jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Plant-Derived Nanovesicle Enhanced Microribonucleic Acid (MicroRNA) Transfer from Nasal Cavity to the Brain

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The nasal-to-brain route for drug delivery is potentially useful for the treatment of brain disorders. Not only chemically modified molecules but also nanosized carrier vesicles, such as cell culture-derived exosomes, as small molecules, could be delivered via this route. The focus of the present study was to evaluate the potential of vesicular plant-derived nanoparticles (PDNPs), which have been identified as multivesicular bodies, for transporting molecules via the nasal-to-brain route. PDNPs were isolated from the edible parts of onion (Allium cepa), cherry tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum var. cerasiforme), Delaware grape (Vitis labrusca "Delaware"), and grapefruit (Citrus × paradisi) using commercial kits without ultracentrifugation. Recombinant exogenous microRNA (cel-miR-39) was encapsulated into PDNPs by electroporation. Cel-miR-39-incorporated PDNPs were administered to adult male C57BL/6J mice via intranasal instillation or intravenous injection, and then tissue samples were collected. Cel-miR-39 transportation efficiency was evaluated by quantitative RT-PCR. Intranasal instillation was found to be more effective than intravenous injection for microRNA delivery to the brain. The onion-derived nanoparticle was the most effective transporter of microRNA to the olfactory bulb and caudal brain. The transportation potential and kinetics of other molecules (therapeutic drugs) using onion-derived nanoparticles are of future interest.
Phytohaemagglutinin-stimulated transformation of peripheral and lymph-node lymphocytes in patients with gastro-intestinal cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Phytohaemagglutinin-induced lymphocyte transformation has been studied in 10 patients with gastro-intestinal cancer and in 8 control subjects. When cultured in autologous serum, peripheral lymphocytes from cancer patients exhibited lower transformation indices (L.T.I.) than did those of control subjects. Culture in AB serum resulted in an elevation of the L.T.I. of peripheral lymphocytes from cancer patients whilst those of the controls were essentially unchanged. Of 6 control subjects, 5 showed reduced L.T.I.'s when their circulating lymphocytes were cultured in serum from cancer patients. Mesenteric lymph-node lymphocytes from patients with cancer also showed lower indices compared with the control group and these were elevated by culture in AB serum.
Modeling office firm dynamics in an agent-based micro simulation framework:methods and empirical analysis

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Office firms represent a large share of economic activities, especially in the sector of professional services. In general, firms will follow an evolutionary cycle comprising the dynamics of starting-up, finding a location to establish their business, growing or declining, relocating and going out of business. The underlying approach taken in this research project relies on the idea that the evolution of office firms is strongly influenced by the urban environment. Traditionally, the specific relationship between transportation and land use has been examined in the framework of aggregate integrated land use-transportation (LUTI) models. However, the field is moving toward a more disaggregate approach, based on concepts of micro simulation and agent-based models. These are built on behaviorally richer concepts for examining firm dynamics, such as firm demography. The aim of this research project is to contribute to this emerging field by developing an agent-based modeling approach to simulate the evolution of office firms in time and space. To this end, a set of statistical/econometric models is used to investigate the relationships between specific firm demographic processes and the urban environment. The research project contributes to the existing literature by focusing on office firm demography and related land use and transportation influences, exploring alternative approaches to model office firm dynamics empirically, and using very detailed nationwide data from The Netherlands.
On a single machine-scheduling problem with separated position and resource effects

