jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Development of texture and seismic anisotropy during the onset of subduction

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

How reliable are shear wave splitting measurements as a means of determining mantle flow direction? This remains a topic of debate, especially in the context of subduction. The answer hinges on whether our current understanding of mineral physics provides enough to accurately translate between seismic observations and mantle deformation. Here, we present an integrated model to simulate strain‐history‐dependent texture development and estimate resulting shear wave splitting in subduction environments. We do this for a mantle flow model that, in its geometry, approximates the double‐sided Molucca Sea subduction system in Eastern Indonesia. We test a single‐sided and a double‐sided subduction case. Results are compared to recent splitting measurements of this region by Di Leo et al. (2012a). The setting lends itself as a case study, because it is fairly young and, therefore, early textures from the slab's descent from the near surface to the bottom of the mantle transition zone—which we simulate in our models—have not yet been overprinted by subsequent continuous steady state flow. Second, it allows us to test the significance of the double‐sided geometry, i.e., the need for a rear barrier to achieve trench‐parallel subslab mantle flow. We demonstrate that although a barrier amplifies trench‐parallel subslab anisotropy due to mantle flow, it is not necessary to produce trench‐parallel fast directions per se. In a simple model of A‐type olivine lattice‐preferred orientation and one‐sided subduction, trench‐parallel fast directions are produced by a combination of simple shear and extension through compression and pure shear in the subslab mantle.
Hemocyte Population Changes during the Immune Response of Aedes aegypti to Inoculated Microfilariae of Dirofilaria immitis

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Ultrastructural and lectin-binding studies have established that the melanotic encapsulation reaction of Aedes aegypti Liverpool strain against inoculated Dirofilaria immitis microfilariae (mff) is a hemocyte-mediated reaction. Total hemocyte counts from mff-inoculated (= immune-activated), saline-inoculated, and uninoculated female A. aegypti were determined using a hemocoel perfusion technique. Total hemocyte populations in uninoculated mosquitoes were significantly larger in younger mosquitoes, but no significant change was noted as mosquitoes aged beyond 14 days. Hemocyte populations in immune-activated mosquitoes increased from 1 to 3 days postinoculation (PI) and decreased on days 4 and 5 PI. Hemocyte populations at 1 to 4 days PI were significantly elevated in mff-inoculated A. aegypti as compared with saline-inoculated controls. Saline-inoculated mosquitoes displayed little change in total hemocyte numbers from 1 to 5 days PI, and their hemocyte populations were similar to those seen in uninoculated insects of the same age. Experiments involving the inoculation of [3H]thymidine along with mff or saline alone and studies involving the administration of colchicine suggest that increased hemocyte populations in immune-activated A. aegypti are a result of mitotic division of circulating blood cells.
Study on Fermentation Techniques of Pomegranate Fruit Wine

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The fermentation techniques of pomegranate fruit wine were studied.The optimum fermentation techniques were determined as follow: matured pomegranate juice used as raw material,pH value adjusted to 4.0 and sugar content to 16,6 g/L pectase and 0.2 g/L grape wine yeast were added,then 4 d fermentation at 24 ℃,then glucose added twice and 20 d fermentation at 18 ℃,and the final alcohol degree was about 12 %vol.Then after aging,clarification,packing and sterilization,pomegranate fruit wine of mellow taste and moderate acerbity was produced.The wine was transparent and carmine in color.
The effectiveness of dental health education tools for visually impaired students in Bukit Mertajam

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Oral health is a vital component of overall health.It is important in adults and children alike, however, it is even more crucial for children with special needs as they have limited ability to perform oral health practices.Disabled children deserve the same opportunity for oral health as normal children.Unfortunately, oral health care is the most unattended health needs of the disabled children.This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of dental health education tools for visually impaired students in two schools in Bukit Mertajam, Penang.The project utilized dental health education tools consisting of an oral health module (printed in braille for the blind and in font 18px for the partially blind), an audio narration of the module were prepared and content-validated by an expert panel.Baseline plaque scores of 38 subjects aged 6-17 years were determined by a trained dental staff nurse.The module was then administered to the subjects facilitated by the teachers.Post intervention plaque scores were recorded again after one month.The pre and post intervention data were analyzed using Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test with a significant p value set at < 0.05.The results showed that there was a reduction in the overall median plaque score in both partially blind (n = 22) and totally blind (n =16) subjects (2.2 (IQR 0.7) to 1.8 (IQR 0.5) and 2.1 (IQR 0.4) to 2.0 0 (IQR 0.7) respectively).The score difference in the totally blind group was significant (p=0.025).Reductions in plaque scores were also observed in stratified data (based on age); with the partially blind aged 12-17 years showing the greatest reduction.However, the difference was not statistically significant (p=0.067).At younger age, tooth brushing should be supervised by parents as their manual dexterity and cognitive ability is still low.In addition, the younger subjects are less motivated if compared to the older ones.These factors could affect the result of the overall mean OHI-score in this study.In conclusion, the tools appeared to have a positive effect on promoting good oral hygiene among students with visual impairment.We recommend for further studies to be conducted on a bigger sample.
ADAPTABILITY AND PHENOTYPIC STABILITY OF LETTUCE CULTIVARS IN A SEMIARID REGION

