jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Electron-phonon coupling in quasi free-standing graphene

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Quasi free-standing monolayer graphene can be produced by intercalating species like oxygen or hydrogen between epitaxial graphene and the substrate crystal. If the graphene is indeed decoupled from the substrate, one would expect the observation of a similar electronic dispersion and many-body effects, irrespective of the substrate and the material used to achieve the decoupling. Here we investigate the electron-phonon coupling in two different types of quasi free-standing monolayer graphene: decoupled from SiC via hydrogen intercalation and decoupled from Ir via oxygen intercalation. Both systems show a similar overall behaviour of the self-energy and a weak renormalization of the bands near the Fermi energy. The electron-phonon coupling is found to be sufficiently weak to make the precise determination of the coupling constant lambda through renormalization difficult. The estimated value of lambda is 0.05(3) for both systems.
Nanotechnology Approaches for Enhanced CNS Drug Delivery in the Management of Schizophrenia

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Schizophrenia is a neuropsychiatric disorder mainly affecting the central nervous system (CNS), presented with auditory and visual hallucinations, delusion and withdrawal from society. Abnormal dopamine levels mainly characterise the disease; various theories of neurotransmitters explain the pathophysiology of the disease. The current therapeutic approach deals with the systemic administration of drugs other than the enteral route, altering the neurotransmitter levels within the brain and providing symptomatic relief. Fluid biomarkers help in the early detection of the disease, which would improve the therapeutic efficacy. However, the major challenge faced in CNS drug delivery is the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Nanotherapeutic approaches may overcome these limitations, which will improve safety, efficacy, and targeted drug delivery. This review article addresses the main challenges faced in CNS drug delivery and the significance of current therapeutic strategies and nanotherapeutic approaches for a better understanding and enhanced drug delivery to the brain, which improve the quality of life of schizophrenia patients.
Prospective study of correlation of pain and radiological feature of OA knee

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aim of study was to assess the relationship between disability and defining features of osteoarthritis knee (Radiological findings and pain) To identify predictors of disability in patients where radiological evidence of deformity and pain occurs differentially. Material and Method: This Study is conducted in Department of Orthopaedics, Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose Medical College & Hospital, Jabalpur (M.P.) India from 1st March 2015 to 30th September 2016. This Prospective study between OA knee pain and radiological correlation is done on 300 subjects (396 knees). Patients with Chronic knee pain (>3 months), Age between 40 – 80 years, Nontraumatic knee pain, Non - radicular knee pain, Deformity (Varus & Valgus deformity
A Rare Case of Primary Meningococcal Myopericarditis in a 71-Year-Old Male

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We describe a case of primary meningococcal C pericarditis with myocardial involvement in a 71-year-old male that is thus far the oldest patient with isolated meningococcal pericardial disease and only the third patient with primary meningococcal myopericarditis described in English literature. Our patient was successfully treated by full sternotomy and surgical drainage combined with intravenous ceftriaxone. Mild symptoms unresponsive to anti-inflammatory treatment and leukocytosis may guide clinicians towards the correct diagnosis. It is important to recognize this cause of pericarditis as the relatively mild clinical presentation may rapidly progress into tamponade and right-sided heart failure.
Investigating the Impact of Using Manipulatives on Grade 5 Jamaican Students’ Mathematics Achievement: An Action Research

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This research investigated the impact of using manipulatives on 56 Grade 5 students’ (27 male, 29 female; age 10-11 years) mathematics achievement. A quasi experimental, action research design was utilized in which the experimental group was taught selected topics from the Number strand using manipulatives during a 3-week intervention, while the control group’s instruction did not include the use of manipulatives. Data were collected using a pre- and post-test and analysed using descriptive statistics and a Mann-Whitney U test. This analysis revealed that there was a statistically significant difference in the post-test performance of the two groups in favour of the experimental group. The effect size (r = .3) for this data was moderate. A significant difference was also found between the boys’ and girls’ post-test mathematics scores in the experimental group, with the girls outperforming the boys. A key implication of these findings is that since manipulatives were effective in significantly improving student achievement, its use could be extended and investigated further for other grade levels and mathematical topics. Strategies could also be adopted to address the disparity in performance based on gender in the sample.
Stochastic models for ordinal panel data with individual and time-varying latent effects

