jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Numerical Study on NOx Emission Reduction Mechanism of HCCI Marine Diesel Engine for IMO Tier III Emission Limits

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

With the advantages of ultra-low emissions of oxides of nitrogen (NOX) and high thermal efficiency, the homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) mode applied to marine diesel engine is expected to be one of the technical solutions to meet the International Maritime Organization (IMO) MARPOL73/78 Convention-Annex VI Amendment Tier III requirement. According to the NOX chemical reaction mechanism, taking a marine diesel engine as the application object, the numerical study on the NOX formation characteristics of n-heptane for HCCI combustion process is performed. The results indicate that NO is usually the main component in the generation and emissions of NOX with the n-heptane HCCI mode. The combustor temperature plays more important role in the proportion of NO generation and emission. Compared with the experimental data of conventional marine diesel engine, the emission reduction rate of NOX can achieve an average of more than 95% in using HCCI technology.
Impact of Japanese Official Development Assistance on Economic Growth and Development in Sri Lanka

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Debt burden over foreign loans and economic impact of foreign-funded development projects have been much discussed and debated issue in the recent past. The debate on debt burden is mostly centered on the sheer size of the debt owned by development partners, not specifically on the generosity and impact of Official Development Assistance (ODA) offered by different development partners. Addressing these gaps, this study analyses generosity of Japanese ODA and its impact on economic growth and development in Sri Lanka. This study employs both descriptive and regression analyses for data analysis. Japanese ODA to Sri Lanka has grown at an average annual rate of around 6 per cent (in current US$ terms). Sri Lanka has been one of the priority countries for Japanese ODA largely due to the cordial relationship the two countries has maintained over the last several decades. Reflecting the unique future of Japanese ODA, a greater majority of assistance has channeled into economic infrastructure development/improvements in the country. More importantly, Japanese ODA has contained higher grant element compared to ODA offered by other major development partners such as ADB, World Bank, and China. The regression analysis of the study clearly indicates that there is a strong positive relationship between Japanese ODA and economic growth and development in the country. The findings are consistent with the finding of previous research studies. These imply that social and economic infrastructures developed with assistance of Japanese ODA has contributed to economic growth and development in the country. This impact was further supported through the micro-level evidence found in ex-post impact evaluations and third party impact evaluations. Overall evidences clearly reflect that Japanese ODA has not contributed to current foreign debt burden faced by the country.
Child Care Experiences and Developmental Outcomes

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Regular nonparental care during the first five years of life has become the norm, rather than the exception, during the past 30 years in the United States. Parents and professionals have expressed concerns about the impact of such care on children's development. Initially, much of the research focused on whether, when, and how much nonparental care the child received, suggesting that early and extensive care might negatively affect children's social and cognitive development. More sophisticated studies followed in which child care quality and family characteristics known to be related to both quality of care and child outcomes were also examined. Much of this literature indicates that children who experience better-quality care tend to display more optimal cognitive and social development than children who experience lower-quality care, although the associations tend to be modest. Implications for public policy are discussed.
Amyloid Disease of the Eyelid and Conjunctiva

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction

Amyloid tumors of the conjunctiva and eyelids are rare; few cases have been reported in the recent literature. Tumor-forming amyloidosis is characterized by the presence of small solitary or multiple tumors about the eye, bladder, urethra, pharynx, tongue, and especially in the respiratory tract.1 The purpose of this paper is to report the second case in the literature of ptosis secondary to solitary amyloid infiltration of the levator palpebrae superioris, and to emphasize the fact that when complete excision of the tumor is not possible, that portion of the tumor left in situ tends to shrink spontaneously.

