jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Stabilization of a class of underactuated mechanical systems via total energy shaping

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this paper a system of ODEs and a method for its solution are proposed for passivity-based stabilization of a class of underactuated mechanical systems. This method simplifies the PDEs imposed by the passivity-based control via interconnection and damping assignment (IDA-PBC) technique. For a class of mechanical systems satisfying some mathematical properties the PDEs are reduced to a simple set of nonlinear ODEs. A general solution for these equations in the 2-DOF case is presented, through a new parametrization of the closed loop inertia matrix. Two examples illustrate the method, achieving kinetic and potential energy shaping in a straightforward manner. The simulation analysis in comparison with recent studies highlight the advantages of these techniques.
Occurrence Download

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

A dataset containing 1 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query: { "and" : [ "TaxonKey is one of (Cephalopoda)", "HasCoordinate is true", "HasGeospatialIssue is false", "Year is greater than or equal to 1980", "OccurrenceStatus is Present", { "not" : { "BasisOfRecord" : [ "is one of (Fossil, Living Specimen)" ] } }, "Geometry POLYGON((130 10,140 10,140 20,130 20,130 10))" ] } The dataset includes 1 records from 1 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0014590-251009101135966/datasets/export for details. Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
Hemochromatosis in Italy in the Last 30 Years. Role of Genetic and Acquired Factors.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Abstract 2003 Poster Board I-1025 Background & Aims Clinical presentation of hereditary hemochromatosis markedly changed in the recent years. The aim of the study was to analyze a large series of consecutive Italian patients with hemochromatosis diagnosed between 1976 and 2007 to define whether the genetic background and the presence of acquired risk factors influenced the severity of iron overload and the natural history of the disease across the years. Methods: A cohort of 452 Italian patients with iron overload, of whom 338 HFE-related (C282Y homozygotes or compound C82Y/H63D heterozygotes, and 114 non-HFE-related, prospectively followed for a median of 112 months. Results: Alcohol intake, smoking habits and iron removed to depletion were similar in patients with and without HFE-related iron overload. HBV (4% and 10% p=0.03) and HCV (9% and 17% p=0.02) infections were more frequent in patients with non-HFE-related iron overload. Seventy-three percent and 61% of the patients with HFE and non-HFE-related disease had no acquired risk factor. Cirrhosis was significantly more frequent in non-HFE patients, independently of the presence of acquired risk factors (p=0.02). Gender, alcohol intake, prevalence of smokers, HCV infection, glucose, lipids, iron-related parameters and prevalence of C282Y/H63D significantly differed across the years. At enrolment cirrhosis was present in 145 cases, being significantly more frequent in the first decade (80%, 47% and 13%, p=0.001). Survival did not differ across the decades in cirrhotic patients, HCC occurring similarly in HFE and non-HFE patients. Conclusion: Patients with HFE and non-HFE related iron overload have comparable iron overload and similar clinical history. Patients, unless cirrhotics at enrolment, diagnosed during the last 10 years have less severe disease and lower prevalence of acquired risk factors, independently of genetic background. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Patient Dose in Breast Imaging: a retrospective analysis

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Poster: EuroSafe Imaging 2017 / ESI-0038 / Patient Dose in Breast Imaging: a retrospective analysis by: Morasca1, W. Amadei2, P. Belli3, L. Indovina2, D. Pasini2, E. Chiarini2, G. Migliaro4, A. Piermattei2, L. Bonomo5; 1Catholic University Rome/IT, 2 Roma/IT, 3Radiology Rome/IT, 4 San Valentino Torio/IT, 5Policlinico Rome/IT
A complex of methods of radiation diagnostics in a patient with multiple myeloma (clinical case)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The article presents the possibilities of the complex application of methods of radiation diagnostics: bone x-ray, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, computed tomography, positron emission tomography combined with computed tomography using fluorodeoxyglucose labeled with 18-fluorine (PET/CT with 18F-FDG) in a patient with multiple myeloma, which was treated in the amount of high-dose therapy with autologous transplantation of hematopoietic stem cells. The diagnosis was established immunohistochemically. The use of these methods allowed us to dynamically assess the pathological changes characteristic of multiple myeloma.
Neonatal Syncytial Giant Cell Hepatitis with Paramyxoviral-like Inclusions

