jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Implementation of The Concept of Fairness of One Roof- Polygamous Family in The Perspective of Imam Syafi’i

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Polygamy is legal in Islam, but the husband must be able to treat all his wives fairly. Husbands must only be fair in living (food, clothing, and housing) and time division. If all the husband's wives agree, then Islamic law makes it possible to gather all his wives in one place. This article investigates case fairness in three polygamous families living under one roof in Jrengik Sampang. This article aims to discover how polygamy practitioners perceive justice and how it is applied in one-roof polygamous families using the concept of Imam Shafii's fairness. This research is empirical with a qualitative approach. Primary data sources are interviews with informants. secondary data. Sources are books and journals on the justice of polygamy, according to Imam Shafii. This article used data editing, classification, verification, analysis, and field conclusions. Based on the findings of this article, practitioners of polygamous marriages view justice in polygamous families as a necessity and generalize everything outwardly to all wives without exaggerating. The implementation of justice in one-roof Polygamous families in Jrengik District has been going well in their respective ways.
The Self-Concept, Family Functioning, Psychological and Emotional Symptoms, in Children and Adolescents with Neurofibromatosis Type 1

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aim: This study aimed to examine the self-concept and related psychological factors in children and adolescents with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). Material and Methods: A total of 71 participants (35 patients and 36 controls) were included in this study. As measurement tools the Piers-Harris children’s self-concept scale (PHSCS), family assessment device (FAD), Turgay DSM-IV-based screening and rating scale for disruptive behavior disorders (T-DSM-IV-S), children's depression inventory (CDI), Beck depression inventory (BDI), state-trait anxiety inventory (STAI), children’s sleep habits questionnaire (CSHQ), and autism spectrum quotient-adolescent (AQ-adolescent) were used. Results: NF1 patients had lower intellectual functioning/academic achievement (p=0.002) and popularity/social appreciation (p
Applicability of measurement-based quantum computation towards physically-driven variational quantum eigensolver

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Variational quantum algorithms are considered one of the most promising methods for obtaining near-term quantum advantages; however, most of these algorithms are only expressed in the conventional quantum circuit scheme. The roadblock to developing quantum algorithms with the measurement-based quantum computation (MBQC) scheme is resource cost. Recently, we discovered that the realization of multi-qubit rotation operations only requires a constant number of single-qubit measurements with the MBQC scheme, providing a potential advantage in terms of resource cost. The structure of the Hamiltonian variational ansatz aligns well with this characteristic. Thus, we propose an efficient measurement-based quantum algorithm for quantum many-body system simulation tasks, called measurement-based Hamiltonian variational ansatz (MBHVA). We then demonstrate its effectiveness, efficiency, and advantages with the two-dimensional Heisenberg model and the Fermi–Hubbard chain. Numerical experiments show that MBHVA can have similar performance as circuit-based ansatz, and is expected to reduce operation counts during execution compared to quantum circuits, bringing the advantage of running time. We conclude that the MBQC scheme is potentially feasible for achieving near-term quantum advantages in the noisy intermediate-scale quantum era, especially in the presence of large multi-qubit rotation operations.
Biophysical and nutritional combination treatment for myosteatosis in patients with sarcopenia: a study protocol for single-blinded randomised controlled trial

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction Sarcopenia is characterised by age-related loss of skeletal muscle and function and is associated with risks of adverse outcomes. The prevalence of sarcopenia increases due to ageing population and effective interventions is in need. Previous studies showed that β-hydroxy β-methylbutyrate (HMB) supplement and vibration treatment (VT) enhanced muscle quality, while the coapplication of the two interventions had further improved muscle mass and function in sarcopenic mice model. This study aims to investigate the efficacy of this combination treatment in combating sarcopenia in older people. The findings of this study will demonstrate the effect of combination treatment as an alternative for managing sarcopenia. Methods and analysis In this single-blinded randomised controlled trial, subjects will be screened based on the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) 2019 definition. 200 subjects who are aged 65 or above and identified sarcopenic according to the AWGS algorithm will be recruited. They will be randomised to one of the following four groups: (1) Control+ONS; (2) HMB+ONS; (3) VT+ONS and (4) HMB+VT + ONS, where ONS stands for oral nutritional supplement. ONS will be taken in the form of protein formular once/day; HMB supplements will be 3 g/day; VT (35 Hz, 0.3 g, where g=gravitational acceleration) will be received for 20 mins/day and at least 3 days/week. The primary outcome assessments are muscle strength and function. Subjects will be assessed at baseline, 3-month and 6-month post treatment. Ethics and dissemination This study was approved by Joint CUHK-NTEC (The Chinese University of Hong Kong and New Territories East Cluster) Clinical Research Management Office (Ref: CRE-2022.223-T) and conformed to the Declaration of Helsinki. Trial results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and disseminated at academic conferences. Trial registration number NCT05525039 .
Evolutionary perspectives on the mechanistic underpinnings of personality

