jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
[A Case Report of Pancreatic Tail Carcinoma with Positive Periotoneal Washing Cytology with Recurrence-Free Survival after Surgery and Chemotherapy].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A woman in her 70s underwent distal pancreatectomy(D2 dissection)for a pancreatic tail carcinoma after a close examination of the cause of her poorly controlled diabetes mellitus. Intraoperative rapid peritoneal washing cytology showed no malignant findings, but histopathological examination revealed Ptb, TS2, tub2, pT3, ly1, v3, ne3, mpd0, pS0, pRP1, pOO0, pPCM0, pDPM0, pN0, pM0, pCY1, pStage ⅡA, R0(Pancreatic Cancer Treatment Protocol 7th Edition). The patient was treated with S-1 therapy for 6 months postoperatively and is alive 1 year and 9 months without recurrence. The prognosis after resection of pancreatic cancer with positive peritoneal washing cytology is said to be worse than that of patients with negative, because of the high recurrence rate of peritoneal metastasis. We report a case of pancreatic tail carcinoma with positive peritoneal washing cytology with recurrence-free survival after surgery and chemotherapy.
Pharmacokinetics of venom neural growth factor in the rabbit eye.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Objective To observe the pharmacokinetics of venom neural growth factor(v-NGF) in the vitreous at different time following subconjunctial and intravitreal injection. Methods v-NGF was labeled by 131 I and was injected into the subconjunctiva or into the vitreous cavity of the rabbits,then counts per minutes (CPM) of the vitreous were determined respectively at 1,3,6,12,24,48 hour after injection. Results It was showed that the concentration of the drug in vitreous was the hightest at 6 hr following subconjunctival injection and at 1 hr following intravitreal injection.v-NGF could get higher concentration in rabbit eyes by intravitreal injection and maintain longer time. Conclusion v-NGF can be well distributed in intraocular part following intravitreal injection.
Design and Synthesis of Indomethacin Analogues That Inhibit P-Glycoprotein and/or Multidrug Resistant Protein without Cox Inhibitory Activity

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

We designed and synthesized conformationally restricted analogues and regioisomers of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug indomethacin. Evaluation of the inhibitory effects of these compounds on COX, P-glycoprotein, and multidrug resistance indicated that NSAIDS modulation of multidrug-resistant P-glycoprotein and multidrug-resistant protein-1 is not associated with COX-1 and COX-2 inhibitory activities.
Digital copy of the thermally stratified water tank of St. Petersburg Branch of Shirshov Institute of Oceanology of Russian Academy of Sciences

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper focuses on the development of a digital model for a large thermally stratified water tank intended for hydro-physical studies. The model construction incorporates modern advances in computational hydrodynamics and high-performance computing to optimize and partially replace costly physical experiments. The precise establishment and maintenance of thermal stratification within the tank are achieved through fine-tuning the operation of heating/cooling systems, based on the use of the developed digital model. The digital copy is primarily viewed as a supplementary tool aimed at optimizing serial experiments. Simultaneously, the refinement of the numerical model through physical experimental data enables the extrapolation of laboratory-verified relationships to describe regimes characteristic of natural oceanic processes that are challenging to replicate in large-scale physical modeling. The digital copy serves as a constructive complement to the thermally stratified water tank, as it allows for a more efficient experimental methodology, achieving desired results while reducing both time and material costs.
The management of penetrating neck injuries.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In recent years, there has been a major increase in patients with penetrating injuries to the neck admitted to the Johannesburg Hospital. Pressure on resources led to increasing delays for surgery, and a policy of selective conservatism emerged. In common with other centers, mandatory exploration of all wounds that breach the platysma was found to be no longer necessary as it became clear that many penetrating wounds to the neck were best treated conservatively. A policy of blanket investigation of all nonoperated cases also matured toward selective investigation, directed by careful clinical examination. A retrospective study was made of all patients undergoing exploration for gunshot wounds or stabs to the neck at the Johannesburg Hospital Trauma Unit between 1994 and 1998. An overall mortality rate of 9% was mostly a reflection of severe, associated injuries. The evolution of the nonoperative management of cervical penetrating wounds is a good example of the validity of the concept of "selective conservatism." A distillation of the experience at a busy, urban trauma center is presented, with guidelines to manage these potentially lethal injuries.
Enhancing Speech De-Identification with LLM-Based Data Augmentation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper addresses the challenge of data scarcity in speech de-identification by introducing a novel, fully automated data augmentation method leveraging large language models. Our approach overcomes the limitations of human annotation, enabling the creation of extensive training datasets. To enhance de-identification performance, we compare pipeline and end-to-end models. While the pipeline approach sequentially applies speech recognition and named entity recognition, the end-to-end model jointly learns these tasks. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our data augmentation strategy and the superiority of the end-to-end model in improving PII detection accuracy and robustness.
ROBOTIC ELECTROMAGNETIC AND OPTICAL NAVIGATION PLATFORM FOR MINIMALLY INVASIVE SURGICAL INTERVENTIONS

