jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Nasal Patency on Vocal Fold Nodule Formation in Children

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives: This study aimed to endoscopically assess nasal patency in terms of adenoid obstruction and its mucous coverage, as well as nasal obstruction caused by the inferior nasal turbinate in children with vocal fold nodules. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted involving 54 children admitted to an ENT clinic due to hoarseness caused by vocal fold nodules from 2022 to 2024. The study analyzed medical history, the results of performed flexible nasofiberoscopy and tympanometry. Results: Children with vocal fold nodules snored and slept with open mouths less frequently than the control group of other patients admitted to the ENT outpatient clinic without voice disorders (p = 0.003 and 0.004, respectively). Pathological mucous coverage of the adenoid was observed more often (p = 0.02). The mean adenoid size in the A/C ratio was 52.1% compared to 63.4% in the control group (p = 0.01). Conclusions: Children with vocal fold nodules typically have smaller adenoids, fewer incidents of snoring and open-mouth breathing, but more frequent pathological nasal mucus. It was not possible to prove that the incorrect breathing path through the mouth, causing reduced humidity of the inhaled air, affects the formation of vocal fold nodules.
Design of Silicon Based on Bio-Electrodes for Deep Brain Stimulation

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In the treatment of nerve disorders, bio-electrodes are used to be implanted into the patients’ deep brain to provide electrical stimulation to improve the symptom and deep brain stimulation has been regarded as the most effective method to treat nerve disorders in clinic medicine. This paper presented a simple structure of bio-electrode implanted in deep brain for long term stimulation. Based on a 3D finite element modeling of electrostatics for the electrode, the influence of the electrode dimensions on the electric field distribution was discussed. The dimension and structure of the electrode was determined on the volume of tissue activated by deep brain stimulation.
Critical roles for p22phox in the structural maturation and subcellular targeting of Nox3

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Otoconia are small biominerals in the inner ear that are indispensable for the normal perception of gravity and motion. Normal otoconia biogenesis requires Nox3, a Nox (NADPH oxidase) highly expressed in the vestibular system. In HEK-293 cells (human embryonic kidney cells) transfected with the Nox regulatory subunits NoxO1 (Nox organizer 1) and NoxA1 (Nox activator 1), functional murine Nox3 was expressed in the plasma membrane and exhibited a haem spectrum identical with that of Nox2, the electron transferase of the phagocyte Nox. In vitro Nox3 cDNA expressed an ∼50 kDa primary translation product that underwent N-linked glycosylation in the presence of canine microsomes. RNAi (RNA interference)-mediated reduction of endogenous p22phox, a subunit essential for stabilization of Nox2 in phagocytes, decreased Nox3 activity in reconstituted HEK-293 cells. p22phox co-precipitated not only with Nox3 and NoxO1 from transfectants expressing all three proteins, but also with NoxO1 in the absence of Nox3, indicating that p22phox physically associated with both Nox3 and with NoxO1. The plasma membrane localization of Nox3 but not of NoxO1 required p22phox. Moreover, the glycosylation and maturation of Nox3 required p22phox expression, suggesting that p22phox was required for the proper biosynthesis and function of Nox3. Taken together, these studies demonstrate critical roles for p22phox at several distinct points in the maturation and assembly of a functionally competent Nox3 in the plasma membrane.
Enhanced osteoblast cells adhesion, spreading, and proliferation to surface-carboxylated poly(etheretherketone)

