jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
R EPORTS Genome-Wide Survey of Human Alternative Pre-mRNA Splicing with Exon Junction Microarrays

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Alternative pre–messenger RNA (pre-mRNA) splicing plays important roles in development, physiology, and disease, and more than half of human genes are alternatively spliced. To understand the biological roles and regulation of alternative splicing across different tissues and stages of development, systematic methods are needed. Here, we demonstrate the use of microarrays to monitor splicing at every exon-exon junction in more than 10,000 multi-exon human genes in 52 tissues and cell lines. These genome-wide data provide experimental evidence and tissue distributions for thousands of known and novel alternative splicing events. Adding to previous studies, the results indicate that at least 74 % of human multi-exon genes are alternatively spliced. Alternative pre-mRNA splicing is expected to make an important contribution to the complexity of the human proteome and at least half of human genes are alternatively spliced (1, 2). Alternative splicing (AS) has
[Studies on constituents in Uncaria macrophylla Wall].

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Six compounds were isolated and identified as ursolic acid, 3 beta-6 beta-23-trihydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid, 3 beta, 6 beta, 19 alpha-trihydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid, epicatechin, beta-sitosterol and daucosterin. All the compounds were isolated for the first time from the plant.
SH0808795.10FU

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.
Targeted next-generation sequencing of FNA-derived DNA in pancreatic cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

To improve the diagnostic value of fine-needle aspiration (FNA)-derived material, we perform targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) in patients with a suspect lesion of the pancreas. The NGS analysis can lead to a change in the treatment plan or supports inconclusive or uncertain cytology results. We describe the advantages of NGS using one particular patient with a recurrent pancreatic lesion 7 years after resection of a pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Our NGS analysis revealed the presence of a presumed second primary cancer in the pancreatic remnant, which led to a change in treatment: resection with curative intend instead of palliation. Additionally, NGS identified an unexpected germline CDKN2A 19-base pair deletion, which predisposed the patient to developing PDAC. Preoperative NGS analysis of FNA-derived DNA can help identify patients at risk for developing PDAC and define future therapeutic options.
Potential of Technosols Created with Urban By-Products for Rooftop Edible Production

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Urban agriculture is sprouting throughout the world nowadays. New forms of urban agriculture are observed such as rooftop farming. In the case of low-tech rooftop farming projects, based on recycled urban waste, one of the key issues is the type of substrate used, as it determines the functions and ecosystem services delivered by the green roof. Using a five year experimental trial, we quantified the food production potential of Technosols created only with urban wastes (green waste compost, crushed wood, spent mushroom), as well as the soil fertility and the potential contamination of food products. Regarding food production, our cropping system showed promising results across the five years, in relation with the high fertility of the Technosols. This fertility was maintained, as well as the nutrients stocks after five cropping years. Most of the edible crops had trace metals contents below existing norms for toxic trace metals with nevertheless a concern regarding certain some trace metals such as Zn and Cu. There was no trace metal accumulation in the Technosols over time except for Zn. This study confirmed that constructing Technosols only from urban wastes is a suitable and efficient solution to design rooftops for edible production.
A STUDY OF FLOUTINGS OF THE COOPERATIVE PRINCIPLE AS SEEN IN FRIENDS TV SERIES

