jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Coordination in a Digital Platform Organization

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The value of a digital platform (DP) can only be achieved through the coordinated actions of participating sides. Therefore, the question of how platform owners can coordinate multiple side actions is central. By positioning platform sides as part of the DP organization rather than viewing DP as a market or technological architecture, we highlight the differences in platform sides and how these differences must be acknowledged and managed as they are a source of misalignment among platform sides. Given that DP owners do not possess formal power over the sides (they are free to join other DPs simultaneously), our study demonstrates how a DP owner, in addition to putting in place structures to enable or constrain certain actions of platform sides, must also influence their narrowing of possibilities of action toward achieving coordinated actions. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to offer a process model of digital platform coordination that explains digital platform coordination in terms of the contextual conditions (when platform sides could enact their agency), the mechanisms of the platform sides’ agency enactment and digital orienting (an expanded repertoire of actions in coordinating platform sides through technology), and the resultant outcome.
Introduction: Civilians, Lunacy and the First World War

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract Britain declared war against Germany on 4 August 1914. For the next four years military priorities over-rode those of civilians. The entire population faced hardships, but for people designated “pauper lunatics” in public asylums, life became very harsh. At the beginning of the war, the asylums were a story of good intentions gone awry, “vast warehouses for the chronically insane and demented,” the failed dreams of social reformers and psychiatrists. A substantial historiography exists on “shell shock”, the syndrome of mental disorder suffered by war-traumatised soldiers. By contrast, the historiography of First World War civilian asylums and their patients is meagre. This book tells the story of four asylums to the north of London at a time of national turmoil, when intense austerity, deprivation and competing priorities affected those within them.
[Splenic hydatid cyst].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The localization of hexacanth embryo at spleen level is quite rare, although, in frequency order, it is the third affected organ after liver and lung. The infestation of the spleen usually takes place by arterial route after the parasite has passed through the two other filters, hepatic and pulmonary. The retrograde venous route, which avoids the liver and lung, is also considered. The diagnosis of splenic echinococcosis is made with the clinical, epidemiological and laboratory findings. The treatment is surgical, consisting, most commonly, in splenectomy; the anastomoses of splenic hydatid cysts with the digestive tube are indicated only in those cases with peculiar evolutive forms; cystotomy, with removal of the content and drainage of the remnant cavity, surgery performed either on abdominal or lumbar route, is the method of choice in the suppurated cysts which fix, by adherences, the spleen to its lodge.
Basic Relational Model

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

A relation is a mathematical term for a two-dimensional table such as a collection of records (for example, see figure 2.14). It is characterised by rows and columns, each entry there being an attribute value. The reason for calling this a relation rather than a matrix lies in the lack of homogeneity in its entries — the entries are homogeneous in the columns but not in the rows. A relational database consists of such relations which can be stored on a physical device in a variety of ways.
Abstract 16722: L-2-Hydroxyglutarate Protects Against Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: L-2-hydroxyglutarate (L2HG) couples mitochondrial (Mito) and cytoplasmic energy metabolism in a model of cellular redox regulation. Under conditions of limited oxygen availability, mammalian cells generate L2HG to counteract the adverse effects of Mito reductive stress induced by hypoxia. L2HG is oxidized to α-ketoglutarate by L2HG dehydrogenase (L2HGDH) in a variety of mammalian tissues, including the heart. Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (MIRI) is a consequence of coronary vascular disease and vascular procedures. Mito oxidative stress plays a critical role in MIRI. Here we hypothesized that L2HG protects against MIRI. Methods and Results: We induced accumulation of L2HG by heterozygous (HET) and homozygous (KO) deletion of L2HGDH gene in mice. The hearts isolated from HET, KO, and wild-type (WT) littermate mice were subjected to 30 min global thermal ischemia followed by 60 min reperfusion. Cardiac function and energy metabolism were simultaneously measured using a Langendorff heart perfusion model and 31 P-NMR spectroscopy. We found that female HET and KO exhibited better recovery of cardiac function post-MIRI in consistent with better preservation of intracellular ATP and phosphocreatine (Table). Using HPLC, we measured compounds representative of cellular redox state (GSG, GSSG, NAD, NADH, NADP, NADPH, coenzyme A and ascorbate), cellular energy state (ATP, ADP, AMP, GTP, GDP, GMP, UTP, UDP, UMP, CTP, CDP, CMP, IMP, malonyl-CoA and acetyl-CoA), and nucleotide catabolism (adenosine, hypoxanthine, xanthine and inosine) in freeze-clamped hearts. We found that ratios of GSH/GSSG and ATP/ADP increased in HET and KO hearts (Table). Interestingly, the ratios of NADH/NAD and NADPH/NADP increased only in KO but not in HET hearts. Consistent with the increased ratio of ATP/AMP, hypoxanthine and xanthine decreased only in KO hearts but not in HET hearts (Table). Conclusion: The accumulation of L2HG in a genetic mouse model protects against MIRI though increasing cellular antioxidative capacity and preserving high energy phosphates. The underlying mechanism of these beneficial adaptive phenomena warrants further study. Targeting L2HG levels and L2HGDH expression may serve as new therapeutic strategies for MIRI protection.
Mechanical squeezing in a dissipative optomechanical system with an optical parametric amplifier

