jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Cyclical disparity on catch configuration and effects of fishing gears on fish production of north-western part of the Chalan Beel, Bangladesh

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

This study provides an overview of the seasonal variation on catch composition, the pattern of gear used and their effects on fish production and management system of north-western part of the Chalan beel. Results of the study revealed that annual beel cycle can be divided into four phases namely, resting, preparatory, growing and decay. Harvesting of fishes in chalan beel was done by using a variety of fishing gears. A total of 27 different types of fishing gears were recorded during investigation period from the study area of the beel. Recorded fishing gears were categorized into three major types which were net, trap and wounding gear. Marked seasonal variation was observed in the use of gears which mostly dependent on the flooding and water depths of the beel. A total of 62 fish species were recorded from this study area including 51 indigenous fish species and 11 exotic species. Fishes were recorded under following 12 fish orders-Cypriniformes, Siluriformes, Perciformes, Channiformes, Mastacembeliformes, Clupeiformes, Osteoglossiformes, Cyprinodontiformes, Anguiliformes, Synbranchiformes, Beloniformes and Tetraodontiformes. Some gears like Shuti jal, Current jal, Khora jal, Ber jal/Badai jal and some traps and specialized fishing methods were identified as very harmful to the sustainable production of the beel as well as to the wild brood stock of these natural water bodies. About 8 fish species were recorded as threatened species due to irresponsible fishing. Overall fish production level of the study area was not satisfactory which ranged from 350-400 kg/ha/yr.
Multiple reciprocal chromosomal translocations and their role in the evolution of sociality in termites

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Permanent sex-linked translocation heterozygosity is a common feature in many species of termites. It has been suggested that this phenomenon, maintained by a multiple sex-determining chromosome mechanism, may have favoured the evolution of eusociality among this group of insects. In this review we discuss this interpretation and suggest that the translocations may be attributed mainly to the high degree of inbreeding characterizing many species of termites, especially the Italian populations of Reticulitermes lucifugus.
Learning Relevant Questions for Conversational Product Search using Deep Reinforcement Learning

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We propose RelQuest, a conversational product search model based on reinforcement learning to generate questions from product descriptions in each round of the conversation, directly maximizing any desired metrics (i.e., the ultimate goal of the conversation), objectives, or even an arbitrary user satisfaction signal. By enabling systems to ask questions about user needs, conversational product search has gained increasing attention in recent years. Asking the right questions through conversations helps the system collect valuable feedback to create better user experiences and ultimately increase sales. In contrast, existing conversational product search methods are based on an assumption that there is a set of effectively pre-defined candidate questions for each product to be asked. Moreover, they make strong assumptions to estimate the value of questions in each round of the conversation. Estimating the true value of questions in each round of the conversation is not trivial since it is unknown. Experiments on real-world user purchasing data show the effectiveness of RelQuest at generating questions that maximize standard evaluation measures such as NDCG.
Herpetofauna of the Mt. Acha, Seoul

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

To investigate of fauna for 하nphibians and reptiles in Mt.Acha, a survey of Mt.Acha was conducted from August to October, 2005.As a result, It investigated 6 species of the amphibians and 2 species of the reptiles for this survey, and. it need to conservation for habi없t such as rice-field, pond because almost all species were discovering rice-field and neighboring area.
LAMA tumor in the rat as an experimental model for pre-B-cell leukemia.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

A late pre-B-cell leukemia model in the rat, the LAMA tumor, is described. A mouse monoclonal antibody (HIS30) was developed against LAMA cells. HIS30 reacts with a membrane antigen in tumor tissue, whereas its reactivity with normal tissues is limited to the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex and to the adrenal medulla. HIS30 was used for both the immunohistological detection of tumor cells in tissue sections and the immunolocalization of tumor cells in vivo. To enable in vitro studies with the LAMA model, an in vitro growing cell line (LAMA-K1) was established from the LAMA tumor. LAMA-K1 is immunophenotypically similar to the original tumor. Two tumor transplantation models were characterized. In the first model LAMA was implanted s.c., and local tumor growth occurred at the injection site, which was then followed by lymphatogenic and subsequently hematogenic tumor spread. In the second model i.v. transplantation caused direct hematogenic tumor dissemination. In both models early dissemination was especially prominent to the bone marrow, spleen, and liver. Later in the disease most visceral organs became involved, and partial paralysis of the animal was observed in the end stage of the disease. In combination with HIS30, the LAMA pre-B-cell tumor offers a model for both the investigation of in vivo transplanted tumor cells and for the in vivo detection of tumor cells by HIS30 in LAMA tumor-bearing rats.
[Importance of gene mutation analysis as prognostic factor of acute myeloid leukemia].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In acute myeloid leukemia (AML), a number of chromosomal abnormalities and gene mutations associated with onset and recurrence were discovered by the recent progress of genome analysis technology. The founding did not only have clinical application as prognostic factors and minimal residual disease markers but also contributed to novel molecular targeted drug development. Many new drugs, such as first-generation FLT3 inhibitor, IDH1/2 inhibitor, and BCL2 inhibitor, have been developed in Europe and the United States. In addition, the second-generation FLT3 inhibitors, gilteritinib and quizartinib, were developed in Japan, which significantly improved the treatment outcome of AML. However, there is still a large disparity in drug availability between Europe and the United States and Japan. As a result, treatment guidelines in Europe and the United States cannot be applied to practical use in Japan. This paper presents an outline of the prognosis stratification and indication of allogenic hematopoietic cell transplantation for AML by gene diagnosis in Japan.
The Peculiarities of Visual Perception in the Peripheral Vision Field 1

