jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A PROSPECTIVE STUDY ON DAILY LOW DOSE CISPLATIN CONCURRENT WITH INTENSITY MODULATED RADIOTHERAPY IN LOCALLY ADVANCED CARCINOMA CERVIX

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Treatment of locally advanced cervical cancer evolved from EBRT alone to EBRT plus ICRT to EBRT with concurrent chemotherapy plus ICRT. Concurrent cisplatin therapy is usually administered on a weekly or three weekly basis. The doses of Cisplatin used in the weekly or three weekly regimen may not be tolerated well by all patients, resulting to fewer patients being able to receive the total planned effective dose of concurrent chemotherapy. Experimental data suggest that antitumor activity of cisplatin may be greater if administered by continuous infusion. Preliminary studies have also shown that low dose, daily Cisplatin with radiotherapy may be better tolerated along with similar response rates, especially in older age patients. Results: Overall 96.8 % (30 out of 31) of the patients had complete response and 3.2% (1 out of 31) patients had partial response. Almost all (except one) the patients in the study received a cumulative dose of 200 mg/m2 of concurrent Cisplatin. Acute grade 3 toxicities were observed mostly in the form of diarrhoea and skin toxicity. Grade 3 diarrhoea occurred in 14 patients (45.2%). Incidence of acute grade 3 skin reaction was seen in 2 patients (6.5%), whereas the incidence of acute grade 3 haematological toxicity , genitourinary toxicity and grade 3 nausea and vomiting was nil. Conclusions: Adaily low dose cisplatin prior to radiotherapy might lead to an increased radiosensitization as well as better tolerance than other regimens.
Statistical Theory of Wave Propagation in a Random Medium and the Irradiance Distribution Function

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The complete statistical description of the waves in a random medium can be obtained from the characteristic functional or the cumulant functional of the wave function. The basic equations of these functionals are found first for the gaussian medium and then for the nongaussian medium. As an application of those equations, the approximate equations of the arbitrary-order coherence functions are derived, which are found to be equivalent to those recently obtained by several authors using different methods. The operational method is introduced to solve the equation of the νth-order moment of the irradiance, and an exact solution is obtained for the particular correlation function of the medium, assuming the gaussian form of the incident wave. The irradiance probability-density function is obtained without approximation by the use of the νth-order moment of irradiance for this particular medium, and is found to be exactly the Rice–Nakagami distribution with respect to the log irradiance. This distribution approaches the log-normal distribution in the outside domain of the wave beam, and is also checked in several points. Finally, the operator representation of the physical variables is introduced, and it is shown that the various equations, e.g., the wave equation and the energy-conservation equation, in the statistical system of the wave plus the random medium can be represented by the same equations as the corresponding equations in the deterministic medium. The discussion is also extended on the basis of DeWolf’s result for the irradiance-distribution function.
Comparative evolution of mipafox-induced delayed neuropathy in rats and hens.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Adult male Long-Evans rats and White Leghorn hens were given 30 mg/kg mipafox ip. Administration of this organophosphorus ester resulted in > or = 89% inhibition of brain and spinal cord neurotoxic esterase activity in both species 4 hr after dosing. Our sequential, comparative study of the bilateral mipafox-induced neuropathy in the medulla and cervical spinal cord in hens and rats demonstrated that the rats had well-developed, vacuolar axonopathic lesions in the fasciculus gracilis by post-dosing day 7. Severely affected rats with such lesions were noted through day 21, but not subsequently (days 28 and 35). The hen had a slower developing, but more severe, consistent and longer lasting neuropathy than the rat. In these birds, lesions in the medulla and rostral cervical spinal cord levels were more extensive, involving large regions of both the spinocerebellar tracts and fasciculus gracilis. Neuropathic changes, including myelinated fiber axonopathy and Wallerian-like degeneration, were prominent from days 14 - 35 in hens, and were associated with prominent gliosis in the later stages.
Two-frame phase-shifting interferometry for testing optical surfaces

