jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Effects of wind-induced advection on sea surface temperature

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Wind-induced advection is one of the mechanisms through which conditions in the surface layer of the ocean can be affected by atmospheric fluctuations. An attempt was made to assess the relative importance of this mechanism in the northeast portion of the Pacific Ocean for two periods, fall 1957 and winter 1957–1958. Sea conditions were represented by sea surface temperatures averaged over the middle 10 days of each month and by anomalies of these 10-day means from long-term monthly normals. Anomalous sea temperature advection was determined by using surface water displacements computed solely from monthly mean geostrophic wind anomalies. Observed sea temperature anomaly changes within each of the two seasons were then compared with the computed advective sea temperature anomalies. Good agreement was found for the winter period and poor agreement for the fall period. The results for the winter period (but not for the fall period) showed a stronger correlation between computed advective and observed sea temperature anomalies than was found earlier by Namias for the same two cases. The principal modification to Namias's procedure which was made in the present study involved an attempt to take into account the initial state. It was concluded that advection may have had a dominant effect on sea surface temperature in the winter case, but was subordinate to other processes during the fall case.
An Institutional Alchemy: India's Two Parliaments in Comparative Context

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

India has a parliamentary system. But articled in India’s Constitution is a provision that authorizes the President to occasionally enact legislation without involving Parliament. Such presidential legislation are called ordinances, not Acts; and rather than enact, the President promulgates them. Textually, ordinances are bounded by several ‘controls’. They are limited to circumstances when at least one House of Parliament is not in session, and the President is satisfied that the circumstances are such that immediate action is necessary. And without such formal parliamentary approval after a specified duration, they cease to exist. But after sixty years of constitutional practice these controls are redundant; aggressive political conduct and forgiving judicial interpretations made them so. What was exceptional and temporary is now ‘normal’ and ‘permanent’. As a result, India effectively has two ‘Parliaments’ – the President, formally speaking, is like a parallel Parliament. This article explains how this second – or, alternative – Parliament came about, and its implications for India’s more traditional Parliament. The article locates its central claims within a larger body of comparative law scholarship on presidential systems and executive lawmaking, arguing that the powers of India’s President (in acting through the Council of Ministers) has powers that rival the strongest presidencies globally. * Shubhankar Dam, Assistant Professor of Law, Singapore Management University School of Law.
A Cross-Cultural Introduction to Bioethics Teacher Resources and Notes

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This teacher’s guide is available for use to accompany the textbook, which is available in both hard copy or as a soft copy to download from the Internet. It includes academic references, further reading, Internet sites and other information that may supplement the textbook. The order of the teacher guide chapters follows the same order as in the textbook. This file will be regularly updated. This pre-draft version is being developed to include materials for all chapters dated 26 November, 2005. Please refer to the textbook for the authors and explanation of the feedback forms that are requested.
Use of Antibacterials in The Patients from The Department of Respiratory Medicine in Tianmen Municipal First People's Hospital

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the antibacterial use in the patients from the department of respiratory medicine of our hospital in order to promote clinical rational administration of antibacterials.METHODS: In this retrospective study,a total of 542 patients who used antibacterial drugs from July to December in 2010 were analyzed statistically with regard to the etiological test,the types of antibacterials used,the DDDs,DUI(drug utilization index),combined use and irrational use of antibacterials.RESULTS: A total of 7 types of antibacterials involving 15 kinds were used in 94.3%(542/575) of the inpatients reviewed;combined use of antibiotics was noted in 26.9%(146/542);etiological test was performed in 91.7%(497/542) with positive rate of 14.9%(74/497).Mezlocillin,cefoperazone /sulbactam sodium and levofloxacin ranked among the top 3 in DDDs.CONCLUSION: The use of antibacterials in the inpatients from the department of respiratory medicine of our hospital was basically rational yet there are still some problems.The rational antibiotic use level remains to be further improved.
Chromatin reorganization, signaling responses and non-coding RNA regulators in homeostasis and senescence

