jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Toward a Rational Pharmacotherapy for Aggressive and Violent Behavior

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

A substantial body of research with both animals and humans demonstrates that pharmacologic modulation of three neurotransmitter systems (the GABAergic, the noradrenergic, and the serotonergic) and electrical stimulation of regions of the brain produce marked alterations in aggressive and violent behavior. The author reviews this research and uses case reports to illustrate how it has been applied in the development of a rational pharmacotherapy for violent patients. Four basic principles of clinical application that can enhance trials of pharmacologic treatment of the violent patient are identified. Evidence suggests that behavioral and social learning approaches to the treatment of violence can be more effective when administered after the patient has been stabilized through pharmacologic interventions.
[Estimate of the total number of HIV-infected subjects in the Federal Republic of Germany based on data from the AIDS Center].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

On the basis of an analysis of the data from the mandatory reporting of detected HIV infections and the reports to the central AIDS case registry an attempt is made to determine the total number of HIV infected individuals in the FRG. Results of surveys of testing behaviour in different risk groups were included in the calculations. For the calculation different estimates were used as to the total number of detected HIV infections, distribution of infections and percentage of detected infections in different risk groups. Depending on the estimates chosen a "best case" calculation yields 29,515 and the "worst case" calculation 81,949 HIV infected persons at the end of 1990. A synoptic analysis by the AIDS Center of the Federal Health Office resulted in an estimate of 50,000 to 60,000 HIV infected individuals in the FRG which is well between the "best" and "worst case" estimates.
Microbial Synthesis of Human-Hormone Melatonin at Gram Scales

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Melatonin is a commercially attractive tryptophan-derived hormone. Here we describe a bioprocess for the production of melatonin using Escherichia coli to high titers. The first engineered strain produced 0.13 g/L of melatonin from tryptophan under fed-batch fermentation conditions. A 4-fold improvement on melatonin titer was further achieved by (1) protein engineering of rate-limiting tryptophan hydroxylase to improve 5-hydroxytryptophan biosynthesis and (2) chromosomal integration of aromatic-amino-acid decarboxylase to limit byproduct formation and to minimize gene toxicity to the host cell. Fermentation optimization improved melatonin titer by an additional 2-fold. Deletion of yddG, a tryptophan exporter, exhibited an additive beneficial effect. The final engineered strain produced ∼2.0 g/L of melatonin with tryptophan supplemented externally and ∼1.0 g/L with glucose as the sole carbon source for tryptophan supply. This study lays the foundation for further developing a commercial melatonin-producing E. coli strain.
The role of photochemical quenching and antioxidants in photoprotection of Deschampsia antarctica

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Deschampsia antarctica Desv. (Poaceae) is the only grass that grows in the maritime Antarctic. Constant low temperatures and episodes of high light are typical conditions during the growing season at this latitude. These factors enhance the formation of active oxygen species and may cause photoinhibition. Therefore, an efficient mechanism of energy dissipation and / or scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS) would contribute to survival in this harsh environment. In this paper, non-acclimated and cold-acclimated D. antarctica were subjected to high light and / or low temperature for 24 h. The contribution of non-photochemical dissipation of excitation light energy and the activities of detoxifying enzymes in the development of resistance to chilling induced photoinhibition were studied by monitoring PSII fluorescence, total soluble antioxidants, and pigments contents and measuring variations in activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD; EC 1.15.1.1), ascorbate peroxidase (APX; EC 1.11.1.11), and glutathione reductase (GR; EC 1.6.4.2). The photochemical efficiency of PSII, measured as Fv / Fm, and the yield of PSII electron transport (FPSII) both decreased under high light and low temperatures. In contrast, photochemical quenching (qP) in both non-acclimated and cold-acclimated plants remained relatively constant (approximately 0.8) in high-light-treated plants. Unexpectedly, qP was lower (0.55) in cold-acclimated plants exposed to 4°C and low light intensity. Activity of SOD in cold-acclimated plants treated with high light at low temperature showed a sharp peak 2–4 h after the beginning of the experiment. In cold-acclimated plants APX remained high with all treatments. Activity of GR decreased in cold-acclimated plants. Compared with other plants, D. antarctica exhibited high levels of SOD and APX activity. Pigment analyses show that the xanthophyll cycle is operative in this plant. We propose that photochemical quenching and particularly the high level of antioxidants help D. antarctica to resist photoinhibitory conditions. The relatively high antioxidant capacity of D. antarctica may be a determinant for its survival in the harsh Antarctic environment.
www.cesifo.de Global Warming Potentials and multi-greenhouse gas price instruments

