jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Pragmatism’s Legacy to Sociology Respecified

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article provides an account of a body of sociological studies recently published which claim to adopt a pragmatist approach. It discusses the validity of this claim through highlighting the similarity between some principles of pragmatism and of sociology (the primacy of practice, the decisive nature of context, the importance of uncertainty, the temporality of action, the sociality of normativity). It eventually argues that a sociological pragmatist-oriented approach should endorse a radically fallibilist perspective and take into account the openness and contingency of inquiry as topics to be empirically investigated as essential aspects of action in common. This would entail paying particular attention to the ingenious ways in which three features of action in common are overcome in practical activities: indeterminacy (descriptions are never complete and individuals have constantly to make sense by themselves of the unavoidable shortcomings of communication); contextuality (renouncing any kind of essentialism and adhering to Wittgenstein's ordinary grammar perspective); and emergence (apprehending action in common from the point of view of its actual and sequential accomplishment).
Mass and spring dimer Fermi–Pasta–Ulam–Tsingou nanopterons with exponentially small, nonvanishing ripples

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Abstract We study traveling waves in mass and spring dimer Fermi–Pasta–Ulam–Tsingou (FPUT) lattices in the long wave limit. Such lattices are known to possess nanopteron traveling waves in relative displacement coordinates. These nanopteron profiles consist of the superposition of an exponentially localized “core,” which is close to a Korteweg–de Vries solitary wave, and a periodic “ripple,” whose amplitude is small beyond all algebraic orders of the long wave parameter, although a zero amplitude is not precluded. Here we deploy techniques of spatial dynamics, inspired by results of Iooss and Kirchgässner, Iooss and James, and Venney and Zimmer, to construct mass and spring dimer nanopterons whose ripples are both exponentially small and also nonvanishing. We first obtain “growing front” traveling waves in the original position coordinates and then pass to relative displacement. To study position, we recast its traveling wave problem as a first‐order equation on an infinite‐dimensional Banach space; then we develop hypotheses that, when met, allow us to reduce such a first‐order problem to one solved by Lombardi. A key part of our analysis is then the passage back from the reduced problem to the original one. Our hypotheses free us from working strictly with lattices but are easily checked for FPUT mass and spring dimers. We also give a detailed exposition and reinterpretation of Lombardi's methods, to illustrate how our hypotheses work in concert with his techniques, and we provide a dialog with prior methods of constructing FPUT nanopterons, to expose similarities and differences with the present approach.
Applications of IoT through Machines' Integration to Provide Smart Environment

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Internet of Things (IoT) is considered a very large-scale platform where billions of smart devices are integrated together to provide an easy and smart way of life. In IoT, machines can communicate with each other with less human intervention. One of the major challenges that will be faced due to the increase in IoT data is its processing and analysis, which includes processing time of data and response time of an application. Normally data processing, analysis, and knowledge extraction will be done in cloud infrastructure, which will increase the burden of cloud and delay response time that can't be acceptable for real-time stream processing applications. Some of the challenges that IoT faces is faster analytics in small-scale platforms, that is, fast decisions and accurate results to be made, one example of this is autonomous cars and streaming data to be processed that are coming from multiple sources. Machine interactions can be done with exchange of Information and data via IoT devices in either edge or cloud network. In this chapter, we will discuss machine level interaction in edge computing structure and cloud computing through machine learning and deep learning (ML/DL) methodologies and some of the applications of IoT in this smart world like automatic traffic control management, environmental monitoring, healthcare management, analysis and prediction of diseases from medical images, smart agriculture, etc. ML and DL individually or together play an important function in IoT data processing and analysis that can be performed in edge or fog infrastructure. Overall discussions will be based on ML/DL tools that are good for data exploration, knowledge extraction of IoT data. After discussing various DL/ML models such as classification, regression, clustering, convolutional neural networks (CNNs), and recurrent neural networks (RNNs), you will have a clear picture of the importance of IoT and machine communication to this smart world scenarios. ML/DL also plays a very important role in IoT security challenges such as encryption, access control, network, and application security. Through intelligent IoT gateway in edge server, we can process the data faster and can solve any complex analytical tasks. Some of the main constraints are energy management, power consumption of devices, decentralized process, and dynamic allocation of resources. Thus, ML and DL provide a way to effectively handle real-time machine interactions and intelligent processing over the data.
Knowledge-based Economy vs. Creative Economy

