jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Adding negative pressure to improve healING (the DRESSING trial): a RCT protocol

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction Obese women are more likely to develop a surgical site infection (SSI) following caesarean section (CS) than non-obese women. Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) is increasingly being used to reduce SSI with limited evidence for its effectiveness. Objectives To determine the clinical and cost-effectiveness of using NPWT in obese women having elective and semiurgent CS. Methods and analysis A multisite, superiority parallel pragmatic randomised controlled trial with an economic evaluation. Women with a body mass index (BMI) of ≥30, booked for elective and semiurgent CS at 4 Australian acute care hospitals will be targeted. A total of 2090 women will be enrolled. A centralised randomisation service will be used with participants block randomised to either NPWT or standard surgical dressings in a 1:1 ratio, stratified by hospital. The primary outcome is SSI; secondary outcomes include type of SSI, length of stay, readmission, wound complications and health-related quality of life. Economic outcomes include direct healthcare costs and cost-effectiveness, which will be evaluated using incremental cost per quality-adjusted life year gained. Data will be collected at baseline, and participants followed up on the second postoperative day and weekly from the day of surgery for 4 weeks. Outcome assessors will be masked to allocation. The primary statistical analysis will be based on intention-to-treat. Ethics and dissemination Ethics approval has been obtained from the ethics committees of the participating hospitals and universities. The findings of the trial will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals, national and international conference presentations. Trial registration number ACTRN12615000286549; Pre-results.
Marker Genotype Imputation in a Low‐Marker‐Density Panel with a High‐Marker‐Density Reference Panel: Accuracy Evaluation in Barley Breeding Lines

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

We evaluated a strategy in which the scores of markers untyped in a low‐density experimental panel were imputed on the basis of data from a high‐density reference panel, in its application to whole‐genome genotyping of barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) breeding lines. Using a barley core set consisting of 98 lines genotyped with 3205 markers (high‐density reference panel), we imputed marker scores untyped in 863 barley breeding lines genotyped with 1330 common markers (low‐density experimental panel). In repeated analyses, the scores of one common marker were masked in the experimental panel, and then imputed as an untyped marker. Imputation accuracy was evaluated by comparing imputed scores with true ones. The correct imputation rate was >0.9 in 92% of markers. The square of correlation coefficient between true genotypes and mean imputed genotypes was >0.6 in 90% of the markers. Factors affecting imputation accuracy were minor allele frequency, linkage disequilibrium with neighbor common markers, minimum distance to the closest common marker, and degree of differentiation among subpopulations. Actual quantitative trait loci (QTL) would be unobserved in both reference and experimental panels. Markers masked in both panels to mimic this situation sometimes showed larger correlation to imputed markers than to typed common markers, indicating that imputation can sometimes capture the variation of unknown QTL better than the genotypes of common markers.
Effects of Primary Jets on the Flow Field and Outlet Temperature Distribution in a Reverse-Flow Combustor

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A reverse-flow combustor has a larger liner surface area due to airflow turning, which complicates flow and cooling control, particularly heat transfer efficiency. Effective heat management is essential for maintaining uniform temperature distribution and preventing thermal gradients. This study explores the impact of axial position and diameter of primary holes on thermal performance and flow dynamics. Results indicate that as the primary holes move toward the dome, the recirculation vortex size decreases, leading to insufficient fuel mixing, a reduction in the high-temperature area in the primary zone, and an increase in the high-temperature area of the middle zone. On the other hand, moving the primary holes downstream enhances fuel mixing, increasing high-temperature areas in the primary zone and reducing them in the middle and dilution zones, thus improving thermal boundary layers and convective heat transfer rates. When the primary hole is moved 10 mm downstream, outlet temperature improves significantly with an outlet temperature distribution factor (OTDF) of 0.21 and a radial temperature distribution factor (RTDF) of 0.16. Additionally, reducing the upper primary hole diameter strengthens jet deflection, improving fuel–gas mixing at the dome and heat transfer to the central region. With a 2.1 mm hole diameter, the temperature gradient decreases, resulting in an OTDF of 0.184 and RTDF of 0.15. Furthermore, as the momentum flux ratio increases, the jet penetration depth initially rises and then stabilizes. Momentum flux ratios between 10.6 and 15.1 significantly affect jet penetration, while further increases result in smaller fluctuations. Higher momentum flux ratios create localized high- and low-temperature zones, reducing outlet temperature distribution quality. The optimal momentum ratio for the reverse-flow combustor, ensuring effective jet penetration and better temperature distribution, is between 10.6 and 14.7, with a corresponding penetration depth of 34.3 mm to 35.1 mm. These findings offer valuable insights for improving reverse-flow combustor design and performance.
How compatible is the Supply of Vocational Education and Training Graduates with Labor Market Demand in Turkey?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The transition of a country's graduates with vocational skills into the labor market indicates both the efficiency of vocational education and training (VET) and economic development. Many countries have conducted studies to monitor and match the expectations of the labor market with students’ preferences. Scholars and policymakers in Turkey have long debated the compatibility of the level of VET graduates’ skills and needs of the labor market and called for field studies to form a basis for national policy. The current study examine the relationship between open job positions in diverse professions, as indicated by İŞKUR's 2019 Labor Market Research (IPA), and the vocational fields of VET students at the regional level. The skills required by the open positions and the vocational fields in which these skills were acquired are linked in this study to evaluate their compatibility. The research findings showed remarkable differences between the demands of the labor market and the supply of VET graduates across Turkey. In some vocational fields, the imbalance occurred simultaneously across multiple regions. The results emphasize the importance of improving the balance between supply-and-demand at both the regional and provincial level to increase the compatibility between labor market demands and supply in VET.
What palatalized consonants can tell us about theories of loanword adaptation

