jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Examining Ecology–Agriculture–Economy Nexus Shifts to Propose Win–Win–Win Pathways for Sustainable Development in Mountainous Areas: Insights From the Greenest City in China

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

ABSTRACT Ecosystem restoration projects (ERPs) are effective methods for reversing land degradation. However, the dynamic responses of the ecology–agriculture–economy nexus to ERPs and socioeconomic development have yet to be systematically analyzed. To address this issue, we adopted an ERP hotspot as a basis for exploring the evolution regimes of sectoral variables and their determinants. ERPs facilitated vegetation restoration and strengthened carbon sequestration and soil retention, whereas grain productivity declined sharply since 2000 because of industrial and planting structure adjustments. Economic growth was accompanied by marked industrial transformation; the dominant role of the primary industry was gradually replaced by that of other industries, with the population and employment structures changing accordingly. Rural population loss weakened the agricultural production capacity, with the promotion of economic crops further degrading the dominant role of grain crops. Such nexus shifts indicated that positive progress in the ecological and economic sectors should be further optimized to reserve sufficient space for agricultural production and industrial development, instead of relying solely on expanding afforestation areas. Notably, the temporary synergic co‐evolution of nexus sectors from 2008 to 2022 is not stable because of the low grain self‐sufficiency ratio, which might threaten the sustainability of social‐ecological systems. Therefore, agricultural production efficiency must be improved through large‐scale production and improvements in agricultural production conditions to sustain the grain supply. The nexus perspective enriches our understanding of interlinkages among sectors in different phases, facilitating the formulation of coordinated strategies for regional sustainable development.
A randomized controlled trial of the effect of standardized patient scenarios on dental hygiene students' confidence in providing tobacco dependence counseling.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

SP training improved dental hygiene students' initial confidence in providing TDC and was sustained, but not to a significant degree. Clinical experience alone increased confidence. Further studies may help determine how the initial confidence gained by SP training can be sustained and what the role of clinical experience plays in overall confidence in providing TDC.
Multimodal neuroimaging and plasma biomarker evidence of white matter macrostructure loss in Parkinson’s dementia

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract Background Parkinson’s (PD) is common and debilitating with over half of patients progressing to postural instability, dementia or death within 10 years. However, onset and rate of progression is highly variable, reflecting heterogeneity in underlying pathology, and biomarker studies to‐date have been limited to a single modality or assessed patients with established cognitive impairment. Method We assessed multimodal neuroimaging and plasma biomarkers in 98 PD patients (mean disease duration at baseline 4.33 years) and 28 age‐matched controls followed‐up over 3 years. Of PD patients, 31 (31.6%) had a poor outcome (PD poor outcomes), defined as mild cognitive impairment, dementia, frailty, or death during follow‐up. We compared biomarkers of gray matter (cortical thickness), white matter macrostructure (fibre cross‐section) and microstructure (fibre density) at whole‐brain and tract level, structural and functional connectivity, and plasma levels of neurofilament light chain (NFL) and phosphorylated tau 181 (p‐tau) between PD who progress to poor outcomes versus those with good outcomes. Result We found extensive white matter macrostructural changes in PD who progress to poor outcomes already at baseline: with 19% reduction in fibre cross‐section and a subnetwork of reduced structural connectivity (105 nodes, 215 edges, p=0.017), particularly involving interhemispheric connections. Gray matter and functional connectivity were preserved. NFL but not p‐tau was increased in PD poor outcomes and correlated with white matter loss. Conclusion PD patients who progress to poor outcomes, show white matter macrostructural loss already at baseline, evident both from imaging and fluid biomarkers. Our findings highlight white matter imaging and plasma NFL as potential biomarkers of poor outcomes in Parkinson’s, informing the design of future clinical trials.
Improved Delivery through Biological Membranes. Synthesis, Characterization and Antiviral Activity of a Series of Ribavirin Chemical Delivery Systems: 5 and Carboxamide Derivatives

