jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Incidental Prostatic Paraganglia in Radical Prostatectomy Specimens

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Paraganglia are an uncommon but previously reported finding in the genitourinary system. Recognition of this entity in the prostate is important in distinguishing it from prostatic adenocarcinoma. In this series, 1230 radical prostectomy specimens were examined for the presence of paraganglia, and a total of 57 cases (4.5%) were found to contain paraganglia. The majority of paraganglia were extraprostatic and could easily mimic extension of prostatic adenocarcinoma into extraprostatic tissue. It is important to recognize paraganglia, particularly when they are extraprostatic and could confer a falsely higher tumor stage to the patient. The paraganglia demonstrated characteristic histology, and immunohistochemistry was supportive when enough tissue was available. No association between patient age and frequency of paraganglia was found.
Hospital-based transitional housing and care at discharge for persons experiencing homelessness

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACTPeople identifying as homeless in high income countries are becoming older and more medically complex. Previous studies have demonstrated the health and social benefits of various housing interventions for people who are homeless after hospital discharge. In this pre-/post-intervention cohort study, we recruited 57 participants from two transitional housing programs on the grounds of a single inner-city tertiary care center. In comparison to the 12 months prior to attending the transitional housing program, the number of hospital admissions decreased by 45% in the 12 months thereafter from an average of 2.0 to 1.1 admissions (p = 0.01). The number of inpatient days decreased by 64% from an average of 23.2 to 8.3 days (p < 0.01). Housing status at 12 months after baseline interviews had improved for 42% of our participants. Through our qualitative interviews with participants, key strengths of the programs included the trauma-informed approach and social service navigation provided by staff members, as well as the stable physical environment with proximity to comprehensive healthcare and social resources. Among hospitalized individuals facing homelessness, our study demonstrates that participation in a hospital-based transitional housing program can be associated with reductions in hospitalizations and hospital length of stay, and improved housing status.KEYWORDS: Homelessnesstransitional housingmedical respitehospital dischargehomeless AcnkowledgementsThe authors would like to acknowledge with gratitude the fantastic staff and management of the St. Paul's Hospital HUB and Transitional Care Center for their help throughout this study and for the amazing work they do. We would also like to thank each of our participants for their contributions to this study, their willingness to share a piece of their lives with us, and their inspiring resilience.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Additional informationFundingThis research was supported by the University of British Columbia Graduate Student Research Award – Partnership Collaboration Grant.Notes on contributorsAlec YuAlec Yu, MD is an Internal Medicine resident at the University of British Columbia,Vancouver, Canada. He is a co-investigator on this study.Rehan JessaRehan Jessa, MSc is a fourth-year medical student at the University of British Columbia,Vancouver, Canada. He is a coinvestigator on this study.Anita PalepuAnita Palepu, MD, MPH, FRCPC, MACP is Professor, Eric W. Hamber Chair and Head of the Department of Medicine at the University of British Columbia. She is the principal investigator on this study.
Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To describe the procedure and result of a newly designed total knee prosthesis Methods During the period of July 1991 through December 1997,there were 8 revision knee arthroplasties performed in 7 patients Five patients had RA, 2 OA (3 keens) The major indications for revision surgery were aseptic loosening with pain or deformity Results The follow up periods lasted from six months to eight years Five knee had 80° of flexion and walking distance was over 500 m They could climb stairs with the help of a hand rail The range of motion of other 3 knees was less than 40° of flexion and walking ability was limited Conclusion The current design of the revision total knee prosthesis provides a new stable device for the patients who need the revision of the failed total knee replacement
Pseudo-proper two-dimensional electron gas formation

