jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Generation of Multi-Lobe Chua Corsage Memristor and Its Neural Oscillation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The Chua corsage memristor (CCM) is considered as one of the candidates for the realization of biological neuron models due to its rich neuromorphic behaviors. In this paper, a universal model for m-lobe CCM memristor is proposed. Moreover, a novel small-signal equivalent circuit with one capacitor is derived based on the proposed model to determine the edge of chaos and obtain the zero-pole diagrams and analyze the frequency response and oscillation mechanism of the m-lobe CCM system, which are discussed in detail. In view of existence of the edge of chaos, the frequency response and the oscillation mechanism of the simplest oscillator is analysed using the proposed model. Finally, the proposed model has exhibited some essential neural oscillation, including the stable limit cycle, supercritical Hopf bifurcation, spiking and bursting oscillation. This study also reveals a previously undiscovered behavior of bursting oscillation in a CCM system.
Laparoscopically Assisted Transperineal Approach in the Management of a Giant Pelvic Lipoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Summary: Giant lipomas affecting the retroperitoneum and pelvis are quite rare. The surgical management of these lesions may be technically demanding and controversies exist with respect to diagnosis, competences being involved, type of surgical approach, radicality, and timing. A unique case presentation of a giant lipoma occupying the whole pelvis and the gluteal region is presented. Due to its size, many anatomical areas are involved, requiring the expertise of multiple specialists to treat. After multidisciplinary counseling, the lesion is radically resected in one stage by using a new videolaparoscopically assisted transperineal access to the pelvis. This type of surgical approach may be of interest for resecting pelvic tumors in women and men.
Impact of the cough stimulation system on the care burden and life quality of caregivers of tetraplegics

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Use of the CSS by cervical SCI participants results in restoration of an effective cough with significant clinical benefits. While caregiver burden is very high in primary family caregivers, they derive marked improvement in caregiver burden and quality of life with implementation of this device.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00116337.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01659541.
Mission and evangelism: evangelical and pentecostal theologies in Asia

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The church in Asia has been growing at a phenomenal rate, doubling twice in the last century. This chapter will first examine the beginnings of evangelical and pentecostal theologies up to the middle of the twentieth century; secondly their further developments over the last fifty years; and thirdly the challenges posed for understanding Christianity and mission in Asia and globally.
Exploring Phonetic Differences and Cross-Linguistic Influences: A Comparative Study of English and Mandarin Chinese Pronunciation Patterns

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Exploring the differences in phonemes and cross-linguistic influences, particularly by comparing the pronunciation patterns of English and Mandarin, is crucial for language learners. Such comparative studies can help learners better understand and overcome the pronunciation difficulties encountered during second language acquisition. English and Mandarin have significant differences in their vowel and consonant systems, tones, intonation, and syllable structures. A deep understanding of these differences allows learners to engage in targeted pronunciation training, reducing accent interference. This research provides guidance for improving language teaching methods, enabling teachers to design more effective pronunciation strategies and exercises based on the students' native language backgrounds, thus enhancing learning outcomes. Additionally, cross-linguistic studies aid in improving speech recognition and conversion technologies, achieving higher accuracy and naturalness in multilingual speech processing systems. From a cultural exchange perspective, understanding and respecting the phonetic characteristics of different languages help to enhance the effectiveness and mutual understanding in cross-cultural communication. The comparative study of English and Mandarin pronunciation patterns not only provides a theoretical foundation for language education and technological applications but also promotes effective communication in multilingual environments. This thesis uses a comparative research method to elucidate the study of English and Mandarin pronunciation patterns. It begins with an analysis of the characteristics and similarities of the pronunciation patterns in both languages. The thesis then examines the differences between English and Mandarin pronunciation patterns through four aspects: the number and complexity of vowel phonemes, types and distribution of consonant phonemes, tones and stress, and intonation and phonetic phenomena. Finally, based on the comparative analysis of the differences, the thesis offers targeted policy recommendations for learning English and Mandarin.
Telephone Appraisal of 100 Suicidal Emergencies

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
ABO*cisAB allele with unusual phenotype in a Brazilian family