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

In mammalian cells, a relatively limited fraction of genetic information is utilized in a variety of ways to give rise to distinct cellular phenotypes. Thus, the genotype essentially acts as input for multilayered regulatory networks, which coordinate cellular activities and ultimately shape cell identity and function. Early studies, focusing on individual components of such regulatory networks, have unraveled core principles of cellular functions. Therein, individual, or small groups of genes are regulated by a defined set of locally acting factors. The idea of such individual regulatory units persists, despite new experimental and computational evidence pointing to extensively intertwined “pan-genomic” regulatory networks. In such emerging models, intricate cellular traits originate from numerous interactions, and the mutual dependences between distinct regulatory units are further governed by such factors as 3D chromatin architecture, non-coding RNA, and even regulatory crosstalk between cells. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms of accurate spatiotemporal regulation of gene expression requires not only elucidating the roles of individual factors at local nodes, but also their contribution to a collective pan-genomic network. \nIn light of such a view, I combined genomics and functional studies in primary human cells to study the regulatory modes of three diverse molecular factors in the context of cellular homeostasis. In Chapter 1, I examine the contribution of active RNA polymerase II (RNA Pol II) in the intricate process of setting up chromatin organization following exit from mitosis. In Chapter 2, I examine the role of HMGB1 as an architectural and RNA-binding factor mediating key events in cells exiting homeostatic cell cycle progression to enter replicative senescence. In Chapter 3, I explore the regulatory potential of two circRNAs, circCAMSAP1 and circRAB3IP, in navigate regulation of cell cycle progression and inflammation in human cells. Taken together, these three layers of genomic regulation – via RNA Pol II transcription, a dual-function transcription factor, and a pair of circular non-coding RNAs – exemplify the idea of multi-layered regulation of pan-genomic networks inside human cells.
Entrepreneurial Thinking as a Key Factor of Family Business Success

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Many entrepreneurs are really visionary game changers who believe both in their missions and values. These types of entrepreneurs use their mindsets and essential entrepreneurial thinking to build successful family businesses. The aim of this paper is to describe this special mindset, which manifests itself in entrepreneurial thinking, and offer a solution to help successors in family businesses to refresh and improve the core businesses given to them. Design thinking might be used as a method for helping successors to recognize new business opportunities and refresh the core business, creating new visions and values. This paper is divided into the following sections: introduction, the creation and definition of entrepreneur missions and values. A short description of the entrepreneurial thinking is in the third part. Part four focuses on the problem of succession in family businesses. In part five, the reason why the design thinking might be the right tool to help solve this problem is explained. Finally, a conclusion is offered.
Perennial Microstegium vimineum (Poaceae): An Apparent Misidentification?

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

MEHRHOFF, L. J. (George Safford Torrey Herbarium, Box U-43, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 062693043). Perennial Microstegium vimineum (Poaceae): An Apparent Misidentification? J. Torrey Bot. Soc. 127: 251-254. 2000. Microstegium vimineum (Trin.) A. Camas (Poaceae) is an aggressive non-native annual from Japan that was first reported in North America in 1919. It is now invasive throughout its range in eastern North America. A perennial form of M. vimineum was recently reported. The identification of these perennial individuals is questioned. It seems likely that individuals of the putatively perennial M. vimineum are really native Leersia virginica. Similarities and differences in morphology, habitat and phenology between the annual M. vimineum, the putatively perennial form and L. virginica are discussed. Comments on the spread and dispersal of M. vimineum are included. The importance of voucher specimens in botanical research is stressed.
A new chiral stationary phase based on noscapine: Synthesis, enantioseparation, and docking study

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Noscapine is an isolated compound from the opium poppy, with distinctive chiral structure and chemistry, interacts with other compounds due to having multiple π‐acceptors, hydrogen bond acceptors, and ionic sites. Therefore, it has promising applicability for the enantioselective separation of a wide range of polar, acidic, basic, and neutral compounds. A new noscapine derivative chiral stationary phase (ND‐CSP) has been synthesized by consecutive N ‐demethylation, reduction, and N ‐propargylation of noscapine followed by attachment of a solid epoxy‐functionalized silica bed through the 1,3‐dipolar Huisgen cycloaddition. The noscapine derivative‐based stationary phase provides a considerable surface coverage, which is greater than some commercial CSPs and can validate better enantioresolution performance. The major advantages inherent to this chiral selector are stability, reproducibility after more than 200 tests, and substantial loading capacity. The characterization by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and elemental analysis indicated successful functionalization of the silica surface. Chromatographic method conditions like flow rate and mobile phase composition for enantioseparation of various compounds such as warfarin, propranolol, mandelic acid, and a sulfanilamide derivative were optimized. Comparing the experimental results with docking data revealed a clear correlation between the calculated binding energy of ND‐CSP and each enantiomer with the resolution of enantiomer peaks.
Identifying medullary bone in extinct avemetatarsalians: challenges, implications and perspectives

