jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Investigation into the optimum acquisition and employment strategy with the concentration on the vlcc east of Suez market

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Risk is present and inevitable in every business venture but the impacts are more pronounced in the shipping market, especially in the Very Large Crude Carrier (VLCC) sector. Using quantitative analysis of historical data and utilizing Markowitz’s Portfolio Optimization Model, this paper aims to determine the optimum employment strategies to be adopted for a fleet of 10 VLCCs from year 2000 to year 2011 such that returns are maximized while risks are minimized. In the experiment, 17 combinations of acquisition-employment strategies were constructed and tested. As opposed to conventional logical thinking, it was found that Newbuidings are not favoured by ship operators. Instead, the primary form of acquisition switches as cost of capital increases, from Bareboat Charter, to Secondhand Time Charters, and then to 3-Year Time Charters. On the other hand, 1-Year Time Charter and 3-Years Time Charter were found to be the optimum employment strategy regardless of the cost of capital of ship operators. This research is of high commercial significance as the findings demonstrate how diversification can help manage risks, thereby providing a valuable reference for the ship operators.
Effect of Ni Concentration on Physical Properties in Electroformed Fe-Ni Alloy for ACC of Secondary Battery

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The anode current collectors (ACC) work as a support for electrode materials. They are also electrical conductors between electrode and external circuits. Usually copper ∙ nickel ∙ titanium ∙ 304 stainless steel materials are used as ACC due to high electrical conductivity, high mechanical and thermal stability in the potential range of 0~2.96 V. Contrary to copper and nickel, electroformed Fe-Ni alloy is a promising materials due to obtain such as high mechanical strength, low cost, and producing very thin ACCs. In the current work, Fe-Ni alloys were electroformed by employing batch-type electrodeposition simulating the drum-type cathode for continuous electroforming equipment. During thermo-mechanical anneaing, the decrease lattice parameter of the γ phase occurred and AGG were observed on electroformed Fe-40~80 wt.% Ni alloys. The current work has been aimed at investigating the effect of the Ni concentration on the physical properties of the electroformed Fe-Ni alloy.
The challenges of installing Picture Archiving and Communication Systems (PACS) in a low- or poor-income resource nation: Our experience in a teaching hospital in Sub-Saharan Africa

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The practice of radiology as a subspecialty of medicine has undergone remarkable advancement as a result of picture archiving and communication Systems(PACS) technology. This technology allows for storage and retrieval of radiographic images and reports at any time, and possible transfer to other locations for secondary viewing and opinions. PACS enables healthcare professionals to access and review medical images quickly, allowing for faster and more accurate diagnosis and treatment planning. However, there are challenges involved in its installation and operations in our health facility, a teaching hospital in Sub-Saharan Africa. These challenges range from lack of huge financial resources required to acquire PACS equipment and accessories to lack of steady and regular electric power supply. Other challenges include inadequate dedicated space for its installation, inadequate functional cooling systems for its sensitive components, inadequate internet services for end users and paucity of qualified and trained personnel. There is, therefore, need for increased government and private sector funding in order to surmount these challenges, thereby enhancing health promotion in Sub-Saharan Africa.
Extension of k-ratio methods to rank-based analyses

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

An extension of k-ratio multiple comparison methods to rank-based analyses is described. The new method is analogous to the Duncan-Godbold approximate k-ratio procedure for unequal sample sizes or correlated means. The close parallel of the new methods to the Duncan-Godbold approach is shown by demonstrating that they are based upon different parameterizations as starting points. A semi-parametric basis for the new methods is shown by starting from the Cox proportional hazards model, using Wald statistics. From there the log-rank and Gehan-Breslow-Wilcoxon methods may be seen as score statistic based methods. Simulations and analysis of a published data set are used to show the performance of the new methods.
New Findings on the Biology and Ecology of the Ecuadorian Amazon Fungus Polyporus leprieurii var. yasuniensis

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Polyporus leprieurii var. yasuniensis is a prolific wood-decay fungus inhabiting the forest floor of one of the most biodiverse places on earth, the Yasuní National Park in Ecuador. Basidiocarps and aerial rhizomorphs are commonly found growing on woody debris distributed along the floor of this forest ecosystem. Because of the extraordinary abundance of this fungus in the tropical rainforest, we carried out investigations to better understand the biological and ecological aspects contributing to its prolific distribution. Data on growth inhibition in paired competition studies with sixteen fungal isolates exemplifies defense mechanisms used to defend its territory, including pseudosclerotial plates and the development of a melanized rhizomorphic mat. Results of biomass loss on eleven types of tropical wood in microcosm experiments demonstrated the broad decay capacity of the fungus. In and ex situ observations provided information on how long rhizomorphs can prevail in highly competitive ecosystems as well as stressful conditions in the laboratory. Finally, high concentrations of metal ions occur on rhizomorphs as compared to colonized wood. Sequestration of metal ions from the environment by the melanized rhizomorphs may offer protection against competitors. The development of melanized rhizomorphs is key to find and colonize new substrates and resist changing environmental conditions.
Education Personification Theory on the Historicity of Classical Greek Philosophers

