jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Effect of Mass Artesunate-Amodiaquine Distribution on Mortality of Patients With Ebola Virus Disease During West African Outbreak

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Experiments in vitro have shown that the drug amodiaquine may inhibit Ebola virus activity. During the Ebola virus disease (EVD) epidemic in West Africa in 2014–2016, 2 mass drug administrations (MDAs) of artesunate-amodiaquine (ASAQ) were implemented to decrease the burden of malaria. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of the ASAQ MDAs on the mortality of patients with EVD. Methods A retrospective cohort design was used to analyze mortality data for patients with EVD admitted to 5 Ebola treatment units in Liberia and Sierra Leone. Patients admitted to the ETUs during the time period of ASAQ’s therapeutic effect from areas where the MDA was implemented were matched to controls not exposed to ASAQ, using a range of covariates, including malaria co-infection status, and a logistic regression analysis was performed. The primary outcome was Ebola treatment unit mortality. Results A total of 424 patients with EVD had sufficient data for analysis. Overall, the mortality of EVD patients was 57.5%. A total of 22 EVD patients were exposed to ASAQ during the MDAs and were found to have decreased risk of death compared with those not exposed in a matched analysis, but this did not reach statistical significance (relative risk, 0.63; 95% confidence interval, 0.37–1.07; P = .086). Conclusions There was a non–statistically significantly decreased risk of mortality in EVD patients exposed to ASAQ during the 2 MDAs as compared with EVD patients not exposed to ASAQ. Further prospective trials are needed to determine the direct effect of ASAQ on EVD mortality.
Memristor crossbar-based ultra-efficient next-generation baseband processors

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

As one of the most promising future fundamental devices, memristor has its unique advantage on implementing low-power high-speed matrix multiplication. Taking advantage of the high performance on basic matrix operation and flexibilitys of memristor crossbars, in this paper, we investigate both discrete Fourier transformation (DFT) and miltiple-input and multi-output (MIMO) detection unit in baseband processor. We reformulate the signal processing algorithms and model structures into a matrix-based framework, and present a memristor crossbar based DFT module design and MIMO detector module design. For both designs, experimental results demonstrate significant gains in speed and power efficiency compared with traditional CMOS-based designs.
Capillary Conductivity Values from Moisture Yield and Tension Measurements on Soil Columns

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Water yield values are given for 35‐cm columns of two soil types, Ramona and Yolo loam. Three to four surface cm of water were withdrawn from the columns in periods of about a week, using 900 cm of water tension. Simultaneous tension values are given for four locations along the column during wetting and drying periods. Some effects of preparing the disturbed soil samples and of length of soil column are indicated. A method is suggested for calculating capillary conductivity by the use of data obtained during transient changes of moisture content and tension in a soil column. Values for Ramona loam are calculated for a tension range of 76 to 627 cm of water. Although the method is not precise, conductivity values are obtained with less complicated equipment and in a shorter time than is possible by the use of previously described methods. Capillary conductivity values seem to vary with tension independent of tension gradients.
Elevation of intracellular free calcium levels in HEp-2 cells infected with enteropathogenic Escherichia coli

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) are a class of diarrheagenic organisms that induce a characteristic attaching and effacing lesion in enterocytes and various cultured cell lines. Infection of cultured HEp-2 cells by EPEC isolates 2036-80 (serotype O119) and E2348-69 (serotype O127) resulted in significant elevation of intracellular free calcium levels, determined quantitatively with the fluorescent calcium indicator dye 2-([2-bis(carboxymethyl)amino-5-methylphenoxy]methyl)-6-methoxy-8- bis(carboxymethyl)aminoquinoline. This effect, which was not observed on infection with non-lesion-forming E. coli strains, was inhibited by dantrolene, a drug that prevents calcium mobilization from intracellular stores. Moreover, activated protein kinase C in infected cells was dissociated from cell membranes by a process that was inhibited by cyclosporin A, suggesting involvement of the calcium-dependent protease calpain. A qualitative method for observing intracellular calcium fluxes by fluorescence microscopy with the recently described fluorescein-based indicator fluo-3 was used to screen a collection of well-characterized E. coli isolates from patients with infantile enteritis. Increased localized calcium-dependent fluo-3 fluorescence was observed only in HEp-2 cells infected with known lesion-forming EPEC strains. We propose that enhancement of intracellular free calcium levels in enterocytes infected with EPEC would result in formation of the characteristic lesion by calcium-dependent activation of actin-depolymerizing proteins, with eventual loss of absorptive capacity.
[Evolution of methicillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus in Cordoba (Spain) in the years 2002-2005].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In the last few years, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has become a very important human pathogen. Our aim was to study the evolution of methicillin resistance of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated in our hospital over a four-year period and to compare our situation with the rest of Spain and Europe. The rates varied from 39.9% in 2002 to 46.4% in 2005. Units with the highest rate were ICU and surgical wards. We found no glycopeptide-resistant strains.
That Diabolical Traffic: Archaeological Explorations of the Nineteenth Century Slave Trade in Coastal Guinea

