jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Effect of the Rootstock on Certain Fruit Characters of the Chironja

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Chironja trees grafted on native grapefruit, sour orange, and Cleopatra mandarine rootstock were planted on Alonso clay and Coto clay at Adjuntas and Isabela Substations, respectively. Only native grapefruit and sour orange rootstocks were compared at Isabela. The experiments were conducted for the purpose of determining the possible effect of the three rootstocks on fruit weight, peel weight, number of seeds and segments (carpels) per fruit, and refractometer readings of the fruit (Brix) harvested from the grafted chironja trees. The most important results obtained were: Trees at Adjuntas grafted on grapefruit rootstock yielded heavier chironja fruits in 1962 and 1963, and a heavier peel in 1963, than those grafted on sour orange or Cleopatra mandarine rootstocks. In 1962, peel weights of chironja fruits from trees grafted on sour orange exceeded those obtained from trees grafted on mandarine rootstock. Fruits from chironja trees at the Isabela experiment grafted on sour orange rootstock had a significantly higher Brix than those from trees grafted on grapefruit rootstock, but no significant differences occurred among the other characters studied. No significant differences were found between chironja fruits from trees grafted on any of the three rootstocks as far as number of seeds and segments (carpels) per fruit, suggesting that rootstock species does not affect these characters. These studies suggest in general that the fruit from chironja trees grafted on grapefruit rootstock is larger, but less sweet, than fruit from trees grafted on either sour orange or Cleopatra mandarine rootstocks.
Continuing professional development: A survey of Irish staff grade physiotherapists

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Continuing professional development (CPD) in physiotherapy incorporates a broad range of activities that provides personal and professional development. There is a responsibility on both the individual and workplace to ensure that the employee is up to date and competent. A questionnaire survey of staff grade physiotherapists in five acute hospitals was conducted to determine the current CPD activities they were undertaking and their perceived CPD needs. Seventy one physiotherapists completed the questionnaire. Respondents were asked to prioritize CPD activities and the top five activities identified were: clinical supervision, intensive clinical training, in-service education, short courses and performance appraisal. The effective components and perceived benefit of these activities are presented and discussed. The results of this survey can be used to develop a CPD framework in the workplace.
Promoting Discourse and Argumentation in Mathematics Classroom Interaction as a Challenge for Pre-Service Teachers – Vignette-Based Learning Opportunities as a Possible Solution Pathway

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

When it comes to noticing and analysing potential springboards into rich discourse and argumentation in interaction processes in the mathematics classroom, pre-service teachers can be expected to encounter challenges. However, such noticing and analysing is a key for teachers when they have to support a culture of mathematics-related discourse and argumentation in their classrooms. Vignette-based learning opportunities can be a solution in this context: pre-service teachers can reflect on representations of classroom situations, so that their progress in analysing the discourse and argumentation potential of teacher reactions can be monitored and corresponding learning opportunities can be provided. We present specific developments of classroom cartoon vignettes. The vignettes are implemented using the digital DIVER tool, which has been developed in the project coReflect@maths (www.coreflect.eu).
In Vitro Pepsin Digestion Characteristics of Silver Carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) Surimi Gels with Different Degrees of Cross-Linking Induced by Setting Time and Microbial Transglutaminase

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Surimi gels are favored for their abundant proteins and unique taste. In this study, the pepsin digestion behaviors of surimi gels with different degrees of cross-linking induced by microbial transglutaminase (MTGase) and different setting times were investigated. For gels without (CK group) and with (TG group) MTGase, the slowest digestion rate (tM/2 = 20.13 and 79.19 min for CK and TG group, respectively), the least amino acid concentration (5.32 and 3.73 μmol/mL for CK and TG group, respectively), and the peptide amounts (1355 and 1788 for CK and TG group, respectively) were obtained at a moderate setting time (1-4 h) with the finest microstructure. However, the excessive setting time (8-12 h) formed an inhomogenous network, which accelerated the hydrolysis of gel proteins (tM/2 = 9.40 and 52.33 min for CK and TG group, respectively) and produced more amino acids (6.63 and 5.15 μmol/mL for CK and TG group, respectively) and peptide amounts (1644 and 2143 for CK and TG group, respectively). The above results also demonstrated that the presence of MTGase strengthened the compactness of gels as well as slowed down the digestion process with the release of less amino acids but more peptides. A large proportion of unique peptides were from the tail domain of myosin heavy chain. The discrepancy in bioactive peptides between different gels might be reduced in the subsequent intestinal digestion according to the in silico methods, demonstrating the diminished difference in the gastrointestinal digestion process in the aspect of releasing functional peptides. This study provides the theoretical basis and guideline in the field of gelation food digestion and surimi food industry to produce healthier surimi-based food.
Review of Siding Materials for Turnkey Procurement of Army Family Housing.

