jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Public Sentiment Analysis about Independent Curriculum with VADER Annotations using the Naive Bayes and K-Nearest Neighbor Methods

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The educational curriculum is a device or
system of plans and arrangements regarding learning
materials on teaching and learning activities. If the
curriculum does not meet the requirements or facilitate
teaching and learning activities, then the curriculum
cannot be said to be good. The aim of this research is to
filter and analyze sentiment from public opinion towards
the newest curriculum in Indonesia, namely the
independent curriculum, which will be made into the
national curriculum in the upcoming 2024. The dataset
used is tweets from Twitter as many as 667 lines of tweets
labeled as positive and negative categories. The labeling
process is done automatically using the VADER
sentiment library. In sentiment analysis, one of the
classification methods that is quite good in sentiment
classification is Naive Bayes and K-Nearest Neighbor
(KNN). The Naive Bayes method is fairly good in the data
classification process that can study the training data
provided to it properly, while KNN is a simple method
that is quite easy to understand and is often used in the
classification process which produces quite good
accuracy compared to other methods. The stages in
conducting sentiment analysis in this study are data
collection, data preprocessing, labeling or annotation of
data, data visualization, classification and evaluation.In addition, the results of
sentiment tend to be negative, so it can be concluded that
the independent curriculum which will be made into the
national curriculum has not been well received by the
public, so this can be taken into consideration for the
Indonesian government to make the independent
curriculum a national curriculum.
PRIVATIZATION, CITY RESIDENCY, AND BLACK-WHITE EARNINGS DIFFERENTIALS: EVIDENCE FROM THE PUBLIC TRANSIT SECTOR

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The paper discusses the economics of discrimination and suggests that enhanced competition creates a business environment that discourages employers from paying racial earnings differences. The study tests that hypothesis by examining black-white earnings differentials for public transit bus drivers for pre- and post-privatization periods. A significant erosion of the racial earnings differential was revealed by the findings in the post-privatization period. The findings also reveal that public transit black union drivers earned more than their white counterparts prior to privatization. City residency accounts for 43% of the pre-privatization premium. However, both the city residency earnings advantage and the black-white union premium declined appreciably in the post privatization period.
Basic Mechanisms of Action of the Antiepileptic Drugs

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Available antiepileptic drugs interact with a variety of different molecular targets. The mechanism of action of most anticonvulsants is most often complex with a number of affected regions. The combination of mechanisms of action of drugs in particular proportions can possibly determine the showcase of its antiepileptic activity. The common factor between the different supposed mechanisms for a number of drugs includes the possibility for modulating the excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission through effects upon the voltage-gated ion channels, synaptic plasticity, heterogeneous receptors, and metabolism of neurotransmitters. There are controversial data on the extent to which a specific action can be the reason for the wholesome anticonvulsive characteristics of various medications, as well as the relation with the presence of undesired drug effects. The complexity of the action of some antiepileptic drugs creates conditions for optimal choice during therapy. In many cases, the insufficient familiarity with individual genetic differences and the disease related receptor damages can hinder defining a particular drug action. Characterizing the mechanisms of action of the present antiepileptic medications would increase the understanding for the pathophysiological mechanisms of epileptic seizures, as well as the development of new therapeutic strategies. The development of novel antiepileptic drugs and the ongoing research regarding the mechanism of action of established antiepileptic drugs, are continuously increasing the level of complexity in the spectrum of molecular targets relevant for epilepsy therapy. The current state of knowledge as well as the limitations in our understanding should guide future research aiming for a more detailed elucidation of the impact of genetics and pathophysiological mechanisms on interindividual differences in expression and function of antiepileptic drug targets.
PCR-RFLP studies for BLB2 region and Interferon- promoter region in naked neck

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

PCR-RFLP of 277 bp β1 domain of BLB2 with Taq I restriction enzyme and of 659 bp fragment of IFN-γ promoter region with Tsp 509I was done in a resource population comprising of 7 birds with high HI titre (6.54 ± 0.36), 7 birds with medium HI titre (4.81±0.32) and 6 birds having low HI tire (1.32±0.42) against ND vaccine in a specialized naked neck population. Taq1 PCR-RFLP of 277 bp β1 domain detected low polymorphism between these titre groups. Similarly, Tsp 509I PCR-RFLP though produced polymorphic profile between the titre groups, however the amount of polymorphism was low. The TaqI-BLB2 as well as Tsp509I-IFN-γ PCR RFLP genotypes showed no specific trend among the titre groups.
Bis{2-methoxy-6-[tris(hydroxymethyl)methyliminomethyl]phenolato-κ3O,N,O′}manganese(II) dimethanol solvate hemihydrate