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Early diagnosis in lung cancer often requires finding and biopsy peripheral nodules located in the parenchyma of the lung, outside the small airways. Because bronchoscopes are too wide to reach the small peripheral airways, the surgeon advances blindly a sharp biopsy needle from the bronchoscope into the lung tissue in the approximate direction of the lesion which comes with a high risk of misdiagnosis. To improve the accuracy of the biopsy procedure, real time X-ray (fluoroscopy) is implemented, exposing the patient and physician to harmful radiation. We have recently developed a prototype of robotic electromagnetic and optical navigation robotic (ENDORO) and computer (iMTECH) platform, which is affordable, easier to manipulate in the operating room and assists both diagnosis and surgical removal of malignant lesions. Once the pre-clinical and clinical feasibility is demonstrated, we plan to continue product development and clinical trials in a dedicated medical device facility.
The association between diabetes and obesity with Dengue infections

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Dengue, an arboviral disease is a global threat to public health as the number of Dengue cases increases through the decades and this trend is predicted to continue. Non-communicable diseases such as diabetes and obesity are also on an upward trend. Moreover, past clinical studies have shown comorbidities worsen the clinical manifestation of especially Severe Dengue. However, discussion regarding the underlying mechanisms regarding the association between these comorbidities and dengue are lacking. The hallmark of Severe Dengue is plasma leakage which is due to several factors including presence of pro-inflammatory cytokines and dysregulation of endothelial barrier protein expression. The key factors of diabetes affecting endothelial functions are Th1 skewed responses and junctional-related proteins expression. Additionally, obesity alters the lipid metabolism and immune response causing increased viral replication and inflammation. The similarity between diabetes and obesity individuals is in having chronic inflammation resulting in endothelial dysfunction. This review outlines the roles of diabetes and obesity in severe dengue and gives some insights into the plausible mechanisms of comorbidities in Severe Dengue.
Impact of Effectors on the Catalytic Activity of Galactonolactone Oxidase from Trypanosoma cruzi

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Objective: Galactonolactone oxidase from Trypanosoma cruzi is a membrane enzyme catalyzing the final step of the biosynthesis of vitamin C, an antioxidant essential for T. cruzi causing Chagas disease. So, galactonolactone oxidase can be considered as a promising drug target. This work devoted to investigation of impact of the effectors, 1,4-benzoquinone, coenzymes Q, and their structural analogs, on the activity of galactonolactone oxidase from Trypanosoma cruzi and of the model homologous enzyme L-galactono-1,4-lactone dehydrogenase from Arabidopsis thaliana. Methods: Recombinant expression of galactonolactone oxidase and L-galactono-1,4-lactone dehydrogenase was carried out in Escherichia coli and refolding of galactonolactone oxidase was performed using reverse micelles system. Spectrophotometric determination of the activity of both enzymes was carried out in a surfactant reverse micelles system using a combination of one of the potential effectors and 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol, a dye, which becomes colorless upon interaction with the product of reaction. Results and Discussion: Using two forms of L-galactono-1,4-lactone dehydrogenase, wild-type (dehydrogenase) and mutant (exhibiting oxidase activity), the role of 1,4-benzoquinone and its analogs as electron acceptors of galactono-1,4-lactone dehydrogenase and galactonolactone oxidase was revealed. It was established that compounds containing methoxy groups (coenzyme Q0, 2,6-dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone) are more effective electron acceptors for galactonolactone oxidase compared to those lacking OCH3 groups (2,5-dihydroxy-1,4benzoquinone). Conclusions: Basing on the use of 2,6-dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone as an electron acceptor, an approach was proposed to the spectrophotometric measurement of the galactonolactone oxidase activity by the changes in the absorption of the electron acceptor in the absence of additional components (a dye that becomes colorless when interacting with the reaction product, ascorbate). The results obtained enable more targeted search for inhibitors of galactonolactone oxidase, which may be regarded as a basis for the development of selective drugs against Chagas disease caused by T. cruzi.
The Estimation of the Amount of Water Erosion at Qalachwalan Basin by Gavrivolic Model

