jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Researches and Applications of Hyperspectral Imaging in Food Industry(I)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In recent years,the quality and safety issues of food have attracted much attention of the whole society in China.Modern inspection techniques are required for rapid and accurate assessment of quality and safety of food products.Hyperspectral imaging is an optical analysis technology with integration of spectroscopy and imaging techniques.By acquiring both spectral and spatial information of food simultaneously,hyperspectral imaging can inspect quality information with spatial distribution of food products rapidly and non-destructively,leading to an overall inspection of external and internal quality attributes.Therefore,hyperspectral imaging is a very promising technique in the safety inspection field of food products.This paper presents the basic principles of hyperspectral imaging and outlines in details its applications in the meat industry.
A Fast Gradient Iterative Affine Motion Estimation Algorithm Based on Edge Detection for Versatile Video Coding

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In the Versatile Video Coding (VVC) standard, affine motion models have been applied to enhance the resolution of complex motion patterns. However, due to the high computational complexity involved in affine motion estimation, real-time video processing applications face significant challenges. This paper focuses on optimizing affine motion estimation algorithms in the VVC environment and proposes a fast gradient iterative algorithm based on edge detection for efficient computation. Firstly, we establish judging conditions during the construction of affine motion candidate lists to streamline the redundant judging process. Secondly, we employ the Canny edge detection method for gradient assessment in the affine motion estimation process, thereby enhancing the iteration speed of affine motion vectors. Experimental results demonstrate that our affine motion estimation algorithm reduces encoding time by approximately 15%-35% while maintaining video bitrate and quality.
Information security in offshoring business processes: Design and implementation of controls guidelines

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

In the times of emerging technologies and rising individuals’ awareness more light is shed on privacy and associated risks. This does not go unnoticed by regulators, that develop and enforce tighter requirements towards organisations. Simultaneously, outsourcing relationships develop and offshoring as well as nearshoring are still popular among cost-optimisation methods. While many security methods are discovered and developed and numerous standards and best practices exist that talk about information security management systems, there is only limited literature on how to develop and implement these controls so that they bring the expected value. The goal of this research was to present guidelines for designing and implementing information security management system controls on basis of identified risks and issues with controls existing at the time. This was to support existing financial institutions with improving their internal controls for information security when engaging in offshoring relationships. The goal was achieved through qualitative methods: case study observation followed by a questionnaire that was distributed among and answered by information security advisors and specialists with extensive experience in financial sector. Case study is a Swiss globally operating bank that outsources its processes to a number of offshore and nearshore locations. The bank has had a number of controls and processes already well established at the time of the research. This research confirms that financial institutions face various obstacles and issues at different phases of offshoring. The most commonly identified included: dispersed responsibilities, issues arising at the time of offshoring that could be identified prior to decision to outsource and finally – lack of power to enforce technical controls over vendors. The guidelines developed include but are not limited to: focus on additional areas when preparing for offshoring initative, establishing and defining responsibilities across different teams in the organisation and with the vendor and defining detailed contractual clauses. The findings from this thesis also open opportunities for further research – to investigate the relationship between these guidelines and efficiency of information security management system or to quantify impact of these guidelines in order to prioritise them. Similar research could also be conducted in other sectors and organisations to provide evidence for the research generalization.
Evaluation of DWP Growth Fund

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The objective of the DWP Growth Fund was to raise levels of access to affordable credit by building the capacity of third sector lenders to serve financially excluded households. In doing so, the Growth Fund aimed to disrupt the role of high cost credit in the lives of borrowers. Using both qualitative and quantitative research methods, our evaluation of the Growth Fund examined both impact and process in order to establish the wider implications of the initiative on: Financially excluded individuals. Third sector lending institutions (Credit Unions / Community Development Finance Institutions). Other organisations delivering services to the financially excluded.
Atmospheric autoxidation is increasingly important in urban and suburban North America

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Significance Unimolecular hydrogen shift reactions to peroxy radicals have been shown to be important in the atmospheric photooxidation of isoprene and α-pinene. These studies also report the efficient generation of highly oxidized organic molecules known to contribute to particle formation and growth. Here, we quantify the rate of this oxidation pathway for peroxy radicals produced in the oxidation of n -hexane under conditions relevant to the atmosphere. The results suggest that autoxidation pathways are competitive against bimolecular reactions for a broad range of substrates, including many that result from urban emissions. The formation of organic hydroperoxides from atmospheric autoxidation has unknown implications for air quality.
Correlating the Hot Spots and Power Degradation seen in crystalline silicon modules in All India Survey of PV Module Reliability 2018

