jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Lithiation of Allyl Chlorides and Reactions with Electrophiles.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
New Species, New Subspecies and New Record of Butterflies (Lepidoptera) from China (IV)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In the present paper 3 new species, 3 new subspecies and l american invasive species are described from Hainan, Fujian, Sichuan, Qinghai and Shaanxi, China. All the specimens are deposited in the Entomological Museum, Northwest Sci Tech. University of Agriculture and Forestry. Danaidae 1. Parantica hainanica, sp. nov. (Figs.1,2) This species is simllar to P. aglea (Stoll), but with only one series of white spots in the black marginal band of both wings. Holotype: ♀, Lingshui xian, Hainan Province, 25 Ⅹ 1996, coll. Tan Xiang sheng. 2. Danaus gilippus (Cramer), rec. nov. (Figs.3,4) American species, occasionally invades to China. collected from Quanzhou, Fujian Province by Huang Bing wen. Riodinidae 3. Polycaena lama qinghaiensis, ssp. nov. (Figs.5,6,7,8) This subspecies is similar to P. lame lame Leech from Sichuan and Tibet, but a highly obvious outermedian bland on the upsurface of forewings; only 1/2 apical zone of undersurface of forewings brownish, the undersurface white with smaller black spots. Holotype: ♂, Huzhu Xian, Qinghai Province, 20 Ⅶ 1994, coll. Xu Wei bang; Paratype 1♀, same as holotype. 4. Polycaena lama taibaiensis, ssp. nov. (Figs.9,10) This subspecies also is similar to P. lama lama Leech, but upsurface of wings black, with red outermedian macula prominent, submarginal bland very narrow, and the grand part of undersurface of forewings white, maculae small. Holotype: ♂, Taibai Mt., Shaanxi Province, Ⅶ 1997, coll. Li Zhao dong. 5. Zemeros lushanensis, sp. nov. (Figs.11,12) This species is similar to Z. flegyas Cramer, but distinguished from the latter by following characters: 1. lacking the white short lines and black spots on the terminal zone of wings, 2. a distinct white finger like macula on the apex of forewing. Holotype: ♀, Lushan, Sichuan Province, coll. Wang Bing hong. 6. Dodona eugenes albescens, spp. nov. (Figs.13,14) This subspecies may be distinguished from nominal subspecies D. eugenes eugenes Bates by following characters: 1. the bottom colour of wings grey brown alternating with black brown, 2. the spots on forewing white, the pattern on undersurface of wings composed by grey brown and white. Holotype: ♂, Li Xian, Sichuan, 4 Ⅶ 1997, coll. Zhang Ya zhou. 7. Stiboges lushanica, sp. nov. (Figs.15,16) This species very similar to S. nymphidia Butler, but may be distinguished by follo wing characters: 1. the costal black band larger, with only l triangular process at its inner margin; 2. only l series of white spots in different size in black marginal band; 3. a large white macula on apex of forewings. Holotype: ♀, Paratype 1♂, Lushan, Sichuan Province, coll. Wang Bing hong.
Data from Cancer Stem Cell Analysis and Clinical Outcome in Patients with Glioblastoma Multiforme

