jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
ANESTHESIA, PAIN MANAGEMENT, AND PUBLIC HEALTH: A REVIEW OF TECHNIQUES AND STRATEGIES FOR COINFECTED PATIENTS

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Coinfections, particularly in patients with HIV, hepatitis C, or tuberculosis, present complex challenges in anesthesia and pain management. This review examines the unique considerations, techniques, and strategies for providing safe and effective care to this vulnerable population. It explores the impact of coinfections on anesthesia outcomes, the role of multidisciplinary approaches, and the implications for public health. Patients with coinfections often have complex medical histories, including comorbidities and compromised immune systems, which can affect their response to anesthesia and pain management. Strategies such as preoperative optimization, tailored anesthetic plans, and close monitoring are crucial to mitigate risks and ensure positive outcomes. Multidisciplinary collaboration is essential in managing coinfections, involving anesthesiologists, infectious disease specialists, surgeons, and other healthcare professionals. This approach allows for comprehensive care that addresses the unique needs and challenges of coinfected patients. Public health implications of coinfections in anesthesia and pain management are significant, as they can impact healthcare resource utilization, treatment outcomes, and overall healthcare costs. Understanding the challenges and implementing effective strategies can lead to improved public health outcomes for this vulnerable population. In conclusion, coinfections present complex challenges in anesthesia and pain management, requiring tailored approaches and multidisciplinary collaboration. By addressing these challenges, healthcare providers can improve outcomes for coinfected patients and contribute to better public health outcomes overall. Keywords: Anesthesia, Pain Management, Public Health, Techniques, Coinfected Patients.
Poly complexes based unsaturated β-diketones and rare earth elements for optoelectronics

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The complexes of samarium(III) with 2-methyl-5-phenylpenten-1-3,5-dione (mphpd) Sm(mphpd)3·2H2O and 2,6-dymethyl-heptene-1-3,5-dione (hdmhpd), Sm(hdmhpd)m were synthesized. The polycomplexes on their basis [Sm(mphpd)3]n, [Sm(hdmhpd)m]n and copolymers with styrene Sm(mphpd)3-co-styrene in ratio 5:95 were obtained by free-radical polymerization and the kinetics of polymerization was studied by dilatometric method at the first time. The method of dynamic light scattering and the results of electronic microscopy showed that the obtained polymer systems are nanoscale. The luminescent spectra of obtained metal complexes in solid state are investigated and analyzed. The electroluminescent spectra of organic planar heterostructure ITO/PEDOT:PSS/{[Sm(mphpd)3]n[Styrene]m}/Al are examined.
On the Structure of “5-Nitrosotropolone”

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

It has long been discussed whether "5-nitrosotropolone" 1 takes the nitroso structure 1A or the tautomeric oxime structure 1B. Analysis of NMR and UV spectra data in this study indicates that the tropoquinone-5-monoxime 1B is preferred. The UV absorption shift to longer wavelength at dilute solutions is attributable to the dissociated form 3.
Study on subtelomeric aberrations in children with mental retardation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective
To make an etiology study on children with unexplained mental retardation (MR) by using combined multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA), and to explore associations between subtelomeric aberrations and phenotypes in local children.

Methods
Sixty-seven children with unexplained MR were enrolled in study group from Jul.2009 to Dec.2011 in Guangdong Women and Children's Hospital.Peripheral blood of patients and their parents were collected as samples of subtelomeric test by MLPA.Two kinds of probes of MLPA were combined to verify the aberration results.After confirmed test the parent of positive children were tested by the same way, then to analyze associations between test data and the clinical feature.

Results
Among sixty-seven children enrolled in the study aged 6 months to 15 years, where were 42 male and 25 female; the intelligence of 47 children belonged to mild degree(IQ≥50 scores), that of 20 children belonged to severe degree(IQ 0.05). The aberration rate in moderate to severe degree group was higher than those mild degree group.The rates of features including physical developmental retardation, malformation and organ aberrations in positive children were higher than those of the negative cases.There were significant differences between the 2 severity groups (all P<0.05).

