jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Epidemiology of Cancers in Men Who Have Sex with Men (MSM): A Protocol for Umbrella Review of Systematic Reviews

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

While earlier studies on men having sex with men (MSM) tended to examine infection-related cancers, an increasing number of studies have been focusing on effects of sexual orientation on other cancers and social and cultural causes for cancer disparities. As a type of tertiary research, this umbrella review (UR) aims to synthesize findings from existing review studies on the effects of sexual orientation on cancer. Relevant peer-reviewed systematic reviews (SRs) will be identified without date or language restrictions using MEDLINE, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and the International Prospective Register for Systematic Reviews, among others. The research team members will prepare the data extraction forms. Two reviewers will independently assess extracted SRs using the Assessment of Methodological Quality of Systematic Reviews. A third reviewer will weigh in to resolve discrepancies. The reviewers will be blinded to publisher, journal, and authors, making their judgements on the title, year, and abstract. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis checklist will guide data synthesis. By collating evidence from multiple reviews into one accessible and usable document, our first UR on global epidemiology of malignancies among MSM would serve as an evidence-based decision-making tool for the public health community.
The Impact of the SIMD Width on Control-Flow and Memory Divergence

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Power consumption is a prevalent issue in current and future computing systems. SIMD processors amortize the power consumption of managing the instruction stream by executing the same instruction in parallel on multiple data. Therefore, in the past years, the SIMD width has steadily increased, and it is not unlikely that it will continue to do so. In this article, we experimentally study the influence of the SIMD width to the execution of data-parallel programs. We investigate how an increasing SIMD width (up to 1024) influences control-flow divergence and memory-access divergence, and how well techniques to mitigate them will work on larger SIMD widths. We perform our study on 76 OpenCL applications and show that a group of programs scales well up to SIMD width 1024, whereas another group of programs increasingly suffers from control-flow divergence. For those programs, thread regrouping techniques may become increasingly important for larger SIMD widths. We show what average speedups can be expected when increasing the SIMD width. For example, when switching from scalar execution to SIMD width 64, one can expect a speedup of 60.11, which increases to 62.46 when using thread regrouping. We also analyze the frequency of regular (uniform, consecutive) memory access patterns and observe a monotonic decrease of regular memory accesses from 82.6 at SIMD width 4 to 43.1% at SIMD width 1024.
Yield and quality responses of Egyptian white garlic (Allium sativum L.) and wild garlic (Tulbaghia violacea Harv.) to nitrogen nutrition

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Allium sativum and Tulbaghia violacea are some of the most important medicinal plants used by South African traditional healers for the treatment of flu, fever, cold, tuberculosis, asthma and many more diseases. However, growth, yield and quality are constrained by excessive and under fertilization. This study was carried out to determine, firstly, the effect of N source (ammonium sulphate and calcium nitrate) on yield and quality of A. sativum and T. violacea plants. Secondly, to determine the best season for harvesting T. violacea and lastly, to determine the antifungal effects of A. sativum and T. violacea plant extracts against plant pathogens Altenaria solani and Sclerotium rolfsii. Both plants were treated with both N sources applied as topdressing treatments at a total of 0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 kg.ha-1, divided into three applications at three week (A. sativum) and three month (T. violacea) intervals. A. sativum plants were sampled at 54, 82, 112, 140 and 175 days after planting (DAP) while, T. violacea plants were sampled monthly for ten months. Parameters recorded were growth analysis, yield and bioactivity for both plant species. Both nitrogen sources improved plant growth and yield of A. sativum and T. violacea plants. Calcium nitrate at 150 kg•ha-1 and ammonium sulphate at 200 kg•ha-1 produced the highest at 24 t•ha-1 and 27 t•ha-1, respectively. Ammonium sulphate improved bioactivity of leaves with the highest bioactivity recorded at 82 and 112 DAP. Yield obtained from the autumn harvest was not affected by N source. Ammonium sulphate and calcium nitrate at 200 kg•ha-1 produced the highest yields of 23.6 t•ha-1 and 23.5 t•ha-1, respectively. In contrast, yield obtained from the winter harvest was affected by N source at 200 kg•ha-1, with significantly better yield of 30.8 t•ha-1 with calcium nitrate compared to 27.4 t•ha-1 with ammonium sulphate. Crude extracts of T. violacea bulbs that were treated with ammonium sulphate significantly inhibited the growth of plant pathogenic fungi, whereas extracts from plants treated with calcium nitrate showed low bioactivity. Extracts from plants grown with ammonium sulphate at 100 kg•ha-1 were more effective in controlling growth of plant pathogens when compared to other N levels. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) effects of A. sativum against S. rolfsii and A. solani were at 0.01 mg•mL-1. The MIC of T. violacea extracts against A. solani was at 0.006 mg•mL<Sup>-1. The MIC of T. violacea extracts were better than previously reported in literature. Therefore, A. sativum and T. violacea plant extracts can be used as fungicides against S. rolfsii and A. solani diseases for crops such as tomato and potato.
Path planning of UAV pesticide spraying in terraced fields based on Boustrophedon