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Phonology- and perception-based theories of loanword adaptation clash over two different assumptions: what language background the adapter has and what cognitive component handles adaptation. Phonology-based theories argue that borrowers know both the source and borrowing language and that the phonology determines output forms; perception-based accounts argue that the borrower does not know the source language and that the phonetic decoder guides adaptation. Since there is no reason to believe that either population of borrowers cannot adapt words, a production experiment was carried out to test both populations/approaches. Four monolingual English and three bilingual English-Russian speakers were played currently unborrowed Russian words containing palatalized consonants and asked to repeat them aloud in an American English accent. Since palatalized velar and coronal stops are often articulated with some degree of affrication and monolinguals are unaware of this, it was predicted that they would sometimes adapt said consonants as affricates (tju &gt; t∫u). However, since bilinguals are familiar with the co-articulatory affrication, they were not predicted to adapt palatalized stops as affricates (tju &gt; tu). The results corroborated the hypothesis in that bilinguals never affricated while monolinguals affricated a tenth of palatalized stops—demonstrating that both theories make the correct predictions for their respective populations.
Treatment of exceptionally large prostate cancer patients with low‐energy intensity‐modulated photons

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

An inverse planning technique using 6‐MV intensity‐modulated photon beams was developed for treating large‐size patients with prostate cancer. Comparisons of treatment plans using 6‐MV and 18‐MV intensity‐modulated beams were carried out for a cohort of 10 patient cases. For these cases, we analyzed the dependence of plan quality on the beam energies. We found that 6‐MV beams resulted in plans equivalent to those for 18‐MV beams both for targets and for critical structures such as the rectum and bladder. The differences between the plans in the integral dose and the mean dose to the normal tissue surrounding the target were found to be small, in contrast to those for 3D conformal plans. Our findings showed that the low entrance dose of the high‐energy photon beams is mostly compensated by the high exit dose for even exceptionally large patients. In conclusion, 6‐MV intensity‐modulated beams are a feasible choice for treating large‐size patients with prostate cancer, provided that proper inverse planning techniques are adopted. PACS number: 87.50.Gi, 87.53.Tf
Postantibiotic effect of colistin alone and combined with vancomycin or meropenem against Acinetobacter baumannii strains with well defined resistance mechanisms

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Colistin is now being administered as salvage therapy in patients in whom none of other antibiotics are active against their isolates. Previous studies found short postantibiotic effect of colistin on A. baumannii However, only a few studies have evaluated the potential for synergy between colistin and other antibiotics against A. baumannii. The aim of this study was to determine in vitro synergy and PAE of colistin combined with other antibiotics (vancomycin or meropenem) against carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii strains with defined resistance mechanisms. It was hypothesised that vancomycin or meropenem would prolog the PAE of colistin since it was previously found that they exert synergism with colistin in time-kill kinetics and chequerboard analysis. Meropenem exhibited synergy with colistin in chequerboard testing while vancomycin had better effect in time-kill analysis. Colistin alone exhibited negative (OXA-143), short (OXA- 24, OXA-58) or moderate PAE (OXA-23). When combined with vancomycin the PAE was moderate with OXA-23 and OXA-24 positive strains while with OXA-58 and OXA-143 positive strains it was not possible to calculate PAE because in two experiments there was no regrowth after exposure to antibiotics. The combination with meropenem resulted in short (OXA-143), moderate (OXA-24, OXA-58) or long PAE (OXA-23). From the clinical point of view, the prolongation of colistin PAE when combined with other antibiotics could provide a rationale for the modification of the dosing interval and could be important for the optimization of the treatment regimen and the minimization of drug- induced side effects. Furthermore, combined therapy could prevent development of heteroresistance in A. baumannii which often happens during colistin monotherapy
Aging-in-place and the spatial distribution of older adult vulnerability in Canada

