jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Investigations on Grapevine Fanleaf Disease and Relationships Grapevine Fanleaf Virus (GFLV) With Vector Nematode Xiphinema spp. at Vineyards in the Trakya Region of Turkey

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Dunya’da uzum ( Vitis vinifera L.) baglarinda gorulen en onemli virus hastaligi Xiphinema nematod turleri tarafindan tasinan Grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV)’nun neden oldugu kisa bogum hastaligidir. 2013 ve 2014 yillarinda yurutulen bu calismada, Trakya Bolgesi Baglari’ndaki asmalarda ve omcalarda kisa bogum hastaligina neden olan GFLV ile bu virusun vektoru olan Xiphinema spp . nematod turlerinin yayginlik durumunun belirlenmesi, vektor nematodlar ile GFLV arasindaki iliskinin saptanmasi amaclanmistir. Arastirma ile Trakya Bolgesi’nin Tekirdag, Kirklareli ve Edirne illerinde, ilce ve koylerdeki bag alanlarinda gozlemler yapilmis ve ornekler alinmistir. 2013 ve 2014 yillarinda yapilan surveylerde, virus hastalik belirtileri gosteren omcalarin yaprak, surgun, petiol ve kambiyumlarindan ornekler toplanmistir. Ayrica hastalikli omcalarin her birinin kok bolgesinden, kilcal kokleri ile birlikte rizosferinden toprak ornekleri de olmak uzere toplam 152 adet ornegi saglanmistir. Alinan bitki doku ornekleri, Double Antibody Sandwich Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (DAS-ELISA) yontemi ile serolojik teste tabi tutulurken; toprak orneklerine morfolojik ve morfometrik olcumler yapilarak, toprak bunyesindeki nematod turleri saptanmistir. DAS-ELISA testi sonucu elde edilen bulgulara gore, 152 adet yaprak ve doku orneginin 35 adedi, GFLV ile enfekteli olarak saptanmistir. GFLV ile enfekteli olarak saptanan omcalarin 9 adedinin toprak orneginde Xiphinema index , yine GFLV enfekteli 13 omcanin toprak orneginde ise Xiphinema pachtaicum nematod turu tanilanmistir. Ote yandan GFLV ile enfekteli 13 omcanin kok bolgelerinde ise herhangi bir Xiphinema turune rastlanmamistir. GFLV saptanan omcalara virusun asili bag fidani uretimi esnasinda bulasmis olabilecegi gibi budamalarda mekanik inokulasyonla ya da hatali fidan seciminden kaynaklanmis olabilecegi dusunulmektedir. Survey yapilan bag alanlarinda X. pachtaicum ’un baskin oldugu saptanmis olup enfekteli omcalarin kok bolgesinde tek basina bulunmasi bu nematod turunun de GFLV vektoru olabilecegini dusundurmektedir.
A ‘Glocal’ Approach to Developing Treatments for Malignant Brain Tumors

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

グローバル化が進む現代とはいえ世界が均一化したわけではなく, ローカルな特色・強みを生かした研究が世界に貢献する可能性は依然高く, つまり “グローカル” な研究開発の重要性は高い. 悪性脳腫瘍の基礎・臨床研究においても, これまで日本はその強みを生かして人材を輩出しつつ世界に貢献してきており, 一連の胚細胞性腫瘍に関する研究や, 転移性脳腫瘍に対する定位手術的照射のエビデンス創出もその例であろう. 現在も, 日本ならではの研究開発が数々行われており, 成功裏にそれらを世界に発信できることが期待される. 一方で, 日本の研究者を取り巻く環境は厳しさを増しており, 能力を十分発揮できるような研究環境の整備は急務である.
Advances in 17-allylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

17-allylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin (17-AAG) is a heat shock protein 90 ( HSP90) inhibitor. It is capable of target-inhibiting tumor-derived HSP90, leading to the depletion of on-cogenic client proteins which play key roles in several signal transduction pathways. Then cell growth and differetiation are inhibited. 17-AAG results in cytostasis and apoptosis. A lot of trials have indicated that 17-AAG is a selective target drug for cancer therapy. It can efficiently inhibit multiple signal transduction pathways involved in tumor cell proliferation and survival. Clinical phaseⅠand phaseⅡtrials have shown that 17-AAG has good pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic profile. Moreover, it can combine with radiation and the traditional chemotherapeutics and increase the therapeutic efficacy.
The Relationship Between Vocational Rehabilitation Professional’s Interactions With Businesses and Employment Outcomes for Consumers Who Are Blind or Visually Impaired

