jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
PS-091 Benefits of medicines reconciliation in an emergency unit

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background

To improve drug treatment in an emergency unit, we tested Medicines Reconciliation (MR) based on the WHO High5 Medication Reconciliation program method.

Purpose

To assess the contribution of MR and to measure the pharmaceutical time required for this activity.

Material and methods

This study lasted from June to October 2014. Patients had to meet the following eligibility criteria: admission to Emergency unit followed by admission to hospital, aged between 65 and 90, poly-medicated, with their medicines presenting a risk. Discussions with the patient (or his family if he could not be questioned), his pharmacist, his GP are all information sources (IS) enabled the pharmacist to write an Optimised Medicines Appraisal (OMA). The MR compared the OMA to the first hospital prescription. The prescriber categorised differences found as intentional (ID) or non-intentional (NID) differences, which equate to medicines errors (ME). NID were categorised according to potential danger (minor, significant, major, critical) and type (oversight, duplication, dose error, dosage error, computer error). Time spent at each stage was measured in minutes.

Results

Amongst eligible patients, 1 to 2 (n = 44; 8.76%) were randomly selected daily. Average population age was 79 years (M/F = 1.38) with 9.6 ± 2.8 (median = 9) medicines prior to admission. At least one difference (ID + NID) was found in all patients (44/44). Amongst them, 29 (66%) presented at least one NID: 19/29 with 1 NID, 8/29 with 2 NID and 2/29 with 3 NID. Total NID detected was 39: major 23/39 (59%), significant 8/29 (20.5%) and minor 8/39 (20%). Moreover, 74.4% (29/39) of errors consisted of a medicines oversight, 20.5% (8/39) dosage errors, 5.1% (2/39) dose errors. MR took 36.6 min ± 12 min (median = 36) per patient. Time necessary to avoid 1 major ME was 65 min.

Conclusion

Finding more than half of patients with major NID demonstrated the benefits of MR. We have to find the resources to establish MRs in the Emergency unit.

References and/or acknowledgements

No conflict of interest.
2,3-Diethylpyrazine

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The Food Safety Commission of Japan (FSCJ) conducted a risk assessment of 2,3-diethylpyrazine (CAS No.15707–24-1) based on results from various studies. This additive, 2,3-diethylpyrazine, has no apparent toxicity relevant to human health based on the results of studies including the genotoxicity and repeated dose toxicity. The additive (flavoring) was categorized into Structural class II of the report of “Working group on safety assessment method of flavorings” (November 4, 2003) (classification criteria of Structural classes I, II and III are based on Cramer et al. (1978), which are similar to those of Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA)). The safety margin exceeds 1,000 which is regarded as the appropriate safety margin for a 90-day repeated dose toxicity study. The predicted amount of intake (1–2 µg/person/day) is also lower than the acceptable daily intake of Structural class II (540 µg/person/day). FSCJ concluded that 2,3-diethylpyrazine, an additive (flavoring), has no concern relevant to human health when it is used for the purpose of flavoring food.
Gain of native conformation of Aurora A S155R mutant by small molecules

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Aurora A is a mitotic serine/threonine kinase protein that is a proposed target of the first‐line anticancer drug design. It has been found to be overexpressed in many human cancer cells, including hematological, breast, and colorectal. Here, we focus on a particular somatic mutant S155R of Aurora kinase A protein, whose activity decreases because of loss of interaction with a TPX2 protein that results in ectopic expression of the Aurora kinase A protein, which contributes chromosome instability, centrosome amplification, and oncogenic transformation. The primary target of this study is to select a drug molecule whose binding results in gaining S155R mutant interaction with TPX2. The computational methodology applied in this study involves mapping of hotspots (for uncompetitive binding), virtual screening, protein–ligand docking, postdocking optimization, and protein–protein docking approach. In this study, we screen and validate ZINC968264, which acts as a potential molecule that can improve the loss of function occurred because of mutation (S155R) in Aurora A. Our approaches pave a suitable path to design a potential drug against physiological condition manifested because of S155R mutant in Aurora A.
Effect of Additional Copper Losses on the High-speed Induction Machine Performance

