jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Cycling but not walking to work or study is associated with physical fitness, body composition and clustered cardiometabolic risk in young men

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction Active commuting is an inexpensive and accessible form of physical activity and may be beneficial to health. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of active commuting and its subcomponents, cycling and walking, with cardiometabolic risk factors, physical fitness and body composition in young men. Methods Participants were 776 Finnish young (26±7 years), healthy adult men. Active commuting was measured with self-report. Waist circumference was measured and body mass index (BMI) calculated. Aerobic fitness was measured with bicycle ergometer and muscular fitness with maximal leg and bench press, sit-ups, push-ups and standing long jump. Cardiometabolic risk factors were analysed from blood samples and selected variables (glucose, insulin, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, as well as systolic and diastolic blood pressure) were further converted to z-score to form clustered cardiometabolic risk. Results A total of 24% used active commuting consisting of 10% of walkers and 14% of cyclists. After adjustments for age, smoking, time of year, leisure-time and occupational physical activities, cycling was inversely associated with the clustered cardiometabolic risk (β=−0.11, 95% CI −0.22 to −0.01), while walking was not (β=−0.04, 95% CI −0.16 to 0.08). However, further adjustment for waist circumference attenuated the associations to non-significant. Moreover, cycling but not walking was inversely associated with BMI, waist circumference and maximal strength, while a positive association was observed with aerobic fitness (p<0.05). Conclusion This study shows that cycling to work or study has beneficial associations to clustered cardiometabolic risk, body composition and aerobic fitness in young, healthy adult men.
A patient with connective tissue dysplasia at a cosmetologist's appointment: features of diagnosis and management

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Patients with various manifestations of involutional skin changes often come to an appointment with a cosmetologist and a dermatologist. Among such patients, a group can be distinguished who have premature aging, or rather more pronounced signs of facial aging, in comparison with their peers. Сonnective tissue dysplasia are often found in this group of patients. An example of a patient with connective tissue dysplasia, with multiple organ disorders, with skin manifestations of dysplasia is presented. Tactics of managing such patients, diagnostic features and possible errors in the management of patients with connective tissue dysplasia are analyzed. Particular attention should be paid to the joint management of such patients with doctors of other specialties, respectively, the organ systems involved and recommendations for patients with connective tissue dysplasia regarding lifestyle.
Research on recovering early aspects in aspect-oriented software reserve engineering

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The framework of aspect-oriented software reverse engineering is proposed for the solution of comprehension and evolution problems of crosscutting properties in legacy system. Based on it, an approach of use-cases driven formal concept analysis is discussed. The goal of this approach is recovering system's crosscutting concerns on requirements level. With the approach, execution profiles of legacy system are analyzed using concept lattices and the invoked computational units that traverse system's use-case models can be identified. Finally, they can be abstracted into early-aspects for re-engineering of the legacy systems with AOSD (Aspect-Oriented Software Development). Compared with existing aspect-mining techniques, which are mainly applied for refactoring legacy system's program source codes, this given approach is more effective when it is used for comprehending and evolving legacy system on higher abstract level. The results of case study show that quite a few crosscutting properties of legacy system can be recovered at requirements level with the introduced domain knowledge.
Women on the Third Crusade

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Historians remain undecided over whether or not women actually took up arms during crusading expeditions. Opinions vary widely, from denying that women could ever be true crucesignati to concluding that they took an active role in the fighting, This study focuses on the Third Crusade, for which the chronicle evidence is particularly full. Some of the narrative accounts of the crusade never mention women or even deny that they took part, while others describe their assisting crusaders in constructing siege works or performing menial tasks. The Muslim sources for the Third Crusade, however, depict Christian women taking part in the fighting, armed as knights. The study discusses the reasons behind these divergent depictions of women in the Third Crusade. It examines the evidence for women taking an active part in military activity in Europe, and concludes that women could certainly have taken an active military role in the Third Crusade. Yet, as the European sources are silent on the subject, it is unlikely that women did play a significant military role, although it is possible that some fought in particularly desperate battles.
What Preservice Physical Education Teachers See in an Unguided Field Experience: A Follow-Up Study

