jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Lucca and its Territories in the Fifteenth Century: Economy and Society

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

It has sometimes been argued that the larger regional formations of the 15th century resulted in greater market integration. It is a contentious argument, and one that is difficult to apply to Lucca—precisely because Lucca never made the political transformation on which the argument is based. In so far as the thesis contains an implicit comparison between city‐ and regional state, 15th‐century Lucca fits quite neatly into the conventional image of the former. Laws continued to be passed that banned all artisanal and retail activity in the Sei Miglia. Legislation was less restrictive with regard to some of the small towns in the vicariates. But here, too, state policy aimed to confine rural manufacture to the production of goods and necessities for local peasant consumption—a fact that the chapter has tried to reconcile with the manufacture of quality goods for export that was actually taking place in some of the larger centres. The chapter ends with a social history of the vicariates; an examination of mountain civilization; and with a reassessment of community identity even amongst villagers of the Lucchese plain.
EKC Analysis of Three Industrial Wastes of Five Provinces in Northwest China

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Environmental pollution control has been one of the hot spots in academia, and industrial waste is the main source of environmental pollution. The environmental Kutznitz curve can well measure the relationship between industrial wastes and economic growth. The paper fits the EKC model of industrial wastes data from 1995 to 2016 in five provinces of Northwest China, verifies the existence of short-term EKC, and points out that the five northwest provinces should grasp the opportunity of supply-side reform, optimize the industrial structure, and reduce the negative impact on the resources and environment while increasing the gross domestic product.
Comparative education research framed by neo-institutional theory: a review of diverse approaches and conflicting assumptions

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The rise in globalisation studies in comparative education places neo-institutional theory at the centre of many debates among comparative education researchers. However, uncertainty about how to interpret neo-institutional theory still persists among educational comparativists. With this uncertainty comes misinterpretation of its principles, variations and explanatory power. Two problematic misconceptions prevail: (1) the belief that the 'world culture' strand is the only version of neo-institutional theory applicable to comparative education research; and (2) the assumption that the global homogenisation of society, culture and schooling is a goal of researchers applying neo-institutional theory to comparative education phenomena. This article addresses these misconceptions, elucidating neo-institutional theory and its applicability to comparative education research. Our findings suggest that neo-institutional frameworks for comparative education research are useful, but that complementary approaches and methods are also necessary.
Spinal cord injury.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Continued investigation of the pathophysiology of primary and secondary neuronal injury following acute spinal cord injury (SCI) has led to positive results in two medical treatment protocols: methylprednisolone and GM1 ganglioside. The advent of improved high resolution radiologic studies has allowed a new dimension in the understanding of the physical and pathomechanical aspects of acute SCI. Advances in rehabilitation continue, allowing improved prognosis and long-term function. Prevention is clearly the best and most effective treatment of all.
Raman spectroscopic analysis of the carotenoid concentration in egg yolks depending on the feeding and housing conditions of the laying hens

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Resonance Raman spectroscopic measurements are suited to analyze the concentration of carotenoid antioxidants in biological samples. Previously, it has been shown that the carotenoid concentration of nutritional egg yolks has a direct influence on the carotenoid content of human skin in vivo. In the present study, resonance Raman spectroscopy was used to analyze the carotenoid concentration in the yolks of hen eggs, which were housed in battery cages or alternatively on free‐range grassland. The egg yolks of hens, which had access to grassland, contained approximately double the amount of carotenoid concentration than the egg yolks of hens housed in battery cages ( p < 0.001). The kinetics of the carotenoid concentration in the egg yolks, depending on fodder, housing and weather conditions, were investigated. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Effect of rearing systems on meat quality characteristics of beltsville small white Turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) meat