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Slovakia is not rich in mineral resources, and along with other European countries, it is currently struggling with the financial and economic crisis. One way to get out of the crisis is to stimulate economic growth, for example by supporting the so-called creative economy, which includes all areas of human activity based on original creativity and the value resulting from it. Creative industry, forming the core of the creative economy, consists of industries which have their origin in individual creativity, skills and talent and which have the potential for creating wealth and employment opportunities. Slovakia has great potential for the development of the creative economy, which derives from its cultural, social and geographical context. The aim of this paper is to support the creative industries through education reform. Creative industry in mutual synergy with a knowledge-based economy creates conditions for a strong and sustainable creative economy. It is necessary to remove barriers in science and research, to ensure appropriate protection of intellectual property and to lead towards creativity. Thus, we would like to introduce creative industries into practice through innovative university study programmes designed on the principle of interdisciplinarity and interconnectivity with practice.
[Predictive value of plasma interleukin 1, interleukin 6, interleukin 8 and C-reactive protein (CRP) in patients with myocardial infarction].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Long-term risk of mortality in patients with myocardial infarction is thought to be linked with plasma concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines and CRP (markers of inflammation). The aim of our study was to analyze plasma levels of interleukin (IL) 1, interleukin 6, interleukin 8 and C-reactive protein (CRP) in patients with myocardial infarction. One hundred and seven (107) patients with myocardial infarction hospitalized at the Cardiac Care Unit of St. Elizabeth's Sisters' Hospital in Warsaw and a control group of 10 subjects were enrolled in our study. The samples of peripheral venous blood were withdrawn from the patients on 2nd and 7th of infarction and plasma levels of IL-1, IL-6, IL-8 and CRP were determined. The patients were followed-up for a year. The analysis of survivals and deaths caused by acute coronary syndrome allowed to determine the predictive value of IL-1, IL-6, IL-8 and CRP in myocardial infarction. Twenty-two (22) of the total 107 patients died of acute coronary syndrome during one-year follow-up. Plasma IL-6 and CRP levels were higher in non-survivors as compared to the levels of IL-6 and CRP in living subjects, whereas plasma levels of IL-1 and IL-8 were comparable in both groups. IL-6 and CRP proved to be of predictive value in patients with myocardial infarction during one-year follow-up. It has also been found that plasma IL-6 level correlates with plasma CRP concentration and that there is a positive correlation between the former and CK-MB levels. IL-6 and CRP levels were higher in patients with Q wave infarction in comparison with non-Q wave infarction. Plasma levels of IL-1 and IL-8 have not been found to be good predictors of death during 12-month follow-up.
(Trans) Sex Sells

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract In this article the author considers the vexed relationship that Star Distributors' trans sleaze had with taxonomy. The author argues that linguistic slippage and the inability to define a precise trans identity as object speaks not only, or exclusively, to a sloppiness on the part of sleaze writers but is also a deliberate illumination of the degree to which white trans is not reducible to something known or necessarily stable. Because it is irreducible to knowledge and finality, these texts delight in the possibilities of plurality, in teaching, and in learning to work one's gender in excess of cis practice. Finally, this article explores the bifurcated way these novels depict pedagogy for white and Black trans characters.
Outcomes of staged conjunctival flap and corneal transplantation for infectious keratitis resistant to medical treatment

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background/Aims To explore the outcomes of conjunctival flap (CF) followed by keratoplasty in patients with severe infectious keratitis (IK) unresponsive to medical treatment. Methods This is a retrospective monocentric study including 29 eyes of 29 patients with IK resistant to antibiotic treatment associated with stromal ulcer deepening to ≥50% of corneal thickness. All eyes underwent Gundersen’s CF procedure and penetrating keratoplasty (PK), deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK) or mushroom keratoplasty (MK), at least 4 months thereafter. Outcome measures included corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), endothelial cell count (ECC), graft survival and complications. Results IK healed in all eyes following CF. The mean time interval between CF and keratoplasty was 16.3±16.1 months. 55% of patients underwent PK, 35% MK and 10% DALK. Mean follow-up duration was 39.6±34.3 months. At the last available follow-up, a CDVA≥20/200 was obtained in 50%, 33.3% and 70% of cases, respectively after PK, DALK and MK. Mean annual endothelial cell loss was 24.5% following PK and 10.7% following MK. Overall, graft failure occurred in 75% of cases after PK, 100% after DALK and 20% after MK. The most frequent complications were endothelial decompensation without immunological rejection (34.5%, after 31.1±25.1 months) and graft rejection (17.2%, after 10.2±7.9 months, all in the PK group). Conclusion CF surgery followed by staged keratoplasty represents an alternative therapeutic approach to avoid high-risk keratoplasty ‘a chaud’ in cases of severe IK.
Controlling resonant surface modes by arbitrary light induced optical anisotropies

