jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Bioinformatic analysis of molecular mechanisms underlying the aortic valvular dysfunction in diabetes

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aortic valve disease (AVD) and diabetes are global health issues in aging populations. Diabetes is not only a risk factor for AVD but also accelerates its progression, resulting in reduced prognosis and premature degeneration of aortic valves. Unfortunately, there are limited pharmacological treatments for AVD, and the costly and invasive valve replacement remains the main option. Thus, understanding the unique mechanisms linking AVD and diabetes is vital to develop new therapeutic strategies for prevention or delay of disease progression. Valvular endothelial cells (VECs) play a critical role in maintaining valve homeostasis and normal interactions with circulating blood cells. We hypothesize that the communication between monocytes and VECs in early diabetic conditions triggers phenotypic and molecular changes in both cell types, leading to altered endothelial integrity. RNA-seq analysis of VECs interacted for 2h with monocytes in high glucose (HG) revealed over 3000 DEGs (p-adj<0.05) associated with pathways like focal adhesion, tight junction, adherens junction, CAMs, regulation of actin cytoskeleton, ECM-receptor interaction, and leukocyte transendothelial migration. Further investigation demonstrated increased permeability and impaired adhesion of VECs to various ECM substrates under HG conditions. Transcriptome analysis of monocytes interacted with VECs in HG conditions showed activation of inflammatory pathways like TLR, NF-kB, JAK-STAT, and TNF signaling pathways, as well as increased expression of cell adhesion molecules and chemokines. These findings suggest that cellular interaction under diabetic conditions induces molecular changes, altering endothelial integrity and promoting an inflammatory profile of monocytes. Understanding these early mechanisms could help to discover new therapeutic targets suitable for the prevention or treatment of AVD in diabetic patients.
Voltage sag and harmonic analysis in distribution network

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, voltage sag and voltage Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) in the distribution network are studied. The proposed electrical network is modeled by electrical source, Line and source impedances. It is assumed that the electrical load of this network is a sample electronic load. This load is a rectifier bridge where its output terminal is connected to a capacitor bank and a linear resistance. The distribution network power quality is analyzed by changing the load impedance, the capacitor bank and number of load in the network. The Voltage sag and THD in the distribution network are studied using PSCAD and MATLAB software.
Analysis of the shipping industry’s insurance claims record

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The objective of this research is to analyze the trend of marine insurance claims and identify and examine the major causes that contribute towards the never-ending patterns of marine insurance claims. The shipping industry plays an important role in the world with numerous stakeholders involved. However, with the inevitability of risk and unpredictability of the high seas, the shipping industry requires effective risk management through marine insurance coverage. With the trend of claims proving to be a strong obstacle, the shipping industry have had to absorb the increments in premiums which then navigates its way through the overall operating costs and jeopardizing its basic principles of low cost efficiencies. Contrasting the annual trends and views from industry professionals, there were noteworthy causes of marine insurance claims, i.e. human error, ship failure and piracy. Despite the shipping industry being a people system, human error accounts for a majority of the claims, thus proving to be a victim of its own failures. Piracy is fast catching onto the bandwagon with the news being overwhelmed by hijack cases and the inability of the international authorities to put a stop to it.
Antibacterial activity and spectroscopic characteristics of silver nanoparticles synthesized via plant and in vitro leaf-derived callus extracts of Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we describe the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using plant extracts, as well as their structural, optical, and antibacterial activities against Escherichia coli and Bacillus velezensis bacteria. For the study, several sections (root, leaves, and seed) of Mucuna pruriens, an immense medicinal herbal used to treat Parkinson's disease, were evaluated. Also, the seeds were grown in-vitro in the modified Murashige and Skoog's medium and the leaf derived callus supplemented by different phytohormones like picloram (pic), thidiazuron (TDZ), 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and 2-isopentenyl adenine (2-iP) were selected for this study. This is the first report of distinct callus obtained from M. pruriens and used for green nanoparticle synthesis. The prepared materials were thoroughly evaluated for structural and optical properties using XRD, FTIR, and UV-Visible spectroscopy. During synthesis, the colour changes from colourless to reddish brown, and the existence of an SPR peak in the absorption spectra confirms the formation of AgNPs. The FTIR spectra reveals the presence of phenolic group and alkyl ether groups, which were responsible for the reduction of silver ions during the green synthesis. The aqueous extracts of plant parts and callus obtained from different hormones showed very poor antibacterial activity. However, the green synthesized nanoparticles fabricated by different plant extracts showed good antimicrobial activity towards E. coli and B. velezensis bacteria. amongst the investigated results, highest antimicrobial activity against E. coli (84.8%) and B. velezensis (78.1%) was shown by AgNPs mediated by leaf extracts respectively followed by 0.5 mg/L pic and 2.0 mg/L BAP callus mediated silver nanoparticle solution. According to the findings, green produced AgNPs are promising candidates for antibacterial applications against E. coli and B. velezensis.
RESEARCH ARTICLE Genome-Wide Association Study of Grain Appearance and Milling Quality in a Worldwide Collection of Indica Rice