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Poly(etheretherketone) is a rigid semicrystalline thermoplastic that combines excellent mechanical properties, broad chemical resistance, and bone-like stiffness, and is widely used in biomedical fields. However, the hydrophobic bio-inert surface of poly(etheretherketone) tends to hinder its biomedical applications when direct osteointegration between the implants and the host tissue is desired. In this investigation, poly(etheretherketone) surface was functionalized by a method with chemistry analogous to the formation of organosilane self-assembled monolayers on glass or silicon. First, poly(etheretherketone) surface activation with selective carbonyl reduction introduces surface hydroxylation. And then treatment of the hydroxylation-pretreated poly(etheretherketone) samples with a substituted organosilane solution forms the carboxyl (–COOH) functional surface layers. The modified surfaces were characterized using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, water contact angle measurements, differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction, and surface profiler. The effect of cell adhesion, spreading, and proliferation on each specimen was investigated. Pre-osteoblast cells (MC3T3-E1) adhesion, spreading, and proliferation were improved remarkably on surface-carboxylated poly(etheretherketone). Poly(etheretherketone) modified with –COOH on its surface has potential use in orthopedic or dental implants.
A prospective randomized scanning electron microscopy study on the effect of a pneumoperitoneum on tumour cell implantation in nude mice

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective The aim of the study was to examine the influence of a CO 2 pneumoperitoneum on intraperitoneal tumour cell implantation and on survival in the event of intra‐abdominal spread of tumour cells during laparoscopy in nude mice. Design 6‐week‐old nude mice were stratified into three groups of 47 animals each. A CO 2 pneumoperitoneum was induced by a microhysteroflator with an intraperitoneal pressure of 8 mmHg for 60 min in group 1 and 100 000 cells of a malignant mesothelioma, suspended in 2 ml of Ringer solution were injected intraperitoneally. Group 2 received an identical tumour cell load after laparotomy by midline incision. In the control group 3 tumour cells were injected only. After 1, 2, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h respectively four animals were killed and the entire peritoneum in all animals was examined by scanning electron microscopy. The survival time of the remaining 15 animals served as controlling arm. Results In group 1, scanning electron microscopy showed that within 1 h mesothelial cells had become cuboidal, detached and condensed. The basement membrane was partly denuded. After 2 h this initial reaction reached its peak; tumour cells attached to the free basement membrane. None of those changes was seen in groups 2 and 3. It appears, that in group 1 intraperitoneal metastases were promoted by the CO 2 pneumoperitoneum. The survival rate of group 1 was significantly reduced compared with that of group 2 and 3. Conclusion We conclude that the technique of CO 2 pneumoperitoneum promotes intraperitoneal tumour cell implantation and growth in nude mice.
Spiritual and moral search and life philosophy in the work of Musa Akhmadov

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This article discusses the issues of morality and philosophy of the modern Chechen writer Musa Akhmadov, using the example of several works, and provides an analysis on this topic. Philosophy and morality are the main direction of this writer. The chronology of the publication of the works of this writer is also covered. M. Akhmadov has long conveyed the flavor of the national mentality in his works. He is always with his people and, as a talented writer, it is not difficult for him to convey the positive and negative state of his people. All works of M. Akhmadov are full of moral and philosophical views. This work also examines the chronology of the release of works of art by this author. The text also talks about how M. Akhmadov has long been able to convey the flavor of the national mentality in his works. He is always with his people and, as a talented writer, it is not difficult for him to convey the positive and negative states of his people.
Evaluation of Viscosity Loss of Viscosified Brine Solutions Due to Shear Degradation in Distribution System Components

