jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Radar sensor using low probability of interception SS-FH signals

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

One of the best known weakness of radar sensors in defense and security applications is the necessity to radiate a signal, which can be detected by the target, so being possible (easy in fact) that the target is alerted about the presence of a radar before the radar is alerted about the presence of a target. In this context, Low Probability of Interception (LPI) Radars try to use signals that are difficult to intercept and/or identify. Spread spectrum signals are strong candidates for this application, and systems using special frequency or polyphase modulation schemes are being exploited. Frequency hopping, however, has not received much attention. The typical LPI radar at this moment of the technology is a CW-LFM radar. The simplicity of the technology is its best point. Polyphase codes, on the other hand have the inherent advantage of high instantaneous bandwidth regardless of observation time. But the complexity of the hardware is also higher. FH signals have traditionally been considered of lower performance but higher complexity, due to the difficulties to compensate the individual dopplers for the individual range cells in the receiver. One important point is that an FH radar must be clearly distinguished from an agile frequency radar. In the latter, a pulsed signal is transmitted using different frequencies from pulse to pulse. In an FH radar the frequency changes must be during the pulse. In fact, in an LPI FH radar, a CW frequency hopped signal is used. A radar system concept is proposed in which it shows how these problems can be overcome in a tracking application. Also, the signal format is analyzed under the scope of future decade digital interceptors, showing that, in fact, this kind of signal exhibits improvement in some performances and requires a hardware that is only slightly more complex than that needed for CW-LFM systems.
The dynamics of signals with spread spectrum in sensor arrays, some aspects of digital beamforming

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper will describe the dynamics of spread spectrum signals in sensor arrays. In first part we shall discuss the mathematical representation of an angle modulated carriers where changes of the phases are made according to the values of Barker's codes but as new method every external element of the code includes an internal code. After that the scanning signal and sensor array are connected analytically and the influence of the sensor array in a dynamical regime is researched. Derived from characteristics of this type of signals, the sensor array is not able to use classical phase compensation for purpose of beam steering. Compensations of time lags of signals should be used to achieve a high resolution in all partial directions. It will work in the most correct way in a frequency-domain using characteristics of Fourier transformation [Tuan Do-Hong, et al., 2003]. Another proposed version in the work is a method where phase compensation (by blocks) with time lag compensation is used. Computer simulated time and space diagrams are displayed for all methods. (8 pages)
Need for substitution model selection in phylogenetics

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The selection of a best-fitting substitution model of molecular evolution has been traditionally considered as a mandatory step in the pipeline of probabilistic phylogenetic inference. However, some recent studies suggested that substitution model selection is unnecessary because they found very small differences among phylogenetic trees reconstructed under different substitution models of protein evolution. This controversy motivated us to explore the influence of selecting a substitution model of protein evolution on the accuracy of phylogenetic tree reconstruction with a clear study based on real and simulated data. Our results indicate that selecting the best-fitting substitution model of protein evolution leads to more accurate phylogenetic tree reconstructions, considering both topology and branch lengths, especially if the input genetic data presents large genetic diversity (i.e., sequence identity below 0.7). We conclude that selecting the best-fitting substitution model of molecular evolution is crucial for data with large genetic diversity and recommended for data with small genetic diversity.
Table_2_HIF2 Regulates Intestinal Wnt5a Expression.xlsx

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<p>Radiation therapy for abdominal tumors is challenging because the small intestine is exquisitely radiosensitive. Unfortunately, there are no FDA-approved therapies to prevent or mitigate GI radiotoxicity. The EGLN protein family are oxygen sensors that regulate cell survival and metabolism through the degradation of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs). Our group has previously shown that stabilization of HIF2 through genetic deletion or pharmacologic inhibition of the EGLNs mitigates and protects against GI radiotoxicity in mice by improving intestinal crypt stem cell survival. Here we aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which HIF2 confers GI radioprotection. We developed duodenal organoids from mice, transiently overexpressed non-degradable HIF2, and performed bulk RNA sequencing. Interestingly, HIF2 upregulated known radiation modulators and genes involved in GI homeostasis, including Wnt5a. Non-canonical Wnt5a signaling has been shown by other groups to improve intestinal crypt regeneration in response to injury. Here we show that HIF2 drives Wnt5a expression in multiple duodenal organoid models. Luciferase reporter assays performed in human cells showed that HIF2 directly activates the WNT5A promoter via a hypoxia response element. We then evaluated crypt regeneration using spheroid formation assays. Duodenal organoids that were pre-treated with recombinant Wnt5a had a higher cryptogenic capacity after irradiation, compared to vehicle-treated organoids. Conversely, we found that Wnt5a knockout decreased the cryptogenic potential of intestinal stem cells following irradiation. Treatment with recombinant Wnt5a prior to irradiation rescued the cryptogenic capacity of Wnt5a knockout organoids, indicating that Wnt5a is necessary and sufficient for duodenal radioprotection. Taken together, our results suggest that HIF2 radioprotects the GI tract by inducing Wnt5a expression.</p>
Reduction of Adolescent Drug Abuse Through Post-Hypnotic Cue Association

