jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Neumann boundary condition for the two-dimensional Lax–Wendroff scheme

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We study the stability of the two-dimensional Lax-Wendroff scheme with a\nstabilizer that approximates solutions to the transport equation. The problem\nis first analyzed in the whole space in order to show that the so-called energy\nmethod yields an optimal stability criterion for this finite difference scheme.\nWe then deal with the case of a half-space when the transport operator is\noutgoing. At the numerical level, we enforce the Neumann extrapolation boundary\ncondition and show that the corresponding scheme is stable. Eventually we\nanalyze the case of a quarter-space when the transport operator is outgoing\nwith respect to both sides. We then enforce the Neumann extrapolation boundary\ncondition on each side of the boundary and propose an extrapolation boundary\ncondition at the numerical corner in order to maintain stability for the whole\nnumerical scheme.\n
A historical analysis on the status of unilateral private placements in special education

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

With the passage of the Education for All Handicapped Children Act (EAHCA) in 1975, parents were provided the right to a hearing if they did not agree with the special educational services being provided to their child. However, it was not until the IDEA 1997 amendments that tuition reimbursement was specifically offered when a school district failed to provide a free and appropriate public education (FAPE) to a child with a disability. In current times, when parents disagree about the services provided to their child, they often do not wait for the due process procedure to resolve the issue. Instead, they withdraw their child from the public school and place them in a specialized private school. After unilaterally placing their child in the private school, parents are then able to seek tuition reimbursement and compensatory educational services from the public school system. As school districts attempt to provide special education students with a free and appropriate public education, they are forced to accomplish this within budgetary realities. Considering that individual cases of tuition reimbursement have cost districts over one million dollars, it is essential that school administrators are familiar with each aspect of unilateral private placements. In order to provide school administrators with a relevant legal history of unilateral private placements, a legal research methodology was employed for this study. The resulting review and analysis will provide public school educators with information on current trends, as well as potential new provisions during the next reauthorization of IDEA.
<title>Active approach to telescope design for the new generation of 2.0-m-class telescopes</title>

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

As the latest generation of large (8 - 10 meter) telescopes are taking their first observations of our expanding universe, a new age of 2.0 m class high performance telescopes is emerging to support them. Telescopes of this aperture can be used as part of an interferometric array to combine their science beams with that of a larger telescope, as with the W. M. Keck and VLT Outrigger Telescopes projects. These telescopes are also used for survey and target acquisition work.
How Public Officials Perceive Algorithmic Discretion: A Study of Status Quo Bias in Policing

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

ABSTRACT Algorithms are disrupting established decision‐making practices in public administration. A key area of interest lies in algorithmic discretion or how public officials use algorithms to exercise discretion. The article develops a framework to explain algorithmic discretion by drawing on status quo bias theory and bureaucratic discretion. A study with police officers in the UK shows that—while officers still value their discretion—it is resistance via the aspects of status quo bias that accounts for a more substantial explanation. Transition costs, loss aversion, and performance uncertainty determine resistance and, in turn, reluctance to delegate discretion to algorithms. The study contributes to public administration research that demonstrates the influence of cognitive biases in the increasing use of algorithms in areas like policing. The article concludes with recommendations for embedding algorithmic discretion into the professional development of public officials to mitigate sources of status quo bias.
Poly-NAP as Ligand for the Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Ketones

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A new heterogeneous catalytic system is described incorporating the BINAP structure as coordinating agent. In the presence of chiral diamines as auxiliaries, this ligand is efficient for the ruthenium catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of acetophenone (e.e. 68%) and can be reused several times without loss of selectivity and activity. The best e.e. (96%) is obtained for the reduction of 1′-acetonaphthone.
Seepage effects on settling velocity

