jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Lexical Restructuring Hypothesis and Graph Theoretic Analyses of Networks Based on Random Lexicons

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Purpose The mental lexicon of words used for spoken word recognition has been modeled as a complex network or graph. Do the characteristics of that graph reflect processes involved in its growth (M. S. Vitevitch, 2008) or simply the phonetic overlap between similar-sounding words? Method Three pseudolexicons were generated by randomly selecting phonological segments from a fixed set. Each lexicon was then modeled as a graph, linking words differing by one segment. The properties of those graphs were compared with those of a graph based on real English words. Results The properties of the graphs built from the pseudolexicons matched the properties of the graph based on English words. Each graph consisted of a single large island and a number of smaller islands and hermits. The degree distribution of each graph was better fit by an exponential than by a power function. Each graph showed short path lengths, large clustering coefficients, and positive assortative mixing. Conclusion The results suggest that there is no need to appeal to processes of growth or language acquisition to explain the formal properties of the network structure of the mental lexicon. These properties emerged because the network was built based on the phonetic overlap of words.
Flexure Hinge Guided Motion Gripper with Force Sensor

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A piezoelectric gripper with force sensor is presented for an optical precision manipulation. The gripper utilizes flexure hinge mechanisms with two-step amplification to achieve output displacement. Micro displacement amplification principle of the gripper is analyzed and verified using finite element analysis (FEA) soft. A force sensor of resistance strain type with elastic plate structure of bi-cantilever is designed, which is fixed at the bottom of the gripper to detect force signals during the working process. The strain foils adopt a connecting method of full-bridge. According to theoretical analysis and FEA of the force sensor, bonding positions of the strain foils are determined. Experimental results indicate that the sensor has good linearity and little temperature drift and creep, and its resolution is less than 100mN. Micro-vision method is used to test the gripper, and maximum displacement is 302μm.
Wheat‐based biorefining strategy for fermentative production and chemical transformations of succinic acid

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract This contribution aims to provide an overview of various aspects of novel process strategies for biorefineries based on the production of succinic acid (SA) and its transformation into high added‐value derivatives. The focus is on recent developments of a wheat‐based biorefinery entailing upstream processing strategies to convert low cost raw materials into fermentable sugars as well as on key insights into the improvement of SA production (e.g. strain development, fermentation kinetics, and fermentation optimization). The incorporation of these processes in future biorefineries for the production of value‐added products and fuels will undoubtedly be an important contribution to the world's highest priority target of sustainable development. © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Sucrose‐Derived Functionalized Layer Carbon with Excellent Proton Conductive Properties

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Sucrose‐derived layered carbon materials hold promise for energy storage applications, but their synthesis is challenging due to sucrose's molecular structure and pyrolysis behavior. This work demonstrates the successful synthesis of layered carbon from sucrose using FeCl₃ as a catalyst. The resulting layered carbon was then functionalized via Hummer's oxidation and Fenton reaction methods to enhance proton conductivity. Characterization by SEM, FTIR, and XPS confirmed the layered structure and the presence of oxygenated functional groups after oxidation. Electrochemical measurements revealed significantly improved proton conductivity, with the Fenton‐modified layered carbon exhibiting the highest conductivity of 3.27 × 10 − 3 S cm − ¹ in the in‐plane direction at 90% relative humidity and 55 °C. These results suggest the potential of this sucrose‐derived, functionalized layered carbon material for use in advanced energy storage technologies.
Organization behavior control of spatial cluster-network integration of the oil and gas complex

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

The article presents, substantiates and tests the author's methodological tools based on a set of economic and mathematical models reflecting the processes of formation, development, state and organization behavior control of spatial cluster-network integration of the oil and gas complex. The object of the research is the interregional and intersectoral interactions of the oil and gas complex, considered by the example of the regions of the Volga Federal District of the Russian Federation. The authors understand spatial cluster-network integration as a production pool of mutually beneficial cooperative ties of autonomous business structures based on related interdependent types of economic activity and forming a common space of socio-economic interests regardless of industry and territorial affiliation. The organization behavior control of spatial cluster-network integration requires taking into account the interests of all interested stakeholders, which can be represented using the structural-functional model of the four-link spiral concept. This organization behavior control approach, based on the cluster-network nature of spatial integration, will strengthen territorial and sectoral relationships; a harmonized synthesis of disparate resource potentials will contribute to the rationalization of their use; form the competitive advantages of business structures, the region and the country as a whole.
Metabolite Analysis Allows Insight into the Differences in Functionality of 25 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Strains in Bread Dough Fermentation