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Among the alleles of the ABO system, cisAB and B(A) are the most intriguing due to their ability to encode a glycosyltransferase that can synthesize both A and B antigens. This dual activity leads to the formation of the AB phenotype, even in the presence of the O allele; resolution is achieved by molecular analyses. Case Presentation and Methods We describe herein a Brazilian family in which the mother (M42.1) of group AB and the father (M42.2) of group O have two children of group AB (M42.3 and M42.4). Serological characterization involved ABO and H phenotyping tests and serial dilution of ABO monoclonal antibodies. Characterization of ABO genotypes and alleles were performed by PCR‐RFLP and sequencing. Results and Discussion In serological tests, red blood cells from M42.1, M42.3, and M42.4 showed an intermediate reactivity pattern between A 1 B and A 2 B. Molecular analyses revealed the presence of the ABO*O.01.01 / O.01.01 genotype in M42.2 and the ABO*cisAB.05 / O.01.01 genotype in M42.1, M42.3, and M42.4. The ABO*cisAB.05 allele encodes a glycosyltransferase able to synthesize A and B antigens in quantities sufficient to cause an agglutination reaction higher than that observed in A 2 B phenotypes. Conclusion The combination of serological and molecular methods used in this study allowed us to determine the serological pattern, identify the ABO alleles, and explain the inheritance of the AB phenotype in this family.
On the Analysis of Composition Profiles in Binary Single-Phase Diffusion Couples: Systems with a Strong Compositional Dependence of the Interdiffusion Coefficient

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Diffusion couple technique is an efficient tool for the estimating the chemical diffusion coefficients. Typical experimental uncertainties of the composition profile measurements complicate a correct determination of the interdiffusion coefficients via the standard Boltzmann-Matano, Sauer-Freise or the den Broeder methods, especially for systems with a strong compositional dependence of the interdiffusion coefficient. A new approach for reliable fitting of the experimental profiles with an improved behavior at both ends of the diffusion couple is proposed and tested against the experimental data on chemical diffusion in the system Fe-Ga. An extension of the approach for reliable description of the up-hill diffusion phenomenon in multicomponent systems is presented.
Protamine nanocapsules as carriers for oral peptide delivery

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The number of peptide drugs in the industry pipelines has significantly increased in the last decades due to their high therapeutic efficacy and excellent selectivity. However, their utility has been limited due to their difficulties for crossing mucosal barriers, making it virtually impossible to deliver them by the oral route. The aim of this work was to design and develop protamine-based nanocapsules (NCs), capable of encapsulating insulin, protecting it from the harsh intestinal environment and promoting its absorption across the epithelial wall. The NCs consisted of an oily core, containing Miglyol® and sodium glycocholate (SGC), surrounded by a polymer layer made of protamine and PEG-stearate. The NCs were also provided with a double protamine/polysialic acid (PSA) layer. These polymer layers were intended to enhance the stability against intestinal degrading enzymes and to facilitate the interaction of the NCs with the epithelial mucosa.
Protamine and PSA/protamine NCs exhibited a size between 300-400 nm, with a spherical shape and the capacity to load insulin. The provision of the NCs with a PSA layer reinforced their colloidal stability in different simulated intestinal media and preserved the loaded insulin from enzymatic degradation when incubated in fed-state simulated intestinal fluid. In addition, both formulations released insulin in a controlled manner. These NCs could also be lyophilized and stored as a thermostable powder formulation up to 6 months at 25 °C, while preserving insulin stability.
The interaction of the protamine and PSA-protamine NCs with the Caco-2 cells was found to occur at the transcellular and paracellular level. The NCs were able to cross the monolayer and, simultaneously open the tight junctions between cells. Moreover, both systems interacted with the epithelium of human intestinal tissue without any cytotoxic effects. Finally, in vivo efficacy studies showed a moderate decrease (20% reduction) of blood glucose levels in non-diabetic rats. Overall, these results highlight the potential for protamine-based NCs to interact with intestinal mucosa and promote the absorption of the peptide across the intestinal epithelium.
Pheochromocytoma (PC12) Cell Response on Mechanobactericidal Titanium Surfaces

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Titanium is a biocompatible material that is frequently used for making implantable medical devices. Nanoengineering of the surface is the common method for increasing material biocompatibility, and while the nanostructured materials are well-known to represent attractive substrata for eukaryotic cells, very little information has been documented about the interaction between mammalian cells and bactericidal nanostructured surfaces. In this study, we investigated the effect of bactericidal titanium nanostructures on PC12 cell attachment and differentiation—a cell line which has become a widely used in vitro model to study neuronal differentiation. The effects of the nanostructures on the cells were then compared to effects observed when the cells were placed in contact with non-structured titanium. It was found that bactericidal nanostructured surfaces enhanced the attachment of neuron-like cells. In addition, the PC12 cells were able to differentiate on nanostructured surfaces, while the cells on non-structured surfaces were not able to do so. These promising results demonstrate the potential application of bactericidal nanostructured surfaces in biomedical applications such as cochlear and neuronal implants.
Engineering creativity - how to measure it?

