jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Extending internalization theory: Integrating international business strategy with international management

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Abstract Research summary International business strategy and international management are two distinct but related fields of study. This article explores the connections between them. It shows how internalization theory can act as a bridge between them. The key is to analyze not only core activities, such as production, marketing and R&D, but support services such as human resource management, information technology, and corporate finance. Internalization decisions and location decisions must be analyzed holistically, and diagrammatic techniques show how this can be done. These diagrams reveal the networks of communication and the hierarchical structures that emerge from such decisions. Managerial summary The organizational structure of a multinational enterprise is inherently complex, making it difficult to determine whether one organizational structure is more efficient than another. Delayering, decentralization, and agility are recommended, but what are their practical implications? Internalization theory addresses these problems in a simple and coherent way. It shows that it is not only core activities, namely production, marketing and R&D, that need to be coordinated, but support services too. Decisions on the location and out‐sourcing of support services must be aligned with similar decisions on core activities. A diagrammatic analysis is presented that facilitates the solution of these problems.
The Classical Republicans: An Essay in the Recovery of a Pattern of Thought in Seventeenth Century England by Zera S. Fink

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Research Article| January 01 1946 The Classical Republicans: An Essay in the Recovery of a Pattern of Thought in Seventeenth Century England by Zera S. Fink The Classical Republicans: An Essay in the Recovery of a Pattern of Thought in Seventeenth Century England. By Fink, Zera S.. Evanston: Northwestern University, 1945. Pp. xi, 225. $4.00. David Harris Willson David Harris Willson Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google South Atlantic Quarterly (1946) 45 (1): 119–120. https://doi.org/10.1215/00382876-45-1-119 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Permissions Search Site Citation David Harris Willson; The Classical Republicans: An Essay in the Recovery of a Pattern of Thought in Seventeenth Century England by Zera S. Fink. South Atlantic Quarterly 1 January 1946; 45 (1): 119–120. doi: https://doi.org/10.1215/00382876-45-1-119 Download citation file: Zotero Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search Books & JournalsAll JournalsSouth Atlantic Quarterly Search Advanced Search The text of this article is only available as a PDF. Copyright © 1946 by Duke University Press1946 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Personal attributes, family influences, entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurship inclination among university students

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This paper investigates the factors associated with entrepreneurial inclination among undergraduate students in Malaysian universities. Among others, the influences of personal attributes, family and peer, and entrepreneurship education on the students' inclination towards entrepreneurship are examined. Self-administered questionnaires were distributed to accounting students at three public universities in Klang Valley. About 178 questionnaires were completed and were found to be usable for the purpose of the study. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis and t-tests were employed to analyse the data. Generally, the results of the study indicate that the respondents have a positive inclination towards entrepreneurship. The hierarchical regression results show that personal characteristics, family influence, entrepreneurial education have positive and significant influence on the students' intention to be entrepreneurs when the variables are added into the equation. However, gender is not an important factor in influencing the students to choose entrepreneurship as their future career pathway.
The ideas of Greek high school students about the “ozone layer”

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Greek high school students between the ages of 11 and 16 have been questioned about their perception of the ozone layer. In particular, they were asked what and where they think it is, what it does, what will damage it, and what might be the result of any further damage. The ideas of 1161 students were investigated using a closed-form questionnaire which had been devised after interviews with a smaller group. This questionnaire was used previously in a study involving over 1700 students in the UK. From the results of the present study, it appears that Greek high school students have a good understanding of the position and purpose of the ozone layer in terms of protection from harmful ultraviolet rays, but some also think that it helps keep the world warm or protects it from acid rain. Students seem aware that the ozone layer is in danger, and they believe that many varied forms of pollution are the cause. It seems well known that further depletion might cause an increase in skin cancers and eye cataracts, although students assumed strong, erroneous, links with the greenhouse effect and other forms of local pollution, particularly those associated with illness and disease. The results of the factor analysis, which explores themes in student thinking, would appear to be consistent with a previous hypothesis that objects acquire their meaning from the actions we apply or attribute to them. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Sci Ed 83:724–737, 1999.
Analysis of Factors Affecting Islamic Performance of Nurses in Central Surgery Installation of Sultan Agung Islamic Hospital

