jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Cheeger constant of curved strips

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We study the Cheeger constant and Cheeger set for domains obtained as strip-like neighborhoods of curves in the plane. If the reference curve is complete and finite (a “curved annulus”), then the strip itself is a Cheeger set and the Cheeger constant equals the inverse of the half-width of the strip. The latter holds true for unbounded strips as well, but there is no Cheeger set. Finally, for strips about noncomplete finite curves, we derive lower and upper bounds to the Cheeger set, which become sharp for infinite curves. The paper is concluded by numerical results for circular sectors.
KQuIP: delivering excellence in the care of patients with kidney disease

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The Kidney Quality Improvement Partnership (KQuIP) is a sustainable initiative set up by a range of renal bodies and associations. It has six key workstreams: supporting networks, communication and engagement, education, leadership, projects, and measurement and understanding. In this article, Louise Wells and Graham Lipkin discuss these six workstreams in more detail.
Indefinite-Metric Quantum Field Theory of General Relativity. XIII: Perturbation-Theoretical Approach

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Perturbation-theoretical calculations are carried out on the basis of the Lagrangian density of the manifestly-covariant canonical formalism of quantum gravity. The second-order corrections to the propagators are explicitly obtained in pure gravity. The identities of the Ward-Takahashi type induced by the spontaneously unbroken generatoes of the sixteen-dimensional Poincaré-like superalgebra are explicitly confirmed to hold in the one-loop order.
Proton pump inhibitor or famotidine use and severe COVID-19 disease: a propensity score-matched territory-wide study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction

From 2005, lay representatives (‘Research Partners-RPs) have been involved as memebers of the research team in a clinical trials unit, and more recently a Marie Curie facility. However, the impact of their work has not been routinely examined. The TACT study was designed as a means of evaluation.

Aim(s) and method(s)

Semi-structured interviews were conducted with ten RPs and eight researchers to explore RPs’ input; documents from Trial Management Groups (TMGs), emails and relevant outputs were analysed using a Framework approach.

Results

Both the RPs and researchers saw the RP as an advocate for patients. RPs generally felt welcomed into the trials unit with most happy with their level of involvement. However, some RPs spoke about a perceived bias in the unit9s tendency to use more experienced RPs, the RP role being a tokenistic funding requirement, and the need for greater monitoring and support. Researchers were unclear about the degree to which RPs should be involved in their work and the processes involved in working alongside RPs. They recognised greater commitment was required of them in the RP initiative, although time pressures and stresses were barriers to achieving this. Analysis of RP Impact led to generally unfavourable results. Evidence of input in TMGs did not equate with subsequent actions and contributions in outputs were either minimal or absent.

Conclusions

Despite, a structured model of RP involvement, the results show a need for further improvement. Work is currently underway to design and implement a toolkit with which to tackle some of these challenges.
The Effects of Progressive Taxation on Labor Supply when Hours and Wages Are Jointly Determined

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Abstract This paper extends a standard intertemporal labor supply model to account for progressive taxation as well as the joint determination of hourly wages and hours worked. We show that these two factors can have implications for both estimating labor supply elasticities as well as for using these elasticities in tax analysis. Failure to account for wage-hours ties and progressive taxation may cause the hours response to marginal tax rate changes to be understated by 5 to 30 percent for men.
A theory of age-dependent value of life and time

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

A model is constructed to examine how the utility and dollar values of life and time change as one ages, encompassing several previous studies as special cases. If the interest rate is no higher than the depreciation rate (in deriving utility) and also no larger than the sum of the depreciation rate and the growth rate of wage (allowed to be negative) at any age, then the dollar value of life monotonically declines as one ages. The dollar value of life increases first and then declines as one ages, i.e., the dollar value of life over age exhibits an inverted-U shape, if the interest rate is higher than the depreciation rate by a sufficient margin. While the utility value of time may decrease with age (time is more precious for the young), the dollar value of time increases with age if the interest rate is sufficiently higher than the depreciation rate. A distinction is also made between a shift from work to leisure and the value of time (which may not equal to the wage rate) as such with conceptual and policy implications.
Assessing baseline dependency of anchor-based minimal important change (MIC): don’t stratify on the baseline score!

