jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A Digital-Analog Hybrid System-on-Chip for Capacitive Sensor Measurement and Control

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Sensors based on capacitance detection are common in the field of inertial measurement and have the potential for miniaturization and low power consumption. In order to control and process such sensors, a novel digital-analog hybrid system-on-chip (SoC) is designed and implemented. The system includes a capacitor to voltage (C/V) conversion circuit and a band-pass sigma-delta modulator (BPSDM) as the analog-to-digital converter (ADC). The digital signal is processed by the dedicated circuit module based on the least mean square error demodulation (LMSD) algorithm on the chip. The low-power Cortex-M3 processor supports software implementation of control algorithms and circuit parameter configuration. The control signal is output through a digital BPSDM. The chip was taped out under SMIC 180 nm Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) technology and tested for performance. The result shows that the maximum operating frequency of the chip is 105 MHz. The total area is 77.43 mm2. When the system clock is set to 51.2 MHz, the static power consumption and dynamic power consumption of the digital system are 18 mW and 54 mW respectively.
Selective Inhibition of Deoxyribonucleic Acid Synthesis by Salicylhydroxamic Acid.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Salicylhydroxamic acid (SHA) was shown to be a selective inhibitor of DNA synthesis by Ehrlich ascites tumor cells in vitro. Inhibition was evident virtually immediately after addition of the compound to the cells; no preincubation was necessary to evoke the effect. Cells which were preincu-bated with SHA for up to 2 hours showed only a slight depression of RNA synthesis, while the rate of protein synthesis was unaltered. Reversal of the inhibition upon removal of SHA was complete at lower concentrations, and partial at higher concentrations.
A study on the role of Semaphorin 3E-PlexinD1 axis in dendritic cells for immunity to chlamydial infection

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Semaphorin 3E (Sema3E) has emerged as a novel mediator of immune responses. However, its function in immunity to bacterial infection has yet to be investigated. Using a mouse model of chlamydial lung infection, I demonstrated that Sema3E plays a significant role in the host immune response to the infection. Sema3E deficiency has a detrimental impact on disease course, dendritic cell (DC) function, and T cell responses. Sema3E knockout (KO) mice exhibited higher bacterial burden, severe body weight loss, and pathological changes after Chlamydia muridarum lung infection than wild-type (WT) mice. The severity of disease in Sema3E KO mice was correlated with reduced Th1/Th17 responses, increased Th2 response, altered Ab response, and higher Treg cells. Additionally, DCs isolated from Sema3E KO mice showed lower surface expression of co-stimulatory molecules and production of IL-12 but higher expression of PD-L1, PD-L2, and IL-10 production. Upon adoptive transfer, mice receiving DCs from Sema3E KO mice, unlike those receiving DCs from WT mice, were not protected against challenge infection. Moreover, Sema3E signaling on DC is crucial for their enhanced migration after chlamydial infection. C. muridarum infected Sema3E deficient DCs have impaired ability to respond to CCL19 in vitro and migrate to the lymph node in vivo. Further analysis of downstream signaling events showed that Sema3E deficiency reduces Rac1GTP, F-actin polymerization, Erk, and Akt phosphorylation in Cm infected DC upon CCL19 stimulation. Dendritic cells express the Sema3E high-affinity receptor, PlexinD1, which makes them responsive to Sema3E. CD11c PLXND1-/- mice (mouse deficient in PlexinD1 on dendritic cells) exhibited increased severity of Cm infection with lower IFN γ production and IL-17 cytokine production compared to CD11c PLXND1+/+ mice. I also found that PlexinD1 deficiency altered the phenotype and cytokine production pattern of DCs following Chlamydia muridarum infection. To investigate the translational significance of the findings, Chlamydia muridarum infected mice were treated with exogenous Sema3E. Sema3E treatment reduced chlamydial infection in the lung by promoting the Th1/Th17 response and inhibiting the Treg response. In conclusion, Sema3E acts as a critical factor for protective immunity against intracellular bacterial infection by modulating DC functions and T cell subsets.
[Meningitis and septic shock as acute, fatal conditions].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Meningitis and septic shock represent an acute inflammatory response in the subarachnoid space and the vascular tree respectively. Specific molecules in the bacterial outer membrane and exotoxins induce the inflammatory response through various mediator systems. The septic shock is caused by reduced vascular resistance and capillary leakage. Meningitis leads to altered brain metabolism, oedema and circulatory disturbance, which ultimately cause hypoxia. The general practitioner should be aware of the atypical symptomatology of meningitis in infants. Septic shock is related to meningococcal infections, pneumococcal infections in splenectomized persons and toxic shock syndromes. The authors give various advice concerning diagnosis, initial treatment and transport before admission to hospital.
The prevention and resolution of disputes over property rights in twelfth and early thirteenth century Scotland

