jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Amino Acid Residues That Influence FcεRI-Mediated Effector Functions of Human Immunoglobulin E

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Immunoglobulin E (IgE) mediates its effector functions via the Fc region of the molecule. IgE binding to and subsequent aggregation of the high-affinity receptor (Fc epsilon RI) by allergen plays a pivotal role in type I hypersensitivity responses. Earlier studies implicated the C epsilon 2 and 3 interface and the A-B loop in C epsilon 3 in the IgE-Fc epsilon RI interaction. These regions and glycosylation sites in C epsilon 3 were now targeted by site-specific mutagenesis. IgE binding to Fc epsilon RI was compared with surface plasmon resonance (SPR) measurements, which assessed the binding of the soluble extracellular domain of Fc epsilon RI to IgE. Kinetic analysis based on a pseudo-first-order model agrees with previous determinations. A more refined SPR-based kinetic analysis suggests a biphasic interaction. A model-free empirical analysis, comparing the binding strength and kinetics of native and mutant forms of IgE, identified changes in the kinetics of IgE-Fc epsilon RI interaction. Conservative substitutions introduced into the A-B loop have a small effect on binding, suggesting that the overall conformation of the loop is important for the complementary interaction, but multiple sites across the C epsilon 3 domain may influence IgE-Fc epsilon RI interactions. Asn394 is essential for the generation of a functional IgE molecule in mammalian cells. A role of Pro333 in the maintenance of a constrained conformation at the interface between C epsilon 2-3 emerged by studying the functional consequences of replacing this residue by Ala and Gly. These substitutions cause a dramatic decrease in the ability of the ligand to mediate stimulus secretion coupling, although only small changes in the association and dissociation rates are observed. Understanding the molecular basis of this phenomenon may provide important information for the design of inhibitors of mast cell degranulation.
Neolepidozia praenitens E. D. Cooper, Phytotaxa

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Neolepidozia praenitens (Lehm. et Lindenb.) E.D.Cooper, Phytotaxa 97 (2): 57, 2013 (see Cooper et al. 2013). BASIONYM: Jungermannia praenitens Lehm. et Lindenb., Nov. Stirp. Pug. 6: 27, 1834 (see Lehmann 1834).
Development of bioelectrical impedance-based equations for the prediction of body composition of Malawian adolescents aged 10–18 years: a cross-sectional study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objectives The accuracy of bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) depends on population-specific prediction equations and there is no population-specific equation for predicting fat-free mass (FFM) in Malawian adolescents. This study aimed at determining the agreement between FFM measured by deuterium oxide dilution technique (the reference) and FFM by BIA; and propose BIA-based prediction equations to estimate FFM for Malawian adolescents. Design This was a cross-sectional study. Setting The study was conducted in Blantyre, Malawi Participants 186 Malawian adolescents aged between 10 and 18 years were included in this study. Body composition was estimated by both the BodyStat BIA analyser and the deuterium oxide dilution method. Results BIA inbuilt equation underestimated FFM compared with deuterium oxide dilution (p=0.039). The new prediction equation for FFM (kg)=−4.316+ 0.425* height 2 (cm)/resistance (Ω)+1.287* sex (male=1, female=0)+0.307*age(years)+0.344* weight(kg)+0.019*reactance(Ω) yielded an R2 of 0.926. The equation for total body water (TBW) (kg)=−2.152 + 0.328*height 2 (cm)/resistance (Ω) 0.910*sex (male=1, female=0)+0.307 *age (years)+0.249*weight(kg)+0.015*reactance(Ω) yielded an R2 of 0.922. The Bland-Altman plot illustrated a good level of concordance between the FFM and TBW predicted by the new equations and the values derived using deuterium dilution method. Conclusions The new BIA prediction equations for estimating FFM and TBW could be used to assess with very good accuracy and precision the body composition of Malawian and adolescents with similar characteristics.
Targeted Ablation of PINCH1 and PINCH2 From Murine Myocardium Results in Dilated Cardiomyopathy and Early Postnatal Lethality