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Purpose The minimal important change (MIC) of a patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) is often suspected to be baseline dependent, typically in the sense that patients who are in a poorer baseline health condition need greater improvements to qualify as minimally important. Testing MIC baseline dependency is commonly performed by creating two or more subgroups, stratified on the baseline PROM score. This study’s purpose was to show that this practice produces biased subgroup MIC estimates resulting in spurious MIC baseline dependency, and to develop alternative methods to evaluate MIC baseline dependency. Methods Datasets with PROM baseline and follow-up scores and transition ratings were simulated with and without MIC baseline dependency. Mean change MICs, ROC-based MICs, predictive MICs and adjusted MICs were estimated before and after stratification on the baseline score. Three alternative methods were developed and evaluated. The methods were applied in a real data example for illustration. Results Baseline stratification resulted in biased subgroup MIC estimates and the false impression of MIC baseline dependency, due to redistribution of measurement error. Two of the alternative methods require a second baseline measurement with the same PROM or another correlated PROM. The third method involves the construction of two parallel tests based on splitting the PROM’s item set. Two methods could be applied to the real data. Conclusion MIC baseline dependency should not be tested in subgroups based on stratification on the baseline PROM score. Instead, one or more of the suggested alternative methods should be used.
The Design and Implementation of Typed Scheme: From Scripts to Programs

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

When scripts in untyped languages grow into large programs, maintaining them becomes difficult. A lack of explicit type annotations in typical scripting languages forces programmers to must (re)discover critical pieces of design information every time they wish to change a program. This analysis step both slows down the maintenance process and may even introduce mistakes due to the violation of undiscovered invariants. This paper presents Typed Scheme, an explicitly typed extension of PLT Scheme, an untyped scripting language. Its type system is based on the novel notion of occurrence typing, which we formalize and mechanically prove sound. The implementation of Typed Scheme additionally borrows elements from a range of approaches, including recursive types, true unions and subtyping, plus polymorphism combined with a modicum of local inference. The formulation of occurrence typing naturally leads to a simple and expressive version of predicates to describe refinement types. A Typed Scheme program can use these refinement types to keep track of arbitrary classes of values via the type system. Further, we show how the Typed Scheme type system, in conjunction with simple recursive types, is able to encode refinements of existing datatypes, thus expressing both proposed variations of refinement types.
EVALUATION OF POTATO PEEL EXTRACT AS A SOURCE OF ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIMICROBIAL SUBSTANCES

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Antioxidant and antimicrobial substances were extracted from potato peels by using different solvents (water and both methanol and ethanol at a concentration of 80 and 100 %). The potato peel extracts were evaluated for yield extract, antioxidants activity, total phenols and total flavonoids. The best extracts were selected for their efficacy as an antioxidant and antimicrobial. The proximate composition of dried potato peels indicated that total carbohydrates (65.47 %) were the major compound, while total lipids (2.60 %) were the minor compound. Potato peel methanol extract at concentration 80 % (PPME) had higher yield extract (10.42 %), total phenols (3.78 mg GAE g-1 DW), total flavonoids (0.13 mg Rutine g-1 DW) and antioxidants activity (80.86 %) than other solvent extracts. The vanillic (176.64 µg/ l) and hesperdin (6058.52 µg/ l) were the most abundant phenolic and flavonoid compounds, respectively in PPME. Induction period (using Rancimat instrument) was increased from 5.95 hr for sunflower oil free from PPME to 10. 9 and 11 hr for sunflower oil containing 200 and 400 ppm of PPME, respectively, comparing with 14 hr for sunflower oil containing 200 ppm of butyl hydroxyl toluene (BHT). PPME at 400 ppm was more effective in inhibiting of both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and C. albicans than ampicillin.
Familial Hypomagnesemia with Secondary Hypocalcemia Presenting as Refractory Seizures

