jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Follow‐up outcomes of benign vascular lesions of breast diagnosed on core needle biopsy: A study of 117 cases

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Benign vascular lesions of breast are uncommon findings on core biopsy and surgical excision has been recommended to rule out a more serious lesion. However, a recent study suggested that excision may be spared for vascular lesion without atypia. The aim of this study was to assess the follow-up outcomes in lesions yielding benign vascular lesions on core biopsy. We retrospectively reviewed 117 patients with diagnosis of hemangioma (106 patients) and atypical hemangioma (11 patients) on core biopsy at our institution over an 18-year period. Majority of benign vascular lesions were followed-up clinically and/or radiologically. Surgical excision was performed on 18 patients (16.9%) with benign hemangiomas and all 11 patients (100%) with atypical hemangiomas. Upon excision, the majority of patients (82.8%, 24/29) retained benign final pathology and five patients (17.2%) were atypical hemangioma. There was no upgrade on excision. All patients had a benign course regardless whether the lesions were excised or not. Our findings support the recent study that benign vascular lesion of breast may not require surgical excision.
Considering regional policies towards ageing through a gendered lens

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

It is well known that populations around the world - and in Pacific Asia in particular - are ageing, and ageing rapidly. China is no exception to this. While it has been widely agreed that gender is an important lens through which to define and develop appropriate policies for both adaptation and mitigation of the challenges of ageing, gender is rarely explicitly taken into consideration as a vector of consideration. In this paper, we demonstrate for the case of China how when viewing this intersection through a regional lens, the extent to which old age is ‘feminised’ differs sharply across the country. Taken together, this shows the importance of considering gender both in old-age, as well as inequalities across the life course, in the formulation and development of policies relating to ageing at both the national and the regional level. This is especially important in a country such as China, where provinces and other local governments yield important policymaking powers in certain key areas relevant to ageing.
A cephalometric analysis of nasal septal growth.

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

In a study using lateral cranial radiographs of 454 males and 475 females (age 0-20 years) the anterior nasal spine-nasion (ANS-N) and ANS-posterior nasal spine (ANS-PNS) distance were measured and related to age and gender. The development of both dimensions is best described by negative exponential functions. ANS-PNS distance to the age of 5 and the ANS-N distance to the age of 2, develop linearly without gender difference. After this, deceleration, statistically more significant in females (P < 0.01, ANCOVA non-linear regression analysis) occurs for both parameters. Although a study of this type does not have maximal sensitivity, no significant calendar-age-related 'growth spurts' were detected.
Encephalitogenic Protein: Structure

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Amino acid sequences of encephalitogenic proteins from bovine cord and rabbit brain are reported. The bovine protein contains 45 residues. The rabbit protein is identical except for two isopolar substitutions, a dipeptide and amino acid deletion. Analysis of this protein and a 140-residue myelin basic protein indicates that the smaller protein is a portion of the larger encephalitogen. The larger myelin protein contains at least two encephalitogenic sites.
Analysis of the Impact of AGC on Cyclic Prefix Length for OFDM Systems

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In some orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems, a number of OFDM symbols form one subframe and consecutive subframes may be allocated to different users. The power estimation and the gain adjustment need to be carried out within the cyclic prefix (CP) of the first OFDM symbol in a subframe. After passing through the multipath channel, the CP of the first OFDM symbol in a subframe contains a portion of the power of the last OFDM symbol in the prior subframe. When these two subframes are allocated to distinct users with different received powers, the gain adjustment is inaccurate and the system performance is degraded. To combat the inter-user interference at the boundary of subframes, the CP of the first OFDM symbol in a subframe is proposed to include an adjustment portion (AP). The overhead of the AP is amortized over the OFDM symbols in a subframe and is negligible when the number of OFDM symbols in a subframe is large. A model is given to calculate the optimal length of the AP in this paper. The model uses an information theory to formulate the tradeoff between the accuracy of power measurement and the overhead of the AP.
Periodic receding horizon LQ regulators for discrete-time systems