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract High molecular weight HPAM's tend to be highly shear sensitive. Various components of polymer mixing and distribution systems pose risk to the integrity of HPAMs due to high shear experienced at valves, chokes and other flow control devices. At a minimum, this risk can severely impact chemical EOR operating cost due to polymer degradation and consequential viscosity loss of the injectate. Low-shear, low-cost polymer injection distribution systems have the potential to reduce polymer usage, maintain injection stream viscosity, and enable integration into brownfield facilities. Lower viscosity losses translate into optimized operating and capital cost for CEOR pilot and full field projects. The objective of this work was to determine the equipment (piping), process, and polymer parameters that affect viscosity loss due to shear degradation. In this work, polymers were evaluated from two different vendors. The effects of molecular weight, chemical concentration, and brine salinity on polymer sensitivity to viscosity loss due to shear degradation were investigated. Polymer solutions were either blended on site or purchased pre-blended in synthetic brine solutions. Pumped by a positive displacement, low-shear pump, the solutions flowed through a mass meter and were delivered to a distribution system component at various flow rates. For flow control devices, pressure differentials were adjusted at fixed flow rates. Polymer solution samples were collected upstream and downstream of the tested component. Samples were taken in no-shear sample collectors. Pressure upstream and downstream of the test component and flow rate were recorded during the flow test. Viscosity was measured with a Brookfield viscometer at ambient temperature. When higher concentration solutions were tested, viscosity was measured of diluted samples at target concentration to determine amount of shear degradation as evidenced by viscosity loss. Results indicate that viscosity degradation of polymer solutions does occur in flow control devices and is directly correlated to pressure differential across the pipe device. Internal geometry has little impact on the amount of degradation. Velocity has little impact on the amount of degradation. Polymer molecular weight and structure both affect the amount of degradation due to shear as does solution concentration. Generally, viscosified brine solutions will lose viscosity when flowed through devices with greater than 50 psi differential pressure in the range of 15-50% of initial viscosity. Using more concentrated polymer streams and diluting to target concentration after flow control will reduce the amount of viscosity loss. Based on the laboratory results, design and operating condition, recommendations can be made for polymer injection distribution systems to minimize shear degradation of the flowing viscosified brine stream.
A Living Martyrdom? Representing Life in Emigration in Katorga i ssylka

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract: Katorga i ssylka (Hard Labour and Exile, 1921–35) provides important insights into the personal details of revolutionaries’ lives as well as the (auto)biographical representation of members and deceased colleagues of the Society of Former Political Prisoners and Exiles. The journal facilitated identity formation at a time when many former revolutionaries found themselves politically marginalized by the Bolshevik rise to power, being a lieu de mémoire for revolutionary martyrs of all types. This article suggests that death or bodily harm as forms of martyrdom were only elements of a wider set of revolutionary practices of self-sacrifice. By drawing comparisons with similar practices in late-imperial revolutionary print culture, it suggests a continuity of practices in emigration across 1917. Such practices drew not only on the individuals and communities involved in publishing work but also the tropes and narratives in these representations. As membership of the Society was dominated by former Socialist Revolutionaries, studying the representation of life in emigration provides insights into the contestations of revolutionary memory during the 1920s and the ways in which members of the Society sought to find meaning in their personal experiences of political activism and that of their deceased comrades. The article explores the ways in which memoir and (auto)biography constructed emigration as a space of useful political activism, and provided the basis for the representation of emigration as meaningful self-sacrifice. This involved invoking tropes of suffering common in the memory of imprisonment and exile, while emigration brought with it new challenges linked to the experience of time passing.
A CASE OF PAPILLARY CARCINOMA WITH COMPLETE TYPE OF UNFUSED PANCREATIC DUCT SYSTEM

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A case of papillary carcinoma with complete type of unfused pancreatic duct system is reported. A 58-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because he was pointed out having jaundice at another hospital. With a diagnosis of obstructive jaundice and papillary carcinoma of the pancreas, the patient was operated on. An exploration of the excised material revealed that the main pancreatic duct did not unite with the common bile duct and opened at 2cm oral side from the papilla. The definite diagnosis of papillary carcinoma with complete type of unfused pancreatic duct system was made. In a review of the Japanese literature, only two such cases including our case have been reported so far.
A monotonicity result under symmetry and Morse index constraints in the plane

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

This paper deals with solutions of semilinear elliptic equations of the type \[ \left\{\begin{array}{@{}ll} -\Delta u = f(|x|, u) \qquad & \text{ in } \Omega, \\ u= 0 & \text{ on } \partial \Omega, \end{array} \right. \] where Ω is a radially symmetric domain of the plane that can be bounded or unbounded. We consider solutions u that are invariant by rotations of a certain angle θ and which have a bound on their Morse index in spaces of functions invariant by these rotations. We can prove that or u is radial, or, else, there exists a direction $e\in \mathcal {S}$ such that u is symmetric with respect to e and it is strictly monotone in the angular variable in a sector of angle θ/2. The result applies to least-energy and nodal least-energy solutions in spaces of functions invariant by rotations and produces multiplicity results.
Propagation of nonlinear acoustic waves and shocks in variable cross-section resonators