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Department of Pediatrics, Rural Medical College and Pravara Rural Hospital, PIMS, Loni, Maharashtra, India Address for correspondence: Dr. Amit Kumar Pandey, Department of Pediatrics, Rural Medical College and Pravara Rural Hospital, PIMS, Loni, Maharashtra, India. E-mail: [email protected] Received January 16, 2023 Accepted January 26, 2023
Mean values of ratios of the Riemann zeta function

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

It is proved that $$\int_{T}^{2T} \left|\frac{ζ\left(\frac{1}{2}+{\rm i} t\right)}{ζ\left(1+2{\rm i} t\right)}\right|^2 {\rm d} t = \frac{1}{ζ(2)} T \log T + \left( \frac{\log \frac{2}π + 2γ-1 }{ζ(2)} -4 \,\frac{ζ^{\prime}(2)}{ζ^2(2)} \right) T + O\left(T\, \left(\log T\right)^{-2023} \right) , \quad \forall T \geqslant 100. $$ For given $a \in \mathbb N$, we also establish similar formulas for second moments of $|ζ(\tfrac{1}{2} + {\rm i} t)/ζ(1 + {\rm i} at)|.$ We have \begin{align*} \lim_{a \to \infty} \lim_{T \to \infty}\frac{1}{T \log T} \int_{T}^{2T} \left|\frac{ζ\left(\frac{1}{2}+{\rm i} t\right)}{ζ\left(1+{\rm i} at\right)}\right|^2 {\rm d} t = \frac{ζ(2)}{ζ(4)}. \end{align*}
[Peritoneal dialysis in a patient with right hemiparesis, lupus nephritis, significant insufficiency of arteries of aortic arch and celiac disease: case report].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a method of choice in patients in whom there are difficulties concerning creation of AV fistula. A 38-year old female patient came to our hospital because of a need of making an AV fistula. She had end-stage renal insufficiency of unknown origin. She had a right hemiparesis with a contracture of the right fist and epilepsy because of the stroke she suffered in 1993. After doing the diagnostics, we have found that patient had lupus nephritis, occlusion of brachiocephalic trunk, right and left common carotid artery and left subclavian artery. We also diagnosed celiac disease and a significant anemia. It was not possible to form an AV fistula, as it was not possible to do an assisted PD. Because of the right hemiparesis and contracture of the right fist, the possibility of performing PD independently was questionable. Despite the handicap, the patient had strong motivation and she managed to master the technique of PD independently. Even though it was estimated that she had a high risk score for applying anesthesia (ASA IV), the insertion of the peritoneal catheter went without complications. Because of the comorbidity, especially because of the significant stenosis and occlusions of the arteries of aortic arch, the kidney transplantation will not be performed. In the last fifteen months, the patient is performing PD independently, without any infectious complications, she is feeling well and is satisfied with the quality of her life. The consequences of the renal insufficiency are under control, systemic lupus erythematosus is, with a low dose of corticosteroids, in a steady state, malnutrition is corrected, but there is still hypoalbuminemia noted.
Micromechanics study of the free surfaces with micro-patterns

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

A surface with micro patterns will appear to be a clear flat surface to the naked eye. However, these micro patterns will have different mechanical properties when embedded onto the apparent flat surface. In this project, a micromechanics study known as finite element method (FEM) will be applied on the micro and macro models to study specific parameters of the model. This is achieved with the use of a finite element software, ANSYS. Various boundary conditions and methods of approximation are utilised in this paper. Thereafter, through comparison of the parameters of both simulated models, the effective properties can be approximated out. It is observed that micro-patterns on the surface causes a decrease in effective stiffness of the surface and is further agreed with an increase in Poisson’s ratio. To add on, increasing of the effective patterns width will also cause a decrease in effective stiffness of the model.
What the HECM? Evaluating the Effect of Reverse Mortgages on Bequest and Budgetary Decision-Making in Retirement