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<div>Abstract<p><b>Purpose:</b> Cancer stem cells (CSC) are thought to represent the population of tumorigenic cells responsible for tumor development. The stem cell antigen CD133 identifies such a tumorigenic population in a subset of glioblastoma patients. We conducted a prospective study to explore the prognostic potential of CSC analysis in glioblastoma patients.</p><p><b>Experimental Design:</b> We investigated the relationship between the <i>in vitro</i> growth potential of glioblastoma CSCs and patient death or disease progression in tumors of 44 consecutive glioblastoma patients treated with complete or partial tumorectomy followed by radiotherapy combined with temozolomide treatment. Moreover, we evaluated by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence the prognostic value of the relative presence of CD133<sup>+</sup> and CD133<sup>+</sup>/Ki67<sup>+</sup> cells in patient tumors.</p><p><b>Results:</b><i>In vitro</i> CSC generation and the presence of ≥2% CD133<sup>+</sup> cells in tumor lesions negatively correlated with overall (<i>P</i> = 0.0001 and 0.02, respectively) and progression-free (<i>P</i> = 0.0002 and 0.01, respectively) survival of patients. A very poor overall (<i>P</i> = 0.007) and progression-free (<i>P</i> = 0.001) survival was observed among patients whose tumors contained CD133<sup>+</sup> cells expressing Ki67. Taking into account symptom duration, surgery type, age, <i>O</i><sup>6</sup>-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase promoter methylation, and p53 status, generation of CSCs and CD133/Ki67 coexpression emerged as highly significant independent prognostic factors, with an adjusted hazard ratio of 2.92 (95% confidence interval, 1.37-6.2; <i>P</i> = 0.005) and 4.48 (95% confidence interval, 1.68-11.9; <i>P</i> = 0.003), respectively.</p><p><b>Conclusions:</b> The analysis of CSCs may predict the survival of glioblastoma patients. <i>In vitro</i> CSC generation and presence of CD133<sup>+</sup>/Ki67<sup>+</sup> cells are two considerable prognostic factors of disease progression and poor clinical outcome.</p></div>
Investment Portfolio Management System

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract: The idea of this project is to automate the process of investing or trading based on users choice , by providing references to financial markets trajectory. This project helps a retail investor to meet his financial goals by automating the process and thereby remains manageable for them. The current projects usually reside on the principle of predicting the trend of the market or particular financial instrument .This can be done by using LSTM or prophet seasonality prediction model to predict non-linear trend in the market. Designing a bot to invest in instruments based on the users requirements will further help in automating the entire process. This ideated system is thought by integrating the smart predicting feature of the machine.
Exploring Resilience and Empowerment in Adults with Reduced Mobility

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Background: In the present study, we examine whether any specific combinations of resilient factors exist that give rise to different resilience profiles in people with reduced mobility. Methods: We also verified whether there were any statistically significant differences between the groups obtained regarding empowerment dimensions. The “Resilience Scale” (1993) and the “Empowerment Scale” (1989) were administered to 94 people with reduced mobility aged between 21 and 62 years (M = 29.35; SD = 6.43). Results: The cluster analysis identified three resilient profiles: a low-resilience profile, a group in which Acceptance of Self and Life predominated, and a last group in which high resilience was found across the board. Moreover, statistically significant differences in the empowerment dimensions were observed between the profiles obtained. Conclusions: The study findings suggest the need to further explore the subject of resilience as well as the design of programs directed towards enhancing the capabilities of people with disabilities.
Novel hexahydrofuro[3,4‐b]‐2(1H)‐pyridones from 4‐aryl substituted 5‐alkoxycarbonyl‐6‐methyl‐3,4‐dihydropyridones

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The title compounds 6 have been prepared in a one‐step procedure from the corresponding 4‐aryl substituted 5‐alkoxycarbonyl‐6‐methyl‐3,4‐dihydropyridones 4 in good yields. Quantum chemical calculations reveal a non‐planar molecule with a distorted dihydropyridone ring and two favoured conformations. The 13C nmr data and theoretical calculations support a strong push‐pull effect on the olefinic moiety.
Instrument to streamline the process of sending biological samples to an epidemiological surveillance center, from a Reference Unit for infectious and parasitic diseases.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Introduction: The sending of biological materials for specific exams to the Public Health Laboratory of Amazonas (LACEN-AM) depends on documents containing essential information to guide the performance of the tests, which need to go through a quality process and in most cases the lack of data compromises the streamflow to LACEN-AM. Objective: Create a checklist for the process of sending samples to the Public Health Laboratory (LACEN-AM). Methods: The Health Surveillance Guide (GVS), Integrated Manual for Epidemiological Surveillance of botulism, technical notes, reference technicians for information on registration and tests performed at LACEN-AM were consulted and the sequence of activities was also observed. carried out in the notification epidemiology sector, the orientation of the collection of biological material until the sending of the samples. Results: Between 2017 and 2019, 6 lists were sent to send samples to LACEN-AM, one list for each disease (Paracoccidioidomycosis, Hydatidosis, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, Acute Flaccid Paralysis, Human Rabies and Botulism). Conclusion: It is necessary to simplify the procedures related to the notification activities for sending biological material samples, improving operationalization, especially for paracocociodiomycosis, hydatidosis and SRAG, diseases that are not included in the GVS, making it difficult to understand the flow of sending biological materials when requested or, in the cases of (PFA), human rabies and botulism which, because they are in the process of monitoring, have their flows difficult to discern. Therefore, disseminating these procedures by means of an instrument can contribute to the improvement and understanding of the technicians who work in epidemiological surveillance, and will certainly speed up their actions, ensuring speed in sending the samples.
Comparison of Broth Micro Dilution and Disk Diffusion Methods for Susceptibility Testing of Dermatophytes

