jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Food production diversity based on food groups is associated with minimum dietary diversity and dietary diversity among lactating mothers residing in subsistence farming households in rural Kyankwanzi district, Uganda

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract

Background Consumsing a variety of food groups is a proxy indicator of micronutrient adequacy among women of reproductive age (WRA). This study examined the association between minimum food group production diversity (MFGPD) and minimum dietary diversity for women (MDD-W); and the correlation between food group production diversity (FGPD) and women's dietary diversity (WDD) among lactating mothers in rural Kyankwanzi district, central Uganda. Method Lactating mothers residing in subsistence farming households (HH) were recruited by systematic sampling. The outcome variables were WDD and MDD-W. A respondent scored either “1” or “0” if she consumed or did not consume the food group in the previous 24 hours, respectively. The WDD was calculated as the total of all food group scores. The respondent was considered to have achieved MDD-W if she consumed ≥ 5 out of the 10 food groups. The exposure variables were MFGPD and FGPD. The food groups used to classify foods on the farm were the same as the 10 food group classifications used in the MDD-W. The FGPD was calculated as the total of all food group scores. The MFGPD was achieved if the farm had ≥ 5 of the 10 food groups. The association between exposure and outcome variables was tested by logistic and linear regression models, where adjusted odds ratios (AORs) and adjusted correlation coefficient (β) were reported, respectively. Results Lactating mothers who achieved MFGPD were more likely to achieve MDD-W, AOR 8.6 (95% CI: 5.6–13.0, P < 0.0001); There was a positive correlation between WDD and FGPD, adjusted β:0.6 (95%CI 0.5–0.7, P < 0.0001). Conclusion The MFGPD is associated with MDD-W, while WDD increases as FGPD increases among lactating mothers in the study area. Promoting food production diversity based on food groups has the potential to improve WDD and achieve MDD-W among lactating mothers in the study area.
The Chemical Mediation of Multi-Trophic Interactions: Testing Components of the Tri-Trophic Interactions Hypothesis

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Although there are multiple hypotheses regarding the top-down and bottom-up controls of herbivore populations, the Tri-Trophic Interactions (TTI) Hypothesis is the first to make predictions regarding the simultaneous effects of plant quality, herbivore diet breadth, and natural enemies on herbivore performance. My dissertation research tests several predictions of the TTI hypothesis to determine how plant secondary metabolites, herbivore diet breadth (specialist or generalist) and natural enemies interactively determine the performance of insect herbivores. I study plants in the genus Penstemon (Plantaginaceae), which are chemically defended by bitter iridoid glycosides (IGs), and their associated lepidopteran herbivores. First, I examined the bi-trophic interactions between two different Penstemon species and generalist and specialist lepidopterans. The fitness of the generalist species varied greatly between the two plants, whereas the specialist performed consistently well on both host plant species. Second, I determined the level of variation in Penstemon IGs to which herbivores are naturally exposed. I focused on three potential sources of variation: inter-annual (across years), location (among geographically distinct populations) and plant tissue type. Finally, I examined the role of IGs in tri-trophic interactions by examining the ability of IGs to protect a specialist caterpillar from predators and parasitoids. Ant bioassays indicated that even low amounts of IGs are effect deterrents against invertebrate predators. However, measurements of phenoloxidase activity, an important component of the insect immune response cascade, suggested that caterpillars reared on certain diets were more vulnerable to parasitoid attack. This research provides important contributions to the recently proposed TTI hypothesis and increases our understanding of the chemical mediation of multi-trophic interactions.
Limonoids from the Fresh Young Leaves and Buds of Toona sinensis and Their Potential Neuroprotective\nEffects

