jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Recovery of Deoxyribonucleic Acid from the Effects of Alkylation

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

SUMMARY: The transforming activity for an indole locus of DNA extracted from a methionine-requiring strain of Bacillus subtilis was decreased about tenfold per unit of DNA by treatment of organisms with 0·025 m-methylmethane-sulphonate for 30 min. at 37°. The treatment decreased the viable count to one tenth of the original and induced a reversion frequency of 10-5. Transforming activity of DNA prepared from alkylated organisms was sensitive, to heating at 50° as compared to DNA extracted from non-alkylated organisms. Methylation and heating of DNA in vitro did not inhibit its uptake by competent organisms. Incubation of treated and non-treated organisms in amino acid supplemented medium led to an increase in extractable transforming activity. A period of incubation which led to a 34% increase in DNA content more than doubled the transforming activity obtainable from methyl methanesulphonate treated organisms. The heat sensitivity of transforming DNA from alkylated organisms decreased after incubation of the organisms. Synthesis of DNA in the absence of a net DNA increase was demonstrated in methyl methanesulphonate treated organisms since thymidine-2-14C was incorporated without lag from the start of incubation into an alkali-stable hot acid-soluble form. The experiments are interpreted to mean that alkylated DNA can serve as a template for the replication of DNA of normal activity.
The Treatment of Migraine with Variable Frequency Photo‐Stimulation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

SYNOPSIS Variable Frequency Photo‐stimulation (VFP) goggles are a form of portable stroboscope, using red Light Emitting Diodes to alternately illuminate the right and left eyes, with the eyelids closed, at a rate of 0.5 to 50Hz. VFP goggles were used in the treatment of 7 patients with migraine headache. Of 50 migraine headaches recorded, 49 were rated by the patient as being helped and 36 as being stopped by using the VFP goggles. Treatment reduced the median duration of headache in all patients. The interval between migraine headaches appeared to be increased in the two cases with a follow up of more than 18 months. We conclude in this preliminary study that VFP appears to be effective in the treatment of migraine.
The Auger Spectra from Alloys Effect of Partial Long‐Range Order

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The intraatomic core—valence—valence Auger spectra from partially ordered alloys characterized by the long‐range order parameter S are investigated. The combined effect of disorder and electron correlations is studied for the case of a filled valence band using the coherent potential approximation to treat disorder and the local ladder approximation for the two‐particle Green function that determines the Augerspectrum. The theory is illustrated numerically on a simplified model of analloy.
Fine-Tuning of Boron Complexes with Cage-Shaped Ligand Geometry:  Rational Design of Triphenolic Ligand as a Template for Structure Control

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Boron complexes surrounded with organic cages were controlled precisely by a remote atom placed at the bottom of the cage. A replacement of the bottom tether atom (carbon or silicon) changed the characteristics (kinetic and thermodynamic factors) of boron complexes by geometric effects. A theoretical study shows that the bottom atoms also control eigenvalues of MO. This cage complex will provide a systematic template for fine-tuning of metal complexes to create various properties.
Recovery Guides

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract This chapter argues that continued use of inherited models of case management limits the progress that otherwise could be made in actualizing this shift from a deficit- and institution-based framework to a recovery and community integration paradigm. This paradigm calls for new models of community-based practice that move beyond the management of cases and beyond merely semantic changes that introduce new terms for old practices. One such model that appears to be emerging in the field is that of tour guide, community guide, or, “recovery guide.” Prior to introducing this model, the chapter first reviews existing models of case management that have underlain the last 40 years of community-based practice. It then outlines the principles of care that ground a recovery-oriented alternative; describes the key components of the recovery guide model; and considers some of the broader implications of this model for community-based practice.
Evaluation of Serum Leptin Level as Early Marker in Early Onset Neonatal Sepsis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Despite improved neonatal care over the past decades, sepsis remains a common and life-threatening condition among neonates admitted to NICU.Human leptin plays a role in the activation of the immune system and act as a mediator of inflammation.Leptin deficiency is associated with increasing frequency of infections and it is also involved in the mediation of the systemic response to sepsis.Objective: The present study was designed to evaluate the level of serum leptin in cases of early onset neonatal sepsis and its importance in early diagnosis.Methodology: This case control study included 50 full term newborns #3 days suspected clinically as having EOS (cases group) and another 30 apparently healthy, age and sex matched neonates as control group.They were recruited from NICU of Al Azhar University Hospital (New Damietta) during the period from May, 2013-June, 2015.All cases with suspected neonatal sepsis according to clinical sepsis score were submitted to laboratory investigations including Complete Blood Count (CBC) that including red blood Cell counts (RBCs), hemoglobin (Hb) Total Leukocyte Count (TLC), Absolute Neutrophils Count (ANC), immature/total count ratio (I/T), C-Reactive Protein (CRP), blood culture (for cases) and serum leptin level by ELIZA.Results: Regarding demographic data, there was non-significant difference between cases and control as regard age, sex, gestational age, birth weight and delivery mode.As regard laboratory data, there was non-significant difference between cases and control as regard RBCs (p = 0.097), Hb (p = 0.1) and platelet count (p = 0.396), while cases had significant increase of TLC, ANC, I/T ratio, CRP and leptin levels (p<0.001).There was a significant positive correlation between leptin from one side and both CRP and ANC from the other side.As regard ability of serum leptin levels to predict neonatal sepsis it had a good sensitivity as denoted by the area under curve (0.89), the best cut-off value was selected to be 2.5 ng dLG 1 (according to simultaneous best sensitivity and specificity).At this cut-off value, sensitivity was 98% and specificity was 74%.Conclusion: Study revealed that serum leptin level was elevated early in cases of EOS and it seems that it may have a role in its early diagnosis at cut-off point 2.5 ng dLG 1 with sensitivity 98% and specificity 74%.Recommend measurement of serum leptin level early on suspicion of EOS which may aid in confirming the diagnosis.However, large, prospective multi-centre studies should be done to confirm the association between early high serum leptin level and EOS.
Genetic studies of H group plasmids by bacteriophage P1 transduction

