jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Robust state estimation of power systems based on equivalent measurement technique

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The paper investigates the application of the equivalent measurement technique to the robust state estimation (SE) of power systems. In contrast to the weighted least square‐based SE method, the objective functions of the robust SE tend to suppress the influence of bad data contained in the measurement set during the estimation process. So there is no need to perform bad data elimination. In the proposed approach, the collected measured data, such as the power flowing through the transmission line, the injection power, and bus voltage magnitude, are converted into equivalent measurements as either current or voltage phasor quantities. Also the state variables are expressed in rectangular coordinates. This enables the relationship between the state variables and the measurements to be described by the linear measurement function and its Jacobian matrix is computed only once during the iterative solution computation. Some testing results of the standard IEEE test systems indicate that the proposed approach uses less computation time and still provides similar accuracy compared to the conventional SE. © 2017 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Residents of private nursing homes and their care.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

A study was undertaken to examine the characteristics of residents in private nursing homes, to measure residents' dependency levels, to determine the adequacy of procedures for admitting new residents and to explore general practitioners' work with residents. Details were obtained of 61 nursing homes registered by Nottingham district health authority and of a selection of residents. Information about residents provided by the nurses in charge included aspects of self care, orientation and social integration, these items contributing to a dependency score for each resident. General practitioners completed postal questionnaires. Information was sought on the numbers of residents on the general practitioners' lists, visiting patterns, and opinions on their work with residents. It was found that almost half of the reports accompanying residents on admission were considered inadequate by the nurses in charge. The 357 residents varied widely in dependency level, need for nursing care and medication; 31% had low dependency scores. Most of the residents (57%), had been admitted from hospital, 26% from their own home and 15% from other nursing or residential homes. Higher overall dependency levels, problems with mobility and continence and need for care of wounds, catheters or colostomies were more frequent in residents admitted from hospital or nursing or residential homes than in those admitted from their own home. The 70 responding general practitioners varied widely in the numbers of residents on their lists and in their visiting patterns. The 16 general practitioners providing medical care for entire nursing homes were significantly more likely than the other general practitioners to visit routinely.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Advanced surgical techniques in implant dentistry: contemporary applications of early techniques.

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Early techniques in implant dentistry utilized immediate impression-taking and loading of endosseous implants. Because these techniques became associated with an unacceptably high incidence of complications and failures in early implant dentistry, many dental professionals came to look upon the procedures with disfavor. This disregard overlooked the fact that in many cases the utilization of immediate impression-taking and loading was successful. This presentation suggests to the clinicians to reconsider the issue of immediate loading from two contemporary perspectives. First, the author's research indicates that the benefits of single-stage implant treatment can be realized with a two-stage implant. Second, even when single-stage treatment is not elected, the advantages of faster, more convenient (and therefore more acceptable) treatment for the patient can be realized by taking an impression at the time of implant placement with the use of a new insertion tool/impression pin currently in clinical trials and described in this paper.
Mining genome traits that determine the different gut colonization potential of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium species

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Although the beneficial effects of probiotics are likely to be associated with their ability to colonize the gut, little is known about the characteristics of good colonizers. In a systematic analysis of the comparative genomics, we tried to elucidate the genomic contents that account for the distinct host adaptability patterns of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium species. The Bifidobacterium species, with species-level phylogenetic structures affected by recombination among strains, broad mucin-foraging activity, and dietary-fibre-degrading ability, represented niche conservatism and tended to be host-adapted. The Lactobacillus species stretched across three lifestyles, namely free-living, nomadic and host-adapted, as characterized by the variations of bacterial occurrence time, guanine–cytosine (GC) content and genome size, evolution event frequency, and the presence of human-adapted bacterial genes. The numbers and activity of host-adapted factors, such as bile salt hydrolase and intestinal tissue-anchored elements, were distinctly distributed among the three lifestyles. The strains of the three lifestyles could be separated with such a collection of colonization-related genomic content (genes, genome size and GC content). Thus, our work provided valuable information for rational selection and gut engraftment prediction of probiotics. Here, we have found many interesting predictive results for bacterial gut fitness, which will be validated in vitro and in vivo .
Identification and PCR detection of Phytophthora blight of lily.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The pathogen causing lily Phytophthora blight was isolated from diseased plants with typical symptoms on basal stems.The fungi was identified as Phytophthora nicotianae according to morphological characteristics,pathogenicity and the sequence of ribosomal DNA-ITS.The sequence of ribosomal DNA-ITS of isolate P1 was showed a sequence identity of 98%-99% with Phytophthora nicotianae published in GenBank.PCR detection using P.nicotianae-specific primers indicated that the pathogen was P.nicotianae.This is the first report of Phytophthora blight of lily in Yunnan.
Gasinduziertes Einmischen von Reaktionsstoppern in Behälter mit höherviskosen Flüssigkeiten

