jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Morbid Impact of Environmental Toxins on the Human Nervous System: Dystonia Nexus with Organic Solvents, Pesticides, and Heavy Metals

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Dystonia is a neurological disorder characterized by involuntary muscle contractions that lead to abnormal movements and postures. This review examines environmental toxins and their etiology and pathogenesis of dystonia. Environmental toxins – organic solvents, pesticides, and heavy metals – disrupt neural pathways and neurotransmitter functions, contributing to the development of dystonia. These toxins induce neurotoxicity through mechanisms involving oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, and interference with neurotransmitter synthesis and release. Organic solvents disrupt neuronal membrane integrity and neurotransmission, while pesticides impair neurotransmitter synthesis and receptor function. Heavy metals alter ion channel function, promote oxidative stress, and trigger inflammatory responses, causing neuronal damage. Diagnosing dystonia requires a thorough medical history, neurological examination, lab work, and specialized tests, including imaging and genetic testing. Treatment strategies focus on symptom management by identifying and eliminating the source of environmental toxin exposure and medications (e.g., dopaminergic agents, anticholinergics, GABAergic agents, and BOTOX injections). These strategies are complemented by physical therapy, nutritional support, regulating monitoring and follow-up, and education and counseling.
When disaster strikes: Bridging the hospital preparedness gap

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Bioterrorism has emerged as a serious public health threat in the United States and continues to warrant significant public health concern. In the event of a bioterrorist attack, hospitals and healthcare providers will play a primary role in the community’s response. However, recent research has suggested that hospitals are unprepared to respond to a bioterrorism event lacking personnel, equipment, knowledge, and experience. The current article highlights the gaps between need and implementation of disaster preparedness programs in healthcare settings; presents a program designed to address these limitations in a cost-effective, portable, accessible training package; and analyzes data from a basic evaluation of the program. The program is a 4.5-day training developed by the a state Area Health Education Consortium (AHEC) to help prepare hospitals for a bioterrorist attack by training personnel in the creation of a decontamination team responsible for decontaminating patients before they enter the hospital. A basic evaluation of the program found that participants who complete the training reported high ratings of competency related to decontamination procedures, their confidence in future performance, and the training overall. Results suggest that the training program holds promise in beginning to address hospital preparedness gaps.
Recepcja słoweńskiej literatury dla dzieci w Polsce 1990—2020

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The aim of this paper is to investigate the problem of reception of Slovenian children’s literature in Poland between 1990 and 2020. The author notices the fact that Polish translations of Slovenian children’s prose are very rare on the Polish book market. The author notices a complete lack of Polish translations of Slovenian children’s literature in the years 1990—2010, which was caused probably by societal and cultural factors, which changed after 2010.
Symbolic Logic and Mechanical Theorem Proving (Chin-Liang Chang and Richard Char-Tung Lee)

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Related DatabasesWeb of Science You must be logged in with an active subscription to view this.Article DataHistoryPublished online: 18 July 2006Publication DataISSN (print): 0036-1445ISSN (online): 1095-7200Publisher: Society for Industrial and Applied MathematicsCODEN: siread
Analysis and Design of CMOS Clocking Circuits for Low Phase Noise

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

"As electronics continue to become faster, smaller and more efficient, development and research around clocking signals and circuits has accelerated to keep pace. This book bridges the gap between the classical theory of clocking circuits and recent technological advances, making it a useful guide for newcomers to the field, and offering an opportunity for established researchers to broaden and update their knowledge of current trends. The book begins by introducing the theory of Fourier transform and power spectral density, then builds on this foundation in chapter 2 to define phase noise and jitter. Chapter 3 discusses the theory and primary implementation of CMOS oscillators, including LC oscillators and ring oscillators, and chapter 4 introduces techniques for analysing their phase noise and jitter. Chapters 5-7 cover conventional clocking circuits; phase-locked loop (PLL) and delay-locked loop (DLL), which suppress the phase noise of CMOS oscillators. The building blocks of conventional PLLs/DLLs are described, and the dynamics of the PLL/DLL negative feedback loop explored in depth, with practical design examples. Chapters 8-11 address state-of-the-art circuit techniques for phase noise suppression, presenting the principles and practical issues in circuit implementation of sub-sampling phase detection techniques, all-digital PLL/DLL, injection-locked oscillator, and clock multiplying DLL. Extensive survey and discussion on state-of-the-art clocking circuits and benchmarks are covered in an Appendix"--
Coupled Integral Equations Approach in the Solution of Luikov Equations with Microwave Effect

