jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Technical Debt Density Over Multiple Releases and the Refactoring Story

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Do developers postpone fixing Technical Debt (TD) in software systems? TD is a metaphor that refers to short-term decisions in software development that may affect the cost of the software development life cycle. The bad smell is an imperfect solution in the software system that negatively impacts the internal software quality and maintainability. In this paper, we will study five open-source software projects (OSSPs) that have several releases and also estimate the numbers of architecture smells (ASs), design smells (DSs), and code smells (CSs) for every release. Designite will be used to detect smells. We describe a case study conducted to explore the following: (1) What is the average smells density for architecture, design, and code smells in an OSSP? (2) Does the density of each smell type increase over multiple releases? (3) What percentage of each smell-type density is eliminated by refactoring? We collected around 2 million LOC from five OSSPs that have multiple releases from the GitHub repository to statistically analyze the software concerning the smells as indicators of TD. We find 36% of Architecture Technical Debt (ATD) is Cyclic Dependency, while 33% of Design Debt (DD) is Cyclically-dependent Modularization. More than 70% of Code Debt (CD) is Magic Number. Even though the developers do refactoring between releases, the TD density in general increases. On average, by refactoring, developers remove around 48%, 16%, and 22% from the introduced ATD, DD, and CD from their next release, respectively.
Towards a sexual cycle in Aspergillus niger

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Sexuelle Reproduktion ist ein wichtiger Prozess, um die Genvariation in einer Spezies zu fördern. Trotz der evolutionären Vorteile durch einen sexuellen Zyklus wurde diese Art der Vermehrung in vielen Pilzen noch nicht nachgewiesen. Jedoch wurden in letzter Zeit in verschiedenen filamentösen Pilzen Hinweise auf eine sexuelle Vermehrung gefunden. Der industriell wichtige Mikroorganismus Aspergillus niger gilt als asexuell. Allerdings belegen Analysen des Genoms dieses Pilzes die Anwesenheit eines MAT1-1 Gens, das verantwortlich für einen heterothallischen Lebensstil sein könnte. Die Entdeckung eines sexuellen Zyklus in diesem Industrie-Stamm würde es ermöglichen, nicht nur tiefere Einblicke in dessen natürliche Fortpflanzung zu gewinnen, sondern auch, neue Strategien zur Stammverbesserung zu entwickeln. Daher war das Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit, das Vorhandensein einer sexuellen Vermehrung von A. niger zu erforschen.In diesem Projekt wurde ein A. niger Stamm mit dem zweiten Kreuzungs-Gen, MAT1-2, identifiziert und charakterisiert. Experimente wurden durchgeführt, um den gegenseitigen Einfluss der unterschiedlichen Kreuzungs-Typ-Stämme im Hinblick auf eine sexuelle Vermehrung zu untersuchen. Obwohl kein vollständiger sexueller Zyklus beobachtet werden konnte, wurde die Bildung von Sklerotien induziert, die in anderen Pilzen wichtige Funktionen im sexuellen Zyklus ausüben. Neben einer detaillierten Analyse der Sklerotien durch Licht- und Elektronmikroskopie wurden außerdem die MAT Gene mit Hilfe von Gentechnik-Methoden inaktiviert oder überexprimiert und erste Einblicke ihrer Funktion gewonnen. Die Ergebnisse stellen die Basis für die weitere Forschung über das MAT System in A. niger dar. Obwohl eine Stammverbesserung durch die sexuelle Vermehrung in A. niger noch nicht erfolgreich durchgeführt werden konnte, wurden dennoch neue Stämme durch den parasexuellen Zyklus, einem alternativen Prozess zur Erzeugung bestimmter Genvariationen, generiert.
How Do Patients with Alzheimers Disease and Family Members Experience Memory Impairments