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

In this work the sensitivity of Bloch Surface Waves to laser-induced anisotropy of azo-polymeric thin layers is expe rimentally shown . The nanoscale reshaping of the films via thermal-Scanning Probe Lithography allows to couple light to circular photonic nanocavities, tailoring on-demand resonant BSW confined within the nanocavity.
Linear Partial Monitoring for Sequential Decision Making: Algorithms, Regret Bounds and Applications

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Partial monitoring is an expressive framework for sequential decision-making with an abundance of applications, including graph-structured and dueling bandits, dynamic pricing and transductive feedback models. We survey and extend recent results on the linear formulation of partial monitoring that naturally generalizes the standard linear bandit setting. The main result is that a single algorithm, information-directed sampling (IDS), is (nearly) worst-case rate optimal in all finite-action games. We present a simple and unified analysis of stochastic partial monitoring, and further extend the model to the contextual and kernelized setting.
Effect of calcium chloride on preservation of cut--flowers of {\sl Gerbera hybrida}

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Cut-flowers of Gerbera hybrida were steeped in CaCl_{2} solution (10mg/ml) and their flowering period had been prolonged 3.3 days more than the control. Through observation of the floral appearance and determination of floral physiological index, the result demonstrated that CaCl_{2} come into play in promotion of absorption water, increasing fresh weight, decreasing the solute exosmosis, maintaining water balance and strengthening freshness retension of the cut-flowers.
Developing a Social Cost of Carbon for US Regulatory Analysis: A Methodology and Interpretation

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The US government recently developed a range of values representing the monetized global damages associated with an incremental increase in carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions, commonly referred to as the social cost of carbon (SCC). These values are currently used in benefit--cost analyses to assess potential federal regulations. For 2010, the central value of the SCC is $21 per ton of CO 2 emissions, with sensitivity analyses to be conducted at $5, $35, and $65 per ton of CO 2 (2007 dollars). This article summarizes the methodology and interagency process used to develop these SCC values, offers our own commentary on how the SCC can be used to inform regulatory decisions, and identifies priorities for further research. (JEL: Q54, Q51, and Q58) Copyright 2013, Oxford University Press.
Analysis of a simple feed back method in field-oriented control of an induction motor without speed and position sensor

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

One disadvantage of field-oriented control is the need for a mechanical sensor to detect the rotor speed. Omitting this speed (or position) sensor allows for a more robust drive and saves costs. On the other hand, the control structure then has to obtain the space phasor of the rotor flux from the measured electrical quantities of the terminal voltage and current. This is usually done by a voltage flux model. Especially in the range of low stator frequency, the performance of this model deteriorates due to wrong parameters and measurement errors. Taking the rotor equation into account and using the magnitude of the rotor flux as a stabilising feedback leads to a simple control structure. In this paper, a simplified method of this feedback structure is proposed and its advantages and limits are investigated.
PMMA/PS coaxial electrospinning: core–shell fiber morphology as a function of material parameters

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Core–shell fibers of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and polystyrene (PS) have been successfully electrospun by coaxial electrospinning. To evaluate the influence of the solvent on the final fiber morphology, four types of organic solvents were used in the shell solution while the core solvent was preserved. Morphological observations with scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and optical microscopy revealed that both core and shell solvent properties were involved in the final fiber morphology. To explain this involvement, alongside a discussion of the Bagley solubility graph of PS and PMMA, a novel criterion based on solvent physical properties was introduced. A theoretical model based on the momentum conservation principle was developed and applied for describing the dependence of the core and shell diameters to their solvent combinations. Different concentrations of core and shell were also investigated in the coaxial electrospinning of PMMA/PS. The core–shell fiber morphologies with different core and shell concentrations were compared with their single electrospun fibers.
Investigating the effects of sound masking on the use of audio CAPTCHAs

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The SoundsRight Audio Completely Automated Public Turing tests to tell Computers and Humans Apart (CAPTCHA) was developed with the goal of providing a usable and secure audio CAPTCHA for people with visual impairments. Its design requires users to repeatedly identify a specific sound from a group of different sounds (e.g. baby crying and bird chirping) in real time. Adding background noise (sound masks) to the sounds may make it more difficult for automated software to recognise the sounds and therefore, improve security. However, the sound masks may also make it more challenging for human users to recognise the sound. We conducted a user study involving 20 blind participants and 20 sighted participants to investigate the effect of sound masks on the usability of the SoundsRight CAPTCHA. The results suggest that sound masks do have a significant impact on the failure rate and response time. Sighted participants had significantly a higher failure rate than blind participants and were more vulnerable to the negative effect of sound masks.
Local news as political institution and the repercussions of ‘news deserts’: A qualitative study of seven UK local areas