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

CONTEXT Scholars have been interested in sources of creativity and the ways to enhance it for centuries. The domain of human creativity has been extensively researched for over 100 years. Nonetheless, the researchers have neither agreed on the definition of creativity nor on the proper methodologies to measure it (Lubart & Besançon, 2016; Simonton, 2016). Some scholars suggested that creativity means different things in different domains (Baer, 2016; Weisberg, 2006) and argued that the definitions and the means to measure creativity need to be domain specific. PURPOSE Establishing the definition of engineering creativity and devising the criteria and the means to assess it is of utmost importance for the development of engineers for the 21st Century. Unless engineering educators are able to accurately measure creativity skills of their students, they will be unable to establish ways to nurture creativity skills. APPROACH Research literature relevant to creativity in the domain of technology is reviewed in order to establish how creativity is defined and how it is measured in engineering. Legal grounds of patentability and patent authorship are analysed. RESULTS The following definition of creativity for the engineering profession is proposed: 'Engineering creativity is the ability to generate novel solution ideas for open-ended problems, ideas that are not obvious to experts in a particular engineering discipline and that are considered by them as potentially useful'. It is proposed to measure engineering creativity by engaging subjects in generating ideas for open-ended problems and counting (i) the number of independent ideas proposed by the subject as well as (ii) the breadth of these ideas. It has been posited that the eight dimensions of MATCEMIB (Mechanical, Acoustic, Thermal, Chemical, Electric, Magnetic, Intermolecular and Biological) is the most suitable means to 'count' the breadth of ideas.
The role of mitochondria-targeted antioxidant MitoQ in neurodegenerative disease

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The discovery of charged molecules being able to cross the mitochondrial membrane has prompted many scholars to exploit this idea to find a way of preventing or slowing down aging. In this paper, we will focus on mitochondria-targeted antioxidants, which are cationic derivatives of plastoquinone, and in particular on the mitochondria-targeted antioxidant therapy of neurodegenerative diseases. It is well known that the accumulation of amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) in mitochondria and its related mitochondrial dysfunction are critical signatures of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In another neurodegenerative disease, Parkinson’s disease (PD), the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and the production of Lewy bodies are among their pathological features. Pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease has been frequently linked to mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. Recent studies show that MitoQ, a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant, may possess therapeutic potential for Aβ-related and oxidative stress-associated neurodegenerative diseases, especially AD. Although MitoQ has been developed to the stage of clinical trials in PD, its true clinical effect still need further verification. This review aims to discuss the role of mitochondrial pathology in neurodegenerative diseases, as well as the recent development of mitochondrial targeted antioxidants as a potential treatment for these diseases by removing excess oxygen free radicals and inhibiting lipid peroxidation in order to improve mitochondrial function.
A rat model for acute limb ischemia using microsized gelatin beads

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective Acute limb ischemia (ALI) is a rapid decrease in lower limb blood flow due to acute occlusion of peripheral arteries or bypass grafts. This study aimed to establish an ALI model using microsized gelatin beads and to investigate the pathophysiological conditions. Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats were anesthetized, and a low or high dose of microsized gelatin beads was administered into the left femoral artery on days 0 and 7. A control, that is, normal saline (NS) group in which NS was administered in the left femoral artery, a femoral artery cut (FAC) group in which the left femoral artery was cut, and a sciatic nerve cut (SNC) group in which the left sciatic nerve was cut were prepared. After 21 days, the temperature changes and the muscle weights in the lower limbs were measured. To assess nerve damage, the L1–6 sympathetic ganglia were immunostained with activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) antibody. Results In the Low-dose, High-dose, and FAC groups, a decrease in temperature was predominantly observed in the left limb. In the High-dose and SNC groups, the weight of the soleus muscle and extensor digitorum longus in the left limb decreased; however, no weight changes were observed in the Low-dose and FAC groups. Conversely, the weight of the gastrocnemius muscle significantly decreased in the Low-dose, High-dose, FAC, and SNC groups. In the High-dose and SNC groups, the number of ATF3-positive cells in the sympathetic ganglia significantly increased, and in the Low-dose, a small number of ATF3-positive cells were observed. However, ATF3-positive cells were rarely observed in the FAC and NS groups. Conclusion We established an ALI rat model using microsized gelatin beads. The results of this study suggest that autonomic neuropathy in ALI is related to both muscle damage and peripheral neuropathy.
The Childhood Executive Functioning Inventory (CHEXI) Parent and Teacher Form: Factor Structure and Cognitive Correlates in Spanish-speaking Children from Argentina