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The accepted view of dispute resolution during the twelfth and early thirteenth century is to either dismiss the possibility altogether due to a scarcity of documents or to look backward from the later thirteenth century and beyond, measuring the records of the twelfth century and early thirteenth against the more prolific and more detailed records of later periods. This has led to the widely accepted conclusion that either the means of resolving disputes in the earlier period were less sophisticated, less developed versions of later legal systems, or that the earlier period was in a legal dark age where the light of reason and systematic approaches to law had not yet developed. The evidence discussed here shows, however, that there were systematic approaches to both preventing disputes and resolving those that did occur. The documents are not in the format that came to be accepted in later periods, nor are they worded as later legal documents would be. But that there were legal decisions being made according to norms, customs and rules that were consistently applied is clear. Using complexity theory as a means of analysis allows us to see the patterns and the systematic approaches, not in a system wide context, but at the level of decision making, where these rules, norms and customs were applied to the facts by one or more decision makers in order to achieve a just result. This approach affirms the underlying concept of justice that drives any legal system, whether a more modern, well documented legal structure or one where the records are not so abundant.
Analysis on Process and Forming Defects of Large-Scale Complex Integral Component Isothermal Local Loading

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Isothermal local loading forming is an advanced technology for large-scale complex integral component forming, but the process is with coupling effects of multi-fields and multi-factors due to the local loading mode and high temperature condition, thus makes deformation mechanism extremely complicated and some forming defects may occur. Based on DEFORM3D software, relative FE models for the isothermal local loading forming of large-scale complex integral components of TA15 titanium alloy have been established, and key technologies for modeling have been dealt with properly. Then taking a representative large-scale complex integral component as object the froming process, the typical deformation behavior and metal flow were investigated. And typical forming defects which may occur during the process and causes for them are discussed.
Defending the State or Protecting the People? SADC Security Integration at a Crossroads

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The report refers to the efforts of other regions to create, nurture and bolster mutual trust and common values in order to come up with suggestions for what strategy the Southern African Development Community (SADC) should pursue in the coming years. It concludes by asking: How salient is the regional level for dealing with the security challenges facing southern African countries and their populations?
Synthetic Cells Synthesize Therapeutic Proteins inside Tumors

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Synthetic cells, artificial cell‐like particles, capable of autonomously synthesizing RNA and proteins based on a DNA template, are emerging platforms for studying cellular functions and for revealing the origins‐of‐life. Here, it is shown for the first time that artificial lipid‐based vesicles, containing the molecular machinery necessary for transcription and translation, can be used to synthesize anticancer proteins inside tumors. The synthetic cells are engineered as stand‐alone systems, sourcing nutrients from their biological microenvironment to trigger protein synthesis. When pre‐loaded with template DNA, amino acids and energy‐supplying molecules, up to 2 × 10 7 copies of green fluorescent protein are synthesized in each synthetic cell. A variety of proteins, having molecular weights reaching 66 kDa and with diagnostic and therapeutic activities, are synthesized inside the particles. Incubating synthetic cells, encoded to secrete Pseudomonas exotoxin A (PE) with 4T1 breast cancer cells in culture, resulted in killing of most of the malignant cells. In mice bearing 4T1 tumors, histological evaluation of the tumor tissue after a local injection of PE‐producing particles indicates robust apoptosis. Synthetic cells are new platforms for synthesizing therapeutic proteins on‐demand in diseased tissues.
Pupillary Attributions of College Students to Happy and Angry Faces