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Evolutionary theory is the organizing framework for the life sciences because of its unique value in deriving falsifiable predictions about the causal structure of organisms. This paper outlines the relationships of evolutionary principles to the study of phenotypic variation and defines two distinct paradigms for personality science. The first of these, dimensional cost-benefit analysis (DCBA), entails analyzing the reproductive cost-benefit tradeoffs along inductively derived personality dimensions (e.g., the big five) to derive predictions regarding adaptively-patterned variation in manifest trait levels. The second paradigm, ground-up adaptationism (GUA), requires building models of specific psychological mechanisms, from the ground-up, including their variable parameters that result in manifest behavioral variation. After evaluating the strengths and limitations of these paradigms, it is concluded that (1) inductively derived dimensions of person description should not serve as the field’s explanatory targets; (2) GUA represents the most powerful available framework for elucidating the psychological mechanisms which comprise human nature and produce its diverse range of behavioral variants; and (3) the goals of adaptationist evolutionary psychology are the same as those guiding personality psychology’s next era: to identify the mechanisms that comprise the mind, figure out how they work, and determine how they generate behavioral variation.
Sources of Innovation: The Case of Portuguese Consultancy Sector

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This study addresses the effects of external environments on types of innovation introduced by Portuguese consultancy firms (PCs) in computer, technical, and management areas. It distinguishes the most determinant factors for innovation regarding product, process, organization, and marketing. The assessment framework followed three steps: 1) evaluation of propensity to use external sources of information and cooperation with agents, 2) identification of factors used most often during innovation, and 3) derivation of profiles of firms under study. The method generated tree-based classification models that segmented the sample into innovative and non-innovative firms, and distinct profiles that emphasized specificities concerning use of external sources and agents for innovation.
Unusual Spectroscopic and Electric Field Sensitivity of Chromophores with Short Hydrogen Bonds: GFP and PYP as Model Systems

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Short hydrogen bonds, with heavy-atom distances less than 2.7 Å, are believed to exhibit proton delocalization, and their possible role in catalysis has been widely debated. While spectroscopic and/or structural methods are usually employed to study the degree of proton delocalization, ambiguities still arise, and no direct information on the corresponding potential energy surface is obtained. Here, we apply an external electric field to perturb the short hydrogen bond(s) within a collection of green fluorescent protein S65T/H148D variants and photoactive yellow protein mutants, where the chromophore participates in the short hydrogen bond(s) and serves as an optical probe of the proton position. As the proton is charged, its position may shift in response to the external electric field, and the chromophore's electronic absorption can thus reflect the ease of proton transfer. The results suggest that low-barrier hydrogen bonds (LBHBs) are not present within these proteins even when proton affinities between donor and acceptor are closely matched. Exploiting the chromophores as precalibrated electrostatic probes, the covalency of short hydrogen bonds as a nonelectrostatic component is also revealed. A theoretical framework is developed to address a possible contribution of unusually large polarizabilities of short hydrogen bonds due to proton delocalization, but no clear evidence for this phenomenon is found in accordance with the absence of LBHBs.
Cross-layer design and optimization of medium access control protocols for wlans

