jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Deep biologically interpreted networks to predict influenza adaptation to human

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

It’s challengible to assess the prevalance potential of emerging zoonotic influenza, only via machine learning (ML) prediction or biological determination, particularly based on solid genotype-phenotype causality. We introduced here a deep framework to biologically interpret and intelligently predict human adaptation of Influenza A viruses (IAVs). IAV genomes were compositionally parsed and optimized with ML based on their adaptation contribution. Parsed Dinucleotide Composition Representation (DCR) features of the simulated virus genes according to biologically validated genotypes were trained with convolutional neural network (CNN) for host adaptation prediction. The biologically validated, ML-predicted genotype-phenotype causality promoted the inter-host separability of IAV samples. The DCR-based CNN were well fitted, and predicted accurately high-adapted zoonotic or low-adapted human IAVs. Summarily, ML-guided biological validation could landscape the genotype-phenotype causality of IAV adaptation; Biological validation-denoised genome information solidified the CNN adaptation predictor of IAVs. Deep biologically interpreted networks were qualified to infer influenza adaptation to human.
Ethical Constructivism

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Ethical constructivism holds that truths about the relation between rationality, morality, and agency are best understood as constructed by correct reasoning, rather than discovered or invented. Unlike other metaphors used in metaethics, construction brings to light the generative and dynamic dimension of practical reason. On the resultant picture, practical reasoning is not only productive but also self-transforming, and socially empowering. The main task of this volume is to illustrate how constructivism has substantially modified and expanded the agenda of metaethics by refocusing on rational agency and its constitutive principles. In particular, this volume identifies, compares and discusses the prospects and failures of the main strands of constructivism regarding the powers of reason in responding to the challenges of contingency. While Kantian, Humean, Aristotelian, and Hegelian theories sharply differ in their constructivist strategies, they provide compelling accounts of the rational articulation required for an inclusive and unified ethical community.
Hydration and Structure of Adsorbed Water on Clay Minerals.

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The hydration, time-averaged and dynamic structures of adsorbed water on clay minerals have been reviewed to clarify the nature of clay hydration and the difference in structure between adsorbed and free water. Hydration of the clay minerals involves three kinds of water adsorption on the surface in interlamellar, intraaggregate and interaggregate pore spaces. The hydration mechanism and factors influencing hydration are quite different in these hydration modes. Water molecules in the clay interlayers have statistically and dynamically a more rigid structure than that in bulk liquid water. Especially, the thermal motion of water bound to divalent cations is restricted and similar to that of normal ice (Ih).
Cytodiagnosis of granulocytic sarcoma presenting as superior vena cava syndrome in acute myeloblastic leukemia. A case report.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We describe a rare case of acute myeloblastic leukemia presenting with superior vena cava syndrome due to a mediastinal granulocytic sarcoma. The morphologic diagnosis of granulocytic sarcoma was obtained from computed tomography-guided fine needle aspiration cytology. This is the second such case described in the world literature.
Self Assessment in Limb X-ray Interpretation: Musculoskeletal trauma imaging of appendicular skeletonSelf Assessment in Limb X-ray Interpretation: Musculoskeletal trauma imaging of appendicular skeleton K Sakthivel-Wainford M&K Update Ltd 200 £29.00 978 1 905539 13 0 1905539134

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

It's good to see the publication of another radiograph interpretation book because it reflects the exciting and continued role developments in both radiography and advanced nursing practice, and this one provides a good starting point for emergency nurses who are new to the challenges of trauma interpretation.
Liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry for determination of fingolimod and its active metabolite fingolimod phosphate in whole blood of patients with multiple sclerosis

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Fingolimod is an oral drug for the escalation of treatment of relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis in patients with persistent disease activity on first‐line drugs or in patients with rapidly progressive severe relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis. An ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method for determining the concentrations of fingolimod and its active metabolite fingolimod phosphate in whole blood has been developed and validated. The advantages of this method are the easy, fast and cheap sample preparation using protein precipitation from blood with a mixture of acetonitrile–methanol (40:60, v/v). Chromatographic separation was performed on a ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography BEH C 18 1.7 μm (100 × 2.1 mm) column. Two modes of ionization, electrospray ionization and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization, were tested and compared. For validation, the electrospray ionization mode was chosen. As internal standard, isotopically labeled fingolimod‐D 4 was used to quantify the analytes. The method was validated according to the rules of the European Medicines Agency. The coefficients of variation for fingolimod were in the range of 1.13–11.88%, and the recovery was 98.80–106.00%. The coefficients of variation for fingolimod phosphate were in the range of 2.73–9.31%, and the recovery was 90.08–107.00%. The method is quite easy and fast and can be used for routine analysis.
How is equity approached in universal health coverage? An analysis of global and country policy documents in Benin and Senegal