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

How patients with Alzheimers disease (AD and their family members experience the memory impairment and the disease was investigated.　Patients with very mild to moderate AD (�=10 and their family members (�=10 participated in the study. Semi‑structured interviews were conducted separately with the patients and the family members.　Nearly all the patients with AD demonstrated some awareness of memory diﬃ culties but there were individual variations in the level of suﬀ ering.　This was related to the role the patients played in their daily life how they comprehended the memory impairment and their coping style.　Moreover family membersawareness of patients� memory impairments and suffering differed depending on the relationship with the patient.　These results suggest that not only the severity of AD but also psychosocial factors are related to the experience of AD by patients and their families.
Mother’s tomb: The haunted house in Óskar Þór Axelsson’s I Remember You

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The film Ég man þig ( I Remember You ) by Óskar Þór is an adaptation of the eponymous novel by Yrsa Sigurðardóttir from . This article focuses on the film’s depiction of the haunted house, especially on how the empty and mouldy space represents the main characters’ lost future.
Peer Relations as a Function of Physical Attractiveness: The Eye of the Beholder or Behavioral Reality?

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

LANGLOIS, JUDITH H., and DOWNS, A. CHRIS. Peer Relations as a Function of Physical Attractiveness: The Eye of the Beholder or Behavioral Reality? CHILD DEVELOPMENT, 1979, 50, 409-418. The relation between physical attractiveness and behavior was examined by assessing whether behavioral differences exist between attractive and unattractive children. 64 3and 5-year-old boys and girls were selected as subjects on the basis of physical attractiveness. Same age and sex, attractive, unattractive, and mixed-attractiveness dyads were formed and were observed in a seminaturalistic play setting. A categorical observation system was used to record affiliative, aggressive, activity-, and object-directed play behaviors. A developmental pattern was found for aggression: no differences based on attractiveness were evident in 3-year-olds, but 5-year-old unattractive children aggressed against peers more often than did attractive children. Unattractive children were generally more active than attractive children. Few differences in affiliative behaviors were found between attractive and unattractive children.
Analysis of smoke trail photographs to determine stratospheric winds and shears

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Time-lapse photographs of smoke trails deposited in the stratosphere have been measured and analyzed to provide data for the determination of winds and wind shears. Optimization techniques were required to define camera parameters with sufficiently high precision. In combination with a triangulation program that exploits the advantages of vector and matrix methods, the techniques lead to consistent three-station results that are used to construct wind profiles with an altitude resolution of 10 m.
Regulation of synaptic inhibition by phospho-dependent binding of the AP2 complex to a YECL motif in the GABA A receptor γ2 subunit

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The regulation of the number of γ2-subunit-containing GABA A receptors (GABA A Rs) present at synapses is critical for correct synaptic inhibition and animal behavior. This regulation occurs, in part, by the controlled removal of receptors from the membrane in clathrin-coated vesicles, but it remains unclear how clathrin recruitment to surface γ2-subunit-containing GABA A Rs is regulated. Here, we identify a γ2-subunit-specific Yxxφ-type-binding motif for the clathrin adaptor protein, AP2, which is located within a site for γ2-subunit tyrosine phosphorylation. Blocking GABA A R-AP2 interactions via this motif increases synaptic responses within minutes. Crystallographic and biochemical studies reveal that phosphorylation of the Yxxφ motif inhibits AP2 binding, leading to increased surface receptor number. In addition, the crystal structure provides an explanation for the high affinity of this motif for AP2 and suggests that γ2-subunit-containing heteromeric GABA A Rs may be internalized as dimers or multimers. These data define a mechanism for tyrosine kinase regulation of GABA A R surface levels and synaptic inhibition.
2P029 An Exhaustive Search of Known and Unknown Protein-Ligand Binding Sites with A Fast Alignment-Free Method(The 48th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical Society of Japan)

