jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal Associations Between Smoking Cessation Medications and Alcohol Consumption Among Smokers in the International Tobacco Control Four Country Survey

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background Available evidence suggests that quitting smoking does not alter alcohol consumption. However, smoking cessation medications may have a direct impact on alcohol consumption independent of any effects on smoking cessation. Using an international longitudinal epidemiological sample of smokers, we evaluated whether smoking cessation medications altered alcohol consumption independent of quitting smoking. Methods Longitudinal data were analyzed from the I nternational T obacco C ontrol F our C ountry (ITC‐4) S urvey between 2007 and 2008, a telephone survey of nationally representative samples of smokers from the U nited K ingdom, A ustralia, C anada, and the U nited S tates ( n = 4,995). Quantity and frequency of alcohol consumption, use of smoking cessation medications (varenicline, nicotine replacement [ NRT ], and no medications), and smoking behavior were assessed across 2 yearly waves. Controlling for baseline drinking and changes in smoking status, we evaluated whether smoking cessation medications were associated with reduced alcohol consumption. Results Varenicline was associated with a reduced likelihood of any drinking compared with nicotine replacement ( OR = 0.56; 95% CI = 0.34 to 0.94), and consuming alcohol once a month or more compared to nicotine replacement ( OR = 0.43; 95% CI = 0.27 to 0.69) or no medication ( OR = 0.63; 95% CI = 0.41 to 0.99). Nicotine replacement was associated with an increased likelihood of consuming alcohol once a month or more compared to no medication ( OR = 1.14; 95% CI = 1.03 to 1.25). Smoking cessation medications were not associated with more frequent drinking (once a week or more) or typical quantity consumed per episode. Medication effects on drinking frequency were independent of smoking cessation. Conclusions This epidemiological investigation demonstrated that varenicline was associated with a reduced frequency of alcohol consumption. Continued work should clarify under what conditions nicotine replacement therapies may increase or decrease patterns of alcohol consumption.
Enhancement of thermoelectric power factor of Sr2CoMoO6 double perovskite by annealing in reducing atmosphere

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

In general, n-type thermoelectric materials are rather difficult to design. This study particularly pivoted on designing potential environmentally benign oxides based n-type thermoelectric material. We synthesized Sr2CoMoO6 (SCMO) polycrystalline ceramics via the solid-state synthesis route. XRD, SEM, and thermoelectric measurements were carried out for phase constitution, microstructure analysis, and to determine its potential for thermoelectric applications. As-sintered SCMO sample showed an insulator like behavior till 640 °C after which it exhibited an n-type non-degenerate semiconductor behavior followed by a p-n type conduction switching. To stabilize a high temperature n-type behavior, annealing of SCMO in reducing atmosphere (H2) at 1000 °C was carried out. After annealing, the SCMO demonstrated an n-type semiconductor behavior throughout the temperature range of measurement. The electrical conductivity (σ) and the power factor (S2σ) were found to be increased manifold in the annealed SCMO double perovskite.
One city, many networks: Brisbane's global position within multiple flows

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Interurban connectivity is a key theme within urban research. Cities mediate myriad flows through the actors and institutions within them, with ‘relational’ perspectives framing cities as sites of network convergence. Of particular interest has been the international dimension of interurban connectivity, and many researchers have sought to understand the interface between globalisation and urbanisation in the wake of neo-liberal and post-industrial restructuring that has fundamentally altered the global urban landscape. Taking inspiration from Brisbane’s recent marketing campaign which has positioned it as ‘Australia’s New World City’, this paper investigates multiple dimensions of Brisbane’s global networks. Innovating upon established theory in the ‘global cities’ tradition, Brisbane’s global position is analysed by quantifying various flows, including physical flows through Brisbane’s port, knowledge flows through exogenous research linkages, and human capital flows through Brisbane’s universities. Together, these networks provide a broad perspective on Brisbane’s global position and serve to advance understandings of how ‘global’ or ‘worlded’ claims might be substantiated through an empirical understanding of multiple flows. Although ‘global city’ status is elusive for Brisbane and other medium-sized cities, this paper makes the case that such cities are in fact global in many ways and that the specific connectivities of each should be better understood with regard to internationally oriented development policy.
Symptoms and symptom presentation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In the theory of medicine, symptoms are logically related to defined bodily derangements. In the practice of medicine, doctors see patients who experience and present their symptoms in a personal way. With the twofold aim of investigating the clinical significance of this gap and of tracing a practice oriented diagnostic competence, a study was conducted. Thirty-three general practitioners and eleven trainees and locums in primary care made diagnostic judgements, first from 16 symptoms presented in a concentrated written form, and then from the video-recordings of the actual presentations of the same symptoms. The hypothesis formulated was that doctors would increase their diagnostic accuracy after having seen the video-recordings. In the view of doctors, psycho-social causes became more important to their diagnoses after they had seen the video-tapes. When compared to the judgements made by a reference group of three general practitioners who had access to all clinical data on the patients, this change implied an increase of discrepancy of opinion (p < 0.00003) in symptoms of predominantly organic origin. This change was observed irrespective of clinical experience and sex of the doctor. Thus, the gap between theory and practice seems to be significant in terms of diagnostic judgement, but the hypothesis regarding the effect of a possible practice oriented competence could not be confirmed. On the contrary, psycho-social stereotypes regarding patients seem to have a considerable impact on early judgement. Emotional expressions and social characteristics become the targets of diagnosis rather than being regarded as integrated aspects of the symptom presentation.
[Role of ATP in regulating the oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex of the adrenal cortex].

