jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
in Ramond-Ramond plane-wave background

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We present a gauge invariant action for a superstring in the plane wave background with Ramond-Ramond (RR) five-form flux. The Wess-Zumino term is given explicitly in a bilinear form of the left invariant currents by introducing a fermionic center to define the nondegenerate group metric. The reparametrization invariance generators, whose combinations are conformal generators, and fermionic constraints, half of which generate κ-symmetry, are obtained. Equations of motion are obtained in conformal invariant and background covariant manners. PACS: 11.30.Pb;11.17.+y;11.25.-w Recently the plane wave solution with the Ramond-Ramond (RR) 5-form flux was found as a maximally supersymmetric type IIB supergravity solution [1] in addition to the Minkowski flat and the AdS5×S 5 spaces, based on studies of the plane wave solutions with the 4-form flux in the 11-dimensional supergravity [2]. The Penrose’s limiting procedure
[Relative analysis of platelet activation with bleeding risk in patients with primary immune thrombocytopenia].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: To study the relationship between platelet activation and the degree of bleeding in patients with primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) . Methods: 43 patients with ITP were assessed based on ITP-BAT bleeding grading system. Platelet membrane glycoproteins (GP) Ⅰb, GPⅡb/Ⅲa and P-selectin expression were detected by flow cytometry analysis with and without adenosine diphosphate (ADP) stimulation. Association of platelet activation with platelet count, immature platelet fraction (IPF) , bleeding severity were evaluated. Results: GPⅡb/Ⅲa and P-selection expressions on unstimulated platelet in ITP patients were higher than those in healthy controls (65.69±10.73 vs 7.16±0.99, t=4.130, P<0.001; 15.43±1.41 vs 12.55±1.03, t=2.070, P=0.043, respectively) , and GPⅠb expression was lower than that in healthy controls (240.11±24.93 vs 295.11±22.15, t=2.417, P=0.020) . Comparatively to healthy individuals, following ADP stimulation, GPⅡb/Ⅲa expression in ITP patients increased (133.96±12.17 vs 39.67±4.99, t=5.256, P<0.001) , whereas GPⅠb and P-selection expressions decreased (37.09±3.94 vs 109.77±23.66, t=3.901, P<0.001; 149.06±19.14 vs 205.73±21.00, t=2.070, P=0.043, respectively) . ADP-stimulated GPⅠb, ADP-stimulated and unstimulated P-selection, proportion of GPⅠb, P-selection levels with/without ADP stimulation were significantly associated with platelet counts (P<0.05) . ADP-stimulated P-selection and proportion of P-selection levels with/without ADP stimulation were significantly associated with IPF (P<0.05) . There were significant differences in the expressions of unstimulated P-selection, ADP-stimulated P-selection, ADP-stimulated GPⅠb stratified by bleeding grades (P<0.05) . The ratios of P-selection, GPⅡb/Ⅲa and GPⅠb with/without ADP stimulation in ITP patients were significantly different among various bleeding grades (P<0.05) . Higher proportion of GPⅠb with/without ADP stimulation was associated with higher risk of bleeding (OR=3.05, P=0.011) . Lower proportion of GPⅡb/Ⅲa and P-selection with/without ADP was associated with higher risk of bleeding (OR=0.32, P=0.023; OR=0.04, P=0.006, respectively) . Conclusion: Platelet activation index could accurately assess the degree of bleeding in patients with ITP, and also be used as the observation index and reference index for treatment.
Management of Multidrug-Resistant CMV Infection in Immunocompromised Patients: Case Report of a Heart-Transplant Recipient and Review of the Literature

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) remains a leading cause of morbidity after solid organ transplantation. The efficiency of antivirals for the treatment of CMV infections may be hampered because of the emergence of CMV resistance to antivirals. The development of CMV multidrug resistance, which remains uncommon but does occur, constitutes a clinically challenging complication and may contribute to difficult therapeutic management and adverse clinical outcome. We report here the observation of the emergence of a multidrug-resistant CMV infection in a heart-transplant recipient and review the literature on similar cases to identify the potential strategies for the successful management of CMV multidrug resistance among immunocompromised patients.
Depressive Disorders and Incidence of COVID-19: Is There a Correlation and Management Interference?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Corona virus Disease-2019 is a new strain of Coronaviruses (COVID-19) causing an infection which has rapidly spread all over the Globe, where the primary pathways of infection spreading reported to be through large respiratory droplets and the disease severity has varied from mild self-limiting flu like illness to acute pneumonia, respiratory collapse and death. On the other hand, depression is a disease that could be progress to a life-threatening condition that affects globally hundreds of millions of people. The aim of this review is desired to investigate and find a correlation between depressive disorders and the incidence of COVID19, where, pathogeneses of depressive disorder and its effect on the immunity system was addressed, besides the impact of depression on individual food intake and its complications regarding weight gain, insulin resistance, and immune system disruption was also discussed which by turn might increase the risk for infection with COVID-19. Finally, the possible drug-drug interactions between drugs included in management protocols of both depressive disorder including antidepressants and anxiolytics and COVID19 with possible proposed alternatives.
Newborn Screening: Current Status in Alberta, Canada

