jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
research article R-Baclofen Reverses a Social Behavior Deficit and Elevated Protein Synthesis in a Mouse Model of Fragile X Syndrome

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Background: Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the most common known inherited form of intellectual disability and the single genomic cause of autism spectrum disorders. It is caused by the absence of a fragile X mental retardation gene (Fmr1) product, FMRP, an RNA-binding translation suppressor. Elevated rates of protein synthesis in the brain and an imbalance between synaptic signaling via glutamate and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) are both considered important in the pathogenesis of FXS. In a mouse model of FXS (Fmr1 knockout [KO]), treatment with R-baclofen reversed some behavioral and biochemical phenotypes. A remaining crucial question is whether R-baclofen is also able to reverse increased brain protein synthesis rates. Methods: To answer this question, we measured regional rates of cerebral protein synthesis in vivo with the L-[1-14C]leucine method in vehicle- and R-baclofen–treated wildtype and Fmr1 KO mice. We further probed signaling pathways involved in the regulation of protein synthesis. Results: Acute R-baclofen administration corrected elevated protein synthesis and reduced deficits on a test of social behavior in adult Fmr1 KO mice. It also suppressed activity of the mammalian target of rapamycin pathway, particularly in synaptosome-
Dynamics of the Current-Voltage Characteristic and the Potential in a Triple Plasma Machine

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A model for the static current voltage characteristic of a thin collisionless plasma inwich an electrical double layer is present is used for simulating the behaviour of anelectrical circuit in wich the plasma is a component. The numerical results thusobtained are compared to experimental results and found to be quite accurate forlow frequencies and amplitudes. The discrepancy between simulations andexperiments are found to be caused mainly by effects of hysteresis in the plasma.The hysteresis is then shown to be caused by 'slow ions'. The hysteresis is dividedinto three typical cases and a method to predict wich case to expect for a certaincombination of applied potential and frequeny is presented. The formation of thedouble layer in time and space is also studied by means of Langmuir probe measurements. Comments are also made concerning the internal plasma potential for different frequencies of the applied potential.
1410 Effect of CPAP on Cognitive Fog in Post COVID Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Introduction Cognitive fog is a frequent complaint among patients suffering from post-COVID Condition, reported in up to 60% of patients. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) commonly co-occurs in post-COVID Condition and may exacerbate symptoms. We sought to evaluate if treatment of OSA with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)decreases cognitive fog in post-COVID patients with OSA. Methods Patients with post COVID Condition, as per World Health Organization criteria, with self-reported symptoms of cognitive fog and diagnosed with OSA were recruited. They underwent neuropsychological testing to evaluate processing speed with Trail-Making Task A and Digit Symbol Substitution; executive function with the Stroop, Trail Making Task B, and digit span; semantic and categorical fluency; spatial memory assessed with the Benson complex figure task; and global cognition assessed with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) at baseline and 4±2 weeks after starting CPAP. Results Among 14 patients who completed the study, the mean age was 48.5 ±14.5 yrs, 57% were women, 14% were Black, median AHI was 12 (12;27), mean BMI was 34.3±10.1, and the mean nightly CPAP use was 5.8±2.6 hours. Cognitive function improved with CPAP on the following tests: Digit Symbol Substitution (post CPAP 60.9±2.7 vs baseline 53.6±2.9, p=0.01), Stroop color test (75.2±3.6 vs 66.9±2.1, p&lt; 0.01), Stroop color-word test (46.9±3.3 vs 41.6±3.0, p&lt; 0.01), Benson complex figure-delayed (13.9±0.6 vs 12.3±0.5, p=0.047). In addition, patients reported improvements on PROMIS cognitive function (26.7±2.1 vs 17±1.6, p&lt; 0.01), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) (5.9±1.2 vs 10.5±1.1, p&lt; 0.01), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) (12.4±1.5 vs 18.9±1.2, p&lt; 0.01), and the stress (12.6±2.3 vs 18.3±3.1, p&lt; 0.01) and depression (10.3±1.9 vs 14.7±1.9, p=0.01) subscales of the Depression and Anxiety Stress Scale-21. Changes in PROMIS cognitive score (r=0.63, p=0.02) and Trial Making test A (r=-0.58, p=0.048) were correlated to the duration of nightly CPAP use. Conclusion Our findings suggest screening and treating comorbid OSA among patients with post-COVID Condition can improve cognitive fog. Support (if any) This study is supported by the Breathe Pennsylvania Foundation.
Chromosome 12 and Environmental Factors in Parkinson’s Disease: An All of Us Data Analysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background/Objectives: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease that develops with age and is related to a decline in motor function. Studies suggest that the causes may be based on genetic dysfunction including PARK gene mutations and environmental factors. Methods: To explore those factors, we used multivariable logistic regression to obtain odds ratios (ORs) and adjusted ORs by using the All of Us Dataset which contains genomic, blood test, and other environmental data. Results: On Chromosome 12, there were 3709 candidate genetic polymorphisms (GPs) that are associated with PD. Of those GPs, fourteen GPs had high ORs which are similar to the OR of the PARK8 gene G2019S mutation. Of those 3709 GPs, a 2.00-fold change in OR was observed in five GPs located at bases 53,711,362 (OR = 4.86, 95% CI [1.46, 16.18]), 31,281,818 (OR = 4.37, 95% CI [1.02, 18.82]), 101,921,705 (OR = 5.38, 95% CI [1.23, 23.51]), 47,968,795 (OR = 7.82, 95% CI [1.81, 33.83]), and 112,791,809 (OR = 8.05, 95% CI [1.85, 35.05]) by calcium, Vitamin D, and alcohol intake and were statistically significant. Conclusions: The results suggest that the progression of some PD caused by certain GPs can be delayed or prevented by the environmental factors above. In February 2025, All of Us released the CT Dataset v.8 which has a 50% increase in the number of participants. Potentially, it may be possible to research more GPs and environmental factors. In future studies, we would like to explore other environmental factors and GPs on other chromosomes. It is believed that specific GPs may tailor current treatments and qualify patients for clinical trials. Additionally, genetic knowledge may help increase accuracy in clinical trials.
A standardized extract of Danggui Buxue Tang decoction selectively exerts estrogenic activities distinctly from tamoxifen

