jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Dentinogenesis imperfecta: the importance of early treatment.

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Dentinogenesis imperfecta, also known as hereditary opalescent dentin, is a dentin development disorder with autosomal dominant transmission that affects both the primary and permanent dentition. A case is reported of a family in which the mother and her 6- and 20-year-old children were diagnosed with dentinogenesis imperfecta type II. The mouths of these patients illustrate the progressive deterioration of affected teeth if not adequately treated. The treatment of the 6-year-old son is described, and therapeutic approaches to this disorder in primary and permanent dentition are reviewed. This family exemplifies the need for the earliest possible diagnosis and treatment of dentinogenesis imperfecta to prevent extensive deterioration of the dentition and occlusion.
Voltage-induced membrane displacement in patch pipettes activates mechanosensitive channels

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The patch-clamp technique allows currents to be recorded through single ion channels in patches of cell membrane in the tips of glass pipettes. When recording, voltage is typically applied across the membrane patch to drive ions through open channels and to probe the voltage-sensitivity of channel activity. In this study, we used video microscopy and single-channel recording to show that prolonged depolarization of a membrane patch in borosilicate pipettes results in delayed slow displacement of the membrane into the pipette and that this displacement is associated with the activation of mechanosensitive (MS) channels in the same patch. The membrane displacement, ≈1 μm with each prolonged depolarization, occurs after variable delays ranging from tens of milliseconds to many seconds and is correlated in time with activation of MS channels. Increasing the voltage step shortens both the delay to membrane displacement and the delay to activation. Preventing depolarization-induced membrane displacement by applying positive pressure to the shank of the pipette or by coating the tips of the borosilicate pipettes with soft glass prevents the depolarization-induced activation of MS channels. The correlation between depolarization-induced membrane displacement and activation of MS channels indicates that the membrane displacement is associated with sufficient membrane tension to activate MS channels. Because membrane tension can modulate the activity of various ligand and voltage-activated ion channels as well as some transporters, an apparent voltage dependence of a channel or transporter in a membrane patch in a borosilicate pipette may result from voltage-induced tension rather than from direct modulation by voltage.
Computer Vision Techniques for Ambient Intelligence Applications

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Ambient Intelligence (AmI) is a muldisciplinary area which refers to environments that are sensitive and responsive to the presence of people and objects. The rapid progress of technology and simultaneous reduction of hardware costs characterizing the recent years have enlarged the number of possible AmI applications, thus raising at the same time new research challenges. In particular, one important requirement in AmI is providing a proactive support to people in their everyday working and free-time activities. To this aim, Computer Vision represents a core research track since only through suitable vision devices and techniques it is possible to detect elements of interest and understand the occurring events. The goal of this thesis is presenting and demonstrating efficacy of novel machine vision research contributes for different AmI scenarios: object keypoints analysis for Augmented Reality purpose, segmentation of natural images for plant species recognition and heterogeneous people identification in unconstrained environments.
Advanced analysis of grid‐connected PV system's performance and effect of batteries

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract An advanced method of analysis for grid‐connected PV systems is developed in this research. To investigate the issues which may arise in the clustered PV systems, a “Demonstration Project on Clustered PV Systems” was initiated in December 2002 in Oota, Japan, involving the installation of more than 500 residential PV systems in the demonstrative research area, and the development of battery‐integrated PV systems to avoid restrictions on output power due to the raising of the grid voltage. The annual performance of commercial PV systems without battery was analyzed and a performance ratio of 80% on average was found to have been achieved. Overvoltage of power distribution lines and snow are two major factors capable of causing very low performance ratio on a daily basis. The effects of batteries have also been analyzed, and the results indicate that there will be some reduction of energy losses due to the grid voltage, but the PCS efficiency will be at least 8% worse than that of commercial PV systems. It was also found that nonoptimized battery operation sometimes results in a fully charged situation at noontime and maximum reverse power flow may not be minimized in this situation. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 164(1): 21–33, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20660
Computational thinking and repetition patterns in early childhood education: Longitudinal analysis of representation and justification

