jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Making Smart Investment Decisions in Clinical Research

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A recent trial in rheumatoid arthritis found an inexpensive, but infrequently used, combination of therapies is neither inferior nor less safe than an expensive biologic drug. If the trial had been conducted over 10 years ago, arguably 100’s of millions of dollars since spent on biologics could have been released to other, more effective treatments. Given the ever increasing number of trials proposed, this commentary uses the trial as an example to challenge payers and research funders to make smarter investments in clinical research to save potential future costs.
OPERATIVE NEUROSURGERY Vol. 2. Posterior Fossa, Spinal Cord and Peripheral Nerve Disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

makes plain how much easier artificial respiration is when respiratory failure is due to neuromuscular disease than when it is due to disease of the lungs.The style is simple, almost conversational, and there are ample illustrations which serve to demonstrate graphically problems which may be difficult to describe succinctly in the text.Laplace's law governs the pressure inside a bubble which an al- veolus closely resembles, and the surfactant, without which lungs will not expand, affects the working of this law in the lungs.The relationship can be difficult to ex- plain, but the author achieves it well with a diagram of two hands squeezing two balloons.He has a similar faci- lity for illustrating other problems.References for each chapter are limited but include most of the basic work.The book can be recommended as a valuable introduc- tion to the subject.
Effect of the Prostaglandin Derivative Prostaglandin E2-Glyceryl-Ester on the human P2Y6-Receptor and its Importance during Urinary Tract Infections

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Prostanoid and purinergic signalling are essential for the proinflammatory component of acute and chronic kidney disease. Nucleotides are released early in response to cell perturbation, whereas the prostaglandin system is activated downstream. Interestingly, a direct effect of the COX-2 product prostaglandin E2-1-glyceryl ester (PGE2-G) on the UDP-sensitive P2Y6 receptor expressed in the proximal tubule is suggested. Thus, we hypothesized that PGE2-G amplifies renal inflammation directly via P2Y6-receptor activation. To verify the PGE2-G mediated P2Y6 activation, we used 132-1N1 astrocytoma cells devoid of P2 receptors for specific expression of the P2Y6 receptor. We monitored [Ca2+]i signalling by both life-cell microscopy and plate reader by detection of Fluo-4 fluorescence in human P2Y6 expressing 132-1N1 cells (hP2Y6 cells). Wild type 132-1N1 cells (WT cells) were used as negative control. The hP2Y6 cells were activated by UDP in a concentration-dependent manner. WT cells did not react to UDP but to carbachol. Surprisingly, stimulation of hP2Y6 cells with PGE2-G from several batches in concentrations from 10-11 to 10-6 M did not inflict any change in [Ca2+]i. We observed a PGE2-G-induced [Ca2+]i increase compared to vehicle control at concentrations of 10-4 M dissolved in DMSO. However, we detected a completely similar response in WT cells. PGE2-G in our preparations was confirmed by HPLC. Thus, our data cannot confirm a direct effect of PGE2-G on P2Y6 receptors and thus, does not support that this type of signalling is relevant during renal inflammation.
Resilience of operated tunnels under extreme surcharge: field study

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

To date, Shanghai has built an intensive network of metro tunnel system. In the operation of such a complex tunnel system, the vulnerability and the recovery of the segmental linings subjected to unexpected disruptions are badly concerned by the engineers and owners. In this respect, the analysis of segmental lining resilience, i.e., the ability to absorb the disruption caused by the hazards and then the ability to recover to the acceptable level of the functionality, is necessary for the safety of the tunnels. In Shanghai, from time to time, some dumped soils from construction site elsewhere are found to be disposed without permission at the ground surface above the operated tunnels. When the volume of these dumped soils are significantly large, e.g., a height of 5-8m, it will inevitably do threats to the safety of the underlying operated tunnels. In this paper, the resilience of the segmental lining system subjected to this unexpected extreme surcharge loads will be characterized with a real field case in Shanghai. The convergence deformation is regarded as the functionality of tunnels. The functionality curve is described using the measured data from a detailed monitoring program. The unloading of the dumped soils above the surface and the grouting around tunnel from surface are the two recovery measures both implemented in this field case. The calculated metric of resilience indicates that the functionality of the tunnels can be bounced back significantly using these two recovery measures. Besides, the rapidity of the recovery of these two measures is compared. Finally, some discussion and concluding remarks on the resilience of operated tunnels subjected to this extreme surcharge load are presented.
Effect of Different Seed Rate and Spacing on Yield and Economics of Ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc) Cultivation

