jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of phagocytic function of macrophages in vitro by dimer RNase of Bacillus intermedius

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

The interactions between rat peritoneal macrophage and Bacillus intermedius dimer RNase cross linked by dimethylsuberimidate was investigated in vitro. It has been found that dimer in the form of RNase at concentrations of 0.5–40μg/ml decreases the phagocytic function of macrophages. This is manifested as an inhibition of phagocytosis and suppression of the fusion of phagosomes with lysosomes in macrophages. Using atomic force microscopy, it is shown that the dimer RNase changes the surface structure of the cytoplasmic membrane more strongly than the monomer. The association between modifications of properties of the membrane and inhibition of the macrophage phagocytic function is discussed.
Generating Brand Awareness in Online Social Networks

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

With their exceptional interactive and communicative capabilities, Online Social Networks (OSNs) allow destinations and companies to heighten their brand awareness. Many tourist destinations and hospitality brands are exploring the use of OSNs to form brand awareness and generate positive WOM. The purpose of this research is to propose and empirically test a theory-driven model of brand awareness in OSNs. A survey among 230 OSN users was deployed to test the theoretical model. The data was analyzed using SEM. Study results indicate that building brand awareness in OSNs increases WOM traffic. In order to foster brand awareness in OSN, it is important to create a virtually interactive environment, enabling users to exchange reliable, rich and updated information in a timely manner. Receiving financial and/or psy-chological rewards and accessing exclusive privileges in OSNs are important factors for users. Both system quality and information quality were found to be important precursors of brand awareness in OSNs. Study results support the importance of social media in online branding strategies. Virtual interactivity, system quality, information content quality, and rewarding activities influence and generate brand awareness, which in return, triggers WOM.
Characterization of Phenolic Compounds Extracted from Cold Pressed Cactus (Opuntia ficus-indica L.) Seed Oil and the Effect of Roasting on Their Composition

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Phenolic compounds extracted from cactus seed oil were identified for the first time by HPLC-ESI-qToF-MS and subsequently quantified by HPLC-DAD. A total of 7 compounds were identified, vanillin, syringaldehyde, and ferulaldehyde were found to be the most abundant ones. The effect of geographical origin and roasting process of cactus seeds was evaluated. Differences between different locations were not found, however the roasting process had a significant effect on the amount of phenolic compounds. The amount of syringaldehyde, p-coumaric acid, p-coumaric acid ethyl ester, and ferulaldehyde increased during the roasting process. Nevertheless, the concentration of vanillin was not influenced by roasting. It was demonstrated that the increase of those compounds was due to the thermal degradation of lignin from the seeds during the roasting process of seeds.
Injection of Oort Cloud Comets: The Fundamental Role of Stellar Perturbations

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We present Monte Carlo simulations of the dynamical evolution of the Oort cloud over the age of the Solar System, using an initial sample of one million test comets without any cloning. Our model includes perturbations due to the Galactic tide (radial and vertical) and passing stars. We present the first detailed analysis of the injection mechanism into observable orbits by comparing the complete model with separate models for tidal and stellar perturbations alone. We find that a fundamental role for injecting comets from the region outside the loss cone (perihelion distance q > 15 AU) into observable orbits (q < 5 AU) is played by stellar perturbations. These act in synergy with the tide such that the total injection rate is significantly larger than the sum of the two separate rates. This synergy is as important during comet showers as during quiescent periods and concerns comets with both small and large semi-major axes. We propose different dynamical mechanisms to explain the synergies in the inner and outer parts of the Oort Cloud. We find that the filling of the observable part of the loss cone under normal conditions in the present-day Solar System rises from <1 % for a < 20 000 AU to about 100 % for a >= 100 000 AU.
Medicarpin suppresses lung cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo by inducing cell apoptosis

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Lung cancer (LC) is the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Surgery, chemoradiotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy are considered dominant treatment strategies for LC in the clinic. However, drug resistance and meta-stasis are two major challenges in cancer therapies. Medicarpin (MED) is an isoflavone compound isolated from alfalfa, which is usually used in traditional medicine. This study was de sig ned to evaluate the anti-LC effect and reveal the underlying mechanisms of MED in vivo and in vitro . We found that MED could significantly inhibit proliferation, induce apoptosis, and cell cycle arrest of A549 and H157 cell lines. Basically, MED induced cell apoptosis of LC cells by upregu lating the expression of pro-apoptotic proteins BAX and Bak1, leading to the cleavage of caspase-3 (Casp3). Moreover, MED inhibited the proliferation of LC cells via downregulating the expression of proliferative protein Bid. Overall, MED inhibited LC cell growth in vitro and in vivo via suppressing cell proliferation and inducing cell apoptosis, suggesting the therapeutic potential of MED in treating LC.
Forced eruption and implant site development in the aesthetic zone: A case report

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT A multidisciplinary approach to develop the future implant site in the aesthetic zone was illustrated. A patient with perio-endo combined lesion at her upper central incisors was treated. Before extraction, forced eruption was performed and 12 months later, satisfactory amount of bone apposition was detected. At 2 weeks after atraumatic extraction, implants were placed and loaded with implant-supported restorations following osseous healing. Variables related to crown dimensions, periodontal/peri-implanter soft-tissue health and patient's aesthetic satisfaction were recorded at baseline, before extraction and after prosthetic treatment. At 12-month control, crown dimensions in the implant site were identical to the baseline and in addition to the healthy peri-implant tissues, successful aesthetics were obtained. Forced eruption is a successful non-invasive method to develop the aesthetics of the peri-implant tissues and implant-supported restorations.
Phylogeny of species formerly assigned to the genus Archocentrus (Perciformes: Cichlidae)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A phylogeny for 28 cichlid species that have been included in or near the same clade as Archocentrus centrarchus (type species of the genus) in previous phylogenetic analyses is presented, based on 98 morphological characters (osteology, gutcoiling pattern, pigmentation, squamation, meristics, and others), plus one cytogenetic character. Monophyly is supported for Archocentrus sensu stricto, Cryptoheros, Hypsophrys, Amatitlania, and Rocio; the relationships among these genera are not resolved. The three subgenera of Cryptoheros are also supported; Cr. panamensis is the sister group of the rest of the species in the genus. Within Cryptoheros (Cryptoheros), Cr. chetumalensis is the sister group of the clade Cr. spilurus + Cr. cutteri. Within Amatitlania the pattern is: (Am. coatepeque (Am. nigrofasciata (Am. siquia + Am. kanna))).
[Ambulatory surgical treatment of uncomplicated inguinal hernia with minimal local anesthesia].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

At a time when scientific progress is to the forefront in the field of anesthesia, by the increased knowledge and use of anesthetic drugs and their antidotes, and by the increasing sophistication of anesthetic and intensive care apparatuses, it could appear absurd to wish to make local anesthesia in treatment of uncomplicated inguinal hernia a commonplace procedure. However, confronted with the usual risks of general anesthesia and the minimal incidence of accidents after local injection of 2% xylocaine, the authors have developed a technique of infiltration of certain key-zones to ensure maximum effectiveness of 4 to 6 cc of the compound. Results are reported of the use of the method in 100 ambulatory patients, age range 15 to 70 years, of both sexes. A full discussion on the procedure adopted follows a brief summary of the anatomy and nerve supply of the inguinal region.
The politics of Gulf foreign aid: from survival and solidarity to political and military influence

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article critically examines the shifting dynamics of foreign aid politics within the Gulf states. Historically rooted in cultural factors and solidarity with Arab and Muslim nations, foreign aid from prominent donors such as the UAE, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and Kuwait has undergone a profound transformation. Their aid has evolved from solidarity aid into an effective instrument of foreign policy, used strategically to project power and expand regional influence. This shift has not only redefined the role of Gulf countries in international and regional politics but has also catalysed the transformation of states in the broader Middle East. This article, therefore, seeks to answer the following two questions: (1) How do we explain the evolution of the politicisation of Gulf foreign aid? and (2) To what extent has the provision of Gulf foreign aid been a crucial determinant of changing regional dynamics in the Middle East, particularly since the Arab uprisings in 2011? It argues that Gulf donors have become crucial power brokers, shaping the politics and trajectories of key states such as Egypt post 2011. Their substantial financial assistance has proven instrumental in steering political and socio-economic transformations, highlighting the pivotal role of Gulf aid in shaping regional affairs.
Labour Migration to the Northern Nigerian Tin Mines, 1903–1945

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The study of migrant labour in Africa has tended to emphasize social form rather than historical context. This study of the immense migrant labour force that worked the Northern Nigerian tin mines is placed in the context of the ongoing subsumption of labour and existing social relationships by capital. Colonial conquest was required for the establishment of tin mining in Nigeria on a capitalist basis to serve the industrial needs of the West. Pre-colonial social organization prevented the release of sufficient labour for this purpose. After conquest, a migrant labour force was built up in conjuncture with a growing reserve army of labour by means of cash taxation, penetration of the market, weakening of slavery and state use of forced labour. In the second decade of the twentieth century there was substantial pressure from mineowners for the colonial regime to institute Rhodesian-style labour recruitment methods, but this was ultimately rejected because of the costs involved, the desire to encourage cash crop growth and the overarching aim of social stability. As a result, it was largely market forces which threw up the pool of labour that worked the mines, notably from the cash crop poor parts of Northern Nigeria and neighbouring French colonies. Initially, migrant labour was the most satisfactory option for many Northern Nigerian peasants, whose wages earned most in the pre-World War I era. The purchasing power of a miner's wage tended to decline, but social forces continued to throw up cheap labour. In World War II, the state instituted forced labour to mine tin, but the scheme was expensive, unproductive and opposed by business. The 1940s represented the nadir of worker poverty and the war was followed by a period of heightened social and political resistance to capital and the state. The tin mines both helped to cause and profited from the decay of the older mode of production in Northern Nigeria.
Investigation of Effects of Several Fuel-injection Locations on Operational Performance of a 20-inch Ram Jet

