jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Abdominal visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue and associations with cardiometabolic risk in Inuit, Africans and Europeans: a cross-sectional study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives Abdominal fat has been identified as a risk marker of cardiometabolic disease independent of overall adiposity. However, it is not clear whether there are ethnic disparities in this risk. We investigated the associations of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) with cardiometabolic risk factors in three ethnic diverse populations of Inuit, Africans and Europeans. Design Cross-sectional pooled study. Setting Greenland, Kenya and Denmark. Methods A total of 5113 participants (2933 Inuit, 1397 Africans and 783 Europeans) from three studies in Greenland, Kenya and Denmark were included. Measurements included abdominal fat distribution assessed by ultrasound, oral glucose tolerance test, hepatic insulin resistance, blood pressure and lipids. The associations were analysed using multiple linear regressions. Results Across ethnic group and gender, an increase in VAT of 1 SD was associated with higher levels of hepatic insulin resistance (ranging from 14% to 28%), triglycerides (8% to 16%) and lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C, −1.0 to −0.05 mmol/L) independent of body mass index. VAT showed positive associations with most of the other cardiometabolic risk factors in Inuit and Europeans, but not in Africans. In contrast, SAT was mainly associated with the outcomes in Inuit and Africans. Of notice was that higher SAT was associated with higher HDL-C in African men (0.11 mmol/L, 95% CI: 0.03 to 0.18) and with lower HDL-C in Inuit (−0.07 mmol/L, 95% CI: -0.12 to –0.02), but not in European men (−0.02 mmol/L, 95% CI: −0.09 to 0.05). Generally weaker associations were observed for women. Furthermore, the absolute levels of several of the cardiometabolic outcomes differed between the ethnic groups. Conclusions VAT and SAT were associated with several of the cardiometabolic risk factors beyond overall adiposity. Some of these associations were specific to ethnicity, suggesting that ethnicity plays a role in the pathway from abdominal fat to selected cardiometabolic risk factors.
Correspondence Analysis of species by environmental variable matrices

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract. Correspondence Analysis of species by environmental variables matrices is a relatively simple method for handling matrices which include many species and variables. If columns represent species and rows represent the states in which the environmental variables have been divided, each element of the matrix shows the number of releves in which the simultaneous occurrence of that species and that environmental variable state have been recorded. In this paper the use of the method for presence‐absence data is considered. The method is appropriate for studies whose main purpose is to look for broad correlations between groups of environmental variables and groups of species. It is particularly useful for handling heterogeneous data sets including rare species and species‐poor releves, a situation in which Correspondence Analysis and Canonical Correspondence Analysis are frequently complicated by the production of axes explaining the relationship between rare species and species‐poor releves. Examples are presented with artificial data as well as with real data collected in the Mexican portion of the Chihuahuan Desert (Bolsón de Mapimi). It is shown for the Mapimi data that the method is robust to the partition of variables into different numbers of states.
RSPO2 defines a distinct undifferentiated progenitor in the tendon/ligament and suppresses ectopic ossification

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Ectopic endochondral ossification in the tendon/ligament is caused by repetitive mechanical overload or inflammation. Tendon stem/progenitor cells (TSPCs) contribute to tissue repair, and some express lubricin [proteoglycan 4 (PRG4)]. However, the mechanisms of ectopic ossification and association of TSPCs are not yet known. Here, we investigated the characteristics of Prg4-positive ( + ) cells and identified that R-spondin 2 (RSPO2), a WNT activator, is specifically expressed in a distinct Prg4 + TSPC cluster. The Rspo2 + cluster was characterized as mostly undifferentiated, and RSPO2 overexpression suppressed ectopic ossification in a mouse Achilles tendon puncture model via chondrogenic differentiation suppression. RSPO2 expression levels in patients with ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament were lower than those in spondylosis patients, and RSPO2 protein suppressed chondrogenic differentiation of human ligament cells. RSPO2 was induced by inflammatory stimulation and mechanical loading via nuclear factor κB. Rspo2 + cells may contribute to tendon/ligament homeostasis under pathogenic conditions.
Soil Compaction Induced by Different Tillage Systems and its Impact on Growth and Yield of Maize (Zea Mays L.)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract: Maize (Zea Mays L.) cultivation faces challenges from mechanized tillage-induced compaction, impacting soil physical properties crucial for growth. This compaction, stemming from machinery-soil interactions during tillage, alters bulk density, root penetration resistance, and water infiltration rates. Tractive tires play a central role in this process. The chapter explores the intricate relationship, emphasizing its adverse effects on maize root development, nutrient availability, and overall grain yield. While studies report significant yield reductions under severe compaction, a universally agreed-upon critical level remains elusive, necessitating further research into dynamic soil factors influencing maize productivity. This insight informs strategies for optimizing cultivation practices amid mechanized tillage challenges. Soil compaction, a critical concern in maize cultivation, profoundly impacts plant growth. Mechanized tillage-induced compaction alters soil properties, affecting bulk density, root penetration, and water movement. Compacted soil restricts air and water availability, hindering root respiration and nutrient uptake. This multifaceted constraint leads to poor seed germination, reduced yields, and increased vulnerability to root diseases. Mitigation strategies include low tillage machine loads, precision agriculture, conservation tillage, bioturbation, and deep tillage. While some compaction may benefit water retention, excessive levels pose risks. A holistic approach involves soil assessments, controlled traffic farming, cover crops, mechanical aeration, optimized equipment design, and ongoing monitoring. Education and adaptive practices are crucial for sustainable soil compaction management.
Abstract WP387: Corraborated Evidence on Change of Metabolome after Ischemic Stroke due to Large Vessel Occlusion

