jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The most suitable cereal varieties (wheat, rye,…) for agroforestry systems (PA)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Cereals are usually linked to human and livestock production. Extreme heats associated to climate change can be linked with cereal production losses. Therefore the production of cereals associated to silvoarable agroforestry systems that reduces temperatures in the crop environment due to the shade is seen as a good strategy to adapt cereal crops to climate change. However, most of cereal varieties that are sold were selected to be grown in open sites, and therefore there is a need of selecting cereal varieties to be developed under shade. A experiment was carried out in a greenhouse where 45 commercial varieties of wheat, maize and rye were evaluated with simulated shade. Rye and wheat were sown in autumn without shade and when tree leaves sprout outdoors, the cereal varieties were shaded with a mesh in the greenhouse, while maize evaluation was tested with shade because maize is a species that is developed during summer. The experiment showed that for rye and wheat there were differences among varieties with regard to the behavior when grain and forage production under shade was considered, while maize production was seriously limited in most of the varieties.
Filter bank based spectrum sensor for cognitive radios

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Cognitive radios are wireless communication networks that are able to reliably sense the spectral environment over a wide bandwidth. These radios are lower priority unlicensed users, which exploit cognitive radio techniques, to ensure non-interfering co-existence with the licensed users. Spectrum sensing is one of the most important attributes of cognitive radios. This is because unlicensed users must be able to detect the unused frequency spectrum efficiently to minimize interference to other users. In this report, we study the application of filter bank based spectrum sensor for cognitive radios. It has been known that discrete Fourier transform filter bank (DFTFB) is an efficient method for implementing the spectrum sensor for cognitive radio. Therefore, by building the DFT processor using fast Fourier transform (FFT) algorithm, a four-point DFTFB is implemented. In order to investigate the performance of a higher order spectrum sensor, we expanded the four-point filter bank into an eight-point filter bank. As the DFTFB requires polyphase components to be implemented for the prototype digital filter, careful consideration is made to the designs of it. The spectrum sensing approach used in this project is energy detection because of its simplicity. The performance analysis of four-point and eight-point DFTFB based spectrum sensors is presented by giving different input signals. It is shown that higher order spectrum sensor is a better option when the input signals are closely located or the vacant spectrum is narrow. A more reliable method of spectrum sensing is identified as the cooperative sensing technique which can be used to further enhance the system.
On The Efficient Implementation Of A Serial And Parallel Decomposition Algorithm For Fast Support Vector Machine Training Including A Multi-Parameter Kernel

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This work deals with aspects of support vector machine learning for large-scale data mining tasks. Based on a decomposition algorithm for support vector machine training that can be run in serial as well as shared memory parallel mode we introduce a transformation of the training data that allows for the usage of an expensive generalized kernel without additional costs. We present experiments for the Gaussian kernel, but usage of other kernel functions is possible, too. In order to further speed up the decomposition algorithm we analyze the critical problem of working set selection for large training data sets. In addition, we analyze the influence of the working set sizes onto the scalability of the parallel decomposition scheme. Our tests and conclusions led to several modifications of the algorithm and the improvement of overall support vector machine learning performance. Our method allows for using extensive parameter search methods to optimize classification accuracy.
Assessment Improving and Organizing Mechanism of Water Users Cooperatives Using AHP Method in Esfarayen County, Iran