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract This paper provides a longitudinal analysis of the understanding of repetition patterns by 24 Spanish children ages 3, 4 and 5, through representation and the type of justification. A mixed quantitative and qualitative study is conducted to establish bridges between algebraic thinking and computational thinking by teaching repetition patterns in technological contexts. The data are obtained using: a) participant observations; b) audio-visual and photographic records; and c) written representations, in drawing format, from the students. The analysis involves, on the one hand, a statistical analysis of the representations of patterns, and on the other, an interpretive analysis to describe the type of justification that children use in technological contexts: “elaboration”, “validation”, “inference” and “prediction or decision-making”. The results show that: a) with respect to the representation of patterns, errors decreased by 27.3% in 3-to-5-year-olds, with understanding and correct representation of repetition patterns gaining prominence in more than 50% of the sample from the age of 4; b) on the type of justification used, it is evident that in 3-and-4-year-olds, “elaboration” predominates, and at 5, progress is made towards “validation”. We conclude that it is necessary to design learning sequences connected with theory and upheld through practice, and that foster the active role of the teacher as a promoter of teaching situations that help spur the beginning of computational and algebraic thinking.
Constantine in late medieval western art: just the son of a holy mother?

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Throughout the Middle Ages, Emperor Constantine the Great was seen as an
ideal ruler. In the Orthodox Church Constantine was venerated as a saint.1 In
the western Church, no official and generally accepted cult developed, but textual source evidence in the medieval West, particularly various types of medieval chronicles, often dealt with Constantine.2 What I will concentrate on in
this contribution is how Constantine was visually represented in the western
Middle Ages, particularly the late Middle Ages, and what influence this could
have had on how members of different strata of medieval society perceived him.
In the images presented in this chapter, I concentrate mainly on examples from
Central Europe and Italy.
Design, synthesis, and biological activity of perylene tetracarboxydiimide dendrimer

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The novel PAMAM perylene tetracarboxydiimide 5 was synthesized via PAMAM divergent strategy, involves initial Michael addition of aminofunctional core 3 with methyl acrylate followed by exhaustive amidation of the resulting ester 4 with a large excess of ethylenediamine to afford the fluorescent dendrimer 5 with reactive amine groups of its periphery, The chosen fluorophore units are suitable donor–acceptor pair for light-harvesting materials which was in agreement with their good antibacterial activity.
Identification of Stress States in Compressed Masonry Walls Using a Non-Destructive Technique (NDT)

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The structure safety can be assessed, but only indirectly, by identifying material properties, geometry of structures, and values of loads. The complete and comprehensive assessment can be done only after determining internal forces acting inside structures. Ultrasonic extensometry using an acoustoelastic effect (AE) is among the most common non-destructive techniques (NDT) of determining true stresses in structures. Theoretical bases of the method were described in the mid 20th century. They were founded on the correlation between ultrasonic waves and the value and direction of stresses. This method is commonly used to determine stresses mainly in homogeneous materials without any inherent internal defects. This method is rarely applied to porous or composite materials, such as concrete or rock due to a high dispersion of results. Autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC), characterized by high homogeneity and porosity, is the popular material in the construction sector, used to produce masonry units. The discussed tests involved the acoustoelastic effect to determine stresses in the masonry wall made of AAC. This paper presents a widely theoretical background for the AE method, and then describes the author’s own research on AAC divided into two stages. At first, the empirical relationships between compressive stress and velocity of longitudinal ultrasonic wave, including humidity, were determined. In stage II, nine masonry walls were tested in axial compression. Mean compressive stresses in the masonry wall determined with the proposed method were found to produce a satisfactory confidence level up to ca. 50% of failure stresses. Results were significantly understated for stresses of the order of 75% of failure stresses.
High Performance Continuous And Simultaneous Acquisition And Disk Storage Of Event Related Data

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Digitization of event related potentials by an IBM AT microcomputer, or a compatible, often suffers from the limitations imposed by MS-DOS (DOS) and the INTEL microprocessor families used in such systems. A software technique for the AT has been developed which addresses many of the concerns of the reseycher who wishes to continuously digitize and store an indefmitely large amount of data and synchronize the digitization to external events as they occur. In addition, the technique allows the use of the maximum sample rates and throughput c3pability of the system's analog-todigital conversion (0) board. The method may be implemented on almost any 80286 or 80386 DOS system with little or no additional hardware beyond the A/D board.
A comparison of the clinical performance of students in two grading systems: letter and pass-fail.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The effects of letter and pass-fail grading systems on student performance have been little tested in the clinical setting. Thus, the present experiment was conducted to compare (1) the clinical performance of dental hygiene students in the two grading systems, and (2) student impressions regarding the effects of each grading system on performance. Performance was defined as the number of errors detected at the completion of three scaling/polishing procedures. Student impressions were assessed using a two-question, posttest questionnaire. Dental hygiene students (N = 19) in their first semester of patient care experiences were randomly assigned to letter and pass-fail groups. At the end of six months, the mean performances of the two groups were compared using the Student's t-test. Student impressions were compared using the Mann-Whitney test. No difference in clinical performance was detected between the two groups (p = .702), with a high level of performance demonstrated by both groups (about four total errors). Significant differences in student impressions were found, with the pass-fail subjects perceiving both types of grades as less important and less motivating to clinical performance than the letter subjects (p less than .05). These findings imply that a similar level of performance can occur with either grading system in the clinical setting. However, a pass-fail system may be more appropriate, since (1) it may motivate more task interest in clinical activities, and (2) the use of letter grades is more problematic. If further studies demonstrate similar results, dental hygiene educators should seriously consider implementation of pass-fail systems in the clinical setting.
Guidelines for Echocardiography of Low-Risk Patients With Kawasaki Disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