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Reverse mortgages (RM) are an increasingly attractive means for the largely cash-strapped but house-rich Baby Boomer generation to meet basic liquidity demands in retirement. Given the importance of bequest in life-cycle models of wealth generation, though, and the outsize role home equity plays in most Americans’ estates, reverse mortgages’ requirement that the borrower transfer his or her home to the lender at death could prove disruptive. I investigate the effect of RMs on seniors’ allocations across saving and consumption in retirement, and subsequent impacts on realized bequests. I find that the availability of RMs leads those who would get one to bequest 71% less than they would otherwise, even when accounting for savings financed by the new liquidity a reverse mortgage provides, and that those who would choose RM bequest 64% less than those who would not. I find additional implications for the most financially vulnerable, and that RM could exacerbate inequality among Millenials by singularly diminishing bequests among middle-class Boomers. Further, I find that the hypothetical event of Social Security trust fund insolvency would heighten each of these effects and increase RM take-up 27%.
Mobilization Forum: Comments on Zald

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Bert Klandermans; Mobilization Forum: Comments on Zald. Mobilization: An International Quarterly 1 March 2000; 5 (1): 25–30. doi: https://doi.org/10.17813/maiq.5.1.pq45gp08l701tw37 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest Search
Pelatihan Akuntansi sebagai Upaya Meningkatkan Kompetensi Akuntansi Pelaku Usaha Mikro Kecamatan Prambon Kabupaten Nganjuk

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

As micro businesses develop today, human resource capabilities in management and recording should be followed. However, in reality there are still many micro businesses that are not able to provide good accounting records of their activities. This problem also occurs in micro businesses in Prambon District under the guidance of the Nganjuk Regency Cooperatives and Micro Enterprises Service. This community service activity aims to provide knowledge and understanding of accounting to micro business actors assisted by the Nganjuk Regency Cooperatives and Micro Enterprises Service, in the form of accounting training. The material presented includes accounting records, financial reports, COGS and BEP. The activity was carried out on August 30 2023, which was attended by 30 micro business actors in Prambon District. The methods used are lectures, demonstrations and questions and answers. The aim of the service activity is to provide knowledge and understanding to micro business actors in Prambon District assisted by the Nganjuk Regency Cooperative and Micro Business Service regarding accounting and training in preparing financial reports which has shown success. This can be seen from the results of the performance given to participants to calculating COGS and BEP with good and correct results, as well as being able to record business transactions and prepare financial reports. The criteria for achievement are also shown in the participants' enthusiasm during the activity from start to finish as well as the results of their work.
Functional consequences of unilateral and sequential bilateral cortical infarcts in the adult rat brain

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Die Auswirkungen von Schlaganfällen sind nicht auf die geschädigte Hirnregion beschränkt sondern betreffen auch die Umgebung des Hirninfarktes sowie ipsi- und kontralaterale Hirnregionen. Um die Rolle funktioneller Veränderungen im homotop kontralateralen Kortex nach dem Hirninfarkt im sensomotorischen Vorderpfotenkortex der Ratte (FL SMC) zu klären, wurde diese Hirnregion systematisch zu verschiedenen Zeitpunkten durch einen zweiten Hirninfarkt lädiert, wobei zur Auslösung der Infarkte das Photothrombose-Modell verwendet wurde. Die Untersuchungen der sensomotorischen Vorderpfotenfunktion zeigten interessanterweise keine Unterschiede in der Funktionserholung zwischen Tieren mit einzelnen oder bilateralen Hirninfarkten, was bedeutet, dass der kontralaterale Kortex zur Funktionserholung der initial beeinträchtigen Vorderpfote keinen wesentlichen Beitrag leistet. In einer weiteren Untersuchungsserie zeigte sich allerdings bei Tieren mit bilateralen Hirninfarkten eine erhebliche Reduktion des globalen Hirnvolumens im Vergleich zu Tieren mit einem Hirninfarkt und den Kontrolltieren. In Verhaltensuntersuchungen im Wasserlabyrinth konnte nachgewiesen werden, dass dieser Verlust an globalem Hirnvolumen mit schlechteren Leistungen in diesem kognitiven Test einhergehen. Die diesen degenerativen Prozessen zugrunde liegenden Mechanismen sind allerdings noch weit gehend unbekannt und machen so weitere Untersuchungen erforderlich.
Maribavir: A Novel Antiviral Agent with Activity Against Cytomegalovirus