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

<p>Rapid population aging is underway across the entirety of Canada. With the proportion of older adults increasing and the majority of the older generation planning to age in place, understanding how older adult vulnerability differs spatially is paramount to developing targeted policy interventions and creating a more age-friendly society. Our study examines the locational differences of older adult vulnerability through statistical and spatial analysis. A nationwide neighbourhood analysis of Canada (n = 55,003) found that older adult vulnerability differs considerably in urban, suburban, and rural neighbourhoods. Rural areas have the highest proportion of older adults, whereas urban areas are far more diverse. Spatial analysis of neighbourhoods in Toronto (n = 3702) identified clusters of older adult vulnerability. The findings highlight opportunities to target aging-in-place health, social, and built environment initiatives to support Canadians as they age.</p>
Absence Makes The Heart Grow Fonder, Behaviors Adaptive And Perceptions Idealized: The Effects Of Geographic Separation And Interpersonal Media On Intimacy Process

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Many people assume that it is challenging to maintain a romantic relationship when the partners are separated by a considerable distance. Recent research on long-distance relationships, however, suggests that long-distance romantic relationships are equally or even more intimate and satisfied than geographically close counterparts. The present study examined whether the everyday intimacy process unfolds differently in long-distance versus geographically close dating relationships and whether the use of interpersonal media interplays with geographic separation to affect intimacy in specific interactions. Drawing on the Interpersonal Process Model of Intimacy (IPMI; Reis & Shaver, 1988), the study tested an intimacy enhancement mechanism in which long-distance couples engage in more adaptive self-disclosure behaviors and form more idealized relationship perceptions than do geographically close couples for the pursuit of intimacy across various interpersonal media. These predictions were examined with a novel electronic diary method. Long-distance and geographically close dating couples completed a 7-day diary study in which both members of the couple independently reported their interactions that took place each day. The results provide support for the behavioral adaptation and perceptual idealization effects proposed, and suggest that the two effects vary along the media dimensions of cue multiplicity, synchronicity and mobility. These findings offer a contextual extension to the IPMI and advance the understanding of communication and relational processes in long-distance and mixed-mode relationships.
Pink Bollworm:1Response of Males to (Z,Z-) and (Z,E-) Isomers of Gossyplure23

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Journal Article Pink Bollworm: Response of Males to ( Z,Z -) and ( Z,E -) Isomers of Gossyplure Get access H. M. Flint, H. M. Flint Western Cotton Research Laboratory, Agric. Res. Serv., USDA, Phoenix, AZ 85040 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar R. L. Smith, R. L. Smith Western Cotton Research Laboratory, Agric. Res. Serv., USDA, Phoenix, AZ 85040 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar D. E. Forey, D. E. Forey Western Cotton Research Laboratory, Agric. Res. Serv., USDA, Phoenix, AZ 85040 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar B. R. Horn B. R. Horn Western Cotton Research Laboratory, Agric. Res. Serv., USDA, Phoenix, AZ 85040 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Environmental Entomology, Volume 6, Issue 2, 1 April 1977, Pages 274–275, https://doi.org/10.1093/ee/6.2.274 Published: 01 April 1977 Article history Received: 20 December 1976 Published: 01 April 1977
Development of Indocyanine\nGreen/Methyl-β-cyclodextrin\nComplex-Loaded Liposomes for Enhanced Photothermal Cancer Therapy

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Photothermal therapy (PTT) is a promising cancer therapeutic\napproach\ndue to its spatial selectivity and high potency. Indocyanine green\n(ICG) has been considered a biocompatible PTT agent. However, ICG\nhas several challenges to hinder its clinical use including rapid\nblood clearance and instability to heat, light, and solvent, leading\nto a loss of photoactivation property and PTT efficacy. Herein, we\nleveraged stabilizing components, methyl-β-cyclodextrin and\nliposomes, in one nanoplatform (ICD lipo) to enhance ICG stability\nand the photothermal therapeutic effect against cancer. Compared to\nICG, ICD lipo displayed a 4.8-fold reduction in degradation in PBS\nsolvent after 30 days and a 3.4-fold reduction in photobleaching after\nnear-infrared laser irradiation. Moreover, in tumor-bearing mice,\nICD lipo presented a 2.7-fold increase in tumor targetability and\ninhibited tumor growth 9.6 times more effectively than did ICG without\nany serious toxicity. We believe that ICD lipo could be a potential\nPTT agent for cancer therapeutics.
Information flows and repressive enforcement

