jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The structural architecture of international industry networks in the global economy

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Globalisation continuously produces novel economic relationships mediated by flows of goods, services, capital, and information between countries. The activity of multinational corporations (MNCs) has become a primary driver of globalisation, shaping these relationships through vast networks of firms and their subsidiaries. Extensive empirical research has suggested that globalisation is not a singular process, and that variation in the intensity of international economic interactions can be captured by ‘multiple globalisations’, however how this differs across industry sectors has remained unclear. This paper analyses how sectoral variation in the ‘structural architecture’ of international economic relations can be understood using a combination of social network analysis (SNA) measures based on firm-subsidiary ownership linkages. Applying an approach that combines network-level measures (Density, Clustering, Degree, Assortativity) in ways yet to be explored in the spatial networks literature, a typology of four idealised international network structures is presented to allow for comparison between sectors. All sectoral networks were found to be disassortative, indicating that international networks based on intraorganisational ties are characterised by a core-periphery structure, with professional services sectors such as Banks and Insurance being the most hierarchically differentiated. Retail sector networks, including Food & Staples Retailing, are the least clustered while the two most clustered networks—Materials and Capital Goods—have also the highest average degree, evidence of their extensive globalisations. Our findings suggest that the multiple globalisations characterising international economic interactions can be better understood through the ‘structural architecture’ of sectoral variation, which result from the advantages conferred by cross-border activity within each.
Neoplastic Stomal Obstruction: A Complication of Ureterosigmoidostomy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

No AccessJournal of Urology1 Nov 1966Neoplastic Stomal Obstruction: A Complication of Ureterosigmoidostomy John A. Kozak, Wilfred E. Watkins, and William R. Jewell John A. KozakJohn A. Kozak More articles by this author , Wilfred E. WatkinsWilfred E. Watkins More articles by this author , and William R. JewellWilliam R. Jewell More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)63332-9AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail © 1966 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited ByLeadbetter G, Zickerman P and Pierce E (2018) Ureterosigmoidostomy and Carcinoma of the ColonJournal of Urology, VOL. 121, NO. 6, (732-735), Online publication date: 1-Jun-1979.Parsons C, Thomas M and Garrett R (2018) Colonic Adenocarcinoma: A Delayed Complication of UreterosigmoidostomyJournal of Urology, VOL. 118, NO. 1 Part 1, (31-34), Online publication date: 1-Jul-1977.Rivard J, Bedard A and Dionne L (2018) Colonic Neoplasms Following UreterosigmoidostomyJournal of Urology, VOL. 113, NO. 6, (781-786), Online publication date: 1-Jun-1975.Mueller C and Thornbury J (2018) Adenocarcinoma of the Colon Complicating Ureterosigmoidostomy: A Case Report and Review of the LiteratureJournal of Urology, VOL. 109, NO. 2, (225-227), Online publication date: 1-Feb-1973.Boyce W (2018) A New Concept Concerning Treatment of Exstrophy of the Bladder: 20 Years LaterJournal of Urology, VOL. 107, NO. 3, (476-489), Online publication date: 1-Mar-1972. Volume 96Issue 5November 1966Page: 691-696 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 1966 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information John A. Kozak More articles by this author Wilfred E. Watkins More articles by this author William R. Jewell More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement Loading ...
[Technique and value of digital subtraction angiography in erectile dysfunction].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Arteriography of penile arterial supply is of decisive importance in the diagnostic evaluation of arteriogenic impotence. Technique and results of penile arteriography by means of high-resolution DSA in 26 impotent men are reported. In comparison to direct serial angiography on large-scale films, high-resolution DSA with 1024(2)-matrix provides the advantages of reduced investigation-time and reduction of contrast media load. Additional detailed views in different projections can be easily obtained. In 15 of 26 patients (mean age 54.9 years) a total of 34 steno-occlusive vessel changes were found (57.7%). 65.4% showed anatomic variations. In all patients, DSA provided clear vascular diagnosis. Thus, additional large-scale serial filming never became necessary. Results are comparable to those reported by other authors. In conclusion, high-resolution DSA can completely replace large-scale serial angiography in the evaluation of penile arterial supply.
Development of Betalain Producing Callus Lines from Colored Quinoa Varieties (Chenopodium quinoa Willd)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Betalains are water-soluble plant pigments of hydrophilic nature with promising bioactive potential. Among the scarce edible sources of betalains is the grain crop quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd), with violet, red, and yellow grains being colored by these pigments. In this work, callus cultures have been developed from differently colored plant varieties. Stable callus lines exhibited color and pigment production when maintained on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with the plant growth regulators 6-benzylaminopurine (8.88 μM) and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (6.79 μM) with a reduction of the nitrogen source to 5.91 mM. Pigment analysis by HPLC-DAD and ESI-MS/MS fully describes the content of individual pigments in the cell lines and allows the first report on the pigments present in quinoa seedlings. Phyllocactin and vulgaxanthin I are described as novel pigments in the species and show the potential of C. quinoa culture lines in the production of compounds of nutritional value.
Pressure Drop of Two-Phase Flow Boiling with R-22 and R-290 in 7.6 mm Diameter Tube

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The characteristics of two-phase flow boiling of R-290 are required for replacing R-22 that has been phased-out. The present study focuses on experimental pressure drop for R-22 and R-290. The experiment was run with heat flux of 5.09 kW/m 2 to 19.03 kW/m 2 , mass flux of 114.91 kg/m 2 s to 751.74 kg/m 2 s and saturation temperature of 4.77°C to 18.12°C. The present result showed that pressure drop was affected by heat flux, mass flux and saturation temperature. Lower mass flux, heat flux and saturation temperature results in lower pressure drop. The pressure drop of R-290 is lower than that of R-22. Among the existing pressure drop prediction methods, Lokhart-Martinelli (1949) gives the best prediction for the present pressure drop data.
Analysis of the Effects of Sea Disposal on a One-Ton Container

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Excess and obsolete stocks of chemical warfare material (CWM) were sea disposed by the United States between 1919 and 1970. One-ton containers were used for bulk storage of CWM and were the largest containers sea disposed. Disposal depths ranged from 300 to 17,000 feet. Based on a Type D container assembly drawing, three independent analyses (one corrosion and two structural) were performed on the containers to address the corrosion resistance from prolonged exposure to sea water and the structural response during the descent. Corrosion predictions were made using information about corrosion rates and the disposal environment. The structural analyses employed two different finite element codes and were used to predict the buckling and material response of the container during sea disposal. The results of these investigations are summarized below. Detailed reports on each study are contained in the appendices.
DEVELOPMENTAL TIME AND HOST SELECTION BY THE APHID PARASITOID APHELINUS SP. NR. VARIPES (FOERSTER) (HYMENOPTERA: APHELINIDAE)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Developmental rates, lower developmental threshold, host selection among three species of aphid, and head capsule width were determined for the parasitoid Aphelinus sp. nr. varipes (Foerster) (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae). Aphid species used were Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko), western wheat aphid, Diuraphis tritici (Gillette), and corn leaf aphid, Rhopalosiphum maidis Fitch. Developmental rate was determined at five constant temperatures, 11.3, 14.7, 19.0, 25.7, and 30.3°C. Developmental times of the wasp were similar in Russian and western wheal aphids, ranging from 88.7 days al 11,3°C to 11.3 days at 30.3°C. Lower developmental threshold was similar in both species, 9.7°C in Russian wheat aphid and 9.4°C in western wheat aphid. Because of the low number of corn leaf aphid s parasitized, it was not possible to compute a parasitoid development threshold in that host. In the host selection test, there were no significant differences in numbers of Russian and western wheat aphids attacked; corn leaf aphid was seldom attacked. The western wheat aphid is a native species that also causes leaf-rolling; we believe it was the primary host of the parasitoid before the arrival of the Russian wheat aphid. Wasps emerging from Russian wheat aphid were consistently larger than those emerging from western wheat aphid. Mean head capsule width for 30 female wasps from Russian wheat aphid was 0.33 mm; from 30 female wasps from western wheat aphid mean head capsule width was 0.20 mm.
ChemInform Abstract: Double Diastereoselection Operative During π‐Facially Selective Addition of Chiral 1‐Cyclopentenyllithium Reagents to (7R*)‐7‐Methyl‐7‐vinylbicyclo(3.2.0)hept‐2‐en‐6‐one.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The vinylbicycloheptenone (I) is allowed to react with the cyclopentenyllithium compounds (II), (V), and (VIII), yielding the fused cyclooctenones (III) and (IV), (VI) and (VII), or (IX) and (X).
Regulation of a Novel Splice Variant of Early Growth Response 4 (EGR4-S) by HER+ Signalling and HSF1 in Breast Cancer

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The zinc finger transcription factor EGR4 has previously been identified as having a critical role in the proliferation of small cell lung cancer. Here, we have identified a novel, shortened splice variant of this transcription factor (EGR4-S) that is regulated by Heat Shock Factor-1 (HSF1). Our findings demonstrate that the shortened variant (EGR4-S) is upregulated with high EGFR, HER2, and H-Rasv12-expressing breast cell lines, and its expression is inhibited in response to HER pathway inhibitors. Protein and mRNA analyses of HER2+ human breast tumours indicated the novel EGR4-S splice variant to be preferentially expressed in tumour tissue and not detectable in patient-matched normal tissue. Knockdown of EGR4-S in the HER2-amplified breast cancer cell line SKBR3 reduced cell growth, suggesting that EGR4-S supports the growth of HER2+ tumour cells. In addition to chemical inhibitors of the HER2 pathway, EGR4-S expression was also found to be suppressed by chemical stressors and the overexpression of HSF1. Under these conditions, reduced EGR4-S levels were associated with the observed lower cell growth rate, but the augmentation of properties associated with higher metastatic potential. Taken together, these findings identify EGR4-S as a potential biomarker for HER2 pathway activation in human tumours that is regulated by HSF1.
Self‐Templating Synthesis of Hollow Co3O4 Microtube Arrays for Highly Efficient Water Electrolysis

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract In spite of recent advances in the synthesis of hollow micro/nanostructures, the fabrication of three‐dimensional electrodes on the basis of these structures remains a major challenge. Herein, we develop an electrochemical sacrificial‐template strategy to fabricate hollow Co 3 O 4 microtube arrays with hierarchical porosity. The resultant unique structures and integrated electrode configurations impart enhanced mass transfer and electron mobility, ensuring high activity and stability in catalyzing oxygen and hydrogen evolution reactions. Impressively, the apparent performance can rival that of state‐of‐the‐art noble‐metal and transition‐metal electrocatalysts. Furthermore, this bifunctional electrode can be used for highly efficient overall water splitting, even competing with the integrated performance of Pt/C and IrO 2 /C.
Analisis Debit Maksimum Pada Long Storage Sungai Serua Di Lingkungan Universitas Pembangunan Jaya

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Flood disasters are not entirely caused by natural factors but can also be caused by human behavior. So an effort is needed for flood control, one of which is by making a storage pool or by another name is long storage. The storage pool is expected to accommodate runoff discharge and reduce flooding. This flood control effort is also applied to the Serua River in the Development Pembangunan Jaya University. So with the long storage design that stretches across the Serua River, it is hoped that it can temporarily accommodate the flow of flowing water. This study aims to analyze the maximum discharge that occurs in the long storage of the Serua River, especially in the Development Pembangunan Jaya University on the 20 years, 50 years, and 100 years return period by modeling using the HEC-RAS application. The output of the HEC-RAS application shows that the Serua River cross section at the 20-year return period is able to accommodate the planned flood discharge, but at the 50-year and 100-year return periods there is a cross-section that is unable to accommodate the planned flood discharge because the flood elevation is above the embankment elevation, so it can cause flooding.
Haemangiectatic hypotrophy associated with Perthe's disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A patient is described with the vascular abnormality typical of Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber Syndrome, associated with hypotrophy of the affected leg, rather than hypertrophy, and with reduced blood How and a vascular necrosis of the femoral head (Perthe's Disease) on the same side. This case supports the idea that the abnormality of limb size results from the abnormality of blood flow. It is likely that blood flow is grossly uneven, due to AV anastamoses, and therefore measurement of total flow-is unhelpful.
Screening of Extracts from Marine Green and Brown Algae in Jeju for Potential Marine Angiotensin-I Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitory Activity

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

제주 연안에 서식하는 해양 녹조류와 갈조류의 항고혈압 활성을 알아보기 위해 해조류로부터 메탄올과 물을 이용하여 상온(20℃)과 70℃에서 각각 4가지 종류의 추출물을 제조하여 스크리닝하였다. 그 결과, 녹조류에서는 비교적 낮은 ACE 저해활성을 보였으나, 갈조류에서는 70ME 잇바디괭생이모자반, 말미역, 바위주름, 넓패, 톳, 다시마 및 70AE 감태에서 ACE 저해활성이 높게 나타났다. 또한 70AE 감태의 가수분해물은 2.33~3.56 ㎍/mL의 IC50값을 보여 매우 높은 ACE 저해활성을 확인할 수 있었다. 이는 해조류의 ACE 저해활성이 수용성 추출물뿐만 아니라 메탄올 추출물에서도 나타나는 것은 해조류 유래 fucoxanthin, phlorotannin 및 polyphenol계 화합물 등에 의한 영향도 있을 것으로 사료된다.
Corporate reputation in Brazil: do board characteristics matter?

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Purpose This paper aims to analyse the influence of board characteristics on corporate reputation. Design/methodology/approach In total, 128 Brazilian publicly traded companies from Refinitiv Eikon were analysed between 2016 and 2020. The dependent variable was corporate reputation, whereas the independent variables were board size, gender diversity, board independence and audit committee presence. Multivariate analysis was used. Findings The results presented empirical evidence that board members can impact corporate reputation. Findings showed that board size, gender diversity and independence positively influence Brazilian companies’ corporate reputation. Conversely, an audit committee had no significant impact on corporate reputation. Research limitations/implications The paper presents a contribution to the significance of board members in shaping a company's corporate reputation, using the signalling theory and the resource-based view (RBV) theory. Practical implications Regarding practical implications, this work provides subsidies for managers to value board characteristics because they directly reflect on corporate reputation and competitive advantage, leading to more sustainable performance. Social implications The research findings highlight that a diverse board encourages the organisation to improve its workforce, human rights, relations with the community and responsibility for manufactured products. Originality/value The relationship between board characteristics and corporate cooperation is poorly established in the literature. Furthermore, the results prove the RBV theory in an emerging context. Similarly, the signalling theory proved helpful in improving Brazilian firms’ corporate reputation.
Pedagogical system of information-communicative competence development of students - prospective public relations experts

