jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Mapping where patients access primary care providers.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

ObjectivesTo gain an understanding of the attribution of patients to newly introduced Ontario Health Teams (OHT). OHTs are responsible for organizing and delivering health local care based on established connections between patients, their primary care providers, and hospitals. Furthermore, we aim to identify areas with poor geographic access to care. ApproachWe used GIS analyses and maps to depict the attribution of patients to OHTs based on their uptake of primary care and hospital referral patterns. Residents of a specific local area can be attributed to different OHTs based on their prevailing health seeking choices. This leads to a creation of non-unique OHT ‘capture zones’, which may pose challenges in primary health care planning and delivery. The range of spatial analyses and maps used in this study helps to overcome some of these limitations and provides healthcare administrators with important geographic layer of information not available through other data summary methods. ResultsThe distribution of patients and patterns of the primary care seeking vary greatly between urban, rural and remote areas. Many of the rural and remote OHTs have their patients clustered in areas surrounding the main hospital. These areas can be quite large geographically but their extents are still unique from other OHTs. OHTs in urban areas show substantial overlaps of their patient base. The urban patients are in most cases highly clustered around the main hospital location for hospitals providing primary and secondary care. The distribution of patients attributed to OHTs with hospitals providing tertiary care is quite spread out throughout the region or even the province. All these unique patterns reflect complex ways of primary care seeking behavior and referral patterns for hospital care. ConclusionThese attribution maps and data tables are an essential resource for planners and decisions makers in identifying priorities within the regional provision of primary care. This knowledge is essential to a better understanding of health care needs of local populations, and to implementing improvements in health care access.
[Application of mini-invasive osteosynthesis in the treatment of the fracture of the femoral diaphysis].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Experience of operative treatment of the diaphysis femoris fracture in 673 patients was presented. Majority of operations were performed in 6-24 hours after the trauma occurrence. In 517 observations generally accepted method of osteosynthesis, and in 156--miniinvasive one, were applied. Results of intervention in 1-4 years in 391 patients were studied. Good result in 87.5%, satisfactory--in 9.9%, poor--in 3.3% were noted. Authors recommend to conduct operative treatment of the diaphysis femoris fracture as early as possible. Miniinvasive osteosynthesis is the preferable method of osteosynthesis in injured persons with severe polytrauma, multicomminuted and segmental fracture.
Flow Field Analysis in a Ventilated Large Enclosure Subject to Non-Homogeneous Boundary Conditions

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Non-homogeneous thermal boundary conditions may play a relevant role in flow fields within ventilated enclosures. One such large-scale (23 m 3 ) test enclosure has been set in operation by termination jets under a combination of thermal unbalances in order to describe the dependence of secondary flow patterns on the bulk airflow. An integrated approach has therefore been attempted that features both measurements and calculations. An extensive and painstaking set of flow field measurements has been performed first, relative to different thermal and fluid dynamic working conditions, by means of a custom Laser Doppler Velocimetry apparatus. A commercial CFD software was then employed to perform the related calculations. A transitional regime is present (Re , 2000, based on grille diffuser equivalent diameter) at the given forcing inlet flow, as well as the competition between natural and forced convection. Some qualitative comparisons with respective experimental data are presented to delineate the role of thermal disturbances.
Participation in Catalyzing Social Innovations

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract—Our study investigates the use of a new open source platform in catalyzing social innovations and participation of its members over time. We empirically examined how the nature of project designs and social pressure affect contribution to the open source platform. In the twenty-one projects (3,998 contributions) from 2004 to 2009, we find that the average number of contributions is higher when the projects are highly visible, when the project is designed to require specific skills from participants, and when it requires outcome measurement from participants ’ proposals. Also, we verified that actors join collective action when they believe their contribution is meaningful and they would stop when they believe their contribution could be marginal. These results provide implications for open source platform design in the philanthropic sector.
The Effects of Physical Functions and Depression on Quality of Life According to Fall Prevention Exercise - Applying Otago Exercise Program with Music -

