jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
New Reagents For Fluoroalkylchalcogenations : applications To Hot Chemistry

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

During the last years a lot of progress has been done in the fluorine field. Various groups contributed by developing methodologies or fluorinated reagents that find a wide use nowadays within the scientific community. Among them, we were concentrated in exploiting the association of fluorine with heteroatoms. Such an interest is totally comprehensible considering the changes that fluorine is able to organic compounds. Fluorine is well known for increasing the lipophilicity of the compounds bearing it and one of the most lipophilic motifs is the SCF3 motif. During the last years we have developed three bench-stable trifluoromethylthiolating reagents that were used in synthetic chemistry from us and other groups as well. Starting from the results obtained in this field, recently we expanded our interest towards the development of reagents that act as fluoroalkylthiolating compounds in electrophilic reactions. Thus, two reagents bearing a SCF2FG (FG= functional group) motif were developed and successfully used in SEAr reactions. Thus, such reagents not only opened the way to access various new fluoroalkylthiolated molecules, but also the obtained compounds could be post-functionalized.In this dissertation we also studied the association of fluorine with another chalcogen, Selenium. Fluoroalkylselenolated compounds are less studied respect to the thiolated analogs. Herein, we report a new one-pot strategy to access various trifluoromethylsalenolated compounds through in situ formation of F3CSeCl starting from the easy-to-handle pre-reagent trifluoromethyl benzyl selenide. Also analogs and homologs of the reagent were synthesized and successfully used in reactions leading RCF2Se-addcuts. Some of the synthesized adducts were also used as starting materials innucleophilic 18F-labeling reactions. Thus we accessed for the first time [18F]F3CSe molecules opening the way to selenium in 18F radiolabeling
Indoor Multihuman Device-Free Tracking System Using Multiradar Cooperative Sensing

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Robust human tracking in indoor environments is an important feature of location-based service applications, including security surveillance, elderly monitoring, and so on. Yet, the advanced technology offered by camera-based device-free tracking systems can raise privacy concerns. To address this problem, we propose a low-cost, low-power, device-free human tracking system based on millimeter-wave (mmWave) radar that can provide rich ranging and radial velocity information. In order to achieve continuous tracking, we propose a multiradar cooperative sensing scheme; with the help of the double segmentation method, we overcome the user proximity problem that prevents multiple humans from being recognized using point cloud location information. Finally, we propose a tracking and trajectory optimization algorithm that considers both spatial information and probability distribution of moving direction to output human trajectory. Experimental results show that the proposed human tracking system provides a single-human tracking error of 8.5 cm and a multihuman tracking error of nearly 10 cm.
The hepoxilin analog, PBT-3, inhibits growth of K-562 CML solid tumours in vivo in nude mice.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

PBT-3 is one of a family of stable chemical analogs of the hepoxilins, products derived from arachidonic acid. We previously showed that PBT-3 caused apoptosis in the chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) cell line K-562 in vitro (Anti-cancer Res 23: 3617-3622, 2003). It was as effective as Gleevec, a novel agent that blocks tyrosine kinase activity during treatment of CML. We describe, herein, the growth inhibiting effects of PBT-3 in nude mice into which K-562 cells were transplanted subcutaneously. Groups of mice were treated with vehicle as control, or PBT-3, or Gleevec. PBT-3 was effective during the 8-day treatment protocol in inhibiting the growth of the tumours in vivo as was Gleevec. Analysis of the tumours demonstrated the presence of apoptosis (DNA laddering and TUNEL assay) in both the PBT-3- and Gleevec-treated groups. These results demonstrate that PBT-3 is effective in vivo in controlling tumour growth and provides a novel platform for the therapeutic control of cancer.
Development of epoxy resin composites with high thermal conductivity

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

High-performance central processing units (CPUs) and power devices such as IGBTs have high electrical power dissipation, which causes substantial heating. As a result, efficient cooling is essential for insulating materials within such devices. Although polymers such as epoxy resins are good insulating materials, they have quite low thermal conductivities, usually 1 to 3 orders of magnitude lower than those of ceramics and metals. Thus, the development of insulating resin with high thermal conductivity is mandatory if operating temperatures are to be increased.
Does Music Training Enhance Auditory and Linguistic Processing? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Behavioral and Brain Evidence