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Syncytial giant cell hepatitis in the neonatal period has been associated with many different etiologic agents and may present initially as cholestasis. Infectious causes are most common and include: (1 ) generalized bacterial sepsis, (2) viral agents, (3) toxoplasmosis, (4) syphilis, (5) listeriosis, and (6) tuberculosis. Viral hepatitis may be due to cytomegalovirus, rubella virus, herpes simplex, HHV-6, varicella, coxsackievirus, echovirus, reovirus 3, parvovirus B19, HIV, enteroviruses, paramyxovirus, and hepatitis A, B, or C (rare). Giant cell hepatitis may result in fulminant liver failure with massive hepatocyte necrosis and severe liver dysfunction leading to death, resolution with severely compromised liver function, or liver transplantation. The authors report a 6-week-old male who had an unremarkable perinatal period, became jaundiced after developing diarrhea, and subsequently developed liver dysfunction with massively increased liver enzymes and a coagulopathy. Open wedge and core liver biopsies were performed to determine if the patient should be listed for liver transplantation. Giant cell hepatitis with a significant mixed lymphocytic and neutrophilic infiltrate was present on both the wedge and core biopsies. The residual 60% of hepatocytes had ballooning degeneration and many possessed pyknotic nuclei. The hepatocytes were arranged in a pseudoacinar pattern. Electron microscopy showed paramyxoviral-like inclusions in the giant cells, characterized as large inclusions with fine filamentous, beaded substructures (18-20 nm). Paramyxoviridae are nonsegmented, negative-sense, single-stranded RNA viruses. This family is divided into the Paramyxovirinae subfamily containing respirovirus (Sendai virus, parainfluenza virus type 3), rubulavirus (mumps, parainfluenza virus type 2), and morbillivirus genera (measles); and Pneumovirinae subfamily (pneumovirus genus [respiratory syncytial virus]). Supportive care to determine if hepatic function resolves following the viral episode, liver transplantation with fulminant liver failure, and ongoing evaluation in those who recover to assess chronic liver disease are necessary. Ultrastructural evaluation may unmask the etiologic agent for hepatitis and direct therapy.
SU‐FF‐I‐36: Improving Noise‐Resolution Tradeoffs in X‐Ray CT Imaging by Statistical Image Reconstruction

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose: To assess the potential of a statistical image reconstruction (SIR) algorithm, penalized alternating minimization (AM) [IEEE TMI 26: 283] for improving image quality, relative to filtered back projection (FBP), for a given imaging dose. Minimizing the x‐ray CT imaging dose is an important goal both for CT‐guided radiotherapy and for imaging of pediatric patients and screening healthy populations. Method and Materials: Synthetic datasets with Poisson noise were formed from cylindrical phantoms with a variety of simulated high and low contrast features. A penalized AM algorithm based on separable surrogate penalty functions was implemented and investigated for Good's roughness penalty, an edge‐preserving log‐cosh penalty, and a novel penalty on local transmission fluctuations, all of which were applied only to adjacent pixels. Simulations were performed for a Somatom Plus 4 third generation geometry. Image blur (resolution) was specified in terms of the FWHM (σ) of the Gaussian, which when convolved with the truth image, best matched the estimated image. Resolution was varied by adjusting the filter cutoff frequency for FBP and the Lagrange multiplier for AM. Noise was quantified by image intensity variance in a uniform region. Results: For a fixed photon fluence, penalized AM images had smaller variances than FBP at all image blur levels, although the differences were not significant for low spatial resolution and low contrast features. However, for clinically relevant σ < 2 mm, the advantage of AM increased with increasing spatial resolution and contrast. For example, at σ = 1 mm, FBP had 48% and 24% larger variances for 75% contrast inserts with 0.5 mm pixels and 10% contrast with 1 mm pixels. The three penalty functions had comparable performance. Conclusion: Regularized AM SIR has the potential to realize signal‐to‐noise ratio gains equivalent to 30% imaging dose increases. Supported in part by R01 CA075371.
The Relationship between Religiosity, PTSD, and Depressive Symptoms in Veterans in PTSD Residential Treatment

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Veterans who have experienced traumatic events may develop posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression. These traumatic experiences and their sequelae can lead Veterans to question their religious and spiritual faith. Studies with community samples have identified positive and negative associations between religiosity and depression; however, research on religiosity is lacking in the area of PTSD. Our study aimed to evaluate the relationship between religiosity, PTSD, and depressive symptoms in Veterans enrolled in PTSD residential treatment. Significant associations between religiosity, PTSD, and depressive symptoms were observed. Contrary to our hypothesis, higher levels of extrinsic-social religious motivation were associated with lower severity of PTSD and depressive symptoms. A more negative concept of God was associated with higher severity of PTSD and depressive symptoms, whereas, a more positive concept of God was associated with lower severity of depressive symptoms and was not significantly associated with PTSD symptoms. Evaluating religiosity in patients may be an important area to address in PTSD and depression treatment. These findings and clinical implications are addressed.
Effects of atorvastatin on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