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The objective of this study is to present a mathematical modeling and solution approach for the drying process of spheroidal solids with the application of microwave in capillary porous media based on the Luikov equations, composed of a system of linear and coupled partial differential equations arising from the energy, mass and pressure balances inside the solid matrix. Additionally, the power generation term from the application of microwaves is added to this differential system. The solution to this problem is achieved through a Coupled Integral Equations Approach (CIEA), whose objective is the transformation of the initial PDE system into an ODEs one. A computer code was developed in FORTRAN 90/95 programming language, which uses the subroutine IVPAG from the IMSL library to solve the system of ODEs from the application of the CIEA. The results obtained were compared with other previously reported in the literature to verify the methodology and showed satisfactory agreement.
The products from papain and pepsin hydrolyses of guinea-pig immunoglobulins γ1G and γ2G

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

1. The products from papain and pepsin hydrolyses of the guinea-pig immunoglobulins γ1G and γ2G were isolated and characterized with regard to molecular weight, amino acid composition, hexose content and antigenic specificity. 2. Fragments Fab and (Fab′)2 from immunoglobulins γ1G and γ2G have similar electrophoretic and antigenic properties, but show some class-specific differences in amino acid composition. 3. Three Fc fragments were obtained after papain digestion of immunoglobulin γ2G, namely, fragment Fc dimer (mol.wt. 58000), fragment Fc monomer (mol.wt. 29000) and fragment Fc′ (mol.wt. 8000). A single crystalline fragment, namely fragment Fc′ (mol.wt. 11000), was isolated after papain digestion of immunoglobulin γ1G. 4. Peptic digestion of immunoglobulins γ1G and γ2G releases C-terminal fragments, namely, fragments pFc′, of similar molecular weight (13000) but different amino acid compositions and distinct antigenic specificities. 5. Digestion-time studies show that immunoglobulin γ1G is far more susceptible to proteolysis than is immunoglobulin γ2G and suggest that at least a proportion of molecules are split primarily at a site that liberates fragment γ1Fc′.
Additional file 1: of The satellite DNA AflaSAT-1 in the A and B chromosomes of the grasshopper Abracris flavolineata

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

qPCR data of gDNA used to calculate the sequence dose by Ct method of relative quantification (Nguyen et al. 2013). Gene dosage ratios (GDR) of the target genes were compared with autosomal gene Hsp70. (XLSX 90 kb)
Occurrence Download

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A dataset containing 88 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query: { "TaxonKey" : [ "is Cyclopogon warmingii (Rchb.f.) Schltr." ] } The dataset includes 88 records from 30 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0152619-240321170329656/datasets/export for details. Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
[Preparation of controlled release microsphere incorporating bFGF and its effect on Schwann cells].

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

To study the preparation method of bFGF microspheres and to investigate the bioactivities of bFGF, which were released from the bFGF microspheres, on the cultured schwann cells. bFGF was microcapsulated with the multiple emulsion encapsulative method using PLGA as coating material. Its morphology, particle size distribution, drug loading-embedding rate and in vitro release property were studied. The cultured schwann cells were grouped according to the different ingredients being added to the culture medium: bFGF group, bFGF-PLGA group. Then the number, the viability and the cell cycle of schwann cells were measured. The morphology and the particle size distribution of the bFGF-PLGA microspheres were even and good; the drug-loading and drug-embedding rate of microspheres were (27.18 x 10(-3)) % +/- (0.51 x 10(-3)) %, 66. 43% +/- 1.24%; the release property of microspheres in vitro was good and the overall release rate was 72. 47% in 11 days. The in vitro cellular study showed: 1, 2 days after plate culture, the cell number and cell viability of bFGF group was much better than that of bFGF-PLGA group; 3, 4 days after plate culture, the cell number and cell viability of bFGF group and bFGF-PLGA group were not different statistically; 6, 8 days after plate culture, the cell number and cell viability of bFGF-PLGA group was much better than that of bFGF group. Through the flow cytometry examination: 2 days after plate culture, the GJ/M+S percentage of bFGF group was higher than that of bFGF-PLGA group; 4, 8 days after plate culture, the G2/M+S percentage of bFGF-PLGA group was higher than that of bFGF group. So, it is practical to prepare the bFGF-PLGA microspheres with the multiple emulsion encapsulative method. bFGF-PLGA microspheres can preserve the bioactivities of bFGF effectively and promotes the proliferation of schwann cells in a long period because of the controlled release of bFGF from microspheres.
TMT transactive memory system and business model design: the moderating effect of strategic orientation

