jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Role of seasonal variation on the prevalence and risk factors of trichuriasis among the aboriginal community in Malaysia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Summary Trichuris trichiura is a soil-transmitted helminth prevalent in developing countries with poor, inadequate sanitation and unsafe water sources. In Malaysia, the prevalence of trichuriasis is relatively high among the aboriginal community due to poverty and poor sanitation. However, there are few studies to determine the seasonal variation on the prevalence and risk factors to acquire Trichuris trichiura infection in Malaysia. The present study found higher Trichuris trichiura infection during the dry season (63.6%; 138/217) in comparison to the wet season (55.5%; 142/256). Low household income, low education level and practice of open defecation were significant risk factors to acquire Trichuris trichiura infection during the wet season. Usage of untreated water supplies for daily activities was a risk factor to acquire trichuriasis during the dry season. This study highlighted that poverty and poor sanitation practices as well as drinking untreated water put the aborigines at high risk to acquire trichuriasis. Therefore, health education, improved sanitation and provision of treated water supply are recommended for the prevention and control of Trichuris trichiura infections in the aboriginal community.
ARCHITECTURE SECURITY PRINCIPLES OF THE ANDROID APPLICATIONS-BASED INFORMATION SYSTEM

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this article common attack vectors on the information systems, which are based on the Android client applications, are observed, analyzed and compared. The purpose of this analysis consists in creating the theoretical base for development the practical principles of securing the architecture level of such systems. To accomplish the aims set, there was conducted the categorization of attacks and vulnerabilities specific to the Android information infrastructure and environment. There were also conducted analysis of Android application functional components and typical underlying infrastructure which have possible impact on a system security. Available data about the widespread vulnerabilities of the described elements was analyzed in context of possible exploitation. Based on the Android application usage model there were figured out several adversary models and attack vectors related to the researched information system type. Developed adversary models were formed with a focus on technical possibilities and threat abstraction. Mentioned vectors can be used by an attacker to violate the confidentiality and integrity of critical information in the system. The carried out research was used to form the characteristic comparison of the mentioned vectors and adversary models to evaluate the attack surface on the different parts of information system represented as attack vectors. As a result, we have developed the theoretical principles for securing the architecture of Android applications-driven information systems. Achieved results can be used to form the threat and adversary model, create practical recommendations for the information risk reducing practices in Android-applications driven information systems and to develop the technical requirements for security testing and development.
Research on Health Indicators Selection of Civil Turbofan Engine Fuel System

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In view of the poor working environment, frequent performance degradation, lack of quantitative indicators of the health status of components and civil turbofan engine fuel system. Through mechanism analysis, this paper considers the key components of the fuel system (fuel metering device, differential pressure controller, main fuel pump), and studies its health index formulation strategy. With the verified AMESim model of a domestic civil turbofan engine fuel system, a variety of typical performance degradation modes are injected, and the analysis and simulation are carried out, and the corresponding health indicators are selected. The simulation results show that the selected health indicators have good monitoring ability for typical performance degradation modes, and can be used as an evaluation standard for the health status of the fuel system, providing a reference for the development of fuel system health management and condition-based maintenance strategies.
Conformer of the peroxynitrite ion formed under photolysis of crystalline alkali nitrates – cis or trans?

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The optical and infrared reflectance spectra of the crystalline powders prepared by co-crystallization of caesium nitrate, nitrite, and peroxynitrite from alkali solution have been studied. We find that the trans conformer forms under photolysis of crystalline pure caesium nitrate. Under its dissolution the trans conformer transforms to the cis conformer.
PWE-064 Management Of Large Colonic Polyps In The Severn Deanery Hospitals: An Audit Of Current Practice

