jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
SPORADIC BOVINE ENCEPHALOMYELITIS: II. STUDIES ON THE ETIOLOGY OF THE DISEASE. ISOLATION OF NINE STRAINS OF AN INFECTIOUS AGENT FROM NATURALLY INFECTED CATTLE123

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Journal Article SPORADIC BOVINE ENCEPHALOMYELITIS: II. STUDIES ON THE ETIOLOGY OF THE DISEASE. ISOLATION OF NINE STRAINS OF AN INFECTIOUS AGENT FROM NATURALLY INFECTED CATTLE Get access HERBERT A. WENNER, HERBERT A. WENNER Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar GERALD S. HARSHFIELD, GERALD S. HARSHFIELD Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar TE WEN CHANG, TE WEN CHANG Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar ROBERT W. MENGES ROBERT W. MENGES Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar American Journal of Epidemiology, Volume 57, Issue 1, January 1953, Pages 15–29, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a119560 Published: 01 January 1953 Article history Received: 16 July 1952 Published: 01 January 1953
Identity in social context: Plurilingual families in Baden-Wuerttemberg and South Tyrol

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In trying to understand how identity can be constructed in the face of diversity, plurilingual families are a focal point of interest, since they live between different cultures and identities. In our article, we assume along with Bucholtz and Hall (2005) that identity encompasses macro-level demographic categories, local ethnographically specific cultural positions as well as temporary, interactionally specific stances and participant roles. Based on this theoretical assumption, we will describe how plurilingual families construct their identity by comparing two different regions: the officially monolingual German federal state of Baden-Wuerttemberg and the officially trilingual Autonomous Province of Bolzano/South Tyrol. The analysis in this article is based on semi-structured interviews with and self-recordings of plurilingual families in Baden-Wuerttemberg and South Tyrol.
Effects of lactational level on reactivation of ovarian function, and interval from parturition to first visual oestrus and conception in high-producing holstein cows

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Data were collected on 19 high-producing Holstein dairy cows from day 20 post partum until they were either determined pregnant or reached 150 days post partum . Blood metabolites (progesterone (P 4 ), glucose, beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) and free fatty acids (FFA)) were related to the interval from parturition to first luteal phase, first visual oestrus and conception. Prior to data analysis, cows were divided into two groups based on their 120-day milk production and designated as below herd average (BHA; no. = 9) or above herd average (AHA; no. = 10). Average 120-day milk productions for BHA, AHA and herdmates (no. = 56) were 3932 (s.e. 157), 4841 (s.e. 60) and 4353 (s.e. 96) kg, respectively. Days from parturition to first luteal phase were not different between the BHA and AHA groups (31·7 (s.e. 1·7) and 31·5 (s.e. 6·9), respectively). In contrast, days from parturition to first visual oestrus and to conception oestrus were less for the BHA group than for the AHA group (46·8 (s.e. 4·6) and 76·9 (s.e. 7·5) v. 67·7 (s.e. 5·2) and 102·5 (s.e. 9·2) days, respectively ( P < 0·05)). Further, average glucose concentration from day 20 to first luteal phase was higher ( P < 0·05) for the BHA group than for the AHA group (64·1 (s.e. 1·6) v. 58·4 (s.e. 1·6) mg/dl). From day 20 to first visual oestrus, plasma glucose concentration increased while BHBA and FFA declined; all three metabolites then remained relatively constant until conception. These data suggest that as the amount of milk a dairy cow produces increases, the interval from parturition to first visual oestrus and conception increases. These data are consistent with a suppression of oestrus behaviour rather than with a delayed interval to ovarian cyclicity.
Preoperative Elevated Neutrophil-to-Lymphocite Ratio Should Be an Indication for Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Patients with Periampullary and Pancreatic Cancers and Normal Levels of Preoperative CA 19.9.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background. One of the most important prognostic factors in periampullary and pancreatic cancers is perineural infiltration, whose preoperative detection could be decisive in selecting which patients should not undergo upfront surgery. We evaluated CA 19.9 and the Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) as preoperative predictors of perineural invasion (PNI). Methods: Retrospective analysis including patients with periampullary and pancreatic cancers who underwent curative resection from January 2013 to August 2023 in our institution. A univariate analysis and multivariate analysis were performed to analyze the association between the CA 19.9 and NLR with the existence of PNI. Results: A total of 136 patients were included in the study. PNI was observed in 95 (69.9%) patients. The selected cut-off points were NLR: 2.2 and CA 19.9: 37 U/mL. In univariate analysis, NLR (p=0.001) and CA 19.9 (p=0.006) were statistically significantly associated with PNI. In multivariate analysis, baseline NLR levels (p=0.012; OR: 1.95; 95%CI: 1.16-3.29) as well as CA 19.9 levels (p=0.026; OR: 1.67; 95%CI: 1.06-2.64) remained independent prognostic factors for PNI. The area under de ROC curves was 0.67 for CA 19.9 (p=0.004) and 0.72 for NLR (p&lt;0.001). A sensitivity of 65.9% with a positive predictive value of 81.7% were obtained for CA 19.9, and a sensitivity of 62.1% with a positive predictive value of 84.3% were achieved for NLR. Conclusion: Preoperative CA 19.9 and NLR levels seem to be good predictors of PNI. In patients with normal levels of CA 19.9, preoperative NLR above of 2.2 should be an indication for neoadjuvant therapy.
ENHANCED EROSION AND SLOPE INSTABILITY OF THE BLUE RIDGE ESCARPMENT ALONG FRACTURE-CONTROLLED TOPOGRAPHIC LINEAMENTS: A CASE STUDY FROM WESTERN NORTH CAROLINA, SOUTHERN APPALACHIANS