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Standard phase-shifting interferometry (PSI) generally requires collecting at least three phase-shifted interferograms to extract the physical quantity being measured. Here, we propose the application of a simple two-frame PSI for the testing of a range of optical surfaces, including flats, spheres, and aspheres. The two-frame PSI extracts modulated phase from two randomly phase-shifted interferograms using a Gram-Schmidt algorithm, and can work in either null testing or non-null testing modes. Since only two interferograms are used for phase demodulation and the phase shift amount can be random, requirements on environmental conditions and phase shifter calibration are greatly relaxed. Experimental results of three different mirrors suggest that the two-frame PSI can achieve comparable measurement precision with conventional multi-frame PSI, but has faster data acquisition speed and less stringent hardware requirements. The proposed two-frame PSI expands the flexibility of PSI and holds great potential in many applications.
Aneurysm of the Splenic Artery

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This paper records an incidence of 10·4% of aneurysm of the splenic artery in 250 consecutive routine post-mortem examinations. Medial degeneration seemed to be the commonest cause of such aneurysms and although a number were associated with other intraabdominal pathology, including portal hypertension, the association may be fortuitous and not causal.
Evaluation Of Genetoxic Effect Of Radiation Over Vegetal Embryos In Species With Different Radiosensibilities

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract This study presents the effects induced by X-rays, medium doses (20-70 Gy), over the meristematic tissues of three cereal species: one of barley and two of wheat. The cytogenetic investigation was based on the response of young seedlings during their very early ontogenetic stages to the ionizing radiation exposure. The study was focused on the identification and counting of the chromosomal aberrations for various doses compared to the control samples. Qualitative evaluation revealed: interchromatidian bridges, expulsed chromosomes or chromosome fragments, and complex aberrations (combination of the already mentioned ones). The different behavior of these three species was discussed over the mitotic index, the number of abnormal ana-telophases and over the percentages of the mitosis phases. In each case, the mitotic index was increased in comparison with the control, and also the number of aberrations was found increased; however no evident mathematical correlations with applied doses could be established.
The codon adapted immORFs <i>PaORF4ms</i> and <i>KlORF3ms</i> confer resistance to the respective toxins PaT and zymocin.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

<p>A: <i>S</i>. <i>cerevisiae</i> CEN.PK2-1c transformed with yeast episomal vectors carrying <i>ADH1pr</i> fusions of either the A/T-rich (<i>PaORF4</i> and <i>KlORF3</i>) or the A/T-decreased (<i>PaORF4ms</i> and <i>KlORF3ms</i>) immunity genes or the empty vector (control) were dropped on YPD agar, inoculated with <i>P</i>. <i>acaciae</i> (PaT) or <i>K</i>. <i>lactis</i> (zymocin) at the rim and incubated over night at 30°C. B: Microtiter plate assays. Supernatants from a <i>P</i>. <i>acaciae</i> culture were added in different concentrations (RCF) to micro cultures of the yeast strains described in A. Relative growth was determined (OD<sub>600nm</sub>) after 24 hours at 30°C; values refer to strains grown in toxin-free medium. A relative concentration factor (RCF) of 1 relates to the toxin concentration in non diluted supernatants. Each value represents a mean of triplicates.</p>
Enhanced SPK Encryption Algorithm for File Encryption Using Java

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The encryption process is the method such that a normal plain text is coded in various ways using different algorithms so that the data gets unreadable and can only be read by decoding the data using decryption methods. Encryption is necessary for obtaining data integrity and safety. It helps with secure data flow in any network. So during this encryption obviously we will be experiencing some overhead. This paper focuses on the different encryption methods and algorithms and how each algorithm behaves with different kinds of files such as text file, MP3, PNG etc. The algorithms used were AES, DES, RSA, and another encryption algorithm which was formulated by ourselves. The execution time and the difference in the file size was measured. Graphs were plotted accordingly and the measured quantities were compared.
The Orthopedic Athletic Trainer's Handbook