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

A number of 1-methyl-1,4-dihydrotrigonellinate derivatives of ribavirin and various ribavirin esters were prepared as potential brain-targeting delivery forms. Systemic administration of a model system (1-[5′-(1-methyl-3-carbonyl-1,4-dihydropyridine)-2′,3′-bis-O-isobutyrate-β-D-ribofuranosyl]1,2,4-triazol-3-carboxamide) resulted in a significant brain concentration of the corresponding pyridinium salt. Antiviral testing accomplished with the aid of a mouse model, in which a Phlebovirus (Punta Toro virus) was intracranially inoculated, showed that while ribavirin itself was without effect, several ribavirin chemical delivery systems (CDS) exerted significant activity. These responses included increased number of survivors and increased mean survival time. It is suggested that the CDS approach may improve the efficacy of ribavirin towards various RNA viral encephalitis diseases.
Efficiency of Alcohol Salivary Strip Test in ‘Comparison to Breath Alcohol Analyser as Forensic Screening Tools for Blood Alcohol Analysis - A Comparative Study

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Background: Alcohol induced intoxication is responsible for altered behavior in individuals. Blood alcoholconcentration (BAC) has been the key toxicology test, which is considered as the gold standard in medico- legalevidence. BAC can be assessed by determining blood ethanol or methanol concentration. It is expensive and timeconsumingprocedure and so, it cannot be considered as primary choice for screening of alcohol consumption. Atpresent breath analysis is the most common and accepted screening procedure but there are certain limitations tothis procedure and hence assessment of other procedures for screening is also important.Aim and Objective: The primary aim of the study is to assess efficiency of salivary strip test vs breath alcoholanalyzer in screening for alcohol consumption among the individuals who are suspected for drunken driving bythe city traffic police of Kannur district.Setting and Design: It’s a Prospective case control study were samples are collected from Traffic aid post inKannur district of Kerala for screening of suspected drunken driving.Materials and Method: Individuals suspected of drunken driving by the city traffic police of Kannur district wereincluded in the study. Subjects were screened by using alcohol breath alcohol analyzer and Alcohol salivary strip.Statistical Analysis: It was performed using SPSS 20.0. Chi square test was used for association between variables.Results: The result shows that both salivary alcohol strip test is as effective as breath alcohol analysis.Conclusion: Salivary alcohol test strip is rapid, economically feasible and can easily be performed. The resultgiven by strip is easy to interpret and can easily indicate different BAC level as it is very much sensitive even at aBAC value of 0.02%.
ility and St ilizability of uzzy-Neural-linear Control Systems

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstruct- This paper discusses stability analysis of fuzzyneural-linear (FNL) control systems which consist of combmations of fuzzy models, neural network (NN) models, and linear models. We consider a relation among the dynamics of NN models, those of fuzzy models and those of linear models. It is pointed out that the dynamics of linear models and NN models can be perfectly represented by TakagiGugeno (T-S) fuzzy models whose consequent Pam are de~ribed by Enear the dynamics of NN models via T-S fuzzy models. Next, we recall stability conditions for ensuring stability of fuzzy control systems in the sense of Lyapunov. The stability criteria is reduced to the problem of finding a common Lyapunov function for a set of techniques of controllers in FNL control systems since the purpose of this paper is to offer a method of st for among the dynamics Of NN models, those of fuzzy models and those of hear models. It is pointed out that the dynamics of linear models and NN models can be perfectly represented by the Takagi-Sugeno linear Section I' ensuring stability of fuzzy control systems in t Lyapunov. The stability criteria is reduced to th control ' gives a equations. In particular, we present a procedure for =Presenting (T-S) fuzzy model whose consequent parts are
Dualism and economic stagnation: can a policy of guaranteed basic income return mature market economies to les Trente glorieuses?

