jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
On highly oscillatory problems arising in electronic engineering

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

\n \nIn this paper, we consider linear ordinary differential equations originating in\n electronic engineering, which exhibit exceedingly rapid\n oscillation. Moreover, the oscillation model is completely different\n from the familiar framework of asymptotic analysis of highly\n oscillatory integrals. Using a Bessel-function identity, we expand the oscillator into\n asymptotic series, and this allows us to extend Filon-type approach\n to this setting. The outcome is a time-stepping method that guarantees\n high accuracy regardless of the rate of oscillation.\n\n
Analysis of Proximate, Mineral and Toxicant Compositions of Eggs of Quail and Chicken Given Aflatoxin Contaminated Feed

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Background and Objectives: Eggs are consumed globally and constitute an important part of manʼs diet.High nutrient content, low caloric value and easy digestion make them valuable in many therapeutic diets.This study was designed to analyze the proximate, mineral and toxicant compositions of eggs of quail and chicken given aflatoxin contaminated feeds.Materials and Methods: Sixteen mature birds were randomly divided into 4 groups (1-4) of 4 birds each.Group 1 consisted of 2 broilers and 2 layers given uncontaminated feed.Group 2 consisted of 2 male and 2 female quails given uncontaminated feed.Group 3 consisted of 2 broilers and 2 layers given aflatoxin contaminated feed.Group 4 consisted of 2 male and 2 female quails given aflatoxin contaminated feed.Birds were fed for 12 weeks and 30 eggs from each group were weighed and analyzed.Results: It was observed that tannin, hydrogen cyanide, oxalate, phytate, fat and cholesterol levels were higher in chicken egg; while in quail egg iron, sodium, phosphorus, zinc and protein levels were higher.Eggs of quail given aflatoxin contaminated feed recorded elevated fat and cholesterol levels.Aflatoxin also reduced egg weight significantly (p<0.05).Conclusion: Findings of this study suggest that quail eggs are more nutritious than chicken eggs and aflatoxin is capable of reducing the quality of both egg types.Therefore, birds should be given aflatoxin-free feed.
Earth pressure distribution in a braced excavation

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Apparent Pressure Diagram (APD) was used in many strutting system designs in the past. It provides good conservative estimate of pressure but not for economical designs. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) software packages are commonly used nowadays to produce more accurate result. In this parametric study, excavation in soft clay overlaying medium clay was simulated in staged construction using FEA software, Plaxis 2D, under plane strain analysis. Mohr-Coulomb with linearly elastic-perfectly plastic material model was used with 3 types of undrained shear strength increasing with depth. Three sheet pile walls and diaphragm walls were also used as parameter. Result of this study found factor of safety to be minimum 3.25 and maximum 3.75 for all cases studied. Compared with FEA, APD overestimates strut force by 2.2 times for the case with least strut force and 2.0 times for the most strut force. Reduction in soil-wall interface strength leads to higher strut loads, deflection and bending moment. Prestressing strut results in even more strut loads, which lowers factor of safety against APD to approximately 1.46.
Supplemental Material—Effectiveness and safety of the direct oral anticoagulant in acute distal deep vein thrombosis: From the prospective multicenter observational study, J’xactly, in Japan

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Supplemental Material for Effectiveness and safety of the direct oral anticoagulant in acute distal deep vein thrombosis: From the prospective multicenter observational study, J’xactly, in Japan by Makoto Mo, Ikuo Fukuda, Mashio Nakamura, Norikazu Yamada, Morimasa Takayama, Hideaki Maeda, Takeshi Yamashita, Takanori Ikeda, Tsutomu Yamazaki, Yasuo Okumura, Atsushi Hirayama, and on behalf of the J’xactly Investigators in Phlebology.
The momentum of models

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

There are opportunities for the application of chemical physics style thinking to models central to solid state physics. Solid state physics has largely been left to its own devices by the chemical physics theory community, which is a shame. I will show here that cross fertilization of ideas is real and beneficial to science. This essay is written with the hope of encouraging young theorists with a chemical physics background to enter this rich and promising area. There are many low hanging fruit available essentially because condensed matter physics traditions, models, and standards for progress are so much different than in chemical physics. By way of a warning label, right now neither community is supporting this endeavor. I am hoping this article will help, a little. I make the apology for using mainly (but not exclusively) my own narrow experience and contributions to illustrate this essay. I understand it is only a small piece of the pie, but I do believe the message here is larger: a chemical physics mindset is complementary to the condensed matter physics mindset, and they would work best together.
Legal Protection Paradigm For Child Victims Of Domestic Sexual Violence Crimes

