jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
METHODS OF CONCLUSION OF ADHESION CONTRACTS AND ITS ANALOGS: COMPARATIVE-LEGAL ANALYSIS

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The target of the article is to search the distinctive signs between adhesion contract and its analogs in the substantive aspect taking into account the methods of its conclusion. The article consistently explores the main traditional methods of contract conclusion the only document signed by parties, the reciprocation, offers accept by concluding actions, with regards to mentioned concepts, and roles (an offerer and an acceptor) of strong and adhesive parties. Attention is also paid to contract concluding methods which are not directly ﬁt with legal limits, but are being used in business relationships, and to contract concluding at a tender. The article describes the recent change in law about adhesion contract and the inﬂuence of this change to raise of number of adhesion contracts concluded at tenders. As a result of each contract concluding method analysis, the author resumes, that the differences between adhesion contract and its analogs are not being exhibited.
An accurate solution for forward kinematics of 6-SPS Stewart platform based on neural network

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The nonlinear mapping from the joint-variable-space to the platform is accomplished with BP neural network after training and learning.The training data comes from the inversed kinematical model of the platform.To improve the accuracy of the solution,an associated neural network using Kalman filter is used to compensate for the offset error.Numerical results of the simulation of 6-SPS Stewart platform have shown that the accurate solutions can be obtained by performing only a few iteration steps and the computation speed can meet the requirements of the robot’s real time control system.
Arrest Reaction in Man

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

In spite of many reports of arrest reaction in animals, there are very few reports in man. During a therapeutic stereotactic operation we observed peculiar phenomena caused by electrical stimulation to the deep structure of the cerebrum. This phenomenon is quite similar to that reported by Van Buren, but there are a few differences between them. Arrest reaction was observed in 14 of 23 cases, 17 of 28 tracks. Stimuli which caused the arrest reaction were 60–100 Hz square waves of 1 msec duration and 5–15 V. The electrical stimulation caused an interruption of counting and other motor actions, which could be resumed following release of stimuli. Psychic confusion or memory disturbances were not observed with the exception of a few cases. The arrest reaction that we observed is thought to be due to a direct effect on the head of the caudate nucleus, not due to secondary effects on the internal capsule and the motor fiber in the vicinity of the caudate nucleus. However, the possibility that the current spread to the motor fiber cannot be definitely ruled out.
Vincristine toxicity with co-administration of triazole antifungals during induction therapy for pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

10535 Background: Antifungal prophylaxis is recommended for intermediate and high-risk patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) during periods of prolonged neutropenia such as induction therapy. However, increased vincristine toxicities among childhood leukemia patients have been reported with the co-administration of triazole antifungals. We examined the association between triazoles and vincristine-related toxicities among pediatric patients with ALL undergoing induction therapy. Methods: Using a retrospective cohort design, we reviewed the charts of all pediatric patients (0-18 years-old) treated for newly-diagnosed ALL at the North Carolina Children’s Hospital from 2003 to 2013. Patients were classified according to whether or not they received a triazole antifungal during induction therapy. The presence of any vincristine-associated toxicity was the primary outcome. Using a log binomial model, the adjusted relative risk for vincristine-related toxicity associated with triazole exposure was determined. Results: We identified 219 patients treated for ALL during the study period; 199 met inclusion criteria for evaluation. The mean age was 6.3 years (SD 4.4) with a male predominance (60%). Sixty-three percent were Caucasian, 16% Hispanic, and 14% African American. Most patients (85%) had B-cell phenotype, and 50% were standard risk. One hundred and sixty-two patients (81%) received a triazole with the majority being fluconazole (N = 160, 80%). Adjusting for patient age and race, no increased risk for vincristine-associated toxicity with triazole exposure was observed (RR 1.4, 95%CI 0.65-2.88). Age ≥ 10 years was independently associated with an increased risk for vincristine-associated toxicity (RR 1.9, 95%CI 1.20-3.17). Conclusions: Co-administration of fluconazole during induction therapy for pediatric ALL does not increase the risk for vincristine-associated toxicities; however, patients 10 years-old and older are at increased risk for toxicity independent of their triazole exposure. Prophylaxis with fluconazole can be used during induction therapy for pediatric ALL without increased vincristine-associated toxicities.
Heterogeneous Bimetallic Phosphide Ni2P‐Fe2P as an Efficient Bifunctional Catalyst for Water/Seawater Splitting