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Accurate loss calculation is an important part of the machine design, which can have significant influence on the predicted operating temperature, especially in the high-speed applications. In this paper, the calculation method of additional copper losses is demonstrated with an example of high-speed induction machine. The additional copper losses are studied using finite element analysis for twisted and non-twisted stator windings. In the proposed study, only one coil is modeled with strands to optimize computational resources. Influence of an accurate determination of the end winding leakage inductance on additional loss is presented. Proposed method of the analysis can be implemented for loss estimation of various high-speed electrical machines.
I see no problem because there is no problem: denial and silence among Israeli mental health professionals during the first Intifada

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article discusses denial and silence pertaining to events from the Palestinian Intifada (1987–93) as confronted by medical and mental health professionals. It defines denial from a multidisciplinary perspective comprising psychoanalysis, cognitive psychology, sociology, and medicine, then analyzes personal recollections as well as texts from interviews with psychologists, social workers and psychiatrists. Using the concept of Professional Historical Error, the article shows that some professionals failed to recognise and accept the presence of the Intifada in denying potential mental distress and injuries among soldiers involved in military actions.
Enhancement of acoustic heating during nucleation of acoustic cavitation inside an ultrasonic reactor cavity

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In semiconductor manufacturing, megasonic cleaning may play an important role for nano-particle removal, if the underlying physical processes are thoroughly understood. As shown in recent years, acoustic cavitation is the main contributor to surface cleaning. Crucial parts of the overall cleaning process are therefore the actual nucleation of cavitation bubbles in the bulk of the liquid and related physical processes that might enhance, suppress or simply accompany bubble nucleation. One process is the enhanced build-up of temperature gradients in ultrasonic fields due to nucleation onset and the accompanied collapse of the nucleating bubbles. There, the highly non-linear oscillatory behaviour of resonant cavitation bubbles might enhance dissipation of acoustic energy and heat transfer from the vicinity of the collapsing bubble to the surrounding liquid. The resulting convection and its relation to the nonlinear interactions of the cavitation bubbles with the acoustic field are investigated in the present study with the help of qualitative and quantitative methods such as Schlieren-imaging and Sonoluminescence Measurements. These methods provide the advantage, that they do not disturb the nucleation process and are applicable to measurements of both pressure and temperature gradients. In order to identify the contribution of the strongly nonlinear bubble-wall oscillations to the enhanced heating of the bulk liquid, the results are correlated to acoustic noise spectra recorded in parallel with the help of a hydrophone.
Recalibrating racial minority policy in Singapore

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

There is no denying that racial harmony is imperative for multi-racial Singapore. This study suggests that the young nation has achieved a forced sense of racial tolerance through laws that restrict freedom of expression, but this lack of public discourse in turn impedes racial harmony. In an attempt to find out the causal relationship between racial harmony and public discourse in Singapore, as well as gain greater insight into their views on race and racism, Singaporean young adults were engaged in a mixed-methodology experiment and interview. The findings proved that public discourse must be encouraged for intolerance to be publicly refuted and for Singaporeans to be engaged in open discussions. Moving forward, theoretical and practical recommendations were proposed, including that of amendments to the Sedition Act and Public Order Act. It is hopeful that this increase in freedom of expression will help Singapore achieve and maintain racial harmony.
Transplantation of Severed Digits to Forearm Stump for Restoration of Partial Hand Function