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Gas‐Induced Admixture of Reaction Inhibitors in Vessels Containing Liquids of Higher Viscosities . This article deals with calculation of the mixing action of gas introduced close to the bottom of vessels containing viscous liquids ( > 10 mPa s). The mixing time required for 95% mixing was determined. This time decreases with increasing volume flow of gas and level of liquid, increasing eccentricity of the point of gas introduction, and decreasing liquid viscosity. With the aid of an analytical model based on fluid dynamics, the mixing time to be expected can be predicted up to – and presumably beyond – a viscosity of 350 mPa s. Only a slight increase in mixing time is to be expected with decreasing interfacial tension and in systems with inhibited coalescence. The results show that gas‐induced mixing of vessels [1–4] is also applicable to high‐viscosity liquids. The approach can also be used for purposes other than admixture of reaction stoppers, such as the admixture of additives in normal operation of reactors and storage tahks.
The retraction lessons that may require academic publishing to change

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In this paper, we present some striking facts learned from a random subsampling of the global database of retracted academic papers, which have not been reported before and not discussed in the recent (famous) paper in Science by Brainard and You (Science 2019, doi:10.1126/science.aav8384). Our views then proceed to advocate several practical, and imperative, changes that can improve academic publishing, considering these insights, in line with Magdalena Skipper’s key missions in advocating open science and addressing the reproducibility crisis (Else, Nature 2018; doi: 10.1038/d41586-018-05060-w).
Effect of Interlayer Distance and Oxygen Content on Proton Conductivity of Graphite Oxide

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The effect of interlayer distance and oxygen content on proton conductivity of graphite oxide is presented. Bulk-state proton conductivities were measured using coin-shaped pellets of three different graphite oxide samples, namely, H-GO, S-GO, and B-GO, generated respectively from the techniques of Hummers, Staudenmaier, and Brodie. The extent of oxidation, nature of functional groups, interlayer distances, and morphologies are studied through Raman spectroscopy, XPS, powder XRD pattern, and SEM images. The proton conductivities follow the trend H-GO > S-GO > B-GO. In the XPS study, the total oxygen contents were found to follow the trend H-GO > B-GO > S-GO, whereas the interlayer distances obtained from the powder XRD patterns show the trend H-GO > S-GO > B-GO. Beside the nature of the functional groups and extent of oxidation, the interlayer distance displays a significant effect on the proton conductivity values. The temperature-dependent Arrhenius plots reveal the activation energy (Ea) of the samples as 0.274, 0.291, and 0.296 eV. These low Ea values imply the Grotthuss mechanism for proton conduction. The high conductivity value and low activation energy of H-GO with a maximum interlayer distance indicate that hydronium ion's rotational movement and re-formation of hydrogen bonds by the Grotthuss mechanism are supported by a more flexible interlayer. We propose that this physical insight might be considered to improve the proton conductivity through modulating layer distances not only in carbon allotropes but also in other materials.
The People’s Mind: Toward an Intellectual History of American Populism - Paul Stob. Intellectual Populism: Democracy, Inquiry, and the People. East Lansing: Michigan State University Press, 2020. xliv + 331 pp. $34.95 (paperback), ISBN 9781611863604.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The People’s Mind: Toward an Intellectual History of American Populism - Paul Stob. Intellectual Populism: Democracy, Inquiry, and the People. East Lansing: Michigan State University Press, 2020. xliv + 331 pp. $34.95 (paperback), ISBN 9781611863604. - Volume 20 Issue 2
The role of the generalist physician initiative in the merger of Hahnemann University and Medical College of Pennsylvania

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Unique in the history of academic medicine in the 20th century was the 1993 merger of two medical schools, Hahnemann University and The Medical College of Pennsylvania, to create Allegheny University of the Health Sciences, the largest private medical school in the United States. During the early, most critical phase of the merger process, the two faculties were brought together to plan and submit an application for The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation's Generalist Physician Initiative (GPI). This action had a profound and lasting impact on the merger of the two schools and the educational enterprise that subsequently evolved. The GPI grant was awarded to the merged school in the midst of this complex merger rife with major changes, all with their attendant fears and frustrations. During and just after the merger, at a time when faculty and staff were somewhat uncertain about the direction of the university, the GPI provided a focus with a clear set of goals and objectives. Despite the unprecedented changes occurring in the organization and personal and professional concerns, faculties from the two institutions were able to join in pursuing the generalist initiative and its associated curriculum reform. This single, pervasive effort was a significant factor in forming a unified faculty of a united school of medicine. This sense of unity was put to the test when, in July 1998 the university, along with its affiliated hospital system, filed for bankruptcy. The goals of this extraordinary action were to sell the hospitals to another organization, thereby removing from the university the burden of supporting hospital-based clinical programs and allowing the university to emerge as a freestanding academic institution focusing on its core mission of education and the principles embodied in the GPI.
Cost-oriented proactive fault tolerance approach to high performance computing (HPC) in the cloud