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

It is often claimed that music training improves auditory and linguistic skills. Results of individual studies are mixed, however, and most evidence is correlational, precluding inferences of causation. Here, we evaluated data from 62 longitudinal studies that examined whether music training programs affect behavioral and brain measures of auditory and linguistic processing (N = 3928). For the behavioral data, a multivariate meta-analysis revealed a small positive effect of music training on both auditory and linguistic measures, regardless of the type of assignment (random vs. non-random), training (instrumental vs. non-instrumental), and control group (active vs. passive). The trim-and-fill method provided suggestive evidence of publication bias, but meta-regression methods (PET-PEESE) did not. For the brain data, a narrative synthesis also documented benefits of music training, namely for measures of auditory processing and of speech and prosody processing. Thus, the available literature provides evidence that music training produces small neurobehavioral enhancements in auditory and linguistic processing, although future studies are needed to confirm that such enhancements are not due to publication bias.
Comprehensive molecular characterization of Chinese patients with intrahepatic and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

e16128 Background: Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a heterogeneous disease arising from a complex interaction between host-specific genetic background and multiple risk factors. Globally, CCA incidence rates exhibit geographical variation, with much higher incidence in parts of the Eastern world compared to the West. Therefore, understanding the molecular characteristics of Chinese CCA patients is helpful for individualized treatment of patients. Methods: We reviewed 397 Chinese cholangiocarcinoma patients, including 125 extrahepatic and 272 intrahepatic, with paired tumor-normal samples sequenced by a 1021 gene panel. Tumor mutational burden(TMB) was defined as the number of somatic non-synonymous mutations per megabase of the panel region. Results: The genomic profiling was analyzed and indicated that TP53 and KRAS were the most frequently mutated gene, which were detected in 47% and 27% samples. The common targets gene of FGFR2 and IDH1 were detected in 6% and 4% patients in our cohort. Meanwhile, the prevalence of gene mutated was compared between intrahepatic and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. The TP53 mutation was more frequently prevalence in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (51% vs 36%, p = 0.0048); and the FGFR2 fusion more detected in extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (4% vs 10%, p = 0.0214). The TMB was also analyzed in our study and ranged from 1 to 194 (median:5). No difference was found between intrahepatic and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma in TMB. Besides, the TP53 mutations showed significant association with higher TMB (p < 0.0001), both intrahepatic and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma; and KRAS mutations showed significant association with higher TMB (p = 0.029) in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Interesting, KRAS mutations was also association with TMB in extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma; The KRAS-mutated & TP53-wildtype(wt) patients showed higher TMB than double-wt patients (5.5 vs 4, p = 0.048) and the only TP53-mutated patients showed higher TMB than double-mutated patients (8 vs 6, p = 0.047). Conclusions: In conclusion, the genomic profiling and molecular characterization were difference between intrahepatic and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, which may helpful in clinical diagnosis and treatment.
LHD NB2arm #91743.39

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The neutral beam (NB) shine-through profile is routinely monitored on the Large Helical Device (LHD) both to calibrate the port-through power of the NB and to evaluate the NB-deposition power to LHD plasmas. The profile is measured with a calorimeter (CM) array on an armor plate of the NB counter wall inside the LHD vacuum vessel.
Pollution regulation and ecological modernization: The formulation and implementation of best available techniques not entailing excessive costs

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Although policy élites make common use of the language of environmental protection, there remain doubts over the extent to which more progressive concepts are implemented. In order to pursue this issue we take as our focus a prominent term in contemporary pollution regulation, that of Best Available Techniques Not Entailing Excessive Costs (BATNEEC). The origins of the term are traced and its implementation in Britain assessed through a study of local regulatory practices. BATNEEC itself is analysed through the lens of ecological modernization, a more critical and analytical concept than sustainable development.
Cluster-Based SNP Calling on Large-Scale Genome Sequencing Data

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The available genetic data is increasing rapidly, with new high-throughput and low-cost technologies. While this data has enormous potential to impact scientific and medical advances, such data volumes cannot be processed without the use of parallelism. Most of the existing work on analysis of this data has focused on the accuracy of the analyses, and not performance, i.e. either the algorithms are serial and/or very simple and non-scalable parallelization techniques have been used. In this paper, we address the problem of identification of variants in large-scale genome sequencing data. After examining different possible approaches, we identify one which does not require any communication. However, achieving load-balance is non-trivial, because of the data-dependent nature of the processing. We develop three scheduling schemes including a dynamic scheme, which reduces scheduling overheads by using two different chunk sizes, a static scheme, which uses a pre-processing step to estimate workloads, and a combined scheme. In evaluating our schemes, we find that use of a pre-processing step (histogram computation) to estimate workloads is very effective, and thus, our combined scheme gives the best results. With a 32× increase in the number of cores, approximately a 24× performance improvement is seen, establishing that scalable processing of genomic data is possible. We also perform a comparison against an implementation based on Hadoop, and show that with our combined scheme, our implementation outperforms the one using Hadoop.
Sustainable Management of a Korean Firm: Transformation of the Value Chain in Cheil Industries Inc.

