jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Molecular and Biological Aspects of the Acute Allergic Reaction

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Book Review| April 01 1978 Molecular and Biological Aspects of the Acute Allergic Reaction Molecular and Biological Aspects of the Acute Allergic Reaction. S. G. O. JOHANSSON, STRANDBERG KJELL, BÖRJE UVNÅS. Plenum PressNew York 1976, pp. 463, $47.40 L. J. F. YOULTEN L. J. F. YOULTEN Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (1978) 6 (2): 470–471. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0060470 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation L. J. F. YOULTEN; Molecular and Biological Aspects of the Acute Allergic Reaction. Biochem Soc Trans 1 April 1978; 6 (2): 470–471. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0060470 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1978 Biochemical Society1978 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Primary care nurse practitioners and the interface with secondary care: a qualitative study of referral practice

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This study was initiated out of the first author’s disquiet, as a nurse practitioner, at objections raised to nurse referral to consultants on poorly defined grounds. Group and individual interviews were conducted with six hospital consultants, ten GP registrars and seven nurse practitioners. Six of the nurse practitioners were making referrals to consultants, and all of the consultants had experience of receiving referrals from nurse practitioners. All the nurse practitioners had medical mentors in their practices and reported that all their role developments had been negotiated, planned and supported. Referrals to secondary care were made with the support of their employers.
Function and Mechanism of Jasmonic Acid in Plant Responses to Abiotic and Biotic Stresses

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

As sessile organisms, plants must tolerate various environmental stresses. Plant hormones play vital roles in plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. Among these hormones, jasmonic acid (JA) and its precursors and derivatives (jasmonates, JAs) play important roles in the mediation of plant responses and defenses to biotic and abiotic stresses and have received extensive research attention. Although some reviews of JAs are available, this review focuses on JAs in the regulation of plant stress responses, as well as JA synthesis, metabolism, and signaling pathways. We summarize recent progress in clarifying the functions and mechanisms of JAs in plant responses to abiotic stresses (drought, cold, salt, heat, and heavy metal toxicity) and biotic stresses (pathogen, insect, and herbivore). Meanwhile, the crosstalk of JA with various other plant hormones regulates the balance between plant growth and defense. Therefore, we review the crosstalk of JAs with other phytohormones, including auxin, gibberellic acid, salicylic acid, brassinosteroid, ethylene, and abscisic acid. Finally, we discuss current issues and future opportunities in research into JAs in plant stress responses.
Targeted protein degradation through site-specific antibody conjugation with mannose 6-phosphate glycan

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Recent developments in targeted protein degradation have provided great opportunities to eliminating extracellular protein targets using potential therapies with unique mechanisms of action and pharmacology. Among them, Lysosome-Targeting Chimeras (LYTACs) acting through mannose 6-phosphate receptor (M6PR) have been shown to facilitate degradation of several soluble and membrane-associated proteins in lysosomes with high efficiency. Herein we have developed a novel site-specific antibody conjugation approach to generate antibody mannose 6-phosphate (M6P) conjugates. The method uses a high affinity synthetic M6P glycan, bisM6P, that is coupled to an Fc-engineered antibody NNAS. This mutant without any effector function was generated by switching the native glycosylation site from position 297 to 298 converting non-sialylated structures to highly sialylated N-glycans. The sialic acid of the glycans attached to Asn298 in the engineered antibody was selectively conjugated to bisM6P without chemoenzymatic modification, which is often used for site-specific antibody conjugation through glycans. The conjugate is mainly homogeneous by analysis using mass spectrometry, typically with one or two glycans coupled. The M6P-conjugated antibody against a protein of interest (POI) efficiently internalized targeted soluble proteins, such as human tumor necrosis factor (TNF), in both cancer cell lines and human immune cells, through the endo-lysosomal pathway as demonstrated by confocal microscopy and flow cytometry. TNF in cell culture media was significantly depleted after the cells were incubated with the M6P-conjugated antibody. TNF internalization is mediated through M6PR, and it is correlated well with cell surface expression of cation-independent M6PR (CI-MPR) in immune cells. A significant amount of CI-MPR remains on the cell surface, while internalized TNF is degraded in lysosomes. Thus, the antibody-M6P conjugate is highly efficient in inducing internalization and subsequent lysosome-mediated protein degradation. Our platform provides a unique method for producing biologics-based degraders that may be used to treat diseases through event-driven pharmacology, thereby addressing unmet medical needs.
Open Doors, Closed Minds: American Prose Writing at a Time of Crisis