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This study focuses on the analysis of the application of the Conversational Principle of Politeness Strategy that led to the floutings of the Cooperative Principle. Robin Lakoff, formulates the Conversational Principle of Politeness to support the Cooperative Principle with three maxims in it. Those are make your hearer feel good, not imposing, and give option. A philosopher, Paul Grice formulates the Cooperative Principle to help the language users in maintaining their speech. With this principle, speakers of a language could minimize the possibility of misunderstanding. The Principle has four maxims in it, maxim of quality, maxim of quantity, maxim of relevance, and maxim of manner. In practice, both principles are often in conflict with each other.The aim of this study is to find out which maxim in the Conversational Principle of Politeness Strategy is the most applied and which maxim of the Cooperative Principle is being flouted. In this research, the writer is using Friends TV series, one of the most popular TV series played in many countries around the world. This TV series has ten seasons with each season last for one year. For this study, the writer will only use the ninth season which played from 2002 until 2003. The decision to use Friends is because the script used in Friends is considered to represent Americans daily conversation. Watching this TV series, the writer found that there are some cases of applying the Conversational Principle of Politeness Strategy.To collect the data, the writer will watch the film, and select the parts of the dialogue that apply Politeness Strategy. To get an accurate data, the scripts of Friends are taken from the internet. In analyzing the data, the writer will examine which maxim of the Politeness Strategy is the dialogue is adhering to. At the end of this study, as a result, the writer found that the maxim of quality is the most flouted maxim in order to obey the Politeness Principle to make our hearer feel good.
Analysis of polymorphisms in the MEN 1 gene and Calcium sensing receptor gene in sporadic primary hyperparathyroidism

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT) occurs sporadically and in several hereditary disorders including multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1. It is characterized by hypercalcemia as a result of exessive release of parathyroid hormone (PTH). Candidates for involvement in sporadic parathyroid tumorigenesis are the Calcium-Sensing Receptor Gene (CASR) and the MEN 1 gene. An association of the most common polymorphism (SNP) in the MEN 1 gene, D418D with sporadic pHPT has been recently described (Correa 2002). For the SNPs A986S and G990R in the CASR gene Cole et al. and Yamauchi et al. found an influence on serum calcium and PTH concentration. Therefore, we investigated the frequency of the D418D (MEN 1 gene), A986S and G990R (CASR gene) SNPs in patients with sporadic pHPT and related them to serum calcium and PTH levels. In 66 patients with pHPT D418D, A986S and G990R SNPs and in 50 controls D418D SNP have been analysed by direct sequencing of the PCR amplified genomic DNA. The observed allelic frequency for 418D allele in the MEN 1 gene was 34.8% (46/132) in patients with pHPT and 47% (47/100) in controls. In the pHPT patients the CASR gene allele 986S was found in 21.2% (28/132) and the 990G allele in 7.5% (10/132). For D418D and R990G no association to calcium and PTH could be seen. For A986S a trend to higher calcium in 986AS could be detected (2.82 mmol/L in 986AA vs. 2.87 mmol/L in 986AS). We report an overrepresentation of 418D in MEN 1 gene in patients with pHPT and confirm the results of Correa et al. As reported by Cole et al., we also detect a trend to higher calcium in 986AS in CASR gene, though our differences are not significant. In contrast we could not confirm the results of Yamauchi et al. We did not find an association between PTH levels in G990R. The pathophysiological importance of these results has to be discussed.
Burnout syndrome in the nursing staff from arequipa [Síndrome de burnout en personal de enfermería de arequipa]

Field: Nursing (Health Sciences)