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

By using a new conceptual model of ‘Smile Curve’, this research strives to examine how Cheil Industries Inc. (CI) has been transforming its value chain to create its competitive advantage. According to the results, CI’s value-added structure in the past (conventional industrialization economy) was heavily reliant on the manufacturing sector, and therefore, the profit graph shaped an ‘Upside-down Shape of U’ indicating that production and manufacturing are the most value-added fields. However, CI’s current (knowledge-based economy) graph shows a ‘U with Fluent Curve’ indicating that R&D, human resources, corporate culture, firm infrastructure, manufacturing, logistics and marketing are simultaneously creating value-added for the company. This implies that CI’s value-added source is more diversified to fit with knowledge-based economy.
Mitochondrial ATP Synthase\nCatalytic Mechanism: A\nNovel Visual Comparative Structural Approach Emphasizes Pivotal Roles\nfor Mg<sup>2+</sup> and P-Loop Residues in Making ATP

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The mitochondrial ATP synthase (F<sub>o</sub>F<sub>1</sub>) is\none of the most abundant, important, and complex enzymes found in\nanimals and humans. In earlier studies, we used the photosensitive\nphosphate analogue vanadate (V<sub>i</sub>) to study the enzyme’s\nmechanism in the transition state. Significantly, these studies showed\nthat Mg<sup>2+</sup> plays an important role in transition state formation\nduring ATP synthesis. Additionally, in both MgADP·V<sub>i</sub>-F<sub>1</sub> and MgV<sub>i</sub>-F<sub>1</sub> complexes, photoactivation\nof orthovanadate (V<sub>i</sub>) induced cleavage at the third residue\nwithin the P-loop (GG<u>A</u>GVGKT), i.e., βA158,\nsuggesting its proximity to the γ-phosphate during transition\nstate formation. However, despite our recent release of the F<sub>1</sub>-ATPase structure containing V<sub>i</sub>, the structural\ndetails regarding the role of Mg<sup>2+</sup> have remained elusive.\nTherefore, in this study, we sought to improve our understanding of\nthe essential role of Mg<sup>2+</sup> during transition state formation.\nWe utilized Protein Data Bank structural data representing different\nconformational intermediates of key steps in ATP synthesis to assemble\na database of positional relationships between landmark residues of\nthe catalytic site and the bound ligand. Applying novel bioinformatics\nmethods, we combined the resulting interatomic spatial data with an\nanimated model of the catalytic site to visualize the exact nature\nof the changes in these positional relationships during ATP synthesis.\nThe results of these studies reported here show that the absence of\nMg<sup>2+</sup> results in migration of inorganic phosphate (P<sub>i</sub>) from βA158 to a more medial position in the P-loop\nbinding pocket, thereby disrupting essential placement and orientation\nof the P<sub>i</sub> needed to form the transition state structure\nand therefore MgATP.
Technology enhanced learning and plagiarism in entrepreneurship education

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Purpose This paper seeks to explore the relationship between entrepreneurship students' ethical views on plagiarism, their self reported engagement in plagiarism and their participation in an online plagiarism prevention tutorial. Design/methodology/approach The study is based on a questionnaire administered to 434 undergraduate university entrepreneurship students, combining self‐reported data with behavioural measures. Findings The results illustrate that more than one online plagiarism prevention tutorial is required to change self‐reported views relating to engagement in plagiarism, perception of peer participation in plagiarism and students' ethical views. However, it should be noted that even such a small intervention demonstrates an observable difference in students' capacity to recognise a case of verbatim plagiarism as an academic breach in practice. Research limitations/implications The research demonstrates that educators should focus on good educational design, educating students regarding plagiarism prevention while making use of technology enhanced learning, instead of considering e‐learning choices as a quick solution to plagiarism. Originality/value The paper focuses on an emerging aspect of plagiarism education, that is, the use of technology enhanced learning. While acknowledging the potential of technology enhanced learning in plagiarism prevention the paper notes that plagiarism prevention should be embedded in the curriculum rather than addressed in an ad‐hoc manner.
The effects of soil clay content, surface rock fragments and their interactions on runoff and sediment yield during rainfall simulation

