jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Unbiased Atomistic Predictions of Crystal Dislocation Dynamics using Bayesian Force Fields

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Crystal dislocation dynamics, especially at high temperatures, represents a subject where experimental phenomenological input is commonly required, and parameter-free predictions, starting from quantum methods, have been beyond reach. This is especially true for phenomena like stacking faults and dislocation cross-slip, which are computationally intractable with methods like density functional theory, as $\sim 10^5-10^6$ atoms are required to reliably simulate such systems. Hence, this work extends quantum-mechanical accuracy to mesoscopic molecular dynamics simulations and opens unprecedented possibilities in material design for extreme mechanical conditions with direct atomistic insight at the deformation mesoscale. To accomplish this, we construct a Bayesian machine-learned force field (MLFF) from ab initio quantum training data, enabling direct observations of high-temperature and high-stress dislocation dynamics in single-crystalline Cu with atomistic resolution. In doing so, a generalizable training protocol is developed for construction of MLFFs for dislocation kinetics, with wide-ranging applicability to other single element systems and alloys. The resulting FLARE MLFF provides excellent predictions of static bulk elastic properties, stacking fault widths and energies, dynamic evolutions and mobilities of edge and screw dislocations, as well as cross-slip energy barriers for screw dislocations, all of which are compared to available experimental measurements. This work marks the first reliable quantitative determination of dislocation mobilities and cross-slip barriers, demonstrating a substantial advancement over previous empirical and machine learned force field models.
FURANO COMPOUNDS. PART I. SYNTHESIS OF FUR0-3'- METHYL-5 :6 (4' :5')-COUMARIN AND FURO-3'-ETHYL-5 :6 (4' :5')-COUMARIN

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Ethyl 5-hydroxy-6-acetylcoumarin-3-carboxylate on condensation with ethyl bro­moacetate affords ethyl 3-carbethoxy-6-acetylcoumarin-5 -O- acetic ester. Which on subsequent hydrolysis and ring-closure affords furo-3'-methyl-5 :6 (4' :5')-conmarin-3-car­boxylic acid. The foregoing acid on decarboxylation affords furo-3'-methyl-5 :6 (4':5')- coumarin. Similarly furo-:3'-ethyl-5 : 6 (4' :5')-coumarin was synthesised starting from ethyl 5-hydroxy-6-propionylcoumarin-3-carboxylate.
Henry Thornton and the Development of Classical Monetary Economics

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Students of nineteenth-century economics have held Henry Thornton in high esteem since his 'rediscovery' by Jacob Viner and Friedrich Hayek in the 1920s. Thornton has been praised for the sophistication of his macroeconomic thinking a for the extent to which he developed ideas later associated with giants such as Knut Wicksell and J. M. Keynes. However, the consensus has been that he had little effect on the development of British classical monetary economics. I show that the consensus is wrong by demonstrating that Thornton affected the course of classical thinking in important ways, particularly through his influence on members of the Banking School. Thornton was not simply a precursor of modern thought but was one of the dominant figures of classical monetary economics.
Unusual Pathologic Findings in A Girl with Wolf-Hirschhorn Syndrome, Del (4p)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A newborn girl with Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome and 46, XX, del (4) (p15) de novo karyotype is described. Unusual pathologic and histologic findings were observed at autopsy in the cardiovascular, respiratory, alimentary, and urogenital systems. Of over 100 cases reported in the literature, only 18 include pathologic findings.
Do performance measurement models have any impact on primary health care? A systematic review