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The study in its scope questions the historical existence of ancient Greek philosophers; while it focuses on two educational relevance themes a) that there is strength in recent insinuations that classical (ancient) Greek philosophers are only but true to reality, existing in nothing but personified names bearing their philosophical (teachings) in the meanings of their names; e.g. Heraclitus, simply is fire, Socrates is sorcery, then Pythagoras is puthon, i.e. fortune teller, since his history is replete with occult learning in Egypt and the Chaldea; b) our classist method of research leading to our research conclusions and findings touches on the second angle to this essay, which is a frank educational demand for the original Greek documents of these Greek classical philosophers, since it is suspected that these documents (e.g. Dialogues and Phaedo of Plato etc.) never existed or that translations to English had been manipulated, hence the truth was yet to be told about the true origins and the true meaning of philosophy. Particularly, if philosophy is merely love for wisdom, how come the Bible totally condemned it (Colossians 2:8, 2 Peter 1:16). Then how come Emperor Justinian banned it in 529 CE. (New & Philips, 1953, Brockman and Pescantini, 2004, philosophy NET, 2015). Justinian banned philosophy, since medieval Christian heretical teachings were products of Christian philosophical arguments which almost destroyed Christianity in it earliest stages (i.e. 1300 CE - 526 CE) Boer, 1980: pp. 41-60.
Ardener,E. W.(1927–87)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Edwin Ardener was a social anthropologist, best known as an authority on the relationship between linguistics and anthropology; during his lifetime, if the relationship between linguistics and social anthropology was under discussion, his name was among the first mentioned. Ardener was a route through which the ideas of Saussure, through Lévi‐Strauss, reached both his own generation and a younger generation of scholars—not only social anthropologists and linguists but also scholars in other fields and practitioners of various kinds. His use of linguistic inspiration for social analysis produced a perspective and practice challengingly different from those, often more behavioral and positivistic, that, from similar inspiration, came to dominate in the United States. His fieldwork, both in duration and published output, was exceptionally rich and rigorous. He made empirical rigor into an exercise in reflexivity, and into analytical sophistication. His own published output inspired many further publications by his students and by other scholars influenced by him.
On Cancer, COVID-19 and CT Scan: A Monocentric Retrospective Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background The acknowledgment of computed tomography (CT) defined diagnosis in high prevalence northern Italy may identify more patients with Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID 19) infection, than RT-PCR alone. Methods We retrospectively reviewed 148 chest CT scans of oncological patients who were referred to the Radiological Unit of Policlinico S. Marco from 1st of February 2020 to 30th of April 2020, during the Covid-19 outbreak in Bergamo area. Therefore, we analyzed RT-PCR tests of these 148 patients. Results Among 32 patients with diagnosis of COVID-19 infection: 17 patients were asymptomatic or had mild symptoms (53.1%), while 15 developed severe disease (46.8%). The incidence of COVID-19 infection is 22.9%, the mortality rate is 18.8%. Severe COVID-19 disease is associated with higher median age. We did not find any correlation between disease severity and sex, smoke or cardiovascular comorbidities. Remarkably, patients who were on treatment developed milder disease than cancer patients who were not on treatment. Conclusions The acceptance of CT-defined diagnosis in high prevalence area like Bergamo highlighted a larger number of COVID-19 oncological population than RT-PCR alone, in particular asymptomatic and mild symptomatic patients. We observed that actively treated patients had milder disease, according to previous studies that suggested a protective role of immunosuppression.
Microwave front end receiver using supercomponent approach