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Six adolescents who were involved in a variety of drug misuse were self-referrals for treatment because they were anxious and scared due to adverse drug reactions. All were females ranging in age from 14 to 16 years; 4 were Indian-Metis, 2 were white. Treatment consisted of an initial comprehensive psychological examination and orientation interview, three intensive sessions of hypnosis where the girls practiced and learned to develop cue association, and finally a procedure to develop cue association in situations where the girls felt tense, anxious, and prone to drug misuse. Total number of sessions ranged from 6 to 15 and a follow-up interview was conducted 6 months after this point. In all cases it was found that drug misuse, as determined by interviews with the subjects and with significant people in their environment, had virtually stopped, although there was some mild use of alcohol.
A Case of Gas-Forming Liver Abscess with Diabetes Mellitus

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A 43-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with right hypochondriac and epigastric pain. An abdominal radiograph showed a large niveau in the right subphrenic space. An abdominal CT scan demonstrated a large liver abscess (diameter, 13 cm) with gas formation. Klebsiella pneumoniae cells were isolated from the abscess, and the patient was treated with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage. It is very important to treat gas-forming liver abscess immediately, because subsequent bacteremia and septic shock are frequently noted, and the associated mortality rate is high.
Determination of strontium-90 in human bones by tributyl phosphate

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDetermination of strontium-90 in human bones by tributyl phosphateEdmond J. Baratta and Esther S. FerriCite this: Anal. Chem. 1967, 39, 7, 846–847Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1967Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1967https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60251a033https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60251a033research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views52Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Shareholder vs. stakeholder governance index and performance: evidence from the Tunisian quoted banks

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

In this study, we investigate the association between bank performance and governance index of the Tunisian quoted banks. On the one hand, we estimate two types of banking governance index, such as the shareholder governance index and the stakeholder governance index using the data envelopment analysis (DEA) method. Then, we elaborate a classification of the Tunisian banks according to their governance practices and we classify the governance indexes relating to the bank ownership structure. Our results show that the private banks present the best shareholder governance index, whereas the privatised banks hold the best stakeholder governance index. On the other hand, we explore the impact of the governance index on the bank performance. We find evidence that the shareholder governance index is positively related to the shareholder performance and that the stakeholder governance index positively influences the stakeholder performance.
CALIFORNIA BRIDGE HEALTH INDEX

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) has been involved in the development and implementation of the Pontis Bridge Management System since 1989. The Pontis development has introduced numerous innovative ideas that enhance the bridge maintenance and rehabilitation efforts of an agency. One of the most notable enhancements is the Element Level Inspection process. The inspection information collected using the element level inspection process provides a quick assessment of a bridge's condition by encapsulating both the severity of problems and their extent. The availability of the element inspection information and the need to accurately measure bridge condition has led to the development of the California Bridge Health Index. The Health Index is a single-number bridge condition assessment based purely on the economic worth of a bridge. The Health Index differs from the Federal Highway Administration's Sufficiency Rating in that it provides an insight to the structural condition of a bridge irrespective of its functional adequacy. This paper discusses the development of the California Bridge Health Index and describes its many uses within Caltrans.
CIRRHOSIS OF LIVER AND INSULIN RESISTANCE- AN OBSERVATIONAL STUDY IN ASSAM

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background:- The prevalence rate of Diabetes Mellitus in cirrhosis of liver varies from 35 to 71%. Diabetes developing in such cases is referred to as Hepatogenous Diabetes. Studies on insulin resistance and Cirrhosis of Liver in North-East India is, however, limited. Aims And Objectives- 1) To estimate fasting plasma glucose and fasting Insulin levels in patients with Cirrhosis of Liver. 2) To calculate HOMA-IR in these patients. Materials And Methods- Ahospital-based observational study on 110 non-Diabetic patients having Liver Cirrhosis was undertaken. Cases were divided according to Child Pugh classication into Grade A, B and C. Fasting plasma glucose and fasting Insulin were estimated in VITROS-5600 Autoanalyzer and HOMA-IR was determined for each case. Results-The mean insulin level was 5.8±2.3 in Child Pugh A, 7.5±3.5 in Child Pugh B and 22.2±11.5 in Child Pugh C. The mean HOMA-IR was 1.3±0.6 in Child Pugh A, 1.8±0.9 in Child Pugh B and 5.8±3.5 in Child Pugh C. The difference in Fasting Insulin and HOMA-IR in Child Pugh Grade A, B and C was found to be statistically signicant (p<0.05). Conclusion- It can be concluded that insulin resistance is maximum in cases with Cirrhosis of Liver having highest Child Pugh grading. Follow-up studies may help in demonstrating Insulin Resistance with increasing grade of Liver Cirrhosis.
The Species ofRussulaSubsectionXerampelinaeDescribed by C.H. Peck and Miss G.S. Burlingham

