jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Modification of Decellularized Goat-Lung Scaffold with Chitosan/Nanohydroxyapatite Composite for Bone Tissue Engineering Applications

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Decellularized goat-lung scaffold was fabricated by removing cells from cadaver goat-lung tissue, and the scaffold was modified with chitosan/nanohydroxyapatite composite for the purpose of bone tissue engineering applications. MTT assay with osteoblasts, seeded over the chitosan/nanohydroxyapatite-modified decellularized scaffold, demonstrated significantly higher cell growth as compared to the decellularized scaffold without modification. SEM analysis of cell-seeded scaffold, after incubation for 7 days, represented a good cell adhesion, and the cells spread over the chitosan/nanohydroxyapatite-modified decellularized scaffold. Expression of bone-tissue-specific osteocalcin gene in the osteoblast cells grown over the chitosan/nanohydroxyapatite-modified decellularized scaffold clearly signifies that the cells maintained their osteoblastic phenotype with the chitosan/nanohydroxyapatite-modified decellularized scaffold. Therefore, it can be concluded that the decellularized goat-lung scaffold-modified with chitosan/nanohydroxyapatite composite, may provide enhanced osteogenic potential when used as a scaffold for bone tissue engineering.
Influence of Potential Evapotranspiration on the Water Balance of Sugarcane Fields in Maui, Hawaii

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The year-long warm temperatures and other climatic characteristics of the Pacific Ocean Islands have made Hawaii an optimum place for growing sugarcane; however, irrigation is essential to satisfy the large water demand of sugarcane. Under the Hawaiian tropical weather, actual evapotranspiration (AET) is the primary mechanism by which water is removed from natural and agricultural systems. The Hawaiian Commercial and Sugar Company (HC&S), the largest sugarcane grower of the Hawaiian Islands, has developed a locally optimized AET equation for the purpose of water management on its 184.3 km2 sugarcane plantation on the Island of Maui. In this paper, in order to assess the influence of AET on the hydrological water balance of the HC&S' sugarcane cropping system, the performance of the HC&S method was compared with three physically-based methods: Penman-Monteith, Priestley-Taylor, and Hargreaves, as well as, to a set of historical pan evaporation data. A Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) project was setup to estimate the water balance in two sugarcane fields: a windy lowland field and a rocky highland field on a hill slope. Under Hawaiian weather conditions, wind speed was found to be the most influential climatic parameter over potential evapotranspiration (PET); therefore, the results with both Hargreaves and Priestley-Taylor underpredicted PET by approximately 30%, presumably because these methods do not take wind speed into account. The HC&S method was demonstrated to be the most accurate PET method compared to the other commonly used PET equations, with less than 10% error. Of the annual total water supply of 3400 mm, AET accounted for 75% - 80% of the total water consumption. These findings can be used to improve the irrigation efficiency as well as other management scenarios to optimize water use on the Island of Maui.
Power and innovative capacity: Explaining variation in intellectual property rights regulation across trade agreements

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The extent to which intellectual property rights (IPRs) are regulated varies strongly across preferential trade agreements (PTAs). What explains this variation? We argue that deep IPRs are mainly found in PTAs characterized by large differences in power and innovative capacity across member states. Computational text analysis on the IPR sections included in 467 PTAs signed between 1994 and 2020 allows us to test our expectation. The results show that, indeed, power asymmetries combined with asymmetries in innovative capacity drive deep IPR provisions. Our account adjusts the conventional wisdom that sees the developed North forcing IPRs on the developing South in a subtle but important way. In fact, we find that the internationalization of IPR regulation is not just driven by countries that form part of the traditional Global North.
Awareness of parents and infants on radiation leak in Fukushima in Japan

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

본 연구는 일본의 후쿠시마 방사선 누출에 관한 유치원의 유아와 학부모의 인식을 조사하여 국민건강자료를 제공하는데 의의가 있으며, 2011년 7월 G광역시 H유치원 학부모 101명과 유치원에 재원중인 만5세아 54명 총 155명에게 설문지를 배부하여 회수된 설문지 학부모 97명 만5세아(남27명, 여23명) 50명 총 147명의 자료를 조사하여 분석하였다. 결론적으로 일본 후쿠시마 방사선 누출 피해에 대해 언론의 역할이 대단히 중요하며, 유치원에서도 구체적이고 실제적인 교육과정으로 유아와 학부모에게 교육, 홍보해야만 국민복지 향상에도 도움이 될 것이다. The object of this study is to suggest national health material on the basis of awareness of parents and infants on radiation leak in Fukushima in Japan. This research investigated and analysed the 147 questionnaire forms out of 155 who are composed of 97 parents in 'H' kindergarten living in 'G' metropolitan city and 50 infants (5 years old, 27boys and 23 girls). In conclusion, the role of press is very important on the matter of radiation leak damage, and as a result, specific and practical management of curriculum regarding it is essential to provide parents and infants with useful information to improve national wellbeing.
Is Really Debt a Man's Whip?