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This thesis provides a contribution to the field of Medium Access Control (MAC) layer protocol design for wireless networks by proposing and evaluating mechanisms that enhance different aspects of the network performance. These enhancements are achieved through the exchange of information between different layers of the traditional protocol stack, a concept known as Cross-Layer (CL) design. The main thesis contributions are divided into two parts. The first part of the thesis introduces a novel MAC layer protocol named Distributed Queuing Collision Avoidance (DQCA). DQCA behaves as a reservation scheme that ensures collision-free data transmissions at the majority of the time and switches automatically to an Aloha-like random access mechanism when the traffic load is low. DQCA can be enriched by more advanced scheduling algorithms based on a CL dialogue between the MAC and other protocol layers, to provide higher throughput and Quality of Service (QoS) guarantees. The second part of the thesis explores a different challenge in MAC layer design, related to the ability of multiple antenna systems to offer point-to-multipoint communications. Some modifications to the recently approved IEEE 802.11n standard are proposed in order to handle simultaneous multiuser downlink transmissions. A number of multiuser MAC schemes that handle channel access and scheduling issues and provide mechanisms for feedback acquisition have been presented and evaluated. The obtained performance enhancements have been demonstrated with the help of both theoretical analysis and simulation obtained results.
Determining the Optimal Configuration of Highway Routes for Real-Time Traffic Information: A Case Study

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper deals with a case study where the objective is to identify the optimal subset of routes for real-time traveler information in a highway network. It is assumed that the benefit of providing this information is directly related to the uncertainty of route travel times. The variance of travel times within a time period over consecutive days is employed as the indicator of this uncertainty. The New Jersey Turnpike is used as the study network due to the availability of vehicle-by-vehicle network-specific data. The data set covers travel times between ~ 630 origin-destination (OD) pairs during 2004. The problem of identifying the optimal number of subset of routes is modeled as a nonlinear integer-programming problem. The proposed model is then solved using the Network-Enabled Optimization Software server, which is a common optimization solver that is available over the Internet. A simple heuristic for the proposed model is also presented.
The neuropeptides in the acoustic cortex. I. Substance P.

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Peptides are the most recently studied chemical category of neurotransmitters. Most of them are found located in special diencephalic neurons and in some cortical areas serving as transmitters for specific synaptic junctions. In the human acoustic cortex we tried to identify substance P which may participate in the synaptic transmission at the various morphological types of synapses.
Scattering amplitudes in YM and GR as minimal model brackets and their recursive characterization

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Attached to both Yang-Mills and General Relativity about Minkowski spacetime are distinguished gauge independent objects known as the on-shell tree scattering amplitudes. We reinterpret and rigorously construct them as $L_\infty$ minimal model brackets. This is based on formulating YM and GR as differential graded Lie algebras. Their minimal model brackets are then given by a sum of trivalent (cubic) Feynman tree graphs. The amplitudes are gauge independent when all internal lines are off-shell, not merely up to $L_\infty$ isomorphism, and we include a homological algebra proof of this fact. Using the homological perturbation lemma, we construct homotopies (propagators) that are optimal in bringing out the factorization of the residues of the amplitudes. Using a variant of Hartogs extension for singular varieties, we give a rigorous account of a recursive characterization of the amplitudes via their residues independent of their original definition in terms of Feynman graphs (this does neither involve so-called BCFW shifts nor conditions at infinity under such shifts). Roughly, the amplitude with $N$ legs is the unique section of a sheaf on a variety of $N$ complex momenta whose residues along a finite list of irreducible codimension one subvarieties (prime divisors) factor into amplitudes with less than $N$ legs. The sheaf is a direct sum of rank one sheaves labeled by helicity signs. To emphasize that amplitudes are robust objects, we give a succinct list of properties that suffice for a dgLa so as to produce the YM and GR amplitudes respectively.
Pharmaceutical Analysis from Start to Finish by Raman Spectroscopy

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

During the past decade Raman spectroscopy has become a widely used analytical tool in the laboratory, process environment and on‐line. This is largely due to the fact that virtually every chemical produces a unique Raman signature, sample preparation is generally not required, and analyses can be performed in 1 minute or less. This presentation will describe the value of fluorescent free and x‐axis stable Raman spectra in confirming the identity of raw materials, tracking reaction kinetics during drug discovery and product synthesis, monitoring and controlling batch and continuous feed reactors, and determining product properties using chemometrics.
Effect of the Material Properties and Knee Position to the Bone Bruise Pattern in Skeletally Mature and Immature Subjects

