jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Herpes Simplex Virus type 1 lytic viral gene expression during the establishment and maintenance of latency

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) type I causes cold sores but is also associated with severe outcomes such as encephalitis and blindness. The primary lytic HSV-1 infection in the skin and peripheral nervous system (PNS) is limited to around a week, but latent virus persists in neurons, from which it can reactivate periodically. A black and white view of lytic versus latent infection persists in the HSV literature. Somewhat paradoxically, there remains concern that ‘true’ latent infection cannot be assumed to occur in animal models within a month of primary infection. In this thesis, the ROSA26R/Cre mouse model was used that allows historic assessment of virus activity. In this model, β-galactosidase (β-gal) expression is switched on permanently in any cells that had experienced HSV-1-driven Cre recombinase expression. Further, placing the Cre gene under the control of various HSV-1 promoters allowed the number of cells that have experienced different types of viral activity to be determined, from entry of a virus genome to expression of lytic genes. This historical analysis found substantial lytic gene expression and spread of virus occurs in the PNS for at least five days beyond the peak of infectious virus load. This suggests that the period immediately after the bulk of the lytic infection is quelled remains highly dynamic. Further, there was continued accumulation in β-gal marked cells in mice infected with viruses that express Cre from the gB and infected cell protein (ICP) 6 promoters. Therefore, transient, likely low level, promoter activity does occur during latency, which can lead to protein production. This was not observed for the ICP0 promoter, indicating that expression from various lytic gene promoters differs during this time. More striking, when expression of Cre was directed by the promoter for ICP47, a viral gene that functions to inhibit adaptive immune responses, the number of β-gal-expressing neurons continued to rise sharply until day 20 after infection. Further, β-gal marked cells continued to accumulate throughout latency, suggesting that ICP47 may function during latency to facilitate evasion of the immune response, and potentially reactivation. However, attempts to overcome the effect of ICP47 expression by increasing antigen presentation on infected neurons did not have a substantial impact on the establishment or maintenance of latency. In summary, this thesis has provided insights into the dynamic interaction between viral lytic gene expression and the immune response during latency, challenging the traditional paradigm of an almost-quiescent form of HSV-1 latency. The results presented in this thesis further our understanding HSV-1 and α-herpesvirus latency, and with further research will hopefully lead to better therapeutic outcomes.
NiCo-OH Nanosheets Coated with NiCoS Nanosheets for Supercapacitors and Alkaline Zinc Batteries

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Herein, a reverse bias heterojunction NiCoS/NiCo-OH with mesopores as the positive electrode was constructed by interface engineering. During the process of charging, the application of a positive bias potential by the external circuit to the reverse bias heterojunction NiCoS/NiCo-OH enhances the accumulation of charges within the NiCoS nanosheets. Under the modulation of the built-in electric field at the interface, the mesoporous interface of NiCo-OH acts as a receiver, collecting charges from NiCoS nanosheets and forming a channel leading to efficient ion diffusion and charge transfer. The specific capacity of the NiCoS/NiCo-OH electrode is up to 406.5 mA h g–1 at 1 A g–1. It demonstrates ultrahigh rate performance, reaching 81.9% (50 A g–1) and 77.4% (100 A g–1). The hybrid supercapacitor NiCoS/NiCo-OH//FNG shows a high energy density of 51.3 W h kg–1 at 1650 W kg–1. Moreover, the capacity of the Zn||NiCoS/NiCo-OH battery reaches 419.1 mA h g–1cathode at 1 A g–1, and it can still maintain 73% (306.3 mA h g–1cathode) at 100 A g–1.
The King of Fighters '98 - The Slugfest: (CO) iDB_HD vs(GP) marvelious971 - 2021-09-08 21:04:33

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

(CO) iDB_HD vs (GP) marvelious971 - 2021-09-08 21:04:33 Fightcade replay id: 1631135073346-1298 For more videos check out: https://fightcadevids.com
Three-dimensional morphometry of mammalian cells. II. Areas, volumes, and area-volume ratios.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

From three-dimensional diameter measurements of eleven kinds of cells pertaining to five different organs, which were excised from eleven adult mammals (nine species) whose body weight range was 40 g to 450 kg, we calculated the corresponding cell soma areas (A), volumes (V), and finally their area-volume ratios (A/V). The dissimilarities among these eleven cell types could be established quantitatively by means of a cluster analysis. The dendrograms for cell areas (A), volumes (V), and their corresponding area-volume ratios (A/V), yielded similar groupings when cell areas and volumes were compared, yet the grouping of the area-volume ratios (A/V) for the eleven types of cells was different. These results were corroborated by means of the principal components analysis, where five distinct cell groupings could be established. The relationship between cellular morphometry, oxidative metabolism, and body mass, was established by means of the fractal geometry of the transport systems (respiration and circulation), which provides the tools for the scale-dependent analysis of the surfaces across which the transport of metabolites is performed.
Chronic kidney disease and its reflections on skin: a study from North-East India