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Athletic trainers (ATs) are comprehensive health care providers educated with a medically based education model. They are trained professionals providing comprehensive patient care in five domains of clinical practice: (1) prevention, (2) clinical evaluation & diagnosis, (3) immediate & emergency care, (4) treatment & rehabilitation, and (5) organizational/professional health & wellbeing. Recent literature describes the benefits of ATs working in the orthopedic practice; outlining their clinical effectiveness, demonstrating their return on investment, and emphasizing their overall value.1 2 However, in order for ATs to successfully perform in the orthopedic occupational setting, educational curricula and resources are needed to enhance the orthopedic ATs functions, duties, and responsibilities. The Orthopedic Athletic Trainer’s Handbook was created with this intention. It includes illustrations, images, and appendices as references to assist the orthopedic AT’s practice. The Orthopedic Athletic Trainer’s Handbook is composed of basic and advanced concepts founded on the clinical domains of athletic training – specifically from the fields of orthopedic technology and emergency medical technology. Part I describes information regarding educational and national requirements for certification in the aforementioned areas, as well as background on current development of national standards for athletic training educational curricula and suggested routes aimed at reimbursement for services. Part II is the handbook itself: an illustrated comprehensive reference designed to provide quick, concise, and helpful information for orthopedic athletic trainers when they need it most. Divided into sections for easy reference, the handbook includes checklists, mnemonics, diagrams, and protocols to guide the athletic trainer in the field or clinic.
V-notches on the impact strength and transition temperature of mild-steel specimens are related to the redistribution of plastic strain as revealed by dislocation etch pitting

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Two small holes (0.0292 in.), appropriately drilled near the root of a Charpy V-notch, have been shown to reduce markedly the Charpy V-notch transi- tion temperature of various steels. In the present study, three experimental techniques were used to define the ef- fect of two holes on the mechanics of deformation and fracture of notched bars loaded in three- and four-point bending: (1) two-dimensional photoelastic stress anal- yses were performed on models of both the standard Charpy and drilled geometries; (2) a sensitive disloca- tion etch-pitting technique was used to observe directly the plastic-strain fields developed in V-notch samples of Fe- 3% Si alloy loaded in slow bending; and (3) the Charpy striker was instrumented to record load-time curves during impact-bending and thereby determine the dynamic fracture strength of notched and drilled mild- steel samples. It was determined that two holes do not significantly reduce the elastic stress-concentration fac- tor although they cause considerable redistribution of the local shear stresses around the notch. Consequently, the elastic-plastic state develops quite differently in the presence of two holes, and hole drilling can increase the load-carrying capacity of notched mild-steel bars by more than 100 percent even when bars fail by brittle cleavage prior to general yielding. The implications of these results with respect to other forms of stress- relieving notches are discussed.
Targeting mitochondrial dynamics: an in-silico approach for repurposing antifungal drugs in OSCC treatment

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Drug repurposing for cancer treatment is a valuable strategy to identify existing drugs with known safety profiles that could combat the neoplasm, by reducing costs. Oral squamous cell carcinoma, an ulcer-proliferative lesion on the mucosal epithelium, is the most common oral malignancy. About 10% of cancer patients within the Indian subcontinent suffer from OSCC, primarily due to chewing of betel plant derivatives. Concomitant administration of the chemotherapeutic agent (Cisplatin/Paclitaxel) is the treatment of choice. Analysis of the oral mycobiome of OSCC patients has projected the role of Candida albicans in potentiating OSCC. Hence, repurposing antifungal drugs emerges as a promising approach, as these drugs could target both the cancer cells and the infection. Cancer cells often have heightened energy requirements, and targeting mitochondrial proteins to disrupt mitochondrial division and induce dysfunction contributing to cell death, offers a method for treating OSCC. We identified 18 mitochondrial targets playing a crucial role in the maintenance of mitochondrial homeostasis. They were docked against 125 antifungal ligand molecules sourced from PUBCHEM. Ligand profiling was performed using Lipinski's rule of 5, SwissADME and ProTox. Also, molecular dynamics and MM-PBSA were performed to validate our results. Among all protein ligand interactions, we observed that targeting DRP1 with itraconazole yielded superior binding and stability. Overall, lower toxicity and thumping ADME properties solidified the choice of ligand. We hope this experimental approach will enable us to provide a basis for selecting a lead molecule for a possible novel nano-formulation and validate our finding through in-vitro cell line-based testing.
Hapten-specific T cell responses to 4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl acetyl.

