jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
IMPLEMENTATION OF SCHOOL CULTURE TO STRENGTHEN STUDENT CHARACTER AT MADRASAH IBTIDAIYAH KHADIJAH IN MALANG CITY

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study aims to describe the implementation of school culture to strengthen the character of students at Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Khadijah in Malang City, the inhibiting factors, and the efforts made. The method used in this research is qualitative research. Data collection was carried out using observation, interviews, and documentation techniques. Data analysis was conducted using the Miles and Huberman model analysis technique. In this study, the research subjects were the principal, teachers, and students at Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Khadijah in Malang City. The results of the study indicate that religious character is implemented through regular and spontaneous practices, such as performing Dhuha prayers every day, reciting prayers before and after studying, practicing ablution, memorizing short surahs, and daily prayers. The character of independence is implemented through regular, spontaneous habits, and role modeling. The character of discipline is implemented through regular, spontaneous habits, and role modeling. The obstacles encountered include parents who have personal busy schedules, inadequate facilities and infrastructure, and an unsupportive environment. The solutions provided are to conduct socialization with parents and emphasize the importance of character education applied at home as well as building a special closeness with students
Measurement of State-Specific Association Constants in Allosteric Sensors through Molecular Stapling and NMR

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Allostery is a ubiquitous mechanism to control biological function and arises from the coupling of inhibitory and binding equilibria. The extent of coupling reflects the inactive vs active state selectivity of the allosteric effector. Hence, dissecting allosteric determinants requires quantification of state-specific association constants. However, observed association constants are typically population-averages, reporting on overall affinities but not on allosteric coupling. Here we propose a general method to measure state-specific association constants in allosteric sensors based on three key elements, i.e., state-selective molecular stapling through disulfide bridges, competition binding saturation transfer experiments and chemical shift correlation analyses to gauge state populations. The proposed approach was applied to the prototypical cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent protein kinase (PKA-RIα), for which the structures of the inactive and active states are available, as needed to design the state-selective disulfide bridges. Surprisingly, the PKA-RIα state-specific association constants are comparable to those of a structurally homologous domain with ∼10(3)-fold lower cAMP-affinity, suggesting that the affinity difference arises primarily from changes in the position of the dynamic apo inhibitory equilibrium.
Animal models of Parkinson’s disease

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Summary Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most prevalent neurodegenerative diseases and is characterized by dopamine neuron degeneration in substantia nigra and manifested by rest tremor, bradykinesia, rigidity, postural and gait disturbance, and other non-motor symptoms. With the help of animal models remarkable achievements have been made in recent years in better understanding the disease and developing appropriate therapies [1–4]. Animal models ranging from Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila, zebra fish, rodents to nonhuman primates have been employed for such purposes (Table 7.1) [1–6]. Rodents are used most frequently as animals to model PD by injuring the nigrostriatal pathway through the application of neurotoxins, inflammatory agents, ubiquitin proteasome inhibitors and genetic manipulations [1–3,7]. However, none of the currently used animal models have fully met the core requirement to recapitulate the clinical, pathological and biochemical phenotypes of PD [8]. The advances in biotechnology and genetics in recent years may enable us to generate more representative animal models of the disease.
Examining the Effect of an Animal-Assisted Intervention on Patient Distress in Outpatient Cystoscopy