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Developing high‐performance and cost‐effective bifunctional electrocatalysts for large‐scale water electrolysis is desirable but remains a significant challenge. Most existing nano‐ and micro‐structured electrocatalysts require complex synthetic procedures, making scale‐up highly challenging. Here, a heterogeneous Ni 2 P‐Fe 2 P microsheet is synthesized by directly soaking Ni foam in hydrochloric acid and an iron nitrate solution, followed by phosphidation. Benefiting from high intrinsic activity, abundant active sites, and a superior transfer coefficient, this self‐supported Ni 2 P‐Fe 2 P electrocatalyst shows superb catalytic activity toward overall water splitting, requiring low voltages of 1.682 and 1.865 V to attain current densities of 100 and 500 mA cm −2 in 1 m KOH, respectively. Such catalytic performance is superior to the benchmark IrO 2 || Pt/C pair and also places this electrocatalyst among the best bifunctional catalysts reported thus far. Furthermore, its enhanced corrosion resistance and hydrophilic surface make it suitable for seawater splitting. It is able to achieve current densities of 100 and 500 mA cm −2 in 1 m KOH seawater at voltages of 1.811 and 2.004 V, respectively, which, together with its robust durability, demonstrates its great potential for realistic seawater electrolysis. This work presents a general and economic approach toward the fabrication of heterogeneous metallic phosphide catalysts for water/seawater electrocatalysis.
Relationship between Reaction Time and Electroencephalographic Alpha Phase

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Demonstrations of a relationship between human 8 to 13 per second (alpha) electroencephalographic activity and simple visual reaction time can be made at reliable levels of confidence by (i) sampling reaction times to stimuli given at phases of the alpha cycle 10 msec apart, (ii) selecting the phase with the slowest reaction times, and (iii) collecting enough reaction times to stimuli at this and some other control phase for statistical comparison.
Composition of fungal communities in soil and endophytic in raspberry production systems.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Fungi play important roles as decomposers, plant symbionts and pathogens in soil. While endophytes are microorganisms that dwell within plant tissues and have a symbiotic association with the host. The structures of fungal communities in the soil and in endophytic association are dependent up complex interactions with the environment and the host. These two communities have a great influence on plant health and development. Using culture-independent fungal community profiling, we investigated the effects of fertilizer (composted dairy solids + mustard seed meal) on fungal communities in soil and endophytic in a raspberry production system. During the study we evaluated the impact of primer selection ITS1 vs ITS2. We characterized the communities for both spring and fall time periods. The results show that the soil communities are dominated by Ascomycota, and Basidiomycota in soil, while the endophytes were primarily Ascomycota. The relative abundances of certain taxa, such as Capnodiales, were more predominant in composted soil (8%) than the control (4%). There were no significant differences identified in the endophytic communities between the two treatments. Further research should elucidate the specific roles of these fungal taxa in raspberry soils and endophyte, and on the heath of the plant. To advance the ecological management of crop soils, understanding is needed of how beneficial microbial relationships can be fostered in these production systems.
Available IPD datapackage for study 'A Phase II Randomized, Double-Blind Study of Neoadjuvant Letrozole Plus GDC-0032 Versus Letrozole Plus Placebo in Postmenopausal Women With ER-positive/HER2-negative, Early Stage Breast Cancer'