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Modern airborne multimode radars increasingly demand higher performance with small size, low weight and high reliability. In order to address these problems of microwave and RF receiver designers, an attempt has been made by adapting the technique of integrating various microwave subassemblies to form a single unit, known as the "supercomponent". This article discusses the design and development of a microwave front end receiver using the supercomponent approach. An account of design of various types of MICs that are used in the integrated receiver is presented along with test results. The results of the integrated receiver and the advantages of this supercomponent approach over the conventional method of developing a receiver by integrating individual discrete components are highlighted.
Teneligliptin Co-Infusion Alleviates Morphine Tolerance by Inhibition of Spinal Microglial Cell Activation in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Morphine (MOR) is a commonly prescribed drug for the treatment of moderate to severe diabetic neuropathic pain (DNP). However, long-term MOR treatment is limited by morphine analgesic tolerance (MAT). The activation of microglial cells and the release of glia-derived proinflammatory cytokines are known to play an important role in the development of MAT. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (DPP-4i) teneligliptin (TEN) on MOR-induced microglial cell activation and MAT in DNP rats. DNP was induced in four groups of male Wistar rats through a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) (50 mg/kg, freshly dissolved in 5 mmol/L citrate buffer, pH 4.5). Sham rats were administered with the vehicle. Seven days after STZ injection, all rats were implanted with an intrathecal (i.t) catheter connected to a mini-osmotic pump, divided into five groups, and infused with the following combinations: sham + saline (1 µL/h, i.t), DNP + saline (1 µL/h, i.t), DNP + MOR (15 µg/h, i.t), DNP + TEN (2 µg/h, i.t), and DNP + MOR (15 µg/h, i.t) + TEN (2 µg/h, i.t) for 7 days at a rate of 1 μL/h. The MAT was confirmed through the measurement of mechanical paw withdrawal threshold and tail-flick tests. The mRNA expression of neuroprotective proteins nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in the dorsal horn was evaluated by quantitative PCR (qPCR). Microglial cell activation and mononucleate cell infiltration in the spinal cord dorsal horn were assessed by immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and Western blotting (WB). The results showed that co-infusion of TEN with MOR significantly attenuated MAT in DNP rats through the restoration of neuroprotective proteins Nrf2 and HO-1 and suppression of microglial cell activation in the dorsal horn. Though TEN at a dose of 2 μg has mild antinociceptive effects, it is highly effective in limiting MAT.
Benign intracranial hypertension in chronic myeloid leukemia.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We present a patient with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) who had marked bilateral disc swelling as part of his initial presentation. This occurred in the setting of raised intracranial pressure (ICP), with normal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) composition and cell content, and normal neuroimaging. We discuss the possible mechanisms which could lead to disc swelling in CML and conclude that the raised ICP and subsequent papilloedema in our patient were the result of poor absorption of CSF into the dural venous sinuses. We propose that the very high white cell count (WCC) led to a hyperviscosity state which resulted in poor absorption of CSF and in so doing, created a clinical picture of benign intracranial hypertension (BIH).
Analysis of Functional Group Sited on Multi-Wall Carbon Nanotube Surface

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Functionalization of Carbon Nanotube (CNT) plays an important role in creating CNT hybride material.In this study, integrated analysis of functional group sites on the pristine and modified Multi-Wall Carbon Nanotube (MWCNT) surface was comparably conducted to know the effect of acid solution on the surface after purification and functionalization process.Acid treatment removed rest of graphitic and residual catalytic metal particles and suffered degradation, such as nanotube shortening and additional defect generation in the graphitic network.Defects on the side wall due to functionalized group clearly shown in Transmission Electron Image (TEM) images cause a reduction in thermal stability.Functional group sited on the side wall was detected by Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) -Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR) with the relative concentration of oxygen-containing functional groups determined by Boehm titration.
Association of Computed Tomographic Leg Muscle Characteristics With Lower Limb and Cardiovascular Events in Patients With Peripheral Artery Disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background Poor lower extremity physical performance is an independent predictor of unfavorable outcome in patients with peripheral artery disease ( PAD ); however, few studies have assessed muscle characteristics on imaging directly. Method and Results A novel 3‐dimensional semi‐automated protocol was developed to estimate leg muscle volume and density (mean attenuation) from computed tomography images. Patients with PAD who underwent a lower extremity computed tomography scan at a tertiary vascular surgery center were included, and were followed up using hospital records and linked data as part of a retrospective cohort study. The primary outcomes were lower limb events (major amputation or peripheral revascularization) and cardiovascular events (myocardial infarction, stroke, or cardiovascular death). Two hundred and twenty‐three patients with PAD were included (median age 69.0 years; 73% men) and followed for a median of 4.9 [2.6–7.0] years. During this time there were 99 index lower limb events and 97 cardiovascular events. Low leg muscle density was associated with increased risk of lower limb (rate ratio 1.41 [1.11–1.80] per SD reduction) and cardiovascular events (rate ratio 1.60 [1.29–1.99] per SD reduction). Low muscle density remained an independent predictor of cardiovascular (but not lower limb) events, after adjusting for age, sex, traditional cardiovascular risk factors, and angiographic PAD severity (rate ratio 1.39 [1.09–1.77] per lower SD ). In contrast, leg muscle volume was not associated with outcomes after adjusting for risk factors and PAD severity. Conclusions Low leg muscle density, but not volume, is a strong, independent predictor of major cardiovascular events among people with PAD . Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms underlying these associations.
Aerodynamic loads estimation on a Twin Vertical-Tail configuration based on the Single-Step Lattice Boltzmann Method Simulation