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Animal assisted interventions (AAI) have been shown to improve patient outcomes in some healthcare settings. Flexible cystoscopy, while minimally invasive, is associated with patient-reported pain, fear, and anxiety. Few techniques have been found to improve these adverse effects associated with cystoscopy. The purpose of this study was to extend existing research on AAI in outpatient settings to investigate the effectiveness of AAI in reducing patient distress associated with outpatient cystoscopy. Ninety-five patients (average age 55.5 years) were prospectively enrolled and randomized to receive one 15-minute AAI prior to cystoscopy (n=46), or cystoscopy performed per standard protocol (n=49). Distress was measured by Visual Analogue Scales (VAS) for fear, anxiety, and stress, systolic blood pressure, and heart rate at 3 time points: prior to intervention/prior to cystoscopy, following intervention/prior to cystoscopy, and following intervention/following cystoscopy. Pain was assessed by VAS post-cystoscopy. There were no significant differences between the AAI and control groups in changes in systolic blood pressure, heart rate, fear, and pain between any time points. There were significant between-group differences in changes in anxiety and stress prior to cystoscopy with greater reductions found in anxiety and stress following AAI. The greater reductions in stress associated with AAI were maintained after cystoscopy. This is the first study to investigate the effectiveness of AAI in reducing distress associated with cystoscopy. More research is needed to determine if AAI is a viable method for improving patient outcomes associated with this and other outpatient procedures.
Clinical characteristics of 320 pediatric Crohn’s disease patients registered in the nationwide Crohn’s disease registry in Poland

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Wstęp: Nieswoiste choroby zapalne jelit (inflammatory bowel diseases - IBD), zwłaszcza choroba Leśniowskiego-Crohna (Crohn’s disease - CD), są narastającym problemem w gastroenterologii pediatrycznej. Dostępne dane dotyczące klinicznych i demograficznych aspektów choroby w Polsce są ograniczone. Cel: Zebranie rzetelnych danych o klinicznych i demograficznych aspektach choroby Leśniowskiego-Crohna u dzieci w Polsce na podstawie utworzonego internetowo prospektywnego rejestru choroby mających pomóc w opracowaniu najbardziej optymalnych strategii terapeutycznych dla tej grupy pacjentów. Materiał i metody: We wrześniu 2005 roku został utworzony w Internecie ogólnopolski rejestr pacjentów z chorobą Leśniowskiego-Crohna. Do projektu włączono 10 jednostek szpitalnych (9 szpitali akademickich, 1 rejonowy szpital referencyjny). W celu zebrania danych demograficznych i klinicznych zastosowano dostępny internetowo kwestionariusz, który następnie przesyłano do centralnego rejestru do prospektywnej analizy. Ocenie poddano następujące dane: demografia, historia rodzinna, lokalizacja i postać choroby, objawy pozajelitowe, choroby współistniejące, diagnostyka oraz leczenie (włączając w to interwencje chirurgiczne). Wyniki: Przez 4 lata 320 pacjentów (płeć męska : płeć żeńska - 191 : 129) w wieku poniżej 16 lat ze zdiagnozowaną CD (średni wiek w momencie postawienia diagnozy: 9,2 ±6,8 roku) zostało zarejestrowanych w bazie danych. Tak zwany wczesny początek choroby (wiek przy rozpoznaniu poniżej 5 lat) stwierdzono u 68 dzieci (21,25%). Rodzinne występowanie (obciążony wywiad rodzinny) odnotowano u 16 pacjentów (5%). Główne miejsce zmian chorobowych (według Klasyfikacji montrealskiej: L1 - jelito cienkie, L2 - jelito grube, L3 - ileocolon, L4 - górny odcinek przewodu pokarmowego) stanowiła lokalizacja krętniczo-kątnicza (L3) - 217 (67,8,%). Postać niepenetrująca bez zwężeń była przeważającą postacią choroby - 225 (70,32%) pacjentów. Objawy pozajelitowe zaobserwowano u 20 chorych (6,25%). Wnioski: Badanie dostarcza pełnych informacji dotyczących aspektów demograficznych i klinicznych choroby Leśniowskiego-Crohna w Polsce. Uzyskane dane są zgodne z doniesieniami z innych krajów. Wnioski z badania są następujące: zbierane informacje muszą być dobrze zdefiniowane i określone już na samym początku badania, weryfikowane oraz aktualizowane systematycznie w trakcie jego trwania, aby usprawnić pracę i uzyskać jak najbardziej wiarygodne wyniki.
Elliptical-P cells in the avian perilymphatic interface of the Tegmentum vasculosum.