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Chronic kidney disease is associated with a variety of cutaneous manifestations as a result of underlying etiology as well as the various treatment modalities.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> A hospital based cross sectional study was carried out for two year among 100 diagnosed cases of chronic kidney disease admitted in the Department of General Medicine, Regional Institute of Medical Sciences, Manipur, India having at least one mucocutaneous manifestation. Complete clinical and dermatogical evaluation and relevant investigations were done in all patients.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> There were 57% male and 43% female patients. The maximum number of study subjects belonged to the age range of 41 to 60 years. Diabetes mellitus was the commonest (39%) cause of chronic kidney disease in this study, followed by hypertension (32%), chronic interstitial nephritis and chronic glomerulonephritis (9%) each, other diseases (7%) and obstructive uropathy (4%). Sixty three percent of the patients were managed under conservative therapy and rest (37%) was on dialysis. Xerosis (72%) was the most common cutaneous manifestation followed by pallor (64%), pruritis (56%), hyperpigmentation (51%), yellowish hue (21%), dermatitis (10%) and others (24%). Infectious skin manifestations were present in 43% of study population, among which fungal, bacterial, viral disease constituted 19%, 17% and 7% respectively. Mucosal changes, hair changes and nail changes were reported in 77%, 68%, 119% cases respectively.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Early recognition and management of the dermatological manifestations vastly reduce the morbidity and improve the quality of life in chronic kidney disease patients.</p>
Synthesis of Ni Nanochains with Various Sizes: The Magnetic and Catalytic Properties

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

A series of pure Ni thin chains with particle diameters ranging from 15 to 80 nm were successfully synthesized by a wet chemical method. Magnetization measurements for the Ni chains reveal that the saturation magnetization increases and the coercivity decreases with increasing particle diameter. The magnetization reversal mechanism of both the samples with a diameter of 30 and 50 nm can be described by the model of "chain of spheres". Using the fanning mode, the calculated coercivities and the remnant ratios agree well with the experimental results. Surprisingly, the coercivity is greatly enhanced, reaching as high as 790 Oe at T = 5 K for the Ni chains with a diameter of ∼15 nm, which are composed of single-crystal particles. Meanwhile, in the degradation of pentachlorophenol (PCP) solutions with Fe0 nanoparticles as reducing agents, Ni nanochains with a diameter of ∼80 nm were added, and the results indicate that the sample could serve as a good catalyst in dechlorination systems.
Refractive error with the Barrett True-K No History versus Panacea formula in cataract operated patients with a history of radial keratotomy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: The challenge of calculating intraocular lens (IOL) power after refractive surgery such as radial keratotomy (RK) remains unresolved after two decades. At present, there is an increase in patients with this history. Objectives: The objectives of the study were to determine the difference in refractive error after surgery between the Barrett True-K No History and Panacea formulas, for the calculation of IOL in cataract operated patients with a history of RK. Materials and methods: An observational, analytical, cross-sectional, and retrospective study was conducted. The power of the IOL was calculated, with the Barrett True-K No History and Panacea formulas, and the IOLMaster 500 biometer. Two groups were studied. The predicted spherical equivalent was adjusted to obtain the power of the final implanted lens. The result of the predicted spherical equivalent was subtracted from the actual spherical equivalent, thus the refractive error was obtained for each formula. Student’s t-test was used for independent groups. Results: The error with the Barrett True-K No History formula was −0.16 ± 1.12, whereas the error with the Panacea formula was −0.93 ± 1.22. p = 0.346. Conclusion: There was no statistically significant difference when comparing these two formulas, which showed that Panacea is as effective as Barrett True-K No History in cataract-operated patients with a history of RK. \n
Application of the Recitation Method to improve Analytical Thinking Ability and Learning Outcomes