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Islamic performance of nurses in the Central Surgical Installation (CSI) Sultan Agung Islamic Hospital (SAIH) is one of the important aspects in assessing performance as a sharia hospital. This study aims to determine the relationship between leadership, job design, supervision, motivation, personal values of religiosity, personal values of spirituality and job satisfaction on the Islamic performance of CSI SAIH nurses. The research method used is observational with a cross-sectional design. The sample used is a nurse implementing CSI SAIH with saturated sampling. The research was analyzed by a bivariate test with chi-square and multivariate logistic regression test. The results of this study showed that there was a significant relationship between leadership (OR 4.898 p=0.026), job design (OR 2.494 p=0.231) supervision (OR 18.909 p=0.002), motivation (OR 2.571 p = 0.234), personal religiosity (OR 4.333 p = 0.041), personal spirituality value (OR 5.455 p = 0.023), job satisfaction (OR 7.292 p = 0.022) on the Islamic performance of nurses. Multivariate analysis obtained supervision variable (OR 26,351 p=0,009) and personal spiritual value (OR 7,519 p=0,019). The variables of leadership, supervision, personal values of religiosity, pe rsonal values of spirituality and job satisfaction have an effect on Islamic performance. The supervision variable is the most influential variable on Islamic performance . Abstrak: Kinerja islami perawat Instalasi Bedah Sentral (IBS) Rumah Sakit Islam Sultan Agung (RSISA) merupakan salah satu aspek penting dalam penilaian kinerja sebagai rumah sakit syariah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara kepemimpinan, desain pekerjaan, supervisi, motivasi, nilai pribadi religusitas, nilai pribadi spiritualitas dan kepuasan kerja terhadap kinerja islami perawat IBS RSISA. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah observasional dengan desain cross sectional. Sampel yang digunakan adalah perawat pelaksana IBS RSISA dengan pengambilan sampel jenuh. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan adalah dengan kuesioner yang akan diolah dan dianalisis dengan uji bivariat dengan chi square dan multivariat dengan uji regresi logistik. Hasil penelitian ini didapatkan ada hubungan yang bermakna antara kepemimpinan (OR 4,898, p=0,026), desain pekerjaan (OR 2,494, p=0,231) supervisi (OR 18,909, p=0,002), motivasi (OR 2,571, p = 0,234), nilai pribadi religiusitas (OR 4,333, p=0,041), nilai pribadi spiritualitas (OR 5,455, p=0,023), kepuasan kerja (OR 7,292, p=0,022) terhadap kinerja islami perawat. Analisis multivariat didapatkan variabel supervisi (OR 26,351, p=0,009) dan nilai pribadi spiritual (OR 7,519, p=0,019). Variabel kepemimpinan, supervisi, nilai pribadi religiusitas, nilai pribadi spiritualitas serta kepuasan kerja berpengaruh terhadap kinerja islami. Variabel supervisi merupakan variabel yang paling berpengaruh terhadap kinerja islami.
Resilience, spirituality, family and psychoeducation, essential scaffolding for emergencies, and industrial safety

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Whenever we hear a siren we see (mostly with indifference) an emergency vehicle (ambulance, fire brigade, patrol car) moving at full speed and questions rarely cross our minds about who they are, what knowledge they have…. And less, much less do we wonder what leads them to dedicate themselves to that. In this chapter we intend to answer this last question by portraying the emergency physician (professional dedicated to prehospital care, firefighter, rescuer, etc.) as an individual with desires, dreams and desires in which, surely in several cases his claim to be part of a The emergency group was born in his childhood or secondary youth derived from courage, love and life experiences that the family as a moral guide has prosecuted the emotions, knowledge and feelings seeking, thus demonstrating the importance of resilience, spirituality, the support of the family and the modification of actions and ways of thinking as a result of the imponderables of life (psychoeducation) to face (resilience) the adversities that concatenated everything through love for humanity, leads them to dedicate themselves to the services of emergency and safety.
Antioxidant activity of extract from gamma irradiated guava (Psidium guajava L.) seeds

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The objective this study was to study the antioxidant activity efficiency of extracts from irradiated defatted guava ( Psidium guajava L.) seeds at dose levels of 0, 2, 4 and 6 kGy. The non-irradiated and irradiated defatted guava seeds samples were extracted with acetone: water: acetic acid (90:9.5:0.5). Immediately after irradiation, the antioxidant activity was studied. Gas chromatographic-Mass spectrum was applied to identify and quantify the constituents (%) of extracts and the amino acids composition was determined in all samples under investigation of defatted guava seeds powder. The measurements of the antioxidant activity, using a ?-carotene-linoleate model system and radical scavenging capacity effect on 2, 2-diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, was determined in the extracts of non-irradiated and irradiated defatted guava seeds powder. Meanwhile, noodles (homemade strips macaroni) were prepared from blends of 72% wheat flour containing 0, 2.5, 5 and 7.5% levels of non-irradiated defatted guava seeds powder. The results showed that samples of extracts from non-irradiated and irradiated defatted guava seeds had contained a considerable total polyphenolic compounds and marked scavenging activity on DPHH radical. On the other hand , the gas chromatography (GC) and mass spectroscopy (MS) separation technique led to identification of 26 components the of extract non-irradiated and irradiated samples. Also, the data revealed that guava seeds powder samples under investigation passes the most important essential amino acids and for human health such as trace elements iron, zinc and manganese. Noodles prepared from 2.5% level of guava seeds powder-wheat flour blend had high acceptable quality. Thus, guava seeds, a waste from guava industry can be utilized improved nutritional properties of noodles or used its extracts as natural antioxidant in food industry field. Key words: Guava Seeds/ Antioxidant/ Extract/ Gamma irradiation.
Degradation of Insulin in Perfused Liver and Skeletal Muscle and Insulin Secretion in Perfused Pancreas of Liver Injury Rat