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Microscopical characters of type specimens for three species in Russula subsect. Xerampelinae, R. atropurpurea Peck, R. serissima Peck and R. fucosa Burl., are described in detail and compared with recent collections. Taxonomic and nomenclatural aspects are discussed. Lectotypes are chosen for R. fucosa and R. xerampelina var. semirubra. The latter taxon is here demonstrated to be a synonym of Burlingham's species.
A Novel Spirocyclic Halogen-Free Flame Retardant: Synthesis and Flammability Characteristics in Epoxy Resin Composites

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

A novel spirocyclic halogen-free flame retardant ISCP was successfully synthesized, and its structure was confirmed by FTIR, 1 H NMR, and 31 P NMR.Results of LOI, UL-94, and CONE tests demonstrated that the ISCP effectively enhanced flame retardancy of EP composites, which could improve the LOI value from 19.5 to 36.8, pass the UL-94 V-0 rating when 20 wt.% ISCP was added, and CONE tests suggested that ISCP could decrease the PHRR and THR remarkably.TGA tests revealed that during the combustion, ISCP could increase the amount of residual char.SEM morphologies indicated that ISCP greatly facilitated the char-forming process and generated uniform and compact intumescent char layer, leading to EP with improved flame retardancy.
New fabrication technology of SiO<inf>2</inf> optical fiber preform

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper describes the preparation technology development of optical fiber preform, and gives a comprehensive analysis to the development of domestic and international fiber optic industry. And in this paper, the technical process, preparation methods, principles and difficulties on SiO 2 optical fiber preform by sol-gel were also analyzed. This paper provides a theoretical basis for manufacture of optical fiber preform by sol-gel method, and finally future research directions by this method are outlined.
Identification and analysis of the dissimilatory nitrous oxide reduction genes, nosRZDFY, of Rhizobium meliloti

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The complete nos region essential for dissimilatory nitrous oxide reduction by the endosymbiotic diazotroph Rhizobium meliloti was identified in a cosmid (pYC7) carrying a 10.1-kb EcoRI fragment of the nod megaplasmid. This gene region was localized by Southern hybridization and Tn5 mutagenesis to within 8 kb downstream from the fixGHIS cluster. Nucleotide sequence determination of a 4.6-kb DNA segment including the structural gene nosZ and its flanking regions showed sequence homology and similarity in genetic organization with the nosRZDFY genes of Pseudomonas stutzeri Zobell. The genes were arranged in three complementation groups, comprising the nosZ structural gene, the nosR regulatory gene, and the nosDFY copper-processing genes. The derived amino acid sequence of the R. meliloti nosZ product (a multi-copper nitrous oxide reductase) was more similar to those of the analogous gene products of Paracoccus and Pseudomonas species than to that of Alcaligenes eutrophus. The nosZ gene was preceded by nosR, which encodes a regulatory protein containing C-terminal cysteine clusters similar to those present in the 4Fe-4S binding region of bacterial ferredoxins, The nosDFY genes, located downstream from nosZ, were identified as copper-processing genes encoding a periplasmic protein, an ATP/GTP-binding protein, and a membrane protein presumably forming a copper-processing system. A consensus sequence for an Anr- or Fnr-binding site similar to that in the upstream sequence of nosZ in Paracoccus denitrificans or P. stutzeri was absent in R. meliloti. No rpoN-binding site preceding the nos genes was detected, and none of the Tn5 insertions in the nos gene region affected symbiotic N2-fixing ability.
Services available to children of leprosy patients in leprosy settlements in Abia, and Oyo States of Nigeria

