jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Photos, Tweets, and Trails: Are Social Media Proxies for Urban Trail Use?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Decision makers need information on the use of, and demand for, public recreation and transportation facilities. Innovations in monitoring technologies and diffusion of social media enable new approaches to estimation of demand. We assess the feasibility of using geo-tagged photographs uploaded to the image-sharing website Flickr and tweets from Twitter as proxy measures for urban trail use. We summarize geo-tagged Flickr uploads and tweets along 80 one-mile segments of the multiuse trail network in Minneapolis, Minnesota, and correlate results with previously published estimates of annual average daily trail traffic derived from infrared trail monitors. Although heat maps of Flickr images and tweets show some similarities with maps of variation in trail traffic, the correlation between photographs and trail traffic is moderately weak (0.43), and there is no meaningful statistical correlation between tweets and trail traffic. Use of a simple log-log bivariate regression to estimate trail traffic from photographs results in relatively high error. The predictor variables included in published demand models for the same trails explain roughly the same amount of variation in photo-derived use, but some of the neighborhood socio-demographic and built-environment independent variables have different effects. Taken together, these findings show that both Flickr images and tweets have limitations as proxies for demand for urban trails, and that neither can be used to develop valid, reliable estimates of trail use. These results differ from previously published results that indicate social media may be useful in assessing relative demand for recreational destinations. This difference may be because urban trails are used for multiple purposes, including routine commuting and shopping, and that trail users are less inclined to use social media on trips for these purposes.
Shooting Stars

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study analyzes two decades of data from a municipal police agency and describes the average patrol officer career productivity trajectory. We find that declines in productivity begin immediately after the first year of service and worsen over the course of officers’ careers. After their 20th year, patrol officers generate 88% fewer directed patrols, 50% fewer traffic warnings, 58% fewer traffic citations, 41% fewer warrant arrests, and 57% fewer misdemeanor arrests compared to officers with 1 year of experience. Using a patrol officer productivity metric called Z-score per Productive Time ( Z-PRO), we estimate that each additional year of service decreases an officer’s overall productivity by about 2%. Z-PRO also indicates that after 21 years of service, an average officer will be approximately 35% less productive overall than an officer with 1 year of service.
Mixed connective tissue disease with arterial thrombosis, antiphospholipid antibodies and heparin induced thrombocytopenia.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We report a patient with mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) who presented with thrombosis of the right femoral artery in association with antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL). When treated surgically and with heparin prophylaxis, she developed heparin induced thrombocytopenia and thrombosis which necessitated amputation of a lower limb. Thus our patient developed 2 separate groups of autoantibodies associated with thrombotic events. Our case highlights an association between thrombosis, aPL and MCTD. Furthermore, it emphasizes a need for intensive monitoring when hypercoaguable individuals with connective tissue disorders are treated with heparin.
Experimental Comparison of Two Main Paradigms for Day-Ahead Average Carbon Intensity Forecasting in Power Grids: A Case Study in Australia

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Accurate carbon intensity forecasts enable consumers to adjust their electricity use, reducing it during high fossil-fuel generation and increasing it when renewables dominate. Existing methods for carbon intensity forecasting can be categorized into a source-disaggregated approach (SDA), focused on delivering individual generation forecasts for each potential source (e.g., wind, brown-coal, etc.), and a source-aggregated approach (SAA), attempting to produce a single carbon intensity forecast for the entire system. This research aims to conduct a thorough comparison between SDA and SAA for carbon intensity forecasting, investigating the factors that contribute to variations in performance across two distinct real-world generation scenarios. By employing contemporary machine learning time-series forecasting models, and analyzing data from representative locations with varying fuel mixes and renewable penetration levels, this study provides insights into the key factors that differentiate the performance of each approach in a real-world setting. The results indicate the SAA proves to be more advantageous in scenarios involving increased renewable energy generation, with greater proportions and instances when renewable energy generation faces curtailment or atypical/peaking generation is brought online. While the SDA offers better model interpretability and outperforms in scenarios with increased niche energy generation types, in our experiments, it struggles to produce accurate forecasts when renewable outputs approach zero.
PO27IDH1 MUTATIONS COMPROMISE THE ADAPTIVE RESPONSE TO HYPOXIA