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Purpose The purpose of this article is to analyze and compare between the frameworks of performance measurement in primary health care in the world. The subject of search is to compare if the frameworks of performance measurement in primary health care have an influence on performances of health centers. Design/methodology/approach We conducted a systematic review of the literature to (1) identify the conceptual framework for measuring quality management systems, (2) assess the effects of conceptual framework on quality improvement and quality of care outcomes. We opted for the frameworks that are more cited in the literature and we analyzed and compared between these frameworks. Findings Eight dimensions were identified for assessing performance in Primary Health Care Facilities “PHCF” in more than 50% frameworks: Effectiveness, Safety, Accessibility, Equity, Efficiency, Acceptability, Patient Centeredness and Timeliness. Research limitations/implications The limits of this study can be represented by the following elements: (1) lack of exhaustiveness with regard to the current Frameworks. (2) The evaluation of reliability and validity of the qualitative studies remains difficult to appreciate. (3) Most of the evaluation tools of the primary health care are not validated yet. (4) The difference in performance levels between countries, especially for the developed countries and the multitude of the frames of measure of performance, limits the comparability of the results. Practical implications This study provides a conceptual and descriptive literature on the different conceptual frameworks for performance measurement in primary health care, and a practical and useful tool for comparison between the different conceptual frameworks. Several organisations of accreditation or certification introduced, developed, incorporated and checked the indicators of clinical quality in the organizations of health care. Some studies revealed links with the governance, the access, the continuity, the coordination, the efficiency and the strength primary care (Dionne Kringos, 2018). Improvements in the quality of care have been observed in the results of accreditation and certification bodies regarding hospital infection control infrastructure, organization and performance. Originality/value Even if the links are not established within the framework of a scientific research, quality approaches are generally recognized as an essential tool to help establishments to improve the quality and the safety of the patients. Until now, it is not still common to make evaluation of the quality of care in the “PHCF” to obtain the relevant information. The necessity of having performance measurement tools, which puts in coherence the piloting of the operational level with the strategy, to integrate the organizational objectives into the measures of operational performances and make estimate its structures towards a real management by the quality.
MC29 virus-coded protein occurs as monomers and dimers in transformed cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The MC29 virus-coded protein p110gag-myc was found exclusively in the nucleus of transformed Japanese quail (Q8) cells, and time course experiments indicated that the protein had a half-life of about 30 min. When extracts of either Q8 or chicken embryo cells infected with MC29 virus were prepared with nondenaturing detergents and then sedimented in sucrose gradients, p110 was found in the fractions expected to contain monomers (5.9S), dimers (9.3S), or mixtures of the two. The same extracts treated with denaturing detergent (0.2% sodium dodecyl sulfate) exhibited p110 only in fractions expected for the monomeric protein, but beta-mercaptoethanol had no effect on the original distribution. Gradients prepared with 0.5 or 1.0 M NaCl failed to dissociate the faster-sedimenting form. No other protein or polyribonucleotide which could increase the sedimentation rate of p110 was found, and neither RNase nor DNase altered the sedimentation pattern of p110 in nondenatured extracts. A reassociation of monomeric p110 into dimers discernible by gel electrophoresis was demonstrated.
Are New Zealand universities underperforming? An analysis of international enrolments in Australian and New Zealand universities

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

International education is widely recognised as providing a range of positive outcomes for students, universities, and both the source and destination countries. New Zealand politicians, however, see international education as a means of generating significant export earnings able to subsidise the local provision of university education. New Zealand universities have been criticised as underperforming in comparison to their Australian counterparts in attracting revenue from international students. This article explores the evidence of that observation by examining the patterns of enrolment by international students in New Zealand and Australian universities. The analysis identifies significant drivers of the international student enrolments in Australia and discusses potential strategic and policy implications for international education in New Zealand that respond to these drivers.
Supplementary Figure S7 from Addition of Losartan to FOLFIRINOX and Chemoradiation Reduces Immunosuppression-Associated Genes, Tregs, and FOXP3<sup>+</sup> Cancer Cells in Locally Advanced Pancreatic Cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<p>Immunofluorescence staining and quantitative analysis in PDAC lesions from losartan+FFX+CRT-treated patients.</p>
Seasoned equity offerings, quality signalling and private benefits of control.

