jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Geographic Variations and Risk of Crohnʼs Disease and Ulcerative Colitis: Results from Two Large Prospective Cohorts: ACG IBD Award

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose: Geographic variation according to latitude of residence in the incidence of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis has been reported in Europe. However, comparable data in the U.S. are lacking. We assessed the geographic variation in risk of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis in a geographically diverse population of U.S. women enrolled in two large ongoing prospective studies. Methods: Our study population included female health professionals enrolled in the U.S. Nurses Health Study I and II (NHS) who were followed from 1976 to 2002 and 1989 to 2003, respectively. Information about geographic location at the time of birth, age 15, and age 30 were asked in the 1992 questionnaire in the NHS I and in the 1993 questionnaire in the NHS II. Incident cases of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis were confirmed by review of medical records by two gastroenterologists. Baseline data for other covariates were obtained from the initial questionnaire and updated biennially. We used Cox proportional hazards models to calculate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for risk of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Results: Over 4,209,454 person-year follow-up, we confirmed 284 cases of Crohn's disease and 332 cases of ulcerative colitis. The mean age of diagnosis was 51 for CD and 48 for UC. The incidence of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis increased significantly with increasing latitude (Ptrend < 0.01). In particular, geographic location at age 30 was more strongly associated with incidence of disease. Based on geographic location at age 30, compared to women in northern latitudes, women in southern latitudes had a multivariateadjusted HR of 0.51 (95% CI, 0.32-0.82) for Crohn's disease and 0.65 (95% CI, 0.45-0.94) for ulcerative colitis. Conclusion: In two large prospective cohorts, we showed a significant northsouth gradient in the association between latitude and incidence of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis in the United States. This differential risk may be explained by differences in UV light exposure and vitamin D status.
In Situ Hybridization and Immunocytochemistry for Improved Assessment of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Cultures

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The authors characterized the early intracellular events involved in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) replication after in vitro inoculation into cultures of susceptible human T-cell lines and phytohemagglutinin-stimulated peripheral-blood mononuclear cells (PMCs). Within 24 hours of infection, in situ hybridization with HIV DNA probe detected cytoplasmic viral RNA. Viral core antigen was detected in infected cells over the subsequent two to ten days by means of an immunocytochemical assay employing monoclonal antibodies. Several days later, cell-free virus was detected by both reverse transcriptase assay and a p25gag antigen-capture assay. When these methods were applied to monitor cultures of ten sero-positive persons' PMCs, a similar progression of virus replication was apparent: cytoplasmic viral RNA was detected in infected PMCs by day 3, with the subsequent appearance of intracellular viral proteins (days 6-9) and cell-free virus (days 12-21). In situ hybridization and immunocytochemistry offer complementary, sensitive, and specific approaches for monitoring the early stages of acquired immune deficiency syndrome virus replication in vitro.
Protective Role of Natural Antioxidants Against the Formation and Harmful Effects of Acrylamide in Food

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Acrylamide has been listed in the list of substances harmful to human health transmitted by processed foods to the body since 2002, the Swedish National Food Service has found an appropriate amount of acrylamide in many thermo-treatment, carbohydrate-rich foods such as potato chips, coffee and bread, after that many studies investigated the causes of acrylamide formation in foods and the critical levels that the consumer should not be exposed.The formation of acrylamide in food depends on the product type, ingredients and cooking method.Acrylamide was found fried potato, hamburger, fried chicken and many other foods.Acrylamide is known as neurotoxic and carcinogenic compound.Many studies investigated the effect of natural antioxidants and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in reduce the formation of acrylamide during food processing.Lactic acid bacteria were reduced the level of acrylamide in potato chips by fermentation the sugar on the surface of potato before frying.The natural antioxidant also plays an important role in eliminating the harmful effect of acrylamide in the body by increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes and reduction of free radical level.Therefore, this study focused on acrylamide formation, how to reduce its formation during food preparation and how to face its negative effects on the body by consuming nutritious foods.
Effects of pH-sensitive nanoparticles prepared with different polymers on the distribution, adhesion and transition of Rhodamine 6G in the gut of rats

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

To investigate the effect of different enteric polymers on the characteristics of pH-sensitive nanoparticles, Rhodamine 6G (Rho) was incorporated in various pH-sensitive nanoparticles. The different patterns of pH-dependent release profiles were observed, although some polymers have the same dissolving pH. The distribution, adhesion and transition of different nanoparticles in rat gut showed significant difference, closely related to the release characteristics of nanoparticles, and their release behaviour are dependent on the dissolving pH and the structure of the polymers, as well as the drug property. Most nanoparticle formulations decreased the distribution and adhesion of Rho in the stomach but increased these values in the intestine. The nanocarriers also control the drug release sites and release rate in the GI tract. In conclusion, pH-sensitive nanoparticles seem favourable for drug absorption and it is important to choose the proper materials to obtain the suitable characteristics for the oral pH-sensitive nanoparticles.
DNA Nanotweezers and Graphene Transistor Enable Label‐Free Genotyping

