jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Importance of Clinical Data & Prevalence of Breast Tumors in South Punjab, Pakistan

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: In Western countries, middle-aged women are more vulnerable to breast cancer. Globally, almost a million new cases were identified in 1998. One in 12 women in England and Wales will get the disease at some point.1 Even 5,000 years after it was first reported, the etiology of breast cancer is still unclear, and effective preventative measures are even further off. Aim: To characterize the varied ways in which breast cancer has presented itself among patients at Bahawal Victoria Hospital in Bahawalpur. Methods: This investigation employed a descriptive case series research design. This research was conducted at Bahawal Victoria Hospital's Surgery Department in Bahawalpur (Pakistan). From March 13th, 2020 through March 12th, 2021, the study was conducted (12 months). With their assent, 100 women with definite cases of breast cancer were enrolled in the study. Results: Cancer of the breast most commonly affected women between the ages of 31 and 50 (59%). Seventy-six patients arrived from the outlying rural areas of Bahawalpur and the neighboring districts. Only 18 patients had completed high school after 10 years and 5 patients were discovered to be college graduates. The single rate was 12%, with 12 patients. Eighty-one percent of patients reported having a breast lump. 56% of breast cancers involve the left breast, while 43% involve the right. One patient alone had breast cancer that had spread to both of her breasts. Illness duration varied from 1 month to 5 years. Stage III was the most prevalent presentation, with 46 instances, and Stage IV was the least common, with 16 patients. Practical implication Community based effective awareness and prompt screening programme will improve better outcomes in breast cancer management. Conclusion: Breast cancer is very common cancer in the females, and most commonly it presented as a lump in the breast, because of some social aspects, lack of awareness, poverty, no proper screening programs and above all the fear of diagnosis, females try to hide this problem and often it presented at late and more advance stage. Keywords: Breast, Nipple, Cancer, Lump, Surgery, Tumor
Effect of Boiling and Roasting on the Nutrients, Phytochemical and Functional Properties of Red and Green Cultivars of D. Bulbifera Flours

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Two cultivars (green and red) of Dioscorea bulbifera were processed individually by boiling (100oC, 25 min) or roasting (175oC, 60 min) into flour. The processed and unprocessed samples were evaluated for nutrients, phytochemical and functional properties. The results revealed that the raw green cultivar had higher values (12.94, 8.19 and 3.06%) of moisture, protein, and ash, respectively than the red cultivar with 12.94, 8.19 and 3.06%, respectively. The red cultivar contains more fat (3.92%) and carbohydrate (75.05%) compared to the green cultivar with 3.20 and 69.16% values, respectively. The green cultivar contains more Mg and Zn contents (362.30 mg/100g and 1476.27 µg/100g, respectively) than the values (344.43 mg/100g and 1288.50 µg/100g, respectively) of the red cultivar. The phytochemicals; alkaloid, flavonoid, tannin, and diosgenin (3.27, 1.91, 0.29 and 176.42 mg/100g, respectively) were more in red cultivar than the green cultivar (3.06, 1.74, 0.26 and 162.24 mg/100g) while higher content of saponins (10.07 mg/100g) was observed in red cultivar than green cultivar (7.43 mg/100g). Boiling and roasting led to a reduction in Mg, Zn, vitamin C contents and all the proximate parameters in both cultivars except carbohydrates. The water absorption capacity, bulk density, swelling capacity of both treated cultivars increased, but roasting had a lower effect than boiling. Boiling and roasting reduced the alkaloid, tannin, flavonoid, saponin contents except diosgenin content of the two cultivars, with boiling inducing a greater effect than roasting.
Carnosine and related compounds protect the double-chain DNA from oxidative damages

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Carnosine and its derivatives in the concentrations corresponding to their level in excitable tissues have been shown to protect DNA from oxidative damages. Their efficiency (5 mM) was of the following order: ophidine > carnosine ≈ anserine > homocarnosine > N-acetylcarnosine. β-Alanine and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) did not have any capability for protection. The revealed effect can be one of the causes of oxidative stability of the brain and muscle tissue in vertebrate animals.
Localization of Electron Wave Functions in One‐Dimensional Disordered Systems

