jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
ESTABLISHMENT OF CALLUS CULTURES OF RHODIOLA ROSEA BULGARIAN ECOTYPE

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Rhodiola rosea (Roseroot, Golden Root or Arctic Root) is a herbaceous perennial plant of the Crassulaceae family. Rhodiola radix and rhizome is a multipurpose medicinal herb with antidepressant, anticancer, cardio protective and central nervous system stimulating effects. For callus induction, leaves were excised from in vitro micropropagated Rhodiola rosea and placed on 18 variants of nutrient media containing MS basic medium supplement with BAP, 2-ip, kinetin, 2,4-D, IAA, NAA, casein hydrolysate and glutamine in different combinations and concentrations. The highest responses for callus formation (62.85 and 73.17%) were observed on two media - containing 1 mg/L BAP and 1 mg/L or 0.5 mg/L 2,4-D. These two combinations of plant growth regulators proved less efficient when 1 g/L casein hydrolysate was added. Callogenesis was not observed in any of the variants containing 2-ip and most of the variants containing NAA. Callus growth rate and tissue characteristics varied depending on the culture media composition with a tendency of positive correlation between callus induction efficiency and callus growth in most of the variants. BAP in concentration of 1 mg/L favoured fast growing compact tissue with grain structure easy to be maintained. Callus growth continued for more than 6 months being subcultured each 20 days on the same initial medium. In the present pioneer study, optimal combinations and concentrations of phyto-regulators were determined for efficient induction and long-term callus cultivation allowing accumulation of biomass and biochemical analysis of valuable secondary metabolites.
Degree of Esterification of Pectins Determined by Photoacoustic Near Infrared Spectroscopy

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ABSTRACT Photoacoustic near infrared absorption of powdery pectins was used to determine the degree of esterification by measuring the wavelength shift of an absorption peak of pectins relative to polygalacturonic acid. The 2σ standard deviation of the degree of esterification by this method was 1.7%.
Physical object urn:lsid:MfN:Ento:BMT0000016 sampled through event urn:lsid:MfN:Ento:MFNMG001 on 04.08.2022

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Physical object urn:lsid:MfN:Ento:BMT0000016 sampled through event urn:lsid:MfN:Ento:MFNMG001 on 04.08.2022
Methods for Characterizing Human Coronary Artery Deformation From Cardiac-Gated Computed Tomography Data

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Accurate quantification of changes in length, curvature, and bifurcation angles of coronary arteries due to cardiac motion is important for the design of coronary stents. A new method is developed to describe the dynamic characteristics of the human coronary artery. From cardiac-gated computed tomography (CT) data, 3-D surface geometry and centerline paths of the coronary arteries were constructed. For quantification of strain and twisting deformation, 3-D distortion-free vessel straightening and landmark matching algorithms were developed to compute the relative translation and rotation of distal landmarks with respect to a proximal landmark. For quantification of bending deformation, change in curvature was measured by computing a best-fit torus in the region of interest within a coronary segment. The optimal torus parameters were estimated by minimizing the standard deviation of distances from the surface mesh to the centerline of the torus. The angle between branch vessels was measured using linear fitting of centroid sets from the cross-sectional vessel lumen. The proposed methods were verified using a software phantom and applied to two patient specific CT datasets. Vascular deformations derived from these methods can provide information for designing bench-top tests for endovascular devices that better replicate the in vivo environment, thereby improving device performance prediction and leading to more durable designs.
Physical Activity and Risk of Postoperative Delirium