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Electronic DNA‐biosensor with a single nucleotide resolution capability is highly desirable for personalized medicine. However, existing DNA‐biosensors, especially single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) detection systems, have poor sensitivity and specificity and lack real‐time wireless data transmission. DNA‐tweezers with graphene field effect transistor (FET) are used for SNP detection and data are transmitted wirelessly for analysis. Picomolar sensitivity of quantitative SNP detection is achieved by observing changes in Dirac point shift and resistance change. The use of DNA‐tweezers probe with high‐quality graphene FET significantly improves analytical characteristics of SNP detection by enhancing the sensitivity more than 1000‐fold in comparison to previous work. The electrical signal resulting from resistance changes triggered by DNA strand‐displacement and related changes in the DNA geometry is recorded and transmitted remotely to personal electronics. Practical implementation of this enabling technology will provide cheaper, faster, and portable point‐of‐care molecular health status monitoring and diagnostic devices.
An investigation on the performance of different reliability criteria for design of water distribution networks

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Due to the high construction costs of a water distribution network, the least cost design with the most reliability is of great importance. In this paper, a survey was conducted on the performance of different reliability metrics including nodal pressure (PIP), pipe velocity (PIV), pressure difference (ΔH), combined index of pipe velocity and nodal pressure (PI) as well as the network resilience index (NRI), minimum surplus head (MSH) and entropy reliability index (ERI) using NSGA-II optimization algorithm and EPANET hydraulic solver. Reliability metrics were tested on three benchmark water distribution networks: Hanoi, Pescara and Modena and the results were analyzed in three scenarios of 5%, 10%, and 20% pipe failure. Experimental results showed that NRI generally outperforms other metrics and the PIP index is in the second score. These metrics increase the average of network pressure and thus provide higher reliability in the situation of unexpected events like pipe breaks.
Rating of Discrimination Networks for Rule-based Systems

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The amount of information stored in a digital form grows on a daily basis but is mostly only understandable by humans, not machines. A way to enable machines to understand this information is using a representation suitable for further processing, e. g. frames for fact declaration in a Rule-based System. Rule-based Systems heavily rely on Discrimination Networks to store intermediate results to speed up the rule processing cycles. As these Discrimination Networks have a very complex structure it is important to be able to optimize them or to choose one out of many Discrimination Networks based on its structural efficiency. Therefore, we present a rating mechanism for Discrimination Networks structures and their efficiencies. The ratings are based on a normalised representation of Discrimination Network structures and change frequency estimations of the facts in the working memory and are used for comparison of different Discrimination Networks regarding processing costs.
Predicting the Prices of Cryptocurrencies using Deep Learning

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Cryptocurrency is an excellent investment opportunity. Predicting the prices of cryptocurrencies is a problem that has been around since the origin of cryptocurrencies. Many machine learning approaches are proposed to solve the problem but none of them couldn't solve the problem with expected accuracy. Recent developments in deep learning have proven that using deep learning is one of the best approaches for predicting the prices of cryptocurrencies. In this paper, how LSTM networks are an upgrade over the previous solutions (regression, traditional neural networks, simple recurrent neural networks) and how they can be implemented for predicting the price of any cryptocurrency have been demonstarted.
Developing an Alzheimer’s Disease Therapeutic: Identification and Validation of Signaling Pathways Involved in Small Molecule Induction of Nerve Growth Factor

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Nerve growth factor (NGF) has been identified as a key protein involved in preventing neuronal cell death, a hallmark of neurodegeneration due to age and Alzheimer’s Disease. Recent preclinical and clinical Alzheimer’s Disease studies have noted a reduction in the rate of cognitive decline upon treatment with NGF. However, because NGF is unable to penetrate the blood-brain barrier, current means of delivering NGF to the brain are highly invasive and cost-prohibitive. An orally administered small molecule, capable of stimulating the upregulation of NGF in the brain, is preferred. Several small molecules that cause the upregulation of NGF have been discovered through serendipity, but their mechanisms of action are still poorly understood. A thorough investigation into the mechanisms of known inducers of NGF identified Protein Kinase C and the Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase pathway as critical to the upregulation of NGF protein. A series of protein specific agonists and antagonists was employed to validate select members of this signaling pathway, revealing promising targets for the development of neuroprotective therapeutics.
A novel approach for studying direction discrimination

