jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear oscillations for beginners. Calculating period using an elementary computational approach

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Determining the period of a nonlinear oscillation is a challenging task that requires a strong mathematical background in solving nonlinear differential equations. However, the procedure can be significantly simplified using the area under the 1/|υ|= f(x) graph, where υ is the velocity of the oscillating object and x is its displacement from its equilibrium position. The proposed method requires elementary computational tools and is appropriate for determining the period of any nonlinear undamped oscillation. Characteristic examples are presented, such as the simple pendulum, the oscillation with a power-law restoring force, and the cubic-quintic Duffing oscillator. The proposed approach provides accurate results and is appropriate for introductory physics and mechanics courses.
Evaluation Method of Vocal Music Teaching Quality for Music Majors Based on the Theory of Multiple Intelligences

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The quality evaluation of vocal music teaching for music majors is of great significance to music education. Based on the theory of multiple intelligences, this paper constructs a model for evaluating the quality of vocal music teaching for music majors and introduces the theory of multiple intelligences into the operation form, design requirements, and recommended lesson examples of music teaching unit design. The experimental data and questionnaire data collected by the model verify that this operation is beneficial to the improvement of students’ music listening scores, vocal music comprehension scores, and total scores and solves the quantitative problem of vocal music teaching quality evaluation. In the simulation process, the engineering testing and analysis method uses the correlation rate and correlation strength as the analysis indicators, comparing the platforms for the quality evaluation of vocal music teaching in music majors and the corresponding quality evaluation data preprocessing process. The experimental results show that the algorithm performance evaluation is carried out based on the three aspects of quality evaluation association rules, algorithm running time, and algorithm memory consumption. The multiple intelligence algorithm is applied to vocal music teaching analysis of association rules for quality evaluation: when 4000 tasks call for 20–40 virtual resources, the total time spent is reduced by 61.7%, which has a significant positive effect on the knowledge expansion and ability improvement of music majors.
Risk Factors and Incidence of Suction Loss during Small Incision Lenticule Extraction (SMILE) in 8493 eyes

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background : To report the incidence and risk factors of suction loss during small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE). Methods : This retrospective comparative case control study included 8493 eyes of 4261 patients. Patients underwent SMILE surgery between January 2014 and September 2019 were included. Videos of suction loss were reviewed, and the direct causes of suction loss were noted. An independent samples t-test was used for comparisons between the suction loss group and the control group. A binary logistic regression model was used to determine the possible significant risk factors that might increase the likelihood of suction loss during SMILE surgery. Results : Suction loss occurred in 31 (0.37%) eyes of 30 patients; 23 (74.2%) cases occurred in the right eye (the first operative eye) and 8 (25.8%) cases occurred in the left eye. Among the 30 patients, 23 (76.7%) were male and 7 (23.3%) were female. The incidence in the six consecutive years were 0%, 2.13%, 0.34%, 0.24%, 0.22%, and 0.25%. Head and eye movements during surgery caused suction loss in 16 (51.6%) and 15 (48.4%) eyes, respectively. Comparison between the suction loss group and the control group showed that the first operative eye and male gender are at a significantly high risk for suction loss ( p < 0.05). Conclusions : The risk factors of suction loss were first operative eye and male gender. Head and eye movements due to patient anxiety are the most common direct causes of suction loss. Surgeon’s experience may help to reduce the incidence of suction loss. Preoperative education and better communication during surgery needs to be emphasized. Trial registration : Retrospectively registered. ChiCTR-ORC-17011040. Registered 1 April 2017. Name of registry: The observation of clinical results after corneal refractive surgery. Data of enrollment of the first participant to the trial: 1 January 2014.
A New Model for Error Clustering in Telephone Circuits

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

This paper proposes a new mathematical model to describe the distribution of the occurrence of errors in data transmission on telephone lines. We suggest: a) that the statistics of telephone errors can be described in terms of an error probability depending solely on the time elapsed since the last occurrence of an error; b) that the distribution of inter-error intervals can be well approximated by a law of Pareto of exponent less than one; the relative number of errors and the equivocation tend, therefore, to zero as the length of the message is increased. The validity of those concepts is demonstrated with the aid of experimental data obtained from the German telephone network. Further consequences, refinements, and uses of the model are described in the body of the paper.
All‐trans retinoic acid potentiates the antibody response in mice to a lipopeptide antigen adjuvanted with liposomal lipid A