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study is a follow up to one conducted in 1982 (Bell, Barrett, & Allison, 1985) and examines what a group of eight preservice physical education majors reported seeing in a 15-min games lesson with fifth-grade students at the end of their professional preparation. As in the previous study, an analytic inductive strategy was employed to categorize the data at two levels of specificity. Results indicated that as individuals the preservice teachers recorded statements about the teacher, the students, and the lesson in combination, whereas in the 1982 study, they recorded statements about the students only or the students and the teacher. Level 2 analysis showed 66.1% of the reported statements were about the movement response of the children. This was in sharp contrast to the earlier study in which the preservice teachers made only 10% such statements. The percentage of statements recorded for the subcategory teaching techniques was fairly consistent across the two studies: 21.9% in the current study and 25.9% in the earlier one. Relatively few statements were made in any of the other categories. Preservice teachers at the end of their professional preparation report more observations (224 in contrast with 89), but questions remain why the observations exclude statements about the personal characteristics of students, classroom climate, and lesson elements.
Renal expression and urinary excretion of aquaporin-2 in postobstructive uropathy in rats

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This work assessed the time course of water renal management together with aquaporin-2 (AQP2) kidney expression and urinary AQP2 levels (AQP2u) in obstructive nephropathy. Adult male Wistar rats were monitored after 1, 2, and 7 days of bilateral ureteral release (bilateral ureteral obstruction (BUO); BUO-1, BUO-2 and BUO-7). Renal water handling was evaluated using conventional clearance techniques. AQP2 levels were assessed by immunoblotting and immunohistochemical techniques. AQP2 expression in apical membranes was downregulated in BUO-1 rats and upregulated both in BUO-2 and BUO-7 animals. AQP2 protein expression in whole cell lysate fraction from kidney cortex and medulla were significantly decreased in all the experimental groups. Concomitantly, mRNA levels of AQP2 decreased in renal medulla of all groups and in renal cortex from BUO-1; however, in renal cortex from BUO-2 and BUO-7 a recovery and an increase in the level of AQP2 mRNA were, respectively, observed. BUO-7 group showed a significant increase in AQP2u. The alterations observed in apical membranes AQP2 expression could explain, at least in part, the evolution time of water kidney management in the postobstructive phase of BUO. Additionally, the AQP2u increase after 7 days of ureteral release may be postulated as a biomarker of improvement in the kidney function.
Music and Religious Change among Progressive Jews in London

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This book analyses religion and change in relation to music within the context of contemporary progressive Judaism. It argues that music plays a central role as a driving force for religious change, comprising several elements seen as central to contemporary religiosity in general: participation, embodiment, experience, emotions and creativity. Focusing on the progressive Anglo-Jewish milieu today, the study investigates how responses to these processes of change are negotiated individually and collectively and what role is allotted to music in this context. Building on ethnographic research conducted at Leo Baeck College in London (2014–2016), it maps how theologically unsystematic life-views take form through everyday musical practices related to institutional religion, identifying three theoretically relevant processes at work: the reflexive turn, the turn within and the turn to tradition.
Business Partnering in Risk Management: A Resilience Perspective on Management Accountants' Responses to a Role Change*

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

ABSTRACT This study uses a resilience perspective to examine the opportunities and challenges that management accountants may experience when they are given a role as a business partner in risk management. Drawing on insights from an in‐depth case study in a large European bank, our study sheds light on management accountants' responses to a change from a compliance‐oriented role to a business partner role. In the bank studied, part of the management accountants' new role was to balance various performance objectives and thereby to incorporate risk considerations in managerial decision‐making. Our findings suggest that this role challenged the management accountants due to the ambiguity inherent in the role and also due to unfavorable conditions that surrounded the role change. We find that these circumstances culminated in a move backward, with the management accountants falling back on practices that were consistent with the values and beliefs they had developed in their previous role. In doing so, they emphasized what the resilience literature labels “well‐learned responses.” These responses contributed to an emphasis on a narrow risk management approach and had implications for the management accountants' long‐term position within the organization. We discuss these findings against the background of previous research that suggests that management accountants move forward to the business partner role by engaging in job crafting (i.e., adapting their work) or identity work (i.e., redefining their role identity). By utilizing the concepts of lingering identities and identity asymmetries to explain the management accountants' move backward, we also shed light on new facets related to role identity.
Development of a model for the estimation of indirect tensile strength of RAP speciments using machine learning methods

