jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
OPEN GOVERNMENT AND THE POLITICS OF PUBLIC KNOWLEDGE IN THE UNITED STATES

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The promotion of transparency has long been identified with the goal of holding democratic governments (and sometimes the private sector) responsible. In recent years, advocates of “open government” have argued that, beyond mere accountability, transparency can be a positive instrument of public policy — a means of shaping social and economic behavior that differs qualitatively from fiscal incentives or regulatory punishments. Yet while transparency initiatives are easy enough to enact, they often fail to reshape the incentives of key actors, including government agencies and market players subject to disclosure rules, and hence fail to ignite meaningful changes in the direction or scope of public policy. And in some cases, policymakers have also developed powerful new tools to restrict the flow of information, which remain outside the purview of sunshine laws altogether.
Upaya Peningkatan Kemampuan Guru dalam Pemanfaatan Perpustakaan Sekolah Sebagai Sumber Belajar dengan Menggunakan Metode Focus Group Discussion di Sekolah Dasar Negeri 1 Bade Kecamatan Klego Kabupaten Boyolali Tahun Pelajaran 2017/2018

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract This study aims to determine the ability of teachers to use the school library as a learning resource in SD Negeri 1 Bade, Klego District, Boyolali Regency. This research is a school action research. The research was conducted at SD Negeri 1 Bade, Klego District, Boyolali Regency. The research subjects were elementary school teachers from class I to class VI. The research procedure uses two cycles. Data analysis techniques using descriptive analysis techniques. The indicator of achievement of the success rate with a minimum score of 75% of teachers shows high activity in participating in Focus Group Discussions for the use of the School Library as a learning resource, at least 75% of teachers give a high response to coaching with the Focus Group Discussion for the use of the School Library as a learning resource and at least 75% of teachers are able to create learning scenarios by utilizing the School Library as a learning resource. The results of this study indicate that through Focus Group Discussions can improve Teacher Ability to Utilize School Libraries as Learning Resources, this is because through Focus Group Discussions they feel that they receive input and know the shortcomings in implementing Utilizing School Libraries as Learning Resources. Based on the results of the study, it can be seen that through Focus Group Discussion, the ability of teachers to use the school library as a learning resource at SD Negeri 1 Bade, Klego District, Boyolali Regency, 2017/2018 Academic Year. Thus, it can be concluded that through Focus Group Discussion can improve the ability of teachers to use the school library as a learning resource at SD Negeri 1 Bade, Klego District, Boyolali Regency.
Weighted Fair Multicast Multigroup Beamforming under Per-antenna Power Constraints

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

A multi-antenna transmitter that conveys independent sets of common data to distinct groups of users is considered. This model is known as physical layer multicasting to multiple co-channel groups. In this context, the practical constraint of a maximum permitted power level radiated by each antenna is addressed. The per-antenna power constrained system is optimized in a maximum fairness sense with respect to predetermined quality of service weights. In other words, the worst scaled user is boosted by maximizing its weighted signal-to-interference plus noise ratio. A detailed solution to tackle the weighted max-min fair multigroup multicast problem under per-antenna power constraints is therefore derived. The implications of the novel constraints are investigated via prominent applications and paradigms. What is more, robust per-antenna constrained multigroup multicast beamforming solutions are proposed. Finally, an extensive performance evaluation quantifies the gains of the proposed algorithm over existing solutions and exhibits its accuracy over per-antenna power constrained systems.
Caeneus and Heroic (Trans)Masculinity in Ovid’s Metamorphoses

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Ovid’s Caeneus is a figure of heroism whose identity as a transman challenges the boundaries of gender and birthright. His career as a transmasculine warrior culminates in his battle with the centaurs. This battle forms a kind of debate over the nature of masculinity, gender identity, and heroism in the world of Ovid’s Metamorphoses. Combining analyses of narrative and rhetoric in the Caeneus episode of Book 12 with parallels from the Metamorphoses and the Ovidian corpus, this paper analyzes Ovid’s depiction of Caeneus, his heroic identity and his gender identity. It argues that Ovid’s Caeneus attains the highest levels of heroic achievement not despite of but because of his transmasculinity.
MEMAHAMI FIQH SOSIAL KH. MA SAHAL MAHFUDH “FIQH SEBAGAI ETIKA DAN GERAKAN SOSIAL”