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Objective: To review the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and safety of maribavir, a novel antiviral agent in the benzimidazole drug class. Data sources: Articles were identified through searches of MEDLINE (January 1998-July 2008). Abstracts from recent scientific meetings and the manufacturer were also included. Study Selection and Data Extraction: All English-language in vitro and in vivo studies and abstracts evaluating maribavir were reviewed and considered for inclusion. All human studies were included. Data Synthesis: Maribavir has significant activity against both human cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Epstein-Barr virus, but not other herpesviruses Unlike ganaclovir. which needs to be phosphorated by UL 97 kinase to become an active inhibitor of DNA polymerase, maribavir directly inhibits UL 97 kinase. UL 97 kinase is an early viral gene product involved in viral DNA elongation, DNA packaging and egress or shedding of capsids from viral nuclei. Maribavir has also been found to be effective against ganciclovir-resistant CMV strains. Maribavir differs from current CMV antiwal agents in its adverse event profile. Maribavir is not associated with nephrotoxicity or hematologic toxicities, but has been associated with taste disturbances. In February 2007, maribavir was granted Food and Drug Administration orphan drug status for prevention of CMV viremia and diseases in at-risk populations. Maribavir Phase 2 trials in stem-cell transplant recipients have been completed, and there are ongoing Phase 3 trials in stem-cell and organ transplant recipients. Conclusions: Maribavir may be an option for treatment of ganciclovir-resistant CMV infections. Its bioavailability is greater than that of oral ganciclovir, but less than that of valganciclovir. No differences in pharmacokinetics were seen in renally impaired patients, although dialysis-dependent patients were not evaluated. Maribavir is not associated with hematologic toxicities; however, the high prevalence of taste disturbances may limit its tolerability.
Short‐term effects of perindopril‐amlodipine vs perindopril‐indapamide on blood pressure control in sub‐Saharan type 2 diabetic individuals newly diagnosed for hypertension: A double‐blinded randomized controlled trial

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Poor blood pressure (BP) control contributes to complications in sub‐Saharan African (SSA) type 2 diabetic individuals. Experts have advocated the use of combination therapies for effective BP control in these patients. The suggested combinations should include a RAAS antagonist and either a CCB or a thiazide diuretic; however, their efficacy is yet to be established in SSA. We investigated the short‐term effects of two combination therapies on BP control in SSA type 2 diabetic individuals. This was a double‐blinded randomized controlled trial conducted at the Yaoundé Central Hospital (Cameroon) from October 2016 to May 2017. We included type 2 diabetic patients, newly diagnosed for hypertension. After baseline assessment and 24‐hour ABPM, participants were allocated to receive either a fixed combination of perindopril + amlodipine or perindopril + indapamide for 42 days. Data analyses followed the intention‐to‐treat principle. We included fifteen participants (8 being females) in each group. Both combinations provided good circadian BP control after 6 weeks with similar efficacy. Twenty‐four‐hour SBP dropped from 144 to 145 mm Hg vs 128 to 126 mm Hg with perindopril‐amlodipine and perindopril‐indapamide, respectively ( P = 0.003 for both groups). Twenty‐four‐hour DBP dropped from 85 to 78 mm Hg ( P = 0.013) vs 89 to 79 mm Hg ( P = 0.006) in the same respective groups. No significant adverse effect was reported. A fixed initial combination of perindopril‐amlodipine or perindopril‐indapamide achieved similar effective BP control after 6 weeks in SSA type 2 diabetic individuals with newly diagnosed hypertension. Therefore, these combinations can be used interchangeably in this indication.