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The study was conducted to determine the effect rearing systems (Intensive system - full confinement), semi intensive system - partial confinement and partial day scavenging and free range system – all day scavenging) on meat quality characteristics and sensory acceptability of Beltsville Small White turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) meat. Significantly (p>0.05) better pH, water holding capacity, cooking loss, and fragmentation index values were observed in Beltsville Small White turkey meat reared under intensive system of management followed by semi intensive system and free range system of management. Non significantly lower drip loss was observed in Beltsville Small White turkey meat reared under intensive system of management. Significantly (p>0.05) higher moisture and lower fat and non significantly higher protein contents were observed in Beltsville Small White turkey meat reared under intensive system of management. Sensory attributes scores of the turkey meat were significantly (p>0.05) higher for Beltsville Small White turkeys reared under intensive systems of management except flavor scores. Thus, it can be concluded that, intensive system of management is more suitable for production of highly acceptable meat from Beltsville Small White turkey with better physico – chemical properties.
Effect of bismuth subcitrate and sucralfate on rat duodenal and human gastric bicarbonate secretion in vivo.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Acid and alkali secretion have been examined together with prostaglandin E2 production in response to two mucosal protective drugs, colloidal bismuth subcitrate and sucralfate. Doses of colloidal bismuth subcitrate in the therapeutic range (120 and 1200 mg) had no effect on alkali secretion or luminal PGE2 output when perfused into the stomach of human volunteers. Similarly, in the anaesthetised rat, neither gastric acid nor duodenal alkali secretions were influenced by iv (12 mg/kg) or topical (120 mg/ml) administration of colloidal bismuth subcitrate. In contrast, perfusion of the human stomach with 1 g sucralfate stimulated bicarbonate output by 50%, a response which was unaffected by indomethacin (25 mg/h). A rise of 64% in gastric PGE2 output after sucralfate was, however, prevented by indomethacin pretreatment. Alkali secretion by rat duodenum was also increased by sucralfate but the response depended on the basal secretory rate. Low basal secretors (less than 3 mumol) showed a 75% stimulation whereas rats with high basal secretory rates (greater than 3 mumol) showed no significant response. All duodenal preparations regardless of basal secretory rate showed a stimulation of bicarbonate output with topical PGE2. The results suggest that enhancement of gastroduodenal bicarbonate secretion may play a role in the protective action of sucralfate but is unlikely to explain mucosal protection by colloidal bismuth subcitrate.
Dopamine involvement in the migraine attack.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Clinical evidence and recent genetic findings seem to indicate an involvement of dopamine in the pathophysiology of the migraine attack. Prodromal symptomatology (mood changes, yawning, drowsiness, food craving), accompanying symptoms (nausea, vomiting, hypotension) and postdromal symptoms (mood changes, drowsiness, tiredness) may be related to dopaminergic activation. The dopaminergic system could also play a role in the headache phase, either by taking part in nociception mechanisms, or by regulating cerebral blood flow. A body of pharmacological findings seems to support this involvement. Migraine patients, between attacks, show a higher responsiveness to acute administration of dopaminergic agents. Apomorphine administration induces in migraineurs more yawns as well other dopaminergic symptoms e.g. nausea, vomiting, dizziness. Migraine has been associated with hypotension and, occasionally, with syncope. Bromocriptine causes severe orthostatic syndrome in migraine patients. Both piribedil and apomorphine markedly increase cerebral blood flow of migraine patients, thus indicating enhanced responsiveness of dopamine receptors which are involved in cerebral blood flow regulation. Interictal dopaminergic hypersensitivity has also been demonstrated by means of neuroendocrine tests. Altered dopaminergic control of prolactin secretion exists in migrainous women. L-deprenyl, a MAO-B inhibitor, is significantly more effective in reducing prolactin levels in migraineurs than in controls. Taken together, these findings support the view that hypersensitivity of peripheral and central dopaminergic receptors is a specific migraine trait. Finally, a high density of lymphocytic D5 receptors has been found in migraine sufferers, thus suggesting their upregulation. Therefore, the hypothesis that dopaminergic activation is a primary pathophysiological component in certain subtypes of migraine, namely those characterised by marked dopaminergic symptomatology, has been advanced. From this perspective, a blockade of dopaminergic hyperresponsive receptors can be considered as a rationale for the therapy of migraine.
An investigation into the photochemical reactions of MCp(CO)4 (Cp = η5-C5H5) and M(η5-C9H7)(CO)4 (η5-C9H7 = indenyl; M = Nb or Ta) with CO, H2 and N2 in solution at room temperature

