jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Feeding problems and GI dysfunction in children with asperger syndrome or pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified; comparison with their siblings

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: There are few previously published studies of feeding problems and/or gastrointestinal dysfunction among children with Asperger syndrome (AS) or Pervasive Developmental Disorder (PDD-NOS), compared to sibling controls. Study Design: On-line parent autism groups 90% from North America. Statistical analysis: Chi square and binomial logistic regression statistical analysis Results: Completed surveys were received for 64 children with AS, 44 with PDD-NOS, total = 108), and 82 normal sibling matches. Children with high-functioning autism had higher likelihood of frequent (>50% of the time) problematic feeding behaviors and gastrointestinal dysfunction, such as unusual food preferences (OR 23.9, 95% CI 7.3 - 78.7), insistence on unusual food presentation (OR 5.8, 95% CI 1.8 - 18.4), and poor mealtime social behavior (OR 16.1, 95% CI 4.1 - 64.1). These children also had higher odds of frequent constipation (OR 8.3, 95% CI 2.2 - 31.9) and fecal incontinence (OR 5.4, 95% CI 1.1 - 27.3). Nine children in AS/PDD-NOS group (4%) were believed by parent to have celiac disease (3 or 1% had intestinal biopsy), compared to 2 in control group. Conclusion: 57% of the AS/PDD-NOS group had frequent unusual food preferences vs. 5% of controls. Forty-eight percent of children with AS/PDD-NOS had frequent dislikes of new foods, compared to 6% of controls. For symptoms of specific gastrointestinal dysfunction, children with AS/PDD-NOS had higher prevalence of frequent constipation (30% vs. 4%) and fecal incontinence (22% vs. 2%).
Abiogenic origin of petroleum hydrocarbons: Need to rethink exploration strategies

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

retically, the second law of thermodynamics permits the genesis of natural petroleum only at depths more than 100 km at pressures of above 30 kbar well into the mantle of the earth and at higher temperatures consistent with that environment 8 . Further, the statistical mechanical model predicts that methane compressed to 30–40 kbar (pressure at depths around 150–200 km) at 1000°C (conditions in the mantle) yields hydrocarbons having properties similar to petroleum 8 . It is suggested that this petroleum of primordial material of deep origin at high pressure is transported via ‘cold’ eruptive processes into the crust of the earth until it escapes to the surface or is trapped by impermeable strata, forming petroleum reservoirs. Proponents of ‘abiogenic’ petroleum origin contend that deep microbial life is responsible for the biomarkers that are generally cited as evidence of biogenic origin. In this regard it must be noted that the microbial life has been discovered 4.2 km deep in Alaska and 5.2 km deep in Sweden 2 . The abiogenic theory on the origin of petroleum seeks to explain the origin of commercial accumulations of petrochemicals via chemical mechanisms such as serpentinite catalysis. Lipid components in hydrothermal sulphide deposits from the active Rainbow vent field (MidAtlantic Ridge at 36°N) revealed the presence of methane and possibly a minor amount of the alkanes anticipated to be of ‘abiogenic’ origin 9 . A recent study has shown the occurrence of low-molecularweight hydrocarbons in natural hydrothermal fluids, which has been attributed to abiogenic production by Fischer– Tropsch-type (FTT) reactions based on concentration, and the presence of stable radiocarbon isotopes of hydrocarbons dissolved in hydrogen-rich fluids venting at the ultramafic-hosted Lost City Hydrothermal Field 10 . These findings illustrate that the abiotic synthesis of hydrocarbons in nature may occur in the presence of ultramafic rocks, water, and moderate amounts of heat.
The democratization of systems of public opinion formation