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Relative peak acoustic pressures in wind instruments such as oboes, trumpets, and trombones can reach levels of 10%. At these elevated levels nonlinear acoustic effects have to be taken into account to accurately represent the acoustic wave propagation in these wind instruments. A short survey is presented of some of the past work in nonlinear resonant oscillations in tubes. Included in this discussion is the effect of shaping the resonator on nonlinear wave propagation. A one-dimensional model for the analysis of nonlinear acoustic waves in a variable cross-section resonator is introduced [Ilinski et al., J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 104, 2664–2674 (1998)]. The resonator is assumed to be of an arbitrary axisymmetric shape. The model equations are derived from the fundamental gas dynamic equations for an ideal gas. The effects of bulk viscous absorption and absorption in the viscous boundary layer are included. Nonlinear spectral equations are developed which are integrated numerically to obtain the solution. The model has been modified to include a radiation impedance and the excitation of a harmonic spectrum. The effect of resonator shape, radiation condition, and harmonic excitation on nonlinear wave propagation is discussed.
School Finance and Courts: Does Reform Matter, and how Can We Tell?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Background/Context School finance litigation has often prompted funding reforms, but what happens as a result is the subject of considerable dispute. Purpose This article explores design problems encountered in studies examining the nature and effects of those reforms. Analysis After describing the development and current status of school finance litigation, the authors explore methodological complexities associated with estimating the effects of state school finance reforms. Then, following a review of the research literature that provides the most direct and empirically rigorous evaluations of the achievement effects of these reforms, the authors critique a growing body of weaker but nonetheless influential literature focused on attacking school finance reform and more generally on discrediting judicial involvement in public schooling and finance litigation. In the article's final section, the authors review school finance reform in the four states analyzed in an influential recent book by Hanushek and Lindseth, taking a second look at what the book's authors concluded were disappointing outcomes. Conclusions Methodological complexities and design problems plague finance impact studies. Although there are high-quality studies covering these issues, the research appearing to have the greatest influence in media coverage and policymaking is often advocacy-oriented and of lesser quality.
Quality of life outcomes in transcatheter aortic valve replacement patients requiring pacemaker implantation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Permanent pacemaker implantation is the most common complication after Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) and is associated with worse outcomes and mortality. However, its impact on quality‐of‐life (QoL) outcomes remains unknown. Methods We included 383 consecutive patients undergoing TAVR from January 2012 to 2016 who completed a baseline Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ‐12) health survey. The clinical, laboratory, angiographic, QoL, mortality, and occurrence of poor outcomes (KCCQ‐12 score < 45 or KCCQ decrease of ≥10 points) were obtained. Results The mean age was 83 ± 8 years, 51% were men, and majority were Caucasians (n = 364, 95%). Permanent pacemaker (PPM) was implanted in 11.5% of patients post‐TAVR. PPM patients were more likely to have prior conduction disease including RBBB (25% vs 12%, P = .02) and PQ interval >250 ms (11% vs 5%, P = .07). One‐month median KCCQ‐12 scores were significantly lower among PPM patients (84.7 vs 68.8, P = .04), but did not differ significantly at 1‐year (86.5 vs 90.6, P = .5) post‐TAVR. Occurrence of poor outcomes did not differ significantly among those with or without PPM at 1 month (11% vs 7%, P = .39) and 1 year (13% vs 9%, P = .45), respectively. However, patients with poor QoL outcomes at 1 month post‐TAVR also had significantly worse mortality during follow‐up in unadjusted (31.3% vs 4.5%, P < .001) and adjusted (HR = 5.30, 95% [CI: 1.85‐15.22, P = .002])analyses, respectively. Conclusion Permanent pacemaker implantation is associated with short‐term reduction in QoL without long‐term implications post‐TAVR. Patients with poor QoL post‐TAVR also have significantly higher mortality.
Political Discourse and the Politics of Need: Discourses on the Good Life in Cyberspace