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Results are presented of numerical calculations of the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of one‐dimensional systems with diagonal and off‐diagonal disorder. Two possible definitions of the localization length are discussed. Using a formula of Thouless the quantity L exp ( E ) describing the exponential decay of a wave function far away from the localization centre is calculated for chains containing up to 400 lattice sites. The energy dependence of L exp for off‐diagonal disorder differs from that of the well‐known case of diagonal disorder. It is found that the wave functions of an infinite one‐dimensional system with statistically distributed hopping terms are extended at least over an half infinite part of the complete infinite system.
Relative Amplitude and Time Characteristics of Denasalized /m/, /n/, and /ng/ Consonants

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This investigation studied the effects of two forms of rhinological disorders on the relative amplitude and time characteristics of the /m/, /n/, and // phonemes. Results showed that the temporal characteristics and performance variability associated with the production of the nasal sounds were within normal limits for the denasal subjects, whereas relative amplitude changes occurring across the V nasal V waveforms were significantly greater for the denasal speakers. These results suggest that true stop/nasal articulatory substitutions do not actually occur in the speech of denasal speakers. Clinical implications are discussed.
Patients with type 2 diabetes and severe periodontitis harbor a less pathogenic subgingival biofilm than normoglycemic individuals with severe periodontitis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Whether, and to what extent, diabetes mellitus (DM) can affect the subgingival biofilm composition remains controversial. Thus, the aim of this study was to compare the composition of the subgingival microbiota of non‐diabetic and type 2 diabetic patients with periodontitis using 40 “biomarker bacterial species.” Methods Biofilm samples of shallow (probing depth [PD] and clinical attachment level [CAL] ≤3 mm without bleeding) and deep sites (PD and CAL ≥5 mm with bleeding) of patients with or without type 2 DM were evaluated for levels/proportions of 40 bacterial species by checkerboard DNA‐DNA hybridization. Results A total of 828 subgingival biofilm samples from 207 patients with periodontitis (118 normoglycemic and 89 with type 2 DM) were analyzed. The levels of most of the bacterial species evaluated were reduced in the diabetic compared with the normoglycemic group, both in shallow and in deep sites. The shallow and deep sites of patients with type 2 DM presented higher proportions of Actinomyces species, purple and green complexes, and lower proportions of red complex pathogens than those of normoglycemic patients ( P < 0.05). Conclusions Patients with type 2 DM have a less dysbiotic subgingival microbial profile than normoglycemic patients, including lower levels/proportions of pathogens and higher levels/proportions of host‐compatible species. Thus, type 2 diabetic patients seem to require less remarkable changes in biofilm composition than non‐diabetic patients to develop the same pattern of periodontitis.
Hybrid Noise Eliminating Algorithm for Radar Target Images Based on the Time-Frequency Domain

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The radar target imaging effect directly affects the resolution of the radar target, which affects the commander’s decision. However, the hybrid noise composed of speckle and Gaussian noise is one of the main affecting factors. The existing methods for image denoising are hard to eliminate the hybrid noise in radar images. Hence, this paper proposes a new hybrid noise elimination algorithm for the radar target image. Based on the strong correlation between wavelet coefficients, this algorithm first uses the wavelet coefficient correlation denoising algorithm (WCCDA) to filter the high-frequency information and high-frequency part of low-frequency information for different directions of the three channels of the image. Then, an improved adaptive median filtering algorithm (IAMF) is proposed to perform fine-grained filtering on each re-constructed channel. Finally, the radar target image is reconstructed. The results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms the comparison approaches in the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and mean-square error (MSE) indexes with better denoising effects.
Evaluation on Competitive Ability of Chemically Emasculated Hybrid Rice Youza 1 to Female Parent