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

At unsaturating concentration of 2-oxoglutarate, ATP markedly inhibited the adrenal oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex activity due to chelation of magnesium ions required for activity of the enzyme. At the same time, ATP opposed competitively the activating influence of a positive effector ADP.
Supplementary Figures S1-S9 from ADAPT, a Novel Scaffold Protein-Based Probe for Radionuclide Imaging of Molecular Targets That Are Expressed in Disseminated Cancers

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

<p>Analytical RP-HPLC analysis of purified DOTA-C-(HE)3-ADAPT6 ; Mass spectrum of purified DOTA-C-(HE)3-ADAPT6 ; Overlay of circular dichroism spectra from 250-195 nm for DOTA-C-(HE)3-ADAPT6 before (blue) and after (red) heating from 20-90{degree sign}C ; Normalized relative ellipticity of DOTA-C-(HE)3-ADAPT6 at 221 nm as a function of temperature ; SDS-PAGE analysis of 111In-DOTA-C-(HE)3-ADAPT6 ; Representative binding curve of the LigandTracer measurement of 111In-DOTA-C-(HE)3-ADAPT6 affinity using SKOV-3 cells ; InteractionMap of 111In-DOTA-C-(HE)3-ADAPT6 binding to SKOV-3 cells ; In vivo targeting specificity of 111In-DOTA-C-(HE)3-ADAPT6 (3 µg) in mice bearing SKOV-3 xenografts at 1 h p.i ; Biodistribution of 111In-DOTA-C-(HE)3-ADAPT6 in mice bearing SKOV-3 xenografts .</p>
PS-BPC08-4: IMPACT OF TESTOSTERONE REPLACEMENT THERAPY ON 24-HOUR AMBULATORY BLOOD PRESSUR E MEASUREMENTS IN MALES WITH OPIOID-INDUCED ANDROGEN DEFICIENCY. A PLACEBO-CONTROLLED RCT

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: The primary aim was to investigate the effects of testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) on 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure (24hABPM) in opioid-treated men with relative hypogonadism. The secondary aim was to evaluate potential effect modification of baseline body composition and red blood cell measurements on the impact of TRT on 24hABPM. Design and methods: This was a double blinded and placebo controlled study. Men aged > 18 years, treated with an opioid dosage > 50 mg opioid/day were eligible for inclusion if total testosterone (TT) was < 12 nmol/L. Participants were randomized to TRT (1,000 mg testosterone undecanoate) or placebo at 0, 6 and 18 weeks. Participants were examined before and during 24 weeks of TRT/placebo. Results: The two groups (TRT, n = 15 and placebo, n = 20) were comparable at baseline. TRT was associated with numerical increase in 24hABPM. The difference in changes from baseline of daytime systolic blood pressure (SBP) was 5.2 mmHg (P = 0.134) between the TRT group and the placebo group. In subgroup analysis, baseline values of body mass index (BMI), hematocrit (Hct) and hemoglobin (Hgb) levels displayed significant positive interaction on the effect of TRT on change in SBP compared to placebo. In participants with BMI above the study median (30.7 m2/kg), daytime SBP change from baseline was 17.6 mmHg [10.6, 24.6] (P = 0.002) in the TRT group and 0.4 mmHg [-5.5, 4.7] (P = 0.864) in the placebo group. In participants with Hct levels above the study median (0.43%), daytime SBP increased 8.4 mmHg [-1.9, 18.8] (P = 0.09) in the TRT group and decreased -2.3 mmHg [-11.3, 6.8] (P = 0.564) in the placebo group. Similarly, in participants with Hgb> 8.7 mmol/L daytime, SBP change was 11.2mmHg [0.6–21.7] (P = 0.041) in the TRT group and -2.9 mmHg [-4.1, 9.9] (P = 0.367) in the placebo group. Baseline cIMT also increased the strength of association between TRT and change in SBP. After adjusting for delta-BMI, delta-Hct remained significantly associated with increase in daytime SBP. An increase in 1 mmHg SBP was associated with an increase in Hct of 0.11% [0.10–0.22] (P = 0.032). Conclusions: Baseline levels of BMI, Hct, Hgb and cIMT, influence the effect of TRT on BP. The magnitude of BP increase is associated with increase in Hct levels.
The Metrology of X-ray Optical Components

