jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Defining residual stresses by applying the fem

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract This paper deals with the influence of residual stresses on the total value of loading for calculation of the stresses of a gear. We develop a computer program RESMET which serves as a pre‐processor, calculates the residual stresses by the application of different FE programs or can be used in simple cases as an independent program. The results obtained by RESMET are in good agreement with those obtained by the experiments.
Demand and Supply Operations of Power Systems with Battery Energy Storage System Using Photovoltaic Forecasting with Prediction Intervals

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Large-scale curtailments and shortfalls of photovoltaic (PV) power may be frequent in future Japanese power systems because the installed capacity of PV generation has been increasing rapidly. Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) and day-ahead PV forecasting in unit commitment (UC) calculations have been used to reduce the occurrence of shortfalls and surpluses of PV power generation. In this study we first calculate the UC of thermal generators and optimum BESS charging and discharging schedule for different installed PV capacities using day-ahead PV forecasting with different prediction intervals. Then we calculate the power shortfalls and surpluses of PV power in the target day operations.
Selling a super cosmeceutical: Contextualising risk in direct-to-consumer advertising of BOTOX® Cosmetic

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Botulinum Toxin Type A, otherwise known as BOTOX®, has dramatically changed the face of modern cosmetic medicine. This study examines the communication of the product's risks and benefits in online direct-to-consumer marketing by Allergan, maker of BOTOX Cosmetic, BOTOX Therapeutic, and BOTOX for Severe Underarm Sweating. Findings suggest that Allergan's heavy reliance on existing social norms of ideal beauty – as youthful, gendered, and self-actualised – for marketing BOTOX Cosmetic cultivates a meta-message of greater social and psychological risks associated with not using the product. In addition, the drug's medical indications are routinely conflated with its cosmetic purpose, resulting in a redefinition of the product as a 'super cosmeceutical'. These observations have important implications for how social representations of risk may detract from consumer perceptions of physical harms and further promote risk-taking in the widespread pursuit of idealised beauty.
The Arbitral Chain: Linking the Arbitral Past with China's Arbitral Present

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Seasoned businesspeople, especially those engaged in international business, are keenly aware of the fact that no matter how pleasant their pre-arrangement business courtship has been post-arrangement disputes may occur. While some disputes may be settled amicably, other resolutions leave the parties unsatisfied due to prolonged and costly litigation. Dr. Arthur J. Gemmell asserts that an understanding of the international arbitral system will enrich and sustain business while serving as a viable avenue for commercial dispute resolution. To explore the arbitral system, Dr. Gemmell uses the Chinese and Western arbitral systems, past and present, in order to understand what can be accomplished from their examples and errors. The term 'arbitral chain' refers to the linkage of one arbitral era to another. It is as essential term in the understanding of how successive eras built or modified the standards of arbitration on what had worked in the past.
Domination and Resistance: The United States and the Marshall Islands during the Cold War

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Domination and Resistance illuminates the twin themes of superpower domination and indigenous resistance in the central Pacific during the Cold War, with a compelling historical examination of the relationship between the United States and the Republic of the Marshall Islands. For decision makers in Washington, the Marshall Islands represented a strategic prize seized from Japan near the end of World War II. In the postwar period, under the auspices of a United Nations Trusteeship Agreement, the United States reinforced its control of the Marshall Islands and kept the Soviet Union and other Cold War rivals out of this Pacific region.
Development of a fast numerical tool for wind flow predictions around offshore wind turbines

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Purpose This study aims to develop a fast numerical tool for detailed wind flow predictions around offshore wind turbines. The tool is designed to assist in optimizing Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) flight paths for maintenance operations by providing high-resolution wind and turbulence data in real time. Design/methodology/approach A Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)-generated database is built using a validated Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes model under different wind conditions. Proper Orthogonal Decomposition, namely High Order Singular Value Decomposition, is applied to create a surrogate model. When coupled with site-specific meteorological forecasts, it produces high-resolution wind flow and turbulence maps (spatial resolution of less than 1 m) in less than 1.5 s. These predictions are used within a UAV simulator to assess flight behaviour under realistic turbulence conditions. Findings This numerical tool speeds up wind predictions by a factor of 2,400 compared to direct CFD calculations while maintaining mean and maximum relative deviations for velocity and turbulence kinetic energy under 2 and 10%, respectively. Its integration with UAV flight assessment tools helps to identify critical regions that may compromise UAV stability, improving operational safety. Originality/value This tool enables real-time wind predictions (using meteorological data as inputs) and UAV flight analysis, improving UAV-based maintenance operations in offshore wind farms. Its computational efficiency allows real-time use on any computer, supporting pre-flight risk assessment and safe UAV trajectory planning. The integration of the tool into UAV simulators provides a novel approach to enhance the reliability of UAV flights in extreme marine conditions.
Comparison of quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with and without insulin treatment