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Time resolved step-scan FTIR spectroscopy (s2-FTIR) has been used to characterise MCp′(CO)3L (Cp′ = Cp or indenyl (η5-C9H7); M = Nb or Ta; L = n-heptane, H2 or N2) in solution at room temperature. TaCp′(CO)4 formed the classical dihydrides, TaCp′(CO)3H2 upon irradiation in n-heptane saturated with H2. However, photolysis of Nb(η5-C9H7)(CO)4 under the same conditions led to the non-classical complex, Nb(η5-C9H7)(CO)3(η2-H2), whereas irradiation of NbCp(CO)4 resulted in both NbCp(CO)3H2 and NbCp(CO)3(η2-H2). Photolysis of MCp′(CO)4 in n-heptane saturated with N2 resulted in formation of MCp′(CO)3(N2) in all cases. No evidence for disubstitution of these complexes was obtained in these s2-FTIR experiments. The rate constants for the reaction of M(η5-C9H7)(CO)3(n-C7H16) with CO, H2 and N2 have been determined. Comparison of these rate constants with those obtained for the analogous cyclopentadienyl complexes showed that the indenyl complexes are more reactive (ca. 10 times). Additionally, the Nb(η5-C9H7)(CO)3(L) (L = η2-H2 or N2) complexes were found to be less stable (ca. 20–30 times) than NbCp(CO)3(L), and Ta(η5-C9H7)(CO)3(N2) was more reactive (ca. 25 times) than TaCp(CO)3(N2).
A Case of Transient Global Amnesia: A Review and How It May Shed Further Insight into the Neurobiology of Delusions.

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Transient global amnesia is a clinical syndrome characterized by the sudden onset of anterograde amnesia, accompanied by repetitive questioning, sometimes with a retrograde component, lasting up to 24 hours, without compromise of other neurologic function. Neuroimaging after an acutetransient global amnesia event often shows transient perturbation of specific hippocampal circuits that are involved in memory processing. Critical clinical distinctions, such as between transient global amnesia and other forms of transient amnesic episodes, as well as important clues to the underlying pathophysiologies are herein reviewed. Finally, we discuss the role of hippocampal insufficiency in the neurobiology of delusions.
Critical and Discursive Teaching in Psychology

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract. American youth are more adept at multi-tasking and multi-processing the fast-paced media and technology information than prior generations (Glasl, 1999; Prensky, 2001). During this new wave of “post-modernism, ” youth can interact globally with a far more culturally diverse yet interdependent society. Questioning, risk-taking, conflict resolution, and continuous innovation are the systems-level skills required to live and prosper. These skills should be integrated with more “modernist ” skills, such as learning the truths of one’s field as the teachers of that field present them. This paper presents an example of how teaching about conflict can be used to help students critically examine the massive amount of information available to them, and understand the socially, historically, and politically situated nature of truth. Implications of standardization, critical discourse, and discursive teaching that bring real life problems and conflicts into the education process are discussed. I. What classroom teachers can and must do is to work in their respective roles to
Extradural multiple spinal meningioma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A case is reported of recurring or multiple spinal meningioma and focuses again on the incomplete information at present available regarding this class of meningioma. Repeated operations were performed earlier in the extradural space at C2 and an intradural tumour at the same level was completely removed. After a six year interval, we diagnosed an intramedullary meningioma once again at C2, which was subtotally removed. Histological examination indicated an angioblastic tumour, the same type of meningioma as was previously found. Postoperative recovery was satisfactory. Two years later, an intradural extramedullary tumour at T2-3 level was totally removed. Again postoperative recovery went well. In view of the rare occurrence of this meningioma, and the reports on it, we envisaged the pathogenesis of our case as an invasion from the extradural into the intradural space and into the spinal cord. Its appearance in the thoracic region might have been by dissemination via the cerebrospinal fluid pathways or it may have occurred independently.
Quantitative Assessment of Parent and Patient Preferences

