jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Removal of recalcitrant compounds using iron-reducing bacteria

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Recalcitrant compounds are hard to degrade in the natural environment and may cause harm to the environment if left to accumulate. Current wastewater treatment technologies may be too costly or not effective enough to remove these compounds. The aim of this research was to study the conventional wastewater treatment and improve with innovative methods to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of the removal of recalcitrant compounds. The method uses anaerobic bacteria in the anoxic treatment of wastewater from soft drink production. The recalcitrant compound used was sucralose, an artificial sweetener that has increasing usage in food industries. Removal of recalcitrant compounds can be done through microbial-mediated oxidation or reduction under aerobic or anaerobic conditions. Natural iron ore was used as the iron source and model wastewater polluted with sucralose was used as the medium. Adsorption tests were also carried out to determine the adsorption capacity of iron ore as compared to granulated activated carbon (GAC). Adsorption was also carried out at various pH. Lastly, aerobic cultures were carried out on wastewater heated for different durations to test the effects of heat on removal of total organic carbon (TOC). TOC concentration, pH, TOC, total ferrous production and true color were used as parameters for analysis. Based on the studies, treatment of wastewater under anaerobic conditions were unsuccessful. In the adsorption tests, using GAC for the adsorption of TOC is more effective and more economical than using natural iron ore. The optimum pH for adsorption using iron ore was found to be pH 6 to 10. For the experiment to test the effects of heat on biodegradation TOC was removed under aerobic conditions. Further tests using the bacteria isolated shows that the bacteria was ineffective for removing TOC, hence TOC may decrease due to the degradation of other compounds apart from the recalcitrant compounds.
Transformation of Phomopsis viticola with the green fluorescent protein

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Phomopsis viticola is the causal agent of Phomopsis cane and leaf spot on Vitis spp., a persistent and economically important disease in temperate regions. Here we describe the transformation of this fungus with two different constructs (pBHt2_sGFP and pIGPAPA) containing the green fluorescent protein (GFP) and the hygromycin B resistance gene (hph). Protoplast-mediated transformation yielded mitotically stable transformants with no change in virulence on grape internodes and leaves in comparison to the wild type. These transformants will be critical tools for elucidating fungal penetration of host plants, invasive growth and the nature of its host association.
Online survey to assess parents’ experience and preferences for follow-up visits for children living with type 1 diabetes in Quebec, Canada: a study protocol

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Introduction It is accepted that although patients may initiate a visit to a healthcare provider, follow-up visits are often based on recommendations from providers. This suggests that follow-up care, since not initiated by patients, may not reflect patients’ perception of a need for care. However, few studies have examined the burden of regular follow-up care and patients’ perceived value of such care. For parents of children with type 1 diabetes (T1D), follow-up visits are scheduled regardless of how well controlled the diabetes is. Our study examines how benefits and burden from the parents’ perspective could affect their preferences in regard to the frequency of regular follow-up care. Methods We aim to develop an online patient survey to be distributed to parents of children living with T1D in the province of Quebec, Canada. The survey will be available in French and English, and distributed through diabetes clinics, on social media groups and forums for parents of children with T1D. The survey will be developed in collaboration with parents of children with T1D to ensure that it appropriately reflects the services in regular follow-up care and that the language is understandable and clear. Ethics and dissemination All participants will be informed of the requirements and objectives of the survey at the beginning of the questionnaire and that the data collected will remain anonymous and confidential. Ethics approval for the study was obtained from the research ethics committee of the CHU de Québec-Université Laval. Results of the study will be shared with relevant stakeholders with the aim of improving practices and better meeting patients’ and families’ needs.
• K1A 0R6 K1A on6 Canadian Journal Revue canadienne of Forest de recherche

