jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Print E-mail edit The Potential of an "Agriculture of the Middle" Model in the Context of EU Rural Development: An American Solution to an Irish Problem?

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In the context of historical policies that pursue economies of scale in agriculture, and of ever-declining farm incomes among small and midsized farms, rural policies of the European Union's Common Agricultural Policy (EU CAP) have demonstrated a shift from productivist commodity agriculture toward modes of economic activity that are innovative as well as environmentally and socially sustainable. One of the key policy initiatives implemented by the EU is the Liaisons Entre Actions de Developpement de l'Economie Rurale (LEADER) initiative, a governance and rural development program designed to foster a participatory approach to cultivating economically diversified, innovative local economies. Indigenous Irish farmers have been slow to engage with the LEADER program, however. Recent research points to farmers' experiences of occupational and cultural estrangement when challenged with making the transition from primary agricultural production activities (and the associated forms of social and cultural capital that are esteemed by farmers) toward economic activities supported by LEADER that are based on service provision and processing. In light of this research, rather than focusing on encouraging farmers to adopt alternative rural enterprises, this paper proposes that a more promising policy approach may lie in a form of organizational innovation that builds on and valorizes indigenous farmers' existing range of agricultural practices. Drawing on the example of the American "Agriculture of the Middle" (AotM) movement, parallels are drawn between the policy aspirations of the EU governance and rural development model, and the economic, social and cultural aspirations of the AotM model. The organizational characteristics of how middle agriculture could be practicably operationalized in the Irish context are explored.
Yes, We (Still) Can: Promoting Equity and Inclusion in Children’s and Young Adult Library Services

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Librarians who work with children and young adults must be especially vigilant in their commitment to helping their young patrons find and use accurate information. They must also seize opportunities to move children and young adults toward realizing their ability to be agents of change. This essay shares the author’s personal perspectives and reactions to the 2016 election and strategies that librarians might implement to provide inclusive and effective services to children and young adults.
Repeat round of auricular percutaneous electrical nerve field stimulation for pediatric disorders of gut brain interaction

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Objectives Percutaneous electrical nerve field stimulation (PENFS) is an FDA‐approved nonpharmacological modality for treating disorders of gut‐brain interaction (DGBI) in pediatric patients. PENFS presumably functions through stimulation of cranial nerves. There is limited data on patients that require more than a 4‐week cycle of treatment with PENFS. We examined the effect of repeated rounds of PENFS on recurrent symptoms and predictors for multiple treatments. Methods We evaluated charts of patients who underwent PENFS placement for DGBI. Data included demographics, medical history, and validated questionnaire responses. Changes over time after each round of placement were assessed. Baseline measures were compared between patients with single versus two rounds. Results A total of 22 patients (median age 17.5 years, 18 (82%) females) with repeated PENFS met the inclusion criteria. A propensity‐matched control group ( n = 22) showed no significant differences in demographics or diagnoses. Patients requiring repeated PENFS placements had higher PCS‐C scores (median 24.5 (IQR 18–28) vs. 16.5 (IQR 9.5–22.5); p = 0.0135), and higher PHQ‐9 scores (median 10 (IQR 8–14) vs. 7 (IQR 7.5–9.5); p = 0.0272). The second round of PENFS placements significantly reduced API, PCS‐C, FDI, PHQ‐9, and CSI scores ( p < 0.05). No statistically significant differences between scores after the first and second rounds were noted. Conclusion Repeating PENFS treatments are becoming common in clinical practice. Our study shows that repeat rounds are as effective as the initial ones, with pain catastrophizing and depression predicting worse outcomes and the need for repeat and/or longer round of treatment.
The Common Key to Class-Switch Recombination and Somatic Hypermutation: Discovery of AID and Its Role in Antibody Gene Diversification

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

The mechanisms by which lymphocytes engineer their genomes, allowing the adaptive immune system to respond to an enormous spectrum of Ags, have been one of the most exciting topics in immunology. By the late 1990s, a detailed understanding of V(D)J recombination mechanisms, found to be controlled by
The Role of Quantum Dot Size on the Performance of Intermediate Band Solar Cells