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Medullary bone (MB) is a sex-specific tissue produced by female birds during the laying cycle, and it is hypothesized to have arisen within Avemetatarsalia, possibly outside Avialae. Over the years, researchers have attempted to define a set of criteria from which to evaluate the nature of purported MB-like tissues recovered from fossil specimens. However, we argue that the prevalence, microstructural and chemical variability of MB in Neornithes is, as of yet, incompletely known and thus current diagnoses of MB do not capture the extent of variability that exists in modern birds. Based on recently published data and our own observations of MB distribution and structure using computed tomography and histochemistry, we attempt to advance the discourse on identifying MB in fossil specimens. We propose: (i) new insights into the phylogenetic breadth and structural diversity of MB within extant birds; (ii) a reevaluation and refinement of the most recently published list of criteria suggested for confidently identifying MB in the fossil record; (iii) reconsideration of some prior identifications of MB-like tissues in fossil specimens by taking into account the newly acquired data; and (iv) discussions on the challenges of characterizing MB in Neornithes with the goal of improving its diagnosis in extinct avemetatarsalians. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Vertebrate palaeophysiology’.
Growth inhibitor has unique structure and reactivity

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTGrowth inhibitor has unique structure and reactivityJatrophone has properties that support nucleophilic attack theory of tumor inhibitionCite this: Chem. Eng. News 1970, 48, 30, 42–43Publication Date (Print):July 20, 1970Publication History Published online7 November 2010Published inissue 20 July 1970https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v048n030.p042Copyright © 1970 AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETYArticle Views4Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (259 KB) SUBJECTS:Inhibitors,Plants Get e-Alerts
Genome-Wide DNA Methylation and LncRNA-Associated DNA Methylation in Metformin-Treated and -Untreated Diabetes

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Metformin, which is used as a first line treatment for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), has been shown to affect epigenetic patterns. In this study, we investigated the DNA methylation and potential lncRNA modifications in metformin-treated and newly diagnosed adults with T2DM. Genome-wide DNA methylation and lncRNA analysis were performed from the peripheral blood of 12 screen-detected and 12 metformin-treated T2DM individuals followed by gene ontology (GO) and KEGG pathway analysis. Differentially methylated regions (DMRs) observed showed 22 hypermethylated and 11 hypomethylated DMRs between individuals on metformin compared to screen-detected subjects. Amongst the hypomethylated DMR regions were the SLC gene family, specifically, SLC25A35 and SLC28A1. Fifty-seven lncRNA-associated DNA methylation regions included the mitochondrial ATP synthase-coupling factor 6 (ATP5J). Functional gene mapping and pathway analysis identified regions in the axon initial segment (AIS), node of Ranvier, cell periphery, cleavage furrow, cell surface furrow, and stress fiber. In conclusion, our study has identified a number of DMRs and lncRNA-associated DNA methylation regions in metformin-treated T2DM that are potential targets for therapeutic monitoring in patients with diabetes.
Lego exoskeleton: An educational tool to design rehabilitation device

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper aims to develop a model capable of mimicking human hand using LEGO Mindstorms EV3 which can be used as an education tool for students. It would be interesting if students have capabilities of developing exoskeleton device according to their requirements. Using Lego as a platform can explain the concepts of robotics, mechanical design and biomedical applications in simpler and cost effective way. Detailed experimental setup along with the possibilities for development is provided in this paper. The actuation of the hand exoskeleton is through Lego pneumatics which is actuated by motor mechanism. The main advantage of this system is the limited use of Lego parts, simple mechanical structure capable of lifting objects weighing from 20g to 600g, cost effective and easy designing process. This would enable wide range of students, Lego hobbyists, and researchers on using Lego as a rehabilitation device.
Research on maintenance support system of civil military integration equipment based on DODAF

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

To strengthen the civil military integration under the background of the equipment maintenance support system for equipment, according to military and civilian integration organizational factors, maintenance process, operation mechanism, using the DODAF method, from a comprehensive overview, ability to develop, top-level design, three aspects of model building, forming a equipment maintenance support system framework of civil military integration.The results can provide reference for the decision makers and equipment maintenance personnel.
The Specific Probes Confirming the Genomic DNA of Tricholoma matsutake in Korea