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Three cases of mutilating injury of the distal end of the forearm, wrist, and palm treated by transplantation of severed digits to the forearm stump are reported. Follow-up examinations made at 1 year and 4 months to 31/2 years postoperatively revealed fair sensory and motor functions. The functional result is better than that obtained after Krukenberg's operation or prosthesis fitting, and is comparable to that of "hand" reconstruction by autotransplantation of toes. Since this procedure can fulfill the basic requirements of hand function by reconstruction, namely, good sensibility; basic motor functions of pinching, grasping, and powerful gripping; and acceptable outward appearance, and can be accomplished in a one-stage operation without sacrificing toes, it should be considered as first choice whenever a suitable case is encountered.
Comprehensive Analysis of CDK1-Associated ceRNA Network Revealing the Key Pathways LINC00460/LINC00525-Hsa-Mir-338-FAM111/ZWINT as Prognostic Biomarkers in Lung Adenocarcinoma Combined with Experiments

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide, and effective biomarkers are still lacking for early detection and prognosis prediction. Here, based on gene expression profiles of LUAD patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), 806 long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), 122 microRNAs (miRNAs) and 1269 mRNAs associated with CDK1 were identified. The regulatory axis of LINC00460/LINC00525-hsa-mir-338-FAM111B/ZWINT was determined according to the correlation between gene expression and patient prognosis. The abnormal up-regulation of FAM111B/ZWINT in LUAD was related to hypomethylation. Furthermore, immune infiltration analysis suggested FAM111B/ZWINT could affect the development and prognosis of cancer by regulating the LUAD immune microenvironment. EMT feature analysis suggested that FAM111B/ZWINT promoted tumor spread through the EMT process. Functional analysis showed FAM111B/ZWINT was involved in cell cycle events such as DNA replication and chromosome separation. We analyzed the HERB and GSCALite databases to identify potential target medicines that may play a role in the treatment of LUAD. Finally, the expression of LINC00460/LINC00525-hsa-mir-338-FAM111B/ZWINT axis was verified in LUAD cells by RT-qPCR, and these results were consistent with bioinformatics analysis. Overall, we constructed a CDK1-related ceRNA network and revealed the LINC00460/LINC00525-hsa-mir-338-FAM111/ZWINT pathways as potential diagnostic biomarkers or therapeutic targets of LUAD.
Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of registered childhood tuberculosis cases in the North-Western Region of Russia when introducing a tuberculosis diagnosis complex using diaskintest and multislice spiral computed tomography

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The paper analyzes changes in the pattern of clinical forms of registered tuberculosis cases, in the proportion of detected complications and phases of the specific process in children in 2007 to 2012. The findings were compared with registered morbidity rates and changes in the set of performed examinations [introduction of diaskintest (DST) and computed tomography (CT)] in 5 areas of the North-Western Region of the Russian Federation. There was a rise in the notified number of children with tuberculosis in some areas and a decline in the others, which is due to different frequencies to use DST and CT in the diagnostic complex. The wide introduction of CT may be a cause of more frequent detection of the specific process in the phase of involution and calcification because standard radiographic techniques used in the early stages of the specific process fail to diagnose these changes. The findings suggest the untimely detection of the disease and necessitate an improvement in the screening of children for the early manifestations of tuberculosis infection.
Directed energy deposition-arc (DED-Arc) and numerical welding simulation as a method to determine the homogeneity

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This research presents a hybrid approach to for the prediction of the homogeneity of mechanical properties in 3D metal parts manufactured using directed energy deposition-arc (DED-Arc). DED-Arc is an additive manufacturing process which can offer a cost-effective way to manufacture 3D metal parts, due to high deposition rate of up to 8 kg/h. Regression equations developed in a previous study were used to predict the mechanical properties of a wall structure using only the cooling time t8/5 calculated in a numerical welding simulation. The new approach in this research paper contains the prediction of the homogeneity of the mechanical properties, especially hardness, in 3D metal parts, which can vary due to localized changes in t8/5 cooling time provoked by specific geometrical features or general changes in dimensions. In this study a method for the calculation of the hardness distribution on additively manufactured parts was developed and shown.
Implementation of a comprehensive, integrated and balanced approach to addressing the world drug problem