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Rapid changes in the siding materials industry have dated Army specifications for turnkey procurement of siding to be used on family housing. This investigation surveyed state-of-the-art sidings for information that would help update the specifications. Aluminum, steel, hardboard, and vinyl siding materials were evaluated based on (1) manufacturer's claims for performance and warranty and (2) field inspection of the different types in use. Despite the study's limited scope, some recommendations can be made to amend the current procurement procedures. For example: (1) a factory prefinished siding with a 15-year nonprorated warranty should be specified; (2) flexibility in material types should allow local selection for optimal performance in different geographic locations and to complement existing architecture; and (3) sidings should be installed in strict accordance with the manufacturer's instructions to preserve the warranty. (Author)
Characterization of globulin from Phaseolus angularis (red bean)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Phaseolus angularis (red bean) seeds contain about 25% protein (dry basis), almost half of which is globulin. Similar to globulins from other Phaseolus species, 7S vicilin is the major fraction of red bean globulin (RBG), with 11S legumin as a minor component. The amino acid profile of RBG met or exceeded the FAO/WHO standard. Circular dichroism measurements indicate that RBG is a protein rich in α-helical and β-turn structures. RBG exhibited higher protein solubility than Supro 610, a commercial soy protein isolate, especially at acidic pHs, with minimal solubility at around pH 5.0. Compared to Supro 610, RBG had lower water hydration capacity and comparable fat binding capacity, which might be because of its lower surface hydrophobicity. RBG had higher emulsifying activity index and emulsion stability than Supro 610, but with poorer foaming properties.
Development of a DNAzyme-Driven Fluorescent Light-Up Aptasensor for Label-Free Detection of Multiple lncRNAs

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) act as the dynamic regulatory molecules that control the expression of genes and affect numerous biological processes, and their dysregulation is associated with tumor progression. Herein, we develop a fluorescent light-up aptasensor to simultaneously measure multiple lncRNAs in living cells and breast tissue samples based on the DNAzyme-mediated cleavage reaction and transcription-driven synthesis of light-up aptamers. When target lncRNAs are present, they can be recognized by template probes to form the active DNAzyme structures, initiating the T4 PNK-catalyzed dephosphorylation-triggered extension reaction to generate double-strand DNAs with the T7 promoter sequences. The corresponding T7 promoters can initiate the transcription amplification catalyzed by the T7 RNA polymerase to generate abundant Broccoli aptamers and malachite green aptamers, which can bind DFHBI-1T and MG to generate strong fluorescence signals. Taking advantage of the good selectivity of DNAzyme-mediated cleavage of lncRNAs, high amplification efficiency of T7 transcription-driven amplification reaction, and bright fluorescence of the RNA aptamer-fluorophore complex, this method exhibits high sensitivity with a detection limit of 21.4 aM for lncRNA HOTAIR and 18.47 aM for lncRNA MALAT1, and it can accurately measure multiple lncRNAs in both tumor cell lines and breast tissue samples, providing a powerful paradigm for biomedical research and early clinic diagnostics.
Folate Biosynthesis in Higher Plants. cDNA Cloning, Heterologous Expression, and Characterization of Dihydroneopterin Aldolases

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Dihydroneopterin aldolase (EC 4.1.2.25) is one of the enzymes of folate synthesis that remains to be cloned and characterized from plants. This enzyme catalyzes conversion of 7,8-dihydroneopterin (DHN) to 6-hydroxymethyl-7,8-dihydropterin, and is encoded by the folB gene in Escherichia coli. The E. coli FolB protein also mediates epimerization of DHN to 7,8-dihydromonapterin. Searches of the Arabidopsis genome detected three genes encoding substantially diverged FolB homologs (AtFolB1–3, sharing 57%–73% identity), for which cDNAs were isolated. A fourth cDNA specifying a FolB-like protein (LeFolB1) was obtained from tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) by reverse transcription-PCR. When overproduced in E. coli, recombinant AtFolB1, AtFolB2, and LeFolB1 proteins all had both dihydroneopterin aldolase and epimerase activities, and carried out the aldol cleavage reaction on the epimerization product, 7,8-dihydromonapterin, as well as on DHN. AtFolB3, however, could not be expressed in active form. Size exclusion chromatography indicated that the plant enzyme is an octamer, like the bacterial enzyme. Quantifying expression of the Arabidopsis genes by real-time reverse transcription-PCR showed that AtFolB1 and AtFolB2 messages occur at low levels throughout the plant, whereas the AtFolB3 mRNA was detected only in siliques and only with an extremely low abundance. Sequence comparisons and phylogenetic analysis of FolB homologs from 16 plants indicated that their N-terminal regions are highly variable, and that most species have a small number of FolB genes that diverged after separation of the lineages leading to families. The substantial divergence of FolB homologs in Arabidopsis and other plants suggests that some of them may act on substrates other than DHN.
Investigation of effects of 60-Hz electric and magnetic fields on operant and social behavior and on the neuroendocrine system of nonhuman primates