Objective: To analyze the symptoms of the burnout syndrome in nurses. Methods: Correlational study conducted in a sample of 47 nurses from Arequipa city. Maslach´s Burnout Inventory for human service professions and statistical tests for correlations and comparisons of variables were used. Results: In the group, 21.3% of female nurses presented with severe emotional exhaustion and low personal performance indexes whereas 29.8% had high level of depersonalization. The correlations indicated that the burnout syndrome, the emotional exhaustion and depersonalization were all positively related (p< 0.01). Additionally, the variance analysis showed significant differences in the global scoring of the syndrome depending on the number of years worked at the service. Conclusions: The studied nurses present high levels of burnout syndrome and mainly those who have been working longer at the service or who have been working less than five years. © 2016, Editorial Ciencias Medicas. All rights reserved.
Response and Pattern of Failure After Photodynamic Therapy for Intraluminal Stage I Lung Cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) causes selective tumor damage and has been shown to be effective in the treatment of early-stage lung cancer. Thirty patients, with 39 intraluminal cancer lesions, who were considered to be high-risk surgical candidates, were treated with PDT. A complete response after PDT was found in 23 patients (28 lesions), in 20 patients (25 lesions) after the first treatment and in 3 patients after the second treatment. Thirteen complete responders (18 tumors) are still alive, with a median survival of 10 months (range, 2–95 months). Two patients developed subsequent primaries (4 and 40 months), seven had recurrences (2–19 months), and one developed nodal disease. Therefore, the overall long-term success rate of PDT in terms of local control was 46%. Two of the partial responders achieved a complete response after external irradiation; one is still in complete-response status after 52 months. Bronchoscopic evaluation showed that partial responders had tumors located distal to a segmental bronchial bifurcation or in bronchial stumps. Our data suggest that inadequate light delivery or an insufficient light dose may account for treatment failure in this category of patients. Improvement of light dosimetry and better assessment of tumor extension may increase the efficacy of PDT.
Wind Turbine Blade Erosion Detection using Visual Inspection and Transfer Learning

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Turbine blades, which carry approximately one-third of a turbine weight, are susceptible to damage and can cause sudden malfunction of a grid-connected wind energy conversion system. Early detection of blade damage is crucial for preventing catastrophic failures that can lead to downtime, repair costs, and even injury or loss of life. This manuscript aims to explore an image analytics-based deep learning framework for wind turbine blade erosion detection. Turbine blade images are captured via drones/unmanned aerial vehicles during the data collection phase. Upon inspection, it was found that the image dataset was limited; hence, image augmentation was applied to improve the blade image dataset. The approach is modeled as a multiclass supervised learning problem where different turbine blade surface damage scenarios are considered. The potential capability of transfer learning methods such as VGG16-RCNN and AlexNet are tested against a convolutional neural network for detecting the blade's surface damage. Results reveal the VGG16-RCNN model as the best classifier among the tested ones with the highest accuracy and precision score. To validate the effect of image augmentation on the training data, the accuracy of the proposed VGG16-RCNN framework is assessed via sensitivity analysis, and results of the same reveal that horizontal and vertical flip together with zoom and rotation brings out an efficiency of 93.8%. However, a more generic model that works well with turbines located in different topological regions could be of more importance.
Study on non-verbal communication knowledge among doctors of non-clinical and para clinical departments of Government Vellore medical college hospital, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: Many Studies and Research Articles in our medical field focuses on Verbal Communication component. The Non-Verbal Component has been neglected in many circumstances. But Medical science endorses that Non-Verbal component plays a major role in the communication process in all set ups whether it is in the classrooms, Examination Hall, Outpatient Room or Wards or Intensive Care Units. The objective of this study is to access the knowledge and Awareness of NVC Component among Doctors of Non-Clinical and Para Clinical Departments of GVMCH - Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.Methods: This Cross-Sectional Study was conducted among 45 Doctors across 7 Departments of Government Medical College Vellore. Mean, Median, Mode and Standard Deviation were used for quantitative Data and Pearson Chi Square Test and Logistic regression was used for qualitative Data using Trial Version of SPSS 22.Results: The mean Score was 7.2±2.8 with Mean scoring percentile of 28.8 ±11.5. There was Pearson’s Chi Square significance for Variables like External Resources related to NVC, Books related to NVC, UG and PG pursued at, Exposure to Workshops or CME s related to NVC, and age Group < 35. But on running Logistic Regression we got statistical significance for variables like External resources related to NVC, UG studied at same state, Age Group >35 years.Conclusions: Variables like External resources, UG studied at same state, Age Group >35 years Showed Statistical significance in knowledge on Non-Verbal communication in this Study set up.
Protective effect of severe magnesium deficiency on Plasmodium chabaudi infection.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Mice were fed for 30 days on purified diets containing 50 (severely Mg deficient diet), 100 (moderately Mg deficient diet) and 1300 mg/kg (control diet). An additional group raised on stock UAR diet was also used for the experiment. The mice were maintained on the experimental diets for 12 days before being inoculated with P. chabaudi. Infection evolved similarly in mice fed the control purified diet, moderately Mg deficient diet and the stock diet whereas the severely Mg deficient diet induced a 50% decrease in malarial infection as shown by the decrease in the percentage of parasitized red blood cells (RBC). In control mice, RBC Mg values increased significantly during P. chabaudi infection; however RBC Mg values were significantly lower in Mg-deficient than in control animals.
Investigating local climate zones for outdoor thermal comfort assessment in an Indian city

