jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Health Care Crowds: Collective Intelligence in Public Health

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

For what purposes are crowds being implemented in health care? Which crowdsourcing methods are being used? This work begins to answer these questions by reporting the early results of a systematic literature review of 110 pieces of relevant research. The results of this exploratory research in progress reveals that collective intelligence outcomes are being generated in three broad categories of public health care; health promotion, health research, and health maintenance, using all three known forms of crowdsourcing. Stemming from this fundamental analysis, some potential implications of the research are discussed and useful future research is outlined.Prpić, J., (2015). Health Care Crowds: Collective Intelligence in Public Health. Collective Intelligence 2015. Center for the Study of Complex Systems, University of Michigan.
Exploring how the experience of tutors and the use of visual images and web-based technology enhance critical reflection in adult learners

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this research is to inquire into the experience of how tutors use visual images and web-based technology in the classroom to get students to critically reflect on their learning. In this qualitative study, I interviewed 4 tutors based at the same Further Education centre working in different disciplines to gain an insight into their pedagogical approaches and uses of visuals and web-based technology with their students. Most of the participants found that it had a positive effect on how students critically reflect on their learning. Within this research, I have applied a Freirean approach which promotes critical reflection on learning for students.
Detection of quantitative trait loci for mungbean yellow mosaic India virus (MYMIV) resistance in mungbean (<i>Vigna radiata</i> (L.) Wilczek) in India and Pakistan

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Yellow mosaic disease (YMD) is one of the major diseases affecting mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek). In this study, we report the mapping of the quantitative trait locus (QTL) for mungbean yellow mosaic India virus (MYMIV) resistance in mungbean. An F8 recombinant inbred line (RIL) mapping population was generated in Thailand from a cross between NM10-12-1 (MYMIV resistance) and KPS2 (MYMIV susceptible). One hundred and twenty-two RILs and their parents were evaluated for MYMIV resistance in infested fields in India and Pakistan. A genetic linkage map was developed for the RIL population using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Composite interval mapping identified five QTLs for MYMIV resistance: three QTLs for India (qYMIV1, qYMIV2 and qYMIV3) and two QTLs for Pakistan (qYMIV4 and qYMIV5). qYMIV1, qYMIV2, qYMIV3, qYMIV4 and qYMIV5 explained 9.33%, 10.61%, 12.55%, 21.93% and 6.24% of variation in disease responses, respectively. qYMIV1 and qYMIV4 appeared to be the same locus and were common to a major QTL for MYMIV resistance in India identified previously using a different resistant mungbean.
Inflection vs. derivation

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The abessive suffix of the Mordvin languages (Erzya and Moksha) expresses the meaning “without”. Diachronically, the suffix presents an example of a process of grammaticalization in which a derivational ending has developed into a case suffix. However, the process has not been completed, as the derivational meaning has also been maintained in both Erzya and Moksha. Consequently, in contemporary Mordvin languages the abessive form has a twofold character: it can be used both adverbially (as a case form) and adnominally (as an adjective derivation). This article investigates both the derivational and inflectional aspects of the abessive in the Mordvin languages and compares its uses with some other cases.
THE REACTIVE CHARACTERS OF THE RADICAL ANIONS SO3− AND SO4− WITH OLEFINIC COMPOUNDS

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract ESR evidence is presented that the sulfite radical anions can add to methacrylic, crotonic and fumaric acids respectively forming the corresponding secondary radicals. The reactions are compared with those of the sulfate radical anions due to Norman et al., and the difference in the distribution of unpaired electron density of each radical anion is discussed.
Immunochemical Studies with Radioactive Isotope, Similarity and Difference Between Serum Vitellin and Lipovitellin

