jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Rapid Mueller matrix polarimetry imaging based on four photoelastic modulators with no moving parts (Conference Presentation)

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Polarized light has many applications in biomedical imaging. The interaction of a biological sample with polarized light reveals information about its composition, both structural and functional. For example, the polarimetry-derived metric of linear retardance (birefringence) is dependent on tissue structural organization (anisotropy) and can be used to diagnose myocardial infarct; circular birefringence (optical rotation) can measure glucose concentrations. The most comprehensive type of polarimetry analysis is to measure the Mueller matrix, a polarization transfer function that completely describes how a sample interacts with polarized light. To derive this 4x4 matrix it is necessary to observe how a tissue interacts with different polarizations. A well-suited approach for tissue polarimetry is to use photoelastic modulators (PEMs), which dynamically modulate the polarization of light. Previously, we have demonstrated a rapid time-gated Stokes imaging system that is capable of characterizing the state of polarized light (the Stokes vector) over a large field, after interacting with any turbid media. This was accomplished by synchronizing CCD camera acquisition times relative to two PEMs using a field-programmable gate array (FPGA). Here, we extend this technology to four PEMs, yielding a polarimetry system that is capable of rapidly measuring the complete sample Mueller matrix over a large field of view, with no moving parts and no beam steering. We describe the calibration procedure and evaluate the accuracy of the measurements. Results are shown for tissue-mimicking phantoms, as well as initial biological samples.
Financial Performance Determinant of Islamic Banking in Indonesia

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The rapid growth of Islamic banks also occured in Indonesia. The high growth of Islamic banks’ assets gave opportunities to increase bad debt (non-performing financing). We examined the impact of good corporate governance (GCG), number of sharia supervisory board (SSB), financing to deposit ratio (FDR), profit and loss sharing (PLS) financing ratio, profit sharing rate of financing, and temporary syirkah fund ratio on the performance of non-performance financing (NPF) and return on assets (ROA). This research also tested the influence of NPF on ROA. The population of this research was Islamic commercial banks in Indonesia with the observation ranged from 2009-2016. The samples were determined by using a purposive sampling method. Data analysis used a structural equation model with WarpPLS. We proved that empirically GCG disclosure did not affect NPF. NPF bank was influenced by PLS financing and temporary syirkah fund ratio. PLS financing income and FDR financing did not affect the NPF. Moreover, GCG, SSB, temporary syirkah fund, and NPF disclosures influenced profitability
Effects of various brans on energy intake and glucose metabolism in alloxan diabetic rats.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The purpose of the present study was, firstly, to determine whether untreated rye bran and untreated wheat bran differ in their ability to affect energy intake and glucose metabolism in alloxan diabetic rats; and secondly, to find out whether wheat brans processed by extrusion-cooking or acid-treatment differ in this respect. A low-fiber high-starch diet was used as reference. There was a positive correlation between energy intake and urinary glucose excretion. No correlation between these parameters and weight increase was found. The mean urinary glucose excretion was lowest in the animals fed untreated rye bran (68 +/- 3 mmoles/24 h). No difference in urinary glucose excretion was found in the three different wheat bran groups (range of means: 102 +/- 10 - 105 +/- 7 mmoles/24 h). The highest urinary glucose excretion was found in the group fed the low-fiber high-starch diet (160 +/- 12 mmoles/24 h). It is thus concluded that untreated rye bran lowered urine glucose more than did untreated wheat bran, and that extrusion-cooking or acid-treatment did not change the urine glucose lowering effect of wheat bran.
I LOG IN, THEREFORE I AM AN INSIGHT ON THE CONTRIBUTION OF DATA TOWARDS IDENTITY CONSTRUCTION IN CYBERSPACE.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This paper is based on the assumption that a postmodern man without the Cartesian mind struggles to exist both in virtual and real world. Considering our dependency on ?data?, this paper will analyze how ?data? creates, constructs and manipulates our identity, artificial living and existence. Following the supposition that a person not ?logged? into technology and cyberspace merely exists or does not exist at all, this paper will analyze the modes how ?data? is becoming the single most component to survive in the virtual postmodern world. It also ventures through the concept of ?identity? and its cybernetic aspects considering the fact that ?data? creates and/or reforms identity. Our reliability on the process of data transmission through internet and integrated system components, devices and gadgets for multi-dimensional purposes is not only making gadgets an extension or prosthesis of ourselves but also it is replacing the functions of a skeptic mind ? hence we realize that ? ?Data is Power?. Finally, the paper will take an existential stance and - to log in or not to log in ? that will be the question.
Unexpected Binding Mode for 2‘-Phosphoadenosine-Based Nucleotide Inhibitors in Complex with Human Angiogenin Revealed by Heteronuclear NMR Spectroscopy