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to determine if there is an association between how vocational rehabilitation (VR) counselors and business relations (BR) staff interact with employers and employment outcomes for consumers who are blind or visually impaired. To determine how VR professionals interact with employers, a survey was conducted that included measures of their use of the Business Relations Model (BRM) and of three blindness-specific techniques with businesses believed to be effective based on prior research. These measures were averaged across agencies and combined with Rehabilitation Services Administration’s case service report (RSA-911) data to determine their association with consumer employment outcomes, utilizing multilevel modeling. How staff reported interacting with employers was associated with the agency’s employment outcomes for consumers. The more counselors reported they used practices consistent with the BRM approach, the more likely their agency’s consumers were to achieve employment. The more BR staff used the blindness-specific techniques, the more likely their agency’s consumers were to achieve employment. Training in the areas of interacting with businesses (for counselors) and blindness and assistive technology (for BR staff) would be beneficial for many people in these positions.
Synthesis of Cu(II) complex with schiff bases derived from aryl-S-benzyildithiocarbazate: Antimicrobial activity and in silico biological properties evaluations

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

This study reported the synthesis of the new ligands, 3,4-methylenedioxybenzyl-S-benzyldithiocarbazate (L1), p-chloro-benzyl-S-benzyldithiocarbazate (L2) and 2,6-dichlorobenzyl-S-benzyldithiocarbazate (L3). These three schiff base type ligands were respectively obtained by means of the reaction of 3,4-methylenedioxybenzaldehyde, p-chlorobenzaldehyde and 2,6-dichlorobenzaldehyde with S-benzyldithiocarbazate, at molar ratio 1:1. The respective Cu(II) complex C1, C2 and C3 were synthesized by the reaction of L1, L2 or L3, with CuCl2.2H2O, at molar ratio 1:1. The chemical identification of ligands and respective complexes was established through spectroscopic data (FT-IR, UV-Vis and 1H NMR). The ligand and complexes were subjected to in vitro radial diffusion assays against the gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli and gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and the fungus Candida albicans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, with good results for some of these compounds. Due to its promising antimicrobial property, complex C1 was subjected to EPR analyses aiming to establish its conformational structure. The prediction of biological activities of ligands and complexes were evaluated through the simulation carried out in silico using the web tools PASSonline and ChemMapper. Key words: Aryl-S-benzyldithiocarbazate, Cu(II) complexes, antimicrobial activity, PASSonline, ChemMapper
The Communicative Construction of Reality and Sequential Analysis. A Personal Reminiscence

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper presents a historical view of the emergence of what is known as the communicative paradigm. Through a personal reminiscence of his long career, Thomas Luckmann entangles the main sources of what was a radical shift of the role of language and communication in the humanities and social sciences. In doing so, Luckmann shows that the epistemological and ontological assumptions on which the contemporary study of social interaction and communicative processes rely were practically non-existent half a century ago. While sociology and linguistics seemed to exist in separate universes during Luckmann’s student days, a dialogical approach to language and social life eventually appeared — for example, in ethnomethodology, conversational analysis and French structuralism — and laid the foundation to the (today taken for granted) idea that social realities are the result of human activities. Human social reality and the worldview that motivates and guides interaction are mainly constructed in communicative processes. If social reality is constructed in communicative interaction our most reliable knowledge of that reality comes from reconstructions of these processes. Such reconstructions have been greatly facilitated by technological innovation, such as tape— and video-recorder, which, alongside theoretical advancements, may explain the timing of the communicative turn. Finally, this paper marks the benefits of sequential analysis in enabling us to trace step-by-step the processes by which social reality is constructed and reconstructed.
[Inflammatory aneurysms of the subrenal aorta. Histopathological, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Inflammatory abdominal aneurysms (AIAA) represent a clearly defined clinical entity with an incidence ranging between 1.2% and 15%. In spite of the increasing number of observations reported in recent years, the etiopatholgenesis and natural history have not been defined. The lesion can present in an acute, subacute or chronic manner and the histopathological studies reveal prevalently two components: an inflammatory infiltrate and a diffuse fibrosis, in varying degree. This study aimed to analyze the more recent imaging procedures in order to correctly diagnose this lesion. In our experience the incidence of AIAA is about 2.5%. On the basis of macro microscopic pictures the authors divided patients into two groups: one constituted by the acute or subacute inflammatory forms, the other by chronic clear inflammatory aneurysms. All patients underwent on operative treatment. The surgical adopted techniques and the obtained results are reported.
Screwworms, Cochliomyia hominivorax, reared for mass release do not carry and spread foot-and-mouth disease virus and classical swine fever virus