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

A transformation in the political economy of local news provision has led to claims that an increasing number of local areas have become ‘news deserts’ – areas that are poorly served or not served at all by professional and dedicated news services (Abernathy, 2022). Such developments have raised widespread concerns about the future health of local democracy. One aspect of local news’ declining capacity that has received little attention to date is the impact on its role as political institution. This paper first examines the impact of changes on those most closely affected by the reduction or closure of UK local news media outlets – the consumers and sources of local news. Through empirical research in 2021-22, the authors explore Cook’s theory of the news media as political institution (2005), by examining local citizens’ experience of – and attitudes towards – their local news outlets, and the extent to which they believe these continue to perform an institutional role. Second, the paper seeks to explore the extent to which other information services – most notably social media and online communities - substitute for the institutional roles of local news outlets. The paper argues that the diminishing role of local news media as political institution has significant political and democratic implications which are not being addressed by policymakers, who are more concerned with the economic interests of corporate media owners than the broader democratic and societal interests of local communities.
The heterogeneity and properties of folate binding proteins from chronic myelogenous leukemia cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Previous studies have demonstrated that some chronic myelogenous leukemia cells contain a macromolecular binding factor for folic acid. This binder, which previously was believed to be a single factor, has now been resolved into two distinct binding proteins. Separation of each binder was obtained by DEAE chromatography of the partially purified lysate of chronic myelogenous leukemia cells. One binder has a molecular weight of 30;000–35,000, and the second binder has a molecular weight of 40,000-45,000. Both proteins bind the mono-, di-, and triglutamates of folic acid, N10-methyl-folate, dihydro-folate, and N5-methyltetrahydrofolate. Neither binder has determinants for N5- formyltetrahydrofolate or methotrexate. The preferred substrates for both binders appear to be the fully oxidized and partially reduced folates rather than the fully reduced folates. The lower-molecular- weight folate binding protein shows reversible binding with partially and fully reduced folates but irreversible binding with oxidized folates. This property suggests that this binder may have some function in the transport and storage of folate. The higher-molecular-weight folate binding protein, however, has only slight reversibility of binding with the partially and fully reduced folates, and it is therefore more difficult to postulate a physiologic function for this binding factor.
The effect of probiotics supplementation in neonatal jaundice therapy: A systematic review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background Neonatal jaundice affects 60% of term and 80% of preterm newborns due to high levels of unconjugated bilirubin, leading to significant health issues. Currently, probiotics were used as a promising agent to enhance phototherapy outcomes. Objectives The purpose of this systematic review is to assess the effect of probiotics supplementation in neonatal jaundice therapy. Methods Four reviewers extracted randomized controlled trial (RCT) studies from Google Scholar, PubMed, and the Cochrane Library as per PRISMA guidelines. The risk of bias will be assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool for randomized trials (RoB 2). Inclusion criteria comprised term or preterm neonates diagnosed with any type of jaundice warranting phototherapy, outcome comparison between probiotic supplementation in phototherapy and control group. Study including healthy neonates, prophylaxis effect, non-RCT, and non-English studies were excluded in this study. Results Nine out of 14 RCT studies showed significant reduction of total serum bilirubin levels with various duration after receiving probiotic supplementation during phototherapy. Some of RCT studies reported significant changes in indirect bilirubin levels, duration of phototherapy, duration of hospital stay. Moreover, there were four studies that found no significant changes on total serum bilirubin levels. No adverse effects or complications are found among those studies. Conclusion Probiotics supplementation in neonatal jaundice therapy was promising beneficial outcome for neonatal jaundice. Further research is required to confirm the consistency of therapeutic effects and adverse reactions.
WILLIAM PALEY'S MORAL PHILOSOPHY AND THE CHALLENGE OF HUME: AN ENLIGHTENMENT DEBATE?

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This essay offers a reassessment of William Paley's Principles of Moral and Political Philosophy (1785). It focuses on his defence of religious ethics from challenges laid down in David Hume's Enquiry Concerning the Principles of Morals (1751). By restoring the context of theological/philosophical debate to Paley's thinking about ethics, the essay attempts to establish his genuine commitment to a worldly theology and to a programme of human advancement. This description of orthodox thought takes us beyond the bipolar debate about whether intellectual culture in the period was religious or secular: it was clearly religious; the question is: what kind of religion? It also makes questionable the view that England was somehow isolated from so-called Enlightenment currents of thought that were thriving elsewhere on the Continent. The “science of man”, far from being the sole preserve of Scottish and continental thinkers, also provided the basis for moral thought in eighteenth-century England.