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

JapanGeneral IncorporatedAssociation the protein is coordmated by two hisudmes (His40 andHis81) one cysteme (Cys78) and one methtontne {Met86) with distorted tetrahedral geometry Recently spectresLopic dnd electreLhemical properties et a site directed mu tdgLnLsis mutant Met16Hls haie been studied In order to furthel exp!ore ot the newly mtroduced His residue of Met16Hb, Mct16HisfHig6Vhl double mutantwasconstructed Perturbation of the ratio of the LMCT bands (A-4Ge!A-.aM]) by the substl tution at Metl6 rLfiects the structural changes around the active site The Tatio A..46o/Any6on of Metl6His and
Arthropod-Borne Disease Assessment in Support of Military Operations in Oman.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract : Central Command, Bahrain, to provide assistance in conducting arthropod-borne disease risk assessments in two separate regions of Oman. On two separate trips, NAVMEDRSCHU THREE personnel and field surveillance equipment were deployed to Oman in response to the requests. The first survey was conducted during the period 06 - 16 August, 1994, and was primarily focused on assessing the threat of chloroquine resistant Plasmodium falciparum malaria in the extreme southern-border area of the country. The second surveillance deployment was from 19 - 30 September, 1994, into the central-coastal region in conjunction with an amphibious landing exercise code named SEA SOLDIER IX. The major objective of the second trip was to conduct general endemic disease prevalence and threat assessment, including all fly-borne, flea-borne and/or tick-borne diseases. During both of the deployments, blood samples were collected from indigenous personnel for screening, and intensive arthropod collection and screening operations were conducted. Although minimal information was procured on the occurrence and relative threat of arthropod-borne diseases in these two areas of Oman, very valuable liaison with Omani health authorities was established and useful information on the country was obtained.
Advances in the Research of Traditional Medicine,Guanzhong

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Objective: Review the research progress of Guanzhong in recent years about chemical constituents,pharmacological activities and the clinical application to guide the further research and application.Methods: Systematically collecting and summarizing the data of domestic and foreign records.Results: The Guanzhong has various activities and being used to treat several diseases in clinic.Conclusions: Those active compounds of Guanzhong contain big value in medicine field.It is necessary to study and exploit them forward.
The Types and Proportions of Commensal Microbiota Have a Predictive Value in Coronary Heart Disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Previous clinical studies have suggested that commensal microbiota play an important role in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease; however, a synthetic analysis of coronary heart disease (CHD) has yet to be performed. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the specific types of commensal microbiota associated with CHD by performing a systematic review of prospective observational studies that have assessed associations between commensal microbiota and CHD. Of the 544 published articles identified in the initial search, 16 publications with data from 16 cohort studies (2210 patients) were included in the analysis. The combined data showed that Bacteroides and Prevotella were commonly identified among nine articles (n = 13) in the fecal samples of patients with CHD, while seven articles commonly identified Firmicutes. Moreover, several types of commensal microbiota were common to atherosclerotic plaque and blood or gut samples in 16 cohort studies. For example, Veillonella, Proteobacteria, and Streptococcus were identified among the plaque and fecal samples, whereas Clostridium was commonly identified among blood and fecal samples of patients with CHD. Collectively, our findings suggest that several types of commensal microbiota are associated with CHD, and their presence may correlate with disease markers of CHD.
Silicon photonic slot guides for nonlinear optics

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The ultimate goal of nonlinear optics has been all-optical systems in which processing (logic) functions work in tandem with interconnections to carry out processing without electrical conversion. Laser-based nonlinear optics was already demonstrated in the 1961 [1], only months after the 1960 demonstration of the ruby laser [2]. Nonlinear optics has a rich history extending to the present. The reality of nonlinear optics is that electronic based nonlinearities are fast (subpicosecond) but require large electromagnetic fields. Plasmonics and strongly guiding optics (in the present case, silicon photonics) promise nanometric confinement and even guidance of intense optical fields over significant (many wavelength) distances. The optical field enhancement that can be obtained by strong guidance can be sufficient to achieve the magnitudes necessary for nonlinear optics with compact (chip-level) sources.
Tradisional ABC Lima Dasar pada Pembelajaran PAI di SMK Al-Fudlola’ Porong Sidoarjo

