jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
L-Arginine Reinforces NK Cell-Mediated GVL Effect in Bone Marrow of AML Patients with Early Relapse Post-Allo-HSCT

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Relapse is a leading cause of death after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) for acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Natural killer (NK) cells play a crucial role in tumor surveillance and cancer immunotherapy, and NK cell dysfunction has been observed in various tumors. Here, we performed ex vivo experiments to systematically characterize the mechanisms underlying the dysfunction of bone marrow-derived NK (BMNK) cells isolated from AML patients experiencing early relapse after allo-HSCT. Using high-resolution mass spectrometry, we demonstrated that the level of L-arginine decreased in the bone marrow and was associated with BMNK cell paucity and dysfunction in these AML patients. In addition, highly expressed arginase-1 in M2 macrophages induced L-arginine deficiency in the bone marrow microenvironment and suppressed mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and cytotoxicity of BMNK cells. Additionally, L-arginine deficiency triggered the formation of TFEB-containing transcriptional condensates, and induced liquid-liquid phase separation of TFEB, which resulted in abnormal autophagy and apoptosis of BMNK cells. Furthermore, the supplementation with L-arginine restored NK cell-mediated anti-leukemic responses in the leukemia xenograft mouse model and patient-derived xenografted (PDX) model. Thus, our study reveals a mechanism through which L-arginine deficiency compromises NK cells, highlighting the potential of L-arginine supplementation to improve NK cell-based cancer treatments.
Clinical features

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This disorder has failed to achieve the status of general recognition among the cephalic neuralgias. Whether its orphanage derives from narrow-minded expulsion from the neuro-logical domain of cephalic neuralgias to the ENT-field, or can be attributed to its rarity (though this did not keep glossopharyngeal neuralgia from rightfully assuming its place among equals), or to the hazy outlines of the disorder, remains a question more readily posed than answered. Yet, if it shares with Sluder’s sphenopalatine neuralgia an uncertain clinical identity, there are a sufficient number of observable clinical data from which to conclude the reality of this neuralgia. A review of pertinent reports should enable the reader to make up his own mind.
Evaluating the Effects of Roof Greening on the Indoor Thermal Environment throughout the Year in a Chinese City (Chenzhou)

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Indoor cooling is preferred during hot summers but unappreciated in cold winters. With this research, we aimed to clarify the cooling performances of roof greening throughout the year and identify the optimum roof greening coverage for the indoor thermal environment in Chenzhou, a city in China with hot summers and cold winters. The layout of buildings, building materials, and local climate data of Chenzhou were collected. The ENVI-met model was applied as the analytical tool after its accuracy was confirmed by a field experiment. The Kriging model was employed to interpret the annual effects of roof greening. The analytical results revealed that in Chenzhou, roof greening reduced indoor temperatures throughout the year, and the higher the coverage of roof greening, the greater the performance of indoor cooling. Moreover, hot climates enhanced the indoor cooling performances of roof greening. From the view of annual thermal perception, the increase in roof greening coverage reduced the duration of warm perceptions throughout the year and extended the perceptions of slightly warm, slightly cool, and cool. Generally, increased roof greening coverage improved the indoor thermal perception in Chenzhou throughout the year. The ENVI-met + Kriging model, an evaluation method of annual cycles, can be used to evaluate the annual performance of roof greening in terms of indoor thermal environment in other climate zones.
Effects of Zearalenone on Apoptosis of Splenic Lymphocytes in Mice

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

To elucidate the effects of Zearalenone(ZEA) on proliferation and apoptosis of cultured splenic lymphocytes in mice,MTT assay,DNA ladder and flow cytometric analysis were performed.After splenic lymphocytes were treated by ZEA,the proliferation of splenic lymphocytes induces by LPS was inhibited significantly in a concentration-dependent manner.A typical DNA ladder which was one of the classical characteristics of apoptosis could be detected usually.The quantity of apoptosis cell increased significantly in a concentration-and time-dependent manner.In conclusion,ZEA could be assumed that there were toxic effects on the splenic lymphocytes of mice in vitro.
Spontaneous regression of Friend virus-induced erythroleukemia. VI. Structural and antigenic differences between the regressing and conventional strains of virus

