jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
City Size, Distance and Formal Employment

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Cities thrive through the diversity of their occupants because the availability of complementary skills enables firms in the formal sector to grow, delivering increasingly sophisticated products and services. The appearance of new industries is path dependent in that new economic activities build on existing strengths, leading cities to both diversify and specialize in distinct areas. Hence, the location of necessary capabilities, and in particular the distance between firms and people with the skills they need, is key to the success of urban agglomerations. Using data for Colombia, this paper assesses the extent to which cities benefit from skills and capabilities available in their surrounding catchment areas. Without assuming a prioria a definition for cities, we sequentially agglomerate the 96 urban municipalities larger than 50, 000 people based on commuting time. We show that a level of agglomeration equivalent to between 45 and 75 minutes of commuting time, corresponding to between 62 and 43 cities, maximizes the impact that the availability of skills has on the ability of agglomerations to generate formal employment. Smaller urban municipalities stand to gain more in the process of agglomeration. A range of policy implications are discussed.
Can changing the mechanical environment increase the speed of fracture healing? A pilot study in tibial fractures

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We hypothesed that fracture healing could be speeded up by changing the mechanical environment from initial rigidity followed by micromovements (dynamization) to initial macromovement followed by rigidity. We based this hypothesis on two tenets. Firstly, callus requires movement for its formation and its production is limited to the first few weeks after fracture. Secondly, that callus would mature faster in the absence of movement (based on theoretical reasoning and supported by a prior rabbit experiment). An external fixator was built that would allow axial macromovements (up to 5 mm) and then compression to produce a rigid configuration. Permission from the Helsinki Ethical Committee was obtained for a pilot trial. 15 patients with an isolated closed (12 patients) or open grade 1 (3 patients) tibial fracture were treated. The average time of removal of the fixator was 11 weeks (range seven to 15.4 weeks) which was faster than other comparable series. This trial indicates that it is possible to speed up the healing of tibial fractures by changing the mechanical regimes used today of initial rigidity followed by dynamization to one of initial macromovement followed by rigidity.
Trends in the use of echocardiography in patients with Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia: an analysis using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample data

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Infective endocarditis occurs in approximately 10%‐30% of patients with Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (SaB). Guidelines recommend echocardiography in patients with SaB and risk factors for infective endocarditis in the absence of any obvious source of infection. Herein, we explored the trends in the use of echocardiography in patients with SaB and its relationship to outcomes using a large national database. Method All patients with a principal discharge diagnosis of SaB were identified using the National Inpatient Sample database from 2001 to 2014. Procedure code 88.72 was used to identify echocardiography. Logistic regression models were estimated to identify the year‐over‐year trends in echocardiogram, predictors of use, and association with mortality. Results From 2001 to 2014, there were 668 423 hospitalizations with SaB diagnosis and 86 387 (12.9%) had echocardiogram. The rate of echocardiography increased from 10.7% in 2001 to 15.2% in 2014 ( p trend < 0.001). Major predictors of echocardiogram usage were younger age, male gender, presence of sepsis, valvular or congenital heart disease, prosthetic heart valve (PHV), cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED), hemodialysis, and drug abuse. The adjusted rates of echocardiography increased from approximately 10% to 15% in hospitalizations without risk factors for IE while for high‐risk groups like PHV and CIED it remained constant at 30% and 19%, respectively. Echocardiography was associated with 31% lower odds of in‐hospital mortality. Conclusion The increase in echocardiography rate was largely attributable to increased use in those without risk factors while usage in those with PHV and CIED remained much lower than expected. Echocardiography use was associated with lower risk‐adjusted mortality. These findings require further study and confirmation.
Performance analysis of WiMax systems in the presence of MB-OFDM UWB interference

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The European Commission has recently adopted specific power spectral density masks for Ultra Wideband devices, with detect and avoid capabilities, for coexistence with licensed standards. Under these regulations, a novel approach for analysing the Ultra Wideband interference effects on the WiMax downlink is provided in this paper. The maximum permissible interference level, as well as the signal-to-interference level that allows the Ultra Wideband interference effects to be considered as negligible, are computed by means of analytical, numerical and experimental approaches. This analysis considers a WiMax receiver operating at its minimum sensitivity level. The bit error rate and the error vector magnitude of the WiMax link are the metrics employed in this work to characterise the interference effects for both frequency hopping and non-frequency hopping Ultra Wideband interferers.
Remittances and Competition: A Policy Analysis Matrix Approach

