jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Health impacts of takeaway management zones around schools in six different local authorities across England: a public health modelling study using PRIMEtime

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract

Background In England, the number of takeaway food outlets (‘takeaways’) has been increasing for over two decades. Takeaway management zones around schools are an effective way to restrict the growth of new takeaways but their impacts on population health have not been estimated. Methods To model the impact of takeaway management zones on health, we used estimates of change in and exposure to takeaway outlets (across home, work, and commuting buffers) based on a previous evaluation suggesting that 50% of new outlets were prevented from opening because of management zones. Based on previous cross-sectional findings, we used changes in takeaway exposure to estimate changes in BMI, from 2018 to 2040. Finally, we used PRIMEtime, a proportional multistate lifetable model, and BMI change to estimate the impact of the intervention, in a closed-cohort of adults (25–64 years), in terms of incidence of 12 non-communicable diseases, obesity prevalence, quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) and healthcare costs saved by 2040 in six selected local authorities across the rural-urban spectrum in England (Wandsworth, Manchester, Blackburn with Darwen, Sheffield, North Somerset, and Fenland). Results By 2031, compared to no intervention, reductions in outlet exposure ranged from 3 outlets/person in Fenland to 28 outlets/person in Manchester. This corresponded to per person reductions in BMI of 0.68 and 0.08 kg/m2, respectively. Relative to no intervention, obesity prevalence was estimated to be reduced in both sexes in all LAs, including by 2.3 percentage points (PP) (95% uncertainty interval:2.9PP, 1.7PP) to 1.5PP (95%UI:1.9PP, 1.1PP) in males living in Manchester and Wandsworth by 2040, respectively. Model estimates showed reductions in incidence of disease, including type II diabetes (eg: 964 (95%UI:1565, 870) fewer cases /100,000 population for males in Manchester)), cardiovascular diseases, asthma, certain cancers and low back pain. Savings in healthcare costs (millions(£)) ranged from £0.90 (95%UI: £1,23, £0.54) in Fenland to £5.44 (95%UI:£3.87, £7.45) in Manchester. Gains in QALYs/100,000 person were broadly similar across local authorities. Conclusions Takeaway management zones in England have the potential to meaningfully contribute towards reducing obesity prevalence and associated healthcare burden in the adult population, both at the local level and across the rural-urban spectrum.
Iceland: How Could This Happen?

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper reviews economic developments in Iceland following its financial collapse in 2008, focusing on causes and consequences of the crash. The review is presented in the context of the Nordic region, with broad comparisons also with developments elsewhere on the periphery of Europe, in Greece, Ireland, and Portugal. In some ways, however, Iceland resembles Italy, Japan, and Russia more than it resembles its Nordic neighbors or even Ireland. The paper also considers the uncertain prospects for reforms and restoration as well as the possible effects of the crash on social, human, and real capital and on long-run economic growth.
[Re-expansion pulmonary edema (RPE) during surgery for intraabdominal giant tumor].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A 50-year-old woman with massive ovarian cancer underwent a tumor resection and lymph node resection. Oxygenation was impaired preoperatively and chest X-ray film and computed tomogram revealed an elevation of the two diaphragms and atelectasis of the lower parts of the lungs. Induction of anesthesia was uneventful. During the surgery, oxygenation was improved after laparotomy but deteriorated again about 90 minutes after the tumor resection. Just before the termination of the surgery, we found bubbly sputum coming out from the tracheal tube. We had her chest X-ray taken and found bilateral consolidation of the lower parts of the lungs with air-bronchogram and loss of diaphragm profiles. The diagnosis of RPE was made and she was, transferred to ICU without extubation. Evacuation of pneumothorax or pleural effusion is the most common cause of RPE; but, removal of the intraabdominal mass would provide a good chance for RPE. Although, slow expansion of the collapsed lungs to prevent RPE is recommended, this consideration may not always be warranted.
Robust and scalable Bayesian analysis of spatial neural tuning function data

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

A common analytical problem in neuroscience is the interpretation of neural activity with respect to sensory input or behavioral output. This is typically achieved by regressing measured neural activity against known stimuli or behavioral variables to produce a "tuning function" for each neuron. Unfortunately, because this approach handles neurons individually, it cannot take advantage of simultaneous measurements from spatially adjacent neurons that often have similar tuning properties. On the other hand, sharing information between adjacent neurons can errantly degrade estimates of tuning functions across space if there are sharp discontinuities in tuning between nearby neurons. In this paper, we develop a computationally efficient block Gibbs sampler that effectively pools information between neurons to de-noise tuning function estimates while simultaneously preserving sharp discontinuities that might exist in the organization of tuning across space. This method is fully Bayesian and its computational cost per iteration scales sub-quadratically with total parameter dimensionality. We demonstrate the robustness and scalability of this approach by applying it to both real and synthetic datasets. In particular, an application to data from the spinal cord illustrates that the proposed methods can dramatically decrease the experimental time required to accurately estimate tuning functions.
Inactivation of glycogen synthase kinase-3β by phosphorylation: new kinase connections in insulin and growth-factor signalling