Report of Case

An 18-year-old Jordanian woman was seen in February 1964 with history of a mass at the inner canthus of the right eye of one and a half years' duration. The mass started as a small reddish growth on the inner aspect of the right eye. With time it
Ancient Scottish Custom

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Journal Article Ancient Scottish Custom Get access V. R. V. R. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume s9-VI, Issue 150, 10 November 1900, Page 375, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/s9-VI.150.375a Published: 10 November 1900
OMEGA-3 FATTY ACIDS ARE ASSOCIATED WITH DECREASED PRESENCE AND SEVERITY OF DIABETIC RETINOPATHY

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose: Inflammation is associated with diabetic retinopathy development and progression, and previous studies have demonstrated that omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids have anti-inflammatory properties. Therefore, the goal of this study was to determine if omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), are associated with decreased risk and severity of retinopathy in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Methods: In a combined population of 1,356 individuals with type 2 diabetes from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis and Genetics of Latino Diabetic Retinopathy cohorts, odds ratios using logistic regression were determined to assess the association between polyunsaturated fatty acids and retinopathy. Results: In 1,356 participants with type 2 diabetes, individuals in the fourth quartile of DHA were 17% less likely to have retinopathy compared with the first quartile ( P = 0.009, CI: 0.72–0.95). Secondary analysis revealed 38% lower severity of retinopathy in individuals in the fourth quartile compared with the first quartile of DHA ( P = 0.006; CI: 0.44–0.87) and EPA + DHA ( P = 0.004; CI: 0.44–0.85). No significant associations were observed between EPA and retinopathy. Conclusion: DHA is inversely associated with the presence and severity of diabetic retinopathy. Increased intake of dietary sources of DHA may provide some protection against retinopathy in individuals with type 2 diabetes and warrants more research as a preventative option.
Effect of Gamma Ray Irradiation on the Availability of Applied 65 Zn to Organic Matter Added Soils under Laboratory Conditions

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

In order to evaluate the effect of gamma ray irradiation to the soils added with several organic matters on release sad fixation of , a soil incubation test was carried out by use of an acidic and a calcareous soil. The results obtained were summarized as follows : DTPA extractable decreased gradually with elapsed time of incubation owing to fixation of by the soils but after four weeks DTPA extractable was reached an equilibrium state. The most parts of activity in the equilibrium state was found in the solid phase. The extent of zinc fixation in acidic Keumgok and calcareous Jecheon soils represented as activity basis was 89 and 93.7 per cent of applied respectively. Increased tendency of DTPA extractable zinc was shown by irradiating gamma ray to both soils because of fixation could be decreased by irradiation. The extractability of fixed by DTPA solution was 38.9 per cent in acidic Keumgok soil and only 9.5 per cent in calcareous Jecheon soil. Release of fixed by irradiation of gamma ray is closely related to pH of both soils. Much more could be released under low pH condition. Effect of gamma ray irradiation to organic matter sources on release of could not be differentiated. But in the case of nonirradiated soils, however, glucose treated soils couldrelease much more the extractable zinc as compared to those of the straw or cellulose treatment.
The influence of physician information on patient's medical decision-making in mHealth services (Preprint)

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND

As a new way to share medical information, mHealth is currently booming, which provides a new solution for the improvement of physician-patient relationship. On the one hand, mHealth service breaks the limitation of time and space, reduces the cost of searching for information for patients, and makes medical service “at your fingertips”. However, on the other hand, it makes information overload and brings difficulties to patients' decision-making.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to discover the physician information that plays a key role in patient’s decision-making and to explore the mechanism by which this information contributes to patient’s decision-making. Therefore, enriching the theoretical basis of information selection and processing of patients, which play a guiding role in the future APPs construction and information management of mHealth from the perspective of improving patient’s satisfaction.

METHODS

In the study, eye tracking experiment is designed to discover key factors that influence a patient’s medical decision-making in choosing a physician. Then based on the SOR model and online trust theory, from the perspective of cognitive trust and affective trust, the patient expertise is used as the moderating variable to construct the research model of physician information on patient's medical decision-making.

