jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Marginalization of the Margins: The Importance of Smaller Islands in Human Prehistory

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Across the world's seas and oceans, archaeological research focused on islands has generally privileged those that are larger in size. Explanations for this phenomenon range from the (mis)perception by scholars that prehistoric peoples were more attracted to the presumed greater number and diversity of resources typically available on larger islands, to the ephemeral aspect of archaeological evidence on smaller land areas. These are coupled with logistical and infrastructure issues that often limit access to labor, equipment, and transportation to conduct field activities (e.g., remote atolls in the Pacific). A growing body of research demonstrates, however, that ancient peoples regularly and readily occupied and/or accessed many smaller islands for both terrestrial and marine resources. In some cases, within an archipelago, evidence shows an earlier occupation on smaller islands versus larger ones, or an attraction to the former given unique or seasonal resource availability and/or defensive capabilities. We describe cases from several areas of the world that highlight the importance of relatively small islands (∼1–500 km2) for understanding human adaptations in what many have considered to be among the most marginal of environments.
Transcription Elongation in Connection to 3’UTR Ends

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Transcription machinery is a coordinated and complex process, where various proteins have dynamic interactions. We are interested in better understanding how transcription related processes determine the end of 3’UTRs.3’UTRs harbor multiple polyadenylation signals that are selectively used by the polyadenylation machinery. While many factors may infuence poly(A) signal selection, transcriptional initiation and/or elongation is expected to play a major role. To begin investigating this, we chose in silico approach to determine whether transcription elongation rates affect poly(A) signal selection by using an in-house algorithm called APADetect. APADetect reveals potential short and long 3’UTR isoforms, as an indication of differential poly(A) selection. Overall, while inhibition of transcription elongation is also linked to decreased mRNA levels, we detected several cases where target genes are upregulated with a shift in proximal/distal poly(A) site usage.We plan to further investigate whether these unexpected cases are due to indirect effects and/or mRNA stability issues.
Retrospective evaluation of risk factors and treatment outcome predictors in cats presenting to the emergency room for constipation

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Objectives Constipation is a common complaint in cats presenting to the emergency room and can become a frustrating recurrent condition. Despite widespread anecdotal reports of risk factors for constipation, at the time of writing there have been no studies supporting these associations or assessing treatment outcomes. The aim of this study was to identify risk factors in the signalment, history, physical examination and clinicopathologic findings of cats presenting to the emergency room for constipation. In addition, we aimed to assess factors contributing to the success or failure of enemas administered to these cats. Methods A medical record search identified 189 cats with a diagnosis of constipation/obstipation that were treated and discharged by the emergency service at an academic veterinary hospital. Data regarding signalment, medical history, physical examination and clinicopathologic findings, as well as treatments performed, were recorded. Ninety-nine cats presenting to the emergency room for other reasons were identified as controls. Statistical analysis was performed to assess risk factors for constipation, as well as success/failure of enema treatments. Results Older, overweight cats and cats with chronic kidney disease or previous episodes of constipation were found to be at increased risk of constipation ( P <0.0001, P = 0.0004, P = 0.0046 and P <0.0001, respectively). Ionized calcium levels were significantly higher in constipated cats, though varied significantly within the cohort ( P = 0.0133). Cats noted to be painful on abdominal palpation were less likely to defecate following an enema. Adjunctive treatments (fluids, laxatives) increased the likelihood of a successful enema but were not statistically significant. Conclusions and relevance Older, overweight cats with a history of constipation or chronic kidney disease are more likely to present for constipation. Further studies are needed to determine the most appropriate treatment protocol in an urgent care setting.
Occurrence Download

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A dataset containing 343624 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query: { "and" : [ "TaxonKey is one of (Acteon tornatilis (Linnaeus, 1758), Balanus balanus (Linnaeus, 1758), Bylgides groenlandicus (Malmgren, 1867), Cephalothrix iwatai Chernyshev, 2013, Chlamylla intermedia (Bergh, 1899), Ciliatocardium ciliatum (O.Fabricius, 1780), Cucumaria frondosa (Gunnerus, 1767), Cuthonella cocoachroma (G.C.Williams & Gosliner, 1979), Doto coronata (Gmelin, 1791), Eteone flava (Fabricius, 1780), Galathowenia oculata (Zachs, 1923), Harmothoe imbricata (Linnaeus, 1767), Harmothoe imbricata (Linnaeus, 1767), Heteromastus Eisig, 1887, Hiatella arctica (Linnaeus, 1767), Hyas araneus (Linnaeus, 1758), Macoma calcarea (Gmelin, 1791), Mya truncata Linnaeus, 1758, Nereimyra aphroditoides (O.Fabricius, 1780), Ophiocten gracilis (G.O.Sars, 1872), Ophiocten sericeum (Forbes, 1852), Ophiopholis aculeata (Linnaeus, 1767), Ophiura robusta (Ayres, 1852), Paramphinome jeffreysii (McIntosh, 1868), Pholoe baltica Örsted, 1843, Phyllodoce groenlandica Örsted, 1842, Prionospio cirrifera Wirén, 1883, Prionospio cirrifera Wirén, 1883, Scaphander punctostriatus (Mighels & C.B.Adams, 1842), Serripes groenlandicus (Mohr, 1786), Strongylocentrotus pallidus (Sars G.O., 1872), Thyonidium drummondii (Thompson, 1840))", "HasCoordinate is true", "HasGeospatialIssue is false" ] } The dataset includes 343624 records from 705 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0008298-250227182430271/datasets/export for details. Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
Demilitarization Plan Operation of the Chemical Agent Munitions Disposal System (CAMDS) at Tooele Army Depot. Inclosure Number 15. Dunnage Incinerator Testing.