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This research and development aims to produce a learning model based on the traditional ABC Lima Dasar games that is effective and feasible for PAI learning at Al-Fudlola' Porong Sidoarjo Vocational School . This model was developed through a Research and Development (R&D) approach using the 4D development model, namely define, design stage, develop stage, disseminate stage. Data collection techniques use observation, interviews, and questionnaires. The game-based learning model as a learning model provides opportunities for students to interact, collaborate and explore actively in PAI learning. The results found that the Five Basic ABC learning model had a positive impact on students' cognitive, spiritual, emotional, language and socio-cultural abilities. The research results show students' positive response to this learning, describing the Five Basic ABC model as an effective, innovative alternative in PAI learning at Al-Fudlola' Porong Sidoarjo Vocational School.
Failure to detect intra-abdominal metastases from breast cancer: a case for staging laparotomy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Two studies were performed to assess the accuracy of non-invasive methods in detecting intra-abdominal metastases from breast cancer. Firstly, the sites of spread detected at the time of first presentation with metastases were compared with the sites of spread shown at necropsy in the same patients. Although about two-thirds of the patients with bone and lung metastases at necropsy had had metastases detected at these sites when they first presented with metastases, only a third of the patients with liver metastases and none of those with other intra-abdominal metastases had had evidence of disease at first presentation with metastases. The second study confirmed a poor detection rate of liver and other intra-abdominal metastases in patients with breast cancer undergoing laparotomy and oophorectomy who were staged immediately before operation. Pre-mastectomy staging laparotomy should be considered in those patients with primary breast cancer who are most likely to have disseminated disease beyond the regional nodes. In the presence of occult gross metastases detected by staging laparotomy, mastectomy will not provide additional protection against loca recurrence of disease. Patients with occult gross metastases should also be excluded from studies on adjuvant chemotherapy (designed to treat micrometastases). Aggressive methods of staging are justified to protect the patient as far as possible against unnecessary mastectomy and to identify those patients who should be treated by therapeutic chemotherapy rather than adjuvant chemotherapy.
A design procedure for slot arrays fed by single-ridge waveguide

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

R.S. Elliott's (1983) design procedure for arrays of longitudinal slots in one broad wall of each rectangular waveguide is extended to the case in which the waveguides have ridges in the opposite broad walls. External mutual coupling has been taken into account. A two-be-eight array was constructed and tested, and the results validate the theory. Ridging is significant because it permits E-plane scanning from broadside to endfire.< >
Correlation between biomarkers of pain in saliva and PAINAD scale in elderly people with cognitive impairment and inability to communicate: descriptive study protocol

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction Pain is an under-diagnosed problem in elderly people, especially in those with cognitive impairment who are unable to verbalise their pain. Although the Pain assessment in advanced dementia scale (PAINAD) scale is a tool recognised for its clinical interest in this type of patients, its correlation with the saliva biomarkers reinforced its utility. The aim of this research will be to correlate the scores of this scale with the levels of biomarkers of pain found in saliva samples of patients with cognitive impairment and inability to communicate. Methods and analysis This is an observational study. The level of pain will be evaluated using the PAINAD scale. Moreover, pain biomarkers, in particular secretory IgA and soluble tumour necrosis factor receptor type II, will be determined in saliva. Both assessments will be conducted in 75 patients aged over 65 years with advanced cognitive impairment and inability to communicate. The PAINAD scores will be correlated with the levels of these biomarkers of pain. A control group consisting of 75 healthy subjects aged over 65 years will be included in the study. Moreover, sociodemographic variables and variables related to pain, dementia and other clinical conditions will be recorded. The analysis will be performed with the statistical package SPSS V.22 and the software R. Ethics and dissemination The study has been reviewed and approved by the Andalusian Human Research Ethics Committee. In addition, this study has been financed by the Junta de Andalucía through a regional health research fund (Research code: PI-0357–2017). The results will be actively disseminated trough a high-impact journal in our study area, conference presentations and social media.
A New Approach to the Surgeon’s Gown

