jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Impacts of Moisture Advection Scheme on Precipitation in the Steep Topography Region between the Tibetan Plateau and the Sichuan Basin

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Water vapor transport is a crucial process in modeling and can contribute to errors in precipitation forecasts. To investigate the sensitivity of precipitation to the moisture advection scheme, this study introduced the two-step shape-preserving advection scheme (TSPAS), which has been proven to improve precipitation simulation over steep topography at lower resolutions, into the Southwest Center Weather Research and Forecast (WRF)-based Intelligent Numerical Grid Forecast System (SWC-WINGS) at a convection-permitting resolution. According to experiments conducted throughout the summer of 2021, the precipitation over the eastern slope of the Tibetan Plateau (TP) is highly sensitive to the moisture advection scheme. TSPAS successfully improved precipitation over the eastern slope of the TP, especially for torrential rainfall. The fractions skill score (FSS) is improved by 0.075 (27.78%) for daily precipitation with a threshold of 100 mm. Compared with the experiment with the original WRF advection scheme, the TSPAS reduced the overestimation of precipitation in the topographic region and excessive water vapor transport in a low-level atmosphere. To understand the precipitation improvement contributed by the advection scheme, additional experiments were conducted for a particular precipitation process from two approaches: switching advection schemes during the rainfall evolution and updating the variables related to moisture advection individually. Results demonstrate that the precipitation improvement is mainly contributed by the moisture advection scheme before the precipitation. Among the different variables, the combination of wind and water vapor was the most influential factor causing the precipitation improvement under the TSPAS.
A natural genetic polymorphism affects retroactive interference inDrosophila melanogaster

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

As environments change, animals update their internal representations of the external world. New information about the environment is learned and retained whereas outdated information is disregarded or forgotten. Retroactive interference (RI) occurs when the retrieval of previously learned information is less available owing to the acquisition of recently acquired information. Even though RI is thought to be a major cause of forgetting, its functional significance is still under debate. We find that natural allelic variants of the Drosophila melanogaster foraging gene known to affect rover and sitter behaviour differ in RI. More specifically, rovers who were previously shown to experience greater environmental heterogeneity while foraging display RI whereas sitters do not. Rover responses are biased towards more recent learning events. These results provide an ecological context to investigate the function of forgetting via RI and a suitable genetic model organism to address the evolutionary relevance of cognitive tasks.
Electronic Information Security Model of Nonlinear Differential Equations

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The electronic information security model has the characteristics of nonlinearity and uncertainty. There will be great limitations if we use traditional mathematical theory for processing. Therefore, the paper proposes an electronic circuit information security simulation method utilizing nonlinear differential equations. The method uses a fractional reactance approximation circuit to build a nonlinear differential operator. The model modifies the circuit impedance function in electronic information security to form a transfer function. Then with the help of this function, we build the block diagram of nonlinear differential equation simulation. Experimental research shows that the algorithm proposed in this paper is simple, and the amount of data is small. At the same time, the experiment also verifies the correctness and effectiveness of the processing method.
Supplementary Data from Drug ratio–dependent antitumor activity of irinotecan and cisplatin combinations <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Supplementary Data from Drug ratio–dependent antitumor activity of irinotecan and cisplatin combinations <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>
Forced to Sell Early? Smallholder Farmers’ Access to Credit and Commodity Marketing Behaviour in Rural Ethiopia

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Large and predictable seasonal crop price variations in local markets offer African farmers substantial intertemporal arbitrage opportunities. But smallholder farmers are not commonly observed taking advantage of these arbitrage opportunities. In this paper, we study the effect of rural credit on shaping farmers’ commodity marketing behaviour as related to the timing of crop sales. Using a large dataset from Ethiopia and an instrumental variables (IV) approach, we find that households who accessed credit are more likely to sell their crops early at substantially depressed prices. Households pay a financial penalty for selling early, as they forego an expected 31% increase in crop revenues over three to six months. Our results highlight a hidden but potentially relevant cost of farmers’ participation in credit markets. Overall, current designs of rural credit products exacerbate the negative impacts of binding liquidity constraints and seasonal crop price cycles on poor households.
First achievement of Deep-UV LED on Si substrate