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

본 연구는 음악을 병행한 오타고 운동프로그램을 적용함으로써, 노인 장애인의 신체기능과 우울이 삶의 질에 미치는 영향을 알아보고 낙상예방 운동으로서 가치를 규명하고자 하였다. 본 연구는 2015년 3월 3일부터 6월 8일까지 G광역시 S구 건강생활지원센터와 N구 보건지소에 등록된 만성 노인 장애인 40명을 대상으로, 주 2회/40분씩, 12주간 총 24회를 실시하였다.BR 연구결과는 다음과 같았다. 첫째, 음악을 병행한 오타고 운동프로그램은 노인 장애인의 신체기능을 증진시켰고, 우울을 감소시켰으며, 삶의 질을 향상시켰다. 둘째, 변수 간의 상관관계는 하지근력이 높을 수록 유연성이 높았고, 보행속도가 빠르고 우울의 정도가 낮을수록 삶의 질이 높았다. 셋째, 노인 장애인의 삶의 질에 영향을 미치는 주요 요인은 우울이었다.BR 따라서 음악을 병행한 오타고 운동프로그램은 노인 장애인의 신체기능의 증진과 우울정도를 감소시킴으로써 삶의 질을 높였고, 낙상예방 운동으로서의 가치를 확인하였다.
Indications to chest radiograph in preoperative adult assessment: recommendations of the SIAARTI-SIRM commission

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

MINERVA ANESTESIOLOGICA 443 I 1998, the Italian Society of Anesthesia, Analgesia and Intensive Care (SIAARTI) published a document entitled “Recommendations for the anesthesiological assessment for elective diagnostic-therapeutical procedures”.1 Concerning preoperative chest radiographs the Authors concluded: “The decision whether to perform a chest radiograph before diagnostic and therapeutic procedures must be taken, case by case, by anesthesiologists on the basis of clinical indications that include, but are not limited to, the age of the patient, his or her clinical history, the presence of risk factors and the type of procedure”. Such document made no specific comments on the diffuse habit of performing routine chest X-ray on all patients. This prudence was dictated by the lack of reliable scientific proofs reported in the literature: that is, there were no randomized and controlled LINEE GUIDA SIAARTI
Strain‐Release‐Driven Friedel–Crafts Spirocyclization of Azabicyclo[1.1.0]butanes

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The identification of spiro N‐heterocycles as scaffolds that display structural novelty, three‐dimensionality, beneficial physicochemical properties, and enable the controlled spatial disposition of substituents has led to a surge of interest in utilizing these compounds in drug discovery programs. Herein, we report the strain‐release‐driven Friedel–Crafts spirocyclization of azabicyclo[1.1.0]butane‐tethered (hetero)aryls for the synthesis of a unique library of azetidine spiro‐tetralins. The reaction was discovered to proceed through an unexpected interrupted Friedel–Crafts mechanism, generating a highly complex azabicyclo[2.1.1]hexane scaffold. This dearomatized intermediate, formed exclusively as a single diastereomer, can be subsequently converted to the Friedel–Crafts product upon electrophilic activation of the tertiary amine, or trapped as a Diels–Alder adduct in one‐pot. The rapid assembly of molecular complexity demonstrated in these reactions highlights the potential of the strain‐release‐driven spirocyclization strategy to be utilized in the synthesis of medicinally relevant scaffolds.
Future Prospects of Immunotherapy in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Patients: Is There Hope in Other Immune Checkpoints Targeting Molecules?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Currently, one of the leading treatments for non-small-cell lung cancer is immunotherapy involving immune checkpoint inhibitors. These monoclonal antibodies restore the anti-tumour immune response altered by negative immune checkpoint interactions. The most commonly used immunotherapeutics in monotherapy are anti-PD-1 and anti-PD-L1 antibodies. The effectiveness of both groups of antibodies has been proven in many clinical trials, which have translated into positive immunotherapeutic registrations for cancer patients worldwide. These antibodies are generally well tolerated, and certain patients achieve durable responses. However, given the resistance of some patients to this form of therapy, along with its other drawbacks, such as adverse events, alternatives are constantly being sought. Specifically, new drugs targeting already known molecules are being tested, and new potential targets are being explored. The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the latest developments in this area.
Psychometric properties of the Birth Satisfaction Scale-Revised (BSS-R) for US mothers