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE Regular physical activity (PA) has been associated with improved cognitive function, but its effect on postoperative delirium (POD) has not been established. Our objectives were to determine the effect of baseline PA on the incidence of POD in older patients undergoing elective orthopedic surgery and to determine whether these effects were independent of cognitive reserve. We hypothesize that PA protects against POD by bolstering physiologic reserve needed to withstand the stressors of surgery. DESIGN Secondary analysis of a prospective, single‐center, cohort study. SETTING Urban academic hospital. PARTICIPANTS A total of 132 nondemented, English‐speaking adults older than 60 years undergoing elective orthopedic surgery. MEASUREMENTS Subjects were screened for POD and delirium severity using the Confusion Assessment Method and the Memorial Delirium Assessment Scale. Baseline cognitive activities and PAs were assessed with a validated Leisure Activity Scale. Regular PA was categorized as 6 to 7 days per week. The association of regular PA with incidence of POD was assessed using multivariable logistic regression, adjusting for age, sex, Charlson Comorbidity Index, cognitive reserve, and cognitive function. Linear regression was used to assess the association of delirium severity with regular PA. RESULTS Of 132 patients, 41 (31.1%) developed POD. Regular PA was associated with a 74% lower odds of developing POD (odds ratio [OR] = 0.26; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.08‐0.82). There was no significant interaction between PA and cognitive reserve ( P = .70). Of 85 women, 25 (29.4%), and of 47 men, 16 (34.0%) developed POD. In stratified analysis, women who engaged in regular PA had dramatically lower odds of POD (OR = 0.08; 95% CI = 0.01‐0.63) compared with men (OR = 0.93; 95% CI = 0.18‐4.97). CONCLUSIONS Regular PA is associated with decreased incidence of POD, especially among women. Future studies should address the basis of sex differences in PA benefits on delirium. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:2260–2266, 2019
Environmental performance and corporate financial success: a global bibliometric analysis and research evolution

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This bibliometric review maps and analyzes research trends in the literature connecting environmental performance and corporate financial success. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines, we conducted a systematic analysis of 1,356 articles from the Scopus database (2006–2025). The bibliometric analysis, using VOSviewer and Biblioshiny tools, reveals three distinct research trends: an initial focus on theoretical framework development (2006–2015), followed by methodological advancement phase (2016–2020), and an emerging emphasis on technological integration (2021–2025). Co-citation analysis identifies key research clusters and intellectual foundations of the field. Our review uncovers significant research gaps: limited studies in emerging economies, scarcity of longitudinal analyses, and underdeveloped technological measurement frameworks. Citation pattern analysis shows geographical concentration of research in developed economies, indicating opportunities for broader regional coverage. The evolution of research methodologies indicates a shift from singular approaches to more integrated frameworks. These trends and gaps guide future research directions in environmental performance literature.
THE UNTIMELY DEATH OF SAMUEL WESLEY; OR, THE PERILS OF PLAGIARISM

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Journal Article THE UNTIMELY DEATH OF SAMUEL WESLEY; OR, THE PERILS OF PLAGIARISM Get access LAWRENCE I. RITCHEY LAWRENCE I. RITCHEY Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Music and Letters, Volume 60, Issue 1, January 1979, Pages 45–59, https://doi.org/10.1093/ml/60.1.45 Published: 01 January 1979
An exploration of face selectivity in human inferior frontal cortex

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

We used fMRI to ask whether stimulus driven face selectivity exists in human prefrontal cortex, as found in the macaque (OScalaidhe et al., 1999). In Experiment 1, faces, bodies, tools, and scenes were presented in a blocked design, with either a free viewing task (N=8) or a 1-back task (N=8). Unbiased ROI analyses showed right posterior inferior frontal gyrus (pIFG) selectivity for faces in the 1-back task, and for faces and bodies with passive viewing. The right fusiform face area (rFFA) showed a comparable (although more selective) pattern. Experiment 2 (N=14) tested faces, bodies, and objects, and their component parts, in an event-related passive viewing paradigm. The global rFFA response was stronger than in pIFG, but both areas showed similarly strong body and face selectivity (relative to objects) for wholes, with little (rFFA) or no (pIFG) selectivity for parts. Experiment 3 (N=6) focused on the contribution of the eyes. Whole faces, faces with the eyes masked, pairs of eyes alone, and flowers were passively viewed in a blocked design. The two areas responded differently: while the rFFA responded maximally to whole faces, the pIFG responded most to the eyes alone, and did not distinguish between faces with eyes masked and flowers. We conclude that there is significant face-selectivity in human pIFG. Experiment 3 indicates that this selectivity is driven by different aspects of the face compared to rFFA, likely including the social, emotional, or attentional characteristics of human eyes.
The Influence of Technological Knowledge Base and Organizational Structure on Technology Collaboration