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ii Robert A. Cecich and Neal H. Sullivan 1817-1823 Influence of weather at time of pollination on acorn production of Quercus alba and Quercus velutina Paul C. Van Deusen 1824-1828 Modeling trends with annual survey data Douglas A. Maguire, Stuart R. Johnston, 1829-1840 Predicting branch diameters on second-growth Douglas-fir and James Cahill from tree-level descriptom Gilles Houle 1841-1846 Hutriant availabili_, and plant gender influences on the short-term compensatory response of Salix planifolia ssp. planifolia to simulated leaf herhivory Andrea M. Eastham and Michael J. Jull 1847-1855 Factors affecting natural regeneration of Abies lusiocarpa and Picea engelmanniz: in a subalpine silvicultural systems &quot;- trial Shannon M. Hagerman, Melanle D. Jones, 1856-1870 Ectomycorthizal colonization of Picea engelmannii x Gary E. Bradfieid, and Picea glauca seedlings planted across cut blocks of
Study of the Heterogeneity of a Mixed-Conducting Electrochemical Electrode

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The ionic resistance of membrane–electrode assemblies of oxygen–hydrogen fuel cell electrodes containing platinum nanoparticles on carbon black, carbon nanofibers, and proton-conducting Nafion polymer in a wide range of compositions (10–80 wt %) are studied in situ by the methods of current–voltage characteristics, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and simulation of the impedance hodograph. Conditions that make it possible to correctly determine the ionic resistance of the electrode on the basis of an analysis of the linear approximation of the high-frequency region of the impedance hodograph are found. It is shown that the occurrence of inhomogeneities and an anomalous increase in the ionic resistance with an increase in the content of Nafion in the electrode are associated with a decrease in the volume fraction of water-generation centers (particles of electrochemically active platinum), which leads to incomplete wetting of Nafion.
Germany: No Respite for International Labs

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Berlin—The German government's proposed cuts in its 1997 research and education budget are encountering opposition from parliamentarians trying to protect domestic research. Research and education minister Jurgen Ruttgers is seeking approval for a $10 billion budget—2.5% less than this year—and is also trying to streamline Germany's research centers by reducing government regulation, increasing autonomy, and making the funding process more competitive. Also at stake are the substantial German contributions to four international labs: the CERN particle physics center, the European Southern Observatory, the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, and the Institut Laue-Langevin.
Spatial Dissection of Invasive Front from Tumor Mass Enables Discovery of Novel microRNA Drivers of Glioblastoma Invasion

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Diffuse invasion is the primary cause of treatment failure of glioblastoma (GBM). Previous studies on GBM invasion have long been forced to use the resected tumor mass cells. Here, a strategy to reliably isolate matching pairs of invasive (GBM INV ) and tumor core (GBM TC ) cells from the brains of 6 highly invasive patient‐derived orthotopic models is described. Direct comparison of these GBM INV and GBM TC cells reveals a significantly elevated invasion capacity in GBM INV cells, detects 23/768 miRNAs over‐expressed in the GBM INV cells (miRNA INV ) and 22/768 in the GBM TC cells (miRNA TC ), respectively. Silencing the top 3 miRNAs INV (miR‐126, miR‐369‐5p, miR‐487b) successfully blocks invasion of GBM INV cells in vitro and in mouse brains. Integrated analysis with mRNA expression identifies miRNA INV target genes and discovers KCNA1 as the sole common computational target gene of which 3 inhibitors significantly suppress invasion in vitro. Furthermore, in vivo treatment with 4‐aminopyridine (4‐AP) effectively eliminates GBM invasion and significantly prolongs animal survival times ( P = 0.035). The results highlight the power of spatial dissection of functionally accurate GBM INV and GBM TC cells in identifying novel drivers of GBM invasion and provide strong rationale to support the use of biologically accurate starting materials in understanding cancer invasion and metastasis.
Ontogeny of the ovarian follicular reserve of the African elephant (Loxodonta africana)