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

With the help of radioisotope, immunochemical studies on the similarity and differences between serum vitellin and yolk lipovitellin, were made. When P32-containing serum of laying hens was used as antigen, each antiserum to the serum of laying hens (absorbed with cock serum and unabsorbed, to yolk, absorbed and unabsorbed, and to lipovitellin, absorbed and unabsorbed), precipitated 95% of the radioactivity of P32 in protein P fraction, and 50-65% in lipid P fraction. On the other hand, when P32-containing yolk solution in 10% NaCl was used as antigen, these antisera precipitated only 22-36% of radioactivity in the former fraction, and 55-80% in the latter fraction. The ratio of lipid P to protein P in the precipitates obtained with the sera of laying hens and the above described antisera was 1.1-1.6:1, and, in those obtained with yolk and the antisera was 4.5-8:1, compared with 1.6:1 for the lipovitellin used. Injection of the serum of laying hens, yolk and lipovitellin into rabbits produced antibodies which precipitated a similar lipoprotein.
[Effect of physical exercise training on graft patency after aortocoronary bypass grafting].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This study evaluated the effect of physical exercise training on graft patency after aortocoronary bypass grafting (ACBG). Patients who underwent ACBG were randomized into the training (17 patients, 43 grafts) and nontraining groups (18 patients, 45 grafts). Tissue plasminogen activator (TPA) antigen, TPA activity, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) antigen and PAI-1 activity as fibrinolysis variables, and an angiographic study were performed 2 and 26 weeks after ACBG. Plasma TPA activity increased significantly in the training group, but not in the nontraining group after 24 weeks of training. Plasma PAI-1 antigen and activity decreased significantly in the training group, while PAI-1 levels remained unchanged in the nontraining group. Grafts were patent in 93% (40 of 43) of the training group and 76% (34 of 45) of the nontraining group (p < 0.05). A high plasma concentration of PAI-1 may interfere with the natural thrombolytic process. Exercise training can decrease PAI-1 levels and increase TPA activity after ACBG. Improved fibrinolysis obtained by exercise training may have beneficial effects on graft patency.
Morphology and structural properties of nano-PZT thin films deposited on unheated substrate by RF sputtering system

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Morphology and structure of lead zirconate ceramics thin films (PZT) target were investigated. They were deposited on unheated Aluminum (Al) and silicon (Si) substrates, and then heat-treated in a tabular furnace at 200 and 400°C during 30 min in air atmosphere. Its crystallographic characteristics were determined by glancing incidences X-ray diffraction (GIXRD) analysis with Fe Kα radiation (λ=1.936A) at glancing angle of 1.5°, the micrographs of the surfaces and cross-sections of thin films were observed by using scanning electron microscopy SEM (Zeiss ultra plus) in Ultra-High resolution imaging.
What is the Impact of Demography on Higher Education Systems? A Forward-looking Approach for OECD Countries

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This chapter aims to evaluate the impact of demographic changes on the student population, on student-teacher ratios and expenditure in higher education and on the level to which the populations are educated. It shows that demographic changes are only one of the factors determining student enrolment trends, teaching staff numbers or costs in higher education. It also demonstrates that policy responses to falling student enrolments and rising enrolments in periods of expansion are often similar, albeit for sometimes different reasons. The investigation is based on forward-looking quantitative scenarios that provide a heuristic insight into these changes and their consequences, though without claiming that they can actually be forecast.
Exposure to secondhand smoke at home and at workplace in Pakistan

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

According to World Health Organization, Pakistan has a high burden of tobacco use and it comes amongst the top 15 countries which have the highest number of tobacco related ailment [1]. Because of the huge tobacco consumption secondhand smoke (SHS) is also widespread. Findings from Global Adult Tobacco Survey suggest that nonsmokers at homes (48.3%) and at workplaces (65.3%) are most vulnerable to secondhand smoke exposure [2]. The aim of this study was to have a better understanding of SHS exposure at homes and at workplace.
Media Representations of China: A Comparison ofChina DailyandFinancial Timesin Reporting on the Belt and Road Initiative