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

abstract This study investigates how an incumbent company's internal characteristics influence its propensity to form learning alliances. A firm may be reluctant to enter a research alliance when it has deep knowledge in a certain technological field due to concerns about knowledge leakage and the low possibility of being able to learn much from collaboration. On the contrary, when the firm has a broad knowledge base, it may have high propensity to enter alliances due to more self‐confidence in its ability to learn fast from partners. In addition, we argue that when a firm concentrates its R&D at a central location, this neutralizes the positive and negative influences of the two knowledge base features on alliance formation. We tested and found support for the hypotheses using a database of 1550 alliances undertaken by 78 large incumbent pharmaceutical, chemical, and agro‐food companies active in the biotechnology sector during 1993–2002.
Reabilitação de Reimplantação do Antebraço Distal Pós-amputação

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Currently, the challenge of upper limb replantation after amputation became an achievable reality, thoroughly improved in last decades and in constant evolution. The surgical option for replantation should take into account not only the exclusive analysis of the feasibility of replantation, but specially the potential of long term hands functional recovery. We report a case of an 18-year-old man, smoker, transferred from Barreiro`s Hospital, victim of occupational accident with right distal forearm cut. This resulted in amputation. The warm ischemia time was 4 hours and he underwent Orthopaedics and Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (PRC) combined surgery for replantation. Subsequently, he was referenced earlier to Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (PRM), to perform a sequential program of rehabilitation. The aim of this work is to emphasize the importance of an early, thorough and extensive rehabilitation program as a key of functional recovery and long-term prognosis in these lesions and its role in preventing complications.
A Comparative Study On The Effect Of Pears And Psyllium Powder On Triglyceride And Hba1C In Patients With Type 2 Diabetes

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background and Objectives: Type 2 diabetes is one of the most serious chronic diseases, and diabetic people are more likely to be exposed to cardiac, neurological, renal and ocular complications. High level of triglycerides is the most common form of dyslipidemia in type 2 diabetes. Also, Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) is a glucose marker for diagnosing type 2 diabetes. Therefore, the purpose of this paper was to conduct a comparative study on the effect of pears and Psyllium Powder on triglycerides and HbA1c in patients with type 2 diabetes Materials and Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 120 patients were randomly selected from among type II diabetic patients who were under the care of Imam Khomeini Diabetes Clinic in Zabol. They were divided into three groups of control, pear takers, and psyllium powder takers.The purpose of the research was explained and informed consent of the patients were obtained. After measuring fasting blood glucose, triglyceride, and HbA1c,pear grouptook 300 mg of pears per day and psyillium group took 28 g of the fluid twice a day for one month.After the end of the study period, all pre intervention indices were measured again and the data were analyzed. Results: The mean of HbA1c decreased by 0.96 after taking pears. The mean of triglyceride decreased by 34.9% after taking pears.As a result, eating pears decreases the amount of triglyceride and HbA1c in patients with type 2 diabetes. The mean of HbA1c decreased by 0.47 after taking psyllium powder. The mean of triglyceride decreased by 42.98 after taking psyllium powder.It can be concluded thatpsyllium powder reduces triglyceride and HbA1c levels in patients with type 2 diabetes. Conclusion: Pears and psyllium powder have a significant effect on the reduction of triglyceride and HbA1c in patients with type 2 diabetes. However, pears were more effective than psyllium in the reduction of triglyceride and HbA1c in patients with type 2 diabetes.Pears, along with other commonly used treatments, can be used as a complementary therapy for type 2 diabetic patients. Key words: Psyllium powder, Triglyceride, Type II diabetes, HbA1c, Pear
Immunological pathways of macrophage response to Brucella ovis infection