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

INTRODUCTION: The recent identification of recurrent heterozygous somatic mutations in the isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH1) gene in low-grade gliomas and secondary glioblastoma, provides a much-needed advance in our understanding of the drivers of these tumours. Patients with this mutation are generally younger and have improved prognosis. Mutations in IDH1 occur at an arginine residue at codon 132 (R132) and result in production of the putative oncometabolite - (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate (2HG). (R)-2HG production has subsequently been shown to induce changes in DNA and histone methylation. However, there are conflicting reports regarding the metabolic role of IDH1 mutations and subsequent production of (R)-2HG in hypoxia, which are yet to be reconciled. METHOD: To define the hypoxic metabolic phenotype of IDH1 mutations, we applied complementary techniques - gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to probe differences in the metabolic adaptation to hypoxia using [13C6]-glucose and [13C5]-glutamine tracers. RESULTS: Employing a human oligodendroglioma (HOG) cell line model, infected with mutant IDH1 by lentivirus, we show that IDH1 mutations metabolically compromise the adaptation to hypoxia, despite observable HIF1alpha stabilisation. CONCLUSION: We hypothesise that the adaptive transcriptional responses of hypoxia is blunted in IDH1 mutants resulting in the inability ofHIF1alpha to fully regulate downstream targets and ultimately cell metabolism. These results may account for the improved prognosis associated with this subset of glial tumours. Increasing our understanding of metabolic redundancies in tumour cells will aid the development of more effective treatments.
Abstract 242: Superoxide and Isoketal Neo-antigen formation in Dendritic Cells from Hypertensive mice activate T cells and promote Hypertension

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Superoxide and inflammation contribute to the genesis of hypertension but the mechanisms involved are not fully understood. We examined the hypothesis that oxidative stress in dendritic cells (DCs) alters endogenous proteins via Isoketal-modification leading to formation of neo-antigens, T cell activation and blood pressure elevation. DCs isolated from mice with angiotensin II-induced hypertension had a significant increase in NADPH oxidase-dependent superoxide production when compared to sham-treated mice (334.0±49.7 versus 65.8±4.5 pmol/mg protein). This was associated with an exuberant DC accumulation of protein-isoketal adducts and activation of IL-6, IL-1β and IL-23 production. DCs from hypertensive mice but not sham mice promoted survival and proliferation of CD8 + T cells in culture. Scavenging of isoketals not only prevented activation and immunogenicity of DCs, but also markedly attenuated angiotensin II-induced hypertension (142.59 ± 8.98 mmHg versus 175.53 ± 5.19 mmHg in controls). Moreover, adaptive transfer of DCs from hypertensive mice primed development of hypertension in mice given a sub-pressor dose of angiotensin II (157.45 ± 33.86 mmHg versus 119.90 ± 17.33 mmHg in controls). These studies show that angiotensin II-induced hypertension activates DCs, in large part by causing superoxide production and formation of isoketals. We propose that Isoketal-modified proteins can be presented as neo-antigens by DCs, which in turn trigger T cell activation leading to hypertension.
ECONOMIC PROBLEMS OF EDUCATION DEVELOPMENT UNDER THE WORLD FINANCIAL CRISIS

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The economic condition of the Russian education system is studied. The main problems of education financial provision under the world financial crisis are revealed. The main sources of professional education financing are defined. Approaches to modernization and efficiency development of the education state financing are suggested. The man directions of modernization of non-budget financing in education sphere are presented.
Analysis for REPERA