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Grain appearance quality and milling quality are the main determinants of market value of rice. Breeding for improved grain quality is a major objective of rice breeding worldwide. Identification of genes/QTL controlling quality traits is the prerequisite for increasing breed-ing efficiency through marker-assisted selection. Here, we reported a genome-wide associ-ation study in indica rice to identify QTL associated with 10 appearance and milling quality related traits, including grain length, grain width, grain length to width ratio, grain thickness, thousand grain weight, degree of endosperm chalkiness, percentage of grains with chalki-ness, brown rice rate, milled rice rate and head milled rice rate. A diversity panel consisting of 272 indica accessions collected worldwide was evaluated in four locations including Hangzhou, Jingzhou, Sanya and Shenzhen representing indica rice production environ-ments in China and genotyped using genotyping-by-sequencing and Diversity Arrays Tech-nology based on next-generation sequencing technique called DArTseq™. A wide range of variation was observed for all traits in all environments. A total of 16 different association analysis models were compared to determine the best model for each trait-environment
Database application for psychological survey

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The student’s final year project was made up of 2 major parts. First part consists of the literature review of the Schema Therapy, which the student was tasked to understand. There were 18 Schemas, 3 different coping styles, what causes them and why it happened. The second part consists of developing a system to educate parents on how Schemas come about, the Core Needs that ought to be met, the different possible scenarios of origin and the responses of people afflicted with different Schema in a relationship. Parents could understand the importance of providing their children with their Core Needs by going through the different possible scenarios that could impact their children’s life and avoid it as a whole. The second part aims to provide the user with a graphical user interaction and also to store their information in a database for future references. They system was to be developed using Adobe Flash CS 5.5 Professional and the system is separated into two different languages, English and Chinese. This would appeal to the mass as not all Chinese national would understand English and the Chinese made up 74.1% of the nation’s total population This report demonstrates the challenges in implementing the database through PHP languages and Microsoft Access database with SQL as well as setting up a local web server to simulate hosting the system on World Wide Web.
Obliq-3D: a high-level, fast-turnaround 3D animation system

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Describes Obliq-3D, a high-level, fast-turnaround system for building 3D animations. Obliq-3D consists of an interpreted language that is embedded into a 3D animation library. This library is based on a few simple, yet powerful constructs that allow programmers to describe 3D scenes and animations of such scenes. By virtue of its interpretive nature, Obliq-3D provides a fast-turnaround environment. The combination of simplicity and fast turnaround allows programmers to construct nontrivial animations quickly and easily. The paper is divided into three major parts. The first part introduces the basic concepts of Obliq-3D, using a series of graduated examples. The second part shows how the system can be used to implement cone trees. The third part develops a complete animation of Dijkstra's (1959) shortest-path algorithm.< >
Characterizing Polymer bound PAG Type EUV Resist

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Blurs, swelling properties and lithographic performance for polymer bound PAG and polymer PAG blended type resists were studied. A Blur strongly depends on PAG size and the polymer bound PAG type resist reduces the Blur. The Blur for the polymer bound PAG type resist is smaller than that for ZEP (non CAR). The fact indicates that polymer bound PAG should reduce secondary electron diffusion. The polymer bound PAG type resist acquires very small Blur with higher sensitivity and suppresses swelling very well, therefore polymer bound PAG is one of the promising technologies that improve resolution, LWR and sensitivity (RLS) property. RLS property on EUV exposure tool is significantly improved by using the polymer bound PAG type resist. Resolution reaches 24 nmhp and is limited by pattern collapse and line breaking. Further lithographic experiments on EB exposure tool which has higher NILS than EUV exposure tool are carried out in order to make clear relation between Blur and resolution. The resolution of the polymer bound PAG type resist reaches 17.5 nmhp with 35 nm thickness and there is possibility that the resolution of an optimized polymer bound PAG type resist reaches under 15 nmhp. The resolution of the resist with lower capillary force (C.F.) given and lower swelling and on higher NILS exposure tool strongly depends on the Blur.
Joint Management of Shared Resources, Issues and Conflicts of the Nso and Oku Tribes in the Ngongbaa Montane Forest Area, NWR of Cameroon