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Abstract The primary anti-(4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)acetyl (NP) antibody response is known to have a heteroclitic fine specificity, i.e., anti-NP antibodies bind (4-hydroxy-5-iodo-3-nitrophenyl)acetyl (NIP) with greater affinity than NP itself. Past studies of NP-specific DTH responses and NP-specific T cell-mediated suppression have demonstrated sharing of fine specificity patterns and idiotypic structure between receptors on NP-specific T cells and anti-NP antibodies. We now analyze the fine specificity of NP-specific cutaneous sensitivity (CS) reactions to NP-O-succinimide (NP-O-Su) and NIP-O-succinimide (NIP-O-Su). The specificity of these responses is shown to be controlled by genes in the Igh gene complex. Cross-reactive CS responses induced by NP-O-Su elicited by NIP-O-Su were observed in strains of mice possessing the Igh-1b allotype but not in strains bearing the Igh-1c or Igh-1j allotypes. The CS reactivity could be adoptively transferred to naive recipients, and the ability of transfer CS reactivity was T cell dependent. In contrast to the genetic requirement for I-A region homology to adoptively transfer DTH reactions, compatibility at either the H-2K, H-21, or H-2D regions was sufficient to transfer NP-specific CS reactivity to naive recipients. Furthermore, in contrast to DTH responses, cyclophosphamide pretreatment was not required to induce CS responsiveness. Thus, the specificity of NP-O-Su-induced CS responses is controlled by both H-2- and Igh-linked genes.
What challenges will bring Smart Industry for manufacturing SME

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Since the first public mentioning of the terms Industry 4.0 in 2011 researchers and companies are occupied with working on definitions and mentioning the great things that will happen the coming years to the manufacturing industry. Larger companies have the resources to work on these issues and already benefit from this revolution. This research is developed to contribute to the research area focussed on SMEs and the challenges these enterprises will be facing with regard to the Industry 4.0 and Smart Industry revolution. The research finds several general challenges that are common among every company size and industry. But the relevance of challenges can differ between different company sizes. This is substantiated with the help of literature review and case study at a SME.
Insulinlike growth factor II and transforming growth factor β regulate collagen expression in human osteoblastlike cells in vitro

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Insulinlike growth factor II (IGF-II) and transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) are the most abundant polypeptide growth factors found in human bone matrix and are produced by human bone cells in vitro. IGF-II and TGF-β, increased total protein synthesis, collagenous protein synthesis, and the steady-state level of type I procollagen mRNA in a time-dependent manner in osteoblastlike cells isolated from human bone. Type III procollagen mRNA expression was low in untreated cultures and was not affected by IGF-II or TGF-β. TGF-β, elevated type I procollagen mRNA rapidly, with the maximal observed change at 10 h. In contrast, procollagen mRNA levels increased more slowly in response to IGF-II and reached a lower maximal level than with TGF-β, but the response was sustained through 24 h. Collagenous protein synthesis in IGF-II- and TGF-β-treated cells increased in parallel with increases in procollagen mRNA levels and was higher at 21 h for TGF-β, and at 36 h for IGF-II. The difference in the time course and magnitude of change in type I procollagen mRNA levels in response to IGF-II and TGF-β, suggests that these two growth factors work through distinct mechanisms that provide both a rapid transient response and a later sustained response in bone matrix biosynthetic activity.
Using MediaWiki to Enhance Mathematics Learning in Engineering Schools

