jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Differential Impact of a Telomeropathy-causing Mutation in Shelterin Protein TPP1 on Mouse Hematopoiesis and Germline

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Chromosome ends face two problems: the end-protection (end-to-end fusions) and the end-replication (progressive telomere shortening) problems. The protein complex shelterin binds to the telomeric DNA repeats at chromosome ends to protect them from illicit end joining and other unwanted recombination or resection events. The ribonucleoprotein complex telomerase extends chromosome ends in somatic and germline stem cells to overcome the end-replication problem and ensure continued proliferation. Mutations in genes important for telomerase and/or shelterin function often result in diseases termed telomeropathies, the most prominent example of which being dyskeratosis congenita (DC). Severe shortening of telomeres in patients with DC results in depletion of stem cells and bone marrow (BM) failure, the primary cause of death. TPP1 is the only shelterin component known to both protect chromosome ends and recruit telomerase to telomeres. We have previously defined regions of TPP1 that are critical for recruiting telomerase and characterized the consequences of a patient-derived DC mutation in TPP1 (K170Δ) resulting in decreased telomerase activity, impaired recruitment, and short telomeres in cultured human cells. While these studies provide a direct cause-effect relationship, they do not provide insights into stem cell dysfunction in vivo. A DC mutation in TPP1 (K170∆) that specifically compromises telomerase recruitment to telomeres is a valuable tool to evaluate telomerase-dependent telomere length maintenance in mice. In this dissertation, I first present work on how we used CRISPR-Cas9 to generate a mouse knocked in for the equivalent of the TPP1 K170∆ mutation (TPP1 K82∆) and investigated both its hematopoietic (Chapter 2) and germline (Chapter 3) compartments in unprecedented detail. TPP1 K82∆ caused progressive telomere erosion with increasing generation number but did not induce steady-state hematopoietic defects. Strikingly, K82∆ caused mouse infertility, consistent with gross morphological defects in the testis and sperm, the appearance of dysfunctional seminiferous tubules, and a decrease in germ cells. Intriguingly, both TPP1 K82∆ mice and previously characterized telomerase knockout mice show no spontaneous BM failure but rather succumb to infertility at steady-state. Our work suggests a species-specific sensitivity in the germline rather than the soma in mice, which is reversed in human patients with this disease. We speculate that the species-specific differences in the response to severe telomere shortening arises from the distinct proliferation burdens on the mouse and human, soma and germline. Small and short-lived species like mice may boost germline proliferation to increase gamete production and maximize the number of offspring produced in a lifetime, while large and long-lived species like humans prioritize somatic development to survive to the age of reproduction (and nurturing) to produce fewer, but healthy, offspring.
Self-rated health: caught in the crossfire of the quest for 'true' health?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

2][3] The studies published in this issue follow in the footsteps of Burstrom and Fredlund 4 and Van Doorslaer and Gerdtham 5 who found that the association of SRH with mortality does not differ by either occupational group or income in Sweden.However, the similarities end there, as all the studies presented here found some evidence for a modifying effect of socio-economic status (SES) on the relationship between SRH and mortality, albeit with gradients in sometimes opposite directions.Mixed findings such as these could be-misleadingly-taken as evidence that SRH is not a reliable measure of health for the study of social inequalities in health; instead, in this editorial, I will show how these differences provide fruitful insights for understanding how individuals assess their own health and thus point the way towards a need for more research designed to test these specific hypotheses. Is SRH a good predictor of mortality?Before examining where these studies intersect and diverge from one another, we must replace their enquiry in its broader context.These studies indeed extend a 25-year-old stream of research that attempts to quantify the predictive validity of a single item question of SRH for 'true' health by associating it with subsequent mortality.With few exceptions, this line of research found that SRH had strong predictive power for subsequent mortality. 6,7In fact, a recent meta-analysis quantified the relative risk of mortality as 1. 92 [1.64, 2.25] for those reporting 'poor' rather than 'excellent' health status. 8he studies in this issue take this line of enquiry further to ask whether this relationship is robust to modifying effects from individuals' socio-economic status.According to Burstrom and Fredlund, 4 this concern emerged notably in response to research from developing countries showing lower reports of
A Study on Rural BPL Households' Perception Towards Financial Inclusion Schemes

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The chapter aims to study the respondents' perceptions regarding financial inclusion schemes launched by the government of India. The provision of financial services at affordable prices to significant portions of economically underprivileged and low-income populations is known as financial inclusion. The union government and central banks worldwide have made financial inclusion their main priority to promote inclusive growth. It is crucial to look at respondents' opinions of different financial inclusion programs because doing so will pave the way for improving financial services. The study found that the perception level of PM-Jan Dhan Yojana and PM-Jan Arogya Yojana is more assessable and affordable; however, PM-Mudra Yojana and PM-Jan Arogya Yojana are adequate in both states.
The Desire to Communicate: Reconsidering John Ashbery and the Visual Arts