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

More and more menopausal women use Danggui Buxue Tang (DBT) for relieving their symptoms. Concerns for its safety have been raised as it contains phytoestrogen and acts via estrogen receptors (ERs). Our study aimed to determine whether DBT could selectively exert estrogenic activities and interact with tamoxifen in bone, brain, uterus, and breast by using ovariectomized (OVX) rats and ER‐positive cells. In OVX rats, DBT induced a 31.4% increase in bone mineral density and restored the mRNA expression of dopamine biomarker in striatum, 3.32‐fold for tyrosine hydrolase ( p < .001) and 0.21‐fold for dopamine transporter ( p < .001), which was similar to tamoxifen; tamoxifen, but not DBT, increased uterus weight and Complement component 3 expression by more than twofold ( p < .001); unlike tamoxifen, DBT induced mild proliferation in mammary gland. Two‐way ANOVA indicated the interactions between them in OVX rats ( p < .05) but DBT did not alter the responses to tamoxifen. DBT stimulated proliferation or differentiation and estrogen response element in MCF‐7, MG‐63, Ishikawa, and SHSY5Y cells and altered the effects of tamoxifen. In summary, DBT exerted estrogenic effects in tissue‐selective manner, which was different from tamoxifen. DBT interacted with tamoxifen but did not significantly alter its effects in OVX rats.
Addressing Ethics in Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery: Società Italiana di Chirurgia Plastica Ricostruttiva ed Estetica’s Social Media Policy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: The pervasive influence of social media on plastic surgery necessitates a robust ethical framework to guide professional conduct online. The Società Italiana di Chirurgia Plastica Ricostruttiva ed Estetica (SICPRE) recognized the need for an ethical code that addresses the unique challenges posed by social media in the field of plastic surgery. Methods: A dedicated group, referred to as the Social Media Chat, was formed within SICPRE in November 2022. The group comprised members with varying levels of expertise, including the SICPRE president, plastic surgeons, professors, and residents. Through a comprehensive review of existing ethical codes and social media policies from 26 national and international plastic surgery societies, the group identified key ethical considerations. Virtual meetings facilitated discussions and the creation of content for SICPRE’s official social channels. Results: The analysis revealed that only a few societies had formal social media policies, whereas many had generic ethical codes with minimal guidance on social media use. SICPRE’s ethical code, formulated through collaborative efforts and multiple revisions, includes 10 fundamental points addressing professionalism, transparency, patient privacy, and ethical marketing. The code was integrated into SICPRE’s broader ethical guidelines to ensure consistency and comprehensiveness. Conclusions: SICPRE’s ethical code offers a detailed framework for navigating the intersection of plastic surgery and social media, emphasizing honesty, transparency, and respect for patient dignity. By aligning with best practices and addressing gaps in existing policies, this initiative aimed to enhance professional standards and patient trust in the digital age. Future updates will ensure the policy remains relevant amid evolving digital communication landscapes.
UNDERSTANDING THE LINK BETWEEN RELIGIOUS SERVICE ATTENDANCE, CORONARY HEART DISEASE AND RELATED RISK FACTORS IN CANADA: A MIXED METHODS STUDY AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS FOR HEALTH PROMOTION.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Research examining the relationships between religious indicators and the cardiovascular health of individuals and populations has been relatively understudied in the Canadian context. This thesis contains three main studies, developed from a sequential explanatory mixed method research design. The first study examined the association between the frequency of religious service attendance (RSA) and prevalence of coronary heart disease (CHD), diabetes and high blood pressure in Canada. The Saskatchewan sample of the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS-4.1) was used to build multivariable logistic regression models. The analysis