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Newborn screening (NBS) in Alberta is delivered by a number of government and health service entities who work together to provide newborn screening to infants born in Alberta, the Northwest Territories, and the Kitikmeot region of the Nunavut territory. The Alberta panel screens for 21 disorders (16 metabolic, two endocrine, cystic fibrosis, severe combined immunodeficiency, and sickle cell disease). NBS is a standard of care, but is not mandatory. NBS performance is monitored by the Alberta Newborn Metabolic Screening (NMS) Program and NMS Laboratory, who strive for continuous quality improvement. Performance analysis found that over 99% of registered infants in Alberta received a newborn screen and over 98% of these infants received a screen result within 10 days of age.
Multibody simulation of adhesion pili

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We present a coarse grained rigid multibody model of a subunit assembled helix-like polymer, e.g., adhesion pili expressed by bacteria, that is capable of describing the polymers force-extension response. With building blocks representing individual subunits the model appropriately describes the complex behavior of pili expressed by the gram-negative uropathogenic Escherichia coli bacteria under the action of an external force. Numerical simulations show that the dynamics of the model, which include both the effects of unwinding and rewinding, are in good quantitative agreement with the characteristic force-extension response as observed experimentally for type 1 and P pili. By tuning the model, it is also possible to reproduce the force-extension response in the presence of anti-shaft antibodies, which dramatically changes the mechanical properties. Thus, the model and the results in this work give enhanced understanding of how a pilus unwinds under action of external forces and provide new perspective of the complex bacterial adhesion processes.
Find Out What "The Meaning Of Life" Means To Women Who Have Breast Cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The goal of this study was to determine the extent to which women's lives after breast cancer treatment had been fulfilled with purpose and served as a solid foundation for their mental health. Their respective mean scores on the meaning of life and social support were 29.5 and 7.49. The social support score and perceived meaning of life exhibited no statistically significant relationships with any of the demographic factors, according to the ANOVA findings. Additionally, the results point to a statistically significant relationship (r = 0.773, P 0.001) between social support and life's purpose. To enhance cancer patients' quality of life, it is suggested that the family's degree of social support be increased.
Effects of sialic acid digestion on abnormal immunoglobulin (IgG lambda) which inactivates serum LDH.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

In the present case, LDH enzyme was bound to IgG to form a complex. The LDH-IgG (lambda) complex became macromolecular and showed a marked decrease in the enzymatic activity. This inhibitory effect on LDH was apparently caused by the so-called abnormal IgG that inactivated the H(B)-and M(A)-subunits of LDH. It was suggested that the IgG modified by sialic acid was involved in the LDH inactivation.
Assessment of serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D level as a predictor of disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

To identify the major challenges faced by bone marrow donor registries in India.HLA typing, using the Sequence specific oligonucliotide probe (SSOP) Luminex-xMap technology, was performed for all 18,000 donors. Haplotype analysis was performed using the Arlequin software.In a cohort of 18,000 donors only 19% patients could find a donor at 10/10 low resolution level. The chances of finding a donor at high resolution 10/10 level is even less. The major challenges faced are lack of awareness, patient's economic status, unavailability of unrelated matched donors, lack of funding for function of registry and high donor dropout rates.As cost is a major challenge, we need to strive to increase donor pool and also take major steps to decrease the donor dropout rates by increasingly motivating potential donors and trying to help them overcome any myth or fear from donating stem cells.
A prominent large high-density lipoprotein at birth enriched in apolipoprotein C-I identifies a new group of infancts of lower birth weight and younger gestational age

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Because low birth weight is associated with adverse cardiovascular risk and death in adults, lipoprotein heterogeneity at birth was studied. A prominent, large high-density lipoprotein (HDL) subclass enriched in apolipoprotein C-I (apoC-I) was found in 19 percent of infants, who had significantly lower birth weights and younger gestational ages and distinctly different lipoprotein profiles than infants with undetectable, possible or probable amounts of apoC-I-enriched HDL. An elevated amount of an apoC-I-enriched HDL identifies a new group of low birth weight infants.
Inactivation of the streptococcal erythrogenic toxin B gene (speB) in Streptococcus pyogenes