To the Editor.—A recent institutional review regarding follow-up cardiac imaging for low-risk patients with Kawasaki disease demonstrated significant variability in the timing and frequency of echocardiography. There are many factors that may account for this variability in practice and compliance with published guidelines for long-term management of these patients. One of the potential factors we have identified, which may have local and national implications, is the discrepancy between the most recent clinical guidelines for diagnosis, treatment, and long-term management of Kawasaki disease1 and the current Red Book.2The American Heart Association guidelines, first published in 19943 and updated in 2004,1 recommend echocardiography of low-risk or "uncomplicated" patients with Kawasaki disease "at the time of diagnosis, at 2 weeks, and at 6 to 8 weeks after onset of the disease."1 Although the Red Book references the 2004 American Heart Association guidelines, the authors recommend that "an echocardiogram should be obtained early in the acute phase of illness and 6 to 8 weeks after onset." This recommendation is inconsistent with current American Heart Association guidelines and may partially account for local or national variability regarding follow-up practices for children diagnosed with Kawasaki disease.We believe that this is a significant discrepancy; thus, we would like to reiterate the 2004 recommendations of the American Heart Association's Committee on Rheumatic Fever, Endocarditis, and Kawasaki Disease that echocardiography should be performed for all uncomplicated, low-risk patients with Kawasaki disease at diagnosis and at 2 and 6 to 8 weeks after the onset of disease.
Communication Pattern, Dyadic Adjustment, and Parenting Practices among Married Couples in India: Mediating Role of Dyadic Coping

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The primary goal of the current study was to examine the dyadic association between communication patterns (CP), dyadic coping (DC) efforts, dyadic adjustment (DA), and parenting practices (PP), using a sample of 340 married couples ( N = 680) in India. The findings from the actor–partner interdependence mediation modeling (APIMeM) indicated that the husbands showed both actor and partner effects between all the variables. The actor and partner effects were not significant for the link between communication patterns and dyadic coping for wives. Still, they showed significant actor and partner effects for the association between dyadic coping and dyadic adjustment, as well as parenting practices. One’s own and spouse’s dyadic coping mediated the association between communication patterns and dyadic adjustment and parenting practices for husbands but not wives. These findings shed light on the communication and coping mechanisms and their link with adjustment and parenting practices among couples beyond Western cultural contexts.
[Clinical pharmacokinetics of carboplatin and MCNU in malignant brain tumor and normal brain tissues].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We measured the concentrations of MCNU and CBDCA in the serum, brain tumor and normal brain tissue. Six patients with malignant glioma were treated with intravenous chemotherapy using 80mg/m2 MCNU and 300mg/m2 CBDCA during surgery. After drug administration, specimens of serum, tumor and normal brain tissue were collected every 30 min and then the drug concentration in each sample was measured. The highest MCNU levels in all samples were obtained immediately after administration which followed by gradual decrease. On the contrary, the mean CBDCA levels in the tumor and normal tissue remained almost at a constant level, although serum CBDCA level declined rapidly as MCNU. As expected, MCNU seemed to have advantages in the treatment of brain tumors as it distributed with higher concentration in the tumor tissue than in the serum and normal brain tissue. On the contrary, CBDCA in the tumor tissue did not exceed the concentration in the serum. Nevertheless, it remained longer in the tumor tissue with a constant level, suggesting that CBDCA can achieve an effective area under the concentration versus time curve (AUC) in the brain tumor tissue to kill tumor cells.
APS for tactical planning in a steel processing company