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction Large (>2 cm) colonic polyps present a challenge to the colonoscopist. The British Colorectal Cancer Screening Programme (BCSP) recently drafted guidelines to standardise their management. We compared our current practice with the proposed guidelines. Methods This was a retrospective audit in four South-West hospitals with comparison between screening and non-screening patients. Patients were identified using clinical coding. Case notes were reviewed. Polyps were scored using SMSA system to standardise difficulty of endoscopic resection. Data was compared against 9 auditable outcomes. Results 104 cases were identified (24 BCSP, 80 symptomatic). There was no significant difference in mean size (2.9 cm BCSP, 2.7 cm symptomatic, p = 0.14) or mean SMSA grading (2.8 BCSP, 2.9 symptomatic, p = 0.46). 6 polyps were malignant (1 BCSP; 5 symptomatic); all had position marked by tattoo. 1 malignant polyp was resected endoscopically in the symptomatic group. Mean time to definitive resection was 34 and 30 days (BCSP and symptomatic respectively). Recurrence of adenoma at EMR site was low at 3 months (0/22 BCSP, 1/37 symptomatic) and 12 months (0/22 BCSP, 2/37 symptomatic). However fewer EMR sites were checked if the index endoscopy was performed by a non-BCS colonoscopist (10/13 vs. 8/24). Complication rates were low: 1 haemorrhage requiring admission (symptomatic group); 0 perforations. 17 benign polyps were referred for surgery (3 BCSP, 14 symptomatic; p = 0.49). In both groups the mode SMSA score was 4. Benign polyps were referred directly for surgery; only those polyps with malignant histology were discussed at a formal mutli-disciplinary meeting. There were no deaths or signficant morbidity associated with surgery for bening polyps. Conclusion Overall management was comparable to draft guidelines. The frequency of large polyps outside BCSP indicates that non-BCS endoscopists will gain experience with these lesions. Approximately 17% of benign polyps were referred for surgery, similar to other series. However, none had been discussed with local EMR experts. Consequently a large polyp referral pathway has been established at two centres within the region. Reference Gupta S, Miskovic D, Bhandari P, et al . SMSA scoring system: a novel scoring system for determining the level of difficulty of a polypectomy. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2011;73(4S):AB418–9 Disclosure of Interest None Declared.
Chemoselective reduction for different steroidal alpha, beta-unsaturated ketone into diene by using Luche reagent

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The conjugate reduction of -unsaturated carbonyl compounds remains an active area of organic synthesis.Our aim is to control the reducing potential and selectivity of conjugated enone reduction.After much experimentation, the best conditions found for maximum yield with chemo and regioselectivity were to employ 1 molar equiv. of NaBH4 for each mole of substrate in methanol containing some cerium(III) chloride.Many enones were converted essentially quantitatively to the allylic alcohol at room temperature.Surprisingly, reduction of the enone system in compound 2 (1.0 mmol) with NaBH4 (1.0 mmol) and cerium chloride (1.0 mmol) in MeOH gave compound 3, in which the enone system was reduced and the allylic alcohol dehydrated producing the diene system.
Behold, she stands at the door: Reentry, black women and the black church

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper examines the African American church’s response to the special problems of African American women who reenter the community post-incarceration. The first portion of the paper examines the impact of criminal justice policies on women of color and the attending problems of reentry which resulted. It then surveys the black church’s response to returning citizens, especially women. It concludes by proposing shifts in perspectives and theologies which create barriers to successful reintegration into the community at large, and the church in particular. The intended audience is individuals and faith communities who seek to work effectively with returning women.
State of Modeling Symmetry in Hohlraums

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Modeling radiation drive asymmetry is challenging problem whose agreement with data depends on the hohlraum gas fill density. Modeling to date uses the HYDRA code with crossbeam energy transfer (CBET) calculated separately, and backscattered light removed from the input laser. For high fill hohlraums (~>1 mg/cc), matching symmetry requires ad hoc adjustments to CBET during picket and peak of drive. For near-vacuum hohlraums, there is little CBET or backscatter, and drive is more waist-high than predicted. For intermediate fill densities (~0.6 mg/cc) there appears to be a region of small CBET and backscatter where symmetry is reasonably well modeled. A new technique where backscatter and CBET are done “inline” appears it could bring high fill simulations closer to data.
Recommendations to dentists — the individual entrepreneur in the organization of medical activity

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Health care reform in recent years is accompanied by the development of market relations in all sectors of health care, and, first of all, in dentistry. All over the world, dentistry, regardless of the accepted health care system, has the largest volume of paid services. In the Russian Federation, a network of private dental organizations is widely available, offering paid dental services to the population. In the article we suggest, is considered the sanitary and epidemiological requirements that have to be fulfilled to open a private dental office and obtain a license for medical activities for the provision of dental services.
NEUTRON DETECTOR TRAVERSES IN THE TOPSY AND GODIVA CRITICAL ASSEMBLIES

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

fast neutron tissue dose a alpha d bare cadmium- covered Au/sup 197/ foils for the measurement of thermal neutron tissue dose, (2) the Hurst proportional counter for the measurement of neutron tissue dose, (3) tissue-equivalent and graphite-CO/sub 2/ ionization chambers for the measurement of neutron and gamma -tissue dose, (4) and tetrachloroethylene chemical dosimeters for the measurement of gamma -dose only, Instruments and procedures of the methods are described and the accuracy of the methods is discussed. (C.H.)
Microsatellite loci transferability from Theobroma cacao to Theobroma grandiflorum

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Theobroma grandiflorum (cupuassu) is an important fruit tree native to the Brazilian Amazon. Forty‐eight microsatellite loci developed for the congener Theobroma cacao were tested in cupuassu , and 29 (60.4%) produced robust alleles. The analyses of 216 cupuassu accessions using the 21 polymorphic microsatellite loci revealed a total of 113 alleles. The number of alleles per polymorphic locus ranged from two to 11, with an average of 5.38 alleles per locus. The average observed heterozygosity was 0.343, while the mean expected heterozygosity was 0.614. The successful transferability of T. cacao microsatellite primers to cupuassu was consistent with currently accepted phylogeny.
Seed Stores for Restoration of Species‐Rich Shrubland Vegetation Following Mining in Western Australia