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The nineteenth century transatlantic slave trade had significant social, political, and economic ramifications for the coastal West African environments. As Britain pressured European and American imperial powers to join in anti-slave trading endeavors in the early portion of the nineteenth century, the slave trade was directed to areas such as the Rio Pongo in coastal Guinea, where imperial and national powers were scarce, and both legal and contraband trade could continue to succeed. In these situations, foreign traders were able to integrate themselves into local networks, gaining access to social and material capital, and creating a new class of transnational trading families that would direct the evolution of local social and political landscapes. This dissertation employs an interdisciplinary framework to investigate the variation among slave trading villages of the nineteenth century Rio Pongo. Archaeological excavations, documentary records, and oral traditions are examined to determine how historical factors affect daily life and political organization at these slave trading sites. Specifically, results from excavations conducted from 2016-2017 at the village of Gambia and oral traditions collected there are compared to archaeological information gathered in 2013 at the villages of Bangalan, Farenya, and Sanya Paulia in a consideration of wider-scale intercultural interactions. Looking at the ways in which material and architectural remains, contextualized through a historical lens, can indicate the intentional signaling of cultural and ethnic identities, I argue that transnational trading elites (and their families) manipulated their perceived identities towards a polarized “native” or “other” as a defensive mechanism and adaptive means to experience continued success in transatlantic slaving endeavors under the gaze of antislavery patrols. I explore how such manipulations contribute to variation in intra- and inter-site dynamics during the period of occupation, and consequently the variation in these dynamics affects the development and transmission of an institutionalized memory of the slave trade among local residents, contributing to an increasing discourse of the African Diaspora.
Four Cases of Haemangioma of Soft Tissue with Venous Stone

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We have as yet very little reports as to haemangioma of soft tissue, especially primary intramuscular haemangioma with venous stone. In recent four years, these four cases were operated in our clinic.Little is known about the mechanism of the celcification of venous stone. We tried therefore the histochemical research about it in relation to acid-mucopolysacharide.
Rapid pathogen identification in aqueous humor samples by combining Fc-MBL@Fe3O4 enrichment and MALDI-TOF MS profiling

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Prompt clinical diagnosis and antimicrobial therapy are key to managing infective endophthalmitis. The small volume of aqueous humor, low bacterial counts, and empirical medication by physicians make existing diagnostic methods time-consuming and imprecise. Here, we investigated the feasibility of combining Fc-MBL@Fe3O4 enrichment with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) profiling to identify pathogens in aqueous humor. Aqueous humor aspirated from freshly enucleated porcine eyes was inoculated with different inocula of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae). We performed identification directly in aqueous humor samples and after short-term culture of micro-LB broth. Aqueous humor endophthalmitis samples were enriched with Fc-MBL@Fe3O4 and analyzed with MALDI-TOF MS. The identification time and minimum bacterial concentration required for identification were determined. The enrichment efficiency of Fc-MBL@Fe3O4 for different bacteria was > (87.5±5.0)%. The objects of direct identification include live bacteria and bacteria treated with antibiotics, which can be completed within 1.5 hours. The minimum number of bacteria needed for positive identification was 2.20×106 CFU. For micro-LB broth culture, the identification of bacteria can be completed within 6.5-9.5 h for aqueous humor samples with an initial bacterial count of tens to hundreds.
The challenge of contemporary history - Comparative possibilities