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Experimental data on the local spatial nonuniformity of the acuity of sensory tuning in the human peripheral vision field are presented. In addition to the known macrodynamics of visual acuity in the direction from the fovea to the periphery estimated in a series of 10 ° areas of the field of vision, a local alteration of high- and low-selective microareas with periods of 4 ° -8 ° is demonstrated. The subject's reaction time in response to stimuli and the parameters of eye movements were used to estimate the subject's functional state during the experiment. Local nonuniformity can be related to the basic mechanisms of context encoding of the foveal information and determine priority in choosing the next fixation point prior to estimating the perceptual impor- tance of the object.
Wirus z Chin kontra grypa z Czech

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Świat drzy w obawie przed chinskim wirusem. Tymczasem tuz za naszą granicą w środku Europy śmiertelne zniwo zbiera wirus grypy. Czeski wirus jest nie tylko geograficznie blizej, ale tez bardziej zaraźliwy i śmiertelny. A mimo to media nie panikują.
A rare CALR exon 9 mutation p.E379Vfs*53 in AYA generation exhibits gain-of-function nature and can induce essential thrombocythemia; a case report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Current therapeutic strategies for essential thrombocythemia (ET) are mainly considered to prevent thrombo-hemorrhagic events, without increasing the rate of fibrotic progression or leukemic evolution. To treat the patients appropriately, the precise diagnosis of ET is essential. Although approximately 30% of ET cases are diagnosed as CALR mutation-positive; commercially available polymerase chain reaction-based methods for CALR mutation can detect only a limited variation of CALR mutations. We report the case of a 29-year-old woman admitted to our hospital because of thrombocytosis for 3 years. Leukocytosis, erythrocytosis, and JAK2 V617F and MPL mutations were not detected. CALR mutation analysis for types 1–5 was negative, however Sanger sequencing identified a novel mutation, c.1136–1142 del7 insTCCTCTGTCCTT. In vitro assay revealed this mutation as a gain-of-function mutation where the C-terminus of calreticulin is altered. In silico analysis showed that the current mutation is considered as type-I CALR mutation like category, which is considered more likely to develop overt myelofibrosis. Our findings emphasize the importance of thorough genetic screening for patients with thrombocytosis, including those who standard CALR mutation assays produce negative results. In view of prognostic risk classification, identifying such novel mutations and determining their functional consequences can substantially improve the diagnostic accuracy and may provide future therapeutic opportunity.
British Dietetic Association Guidelines for the Dietary Management of Chronic Constipation in Adults

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Background Current clinical guidelines for chronic constipation offer limited dietary recommendations. The aim of this project was to develop the first comprehensive evidence‐based dietary guidelines for the management of chronic constipation in adults. Methods Four systematic reviews and meta‐analyses were performed to identify eligible randomised controlled trials (RCTs). The findings generated from the meta‐analyses were then used to develop guideline statements using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach and a Delphi consensus survey among a multi‐disciplinary expert Guideline Steering Committee. Recommendation statements were produced for treatment response, stool output, gut symptoms, adverse events, and quality of life, and only based on the findings where ≥ 2 RCTs contributed to the meta‐analysis. The strength of recommendation was assessed using the GRADE approach. Consensus voting amongst the Guideline Steering Committee was performed using a modified Delphi survey approach. Results The four systematic reviews included a total of 75 RCTs. Fifty‐nine dietary recommendation statements were generated and accepted through the Delphi survey. For dietary supplements, 15 recommendation statements relate to fibre supplements, 20 relate to probiotics, 2 to synbiotics, 5 to magnesium oxide, 2 to senna, and 3 to kiwifruit supplements. For foods, three recommendation statements related to kiwifruits, two to prunes, and two to rye bread. For drinks, five recommendation statements related to high mineral‐containing water. No recommendations were made for whole diet approaches due to a lack of evidence. Twelve statements had a very low level of evidence, 39 had a low level of evidence, and 8 had moderate evidence. Twenty‐seven statements were strong recommendations, and 32 were qualified recommendations. Conclusions These are the first comprehensive evidence‐based dietary guidelines for the management of constipation based upon a robust systematic review and GRADE processes. Recommendations were made for dietary supplements, foods and drinks that have never been previously included in clinical guidelines, and can now be rapidly implemented into clinical practice, thereby improving clinical care and patient outcomes.
Comparison of Multiple State-of-the-Art Large Language Models for Patient Education Prior to CT and MRI Examinations