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

GWP and multi-GHG price instruments 2 Global Warming Potentials and multi-greenhouse gas price instruments Abstract. The paper revisits the concept of Global Warming Potentials (GWP) from an economic perspective. Multi-greenhouse gas issues are analyzed using a general, dynamic, welfare-maximizing framework. The results confirm that the GWP induces a bias when used as the economic equivalence rule between greenhouse gases. In the linear damage case, we underline the trade-off between the time horizon used in GWP computation and the social discount rate. The standard definition of the GWP is shown to implicitly define different discount rates for different gases. A geometric interpretation of the second-best GWP-based emission tax is provided. It is shown that the change in the emission mix is such that total CO2 equivalent emissions are the same under first-best and GWP-based emission tax regimes only if damages are linear. In the quadratic damage case, emission trajectories and steady-state
The relationship of teachers' use of humor in the classroom to immediacy and student learning

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study investigated teachers' use of humor in relationship to immediacy and learning. The amount and type of humor recorded by 206 students as observations of things teachers did to show “a sense of humor” were analyzed and correlated with overall immediacy and perceived cognitive and affective learning outcomes. The results indicated that amount and type of humor influenced learning, that students were particularly aware of tendentious humor, and that an overdependence on tendentious humor diminished affect. The effects of humor were more pronounced for male students and male teachers; however, indications of previous research that humor use negatively influenced evaluations of female teachers and that female teachers' humor was largely different than male teachers' humor were not supported.
Tensions and Trade-offs in Planning and Policymaking for Transit-Oriented Development, Transit, and Active Transport in California Cities

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Author(s): Barbour, Elisa; Jin, Janet; Goldsmith, Emma; Grover, Salvador; Martinez, Jacqueline; Handy, Susan | Abstract: This report provides research findings from the second year of a two-year research project on patterns of local policymaking in California to support transit-oriented development (TOD), transit, and active transport. Through survey research and case studies, the project assessed motivations, perceived obstacles, and priorities for development near transit, in relation to patterns of local policy adoption, from the perspective of city planners in the state’s four largest regions: the San Francisco Bay, Los Angeles, San Diego, and Sacramento metropolitan areas. The second research phase based on case study analysis identified tensions and trade-offs in policy “packaging” to support TOD in six large and five smaller cities in the same regions.View the NCST Project Webpage
Emotions among winery tourists: new vs old wine world

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Purpose This study aims to compare the influence of emotions produced by the wine and the winery visit on wine purchase intent at two destinations with different cultural views (old and new wine worlds). Design/methodology/approach A quantitative approach was adopted using a total sample of 600 tourists from two different wineries, one in La Rioja (Spain, Europe) and the other in Baja California (Mexico, North America). All the tourists surveyed at the European winery were European, and all the tourists surveyed at the North American winery were North American. Findings The results expand on previous research. At the tested wineries, the emotions produced by the wine (product) had a greater influence than those produced by the winery (environment); however, the intensity of their respective influences varied depending on whether the winery was in the new or old wine world. Research limitations/implications While the wine description was controlled by showing the same offer at both destinations, the winery visit experience was neither controlled nor controllable because the tours were real. Additionally, although the research variables were very similar in this study, the effect of differences in income between the tourists from the different regions was not considered. Practical implications Winery managers wishing to positively influence wine purchases at their establishments should focus their efforts on generating high positive emotions through the wine offer. They should also keep in mind the possible need for different approaches because of cultural differences between the tourists (North American or European) visiting the winery. To sell wine and build their brand, they should identify those tourists truly interested in wine. Originality/value Although the literature recognizes the influence of the emotions produced by the product and the environment on wine purchase intent, this is the first study to simultaneously compare the influence of the emotions generated by both the wine on offer (product) and the winery visit (environment) on wine purchase intent in tourists to two different wineries (new vs old wine world).
Creating Brand India: Strategies, Issues, and Challenges

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Introduction A person, an institution, or even a country leaves an impression in the mind of perceiver. This impression reflects the brand – what distinguishes one person, institution, or country from another. In India and beyond, country-level brand building has been receiving significant attention ever since Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi's 2014 call to "Make in India"
Centrosema rotundifolium CIAT5283

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Plant Genetic Resource.
Taxonomy: Centrosema rotundifolium
Common name(s): forages
Conserved by: Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT), Colombia
Local sample unique identifier: CIAT5283
Method of creation: Acquisition
Date: 1979-06-30
Other identifiers: n/a,BRA-012459, n/a,CPI-060686, n/a,CPI-094317, n/a,IRFL-4847, n/a,RJW-5580
Historical: No
Biological status: Wild
MLS status: Included
Menopausal life as imitation of art: Margery Kempe and the lack of sorority