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Seasoned equity offerings (SEOs) in the UK provide valuable choices to the issuer in terms of renounceability and control dilution. This is especially the case following the removal of the size restriction of £15 m on share placements to institutional investors in January 1996. We formulate a set of hypotheses from a quality-signalling perspective, affording an analysis of the key interrelations between renounceability, control dilution, shareholder takeup, and subscription price discount. We analyze SEOs from two perspectives: market reaction to the announcement, and identification of the factors driving the choice of issue type. Generally, we find strong support for our predictions—most notably that: high-quality firms signal quality via lower discounts and/or pre-renouncements; high-quality issuers have lower idiosyncratic risk; firms with widely dispersed ownership structures and firms with the largest market capitalizations will choose standalone placements with book-building; and firms with higher (lower) ownership concentration and lower (higher) shareholder takeup will choose fixed-price placements (rights offerings). JEL classification code: G14, G32
Assessment of Genetic Relationship among Some Iraqi Walnut Genotypes (Juglans regia L.) in Sulaimani Region Using RAPD and SSR Molecular Markers

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Juglans regia L. is cultivated for both nuts and timber in Hawraman region in Iraq. To clarify the genetic variability in walnuts grown in this region, twelve walnut genotypes of diverse origins were analyzed with 10 selected Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) markers. RAPD primers produced 85 bands, out of which 36 were polymorphic ranging from 2 to 7 with an average of 3.6 per primer. The genotypes shared 42.35% of polymorphic bands. In SSR analysis, nine primers gave 26 bands, out of which 23 were polymorphic ranging from 2 to 5 with an average of 2.3 per primer. SSR primers shared 88.16% of polymorphic bands. Genetic similarities were calculated and ranged from 0.4 to 0.93 for RAPD data and 0.27 to 1.00 for SSR data. Cluster analysis by RAPD and SSR markers revealed clear distinct diversity between genotypes. The dendrogram realized from the RAPD and SSR markers grouped the 12 genotypes into four major clusters. Wazi and Kirmashan1 were closely related for RAPD or SSR data. Twana and Awesar revealed the highest dissimilarity as compared with the others genotypes. Combination of RAPD and SSR data shared that Twana showed the highest dissimilarity comparing with all other genotypes. A wide range of genomic diversity was observed among all genotypes, making them candidates for selective breeding for specific traits and broadening the genetic base. Based on these results, RAPD and SSR analysis can be used for the characterization and grouping of walnut genotypes.
Association of CT-derived extracellular volume fraction combined with serological markers with histological grading of colorectal cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This study evaluates the association between computed tomography-derived extracellular volume fraction (CT-ECV), serological markers, and histological grading in colorectal cancer, and to assess their diagnostic value in predicting poorly differentiated tumors. This retrospective study included 200 patients with pathologically confirmed primary colorectal cancer from February 2021 to May 2024. All underwent dual-phase contrast-enhanced CT and serological testing before treatment. Based on World Health Organization classification, tumors were categorized as well-differentiated (G1, n = 97), moderately differentiated (G2, n = 57), or poorly differentiated (G3, n = 46). CT-ECV and arterial phase enhancement (ΔHU) were measured. Serological markers included carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9), carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125), and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR). Statistical methods included ANOVA, Spearman correlation, ordinal logistic regression, and receiver operating characteristic analysis. Among 200 patients (116 males, 84 females; mean age 62.7 ± 10.3 years), no significant age or sex differences were observed among differentiation groups. CT-ECV, ΔHU, and levels of CEA, CA19-9, CA125, NLR, and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio increased with poorer differentiation (all P < .001). Multivariate analysis showed CT-ECV (per 5% increase, OR = 1.86), ΔHU (per 10 HU, OR = 1.51), CEA, CA19-9, and NLR were independent predictors of poor differentiation. CT-ECV alone yielded an area under the curve of 0.82; CT-ECV + NLR reached 0.87; and the full model (CT-ECV + CEA + CA19-9 + NLR) achieved an area under the curve of 0.91. CT-ECV correlated moderately with CA125 (ρ = 0.51) and NLR (ρ = 0.47). Sensitivity analyses confirmed model stability. CT-ECV is significantly associated with histological grade in colorectal cancer and moderately correlates with serological markers. Combining CT-ECV with NLR and tumor markers enhances noninvasive preoperative prediction of poorly differentiated tumors, offering clinical value for grading and treatment planning.
Quality of Vision After LASIK, PRK and FemtoLASIK: An Analysis Using the Double Pass Imaging System HD AnalyzerTM®