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Purpose Top management team (TMT) serves as the critical designer of a firm’s business model, whose cognition exerts key influence on business model design (BMD). Drawing insights from the managerial cognition and knowledge-based views, this paper aims to examine the effect of TMT transactive memory system on BMD and investigate how the relationship between TMT transactive memory system and BMD is contingent upon the firm’s strategic orientation. Design/methodology/approach Survey data collected from 210 Chinese firms was used to test the research hypotheses through multivariate regression analysis. Findings This paper reveals that TMT transactive memory system facilitates novelty- and efficiency-centered BMD. Furthermore, both differentiation orientation and cost leadership orientation can strengthen the effect of TMT transactive memory system on novelty-centered BMD; the impact of TMT transactive memory system on efficiency-centered BMD is weakened by differentiation orientation but strengthened by cost leadership orientation. Originality/value This paper adds to the business model literature by unraveling the effect of TMT transactive memory system on BMD, which not only enriches the internal cognitive antecedents of BMD but also provides an in-depth understanding of how TMTs can use their knowledge structure to proactively design a certain business model. Moreover, this paper also offers insights into how TMTs can better use transactive memory system to design business models according to the specific strategic orientation.
Hukum Laut di Indonesia

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Indonesian, as an archipelagic country with a large maritime area, has significant maritime legal interests in its national legal system. Despite its importance, Indonesia's maritime law is still fragmented and lacks a comprehensive and coherent framework. The study aims to analyze and review existing maritime laws and regulations in Indonesia, identify gaps and inconsistencies, and propose a new framework for Indonesian maritime law. This study uses a qualitative research approach, analyzing primary and secondary legal sources, as well as conducting interviews with experts in the field. The results of the study show that Indonesia's maritime law is filled with inconsistencies and lack of clarity, leading to confusion and uncertainty among stakeholders. The study proposes a new framework that integrates existing laws and regulations, provides clear definitions and procedures, and ensures the effective management of Indonesia's vast maritime territory
Hemostatic alterations accompanying sickle cell pain crises.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Three patients with sickle-cell disease (SSD) were followed, weekly, for 1 1/2 to 2 years, during which time they experienced one or more episodes of crisis. Crisis was associated with reproducible sequential hemostatic alterations indicating intravascular fibrin formation and a marked disturbance in platelet economy. With crisis onset, or possibly before, there was an increase in plasma high-molecular-weight fibrinogen complexes and a transient fall in platelet count, with a subsequent rise in both fibrinogen concentration and platelet count; plasma fibrinogen peaked 1 week after crisis onset and platelet count approximately 2 weeks after onset. Subsidence of crisis was associated with a fall in high-molecular-weight fibrinogen complexes and a subsequent increase in fibrinogen first derivative, an early fibrinogen breakdown product. Hemostatic findings and patient clinical status were generally correlated, the findings during asymptomatic periods being essentially normal. Agents affecting platelet function (aspirin alone or in combination with dipyridamole) appeared to reduce the extent of laboratory abnormality, suggesting potential clinical usefulness in this disorder.
Macro-objects assembly through hydrogen bonding of deoxyguanosine phosphate (dGMP): utilization of polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride and dGMP ionic self-assembly

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The objective of our study was to explore novel interactions that can be helpful in the self-assembly of polydimethyl siloxane (PDMS) macro-objects. In this approach, ionic self-assembly of polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride (PDDA) and deoxyguanosine monophosphate (dGMP) molecules were utilized for layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly with an exposed layer of dGMP. Moreover, the assembly-disassembly process was more thoroughly understood by force measurement analysis in different solvents by using a tensiometer instrument. This study will open up the gate for the utilization of further forces to assemble macro-objects by mimicking this approach.
Correlations of Precursor and Carbon Coating with Electrochemical Property of 2D Graphitic Carbon Nitride (g-C3N4) Nanosheets as High-Reversibility Cathode of Nonaqueous Al-Ion Batteries

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Al-ion batteries (AIBs) represent promising multivalent-ion battery alternatives to Li-ion batteries (LIBs). Exploration of cathode materials is the key to improving the electrochemical performance of AIBs. Here we demonstrate a promising AIB cathode candidate based on two-dimensional graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) nanosheets with reversible de/embedding of [AlCl4]− anions in its special layered porous structure during the cyclic charge/discharge process. To address the sluggish ion/charge transportation kinetics that is inherently present in AIBs due to the intrinsically low conductivity of g-C3N4, we optimize different synthetic precursors of g-C3N4 including dicyandiamide, urea, and melamine and, further, develop a facile method for uniformly coating a N-doped carbon (N–C) coating layer on the optimal g-C3N4 derived from dicyandiamide. The resultant AIBs consisting of the g-C3N4@N–C cathode and Al metal anode in the AlCl3/[EMIm]Cl electrolyte exhibit an initial capacity of ∼54.9 mAh·g–1 at 0.2 C with a high Coulomb efficiency ∼99.9%, and they possess long-term cycling over 200 cycles. The underlying charge/discharge process of AIBs, revealed by the ex situ X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy analyses, involves the extraction/insertion of Al species (mainly Al3+, AlCl4–, and Al2Cl7–) into the g-C3N4 crystal lattices with the formation of intermediate Al8C3N4 and (ClCN)3.
Structures and dynamics of glycosphingolipid-containing lipid mixtures as raft models of plasma membrane

