jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Hydrophobia's Doppelgänger: Toward a Literary History of Emotions in Early American Rabies Narratives

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This essay explores how phobia emerged as a familiar medical diagnostic in the United States and Atlantic world in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Before phobia developed into a variable suffix that could attach to different objects and ideas, its meaning took shape in literature on rabies. Until the late 1800s, the common name for rabies among English speakers was hydrophobia. Transliterated from the Greek, the term was used to designate a dread of liquids, prompted by difficulties in swallowing-a symptom doctors considered the most familiar form the disease took. By the late eighteenth century a diagnostic twist had taken effect: many physicians agreed that one could acquire hydrophobia without being bitten. Doctors called this subspecies "spontaneous hydrophobia." This article argues that phobia's variability as a concept grew in dialogue with case studies documenting the phenomenon of spontaneous rabies.
Comparing overexcitabilities of gifted and non‐gifted 10th grade students in Turkey

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The study compares overexcitability scores of Turkish 10th graders who are grouped in terms of their intellectual abilities, motivation, creativity and leadership as well as gender. 711 students who were administered Raven Advanced Progressive Matrices Test (APM) were divided into three intellectual ability categories. From this pool, 105 subjects were selected as the sample of the study. Teacher Observation and Evaluation Form (TOEF) was used for categorizing students in terms of motivation, creativity and leadership. On the other hand, Overexcitability Questionnaire (OEQ) was administered to the sample for assessing their overexcitabilities. According to the findings of the study, overexcitability scores of highly intelligent, motivated, creative and leader students in some overexcitability areas are significantly greater than those of their lower counterparts. No gender differences are found in regard to overexcitabilities.
Tetrazolium test for the viability assessment of cocoa seeds

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Cocoa seeds are recalcitrant, resulting in a faster loss of viability with storage time and the tetrazolium test is an alternative to determine the viability of these seeds as quickly as possible. The objective of this study was to develop a tetrazolium test protocol for cocoa seeds to assess seed viability. Seeds were extracted from fruits and after the processing were subjected to the tetrazolium test considering 7 times in tetrazolium solution (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 hours) and 2 concentrations of tetrazolium solution (0.05 % and 0.075 %). Before this, seeds were soaking for 6 hours in germination paper and the seed coats were removed. During the immersion on tetrazolium solution, seed were maintained in a germination chamber at 42 °C. After this, seeds were categorized into 4 classes, according to the coloration of embryonic axis, with the living tissues being dyed with light pink color while dead tissues were non-colored. To confirm the results of tetrazolium test, a germination test was carried out to associate the percentage of germination with the percentage of viable seeds obtained by the tetrazolium test. Considering this, the recommended immersion time in the tetrazolium solution is 3 hours with a concentration of 0.05 %.
[Soluble expression of recombinant human apoliprotein A-I-Milano in Escherichia coli].

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Apolipoprotein A-I-Milano(AIM), a natural variant, not only inhibits the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis, but also makes the preexisting atherosclerotic lesions regress. AIM gene, at which N-terminal codens were optimized, was subcloned into the expression vector of pET22b. Recombiant plasmids were transformed into E. coli strain BL21 (DE3) and induced with IPTG. The expressed apoliprotein A-I-Milano was soluble in E. coli and was about 38% of total cell lysate. Purified by Butyl Sepharose 4F. F hydrophobic chromatography and Q Sepharose H.P. anion exchange chromatography, followed by ultrafiltration with Vivaspin 20 (30 000MW), AIM monomer was obtained in a purity of more than 95%. Activity assay of binding of AIM monomer to lipid indicates that association of AIM monomer with DMPC is slower than normal apoA-I but DMPC number associated by AIM monomer is more than by apoA-I. This results will be important for studying structure, function of AIM, specially clinical application.
The Performance and Handling of a Top Fuel Drag Motorcycle