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

A derived optimal control law based on optimizing a finite horizon (N) linear quadratic (LQ) criterion at time k for a discrete-time system only yield N time varying feedback gains independent of time k and thus is of an open-loop nature. Applying such a control law at each time iN, i=0, 1, . . ., naturally leads to an N-periodic closed-loop controller called the periodic receding horizon controller. Its closed-loop asymptotic stability and performance properties are studied. Several sufficient conditions for closed-loop asymptotic stability are obtained, one of which, in particular, is weaker than that the solution of the associated Riccati difference equation (RDE) is monotonically nonincreasing and can be rendered satisfied by suitable choice of the initial condition of the RDE. The evaluated infinite time performance of both the periodic receding horizon controller and the receding horizon controller is proved to converge to the optimal one related to the infinite time regulator problem as the horizon N tends to infinity.< >
The impact of phinishing process by commercial enzymes on denim fabric mechanical properties

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Traditionally, to get the look and feel of stonewashed jeans, pumice stones were used. However, thanks to the introduction of cellulase enzymes, the jeans industry can reduce and even eliminate the use of stones. Denim washing with cellulases provides an environmentally friendly process to achieve a desirable appearance and soft handle for fabric. The influence of two enzymes types, as well as the impact of changes in the parameters of treatment on mechanical properties of denim was studied in this paper. Used enzymes belong to a neutral cellulase whose activity is highest in the pH 7. It was established that the break strength decreases with each subsequent phase, i.e. any post processing of material come to harm of the structure which leads to reduction of strength. It is showed that the higher concentrations of the enzymes lead to reduction of material strength for about 30%. Time of treatment in all the chemical processes of great importance to the ultimate outcome of the reaction, the reduction of strength per warp and weft, in the conditions to 60-minute treatment is about 20%. It is to the same conditions of treatment the enzyme 2 caused greater damage to the material, i.e. reduction of strength per warp and weft of more than 26%. Crease angle is slightly reduced shrinkage after treatment and the resistance to abrasion saved as at untreated sample. .
Hongam Na Cheol's National Salvation and Enlightenment Movement - With a focus on several problems -

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

이 논문은 나철의 구국계몽운동에 대한 선행연구의 몇 가지 문제점을 제시한 것이다. 기존에 알려진 유신회·대한협동회는 그 존재 자체가 모호하나 1904년 경 나철이 이같은 성격의 구국계몽 운동에 참여했을 가능성은 충분하며, 포기하기는 했으나 그가 공진회 입회를 고려했던 것도 그 점 을 보여준다. 자신회의 경우 의열투쟁조직과 구국계몽단체의 성격을 모두 갖추고 있으나 과연 그것이 1907 년 2월 3일 결성되었는지는 의문이며, 회원 200명과 ‘국민대표’ 30명도 다시 검증해야 할 필요가 있다. 그가 호남학회에 입회한 것은 사실이나 활동 자체는 미미했던 것으로 보인다. 대종교 중광 의 경우에도 그 시기 및 이기·김윤식 등의 참여 여부는 재고의 여지가 있다. 선행연구에서 상당 부분이 규명되었음에도 나철의 구국계몽운동에 대한 향후연구의 여지는 매 우 크다. 총 4차례의 渡日을 전후하여 그 성격이 어떻게 달라지는지, 그리고 그에 동조하여 함께 활동하는 인물은 어떻게 달라지는지 등이 주목되어야 한다. 덧붙이자면, 그의 구국계몽운동 연구에서 주목받지 못한 분야가 교육활동인 것같다. 나철이 북 간도에서 대종교를 포교하며 학교 수십처를 설립했다는 것이다. 이 점이 구체적으로 입증된다면 그의 구국계몽운동의 실체는 한층 선명해질 것이다.
Homoazanicotine:  A Structure-Affinity Study for Nicotinic Acetylcholine (nACh) Receptor Binding