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Contents: An Overview of Critical Opinion on the Influence of the Visual Arts upon John Ashbery's Poetry - As a Painting, so Also a Poem? A Close Reading of And Ut Pictura Poesis Is Her Name. - Early Twentieth Century Art and the Work of John Ashbery - Modernist Painting and Ashbery's The Painter - The Poem as Autonomous Literary Construct - Marcel Duchamp and John Ashbery - Poetics of Imitation and Reconciliation.
The Sensory Equilibrium Principle: Neural Compensation in Visual and Auditory Impairment

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

I propose the Sensory Equilibrium Principle: humans maintain optimal sensory processing capacity through neural compensation. When one sensory modality is impaired, neuroplastic mechanisms enhance remaining modalities to preserve total sensory efficiency. This work demonstrates this principle through analysis of blind and deaf individuals’ enhanced perceptual abilities.
Axially symmetric exponential metric

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We present a new family of vacuum axially symmetric static solutions to Einstein’s field equations. This solution is a geometrically modified version of the Yilmaz exponential metric (YEM) which has recently been shown to represent a traversable wormhole. This vacuum solution is a one-parameter static singular solution with its singularity located at r=0. Furthermore, it is shown that both the YEM and its geometrically modified version, introduced in this work i.e., the Axially Symmetric Exponential metric (ASEM) belong to a general 2-parameter class of solutions supported by an anisotropic fluid. Depending on the parameters the generic energy–momentum tensor represents either an exotic or a normal fluid. Concerning the ASEM, the circular stable orbit does not exist for a null particle, however, for a massive particle such orbit exists provided its radius is larger than a minimum radius. This is in analogy with the Schwarzschild black hole as well as the YEM.
Serotonin and Gut Motility

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

dren over 7 who have life-long nocturnal enuresis.without symptoms of emotional disturbance.We encountered the following snags even then:1.The child slept so heavily that the buzzer failed to wake him.2. The child woke and lay screaming, apparently too frightened to move or turn off the bell, or became too frightened to use the hell after one or two tries.3. The child was difficult about using the
O homem que muito foi: Pessoa segundo Zenith

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

For decades, the image of Fernando Pessoa has prevailed as “the man who never was”, whose creations would have so eclipsed the creator that consideration of his worldly experience would be superfluous. One of the recent works to focus on his life, Pessoa – A Biography, by Richard Zenith, represents a monumental effort to undo this image, conferring an unprecedented carnality to the Portuguese writer. This review seeks to present some of the main thrusts of this extensive volume, as well as to deepen the reflection on the biographical genre, no less subject to History than to fiction.
CHARACTERIZATION OF TWO MAJOR FAMILIES OF FIBRINOGENOLYTIC PROTEASES FROM THE VENOM OF TAIWAN HABU WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THEIR MEDICAL APPLICATIONS

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Venoms from various snake species alter the haemostatic and blood coagulation systems of human victims or experimental animals in a complex manner. Different venoms contain multiple components that behave as pro- or anticoagulants, which directly (or indirectly) induce or inhibit fibrinogen and/or platelet aggregation and related complex biochemical processes, resulting in common clinical complications of blood clotting or uncontrolled hemorrhage by envenomation of snakebites. Two major families of venom proteases with fibrinogenolytic activity have been isolated and characterized from the venom of Taiwan habu (Trimeresurus mucrosquamatus), one major crotalid snake species in Taiwan. In this account we will review the structures of one venom metalloproteinase and its complex with the endogenous peptide inhibitors as revealed by X-ray crystallography. We will also report another kallikrein-like protease family with strong β-fibrinogenolytic activities in vitro and hypotensive activity in vivo. It is deemed necessary and essential to isolate these venom enzymes that are responsible for the fibrinogen-degrading activities that destroy the precursor fibrinogen molecules with the result of excluding the formation of fibrin clot in blood plasma. The structural work by crystallographic studies of these proteases may provide some insights into the rational design of thrombolytic or antihypertension drugs that bind to the active sites of these clinically useful venom proteases.
Lactalbumin as a Protein Supplement for Growing Chickens

