jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Characterization of 3d printed substrates for cell culture

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Tissue engineering (TE) is a field of study which relies on engineering principles and life sciences in order to develop biocompatible structures (scaffolds) for the replacement, restoration, improvement, or assisted growth of human tissue. Implantable scaffolds provide a promising and alternative method to TE. Cells from the host can be cultured in-vitro onto the scaffolds and after sufficient proliferation and cell differentiation, the scaffold can then be implanted into bone defects or areas with damaged tissue allowing the target area to repair itself naturally. A common material used for these scaffolds is Hydroxyapatite (HA) because of its bioactivity and biocompatibility. One downside of pure HA is its weak mechanical properties, which limits its applications in hard tissue prosthetics. Alumina on the other hand is bio-inert, but it possesses far superior mechanical strength. This report investigates the compositional and bioactive properties of HA coated, 3D printed Alumina hybrid scaffolds for application in bone tissue engineering. Ceramic scaffolds made of bio-inert Alumina were fabricated via 3D printing. Scaffolds then underwent several processes of sintering, vacuum infiltration, and dip-coating with HA. TGA test was performed on the printed green part to evaluate the samples’ chemical compositions just after printing. Samples were also submerged in Simulated Bodily Fluid (SBF) for various amounts of time, allowing an Apatite layer to form naturally on the surface and within the pores of the scaffolds. FTIR and EDX was performed on these submerged samples to quantify and compare the elements found on each sample. SEM was used to visually quantify the amount of Apatite forming on each sample, as well as to evaluate the pore sizes present in the scaffolds. Finally, MSCs were culture onto SBF submerged samples to test for cell viability using the PrestoBlue® reagent.
ChemInform Abstract: Luminescent Properties of SrZn2(PO4)2:Tb3+ and Its Luminescence Improvement by Incorporating A+ (A: Li, Na, and K).

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The new title phosphor is synthesized by solid state reaction of SrCO 3 , ZnO, NH 4 H 2 PO 4 , and Tb 4 O 7 (corundum crucibles, 900 °C, 5 h).
Chemopreventive function of retinoid X receptors in human squamous cell carcinoma of the skin

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Retinoid therapy has been successful for the treatment of skin squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). A suppression of the predominant retinoid X receptor expressed in skin, retinoid X receptor α (RXRα), has been reported in skin SCC. These observations have led to the hypothesis that retinoid receptor loss contributes to the tumorigenic phenotype of epithelial cancers. To test this hypothesis, the RXRα gene was mapped in order to generate a targeting construct. Additionally the transcriptional regulation of the human RXRα a gene in keratinocytes was characterized after identifying the transcription initiation sites, the promoter, and enhancer regions of this gene. The structure is highly conserved between human and mouse. A nontumorigenic human skin-derived cell line called near diploid immortalized keratinocytes (NIKS) has the advantage of growing as organotypic raft cultures, under physiological conditions closely resembling in-vivo squamous stratification. We have exploited the raft culture technique to develop an in-vitro model for skin SCC progression that includes the NIKS cells, HaCaT cells, a premalignant cell line, and SRB 12-p9 cells, a tumorigenic SCC skin cell line. The differentiation, proliferation and nuclear receptor ligand response characteristics of this system were studied and significant and novel results were obtained. RXRs are obligate heterodimerization partners with many of the nuclear hormone receptors, including retinoic acid receptors (RARs), vitamin D3 receptors (VDR), thyroid hormone receptors (T3 R) and peroxisome proliferator activate receptors (PPARs), which are all known to be active in skin. Treatment of the three cell lines in raft culture with the RXR specific ligand BMS649, BMS961 (RARγ-specific), vitamin D3 (VDR ligand), thryoid hormone (T3R ligand) and clofibrate (PPARa ligand), and the combination of BMS649 with each of the 4 receptor partner ligands, resulted in distinct effects on differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis. The effects of activation of RXRs in each of the four-receptor pathways; in the context of skin SCC progression, with an emphasis on the VDR/RXR pathway, are discussed. These studies will lead to a better understanding of RXRα action in human skin and will help determine its role in SCC tumorigenesis, as well as its potential as a target for the prevention, treatment, and control of skin cancer.
Study of the Potential Hepatoprotective Effect of Myo-Inositol and Its Influence on Zebrafish Development

