jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
How do novice physiotherapists describe their experiences of workplace support?

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This study aimed to explore how the experiences of workplace support contributed to the developing professional confidence, competence, and workplace experience of the novice physiotherapist working in Aotearoa New Zealand. Using a qualitative descriptive methodology, 12 registered physiotherapists who had graduated within the last 5 years and were employed in various settings across Aotearoa New Zealand were recruited. They participated in semi structured interviews, which were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. Three themes described participants’ experiences of support: (a) navigating the transition; (b) building capabilities to achieve professional growth; and (c) fostering relationships in the workplace. The participants valued professional support that helped them navigate the early challenges they encountered as well as various forms of support that assisted them in their career development. Provision of support was hugely varied across settings and employers. Findings from this study may assist novice physiotherapists to gain awareness while navigating their own transition, accessing developmental opportunities, and building connections and competencies as a new practitioner. Additionally, this research could encourage employers to consider how best to support their novice employees.
Enhanced response to music in pregnancy

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract Given a possible effect of estrogen on the pleasure‐mediating dopaminergic system, musical appreciation in participants whose estrogen levels are naturally elevated during the oral contraceptive cycle and pregnancy has been investigated ( n = 32, 15 pregnant, 17 nonpregnant; mean age 27.2). Results show more pronounced blood pressure responses to music in pregnant women. However, estrogen level differences during different phases of oral contraceptive intake did not have any effect, indicating that the observed changes were not related to estrogen. Effects of music on blood pressure were independent of valence, and dissonance elicited the greatest drop in blood pressure. Thus, the enhanced physiological response in pregnant women probably does not reflect a protective mechanism to avoid unpleasantness. Instead, this enhanced response is discussed in terms of a facilitation of prenatal conditioning to acoustical (musical) stimuli.
The Effect of Cigarette Smoke Exposure with Bidara (Sidr) Leaf Powder Biofilter on Glucose Levels and Pancreas Histology in Mice Diabetes Mellitus

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Cigarette smoke free radicals are chemical compounds that are harmful to the health of the body. Diabetics have high levels of oxidative stress due to excess free radicals and lack of antioxidants, so antioxidants are needed to stabilize free radicals in the body. The results of previous studies showed that 0.9 gram bidara (Sidr) leaf powder biofilter was able to capture free radicals in cigarette smoke. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of exposure to cigarette smoke with a biofilter of bidara leaf powder on blood glucose levels and pancreatic histology in diabetic mice. The sample in this study used five treatment groups, previously induced with streptozotocin to become diabetic. Exposure to cigarette smoke was carried out for 3 weeks, every week checking blood sugar. After that the mice were dissected to observe the histology of the pancreas. Statistical results using One way ANOVA showed that there was an effect of exposure to cigarette smoke with a biofilter made from bidara leaf powder on blood glucose levels and pancreatic histology in diabetic mice.
AMPK As a Metabolic Tumor Suppressor: Control of Metabolism and Cell Growth

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

AMPK is an evolutionarily conserved fuel-sensing enzyme that is activated in shortage of energy and suppressed in its surfeit. AMPK activation stimulates fatty acid oxidation, enhances insulin sensitivity, alleviates hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia, and inhibits proinflammatory changes. Thus, AMPK is a well-received therapeutic target for metabolic syndrome and Type 2 diabetes. Recent studies indicate that AMPK plays a role in linking metabolic syndrome and cancer. AMPK is an essential mediator of the tumor suppressor LKB1 and could be suppressed in cancer cells containing loss-of-function mutations of LKB1 or containing active mutations of B-Raf, or in cancers associated with metabolic syndrome. The activation of AMPK reprograms cellular metabolism and enforces metabolic checkpoints by acting on mTORC1, p53, fatty acid synthase and other molecules for regulating cell growth and metabolism. In keeping with in vitro studies, recent epidemiological studies indicate that the incidence of cancer is reduced in Type 2 diabetes treated with metformin, an AMPK activator. Thus, AMPK is emerging as an interesting metabolic tumor suppressor and a promising target for cancer prevention and therapy.
Horizontal and vertical transmission of dengue virus type 2 in highly and lowly susceptible strains of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes.