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The Blue Ridge Escarpment is a NNE-trending steep landform that separates the high topography of the western North Carolina Blue Ridge physiographic province from the lower elevation Piedmont to the east. It intersects numerous E-W, NE-SW, and SSE-WNW lineaments along its length, which form reentrants with steep valley walls. During our recent work mapping slope movements in Polk County, we focused on two of these trench lineaments, the E-W-trending Pacolet River Valley and the NE-trending Green River Gorge, where abundant near-vertical fractures in the bedrock, high topographic relief (up to 700 m), and large drainage areas above the escarpment provide favorable conditions for a variety of slope movements to initiate. Many debris flows, debris slides, rockfalls, and rock slides initiate here along high-angle joints that strike parallel to the lineaments. Debris flows often travel through rectilinear drainages that are parallel and perpendicular to these E-W- and NE-SW striking joints, or move parallel to the strike of a pervasive topographic fabric formed by metamorphic foliation that dips gently to the NNE. This foliation, which preferentially crops out on south-facing slopes, may explain the topographic asymmetry of the Pacolet River Valley and why the steeper north side of the valley is eroding by debris flows, while the less steep south side is mantled by composite debris slide, rockfall, and rockslide deposits. Some of the linear features that cross cut the escarpment are driven by fractures but others are formed from metamorphic layers and the associated differential erosional in varying lithology. The orientations of outcrop-scale fractures and foliation match lineament fabrics that are visible in high-resolution lidar and the major topographic reentrants that intersect the escarpment, where it is likely that erosion is enhanced by intersecting fracture sets and minor post-orogenic faults. Similar features found to the north such as Hickory Nut Gorge, the Swannanoa lineament, the Laurel Creek lineament, and the Boone lineament all contain orogen-crossing fractures and faults leading to increased instability and greater abundance of slope movements.
Better Management Through Measurement: Integrating Archaeological Site Features into a GIS-Based Erosion and Sea Level Rise Impact Assessment—Blueskin Bay, New Zealand

