jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Data normalization for DNA methylation profiles of cancer genomes

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

For DNA methylation data, many researchers believe that current normalization methods may distort the real difference between the methylation signals for normal and cancer samples. In this paper, using six methylation datasets for three cancer types, we found almost all of the differentially methylated (DM) genes detected in both the Quantile-normalized data and non-normalized data show consistent methylation states. In each dataset, more DM genes could be found in the Quantile-normalized data than in the non-normalized data. We showed that, for each dataset, the DM genes additionally selected in the Quantile-normalized data showed significantly consistent methylation states in another independent dataset for the same cancer, indicating that these extra DM genes are effective biological signals. Hence, the Quantile normalization method can be applied to normalize methylation data to increase the power of detecting DM genes. However, in some datasets, the methylation states of about 1% of DM genes selected in the Quantile-normalized data are opposite to those in the non-normalized data and we must filter out these false DM genes.
Exposure to anesthetics in neonatal period of the rats impairs their sociality and social novelty discrimination behavior via disruption of dopaminergic system

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Evidence is growing that the exposure to anesthetics and sedatives in the neonatal period, which is the "window of vulnerability" during which they are particularly susceptible to disturbance factors, induce neurodevelopmental disorders long after the causative event. We found that rats neonatally treated with midazolam, a common sedative using in pediatric clinical settings, showed changes in sociality and deficits in social novelty discrimination behavior in adulthood. The decrement of the number of positive cells for tyrosine hydroxylase, the rate-limiting enzyme for dopamine synthesis, in the ventral tegmental area and substantia nigra pars compacta observed in these rats suggested that long-lasting decrease of dopamine release is involved in the mechanisms of deficits in social behavior. Furthermore, we revealed that correction of dopamine homeostasis by acute systemic administration of methylphenidate, a dopamine and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor, restored the impaired social novelty discrimination behavior in neonatal midazolam treated rats. In this symposium, we would like to introduce a new probable mechanism concerning hypofunction of dopaminergic system underlies the impairment induced by exposure to anesthetics in neonatal period.
RESEARCH OF EVOLUTIONARY TRENDS OF PLANNING OF THE TRANSCARPATHIAN TERRITORY

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The article is devoted to the evolutionary tendencies of the Transcarpathian settlement system, when each administrative unit was considered as a territorial part of the national economy with its specialization in intersettlement relations. Administrative division in Transcarpathian Ukraine was introduced by the Hungarians in the twelfth century, when these territories were part of the Kingdom of Hungary. The territory was divided into counties. The article considers the stages of formation of the settlement system, analyzes the formation of the settlement system in different historical periods. The modern territorial and administrative division of Transcarpathia began in 1946 - when the region was created. In the process of territorial development, one of the main directions of urban planning was formed - population resettlement and its systematic study. The article studies scientific theories of different periods, studies the theories of different scientists who had an impact on the formation of settlement systems.
Causal Knowledge as a Resource for Selective Scientific Realism

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The main challenge for selective scientific realism is to find reliable and prospectively applicable criteria on which parts of scientific theories one should be realist about. Many of the criteria proposed by selective realists have been shown by antirealists not to yield the correct results when applied to cases from the history of science, or at least to depend in their application on the benefit of hindsight. Taking account of these past failures, I propose a new version of selective scientific realism, inspired by Anjan Chakravartty’s idea of restricting realism to those posits of which we have detailed causal knowledge.

Since this proposal bears some resemblance to earlier realist ideas, such as Stathis Psillos’s attempt to identify the “core causal description” of theoretical entities or Philip Kitcher’s distinction between “working posits” and “idle wheels”, I will first show that my proposal does not repeat the shortcomings of these earlier strategies. I will then seek to make precise the relevant notion of causal knowledge by elucidating three (individually necessary and jointly sufficient) criteria for those instances of inference to the best explanation generating the kind of knowledge that warrants realism. The virtues of this kind of selective realism will become apparent in my discussion of how the realist should respond to Kyle Stanford’s argument from unconceived alternatives.

In the final part of my talk, I will briefly present two case studies that illustrate and support my proposal. The first one concerns Jean Perrin’s experimental work on the atomic hypothesis. Drawing on Stanford’s criticism of earlier realist treatments of this historical episode, I will show that the criteria previously introduced furnish a better account of the importance of Perrin’s work for establishing realism about atoms and molecules. The second case study demonstrates the strength of selective scientific realism in making sense of what particle physicists call the “direct detection” of a theoretically predicted particle. Analyzing the discovery of the neutrino, I show that my version of selective realism precisely captures what differentiates the direct detection of a particle from other (less convincing) means of confirming its existence.