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Bacteriophage P1 transduction was used to study the incompatibility group H1 plasmid pRG1251, molecular weight 120 × 10 6 , and the incompatibility group H2 plasmid pSD114, molecular weight 166 × 10 6 . The order of resistance (R) determinants on pSD114 was deduced from transduction and segregation experiments to be chloramphenicol-tetracycline-kanamycin-streptomycin. Resistance to tellurium and to coliphages, which are properties also encoded by many H2 plasmids, were not transduced with the other markers. On pRG1251, the ampicillin and tetracycline resistance markers appear to be located together, as do the chloramphenicol, streptomycin, and sulfamethoxazole resistance markers. Frequently, blocks of R determinants were transposed to the P1 genome or to the Escherichia coli chromosome. P1 DNA was isolated which carried the chloramphenicol, streptomycin, and sulfamethoxazole markers from pRG1251 and had a molecular weight of 64 × 10 6 . Other P1 prophages carried R determinants from pSD114 and had molecular weights of 86 × 10 6 . A plasmid of molecular weight 124 × 10 6 was also isolated which contained incompatibility determinants from P1 (incompatibility group Y) and from the H2 group plasmid. The mechanism of formation of these unusual plasmid species is discussed.
Till Mortgage Do Us Part: Mortgage Switching Costs and Household’s Bank Switching

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

We investigate the role of mortgage switching costs in shaping the households’ decision to change their main bank. To this end, we use a unique panel dataset that enables us to infer household's bank switching, in conjunction with a legal reform that exogenously slashed down the mortgage switching costs. The empirical evidence, which survives to a variety of robustness checks, supports the hypothesis that the explicit switching costs in the retail banking market are a weighty factor in shaping households’ bank switching, despite any potential “informational lock-in”. Dissecting the results, we show that the effects of the reform were not uniform across households. The more educated households, those with a longer or broader relationship with their previous bank and those residing in ex-ante less competitive banking markets were at the forefront of the wave of bank switching.
Undercorrection of planovalgus deformity after calcaneal lengthening in patients with cerebral palsy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Calcaneal lengthening (CL) is one of the treatment options for planovalgus deformity in patients with cerebral palsy (CP). However, its indication still needs to be clarified according to the functional status of CP. The aim of this study was to investigate the radiographic outcome after CL in patients with CP and to evaluate the risk factors causing undercorrection of planovalgus deformities. We included consecutive patients with CP who underwent CL for planovalgus deformity, were followed for more than 2 years, and had preoperative and postoperative weight-bearing anteroposterior (AP) and lateral foot radiographs. Six radiographic indices were used to assess the radiographic outcome. The patient age, sex, and Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) level were evaluated as possible risk factors, and we controlled for the interaction of potentially confounding variables using multivariate analysis. A total of 44 (77 feet) patients were included in this study. The mean age of the patients at the time of surgery was 10.5±4.0 years and the mean follow-up was 5.1±2.2 years. Patients with GMFCS III/IV achieved less correction than those with GMFCS I/II in the AP talus-first metatarsal angle ( P =0.001), lateral talocalcaneal angle ( P =0.028), and the lateral talus-first metatarsal angle ( P <0.001). The rate of undercorrection in the GMFCS III/IV group was 1.6 times higher than that in the GMFCS I/II group in the AP talus-first metatarsal angle (odds ratios: 1.6; 95% confidence interval: 1.2–2.0; P <0.001) and 1.6 times higher in the lateral talus-first metatarsal angle (odds ratios: 1.6; 95% confidence interval: 1.3–1.9; P <0.001). In GMFCS I/II patients with CP, we found CL to be an effective procedure for the correction of planovalgus foot deformities. However, in GMFCS III/IV patients with planovalgus deformities, CL appears to be insufficient on the basis of the high rate of undercorrection in these patients. For patients with GMFCS level III/IV, additional or alternative procedures should be considered to correct the deformity and maintain the correction achieved. Level of evidence: Level III, therapeutic study.
<title>Mass-producible optical guided-wave devices fabricated by photopolymerization</title>