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this work, an efficient CFD simulation of the turbulent flow produced in a generic delta wing model with a twin vertical-tail configuration is presented. The simulation is conducted at multiple high angles of attack to estimate the aerodynamic loads perceived by the twin vertical tails and produced by the breakdown of two Leading-Edge Extension (LEX) vortices. The simulation is carried out with an efficient CFD solver based on the Single-Step and Simplified Lattice Boltzmann Method (SSLBM), which is accelerated by using Graphics Processing Units (GPU) technology. The SSLBM solver is also coupled with an Immersed multi-domain discretization technique, to capture properly the boundary layer produced in the vicinity of the generic aircraft. Simulation results obtained with the SSLBM solver are compared with numerical results computed with the Stress-Blended Eddy Simulation (SBES) solver from the commercial software ANSYS Fluent, showing acceptable agreement. Furthermore, the computational performance comparison between the SSLBM solver vs. ANSYS Fluent solver is also presented, showing that the SSLBM is around 56 times faster compared to the SBES solver from ANSYS Fluent.
Multi-affine registration using local polynomial expansion

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we present a non-linear (multi-affine) registration algorithm based on a local polynomial expansion model. We generalize previous work using a quadratic polynomial expansion model. Local affine models are estimated using this generalized model analytically and iteratively, and combined to a deformable registration algorithm. Experiments show that the affine parameter calculations derived from this quadratic model are more accurate than using a linear model. Experiments further indicate that the multi-affine deformable registration method can handle complex non-linear deformation fields necessary for deformable registration, and a faster convergent rate is verified from our comparison experiment.
Ischemic Stroke: Risk Stratification, Warfarin Teatment and Outcome Measure.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Stroke is a focal neurological syndrome of vascular basis, which may be due to ischemic thrombo-embolism or intra-cerebral haemorrhage. This condition has to be treated on emergency basis as it may cause an irreversible neurological damage. Warfarin has been a widely used oral anti-coagulant in treating ischemic stroke patients. This review highlights the benefits and challenges of warfarin treatment in stroke patients and discusses about the importance of risk stratification scores and bleeding scores in estimating the bleeding risk associated with warfarin treatment. This review also highlights the use of stroke outcome measures in identifying the patients with post-stroke disabilities to provide patient specific treatment.
Reward‐Based Decision Making and Electrodermal Responding by Young Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders during a Gambling Task

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

In this study, we explore reward‐based decision making and electrodermal responding ( EDR ) among children with autism spectrum disorder ( ASD ) during a children's gambling task. In addition, we examine whether individual behavioral and EDR responses predict social communication, repetitive symptoms, parent reports of executive function, and behavioral challenges. The ability to form advantageous strategies for long‐term gain is of interest for children with ASD , who exhibit both difficulty with executive function and atypical responses to reward. Twenty‐one children ages 6–7 years with ASD and no intellectual disability, and 21 age‐ and IQ ‐matched typically developing children participated. Both groups exhibited a similar pattern of gambling selections, but children with ASD showed less knowledge of the reward contingencies of the decks after playing. In addition, although EDR was similar between groups in anticipation of selections, children with ASD exhibited greater EDR during feedback about rewards as the task progressed. Children with ASD who exhibited the greatest increases in EDR were more likely to exhibit repetitive symptoms, particularly rituals and the need for sameness, as well as internalizing behaviors and reduced executive function in other settings. Autism Res 2013, 6: 494–505. © 2013 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Response of a Liquid to Relative Forces With Application to Electro migration

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract We discuss the motion of the particles of a liquid under the influence of driving forces depending on the relative positions of pairs of particles. We show that generalized reciprocal relations exist which relate the response to velocity distributions around a diffusing particle. The theory is applied to the electro migration of a K impurity in Na, where hitherto the configuration dependence of the driving forces has been ignored. We approximate as simply as possible, the new element in the calculation being to recognize that solvent ions in the vicinity of the impurity will suffer different driving forces from those in the bulk of the fluid, and this will directly influence the impurity migration. Our calculations indicate this to be of considerable importance. We also indicate how results relating diffusion coefficients to current-current correlation functions, of a type obtained previously be a velocity-field approach, may be obtained from the present formalism.
Processing Optimization of Optical Lens in the Injection Molding

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract. The processing conditions during the manufacturing have critical effects on the optical performances of the molded lenses including the refractive index, isochromatic fringe order, and the fringed pattern. The objective of this work is to investigate numerically some effects of the molding conditions on the residual stresses of injection molded lenses, and then to optimal the processing parameters for reducing the residual stresses using the Taguchi method. The results show the optimal method is able to improve the residual stress and to produce a good fringed pattern.