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The goal of this thesis is to understand possible mechanisms for the reported decrease of the open circuit voltage and solar cell efficiency in quantum dot (QD) intermediate band solar cells (IBSCs). More specifically, the effect of indium arsenide (InAs) QD height on the open circuit voltage and solar cell efficiency was studied in a systematic way. To explore this effect in QD solar cells, several solar cells (SCs) were grown with varying InAs QD heights. All experimental characteristics of the QD solar cells were compared to a reference structure without QDs. All samples were grown by Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE), and self-assembled InAs QDs were formed using the Stranski-Krastanov (SK) growth method. Using a QD truncation technique, the height of the QDs was accurately varied between 2 nm and 5 nm, while maintaining both lateral size and areal density of the QDs. The intermediate band (IB) of each solar cell was constructed from 10 layers of InAs QDs of the same size and density.\nAll samples were fabricated as solar cell devices using standard optical photolithography, for electrical characterization and solar cell efficiency studies. Optical and structural characterization was done for all samples. The following characterizations were performed: Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Low Temperature Photoluminescence (PL), Power Dependent PL, External Quantum Efficiency (EQE), Temperature Dependent Solar Power Conversion Efficiency, and Current-Voltage measurements. The efficiency measurements demonstrate the critical role of QD size on the performance of QD IBSCs. The EQE measurement indicates a change in the position of the band edge, due to carrier confinement, consistent with a QD size variation as verified by TEM and PL. Measurements demonstrate that the EQE in the NIR range of the spectrum is enhanced in the QD IBSCs devices due to light absorption by the QDs. This work also demonstrates that open circuit voltage (Voc) decreases with an increase of the QD height, which leads to significant degradation of the solar cell conversion efficiency for QD sizes above 3 nm. In addition, for samples with QD heights of 4 nm and above, the EQE spectra in the GaAs region decreases, indicating a loss of photocurrent, most likely due to traps introduced by the large QDs. These experimental results suggest that the open circuit voltage in QD IBSCs degrades with the increase of QD height as a result of (i) a decrease of the effective band gap of the absorber media and (ii) enhanced Shockley-Read-Hall recombination in the presence of traps in the solar cell space charge region.
Smart presentation system using hand gestures and Indonesian speech command

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The development of technology for supporting learning system at this time takes place very rapidly. Human Computer Interaction provides users that allows to control presentations in a natural way by their body gestures and voice commands. The authors propose a simple system that can be use to control presentation by using hand gestures and also by using Indonesian speech recognition. Our proposed system consist of gesture recognition with Kinect 3D skeletal data, and utilize Google Speech API to recognize Indonesian language as voice command. In this system we built applications to perform hand gestures and speech recognitions and utilize libraries to perform mouse and keyboard actions in presentation application. From the experiments, hand gestures application can process in realtime with the accuracy more than 90%, and for Indonesian language speech recognition gave accuracy almost 99% with average speed of recognition around 1 second.
Pneumothorax post-pacemaker implantation: the novelty of Heimlich valve

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A 58-year-old male was referred for management of symptomatic bradycardia. The implantation of a permanent pacemaker was complicated by a haemodynamically significant left-sided pneumothorax (Panel A). An 8 Fr–16 cm radiopaque catheter-drain (Pneumothorax Kit, Arrow, Teleflex Medical, Ireland) was inserted into the left pleural cavity (over-the-needle technique) through the fourth intercostal space at the anterior-axillary line. The procedure was performed under ultrasound guidance, and resulted in patient’s prompt clinical/haemodynamic improvement. The external end of the drain was connected to a Heimlich one-way valve (HV), through which air was expelled from the pleural space during expiration but was prevented from re-entering during the next inspiration. This drainage-system permitted the early ambulation of the patient (Panel B). A few hours later, air leakage (indicated by movement of the rubber tube of HV during exhalation/coughing) was not further detectable, and the left lung was totally re-expanded. The next morning,...
Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMP), a Major Responsible Downstream Signaling Molecule for Cellular Damage - A Review

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Matrix metalloproteinase (MMPs) family members are well known signaling molecules.MMPs are involved in tissue remodeling and are affiliated with several pathological, pharmacological and physiological processes.In addition, these also facilitate other downstream pathways such as cellular inflammation.However, members of this family are being investigated in several diseases as a clinical marker.These proteins are often found responsible in the development of various dysfunctions such as cardiovascular, kidney, liver, and nervous system disorder.Evidences also suggest that MMPs take part in organ rejections during organ transplantations.Besides, MMPs also trigger accumulation of unnecessary immune cells which further exacerbate the situation resulting in a drug therapy failure.Furthermore, many harmful downstream kinases are induced by MMPs signaling.Therefore, it has been an imperative issue to establish a noble and alternative drug therapy against MMPs family for ensuring safety against several lives threatening phenomenon.Thus this review will explain the molecular mechanism of MMP family members and few possible drug therapies modulating MMPs function.
Conformation of 1-Methyl-3,4-benzo-7-thia-2-azabicyclo[3.3.1]non-3-ene 7-Oxide

