jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The relevance of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in obesity and adipose tissue physiology

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), regarded as the third gasotransmitter, plays diverse physiological and pathological roles in the body along with another two gasotransmitters, including nitric oxide (NO) and carbon monoxide (CO). Endogenous H2S metabolisms (production and catabolism) take part in both normal physiology and in some human disorders. Manipulation of H2S levels by inhibiting H2S synthesis or administration of H2S-releasing molecules revealed beneficial as well as harmful effects of H2S. However, the impact of H2S in the pathophysiology of obesity and its importance in the physiology of human adipose tissue has been scarcely investigated. Here we aimed to investigate circulating H2S according to obesity, and the impact of H2S on adipocyte and adipose tissue physiology. Altogether, this doctorate thesis provides sound and novel proofs addressing the role of H2S in the pathophysiology of obesity and its importance in the physiology of human adipose tissue, including the discovery of increased circulating serum sulfide concentrations in subjects with morbid obesity in proportion to fat mass, and unravels the importance of H2S-synthesizing enzymes and H2S as a previously unrecognized targets in the modulation of human adipocyte physiology
Battlefield ethics training: integrating ethical scenarios in high-intensity military field exercises

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

There is growing evidence that modern missions have added stresses and ethical complexities not seen in previous military operations and that there are links between battlefield stressors and ethical lapses. Military ethicists have concluded that the ethical challenges of modern missions are not well addressed by current military ethics educational programs. Integrating the extant research in the area, we propose that scenario-based operational ethics training in high-intensity military field training settings may be an important adjunct to traditional military ethics education and training. We make the case as to why this approach will enhance ethical operational preparation for soldiers, supporting their psychological well-being as well as mission effectiveness.
Optimizing the sound pressure levels at low frequency limits of electrodynamic loudspeakers

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper focuses on reproducible low frequency ranges of electrodynamic loudspeaker drivers. The research findings lead to a guide that allows the optimal driver to be selected at the early stages of the design when the consumer electronic products such as home theater systems, digital TVs or PC speakers are being considered. The suggested frequency ranges are based on the acoustics and estimated from statistical data from 1,473 loudspeaker drivers of various sizes. In particular, the lower frequency limit is discussed together with the peak volume displacement which is closely related to the maximum reproducible sound pressure in a loudspeaker.
Normalized Shear Modulus and Damping Ratio of Soil–Rock Mixtures With Different Volumetric Block Proportions

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The volume fraction of rock blocks plays a particularly significant role in static/dynamic shear behaviors of soil–rock mixtures (SRM). Large-scale cyclic triaxial tests for SRM with different volumetric block proportions (VBPs) were performed at different confining pressures to investigate the reduction of dynamic shear modulus (G) and the increase of damping ratio (λ). Results indicate that VBP has a significant effect on the dynamic behaviors of SRM. The higher VBP is more likely to result in a gentler reduction of G and a faster increase of λ. The variations of dynamic shear modulus ratio (G/G 0 ) and normalized damping ratio (λ nor ) fall within relatively narrow bands but are very different with gravelly soils and sands due to VBP with particle size larger than 2 mm. The G/G0 and λ nor can be characterized by empirical functions about normalized shear strain amplitude (γ nor ).
Ascertaining and improving the quality of the course AC208, Company Law.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Using questionaires surveys are done on year 2 and 3 accountancy students, accountancy graduates who are working in the public accounting firms and the employers of these accountancy graduates to gather their opinions about the quality of the course AC208. Quality is measured in terms of whether AC208 provides the students with the types of knowledge and the level of understanding, thus application of these knowledge, that the students or the potential employers of these student expect the course to provide. The results show that employers generally feel that quality is only average. While students and graduates feel that AC208 is of good quality, they also show some dissatisfaction with certain aspects with the way the course is conducted or assessed. These dissatisfaction represent areas that NTU can improve on, thus improve the quality in the eyes of the employers.
Acute phase proteins in endemic chronic liver diseases.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Forty patients with chronic liver disease and ten normal controls were investigated for acute phase proteins. Mixed schistosomal cases with chronic hepatitis or cirrhosis showed more marked changes, while pure schistosomal group showed serum levels closer to normal values. This could be a differentiating point between the two categories. Also the more significant changes in the mixed groups indicate more involvement of the immune system in the pathogenesis of those groups.
GBT-Based Vibration Analysis Using the Exact Element Method