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

AbstractRudek and Rudek [1] studied a single machine-scheduling problem to minimize the makespan, in which the processing time of each job depends on its position and an amount of a common non-renewable limited resource allocated to it. For this problem, the two effects are separated in the sense that an optimal decision with respect to the job positions can be taken independently of that with respect to the resource allocation. The authors suggested an time algorithm to find an optimal resource allocation. We show that the proof of optimality of this algorithm is incorrect. Further, we demonstrate that the resource allocation problem is equivalent to the well-known fractional knapsack problem, for which there exist and O(n) time algorithms.Keywords: machine schedulingsingle machineaging effectresource allocationfractional knapsackAMS Subject Classifications: 90B9968R05View correction statement:Corrigendum NotesThis article was originally published with omissions. This version has been amended. Please see Corrigendum http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02331934.2014.935563This research was supported by the Polish National Science Centre [decision no. DEC-2011/03/B/ST6/00364].
Improving medication safety practice at a community hospital: a focus on bar code medication administration scanning and pain reassessment

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Introduction In the USA over 30% of medication errors occur at the point of administration. Among non-surgical patients in US hospitals exposed to opioids, 0.6% experience a severe opioid-related adverse event. In September 2018, Sierra View Medical Center identified two areas of opportunity for quality improvement: bedside bar code medication administration (BCMA) and pain reassessments. At baseline (April 2018 to September 2018) only 81% of medications were scanned prior to administration with pain reassessments completed only 41% of the time 1 hour postopioid administration. Objective To improve BCMA scanning rates (goal ≥95%) and pain reassessments within 1 hour postopioid administration (goal ≥90%). Methods Implementation methods included data transparency, weekly dashboards, education and plan-do-study-act (PDSA) cycles informed by feedback from key stakeholders. Results Following a series of PDSA cycle implementations, barcode medication administration (BCMA) scanning rates improved by 14% (from 81% to 95%) and pain reassessments improved by 50% (from 41% to 91%), sustained 17 months postproject implementation (October 2018 to February 2019). The number of adverse drug events (ADEs) related to administration errors decreased by 17% (estimated annual cost savings of $120 750–239 725 per year) and opioid-related ADEs decreased by 2.6% (estimated annual cost savings of $72 855–80 928 per year). Conclusion Adopting John Kotter’s model for change, developing performance dashboards and sustaining engagement among stakeholders on a weekly basis improved bar code medication scanning rates and pain reassessment compliance. The stakeholders created momentum for change in both practice and culture resulting in improved patient safety with a favourable financial impact.
The effect of passive torque on the kinematics of vestibular-evoked reflexive head movements

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

When the body is passively moved in space, reflexive compensatory head movements (vesitbulo-collic reflex, VCR) are produced to help stabilize the head with respect to the trunk. In addition, cervical stretch reflexes are activated when the head moves on the trunk (cervico-collic reflex, CCR). Each of these reflexes is thought to contribute to the stability of the head with respect to the trunk by producing head movements during body perturbations. In humans, the VCR has been shown to rapidly adapt to changes in the head's inertia by adding mass to the head during whole body rotations. In this study, a method was developed for modifying the torque acting on the head during rotation in squirrel monkeys in order to study adaptive properties of the VCR in animals. The VCR produced during horizontal rotation was studied in two squirrel monkeys while the torque exerted on the head was varied (0-5.5 oz-in). During low torque conditions the kinematics of the head movements (gain and phase) were anti-compensatory rather than compensatory. As the imposed torque was increased, the gain of the head movements gradually increased until the head was stable in space. These results illustrate the interactions between the VCR and CCR in small non-human primates free to move their head during whole body rotations. Further studies are necessary to determine what neural circuits underlie the observed interactions between the VCR and CCR
Environmental changes in a coastal area of the Ría de Vigo (NW Iberia) recorded in the sediments infilling a Roman salt-mine

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Poster presentado en el XVIII Simposium de l'Asociacion de Palinologos de Lengua Espanola: Palynology et Diversites celebrado en Cartagena (Espana) del 27 al 29 de septiembre de 2011
Peer Review #2 of "SC-JNMF: single-cell clustering integrating multiple quantification methods based on joint non-negative matrix factorization (v0.3)"