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The crystal and molecular structures of 1-methyl-3,4-benzo-7-thia-2-azabicyclo[3.3.1]non-3-ene 7-oxide have been determined on the basis of three-dimensional X-ray data. The six-membered thiane ring in this novel tricyclic system has been elucidated to adopt a chair-type conformation with an axial-axial aza-phenyl substituent and an equatorial sulfinyl group. The conformation in the solid state was consistent with that previously proposed by molecular mechanics calculations.
Determinants of Net Interstate Migration, 2000-2004

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The present study investigates the impact on net state in-migration over the 2000-2004 period of a variety of economic and non-economic factors. The empirical estimates indicate that the net state in-migration rate was an increasing function of median family income and the previous-period employment growth rate on the one hand and a decreasing function of the cost of living. In addition, net state in-migration was an increasing function of the warmer temperatures, while being a decreasing function of the presence of hazardous waste sites and pollution in the form of toxic chemical releases. Finally, net state in-migration was an increasing function of state plus local government spending per pupil on primary and secondary education and a decreasing function of the state individual income tax burden.
[Treatment results with isoglaucon eye drops in sympatheticotone patients with early appearing primary glaucoma (author's transl)].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The sympatholytic substance Clonidin (Isoglaucon) that lowers the intraocular pressure as well as the general blood pressure was tested on a small but homogenous group of patients. This group consisted of 11 middle aged male patients with wide angle glaucoma, elevated blood pressure and sympathicotonia. The intraocular pressure was well controlled in 9 of these, and sufficiently lowered in the remaining two. At the same time the general blood pressure was consistently lowered to some extent and the sympathicotonia improved.
Effects of atrial natriuretic polypeptide on rat hypothalamic neurones in vitro.

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

1. Extracellular recordings were made from 175 spontaneously active cells in the rat coronal hypothalamic slice preparation. Reconstruction of the recording sites showed that fifteen were in the supraoptic nucleus (s.o.n.), ten in the magnocellular portion of the paraventricular nucleus (p.v.n.) which could be antidromically activated by stimulation lateral to the nucleus, seventy‐seven other cells in the p.v.n. and seventy‐three in the anteroventral third ventricle (a.v.3.v.) region. 2. The mean firing rates (mean +/‐ S.E. of mean) of the spontaneously firing cells in the s.o.n., p.v.n. and a.v.3.v. were 2.8 +/‐ 0.4 spikes/s, 2.9 +/‐ 0.2 spikes/s and 5.0 +/‐ 0.4 spikes/s, respectively. Antidromically identified p.v.n. cells fired spontaneously with a mean firing rate of 1.5 +/‐ 0.5 spikes/s. 3. Bath application of atrial natriuretic polypeptide (a.n.p.; 10(‐7) M) had no effect on fifteen s.o.n. cells tested but nineteen (22%) of eighty‐seven p.v.n. cells (including two of the ten antidromically activated cells) and thirty (41%) of seventy‐three a.v.3.v. cells showed inhibitory responses. Three (3%) cells in the p.v.n. were excited by a.n.p. 4. The dose dependence of the response to a.n.p. was tested in two p.v.n. and five a.v.3.v. cells. As a.n.p. concentration increased, the firing rates of all seven cells generally decreased. However, one a.v.3.v. neurone was excited at low concentrations (less than 10(‐8) M) but inhibited at high concentrations (10(‐7) and 10(‐6) M) of a.n.p. The threshold concentration to evoke inhibitory responses in the p.v.n. was 10(‐10) M and in the a.v.3.v. was 10(‐11) M. 5. With the exception of the two antidromically activated p.v.n. cells, the inhibitory effect of a.n.p. still persisted after synaptic transmission had been suppressed with a low‐Ca2+ and high‐Mg2+ medium. 6. Thirty‐six cells in the a.v.3.v. were tested with both a.n.p. and angiotensin II applied at 10(‐7) M. Twelve showed inhibitory responses to a.n.p. and nine showed excitatory responses to angiotensin II. In other experiments, a.n.p., angiotensin II and arginine‐vasopressin were each applied to neurones in the p.v.n. Of the forty cells tested with all three peptides at 10(‐7) M, seven were inhibited by a.n.p., fourteen were excited by angiotensin II and twenty were excited by arginine‐vasopressin. No neurones in either the p.v.n. or a.v.3.v. were inhibited by a.n.p. and excited by angiotensin II, but four neurones in the p.v.n. were inhibited by a.n.p. and excited by arginine‐vasopressin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Experimental research in primary liver cancer treatment with ~(125)I seed brachytherapy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the effect of ~(125)I seed brachytherapy to BEL-7402 cell line and xenografts. METHODS: Proliferation of BEL-7402 cells was measured after ~(125)I seed brachytherapy by using MTT method; the effect of ~(125)I seed brachytherapy on cell cycle distribution and apoptosis was investigated by FCM; the antitumor efficacy of ~(125)I seed brachytherapy in mouse xenograft liver tumors was observed. RESULTS: The proliferation inhibition rates after ~(125)I seed brachytherapy for 48 h and 96 h were (16.72±3.23)% and (36.60±7.14)%, respectively. The distribution of cell cycle in G_0-G_1,S,G_2-M phase after ~(125)I seed brachytherapy for 48 h were (40.47±0.64 )%, (38.18±0.91)% and (21.35±0.65)%, while in the controller were (54.47±1.17)%, (35.83±0.41)% and (9.71±1.27)%, respectively. The apoptosis index after ~(125)I seed brachytherapy for 48 h was (7.31±1.41)%, while in the controller was (0.69±0.14)%。The volume inhibition rate of xenograft tumor in nude mice was 66.72% after ~(125)I seeds were implanted into tumors for 28 days. CONCLUSIONS: ~(125)I seed brachytherapy can inhibit proliferation of BEL-7402 cell line, change cell cycle distribution, cause G_2-M and S phase arrest, accelerate apoptosis and delay the growth of xenograft tumor in nude mice. ~(125)I seed brachytherapy may be used in the treatment of primary liver cancer.
Examining Spillover Effects From Teach For America Corps Members in Miami-Dade County Public Schools