Conclusions
Aberrations in subtelomeric region can be one of the important causes of unexplained MR.The MR patients were supposed to have subtelomeric region tested so as to provide the evidence for diagnosis and genetic counseling.

Key words:
Mental retardation; Subtelomeric region; Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification; Child
Damage assessment, fragility, and vulnerability analysis of reinforced concrete building

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In addition to a concise literature review, this study presents a comparative analysis of reinforced concrete (RC) buildings through damage index (DI) analysis using different methodologies. The seismic response of a five-story RC frame system building, designed in accordance with the EN structural Eurocodes, was analysed through fragility and vulnerability assessments. The Park–Ang methodology was used in the analysis for determining DI and its parameters. Nonlinear static analysis (NSA) and nonlinear dynamic analyses (NDA) were performed, and the fragility and vulnerability curves were constructed using the obtained results and processed through statistical analysis. The results were calculated using four different DI models: the DIPA model using both the NSA and NDA results (M1), modified DIPA model using both the NSA and NDA results (M2), DIPA model using the NSA results (M3), and modified DIPA model using the NSA results (M4).
Evaluation of a new primer combination to minimize plastid contamination in 16S rDNA metabarcoding analyses of alga‐associated bacterial communities

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Summary Plant‐ and alga‐associated bacterial communities are generally described via 16S rDNA metabarcoding using universal primers. As plastid genomes encode 16S rDNA related to cyanobacteria, these data sets frequently contain >90% plastidial sequences, and the bacterial diversity may be under‐sampled. To overcome this limitation we evaluated in silico the taxonomic coverage for four primer combinations targeting the 16S rDNA V3‐V4 region. They included a forward primer universal to Bacteria (S‐D‐Bact‐0341‐b‐S‐17) and four reverse primers designed to avoid plastid DNA amplification. The best primer combination (NOCHL) was compared to the universal primer set in the wet lab using a synthetic community and samples from three macroalgal species. The proportion of plastid sequences was reduced by 99%–100% with the NOCHL primers compared to the universal primers, irrespective of algal hosts, sample collection and extraction protocols. Additionally, the NOCHL primers yielded a higher richness while maintaining the community structure. As Planctomycetes , Verrucomicrobia and Cyanobacteria were underrepresented (70%–90%) compared to universal primers, combining the NOCHL set with taxon‐specific primers may be useful for a complete description of the alga‐associated bacterial diversity. The NOCHL primers represent an innovation to study algal holobionts without amplifying host plastid sequences and may further be applied to other photosynthetic hosts.
Cultural Heritage Policy, Civil Society and Identity in Hong Kong

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This thesis investigates Hong Kong’s social process of heritage in both colonial and postcolonial contexts through the analysis of the city’s cultural heritage policy between 1976 and 2018.This research has three objectives. Firstly, this thesis explores the emergence and development of Hong Kong’s cultural heritage policy between 1976 and 2018. Secondly, it explores how different stakeholders from the local civil society have helped to establish and reshape the approach to cultural governance through various civil advocacies and heritage movements. It also identifies how heritage discourses of Hong Kong have been articulated and re-assembled alongside the city’s social process of heritage. Thirdly, it illustrates how notions of Hong Kong’s cultural and social identity have been formed and re-constructed through the rise of heritage movements and the making of local cultural heritage policy.This thesis employs various significant events such as the enaction of the first local heritage legislation in 1976 and the movement to save the Central Star Ferry Pier in 2006 in the local history of cultural heritage policy as case studies under the analytical framework of Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA). Also, by conducting archival research, media research and in-depth interviews, this thesis argues that an economic-led approach to cultural heritage policy has been actively adopted in Hong Kong. However, this approach has been challenged by various stakeholders of the local civil society through the articulation of new social and cultural heritage values of Hong Kong, especially in the post-colonial period. Alongside this ever-changing process of local heritage, a cultural and social identity dilemma between localism and ‘Chineseness’ has emerged in postcolonial Hong Kong. Hong Kong is a unique example of the arrangement of ‘One Country, Two Systems’. Therefore, this thesis hopes to contribute to the growing discussion of postcolonial heritage politics in the contemporary Asian context.
Neural mechanisms of mental schema: a triplet of delta, low beta/spindle and ripple oscillations