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

There is a growing concern for ever increasing external debt stock of countries in the worldwide. Coupled with resent global crises, the sustainability and efficient use of external debt becomes more and more important. To this end, we have tested the hypothesis of external debt led growth hypothesis for the case of Turkish economy. Our result has confirmed that Turkey's external debt both sustainable and efficiently used, at least for the last decade or so. The overall result proves also the reality of Turkish proverb "debt is a man's whip".
Risk Assessment Based Maintenance Management for Distribution Network

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Aiming at maintenance management of distribution network, this paper proposes a new maintenance technology based on risk assessment. It includes the procedure of risk assessment and the method of decision-making. The basic technical framework, which applies RBM to the maintenance management of distribution network is established. In the risk decision-making, the maintenance cost and maintenance profit concepts are introduced. With the help of risk assessment theory and interval analysis, the proposed technology is much more economical and operable. Application of the technology in an actual distribution network shows that it can evaluate the risk of equipment comprehensively and make decision-making quick and effective. Therefore, the technology proposed has good application prospect.
Origination and Function of Plant Pseudogenes

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Pseudogenes, nonfunctional genomic sequences derived from functional protein-coding genes, form by duplication or retrotransposition, and loss of gene function by disabling mutations. Studies on the evolution and functional aspects of plant pseudogenes are limited, despite their abundance in the plant genome. To date, most researches on pseudogenes focus on mammals. Here, we summarized current knowledge on pseudogenes including the historical and recent progress, analyzes their essential roles in gene regulation in hope of further stimulating researches in plant species for understanding gene regulation and evolution.
Ultrasound Imaging of the Menstrual Cycle

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract The menstrual cycle is nature's repeating preparation for pregnancy. Each month, the uterine lining develops in anticipation of implantation by a fertilized ovum. If this occurs, hormones from the reproductive organs stabilize the vascular tissue of the endometrium which provides an environment for the developing embryo. If the awaited implantation does not occur, the endometrium is sloughed due to a rapid drop in circulating levels of progesterone. This process starts during the early teenage years of a female's development (menarche) and repeats 400-500 times over the next 40 years. Normally, this process is interrupted only by pregnancy; however, other factors can certainly influence both the cycle length, volume, and the duration of each menses. Ultrasound imaging provides a noninvasive method to visualize the internal reproductive organs, the endometrium, and the embryo if implantation occurs. This relatively inexpensive evaluation provides an easy and cost effective method to examine potential problems associated with the female reproductive organs. Advances in computer software and hardware coupled with new ultrasound equipment has provided exciting 3-D and 4-D images that generate near life-like images. In the guiding hand of a trained physician or sonographer, ultrasound enhances diagnostic capability and gives reassurance to the patient.
Sensory system design for an automated construction quality assessment robot system

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The issues of the quality of a house is paramount for the owner in Singapore. The quality of the house is subjected to defects such as hollowness, crack, unevenness etc. To resolve these issues, the BCA is using a comprehensive method called CONQUAS to evaluate the quality of the house. Despite the increasing interest in academic, having a robotic system for CONQUAS are still very scarce. Therefore, this report intended to design and construct a robotic system to aid in the inspection. This robotic system will consist of a set of imaging camera and sensors to evaluate the quality. This design, which was similar to a trolley architecture, allow integration and interoperability between the mobile robots and sensor. It is the first time that such a robot designed for inspection. The advantage of having this robotic system is that it is able to become standalone when the mobile robot is malfunction, hence making this system more durable. Autonomous scanning can be achieve and scanning view can be expand to take in more data. However as this is still a prototype, there are drawback like the mounting of the mobile platform to the mobile robot, the wiring and the limitation of the inspection instrument. Likewise, this report will mainly focus on the process of the designing the platform and the motion of the motor control.
Visualizing shear Alfve/spl acute/n wave currents near the ion-Cyclotron frequency

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We present measurements of the three-dimensional structure of shear Alfve/spl acute/n wave currents near the ion-cyclotron frequency. The waves are launched by modulating an electron current filament with transverse size on the order of the electron collisionless skin depth. The component of the current parallel to the background magnetic field is carried by the electrons, while the cross-field current comprises both the ion-polarization and E/spl times/B currents.
Measurement of Antioxidant Activity of Anserine, Taurine, and L - Histidine in vitro and Content of Anserine, Taurine, and L - Histidine in Mature and Juvenile Rainbow Trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss) Muscle