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Report presenting the results of an investigation to determine the effects of several methods of fuel injection on the operational performance of a 20-inch ram jet. Four fuel-injection arrangements using the same flame holder were presented. Results regarding the variation of combustion efficiency, ram-pressure ratio, location of the point of fuel injection, and range of fuel-air ratios over which combustion can be maintained are provided.
Class Struggle and Displacement: Slavoj Žižek and Film Theory

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In the following, I argue against cognitivist film scholars, such as David Bordwell and Noël Carroll, for the relevance of Slavoj Žižek in the field of film criticism and theory. I argue that Žižek's work presents a wholly new mode of criticism which focuses on the ideological displacement of class struggle in cinema. Class struggle, according to Žižek, represents the social Real, in the Lacanian sense. By focusing on the Lacanian Real, as opposed to the Imaginary or the Symbolic, Žižek accomplishes what early film theorists were only too eager (but unable) to develop: a psychoanalytic theory of film. However, rather than focus on film spectatorship, I claim that Žižek's work is useful in critiquing the content of films. The focus, here, begins with an examination of early film theory and the critique thereof by cognitivist film scholars. Žižek's exegetic use of films is then examined before considering the concept of the Real in psychoanalysis. After considering the function of the Real in political analysis, I conclude by looking at the displacement of class struggle as the social Real in films.
Relationships Between Modifiable Risk Factors of Hamstring Strain Injury

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Ripley, NJ, Comfort, P, and McMahon, JJ. Relationships between modifiable risk factors of hamstring strain injury. J Strength Cond Res 38(3): 510–516, 2024—The aims of this study were to determine whether any relationship exists between eccentric hamstring strength and isokinetic strength imbalances and bicep femoris long head (BF LH ) architecture. Eighteen physically active men (age 24.7 ± 4.3 years, height 181.9 ± 7.2 cm, mass 84.9 ± 12.9 kg) had resting BF LH muscle architecture assessed using ultrasound, with images taken at the midmuscle belly. Measures of isokinetic strength of the knee extensors and flexors involved subjects performing 3 maximal effort repetitions of concentric knee extension and eccentric knee flexion at 60°·s −1 . Good-excellent relative reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient ≥0.86) and low variability (coefficient of variation <10%) were observed for all variables. Relative BF LH fascicle length (FL) demonstrated significant moderate-to-nearly-perfect associations with isokinetic measures identified as hamstring strain injury risk factors ( p < 0.05, r = 0.38–0.92), whereas absolute BF LH FL was not significantly or meaningfully associated with isokinetic measures ( p = 0.07–0.961, r = 0.01–0.30). Relative BF LH FL should be considered when assessing resting BF LH muscle architecture because it is potentially a more appropriate measure of injury risk because of its greater association with strength measures. However, absolute BF LH FL may have a greater usefulness during growth, maturation, and individual proportions.
Linguistic, cognitive, and affective components of L2 listening comprehension: A multidimensional model

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

There has been a growing interest in L2 listening with regard to the factors involved in the process. Previous studies mainly focused on how certain variables influence L2 listening without investigating how the variables interact with each other as well. Adopting a componential approach, the present study aimed to investigate how grammar and vocabulary knowledge, L2 listening anxiety and willingness to listen in L2, working memory, and metacognitive awareness interact with overall L2 listening and each other. A group of 212 university students with intermediate to upper-intermediate proficiency enrolled at two state universities in 2020-2021 calendar in Turkey participated in the study. The participants completed a series of instruments measuring each one of the variables over a three-week period. The relationship between the components and L2 listening was measured through Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) using maximum likelihood estimation. After meticulous analyses, a statistically and theoretically sound model was put forward. The model highlights the significant impact of these components on L2 listening comprehension and displays their complex interplay with each other. Within this intricate web, vocabulary and grammar emerge as pivotal components, substantially influencing L2 comprehension as well as interacting with and shaping the other variables.
Understanding empathy in equine assisted psychotherapy