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Background: Dermatophytes are responsible for the majority of the fungal infections involving skin, hair and nails. There has been a remarkable increase in the number of fungal infections especially in those people whose immune system is compromised by aging, HIV infection, organ transplantation or cancer therapy.
Objective: The aim of this study was to compare both broth microdilution method & disk diffusion method for in-vitro activity of some antifungal drugs (Terbinafine, Fluconazole, Itraconazole) against different species of dermatophytes.
Patients and Method: This study was performed on 50 dermatophyte isolates recovered from various clinical specimens (skin, hair and nail) collected from dermatology outpatient clinic of Ain Shams University Hospital. All samples were cultured on sabarouds. Isolates recovered from SDA were subcultured on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) & incubated at 28°C for 7 days to enhance sporulation. The growth was harvested in sterile saline & the conidial and hyphal suspension was adjusted to 0.5 macfarland. Then antifungal susceptibility was done using: Disk diffusion (DD) method and Broth micro dilution (BMD) method.
Results: There was a highly significant agreement between the antifungal susceptibility testing of fluconazole, itraconazole and terbinafine by disk diffusion method and Broth micro-dilution method. In our studyagreement between both methods for itraconazole was 1.00 (kappa), for terbinafine was 0.947, and for fluconazole was 0.878. The factors that may affect the results of BMD or DD are type and size of inoculum, composition of the media, temperature and duration of incubation and disc strength.
Conclusion: There was a highly significant agreement between the antifungal susceptibility testing of fluconazole,
A novel fast multiple nucleotide sequence alignment method based on FM-index

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Multiple sequence alignment (MSA) is fundamental to many biological applications. But most classical MSA algorithms are difficult to handle large-scale multiple sequences, especially long sequences. Therefore, some recent aligners adopt an efficient divide-and-conquer strategy to divide long sequences into several short sub-sequences. Selecting the common segments (i.e. anchors) for division of sequences is very critical as it directly affects the accuracy and time cost. So, we proposed a novel algorithm, FMAlign, to improve the performance of multiple nucleotide sequence alignment. We use FM-index to extract long common segments at a low cost rather than using a space-consuming hash table. Moreover, after finding the longer optimal common segments, the sequences are divided by the longer common segments. FMAlign has been tested on virus and bacteria genome and human mitochondrial genome datasets, and compared with existing MSA methods such as MAFFT, HAlign and FAME. The experiments show that our method outperforms the existing methods in terms of running time, and has a high accuracy on long sequence sets. All the results demonstrate that our method is applicable to the large-scale nucleotide sequences in terms of sequence length and sequence number. The source code and related data are accessible in https://github.com/iliuh/FMAlign.
I. Chemical study of necrotic corn mutants. II. Metabolism of a kinin. III. The chemical nature of an insect gall growth factor

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Part I:

The leaves of nec rd (a single gene necrotic maize mutant) become necrotic when they are exposed to light for a few days. Extensive analysis has failed to reveal any difference in chemical composition between leaves of normal plants and of homozygous nec rd plants before any necrotic symptoms are visible (prenecrotic leaves). Treatment of nec rd seedlings with various metabolites (B vitamins, purines, pyrimidines, amino acids, etc.) did not prevent the appearance of necrosis. The rate of photosynthesis of prenecrotic leaves is normal at low light intensities but 20 to 50% of normal at saturating light intensity. C14O2 feeding experiments indicate that the carbon fixing reactions function normally in the mutant. Hill reaction rates are also similar in mutant and normal plants, as is the metabolism of labelled inorganic phosphate. CMU, which specifically inhibits photosynthesis to the extent of about 90%, delays the onset of visible necrotic damage and reduces the severity of subsequent necrotic symptoms. It is suggested that the nec rd lesion is in some reaction associated with photosynthesis and that it causes the accumulation of one or more toxic substances. These lower rate of photosynthesis and damage cell membranes. The necrotic phenotype would appear to be the result of the breakdown of cell compartmentalization.

Part II:

The kinin, 6-benzylaminopurine (benzyladenine), is converted to a number of low molecular weight materials by senescing leaves of Xanthium pensylvanicum Wall.(cocklebur). A major product is the riboside, benzyladenosine, which has been identified by comparison of its properties with those of benzyladenylic synthesized enzymatically using E. coli nucleoside phosphorylase and by degradative studies. The ribotide, benzyladenylic acid, also appears to be present. Labelled adenylic, guanylic and inosinic acids are produced, as are small amounts of adenine and guanine. Substantial amounts of label are also found in urea and in a ureide. Small amounts of labelled adenylic and guanylic acids are found in the RNA of the leaf, but benzyladenylic acid itself does not appear to be incorporated into RNA in measurable amounts.

Part III:

Low molecular weight material obtained from excised accessory glands of Pontania pacifica (gall-wasp) promotes the growth of Pontania galls on Salix alba (willow). Paper chromatographic analysis has indicated that uridine, uric acid and two unidentified adenine containing compounds are prominent constituents of this mixture. Uric acid and the two adenine containing compounds substantially increase the growth rate of small galls from which the larva has been removed while uridine has slight growth promoting activity. Various related compounds (e.g. adenosine, adenine and guanosine) also have growth-promoting activity. It appears likely that such compounds play an important role in the growth and development of Pontania galls.
Agri-environmental policy development in the European Union

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Nature and agriculture both shape the European countryside and one of the main challenges for the years to come will be to strengthen their interaction for the future development of rural areas. In this valuable and highly topical book, the authors demonstrate how economics and ecology can play a critical role in maintaining and sustaining this relationship. The book identifies the dilemmas facing European agriculture and explores their economic and ecological consequences. The authors believe a better understanding of these problems will be crucial in recognising the potential options for the future role of agriculture and nature policy and will guide the identification of suitable policy instruments.
Production and quality of forage under intercropping systems in the Cerrado/Pantanal ecotone

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The aims of this study were to evaluate forage production and nutritional quality of the elephant grass, leucaena and pigeon pea beans, grown in monocrop or in intercropping systems in Cerrado / Pantanal ecotones in both, dry and rainy, seasons. Experimental design was completely randomized with five treatments and five repetitions. The treatments were: elephant grass, leucaena and pigeon pea all of these in monocrop; intercropping elephant grass with Leucaena; intercropping elephant grass with pigeon pea. During the rainy season, it was carried out three cuts at intervals of 60 days, and in the dry season a single cut with 180 days. In the rainy season, the biomass produced of the forages elephant grass, leucaena and pigeon pea corresponded respectively to 72, 64, 76% of the annual production. Under intercropping system, fodder behaves similarly, with the average of 72% of annual production. During this period, the nutritional quality of the forages was also higher than the dry season. In the dry period, there was decreased the production of biomass and a reduction in the proportion of leaves in all the forage, regardless of cultivation system. In both seasons (rainy and dry), the forage grown under intercropping system showed higher dry matter production in relation to monocrop system, with most of this production coming of elephant grass. The intercropping elephant grass with the pigeon pea has the highest production of dry matter, while the intercropping elephant grass with Leucaena has better nutritional quality.
SLICER: A Novel Computational Pipeline for Dynamic Analysis of Complex Engineered DNA from Long-Read Sequencing