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Metabolomics is commonly used to search for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) biomarkers. However, many studies which found metabolite - AIS associations have contradictory findings, which prevents solid conclusion. To obtain corroborative evidence on change of serum metabolome after AIS, our study: (1) focused on patients with large vessel occlusion (LVO), (2) combined cross-sectional and longitudinal study designs, and (3) performed analysis using different metabolome platforms: Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS). Methods: In the cross-sectional part of the study, we compared serum metabolome of 84 LVO stroke patients and 82 controls using NMR (250 compounds), with multivariate regression. Samples were collected 48-72 hours after AIS. In the longitudinal part we prospectively analyzed serum metabolome using LC-MS (1554 compounds) on 15 LVO stroke patients at 4 time-points: <24 hours, 48-72 hours, 5-7 days, 80-120 days using mixed regression model. Our hypothesis is that serum metabolites elevated in cross-sectional part would show rising trajectory in longitudinal part, and vice versa. We used age, gender, race as covariates, and the Two-Stage Benjamini&Hochberg procedure for multiple testing. Results: All patients and controls had equal characteristics. 18 significant metabolites from the cross-sectional part had 152 corresponding derivatives with significant change in the longitudinal part, which showed 4 patterns of metabolome change after AIS (Table 2). Glycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), ceramide, phenylalanine were significantly increased in the cross-sectional part, while their derivatives had well-ordered rising trajectory in the longitudinal part during first week, then either continued to increase or decreased. Histidine, tyrosine, valine, glutamine, phosphatidylcholine (PC), sphingomyelin, fatty acids (FA), including monounsaturated, polyunsaturated, and saturated fatty acids were decreased in the cross-sectional part, while their derivatives had well-ordered declining trajectory on the longitudinal part during first week, then either continued to decrease or increased. Conclusion: We obtained corroborated evidence that glycerol, PE, ceramide and phenylalanine are increasing, while histidine, tyrosine, valine, glutamine, PC, sphingomyelin, and FA are decreasing after LVO strokes. Future studies should evaluate the clinical impact of these findings.
An efficient explainable deep neural network classifier for diabetic retinopathy detection

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Early detection of Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is crucial for effective intervention, particularly given its often asymptomatic nature in initial stages. Automated detection systems offer significant advantages, such as improving screening efficiency, extending healthcare accessibility to remote regions, and facilitating proactive disease management. Introducing an innovative framework for retinal image analysis that combines explainable deep learning, hybrid feature extraction, and advanced data augmentation to optimize performance and interpretability for clinical applications. The xDNN model, trained on the MESSIDOR-2 dataset, achieved an average recall of 98%, precision of 98.2%, F1-score of 98%, and accuracy of 98.2%. When extensively trained on the APTOS 2019 dataset, the model delivered outstanding results with an average precision, recall, and F1-score of 99%, and an accuracy of 99.7%. Additionally, the model's performance on the IDRID dataset was remarkable, with average precision, recall, F1-score, and accuracy all reaching 99%. Noteworthy is our method impressive average Area Under the Curve (AUC) of 99.8%, affirming its consistent and exceptional performance across all classes of diabetic retinopathy. This underscores the xDNN Classifier's potential as a valuable tool for precise and reliable diabetic retinopathy detection. It holds substantial promise for elevating clinical diagnosis and enhancing treatment outcomes within the field of ophthalmology.
Does A 55mT, 6Hz Pulsed Magnetic Field Affect Lower Limb Fatigue In 800 m Runners?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