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

In the title complex, [Mn(C(12)H(16)NO(5))(2)]·2CH(3)OH·0.5H(2)O, the Mn(II) atom has a distorted octa-hedral coordination geometry in which two N atoms from two 6-meth-oxy-2-[tris-(hydroxy-meth-yl)methyl-imino-meth-yl]phenolate ligands adopt a trans arrangement. The Mn-O(H) bonds (mean length 2.134 Å) are significantly longer than the Mn-O and Mn-N bonds (mean length 2.011 and 2.027 Å, respectively), and the dihedral angle between the mean planes through the aromatic rings of the two ligands is 76.8 (1)°. A complex network of O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds is formed between the complexes and the uncoordinated methanol and water mol-ecules. The C and O atoms of one C-OH group are disordered with equal occupancies.
The Cost of Intraparty Competition

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Many scholars have argued that money politics in Japan has been driven in part by the imperatives of intraparty competition under the single, nontransferable vote (SNTV) system used for lower house elections until 1994. However, to date, no one has undertaken a systematic, quantitative study of campaign expenditure in Japan. In this article, the authors exploit the intraelection reports—which are believed to be accurate accounts of spending during the brief official campaign—to investigate how Japanese candidates adapted their last-minute expenditures to SNTV. The authors show that candidates spent more when they faced more intraparty competition. The results for Liberal Democratic Party candidates suggest that intraparty competition boosted campaign-period spending by approximately 4% to 18%. The authors also find evidence that the spending appears to be reactive, with candidates increasing their expenditures to counter higher spending by other candidates and especially spending by copartisans.
Integrative and Theoretical Reviews of Achievement Motivation for School Psychologists: Introduction to the Special Issue

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

A theoretically grounded understanding of achievement motivation appears to be largely overlooked in both initial education programs and ongoing professional development of school psychologists. This is unfortunate because motivation constructs such as perceived control, value, and self-beliefs predict students’ academic performance in a way that complements the variance explained by intelligence tests. This empirical evidence is rooted in long-standing theorizing that motivation constructs hold an important role alongside cognitive constructs in understanding student learning. Moreover, because motivation constructs are viewed as malleable, they provide an untapped source of intervention for school psychologists in supporting students. For these reasons, this special issue presents five review articles that integrate discrete theories of achievement motivation to the practice of school psychology. Largely representing Canadian expertise, the articles describe the potential for the control-value theory of emotions, achievement goal theory, mindset theory, self-determination theory, and self-regulated learning in the work of school psychologists. The final commentary article explicates a whole-child framework to highlight the role motivation can hold alongside cognition and guide school psychologists to partner these constructs for the betterment of children.
Unsettling Subjectivism about Value

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This chapter probes Barry Stroud's steadfast opposition to metaphysical subjectivism about value. Stroud argues in his work that global subjectivism about evaluative matters is literally untenable: the chapter shows how this starting conclusion emerges from three key aspects of evaluative thought pressed by Stroud. The cognitivism, irreducibility, and indispensability of evaluative thought seem together to rule out noncognitivist, error-theoretic, and reductive response-dependent construals of the evaluative domain, thereby closing off a wide variety of routes to value subjectivism. The chapter suggests, however, that the conviction that evaluative matters somehow constitutively depend on us may survive Stroud's determined attempts at excision. The chapter also considers the relation of Stroud's work to mainstream contemporary metaethics, noting that—contrary to what one might suppose—Stroud does not see his arguments as supporting moral realism. In fact, Stroud's negative conclusion about value subjectivism is liable to unsettle both poles of contemporary metaethical debate.
HISTOCHEMICAL STUDY ON THE ADENYL CYCLASE ACTIVITY OF NORMAL AND PLASMOCID INJURED MUSCLE OF RATS

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Adenyl cyclase activity was constantly present in the plasma membrane, and granular precipitates suggesting activity in the mitochondria were noted in some fibers after reaction stimulation with activators. In the muscle degenerated by plasmocid, the localization of adenyl cyclase activity did not change, but in general, the intensity of the enzyme activity decreased slightly in comparison to that of the normal muscle. NaF or epinephrine stimulation of injured muscle resulted in a less marked increase of reaction than that of the normal muscle. This was considered to be a possible indication of changes in the plasma and mitochondria membranes in the acute phase of plasmocid injury of skeletal muscles.
The Biological and Chemical Mechanism for Quick Decomposition of Rice Straw by Straw Rot Agent