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Isofemale lines of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes highly and lowly susceptible to dengue type 2 (DEN-2) virus (DEN(h) and DEN(l), respectively) were established by oral feeding and individual rearing. The susceptibility at F13 generation was found to be 61% and 25% for the DEN(h) and DEN(l) line, respectively. The virus-infected mosquito females were allowed to probe on bovine albumin phosphate saline pH 7.2 (BAPS) through membrane feeders. The presence of virus in the probed BAPS was determined either by ELISA or by intrathoracic (i.t.) inoculation of mosquitoes or by both methods. The rate of oral transmission of virus was found to be 2 times higher in the DEN(h) isofemale line than in the DEN(l) one. Similarly, vertical transmission rate of the virus was found to be 7 times higher in the DEN(h) line. When batches of eggs obtained from infected female mosquitoes were allowed to hatch after two months the vertical transmission rate of the virus was very high. It is possible that, at room temperature, the virus gets an opportunity to multiply and increase its copy number in the quiescent embryos. The progeny obtained from the infected mosquitoes was found to be capable of transmitting the virus horizontally when allowed to probe on BAPS through the membrane feeder. This is the first report demonstrating horizontal transmission of DEN-2 virus by mosquitoes infected through vertical transmission. The higher vertical transmission rate of the virus in the progeny obtained from the eggs dessicated for a longer time and the horizontal transmission of the virus from the progeny is of very high epidemiological significance.
Sadhu, Rai Tarak Nath, Bahadur, (1875–14 Jan. 1937), the first Indian Public Prosecutor in the Presidency of Bengal since 1919; Vakil, Calcutta High Court, since 1914; Advocate, Calcutta High Court, since 1926; landowner

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

"Sadhu, Rai Tarak Nath, Bahadur, (1875–14 Jan. 1937), the first Indian Public Prosecutor in the Presidency of Bengal since 1919; Vakil, Calcutta High Court, since 1914; Advocate, Calcutta High Court, since 1926; landowner" published on by Oxford University Press.
Training Data Subdivision and Periodical Rotation in Hybrid Fuzzy Genetics-Based Machine Learning

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We have already proposed an idea of simultaneous implementation of population subdivision and training data set subdivision, which leads to significant decrease in computation time of genetics-based machine learning (GBML) for large data sets. In our idea, a population is subdivided into multiple sub-populations as in island models where subdivided training data are rotated over the sub-populations. In this paper, we focus on the effect of training data rotation on the generalization ability and the computation time of our hybrid fuzzy GBML algorithm. First we show parallel distributed implementation of our hybrid fuzzy GBML algorithm. Then we examine the effect of training data rotation through computational experiments where both single-population (i.e., non-parallel) and multi-population (i.e., parallel) versions of our GBML algorithm are applied to a multi-class high-dimensional problem with a large number of training patterns. Experimental results show that training data rotation improves the generalization ability of our GBML algorithm. It is also shown that the population size is more directly related to the computation time than the training data set size.
Abnormality Detection Method for Wind Turbine Bearings Based on CNN-LSTM

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Wind turbine energy generators operate in a variety of environments and often under harsh operational conditions, which can result in the mechanical failure of wind turbines. In order to ensure the efficient operation of wind turbines, the detection of any abnormality in the mechanics is particularly important. In this paper, a method for detecting abnormalities in the bearings of wind turbine energy generators, based on the cascade deep learning model, is proposed. First, data on the mechanics of wind turbine generators were collected, and the correlation between the data was studied in order to select the parameters related to the bearing temperature. Then, the logical relationship between the observation parameters and the target parameters was established based on a one-dimensional convolutional neural network (CNN) and a long short-term memory (LSTM) network, and the difference between the predicted temperature and the actual temperature was assessed using the root mean square error evaluation model. Finally, a numerical example was used to verify the operational data from a wind farm unit in northwest China. The results show that the CNN-LSTM model proposed in this paper can detect abnormalities earlier in the state of the main bearing than the LSTM model, and the CNN-LSTM model can detect abnormalities in the main bearing that the LSTM network cannot find.
Practice patterns in longitudinal lupus care provision: patient and physician perspectives

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background/purpose To plan a quality improvement project, we need to understand the practice patterns of physicians. We undertook an online survey of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients and physicians providing care to SLE patients to determine the patterns of medical care provided to SLE patients. Materials and methods Two self-report surveys were developed. A 12-item survey for the patients and a 13-item survey for physicians enquired about longitudinal care for SLE. Surveys were administered online to physicians providing care to SLE patients, and to patients who self-identified as having SLE, through the Lupus Society of Illinois. Patient and physician data were analyzed for physician practice patterns for SLE care, using chi square tests and t tests. A P value of 0.05 or less was considered significant on two-tailed tests. Results A total of 283 patients completed the survey. Mean (SD) age and disease duration of patients were 45.9 (13.2) and 12.7 (9.7) years. Half of the participants were being seen at 3–4-month intervals. More than 70% of patients reported being tested for antinuclear antibody (ANA), and 20–30% anti-ENA antibody and Sjögren’s (SSA/SSB) antibodies, respectively, at each follow-up visit. Eighty-six rheumatologists completed the surveys. Mean (SD) age was 55 (12) years and 56% were men. More than half (54%) provided care only in a private practice setting. More than 80% of physicians reported seeing their SLE patients at 3–4-month interval. Only 2% reported performing ANA tests at each visit, while 4–5% performed anti-ENA and anti-SSA/SSB antibody tests at each visit for their SLE patients. More than 75% of physicians in private practice also ordered sedimentation rate at each visit for their SLE patients. Conclusions Unnecessary laboratory investigations may be being ordered routinely for patients at every visit. These results indicate a need for physician education on indications and utility of some of the laboratory tests such as ANA.
Atlantic capelin (Mallotus villosus) tetranucleotide microsatellites