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The phenomenal growth of remittances in recent times has caught the attention of governments particularly in the developing countries, international organizations, Non- Governmental Organizations (NGOs) and the private sector, due to its importance as a viable source of external financing. The main problem identified in transferring these monies is that the competitive environment for money transfers in Nigeria is highly constrained. This is due to a near-monopolistic hold on the market by one money transfer organization (MTO) and the fact that banks are the only entities legally authorized to perform international payments. Findings from the policy analysis matrix results shows divergence in the revenue, costs and profits were negative (-2989360,-172074, -268246, - 2549040). This indicates that the society value remittances more than the market. The PCR was negative which shows that the system is not competitive and a negative SRP shows a tax on inbound transfer. The study concluded that money transfer service as rendered by banks and their partners in Nigeria is not competitive. Governments and policy makers can contribute to improving competition, lowering transaction costs, and reducing informality.
Surface Behavior and Temperature of Plug in Piercing of Seamless Steel Pipe

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Prediction of tool temperature is very important to improve its life, since tool life is strongly influenced by increase in temperature of tool surface in piercing and rolling process of seamless steel pipes. The temperature of plugs under some piercing conditions of cross roll and press roll piercers was calculated. Actual temperature of plugs were measured and compared with the calculated results to confirm the validity of calculation. In addition, thin layer of actual plug surface after piercing campaign was extracted by solvent method and structure of the thin layer was observed by using an electron microscope. It was clarified that temperature of plug surface becames over 1 200°C in piercing and that a metallic surface plugs were unsuitable for a piercer. Black scale film on plug surface showed a good protective effect against heat conduction. Temperature of a plug treated with scale film became from 700°C to 800°C in piercing. The black scale film on plug surface under piercing condition was enriched in SiO2 and it was presumed that the surface of plug was covered with a thin layer of melted scale, namely, scale lubricant. An amorphous thin layer was confirmed on the surface of a plug after piercing campaign through observation by electron microscope and electron diffraction patterns of the extracted thin layer.
Are food and drink retailers within NHS venues adhering to NICE Quality standard 94 guidance on childhood obesity? A cross-sectional study of two large secondary care NHS hospitals in England

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objective To assess whether the food and drink retail outlets in two major National Health Service (NHS) district general hospitals in England adhere to quality statements 1–3 of the UK National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) quality standard 94. Design Cross-sectional, descriptive study to assess the food and drink options available in vending machines, restaurants, cafes and shops in two secondary care hospitals. Main outcome measures Adherence to quality statement 1 whereby the food and drink items available in the vending machines were classified as either healthy or less healthy using the Nutrient Profiling Model (NPM). Compliance with quality statements 2 and 3 was assessed through the measurement of how clearly the shops, cafes and restaurants displayed nutrition information on menus, and the availability and prominent display of healthy food and drink options in retail outlets, respectively. Results Adherence to quality statement 1 was poor. Of the 18 vending machines assessed, only 7 (39%) served both a healthy food and a healthy drink option. Neither hospital was compliant with quality statement 2 wherein nutritional information was not available on menus of food providers in either hospital. There was inconsistent compliance with quality standard 3 whereby healthy food and drink options were prominently displayed in the two main hospital restaurants, but all shops and cafes prioritised the display of unhealthy items. Conclusions Neither hospital was consistently compliant with quality statements 1–3 of the NICE quality standard 94. Improving the availability of healthy foods and drinks while reducing the display and accessibility to less healthy options in NHS venues may improve family awareness of healthy alternatives. Making it easier for parents to direct their children to healthier choices is an ostensibly central component of our healthcare system.
Evaluation of Nursing Homes Using a Novel PROMETHEE Method for Probabilistic Linguistic Term Sets

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Aging has become a serious social problem in China. Traditional informal long‐term care is hard to sustain because of the reduction in family size and elders’ children migration to big cities. The institution offering services for the disabled elders has been a tendency. There exists a strange phenomenon: some nursing homes are difficult to enter for most disabled elders, while the other ones must search for elders to maintain operation. Therefore, for the evaluation of nursing homes, two problems should be considered: (1) selecting suitable nursing homes for disabled elders; (2) obtaining the key factors influencing the selection of elders and helping nursing homes improve their services based on the key factors. First, we propose a new DEMATEL (Decision‐Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory) method for PLTSs to solve the second problem. Then, we present a novel PROMETHEE (Preference Ranking Organization Methods for Enrichment Evaluations) method to rank the alternatives and make a sensitivity analysis for criteria. Finally, we illustrate our proposed methods to an evaluation problem in Zhenjiang City by a case study. Based on the case study, we can obtain that our proposed methods are effective and practicable.
A Case Study of Outdoor Play Space Design in Chinese Communities Based on Embodied Cognition Theory

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Play has a significant impact on children's cognitive, learning, physical development, and mental health, making it a crucial aspect of their developmental environment.Spatial environments, as mediators of children's play activities, play a vital role in influencing their physical activity and cognitive development.Given that community outdoor play spaces are frequently used in children's daily lives, it is essential to pay attention to their psychological expectations and everyday needs.This study focuses on the demands of children's experiences and interactions in the design of spatial environments.By examining representative cases of community outdoor play spaces in Xiamen, China, through the lens of embodied cognition theory, this research aims to analyze the value and deficiencies of existing community outdoor play spaces.The goal is to explore new design perspectives and development directions to optimize the environment of children's community outdoor play spaces.Ultimately, optimizing community outdoor play spaces for children requires a comprehensive consideration of children's agency, cognition, and interaction with the space.Additionally, employing differentiated design strategies can enhance the appeal of these spaces, creating safe and interactive play environments that meet modern management needs and provide suitable growth environments for children in Chinese communities.
Realization of Broadband Impedance Matching Networks for Enhancing the Performance of Underwater Surveillance Systems

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this work, we have designed and investigated three & five elements based two different types of broadband networks for matching the output impedance of power amplifier (50) with the input impedance of underwater spherical transducer having usable frequency band of 5kHz to 30kHz with resonant frequency of 17kHzin order to enhance the transmit sensitivity of transducer over its entire frequency. Steps followed in sequence involve: 1)In water measurement of Transducer's Impedance Parameters as a function of frequency using Impedance Analyzer, 2) Transducer's modeling using Van Dyke Model, 3) Designing of three & five elements based broadband matching networks using smith chart, 4) Transducer's simulation with and without matching networks, 5) Fabrication of matching networks and its characterization. Results evidenced that impedance of the transducer with both types of broadband matching networks becomes nearly equal to 50 which significantly enhanced Transmit Power Gain (TPG), reflection coefficient, -3dB bandwidth and TVR of the system over the entire frequency band of the transducer. -3dB bandwidth of the transducer was enhanced from 4.5kHz to 12kHz with matching networks. Maximum enhancement in the TVR level was observed to be equal to 12 dB re 1ˇPa/V at 1m.
Sunburn control on 'Hass' fruit

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Shadow, a wettable powder used for sunburn control, was applied as a double and a multiple application treatment to ‘Hass’ trees in a commercial orchard. Shadow treatment reduced the incidence of sunburn by 20% when compared to the untreated control. However, due to high residue levels and / or scale insect infestation on Shadow treated fruit, the percentage of export grade fruit was only increased by 2% (double treatment) and 4% (multiple treatment). Shadow treatment is therefore impractical for ‘Hass’ avocado, but may hold promise for smooth-skinned cultivars such as ‘Fuerte’. packhouse procedures. Data on the proportion of export, local and factory grade fruit were obtained from the packhouse. One sample each of the local and factory grade fruit was evaluated for Shadow residues after packhouse treatment, sunburn damage and insect infestation on the fruit. The evaluation was done on a scale of 0-3, where 0 depicted a clean fruit and 3 a fruit with a severe symptom. A sample of the export grade fruit was stored for an evaluation of fruit quality after simulated shipment (28 days at 5.5 °C).
Young children representing data

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The study aimed to understand young children’s ideas (4-6-year-olds, N=24) when collecting, organizing and representing data. It focuses on: 1) How do children understand data collection and organization? 2) What sort of difficulties do children have when representing data? A six sessions intervention was implemented, in which children worked with real objects and graphs (real and pictures). A qualitative analysis was used to explore children’s ideas related to data representation. Results show that children are able to collect and organize data; and they can interpret information from a simple real graph and translate it into a pictogram, with understanding.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Characterization of Diastereomeric (Substituted iminodiacetato)(1,2‐diaminocyclohexane)platinum(II) Complexes.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Sulfato‐1,2‐diaminocyclohexaneplatinum(II) reacts with substituted iminodiacetic acid in equimolar amounts in H 2 O in the presence of Ba(OH) 2 to give the title complexes, which are purified and characterized by spectral data ( 1 H, 13 C and 195 Pt NMR, IR, mass) and measurements of pH, pKa, conductivity and molecular weights.
Ethnobotanical studies in the genus Sansevieria Thunb. (Asparagaceae) in Zimbabwe.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A study investigating ethnobotanical uses and ethnotaxonomy of the genus Sansevieria Thunb. (Asparagaceae) in Zimbabwe is presented. Direct observation of plant use by informants, open-ended and informal interviews covering questions on local names of species, uses, mode of administration and the specific plant part used were employed during the study. Ethnobotanical uses for four species; Sansevieria aethiopica Thunb., Sansevieria hyacinthoides (L.) Druce, Sansevieria kirkii Baker and Sansevieria pearsonii N.E.Br. were recorded from 60 informants. A total of 11 use categories were defined; ornamentals, medicinal use in humans, medicinal use in animals, food, play, processed fiber, unprocessed fiber, crafts, making whip ends, spiritual uses and other uses. Medicinal use in humans was the most prevalent category, contributing 33% of the total responses. Several uses of Sansevieria in Zimbabwe not previously documented in the literature are described for the first time in this study.
PENGEMBANGAN DAERAH KAMPUNG PESISIR MELALUI PENINGKATAN SARANA RT.06 KLANDASAN ULU