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objective: The aims of this study were to continue the scale development process of the Birth Satisfaction Scale-Revised (BSS-R) by refining the scale to make it culturally relevant for US participants, examining the factor structure of the BSS-R, and describing the level of birth satisfaction in a sample of US mothers. Background: The Birth Satisfaction Scale (BSS) was developed in the UK to assess satisfaction of the childbearing women’s experiences of labour and its outcomes. One of the goals of the development of the BSS was to make comparisons across cultures. Methods: One hundred and eighty-one first-time US mothers participated in this study. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to examine a one-factor higher-order model containing three lower-order factors. The higher-order factor was hypothesised to be Experience of childbearing; the lower-order factors were hypothesised as Stress, Quality of Care and Women’s attributes. Results: The results of the higher-order factor model indicated good fit, χ2 = 37.72, p =.22; comparative fit index (CFI) =.99; root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) =.03; standardised root mean square residual (SRMR) =.04. Cronbach’s α indicated the subscales and total scale were reliable for the US sample (α ranged from.74 to.89). The BSS-R total score was 15.52 (SD = 8.35), and the stress, quality of care, and women’s attributes subscales were 7.15 (SD = 3.80), 4.61 (SD = 3.83) and 3.79 (SD = 2.26), respectively. Conclusion: The BSS-R can provide maternal health professionals and researchers with an instrument to quantify childbearing women’s birthing satisfaction, which in turn can assist in heightening the overall patient care experience.
Cultivating a Pedagogy of Care: Adaptations to Writing Instruction and Course Structure During the Evolving Pandemic and Beyond

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the importance of cultivating a pedagogy of care and strengthening community for all postsecondary courses, especially those employing the high-impact practice of teaching with writing. In this mixed methods study, we found that instructors of Writing Intensive courses at a Midwestern university (n = 79) made moderate changes to their overall course structure and writing assignments during the early stages of the pandemic (Spring 2020 through Spring 2021). Open-ended comments revealed instructors provided more instructional guidance with frequent low-stakes assignments, explicit directions, flexibility regarding how students achieved learning goals, and/or additional instructor feedback. A variety of resources informed these modifications, and resource use fluctuated throughout the pandemic. Instructors reported that most changes focused on cultivating a supportive and welcoming learning environment that continues to inform their post-pandemic instruction. Findings from this study highlight the importance of relationships and diverse sources of support for navigating current and future challenges in postsecondary instruction.
Impact of carotenoids on gut microbiome: Implications in human health and disease

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Carotenoids are the colored compounds that prominently occur in fruits, vegetables, flowers, algae, fungi, yeast, and marine organisms. The coloration of carotenoids is mainly due to varieties of conjugated double bonds, which act as a light-absorbing chromophores. β-Carotene, α-Carotene, Lycopene, Astaxanthin, Lutein, Zeaxanthin, β-Cryptoxanthin, α-Cryptoxanthin, γ-Carotene and Fucoxanthin are the common carotenoids of the human diet. This review aimed at providing scientific evidence supporting the benefits of nutritional carotenoid intake on gut microbiota modulation in different disease models. Carotenoids have some beneficial effects on human health, and it is due to the activity of pro-vitamin A and antioxidant function. Although mechanisms are under investigation, studies suggest that carotenoid intake may reduce the risk of cancer, cardiovascular disease, eye disease, haematological disease, immune stimulants, and improve cognitive function. Recent studies have shown that carotenoids can modulate gut microbiota composition associated with host health. The human gut harbors a complex community of over 100 trillion microbial cells, influencing human physiology, metabolism, nutrition, and immune function. The combination of extrinsic (lifestyle and medication) and intrinsic (host genetics, immune and metabolic regulations) factors shapes the gut microbiota. Diet is a crucial modifiable factor influencing gut microbiota composition, indicating the potential for therapeutic dietary strategies to manipulate microbial diversity, design, and stability.
Preparation of yeast flakes enriched with iron and vitamin B12 using a pulsed electric field technology

