jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Energetics of Hydrogen Bond Network Rearrangements in Liquid Water

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A strong temperature dependence of oxygen K-edge x-ray absorption fine structure features was observed for supercooled and normal liquid water droplets prepared from the breakup of a liquid microjet. Analysis of the data over the temperature range 251 to 288 kelvin (–22° to +15°C) yields a value of 1.5 ± 0.5 kilocalories per mole for the average thermal energy required to effect an observable rearrangement between the fully coordinated (“ice-like”) and distorted (“broken-donor”) local hydrogen-bonding configurations responsible for the pre-edge and post-edge features, respectively. This energy equals the latent heat of melting of ice with hexagonal symmetry (ice Ih) and is consistent with the distribution of hydrogen bond strengths obtained for the “overstructured” ST2 model of water.
A four-straight-line model for the proteinase-binding characteristics of human blood serum

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Kinetic evaluation of the capacity of human blood serum to form complexes with bovine trypsin generated partition profiles that may be approximated by a series of four intersecting straight lines. Such profiles are suggested to reflect the binding of trypsin to alpha 2-macroglobulin in a kinetically preferred mode (alpha-sites), followed by a subsidiary mode (beta-sites) and finally to alpha 1-antitrypsin. The form of the profile, in addition to revealing a hitherto unreported proteinase-binding capability of alpha 2-macroglobulin (beta-sites), also indicates that saturation of alpha-sites corresponds to a molar binding ratio of alpha 2-macroglobulin/trypsin of 1:2. Finally the profile provides, for certain pathological states, a clinically valuable characteristic.
Role of low dose mitomycin C in pterygium surgery

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Pterygium is a triangular sheet of fibrovascular tissue that invades the clear cornea from the bulbar con-junctiva. The prevalence of pterygium seems to be associated with geographical latitude, with moderate to high prevalence occurring within 350 above and below the equator, suggesting prolonged exposure to sunlight or UV light as a causal factor (Tan et al, 1997). Excision pterygium with bare sclera has an unacceptably high recurrence rate of 30 – 89 %. Different adjunctive treatments have been tried to reduce the recurrence. The use of postoperative beta irradiation leads to severe complications like scleral ulceration, infection and cataract; use of topical thiotepa causes depigmentation of lids. The use of mitomycin C eye drops (0.2 – 0.4 mg/ml) postoperatively has been related to serious ocular complications such as secondary glaucoma, corneal oedema, iritis, cataract and scleral infection (Cano et al, 1995). The use of conjunctival autograft also has a high recurrence rate between 5.3 – 39 % besides increased intra-operative time. A prospective randomized study was carried out in 105 consecutive eyes with primary pterygium that were surgically excised. A complete ocular examination was performed for each eye. The inclusion criteria were (1) age older than 20 years, (2) primary pterygium which invaded more than 2 mm into the cornea. The exclusion criteria were external ocular diseases such as Sjogren syndrome and ocular rosacea.
Revisiting emotional intelligence: from the realms of ancient Indian wisdom

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The achievement of modern literature of psychology can be ascribed to the back–up it has acquired, from eastern philosophies. Considering this, I revisited emotional intelligence through the realms of Vedic literature. The objectives of the study were to draw a latent structure of emotional intelligence for students. Discriminant validity was determined to ensure usefulness of the test. The findings were discussed in light of the deontological prescriptions of Srimad Bhagavad Gita. Having the consideration that emotional intelligence is a culturally sensitive construct, the study explores the same in Indian milieu.
Charismatiques et Socio-politiques dans l'Eglise catholique au Quebec

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article presents some characteristics of the charismatic and socio-political movements which can be observed in Catho licism in Québec. The authors situate the emergence of these phenomena within the historical and social context of the country since 1960. They thus elucidete the close relationship which exists between the social change and the change in the expression of beliefs. The links which charismatic and socio-political movements appear to have with the cultural evolution of Quebec are such that the authors consider these phenomena as at least as important as the official endeavours of the religious organisation to restore a certain functionality to religion in this society.
Quality Characteristics of oil Extracted from three Local Varieties of Pumpkin (yar awo, yar bahaushiya and yar madana) Seeds