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This is a two-arm, randomized, double-blind, multicenter, pre-operative study to evaluate the effect of combining letrozole and GDC-0032 (also known as taselisib) versus letrozole and placebo in postmenopausal women with estrogen receptor-positive (ER+)/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) untreated, Stage I-III operable breast cancer. Participants will be randomized into one of the two treatment arms with a 1:1 randomization ratio. Letrozole at 2.5 milligrams (mg) will be dosed once daily plus either Taselisib at 4 mg (two 2-mg tablets) or placebo on a 5 days-on/ 2 days-off schedule for a total of 16 weeks.
ONLINE INFORMAL LEARNING OF ENGLISH AND MOTIVATION TO LEARN EFL: CORRELATIONAL STUDY

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The trend of online learning has been intensifying and present is the need for study to align this phenomenon to motivation in order for language teachers to boost students’ achievement. This research is about to inquire the correlation between online informal learning of English and motivation to learn English. Quantitative method was used to measure the correlation between variables. Subjects were students in a boarding school selected with random sampling. To obtain data, questionnaire and interview were conducted. There were 55 students in total that participated in completing the questionnaire and only 16 of them were taken to be considered for the interview. The questionnaire was in Likert Scale about the frequency of English use and about the motivation in learning. Semi-structured interview was used to confirm and expand the data. Statistical analysis of two questionnaire resulted in a positive correlation (correlation coefficient {r} = 0,48). This means that higher values of one variable tend to be associated with higher values of other variable. Suggestion was to increase English use in online activities, to observe other factors affecting the results, and more research is needed to be conducted.
Feasibility and Clinician Perspectives of the Visual Symptoms and Signs Screen

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: The Visual Symptoms and Signs Screen (V-SASS) is a tool to identify vision deficits and facilitate referrals to vision specialists. The study objectives were to determine feasibility and clinician perspectives of the V-SASS. Methods: Prospective, multisite study with 141 new-onset stroke participants. After V-SASS administration, feasibility and predictive success were assessed. Results: The V-SASS identified vision symptoms and signs with high feasibility (>75%). Of those who screened positive, 93.1% had deficits in visual function or functional vision. Conclusions: The V-SASS was found to be feasible in multiple settings and accurately identify vision deficits and appropriately trigger vision referrals.
A trispecific T cell engager CD19xCD3xCD28 induces potent tumor-directed T cell activation and antitumor activity by simultaneously engagement of TCR and a co-stimulatory receptor CD28

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract

T-cells, being the major player in adaptive immune system mediating cellular immunity, have become a central focus for engaging the immune system in fighting against cancer. Their activation is initiated by recognition of antigen/major histocompatibility complexes by the T-cell receptor (TCR) and enhanced by engagement of co-stimulatory receptor. In recent years, various immunotherapies deploying T-cell immunity have made immense progress, including chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T therapy, checkpoint blockage, and CD3-based bispecific antibodies. Here we report the development of a novel trispecific antibody to CD19, CD3, and CD28, with an emphasis on the co-engagement of both CD3/TCR complex and CD28 co-stimulatory receptor for sustained T cell activation. Compared with the BiTE-CD19xCD3 lacking the co-stimulatory domain, the trispecific antibody augmented T cell proliferation and differentiation into memory T cells. It induced faster tumor cell lysis than the bispecific antibody, preferably through direct tumor lysis by CD8 T cells. RNAseq analysis revealed that the trispecific antibody modulates TCR complex-derived signal at multiple aspects, including amplification of transcriptional factors, promoting production of cytokines, positive regulation of cell cycle, and upregulation of anti-apoptotic factors to influence survival of T-cells. Markedly increased tumor inhibition effects and prolonged survival were observed in vivo in humanized mouse model. By extra engagement of a co-stimulatory receptor to prolong the survival of activated T cells, our study has proposed another possibility to extend the pharmacology effect of tandem single-chain variable fragments (scFv)-based antibody, which is worthy of further exploration in clinical trial settings.
Cooperative Au/Ag Dual-Catalyzed Cross-Dehydrogenative Biaryl Coupling: Reaction Development and Mechanistic Insight