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract Margery Kempe may have well been one of the first women on record who we can read about who entered menopause; however, by the time Margery had entered that stage of life, she had probably ostracized herself from any female support system or sorority. Her self-exile from any sisterhood seems to have been motivated by her desire to participate in a world where only men were empowered: first she tried various unsuccessful business ventures and then later turned to religion. Reinventing herself by imitating female spiritual icons, Margery escaped the imprisoning drudgery she saw as the life of a medieval matron and thrust herself into the influential circle of the male episcopate
Identification of Key Success Factors for Private Science Parks Established from Brownfield Regeneration: A Case Study from China

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Private science parks (PSPs) are infrastructure elements of national high technology industrial development zones. Increasing private capital is being invested in this field to transform abandoned factories into science parks through brownfield regeneration, which not only effectively utilizes urban space, but also greatly strengthens the power of scientific and technological innovation. The evolution of these PSPs, however, is not satisfactory, and some operation and innovation-related problems often lead to their failures. Therefore, identifying key success factors is crucial for the sustainable growth of PSPs. This study employs Fuzzy Analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) and Fuzzy-DEMATEL (Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory) methods to construct an identification model for key success factors of PSPs established from brownfield regeneration. Associated influencing factors were collected through literature analysis, on-site interviews, and questionnaire, based on which key success factors were identified. The results of the study showed that five factors—resources sharing capacity of the park, park scale, financing and financial services, legal policy services and administrative capability, and construction level of facilities in the park—are the key success factors for such PSPs. The results also provide a theoretical basis for the development of PSPs established from brownfield regeneration, and support the formulation of PSP-related policies.
A case of thalamo-mesencephalic hemorrhage presenting ipsilateral monocular paresis of downgaze and contralateral monocular paresis of upgaze.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

患者は50歳, 男性.突然の複視で発症し, 左眼の下転障害と右眼の上転障害を主徴とし, MRIにて視床中脳境界部左側に限局した血腫が認められた.右Horner症候群, 輻輳障害を認めたが, 他の神経症候はみられなかった.垂直眼球運動の中枢として吻側内側縦束間質核 (riMLF) が人間に於いても注目され, その障害で発症したとする “vertical one-and-a-half” 症候群の例が報告されているが, 本例では視床中脳出血により一側のriMLFが障害され, 病巣側の下転障害と反対側の上転障害という特異な垂直眼球運動障害を呈したと考えられた.我々の知る限りでは今までにこの特異な眼球所見に関する報告はなく, riMLFの概念を支持するものと考え報告した.
A New Public Release of the GIZMO Code

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We describe a major update to the public GIZMO code. GIZMO has been used in simulations of cosmology; galaxy and star formation and evolution; black hole accretion and feedback; proto-stellar disk dynamics and planet formation; fluid dynamics and plasma physics; dust-gas dynamics; giant impacts and solid-body interactions; collisionless gravitational dynamics; and more. This release of the public code supports: hydrodynamics (using various mesh-free finite-volume Godunov methods or SPH), ideal and non-ideal MHD, anisotropic conduction and viscosity, radiative cooling and chemistry, star and black hole formation and feedback, sink particles, dust-gas (aero)-dynamics (with or without magnetic fields), elastic/plastic dynamics, arbitrary (gas, stellar, degenerate, solid/liquid material) equations of state, passive scalar/turbulent diffusion, large-eddy and shearing boxes, self-gravity with fully-adaptive force softenings, arbitrary cosmological expansion, and on-the-fly group-finding. It is massively-parallel with hybrid MPI+OpenMP scaling verified up to >1 million threads. The code is extensively documented, with test problems and tutorials provided for these different physics modules.
Comparative molecular characterization of Desmodium gangeticum DC. and Desmodium laxiflorum DC. through random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Desmodium gangeticum DC. which belongs to family Fabaceae, known as Shalaparniisa widely used drug in Ayurveda. Shalaparni is one of the contents of Laghupan chamoola as well as that of Dashamoola. In some areas of Gujarat, local Vaidyas use Desmodium laxiflorum DC. (Fabaceae) instead of D.gangeticum, which suggest that they may possess almost similar properties. In the market sample of Shalaparni, adulteration is a common practice now a days. The use of highly discriminatory methods for the identification and characterization of genotypes is essential for plant protection, authentication and appropriate use. Present study utilized the RAPD method for the genetic fingerprinting of 2 species of Desmodium genus i.e. Desmodium gangeticum and Desmodium laxiflorum. The 10 primers were used to amplify the DNA from the plant species. The binary scoring of these primers showed 60-65% of similar characters between species of the same genus. This study is helpful in developing DNA markers of both the species for their authentication as well as for the categorization of Desmodium genus.
Melatonin and its use in atherosclerosis and dyslipidemia