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Deep-ultraviolet (DUV) light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have a wide range of potential applications such as sterilization, water purification, medicine and biochemistry, white light illumination, and so on. DUV-LED fabricating using silicon substrate is attractive as a low-cost DUV light-source, in near future. However, the realization of the LED on the Si substrate which is shorter than 300 nm is not reported till now. Quaternary InAlGaN alloy is attracting attention as candidate material for realizing high-efficiency DUV LEDs due to In incorporation effects. In this study, the authors demonstrated 280 nm-band InAlGaN QW DUV LEDs on Si (111) substrates.
Automatic Design\nof Extractive Distillation Sequence\nfor a Multicomponent Azeotropic System

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The design of the distillation sequence for a multicomponent\nazeotrope\nsystem is often a difficult task depending on the residence curve\nmap and visual analysis, and a systematic approach to address this\nissue is currently not available. This work proposes a novel method\nfor the automatic design of the extractive distillation sequence.\nThe automatic screening of entrainers for the multicomponent azeotrope\nsystem and the short-cut selection criteria for distillation sequences\nare combined with the automatic generation algorithm system for extractive\ndistillation sequence selection, leading to the discovery of several\nmost economical extractive distillation sequences for a specified\nmulticomponent azeotropic system. The application of the proposed\nmethod is illustrated by two examples, a four-component system with\nfour azeotropes and a six-component system with four azeotropes. Compared\nto the traditional approach, this proposed approach is especially\nuseful for obtaining a promising extractive distillation sequence\nwhen multiple azeotropes exist in the system.
Microcirculation dynamics in systemic vasculitis: evidence of impaired microvascular response regardless of cardiovascular risk factors

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Objectives Systemic vasculitides (SVs) are a highly inflammatory group of diseases characterized by significant cardiovascular (CV) mortality. Microvascular damage closely linked with accelerated atherosclerosis and thrombosis represents a core pathophysiological mechanism contributing to the excess CV risk of patients with SVs. Skin represents an easily accessible tissue facilitating non-invasive microvascular study. In this study we aimed to investigate microcirculation dynamics and associate them with disease-related factors in patients with SVs. Methods We assessed skin microcirculation using laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI) and vascular reactivity by the post-occlusive reactive hyperaemia (PORH) protocol in a meticulously selected group of patients with SVs without CV disease and compared them to controls, matched for age, sex, BMI and smoking status. Results Sixty individuals were included in the study, 30 patients and 30 controls. Patients with SVs presented a lower peak magnitude during reperfusion phase (median [interquartile range] 207 [60.1] vs 143.7 [41.0] laser speckle perfusion units, P &lt; 0.001) and lower percentage cutaneous vascular conductance increase (mean (s.d.) 190.0 [49.6]% vs 149.6 [48.9]%, P = 0.002) as compared with controls. Importantly, microvascular damage was correlated with disease duration (P &lt; 0.001, r = −0.563 and P &lt; 0.001, r = 0.442, respectively). Conclusion For the first time we have shown that patients with SVs exhibit impaired microvascular function and blunted reactivity after occlusion, as this was demonstrated by the LSCI technique. Therefore, skin microcirculation may be a useful, non-invasive method in patients with SVs for the early detection of microvascular dysfunction, which is closely related to the high CV risk that these patients bear.
Violence and diplomacy in Lebanon: the troubled years, 1982-1988

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Political setting negotiating Israeli withdrawal in search of a consensus the withdrawal agreement from the May 17 agreement to Geneva the way to Lausanne a change of emphasis the road to the tripartite agreement elusive reforms between Washington and Damascus. Appendices: Main principles for solving the Lebanese crisis, 13 June 1987 agreement between the government of the Republic of Lebanon and the government of the state of Israel.
Aqueous Sodium Hydroxide Promoted Cross-Coupling Reactions of Alkenyltrialkoxysilanes under Ligand-Free Conditions