PURPOSE: The research aims to explore whether the pulsed magnetic field with particular intensity and frequency affects the recovery of lower limb fatigue of 800 m runners, and tries to find out a novel means to promote the recovery of athletic fatigue. METHODS: 50 second-class male athletes of 800 m race who no significant differences in age, height, weight, and training years were selected, divided into two groups of intervention and control randomly, The intervention group was subjected to magnetic therapy intervention (55mT, 6 Hz, 40 min) after exercise, while the control group was not subjected to intervention. The serum concentrations of blood lactate (LD), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatine kinase (CK) were measured before, immediately after exercise and the following morning after invention using a fully automated biochemical analyzer. Finally, the measured values of the two groups were subjected to a t-test. RESULTS: (1) Within-group comparison, the concentrations of LD, CK, and BUN were significantly higher in the immediate post-exercise period in both groups compared to the pre-exercise period (P < 0.01); compared to the immediate post-exercise period, there was a highly significant difference in the concentrations of the above biochemical indexes after the intervention (P < 0.01). (2) Comparing between groups, the concentrations of these indexes after the intervention in the intervention group showed a significant decrease compared to the control group (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: 55mT, 6 Hz pulse magnetic field treatment can reduce the concentration of LD, CK, BUN, accelerate the recovery of lower limb fatigue in athletes so that they can be put into the next training and competition as soon as possible.
Repetitive Self-Inflicted Craniocerebral Injury in a Patient with Antisocial Personality Disorder

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Self-inflicted penetrating injuries in patients with mental disorders are a rare phenomenon. The authors report the case of a prisoner who recurrently presented to the emergency department over a period of four years for self-insertion of six metal foreign bodies into the skull. Computed tomography each time revealed the presence of a metal foreign body (screw, nail, metal rod, and wire) passing through the frontal bone into the frontal lobe. In each situation, the foreign body was safely extracted with a favorable outcome. Despite the use of the latest imaging modalities, metal artifacts can limit the assessment of vascular involvement, and special attention must be given to preoperative planning. Surgical extraction of the foreign body can be safely performed when appropriate preoperative planning is carried out to consider all possible complications.
An approximate Casson fluid model for tube flow of blood1

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

An approximate Casson model for tube flow is derived based on order of magnitude considerations. The approximation is principally of value for tube flow measurements in which the pressure drop and volumetric flow rate are experimentally measured. Data for heparinized bovine blood and silica suspens ions are in good agreement with the approximate expression. The model is compared with an approximation proposed earlier by Merrill et al.
A SUCCESSFUL METHOD FOR ARTIFICIALLY HIBERNATING MEGABOMBUS F. FERVIDUS, AND NOTES ON A RELATED SPECIES (HYMENOPTERA: APIDAE; BOMBINAE)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Megabombus f . fervidus (F.) queens were successfully hibernated in 1961–62 under artificial conditions that are described in detail. One-half succumbed within 3 days after being removed to conditions allowing resumption of active behavior, and 68.7% perished by the end of 3 weeks. Hibernation and (or) post-hibernation survival are believed to be dependent on the amount of fat bodies metabolized prior to this dispause period. Infertile queens (and possibly large workers) are capable of hibernating. It has been discovered that during hibernation the spermatozoa encyst in the spermatheea of fervidus , and it is probable that this phenomenon is not unusual to most species hibernating under cold conditions.
“I Felt Like I Mattered”: Caring is a key ingredient of collaborative care for chronic illness

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objectives To identify perceptions and experiences related to caring science and collaborative care in intervention participants of the Collaborative Care to Alleviate Symptoms and Adjust to Illness (CASA) study, a randomized, multi-site clinical trial for patients with chronic heart failure and reduced health status. Methods Forty-five participants completed semi-structured, telephone interviews with a focus on intervention components, impact of the intervention on participants’ lives, and recommendations for intervention change. Data were analyzed using an inductive content analysis approach focusing on the presence and frequency of text to identify patterns, categories, and themes across participants without an a priori code book. The validity of the identified categories was enhanced through triangulation. Results Three themes were identified: (1) intervention providers’ caring/helping attitude and caring/helping communication; (2) care team availability to respond to concerns or questions; and (3) help with understanding and navigating the healthcare system. Discussion Patients highly value caring attitudes and communication, availability, and empowerment to understand and navigate healthcare systems. These attitudes and behaviors may be important mediators of the success of collaborative care programs. These are consistent with the theory of caring science, a framework that is relevant more broadly to patient-centered and team-based care models.
The effect of different iron sources on hemoglobin and myoglobin synthesis, and the key genes related to iron metabolism in skeletal muscle in the weanling piglets