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Generalized Beam Theory (GBT), intended to analyze the structural behavior of prismatic thin-walled members and structural systems, expresses the member deformed configuration as a combination of cross-section deformation modes multiplied by the corresponding longitudinal amplitude functions. The determination of the latter, often the most computer-intensive step of the analysis, is almost always performed by means of GBT-based “conventional” 1D (beam) finite elements. This paper presents the formulation, implementation and application of the so-called “exact element method” in the framework of GBT-based elastic free vibration analyses. This technique, originally proposed by Eisenberger (1990), uses the power series method to solve the governing differential equations and obtains the vibration eigenvalue problem from the boundary terms. A few illustrative numerical examples are presented, focusing mainly on the comparison between the combined accuracy and computational effort associated with the determination of vibration solutions with the exact and conventional GBT-based (finite) elements. This comparison shows that the GBT-based exact element method may lead to significant computational savings, particularly when the vibration modes exhibit large half-wave numbers.
Comparative study of the efficacy of different regimens of intermittent subcutaneous dosing of erythropoietin β in treatment of renal anemia in chronic dialysis patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction. The use of erythropoietin (EPO) in the treatment of renal anemia is justified by more than 15 years of experience. Clinical trials have shown that subcutaneous erythropoietin beta (Recormon - F. Hoffmann-La Roche) therapy once weekly, or even once every two weeks has proven successful. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of different regimes of Recormon therapy in maintaining stable levels, of hemoglobin (Hb) and hematocrit (HCT) in hemodialysis patients. Material and methods. An open, comparative, multicenter study was divied into three arms of patients and lasted for 24 weeks, 98 patients with stable Hb level (>100 g/l), were treated with a stable dose of Recormon, and had a ferritin level > 200 fig/l and transferring saturation >20%. During the first 8 weeks all were on the usual 2-3 times weekly epo dosage. 8 weeks later, 70 patients received epo once weekly, while 28 patients (group 1) maintained the same regimen for the entire study period. After another 8 weeks, 21 of those 70 patients receiving epo once weekly, received it once every two weeks (group 3), while 49 patients continued once weekly regimen to the end of the trial (group 2). The primary efficacy parameter was the percentage of patients maintaining their target Hb and HCT levels (>100 g/l and >30% for HB and HCT respectively). Results. 86 patients (87.75%) completed the study (25 from group 1, 42 from group 2 and 19 from group 3). One patient was excluded because he was transplanted during the study, one due to uncontrolled hypertension, while 10 patients, all from the same center, were excluded due to protocol violation (4-week gap in epo therapy due to problems with epo supply). Efficacy analysis included perprotocol population (86 patients). Hb levels remained stable (>100 g/l) in all three groups. Although there were statistically significant differences in Hb levels between visits (p=0,026), there were no statistically significant differences between groups throughout the study (p=0,439). HCT levels remained stable (>30%) in all three groups throughout the study, without statistically significant differences between visits (p=0,053) and between groups (p=0,155). The average epo doses were not statistically significantly different between visits (p=0,676) or between groups (p=0,512). The main tolerability parameters: sitting systolic (SSBP) and diastolic (SDBP) blood pressures were monitored at all visits. Statistical analysis showed that there were no differences in SSBP or SDBP between visits or groups of patients throughout the study. Conclusion All three dosing regimens of subcutaneous epo beta were statistically equivalent in maintaining target Hb and HCT levels. Once weekly or once every two weeks administration of epo beta does not lead to dose increase, and provides greater opportunities to individualize treatment for every single patient and may lead to better compliance. .
Selected Data from the MIS 5.5 (or MIS 5e) marine deposits of the Canary Islands, Spain.

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

This data set contains a selection of reliable data from the Marine Isotope Stage MIS 5.5, or MIS 5e, marine sites of paleontological and paleoclimatic interest from the Canary Islands, Spain. There are three sections: (1) Topographical Location of the selected sites, in terms of UTM coordinates and heights (m), above the present medium sea level (a.p.s.l.); (2) Geology and Radiometric ages, including a short geological description of the marine deposits, their radiometric ages and dating methods; (3) Paleontology and Paleoclimate, with a summary of the main fossil fauna, species and/or subspecies, collected from the sites and properly classified in accordance with the Systematic Paleontology; and an interpretation of the paleoclimatic conditions at the time the fossils lived and were deposited. Moreover, when available, values of SST (Sea Surface Temperature) have been also calculated (or estimated). Each section is presented with their available scientific source(s).
PMBL: flying under the immune radar

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In this issue of Blood, Mottok et al present a large case series of well defined primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma (PMBL) that includes whole genome sequencing of all 94 cases and molecular confirmation of diagnosis in 73 cases.1,2 The resulting mutation and copy number data are correlated with gene expression signatures, which confirm previous correlations using smaller data sets as well as extend the description of mechanisms of immune evasion and driver mutations. Altogether, this highly annotated and large PMBL case series should provide a rich and definitive data set for genetic research in this disease.
HIV-1 drug resistance in primary infections in the UK