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

INFORMATION gained from chick feeding trials with various protein concentrates is of immediate practical importance to poultrymen. Knowledge of the relative growth-promoting properties of the commercial protein materials, individually as well as in combination, is useful in formulating the most economical and efficient ration under any particular set of conditions. From time to time there become available commercially new high-protein products which may be useful in poultry feeding. Actual feeding tests under controlled conditions are desirable before acceptance or rejection of such products by poultrymen. A commercial grade of lactalbumin is now available which has a protein content of about 40 percent and an ash content of about 30 percent. This protein concentrate would be useful in poultry rations if it should prove to contain protein of good quality and mineral content that is not harmful. Lactalbumin itself has been recognized as a protein of high nutritive value since the . . .
MEASURING THE HEALTH OF UKRAINE’S ECONOMY USING FUZZY LOGIC

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

An important component of public economic management is to achieve a balance between the various targets of public policy and the formation of a healthy economy. A healthy economy is the basis for stable economic growth and a buffer to minimize the negative impact of external risks. The purpose of the article is to assess the “health” of Ukraine’s economy in the dynamics and in comparison with European countries. The authors used two approaches to assessing the health of the economy, namely: the Maastricht criteria (including inflation, deficit, government debt, exchange rate and long-term interest rates) and the approach of K. Collins (based on inflation, unemployment and GDP per capita). The authors assessed the health of the economy of Ukraine and EU countries for the period 2003–2020 using the fuzzy logic method, which is implemented in the MATLAB application package. Both models indicate that the most threatening situation in Ukraine was in 2008 and 2014–2015. This is completely true, because it was then that the Ukrainian economy was experiencing periods of crisis. At the same time, the best indicators of the health of the Ukrainian economy were in 2003, 2005, 2011, 2018–2019. According to both approaches, the economy of Ukraine throughout the study period can be described as “sick”, although not catastrophic. This means that even minor deteriorations in public debt, budget deficits, and the national currency exchange rate can have significant negative consequences that will be very difficult for the economy to overcome. A comparative analysis with EU countries showed that Ukraine’s economy is in a worse state compared to European countries throughout the study period. The article systematizes the types of negative economic effects due to the coronavirus crisis, namely: loss of GDP; disability and treatment costs; disability losses due to illness lasting from 3 weeks or more; losses of the economy from quarantine restrictions. Given that Ukraine’s economy is in a state of “sickness”, economic losses in the event of a continuation of the coronavirus crisis could become catastrophic and provoke a sharp deterioration in the economy.
Audits and inspections of pharmacovigilance systems in Russia

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The implementation of pharmacovigilance activities is impossible in isolation from compliance with the quality requirements of medicines and the activities of pharmaceutical and medical organizations throughout the pharmaceutical practice, as well as without access to sales plans, sales results and full relevance of information on drug conditions in all markets and in all cases of application. Properly conducted audit or inspection evaluation of the pharmacovigilance system makes it possible to identify and prevent drug safety problems at all stages of its life cycle. The aim. Development of a risk-based strategy for planning and passing audits and inspections of the pharmacovigilance system for the subsequent creation of effective programs for assessing the pharmacovigilance system on its basis. Material and methods. The study used structurallogical, empirical methods, general logical methods of scientific knowledge, methods of generalization and extrapolation. Results. The plans and results of audits and inspections of pharmacovigilance systems of Russian and foreign pharmaceutical organizations and their pharmacovigilance vendors were analyzed. A risk-based strategy and a checklist for planning internal and external audits of pharmacovigilance systems of Russian pharmaceutical organizations and their vendors for pharmacovigilance have been developed and recommendations for training internal auditors of pharmacovigilance systems and audit teams have been developed for them. Conclusion. Risk assessment indicators adapted for Russia have been developed, according to which Russian pharmaceutical organizations and their pharmacovigilance vendors can assess the likelihood of the risk of priority inclusion in the plan of Russian inspections of pharmacovigilance systems for compliance with the requirements of the good pharmacovigilance practice of the Eurasian Economic Union. Recommendations were prepared for the executive management and pharmacovigilance specialists of Russian pharmaceutical organizations in terms of assessing regulatory risks for the quality system of the pharmacovigilance system, planning and conducting audits; evaluating the relationship of pharmacovigilance with other good practices and with information from the plans and results of the organization as a whole. The indicators adapted for Russia for assessing the compliance of the pharmacovigilance system with the rules of the NPF EAEU are given.
Assessing the Accuracy of Mixture Model Regression Calculations