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Twelve microsatellite loci developed for Atlantic capelin ( Mallotus villosus ) using magnetic bead hybridization enrichment for tetranucleotide microsatellites revealed five loci composed of single repeat elements and six composed of complex repeats. Forty‐four beach‐spawning females from three different northwestern Atlantic Newfoundland beach‐spawning populations were screened at each locus. Loci were polymorphic (two to 59 alleles per locus) and all but two exhibited high heterozygosity (0.86–1). The loci are considered suitable for addressing questions related to fine‐scale population structure, spawning fidelity and survivorship/kinship issues.
Lithuanian results from the monitoring of pesticide residues in food

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

This dataset contains the analytical results of pesticide residues measured in the food products analysed by the national competent authorities. Pesticide residues resulting from the use of plant protection products on crops that are used for food or feed production may pose a risk factor for public health. For this reason, a comprehensive legislative framework has been established in the European Union (EU), which defines rules for the approval of active substances used in plant protection products, the use of plant protection products and for pesticide residues in food. In order to ensure a high level of consumer protection, legal limits, so called “maximum residue levels” or briefly “MRLs”, are established in Regulation (EC) No 396/2005. EU-harmonised MRLs are set for all pesticides covering all types of food products. A default MRL of 0.01 mg/kg is applicable for pesticides not explicitly mentioned in the MRL legislation. Regulation (EC) No 396/2005 imposes on Member States the obligation to carry out controls to ensure that food placed on the market is compliant with the legal limits. A sample is considered free of quantifiable residues if the analytes were not present in concentrations at or above the limit of quantification (LOQ). The LOQ is the smallest concentration of an analyte that can be quantified with the analytical method used to analyse the sample. It is commonly defined as the minimum concentration of the analyte in the test sample that can be determined with acceptable precision and accuracy. If a sample is contains quantifiable residues but within the legally permitted limit (maximum residue level, MRL), it is described as a sample with quantified residue levels within the legal limits (below or at the MRL) A sample is considered non-compliant with the legal limit (MRL), if the measured residue concentrations clearly exceed the legal limits, taking into account the measurement uncertainty. It is current practice that the uncertainty of the analytical measurement is taken into account before legal or administrative sanctions are imposed on food business operators for infringement of the MRL legislation. REPORTING AUTHORITIES CONTRIBUTING TO EACH DATA COLLECTION: MOPER_2016 – National Food and Veterinary Risk Assessment Institute MOPER_2017 – National Food and Veterinary Risk Assessment Institute We are seeking feedback on our open data please complete the survey at the link below:
https://ec.europa.eu/eusurvey/runner/9344dfa0-f384-cb72-65f6-6c187a6d0f14
Improved method for separation on CM-cellulose of the trypomastigote form of Trypanosoma cruzi from forms grown in fibroblast cell cultures.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Trypomastigotes grown in fibroblast cell (L-cell) culture were more effectively and more rapidly separated from other cells on a CM-cellulose column with culture medium (MEM with 10% calf serum) for elution instead of phosphate-saline-glucose buffer (PSG). This effective separation was shown to be due to the presence of serum. Trypomastigotes weakly adhered to CM-cellulose resin by the tip of the body (mainly the flagellar tip) when they were suspended with CM-cellulose resin in PSG. Serum seemed to disturb the adhesion of trypomastigotes to the resin, but not the adhesion of amastigotes and fibroblast cells. Therefore, only trypomastigotes were rapidly eluted from a CM-cellulose column in the presence of serum.
Compressive Dual Photography

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The accurate measurement of the light transport characteristics of a complex scene is an important goal in computer graphics and has applications in relighting and dual photography. However, since the light transport data sets are typically very large, much of the previous research has focused on adaptive algorithms that capture them efficiently. In this work, we propose a novel, non‐adaptive algorithm that takes advantage of the compressibility of the light transport signal in a transform domain to capture it with less acquisitions than with standard approaches. To do this, we leverage recent work in the area of compressed sensing, where a signal is reconstructed from a few samples assuming that it is sparse in a transform domain. We demonstrate our approach by performing dual photography and relighting by using a much smaller number of acquisitions than would normally be needed. Because our algorithm is not adaptive, it is also simpler to implement than many of the current approaches.
Radiological landmarks for placement of the tunnels in single-bundle reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