revealed participants who attended religious services more than once a week had lower prevalent odds of CHD (OR= 0.82, 95% CI 0.61-1.11, p>0.05), diabetes (OR=0.60, 95% CI 0.45-0.80, p The second study was qualitative and undertaken to help interpret and explain the quantitative results from the CCHS. Twelve semi-structured interviews with ordained pastors and three focus groups with parishioners in Catholic, Anglican and United churches were conducted in Canada. The findings suggest that attending religious services: (1) promotes mental health; (2) provides social support and activities; and (3) promotes health and lifestyle behaviours to lower CHD risk. Qualitative data from the second study was used for the third study, which identified relevant factors associated with the implementation of heart health promotion programs in churches. Among the various factors identified, pastor leadership, funding for a parish nurse, community-focused interventions, secured infrastructure and social support were important to facilitate health promotion programs in churches.
The Operation of the Modern Death Penalty in Africa

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This chapter explores the operation of capital punishment in Africa in the present era. The erosion of the mandatory death penalty in favor of discretionary judicial sentencing has drastically lowered the number of death sentences passed by African courts. More transparent clemency procedures, automatic appellate review, improvements in conditions on death row, and the prohibition of extradition of prisoners to countries with the death penalty represent attempts to rationalize the death penalty after its misuse in the colonial and independence eras. Some challenges remain, including the crisis of legal aid for indigent criminal defendants and the practical barriers erected by the continent's linguistic, ethnic, and geographic diversity.
Analisis Indeks Kinerja Jaringan Saluran Irigasi Studi Kasus Irigasi Sungai Siulak Deras Kabupaten Kerinci

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The Siulak Deras Irrigation canal network is the main source of water distribution in several areas. The Siulak Deras Irrigation Area in Kerinci Regency was built in 1993 with water flow regulation and complete Siulak Deras Irrigation network facilities including the Technical irrigation group. As time goes by, the service function of the irrigation network experiences a decline in performance, so that operation and maintenance of the irrigation network is an activity that is really needed to make the irrigation network remain optimal and maintain its performance. In this regard, an assessment of the Performance Index of the irrigation system in the Siulak Deras Irrigation Area needs to be carried out to determine the value of aspects or components that are not yet optimal in this irrigation area so that special treatment can be immediately carried out or improved. The assessment is carried out by starting an inventory of the condition and function of the physical infrastructure of the irrigation network, planting productivity results, supporting facilities, organization, documentation and institutional P3A to determine the performance value and recommendations for handling it. The results of the irrigation network system performance index in the Siulak Deras irrigation area for the Left Irrigation Channel section are 69.59%, which means that the irrigation system performance is close to good performance, namely 70%, but still needs to be improved and needs attention. With a physical infrastructure value of 29.32%, planting productivity 14.21%, supporting facilities 6.15%, personnel organization 10.94%, documentation 2.46%, and P3A institutions 6.50%. Based on the performance index value obtained, and the total performance score in the form of a percentage, it is necessary to specifically maintain and repair physical facilities and infrastructure at several points that are damaged, facilitate supporting facilities for OP officers so that officers can act quickly and precisely in carrying out activities, and paying more attention to P3A so that it can always contribute to maintaining and utilizing the Siulak Deras irrigation network properly and optimally in the future.
A review of charge transport and recombination in polymer/fullerene organic solar cells

