jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Dynamic VEGF expression of sciatic nerve in diabetes mellitus rats

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To observe the dynamic expression of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)in the diabetes mellitus(DM)rats' sciatic nerve by immunohistochemistry methods.Methods Streptozocin(STZ)(60mg/kg body weight)intraperitoneal injection was applied to make experimental DM rat models.80 Wistar rats were randomly divided into normal control group(NC group),DM 0w group,DM 4w group,DM 8w group,DM 12w group.Dynamic expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)were observed in the diabetes mellitus(DM)rats'sciatic nerve by immunohistochemistry methods.Results In the NC group,VEGF expressions in the sciatic nerve axon were hardly observed.Compared with the NC group,DM group rats showed no significant differences in VEGF expressions of sciatic nerve axon before STZ injection and within 1 month after STZ injection(P0.05).Since 1 month after STZ injection,VEGF expressions in sciatic nerve axon were increased.Compared with NC group,VEGF expressions of DM 4w and DM 8w group showed significant differences respectively(P0.01)and no difference between DM 4w and DM 8w group(P0.05).VEGF expressions decreased distinctively and closed to normal with no difference with NC group(P0.05)and significant difference with DM 4w and DM 8w group(P0.01).However,VEGF expressions of sciatic nerve myelin sheath were not observed in either NC group or DM groups.Conclusion Under normal physiological state,negative VEGF expressions were observed in either axon or myelin sheath of DM rats' sciatic nerve.With hyperglycemic state,VEGF expressions increased in axon but not myelin sheath.Hence,VEGF expressions were observed mostly in axons of DM rats' sciatic nerve.Obviously increases of VEGF expression were observed in axon of DM rats' sciatic nerve since 4w with a peak at 8w.Then,VEGF expression decreased gradually and approached to normal at 12w.
Synthesis and evaluation of multifunctional ferulic and caffeic acid dimers for Alzheimer’s disease

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

In this study, a series of novel ferulic and caffeic acid dimers was designed and synthesised, and their multifunctional properties against Alzheimer’s disease (AD) were evaluated. Results showed that our multifunctional strategy was great supported by enhancing the inhibition of Aβ1–42 self-induced aggregation. Moreover, 7b also had potent protective effects against glutamate-induced cell death without significant cell toxicity in mouse hippocampal neuronal HT22 cells and 10c effectively scavenged diphenylpicrylhydrazyl free radicals. Collectively, these data strongly encourage further optimisation of 7b as a new hit to develop multifunctional agents for the treatment of AD.
The stability and bioavailability of xanthohumol loaded by sophorolipid‐based microemulsions in functional beer

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Xanthohumol (XN) exhibits numerous physiological activities, yet its instability and proneness to degradation limit its use. Microemulsions, noted for effective drug solubilization and delivery, have been employed to enhance XN's stability and bioavailability in functional beers, using sophorolipids (SL) and Tween 80 (T80) as surfactants. Our development of T80‐ME and T80‐SL‐ME stabilized XN, as confirmed by reduced degradation in high‐performance liquid chromatography analysis and kinetic modeling. We established in vitro release and in vivo pharmacokinetic models, demonstrating improved outcomes with XN‐enriched beer. Our study also assessed total phenols, flavonoids, and antiaging effects in the beer. The formulation minimally affected beer's physicochemical properties, including pH, turbidity, and bitterness. Notably, XN's bioavailability in beer improved 1.79‐ to 7.33‐fold, underscoring microemulsion technology's role in enhancing XN absorption and metabolism. We analyzed the sensory flavor impact of SL biosurfactants in beer, finding them acceptable to consumers. This study highlights microemulsions' potential in elevating functional beer's nutritive value and applications.
PSCA polymorphisms and gastric cancer susceptibility in an eastern Chinese population