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In research relating to sedimentology, marine or relatable industrial processes, a particle’s terminal velocity has been a key variable to analyse when studying its settling behaviour. Terminal velocity, which is also known as the settling velocity, is defined as the constant velocity achieved when the forces acting on a free falling object reaches equilibrium. The settling velocity is studied to analyse the behaviour of particles during sedimentation, suspension and sediment transportation. However, very little or no study has concerned the settling velocity of particles in the presence of an upward seepage. An upward seepage, also known as an injection, travels in the opposite direction of gravity. Hence, the objective of this report is to investigate how an injection affects the settling velocity of a spherical particle. In this investigation, the Reynolds number and drag coefficient were selected as a focal study to determine how seepage affects the settling velocity of the particle. This experimental set-up was conducted in a 1.07 m tall cylinder with an inlet, outlet and a valve which controls the rate of injection. The particles used for this experimental study consisted of four spheres with different densities and textures. A camera with a video recording function, capable of capturing up to 50 frames per second, was utilised to record the motion of each free-falling particle in the cylinder. The videos were able to observe and obtain the particle’s instantaneous settling velocity 0.04s interval. The results obtained from this report may be useful for researchers who want to analyse the behaviour of sediment transportation, industrial processes involving particle settling and in other related engineering fields.
Reconstructing Distinction Pattern of Science Education Curriculum in Indonesian Islamic Universities: An Integrated Paradigm for Science and Religion

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This study aimed to evaluate the formulation of science education curriculum in Indonesian Islamic universities through an integrated paradigm of science and religion. This study used literature review method to form a knowledge metaphor. Because this integration pattern covered philosophical, methodological, material, and strategic levels, it could not be normatively measured. The integrated paradigm of science and religion should be implemented in an interdisciplinary integrated curriculum. Both science and religion should be concentrically distributed to distinction courses to well-formulate the integrated curriculum.
Synthesis, stereochemistry, and bonding of tetrapyridinemagnesium(II) bis(.pi.-cyclopentadienyltricarbonylmolybdate(I-)) and related compounds

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis, stereochemistry, and bonding of tetrapyridinemagnesium(II) bis(.pi.-cyclopentadienyltricarbonylmolybdate(I-)) and related compoundsS. W. Ulmer, P. M. Skarstad, J. M. Burlitch, and R. E. HughesCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1973, 95, 13, 4469–4471Publication Date (Print):June 27, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 27 June 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00794a080https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00794a080research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views92Altmetric-Citations65LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Wnt of Change: Determining the Effect of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway on the BBB during Ischemic/Re-oxygenation stress

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a selectively permeable barrier made up of tight junctions formed by endothelial cells that separates the circulating blood from the brain extracellular fluid, which functions to keep xenobiotics from entering the brain. In the event of an ischemic stroke, the BBB becomes leaky causing excitotoxicity and edema. Further damage to the BBB occurs when the affected tissue is reperfused following either surgical or thrombolytic treatment to eliminate the clot. With little therapeutic options for post-stroke treatment, our lab has sought to target a pathway that may provide potential barrier protection following ischemia/reperfusion injury.\nFormation of the BBB occurs during embryonic development and requires the activation of various pathways for proper development. One pathway involved in barriergenesis is the canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway, which has been shown to up-regulate tight junctions. As barrier dysfunction is associated with ischemia/reperfusion injury, it has become an interest to study the Wnt/β-catenin pathway as a potential target to aid in tightening of the barrier following ischemic stroke. The purpose of our study was to determine the effect Wnt modulation plays on the human BBB during development and during ischemia/reperfusion injury. Brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) derived from male and female iPSCs were treated with Wnt modulators during differentiation and post-differentiation to determine the effect that the Wnt pathway plays on BBB development. Further, BMECs and the immortalized human brain endothelial cell line, HCMEC/D3, were cultured and placed in OGD conditions for 6hrs, followed by 18 hours of re-oxygenation. Next, BMECs were introduced to Wnt modulators during OGD6, followed by re-oxygenation in the absence of Wnt modulators. Finally, BMECs were subjected to OGD6 in the absence of Wnt modulators followed by re-oxygenation in the presence of Wnt modulators. These two different groups allowed us to determine if the Wnt pathway can serve as a potential target for alleviating BBB breakdown during ischemia/re-oxygenation stress. Transendothelial Electrical Resistance (TEER) and permeability were performed to assess changes in barrier integrity in each group. Further, MTT and ICC were performed to determine cell viability and tight junction expression, respectively. Our current observations show that activation of the Wnt pathway during re-oxygenation increases barrier function and therefore may be a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of ischemia/re-oxygenation injury.
Using eduPhone for Self-Service Healthcare in Developing Countries