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Human angiogenin (Ang) is a tumor-promoting RNase in the pancreatic RNase superfamily. Efforts to develop nucleotide-based inhibitors of Ang as potential anticancer drugs have been hampered by the lack of direct structural information on Ang-nucleotide complexes. Here, we have used heteronuclear NMR spectroscopy with (15)N- and (15)N/(13)C-labeled Ang to map the interactions of Ang with the phosphate ion, seven adenosine mononucleotides (the 2'-, 3'-, and 5'-monophosphates, the 2',5'- and 3',5'-diphosphates, the 5'-diphosphate, and the 2'-monophospho-5'-diphosphate), and the dinucleotide 2'-deoxyuridine 3'-pyrophosphate (P' --> 5') adenosine-2'-phosphate (dUppA-2'-p). The 2'-phosphate based derivatives, which bind more tightly than the corresponding 3'-phosphate isomers, induced characteristic large resonance perturbations of the backbone amide proton of Leu(115), the backbone (15)N of His(114), and the Gln(12) side-chain NH(2) group in the Ang active site. In contrast, adenosine derivatives with only 3'- or 5'-phosphates produced much less dramatic perturbations of Leu(115) and His(114) resonances, along with modest perturbations of additional residues both within and beyond the active site. Measurements of NOEs together with molecular docking analyses revealed the three-dimensional structures of the complexes of Ang with adenosine 2',5'-diphosphate and dUppA-2'-p; the binding modes of these inhibitors differ substantially from those predicted in earlier studies. Most notably, the 2'-phosphate rather than the 5'-phosphate occupies the P(1) catalytic subsite of Ang, and the side chain of His(114) has undergone a conformational transition that positions it outside P(1) and allows it to form stacking interactions with the adenine ring of the inhibitor. Strikingly, the 2'-deoxyuridine moiety of dUppA-2'-p makes only a few contacts with Ang, and these involve residues outside the B(1) subsite where the pyrimidine ring of substrates normally binds.
Analisis Kejadian Anemia Pada Ibu Hamil di Puskesmas Kampili Kabupaten Gowa

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Anemia in pregnancy is a national problem because it reflects the socio-economic welfare values of society, and has a huge influence on the quality of human resources. The high incidence of anemia in pregnant women is very worrying because it can have a negative impact on mothers during pregnancy, childbirth and postpartum. The factors that influence the incidence of anemia are lack of nutrients, apart from that, education and maternal parity are closely related to the incidence of anemia. The aim of this study was to obtain information about anemia in pregnant women focusing on education, parity, maternal age and gestational age. This type of research is descriptive, namely to find out the general picture of the incidence of anemia in pregnant women, where the information is obtained from the results of medical records at the Kampili Community Health Center. Overall the population was 1090 and a sample of 375 pregnant women who experienced anemia were obtained. The results of the study concluded that the average education level of mothers who experienced anemia was mothers with a low education parity of more than 4, the mother's age was under 20 years and the gestational age was in the second trimester.
Estimating The Structural Capacity of Skin-timber

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In Korea, the market for wood products used in construction has been growing rapidly. Public opinion polls show that for wooden structures, Koreans prefer post-and-beam type construction with structural timber and exposed structural members because of its good appearance. Skin timber is expected to have good drying properties, improved efficiency of chemical injection, and good dimensional stability. To learn about the mechanical properties of skin timbers, we prepared various miniature skin timber specimens for pine and larch. Bored skin timber samples with five different boring diameters and non-bored sample specimens were used to determine their mechanical strength loss as a factor of the boring diameter. We found a relationship between strength characteristics and boring diameter that was highly significant statistically in the case of pine but not highly significant in the case of larch which has large variation in strength performances among groups. We developed a number of types of estimating equations for pine and larch, but a linear function was selected as the estimating equation for residual strength versus boring diameter because of its convenience. The coefficient of determination and regression equation were 0.97, y=-1.7664x+49.046 for pine and those values for larch were 0.87, y=-2.4285x+68.599, respectively.In Korea, the market for wood products used in construction has been growing rapidly. Public opinion polls show that for wooden structures, Koreans prefer post-and-beam type construction with structural timber and exposed structural members because of its good appearance. Skin timber is expected to have good drying properties, improved efficiency of chemical injection, and good dimensional stability. To learn about the mechanical properties of skin timbers, we prepared various miniature skin timber specimens for pine and larch. Bored skin timber samples with five different boring diameters and non-bored sample specimens were used to determine their mechanical strength loss as a factor of the boring diameter. We found a relationship between strength characteristics and boring diameter that was highly significant statistically in the case of pine but not highly significant in the case of larch which has large variation in strength performances among groups. We developed a number of types of estimating equations for pine and larch, but a linear function was selected as the estimating equation for residual strength versus boring diameter because of its convenience. The coefficient of determination and regression equation were 0.97, y=-1.7664x+49.046 for pine and those values for larch were 0.87, y=-2.4285x+68.599, respectively.
Location of sample points for reducing the multicollinearity between distance variables in regression analysis