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Retinoic acid (RA), the bioactive metabolite of retinol, is essential for robust humoral immunity in animals and humans. Recent interest in RA as a vaccine adjuvant has been encouraged by reports showing cooperative enhancement of antibody responses to tetanus toxin in rodents by all‐ trans RA (ATRA) and a Toll‐like receptor‐3 agonist. We hypothesized that RA would augment the antibody response to a co‐delivered lipopeptide immunogen derived from the membrane proximal region (MPR) of HIV‐1 gp41. The MPR is weakly immunogenic and could benefit from potent new humoral adjuvants. When co‐formulated in liposomes and administered to BALB/C mice, ATRA alone did not elicit serum anti‐peptide antibodies to an MPR‐derived lipopeptide. However, addition of ATRA, but not 13 ‐cis RA, to a liposomal formulation containing the Toll‐like receptor‐4 agonist monophosphoryl lipid A resulted in a fourfold enhancement of serum anti‐peptide IgG titers as compared with a formulation containing lipid A alone ( P =0.00039). The difference did not arise from biophysical changes in the liposome formulation, including vesicle size, vesicle charge and liposome association of antigen. Thus, ATRA warrants further study as a vaccine adjuvant.
Random Dilution at Marginal Dimensionality in LiTb_{p}Y_{1-p}F_{4}

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The ${T}_{c}(p)$ vs $p$ phase diagram and the critical behavior of the magnetic susceptibility of the randomly diluted, three-dimensional, Ising, dipolar-coupled ferromagnet $\mathrm{Li}{\mathrm{Tb}}_{p}{\mathrm{Y}}_{1\ensuremath{-}p}{\mathrm{F}}_{4}$ has been measured for $0.97>~p>~0.46$. For $p>~0.46$ the ${T}_{c}(p)$ phase diagram obeys the relation ${T}_{c}(p)=2.88 \mathrm{K}\ensuremath{-}(3.24\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.10 \mathrm{K})(1\ensuremath{-}p)$. At small $p$, a power-law fit is found to be qualitatively more in agreement with the data than either the renormalization-group logarithmically corrected power law or a recent prediction for the random dipolar Ising magnet.
Caracterización De Los Consumidores De Ropa De Moda

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This study is a Marketing work about the life style of the consumers related to their fashion clothing purchases. For that an instrument is applied using a scale proposed by Chegedzai, Manillall and Lawrence Mandhalazi (2014) who identified seven constructs for the typology: Fashion Aware, Hedonist, Brand Aware, Innovative, Quality Aware, Undecisive and Brand Loyalty. Its a transversal, quantitative, exploratory and descriptive investigation. The sample shows 1000 individuals from 21 to 80 years old, in Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico, validating a 4o items instrument acquiring an Alfa de Cronbach of 0.952. The questions were categorical and the answers were indicted on a Likert Scale from 1 to 5. The results on relation to the analyzed dimensions, point that the interviewed attempt to buy quality clothes and aknowledge that it is an effort to achieve it because their incomes are a limiting to their purchase of High End clothing brands. The genre affects on the purchase decision, concluding that there are meaningful differences between men and women: the women enjoy more buying clothes, they have more fun while they’re doing it and dedicate more time to the activity mentioned. It is a Project from the Red Nacional de Investigación “Gestion de la Mercadotecnia” del Consorcio de Universidades Mexicanas. (National Net of Investigation “Marketing management” of the Mexican Universities Consortium).
Beyond genetic discrimination. Problems and perspectives of a contested notion

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In the recent past a number of empirical studies provided evidence that increasing genetic knowledge leads to new forms of exclusion, disadvantage and stigmatisation. As a consequence, many states have inaugurated special legislation to fight "genetic discrimination". This article focuses on some theoretical, normative and practical problems in the scientific and political debate on genetic discrimination. It puts forward the thesis that the existing antidiscrimination approach is based on the implicit idea that genes are the essence of (human) life. Since genes are held responsible for individual development and personal identity, genetic discrimination is granted a privileged legal status in comparison to other forms of discrimination. As a result the analytical and political concentration on processes of genetic discrimination may reinforce the "geneticization" of body, illness and deviance.
Large‐signal and small‐signal electronic equivalent circuits for a field electron emitter

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Large‐signal and small‐signal electronic equivalent circuits are developed to describe signal generation by a field electron emitter, with and without a ballast resistor. It is shown that different small‐signal equivalent circuits are needed for the cases where a small alternating voltage variation is applied and where the tunneling process is directly modulated, e.g. by directing a laser at the field emitter. The role of circuit resistances and of the parasitic capacitance between the emitter and its surroundings is crucially different in the two cases, with low‐pass filter behaviour exhibited in the first case and high‐pass filter behaviour in the second. Some consequences for the technical use of a field electron emitter as a non‐linear device are discussed, particularly in applications that involve laser‐assisted field electron emission and in the context of testing field emission tubes. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Studies on the quality improvement of sweetened adzuki ann Part V. Application of a pressure cooker equipped with a kneader to the sweetening process of adzuki ann.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