Reference: Egg, Matthias, “Expanding Our Grasp: Causal Knowledge and the Problem of Unconceived Alternatives”. British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 67 (2016), 115-141.
Unbiased Active Inference for Classical Control

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Active inference is a mathematical framework that originated in computational neuroscience. Recently, it has been demonstrated as a promising approach for constructing goal-driven behavior in robotics. Specifically, the active inference controller (AIC) has been successful on several continuous control and state-estimation tasks. Despite its relative success, some established design choices lead to a number of practical limitations for robot control. These include having a biased estimate of the state, and only an implicit model of control actions. In this paper, we highlight these limitations and propose an extended version of the unbiased active inference controller (u-AIC). The u-AIC maintains all the compelling benefits of the AIC and removes its limitations. Simulation results on a 2-DOF arm and experiments on a real 7-DOF manipulator show the improved performance of the u-AIC with respect to the standard AIC. The code can be found at https://github.com/cpezzato/unbiased_aic.
Reduced-order model of geometrically nonlinear flexible structures for fluid-structure interaction applications

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract This paper deals with the numerical computation, via a reduced order models (ROM), of the vibrations of geometrically nonlinear structures triggered by the aeroelastic coupling with a fluid flow. The formulation of the ROM proposed in this paper is based on the projection on a basis of reduced dimension enhanced with dual modes. An explicit expression of the projected nonlinear forces is computed in a non-intrusive way based on the Implicit Condensation method. The resulting ROM is an improvement of the classical ICE method since the effects of membrane stretching are taken into account in the resolution of the dynamic equation of motion. Such a ROM aims to be adapted to follower aerodynamic unsteady loads. In this paper, the construction of the ROM is first detailed and validated under several load cases on a Euler-Bernoulli beam with von Kármán hypothesis. Then a fluid-structure partitioned coupling on a two-dimensional example involving vortex-induced vibrations is considered to demonstrate the capability of such ROM to replace a nonlinear FE solver. In this paper, the limitations of the ICE method are highlighted in the examples treated, while the ROM proposed overcomes such limitations and captures accurately the dynamics.
Reflux nephropathy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Although ureterovesical reflux in children was described as early as 1897,1and the glomerular changes that often ensue if these children survive to adulthood were noted half a century ago,2reflux nephropathy—a term embracing both the etiology and the sequel—is still incompletely understood. Currently, however, with opportunities provided by improved histological and histoimmunologic techniques, this condition is undergoing extensive investigation. Two recent studies—one from Lexington, Ky,3the other from the Mayo Clinic4—shed more light on the development of reflux nephropathy and its response to renal transplantation. Their conclusions are not always in accord. Bhatena et al3of the Lexington group studied 23 patients with reflux nephropathy between 1973 and 1977. All 23 underwent nephrectomies with subsequent renal transplantation, and all manifested focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis in their native kidneys. The lesions appeared to evolve from early glomerular hypertrophy to focal and segmental and occasionally
Comparative Evaluation of Open and Laproscopic Method of Appendectomy in Acute Appendicitis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: There is definitely added advantage of laparoscopic operations. Most of the surgeons now prefer these minimally invasive proce- dures. Laparoscopy has become the number one choice of educated and affording patients. The aim of the study was to compare and evaluate the open and laproscopic method of appendectomy in acute appendicitis. Subjects and Methods: The subjects undergoing appendectomy were evaluated for age, sex, episode number, duration of pain before presentation in hospital, operative time, conversion rate, wound infection, post-operative intra-abdominal abscess formation, and stay in hospital. Results: It was found that average operative time in open surgery was 67.5 minutes and 104 minutes in laparoscopic surgery, with a conversion to open in about 20% of the cases. Oral feeding in the open group was around the 5th day while it was around 2nd day in the laparoscopic group. Average hospital stay was also low in the laparoscopic group, being only around 5 days in laparoscopic group and around 8 days in the open group. Overall complications were also low in the laparoscopic surgery group. Conclusion: It was noted that though conversion to open operation was definitely high but there were other advantages of laparoscopic surgery as well. Stay in the hospital, beginning of oral feeds, requirement of analgesics, wound infection, intra-abdominal abscess; pulmonary complications were less in laparoscopy group.
Acid-base balance in the developing marsupial: from ectotherm to endotherm