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Utilising critical discourse analysis with corpus-assisted methods of analysis, this study examines the representation of China by English-language newspapers in China versus media in the UK. The study focuses on the linguistic realisation of attitudinal meanings in news reports about the One Belt, One Road (OBOR) Initiative. A sample of news reports by China Daily and Financial Times, dated between March 2015 and March 2016, was collected. Assisted by the corpora and corpus software AntConc and ConcGram, the study first investigated themes from the headlines and key paragraphs in the corpora of China Daily and Financial Times and then compared the classification scheme of the lexis using the concordance lines of key concepts in the Belt and Road Initiative in the two corpora. It was found that China Daily, like other Chinese mainstream media, has attempted to emphasise the initiative's positive attributes and construct positive images of China as a peace-loving nation, an international cooperator, and an emerging global economic and responsible power. Images of China as represented in Financial Times are mixed and conflicting: on the one hand, China is portrayed as having a significant impact on the global economy; on the other hand, images of China as an authoritarian state, a militant and obstructive force, and a geopolitical threat prevail. The paper concludes with a recommendation that China continues to develop a locally grounded and globally minded media practice, in parallel with its renewed efforts to underline the power of Chinese culture in national development and international politics.
Nomenclatural emendations (Cirripedia, Pedunculata) involving the family-group names Priscansermarinidae Newman, 1996, Neolepadinae Newman, 1996 &amp; Zeugmatolepadidae Newman, 1996

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The family-group names Priscansermarinidae Newman, 1996, Zeugmatolepadidae Newman, 1996, and Neolepadinae Newman, 1996 were not accompanied by a description or definition when proposed, whereby, in light of Article 13.1.1 (International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature 1999), they are nomen nudum (Grygier in lit.). It is the purpose of this note to rectify this situation. To my knowledge the first two family-group names have not appeared in print since 1996 and therefore they are proposed anew herein, as Priscansermarinidae fam. nov. and Zeugmatolepadidae fam. nov. The third family-group, the subfamily Neolepadinae Newman, 1996, has since been recognized and variously defined by subsequent authors, including Buckeridge (2000) and Southward & Jones (2004), but since neither declare it a new taxon, in light of Article 16.1 it cannot be attributed to them. On the other hand, Yamaguchi et al. (2004) divided the included genera between two new family-groups, the tribes Neolepadini and Ashinkailepadini Yamaguchi, Newman & Hashimoto, 2004. Therefore, in accordance with Art. 36.1 (the Principle of Coordination), the Neolepadinae Yamaguchi, Newman & Hashimoto, 2004, as defined by Yamaguchi et al. (2004:111), is proposed, nom. trans., herein.
Monoclonal antibody and cytological detection of free malignant cells in the peritoneal cavity during resection of colorectal cancer--can monoclonal antibodies do better?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Detection of free malignant cells in the peritoneal cavity following curative resections of colorectal cancer may explain why some patients develop local or peritoneal recurrence after favourable operations. We have examined the incidence of peritoneal malignant cells using standard cytological methods and by indirect immunoperoxidase staining using monoclonal antibodies (CEA L11/285/14 and HMFG 1 and 2) in 30 patients having resection for colorectal cancer. Peritoneal washings were collected on opening the peritoneal cavity and immediately prior to closing the abdominal wall following resection. Abnormal cells were only demonstrated in 10 patients. Cytology revealed abnormal cells in seven patients (three preresection and three postresection, one patient had pre- and postresection positive cytology). Monoclonal antibody staining revealed abnormal cells in seven patients (two preresection and four postresection, one patient had both pre- and postresection positive stains). Only two patients had identical results using cytology and antibody staining. Seven of these 10 patients had hepatic metastases. The correlation between the assessment of free malignant cells using cytology and monoclonal antibody staining is poor. Long-term follow-up is required to see if 'free cells' have prognostic significance.
Uranium(VI) hybrid materials with [(UO<inf>2</inf>)<inf>3</inf>(µ<inf>3</inf>-O)(µ<inf>2</inf>-OH)<inf>3</inf>]<sup>+</sup> as the sub–building unit via uranyl–cation interactions