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Wherever people live together in or near homelands that harbour joint natural resources such as forest, water, minerals, oil etc., they must collaborate, co-exist and share these resources irrespective of their genetic, social, cultural, and political peculiarities. This is not always the case when self-interest, ethnic divisions, elitist politics, economic interest and power tussle set in. The Nso and Oku people who reside in the Ngongbaa Forest area constitute an example of joint management of resources where at one period, their relationship over the management of the Oku Mountain Forest was cordial and at another, the relationship became conflictive. This study was designed to study the influence of the KIFP forest management policies on the Nso indigenous forest Management system in Ngongbaa Forest, and its implications. The data collected for the study was secured through the administration of a questionnaire to residents of 10 villages adjacent to the Ngongbaa Forest, and forest users who carried out livelihood activities there between 1963 and 2015. These forest user groups include beekeepers, rat trappers, grazers, mushroom gatherers, ground honey/tree honey harvesters, carvers, etc. The investigation also extended to the traditional leaders of Nso and Oku who are in charge of the land tenure systems. The findings show that the Oku Mountain Forest is jointly owned by the Nso and Oku people. The Nso own the eastern half of the forest known as Ngongbaa Forest while the Oku own the western half, known as the Kilum Forest. The cordial relationship that existed between these people ensured the conservation of the forest. But the conflicts that later set in, especially due to the creation of the Kilum Mountain Forest Project in 1987 later changed to the Kilum Ijim Forest Project (KIFP) in 1992 sidelined the local communities which was contrary to the dispositions of the new Cameroon forest law enacted in 1994. Thus, the indigenous conservation practices became ignored which the local population never digested well. This seriously jeopardized the wellbeing of the forest in general.
Cell Walls of Lipid-Rich Microalgae: A Comprehensive Review on Characterisation, Ultrastructure, and Enzymatic Disruption

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Certain microalgae species have gained traction in the biofuel and food/feed sectors due to their ability to accumulate large amounts of intracellular lipids. However, the extraction of lipids from microalgae is hindered by the presence of complex and recalcitrant cell walls that act as a barrier to mass transfer. This paper examines the intricate details of microalgae cell walls of species belonging to three genera—Nannochloropsis, Scenedesmus, and Schizochytrium—known for their high total lipid contents and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid contents, thus having dual potential for both biofuel and food/feed application. An overview of the techniques used to analyse the cell walls, followed by a detailed description of the cell wall architecture of the three genera and the growth conditions that affect the ultrastructure and composition of their cell walls, is presented. Since cell wall disruption is a crucial step in recovering intracellular products from microalgae biomass, different cell-disruption technologies are also reviewed, focusing specifically on approaches that can be applied directly to wet biomass without the need for biomass drying, thus exerting a low-energy footprint. Enzymatic treatment is operated under mild conditions and offers a promising wet route for targeted recovery of intracellular products from microalgae with minimal side reactions and risk of product degradation. The high cost of enzymes can be mitigated by reducing enzyme requirements through the adoption of a minimal design approach that uses the cell wall composition as the basis to direct enzyme choice and dosage. Different enzyme-recycling and immobilisation strategies to reduce enzyme requirements and improve commercial scalability are also reviewed. Finally, the paper provides a summary of the current state-of-the-art in direct biological approaches using algicidal bacteria and fungi to achieve cell disruption. Overall, the paper provides a roadmap for a more efficient cell disruption of microalgae.
Drought at Fukuoka, from the viewpoint of potential evapo-transpiration

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Some agro-meteorological investigations on drought were made from the viewpoint of precipitation, but the most important factor, which has influence on drought damage, is the soil moisture storage of the field.The author estimated the potential evapo-transpiration from the monthly mean temperature, and calculated the water balance at Fukuoka. Some results of the calculation were shown in Table 1.Water deficient occures in June, July, August and September, and it does not occure in the other monthes (see Table 2-5). The amount of precipitation has the greatest influence on the water deficient, and the effect of the potential evapo-transpiration is not so great. The effect of the soil moisture storage of the previous month is not negligible. August is the most dangerous month of drought, among 66 years, water deficient is recognised in 16 years and in the other 19 years, the soil moisture storage decreases for want of precipitation. July comes after August.When the water deficient is recognised, it suffers from drought. Table 6. shows the remarkable drought damage in Fukuoka Prefecture, and the soil moisture storage and water deficient at Fukuoka.Generally speaking, water deficient is useful as the index of drought, but they correspond not exactly. Because (1) Water requirement of plant differs with its growth stage, (2) Calculation of water balance was made in monthly data.
Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries: 3D Vertically Aligned and Interconnected Porous Carbon Nanosheets as Sulfur Immobilizers for High Performance Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries (Adv. Energy Mater. 12/2016)