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background/Objectives: This study compares the accuracy of responses from state-of-the-art large language models (LLMs) to patient questions before CT and MRI imaging. We aim to demonstrate the potential of LLMs in improving workflow efficiency, while also highlighting risks such as misinformation. Methods: There were 57 CT-related and 64 MRI-related patient questions displayed to ChatGPT-4o, Claude 3.5 Sonnet, Google Gemini, and Mistral Large 2. Each answer was evaluated by two board-certified radiologists and scored for accuracy/correctness/likelihood to mislead using a 5-point Likert scale. Statistics compared LLM performance across question categories. Results: ChatGPT-4o achieved the highest average scores for CT-related questions and tied with Claude 3.5 Sonnet for MRI-related questions, with higher scores across all models for MRI (ChatGPT-4o: CT [4.52 (± 0.46)], MRI: [4.79 (± 0.37)]; Google Gemini: CT [4.44 (± 0.58)]; MRI [4.68 (± 0.58)]; Claude 3.5 Sonnet: CT [4.40 (± 0.59)]; MRI [4.79 (± 0.37)]; Mistral Large 2: CT [4.25 (± 0.54)]; MRI [4.74 (± 0.47)]). At least one response per LLM was rated as inaccurate, with Google Gemini answering most often potentially misleading (in 5.26% for CT and 2.34% for MRI). Mistral Large 2 was outperformed by ChatGPT-4o for all CT-related questions (p < 0.001) and by ChatGPT-4o (p = 0.003), Google Gemini (p = 0.022), and Claude 3.5 Sonnet (p = 0.004) for all CT Contrast media information questions. Conclusions: Even though all LLMs performed well overall and showed great potential for patient education, each model occasionally displayed potentially misleading information, highlighting the clinical application risk.
REGISTRATION OF VOTERS WITHIN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CONSTITUTIONAL DEMOCRACY: CASE STUDY OF REGISTER OF VOTERS IN 2014 GENERAL ELECTION

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

<p align="center"><strong>ABSTRACT <br /></strong></p><p>Voting right is citizen’s constitutional rights. There is nothing that can obscure it, not to mention negate it, as long as it is not against the moral, religious, public stability and security values. The action to negate the voting rights is an act of dismissal of democratic constitutional values. Indeed, the democratic values strongly upheld the citizens’ rights, including the voting rights. The correlation between the voting rights and the general election administration is a synergic correlation to create conducive election as mandated by the constitution. Administration role should not have been an obstacle for upholding the constitutional democratic values, rather, it becomes a filter in regulating each citizen in using their voting rights to ensure the legal certainty, either from technical aspects, which is the accurate ballot counting, or from substantive aspect that is to ensure the legal certainty in conducting the accountable general election. In deciding the voters, several things should be prioritized such as first, the administrative management of general election related to the population administration; and, second, the voting rights transformed into the List of Fixed Voters (DPT). Administrative data of population is a baseline data and the data source for establishing the List of Fixed Voters (DPT).</p><em>Keywords<strong>: </strong>Constitutional democracy, general election, voters’ administration, and rights, the list of fixed voter. </em>
Phenylethanoid Glycosides in Plantago media L. Organs Obtained in In Vitro Cultures