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Abstract WikiMatematica.org: Using Wikimedia to Enhance Mathematics Learning Abstract The increasing use of Wikimedia has changed the way students learn mathematicsand other sciences. Most of Internet users visit pages like wikipedia.org to learn abouta particular area of interest. These web pages have gained so much popularity that ex-perts have started consolidating their knowledge on them and have made their contentas well edited as a book. This which makes these sites less understandable for studentsthat are seeking a more `naive' approach to help them visualize the material prior togoing to the rigorousness of books. Given that, more and more students are using computers to prepare their reviews,homework and so on. Why not provide them with a tool that lets them not only createtheir own material, but also nd several articles written by other students like them-selves as well as videos or lectures related to the topic? While answering this question,on June 2010, we started conducting an experiment with 200 engineering students atUniversidad Galileo in Guatemala. In this study students were given access to the web-page wikimatematica.org to input mathematical content in the way they understoodit. We started having around 20 visits per day and we had 5 articles produced, withonly Guatemalan students accessing it. By June 2011 there are around 600 articlesand more than 5000 visits per day, where only 2% of them are from Guatemala andthe rest from countries like Mexico, Spain, Chile, Ecuador, Venezuela, Colombia andUnited States of America, among others. Some of the many features that make wikimatematica.org dierent than web pageslike wikipedia.org is that students can add videos of lectures or explanations they founduseful when studying a particular area. Also, most of the time, students can nd ma-terial explained in a less rigorous manner, helping them by providing a comprehensiveoverview of the topic they are trying to learn. Nowadays wikimatematica.org is used as a reference at several Universities in LatinAmerica serving as a compliment to several mathematics courses, mostly in engineeringschools. The increasing necessity of web-tools to teach the new generation of studentsis forcing us to nd better ways to attract their attention and use it to generate contentuseful for the rest of the world, like what wikimatematica.org users are doing. 1
Faculty Opinions recommendation of A directional switch of integrin signalling and a new anti-thrombotic strategy.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Integrins have a critical role in thrombosis and haemostasis. Antagonists of the platelet integrin αIIbβ3 are potent anti-thrombotic drugs, but also have the life-threatening adverse effect of causing bleeding. It is therefore desirable to develop new antagonists that do not cause bleeding. Integrins transmit signals bidirectionally. Inside-out signalling activates integrins through a talin-dependent mechanism. Integrin ligation mediates thrombus formation and outside-in signalling, which requires Gα13 and greatly expands thrombi. Here we show that Gα13 and talin bind to mutually exclusive but distinct sites within the integrin β3 cytoplasmic domain in opposing waves. The first talin-binding wave mediates inside-out signalling and also ligand-induced integrin activation, but is not required for outside-in signalling. Integrin ligation induces transient talin dissociation and Gα13 binding to an EXE motif (in which X denotes any residue), which selectively mediates outside-in signalling and platelet spreading. The second talin-binding wave is associated with clot retraction. An EXE-motif-based inhibitor of Gα13-integrin interaction selectively abolishes outside-in signalling without affecting integrin ligation, and suppresses occlusive arterial thrombosis without affecting bleeding time. Thus, we have discovered a new mechanism for the directional switch of integrin signalling and, on the basis of this mechanism, designed a potent new anti-thrombotic drug that does not cause bleeding. PMID: 24162846 Funding information This work was supported by: NHLBI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: HL080264 NHLBI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: HL109439 NHLBI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: T32 HL007829 NHLBI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01 HL109439 NHLBI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01 HL062350 NHLBI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01 HL080264 NHLBI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: HL062350 More Less keyboard_arrow_down