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A model for prediction of Indirect Tensile Strength (ITS) of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) specimens is developed in this study using Machine Learning (ML) technique. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used to transform grading curves of RAP and obtain reduced amount of data for further analysis. Different Multivariate Polynomial Regression (MPR) models were developed considering properties of RAP (aged binder content and its penetration, grading curves before and after extraction (black and white curves)), manufacturing process (preheating temperature) and properties of testing samples (air void content). Analysis showed that PCA can be adequately used to reduce the number of variables required to describe grading curves (74% of variance was described with first two principal components). Additionally, it was concluded that the simplest (Linear) MPR Model was the most precise overall - coefficient of the determination was 0.59, which can be considered as quite high for such a data set (more than 40 RAPs from different sources were analyzed).
Validity of patient-supplied medical history data comparing two medical questionnaires.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

In many European countries there has been a significant shift in the age structure of the population, resulting in a marked rise in the number of elderly, medically compromised patients. Early identification of possible medical risk factors is therefore increasingly gaining in importance in the treatment of dental patients. It was the aim of the present study to evaluate two different patient-administered questionnaires with a view to both the validity of medical history data supplied by the patients and the identification of a possible risk potential. A comprehensive form (A, specially designed for treatment under general anaesthesia, 50 questions) and a shorter form (B, for routine use in general dental practices, 37 questions) were randomly distributed to patients of two dental practices (n = 194). Data supplied by the patients were checked against those provided by the general practitioners and risk assessment was performed based on the American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) physical status classification system. A total of 161 medical history forms were evaluated (A: 81 test persons, B: 80 test persons). A close relationship was observed between increased age and higher ASA classification. The evaluation of the two history forms yielded an overall sensitivity of 80% for form A and of 61% for form B (specificity 96% and 98%, respectively). With both forms, agreement between the data supplied by the patients and by the dental practitioner was highest for ASA Grade I patients (A: 88%, B:02%). However, agreement between patient and general practitioner-supplied data was lower for ASA Grade III patients with both forms (A: 92%, B: 72%). Risk overestimation with form A occurred in 6 % and with form B in 5% of cases, while the medical risk was underestimated with form A in 5% and with form B in 11% of cases. Although results of the present study emphasise the need for meticulous and thorough history taking, neither the more concise form B nor the more comprehensive and detailed form A was able to exclude the occurrence of false-positive or false-negative answers. Particularly the lack of validity observed for patient-supplied data, which resulted in higher medical risk classifications despite the use of a comprehensive medical history questionnaire, mandates the improvement and possible reorientation of interdisciplinary co-operation between the dentist and the general practitioner.
“Does Oronasal Administration of Antiseptic Agents Affect on Viral Load in COVID 19 Orthodontic Patients?”: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Aim: Droplets and aerosols are the main source of transmission and rapid spread of COVID-19 worldwide. Topical mouthwashes and oronasal irrigation are recommended as ways of preventing airborne transmission to health care professionals. This meta-analysis aimed to assess the changes of COVID 19 viral load after administration of different mouthwashes.Methods: An electronic search was undertaken including the following databases: Medline/PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Embase. Search for grey literature, and hand search for relevant studies was also performed. The quality of included randomized clinical trials (RCTs) were assessed using the Cochrane Collaborations. Afterward, the relevant data from the included studies was extracted. Inverse-variance random-effects meta-analysis was performed to compare the effects of different types of mouthwashes on COVID viral presence.Results: After screening 1437 studies, 10 randomized clinical trials were finally selected. A total of 884 patients were assessed in these studies. The meta-analysis revealed the Cyclic Threshold (CT) values increased after the use of mouthwashes (MD=2.00, 95%CI= 0.51, 3.49, P<0.05). Considering the CT values are inversely correlated to the viral load, the result means the use of mouthwashes decreases the viral load in the saliva. This study also showed that increase of CT values was statistically significant for Povidone Iodine mouthwash (MD=4.08, 95%CI= 0.13, 8.02, P<0.05); however, Cetylpyridinium Chloride and Chlorhexidine Gluconate mouthwashes non-significantly (P value>0.05) reduced viral load in the saliva of patients with COVID 19.Conclusion: According to the result of this study, the use of mouthwashes reduces the viral load of saliva in patients with COVID 19. In addition to basic precautions for preventing the transmission of COVID 19, using mouthwashes may be a reasonable way to decrease the risk of disease transmission to medical staff.
Multimodal approach to postoperative pain control in patients undergoing rotator cuff repair