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

EDITOR—The UK Collaborative Group on Monitoring the Transmission of HIV Drug Resistance reports an estimated prevalence of transmitted HIV drug resistance in 2000 of 27%.1

In an ongoing study of acute primary HIV infection at St Mary's Hospital, London, England, we have identified 28 seroconverters since January 2000. All patients sequenced to date (15/28) have no evidence of drug resistant mutations in either reverse transcriptase or protease before …
Post Merger Integration Leader and Acquisition Success: A Theoretical Model of Perceived Linkages to Success of Mergers and Acquisitions

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

It had become very clear that the post-merger integration process play an important role in realizing acquisition synergies identified at the outset of a merger thereby increasing the likelihood of merger success. While the general breadth of the topic post-merger integration is quite large, this study is focused more narrowly on the post-merger integration leadership. The extant literature of post-merger leadership identified a menu of leader competencies which were deemed important and were perceived to have a favorable influence on merger success. Leveraging on previous research, this study posited and tested a theory which examined whether or not a select set of post -merger integration (PMI) leader competencies positively influence merger success. The multiple case study based findings along with other potential explanations of the study outcomes are discussed. The findings also help the PMI leader selection process by delineating a set of empirically tested set of leader competencies which may result in influencing merger success.
Glimpse of Metabolic-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease [MASLD] in Myanmar

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The hospital-based retrospective descriptive study was done to determine the characteristic and associated factors of MASLD in 817 patients at Yangon Gastrointestinal and Liver Center, Myanmar from April 2017 to Jun 2022. Male and female patients were 427 [52.3%] and 390 [47.7%], respectively. Their steatosis grades were 39.3% in S0, 11.6% in S1, 16.4 in S2 and 32.7% in S3 groups. For fibrosis, F0F1 patients were 89.4%. Twenty-nine patients were F4 stage Cirrhosis. Their mean age at the time of diagnosis was 46.63 [SD ±11.583] years, between 16 to 77 years. Body Mass Index [p<0.001] and Fibroscan-CAP score [p=0.015] were different between sex. Hb A1C, lipid profile, ALT and AST were not statistically different between sex. Steatosis grading [S0, S1, S2 and S3] was associated with BMI [p<0.001] and HbA1C [p=0.003]. Positive correlations were found between Fibroscan-CAP score and age at the time of diagnosis, BMI and HbA1C [p<0.01]. Steatosis grading was associated with HbA1C [p=0.004] and BMI [p<0.001]. Fibrosis staging was associated with HbA1C [p<0.001] and BMI [p=0.007]. Older age patients were more likely to have higher BMI, HbA1C, steatosis grading and fibrosis staging. Overweight and elevated HbA1C patients tend to have higher steatosis grading and fibrosis staging.
PREPARATION OF 3(β)-HYDROXY-Δ5-ALLOCHOLENIC ACID FROM HYODESOXYCHOLIC ACID

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Journal Article PREPARATION OF 3(β)-HYDROXY-Δ5-ALLOCHOLENIC ACID FROM HYODESOXYCHOLIC ACID Get access KYUTARO SHIMIZU KYUTARO SHIMIZU Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Okayama UniversityOkayama Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar The Journal of Biochemistry, Volume 40, Issue 1, January 1953, Pages 75–79, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a126345 Published: 01 January 1953 Article history Received: 22 October 1952 Published: 01 January 1953
COMPARATIVE EFFICACY AND ACCEPTABILITY OF ANTIHYPERTENSIVE DRUG CLASS COMBINATIONS FOR CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE PREVENTION: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND NETWORK META-ANALYSIS

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: European guidelines recommend combination therapy for most hypertensive patients, but direct comparisons between major drug class combinations are lacking. Our aim was to compare the efficacy and acceptability of different drug class combinations. Design and method: We performed a systematic review and network meta-analysis guided by the recommendations from the Cochrane collaboration. We included all trials assessing any antihypertensive drug combination against another combination, single agent or placebo, with at least 1000 patient-years of follow-up in each treatment arm. Risk of bias was assessed using Cochrane Collaborations RoB2 tool, excluding trials at high risk of bias from the analysis. Odds ratios from individual trials were pooled using random-effects network meta-analysis, with composite major cardiovascular events as the primary outcome for efficacy, and treatment discontinuation as the primary outcome for acceptability. Results: 85 trials, including 406 067 participants followed for an average of 4.0 years, were included in the analysis. Mean age was 64.0 years and 41% percent were women. Overall, 15 different drug classes, drug class combinations and placebo were included in the network. Direct comparisons between dug class combinations were sparse, and there were signs of inconsistency between direct and indirect comparisons, particularly for acceptability. The main results are presented in figure 1. Combination therapy using renin-angiotensin system inhibitors (RASi) and calcium channel blockers (CCB) appeared most effective in preventing major cardiovascular events, followed by a combination of thiazide and potassium-sparring diuretics. The combination of RASi and diuretics appeared least effective among combinations studied. For acceptability, no combination differed significantly compared to placebo, although combinations including an angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) trended towards being more acceptable, and combinations including and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor trended towards being less acceptable, compared to placebo. Conclusions: In this first network meta-analysis of antihypertensive drug combinations, RASi + CCB appears most effective in preventing major cardiovascular events. Based on a more beneficial acceptability profile, combinations including ARB may be preferred over combinations including ACEi, although these findings should be interpreted with caution due to lack of direct comparisons.
Total antioxidant capacity is impaired in different structures from aged rat brain