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Toona sinensis, popularly known as Chinese toon or\nChinese mahogany, is a perennial deciduous arbor belonging to the\ngenus Toona in the Meliaceae family,\nwhich is widely distributed and cultivated in eastern and southeastern\nAsia. Its fresh young leaves and buds have been consumed as a very\npopular nutritious vegetable in China and confirmed to display a wide\nvariety of biological activities. To investigate the chemical constituents\nand their potential health benefits from the fresh young leaves and\nbuds of T. sinensis, a phytochemical\nstudy on its fresh young leaves and buds was therefore undertaken.\nIn our current investigation, 16 limonoids (<b>1</b>–<b>16</b>), including four new limonoids, toonasinenoids A–D\n(<b>1</b>–<b>4</b>), and a new naturally occurring\nlimonoid, toonasinenoid E (<b>5</b>), were isolated and characterized\nfrom the fresh young leaves and buds of T. sinensis. The chemical structures and absolute configurations of limonoids <b>1</b>–<b>5</b> were elucidated by comprehensive spectroscopic\ndata analyses. All known limonoids (<b>6</b>–<b>16</b>) were identified via comparing their experimental spectral data\ncontaining mass spectrometry data, <sup>1</sup>H and <sup>13</sup>C nuclear magnetic resonance data, and optical rotation values to\nthe data reported in the literature. All known limonoids (<b>6</b>–<b>16</b>) were isolated from T. sinensis for the first time. Furthermore, the neuroprotective effects of\nall isolated limonoids <b>1</b>–<b>16</b> against\n6-hydroxydopamine-induced cell death in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y\ncells were assessed <i>in vitro</i>. Limonoids <b>1</b>–<b>16</b> exhibited notable neuroprotective activities,\nwith EC<sub>50</sub> values in the range from 0.27 ± 0.03 to\n17.28 ± 0.16 μM. These results suggest that regular consumption\nof the fresh young leaves and buds of T. sinensis might prevent the occurrence and development of Parkinson’s\ndisease (PD). Moreover, the isolation and characterization of these\nlimonoids that exhibit notable neuroprotective activities from the\nfresh young leaves and buds of T. sinensis could be very significant for researching and developing new neuroprotective\ndrugs used for the prevention and treatment of PD.
'n Dialogiese kommunikasieteorie vanuit 'n Prakties-Teologiese perspektief

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

A dialogical theory of communication from a practical theological perspective For our practical theological reflection on the communication of the gospel in ministry, we need a sound theory of communication. We choose for a dialogical theory of communication which suits the nature of Christian communication. This theory is developed with insights from theology and philosophy. The roots of a dialogical theory of communication are found in the thoughts of Socrates, Plato en Augustine. Kierkegaard is seen as the founder of the modern dialogical theory of communication, whilst the contributions of Buber, Jaspers, Gadamer and Habermas are traced. In an era of mass communication and propaganda, Christians need a communicative context where dialogue, freedom and an existential experience of God's love and grace can develop.
Arthroscopic decompression of calcific tendinitis without cuff repair

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aims The aim of this study was to investigate the outcomes of arthroscopic decompression of calcific tendinitis performed without repairing the rotator cuff defect. Methods A total of 99 patients who underwent treatment between December 2013 and August 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. Visual analogue scale (VAS) and American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) scores were reviewed pre- and postoperatively according to the location, size, physical characteristics, and radiological features of the calcific deposits. Additionally, the influence of any residual calcific deposits shown on postoperative radiographs was explored. The healing rate of the unrepaired cuff defect was determined by reviewing the 29 patients who had follow-up MRIs. Results Statistically significant improvement from pre- to postoperation was seen in all VAS and ASES scores for each group, but no statistical differences were seen between the postoperative scores according to the differences in the features of the calcific deposits. When residual calcification was observed postoperatively, the mean ASES and VAS (rest) scores improved significantly to 95.0 (SD 5.6) and 0.0 (SD 0.0), respectively (p = 0.006 and p < 0.001), and did not differ from those who had the complete removal. Of 29 patients who had follow-up MRIs, six (20.7%) showed signs of an interstitial tear. This group’s mean postoperative ASES and VAS (rest) scores improved to excellent levels of 96.0 (SD 3.7) and 0.0 (SD 0.0), respectively, and were similar to those of the 23 patients with normal MRI appearances. Conclusion Arthroscopic removal of calcific deposits without repairing the rotator cuff defect resulted in significant improvement in function and pain level, regardless of the deposit’s location, size, type, and whether or not complete excision was achieved. Despite leaving the defects unrepaired, in the limited number of patients with follow-up MRIs, 23 of 29 patients (79.3%) showed good healing, and the rest, who had persistent signs of interstitial defects on the MRIs, still had excellent outcomes. The removal of calcific deposits without repairing the cuff defects provided excellent outcomes. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2023;105-B(6):663–667.
The influence of perpetrator personality pathology on perceptions of relational stalking: Conference poster