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Fluoride-free cross-coupling reactions of alkenyltrialkoxysilanes with aryl iodides, bromides, and chlorides are performed on water using sodium hydroxide as activator at 120 degrees C under normal or microwave heating. This process occurs in the presence of Pd(OAc)(2) or 4-hydroxyacetophenone oxime-derived palladacycle 1 as precatalysts under ligand-free conditions with low Pd loadings (0.01-1 mol %) and using tetra-n-butylammonium bromide as additive. Different commercially available vinylalkoxylsilanes can be cross-coupled under these reaction conditions to the corresponding styrenes, the best substrates being vinyltrimethoxy- or vinyltriethoxysilane. Alkenyltriethoxysilanes, prepared by Wilkinson-catalyzed hydrosilylation of alkynes with triethoxysilane, are stereospecifically arylated with aryl and vinyl halides under microwave irradiation in moderate to high beta/alpha regioselectivity affording unsymmetrical stilbenes, alkenylbenzenes, and conjugate dienes, respectively. This simple procedure allows the palladium recycling from the aqueous phase during three runs by extractive separation of the products, which contain very low levels of Pd (21-27.5 ppm for an aryl iodide and up to 76 ppm for a bromide).
Organizations at War in Afghanistan and Beyond by Abdulkader H. Sinno

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Journal Article Organizations at War in Afghanistan and Beyond by Abdulkader H. Sinno Get access Organizations at War in Afghanistan and Beyond by Abdulkader H. Sinno. Ithaca, NY, Cornell University Press, 2008. 336 pp. $39.95. Kimberly Marten Kimberly Marten Columbia University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Political Science Quarterly, Volume 123, Issue 4, Winter 2008, Pages 678–679, https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1538-165X.2008.tb01808.x Published: 25 March 2013
Teachers\' grading patterns and student learning: evidence from São Paulo state public schools

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

\n We propose a new method for measuring teacher grading standards that is based on the Item Response Theory framework, and investigate the relationship between teacher grading standards and student learning in São Paulo State public schools in light of this new approach. We simulate a policy in which student achievement in a standardized examination (Saresp) is used as the passing grade criterion, setting a unique grading standard for each grade and subject that would substitute the current teacher-defined grading. We estimate the optimal standards that maximize student achievement under this policy, and compare them with the standards estimated for each individual teacher. Our estimates indicate that teachers currently apply standards that are, on average, more lenient than the optimal policy standards\n
Lower Wadi al Hilo LV11 Petroglyph, Sharjah

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Unusual motifs. Shields, Humans with weapons, perhaps domesticated animals. Still under investigation. Lower Wadi al Hilo Main Glyph Panel, Sharjah. Located in a lower wadi side valley filled with petroglyphs. LV11 Wadi Helo (Arabic: وادي حلو, literally 'Sweet wadi') is a seasonal watercourse located in the Hajar Mountains of Sharjah, in the United Arab Emirates. There are remains of a massive 19th century village, as well as houses and features dating from the Neolithic to the Islamic Period. The site is important for both the extensive water course, and for the rich copper deposits that were mined for over 8000 years. Numerous petroglyphs are found along the edge of the wadi. 3D model made in RealityCapture using 906 drone and terrestrial images. Additional processing completed in Geomagic Wrap, InstantMeshes, Substance Designer, and Blender. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Recombinant DNA Technology: A Short Communication

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

biotechnology [3,4,5].In the field of medicine, it has resulted in development of newer antibiotics, vaccines for various diseases such as cancer, AIDS, hereditary diseases such as Huntington's chorea etc. Biotechnology is also being applied in the area of pollution control, mining and energy production (biofuel production).Genetically engineered micro-organism and plants are used to clean up toxic wastes from industrial effluents and oil spills.
The food poverty challenge: comparing food assistance across EU countries. A Transformative Social Innovation perspective