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Mass-producible optical waveguide devices and their fabrication method for integrated optics are described. Single-mode polymer rib waveguides and grating couplers in planar polymer waveguides which are a key component for organic integrated optical devices have been successfully developed by using photopolymerization (2P) method. The method is based on an electron-beam lithography technique for writing original patterns and a replicating technique using a molding stamper.
The Silk Road and Its Secrets: Is There Really a “Secret Sauce” in Trading?

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Think of the Silk Road for a moment. When I do this, several images seem to project themselves inside my mind. I see rich Romans clothed in Chinese silk, the colors bright and slightly intoxicating. I visualize large caravans of traders and their camels traversing central Asia, laden with luxurious goods destined for the West. However, other than these intensely clichéd images, before writing this book there was little else I could tell you about the Silk Road. I suspect that you, the reader, will probably be endowed with more knowledge.
Development of Career Path Planning and Learning Motivation in Vocational School Students

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Islamic boarding schools are a form of education that combines formal education with religious education. Apart from being included in the religious education curriculum, extra activities are also provided, this can be done because students live or live in a dormitory in the same area. With busy activities, students often experience boredom, which students at the Darut Taqwa Dlanggu Mojokerto Islamic Boarding School also experience. The result of the boredom experienced is a decrease in students' learning motivation; some students even choose to run away from the boarding school. Apart from the problem of decreasing motivation to learn, another problem faced is the lack of extensive exploration by students regarding career planning after completing their education at the boarding school. After graduating, some of them continued their studies, with their chosen majors being religion and education, while others chose to work and get married. This service activity aims to increase learning motivation and provide career planning to Darut Taqwa Islamic Boarding School students; the activity is carried out in the form of mentoring, where students are given an understanding of motivation and career planning. A follow-up step to this activity was a Forum Group Discussion (FGD) as a forum for sharing and discussion to help resolve problems related to students' career paths. This is intended to help map goals and get to know the various career options and college majors that can be taken after graduating from Islamic boarding school
Simulation docking of an anti-bacterial in &#x03B2;-cyclodextrin

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

In this work we studied the inclusion complexation of 4 N-Sulfamoyloxazolidinone derivatives in β-Cyclodextrin with 1:1 stoichiometry by molecular modeling, using semi-empirical PM3 method, quantum hybrid ONIOM/2 method and NBO analysis. The energy values found showed that the inclusion complex stability depend of substitution in the phenyl moiety of guest and the docking orientation. the quantum hybrid ONIOM/2 method was used to confirm the most favorable inclusion complex structure. We have demonstrate the type of interaction between host and guests.
The Left Ventricular Ostium

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

4][5][6][7] This review describes the anatomic features of the LV ostium and the electrocardiographic, electrophysiological, and angiographic characteristics that are relevant to the mapping and ablation of these arrhythmias. Anatomy of the LV OstiumThe dominant central structure of the heart is the junction of the aorta with the LV.Fundamental for understanding idiopathic VAs arising near the aortic and mitral valves are 2 concepts: first, these arrhythmias arise from the LV ostium (Figure 1); and second, the LV ostium is covered by the aorto-ventricular membrane, a tough fibrous structure which is perforated by the aorta anteriorly and the mitral valve (MV) posteriorly (Figure 2).The anatomic concept of the LV ostium and its covering, the aorto-ventricular membrane, are based on the pioneering work of McAlpine. 2
Towards operational permafrost monitoring in Norway using data fusion of multi-sensor data