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract In spite of the interest in the two-dimensional electron gases (2DEGs) experimentally found at surfaces and interfaces, important uncertainties remain about the observed insulator–metal transitions (IMTs). Here we show how an explicit pseudo-proper coupling of carrier sources with a relevant soft mode signiﬁcantly affects the transition. The analysis presented here for 2DEGs at polar interfaces is based on group theory, Landau-Ginzburg theory, and illustrated with ﬁrst-principles calculations for the prototypical case of the LaAlO3⁄SrTiO3 interface, for which such a structural transition has recently been observed. This direct coupling implies that the appearance of the soft mode is always accompanied by carriers. For sufﬁciently strong coupling an avalanchelike ﬁrst-order IMT is predicted.&#xD;
Induced Circular Dichroism Characteristics as Conformational Probes for Carcinogenic Aminofluorene−DNA Adducts

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

We report novel induced circular dichroism (ICD) characteristics for probing the conformational heterogeneity induced by the arylamine carcinogen 2-aminofluorene, namely, B type (B), stacked (S), and wedged (W) conformers. CD experiments were conducted with five different aminofluorene-modified DNA duplexes (I-V). An intense positive ICD was observed for the W conformeric I in the 290-360 nm range (ICD(290)(-)(360nm)). This was in contrast to the negative ICD(290)(-)(360nm) exhibited by the mostly B conformeric V (17% S/83% B). Duplex IV, which adopts an approximately equal mixture of S (53%) and B (47%), exhibited low ellipticities along the baseline. The magnitude of the positive ICD for I was significantly greater than that observed for II (70% S/30% B). While the ICD(290)(-)(360nm) of the W conformeric III showed no changes in intensity with increasing temperature from 10 to 35 degrees C, dramatic changes were observed for I across the same temperature range. Dynamic (19)F NMR results revealed that I exists in an 85:15 mixture of W and S/B conformers. The dramatic intensity changes observed for I are consistent with the presence of a W/B heterogeneity because of its susceptibility to result in a large difference on the magnitude of the ICD(290)(-)(360nm). In conclusion, the sign and magnitude of the ICD(290)(-)(360)(nm) are sensitive conformational markers for studying arylamine-induced conformational heterogeneity. The temperature-dependent ICD(290)(-)(360nm) data, coupled with (19)F NMR spectroscopy, provide valuable information about conformational distribution and dynamics, which are important factors that affect mutational outcomes.
A Statistics-Based Approach to Studying Aluminum Pit Initiation

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A statistical description of pit initiation in high-purity aluminum (99.99) is developed based on the statistical frameworks established by Baroux [Corros. Sci., 28, 969 (1988)] and Shibata and Takeyama [Corrosion, 33, 243 (1977) and 52, 813 (1996)]. The statistical treatment is used to examine the dependency of pitting behavior on electrode area, scan rate, and chloride concentration. It is shown that the average pitting potential is proportional to the log of the scan rate and the log of one over electrode area, implying an exponential dependence of pit germination rate on applied potential. The constants that describe pit germination rate are independent of area for electrodes of diameter 125 μm and smaller. However, the constants are area-dependent for larger electrodes. Based on these results a homogeneous pit nucleation process is proposed to account for pit initiation on 125 μm diam and smaller electrodes, while a heterogeneous process is proposed to control the behavior of 500 μm diam electrodes. The results from these studies also demonstrate the importance of correctly choosing experimental conditions when studying pitting behavior. The dependencies of pitting potential on scan rate and area are found to be sensitive to electrode size, scan rate, and aggressiveness of the electrolyte. © 2003 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Implementation Research on the Effectiveness of Care Group Model in Improving Knowledge and Practices of MCHN Services by Community Mothers in India

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background & objectives: Knowledge and practices of Maternal and child health (MCH) services is vital for improved health and nutrition among children and mothers. This study has used implementation research on the “Care Group Model” a behaviour change communication approach to assess the knowledge and child health care practices of mothers. Methods: The study was conducted in the districts of Odisha which is in the eastern state of India. This study has used a cluster sampling technique to collect the data of the Care Group intervention of the first 1000 days during pregnancy and thereafter among mothers/caregivers of children up to 2 years. This study has followed a mixed-method approach using both quantitative and qualitative data from study population. Results: Implementation of care group model in the four blocks had a great impact on the knowledge, attitude, and practices of mothers or caretakers of young children on the various aspects of maternal and child health. Mothers in the intervention area were found to be better at managing diarrhoea, i.e., they had better knowledge of giving more fluids, solid food and ORS during diarrhoeal episode. Interpretation & conclusion: This study concludes that the care group is more effective in the intervention areas by improving children’s health and massive behavioural changes that happened in the mother’s pregnancy care. Expanding the intervention of care group models in other areas of RMNCHA could be a policy suggestion. Key words: Care Group Model; Implementation Research; Maternal and Child health; Nutrition; Odisha.
COMBINED TREATMENT OF OPERABLE RECTAL CANCER WITH NEGATIVE PROGNOSIS FACTORS: A PROSPECTIVE STUDY