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Most people in EU are food secure, but there are socio economic groups that struggle with poverty and health, making them vulnerable to food insecurity and in recent years there has been an increase in people needing food assistance in Europe. As the literature portrays, the position of food assistance in the food system is a contested one. On the one hand, critics describe it as a failure of the state, while others see it as an extension of the welfare state. Responsive policies are hindered by the lack of a universally agreed definition of food poverty, which remains in general peripheral to the work of most policy makers. There is need for an enhanced understanding of the role of food assistance initiatives in the wider welfare landscape of high income countries. This paper departs from the belief that a bottom-up approach is needed to understand the complexity of food assistance mechanisms and that no “one fits all” positions and solutions are helpful in this regard. The aim of this paper is to compare how different approaches to food assistance across Europe contribute to food and nutrition security change, focussing on case studies in Italy, the Netherlands and Ireland. By adopting a Transformative Social Innovation perspective, this comparison sheds light on differences, cross-cutting issues and suggest possible avenues for pursuing better food and nutrition security in Europe. The three case-studies were analysed by comparing them on the level of social innovation, system innovation, game-changers and narratives of changes and allowed us to theorize the transformative capacity of these food assistance initiatives. It concludes that the three diverse cases of food assistance initiatives should not be seen in isolation from the more complex food system. Some of the emerging practices aim, in different ways and contexts, to reshape food assistance capacity and as such contribute to food and nutrition security. As such, the contribution of such initiatives to transformative change in food poverty is difficult to pin down, as it is a multi-layered phenomenon that interacts with many other societal systems.
Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer health-related educational experiences in undergraduate medical curricula among Thai medical schools (LEAD-IN)

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Although some Thai medical schools have begun to incorporate LGBTQ health into their curricula, the approach does not fully address the actual health issues faced by LGBTQ individuals. Future teaching should emphasize fostering positive attitudes towards LGBTQ people and enhancing communication skills, rather than focusing solely on the cognitive aspects of terminology. Importantly, medical educators should serve as role models in providing competent and compassionate care for LGBTQ patients.
LHD 4O-BC02-R01 #183667.2 (analyzed)

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Luminance data of the plasma monitor camera. Time variation of the average and maximum luminance within the ROI (Region of Interests) of the plasma images observed by the 4-O port camera, where ROI is (920,230) - (982,304) of the original image of 1920x1080. The luminance value is between 0 and 255 in arbitrary unit.
Effects of Autumn Treatment with a Mixture of Gibberellin and Prohydrojasmon Spray and Postharvest Blue LED Irradiation on Fruit Decay in Satsuma Mandarin Fruit

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ウンシュウミカン果実において，秋季のプロヒドロジャスモン加用ジベレリン（以下，GP）散布と収穫後の青色LED光照射が貯蔵中の腐敗に及ぼす影響について調査した．ジベレリン3.3ppmとプロヒドロジャスモン25ppmを混合して，9月に散布し，12月に果実を収穫し，予措を行った後に8°C貯蔵庫にて92日間貯蔵した．貯蔵中，青色LED光（ピーク波長465nm，放射照度10μmol·m-2·s-1）を果実に照射した（照射時間 : 1日当たり12時間）．その結果，青色LED光照射により試験開始63∼92日目の累積腐敗果率が，低く推移することが明らかとなった．また，GP散布のみでは，累積腐敗果率に対する抑制効果が，認められなかった．GP散布と収穫後青色LED光照射の両方を行った果実は，収穫後の滴定酸含量が高い傾向にあったが，糖度についてはこれらの処理による差は認められなかった．以上の結果から，カンキツ貯蔵庫における収穫後の青色LED光照射は，貯蔵後期のウンシュウミカン果実の貯蔵病害を中心とした腐敗を抑制するが，上記濃度におけるGP散布のみでは腐敗抑制に寄与せず，青色LED光との交互作用も小さいことが示唆された．
The National Museum of African American History and Culture: The Vision