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

In the present research, the effects of surface rock fragments and soil clay content on surface runoff and soil loss was investigated under the laboratory conditions. The aim of the test was to increase the general understanding of how soil clay content and surface rock fragments affect the soil erosion process. A rainfall simulator was added to an erosion plot and these apparatuses were used to investigate the effects of varying soil clay content (SCC) and soil rock fragments (SRF) on soil erosion by measuring runoff volume and sediment yield at regular time intervals during the simulation. The results indicated that the main effects of soil clay content and surface rock fragments were all significant at the 0.95 level (p<0.05) for the runoff and sediment yield. Also, the most significant factor was the quantity of soil clay content in comparison with the surface rock fragments. The interaction effect between surface rock fragments and soil clay content was not significant for the runoff volume, but in case of sediment yield it had a great influence. The repeated measures analysis of variance for time intervals revealed that the main effects of sampling time and its interactions with soil clay content and surface rock fragments were all significant (p<0.05) as well, although the effects of time intervals reduced gradually while the rainfall simulation proceeded. The results indicated that the main effects and interactions must be accounted for any simulation study of soil erosion and modeling, and the multiple effects should be studied in research rather than the isolated effects of single variables.
Citation of the “Psychological Journal” in the Information Space of the World&apos;s Leading Scientific Editions

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The article analyzes the key scientometric indicators associated with the citation of the leading domestic industry periodical — “Psychological Journal”: the impact factor of the publication, the average citation of articles in thematic areas, the Hirsch index and others. The sectoral structure of citation of the “Psychological Journal”, as well as the geography of citation of publications of the journal, is revealed. The publication productivity and citation of the thematic areas supported by the journal in the international information space of the world&apos;s leading scientific publications are considered. The conclusion is made about the most demanded (cited) scientific directions of the “Psychological Journal”; its interdisciplinary status is emphasized.
VRL3: A Data-Driven Framework for Visual Deep Reinforcement Learning

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We propose VRL3, a powerful data-driven framework with a simple design for solving challenging visual deep reinforcement learning (DRL) tasks. We analyze a number of major obstacles in taking a data-driven approach, and present a suite of design principles, novel findings, and critical insights about data-driven visual DRL. Our framework has three stages: in stage 1, we leverage non-RL datasets (e.g. ImageNet) to learn task-agnostic visual representations; in stage 2, we use offline RL data (e.g. a limited number of expert demonstrations) to convert the task-agnostic representations into more powerful task-specific representations; in stage 3, we fine-tune the agent with online RL. On a set of challenging hand manipulation tasks with sparse reward and realistic visual inputs, compared to the previous SOTA, VRL3 achieves an average of 780% better sample efficiency. And on the hardest task, VRL3 is 1220% more sample efficient (2440% when using a wider encoder) and solves the task with only 10% of the computation. These significant results clearly demonstrate the great potential of data-driven deep reinforcement learning.
Using the Integrated Developmental Model of Supervision in a Vocational Counseling Setting

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This paper proposes a concept of supervision at a vocational counseling setting. Using the Integrated Developmental Model with triadic supervision for trainees employed at YGS Placement Service agency will facilitate client welfare and counselor in training development. Along with supervision comes evaluating and assessing trainees' competence. Using the Counseling Competency Scale, the Supervisee Levels Questionnaire-Revised, and reflective journaling will benefit the supervision experience. Determining the level of development of trainees using the integrated development model is the first step to organize and plan the supervision meetings. Keywords: integrated developmental model, triadic supervision, vocational counseling, trainee, clinical supervision
Directions for Improving the Mechanisms of Public Administration in the Field of Ensuring Biosafety of Ukraine

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The directions for improving the organizational and legal instruments to ensure public administration in the field of biosafety of Ukraine are considered. It is proposed to create a permanent National Monitoring Centre for Biological Threats taking into consideration that there is no single authorized body in the field of biosafety in Ukraine, and the functions of monitoring epidemic and epidemiological information are assigned to various institutions. The activities of the monitoring centre are designed to support organizationally and functionally the existing system for responding to emergencies of a medical and biological nature and to increase its efficiency by significantly reducing the response time to emergency situations. It is proven that the integration of the existing sources of information on current biological risks in a dynamic mode within a single centre will significantly speed up the response time to the emergence of biological threats. It provides a transition from retrospective analysis to monitoring risks and their prevention. Taking into account that the effectiveness of the mechanism of public administration in the field of biosafety depends on the efficiency of public authorities, the directions for improving the organizational and legal support of public administration in the field of biosafety of Ukraine is presented. It is substantiated that it is expedient to improve the information support of public administration in the field of biological safety, in particular, through the formation of relevant databases covering the field of professional training, human resources, and research activities in the field of biological safety. The need to form the centralized registers is confirmed by foreign experience. The formation of information databases allows creating not only conditions for the controllability of the biological safety system within Ukraine, but also contributes to the formation of an effective mechanism of international cooperation (international mediation in this area).