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

As evidence for an hypothesis that pupil size plays an important role in nonverbal communication, Hess (1975) has reported that adults draw in appropriately sized pupils on his happy and angry faces task. However, he did not report a statistical test of his data. In this study, we replicated Hess' research and found congruent with his hypothesis that college students ( n = 223) draw in significantly larger pupils on the happy face.
Stability Indicating Validated Chromatographic Methods for Determination of Buflomedil in Presence of its Degradation Products

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Simple, sensitive, selective and precise stability-indicating thin-layer chromatographic (TLC) and high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) methods for the determination of Buflomedil (BFM) in pharmaceutical tablets were developed and validatedas per the International Conference on Harmonizationguidelines. The TLC method employs aluminum TLCplates precoated with silica gel 60F254 as the stationary phase and Butanol: ammonia: triethylamine (8:0.5:0.5, v/v/v) as the mobile phase to give compact spots for Buflomedil (Rf=0.55) and its degradation product (Rf=0.05), the chromatogram was scanned at 272 nm. The HPLC method utilizes a C18 column and amobile phase consisting of methanol: water: acetonitrile: triethylamine (50:30:20:0.4, v/v, pH 6.5) at a flow rate of 0.7 mL min-1 for the separation of Buflomedil (tR=3.76) and its degradation product (tR=2.117). Quantitation was achieved with UV detection at 272 nm. The methods were validated in terms of accuracy, precision, linearity, limits of detection, and limits of quantification. Buflomedil was exposed to acid hydrolysis and analyzed by the proposed methods in presence of its degradation products. As the methods could effectively separate the drugs from their degradation products, these techniques can be employed as stability-indicating methods that have been successively applied to pharmaceutical formulations without interference from the excipients.
Combinatorics of the quantum symmetric simple exclusion process, associahedra and free cumulants

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The quantum symmetric simple exclusion process (QSSEP) is a model of quantum particles hopping on a finite interval and satisfying the exclusion principle. Recently, Bernard and Jin have studied the fluctuations of the invariant measure for this process, when the number of sites goes to infinity. These fluctuations are encoded into polynomials, for which they have given equations and proved that these equations determine the polynomials completely. In this paper, we give an explicit combinatorial formula for these polynomials, in terms of Schröder trees. We also show that, quite surprisingly, these polynomials can be interpreted as free cumulants of a family of commuting random variables.
Professional Ethics in Obstetric Practice, Innovation, and Research

