jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Purinergic Signaling in the Cardiovascular System

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

There is nervous control of the heart by ATP as a cotransmitter in sympathetic, parasympathetic, and sensory-motor nerves, as well as in intracardiac neurons. Centers in the brain control heart activities and vagal cardiovascular reflexes involve purines. Adenine nucleotides and nucleosides act on purinoceptors on cardiomyocytes, AV and SA nodes, cardiac fibroblasts, and coronary blood vessels. Vascular tone is controlled by a dual mechanism. ATP, released from perivascular sympathetic nerves, causes vasoconstriction largely via P2X1 receptors. Endothelial cells release ATP in response to changes in blood flow (via shear stress) or hypoxia, to act on P2 receptors on endothelial cells to produce nitric oxide, endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor, or prostaglandins to cause vasodilation. ATP is also released from sensory-motor nerves during antidromic reflex activity, to produce relaxation of some blood vessels. Purinergic signaling is involved in the physiology of erythrocytes, platelets, and leukocytes. ATP is released from erythrocytes and platelets, and purinoceptors and ectonucleotidases are expressed by these cells. P1, P2Y 1 , P2Y 12 , and P2X1 receptors are expressed on platelets, which mediate platelet aggregation and shape change. Long-term (trophic) actions of purine and pyrimidine nucleosides and nucleotides promote migration and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle and endothelial cells via P1 and P2Y receptors during angiogenesis, vessel remodeling during restenosis after angioplasty and atherosclerosis. The involvement of purinergic signaling in cardiovascular pathophysiology and its therapeutic potential are discussed, including heart failure, infarction, arrhythmias, syncope, cardiomyopathy, angina, heart transplantation and coronary bypass grafts, coronary artery disease, diabetic cardiomyopathy, hypertension, ischemia, thrombosis, diabetes mellitus, and migraine.
Dietary vitamin D intake among university students and their habits concerning daily sunlight exposure – a cross-sectional study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Aim: To evaluate students’ dietary vitamin D intake according to characteristics and habits concerning daily sunlight exposure. Methods: The study included 403 students of the University of Rijeka, Croatia that fulfilled questionnaire about their characteristics, habits, physical activity, supplement use, diet, and their daily sunlight exposure. For assessing diet quality, the Dietary inflammatory index (DII®) was used. Results: Average dietary vitamin D intake was 2.76 μg/day, statistically highest among men (p&lt;0.01), medical sciences universities’ students (p&lt;0.01), students with obesity (p=0.03), highly physically active (p=0.02) and smokers (p=0.01). Major dietary vitamin D sources were fish (42%, p&lt;0.01) and meat and meat products (31%). Students that more frequently expose themselves to the sunlight were mostly men, overweight, moderately physically active, dietary supplements users, and had a diet with more anti-inflammatory potential, higher dietary vitamin D intake and its major dietary sources. Those who rarely and never used a sunscreen had a more anti-inflammatory diet and higher vitamin D and its major food sources intakes. Diet with more pro-inflammatory potential had students that rarely or never directly expose themselves to the sunlight, likewise the students that frequently used sunscreen. Those subgroups also had the lowest dietary vitamin D intake. Conclusions: The average dietary vitamin D intake by investigated university students satisfied only the fifth of the recommended daily vitamin D intake. Students with habits that can influence the lower synthesis of vitamin D may increase the risk of diseases related to bone health, immunity and inflammation in their future life. Provided results about students’ habits of their exposure to the sunlight might be useful for public health messages toward sufficient sunlight exposure, diet quality with more anti-inflammatory potential, vitamin D supplements use, and vitamin D deficiency prevention.
DIMENSION OF AUTONOMOUS LEARNING AND LEVEL OF LEARNER AUTONOMY CORRELATES OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE PROFICIENCY

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The autonomy among learners becomes particularly crucial in today’s learning as the new normal situation transforms the education in the Philippines. This study aimed to determine the perception of the students on the dimension of autonomous learning and their perceived level of autonomy on their teacher’s aims and requirements, establishing study goals and plan, learning strategy’s implementation, ability to monitor the usage of learning strategies and English learning process. This study also measured the English language proficiency of the students. Moreover, this study attempted to correlate the perception of the students’ dimension of autonomous learning and the level of learner autonomy to their English language proficiency in the subcomponents such as grammar, vocabulary, and reading comprehension. The study utilized a descriptive and correlational research design specifically quantitative methods with the survey questionnaires and proficiency test to gather data among FAITH Fidelis Senior high school students from Darasa, Tanauan Batangas. The study revealed that there is a significant relationship between the dimension of autonomous learning as to responsibility and English language proficiency. The result indicates that students still rely the responsibility on their teacher when learning grammar and vocabulary in English. Also, it was found out that the perceived level of learner autonomy and English language proficiency has no significant relationship. The results implies that respondents’ perception on their level of autonomy is not an indicator of their success in English language proficiency.
Matching in Cities

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Abstract Using administrative German data, we show that large cities allow for a more efficient matching between workers and firms and this has important consequences for geographical inequality. Specifically, the match between high-quality workers and high-quality plants is significantly tighter in large cities relative to small cities. Wages in large cities are higher not only because of the higher worker quality but also because of a stronger assortative matching. Strong assortative matching in large cities magnifies wage differences caused by worker sorting, and is a key factor in explaining the growth of geographical wage disparities over the last three decades.
Spatial and Temporal Spectra of Solar Convection

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Recent observations support the theory that solar-type oscillations are stochastically excited by turbulent convection in the outer layers of the solarlike stars. The acoustic power input rates depend on the details of the turbulent energy spectrum. We use numerical simulations to study the spectral properties of solar convection. We find that spatial turbulent energy spectra vary at different temporal frequencies, while temporal turbulent spectra show various features at different spatial wavenumbers, and their best fit at all frequencies is a generalized power law Power = Amplitude× (frequency+width), where n(k) depends on the spatial wavenumber. Therefore, it is impossible to separate the spatial and temporal components of the turbulent spectra.
Under-Reporting of Occupational Accidents in the Nigerian Construction Industry

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Under-reporting of an occupational accident is commonly found at both organisational and individual levels. It interferes with the reality of health and safety in organisations and countries. It also hinders the ability to identify trends, recognise priorities, improve strategies, and allocation of resources for accident prevention. This study examined the reasons for the under-reporting of occupational accidents at the organisation level in the Nigerian construction industry. A review of the literature was conducted on the under-reporting of occupational accidents. Thereafter, a field survey with questionnaires was distributed to solicit information from the Nigerian construction professionals in the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja, Nigeria. 300 questionnaires were distributed, and 235 responses were received and analysed with Microsoft Excel and SPSS software by applied relative importance index and ranked. The study found that among the top-ranked reasons for under-reporting of occupational accidents by the organisation is to maintain a reputation. It is therefore important to increase awareness on the reporting of occupational accidents and its importance in accident prevention programmes by the regulatory bodies. Also, more collaborative efforts, standards, and policies should be put in place by the governments for ensuring reporting and record-keeping of accidents in the Nigerian construction industry. Records of dangerous incidents are the key indicator for the organisation for the improvement in the prevention of hazards. The study, therefore, concludes that there should be proper recording and surveillance of occupational accidents, hazards, and their related background causes in reaction to quick and complex variations in work-life.
Liver histopathology and accumulation of melano‐macrophage centres in Hoplias malabaricus after long‐term food deprivation and re‐feeding

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In the Neotropical traíra Hoplias malabaricus , hepatocyte surface area declined after 30 days of fasting due to reserve utilization. Changes in normal organization of liver were not confirmed until 180 days of fasting. Severe histopathological changes occurred after 240 days. Pigment accumulation in the hepatocytes and increase in number and size (surface area) of melano‐macrophage centres (MMC) were also verified during long‐term food deprivation. The melano‐macrophages were rich in ferric compounds, probably haemosiderin. This suggests that the activity of hepatic macrophages is related to the intense erythrocyte degradation that occurred in traíra following long‐term food deprivation. After re‐feeding for 30 days, the liver presented a partial restoration, but the large MMC remained. When compared to the respective starved group, the hepatocytes of re‐fed fish increased in size, revealing recovering cell activity and storage of some energy reserves.
Social Collaborative Viewpoint Regression with Explainable Recommendations

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

A recommendation is called explainable if it not only predicts a numerical rating for an item, but also generates explanations for users' preferences. Most existing methods for explainable recommendation apply topic models to analyze user reviews to provide descriptions along with the recommendations they produce. So far, such methods have neglected user opinions and influences from social relations as a source of information for recommendations, even though these are known to improve the rating prediction.
Perceptions of the Problems of the Divorced Father

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Thress samples of adults in southeast Iowa assessed the perceptions of the problems of the divorced father. The samples included divorced fathers, women, and other men who were not divorced fathers. Divorced fathers reported that their finances, children, and ex-spouses were the three most prevalent sources of problems which they experienced. Strong agreement with the problem hierarchy both by women and by other men. The agreement indicates that the general population accurately perceives the type and intensity of the problems being experienced by divorced fathers. However, as exceptions, women undervalued finances and overvalued housework as problem domains for divorced fathers.
Microstructural Evolution of Semi-Solid AZ61 Magnesium Alloy during Reheating Process