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In view of the terraced field terrain in Gansu Province, manual spraying of crops is not only time-consuming and inefficient, but also likely to cause safety problems due to the long-term contact of operators with pesticides. Therefore, an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) for plant protection and pesticide spraying was proposed. Terrace fields were collected for vertical view and they were first rasterized using the oxen-led (Boustrophedon) plant protection method to plan the full-coverage path of the UAV. Pesticides were sprayed on the crops. After they finish a layer of spraying, the UAV fell a certain distance from the second terrace of crops onto the next layer. Such a process was repeated until the completion of the entire task. If there is a missed area that has not been sprayed, the operator can automatically control the UAV to spray. It provides comprehensive coverage of complex areas, which is environmentally safe and efficient, and can be applied to agricultural operations.
Blistering skin reaction with Mastisol in a patient with spina bifida: illustrative case

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND Patients with spina bifida have repeated interactions with the healthcare system and often require multiple surgeries throughout their lifetime. Latex precautions are often indicated owing to the high risk of anaphylactic reactions. The choice of dressing for these patients represents an opportunity for learning and standardization if appropriate. The authors discuss the various cases of skin reactions to Mastisol in the literature in comparison with their case and explore the possible mechanisms underlying this skin reaction given the high prevalence of latex allergy in patients with spina bifida. OBSERVATIONS The authors present the case of a 17-year-old girl with a history of spina bifida and shunted hydrocephalus who underwent a shunt externalization operation and subsequently developed an allergic contact dermatitis reaction to Mastisol liquid adhesive. Topical steroid cream was then administered, and signs and symptoms resolved over the next 3 days. LESSONS The choice of dressing should be considered carefully in patients with spina bifida given their repeated exposures and possible sensitivities. The authors aim to increase the awareness of the possibility of Mastisol-induced skin reactions in patients with spina bifida and set a foundation for future studies to investigate the relationship between latex allergy and sensitization to Mastisol.
Glioma monitoring via longitudinal intracranial cerebrospinal fluid cell-free DNA.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

2053 Background: Current methods for glioma treatment response assessment are limited. This study aimed to assess the technical and clinical feasibility of molecular profiling using intracranial CSF from patients with gliomas during their disease course. Methods: Adults with gliomas were recruited for longitudinal intracranial CSF collection using 1) Ommaya reservoirs, from which CSF would be sampled on at least two separate occasions, or 2) CSF collection from other clinically indicated CSF access devices, such as ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunts. Patients were followed until their last visit or present time for ongoing participants. For this initial cfDNA feasibility study, CSF was collected from Ommaya reservoirs in four patients and from an existing VP shunt in one patient. cfDNA was then extracted and analyzed using two sequencing platforms, PredicineCARE for cancer variant profiling and PredicineSCORE for low-pass whole genome sequencing (LP-WGS). This analysis generated genomic aberration profiles and genome-wide copy number burden (CNB) score. Results: Five patients (2 females, 3 males; median age: 40 years, range 32-64 years) underwent longitudinal intracranial CSF collection via Ommaya reservoirs (n=4) or VP shunt (n=1). In total, thirty-five CSF samples were obtained (median volume: 3.80 mL; 0.5-5 mL), with 30 samples (85.7%) yielding sufficient cfDNA for variant profiling and LP-WGS. Our initial findings suggest that tumor fraction increased by 6.28x and 2.87x with radiographic progression in two patients. Tumor fraction decreased by 0.08x and 0.04x in two patients with paired immediate pre-versus-post chemoradiation samples. Despite ongoing pseudoprogression in one patient, tumor fraction decreased to unmeasurable levels from a post-resection baseline of 0.26. Patient-specific tumor-associated variant allelic frequencies (VAFs), including TP53, PTEN, TERT, and CDKN2A/B, decreased within individual patients after resection and chemoradiation. In two patients with isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutant gliomas, decreasing IDH1 VAF after resection correlated with decreased CSF D-2-hydroxyglutarate (D-2-HG) levels (0.64x and 0.62x, respectively, for the first patient, and 0.01x and 0.07x for the other patient). Both CSF IDH1 VAF and CSF D-2-HG increased in the patient who had radiographic progression (2.56x and 9.21x, respectively). Moreover, CNB decreased below the limit of quantification during treatment and increased above the limit at progression. Conclusions: Longitudinal CSF cfDNA can feasibly be obtained via CSF access devices in patients with gliomas during their disease course. Ongoing studies will evaluate hypotheses generated in this case series regarding how longitudinal CSF cfDNA could be utilized to sensitively detect changes in disease burden. Clinical trial information: NCT04692337 ; NCT04692324 .
Multi-functional resonant micro-sensor for simultaneous magnetic, CO2, and CH4 detection

