jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Trimethylamine-N-Oxide Promotes Osteoclast Differentiation and Bone Loss via Activating ROS-Dependent NF-κB Signaling Pathway

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), an important gut microbiota (GM)-derived metabolite, has been shown to be abnormally increased in osteoporosis. However, the role and underlying mechanism of TMAO in regulating bone loss during osteoporosis have not been fully investigated. In the current study, we found that 100–400 μM TMAO dose-dependently enhanced TRAP-positive osteoclasts, F-actin ring formation, and resorption area on bovine bone slices and up-regulated osteoclast-related gene expression (Calcr, Traf6, Dcstamp, Acp5, C-Fos, and NFATc1). Western blotting validated that TMAO not only activated NF-κB signaling pathway but also stimulated c-Fos and NFATc1 protein expression in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, BAY 11-7082, an NF-κB inhibitor, pretreatment markedly suppressed TRAP-positive osteoclast formation and osteoclast-related genes under TMAO treatment. BAY 11-7082 also inhibited p-p65/p65, c-Fos, and NFATc1 protein expression promoted by TMAO. Moreover, TMAO significantly increased ROS production, which was inhibited by N-acetylcysteine (NAC), an ROS antagonist. In addition, we proved that NAC pretreatment could inhibit TMAO-promoted NF-κB activation. NAC also suppressed TRAP-positive osteoclast formation, osteoclast-related gene expression, and protein expression of c-Fos and NFATc1 under TMAO treatment. In vivo studies showed significantly decreased bone mass and increased TRAP-positive osteoclasts in TMAO-treated C57BL/6 mice. Moreover, western-blotting and immunohistochemical staining showed that TMAO administration markedly stimulated NF-κB p65 expression. Additionally, TMAO administration significantly promoted the gene and protein expression of C-Fos and NFATc1. In conclusion, TMAO could promote osteoclast differentiation and induce bone loss in mice by activating the ROS-dependent NF-κB signaling pathway.
STUDY OF DIVERSITY OF HELMINTHES PARASITES IN FRESH WATER FISHES OF CHANKAPUR DAM SITUATED IN NASHIK TRIBAL ZONE

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Fishes are useful as well as harmful to human being. They have considerable economic importance. All fish carry pathogens and parasites. Today there is very less work on parasites which are occurring in fishes of chankapur dam. The present status of our knowledge on helminthes parasites of fishes in the chankapur dam is reviewed in the lite of the result of a recent investigation on fishes caught from chankapur dam waters. Diversity of digenetic trematodes, nematodes and cestodes in fishes of the chankapur dam are presented together with a discussion on certain aspects of the relationships between these helminthes with their respective fish hosts. Study of diversity of helminthes parasites in fresh water fishes of chankapur dams carried from period of one year. i.e. June 2019 to May 2020. So, in present investigation attempt has been made to evaluate the diversity of parasite from fresh water fishes.
Rural-urban and gender differences in time spent in unpaid household work in India

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This chapter addresses the crucial issues of gender and rural–urban differences in the time spent on unpaid household work in India. These are particularly pressing issues given the wide disparities between these groups. Women are largely under-represented in the workforce in India. According to a McKinsey Global Institute report on gender parity, women in India are almost ten times more likely to be engaged in unpaid work such as cooking, cleaning, and taking care of children and older members of the family than are men. This compares with a global average of roughly three times the amount of time spent by men. The findings that women spend more time than men in unpaid household activities related to management and maintenance and care of children, sick, elderly and disabled household members provide clear evidence that there is gender division of unproductive and productive activities which is induced by prevailing sociocultural norms and practices.
Narrow pollen diets are associated with declining Midwestern bumble bee species

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Many species of bumble bee ( Bombus ) have declined in range and abundance across Europe, the Americas, and Asia, whereas other species have persisted and remain common and widespread. One explanation as to why some species have declined, based primarily on studies of the European bumble bee fauna, is that declining species have relatively narrow pollen‐foraging niches and are less able to use alternative host plants in the absence of their preferred hosts. Though extensively explored in Europe, this hypothesis has not been investigated in North America, in part due to incomplete information on the foraging niche of many species. We selected 12 bumble bee species found in Michigan and quantified their pollen diets using museum specimens. We also extensively resurveyed the state to understand their contemporary status and distribution. Compared to a pre‐2000 baseline, six species remain relatively common and widespread, whereas six species show range contractions of over 50%. There was a significant relationship between dietary breadth and distributional range change, with declined or declining species collecting around one‐third fewer pollen types than stable species. Though there were significant compositional differences, we found no differences in the number of pollen types collected by species with differing tongue lengths. Overall, these results support the hypothesis that species with narrower dietary niches are at greater risk of decline. However, it is not clear if narrow dietary niches are a cause of declines, or if both are driven by an underlying factor such as proximity to the edge of climatic niches. Further research is needed to improve our understanding of dietary niche in bumble bees, and how it interacts with other factors to influence population trajectories of stable and at‐risk species.
Teaching soft issues in strategic managment with films: Arguments and suggestions

