incident angles. The absorption spectrum is basically consistent with that of air mass 1.5 (AM1.5). And it can achieve high thermal conversion efficiencies over a wide range of temperatures. These results indicate that the absorber has a good development prospect in solar energy collection.
Human origins: what bones and genomes tell us about ourselves

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Ever since the recognition of the Neanderthals as an archaic form of human in the mid-nineteenth century, the fossilized bones of extinct humans have been used by paleoanthropologists to explore human origins. These bones told the story of how the earliest humans - bipedal apes, actually - first emerged in Africa some 6 to 7 million years ago. Starting about 2 million years ago, the bones reveal that as humans became anatomically and behaviorally more modern, they swept out of Africa in waves into Asia, Europe, and finally into the New World. Even as paleoanthropologists continued to make important discoveries - Mary Leakey's Nutcracker Man in 1959, Don Johanson's Lucy in 1974, and most recently Martin Pickford's Millennium Man, to name just a few - experts in genetics were looking at the human species from a very different angle. In 1953, James Watson and Francis Crick first envisioned the double helix structure of DNA, the basic building block of all life. In the 1970s it was shown that humans share 98.7 percent of their genes with the great apes - that in fact genetically we are more closely related to chimpanzees than chimpanzees are to gorillas. And most recently the entire human genome has been mapped - we now know where each of the genes are located on the DNA strands that make up our chromosomes. In Human Origins: What Bones and Genomes Tell Us about Ourselves, two of the world's foremost scientists, geneticist Rob DeSalle and paleoanthropologist Ian Tattersall, show how research into the human genome confirms what fossil bones have told us about human origins. This unprecedented integration of the fossil and genomic records provides the most complete understanding possible of humanity's place in nature, its emergence from the rest of the living world, and the evolutionary processes that have molded human populations to be what they are today. Human Origins serves as a companion volume to the American Museum of Natural History's new permanent exhibit, as well as standing alone as an accessible overview of recent insights into what it means to be human.
Smoking and alcohol consumption in early pregnancy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

SummaryIn a survey of 319 women in early pregnancy 68.6 per cent did not smoke, including 7.5 per cent discontinuing during the pregnancy. Forty-five per cent did not drink alcohol, only 11.2 per cent having been 'habitual non-drinkers' before. Many women seem to be heeding advice on tobacco and alcohol consumption during pregnancy.
Crucial Role for Endothelial Cell α2β1 Integrin Receptor Clustering in Collagen‐Induced Angiogenesis

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Angiogenesis is a crucial mechanism of vascular growth and regeneration that requires biosynthesis and cross‐linking of collagens in vivo and is induced by collagen in vitro . Here, we use an in vitro model in which apical Type I collagen gels rapidly induce angiogenesis in endothelial monolayers. We extend previous studies demonstrating the importance of the endothelial α2β1 integrin, a key collagen receptor, in angiogenesis by investigating the roles of receptor clustering and conformational activation. Immunocytochemical localization of α2β1 integrins in endothelial monolayers showed a concentration of integrins along cell–cell borders. After inducing angiogenesis with collagen, the receptors redistributed to apical cell surfaces, aligning with collagen fibers, which were also redistributed during angiogenesis. Levels of conformationally activated α2β1 integrins were unchanged during angiogenesis and undetected on endothelial cells binding collagen in suspension. We mimicked the polyvalency of collagen fibrils using antibody‐coated polystyrene beads to cluster endothelial cell surface α2β1 integrins, which induced rapid angiogenesis in the absence of collagen gels. Clustering of αvβ3 integrins and PECAM‐1 but not of α1 integrins also induced angiogenesis. Soluble antibodies alone had no effect. Thus, the angiogenic property of collagen may reside in its ability to ligate and cluster cell surface receptors such as α2β1 integrins. Furthermore, synthetic substrates that promote the clustering of select endothelial cell surface receptors mimic the angiogenic properties of Type I collagen and may have applications in promoting vascularization of engineered tissues. Anat Rec, 2019. © 2019 American Association for Anatomy
Factors influencing unhealthy eating behaviour in US adolescents