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The charge carrier transport and recombination in two types of thermally treated bulk‐heterojunction solar cells is reviewed: in regioregular poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (RRP3HT) mixed with 1‐(3‐methoxycarbonyl)propyl‐1‐phenyl‐[6,6]‐methanofullerene (PCBM) and in the blend of poly[2‐methoxy‐5‐(3,7‐dimethyloctyloxy)‐phenylene vinylene] (MDMO‐PPV) mixed with PCBM. The charge carrier mobility and bimolecular recombination coefficient have been comparatively studied by using various techniques including Time‐of‐Flight (ToF), Charge Extraction by Linearly Increasing Voltage (CELIV), Double Injection (DI) transients, Current–Voltage ( I – V ) technique. It was found that the carrier mobility is at least an order of magnitude higher in RRP3HT/PCBM blends compared to MDMO‐PPV/PCBM. Moreover, all used techniques demonstrate a heavily reduced charge carrier recombination in RRP3HT/PCBM films compared to Langevin‐type carrier bimolecular recombination in MDMO‐PPV/PCBM blends. As a result of long carrier lifetimes the formation of high carrier concentration plasma in RRP3HT/PCBM blends is demonstrated and plasma extraction methods were used to directly estimate the charge carrier mobility and bimolecular recombination coefficients simultaneously. A weak dependence of bimolecular recombination coefficient on the applied electric field and temperature demonstrates that carrier recombination is not dominated by charge carrier mobility (Langevin‐type recombination) in RRP3HT/PCBM blends. Furthermore, we found from CELIV techniques that electron mobility in RRP3HT/PCBM blends is independent on relaxation time in the experimental time window (approx. hundreds of microseconds to tens of milliseconds). This reduced carrier bimolecular recombination in RRP3HT/PCBM blends implies that the much longer carrier lifetimes can be reached at the same concentrations which finally results in higher photocurrent and larger power conversion efficiency of RRP3HT/PCBM solar cells. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Report on Insecticides in Canned Foods

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Journal Article Report on Insecticides in Canned Foods Get access W A Brittin, W A Brittin Associate Referee Contribution from the Food Laboratory of the Beech-Nut Packing Co., Canajorie, N. Y Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J D Fairing J D Fairing Contribution from the Food Laboratory of the Beech-Nut Packing Co., Canajorie, N. Y Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Association of Official Agricultural Chemists, Volume 33, Issue 3, 1 August 1950, Pages 599–607, https://doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/33.3.599 Published: 09 February 2020
Ontogenetic Expression of CAT1 and CAT4 mRNA in Intestine of Broiler