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This article explores and deplores a paradox, namely that while India may be the most interesting country in the world, we know so little about its history as an independent nation. The article identifies the obstacles to the writing of contemporary history, but also outlines how they might be overcome. It suggests some important themes for research - among these are the histories of states, the histories of institutions, and the biographies of writers and activists. Finally, the article suggests that since the study of colonialism is meeting with diminishing returns, contemporary history might and perhaps should become a growth area for the future.
Die Uitdaging van Kontemporere Geskiedenis
Hierdie artikel ondersoek en betreur 'n paradoks, naamlik dat hoewel Indie die mees interessante land in die wereld mag wees, ons so bitter min van die geskiedenis daarvan as 'n onafhanklike nasie weet. Die artikel identifiseer die struikelblokke wat bestaan ten opsigte van die skryf van kontemporere geskiedenis en dui verder ook aan hoe dit oorkom kan word. Dit stel belangrike temas vir navorsing voor - insluitend die geskiedenis van state, die geskiedenis van instellings, asook die biografiee van skrywers en aktiviste. Ten slotte stel die artikel voor dat aangesien die studie van kolonialisme verminderde opbrengste lewer, eietydse geskiedenis dalk 'n groei-area van die toekoms mag, of selfs moet word.
Nordic Majority Churches as Agents in the Welfare State: Critical Voices and/or Complementary Providers?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The article compares the role in welfare provision of the majority churches in Finland, Norway and Sweden. The Nordic welfare state model implies a large public sector and a correspondingly small contribution to welfare provision by the voluntary sector, of which church-based welfare activities, as defined in the article, are part. The data used in the article are derived from a European project, ‘Welfare and religion in a European perspective’, concerning the role of European majority churches as agents of welfare provision. The findings show many similarities between the Nordic cases, but also some differences. In all cases it is clear that both the church and the public authorities take the Nordic welfare state model more or less for granted. The Swedish and Norwegian cases, unlike the Finnish one, show that the public authorities at the municipal level are fairly unfamiliar with local church-based welfare activities. The article raises topical questions as to the role of the Nordic churches in social policy and as moral authorities in contemporary society.Keywords: Welfare, Church, Finland, Norway, Sweden
Curriculum Integration and Scientific Research Training: A Study on the Path to Cultivate Graduate Students’ Academic Norms Cognition and Paper Writing Ability

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article discusses the course “Academic Norms and Graduate Thesis Writing Guidance,” emphasizing the crucial role of adhering to academic standards in the process of thesis writing. It outlines the key aspects of thesis composition, including topic choice, literature review, and research methodologies, while underscoring the necessity to steer clear of non-conforming practices. The course aims to integrate learning with thesis writing, improve academic norms, and encourage innovative thinking within ethical boundaries. Ultimately, it emphasizes the importance of academic innovation and underscores the necessity for students to grasp the orientation of their thesis work, acknowledge academic boundaries, and aspire to achieve success.
ATRX regulates H3.3 incorporation and gene expression at G-rich ancestral pseudoautosomal genes

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

This analysis provides evidence for the construct validity and measurement invariance of the ANA negative emotionality domain among AUD treatment-seekers. Future studies are needed to evaluate prospective associations between negative emotionality and specific treatment modalities, and whether individuals with greater negative emotionality are more likely to respond to treatment that targets drinking to relieve negative affective states.
Natural cross-pollination is both a boon and bane for pigeonpea breeders

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Natural cross-pollination in pigeonpea, mediated by insects, is a universal phenomenon with the first report appearing in 1919. Considerable information is now available on various aspects of this biological phenomenon including degree of out-crossing and pollinating agents in different parts of the world. A large variation (0-60%) has been recorded in 30 different environments across 11 countries. The role of cross-pollination in rapid deterioration of the genetic purity of cultivars and elite genetic stocks is well understood and documented by breeders and seed producers. Pigeonpea breeders have converted this constraint into an opportunity by way of visually selecting natural hybrids from landraces in farmers’ fields and deriving high yielding cultivars. In a key development, the occurrence of natural cross-pollination in the wild relatives of pigeonpea has also been recorded; and in three wild species such natural hybrids have yielded valuable cytoplasmic male sterility systems. This has encouraged breeders to develop a hybrid breeding technology with natural out-crossing playing a key role in the large-scale seed production of commercial pigeonpea hybrids.
Performance of the fair intelligent congestion control for TCP applications over ATM networks: a simulation analysis

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents a simulation study of the performance of TCP traffic over ATM network ABR service under the fair intelligent congestion control (FICC) scheme recently proposed. The simulation experiments are conducted on various network configurations, and traffic patterns. The key metrics of TCP effective throughput, packet delay, delay variation, and fairness are measured. Simulation results show that FICC is superior to existing schemes in terms of well-guaranteed fairness, minimized and bounded buffer requirement, minimized packet variation delay, easy parameter settings, robustness to parameter mistuning, and simple implementation.
Metabolic tumor burden from 18F-FDG PET/CT images as an independent prognostic factor in post-surgical males with squamous esophageal cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