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The content of anserine, taurine, and L-histidine was measured by HPLC in the muscle of mature(670~690g) and juvenile(80~120g) rainbow trout farmed in Chungsun, Korea. The concentration of anserine and taurine was higher in mature rainbow trout than in juvenile, but that of L-histidine was lower in mature than in juvenile. When measured with the chemiluminescence(CL) assay, anserine and taurine showed very powerful antioxidative activity above physiological concentration of rainbow trout. Taurine still showed antioxidative activity below physiological concentration, while anserine showed prooxidative activity below that. L-Histidine was prooxidative dose-dependently. In TBA method, while taurine showed very week antioxidative effect, anserine appeared very powerful antioxidant and L-histidine prooxidant at physiological concentration. There was no synergism between anserine and taurine and anserine inhibited prooxidative effect of L-histidine.
‘Keep calm, stay safe, and drink bubble tea’: Commodifying the crisis of Covid-19 in Singapore advertising

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Advertisements employ multimodal configurations of semiotic resources in an effort to lead consumers to draw particular meanings from desired consumption behaviors. This analysis examines the deployment of such resources in advertising during the global Covid-19 pandemic, focusing on the Southeast Asian nation of Singapore. We identify five discourses that offer distinct framings of Covid-19 as a challenge for workers, a wellness issue, a threat to home and family, a challenge for women, and a threat to the Singapore lifestyle. Undergirded by neoliberal notions such as the productivity imperative, these discourses rationalize a range of consumer behaviors as necessary and justified in the struggle to defeat the virus. Advertisements are argued to place the burden of navigating the pandemic primarily on women via the evocation of power femininity. We propose a new framework, crisis commodification , as a means of understanding the ideological mechanisms at play in Covid-19 advertising. (Critical discourse analysis, crisis commodification, semiotic analysis, advertising, public health, Southeast Asia)*
The Powerless Therapist and the Helpless Borderline: Acceptance, Aloneness, and Dyadic Joining

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The encounter between therapist and borderline patient brings with it a humbling experience of powerlessness. The therapist or helping agent must confront her or his own feelings of inability to change anything in the patient's mental or material life. With this comes a corresponding reality that the locus of therapeutic action remains very circumscribed indeed. Many therapists, particularly new ones to the field, may feel overwhelmed by anxiety, grief, guilt, and fear, tempting them to jump precipitously into interpretations or thinly veiled advice-giving—or, alternatively, to deflect emotion with hollow “empathic” mirroring. By actively getting in touch with and using his or her experience of powerlessness, however, the therapist can find a way forward that relies on dyadic joining and a more useful conception of the therapist/patient system (whose dynamics, as we will see, are also increasingly clarified thanks to emergent neuroscience findings). Central aspects of this approach have been present since borderline first appeared in the literature, continuing through more recent contributions, notably those of Marsha Linehan and the Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) school.
Design, Development and Formulation of Mucoadhesive In-situ Nasal Gel of Meperidine Hydrochloride

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Mucoadhesive thermo reversible in-situ nasal gel of Meperidine HCl was designed and developed to sustain its release due to the increased nasal residence time of the formulation. Poloxamer 407 (PF 127) was selected as it has excellent thermo sensitive gelling properties. HPMCK4M was added to impart mucoadhesive to the formulation, and PEG 400 was used to enhance the drug release. 32 Factorial designs were employed to assess the effect of concentration of HPMCK4M and PEG 400 on the performance of in-situ nasal gel systematically and to optimize the formulation. Meperidine Hydrochloride is a centrally acting analgesic. It has 33% bioavailability due to its first pass effect and hence possesses problems in the development of oral sustained release formulations. An optimized in-situ nasal gel was evaluated for appearance, pH, drug content, gelation temperature, mucoadhesive force, viscosity and ex-vivo permeability of drug through nasal mucosa of a goat. Additionally, this formulation was proved to be safe as histopathological studies revealed no deleterious effect on nasal mucosa of a goat after prolonged exposure of 21 days to the optimized formulation. Thus the release of Meperidine Hydrochloride can be sustained if formulated in an in-situ nasal gel containing poloxamer 407 to achieve its prolonged action.
Morale: a spectrum of attitudes among nurses.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Survey research among a sample of just over 900 nurses reveals that at any time there are some factors operating to enhance morale while other factors are constraints upon morale. It is suggested that a number of current problems relating to nursing morale can be solved only by that profession itself. Within the article several avenues for such ameliorative action are suggested or implied. Among many nurses there is evidence of considerable tenacity in their dedication.
Impact of a farmers’ market nutrition coupon programme on diet quality and psychosocial well-being among low-income adults: protocol for a randomised controlled trial and a longitudinal qualitative investigation