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The design and development of a top fuel drag motorcycle are reviewed from the standpoints of performance, stability and handling, and rider safety. The paper begins with a summary of design requirements related to longitudinal performance, lateral/directional stability and control, structural properties, rider factors, organizational rules, and the fact that drag racing is a spectator sport. A contemporary top fuel dragster design is used as an example case study. Analytical results illustrate the effects of aerodynamics, and varying other design parameters, on performance and stability. A principal result is that adequate down load must be maintained on the front tire. The results suggest that safety and good handling need not compromise ultimate performance, and that the required tradeoffs can be guided by analysis at the design stage.</div>
Ankle Joint Damage Treated with Infliximab in a Patient with Rheumatoid Arthritis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Clinical Presentation: A 44-year-old woman visited our hospital with a 2-year history of pain, swelling, and claudication in her right ankle. A plain radiograph (XP) showed destruction of her right ankle, as osteophytes and joint narrowing were seen (Figure 1). However, the anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide, C-reactive protein, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate were negative, and the immunoglobulin M rheumatoid factor was positive (57 IU/ml). After a diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) was made, methotrexate (8 mg/ week) was administered. Although methotrexate therapy was administered for 3 months, the symptoms did not improve. Infliximab (IFX), an anti-tumor necrosis factor antibody, was administered at a routine dosage (3 mg/kg). Surprisingly, just after the IFX infusion, her symptoms disappeared. She was able to walk normally. Nine months after initiating IFX therapy, an XP of her right ankle showed joint widening (Figure 2). Presently, 7 years later, she is free of symptoms, walks normally, and works as a hotel owner. RA treatment goals are to suppress inflammation and to prevent structural joint damage [1]. Recent studies have reported patients in whom repair of bone erosion or mitigation of joint space narrowing was achieved using biologics [2]. Initial inflammation and subsequent radiographic progression are the dominant contributors to disability in patients with RA [3]. After all, tight control of disease activity ameliorates RA as well as local joint destruction.
Impact of Sensitization of Family Caregivers upon Treatment Compliance among Geriatric Patients Suffering from Elder Abuse and Neglect

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Geriatric patients in various outpatient department (OPDs) have been found to agonize from elder abuse and neglect (EAN). Such suffering imposes depressive states within individuals, which in turn affects treatment compliance. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of sensitization (psychotherapeutic) of family caregivers (FCGs) upon two denture treatment parameters (maintenance and treatment satisfaction) among EAN patients and compare the differences in outcome with non-abused patients. A survey of completely edentulous subjects (n = 860, aged 41–80 years) provided a sampling frame of 332 EAN patients from which 150 patients (including FCGs) fulfilling the study criteria were distributed (simple random, convenient) into two groups (Group A—control, Group B—test). FCG sensitization for subjects in Group B was performed by a clinical psychologist in 2–4 short (30 min) sessions. Demographic characteristics (frequency) were measured using a self-reported questionnaire, denture maintenance was measured using a denture hygiene index (scores), and treatment satisfaction was analyzed on a 10-point visual analog scale. Relevant data were calculated for means and absolute/relative frequencies. Any difference between two groups was estimated using an unpaired t-test while the level of relationship was determined by Karl Pearson’s test at a p-value of < 0.05. The results showed highest frequency (38.6%) for neglect, with elder neglect (EN) being most common (38.14% alone and 14% in combination). EN was found more if the FCG was a son (52%), in the age group (21–30 years), and with low education and low income (75%). Patients whose FCGs were counselled (Group B) demonstrated low denture plaque scores (mean = 1.38 ± 0.618), while demonstrating comparatively higher scores in six different parameters of treatment satisfaction. Differences between the two groups for both parameters were also found to be statistically significant. Psychotherapeutic counselling in the form of FCG sensitization brings better results of denture maintenance and treatment satisfaction.
A sol-gel method for growing superconducting MgB2 films

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper we report a new sol-gel method for the fabrication of MgB2 films. Polycrystalline MgB2 films were prepared by spin-coating a precursor solution of Mg(BH_4)_2 diethyl ether on (001)Al2O3 substrates followed with annealing in Mg vapor. In comparison with the MgB2 films grown by other techniques, our films show medium qualities including a superconducting transition temperature of Tc ~ 37 K, a critical current density of Jc(5 K, 0 T) ~ 5 {\times} 10^6 A cm^{-2}, and a critical field of H_{c2}(0) ~ 19 T. Such a sol-gel technique shows potential in the commercial fabrication of practically used MgB2 films as well as MgB2 wires and tapes.
Dynamic yield behaviors of aluminum under shock and ramp compression: Experiments and models

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Although dynamic yield behaviors of aluminum and its alloys have been extensively studied for decades, there is still ongoing debate regarding the loading-path dependence of yield strength. In this work, we carry out shock and ramp compression experiments to systematically measure the dynamic yield strength of aluminum under different loading paths. Experimental results indicate that the dynamic yield strength is highly sensitive to the loading path, along which strain-rate hardening, strain hardening, and high-temperature softening play competitive roles. A direct comparison of data provides the possibility to partially decouple the effects of temperature, strain, and strain rate. Based on the results, a dislocation-based constitutive model is proposed as a function of strain rate, strain, and temperature, which can effectively describe the dynamic yield behaviors of aluminum along various loading paths. It is indicated that the dislocation density saturates around 40 GPa along either loading paths, while a significantly higher dislocation velocity is observed under shock loading, resulting from a much higher temperature rise associated with plastic dissipation.
Effect of the grain boundary character distribution on the sulfur corrosion behaviour and mechanisms of copper windings under different high temperatures