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Studies on lettuce genotypes growing in different environments and planting seasons are important for this crop because its productive potential is greatly affected by environmental conditions. The mixed model methodology (REML/BLUP) have been used to evaluate the effects of the genotype-environment interaction on crops. Thus, the objective of the present work was to estimate parameters of adaptability and the phenotypic stability in lettuce cultivars grown in a semiarid region of Brazil, using a mixed model. Twelve lettuce cultivars from the Americana (Angelina, Amélia, and Tainá), Crespa (Scarlet, Vera, Isabela, and Vanda), Mimosa (Mila, Mimosa, and Lavínia), and Lisa (Elisa and Regiane) groups were evaluated. The experiments were conducted in a randomized complete block design, with four replications. The genetic parameters were estimated by the REML/BLUP method; and the simultaneous selection of productivity, stability, and adaptability of the genotypes was based on harmonic means of relative performances of predicted genotypic values (HMRPPGV). The Amélia, Angelina, and Tainá cultivars stood out for yield. The Regiane and Elisa cultivars presented significant responses in yield and number of leaves and are the most suitable for growing in the environmental conditions of Mossoró, RN, Brazil. The Crespa and Mimosa groups presented no stability and adaptability to the environmental conditions in which the experiments were conducted. More genotypes of all lettuce groups should be evaluated, and breeding programs should be developed to obtain genotypes with higher productivity, quality, and resistance to heat for semiarid regions.
Modeling the 10 September 2017 solar energetic particle event using the iPATH model

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

On September 10 2017, a fast coronal mass ejection (CME) erupted from the active region (AR) 12673, leading to a ground level enhancement (GLE) event at Earth. Using the 2D improved Particle Acceleration and Transport in the Heliosphere (iPATH) model, we model the large solar energetic particle (SEP) event of 10 September 2017 observed at Earth, Mars and STEREO-A. Based on observational evidence,we assume that the CME-driven shock experienced a large lateral expansion shortly after the eruption, which is modelled by a double Gaussian velocity profile in this simulation. We use the in-situ shock arrival times and the observed CME speeds at multiple spacecraft near Earth and Mars as constraints to adjust the input model parameters. The modelled time intensity profiles and fluence for energetic protons are then compared with observations. Reasonable agreements with observations at Mars and STEREO-A are found. The simulated results at Earth differ from observations of GOES-15. Instead, the simulated results at a heliocentric longitude 20 degree west to Earth fit reasonably well with the GOES observation. This can be explained if the pre-event solar wind magnetic field at Earth is not described by a nominal Parker field. Our results suggest that a large lateral expansion of the CME-driven shock and a distorted interplanetary magnetic field due to previous events can be important in understanding this GLE event.
Evaluating Econometric Models and Expert Intuition

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This thesis is about forecasting situations which involve econometric models and expert intuition. The first three chapters are about what it is that experts do when they adjust statistical model forecasts and what might improve that adjustment behavior. It is investigated how expert forecasts are related to model forecasts, how this potential relation is influenced by other factors and how it influences forecast accuracy, how feedback influences forecasting behavior and accuracy and which loss function is associated with experts’ forecasts. \n \nThe final chapter focuses on how to make use in an optimal way of multiple forecasts produced by multiple experts for one and the same event. It is found that potential disagreement amongst forecasters can have predictive value, especially when used in Markov regime-switching models.
A Conceptual Methodology to Define the Therapeutic Function of Music

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Journal Article A Conceptual Methodology to Define the Therapeutic Function of Music Get access Deanna Hanson-Abromeit, PhD, MT-BC Deanna Hanson-Abromeit, PhD, MT-BC University of Kansas Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Music Therapy Perspectives, Volume 33, Issue 1, 2015, Pages 25–38, https://doi.org/10.1093/mtp/miu061 Published: 26 March 2015 Article history Received: 05 February 2014 Accepted: 12 May 2014 Published: 26 March 2015
Dealing with temporality when inducing association rules from a retail database

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

One of the main motivations for employing database mining relates to the decision support problems faced by many retail organizations, particularly when the temporal aspect of the data should be taken into account to support management decisions. The focus of this work was the proposal and development of a computational system able to identify patterns in a database containing sale records from a retail organization and, based on them, infer association rules that also deal with the temporal aspect of the data. Experiments with the system on real data from a retail company, after a two-step pre-processing of the raw data, are presented. The obtained results are analysed and a few conclusions are drawn.
Block classification image coding with combined transforms