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Strategic matters are extraordinarily complex and involve many different and interlinked processes and influences. This makes the subject difficult for students lacking managerial experience as they are unaware of the intricacy of the problems being discussed. Strategy requires not just a theoretical understanding of the subject, but also a practical feel for business and organisation. We argue that films can help the instructor because they offer elaborate multidimensional and multi-layered contexts which mirror the reality of business. Moreover, their powerful narratives aid the retention of ideas and encourage engagement with issues. To illustrate the appropriateness of films in teaching strategic management, we review the strategy curriculum, highlight some of the teaching difficulties and show how using films could help students’ learning.
Shifts in the feeding ecology of the endemic and Endangered Sardinella tawilis in Lake Taal, Philippines

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Understanding fish feeding ecology may provide key ecological information for fisheries conservation and management. In Lake Taal, Philippines, the Endangered status of the endemic Sardinella tawilis , the world’s only freshwater Sardinella species, underscores the threats and vulnerability of its remaining population due to the recent eruption of Taal Volcano and ongoing anthropogenic pressures. In this study, we examined possible shifts in the feeding ecology of S. tawilis by assessing its trophic position through the evaluation of the pelagic food web structure in Lake Taal and analyzing changes in its prey preferences, diet composition, morphometrics, and gonadal maturity between 2 collection periods: pre- and post-eruption of Taal Volcano. Stable isotope analysis (SIA) quantitatively confirmed that S. tawilis primarily feeds on zooplankton due to its size-selective zooplanktivorous feeding behavior. This was further confirmed by gut content analysis (GCA) revealing the dominance of copepods and cladocerans in its diet. Temporal comparison of diet composition and the selectivity index indicated a shift in the most preferred prey item from calanoids to cyclopoid copepods and a noticeable increased preference for Moina micrura , Ceriodaphnia cornuta , and Bosmina fatalis . However, morphometry and gonadal maturity showed no significant differences between the collection periods. Together, these findings provide a 15 yr update on the feeding ecology of S. tawilis , and demonstrate the capacity of combined SIA and GCA to elucidate trophic interactions. These could aid stakeholders and policymakers in creating ecosystem-based conservation and management strategies to aid recovery of this Endangered species.
Isolation and identification of a novel subtype of Banna Virus in Gansu Province.

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

In order to isolate Banna virus (BAV) from mosquitoes collected in Gansu provinceand ana lysis the sequence characterizations of the new isolates,mosquitoes were collected from suburban villages of Pingliang city in 2007. The mosquito samples were then grinded for virus isolation. Isolated virus was identified by ELISA and RT-PCR methods. The segment 12 of the new BAV isolates was amplified by RT-PCR,and then its sequence was determined. Sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis about the BAVs were performed using Clustal X 1.8,GENEDOC and MEGA3.1 programs.It was found that eleven virus isolates which caused cytopathic effect (CPE) in C6/36 cells were isolated from mosquitoes,among which nine strains were identified as BAV. The genome electrophoresis profiles of the nine BAV isolates showed small differences from the BAV Beijing strain (BJ95-75). The segment 6 of new isolates showed smaller than that of Beijing strain in the PAGE profile. Sequence analysis about the segment 12 of BAV found that the nucleotide identitiy of VP12 gene was 99.5%-100% among the new isolates. The identidies of 88.6%-97.6% (nucleotides) and 85.5%-97.1% (amino acids) were found between new isolates and other strains. Phylogenetic analysis based on BAV VP12 gene showed that BAV Gansu isolates (total ten strains) were clustered within a distinct branch,which revealed a distinct phylogenetic relationship with other BAVs. From these observations,it is evident that BAV Gansu isolates possessed distinct regionally differentia and were possible to be identified as a novel subtype of this species.
Studies on exploiting semiochemicals for pest management in organic farming systems OF0188

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The goal of this special section is to work toward establishing a common identity for relationally inclined clinicians across proscribed theoretical orientations, facilitating a shared identity among diverse psychotherapists while placing a spotlight on relationship research. This article discusses the need for a more coherent and less polarizing professional identity for psychotherapists and why a more universal relational orientation to psychotherapy is timely given the current state of psychotherapy practice and research. Lastly, common relational themes that run throughout the diverse treatment paradigms presented in this special section are discussed, framing what it means to be a relational psychotherapist while hopefully providing some direction for future research and clinical training.
Chapter 5. Lebanon: The tourist nation-state