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Streptococcal proteinase precursor (SPP) is a zymogen secreted by Streptococcus pyogenes that becomes activated to a cysteine proteinase. SPP has been shown to be immunologically identical to streptococcal erythrogenic toxin B (SPE B), and sequence comparison has shown a high degree of homology between the two proteins. In this study, we have constructed a speB mutant strain of S. pyogenes by insertional inactivation. An internal fragment of the cloned speB gene in plasmid pCR1000 was replaced with an erythromycin resistance determinant, and the recombinant plasmid was introduced into strain NZ131 by electrotransformation. Following the selection of erythromycin-resistant clones, Southern hybridization experiments confirmed the presence of the recombinant plasmid containing the erm gene in the chromosome of the resistant strains. Analysis of extracellular proteins produced by the wild-type and speB mutant strains by Ouchterlony immunodiffusion and isoelectric focusing revealed the presence of SPE B in the wild-type strain but not the speB mutant. Additionally, SPP, which has an isoelectric focusing pattern similar to that of SPE B and reacts with SPE B antiserum, was not detected among the extracellular proteins of the speB mutant strain. Proteinase activity as assayed by two different methods was present in the extracellular proteins produced by the wild-type strain, but the speB mutant strain had no extracellular proteinase activity. The mutant strain had a growth rate similar to that of the wild-type strain and produced normal levels of other extracellular products, suggesting that proteinase was not essential for viability as previously suggested. Our data are consistent with the view that a single gene (speB) produces a single protein that has been identified and/or assayed as either SPE B or SPP.
Original Article Accidental renal injury by an external heating device during surgery in rats

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Hypothermia can be caused by anaesthesia and/or surgery and represents a daily challenge in the operating room. Experimental animal surgery settings typically use heating pads or warming blankets to maintain the rodent’s body temperature during long-lasting experiments. Warming is crucial in small animal experiments because these animals quickly lose temperature due to their large body surface to body weight ratio. While establishing a left ventricular infarction model in rats, we inserted a rectal temperature probe. The heating pad’s set point was 378C. Although a dual set point control circuit should prevent overheating, we observed a maximum heating pad’s surface temperature of 438C between the animal’s back and the surface of the heating pad. At the end of the experiments, which lasted up to 8 h, the animals showed severe haematuria and segmental kidney damage. We hypothesized that overheating of the heating pad and uneven distribution of temperature led to kidney damage. Therefore, the maximal temperature of commonly used heating pads must be tightly controlled to avoid overheating, which may cause kidney or tissue injury, may falsify the experimental data and could influence the study results.
Effects of Organic Carbon Source and Nitrogen Source on Biomass Accumulation of <i>Chlorella</i> sp.1067

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract. Chlorella sp. has the ability of mixotrophs, and the optimization of its culture medium has significant effect on growth. This paper investigated the effects of organic carbon source and nitrogen source on the accumulated biomass of Chlorella sp. 1067. In order to select the optimal organic carbon source, nitrogen source, and concentration combination; then concluded a regression equation of the effect on dry weight. It aimed at analyzing the mixotrophic growth of Chlorella 1067, and laying the foundation for further study of the relationship between autotrophic and heterotrophic. The results showed that glucose was the best organic carbon source to promote the accumulated biomass efficiently while carbamide was the optimal nitrogen source. In addition, the interaction of organic carbon source and nitrogen source has been studied. The experiment investigated the combined effect of glucose and carbamide on dry weight, and concluded the regression equation. The optimal solution was 50 mmol/L glucose and 35.4 mmol/L carbamide. In this case, the maximum theoretical value of dry weight could be up to 0.726 g/L.
Using of Intraoperative Cell Salvage and Tranexamic Acid as Protective Factor for Postoperative Anemia Appearance in Patients with Total Hip or Knee Arthroplasty

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

(1) Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate intraoperative pharmacological and nonpharmacological methods and techniques in reducing blood loss in patients following total hip or knee arthroplasty. (2) Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted in patients undergoing TKA or THA surgery, electively performed at the General Hospital Valjevo, Valjevo, Serbia, in 2014 when the principles of patient blood management (PBM) were not applied at all or in part, and in 2019 when PBM principles were applied as standard. (3) Results: This study includes 197 patients, of whom 83.8% developed postoperative anemia (PA defined by haemoglobin < 12 g/dL in both sexes). Using multivariate logistic regression and ROC curve analysis, it was shown that the use of tranexamic acid (TXA) with intraoperative cell salvage (ICS) in patients without preoperative anemia reduced the incidence of PA (odds ratio = 0.081). (4) Conclusions: Preoperative diagnosis and treatment of anemia are necessary in orthopedic patients since the use of TXA with ICS strongly reduces PA in patients without preoperative anemia.
Experimental Performance exploration of Parabolic Trough Solar Collector with Solar Tracking System