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background— PINCH proteins are 5 LIM domain–only adaptor proteins that function as key components of the integrin signaling pathway and play crucial roles in multiple cellular processes. Two PINCH proteins, PINCH1 and PINCH2, have been described in mammals and share high homology. Both PINCH1 and PINCH2 are ubiquitously expressed in most tissues and organs, including myocardium. Cardiac-specific PINCH1 knockout or global PINCH2 knockout mice exhibit no basal cardiac phenotype, which may reflect a redundant role for these 2 PINCH proteins in myocardium. A potential role for PINCH proteins in myocardium remains unknown. Methods and Results— To define the role of PINCH in myocardium, we generated mice that were doubly homozygous null for PINCH1 and PINCH2 in myocardium. Resulting mutants were viable at birth but developed dilated cardiomyopathy and died of heart failure within 4 weeks. Mutant hearts exhibited disruptions of intercalated disks and costameres accompanied by fibrosis. Furthermore, multiple cell adhesion proteins exhibited reduced expression and were mislocalized. Mutant cardiomyocytes were significantly smaller and irregular in size. In addition, we observed that the absence of either PINCH1 or PINCH2 in myocardium leads to exacerbated cardiac injury and deterioration in cardiac function after myocardial infarction. Conclusions— These results demonstrate essential roles for PINCHs in myocardial growth, maturation, remodeling, and function and highlight the importance of studying the role of PINCHs in human cardiac injury and cardiomyopathy.
Short Selling and the Cross-Section of CorporateBond Returns

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This article studies the effect of short selling in the equity market on corporate bond returns. We show that firms with heavily shorted shares or large short-trade sizes experience significantly negative future bond returns. Further tests indicate that the relationship between short-trade size and subsequent bond returns is more consistent with stealth trading of short sellers. The impact of short selling on bond returns is robust to various controls for risk, liquidity, and other pricing factors. In examining the information source of short selling, we find that firms associated with heavy shorting activities or large short-trade sizes are likely to subsequently experience negative earnings surprises, higher credit risk, and reduced dividends. The evidence provides little support for the overvaluation argument. Overall, the results are consistent with the proposition that short trades in the equity market exert important valuation consequences in the corporate bond market. TOPIC:Fixed income and structured finance
Maternal and neonatal thyroid function at birth in an area of marginally low iodine intake.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Thyroid function was evaluated in cord serum of healthy full-term newborns and compared to that of mothers immediately after parturition. The study was carried out in an area without overt iodine deficiency, but with a marginal iodine supply (less than 100 micrograms/day in 80% of women). The aim of the study was to delineate the interrelationships between the thyroid statuses of mother and child at birth. Maternal thyroid function was characterized at delivery by relative hypothyroxinemia; increased T3/T4 ratios, indicating preferential T3 secretion; slightly increased TSH levels within the normal range in 97% of women; increased serum thyroglobulin (TG) values, which were above normal in 60% of women; and also goiter formation in almost 10% of women. The findings indicated glandular stimulation and confirmed our earlier reports that pregnancy constitutes a stress for the maternal thyroid economy, enhanced by the limited availability of iodine in the diet. By contrast, newborns showed a strikingly distinct pattern: there was no relative hypothyroxinemia and free T4 levels were significantly higher than in the respective mothers (19.4 vs. 14.7 pmol/L; P less than 0.001). In spite of these differences, however, mean neonatal TSH and TG levels were significantly higher than maternal values, respectively 6.0 vs. 1.9 mU/L for TSH (P less than 0.001) and 70 vs. 40 micrograms/L for TG (P less than 0.001). Furthermore, neonatal TG and TSH levels increased in parallel and were highly correlated with maternal data, suggesting a regulatory link between both thyroid economies. The results suggested that the common regulatory link is the limited availability of the iodine supply. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that even in conditions with a marginally low iodine intake, pregnancy constitutes a stimulus for both the maternal and newborn thyroids. Changes in both groups are associated and the abnormalities in TSH and TG are amplified in the newborns. The TSH and TG alterations at birth in full-term healthy newborns, associated with similar alterations in maternal thyroid function, provide evidence for a common stimulatory factor, relative iodine deficiency. The data emphasize the hypersensitivity of neonatal thyroid function to marginal iodine deficiency and point to the need to increase the iodine supply in groups at risk, such as women during pregnancy, and also newborns in the perinatal period.
Pediatric Research: Products Studied under Two Related Laws, but Improved Tracking Needed by FDA

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

A letter report issued by the Government Accountability Office with an abstract that begins "In 2007, Congress reauthorized two laws, the Pediatric Research Equity Act (PREA) and the Best Pharmaceuticals for Children Act (BPCA). PREA requires that sponsors conduct pediatric studies for certain products unless the Department of Health and Human Services' (HHS) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) grants a waiver or deferral. Sponsors submit studies to FDA in applications for review. BPCA is voluntary for sponsors. The FDA Amendments Act of 2007 required that GAO describe the effect of these laws since the 2007 reauthorization. GAO (1) examined how many and what types of products have been studied; (2) described the number and type of labeling changes and FDA's review periods; and (3) described challenges identified by stakeholders to conducting studies. GAO examined data on the studies from the 2007 reauthorization through June 2010, reviewed statutory requirements, and interviewed stakeholders and agency officials."
Research Progress on Immunomodulatory Effects of Glycyrrhizin