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

We present a highly sensitive multi-parameter sensor for magnetic and gas detection. The device is based on an in-plane doubly clamped micro-beam micro-resonator, which is electrothermally heated. It acts as a Lorentz force magnetic sensor of high sensitivity, good linearity, good repeatability, and low hysteresis effect. It also functions as a gas-sensor based on the cooling/heating effect of the micro-beam as demonstrated for carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) detection. The CO2/CH4 sensor shows high sensitivity and excellent linearity. In addition, we demonstrate simultaneous magnetic and gas detection by tracking the frequency shift of the first two symmetric and anti-symmetric modes at the same time. We show that the sensitivity of the magnetometer is gas-independent and only depends on the frequency shift of the second mode, which is unaffected by variations of the thermal axial load. For the first time, high sensitivity to magnetic fields, CO2, and CH4 is demonstrated using the same device. The demonstrated simultaneous and highly-sensitive multi-parameter sensing platform using a single resonator is promising for smart environmental and monitoring applications.
Effect of Plow Pan on the Redistribution Dynamics of Water and Nutrient Transport in Soils

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Plow pans are an essential part of the agricultural soil structure. By adjusting the soil bulk density and plow pan height, the water and nutrient transport are dynamically redistributed. Plow pans play a crucial role in promoting crop growth, increasing yields, and supporting sustainable land management. In this study, a column experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of plow pan height (10 cm and 15 cm) and bulk density (1.2, 1.4, and 1.6 g cm⁻3) on soil nutrient and water leaching under high-volume (HV) and low-volume (LV) fertilizer applications. The results reveal that the leachate volume decreased by 61.9% at a plow pan height of 10 cm and by 96.2% at a plow pan height of 15 cm when the bulk density was increased from 1.2 to 1.4 g cm⁻3 under HV conditions. There was no leachate when the plow pan bulk density was 1.6 g cm−3. The reserved concentration of alkali-hydrolyzable N in the plow pan soils was the highest when the plow pan had a bulk density of 1.4 g cm−3 and a height of 15 cm. However, when the plow pan height was 15 cm, the available P content in the plow pan soils decreased by 27.0% and 21.0% at bulk densities of 1.4 g cm⁻3 and 1.6 g cm⁻3, respectively, when compared with 1.2 g cm⁻3. Furthermore, the available P concentrations in the plow pan and subsoil layers decreased with an increase in the plow pan height. The available K concentrations in the topsoil decreased by 26.8% and 24.0% when the plow pan bulk density was increased from 1.2 to 1.4 g cm−3 at heights of 10 and 15 cm, respectively. Thus, the optimal plow pan height and bulk density are closely related to the types of soil nutrients. However, it is clear that excessively high bulk densities (e.g., 1.6 g cm−3) negatively impact soil properties. For different nutrient requirements, a bulk density of 1.2 or 1.4 g cm−3 can be chosen, with each providing suitable options based on the specific nutrient needs. This research offers practical insights into changes in nutrient adsorption and fixation in agricultural production associated with alterations in plow pan bulk density.
Solution strategies for the spanning tree detection problem

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

For a given undirected, simple and connected graph G = (V, E) with edges associated with integer weights, the spanning tree detection problem (STDP) is to find, if one exists, the target weight value α of the spanning tree. There are numerous ways to solve this problem. Approximate algorithm is a greedy method to construct an initial spanning tree (minimum or maximum spanning tree) quickly, and local search method can be applied to improve the weight of the tree towards the desired weight α. Heuristic algorithms can have different performance with regard to the various scheme of edge-selection (random decent scheme or steepest decent scheme).
A noncompetitive introductory organic chemistry course for premedical students

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA noncompetitive introductory organic chemistry course for premedical studentsJohn N. Vournakis Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1974, 51, 11, 742Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1974Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 November 1974Published inissue 1 November 1974https://doi.org/10.1021/ed051p742RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views67Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (3 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Session 23 Overview: THz Circuits and Front-Ends

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The THz frontier continues to be pushed by mainstream-CMOS circuits with excellent performance. The papers present diverse circuits and front-ends extending state of the art on linearity, signal generation/steering, and detection sensitivity. The first paper presents a THz upconverter leveraging the benefit of parametric gain using optimally biased varactors for enhanced even-order harmonic generation. A THz 2D beamsteering pixel-array source with the capability to spatially and electronically steer is presented in the second paper. The session continues with an ultra-low power and area THz detector with leading-edge noise performance and concludes with a W-band PLL demonstrating best-in-class jitter and FoM.
From Whitney to Chomsky