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Prasanna Ananth, MD, MPH; Meghan Lindsay, MPH; Sophia Mun, MPH; Sarah McCollum, MPH; Veronika Shabanova, PhD; Sophia de Oliveira; Sarah Pitafi, BA; Rebecca Kirch, JD; Xiaomei Ma, PhD; Cary P. Gross, MD; Jackelyn Y. Boyden, PhD, MPH, RN; Chris Feudtner, MD, PhD, MPH; Joanne Wolfe, MD, MPH
Critiquing the Excess of Empire

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Despite their many differences, John the Seer of Patmos and Dio the rhetorphilosopher of Prusa share a basic critique of the Roman Empire. Limiting the comparison to Rev. 18 and Dio's twelfth Olympic Oration (with an important reference to Dio's thirteenth Oration), this essay concludes that John and Dio critique the violence, exploitation and luxury of Rome, grounding their analysis in divine sovereignty over earthly rulers. This common critique suggests that John's message may have been sympathetically heard by a wider audience than simply a few Christian communities, and that Revelation should be reevaluated in this light.
adoption of environmental management accounting

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The use of environmental management accounting concepts for companies encourages the ability to minimize the environmental problems it faces. The same is the case with five-star hotel companies in the Nusa Dua area. this study aims to examine the adoption of EMA in the hotel industry in Nusa Dua and the Adoption of Environmental Management Accounting (EMA) among hotel companies in Nusa Dua. This research is qualitative research. Data collection is done by survey, interview, and observation. Data analysis used interactive model of analysis from Miles and Huberman. The findings that can be seen are scale of environmental costs and contemporary management accounting practices affect the implementation of environmental management accounting in the hotel industry. The company considers that the implementation of Activity Based Costing provides better insight into the structure of hotel expenses.
Folk art of the Andes

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The creative accomplishments of the Andean people of the highland region of South America are prominent among the folk art legacies of the world. This wide-ranging publication, examining over 850 works, is the first to present an overview of the religious, textile, costume, utilitarian, and festival folk arts made in the Andes in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, after the Andeans were free from Spanish colonial rule. The author offers an understanding of the development of folk art during the colonial period and shows how much of the work produced after independence reflects the interweaving of indigenous craft traditions with European art forms and techniques. Drawing from the renowned collection at the Museum of International Folk Art and other private and public collections in the United States, this book includes religious paintings, sculptures, portable altars, milagros, amulets, and ritual offerings. Traditional hand woven ponchos, mantles, belts, and bags are shown, along with women's skirts, hats, and shawls adapted from the Spanish. Jewellery, wooden trunks, silverwork, majolica ceramics, carved gourds, house blessing ornaments, and toys reveal not only the craftsmanship of the work, but the ways the objects function in everyday life. Also explored are Andean festival cycles Kith lavish costumes and a variety of masks. With over 400 colour photographs, this monumental book provides a window into the rich spirit and culture of the Andeans. Published to coincide with an exhibition to open at the Museum of International Folk Art in Santa Fe, New Mexico, in April 2011.
Study on Stockpile Behaviour of Seeds in Panax notoginseng

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Objective To study stockpile behaviour of seeds in Panax notoginseng for store it's seeds through science methods.Methods Through menstruating the endurance of the difference store temperature of the seeds by TTC.Results It was found that the stockpile behavior of Panax notoginseng seeds presumably like recalcitrant seeds and the lowest safe moisture content of the seeds is 17%.Conclusion The seed of Panax notoginseng is recalcitrant and that the seed is hypersensitive to the low temperature and it is unsuited to store the seeds in it.
Manganese complexes of 1,3-bis(3-nitrosalicylideneamino)-propan-2-ol. Structure and magnetic and electrochemical properties

