jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Introduction to lightning and AC power fault surge protection for telecom signaling cables

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper provides an introduction to the types of lightning surges and AC power fault surges that commonly affect the signaling cables of telecom network infrastructure and terminal equipment. Discussion is limited to twisted-pair copper lines such as telephone tip/ring cables and Ethernet cables. Surge types addressed include induced surges caused by nearby lightning strikes, induced AC voltages caused by fault conditions in adjacent AC power cables, and events caused by direct-contact with AC power mains. The basic physical mechanisms that cause each type of surge event are explained, with attention to both theoretical predictions and real-world measurements. Interactions between the surge energy source and the connected equipment will cause various types of surge waveforms to appear on the affected cables. The resulting surges are characterized for both outside cable plant and for cables routed entirely within a building. The ways in which various international testing standards attempt to simulate these surge events are described. Examples of some industry-standard test procedures and compliance requirements are presented. Some general guidelines are provided for evaluating the surge tolerance of a given design based on an analysis of the applied surge and the available paths for surge currents to flow. This type of analysis will often identify potential weaknesses based strictly on a review of the proposed design, prior to performing any actual surge tests.
The Synthesis of 3D Graphics and the Study on Various Shadow Effects

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

To make 3D perspective drawings for buildings for buildings, a special software with all kinds of the building models and shadow effects can be used first. It includes models like polygon object, curved surface, fragment surface, reflection, refraction, transparent object, geologic map, percussion figure, atomization and all kinds of light sources. Then with the methods of proportional combination, ray tracking and local processing, it forms the shadow effect, and finally produces the 3D Graphics. In this paper, the author will mainly talk about three aspects.
Linking equations between photon statistics and photocurrent statistics for time-varying stochastic photon rates

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Detected photons originating from classical light beams can be described either by means of photon statistics or by means of photocurrent statistics on a semiclassical basis. The statistical parameters of these two descriptions have, up to now, only been related to each other using vague, effective-time-constant arguments. We show that these relations are invalid for the general case of time-varying stochastic photon rates and arbitrary detector impulse responses and derive generally valid linking equations for the ensemble average, the shot noise variance and the excess noise variance of the photon statistics and the photocurrent statistics due to a random optical field. The derivations are based on a general definition of the time average that allows an elegant treatment in the Fourier domain.
Rapid and Specific Fluorescence Method for the Quantification of Arbutin in Cosmetics

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Arbutin is used in cosmetics as a whitening ingredient. However, due to its potential to form the irritant hydroquinone upon degradation, its concentration in formulations has been restricted. In this study, a rapid, sensitive, and inexpensive method was established for the quantification of arbutin in cosmetic products. The innovation of this work is to use sodium hypochlorite to oxidize the arbutin phenolic group for rapid and specific determination. Excitation and emission wavelengths of 285 nm and 317 nm were employed. The solvent, pH, reaction time, and NaClO:arbutin ratio were optimized. The fluorescence intensity varied linearly with the arbutin concentration from 0.4 to 44 µg mL−1 with a detection limit of 0.1 µg mL−1. The validity of the method was characterized by the spike and recovery measurements; the recovery was from 96 to 106%. The method was employed for the analysis of marketed cosmetis containing arbutin.
Disguising Prejudice: Popular Rationales as Excuses for Intolerant Expression

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

We study the use of popular rationales to justify public anti-minority actions.Rationales to oppose minorities change some people's private opinions, leading them to take anti-minority actions even if they are not prejudiced against minorities.When these rationales become widespread, prejudiced people can pool with unprejudiced people who are persuaded, decreasing the stigma associated with anti-minority expression and enabling greater public opposition to minority groups.We examine this mechanism through several large-scale experiments in the context of anti-immigrant behavior in the United States.In a first experiment, subjects learn that a previous respondent authorized a donation to an anti-immigrant organization and then make an inference about the respondent's underlying motivations.Subjects informed that their matched respondent learned about a study claiming that immigrants increase crime rates before authorizing the donation see the respondent as less intolerant and more easily persuadable.In a second experiment, subjects learn about that same study and then choose whether to authorize a publicly observable donation to the anti-immigrant organization.Subjects who are informed that their exposure to the rationale will be publicly observable are substantially more likely to make the donation than subjects who are informed that their exposure will remain private.Our findings suggest that prominent public figures can lower the social cost of intolerant expression by popularizing rationales, contributing to waves of anti-minority behavior.
Prospective Study on Sexual Dysfunction in Male Chinese Liver Transplant Recipients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In patients with end-stage liver disease, hypogonadism and erectile dysfunction are often seen. This study was to determine the incidence of erectile dysfunction before and after liver transplantation (LT) with correlation to change in sex hormone levels from a Chinese cohort. This prospective longitudinal study was registered with The University of Hong Kong Clinical Trials Centre (HKUCTR-1563). The Institutional Review Board approval number is UW-12-273. The study period was from January 2012 to December 2016. Adult male patients with end-stage liver disease enlisted for LT were recruited on informed written consent. All recruited patients were to complete a cross-sectional cohort questionnaire—International Index of Erectile Function, version 5 (IIEF5)—and to receive serum sex hormone checks before and after LT. Twenty-eight patients who underwent LT were included in the analysis. The included patients had significantly reduced prolactin ( p < .001) and 17-beta-estradiol ( p = .024) after LT. There was also a significant drop of IIEF5 score at 1 month after LT, but the score returned to pre-LT level at 6 months. This study demonstrated that there was improvement in sex hormone levels after LT, namely, normalization of estradiol level and lowering of prolactin and progesterone levels. However, improvement in sex hormone levels did not translate into improvement of erectile dysfunction.
The role of education and training levels of slaughterhouse workers in the cross-contamination of carcasses