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA) gene, which encodes a prostate-specific antigen (PSA), was identified as a gene involved in cell adhesion and proliferation. The associations between the PSCA rs2294008 and rs2976392 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and gastric cancer (GCa) susceptibility were still controversial. To derive a more precise estimation of the associations, we conducted a case-control study of 1,124 cases and 1,192 controls in an eastern Chinese population. We found that the rs2294008T variant genotypes were associated with an increased GCa risk in this study population (CT vs CC, OR=1.59, 95% CI=1.33-1.89 and CT+TT vs CC, OR=1.38, 95% CI=1.17-1.62). For SNP rs2976392, the variant A genotypes were also associated with an increased GCa risk (AG vs GG, OR=1.61, 95% CI=1.35-1.91 and AG+AA vs GG, OR=1.47, 95% CI=1.25-1.74). The results were further validated by a meta-analysis. In conclusion, the results indicated that the PSCA rs2294008 T and rs2976392 A alleles were low-penetrate risk factors for GCa in this study population. However, large and well-designed studies are warranted to validate our findings.
2-Methyl-4,6-diphenyl-1,2,3-triazinium iodide

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

C 16 H 14 N 3 + .I - cristallise dans C2/c avec a=18.234, b=11.984, c=7.468A, β=113.95°, Z=4; affinement jusqu'a R=0.047. La planeite et les longueurs de liaisons du cycle triazine indiquent une delocalisation etendue de la densite d'electrons. Cation et anion sont situes sur un axe de rotation d'ordre 2. L'angle de liaison entre les trois atomes N est tres grand (129.0°)
Cutting edge: Lectin like transcript-1 is a ligand for the inhibitory human NKR-P1A receptor

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Increasingly, roles are emerging for C-type lectin receptors in immune regulation. One receptor whose function has remained largely enigmatic is human NKR-P1A (CD161), present on NK cells and subsets of T cells. In this study, we demonstrate that the lectin-like transcript-1 (LLT1) is a physiologic ligand for NKR-P1A. LLT1-containing liposomes bind to NKR-P1A+ cells, and binding is inhibited by anti-NKR-P1A mAb. Additionally, LLT1 activates NFA T-GFP reporter cells expressing CD3ζ NKR-P1A chimeric receptor; reciprocally, reporter cells with a CD3ζ-LLT1 chimeric receptor are stimulated by NKR-P1A. Moreover, LLT1 on target cells can inhibit NK cytotoxicity via interactions with NKR-P1A.
KANT AND MODERN MATHEMATICS<xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn1"><sup>*</sup></xref><subtitle>I. PHILOSOPHY AND THE MATHEMATICIANS</subtitle>

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

KANT AND MODERN MATHEMATICS: I. PHILOSOPHY AND THE MATHEMATICIANS Get access J. FANG J. FANG Northern Illinois University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Philosophia Mathematica, Volume s1-2, Issue 2, December 1965, Pages 47–52, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.philmat.a037281 Published: 01 December 1965
Research on the Development of Smart Ship Maritime Education Based on Internet +

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this paper is to study the impact of smart ships on navigation in the future.The research method is to analyze the current development of smart ships, analyze the problems facing maritime education, study the requirements of new navigation technologies and new knowledge, development.The result of the study is to propose the need of smart ships for navigation education, including knowledge-update pedagogy, pedagogical updates, college support and state support.Innovation is the combination of maritime education long-term development plan, the development of marine education in the era of intelligent ship teaching.
A Study of the Coagulant Action of Eight Snake Venoms

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Summary An investigation of the eight coagulant snake venoms has revealed the presence in three of these of both a direct thrombin-like activity and the ability to produce a powerful prothrombin activator from factor X in the presence of phospholipid and factor V. The use of antivenom prepared against the venoms indicated that the active principles were antigenically distinct in the genera studied but that some species cross reaction occurred.
The Influence of Nepotistic Education Leaders on Employee Turnover Intentions: Academic Performance Plays a Mediator Variable at Private Universities in Mogadishu