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

We have recently identified 3-[(1-methyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)methyl]pyridine (homoazanicotine, 8) as a novel nicotinic acetylcholinergic (nACh) receptor ligand. In the present investigation, after we determined that 8 binds selectively at nicotinic (K(i) = 7.8 nM) vs muscarinic (K(i) > 10,000 nM) acetylcholinergic receptors, we examined its structure-affinity relationships for nACh receptor binding. The features investigated included the influence of (i) the composition of connector that separates the two rings, (ii) the N-methyl group, (iii) the ring opening of the imidazoline ring, (iv) the pyridine nitrogen atom, and (v) the aromatization of the imidazoline ring on nACh receptor affinity. As with nicotine, the parent structure seems optimal and most structural changes reduce nACh receptor affinity. Also, as with nicotine analogues, alteration of the spacer group influences affinity in a manner that is somewhat different than that seen with the parent structure.
Interactive 3D region extraction of volume data using deformable boundary object.

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This study aims to establish an interactive and intuitive region extraction environment for volume data. A volume clipping method using deformable boundary object is proposed to support 3D region extraction task. Slice-based volume rendering of boundary elements enables to visualize clipped results in real time. Geometrical transformation and physics-based deformation support intuitive modification of 3D region of interest. Some extraction tasks are tested using CT data set on the developed system. All tests confirmed real-time visualization of clipped results is effective for interactive 3D region extraction in volume visualization and virtual object modeling.
Stabilization of the integrase‐DNA complex by Mg2+ ions and prediction of key residues for binding HIV‐1 integrase inhibitors

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT The HIV‐1 integrase is an attractive target for the therapeutics development against AIDS, as no host homologue of this protein has been identified. The integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs), including raltegravir, specifically target the second catalytic step of the integration process by binding to the DDE motif of the catalytic site and coordinating Mg 2+ ions. Recent X‐ray crystallographic structures of the integrase/DNA complex from prototype foamy virus allowed to investigate the role of the different partners (integrase, DNA, Mg 2+ ions, raltegravir) in the complex stability using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The presence of Mg 2+ ions is found to be essential for the stability, whereas the simultaneous presence of raltegravir and Mg 2+ ions has a destabilizing influence. A homology model of HIV‐1 integrase was built on the basis of the X‐ray crystallographic information, and protein marker residues for the ligand binding were detected by clustering the docking poses of known HIV‐1 integrase inhibitors on the model. Interestingly, we had already identified some of these residues to be involved in HIV‐1 resistance mutations and in the stabilization of the catalytic site during the MD simulations. Classification of protein conformations along MD simulations, as well as of ligand docking poses, was performed by using an original learning method, based on self‐organizing maps. This allows us to perform a more in‐depth investigation of the free‐energy basins populated by the complex in MD simulations on the one hand, and a straightforward classification of ligands according to their binding residues on the other hand. Proteins 2014; 82:466–478. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Impact, Responses and Future Prediction of Climate Change on the Phenology of Jellyfish