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The impacts of adding straw rot agent at different periods on activities of cellulase,hemicellulase and phenol oxidase in rice straw were determined by the method that used to determine the activity of enzyme.The results showed that adding straw rot agent had significant impact on increasing the activities of cellulase,hemicellulase and phenol oxidase.The results of isolation of pure culture indicated that adding straw rot agent can increase the amount of bacteria,fungi and actinomycetes in different growing stages.Meanwhile,through quantitative analysis procedures found that the degradation rate of cellulose,hemicellulose and lignin increased after adding straw rot agent.
Feasibility Assessment of an 8-week Attention-based Training Programme in the Management of Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria&nbsp;

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background: Chronic spontaneous urticaria is a common disorder that is poorly understood and frequently misdiagnosed. Psychological difficulties are a significant factor in dermatological diseases and may also aggravate symptom burden. Mind-body interventions are used as a complementary approach to alleviate symptoms in chronic diseases and may represent a valuable non-pharmacological approach in CSU. Methods: We sought to develop and evaluate the feasibility of an 8-week Attention-based Training (ABT) programme, coupled to biofeedback technology for CSU. Through convergent interviews, we gathered information from individuals with urticaria about possible links between stress, mood and skin symptoms. Using these data, we recruited 12 participants to engage in an amended ABT programme for patients with CSU, comprising eight ninety minute sessions held weekly. Participants completed psychometric measures and measures of urticaria symptomatology prior to and after the intervention. Adherence to ABT practice was measured using individual Inner Balance devices which tracked heart rate variability. We completed qualitative interviews after the intervention to obtain feedback on participant experience of the programme. Results: Participants with CSU described how their psychological wellbeing can be linked to skin symptoms, poor sleep and difficulty concentrating. An amended ABT programme was found to be an acceptable component of care in the management of CSU. Retention of participants in the programme was challenging with 33% participants dropping out of the programme. For those who did complete the programme, adherence to ABT practice was impressive with 25% of participants exceeding weekly practice at week 8. A statistically significant fall in severity of urticaria symptomatology was observed upon completion of the intervention ( x = 12.3 SD 3.3, p < 0.03). The most commonly cited barrier to implementation of the programme was the time commitment required. Conclusions: An ABT programme can be integrated into clinical care for CSU patients and is valued by individuals who take part. Further formal evaluation of ABT for CSU including the analysis of biochemical parameters is required to determine its role in the management of this distressing condition.
Traffic avoidance and separation system

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Aircraft need to be separated from other aircraft by either a minimum vertical distance of 1000ft or by a minimum horizontal distance of 5NM to avoid mid-air collisions. Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System (TCAS) work well as a tactical safety backups to avoid collision, but cannot perform separation assurance. This paper presents the design aspects of system that would predict separation infringement and provide flight crew with necessary guidance for maintaining separation. This paper discusses formulation of system function based on ADS-B, mathematical models, simulation and results. A system model has been implemented in MATLAB and various encounters with different speed ratios at various conflict angles has been fed as input to system model with a goal of avoidance and recovery to original waypoint. Both Heading and Speed maneuvers are evaluated and results are presented. The required strength of resolution maneuver as a function of conflict geometry is studied and automatic maneuver selection function is implemented in system model and maneuver selection function is evaluated with discussion of results.
Dislocations and superconductivity in metallic monospirals at the room and positive temperatures

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The description of experimentally observed phenomenon of abnormally high electrical conductivity—"superconductivity" (SC) at the room and higher temperatures is represented. The effect was observed in metallic monospirals of small radius curvature with high density and regular distribution of dislocations. Transition into state of SC has been observed experimentally in the range from −50°C up to 3000°C at the density of transmitting current up to 2 × 10 9 A cm −2 . The experimental data confirming the watched phenomenon are represented. The explanations of this phenomenon are being proposed in the framework of the dislocation model.
Intra-Testicular Inoculation of Brugia pahangi Infective Larvae into Inbred GN Hamsters

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

white (Colinus virginianus) (Stabler and Kitzmiller, 1976, loc. cit.); scaled quail (Callipepla squamata) (Herman, in Campbell and Lee, 1953, loc. cit.); Gambel's quail (Callipepla gambelii) (Herman, In Campbell and Lee, 1953, loc. cit.; Stabler and Kitzmiller, 1976, loc. cit.); California quail (Callipepla californica) (Herman, In Campbell and Lee, 1953, loc. cit.); and mountain quail (Oreortyx pictus) (Stabler and Kitzmiller, 1976, loc. cit.). The tinamou, gray partridge, sage grouse, greater prairie-chickens, northern bobwhite, and mountain quail were from Colorado; the blue grouse was from Montana; the lesser prairiechicken from New Mexico and Texas; the sharptailed grouse from North Dakota and Colorado; the scaled quail were from New Mexico; the Gambel's quail from New Mexico, California, and Colorado; and the California quail from California. Plasmodium pedioecetii has thus far not been associated with morbidity. By comparison, 1 apparently healthy prairie-chicken from Texas presented a parasitemia of 189 parasitized red cells per 1,000 examined. Of 500 parasitized cells, 426 contained 1 parasite, 67 had 2, 5 had 3, and 1 each contained 4 and 5 plasmodia, respectively, or a total of 584 plasmodia in the 500 cells (Stabler, 1978, loc. cit.). This work was supported in part by the Nongame Research Program, Project N-l-R, of the Colorado Division of Wildlife. We acknowledge the encouragement of C. E. Braun and the reviews of R. W. Hoffman and M. R. Szymczak.
Visual exploration of malicious network objects using semantic zoom, Interactive encoding and dynamic queries