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract This study was carried out to investigate the effect of different iron sources on hemoglobin and myoglobin (Mb) synthesis, and the mRNA expression of the key genes related to iron metabolism in skeletal muscle in the piglets. Forty eight piglets (Duroc × Large White × Landrace, 9.39 ± 1.55 kg, 40 ± 2 d) were assigned into four treatments including control group, a basal diet without iron supplemented in mineral premix; ferrous sulfate (FeSO 4 ) group, the basal diet supplemented with FeSO 4 to provide 100 mg supplemental Fe/kg dry matter (DM); ferrous glycinate (Fe-Gly) group, the basal diet supplemented with Fe-Gly to provide 80 mg supplemental Fe/kg DM; amino acid-Fe(II)-chelator complexes group, the basal diet supplemented with amino acid-Fe(II)-chelator complexes to provide 30 mg supplemental Fe/kg DM. There were six pens for each treatment, and each pen had two piglets. The experiment was lasted for 28 days. The results showed that different iron source supplementation increased the mean corpuscular hemoglobin in blood and Mb concentration in muscles ( P < 0.05). FeSO 4 and Fe-Gly supplementation increased the mean corpuscular volume and mean cell hemoglobin concentration in blood ( P < 0.05). In addition, different iron source increased hephaestin expression in longissimus dorsi muscle ( P < 0.1), decreased transferrin receptor 1 expression in longissimus dorsi muscle ( P < 0.05), and increased lipocalin 2 expression in gastrocnemius muscle, respectively ( P < 0.05). In summary, iron supplementation has positive effectiveness in myoglobin biosynthesis and can mobilize iron in muscles into the circulation regardless of iron sources.
Comprehensive assessment of honey samples with δ~(13)C_H value less than δ~(13)C_P

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In order to strengthen the monitoring of honey authenticity,51 honey samples with δ13CHvalue( δ13C value of honey sample) less than δ13CPvalue( δ13C value of protein in honey sample) were chosen from 124 specimens from food market. In the mean time,in order to have a comprehensive assessment of these honey samples, means of element analyzer-isotope ratio mass spectrometry( EA-IRMS),liquid chromatography-isotope ratio mass spectrometry( LC-IRMS) and liquid chromatography( LC) were used to detect the δ13C values,sucrose contents,C-4 plant sugar contents and reducing sugar contents. The results indicated that the δ13CHvalues in 51 honey samples were all less than-23. 5‰,reducing sugar contents of 2 honey samples were less than 60 g /100 g and sucrose content of 1 sample exceed limit of sucrose,which was 7 g /100 g. However,it is difficult to effectively assess the authenticity of these honey samples with δ13CHvalue less than δ13CPvalue by conventional detection methods. In our work,evaluation indexes,such as δ13CP-H,△δ13CF-G,△δ13Cmaxwere used for a comprehensive assessment. The results showed that 47 of 51 honey samples were considered to be adulterated honey,with the ratio of more than 92%. The samples were found to be adulterated by adding C-3 plant hydrolyzate,the adulterated material may be the compound of several carbohydrates.
Impact sound insulation performance of mass timber floors

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Mass timber floors are being used increasingly in both mass timber and hybrid timber buildings due to its dry and rapid construction. Bare mass timber structural slabs have relatively low impact sound insulation performance. Though certain floating floor assemblies on mass timber slabs can provide adequate single number ratings, such assemblies are mainly effective in the middle to high frequency range. This paper will provide an overview of the research on the impact sound insulation perforamnce of mass timber floors with exposed ceiling and floating floor assembies conducted at the Universtiy of Northern British Columbia. The test data of bare mass timber floors, with continous floating concrete toppings, with raised discrete floating floor assemblies will be presented and compared. The effect of interlayer, concrete thickness and excitation sources on the single number ratings and frequency spectra will be discussed. Recommendations for future reseach will be given based on the discussion.
Decreased Level of Nitric Oxide in Preeclamptic Pregnancy: A Relationship with PON1 Arylesterase Activity

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aims: The aim of the study was to evaluate the status and diagnostic utility of PON1. (Paraoxonase-1) Arylesterase and nitric oxide as indicator of antioxidant status in preeclampsia. Study Design: Analytical case control study. Place and Duration of Study: Sample: Department of obstretics and gynecology Department, G. M. C. Ambajogai, between July 2010 and July 2012. Methodology: We conducted a case-control study of 57 women with preeclampsia and 57 women with uncomplicated deliveries. We measured PON1 Arylesterase activity, Nitric oxide and lipid profile. Results: Serum levels of LDLc (low density lipoprotein cholesterol) are higher in cases than in controls and are statistically significant (p=0.023). However serum HDLc (high density lipoprotein cholesterol) levels are decreased significantly (p = 0.017). Serum PON1 Arylesterase showed significant decrease in cases152.68 KU/L versus controls 180.89 KU/L, p value=0.002. Serum nitric oxide also showed significant decrease in cases 22.77 ± 4.792 umol/L versus controls 25.127 umol/L, p=0.010. PON1 Arylesterase activity is found to be positively correlated with serum HDL cholesterol (r = 0.449, p value< 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis was done. Conclusion: Our observed results show decrease in the antioxidant PON1 Arylesterase activity point towards their role in the pathogenesis of Preeclampsia.