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The microstructural evolution of AZ61 semi-solid magnesium alloy during semi-solid remelting process was studied in this paper. The semi-solid billet was fabricated by strain-induced melt activation (SIMA) method. The results showed that the initial semi-solid grains melt mainly through coalescence. With the prolongation of isothermal holding time, the grains grew up and spheroidized, in which the mean diameter of grain and liquid volume fraction increased. In the meantime, the higher the holding temperature, the faster the grain grew and spheroidized. The suitable reheating temperature of AZ61 semi-solid magnesium alloy was 592. The samples were susceptible to serious deformation beyond 597.
Studi Kasus Pengembangan Energi Surya Sebagai Stimulus Ekonomi Hijau 2045

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

To face the planetary crisis, Indonesia has prioritized sustainable development through the use of green economy practices to reduce future carbon emissions. Solar energy as one of the renewable energy sources has greater value than others, but its utilisation is still small. Consideration of this condition is discussed with the aim of evaluating the progress of the green economy; finding problems; providing solutions and suggestions for Indonesia's future development. The research method uses a systematic quantitative descriptive approach based on data collected through observations, interviews and questionnaire surveys from resource persons by providing 3 leverage factors namely; funding, regulation and institutions. The study results show that the regression coefficient of the funding factor variable (X1) is 0.365 and positive, then the funding factor variable (X1) has the largest coefficient compared to the coefficient of the regulatory factor (X2) and the institutional factor (X3), so that the funding factor is the most dominant factor in measuring the performance of solar energy success towards the implementation of the green economy. Without serious support from the government in terms of funding readiness, development goals will not be achieved, due to the large amount of funds needed to support the development of the Green Economy. However, the three variables are mutually sustainable by making policies and legal foundations to fulfil the funding needs of the green economy, regulations will be the foundation in mainstreaming the implementation and funding of green economy policies. Green economy planning, governance and supervision are supported by mature institutions and funds
Mobile Addiction of Generation Z and its Effects on their Social Lifes

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Mobile phones is one of the most preferred digital devices in constituting a large part of our daily lives in particular. Using of the mobile phones with technical innovations has become more common for this group named as generation Z. Creating a new and different social environment with sharing the private life in social websites like as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram etc. has reach a level that is closer to their social life than real life. It has been believed that smart phone usage especially in these generations has become an addiction and is considered that this situation has an effect to great extent on their social life and psychology. The aim of the study is to analyze mobile addiction of generation Z and how this addiction impacts in their social and individual lifes. In this study, the determination of the importance of factors that affect the mobile dependence of the generation Z and whether has an impact of the generations Z's social lifes or not, was evaluated by creating a new scale and utilizing a variety of scales in literature. This research was done with university students aged 18-23 is composed of a sample consisting of 276 persons.
Overview of microoptics: Past, present, and future

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Through advances in semiconductor miniaturization technology, microrelief patterns, with characteristic dimensions as small as the wavelength of light, can now be mass reproduced to form high-quality and low-cost optical components. In a unique example of technology transfer, from electronics to optics, this capability is allowing optics designers to create innovative optical components that promise to solve key problems in optical sensors, optical communication channels, and optical processors.
All rights of reproduction in any form reserved. The Bystander Effect in Radiation Oncogenesis: II. A Quantitative Model

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

There is strong evidence that biological response to ionizing radiation has a contribution from unirradiated ‘‘bystander’’ cells that respond to signals emitted by irradiated cells. We discuss here an approach incorporating a radiobiological by-stander response, superimposed on a direct response due to direct energy deposition in cell nuclei. A quantitative model based on this approach is described for a-particle-induced in vitro oncogenic transformation. The model postulates that the oncogenic bystander response is a binary ‘‘all or nothing’’ phenomenon in a small sensitive subpopulation of cells, and that cells from this sensitive subpopulation are also very sen-sitive to direct hits from a particles, generally resulting in a directly hit sensitive cell being inactivated. The model is ap-plied to recent data on in vitro oncogenic transformation pro-duced by broad-beam or microbeam a-particle irradiation. Two parameters are used in analyzing the data for transfor-mation frequency. The analysis suggests that, at least for a-particle-induced oncogenic transformation, bystander effects are important only at small doses—here below about 0.2 Gy. At still lower doses, bystander effects may dominate the over-all response, possibly leading to an underestimation of low-dose risks extrapolated from intermediate doses, where direct effects dominate. q 2001 by Radiation Research Society
Fault-Tolerant Design of the IBM Power6 Microprocessor