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract This research explores the simultaneous effects of key variables on unhealthy eating behaviour. Specifically, this study focuses on the relative effects of advertising, parental and peer influence, and self‐efficacy on the unhealthy eating behaviour of US adolescents. The results suggest that: (1) parental influence, peer influence and self‐efficacy significantly predict unhealthy eating behaviour; (2) self‐efficacy is the strongest predictor of unhealthy eating behaviour; and (3) advertising effects are largely neutralized by parental influence, peer influence and self‐efficacy.
Multiplex Networks and Pan-Cancer Multiomics-Based Driver Gene Identification Using Graph Neural Networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Identifying cancer driver genes has paramount significance in elucidating the intricate mechanisms underlying cancer development, progression, and therapeutic interventions. Abundant omics data and interactome networks provided by numerous extensive databases enable the application of graph deep learning techniques that incorporate network structures into the deep learning framework. However, most existing models primarily focus on individual network, inevitably neglecting the incompleteness and noise of interactions. Moreover, samples with imbalanced classes in driver gene identification hamper the performance of models. To address this, we propose a novel deep learning framework MMGN, which integrates multiplex networks and pan-cancer multiomics data using graph neural networks combined with negative sample inference to discover cancer driver genes, which not only enhances gene feature learning based on the mutual information and the consensus regularizer, but also achieves balanced class of positive and negative samples for model training. The reliability of MMGN has been verified by the Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic curves (AUROC) and the Area Under the Precision-Recall Curves (AUPRC). We believe MMGN has the potential to provide new prospects in precision oncology and may find broader applications in predicting biomarkers for other intricate diseases. Implementations of MMGN can be found at https://github.com/xingyili/MMGN.
Immunodeficient Mice in Oncology

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Since the first successful transplantation of human tumour tissue into thymus-aplastic nude mice in 1969, the role of immunodeficient animals in oncology has continuously increased. This volume summarizes the current status of scientific work with immunodeficient mice in oncology. Special focus is placed on the following areas: The establishment and characterization of human tumour xenografts in experimental animals as well as the quality control and monitoring of the transplants. Tumor biology studies on nude mice, presenting data on tumour-host interactions, growth regulation by oncogenes, growth factors and hormones, as well as tumour markers and heterogeneity. The use of SCID mice in oncology and tumour immunology. New drug development strategies of the National Cancer Institute of the United States and the European Organization on Research and Treatment of Cancer. Data on various new compounds are presented, including analogues of classical cytostatics, growth factor and hormone antagonists, compounds converting tumour resistance, biological response modifiers and natural products.
“A place where I am always welcome”: A thematic analysis of what belonging to Alcoholics Anonymous means to its members

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this study is to explore what belonging to Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) means to its international membership. The aim is to gain a collective view of the opinions held by those accessing the services offered by AA globally. This paper focuses on the study of AA entirely from the perspective of its members, without being attentive to the AA approach to recovery, or the 12-step programme it advocates. An online survey was distributed as a link on Facebook groups accessed by members of AA. Responses (N=182) were received from members accessing AA services in 11 different countries. These were analysed using thematic analysis. The findings convey a positive message for what belonging to AA means, demonstrating that members accomplish more than sobriety and sustained abstinence. They develop a positive outlook, feel connected and accepted into a unique community, that offers a platform for achieving personal and spiritual growth.
Preanalytic determinants of surgical pathology practice in Uyo

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Context: The aim of this study is to evaluate the various determinants of the preanalytic phase of surgical pathology (SP) in Uyo. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional descriptive study (prospective) of all SP specimens that were sent to the histopathology laboratory of University of Uyo Teaching Hospital, Uyo. A special pro forma/questionnaire was designed taking into account the various determinants of the preanalytic phase of SP. Results: The request form had the patients' name and sex in all cases reviewed. In all but 3%, the age was stated while the hospital number and site of biopsy or tissue were stated in 89% and 95%, respectively. Only 49% of cases had an adequate history. In majority of cases, the examination findings (63%) and previous investigations (83%) were not stated. The provisional diagnosis was indicated in 92% of cases while the requesting/managing clinicians' name was indicated in 94% of cases. Seventy percent of the request forms were written on behalf of the consultant by the resident doctors. The fixative was adequate in 92% of cases and all specimens came in formalin (though it was of different concentrations). Majority (92%) of the specimens came in plastic containers, which was adequate (large enough) for the size of the specimen. The provisional diagnosis was same with the histological diagnosis in 66% of cases. Conclusion: An adequately filled request form well labeled adequate specimen container containing the right amount of fixative will positively affect the preanalytic stage of SP.
Video streaming over wireless local area network : simulation study