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The experiment was carried out with the aim to study on the effect of different seed rate and spacing on yield of ginger. The experiment was carried out at the Horticultural Research Station, Mondouri, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia, and West Bengal during the year 2013-14 and 2014-15. The variety ‘cv. Gorubathan’ was used under the study. These experiment shows that among the five different spacing (20 x 15 cm, 20 x 20 cm, 25 x 20 cm, 25 x 25 cm and 30 x 20 cm) and two seed rhizome size (20g and 30 g), increasing trend in yield per plant was observed with increase in spacing. The plants raised from the bigger seed rhizome (30 g) produced bigger clump 276.13 g. In case of interaction effect, closest spacing (20 x 15 cm) in combination with bigger seed rhizome (30 g) produced highest yield per ha of 13.95 t and 11.04 t. It was observed that maximum cost of cultivation were recorded (Rs. 104,312/-) and (Rs. 101146/-) in both the year respectively with 20x15cm spacing and 30g seed size. The benefit: cost ratio was highest in P5S1 (2.16 and2.29) followed by P4S1 (2.12 and 2.27) in the respective years.
Global Strategies for Population Management of Domestic Cats (Felis catus): A Systematic Review to Inform Best Practice Management for Remote Indigenous Communities in Australia

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Pet domestic cat (Felis catus) populations are increasing all around the world, resulting in an increase in contact with humans and wildlife, potentially spreading zoonotic diseases and predating on wildlife. With the recently identified rise in cat populations in remote Indigenous communities in Australia, culturally appropriate cat population management strategies are required. A systematic review process was conducted to review the current global cat population management practices that are suitable for owned, free-roaming cat populations in these communities. Eight articles on in-situ field cat populations and five studies simulating computer modelled cat populations reported results of 66 population management interventions. Surgical Sterilisation (SS) was used in all socialised owned cat articles. The trap–neuter–release (TNR) method was used most frequently on unsocialised cats and gained the best results when the trap–remove (TR) method was used concurrently to adopt out unwanted social cats and euthanise ill or injured cats. The results of this review suggest that long-term TNR/SS programs supplemented with TR provide the current most ethically sound best practice, humane method of managing cat populations in remote Australian Indigenous communities. It is also recognised that no one plan will fit all, and that further research on the micro-level techniques used to deploy both TNR and TR needs to occur, and that culturally appropriate community consultation during all processes is vital in achieving a sustainable management program.
Unigene of passion fruit chilling stress

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Chilling stress (CS) is an important limiting factor for the growth and development of passion fruit (Passiflora edulis) in winter in south China. However, little is known about how the passion fruit responds and adapts to CS. In this study, we performed transcriptome sequencing of Huangjinguo (HJG, cold-susceptible) and Tainong 1 (TN1, cold-tolerant) under normal temperature (NT) and CS conditions, and a total of 47,353 unigenes were obtained in 7 databases. Using differentially expressed unigenes (DEGs) analysis, 3,248 and 4,340 DEGswere identified at two stages, respectively. The Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis showed that the DEGs were mainly related to phosphorylation, membrane protein, and catalytic activity. In Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway, the unigenes of plant-pathogen interaction, plant hormone signal transduction and fatty acid metabolism were enriched.Then, the 12,471 filtered unigenes were divided into 8 co-expression modules, and two of which were correlated with CS. In the two modules, 32 hub unigenes were obtained. Furthermore, the unigenes related to CS were validated using quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR). This work showed that the expression levels of CS-related unigenes were very different in two passion fruit cultivars. The results provide information for the development of passion fruit with increased chilling tolerance.
Context-sensitive Assistance in Requirements-based Knowledge Management