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The regressing and conventional strains of Friend virus were compared by neutralization assays, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and tryptic peptide mapping of the individual viral components. Neutralization rates of the two viruses differed in the presence of monospecific anti-gp70 antiserum and sera from regressed or immunized mice. Neutralization of regressing Friend virus, but not conventional Friend virus, occurred when the viruses were incubated with anti-p15(E) and complement. Human serum inactivated conventional Friend virus more rapidly than regressing Friend virus, probably as a result of virolysis induced by the reaction of viral p15(E) with human complement component C1. Structural differences between the viruses were detected in their gp70 viral glycoproteins and p15(E) and p12 proteins. Analysis of different stocks and clonal isolates of the viruses showed that the differences between the gp70 and p15(E), but not the p12 proteins, were associated with the regressing phenotype of the regressing strain of Friend virus.
Alzheimer disease detection and tracking of Alzheimer patient

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Alzheimer disease is one of the forms of dementia. AD is tremendously increasing disease in the world. There are so many biomarkers detect the Alzheimer disease. From that Electroencephalograph signal is give correct result and performance. In Alzheimer disease, death of brain cells are occurs so there is many causes happened such as memory loss, poor in calculation and recent event happened etc. Early detection of Alzheimer disease is very useful for him and his family. Early detection of Alzheimer patients is very useful for him and his family. In detection, firstly EEG database is filter then noise and artifacts is removed from EEG database using independent component analysis. By wavelet transform four features are extracted and classification is done by support vector machine. In monitoring system, Alzheimer patient is track by using GPS and GSM. With the help of this monitoring system Alzheimer patient is travel anywhere without caregiver.
Synthesis of 4‐0‐(4,6‐di[14C]ethylidene‐α‐D‐glucopyranosyl)‐4′‐demethyl‐4‐epipodophyllotoxin

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The synthesis of the title compound ( 5 ) is described. Protection of 4‐0‐(4, 6‐ethylidene‐α‐D‐glucopyranosyl)‐4′‐demethyl‐4‐epipodophyllotoxin ( 1 ) with benzylchloroformate in the presence of pyridine gave 4‐0‐(4, 6‐ethylidene‐α‐D‐glucopyranosyl)‐4′‐carbobenzyloxy‐4‐epipodophyllotoxin ( 2 ). Treatment of ( 2 ) with acetic acid‐water produced 4‐0‐(α‐D‐glucopyranosyl)‐4′‐carbobenzyloxy‐4‐epipodophyllotoxin ( 3 ). Reaction of [ 14 C]acetaldehyde diethylacetal with ( 3 ) introduced the label in the 4′,6′‐ethylidene position ( 4 ). Hydrogenation using 30% palladium on carbon yielded the title compound ( 5 ) in an overall yield of 6%.
Supplementary Material for: Combination of Two Behavioral Techniques Reduces Craving in Problematic Alcohol Consumption by One Third: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Introduction: Craving alcohol is a core symptom of alcohol use disorder (AUD) and an important target for treatment. A new line of treatment for AUD aims at overriding the urge to consume alcohol by changing implicit cognitions via approach bias modification (ApBM). In a prior study, we tested a variant of ApBM called imaginal retraining, which reduced craving. As addiction and body-focused repetitive behaviors (BFRBs) share important symptoms (e.g., inability to resist urges), for the present study we merged imaginal retraining with a technique aimed at BFRB, called decoupling, to augment treatment effects. We hypothesized that the new technique, which is called 3P, would lead to a greater reduction in craving relative to (active) control conditions. Methods: The study was conducted online. Data from 227 participants were considered. Participants were randomized to 1 out of 5 conditions. Craving for alcohol before and after the brief intervention was the primary outcome. Results: Only the 3P condition lessened craving by approximately one third at an almost medium effect size (improvement: 34.5%, p = 0.003, d = 0.458). Effects were significantly larger relative to the wait-list control and two active control conditions (p’s < 0.02; greater reduction than imaginal retraining at a small but nonsignificant effect size). Discussion/Conclusion: If replicated, the combination of imaginal retraining and decoupling (3P) represents a promising, easy-to-implement self-help technique to reduce immediate craving. Long-term effects in participants with formally diagnosed AUD have not yet been investigated.
Relationship of Sodium Nitroprusside with Growth and Antioxidant Enzymes of Canola under Lead Stress