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Aim: Study investigates extent to which services like free education, health care including HIV/AIDS prevention and others are available to children of leprosy patients in settlements; To find out the risk factors children of leprosy patients are exposed to in the settlements.Methods: Study was carried out in 3 purposively selected leprosy settlements, Uzuakoli in Abia State, Ohaozara in Ebonyi State and Ogbomoso in Oyo State using 86 children from 10 years and above who are available during study. Structured questionnaire, and interview schedule were instruments used. Data were analyzed with Stat Pac Gold package.Results: Provision of social services to children of leprosy patients studied is limited. Only a total of 13 (16.5%) of the children in both States enjoyed free education. The rest 66 (83.5%) paid school fees. Despite the fact that greater number of children in Oyo State 34 (94.4%) than in Abia State 32 (74.4%), enjoyed free education, higher proportion of children in Abia State 43 (95.6%) than in Oyo State 36 (87.9%), was in school. About 42 (97.7%) of children in Abia State and 30 (83.3%) in Oyo State lacked knowledge of HIV prevention. Neither reproductive health services including HIV/AIDS prevention nor prophylactic treatments for leprosy were available to them. Finding showed that out of 33 females studied, 7 (21%) in Oyo and 4 (12%) in Abia, without being properly married, were living and making babies with the opposite sex in the settlements. Conclusion: In view of above results, increased social services including HIV/AIDS prevention, prophylactic treatments and health promotions are recommended
Reinvestigation of Structure of Porritoxin, a Phytotoxin of Alternaria porri

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The structure of porritoxin, a phytotoxin of Alternaria porri, was reinvestigated by detailed 2D NMR analysis including (1)H-(13)C and (1)H-(15)N HMBC experiments. The structure of porritoxin was determined to be 2-(2'-hydroxyethyl)-4-methoxy-5-methyl-6-(3' '-methyl-2' '-butenyloxy)-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindol-1-one (1). Thus our previous proposed structure, 8-(3',3'-dimethylallyloxy)-10-methoxy-9-methyl-1H-3,4-dihydro-2,5-benzoxazocin-6(5H)-one (2), is incorrect.
Towards Adoption of Constructivist Instructional Approach in Learning Biology in Secondary School Students in Kenya: Addressing Learner Attitude

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Learning Biology helps learners to acquire requisite knowledge in understanding life processes for positive coexistence. In instances where learners appreciate the position of biology in life, they develop positive attitude and this is reflected in their performance. However, in Kenya, most students have continued to register poor performance in biology in national examinations and this has been attributed to negative attitude towards the sciences by most learners. To address this, changes in the educational curricula and teaching methods from the transmission curriculum to a transactional curriculum has been suggested. The changes imply adjustments in the instructional process to include learner centred activities. On the other hand, studies have shown that the attitude of learners towards changes influence the adoptability and workability of the introduced change. This study investigated attitude of learners towards the constructivist instructional approach. The study adopted a cross-sectional survey technique. Data was obtained from four boys’, four girls’, and four mixed secondary schools with a total of 477 students and were analysed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. The results indicated that learners have positive attitude towards the constructivist instructional approach. Boys obtained a scores of (M=58.30; SD=9.15, N=150) while girls had a score of (M=53.14; SD=8.24, N=146). Based on this finding, it is recommended that instructors adopt the constructivist approach in learning so as to boost the attitude of students towards learning biology. It would also be appropriate for further investigations to be conducted in other fields of science such as chemistry and Physics so as to find out if the constructivist approach would also boost the attitude of students in such subjects. Finally, policy makers in the field of education in Kenya (The Ministry of Education, Science and Technology through the Kenya Institute of Curriculum Development (KICD)) should come up with policies to ensure appropriate learning approaches which foster positive attitude towards learning.
Nursing perspectives on intraperitoneal chemotherapy.

Field: Nursing (Health Sciences)

During the past decade, a number of studies have established that there is a considerable pharmacologic advantage to direct intraperitoneal instillation of chemotherapy for treatment of cancer confined to the abdominal cavity. This article explores the history, present status, and future directions of intraperitoneal chemotherapy. The therapeutic advantages, various chemotherapeutic agents used, delivery systems, administration procedures, toxic effects, and nursing management are addressed.
Gamma Interferon Production and Cytotoxicity of Spleen Cells from Mice Infected with Semliki Forest Virus

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Interferon (IFN) production by spleen cells from normal mice, mice acutely infected with Semliki Forest virus (SFV) or mice immune to SFV was measured after stimulation in vitro with either infectious or inactivated SFV. All three classes of spleen cells made IFN-alpha beta in response to infectious SFV. Spleen cells taken from mice late, but not early, after infection, or from immune mice, made IFN-gamma in response to inactivated SFV. Amounts of INF-gamma and IFN-alpha beta were similar. Normal spleen cells made no IFN (of any type) in response to inactivated SFV. The cell type producing IFN-alpha beta appeared to be the macrophage, whilst both T-lymphocytes and macrophages were necessary for IFN-gamma production. During the acute infection, the ability of spleen cells to lyse both virus-infected and uninfected target cells arose earlier than the ability to produce IFN-gamma. However, cytotoxicity towards uninfected cells fell to near background levels by day 7, whilst cytotoxicity towards infected targets remained high at that time, when IFN-gamma production was at its peak. IFN-gamma production is therefore temporally associated with cytotoxicity specifically directed against virus-infected targets, and the ability to produce IFN-gamma is a late response to SFV infection.