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Purpose The main purpose is to describe and analyse the impact that the implementation of an advanced planning system (APS) has on the tactical planning level at a steel processing company. This is done in terms of analysing changes in the tactical planning processes, effects on company performance, and how the APS is used in a practical planning context. Design/methodology/approach This research is based on a longitudinal case study in the process industry. The case company, a high‐end steel producer, has been studied during several years using a combination of data sources: literature reviews, interviews, archival records, and also attendance at meetings, workshops, seminars, etc. Findings This case study points to the fact that implementing an APS and reorganizing the planning department and the planning processes are mutually dependent. The positive effects at the tactical planning level (in terms of service levels, fast and reliable order promises, more accurate forecasts) could not have been realized without the APS. On the other hand, the APS could not have been effectively utilized without the organizational change. Research limitations/implications The results presented in this paper are based on a single case study, but in the context of our literature review and other case studies the findings are still valid and an important step towards better understanding of the practical use of APSs. Practical implications The process descriptions, lessons learnt, and issues encountered in case studies like this should be helpful to practitioners on their way to implement APSs, and companies seeking new ways to improve their planning can use this research to investigate the use of an APS. Originality/value Studies on the practical use of standard APS software are still scarce. As such this paper provides enhanced knowledge and understanding on the use of APSs in industry settings.
The pyrochlore Ho2Ti2O7: Synthesis, crystal growth and stoichiometry

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

We have investigated the effect of synthesis and growth conditions on the magnetic, structural, and compositional properties of pyrochlore oxide holmium titanate and demonstrate a method for growing high quality stoichiometric single crystals. A series of polycrystalline samples with various contents of Ti (-0.08 \leqslant x \leqslant 0.08, and nominal compositions of Ho2Ti2+xO7) were synthesized at different temperatures, and characterized using powder X-ray diffraction. The results show that synthesizing powders at a higher temperature of 1500 °C yield single phase compounds. Ti deficient powders showed an increase of lattice constant due to stuffing (Ho into Ti positions), while Ti rich powders showed a decrease in lattice constant due to anti-stuffing (Ti into Ho positions). A post annealing in O2 was found to be necessary to accomplish the anti-stuffing process. Use of the conventional floating zone (FZ) technique introduced Ti deficiency, stuffing, and oxygen vacancies in the grown crystal. Growth of high structural quality and stoichiometric single crystals of Ho2Ti2O7 by the traveling solvent floating zone (TSFZ) is reported. AC susceptibility measurements revealed that the stoichiometric crystal shows a higher ice freezing temperature, indicating that crystal quality and stoichiometry play a key role on low temperature spin ice properties of this compound.
Impact of the European General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) on Health Data Management in a European Union Candidate Country: A Case Study of Serbia

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

As of May 2018, all relevant institutions within member countries of the European Economic Area are required to comply with the European General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) or face significant fines. This regulation has also had a notable effect on the European Union (EU) candidate countries, which are undergoing the process of harmonizing their legislature with the EU as part of the accession process. The Republic of Serbia is an example of such a candidate country, and its 2018 Personal Data Protection Act mirrors the majority of provisions in the GDPR. This paper presents the impact of the GDPR on health data management and Serbia’s capability to conduct international health data research projects. Data protection incidents reported in Serbia are explored to identify common underlying causes using a novel taxonomy of contributing factors across aspects and health system levels. The GDPR has an extraterritorial application for the non-EU data controllers who process the data of EU citizens and residents, which mainly affects private practices used by medical tourists from the EU, public health care institutions frequented by foreigners, as well as expatriates, dual citizens, tourists, and other visitors. Serbia generally does not have well-established procedures to support international research collaborations around its health data. For smaller projects, contractual arrangements can be made with health data providers and their ethics committees. Even then, organizations that have not previously participated in similar ventures may require approval or support from health authorities. Extensive studies that involve multisite data typically require the support of central health system institutions and relevant research data aggregators or electronic health record vendors. The lack of a framework for preparation, anonymization, and assurance of privacy preservation forces researchers to rely heavily on local expertise and support. Given the current limitation and potential issues with the legislation, it remains to be seen whether the move toward the GDPR will be beneficial for the Serbian health system, medical research, protection of personal data and privacy rights, and research capacity. Although significant progress has been made so far, a strategic approach is needed at the national level to address insufficient resources in the area of data protection and develop the personal data protection environment further. This will also require a targeted educational effort among health workers and decision makers, aiming to improve awareness and develop skills and knowledge necessary for the workforce.