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

An air pollution engineering source sampling survey was conducted at Tooele Army Depot to evaluate particulate and visible emissions from the Transportable Disposal System (TDS) dunnage incinerator with respect to standards of 0.2 gr/scf and No. 1 Ringlemann. The waste charging rate was 500 lb/hr. The measured particulate emissions for the two required test runs were 0.113 and 0.190 gr/scf. The observed visible emission was essentially zero on the Ringlemann Scale. (Author)
The Role of Cultural Intelligence in Teams with Newcomers: A Multi-Level Model

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

We examine the importance of team cultural intelligence (CQ) in multicultural teams that have two common characteristics—teams tasked with creative performance that have culturally different newcomers. Team CQ is conceptualized as a shared cognitive system of cultural capabilities among longer tenured, incumbent members on the team. We argue that this set of team-level cultural cognitive capabilities influences team creativity as mediated by team information elaboration. We incorporate the role of motivation and suggest that team learning goal orientation will enhance the effect of team CQ on team outcomes. At the individual level, we explain how newcomers’ CQ may impact newcomer creativity via their information seeking behaviors. This model suggests that more attention to how team CQ is conceptualized, what motivations are contextually important, and how teams with culturally distinct newcomers incorporate these new members in team processes will be important themes in future CQ research.
The new kid on the block : an argument for video games as art

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Video Games have been around since the early 1970s. As decades have passed, they have grown more complex, and have also grown more popular. However, they are still typically not seen as art. Figures such as the late Roger Ebert adamantly denied any ability for video games to ever be considered an art form. Video game scholars have researched other aspects of the medium, with some focusing on games as narratives. However, there has not been adequate research or discussion on whether or not video games qualify as art. What exacerbates the problem is that there is no definitive definition for art. In this paper, I first examine definitions of art from various scholars before settling on one from Denis Dutton that blends objectivity with subjectivity. I then take an in-depth look at Dutton's definition, before applying it to three games- Heavy Rain, The of Us, and Journey- in order to examine their candidacy as works of art.
Positioning and Location-Aware Communications for Modern Railways with 5G New Radio

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Providing high-capacity radio connectivity for high-speed trains (HSTs) is one of the most important use cases of emerging 5G New Radio (NR) networks. In this article, we show that 5G NR technology can also facilitate high-accuracy continuous localization and tracking of HSTs. Furthermore, we describe and demonstrate how the NR network can utilize the continuous location information for efficient beam-management and beamforming, as well as for downlink Doppler precompensation in the single-frequency network context. Additionally, with particular focus on millimeter wave networks, novel concepts for low-latency intercarrier interference (ICI) estimation and compensation, due to residual Doppler and oscillator phase noise, are described and demonstrated. The provided numerical results at 30 GHz operating band show that sub-meter positioning and sub-degree beam-direction accuracies can be obtained with very high probabilities in the order of 95-99%. The results also show that the described Doppler precompensation and ICI estimation and cancellation methods substantially improve the throughput of the single-frequency HST network.
Performing Shakespeare in Japan by Minami Ryuta, Ian Carruthers, and John Gillies, ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001. 259 p. £45.00. ISBN: 0-521-78244-9. Stanca Scholz-Cionca and Samuel L. Leiter, ed.Japanese Theatre and the International Stage Leiden: Brill, 2001 (Japanese Studies Library, No. 12). 464 p. £80.00.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Performing Shakespeare in Japan by Minami Ryuta, Ian Carruthers, and John Gillies, ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001. 259 p. £45.00. ISBN: 0-521-78244-9. Stanca Scholz-Cionca and Samuel L. Leiter, ed.Japanese Theatre and the International Stage Leiden: Brill, 2001 (Japanese Studies Library, No. 12). 464 p. £80.00. - Volume 18 Issue 2
Assessment of DNA damage in ceramic workers

