jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Quantitative Studies of Compensatory Testicular Hypertrophy Following Unilateral Castration in the Boar

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Unilateral castration of Large White x Landrace boars at monthly intervals up to 5 months of age, with the remaining testis being removed 2 months later, resulted in compensatory hypertrophy of the testis which decreased with age. In pigs 3 and 4 months old there was significant hypertrophy of the testis but at 5 and 7 months of age testicular weight of the hemicastrates did not differ significantly from control values. The increase in the testicular weight of unilaterally castrated pigs was correlated with an increase in the number of Sertoli and germ cells at 3 months of age and germ cells at 4 months of age occupying the seminiferous epithelium. This was correlated with increased total seminiferous tubule length and larger cross-sectional area of the tubule. Sertoli cell occupancy did not differ significantly between unilaterally castrated and intact boars.
Investigating the place of forgiveness within the Positive Youth Development paradigm

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract This article examines the place of forgiveness within the Positive Youth Development (PYD) paradigm. We suggest knowledge of forgiveness can be advanced by understanding it from a developmental perspective. We review research indicating that forgiveness can contribute to positive developmental outcomes during adolescence and we explore theoretical relationships between forgiveness and three important components of the PYD perspective: the development of a moral identity, developmental assets and adolescents as co‐producers of their development. These particular PYD concepts are discussed because of their relation to scholarly work on forgiveness and because they can provide a developmental perspective that may advance our understanding of forgiveness. Finally, we discuss the implications of conceptualising forgiveness from a PYD perspective for research on forgiveness and for forgiveness education. Research implications include examining how youth move from one point in the forgiveness process to the next, investigating forgiveness across transgressors and contexts and exploring individual differences in forgiveness. Implications for education include integrating forgiveness education into youth programmes, developing models of forgiveness and teaching youth strategies to gain self‐awareness and increase intentional action. Acknowledgements We would like to thank Dr. B. Bradford Brown for reading and commenting on an early version of this paper.
A new approach to investigate annoyance responses to sound elements

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Soundscape research indicates that sound perception is a complex auditory experience with emotional content and the potential for annoyance should not be measured simply in terms of loudness. However, there are limited objective tools available to investigate annoyance and the relative health implications of negative soundscape elements. As part of a Positive Soundscapes (UK) project, the physiological responses [heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR) and electromyography (EMG) ] to soundscape elements were compared with the subjective assessment of pleasantness and arousal (assessed on 9 point scales) evoked in 80 subjects who listened to 18 x 8 second sound-clips. The data were analyzed via a linear mixed-model ANOVA. Listening to sound-clips lowered HR slightly but significantly. More unpleasant sound-clips caused larger falls in HR. Listening to a sound-clip raised RR slightly but significantly. The more pleasant the sound-clip was judged the greater was the rise in RR. The EMG tended to be raised by unpleasant sound-clips. Therefore, distinctive significant relationships were found between physiological measurements and the subjective estimates of pleasantness for the sound-clips presented. Therefore, an objective technique could be developed for sound engineering which allows for the potential investigation and assessment of annoyance levels to various sound elements.
Effects of a Time-Dependent Ring Current on Field Lines of a Magnetic Dipole

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

An analytical expression for the magnetic lines of force for a system consisting of a magnetic dipole and the symmetric ring current in free space was first derived in terms of the intensity of the ring current. Then, with the aid of the magnetic flux conservation theorem, an expression relating the latitudinal displacement of the magnetic lines of force and the change of the ring current intensity was derived, and the space and time variations of the magnetic lines of force with a change in the intensity of the ring current were examined.
Ventilator Associated Pneumonia in Neurology and Neurosurgery Intensive Care Unit: Incidence, Risk Factors and Pathogens (P5.334)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective and Background Ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) is defined as pneumonia occurring >48 h after the initiation of endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation (MV). It is the most frequent health care-associated infection in major studies performed in medical intensive-care-units (ICUs) and about 90% of episodes of hospital acquired pneumonia among the ICU patients occur during MV. Studies regarding VAP in specific Neurology and Neurosurgery ICU (NNICU) setting are lacking. Material and methods We prospectively studied 100 subjects from NNICU whose length of stay in ICU was longer than 24 hours. Patient's length of stay in the ICU, duration of MV, device utilization ratio and infection rate were recorded. The presence or absence of pneumonia and its type was documented based on standard definitions given by Centres for Disease control and Prevention (CDC). Quantitative culture of endobronchial aspirate was performed using automated VITEK 2 system. Results Overall pneumonia was detected in 35 patients (35%), 4 had community-acquired pneumonia, 7 had hospital-acquired pneumonia and 24 had VAP. VAP rate per 1000 ventilator-days was 29.3. Fifty nine subjects needed MV with a mean duration of 13.7±12 days and device utilisation ratio of 0.42. Altogether 37 pathogens were isolated and Acinetobacter baumannii was most common isolated pathogen (24.3%). Increased duration of MV (P<0.0001) and associated comorbid illness (p=0.005) were significantly associated with VAP in univariate analysis. In multivariate analysis duration of MV was found to be the only independent risk factor (P<0.0001). Conclusion Increased duration of MV is a strong risk factor for development of VAP. Therefore, by administering an adequate weaning protocol and other measures that shorten the duration of MV may decrease the hospital costs, morbidity and mortality.
Seroprevalence of Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii infections in aborted cattle in Hamedan, Iran