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The structure and function of mammalian plasma membrane microdomains, so-called rafts, are among the hot topics in cell biology, since it is suggested that these domains are involved in important membrane-associated events, especially ones such as signal transduction, which were frequently seen in physiological and immunological studies. In spite of the accumulation of large amounts of evidence, results on physical properties of the structure and dynamics of membranes such as those in intact cells are less abundant. In this report we treat the structure and dynamics of glycosphingolipid (ganglioside)–cholesterol and glycosphingolipid (ganglioside)–cholesterol–phospholipid mixtures used as models of rafts and plasma membranes. The present results clearly show that the incorporation of cholesterol with ganglioside aggregates is limited to a maximum miscibility of the molar ratio between the ganglioside and cholesterol ranging from ∼1/1 to 1/3 and that small vesicles with diameters of about 250–300 Å form. These molar ratios and sizes agree well with the reported constituent ratio and minimum size for the rafts. In the vesicle systems containing ganglioside, cholesterol, and phospholipid (PC, DSPC, DOPC, POPC), the bending modulus tends to take the smallest value at the molar ratio of [gang]/[chol]/[phospholipid] = 0.1/0.1/1. The present results would strongly support a functional physical property of the raft model: sphingolipids and cholesterol clustering to form rafts that move within the fluid lipid bilayer.
Urban challenges in Dammam metropolitan area: the oil capital of Saudi Arabia

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) form one of the internationally recognized frameworks that guide sustainable urban development. In line with Saudi Vision 2030 , the Saudi government aims to increase the livability of Saudi cities. The aim of this study is to assess the current status of the SDG 11 key factors at the local government level in Saudi Arabia. Thus, Dammam Metropolitan Area (DMA) was selected as a case study. A questionnaire survey and a purposive sampling technique were utilized to assess the SDG 11 key factors. The Relative Importance Index (RII) was utilized as a technique to analyze the collected data and establish the most significant challenging factors within the city level based on feedback from public sector stakeholders. The study found that the most challenging SDG 11 key factors in DMA are first, SDG 11.1 Access to safe, affordable, accessible, and sustainable transport systems for all, with RII (0.845); second, SD G11.7 Universal access to safe, inclusive, and accessible green and public spaces, with RII (0.809); and third, SDG 11.1 Access to adequate, safe, and affordable housing and basic services and slum upgrading, with RII (0.787). This study offers insight into their combined efforts toward achieving inclusive, resilient, and sustainable urban development for policymakers, scholars, and practitioners. Additionally, it promotes SDG 11 by highlighting avenues for further study, knowledge sharing, and cooperation.
The Luminosity of the Central Parsec of the Galaxy

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The luminosity of the central 5 pc of the Galaxy -encompassing the inner regions of the rotating ring of dust and gas which surrounds the galactic center - emerges primarily at infrared wavelengths in the form of thermal emission from heated dust. The nature and location of the sources which heat the dust can be inferred from the spatial and temperature distribution of the thermal infrared emission (λ>20um), from studies of the ionized gas in this region, and from direct imaging in the near infrared. These observations show that the principal heating sources within this 5-pc region are concentrated within the central parsec of the Galaxy and indicate that the luminosity of these sources is within a factor of two of 10 7 L O . The near-infrared observations of the compact sources at the galactic center do not reveal a single dominant source but suggest instead that the several components of the IRS-16 complex, taken together, may contribute the bulk of the luminosity; however, the data also permit a single object to dominate the energetics of this region. We draw attention to the striking morphological similarities between the galactic center and the innermost regions of the 30 Doradus nebula in the Large Magellanic Cloud and speculate that the luminosity sources in the galactic center may resemble the early-type supergiants in 30 Doradus.
Mask-Wearing Perception of Preschool Children in Korea during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

As the COVID-19 pandemic continues, wearing a mask has become a daily routine in Korea over the last two years. This study aims to investigate the mask-wearing perception of preschoolers (ages 4–6). The questionnaire comprised 17 yes-no closed-ended questions and two open-ended questions, and interviews of the children were conducted from January to February 2022, 15 months after mandatory mask wearing. Results showed that children were aware of the need to wear a mask to protect themselves and others from the coronavirus, and they perceived it as necessary and a good thing. Most children responded that they did not feel uncomfortable wearing a mask at preschool. This perception was thought to be influenced by the caregivers’ perceptions of the mask in Korea. The way in which 4–5-year-olds perceived the mask differed from the way 6-year-olds did. Children aged between four and five seemed to perceive the mask as a physical self, while children aged six did not. As children who have experienced COVID-19 are growing up, attention is being focused on how the experience of wearing a mask affects their early childhood development.