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Qalachwalan basin is important agricultural and it is one of the main water resources for Slemani city. The basin contains useful natural resources that are conducive to agricultural development. As the area is a hill country, Gavrilovic model was chosen to get the size and amount of water erosion to determine the erosion risks that the basin is facing. This research was conducted based on Gavrilovic (EPM) model using (RS & GIS) to determine the level, amount, and size of water erosion of Qalachwalan basin. We found out that, through the research, the slopes that are in the direction of the estuaries face water erosion much more due to the form of the basin in its creation, which has many slopes and little vegetation on the cliffs that are a main cause of the speedy runoff. Also, poor planning to confront or reduce the risks of flood which increases the erosions. The erosion estimated based on Gavrilovic model between very weak erosion at less than (100 m3/km2/year) and very strong erosion at (5000 – 20000 m3/km2/year). The basin generally lies in the circle of moderate water erosion at (1230 m3/km2/year). Therefore, for the secondary basins (e.g. Jogasur, Mawakan, and estuary) the erosion based on Gavrilovic model was high consecutively in this way (1720, 2584 and 4356 m3/km2/year). Our results very impotent for local government stockholders to establishment new dams in cliffs areas for agriculture and determine life cycle of these dams in this areas, and find new solution to reduce soil erosions in near future.
Influences on Maternal Attribution of Infant Intentionality

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

In the scholastic tradition, brought to psychology in the 19th century by Franz Brentano and to modern ears by John Searle and Daniel Dennett, intentionality is a term used to describe mental states that are directed at, or are about, objects and states of affairs in the world. Psychologists often contrast the relative influence of nature and nurture, but it would be ludicrous to deny the importance of the parent's role in the infant's psychological development. Tomasello extends the reasoning to suggest that when infants are treated as intentional, they come to understand that others are intentional agents, which in turn facilitates their acquisition of language. High intentionality scores were also assigned when the infant participates in a social game. From this informal categorization of clips, it would appear that a third cue for intentionality is perceptual vigilance. Some parents may hold an inappropriately overstated view of infant intentionality in which the infant must be punished for intentional misdemeanors.
Global warming promotes biological invasion of a honey bee pest

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Climate change and biological invasions are two major global environmental challenges. Both may interact, e.g. via altered impact and distribution of invasive alien species. Even though invasive species play a key role for compromising the health of honey bees, the impact of climate change on the severity of such species is still unknown. The small hive beetle (SHB, Aethina tumida , Murray) is a parasite of honey bee colonies. It is endemic to sub‐Saharan Africa and has established populations on all continents except Antarctica. Since SHBs pupate in soil, pupation performance is governed foremost by two abiotic factors, soil temperature and moisture, which will be affected by climate change. Here, we investigated SHB invasion risk globally under current and future climate scenarios. We modelled survival and development time during pupation (=pupal performance) in response to soil temperature and soil moisture using published and novel experimental data. Presence data on SHB distribution were used for model validation. We then linked the model with global soil data in order to classify areas (resolution: 10 arcmin; i.e. 18.6 km at the equator) as unsuitable, marginal and suitable for SHB pupation performance. Under the current climate, the results show that many areas globally yet uninvaded are actually suitable, suggesting considerable SHB invasion risk. Future scenarios of global warming project a vehement increase in climatic suitability for SHB and corresponding potential for invasion, especially in the temperate regions of the Northern hemisphere, thereby creating demand for enhanced and adapted mitigation and management. Our analysis shows, for the first time, effects of global warming on a honey bee pest and will help areas at risk to prepare adequately. In conclusion, this is a clear case for global warming promoting biological invasion of a pest species with severe potential to harm important pollinator species globally.
Fig. 10. Pax engediensis Levy, 1990 in New data on zodariid spiders (Arachnida, Araneae) in the Middle East and Eastern Mediterranean

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Fig. 10. Pax engediensis Levy, 1990, holotype, ♀ (HUJ 14216). A. Habitus, dorsal view. B. Habitus, ventral view. C. Intact epigyne, ventral view. Scale bars: A–B = 1 mm; C = 0.4 mm.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Leptin receptor signaling in POMC neurons is required for normal body weight homeostasis.

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Neuroanatomical and electrophysiological studies have shown that hypothalamic POMC neurons are targets of the adipostatic hormone leptin. However, the physiological relevance of leptin signaling in these neurons has not yet been directly tested. Here, using the Cre/loxP system, we critically test the functional importance of leptin action on POMC neurons by deleting leptin receptors specifically from these cells in mice. Mice lacking leptin signaling in POMC neurons are mildly obese, hyperleptinemic, and have altered expression of hypothalamic neuropeptides. In summary, leptin receptors on POMC neurons are required but not solely responsible for leptin's regulation of body weight homeostasis.Copyright 2004 Cell Press PMID: 15207242 Funding information This work was supported by: NIDDK NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: P01 DK56116 NIMH NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: MH61583 NIDDK NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: DK57621 NIDDK NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: DK53301 NIDDK NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: DK26687
Introduction