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Institutionalization of Water Users’ Cooperatives (WUAS) is one of the strategies for cooperative irrigation management, which lays the foundation for the participation of farmers in tackling water shortage challenge to reach the objectives of sustainable management of agricultural water in an efficient manner. The main purpose of the present study was to identify the grounds for improving WUAs and prioritizing the effective factors for developing and strengthening these cooperatives. The statistical population was comprised of experts and members of the board of directors as well as elite farmers who were WUAs members in 2015 (n=40). The interviewees were selected through consensus sampling. The analytic hierarchy process was used to prioritize the mechanism of improvement and development of WUAs. Based on the final weights of the criteria, the mechanisms received the following scores: supportive mechanism (0.266), agricultural irrigation management (0.261), economic mechanism (0.183), education and extension (0.123), and legal mechanism (0.090) and WUA’s members’ attitude (0.076). Accordingly, the supportive, agricultural irrigation management and economic mechanisms were the most important mechanisms to improve WUAs. Hence, it is recommended that low-interest financing should be provided by the Agriculture Jihad Organization in collaboration with the Agricultural Bank for transforming from traditional irrigation to localized irrigation.
A new Nearctic species of Atrichopogon (Meleohelea) and a redescription of Atrichopogon (M.) chilensis Ingram & Macfie (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Tóthová, Andrea, Spinelli, Gustavo R., Marino, Pablo I. (2009): A new Nearctic species of Atrichopogon (Meleohelea) and a redescription of Atrichopogon (M.) chilensis Ingram & Macfie (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Zootaxa 2023: 47-54, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.274735
Degeneration and Rupture of the Achilles Tendon

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

An analysis was perfomed on 32 operative cases of Achilles tendon disease. Two patient classifications emerged. One group suffering an acute rupture of the Achilles tendon with no antecedent complaints, and the second group had a history of chronic pain, weakness and functional loss. This latter group could be further differentiated by the occurrence of tendon failure in 10 of 22 cases. Surgical exploration in the group with chronic complaints demonstrated a high incidence of diffuse reactive changes such as fibrinoid and myxomatous degeneration, fibroisis and metaplastic calcification. Degenerative disease of the Achilles tendon should be recognized and treated not as a simple injury but as a pathological lesion.
International Organizations and Civilian Protection: Power, Ideas and Humanitarian Aid in Conflict Zones

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Despite the proliferation of international humanitarian and human rights laws since the end of the Cold War, there has been an erosion of the practical immunity of civilians caught up in armed conflicts. Here, Sreeram Chaulia explores the attempts of international humanitarian organizations to relieve the plight of these civilians, offering a unique insight into the motivations and effects of these organizations at the grass-roots level in conflict zones. By using a theoretical framework to examine the realities of humanitarian assistance, this analysis offers invaluable conclusions for those involved in the study of Politics and International Relations, as well as those concerned with practicalities of conflict resolution and peacekeeping.
Managing Abidance by Standards for the Protection of the Environment

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract There are two core ideas underpinning international environmental law, namely ‘prevention’ and ‘balance’. The idea of prevention is enshrined in an array of principles such as those of no-harm, prevention, precaution, cooperation, prior informed consent, and environmental impact assessment which, in turn, can be found at the basis of many multilateral environmental agreements. The basic message carried by these principles is that environmental damage may be irreversible. Therefore, it is of vital importance to foster compliance with environmental standards, through monitoring and other means, rather than to determine responsibility through an adjudication mechanism once damage has occurred. The main focus of a judicious reformer should be on strengthening the means to monitor, facilitate, and manage compliance, as well as to carve out sufficient space for environmental considerations to be taken into account in specialized adjudication mechanisms. Four principal avenues are suggested for action to enhance compliance with environmental standards.
How fairly am I assessing my students? Equipping teachers with a tool to learn about their own assessment practices: Theory and development of the Fairness Barometer.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

It seems safe to say that the vital question of adequacy, precision, and fairness of grades is as old as the introduction of a grading system to schools and other educational institutions. In recent years, however, this topic has attracted a lot of research interest. Particularly in the wake of the No Child Left Behind Act of 2002, teacher accountability and how to measure it have become increasingly important to educational actors and researchers alike (Levy, Keller, Brunner, Fischbach, 2017). Consequently, multiple studies have examined teachers’ diagnostic abilities, especially their accuracy in assessing students’ competencies (e.g. Kaiser, Südkamp, Möller, 2017; Schrader, 2013; Südkamp, Kaiser, Möller, 2012; Tobisch & Dresel, 2017). The present paper complements this view by discussing a newly developed questionnaire that captures whether students themselves feel that they are being assessed in a fair and just way by their teachers: the Fairness Barometer. Capturing three different dimensions of fairness (informational fairness, interpersonal fairness, and procedural fairness), the questionnaire is intended to be administered by teachers who want to learn more about their own assessment practices through student feedback. By exclusively considering strategies and behaviors teachers can change, the Fairness Barometer provides clear guidance for improving current assessment practices; its questions were also carefully selected to avoid provoking unrealistic expectations in students. On the basis of two studies measuring perceived teacher fairness in the subjects Mathematics, English, and German among roughly 600 students, we will discuss the factorial structure of the Fairness Barometer and the relationship between fairness and self-reported grades. Results are promising and show that students of all competency levels are capable of judging their teachers’ assessment practices in a nuanced way. By developing the Fairness Barometer, we hope to equip teachers with a tool that is easy to administer and actually helps them to develop and improve their often criticized diagnostic competencies.
Synthetic Nucleosides. LXIII.1,2 Synthesis and Reactions of Some α-Sulfonyloxy Oxo Sugars