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents analysis of Infrared (IR) imaging performed on a total of 793 modules inspected during the All India Survey of PV Module Reliability 2018. It 18% of the inspected modules had Module ΔT (difference between maximum and modal temperature) of more than 4°C under MPPT condition which correlated to a significant increase in power degradation. Also, modules with hotspots show higher degradation than modules without hotspots in both Hot and Non-Hot climates. However, effect of hot cell (Module with Module AT > 4 °C) in hot zone was more significant. It was also seen that Module AT is significantly higher for modules above the age of 5 years. Comparison of the drone based IR imaging to ground based handheld IR imaging is also provided. © 2019 IEEE.
Technique for determining the refractive indices and oscillator strengths with the angle phase‐matching conditions in optical four‐wave sum‐mixing

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract A new method is proposed for measurement of the index of refraction of gas and oscillator strength. In four‐wave sum‐mixing in such nonlinear media as metal vapor or rare gas using the third‐order nonlinear optical effect, the refractive index of a nonlinear medium at the sum frequency in the vacuum ultraviolet range is found from the angle phase‐matching condition for the maximum conversion efficiency, and the oscillator strength is determined from the measurement of refractive index by the phase matching in terms of the sum frequency. The present method in which the refractive index and the oscillator strength are determined from the incident angle of each wave satisfying the angle phase‐matching has the advantage of fewer measurement parameters compared to the conventional methods in which a phase‐matching is accomplished with a mixture of gases with ordinary and extraordinary dispersions. This is because no buffer gas is mixed. In addition, the measurement accuracy is found theoretically to improve in the region with a higher atomic density.
Theorising and Researching the Youth Crime Nexus: Habitus, Reflexivity and the Political Ecology of Social Practices

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In the discussion that follows, I will explain how and why, in a research project on young people's pathways into and out of crime, we applied Bourdieu's concept of habitus. Understanding how the work of Bourdieu became central to the project requires an understanding of the limits of theory within criminology and an understanding of why concepts such as habitus emerged as central to the analysis. Throughout history, the 'youth crime problem' has attracted substantial attention from within the social sciences. Much work within criminology has been dominated by the search for understanding the individual motivations that underpinned the actions of the 'juvenile delinquent'. As a result, theories and research methodologies that explore the youth crime nexus are strongly shaped and influenced by criminological assumptions about 'cause and effect'. In the first part of this chapter, I will give a brief history of this approach, highlighting core weaknesses and the limited understandings of ecology and social action embedded within theories that focus on youth offending. In the second part of the chapter, I will show how the work of Pierre Bourdieu, especially around habitus, reflexivity and social practice, offered an alternative and more sophisticated approach to understanding young people's relationship with crime. By drawing on my experience researching young people's relationship with crime in highly disadvantaged neighbourhoods in the UK, I will show how the concept of habitus makes an 'analytical bridge' between empirical data and social theory.KeywordsYoung PeopleSocial PracticeCultural CapitalMoral PanicCritical CriminologyThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Determination of Pharmaceutical Compounds in Sewage Sludge from Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