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

An integrated 3D vertically aligned and interconnected porous carbon nanosheets with large macrovoid and mesoporous channels is fabricated in article number 1502518 by Yanglong Hou and co-workers. The developed hybrid is used as an innovative cathode material to demonstrate the effect of physical adsorption of soluble polysulfides and enhance the electrochemical performance of lithium sulfur batteries (LSBs).
Cavernous Hemangioma of the Tympanic Membrane

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Cavernous hemangioma seems to most frequently arise in the posterior portion of the external auditory canal. However, they rarely occur in the tympanic membrane. A 49-year-old male patient was referred for evaluation of right-sided pulsatile tinnitus that he'd experienced for the previous 2 years. Temporal bone computerized tomography showed an isolated soft tissue mass just lateral to the tympanic membrane. There was no evidence of bony erosion or middle ear invasion. The patient underwent excision of the mass using a postauricular approach. The mass was removed en bloc and the defect of the tympanic membrane was repaired by tympanoplasty type I. There was no recurrence after 1 year of follow-up.
The impact of real exchange rate fluctations on employment and wages in eighteen different manufacturing industries in the United States: An error correction model approach analysis

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This dissertation discusses the effects of exchange rate volatility on wages and \nemployment in 18 different U.S. manufacturing industries with an error correction model \napproach. Innovative from prior research, this research project is more industry-specific. \nThe implication of exchange rate fluctuations for the labor market is indeterminate. \nOn one hand, domestic currency depreciation facilitates a firm’s exports and thus \nincreases its wages and employment; on the other hand, currency depreciation increases a \nfirm’s cost of production and generates loss of its profitability. Thus, a firm will \nexperience an expansion or a contraction due to the currency depreciation. \nPrevious studies have investigated the effect of exchange rate volatility on industry \nwages and employment by using the aggregate trade-weighted real exchange rate \nindexes— i.e., the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System’s broad real \nexchange rates and the real effective exchange rates. Because the real exchange rate \nindexes consider the entire U.S. trade shares, they are not specific enough to study this \neffect on each different industry. In order to remedy this weakness, this dissertation \ninstead uses the trade-weighted industry-specific real exchange rate index to study this \nissue. This type of real exchange rate takes each trade partner of the United States in a \nspecific sector into account; thus this study has a more precise analysis and more robust \nresults than previous studies. \nIn addition, this dissertation is the first study to construct the trade-weighted \nindustry-specific real interest rate differentials and confirm the mean-reverting property \nof the differentials. This finding suggests that trade weights in each sector affect a firm’s profit in holding a currency. Further, this dissertation computes a new type of real \nexchange rate based on the trade-weighted industry-specific real interest differentials and \nexplains how an industry’s wages and employment are affected by exchange rate \nmovements when using this new type of exchange rate. \nEmpirical results of this dissertation show that movements of the two types of tradeweighted \nindustry-specific real exchange rates have a significant effect on employment \nand real wages, and the response differs quantitatively and qualitatively across industries. \nIn particular, this effect is found in some of the lower markup and higher markup \nindustries, which indicates that an industry’s pricing power in the market appears to \nweakly affect its growth rates of employment and wages when facing an exchange rate \nshock. Moreover, some of these industries generate positive responses on wages when \nexperiencing unforeseen real dollar depreciation, which reflects the fact that wage growth \nhas been closely related to exchange rate movements since the 1980s.
Research on Effect of Oil Film Inertia on Piston Skirt by Iteration Method

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The influence of oil film inertia on piston skirt lubrication in a high speed engine is investigated by an iteration method that alternately solves the Navier-Stocks equations and the Reynolds equation by finite element method and difference method. The Reynolds lubrication equation including oil film inertia is developed, in which the inertia coefficient is introduced to investigate the effect of oil film inertia. The iteration procedure and finite formulation of solving the new Reynolds lubrication equation are given to analyze the effect of oil film on piston skirt in this kind of engine. The calculation results show that the oil film inertia has some effects on the friction force, pressure force and load capacity of oil film and its effect is obvious for the last. The Reynolds lubrication equation proposed can be also used to analyze the lubrication performance of the piston skirt in low or medium speed engine and some other lubrication problems generally excluding oil film inertia with the inertia coefficient being set at zero.