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Climate variation can be devastating to marine life. This essay mainly focuses on how jellyfish cope with changes in ocean temperature and whether they benefit or are also affected by the population's decline. In terms of whether jellyfish benefit from climate change, this paper focuses on two case studies: the mass propagation of jellyfish in the coastal areas of China and the abundance change of jellyfish in the Bering Sea area. The results conclude that jellyfish are increasing because of climate change. However, for the case study on the decrease of the race caused by the influence of jellyfish, this paper only found that it occurred in Humboldt Current, West Greenland Shelf, and Oyashio Current. Through comparative study, this paper demonstrates that jellyfish mainly benefited from climate variation because overfishing significantly reduced their predators. Critical species of the Marine food chain were transformed into flagellates. Flagellates reduce the oxygen content in the ocean. In addition, the paper found that the mortality of individual jellyfish in the study was increased by ocean acidification due to climate change. The increase in mortality rate is because the jellyfish's reproductive and body functions are greatly affected, leading to higher mortality. This discovery proves that there are still a few jellyfish that could be negatively affected by climate change. As a result, jellyfish, with their simple but adaptable bodies, gradually replaced fish as the dominant creatures in the water. Since studies of jellyfish and their corresponding measures are still scarce, researchers will need more attention to these small and unremarkable creatures in the future. Even in the face of human overfishing, their numbers are still more significant than the correct number. To restore the marine ecosystem balance, scientists must do something to reduce the number of jellyfish in the ocean.
The Function of Productive Forces in the Land System Change During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Before the well-field system change,farm tools mainly consisted of stone tools and wooden tools without an essential change and farming technique did not make marked progress.So it is a mistaken idea that productive forces brought about the land system change during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States.In fact,productive forces were thebasic conditions for the well-field system change at the time.
Complete mitochondrial genome of the lemon damsel, Pomacentrus moluccensis (Perciformes, Pomacentridae)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Pomacentrus moluccensis Bleeker, 1853 (Pomacentridae) is a bright yellow damselfish. Here, we assembled a complete 16,801 bp genome for P. moluccensis mitochondrion by employing the Illumina MiSeq platform. The complete mitochondrial genome contained 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, two ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes, and one putative control region. The overall genomic structure of P. moluccensis mitochondrion was conserved with the gene arrangements of mitogenomes published in subfamily Pomacentrinae, and phylogenetic analysis confirmed the sister relationship among the genus Amblyglyphidodon, Amphiprion, and Chrysiptera. This complete mitochondrial DNA information of P. moluccensis will provide essential molecular reference to elucidate the geographical distribution, the phylogenetic relationship, and evolutionary history of the damselfish genus Pomacentrus.
Glucocorticoid treatment for primary and secondary central nervous system vasculitis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Although the first-line treatment of central nervous system vasculitis (CNSV) is glucocorticoids (GC), the duration and dose of GC is still unknown. Although CNSVs seem to be a disease limited to a single area, they are a heterogeneous group of diseases clinically, in terms of involvement pattern and course. Due to the highly heterogeneous nature of the disease, patient-specific determination of the initial dose of GC is essential. Considering the disease courses, it may be more appropriate to consider 1mg/kg oral GC treatment if small/distal vessels are involved and intravenous bolus GC treatment if large/proximal vessels are involved in primary-CNSVs. In secondary-CNSVs (Anca-associated vasculitis, Behçet’s syndrome, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus) intravenous high dose GC treatment is recommended.
Fault Features Extraction and Identification based Rolling Bearing Fault Diagnosis

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

For the fault classification model based on extreme learning machine (ELM), the diagnosis accuracy and stability of rolling bearing is greatly influenced by a critical parameter, which is the number of nodes in hidden layer of ELM. An adaptive adjustment strategy is proposed based on vibrational mode decomposition, permutation entropy, and nuclear kernel extreme learning machine to determine the tunable parameter. First, the vibration signals are measured and then decomposed into different fault feature models based on variation mode decomposition. Then, fault feature of each model is formed to a high dimensional feature vector set based on permutation entropy. Second, the ELM output function is expressed by the inner product of Gauss kernel function to adaptively determine the number of hidden layer nodes. Finally, the high dimension feature vector set is used as the input to establish the kernel ELM rolling bearing fault classification model, and the classification and identification of different fault states of rolling bearings are carried out. In comparison with the fault classification methods based on support vector machine and ELM, the experimental results show that the proposed method has higher classification accuracy and better generalization ability.
Henri Lefebvre