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

An operationally simple and highly selective Au/Ag bimetallic-catalyzed cross-dehydrogenative biaryl coupling between pyrazoles and fluoroarenes has been developed. With this reaction, a wide range of biheteroaryl products can be obtained in moderate to good yields with excellent functional group compatibility. The exact role of silver salts, previously overlooked in most gold-catalyzed transformations, has been carefully investigated in this biaryl coupling. Insightful experimental and theoretical studies indicate that silver acetate is the actual catalyst for C-H activation of electron-poor arenes, rather than the previously reported gold(I)-catalyzed process. An unprecedented Au/Ag dual catalysis is proposed, in which silver(I) is responsible for the activation of electron-poor fluoroarenes via a concerted metalation-deprotonation pathway, and gold(III) is responsible for the activation of electron-rich pyrazoles via an electrophilic aromatic substitution process. Kinetic studies reveal that ArFnAu(III)-mediated C-H activation of pyrazoles is most likely the rate-limiting step.
Algorithm to position an object moving in the low-frequency electromagnetic field

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Consideration was given to the problem of relative positioning with the use of alternating magnetic field. The problem was shown to be solvable using a system of three magnetic dipoles emitting magnetic field at different frequencies. Ambiguity of its solution was discussed, and ways to resolve it were proposed. An algorithm for relative positioning based on the solution of this problem was proposed. Error equations of the positioning algorithm and the results of their analysis were presented. Some issues of practical application of this algorithm were discussed.
Enhanced biosorption in a re-configured wastewater treatment process

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Biosorption in wastewater treatment process is described as the phenomenon where biomass uptakes carbonaceous substrates from the wastewater in a rapid manner. In this research, instead of a single physical-chemical phenomenon, biosorption is recognized as the combination of three sub mechanisms, including surface sorption, bioaccumulation and EPS entrapment. Both overall biosorption performances as well as the contribution from each sub mechanism were investigated with respect to biomass surface area; biomass surface charge as well as biomass EPS production. Three types of biomass (e.g. activated sludge, anaerobic sludge and glycogen accumulating organism (GAO)) was employed for the investigation. Lab data suggested that GAO demonstrated much more substantial biosorption capacity than other two biomass did and was strongly recommended for the potential industrial application. Investigation on biosorption enhancement was also conducted. Two possible approaches were proposed: 1. Enhanced biosorption by glycogen accumulating organism (GAO); 2. Enhanced biosorption by normal activated sludge via process manipulation. For the second approach, following parameters were selected for process manipulation purpose: F/M ratio; dissolved oxygen level; sludge retention time and pH (short term). The experiment data shows that GAO delivered the best overall performance ranging from 45.77 to 56.48 mg COD/g SS at the pH range between 6 to 8, as compared with the performance of aerobic sludge (from 26.54 to 30. 27 mg COD/g SS) as well as the performance of anaerobic sludge (from 24.31 to 27.82 mg COD/g SS). It is also suggested that biosorption generally delivers the best performance when activated sludge was cultivated under low F/M and long SRT conditions. At such conditions, activated sludge delivered an overall biosorption capacity of 57.2 mg COD/g SS at pH=7 and 59.8 mg COD/g SS at pH=8. In addition, a re-configured wastewater treatment process is subsequently proposed to exploit the biosorption phenomenon. Through enhanced biosorption, the proposed re-configured process is anticipated to achieve smaller carbon footprint by concentrating organic substrate in the biosorption tank with biomass cultivated under specific conditions and thereafter have this carbon-rich biomass bypass the typical activated sludge process (aeration stage) to flow directly into anaerobic digesters for methane generation. This research also highlighted that influent wastewater characteristics in terms of particulate, colloidal, and dissolved carbonaceous materials, shall need to be taken into consideration when choosing the suitable operating conditions for preparing the biomass for biosorption.
Above-gap quasiparticle excitations in disordered graphene junctions