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

It is known that ceramic workers are potentially exposed to complex mixture of chemicals such as silica, inorganic lead, lime, beryllium and aluminum that can be associated with an increased risk of several diseases. All operations in the ceramic industries such as mixing, moulding, casting, shaking out and finishing jobs, have been associated with the higher exposure levels and in most of the silica-related industries, average overall exposure exceeded permissible exposure levels for respirable crystalline silica. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible genotoxic damage in ceramic workers exposed to complex mixture of chemicals mainly crystalline silica. For this purpose, the blood and buccal epithelial cell samples were taken from the ceramic workers (n = 99) and their controls (n = 81). The genotoxicity was assessed by the alkaline comet assay in isolated lymphocytes and whole blood. Micronucleus (MN), binucleated (BN), pyknotic (PYC), condensed chromatin (CC), karyolytic (KYL), karyorrhectic (KHC) and nuclear bud (NBUD) frequencies in buccal epithelial cells and plasma 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG) levels were also evaluated. In the study, 38 workers were diagnosed with silicosis, 9 workers were suspected to have silicosis, whereas 52 workers were found to be healthy. DNA damage in blood and lymphocytes; MN, CC + KHC, PYC frequencies in buccal epithelial cells and 8-oxodG levels in plasma were increased in workers compared to their controls. These results showed that occupational chemical mixture exposure in ceramic industry may cause genotoxic damage that can lead to important health problems in the workers.
Outcome-Based Redesign of Physical Chemistry Laboratories During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

We reported a redesign of a physical chemistry laboratory course (CHEM 166) for our chemistry majors at the University of Vermont carried out during the COVID-19 pandemic. We started to teach this course after a curriculum reform, which split an upper-division undergraduate laboratory course into physical and analytical chemistry laboratories. To address both traditional challenges in course implementation and student engagement as well as additional constraints imposed by the pandemic, an outcome-based approach was applied to better integrate CHEM 166 with the existing physical chemistry curriculum. We developed clear learning objectives for the entire laboratory course, revised each experiment to align those objectives, and provided students with a coherent experience to explore the structure-properties relationships of model molecules. According to direct and indirect assessments, the students taking CHEM 166 in Spring 2021 have achieved the overall learning objectives, indicating a success of the course redesign. While some aspects of the redesign associated with the pandemic (e.g., additional safety measures) may subside, we discuss how other pandemic-related components that were integrated during the redesign will be carried forward based on their apparent positive impacts. In general, this redesign established an integrated structure for students to enhance the physical chemistry learning experience, while also creating new opportunities for practicing advanced skills in scientific communication, problem solving, and critical thinking. This work, as a useful example of outcome-based course design, can be readily adopted by other institutions and for other chemistry laboratory courses.
Voices of rural people: Community-level assessment of effects and resilience to natural disasters in Odisha, India

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Globally, natural disasters have caused a large scale of damage and destruction every year, affecting millions of people, the economy, and development &ndash; and developing countries are the most severely affected. Odisha is one of India&rsquo;s most disaster-prone states. This study explores the effects of, and resilience to, cyclones, floods, droughts, and heatwaves in Odisha, and identifies government strategies that help mitigate these natural disasters. We mainly used primary data collected through a qualitative study undertaken from April 2017 to June 2017 in three districts of Odisha. We conducted in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with community members and key stakeholders at different levels. In addition, our study analyzed secondary data on natural disasters using DesInventar, a disaster information management system data source. The findings show that floods, cyclones, and drought in recent years, along with heatwaves and lightning, have severely affected the people of Odisha. The impacts of these natural disasters are calamitous &ndash; particularly on livelihoods, food security, health, water, and sanitation. These natural disasters, which have affected agriculture, fisheries, prawn cultivation, roadside vendors, and daily wage laborers, have both short- and long-term effects on the livelihoods of people in Odisha, leaving them with scarce employment opportunities. The vulnerable and marginalized sections of the population have been the most severely affected, and common coping mechanisms have included selling off livestock, borrowing food, taking loans and mortgages, and migration. The government&rsquo;s measures/programs, such as an Early Warning System, Public Distribution System, Multipurpose Cyclone Rehabilitation Centers, Seasonal Residential Care Centers, and Indira Awas Yojana, play a major role in mitigating the effect of disasters among rural communities. Our study indicates that natural disasters have impacted the population of the state socioeconomically, physically, and psychologically. The effect on livelihoods, directly and indirectly, exacerbates income, food security, and health. There is an urgent need to focus on reducing people&rsquo;s underlying vulnerabilities by taking proactive measures, engaging the community in decision-making, and generating alternative and sustainable livelihoods.
Private Benefits, Public Harms, and Citizen Participation in Corruption: a Field Experiment in Nairobi, Kenya