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Aided with French and German scholarship, this paper takes stock of Henri Lefebvre’s relevance in contemporary English-speaking urban research on social movements, postcolonial situations, the state, scale, gender, urban political ecology, regulation, and the right to the city. What becomes clear from this survey is that Lefebvre’s capacity to contribute to cutting-edge urban research requires a selective translation of his work. While the modalities of translating Lefebvre vary depending on the subject matter, transfiguring Lefebvre for today is most plausible when taking into account the dialectical nature of his urbanism and the open-ended and integral character of his marxism.
Molecular analysis of patients with beta-glucuronidase deficiency presenting as hydrops fetalis or as early mucopolysaccharidosis VII.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Although not all mucopolysaccharidosis type VII (MPS VII) neonates present with hydrops fetalis or with related symptoms, hydrops fetalis is a common form of presentation of this mucopolysaccharidosis. We used reverse-transcription-PCR-SSCP and direct sequencing to screen for mutations in the human beta-glucuronidase cDNA of 17 MPS VII patients with severe presentation of the disease. Mutations resulting in an unstable mRNA were detected in genomic DNA with direct sequencing of the PCR-amplified beta-glucuronidase exons. We found extensive genetic heterogeneity in MPS VII alleles: in addition to 6 or 12 previously reported mutations (L176F, R216W, R357X, R382C, W507X, and W627C), we detected 14 undescribed mutations in the beta-glucuronidase coding region that produce MPS VII alleles (G136R, E150K, S312X, Y320S, Y320C, H351Y, R382H, R374C, R435P, R477W, G572D, Y508C, K606N and 1900 delta GA). The mutations in hydropic fetuses were widely scattered in the beta-glucuronidase gene. Analysis of three polymorphic sites of the mutant alleles (1766T/C, 1972C/T and a new 1091+27C/G polymorphism) allowed exclusion of identity by descent for some recurrent mutations. Three of four mutations introducing a premature translation stop codon were found to affect mRNA abundance and/or structure. Expression studies provided evidence for the causal relationship between each of the mutations found in MPS VII alleles and the enzyme deficiency, in that all mutations identified exhibited markedly reduced enzyme activity expressed in COS7 cells following transfection with the mutant cDNA.
Pengaruh Kualitas Produk Dan Inovasi Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Pada Defitex.Id (Survei Pada Konsumen Mukena Travel Defitex.Id)

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The aim of this research is to determine and analyze the influence of product quality and innovation on purchasing decisions among mukena travel defitex.id consumers. The research method used in this research is a quantitative method with a survey approach, while the types of data used in this research are primary data and secondary data. The object of this research is product quality, innovation and purchasing decisions among mukena travel defitex.id consumers. The data analysis technique used is multiple linear analysis and hypothesis testing in the form of the F test and t test. The results of this test prove that product quality and innovation simultaneously have a significant influence on purchasing decisions for mukena travel defitex.id consumers. Partially, product quality and innovation have a significant effect on purchasing decisions.
Finding Common Ground: Defining Agricultural Viability and Streamlining Multi-organization Data Collection

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In 2011, the state of Washington created the Voluntary Stewardship Program (VSP), a collabo­rative and incentive-based approach to land-use management with the goal of protecting critical areas while maintaining and improving the viability of agriculture. Agricultural viability is an attractive ideal supported by a variety of stakeholder groups. Narrowly defined, agricultural viability is the ability of a farmer or a group of farmers to maintain an economically viable farm business. Yet, many feel this definition does not go far enough to reflect the long-term viability of agriculture in a community. It is, however, difficult to develop a broader shared definition and strategies to evaluate successful implementation of programs to achieve viability across multiple organizations. This paper explores how one county in Washington state organized a multistakeholder engagement process, employing the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Agricultural and Marketing Service (AMS) Toolkit (Thilmany McFadden et al., 2016) to define and measure agricultural viability. The process included collaborative design and implementation of an agricultural viability survey in San Juan County, Washington. We frame our reflective piece within the literature on agricultural viability and multi­stakeholder engagement literature. To conclude, we reflect on the unique features of a multistakeholder working group and the implications for improving the viability of agriculture at the county level. See the press release for this article.