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We illustrate a model based approach for clustering when we deal with longitudinal data. The model formulation is specifically tailored when we deal with a continuous variable which is properly discretized so that a univariate ordinal response variable results. We show how to estimates the effects of interest by means of a suitable parameterization based on global logits as well as to group units by considering the unobserved heterogeneity among them. According to the chosen distribution for the latter an hidden Markov model or a mixture of auto-regressive process AR(1) results. The model estimation is carried out by means of the expectation-maximization algorithm and the Newton-Raphson algorithm. Standard errors are obtained by using the observed information matrix. A way to obtain reliable individual prediction is illustrated. We also show an application to real data.
Someveterinary aspects oftheeradication ofbrucellosis

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Summary Anoutline isgiven ofsomecriteria which mustbemet fortheeradication ofbrucellosis inthis country. The incidence ofthis zoonosis andthefinancial lossit causes areconsidered, along withtheultimate benefits tobederived bythefarming industry andpublic health fromitseventual eradication. Diagnostic tests, vaccination policy, financial incentives, educational methods, thequestion ofnotification, andthenecessity forfull collaboration between the medical andveterinary professions arediscussed in relation totheproblem asawhole. Thedebates intheHouseofCommonsandthe HouseofLords arementioned ashistoric landmarks inthecampaign against brucellosis inthis country, andtheprogress ofthepresent eradication scheme is summarized. INorder toeradicate ananimal disease, particularly brucellosis, whichissodifficult tocopewith, certain criteria mustbemet: (1)Prospective benefit fromeradication mustbe shownforthecountry asawhole. (2)Theoverall incidence ofthedisease mustbe
Perceived Depth Assessment from Noised Stereo Images

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

3D video has been widely studied in recent years from a technical point of view, but the related quality assessment does not follow this enthusiasm. The aim of the paper is to explore the impact of 2D image quality on perceived stereo depth sense. Original left and right images are impaired by additive salt and pepper noise with different noise density. Subjective depth sense evaluation is performed based on common LCD monitor of PC with the red/green glasses. Assessment criteria and procedure are proposed for perceived depth evaluation. Experimental results reveal the relationship between image PSNR value and the perceived depth.
Personalised medicine for hypertension

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Measuring plasma renin could refine the treatment of resistant hypertension

The two broad reasons for tailoring antihypertensive treatment are that susceptibility to complications from treatment varies between people and hypertension has a variety of causes. It is well known that people with asthma should avoid β blockers and that men should avoid higher doses of spironolactone (because of gynaecomastia); the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) will soon be recommending diuretics over calcium blockade in the very elderly (>80 years) because of superior efficacy in preventing heart failure.1

More interesting but more challenging is whether treatment can be tailored to the pathogenesis of hypertension in individual patients. Hypertension has multiple causes, so treating all patients the same way is as illogical as it would be to treat all cases of anaemia with vitamin B12 or all cases of pneumonia with penicillin. Recent prospective randomised trials and post-hoc analyses of earlier trials and accompanying editorials provide the evidence and impetus needed to implement plasma renin measurement as the “bacteriology” of hypertension.2 3 4 5

Although the early promise of genetic studies in hypertension and the availability of multiple distinct classes of effective drugs first prompted the exploration of individual variation in response, practical pharmacogenetics in hypertension now seems far off. Of 29 common variants so far associated with blood pressure, only one explains even 1 mm Hg of variance in blood pressure.6 The inference is that many hundreds, maybe thousands, of variants are needed to explain the inherited component of hypertension.

In contrast, the …
Susceptibility of guinea pigs to chemical carcinogens: 7,12-Dimethylbenz(a)anthracene and urethan.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Summary Single s.c. injections of 25, 20, 15, 10, 5, 1, and 0.1 mg 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene, administered at birth to randomly bred Hartley albino guinea pigs, resulted in the induction of various types of s.c. tumors at the injection site. In addition, malignant lymphomas, tumors of skin, lungs, uterus, ovaries, breast, etc., were also evoked by the treatment. Three i.v. injections of 3 mg 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene, given first at birth and on every third day, gave rise to higher incidences of tumors of the breast, lungs, uterus, ovaries, and skin than in the corresponding control groups. Five s.c. injections of 1 mg urethan/g body weight, administered similarly as in the previous group, produced tumors of lungs and ovaries. In contrast to earlier reports, when the carcinogenic dose is expressed quantitatively on mg/g body weight basis, according to the present finding, the guinea pig was found to be at least as susceptible as the mouse to chemical stimulus.
Superior mesenteric artery syndrome: A tough nut to crack – A rare complication in the management of oligometastatic colorectal carcinoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The superior mesenteric artery (SMA) syndrome is a rare cause of intestinal obstruction. However, conditions associated with rapid weight loss, including malignancy, burns, bariatric surgery, and trauma, can precipitate the syndrome. Recognition of the syndrome requires a high index of suspicion and a multidisciplinary approach in conjunction with the radiologist. Here, we present the case of a patient with metastatic colon cancer, who developed symptoms of abdominal pain and hematuria after undergoing a local ablative procedure for liver metastases. He was extensively evaluated, in view of a history of abdominal pain in the supine position and relieved in the prone position, along with a history of similar complaints following an earlier colectomy procedure and a history of weight loss. In view of this unusual symptom complex coupled with the radiologic findings on the ultrasound, he underwent a barium swallow which showed duodenal dilation and a reduced aortomesenteric angle. Thus, a diagnosis of the SMA syndrome with the nutcracker phenomenon was made. The patient was managed conservatively and is on regular follow-up. The case highlights the need for a multidisciplinary approach, with an innocuous observation in tandem with the clinical history being pivotal in clinching a rare diagnosis.
Evaluating Coastal Vulnerability by Temporal and Spatial Variation of Parameters of the GEV Distribution Along the Baltic Sea Coast