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

During dough fermentation, yeast ( Saccharomyces cerevisiae ) changes the physical properties of the dough matrix. In this study, we investigate if different yeast strains have an impact on dough rheology and on the gas holding capacity of fermenting dough. Furthermore, we analyze whether observed differences are linked to the metabolite profiles of the yeast strains. More specifically, the impact of 25 yeast strains on dough spread, dough fermentation properties, and dough metabolite profile was analyzed. Our results demonstrate large differences in the fermentation ability and metabolite profile of the 25 strains. Analysis of metabolites in fermented dough confirmed that acetic acid and succinic acid are likely responsible for the lowering of dough pH during fermentation and that the onset of CO 2 release from dough is related to dough pH rather than to the volume of CO 2 within the dough. Our results further suggest that the spread test is an inadequate tool to quantify rheological differences observed for strains with different fermentation profiles.
Non‐Individualism, Rights, and Practical Reason

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract. The paper looks at an impasse with respect to the role of rights as reasons for action which afflicts contemporary legal and political debates. Adopting a meta‐ethical approach, it moves on to argue that the impasse arises from a philosophical confusion surrounding the role of rights as normative reasons. In dispelling the confusion, an account of reasons is put forward that attempts to capture their normativity by relating them to a reflexive public practice. Two key outcomes are identified as a result of this explication: first, that normative practices are instances of rule‐following; and second, that agents partaking of normative practices possess absolute value (i.e., acquire the status of persons). In light of this explication, rights acquire the status of the most general reasons that purport to guarantee the content of personhood by specifying and safeguarding conditions which enable agents to participate in public practices of universalisation.
The design of formative blended assessments in tertiary EFL programs

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Despite a rise of blended learning approaches in foreign language education programs, little research has examined how such integration of technologies in the classroom affects assessment designs. Any 'electric dreams' that technologies will improve learning remains unproven without clear assessment designs. In this paper, we undertake a qualitative study of formative blended assessments within an English language program at a major Saudi university. Data was gathered through observations, semi-structured interviews and Participatory Design (PD) sessions. Thematic analysis of the data resulted in four emergent themes: definitions, approaches, alignment and requirements. After setting out and discussing the four themes, we conclude our paper with suggestions for further research.
The study of outcomes for CAPD versus hemodialysis patients.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Differences in study design, study populations, sample size, data collection, and availability of data likely account in part for the differences in available study results. The Cox model is a valuable tool, particularly for observational studies. Observed outcome differences for CAPD and hemodialysis patients may be due to either the dialytic modality itself or other factors such as differences in patient selection, practice patterns, dialysis dose, patient compliance, etc. Relative mortality rates for hemodialysis and CAPD patients may vary by country, as these factors may differ internationally. A randomized clinical trial is necessary to best determine the effect of the modality itself.
In vitro organogenesis and growth of Ocimum basilicum ‘Genovese’ (basil) cultivated with growth regulators

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Genovese basil is a medicinal plant broadly used in medicine, perfumery, and cooking. In this study, the in vitro organogenesis and growth of Genovese basil seedlings are evaluated through the effect of growth regulators applied in different doses. Eight treatments were performed combining different concentrations of auxins and cytokinins, plus one control. At the end of the trial, growth characteristics of the seedlings were measured, and anatomical sections of the leaves and stems of the basil were prepared. The results demonstrated the need for cytokinins to increase the number and length of shoots and the length of roots. The treatment with 0.2 mgL-1 benzyl aminopurine (BAP) mgL-1 demonstrated the best result. The combined action of auxins and cytokinins increased fresh and dry masses of roots (0.3 mgL-1 BAP + 0.6 mgL-1naphthaleneacetic acid [NAA]). Partial changes in the leaf architecture as well as a reduction in the thickness of the palisade and lacunar parenchyma were observed, especially in treatment T8 (0.4 mgL-1 BAP+ 0.2 mgL-1NAA). In addition, all treatments with regulators presented adventitious roots in the stem, originating from inner-stem cells or vascular tissues. The formation of callus at the base of the plants and the occurrence of abnormal seedlings indicate that Genovese basil was responsive to the action of the growth regulators, although other factors regarding the medium could influence such responses. The growth regulators also function in the expression of genes linked to the stretching process (auxins) and cell proliferation (cytokinin).
Financial Intelligence in Prediction of Firm's Creditworthiness Risk: Evidence from Support Vector Machine Approach