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Understanding of fiqh (Islamic law) - by linking it to the socio-cultural conditions of Indonesian society and the spirit to restore its function as a 'guide' - continues to be made by Muslim scholars and intellectuals in the country. Throughout the years 1970 to 2000, appeared figures whose ideas and ideas surfaced. Their thinking becomes a topic in various discussion forums of Islamic law, both in the environment of pesantren, civitas academika, and in social institutions. One of these figures is KH. M.A. Sahal Mahfudh who not only carry the discourse with his book 'Nuansa Fiqh Sosial', but also has done a lot of social movements in the framework of implementation of his thinking. Fiqh as a practical derivation of the teachings of the Qur'an and Hadist actually has a position that distinguishes it apart from other scientific disciplines. Fiqh also serves as a normative foundation for behaving Muslims, either individually or collectively. However, the formalistic fiqh character is not infrequently invite a contradiction with the theological life of the human life. Therefore, KH. MA Sahal Mahfudh carries the Social Fiqh which he calls 'the development effort of madhhab qouli and manhaji in the framework of fiqh is no longer as a rigid positive law, but denotes it as social ethics and the foundation for social movements in realizing the ideals of human life , sa'adatuddaraini (happiness in the world and the hereafter).
“Hard sun, hot weather, skin pain”

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Temperature is talked about in different ways across languages. In this paper, I explore the linguistic expressions used to talk about temperature focussing on three domains of experience in two languages in an asymmetric contact relation, Ewe and Likpe, both Kwa (Niger-Congo) languages of West Africa. Likpe speakers are bilingual in Ewe but not vice versa. The empirical question addressed is: how do speakers of Ewe and Likpe talk about the hotness and coldness of (i) things such as food and water; (ii) places and the ambience; and (iii) the personal experience of hotness and coldness in one’s body. I will argue that both languages do not have equivalents for ‘temperature’. Secondly I will show that “temperature property”, being a physical quality, is basically expressed using verbs and verb phrases (less so by nouns and ideophones) consistent with their typological profile. Moreover I argue that the range of expressions available in the two languages for talking about ‘water’ is more elaborate than the other domains of experience, some of which are linked to cultural practices such as bathing. I also investigate the construal of ‘hotness’ in Ewe and propose semantic descriptions of the predicates involved representing them in Natural Semantic Metalanguage-style explications. While some of the expressions for ‘hotness’ can be accounted for through a link to ‘fire’ as suggested by Goddard and Wierzbicka (2007), I argue that we need another prototype anchor for other expressions of ‘hotness’, namely, ‘pain’. In the ambient domain, the experience of the temperature generated by the sun itself is talked about using predicates from the domain of the physical property of texture. The conceptual motivations for such usage are also explored.
Modernising Canada's Agricultural Policies

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The agricultural sector in Canada is relatively large, compared to those in most other G7 countries. In recent years, the federal and provincial governments have undertaken a number of sectoral reforms to meet the competitiveness and environmental challenges that it faces. The federal government has tried to end a marketing monopoly in the barley market and may do so for wheat as well. The next generation of agriculture and agri-food policy is being finalised, and implementation of the first part of a new framework, Growing Forward, has begun. But a steady stream of ad hoc programmes in recent years has had significant budgetary costs and no doubt created moral hazard among farmers. There is scope for further liberalisation in supply-managed sectors, which are heavily protected and subsidised by consumers. Moreover, Canada’s bio-energy production, in particular the production of second-generation bio-ethanol (from cellulose), is under pressure in light of less costly bio-energy production overseas. Against this background, governments are striving to ensure the long-term viability of the sector. This Working Paper relates to the 2008 OECD Economic Survey of Canada (www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/canada).
Acid Volatile Sulfides in Sediments of South Yellow Sea

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

In coastal marine environment, acid volatile sulfide (AVS) is usually one of the most important or reactive phases. We report first set of data on AVS contents in sediments of south Yellow Sea. The AVS contents are less than 11.14 mumol/g (dry sediment weight), with most below 3 mumol/g in the sediment of south Yellow Sea. The average AVS contents of surface sediments (0~10 cm) range from 0.02 mumol/g to 2.30 mumol/g, with an average value of 0.94 mumol/g. There are three zones with high AVS content in sediments and they are dominated by the Yellow River sediments and the old Yellow River transported by coastal current and the Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass, respectively. The AVS content in sediments of these three zones increases initially with burial depth, reaching a maximum at about 13 cm (6 cm for east section), then decreases. One core from the south section, however, shows an exceptionally high AVS content at the surface (4.96 mumol/g) and a minimum at around 7 cm burial depth. This AVS abnormal profile is located at the place where enrichment of methane at shallow layer reported. Except those three high value areas, the AVS content of sediment is very low and does not show significant variations. It is apparent that sediment AVS content is closely related to the organic matter in different sediment environment, since the content of Fe is quite high (average 3.13%) in the sediment of Yellow Sea.
Tax avoidance in government-owned firms: Evidence from Italy