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

To study the mechanism of hyperinsulinism and glucose intolerance in liver disease, insulin removal rate by liver and muscle, glucose uptake by muscle and insulin secretion from pancreas were measured using the perfusion in rats with injured liver induced by carbon tetrachloride (liver injury rat). In the perfused liver, insulin removal rate of liver injury rat decreased to 62% of that of normal rat, but it did not alter in the perfused muscle. Insulin response to arginine by the perfused pancreas of liver injury rat was similar to that of normal rat. Before insulin infusion, glucose uptake by the perfused muscle was similar in liver injury rat and normal rat. In contrast, during insulin infusion, glucose uptake by the perfused muscle was 1.5 times higher in liver injury rat than in normal rat. These results suggested that the peripheral hyperinsulinism was solely due to decreased hepatic insulin degradation, but not hypersecretion of insulin from pancreas and furthermore, might suggest that the insulin resistance was related to appearance of biologically inactive endogenous insulin, because of exogenous insulin completely acting on peripheral target tissue.
Clinical Evaluation of a New Device to Measure Maximum Bite Force

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Background: Measurement of masticatory force has long been used to understand the biomechanics of chewing and assess the therapeutic effects of prostheses. This study aimed to design, fabricate and use a simple, portable and efficient electric circuit to reliably and reproducibly measure the masticatory load. Also, the results obtained by using this device were compared in a small population.
Methods: Using a standard pressure-sensitive sensor, an electrical circuit was designed and fabricated. After ensuring the function of device with minimum error, the masticatory loads of 100 subjects selected via non-random sampling, were measured and recorded at the right and left posterior regions, anterior regions of both jaws and the right and left quadrants of the maxilla and mandible. Data were analyzed using SPSS 16 and analytical and descriptive statistical tests.
Results: Significant correlations were found between 1. Males and females in terms of the mean masticatory force 2. Bilateral masticatory force and unilateral masticatory force (right and left) and 3. Masticatory load at the posterior regions and the masticatory force at the anterior regions of both jaws Comparison of the masticatory force among different groups in terms of craniofacial morphology revealed no significant differences.
Conclusion: The designed device had adequate accuracy. It has unique properties such as an external sensor, which is replaceable and can be disinfected and also a digital port. It has the ability to measure maximum and sub-maximum masticatory loads and the possibility to depict them in a graph.
A simple, one‐tube assay for the simultaneous detection and diagnosis of ten Australian poultry Eimeria

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Coccidiosis is a costly worldwide enteric disease of chickens caused by parasites of the genus E imeria . At present, there are seven described species that occur globally and a further three undescribed, operational taxonomic units ( OTU s X , Y , and Z ) that are known to infect chickens from A ustralia. Species of E imeria have both overlapping morphology and pathology and frequently occur as mixed‐species infections. This makes definitive diagnosis with currently available tests difficult and, to date, there is no test for the detection of the three OTU s. This paper describes the development of a PCR ‐based assay that is capable of detecting all ten species of E imeria , including OTU s X , Y , and Z in field samples. The assay is based on a single set of generic primers that amplifies a single diagnostic fragment from the mitochondrial genome of each species. This one‐tube assay is simple, low‐cost, and has the capacity to be high throughput. It will therefore be of great benefit to the poultry industry for E imeria detection and control, and the confirmation of identity and purity of vaccine strains.
Empowering Yourself: Sport, Sexuality and Autoeroticism in North Indian Jori Swinging