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

The aim of current study was to assess the seroprevalence of Neospora (N.) caninum and Toxoplasma (T.) gondii infections in aborted cattle and subsequent estimation of role of these parasites in cattle abortion in Hamedan province, Iran. Blood samples (n=85) of aborted cattle were collected from different locations of Hamedan province for a period of two years from January, 2010 to December, 2012. All the samples were evaluated for the presence of IgG-antibodies against N. caninum and T. gondii using Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay (ELISA). The results showed that 61.2% (n=52/85), 5.9% (n=5/85) and 3.5% (n=3/85) animals were positive for N. caninum, T. gondii and co-infection of these two, respectively. There was no significant correlation between seroprevalence rates, age groups and breeding (p>0.05). However, a significant difference was found between T. gondii infection and the type of cattle (p=0.05), unlike to N. caninum (p=0.52). This is the first report of N. caninum and T. gondii co-infection in cattle in Iran. Although the rate of T. gondii infection was lower but this parasite might partly be responsible to be transmitted to humans. Further investigations and appropriate control strategies in management of cattle farms are highly recommended.
Chronic Itch- A Disease State on Its Own Right

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Recent epidemiological studies indicate that nearly 17% of adults in Germany suffer from chronic itch A quarter of the affected persons had suffered from pruritus for >5 years, Forty seven percent of the patients had never sought medical advice [2], and 94% had not undergone any treatment suggesting that chronic itch is inadequately managed [2]. In a large study in patients with end stage renal failure the International Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study, which evaluated more than 18,000 patients on hemodialysis therapy, pruritus was associated with a 17% greater mortality risk, an effect that was no longer significant after adjustment for measures of sleep quality [3] This observation suggests that sleep disturbances may have an important role in the greater mortality risk associated with chronic itch in hemodialysis patients. To practicing dermatologists it is quite clear that chronic itch corrodes the spirit and mind and disrupts the ability of patients to function and has extended effects on family and the society. However when we manage these patients we often address only part of the complex problem and in most cases the therapeutic approach is only tailored to address the skin disease or lesions rather than the multidimensional aspects of chronic itch. In-order to improve the quality of care of chronic itch dermatologists should change their view of chronic itch as a symptom of a disease while the itch itself being ignored. The Oxford definition of disease is “A condition of the body, in which its functions are disturbed or deranged; a morbid physical condition”. Clearly, chronic itch withstands this definition. Moreover we have made progress in understanding the neurobiological basis of itch both in the skin and the central nervous system [4]. Chronic itch has many similarities to chronic pain including peripheral and central sensitization of nerve fibers leading to increased sensitivity to itch. This explains why chronic itch sufferers have increased itch sensation to stimuli such as heat, touch, exposure to certain cloths scratching and sweat [4]. Changes in physical and psychosocial factors are an integral part of chronic itch similar to chronic pain. The following factors include: disturbed sleep, stress, anxiety and fear, poor work performance, disability and isolation from friends and family, as well as dependence on medication. Depression is common among chronic itch sufferers and can end up in extreme cases to suicide. For these reasons chronic itch should be acknowledged in the dermatology community as a disease in its own right.
Preoperative Predictors of Successful External Cephalic Version with Breech Presentation at Term: A Single-site Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: To determine the factors associated with successful external cephalic version (ECV) of breech presentation at term in China. Methods: Pregnant patients who underwent ECV for a breech presentation at term from January 2020 to January 2023 were included in this retrospective observational study. From the candidate demographic and clinical factors a logistic regression model was employed to detect the predictors of ECV success. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was constructed to test the discriminative capacity of the final model. Results: The success rate of ECV in 207 pregnancies with a breech presentation at term was 68.6%. The rates of failed ECV after four to five attempts were 45/207 (21.7%), and suspected foetal hypoxia was present in 7 out of 207 (3.38%) babies. Three factors—an increased amniotic fluid index (AFI), the use of terbutaline and lower head circumference to femur length (HC/FL) ratio predicted the probability of a successful ECV. The area under the ROC curve (c-statistics) was 0.735 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.649–0.800). Conclusions: An increased AFI, use of terbutaline, and a lower HC/FL ratio were all associated with successful ECV and can be used to estimate the chances of ECV success. ECV for breech presentation is a safe procedure with a reasonable success rate which increases the likelihood of a vaginal birth.
Fabrication and Tribological Behaviour of Mg-TiO2 Composites