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The starting point of this chapter is an analysis of the original 19th-century classical dualistic structure of emerging industrial economies associated with a decoupling between real wage and productivity growth. This is followed by a description of how this gap disappeared during the Golden Age period of les Trente glorieuses and then re-emerged after the 1970s. This is done with the purpose of providing a framework for discussing some of the literature on guaranteed income programmes as promoted by both mainstream and heterodox economists. As is well known, proposals in favour of guaranteed income have become fashionable in recent times to address this growing income polarisation that has become endemic in mature industrial economies, and this chapter offers a critique of these proposals from a Polanyian perspective. While supporting the principle of a universal basic income as a means to establish a social subsistence floor, it is argued that a guaranteed income policy without also a societal commitment to full employment may trigger mechanisms that could actually strengthen labour market decoupling.
[The value of studying liver function reserve in hepatic carcinoma by 13C-methacetin breath test].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The value of the three parameters of 13C-MBT is decreased with severity of the liver disease and 13C-MBT may be used to evaluate the reserved hepatic function in patients with primary liver cancer with a diagnostic value equivalent to Child-Pugh classification. The study further confirms that 13C-MBT has correlation with TBA, Alb, PA and ChE.
Improved Monospermic Fertilization and Subsequent Blastocyst Formation of Bovine Oocytes Fertilized In Vitro in a Medium Containing NaCl of Decreased Concentration.

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

The objective of this study was to evaluate whether changes in NaCl concentration in a fertilization medium could improve normal fertilization and preimplantation development of bovine oocytes. In vitro matured bovine oocytes were inseminated with frozen-thawed semen for 18 hr in a Tyrode's medium with albumin, lactate and pyruvate (TALP), to which 114 (TALP-114), 96 (TALP-96) or 78 (TALP-78) mM NaCl was added. Presumptive zygotes were cultured for 192 hr in a modified TALP containing 90 mM NaCl, 1.5 mM glucose, 0.3% (w/v) BSA, minimal essential medium (MEM) essential and nonessential amino acids, and insulin-transferrin-selenium complex. Lower polyspermy rate was obtained by the insemination in TALP-96 (7.8 +/- 2.3%) than by the insemination in TALP-114 (25.6 +/- 1.4%), without decrease in male pronucleus (MPN) formation. Fertilization in TALP-78 also yielded decreased polyspermic fertilization (3.8 +/- 1.5%), but significant decrease in MPN formation was found (63.1 +/- 3.1%). In preimplantation development, more blastocysts developed from oocytes inseminated in TALP-96 (24.1 +/- 1.7%) than from oocytes inseminated in TALP-114 (16.8 +/- 1.4%). TALP-78, however, did not improve preimplantation development beyond the 8-cell stage compared with TALP-114. Mean cell number of blastocyst was higher when oocytes were fertilized in TALP-96 (137.0 +/- 4.5) than in TALP-114 (123.1 +/- 5.1) and in TALP-78 (102.3 +/- 4.5). These results demonstrate that insemination of bovine oocytes in a TALP with decreased NaCl concentration (96 mM) improves blastocyst formation and embryo viability. Decrease in NaCl concentration below 96 mM, however, may delay or inhibit MPN formation, and inhibits subsequent development in vitro.
Benchmarking Video Frame Interpolation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Video frame interpolation, the task of synthesizing new frames in between two or more given ones, is becoming an increasingly popular research target. However, the current evaluation of frame interpolation techniques is not ideal. Due to the plethora of test datasets available and inconsistent computation of error metrics, a coherent and fair comparison across papers is very challenging. Furthermore, new test sets have been proposed as part of method papers so they are unable to provide the in-depth evaluation of a dedicated benchmarking paper. Another severe downside is that these test sets violate the assumption of linearity when given two input frames, making it impossible to solve without an oracle. We hence strongly believe that the community would greatly benefit from a benchmarking paper, which is what we propose. Specifically, we present a benchmark which establishes consistent error metrics by utilizing a submission website that computes them, provides insights by analyzing the interpolation quality with respect to various per-pixel attributes such as the motion magnitude, contains a carefully designed test set adhering to the assumption of linearity by utilizing synthetic data, and evaluates the computational efficiency in a coherent manner.
One of These Things Is Not Like the Others: Legislative History in the U.S. Courts of Appeal