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The beta-isoform of glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3 beta) isolated from rabbit skeletal muscle was inactivated 90-95% following incubation with MgATP and either MAP kinase-activated protein kinase-1 (MAPKAP kinase-1, also termed RSK-2) or p70 S6 kinase (p70S6K), and re-activated with protein phosphatase 2A. MAPKAP kinase-1 and p70S6K phosphorylated the same tryptic peptide on GSK3 beta, and the site of phosphorylation was identified as the serine located nine residues from the N-terminus of the protein. The inhibitory effect of Ser-9 phosphorylation on GSK3 beta activity was observed with three substrates, (inhibitor-2, c-jun and a synthetic peptide), and also with glycogen synthase provided that 0.15 M KCl was added to the assays. The results suggest that Ser-9 phosphorylation underlies the reported inhibition of GSK3 beta by insulin and that GSK3 may represent a point of convergence of two major growth-factor-stimulated protein kinase cascades.
RE: CYTOKERATIN 20

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

No AccessJournal of UrologySociety of Urologic Oncology: Letters to the Editor1 Aug 1999RE: CYTOKERATIN 20A NEW MARKER FOR EARLY DETECTION OF BLADDER CELL CARCINOMA V. Buchumensky, A. Klein, R. Zemer, O.J. Kessler, S. Zimlichman, and I. Nissenkorn V. BuchumenskyV. Buchumensky More articles by this author , A. KleinA. Klein More articles by this author , R. ZemerR. Zemer More articles by this author , O.J. KesslerO.J. Kessler More articles by this author , S. ZimlichmanS. Zimlichman More articles by this author , and I. NissenkornI. Nissenkorn More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(05)68612-0AboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "RE: CYTOKERATIN 20." The Journal of Urology, 162(2), p. 502 References 1 : Author reply to expression of cytokeratin 20 in urinary cytology of patients with bladder carcinoma. Cancer1998; 83: 1052. Google Scholar © 1999 by American Urological Association, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 162Issue 2August 1999Page: 502 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 1999 by American Urological Association, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information V. Buchumensky More articles by this author A. Klein More articles by this author R. Zemer More articles by this author O.J. Kessler More articles by this author S. Zimlichman More articles by this author I. Nissenkorn More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Waste Management and Disposal of Cuttings and Drilling Fluid Waste Resulting from the Drilling and Completion of Wells to Produce Orinoco Very Heavy Oil in Eastern Venezuela

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract During the next decade and beyond, a large number of wells will be drilled in Eastern Venezuela in order to produce very heavy oil. Because of both the nature of the reservoir and the length of the horizontal section, water based drilling fluids will become contaminated with anywhere from 3–20% crude oil during the drilling process. The result will be the need for disposal of large quantities of oil contaminated water base mud and oil soaked cuttings. This paper discusses the options that are available for the disposal of the cuttings and focuses in particular on biological methods of cleaning the cuttings, including land farming and the use of composting biopiles. We also discuss the potential use and development of a mobile bioreactor that can be located on the drilling site. This reactor will contain the waste during the degradation process and maintain conditions that will result in virtually total degradation of the organic compounds with carbon dioxide and water being the main by-products.
HVDC, the next generation of transmission highlights with focus on extruded cable systems

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Our world carries an increasing burden of increasing CO2 emissions. Rather than rationing the use of electric power we should all together organize ourselves towards a positive solution that benefits growth and a sustainable society. A corner stone is the HVDC technology that makes it possible to transport sustainable energy to the regions of consumptions that are often far away from each other. Todaypsilas commercially available highest HVDC transmission voltage is 800 kV. This system makes use of classic converter stations. The newer HVDC light technology, VSC converters and extruded cable systems that are commercially available, are characterized today by a highest voltage of 320 kV and 1000-1200 MW of transmission power. This article describes the need for higher HVDC transmission powers, the general technology of the VSC converter stations and an in-depth description of HVDC technology with a focus on extruded cable systems.
Apigenin Naturally Occurring Flavonoids: Occurrence and Bioactivity