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

In the present study pure magnesium was taken as a base metal which is reinforced with various weight percentages of TiO 2 (2.5, 5, 7.5, 10 % wt).This is done through a vacuum stir casting route with argon as a shielding gas to prevent oxidation.The prepared samples were machined using the Electric Discharge Machining (EDM) to achieve accurate dimensions for the study of tribological properties.A computerized pin-on-disc machine is used to study the dry sliding wear behaviour of the Mg-based composites.Wear losses were calculated using a variety of load parameters (10N, 15N, 20N, and 25N), sliding velocities (1 m/s, 1.5 m/s, and 2.0 m/s) and the weight percentage of the reinforcement.The results proved that the wear loss increased with an increase in the load, and decreased with an increase in the sliding velocity.The wear resistance is improved with an increase in the percentage of reinforcements in the matrix.The morphology and distribution of reinforcements were analysed by means of Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy-Dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, respectively.The results revealed a uniform distribution of TiO 2 particles throughout the magnesium matrix in the Mg-TiO 2 composites.
Prognostic factors for survival in dogs with cerebral glioma receiving primary radiotherapy: a pilot study

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Preview this chapter: Prognostic factors for survival in dogs with cerebral glioma receiving primary radiotherapy: a pilot study, Page 1 of 1 < Previous page | Next page > /docserver/preview/fulltext/10.22233/9781910443774/9781910443774.64.5-1.gif
The 21st Century Venue

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

A fundamental ingredient of presenting quality arts and entertainment experiences to contemporary audiences is the imaginative design, management and use of the places in which they happen: the venues. This chapter will continue to explore the changing relationship between audiences, producers and presenters of live arts and entertainment by looking at the design and use of physical spaces. Whether we are talking about a large arena,a formal theatre space, a temporary performing space or a mobile cinema, many of the issues facing producers and managers are similar. This chapter will explore a number of issues affecting the design and use of spaces — large and small, formal and informal — and the current trends in venue design and management for presenting entertainment and hearts. In the course of the chapter, we will consider topics such as the history of venue design and the justifications for different venues and building processes, as well as design issues including inclusivity, sustainability,flexibility and the use of technology. Trends including the move towards intimacy and transparency will be looked at in the context of how these issues relate to key values, such as equality, community, innovation and empowerment of the individual.
Ultralow Lattice Thermal Conductivity in Ba<sub>23</sub>M<sub>10</sub>Ge<sub>10</sub>Sb<sub>25‑δ</sub> (M = Ga, In):\nQuaternary Compounds Containing Ba-Centered Dodecahedra

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Two\nnew quaternary compounds, Ba<sub>23</sub>Ga<sub>10</sub>Ge<sub>10</sub>Sb<sub>25</sub> and Ba<sub>23</sub>In<sub>10</sub>Ge<sub>10</sub>Sb<sub>24.79</sub>, have been synthesized by using the high temperature\nsolid-state reactions. These new phases exhibit huge unit cells (<i>V</i> = 17 514.6 and 18 455.8 Å<sup>3</sup> for Ga- and In-containing compounds, respectively),which comprise\n544 atoms and feature “onion-like” M<sub>20</sub>Ge<sub>20</sub>Sb<sub>30</sub> clusters connected through the Sb–Sb\nbonds. Among these clusters, substantial isolated units such as Ba,\nSb, or Sb<sub>3</sub> trimers are filled. With such a complex structure as well as the\nlarge unit cell and substantial heavy constituent atoms, ultralow\nlattice thermal conductivity (κ<sub>l</sub>) was observed for\nBa<sub>23</sub>Ga<sub>10</sub>Ge<sub>10</sub>Sb<sub>25</sub>, ranging\nfrom 0.2 to 0.38 W·m<sup>–1</sup>·K<sup>–1</sup> from 323 to 823 K. As a result, a maximun <i>ZT</i> of\n0.27 was achieved at 823 K.
Genetic screening of FecB, FecXGand FecXI mutations and their linkage with litter size in Barki and Rahmani sheep breeds

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Contents Characterization of fecundity genes offers the opportunity to improve production efficiency, and the consequent increase in litter size in livestock industry, through utilizing them in breeding programs. The main objective of this study was to detect the BMPR ‐ IB , BMP 15 and GDF 9 gene mutations and to investigate whether these mutations are associated with litter size in Egyptian sheep breeds. To achieve this goal, 73 adult ewes representing Barki ( n = 33) and Rahmani ( n = 40) breeds were used. Polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism ( PCR ‐ RFLP ) screening approach was used to detect the presence of FecB, Fec X G and Fec X I mutations in the two selected breeds. Results of this study showed that the three different candidate gene mutations, namely FecB , Fec X G and Fec X I are not present among these selected populations of the Egyptian breeds. Further studies regarding other mutations and/or other genes, which may influence ovulation rate, should be carried out to determine the type and mode of inheritance of such genes in Egyptian sheep breeds.
Potential use of rhizobacteria from theBacillusgenus to stimulate the plant growth of micropropagated bananas