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

According to the analysis about resistance to agression. competitive effect and synergistic effect of hy brid rice Youza 1 and its female parent Lemont, Youza I showed strong competitive ability over Lemont, resulted severe inhibition of tillering, panicle development of Lemont plants. It was demonstrated that there were no signifi cant differences of grain yields when the range of the hybrid seed purities were from 70% to over 90% because of the compensation function by super competitive capacity of Youza 1.
TRANSFER LEARNING FOR PREDICTIVE MAINTENANCE ACROSS HETEROGENEOUS MANUFACTURING SYSTEMS

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

With the advent of Industry 4.0, predictive maintenance (PdM) has become a major paradigm in ensuring that the machine faces minimum time under maintenance, risking fewer operational costs as well as a boost in the assets. Nevertheless, the implementation of efficient PdM applications in a wide range of the manufacturing settings is still a daunting task, as the heterogeneity of the considered systems, the variability of sensor setups, and the scarcity of labeled failure data are issues. The paper discusses how transfer learning (TL) can be used as an effective solution to the performance mismatch present in low-resource and problematic heterogeneous manufacturing systems. TL allows taking advantage of knowledge through data-rich source domain and imparting it to data-limited target domains, minimizing the reliance on mass labeled data and maximizing cross-platform model generalization. The study proposes a TL framework that utilizes deep learning methods to optimize cross-domain predictive maintenance that are optimized using techniques in fine-tuning, domain adaptation techniques, and transformations in features. The datasets used to perform experimental evaluations are provided by several industrial systems of different types of machines and operation patterns. The findings indicate a high level of accuracy in predicting the outcome, stability of the model and flexibility that is higher as compared to when using the traditional machine learning techniques, which are trained in isolation. The model TL suggested is capable of delivering good results in the case of limited labeled target data, therefore, being useful to small- and medium-sized manufacturers. Significant challenges associated with data heterogeneity and variability in a system have also been covered in this article involving the use of preprocessing approaches and domain-specific normalization procedures. Confusion matrices, bar charts, and pie charts are used to help determine model effectiveness as visualizations. Finally, the research also advances the industrial AI literature by proposing an efficient, generalizable, and scalable method of predictive maintenance. The results recommend the broader application of transfer learning to real-life manufacturing settings and provide notions of a potential future research, including the addition of federated learning and real-time data adaptation.
Serum CCL11 (eotaxin‐1) and CCL17 (TARC) are serological indicators of multiple helminth infections and are driven by Schistosoma mansoni infection in humans

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Objectives To evaluate systemic serum cytokine and chemokine markers for inflammation and Th1/Th2 responses in relation to multiple helminth infections, parasite burden and/or nutritional status of individuals. Methods In a longitudinal study, stool samples from 210 individuals from an area highly endemic for Ascaris lumbricoides , Necator americanus and Schistosoma mansoni were examined before and 12 months after clearance of parasites by chemotherapy. On both occasions, the presence of mono‐ or multiple infections and intensities of infection were compared with nutritional parameters and with serum cytokines or chemokines as markers for inflammatory, regulatory or Th1‐ or Th2‐type immune responses. Results Before treatment, we were not able to associate any altered nutritional parameters with increased inflammatory responses, and highest intensities of infection were found in eutrophic participants with multiple infections. In contrast, major changes in serum Th2‐type chemokine levels were measured in individuals infected with intestinal helminths and/or S. mansoni, and resulted in significantly higher CCL 11 and CCL 17 concentrations, both before treatment and after reinfection. Conclusions The driving force for these elevated type 2 serum chemokine concentrations was an S. mansoni infection and faecal egg counts significantly correlated with serum IL ‐10 concentrations.
Comparative studies on indication and effectiveness of reconstruction of through-and-through cheek defects using four flaps