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Climate change poses a formidable site management challenge to coastal archaeologists and heritage planners. To manage its impacts, multi-scalar assessments are being employed that incorporate spatial technologies such as GIS, LiDAR, and GPS. While these technologies provide a powerful means of identifying susceptibility and tracking impacts, their ability to direct site management is limited by the accuracy of their incorporated archaeological geospatial data. Without current information regarding the location, condition, and extent of sites, spatial analyses cannot readily adapt to changing site conditions or drive site-specific management. To address this issue, this paper sets out a methodology that combines field survey with GIS-based spatial analysis to track erosion and inundation's impact on coastal sites. This approach is applied to Blueskin Bay, New Zealand, where 26 sites were visited and had Differential GPS (DGPS) data collected of their visible archaeological features. The inclusion of this geospatial data into the GIS-based Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) tool and Sea Level Rise (SLR) model allowed sites to be considered on a scale much finer than conventional computer-based impact assessments. Ultimately, this fine scale approach has the capability of driving better, more informed site management.
Efficient Endocytosis of the Human Lactoferrin N-Lobe Enhances Its Antiproliferative Activity against Human Cancer Cells

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Human lactoferrin (hLF) is a glycosylated globular iron-binding protein with high functional versatility that elicits anticancer, neuroprotective, and anti-inflammatory effects. Some of the diverse functions of hLF are induced after its internalization into various cells via cell surface endocytosis receptors, such as proteoglycans, which contain glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains. We have previously demonstrated that an hLF derivative comprising the N-terminal half of hLF (referred to as the N-lobe) is internalized by intestinal enterocyte Caco-2 cells. However, the relationship between the intracellular uptake of the N-lobe and its pharmacological activity remains poorly understood. Here, we report that the N-lobe is efficiently internalized by lung cancer cells via endocytic pathways, suppressing their proliferation. Moreover, the N-lobe showed higher intracellular uptake than hLF. We found that the N-lobe was internalized into the human lung cancer cell lines PC-14 and PC-3 via clathrin- and/or caveolae-mediated endocytosis. Intracellular uptake of the N-lobe was inhibited when an equimolar concentration of chondroitin sulfate (CS)-E, a GAG subtype involved in malignant transformation and tumor metastasis, was added. The inhibitory effect of the N-lobe on PC-14 cell proliferation decreased with the addition of CS-E in a dose-dependent manner, suggesting that the CS-recognizing sequence on the N-lobe is necessary for its internalization or that the CS proteoglycan on cancer cells acts as an endocytosis receptor. These results suggest that the efficient endocytic uptake of the N-lobe is important for its antiproliferation effects on lung cancer cell lines. Thus, the N-lobe presents a promising drug candidate for cancer treatment.
Is Systemic Inflammation Associated with Passive Smoke Exposure? A Population-Based Observational Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background and Objectives：Passive smoking increases the risk of cardiovascular disease, but the factors responsible for this association remain largely unknown. We sought to determine whether passive smoke exposure is associated with systemic inflammation in a dose-dependent fashion, which is a known risk factor for cardiovascular events. Subjects and Methods：We analyzed the data of self-reported non-smokers, ≥40 years of age, who were from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (n=6,595). We quantified the passive nicotine exposure by dividing the non-smokers into quartiles, as based on the serum cotinine values. We used multiple linear and logistic regression models to determine the independent relationship between serum cotinine and the levels of C-reactive protein, fibrinogen and leukocytes, and the platelet expression. Results： After adjustments were done for age, gender, body mass index and race, the participants in the highest serum cotinine quartile (quartile 4) had circulating platelet, fibrinogen and homocysteine levels that were 6,893/μL higher (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1,886 to 11,900/μL, p=0.007), 8.74 mg/dL (95% CI: 2.63 to 14.84 mg/dL, p=0.005) and 0.90 μmol/L (95% CI: 0.36 to 1.43 (μmol/L, p=0.001), respectively, than in those in the lowest quartile of serum cotinine (quartile 1). There was a dose-dependent increase in the circulating fibrinogen, homocysteine and platelet levels across the quartiles of cotinine. Conclusion：These findings indicate that even among nonsmokers, elevated serum cotinine is an independent risk factor for systemic inflammation. This suggests that passive smoke exposure promotes systemic inflammatory response in a dose-dependent fashion. These observations may explain why passive smoking is a risk factor for atherosclerosis and cardiovascular events. (Korean Circulation J 2006;36:510-515)
Three-phase induction motor with spiral sheet rotor