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Diabetes is a chronic disease, and its prevalence is \ncontinuously increasing. By 2040, one adult in 10 (642 \nmillion worldwide) will suffer from type 2 diabetes \nmellitus (T2DM). \nIn T2DM, especially in patients with long duration of \ndiabetes, often the change of lifestyle and oral \nhypoglycemic agents is not enough; therefore, the \ncombined treatment with insulin is needed to achieve \nglycemic target levels. \nDiabetes could cause many consequences that affect \nboth health and quality of life. \nSeveral factors influence the quality of life of diabetic \nindividuals: age, chronic complications, socioeconomic \nand educational level, psychological factors, knowledge \nabout the disease, and care received. \nThis study investigates the influences of the treatment \nused - oral hypoglycemic agents or insulin on quality of \nlife, using the health-related quality of life questionnaire.
Reproductive Efficiency of Introduced Gaddi Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) in Kalikot, Nepal

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Gaddi buffalo (Bubalus bubalis), indigenous to far-western hills with morphologically larger body and docile temperament is compared to Murrah, distinguished by white patch on forehead and switch. A study was carried out at Raskot Municipality of Kalikot district, Nepal to evaluate the effect of non-genetic factors on reproductive traits of introduced Gaddi on September, 2017 to May 2018. A total of 103 Gaddi buffaloes were purposively selected and survey was conducted using semi-structured questionnaire and farmer’s record by a transect walk. The collected data were analyzed using the statistical tool “R”. Least square mean comparison was made by using DMRT. The least square means for age at first service, age at first calving, post-partum estrus and calving interval were 1454.80±75.67, 1811.42±65.56, 382.94±26.49 and 680.52±32.65 days respectively. Spot variation seen on introduced Gaddi was non-significant to all the reproductive traits. Buffalo calving in summer season had longer post-partum estrus with lengthy calving interval, whereas buffalo calving in winter had shorter post-partum estrus with short calving interval. There was no variation in reproductive traits for parity. Besides well management of transhumance system of rearing and availability of pure breeding buffaloes, season of calving can also be taken into consideration for efficient reproductive performance of introduced Gaddi buffalo in mid-western high hills of Nepal which will further assist in conservation and improvement of Gaddi buffalo. Keywords : Gaddi, Kalikot, post-partum estrus, season of calving, spot variation Cite this Article Sandip Kumar Adhikari, Surya Prasad Sharma. Reproductive Efficiency of Introduced Gaddi Buffalo ( Bubalus bubalis ) in Kalikot, Nepal. Research & Reviews: Journal of Veterinary Science and Technology. 2018; 7(3): 3–10p
A novel technique for transurethral vesicovaginal fistula tract resection followed by transvaginal fistula repair: a two-step procedure

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: The principle of treatment for a vesicovaginal fistula (VVF) tract is complete removal of the fistula tract and surrounding scar tissue, followed by anastomosis without tension from surrounding healthy tissue. We present our novel two-step procedure for VVF repair. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 12 women, aged 14 to 67 years, who were treated between 2011 and December 2018. Conservative treatments failed, as these patients had complex VVFs. This technique consisted of two steps: first, transurethral resection of the fistula tract and surrounding scar tissue; second, transvaginal repair of the bladder mucosa, bladder muscle, and vaginal mucosa with tensionless anastomosis. If an interposition flap was needed, we used a Martius flap.Results: The mean operation time was 186.3 minutes (range, 145–320 minutes), and the mean urethral catheter indwelling time was 10 days. Ten patients successfully underwent surgery through a transvaginal approach with no intraoperative or postoperative complications. However, one patient developed peritoneal perforation during transurethral resection of the fistula due to severe granulation tissue formation around the fistula, which prompted conversion to an abdominal approach. In two cases, we used a Martius flap because of the poor tissue condition due to previous radiation therapy and an inflammatory reaction. At a mean follow-up of 37 months (range, 16–51 months), no recurrence of VVF was observed in any patients.Conclusions: This novel technique for transurethral VVF tract resection followed by transvaginal fistula repair was very safe and effective technique, and this straightforward technique is expected to reduce surgeons’ burden.
Effects of hot-water treatment, post-hot-water-treatment cooling and cold storage on the viability of dormant grafted grapevines under field conditions