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The rapid growth of development and urbanization in the Indian subcontinents has made the urban areas vulnerable to outdoor thermal discomfort (OTC) which is in turn affecting the quality of living in these areas. This study aims at evaluating spatiotemporal dynamics of outdoor thermal comfort in Nagpur city (India) during winter, summer and heat wave period using Local Climate Zone (LCZ) classification. It uses Thom's Discomfort Index (DI) and Relative Strain Index (RSI) to analyze outdoor thermal comfort. It also examines the significance of major LCZs in addressing thermal anomaly and OTC at different time periods using One-way ANOVA technique. It identifies critical LCZ having a maximum exposure of discomfort and concludes with the applicability of LCZ for addressing discomfort.
Villous Adenoma of the Rectosigmoid and Sigmoid Colon

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Villous adenoma of the colon is an interesting and unique tumor. It has been referred to by many names, including papillary adenoma or polyp; villous papillary adenoma; villous, columnar, or mucous papilloma; papilloma; villoma and villous tumor. Although numerous reports of this neoplasm have been published, few of them have appeared in the radiological literature (6), and little emphasis has been placed upon the roentgen diagnosis (26). X-ray studies after a barium enema have been said by some authors (1) not to be helpful in most cases. The reason may be that the majority of villous adenomas, approximately 80 per cent (25), are located in the rectum and rectosigmoid and are accessible for diagnosis and treatment by sigmoidoscopy (10, 11). Nevertheless, a roentgen study of the colon is an indispensable aid in the diagnosis of these tumors, regardless of location. Radiologically, the limits of the neoplasm can be ascertained, and additional lesions, either benign or malignant, may be demonstrated in approximately one-third of the cases (25). This report of 2 cases is submitted because of certain radiographic characteristics depicted by air-contrast study, which, when correlated with the clinical findings, resulted in an accurate roentgen diagnosis in the second case. Clinical Manifestations Renewed interest in villous adenoma has been shown during the past few years due to the recognition of a definite clinical syndrome, characterized by excessive mucus (pseudodiarrhea), rectal bleeding, and severe electrolyte depletion (3, 5, 6, 12–15, 17–19, 21–24). The electrolytes which are affected are particularly sodium and potassium. Not all patients with villous tumors show fluid and electrolyte imbalance (2, 8, 11, 22); when present, it is a late complication (19, 26) leading to death in some cases (7, 15, 18). This syndrome was apparently first recognized by McKittrick and Wheelock (16). The salient symptomatology consists of an excessive watery mucous type of secretion, rectal bleeding, and occasional tenesmus. Characteristically, the patient passes a considerable amount of mucus upon arising in the morning. This may be preceded or followed by a normal bowel movement. Secretion and expulsion of mucus continue thereafter, from five to twenty times a day (19). This is described by the patient as a “diarrhea,” but close questioning will reveal the true nature of the discharge. The patient should be asked specifically to describe the character of the “diarrhea” stools. Only when they are numerous, clear, and watery is suspicion of villous adenoma aroused. Villous tumors are found more commonly in the fifth and sixth decades of life, in either sex (2, 22); they are seldom encountered before forty years of age (20). The reported incidence of benign villous tumors varies from 2 to 8 per cent of adenomas of the colon (2, 8) and does not exceed 3 per cent of all tumors of the large bowel (9).
Impacts of anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody in prostate cancer PC3 cells