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective:To analysis the indication and effectiveness of reconstruction of through-and-through cheek defects using folded double-skin paddle free forearm flap,rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap and anterolateral thigh flap and pedicle pectoralis major myocutaneous flap.Method:Fifteen cases with malignant tumors of oral and maxillofacial regions were reviewed from February 2002 to June 2010,and sizes of through-and-through cheek defects(including skin and mucosa) ranged from 32 cm2 to 76 cm2 after tumor resection.The defects were reconstructed with folded double-skin paddle free forearm flap in 3 cases,rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap in 4 cases and anterolateral thigh flap in 2 cases,and pedicle pectoralis major myocutaneous flap in 6 cases,choosing of the flaps according to age,sex and body type of the patients and position and size of defects.Data concerning functional impairment,aesthetic outcome and donor site morbidity were analyzed.Result:Fifteen cases were followed from 3 months to 7 years.In two cases,10 % or less of the skin paddle of pectoralis major myocutaneous flap exhibited necrosis,and the other 13 flaps survived completely.The contour and function of cheeks were restored well in all 15 cases.Conclusion:Forearm flap is thin and suitable for through-and-through tempora and pregena defect reconstruction,and rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap and pectoralis major myocutaneous flap are thick and good alternatives for through-and-through jowl and postgena defect reconstruction.Anterolateral thigh flap is an optimal choice for reconstruction of through-and-through cheek defect because of its versatility in size and thickness.
Classic vs superior mesenteric artery first approach in cephalic duodenopancreatectomy for pancreatic cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Surgery is the only curative treatment for head pancreatic cancer. The actual technique is the cephalic duodenopancreatectomy. Nowadays exist two different approaches for the pancreas resection, the classical technique also known as the Whipple intervention and the Superior Mesenteric Artery first approach. The SMA first approach remove more tissue from the surrounding area of the SMA and seems to be a more oncological technique. We are in need of a study that compares the survival without recurrences, the margins resection and the complications in both techniques to establish the approach with more benefits for the patients. Objective: The aim of this study is to measure the disease-free time comparing the two different surgical techniques for pancreatic cancer. We will also evaluate the margins affectation and the early complications in each technique. Design: A randomized, single-blinded, controlled clinical trial that will be performed in the Hospital Universitari Josep Trueta of Girona within the Hepatic-biliary-pancreatic unit, in the General Surgery Service, from January 2018 to June 2025. Methods: 92 patients with head pancreatic tumor will be recruited with a consecutive method. This patients will be randomly placed in one of the two treatment groups, either WT or SMAfa. T-Student test will be used for statistical analysis of the primary objective. A chi-square test will analyse the secondary objectives with a confidence interval of 95%
The Public Nuisance Paradigm: Changes in Mass Media Coverage of Political Protest since the 1960s

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study examined coverage of protests in five major newspapers in the United States between 1967 and 2007, and found that during that time period, protests were depicted as a nuisance. Such depictions are attributed to the rise of a “public nuisance” paradigm in coverage of protests, theorized to be linked to an increased conservatism in America, and driven by the notion that protests are a bothersome interruption of everyday activities, as well as ineffective and unpatriotic. Discussion of protests as nuisances increased substantially across time, and ideologically liberal protests were treated as nuisances more often than were conservative ones.
[Thrombotic lesions of the superior and inferior posterior cerebellar arteries].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The authors accomplished a clinico-anatomical analysis of 8 personal cases of a rare vascular brain pathology. In 1 case there was a thrombembolism in the basin of fine branches of the right upper cerebellar artery with a focus of softening in the right hemisphere of the cerebellum in 1 case--thrombosis of the right upper cerebellar artery with a focus of softening in the right cerebellar hemisphere, in 5 -- thrombosis of the left lower posterior cerebellar artery with localization of the focus of softening in the left cerebellar hemisphere. One case was with thrombosis of the same vessel with a focus of softening in the right cerebellar hemisphere in the side olive of medulla oblongata.
Implikasi Pendidikan Karakter Peserta Didik dalam Q.S Al Hujurat Ayat 1-5 Menurut Tafsir Ibnu Katsir