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This introduction presents an overview of the key concepts discussed in the subsequent chapters of this book. The book pivots on the sense that the idea of television itself was still being "entertained". It aims to speak to the more contemporary agenda of television studies in other ways, as the comparisons made with Reality TV or the talk show may suggest. The book examines how the concepts of both "public service" and the "popular" were interpreted by the BBC. It also examines how their relationship changed over time, moving across the early history of radio and television, up until the advent of Independent Television (ITV). The book explores The Grove Family, which has secured a certain visibility in British television history due to its status as "British television's first soap opera". It also explores television's relations with fame in the 1950s.
METABOLIC RESPONSE TO A SIMULATED 10KM WHEELCHAIR RACE IN HIGHLY TRAINED INDIVIDUALS WITH PARAPLEGIA

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

1839 Nine highly trained wheelchair track athletes with paraplegia (5 women, 4 men), mean age (± SD) 22.9 ± 4.6 yrs, weight 52.0 ± 7.9 kg completed assessment of max push speed and peak VO2 (lab visit 1) and a simulated 10 km time trial (lab visit 2). The peak VO2 assessment and 10 km time trial were both completed on an Eagle stationary free spinning roller using individual race chairs. Push speed and distance traveled were assessed with a calibrated Cateye Cyclo-computer. Peak VO2 was the highest VO2 observed during a progressive speed test (Stage 1 @ 60% max speed, speed increased 2% every 2 min to volitional exhaustion). VO2 and heart rate (HR) (Polar telemetry) were assessed continuously during the 10 km time trial. Peak values for VO2 (ml·kg−1·min−1), HR (beats·min−1), and push speed (km·hr−1) were: 43.3 ± 7.5, 194.3 ± 7.9, and 34.3 ± 4.2, respectively. The mean time and average speed for the 10km trial were 20.9 ± 2.5 min and 29.0 ± 3.4 km·hr−1 (83% max speed), respectively. The average VO2 and HR during the 10km trial were 35.5 ± 6.6 ml·kg−1·min−1 and 185.2 ± 9.3 beats·min−1, or approximately 79% of VO2 peak and 95% peak HR. Peak VO2 was significantly correlated with 10km trial time (r = −0.83, p < .01). These results indicate that trained individuals with paraplegia are able to sustain a high percentage of their maximal metabolic capacity during a 10 km trial. Peak VO2 assessed by a progressive speed test in a race wheelchair is highly associated 10km trial performance.
Maximum Likelihood Decoder for Index Coded PSK Modulation for Priority Ordered Receivers

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Index coded PSK modulation over an AWGN broadcast channel, for a given index coding problem (ICP) is studied. For a chosen index code and an arbitrary mapping (of broadcast vectors to PSK signal points), we have derived a decision rule for the maximum likelihood (ML) decoder. The message error performance of a receiver at high SNR is characterized by a parameter called PSK Index Coding Gain (PSK-ICG). The PSK-ICG of a receiver is determined by a metric called minimum inter-set distance. For a given ICP with an order of priority among the receivers, and a chosen $2^N$-PSK constellation we propose an algorithm to find (index code, mapping) pairs, each of which gives the best performance in terms of PSK-ICG of the receivers. No other pair of index code (of length $N$ with $2^N$ broadcast vectors) and mapping can give a better PSK-ICG for the highest priority receiver. Also, given that the highest priority receiver achieves its best performance, the next highest priority receiver achieves its maximum gain possible and so on in the specified order or priority.
Microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of high-boron steel with different ratios of boron and carbon

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Boron and carbon contents are the main factors influencing the properties of high-boron steel. In this study, experimental samples with different boron-to-carbon ratios (%B/%C) were prepared. The microstructures of the different samples were observed, and their hardness, bending strength, and impact toughness were investigated. Results show that the main microstructures in the investigated high-boron steel samples are the eutectic Fe2B structure with a fishbone shape and the ternary peritectic Fe3(C, B) structure with a chrysanthemum shape. When the boron content is 2.5wt.% and the carbon content is 0.43wt.% (i.e., %B/%C=5.82), the overall mechanical properties of the alloy are the best. The alloy’s hardness, bending strength and impact toughness reach their maximums, which are 67.3 HRC, 1,267.36 MPa and 6.19 J·cm-2, respectively. The optimized alloy is compared with conventional materials exhibiting excellent wear resistance (namely, high-manganese steel and high-chromium cast iron) through two-body and three-body abrasion tests. The wear resistance of this high-boron steelinvestigated in this work is found to be superior to those of the more common materials.
Science advice in New Zealand: Opportunities for development

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

What is the state of play for science advice to the government and Parliament? After almost ten years with a prime minister’s chief science advisor, are there lessons to be learnt? How can we continue to ensure that science advice is effective, balanced, transparent and rigorous, while at the same time balancing the need for discretion and confidentiality? In this article, we suggest that the hallmarks of good science – transparency and peer review – can be balanced against the need to provide confidential advice in an Aotearoa New Zealand context. To complement the advice to the prime minister, an expanded role for the Royal Society Te Apärangi would support public and parliamentary understanding of science and science issues relevant to policy.