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article examines Teach For America’s (TFA) placement strategy in Miami-Dade County Public Schools, in which large numbers of TFA corps members are placed as clusters into a targeted set of disadvantaged schools, to investigate whether the large-scale infusion of TFA corps members into these schools induced broader improvements across the school. Using 6 years of administrative data from the district, we exploit variation in TFA density over time within schools to measure the extent to which increases in density were associated with improvements in student test scores. We find that many of the schools chosen to participate in the cluster strategy experienced large subsequent gains in mathematics achievement. These gains were driven in part by the direct effect of having larger numbers of classrooms staffed by effective TFA teachers. However, we do not find any evidence that the clustering strategy led to any spillovers on schoolwide performance.
Beginning SAP R/3 Implementation at Geneva Pharmaceuticals

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Faced with intense competition in the generics drugs industry, eroding margins, and continuous price pressures, Geneva Pharmaceuticals, the North American subsidiary of Novartis International AG, made a bold, multi-million dollar decision to reengineer all its demand and supply processes using the SAP R/3 system. This case describes Geneva's journey through the first two of three phases of R/3 implementation from mid-1997 to mid-2000, and the company's plans for Phase III (scheduled for completion by late-2000). It highlights initial mistakes during this journey, strategies that helped overcome those mistakes, and how R/3 delivered operational efficiencies and competitive advantage under difficult business circumstances. As the case illustrates, ERP implementation is much more than technology change, it also incorporates substantive process and people changes; and without appropriate change management strategies and experienced leadership, ERP projects are likely to fail.
Natural history collections reveal species richness on a small isolated tropical island: the bats of Siberut

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract The paucity of biodiversity assessments in the Palaeotropics has constrained recommendations for tropical forest conservation in areas such as Siberut, one of the Mentawai Islands in Indonesia known for its high endemicity. Taking advantage of information from museum collections amassed from the Indo-Malaya archipelago from the early 20th century onwards, we show how species records available through online databases of natural history collections can be used to assess the state of biodiversity when used in conjunction with a field survey, using bat species on Siberut as a study case. We obtained a total of 15 years of records from 1903 to 2013 (following searches of databases up to 2020), documenting 20 bat species on Siberut. Of these, our field survey contributed records of three additional species not previously recorded on the island. The species accumulation curve has not levelled off, suggesting that future surveys may discover additional bat species and highlighting Siberut's importance as bat habitat and source of tropical biodiversity.
[Epidemics in nortthern Basque: black death and the Spanish influenza].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The paper studies the great epidemics that have affected Europe from the middle ages until the 20th century. A special emphasis is put on in the mortality of the Black Death in 1348 (500 per thousand), the smallpox in the 18th century (150 per thousand), the spotted fever in the end of the 18th century (50 per thousand), the cholera pandemic in the 19th century (25.5 - 62.7 per thousand), the tuberculosis in the end of the 19th century (5.3 per thousand) and the mortality that the Spanish influenza produced in the beginnings of the 20th century (12.1 per thousand) in the Basque Country.
Theoretical study of the thermochemistry of fluorosilanes (SiFn and SiHnFm) compounds and hexafluorodisilane

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTheoretical study of the thermochemistry of fluorosilanes (SiFn and SiHnFm) compounds and hexafluorodisilanePauline. Ho and Carl F. MeliusCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1990, 94, 12, 5120–5127Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100375a066https://doi.org/10.1021/j100375a066research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views279Altmetric-Citations157LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts