jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Affinity-Based Functionalization of Biomedically Utilized Micelles Composed of Triblock Copolymers through Polymer-Binding Peptides

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Polymeric micelles and vesicles that are self-assembled from amphiphilic block copolymers are frequently used in biomedical applications. Poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)-poly(propylene oxide) (PPO)-PEO, so-called Pluronic, is a Food and Drug Administration approved triblock copolymer utilized in biomedical applications. However, the control of drug loading and surface functionalization of micelles remain challenging due to structural limitations. In this study, Pluronic micelles with various structures were rationally functionalized via the PPO-binding peptide, which was previously identified using a biologically constructed peptide library displayed on filamentous phages. The interactions between the peptide and Pluronic micelles were characterized in detail based on fluorescence changes in an extrinsic fluorescence dye, and a sufficient PPO chain length of Pluronic was essential for the interactions. Furthermore, enzymatic degradation of the model substrate-conjugated peptide loaded into Pluronic micelles showed stable loading of the peptide. Importantly, the exposure level of the conjugated molecules to the peptide was dependent on the PEO chain length of Pluronic, suggesting controllable functionalization of polymeric micelles. Anticancer drug-conjugated peptide-loaded Pluronic micelles with suitable polymeric structures were applied in a cell culture assay. The anticancer efficacy of the loaded drugs can be controlled by the molecular design of the binding peptide and polymers. These results demonstrate that an affinity-based functionalization strategy may facilitate polymeric micelles for various biomedical applications.
Thermal Positive Ion Emission from Alkali-Metal Iodide Mixtures

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Time variation of the emission of both positive ions and neutral particles was simultaneously examined with one-and two-component systems of alkali-metal iodides on a platinum wire heated to 1080°C. A “suppression effect” was observed: - by the presence of the heavier alkali-metal iodide, MHI, (1)the emission pattern of the lighter alkali-metal ion, ML+, was much changed, (2)the integrated emission current of ML+ was reduced to 40-60%, and(3)the reduction of ML+ emission current was accompanied by an increase in ML emission in the form of neutral particles by 20-30%, while the MH+ emission was not affected by the presence of WLI. Discussion on a mechanism of this effect is given from three view-points of the work function change, charge transfer, and recombination reaction. The conclusion is that the suppression effect is due to the recombination of ML+ and I- on the filament surface enhanced by the presence of MHI.
A New Type of Misaligned Journal Bearing with Flexible Structure

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A flexible structure is applied to improve the lubrication performance of a misaligned journal bearing. The journal bearing is representative sliding bearing and there are damages due to metal-to-metal contact by misalignment. Since misalignment is an unavoidable phenomenon, a journal bearing with a flexible structure was proposed as a way to improve it. The lubrication characteristics of the bearing are evaluated numerically under steady-state condition. EHL (elastohydrodynamic lubrication) analysis considering elastic deformation was performed. The lubrication performance is compared in accordance with variation of the geometry of the flexible structure and evaluated based on the minimum film thickness. Moreover, the results of the journal bearing with flexible structure are compared with those of the journal bearing without the flexible structure. The flexible structure is then applied in the form of a groove to the area supporting high load on the journal bearing; it is elastically deformed by the generated oil-film pressure, which helps to obscure a larger oil film. Through numerical analysis, it is found that the journal bearing with flexible structure can improve the lubrication performance in the misaligned condition.
GENETIC IMPROVEMENT OF B. japonicum TO TOLERATE ABIOTIC STRESSES VIA PROTOPLAST FUSION

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Two distinguished Bradyrhizobium japonicum Egyptian strains, i.e.SE8 and DO4, each was fused with the fast growing Rhizobium fredii USDA201 strain.Nine fusants were obtained in the first attempt (USDA 201 and SE8) and four fusants were obtained in the second attempt ( USDA201 and DO4).All fusants were characterized on the bases of nodulation efficiency, salt and drought tolerance, heavy metals resistance and antibiotic resistance.Electrophoretic plasmid profiles of these fusants and their parents were studied and the relatedness between them was determined according to their phylogeneric tree.Some fusants retained their nodulation efficiency and showed higher efficiencies in salt, drought and /or heavy metals resistance than their parents.
Incorporating a Supplemental Lesson into Curriculum about Educating Children on the Dangers of Antibacterial Hand Soaps

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The research question addressed is how to incorporate a supplemental lesson into curriculum on the dangers of antibacterial hand soaps? The motivating factor for this capstone was the chemical and pesticide, triclosan, found in many personal care products, including hand soaps in schools and in homes. Just like many products that are antibacterial, triclosan kills unwanted germs and more! Schools use it to prevent diseases, but what they don’t know are the dangers. The U.S. has an epic fear of germs and being sick. The fight against germs continues, but at what cost? I used a few individuals for the foundation of environmental education in the paper, such as Rachel Carson and Stuart B. Levy. I found Carson’s research on pesticides and Levy’s research on specifically triclosan to be helpful when writing the paper. I decided to use the scientific method and a basic biological experiment to incorporate into an environmental education lesson (informal or formal setting).
Silicification by Diatoms

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The species-specific, genetically determined silica frustule of diatoms provides an excellent eukaryotic model for understanding the process of biomineralization and how it is regulated. An effort is made to define molecular events and biochemical constituents in silicon mineralization and to correlate these events with those aspects of silica frustule morphogenesis which have been reported in the published work. A sequential series of steps of silicic acid interaction with the cell is proposed which might be expected for silicon metabolism leading to cell wall formation. A model is put forward that provides for a conceptual framework for continued studies in this area, and provides testable hypotheses which should lead to a greater understanding of biomineralization processes in general and silicification in particular.
Force measurements for tow tank testing

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This thesis outlines the development of a force measurement system for Texas \nTech's Department of Mechanical Engineering tow tank. The system is based on a \nresistance strain gage balance which measures lift, drag, and pitching moment on a model. \nBalance calibration and interaction equations were used to ensure accurate response from \nthe balance's comparatively simple structure. Data acquisition and control of the tow \ntank's carnage were integrated into a single personal computer. This allowed high \nsampling rates and accurate timing of events, which was important to develop a system \nwhich was capable of measuring transient loads on a model. Also discussed is a \ncomputationally efficient method of digital signal processing which i~ capable of remm ing \nthe large noise amplitudes present in the measured data. \nTwo brief model studies were performed to verify the accuracy of th~ system and \nits ability to measure changing loads. A model wing based on the B 1 bomber planform \nwas tested under various steady and unsteady conditions. A model parachute was studied \nto determine the dependence of drag on acceleration.
Psychosocial support to vulnerable youth in vocational schools in northern Uganda

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This report describes the psychosocial interventions of AVSI [an international nongovernmental organization (INGO) operating in Uganda since 1984] in Kitgum District of northern Uganda. These interventions are part of the educational programmes aimed at supporting vulnerable youth through vocational training. Apart from the educational support, the beneficiaries of the programme are also offered psychosocial support. This support is meant to help youth who have undergone difficult, and at times, traumatic experiences during the insecurity that has lasted for two decades and affected almost all families in northern Uganda. For many of the youth, access to education cannot be the only means to empower them to overcome psychosocial problems; but in combination with counselling, they can be supported to gain self confidence and to redefine their roles as independent and important members of their communities.
Controlled plasma-droplet interactions: Two-phase flow millifluidic system

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this study, a well-defined and controlled plasma-droplet two-phase flow millifluidic system was developed. We established a detailed quantitative relationship among plasma discharge characteristics, flow dynamics, and the gas–liquid transport properties of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS). Under constant energy inputs, the gas–liquid contact area in the two-phase flow initially increases and subsequently decreases with rising liquid flow rates. Efficient gas–liquid transport results in a linear decrease in residual gaseous RONS and a corresponding linear increase in aqueous RONS, both of which align with changes in gas–liquid contact area. Notably, across various two-phase flow conditions, the combined values of residual gaseous RONS and liquid oxidation capacity consistently match the decreased plasma intensity due to droplet involvement in the discharge. The quantitative optimization of fluid characteristics and RONS transport within the two-phase flow millifluidic system significantly boosts the energy efficiency of Methyl Orange decolorization, far exceeding that of traditional methods.
Stimulation of myofibrillar protein degradation and expression of mRNA encoding the ubiquitin‐proteasome system in C2C12 myotubes by dexamethasone: effect of the proteasome inhibitor MG‐132

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Addition of the synthetic glucocorticoid, dexamethasone (Dex) to serum-deprived C2C12 myotubes elicited time- and concentration-dependent changes in Nτ-methylhistidine (3-MH), a marker of myofibrillar protein degradation. Within 24 h, 100 nM Dex significantly decreased the cell content of 3-MH and increased release into the medium. Both of these responses had increased in magnitude by 48 h and then declined toward basal values by 72 h. The increase in the release of 3-MH closely paralleled its loss from the cell protein. Furthermore, Dex also decreased the 3-MH:total cell protein ratio, suggesting that myofibrillar proteins were being preferentially degraded. Incubation of myotubes with the peptide aldehyde, MG-132, an inhibitor of proteolysis by the (ATP)-ubiquitin (Ub)-dependent proteasome, prevented both the basal release of 3-MH (>95%) and the increased release of 3-MH into the medium in response to Dex (>95%). Northern hybridization studies demonstrated that Dex also elicited similar time- and concentration-dependent increases in the expression of mRNA encoding two components (14 kDa E2 Ub-conjugating enzyme and Ub) of the ATP-Ub-dependent pathway. The data demonstrate that Dex stimulates preferential hydrolysis of myofibrillar proteins in C2C12 myotubes and suggests that the ATP-Ub-dependent pathway is involved in this response. J. Cell. Physiol. 181:455–461, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
A Golden Decade

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract The five countries of the Nordic region have a common cultural and historical background. In the field of communication, they share institutions, conferences, publications and networks. In order to reveal how this shared tradition is manifested in scientific communication, the present text analyses the evolution of publication patterns of Nordic communication scholars by applying bibliometric techniques to over five hundred articles published in international scientific journals from 2001 to 2010. Different parameters were analysed: institution and country of origin, number of authors, typology of collaborations, topics studied and the level of specialization. During the decade under study, the presence of Nordic scholars in international journals doubled, manifesting the growing internationalization of Nordic communication research. Co-authorship patterns predominantly involve collaboration with Anglo-Saxon scholars, particularly North American. A high level of specialization was found in areas such as technologies and new media, which was reflected in the journals chosen as vehicles for publication
The significance of poetry in english literature

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Poetry, the highest form of literature, influences us because it shows different shades of human beings. In fact, poetry is one of the most ancient arts and also the product of human imagination. It expresses different feelings such as friendship, love, death and other human emotions. In literature, poetry stands first even today because poetry has such power to influence this world. Poetry still dominates other forms of literature such as novel, drama, short story etc. Poetry is taught in schools and colleges across the world. The reason is that poetry can tap the emotions of students and their power of imagination. When it comes to English literature, poetry is the dominant form of literature from Chaucer's period to Modern English Period. In the history of English literature, poetry has dominated other forms in Romantic period, Pre-Raphaelites period, the Metaphysical school of poets, the Classical Movement etc. Thus, poetry has a special place in English literature rather than other forms.
Use of Popular and Literary Criticism in Providing Subject Access to Imaginative Literature

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

ABSTRACT This study examines the recent trend towards the provision of subject access to imaginative literature, particularly fiction. Results of the research include: (1) an enumeration of theoretical problems associated with the provision of multi-dimensional subject access to imaginative literature; (2) an investigation of literary criticism's relevance to the subject analysis of works of imaginative literature; (3) an analysis of the denotative and connotative topical elements constituting works of imaginative literature; and (4) an evaluation of the non-standard practice of formulating access points from criticism.
Solenoid Operated Gear Shifting Mechanism for Two Wheeler

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Solenoid operated gear shifting mechanism is mainly designed for the handicapped persons who unable to shift the gears by their foot. The technique used in this gear shifting mechanism consists of solenoid. Solenoid completes one up and down motion called as one stroke. This stroke time depend on supplied voltage and current. According to stroke length and voltage calculation, solenoids are mounted on both sides of gear shifting pedal at ends. By pressing that switch, person easily shifts the gear with the help of foot which is most efficient to handicapped persons.
Multimodal feature fusion for robust event detection in web videos

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Combining multiple low-level visual features is a proven and effective strategy for a range of computer vision tasks. However, limited attention has been paid to combining such features with information from other modalities, such as audio and videotext, for large scale analysis of web videos. In our work, we rigorously analyze and combine a large set of low-level features that capture appearance, color, motion, audio and audio-visual co-occurrence patterns in videos. We also evaluate the utility of high-level (i.e., semantic) visual information obtained from detecting scene, object, and action concepts. Further, we exploit multimodal information by analyzing available spoken and videotext content using state-of-the-art automatic speech recognition (ASR) and videotext recognition systems. We combine these diverse features using a two-step strategy employing multiple kernel learning (MKL) and late score level fusion methods. Based on the TRECVID MED 2011 evaluations for detecting 10 events in a large benchmark set of ~45000 videos, our system showed the best performance among the 19 international teams.
The Antigen Presenting Cell Lectin-like Receptor gene Complex, APLEC, regulates susceptibility to oil induced arthritis