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

What is ‘American’ about American linguistics? Is Jakobson, who spent half his life in America, part of it? What became of Whitney’s genuinely American conception of language as a democracy? And how did developments in 20th-century American linguistics relate to broader cultural trends? This book brings together 15 years of research by John E. Joseph, including his discovery of the meeting between Whitney and Saussure, his ground-breaking work on the origins of the ‘Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis’ and of American sociolinguistics, and his seminal examination of Bloomfield and Chomsky as readers of Saussure. Among the original findings and arguments contained herein: why ‘American structuralism’ does not end with Chomsky, but begins with him;how Bloomfield managed to read Saussure as a behaviourist avant la lettre;why in the long run Skinner has emerged victorious over Chomsky;how Whorf was directly influenced by the mystical writings of Madame Blavatsky;how the Whitney–Max Müller debates in the 19th century connect to the intellectual disparity between Chomsky’s linguistic and political writings.
1930-06 draft of letter to General Agent on FJ Bird stationery

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

While a student at Illinois Wesleyan University, Florence Ralph exchanged nearly daily letters with Marion Taylor Bird (a University of Illinois graduate) whom she first met at IWU and then married shortly after her graduation in 1930. <br>The original letters and scanned copies are gifts to IWU from Phyllis, John and Fred Bird, children of the correspondents, and their grandaughter P. L. Embley. Where no date exists directly on a letter and when a post-marked envelope existed, a penciled date was applied by the donor on the face of the letter, just under the weekday noted in the heading. <br>No transcript of this material is available at this time. Readers are welcome to contribute transcriptions they create or additional subject headings they identify directly to IWU's Special Collections Librarian, Meg Miner, archives@iwu.edu
Report on industrial attachment with Glaxo Wellcome Manufacturing Pte Ltd

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this report is first and foremost, to share about the work performed and the experiences gained during the Industrial Attachment period, from 13-Jan-14 to 31-May-14, with Glaxo Wellcome Manufacturing Pte Ltd (GSK), Planning & Logistics Department. It will discuss the work processes of the various projects, highlighting the key changes and achievements. Additionally, it will also describe other daily routine tasks and working concepts which I found particularly interesting. Over the course of the attachment, I was involved in five major projects, namely Production Plan Improvement, Inventory Plan Improvement, Demand & Supply Modification, Capacity Review and Material Resource Planning. These projects span the entire scope of planning for the site and are intricately linked to each other. Although the Industrial Attachment was for a relatively short stint, this opportunity has enabled me to learn valuable knowledge regarding Supply Chain Management.
Digital Safe Spaces and Self-Definition: Black British Women’s Confessional Vlogs

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Confessional vlogs, where YouTubers reveal incredibly revealing personal details, embody the private-yet-public tension occurring on YouTube. Research has shown that confessional vlogs are dialogical media texts, where the YouTuber engages in self-disclosure and self-expression, building intimacy and community with their audience. This study aims to provide an empirical contribution to the study of YouTube genres, specifically vlogs, by outlining the constitutive elements of confessional vlogs and defining the phenomenon. Building on existing work on the confessional, it asks: how do Black British women articulate their personal and private experiences in confessional vlogs? This mixed-methods study employs critical technocultural discourse analysis to examine YouTube as a technological service, interface, and discourse, making use of a Black feminist theoretical framework. Autoethnography furthers the researcher’s positionality — drawing on her experience, background, and knowledge — weaving data and narrative. Findings indicate that Black British women’s confessional vlogs are monological self-reflexive texts, not dialogical community-building ones. Overall, the analysis found that confessional vlogs are digital ‘safe spaces’ where Black British women self-disclose their complex and dynamic feelings about personal and private experiences, becoming digitally remediated articulations of their self-definition.
Multi-scale AM-FM motion analysis of ultrasound videos of carotid artery plaques

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

An estimated 82 million American adults have one or more type of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). CVD is the leading cause of death (1 of every 3 deaths) in the United States. When considered separately from other CVDs, stroke ranks third among all causes of death behind diseases of the heart and cancer. Stroke accounts for 1 out of every 18 deaths and is the leading cause of serious long-term disability in the United States. Motion estimation of ultrasound videos (US) of carotid artery (CA) plaques provides important information regarding plaque deformation that should be considered for distinguishing between symptomatic and asymptomatic plaques. In this paper, we present the development of verifiable methods for the estimation of plaque motion. Our methodology is tested on a set of 34 (5 symptomatic and 29 asymptomatic) ultrasound videos of carotid artery plaques. Plaque and wall motion analysis provides information about plaque instability and is used in an attempt to differentiate between symptomatic and asymptomatic cases. The final goal for motion estimation and analysis is to identify pathological conditions that can be detected from motion changes due to changes in tissue stiffness.