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Obstetric clinical practice, innovation, and research should be guided by professional ethics in obstetrics. In this chapter, the authors distinguish professional medical ethics from medical ethics and bioethics. They set out an ethical framework for obstetrics based on the invention of professional medical ethics by two eighteenth-century physician-ethicists, John Gregory (1724–1773) and Thomas Percival (1740–1804). Professional ethics in obstetrics appeals to the ethical principles of beneficence and respect for autonomy and the ethical concept of the fetus as a patient. This framework is deployed to provide ethically justified, practical guidance about two ethical challenges in obstetric practice: the professionally responsible role of nondirective counseling of pregnant women about induced abortion and the professionally responsible role of directive counseling about planned home birth. This framework is also deployed to provide ethically justified, practical guidance about professionally responsible obstetric innovation and research for fetal benefit.
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Sinonasal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Retrospective Study and Literature Review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: Sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma (SNSCC) is a rare and aggressive malignancy, with limited treatment strategies in the recurrent or metastatic cases. Although immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have shown efficacy in head and neck cancers (HNCs), clinical data specific to SNSCC are scarce. This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy and prognosis of ICIs in patients with SNSCC. Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of 18 patients with pathologically confirmed SNSCC treated with nivolumab or pembrolizumab at Gifu University Hospital between May 2017 and December 2024. Treatment response was assessed using RECIST v1.1 criteria. Overall response rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR) were evaluated as treatment effects, and overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were evaluated as prognoses. Subgroup analyses were performed according to treatment regimen. Results: The ORR and DCR for all patients were 43.8% and 56.3%, respectively. Pembrolizumab-treated patients showed higher response rates (ORR: 66.7%; DCR: 83.3%) compared to those treated with nivolumab (ORR: 30%; DCR: 40%). Median OS and PFS were 21.5 and 7.9 months, respectively. Long-term durable responses exceeding two years were observed in several cases. Although pembrolizumab tended to result in better outcomes, no statistically significant difference was found between groups. Immune-related adverse events were infrequent and manageable. Conclusions: This study suggests that a subset of patients with SNSCC may benefit from ICI therapy, particularly in combination with chemotherapy. Despite the rarity of SNSCC, accumulating clinical evidence—including prospective studies—is essential to establish standardized treatment strategies for this disease.
Glycosylation of matrix metalloproteases and tissue inhibitors: present state, challenges and opportunities

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) are crucial components of a complex and dynamic network of proteases. With a wide range of potential substrates, their production and activity are tightly controlled by a combination of signalling events, zymogen activation, post-translational modifications and extracellular inhibition. Slight imbalances may result in the initiation or progression of specific disease states, such as cancer and pathological inflammation. As glycosylation modifies the structures and functions of glycoproteins and many MMPs contain N- or O-linked oligosaccharides, we examine, compare and evaluate the evidence for whether glycosylation affects MMP catalytic activity and other functions. It is interesting that the catalytic sites of MMPs do not contain O-linked glycans, but instead possess a conserved N-linked glycosylation site. Both N- and O-linked oligosaccharides, attached to specific protein domains, endow these domains with novel functions such as the binding to lectins, cell-surface receptors and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteases (TIMPs). Validated glycobiological data on N- and O-linked oligosaccharides of gelatinase B/MMP-9 and on O-linked structures of membrane-type 1 MMP/MMP-14 indicate that in-depth research of other MMPs may yield important insights, e.g. about subcellular localizations and functions within macromolecular complexes.
Formation of High‐Quality CdS and Other II–VI Semiconductor Nanocrystals in Noncoordinating Solvents: Tunable Reactivity of Monomers