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Pumpkin oil-seed bearing fruit is of economic importance to many cultures across the globe used as food. The characteristics of the oil bearing seeds ('Yar madana, 'Yar bahaushiya and 'Yar awo) were quantitatively and qualitatively analyzed. Extraction was carried out by the use of solvent extraction method. The physicochemical properties, percentage yield, extraction rate, sensory attributes of the oils were also determined. The mean values of oil yield for 'Yar awo was significantly higher in acid value, FFA, moisture content were 54.64 %, 1.96 mg KOH/ g oil, 0.982 %; than 'Yar madana pumpkin 23.63%, 3.23 mg KOH/ g oil, 1.47 %; and 'Yar bahaushiya 28.34%, 2.95 mg KOH/ g oil, 1.61% respectively. Significance difference exits (<0.05) in saponification, peroxide and iodine values for 'Yar madana variety 173.23 mg KOH/g oil, 5.50 mEq O2/g oil, 24.16 mg I2/100g; Yar Awo 197.70 mg KOH/g oil, 5.10 mEq O2/g oil, 29.28 mg I2/100g; and 'Yar bahaushiya 190.70 mg KOH/g oil, 2.00 mEq O2/g oil, 31.84 mg I2/100g. Specific gravity, refractive index, smoke point, flash point, fire point, moisture content for 'Yar madana variety were 0.92g/ml 1.44, 183.7°C, 261.9°C, 323.1°C, 'Yar Awo 0.90g/ml, 1.44, 186.4°C, 268.3°C, 318.6°C and 'Yar bahaushiya 0.94g/ml, 1.44, 183.7°C, 267.3°C, 314.4°C. The mean sensory attributes of 'Yar Awo variety was found to be most acceptable than the 'Yar madana and 'Yar bahaushiya. Low level of acid values and other properties obtained from the three local varieties of the pumpkin showed that the oil was edible.
Fluorescence Microscopy: A Technique to Study and Evaluate Spacer Fluids for Wettability Inversion

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

It is very important that the rock and casing surfaces are rendered water-wet before cementing operations take place in oil and gas wells. Failure to efficiently displace syntheticbased mud (SBM) or oil-based mud (OBM) and to water-wet the casing and rock formation can result in poor cementing performance that can lead to casing failures, non-productive time, costly squeeze jobs, and communication between zones. Previously, evaluation methods such as bottle cleaning tests, rheology and relative conductivity of fluid inversion from brine-in-oil (W/O) to oil-in-water (O/W) were used to qualify cement spacer efficiency. These tests do not provide information at the microscopic level and can be misleading, which can greatly affect the cement bonding process. Microscopic techniques were used to evaluate the ability of a spacer fluid to change the surface wettability from oil-wet to water-wet during the displacement of non-aqueous fluids (NAF). Bright-field and fluorescence microscopy were used to study the mechanism of the phase inversion from brine-in-oil to oil-in-water. This work discusses the evaluation of spacer fluid in different NAF spacer ratios and the transition from oilcontinuous to water-continuous fluids using microscopy. These results increase the understanding of spacer effects on drilling fluid contamination and are in good correlation with rheology and bottle cleaning test evaluations.
CD43 Regulation of T Cell Activation Is Not through Steric Inhibition of T Cell–APC Interactions but through an Intracellular Mechanism

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

CD43 is a large heavily glycosylated protein highly expressed on T cells and actively excluded from the immunological synapse through interactions with ezrin-radixin-moesin proteins. Due to its size and charge, it has been proposed that the CD43 ectodomain acts as a physical barrier to T cell–APC interactions. We have addressed this hypothesis by studying the effect of reconstituting CD43 mutants into the hyperproliferative CD43−/− T cells. Reintroduction of full-length CD43 reversed the CD43−/− T cell hyperproliferation. Interestingly, despite the lack of exclusion from the interaction site, a mutant containing the CD43 ectodomain on a glycosylphosphatidylinositol linkage was ineffective. Additionally, T cell–APC conjugate formation was not affected by this ectodomain-only construct. In contrast, CD43−/− T cell hyperproliferation was reversed by an intracellular-only CD43 fused to the small ectodomain of hCD16. Mutation of this intracellular-only CD43 such that it could not move from the T cell–APC contact site had no further affect on proliferation than the moveable CD43 but did dramatically reduce interleukin-2 production. Thus, the exclusion of the CD43 intracellular region from the immunological synapse is required for CD43 regulation of interleukin-2 production, but the presence of the cytoplasmic tail, independent of its location, is sufficient to reverse CD43−/− T cell hyperproliferation.
Clinical analysis of hypothyroidism in patients with rheumatoid arthritis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To evaluate the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.Methods Forty patients with rheumatoid arthritis and 40 healthy controls received routine laboratory and serologic immune examination,plus serum levels of thyroxine,triiodothyronine,free triiodothyronine and thyroxine,thyroid stimulating hormone,and autoantibodies against thyroid.The correlations in the patients with rheumatoid arthritis were analyzed between thyroid function and the level of rheumatoid factor,immunoglobulin,anti-nuclear antibody,erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein.Results Of the 40 patients with rheumatoid arthritis,7(17.5%)had evidence of thyroid dysfunction compared with 2 controls(5%).Two patients with hypothyroidism,1 with Hashimoto's thyroiditis and 4 with the euthyroid sick syndrome were found,whereas 2 of the controls had euthyroid sick syndrome.Compared to the volume of stand samples,the volume of the thyroid microsomal antibody and thyroid stimulating hormone increased,but the levels of triiodothyronine and free triiodothyronine decreased,which were significantly greater in comparison with the controls(P0.05).Thyroid dysfunction had no obvious relation with the levels of rheumatoid factor,immunoglobulin,alexin,anti-nuclear antibody,erythrocyte sedimentation rate or C-reactive protein.Conclusion Rheumatoid arthritis complicated with hypothyroidism is not rare.Correct diagnosis should be made as early as possible.
[Electrolyte abnormality and renal insufficiency in malignant lymphoma; clinical and pathological analysis in 123 cases].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The clinical studies about the electrolyte abnormality (EA) in patients with malignant lymphoma (ML) are rarely reported. We analyzed the EA and renal insufficiency in 123 patients with ML between June. 1976 and Jan. 1989; 8 patients with Hodgkin's disease, and 115 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). Before treatment, the incidence of the EA was 24.2% and hypercalcemia, hypocalcemia, and hyperkalemia were predominant. After treatment it became to 74.7% and the number of hyponatremia and hypokalemia increased. The incidence of proteinuria and renal insufficiency (serum creatinine above 1.5 mg/dl), were 7.3% and 2.4% before treatment, and became to 26.8% and 26.8% after treatment, respectively. There was a significant difference between two groups with and without the EA before treatment as for serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels (p less than 0.01), clinical stages (p less than 0.05) and the incidence of bone marrow involvement (p less than 0.01). In 34 autopsied cases, 3 cases showed massive renal involvement and about a half of cases showed various renal changes. The EA before treatment was caused by extrarenal factors, because the incidence of proteinuria and renal insufficiency were almost same to healthy controls. And renal factors play an important role on the E.A after treatment. Above results suggest that the EA before treatment indicates the progress of malignant lymphoma and the EA after treatment means not only the progress of the disease but also therapy-related renal damages.
The Western South Slavic change l > o/ a and attendant phenomena: diachronic, diatopic, terminological, and typological considerations