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (nact) is a potential alternative to chemoradiation therapy (crt) for rectal cancer and may allow early prevention of distant metastasis. Objective: to study the safety and efficacy of nact for patients with rectal cancer without damage to the mesorectal fascia. Material and methods. From 2016 to 2019, patients with cancer of the upper ampullar (сmrt2-t4an+m0, cmrt4an0m0), medium ampullar (cmrt3сn0m0, cmrt2n+m0) rectal regions were included in the pilot prospective study. All patients underwent nact according to the capox 4 scheme. Evaluation of the effect was carried out on the basis of mri of the small pelvis. In the case of regression or stabilization, surgery was performed, and in the case of progression, crt was followed by surgery. After surgery, all patients were scheduled for adjuvant chemotherapy for a total duration of 6 months. The primary endpoint was the rate of pathological complete response (mandard trg 1). Secondary endpoints included disease progression, toxicity (nci-ctc v. 5.0), postoperative complications (clavien-dindo), chemotherapy regimen, and long-term treatment outcomes. Results. 136 patients were included into the study. Of 130 (11 %) patients, who underwent only nact prior to surgery, 15 had pathological complete response. 99 patients (72.8 %) received a full course of chemotherapy for 6 months (nact + adjuvant pct). 6 (4.3 %) patients after neoadjuvant chemotherapy were treated with crt, 5 (3.67 %) of them due to local progression according to mri data, 1 (0.7 %) due to grade 3 toxicity during 1 course of pct and inability to continue chemotherapy treatment plan. Radiation therapy resulted in partial tumor regression in all patients. Systemic progression was not observed in any patient. Grade iii–iv toxicity was observed in 7 (5.1 %) patients, including bronchospasm (n=2, 1.4 %), thrombocytopenia (n=1, 0.7 %), neutropenia (n=1, 0.7 %), peripheral neuropathy (n=1, 0.7 %), cardiotoxicity (n=1, 0.7 %), diarrhea (n=1, 0.7 %). Grade v toxicity (acute myocardial infarction) was observed in 1 (0.7 %) patient. R0 resection was performed in all cases. Grade iiia postoperative complications occurred in 6 (4.4 %) patients, iiib complications in 5 (3.7 %) patients, and death due to sepsis after postoperative pneumonia in 1 (0.7 %) patient. The frequency of anastomotic leak was 3.6 % (n=5). The median follow-up was 31.4 months, the overall survival (os) and disease-free survival (dfs) rates were 94 % and 92.8 %. Conclusion. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is a promising treatment option for rectal cancer patients with negative prognostic factors.
ChemInform Abstract: Antiparasitic Agents. Part 11. Synthesis and Anthelmintic Activity of 6‐/8‐((2‐Carbomethoxyamino)benzimidazole)‐5‐carbonylamino‐1‐ substituted‐9H‐pyrido(3,4‐b)indoles.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Post‐migratory local flights of Phorodon humuli Schrank winged migrants in a hop‐garden