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Marsupial joeys are born ectothermic and develop endothermy within their mother's thermally stable pouch. We hypothesized that Tammar wallaby joeys would switch from α-stat to pH-stat regulation during the transition from ectothermy to endothermy. To address this, we compared ventilation (V̇e), metabolic rate (V̇o 2 ), and variables relevant to blood gas and acid-base regulation and oxygen transport including the ventilatory requirements (V̇e/V̇o 2 and V̇e/V̇co 2 ), partial pressures of oxygen (Pa O 2 ), carbon dioxide (Pa CO 2 ), pHa, and oxygen content (Ca O 2 ) during progressive hypothermia in ecto- and endothermic Tammar wallabies. We also measured the same variables in the well-studied endotherm, the Sprague-Dawley rat. Hypothermia was induced in unrestrained, unanesthetized joeys and rats by progressively dropping the ambient temperature (Ta). Rats were additionally exposed to helox (80% helium, 20% oxygen) to facilitate heat loss. Respiratory, metabolic, and blood-gas variables were measured over a large body temperature (Tb) range (∼15–16°C in both species). Ectothermic joeys displayed limited thermogenic ability during cooling: after an initial plateau, V̇o 2 decreased with the progressive drop in Tb. The Tb of endothermic joeys and rats fell despite V̇o 2 nearly doubling with the initiation of cold stress. In all three groups the changes in V̇o 2 were met by changes in V̇e, resulting in constant V̇e/V̇o 2 and V̇e/V̇co 2 , blood gases, and pHa. Thus, although thermogenic capability was nearly absent in ectothermic joeys, blood acid-base regulation was similar to endothermic joeys and rats. This suggests that unlike some reptiles, unanesthetized mammals protect arterial blood pH with changing Tb, irrespective of their thermogenic ability and/or stage of development.
An Investigation of the Aerodynamic and Vibration Behavior of a Helicopter Rotor Blade

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Rotary-wing aircrafts are the best-suited option in many cases for its vertical take-off and landing capacity, especially in any congested area, where a fixed-wing aircraft cannot perform. Rotor aerodynamic loading is the major reason behind helicopter vibration, therefore, determining the aerodynamic loadings are important. Coupling among aerodynamics and structural dynamics is involved in rotor blade design where the unsteady aerodynamic analysis is also imperative. In this study, a Bo 105 helicopter rotor blade is considered for computational aerodynamic analysis. A fluid-structure interaction model of the rotor blade with surrounding air is considered where the finite element model of the blade is coupled with the computational fluid dynamics model of the surrounding air. Aerodynamic coefficients, velocity profiles, and pressure profiles are analyzed from the fluid-structure interaction model. The resonance frequencies and mode shapes are also obtained by the computational method. A small-scale model of the rotor blade is manufactured, and experimental analysis of similar contemplation is conducted for the validation of the numerical results. Wind tunnel and vibration testing arrangements are used for the experimental validation of the aerodynamic and vibration characteristics by the small-scale rotor blade. The computational results show that the aerodynamic properties of the rotor blade vary with the change of angle of attack and natural frequency changes with mode number.
Towards Physically Rendered Environments ; CU-

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

We present an early vision of a system that allows computer controlled rendering of physical surfaces, terrains, and environments by manipulating grids of “physical pixels” or rods whose heights can be raised and lowered on command. A user would be free to walk within such a dynamically deformable physically rendered environment (PRE). The system would be able to create on demand the floor, ceiling and sides of the “Holodeck” in which the person resides, and vary the slipperiness of the surfaces to provide authentic tactile feedback in real time. Ideally, the system would support discreet relocation while a person walked to create the impression of infinite distance. Such a system could be combined with immersive graphic visualization and futuristic programmable matter to convey realistic impressions of a walking tour of a remote site, the experience of climbing a steep mountain, or navigation through a maze. The potential applications of this system range from entertainment to police and infantry training to education, and extend as far as the imagination allows. We propose mechanisms with which we believe that such a vision could be implemented with the technology of today. This paper is an early work intended to raise interest in this idea, as opposed to presenting a finished solution for achieving the vision of a Holodeck.
Blockchain and Smart Contract Application for Zakat Institution

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Blockchain is an open distributed database that carries out transactions on an open decentralized ledger. It is a technology that will probably be the source of a huge digital change especially in the financial sector. The application of this technology has started to take its first steps recently and its importance is undeniable in an emerging and expanding field such as Islamic finance. In this context, the purpose of this article is to study the integration of the blockchain and one of its important components, namely the smart contract in the management of the compulsory Islamic charity the zakat. To do this, we have developed a funding model linking all the stakeholders in question and the diversities of blockchain technology. We were thus able to conclude huge benefits and technical contributions in this context which encourages Islamic financial institutions to develop more models likely to support this technology without ignoring the compliance with the Islamic jurisprudence rules.
Optimization Model of Remanufacturing Reverse Logistics Network Based on the Impact of Green Environment Protection and Carbon Tax

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

With economic development, human development of resources intensifies, leading to natural resource tension and environmental problems. As an important part of the remanufacturing industry, the reverse logistics network has a significant impact on helping enterprises reduce the cost of each transportation link and reduce energy loss. This paper proposes a mixed-integer linear programming model based on the optimization of the existing remanufacturing reverse logistics network, with the aim of minimizing the sum of the investment in remanufacturing logistics sites, operating costs, and transportation costs in each link.
Preliminary study on methods to determine incubation period of Asterococcus muratae nymphae.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Real-time monitoring and phenological observation were used to determine the incubation period of Asterococcus muratae nymphae on Magnolia grandiflora in Shanghai.The results showed that both methods could effectively determine the incubation period,but phenological observation was more accurate,simpler and more convenient.The nymphae started to hatch when M.grandiflora leaf buds grew 3.0 cm long,and all the nymphae hatched when the leaf buds reached about 9.3 cm long and began leaf expansion.Control measures could be taken when the leaf buds grew 3.5 cm long to prevent the insect injury from occurrence.
Improved Winding Function Based Model for Analytical Estimation of Stray Load Loss in Traction Induction Machines