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Among the changes characteristic of the Western South Slavic dialect area is the weakening of syllable- and word-final ‑l > o, which is part of the many changes in phonological systems and syllabic structures that followed from the loss of weak jers. The specific outcome of ‑l > ‑o (as well as ‑a, ‑e) is focused mostly in the Štokavian and is accordingly characteristic of the Bosnian, Croatian, Montenegrin, and Serbian standard languages. It occurs also in some Kajkavian and Slovene dialects. This paper examines the processes that have led to variation. Four processes are identified following the loss of weak jers (Havlík’s law): (1) Weakening of ł to w, (2) Vocalization of w to o, (3) Assimilation of ‑ə/ao to ‑ō, ‑ā (“contraction”), (4) Intercalation of palatal glide (‑ijo/‑ija). Some discussion of the traditional term sažimanje ‘contraction’ for change (3) is offered and it is suggested that the term ‘assimilation’, which is occasionally used as a synonym, better denotes the change. \n \nZapadnojužnoslavenska promjena ‑l > ‑o/‑a i popratne pojave: dijakronijska, dijatopijska, terminološka i tipološka razmatranja \nSažetak \nPromjena ‑l > o jedna je od mnogih promjena koje su se dogodile nakon i zbog gubljenja slabih jerova i koje su imale posljedice u daljnjem razvitku fonoloških sustava i strukture sloga. Specifični rezultat ‑l > ‑o (kao i ‑a, ‑e) nalazimo uglavnom u štokavskome i u skladu s tim on je karakterističan za bosanski, hrvatski, crnogorski i srpski standardni jezik. Javlja se i u nekim kajkavskim govorima i slovenskim narječjima. Ovaj rad ispituje procese koji su doveli do varijacije. Izdvajaju se četiri procesa nakon gubitka slabih jerova (Havlíkov zakon): (1) slabljenje ł > w, (2) vokalizacija w > o, (3) asimilacija ə/ao > ō, ā (“kontrakcija”), (4) umetanje palatalnog aproksimanta (‑ijo/‑ija). Uzgredno se raspravlja o tradicionalnom izrazu sažimanje za promjenu (3) te se pokazuje da termin asimilacija, koji se povremeno koristi kao sinonim, bolje određuje promjenu.
A Sustainable Niche Market: How Does Honey Behave?

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The global honey market has witnessed constant growth over recent decades, especially in Asian regions. In recent years, the increase in export flows of this product throughout the world has raised the issue of the lack of international import standards and regulations, making trade susceptible to variables that are not only economic, but also social or political. The objective of this study is therefore to explore, using the econometric methodology of gravity models, what the determinants of the international honey trade are, both economic and socio-cultural, and to verify whether a niche market, such as the one being examined, is influenced by these covariates, in a similar manner to the main commodities of the agri-food sector, or if honey displays a unique behavior. The results show that honey market behavior is not statistically different from that of the main agri-food products already studied and that the cultural distance, introduced as a covariate, does not have a significant influence.
Tracing The Shifting Goals and Curriculum Trends in English Language Teaching (2015-2025): A Systematic Literature Review and Bibliometric Analysis

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study conducts a systematic literature review and bibliometric analysis to investigate the shifting goals and curriculum trends in English Language Teaching (ELT) from 2015 to 2025. Drawing upon a dataset of 92 articles retrieved from the Scopus database, the study identifies influential themes, key authors, dominant approaches, and emerging conceptual developments in the field. The findings reveal a major shift from traditional grammar-based instruction to communicative, reflective, and context-responsive teaching methodologies. Five primary thematic clusters are identified: instructional innovation, intercultural communication, sustainable integration, affective and psychological dimensions, and institutional reform. Furthermore, the study underscores the increasing significance of teacher professionalism, learner autonomy, and interdisciplinary approaches in shaping modern ELT curricula. Data visualization was carried out using VOSviewer, and the review process adhered to PRISMA standards to ensure methodological transparency and rigor. This comprehensive analysis offers valuable insights into how ELT has evolved in response to global educational demands and 21st-century challenges. It provides a strategic foundation for future research, curriculum development, and pedagogical innovation within the dynamic landscape of language education.
Variation in genetic variability and heritability of agronomic traits in Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) genotypes under soil acidity stress evaluated with and without lime in Ethiopia