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Micropropagation of Plantago media L. and the presence of phenolic compounds in organs of multiplied plants were investigated for the first time. Multiplication of plant material was achieved in shoot-tip cultures and via direct organogenesis on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with four variants of plant growth regulators (M1–M4). The best multiplication coefficient – 9.2 was obtained in seedling shoot-tip cultures on MS medium M3 with BA 0.2 mg/L and IAA 1.0 mg/L. Methanol extracts prepared separately from shoots and roots of in vitroderived plantlets were found to contain typical of the genus Plantago L. phenylethanoid glycosides as the only phenolics. Acteoside and plantamajoside were the major compounds – both known to possess a wide range of promising biological activities applicable for medicinal (therapeutic) and cosmetic uses. Martynoside, as a trace constituent, was also found for the first time in the studied species. The quantitative screening of the extracts by TLC video densitometric method showed a higher content of acteoside in shoots (range 62.43–93.03 mg/g, dry weight) and plantamajoside in roots (range 22.45–44.08 mg/g); the highest recorded values – 93.03 mg/g and 44.08 mg/g, respectively, were found in the organs obtained on MS medium M4 with BA 2.0 mg/L.
The Influence of the Non-Liquefied Crust on the Severity of Surficial Liquefaction Manifestations: Case History from the 2016 Valentine’s Day Earthquake in New Zealand

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The influence of the non-liquefied crust that overlies a liquefied deposit on the severity of surficial liquefaction manifestations has been noted for several decades. In 1985, Ishihara proposed a generalize relationship relating the thicknesses of the non-liquefied crust and of the liquefied stratum to the severity of surficial liquefaction manifestations. Although subsequent studies using data from multiple earthquakes give credence to Ishihara's relationship, the implementation of the procedure is tenuous for all but the simplest of profiles. In an effort to overcome issues with implementing the Ishihara relationship, new procedures have been proposed for predicting the severity of surficial liquefaction manifestations. The efficacies of two of these procedures are currently being assessed in a study using unique case history data from the 2016, Mw5.7 Valentine's Day earthquake that impacted Christchurch, New Zealand. Preliminary results from this study show that both procedures yield predictions that are in accord with field observations. However, the final results from the ongoing study are expected to more fully assess the efficacies of these procedures.
Studies directed toward the total synthesis of tedanolide and studies of conformationally controlled E2 elimination reactions in acyclic systems.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

This dissertation describes research directed toward the total synthesis of the marine natural product tedanolide; specifically focusing on the synthesis of a C(1)--C(12) fragment that will be used in a highly selective methyl ketone aldol reaction. In addition to these efforts, studies concerning the regioselectivity of conformationally controlled E2 elimination reactions in acyclic systems is discussed. At the outset of the synthesis of the C(1)--C(12) fragment of tedanolide, it was envisioned that a highly regioselective E2 elimination reaction could be utilized to install the C(8)--C(9) E-trisubstituted olefin. Unfortunately, it was discovered that steric shielding coupled with free rotation around the polypropionate backbone resulted in the highly selective formation of the undesired Z-oelfin. Therefore, it was necessary to design a polypropionate system that would provide a better model for the synthesis of E-trisubstituted olefins. This was accomplished by the synthesis of a ten carbon chain with methyl substituents at C(2,4,6 and 8; having a 1,3 anti relationship) and oxygen substituents at C(3,5 and 7; having a 1,3 anti relationship). The activation of the C(5) hydroxyl by its transformation to a mesylate allowed for an extensive study on the regioselectivity of an E2 elimination governed by conformational control through steric interactions. The E2 elimination did prove to be selective, however, a predominating Grob fragmentation limited the scope and utility of this methodology. Ultimately, this methodology was abandoned and an emphasis was placed on the synthesis of the C(1)--C(12) fragment through more traditional synthetic methods. During the synthesis of the C(1)--C(12) fragment of tedanolide vinyl anion, Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons and aldol coupling strategies were examined. Finally, a selective ethyl ketone aldol reaction for the installation of the C(6)--C(7) bond afforded the most concise and selective synthesis of the C(1)--C(12) fragment. Coupling of the C(1)--C(12) methyl ketone fragment with the C(13)--C(21) aldehyde fragment proved to be efficient and highly selective. Examination of post coupling modifications provided insight into the final strategy of the tedanolide synthesis, but were ultimately unsuccessful.
Developing a logical model of yeast metabolism

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

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Hospital-Location Classification and Analysis in the Healthcare Cold Chain using K-means Algorithm

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Logistics and supply chain management for the healthcare sector is concerned with activities related to production, storage, and distribution. Relevant stakeholders are from various parties, which are inclusive of material supplier, manufacturer, distribution center, regional hospital, provincial hospital, as well as patients. In this research, we analyze the locational data of hospital using a case study of hospitals in Thailand to evaluate potential locational center acting as a central storage and distribution centers. Initially, we apply the K-means algorithm to classify hospital locational data into a specified number of classification groups. Then, the location model based on rectilinear distance is formulated and minimized to evaluate potential locations for the central storage and distribution centers. Our initial study provides promising result and is subject to the on-going development of the healthcare cold chain model in our research study.