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This report presents the results of simulating video streaming over the different wireless standards (IEEE 802.11a, 802.11b, 802.11g).The results have shown video streaming capacity over the different standards, with 802.11a performing the best with 8 simultaneous video streaming reliably. The access point bottleneck effect was also evidenced as the weak point in the performance of wireless video streaming. Finally, the QoS capabilities of the 802.11e was simulated and showed the positive impact the service differentiation has on video streaming.
Transfer Learning for Volatility Pattern Prediction Across Global Stock Markets Using Lightweight Statistical Models

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract This study looks at using simple statistical models to predict changes in global stock markets. The goal is to create a system that can adjust to different market conditions without needing complex deep learning methods. Traditional methods often struggle because of different data types, regional financial differences, and limited data from international markets. To solve these problems, the study uses models like ARIMA and Exponential Smoothing. These models are combined with transfer learning techniques to match data features and patterns between different markets. Tests with data from the NYSE, BSE, and FTSE showed that these models predict well and use less computing power. This shows that statistical transfer learning can be an effective and easy-to-understand way to predict market changes. The new approach uses simple models instead of deep neural networks, which makes it more transparent and efficient. This system can help create strong, low-cost financial forecasting tools, especially useful in places with limited data or resources. Keywords: Transfer Learning, Volatility Prediction, ARIMA, Exponential Smoothing, Global Stock Markets, Financial Time Series, Lightweight Models, Interpretability.
Lateral IBIC by single proton counting on diffusion/depletion regions: Theory and experiment

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

IBIC (Ion Beam Induced Charge) in its "lateral"version is a powerful method for mapping the drift length of carriers in a depletion region of a semiconductor device. This technique has been recently used in order to measure the drift length and to profile the electric field in a p+/nSi junction and in a totally depleted CdTe nuclear detector. Problems in data analysis arise when the device is not totally depleted and diffusion regions are present. These problems are generally solved by a sharp separation between the two regions, which is not the real case, since a smooth transition exists between high and low electric field regions and a back electrode induced field could also be present. In order to overcome these difficulties, a new theoretical approach based on the extended Ramo's theorem has been developed. This theory allows diffusion length to be accurately evaluated taking into account the effects of the finite integration time of the electronic chain.
Redo aortic root replacement (Cabrol procedure) and Commando operation for extensive prosthetic valve endocarditis with aortic root pseudoaneurysm involving mitral-aortic intervalvular fibrosa

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Mitral-aortic intervalvular fibrosa pseudoaneurysm is a rare but potentially fatal complication, most commonly arising from infective endocarditis or a prior cardiac operation. Rupture of a mitral-aortic intervalvular fibrosa pseudoaneurysm constitutes a surgical emergency and presents considerable technical challenges, with reported early mortality rates between 20% and 30%. We report the case of a high-risk 72-year-old man with a history of two prior cardiac operations who presented with a contained rupture of a mitral-aortic intervalvular fibrosa pseudoaneurysm and an aortic root abscess. Surgical management involved mitral-aortic intervalvular fibrosa reconstruction using a double-layer bovine pericardial patch within a Commando operation with a modified bio-Bentall procedure and coronary artery reimplantation via a Cabrol procedure. This integrated approach enabled complete debridement of the infected aortic root tissue and successful repair of the mitral-aortic intervalvular fibrosa defect, highlighting the value of combining these complex techniques in select high-risk reoperative settings.
Annual Testicular Cycle and Bill Color Change in the Eastern American Goldfinch