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We theoretically demonstrate that an especially tuned degenerate optical parametric amplifier (OPA) inside a cavity can lead to the momentum squeezing of a moving membrane in a dissipative optomechanical system. The momentum squeezing of the membrane depends on the parametric gain and the parametric phase of the OPA, the power of the external laser driving the cavity, and the temperature of the environment. The best achievable momentum squeezing is about 2.53 dB, which is limited by the OPA. Moreover, we show that the momentum squeezing of the membrane can be detected by directly measuring the cavity output field. In addition, we find that the mechanical squeezing can be enhanced to about 10.36 dB under the joint effect of the OPA and an input broadband squeezed vacuum field.
Sildenafil Therapy in Patients With Digital Burns and Raynaud’s Syndrome

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The Raynaud's phenomenon (RP) is characterized by an exaggerated vascular response to cold temperature or emotional stress causing temporary ischemia. It is more prevalent in the digits of the hands and feet, and when occurring in conjunction with a rheumatological condition, it is also termed Raynaud's syndrome, or secondary RP. Healing following a burn requires appropriate tissue perfusion to promote primary restoration of the skin, prevent further burn progression, and to promote skin graft take in wounds requiring autologous split skin grafting. The addition of vascular compromise caused by RP to a burn wound is therefore hypothesized to impair burn wound healing and worsen burn wound progression. The authors describe a 51-year-old female with digital burns on a background of scleroderma and Raynaud's syndrome successfully treated with oral sildenafil therapy and autologous split skin grafting. The case report further highlights the potential role for sildenafil therapy in wound healing and patients requiring autologous skin grafting or local skin flaps. In future cases, we plan to involve rheumatology services early in the course of the injury aiming to improve outcomes.
Multiphysics Computation for Resistive Random Access Memories With Different Metal Oxides

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

In this article, we use an in-house finite element method (FEM)-based parallel computing simulator to model multiphysics processes of resistive random access memories (RRAMs). These RRAMs are based on six different metal oxides, including TiO x , NiO x , HfO x , WO x , ZrO x , and TaO x . In a single RRAM cell, the resistance ratio, reset voltage, reset current, reset power, and temperature are numerically compared. In the RRAM array, the resistance ratio, the minimum feature size (FS) to avoid bit loss, temperature, and oxygen vacancy density are obtained and discussed. The advantages of the six metal oxides-based RRAMs are analyzed based on their physical parameters, including diffusivity, electrical conductivity, and thermal conductivity. Numerical results reveal that thermal crosstalk effects are more severe when the FSs decrease, even the inactive cell can be transferred from a low-resistance state (LRS) into a high-resistance state (HRS). A crossbar array with a diamond heat sink is proposed to suppress the thermal crosstalk effect.
Accuracy improvement of vibro-acoustic prediction for spacecraft equipment using gradient boosting decision tree

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Since the early days of spacecraft development, accurate and simple vibro-acoustic prediction of equipment on the spacecraft panels subjected to acoustic excitation has been conducted in order to mitigate the over-conservative environmental test conditions. The conventional prediction methods are based on numerical solution of equation of motion, such as FEM/BEM and SEA, the so-called deductive approach. However, in a spacecraft with complex structures, there are many structural and non-structural objects, such as wiring harnesses, connecting cables and electronic boards in the equipment, which are usually difficult to be modelled into these methods. These un-modeled objects are usually treated by uncertainty of models, which always results in overly conservative prediction. In order to mitigate this uncertainty caused by model limitation of deductive approach, this study proposes a more accurate and simple inductive approach for vibro-acoustic prediction using Gradient Boosting Decision Trees (GBDT), which is one of the machine learning algorithms based on measured data. In addition, in order to take into account the vibration modes of the structural panels and waveform trends of vibration response spectrum in the creation of the learning model, explanatory variables based on the design drawing information were added, and the concept of bidirectional recurrent neural networks (BRNN), which is used for predicting time histories waveforms, was incorporated. This approach was applied to the vibro-acoustic prediction using the measured data of the equipment on the spacecraft panels in the acoustic tests of 7 spacecrafts developed by JAXA, and the results showed that this approach can make a reasonable prediction with the uncertainty margin mitigated by about 2 to 4 dB compared with the conventional approach.
Innateness, evolution, and genetics of language.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Our goal in this article is to review a debate over the evolution of language and to suggest some keys to its resolution. We begin with a review of some of the theoretical and empirical evidence for the innateness of language that has caused renewed interest in the evolution of language. In a second section we review some prominent theories of the evolution of language, focusing on the controversy over whether language could have been adapted for some purpose. We argue that for evolutionary studies of language to advance, theorists must make more persuasive arguments for the purpose of language, and, furthermore, linguists must continue to develop a detailed theory of syntax. Finally, we suggest ways that behavioral and population genetics could help to inform studies of the evolution of language.
The Role of Substrate Topography and Stiffness on MSC Cells Functions: Key Material Properties for Biomimetic Bone Tissue Engineering