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Equine assisted therapies are growing in popularity as a modality for treating various mental health and developmental challenges. Many of these challenges require focused work on the development of empathy, perspective taking, and attunement to self and others. This study examines the participants’ experiences and understanding of empathy as it relates to self, humans, and equine partners via structured qualitative interviews with four therapy participants. The interviews conducted for this study demonstrated a distinct common understanding of empathy as the ability to take perspective based on the human’s or animal’s own orientation in the world; an understanding that developing empathy within the context of equine therapy was emotionally laborious and required significant work and emotional engagement on the participant’s behalf. The interviews indicated that the participants’ perceived the horse as emotionally neutral in therapeutic interactions. Furthermore, the study indicated that a central component to the perceived success of this modality of therapy was a parallel process in relationship between the facilitator/client dyad and the client/equine dyad.
The Prevalence of Renal Dysfunction in Young Adults with Sickle Cell Disease.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Sickle cell disease is typified by dramatic acute painful episodes, which consume the majority of patients’ and healthcare providers’ attention. However, the cumulative damage to vital organs that occurs in this disease is often the determinant of early death. The kidneys are a major target organ in sickle cell disease and renal failure is a highly morbid event. It is also strongly associated with early death. Glomerular hyperfiltration is often the earliest sign of renal injury. This is followed by return to apparently normal filtration rates, then successively lower rates, culminating in end-stage renal disease. Microalbuminuria follows hyperfiltration and progresses to frank proteinuria. We evaluated the prevalence of renal dysfunction in a cohort of patients with sickle cell disease managed at the University of Tennessee Cancer Institute’s adult sickle cell program. At entry into the program, patients underwent a routine battery of tests, including 24 hour urine collection for measurement of creatinine clearance and urine protein. Our findings are summarized in the table below. By the age of 25 years, almost 80% of patients with sickle cell disease showed significant abnormality of glomerular filtration and 40% had significant proteinuria. This worsens with age. By a median of 37 years, 2 in 3 patients have developed significant proteinuria and hypofiltration has become the predominant pattern of glomerular filtration abnormality. Since renal injury is reversible in the early stages, more emphasis needs to be placed on aggressive early screening, surveillance and intervention. Intervention at the stage of hyperfiltration and microalbuminuria is easier and much more likely to be successful. Patients and their healthcare providers need to be educated on the high prevalence of renal damage. Efforts at education, screening, surveillance and, where necessary, treatment should begin well before adolescence.
Uncovering plant microbiomes using long-read metagenomic sequencing

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract

The microbiome of plants plays a pivotal role in their growth and health. Despite its importance, many fundamental questions about the microbiome remain largely unanswered, such as the identification of colonizing bacterial species, the genes they carry, and the location of these genes on chromosomes or plasmids. To gain insights into the genetic makeup of the rice leaf microbiome, we performed a metagenomic analysis using long-read sequences, and developed a genomic DNA extraction method that provides relatively intact DNA for long-read sequencing. 1.8 Gb reads were assembled into 26,067 contigs, including 136 circular sequences of less than 1 Mbp, as well as 172 large (≥ 1 Mbp) sequences, six of which were circularized. Within these contigs, 669 complete 16S rRNA genes were clustered into 166 bacterial species, 130 of which showed low identity to previously defined sequences, suggesting that they represent novel species. The large circular contigs contain novel chromosomes and a megaplasmid, and most of the smaller circular contigs (<1 Mbp) were defined as novel plasmids or bacteriophages. One circular contig represents the complete chromosome of an uncultivated bacterium in the candidate phylum Candidatus Saccharibacteria. Our findings demonstrate the efficacy of long-read-based metagenomics for profiling microbial communities and discovering novel sequences in plant-microbiome studies.
A Survey of Catadioptric Omnidirectional Camera Calibration

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

For dozen years, computer vision becomes more popular, in which o mn idirectional camera has a larger field of view and widely been used in many fields, such as: robot navigation, visual surveillance, virtual reality, three-dimensional reconstruction, and so on.Camera calibration is an essential step to obtain threedimensional geo metric informat ion fro m a twodimensional image.Meanwh ile, the omnid irectional camera image has catadioptric distortion, which need to be corrected in many applicat ions, thus the study of such camera calibration method has important theoretical significance and pract ical applications.This paper firstly introduces the research status of catadioptric omnid irect ional imaging system; then the image formation process of catadioptric o mnid irectional imaging system has been given; finally a simple classification of o mnidirectional imaging method is given, and we discussed the advantages and disadvantages of these methods.
Rapidly progressive fatal bihemispheric infarction secondary to Moyamoya syndrome in association with Graves thyrotoxicosis.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Moyamoya syndrome is the secondary form of intracranial arterial occlusive diseases that produces collateral vessels from the base of brain. We report a case of Moyamoya syndrome developing in association with Graves thyrotoxicosis; as a result of its rapid progression and severe global ischemia, it was ultimately fatal. Because of the rarity of this association, we reviewed the literature in an attempt to establish possible demographic and clinical characteristics that may suggest putative mechanisms of pathogenesis.