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The IBM Power6 microprocessor extends the capabilities of the Power5, dramatically increasing its ability to recover from hard and soft errors without increasing system downtime. The Power6 adds new mainframe-like features for enhanced reliability, availability, and serviceability, including instruction retry and processor failover. Optimized for performance and power, the Power6 implements these RAS enhancements without compromising ultrahigh-frequency operation.
Modeling CLN3 and ATP13A2 deficiency in yeast and zebrafish and use of the ATP13A2 models for drug repurposing

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCL) are a heterogeneous group of inherited recessive neurodegenerative disorders that appear during childhood and result in premature death. Nowadays, mutations in 14 genes are known to cause NCL and this project focused on CLN3 and ATP13A2 (CLN12), two genes linked to a juvenile form of NCL (JNCL). Mutations in CLN12 are known to cause two additional rare neurodegenerative disorders called Kufor-Rakeb syndrome and spastic paraplegia- 78. Since the number of people affected with a rare disease is relatively small and the cost of the drug development process is high, the chance for a patient to get therapeutic treatment is very low. Therefore, the aim of this PhD project was to develop a new drug screening pipeline for the identification of drug candidates that could be used for the treatment of some of these rare diseases. In this work, we successfully developed a phenotypic high-throughput assay based on a decreased zinc resistance phenotype in an ATP13A2-deficient yeast model and we screened more than 2500 compounds, resulting in the identification of 11 hits. Subsequently, we created a stable ATP13A2 knockout line in zebrafish and developed a validation platform based on decreased manganese resistance in this line. Using this approach, N-acetylcysteine and furaltadone emerged as promising compounds for follow-up studies. A similar strategy could not be implemented for CLN3, due to failure, despite extensive efforts, to find a suitable phenotype in yeast for a drug screening. Nevertheless, we successfully created two stable cln3 mutant lines in zebrafish. No overt phenotype was initially observed, but behavioral tests suggested that cln3 mutants display subtle neurological dysfunction, making them more susceptible to treatment with picrotoxin, a pro-convulsive drug. Further investigation is needed, but our preliminary data indicate that cln3 mutant larvae may recapitulate certain aspects of JNCL pathology. On the whole, this work provides a time- and cost-efficient pipeline for the discovery of drugs against ATP13A2 deficiencies, which can be applied for the screening of larger compound libraries in the future. In addition, we generated a new CLN3 disease model in zebrafish that will be instrumental for the development of drug screens and also may help to elucidate the molecular disease mechanism of JNCL.
Low-dose human chorionic gonadotropin during the proliferative phase may adversely affect endometrial receptivity in oocyte recipients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The effect of low-dose human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) administration in the proliferative phase of oocyte recipients was investigated in a prospective randomized trial. Sibling oocytes from the same donor were shared at random among two different recipients. In group I oocyte recipients received 750 IU of hCG every three days concomitant to endometrial preparation with estradiol until hCG injection to the donor, whereas in group II recipients received no hCG during endometrial priming with estradiol. Endometrial thickness was significantly lower in group I compared with group II, although similar endometrial thickness was detected during the mock cycle. Pregnancy rates were significantly lower in group I than in group II (13.6% vs. 45.4%, p<0.05). Implantation rates were also significantly lower in group I (1.7% vs. 22.4%, p<0.01). The study was discontinued prematurely for ethical reasons when 22 cycles were completed, as pregnancy rates were very low in group I. In conclusion, hCG administration in the proliferative phase might directly affect endometrial proliferation and receptivity.
China and the Victorian Imagination: Empires Entwined

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

What happens to our understanding of 'orientalism' and imperialism when we consider British-Chinese relations during the nineteenth century, rather than focusing on India, Africa or the Caribbean? This book explores China's centrality to British imperial aspirations and literary production, underscoring the heterogeneous, interconnected nature of Britain's formal and informal empire. To British eyes, China promised unlimited economic possibilities, but also posed an ominous threat to global hegemony. Surveying anglophone literary production about China across high and low cultures, as well as across time, space and genres, this book demonstrates how important location was to the production, circulation and reception of received ideas about China and the Chinese. In this account, treaty ports matter more than opium. Ross Forman challenges our preconceptions about British imperialism, reconceptualizes anglophone literary production in the global and local contexts, and excavates the little-known Victorian history so germane to contemporary debates about China's 'rise'