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract On the margin of a 15 ha hop‐garden, 540 migrantes alatae of the hop aphid, Phorodon humuli , marked with radiophosphorus on a membrane, were released; these aphids had already finished their migration flight. Shortly after release and on two subsequent days, every fifth hop vine in each row of the hop garden was regularly subjected to radiometric measurement. Three to seven hours after the termination of release, a total of 5 radioactive aphids were detected on 5 hop vines at a distance of 49 to 149 m from the place of release, in the direction of a surface wind blowing at a speed of 2 m/s. In the second control, performed after 21–24 hrs, two of these aphids were found on the same leaf where the winged female had given birth to nymphs; one marked aphid had flown to the vine next in the row, and the two remaining were not detected. The result suggests that the migrantes alatae of P. humuli , having flown to hop, do not make further long flights but tend to settle and reproduce. Zusammenfassung Über lokale Post‐Migrations‐Flüge der Migrantes der Hopfenblattlaus Phorodon humuli Am Rande eines 15 ha großen Hopfengartens wurden 540 mit Radiophosphor markierte Migrantes alatae der Hopfenblattlaus Ph. humuli , die bereits ihren Migrationsflug hinter sich hatten, freigelassen. Kurz nach der Freilassung sowie an den 2 darauf folgenden Tagen wurde von allen Pflanzreihen jede 5. Hopfenranke einer radiometrischen Messung unterzogen. 3–7 h nach der Freilassung traten 5 radioaktive Blattläuse an 5 verschiedenen Hopfenranken in Entfernungen von 49–149 m von der Freilassungsstelle auf. Der Flug erfolgte mit der Luftbewegung (2 m/sec). Bei einer 2. Kontrolle, 21–24 h später, wurden 2 dieser 5 Blattläuse an derselben Ranke (48 u. 97 m) festgestellt, wo sie bereits Nymphen erzeugt hatten. Ein 3. Individuum war in der gleichen Hopfenreihe zur nächsten Ranke geflogen; die beiden anderen wurden nicht wiedergefunden. Diese Ergebnisse weisen darauf hin, daß die Migrantes alatae von Ph. humuli nach erfolgtem Flug zu einer Hopfenranke keine größeren Ortsveränderungen mehr vornehmen, sondern sich ansiedeln und vermehren.
Efficient disk-based K-means clustering for relational databases

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

K-means is one of the most popular clustering algorithms. We introduce an efficient disk-based implementation of K-means. The proposed algorithm is designed to work inside a relational database management system. It can cluster large data sets having very high dimensionality. In general, it only requires three scans over the data set. It is optimized to perform heavy disk I/O and its memory requirements are low. Its parameters are easy to set. An extensive experimental section evaluates quality of results and performance. The proposed algorithm is compared against the Standard K-means algorithm as well as the Scalable K-means algorithm.
Evidentiary means in feudal Transylvania. Ordeal By fire (holding a red-hot iron)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract One of the evidentiary means used in medieval legal procedure was the so-called judgment of God, judicium dei, also known as ordeal, from the Latin term ordalium. Ordeals were characteristic of all peoples in their various stages of development. They were based on the belief that divinity could intervene and perform miracles, disregarding the laws of nature, in order to prove one’s innocence. In the Middle Ages ordeals were widespread on the territory of Transylvania, too, the ordeal of fire being one of the most commonly used means of proof. In this paper I will try to show the characteristics of this evidence in relation to others that were used at that time, looking at them through the lenses of the documents of the time and of personal research.
Crime and colonisation in Australia’s Torres Strait Islands

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The overrepresentation of Indigenous Australians in the criminal justice system has been thoroughly documented over a number of decades. However, studies tend to adopt homogenising discourses that fail to acknowledge or deeply examine the diversity of Indigenous Australian experiences of crime, including across geographic and cultural contexts. This has prompted calls for a more thorough investigation of how experiences of crime differ across Australia’s Indigenous communities, including between remote Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities. This paper forms part of a larger study, examining crime and justice in the Torres Strait Region, situated off the far northern tip of the State of Queensland. Here, we examine and compare reported crime trends in the Torres Straits with those in Queensland’s remote Aboriginal communities and Queensland State on the whole. We then draw upon existing anthropological, historical and other literature to explore possible explanations for differences in these crime rates. We find that crime rates are generally lower in the Torres Strait Region and that the different historical experiences of colonisation and policing may provide a partial explanation for this, particularly through the lens of social disorganisation theory.
Aplastic Anemia Following Chloramphenicol Therapy Still Happens!