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Journal Article Open Doors, Closed Minds: American Prose Writing at a Time of Crisis Get access Richard Gray Richard Gray grayr@essex.ac.uk Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar American Literary History, Volume 21, Issue 1, Spring 2009, Pages 128–151, https://doi.org/10.1093/alh/ajn061 Published: 24 October 2008
Effect of Growth Hormone Therapy on Severe Short Stature and Skeletal Deformities in a Patient with Combined Turner Syndrome and Langer Mesomelic Dysplasia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

There was a failure to achieve growth improvements with GH therapy for 4 years, but there was no worsening of the skeletal deformities. We conclude that GH therapy may not be beneficial in severe short stature due to combined TS and LMD resulting from homozygous SHOX deficiency.
Effect of Different Salinity Levels on Expression of Three Plasma Membrane Associated Genes of Penaeus monodon

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In this study, three genes, PmATP synthase, PmNa + -K + -ATPase and PmToll receptor gene, were selected to study their relative expression in different tissues of Penaeus monodon.The results showed that the mRNA level of PmATP synthase gene was not significantly up-regulated under low salt stimulation (P> 0.05),while under high salinity stimulation, the transcription level of PmATP synthase mRNA reached the maximum at 16th h (P<0.05).The expression level of PmNa + -K + -ATPase mRNA increased at 4th h and 16th h, which was significantly higher than that in the beginning under low salt stimulation (P<0.05) and then decreased at 32nd h, ,while under high salinity stimulation, the expression level of PmNa + -K + -ATPase mRNA reached the highest at 8th h and 32nd h.The expression level of PmToll receptor mRNA reached the highest at 4th h after low salinity stimulation (P<0.05), and then down-regulated after 16th h, while under high salinity stress, the expression level was up-regulated and reached the maximum at 8th h, which was 2.4 times of that the in the control group (P<0.05) and decreased at 16th h after stress.PmATP synthase gene was relatively high expression, while PmNa + -K + -ATPase and PmToll receptor gene expression were low, so we guess that the large amounts of ATP of the body synthesis mainly use for the growth of the body.PmNa + -K + -ATPase and PmToll receptor gene expression are relatively high, which indicate that the body osmotic pressure regulation and the body's immune process consume a lot of energy.
Twenty Years of Industrial Therapy in Britain

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

During the early 1950s, reemergence into the community remained a pipe dream for chronic psychotic patients in Britain. Hospitals provided no realistic rehabilitation; occupational therapy was poorly developed, and departments, where they existed, were (with a few exceptions) poorly housed and staffed. The main sources of employment were the hospital service and maintenance departments, in which there was no attempt to provide training and the possibility of exploitation was so great as to render the patients* work often antitherapeutic. All this was becoming more obvious as social and medical developments led increasingly to a liberalization of hospital conditions. Newly admitted patients were discharged more rapidly; but chronic patients, whose living conditions, at least, were gradually improving, remained immovable. Then, as now, extra -hospital arrangements for work rehabilitation and training were inappropriate to t;he needs of mental patients. Short assessment for 8-12 weeks in industrial rehabilitation units
Community-level Association between Clinical Trachoma and Ocular Chlamydia Infection after MASS Azithromycin Distribution in a Mesoendemic Region of Niger