There is little evidence examining the relationship between anatomical landmarks, radiological placement of the tunnels and long-term clinical outcomes following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. The aim of this study was to investigate the reproducibility of intra-operative landmarks for placement of the tunnels in single-bundle reconstruction of the ACL using four-strand hamstring tendon autografts. Isolated reconstruction of the ACL was performed in 200 patients, who were followed prospectively for seven years with use of the International Knee Documentation Committee forms and radiographs. Taking 0% as the anterior and 100% as the posterior extent, the femoral tunnel was a mean of 86% (sd 5) along Blumensaat’s line and the tibial tunnel was 48% (sd 5) along the tibial plateau. Taking 0% as the medial and 100% as the lateral extent, the tibial tunnel was 46% (sd 3) across the tibial plateau and the mean inclination of the graft in the coronal plane was 19° (sd 5.5). The use of intra-operative landmarks resulted in reproducible placement of the tunnels and an excellent clinical outcome seven years after operation. Vertical inclination was associated with increased rotational instability and degenerative radiological changes, while rupture of the graft was associated with posterior placement of the tibial tunnel. If the osseous tunnels are correctly placed, single-bundle reconstruction of the ACL adequately controls both anteroposterior and rotational instability.
Anti‐cancer agent OK432 induces manganese superoxide dismutase in human granulocytes

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) is a mitochondrial enzyme involved in scavenging O2-.OK432, a Streptococcal preparation, has anti-tumor activity and is also known to be a biological-response modifier. In this study, we have examined the regulation of MnSOD gene by OK432 in human granulocytes. Granulocytes had a low activity of MnSOD; OK432 increased MnSOD mRNA levels in a dose-dependent manner and its activity in granulocytes. OK432 also induced the MnSOD mRNA in HL60 promyelocytes, while not affecting the levels of MnSOD mRNA in human fibroblasts. Pre-treatment with either actinomycin D or cycloheximide inhibited the induction of MnSOD mRNA by OK432. OK432 increased the levels of interleukin-I (IL-I) and tumor-necrosis-factor-α (TNFα) mRNA in granulocytes. Furthermore, the induction of MnSOD mRNA by OK432 was blocked by anti-IL-I antibody but not by anti-TNF antibody. These results suggest that the induction of MnSOD mRNA by OK432 is regulated at the transcriptional level, and OK432 induces MnSOD mRNA, at least in part, through production of IL-I in granulocytes. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
A quantitative assessment of lung cancer risk and occupational cadmium exposure.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We have performed a quantitative assessment of the risk of lung cancer from exposure to cadmium based on a retrospective cohort mortality study of cadmium-exposed workers. The findings were analysed using a life-table analysis to estimate standardized mortality ratios (SMRs), and various functional forms of Poisson and Cox proportionate hazards models to examine dose-response relationships. An excess mortality from lung cancer was observed for the entire cohort (SMR = 149,95% CI = 95-222). Lung cancer mortality was significantly elevated among non-hispanic workers, among those in the highest cadmium-exposure group, and among workers with 20 or more years since first exposure. A statistically significant dose-response relationship was evident in nearly all of the regression analyses. Based on our analyses, the lifetime excess lung cancer risk at the current OSHA standard for cadmium fumes of 100 micrograms/m3 is approximately 50-111 lung cancer deaths per 1000 workers exposed to cadmium for 45 years.
Evidence of developmental niche construction in dung beetles: effects on growth, scaling and reproductive success

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Niche construction occurs when organisms modify their environments and alter selective conditions through their physiology and behaviours. Such modifications can bias phenotypic variation and enhance organism–environment fit. Yet few studies exist that experimentally assess the degree to which environmental modifications shape developmental and fitness outcomes, how their influences may differ among species and identify the underlying proximate mechanisms. Here, we experimentally eliminate environmental modifications from the developmental environment of Onthophagus dung beetles. We show that these modifications (1) differentially influence growth among species, (2) consistently shape scaling relationships in fitness‐related traits, (3) are necessary for the maintenance of sexual dimorphism, (4) influence reproductive success among females of at least one species and (5) implicate larval cultivation of an external rumen as a possible mechanism for environmental modification. Our results present evidence that Onthophagus larvae engage in niche construction, and that this is a fundamental component of beetle development and fitness.
EXAMINING THE LINK BETWEEN JUVENILE IDENTITY THEFT AND THE RISING DEMAND FOR PRIVATE SECURITY SERVICES

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study examines the expanding relationship between the need for private protection services and juvenile identity theft. The investigation uses regular activity theory to explore how motivated criminals take advantage of technological weaknesses without effective guardianship. The study emphasizes how common juvenile cybercrime is, how it affects victims, and how it affects commercial security companies, identity theft committed by juveniles, and private security services. In addition to discussing trends in juvenile cybercrime, variables that influence their participation, and how these crimes fuel the need for cutting-edge security solutions, this research examines peer-reviewed literature.