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract The extreme species richness of native shrubland vegetation (kwongan) near Eneabba, Western Australia, presents a major problem in the restoration of sites following mineral sand mining. Seed sources available for post‐mining restoration and those present in the native kwongan vegetation were quantified and compared. Canopy‐borne seeds held in persistent woody fruits were the largest seed source of perennial species in the undisturbed native vegetation and also provided the most seeds for restoration. In undisturbed vegetation, the germinable soil seed store (140–174 seeds · m −2 ) was only slightly less than the canopy‐borne seed store (234–494 seeds · m −2 ), but stockpiled topsoil provided only 9% of the germinable seeds applied to the post‐mining habitat. The age of stockpiled soil was also important. In the three‐year‐old stockpiled topsoil, the seed bank was only 10.5 seeds · m −2 in the surface 2.5 cm, compared to 56.1 to 127.6 seeds · m −2 in fresh topsoil from undisturbed vegetation sites. In the stockpiled topsoil, most seeds were of annual species and 15–40% of the seeds were of non‐native species. In the topsoil from undisturbed vegetation, over 80% of the seeds were of perennial species, and non‐native species comprised only 2.7% of the seed bank. Additional seeds of native species were broadcast on restoration areas, and although this represented only 1% of the seed resources applied, the broadcast seed mix was an important resource for increasing post‐mining species richness. Knowledge of the life‐history characteristics of plant species may relate to seed germination patterns and assist in more accurate restoration where information on germination percentages of all species is not available.
On the coupling of magnetic moments to superconducting quantum interference devices

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We investigate the coupling factor $ϕ_μ$ that quantifies the magnetic flux $Φ$ per magnetic moment $μ$ of a point-like magnetic dipole that couples to a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID). Representing the dipole by a current-carrying loop, the reciprocity of mutual inductances of SQUID and loop provides a way of calculating $ϕ_μ(\vec{r}, \vec{e}_μ)$ vs.~position $\vec{r}$ and orientation $\vec{e}_μ$ of the dipole anywhere in space from the magnetic field $B(\vec{r})$ produced by a supercurrent circulating in the SQUID loop. We use numerical simulations based on London and Ginzburg-Landau theory to calculate $ϕ_μ$ from the supercurrent density distributions in various SQUID geometries. We treat the far-field regime ($r\gtrsim a=$ inner size of the SQUID loop) with the dipole placed on the symmetry axis of circular or square shaped loops. We compare expressions for $ϕ_μ$ from filamentary loop models with simulation results for loops with finite width $w$ (outer size $A>a$), thickness $d$ and London penetration depth $λ_L$ and show that for thin ($d\ll a$) and narrow ($w < a$) loops the introduction of an effective loop size $a_{\rm eff}$ in the filamentary loop-model expressions results in agreement with simulations. For a dipole placed in the center of the loop, simulations provide an expression $ϕ_μ(a,A,d,λ_L)$ that covers a wide parameter range. In the near-field regime (dipole centered at small distance $z$ above one SQUID arm) only coupling to a single strip representing the SQUID arm has to be considered. Here, we compare simulations with an analytical expression derived for a homogeneous current density distribution, which yields excellent agreement for $λ_L>w,d$. Moreover, we analyze $ϕ_μ$ provided by the introduction of a constriction in the SQUID arm below the magnetic dipole.
Self-consistent analysis of hadron production in $pp$ and $AA$ collisions at mid-rapidity

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The self-consistent approach based on similarity of inclusive spectra of hadrons produced in $pp$ and $AA$ collisions is reviewed. This approach allows us to describe rather well the ratio of proton to anti-proton yields in $AA$ collisions as a function of the initial energy at a wide range from a few GeV to a few TeV. We suggest its modification due to the quark-gluon dynamics to describe the inclusive spectra of hadrons produced in $pp$ collision as a function of the transverse momentum $p_t$ at mid-rapidity. The extension of this approach to analyze the pion $p_t$-spectra produced in $AA$ collision at high and middle energies and mid-rapidity is given. The satisfactory description of experimental data on these spectra in $pp$ and $AA$ collisions within the offered approach is shown.
A study on the interference in the digital broadcasting area using same frequency

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In digital broadcasting system single frequency network (SFN) technologies are often considered for the efficiency of frequency allotment. In SFN, All the transmitters within the broadcasting service area use the same frequency. In this paper, we discuss the performance and evaluate some coverage criterions for SFN in digital video broadcasting - terrestrial (DVB-T) and on-channel repeater (OCR) in the Advanced Television Systems Committee (ATSC). Also, we propose method and simulation for coverage planning and estimation.
What values do customers create/co-create through their interaction with luxury brands