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

One challenge many museums cite is unintentional exclusion. There is too much power and respect that museums hold to be exclusive – intentionally or unintentionally. From the outset, the National Museum of African American History and Culture has been a place for everyone. Inclusion is built in its mission and vision. This article discusses how this became central to the museum, challenges that were faced in accomplishing this, and how it is put into practice through education.
Extracellular superoxide dismutase promotes pancreatic cancer liver metastasis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Hrabe, Jennifer E. MD; Case, Adam J. PhD; O'Leary, Brianne R. PhD; Place, Trenton L. BA; Olivier, Alicia K. DVM, PhD; Henry, Michael D. PhD; Domann, Frederick E. PhD; Mezhir, James J. MD Author Information
Topically acquired bacterial zoonoses from fish: a review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The main pathogens acquired topically from fish (through spine puncture or open wounds) are Aeromonas hydrophila, Edwardsiella tarda, Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, Mycobacterium marinum, Streptococcus iniae, Vibrio vulnificus and Vibrio damsela. S. iniae has recently emerged as a public health hazard associated with aquaculture, and M. marinum often infects home aquarium hobbyists. With the expansion of aquaculture and popularity of recreational fishing in Australia, medical practitioners can expect to see more infections of this nature. Diagnosis and treatment may be difficult, especially in view of emerging antibiotic resistance in fish pathogens.
Expression in Pichia pastoris of Thermostable Endo-1,4-β-xylanase from the Actinobacterium Nocardiopsis halotolerans: Properties and Use for Saccharification of Xylan-Containing Products

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

A gene encoding a polysaccharide-degrading enzyme was cloned from the genome of the bacterium Nocardiopsis halotolerans. Analysis of the amino acid sequence of the protein showed the presence of the catalytic domain of the endo-1,4-β-xylanases of the GH11 family. The gene was amplified by PCR and ligated into the pPic9m vector. A recombinant producer based on Pichia pastoria was obtained. The production of the enzyme, which we called NhX1, was carried out in a 10 L fermenter. Enzyme production was 10.4 g/L with an activity of 927 U/mL. Purification of NhX1 was carried out using Ni-NTA affinity chromatography. The purified enzyme catalyzed the hydrolysis of xylan but not other polysaccharides. Endo-1,4-β-xylanase NhX1 showed maximum activity and stability at pH 6.0–7.0. The enzyme showed high thermal stability, remaining active at 90 °C for 20 min. With beechwood xylan, the enzyme showed Km 2.16 mg/mL and Vmax 96.3 U/mg. The products of xylan hydrolysis under the action of NhX1 were xylobiose, xylotriose, xylopentaose, and xylohexaose. Endo-1,4-β-xylanase NhX1 effectively saccharified xylan-containing products used for the production of animal feed. The xylanase described herein is a thermostable enzyme with biotechnological potential produced in large quantities by P. pastoria.
Functional results and return to sports on recurrent anterior glenohumeral instability. Influence of the COVID-19 pandemic; Comparative retrospective study and short-term results

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aims Our objective is to compare the functional results in patients that underwent surgery for recurrent anterior shoulder instability (RAGHI) during the COVID-19 pandemic with remotely-based rehabilitation, to those who had surgery before the pandemic and had in-person rehabilitation therapy. Methods A retrospective case series of 68 patients were included and divided into two groups: In person-group and Home-based group. Western Ontario Shoulder Instability Index (WOSI) and Subjective Shoulder Value (SSV) scores were used to evaluate objective and subjective clinical parameters. Time and level of return to sports was studied by the Subjective Patient Outcome for Return to Sports (SPORTS) score. Results The mean SSV score was 82% (40–100) on the In-Person group compared with 87% (65–100) for the Home-Based group. Results for WOSI score were similar, with an average of 210.42 (90%) for In-Person and 261.45 (88%) for the Home-Based group ( p 0.12). Return to sports was carried out in an average of 6.6 (4–16) months for In-Person group, compared to 6.5 (5–8) months for Home-Based. Conclusion Follow-up and rehabilitation methods for patients who underwent surgery for RAGHI, during COVID-19 lockdown, were not significantly ( p 0.12) affected on functional and athletic return in comparison to traditional methods according to WOSI scale. Level of evidence IV Retrospective series of cases