新しく, 100℃以上で行う加圧餡練り法を確立するために,従来から行われている常圧の餡練り法と比較検討した. その結果,加圧餡練り工程中の,一定温度を保持する際の釜内圧±0.25kg/cm2程度の変動では遊離でんぷんは増加しなかった.また,品温が80℃以下の場合には急速冷却しても遊離でんぷん量は増えなかった.そこで, 80℃以上の餡練り工程中,常に陽圧を保持するためには,釜内圧を0.25～0.5kg/cm2高めるとよく,高めて調製した試料(乾物)の遊離でんぷん量は2.0g以下であった. 加圧餡練り法を利用して良品質の練り餡を調製する条件は温度110～120℃,時間20～45分,加水量240mlで,従来の練り餡と比較して硬さ,粘着性,遊離でんぷん量,見かけの体積,保水力など理化学的特性値が優れ,官能評価の高いものである.この加圧餡練り法で練り餡を製造すると従来法の製品と比較して,約10%体積が大きくなった.また, 20～40%省エネルギーとなった.
On the spectra of mapping classes and the 4-genera of positive knots

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Roughly, this thesis can be divided into three parts.

In the first part, we study the Galois conjugates of the dilatation of pseudo-Anosov mapping classes. In particular, for a product of two multitwists, we show that all Galois conjugates are either real and positive or contained in the unit circle and the positive real axis, depending on whether the products are of opposite or of the same sign. Furthermore, for each closed orientable surface, we determine the minimal dilatation among pseudo-Anosov mapping classes arising from Penner's construction.

In the second part, we consider the Alexander polynomial and the signature function of links. For a Murasugi sum of two Seifert surfaces with symmetric, definite Seifert form, we show that all zeroes of the Alexander polynomial are either real and positive or contained in unit circle and the negative real axis, depending on whether the Seifert forms are definite of opposite or the same sign. Furthermore, we prove that the signature function of a Murasugi sum of two Seifert surfaces with symmetric, definite Seifert form is monotonic. We also show that the signature of a positive arborescent Hopf plumbing is greater than or equal to two thirds of the first Betti number.

In the third part, we study the topological four-genus of positive braid knots. We show that the difference of the ordinary Seifert genus and the topological four-genus grows at least linearly with the positive braid index. In particular, we show that the positive braid knots for which the topological four-genus equals the ordinary Seifert genus are exactly the positive braid knots with maximal signature invariant.
Prevalence and spatial analysis of antileptospiral agglutinins in dairy cattle - Microregion of Sete Lagoas, Minas Gerais, 2009/2010

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the seroprevalence of leptospirosis in the dairy herds from Minas Gerais, Brazil, during the years 2009 and 2010. A total of 2,915 serum samples were collected from the lactating cows of 151 properties in eleven municipalities located in the Sete Lagoas region. The Microscopic Agglutination Test was used to detect antileptospiral agglutinins. An individual animal prevalence of 20.7% (95% CI = 17.1% - 24.3%) and a herd prevalence of 80.8% (95% CI = 73.8% = 87.7%) were determined. The most prevalent serovars were hardjoprajitno at 19.4%; hardjoprajitnostrain Norma at 17.4%; and hardjo-bovis at 17.4%. These results show the significance of the hardjo serovar in bovine leptospirosis cases in Minas Gerais.
Abstract 4139327: Life-Saving Synchrony: Treating Leadless Pacemaker-Induced Cardiogenic Shock with Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Leadless pacemakers (LPMs) represent a significant advancement in cardiac pacing technology, offering several advantages over traditional transvenous systems. However, they are not without complications such as leadless pacemaker-induced cardiomyopathy (LPM-CMP). We present a case of cardiogenic shock from LPM-CMP requiring cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) as a rescue strategy. A 77-year-old female with a history of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, coronary artery disease status post recent percutaneous coronary intervention to the proximal-to-mid left anterior descending artery, complete heart block status post LPM implantation, and chronic kidney disease stage 3b, presented to the emergency department after a syncopal event. Initial vital signs were blood pressure 96/64 mmHg and heart rate 62 bpm, while LPM interrogation showed 100% right ventricular pacing burden. Physical exam revealed congestion with jugular venous distension and 2+ pitting bilateral lower extremity edema. Initial labs (BNP 4792 pg/mL, hs-troponin 202 ng/L, lactate 5.5 mmol/L, AST/ALT 68/30 U/L, and creatinine 3.3 mg/dL (baseline 1.5 mg/dL)) were consistent with SCAI Stage B cardiogenic shock. She was transferred to the cardiovascular intensive care unit for inotropic and vasopressor support. By hospital day 10, she was on 10 mcg/kg/min of dobutamine, 3 mcg/min of epinephrine, and 14 mcg/min of norepinephrine. Despite this and extensive diuresis, she continued to deteriorate. After ruling out acute coronary syndrome, LPM-CMP was suspected as the etiology, and CRT-D was implanted on day 14. Echocardiography-assessed stroke volume correspondingly improved from 25 mL on pressors to 30 mL after CRT-D and off pressors. She was subsequently optimized on heart failure guideline-directed medical therapy, and discharged home on day 19. LPM-CMP is a rare but potentially serious complication of LPM implantation. Early recognition and appropriate management are essential for optimizing patient outcomes. In this case, CRT-D implantation proved to be a successful intervention, resulting in significant clinical improvement and symptom resolution. This underscores the importance of individualized patient management and the role of advanced device therapies in the treatment of LPM-induced complications. Further research is needed to better understand the risk factors, pathophysiology, and optimal management strategies for LPM-CMP, especially as a rescue strategy in cardiogenic shock.
ChemInform Abstract: [2 + 2] Cycloadditions of Benzofuran‐3(2H)‐one Enamines with Dimethyl Acetylenedicarboxylate.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Female Aggression in Albino ICR Mice: Development, Social Experience, and the Effects of Selective Breeding