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Elliptical cells (E-P) are present at the perilymphatic interface lumen (PIL) of the lagena. The E-P cells often separate from the tegmentum vasculosum (TV) and have touching processes that form a monolayer between the K+ rich perilymph and the Na+ rich endolymph, similar to the mammalian Reissner's membrane. We examined the TV of chicks (Gallus domesticus) and quantitated the expression of anti-S100 alphaalphabetabeta and S100 beta. There was a 30% increase of S100 beta saturation in the light cells facing the PIL when compared to other TV light cells. We show that: (1) the dimer anti- S100 alphaalphabetabeta and the monomer anti-S100 beta are expressed preferentially in the light cells and the E-P cells of TV; (2) expression of S100 beta is higher in light cells facing the PIL than in adjacent cells; (3) the expression of the dimer S100 alphaalphabetabeta and monomer S100 beta overlaps in most inner ear cell types, including the cells of the TV, most S100 alphaalphabetabeta positive cells express S 100 beta, but S100 beta positive cells do not always express S100 alphaalphabetabeta; and (4) the S100 beta expression in light cells, the abundant Na+-K+ ATPase on dark cells of the TV, and previously demonstrated co-localization of S100 beta/GABA in sensory cells suggest that S100 beta could have, in the inner ear, a dual neurotrophic-ionic modulating function.
Ethephon Prolongs Dormancy and Enhances Supercooling in Peach Flower Buds

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The heat requirement for flower bud growth of container-grown peach trees [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch. cvs . Redhaven and Springold] in the greenhouse varied inversely and linearly with the length of the cold-storage period (SC) provided to break bud dormancy. Ethephon reduced the rest-breaking effectiveness of the 5C treatment. Buds from ethephon-treated trees grew more slowly than buds from untreated trees upon exposure to 20 to 25C, resulting in later bloom dates. The effect of ethephon on flower bud hardiness in field-grown trees of `Jerseydawn' and `Jerseyglo' was studied using exotherm analysis after deacclimation treatments. Bud deacclimation varied with reacclimating temperature (7 or 21 C), cultivar, ethephon treatment, and sampling date. All buds were more susceptible to injury in March than in January or February. Buds reacclimated more rapidly at 21C than at 7C. `Jerseyglo' reacclimated more rapidly than `Jerseydawn'. Untreated buds were less hardy and also reacclimated more rapidly than treated buds. Ethephon enhanced flower bud hardiness in three distinct ways: 1) it decreased the mean low-temperature exotherm of pistils, 2) it increased the number of buds that supercooled after exposure to reacclimating temperatures, and 3) it decreased the rate of deacclimation, especially at 21C. Ethephon prolongs flower bud dormancy by increasing the chilling requirement. The rate at which flower buds become increasingly sensitive to moderate temperatures in late winter and spring is thus reduced by ethephon. Thus, ethephon delays deacclimation during winter and delays bloom in the spring. Chemical name used: (2-chloroethyl) phosphoric acid (ethephon).
Electron Donor‐Acceptor Spirobi[cyclopenta[2,1‐b : 3,4‐b′]dithiophene] Derivatives as Precursors of Electrodeposited Regioregular Thiophene‐based Polymers

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract A series of conjugation extended push‐pull derivatives of 4,4′‐spirobi[cyclopenta[2,1‐ b : 3,4‐ b ′]dithiophene] were synthesized and fully characterized, in which each perpendicularly aligned cyclopenta[2,1‐ b : 3,4‐ b ′]dithiophene features a pendant dicyanovinylene as an electron acceptor and a thiophene as an electron donor. The electrochemical and photophysical properties of the new molecules, which differ from each other for the presence and/or location of an additional n ‐hexyl chain on the pendant thiophene unit, were investigated, as well as their susceptibility to electrochemical polymerization. The substitution arrangement of the monomers was found to exert significant influence on the outcome of the electropolymerization process and on the optoelectronic properties and morphological film characteristics of the new regioregular materials obtained.
SURVEY TESTS. EMISSIONS FROM A VOLVO BUS WITH A TD 123 ES ENGINE AND FROM FOUR PREVIOUSLY REPORTED HD VEHICLES

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In a survey test series two buses, two trucks and one light duty truck have been tested regarding exhaust emissions. Four of the have previously been reported in MTC 9406A. These four vehicles are: a Scania city bus with a DSC 1127 engine, a Volvo Truck with a TD 63 ES engine, a Mercedes Benz 814 truck with an OM 366 engine and a Tristar truck with a Ford 250 Tristar engine. Now, a Volvo bus with a TD 123 ES engine has been tested. The tests were carried out on a chassis dynamometer. Test cycles were the A30 Regulation test, simulated on the chassis dynamometer, US transient cycle for heavy duty vehicles and the Braunschweig bus cycle. The tested vehicles have modern engines. The emissions at the simulated A30 tests were within the limits of the certification tests. The Scania bus was noise tested and did not pass the requirements for the noise emission of C1. The buses and the Mercedes Benz truck were tested twice. At the first time the Scania bus was new, at the second time, about 1,5 years later, the odometer reading was 142 000 km. The NOx emission increased somewhat at simulated A30 Regulation tests. The CO and HC emissions showed changes due to catalyst deterioration, but were still low. The odometer reading of the Mercedes Benz truck was 13 700 km at the first test occasion and at the second 76 200 km. The emission changes were small or insignificant. The odometer reading of the Volvo bus was 222 000 km at the first test occasion and at the second time 300 100 km. No significant emission changes were observed at the steady state tests. At the transient driving cycles CO and particulate emissions had increased. (A)
Effects of Fermentation with Kombucha Symbiotic Culture of Bacteria and Yeasts on Antioxidant Activities, Bioactive Compounds and Sensory Indicators of Rhodiola rosea and Salvia miltiorrhiza Beverages

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Kombucha is a well-known fermented beverage traditionally made from black tea infusion. Recent studies have focused on finding alternative materials to create novel kombucha beverages with various health benefits. In this study, we prepared and evaluated two novel kombucha beverages using Rhodiola rosea and Salvia miltiorrhiza as materials. The effects of fermentation with the residue of these plants on the kombucha were also investigated. The antioxidant activities, total phenolic contents, and concentrations of the bioactive compounds of the kombucha beverages were determined by the Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity test, ferric-reducing antioxidant power test, Folin–Ciocalteu method, and high-performance liquid chromatography, respectively. The results revealed that the kombucha beverages made with Rhodiola rosea and Salvia miltiorrhiza had strong antioxidant capacities and abundant phenolic contents. Additionally, the kombucha fermented with Rhodiola rosea residue had higher FRAP, TEAC and TPC values than that fermented without residue. On the other hand, the Salvia miltiorrhiza kombucha fermented with residue had similar FRAP and TEAC values but lower TPC values compared to that fermented without residue. The correlation analysis showed that gallic acid, salidroside, and tyrosol were responsible for the antioxidant abilities and total phenolic contents of the Rhodiola rosea kombucha, and salvianolic acid A and salvianolic acid B contributed to the antioxidant abilities of the Salvia miltiorrhiza kombucha. Furthermore, the kombucha fermented with Rhodiola rosea residue had the highest sensory scores among the kombucha beverages studied. These findings suggest that Rhodiola rosea and Salvia miltiorrhiza are suitable for making novel kombucha beverages with strong antioxidant abilities and abundant phenolic contents, which can be used in preventing and managing oxidative stress-related diseases.
Resisting Displacement: Leveraging Interpersonal Ties to Remain despite Criminal Violence in Medellín, Colombia

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Although civilians across the globe are fleeing conflict in record numbers, the reality is that far more remain behind. In addition to traditional wars, people stay in territories governed by criminal organizations. How might individuals threatened with displacement by a criminal gang manage to resist? Drawing on intensive participant observation and interviews in marginal neighborhoods of Medellín, Colombia, I argue that the urban residents most likely to remain despite being at risk of displacement are the “well connected.” Despite threats, they leverage ties to a community figure or member of the armed group to stay. I test a number of related hypotheses using an original survey and survey experiment. Unlike other work stressing that residents are trapped by scant resources or remain only by joining local associations or belligerents, my theory reveals residents’ agency and neutrality as they seek safety and security in conditions of state absence.
High-Speed Internet Access to the Other: The Influence of Cultural Orientations on Self-Disclosures in Offline and Online Relationships