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper studies whether and why government-owned firms avoid taxation to a greater extent than wholly privately-owned firms do. By considering a sample of Italian listed corporations for the period between 2006 and 2011, it was found that government ownership had a systematically negative effect on corporate effective tax rate, with a prevalence of tax-planning policies focused on the long term. Managers of local government-owned firms focused on minimizing costs, even if this was to the detriment of national tax-revenue collection.The author investigated tax avoidance in government-owned firms with the surprising finding that government owners avoid taxation to a greater extent than private sector owners. Managers of government-owned firms (and especially local government owners) were found to pursue political goals that focused on cost- minimizing policies, reducing national tax revenue. This paper will be of value to policy- makers, who should consider tax avoidance by government-owned enterprises as a real possibility.
VSIG4 Is Dispensable for Tumor Growth and Metastasis in Murine Colorectal and Breast Cancer Models

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are important contributors to tumor progression and metastasis. Therefore, the identification of molecules that mediate these cells’ tumor-promoting functions is highly warranted. VSIG4 has been proposed as a macrophage immune checkpoint. Hence, we aim to investigate this marker in preclinical models. Methods: Publicly available scRNAseq datasets of human colorectal (CRC) and triple-negative breast (TNBC) carcinomas and their murine counterparts were reanalyzed to investigate the expression of VSIG4 in the different TAM populations. Moreover, tumors were grown in Vsig4-deficient mice to evaluate the effect on primary tumor characteristics. Finally, since liver Kupffer cells and large peritoneal macrophages are at least partly VSIG4-high, and are implicated in metastasis to those organs, the dissemination of CRC cancer cells to those sites was assessed in the Vsig4-deficient mice. Results: We demonstrate that VSIG4 expression in human CRC and TNBC is mostly restricted to TAMs, and that its expression correlates with a worse prognosis. However, a striking finding was that no Vsig4 mRNA nor protein could be detected in the microenvironment of primary CRC and TNBC murine tumors, resulting in a similar tumor growth in wild type versus Vsig4-deficient mice. Moreover, no major differences were observed in metastatic tumor load in the liver and peritoneal cavity, apart from a reduced metastasis to the omentum in Vsig4-deficient animals. Conclusions: Murine cancer models are not suitable to investigate the role of VSIG4 in primary tumors and VSIG4 deficiency did not alter liver nor peritoneal cavity metastasis in murine models, with the exception of the omentum.
Recent advances in solar infrared light regulating smart windows based on organic materials

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Windows serve the purpose of connecting room inhabitants with the outside environment, playing an important role in sustaining human health and well‐being. Windows also have a large impact on the lighting, heating, and cooling costs of indoor spaces. In this review, we discuss research over the past 5 years on “smart” windows based on organic materials designed to absorb, reflect, or otherwise utilize excess infrared radiation. In doing so, comfortable indoor temperatures can be managed throughout the year while maintaining as much as possible transparency to visible light, so additional energy is not required for artificial illumination. We discuss both static and dynamic infrared control windows, comparing some of their features and close with a discussion of where the field may be moving to allow these windows to make a commercial impact and reduce the need of heating and/or cooling systems for our indoor spaces.
Professional transition and identity formation of surgical care practitioners: a phenomenological interpretation of their lived experiences

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Surgical care practitioners are non-medical members of the surgical team, who provide direct surgical care to patients, delegated by consultant surgeons. The surgical care practitioners’ professional role is within the new non-medical or nursing workstream, practising under the medical model of care in response to staff shortages and the rising expectations that are affecting the National Health Service. This article seeks to contribute to a better understanding of the phenomenon of the emergent professional identity of surgical care practitioners. Six surgical care practitioners were purposively sampled for in-depth, semi-structured interviews whereupon their concepts of professional transition and professional identity formation from their individual points of view were explored using a phenomenological approach. Transcripts and reflective texts were subject to repeated interpretation in a hermeneutic circle of understanding. Interpretation of the results in context allowed for a discussion informed by self-interpreted constructions and revolved around eight cluster themes that emerged explicating how surgical care practitioners experienced professional transition and professional identity formation. In addition, a notion of ‘journey’ in the development of professional identity (narratives about professional identity formation: the hero’s journey) was embedded in the reflections of the participants and their narratives produced rich accounts of the phenomenon under investigation.
Untrained community help in the rehabilitation of stroke sufferers with language disorder.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The Newcastle Speech-After-Stroke Project is one of many schemes in Britain that have used untrained helpers to set up community clubs and home visiting for dysphasic stroke sufferers. To examine the contribution to rehabilitation made by such activities, patients' language abilities and social confidence were assessed when they entered the project and after about six months. Formal tests of language showed no significant improvement after six months, but social confidence increased. Such projects can make a valuable contribution in helping dysphasic people to regain a role in the community. Nevertheless, too much should not be expected of them in the way of direct help in the patients' recovery of language.
Theoretical Study on Nuclear Reactor Pumped Laser System of a Rectangle Chamber