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Misperceptions of stalking have the potential to prevent victims and support structures from identifying and intervening in stalking victimisation. Perpetrator personality pathology is a pertinent factor within stalking victimisation, yet remains unexamined within stalking perception literature. The present study examined the influence of perpetrator personality pathology on perceptions of relational stalking in a sample of 549 adult members of the public recruited through volunteer sampling (75.8% female). Participants read one of six accounts of a hypothetical stalking incident. Five accounts described distinct perpetrator personality pathology concordant with one of the five ICD-11 personality disorder ‘trait domain qualifiers’; one control condition did not describe the perpetrator’s personality. Perceptions of the hypothetical stalking incident were measured across seven Likert-scale questions. Stalking behaviour was perceived to be most serious when the perpetrator exhibited traits of dissociality, and least serious when the perpetrator exhibited traits of detachment. The perpetrator was most likely to be perceived as experiencing mental health and personality difficulties when exhibiting traits of negative affectivity. The perpetrator was least likely to be perceived as experiencing mental health difficulties when presenting with traits of disinhibition, and least likely to be perceived as experiencing personality difficulties when no personality description was included. The research findings highlight the potential for perpetrator personality pathology to differentially bias public perceptions of stalking behaviour. This has implications for efforts to improve the recognition and provision of support for stalking victimisation, and for future research concerning perceptions of stalking. N.b., this research output was originally presented at the British Psychological Society's Division of Forensic Psychology Annual Conference 2024 on 1 July 2024. A reference list for this work is available at: https://osf.io/6xufy/?view_only=84daf07b463147ee9f967bc6b8224ee1
Navigation Strategy with Multi-Robots in Confined Environments to Improve Radio Signal Coverage

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Safely performing tasks in confined environments poses significant risks, often necessitating the use of mobile robots. However, one of the major challenges associated with utilizing mobile robots in these tasks is establishing effective communication between them, typically achieved through radios with limited coverage. To optimize radio signal coverage within such environments, this paper introduces a multi-robot navigation strategy. This strategy ensures a direct line of sight between radios, thereby enhancing communication during teleoperation. The effectiveness of the proposed strategy is evaluated through simulations conducted in CoppeliaSim and validated through a proof-of-concept experiment. Preliminary results are promising, highlighting a significant surge in radio signal coverage within confined environments, achieving an improvement of over 50% in the distance covered during inspection activities using mobile robots, thus facilitating the execution of tasks safely in previously inaccessible regions.
Becoming Humble

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract Monastic directives to humility have been dismissed by most contemporary theorists as remnants of a lamentable past. But, if radical Christian humility as envisioned by the early monastic tradition is a legitimate view of humility, there should be something to learn from their many directives. This chapter interprets monastic wisdom about the pursuit of humility, showing how ascetic practices are consistent with the claim that humility is a gift of grace. It argues that the monastics were right to think that genuine Christian humility is unattainable apart from experiences of humiliation. Ascetic regimes can promote humility by training practitioners to go on loving in the midst of humiliations that sabotage their quests for personal importance. Such practices “position” devotees to be recipients of supernatural love, which enables persons to go on without falling back on proper pride as a source of moral energy.
The Role of the Russian Navy in Russia's Evolving Approach to Strategic Deterrence