目的 观察不同剂量阿托伐他汀对实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎(EAE)的治疗效果,探讨其作用机制.方法 采用Wistar大鼠建立EAE模型,分别应用每日每千克体重2、8 mg的阿托伐他汀进行治疗,观察其对大鼠发病率、复发率、神经功能评分和组织病理改变的影响及程度,并测定基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)和IL-4在体内的表达及含量变化.结果 EAE模型组与大剂量治疗组相比较,神经功能评分有显著改善,发病率由76.67%下降至33.33%(P=O.008),脊髓组织中血管袖套数目由3.2±1.1减少为1.3±0.4(P=0.01),血清中IL-4的含量由(0.35±0.12)ng/ml显著提高至(0.68±0.23)ng/ml(P=0.05),MMP-9在组织中的表达由37±7减少至26±5(P=0.001).结论 阿托伐他汀能改善EAE的临床表现,减轻组织损伤,其作用可能与减少MMP-9和提高IL-4含量有关。
Improving traditional intention-to-treat analyses: a new approach

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Background. Drop-out, often accompanied by treatment non-compliance, is common in psychiatric trials. Methodologists have criticized the use of a traditional intention-to-treat (ITT) approach in such cases, and have proposed alternative methods. We set out to describe and assess methods for estimation of a treatment effect when the trial is ‘broken’. Method. We describe a stratified method of moments (SMOM) estimator that assesses treatment effects on subjects who are willing to comply with all the treatments under study. A simulation study and a re-analysis of data from an antipsychotics trial are used to compare SMOM to ITT, as-treated, and adequate estimators. Results. The new estimator retains good statistical properties under different levels of non-compliance and drop-out mechanisms. The re-analysis indicates that SMOM yields more precise results. Conclusions. Although the traditional ITT approach provides a valid method to estimate treatment effects, it can be biased in the presence of treatment non-compliance and drop-out. It is critical that researchers move beyond traditional approaches when trials are broken. A key first step is to consider non-compliance and drop-out as two independent phenomena, tracking and reporting rates separately.
Pediatric malignancies: Is the prechemotherapy left ventricular function normal?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Purpose We compared the left ventricular (LV) systolic function in children with cancer before initiation of chemotherapy with matched controls using speckle tracking echocardiography. Methods and results In this retrospective study, we analyzed the echocardiograms of 89 cancer patients before the initiation of chemotherapy and 82 age‐ (8.4 ± 5.2 vs. 8.9 ± 3.9 years, P = .4) and gender‐matched (64% vs. 67%, males, P = .4) healthy controls. Peak systolic LV longitudinal strain (LS) was significantly lower in cancer patients in apical two (−19.8 ± 3.0 vs. −23.5 ± 4.0, P < .001), three (−19.4 ± 3.2 vs. −23.4 ± 4.0, P < .001), and four‐chamber views (−19.7 ± 3.4 vs. −22.5 ± 3.0, P < .001) compared to controls, as was global longitudinal strain (GLS) (−19.8 ± 2.7 vs. −23.4 ± 3.2, P < .001). The prechemotherapy group also had a higher E/e' ratio compared to controls at the septal (9.3 ± 3.9 vs. 7.9 ± 1.7, P = .005) and lateral annulus (7.9 ± 3.3 vs. 5.9 ± 1.4, P < .001) of the mitral valve. The LV ejection fraction was lower in cancer patients compared to controls (63.5 ± 4.9 vs. 66.8 ± 4.1, P < .001), although still within normal limits. There were no differences in LV myocardial performance index (0.30 ± 0.05 vs. 0.30 ± 0.09, P < .65) and shortening fraction (35.8 ± 5.2 vs. 36.1 ± 6.1, P < 0.75) between the two groups. Subgroup analysis showed no difference in LV GLS between patients with solid tumors (n = 56) and blood cancers (n = 33) (GLS −19.2 ± 2.9 vs. 19.5 ± 2.4, P > 0.05). Conclusion Our data demonstrating abnormalities in LV GLS in pediatric cancer patients even prior to initiation of chemotherapy are novel and perplexing. Further longitudinal follow‐up is required to assess the implications of this abnormal LV function in these patients.
Hydraulic symbols: Part three: Valves