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: Equity seems inherent to the pursuance of universal health coverage (UHC), but it is not a natural consequence of it. We explore how the multidimensional concept of equity has been approached in key global UHC policy documents, as well as in country-level UHC policies. Methods: We analysed a purposeful sample of UHC reports and policy documents both at global level and in two Western African countries (Benin and Senegal). We manually searched each document for its use and discussion of equity and related terms. The content was summarised and thematically analysed, in order to comprehend how these concepts were understood in the documents. We distinguished between the level at which inequity takes place and the origin or types of inequities.Results: Most of the documents analysed do not define equity in the first place, and speak about “health inequities” in the broad sense, without mentioning the dimension or type of inequity considered. Some dimensions of equity are ambiguous – especially coverage and financing. Many documents assimilate equity to an overall objective or guiding principle closely associated to UHC. The concept of equity is also often linked to other concepts and values (social justice, inclusion, solidarity, human rights – but also to efficiency and sustainability). Regarding the levels of equity most often considered, access (availability, coverage, provision) is the most often quoted dimension, followed by financial protection. Regarding the types of equity considered, those most referred to are socio-economic, geographic, and gender-based disparities. In Benin and Senegal, geographic inequities are mostly pinpointed by UHC policy documents, but concrete interventions mostly target the poor. Overall, the UHC policy of both countries are quite similar in terms of their approach to equity.Conclusions: While equity is widely referred to in global and country-specific UHC policy documents, its multiple dimensions results in a rather rhetorical utilisation of the concept. Whereas equity covers various levels and types, many global UHC documents fail to define it properly and to comprehend the breadth of the concept. Consequently, perhaps, country-specific policy documents also use equity as a rhetoric principle, without sufficient consideration for concrete ways for implementation.
An mRNA methylase and demethylase regulate sorghum salt tolerance by mediating N6-methyladenosine modification

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract N 6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification is a crucial and widespread molecular mechanism governing plant development and stress tolerance. The specific impact of m6A regulation on plants with inherently high salt tolerance remains unclear. Existing research primarily focuses on the overexpression or knockout of individual writer or eraser components to alter m6A levels. However, a comprehensive study simultaneously altering overall m6A modification levels within the same experiment is lacking. Such an investigation is essential to determine whether opposing changes in m6A modification levels exert entirely different effects on plant salt tolerance. In this study, we identified the major writer member mRNA adenosine methylase A (SbMTA) in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) as critical for sorghum survival. The sbmta mutant exhibits a phenotype characterized by reduced overall m6A, developmental arrest, and, ultimately, lethality. Overexpression of SbMTA increased m6A levels and salt tolerance, while overexpression of the m6A eraser alkylated DNA repair protein AlkB homolog 10B (SbALKBH10B) in sorghum showed the opposite phenotype. Comparative analyses between sorghum with different m6A levels reveal that SbMTA- and SbALKBH10B-mediated m6A alterations significantly impact the stability and expression levels of genes related to the abscisic acid signaling pathway and growth under salt stress. In summary, this study unveils the intricate relationship between m6A modifications and salt tolerance in sorghum, providing valuable insights into how m6A modification levels on specific transcripts influence responses to salt stress.
Collaborative Filtering Bandits

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Classical collaborative filtering, and content-based filtering methods try to learn a static recommendation model given training data. These approaches are far from ideal in highly dynamic recommendation domains such as news recommendation and computational advertisement, where the set of items and users is very fluid. In this work, we investigate an adaptive clustering technique for content recommendation based on exploration-exploitation strategies in contextual multi-armed bandit settings. Our algorithm takes into account the collaborative effects that arise due to the interaction of the users with the items, by dynamically grouping users based on the items under consideration and, at the same time, grouping items based on the similarity of the clusterings induced over the users. The resulting algorithm thus takes advantage of preference patterns in the data in a way akin to collaborative filtering methods. We provide an empirical analysis on medium-size real-world datasets, showing scalability and increased prediction performance (as measured by click-through rate) over state-of-the-art methods for clustering bandits. We also provide a regret analysis within a standard linear stochastic noise setting.
Deficient development and maintenance of postsynaptic specializations in mutant mice lacking an ‘adult’ acetylcholine receptor subunit