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Since the collapse of the Soviet Union, Russia’s assessment of the changes in the strategic security environment has prompted an evolving approach to, and definition of, strategic deterrence and comprehensive military modernization to compete in such a dynamic environment. This thesis will explore Russia’s three distinct stages and approaches of strategic deterrence, starting in 1999 to the present day. It is from the influence of these approaches to strategic deterrence that Russia developed its corresponding security, defense, and military strategies, doctrines, and policies. This thesis focuses on the roles, utilization, and modernization efforts of the Russian Federation Navy (RFN) throughout each distinct stage. Russia currently regards the RFN as one of the most effective instruments of strategic deterrence. This thesis evaluates the effectiveness of the RFN across key Russian maritime domains: the Mediterranean Sea, the Black Sea, and the Arctic and Atlantic oceans. Many challenges prevent Russia from achieving the global naval notoriety it desires, and, for the foreseeable future, it relies on high-end cruise missiles and will direct naval operations in the maritime domains contiguous to Russia.
Improving the breast MRI process: A longitudinal QI project at the Houston VA.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

371 Background: The number of female veterans is increasing by more than 18,000 per year, and 700 veterans enrolled in VA healthcare are diagnosed with breast cancer each year. The American Cancer Society recommends screening MRI in women with 20-25% or greater lifetime risk of breast cancer, and primary care physicians and oncologists order breast MRIs regularly. The Michael E. DeBakey Veteran’s Affairs Medical Center (MEDVAMC) performs mammograms and ultrasounds on site, but breast MRI is not currently available. Care in the Community arranges for veterans to obtain these studies at outside facilities. This is a complex process, requiring coordination among multiple departments at the MEDVAMC, outside MRI facilities, and patients. Methods: We created a comprehensive process map for the current breast MRI ordering process to determine areas for improvement. We reviewed all breast MRI orders from 1/2019 to 5/2021 at the MEDVAMC and determined the cancellation rate and the rate of benign (BIRADS 1-2) vs non benign (BIRADS 0, 3-5) screening outcomes. We created a Pareto analysis of cancellation reasons. Our process measures were percentage of placed breast MRI orders that were cancelled and delay from MRI order to MRI performed. Our outcome measures were percentage of order cancellations due to incorrect or incomplete orders and delay from MRI order placement to results uploaded. Results: Of the 434 orders that were placed for breast MRIs, 64% were cancelled. Only 117 of the 167 patients that had MRIs ordered ultimately received one. Of the 104 patients without known malignancy who competed an MRI, 45% had non-benign findings requiring follow-up. Our pareto analysis showed that the top cancellation reason was incorrect orders, usually contrast or side verbiage. In June 2021, the CITC order set for MRI was changed from a free text box to discrete, clickable options for side and contrast. In December 2021, we held educational interventions on how to avoid delay or cancellation. Our p-chart of percentage of cancellations due to incorrect ordering shows an extremely promising decrease, with the last seven consecutive subgroups of 15 patients below the mean. The order cancellation percentage is also decreasing. The average delay pre-intervention from MRI order placement to results uploaded was 67 days. In January 2022, we implemented a breast MRI nurse navigator to help acquire results and expedite scheduling. Post-intervention, the average delay has decreased to 38.5 days. Using XmR and S charts, we have also shown an increase in precision. Conclusions: Providing discrete, clickable options within the MRI order set reduced the number of cancellations due to incorrect verbiage. Early data suggests that the educational intervention improved the cancellation rate. Instituting a nurse navigator decreased both the delay and variability for the time from order placement to results received, which will reduce the delay to follow-up of non-benign findings.
Morulaimus, a New Genus of the Belonolaiminae

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Morulaimus, n.g., related to Belonolaimus, is described. The lip region has four large submedian lobes bearing six or seven annules, and two small unstriated lateral lobes interrupting the first few annules of the head. Behind these lateral lobes the lip region annules are continuous or interrupted by striation or by an irregular series of platelets. Tail length is from one and a half to three times the anal body diameter. Three species are described: M. arenicolus (type species), 1.2 mm long with conoid tail, stylet about 100 μ, no platelets on the head. M. geniculatus, 1.5 mm long with conoid tail, stylet about 65 μ, platelets on the head. M. sclerus, 1.3 mm long with cylindrical tail, stylet about 90 μ, no platelets on the head, conspicuous sclerotisation of dorsal and ventral sectors of head framework. The new combinations M. hastulatus (Colbran, 1960) and M. whitei (Fisher, 1964) are proposed, and a key to the species is provided.
Approximation of nonsmooth solutions of linear ill-posed problems