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

AbstractThe Scheffé and Becker models for mixture systems present special computing problems because neither of these models contains a constant term. Scientists may find that the associated least-squares calculations are inaccurate because of computer roundoff errors or, worse yet, that the available regression program does not have the capability of fitting a zero-intercept model. It is shown that these two problems can be circumvented by dropping one of the linear terms from the model and replacing it with a constant term. The resulting intercept model produces all the coefficients, predictions and significance tests appropriate to the Scheffé or Becker models. Methods for detecting roundoff error are discussed and recommendations concerning preferred computing procedures are included. Examples illustrating the effectiveness of the proposed methodology are presented.KeywordsBlendingComputer Roundoff ErrorMixture ModelsMulticollinearityNumerical AccuracyRegression CalculationsVariance Inflation Factor Additional informationNotes on contributorsRonald D. SneeDr. Snee is the Consultant Supervisor in the Applied Statistics Group. He is a Senior Member of ASQC.Arthur A. RaynerDr. Rayner is Department Chairman and Professor of Statistics and Biometry.
EMG MEASURES OF FRONTALIS MUSCLE TENSION FOR SEXUALLY SATISFIED AND SEXUALLY DISSATISFIED FEMALES

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

In recent years biofeedback has proven to be of value in manyrespects. The electromyograph (EMG) has been used in diagnostics as well as in muscle training for people with nerve damage involving various muscle groups. EMG has also been found an effective and expeditious therapy for muscle tension headaches. This particular use of EMG re­ quires placing electrodes on a person's forehead. In the course of treatment he becomes more aware of the level of tension in the forehead muscle (frontalis) and learns how to regulate its level of tension. Etontalis EMG training has been shown to be more effective than various forms of relaxation training in increasing one's awareness of muscle tension and ability to regulate it. The similarity of the prin­ cipal components of frontalis EMG training and the technique of sensate focus (used in sex therapy, where a person's awareness and comfortable use of their sense of touch is facilitated) leads to the question: Can frontalis EMG training be a valuable part of sex therapy? Before such a question can be answered it is necessary to explore some preliminary questions. A principal question, and that investigated in this study, is: Do sexually satisfied and sexually dissatisfied females have differ­ ent levels of frontalis EMG? If so, EMG training could be a particularly valuable dimension of sex therapy. Using the Sexual Interaction Inventory (SII) and a woman's selfrating of level of sexual satisfaction, twelve sexually satisfied and
Progress on the production and antiviral functions of different subtypes of interferon type I

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

IFN因其具有抗病毒作用而命名,并根据其产生、细胞受体、应答途径和效应的不同而分为Ⅰ型IFN和Ⅱ型IFN.其中,Ⅰ型IFN是机体对抗病毒感染的关键因素,该文对近年来Ⅰ型IFN不同亚型的产生和抗病毒作用的研究进展作了综述。
Preoperative and Postoperative PROMIS and FFI Scores Based on Region of Foot Pathology and Surgery

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Category: Other; Ankle; Ankle Arthritis; Bunion; Hindfoot; Lesser Toes; Midfoot/Forefoot Introduction/Purpose: The Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Instrumentation System (PROMIS) has become increasingly utilized in orthopaedic foot and ankle surgery to assess outcomes and better understand patient function, pain, and disability. Similarly, the Foot Function Index (FFI) is used to assess pain, disability, and activity limitation. PROMIS scores have been shown to predict, preoperatively, which patients will benefit most from foot and ankle surgery from a general perspective. It is currently unknown, with regard to chronic foot pathology, which region of the foot has the greatest effect on PROMIS and FFI scores and which region is affected the most by surgical intervention. Methods: PROMIS physical function, pain index, and depression scores along with FFI scoring subsets of pain, disability, and activity limitation were retrospectively reviewed for patients at a tertiary referral center with chronic pathology in either the hindfoot, midfoot, or forefoot that underwent surgery. Scores were obtained preoperatively and at 6 weeks postoperatively, and a preoperative to postoperative difference was calculated. Once the mean of each subcategory was obtained, an analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted in order to compare the means and identify statistically significant differences. Significance was set at p < 0.05 and p < 0.10. Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the mean preoperative PROMIS or FFI scores in the forefoot, midfoot, or hindfoot regions. There was also no statistically significant difference between means of PROMIS or FFI categories at 6 weeks postoperatively. However, the mean pre- to postoperative differences between PROMIS physical function scores of the forefoot, midfoot, and hindfoot were statistically significantly different at 9.12, 8.16, and 2.88, respectively (p=0.037). There was no statistically significant difference between the remaining scoring categories. Conclusion: Physical function, pain, depression, disability, and activity limitation are not affected disparately by the location of chronic pathology within the foot. Surgical intervention for problems in the forefoot, midfoot, and hindfoot does not provide differences in outcomes with regard to pain, disability, depression, or activity limitation based on region. Patients who have undergone surgical intervention for forefoot or midfoot pathology may experience greater improvements in physical function postoperatively when compared to patients who have undergone hindfoot surgery. [Table: see text]