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The paper discusses a pedagogical system of information-communicative competence development of students - prospective public relations experts. This competence is formed throughout the conscious human life and provides effective interpersonal and social interaction using obtained and processed information in accordance with professional tasks. The paper presents the authors’ definition of «information-communicative competence of a public relations specialist». The authors describe theoretical and methodological foundations and their qualitative conditions and synthesize a pedagogical system of information-communicative competence development of undergraduate students majoring in advertising and public relations. The authors think that the theoretical model of this system is urgent, significant and has a practical value from the point of view of its use as a methodological basis for pedagogical experiment. The authors present the results of the practical implementation of this theoretical model: a system of designed practical training in basic subjects of the curriculum; systematization and selection of existing educational technologies; training manuals, reflecting the targets of the educational system as well as the means of achieving them; a developed and tested methodology of the pedagogical experiment. The proposed criterion-diagnostic apparatus allowed the authors to make a preliminary assessment of the results and carry out the correction of the developed system to ensure maximum efficiency.
The Role of Agrotechnical Factors in Shapingthe Health of Maize Plants (<i>Zea mays</i> L.)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The article presents the results of 3-year field studies, whose purpose was to assess the impact of maize sowing method, type of cultivar and NP fertiliser sowing method on the health of maize plants.Changing weather conditions during the study years significantly differentiated the percentage of maize plants damaged by pests and affected by diseases.The positive effect of the row method of NP fertiliser application in maize cultivation not only reduced plant infestation by Fusarium diseases, but also reduced Frit fly (Oscinella frit L.) pressure.The "stay-green" hybrid was characterized by a significantly lower susceptibility to feeding of the European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis Hbn.) compared to the traditional cultivar.Sowing maize of the traditional cultivar using the direct sowing system increased damage to plants caused by Frit fry larvae (Oscinella frit L.) compared to sowing into soil cultivated in a traditional way.For the "stay-green" type, the method of soil preparation for sowing did not significantly affect the pressure of this pest.A simplified method of soil preparation for sowing maize should give preference to cultivating "stay-green" varieties.
Self-Care and Health-Information-Seeking Behaviours of Diabetic Patients in Singapore

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Patients in Singapore with chronic conditions such as diabetes are encouraged to participate in patient-professional partnership activities because of rising health care costs and a shortage of infrastructure and human resources. This study explores the self-care and health information seeking behaviors of diabetic patients in Singapore, as well as factors related to health and information carriers that might influence those behaviors. A pilot-tested online survey was developed based on the Comprehensive Model of Information Seeking (CMIS) and notified to the members of the Diabetic Society of Singapore (DSS) through their newsletter in January 2016. In total, 60 usable responses from the DSS members were collected. The survey revealed that more than 30% of the patients did not strictly follow doctors' instructions to regularly exercise, self-monitor blood sugar, and pay attention to type of food prepared at home. However, it was found that the majority of them had consciously limited their sugar intake. It was also revealed that respondents' most frequently used sources of health information were authoritative sources such as doctors/nurses and pamphlets/leaflets from hospitals/clinics. Understandably, respondents experiencing less distress caused by diabetes tended to report better health status, less worries, and stronger beliefs in the efficacy of their methods for diabetes control.
The Templeless Age: an Introduction to the History, Literature, and Theology of the ‘Exile’. By Jill Middlemas

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Pp. x, 174 , Louisville/London , Westminster John Knox Press , 2007 , $25.00. ‘Exile’ is a term that describes the experience of those Hebrews forcibly transferred to Babylon; it does not describe the experience of the people left on the land, or the refugees and voluntary expatriates in Egypt. For this reason Middlemas proposes ‘templeless age’ as a more accurate title to capture the common experience of all the children of Israel between 587 and 515 BCE. She claims it was never a question of losing belief in Yahweh; the question was whether Yahweh would choose to re-establish a relationship with the people he had abandoned. The loss and destruction of the Temple was thus not only the common experience of all Hebrews during this period, but points to the sharpest thorn of concern and anxiety. Middlemas masterfully charts the stages of shock, grief and lamentation, giving way to reflection and repentance, culminating in hope and finally renewed confidence in the perpetual love and imminent intervention of Yahweh for his people, as these are played out in the literature produced during this period. At the same time the response to this catastrophe laid the foundation for the transition from sacrificial Israelite religion to ‘Judaism’ by stressing a heightened ‘otherness’ or transcendence in Yahweh, his universal sovereignty (from ‘monolatry’ to ‘monotheism’) with a purpose explicitly embracing all nations, as well as his non-institutional and extra-sacrificial availability through prayer and obedience to the law. The Jews were poised between two alternatives: to return to the condition of their ancestors under Moses in the wilderness as their ‘true’ or God-intended state, given Yahweh's cool response to David's proposal to build a temple, or to push forward to the ‘new thing’ or ‘second covenant’ Ezekiel speaks of, searching for something ‘greater’ that Yahweh may have in mind.