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

As the molecular mechanisms of Brucella ovis pathogenicity are not completely clear, we have applied a transcriptome approach to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in RAW264.7 macrophage infected with B. ovis. The DEGs related to immune pathway were identified by Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Gene Ontology (GO) functional enrichment analysis. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was performed to validate the transcriptome sequencing data. In total, we identified 337 up-regulated and 264 down-regulated DEGs in B. ovis-infected group versus mock group. Top 20 pathways were enriched by KEGG analysis and 20 GO by functional enrichment analysis in DEGs involved in the molecular function, cellular component, and biological process and so on, which revealed multiple immunological pathways in RAW264.7 macrophage cells in response to B. ovis infection, including inflammatory response, immune system process, immune response, cytokine activity, chemotaxis, chemokine-mediated signaling pathway, chemokine activity, and CCR chemokine receptor binding. qRT-PCR results showed Ccl2 (ENSMUST00000000193), Ccl2 (ENSMUST00000124479), Ccl3 (ENSMUST00000001008), Hmox1 (ENSMUST00000005548), Hmox1 (ENSMUST00000159631), Cxcl2 (ENSMUST00000075433), Cxcl2 (ENSMUST00000200681), Cxcl2 (ENSMUST00000200919), and Cxcl2 (ENSMUST00000202317). Our findings firstly elucidate the pathways involved in B. ovis-induced host immune response, which may lay the foundation for revealing the bacteria–host interaction and demonstrating the pathogenic mechanism of B. ovis.
Agonistic behavior of the weakly electric fish, Gnathonemus petersii (Mormyridae, Osteoglossomorpha).

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The role played by the electric organ discharge (EOD) in eliciting and maintaining social behavior was assessed. First, a description of the motor acts associated with agonistic encounters between resident and intruder Gnathonemus petersii was provided: The temporal distribution of these acts depended on the aggressiveness of the resident. Second, half of the residents and half of the intruders were rendered electrically "silent" by cutting the nerves to the electric organ. Encounters were staged between pairs of intact fish, pairs of silent fish, and pairs in which one fish was intact and the other silent. Silent residents chased and attacked their opponents less often than the intact fish. Silent and intact residents did not differ in their rates of social probing. Intact intruders elicited higher rates of social probing, and the silent animals elicited more attacks. The effects of the fish's ability to emit EODs and perceive conspecific discharges on different motor acts are discussed.
The influence of new vertical datum at existing geodetic plans

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The master's thesis brings attention to the procedures and results of the control of the elevation accuracy in selected geodetic plans. Elevations in the areas of geodetic plans were specified with the method of trigonometric levelling and with reference to benchmarks. The elevation accuracy in geodetic plans has been tested in order to evaluate the influence of the vertical datum changes in Slovenia. Our analysis includes 17 examples of geodetic plans from all over Slovenia. The thesis presents the results of the comparison between the elevations calculated to different vertical data with elevations in geodetic plans. Furthermore, a comparison of heights referring to vertical datums of Trieste, Koper and Amsterdam has been made.
Semantic and pragmatic effects in speech production

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This study addresses how semantic information may prime, and thus facilitate, the articulation of a target word. In addition, it addresses how the pragmatic interaction between speaker and listeners may modify speech production. To examine these issues, subjects were presented with a visual prime and target and were asked to name the target aloud. Prime type and neighborhood characteristics of the target were manipulated. Primes were either semantically related or unrelated to the target. Targets occurred in neighborhoods that had either many or few phonetically similar neighbors and these neighbors were either high or low in frequency. Dependent variables were duration and the pitch of stressed vowels. Prefiminary results suggest that vowel duration of the target decreases when it has many neighbors that are high frequency, suggesting facilitation. Pitch is higher on targets with low- versus high-frequency neighbors when preceded by an unrelated prime, suggesting speaker compensation. The results will be discussed in the frameworks of interactive activation and pragmatic compensation.
The bond between glass-fibre-reinforced polymer bars and ultra-high-strength concrete