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The use of frictionless moving stimuli to study direction discrimination limits the peripheral neural mechanisms by which information can be encoded. The utility of such stimuli, provided by a novel dense-array tactile stimulator, to address basic psychophysical questions regarding cutaneous motion processing is demonstrated. Data collected to date suggest that direction of simulated motion is discriminated when the product of the length of skin traversed and the duration of stimulation attains or exceeds a criterion -- reflecting a perfect space-time tradeoff or reciprocity at threshold.
FIGURES 78–83 in Novel diatom species (Bacillariophyta) from the freshwater discharge site of Laguna Diablas (Island Isabela = Albemarle) from the Galapagos

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

FIGURES 78–83: Frustulia galapagosaxonica sp. nov. SEM external valve views. Figs 78, 79: axial area of the whole valve, with straight outer raphe slit. Figs 80–82: T-shaped proximal (Fig. 81–arrow) and distal (Fig. 81–arrowhead) raphe ends. Fig. 83: Transapical striae composed of apically aligned areolae. Note small terminal nodule area above the T-shaped distal raphe end (arrow) terminating below the pole.
Soybean Cultivar ‘Hayoung’ with Large Yellow Seeds and Low Stachyose Content, Free of Lipoxygenase, Kunitz Trypsin Inhibitor, and 7S α'-subunit Proteins

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Other SectionsAbstractINTRODUCTIONMATERIALS AND METHODSRESULTS AND DISCUSSIONCONCLUSIONSFigureTableReference
Afterimage appearance and adaptation

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The study of adaptation commonly requires asymmetric matches, where the test and comparison stimuli are viewed in obviously different contexts. This makes matching more subjective. Whittle and others have made effective use of a haploscopic display in which the different backgrounds of the test and comparison stimuli are binocularly fused. We have been exploring an alternative technique for investigating the dynamics and quantitative properties of visual adaptation. We generate adapting fields that have broad Gaussian spatial profiles, embedded in a uniform surround on one or other side of the fixation point. Under steady fixation, the adapting field fades completely over several seconds, creating a subjectively uniform field in which we present, generally simultaneously, two similarly profiled incremental or decremental flashes: the test stimulus, superimposed on the adapting field, and the comparison stimulus, superimposed on the uniform surround. Phenomenally, test and comparison stimuli appear against the same surround, despite their physically different adapting conditions. Unlike typical asymmetric matches, the matches are subjectively unambiguous. After complete fading, test and comparison stimulus match in brightness when they are the same multiple of the incremental (or decremental) threshold measured on their respective backgrounds. When matches are made before the slow fading process is complete, the test stimuli assume a brightness that is not strictly determined by the incremental or decremental temporal transient, but reflects SOME contribution of the slowly fading subjective brightness of the Gaussian background. Both before and after fading, however, the sensitivity loss appropriate to the difference in background intensity is reflected in the matching of the temporal transients. Surfaces, 3D Shape.
Enhancement of the virtual design platform for modeling a functional system architecture of complex cabin systems

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Model-based systems engineering (MBSE) is a fundamental approach for the end-to-end use of digital models in the development of complex systems. The aviation industry in particular, where system complexity is constantly increasing, needs new concepts and methods to overcome ecological and socio-economic challenges. Therefore, domain-specific models are needed for the design and evaluation of systems to support the various system investigations, such as requirements management, installation space optimization, or failure analyses. An end-to-end coupling and linking of these mostly heterogeneous systems offer many advantages (e.g. shorter development times) over working with isolated digital sub-models, natural language documents, and purely physical prototypes. In addition, digitalization allows global and interdisciplinary collaboration of multiple teams of experts on the same virtual product. Since this approach is particularly promising for the configuration of aircraft cabins, a virtual development platform is developed at the German Aerospace Center (DLR) for the conceptual design of the aircraft cabin and its systems. As a result, virtual prototypes of cabin configurations are quickly generated to allow new concepts to be visualized and investigated at an early design stage. Extending the conceptual cabin system design process with a functional system architecture and executable system architecture models promotes information traceability, early failure detection, and requirements verification. The methodology used for this purpose is presented in this paper. The systems modeling language (SysML) is used to build a model for the functional depiction of cabin systems and to link it to existing models of the conceptual cabin design process. The modeling is performed exemplarily for the passenger service functions. Subsequently, the results are automatically transferred to the virtual development platform to experience the generated cabin concept.
Vaccinia Folliculitis After Primary Dryvax Vaccination