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract Our data support a disproportion between free radicals levels and scavenging systems activity in different cerebral regions of the aging rat. We investigated the total reactive antioxidant potential and reactivity levels, which represent the total antioxidant capacity, in different cerebral regions of the aging rat (cortex, striatum, hippocampus and the cerebellum). In addition, we have determined several oxidative stress parameters, specifically the free radicals levels, the macromolecules damage (lipid peroxidation and carbonyl content), as well as the antioxidant enzymes activities in different cerebral areas from young (2 months‐old), mature adult (6 months‐old) and old (24 months‐old) male Wistar rats. Free radicals levels, determined by 2′,7′‐dichlorofluorescein diacetate probe, were higher in striatum, cerebellum and hippocampus from aged rats. There was an age‐related increase in lipoperoxidation in hippocampus and cerebral cortex. In the cerebellum, a high activity of superoxide dismutase and a decrease of catalase activity were observed. The striatum exhibited a significant catalase activity decrease; and glutathione peroxidase activity was diminished in the hippocampus of mature and aged rats. There was a marked decrease of total antioxidant capacity in hippocampus in both reactivity and potential levels, whereas striatum and cerebral cortex displayed a reduction on reactivity assay. We suggest that age‐related variations of total antioxidant defenses in brain may predispose structures to oxidative stress‐related neurodegenerative disorders.
X-ray Hotspot Flares and Implications for Cosmic Ray Acceleration and magnetic field amplification in Supernova Remnants

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

For more than fifty years, it has been believed that cosmic ray (CR) nuclei are accelerated to high energies in the rapidly expanding shockwaves created by powerful supernova explosions. Yet observational proof of this conjecture is still lacking. Recently, Uchiyama and collaborators reported the detection of small-scale X-ray flares in one such supernova remnant, dubbed “RX J1713-3946 ” (a.k.a. G347.3-0.5), which also emits very energetic, TeV (1012 eV) range, gamma-rays. They contend that the variability of these X-ray “hotspots ” implies that the magnetic field in the remnant is about a hundred times larger than normally assumed; and this, they say, means that the detected TeV range photons were produced in energetic nuclear interactions, providing “a strong argument for acceleration of protons and nuclei to energies of 1 PeV (1015 eV) and beyond in young supernova remnants. &quot; We point out here that the existing multiwavelength data on this object certainly do not support such conclusions. Though intriguing, the small-scale X-ray flares are not the long sought-after “smoking gun ” of nucleonic CR acceleration in SNRs.
Cell Adhesion, Separation and Guidance in Compatible Plant Reproduction

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract The sections in this article are Introduction Pollen Formation and Microspore Separation Pollen–Stigma Adhesion and Pollen Tube Guidance Adhesion and Guidance of Pollen Tubes in the Style Cell Wall Modifying Proteins and Pollen Tube Growth in the ECM Pollen Tube Adhesion, Interaction and Guidance in the Ovary Conclusions and Perspectives Acknowledgements
Abstract 4201: Activation of p90 ribosomal S6 kinase (RSK) and downstream targets are directly regulated by S100B protein in malignant melanoma

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract S100B is an effective and extensively used prognostic marker for melanoma, with increasing serum levels of S100B being predictive of disease stage, increased recurrence, and low overall patient survival. We have recently identified a mechanism by which S100B alters ERK-RSK signaling to facilitate the progression of melanoma. Elucidation of this novel mechanism will aid the development of new pharmacological drugs to inhibit tumor progression. We have identified and characterized several ERK-RSK downstream targets regulated by S100B expression. These data are consistent with a mechanism in which elevated S100B binds directly to RSK in a calcium-dependent manner to prevent ERK-mediated phosphorylation of RSK. Our structural studies have further elucidated the S100B-RSK interaction as a novel drug target in melanoma cells and we are currently screening compounds for inhibitors of the S100B-RSK interaction. Citation Format: Adam D. Pierce. Activation of p90 ribosomal S6 kinase (RSK) and downstream targets are directly regulated by S100B protein in malignant melanoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4201. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4201