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In this chapter first the forms and functions of the prosecution services are explored and how these impact the effective repression of money laundering. Then this information flow theory is used to construct a measure of effective communication between the law enforcement agencies involved in the repression of money laundering and show that countries with a higher value information flow have more prosecutions and convictions for money laundering. Finally, this information flow index is used to construct a measure of criminal repression across the EU and discuss several ways to improve country information flows in the hope to decrease criminal incentives to commit money laundering.
Relationship between soil enzymatic activities and soil nutrients in cotton fields under film irrigation in south Xinjiang.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Explorie and assess the relationship between soil enzymatic activities and soil nutrients to screen several biological attributes in soil quality indication.cotton field soil in south Xinjiang was used as tested samples,soil enzymatic acitivites as well as soil nutrients were determined.Correlation analysis,path analysis and principal component analysis were employed for data processing.Significant correlations were found within soil enzymes and soil nutrients as well as the interaction of soil enzymes and soil nutrients.Total N and organic matters contents were the most important factors determining soil enzymatic activities,which discovered by path analysis.Soil enzymatic is a crucial component in soil fertility and quality.Conclusion catalase,acidic invertase and alkaline phosphatase can be used as applicable biological indicators in the assessment of cotton soil fertility.
Post COVID-19 multisystem inflammatory syndrome in adults (MIS-A): Underappreciated in international health? A Case Series

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Adults (MIS-A) is a rare complication after COVID-19 that mainly occurs in young adults. Patients typically present with unremitting fever, rash, conjunctivitis, neurological signs, shock, gastrointestinal symptoms and thrombocytopenia. Reported cases are scarce. Here we describe three new cases.It is unclear to what extent MIS-A has a genetic basis, or whether MIS-A patients can be safely vaccinated after a case of MIS was reported after vaccination (termed MIS-V). We describe a monozygotic twin who was vaccinated without complications, suggesting no strict genetic basis for MIS-V. Furthermore, we report only the second case of MIS-A-related coronary aneurysm, which fully resolved upon regular treatment.With the majority of young adults living in low resources settings, we suggest more focus on clinical parameters to support a MIS-A diagnosis. We report the first two patients of North-African descent. Currently, MIS-A may be an underappreciated complication of COVID-19 due to the lack of reports in non-Caucasian populations.
Hordeum vulgare L. subsp. vulgare convar. vulgare IG 26416

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Plant Genetic Resource.
Taxonomy: Hordeum vulgare L. subsp. vulgare convar. vulgare
Common name(s): Barley
Conserved by: International Centre for Agricultural Research in Dry Areas (ICARDA), Lebanon
Local sample unique identifier: IG 26416
Method of creation: Acquisition
Date: 1977
Other identifiers: n/a,ICB 109550, n/a,PI 87744
Historical: No
Biological status: Traditional cultivar/landrace
MLS status: Included
Sign language emotion and alphabet recognition with hand gestures using convolution neural network

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

American sign language (ASL) is a special means of interaction for hard-of-hearing individuals and has precise conventional rules. Since the general public does not know these sign language protocols, there is a need to have an efficient automatic sign-emotion recognition system. The objective of this paper is, to develop a framework that recognizes standard hand gestures. The gesture represents emotions and alphabet. This paper covers the methodology, results and performance factors, for experimentations. This experimentation of ASL-based alphabet and emotion recognition is novel as till now many efforts of alphabets categorization are done but this is the new direction of research where emotions, such as together’, ‘happy’, ‘peace, ’sad’, ‘confused’, and ‘love’ are captured and automatically classified with hand signs. We mention our approach to increase ‘accuracy’, wherein we capture images and regions of interest (ROI). In this article, a specifically designed convolution neural network (CNN), is used to identify emotions from hand gestures and the addition of ROI enhances accuracy. The captured hand gesture dataset of the size of 94,000 images. “peace” sign emotion has the highest recognition rate (‘98.95%’). Alphabet’s “P” and “Q” sign ASL alphabets have the maximum recognition rate of signs. In all, very impressive accuracy of “92%” and above is detected. The limits of the experimentation are as mentioned i) there is no repeatability of accuracy for the same hand gesture; ii) The distance and angle of hand gestures with camera are crucial factors for an experiment; and iii) the alphabet recognition system is not working for the alphabets “J” and “Z”.
Leads from the MMWR

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal