jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
DETERMINING KINETIC PARAMETERS FOR THERMAL INACTIVATION OF HEATRESISTANT AND HEAT‐ LABILE ISOZYMES FROM THERMAL DESTRUCTION CURVES

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ABSTRACT A simple method is proposed to analyze the kinetics of thermal inactivation of enzyme systems which consist of two groups differing in their thermal stability. Using this approach kinetic parameters for thermal destruction for each fraction (the heat labile and heat resistant fraction) can be estimated directly from thermal treatment data. However, to determine the relative concentration of the fractions within the enzyme system, additional information concerning the enzyme assay used to determine enzyme activity is required. Commercially available horseradish peroxidase was used to test the applicability of the method. Analysis of data generated from thermal treatments of the peroxidase using the proposed method were found to be satisfactory. E a values of 21 kcal/mole and 34 kcal/mole were obtained for the heat resistant and heat labile horseradish peroxidase isozymes, respectively. D 82c values were 42 min and 1.2 min, respectively.
STANDARD ISO/CD 22009 COMMITTEE DRAFT Space System- Space Environment (Natural and Articial) Model of Earth&apos;s Magnetospheric

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The proposed ISO standard is a set of requirements to the model of the magnetic eld of the Earth’s magnetosphere. Such model is intended to calculate the magnetic induction eld gen-erated from a variety of current systems located on the boundaries and within the boundaries of the Earth’s magnetosphere under a wide range of environmental conditions, quiet and disturbed, affected by Solar-Terrestrial interactions simulated by Solar activity such as Solar Flares and re-lated phenomena which induce terrestrial magnetic disturbances such as Magnetic Storms. The magnetospheric model elaborated on the base of standard will work in Data Analyzing Watching the space environment conditions Forecasting the space environment conditions Warning the expected extremal conditions Postcasting and case study The current (8-th) revision of the Explanatory report is based on recommendation about the model users and their requirements which described in Resolution 145 of 16-th ISO
Development of complication prediction platform after pancreatoduodenectomy using artificial intelligence

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background:The aim of this study is to develop an artificial intelligence (AI) based platform for predicting complications following pancreatoduodenectomy by utilizing large-scale multi-institutional research data and applying four different types of AI models.The primary outcome was the incidence of pancreatic fistula (POPF), a potentially fatal complication.In addition, general complications and other pancreas-specific complications were also evaluated as secondary outcomes.Methods: This study collected data from 12 institutions, including 5,544 cases.The collected data included factors such as age, sex, BMI, hypertension, diabetes, ASA score, emergency operation, pancreatic duct diameter, estimated blood loss, combined organ resection, portal vein resection, and pathologic results.Outcome measures included complications such as pneumonia, surgical site infection (SSI), intra-abdominal abscess, postoperative hemorrhage, acute renal failure (ARF), CR-POPF, delayed gastric emptying, chylous ascites, liver abscess, biliary stricture, and liver failure.Artificial intelligence analysis methods used in this study include Random Forest, Linear Discriminant Analysis, Support Vector Classification (SVC), and Deep Neural Networks (MLP).Results: This study evaluated the potential of developing a complication prediction model by calculating AUC for various complications.The results showed that the AUC for CR-POPF was 0.74 when using Linear Discriminant Analysis and SVC.We also found that the AUC for pneumonia, the AUC range was 0.53-0.65,for SSI it was 0.59, for ARF it was 0.59-0.69,for liver abscess it was 0.69-0.75,for biliary stricture it was 0.75-0.83and for severe complications (CD ≥ 3) the AUC range was 0.52-0.61.However, for other complications, we could not calculate AUC because of missing data. Conclusions:The study found that AI models have high potential in predicting complications following pancreatoduodenectomy, with high AUC for CR-POPF, liver abscess, and biliary stricture.However, there were limitations in analyzing other complications due to missing values.
Root Biological Responses of Low Potassium Tolerance and Sensitive Soybean Varieties to Low-potassium Stress

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Low-K sensitive and low-K tolerant Soybean[Glycine max(L.) Merr.] varieties,Tiefeng31 and Shennong6,were used to study the root biological responses to low-potassium stress by sand culture in the presence of 0.5 and 3.0 mmol·L-1 K.After 25 d of growth,cation exchange capacity(CEC),bleeding sap,H+-ATPase and kinetics of potassium uptake of root were investigated.The results showed that root bleeding sap and CEC of sensitive variety were all declined under low K stress,while that of tolerant variety changed slightly under K deficiency condition.The plasma membrane H+-ATPase activities were much higher than those at adequate K supply,especially to tolerant variety.Furthermore,the sensitive variety was superior over the tolerant variety both in uptake speed and time.Potassium kinetic studies indicate that K deficiency in plants resulted in a decrease in Km value and an increase in Imax and Cmin values.However,the change extent of each parameter was harshly different between tolerant and sensitive varieties.
Nectar concentration preference and water balance in a flower visiting bat, Glossophaga Soricina Antillarum

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Nectar concentration preference of flower visiting bats Glossophaga soricina antillarum was studied in the laboratory. In a series of dual choice tests using sugar concentrations from 10 to 80 %, the bats preferred the higher nectar concentration up to a maximum of 50 %. When presented simultaneously with nectar and additional water, the bats took more water, depending on the nectar concentration offered. The regular distribution of nectar and water intake during the activity period resulted in a roughly constant mean ingested concentration. Its maximal value agreed with that of the preferred nectar concentration, indicating that water needs played a role in determining the upper limit of an acceptable concentration. In preliminary experiments with ad libitum-feeders, sugar intake rate was maximal at 60 % despite the high viscosity at this concentration. Results are discussed in relation to the evolution of nectar concentration in bat-pollinated flowers.
Switching from Levodopa/Carbidopa Intestinal Gel to Continuous Subcutaneous Foslevodopa/Carbidopa Infusion in Advanced Parkinson's Disease: A Case Series

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Continuous subcutaneous foslevodopa/foscarbidopa infusion (CSFLI) is a novel non‐surgical alternative to levodopa/carbidopa intestinal gel (LCIG) for advanced Parkinson's disease (aPD), but real‐world switch data remain limited. Objectives To describe the feasibility, safety, and clinical effects of switching from LCIG to CSFLI. Methods We retrospectively reviewed eight aPD patients switched from LCIG to CSFLI at a single center between November 2024 and May 2025. Motor and non‐motor symptoms, quality of life, and levodopa equivalent daily doses were assessed at baseline (M0) and six months (M6). Results Small but significant improvements occurred in UPDRS part I, III, and IV and PDQ‐8 scores at M6. Total LEDD remained stable. CSFLI was well tolerated with mild local skin reactions. Conclusion Switching from LCIG to CSFLI is feasible and safe, providing stable dopaminergic delivery with modest symptomatic benefits in selected aPD patients.
Meat and Nicotinamide: A Causal Role in Human Evolution, History, and Demographics

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Hunting for meat was a critical step in all animal and human evolution. A key brain-trophic element in meat is vitamin B 3 /nicotinamide. The supply of meat and nicotinamide steadily increased from the Cambrian origin of animal predators ratcheting ever larger brains. This culminated in the 3-million-year evolution of Homo sapiens and our overall demographic success. We view human evolution, recent history, and agricultural and demographic transitions in the light of meat and nicotinamide intake. A biochemical and immunological switch is highlighted that affects fertility in the ‘de novo’ tryptophan-to-kynurenine-nicotinamide ‘immune tolerance’ pathway. Longevity relates to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide consumer pathways. High meat intake correlates with moderate fertility, high intelligence, good health, and longevity with consequent population stability, whereas low meat/high cereal intake (short of starvation) correlates with high fertility, disease, and population booms and busts. Too high a meat intake and fertility falls below replacement levels. Reducing variances in meat consumption might help stabilise population growth and improve human capital.
Safety Profile of COVID-19 Vaccines among Healthcare Workers in Poland

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The aim of the study was to compare the safety profiles (prevalence of both local and systemic side effects) of COVID-19 vaccines (Pfizer–BioNTech, Moderna, Oxford–AstraZeneca) among healthcare workers (doctors, nurses, and pharmacists) administered with a first and a second dose of the vaccines. Another goal of the research was to evaluate potential demographic and clinical risk factors for the frequency and intensity of side effects. A post-marketing, cross-sectional survey-based study was carried out on a sample of 971 respondents (323 doctors, 324 nurses, and 324 pharmacists), all more than 18 years old, who have taken two doses of the following SARS-CoV-2 vaccines: BNT162b2 (Pfizer–BioNTech) (group 1), mRNA-1273 (Moderna) (group 2), and ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (Oxford–AstraZeneca) (group 3). A validated, self-administered questionnaire was developed and delivered online to the target population group of healthcare workers. The survey was conducted during the third wave of the COVID-19 (1 February 2021–1 July 2021) pandemic. It was based on the CAWI (computer-assisted web interview) method. Questionnaires were disseminated using selected social media. The BNT162b2 (Pfizer–BioNTech) vaccine was the most commonly administered COVID-19 vaccine among healthcare professionals in Poland (69.61%). Side effects following a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine were reported by 53.11% of respondents in group 1, 72% in group 2, and 67.59% in group 3. The following were the most common side effects regardless of the type of vaccine administered: pain at the injection site, headache, muscle pain, fever, chills, and fatigue. The number and intensity of reported side effects following administration of a BNT162b2 (Pfizer–BioNTech) vaccine were significantly lower than in the other two study groups (p < 0.00001). Risk factors for side effects following administration of one of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccines subject to the analysis included being female, young, and suffering from a diagnosed allergy. Our results clearly show that the short-term safety profiles of the eligible COVID-19 vaccines (Pfizer–BioNTech, Moderna, Oxford–AstraZeneca) are acceptable. Nevertheless, the two-dose COVID-19 vaccines available in Poland differ significantly in the frequency of both local and systemic side effects and their intensity. Women, young people, and patients diagnosed with allergies are particularly exposed to the risk of side effects. Further studies are needed to determine the long-term safety profile of COVID-19 vaccines.
Quantifying the Trends in Land Surface Temperature and Surface Urban Heat Island Intensity in Mediterranean Cities in View of Smart Urbanization

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Land Surface Temperature (LST) is a key parameter for the estimation of urban fluxes as well as for the assessment of the presence and strength of the surface urban heat island (SUHI). In an urban environment, LST depends on the way the city has been planned and developed over time. To this end, the estimation of LST needs adequate spatial and temporal data at the urban scale, especially with respect to land cover/land use. The present study is divided in two parts: at first, satellite data from MODIS-Terra 8-day product (MOD11A2) were used for the analysis of an eighteen-year time series (2001–2017) of the LST spatial and temporal distribution in five major cities of the Mediterranean during the summer months. LST trends were retrieved and assessed for their statistical significance. Secondly, LST values and trends for each city were examined in relation to land cover characteristics and patterns in order to define the contribution of urban development and planning on LST; this information is important for the drafting of smart urbanization policies and measures. Results revealed (a) positive LST trends in the urban areas especially during nighttime ranging from +0.412 °K in Marseille to +0.923 °K in Cairo and (b) the SUHI has intensified during the last eighteen years especially during daytime in European Mediterranean cities, such as Rome (+0.332 °K) and Barcelona (+0.307 °K).
Gradient index lenses for flexural waves based on thickness variations

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This work presents a method for the realization of gradient index devices for flexural waves in thin plates. Unlike recent approaches based on phononic crystals, the present approach is based on the thickness-dependence of the dispersion relation of flexural waves, which is used to create gradient index devices by means of local variations of the plate's thickness. Numerical simulations of known circularly symmetrical gradient index lenses have been performed. These simulations have been done using the multilayer multiple scattering method and the results prove their broadband efficiency and omnidirectional properties. Finally, finite element simulations employing the full three-dimensional elasticity equations also support the validity of the designed approach.
Process variation estimation using a combination of ring oscillator delay and FlipFlop retention characteristics

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

We propose an extraction method of process variation utilizing D-Flip-Flop (DFF) data retention characteristics and Ring Oscillator(RO) oscillation delay. Extracted process variation is modeled as PMOS and NMOS threshold voltage variations. Retention characteristics of the DFF circuit has different sensitivity to threshold voltage variation from the RO circuit. A DFF circuit is newly introduced as a complementary test structure of the conventional RO circuit for process variation extraction. By combining the RO circuit and the DFF circuits, we can accurately estimate the shift of global process variation. The test structure is implemented into silicon chip and the amount of global variation shift is extracted from measured data.
[Development of insulin reserves in the first 18 months in the insulin-dependent diabetic with or without remission of insulin-dependence].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

It seems rational to consider that residual insulin secretion is one of the factors which determine the short-term course of inaugural type I diabetes. But what about the mid-term course? We evaluated prospectively the insulin reserve (fasting and post-prandial C peptide) in 52 patients throughout the subsequent development of the disease. The patients (36 men, 16 women, mean age 35 years), who presented with ketonuria and weight loss, received a 10-day course of intensive insulin therapy, after which a remission of insulin dependence was observed in 40 of them (77 per cent). These 40 patients differed from those who had no such remission in that they were heavier and had a better initial insulin secretion. There was no significant difference between the two groups with regards to immunogenetic markers (presence of anti-islet antibodies 28/35 vs 8/12, DR3 and/or DR4 tissue group 27/37 vs 8/10). Following intensive insulin therapy, the C peptide value was consistently increased. At 6, 12 and 18 months the insulin secretion in patients of the remission group remained stable and always higher than that of patients who did not have a remission and whose insulin secretion collapsed at 18 months. Another characteristic of the remission group was that C peptide secretion could be stimulated by meals throughout the follow-up period (post-prandial C peptide at 18 months: 0.63 nmol/l). It is concluded that residual insulin secretion is one of the most effective predictive factors of remission when type I diabetes is first diagnosed and remains stable for the first 18 months of the disease in patients who show a remission.
Industry Trends in Software Engineering Education: A Systematic Mapping Study

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Contemporary approaches and trends, in software engineering courses have been continuously updated over the last four decades. Adaptation to industry needs is crucial for future educational purposes. The goal of this poster paper is to present some preliminary results related to what degree contemporary industry trends are being adopted in updating software engineering teaching approaches. This study is a systematic mapping. A total of 138 papers were selected based on education goals, research, and contribution type. Of the primary education topics, around 78% are related to teaching approaches, 9% to globalisation and training methods, and less than 5% to tech startup and industry innovation. Less investigated areas that have recently become common industry trends, such as tech startup models adopting lean methodology, require further attention and might create opportunities for updating the curricula. Future work will investigate possibilities for exploiting tech startups as a means for renewing future capstone courses.
From Discussion to Dialogue: A Case Study Using an Interactive System Dynamics Modelling Approach

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

ABSTRACT Managers involved in the refining and trading of oil had conflicting views on the relationship between output and cash generation in their market. A day-by-day account is given of a project in which the market was modelled. The models ostensibly represented the view of the Refining Strategy staff but consultation with other individuals allowed the views of the local Trading Department to be represented too. The tools of system dynamics were used to articulate assumptions and to support a ‘dialogue’ in which disagreements regarding macro—behaviour were transformed into debates over specific parameters and relationships. The repeated re—crafting of a STELLA model led to alterations in the understanding that the refining managers had of the key variables and of their dynamic interaction. Some general reflections on the benefits of group modelling using system dynamics close the paper.
Cryptanalysis of Start Code-Based Encryption Method for HEVC