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, a concept of a digital assistance system is presented which, based on computer linguistic methods, supports the user in the tasks of requirement-based knowledge management. The concept is divided into six modules that offer context-sensitive support in the identification, documentation, linking, modification and reuse of requirements and the associated knowledge. Since this concept was developed as part of the BMBF-funded SME Innovative Project DAM4KMU, which is primarily aimed at German SMEs, the concept developed was specially designed for processing German-language texts.
Gender Differences in the Prevalence of Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) Risks Among Working-age Population in Malaysia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This article aims to determine the gender differences in the common CVD risk prevalence among the working-age population in Malaysia. A national survey was conducted in 2019 using a validated questionnaire and several clinical measurements. The prevalence of eight CVD risks and the prevalence of more than three CVD risks by gender were calculated via a complex sample design using IBM SPSS version 25. Females were noted to have a significantly higher prevalence of hypercholesterolemia (40.3% versus 29.0%; p<0.001), abdominal obesity (62.5% versus 39.8%; p<0.001), BMI of 25 kg/m2 and above (55.1% versus 45.9%; p<0.001) and physically inactivity (25.4% versus 18.6%; p<0.001) compared to males. In contrast, males significantly showed a higher prevalence of current smokers (45.3% versus 1.3%; p<0.001) and current drinkers (18.2 versus 7.1%; p<0.001) compared to females. For diabetes mellitus and hypertension, males and females had nearly similar prevalences and were statistically insignificant (14.4% versus 14.9%; p=0.579 and 24.2% versus 22.1%; p=0.112, respectively). The prevalence of those with more than three CVD risks was significantly higher among males compared to females (7.4% versus 4.7%; p<0.001). Gender differences were observed in the prevalence of hypercholesterolemia, abdominal obesity, BMI of 25 kg/m2 and above, physical inactivity, current tobacco smoker and current drinker among working-age population in Malaysia.
Black Memory versus State Memory: Notes toward a Method

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In addition to providing some conceptual and theoretical cues from fiction, literary and visual criticism, history, and philosophy that treat the subject of memory, this paper provides an outline of a critical method to distinguish among various deployments of black memory. This paper highlights and explores some of the tensions between state and popular memory in the discourses of transnational black politics, as well as in the development and circulation of state sanctioned national history within national societies.
Vitex agnus castus -An overview

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Vitex agnus castus was already in ancient medicinal art as an official medicinal plant and is named in the work of Hippocrates, Dioskurides, Theophrastus and others. This review attempts to encompass the available literature on Vitex agnus castus with respect to its pharmacognostic characters, traditional uses, chemical constituents and summary of various pharmacological activities and clinical effects. Other aspects such as toxicology and precautions are also discussed.
Introduction

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract THE arrival of Napoleon’s forces on the Piazza di San Marco on 13 May 1797 may have ensured the unexpected—but possibly inevitable—suppression, annihilation, and loss to present-day human history of the story of the civilization of Venice. A curious amnesia among historians surrounds Venetian history, despite the steady flow of publications about Venice both in the popular press and in more serious historical and cultural works, most of which merely borrow from earlier studies. This scholarly lacuna is particularly characteristic of present understandings of four of the most prominent cultural foundations or comprehensive charitable institutions for the unique civilization of Venice after its decline as a dominant world power: the ospedali grandi. Those complex comprehensive welfare institutions sponsored sacred and secular, vocal and instrumental ensembles which originated as choirs, or cori, for the performance of liturgical music in the chapels and churches annexed to them.
Competencies for successful self-regulated learning in higher education: structural model and indications drawn from expert interviews