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Experiments were done to determine if transporting live screwworms Cochliomyia hominivorax Coquerel (Diptera: Calliphoridae) for developing new strains from countries where foot-and-mouth disease and classical swine fever are endemic, to the mass rearing facilities in Mexico and Panama, may introduce these exotic diseases into these countries. Are screwworms capable of harboring and spreading foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) and classical swine fever virus (CSFV) when they are grown in virus-inoculated larval rearing medium? In one experiment, screwworm larvae were reared in a FMDV-inoculated artificial medium containing either 0.1% formaldehyde. In each experiment, samples of larvae and the rearing media were collected daily until pupation occurred. The presence of FMDV was assayed by observing cytopathic effects on cell cultures and a conventional reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR); CSFV was assayed using an avidin-biotin complex assay and a conventional RT-PCR. For media containing these antibiotics, FMDV was detected in a larval sample collected on day 1 and in media samples on days 1, 2, and 3. No FMDV was detected from larval and media samples collected on all other days. For media containing formaldehyde, FMDV and CSFV were not detectable in larval or media samples collected on all sampling days. These results indicate that FMDV and CSFV cannot survive in rearing medium containing formaldehyde as an antimicrobial agent. Therefore, insects collected in the endemic regions and reared using formaldehyde-containing medium for at least on generation at the collection site should be free of FMDV and CSFV and can be transported safely to a strain development/ mass rearing facility.
Sclerosing cholangitis associated with autoimmune hemolytic anemia and hyperthyroidism.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A patient presented with autoimmune hemolytic anemia and sclerosing cholangitis. Six years later he was found to be hyperthyroid. Although sclerosing cholangitis has been associated with other autoimmune disorders, it has not been reported in association with either autoimmune hemolytic anemia or hyperthyroidism. Sclerosing cholangitis is a chronic fibrosing inflammatory disease process which may include parts or all of the biliary tree including the gallbladder. Although this disorder has been reported to occur with a variety of autoimmune disorders, it has not been previously associated with autoimmune hemolytic anemia and hyperthyroidism.
Thermal characteristics of TAB for small systems

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The thermal effects of natural or forced convection cooling, component placement, and circuit and card orientation are discussed for tape automated bonding (TAB) components in a steady-state operating condition. Included is the effect of locating the low-profile TAB module in the downstream wake of larger surface-mount or pin-grid array components. Experimental data are presented which demonstrate the power limitations of the TAB components for parameters that encompass machine configurations ranging from personal computer workstations to midsize mainframes. The results of the study provide an indication of the thermal limitations of the TAB structure and present initial ground rules that should be incorporated into the placement of a TAB component for optimum thermal performance.< >
[Transpyloric alimentation in a neonatal pathology center].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In the Neonatal Pathology Center of Pontecorvo Hospital the Authors have made use of A.E.C. (continuous enteral alimentation) or transpyloric technique according Cheek, Staub and Minoli, in order to control its advantages published in literature. Eight newborn infants (six males and two females), hospitalized from may the 1st/1979 to april 30/1980, have been studied: their middle weight at the birth was ounces 66,62, the middle G.A. 32,62 weeks; five newborn infants of them were affected by R.D.S., two of them by M.I.P. and only one was affected by microcephaly with convulsive syndrome. No decease and no stressing complication happened; only in three of them (37,75%) the Authors decided to stop the feeding for 24 hours, because they had biliary vomitings. It's very necessary to feed them with human milk or, at least, with modified milk at low osmolarity; the feeding characteristics are suggested and particular cares must be taken as said in the instructions. Finally, in consideration of the good results obtained, the Authors affirme that even in the suburban hospitals the A.E.C. can be utilized recommending its use.
The Stochasticity Parameter of Quadratic Residues