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT At many synapses, ‘fetal’ neurotransmitter receptor subunits are replaced by ‘adult’ subunits as development proceeds. To assess the significance of such transitions, we deleted the gene encoding the adult acetylcholine receptor (AChR) ε subunit, which replaces its fetal counterpart, the γ subunit, at the skeletal neuromuscular junction during early postnatal life. Several aspects of postnatal maturation, including synapse elimination, proceeded normally in the absence of the adult AChR, but structural development of the endplate was compromised. Later, inadequate compensation by the γ subunit led to severely reduced AChR density in mutant endplates relative to controls. This decreased density led to a profound reorganization of AChR-associated components of the postsynaptic membrane and cytoskeleton. Together, these results suggest novel roles for AChRs in assembly of the postsynaptic apparatus.
Lightweight Cryptography for Resource Constraint Devices: Challenges and Recommendation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In the recent few years, data communication through the Internet of Things (IoT) network is increased exponentially. However, the data is prone to several attacks on the network. The most popular attacks are eavesdropping, replay, man-in-the-middle attack, etc. To prevent these attacks, cryptography algorithms are used. The devices are deployed in the IoT network are resource constraint, limited memory, and low battery life. Therefore, the National Institute of Standard and Technology (NIST) recommended the lightweight cryptography algorithm to provide security in these devices. In this paper, we have reviewed the recent lightweight cryptography algorithms. Next, it defines the open research challenges and recommendations based on the literature review.
Towards a Poetics of Stutter: Semantic and Syntactic Deconstruction in Saint John of the Cross and Stéphane Mallarmé

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The present paper analyzes semantic and syntactic deconstruction in Saint John of the Cross and Stéphane Mallarmé, which is closely connected to the motif of stutter in both their works. It will be shown that, in each case, this motif describes language’s outlying district, an intermediate space between speech and silence, and an ongoing and simultaneous process of dissolution and manifestation that involves the poetic word on the one hand, and the transcendent signified (God in the case of Saint John, mainly the “Spirit” for Mallarmé) on the other.
Effect of Concentration and Loading Fluid of Nanofluids on the Thermal Resistance of Sintered Powder Wick Heat Pipe

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Heat pipes have been widely used as one of the alternative methods to absorb more heat in the cooling systems of electronic devices. One of the ways to improve the thermal performance of heat pipes is to change the fluid transport properties and flow features of working fluids using nanofluids. The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of Al 2 O 3 -water nanofluids concentration and fluid loading to the thermal resistance between evaporator and adiabatic section of copper straight sintered copper powder wick heat pipe. In this research, sintered powder wick heat pipes were manufactured and tested to determine the thermal resistance of the sintered powder wick heat pipes which charged with water and Al 2 O 3 -water nanofluids. The concentrations of the nanoparticles were varied from 1 %, 3% and 5 % of the volume of the base fluid. The result shows that Al 2 O 3 -water nanofluids have the ability to reduce the temperature at the evaporator section and the thermal resistance of heat pipe. The increase in nanofluids concentration could give significant effect to reduce the thermal resistance of heat pipes. The amount of working fluid charged into the heat pipes also gives an effect in heat pipes thermal resistance, where the thermal resistance was lower when the heat pipe was charged with 60% of its volume. The formation of coating layer at sintered powder wick also can fixed the wick porosity and cause roughness on the surface of granular pore which the increased of capillary could give the effect for enhancement of heat pipe performance.
Using experience-based co-design to explore care experiences and identify practice change priorities for children with medical complexity in the paediatric intensive care unit

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objectives Children with medical complexity (CMC) frequently experience acute deterioration requiring paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) hospitalisation. Collaboration between families and healthcare professionals (HCPs) is vital yet often challenging, suggesting a new care approach is needed. This study explored the PICU care experiences of CMC, parents and HCPs and identified common priorities and practice changes to enhance care. Design An experience-based co-design (EBCD) approach was used. Semistructured interviews were conducted with CMC and parents (stage 1) and HCPs (stage 2). A co-design event with parents and HCPs followed (stage 3). Setting Interviews took place in family homes, hospital meeting rooms and virtually. The co-design event took place at the hospital. Participants Interviews: CMC and parents (n=21, 13 families) within 1 year of their most recent PICU discharge. PICU and complex care service HCPs (n=15). Co-design event: parents and HCPs (n=22). Maximum variation sampling was used. Results Stage 1: Child and family-related themes included becoming known, becoming a parent caregiver or child care receiver, establishing caregiver relationships, and expecting a responsive and dignified caregiving environment. Stage 2: HCP-related themes included adapting to a different care approach, positioning parents as collaborators, navigating personal connections, and providing continuity of care. Stage 3: Two videos (sharing child and family perspectives, and HCPs’ perspectives) were produced to promote discussion at the co-design event. Common care priorities included increase HCPs’ awareness of who the child is when they are well; improve interdepartmental communication; enhance HCPs’ understanding of families’ expertise and needs; enhance parent-HCP partnerships and develop HCP training programmes. Potential practice changes were identified. Conclusions Participants identified the need for a collaborative approach to care for critically ill CMC, integrating the expertise of children, parents and HCPs. EBCD can help ground the perspectives and needs of HCPs, children and families in future PICU patient and family-centred care interventions.
Assistance in Utilizing E-student worksheets Teaching Materials with Live Worksheet Application Support for Critical Thinking in Elementary School Teachers