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This study aimed to ascertain the nature of the relationships between employee turnover intention, nepotism, and academic performance as mediating variables. The researchers thoroughly investigated the relevant literature and conducted empirical studies. Field research was conducted in the present study using a quantitative methodology. Ninety-eight academic staff members were selected to ensure the sample's representativeness of the population; a total of 98 academic staff members were selected. The researchers gathered data on nepotism, employee turnover intention, and academic performance via questionnaires. The research team gathered the data to guarantee the accuracy and reliability of the study's findings. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23 and SmartPLS 4. This study showed that employee turnover intentions are significantly harmed by nepotism. Nepotism and academic performance were significantly positively correlated. Academic performance and employee turnover intention were significantly positively correlated. The research identified nepotism with academic performance as a mediating variable concerning staff turnover intentions. This research adds significantly to the ongoing scholarly conversation about nepotism, academic performance, and staff turnover intentions in higher education institutions, providing critical insights into this phenomenon's positive and negative consequences. The studies offered a series of recommendations for additional research that could be conducted to rectify the identified deficiencies.
Numerical study of the formation, ion spin-up and nonlinear stability properties of field-reversed configurations

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Results of three-dimensional (3D) numerical simulations of field-reversed configurations (FRCs) are presented. The emphasis of this work is on the nonlinear evolution of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) instabilities in kinetic FRCs and the new FRC formation method by counter-helicity spheromak merging. Kinetic simulations show nonlinear saturation of the n = 1 tilt mode, where n is the toroidal mode number. The n = 2 and n = 3 rotational modes are observed to grow during the nonlinear phase of the tilt instability due to the ion spin-up in the toroidal direction. The ion toroidal spin-up is shown to be related to the resistive decay of the internal flux and the resulting loss of particle confinement. Three-dimensional MHD simulations of counter-helicity spheromak merging and FRC formation show good qualitative agreement with the results from the SSX-FRC experiment. The simulations show the formation of an FRC in about 20-30 Alfven times for typical experimental parameters. The growth rate of the n = I tilt mode is shown to be significantly reduced compared with the MHD growth rate due to the large plasma viscosity and field-line-tying effects.
Rehabilitative Ultrasound Imaging Features of the Abdominal Wall Muscles in Elite and Amateur Basketball Players

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The aim of the present study was to evaluate and compare with rehabilitative ultrasound imaging (RUSI) abdominal wall muscle thickness and interrecti distance (IRD) between elite and amateur basketball players. A sample of 32 basketball players (age: 23.0 ± 8.5; height: 1.89 ± 14.25 m; weight: 86.6 ± 15.5 kg; body mass index: 22.8 ± 2.6 kg/m2) was divided in two groups: professional elite and amateur players. A diagnostic ultrasound tool with a 7–14 MHz range linear transducer was used for B mode ultrasound imaging. Ultrasound images of the external oblique (EO), internal oblique (IO), transversus abdominis (TrAb), and rectus anterior (RA) muscles as well as IRD were measured and analyzed by ImageJ software. Statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) with greater height, weight, and Nijmegen scores were shown in favor of the elite basketball players compared to the amateur basketball players. Ultrasound measurements of the abdominal wall muscles showed statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) for increased IRD and left TrAb thickness and decreased right and left EO thickness in favor of the elite versus amateur basketball players. The rest of the measurements did not show any statistically significant differences (p > 0.05). Increased IRD and TrAb thickness and reduced EO thickness may be shown in elite versus amateur basketball players.
An empirical analysis of housing allowance recipients 2010- 2020 and a forecast of the near future