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Rita Vieira, Ana Marta, Ana Carolina Abreu, Sílvia Monteiro, Maria do Céu Brochado Refractive Surgery Unit of Ophthalmology Department of Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto (CHUPorto), Oporto, PortugalCorrespondence: Rita Vieira, Tel +351 913748812, Email anarita.vieira1693@gmail.comPurpose: Analyze and compare the quality of vision of Photorefractive keratectomy (PRK), LASER in situ keratomileusis with mechanical microkeratome (LASIK) and femtosecond-assisted LASIK (FS-LASIK) using the double-pass imaging system HD AnalyzerTM®.Setting: Ophthalmology department of Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto (CHUPorto).Design: Retrospective, non-randomized, single center study.Methods: Analysis of three equivalent groups of patients submitted to PRK, LASIK and FS-LASIK at our department. The objective quality of vision assessment included the objective scatter index (OSI), the modular transfer function cutoff frequency (MTF) and the predicted visual acuity within the 100% (PVA), 20% (PVA20) and 9% contrast levels (PVA9) that were evaluated at baseline, 1st week, 1 and 6 months after surgery.Results: 118 eyes were included: 40 underwent LASIK, 43 FS-LASIK and 35 PRK. The mean age was 30.6± 4.6 years old and 56% were female. There was a significant impact concerning the type of procedure in the objective quality of vision analysis (Repeated measures ANOVA): the FS-LASIK group showed lower OSI values overtime [F(1,2)=4.566, p=0.012, OSI 0.83± 0.53 (FS-LASIK) vs 0.87± 0.47 (PRK) and 1.21± 1.44 (LASIK)], higher MTF values [F(1,2)=6.569, p=0.002, MTF 40.17± 8.33 vs 32.37± 11.4 (PRK) and 30.26± 10.28 (LASIK)], higher PVA 100% [F(1,2)=10.871, p< 0.001], PVA 20% [F(1,2)=9.737, p< 0.001] and PVA 9% [F(1,2)=6.335), p=0.003].Conclusion: In our study, FS-LASIK showed an excellent optical performance through the HD AnalyzerTM technology, with significantly lower OSI and higher MTF, PVA100, PVA20 and PVA9 values. According to our results, this procedure seems to be superior to PRK and LASIK regarding visual quality objective parameters.Keywords: quality of vision, HD analyzer, LASIK, PRK, femtosecond-assisted LASIK
Validating a measurement scale for entrepreneurial actions for sustainable corporate entrepreneurship using confirmatory factor analysis

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Orientation: Sustainable corporate entrepreneurship, which is achieved through entrepreneurial actions, has become a useful strategy for enhancing organisational performance. However, there seems to be no psychometrically sound and valid measurement instrument for such entrepreneurial actions. Research purpose: The study aimed at addressing this issue by proposing and empirically assessing a measurement instrument for entrepreneurial actions to determine its validity and psychometric attributes. Motivation for the study: Since entrepreneurial actions have been identified as an essential vehicle for translating management’s entrepreneurial intentions into meaningful organisational achievements, a measurement instrument for entrepreneurial actions with acceptable psychometric attributes would greatly benefit the field of sustainable corporate entrepreneurship. Research design, approach and method: The study used data from Zambia with a sample of 646 managers from organisations in eight different economic sectors. Zambia was chosen for the study because such a study was never undertaken in the country thereby making a valuable contribution to the country’s body of entrepreneurship knowledge. Data analysis and measurement were mainly conducted using Confirmatory Factor Analysis. Main findings: The study findings indicated that the postulated four-item measurement instrument was relatively stable and psychometrically sound with acceptable content and construct validity. Practical/managerial implications: The study findings amplified the role of managers in instigating entrepreneurship within established organisations through their entrepreneurial actions for the purposes of ensuring achievement of sustainable corporate entrepreneurship and sustained performance. Contribution/value-add: The findings of this study contributed immensely to the literature on sustainable corporate entrepreneurship useful for research and teaching.
Elizabeth I: Woman and Queen