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

The aim of this study was to define the ovarian follicular reserve of wild African elephants in terms of its type of small follicles (SF), its establishment and distribution throughout the ovaries, and the change in numbers of SF in the embryo and fetus as well as throughout prepubertal and adult life. The large elephant population in Zimbabwe provided the opportunity to collect ovaries from elephants culled for management reasons and hunted professionally. In total, gross morphological and histological studies were done on the gonadal ridges from 5 embryos (76–96 days post conception) and ovaries from 11 fetuses (4.8–22.2 months), 29 prepubertal females (2 months–10 years), 24 adult females (11–55 years) and 7 aged females (56–70 years). Specimens were fixed in 4% buffered formalin before a series of 25 ìm thick sections were cut and examined using stereological protocols to count SF numbers in each section and thereby calculate the follicle reserve of the whole ovary. Prior to counting SF numbers, their distribution throughout the ovary was studied and the repeatability of counts was validated. Numbers of SF were highest in mid-term fetuses, lower in fetuses during the second half of gestation, even lower in calves younger than 4½ years, whereas the numbers in calves aged 4½–9 years were significantly higher than those in younger calves, and similar to what they were in late-term fetuses. The numbers of SF were substantially and highly significantly lower in elephant 10–15 years in age compared to calves aged 4½9 years, suggesting a reduction around puberty. Thereafter the ovarian reserve fell steadily until depletion around the age of 70 years. During adult life the ovarian reserve was composed of early-primary (EP) and true-primary (TP) follicles. By 45 years of age only TP follicles remained although these enabled oestrous cyclical activity for many more years; of 7 sets of ovaries recovered from females aged 57–70 years, 6 showed evidence of cyclical activity or pregnancy within the preceding 6 years. The study shows that EP and TP form the follicular reserve from before birth until 45 years, with TP forming the reserve thereafter, which depletes in some old elephants and persists to maximum life span in others.
Interim Report: Cultural Resources Extent Testing for 11.8 Acres within the Prehistoric Site of Pueblo Del Rio (AZ T:12:116 (ASM)), Phoenix, Maricopa County, Arizona

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Northland Research, Inc. has completed archaeological testing within a portion of Pueblo del Rio (AZ T:12:116[ASM]), a large Hohokam habitation site located about one mile north of the Salt River. The purpose of the testing was to determine the nature, extent, and significance of subsurface cultural remains within an 11.8-acre parcel located within the previously determined boundaries of the site. The testing included limited surface collections and systematic backhoe trenching to determine if subsurface features were present. Eighty backhoe trenches, totaling 1,584.1 linear meters, were excavated. It is estimated that the Northland backhoe trenching program sampled roughly 2.3 percent of the project area. Eighty-three features were identified and included five pit houses, 10 possible pit houses, two prehistoric canals, 59 non-thermal pits, three thermal pits, two middens, one trash layer, and one secondary cremation. The cremation was reported to the City of Phoenix and to the Salt River Maricopa Indian community and was removed following procedures laid out in the burial agreement; it is awaiting repatriation. No evidence for the historic Farmer’s Canal was identified during testing; however, two large prehistoric canals were identified. The larger of the two may represent Canal Alamo, a major Hohokam canal that served several sites in the central Phoenix Valley including Pueblo del Alamo and Pueblo del Rio. Preliminary indications, based on ceramic evidence, are that the portion of Pueblo del Rio investigated during this project was occupied primarily during the early and middle Pre-Classic period, ca. A.D. 150 to 950. The presence of several deeply buried features in the southern portion of the project area, however, may indicate the presence of an earlier Late Archaic occupation at the site. A final report documenting the results of the testing project is currently being prepared. This report will include descriptions of recorded features and will provide interpretive analyses of the site.
Housing Allowances as Income Support: Comparing European Welfare Regimes