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

In the course of the 21st century, thawing of permafrost is expected to occur in large areas as a consequence of climate change, which could trigger a number of climatic feedback mechnisms on the local to global scale. As the vast and remote permafrost areas cannot be sufficiently covered by ground-based monitoring of soil temperatures in boreholes alone, it is desirable to exploit the wealth of multi-sensor-multi-source data to assess the thermal ground conditions on large scales. Soil temperatures can be modeled using Fourier’s law of heat conduction, so that the key challenge is to supply accurate time series of three key input variables at suitable spatial and temporal resolutions: 1. land surface temperature, 2. snow water equivalent, and 3. soil and snow thermal properties. In Norway, permafrost conditions range from mountain permafrost over organic-rich wetlands to high-arctic permafrost in Svalbard. Furthermore, the availability of gridded data sets from various sources makes it an well-suited test region to evaluate the performance of soil thermal models run with different input data, which facilitates comparing and benchmarking requirements on data quality. Surface temperatures are available from MODIS LST (1km resolution), interpolations from weather stations (1km resolution) and atmospheric modeling, e.g. reanalysis products (much coarser resolution). When computing weekly to monthly averages as needed for permafrost applications, all tested data sets display shortcomings. The overrepresentations of clear-sky conditions in MODIS LST can lead to a significant negative bias of wintertime snow surface temperatures, as demonstrated for a site on Svalbard. Interpolations from weather stations are problematic in mountain settings during stable atmospheric stratification conditions, with maximum biases found at mountain tops underlain by permafrost. We discuss data fusion approaches to achieve both quality assessment and improvement, with the goal to compile the best possible 50-year data set for permafrost applications. The snow water equilvalent is available from passive microwave remote sensing (25 km), interpolations from weather stations (1km resolution) and atmospheric modeling (much coarser resolution). None of these data sets can account for the considerable snow redistribution by wind on small scales. As a result, the snow depth is generally overestimated in permafrost mountain settings, which results in a warm-bias of modeled soil temperatures. Snow redistribution models based on the output of atmospheric modeling can provide probability density functions of snow depth, which allow a probabilistic assessment of permafrost conditions in larger grid cells. Finally, we highlight the importance of improved data sets on landcover and soil thermal properties, which currently constitute a major source of uncertainty for thermal permafrost modeling.
Maximum Likelihood Estimation for a Markov-Modulated Jump-Diffusion Model

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We propose a method for obtaining maximum likelihood estimates (MLEs) of a Markov-Modulated Jump-Diffusion Model (MMJDM) when the data is a discrete time sample of the diffusion process, the jumps follow a Laplace distribution, and the parameters of the diffusion are controlled by a Markov Jump Process (MJP). The data can be viewed as incomplete observation of a model with a tractable likelihood function. Therefore we use the EM-algorithm to obtain MLEs of the parameters. We validate our method with simulated data. The motivation for obtaining estimates of this model is that stock prices have distinct drift and volatility at distinct periods of time. The assumption is that these phases are modulated by macroeconomic environments whose changes are given by discontinuities or jumps in prices. This model improves on the stock prices representation of classical models such as the model of Black and Scholes or Merton's Jump-Diffusion Model (JDM). We fit the model to the stock prices of Amazon and Netflix during a 15-years period and use our method to estimate the MLEs.
Taxonomy of Moraxellaceae fam. nov., a New Bacterial Family To Accommodate the Genera Moraxella, Acinetobacter, and Psychrobacter and Related Organisms

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

DNA-rRNA hybridization results showed that members of the genus Moraxella, members of the genus Psychrobacter and their relatives, members of the genus Acinetobacter, the false neisseriae, and two misnamed Alysiella strains constitute a separate genotypic cluster. A new family, Moraxellaceae, is proposed to accommodate these organisms. The genus Moraxella is the type genus. Within the Moraxellaceae two main groups can be distinguished. One group includes the Acinetobacter species. The other group can be subdivided in four subgroups consisting of (i) the authentic moraxellae (Moraxella lacunata, Moraxella nonliquefaciens, Moraxella bovis, Moraxella catarrhalis, Moraxella caviae, Moraxella ovis, Moraxella cuniculi, and two misnamed Alysiella strains), (ii) the generically misnamed taxon Moraxella osloensis, (iii) the generically misnamed taxon Moraxella atlantae, and (iv) the generically misnamed taxon Moraxella phenylpyruvica, Psychrobacter immobilis, and allied organisms. The Moraxellaceae cluster belongs to the class Proteobacteria and is a member of superfamily II, which includes the authentic pseudomonads and related organisms. It is not related to the family Neisseriaceae.
Cholecystectomy:A Safe and Effectiveway to ManageCBD Stonesand Complications

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The efficacy ofERCP in detecting and treating post-laparoscopic cholecystectomy problemswas examined in a series ofconsecutive patientsundergoingdirected examination ofthe biliary tree overa two-year period. Three major diagnostic groups were identified: leaks and bile duct injuries (n 9), retainedcommon bile duct stones (n 18), and post-cholecystectomy pain (n 13). These diagnostic groups differed in degree ofabnormal bilirubin (p .004) and time between surgery and ERCP (p .0005). Diagnosis ofa post-operative complication was successful in92% ofattempted cases. Therapywas successful in92% ofattempted cases. Three patients developed mild pancreatitis as a result ofERCP. This series underscores the efficacy ofa multi-disciplinary approach to problems which occur after laparoscopiccholecystectomy.