544 Objectives To evaluate 18F-FDG PET/CT thresholds of metabolic tumor burden as a post-surgical predictor of prognosis in males with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma Methods 18F-FDG PET/CT scanning was performed for post-surgical evaluation of 31 males with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, with each visible lesion delineated by three thresholds, Thbgd20 (SUV= SUVbgd + 20 %[SUVmax-SUVbgd]), Th40 (SUV= 40%×SUVmax)and Th2.5 (SUV =2.5), using 3D-area growing algorithms. The numbers of lesions in each patient successfully segmented by the three thresholds were compared, with whole body total lesion glycolysis (WBTLG) calculated as the total lesion glycolysis (TLG) of all lesions. Risk factors for death were determined by multivariate regression analysis, and time dependent receiver operating characteristic curves were used to determine the optimal WBTLG threshold predictive of death. Results The 31 patients had a total of 171 lesions, of which 159 (93.0%), 130 (76.0%) and 125 (73.1%) could be delineated by the Thbgd20, Th40 and Th2.5 thresholds, respectively. Thbgd20 delineated significantly more lesions than Th40 and Th2.5 (P 100 but ≤300 and >300 were 1287, 292 and 269 days, respectively (X2=17.418, P Conclusions Whole body metabolic tumor burden using the Thbgd threshold is a promising long-term independent prognostic factor in the post-surgical evaluation of males with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Research Support State 863 Projects (2008AA02Z426)
© 2010 Science Publications A Novel Method for Edge Detection Using 2 Dimensional Gamma Distribution

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract: Problem statement: Edge detection is an important field in image processing. Edges characterize object boundaries and are therefore useful for segmentation, registration, feature extraction, and identification of objects in a scene. Approach: This study presented a novel method for edge detection using 2D Gamma distribution. Edge detection is traditionally implemented by convolving the image with masks. These masks are constructed using a first derivative, called gradient or second derivative called Laplacien. Thus, the problem of edge detection is therefore related to the problem of mask construction. We propose a novel method to construct different gradient masks from 2D Gamma distribution. Results: The different constructed masks from 2D Gamma distribution are applied on images and we obtained very good results in comparing with the well-known Sobel gradient and Canny gradient results. Conclusion: The experiment showed that the proposed method obtained very good results but with a big time complexity due to the big number of constructed masks. Key words: Edge detection, gradient, masks construction, gamma distribution
Recycling of 5′-Methylthioadenosine-Ribose Carbon Atoms into Methionine in Tomato Tissue in Relation to Ethylene Production

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The ribose moiety of 5′-methylthioadenosine (MTA) is metabolized to form the four-carbon unit (2-aminobutyrate) of methionine in tomato tissue (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill., cv. Pik Red). When [U-(14)C-adenosine] MTA was administered to tomato tissue slices, label was recovered in 5-methylthioribose (MTR), methionine, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC), C(2)H(4) and other unidentified compounds. However, when [U-(14)C-ribose]MTR was administered, radioactivities were recovered in methionine, ACC and C(2)H(4), but not MTA. This suggests that C(2)H(4) formed in tomato pericarp tissue may be derived from the ribose portion of MTA via MTR, methionine and ACC. The conversion of MTR to methionine is not inhibited by aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG), but is O(2) dependent. These data present a new salvage pathway for methionine biosynthesis which may be important in relation to polyamine and ethylene biosynthesis in tomato tissue.
Effectiveness of Homologous and Heterologous Covid-19 Boosters against Omicron

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Effectiveness of Homologous and Heterologous Covid-19 Boosters against OmicronTo the Editor: For persons who received a single dose of the Ad26.COV2.S vaccine (Johnson & Johnson-Janssen) against coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19), a booster dose of a messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccine at least 2 months after the primary dose is recommended.Recipients of Ad26.COV2.S for both the primary and booster doses may receive a second booster dose of an mRNA Covid-19 vaccine at least 4 months after the first Ad26.COV2.S booster dose. 1 Immunogenicity data from a phase 1-2 clinical trial conducted before B.1.1.529and the BA sublineages of omicron emerged showed that increases in the titers of binding and neutralizing antibodies with heterologous boosting were similar to or greater than the increases with homologous boosting. 2In a study involving U.S. veterans, data that were obtained during a period in which omicron was the predominant circulating variant also showed that among Ad26.COV2.S recipients, vaccine effectiveness against omicron infection was higher with heterologous boosting than with homologous boosting 3 ; however, data from the general adult population and on vaccine effectiveness over time are lacking.More than 18 million doses of the Ad26.COV2.S vaccine have been administered in the United States alone 4 ; therefore, data are needed on boosting strategies that are effective over time.We performed a test-negative, case-control analysis to assess the effectiveness of four vaccination regimens against symptomatic infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) during a period when omicron was the predominant circulating variant: a single priming dose of Ad26.COV2.S, a single priming dose of Ad26.COV2.S plus a booster dose of Ad26.COV2.S (Ad26.COV2.S/Ad26.COV2.S), a single priming dose of Ad26.COV2.