RESULTS

The results of the eye tracking experiment reveal that there are 7 aspects of physician information which play a key role in patients' medical decision-making. The results of the research model reveal that (1) physician’s profile photo information affects patient's medical decision-making by positively influencing affective trust (P<.001); (2) physician’s non profile photo information affects patient's medical decision-making by positively influencing cognitive trust (P<.001); (3) patient-generated information affects patient's medical decision-making by positively affecting cognitive trust (P<.001) and affective trust (P<.001), and the patient expertise plays a positive moderating role in both paths (P=.04 and P=.01, respectively); and (4) cognitive trust and affective trust both positively affect patient’s medical decision-making but affective trust plays a more significant role (P<.001 and P<.001, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS

It is concluded that 7 aspects of physician information are mainly resorted to by patients when they make their medical decision-making, and trust plays an important role in it. In addition, the level of patient expertise is an important variable in moderating physician information and patients’ trust.
International Developments and Practices in Investigative Interviewing and Interrogation

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Since 2007, the New Zealand Police have undergone substantial reforms to investigative interviewing policy and practice. The reforms borrowed much from the developments in England and Wales associated with the introduction of the PEACE model (PEACE refers to the phases of all investigative interviews: Planning and preparation, Engage and explain, Account, Closure, and Evaluation; see Clarke and Milne, 2001). New Zealand, however, is distinct from these other countries by virtue of its one police service, which enabled national organisational change. Consequently, interviewing in New Zealand has become governed and resourced at a national level, with the development of national interviewing policy and standards. The reforms have also resulted in the implementation of a competency programme that includes supervision, training and assessment in an attempt to address the difficulties associated with developing and retaining interviewing skills (see Powell et al., 2005).
ANALISIS PENGGUNAAN ALAT KONTRASEPSI PADA PASANGAN SUAMI ISTRI DALAM PELAKSANAAN PROGRAM KB DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS MEDAN AMPLAS

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Family Planning (KB) is an attempt to measure the number and distance of children desired. To be able to achieve this, several ways or alternatives are made to prevent or delay pregnancy. For this reason, a family planning program was held by recording the use of contraceptives in the area. A contraceptive device is a device, medication, or surgical procedure that serves to delay or stop having children. There are many types of contraceptives available, from birth control pills, birth control injections, condoms, to sterilization procedures such as tubectomy for women, or vasectomy for men. The purpose of this study was to determine the use of contraceptives in carrying out family planning programs in the working area of Medan Amplas Public Health Center. The research method used is quantitative method using a cross sectional study approach taken from tertiary data instruments with univariate, bivariate and multivariate data analysis. The result of this study is that there are 100 respondents who carry out family planning programs using contraception. Around 60.5% of the people in the working area of the Medan Amplas Public Health Center do not carry out the family planning program and about 39.5% of the people use contraceptives as their family family planning program.
RNA-guided multiplex genome engineering using cas9 nucleases for crop improvement: A review

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Crop improvement through genome editing techniques has aroused substantial excitement among agricultural scientists as it offers opportunities for precise and predictable modification directly in elite cultivars or accessions which are not possible by time-consuming conventional breeding schemes. CRISPR-Cas9, a recently evolved gRNA-guided nuclease technology, is crucial in plant genome modifications which enable us in carrying out rapid and extremely precise mutations at pre-determined genomic sites by using guide RNA which is complementary to the target locus.This targeted DNA is then cleaved by Cas9 nuclease to generate double-strand breaks (DSBs), followed by subsequent DNA repair via non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) or homology-directed repair (HDR) mechanisms leading to the disruption of gene functions in plants. Multiplexed CRISPR-Cas9 exploits multiple gRNA sequences for simultaneous editing of multiple sites within the same genome, demonstrating its efficiency over traditional gene pyramiding. CRISPR/Cas9 is relatively convenient and easier to implement technology that has proven to be extremely efficient and versatile as compared to previously developed tools like ZFNs and TALENs and hence, it has been considered as a revolutionary technique in crop genome editing. The technique is continuously evolving to produce variants with its application in enhancing the agricultural performance of most crops. Moreover, plants developed by this technique have been considered superior to transgenic plants due to non-involvement of foreign DNA, hence, alleviating safety issues associated with GM plants. The current review briefly emphasizes on the potentiality of this game-changing technology in revolutionizing the basic plant genetic research and plant breeding.
Detecting influences in social network