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Most studies of housing allowances focus on their role in housing policy. In contrast, this paper examines housing allowances from an income support perspective. It utilises a modified version of Esping-Andersen's welfare regime typology to examine the income support role of means-tested housing allowances in the EU-15. Using secondary analysis of the 2007 EU-SILC dataset, it examines the prevalence, generosity, degree of targeting and impact on disposable incomes of housing allowances. It demonstrates that they vary both within and between welfare regimes. It also shows that housing allowances are not simply a liberal policy instrument, but are employed extensively within social democratic and conservative welfare regimes; and that they are not only focused on the poorest households. Hence, income-related, housing allowances do not fit the stereotype of means-tested benefits portrayed by Esping-Andersen (1990). Finally, the paper shows that housing allowances have a significant impact upon disposable incomes (after housing costs) and as such have an important income support function.
[2004 census of the Italian nephrology and dialysis units].

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The Italian Society of Nephrology (SIN) promoted a census of the renal and dialysis units to analyze structural and human resources, organizational aspects, activities and epidemiological data. An online 158-item questionnaire for the year 2004 was used. Three hundred sixty-three public renal units, 303 satellite dialysis centers and 295 private dialysis centers were identified, resulting in a total of 961 dialysis centers (16.4 per million population, pmp). The inpatient renal beds were 2,742 (47 pmp). Renal and dialysis activity was performed by 3,728 physicians (64 pmp), of whom 2,964 (80%) were nephrologists. There was no permanent medical assistance in 41% of the satellite dialysis centers. Renal admissions (1,800 pmp) and renal biopsies (99 pmp) were done. The management of the acute renal failure was one of the most relevant activities in the public renal units (13,456 cases, 230 pmp). In 2004 9,858 new cases of end-stage renal disease (169 pmp) were diagnosed. On December 31st 2004, 43,293 patients (741 pmp) were on renal replacement therapy, of whom 89.7% on hemodialysis and 10.3% on peritoneal dialysis. Renal transplant recipients were 16,765 (287 pmp). The benchmark data derived from this census show interesting comparisons between centers, regions and groups of regions. These data realised the clinical management of renal disease in Italy.
Water Kefir: Perbedaan Fiziko Kimia Minuman Fermentasi Kefir dan Kefir Nenas (Ananas comosus)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Water kefir is a fermented beverage made from sugar water or fruit-based starters, fermented using water kefir grains, which are a symbiotic culture of bacteria and yeast (SCOBY). These grains contain a beneficial mix of microorganisms, including species of Lactobacillus, Saccharomyces, and Brettanomyces, which work together to ferment sugar, producing a slightly carbonated and acidic drink. Considering the health benefits of pineapple and water kefir, this study aimed to explore the potential of ready-to-drink pineapple beverages through the application of water kefir. The research was conducted to determine the physicochemical properties, total phenolic content (TPC), and antioxidant activities (DPPH and FRAP) of pineapple kefir and regular kefir beverages. Sampling was conducted at the Food Technology Center, MARDI Malaysia, using a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications. The study parameters included TPC, DPPH, FRAP, pH, BRIX, and acidity. The results revealed that the differences between water kefir and pineapple water kefir showed a highly significant effect (p<0.01) on DPPH, FRAP, and pH, while no significant effect (p>0.05) was observed on BRIX and acidity. Keywords: Fermentation; Prebiotic Beverage, Sugar and Water Kefir.
Review of measures of social status in experimental studies in behavioral sciences and neurosciences