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, systemic, and clinically heterogeneous disease characterized by symmetric inflammation in the peripheral joints, leading to cartilage destruction and bone erosion. Epidemiologic data indicate that the disease evolves from complex interactions of multiple environmental and genetic factors. Experimental arthritis models provide opportunities to both control and manipulate genetic and environmental factors, in order to identify these factors.\n\nHere we have used the oil induced arthritis (OIA) model to map a genetic factor that determines the outcome arthritis development in a susceptible rat strain. We have fine-mapped the gene locus to reside in the Antigen presenting cell lectin-like receptor gene complex, APLEC. APLEC encode receptors with immunoregulatory function. We have further narrowed down the gene candidates to Mincle, Dcir1 and Dcar1 based on sequence and expression analysis. A SNP analysis of human RA patients revealed an association of anti-CCP negative RA to Dcir, the human ortholog to Dcir1. Thus, data from both the experimental model and human studies points to a role of APLEC genes in precipitation of inflammatory joint disease.
Accurate Host–Guest Binding Free Energies Using the AMOEBA Polarizable Force Field

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

A grand challenge of computational biophysics is accurate prediction of interactions between molecules. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations have recently gained much interest as a tool to directly compute rigorous intermolecular binding affinities. The choice of a fixed point-charge or polarizable multipole force field used in MD is a topic of ongoing discussion. To compare alternative methods, we participated in the SAMPL7 and SAMPL8 Gibb octaacid host-guest challenges to assess the Atomic Multipole Optimized Energetics for Biomolecular Applications (AMOEBA) polarizable multipole force field. Advantages of AMOEBA over fixed charge models include improved representation of molecular electrostatic potentials and better description of water occupying the unligated host cavity. Prospective predictions for 26 host-guest systems exhibit a mean unsigned error vs experiment of 0.848 kcal/mol across all absolute binding free energies, demonstrating excellent agreement between computational and experimental results. In addition, we explore two topics related to the inclusion of ions in MD simulations: use of a neutral co-alchemical protocol and the effect of salt concentration on binding affinity. Use of the co-alchemical method minimally affects computed energies, but salt concentration significantly perturbs our binding results. Higher salt concentration strengthens binding through classical charge screening. In particular, added Na+ ions screen negatively charged carboxylate groups near the binding cavity, thereby diminishing repulsive coulomb interactions with negatively charged guests. Overall, the AMOEBA results demonstrate the accuracy available through a force field providing a detailed energetic description of the four octaacid hosts and 13 charged organic guests. Use of the AMOEBA polarizable atomic multipole force field in conjunction with an alchemical free energy protocol can achieve chemical accuracy in application to realistic molecular systems.
Evacuated Packaging of Fresh Broiler Chickens

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

FRESH whole broiler chickens are usually packaged at the retail level in clear, loose fitting transparent bags. The birds packaged in this manner are stretched out, awkward, and unappealing. A large amount of pink drip, commonly found sloshing in the bag, contributes to the unsightliness of the package. Some merchandisers try to improve the appearance of their product by butterballing the bird and packaging it in a heat-shrinkable twist wrap or shrinkable bag. A recent National Broiler Council survey (Anonymous, 1965) indicated that housewives would willingly pay as much as two cents a pound more for a better packaged bird. This study was carried out to determine whether fresh poultry exhibited any objectionable appearance, changes in shelf life or differences in drip loss as a result of packaging in evacuated, heat-shrunk bags. PROCEDURE The chickens for this study were processed in a commercial poultry processing plant and were held under . . .
Simulation-based optimization of decision-making process in railway nodes

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Smooth operation of railway stations and yards is vital for the efficient functioning of the whole railway system. Being complex systems, their operation is extremely sensitive to various influences, which makes their management, especially at the operational level, very difficult. Efficient tools to aid the decision-making process of dispatchers of such stations are therefore needed. With an emphasis on increasing the effectiveness of decision support tools, we propose a simulation-based optimization algorithm. This algorithm extracts a dataset from a simulation model and then reduces it to a partial dataset to be able to use specific exact optimization method in operational management. The partial dataset is limited by certain time horizon. The applicability of the proposed algorithm has been verified on two distinct tasks, namely, personnel assignment and service task assignment in a maintenance depot, confirming the usability of the proposed approach.
Machine casting of ferrous alloys. Final report, 30 June 1976--30 June 1977

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

During this year the basic Rheocasting system, which was fully operational at the beginning of the year, was improved in various ways to increase reliability and productivity. Specific improvements were the addition of a reducing gas in the melting chamber, a shield gas extension nozzle and graphite inserts at the bottom of the Rheocaster to eliminate 'hot spots'. Large quantities of 304 and 440C stainless steel alloys were cast during this period (approximately 800 pounds of 304 and 2000 pounds of 440C) and smaller quantities of other materials were also Rheocast including M2 tool steel, and HS 31 Cobalt base superalloy. Improvements in details and automation of the Thixocasting process were also made during this period. Work subsequently concentrated on casting large quantities of stainless steel into various die materials in order to determine die life and to optimize that die life.