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

© 2016 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim The hydrothermal reaction of uranyl nitrate with 1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid (H2bdc) in the presence of strontium or potassium hydroxides and nitrates afford the formation of two new uranyl hybrid materials featuring extensive uranyl-strontium or uranyl-potassium interactions with [(UO2)3(µ3-O)(µ2-OH)3]+ as the sub-building unit. Sr1.5[(UO2)12(O)3(OH)13(bdc)4]⋅6H2O (1) contains one-dimensional (1D) uranyl oxohydroxyl ribbons made of trinuclear pentagonal bipyramidal uranyl units. The ribbons are linked together via uranyl-strontium interactions to form 2D inorganic domains which are further connected through µ4-bdc anions forming a 3D hybrid structure. This is the first reported uranyl-strontium interaction in extended hybrid solid with the shortest Sr-O−yl bond length of 2.596 (8) Å. K3[(UO2)12(O)3(OH)13(bdc)4]⋅8H2O (2) has a similar 3D hybrid structure built up through extensive K-O−yl interactions with the shortest K-O−yl bond length of 2.620 (6) Å. Raman spectroscopy has confirmed the presence of oxo-bridging (U−O−U) vibrations. Thermal stabilities and photoluminescent properties are reported.
Formal network methods in history: Why and how?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

A slightly different German translation of this paper was published as « Formale Methoden des Netzwerkanalyse in den Geschichtswissenschaften: Warum und Wie? », Österreichische Zeitschrift für Geschichtswissenschaften/Austrian Journal of Historical Studies, n° 23, 2012, p. 16-41
Statistical theory of the effects of radio location system design parameters on the positioning performance

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

This paper provides an asymptotic performance evaluation of network based or multilateral radio location estimators that use the time of arrival (TOA) and/or the angle of arrival (AOA) measurements of the signals travelling from a mobile station (MS) to a set of fixed stations (FSs) to estimate the MS’s position. The analysis is based on the Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB) and the maximum likelihood theory, and takes into account the effects of the system design parameters as well as the effects of biased measurements, which can result for example from hardware calibration errors or multipath effects, including the lack of line of sight. Explicit formulas that provide a clear relationship between the various system design parameters and the positioning accuracy are derived and discussed. Finally, the theory is verified with numerical simulations.
Successful surgical management of an aggressive IgG4-related sclerosing esophageal inflammatory pseudotumor: a case report and review of literature

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Inflammatory pseudotumor (IPT) of the esophagus is a very rare benign lesions which clinical presentation is not clear and difficult to make a definitive diagnosis preoperatively.In this report, we presented a case of a 24-year-old female with signs of severe malnutrition state due to dysphagia increasing gradually and losing 10 kg in weight for 2 months. Comprehensive preoperative radiologic investigations were proceeded with a circumferential severe stricture caused smooth submucosal swelling in the esophagus under 23 cm from the upper dental arch and two times of negative biopsy. Due to the aggressive clinical symptoms and gross lesion characteristics, the patient underwent laparoscopic-thoracoscopic esophagectomy and reconstruction with a gastric tube. Histopathological examination showed that the squamous epithelium of the esophagus had a small, benign nucleus, the submucosal layer and the smooth muscle layer increased fibrous, with infiltrating many lymphocytes, plasma cells, and macrophages. Immunohistochemical staining was negative for CD68, CD34, Desmin and ALK markers, and there was an increase in the number of IgG4-positive plasma cells. The final diagnosis was an aggressive IgG4-related sclerosing esophageal inflammatory pseudotumor.Inflammatory pseudotumor of the esophagus is an extremely rare benign lesion but could led to aggressive clinical presentation. The gold standard of diagnosis is histopathological examination of surgically removed specimens. Radical resection is still the most efficient treatment method.
Characterization and expression analysis of ascorbate peroxidase from the moss Dicranum scoparium during abiotic stresses