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Fifty faba bean is a multipurpose crop used as human food, animal feed, soil fertility restoration and income source for farmers and the country at large. However, the productivity of this crop is low as constrained by biotic and abiotic factors in which soil acidity takes the lions share in the highlands of Ethiopia. In order to estimate genetic variability on grain yield and related traits under soil acidity stress, 50 faba bean genotypes were evaluated in randomized complete block design with three replications at three locations, Holetta, Watebecha Minjaro and Jeldu with and without lime application in 2017. The combined analysis of variance (ANOVA) over locations for each lime level showed the presence of significant differences among genotypes for all agronomic traits except for the number of seeds per pod. The overall mean grain yields of tested faba bean genotypes were 62.93 (without) and 93.12 g/5plants (with lime) leading a yield reductions of 32.34% were encountered due to soil acidity stress through a varied number of genotypes over locations. Computed genotypic coefficient of variations (GCV) ranged from 1.08-23.05 and 0.94-23.88% and phenotypic (PCV) from 1.20-23.26 and 1.11-24.07%, while heritability (H2) ranged from 24.63-98.22 and 35.06-98.45% and genetic advance as percent of the mean (GAM) from 2.0-47.13 and 1.64-48.89% without and with the lime application, respectively. The highest values for all components were recorded for 100 seeds weight (HSW), whereas the lowest values except for H2 were computed for days to maturity. Under both lime levels medium to high estimates of GCV, PCV, H2 and GAM were computed for HSW and the number of pod per plant and selection based on phenotypic expression of genotypes is possible to improve these traits. Selection based on mean would be successful in improving traits that have high H2. Furthermore, selection based on phenotypic performance of genotypes would be effective to improve traits that have high GAM coupled with high H2 estimates. Performances of variability components for different traits with and without lime application were performed differently and higher values were recorded with lime as optimum environments allow for better genetic expression. Hence soil acidity affects the production and variability components of faba bean. Key words: Heritability, soil acidity, variability components, with lime, without lime.
Statistical methods for high throughput genomics

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The advancement of biotechnologies has led to indispensable high-throughput techniques for biological and medical research. Microarray is applied to monitor the expression levels of thousands of genes simultaneously, while flow cytometry (FCM) offers rapid quantification of multi-parametric properties for millions of cells. In this thesis, we develop approaches based on mixture modeling to deal with the statistical issues arising from both high-throughput biological data sources. Inference about differential expression is a typical objective in analysis of gene expression data. The use of Bayesian hierarchical gamma-gamma and lognormal-normal models is popular for this type of problem. Some unrealistic assumptions, however, have been made in these frameworks. In view of this, we propose flexible forms of mixture models based on an empirical Bayes approach to extend both frameworks so as to release the unrealistic assumptions, and develop EM-type algorithms for parameter estimation. The extended frameworks have been shown to significantly reduce the false positive rate whilst maintaining a high sensitivity, and are more robust to model misspecification. FCM analysis currently relies on the sequential application of a series of manually defined 1D or 2D data filters to identify cell populations of interest. This process is time-consuming and ignores the high-dimensionality of FCM data. We reframe this as a clustering problem, and propose a robust model-based clustering approach based on t mixture models with the Box-Cox transformation for identifying cell populations. We describe an EM algorithm to simultaneously handle parameter estimation along with transformation selection and outlier identification, issues of mutual influence. Empirical studies have shown that this approach is well adapted to FCM data, in which a high abundance of outliers and asymmetric cell populations are frequently observed. Finally, in recognition of concern for an efficient automated FCM analysis platform, we have developed an R package called flowClust to automate the gating analysis with the proposed methodology. Focus during package development has been put on the computational efficiency and convenience of use at users' end. The package offers a wealth of tools to summarize and visualize features of the clustering results, and is well integrated with other FCM packages.