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Inositol is a natural substance found widely in plants. It is used in therapies for many medical cases. The aim of this study was to determine the toxicity of myo-inositol (MI) and to investigate its potential hepatoprotective character. In the first part of the study, zebrafish embryos were incubated with 5, 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 mg/mL MI. Endpoints such as survivability, hatching rate, malformation, and mobility were evaluated. Our results demonstrated that the high doses of MI lead to increased mortality and malformations and reduce the hatching rate in comparison to the control group. Moreover, low doses of this compound do not produce a negative effect on zebrafish and even have the ability to increase the hatching rate and mobility. In the second part of the study, the hepatoprotective effect of MI was tested. Zebrafish larvae from the line Tg (fabp10a:DsRed) were incubated for 24 h with 1% and 2% ethanol (EtOH), 5 mg/mL of MI with 1% EtOH, and 5 mg/mL of MI with 2% EtOH. No significant differences between the groups with EtOH and the group treated with EtOH with MI were observed. Our results suggest that MI has no positive benefits on hepatocytes of zebrafish larvae.
Viral Promotional Advergames: How Intrinsic Playfulness and the Extrinsic Value of Prizes Elicit Behavioral Responses

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

When designing a viral promotional advergame (VPA) (which combines a promotional game and an advergame in a viral marketing campaign), marketers focus on game schemes and prizes to trigger players’ intrinsic and extrinsic motivations and elicit certain behavioral responses, such as sharing personal data and forwarding the game. A field study examines factors that lead to behavioral responses in VPAs. The results show that players who perceive more playfulness tend to increase their game forwarding and personal data sharing behaviors. The perceived value of prizes also relates positively to game forwarding but not to personal data sharing. Finally, the results show that prior brand attitudes moderate the effect of the perceived value of prizes on game forwarding behavior.
Local 1 Executive minutes (1 of 2)

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

File contains Executive Minutes for Local 1, and Full Strike Committee Executive Minutes dated October 15, 1975 to December 16, 1975. Topics discussed include strike and negotiations, disciplinary actions against scabs, and the Full Strike Committee Meeting minutes, along with supporting postal workers, sharing an office with the provincial executive, reports from committees on pension plans, daycare, grievances, job evaluation, contracts, discussion of federal legislation, and staff and organization issues brought up during the November 1975 Provincial Convention.
Seasonal Cointegration and Long-Run Neutrality of Money in the USA

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Using the notion of seasonal co-integration and a monetarist model, this paper re-examines the long-run monetary neutrality hypothesis, based on the seasonally unadjusted quarterly data of the US over the period 1959Q1 to 2004Q4. The results indicate that money is cointegrated with price at all possible frequencies while real output is cointegrated with price only at an annual frequency. The cointegration between money and price at the zero frequency, and noncointegration between real output and money at all possible frequencies, suggests that money affects nominal but not real variables in the long-run.
Fatigue and Work Schedules

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Purpose: The purpose of this research is to investigate the relationship of fatigue in nurses and to determine what factors influence the self-reported fatigue levels. Background and Significance: Shift work is comprised of working outside of the standard 7am to 7pm. Many institutions have a day, evening, and night rotation. Much of the problem with rotating shifts comes from not getting enough sleep or not getting consistent sleep. It is understood that shift work causes fatigue among all professions. Shift work has other adverse health effects. There is research to support a positive correlation between shift work and fatigue, multiple sclerosis, ischemic, stroke, and breast cancer. It is important for continued research to try and decrease fatigue related to shift work. Sample/Setting: The sample 64 nurses varying nursing experience. Each participant utilized a nursing degree and employed at a health care facility. The nurses were asked to complete a questionnaire on Surveymonkey.com. The nursing sample was obtained through snowball sampling via social media (Facebook). Methods: This evidence-based project will gather both qualitative and quantitative information. Data will be collected from questionnaires obtained through Surveymonkey.com via Facebook and using the Swedish Occupation Fatigue Inventory. Implications: Fatigue affects many individuals who work shift work. Pearson correlation indicated - .417 between the SOFI and hours of sleep. This is a significant correlation to help identify one factor that influences nurse fatigue. More research must be completed to help decrease the negative affects fatigue has.
The demand for retailer‐financed instalment credit: An econometric analysis

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Abstract During the mid‐ to late 1980s the UK's Chancellor of the Exchequer has attempted to reduce the volume of consumer credit extended by increasing interest rates rather than by re‐introducing terms controls. This paper presents estimates of demand functions for new credit extended by retailers which was financed by them and repaid by instalments. Following earlier papers, a stock‐adjustment model is presented that is extended to allow for credit rationing. The results suggest that the demand for such new credit extended is related negatively to terms control and positively to personal disposable income and expectations. Demand was not found to be related to (a proxy for) the nominal interest rate charged by retailers (although it was found to be positively related to the real rate). The former finding is consistent with questionnaire evidence that consumers are unaware of the interest rate that they pay for credit. Elasticities of demand are presented.
Random Vibration and Dynamic Reliability Analyses for Nonlinear MDOF Systems under Additive Excitations via DPIM