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Distributed systems, especially those providing cloud services, endeavor to construct sufficiently reliable storage in order to attract more customers. Generally, pure replication and erasure code are widely adopted in distributed systems to guarantee reliable data storage, yet both of them contain some deficiencies. Pure replication consumes too much extra storage and bandwidth, while erasure code seems not so high-efficiency and only suitable for read-only context. The authors proposed REPERA as a hybrid mechanism combining pure replication and erasure code to leverage their advantages and mitigate their shortages. This paper qualitatively compares fault-resilient distributed architectures built with pure replication, erasure code and REPERA. The authors show that systems employing REPERA share with erasure-resilient systems a higher availability and more durable storage with similar space and bandwidth consumption when compared with replicated systems. The authors show that systems employing REPERA, on one hand, obtain higher availability while comparing to erasure-resilient systems, on the other hand, benefit from more durable storage while comparing to replicated systems. Furthermore, since REPERA was developed under the open platform, REPERA, the authors prepare an experiment to evaluate the performance of REPERA by comparing with the original system.
Left Main Trifurcation and Its Percutaneous Treatment

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In humans, the most common anatomic variation of the left main (LM) stem is represented by its distal division in 3 branches (LM trifurcation) instead of 2. LM trifurcation disease accounts for ≈10% to 15% of all LM diseases and is often managed by cardiac surgery. Over the last decades, due to the improvement of interventional material and techniques, percutaneous coronary intervention started gaining acceptance to treat patients with LM disease including those with trifurcated anatomy. Yet, LM trifurcation stenosis with its intrinsic anatomic complexity (3 branches, at least 4 angles, wide variability in branch size and disease) is recognized as a challenging lesion subset for percutaneous coronary intervention. In this review, we summarize available data about LM trifurcation anatomy, its influence on percutaneous coronary intervention feasibility, and the evidence collected regarding the different technical options (including trissing balloon inflation).
From National Culture to Diversity: The Formation of the "Diversity" Concept in Korean Film Policy

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

2005년 영화진흥위원회는 예술영화, 독립영화 및 실험영화와 같은 비주류적 영화를 제작, 배급, 상영 면에서 체계적으로 지원하기 위해 ‘다양성 영화’ 라는 정책 용어를 고안했다. 이 연구는 1970년대부터 2000년대에 걸쳐 일어난 사회적, 문화정책적 변화를 살피면서, 2000년대 중반, ‘다양성 영화’에 대한 지원이 정책적으로 요청된 이유를 검토한다. 이 과정에서 본 연구는 문화정책의 방향에 있어 ‘민족문화’의 증진보다 ‘문화적 다양성’의 증진이 보다 중요시된 것에 착목한다. 결론적으로, 본 연구는 영화 시장 개방 이후 가속화된 자본의 초국적화와 1990년대 영화자본의 유입이 촉발시킨 산업의 독과점화로 인해 ‘한국 영화’라는 범주뿐만 아니라, ‘다양성 영화’라는 정책 범주가 필요시되었음을 확인했다. 나아가 본 연구는 신자유주의 하에서 왜곡된 한국영화시장을 바로잡기 위해 다양성 영화 정책이 필요시되었으며, 이는 발전주의 국가에 이식된 신자유주의의 전형적인 전개 형태인 ‘정부 개입의 새로운 구조’ 의 일환임을 명확히 하였다.
Clinical outcomes are associated with changes in ultrasonographic structural appearance after platelet‐rich plasma treatment for knee osteoarthritis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Hyaluronic acid ( HA ) and platelet‐rich plasma ( PRP ) are two treatment options used for knee osteoarthritis ( KOA ) but studies comparing the efficacy of the two yield conflicting results. In addition, the association of clinical outcomes of PRP intra‐articular injections with changes in the ultrasonography structural appearance of the knee has not been investigated. Aim To compare the efficacy of PRP and HA intra‐articular injections as mono‐therapeutic options for primary KOA , and to determine whether the clinical outcomes are associated with changes in the ultrasonography structural appearance. Subjects and methods A randomized clinical trial was conducted on 89 patients with KOA . The patients were given either PRP ( n = 45) or HA ( n = 44) intra‐articular injections. The patients received three injections in the knee, which was more symptomatic at baseline evaluation, with a 2‐week interval between injections. The outcome measures included visual analog score – pain, International Knee Documentation Committee Score, and assessment of synovial hypertrophy, synovial vascularity and knee effusion using ultrasonography. Outcome measures were assessed at baseline and at 3 and 6 months post‐injection. Results While both PRP and HA injections resulted in the improvement of all outcome measures at 3 and 6 months follow up, they were significantly better in the PRP group than in the HA group. Conclusion Intra‐articular injection of PRP is an effective treatment that reduced pain and improved functional status in patients with KOA . The clinical outcomes of the intra‐articular injections of PRP are associated with improved synovial hypertrophy and vascularity scores, and less effusion.
CONSERVATIVE TREATMENT ALTERNATIVES TO REMOVE STAINS DUE TO DENTAL FLUOROSIS TYPE IV. IN VITRO STUDY