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Lead is a toxic heavy-metal pollutant which is hazardous to human health and the environment. Sodium nitroprusside is commonly used as a nitric oxide donor in plants. Nitric oxide is a bioactive molecule playing an important role in response to stress in plants. Weight, chlorophyll content, and the activity of catalase (EC 1.11.1. 6) and peroxidase (EC 1.11.1. 7) antioxidant enzymes of canola (<em>Brassica napus</em> L.) Hyola 401 in lead stress were investigated. This study tested the hypothesis that sodium nitroprusside plays an ameliorating role under lead-toxicity in canola. For seven days, thirteen-day plants were exposed to two levels of sodium nitroprusside (0 and 100 µM) and three levels of lead (0, 100, and 200 µM). Dry and fresh weight and chlorophyll content were decreased in lead stress, while sodium nitroprusside treatment increased weight and chlorophyll b in the same conditions. Lead stress increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes, and sodium nitroprusside treatment reduced their activity. The results showed that the use of sodium nitroprusside reduces lead toxicity.
A Case Report of COVID-19 in a Pregnant Woman with Clinical Manifestations of Chorioamnionitis in Ilam, Iran

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Confrontation with COVID-19 has threatened all people of the world, including pregnant women, as a high-risk group. Case Presentation: The present study presents a 29-year-old female G1P0 at 33 weeks’ gestation. The patient’s initial complaint was the premature rupture of membranes. The patient’s vital signs showed an abnormal pulse rate and temperature. Initial assessments were carried out, including regular monitoring and recording of vital signs, mother’s blood ABG, uterine contractions, laboratory tests, and fetal heart rate. Treatment for chorioamnionitis began with intravenous ampicillin, gentamicin, and oral erythromycin. Because of the epidemic of COVID-19 in Iran and Ilam, a throat swab specimen was obtained from the upper respiratory tract of the patient. The RT-PCR assay confirmed that the throat swab sample of the patient was positive for COVID-19. A throat swab specimen was taken from the newborn for RT-PCR. Also, the mother’s chest CT scan was done that showed abnormality; however, the RT-PCR throat swab specimen was negative for the newborn. The patient was transferred to the COVID-19 care unit. She was healthily discharged from the hospital with two negative RT-PCR tests. Her newborn was followed for two weeks, and no symptoms of COVID-19 were reported. Conclusions: Some major prenatal complications, including fetal distress, preterm labor, premature rupture of membranes, and amniotic fluid abnormalities, have been reported among some pregnant women infected with COVID-19 (7); however, the clinical manifestations of COVID-19 are deceptive. Therefore, low attention to all aspects of COVID-19 and late examination would increase the risk of spreading the disease among therapists providing services and other hospitalized mothers. These concerns make pregnant mothers afraid of even the most necessary referrals for appropriate and necessary midwifery interventions. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to two important issues: first, the concerns and anxieties of pregnant mothers and second, making the diagnosis in suspected cases as soon as possible.
Cellular mechanism of epileptic networks in dual hippocampi reestablished by tetanization of the right caudate putamen in rats