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Introduction Low-income populations have poorer diet quality and lower psychosocial well-being than their higher-income counterparts. These inequities increase the burden of chronic disease in low-income populations. Farmers’ market subsidies may improve diet quality and psychosocial well-being among low-income populations. In Canada, the British Columbia (BC) Farmers’ Market Nutrition Coupon Programme (FMNCP) aims to improve dietary patterns and health among low-income participants by providing coupons to purchase healthy foods from farmers’ markets. This study will assess the impact of the BC FMNCP on the diet quality and psychosocial well-being of low-income adults and explore mechanisms of programme impacts. Methods and analysis In a parallel group randomised controlled trial, low-income adults will be randomised to an FMNCP intervention (n=132) or a no-intervention control group (n=132). The FMNCP group will receive 16 coupon sheets valued at CAD$21/sheet over 10–15 weeks to purchase fruits, vegetables, dairy, meat/poultry/fish, eggs, nuts and herbs at farmers’ markets and will be invited to participate in nutrition skill-building activities. Overall diet quality (primary outcome), diet quality subscores, mental well-being, sense of community, food insecurity and malnutrition risk (secondary outcomes) will be assessed at baseline, immediately post-intervention and 16 weeks post-intervention. Dietary intake will be assessed using the Automated Self-Administered 24-hour Dietary Recall. Diet quality will be calculated using the Healthy Eating Index-2015. Repeated measures mixed-effect regression will assess differences in outcomes between groups from baseline to 16 weeks post-intervention. Furthermore, 25–30 participants will partake in semi-structured interviews during and 5 weeks after programme completion to explore participants’ experiences with and perceived outcomes from the programme. Ethics and dissemination Ethical approval was obtained from the University of Calgary Conjoint Health Research Ethics Board, Rutgers University Ethics and Compliance, and University of Waterloo Office of Research Ethics. Findings will be disseminated through policy briefs, conference presentations and peer-reviewed publications. Trial registration number NCT03952338 .
MotifCut: regulatory motifs finding with maximum density subgraphs

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Motivation: DNA motif finding is one of the core problems in computational biology, for which several probabilistic and discrete approaches have been developed. Most existing methods formulate motif finding as an intractable optimization problem and rely either on expectation maximization (EM) or on local heuristic searches. Another challenge is the choice of motif model: simpler models such as the position-specific scoring matrix (PSSM) impose biologically unrealistic assumptions such as independence of the motif positions, while more involved models are harder to parametrize and learn. Results: We present MotifCut, a graph-theoretic approach to motif finding leading to a convex optimization problem with a polynomial time solution. We build a graph where the vertices represent all k-mers in the input sequences, and edges represent pairwise k-mer similarity. In this graph, we search for a motif as the maximum density subgraph, which is a set of k-mers that exhibit a large number of pairwise similarities. Our formulation does not make strong assumptions regarding the structure of the motif and in practice both motifs that fit well the PSSM model, and those that exhibit strong dependencies between position pairs are found as dense subgraphs. We benchmark MotifCut on both synthetic and real yeast motifs, and find that it compares favorably to existing popular methods. The ability of MotifCut to detect motifs appears to scale well with increasing input size. Moreover, the motifs we discover are different from those discovered by the other methods. Availability: MotifCut server and other materials can be found at motifcut.stanford.edu Contact: fratkin@cs.stanford.edu
Sources of growth: A reconsideration and general equilibrium application to Indonesia

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

A Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model of Indonesia is developed in which total factor productivity growth in manufacturing is endogenously determined. Productivity growth is conceptualized as human and social capital accumulation, mediated by learning and institutional development stimulated by the trade regime. These factors are modeled as externalities determined by export growth and capital equipment imports. The model is used to analyze the gains deriving from the externalities, and subsidies that amplify their effects, leading Indonesia to acquire Korea-like institutions sooner. The growth and fiscal implications of such counterfactual simulations are analyzed in a realistic general equilibrium framework with a fully articulated public sector.
The Market as an Object of Attachment: Exploring Postsocial Relations in Financial Markets

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper rests on the assumption of an increased presence and relevance of object worlds in the social world. !t holds that this influx of object worlds coincides with changing patterns of human relatedness that can be gIossed by the notion postsocial forms. Postsocial forms include object-relationships where the objects are non-human entities. One characteristic of the present situation is that perhaps for the first time in recent history it appears unclear whether other persons are, for human beings. the most fascinating part of their environment. Objects rnay also be the risk winners of the relationship risks which many authors find inherent in contemporary human relations. Postsocial forms "step into the place" of social relations where these empty out, where they lose some of the meaningfulness they have had in earlier periods. A condition for understanding Ihis role of objects is that we develop, in sodal theory, adequate concepts of objects that break with the tradition of seeing them merely as abstract technologies that promote alienation or as fetishized commodities that freeze and numb any human or political potential (Marx). In this paper, we use a different conception developed in an earlier paper. We also explore in some detail a notion of postsocial relatedness that is based on the idea of a dynamie of warnings and Iacks of fulfilment. The paper explores this framework in the area of financial markets, where traders relate to the market as an object of attachmentt within an environment of reiterated Iacks.