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

回帰分析では，独立変数間の多重共線性によって推定モデルの信頼性が低下し，独立変数の役割の解釈が困難になるなどの問題がしばしば生ずる．特にこれは，都市施設からの距離が独立変数に含まれている場合に発生する．そこで本論文では，距離変数を独立変数に含む回帰分析において，多重共線性を抑制する標本点配置を空間的最適化を用いて数理的に導出する手法を提案する．この手法により，標本点の適切な配置が得られるだけではなく，多重共線性の回避という観点から見て，距離変数の定義に適した都市施設配置を系統的に論ずることも可能となる．手法の有効性を検証し，実際的に有用な情報を得るために，理論構築に併せて数値実験を実施する．
An econometric model of differential fertility in Iran.

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The economic theory of fertility argues that children can be a source of satisfaction while also entailing costs. Thus an increase in the cost of goods and services for children will tend to depress fertility. The task of empirical research is to establish the strength and the direction of the relationships between family size and tastes prices and incomes. Econometricians have adopted the model to make estimates using data on population aggregates. To explore the consequences for estimating demand functions for children by grouping the Iranian population by region one undertakes a multivariate regression analysis of data in which the data points have been divided into four groups. Separate demand equations are estimated for each group and then compared. Significant differences in fertility in these four regions is found.
Moral Distress of Staff Nurses in a Medical Intensive Care Unit

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

• Background Moral distress is caused by situations in which the ethically appropriate course of action is known but cannot be taken. Moral distress is thought to be a serious problem among nurses, particularly those who practice in critical care. It has been associated with job dissatisfaction and loss of nurses from the workplace and the profession. • Objectives To assess the level of moral distress of nurses in a medical intensive care unit, identify situations that result in high levels of moral distress, explore implications of moral distress, and evaluate associations among moral distress and individual characteristics of nurses. • Methods A descriptive, questionnaire study was used. A total of 28 nurses working in a medical intensive care unit anonymously completed a 38-item moral distress scale and described implications of experiences of moral distress. • Results Nurses reported a moderate level of moral distress overall. Highest levels of distress were associated with the provision of aggressive care to patients not expected to benefit from that care. Moral distress was significantly correlated with years of nursing experience. Nurses reported that moral distress adversely affected job satisfaction, retention, psychological and physical well-being, self-image, and spirituality. Experience of moral distress also influenced attitudes toward advance directives and participation in blood donation and organ donation. • Conclusions Critical care nurses commonly encounter situations that are associated with high levels of moral distress. Experiences of moral distress have implications that extend well beyond job satisfaction and retention. Strategies to mitigate moral distress should be developed and tested.
Power Consumption Efficiency of Encryption Schemes for RFID

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper provides a comparative analysis of AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) and Salsa20 algorithm implementations, focusing on power consumption efficiency in passive RFID (radio-frequency identification) tags and ultra-low-power devices. The main objective of this work is to determine which of these algorithms is more suitable to operate in these types of devices. For this purpose, ASIC (application-specific integrated circuit) implementations of AES and Salsa20 based on low-power approaches were developed and their power consumption was evaluated. The results demonstrate that Salsa20 power consumption is lower than AES (about 17%), indicating that Salsa20 is a much better choice than AES for passive RFID tags.
Parametric Optimization of PMEDM Process using Chromium Powder Mixed Dielectric and Triangular Shape Electrodes

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this article, parametric optimization for material removal rate (MRR) and tool wear rate (TWR) study on the powder mixed electrical discharge machining (PMEDM) of EN-8 steel has been carried out. Response surface methodology (RSM) has been used to plan and analyze the experiments. Average current, duty cycle, angle of electrode and concentration of chromium powder added into dielectric fluid of EDM were chosen as process parameters to study the PMEDM performance in terms of MRR and TWR. Experiments have been performed on newlydesigned experimental setup developed in laboratory.Most important parameters affecting selected performance measures have been identified and effects of their variations have been observed.
[Effects of a condom coated with menfegol, a spermicide, on sperm motility and viability].