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The hypothesis of the present research is that by altering the substrate topography and/or stiffness to make it biomimetic, we can modulate cells behavior. Substrates with similar surface chemistry and varying stiffnesses and topographies were prepared. Bulk PCL and CNTs-reinforced PCL composites were manufactured by solvent casting method and electrospinning and further processed to obtain tunable moduli of elasticity in the range of few MPa. To ensure the same chemical profile for the substrates, a protein coating was added. Substrate topography and properties were investigated. Further on, the feedback of Wharton’s Jelly Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells to substrates characteristics was investigated. Solvent casting scaffolds displayed superior mechanical properties compared to the corresponding electrospun films. However, the biomimetic fibrous texture of the electrospun substrates induced improved feedback of the cells with respect to their viability and proliferation. Cells’ adhesion and differentiation was remarkably pronounced on solvent casting substrates compared to the electrospun substrates. Soft substates improved cells multiplication and migration, while stiff substrates induced differentiation into bone cells. Aspects related to the key factors and the ideal properties of substrates and microenvironments were clarified, aiming towards the deep understanding of the required optimum biomimetic features of biomaterials.
Implementation, Measurement, and Analysis of an Image-Based Virtual Environment Streaming Protocol for Wireless Mobile Devices

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Remote exploration of detailed virtual environments (VEs) on mobile devices with acceptable frame rates has become a challenging and interesting research topic. With recent advances in mobile computing devices with communication and multimedia capabilities, remote VE walk-through and real-time streaming for mobile devices have opened a new class of 3-D VE exploration-based applications such as virtual guides and malls, online gaming, training, and monitoring, just to name a few. Furthermore, emergency preparedness types of applications can benefit from mobile 3-D visualization systems to support emergency responders with critical information about the disaster area. The combination of sensor networks with VEs can provide a physical environment monitoring and measurement system with live information about the target environment that can be visualized in real time. The challenge lies in how to provide a rich and detailed 3-D VE on thin mobile devices that are known for their lack of proper resources to process large-scale 3-D geometric data. Our approach consists of moving the demanding geometry-rendering task to a dedicated remote rendering server that streams the rendering output to a client, leaving only the displaying and certain minor image-based rendering tasks to the local, less-powerful mobile hardware. In addition, wireless networks pose significant challenges to multimedia streaming due, for the most part, to the mobility-induced changes in bandwidth and errors in the wireless channel. In this paper, we focus on the implementation, measurement, and analysis of an image-based VE streaming strategy. We define a new approach to remote rendering and interactive visualization of 3-D VEs on thin mobile devices. To this end, we propose end-to-end streaming and rate control protocols, as well as buffering and scheduling mechanisms to support the requirements of bandwidth-demanding multimedia systems. The main purpose of our proposed rate control scheme is to achieve both high end-to-end throughput and low frame-rate fluctuation to adapt data traffic to the frequent changes of the bandwidth and error rate present in wireless networks. We discuss the design of our proposed solutions and report on their performance evaluation through an extensive set of simulation experiments.
Meningkatkan Kemampuan Memahami Bacaan Al-Quran melalui Penerapan Metode Mind MAP pada Siswa Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini Qur’an An-Najah Bogor Jawa Barat

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

PAUDQu An-Najah is an educational institution for pre-primary school children. This research aims to analyze improving the ability to understand reading using the mind map method in early childhood at PAUDQu An-Najah Bogor. The method used in this research is the Participatory Action Research (PAR) method, namely research that actively involves all relevant parties (Stakeholders) in reviewing ongoing actions (where their own experiences are the problem) in order to make changes and improvements to better direction. With characteristics, problem, solution, transformation, and model.. From the results of action research through the application of the mind map method, student learning outcomes increased from before and after applying the mind map method by 35.7 percent, so that in an effort to improve student understanding learning outcomes towards the ability to read the Qur'an, it is necessary to apply the mind map method in learning to read the Qur'an regularly and continuously
Global modelling of kiln drying, taking local variations in the timber stack into consideration