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Rural development in developing countries draws much on the ability of people to be access quick services and a dvice on day-to-day issues and problems. The need for providing healthcare inf ormation to the rural people is of paramount important nowadays in order for them to improve their health status and understanding on the relevant iss ues. This paper reports on the effectiveness, usability, and feasibility of th e eduPhone, a system for delivering everyday situated learning such as healt hcare advice/service to people with lacking of access to such services thro ugh a field test with rural people in Bangladesh. The proposed eduPhone uses mobile telephony combined with an automated interactive voice respon se (IVR) system and hence draws on existing, available, and relatively cheap infrastructure. The improvement of users' learning and t-test analysis show the effectiveness of the eduPhone system. The interview and observation results show that the users' acceptance is 100%, as showed by the fact th at participants' find it expedient to understand the learning content and to use the eduPhone system that reflects the usability of the eduPhone system from end-users. Thus, the positive factors of effectiveness and usability ind icate the feasibility of the eduPhone system in rural area of the developing cou ntries.
Use of Double Myocutaneous Flap after Extended Resection of Locally Advanced Ulcerated Breast Carcinoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Summary: Locally advanced ulcerated breast neoplasm is a condition that frequently occurs in developing countries. Generally, it is centrally localized and submitted to neoadjuvant therapy; thereafter, upon disappearance of the ulceration, it is submitted to radical mastectomy. Presence of axillary infiltration and ulceration with incomplete response makes it necessary for the use of surgical flaps for skin closure. We report a case in which primary reconstructive surgical procedure and skin closure was necessary, where we used double myocutaneous flaps—the latissimus dorsi and VRAM (vertical rectus abdominis myocutaneous) flap. We discussed treatment of the ulcerated lesions, possible surgical solutions, and the conditions associated with the use of double flaps. For primary closure of extensive areas, double myocutaneous flaps can be used as a solution in cases where skin grafts or surgical microsurgical flaps are not able to serve as a surgical solution. Myocutaneous flaps are associated with lower rates of complication, allowing for rapid recovery without increasing the time necessary before the next adjuvant therapy.
Bipartite Dielectric Huygens' Metasurface for Anomalous Refraction

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Huygens' metasurfaces - fundamentally based on Schelkunoff's equivalence principle, Huygens' metasurfaces consist of a two-dimensional array of Huygens' sources formed by co-located orthogonal electric and magnetic dipoles. Such metasurfaces provide electric and magnetic responses to an incoming electromagnetic (EM) wave, leading to unidirectional scattering and 2$π$ phase coverage. We herein report a near-reflectionless coarsely discretized dielectric Huygens' metasurface that performs anomalous refraction, offering a low-loss platform for wave manipulation at high frequencies as compared to their lossy metallic analogue. The coarse discretization dramatically simplifies the design, resulting in a metasurface that is highly efficient, cost-effective, and robust. In this paper, the proposed metasurface comprises two meta-atoms per period and is hence named the bipartite dielectric Huygens' metasurface. Through full-wave simulations at 28 GHz, we show that the proposed metasurface can reroute an incident EM wave from $θ_i=15^{\circ}$ to $θ_t=-44.5^{\circ}$ with very high efficiency: 87% of the scattered power is anomalously transmitted to $θ_t$. Based on our observations, a coarsely discretized dielectric Huygens' metasurface platform can be efficacious to design meta-devices with multifaceted functionalities in different frequency regimes.
THE IMPACT OF THE CULTURE ON THE STRATEGIES OF THE COUNTY MEHEDINTI ORGANISATIONS

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The aim of the paper is to evaluate the influence of the strategies and culture on the social behaviour of County Mehedinti organizations. Starting from the reference literature on strategies management and culture, this article is an investigation of the impact that short/long term orientation has on the behaviour of the employees in organizations. Our research underpins quantitative and qualitative methodology based on the outcomes of the COMOR project
Influence of different kind of calcium enhancer on stability of high calcium milk

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper mainly studied the effects of different dosage and kind o f calcium enhancer and stabilizer on the high calcium milk stability.The result s indicated:the degree of ionization of CaCO3 is small relatively,so the influ ence of calcium ions on the stability of high calcium milk is not obvious.Incre asing the viscosity of emulsion can solve precipitation adding CaCO3 to emulsion s do,however,become rapidly flocculated in the presence of calcium salts to an d extent which is very sensitive to the ionic calcium concentration.At low conc entrations of Ca2+one might expect discrete sub-micelles of rather larger size than in calcium-free caseinate,but higher Ca2+concentrations would be expect ed to lead to very extensive sub-micellar growth and incipient casein precipita tion.We can chelate Ca2+to solve flocculation in high calcium milk.
Disability Bioethics, Ashley X, and Disability Justice For People with Cognitive Impairments