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Meat products are frequently implicated in foodborne diseases. The hygienic status of dressed carcasses is largely dependent upon the general slaughterhouse hygiene and the skills of the workers. Training, knowledge of food safety issues and communication skills of slaughterhouse workers were evaluated to identify their role in the contamination of carcasses. Face-to-face interviews were conducted in a range of languages as no common language was spoken by all workers. Educational standards were generally low. About 17% of workers had no formal education and the majority of them (89%) had no training in safe food-handling. Personal hygiene standards were also low. In general, workers did not view themselves or the equipment as possible sources of contamination. The majority of the workers had limited understanding of effective cleaning regimes and sanitising procedures. The results demonstrate the potential benefits of appropriate educational and skills training in reducing the contamination levels on dressed carcasses.
The Long (v. Commissioner) and Short of the Substitute for Ordinary Income Doctrine

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

In Long v. Commissioner, the Eleventh Circuit determined that the substitute for ordinary income doctrine was inapplicable to a situation in which the taxpayer had assigned his position as plaintiff in a lawsuit which he had won at trial but was being appealed. The article examines the methodologies advanced for determining when the doctrine should be utilized and evaluates the decision in Long in light of these theories.The Eleventh Circuit correctly rejected the application of the doctrine in Long. The taxpayer had transferred a vertical slice of his property, i.e., he didn't retain a temporal interest in it. The right transferred was an appreciated equitable interest in property. Furthermore, he hadn't sold "the future right to earned income" but rather "the future right to earn income." By any reasonable methodology for determining if the substitute for ordinary income doctrine should apply, it is clear that in Long it shouldn't.In general, the substitute for ordinary income doctrine should not be utilized in circumstances where there has been a transfer involving a vertical slice (in contrast with a horizontal slice) of an appreciated equitable interest in property conferring a future right to earn income (and not a future right to earned income). Where it is clear that the above criteria have been met, as was the case in Long, the government should generally eschew arguing for the doctrine's application.
Historic rural African American cemetery preservation in southeast Louisiana

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The widespread neglect of historic, rural, African American cemeteries in southeast Louisiana results in a loss of cultural and historical information associated with the sites. To combat this loss, cemetery preservation is achieved through state and federal legislation and through physical conservation. This study evaluates the influence of historic preservation legislation by providing a review of state and federal legislation that concerns historic cemeteries, identifying Louisiana cemeteries National Register listed for their significance to African American culture, and assessing the introduction of Louisiana’s Slavery Ancestral Burial Grounds Preservation Commission. Utilizing participant observation and condition assessments at five cemetery field studies, this study will to identify common factors of preservation. Comparative analysis of this data will reveal patterns. This thesis will assess the influence of identified legislation on the cemetery field studies. Furthermore, this study recommends that the identification of historic African American cemeteries be prioritized, that immediate action be taken to comprehensively document cemeteries, that digital technologies be utilized to spread awareness of cemeteries, that perpetual care procedures be created, and that preservation efforts emphasize greater collaboration with preservation organizations, landowners, and descendants.
The presence of CC chemokines and their aberrant role in the porcine corpus luteum