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Type IV dental fluorosis compromises the aesthetic and psychological expectations of patients. The main cause is excessive intake of fluoride during dental development. Conservative treatments for the removal of some pigmentations are microabrasion and combination with tooth whitening. There are new products on the market, such as Antivet®, which is proposed in this study for comparison with other treatments. Materials and methods: 12 dental organs were stored in 0.2% thymol at 37°C, which were divided into 4 groups. Group 1 (OP): (n=3) Opalustre®, group 2 (OP+PH): (n=3) treated with Opalustre® adding Whiteness HP Maxx 35%®, group 3 (ANT) (n=3): treated with Antivet® and group 4 (ANT+PH): (n=3) treated with Antivet® and Whiteness HP Maxx 35%®. Microabrasion was performed with Opalustre® for 60 seconds at 10 intervals for a total of 10 minutes of exposure. The abrasion with Antivet® was carried out for 10 minutes, at the end the neutralizing solution of the same treatment was placed for one minute. Whiteness HP Maxx 35%® was applied seven days after the treatments with Opalustre® and Antivet®, for 15 minutes, making 2 more applications for a total of 45 minutes of exposure. The specimens were taken to SEM/EDS (JEOL FE-SEM JSM-7800F) and color measurements were taken with VITA EasyShade V ® spectrophotometer. Statistical process control: The Kolmogórov-Smirnov test, analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed with a significance level of .05 in the statistical package IBM SPSS Statistics 23. Results: in the ANT group, SEM images show the loss of the aprismatic layer and an etched surface in which the periphery of the enamel prisms appeard removed. On the ANT+PH group an etched surface was observed around the enamel rods, slight erosion and porosity on the enamels surface. In the mineral content there was a statistically significant difference between the study groups of the minerals C, P, F and Ca (p < 0.05) For the color measurement, there was a statistically significant difference in the ΔE value between the OP group compared to the ANT group with a p-value of 0.031, being the highest value in ANT. Conclusion: The Antivet® treatment showed a more significant favorable color change in the L*, a*, and b* values, as well as an increase in the concentration of Ca and P.
Key sectors in the post-communist CEE economies: What does the transition data say?