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The nuclear reactor pumped lasing model (NRPLM) is proposed in the present work. The power efficiency is built as a function of gas temperature (energy deposition), cell pressure, xenon concentration, He and Ar fractions. The software for calculation of energy deposition in laser cell is improved. The results show that gas components in cell decide the laser efficiency, neutron selfshielding effect affects the energy deposition in cell. Only when the cell thickness and gas pressure are a special function, the energy deposition in cell reaches its maximum. The present work will benefit the future experimental designs.
Recent Advances in Enhancement of Raman Scattering Intensity for Biological Applications

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Raman scattering spectroscopy has attracted great interest for its significant potential in multiplexed biological imaging and sensing. However, the extremely weak molecular Raman scattering signal raises considerable concerns about its applicability in physiological conditions. Many multidisciplinary attempts, combining optics, materials science, and biology, have been conducted in the past decades to solve the problem of insufficient Raman scattering intensity and to realize the practical application of Raman scattering technology in the field of life science. In addition, to overcome the bottleneck of a single enhancement technology, more and more emphasis has been given to the combination of multiple Raman enhancement technologies. The underlying ideas behind each enhancement mechanism needs to be fully comprehended to effectively combine various techniques for desired signal intensity. Here, we summarize recent strategies developed for the enhancement of the signal strength of Raman scattering. We will also analyze the major advantages and disadvantages of each enhancement technique and provide perspectives for the compatibility and complementarity among different enhancement mechanisms.
Bi-Directional Mode-Locked Thulium Fiber Laser as a Single-Cavity Dual-Comb Source

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We demonstrate the use of a bi-directional mode-locked thulium doped fiber ring laser as a single cavity free-running dual-comb source. We consider the effect of group-velocity dispersion on the repetition rate difference between the two combs and demonstrate a tunable repetition rate difference from 48-229 Hz. Dual-comb spectroscopy of atmospheric H 2 O near 1.87 μm is performed over a 1.47-m air path in laboratory with a peak single-shot signal-to-noise ratio of 27.5.
A Multi-task CNN Model for Automated Prediction of Isocitrate Dehydrogenase Mutation Status and Grade of Gliomas

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In this study, we have developed a multi-task model based on Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) to determine the isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) status and grade of gliomas brain tumours from T1-weighted (T1), T2-weighted (T2) and Fluid-Attenuated Inversion Recovery (FLAIR) images, both independently and utilizing stacked images.The study used information from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), which includes scans of grade III & IV tumours.Around 5546 MR images of individual modality and 1942 images of stacked modalities were processed from the original dataset.Popular CNN architectures like MobileNet, EfficientNetB0, EfficientNetB1, EfficientNetB2 and Xception models were implemented and used for the predictive analysis.A multi-task model has been developed to generate the grade and the IDH status from a single input image.Further, a user interface was developed using Python binding for Qt (PyQt) for checking the samples in real time without the help of medical experts.In comparison to all other models taken into account in this study, the EfficientNetB2 CNN model achieved the highest accuracy.For grade classification and IDH status classification on stacked images, the EfficientNetB2 CNN multi-task architecture achieved accuracy values of 99.4% and 99.6%, respectively.Accuracy scores of 99.7% and 99.8%, respectively, are obtained for grade classification and IDH status classification on individual images.
Integrative gene expression analysis of lung cancer based on a technology-merging approach

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Nowadays there are many microarray gene expression datasets which are available by means of public repositories. Nevertheless, the fact is that most of them are low-scale analysis with a little number of samples. Consequently, integrating different data from several independent studies which try to treat a similar disease may be seen as a good option to tackle with the scarce number of samples that can be collected by only one study. In this paper we take a step beyond this approach and we merge also datasets from different microarray technologies, namely both Illumina and Affymetrix. Thanks to that we achieve a bigger database of lung cancer studies in order to obtain more significantly expressed genes in the differential gene expression analysis.