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract The process of luteal regression is tightly regulated by the immune system and chemokines—small cytokines responsible mostly for the activation and migration of immune cells. The role of chemokines in porcine corpus luteum (CL) function is still not well understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression profile and distribution of CC chemokines in the porcine CL during the natural oestrous cycle and early pregnancy. Additionally, the effect of PGF2α on the expression of selected chemokines and their luteotropic and apoptotic influence on CL cells were studied in vitro. The expression levels of the chemokines CCL2, CCL4, and CCL5 and the chemokine receptor CCR5 were time‐dependent (low on Days 8–10 and high on Days 12–14 of the oestrous cycle). Moreover, CCL8 and CCR2 transcript levels were also elevated during the period of luteolysis. The immunolocalization of CCL2, CCL4, CCL5, CCR1, CCR2 and CCR5 was determined using CL sections obtained from cycling and pregnant pigs. The immunofluorescence signals were localized mainly in luteal cells. PGF2α treatment of CL cells caused increased mRNA expression of CCL2 and CCR1 . CCL2 treatment alone upregulated the expression of genes BAX, BCL2 and StAR in CL cells in vitro , but additional experiments showed that the chemokines CCL2, CCL4 and CCL5 alone do not cause apoptosis in a mixed population of CL cells. The chemokine CCL4 increased the transcript levels of StAR and HSD3‐β1 . Additionally, CCL5 led to the inhibition of BAX gene expression. The differential spatiotemporal expression of CCL2, CCL4, CCL5 and CCR5 throughout the oestrous cycle and the direct but aberrant effect of these three chemokines on genes associated with apoptosis and progesterone synthesis indicate the complicated involvement of these factors in the regulation of luteolysis in pigs.
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of 4,6‐O‐Benzylidene‐2‐deoxypyranosides with Sodium Cyanoborohydride: Formation of 1,5‐Anhydroalditols.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The pyranosides (I), (IV) and (VII) specified in the title are treated with sodium cyanoborohydride.
The difficulty of standardising Smart Card Security Evaluation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

There is a need for assessing the security of smart cards by an independent third party, specially if multi-application smart cards become reality. Intuitively, the methods to obtain this could be derived from the computer industry where security evaluation already is commonplace, but because of the special properties of smart cards, this seems very difficult. The article discusses the problems related to this topic, and makes suggestions on how security evaluation of smart cards can be achieved. Introduction Key words: security evaluation smart cards security validation assurance ITSEC security through obscurity standards illegal cloning Subject classification: Security Verification and Evaluation. Smart cards form an important new class of computer systems which are highly suitable for security applications. In order to show the [ need to have better security assurance in smart card systems, the first section illustrates that there is a lack of justification for the inherent se...
CARDIOVASCULAR INVOLVEMENT IN METABOLIC DISEASES

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Cardiomyopathies are a group of disorders that result in dysfunction of the contractility of the myocardium and a decrease in cardiac function. Cardiomyopathies may be primary or idiopathic or secondary due to an underlying definable systemic disorder. Cardiomyopathies may be further defined as according to the World Health Organization (WHO) as: 1) congestive or dilated; 2) obstructive as in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy; 3) restrictive as in infiltrative disorders such as storage diseases. Two additional categories have been added that include arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy and unclassified cardiomyopathies. A number of metabolic disorders result in cardiomyopathy and are frequently the cause of death in these disorders.
Involving 4th generation district heating technologies: residential buildings in remote areas of Russia

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

This study aims to justify the possibility of expanding the energy and economic efficiency of a district heating [DH] system. The case study territory is a remote area of the Omsk region (Russia); the method is electric heating. To address this issue, we (1) considered the potential of modernizing these DH systems, (2) analyzed available options, (3) designed the main and auxiliary heat generation equipment, and (4) committed a feasibility study. The design heat consumption was 0.24 MW. To achieve this goal, we suggested two heat pumps; their capacity was 280 kW, and the investment required to install two heat pumps of 150 kW was 2.6 billion rubles. The total capital cost was 4.0 billion rubles. The annual effect after the heat pumps were installed was 0.7 billion rubles. The payback period was 5.6 years; to decrease it, one should install multiple heat pumps on the consumer side. The reason is to avoid heat distribution losses. Replacing traditional DH plants with electric boilers is feasible only if the cost of heat is 6,600 rubles per MWh or above. This cost has already been achieved for several DH plants. Ground source heat pumps are viable at lower prices, approximately 4,100 rubles per MWh. This option is especially helpful in remote areas of the Omsk region where the billing tariff is already high. When modernizing the heat supply infrastructure of the northern areas of the Omsk region, one can increase annual electricity consumption by 6%, decrease tariffs, and become more ecologically friendly at the same time.
Time-dependent electromagnetic scattering from dispersive materials

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Abstract This paper studies time-dependent electromagnetic scattering from obstacles that are described by dispersive material laws. We consider the numerical treatment of a scattering problem in which a dispersive material law, for a causal and passive homogeneous material, determines the wave–material interaction in the scatterer. The resulting problem is nonlocal in time inside the scatterer and is posed on an unbounded domain. Well-posedness of the scattering problem is shown using a formulation that is fully given on the surface of the scatterer via a time-dependent boundary integral equation. Discretizing this equation by convolution quadrature in time and boundary elements in space yields a provably stable and convergent method that is fully parallel in time and space. Under regularity assumptions on the exact solution we derive error bounds with explicit convergence rates in time and space. Numerical experiments illustrate the theoretical results and show the effectiveness of the method.
Artisans of Meitei-Pangal/Pangal Community (Muslims) in the Making of Some Bamboo Tools and it’s Implements and Their Role in the Conservation of Bio-Resource in Manipur