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Single-cell RNA-sequencing is a rapidly evolving technology that enables us to understand biological processes at unprecedented resolution.Single-cell expression analysis requires a complex data processing pipeline, and the pipeline is divided into two main parts: The quantification part, which converts the sequence information into gene-cell matrix data; the analysis part, which analyzes the matrix data using statistics and/or machine learning techniques.In the analysis part, unsupervised cell clustering plays an important role in identifying cell types and discovering cell diversity and subpopulations.Identified cell clusters are also used for subsequent analysis, such as finding differentially expressed genes and inferring cell trajectories.However, single-cell clustering using gene expression profiles shows different results depending on the quantification methods.Clustering results are greatly affected by the quantification method used in the upstream process.In other words, even if the original RNA-sequence data is the same, gene expression profiles processed by different quantification methods will produce different clusters.In this article, we propose a robust and highly accurate clustering method based on joint non-negative matrix factorization (joint-NMF) by utilizing the information from multiple gene expression profiles quantified using different methods from the same RNA-sequence data.Our joint-NMF can extract common factors among multiple gene expression profiles by applying each NMF under the constraint that one of the factorized matrices is shared among multiple NMFs.The joint-NMF determines more robust and accurate cell clustering results by leveraging multiple quantification methods compared to conventional clustering methods, which use only a single gene expression profile.Additionally, we showed the usefulness of discovering marker genes with the extracted factors using our method.seq).This technology has reached a surprising level of resolution that reveals the regulation of gene 35 expression within cells.scRNA-seq measures gene expression on a cell-by-cell basis and allows the 36 analysis of the functions and properties of cells using this information.Many experimental protocols 37 and computational analyses exist for scRNA-seq, and they have different goals such as differential ex-38 pression analysis, cell clustering, cell classification, and trajectory reconstruction.Therefore, single-cell 39 analysis forms a pipeline (a series of procedures) that mainly consists of two parts, quantification of 40 gene expression and downstream analysis depends on the goals.In the quantification part of a pipeline, 41 gene expression levels measured for each cell (raw sequence data) are converted to a matrix called the 42 "gene expression profile".The quantification part also forms a pipeline including read quality control, 43 adaptor trimming, demultiplexing, deduplicating using barcodes, mapping to genome, counting transcripts.
Effect of compositional variation of dental MTA cements on setting time

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

치과용 MTA (Mineral Trioxide Aggregate) 시멘트의 긴 경화시간은 임상사용에서 큰 단점이다. 본 연구는 시판되는 9종 MTA제품의 경화시간을 ISO 6876:2012 표준방법에 따라 5회 반복 측정하였다. 평가된 재료는 ProRoot MTA (PR), Ortho MTA (Ortho), Retro MTA (Retro), Endocem MTA (Endocem), Endoseal MTA (Endoseal), One-Fil (OF), MTA Cem (MC), EZ-Seal (EZ), 및 Biodentine (BD) 이었다. 경화시간에 미치는 조성의 영향을 평가하기 위하여 XRD 및 XRF 분석을 시행하였다. 경화시간 결과값 사이의 유의성은 비모수 검정 방법인 Kruskal-Wallis 분석 후 Duncan 사후검정을 통해 다중분석하였다. 경화시간은 PR > EZ > OF > Ortho > Retro > MC > Endoseal > BD > Endocem 순 이었다 (p < 0.001). PR은 가장 긴(369.4 분), Endocem은 가장 짧은(2.4 분) 경화시간을 보였다. Endocem (2.4 분), BD (16.0 분) 및 Endoseal (47.0 분)은 탄산칼슘(calcium carbonate)를 함유하였고, 그 다음으로 경화시간이 짧았던 MC (48.8 분), Retro (43.6 분), Ortho (65.0 분) 및 OF (165.4 분)는 알루민산 이석회(dicalcium aluminate)를 함유하였다. EZ (182.4 분)는 초기강도 형성에 기여하는 규산 삼석회(tricalcium silicate)보다는 규산 이석회(dicalcium silicate)가 주 결정상을 이뤘고, 황산칼슘(calcium sulfate)을 함유하였다. 가장 짧은 경화시간을 보인 Endocem은 가장 작은 d90 입도(6.12 μm)를 보였다. 본 연구결과는 MTA 시멘트의 경화시간 조절을 위한 조성 개발과 각 임상 증례에 적합한 경화시간을 갖는 제품의 선택에 도움이 될 것으로 사료된다.
IDRA weather radar measurements - day 2014-09-11