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Objective To study the cellular mechanism of epileptic networks in dual hippocampi reestablished by overactivation of the right caudate putamen (RCPu). Methods The experiments were performed on 101 male Sprague Dawley rats weighting 200-250 g. Acute tetanization (60 Hz, 2 s, 0.4-0.6 mA) of the right caudate putamen (ATRC) or of the right dorsal hippocampus (ATRDH) were administrated to establish rat epilepsy model. A pair of single unit recordings from bilateral hippocampi was simultaneously used to detect the effects of the ATRC or the ATRDH. Neuronal epilepsy-related firing patterns were analyzed according to activated neural pathway length from the CPu to the dual hippocampi, or from the anterior dorsal HPC to ipsilateral local networks and contralateral HPC. Results (1) The firing pattern of single hippocampal neuron was obviously modulated by the ATRC or by the ATRDH. (2) There were long duration bursting \[(650.738±56.419) ms, n=120\] with short interbursting interval (IBI) \[(772.600±46.665)ms, n=90\] of single neurons induced by the ATRC, while short duration bursting \[(270.612±19.917)ms, n=123\] (T=6.353,P 0.001 )of single neurons with long IBI \[(1373.663±121.236)ms, n=103\] ( T=4.627, P0.001) by the ATRDH. (3) There were long duration single unit afterdischarges[(7.06±0.776) s, n=104] with long latency[(8.77±1.231)trains, n=30] induced by the ATRC, while short duration single unit afterdischarges \[(3.93±0.657)s,n=33\] ( T=0.3079,P0.001)with short latency \[(3.33±0.681)trains,n=15\] (T=3.681,P0.001) by the ATRDH. (4) Pairs of cell unit discharges or of electrographic kindling in bilateral hippocampi might be partially or completely synchronized by the ATRC. Conclusion It was clarified that long duration bursting or single unit afterdischarges in bilateral hippocampi could be brought about by overactivation of long-distance neural pathway from the RCPu to the dual hippocampi, which might be an important cellular mechanism of the HPC epileptic network reconstruction. The activated CPu-HPC functional neural pathway might act as the amplifier of epilepsy-related activities of single neuron in bilateral hippocampi.
Momentum-dependent anisotropy of the charge density wave gap in quasi-1D ZrTe3–xSex (x = 0.015)

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The charge density wave (CDW) state is a ubiquitous ordered phase in condensed matter systems, characterized by a periodic modulation of the electronic charge density. In many CDW materials, superconductivity (SC) emerges in close proximity to, or coexists with, the CDW phase, offering a valuable platform to explore the interplay between these two competing orders. The ZrTe 3− x Se x family provides an ideal system for investigating this interplay, as both CDW-dominated and superconductivity-dominated end members have been well studied, while the intermediate compositions remain largely unexplored. In this study, we employ high-resolution angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) to systematically investigate the band structure and CDW gap in Se-doped ZrTe 3− x Se x ( x = 0.015), a prototypical system exhibiting the coexistence of CDW and superconductivity phases. Detailed analysis of the band structure across the Brillouin zone reveals highly momentum-dependent, anisotropic CDW gaps. Quasi-2D Fermi surface centered at Γ ¯ exhibits the absence of CDW gap, while on quasi-1D Fermi surface along the Brillouin zone boundary, there is also a highly anisotropic distribution of CDW gap. The gap is zero at B ¯ , while reaching its maximum at a nesting vector consistent with the bulk CDW modulation. These results provide direct evidence that quasi-1D Fermi surface nesting is the primary driving force behind CDW formation in this compound. Notably, our measurements reveal a strongly suppressed density of state around E F even out of CDW gap and absence of band folding induced by Fermi surface nesting. This observation suggests that selenium doping enhances fluctuations of the CDW order parameter, thereby weakening the long-range CDW coherence. Such enhanced fluctuations are likely to facilitate SC pairing, contributing to the observed increase in the SC transition temperature of the doped samples. Our findings not only provide comprehensive understanding of the CDW state in the ZrTe 3− x Se x family but also demonstrate that chemical doping provides an effective route to tune the competition between CDW and superconductivity.
Regio- and Stereoselective Synthesis of Isoindolin-1-ones through BuLi-Mediated Iodoaminocyclization of 2-(1-Alkynyl)benzamides

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A simple and straightforward synthesis of isoindolin-1-ones is reported. Exclusive N-cyclization of the amide functional group, an ambident nucleophile, was accomplished for the cyclization of 2-(1-alkynyl)benzamides using n-BuLi-I2/ICl. The methodology works with the primary amide and affords the desired isoindolinones in yields of 38-94%. Interestingly, the isolated products exhibit a Z-stereochemistry across the C═C double bond. The reaction mechanism involving the formation of either a vinylic anion or an intimate ion pair intermediate is proposed.
Perceived stress, avoidant coping, hopelessness, and psychological distress among undergraduate students during Covid-19 pandemic