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

2013 dissertation for MSc in International Business Management. Selected by academic staff as a good example of a masters level dissertation. \nThe Luxury market has encountered considerable growth over recent decades. Thanks to economic growth, nowadays people are more likely to spend higher amount of money for luxury and exclusive products. In this state of affairs customers need to perceive sufficient value in the luxury brands in order to intend to purchase expensive goods. Customer positive experiences about the brand play a prominent role in customer purchase intention. According to service-dominant logic studies, customers are value creator and firms are value facilitator. Both brand and customer can change their roles to value co-creators when they interact with each other during the process of value creation. Luxury customers are enthusiastic to achieve personalised brand experiences and the firm is responsible to pave this way for them. In this paper, the researcher attempts to explain the values that are created through this interaction between luxury brand and luxury customers. For this reason, the researcher has built the research upon the Tynan et al. (2010) study. The research aims to explore the interaction between customers and luxury brand resources and look at the concept from the customer’s perspective. Yet, the previous related articled has been reviewed. Eight in-depth interviews are conducted to investigate the luxury customers’ perspective on the phenomenon. The study findings suggest five values that customers create through their interaction with luxury brands. The research also support previous studies on luxury value co-creation and provides some recommendations for practitioners and future studies.
Pathways to Justice, Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion in Marine Science and Conservation

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Marine conservation sciences have traditionally been, and remain, non-diverse work environments with many barriers to justice, equity, diversity, and inclusion (JEDI). These barriers disproportionately affect entry of early career scientists and practitioners and limit the success of marine conservation professionals from under-represented, marginalized, and overburdened groups. These groups specifically include women, LGBTQ+, Black, Indigenous, and people of color (BIPOC). However, the issues also arise from the global North/South and East/West divide with under-representation of scientists from the South and East in the global marine conservation and science arena. Persisting inequities in conservation, along with a lack of inclusiveness and diversity, also limit opportunities for innovation, cross-cultural knowledge exchange, and effective implementation of conservation and management policies. As part of its mandate to increase diversity and promote inclusion of underrepresented groups, the Diversity and Inclusion committee of the Society for Conservation Biology-Marine Section (SCB Marine) organized a JEDI focus group at the Sixth International Marine Conservation Congress (IMCC6) which was held virtually. The focus group included a portion of the global cohort of IMCC6 attendees who identified issues affecting JEDI in marine conservation and explored pathways to address those issues. Therefore, the barriers and pathways identified here focus on issues pertinent to participants’ global regions and experiences. Several barriers to just, equitable, diverse, and inclusive conservation science and practice were identified. Examples included limited participation of under-represented minorities (URM) in research networks, editorial biases against URM, limited professional development and engagement opportunities for URM and non-English speakers, barriers to inclusion of women, LGBTQ+, and sensory impaired individuals, and financial barriers to inclusion of URM in all aspects of marine conservation and research. In the current policy brief, we explore these barriers, assess how they limit progress in marine conservation research and practice, and seek to identify initiatives for improvements. We expect the initiatives discussed here to advances practices rooted in principles of JEDI, within SCB Marine and, the broader conservation community. The recommendations and perspectives herein broadly apply to conservation science and practice, and are critical to effective and sustainable conservation and management outcomes.
Presence of Poly(A) Tails at the 3'-Termini of Some mRNAs of a Double-Stranded RNA Virus, Southern Rice Black-Streaked Dwarf Virus

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus (SRBSDV), a new member of the genus Fijivirus, is a double-stranded RNA virus known to lack poly(A) tails. We now showed that some of SRBSDV mRNAs were indeed polyadenylated at the 3' terminus in plant hosts, and investigated the nature of 3' poly(A) tails. The non-abundant presence of SRBSDV mRNAs bearing polyadenylate tails suggested that these viral RNA were subjected to polyadenylation-stimulated degradation. The discovery of poly(A) tails in different families of viruses implies potentially a wide occurrence of the polyadenylation-assisted RNA degradation in viruses.
Characterizing the heterogeneity of globus pallidus neuron behavior by comparing a real neuron database with model databases of varying conductance parameters

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Background The function of brain networks is highly dependent on the dynamical properties of single neurons, whose activity ranges from complex spontaneous activity patterns such as oscillations and bursting, to a variety of synaptic response patterns serving functions such as coincidence detection or rebound firing. These dynamical properties vary in time through modulation and plasticity, and are also heterogeneous across individual neurons of the same type. Commonly, neurons show two to five-fold variability in the density of voltage-gated conductances, which accounts for large variations in dynamical behavior.