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthetic Nucleosides. LXIII.1,2 Synthesis and Reactions of Some α-Sulfonyloxy Oxo SugarsB. R. Baker and David H. BussCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1965, 30, 7, 2304–2308Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1965https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01018a044https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01018a044research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views114Altmetric-Citations57LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Equilibrium Wage-Tenure Contracts

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

In this study we consider a labor market matching model where firms post wage-tenure contracts and workers, both employed and unemployed, search for new job op-portunities. Given workers are risk averse, we establish there is a unique equilibrium in the environment considered. Although firms in the market make different offers in equilibrium, all post a wage-tenure contract that implies a worker’s wage increases smoothly with tenure at the firm. As firms make different offers, there is job turnover, as employed workers move jobs as the opportunity arises. This implies the increase in a worker’s wage can be due to job-to-job movements as well as wage-tenure effects. Further, there is a nondegenerate equilibrium distribution of initial wage offers that is differentiable on its support except for a mass point at the lowest initial wage. We also show that relevant characteristics of the equilibrium can be written as explicit functions of preferences and the other market parameters.
Fault tolerant photodiode and photogate active pixel sensors

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

As digital imaging arrays increase in size and resolution, defect correction could lower costs and improve yields. A fault tolerant active pixel sensor (APS) has been designed that will operate in the presence of a single point defect. The photosensitive area of the pixel is split in half and both halves operate in parallel. The output of each half is combined using a common row select transistor. The common pixel defects are optically stuck high (bright pixel) and optically stuck low (dark pixel). Simulations showed that a non-defective pixel would function normally and if one pixel half was defective, the other half would operate normally with half the sensitivity of a non-defective pixel. Fault tolerant photodiode and photogate APS' were designed and fabricated in CMOS 0.18-micron technology. Half stuck high and half stuck low defects were induced on the fault tolerant pixels and the sensitivity ratio of non-defective to half defective pixels was measured (ideally 2). The experimental ratios ranged from 1.89 (stuck high) and 2.02 (stuck low) for the photodiode APS to 1.73 (stuck low) and 1.77 (stuck high) for the photogate APS. Non-defective fault tolerant pixels have also shown a 2x increase in sensitivity over normal APS'.
Photoemission studies of lanthanum-nickel-copper (LaNi5-xCux) alloys and relation to hydride formation

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotoemission studies of lanthanum-nickel-copper (LaNi5-xCux) alloys and relation to hydride formationW. E. Wallace and F. PourarianCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1982, 86, 25, 4958–4961Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100222a026https://doi.org/10.1021/j100222a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views69Altmetric-Citations29LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Novel filter design incorporating asymmetrical stripline Y-junction circulators

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Theoretical treatments of an asymmetrical stripline Y-junction circulator have been carried out. These include a formulation of the circulation conditions of an asymmetrical circulator as well as its transmission characteristics under wide-frequency-band consideration. It is found that filter designs incorporating circulators are very plausible and give rise to a narrow transmission band around the desired transmission frequency and a wide stopband extending many times the fundamental transmission frequency. In this design, high order mode excitations inherent in other filter designs are attenuated. In addition, owing to the off-resonance operation of the ferrites, present design could be applied under higher power conditions than traditional resonant ferrite filters.< >
The Curious Case of Exclusionary Reasons