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Background and Aims: Hot-water treatment (HWT) is an effective control method for black-foot and Petri disease, \nin grapevine propagating material. However, plant hydration and cold storage have emerged as critical factors in the \nproduction of quality planting material. The effects of HWT protocols on the performance of dormant plants ready \nto be sold to producers under ¿eld conditions were investigated. \nMethods and Results: The effects of HWT at 53°C for 30 min, cooling (post-HWT cooling or no post-HWT cooling) \nand cold storage (0, 1, 2 and 4 weeks) on sprouting, and shoot length and weight in dormant grafted plants \n(Tempranillo cultivar grafted onto 110 Richter rootstock) were evaluated. Eight bundles of ten cuttings were treated \nfor each factor combination, and eight additional bundles of ten untreated cuttings were prepared as controls (no \nHWT). Dormant grafted plants were immediately planted in two ¿eld sites in March 2010. The number of plants that \nemerged from dormancy was counted in July 2010. In January 2011, shoot length and fresh weight were evaluated. \nAlthough signi¿cant, the percentages of plants emerging from dormancy among treatments were relatively small. \nA signi¿cant reduction was observed in shoot length and weight for all treatments compared with the control, \nparticularly in all variables for non-hydrated hot-water-treated cuttings kept in cold storage for 4 weeks immediately \nafter HWT. \nConclusions: The ¿ndings obtained in this study indicate that long-term cold storage could be detrimental to \nplanting material, especially when plants have not been previously hydrated following HWT. \nSigni¿cance of the Study: This study represents the ¿rst approach for evaluation of different HWT protocols under \n¿eld conditions. It improves the knowledge of the different steps used in the HWT process and provides valuable \ninformation about the most reliable protocol that can be used successfully in a commercial situation.
Normative and legal provision of the Zemstvo reform and reorganization of the administrative system of Subcarpathian Rus (Transcarpathia) in 1927–1938

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The article analyzes the regulatory and legal support of the Zemstvo reform and the reorganization of the administrative system of Subcarpathian Rus (Transcarpathia) in 1927–1938. It is established that the main essence of the 1927 reform in the territory of the region, as well as in the whole of Czechoslovakia, was the creation of a Zemstvo administration with the simultaneous introduction of a new administrative and territorial system. Zemsky administrations took over internal management, which was previously carried out by civil administrations of komit administrations. The model of the formation and functioning of the district administration headed by the head of the zemstvo, its relationship with the zemstvo representation, the procedure for convening the latter, the term of office, the sphere of competence, as well as the procedure for the dissolution of elected representatives. bodies of the Zemstvo representation were analyzed. The procedure for elections, the composition and procedure of activity of the Zemstvo Committee and Zemstvo Commissions have been revealed. The activity, sphere of competence and the procedure of interaction of district state administrations, district representative offices and district committees, the procedure for appointing and dismissing their leaders and the latter’s interaction with collegial bodies were analyzed. An analysis of the law No. 172/1937 «On the temporary regulation of the legal position of the governor of Subcarpathian Rus» is presented, which reveals his legal status, the governor’s classical and new powers in relation to the zemstvo representation and zemstvo committees. . It is proved that despite the actual increase in the status of the viceroy, he continued to maintain the status of a representative body, which he retained and transferred from the General Statute. Thus, the governor was not independent in decision-making, but completely dependent on the central government. The model of relations between the governor and the vice-governor is analyzed. The order of formation, sphere of competence, location of the Governor’s Council as an advisory meeting of the voivode and a body that was the centralization of state administration in Subcarpathian Rus (Transcarpathia) were revealed. It is proven that the specified law, which was supposed to be the first step towards the real autonomy of the region, became a combination of the existing internal centralized structure and autonomist ideas, or rather their replacement. Corresponding conclusions were made that the political leadership of Czechoslovakia during 1927–1938 failed or did not want to legally implement the provisions of the Constitution of the Czechoslovak Republic regarding the granting of autonomy to Subcarpathian Rus (Transcarpathia).
What Direction for Legal Reform Under Xi Jinping

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In the fall of 2014, Chinese Communist Party authorities made legal reform the focus of their annual plenum for the first time. The Fourth Plenum Decision confirmed a shift away from some of the policies of the late Hu Jintao era, but liberal reforms still remain off the table. The top-down vision of legal reform developing under Xi Jinping’s administration may have more in common with current trends in the party disciplinary apparatus or historical ones in the imperial Chinese censorate than it does with Western rule-of-law norms. This essay attempts to do three things: (1) analyze how and why China’s legal reforms have shifted over the past two decades, (2) outline the direction of reform under Xi, and (3) sketch out the institutional considerations that are likely to steer state efforts in the legal field over the coming years.
The focus-execute component of attention