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

A cohort of sixteen male baboons were assigned to electric and magnetic field (E/MF) exposure and sham-exposure. The social behavior subjects were simultaneously exposed to 60 Hz E/MF. Ten behavioral categories were measured. Each behavioral category was comprised of multiple molecular behaviors that could be objectively identified and counted. Six of the behavior categories were social'', in that interactions between subjected were involved. The remaining four were non-social'' and pertained to individual behaviors such as movements or postural stances.
Ala244Val Is a Common, Probably Ancient Mutation Causing Factor VII Deficiency in Moroccan and Iranian Jews

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Summary We investigated the molecular basis for factor VII (FVII) deficiency in Israel and found that 13 patients were homozygous and 10 heterozygous for a C to T substitution at nucleotide 10648 of the FVII gene. This predicted an Ala244Val change and was associated with decreased FVII activity and antigen level. Of the 36 Ala244Val positive alleles, 20 were observed in patients of Moroccan origin, 10 in Iranian-Jewish patients and 6 in patients of other origins. A computer model of the serine protease domain of FVII suggested that the Ala244Val substitution may cause distortion of the entire protein structure. Intragenic polymorphic sites analyses disclosed a founder effect for the Moroccan and Iranian-Jewish patients. A survey of the Ala244Val mutation revealed an allele frequency of 1:42.5 in Moroccan Jews and 1:40 in Iranian Jews. As Moroccan Jews have been separated from Iranian Jews for more than two millennia, the data suggest that the Ala244Val mutation occurred in ancient times.
Are big four audits in ASEAN countries of higher quality than non-big four audits?

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

We investigate whether reputation concerns provides sufficient incentive for Big Four auditors to provide higher quality audits in ASEAN (Association of South East Asian Nations) countries where litigation exposure is low or nonexistent. We proxy audit quality based on the quality of reported earnings (earnings conservatism) to examine whether Big Four auditors provided higher quality audits (relative to non-big Four auditors) during 1990-96. To neutralize the potential confounding effects of cross-border differences, we investigate the relative quality of Big Four vs. non-Big Four audits within each country separately so that each country serves as its own control. Our results suggest that although both Big Four and non-Big Four auditees report conservative earnings in all countries, only in the US do Big Four auditees report more conservative earnings than non-Big Four auditees. Thus, although the World Bank and UNCTAD (1999) did not express concerns about Big Four audit quality in emerging markets until 1999, the evidence suggests that the Big Four were not providing higher quality audits in ASEAN countries even prior to the 1997 Asian financial crisis. Our findings are interesting in the context of the ongoing globalization of capital markets in which cross-border investors in emerging markets, separated from corporate management not only geographically but oftentimes culturally and linguistically, are presumed to rely on a brand name Big Four audit to provide enhanced assurance on financial statements.
The Purification and Properties of Ribonucleic Acid from Wheat Germ*

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Purification and Properties of Ribonucleic Acid from Wheat Germ*Dohn G. Glitz and Charles A. DekkerCite this: Biochemistry 1963, 2, 6, 1185–1192Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1963https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00906a002https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00906a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views175Altmetric-Citations42LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Sexual health promotion messages for young people in Netflix most-watched series content (2015–2020): mixed-methods analysis study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Introduction Sexual health is a major issue for young people, and there is a need to promote it. Sexual health promotion messages may be included in Netflix series that are widely watched by young people, with important emotional dimensions in scenarios. Objective The aim of this study is to investigate the explicit sexual health promotion messages integrated in Netflix series popular among young people, and to describe them and how they are delivered. Methods We selected two types of Netflix series, aimed at young people: (1) series whose synopsis is mainly about sexual health and (2) all-subject series. We extracted data from 65 episodes of 6 of the most-watched Netflix series. We used a data extraction grid on EpiData. We analysed sexual health themes and sexual health promotion messages. We described the series and listed all the sexual health and other health themes discussed. For each promotion message, we described scene contents and extracted dialogues. Results We found 62 promotion messages in the 6 analysed series. The two series that highlight sexual health in their synopsis account for 81% (n=50/62) of these identified promotion messages. Messages mainly focus on sexual harassment and violence (19%), on sexually transmitted infections protection (18%) and on contraception (15%). Messages are mainly delivered as verbal information, and mostly feature 16–18 years old characters in school. Analysis highlighted four main points concerning scenarios in these series: (1) there are different ways to deliver sexual health promotion messages; (2) there is depiction of negative value judgements and gender norms; (3) some information may be incomplete or misleading and (4) risky behaviours are represented. Conclusion Netflix series incorporate diverse sexual health promotion messages for young people. Further research could assess how these messages are perceived and whether they increase the knowledge, skills and positive health behaviours of young people.
RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Prevalence of genetic differences in