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Radar range: standard. Max rain level: weak rain. Parent item: IDRA weather radar measurements - month 2014-09 Measuring instrument: IDRA atmospheric radar in CESAR observatory, Cabauw IRCTR has built a high resolution radar system, IDRA (IRCTR Drizzle Radar), aimed at the detailed observation of the spatial and temporal distribution of rainfall and drizzle. The system was placed at the end of August 2007 on top of a 213 m high meteorological tower in the CESAR (Cabauw Experimental Site for Atmospheric Research) observatory in Cabauw, The Netherlands. This location has several advantages: In the first place, an increased sensitivity due to the reduction of the influence of ground clutter. Secondly, it allows direct observation of the horizontal distribution of low level clouds and fog. Finally, the presence of other instruments in the vicinity enhances the understanding of the physical processes in the atmosphere by synergistically combining their measurements. Data from other instruments at CESAR are available at {http://www.cesar-database.nl}. IDRA provides the horizontal distribution of reflectivity, mean Doppler velocity, Doppler spectrum width and polarimetric parameters like differential reflectivity, linear depolarization ratio or specific differential phase. The data collected is freely available to the scientific community.
HTLV Myelopathy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Infection due to the human T-lymphocytic 1 (HTLV-1) virus can result in a myelopathy involving the thoracolumbar spinal cord, which typically manifests clinically as a spastic paraparesis—hence its alternative moniker tropical spastic paraparesis. In this chapter, we summarize the diagnostic approach to a patient with a spastic paraparesis and the key points, which assist in narrowing down the lengthy differential diagnosis to HTLV-1.
Accounting for Endoscopic Screening in Colorectal Cancer Risk Models

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background: Colorectal cancer risk models routinely adjust for endoscopic screening because of (i) possible confounding with other risk factors and (ii) possible alteration of the natural history of the disease due to adenoma detection and removal. Methods: In this study, we defined a subject as screen-covered (SC) if a colonoscopy was performed in the past 10 years and not screen-covered (NSC) otherwise. We created colorectal cancer risk models separately for SC and NSC subjects (HRSC, HRNSC) and then obtained a screening-coverage adjusted HR estimate (HRfull) based on a weighted average of ln(HRSC) and ln(HRNSC), with weight equal to the proportion of SC person-time in the Nurses' Healh Study (NHS) population. We illustrate these methods on 45,538 participants of the NHS, for whom we have updated endoscopy data from 1986 to 2014. Results: The adjustment effects of screening were small for most risk factors, but the HR for age became stronger after adjustment [HRunadjusted = 1.59 (1.48, 1.71); HRfull = 1.81 (1.67, 1.97)], whereas the HR for current menopausal hormone therapy became weaker [HRunadjusted Estrogen only (E) = 0.62 (0.54, 0.73); HRfull E = 0.72 (0.60, 0.87)]. Conclusions: We have demonstrated a novel approach to control for the confounding effect of screening in colorectal cancer risk models. Impact: Improved methods to address the impact of screening in colorectal cancer risk models reduce bias in the estimation of associations with other risk factors. Additional applications and evaluation of this method in other populations would support the utility of this approach.
Tumors of the Penis and the Urethra