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

160 1-day-old parental male Arbor Acre(AA)chicks and 160 1-day-old parental male yellow-feathered chicks were randomly divided into 4 replicates,respectively.Ontogenetic expression of CAT1 and CAT4 mRNA in duodenum,jejunum and ileum of AA chickens and yellow-feathered chickens were determined by relativly quantitative RT-PCR.It was found that:Ontogenetic expression of CAT1 and CAT4 mRNA in duodenum and jejunum was different from ileum.Ontogeny patterns of CAT1 and CAT4 mRNA in duodenum and jejunum were different between AA broiler and yellow-feathered broiler.The abundance of CAT1 mRNA in yellow-feathered broiler decreased from 2 to 58 d and kept the same except decreased on 44 d in AA broiler.The abundance of CAT4 mRNA in yellow-feathered broiler decreased from 2 to 44 d,then increased on 58 d,and kept the same except decreased on 58 d in AA broiler.The abundance of CAT1 mRNA in yellow-feathered broiler ileum decreased from 2 to 44 d,and kept the same except decreased on 44 d in AA broiler.The abundance of CAT4 mRNA in yellow-feathered broiler ileum decreased from 2 to 44 d,then increased on 58 d,and kept the same except decreased on 58 d in AA broiler.These results suggest that:Ontogeny patterns of CAT1 and CAT4 mRNA in duodenum and jejunum was different from in ileum,indicating that the function of amino acid absorption in proximal intestine differed from in distal intestine.Ontogeny of CAT1 and CAT4 mRNA in two strains had the different pattern in duodenum,jejunum,and ileum,and there was difference at the same development stage between AA broiler and yellow-feathered broiler,indicating that CAT1 and CAT4 mRNA expression could be regulated by developmental stage,strain and segment of intestine.
Sling Procedures: Voiding Dysfunction after Stress Urinary Incontinence Surgery

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The chapter provides information on voiding dysfunction after stress incontinence surgery, citing two case studies, of a woman unable to void and of another with four urinary infections. There are a variety of surgical procedures to treat stress urinary incontinence (SUI), but recently the mid-urethral sling (MUS) has become the most popular surgical treatment for the management of SUI. It is crucial to identify the sling prior to cutting or excising it. The risk of voiding dysfunction varies by the type of surgery. The true incidence of voiding dysfunction following surgery to correct SUI is unknown, but reported rates vary from 2.5 to 24% of cases. If the voiding dysfunction has not resolved within 1-2 weeks, it is appropriate to consider office or operating room procedure to loosen the sling under local anesthesia, by opening the same vaginal incision as the one used for the initial operation.
Jacobi and Theosophy

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

If empiricism alone were to be sufficient in philosophy, then the highest concept, i.e. the concept of the highest being (Wesen) would have to be given to us, by experience alone, at the same time as the existence of that being. Various possibilities offer themselves here. May we consider it possible that the concept and with it the existence of the highest being should be given by immediate experience? Immediate experience is either outer or inner experience. But how could a concept, which is always a matter for the understanding, be given by outer experience? Obviously only by a fact or an effect which immediately affects our understanding. But an outer effect which immediately makes claims on our understanding, and thus also has an immediate effect upon it, can only be doctrine, teaching. The highest concept would have to be given to us by a doctrine which comes to us from outside, indeed a doctrine of irrefragable, irresistible authority, and as such an irresistible authority could only be ascribed to that doctrine which came from the highest being Himself (for the highest being alone is the unchallengeable authority with regard to Himself), then the highest concept would have to be given to us by a doctrine which could be traced back in its last source to the highest being Himself. This tracing could only happen historically. Besides, if an external authority is assumed as the highest principle of philosophy, then only two things can be thought.
Feuds and Legacies

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The remarkable economic performance of the Southeast Asian region has provoked debates among social scientists. One key area of contention is whether there is a particular form of capitalism to account for the East Asian phenomenon. Most of the studies conducted, however, have focused either on national industrial policies and market forces or on a broad cultural explanatory view, such as recourse to Confucianism or Asian values. This article, building on work done by these scholars, seeks to look at not only the effectiveness of business networks in the expansion of businesses, but more importantly, and an area that has been largely unexplored, the drawbacks of Asian business networking. Some questions that the article sets out to answer include: Are there any issues of conflict and inheritance that are exclusive to Chinese family business? If yes, what are they and why are these issues unique to Chinese family business? Is there a particular way that Chinese businesses deal with these issues? Most studies on Chinese family firms and business networks have focused on ‘success’. This article seeks to study business failures, focusing on issues of conflict and inheritance. In a sense, it looks at the ‘dark side’ or dysfunctions of family business, filling an important gap in the current research literature. Using extensive case study interviews conducted in Singapore and Malaysia, as well as fieldwork in China, the article examines the intricate processes in running a family enterprise as well as the nature and management of conflicts.