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

To the Editor.— Chloramphenicol is still the drug of choice for treatment of ampicillin-resistant Haemophilus influenzae b meningitis, brain abscess,1 Rocky Mountain spotted fever in severely ill patients and young children, and typhoid fever. Intravenous oral and intraocular routes of administration have been widely used. Smith and Webber2 have recently reviewed the pharmacology of chloramphenicol. Reversible erythroid suppression is dose related and more common in children. Genetic predisposition of the stem cell to inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis is thought to be the explanation for the "idiosyncratic" chloramphenicol-induced bone marrow aplasia, although Daum et al3 reported a probable dose-related case.
Robust Method to Identify Vehicleson Thermal Images at Night

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The research presents a robust method to categorize nighttime traffic by thermal images. The objective of the research is to identify and separate vehicles from unimportant thermal objects of nighttime traffic. Various thermal features of a vehicle comprising windscreen, engine heat and
elsewhere, are depicted as different intensities in each thermal image. Moreover, the relation between the three features can be illustrated as a semi-Gaussian statistical distribution of data, which differentiates one type of vehicle from another. To recognize a vehicle type, there are three
operating modules proposed in this research, comprising vehicle-thermal features detection, semi-Gaussian evaluation and decision, respectively. Initially, the detecting process finds a vehicle engine heat-feature by subtracting the road's intensity, selecting a suspected area to cover the vehicle's windscreen feature. Secondly, semi-Gaussian thermal distribution model is implemented to evaluate similarity between the suspected area and the model. Eventually, the
decision is made based on the similarity to confirm whether it is a vehicular type or not. Experimentally, using four types of vehicles consisting of a car, van, truck and thermal object, the accuracy of identifying is extremely high.
Adapting Visual Representation of ‘Harimau Malaya’ through Line Drawing Artwork for Widebody Aircraft Livery Design

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

An aircraft livery design comprises comprehensive insignia that include colour, visual, and typographic identifiers. Stagecoaches, railroad trains, and steamships all appeared, and the term "livery" came to refer to the interior design of these vehicles. Parts of airline liveries have become increasingly intertwined with ground transportation, advertising, exclusive airport furnishings, airline promotional materials, and aircrew uniforms since the 1950s. These features began to appear on airline websites in the 1990s. This collection of idealistic livery designs is influenced by many elements set in a specific aesthetic; typographic designers precisely specify it as a logotype. This research aims to describe how an artwork painting of a Harimau Malaya subject is styled and adapted as a visual representation for an aircraft livery design.
Australian hearing healthcare stakeholders’ experiences of and attitudes towards teleaudiology uptake: a qualitative study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This study aimed to explore the experiences of Australian-based hearing healthcare stakeholders' with using teleaudiology and their views on future teleaudiology uptake. Qualitative semi-structured interviews were conducted with 23 stakeholders (six clients, 10 clinicians, three students, two academics, and two industry partners). Six themes were generated: (1) Barriers to and facilitators of teleaudiology uptake, (2) Advantages and challenges of using teleaudiology, (3) Additional considerations when using teleaudiology, (4) Teleaudiology education at university, (5) Recent development in improving teleaudiology uptake, and (6) Attitudinal changes in post-pandemic teleaudiology uptake. Poor digital literacy and positive support received from other stakeholders were found to be the biggest barrier and facilitator, respectively. Additional considerations including the type of service offered and clear communication strategies were highlighted. Students and academics noted inadequate teleaudiology education at university, mainly due to a lack of infrastructure and equipment. Recent encouragement from management and improvement in university infrastructure were reported. Most participants were optimistic about post-pandemic teleaudiology uptake and expressed increased willingness to use teleaudiology over time. Generally positive attitudes towards future teleaudiology uptake were observed. Gradually increasing collaborative effort was seen in improving teleaudiology uptake, yet certain challenges and barriers need to be addressed to further promote teleaudiology uptake in post-pandemic times.