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The differences in form and specifications of optical components used in the visible an X‐ray spectral regions have stimulated the development of different approaches to the measurement of the latter. In general, the grazing incidence configuration is less conducive to the employment of the traditional interferometric methods of measurement than the automated probe methods which are now being developed. Optical methods become increasingly more valuable and more easily interpretable, the closer the optic approaches perfection.
The Offer of Tourist Experiences in buenos Aires by Airbn6. Analysis of its Territorial Distribution

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In a context of touristic metropolization, symbolized by "live like a local" experiences, tourist information is increasingly produced by different actors. In this article, taking as a case study the metropolitan region of Buenos Aires, we analyze the offer of tourism experiences produced by Airbnb and by the local governments belonging to the metropolis. A cartography of this information allows us to obtain two results: first, the offer of tourism experiences is limited to a small part of the metropolitan territory; second, the offer by local governments is more numerous and has a greater spatial distribution than that of Airbnb. Both results are considered as contradicting Airbnb's "authenticity" rhetoric.
On Spiritual Edgework: The Logic of Extreme Ritual Performances

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Religion as a social form is constructed to provide adherents with a sense of empowerment and control. Rituals that involve a risk of physical or psychological injury or even death therefore would appear anomalous and indeed are frequently the objects of social scientific and journalistic denigration. Firewalking and serpent handling exemplify such rituals. I argue that these two radical ritual practices, which I term spiritual edgework, provide a valuable sociological window on how radical ritual practices are socially constructed. The social construction process involves the identification of a mythically relevant edge that offers: both contingency and certainty; individual and collective preparation for the impending edgework during which tensions are elevated for later ritual resolution; a ritualized process for successfully navigating the edge; and postedgework accounts that neutralize potential disconfirming injuries or deaths.
ANTI OXIDANT, MICROBIAL AND PHYTO CHEMICAL STUDIES OF CARICA PAPAYA MILK: A NATURAL HAND SANITIZER

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

In this study, the effect of Carica papayaagainst various microorganisms is evaluated using DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate) assay for antioxidant activity. The focus is on employing the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of papaya milk as a natural antimicrobial by preparing hand sanitizer.Papaya (Carica papaya Linn), a nutraceutical fruit well known for its nutritional values and potent medicinal properties such as antioxidant, anti-bacterial, anti-helminthic, anti-fungal, anti-hypertensive and anti-fertility, free radical scavenging activity [1-10]. The study includesextraction of C.papaya milk from C. papaya fruit and identification of phytochemical constituents by performing chemical tests. Preparation of sanitizer with 5ml and 7ml of C. Papaya Milk for 10 ml sanitizer.Evaluation of antimicrobial activity of prepared sanitizer on cultures from hand using spread plate method.Determination of sanitizing ability was done by calculating percent reduction in colony forming units (CFU) before and after sanitization. Evaluation of antioxidant activity by in vitro DPPH Scavenging method.The standard sanitizer had shown 75% effectiveness, isopropyl alcohol shows90% effectiveness, and finally sanitizer which is prepared from papaya milk was found to be 58% effective against micro-organisms.
Heat Shock Proteins in Glioblastoma Biology: Where Do We Stand?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are evolutionary conserved proteins that work as molecular chaperones and perform broad and crucial roles in proteostasis, an important process to preserve the integrity of proteins in different cell types, in health and disease. Their function in cancer is an important aspect to be considered for a better understanding of disease development and progression. Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most frequent and lethal brain cancer, with no effective therapies. In recent years, HSPs have been considered as possible targets for GBM therapy due their importance in different mechanisms that govern GBM malignance. In this review, we address current evidence on the role of several HSPs in the biology of GBMs, and how these molecules have been considered in different treatments in the context of this disease, including their activities in glioblastoma stem-like cells (GSCs), a small subpopulation able to drive GBM growth. Additionally, we highlight recent works that approach other classes of chaperones, such as histone and mitochondrial chaperones, as important molecules for GBM aggressiveness. Herein, we provide new insights into how HSPs and their partners play pivotal roles in GBM biology and may open new therapeutic avenues for GBM based on proteostasis machinery.
Experimental Investigation of a Photovoltaic-Powered Solar Cassava Dryer