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Improvements on the torque with low currents using rotor with spiral sheets are analyzed. Several rotors and stators have been built combining different constructive and mechanical characteristics of the related elements: inertias, constructive materials, geometrical shapes of the sheets and geometrical disposition of the sheets. These different types of motors have been simulated using computer aided tools and then tested in the laboratory. Finally, four stators (1000, 1500, 1500-type A, and 3000 rpm) having the same constructive parameters, have been simulated and tested with the following rotors types: solid rotor, solid rotor with diamagnetic rings, drag cup, and simple and double squirrel cage rotor; these results have been compared to those obtained with the seven variants of spiral sheet rotor presented in this paper.
Heparanase——a novel regulator for cell and matrix interactions

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Dynamic interactions between cells and underlying extracellular matrices are crucial for development, maintenance of cellular function, and response of tissure to injury and infection. Heparan sulfate proteoglycans(HSPG)are found in extracellular matrices and on the surface of most nuclrarated cells, and play critical roles in cell-cell and cell-matrix signal transduction by binding many molecules, such as growth factors and cytokines. Most of the biological properties of HSPG are conferred by heparan sulfate side chains, which can be degraded by heparanase. Changes of heparanase expression and activity may affect the biological processes above, which enables extravasation of inflammation cells, metastasis and neoangiogenesis of tumor cells invasion.
Mechanism for the Green Glow of the Upper Ionosphere

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The generation of the green line of atomic oxygen by dissociative recombination of O 2 + occurs by the capture of an electron into a repulsive state of O 2 followed by dissociation along another state of a different electronic symmetry. The two states are coupled together by mixed symmetry Rydberg states. Quantum chemical calculations give a rate coefficient at room temperature of (0.39 −0.19 +0.31 ) × 10 −8 cubic centimeters per second. The quantum yield of excited oxygen is within the range deduced from ground, rocket, and satellite observations. The rate coefficients and yields are needed in models of the optical emission, chemistry, and energy balance of planetary ionospheres.
Progress and perspective of synthetic biology

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Synthetic biology is an emerging field of biological research that combines science and engineering to study the mechanism of life and for a variety of technological applications.Research in synthetic biology has primarily focused on developing an engineering dogma for bottom-up design and synthesis of biological circuits from standardized parts and modules followed by optimizing their operation on well-characterized chassis,in vivo or in vitro.Recent progress in synthetic biology,such as significant improvements in efficient DNA/gene synthesis and ever increasing knowledge of biological systems via genomic and functional genomic analysis enables scientists to design and construct increasingly complex genetic devices and circuits,to synthesize and assembly bacterial genomes,and to develop artificially modified biological systems to produce renewable chemicals,biofuels,pharmaceutical intermediates,health care products and new tools for environment protection.However,neither the scientific complexity nor the technological uncertainty of the research has been thoroughly studied.In addition,the legal and ethical concerns of its social and humanitarian impact is largely yet to be addressed.Proper regulations should be developed to support the innovation and related application transformation while protecting the public from potential harms.
Jefferson and Southwestern Exploration: The Freeman and Custis Accounts of the Red River Expedition of 1806

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Journal Article Jefferson and Southwestern Exploration: The Freeman and Custis Accounts of the Red River Expedition of 1806 Get access Jefferson and Southwestern Exploration: The Freeman and Custis Accounts of the Red River Expedition of 1806. Edited by Flores Dan L.. (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1984. xx + 386 pp. Illustrations, maps, appendixes, notes, bibliography, index. $48.50.) Donald Jackson Donald Jackson Colorado Springs, Colorado Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Western Historical Quarterly, Volume 16, Issue 1, January 1985, Pages 84–85, https://doi.org/10.2307/968166 Published: 01 January 1985
Management and Scheduling