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract

Long-Read Sequencing (LRS) technologies offer capabilities for characterizing complex engineered DNA constructs from Golden Gate and barcoded DNA variant assemblies, CRISPR engineered libraries or Multiplexed Assays of Variant Effect (MAVE) experiments. However, the heterogeneity of such molecules, combined with potential structural and length variability, presents analytical challenges. We present SLICER (Sequencing Long-read Identifier of Complex Element Regions), a pipeline for analyzing LRS of such constructs. SLICER dynamically identifies and extracts user-defined barcode/core elements per-read using an anchor-based method, accommodating positional/length variations and aligns these back to reference sequences. If absent, SLICER is capable of de novo reference prediction, a feature that can be insightful to identify unpredicted/aberrant phasing/combinatorial events. When benchmarked, SLICER’s de novo reference prediction was accurate to within 1% of reference data. SLICER’s dynamic extraction and robust de novo reference capabilities provide an invaluable tool for synthetic and engineered biology applications, enabling comprehensive interrogation of complex barcoded DNA constructs and libraries. SLICER is available at https://github.com/mbassalbioinformatics/SLICER.
Minimal-pair word learning by bilingual toddlers: the Catalan /e/-/ɛ/ contrast revisited

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Twelve-month-old bilingual and monolingual infants show comparable phonetic discrimination skills for vowels belonging to their native language/s. However, Catalan–Spanish bilingual toddlers, but not Catalan monolinguals, appear insensitive to a vowel mispronunciation in familiar words involving the Catalan–Specific /e/-/ɛ/ contrast. Here bilingual and monolingual toddlers were tested in a challenging minimal-pair word learning task involving that contrast (i.e., [bepi]-[bɛpi]). Both groups succeeded, suggesting that bilinguals can successfully use their phonetic categories to phonologically encode novel words. It is argued that bilinguals’ impoverished vowel representations in familiar words might be the result of experiential input factors (e.g., cognate words and mispronunciations due to accented speech).
Prospects of Laser Spectroscopy to Detect Vulnerable Plaque

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Atherosclerosis affects most muscular and elastic arteries (1), but its consequences in coronary vessels are particularly severe. Acute obstruction of the coronary artery lumen caused by intraluminal thrombosis overlying a ruptured or fissured atherosclerotic plaque leads to a reduction in coronary blood flow, thereby causing a cardiac event (2). At present, it is believed that the risk of plaque rupture is related to biochemical lesion composition rather than its area or volume (3, 4). Other factors that determine the instability of a plaque include fibrous cap thickness and the presence of compositional junctions (i.e., borders between atheromatous areas and calcifications or nondiseased areas). At present, however, it is not possible to predict whether a plaque will rupture and cause clinical symptoms.
Color Defect Detection of Pharmaceutical Capsules using Histogram based Thresholding

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, a new method of inspecting pharmaceutical capsules aesthetic defects is proposed using color image processing. After an image is taken, median filtering is performed. Then the region based statistics is calculated to acquire the largest area of pharmaceutical capsule from the image. After that RGB image is transferred into R plane, G plane and B plane. Then histogram of each plane is calculated. Further by setting thresholding value of each plane, mask of each plane is determined. Color segmentation of image is achieved by combining mask of each plane. Experiments are conducted with the quality inspection of pharmaceutical capsules. Time is also taken as major parameter of the system. Experiment results show the reliability and feasibility of proposed method as time and quality control are two main parameters in industry. The proposed paper present an application to detect defect related to color of pharmaceutical capsules which can be adapted to other practical applications for automated visual inspection using image processing techniques. Keywords: Color Segmentation, Histogram, Image Enhancement, RGB Planes, Thresholding