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We live in a world where social media has been deeply rooted in our lives. Whether it is on our computers, mobile phones or tablets, social media applications are used everywhere (Dewing, 2012). Almost all social media applications involve users forming links with other users (‘friends’ as in Facebook, or ‘followers’ as in Instagram), which forms a graph, with the users as nodes, and edges to represent their connectivity. Thus we can use graphs to put all this information into perspective, and from there, we can easily analyze the graphs according to our needs and mine information from them, which is also known as Social Network Analysis (SNA). Information collected from SNA has a wide range of benefits and can be used in marketing, or even the potential pathway of the spread of a disease. This report is concerned with finding the ‘influencers’ in the social network, or in terms of a network, to find the most important nodes. The term ‘importance’ is subjective, and thus there are many different theories and algorithms which are able to identify the important nodes in their own way. Three algorithms: Page rank, Betweenness, and influence game will be considered in this report. Rankings of the importance of nodes by each algorithm will be compared, and the reason for the difference in rankings will be explained. Another problem is that it is often hard to be certain if the algorithm works for every kind of graphs. While an algorithm is able to find the important nodes of one graph accurately, there is no way to be certain that it can do the same for every other graphs. Thus, to improve the situation, the concept of kronecker graph is proposed. Kronecker graphs work by expanding the graph with n nodes by n, thus increasing the size of the graph. This new graph can be tested against the algorithm to determine if its accuracy still holds. This also proposes a new problem: how large can a graph scale in order for the algorithm to be efficient? If the algorithm cannot handle an extremely large, then how can the scaling of a kronecker graph be reduced such it does not multiply by n times each round? Lastly, clusters in graphs also need to be identified, such that nodes inside the clusters are much more similar to each other as compared to nodes outside of the cluster. With all these goals and problems in mind, extensive study and research will be done, using Gephi, a visualization software for all kinds of graphs and networks. While Gephi already has some in built functions like PageRank, other algorithms used to analyze the graph have to be coded as a plugin into Gephi.
Overconfident Trading of Asian Investors

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This study investigates whether Asian investors trade overconfidently and what factors affect their overconfident trading based on the theoretical predictions of Gervais and Odean (2001) that market gains make investors trade overconfidently in subsequent periods. We find that Asian investors trade more aggressively subsequent to both domestic and U.S. market gains and their overconfident trading corresponds to underestimate exchange rate risks. Moreover, we find that Asian investors’ overconfident trading is affected both by the market states and by biased self-attribution. Although the results regarding Asian investors’ overconfident trading conditional on the market states are mixed, the results regarding the impact of biased self-attribution on Asian investors’ overconfident trading, in general, are consistent with the theoretical predictions.
Spontaneous pulsing in a porous membrane covered with a Langmuir-Blodgett film of dioleoyllecithin separating equimolar sodium and potassium chloride aqueous solutions

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSpontaneous pulsing in a porous membrane covered with a Langmuir-Blodgett film of dioleoyllecithin separating equimolar sodium and potassium chloride aqueous solutionsToshio Ishii, Yumiko Kuroda, Teruyuki Omochi, and Kenichi YoshikawaCite this: Langmuir 1986, 2, 3, 319–321Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la00069a012https://doi.org/10.1021/la00069a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views60Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
MycoResistance: a curated resource of drug resistance molecules in Mycobacteria

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract The emergence and spread of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis is of global concern. To improve the understanding of drug resistance in Mycobacteria, numerous studies have been performed to discover diagnostic markers and genetic determinants associated with resistance to anti-tuberculosis drug. However, the related information is scattered in a massive body of literature, which is inconvenient for researchers to investigate the molecular mechanism of drug resistance. Therefore, we manually collected 1707 curated associations between 73 compounds and 132 molecules (including coding genes and non-coding RNAs) in 6 mycobacterial species from 465 studies. The experimental details of molecular epidemiology and mechanism exploration research were also summarized and recorded in our work. In addition, multidrug resistance and extensively drug resistance molecules were also extracted to interpret the molecular mechanisms that are responsible for cross resistance among anti-tuberculosis drugs. Finally, we constructed an omnibus repository named MycoResistance, a user friendly interface to conveniently browse, search and download all related entries. We hope that this elaborate database will serve as a beneficial resource for mechanism explanations, precise diagnosis and effective treatment of drug-resistant mycobacterial strains.