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

As an important active ingredient of liquorice,glycyrrhizin has anti-virus,anti-inflammatory,anti-allergy,anti allergy,anti-tumor and immunomodulatory effects.Which concern the role of immune regulation.Glycyrrhizin play a double role on cellular immunity and humoral immunity.Glycyrrhizin is an effective biological response modifier,the performance of the immune regulation in the immune active cells,cytokines,complement.Glycyrrhizin can enhance the helper T lymphocyte proliferation and activity,the promotion of lymphocytes IL-2,INF-γ,IL-1 and other cytokines,inhibition of IL-4,IL-10,IL-8,etc.It also has anti-complement activity,selectively inhibiting the activation of the complement system approach.Because of the immunomodulatory effects,glycyrrhizin has been widely used in clinical practice.In psoriasis,chronic idiopathic urticaria,bronchial asthma,chronic liver disease,AIDS and cancer and other diseases as the main drug treatment achieved good results.The immunomodulatory effects of glycyrrhizin is reviewed in this paper according to the investigation of the world.
Phytochemical screening and anti-virulence properties of <em>Ceiba pentandra</em> and <em>Ceiba aesculifolia</em> (Malvaceae) bark extracts and fractions

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Background: Inhibition of quorum sensing systems (QSS-I) is a novel strategy in the treatment of bacterial infections. To date, plants are the major source of metabolites with this inhibitory activity. Thus, species of Mexican flora can be important resources for obtaining metabolites with QSS-I activity.Hypothesis: We hypothesized that extracts from species of the genus Ceiba have metabolites with inhibitory activity against bacterial quorum sensing systems.Species studied: Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn. and Ceiba aesculifolia (Kunth) Britten & Baker f. (Malvaceae).Study site and years of study: We collected Ceiba bark in the municipalities of Tierra Blanca, Veracruz, and Acatlan, Oaxaca, in August 2013.Methods: We determined the effect of extracts from C. aesculifolia and C. pentandra against QSS-regulated phenotypes of Chromobacterium violaceum and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Extracts were fractionated and the main metabolites were identified. As support in the identification of the species, we carried out an anatomical study of the bark.Results: Hexane and dichloromethane extracts of both species of Ceiba exhibited QSS-I activity. We identified four fractions rich in terpene and sterol compounds with the ability to attenuate virulence factors in P. aerugiosa. The histological analysis appears to support the presence of some differences in the barks that can facilitate identification of the two species.Conclusions: The extracts and fractions of the two species of Ceiba are sources of phytochemicals with the ability to regulate bacterial quorum sensing systems positively or negatively.
Delayed Multifocal Intrarenal Bleeding: A Complication of High Velocity Trauma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

No AccessJournal of Urology1 Dec 1973Delayed Multifocal Intrarenal Bleeding: A Complication of High Velocity Trauma Pekka J. Ahoniemi, Richard G. Fisher, and David M. Rulfs Pekka J. AhoniemiPekka J. Ahoniemi More articles by this author , Richard G. FisherRichard G. Fisher More articles by this author , and David M. RulfsDavid M. Rulfs More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)60299-4AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "Delayed Multifocal Intrarenal Bleeding: A Complication of High Velocity Trauma." The Journal of Urology, 110(6), pp. 625–626 © 1973 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 110Issue 6December 1973Page: 625-626 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 1973 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Pekka J. Ahoniemi More articles by this author Richard G. Fisher More articles by this author David M. Rulfs More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Role of Renewable Energy and Financial Innovation in Environmental Protection: Empirical Evidence from UAE and Saudi Arabia

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

In modern times, many countries are committed to achieving climate neutrality and environmental sustainability. Without financial innovation and green financing, switching to clean energy, reducing carbon emissions, and mitigating climate change will be impossible. The main objective of this study is to obtain zero carbon to protect the environment. To analyze sustainable development pathways, this research examines the impact of renewable energy and financial innovation on the environmental protection of the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia from 2010 to 2021. The use of renewable energy sources, pollution, and climate change are all significant elements. Innovation can help slow the rate of global warming by lowering carbon emissions and expanding the usage of renewable energy sources. Green financing and innovation are powerful tools for environmental safety and deterioration. The acceleration of renewable energy growth is the primary driver of sustainable development. Moreover, green financing balances the innovation–energy–environment–climate nexus. Similarly, green finance amplifies the positive effects of innovation on using renewable energy. This study provides valuable insights into achieving zero carbon by producing renewable energy sources and modern green technology. Further research is possible by adding more dimensions of renewable energy sources.
Effects of Macromolecular Crowding on Glycoprotein Processing Enzymes

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Intracellular environments are highly crowded due to the presence of various biomacromolecules. In this study, we estimated the property of the endoplasmic reticulum glucosidase II (G-II) under macromolecular crowding conditions. A crowded milieu that contains bovine serum albumin greatly enhanced the second trimming step (cleavage 2), which deglucosylates Glc1Man9GlcNAc2, but not the first trimming step (cleavage 1), which removes the terminal glucose residue from Glc2Man9GlcNAc2. A similar effect was obtained with ribonuclease A and high molecular weight polyethylene glycol 20,000. An analysis of CD spectra suggested that G-II enhanced its cleavage 2 activity through conformational change. We also investigated the effects of molecular crowding on other N-linked glycan-processing enzymes, UDP-Glc:glycoprotein glucosyltransferase and 1,2-alpha-mannosidase. Our results indicate that the kinetics of glycan processing under crowded conditions may be quite different from those measured in dilute buffers.
Soft NMR: Exploiting statistics for energy-efficiency

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Achieving energy-efficiency in nanoscale CMOS process technologies is made challenging due to the presence of process, temperature and voltage variations. In this paper, we present soft N-modular redundancy (soft NMR) that consciously exploits statistics of errors due to these nanoscale artifacts in order to design robust and energy-efficient systems. In contrast to conventional NMR, soft NMR employs estimation and detection techniques in the voter. We compare NMR and soft NMR in the design of an energy-efficient and robust discrete cosine transform (DCT) image coder. Simulations in a commercial 45 nm, 1.2 V, CMOS process show that soft triple-MR (TMR) provides 10times improvement in robustness and 13% power savings over TMR at a peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) of 20 dB. In addition, soft dual-MR (DMR) provides 2times improvement in robustness and 35% power savings over TMR at a PSNR of 20 dB.
A quantitative comparison of the hemispheric, areal, and laminar origins of sensory and motor cortical projections to the superior colliculus of the cat

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT The superior colliculus (SC) is a midbrain structure central to orienting behaviors. The organization of descending projections from sensory cortices to the SC has garnered much attention; however, rarely have projections from multiple modalities been quantified and contrasted, allowing for meaningful conclusions within a single species. Here, we examine corticotectal projections from visual, auditory, somatosensory, motor, and limbic cortices via retrograde pathway tracers injected throughout the superficial and deep layers of the cat SC. As anticipated, the majority of cortical inputs to the SC originate in the visual cortex. In fact, each field implicated in visual orienting behavior makes a substantial projection. Conversely, only one area of the auditory orienting system, the auditory field of the anterior ectosylvian sulcus (fAES), and no area involved in somatosensory orienting, shows significant corticotectal inputs. Although small relative to visual inputs, the projection from the fAES is of particular interest, as it represents the only bilateral cortical input to the SC. This detailed, quantitative study allows for comparison across modalities in an animal that serves as a useful model for both auditory and visual perception. Moreover, the differences in patterns of corticotectal projections between modalities inform the ways in which orienting systems are modulated by cortical feedback. J. Comp. Neurol. 524:2623–2642, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An investigation by N.M.R. spectroscopy of the dependence on internal motion of the orientational ordering of ethoxybenzene and 4-fluoroethoxybenzene when dissolved in a nematic solvent

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The proton N.M.R. spectra of samples of ethoxy-d 3-benzene and 4-fluoro-ethoxy-d 3-benzene dissolved in the nematic solvent I52 have been recorded and analysed to yield sets of dipolar coupling [Dtilde]ij. The dipolar couplings are used together with the theoretical model of Emsley, Luckhurst and Stockley to obtain V(φ) the potential governing rotation about the O-CH2 bond, and the dependence on φ of the orientational order parameters S αβ.
Dual thermo- and pH-sensitive network-grafted hydrogels formed by macrocrosslinker as drug delivery system Part A Polymer chemistry

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Dual thermo- and pH-sensitive network-grafted hydrogels made of poly(N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) (PDMAEMA) network and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) grafting chains were successfully synthesized by the combination of atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization, and click chemistry. PNIPAM having two azide groups at one chain end [PNIPAM-(N₃)₂] was prepared with an azide-capped ATRP initiator of N,N-di(β-azidoethyl) 2-chloropropionylamide. Alkyne-pending poly(N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate-co-propargyl acrylate) [P(DMAEMA-co-ProA)] was obtained through RAFT copolymerization using dibenzyltrithiocarbonate as chain transfer agent. The subsequent click reaction led to the formation of the network-grafted hydrogels. The influences of the chemical composition of P(DMAEMA-co-ProA) on the properties of the hydrogels were investigated in terms of morphology and swelling/deswelling kinetics. The dual stimulus-sensitive hydrogels exhibited fast response, high swelling ratio, and reproducible swelling/deswelling cycles under different temperatures and pH values. The uptake and release of ceftriaxone sodium by these hydrogels showed both thermal and pH dependence, suggesting the feasibility of these hydrogels as thermo- and pH-dependent drug release devices.