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Where in the modern world do we locate politics and political communication? What counts as political discourse? It is obviously too restrictive to identify “the political” with an explicitly political sphere and with people acting as explicitly political agents. Indeed, this would paradoxically mean evading some of the central political issues of modernity: A concern that politics, or “real politics,” is disappearing from public life, migrating to and invading other social spaces, colonizing and interfering in them. As several papers in this project show, the study of political communications seems haunted by the suspicion that the explicitly political has been emptied of meaning and reduced to mere appearances: Real politics happens – is sought or inflicted – elsewhere.
Buckling of VAT Plates Using Energy Methods

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

bre laminates for some load cases subject to certain buckling criteria. Strength analysis and optimum design of VAT laminates in previous research have mainly relied on nite element modelling (FEM). In this study, we present analytical models for the prebuckling and buckling analysis of VAT plates, which is applicable to general loading cases with mixed boundary conditions. The models are derived from the principle of minimum complementary energy, considering both prescribed force and displacement boundary conditions. The innovation of this work is in the implementation of the RayleighRitz solution to the plane elasticity problem of variable-stiness plates under uniform end shortenings, in which case the unknown boundary stresses are dicult to determine and the in-plane stress/displacement elds are non-uniform. Numerical results for both balanced and unbalanced VAT plates are demonstrated and validated by FEM (ABAQUS). The eects of extension-shear coupling (A16; A26) and bending-twisting coupling (D16; D26) on the prebuckling and buckling analysis of VAT plates are investigated. The study of VAT plates under shear loading and combined loadings are shown to highlight the methods. The proposed models in this article are of particular interest in the design of VAT plates. This study also underpins future development of the Rayleigh-Ritz method for postbuckling analysis of VAT plates.
6. Development of the Energy Service Model

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Diese Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit dem Thema der Abnahme des technologischen Wissens über die Zeit und der damit einhergehenden Begrenzung von techno-ökonomischen Energienachfragemodellen, die zukünftige Energienachfrage im Rahmen von Langfristszenarien antizipieren. Da es sich hierbei um eine prinzipielle Limitation von Ex-ante-Analysen handelt, wird dieser Mangel seit längerem diskutiert, ohne dass bisher methodische Lösungsansätze entwickelt worden sind. In dieser Arbeit wird erstmals und in großer methodischer Breite aus unterschiedlichen Wissenschaftsdisziplinen (energiewirtschaftliche Modellierung und Innovationsökonomie) ein Konzept entwickelt, das diese Limitation adressiert. Die Anwendung des entwickelten Konzeptes auf eine praktische Fragestellung – Energieszenarien für den deutschen Haushaltssektor bis 2050 – zeigt, dass die Integration der Abnahme des technologischen Wissens zu interessanten neuen Erkenntnissen führt.
A Do-It-Yourself Kit for Individualized Instruction.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

An individualized instruction program in which the teacher was able to be more highly involved with 350 students than she was in five conventional classes of 25 students each is described. The success of the Basic Writing Skills course at American River College, Sacramento, California, depends largely on the careful organization of course content, a testing policy in which the student is helped to succeed, and the use of instructional aides, most of whom are unpaid college students. A simple bookkeeping system enables the student to keep track of his progress, grades, and attendance. gn4 Helen Mills American River College 4700 College Oak Drive Sacramento, CA. 95841 DIPANTMINT OP MALIN. SUMMATION It 041RIN GPM OP 10V THIS DOCUMINT WAS SUN NPRO. OUCH) INACTLY AS RECEIVED PROM TIM PINSON ON ORGANIZATION ORIG. INATING IT POINTS OP VIIW ON OPIN. IONS STATED DO NOT NICISSARILY RIPRISENT OFFICIAL OFFICI OP IOU. CATION POSITION ON POLICY Appro3dmits words: 7,000 A DOITYOURSELF KIT FOR INDIVIDUALIZED INSTRUCTION