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper seeks to explore the usefulness of financial indicators in measuring the financial health of companies and how to use these relevant attributes to design intelligent financial solution provided to investors and financial institutions to predict financial crashes. Such indicators are of the utmost importance since financial risks have significantly increased in the context of the current global financial crisis. Given that a company forms a micro financial system, its good financial health contributes to building a powerful economic engine; therefore, we have selected a sample of 20 firms over 3 years (2009-2011) whose 39 financial indicators are provided, and we have used Principal Factor Analysis (PFA) approach to reduce the dimension of the input matrix to 8 factors that impact on the firms' financial health, in order to set up our Support Vector Machine (SVM) Model through which we can predict firms' creditworthiness risk.
The Availability of Program Descriptions among Programs for Seriously Emotionally Disturbed Students

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article addresses the value of program descriptions for the field of serious emotional disturbance/behavioral disorders and presents data collected on the availability of written programs for this population of students. The development and field testing of instrumentation used to collect these and other data on the characteristics of district-wide programs for seriously emotionally disturbed children and youth are described. The availability of program descriptions was assessed in eight areas: philosophy, student needs and identification procedures, student and program goals, instructional methods and curriculum, community involvement, program design and operation, exit procedures, and evaluation. Findings indicated that relatively few comprehensive program descriptions are available to program planners and developers in the field of behavioral disorders, leading to a conclusion similar to one drawn by other writers with regard to the availability of program descriptions in the professional literature — while many high quality programs are likely to exist in the field they have not been adequately described on paper.
Microstructure Evolution and Performance Improvement of Hypereutectic Al–Mg2Si Metallic Composite with Ca or Sb

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

In this article, the modification effects on Al–Mg2Si before and after heat treatment were investigated with Ca, Sb, and (Ca + Sb). In comparison with single Ca or Sb, the samples with composition modifiers (Ca + Sb) had the optimal microstructure. The sample with a molar ratio for Ca-to-Sb of 1:1 obtained relatively higher properties, for which the Brinell hardness values before and after heat treatment were remarkably increased by 31.74% and 28.93% in comparison with bare alloy. According to differential scanning calorimetry analysis (DSC), it was found that the nucleation behavior of the primary Mg2Si phase could be significantly improved by using chemical modifiers. Some white particles were found to be embedded in the center of Mg2Si phases, which were deduced to be Ca5Sb3 through X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field-emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) analyses. Furthermore, Ca5Sb3 articles possess a rather low mismatch degree with Mg2Si particles based on Phase Transformation Crystallography Lab software (PTCLab) calculation, meaning that the efficient nucleation capability of Ca5Sb3 for Mg2Si particles could be estimated.
SIMULTANEOUS METHOD FOR THE ESTIMATION OF BEDAQUILINE AND DELAMANID IN HUMAN PLASMA USING HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Objective: A specific, simple and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the estimation of Bedaquiline (BDQ) and Delamanid (DLM) in human plasma was developed. Methods: The method involved deproteinization and further extracted the analyte using Solid Phase Extraction (SPE) cartridge and analysed using C18 column with the wavelength set at 231 nm. The isocratic mobile phase consisted of 10 mmol ammonium acetate buffer containing 0.25% acetic acid and 0.02% trifluoroacetic acid and acetonitrile in the ratio of 20:80(v/v). The validation parameters were evaluated. The method was applied to estimate plasma BDQ and DLM collected from five MDR-TB patients. Results: Well resolved peaks of BDQ and DLM at retention times of 5.4 and 2.6 min were obtained respectively. The calibration curve was linear over a range of 0.01–10.0 µg/ml for both BDQ and DLM. The intra-and inter-day relative standard deviations for standards were below 10%. The recoveries for BDQ ranged from 101% to 107% and 98% to 107 % for DLM respectively. Conclusion: A specific and sensitive method for simultaneous determination of BDQ and DLM in plasma using high-performance liquid chromatography was developed. This method can be used in clinical studies to evaluate drug exposure.
Medication safety in neonatal care: a review of medication errors among neonates