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

“In the past few decades, however, we have developed a legal culture in which lawyers routinely—and I do mean routinely—make no distinction between words in the text of a statute and words in its legislative history.”\nJustice Scalia, A Matter of Interpretation[1]\nHow accurate is Justice Scalia’s characterization of American legal culture? Has runaway purposivism erased the distinction between statutory text and legislative history? Most scholars of statutory interpretation say no—although at one point legislative history seemed poised to dominate statutory interpretation, Justice Scalia and othertextualists have succeeded in defending the primacy of text.\nIn arriving at this answer, the intellectual conversation has focused onstatutory interpretation at the Supreme Court. But Justice Scalia’s assertion sweeps far beyond the Court; it is a claim about “legal culture”. So the question remains: how has legislative history fared outside of the Supreme Court?\nIn this paper, I aim to begin answering a small piece of this question by investigating the evolution of the use of legislative history in the circuit courts. I counted all of the citations to legislative history made by the circuit courts between 1950 and 2006. This data reveals the degree to which the circuit courts’ usage patterns either confirm or reject Justice Scalia’s claim about the prevalence of legislative history in statutory interpretation. \n[1]Antonin Scalia, Common Law Courts in a Civil-Law System: The Role of United States Federal Courts in Interpreting the Constitution and Laws, in A Matter of Interpretation: Federal Courts and the Law 3, 18-23 (Amy Gutman ed., 1997).
Rehabilitation

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The rehabilitation of victims of trauma, whether physical or psychological, is an issue which goes well beyond the actual traumatic event. The optimal use of an artificial limb depends on the individuals and on the quality of the rehabilitation they have received. The rehabilitation centre for paraplegics in Peshawar, Pakistan, which was founded by the International Committee of the Red Cross in 1984, is an interesting example of what is possible with community support. Some knowledge of rehabilitation therapy is therefore necessary for all those who work in disaster medicine because the rehabilitation process must be initiated during the emergency stage and its success depends on appropriate care from the beginning. Conversely, an adult amputated at the hip will require much lengthier and more difficult rehabilitation. The prognosis depends to a great extent on the follow-up of the patient as the artificial limb must be replaced because of wear or adjusted to a changing stump.
Beyond the Balance Sheet: Teaching Capacity Building as Capital Building

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Financial sustainability is a persistent challenge in the nonprofit sector. Capacity building is sometimes presented as a way to address this challenge. This article proposes that the teaching of capacity building can be reframed as an economic construct, capital building. By understanding capacity building as the development and activation of capital in multiple forms (e.g., social, financial, reputational, process), organizations may gain new options for program design and strategic decision making to enhance their effectiveness and sustainability. This article reviews the construct of capacity building, relating it to various capital resources and how they generate capacity. It concludes with examples of how a capital-building approach can be integrated into existing university courses to support the Nonprofit Academic Centers Council’s revised curricular guidelines.
Bilateral contemporaneous pallidal stimulation is a very effective treatment in dopa-responsive Parkinsonians with untreatable motor fluctuations