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The recitation method is a learning method that is characterized by the work of assignments by students. Analogy ability is the ability of a person (student) in solving problems by drawing conclusions based on the similarity of the process or the data provided. Learning outcomes are abilities possessed by students after students carry out learning activities. This study aims to describe how the process of applying the Recitation method improves students' analogical thinking skills and student learning outcomes. The subjects in this study were students of class VIIIA SMP Satya Dharma Jalan Puger, Balung District, Jember Regency. Data collection techniques were carried out with observation sheets, tests, and documentation. This research uses classroom action research (CAR). The results of the study can be seen from the acquisition of the percentage of teacher and student activities in the first cycle of 94.87% and 87.17% respectively, while in the second cycle the percentage of teacher and student activities is the same, namely 97.43%. Analogy thinking ability and student learning outcomes in the first cycle respectively get an average of 41.26% and 60% while in the second cycle the average Analogy thinking ability and student learning outcomes are 66.98% and 80.47%. So it can be concluded that applying the recitation method can improve students' analytical thinking skills and student learning outcomes.
Data from The Prognostic Significance of Vasohibin-1 Expression in Patients with Upper Urinary Tract Urothelial Carcinoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<div>Abstract<p><b>Purpose:</b> Vasohibin-1 (VASH1) is a novel angiogenic molecule that is specifically expressed in activated vascular endothelial cells, and the status of VASH1 expression has been documented in cancer angiogenesis. The aim of this study was to address the prognostic value of VASH1 expression in upper urinary tract urothelial carcinomas (UTUC).</p><p><b>Experimental Design:</b> We retrospectively analyzed the clinical records of 171 patients with locally advanced UTUC (Ta-3N0M0). The median follow-up period was 3.8 years. We immunohistochemically examined the accomplished microvessels with anti-CD34 as microvessel density (MVD) and the microvessels with activated endothelial cells as VASH1 density. Then, we analyzed the association between immunohistochemical expression and clinical outcomes.</p><p><b>Results:</b> Forty-two patients experienced tumor recurrence and of these 34 died of the disease during follow-up. VASH1 density was significantly associated with tumor grade, pathologic T stage, and MVD. The 5-year recurrence-free and cancer-specific survival rates were 66.1% and 72.8% in patients with VASH1 density (≥ 40/mm<sup>2</sup>) and 81.0% and 86.5% in their counterparts, respectively (<i>P</i> < 0.05). MVD was not an independent predictor of tumor recurrence or cancer-specific survival. Multivariate analyses revealed that high VASH1 density was an independent prognostic indicator of both tumor recurrence (<i>P</i> = 0.024, HR = 2.10) and cancer-specific survival (<i>P</i> = 0.031, HR = 2.23) as well as other standard prognostic factors including high tumor grade and lymphovascular invasion.</p><p><b>Conclusions:</b> VASH1 density represents a clinically relevant predictor of patient prognosis in UTUC. The results suggest that VASH1 density could become a new biomarker and provide additional prognostic information in patients with UTUC. <i>Clin Cancer Res; 18(15); 4145–53. ©2012 AACR</i>.</p></div>
Vigilance and diet selection: a simple example in the dark-eyed junco

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A straightforward prediction of "classical" optimal diet theory is that an animal should consume only the more profitable of two prey types (in terms of energy/time) in an environment where search time is negligible. However, such a simple diet is not necessarily expected if an animal feeds under the risk of predation. If an animal chooses to be vigilant for predators, and if the degree to which prey handling and vigilance are mutually exclusive varies positively with prey profitability, then the optimal diet may be a mixture of both prey types. The proportion of the mixed diet consisting of the less profitable item should decrease with an increase in both the size of the feeding group and the absolute profitability of the more profitable item, reflecting a trade-off between the need for a high rate of energy intake and the need to be vigilant for predators. Such behaviour was observed in free-living dark-eyed juncos (Junco hyemalis) feeding in simple two-prey environments.
Family Dysfunction and Depressive Tendencies in Adolescents

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Depressive tendencies describe the extent to which a person experiences symptoms of depression. Depression is defined as a psychological condition in which a person experiences deep negative feelings. The onset of depression symptoms can be caused by several factors, one of which is environmental factors. Family can be an environmental factor that affects the psychological well-being of individuals. Families that do not carry out their roles well can be referred to as a dysfunctional family. Adolescence marks the transition from childhood to adulthood. During this period, individuals have a higher prevalence of depression. The objective of this research was to determine the relationship between family dysfunction and depressive tendencies among adolescents in Malang City. The research was conducted with a correlational quantitative approach. 114 subjects were recruited. Data were collected using the Family Assessment Device General Functioning Scale and the Depression Tendency Scale. The results showed that generally, respondents had moderate depressive tendencies, with a mean score of 94.64. Results related to family dysfunction showed a family mean score of 2.1498. This figure indicated that on average the families functioned poorly. This research revealed that there was a significant positive correlation between the two variables with r = 0.626, where the higher the level of family dysfunction, the greater the tendency for depression. Keywords: depression, family dysfunction, adolescents
Detailed photoluminescence studies of thin film Cu2S for determination of quasi-Fermi level splitting and defect levels