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Introduction . Soil microbiota communities have demonstrated their crucial role in maintaining the soil ecological balance and therefore the sustainability of either natural ecosystems or agroecosystems. Rhizospheric microbe-plant interactions have a great influence on plant health and soil quality since these root-associated microorganisms are able to help the host plant to deal with drought, nutritional and soil-borne pathogen stress conditions. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) can be considered among rhizosphere-beneficial microorganisms. In a micropropagated plant system, bacterial inoculation at the beginning of the acclimatisation phase must also be observed from the perspective of the establishment of the soil microbiota rhizosphere. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of a rhizobacteria consortium of Bacillus spp. on the first developmental stages of two micropropagated bananas. Materials and methods . Two varieties of banana plant cultivars (‘Grande Naine’ and a banana-derived tetraploid hybrid ‘ITC 1297’) were inoculated or not with a suspension of Bacillus spp. at the beginning of the weaning phase. Six plants were considered per treatment and cultured under greenhouse conditions in a randomised design. For both cultivars, plants were harvested (135 and 185) days after bacterial inoculation and analysed for growth parameters and nutrient contents. Results . Concerning plant development, bacterial application induced a positive effect on both cultivars although this effect showed some time differences depending on the banana cultivar. Foliar mineral contents were significantly increased only in ‘Grande Naine’ plants at 135 days. Our results demonstrated for the first time that the Bacillus spp. consortium tested was able to improve banana development (both cultivars) and foliar mineral contents in one of them. Conclusion . Therefore, this bacterial consortium can be described as PGPR for banana under these experimental conditions. This biotechnology, adaptable to the hardening phase, thus represents a prospective way to increase plant health and survival rates in commercial nurseries.
Prenatal ultrasound factors and genetic disorders in pregnancies complicated by polyhydramnios

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A postnatal clinical follow-up program can reveal chromosomal or genetic disorders in about 13% of neonates with a prenatal diagnosis of polyhydramnios. The severity of polyhydramnios and the reduction of fetal movements are independently associated with the presence of such diseases. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Widening of Western Distributor viaduct in Sydney NSW

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The existing viaduct is a complex structure and was designed in 1967. It is 507 metres long and consists of 19 spans of varying length from 23 to 30 meters. The width of the deck also varies. The superstructure is a reinforced concrete multicellular deck with a prestressed concrete diaphragm at each pier. This superstructure is continuous over two or three piers and has seven drop-in spans supported by half joints. The substructure consists of two reinforced concrete columns connected by either hemispherical bearings or built into the superstructure. The paper describes the design of the viaduct widening and a developed unique scheme to support this widening. This scheme eliminated the need to strengthen the existing structure and overcame many site constraints. The widening is 271 meters long with variable width from 2.3 to 5.5 meters and consists of steel structure supported on reinforced concrete corbels. Each pair of corbels was clamped to the existing column using stress bars. The widening was constructed under traffic conditions. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see IRRD abstract no. E218160.
[Ultrastructural and cytochemical studies of malignant histiocytosis].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The internal and surface ultrastructure and cytochemistry (MPO, AP) of the histiocytes from 16 patients were studied. The results showed that poorly differentiated histiocyte was irregular in cell contour with various projections. All had more or less neoplastic histiocytes in which numerous vacuoles and blisters along peripheral plasma membrane were seen. The neoplastic cells had numerous lysosomes, abundant short strands of rough endoplasmic reticulum, and free and poly-ribosomes in the cytoplasma. Long profiles and ring of RER as well as expansive forms were seen in 4 cases. The mitochondria were generally normal although an occasional elongated form and their cristae showed destroyed architecture in 6 cases. Occasionally, perinuclear bundles of microfilaments and prominent Golgi apparatus were seen. The nuclei of the neoplastic histiocytes were irregularly shaped and most had one or two huge nucleoli. Circular nuclear bodies were often seen. The ultrastructural cytochemistry of the neoplastic histiocytes showed: MPO was weakly positive in about 1/4 to 1/2 of the cells. AP reaction in all of the neoplastic histiocytes was always strongly positive located in the nuclear membrane. RER, lysosomes granules and Golgi apparatus. Under SEM, various surface characteristics of the neoplastic histiocytes were seen such as bleb-covered surface; bleb-ruffled surface, and ruffled surface.