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Facilities are facilities or tools needed to support a particular activity or activities. Developing facilities is one way to improve the quality of life of people in an area. Klandasan Ulu Village is one of the villages on the coast with a fairly dense population, but does not yet have adequate facilities for its people. The facilities in question include ablution places at local prayer rooms, alley signboards, and communal trash cans for residents. Therefore, it is necessary to develop facilities in the village to support the activities of the residents of Pesisir Village so that they can carry out their activities comfortably. The method for carrying out activities begins with discussions with local residents regarding the construction of rubbish bins, ablution places and sign boards along with their installation points. The results obtained during the activity were facilitating the community in disposing of rubbish easily, creating ablution facilities to facilitate worship activities, and creating sign boards as a useful information medium for the local community.
Complexity of enthesitis and new bone formation in ankylosing spondylitis: current understanding of the immunopathology and therapeutic approaches

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Despite increasing availability of treatments for spondyloarthritis (SpA) including tumour necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin-17 (IL-17) inhibitors, there is no established treatment that abates new bone formation (NBF) in ankylosing spondylitis (AS), a subset of SpA. Recent research on TNF has revealed the increased level of transmembrane TNF in the joint tissue of SpA patients compared to that of rheumatoid arthritis patients, which appears to facilitate TNF-driven osteo-proliferative changes in AS. In addition, there is considerable interest in the central role of IL-23/IL-17 axis in type 3 immunity and the therapeutic potential of blocking this axis to ameliorate enthesitis and NBF in AS. AS immunopathology involves a variety of immune cells, including both innate and adoptive immune cells, to orchestrate the immune response driving type 3 immunity. In response to external stimuli of inflammatory cytokines, local osteo-chondral progenitor cells activate intra-cellular anabolic molecules and signals involving hedgehog, bone morphogenetic proteins, receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand, and Wnt pathways to promote NBF in AS. Here, we provide an overview of the current immunopathology and future directions for the treatment of enthesitis and NBF associated with AS.
Design of Fuzzy Control T-S for Wind Energy Conversion System Based PMSG Using LMI Approach

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper proposes a new fuzzy control strategy of a variable speed wind based on Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG). The construction of a Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy controller is built to drive the states of the PMSG to track their optimal trajectory. Meanwhile, the Parallel Distributed Compensation (PDC) strategy is used to maximize the power output and enhance the system performance. In addition, the gains of the proposed controller are calculated using Linear Matrix Inequality (LMI) method. According to simulation results, at a wide range of wind, the proposed control strategy is significantly more efficient than Proportional Integral (PI).
The Relationship Between Corporate Governance and Earnings Management: Evidence From Bangladesh

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The main purpose of the research is to evaluate the effects of corporate governance on earnings management. The study is mainly based on secondary data, which was collected from the annual reports of non-financial organizations of Bangladesh from 2011-2021. The dependent variable of the study is earnings management, which was calculated based on accrual and real earnings management. The independent variable is the corporate governance index. The study uses the OLS regression technique to get empirical evidence. Empirical research demonstrates that corporate governance mechanisms have a substantial adverse effect on earnings management. The board-diversity index has a positive impact on accrual earnings management, whereas the audit committee index has a negative impact on it. The influence of the corporate governance index is more on discretionary accruals than real earnings manipulation. This study provides novel perspectives to the current body of knowledge on corporate governance and earnings management research.
[A case of neuropathic cancer pain in the lower extremities successfully treated with spinal cord stimulation].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A 76-year-old man was referred to our pain clinic for the treatment of bilateral lower extremity pain due to metastasis of renal cell carcinoma to the sacrum. The pain could not be controlled with narcotics, antidepressant or the epidural block. The characteristics of pain were like those of benign disease, being spontaneous, not exacerbated by body movement, and having a dysesthetic nature with chill sensations. Therefore, spinal cord stimulation (SCS) was performed, relieving the pain until death, 6 months after its induction. This case shows the usefulness of SCS for neuropathic cancer pain that shows signs similar to those of benign disease.