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Purpose This prospective study was undertaken to compare the effectiveness and safety of a multimodal pain control protocol with those of intravenous patient‐controlled analgesia in rotator cuff repair. Methods Seventy patients scheduled for rotator cuff repair were randomized to either a multimodal pain control group (group 1, 40 patients) or an intravenous patient‐controlled analgesia group (group 2, 30 patients). We compared these two groups with respect to level of pain before surgery to the fifth postoperative day, duration of postoperative rehabilitation, consumption of additional analgesics, and adverse effects. Results Mean visual analogue scale scores immediately after surgery (day 0) and on postoperative days 1–5 were 6.9, 5.5, 4.3, 3.3, 3.0, and 2.6 in group 1 and 7.8, 5.9, 4.4, 4.7, 4.3, and 3.7 in group 2. Pain relief was significantly better in group 1 on days 0, 3, 4, and 5 ( P = 0.026, 0.006, 0.010, and 0.009, respectively). Furthermore, functional recovery occurred earlier in group 1. No significant differences were observed between the two groups with respect to nausea, vomiting, urinary retention, and headache (n.s.), but group 1 was found to be significantly less likely to experience dizziness or urticaria ( P = 0.007, 0.017, respectively). One other significant difference was observed: 1 patient (2.5%) in group 1 and 6 patients (20%) in group 2 discontinued regimen because of medication‐related adverse effects ( P = 0.016). Conclusion The multimodal pain control protocol was found to offer more effective postoperative pain control with fewer adverse effects than intravenous patient‐controlled analgesia. However, achieving adequate pain control within the first 48 h of surgery remains challenging, and thus, the developments of more effective and safer multimodal pain control protocols are required.
Should we continue with a Physics curriculum for Engineering outside the labor context

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Aim: Taking as a particular case the curriculum design and redesign process of the physics for engineering program at a Mexican university, it intends a proposal based on a theoretical framework (Dipcing) this process. The redesign of the curriculum at this university is officially carry out taking into account the needs of the socio-economic environment; cutting-edge teaching and learning methodologies; however, the local process that is outlined and research made by international organizations indicate the contrary; because deficiencies in skills are reported, such as: solving complex problems. Materials and methods : The approach is qualitative with research-action design. Field research was carry out with focus groups and instruments were design for data collection . Results: From the analysis of the information by means of descriptive statistics and interpretation of texts; from documentation of the work system in the chemical plant, it is concluded that the process of design and redesign of physics curricula must be reconfigured, since the disconnection with the industry and the anachronism of the study program are evident. Conclusion: The process cannot continue be done in a free format without being base on a methodology, nor is the teacher's interest in participating sufficient; they must have training and knowledge in the field of curriculum design. Is essential that specialists in physics, chemical engineering, curriculum and, of course, companies, participate in the process together. Since, eventually, there is a risk of stagnating engineering careers, since; the students will not be training to insert them to the Fourth Industrial Revolution.
Population density gratings produced by a pair of nonharmonic unipolar rectangular attosecond pulses in a resonant medium

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Recently, the possibility of obtaining non-harmonic unipolar electromagnetic pulses with a specific electric field strength’s dependence on time (e.g. a rectangular pulse) has been actively discussed in optics. Unipolar pulses have a nonzero electric area and a wide spectrum: from zero frequency up to the visible region. This could open up wide application of such pulses, for example, for faster and more efficient control of the quantum systems’ properties with a high temporal resolution compared to conventional bipolar multicycle pulses. In this paper, based on an approximate solution of the time dependent Schrödinger equation and a numerical solution of the equation system for the density matrix, we show the possibility of creating electromagnetically induced population density gratings in an atomic medium using a pair of unipolar rectangular attosecond light pulses that do not overlap in the medium. The formation of such gratings can be explained on the basis of the concept of ‘interference’ of electric pulse areas, recently introduced into optics.
SH1872413.08FU

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.