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The authors of this Communication recently noted that a key word in a sentence in their publication appeared incorrectly. Thus, the penultimate sentence in the penultimate paragraph on page 2369 should read: Hence, it is safe to conclude that the number of nanocrystals (nuclei) formed in the initial nucleation stage increased significantly with decreasing initial oleic acid concentration.
Presence and Severity of Mental Illness Is Associated With Increased Risk of Postoperative Emergency Visits, Readmission, and Reoperation Following Outpatient ACDF: A National Database Analysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study. Objective: The purpose was to compare rates of postoperative ED visits, readmission, and reoperation between patients with and without preexisting mental illness undergoing outpatient anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF). Methods: A retrospective review of the Mariner Database was conducted on patients who underwent ACDF between 2010 and 2017. Exclusion criteria included same day revision surgery and patients with a history of spine infection, trauma, or neoplasm. Patients were grouped into 3 categories: those with existing history of anxiety and/or depression, those with severe mental illness, and those without any history of mental illness. Severe mental illness was defined as a combination of diagnosis including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and/or psychotic disorder. Outcome measures were analyzed by comparing groups using multivariate logistic regression. Significance was set at P < 0.05. Results: Patients with anxiety/depression and patients with severe mental illness both had significantly increased risk of ED visits and readmission at 30-day and 90-day intervals. Compared to patients without mental illness, patients with severe mental illness (OR 1.93, P < 0.001) had significantly increased rates of reoperation at 90-days and 1-years postoperatively. Patients with anxiety/depression did not have increased rates of reoperation relative to patients without anxiety/depression at any time interval ( P > 0.05). Conclusion: Anxiety/depression as well as more severe psychiatric disease such as Schizophrenia and Bipolar disorder were significantly associated with increased healthcare utilization following outpatient ACDF. Patients with preexisting mental illness undergoing outpatient ACDF should be carefully evaluated preoperatively and closely followed postoperatively to reduce risk of adverse events.
Expression levels of Drosha and Dicer enzymes and DGCR8 protein in pre-eclamptic patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Pre-eclampsia is a serious problem of pregnancy that is associated with proteinuria and increased blood pressure in the second half of pregnancy. It is one of the three leading causes of maternal and fetal mortality. Dysregulated expression of miRNAs related to angiogenesis plays a role in pre-eclampsia and can be considered in the diagnosis of this complication. In the current study, we sought to investigate the expression of Drosha, Dicer, and DGCR8 genes in patients with preeclampsia. Methods: This descriptive-analytic study was carried out among 84 healthy non-pregnant and pregnant women who visited the Women’s Clinic of Alavi Hospital during 2014-2015. The subjects were randomly divided into three groups of 28 each, namely pregnant women with pre-eclampsia, healthy pregnant women, and healthy non-pregnant women (control). Demographic, clinical, and anthropometric data such as age, age of pregnancy, weight, height, and body mass index (BMI) were recorded for all the patients. Then, blood samples were taken from the participants and sent to the research center of Faculty of Medical Sciences for the investigation of the expression rates of Dicer, Drosha, and DGCR8 genes. We also collected delivery outcome information, patient data, and blood test results. The data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics and performing ANOVA, t-test, and Fisher’s exact test in SPSS, version 21. Results: The levels of DGCR8 protein and Dicer and Drosha enzymes in the pre-eclamptic pregnant women and healthy pregnant women were higher than in the non-pregnant healthy women (control group; P≤0.05). Moreover, the levels of DGCR8 protein and Dicer enzyme were higher in the pregnant mothers with pre-eclampsia than the healthy pregnant women, while the level of Drosha enzyme was lower in the pregnant women with pre-eclampsia relative to the healthy pregnant women. Conclusion: The levels of Dicer and Drosha enzymes and DGCR8 protein were higher in the healthy and pre-eclamptic pregnant women compare to the healthy controls. Thereby, these molecules can be considered in both diagnosis, as potential indicator molecules of pre-eclampsia, and treatment.
Post Study Design of Wireless Network for the Water Dilemma in the city of Rujban

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Providing water for daily life usage is one of the biggest obstacles facing the growth and development of cities not only in Libya but in many countries of the world. The city of Rujban faces this crisis despite the passage of more than five decades in trying to resolve this issue. We did some deep research and study on the water system operation problem which we divided into three parts: Karthoom Automated Control System (KACS), Idref Automated Control System 1(IACS1), Idref Automated Control System 2 (IACS2) because water is pumped on 3 different stages. The IACS1 consists of two main parts: transmitter/collector tank on one side and receiver / pumps on the other side. The transmitter end consists of a microcontroller, three stage level sensor, two water flow sensors and an RF transmitter. The other end consists of two water pumping pump and an RF receiver. The system will be automated by the use of a microcontroller in which each level of the collector tank will be designed to turn on just one or both pumps of in the case there is certain amount of water, which can be determined by water level sensor, in Karthom collection tank. A crucial part of this coordination is the flow meter which will indicate if the pump is operational or not and detect whether or not there is water leakage, all of which will be demonstrated on an LCD screen. In this paper, we will design a wireless communication network for IACS1.