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Already in the early days of the mandate, a broad consensus existed in Lebanon about the importance of tourism.While initially tourism was perceived as a major economic potential by Lebanese actors and the mandate power alike, it was increasingly understood as a vital political resource.The chapter shows not only the contradictions tourism development generated for the mandate power, but also the opposition among Lebanese lower classes against tourism development.Over time, however, tourism contributed to both an imaginary and a material consolidation of the national territory, stabilising the Lebanese borders and contributing to the acknowledgement of Lebanon in both a regional and a global context.
Oryza sativa L. subsp. indica S.Kato WAB0034157

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Plant Genetic Resource.
Taxonomy: Oryza sativa L. subsp. indica S.Kato
Common name(s): Rice
Other names: TOS 11588-C
Conserved by: Africa Rice Center (AfricaRice), Côte d'Ivoire
Local sample unique identifier: WAB0034157
Method of creation: Inherited
Date: 1980
Other identifiers: n/a,TOS 11588-C
Historical: No
Biological status: Traditional cultivar/landrace
MLS status: Included
Lyme Arthritis in a Military Dependent Child transferred from Japan

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Lyme arthritis is the most common manifestation of late Lyme disease in children. Lyme disease is known to be endemic to Japan, but is rarely diagnosed. We report the identification and successful treatment of an adolescent male with Lyme arthritis who recently relocated with his family from a US Military base in Japan to Virginia. This case highlights the importance of obtaining a travel history from military members and their families who frequently relocate due to military orders. Military medical providers must be aware of tropical and travel-related illnesses and infections that may have been acquired at a prior duty station.
Planning and Simulation of High-Voltage Energy Storage Assembly for Automotive Industry - from Scalable Product Concepts via Assembly Planning and Material Flow Simulation through to Web-Based Assembly Information

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Driven by the demand for green mobility alternatives and the claim to reduce the carbon footprint, technologies for electric mobility are on the advance. Although the idea of using electricity as drive energy came up more than 150 years ago, a considerable potential of development still remains. The automotive industry is in the midst of a time of transition, in which business may change fundamentally in order to meet the upcoming conditions.
Inventory routing of industrial gases with stochastic demand

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

This report proposes a methodology to solve the inventory routing problem of industrial gases with stochastic demand. The gas tanker distributes gases from a depot to several dispersed customers in a route, and each customer has stochastic demand modeled by a Brownian motion. The proposed model determines the optimal quantity required to refill each customer by minimizing the cost associated with earliness, which increases number of visits per year, and lateness, which increases probability of stockout. Overall, the proposed model minimizes the total system cost, helps find the optimal tanker capacity for a given route, and improves supplier and customers' relationship. Numerical examples and sensitivity analysis are given to illustrate the proposed model.
APOPTOTIC PATHWAYS IN HUMAN BREAST CANCER CELL MODELS (MCF-7 AND MDA-MB-231) INDUCED BY RICE BRAN DERIVED PENTAPEPTIDE

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Bioactive peptides derived from food sources with anti-proliferative properties against cancer have drawn more attention in recent years. A pentapeptide derived from rice bran has shown anti-proliferative property on human breast cancer cells. The objective of this study was to investigate the apoptotic pathways induced by the pentapeptide in breast cancer cell models (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231). The growth inhibition activity of pentapeptide was evaluated by phenazine methosulfate-3-(4,5-dimethyl thiazole-2-yl)]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTS) assay in a dose-dependent manner. The levels of molecular targets (TNF-α, Bax, Bcl-2, Fas, and erbB-2) were evaluated by ELISA kits. Pentapeptide showed growth inhibition activity of 80-85% on MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 at a dosage of 1000 µg/mL with a significantly high reduction (80%) of MCF-7 cells even at a lower dosage – 400 µg/mL. Significant (p < 0.05) decreases in the levels of Bcl-2 and erbB-2 and increases in the levels of TNF-α and Bax were detected after pentapeptide treatment over an incubation period of 72 to 96 hrs. The results suggest that the rice bran pentapeptide inhibits human breast cancer cell proliferation by introducing apoptosis through Caspase-dependent pathways.
Clinical Analysis of Laparoscopic Common Bile Duct Exploration (64 Cases Report)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To study the clinical experience and effect of laparoscopic common bile duct exploration(LCBDE).Method The data of 64 cases underwent LCBDE was retrospectively analysed.Results 3 cases conversed to open surgery.In the 61 cases completed LCBDE,21 cases received primary suture and 40 cases received T-tube drainage.2 cases suffered from bile leakage and 3 cases from remnant stone after operation.In the 47 cases who were followed up,recurrent calculi were found in 3.Conclusion In the patients with indications,LCBDE is a safe and effective method for choledocholithiasis with advantages of mini-trauma,short hospitalization and little pain.
First record of the Mallee Whipbird Psophodes nigrogularis leucogaster in Victoria since 1985

