jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A Modified Artificial Bee Colony for Solving the Container Loading Problem

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents a modified artificial bee colony for solving the container loading problem because the cost can be reduced by increasing the space utilization ratio. This problem is solved in a two phased a Modified Artificial Bee Colony Optimization (MABCO) and a Wall-building approach. In the first phase, MABCO with its probabilistic decision rule is used to construct a sequence of boxes. The boxes are then arranged into a container with the Wall-building heuristic in the second phase. The nectar information feedback of MABCO using neighborhood updating rule helped to improve the solutions. Computational experiments were conducted on benchmark data set and the results obtained from the proposed approach are shown to be comparable with other methods from the literatures.
IMPACT OF AHA1 ON MORPHINE ACTIVITY IN POST-OPERATIVE PAIN MODEL

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Enhancing the therapeutic index of opioids remains a critical goal in improving pain management. Our previous work has demonstrated that spinal inhibition of heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) potentiates morphine analgesia without exacerbating its side effects, primarily through activation of ERK-RSK signaling. However, systemic Hsp90 inhibition is associated with off-target toxicities, including hepatotoxicity, underscoring the need for more selective strategies. In this study, we explore a targeted approach by inhibiting the Hsp90 co-chaperone, activator of Hsp90 ATPase (Aha1), using KU-177. Our prior findings in the tail-flick assay indicated that spinal inhibition of Aha1 enhances morphine-induced antinociception. Here, we extend our investigation to evaluate the systemic effects of KU-177 on morphine analgesia in a mouse model of post-operative pain. We report that intraperitoneal administration of KU-177 significantly augments morphine’s analgesic efficacy without altering withdrawal responses or affecting liver weight. We are investigating the molecular mechanisms by analyses of protein expression and activation in the spinal cord, brainstem, and periaqueductal gray (PAG). In summary, these findings suggest that Aha1 inhibition via KU-177 represents a promising strategy to enhance opioid analgesia while minimizing adverse effects, although the molecular mechanism remains unclear.
Energy Conversion and Storage

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Energy conversion is one of the oldest technologies in human history. Prehistoric humans who started fires by rubbing two sticks converted mechanical energy to heat. Energy systems are classified as open, closed, or isolated based on their interaction with the external environment. The photoelectric effect has been known since the nineteenth century, and the first photovoltaic cells were developed in the 1950s. Solar electric generation could not compete with conventional electric generation in practical energy systems until the early years of the twenty-first century because of their higher cost. In energy systems, nuclear reactors produce steam mainly for electric generation. All nuclear reactors used in electric generation involve fission energy, which is based on splitting a large atom, such as uranium isotopes. Photothermal energy conversion transforms the energy of light into heat. Fuel storage is essentially chemical energy storage since fuels are hydrocarbons that contain chemical energy in their molecular structures.
Pretreatment and Freezing Rate Effect on Physical, Microstructural, and Nutritional Properties of Fried Sweet Potato

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract. Sweet potato is a unique high-calorie food because it is an excellent source of some essential micronutrients, such as provitamin A (ß-carotene). The quality of par-fried frozen sweet potato products is impacted by several factors that have not been well researched, such as freezing rate and surface modification. In this study, our objective was to evaluate the effect of freezing rate (at -20°C, -30°C, -40°C, and -60°C), surface pretreatment including blanching and gum coating (methylcellulose, sodium alginate, or mixed gums), sample dimensions (strips or slices), and cultivar (Covington and Murasaki) on several quality attributes of fried sweet potato. Based on our study, frying at 180°C yielded the lowest oil content among the tested temperatures. Compared with Covington samples, Murasaki strips coated with mixed gums produced fried samples that were significantly (p = 0.05) lower in fat uptake (10.84%), less porous (35.5%), crispier (maximum force = 6.90 N), lighter, less red, and yellower. Higher freezing rate, 5.12°C min -1 (at -60°C), showed significantly lower fat content, and lower lightness or yellowness than lower freezing rates. Frying at 180°C significantly reduced vitamin C and ß-carotene levels from 3.75 mg and 349.27 µg per 100 g to 1.92 mg and 105.99 µg per 100 g, respectively. X-ray micro-computed tomography showed a significant decrease in porosity because of high freezing rates. The general conclusion is that faster freezing rate is better for par-fried sweet potato quality preservation. Keywords: ß-carotene, Fat uptake, Gum coating, Par-frying, Sweet potato, X-ray micro-computed tomography, Vitamin C.
[Family planning in China].