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Following V. I. Arnold, we define the stochasticity parameter $S(U)$ of a subset $U$ of ${\mathbb {Z}}/M{\mathbb {Z}}$ to be the sum of squares of the consecutive distances between elements of $U$. In this paper, we study the stochasticity parameter of the set $R_{M}$ of quadratic residues modulo $M$. We present a method that allows to find the asymptotics of $S(R_{M})$ for a set of $M$ of positive density. In particular, we obtain the following two corollaries. Denote by $s(k)=s(k,{\mathbb {Z}}/M{\mathbb {Z}})$ the average value of $S(U)$ over all subsets $U\subseteq {\mathbb {Z}}/M{\mathbb {Z}}$ of size $k$, which can be thought of as the stochasticity parameter of a random set of size $k$. Let ${\mathfrak {S}}(R_{M})=S(R_{M})/s(|R_{M}|)$. We show that (a) $\varliminf _{M\to \infty }{\mathfrak {S}}(R_{M})&lt;1&lt;\varlimsup _{M\to \infty }{\mathfrak {S}}(R_{M})$; (b) the set $\{ M\in {\mathbb {N}}: {\mathfrak {S}}(R_{M})&lt;1 \}$ has positive lower density.
Karyotype Analysis and Ploidy Determination Using Flow Cytometry in African Bitter Milk Plant “Utazi”, <i>Gongronema latifolium</i> Benth

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Availability of basic genetic information on a plant species is the first pre-requisite in designing any genetic improvement programme for the species. This study was therefore carried out to determine the karyotype of Gongronema latifolium to obtain basic knowledge on ploidy level and karyotype as a first step in understanding the genetics of this spice plant. Karyotype and flow cytometry (FCM) studies were carried out on 4 accessions of G. latifolium collected from the humid forest vegetation in Abia, Akwa Ibom, Cross River and Imo States of Nigeria. Chromosome number of Abia accessions were 2n=20 and 22 with karyotype formulae, 3m+4sm+2a+1t and 2m+4sm+2a+3t, respectively; Akwa Ibom accessions, 2n=18 with formula: 3m+5sm+1a; Cross River accessions, 2n=18 and 22 with formulae: 2m+4sm+2a+1t and 3m+4sm+3a+1t, respectively; Imo accessions, 2x=22 and 24 with formulae: 1m+5sm+3a+2t and 2m+7sm+2a+1t, respectively. Results obtained revealed cytotype variation and the occurrence of 4 cytotypes, 2n=18, 20, 22 and 24. We therefore conclude that G. latifolium is a diploid species with variable basic numbers. Four basic numbers, n=9, 10, 11 and 12, were therefore proposed for G. latifolium. FCM showed the presence of 2C and 4C DNA content and provided evidence for endoreduplication, a likely evolutionary survival mechanism in this climbing vegetable plant species. This is the first report of karyotype analysis in Gongronema latifolium, an important indigenous African vegetable spice plant with huge medicinal value.
Contamination in Bone Substitute Materials: A Systematic Review

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Objective: Bone augmentation has become a significant practice in various areas of bone regeneration dentistry. This systematic review analyzes the research focused on evaluating bone substitute materials for the presence of contaminants. Methods: In June 2024, an extensive electronic search was conducted using renowned databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus. Specific keywords employed in the search included ((bone AND (substitute) AND (remnants OR (purity)) OR ((graft AND tooth) AND (remnants OR purity)) OR ((graft AND dentin) AND (remnants OR purity)). The search adhered to the PRISMA protocol and the PICO framework. The review concentrated on the origin of bone substitute materials, the processing methods used for these materials, techniques for assessing purity, and types of contamination identified. A total of 594 articles were identified of which 22 met the criteria and were incorporated into the review. Results: Investigations into allogeneic and xenogeneic bone substitute materials have revealed that, despite manufacturers’ assurances of purity, some materials still contain contaminants. Sample analyses demonstrated the presence of donor cellular remains, cellular debris, intertrabecular fat, connective tissue, and collagen. Similarly, synthetically produced bone substitute materials (alloplastic materials) contained various impurities, such as polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), CaO phases, calcium-deficient HAp phases, oily substances containing carbon and silicone, cellulose derivatives, alpha-tricalcium phosphate (α-TCP), and heavy metals. Conclusions: Bone-derived and bone-like graft materials can contain various organic and inorganic impurities.
Estrogen Receptor β: An Overview and Update