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose: The clinical sign trachomatous inflammation - follicular (TF) is used to monitor indication for and response to mass azithromycin distribution in trachoma-endemic communities. Here, we assess the relationship between TF, trachomatous inflammation - intense (TI), and infection with ocular Chlamydia trachomatis over time during annual mass azithromycin distribution. Methods: We used data from a cluster-randomized trial of mass azithromycin distribution for trachoma control in a mesoendemic region of Niger. This study includes 24 communities that received 3 years of annual mass azithromycin distribution. TF, TI, and ocular chlamydia infection were monitored among children aged 0-5 years. We assessed the correlation between the prevalence of ocular chlamydia infection and 1) TF and 2) TI prevalence over time. Results: At baseline, ocular chlamydia prevalence was 21.2% (95% CI 14.3-28.1%), TF prevalence was 27.7% (95% CI 21.2-34.2%), and TI prevalence was 8.3% (95% CI 5.2-11.5%). The prevalence of all three measures decreased significantly over time (P < 0.001). At baseline, ocular chlamydia infection prevalence was strongly correlated with both TF (rho = 0.78, P < 0.0001) and TI (rho = 0.76, P < 0.0001). The correlation between ocular chlamydia infection and both TF and TI was weak at months 12 and 24. At 36 months, when TF prevalence had dropped below 10%, ocular chlamydia infection and TF were moderately correlated (rho = 0.70, P= 0.0002). Conclusions: Both TF and TI are good indicators of infection prevalence prior to mass azithromycin distribution. However, this relationship may be affected by repeated rounds of mass azithromycin distribution.
Instrumented Versus Noninstrumented Spinal Fusion for Degenerative Lumbar Spondylolisthesis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Study Design: Systematic review. Objective: This systematic review compares radiographic and clinical outcomes between instrumented and noninstrumented posterolateral lumbar spine fusions for the treatment of degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis. Summary of Background Data: The optimal method of fusion for instability from degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis remains to be an area of debate amongst spine surgeons. There are no prior comprehensive systematic review of comparative studies that compares outcomes between instrumented and noninstrumented posterolateral spine fusions for the treatment of degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis. Materials and Methods: A systematic review was registered with PROSPERO and performed according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines using the PubMed, SCOPUS, and Ovid MEDLINE databases. All level I–III comparative studies published in the English language investigating the clinical outcomes between instrumented and noninstrumented posterolateral spine fusions for the treatment of degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis were included. Results: Seven studies (672 patients, 274 noninstrumented, 398 instrumented) were analyzed. One randomized study was level I evidence, 2 randomized studies were level II, and 4 nonrandomized studies were level III. Mean follow-up ranged from 1.4 to 5.9 years. Instrumented patients had a higher rate of solid fusion (87.6% vs. 77.1%, P =0.023) and a lower rate of definitive pseudarthrosis (5.3% vs. 19.9%, P <0.001). However, there was no difference in overall functional improvement at final follow-up between the 2 treatment groups (75.0% vs. 81.7%, P =0.258). In addition, there was no difference in reoperation or complication rates. Conclusions: For the treatment of degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis, there are significantly higher rates of fusion among patients undergoing instrumented posterolateral fusion compared with noninstrumented posterolateral fusion. However, there is no difference in overall functional improvement, pain-related outcome scores, reoperation rates, or complication rates between the 2 treatment groups. Level of Evidence: Level III—systematic review of level I–III studies.
Independent β-arrestin 2 and G protein-mediated pathways for angiotensin II activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Stimulation of a mutant angiotensin type 1A receptor (DRY/AAY) with angiotensin II (Ang II) or of a wild-type receptor with an Ang II analog ([sarcosine 1 ,Ile 4 ,Ile 8 ]Ang II) fails to activate classical heterotrimeric G protein signaling but does lead to recruitment of β-arrestin 2-GFP and activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) (maximum stimulation ≈50% of wild type). This G protein-independent activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase is abolished by depletion of cellular β-arrestin 2 but is unaffected by the PKC inhibitor Ro-31-8425. In parallel, stimulation of the wild-type angiotensin type 1A receptor with Ang II robustly stimulates ERK1/2 activation with ≈60% of the response blocked by the PKC inhibitor (G protein dependent) and the rest of the response blocked by depletion of cellular β-arrestin 2 by small interfering RNA (β-arrestin dependent). These findings imply the existence of independent G protein- and β-arrestin 2-mediated pathways leading to ERK1/2 activation and the existence of distinct “active” conformations of a seven-membrane-spanning receptor coupled to each.
Emotionality Does but Spirituality Does Not: The Effect of Emotional and Spiritual Intelligence on Organisational Citizenship Behaviour

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The current study explores the relationship between emotional intelligence (EI) and spiritual intelligence (SI) and the consequent effect of both on organisational citizenship behaviour (OCB). The piece of writing measures the concept of EI, SI and OCB across 555 respondents from various public and private sector organisations in India. The goodness of fit is measured with the help of AMOS by using structural equation modelling (SEM), and association between the variables is examined by using path analysis for hypotheses testing. Results of the study unveil a significant correlation between EI and SI and further depict that EI only has a significant effect on employees’ OCB and their SI as such has no effect on it.
Development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of lolines in pastures

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Polyclonal antibodies were produced in sheep for the development of a competitive enzyme-linked immunoassay for use in quantifying loline alkaloids in pasture samples. Lolines are aminopyrrolizidine secondary metabolites produced by fungal endophytes present in tall fescue and meadow fescue grasses, and confer increased resistance to a range of grass pests. Immunizing and plate coating antigens were prepared with derivatized loline dihydrochloride. Cross-reactivity studies indicated that the assay developed has broad specificity and antibody binding to loline analogues is affected by structural changes in the side chain of the loline molecule. Results obtained using the optimized immunoassay were compared with those determined by gas chromatography. The assay provides a sensitive and rapid analytical method that detects the loline analogues of interest and has been applied in pasture breeding programmes. The assay limit of quantitation for lolines in pasture is 3 µg/g in dried herbage.
A Molecular Phylogeny of Kingfishers (Alcedinidae) With Insights Into Early Biogeographic History