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Tools and it's implements especially of bamboos have been searched, took photograph and documented their useful aspects.T3he information of artisans in relation with the tool creation by bamboo plants and their view of earning family income in deference with their traditional knowledge have been recorded during a study period (January, 2012 to Nov. 2014).A total of 3 genus 8 bamboo species useful in 5 (five) categories of human affairs i. e. Agriculture & Horticulture, Fishery, House making, Weaving and Others (household) to make tool & it's implements has been recorded.The plants are Dendrocalamus sericious Munro.(Ui),D.longifimbriatus Gamble.(Unan),D.giganteus Munro.(Marubob/Mareebob),B. tulda Roxb.(Saneibi), B. nana Roxb., B. kingiana Gamble (Watangkhoi), B.nutans Wall Ex.Munro.(Oootang) and Melocanna bambusoides Trin.(Moubi).The plants have been found to be conserved in the villages.It is believed that the long tradition of bamboo plantation has been converted to useful bio-resources of bamboo stalks in the villages.
Strategic Career Management

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Organizations need to develop and retain their talent, and managing careers in a strategic fashion is critical to achieving this. This book takes a practical approach to help you make strategic career management work both for the talent you want to retain and for the organization they work in.It will help you to:- Improve your strategic career management- Improve employee retention- Develop a business case for careers - Design and develop critical processes to support your strategy- Explore best practice examples from other organizations- Evaluate your progressOther titles in the HR Series:Organization Design (Stanford)Transforming HR (Reddington, Williamson and Withers)HR - The Business Partner (Kenton and Yarnall)The Changing World of the Trainer (Sloman) publishing March 2007Change, Conflict and the Corporate Community (Kenton and Penn) publishing June 2007
Synthesis of Triaryl Cyanurates Catalysed by Polyethylene Glycol in a Two‐Phase System: Phase Transfer Catalysis

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The synthesis of triaryl cyanurates (2,4,6‐triaryloxy‐1,3,5‐triazines) was accomplished at room temperature in high yields in a two‐phase system using PEG‐400 as a phase transfer catalyst.
THE BUYER’S GENDER AND THE EFFECT OF PROMOTION ACTIVITIESON THE PROCESS OF SELECTION OF FOOD PRODUCTS

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The aim of the considerations and analyzes presented in the publication is to approximate the importance of gender in shaping the behavior of buyers in the decision-making process. The main research goal was to assess the impact of promotional activities on the consumer purchasing process on the market for selected food products. The research part was based on the results of surveys that were conducted in 2016 on a group of 486 food consumers using the targeted selection method. The research has shown that the importance of particular promotional activities in the purchasing process of the surveyed consumers was different depending on the gender. Statistical analyzes show that these differences were not large. Based on the respondents’ answers, it can be noticed that men were much more sensitive to promotional activities in their decisions related to product selection. The respondents in the group of purchasers of fruit and vegetables and dairy products were the most diversified in the assessment of the impact of advertising on the basis of gender, and the least diversified were the purchaser of meat products.
Stomach cancer on the territory of the Far Eastern Federal District

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective : General indexes of the disease and death rate among the Far East region due to stomach cancer during the last decade (2008–2017). Methods : Disease and death rates, statistical reports of patients with oncology and official documents by public health authorities were analyzed. Results : there were 25,155 new registered cancer cases in Far East region in 2017. It’s 26.6% higher than 10 years ago. 128,776 patients (2.1% of the region population) were under outpatient observation. In the structure of primary morbidity stomach cancer takes the fourth place, and in overall death-rate it’s on the 2nd place, going after trachea, bronchial and lung tumor. The number of patients having I–II phase of stomach cancer had increased from 2008 to 2017, the disease rate among women significantly decreased. The percentage of actively defined cases has increased by several orders for ten years. However the index of accumulation of contingents of the diseased with stomach cancer has decreased. The rate of morphological confirmation of such diagnosis turned out to be lower than the average rate in Russia. The proportion of the diseased registered for 5 years or more has exceeded average numbers. The death rate was the highest during the 1st year of being diagnosed. It can be explained by a very high rate of neglecting. Conclusions : comparing the increasing number of cancer diseased in Far Eastern Region, the constant decrease of the disease and death rates were noticed at the beginning of the 21st century. This fact can’t be explained by an exact reason now.