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The flavonoid, glycosides, alkaloids saponin, tannins etc represent an unusual group of structurally diverse secondary metabolites, derived from the convergence of multiple biosynthetic pathways that are widely distributed through the plant and animal kingdoms. Many of them have been discovered through bioassay-guided chemical investigations of traditional medicines, suggesting potential therapeutic significance. Apigenin is a flavonoid found in the medicinal plant and acts as source of pharmacological activities. Potential therapeutic indications are as diverse as cancer and viral infections, inflammation and immunomodulation, neurological and psychiatric conditions, and diabetes etc. In the view of their various pharmacological and biological actions, it seems to have great therapeutic potential.
Lateral Flow Immunoassay Strip Based on Confocal Raman Imaging for Ultrasensitive and Rapid Detection of COVID-19 and Bacterial Biomarkers

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Rapid and sensitive analysis of proteins in complex biological environments is crucial for the screening and defense against infectious diseases.Here, we show that the lateral flow immunoassay strip based on confocal Raman imaging can achieve immune analysis at pM and ∼ 10 4 cfu/mL molecular level for the rapid detection of COVID-19 virus and bacteria.Fluorescent dyes of Alexa 647 were used as Raman markers in the Raman silent region of 1800 cm -1 and 2800 cm -1 , and colloidal gold nanospheres were used to enhance the Raman signal.Raman imaging was performed with our self-developed confocal Raman microscopy for COVID-19 and Escherichia coli O157: H7 on lateral flow immunoassay strip.Compared to traditional colloidal gold test strips, the sensitivity of this technology has been significantly improved.This work will promote the widespread application of surface enhanced Raman detection for bacteria and virus, which is of great significance for in vitro screening and disease diagnosis.
The epidemiological relevance of trypanosome strain variation.

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

The study of strain variation in T.b. rhodesiense has yielded a lot of information which suggests that these trypanosomes are a sub-set of the stocks circulating in tsetse and non human hosts and that each focus constitutes a separate set of human infective stocks. These conclusions remain to be fully established by extensive studies in specific foci. Whether the maintenance of these foci or the expansion of them into epidemics is dependent on variation in the trypanosoma stocks generated by mutation or genetic exchange is unanswered. In order to examine such questions, detailed long-term studies using large numbers of isolates are needed. The analysis of strain variation using existing methods requires considerable manpower and equipment and suffers from the need for growth of trypanosomes in laboratory animals with resultant selection of the stocks under study. The question of whether strain variation in T.b. rhodesiense is epidemiologically relevant remains unanswered, variation certainly occurs but the existing studies are not able to answer this question. It is possible that this question could be answered by detailed studies in two or more foci over a long period using new reagents for the detection of variation (e.g. monoclonal antibodies), large trypanosome stock collections and the measurement of parameters such as virulence, tsetse transmissibility etc.
Material Based Design Computation

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The paper unfolds the association between geometry and material behaviour, specifically the elastic properties of resin impregnated latex membranes, by means of homogenizing protocols which translate physical properties into geometrical functions.Resinimpregnation patterns are applied to 2D pre-stretched form-active tension systems to induce 3D curvature upon release.This method enables form-finding based on material properties, organization and behaviour.A digital tool developed in the Processing environment demonstrates the simulation of material behaviour and its prediction under specific environmental conditions.Finally, conclusions are drawn from the physical and digital explorations which redefine generative material-based design computation, supporting a synergetic approach to design integrating form, material and environment.
The Role of Discrete Emotions in Predicting Counterproductive Work Behavior

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The current study investigates how discrete negative emotions are related to specific facets of counterproductive work behaviors (CWB). The sample consisted of 241 employees who reported their frequency of experiencing negative emotions and their frequency of committing CWBs in the workplace. For 103 employees, supervisor reports of employee CWB were also obtained. The findings provide evidence that a wide range of negative emotions are related to most of the sub facets of CWB. There was also some evidence that supervisor reports differ systematically from employee reports of CWB. The theoretical, methodological, and organizational implications are discussed.
the Influence of Digital Empowerment of Service Robot on Customer Value Co-creation Behavior