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Methods of employing a combination of two recently reported simple transforms (High Correlation Transform and Low Correlation Transform) using block adaptive transform coding with spatial domain activity classification are examined. It is found that for small block size, (viz. 8×8), increased coding efficiency can be had by employing a combination of the two new transforms, particularly for high activity images. The performance of such systems for small block size is found to be close, and sometimes superior, to that of a more conventional block classification adaptive transform coder employing the more complex real number cosine transform.
How Twitter Data Sampling Biases U.S. Voter Behavior Characterizations

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Online social media are key platforms for the public to discuss political issues. As a result, researchers have used data from these platforms to analyze public opinions and forecast election results. Recent studies reveal the existence of inauthentic actors such as malicious social bots and trolls, suggesting that not every message is a genuine expression from a legitimate user. However, the prevalence of inauthentic activities in social data streams is still unclear, making it difficult to gauge biases of analyses based on such data. In this paper, we aim to close this gap using Twitter data from the 2018 U.S. midterm elections. Hyperactive accounts are over-represented in volume samples. We compare their characteristics with those of randomly sampled accounts and self-identified voters using a fast and low-cost heuristic. We show that hyperactive accounts are more likely to exhibit various suspicious behaviors and share low-credibility information compared to likely voters. Random accounts are more similar to likely voters, although they have slightly higher chances to display suspicious behaviors. Our work provides insights into biased voter characterizations when using online observations, underlining the importance of accounting for inauthentic actors in studies of political issues based on social media data.
KTÓRĘDY JASIU POJEDZIESZ

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Performer: POLONIA Vocal Quartette; Polish; Naspiewal kwartet; z akompan. orkiestry. Digitized at 78 revolutions per minute. Four stylii were used to transfer this record. They are 3.8mil CT, 2.3mil CT, 2.8mil CT, 3.3mil CT. These were recorded flat and then also equalized with Turnover: 0, Rolloff: 0. The preferred versions suggested by an audio engineer at George Blood, L.P. have been copied to have the more friendly filenames. Matrix number: 46526 Catalog number: E2596 Other IDs from the record include: 46526
EBSD-Based Crystallographic Study on a Ni-Mn-Ga Alloy with Incommensurate 7M Structure

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Our recent work on EBSD-based characterization of incommensurate 7M modulated martensite in a polycrystalline Ni 50 Mn 30 Ga 20 alloy were summarized. The 7M martensitic plates were revealed to be self-accommodated in colonies, where each colony consisted of four types of variants that were twin related. All the pairs of variants can be categorized into three twinning modes, i.e. type-I, type-II and compound twins. The twin interface planes were in coincidence with the respective twinning planes. Using the measured orientations of adjacent martensitic variants, the orientations of parent austenite grains were calculated under the assumed orientation relationships for the austenite to martensite transformation. The energetically favorable orientation relationship between austenite and martenstie for the martensitic transformation was identified to be the Pitsch relation.
Creating Space within the Dynamics of Interculturality: The Impact of Religious and Cultural Transformation in Post-Apartheid South Africa

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In this paper a number of cultural and religious shifts taking place in post-apartheid South Africa are discussed, endeavouring to reach a deeper level of understanding of the real forces and centres of power behind these transformations. The impacts of societal crises like crime, poverty, HIV and AIDS, etc, the influence of Americanism on cultural dynamics like Ubuntu, and the clash between a market-driven economy and the spiral of poverty are taken cognizance of. The paper concludes by analyzing the quest for a new identity which takes cultural and religious diversity as well as unity seriously and is in need of intercultural and interpathetic space for redefining our identity. Religion, being part of culture, is evaluated as a definitive and formative space-creator and space-setter within culture.
Mapping diversity of species in global aquaculture

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Aquaculture is the world's most diverse farming practice in terms of number of species, farming methods and environments used. While various organizations and institutions have promoted species diversification, overall species diversity within the aquaculture industry is likely not promoted nor sufficiently well quantified. Using the most extensive dataset available (FAO‐statistics) and an approach based on the Shannon Diversity index, this paper provides a method for quantifying and mapping global aquaculture species diversity. Although preliminary analyses showed that a large part of the species forming production is still qualified as undetermined species (i.e. ‘not elsewhere included’); results indicate that usually high species diversity for a country is associated with a higher production but there are considerable differences between countries. Nine of the top 10 countries ranked highest by Shannon Diversity index in 2017 are from Asia with China producing the most diverse collection of species. Since species diversity is not the only level of diversity in production, other types of diversity are also briefly discussed. Diversifying aquatic farmed species can be of importance for long‐term performance and viability of the sector with respect to sustaining food production under (sometimes abrupt) changing conditions. This can be true both at the global and regional level. In contrast, selection and focus on only a limited number of species can lead to rapid improvements in terms of production (towards sustainability or not) and profitability. Therefore, benefits and shortcomings of diversity are discussed from both economical and social‐ecological perspectives that concurrently are shaping the expanding aquaculture industry.
Napolitano, Joseph, 1991-04-30