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The automotive industry's progressive adoption of electric vehicles (EVs), including small-scale EVs, in response to the traction electrification trend has created a surge in demand for high-performance electric motors. While induction machines (IMs) are viable options for small EVs due to their higher durability and lower cost, it is essential to address their predominant drawback of lower efficiency. Therefore, to ensure optimal performance of traction IMs, it is crucial to account for the typically overlooked yet critically important stray load loss caused by space and time harmonics introduced by pulsewidth modulation inverters in traction drive systems during their initial design stages. To meet the need for a computationally efficient stray load loss model, this article introduces an improved winding function based (IWFB) model that provides an analytical estimation of stray load loss in traction IMs. The proposed IWFB stray load loss model integrates considerations of space harmonics, time harmonics, dynamics of rotor magnetomotive force effects, and frequency-dependent magnetic characteristics of core materials to estimate the time variation of flux densities in predetermined core regions, enabling accurate estimation of the stray load loss in the inverter-fed IMs. The proposed IWFB stray load loss model is validated through experimentation using an 11-kW prototype traction IM, demonstrating an accuracy of 95.7% and an average computational time of 18.5 min.
A developmental psychology perspective on preschool science learning: Children's exploratory play, naïve theories, and causal learning

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

In wetenschaps- en technologieonderwijs voor jonge kinderen staat het onderzoekend spel centraal. Voor- en vroegschoolse educatieprogramma's benadrukken het belang van het leren van onderzoeksvaardigheden, en musea voor wetenschap en techniek beschouwen onderzoekend gedrag als onmisbaar tijdens tentoonstellingsbezoek. Tessa van Schijndel onderzocht het spelenderwijs leren van jonge kinderen, zowel in gecontroleerde en natuurlijke omgevingen, en werkte met science center NEMO aan het toepassen van de onderzoeksresultaten in de onderwijspraktijk. Ze bekeek onder meer het effect van begeleiding van volwassenen op het onderzoekend spel van kinderen in kinderdagverblijven en NEMO. Om het spel van peuters en kleuters in deze natuurlijke omgevingen te meten ontwikkelde ze de Exploratory Behavior Scale. Daarnaast onderzocht Van Schijndel de interactie tussen het onderzoekend spel van jonge kinderen en hun domeinspecifieke kennis. Ze bestudeerde de kennisontwikkeling van kinderen in verschillende domeinen in de biologie en natuurkunde. Zo keek ze naar de theorieën die kinderen hebben over schaduwgrootte en over prenatale ontwikkeling. Uit haar resultaten blijkt dat de voorkennis van kleuters hun spel beïnvloedt: kinderen die bewijs zagen dat conflicteerde met hun theorie lieten een ander spelpatroon zien dan kinderen die niet-conflicterend bewijs zagen. Ten slotte onderzocht Van Schijndel onder welke omstandigheden kinderen leren van hun spel. Ze toonde specifieke verbanden aan tussen de voorkennis en het leren van kleuters, en het patroon van onderzoekend spel en het leren van kleuters.
Implementasi Merdeka belajar Kampus Merdeka Melalui Pendampingan Orang dengan Gangguan Jiwa dalam Terapi Aktivitas Kelompok Membatik oleh Mahasiswa Korps Sukarela Palang Merah Indonesia

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Negative stigma in society about people with mental disorders (ODGJ) leads to discriminatory behavior. One of the efforts that can be made by students is to implement the Independent Learning Campus (MBKM) program And The Seven Principles Of The International Red Cross And Red Crescent Movement. The aim of the program is to implement the MBKM program and the principle values ​​of the international red cross and red crescent movement by empowering PLWHA. The activity method is carried out on partners, namely puskesmas nurses, village officials, health cadres and ODGJ. Activities carried out within one month. By going through 4 processes, namely assessment, village community meetings, revitalization of the Posyandu Jiwa and therapy for batik group activities, evaluation of follow-up plans. And the result is that there are problems with health services in the community and ODGJ batik activities still need help in doing it so there is a need for ODGJ assistance in activities towards micro, small and medium enterprises and in the MBKM program there is an implementation mechanism carried out by universities, students and partners. The conclusion is that the MBKM Program through batik group therapy activities for ODGJ is very effective and has an impact on partners, institutions, and students in the learning process of humanitarian projects.