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Viigand, K.; Eelsalu, M., and Soomere, T., 2024. Evaluating coastal vulnerability by temporal and spatial variation of parameters of the GEV distribution along the Baltic Sea coast. In: Phillips, M.R.; Al-Naemi, S., and Duarte, C.M. (eds.), Coastlines under Global Change: Proceedings from the International Coastal Symposium (ICS) 2024 (Doha, Qatar). Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 113, pp. 996-1000. Charlotte (North Carolina), ISSN 0749-0208. Extreme water levels (EWLs) pose significant threats to low-lying coastal communities. In the microtidal Baltic Sea, the EWLs are created by a combination of joint impact of water volume of the sea, storm surge and wave-driven effects. We address variations of EWLs along the coastline of the Baltic Sea using the Generalized Extreme Value (GEV) distribution, characterized by shape, location and scale parameters. A negative shape parameter of a GEV distribution leads to a Weibull distribution indicating limited growth of future extremes. A near-zero parameter means that EWLs are represented by a Gumbel distribution. A positive shape parameter signals that a Fréchet distribution governs EWLs and the growth of extremes can be rapid. In the changing climate, the processes that govern EWLs do not necessarily remain statistically stationary. We evaluate the vulnerability of the coastline of the Baltic Sea in terms of the likelihood of experiencing significantly higher EWLs in the future based on the distributions that govern EWLs and their return periods. We apply the block maxima of water level in 1979–2014 extracted from model runs forced with the Climate Forecast System Reanalysis. While the shape parameter evaluated from the tide gauge data exhibits regime-shift-like changes in the Gulf of Riga in 1975–2005, changes to this parameter evaluated from the General Estuarine Transport Model provided by Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research have a more complicated appearance.
Research on the Logistics Optimization of One-way Street of City

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

One-way Street of city is described as a strongly connected directed graph. Mathematical model is established by using related theory of strongly connected directed graph. The two algorithms are proposed, one is for solving the shortest distance between any two nodes in a strongly connected graph, and another is for computing the length of a minimal oriented H cycle based on improved genetic algorithm. Experimental results show the two algorithms are feasible and effective.
Skin hydration, microrelief and greasiness of normal skin in Antarctica

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background The skin is the primary defence of the human body against external factors from physical, chemical, mechanical and biologic origin. Climatic factors together with low temperature and sun radiation affect the skin. The effect of climatic conditions in Antarctica on healthy skin has not been previously addressed. Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in the skin hydration, greasiness and microrelief due to the extreme climatic environmental factors during the stay of the members of the Bulgarian Antarctic expedition. Material and methods Fifty‐nine Caucasian healthy subjects, 42 men and 17 women with mean age 50.9 years (27–68), were enrolled. The study was performed in five consecutive years from 2011 to 2016 at the Bulgarian Antarctic base camp at Livingston Island. The study protocol consisted of two parts: study A: duration of 15 days with measurement of skin physiology parameters on a daily basis, and study B: five measurements at baseline and at days 14, 30, 45 and 50 upon arrival in Antarctica. We measured three biophysical parameters related to skin physiology at cheek skin by an impedance measuring device. Results No statistically significant difference between parameters at the different measurement points. There is a variation in skin hydration reaching its lower point at day 11 and then returning to values similar to baseline. Initially, an increase in skin greasiness was witnessed with a sharp depression at day 11 and final values at day 15 resembling the ones at baseline. An increase, although not statistically significant, in skin roughness was observed in the first 15 days of the study. Study B showed no statistically significant variances between values of the three parameters. Conclusion Our studies show the pioneer results of the effect of Antarctic climate on human skin physiology.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Zirconium‐Catalyzed Friedel—Crafts Alkylation of Pyrrole with Trifluoromethyl Ketones.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Integration of food stock management applications into everyday food practices : Tackling the food waste problem in households by supporting everyday food practices