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Summary of an interview with Joseph Napolitano, an LAPD officer stationed at the Foothill Division, 1991 April 30. PART OF A SERIES: Hufstedler, Kaus & Ettinger conducted interviews with several LAPD patrol officers who were present at the time of the Rodney King incident. The series contains summaries of 11 such interviews, a transcript from an interview with a retired LAPD captain, a transcript from an interview with a citizen involved with Neighborhood Watch programs, and a summary of the Rodney King incident through the lens of the officers involved. Items in the series are arranged alphabetically by the last name of the interviewee.
Greywater treatment and reuse results from a 50-person trial

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The paper describes a seven year project to develop a greywater treatment plant for lavatory flushing. Site surveys and laboratory research was used to produce a design for a 50-person residential University hall. The final design included a balancing tank (13:1 peak to average capacity) screening (5 mm), a moving bed bioreactor and alternating deep bed double filtration (reticulated foam). The plant achieved a recycled water quality of 3 mg/l biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) (used as an indicator of odour potential and regrowth) a water clarity of 2 nephelometric turbidity units (NTU) and 2 mg/l suspended solids. Ultra violet (UV) disinfection was added to meet the UK guidelines of zero microbial indicator organisms. The demonstration trial lasted 5 years and users were unable to differentiate between the recycled water and mains water in the blind trial.
Low‐temperature synthesis of tungsten diboride powders via a simple molten salt route

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract WB 2 powders were successfully prepared at 1000°C using NaCl–KCl salts as molten salts. Compared to the conventional solid‐state reaction, the introduction of NaCl–KCl salts decreased the synthesis temperature of WB 2 phase, which was related to the faster diffusion rate of particles in the liquid state than in the solid‐state. The effect of reaction temperature, time, and the amount of molten salts on the synthesis of WB 2 were studied in detail. The template formation mechanism was considered to have played an essential part in the synthesis process. Transmission electron microscope analysis showed that the as‐synthesized WB 2 powders exhibited a hexagonal crystal structure. Furthermore, the oxidation protective performance of as‐synthesized WB 2 powders was investigated by TG‐DSC measurement.
Survival and Death are Like a Dream and a Song: A Review of Sayeerhe: Qingjiang Tujia Jumping Funeral Dance

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

“Sa Ye Er He: Qingjiang Tujia Dance Funeral” is a documentary work that must be read to study the sacrificial customs, songs, and dances of the Tujia people in the Qingjiang River Basin of western Hubei. This work mainly focuses on 9 recorded funerals of the Tujia family in the Qingjiang River Basin, showcasing the expressive forms and stylistic characteristics of the funeral song and dance of the Tujia family in the early 21st century. It deeply explores the cultural origins, concepts of life and death, and forms of song and dance of the Tujia family’s funerals. For scholars studying the folk culture of the Tujia ethnic group, it has important academic reference value. This article takes this work as the object of review, and evaluates it from the aspects of content structure, work characteristics, and research significance, in order to provide some observation perspectives for the study of the funeral customs of the Tujia ethnic group.
Simultaneity of Laser Modes on Laser Chaos

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We investigated the simultaneity of laser longitudinal modes by measuring the optical beats between modes. This simultaneity usually can’t be observed by an optical spectrum analyzer, since a scan time over several tens of seconds is necessary. Through the photomixer, these optical beats are down-converted to the radio frequency region around 1 GHz. For laser chaos, optical beats are more stable than using a conventional continuous wave laser.
Effects of Annealing Condition on the Glass Transition Behavior of PET in R-PET/LLDPE-g-MA Blends

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Effects of annealing temperature and annealing time on the glass transition of PET in the Recycle-polycethylene terephatalate(R-PET)/LLDPE-g-MA blends were investigated by DSC.The sub-Tg annealing leads to the enthalpy relaxation in the glass transition region of PET.The Tg of PET shifts to higher temperature with the increase of annealing temperature.The Tg of PET tends to be stable in the blends annealed at 50_70 ℃ for more than 48 h.After above-Tg annealing below 100 ℃,two heat flow transitions of PET appear around the Tg of PET.FTIR results show that molecular conformation of PET begin to change.However,the glass transition of PET disappears in the blend annealed at 100 ℃,and WAXD results show that the crystallinity of PET increases obviously,indicating that the Tcc,on of PET is between 90_100 ℃.