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, a novel direct probability integral method (DPIM) is proposed to address stochastic response and dynamic reliability analyses of nonlinear multidegree-of-freedom (MDOF) systems subjected to additive random excitations. First, the probability density integral equation (PDIE) with a Dirac delta function is established to characterize the randomness propagation of the MDOF system based on the principle of probability conservation. DPIM decouples the PDIE and governing differential equation of the system and efficiently solves PDIE by using the partition of probability space and smoothing of the Dirac function to achieve the probability density function of stochastic response. Moreover, the equivalent relation among the PDIE, Fokker-Planck-Kolmogorov (FPK), and Chapman-Kolmogorov-Smoluwski (CKS) equations in the Markov system is also derived, demonstrating the applicability of DPIM for the Markov system. Then, the first-passage dynamic reliability of the MDOF system under additional excitations is assessed by introducing equivalent extreme value mapping of the stochastic process. Finally, two examples of nonlinear MDOF systems subjected to filtered Gaussian white noise and nonstationary seismic excitation are investigated, respectively. Comparing the calculated results for nonlinear MDOF systems with those using the path integral method and Monte Carlo simulation indicates the high accuracy and efficiency of DPIM. Specifically, the numerical example of a 9-story frame building with a nonlinear hysteretic model and soil-structure interaction (SSI) indicates that as the stiffness of soil decreases, the dynamic reliability of frame building is gradually reduced.
Twentieth-Century China as an Object of Thought: An Introduction, Part 1 The Birth of the Century: The Chinese Revolution and the Logic of Politics

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This two-part article explores the question of how to constitute China in the twentieth century as an object of thought. This means, first of all, releasing the twentieth century from the position of being a mere object, such that one no longer regards this era as an annotation or appendage to contemporary value systems and ideologies, but instead approaches it as a process in which, passing through the liberation of the object, we may reconstruct a relation of dialogue between ourselves and twentieth-century China. Part 1 proceeds from a temporal analysis of the twentieth century, and Part 2 analyzes this era from a spatial perspective. Part 1 encompasses three sections: first, the long twentieth century, the European fin de siècle, and the century as a trend of the times; second, the conditions of the short century, imperialism, and the rise of the Pacific century; third, the Chinese Revolution and the rise of the short century: unevenness and “the weakest link.” Having pursued an analysis of the global conditions of the imperialist epoch, I assert that any discussion of the birth of the “short twentieth century” must begin with an analysis of “the weakest link.” In seeking the roots of the revolutionary moment, one must look not at the geopolitical contestations in Eurasia, but instead the revolutionary conditions produced by the new situation in Asia (especially the rise of Japan and Japan’s victory over Russia). That is, it was not imperialist wars pure and simple, but instead the “awakening of Asia” called into being by these wars that constituted the multifaceted point of departure for the “short twentieth century.” Thus, from the perspective of temporality, the “short twentieth century” did not, as is often believed, begin in 1914, but rather in the period 1905–1911; from the perspective of spatiality, it did not begin at a single point of beginning, but from a whole series of points of beginning; from the perspective of the moment, it did not begin through destructive wars, but instead was born in a series of attempts to break free of the imperialist system and the archaic regime.
Factors associated with work ability and intention to leave nursing profession: a nested case-control study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This study aims to identify factors associated with impaired work ability and intention to leave the nursing profession. This is a case-control nested within a cross-sectional study. Samples were randomly selected for work ability (475 controls and 158 cases) and intention to leave profession (454 controls and 151 cases). Data on demographic, lifestyle, occupational features, work environment, work ability and intention to leave profession were collected. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed. Factors associated with work ability impairment were: risk for moderate (OR=1.28) and high (OR=2.26) job strain, effort-reward imbalance (OR=2.82), high overcommitment (OR=1.77), situations that may contribute to musculoskeletal pain/injury with moderate (OR=1.82) or high (OR=2.58) exposures, degree level (OR=2.13) or elementary/high school level (OR=1.67), and low physical activity (OR=1.74). Age of 31-40 years (OR=0.26) and ≥41 years (OR=0.27) were protective factors. Factors associated with intention to leave profession were: high risk for job strain (OR=1.81), effort-reward imbalance (OR=3.25), situations that may contribute to musculoskeletal pain/injury with high exposure (OR=1.54), and insomnia symptoms (OR=2.72). Age >40 years was a protective factor (OR=0.50). Individual characteristics and occupational conditions were associated with work ability impairment and intention to leave profession. Measures to improve working conditions and individual resources were recommended.
Reviewer #2 (Public Review): Imputation of 3D genome structure by genetic-epigenetic interaction modeling in mice