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) network appears to be a rich target for prostate cancer. Thus, in this current investigation, to pursue our newly developed anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody (mAb) in prostate cancer, its inhibitory effect was investigated in PC3 cells. The binding specificity of antibody was examined by flow cytometry and immunofluorescence staining. The cultivated cells were treated with various doses of the anti-EGFR mAb at different time points and the cellular and/or molecular impacts were assessed. MTT assay was utilized to examine the cytotoxic effects. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR was used to evaluate the expression of EGFR and some important apoptosis signaling molecules (e.g., MAPK-1, STAT-5, Akt-1 kinase). Flow cytometric and immunofluorescence staining analyses showed that the anti-EGFR mAb can bind to EGFR with high specificity. The results revealed that the anti-EGFR mAb can inhibit cell growth in a dose and time dependent manner. RT-PCR analysis revealed that the binding of anti-EGFR mAb to its receptors can eventually result in downregulation of Akt-1 kinase gene, but not MAPK-1, STAT-5 and EGFR genes. Based on our findings, it can be concluded that Akt-1 is the most important downstream signaling molecules affected by anti-EGFR mAbs.
Is there an increased cardiovascular risk in patients with prolactinoma? A challenging question

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Purpose Epicardial adipose tissue thickness (EATT) is considered to be a surrogate for visceral fat and a novel cardiovascular risk indicator. Hyperprolactinemia has been shown to be associated with increased cardiovascular risk. The aim was to evaluate the association between EATT, carotid intima media thickness (CIMT), and cardiac functions in patients with prolactinoma. Methods Patients with the diagnosis of prolactinoma were included. The control group consisted of healthy age matched individuals with normal prolactin levels. Prolactin, fasting blood glucose (FBG), insulin, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total cholesterol, triglycerides, and high (HDL) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol were measured. EATT, CIMT, cardiac systolic, and diastolic functions were determined using echocardiography. Results We evaluated 67 patients with prolactinoma (aged 40.7 ± 11.9 years, F/M: 51/16) and 57 controls (aged 42.5 ± 7.4 years, F/M: 36/21). Of the 67 patients, 24 had normal prolactin levels. FBG level was higher in prolactinoma patients than in controls. Patients and controls had similar HbA1c, HOMA‐IR, ALT, total, HDL, LDL cholesterol, and triglycerides levels, and similar cardiac systolic and diastolic functions. Prolactinoma patients had greater EATT (3.0 ± 0.5 mm vs. 2.6 ± 0.4 mm, p < 0.001) and CIMT (0.57 ± 0.08 mm vs. 0.52 ± 0.04 mm, p = 0.03) than controls. EATT was correlated with body mass index, FBG, HbA1c, and triglyceride levels. Conclusions EATT and CIMT were greater in patients with prolactinoma, although they had normal cardiac systolic and diastolic functions.
MicroRNA profiling identifies miR-129-5p as a regulator of EMT in tubular epithelial cells.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The importance of microRNAs in various diseases has been demonstrated, but their potential role in the pathogenesis of renal fibrosis needs to further research. We have profiled changes in microRNA levels in human kidney proximal tubular cell line HK-2 with TGF-β treatment and identified significantly altered miRNAs. miR-129-5p, was one of the significant down-regulated miRNAs in experimental models. PDPK1 was a potential target gene of miR-129-5p and luciferase assay analysis identified PDPK1 as a new direct target gene of miR-129-5p. Further research indicated that miR-129-5p suppressed PDPK1 mRNA and protein levels in HK-2 cells. miR-129-5p inhibited EMT via PDPK1 in HK-2 cells. In a conclusion, our findings suggested that miR-129-5p may function as a suppressor in renal fibrosis by targeting PDPK1.