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The global village metaphor, originally popularized by Marshall McLuhan, suggests that individuals connected to information and communication technologies become more involved with others from around the world. The speed at which messages are communicated is one factor why Internet-supported technologies create a sense of community. The diffusion of Internet networks to areas around the world naturally increases the potential for intercultural communication. Considering the cultural differences of the communicators and diminished social cues of the environment, the opportunity for misunderstandings may be elevated in intercultural Internet-based communication. The present investigation explores how two important components of culture—individualism and collectivism—influence communication behaviors in face-to-face and computer-mediated relationships. Self-disclosures, which are fundamental to relationship development, are specifically studied. The findings reveal that collectivism is associated with fewer self-disclosures in computer-mediated relationships than in comparable face-to-face relationships. The difference between self-disclosure behaviors in face-to-face and computer-mediated relationships is more pronounced among individuals high in collectivism than those high in individualism. Implications to social information processing theory and future directions for intercultural Internet-based communication research are considered.
A contextual understanding of educational phenomena

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In this paper some general characteristics of a contextual understanding of educational phenomena is outlined. The outline is suggested against the background of previous phenomenographic research and a recent interdisciplinary phenomenographic project on university physics students’ use of language in expressing their understanding of cases of physical motion. The theoretical approach suggested is presented in contrast to some main characteristics of cognitive and socio-cultural theories often referred to in educational research but found to be limited in their focus mainly on cognitive and socio-cultural phenomena and not on educational phenomena. It is suggested that to understand educational phenomena one has to consider the immediate situational context and broader cognitive and socio-cultural contexts based on seeing the learner as an agent mediating the relation to and significance of the contexts. An agent perspective and an intentional expressive view on language use seem to be essential to a contextual understanding of education.
Molecular subtyping of carcinoma of the female breast in a tertiary teaching hospital in Northern Nigeria

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Cancer of the breast is globally the most common female cancer including in Nigeria. Newer treatment modalities are based on tumor immunophenotyping, thus the need to characterize these tumors among women with the disease in Northern Nigeria. Aims: This study aims to classify carcinomas of the breast diagnosed in the pathology laboratory of a teaching hospital based on their expression of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2/neu (HER2/neu) overexpression. Methodology: The histology slides of 478 carcinomas of the breast as well as the ER, PR, and HER2 immunohistochemistry records of 118 stained cases were retrieved and reviewed. Results: Age range of cases was from 20 to 80 years (mean = 46.9 ± 13). The most common histomorphologic entity was invasive carcinoma (NST) which accounted for 73.2% of cases. These were followed in frequency by invasive lobular carcinoma accounting for 6.8% of cases and invasive papillary carcinoma representing 6.5% of cases. Overall, 169 cases (37.6%) were Grade III tumors while Grades II and I tumors accounted for 35.1% and 27.3% of cases, respectively. Triple-negative tumors were the most common molecular subtype and comprised 46.6% of all cases. Luminal B (LUMB) was the least common and accounted for 8% of all cases. HER2 overexpression and LUMA were seen in 17.9% and 28.8% of cases, respectively. Conclusion: Carcinoma of the breast in the population studied occurs at a younger age than among Caucasians. The tumors are characterized by preponderance of invasive carcinoma (NST), high histological grade, and triple-negative phenotype.
Understanding the Role of the DMD Protein Dystrophin in the Subventricular Zone (4587)

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Thursday, April 30April 14, 2020Free AccessUnderstanding the Role of the DMD Protein Dystrophin in the Subventricular Zone (4587)Andrea Arreguin and Holly ColognatoAuthors Info & AffiliationsApril 14, 2020 issue94 (15_supplement)https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.94.15_supplement.4587 Letters to the Editor