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract As a typical failure phenomenon in transformers, sulfur corrosion has garnered significant attention in the field of high‐voltage engineering. Grain boundary character distribution (GBCD) copper windings have been introduced to enhance sulfur corrosion resistance by slowing down intergranular corrosion. In this study, the sulfur corrosion behaviour and mechanisms of the GBCD copper windings under various temperatures were experimentally and theoretically studied. Results show that GBCD can enhance the corrosion resistance of copper in liquid environments. With the increase in temperatures, the insulating properties of oil and papers in traditional copper windings experience notable degradation, while GBCD copper windings show more stable insulating behaviours. In addition, modelling of grain boundary energy indicates that the grain boundary structure of GBCD copper windings has a lower average interface energy of 0.170 eV/Å 2 . Calculations of reaction thermodynamics show that GBCD copper windings possess a higher failure temperature (135.2°C) and inhibition degree (activation energy) of the sulfur corrosion (32,557.62 J/mol), revealing the stability and enhanced sulfur corrosion resistance at elevated temperatures.
Stabilization of 960 nm laser using pound-drever-hall technique

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Frequency stabilization of 960 nm laser could not simply be done by using Doppler-free saturated absoption spectroscopy since there is no convenient atomic transition for locking a laser at that particular wavelength. We designed a system where a 780 nm laser that is locked at 5(2) S1/2 → 5(2) P3/2 trasition of Rubidium (Rb) atom can be used as primary reference to stabilize the length of a high ﬁnesse cavity. The stable cavity is then expected to be applied in a Pound-Drever-Hall technique for laser stabilization to lock the 960 nm laser.
Socio-economic requirements of transition to the green economy in the regions of Ukraine

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The article updates the issue of the transition to a green economy. It emphasizes that the green economy policy faces a number of contradictions and problems that make its implementation a difficult task. The tools and mechanisms for implementing the transition to a green economy are substantiated, taking into account the theoretical foundations of the ecological economy. These include economic, regulatory, and informational tools and international/interregional cooperation. The interpretation of the concepts of green economy and green growth is presented. The tools and mechanisms for implementing the transition to a green economy in the context of the Green Growth Strategy are defined, namely: economic, regulatory, and informational tools, international/interregional cooperation, the development of green innovations, and raising the environmental awareness of the population. The essence and main tasks of the European Green Deal are considered. Attention is focused on the consideration of financial instruments, the use of which will make it possible to mobilize the necessary investments in order to transform various sectors of the EU economy to reduce emissions into the atmosphere. The necessity and possibilities of the transition to a green economy in Ukraine are substantiated. Directions and measures for increasing the efficiency of ecological development of the regions of Ukraine are proposed: development of new and improvement of existing tools, introduction of incentives for the use of ecological development tools, raising awareness and involvement of the public in the processes of ecological development, strengthening the institutional capacity for the implementation and monitoring of environmental policy, and minimizing threats to agriculture. The article notes that the green economy is still a relatively new phenomenon, so many researchers and political circles oppose the implementation of its initiatives, including economic liberals, conservatives, and certain industrial groups. The main reasons for non-acceptance of a number of initiatives of the European Green Course by the farmers of European countries are identified.
Expert group calls for more funding to tackle malaria

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

European Union donors need to increase their funding to antimalaria programmes fourfold if the ultimate target of defeating the disease is to be achieved, says a study from the European Alliance Against Malaria.

Since 2004, global funding for malaria control has increased considerably and by 2007, the most recent year for which complete data are available, had reached $1.5bn (£920m; €1.1bn). However, the report by the alliance, a group of European civil society organisations, warns that this will be insufficient to meet the millennium development goal of halting by 2015 and beginning …
Anomalies detection approach using projection pursuit in hyperspectral image based on parallel genetic algorithm