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Given its multifaceted and dynamic nature, the world drug problem is one of the most complex challenges facing the contemporary world. It directly or indirectly affects everyone and poses a serious threat to health, both as a result of the illicit cultivation, production, manufacture, sale, demand, trafficking and distribution of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances, and as a consequence of the abuse of prescription drugs. The world drug problem affects the dignity, safety and well-being of all humanity, in particular children and youth, families and communities. The drug phenomenon has a detrimental impact on social cohesion, health care, the environment, national security, regional and international stability, international peace and the sovereignty of States. It undermines respect for human rights and the rule of law, socioeconomic and political stability, democratic institutions and sustainable development. At the same time, the world drug problem is itself the result of weak rule of law, unstable socioeconomic and political conditions, poverty, marginalization and corrupt political, juridical and economic institutions. The fact that the world drug problem can be both a reason for and a result of difficult economic, social and political conditions is what makes addressing it so challenging. The fast proliferation and the extent of use of new psychoactive substances illustrates the dynamic nature of the drug problem.
Microplastic Identification in Fisheries Commodities in Sayung Waters, Demak

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Each year plastic production worldwide has increased. Approximately 10% of the production of plastic will lead to the sea. This plastic is degraded to be a small particle size < 5mm called microplastic. The river is the main route of entry of plastic from land to the sea. Sayung River is a river that has the potential to be contaminated with microplastics around which it is used as a location for the cultivation of various fisheries commodities including Pernaviridis, Penaeus monodon, and Lates calcarifer. The study aims to determine the number and type of microplastic in Penaeus monodon, Pernaviridis, and Lates calcarifer. Samples were taken from three different stations in the coverage area. Microplastic abundance analysis by isolating microplastic on each sample. Isolation samples of Pernaviridis, Penaeus monodon, and Lates calcarifer are done by dissolving the sample in a solution of 10% KOH was allowed for 24 hours at a temperature of 60 oC and observed under a binocular microscope. Founded types of microplastic are fiber, fragments, pellets, and films on Pernaviridis, Penaeus monodon, and Lates calcarifer. Pernaviridis found on many types of films, in Penaeusmonodon are the most prevalent types of fragments and the Lates calcarifer most common types of fiber. Pellet type is the least kind found in Pernaviridis and Penaeus monodon. Based on the age when taken, Penaeus monodon is the commodity that has the most potential to be contaminated with microplastic while based on the number of particles found in Lates calcarifer is the commodity with the most potential to be contaminated with microplastic.
Venice and Islam in the Middle Ages: Some Observations on the Question of Architectural Influence

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Once described by the great Venetian art historian Giuseppe Fiocco as a colossal suq, the city of Venice has always conveyed a distinctly oriental atmosphere to the western european visitor. Mystified by its labyrinth of dark, narrow, often dead-end streets, twisting at right-angles through densely built-up, separately demarcated parishes, glimpsing fragrant gardens hidden behind high, crenellated walls, sniffing the pungent odours of exotic oriental spices in the bustling, crowded markets, the traveller might well have imagined himself transported, as if on a magic carpet, to one of the great mercantile centres of the Middle East — to Baghdad, Cairo or Damascus — to the world of Marco Polo’s travels or the Arabian Nights.
Role of sympathoadrenal and renin-angiotensin system in hemodynamic state after coronary artery bypass grafting.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