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract A bone bruise is generated by a bony collision that could occur when the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is injured, and its pattern reflects the injury mechanism and skeletal maturity. Thus, the bone bruise pattern is useful to predict a subject-specific injury mechanism, although the sensitivity and/or effect of the material property and the knee position at injury is still unclear. The objective of the present study was to determine the effect of the material property and knee position on the bone bruise pattern in skeletally mature and immature subjects using finite element analysis. Finite element models were created from a magnetic resonance (MR) image in the sagittal plane of a skeletally mature (25 y. o.) and immature (9 y. o.) male subject. The femur and tibia were collided at 2 m/s to simulate the impact trauma and determine the maximum principal stress. The analysis was performed at 15, 30, and 45 deg of knee flexion, and neutral, 10 mm anterior and posterior translated position at each knee flexion angle. Although high stress was distributed toward the metaphysis area in the mature model, the stress did not cross the growth plate in the immature model. The size of the stress area was larger in the mature model than those in the immature model. The location of the stress area changed depending on the joint position. Young's modulus of cartilage and trabecular bone also affected the location of the stress area. The Young's modulus for the cartilage affected peak stress during impact, while the size of the stress area had almost no change. These results indicate that the bone bruise pattern is strongly associated with subject-specific parameters. In addition, the bone bruise pattern was affected not only by knee position but also by tissue qualities. In conclusion, although the bone bruise distribution was generally called footprint of the injury, the combined evaluation of the quality of the structure and the bone bruise distribution is necessary for properly diagnosing tissue injury based on the MR imaging.
The intracellular antibody capture technology (IACT): Towards a consensus sequence for intracellular antibodies

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

We describe the application of an intracellular antibody capture technology (IACT) as a generic in vivo selection procedure for isolating intracellular antibodies or ICAbs. IACT was applied to the de novo selection of functional ICAbs against the microtubule-associated protein TAU, found in neurofibrillary lesions of Alzheimer's disease brains. A panel of 17 different ICAbs was created which bind TAU inside cells and the epitopes recognized by the selected ICAbs have been determined by an in vivo epitope mapping procedure. Finally, sequence analysis showed that the IACT-derived ICAbs are characterized by a common signature of conserved amino acid residues, suggesting that the IACT naturally selects a sort of "captured consensus sequence" for intracellular antibodies. The development of IACT, together with the possibility of scaling up in a high throughput and automated format, makes IACT a new enabling tool for target validation in functional genomics and global proteomics.
Discourse: Trudi Schoop and Vaslav Nijinsky, and dance as healer

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Conceived as an entrée to discourse, this paper explores the phenomenon of dance as healer, to evoke rather than to answer questions. The intention has been to examine dance in its capacity of healer, scrutinising it in the absence of a formal intermediary intervention such as dance/movement therapy or other somatic models. The early lives of two former luminaries of the dance world are profiled: the first, Trudi Schoop, famed comic mime and early pioneer in dance/movement therapy; the other, Vaslav Nijinsky, renowned dancer and choreographer in the world of ballet. Disparate heritages and life circumstances carried them along radically divergent paths, although both struggled to overcome serious psychiatric issues. Schoop overcame her difficulties vis-à-vis obsessive-compulsive behaviours; Nijinsky's accumulated problems led, ultimately, to chronic schizophrenia. They shared, in common, an overriding passion for and commitment to dance. The discourse focuses on the role of dance, as healer, in their existential journeys.
A Study of Hitomaro's expression of "Tamadasuki(Jade shoulder belt)" & the magical meaning - Focusing on the phrase ‘Ramie thread’ & ‘Mitegura cloth’ -