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The effects of menfegol-coated condoms on sperm motility and viability were investigated. At 0.5 mg/ml and higher concentrations, mennfegol, a spermicidal agent, was found not only to suppress sperm motility buy also to kill the sperm completely, indicating that it has strong spermicidal potency. Normal semen samples were ejaculated directly into menfegol-coated or uncoated condoms. The sperm motility and viability were examined immediately after ejaculation. In the menfegol-coated condom, sperm motility was completely suppressed and no viable sperm were observed, whereas in the uncoated condom, most of the sperm were still alive, although their motility was virtually or completely suppressed. These results indicate that the menefegol-coated condom provides a new birth control method which enhances contraceptive efficacy with added spermicidal activity. (author's)
Addressing Disadvantage and the Human Good

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper sets out a framework in which we can distinguish between four types of redistributive attention to the disadvantaged: compensation; personal enhancement; targeted resource enhancement; and status enhancement. It is argued that in certain cases many of us will have strong intuitions in favour or against one or more strategies for addressing disadvantage, and it is further argued that in such cases it is likely that our reactions are based on assumptions about the human good. Hence the two issues — addressing disadvantage and the human good — shed light on one another [1].
Atypical Presentation of Mollaret’s Meningitis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Mollaret’s meningitis is mostly described in the setting of recurrent attacks of fever along with signs and symptoms of meningitis. It resolves spontaneously without any treatment and in most of the cases no causative organism is identified. Here we present an atypical case of mollaret’s meningitis in which the patient presented with headache and meningismus in the absence of fever.
Elections and political communication in the Nordic countries

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This chapter is a review of the main features of elections and the related political communication and campaigning in the Nordic countries. The focus is on national election campaigns in Norway, Sweden, mainland Finland, and mainland Denmark, with occasional references to Iceland and to other types of election campaigns. The first part of the chapter begins with a discussion of the rules and regulations governing elections across the Nordics. This discussion is followed by a review of the rules and regulations governing election campaign communication. The second part of this chapter presents the research programmes of voters and voting behaviour in the Nordic countries, as well as research programmes on election campaign communication. The goal of this second part is not to provide a detailed overview of past findings, but to reveal crucial similarities and differences with respect to elections and political communication across the Nordic countries.
Mitochondrial aconitase 1 regulates age‐related memory impairment via autophagy/mitophagy‐mediated neural plasticity in middle‐aged flies

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract Age‐related memory impairment (AMI) occurs in many species, including humans. The underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. In wild‐type Drosophila ( w 1118 ), AMI appears in the form of a decrease in learning (3‐min memory) from middle age (30 days after eclosion [DAE]). We performed in vivo , DNA microarray, and behavioral screen studies to identify genes controlling both lifespan and AMI and selected mitochondrial Acon1 ( mAcon1 ). mAcon1 expression in the head of w 1118 decreased with age. Neuronal overexpression of mAcon1 extended its lifespan and improved AMI. Neuronal or mushroom body expression of mAcon1 regulated the learning of young (10 DAE) and middle‐aged flies. Interestingly, acetyl‐CoA and citrate levels increased in the heads of middle‐aged and neuronal mAcon1 knockdown flies. Acetyl‐CoA, as a cellular energy sensor, is related to autophagy. Autophagy activity and efficacy determined by the positive and negative changes in the expression levels of Atg8a‐II and p62 were proportional to the expression level of mAcon1. Levels of the presynaptic active zone scaffold protein Bruchpilot were inversely proportional to neuronal mAcon1 levels in the whole brain. Furthermore, mAcon1 overexpression in Kenyon cells induced mitophagy labeled with mt‐Keima and improved learning ability. Both processes were blocked by pink1 knockdown. Taken together, our results imply that the regulation of learning and AMI by mAcon1 occurs via autophagy/mitophagy‐mediated neural plasticity.
A review on fluid dynamics of flapping foils

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The fluid dynamics of flapping foils are reviewed in this article. A very wide range of researches are conducted for the two-dimensional flapping foil which has a relatively simple geometry. However, for a three-dimensional foil, the aspect ratio and shape take effects and completely distinct fluid dynamics are revealed compared with the two-dimensional one. This review gives a summary on the experimental techniques and numerical methods used in the researches on the fluid dynamics of flapping foils. The effects of some key parameters including Reynolds number, reduced frequency, flapping amplitude and three-dimensional effect on the fluid dynamics of flapping foils are reviewed. The researches focusing on the wake structures, aero/hydrodynamic characteristics and energy harvesting efficiency are discussed. Finally, some conclusions are drawn and potential future research directions are recommended.
Light-response characteristics of photosynthesis of drip-irrigated sugar beet under different nitrogen fertilizer managements

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Effects of two split application ratios of nitrogen fertilizer (R1: half of the total nitrogen fertilizer was applied on 13 June, and the rest was applied on 1 July; R2: two equal amounts of N fertilizer accounting for 70% of total were applied on 15 June and 1 July, respectively, and the rest was applied on 1 August) and three N fertilizer application rates (75, 150, and 225 kg ha-1) on chlorophyll content, photosynthetic characteristics, and root yield of sugar beets were studied. The results showed that with N fertilizer application rates of 150 and 225 kg ha-1, R2 treatment significantly decreased light-compensation point, but increased light-saturation point and actual photochemical efficiency at the storage root development compared to R1 treatment. The R2 treatment with the N fertilizer application rate of 150 kg ha-1 significantly increased sugar yield by 5-29% compared to other treatments.