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract Schemas are higher‐level knowledge structures that integrate and organise lower‐level representations. As internal templates, schemas are formed according to how events are perceived, interpreted and remembered. Although these higher‐level units are assumed to play a fundamental role in our daily life from an early age, the neuronal basis and mechanisms of schema formation and use remain largely unknown. It is important to elucidate how the brain constructs and maintains these higher‐level units. In order to examine the possible neural underpinnings of schema, we recapitulate previous work and discuss their findings related to schemas as the brain template. We specifically focused on low beta/spindle oscillations, which are assumed to be the key components of schemas, and propose that the brain template is implemented with a triplet of neural oscillations, that is delta, low beta/spindle and ripple oscillations.
Analytical Considerations in Nanoscale Flow Cytometry of Extracellular Vesicles to Achieve Data Linearity

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background Platelet microparticles (PMPs) and their abundance in the blood are a prognostic biomarker in thrombotic disorders and cancer. Nanoscale flow cytometry (nFC) is ideal for high-throughput analysis of PMPs but these clinical assays have not been developed previously. Objective This article demonstrates that nFC is a suitable technology to enumerate PMPs present in plasma samples in a clinical setting. Materials and Methods nFC was performed using the Apogee A50-Micro instrument. Instrument settings and acquisition parameters were developed with the use of fluorescent beads and plasma samples. Sample preparation and handling was also optimized. Results nFC allows for linear detection of particles between approximately 200 and 1,000 nm based on calibration beads and was dependent on dilution factor and flow rate. Linearity in event analysis as samples became more diluted was lost when events approximately 100 nm were gated while linearity was maintained despite dilution of sample in events larger than 200 nm in diameter. Higher flow rates lead to an under-estimation of events analysed per microlitre of analyte and this was more pronounced when plasma samples were not diluted more than 1/20×. Conclusion nFC offers multi-parametric analysis of PMPs when optimal calibration of acquisition and sample processing settings is performed. Analysis of plasmas from metastatic prostate cancer patients and leukaemia patients revealed that PMP levels were larger than 100 nm and were equally abundant in patients that responded to or failed androgen deprivation therapy or between patients representing different stages of leukaemia.
Afterthoughts on the Nature of Terrorism

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In one sense, every book on the causes of terrorism written since 9/11 is an afterthought, a theoretical bolting of stable doors long after the riders of a fantasy apocalypse have galloped down their path to God. What this book has set out to do is to provide another bolt to that door by applying to the phenomenon of terrorism the understanding of the dynamics of Fascism and Nazism as a response to modernity which I explored in an earlier book.1 The result has been a causalmodel of the psychodynamic roots of fanaticism in the human need for a sacred canopy, a classification scheme of two distinct rationales for terrorism which are prone to forming hybrids in the modern world, and an intentionally schematic radicalization syndrome expounded in the earlier chapters. Taken together, these are intended to provide a conceptual framework for investigating terrorism, which, as the etymology of the term ‘concept’ implies,2 hopefully allows those working within themost humanistic sectors of academia, journalism, and policy-making to get a firmer theoretical grip on its non-instrumental dimension. As this book is an overarching theory formulated in a heuristic spirit, I would welcome corrections to the empirical gaffes I may have made, constructive criticism of my theory, or a suggestion for fruitful areas for further research which may help to corroborate or refine it.
sj-docx-1-aut-10.1177_13623613231154728 – Supplemental material for Sex differences in early autism screening using the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers, Revised, with Follow-Up (M-CHAT-R/F)