This chapter provides an overview of extraction and detection techniques applied to the determination of pharmaceutical compounds in sewage sludge from urban wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). The main routes for the appearance of pharmaceuticals in the environment are the release of wastewater effluents from WWTPs and also land application of sewage sludge generated as a by-product of wastewater treatment. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry is widely used for the determination of pharmaceuticals in sewage sludge. Extraction methods should be simple and easy to perform, should require small volumes of organic solvents, should generate little waste, and should require cheap equipment to make the methodology affordable for routinely monitoring pharmaceuticals in sewage sludge. To obtain information about the concentrations of pharmaceutical compounds in the sludge treatment line, sewage sludge from different treatment stages was sampled from some urban WWTPs based on activated sludge technology and from a composting plant.
Molecular characterization of LhpR in control of hydroxyproline catabolism and transport in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Utilization of hydroxy-l-proline (l-Hyp) in Pseudomonas aeruginosa requires conversion of l-Hyp to d-Hyp followed by the d-Hyp dehydrogenase pathway; however, the molecular mechanism in control of l-Hyp catabolism and transport was not clear. DNA microarray analysis revealed twelve genes in two adjacent loci that were induced by exogenous l-Hyp and d-Hyp. The first locus includes lhpABFE encoding a Hyp epimerase (LhpA) and d-Hyp dehydrogenase (LhpBEF), while the second locus codes for a putative ABC transporter (LhpPMNO), a protein of unknown function (LhpH), Hyp/Pro racemase (LhpK) and two enzymes in l-Hyp catabolism (LhpC and LhpG). Proximal to these two loci, lhpR encodes a transcriptional regulator of the AraC family. The importance of these genes on l-Hyp catabolism was supported by growth phenotype analysis on knockout mutants. Induction of the lhpA and lhpP promoters by exogenous l-Hyp and d-Hyp was demonstrated by the measurement of β-galactosidase activities from promoter-lacZ fusions in PAO1, and no induction could be detected in the ΔlhpR mutant. Induction of the lhpA promoter by d-Hyp was completely abolished in the lhpA lhpK double mutant devoid of two epimerases, while the induction effect of l-Hyp remained unchanged. The purified His-tagged LhpR binds specifically to the lhp promoter regions, and formation of nucleoprotein complexes is affected by the presence of l-Hyp but not d-Hyp. Putative LhpR binding sites were deduced from serial deletions and comparative genomic sequence analysis. In summary, expression of lhp genes for Hyp catabolism and uptake requires the transcriptional activator LhpR and l-Hyp as the signalling compound.
Predictors of medication noncompliance in a sample of older adults.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The subjects were 1028 respondents from a randomly selected sample of independently living adults aged 55 years and older in the southeastern United States. Data on background characteristics, physical health, life satisfaction, psychological distress, and medication compliance were gathered from structured interviews. Among the 785 subjects in the analysis who were taking prescribed medications, 75% were women, 83% were white, their median income was $12,500 annually, 66% lived alone, their mean age was 73.9 years, and their mean number of years of education was 11.4. Twenty-one percent of all respondents taking medications had been noncompliant during the month preceding the study interview. Noncompliance with prescribed medications was significantly associated with higher socioeconomic status (P < 0.01), greater number of prescribed medications (P < 0.01), and higher psychological stress (P < 0.05). There was no relationship between compliance and living arrangements, health, life satisfaction, number of illnesses, age, or sex.
Beyond the Closet: The Era of Digital, VR, and Metaverse Fashion

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This case discusses the intersection of technological advancements and the fashion industry, particularly focusing on the emergence of digital fashion and its implications. The ascent of fast fashion, propelled to the forefront by online shopping platforms, social media, and influencers, not only adds to the psychological burden and financial pressure experienced by individuals but also perpetuates inequality and exploitation of garment workers, while simultaneously destroying the planet. However, hope is emerging with the growing movement toward sustainable fashion practices and the integration of technology into the apparel industry. Technological innovations, such as virtual clothing, augmented and virtual realities, and the Metaverse, offer alternative solutions to traditional fashion consumption, potentially revolutionizing the way we interact with clothing and reducing its negative impact on both individuals and the planet. The case prompts students to reflect on the broader societal implications of these emerging trends and to critically examine the potential risks and ethical dilemmas associated with the digitalization of clothing and personal identities.
PrivShieldROS: An Extended Robot Operating System Integrating Ethereum and Interplanetary File System for Enhanced Sensor Data Privacy

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

With the application of robotics in security monitoring, medical care, image analysis, and other high-privacy fields, vision sensor data in robotic operating systems (ROS) faces the challenge of enhancing secure storage and transmission. Recently, it has been proposed that the distributed advantages of blockchain be taken advantage of to improve the security of data in ROS. Still, it has limitations such as high latency and large resource consumption. To address these issues, this paper introduces PrivShieldROS, an extended robotic operating system developed by InterPlanetary File System (IPFS), blockchain, and HybridABEnc to enhance the confidentiality and security of vision sensor data in ROS. The system takes advantage of the decentralized nature of IPFS to enhance data availability and robustness while combining HybridABEnc for fine-grained access control. In addition, it ensures the security and confidentiality of the data distribution mechanism by using blockchain technology to store data content identifiers (CID) persistently. Finally, the effectiveness of this system is verified by three experiments. Compared with the state-of-the-art blockchain-extended ROS, PrivShieldROS shows improvements in key metrics. This paper has been partly submitted to IROS 2024.
Materials Data on Nb2ZnO6 by Materials Project