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Overview Penile cancer is predominantly of squamous histology, a proportion of those are related to human papillomavirus (HPV). Penile squamous cell carcinoma (PSCC) is rare in the developed world and among circumcised men. For patients with localized PSCC, early potentially less debilitating surgery can be curative. Other modalities are less robust. Metastasis presents initially with lymphatic local regional disease progression, also the lymph node metastatic extent remains the strongest prognostic indicator of clinical outcomes. Patients with bulky locally advanced disease may benefit from multimodal approach with neoadjuvant cisplatin‐based chemotherapy followed by consolidative inguinal lymph node dissection. Urethral cancer is a rare and histologically heterogenous carcinoma but can be aggressive depending on tumor histology. The prognosis and treatment approach depend on the gender, histology, location of the tumor within the urethra, and extent of disease.
A Framework for Computing Harmonic Power Flows Due to Geomagnetically Induced Currents in Power Systems

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Geomagnetically Induced Currents (GICs) in power systems can cause problems in grid operations as they serve as a source of harmonics due to transformer core saturation. This results in distortion of currents and voltages thereby affecting the quality and reliability of power transfers in the system. Hence, it is important to analyze the impact of these GICs on the currents and voltages in the power system. This paper presents a framework to model and analyze the impact of GICs. First, the harmonic spectra of the currents injected by GIC-affected transformers are computed using an electromagnetic transient (EMT) program, which simulates the harmonic emissions of the transformers under the combined effect of GICs and fundamental AC excitation voltages. Then, these harmonic spectra of transformer currents are modeled in the power system using current sources and the impact of GICs are studied by computing unbalanced harmonic power flows. The end results are voltage and current distortions at every location of the power system. These results can be a foundation for performing geomagnetic disturbance (GMD) vulnerability assessment as required in NERC Standard TPL-007-4 and used for evaluating the harmonic distortion impact on protection systems and, if required, filters are designed to prevent equipment tripping during these GMD events.
Six Sigma evaluation using process capability and <i><span style="text-decoration: overline">X</span></i> control chart for reducing variance in oil density characteristic: a study in Yemen

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper presents Six Sigma evaluation based on process capability with -X control chart to reduce variations in the oil density characteristics in an oil refinery process in Aden, Yemen. Twenty-five oil density samples with normal distribution were randomly collected, and each sample consisted of four items. Analysis indicated that the levels of sigma employed in Aden refinery are less than 3 σ. The results of this study suggested that the -X chart based on six sigma estimation method is significant to reduce variance in the oil density characteristic. In addition, the sigma levels increase when the process capability increases. Thus, the increment in sigma levels leads to improvements in the performance of the process refinery of oil density characteristic. Finally, this paper provides the necessary fundamentals and knowledge for quality control researchers and engineers to reduce variances by using Six Sigma.
Putrescine elicits ROS‐dependent activation of the salicylic acid pathway in Arabidopsis thaliana

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Polyamines are small amines that accumulate during stress and contribute to disease resistance through as yet unknown signaling pathways. Using a comprehensive RNA‐sequencing analysis, we show that early transcriptional responses triggered by each of the most abundant polyamines (putrescine, spermidine, spermine, thermospermine and cadaverine) exhibit specific quantitative differences, suggesting that polyamines (rather than downstream metabolites) elicit defense responses. Signaling by putrescine, which accumulates in response to bacteria that trigger effector triggered immunity (ETI) and systemic acquired resistance (SAR), is largely dependent on the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide, and is partly dependent on salicylic acid (SA), the expression of ENHANCED DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY ( EDS1 ) and NONEXPRESSOR of PR GENES1 ( NPR1 ). Putrescine elicits local SA accumulation as well as local and systemic transcriptional reprogramming that overlaps with SAR. Loss‐of‐function mutations in arginine decarboxylase 2 ( ADC2 ), which is required for putrescine synthesis and copper amine oxidase ( CuAO ), which is involved in putrescine oxidation, compromise basal defenses, as well as putrescine and pathogen‐triggered systemic resistance. These findings confirm that putrescine elicits ROS‐dependent SA pathways in the activation of plant defenses.