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-aut-10.1177_13623613231154728 for Sex differences in early autism screening using the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers, Revised, with Follow-Up (M-CHAT-R/F) by Sherief Y Eldeeb, Natasha N Ludwig, Andrea Trubanova Wieckowski, Mary FS Dieckhaus, Yasemin Algur, Victoria Ryan, Sarah Dufek, Aubyn Stahmer and Diana L Robins in Autism
RFID-Band Integrated UWB MIMO Antenna for Wearable Applications

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This manuscript prescribes the design of a four-port ultra-wideband (UWB) diversity antenna combined with 2.4 GHz ISM radio band. The denim-based wearable antenna is intended for use as a radio frequency identification (RFID) tag for tracking and security applications. The unit cells of the antenna are arranged orthogonally to each other to achieve isolation $\gt15$ dB. The bending analysis of the proposed antenna is performed to ensure its stability. The dimensions of the unit cell and four-port MIMO antenna are $30 \times 17 \times 1$ cubic millimeter and $55 \times 53 \times 1$ cubic millimeter, respectively. The proposed antenna's specific absorption rate (SAR) is researched in order to determine the safer SAR limit set by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC).
Le meurtre de Pierre de Castelnau

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

When analysing the murder of Pierre de Castelnau, historians have chiefly focused on who was responsible for it and its consequences, seldom on the study of the facts as a revealing of anticlericalism. However, Innocent Ill’s account and the other documents linked to this tragedy can be viewed in that perspective. In order to fight against heresy in the Midi, Pierre de Castelnau, a supporter of traditional methods, appealed to the firm commitment of princes, and more particularly to the Count of Toulouse’s. He intended to compel the latter to do so through the recourse to excommunication if necessary, which would be amply justified by his numerous wrongdoings. During a dramatic interview the Count threatened the legate with death and the next day he was assassinated by an equerry. Raymond VI, who did not treat either the churches or the clerics considerately, and who did not hesitate to shed Christian blood, had spared up to then bishops and the members of the ecclesiastical hierarchy. Even though he had not given orders for the murder, he nevertheless welcomed in the privacy of his home the murderer who was neither a friend nor a relative. The other facts show a hostility towards clerics that manifests itself in an obvious contempt for them and in the way he had to ridicule them. Anticlericalism is for the Count a passion that led him to errors of judgment. He triggered events that were disastrous as to the goals he was pursuing.
Deep learning MRI analysis for automated knee injury diagnosis

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) plays a pivotal role in non-invasively diagnosing knee injuries. This research focuses on cost-effective, efficient solutions for enhancing automated knee injury detection in MRI scans. The study aims to boost diagnostic accuracy for abnormalities, Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) tears, and meniscal tears using advanced deep learning techniques. Transfer learning is employed, combining pretrained neural networks with transfer models. AlexNet and SqueezeNet are explored as feature extraction architectures, assessing the attention mechanism and maxpooling for sequence reduction. This yields four models, MRNet, MRNet-Squeeze, MRNet-Attend, and MRNet- SqueezeAttend. The primary evaluation metric is the Area Under the ROC Curve (AUC), providing a comprehensive assessment by averaging AUC scores for abnormal, ACL tear, and meniscus tear labels. The initial MRNet achieves the highest AUC (0.940) for anomaly detection, while MRNet-Squeeze excels in diagnosing ACL damage. MRNet- SqueezeAttend achieves the highest AUC (0.885) for meniscus tears. The ensemble of all four models outperforms individual models with an outstanding average AUC of 0.931. Each model exhibits unique strengths. MRNet excels at spotting anomalies, MRNet-Squeeze accurately detects ACL tears, and MRNet-SqueezeAttend excels in identifying meniscal tears. Notably, the ensemble leverages these diverse strengths to deliver cutting-edge results for all injury types. Further investigation reveals varying correlations between model-specific predictions and different diagnosis or sequence combinations. Scrutinizing the MRI sequence frames capturing the models' attention identifies key contributors to the diagnosis.
A Note on the Performance of Friesian Steers Offered Unwilted or Wilted Grass Silage Diets from Weaning through to Slaughter