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Cloud computing offers new computing paradigms, capacity and flexible solutions to high performance computing (HPC) applications. For example, Hardware as a Service (HaaS) allows users to provide a large number of virtual machines (VMs) for computation-intensive applications using the HaaS model. Due to the large number of VMs and electronic components in HPC system in the cloud, any fault during the execution would result in re-running the applications, which will cost time, money and energy. In this paper we presented a proactive fault tolerance (FT) approach to HPC systems in the cloud to reduce the wall-clock execution time and dollar cost in the presence of faults. We also developed a generic FT algorithm for HPC systems in the cloud. Our algorithm does not rely on a spare node prior to prediction of a failure. We also developed a cost model for executing computation-intensive applications on HPC systems in the cloud. We analysed the dollar cost of provisioning spare nodes and checkpointing FT to assess the value of our approach. Our experimental results obtained from a real cloud execution environment show that the wall-clock execution time and cost of running computation-intensive applications in cloud can be reduced by as much as 30%. The frequency of checkpointing of computation-intensive applications can be reduced up to 50% with our FT approach for HPC in the cloud compared with current FT approaches.
On achieving low latency in data centers

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Today's data centers face extreme challenges in providing low latency for online services such as web search, social networking, and recommendation systems. Achieving low latency is important as it impacts user experience, which in turn impacts operator revenue. However, most current congestion control protocols approximate Processor Sharing (PS), which is known to be sub-optimal for minimizing latency. In this paper, we propose Router Assisted Capacity Sharing (RACS), a data center transport protocol that minimizes flow completion times by approximating the Shortest Remaining Processing Time (SRPT) scheduling policy, which is known to be optimal, in a distributed manner. With RACS, flows are assigned weights which determine their relative priority and thus the rate assigned to them. By changing these weights, RACS can approximate a range of scheduling disciplines. Through extensive ns-2 simulations, we demonstrate that RACS outperforms TCP, DCTCP, and RCP in data center environments. In particular, it improves completion times by up to 95% over TCP, 88% over DCTCP, and 80% over RCP. Our results also show that RACS can outperform deadline-aware transport protocols for typical data center workloads.
S1780 Immunoglobulin G4-Associated Cholangitis Mimicking Cholangiocarcinoma in Elderly

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Sclerosing cholangitis is a diffuse inflammation and fibrosis that progressively leads to stenosis and destruction of the bile ducts. It includes 3 types: primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), secondary cholangitis, and IgG4 sclerosing cholangitis (IgG4-SC). Usually they all present with cholestatic symptoms like pruritus and abdominal pain along with elevated ALP and GGT as well as bilirubin, however IgG4-SC has better outcomes, treatment response to steroids and less recurrence. We hereby presenting a case of IgG4-SC presenting as cholangiocarcinoma. Case Description/Methods: An 80 year-old male with a past medical history of bladder cancer was referred to the gastroenterology for EUS after blood work showed (ALT 320, AST 297, Bilirubin 1.4, GGT 2032), and CT abdomen with IV contrast revealed intra and extrahepatic biliary dilatation with an abrupt cutoff in mid CBD, suspicious for either a primary CBD mass or pancreatic mass (Figure). EUS showed an irregular mass in the CBD wall, suspicious for cholangiocarcinoma (Figure). The ERCP showed malignant appearing stricture of the extrahepatic bile duct consistent with cholangiocarcinoma, Bismuth 2 vs early 3B (Figure). Exploratory laparotomy was done and portal node biopsy came back benign; for which a repeat ERCP/Spyglass with direct visualization cholangioscopy, was done and showed diffusely dilated main bile duct with sludge and pus, single diffuse stenosis in right hepatic duct sludge with lining malignant appearing abnormal mucosa (nodularity and dilated vessels). IgG4 was elevated (931) consistent with IgG4 cholangitis (Figure). Biopsy and cytology brush showed no signs of dysplasia or neoplasia. Patient was then started on prednisone for a month and scheduled to repeat ERCP/Spyglass after. Discussion: IgG4-RD is a fibrous-inflammatory process related to immunomodulation, therefore IgG4-SC often co-presents with auto-immune pancreatitis, dacryoadenitis and sialadenitis. IgG4-SC is extremely challenging, as it’s frequently misdiagnosed on imaging as a pseudotumor, and can progress to liver cirrhosis if left untreated, however it comes with great response to steroids. In 2021, Mendoza criteria (tortuous vessels, irregular nodulations, raised intraductal lesions, irregular surface, and friability) was published and found to be accurate to differentiate malignant and benign causes of biliary stricture, with overall diagnostic accuracy of 77%. Our case didn’t meet the 5 criterias of Mendoza, which is consistent with IgG4-SC.Figure 1.: Top: CT of abdomen and ERCP. Bottom: Exploratory laparotomy.
Some Thoughts on Biography and the Historiography of the Twentieth-Century Arab World1