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract In this study pulsed electric field (PEF) was used to increase accumulation of iron and vitamin B 12 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells, which were then used to produce flakes. The yeast was enriched in two ways: only by adding iron salt (FeCl 3 ·6H 2 O) and vitamin B 12 to the culture medium and by additional application of PEF. Three trials of yeast flakes were prepared: C1 (control, not supplemented), C2—with B 12 and iron salt and not treated with PEF, and P—with B 12 and iron salt and treated with PEF (for 20 min at 10 μs pulse width, voltage of 1500 V, a number of pulses 1200 and field frequency 1 Hz). The use of PEF resulted in higher iron and vitamin B 12 accumulation, respectively, 2.5‐ and 1.4‐fold for the sample P compared to the sample C2. The potential bioavailability of iron from yeast flakes was 10.13% and vitamin B 12 –4.31%, and the quality of this product was rated good by a sensory panel.
Analisis Problematika Pembelajaran Online SDN 1 Kalirejo Kabupaten Malang Dalam Masa Pandemi Covid-19

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The Covid-19 pandemic has made all schools in Indonesia carry out online learning activities, including SDN 1 Kalirejo, Malang Regency. The implementation of online learning does not always run smoothly, but is accompanied by problems that appear one after another. The type of research used is qualitative research. The research technique used is in the form of observation, interviews, and documentation. Subjects in this study amounted to 7 people, including the principal and teachers in grades 1 to grade 6. The results obtained from this study are that problems occur in each class. Online learning problems arise because the implementation of online learning is still something new for all parties who are directly related to education. Online learning is carried out without prior socialization and simulation, but is directly applied in the field. This is what demands school principals, teachers, students, and parents to adapt to the online learning system. It is in this adaptation process that new problems that must be faced by principals, teachers, students, and parents emerge. The problems faced by each classroom teacher are also different.
An In vitro Study on the Postinfection Activities of Hydrated Lime and Lime Sulphur against Apple Scab (Venturia inaequalis)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract The activities of hydrated lime and lime sulphur to stop infections of apple scab ( Venturia inaequalis ) were evaluated at 20°C using an in vitro test system based on isolated cuticles and scab conidia. Treatments were applied 24 or 48 h after inoculation that is 16 or 40 h after a predicted infection period, respectively. Efficacy of the postinfection treatments was assessed 72 h after inoculation by counting living primary stromata, which fluoresced brightly green when stained with fluorescein diacetate (FDA). A suspension of hydrated lime (5 g/l) as well as lime sulphur (1.5%) applied 16 h after infection killed early infection structures and stopped further development. Lime sulphur reduced the percentage of penetration to below 10% even with treatments 40 h after infection. The activity of hydrated lime is due to its alkaline pH of 12.45. Suspensions of calcium carbonate (6.75 g/l) showed no effect on percentage of penetration. Up to pH 12.0 effects of potassium hydroxide solutions on vitality of germinated conidia and percentage of penetration were weak. Values of pH 12.4 or higher were necessary to kill germinated conidia of V. inaequalis and their primary penetration structures. At pH 12.4 activity of KOH was comparable with the effect of hydrated lime. It is argued that the high pH disrupts the spore membranes. This is supported by the fact that dead spores and germ tubes did not fluoresce with FDA, which requires integrity of the membranes. For an individual spore the disruption of the spore membrane is an all‐or‐nothing event.
Characterisation of Textile Embedded Electrodes for Use in a Neonatal Smart Mattress Electrocardiography System