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Household food waste levels pose a considerable problem in terms of sustainability. Food stock management applications for smartphones are interventions that support people in planning and keeping an overview of their food stock in order to reduce food waste. So far mainly their usability and effectiveness for reduction of food waste have been researched in HCI. This study aimed at investigating how these applications are being integrated into people’s food practices, and how their features contributed to the integration. In a three-week long field study seven participants used one of two applications in their daily lives. Through interviews and diary entries it was observed that some people integrated the applications into their food practices to replace other actions like checking one’s food stock. New connections to the food practices were created through expiration reminders and providing means to check the food stock from a distance. Reminders were seen as helpful even if not always necessary and can be seen as an opportunity to further support the integration process. The main issues for the integration were the high-effort adding processes and remembering to update the inventory after consumption.
Sealant Failure Morphology — The Important Criterion of Equipment Selection for Weathering Studies

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The objective of this study is to identify criteria for the selection of laboratory equipment for weathering studies of sealants that allow improvements in the correlation of accelerated weathering results with outdoor exposure results. The Approach of the study is to compare physical-chemical characteristics of sealants, which were exposed to various laboratory methods and outdoors. Polyurethane, silicone, polysulfide, and Kraton®-based sealants were selected for this study. Sealants were exposed outdoors to wet (Florida) and dry (Arizona) climatic conditions. The laboratory studies were conducted in a fully equipped xenon-arc weather-ometer simulating wet climate conditions, a xenon-arc tabletop device, simulating dry climatic conditions, and a fluorescent UV condensation weathering device. The degradation of the sealant surface on exposure to both natural and laboratory conditions was compared on the basis of morphological changes. The following methods were used to study chemical and morphological changes: TGA, DSC, polarized light microscopy, and image analysis. The results of physical-chemical studies are related to the esthetic performance of sealants measured by an image analysis to determine the rate of crack formation and the development of characteristic morphological features of crack formation in different sealants. In this analysis, the exposure to natural conditions is used as the point of reference. The physical-chemical changes due to weathering in laboratory devices are compared with outdoor exposure results to verify similarity of the failure morphology. A valid laboratory weathering procedure is expected to result in the same degradation mechanism and induce similar modes of failure as outdoor weathering.
Personality analysis of the USA public using Twitter profile pictures

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The personality of people may be possibly analyzed using the content they post using social media sites and their profile picture choice. In this paper, we analyze Twitter profiles images to predict personality of major categories of the USA public. For the analysis, we have distributed the USA people into five major categories (Political personalities, Sports Stars, Business Bodies, Hollywood figures, and General public). We have collected the Twitter profile data, last month tweets and stored them in MySQL data base. This collection of data sets is further analyzed with their profile images using features of color, image composition, image type, and their online behavior. We are predicting about their personality traits using their posts and online engagement on Twitter. For the interpretability, our analysis targeted aesthetic and facial features to explore personality traits. Our results predict the behavior of Twitter users based on the profile picture they choose. For instance, conscientious and agreeable users display positive emotions, while users having openness select aesthetic photos. Our experimental results and calculation proved that we have achieved 53.457 percent accurate prediction and encounter that personality prediction is harder for robust accuracy.
Experimental Models in Rheumatoid Arthritis:

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune and chronic pathological condition characterized by an inflammatory process of the joints It is a complex and multifactorial, involving genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors and the use of experimental models is required to better understand its pathology and for drug testing. The aim of this study was to perform a systematic literature review on experimental models in rheumatoid arthritis using IRAMUTEQ, a software that analysis, qualitatively and quantitatively, text fragments, as a methodological tool. After searching for articles published in the last five years on Scopus database and applying the exclusion criteria, we ended with 84 articles. The most commonly employed experimental models was the arthritis induction by inoculation of the Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA), followed by the use of combined methodologies and the collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). The analyses of abstracts by the IRAMUTEQ software provided a classification according to their textual elements in four classes, which were grouped into three main themes: in vivo models (class 1), clinical practice and traditional medicine (classes 2 and 3) and in vitro models (class 4) and it was also possible to build a similarity tree of the terms present in the abstracts and a word cloud with the most cited terms. Thus, the use of the IRAMUTEQ software as a methodological tool has been satisfactory, since it was possible to identify the main experimental models used, keywords, pathological processes and molecules involved in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis free of the researchers’ bias, in addition to being a tool for visual and intuitive results.