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

THE avian testicular cycle of seasonally-breeding birds consists of three phases: a regeneration phase when the tissues of the regressed gonad are reorganized, an acceleration phase characterized by development and growth of the testis, and a culmination phase in which the birds are responsive to certain environmental end stimuli that result in their nest building and gamete deposition (Marshall, 1961). Among wild populations of north-temperate passerines such a cycle has been demonstrated by histological examination of the testis in only a few early nesting species (e.g. Blanchard, 1941; Bullough, 1942; Blanchard and Erickson, 1949; Threadgold, 1956a, 1956b; Marshall and Coombs, 1957). Comparative study of the cycles of more species, particularly late nesters, is desirable. An analysis of seasonal changes in external characters that reflect seasonal changes in the gonad may provide an indirect method of determining the testis cycle in other species quickly. Bill color and postnuptial molt are well-suited for such an analysis as, in certain species, they are readily measurable from museum skins. Both characters have been correlated with changes in the titer of one or more of the gonadal hormones (Witschi and Fugo, 1940; Kobayashi, 1954a, 1954b, 1954c, 1958; Witschi, 1961; Engels, 1962), and Marshall (1961) associates the onset of the postnuptial molt with early regeneration phase and the termination of postnuptial molt with the onset of acceleration phase. The Eastern American Goldfinch, Spinus t. tristis, exhibits both a seasonal change in bill color and a late breeding season, and is principally single-brooded. Throughout the northern part of its range this goldfinch generally does not nest until July and later (Walkinshaw, 1938; Stokes, 1950; Nickell, 1951; Berger, 1968), and breeding behavior occurs seasonally later in this species than in other passerines nesting in northeastern North America. Field experiments conducted in Ithaca, New York revealed that not until late June or early July do female goldfinches begin gathering cotton artificially supplied them in their nesting habitat since early June, and they do not begin collecting thistle papus, a major natural nesting material, until July or, more rarely, in the last week of June (Mundinger, 1968). This correlates temporally with the onset of nest construction. In a study field in Ithaca only about 6 percent (2 of 35 nests) of all nests were initiated as early as the period mid-June to 1 July in 1963-65. Likewise the males do not engage in the defense of a geographically fixed area with flight song display and other territorial behaviors until nest construction begins or, in some cases, only a few days
The hierarchical competing systems model provides a process account of social decision making

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

We applaud Richardson, Mulvey, and Killen’s [2012] application of the hierarchical competing systems model (HCSM) to models of social decision making. The HCSM is a framework of the development of executive function that was formulated to account for patterns of behavior in infant and toddler search tasks. However, the principles of the model are relevant across a wide range of domains throughout the lifespan [Marcovitch &amp; Zelazo, 2009]. According to the HCSM framework, behavior (or decision making) results from the joint contributions of a habit system (appropriately relabeled ‘experience’ by Richardson et al.) and a representational system. In turn, the act of reflection – defined as representing a representation – strengthens the influence of the representational system to the point where it can override the influence of the habit system. Importantly, reflection is not always needed for an individual to act in a novel, appropriate fashion (i.e., this can occur through the influences of unreflective representations). That said, the presence of reflection allows for the modification of behavior (or preexisting rationales for decision making) based solely on endogenous processes, even when these endogenous processes can be triggered from environmental events. In short, we argue that unexpected changes in the environment have the potential to initiate reflection, provided that the individual is attentive, capable of processing the nature of the disturbance, and motivated to reconcile the situation.
Bending of Circular Plates Sealing an Incompressible Liquid

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Technical Briefs Bending of Circular Plates Sealing an Incompressible Liquid A. D. Kerr A. D. Kerr Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, New York University, New York, N. Y.; Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory (CRREL), U. S. Army Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Author and Article Information A. D. Kerr Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, New York University, New York, N. Y.; Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory (CRREL), U. S. Army J. Appl. Mech. Sep 1965, 32(3): 704-706 (3 pages) https://doi.org/10.1115/1.3627288 Published Online: September 1, 1965 Article history Received: April 24, 1964 Revised: March 3, 1965 Online: September 15, 2011