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Heart rate monitoring is the predominant quantitative health indicator of a newborn in the delivery room. A rapid and accurate heart rate measurement is vital during the first minutes after birth. Clinical recommendations suggest that electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring should be widely adopted in the neonatal intensive care unit to reduce infant mortality and improve long term health outcomes in births that require intervention. Novel non-contact electrocardiogram sensors can reduce the time from birth to heart rate reading as well as providing unobtrusive and continuous monitoring during intervention. In this work we report the design and development of a solution to provide high resolution, real time electrocardiogram data to the clinicians within the delivery room using non-contact electric potential sensors embedded in a neonatal intensive care unit mattress. A real-time high-resolution electrocardiogram acquisition solution based on a low power embedded system was developed and textile embedded electrodes were fabricated and characterised. Proof of concept tests were carried out on simulated and human cardiac signals, producing electrocardiograms suitable for the calculation of heart rate having an accuracy within ±1 beat per minute using a test ECG signal, ECG recordings from a human volunteer with a correlation coefficient of ~ 87% proved accurate beat to beat morphology reproduction of the waveform without morphological alterations and a time from application to heart rate display below 6 s. This provides evidence that flexible non-contact textile-based electrodes can be embedded in wearable devices for assisting births through heart rate monitoring and serves as a proof of concept for a complete neonate electrocardiogram monitoring system.
An Empirical Evaluation of AI-Powered Non-Player Characters' Perceived Realism and Performance in Virtual Reality Environments

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) have significantly enhanced the realism and interactivity of non-player characters (NPCs) in virtual reality (VR), creating more engaging and believable user experiences. This paper evaluates AI-driven NPCs within a VR interrogation simulator, focusing on their perceived realism, usability, and system performance. The simulator features two AI-powered NPCs, a suspect, and a partner, using GPT-4 Turbo to engage participants in a scenario to determine the suspect's guilt or innocence. A user study with 18 participants assessed the system using the System Usability Scale (SUS), Game Experience Questionnaire (GEQ), and a Virtual Agent Believability Questionnaire, alongside latency measurements for speech-to-text (STT), text-to-speech (TTS), OpenAI GPT-4 Turbo, and overall (cycle) latency. Results showed an average cycle latency of 7 seconds, influenced by the increasing conversational context. Believability scored 6.67 out of 10, with high ratings in behavior, social relationships, and intelligence but moderate scores in emotion and personality. The system achieved a SUS score of 79.44, indicating good usability. These findings demonstrate the potential of large language models to improve NPC realism and interaction in VR while highlighting challenges in reducing system latency and enhancing emotional depth. This research contributes to the development of more sophisticated AI-driven NPCs, revealing the need for performance optimization to achieve increasingly immersive virtual experiences.
SFC and National Synthetic Fuels Policy

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Besieged by accusations such as mismanagement and malfeasance, the US Synthetic Fuels Corporation's (SFC) future is anything but secure. SFC set out to help stimulate a domestic synthetic fuels industry, a response to the energy problems of the 1970s. During its four year existence, the Corporation witnessed the resignation of many of its Board members and endured several corporate crises, while receiving vigorous attacks for its failure to operate efficiently and effectivley. Recent critics argue that the current energy situation precludes the need for SFC's $13.25 billion program; reduced oil prices and a world crude surplus have shifted concern from energy shortages to the enormous Federal budget deficit. Proponents argue that SFC's program would actually result in minimal budget outlays and that the long-term US national security and energy supply situation dictate the need for continued support. The controversy continues while SFC's Board sits dormant, without its four member quorum, unable to continue the roles of banker, insurance company and venture capital investor for which it was created. 2 tables.