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The process of democratic decision making has always involved systems of public opinion formation. Systems of public opinion formation have not, however, always been democratic. With the increase in the use of computer mediated communications technology we may be witnessing the democratization of systems of public opinion formation. A fresh look at an old debate between Walter Lippmann and John Dewey can aid us in understanding what this might mean (W. Lippmann, 1960; J. Dewey, 1927). The author investigates both Lippmann's and Dewey's answer to the problem of democratic theory and public opinion. He then describes a context in the process of change-the so-called communications revolution. The context that will result, I believe, can profitably be understood as a Deweyan revival.
RE Migration: An in vitro Phenomenon of Certain Lymphoid Cells Induced by Heterologous Serum

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

RE (rapid, early) migration designates the greatly increased migration of guinea pig thymus cells in glass capillaries upon addition of a high concentration of normal human serum. Such migration exceeded random locomotion sevenfold and was terminated within 60 min. Serum activity was abolished by treatment at 56 °C for 30 min and was inhibited by addition of homologous serum. Neither spleen nor lymph node cells were induced to migrate in this manner by serum. The presence of inhibitory cells in these organs, and their presence in variable but lower amounts also in the thymus, is suggested. Normal human serum was highly cytotoxic for thymus cells and somewhat less toxic for lymph node cells. However, the results indicate that RE migration is either independent of the cytotoxic effect of heterologous serum or else requires that a very high percentage of the cells are killed. The killing of thymocytes by several other means did not induce RE migration. In addition to demonstrating and quantitating this thymocyte-reactive factor in various sera, RE migration may be used for characterization of subpopulations of lymphocytes.
XEN Gel Implant

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Among all the novel glaucoma surgical devices, the XEN Gel Implant (Allergan plc, Dublin, Ireland) is the only one which uses an ab-interno approach to drain aqueous to the subconjunctival space, similar to conventional filtration surgery. Most MIGS procedures target the Schlemm’s canal and the collector channels which can be difficult to locate. The patency of the downstream drainage system cannot be accurately assessed and the episcleral venous pressure cannot be routinely measured, leading to unpredictable surgical outcomes for trabecular bypass surgery. In contrast, subconjunctival aqueous drainage is more effective at lowering the intraocular pressure, as is evidenced by the efficacy of trabeculectomy which has a long track record. The main advantages of the XEN Gel Implant over other filtering procedures include its less invasive surgical procedure and the favorable safety profile, fast visual recovery, and short surgery duration, rendering this implant particularly suited for patients who are unable to tolerate a long surgical duration or a delayed visual recovery. Although designed as a stand-alone procedure, XEN implantation can be combined with phacoemulsification in patients with concurrent cataract. Although its pressure-lowering ability appears to be superior to trabecular bypass and suprachoroidal MIGS devices, there are surgical nuances which can be difficult to master and the pre- and postoperative management is critical in the success of the XEN Glaucoma Treatment System.
Specificaties Master in Financieel Recht - LL.M.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Specificaties, Master in Financieel Recht: In de wereld van beursintroducties, overnames en financieel toezicht geldt een groot aantal wetten en regels. Kennis daarvan en van de werking van de financiele markten betekent concurrentievoordeel. Een opleiding voor breed georienteerde academici met een neus voor haute finance.
[IC‐P‐177]: FIRST EVALUATION OF THE NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES RADIOLIGAND [18F]MK‐6240 IN ALZHEIMER's DISEASE PATIENTS

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Dementia correlates strongly with the extent of neurofibrillary tangles (NFT). We recently disclosed [18F]MK-6240, a potent and selective NFT radioligand designed to be more specific and sensitive than previously known NFT PET radioligands. Here, we present the clinical characterization of [18F]MK-6240 in Healthy Elderly subjects (HEs) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. Enrollment consisted of 6 ADs(MMSE 11–28) and 4 HEs (MMSE 29). Participants were administered [18F]MK-6240 and dynamic PET scans were acquired for a minimum of 90 min and up to 150 min and standard uptake value (SUV) time-activity curves were generated. Arterial input functions were obtained for 3 HEs and 3 ADs and compartmental modelling allowed for measurement of regional volumes of distribution (VT). Cerebellar cortex was used as the reference region for the assessment of SUV ratios (SUVRs) and distribution volume ratios (DVRs). In HEs, [18F]MK-6240 uptake in the brain was high (peak SUV∼5) and followed by a fast washout across all brain regions. In ADs, a similar high uptake occurred, however, a slower washout was observed in regions associated with the NFT deposits while a fast washout was observed in other brain regions. In ADs, VTs of NFT rich regions were ∼2–3 fold higher than the rest of the brain or corresponding regions in HEs. SUVRs, measured between 60–90 min post injection, were ∼1 across regions for HEs. They were ∼3–4 in NFT rich regions and ∼1 in the rest of the brain for ADs. This pattern was confirmed using DVRs analysis. SUVR60–90 min and DVR analysis correlated well (R2 >0.90).
Forming connections in the digital era: Tinder, a new tool in young Australian intimate life