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Children with Turner Syndrome (TS) (n = 61) and healthy children (n = 60), whose ages ranged from 6 to 17, were compared on the focus-execute attention measures. The focus-execute component of attention is the ability to identify salient features, and perform rapid responses under conditions of distractions (Lyon, 1994). Findings suggested that children with TS performed significantly less well on the following measures of the focus-execute component of attention: Stroop Color and Word Test (Golden, 1978) and the Trail Making Test B (Reitan & Wolfson, 1985). No differences between the groups were found on the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (Smith, 1982) and Concentration Endurance Test (Brickenkamp, 1981). The pattern of performance on the focus-execute attention measures of young and old children with TS did not differ from that of young and old healthy comparison children. In general, children with TS performed within the normative range on low but not high task demands. Karyotype of children with TS was not related to the level of performance on the focus-execute attention measures. In examining unique contributions of several potentially confounding variables (e.g., visual-spatial, motor, impulse control, and working memory) to the focus-execute attention measures, visual-spatial skills and working memory were found to account for variance in the performance on the Stroop Color condition only, indicating that the focus-execute measures used in the study were relatively not confounded. Results are discussed in the context of an integrated model of attention proposed by the present author to explain the nature of the focus-execute component of attention in children with TS. The need for establishing ecological validity of the focus-execute attention measures to assist in planning psychoeducational interventions for children with TS is suggested.
The Effectiveness Of Three Phase Technique In Teaching Reading Comprehension Viewed From Intelligence

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The aim of this Research is intended to know whether: (1) Three-Phase
Technique is more effective than conventional method for teaching reading; (2)
The reading achievement of the students with high intelligence is better than the
students with low intelligence; and (3) There is an interaction between the
technique of teaching and the degree of intelligence.
The research was conducted in SMP Negeri 5 Nganjuk. The research
method was experimental. The population of the research is the First Year
students of SMPN 5 Nganjuk in Academic Year of 2008/2009. The writer used
cluster random sampling to get the sample. The sample consists of 80 students
which are divided into two classes, VII.4 consisting 40 students as an
experimental class and VII.5 consisting of 40 students as a control class. The
instruments used to collect the data are reading test to get scores of reading
comprehension. Before the instrument was used, a tryout was done to know the
validity and reliability of the instrument. The instrument was valid and reliable
after it was try out. Then the writer analyzed the data in term of their frequency
distribution, normality, and the data homogeneity. After that, the data of reading
test was analyzed by using multifactor analysis 2x2, than followed by Tukey test
to find which group is better or which technique is more effective.
Based on the results of inferential analysis of the data, there are some
conclusions that can be drawn. (1) Three-Phase Technique is more effective than
Conventional Method for teaching reading; (2) Students having high intelligence
have better achievement in reading than students with low intelligence; (3) There
is an interaction between teaching technique and the degree of the student’s
intelligence. It can be concluded that three-phase technique is very effective
technique for improving reading ability of the seventh grade students of SMPN 5
Nganjuk. By using three-phase technique the students’ ability in comprehending
the text increases. Therefore, it is recommended that (1) it is better for teachers to
apply three phase technique in the teaching and learning process; and (2) future
researchers can conduct research on the same kind with different sample and
different students’ condition.
It is hoped that the teacher can select suitable technique for teaching reading
which is appropriate for the students having high or low intelligence. The teaching
technique used in teaching reading depends on the degree of intelligence of
students. Therefore, it is better for teachers to apply three-phase technique in the
teaching and learning process.
ENDOSCOPIC SIGNS IN THE MUCOSA DEPENDING ON THE SEVERITY OF THE COURSE IN CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

. Respiratory diseases occupy a leading place in the pathology of the respiratory system, characterized by a significant prevalence and a tendency to a recurrent course [1, 3, 10]. The problem of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is extremely relevant in modern medicine due to the widespread, impaired vital functions of the lungs and heart, leading to permanent disability and death [9, 10]. In terms of the frequency of deaths, COPD ranks 4th in the world in the age group over 45 years and this figure is growing. According to GOLD forecasts [8], by 2020 COPD will take third place as a cause of death. The economic and social damage from this disease is enormous and therefore COPD is currently considered a "social burden" [9].