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

In the post-epidemic era, the digital transformation of offline stores is accelerating, and the application of new technologies promotes the customer value co-creation behavior to present new characteristics. Based on the service characteristics of offline stores, digital empowerment theory and value co-creation theory, this paper explores the influence mechanism of digital capability on customer value co-creation behavior. The empirical results show that connectivity capability has a positive impact on product service, a negative impact on perceived intrusiveness, and intelligence capability has a positive impact on product service. Product service has a positive impact on customer participation behavior and customer citizenship behavior, while perceived intrusiveness has a negative impact on them. Value co-creation elements play an important intermediary role in the relationship between digital capability and customer value co-creation behavior. When introducing technologies such as service robots, offline stores undergoing digital transformation should make proper choices, give full play to their positive role in product service, use them to reduce the perceived intrusiveness of customers, create a more harmonious and comfortable experience environment, and then stimulate customers' participation behavior and citizenship behavior.
Gastric Cancer Surgery. How Significant is the Progress?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In 1971 Richard Nixon declared war on cancer.It's interesting to note that military terms are often used in oncology: treatments are "aggressive", there are therapeutic "strategies", receptor's "blockade", or "treatment lines" and chemotherapy drugs "attack" cancer.Well, Nixon's commitment to "defeating cancer" could not be honored.Moreover, still using military terms, we have to quote journalist Sharon Begley: "We fought cancer ... and cancer won" (1).Is her skepticism exaggerated?What is the actual situation in the field of gastric adenocarcinoma treatment, an area where enormous amounts of money have been invested, great progress has been made in understanding tumor biology, and crucial therapeutic successes are claimed, like chemotherapy, minimally invasive surgery, lymphadenectomy and many others?Are they just illusions, forms of marketing,or have they really brought a benefit in survival rates and quality of life for real patients, not just for those in clinical trials?Obviously, D2 lymphadenectomy, following the Japanese model (with some nuances regarding the preservation of spleen and pancreatic tail), was internationally adopted.After a period of hesitation, due mostly to European studies showing a higher rate of complications for D2 lymphadenectomy -albeit with some design problems,this surgical technique started being considered safe worldwide in 2006 (2).D2 lymphadenectomy is widely used in surgical practice in Romania as well (3-5).There is no consensus on the minimum number of nodes to be dissected: 15, 20, 29 or more than 30 (6)?But we already know that it is preferable for an accurate assessment, to dissect the lymph nodes "ex vivo", on the fresh resection specimen, immediately after surgery (7).Generally speaking, we agree with the Japanese authors: "Dissect as many lymph nodes as possible and you will be rewarded" (8).
Pediatric Urogynecology

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The most common urogynecological disorders prompting childhood evaluation focus on the problems of urinary continence and urinary tract infections, introital abnormalities, and disorders related to congenital developmental anomalies of female genital structures. These conditions are often best managed by a multidisciplinary team, including providers with training in issues related to complex congenital anomalies, and from disciplines including pediatric and adult urology, urogynecology, pediatric surgery, genetics, endocrinology, pediatric primary care, psychiatry, and psychology. As congenital abnormalities result from abnormal embryogenesis, it is appropriate to begin with a brief overview of normal female embryology. Vaginal masses in infants and young girls are generally referred to as interlabial masses. The tubular Skene's glands arise from the urethral epithelium and are the counterparts to the male prostate gland. Rhabdomyosarcoma of the vagina and bladder most commonly presents with vaginal bleeding and a palpable cervical or vaginal mass.
The Implementation of the POPMAR (Policy, Organising, Planning and Implementing, Measuring Performance, Audit and Reviewing) Model in Occupational Health and Safety Risk Management in an Indonesian Batik Company

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Introduction: In 2009, UNESCO declared Batik Indonesia as an Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity. This study examines the occupational health and safety hazards and risks that arise in a Batik company based on a case example of a Batik company in Surakarta, Indonesia. In Indonesia, Batik is categorized as traditional attire. Two kinds of Batik are produced - Batik tulis (traditionally handcrafted) and Batik printing, which uses specific printing tools. The UK Health Safety Executive (HSE) risk assessment framework is referred to in this study, which consists of: hazard identification, population exposure, risk evaluation, precaution development, recording findings, and regular appraisal of systems. Methods: Both observation and interviews (of workers) at the Batik company were utilized for this study as well as an independent risk assessment. Results: The findings highlighted physical, ergonomic, chemical, mechanical, and biological hazards, originating from the materials, tools, and working methods utilized in the batik production. Conclusion: Many of the issues highlighted by this study can be addressed via in-depth risk assessment, using the POPMAR model to frame the activities. This approach can create a positive pathway, leading to a continuous cycle of improvement which puts the workers’ health at the forefront of the business activities.Keywords: Batik, workers, hazard identification, HSE Model, risk management
A Method for Automatically Locating Defects in CCTV Inspection Data of Sewer Pipes

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Identifying and locating sewer defects is crucial for minimizing the risk of sewer-related accidents. Currently, spatial localization of sewer defects in closed circuit television (CCTV) inspection data is primarily performed through manual visual inspections by professional technicians, which is time-consuming and costly. Consequently, there is an urgent need to develop automated solutions. This study proposes an innovative method for automatic defect location, which involves defect tracking based on rules, calculating the distance of the defect relative to the pipe endpoint, and converting this distance into physical world coordinates. Following experimental validation, the multiple object tracking accuracy (MOTA) metric of defect tracking within the proposed method ranged from -1.46 to 0.89 across ten test videos. The proposed method can be easily integrated into practical engineering applications, thereby alleviating the workload of professional technicians in obtaining the geographic locations of sewer defects in CCTV inspection data and reducing both time and labor costs associated with this process.