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The sixteenth century poet, Sir Thomas Wyatt, once wrote,\n"...in letters plain\nThere is written her fair neck 'round about\nNoli me tangere for Caesar's I am\nAnd wild for to hold, though I seem tame."\nThe lines are generally supposed to refer to Anne Boleyn, but they might just as easily be applied to that lady's famous offspring--Elizabeth Tudor. More than any other reference, those four lines sum up an important key to the character of an extraordinary person--Elizabeth I of England. As a monarch, and to a lesser degree as a personality, Elizabeth Tudor has probably been the topic of more discussion (and argument), had more books written about her, had more myths (both flattering and malicious) concocted around her, and gained more notoriety than any three other prominent females in all history. All agree that her accomplishments were remarkable--are remarkable by anyone's standards--but Wyatt's lines hint at an aspect of Elizabeth's character that helps to penetrate the aura of glory (in many cases, an obscuring fog) around one of the most remarkable women who ever lived.
Manufacturing Technique of High Modulus Complex Ply Yarn and Stiffening Geogrids

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this study, carbon fiber/ polypropylene (PP) complex braiding yarn, with its different breaking strength, was prepared. It was designed by braiding polypropylene (PP) wrapped yarn and carbon fiber core yarn using eight and sixteen spindles braiding machines, with change of take-up gear number. Environmental factors, such as pH, temperature and time, were also changed to produce geo-grids with high strength, high modulus and better weather resistance. In order to make stable structure for complex braiding yarn, the heat treatment was also considered. Finally, geo-grids braiding by optimal treatment parameters were cut into single rib and junction specimens for tensile test.
Microphase-contrast x-ray computed tomography for basic biomedical study at SPring-8

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Micro-phase-contrast X-ray computed tomography with an X-ray interferometer (micro-phase-contrast CT) is in operation to obtain high spatial resolution images of less than 0.01 mm at the undulator beam-line 20XU of SPring-8, Japan, and we applied micro-phase-contrast CT to observe the organs of rats and hamsters. The excised kidney and spleen fixed by formalin were imaged. The fine inner-structures such as vessels, glomeruli of kidney and white and red pulps of spleen were visualized clearly about 0.01-mm spatial resolutions without using contrast agent or staining procedure. The results were very similar to those by optical microscopic images with 20-fold magnification. These results suggest that the micro-phase tomography might be a useful tool for various biomedical researches.
On the Activities of Glucoamylase Chemically Fixed to Cyanogen Bromide-activated Cellulose

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Journal Article On the Activities of Glucoamylase Chemically Fixed to Cyanogen Bromide-activated Cellulose Get access Hidekatsu Maeda, Hidekatsu Maeda Fermentation Research Institute, Inage, Chiba, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Hideo Suzuki Hideo Suzuki Fermentation Research Institute, Inage, Chiba, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Volume 36, Issue 10, 1 October 1972, Pages 1839–1842, https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1972.10860485 Published: 01 October 1972 Article history Received: 17 March 1972 Published: 01 October 1972
A Study of English Writing Teaching under the Guidance of Memetics

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

English writing is a fundamental skill in todays globalized world. Teaching English writing effectively involves understanding not only the grammatical and structural aspects but also the cognitive and sociocultural factors that influence language use. This paper delves into the application of memetics in the domain of English writing teaching. Memetics, a field that explores the transmission and evolution of ideas and behaviours, offers a unique lens to understand the processes underlying the acquisition and development of writing skills. This study aims to examine the potential benefits of integrating memetics into English writing instruction, exploring its implications for enhancing creativity, engagement, and overall proficiency in English writing.