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In the multidimensional case, for the Tikhonov regularization, two new families of stabilizers containing the norms of the Lipschitz spaces and the norms of the Sobolev spaces with fractional derivatives are suggested. Theorems of convergence of Tikhonov regularized approximate solutions and their discrete approximations are proved. Detailed step-by-step investigation of the solving algorithm is performed by the example of an integral Fredholm equation of the first kind.
Links between the Factor-of-Safety and the Reliability Methods of Design

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Relationships are developed that bridge the gap between the deterministic, or factor-of-safety, approach to mechanical design and the more recent reliability, or stochastic, method. The resulting equations make it possible to incorporate stochastic data into determìnistic analyses, such as the finite element method. Estimates of design reliability can be calculated, based on the variation of the strength of the material and/or the stresses seen by the part while in service.
Severe chronic neutropenia: pathophysiology and therapy.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The development of recombinant-met human granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (r-metHuG-CSF) for clinical use has had a major influence on the treatment of many diseases. This impact has perhaps been greatest for treatment of severe chronic neutropenia (SCN) conditions for which there were no predictably effective treatment before the availability of these growth factors, particularly r-metHuG-CSF (Filgrastim, Amgen Inc, Thousand Oaks, CA; or Lenograstim, Rhone-Poulenc Rorer, Milan, Italy). Based on careful studies in many countries it is now known that more than 95% of these patients will respond promptly to r-metHuG-CSF treatment with normalization of the blood neutrophil levels and reduction in the occurrence of both major and minor consequences of their severe neutropenia. The availability of this treatment will undoubtedly lead to much additional research on the mechanisms governing neutrophil production and the basic mechanisms that can cause neutropenia among patients who have SCN. Among patients who have SCN those who are diagnosed to have severe congenital neutropenia (Kostmann's syndrome) or Shwachman-Diamond syndrome are at risk of developing myelodysplasia and/or acute myelogenous leukemia. The role of r-metHuG-CSF in facilitating the risk remains to be determined. Thus, it is important that long-term evaluation of the safety and efficacy of treatment of SCN and cooperation in research on these rare conditions proceed under the auspices of an international registry monitoring the clinical outcome of patients with severe congenital neutropenia.
Tauroursodeoxycholic Acid Protects against the Effects of P-Cresol-Induced Reactive Oxygen Species via the Expression of Cellular Prion Protein

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) could be a promising solution in the treatment of various diseases including chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress induced by ischemia in the area of application limits the integration and survival of MSCs in patients. In our study, we generated ER stress-induced conditions in MSCs using P-cresol. As P-cresol is a toxic compound accumulated in the body of CKD patients and induces apoptosis and inflammation through reactive oxygen species (ROS), we observed ER stress-induced MSC apoptosis activated by oxidative stress, which in turn resulted from ROS generation. To overcome stress-induced apoptosis, we investigated the protective effects of tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA), a bile acid, on ER stress in MSCs. In ER stress, TUDCA treatment of MSCs reduced ER stress-associated protein activation, including GRP78, PERK, eIF2α, ATF4, IRE1α, and CHOP. Next, to explore the protective mechanism adopted by TUDCA, TUDCA-mediated cellular prion protein (PrPC) activation was assessed. We confirmed that PrPC expression significantly increased ROS, which was eliminated by superoxide dismutase and catalase in MSCs. These findings suggest that TUDCA protects from inflammation and apoptosis in ER stress via PrPC expression. Our study demonstrates that TUDCA protects MSCs against inflammation and apoptosis in ER stress by PrPC expression in response to P-cresol exposure.