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

https://afo.birdlife.org.au/afo/index.php/afo/article/view/2311 Abstract. The Mallee Whipbird (White-bellied Whipbird) Psophodes nigrogularis leucogaster is a threatened passerine restricted to mallee-heath vegetation in the Eyre Peninsula, Yorke Peninsula and southern Murray Mallee region of eastern South Australia and western Victoria. This taxon is both difficult to detect and has undergone significant declines in range and abundance over the past century. The last records in Victoria were made in 1985 in the Big Desert State Forest. Here, we report a new record in the Big Desert Wilderness Park made in October 2022. This record was the result of extensive field surveys targeting this and other threatened mallee bird taxa. We also recorded the Mallee Whipbird in the adjoining Ngarkat Conservation Park (South Australia), 5 years after the most recent record in that reserve and only the second record there after extensive wildfires in 2014. Both records were in vegetation burnt 8 years earlier, with a mix of low whipstick mallee (Narrowleaved Red Mallee Eucalyptus leptophylla) and diverse regenerating heath vegetation. The Mallee Whipbird must now be considered one of Victoria’s rarest resident birds, with only one location known for the state.
Pole determination of and in the decay *

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Two near-threshold peaking structures with spin-parities of were recently discovered by the LHCb Collaboration in the invariant mass distribution of the decay process . In our study, we employed a coupled-channel model to fit the experimental results published by the LHCb Collaboration, simultaneously fitting the model to the invariant mass distributions of , , and . We utilized a coupled-channel model to search for the poles of and . The determination of the poles is meaningful in itself, and it also lays a foundation for future research on and . Upon turning off the coupled-channel and performing another fit, we observed a change in the fitting quality, and the effect was almost entirely due to the peak of . Therefore, we suggest that may not be a kinematic effect.
Functional Morphology of the Large Intestine

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract The sections in this article are: Comparative Anatomy Invertebrates Chordata Human Large Intestine Gross Anatomy of Human Large Intestine Development Histology and Ultrastructure of Adult Mammalian Large Intestine Cecum, Colon, Appendix, and Upper Rectum Tunica Mucosa Tela Submucosa Tunica Muscularis Lymphoid Tissue and Appendix Tunica Serosa (Serosa) Lower Rectum and Anal Canal Restitution Concluding Remarks
Near‐harvest application of methyl jasmonate affected phenolic content and antioxidant properties in “Thompson Seedless” grape

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract The influence of methyl jasmonate (MJ) preharvest treatment was investigated on some polyphenols and antioxidant systems in the “Thompson Seedless” table grape. The clusters were sprayed in the vineyard 2 days before harvest with 0, 1, 5, and 10 mM MJ. After picking, berries were stored for 6 days at 15°C, simulating marketing conditions. Total phenols and flavonoids were affected by MJ treatment, especially at 10 mM concentration, whereas total tannins were found to be unchanged. Antioxidant activity of the treated skin was noticeably higher compared with the control, together with PAL and POD activity. Although MJ had little effect on catechin and epicatechin, the levels of quercetin and rutin were noticeable. In addition, 5 and 10 mM MJ exerted a pronounced effect on transresveratrol content. These data showed that a single preharvest application close to the harvest time could be an effective treatment to promote the antioxidant properties of the grape.
Abnormal magnetic resonance imaging T2 relaxation time asymmetries in Tourette's syndrome

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Recent imaging studies in Tourette's syndrome (TS) have reported a loss of normal asymmetry in basal ganglia volumes. Our recent report of reduced midline sagittal cross-sectional area in TS suggests that altered lateralization may be widespread throughout the TS cerebrum. We report here our analyses of cerebral asymmetries of T2 (transverse or spin-spin) relaxation times derived from multi-echo/multi-planar/spin-echo magnetic resonance images in 14 adult TS subjects and 14 matched normal control subjects. T2 relaxation times were found to be asymmetric throughout the cerebrum of normal control subjects, with differences seen between T2 times of corresponding regions of both cerebral hemispheres that were small in magnitude (2-5%) but of a high degree of statistical significance in all regions examined. Our hypothesis of altered T2 relaxation time asymmetries in TS was confirmed in a multivariate analysis of variance, with post hoc analyses suggesting that group differences were attributable to specific asymmetry differences in the TS insular cortex and frontal white matter. Exploratory analyses revealed group differences in T2 times of the amygdala and red nucleus, as well as significantly lower ferritin levels in the TS group. These findings are discussed in relation to the previous TS volumetric studies, and the tissue characteristics that might produce normal and abnormal relaxation time asymmetries are considered.