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

The investment of the solar energy needs to be specific mechanism represent by using concentrates solar operating principle of solar radiation falling assembled on the ground and focus on the part that is intended to benefit from it ,depending on the purpose or goal of the design , and in the current study , the objective of study is 1- Heat the water 2- Study the thermal performance of the solar collector To achieve the objective of the study was the study of manufactured parabola system to collect sun's rays at the center of the solar collector. For obtaining, a highest thermal energy utilized to raise temperature of water. Depending on the purpose of the study the measurement were carried out and the accounts in winter season at (January) & summer season at (May) at the University of Tikrit as site. Where they were manufacturing pickup Cylindrical Trough Solar Collectors (PTSC) length (2.4m) and a width (0.8m) and area (1.92〖 m〗^2) was packing bow inverter radiation (Aluminum Foil) to increase the reflected rays on the absorber tube was installed on the base of animations of iron and equipped with control works to track the movement of the sun by using automatic sensor tied at the top of the solar collector, In these study used Two kind of Absorbent tube, length (2.4m). 1-The Absorbent tube made of copper outer diameter (0.03m) and internal (0.028m) painted in black color. 2- The copper tube dyed in black and coated by glass tube outer diameter (0.036 m) and internal (0.034 m) vacuumed from the air. Also we use a tank capacity (80L) for storage of the hot water. Lasted experiments in winter season at (January) & summer season at (May) using one values of mass flow rate (m° = 0.02Kg / sec) The results showed that the efficiency of the system and useful thermal energy that have been obtained using evacuated glass tube were higher than those obtained from the tube copper and proportionate directly proportional to the mass flow rate of the water and the amount solar radiation falling on the surface of the earth and that the higher efficiency of the system (46.68%).
Design of 3D-printed cranioplasty moulds using Neural Network

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Cranioplasty is surgical repair of a skull bone defect due to a previous surgery or injury. Cranioplasty is most often performed with autologous bone flap, i.e the patient's own saved bone from previous surgery if this is available. If autologous bone is not available then custom procedure is to manually mould an implant using bone cement from the plastic polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA). Manually moulding implants during surgery has, albeit being a clinical routine, disadvantages and therefore Skåne University Hospital have developed a technique to 3D print patient-specific cranioplasty moulds based on a computed tomography (CT) scan of the skull bone. The shape of the mould is created by a combination of manual design process, mirroring and interpolation. This partly limits the technique to unilateral defects and the method can be tricky and time consuming for complicated cases. The purpose of the thesis was to develop a method based on a neural network to reconstruct missing parts of the skull bone and overcome the limitations with the current mirroring method when designing implants or moulds for cranioplasty. The process included developing a method to extract data from CT images for training of the neural networks. During the process numerous neural network structures and models were developed and evaluated with the best performing network being a convolutional autoencoder with skip connections. The network was trained with data from a total of 240 patients with simulated defects. The results of the network shows that it is able to handle both unilateral and bilateral defects with a mean error of 1.07mm. In comparison to the currently used method it performed as well or even better in some cases. Overall the developed method showed good enough results for it to be implemented as clinical routine.
Plant architecture and foliar senescence impact the race between wheat growth and Zymoseptoria tritici epidemics

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Background and Aims\nIn order to optimize crop management in innovative agricultural production systems, it is crucial to better understand how plant disease epidemics develop and what factors influence them. This study explores how canopy growth, its spatial organization and leaf senescence impact Zymoseptoria tritici epidemics.\n\nMethods\nWe used the Septo3D model, an epidemic model of Septoria tritici blotch (STB) coupled with a 3-D virtual wheat structural plant model (SPM). The model was calibrated and evaluated against field experimental data. Sensitivity analyses were performed on the model to explore how wheat plant traits impact the interaction between wheat growth and Z. tritici epidemics.\n\nKey Results\nThe model reproduces consistently the effects of crop architecture and weather on STB progress on the upper leaves. Model sensitivity analyses show that the effects of plant traits on epidemics depended on weather conditions. The simulations confirm the known effect of increased stem height and stem elongation rate on limiting STB progress on upper leaves. Strikingly, the timing of leaf senescence is one of the most influential traits on simulated STB epidemics. When the green life span duration of leaves is reduced by early senescence, epidemics are strongly reduced.\n\nConclusions\nWe introduce the notion of a ‘race’ for the colonization of emerging healthy host tissue between the growing canopy and the developing epidemics. This race is 2-fold: (1) an upward race at the canopy scale where STB must catch the newly emerging leaves before they grow away from the spore sources; and (2) a local race at the leaf scale where STB must use the resources of its host before it is caught by leaf apical senescence. The results shed new light on the importance of dynamic interactions between host and pathogen.