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The behavior of superconducting graphene junctions is governed by the electrical transparency of the superconductor–graphene interface. When the transparency is reduced, a finite quasiparticle density emerges that strongly modifies charge transport. We show that graphene junctions with reduced contact transparency exhibit above-gap resistance peaks forming complex current- and magnetic field-dependent diamond-shaped interference patterns across devices with different transparencies. These features are quantitatively explained by Tomasch and McMillan–Rowell oscillations, identifying quasiparticle interference as their origin. These findings underscore the limited understanding of quasiparticle processes in diffusive superconducting junctions, which hold implications for research on superconducting quantum information architectures and their applications.
Serotonin: Origins, Roles, and Toxic Effects

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Through its imperative modulatory and regulatory role in supporting life, serotonin has heavily influenced a number of functions within the body since its evolutionary beginnings. The discovery of this indolamine in the brain has led to much research in exploring its role within the synapse and receptors. The receptors themselves are associated with an array of phenomena and behaviours, which are also influenced by the locations in which the serotonergic projections innervate. The 5-HT1A¸and 5-HT2A receptors have primarily been the target of research, as they have been implicated in affecting psychological states such as empathy, anxiety, and depression; imperative life functions such as sleep and hunger; and basic psychological functions such as inhibition and control. Despite all the beneficial functions serotonin can contribute to, overstimulation of serotonin can lead to life-threatening conditions such as serotonin syndrome. Dangerous but treatable if attended to in time, the syndrome provides a drastic example of how crucial serotonin’s role is within the body. Given its impact on maintaining life, more research must be conducted to fill in the gaps of the current literature and to produce viable treatments for serotonin syndrome.
An iron(iii)-centred ferric wheel Fe⊂{Fe6} with a siloxane-based bis-salicylidene Schiff base

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A new iron(iii)-centred ferric wheel Fe⊂{Fe}6 of the formula [Fe7(H2L)6(NCS)6](ClO4)3·10H2O, where H4L = N,N′-bis(3-carboxylsalicylidene)-1,3-bis(3-aminopropyl)tetramethyldisiloxane, was synthesised and fully characterised.
Detection and Detoxification of Aflatoxin B1 from Fish Feedstuff Using Microwave and Ozone Gas

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The current study was designed to investigate the occurrence of aflatoxin B1 in thirty two samples of fish feedstuff were collected randomly from some Iraqi local markets using ELISA technique. Aflatoxin B1 was detected in thirty samples and the concentration of toxin ranged from 50 ppb to 1000 ppb. Microwave and ozone were used for detoxification of aflatoxin B1 from sample with highest concentration (1000 ppb), two degree of temperature and two times (50Â°C and 100Â°C for 5 minute and 10 minute to each degree) of microwave, also two doses and two times (2 g and 4 g for 5 minute and 10 minute to each dose) of ozone gas were used. Degradation of aflatoxin B1 by microwave has been found to cause a significant (P â‰¤ 0.05) decrease of aflatoxin B1, Moreover, the concentration of aflatoxin B1 was dependent on temperature degrees and exposure time, also sample subjected to ozone gas caused a significant (P â‰¤ 0.05) decrease in aflatoxin B1 contents and the concentration of aflatoxin B1 was dependent on doses and times of exposure. Results showed that ozone gas was more effective in aflatoxin B1 reduction when compared with microwave.
Imaging Neuronal Activity with Calcium Indicators in Larval Zebrafish

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

INTRODUCTION The ability to image neuronal activity with single-cell resolution in fish is a powerful tool for investigating the neuronal basis of behavior in normal and mutant lines of fish. This protocol describes a method for using calcium indicators to monitor neuronal activity in transparent larval zebrafish. The imaging process involves collecting a confocal time series from the cells of interest. The behavior of interest is elicited during the time series to determine whether the cells increase in intensity in association with the behavior.