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper explores the application of visualization techniques to aid in the analysis of malicious and non-malicious binary objects. These objects may include any logically distinct chunks of binary data such as image files, word processing documents and network packets. To facilitate this analysis, we present a novel visualization technique for comparing and navigating among 600-1000+ such objects at one time. While the visualization technique alone has powerful application for both directed and undirected exploration of many classes of binary objects, we chose to study network packets. To increase effectiveness, we strengthened the visualization technique with novel, domain-specific semantic zooming, interactive encoding and dynamic querying capabilities. We present results and lessons learned from implementing these techniques and from studying both malicious and non-malicious network packets. Our results indicate that the information visualization system we present is an efficient and effective way to compare large numbers of network packets, visually examine their payloads and navigate to areas of interest within large network datasets.
The effects of synthetic growth hormone on spinal cord injury.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of synthetic growth hormone on healing process of reversible injured spinal cord. The rat was selected for the experiment in preference to larger animals for economy and availability. Under general anesthesia one level laminectomy was carried out at T-1 with the dura mater intact. The injury was created by Rivlin and Tator's clip method. Recovery of motor function was assessed for up to 4 weeks using inclined plane test of hind limb motor function. Although the effect of the drug is evident after 3 weeks, the study must be held for longer periods for a sufficient regeneration time to maintain a significant statistical evaluation.
Glucose, sodium and plasma protein levels during deep hypothermic circulatory arrest using a low volume, minimal glucose priming solution based on washed packed red cells

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The effect of a low volume, minimal glucose priming solution based on washed packed red cells on glucose, sodium and plasma protein levels during deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA) was studied in six patients of less than six months of age undergoing repair of congenital heart disease. Glucose levels during DHCA were not significantly different from prebypass values (6.2mmol/l±2.7 vs 7.1 mmol/l±2.8; p = 0.518), whereas plasma protein levels were significantly decreased (51.0g/l±0.7 vs 20.0g/l± 0.3; P = 0.0001) and sodium levels slightly but significantly increased (142mmol/l±3.8 vs 150mmol±3.8; p = 0.0026). In summary, the priming solution used in this study achieved good control of glucose levels during DHCA, although it needs some modification in regard to sodium and plasma protein content. A discussion of the choice of priming solution and a hypothesis for potential calcium-mediated reperfusion injury are also presented.
Description of a Crop Growth Model for the Management of Supplemental Lighting in Greenhouses

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A dynamic management strategy for supplemental lighting in greenhouses was developed. It makes use of a plant growth model and of a rule-based decisionmaking protocol within the framework of a generic greenhouse climate management software system. The model, an adapted version of SUCROS87, tracks plant growth and predicts dry weight production based on measured or estimated values of light intensity, temperature, and CO 2 concentration. A set of logical predicates (rules) implements the strategy's behavior. Optimization of lamp use was conducted as a function of economic criteria that enable a comparison between the additional income associated with yield increases due to supplemental lighting and incurred cost increases. Although the model is not perfectly reliable in its predictions, the system can be used to simulate the effect of changes to economic parameters on the decisions of the management strategy. The dynamic strategy described here differs from conventional supplemental lighting scenarios in the sense that it increases the length of the period of supplemental lighting when the daily solar light integral is low, and reduces or eliminates the use of supplemental lighting when the weather forecast predicts that the daily solar light integral will exceed plant requirements.
Measurements of cross-sections of the proton-induced activation reactions

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Excitation functions for the Y(p,x)Zr, Y(p,x)Y, Y(p,x)Sr and Y(p,x)Rb reactions were measured by a stacked foil activation technique in the energy range 15-80 MeV. The production for the long lived products like Zr, and Y are significantly larger than that of Mo+p, Nb+p and Zr+p processes. The productions of the medical isotopes, Sr and Sr are also effective by Y+p process using 80 MeV beam. The model calculations using ALICE-IPPE code compiled in MENDL-2P have the general trend of the measured results.