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Purpose: \nThis study aims to examine the relationships between perceived stress, avoidant coping, hopelessness, and psychological distress among undergraduate students in Malaysia during COVID-19 pandemic. \n \nMethodology: \nA cross-sectional survey was employed, and 113 participants were recruited via purposive sampling. Undergraduate students who were active during the pandemic from International Islamic University Malaysia (48.7%), Sunway University (10.6%), Taylor’s university (8.8%), and other Malaysian universities were approached while those diagnosed with any psychological disorder by trained professionals as stated in the DSM-5 were excluded from the study. The variables were measured using Perceived stress scale, Brief approach/avoidance coping questionnaire, Beck’s hopelessness scale, and General health questionnaire. \n \nResults: \nResults indicated that perceived stress, avoidant coping, and hopelessness were positively correlated with psychological distress. \n \nLimitations: \nAs this was a cross-sectional survey, causality with the pandemic cannot be established. As different universities responded differently to the pandemic it could have influenced the strength of the relationship between variables, for example, IIUM began ERTL after a three-month break, whereas Taylor’s University a two-week break. \nImplications: Future research can examine whether perceived stress, avoidant coping, and hopelessness, may predict psychological distress longitudinally in this population. Support system developers can pilot test possible psychosocial interventions addressing stress, avoidant coping, and hopelessness to decrease the psychological distress for this population. \n \nResearch Impact: \nThis study adds to the knowledge on university students’ psychological health during the pandemic and aid in improving and developing universities’ support systems for the students and for future reference in counselling services centres handling undergraduate students.
Importance of Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance (MGUS) Surveillance and Difficulty in Diagnosing Monoclonal Gammopathy of Renal Significance (MGRS) in Low-Grade Lymphomas

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abid, Sidrah; Hongalgi, Krishnakumar D.; Beers, Kelly H.; Mehta, Swati Author Information
Bacterial contamination of extraocular fluid and antibiotic susceptibility during cataract surgery and vitrectomy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aims/Purpose: We performed a retrospective case‐series study to investigate the extent of bacterial contamination and antibiotic susceptibility of extraocular fluid at the beginning and end of cataract surgery and vitrectomy after disinfection. Methods: Medical records of consecutive patients who underwent cataract surgery or vitrectomy with extraocular fluid culture were reviewed. Patients with infection, recent ocular trauma, immunocompromised state, or antibiotics treatment were excluded. During surgical skin preparation, povidone‐iodine (PvI) was poured through palpebral fissure was done. At the initiation, a flush of PvI and BSS irrigation was added into the conjunctival sac. 1ml of fluid was collected at the beginning (Pre‐fluid) and end of the surgery (Post‐fluid). Sample were collected from both canthi while instilling BSS. The samples were injected into the BacT/Alert PF pediatric blood culture bottle. Bacterial identification and antibiotics susceptibility test were performed. The χ 2 test or Fisher's exact test was performed to determine differences in results depending on surgical method or timing of sample collection. Results: Two hundred thirty‐three eyes were enrolled, including 72 eyes with cataract surgery and 161 eyes with vitrectomy. There were 31 (13.3%) positive cultures in Pre‐fluid and 71 (30.5%) positive cultures in Post‐fluid. The positive culture rate was higher in Post‐fluid ( p < 0.001, χ 2 test). The following organisms were frequently identified: Staphylococcus epidermidis (sample size N = 74), S. aureus ( N = 10) and S. lugdunensis ( N = 6). All types of strains didn’t showed resistance to vancomycin or 3 rd generation cephalosporin. Conclusions: Despite disinfection in ocular surgery, bacterial contamination may occur at the surgical site, and bacterial contamination was confirmed more frequently at the end of surgery. The most common organism was S. epidermidis, and most of them were susceptible to empirical antibiotics.