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Tinder is a location-based smartphone application used by young adults. Advertised as a popular and unique way to forge connections, Tinder’s introduction into intimate life is indicative of increased information and communication technology (ICT) usage within this sphere. While the impact of ICT use within intimate life has been debated, little sociological research has investigated Tinder within this context. This article draws on data from a small scale exploratory study, including surveys (n = 203) and interviews (n = 10), examining the use of Tinder by young Australians (aged 18 to 30) and how use contributes to intimate outcomes. While survey results provide insight regarding engagement with Tinder and its use in intimate life, two key themes – (1) Tinder’s use as an additional tool in intimate life and (2) its perceived impact on ‘connection quality’ – demonstrate Tinder’s role in intimate outcomes. Findings support Jurgenson’s depiction of today’s societies as ones characterised by augmented reality rather than digital dualism.
New welfare ethics and the remaking of moral identities in an era of user involvement

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The shift towards greater user involvement in welfare provision is typically couched by its advocates as being ethically straightforward and as an unalloyed good, because it represents a transformation of users from a role of passivity and dependence on the paternalism of professionals to more active, empowered and respected autonomous persons. This paper problematises this reading, showing how it fails to represent the ethical complications of partnership working in welfare relationships and how it privileges individualist over more relational and political forms of involvement. In doing so, the paper also seeks to demonstrate some of the ways critical sociological perspectives on changing welfare relationships might be strengthened by a focus on the ethics of practical agency.
Child labor and social progress: proceedings of the Fourth Annual Meeting of the National Child Labor Committee

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The basis of the anti-child labor movement in the idea of American civilization / F. Adler -- The new view of the child / E.T. Devine -- Social cost of accident, ignorance and exhaustion / C.R. Henderson -- The leadership of the child / A.J. McKelway -- Child labor in New England / E.W. Lord -- Compulsory education, the solution of the child labor problem / L.W. Parker -- Compulsory education in the South / G.F. Milton -- Why the children are in the factory / J.M. Gordon -- The education of mill children in the South / A.E. Seddon -- The function of education in abolishing child labor / O.R. Lovejoy -- Ethical and religious aspects of child labor / J.H. Kirkland -- The duty of the people in child protection / H. Smith -- Essentials in factory inspection / J.H. Morgan -- The responsibility of the consumer for child labor / Florence Kelley -- Children on the streets of Cincinnati / E. N. Clopper -- Reports from state and local child labor committees -- National child labor committee: Abstract of secretary's report and treasurer's report. For year ending Sept. 30, 1907 -- Proceedings of the fourth annual meeting: program and resumé of the meeting.
An Approach to a Group Movie Recommender System using Matrix Factorization-based Collaborative Filtering