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Similar to human health, the importance of hydraulics sometimes becomes apparent only in her absence. Images and motives of agricultural workers from the past times and centuries can look attractive only on paintings of arts. In reality, it was a very hard and sometimes quite dangerous job. The introduction of hydraulics in construction of modern farming machines, agriculture is less demanding for all farm workers, but also more efficient, which is of particular importance for providing enough food for the growing world during the 20-th century. Achieving high efficiency, reliability and long service life of these systems requires sophisticated diagnostics and failure repairment, regular maintenance and careful use of each hydraulic system, and this is only possible with a good knowledge of the functional principles of all elements, their connections and the whole system. However, modern hydraulic systems of agricultural machines are often very complicated, and the construction of their components is too complex for detailed graphic representation within the whole corresponding hydraulic installation. Therefore, instead of detailed representation of the components, schematic diagrams are used. This manuscript represents a logical continuation of the first and second parts of the paper, devoted to the general symbols, labels of measuring instruments and indicators (part one), as well as pumps and actuators (part two). The third) part of the paper presents the hydraulic symbols of the system control elements - hydraulic valves. The graphical symbols of these components are defined by ISO standards.
Assessment of antimicrobial prescribing and rationality of drug usage in general practitioners in Pune city, India

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: Most of the common ailments are managed by general practitioners (GPs). GPs prescribe major bulk of the drugs sold in the market. Naturally, irrational use of drugs at this level could lead to disastrous consequences. So this study was undertaken to determine prescribing pattern of Antimicrobials (AMA) and the rationality of drug usage by GPs in Pune city. Methods: It was a cross-sectional study. Pune city was divided into 5 zones. MBBS, BAMS and BHMS GPs doing Allopathic practice were selected randomly. 2 GPs of each specialty per zone were selected; this gave us 10 GPs of each degree – so total 30 GPs.30 Prescriptions at each GP were collected – total 900 prescriptions. The following parameters were studied- Diagnosis of patient, Average no. of drugs/prescription Percentage of AMAs prescribed, Rationality of AMA, Selection of AMAs diagnosis wise, Rationality of Prescription. Results: More than 75% patients coming to GPs were suffering from communicable diseases. Average no. of drugs / prescription and percentage of prescription with AMAs was high in all GPs. Macrolides was the most common group of AMA used by MBBS whereas Cephalosporins was used by BAMS and BHMS. Irrational use of AMAs was high in BHMS GPs. Use of irrational FDCs, banned drugs, steroids was high in BAMS GPs. Conclusions: There are deficiencies in prescription practices among all GPs. Not only are GPs prescribing the highest number of AMAs per prescription anywhere, their prescription practices for common health problems are highly inappropriate. High level of irrational use of drugs by BAMS and BHMS GPs are cause of concern.
Systematic Identification of Antioxidants in Lards, Shortenings, and Vegetable Oils by Thin Layer Chromatography

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract A simple and reliable method is described for rapid identification of ascorbyl palmitate, butylated hydroxyanisole, butylated hydroxytoluene, ethoxyquin, gallates (lauryl, octyl, propyl), nordihydroguaiaretic acid, 3,3’-thiodipropionic acid, tocopherol, t-butylhydroquinone, and 2,4,5-trihydroxybutyrophenone in lards, shortenings, and vegetable oils. The antioxidants are extracted with 95% methanol, concentrated under vacuum at ≤45°C, and analyzed by thin layer chromatography. Three elution solvents, 2 adsorbent types, 2 visualization sprays, and UV viewing at 254 and 366 nm are used. Sunflower and corn oil samples, fortified with 100 ppm antioxidant, were analyzed to establish the validity of the method.
Direct stimulation of ovarian progesterone-metabolizing enzyme by gonadotropin-releasing hormone in cultured granulosa cells.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The mechanism by which gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) inhibits ovarian progesterone production was investigated by studying the GnRH modulation of 20 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity in cultured rat granulosa cells. The granulosa cells obtained from hypophysectomized, estrogen-treated rats were treated with various hormones in vitro and 20 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity determined by measuring the conversion of radiolabeled 20 alpha-hydroxy-pregn-4-en-3-one to progesterone. Treatment with follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) increased the 20 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity of granulosa cells to 1.3-fold of the control value. Concomitant treatment with 10(-8) M GnRH further enhanced the FSH stimulation of enzyme activity to 2.6-fold of the control value. The increases in 20 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity were associated with increases in maximum velocity, while the Km values remained unchanged. In contrast, prolactin (PRL) treatment of FSH-primed granulosa cells resulted in an 88% decrease in 20 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity as compared to untreated controls. Concomitant treatment with GnRH partially blocked this inhibitory effect. Furthermore, incubation of granulosa cells for 2 days with GnRH alone resulted in a 2.7-fold increase in 20 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity, as compared to untreated controls. In all experiments, the effect of GnRH was blocked by concomitant treatment with a GnRH antagonist. These results suggest that one mechanism by which GnRH inhibits FSH- and PRL-stimulated progesterone production in granulosa cells is through the stimulation of the activity of 20 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase which converts progesterone to a less active metabolite.
Hepatitis B Virus DNA Levels, Genotypes and Histology in HBeAg Negative Chronic Hepatitis B Virus (CHBV) Infected Patients with Persistently Normal ALT, the ‘Inactive Carrier’