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Smallpox vaccination has been associated with a number of rare, but clinically significant, complications including a wide variety of exanthems. Among these is vaccinia folliculitis, which typically coincides with the peak of viral replication at the vaccination site. Viable vaccinia virus has not been isolated from these lesions, which heal without scarring. We report a case of vaccinia folliculitis in a vaccinia-naive laboratory worker who subsequently developed swelling and violet discoloration of his hands and feet. Although vaccinia folliculitis is a benign complication of vaccinia vaccination, it can lead to diagnostic confusion with more severe complications such as generalized vaccinia.
A History of Israel in the Old Testament Period

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Book Review| September 01 1985 A History of Israel in the Old Testament Period A History of Israel in the Old Testament Period, H. Jagersma and John Bowden. C. Gilbert Romero C. Gilbert Romero Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Journal of Biblical Literature (1985) 104 (3): 509–510. https://doi.org/10.2307/3260933 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Twitter Permissions Search Site Citation C. Gilbert Romero; A History of Israel in the Old Testament Period. Journal of Biblical Literature 1 September 1985; 104 (3): 509–510. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/3260933 Download citation file: Zotero Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All Scholarly Publishing CollectiveSBL PressJournal of Biblical Literature Search Advanced Search The text of this article is only available as a PDF. Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
COVID-19 spreading in financial networks: A semiparametric matrix regression model

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Network models represent a useful tool to describe the complex set of financial relationships among heterogeneous firms in the system. In this paper, we propose a new semiparametric model for temporal multilayer causal networks with both intra- and inter-layer connectivity. A Bayesian model with a hierarchical mixture prior distribution is assumed to capture heterogeneity in the response of the network edges to a set of risk factors including the European COVID-19 cases. We measure the financial connectedness arising from the interactions between two layers defined by stock returns and volatilities. In the empirical analysis, we study the topology of the network before and after the spreading of the COVID-19 disease.
Intended Receivers and Functional Significance of Grunt and Girney Vocalizations in Free‐Ranging Female Rhesus Macaques

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract We investigated the intended receivers and contexts of occurrence of grunt and girney vocalizations in rhesus macaques ( Macaca mulatta ) to assess whether these calls are best interpreted as signals of benign intent or as calls that may function to attract the attention of other individuals or induce arousal. We focally observed 19 free‐ranging adult female rhesus macaques. Female calls increased dramatically after infants were born, and most were directed toward mother–infant dyads. When infants were physically separated from their mothers, callers visually oriented toward infants in over 90% of the cases, suggesting that infants were the intended receivers of grunts and girneys. Approaches followed by vocalizations were more likely to lead to the caller grooming the mother, less likely to elicit a submissive response, and more likely to result in infant handling than approaches without calls. Infant handling, however, was not necessarily benign. Vocalizations were often emitted from a distance >1 m and were rarely followed by approaches or social interactions. Our results suggest that grunts and girneys are unlikely to have evolved as signals that encode information about the caller's intention or subsequent behavior. Whereas girneys may be acoustically designed to attract infants’ attention and elicit arousal, grunts may have no adaptive communicative function. Mothers, however, may have learned that other females’ grunts and girneys are unlikely to be associated with significant risk and, therefore, are generally tolerant of the caller's proximity and behavior.
N7‐Methylguanine‐Related Gene Signature Highlights EIF4E as a Novel Therapeutic Target in HER2‐Negative Breast Cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Globally, breast cancer remains one of the most prevalent malignancies and a leading cause of cancer‐related death in women, with over 2.3 million new cases reported annually. Despite treatment advances, one breast cancer type in particular, HER2‐negative breast cancer, lacks precise therapeutic targets. Given the role of N7‐methylguanosine (m7G) in gene regulation and its links to cancer progression, we investigated m7G regulatory gene expression and prognostic potential in HER2‐negative breast cancer. We analysed publicly available breast cancer datasets (The Cancer Genome Atlas and the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO)) to analyse the differential expression of 14 m7G‐regulatory genes. Clustering analysis, based on m7G patterns, categorised HER2‐negative patients into two subgroups. A prognostic model was established through LASSO and Cox regression; subsequently validated by survival analysis, and further supported by functional assays confirming gene function. Our model identified CCNB1 and EIF4E as high‐risk genes, with EIF4E overexpression enhancing cell proliferation, migration and invasion. RNA‐sequencing (RNA‐seq) and pathway analyses showed that upregulated EIF4E activated Wnt signalling and extracellular matrix (ECM) components, processes required for tumour progression. High‐risk patients showed reduced immune cell infiltration and poorer survival outcomes. We highlight m7G regulatory gene potential, particularly EIF4E , as prognostic markers and therapeutic targets for HER2‐negative breast cancer. Targeting EIF4E ‐related pathways could provide new therapeutic strategies to improve breast cancer patient outcomes.