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents the bond characteristics of sand-coated, glass-fibre-reinforced polymer bars in ultra-high-strength concrete. A total of 216 pullout specimens were tested with variable parameters: bar diameters of 15·9 and 19·1 mm; bar embedment lengths of three, five and seven times the bar diameter; standard and high bar moduli; and concrete strengths of 129, 145 and 175 MPa. The influences of these parameters on bond strength, load–slip characteristics and failure modes are described. The bond stresses predicted from various North American codes are compared with those obtained from experiments.
Quantification of a Swedish Digitalization Company´s GHG Emission : A Single Case Study

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Research shows that the warming of the climate over the last century is extremely likely due to human activities. Furthermore, there is a need for an understanding how business activities counteract or contribute to climate change. In particular, the digitalization industry is often introduced as an important player in climate challenge. However, research also concludes that the digitalization industry’s impact on the climate is ambiguous, since it in some cases contributes to climate change and in other cases counteracts it. In order to understand the interplay between greenhouse gas emissions and digital solutions, it is necessary to outline and quantify the emissions from particular digitalization projects and furthermore the industry itself. The thesis takes off in a single case study at a Swedish digitalization consultancy company in order to investigate how both internal greenhouse gas emissions and greenhouse gas emissions from customer projects can be quantified as accurate and as often as possible. The findings disclose that greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions can be tracked with an extremely short time step, practically continuously, especially if the tracking is integrated with the company’s ERP1 . Furthermore, the findings show that greenhouse gas emissions from customer projects can be quantified if interpreting and implementing the GHG Protocol with a soft system methodology (SSM) approach. The thesis contributes with (1) a general interpretation of the Corporate Standard (part of the GHG Protocol) in the context of digitalization; (2) a specific example of that interpretation and implementation; (3) a practical interpretation and implementation of the Project Protocol in the context of digitalization and its avoided or caused greenhouse gas emissions; and (4) a general and an in-depth analysis on the topic of quantifying a Swedish digitalization company’s greenhouse gas emissions and feasible approaches to assumption making.
Efficacy of Delayed Treatment with ST-246 Given Orally against Systemic Orthopoxvirus Infections in Mice

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT ST-246 was evaluated for activity against cowpox virus (CV), vaccinia virus (VV), and ectromelia virus (ECTV) and had an in vitro 50% effective concentration (EC 50 ) of 0.48 μM against CV, 0.05 μM against VV, and 0.07 μM against ECTV. The selectivity indices were >208 and >2,000 for CV and VV, respectively. The in vitro antiviral activity of ST-246 was significantly greater than that of cidofovir, which had an EC 50 of 41.1 μM against CV and 29.2 μM against VV, with selectivity indices of >7 and >10, respectively. ST-246 administered once daily by oral gavage to mice infected intranasally with CV beginning 4 h or delayed until 72 h postinoculation was highly effective when given for a 14-day duration using 100, 30, or 10 mg/kg of body weight. When 100 mg/kg of ST-246 was administered to VV-infected mice, a duration of 5 days was sufficient to significantly reduce mortality even when treatment was delayed 24 h postinoculation. Viral replication in liver, spleen, and kidney, but not lung, of CV- or VV-infected mice was reduced by ST-246 compared to levels for vehicle-treated mice. When 100 mg/kg of ST-246 was given once daily to mice infected by the intranasal route with ECTV, treatment for 10 days prevented mortality even when treatment was delayed up to 72 h after viral inoculation. Viral replication in target organs of ECTV-infected mice was also reduced.