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

El estatus social (ES) ha sido exhaustivamente investigado en el campo de la psicología social, aunque son recientes los aportes de la economía y las neurociencias a su estudio en situaciones experimentales. El ES se ha operacionalizado de diversas maneras y ello ha derivado en contradicciones dentro de las disciplinas interesadas en su estudio. En este artículo revisamos técnicas que utilizaron la habilidad y el azar para generar el ES en estudios experimentales. Nuestra revisión señala que en los estudios analizados prevalece el uso del engaño. Entre las limitaciones frecuentes se destacan el uso inadecuado de la retroalimentación y la falta de evaluación de la dificultad de las tareas. Entre las fortalezas se identificaron aspectos que dotan de mayor realismo la tarea y utilización de diferentes niveles de medición del ES. Finalmente, proponemos una técnica que pretende superar las limitaciones mencionadas e integrar las fortalezas identificadas en las investigaciones relevadas.
Non-achievement of clinical targets in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The study was conducted to determine whether the clinical targets for the control of diabetes recommended by American Diabetes Association can be met in the context of routine diabetes practice. This cross-sectional study was undertaken on 211 type 2 diabetic patients at the Outpatients Diabetes Clinic, Hospital Universisti Sains Malaysia (HUSM) Kubang Kerian, Kelantan between the year 2001-2002. Patients' physical examination and their medical history as well as their family history were obtained by administering a structured questionnaire. Samples of patients' venous blood during fasting were taken and analysed for plasma glucose, glycated haemoglobin and lipid profile. Analysis showed that many patients had comorbidities or complications. A large number of them had poor glycaemic control (73%). Systolic and diastolic blood pressures of 75% and 85% subjects were > or = 130 and > or = 80 mmHg, respectively. Body Mass Index (BMI) values of 66% of the patients were outside the clinical target (BMI > or = 25 in male and > or = 24 kg/m2 in female). The lipid profile showed that 96% of the patients had at least one lipid value outside the clinical target level. In this study, 70% of the patients had total cholesterol > or = 5.2 mmol/L, 87% had LDL cholesterol > or = 2.6 mmol/L, 57% had HDL cholesterol less than the normal range, < or = 1.15 mmol/L in men and < or = 1.4 mmol/L in women, while 46% had triglycerides > or = 1.71 mmol/L. Complications of diabetes were observed in 48% of the total number of patients. As for the patients' systolic blood pressure, age and duration of diabetes were found to have significant effects. Older subjects with a longer duration of diabetes were more hypertensive. Variables that had significant effects on BMI were age, duration of diabetes, glycaemic control and gender. Younger females and newly diagnosed subjects with better glycaemic control (A1C < 7%) were found to have higher BMI values. The overall clinical targets were suboptimal. The prevalence of hyperlipidaemia and hypertension was high. It is imperative that better treatment strategies and methods be adopted to enhance diabetes control and reduce long-term complications of the disease.
United with Christ in the spirit: The pneumatological dimension of the doctrine of justification

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract An important aspect of the consensus reached in the Joint Declaration on the Doctrine of Justification was the understanding of justification as union with Christ. From the Lutheran side, this understanding was dependent on the contributions of the Finnish school of Luther research. The Finns’ understanding of justification has been criticized for its insufficient pneumatological basis, and this criticism might also be applied to the Joint Declaration. This article points to resources in Luther's theology as well as perspectives from Pentecostal theology that might contribute to developing the pneumatological dimension of the doctrine of justification.
Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Matematis Ditinjau dari Self Efficacy: Systematic Literature Review (SLR) di Indonesia

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Mathematics education is very important for survival, therefore students are expected to have good mathematical abilities and attitudes, one of which is problem solving ability and self-efficacy. Solving ability problem Mathematics is one of the abilities that students must have in the 21st century. This study will examine the literature by using a systematic literature review related to how ability solving problem mathematical student self-efficacy reviewed. The literature criteria used in this research are in the form of journal articles indexed by Sinta, or Google Scholar with a maximum publication year of the last 5 years (201 8 -202 2 ). The purpose of this study is to identify, review, and draw conclusions from the literature relevant to how ability solving problem mathematical student reviewed self-efficacy in mathematics subjects. Based on the results of data analysis from the literature that became research data, the level of ability solving problem mathematical different based on self efficacy student in mathematics. By doing this research can provide information related to how ability solving problem mathematical student reviewed self-efficacy and opportunities to conduct research related to ability solving problem mathematics and self-efficacy.