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

This communication describes the design and experimental performance evaluation of a photovoltaic (PV)-powered solar drying system suitable for processing of export-grade cassava developed at the National Centre for Energy Research and Development, University of Nigeria, Nsukka. The drying system, which is capable of handling about 50 kg of fresh crop per batch, comprises an 8.40 m2 roof-type solar collector; a drying unit with five trays, each with a cross-sectional area of 0.60 m2; and a PV-powered 90 WAC blower. The experience gained with the solar drying system described here indicates that, in essence, the unit is structurally and functionally operative. The experimental results suggest that, even under unfavorable weather conditions, the unit is able to produce good quality products. Although the active dryer is more expensive than a passive drying system of comparable capacity, it is nonetheless suitable for application in rural, off-grid agricultural settlements in Nigeria.
TAXONOMIC STUDIES ON THE HIOCHI-BACTERIA, SPECIFIC SAPROPHYTES OF SAKE

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Further examinations have been carried out for identification and classification of hiochi-bacteria, from the stand point of lactic acid-bacteriology.The characteristics of 'true hiochi-bacllli', both homo- and heterofermenters, do not coincide with those of any species which have hitherto been known. So the authors have proposed the names Lactobacillus homohiochii and L. heterohiochii nov. sp. respectively.The 64 strains used throughout this research are classified as follows:Spheres: Heterofermenting D-lactic acid former.....Leuconostoc mesenteroides (1 strain).Rods: Heterofermenting, as a rule DL-formers.Hiochic acid independent, xylose is fermented..... Lactobacillus fermentum (4 strains).Hiochic acid essential, ferment only glucose and fructose.....Lactobacillus heterohiochii n. sp. (44 strains)HomofermentingHiochic acid independent, pentose-fermenting, DL-former....Lactobacillus plantarum (1 strain).pentoses not fermented, DL+L-former....Lactobacillus acidophilus (3 strains).Hiochic acid promotive, D+DL-formers.....Lactobacillus homohiochii varieties (4 strains).Hiochic acid essential, D- or D+DL-formers....Lactobacillus homohiochii n, sp. (7 strains).
RESEARCH ON THE EFFECT OF CHINESE FINANCIAL ACTIVITIES ON SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

With the continuous development of China's economic level, accelerating industrial upgrading and transformation, building an innovative society has become a new development goal. Financial activities are closely related to economic development. Therefore, studying the impact of China's financial activities on technological innovation is of great significance. This article uses the data indicators in the field of financial activities and technological innovation in China from 2002 to 2018 to construct a vector error correction model (VEC), analyze the implicit correlation between financial activities and technological innovation, and study the promotion of technological innovation by financial activities and put forward policy recommendations to promote the development of China’s financial industry and enhance technological innovation.
Instability in trade flows as a cause of economic stagnation in Africa: an error-correction test

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Abstract This paper identifies export instability as an additional cause of changes in GDP. Instability is measured by deviations of exports from their trend values. A multivariate error-correction model that incorporates export instability is tested on individual time series data (1967–1990) for twenty-one African countries. The results indicate reduction in export-earnings but not any significant decline in GDP growth due to instability. Half of these countries experienced export-to-growth causality, with a reverse causality in three-fourths of them. The results are sensitive to both the omission of variables and the test procedure used.
The zinc-finger transcription factor Snail downregulates proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression in colorectal carcinoma cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The Snail family of zinc-finger protein is a transcription repressor that is involved in the development of vertebrate and invertebrate embryos as well as in tumor progression. This family leads to broad biological functions such as cell differentiation, cell motility, cell cycle regulation and apoptosis. However, the target genes of Snail remain little known. In this study, we found several potential Snail binding sequences in the 5'-flanking region of human PCNA gene. Cotransfection experiments showed that Snail reduces human PCNA gene promoter activity in colorectal carcinoma cell lines, HCT116 and Colo320HSR. Snail-reduced PCNA expression was detected in immunoblotting and immunochemistry. In BrdU incorporation experiment, Snail inhibited the BrdU incorporation. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays showed that Snail can bind to the potential Snail recognition sites in the human PCNA promoter. Taken together, our results suggest that Snail may have an inhibitory effect on cell proliferation through down-regulation of PCNA expression as a novel target.
MAX for $k$-independence in multigraphs

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

For a fixed positive integer $k$, a set $S$ of vertices of a graph or multigraph is called a $k$-independent set if the subgraph induced by $S$ has maximum degree less than $k$. The well-known algorithm MAX finds a maximal $k$-independent set in a graph or multigraph by iteratively removing vertices of maximum degree until what remains has maximum degree less than $k$. We give an efficient procedure that determines, for a given degree sequence $D$, the smallest cardinality $b(D)$ of a $k$-independent set that can result from any application of MAX to any loopless multigraph with degree sequence $D$. This analysis of the worst case is sharp for each degree sequence $D$ in that there exists a multigraph $G$ with degree sequence $D$ such that some application of MAX to $G$ will result in a $k$-independent set of cardinality exactly $b(D)$.