To evaluate the role of the sympathoadrenal and renin-angiotensin systems in postoperative hemodynamic state, plasma concentrations of catecholamines, renin activity, angiotensin, and aldosterone as well as hemodynamics were studied following coronary artery bypass grafting in 55 patients. The patients were divided into four groups: 1) uneventful, 2) hypertension (HT), 3) hypotension for which cateeholamines were administered (CAT), and 4) perioperative myocardial infarction (POMI). The mean cardiac index in the HT group was higher than that in the Uneventful group and some patients in the HT group showed high adrenaline level. A group of patients who had a hypertensive episode and then sustained low cardiac output state (HT-to-LOS group) showed marked elevation of systemic vascular resistance index and noradrenaline level. These findings suggest that the hypertensive episodes in the HT-to-LOS group may be primarily caused by the activation of the sympathetic nerve system and that those of some patients in the HT group may be caused by marked adrenal medullary secretion. Five patients (56%) in the HT group showed plasma renin activity of more than 5.0 ng/ml/hr. and three patients (33%) showed angiotensin II of more than 100 pglml. Thus, postoperative hypertension seems to be multifactorial in nature. The POMI group represented significant elevation of plasma adrenaline concentration and significantly low sensitivity to catecholamines of the ventricle accompanied with impaired left ventricular performance. Although the mean aldosterone level in the CAT group was significantly higher than that in the Uneventful group, only a few patients of the CAT group demonstrated marked elevation of aldosterone concentration which might cause a vicious circle to develop. Clinical significance of modest increase of aldosterone concentration in other patients in the CAT group is questionable.
PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF MAGNETIC WATER AND ITS EFFECT ON EGG PRODUCTION TRAITS IN HENS AT LATE LAYING PERIOD

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This study was conducted to evaluate the egg production traits of laying hens receiving magnetic water (MW) for one month. Sixty Fayoumi hens at 54 weeks of age were used. On d 1 of the trial, hens were randomly assigned to control (non-magnetic water) and treatment (magnetic water, MW) groups. During the experiment, pH and electrical conductivity (EC) of water were recorded. The water nano-structure was investigated by electron microscopy. In parallel, egg mass, egg number, egg weight, egg production, and feed intake were recorded daily. Results showed that both pH and EC values of MW were higher compared to those of non-magnetic water (P ≤ 0.05). In MW, notable changes in the order and size of water molecules at the edge of water clusters were observed. Providing MW for the first two weeks did not affect any of productive traits. From third week of the experiment, egg production of MW group (34.5 ± 1.8 %) was significantly higher than this (27.8 ± 2.1 %) of control ones. In conclusion, physiochemical properties of MW may indirectly maintain hens’ productivity in late age. Nevertheless, interdisciplinary investigations should be carried out to elucidate the mode of action of MW and probable side effects if any. Keywords: magnetized water; magnetic field; egg production; egg weight; water properties.
Inferring phylogenetic patterns of land snails of the genus Albinaria on the island of Dia (Crete, Greece)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Albinaria (Gastropoda, Clausiliidae) is a pulmonate genus distributed around the north-eastern coasts of the Mediterranean. It is the most 'speciose' genus within the family of Clausiliidae, exhibiting a high degree of morphological and genetic differentiation, and serving as a model for several ecological, systematics and evolutionary studies. Nevertheless, many aspects remain uncertain mainly due to the large number of taxa whose classification has not yet been evaluated with solid synapomorphic characters. Thirty-one morphological species are currently recognized on the island of Crete and its satellite islets. Four of them (A. retusa, A. torticollis, A. jaeckeli, and A. teres) are distributed on the island of Dia (north of Crete); the first three are island endemics. Here, we combined mitochondrial and nuclear DNA information and Bayesian and Maximum Likelihood approaches to evaluate the phylogenetic relationships, and assess the genetic distinctiveness and cohesiveness of all described species of Dia Island. The produced phylogeny was not congruent with the morphological species, demonstrating a more complex pattern of speciation and diversification. Although each island endemic constitutes a monophyletic lineage, the number of island endemic species could be greater than the three currently recognized species so far (A. retusa, A. torticollis, and A. jaeckeli), since a newly discovered lineage (north-western part of the island), that morphologically differs from the populations of A. torticollis in the eastern part, and genetically is more closely related to A. jaeckeli, could be elevated to the species level. Considering the fourth species found on the island of Dia, A. teres is genetically highly variable, showing low geographic structuring due to either long-distance gene flow or retained ancestral polymorphisms, or a combination of both. Further work (analysis of more specimens and DNA data) both from Dia and Crete is indispensable in order to shed light on aspects of the evolutionary history of the genus in Dia.