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This anomalies detection approach seeks the directions that maximize the projection index, so as to gain the anomalies structure information. Using genetic algorithm in this approach can search accurate optimal projection directions, but it's a computation-intensive task. So, a parallel algorithm under distributed memory system was presented. The projection directions were searched efficiently by parallel genetic algorithm model, and the projection directions' precision was guaranteed by using a strengthened terminal qualification. Then, the detected anomaly components were wiped off by projecting the data onto the subspace orthogonal to the previous projection directions, and the other anomalies were searched in the residual space. The final task of projection and objects segmentation was also completed in parallel. Using an OMIS hyperspectral data to test the parallel algorithm's performance under an eight-node cluster, the process time reduced from 15 minutes to 2.8 minutes. The results show the validity and comparative good parallel efficiency.
Fluorescence enhancement of immunoarrays by gold and silica nanoparticles

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

High-throughput protein microarrays have advanced scientific study into previously very complicated fields such as identification of diseases related proteins and their respective functions. However, they are still not as successful as DNA microarrays in terms of practical usage in medical field. One of the many reasons is due to low detection signal from microarrays. Hence, they are incapable of producing high quality data from small samples of proteins which is frequent in clinical environment. Hence, this project aim is to improve the fluorescence signal from immunoarrays, a subset of protein microarrays. Two different mechanisms, Surface Plasmon Resonance and Enlarged Receptor Surface, were explored to improve fluorescence signal of immunoarrays. For these mechanisms, gold nanoparticles and silica nanoparticles were needed and they were synthesized by Turkevich method and Stober method respectively. Both mechanisms successfully enhanced fluorescence signals. Surface Enlarged receptor method with silica nanoparticles immobilized on microarray substrate enhanced fluorescence signal 7.3 times. On the other hand, silica coated gold nanoparticles enhanced fluorescence signal by 2.75 times in solution. By no means, these are the best possible enhancements as parameters affecting both mechanisms can be optimized further to produce higher fluorescence signal which will enable detection of protein samples of low concentration.
The In Vitro Interaction of 3-Methylcholanthrene with Deoxyribonucleic Acid

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The purpose of this thesis is to report the interaction of aromatic hydrocarbons with DNA and to attempt to determine the relative binding affinities. The effect of the hydrocarbons on the continuity of the DNA molecule has been studied also and discussed.
The enhancement effect of social interaction on emotional contagion: an EEG-Based hyperscanning study

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Emotional contagion refers to the tendency for individuals to replicate the emotional states of others primarily, within the context of social interactions. Prior research has focused on the real-time emotional contagion during interpersonal communication. However, this study proposes that social interaction experiences, particularly those involving cooperation, might also play a role in promoting emotional contagion. To investigate this issue, the present study divided participants into the interactive group and the control group and conducted EEG-based hyperscanning to explore the impact of interpersonal interaction experience on emotional contagion. Behavioral results indicated that individuals reported a greater psychological closeness to their partners after experiencing interaction. Additionally, the interactive group showed stronger emotional congruence between observers and senders. EEG results further demonstrated that inter-brain synchrony in the emotional contagion phase among the observer and sender of the interactive group was significantly higher than that of the control group and was significantly correlated with the observer's emotional state. This research suggests that social interaction experience may affect emotional contagion by altering the interpersonal dynamics. The present study adds to the understanding of how social interactions can shape emotional experiences and emphasizes that interpersonal experiences might be a key factor in promoting emotional contagion.
Antiferromagnetische Wechselwirkungen in einigen µ-Oxoeisen(III)-Porphyrinen / Antiferromagnetic Interactions in Some µ-Oxoiron(III)-porphyrins

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The magnetic susceptibilities of the binuclear oxobridged iron(III)-porphyrins [Fe(TTP)] 2 O (2 d), [Fe(OÄP)] 2 O (3 b) and [Fe(OÄPMe 2 )] 2 O (4b) have been determined over the temperature range 4-300 K. The measured susceptibilities of [Sc(TTP)] 2 O (2 e) and [Sc(OÄP)] 2 O (3 c) were used as diamagnetic corrections for [Fe(TTP)] 2 O (2 d) and [Fe(OÄP)] 2 O (3 c), respectively, whereas the diamagnetic correction for [Fe(OÄPMe 2 )] 2 O (4b) was calculated from the measured values of H 2 (OÄP) (3d), H 2 (OÄPMe 2 ) (4c) and [Sc(OÄP)] 2 O (3 c). Antiferromagnetic interactions between the Fe m ions can be described in terms of the HEISENBERG—DIRAC—VAN VLECK-model. The relation between exchange coupling parameters J 12 and steric and electronic effects of the substituents is discussed. The anomalous magnetic behaviour of [Fe(OÄP)] 2 O (3 b) between 230 and 250 K is due to a change in crystal structure.