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Ascorbate peroxidase (APX) is an important antioxidant enzyme responsible for the conversion of H2O2 to H2O and O2. In this study, APX was studied in the widespread boreal cushion moss Dicranum scoparium. Native PAGE of crude extracts of moss thalli revealed the presence of APX isoforms in D. scoparium with a range of molecular masses. An APX complementary DNA (cDNA) gene of 771-bp length was cloned and designated as DsAPX. The cloned coding domain sequence (CDS) encoded a 256 amino acid polypeptide, and the predicted protein product was calculated to have a molecular mass of 28.4 kDa with an isoelectric point of 5.7. Several highly conserved sites important for enzyme activity were predicted using bioinformatic tools. The DsAPX protein has similarities of 91%, 78%, 67% and 66% with APX homologs from Grimmia pilifera, Physcomitrella patens, Zea mays and Nicotiana tomentosiformis, respectively. The high homology with cytosolic APX from G. pilifera strongly suggests that the cloned DsAPX gene encodes a cytosolic APX. We studied the role of APX in the tolerance of this moss to abiotic stresses. Changes in both APX activity and DsAPX gene expression, estimated using reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), showed that the gene was up-regulated in response to desiccation/rehydration, and expression was maintained during a heat stress of +50°C. By contrast, DsAPX was down-regulated by a freezing (–20°C) treatment. Results obtained extend our knowledge of the diversity of APX isoforms that occur in bryophytes and suggest that APX may be involved in the tolerance of D. scoparium to abiotic stresses.
The Evolution of the Global Stellar Mass Density at 0 < z < 3

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The build-up of stellar mass in galaxies is the consequence of their past\nstar formation and merging histories. Here we report measurements of rest-frame\noptical light and calculations of stellar mass at high redshift based on an\ninfrared-selected sample of galaxies from the Hubble Deep Field North. The\nbright envelope of rest-frame B-band galaxy luminosities is similar from 0<z<3,\nand the co-moving luminosity density is constant to within a factor of 3 over\nthat redshift range. However, galaxies at higher redshifts are bluer, and\nstellar population modeling indicates that they had significantly lower\nmass-to-light ratios than those of present-day L* galaxies. This leads to a\nglobal stellar mass density, Omega_*(z), which rises with time from z=3 to the\npresent. This measurement essentially traces the integral of the cosmic star\nformation history that has been the subject of previous investigations. 50-75%\nof the present-day stellar mass density had formed by z ~ 1, but at z ~= 2.7 we\nfind only 3-14% of today's stars were present. This increase in Omega_* with\ntime is broadly consistent with observations of the evolving global star\nformation rate once dust extinction is taken into account, but is steeper at\n1<z<3 than predicted by some recent semi-analytic models of galaxy formation.\nThe observations appear to be inconsistent with scenarios in which the bulk of\nstars in present-day galactic spheroids formed at z>>2.\n
The holistic leadership model and the nurse unit manager: assessing requisite leadership competencies in the Rwandan context

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Effective leadership is arguably one of the most relevant indicators of a profession’s advancement or lack thereof. The purpose of this article is to share the authors’ personal views on the leadership competencies necessary for the nurse unit manager transitioning into the role for the first time. To identify these leadership requisites, the literature was searched to identify key competencies and characteristics of effective nurse leaders across disciplines and specialties, both globally and unique to the African and Rwandan contexts. In the ever-changing healthcare scenario in Rwanda, the efforts and accomplishments of the Human Resources for Health (HRH) Program are described as just one catalyst for the increased numbers of new nurse unit managers. Through analysis of the literature in conjunction with personal experience, the authors recommend the Holistic Leadership Model rooted in an ethic of caring as a tool for new nurse unit managers to become effective leaders and agents of meaningful change.Keywords: Nurse; nursing practice; leadership; management; caring; competencies; holistic nursing