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The specific DNA band appeared in PCR-RAPD analysis using OPO-2 primer was a very important for the researching Korean pine-mushrooms, Tricholoma matsutake. This DNA band, sequenced to be the 770 base pairs, existed as only a single copy in the whole genomic DNA's of Korean pine-mushrooms. However, this band was not presenting from the PCR-RAPD bands of other ectomycorrhyzal fungi reacted with the OPO-2 primer or the dot blots. Also, this DNA sequence was not matched with those of the other genes known by NCBI and had low homology together with sequence of other proteins compared. Those results suggested that the specific DNA band can be used as probe for identification of T. matsutake and might be related to the informations rather than the gene for the proteins with analysis of protein sequence translated from the DNA sequence.
Cellular glycosylation senses metabolic changes and modulates cell plasticity during epithelial to mesenchymal transition

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a developmental program reactivated by tumor cells that leads to the switch from epithelial to mesenchymal phenotype. During EMT, cells are transcriptionally regulated to decrease E‐cadherin expression while expressing mesenchymal markers such as vimentin, fibronectin, and N‐cadherin. Growing body of evidences suggest that cells engaged in EMT undergo a metabolic reprograming process, redirecting glucose flux toward hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP), which fuels aberrant glycosylation patterns that are extensively observed in cancer cells. HBP depends on nutrient availability to produce its end product UDP‐GlcNAc, and for this reason is considered a metabolic sensor pathway. UDP‐GlcNAc is the substrate used for the synthesis of major types of glycosylation, including O ‐GlcNAc and cell surface glycans. In general, the rate limiting enzyme of HBP, GFAT, is overexpressed in many cancer types that present EMT features as well as aberrant glycosylation. Moreover, altered levels of O ‐GlcNAcylation can modulate cell morphology and favor EMT. In this review, we summarize some of the current knowledge that correlates glucose metabolism, aberrant glycosylation and hyper O ‐GlcNAcylation supported by HBP that leads to EMT activation. Developmental Dynamics 247:481–491, 2018 . © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Google search trends about psoriasis treatment: what do people want to know about systemic medications for treating psoriasis? (Preprint)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

UNSTRUCTURED

This study investigates the most frequently asked questions regarding systemic treatments for psoriasis vulgaris using Google Trends and People Also Asked (PAA) tools, focusing on traditional DMARDs, biologics, and small-molecule inhibitors. Analyzing data from January 31, 2019, to January 31, 2024, Adalimumab was found to have the highest search volume, followed by Apremilast and Methotrexate in their respective categories. Based on Rothwell’s Question Classification Criteria, questions about Adalimumab predominantly centered around their technical, factual details and cost of the medication. The study highlights significant public interest in these factors over their safety profile and it is likely influenced by Adalimumab’s high direct-to-consumer marketing. Moreover, evaluation of 782 websites showed that potential patients were seeking commercial and government-based websites to learn more about systemic psoriasis treatment. According to the JAMA benchmark criteria, these source types also scored the highest in terms of information quality, while medical practice websites scored the lowest. The findings suggest the need for dermatologists to address factual details such as medication administration scheduling, dietary restrictions, and cost during patient consultations, and to guide patients towards high-quality online resources. Limitations include potential comprehensiveness of questions and evolving medication concerns.
Optimal stopping framework for valuing convertible bonds with intensity to model uncertain call notice

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Empirical research shows that the call provision embedded in the convertible bonds and American call options may be delayed for different reasons. While there are several researches focused on recall provision embedded in the callable American call options under intensity-based framework, few performed detailed research on that in convertible bonds. Therefore, the main purpose of the current work is to model and study the call provision embedded in the callable convertible bonds using intensity-based approach. We formulate this as an optimal stopping problem. Under certain assumptions, we can then get a nonlinear complementarity problem that can be solved by numerical procedures. We also consider credit risk. Since there are already lots of literatures on this, we only provide a theoretical formulation under the AFV model framework.
Role Of Mmr Ii Vaccine Contamination With Gad65 Containing Chick Embryo Cell Culture In The Etiology Of Type 1 Diabetes

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Autoimmunity against glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) has been associated with type 1 diabetes. GAD65 is involved in type 1 diabetes. Following an anecdotal report of type 1 diabetes diagnosis a few weeks after measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccine administration, MMR vaccine contents were examined. Major proteins in the vaccine apart from the measles, mumps and rubella live viruses were chicken embryo cell culture proteins. Bioinformatics analysis provide strong evidence that chicken embryo cell culture proteins in the MMR vaccine can cause the development of antibodies against chicken GAD65 which cross-react with human GAD65 protein to cause type 1 diabetes. This is very similar to the Pandemrix vaccine causing narcolepsy.