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Background: Although non-typeable (NT) Haemophilus influenzae and Haemophilus haemolyticus are closely related human commensals, H. haemolyticus is non-pathogenic while NT H. influenzae is an important cause of respiratory tract infections. Phase-variable phosphorylcholine (ChoP) modification of lipooligosaccharide (LOS) is a NT H. influenzae virulence factor that, paradoxically, may also promote complement activation by binding C-reactive protein (CRP). CRP is known to bind more to ChoP positioned distally than proximally in LOS, and the position of ChoP within LOS is dictated by specific licD alleles (designated here as licDI, licDIII, and licDIV) that are present in a lic1 locus. The lic1 locus contains the licA-licD genes, and ChoP-host interactions may also be influenced by a second lic1 locus that allows for dual ChoP substitutions in the same strain, or by the number of licA gene tetranucleotide repeats (5’-CAAT-3’) that reflect phase-variation mutation rates. Results: Using dot-blot hybridization, 92 % of 88 NT H. influenzae and 42.6 % of 109 H. haemolyticus strains possessed a lic1 locus. Eight percent of NT H. influenzae and none of the H. haemolyticus strains possessed dual copies of lic1. The licDIII and licDIV gene alleles were distributed similarly (18-22%) among the NT H. influenzae and H. haemolyticus strains while licDI alleles were present in 45.5 % of NT H. influenzae but in less than 1 % of H. haemolyticus strains (P &lt;.0001). NT H. influenzae had an average of 26.8 tetranucleotide repeats in licA compared
Material flow observation for dissimilar friction stir welding of aluminum alloy and steel by X-ray CT method

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Dissimilar friction stir welding of aluminum alloy and steel is attractive method to fabricate light structure for transportation vehicle. The welding conditions, such as heat input (tool rotation speed and welding speed) and welding tool shape influence on the weld material and the material flow during welding. Control of material flow is important for fabrication of sound weld without defect. Thus, the material flow in the weld was investigated by using X-ray CT technique after welding. Chip of steel from weld interface was used as marker material for 3D visualization of material flow in aluminum alloy. From the observation, the heat input and probe shape affected on the material flow and formation of weld defect. Screw probe effectively stirred aluminum, induced downward and circumferential material flow around the probe and fabricated defect free weld with high weld strength.
Investigation of Local Cuisine Culture in Turkey by Regions and The Importance in Rural Tourism

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

All the civilizations and the community that have occurred since ancient times have made food according to their location and climate conditions and developed these dishes according to diversity offered by nature. In creating this food, immigration, war, religion and beliefs, climate and geography of the regions, variety of plant and animal species seemed to be the most important factors, wedding, border, the opening of trade routes also are emerging as factors affecting it. Thus formed the culinary cultures of regional and even local “cuisine” is remarkable that occurred then. Gastronomy is the harmony of science and art in food and drinking and its considered to be an effective way of country/region/local introductions. Today the most touristic countries feature their local cusines besides the other opportunities as an important tool. But on the other hand, evaluation of the culinary culture in tourism can not be evaluated adequately. In this study; the local wide and well-established culinary culture is investigated according to regions of Turkey with their historical baseline and create the awareness of this wealth for rural tourism, the development of sustainable gastronomy.
An Overview of Integrated Management of Leaf-Cutting Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Brazilian Forest Plantations

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Brazilian forest producers have developed integrated management programs to increase the effectiveness of the control of leaf-cutting ants of the genera Atta and Acromyrmex. These measures reduced the costs and quantity of insecticides used in the plantations. Such integrated management programs are based on monitoring the ant nests, as well as the need and timing of the control methods. Chemical control employing baits is the most commonly used method, however, biological, mechanical and cultural control methods, besides plant resistance, can reduce the quantity of chemicals applied in the plantations.