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract

In a two-stage field experiment (N = 1,403) in Nairobi, Kenya, we demonstrate that citizens’ own self-interest legitimates common instances of corruption but concerns for harming others subsequently attenuates real willingness to participate in it. An in-person vignette experiment that manipulates the reason bribes are commonly paid demonstrates that public support for bribery is highest when bribes function as a cooperative arrangement with officials that helps citizens avoid consequences of their own mistakes and misdeeds, even though participants also recognize that these self-interested bribes cause significant harm to other citizens and institutions. In a follow-up behavioral experiment, the same respondents were offered an opportunity to cooperate with a corrupt official to receive a disproportionate cash payment following their participation in the study. Willingness to engage in the corrupt transaction was significantly reduced by a subtle reminder that accepting the additional funds could result in monetary loss to other citizens. We compare our results to earlier work using laboratory-based bribery games and discuss the potential for anti-corruption strategies based on the same types of social group preferences normally regarded as detrimental to macro-level collective action.
Modernist Hangover? William Carlos Williams as Bob Perelman’s Poetic Cure

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract This article works through an examination of Bob Perelman’s poems in relation to major Williamsian defining features of the poet, poetic language, and poetics, and asks: Is there a way to recover from a modernist past that has become enshrined and canonized? How to relate to the bewildering inventiveness, as it sometimes walks hand in hand with a stupefying dogmatism? Developing a form of poetic activism over a span of more than fifty years, Perelman has shown growing interest in Williams’s work, the poems and the essays, as possible matrixes for a poetic practice that encompasses the preoccupation with language, the intermedial awareness of the poem’s interactions with the visual, and the ethical commitment to a political and philosophical discourse on the human.
The Indigenous political in the post-Soviet Sakha Republic

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This research analyzes the socioeconomic and political structures, social and cultural networks, and forms of Indigenous mobilizations in a region where Indigenous political representation in the traditional sense is heavily circumscribed. Indigenous groups throughout the Russian Arctic are immensely affected by the state’s prioritization of extractive activities. This privileging of business interests often de-politicizes Indigenous mobilization by delegitimizing claims-making, undermining Indigenous territorial rights, and increasing economic disempowerment. Yet, I consider the de-politicization process as not only an important strategy for exercising state power, reinforcing dominant ideologies, and restricting politics, but also as a force that inspires countering efforts that can shape alternative political opportunities, expressions, and mechanisms. The research inquiry reveals that even though local Indigenous groups distance themselves from the overt politicization of Indigeneity, they still produce alternative narratives and employ strategies adequate to certain de-politicized contexts. In this sense, the Indigenous activists reformulate the pre-existing cultural, economic, and political meanings, values, and practices, challenging and subverting the bureaucratic forms of domination and discipline. Thus, the dissertation project focuses on local unpredictable and at times contradictory narratives and articulations of Indigeneity at the intersection of regional, national, and global histories. This research engages with the growing literature on post-Soviet theorizations of Indigeneity and of Indigenous subjects, and with Indigenous activisms, contributing to ethnography focused on Indigenous communities of Sakha Republic and their ambivalent position within the post-Soviet Russian state. The analysis is built on intensive academic and grey literature synthesis, on the yearlong ethnographic fieldwork in Yakutsk (a capital city) and the Olenyek district of Sakha Republic, integrating anthropological and Indigenous research methods, including participant observation in three villages and a collection of semi-structured interviews and life histories, and finally, on ongoing Internet facilitated communication proving feedback on the analysis, when possible, with selected Sakha Republic-based individuals from a variety of interest groups.
Holistic Network Virtualization and Pervasive Network Intelligence for 6G

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this tutorial paper, we look into the evolution and prospect of network architecture and propose a novel conceptual architecture for the 6th generation (6G) networks. The proposed architecture has two key elements, i.e., holistic network virtualization and pervasive artificial intelligence (AI). The holistic network virtualization consists of network slicing and digital twin, from the aspects of service provision and service demand, respectively, to incorporate service-centric and user-centric networking. The pervasive network intelligence integrates AI into future networks from the perspectives of networking for AI and AI for networking, respectively. Building on holistic network virtualization and pervasive network intelligence, the proposed architecture can facilitate three types of interplay, i.e., the interplay between digital twin and network slicing paradigms, between model-driven and data-driven methods for network management, and between virtualization and AI, to maximize the flexibility, scalability, adaptivity, and intelligence for 6G networks. We also identify challenges and open issues related to the proposed architecture. By providing our vision, we aim to inspire further discussions and developments on the potential architecture of 6G.