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

A global characteristic of higher education is the opportunity and necessity for students to self-regulate their learning. In contrast to considerable research focusing on self-regulated learning (SRL) from a behavioural perspective, little is known concerning the underlying competencies which enable students to succeed in SRL. A structural model is proposed that differentiates SRL competencies in terms of descriptive, procedural, and conditional knowledge regarding different types of self-regulation strategies in different phases of the learning process. Indications drawn from semi-structured interviews with N = 108 experts (39 lecturers and 69 as excellent nominated students) from 4 fields of study are in line with core assumptions of the proposed model. Moreover, the results provide a basis to ensure the content validity of assessments of students' SRL competencies and from which to derive standards to judge these competencies.
The Millennium Villages Project: A protocol for the final evaluation – Tanzania

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The Registry for International Development Impact Evaluations (RIDIE), is a project of the International Initiative for Impact Evaluation (3ie). RIDIE is a registry of impact evaluations related to development in low and middle income countries. The purpose of the registry is to enhance the transparency and quality of evaluation research as well as to provide a repository of impact evaluation studies for researchers, funders, and others.
Maturity of F1 grape hybrids originated in Pink Traminer

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In eight hybrid combinations in which one of the parents (either maternal of paternal) was cv. Pink Traminer (Gewurztraminer), 2.284 F1 individuals have been analyzed concerning the maturity of grapes. Obvious differences were noted among different combinations and within the same combination, depending on whether Pink Traminer had been used as a maternal or paternal genitor. These data suggest a possible maternal effect on the analyzed characteristic. Grape maturity seemed to be polygenicall inherited, heritability (in broad sense) showing high values while the one in narrow sense small and very small values, suggesting that additivity is not playing the most important role in the inheritance of this character in grapes.
Movement symmetry and asymmetry of goal shots in female football at European championships and at World Cup : sport science

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study examined the phenomenon of symmetrical skills in goal shot technique in female football players, of nine video recorded matches. The recording was taken during the 2nd Under 19 female football World Cup in 2004 and the 6th European female Championships of female seniors in 2005. The study comprised field zones, goal sectors and topography of scored goals. It was carried out with the use of match observation sheets. Results of observations pointed to clear domination of shots made with the right leg - 73.8% in female juniors and a slightly smaller domination - 68.6% in female seniors. Full movements symmetry was found in young Brazilian female football players, and the highest level of symmetrical skills in female seniors was displayed by the team from England. The study noted the existence of a rare skill of dominating left leg in female juniors of Australia and Canada, and in female seniors from France. The best teams had asymmetrical skills with right leg dominance. Female junior world champions, such as for example the German national team, had the highest number of athletes making bilateral kicks (right and left). As regards the majority of female seniors, more versatile skills (60.0%) were reported. A lower number of football players was only found in the Danish national team. It was also established that female juniors tended to make more kicks from the left field zone, while female seniors were from the right. Kicks at goal sectors (left and right half) were made almost symmetrically, and in the majority of cases the lower lateral sectors were hit. Over 28.0% of female seniors and female juniors were found to be characterised by a high practical efficiency index. This index could result from less efficient tactical actions in defence, as well as inferior preparation level of female goal keepers. The results indicate that top world teams have female players with symmetrical preparation, i.e. two-footedness skills. The results of these observations provided a basis for formulation of methodological recommendations for training female football players.
Reactive Power Control for Wind Turbine using Exact Linearization Feedback

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The quality of service and the respect of contractual characteristics of the voltage is a major issue of the transmission system operator. In this context, the code requires that the wind turbine system participate in the regulation of the voltage. Any variation in voltage must be compensated by producing or absorbing reactive power. This article studies the modelling and control strategies of a wind energy conversion system based on a doubly fed induction generator. It presents a linear quadratic regulator with integrator (LQI) and an exact linearization feedback (ELF) controller for a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG). In the ELF technique, the nonlinear model of DFIG is linearized and the reference of active and reactive powers values are calculated by using reactive power management algorithm.The simulation results show that the decoupling control strategy for DFIG is satisfactory and the predefined operating conditions are respected.
Role of nurses in providing play activities of hospitalized children