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper is the first study dedicated to the extensive examination of the dynamics of key sectors in CEE transition economies based on an application of the WIOD — an extensive database recently launched under the patronage of European Commission, Research Directorate General.We propose a modified approach to key sector analysis which extends applicability of the traditional methodology to the case of examining groups of countries over a period of time. More formally, the research was based on the maximum entropy decomposition of the Leontief inverse applied to the input—output tables covering the period 1995–2011. The results allow formulating the list of sectors, which, more or less, have preserved the status of the key sectors in CEE transition economies. In turn some sectors, especially the manufacturing ones, have significantly derailed while the sector of construction as well as the financial sphere and travel and tourism related sectors, have clearly gained in importance.
Secondhand Smoke Exposure During Pregnancy and Mothers' Subsequent Breastfeeding Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Secondhand smoke exposure of non-smoking women during pregnancy is associated with a higher risk of adverse birth outcomes. However, the available evidence regarding the association between expectant mothers' secondhand smoke exposure and breastfeeding outcomes remains limited. This systematic review aimed to examine associations between secondhand smoke exposure of nonsmoking women during pregnancy with the initiation, prevalence, and duration or breastfeeding compared to women who were breastfeeding and had not been exposed to secondhand smoke. Women who smoked during pregnancy were excluded. We included case-control, cross-sectional, and cohort studies with a comparison control group. Medline CINAHL, and EMBASE were searched in January 2017. After screening 2777 records we included eight prospective cohort studies. The risk of bias assessment tool for non-randomized studies indicated a high risk of outcome assessment blinding. Meta-analysis of two studies established that the odds of discontinuation of any brestfeeding before six months were significantly increased in the secondhand smoke exposed women (pooled odds = 1.07 [95%CI = 1.01, 1.14], two studies, 1382 women). Therefore, secondhand smoke might be associated with discontinuing any breastfeeding before six months. More research is necessary to understand the association between secondhand smoke and the initiation, prevalence and duration of breastfeeding.
EXPOSITION OF SPONTANEOUS HUMOR IN DIGITAL ENVIRONMENT ESPECIALLY IN SOCIAL MEDIA AFTER SOCIAL EVENTS

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Humor, besides the fact that it is a funny, comic and extraordinary way to look to the social facts, its main character is criticism. Therefore it’s not a solo activity. Humor, not only lets us to look at the facts from another point of view, it also declines the pressure of the government and it enables the society’s perception to criticize the existing order and to protest it. Humor can be seen in various media channels (radio, TV, newspaper, magazine, social media etc.) not only in Turkish society, but also in the other societies too. According to German political scientist and philosopher Hannah Arendt, “The biggest enemy of the authority is disobedience and the sharpest way to agitate it is to laugh”. Therefore, can we assume that humor is a disobedience activity while it jeers with the authority? If it’s accepted as humor has an endless freedom area, then how the digital ambient creates a background for the social events which develops as a reflexion?
SH1537992.08FU

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.
DEMONSTRATIONS OF LACTOTROPHIC ACTIVITY OF HUMAN URINARY EXTRACTS IN RABBITS, RATS AND PIGEONS

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Journal Article DEMONSTRATIONS OF LACTOTROPHIC ACTIVITY OF HUMAN URINARY EXTRACTS IN RABBITS, RATS AND PIGEONS Get access Ilse v. Berswordt-Wallrabe, Ilse v. Berswordt-Wallrabe Universitäts-Frauenklinik, 34 Göttingen, Humboldtallee 3, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar D Flaskamp, D Flaskamp Universitäts-Frauenklinik, 34 Göttingen, Humboldtallee 3, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar K Jantzen K Jantzen Universitäts-Frauenklinik, 34 Göttingen, Humboldtallee 3, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Acta Endocrinologica (Norway), Volume 56, Issue 1_Supplement, Dec 1967, Page S126, https://doi.org/10.1530/acta.0.056S126 Published: 01 December 1967
Perceived Facilitators and Inhibitors of Work Performance in an Office Environment

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

A descriptive model is presented that identifies characteristics of office surroundings that senior managers believe facilitate and inhibit their work performance. The purposes of the study are twofold. First, to investigate the relative prominence of aspects of office surroundings that managers believe affect their task performance. Second, to determine whether there is a symmetrical relationship between variables inhibiting and those facilitating performance, in other words, whether inhibitors are the negative influence of facilitators. Data for the present study were obtained from a survey of 65 managers asked to name three inhibitory and three facilitative features of their offices. The results suggest that previous research has overemphasized some factors that are relatively unimportant from the viewpoint of office occupants and underemphasized others that do appear important. The lack of symmetry found in some variables influencing performance suggests a possible explanation for some weak relationships found in previous research.