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract: A review of pineal melatonin synthesis, regulation, and physiological effects indicates that not only does melatonin act as a hormonal signal of darkness, but also that it possesses antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Although oxidation and inflammation play a pivotal role in atherogenesis, no studies have investigated administration of melatonin for human arterial atherosclerosis. However, 13 clinical trials have investigated use of melatonin in dyslipidemia, which is a close correlate of atherosclerosis. The results of these clinical trials, particularly the five that are placebo-controlled, are inconclusive as to whether melatonin can normalize the blood lipid profile. Significant confounders in these studies might be a phase shift of the cholesterol rhythm by melatonin, a posture effect at venipuncture, uncontrolled diet during the course of melatonin intake, and the phenomenon of regression to the mean. Thus, future studies are required, which should also consider use of higher doses of melatonin and/or measurement of oxidized forms of cholesterol-containing particles (which are the most aggressive in relation to atherogenesis) in addition to lipidic fractions. Keywords: melatonin, serum lipids, atherosclerosis, clinical trials
A twisted polydiacetylene quantum wire: Influence of conformation on excitons in polymeric quasi-1D systems

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Highly luminescent isolated polydiacetylene (PDA) chains in a new diacetylene crystal are studied. The diacetylene crystal structure and theoretical calculations suggest that the chains are not planar and more strongly twisted than any known PDA. Yet the chains behave as quasi perfect quantum wires, showing that this behaviour is generic among PDA, provided crystal order is high enough. The exciton energy, E0, is higher than in any other well ordered PDA providing a relationship between E0 and twist angle. On the other hand the exciton binding energy and Bohr radius are significantly affected as demonstrated in electroabsorption experiments (and developed in a companion paper).
Analysis of Apolipoprotein A5, C3, and Plasma Triglyceride Concentrations in Genetically Engineered Mice

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Objective— Both the apolipoprotein A5 and C3 genes have repeatedly been shown to play an important role in determining plasma triglyceride concentrations in humans and mice. In mice, transgenic and knockout experiments indicate that plasma triglyceride levels are strongly altered by changes in the expression of either of these 2 genes. In humans, common polymorphisms in both genes have also been associated with plasma triglyceride concentrations. These similar findings raised the issue of the relationship between these 2 genes and altered triglycerides. Methods and Results— To address this issue, we generated independent lines of mice that either overexpressed (“double transgenic”) or completely lacked (“double knockout”) both apolipoprotein genes. We report that both “double transgenic” and “double knockout” mice display normal triglyceride concentrations compared with overexpression or deletion of either gene alone. Furthermore, we find that human ApoAV plasma protein levels in the “double transgenic” mice are ≈500-fold lower than human ApoCIII levels, supporting ApoAV as a potent triglyceride modulator despite its low concentration. Conclusions— Together, these data support that APOA5 and APOC3 independently influence plasma triglyceride concentrations but in an opposing manner.
2.5 Gbps operation of 1.55 μm quantum dot laser

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

An 1.55 μm InAs quantum dot laser on the InP(100) substrate was operated under continuous wave current at room temperature and had a high characteristics temperature over 150 K. The bandwidth of f-3 dB ~ 3 GHz was measured with the good "eye" pattern under 2.5 Gbps data transmission. (2 pages)
The Demise of Vaginal Operative Obstetrics: A Suggested Plan for Its Revival

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Predictions made more than a quarter of a century ago regarding excessive use of cesarean delivery for cases of dystocia have been realized. Breech presentation, correctable dystocia, and twin gestation are increasingly being delivered by the abdominal route. Recent studies have shown that neonatal morbidity is not inherently improved by cesarean birth, and in fact have reported comparable results with vaginal operative procedures in properly selected and managed cases. Pressure to control the cesarean birth rate is now being exerted by consumer groups, professional groups, and governmental agencies. The reintroduction of vaginal operative procedures to modern obstetrics would help reduce the cesarean birth rate. However, major changes in the medical liability system, medical education and training, and the method of certifying obstetricians will be required before vaginal operative obstetrics becomes a serious alternative to cesarean delivery. Without these changes, I believe there is little hope of reversing the trend toward cesarean birth.
Distributed Formation Control of Multiple Mobile Robots: An Adaptive Event-triggered Approach

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In our work, the distributed formation issues for mobile robots are discussed. In particular, a novel adaptive even- triggered communication strategy is investigated to improve the information exchange efficiency among neighboring robots. With the aid of Lyapunov-Krasovskii method, sufficient configuration formation criterions are established by convex optimization. Subsequently, the event-triggered parameters along with formation controller parameters can be developed, respectively. At last, the validity of our proposed formation design is validated via an illustrate example.