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The growth of online movie streaming platforms has driven the demand for recommender systems that are able to deal with the daunting challenge of users finding movies that match their preferences. However, these recommender systems tend to focus on the needs of individual users, whereas in the real world, there are circumstances in which recommendations are needed for a group of users. Therefore, this study proposes a Group Recommender Systems (GRS) using Matrix Factorization (MF) with aggregation model to recommend movies for a group of users. We employ three Matrix Factorization methods to three distinct group sizes, which are small, medium, and large. Our goal is to identify the most effective approach for each group size. To evaluate the performance, we use precision and recall as measurement metrics. The results show that the MF method, After Factorization (AF) outperforms the other MF methods, i.e., Before Factorization (BF) and Weighted Bfore Factorization (WBF) in terms of precision parameters for small groups (2-4 users), which achieving a score of 0.86. Meanwhile, BF method surpassing both AF and WBF in precision parameters for medium groups (5-8 users) with a score of 0.81.
The Effectiveness of Using Collaborative Strategic Reading (CSR) in Teaching Reading Comprehension of the Tenth Grade Students of SMA NU Al Ma’ruf Kudus in the Academic Year 2012/2013

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Reading skill is something crucial and indispensable to improve the general language skill especially English. The students succeed their study depends greatly on their ability to read. However, many students still have difficulties in comprehending English text, and the tenth grade students of SMA NU Al Ma’rufKudus in the academic year 2012/2013 are one of them. Most of the students admit that they often fell bored when they have to read a textespecially a long and uninteresting topic text. Concerning to this condition, the researcher tries to apply Collaborative Strategic Reading (CSR) in teaching reading comprehension.
This research aims to know the effectiveness of using Collaborative Strategic Reading (CSR) in teaching reading comprehension of the tenth grade students of SMA NU Al Ma’ruf Kudus in the academic year 2012/2013).
This is an experimental research without control group. The population of this research is tenth grade students of SMA NU Al Ma’ruf Kudus in academic year 2012/2013 in second semester consist of 325 students and the sampleis 32 students who were taught using Collaborative Strategic Reading (CSR).The instrument that is used for measuring the achievement was a test.
The result of the experiment had been analyzed statistically; the researcher found that the mean for the pretestis 54.69, and SD is 14.3. While for post test, the mean =72.06 with SD=9.3. The hypothesis testing showed the result that t observation (t_o) is 12.6 and the t-table (df (31) = 2.04 α: 0.05) so t observation is higher than t-table (t_o>t_t). Thus, Ho is denied and H_a is confirmed. Therefore, the hypothesis state, “there is a significant difference of the reading comprehension of the tenth grade students of SMA NU Al Ma’ruf Kudus in the academic year 2012/2013 before and after being taught by using Collaborative Strategic Reading (CSR).
In line with the result, the researcher suggests the English teacher may take benefit from the useof CSR strategy to be applied in teaching reading comprehension.The use of appropriate and interesting strategy for the English teacher to teach reading comprehension is very important because reading is such kinds of activities that often bored for the students. So, using appropriate and interesting strategy will give the students fresh and new condition. Hopefully, it can motivate the students and make them interested in reading.
The Effect of the Azimuthal Angle on Fast-Neutron Concrete Albedos

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Albedos have been experimentally measured for a spectrum of fast fission neutrons incident on a 24- × 24- × 9-in. concrete slab. The source of fast neutrons for the experimental studies was the Missouri University Research Reactor; the direct and reflected neutron spectra were detected using a 2- × 2-in. liquid-scintillation spectrometer system. Previously published Monte Carlo calculated albedos have indicated a weak dependence on the azimuthal angle of reflection. These experimental measurements have confirmed this result and identified the effect of the incident angle on this relationship.
Eco-friendly application of vermiwash obtained from different types of waste with neem seed kernel extract against papaya mealybug, Paracoccus marginatus Williams and Granara de Willink