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract. Grid computing is becoming a common technology platform for solving large scale computing tasks. However, a number of major technical issues, including the lack of adequate performance evaluation approaches, hinder the Grid&apos;s further development. The requirements herefore are manifold; adequate approaches must combine appropriate performance metrics, realistic workload models, and exible tools for workload generation, submission, and analysis. In this paper we present an approach to tackle this complex problem. First, we introduce a set of grid performance objectives based on traditional and grid-speci c performance metrics. Second, we synthesize the requirements for realistic grid workload modeling, e.g. co-allocation, data and network management, and failure modeling. Third, we show how GrenchMark, an existing framework for generating, running, and analyzing grid workloads, can be extended to implement the proposed modeling techniques. Our approach aims to be an initial and necessary step towards a common performance evaluation framework for grid environments. 1
Transcriptome Comparison Reveals Key Components of Nuptial Plumage Coloration in Crested Ibis

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Nuptial plumage coloration is critical in the mating choice of the crested ibis. This species has a characteristic nuptial plumage that develops from the application of a black sticky substance, secreted by a patch of skin in the throat and neck region. We aimed to identify the genes regulating its coloring, by comparing skin transcriptomes between ibises during the breeding and nonbreeding seasons. In breeding season skins, key eumelanin synthesis genes, TYR, DCT, and TYRP1 were upregulated. Tyrosine metabolism, which is closely related to melanin synthesis, was also upregulated, as were transporter proteins belonging to multiple SLC families, which might act during melanosome transportation to keratinocytes. These results indicate that eumelanin is likely an important component of the black substance. In addition, we observed upregulation in lipid metabolism in breeding season skins. We suggest that the lipids contribute to an oil base, which imbues the black substance with water insolubility and enhances its adhesion to feather surfaces. In nonbreeding season skins, we observed upregulation in cell adhesion molecules, which play critical roles in cell interactions. A number of molecules involved in innervation and angiogenesis were upregulated, indicating an ongoing expansion of nerves and blood vessels in sampled skins. Feather β keratin, a basic component of avian feather filament, was also upregulated. These results are consistent with feather regeneration in the black skin of nonbreeding season ibises. Our results provide the first molecular evidence indicating that eumelanin is the key component of ibis coloration.
Debt Management, Fiscal Vulnerability and Fiscal Solvency: The Mexican Recent Experience

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper analyzes debt management from a solvency point of view. The approach is particularly useful since we can measure the effect of debt management policies, such as debt composition and maturity, in probabilities of insolvency. Thus, by introducing debt management with new financial solvency criteria we can evaluate the effectiveness of that management under the Mexican experience. In particular we evaluate the effect of having different debt composition and the impact of longer maturities in such probabilities. We observe that the probability of reaching a threshold that is unsustainable has decreased from the 1980s and during the 1990s and the 2000s. In fact, the simulations suggest that the policy reaction function of the primary surplus to public debt is highly responsive, given the historical effort of debt reduction at the end of the 1980s. Then, we run a simulation over the sub sample period 1996-2005, in which we incorporate explicitly the external debt reduction policy with different rates of reduction of the proportion of external debt to total ratio. We find that on average, reducing the proportion of external debt to total in 3 percent every period reduces the probability of a crisis in 0.03. Finally, we incorporate an index of domestic maturity in the estimated model and introduce an explicit policy of maturity increases. If the average maturity of the domestic debt increases from zero to two percent every quarter, on average the probability of reaching the specified threshold in 0.02. Similarly, increasing the rate of the term structure of debt from zero to four percent reduces the probability in 0.037, increasing it at 6 percent per quarter decreases the probability in 0.054.
Comparative Analysis of the Origins and Losses of Eusociality: Causal Mosaics and Historical Uniqueness

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Since Darwin (1859) described the caste dimorphism of social insects as one special difficulty that appeared fatal to his whole theory, analysis of the causes of insect sociality has been in the forefront of research in evolutionary biology. Much of this research has been comparative, in that selective pressures common to diverse eusocial taxa have been sought as unitary explanations for the evolution of alloparental care and sterile castes (e.g., Hamilton 1964; Andersson 1984; Alexander et al. 1991).