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose: HBeAg negative chronic hepatitis B virus (CHBV) infected patients with persistently normal ALT (PNALT) for 12 mo. are generally diagnosed as inactive HBV carrier. In the NIH Workshop (2000) it was suggested that subjects with inactive disease could be differentiated from subjects with active disease by an HBV DNA of <105 copies/ml. This cut-off value remains controversial. Also, there is paucity of histological data in HBeAg negative patients with PNALT. The aim was to correlate HBVDNA levels and liver histology in HBeAg- subjects with chronic HBV infection with PNALT and compare with patients with intermittently normal ALT (INALT). Methods: HBeAg - patients who had at least 1 year follow-up and had either PNALT (at least 3 ALT values in 1yr prior to liver biopsy) or INALT (at least 3 ALT values and at least one <40 IU/L in 1 yr. prior to biopsy). Biopsy specimens were scored by Knodel index. Results: 116 HBeAg- CHB patients with PNALT [Gr1, age: 34.6 ± 14.5yr, 68.1% M] were compared with 172 patients with INALT [Gr.2, age:34.2 ± 13.9yr,84.3% M]. Liver biopsy was available in 58 patients in Gr1. Distribution of genotypes [A/D/A+D] was 30/60/10% in Gr1 & 14.3/57.1/28.6% in Gr2 [p= 0.349]. Mean ± SD[median (range)] baseline DNA was 4.50 ± 1.82[4.29 (2.00–9.20] logcopies/mL in Gr1 & 5.77 ± 1.70[5.45 (2.00–9.41)] logcopies/mL in Gr2[p= <0.001]. 41 (35.3%)patients in Gr1 & 107 (62.2%) in Gr2 had baseline DNA >5logcopies/mL [p= <0.001]. 29 (25%) patients in Gr1 & 8 (4.71%) in Gr2 had baseline DNA <3logcopies/mL [p= <0.001]. Mean ± SD [median (range)] HAI was 3.5 ± 2[3 (1–10] in Gr1 & 4.7 ± 2.5[4 (1–13)] in Gr2[p= 0.001]. 23 of 58 (39.7%) patients in Gr1 & 108 (62.8%) in Gr2 had HAI >3[p= 0.003]. Mean ± SD[median (range)] fibrosis scores were 0.79 ± 0.81 [1 (0–3)] in Gr1 & 1.73 ± 0.97[2 (0–4)]in Gr2 [p= <0.001]. Distribution of fibrosis stages[0/1/2/3/4] were 39.7/46.6/8.6/5.2/0.0% in Gr1 & 8.1/34.9/37.2/15.1/4.7% in Gr2[p= <0.001]. Eight of 58 (13.8%)patients in Gr1 & 98 (57.0%) in Gr2 had ≥2 fibrosis [p= <0.001]. There was correlation between fibrosis stage & ALT (r = 0.176, p= 0.007) and HBVDNA (r = 0.258, p= 0.<0.001). Similarly, there was correlation between HBV DNA and HAI (r = 0.348, p= <0.001). Conclusions: i) 35.5% of HBeAg–CHBV infected patients with PNALT have HBVDNA >5logcopies/ml. 2) 39.7% of such patients have HAI>3 and 13.8% have ≥2 fibrosis stage on biopsy. 3) The so called ‘inactive carriers’ are not really inactive and hence the term should be abandoned.