Field: Nursing (Health Sciences)

Nemoc je v životě dítěte a jeho rodiny zátěžovou situací, zvláště pak musí-li být hospitalizováno. Dítě si svou nemoc uvědomuje v závislosti na věku a každé ji jinak prožívá. Omezení možnosti pohybu, odloučení od vrstevníků a rodičů může vyvolávat u dítěte úzkost.Hra je činnost dítěte, která mu přináší radost a je velice důležitá pro jeho sociální, rozumový a citový vývoj. Pomocí hry se dítě seznamuje s neznámými slovy a se vším, co mu způsobuje úzkost. Řízenou hrou sestry seznamují děti s vlastní nemocí a vysvětlují, co se s nimi v nemocnici bude dít. Volná hra umožňuje dětem odpoutat se od problémů, pomáhá při získání sebedůvěry. Herna, hračky a hry dětí dělají nemocnici přívětivější. Je velmi důležité, aby sestra zařadila hry a herní prvky do všech ošetřovatelských činností, protože nemocné děti si ve většině případů samy spontánně nehrají. Sestry musí proto hru aktivně nabízet.Hru můžeme zařadit do ošetřovatelských činností, jež jsou nedílnou součástí ošetřovatelského procesu. Ošetřovatelský proces je systematická metoda ošetřovatelské péče skládající se z pěti fází: anamnestiky, diagnostiky, plánování, realizace a vyhodnocení (Tóthová, 2009).Cílem sdělení je zmapovat zajištění volného času hospitalizovaných dětí v různých věkových kategoriích a úlohu jednotlivých zdravotnických i nezdravotnických pracovníků v jeho organizaci. Studie byla zpracována na podkladě sekundární analýzy ošetřovatelské a pedagogické literatury a praktických zkušeností autorek v práci s hospitalizovanými dětmi.Autorky definovaly úlohu jednotlivých zdravotnických i nezdravotnických pracovníků v organizaci volného času u hospitalizovaných dětí. Autorky navrhly typy her podle věkových skupin a ve svém příspěvku upozorňují na celou škálu her pro hospitalizované děti.Významnou úlohu má sestra v zajištění chodu herny a vhodných hraček. Jejím úkolem je především zajištění bezpečnosti při všech herních aktivitách.
An Optimized Recurrent Unit for Ultra-Low-Power Keyword Spotting

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

There is growing interest in being able to run neural networks on sensors, wearables and internet-of-things (IoT) devices. However, the computational demands of neural networks make them difficult to deploy on resource-constrained edge devices. To meet this need, our work introduces a new recurrent unit architecture that is specifically adapted for on-device low power acoustic event detection (AED). The proposed architecture is based on the gated recurrent unit ('GRU' -- introduced by Cho et al. [9]) but features optimizations that make it implementable on ultra-low power micro-controllers such as the Arm Cortex M0+. Our new architecture, the Embedded Gated Recurrent Unit (eGRU) is demonstrated to be highly efficient and suitable for short-duration AED and keyword spotting tasks. A single eGRU cell is 60× faster and 10× smaller than a GRU cell. Despite its optimizations, eGRU compares well with GRU across tasks of varying complexities. The practicality of eGRU is investigated in a wearable acoustic event detection application. An eGRU model is implemented and tested on the Arm Cortex M0-based Atmel ATSAMD21E18 processor. The Arm M0+ implementation of the eGRU model compares favorably with a full precision GRU that is running on a workstation. The embedded eGRU model achieves a classification accuracy 95.3%, which is only 2% less than the full precision GRU.