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

OBJECTIVE: To study the efficacy ofbilateral pallidal stimulation in parkinsonians with untreatable motor fluctuations. BACKGROUND: Bilateral pallidal stimulation is one of the surgical alternatives in parkinsonians with severe untreatable fluctuations. The major advantages of this procedure over pallidotomy reside in its reversibility and in the possibility to modulate the electrical parameters of the stimulation in order to balance benefits with side effects. DESIGN/METHODS: 7 non-demented dopa-responsive parkinsonians with untreatable motor fluctuations underwent bilateral contemporaneous pallidal stimulation and were followed-up over a mean of 6 months (3-9) with the CAPIT protocol of assessment without PET scan. There were 4 women and 3 men, with a mean age of 58 y (43-57), a mean duration of disease of 19.6 y (16-24y), a mean Hoehn and Yahr (HY) on/off stage of 3/4.3 (3/5), and a mean daily dopa dose of 837.5 mg (600-1000) divided in 8 doses (6-10). Their mean on/offUPDRS motor score (UMS) was 37.3/76.1 (26-60/48-91), the mean UPDRS ADL on/off score was 25.3/32.3 (11-28/23-42), the mean complication of treatment score (CTTS) was 15 (5-21), the mean dyskinesia score (DS) was 3.5 (2-4) and the mean off time/day (MOT) was 43.4% (20-50%). RESULTS: After the operation, only two patients still presented fluctuations, one with mild gait ignition failure during a few minutes/day, and one with relapse in on-off periods after 9 months, probably due to technical problems with electrodes, which are planned to be relocated. Five of them are entirely free of any fluctuation (MOT=O%). All patients had a minimum follow-up of 3 months (3-10). At 3 months, the DS went dramatically down to 1.1, the UMS on score was only mildly improved (23.3; 23-31), but the UMS off score was divided by 2 (35;28-41) and the mean MOT by 4, off score being only observed when performing the L-dopa-test, which do not reflect the status of otherwise non-fluctuating patients. The mean daily dopa dose was not significantly modified (840; 600-1000 mg divided in 7 doses (6-8)) but CTTS was divided by 4 and HY off state lost 1 point. One of the patients could be delivered from a 3-year continuous s.c apomorphine administration by pump, and was kept with an unchanged dose of 800 mg in 7 doses. Two patients showed mild improvements in dysexecutive fonctions, whereas no change in cognitive fonctions was observed in all others. Side effects (orolingual dyskinesia in one patient, confusion in another) or efficacy could be improved by modifying stimulation parameters. CONCLUSIONS: Bilateral pallidal stimulation is a safe, reversible, efficient method to treat dopa-sensitive parkinsonians with untreatable motor fluctuations. Fine tuning of the electrical parameters of stimulation allows to control side effects and efficacy, but the evaluation of the duration ofbenefits needs further long-term follow-up.
Utilizing the full potential of dielectric spectroscopy as a PAT tool in cell culture fed-batch processes

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Die Produktion von aktiven pharmazeutischen Inhaltstoffen (API) hat in den vergangenen Jahrzehnten enorme Fortschritte gemacht. Biopharmazeutika, auch „biologics“ genannt, werden heute in industriellem Maßstab hergestellt und die generelle Zielsetzung hier ist reproduzierbar beste Qualität in robusten stabilen Prozessen herzustellen und dadurch höchste Patientensicherheit bei Anwendung von Biopharmazeutika zu garantieren.Die Arbeit beschreibt eine Strategie zu Bewertung von zwei unterschiedlichen Technologien zum Prozess-Online Monitoring und wie mit diesen Daten statistischen Vorhersagemodellen für wichtige Prozessparameter im Upstream Prozess (USP) entwickelt werden können. Datensätze von CHO Fedbatch Zellkulturprozessen zur Produktion von monoklonalen Antikörpern im 20 L Entwicklungs- und 13 m³ Produktionsmaßstab wurden als Basis für diese Arbeit herangezogen.Auf dem Gebiet online Monitoring mit dielektrischen Kapazitätssonden lag der Hauptfokus auf der detaillierten Analyse ob und welche zusätzlichen Informationen aus "frequency scan“ Daten gewonnen werden können um letztendlich das volle Potential der dielektrischen Spektroskopie ausschöpfen zu können.Partial least squares (PLS) Modelle basierend auf den Messdaten der dielektrischen Spektroskopie, beziehungsweise einfache lineare Regressionsmodelle basierend auf Koeffizienten, die vom dielektrischen Spektrum errechnet werden zeigen gute Vorhersagequalität für die Zelldichte und Viabilität, sowohl in der Wachstums- als auch in der späteren Phase eines Bioprozesses. Durch das Hinzuziehen von Raman Spektren in den Vorhersagemodellen konnte die Qualität der Vorhersage insbesondere für die Viabilität in der späteren Phase des Bioprozesses, noch einmal gravierend verbessert werden. Hinsichtlich der Vorhersagequalität weiterer wichtiger Prozessparameter (Zelldurchmesser, Rundheit und Apoptose) sind die erstellten Modelle jedoch nicht als tauglich anzusehen, das bedeutet die Daten der dielektrischen Kapazitätssonde und die Ramanspektren enthalten nicht die für eine Vorhersage erforderliche Information.