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We propose a cryptanalysis for MPEG high efficiency video coding bitstream encryption based on the start code. Today, most digital video data are transmitted over an open Internet network in an encrypted state for security and privacy. In general, video services must guarantee real-time communications; therefore, it is necessary to reduce the computational complexity required to encrypt video data. Consequently, many selective encryption algorithms that selectively encrypt a highly sensitive part of the entire video data have been studied. Recently, we proposed a selective encryption algorithm based on the start code for high efficiency video coding, which dramatically reduces the computational complexity of encryption. In this paper, we studied the cryptanalysis of the encryption algorithm based on the start code and found a security vulnerability for a ciphertext-only attack. The proposed method presents a method to restore the encrypted first byte of the network abstraction layer unit header by analyzing the unencrypted high efficiency video coding bitstream. The first byte of the network abstraction layer unit header can be restored using the unencrypted parts, such as the order, syntax element, and length of the network abstraction layer unit. The experimental results demonstrated the security vulnerability by breaking the start code based encryption algorithm that is difficult to recover using the brute-force attack with only one to six recovery attempts using the proposed ciphertext-only attack.
Are filamentous mycolata important in foaming?

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

In a previous study, we showed that there was a significant increase in mycolata numbers associated with foaming events at a wastewater treatment site possessing three activated sludge plants. In this paper, we demonstrate that branched filamentous mycolata were a minor proportion of the mycolata morphotypes present in those activated sludge plants, accounting for less than 21% of the mycolata population in the mixed liquor and foam samples examined. In most samples examined, the number of filamentous mycolata was negligible compared to the number of other mycolata morphotypes present. Furthermore, filamentous mycolata did not contribute to any of the significant differences in mycolata concentration observed between foaming and non-foaming situations (P&lt;0.01). These findings suggest that conventional microscopic examination for monitoring mycolata populations in foaming plants may be misleading and should be used with caution.
Heat flow, log-concavity, and Lipschitz transport maps

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In this paper we derive estimates for the Hessian of the logarithm (log-Hessian) for solutions to the heat equation. For initial data in the form of log-Lipschitz perturbation of strongly log-concave measures, the log-Hessian admits an explicit, uniform (in space) lower bound. This yields a new estimate for the Lipschitz constant of a transport map pushing forward the standard Gaussian to a measure in this class. Further connections are discussed with score-based diffusion models and improved Gaussian logarithmic Sobolev inequalities. Finally, we show that assuming only fast decay of the tails of the initial datum does not suffice to guarantee uniform log-Hessian upper bounds.
A review of the mechanical property, durability, and modification of carbon‐ and glass‐fiber reinforced polyurethane composites

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Carbon‐ and glass‐fiber reinforced polyurethane (CFRPU/GFRPU) composites gained worldwide industrial applications because of the versatility of the PU matrix. The present study summarized the mechanical performance, durability, and modification of CFRPU/GFRPU composites. Results show that the mechanical performance of CFRPU/GFRPU composites depends on the manufacturing and test parameters. CFRPU/GFRPU composites have similar durable performance compared with their epoxy‐based counterpart composites. The degradation of CFRPU/GFRPU composites under exposures depends on the competition between positive effects like post‐curing and side effects including matrix swelling, plasticization, and hydrolysis as well as interface debonding. The maximum improvement rates of the tensile strength, interfacial strength, flexural strength, and impact strength of CFRPU/GFRPU composites could reach 53.2%, 154.5%, 50.3%, and 170% depending on different modifications. More attention should be paid to the durability of CFRPU/GFRPU composites under combined effects of environment and loads, and modification of continuous glass‐ or carbon‐fiber reinforced polyurethane composites regarding improving their mechanical and durable performance.