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We have studied chalcocite (Cu2S) layers prepared by physical vapor deposition with varying deposition parameters by calibrated spectral photoluminescence (PL) and by confocal PL with lateral resolution of Δ x≈0.9 μm. Calibrated PL experiments as a function of temperature T and excitation fluxes were performed to obtain the absolute PL-yield and to calculate the splitting of the quasi-Fermi levels (QFLs) μ=Ef,n−Ef,p at an excitation flux equivalent to the AM 1.5 spectrum and the absorption coefficient α(ℏω), both in the temperature range of 20 K≤T≤400 K. The PL-spectra reveal two peaks at E#1=1.17 eV and E#2=1.3 eV. The samples show a QFL-splitting of μ&gt;700 meV associated with a pseudo band gap of Eg=1.25 eV. The high-energy peak shows an unexpected temperature behavior, namely, an increase of PL-yield with rising temperature at variance with the behavior of QFL-splitting that decreases with rising T. Our observations indicate that, contrary to common believe, it is not the PL-yield, but rather the QFL-splitting that is the comprehensive indicator of the quality of the excited state in an illuminated semiconductor. A further examination of the lateral variation of opto-electronic properties by confocal PL and the surface contour shows no detectable correlation between Cu2S grains/grain boundaries and the PL-yield or QFL-splitting.
An Analysis on the Operation Productivity and Initial Growth of Containerized Seedlings Planted by the Lightweight Planting Auger

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Due to aging of the rural and mountain populations the labor force is reduced. However work intensity continues to increase, thus, there is a need to improve the current effectiveness of forest operations. This study compared and analyzed the Operation productivity and efficiency of planting containerized seedlings using a battery-powered planting auger and a mattock. Growth was also investigated by looking into the initial growth increments in the planted seedlings. Tasks were investigated by analyzing the process and operation time needed to plant 1 containerized seedling using a planting auger and a mattock. The time spent on the various elements of the planting process was measured with a stopwatch but observations were done continuously. Result of the study shows that with the use of a lightweight planting auger the average time spent to plant a containerized seedling is 18.61 seconds while with the use of a mattock it took an average of 26.96 seconds which clearly demonstrates that the planting auger is more efficient in terms of working hours. Working intensity was also analyzed with the use of a portable heart rate monitor (Polar V800). The average increase in heart rate and work intensity index were analyzed for one planting cycle. It was observed that when using the lightweight planting auger, there was a 46.51% increase in the average heart rate while a 74.67% increase in heart rate when the mattock was used which shows that there is a significant increase in heart rate when mattock is used. In addition, work intensity index was observed to be 29.95% and 47.83% when the planting auger and mattock were used respectively. With the continuous use, work intensity index is significantly higher with the use of the mattock as compared to that of the lightweight planting auger. There were no significant differences on the growth increment of seedlings planted using the different tools until a year after planting, however differences in growth increment were observed after a year. A difference of 15.1 cm in height and 3.41 mm in diameter was observed which shows that the use of lightweight planting auger is excellent for planting containerized seedlings.
Four methods of estimating population exposure to transportation noise

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper assesses four methods for estimating population exposure to road traffic noise within the context of the EU Environmental Noise Directive (END). Employing a case study in central Dublin, Ireland, the methods—MAX, MIN, VBEB/CNOSSOS and AVE—are tested utilising the Lden and Lnight indicators. The study first investigates the extent to which exposure estimates may vary depending on the method utilised while controlling for the noise calculation method. Second, it investigates how estimates of exposure vary depending on the calculation method used; in this case, CRTN and NMPB. The results show that controlling for noise calculation method and employing the same input data, estimations of population exposure differ substantially depending on the exposure method employed. Furthermore, the potential variability in estimated night-time exposure and the potential for under or over estimation of the health effects of environmental noise on a given population when different methods are utilised is clearly demonstrated. The results also show that the method of noise calculation employed has an effect on estimated exposure, particularly for Lden measures. Values for Lnight were found to be very similar regardless of the calculation method employed.
Short communications

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to clarify the role of the intestinal anaerobe bacteria colonizing the intestine of the newborn delivered by cesarean section. The intestinal bacterial colonization of 18 newborns delivered by cesarean section was assessed sequentially over the first 14 days of life. Emphasis is placed on C. perfringens and upon interaction to other bacteria. Correlation was made with the infant feeding mode. Microbial studies were realized in anaerobic conditions using Columbia blood agar simple and supplemented with antibiotics. Artificial alimentation seemed to favour C. perfringens installation, in contrast to the maternal one which promote B. bifidum proliferation. Antagonism between these bacteria seems to be established in the newborn intestine, via the alimentation.
Experiences of professional Southeast Asian esports players

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper investigated the experiences of professional mobile esports players across three Southeast Asian countries; Indonesia, Philippines, and Singapore. The study was rooted in strain theory and research data was collected through surveys and online interviews. We explored how commonly accepted socio-cultural norms and attitudes towards mobile gaming and jobs affect the professional player’s perception of themselves and their pursuit of esports as a job. We found that esports players have different goals in their jobs as professional players compared to people in more traditional jobs. Professional players also face a disconnect between their expected rewards as a result of their efforts and the actual rewards they are given in their jobs. This disconnect results in players experiencing strain, which they respond to in various ways. The findings from this study add knowledge to the rising field of study on esports and offer unique findings through the analysis of esports through strain theory.