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This article explores Joseph Raz's concept of exclusionary reasons and attempts to explain how this concept fits into a general account of the authority of law. That account is elucidated and the concept of exclusionary force is considered in some detail. The article suggests that if ‘exclusion’ is read in a strong sense, it is extremely difficult to find examples of its existence. If though it is read in any weaker sense, it appears indistinguishable from the idea of ‘weight’. The article also considers the phenomenological, functional and ultimately, the existential reasons in favour of saying, as Raz does, that all legal authorities make their claims to authority in terms of exclusionary reasons. It is argued that this is both unlikely and unnecessary. The curious nature of exclusionary reasons is hence thoroughly unearthed.
Synthesis and Testing of Catalysts for the Production of Maleic Anhydride from a Fermentation Feedstock

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

It is necessary to develop alternate pathways for the production of chemicals that are traditionally produced from fossil fuels to reduce our dependency on nonrenewable energy sources. In this paper, an alternate technology is presented for producing maleic anhydride from a fermentation feedstock. The process involves the catalytic oxydehydrogenation of fermentation-derived succinic anhydride to produce maleic anhydride. Various catalysts have been synthesized and tested for the oxydehydrogenation reaction. Iron phosphate based catalysts are found to be the best on the basis of high conversions and selectivities obtained. The effects of temperature, oxygen concentration, contact time, and the total time on stream on the performance of the catalyst are investigated, and an optimum set of conditions for the operation of the bench-scale reactor is presented. The bulk and surface compositions, the surface areas, and the bulk crystallographic structure of the catalysts are also reported.
An Exploratory Analysis of the Internal Structure of Test Through a Multimethods Exploratory Approach of the ASQ:SE in Brazil

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract Background A wide range of exploratory methods is available in psychometrics as means of gathering insight on existing data and on the process of establishing the number and nature of an internal structure factor of a test. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and principal component analysis (PCA) remain well-established techniques despite their different theoretical perspectives. Network analysis (NA) has recently gained popularity together with such algorithms as the Next Eigenvalue Sufficiency Test. These analyses link statistics and psychology, but their results tend to vary, leading to an open methodological debate on statistical assumptions of psychometric analyses and the extent to which results that are generated with these analyses align with the theoretical basis that underlies an instrument. The current study uses a previously published data set from the Ages & Stages Questionnaires: Social-Emotional to explore, show, and discuss several exploratory analyses of its internal structure. To a lesser degree, this study furthers the ongoing debate on the interface between theoretical and methodological perspectives in psychometrics. Methods From a sample of 22,331 sixty-month-old children, 500 participants were randomly selected. Pearson and polychoric correlation matrices were compared and used as inputs in the psychometric analyses. The number of factors was determined via well-known rules of thumb, including the parallel analysis and the Hull method. Multidimensional solutions were rotated via oblique methods. R and Factor software were used, the codes for which are publicly available at https://luisfca.shinyapps.io/psychometrics_asq_se/ . Results Solutions from one to eight dimensions were suggested. Polychoric correlation overcame Pearson correlation, but nonconvergence issues were detected. The Hull method achieved a unidimensional structure. PCA and EFA achieved similar results. Conversely, six clusters were suggested via NA. Conclusion The statistical outcomes for determining the factor structure of an assessment diverged, varying from one to eight domains, which allowed for different interpretations of the results. Methodological implications are further discussed.
Bizarre parosteal osteochondromatous proliferation detected by Tl-201 scintigraphy.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Bizarre parosteal osteochondromatous proliferation (BPOP) is a rare condition that most commonly affects the tubular bones of the hands and feet. Although benign, it is locally recurrent in 50% of cases after conservative excision. The lesion must be distinguished from benign causes such as osteochondroma and malignant causes such as parosteal osteosarcoma and chondrosarcoma. A case of BPOP detected by TI-201 and Tc-99m MDP scintigraphy is presented, demonstrating early uptake and delayed retention of TI-201 and increased osteoblastic activity. The scintigraphic findings might be confused with a malignant cause, but combined imaging features can suggest the diagnosis before operation.