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Family planning in People's Republic of China between 1956 to 1970 has been marked by rapid change and total interrelation with the political and social developments. Since 1949, the Communist government has taken several measures to protect the mother and child. The campaign for family planning was started in 1956 by public meetings, posters, lectures with films, and an extensive distribution of contraceptive means. However, in 1965 there were still 2 trends among women: 1, based on tradition, supported the idea that a large number of children was a source of honor, prosperity and security; the other taking hold among younger women was in favor of family planning. The rural population was the latest to start practicing family planning. In 1963 a movement of socialist education was launched together with the formation of mobile medical teams to inform and educate people all over the country and to make known the various forms available for family planning. The contraceptive methods used included: male and female sterilisation (vasectomy for men and tube ligation for women), IUD, and condom; abortion, legal for women who already had children or if it was necessary for the mother's health; and oral contraceptives, which were produced in China. Medical services were reorganized and teams of "bare-foot doctors" were sent all over China. They lectured on health measures and fertility regulation. Intellectuals were sent to live in villages and exchange their knowledge with that of the peasants and workers. The tendency has been to limit the number of children to 2 or 3. The young people are recommended to postpone their marriage, women till they are 25, men till later. Nationally produced contraceptive means are being experimented with such as herbs, or a new intrauterine plastic device called "flower". The regions with national minorities like Tibet, the Inner Mongolia and Sinkiang had been under underpopulated and therefore population growth has been encouraged mainly by trying to irradicate diseases.
Path-dependence properties of leveraged exchange-traded funds: Compounding, volatility and option pricing

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This thesis studies leveraged exchange-traded funds (ETF) and options written on them. In the first part, we give an exact formula linking the price evolution of a leveraged ETF (LETF) with the price of its underlying ETF. We test the formula empirically on historical data for 56 leveraged funds (44 double-leveraged, 12 triple-leveraged) using daily closing prices. The results indicate excellent agreement between the formula and the empirical data. The formula shows that the evolution of the price of an LETF is sensitive to the realized volatility of the underlying product. The relationship between an LETF and its underlying asset is “path-dependent.” The second part of the study focuses on the relations between options on LETFs and options on the underlying ETFs. The main result shows that an option on an LETF can be replicated by a basket of options on the underlying ETF after a suitable choice of strikes and notionals. In particular, we obtain a new, relative-value, model for pricing LETF options. The derivation makes strong use of the path-dependency result of Part I. As a consequence, we derive a simple non-parametric formula which links the volatility skew of an LETF with the volatility skew of the underlying ETF. We validate the theory empirically by showing that the model prices for options on LETFs are in excellent agreement with actual mid-market prices observed in markets. The empirical study was carried out on two LETFs linked to the S&P 500 index (one double-leveraged, one reverse-double-leveraged). The issue of vega-hedging options on LETFs with options on the underlying ETFs is also examined from this viewpoint.
Discrete modelling of masonry structures under dynamic loading

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The potential of the discrete Element Method (dEM) is first verified to assess comparatively the first-order seismic behaviour of arched unreinforced masonry (uRM), under a constant acceleration, combined with the vertical acceleration due to gravity. The limitations of sophisticated analytical modelling and experimental investigations for studying complex masonry structures have increased the use of numerical modelling, such as the dEM. Much of the world's architectural heritage consists of uRM structures whose preservation is a topical subject. Based on the DEM approach, discontinuous bodies can move freely in space and interact reciprocally with contact forces, leading to an automatic updating of contact detection. The mechanical behaviour of the interfaces between blocks is expected to be affected by the friction coefficient, which varies considerably for varying materials and environmental conditions. The dynamic response is evaluated for increasing stiffness-proportional damping, aj, and mass-proportional damping, where results are compared to the reference ones obtained for the undamped structure.
The Role of the Carbohydrate Recognition Domain of Placental Protein 13 (PP13) in Pregnancy Evaluated with Recombinant PP13

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Placental protein 13 (PP13), a placenta specific protein, is reduced in the first trimester of pregnancy in women who subsequently develop preeclampsia. A naturally occurring PP13 deletion of thymidine at position 221 (DelT221 or truncated variant) is associated with increased frequency of severe preeclampsia. In this study we compared the full length (wildtype) PP13 and the truncated variant. Methods: Full length PP13 or its DelT221 variant were cloned, expressed and purified from E-Coli. Both variants were
Reproduction Alters Hydration State but Does Not Impact the Positive Effects of Dehydration on Innate Immune Function in Children’s Pythons (Antaresia childreni)

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Resource availability can impact immune function, with the majority of studies of such influences focusing on the allocation of energy investment into immune versus other physiological functions. When energy is a limited resource, performance trade-offs can result, compromising immunity. Dehydration is also considered a physiological challenge resulting from the limitation of a vital resource, yet previous research has found a positive relationship between dehydration and innate immune performance. However, these studies did not examine the effects of dehydration on immunity when there was another concurrent, substantial physiological challenge. Thus, we examined the impact of reproduction and water deprivation, individually and in combination, on immune performance in Children's pythons (Antaresia childreni). We collected blood samples from free-ranging A. childreni to evaluate osmolality and innate immune function (lysis, agglutination, bacterial growth inhibition) during the austral dry season, when water availability is limited and this species is typically reproducing. To examine how reproduction and water imbalance, both separately and combined, impact immune function, we used a laboratory-based 2 × 2 experiment. Our results demonstrate that A. childreni experience significant dehydration during the dry season and that, overall, osmolality, regardless of the underlying cause (seasonal rainfall, water deprivation, or reproduction), is positively correlated with increased innate immune performance.
Exploring Intimate Partner Violence Status Among Male Veterans and Associated Health Outcomes

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The World Health Organization has identified intimate partner violence (IPV) as a public health issue affecting both men and women, though significantly more information is available regarding female victimization. This study examines IPV through the lens of male victimization, focusing on a comparison of physical and mental health consequences among men who are and are not military veterans. Results from a secondary analysis of data from the Behavior Risk Factor Survey taken by 13,765 males indicated that all males, regardless of veteran status, should be screened for IPV victimization given the prevalence reported in this sample (9.5% to 12.5%). Furthermore, it was found that veteran status did affect prevalence of particular health consequences, such as depression, smoking, and binge drinking. Based on the specific comparisons examined in this study, implications for Veteran’s Administration Health Services are discussed, as is the need for more research on IPV victimization rates for men and the particular health consequences that they suffer.
Australian truffle-like fungi. VI* Gigasperma (Basidiomycotina, Tricholomataceae) and Horakiella gen.nov. (Basidiomycotina, Sclerodermataceae)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Re-examination of both species assigned too the genus Gigasperma reveals significant differences between the two taxa that warrant separation at the order level. Gigasperma cryptica is characterised by large, smooth, extremely thick-walled, reddish brown spores borne on 4-spored basidia as in some Agaricales. Horakiella clelandii gen. et comb. nov. differs in its ornamented, hyaline to pale brown spores enclosed by nurse hyphae as in the Sclerodermatales. * Part V, Aust. Syst. Bot., 1992, 5, 631–8.
Sequencing of selected chromatin remodelling genes reveals increased burden of rare missense variants in ASD patients from the Japanese population

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Chromatin remodelling is an important process in neural development and is related to autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and schizophrenia (SCZ) aetiology. To further elucidate the involvement of chromatin remodelling genes in the genetic aetiology of ASD and SCZ in the Japanese population, we performed a case-control study. Targeted sequencing was conducted on coding regions of four BAF chromatin remodelling complex genes: SMARCA2, SMARCA4, SMARCC2, and ARID1B in 185 ASD, 432 SCZ patients, and 517 controls. 27 rare non-synonymous variants were identified in ASD and SCZ patients, including 25 missense, one in-frame deletion in SMRACA4, and one frame-shift variant in SMARCC2. Association analysis was conducted to investigate the burden of rare variants in BAF genes in ASD and SCZ patients. Significant enrichment of rare missense variants in BAF genes, but not synonymous variants, was found in ASD compared to controls. Rare pathogenic variants indicated by in silico tools were significantly enriched in ASD, but not statistically significant in SCZ. Pathogenic-predicted variants were located in disordered binding regions and may confer risk for ASD and SCZ by disrupting protein-protein interactions. Our study supports the involvement of rare missense variants of BAF genes in ASD and SCZ susceptibility.
Life Cycle Assessment of Environmental Impacts of Using Concrete or Timber to Construct a Duplex Residential Building

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Traditionally, the choice of construction materials depended principally on the strengths of materials, cost of material, availability of materials, simplicity of erection, aesthetics and technical expertise available to the society. This meant that little attention was paid to the environment impacts of materials adopted for civil construction. After centuries of speedy advancement accompanied by deteriorating ecosystem as evidenced by the global climate change and the accompanying gap between the rich and the poor, the world is becoming more conscious of the ecosystem and the future of mankind. This has led to the growing quest for sustainable development. In the more recent years, environmental and sustainability factors are becoming compelling factors in the choice of construction materials. Researches focused on materials for affordable houses for the increasing low income masses are on the increase. This research focuses on the environmental impact performance of concrete and timber applied to a modest duplex residential building. It explores using Athena Impact Estimator software to model the greenhouses gases expressed in terms of carbon dioxide equivalents, sulphur dioxide equivalents, phosphate equivalents and ethane equivalents potentials obtainable from using concrete or timber to build a duplex residential building. From the various results obtained, it is very evident that timber construction is more eco-friendly in terms of carbon emission reduction which translates to reducing global warming, thermal insulation and energy efficiency. This will be helpful in making choice for building materials to be adopted for affordable houses developing countries.
Progress in the development of high-conversion-efficiency a-Si/&#x03BC;c-Si tandem solar module using &#x03BC;c-Si thin film with high deposition rate on Gen. 5.5 large-area glass substrate

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

The technology to make high-quality, high-reliability solar modules with a high deposition rate for μc-Si thin-film is a problem for the industrialization of low-cost, high-conversion-efficiency a-Si/μc-Si tandem structure solar modules. Sanyo has solved this problem by developing an original CVD technique called Localized Plasma Confinement CVD and a new evaluation method for μc-Si thin film. A stabilized conversion efficiency of 10.0% was achieved for an a-Si/μc-Si tandem structure solar module, and a deposition rate of 2.4 nm/s for μc-Si thin-film was attained on a Gen. 5.5 full-size glass substrate. To obtain a higher conversion-efficiency a-Si/μc-Si tandem structure solar module, fundamental studies of μc-Si thin-film have been performed, and a stabilized conversion efficiency of 10.5% (Initial solar module conversion efficiency: 12.0%) has been achieved on a large-area glass substrate. Furthermore, in the study of this development, the highest stabilized conversion efficiency of 12.0% (Initial conversion-efficiency: 13.5%) was attained. Module reliability tests confirmed by IEC 61646 Ed. 2 revealed that the performance of the module is adapted. These high-performance a-Si/μc-Si tandem structure solar modules were prepared by using the knowledge of our thin-film and module technologies.
Conceptual 12M: Pushing Web-Scale Image-Text Pre-Training To Recognize Long-Tail Visual Concepts

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The availability of large-scale image captioning and visual question answering datasets has contributed significantly to recent successes in vision-and-language pre-training. However, these datasets are often collected with overrestrictive requirements inherited from their original target tasks (e.g., image caption generation), which limit the resulting dataset scale and diversity. We take a step further in pushing the limits of vision-and-language pre-training data by relaxing the data collection pipeline used in Conceptual Captions 3M (CC3M) [Sharma et al. 2018] and introduce the Conceptual 12M (CC12M), a dataset with 12 million image-text pairs specifically meant to be used for vision-and-language pre-training. We perform an analysis of this dataset and benchmark its effectiveness against CC3M on multiple downstream tasks with an emphasis on long-tail visual recognition. Our results clearly illustrate the benefit of scaling up pre-training data for vision-and-language tasks, as indicated by the new state-of-the-art results on both the nocaps and Conceptual Captions benchmarks.
Microbial Decolorization of Leather Dye Effluent

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

<p>As we know 71 of Earths Surface is covered with water. Water is one of the most essential element for the persistence of life on this planet. Pure and contamination free water is the dire necessity of every living being present on Earth but today water pollution has posed great threat to the existence of life. The discharge of effluents from various industries into the water bodies are mainly responsible for water pollution specially effluents from leather industry are the most contaminating as along with the harmful chemicals they contain organic matter as well. The dyes disposed by the leather industry are the most harmful for the environment. The conventional physicochemical methods used for the treatment of leather dyes in the contaminated water i.e. coagulation, precipitation, oxidation etc have disadvantages and limitations. This study presents microbial decolorization of leather dye effluents from Shigella sp. isolated from effluent samples collected from leather industry. Different parameters such as temperature and pH were optimized for decolorization of Methylene Blue, Crystal Violet, EosinYellow, Safranine dyes by using bacterial isolates. Optimum temperature for decolorization was observed to be 300c, the optimum pH range for decolorization was found to be from pH6 pH8. All the samples were incubated at 30°C 150 rpm. The decolorization was measured as decrease in absorbance maxima at 663 nm, 590 nm, 518nm, 530 nm for mehtylene blue, crystal violet, eosin yellow, safranine respectively. Dr. Jitender Kumar | Navleen Kaur Chopra "Microbial Decolorization of Leather Dye Effluent" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-1 | Issue-5 , August 2017, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd2405.pdf</p>
Infectivity and Oncogenicity of DNA Extracted From SV 40

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The report describes the findings on the infectivity of DNA partially purified from SV 40 propagated in the monkey kidney cells (BSC 1) in vitro and importance of nucleic acids on their oncogenic properties, particularly induction of tumor by DNA in newborn hamsters. At 30 days post inoculation, the most remarkable changes occurred in the liver, lungs and subcutaneous tissues. Cellular responses of vascular cells were predominant when injected with DNA extracted from SV 40 viral particles, and these findings were distributed in the inter-stitial cells of the portal spaces of livers and lungs. High incidence of liver cirrhosis in primates were observed in hamsters.From the experiment the findings of oncogenic capacity of DNA has attracted a considerable attention for the approach to resolve the course of cancer from the view of the infectious DNA.