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Victims as a party harmed by a crime are often neglected and do not even get attention, especially with the increasing attention to the coaching of inmates which is often interpreted as something unrelated to the fulfillment of the victim's interests, so it is not surprising that the attention to the victim is getting further away from the word protection. Protection of victims from a crime is very important to be considered and prioritized because the suffering of the victim due to a crime cannot be said to be completed or ended with the punishment of the perpetrator of the crime or the aftermath of the perpetrator of the crime serving the sentence given to him as a reward for the actions he committed. The main discussion in this study is about the paradigm of legal protection against children victims of domestic sexual violence crimes. The use of normative legal research in this study is done by examining library research that uses secondary data sources, both in the form of primary legal materials and secondary legal materials as well as tertiary legal materials. And this research is prescriptive analysis, which means that this study not only illustrates by analyzing a condition or symptom, both on the plains of positive and empirical law but also this research provides the proper arrangements and solves legal problems. The collected data is qualitatively analyzed in the form of systematic descriptions by explaining the relationship between the types of data and then analyzed descriptively so that conclusions can be drawn in this study. This study, produced a conclusion that the paradigm of protection of children victims of domestic violence amendments is still focused on technical efforts, such as how to find more assertive methods of sentencing to produce deterrent effects on perpetrators of crimes or prevent people from committing crimes, improving supporting facilities and infrastructure, increasing operational budgets. As a result, the focus of attention on victims of crime is often ignored while also the legal protection for children who are victims of domestic sexual violence is still partial and indirectly so that the benefits of legal protection cannot be felt by the child in a laboratory.
Semen Analysis and in vitro Fertilization

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Thirty-seven patients underwent ultrasonographic, clinical, and hormonal monitoring of superovulated cycles in order to time HCG administration in an attempt to schedule the laparoscopy at the optimal time for oocyte recovery. Superovulation was induced by Clomiphene in patients under the age of 35, with both ovaries; Clomiphene and HMG were administered in women over age 35 and/or with only one or half an ovary. Twelve patients were excluded because of poor oestradiol values or LH rise prior to HCG administration. Four patients were excluded at laparoscopy because of inadequate ovarian access (a preliminary laparoscopy was not performed). In 21 patients follicular aspiration was performed: 33 mature, 15 immature, and 5 degenerated oocytes were obtained (1.5 mature oocyte per patient). Thirty eggs were fertilized on a total number of 48 eggs (mature and immature)-fertilization rate of 63%. Twenty-nine embryos cleaved and were transferred to 13 patients at the 4- to 8-cell stage.
Hexylammonium Iodide Derived Two-Dimensional Perovskite as Interfacial Passivation Layer in Efficient Two-Dimensional/Three-Dimensional Perovskite Solar Cells

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Defects locating within grain boundaries or on the film surface, especially organic cation vacancies and iodine vacancies, make the fabrication of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with superior performance a challenge. Organic ammonium iodide is a promising candidate and has been frequently used to passivate these defects by forming two-dimensional (2D) perovskite. In this work, it is found that the chain length of organic ammonium iodide is a crucial factor on the defect passivation effect. Compared to butylammonium iodide, the hexylammonium iodide (HAI)-derived 2D perovskite is more efficient in decreasing interfacial defects, resulting in a notably enhanced photoluminescence lifetime and a more suppressed interfacial charge recombination process. As a consequence, the ultimate power conversion efficiency (PCE) has reached 20.62% (3D + HAI) as compared to 18.83% (3D). Moreover, the long-term durability of the corresponding PSCs against humidity and heat is simultaneously improved. This work once again demonstrates that the 2D/3D structure is promising for further improving the PCE and stability of PSCs.
Endothelin Stimulates Glucose Uptake via Activation of Endothelin-A Receptor in Neonatal Rat Cardiomyocytes

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Summary: Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is a 21 amino acid peptide that binds to G-protein-coupled receptors to evoke biological responses. Previously we have found that ET-1 stimulates glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. In this report, we extend the studies to neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. ET-1, but not angiotensin-II (A-II), stimulated glucose uptake in a dose-dependent manner with an EC50 value at ˜1 nM, and an approximately 2-fold stimulation at 100 nM. As a comparison, insulin stimulated glucose uptake in a dose-dependent manner with an EC50 value at 1 nM, and a 2.5-fold stimulation at 100 nM. Western blot analysis shows that ET-1 stimulated the translocation of insulin-responsive aminopeptidase (IRAP), an aminopeptidase in GLUT4 (glucose transporter)-containing vesicles, from the cytoplasm to the plasma membrane. The effect of ET-1 on glucose uptake was blocked by A-127722, an antagonist selective for the ETA-receptor. ET-1 treatment did not induce phosphorylation of insulin receptor-β (IRβ), insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) or Akt, but stimulated the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2). The effect of ET-1 on glucose uptake was not inhibited by inhibitors for protein kinase C (PKC), protein kinase A (PKA) and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (P13'-kinase). Our results show that ET-1 stimulates glucose uptake in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes via activation of the ETA-receptor.
Flip-Chip Mounted GaAs Power FET with Improved Performances in X to Ku Band

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A GaAs power field effect transistor with a new structure has been developed, in which source inductances and thermal resistance are remarkably reduced. In the structure, the chip with metal posts plated on the source, drain and gate pads is directly connected to the corresponding bonding area of a package by thermocompression bonding with no wire. Best results obtained are 2.5 W at 15 GHz, 4.1 W at 12 GHz and 6.0 W at 10 GHz. A power added efficiency as high as 27% is obtained in a 2400 µm device at 12 GHz.
A Study on Department Selection Determinants and Satisfaction of Radiology Majors

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Some radiology majors at three-year colleges in Daegu and Gyeongsangbuk-Do Province were selected for the research. The survey was conducted by explaining its objectives and distributing the self-administered questionnaires from March 7 to 30, 2011; then, the final analysis was carried out on 122 copies, drawing the following conclusions : 1) 31.1% of the radiology majors were motivated to enter their department by good employment after graduation, and 37.7% were getting information from their parents or relatives in selecting their major. 2) The majority of the respondents wanted to get a job in a big city after graduation on the basis of good pay. 3) Department selection was significantly affected by transportation, department and school image, and school facilities, and the effects were higher among females. 4) Department satisfaction was significantly affected by professor satisfaction, prospects for the department, and support for employment activities, and the effects were higher among females. 5) School satisfaction was significantly affected by satisfaction with school selection decision, good selection, and school environment, and the effects were higher among females. 6) Females were found to have higher professional consciousness as a radiologist, showing statistically significant differences: "the occupation as a radiologist will continue to be developed" at $3.97{\pm}.837$ for males and at $4.55{\pm}.663$ for females and "the occupation as a radiologist is stable and will be help get a life-long job" at $3.82{\pm}.9.08$ for males and at $4.41{\pm}.787$ for females.
The Value of MRI-Based Radiomics in Predicting the Pathological Nodal Status of Rectal Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: MRI-based radiomics has emerged as a promising approach to enhance the non-invasive, presurgical assessment of lymph node staging in rectal cancer (RC). However, its clinical implementation remains limited due to methodological variability in published studies. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to synthesize the diagnostic performance of MRI-based radiomics models for predicting pathological nodal status (pN) in RC. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus for studies published until 31 December 2024. Eligible studies applied MRI-based radiomics for pN prediction in RC patients. We excluded other imaging sources and models combining radiomics and other data (e.g., clinical). All models with available outcome metrics were included in data analysis. Data extraction and quality assessment (QUADAS-2) were performed independently by two reviewers. Random-effects meta-analyses including hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristic (HSROC) and restricted maximum likelihood estimator (REML) analyses were conducted to pool sensitivity, specificity, area under the curve (AUC), and diagnostic odds ratios (DORs). Sensitivity analyses and publication bias evaluation were also performed. Results: Sixteen studies (n = 3157 patients) were included. The HSROC showed pooled sensitivity, specificity, and AUC values of 0.68 (95% CI, 0.63–0.72), 0.73 (95% CI, 0.68–0.78), and 0.70 (95% CI, 0.65–0.75), respectively. The mean pooled AUC and DOR obtained by REML were 0.78 (95% CI, 0.75–0.80) and 6.03 (95% CI, 4.65–7.82). Funnel plot asymmetry and Egger’s test (p = 0.025) indicated potential publication bias. Conclusions: Overall, MRI-based radiomics models demonstrated moderate accuracy in predicting pN status in RC, with some studies reporting outstanding results. However, heterogeneity in relevant methodological approaches such as the source of MRI sequences or machine learning methods applied along with possible publication bias call for further standardization and preclude their translation to clinical practice.
Systemic amyloidosis with myopathy as the first manifestation: a case report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To elucidate the clinicopathological characteristic, differential diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of systemic amyloidosis. Methods An inpatient diagnosed as systemic amyloidosis was analyzed for clinical and pathological features as well as laboratory findings. The related literature was reviewed. Results The patient was confirmed to have amyloidosis of the muscle. Muscle involvement was the most prominent and first manifestation, and the patient had widespread visceral involvements, which included cardiovascular system, kidney, respiratory as well as gastrointestinal tracts and tongue. The biopsy of the muscle, mucosa of stomach and intestine, and cutaneous tissue revealed amyloid material deposited in the skeletal and smooth muscle as well as vessel walls. Conclusion Amyloid myopathy is a rare manifestation in systemic amyloidosis. Skeletal muscle weakness and stiffening may be an important clue to the diagnosis of systemic amyloidosis.
Mass Movement Phenomena: Rockslides and Avalanches . Part 1, Natural Phenomena. Barry Voight, Ed. Elsevier, New York, 1978. xviii, 834 pp., illus. $98. Developments in Geotechnical Engineering, 14A.

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

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Model system identification of novel congenital heart disease gene candidates: focus on RPL13

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Genetics is a significant factor contributing to congenital heart disease (CHD), but our understanding of the genetic players and networks involved in CHD pathogenesis is limited. Here, we searched for de novo copy number variations (CNVs) in a cohort of 167 CHD patients to identify DNA segments containing potential pathogenic genes. Our search focused on new candidate disease genes within 19 deleted de novo CNVs, which did not cover known CHD genes. For this study, we developed an integrated high-throughput phenotypical platform to probe for defects in cardiogenesis and cardiac output in human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived multipotent cardiac progenitor (MCPs) cells and, in parallel, in the Drosophila in vivo heart model. Notably, knockdown (KD) in MCPs of RPL13, a ribosomal gene and SON, an RNA splicing cofactor, reduced proliferation and differentiation of cardiomyocytes, while increasing fibroblasts. In the fly, heart-specific RpL13 KD, predominantly at embryonic stages, resulted in a striking ‘no heart’ phenotype. KD of Son and Pdss2, among others, caused structural and functional defects, including reduced or abolished contractility, respectively. In summary, using a combination of human genetics and cardiac model systems, we identified new genes as candidates for causing human CHD, with particular emphasis on ribosomal genes, such as RPL13. This powerful, novel approach of combining cardiac phenotyping in human MCPs and in the in vivo Drosophila heart at high throughput will allow for testing large numbers of CHD candidates, based on patient genomic data, and for building upon existing genetic networks involved in heart development and disease.
O4 Does the timing of record keeping, and use of formal debriefing, influence the record keeping around critical incidents in a simulated environment?

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background There are many obstacles to contemporaneous record keeping following time-critical clinical events, which may lead to a delay in documentation. We postulated that such delays may create time for reflection that could influence the accuracy of recorded notes. Objective To observe whether a delay in documenting in patient notes and/or an opportunity to debrief affects the accuracy of note recording. Methodology University of Sheffield ethical approval was obtained. Final year Student doctors volunteered to participate in controlled simulated acute patient care scenarios. Standardised scenarios (anaphylaxis, cardiac arrest and sepsis) were chosen as appropriate to the level of learning. All scenarios took place in a formal simulation suite, set up as a general Hospital ward. Participants were split into three groups; each which followed a different approach to note keeping. Group 1 received no debrief/time for reflection and were required to make notes immediately after the critical event. Group 2 were debriefed immediately but recorded notes the following day. Group 3 were debriefed and made notes immediately following the event. Note keeping was limited to 10 minutes, with access to simulated patient records, in quiet environment without interruption. Scenarios were videoed, and the documented notes were subsequently scored for accuracy against the recorded events. This allowed for rating of each student’s performance to address any counfounding that could occur from using different groups with potentially different skills. Results Note keeping accuracy rates for Groups 1, 2 and 3 were 0.57, 0.63 and 0.69 respectively. Conclusion There is increased accuracy in patient note recording when the medical professional has the opportunity to immediately debrief and write up notes.
Molecular Biomarkers in Stroke Diagnosis and Prognosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Serum biomarkers related to the cascade of inflammatory, hemostatic, glial and neuronal perturbations have been identifed to diagnose and characterize intracerebral hemorrhage and cerebral ischemia. Interpretation of most markers is confounded by their latent rise, blood-brain barrier effects, the heterogeneity of etiologies and the wide range of normal values, limiting their application for early diagnosis, lesion size estimation and long-term outcome prediction. Certain hemostatic and inflammatory constituents have been found to predict response to thrombolysis and worsening due to infarct progression and secondary hemorrhage, offering a potential role for improved treatment selection and individualization of therapy. Biomarkers will become increasingly relevant for developing targets for neuroprotective therapies, monitoring response to treatment and as surrogate end points for treatment trials.
Neurosarcoidosis, Could It Be? - Case Report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

While the clinical presentation of systemic sarcoidosis is well established, identification of isolated neurologic sarcoidosis remains a diagnostic challenge.Isolated neurologic sarcoidosis, or neurosarcoidosis, presents in a manner that is often indistinguishable from other neurological diseases.Common clinical features include headache, encephalopathy, gait disturbance, seizure, behavioral abnormalities, sleep difficulties, loss of appetite, cranial mononeuropathy (including visual, auditory, and vestibular dysfunction), myelopathy, radiculopathy, myopathy, and peripheral neuropathy.While probable diagnosis requires only evidence of inflammation on cerebrospinal fluid studies or magnetic resonance imaging, tissue biopsy with pathologic findings of noncaseating granulomas is required for definitive diagnosis.We present the case of a 54-year-old male with headache, episodic confusion, and gait disturbance attributed to probable neurologic sarcoidosis.