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This chapter examines the case of Ashley X, a child whose parents advocated for and achieved growth attenuation and other medical interventions that were not strictly medically necessary for the care of Ashley. Wieseler positions Ashley's case in a history of medical abuse of people who are diagnosed as having cognitive disabilities. She problematizes the medical interventions, noting that the goal to keep Ashley at the stage of development of a nine-year-old is motivated more by social challenges and biases of disability rather than any fact of Ashley's cognitive impairment.
ROENTGENOLOGICAL STUDY OF THE LOWER URINARY TRACT IN CHILDHOOD

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

By delayed cystography in 76 cases, voiding cystography in 19 cases and urethrocystography in 88 cases, the author made a morphological observation on the normal case and many urological diseases, especially enuresis.By delayed cystography, the vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) was minutely observed, and incidentally the cystogram was also examined.The rate of the occurrence of VUR is 11.9%, and it is very high in case of the infection of the urinary tract. VUR appears in three types: the immediate type, the continual type and the delayed type. There is no relation between VUR and residual urine, cystoscopic and cystometric findings. As compared with intravenous pyelogram, the rate of functional decrease of the upper urinary tract is 1/3 on the side showing VUR.By the continuous observation of cystograms in the course of time, which shows the process of physiological filling of the urinary bladder, the situation of the bladder floor is constant, and the cystogram, which is semilunar and semicircular when the bladder is empty, is most remarkably dilated to the vertical direction, and as a whole it is radiately dilated. The ratio of vertical and horizontal dilation is within 1.2-1.5 for an hour, and as long as the patient doesn't feel a desire to void, the maximum of vertical diameter is not longer than that of horizontal one. The more the age advances, the more the situation of the whole cystogram descends.Both the funnel projection of the bladder neck which was observed by delayed cystography and the dilation of the bladder neck and the internal orifice by voiding cystography are the characteristic findings in case of enuresis.As a result of the observation which was made from the view point of the aging in measuring many urethral portions of the male infants and children by urethrocystography, the prostatic urethra does not grow so remarkably in childhood, but rapidly develops since puberty. And yet the other portions grow nearly in proportion to the development of total constitution.The supracollicular portion is classified into four types by urethrocystography, and among them the dilated type was often found in enuresis.By measuring radiation dose (to the gonads and the skin) by each roentgenography, it was approved to be very effective to protect the gonads of the patient by the use of the lead plate 1mm thick.
Design and development of a befriending program integrated management and matching system

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

For over eight years, Singapore Prison Service (SPS) has maintained the Befriending Program, which has continuously become one of the mainstay solutions that aims for a low and stable recidivism rate. It engages involvement from individual or welfare organization volunteers to provide pro-social support for inmates up to 10 months before release (in-care) and six months after release (after-care). Over the years, the Befriending Program has grown and gathered a lot of positive attention. The number of active volunteers octupled within the first five years of the program. Meanwhile, the inmate to institutional staff ratio decreased from 7.5 in 2006 to six in 2016[1]. Considering the current growth rate and the limited number of SPS staff in charge of the program, a simple and traditional database system using Excel sheet is inadequate to maintain the program. Hence, a scalable, reliable, and user-friendly Integrated Matching and Management System (iMatch) is needed. In this project, a web-based application will be designed, developed and implemented based on the Befriending Program needs. Microsoft ASP.NET Core 2.0, Microsoft Entity Framework v2.1, and AngularJS v5.2 technologies were used to deal with application’s Back-End logic, Object Relational Mapper (ORM), and Front-End Framework respectively. The aim of this project was to reduce manual administrative work by collating relevant data from inmates and befrienders, such as gender, race, religion, age, and using the data to automate the pairing process. Within the in-care period, the system should be able to manage visitation schedule, and record interaction summary on each visitation. Insights from statistics generated by the system may help the program manager to evaluate the success of the program. Upon implementation, iMatch is expected to enhance the administrative process and allow SPS staff to focus on other areas that can be improved in inmate’s rehabilitation and reintegration program. Furthermore, an alternative and better matching algorithm was proposed and explained briefly. Substituting the current matching approach may require further studies and research. Nevertheless, this could be a good step to explore.