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The surgical gown is challenged to restrict microorganisms from passage between patient and surgeon in eitherdirection.Forfourdecades, attempts have been made to find a singlefabric which, underall conditions of use, will accomplish this, be comfortable, and at reasonable cost.This has not yet been achieved.Here presented is a method which, by the use of a light gown, will resist dry penetration; a backless, sleeved overgown of varying weight plastic will prevent splash and soak-through of bloodbome pathogens at any pressure; these will afford comfortfor both wearerand patientat reasonable cost.
A Comparative study of Techniques in Data Mining

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract- Data Mining encompasses tools and technique for the “Extraction or Mining of knowledge from huge repository of data”. In Data Mining various techniques that used are Association Rule Mining, Sequential Pattern Mining, Clustering, and Classification. Varieties of algorithms are developed for each of these techniques. This paper present comparison of algorithms developed for different techniques. It also includes comparison of various algorithms available for sequential pattern mining like GSP, FreeSpan, PrefixSpan and tools available for implementation of Data Mining Algorithm. Keywords-- Data Mining, Sequential pattern mining.
The importance of vertical movements in the early life hisrory of marine fishes

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The survival rate during the early life stages of a species is considered critical in determining a year class's contribution to a fish stock. Early life stages have often been considered passive particles and the patterns of distribution in nature the result of differential mortality due to biotic factors (food availability, predation, competition) and environmental variability (temperature, water quality and movement). Though important, this view fails to account for the different patterns of larval behavior that influence the distribution of juveniles. Examples are given to illustrate how transport and retention mechanisms are accomplished through vertically oriented behaviors.
Girls gone WoW show 53: Take it with a pinch of salt!

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The always fabulous Mr Rob Roberts joins the GGW-crew and we talk about mounts. EJ is shocking everyone with something she got in game and we come back to our favourite topic: boobies. Kneel down before VOG! Show 53: Welcome back Rob Roberts Interview time â¢ Give us an update: what has changed since last time we spoke? How was our week in WoW? With the new expansion coming out, we need some new intro and outro music. Are you able to produce our new intro and outro tune? Then send it in to us and the best one will of course be used for our show and you will get a gift from the blizzard shop from us. Now I also would like to change our cover art. So if you can provide us with some amazing artwork, then again you will be rewarded with a gift from the blizzard shop. Plug for our website: www.girlsgonewow.net Join our guild on Argent Dawn EU horde side: Ashes of Man (donât forget about our contest in the guild; level 25 minimum to join the raffle for a pet ending the 1st of June) Show 53: Mounts - are there too many mounts in wow now? Do you like collecting them, or are you faithful to one or two? What else would you like to see in game? What's the rarest mount you own and are there any you would give anything to own. Should removed mounts be returned to game? How do you feel about the news that in Mists there will be no flying until you've hit the new level cap? What is our opinion about the new mounts coming out? Mini-series: how to... How to set up a second account to play on a different region.(requested) Donât forget that we need your input for our segment: how to... Which subjects do you want us to feature? Tweets and e-mails Where to find Rob Roberts: www.hordehouse.com www.vognetwork.com twitter: @vognetwork @skie @hordehouse @olr We need guests!!! Send us an e-mail or a tweet if you want to be on our show! Weâd love to get some of our old guests back too! Website: www.girlsgonewow.net thereâs a shiny donate button. And we are on facebook: http://www.facebook.com/GirlsGoneWowPodcast Twitter: @GGWshow and Please leave us reviews on Itunes! Sil: @lumineus EJ: @Ottahz Rob: @GGWRoboto Raven: @silkyraven E-mail; sil@girlsgonewow.net If you want a more general gaming podcast listen to the Obscurecast; Press start to continue on Itunes or on the website: obscurecast.com Reputations - a time for tales of rep grinds old and new. Is rep too easy to obtain these days? How would you make changes to current systems? Are there rep grinds that need a complete overhaul? Which ones do/did it best? #wow #podcasts #warcraft