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract— Excessive agro-chemical usage has created a serious threat to the environment and human health. On the other hand, inappropriate bio solid waste management has given rise to social and environmental issues. Vermicomposting can be one of the solutions for both problems. Vermiwash is a product from vermicomposting which is generally used as a foliar fertiliser. Besides, it can also be used as a mild biopesticide in organic farming. In this study, three different substrates (cow dung, goat manure and vegetable waste) were used to produce vermiwash. Neem seed kernel (NSK) extract was combined with the vermiwash obtained from the different substrates to treat papaya mealybug (Paracoccus marginatus) and its predators on Carica papaya. 40% vermiwash and 10% NSK extract were used for the field study. The foliar application of vermiwash (cow dung) + NSK extract (1:1), vermiwash (goat manure) + NSK extract (1:1), vermiwash (vegetable waste) + NSK extract (1:1), vermiwash (cow dung), vermiwash (goat manure), vermiwash (vegetable waste) and control treatment resulted 75.72%, 67.19%, 57.62%, 45.00 %, 40.90%, 33.78% and 00.00% of papaya mealybug population reduction respectively. The combination of vermiwash obtained from cow dung and neem seed kernel extract (1:1) showed a higher performance in suppressing papaya mealybug population in field condition. There was no remarkable population reduction of the mealy bug predators after the application.
Regular neighbourhoods and canonical decompositions for groups

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We find canonical decompositions for finitely presented groups which essentially specialise to the classical JSJ-decomposition when restricted to the fundamental groups of Haken manifolds. The decompositions that we obtain are invariant under automorphisms of the group. A crucial new ingredient is the concept of a regular neighbourhood of a family of almost invariant subsets of a group. An almost invariant set is an analogue of an immersion.
Disability-Friendly Hospitality Services as a Catalyst for Empowering Inclusive Tourism in Indonesia

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Inclusive tourism is designed to ensure accessibility for all travelers, including individuals with disabilities, and the concept has been garnering increasing attention recently. Previous scholars have explored the experiences of disabled tourists, but this study shifts the focus to hospitality providers by examining their role in delivering inclusive services. Significant implementation gaps persist despite the existence of policies promoting inclusivity, and the situation shows the need to understand how the hospitality sector perceives and addresses accessibility challenges. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate accessibility within the Indonesian hospitality sector by analyzing key challenges related to infrastructure, service quality, and industry commitment. The service quality model developed by Parasuraman et al. was applied to assess gaps in tangibility, responsiveness, and empathy through qualitative methods, including stakeholder interviews and observational analyses. Moreover, a specialized framework developed by Stonesifer and Kim was incorporated to enhance hotel experiences for guests with disabilities. The results showed that accessibility remained a secondary concern, often overshadowed by cost considerations, infrastructure limitations, and the weak enforcement of relevant standards. Several hospitality providers prioritize minimal legal compliance over proactive accessibility improvements. It was also observed that limited awareness, inadequate staff training, and financial constraints further widened the gap between policy and practice. Furthermore, weak enforcement mechanisms hindered the establishment of consistent accessibility standards. This study contributes to the discourse on inclusive tourism by identifying critical gaps and emphasizing the need for stronger collaboration, policy reinforcement, and industry engagement. Addressing these challenges can foster a more inclusive hospitality sector that benefits all tourists. The identification of areas for improvement also provides valuable insights for policymakers and industry stakeholders aiming to enhance accessibility standards in the Indonesian tourism sector.
Stock Market Volatility and Return Analysis: A Systematic Literature Review

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

In the field of business research method, a literature review is more relevant than ever. Even though there has been lack of integrity and inflexibility in traditional literature reviews with questions being raised about the quality and trustworthiness of these types of reviews. This research provides a literature review using a systematic database to examine and cross-reference snowballing. In this paper, previous studies featuring a generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedastic (GARCH) family-based model stock market return and volatility have also been reviewed. The stock market plays a pivotal role in today’s world economic activities, named a “barometer” and “alarm” for economic and financial activities in a country or region. In order to prevent uncertainty and risk in the stock market, it is particularly important to measure effectively the volatility of stock index returns. However, the main purpose of this review is to examine effective GARCH models recommended for performing market returns and volatilities analysis. The secondary purpose of this review study is to conduct a content analysis of return and volatility literature reviews over a period of 12 years (2008–2019) and in 50 different papers. The study found that there has been a significant change in research work within the past 10 years and most of researchers have worked for developing stock markets.