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

본고에서는 가키노모토노 히토마로(人麻呂)의 ‘옥 어깨띠’(玉だすき)의 ‘진혼’(魂振り)과 주술적 의미의 실체에 대하여 고찰해보고자 한 것이다. 실제로 히토마로의 ‘옥 어깨띠’는 ‘저포’(木綿)의 성분을 띤 것으로 ‘저포 조화’(木綿花乃, ◎199), ‘염색한 삼베’(染木綿, ★2496), ‘저포 어깨띠’(木綿手次, 420)와 같은 ‘미테구라’(幣帛, 1403)를 말한다. 이는 곧 ‘저포’(木綿)나 ‘삼베’(麻)으로 된 ‘누사’(幣)를 걸치고 신성한 신에게 제사 지내는 주술적 성격을 가지는 초혼의 도구이기도 한 것이다. 한편, 히토마로의 필적과 유사한 니후왕의 방카(挽歌, 420)에서도 ‘일곱 마디 골풀’(七相菅)과 ‘칠지도’의 칠(七)로 연상되는 도교의 주술문화의 전래과정을 유추해 볼 수 있겠다. 더구나, 히토마로의 ‘옥 어깨띠’와 관련한 ‘후리사케미루’(振放見, 199)와 ‘소데후루’(袖曾振, 207)의 지명 관련 노래에서는 유독 이소노카미 신궁의 ‘후루’와 연계되어(★2417) 읊어지고 있다는 점을 감안해보면, 이는 곧 진혼과 초혼에 쓰이는 ‘직물’(布帛)’로 신이 빙의하는 주술 도구라는 사실을 알 수 있다. 또한, 히토마로의 ‘어깨띠’의 원류인 ‘히레’(天領巾,◎210․白栲天領巾,◎213, 細比礼乃☆1694)의 표현에는, 칠석전설에서 베 짜는 여신(직녀)과의 交信에서 유래된 주술 종교적 실체이자 신궁에 바쳐지는 공물로, ‘후루’(振)와 ‘하라에’(祓) 의식 때 사용하는 불제의 주구적 성격을 나타낸 실증적 자료라는 것을 논증할 수 있었다. 마지막으로, 히토마로의 ‘어깨띠’ 표현과 관련하여 일찍이 漢나라 詩賦에서도 무속에 의한 스토리 전개를 볼 수 있겠다. 이는 곧, 魏晋시대에 강남지역의 옛 샤머니즘을 기반으로 한 3세기경 도교의 주술적 신앙형태와 일맥상통한 풍습을 나타낸 것으로 동일한 종교형태가 신라와 특히 백제 선인들에 의해 일본으로 전래 된 루트를 유추해 볼 수 있을 것이다.
The Aging, Degradation, and Conservation of Historic Materials Made from Cellulosic Fibers

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Cotton and flax fibers, although different in fiber morphology, have somewhat similar physical and mechanical properties. Their aging properties and degradation profiles can be studied through the chemistry of cellulose. The factors that degrade these cellulosic substrates can be environmental, resulting from oxidation, hydrolysis, thermolysis or pyrolysis, gaseous exposure, microbial attack, and physical stress that can cause disruptions in macrofibrillar structure to impact on mechanical stress and strain. Various modes of attack that advance the progression of aging in cellulosic fibers are examined for relevance to changes in fiber morphology and chemical behavior. Reference is drawn to aging studies to elucidate degradation mechanisms and to derive kinetic data that can have value for predicting the future effects of treatments.
Fixed Abrasive Pad with Self-conditioning in CMP Process

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Chemical mechanical polishing(CMP) process is essential technology to be applied to manufacturing the dielectric layer and metal line in semiconductor devices. It has been known that overpolishing in CMP depends on pattern selectivity as a function of density and pitch, and use of fixed abrasive pad(FAP) is one method which can improve the pattern selectivity. Thus, dishing & erosion defects can be reduced. This paper introduces the manufacturing technique of FAP using hydrophilic polymers with swelling characteristic in water and explains the self-conditioning phenomenon. When applied to tungsten blanket wafers, the FAP resulted in appropriate performance in point of uniformity, material selectivity and roughness. Especially, reduced dishing and erosion was observed in CMP of tungsten pattern wafer with the proposed FAP.