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Social experience has been shown to mask or eliminate heritable effects on aggressive behavior in male mice. This work assesses the impact of social experience in females from lines of mice selectively bred for differential male aggressiveness. These results confirm the earlier report of cross-sex similarity in aggressive behavior after selection directed only at male behaviors ( Hood & Cairns, 1 988 ). Repeated test experience increased aggressive behavior of S6 females. In addition, a genetic-developmental interaction was found, with enhanced aggressiveness in mature vs. young high-aggressive line females. Repeated test experience in 4 daily trials with mature S15 females obscured the clear line differences in attack frequency obtained on the first trial. In particular, a few highly aggressive individuals emerged among the group-reared low-aggressive line females. Isolation housing did not alter female aggressiveness. These findings are discussed in regard to conceptions of genetic-experiential-developmental interactions, and the role of female social behavior in microevolutionary processes.
STHE SPECIFICS OF EDUCATIONAL WORK WITH THOSE SENTENCED TO FORCED LABOR, FOR WHOM PENITENTIARY PROBATION IS APPLIED (USING THE EXAMPLE OF THE CENTRAL FEDERAL DISTRICT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION)

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The article analyzes the data obtained from the territorial bodies of the Federal Penitentiary Service of the Central Federal District, which reflect the specifics of the organization and implementation of educational work with those sentenced to forced labor, for whom penitentiary probation is applied. The study is based on the fact that, in accordance with Federal Law No. 10-FZ of February 6, 2023 "On Probation in the Russian Federation", the implementation of the penitentiary probation mechanism for persons sentenced to imprisonment and forced labor, including the implementation of educational work with them, began on January 1, 2024. In this regard, there was a need to analyze the ongoing work with this category of persons in order to identify potential problems during its implementation, as well as to develop recommendations for improving this area of activity. In the course of the analysis the priority directions of educational work in separate subjects of the Russian Federation and in the Central Federal District as a whole were revealed, as well as the frequency of the conducted activities in comparison with the average indicators for all territorial bodies of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia. The most effective forms of educational work within the framework of penitentiary probation are identified. Examples of interaction between probation subjects and other interested bodies and organizations in the format of assistance to convicts sentenced to forced labor in re-socialization, social adaptation and social rehabilitation are considered. The authors point out the main problematic issues in the organization and implementation of educational work with prisoners sentenced to forced labor, identified in the course of the study, as well as possible ways to solve them. In addition, the article presents the experience of interaction of territorial bodies of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia of the Central Federal District with other subjects of probation on the organization and implementation of educational work with convicts. As a conclusion, a brief characteristic of educational work with prisoners sentenced to punishment in the form of forced labor, in respect of whom the penitentiary probation is applied, carried out by territorial bodies of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia of the Central Federal District of the Russian Federation is presented.
Effects of Organophosphate Biocides- A Mini Review

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Organophosphate compounds are widely used to control pests. They may not be termed as ideal agents due to the lack of the proper vector selectivity and also the fact that they do cause toxicity resulting into death of humans and domestic animals. The mechanism of action of the organophosphates relates to the inhibition of the anti acetylcholinesterase, which further results in the accumulation of Ach in the nerve terminals. The antidotes which are used to treat the organophosphorus poisoning includes oximes like pralidoxime, obidoxime etc. and also sometimes atropine is also used. Prevention to the continuous exposure of the people working in industry using these toxic agents should be soughed. These pesticides are rampantly used by the farmers without considering the long or short term effects. The alternatives to the pesticide treatments for saving of the crops should be explained to the farmers. The biological pesticides, rotation of the crop and poly cultivation techniques should be made farmer friendly.