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In The Mythology of Sex Sarah Dening argues that the Hebrew prohibition against eating the ‘sinew of the hip which is upon the hollow of the thigh’ should be understood symbolically as a prohibition against the practice common among neighboring tribes whereby a new king would eat the penis of his predecessor in order to imbibe his power and authority. Dening and others point out that the ‘thigh’ was a biblical euphemism for the penis and that the penis was clearly associated with the power to rule and proclaim the truth. In the Genesis story God wrestles with Jacob and ‘touches the hollow of his thigh’.With this almighty ‘goose’ God metaphorically ‘eats Jacobs penis’ thus setting in place the rationale for the dietary prohibition, making himself the King of Kings, the one true God. In this myth sex, sacredness, power and sportive competition are linked together both figuratively and literally. The homoerotics of touching if not actually eating penises is also evident. Homoerotics are most clearly reflected in the classical Greek gymnasium, an institution that can arguably be held accountable for putting ‘civilization’ in modern Western history. Gymnasiums in Athens were places where men went to become men and develop themselves into citizens of the city state. For Plato and Aristotle they were institutions of embodied knowledge, to an extent that tends to get forgotten in the disembodied philosophical abstractions of the modern intellectual academy, where departments of philosophy and physical education are decidedly separate and unequal.
AI derived myocardial left ventricular volumes outperforms clinician segmentation for prediction of all-cause mortality

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Measuring heart structure and function drives much cardiac decision making and therapy. Precise quantification is therefore of high importance, but manual (clinician) segmentation introduces measurement variability. Purpose Automated segmentation of cardiac MRI (CMR) left ventricular (LV) volumes provides improved precision but how this translates into clinical outcomes has yet to be defined. In order to test predictive accuracy in a wide range of adverse LV morphologies, we applied AI LV segmentation to patients with coronary disease or cardiomyopathy. Methods Scans were analysed from a retrospective clinical CMR database and mortality data was obtained from a national database. Clinician measurement of indexed LV end-diastolic volume (LVEDVi), LV mass (LVMi), myocardial contraction fraction (MCF: ratio of stroke volume to myocardial volume; a measure of myocardial efficiency) and EF were recorded from clinical reports (all senior clinicians with &gt;5 years level 3 experience) and compared to AI measurement using a segmentation algorithm. This has previously been shown to exceed human precision and required no manual correction (1,2). Random survival forests were built to identify overall predictive value of AI vs clinician derived LV volumes. These are machine-learning algorithms for predicting time-to-event outcomes and can capture complex relationships between predictors and outcome. Random survival forests were built from AI and clinician models with EF, EDVi, LVMi and MCF as predictors for all-cause mortality. A train:test (80:20) split, stratified for outcome was employed. Concordance (C)-indices (measuring predictive accuracy) and permutation importances (measuring significance of each predictor within the model) (Table) with 1000 bootstrapped 95% confidence intervals and p-values were derived. Results 8,299 patients were analysed. Patients were 60(51-70) years old and 37% female. 49% had coronary disease, 25% had DCM and 19% had HCM. At a median follow-up of 5.3 years (IQR 4.2-6.6 years) there were 1,384 deaths (17%). AI derived LV-parameter models had higher predictive accuracy than clinician derived models (C-Indices: 0.66±0.002 vs 0.65±0.005, p&lt;0.001). A subgroup analysis of patients undergoing ischaemia testing for coronary disease was performed (n=3,560) and markers of ischaemia (positive vs negative) and infarction (non-viable vs viable) were included in the models. AI had a higher predictive accuracy compared to clinicians when including these additional predictors (C-Indices: 0.68±0.03 vs 0.63±0.01, p&lt;0.001). Conclusion AI derived LV volumes outperforms clinicians in prediction of all-cause mortality reflecting improved precision. Improvements in predictive accuracy are likely to be clinically important when applied to populations and high-risk groups. Manual clinician segmentation should be superseded by clinician-supervised AI.
Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases BioMed Central Review Multiple osteochondromas

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Multiple osteochondromas (MO) is characterised by development of two or more cartilage capped bony outgrowths (osteochondromas) of the long bones. The prevalence is estimated at 1:50,000, and it seems to be higher in males (male-to-female ratio 1.5:1). Osteochondromas develop and increase in size in the first decade of life, ceasing to grow when the growth plates close at puberty. They are pedunculated or sessile (broad base) and can vary widely in size. The number of osteochondromas may vary significantly within and between families, the mean number of locations is 15–18. The majority are asymptomatic and located in bones that develop from cartilage, especially the long bones of the extremities, predominantly around the knee. The facial bones are not affected. Osteochondromas may cause pain, functional problems and deformities, especially of the forearm, that may be reason for surgical removal. The most important complication is malignant transformation of osteochondroma towards secondary peripheral chondrosarcoma, which is estimated to occur in 0.5–5%. MO is an autosomal dominant disorder and is genetically heterogeneous. In almost 90 % of MO patients germline mutations in the tumour suppressor genes