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract The phylogeny of kingfishers was reconstructed by comparing mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences representing 38 ingroup species. Analysis of the combined data and the nuclear data alone recovered the Alcedininae as the basal lineage in the family. This basal arrangement, and support for many relationships within the three subfamilies, allows discussion of biogeographic issues. The Australian region and Pacific islands display the highest diversity of kingfishers, but this diversity is not a reflection of a long history in the region. Rather, high diversity and endemism in the Australian region is inferred to result from relatively recent radiations from southern Asia. The most parsimonious explanation for the origin of New World taxa is two dispersal events from the Old World. Within the large Halcyon radiation, the phylogeny is well resolved and allows evaluation of generic assignments. The phylogeny supports splitting Todiramphus from Halcyon. Todiramphus and Syma are sister taxa, as are Halcyon and Pelargopsis. Thus, merging or retaining those genera is a more subjective decision. Although not fully resolved, relationships within the alcedinines indicate that Ceyx and Alcedo, as currently delimited, are not natural groups. Phylogénie Moléculaire des Alcedinidae avec un Aperçu de l'Histoire Biogéographique Ancienne
Sputum mediator profiling in severe asthma: relationships with clinical phenotypes, airway inflammation and morphometry in stable disease and at exacerbations

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Asthma is characterised by typical symptoms or cough, breathlessness and wheeze with variable airflow obstruction. It is severe in about 10% of asthmatics with persistent symptoms and frequent exacerbations. There is increasing recognition that asthma, and to a greater extent severe asthma, is a heterogeneous disease with respect to its aetiology, inflammatory profile, and clinical expression and treatment responses. However, our understanding of the relationship between cellular and cytokine profiles in severe asthma with symptoms, physiology, airway morphometry and environmental exposure to pathogens in stable disease and at exacerbations is poorly understood. I hypothesized that sputum mediator profiling in severe asthma would identify clinically important biological phenotypes in stable disease and provide insights into relationships with airway remodelling and reveal key dynamic changes in airway inflammation at exacerbation. I undertook a multivariate analysis of sputum mediators from severe asthmatics in stable state and found distinct biological phenotypes associated with clinical features and moreover differential sputum cell counts. Interestingly, in obese asthmatics sputum IL-5 was elevated in spite of a low sputum eosinophil count whereas bronchial submucosal eosinophils were increased suggesting eosinophil trafficking is altered in obese asthmatics. Sputum mediator profiles were weakly associated with airway morphometry. At exacerbation there were marked differences in sputum mediator profiles with upregulation of Th1 cytokines, TNF-R1 and IL-1β in those with evidence of bacterial colonisation and with IL-6R most strongly associated with severe exacerbations of asthma. In summary, this thesis has explored sputum mediator profiles in severe asthma; informed our understanding of the mechanisms underpinning the heterogeneity of disease and identified biomarkers of exacerbations.
Reconstructing the Bost--Connes semigroup actions from K-theory

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We complete the classification of Bost--Connes systems. We show that two Bost--Connes C*-algebras for number fields are isomorphic if and only if the original semigroups actions are conjugate. Together with recent reconstruction results in number theory by Cornelissen--de Smit--Li--Marcolli--Smit, we conclude that two Bost--Connes C*-algebras are isomorphic if and only if the original number fields are isomorphic.
The role of insulin/IGF-like signaling in C. elegans longevity and aging

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Aging is characterized by general physiological decline over time. A hallmark of human senescence is the onset of various age-related afflictions including neurodegeneration, cardiovascular disease and cancer. Although environmental and stochastic factors undoubtedly contribute to the increased incidence of disease with age, recent studies suggest that intrinsic genetic determinants govern both life span and overall health. Current aging research aims at achieving the ‘longevity dividend’, in which life span extension in humans is accomplished with a concomitant increase in the quality of life (Olshansky et al., 2007). Significant progress has been made using model organisms, especially the nematode worm Caenorhabditis elegans, to delineate the genetic and biochemical pathways involved in aging to identify strategies for therapeutic intervention in humans. In this review, we discuss how C. elegans has contributed to our understanding of insulin signaling and aging.