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

ZnNb2O6 crystallizes in the orthorhombic Pbcn space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Nb5+ is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to six O2- atoms. There are a spread of Nb–O bond distances ranging from 1.84–2.34 Å. Zn2+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form edge-sharing ZnO6 octahedra. There are a spread of Zn–O bond distances ranging from 2.08–2.20 Å. There are three inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to three equivalent Nb5+ atoms. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to one Nb5+ and two equivalent Zn2+ atoms. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to two equivalent Nb5+ and one Zn2+ atom.
The Impact and Evaluation of STEM Education Methods on the Comprehensive Development of Students

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Infusing innovation potential for the new generation faced with challenges and opportunities, this educational model is acclaimed for its capability to equip students with the skills needed for success in the rapidly evolving 21st-century labor market.However, it encounters significant obstacles in quantifying its efficiency and comprehensive impact on learners.Addressing this gap, this research conducts an extensive examination of STEM education practices.It reveals the multifaceted benefits of this educational method, not only emphasizing the enhancement of students' academic knowledge and technical skills but also highlighting its critical role in nurturing innovators, critical thinkers, and collaborative team members.The exploration further extends to fostering a scientific temperament and entrepreneurial mindset among students, emphasizing the significance of an interdisciplinary learning environment that goes beyond traditional educational boundaries.Additionally, this paper proposes a rigorous framework of evaluation indicators and methods meticulously designed to measure the tangible and intangible outcomes of STEM education.These indicators include cognitive gains, skill enhancement, innovative output, and socio-emotional development, providing a comprehensive view of student growth.This evaluation model aims to serve as a foundational tool for educators, policymakers, and researchers, facilitating informed decisions, strategic improvements, and the sustainable advancement of STEM education.Through this detailed analysis, the study aims to provide a nuanced understanding of the impact of STEM education, offering theoretical insights and practical recommendations to optimize its implementation and maximize its benefits for future generations.
Participant injury in clinical trials conducted in New Zealand for the benefit of manufacturers: an unfair system?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

A patient with a long-standing medical condition was enrolled in a clinical trial, deemed as conducted for the benefit of the manufacturer. The patient entered the trial and, shortly afterward, developed a severe illness that left him with a significant permanent disability. Clinical investigators and clinicians not involved in the trial believed the illness was related to trial participation. Because the trial was for the manufacturer's benefit, the participant was not eligible for compensation from the Accident Compensation Corporation (ACC). Discussions with the trial sponsor took many years to resolve. This case highlights the numerous barriers faced by patients seeking compensation from trial sponsors for adverse events probably resulting from trial participation. Legal changes are required to resolve this situation. Without such changes, potential participants and researchers should consider carefully whether to participate and invite people to participate in trials conducted for the benefit of a manufacturer, as there may be little support available should a trial-related illness occur.
Exploring Beliefs, Concerns, Prenatal Care Advice, and Sources of Information About Gestational Weight Gain Among Immigrant Central American Pregnant Women in the United States

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Gestational weight gain (GWG) is critical for maternal and neonatal health, but excessive GWG can lead to complications such as gestational diabetes, hypertension, and increased obesity risk later in life. Minoritized and immigrant women often face higher risks of excessive GWG. This cross-sectional study assessed Central American women’s beliefs and concerns about GWG, the receipt of advice from healthcare providers, and sources of information for healthy weight management during pregnancy. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 93 pregnant women from El Salvador (31.2%), Guatemala (46.2%), and Honduras (22.6%). Most participants were married (91.4%), and 91.2% had household incomes below $40,000. Self-reported pre-pregnancy weight status varied significantly (p = 0.03), with more Guatemalans self-reporting as overweight (34.9%) compared to Salvadorans (10.3%) and Hondurans (19.1%). Beliefs about GWG varied significantly; 72.1% of Guatemalan women accepted “eating for two”, while only 31.0% of Salvadorans did (p = 0.002). More Honduran women (90.5%) received weight gain recommendations from healthcare providers than Salvadorans (62.1%) and Guatemalans (60.5%) (p = 0.04). The Internet and family were common information sources on weight management, highlighting the need for culturally tailored health education. This study underscores critical differences in beliefs and access to prenatal care among pregnant Central American immigrant women, emphasizing the importance of culturally competent health education to support healthy pregnancy outcomes.