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Current teaching practices still rely on printed images and text materials. This is due to the need for educators' ability to develop digital-based learning materials, resulting in students often becoming bored during lessons. Additionally, the abstract nature of the learning material often requires further explanation. This community service aims to assist elementary school teachers in utilizing e-student worksheets teaching materials with the support of the Live Worksheet application. This community service employs the Community Based Research (CBR) model through training and mentoring. The results show an improvement in the competency of elementary school teachers in utilizing e-student worksheets as teaching materials.
Analytical and clinical evaluation of the Immulite® estradiol assay in serum from patients undergoing in vitro fertilization: estradiol increase in mature follicles

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract We examined an immunoassay for estradiol (E2) on the Immulite®—an automated, random access chemiluminescent immunoassay system—to determine its accuracy and precision required for in vitro fertilization (IVF) studies. The assay, which has a reportable range from 73 to 7300 pmol/L, demonstrated good linearity under dilution, a detection limit of 44 pmol/L, and interassay CVs of 12.6% and 7.6% at 466 and 6164 pmol/L, respectively. In a retrospective analysis of 545 serum samples, the assay showed adequate agreement with an antibody-coated-tube RIA. The two E2 assays showed good agreement, even on samples from patients receiving a variety of different estrogen replacement therapies. Longitudinal studies of individual IVF cycles showed good parallelism between the automated system and the RIA, and results by the automated assay correlated well with the total number of follicles.
Hardwicke Science Gossip, v. 29 (1893), Page 153, ASC0000hw4

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

‘Science Gossip’ is born from a collaboration between an Arts and Humanities Research Council project in the UK, called ‘Constructing Scientific Communities: Citizen Science in the 19th and 21st Centuries’ (ConSciCom) and the Missouri Botanical Garden who are providing content from the Biodiversity Heritage Library (BHL).
Decline in industrial research: causes and cures

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The lack of growth in U.S. research investment and the decline of industrial contribution to national basic and applied research during the last decade are viewed as threatening to U.S. competitiveness and to the future standard of living. Five causes for the present emphasis on development are identified as (1) a trend toward top management control, (2) the need to develop past research innovations, (3) erosion of corporate profits, (4) shifts in government support, regulation, and intervention, and (5) energy. Given the need for industrial research, the government must seek ways to change its policies on taxes, exports, regulations, and energy and must maintain a consistent policy in order to create a climate conducive to private risk-taking and investment. 12 references.
DARI KARTINI HINGGA AYU UTAMI: MEMPOSISIKAN PENULIS PEREMPUAN DALAM SEJARAH SASTRA INDONESIA

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

There has been an interesting phenomenon beginning late in the 20stcentury and lasting until early in the 21 century in Indonesian literary history: thegreat number of women writers suddenly producing literary works. In denial of theidea that it has been a phenomenon occurring all of a sudden, there has been aprecedent that could not be ignored: the number of Indonesian women writerscoming into activity far before the 1920s, the period becoming a milestonemarking the start of modern Indonesian literature, itself resulting from an impactof Western acculturation. The impact appeared first in the person named Kartini, awoman writer of some renown, whose achievement in the literary world is oftenunmentioned. The absence of women writers in the past from lists of knownwriters was often related to activities of placing their role on the sidelines by, forexample, not categorizing them writers of literary works or writers of qualityliterature (they being considered merely writers of popular literature) orcategorizing them merely happy-go-lucky writers and not the mainrepresentatives of their generation of writers. One may wonder whether the recentacknowledgement of Ayu Utami in Angkatan 2000 Sastra Indonesia as a pioneerin novel writing has been one of the strategies to bring about something contrary towhat has happened to those women writers in the past. It seems that the recentemergence of the aforementioned great number of women writers has not beenautomatically related to the efforts made by the feminist movement. A writer whohas made efforts for the sake of Kartini’s fate is a male writer: Pramudya AnantaToer.Keywords : women writers, feminism, Indonesian literary history, role ofhistorical writing