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The number of English-language biographies of Arab subjects is tiny compared to the number of English-language biographies of North American and European subjects. I argue that this discrepancy is due to three main factors: the preponderance of historians of Europe and North America in history departments in the English-speaking world; the limited crossover market for serious biographies of Arab subjects; and difficulties arising from access to, and the style of, the Arabic sources. A fragment from the life-story of Fawzi al-Qawuqji, an early-20th-century Arab nationalist and soldier, is introduced as a way of pointing to the challenges of using Arabic memoirs to craft a biographical narrative in English.
Time-Interval Measurement of Stuttering: Establishing and Modifying Judgment Accuracy

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to determine whether accuracy training for interval judgments of stuttering might generalize to increased accuracy and/or interjudge agreement for intervals other than those used during training. Ten upper-division speech-language pathology students judged 5-s audiovisually recorded speech intervals as stuttered or nonstuttered in a series of group and single-subject experiments. Judgment accuracy was determined with respect to judgments provided previously by 10 recognized authorities on stuttering and its treatment. Training occurred within single-subject experiments that used multiple baselines across speakers and repeated generalization probes to assess training effects. Results showed that judgment accuracy tended to increase after training for speakers used during the training process as well as for unfamiliar speakers. Results also replicated previous findings of slight increases in interjudge and intrajudge agreement after interval-judgment training. The implications of these results for developing a valid and reliable stuttering measurement system are discussed.
St. Ambrose - The one thousand six hundered Year Anniversary of his Death

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Slijedeci strukturu pisma pape Ivana Pavla II, koje je objavljeno prigodom tisucusestote obljentice smrti sv. Ambrozija u clanku se donose osnovni podaci o Ambrozhijevu životu, spisima, pastoralnom i socijalnom djelovanju. Rimljanin podrijetlom, a rođen u Trijeru, glavninu svoga života i djelovanja proveo je u Milanu, isprva kao visoki državni dužnosnik a potom kao biskup. Njegovu pastoralnu djelatnost obilježila je borba protiv arijanske hereze. Znacajno je njegovo politicko-socijalno djelovanja, a posebno je istaknut njegov odnos prema caru Teodoziju. Ambrozije je znacajan i kao ranokrscanski pisac brojnih djela koja se mogu tematski razvrstati u egzegetska, koja su i najbrojnija ; te moralna, dogmatska i pastoralna. U spisima je lako uocljiv utjecaj poganskih i krscanskih pisaca, navlastito Cicerona, Origena, Euzebija i Kapadocana. Premda ne bijase izvoran misliac Ambrozije je vrlo znacajan kao siritelj bogatstva spisa istocnih ranokrscanskih pisaca, cije je ideje prenosio s istancanim osjecajem za pravovjernost nauka i prakticnoscu u primjeni. Jedan je od najvažnijih svjedoka pravovjernosti u zapadnom krscanstvu.
Ammonia as a Fuel for SI Engine

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Ammonia is a potential alternative fuel that was indeed put into use in Belgium in World War II due to the extreme shortage of diesel. It has a high heating value per unit volume (1.16 × 10<sup>7</sup> kJ/m<sup>3</sup>) and its combustion products can be as or more environment-friendly compared to conventional hydrocarbon fuels. This study examined the combustion characteristics of premixed ammonia-air mixtures at atmospheric and elevated conditions which are encountered in SI engine operation. The laminar burning velocity, flame temperature and species distribution were determined using the Lindstedt mechanism in CHEMKIN. A freely propagating flame was assumed to facilitate the investigation. The predicted laminar burning velocity and the flammability limits were compared with experimental values.</div>
Changes in Knowledge and Attitude before and after a Health Education Program among Primary School Teachers Regarding Dental Anxiety in Children

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Introduction : Children are subjected to primary education from a very young age during which they spend quality time with teachers. Hence assessing the knowledge of teachers, with regards to dental anxiety is an essential aspect for health care providers.Purpose : The purpose of the study was to evaluate the knowledge and awareness status before and after a health education program among primary school teachers regarding dental anxiety in children by way of a questionnaire.Methodology : A total of 214 primary school teachers were approached in Chennai for the study purpose. The idea behind the survey was explained in detail, consent obtained and data collection was done. Statistical analysis was performed using’ Z ‘ test as the data was parametric and quantitative in nature.Results : In the knowledge category, the results showed 70.83% improvement after health education and in the attitude category, it showed 90% improvement.Conclusion : Health education tools play a major role in contributing towards increasing the knowledge and attitude and thus can be implemented on a larger scale