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objective: The objective of this study was to describe the medication errors in hospitalized patients, comparing those in neonates with medication errors across the age spectrum. Method: In tier 1, PubMed, Embase and Google Scholar were searched, using selected MeSH terms relating to hospitalized paediatric, adult and elderly populations. Tier 2 involved a search of the same electronic databases for literature relating to hospitalized neonatal patients. Results: A total of 58 articles were reviewed. Medication errors were well documented in each patient group. Overall, prescribing and administration errors were most commonly identified across each population, and mostly related to errors in dosing. Errors due to patient misidentification and overdosing were particularly prevalent in neonates, with 47% of administration errors involving at least tenfold overdoses. Unique errors were identified in elderly patients, comprising duplication of therapy and unnecessary prescribing of medicines. Overall, the medicines most frequently identified with error across each patient group included: heparin, antibiotics, insulin, morphine and parenteral nutrition. While neonatal patients experience the same types of medication errors as other hospitalized patients, the medication-use process within this group is more complex and has greater consequences resulting from error. Suggested strategies to help overcome medication error most commonly involved the integration of a clinical pharmacist into the treating team. Conclusion: This review highlights that each step of the medication-use process is prone to error across the age spectrum. Further research is required to develop targeted strategies relevant to specific patient groups that integrate key pharmacy services into wards.
Computing Ethics: A Multicultural Approach

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This textbook emphasizes a diversity of values from different cultures, religions, and geographical locations. The book is designed to assist students, computing professionals, and faculty members to act in a more professional and ethical manner. Compelling case studies, ethical reasoning, and cultural perspectives will be included throughout the book, and the authors will apply lessons learned over many years of intense involvement in computing ethics. The text is appropriate either as a main text in a stand-alone ethics course or as a supplementary text for other related courses.
Changes in rabbit jaw-muscle activity parameters in response to reduced masticatory load

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

SUMMARY Mechanical food properties influence the neuromuscular activity of jaw-closing muscles during mastication. It is, however, unknown how the activity profiles of the jaw muscles are influenced by long-term alterations in masticatory load. In order to elucidate the effect of reduced masticatory load on the daily habitual activity profiles of three functionally different jaw muscles, the electromyograms of the masseter, temporalis and digastric muscles were recorded telemetrically in 16 male rabbits between seven and 20 weeks of age. Starting at eight weeks of age the experimental animals were fed significantly softer pellets than the control animals. Daily muscle activity was quantified by the relative duration of muscle use (duty time), burst number and burst length in relation to multiple activity levels. The daily duty time and burst number of the masseter muscle were significantly lower in the experimental group than in the control group at 5% and 10% of the maximum activity during the two weeks following the change in food hardness. By contrast, altered food hardness did not significantly influence the activity characteristics of the temporalis and digastric muscles. The findings suggest that a reduction in masticatory load decreases the neuromuscular activity of the jaw-closing muscles that are primarily responsible for force generation during mastication. This decrease is most pronounced in the weeks immediately following the change in food hardness and is limited to the activity levels that reflect muscle contractions during chewing. These findings support the conclusion that the masticatory system manifests few diet-specific long-term changes in the activity profiles of jaw muscles.
Human Centric IoT Lighting Control based on Personalized Biological Clock Estimations

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Smart Buildings with connected lighting and sensors have become one of the first large-scale applications of the Internet of Things. However, existing efforts to make buildings smarter focus mainly on energy conservation and cutting costs. In this paper, we further address the beneficial effects of light upon humans. People nowadays spend more than 90% indoors and as such the indoor environment becomes paramount for people's health and wellbeing. We present a Human Centric Lighting solution that supports human health through the estimation of the biological effects of light. It exploits the possibility that IoT offers to monitor humans and their experience and to control internet-connected lights. Despite the existence of well-established and extensively tested models of the circadian mechanism, benefits of those models are not yet harvested in practical applications. We envision an application that controls the lighting system based on a suitable model that predicts the human response to light. Our work confirms that the statistical signal processing approach of a Particle Filter can account for sensor and model uncertainties. We show how the response of the biological clock to light depends largely on individual characteristics, such as the intrinsic characteristic duration of the day, and therefore we include such person characterization into our system design.
The Einstein field equation in terms of the Schrödinger equation

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The Einstein field equation (EFE) can be directly linked to the Schrödinger equation (SE) by meditation of the quantity of quantum information and its units: qubits
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One qubit is an “atom” both of Hilbert space and Minkovski space underlying correspondingly quantum mechanics and special relativity
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Pseudo-Riemannian space of general relativity being “deformed” Minkowski space therefore consists of “deformed” qubits directly referring to the eventual “deformation” of Hilbert space