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The aims of the present study were: (1) to explore the CHEXI factor structure parent (n = 183) and teacher (n = 206) forms in Spanish-speaking children aged 6 to 11 years, (2) to analyze the relationship between parent- and teacher-rated data and performance-based measures of EF (including working memory, inhibition, and cognitive flexibility tasks) and academic achievement and (3) to examine the association between parents and teachers reports. Confirmatory Factor analysis (CFA) showed that the two-factor model including (1) Working memory and (2) Inhibition best fit the data. McDonald's Omega coefficient was adequate for both the total parents (ω = .98). and teachers' (ω = .98) scales. In addition, low and selective associations were found between performance and rater-based assessments. However, stronger associations were observed between CHEXI and academic performance with differences according to the informant (parents vs. teachers). Finally, low correlations were found between parents and teachers reports. Taken together, our results suggest that the CHEXI is a reliable measure to assess EF in Argentinean Spanish-speaking children, supporting existing evidence that proposes that ratings and performance-based measures would assess different underlying mental constructs. Clinical and educational implications for considering both perspectives during neuropsychological assessment, further including parent- and teacher-rated reports are discussed.
Association between the brief inventory of neurocognitive impairment (BINI) and objective cognitive testing among persons with opioid use disorders in drug treatment

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The current study examined the association between subjective cognitive dysfunction and objective test performance in persons enrolled in drug treatment and stabilized on methadone maintenance therapy (MMT). A total of 177 participants completed the self-reported brief inventory of neurocognitive impairment (BINI) and NIH Toolbox test battery. In participants with neurocognitive dysfunction, scores on all BINI subscales were negatively associated with objective performance on the NIH Toolbox (BINI Global r = -0.26, p = 0.01; BINI Subscales ranging -0.22 to -0.32, all p's < 0.03). Using cutoff scores, results showed participants who scored above the cutoff on the BINI Learning subscale demonstrated significant evidence of objective neurocognitive dysfunction on the NIH Toolbox (65% vs. 35%; χ2 = 6.57, p = 0.02), suggesting possible clinical utility. Future studies are needed to determine the feasibility of using the BINI to inform the accommodation of patients with specific neurocognitive profiles to optimize treatment outcomes.
Development of a prototype service for the diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy based on fundus photos using artificial intelligence methods

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Justification and purpose of the study. The high social significance of diabetic retinopathy (DR), the complexity of early diagnosis and monitoring of the disease determine the urgency of developing a system for diagnosing diabetic changes in the fundus using artificial intelligence (AI) methods. The aim of the work is to build a demo prototype of a WEB service for recognizing signs of DR from fundus images using machine learning methods using the Python language and the Django framework. Materials and methods. The study used the Messidor dataset (1200 eyes), which is publicly available on the Internet and includes photos of healthy fundus (546 eyes) and fundus with pathology (654 eyes). With the help of the augmentation method, this set for the study is increased several times. The fundus image recognition system is based on the trained neural network ResNet50. The web service with a connected neural network model was developed on the Django framework. Results. The main result of the research is the development of a test prototype of a service for the diagnosis of diabetic fundus changes based on photos using machine learning tools, demonstrating the great potential of using AI to improve the effectiveness of decisions. The sensitivity of the neural network model during the diagnosis of DR, even on a small test sample and limited training time, was 85 %. Conclusion. The high efficiency and potential of AI methods in the construction of a system for automatic detection of fundus pathology in the framework of the developed in the Helmholtz National Medical Research Center of Eye Diseases automated medical decision-making system. In the future, this service can be used to improve the effectiveness of early diagnosis and monitoring of diabetic changes in the fundus in conditions of reduced availability of primary ophthalmological care in parts of the Russian Federation, including at the pre-medical stage.