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Simuleringsmodeller som förutspår torkningsförloppet för en ensam virkesbit i ett givet klimat, har funnits tillgängliga under många år. Sådana modeller för lågtemperaturtorkning av furu och gran, används av torkskötare vid många sågverk i Sverige, Finland och Norge. Den ensamma simulerade virkesbiten representerar i dessa fall medelförloppet för hela torksatsen. Många fenomen som uppträder i en verklig kammartork, kan emellertid inte direkt studeras med sådana en-bits modeller. Typiska problem av detta slag är, i blåsriktningen varierande klimat vilket ger ojämn torkning, inverkan av fläktreversering, inverkan av lufthastigheten på ojämnhet i fuktkvot etc. Enligt skandinavisk praxis, är ströpaketet uppbyggt av virkesbitar med sågfallande längd, så att varannan bit är jämndragen med ströpaketets ena ände, och varannan bit är jämndragen med paketets andra ände.
Eating disorders and intrasexual competition: Testing an evolutionary hypothesis among young women

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Introduction Competing theories on the aetiology of eating disorders originate from a diverse set of disciplines. One such discipline is Evolutionary Psychology which assumes that the human mind has been shaped by natural and sexual selection. Most evolutionary theories on eating disorders limit themselves to the causation of anorexia nervosa only. The Sexual Competition Hypothesis (SCH), based on the Darwinian theory of sexual selection, provides an explanatory framework for the whole spectrum of eating disorders. It contends that intense female intrasexual competition (ISC) is the ultimate cause of eating disorders. The SCH explains the phenomenon of the pursuit of thinness as an adaptation to ISC in the modern environment. It argues that eating disorders are pathological phenomena that arise from the mismatch between the modern environment and the inherited female adaptations for ISC. Objectives To test predictions from a novel evolutionary hypothesis for eating disorders. Aims i) To examine the relationship between disordered eating behaviour (DEB) and ISC in a sample of female undergraduates. ii) To establish whether there is any relationship between DEB and Life History (LH) strategy. Methods A group of 206 female undergraduates were recruited. A structural equation model was constructed to analyse the data. Results ISC for mates was significantly associated with DEB, as predicted by the SCH. DEB was found to be predicted by fast LH strategy, which was only partially mediated by the SCH. Conclusions The results of this study are supportive of the SCH and justify research on a clinical sample.
Molecular Design of Neonicotinoids: Past, Present and Future

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction nAChR Agents before Imidacloprid Imidacloprid and the Subsequent Neonicotinoids A few Notes on our Optimisation Process Consideration of Neonicotinoid Products from Molecular Design Neonicotinoid Molecules for the Elucidation of nAChR Structure Neonicotinoids as Mammalian nAChR Agents Future Topics of Neonicotinoids References
The Accuracy of the Bible. By A. S. Yahuda. 9 × 6, pp. xxxvii + 226, ills. 73. London: W. Heinemann, 1934. 10s. 6d.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
Negotiating a Resolution to the Cyprus Problem: Is Potential European Union Membership a Blessing or a Curse?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract This article provides a game theoretic analysis of how the candidacy of Cyprus for European Union (EU) membership presents an important challenge for both the Union's eastern enlargement plans and current international efforts aimed at resolving the Cyprus problem. The conclusions indicate that the Cypriot conflict has entered a very delicate period in its protracted and troublesome history characterized by a deadlock game. Strong domestic and international factors have created the conditions for each side to follow a non-cooperative strategy aimed at unilateral victory rather than a compromise. In this regard, the EU's promise to the Greek Cypriots of membership in the Union, regardless of the settlement of the Cyprus problem, serves as a side payment that enforces non-cooperative strategy. Likewise, Turkey's overwhelming military superiority in the region and its unconditional support for the Turkish Cypriots strengthens the Turkish side's rigid position in the Cyprus negotiations. Under these circumstances, it is argued that an influential third party like the United States is needed to coordinate the efforts of the UN and EU to move the two parties away form a deadlock game. This effort requires a package approach to the issues surrounding the Cyprus problem, the island's membership in the EU, and EU-Turkey relations.
Influence of Frozen Storage and Phosphate Predips on Coating Adhesion in Breaded Fish Portions

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT The influence of freeze thaw‐cycles and the presence of phosphate on the adhesion of two commercially produced batterfry coatings to frozen fish portions were investigated. Prior to coating, one‐half of the samples were treated with a 10% sodium tripolyphosphate predip. After coating, the samples were pre‐fried and frozen. The storage conditions consisted of 1, 2 or 3 freeze‐thaw cycles during a three‐month period and storage at a constant temperature. Freeze‐thaw cycles resulted in moisture loss from the breading, but did not influence coating loss. The presence of phosphates did not influence adhesion of batter fry coating. The type of batter (Tempura and Batter Fry) did not influence coating adhesion.