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Four complexes [MnII(3NO2-Hsalpro)]1, [MnII2(3NO2-salpro)(O2CMe)]·4MeOH 2, [MnIII2(3NO2-salpro)2(H2O)]·H2O 3 and [{MnIII(3NO2-salpro)}2]·2dmf 4, [3NO2-H3salpro = 1,3-bis(3-nitrosalicylideneamino)propan-2-ol, dmf = dimethylformamide] have been synthesized and studied. The structure of 4 was solved by direct methods and refined to conventional agreement indices R=R′= 0.041. The molecular structure consists of discrete [{MnIII(3NO2-salpro)}2] units and lattice-held dmf molecules. The co-ordination octahedron around each MnIII in cludes three donors from each of the two pentadentate trianionic ligands. Both ligands asymmetrically bridge the Mn atoms affording an intra-dinuclear Mn ⋯ Mn′ separation of 3.223(1)Å. The symmetry-related manganese centres are in a distorted-octahedral environment. Infrared, ESR spectroscopic, magnetic susceptibility and electrochemical studies of 1–4 evidence a variety of structural types and nuclearities. Complex 1, resulting from the reaction of manganese(II) acetate with 3NO2-H3salpro, is characterized by the MnL stoichiometry while 2, resulting from the reaction of manganese(II) acetate with Na3(3NO2-salpro), is characterized by the Mn2L stoichiometry. Two structurally different dinuclear manganese(III) complexes characterized by the same overall formulation [{MnIII(3NO2-salpro)(solvent)}2] were obtained from the reaction of 1 with O2. In non-dehydrated methanol, the asymmetric dinuclear species 3 is formed. When this complex is dissolved in dry dmf the water molecule is driven out of the manganese co-ordination sphere and a subsequent ligand environment reorganization affords 4. Variable-temperature magnetic susceptibility studies established the presence of isotropic magnetic exchange interactions between the manganese(III) centres of the dimeric species 3 and 4(J=–1.9 and –1.6 cm–1, respectively) and crystalline field anisotropy of MnIII(D=–2.6 and –2.5 cm–1, respectively). Electrochemical studies indicated that the MnII2, MnIIMnIII, MnIII2 and MnIIIMnIV oxidation states are accessible for 4 in dmf–water.
Management of the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patient with End‐Stage Renal Disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Summary An appreciation of the natural history of SLE following the development of ESRD is important in the management of these patients. In addition, the care of these patients requires special consideration in the diagnosis and treatment of disease exacerbations. It is ironic that, despite the destruction of a major organ system as a result of a disease process, the clinical course of that disease may improve. Such appears to be the case with SLE. The prognosis for renal transplantation is even more encouraging. Patients can therefore enter an ESRD program with optimism.
PJJ: MENGIKIS PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The implementation of PJJ during the Covid-19 Pandemic has a bad impact because gradually some good habits/characters in students begin to decrease. Character education that is integrated with subjects during the implementation of PJJ cannot be given or absorbed by students as expected. This study aims to obtain concrete data about the decline in the quality of Character Education during the implementation of PJJ which was extracted from the parents of students to further try to find solutions to these problems. This research uses survey research method. The population of this research is parents who have children who are still in elementary/middle level in Hulu Sungai Selatan Regency. A sample of 155 people. The results of the study are statements from parents of students, namely: Children are accustomed to getting up early in the morning 94.8%, Children get up early alone 78.7%, Children are accustomed to worshiping together 74.2%, Children are given routine responsibilities every day 85.2 %, Children shake hands if they want to leave the house 89.7%, Children help with homework every day 69%, Children are required to repeat the lessons they get every day 62.6%, Parents can be good teachers for their children 53.5%, Learning from home has been effective 23.9%, Children can learn on their own without direct guidance from the teacher 13.5%, Parents have enough time to control children's mastery of the subject matter given by the teacher 30.3%, Ensure children do not use cellphones for personal gain in addition to learning 30.3%, children using cellphones to play online games 60.6%, children enthusiastic about participating in PJJ 48.4%, PJJ being applied continuously 12.3%, agreeing PJJ to be continued 14.8%.