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Gene expression is known to be affected by interactions between local genetic variation and DNA accessibility, with the latter organized into three-dimensional chromatin structures.Analyses of these interactions has previously been limited, obscuring their regulatory context, and the extent to which they occur throughout the genome. Here we undertake a genome-scale analysis of these interactions in a genetically diverse population to systematically identify global genetic-epigenetic interaction, and reveal constraints imposed by chromatin structure. We establish the extent and structure of genotype-by-epigenotype interaction using embryonic stem cells derived from Diversity Outbred mice. This mouse population segregates millions of variants from eight inbred founders, enabling precision genetic mapping with extensive genotypic and phenotypic diversity. With 176 samples profiled for genotype, gene expression, and open chromatin, we used regression modeling to infer genetic-epigenetic interactions on a genome-wide scale. Our results demonstrate that statistical interactions between genetic variants and chromatin accessibility are common throughout the genome. We found that these interactions occur within the local area of the affected gene, and that this locality corresponds to topologically associated domains (TADs). The likelihood of interaction was most strongly defined by the three-dimensional (3D) domain structure rather than linear DNA sequence. We show that stable 3D genome structure is an effective tool to guide searches for regulatory elements and, conversely, that regulatory elements in genetically diverse populations provide a means to infer 3D genome structure. We confirmed this finding with CTCF ChIP-seq that revealed strain-specific binding in the inbred founder mice. In stem cells, open chromatin participating in the most significant regression models demonstrated an enrichment for developmental genes and the TAD-forming CTCF binding complex, providing an opportunity for statistical inference of shifting TAD boundaries operating during early development. These findings provide evidence that genetic and epigenetic factors operate within the context of three- dimensional chromatin structure.
The role of the media in disease outbreaks

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Disease outbreaks are unique events in public health; typically sudden, frequently unpredictable, fraught with setbacks and surprises, always alarming for the public and with a need, under most circumstances, for an emergency response. Social and political disruption frequently occurs. Many outbreaks have political dimensions involving aetiology, as well as management and control, all too often highlighting deficiencies in service delivery and gaps in the health system. The ongoing cholera outbreak in Zimbabwe is a prime example of most of these aspects, exemplified by a total breakdown in water, sewerage and health services and denial of the outbreak at the highest level.
Synergistic Effect of S224P and N383D Substitutions in the PA of H5N1 Avian Influenza Virus Contributes to Mammalian Adaptation

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract The adaptation of H5N1 avian influenza viruses to human poses a great threat to public health. Previous studies indicate the adaptive mutations in viral polymerase of avian influenza viruses are major contributors in overcoming the host species barrier, with the majority of mammalian adaptive mutations occurring in the PB2 protein. However, the adaptive mutations in the PA protein of the H5N1 avian influenza virus are less defined and poorly understood. In this study, we identified the synergistic effect of the PA/224P + 383D of H5N1 avian influenza viruses and its ability to enhance the pathogenicity and viral replication in a mammalian mouse model. Interestingly, the signature of PA/224P + 383D mainly exists in mammalian isolates of the H5N1 influenza virus and pdmH1N1 influenza virus, providing a potential pathway for the natural adaptation to mammals which imply the effects of natural adaptation to mammals. Notably, the mutation of PA/383D, which is highly conserved in avian influenza viruses, increases the polymerase activity in both avian and human cells and may have roles in maintaining the avian influenza virus in their avian reservoirs and jumping species to infect humans.
Total Quality Management and Research Productivity - A Case Report

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Total Quality Management (TQM) has been explored in several areas in the past. However, the report on in allied health sciences is yet to come. The present report highlights the approach adopted and the consequential benefits derived by an allied health institution with focus on research productivity. The approach was styled in terms of the four pillars of TQM viz., synergistic relationships, commitment to continuous improvement, system approach and commitment of top management. As part of the approach, the institute strategized to implement ISO 9001:2008 alongside the Internal Quality Assurance Cell (IQAC). The dataset comprised of 436 scientific publications and 509 scientific presentations spanning a period of 6 years from 2010-11 to 2015-16. The results indicated an increase in people involvement in terms of student participation, faculty participation, faculty-student collaboration and faculty collaboration in respect of scientific publications and scientific presentations. The per-capita faculty productivity also increased by 24% in scientific publications and 36% in respect of scientific presentations. The present study also brings into perspective, the advantages of people involvement, people development and the importance of local collaboration in research.