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Over a two-year period, five crops of grass were ensiled either without or with wilting. Unwilted grass was treated with formic acid. Wilting consistently increased (P<0.05) silage dry matter (DM) content and pH, but both unwilted and wilted silages had similarly low mean ammonia-N values (80 and 78 g NHrN kg-1 N, respectively). The in vitro DM digestibilities of unwilted and wilted silages (735 and 731 g kg ' DM, respectively) were not significantly different. Five-month-old (151 kg mean liveweight) Friesian steers (12 per treatment) were offered both types of silage ad libitum. Silages were supplemented with a mean input of 2.2 kg concentrates head-1 daily for 427 days. Silage DM intakes were higher for wilted than for unwilted silages (5.87 v. 4.35 kg day-1) but liveweight gains (876 v. 904 g day1) and carcass weights (288 v. 293 kg) were similar for both.
Locking plate construct for femoral shaft fractures in skeletally immature patients.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Different methods of internal fixation are used in the treatment of femoral shaft fractures. Results of locked plate fixation in adults have been encouraging. A locking plate construct with a standard broad Dynamic Compression Plate (DCP) and 4.5 mm nuts was used in the treatment of femoral shaft fractures in 15 skeletally immature patients. There were 12 boys and three girls. The mean age was 9.4 years at time of injury. Three fractures were open. All fracture healed in an average time of 8 weeks. The follow-up period ranged from 6 to 30 months (mean 18 months). Screw failure in form of bending or breakage occurred in two patients, without clinical consequences. Fatigue fracture of the two screws in the proximal fragment occurred 15 weeks after fixation in another patient, which eventually healed with a 15 degrees varus angulation. There was an average femoral lengthening of 2.3 mm in six patients and 2 mm of tibial lengthening in four patients. All patients returned to their pre fracture level of activity. The locking plate construct used in this study appeared as a reliable method for the treatment of femoral shaft fractures in skeletally immature patients.
Tractable POMDP-planning for robots with complex non-linear dynamics

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Planning under partial observability is an essential capability of autonomous robots. While robots operate in the real world, they are inherently subject to various uncertainties such a control and sensing errors, and limited information regarding the operating environment.Conceptually these type of planning problems can be solved in a principled manner when framed as a Partially Observable Markov Decision Process (POMDP). POMDPs model the aforementioned uncertainties as conditional probability functions and estimate the state of the system as probability functions over the state space, called beliefs. Instead of computing the best strategy with respect to single states, POMDP solvers compute the best strategy with respect to beliefs. Solving a POMDP exactly is computationally intractable in general.However, in the past two decades we have seen tremendous progress in the development of approximately optimal solvers that trade optimality for computational tractability. Despite this progress, approximately solving POMDPs for systems with complex non-linear dynamics remains challenging. Most state-of-the-art solvers rely on a large number of expensive forward simulations of the system to find an approximate-optimal strategy. For systems with complex non-linear dynamics that admit no closed-form solution, this strategy can become prohibitively expensive. Another difficulty in applying POMDPs to physical robots with complex transition dynamics is the fact that almost all implementations of state-of-the-art on-line POMDP solvers restrict the user to specific data structures for the POMDP model, and the model has to be hard-coded within the solver implementation. This, in turn, severely hinders the process of applying POMDPs to physical robots.In this thesis we aim to make POMDPs more practical for realistic robotic motion planning tasks under partial observability. We show that systematic approximations of complex, non-linear transition dynamics can be used to design on-line POMDP solvers that are more efficient than current solvers. Furthermore, we propose a new software-framework that supports the user in modeling complex planning problems under uncertainty with minimal implementation effort.