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Morals that hit some students in the country. One indicator of the crisis is due to the widespread coverage in the mass media related to impolite behavior by students in a number of educational institutions in the country, this issue shows that the practice of moral attitudes for students is very important in Islamic education. Therefore students must have good attitudes or morals towards educators, with a good attitude possessed by students and educators it is hoped that the goals of Islamic education can be achieved properly. As for the focus of the problem in this study is how the interaction of students with educators in Q.S al-Hujurat verses 1-5 and its realization in Islamic education. The approach used in this research is library research (literature study), namely deepening, studying and identifying existing knowledge in the literature (reference books or other research results) related to the discussion under study. In this discussion, the method used is the deductive method. From the results that the author shows, it shows that the morals of students and educators have a polite attitude as contained in the contents of Al-Hujurat verses 1-5, that is, students may not imitate while walking with educators, unless they ask permission, when we are Talking with educators, we are not justified in speaking loudly like talking to our neighbors, but in a voice that is soft and full of fear. The implication in Islamic education, the attitude that students should have in interacting with educators is to imitate what has been explained by Allah in Q.S al-Hujurat verses 1-5, so with this all the rules regarding politeness will be applied in Islamic education.
Anti-Invasive and Anti-Metastasis Effect of Norcantharidin on High-Metastatic Human Breast Cancer Cell Lines

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Objective To explore the inhibitory effect of norcantharidin (NCTD) on invasive and metastatic abilities of human breast cancer cell lines and its possible mechanisms.Methods Effects of norcantharidin among different human breast carcinoma cells migration was detected with wound-healing assay; its adhesion potential was tested with cell adhesion assay, and on invasive and migratory capacities were measured with Transwell matrigel invasion assay and Transwell motility assay, respectively.Expression of protein kinase C zeta(PKCζ) in breast tumour cells was detected by Western blotting.Results The in vitro invasion and migration ability of SKBR3 and MDA-MB 231 was higher than that of MCF-7 breast cancer cell line (P0.05).There was no difference between SKBR3 and MDA-MB 231 cell lines (P0.05).After treated with norcantharidin the invasion and motility ability of three breast cancer cell lines were obviously decreased(P0.05).However, the invasion and proliferation ability of MCF-7 cell line was still weaker than those of SKBR3 and MDA-MB 231 breast cancer cell lines (P0.05); and there was also no difference between the latter two cell lines (P0.05).Conclusion Norcantharidin can down regulate the cell migration and invasion ability in breast cancer lines.The possible anticancer mechanisms might be relate to the signal transduction pathways of PKCζ.The effect of norcantharidin and PKCζ inhibitor myristolated pseudosubstrate (PSζ) might be synergetic to inhibit the invasion and proliferation ability of human high metastatic breast cancer cells.
ChemInform Abstract: Thioimidate N‐Oxides: Nitrones of Thio Esters.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The N‐substituted thiohydroxamic acids (III) are prepared either from the thiono esters (II) and methylhydroxylamine (Ia) or from thiobenzoyl thioglycolic acid (IV) and the hydroxylamines (I).
Allowed and forbidden light in near-field optics II Interacting dipolar particles

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Near-field optical imaging mechanisms are investigated on an elementary level with the use of a coupled dipole formalism. Both optical probe and sample particles are considered as single dipolar cells. The sample particles are located on the surface of a layered substrate, and the optical probe is guided over the sample at constant height. The theory of the coupled dipole formalism with the use of Green's functions of a layered reference system is outlined, and asymptotic forms for far-field radiation are derived. Depending on the direction of observation, the recorded far-field radiation contains different information. It is shown that radiation emitted into the lower half-space at angles within the critical angle of total internal reflection (allowed light) provides reliable images that are only weakly correlated to the topography of the sample. Higher resolution is achieved with the radiation emitted at supercritical angles (forbidden light), but the high sensitivity to topographical variations makes image interpretation difficult. In order to image the optical properties of the sample, it is shown to be unfavorable to include the forbidden light in the optical signal.