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This study seeks to identify the attributes of recipients of housing allowance in\nNorway and formulate an econometric model capable of predicting the inflow of\nnew recipients of housing allowance in the near future. As the Norwegian State\nHousing Bank receives funding via the state budget, such a model will help to\nensure that the bank receives proper funding.\nThe study finds that the number of applicants, recipients and new recipients has\ndecreased significantly over the past ten years, despite that the number of people\nconsidered poor in Norway has increased. Moreover, the anticipated effect of\nincome and housing expenses are minimalised through the politically decided\nincome and approved housing expenses limits. Furthermore, we find the inflow of\nnew recipients to be a function of previous inflow, average housing expenses, age,\nregulations, employment, and unemployment. The chosen model to forecast the\ninflow is Vector Autoregression (VAR) model. Moreover, through an Impulse\nResponse Function (IRF), we find that Regulation and Employment are the two\nvariables that has the greatest effect on the inflow of new recipients. The accuracy\nof the model is tested by comparing the VAR forecast to a forecast with linear\nregression and actual values. Moreover, it is evaluated using mean error (ME),\nmean percentage error (MPE) root mean squared errors (RMSE), mean absolute\nerrors (MAE), mean absolute percentage errors (MAPE).\nThe study concludes that given the available data, the VAR model is able to\nproduce satisfactory results, although the precision and the usage of external data\ncan be better.
The Role of Self‐Reported Willingness to Use Drugs in Public Health Research: Population‐Level Projections of Adolescents' Decriminalised Cannabis Use and Associated Risk Profiles

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Introduction Public health planning in jurisdictions considering cannabis policy shifts may benefit from projections concerning post‐policy changes in cannabis use and user profiles. Multiple scenarios concerning decriminalised cannabis use among Norwegian high school students were projected using a simple but under‐utilised tool: their self‐reported willingness to do so. Methods A nationally representative sample of Norwegian high school students ( N = 3490) reported on their characteristics, cannabis use, and whether they would use cannabis if doing so were non‐punishable. These estimates were scaled up to census data and used to project the population sizes of students who may initiate/increase decriminalised cannabis use under various hypothetical willingness‐to‐behaviour transition scenarios. Multinomial regression models were used to identify risk profiles associated with willingness to use decriminalised cannabis. Results One in five participants (20.3%) reported lifetime cannabis use, corresponding to 38,200 student users nationally. Among never‐users, 8.0% reported willingness to initiate decriminalised cannabis use, while 22.3% were unsure. Among users, 40.3% reported willingness to increase decriminalised cannabis use, while 30.3% were unsure. Multiple projection scenarios indicated that both the prevalence (e.g., 12,000 new users nationally if all non‐users willing to initiate use would do so) and frequency of cannabis use (e.g., 15,400 more frequent users nationally if all users willing to increase use would do so) would increase under decriminalisation, especially among youth with certain socio‐demographic characteristics and recent histories of frequent use. Discussion and Conclusions Asking young people about their intended cannabis use under different policies provides an easily understandable and highly relevant tool in public health research and planning.
Effects of Organic Acid and Feed Restriction Intensity on the Performance and Immune Response of Broilers

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This study was performed to evaluate the effects of organic acid and feed restriction intensity on the performance and immune response of broilers.For this purpose, 540 one-day-old male broilers of Ross 308 strain were grown in a 3×3 factorial experiment with three levels of Globacid (0, 0.5, and 1 mL/L) and three levels of feed restriction intensity (0, 10, and 20%) in a completely randomized design with 9 experimental treatments, 6 replicates with 10 chickens in each replicate up to 42 days of age.The group containing Globacid (1 mL/L) and the restriction intensity of 10% had the highest significant difference compared to the control (p <0.05).The highest thymus weight was observed in the treatments with Globacid levels of 0.5 and 1 mL/L, respectively (p < 0.05).Also, the highest humoral immune response among the groups was seen in the group containing Globacid (1 mL/L) and the restriction intensity of 10% (p < 0.05).The results of this study generally showed that increasing the level of organic acid together with reducing the intensity of dietary restriction can improve the performance and immune responses of broilers.
Drying of Vaccines and Biomolecules

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Vaccines are the most important life-saving prophylactic medicines administered in maintaining global health. In a pandemic situation, the manufacturing, formulation followed by preservation of vaccine are challenging areas of concern looking at the dire need of administering it to several billion people on the planet in a pandemic like situation. An important area of major concern is the potential loss of vaccine activity during storage and transportation. Scientists have developed several innovative ideas to store vaccines for a longer period of time. This article focuses on a critical overview of various methods of vaccine storage in dry powder form. Conventional vaccine drying processes, such as freeze drying under different conditions, spray drying along with the upcoming novel technologies such as spray freeze drying are described in detail for the application in vaccine drying. Some other emerging methods, such as, microwave freeze drying and atmospheric freeze drying techniques are also discussed; these could be the game changers in the future. Several drying techniques make use of protective agents during the process of drying and storage. This review also highlights a comparative study of various technological challenges in drying of vaccines in support of the current global health scenario affected by COVID19.
Romanced Documents, Bilingual Documents And Books Of Habices

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This chapter presents the documents written in Castilian (Spanish), but whose contents refer to matters related to the Naṣrid kingdom of Granada, as well as other documents with bilingual texts. In the case of the romanced documents, they were translated from a previous source written in Arabic, while the habices were written directly in Castilian from an oral source, which was also Arabic. The bilingual texts are true to their name, with dual texts in Arabic and Castilian. The Arabic-Castilian bilingual texts refer to very short texts containing receipts and payments of real estate and poll taxes. The existence of these documents is a clear proof of the fact that the arrival in Granada of the Catholic Monarchs did not mean a complete break from Muslim tradition in the city. Keywords: bilingual documents; Catholic Monarchs; habices ; Naṣrid kingdom of Granada; romanced documents
Superior memory reduces 8-year risk of mild cognitive impairment and dementia but not amyloid β-associated cognitive decline in older adults

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective \n \nTo prospectively examine 8-year risk of clinical disease progression to mild cognitive impairment (MCI)/dementia in older adults ≥60 with superior episodic memory (SuperAgers) compared to those cognitively normal for their age (CNFA). Additionally, to determine the extent to which SuperAgers were resilient to the negative effects of elevated amyloid-beta (Aβ+) on cognition. \n \nMethod \n \nParticipants were classified as SuperAgers based on episodic memory performance consistent with younger adults aged 30–44 and no impairment on non-memory tests (n = 179), and were matched with CNFA on age, sex, education, and follow-up time (n = 179). Subdistribution hazard models examined risk of clinical progression to MCI/dementia. Linear mixed models assessed the effect of Aβ on cognition over time. \n \nResults \n \nPrevalence of Aβ+ and APOE ε4 was equivalent between SuperAgers and CNFA. SuperAgers had 69%–73% reduced risk of clinical progression to MCI/dementia compared to CNFA (HR: 0.27–0.31, 95% CI: 0.11–0.73, p < .001). Aβ+ was associated with cognitive decline in verbal memory and executive function, regardless of SuperAger/CNFA classification. In the absence of Aβ+, equivalent age-related changes in cognition were observed between SuperAgers and CNFA. \n \nConclusions \n \nSuperAgers displayed resilience against clinical progression to MCI/dementia compared to CNFA despite equivalent risk for Alzheimer’s disease (AD); however, SuperAgers had no greater protection from Aβ+ than CNFA. The deleterious effects of Aβ on cognition persist regardless of baseline cognitive ability. Thus, superior cognitive performance does not reflect resistance against the neuropathological processes associated with AD, and the observed resilience for SuperAgers may instead reflect neuropsychological criteria for cognitive impairment.
Pricing and Revenue Maximization for Battery Charging Services in PHEV Markets

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper investigates a pricing strategy to maximize the revenue in future plug-in hybrid electric vehicles' market for battery charging services. Service models are developed for a monopoly market with two typical service classes. The unique characteristics of battery charging result in a piecewise linear quality of service (QoS) model. By resorting to the concept of superdifferential, some theoretical results, including the existence and uniqueness of the subscriber equilibrium and the convergence of the corresponding subscriber dynamics, are established. In the course of developing revenue-maximizing pricing strategies for both service classes, a general tradeoff has been identified between monetization and customer acquisition.