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The discovery of a second estrogen receptor (ER), designated ERβ (NR3A2), has redefined our knowledge about the mechanisms underlying cellular signaling by estrogens and has broad implications for our understanding of regulation of estrogen-responsive tissues. Highly variable and even contrasting effects of estrogens in different tissues seem to be at least partially explained by different estrogen signaling pathways, involving ERα (NR3A1) and/or ERβ. To date, two key conclusions can be drawn from the significant body of work carried out on the specific roles of the two receptor subtypes in diverse estrogen target tissues. First, ERα and ERβ have different biological functions, as indicated by their specific expression patterns and the distinct phenotypes observed in ERα and ERβ knockout (αERKO and βERKO) mice. Second, ERα and ERβ appear to have overlapping but also unique sets of downstream target genes, as judged from a set of microarray experiments. Thus, ERα and ERβ have different transcriptional activities in certain ligand, cell-type, and promoter contexts, which may help to explain some of the major differences in their tissue-specific biological actions. The phenotypes observed for βERKO mice have suggested certain therapeutic areas to be further explored. The development of ERβ-selective ligands active in animal disease models indicates new avenues for clinical exploration. ERβ agonists are being explored and validated as drugs for a growing number of indications. Hopefully, some ERβ targeted drugs will prove to be efficient in enhancing human health.
[Histomorphological feature of silicotic nodules under Warthin-Starry silver staining and its possible prompt value in the histopathologic examination].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

WS staining is better than HE staining in showing the dust particles of silicotic nodules, which appear characteristically black, especially in the fibrous ones. Together the TEM observation and X-RSA, the silicotic nodules may be prompted.
Is Commercial Arbitration an Alternative to Investment Treaty Arbitration in Light of the Increasing Aversion against BITs and ISDS?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The aim of this contribution is to analyse the question whether commercial arbitration is a better alternative to investment treaty arbitration. This question has become very pertinent and urgent because investment treaty arbitration is under increasing pressure from various sides. Indeed, the pressure is apparently so high that the European Commission is pushing to replace the classic ISDS system with the proposed international court system (ICS), which has already become a reality in CETA and the EU-Vietnam FTA. Moreover, some EU Member States have started to terminate some of their investment treaties (in particular intra-EU BITs). Most importantly, the European Commission’s intervention in preventing the execution of the Micula-award against Romania illustrates the general aversion against ISDS within the EU. Given this hostile environment against arbitration based on BITs, the question arises whether commercial arbitration could be a better alternative than investment treaty arbitration? This question will be answered by way of a comparing the recent developments in the Conoco v Venezuela, an ICSID case, and the parallel separate ICC case brought by a pair of Conoco subsidiaries against PdVsa, the state oil company of Venezuela. The conclusion based on this example is that commercial arbitration may be the better option for investors – at least in this case.
Goethe’s morphological method and its contribution in teaching and learning process

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Goethe's morphological method is still little discussed in the sciences and education, despite its potential to contribute to such disciplines. From the observation of nature, Goethe developed his method based on the interaction between the subject and the object, in which observation and experience played a central role. The Goethian method proposed, then, other possibilities which were being established at the time, challenging a vision of mechanistic and utilitarian nature. These possibilities took effect until contemporary times. The mechanistic view of nature generated problems experienced in the scientific, economic, socio-cultural, environmental, and educational spheres.From this scope, this article aims to explain Goethe's morphological method and point out its possible contributions to education. To this end, a bibliographic survey of the scientific works of Goethe and authors who dedicated themselves to understanding the Goethian method was carried out, in order to establish the guidelines of his method. Since Goethe's method proposes changes in the way of experiencing phenomena and content, it can, in this way, assist in the educational process. Therefore, we understand that Goethe's morphological method contributes to changes in the process of teaching and learning by proposing a participatory role for the subject in this discourse. The sessions in this article sought to develop such an understanding.