jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Are Patients with Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis Undertreated? A Population-Based Study from Southern Italy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This study aimed to explore the pattern of use of different treatment lines in psoriasis (PsO) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) patients from Southern Italy. A retrospective cohort study was performed during the years 2010–2018 using data from the Caserta Local Health Unit (LHU) claims database. All of the PsO or PsA patients were identified. The proportion of PsO/PsA patients untreated or treated with ≥1 drug classes (i.e., non-disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (non-DMARDs), conventional synthetic DMARDs (csDMARDs), biological drugs (bDMARDs) or targeted synthetic small molecules (tsDMARDs)) was calculated in the years 2016–2018. Among the bDMARD users, the median times from the first registered PsO/PsA diagnosis/from the first csDMARD to the first bDMARD were calculated. Overall, 10,296 (1.1%) and 1724 (0.2%) PsO and PsA patients were identified. More than half of the PsO patients (N = 5301; 51.6%) and 15% of the PsA patients (N = 251) were not treated with any drug. A very low proportion of PsO patients (N = 121; 1.2%) received csDMARDs/bDMARDs dispensing. Instead, 538 (32.2%) PsA patients were treated with bDMARDs. The median times from the first diagnosis to the first bDMARD dispensing were 54.0 (Q1–Q3: 30.5–72.2) and 13.3 (Q1–Q3: 3.1–43.9) months in the PsO and PsA patients, respectively. The median time from the first csDMARD to the first bDMARD dispensing was shorter in the PsO [9.2 months (Q1–Q3: 5.5–30.0)] than in the PsA [14.5 months (Q1–Q3: 8.6–33.5)] patients. A potential undertreatment of PsO (much less for PsA) in an LHU from Southern Italy, with a particularly low use of more recently marketed drugs, such as biological ones, was shown.
Infarction of torsed lipomatous appendage of the falciform ligament

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A 46-year-old male presented with sudden onset of severe pain in the right upper quadrant. On abdominal examination, a well-defined point of focal tenderness and a subtle lump were evident. Abdominal x-ray, ultrasound and laboratory tests were unremarkable. An abdominal CT scan was then requested, showing fat stranding and a torsed appearance of a lipomatous appendage of the falciform ligament, compatible with infarction. The pathophysiology of this entity is similar to the more commonly seen omental infarction and epiploic appendagitis, encompassing the spectrum of intra-abdominal focal fat infarction that has recently been described.
Correlates of Loneliness and Social Isolation among Older Adults during the COVID-19 Outbreak: A Comprehensive Assessment from a National United States Sample

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study examined the correlates of loneliness and social isolation among older adults in the United States (U.S.) during the COVID-19 outbreak. We analyzed data from the 2020 National Health and Aging Trends Study, a nationally representative sample of 3257 U.S. older adults aged 65 years and older. We analyzed and identified the sociodemographic, health, social support, and community correlates of loneliness, higher loneliness during versus before the COVID-19 outbreak, and social isolation using weighted multiple logistic regression models. About 35.2% of U.S. older adults reported loneliness during the COVID-19 outbreak, 21.9% reported higher loneliness compared to before the COVID-19 outbreak, and 32.8% were socially isolated during the outbreak. Correlates for increased odds of loneliness included female gender, higher education, physical activity, depression, anxiety, functional limitations, and virtual communication access (only for higher loneliness during COVID-19 outbreak). Correlates for increased odds of social isolation included higher age, non-Hispanic Black, Hispanic, higher number of household children, and metropolitan residence. Our findings provide insights into evidence-based approaches to address social disconnection among U.S. older adults. The wide range of sociodemographic, health, social support, and community correlates identified in this study warrants multifaceted interventions that traverse individual, community, and societal levels to address the loneliness and social isolation epidemic.
Effect of modulating unfolded state structure on the folding kinetics of the villin headpiece subdomain

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Equilibrium Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and temperature-jump (T-jump) IR spectroscopic techniques were used to study the thermodynamics and kinetics of the unfolding and folding of the villin headpiece helical subdomain (HP36), a small three-helix protein. A double phenylalanine mutant (HP36 F47L, F51L) that destabilizes the hydrophobic core of this protein also was studied. The double mutant is less stable than wild type (WT) and has been shown to contain less residual secondary structure and tertiary contacts in its unfolded state. The relaxation kinetics after a T-jump perturbation were studied for both HP36 and HP36 F47L, F51L. Both proteins exhibited biphasic relaxation kinetics in response to a T-jump. The folding times for the WT (3.23 μs at 60.2°C) and double phenylalanine mutant (3.01 μs at 49.9°C) at the approximate midpoints of their thermal unfolding transitions were found to be similar. The folding time for the WT was determined to be 3.34 μs at 49.9°C, similar to the folding time of the double phenylalanine mutant at that temperature. The double phenylalanine mutant, however, unfolds faster with an unfolding time of 3.01 μs compared with 6.97 μs for the WT at 49.9°C.
Winter Habitat Selection by Milu in Shishou,Hubei

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Winter habitat selection by milu(Elaphurus davidianus) inside and outside the Hubei Shishou Milu National Nature Reserve was studied from November 2005 to February 2006.All together,195 quadrats were sampled,among them,111 quadrats(62 quadrats were used by milu) were sampled in the reserve and 84 quadrats(41 quadrats were used by milu) were in Sanheyuan outside the reserve.The habitat variables studied in this study included food richness,distance to water source,distance to forest edge,distance to road,vegetation type,distance to residential area.Through Chi-square statistical analysis,we found milu preferred open habitats with rich foods,which are close to water,farther away from human disturbance.Results of principal component analysis showed that the first 3 principal components explained 82.535% and 82.408% of the total variance among all habitat variables inside and outside the reserve components respectively.According to the absolute value of the coefficient,the 3 components were classified separately as food factor,disturbance factor,and water factor respectively.Excepted the factor of human disturbance,other habitat variables did not affect the sizes of milu herds in those habitats.It gives important reference for protecting and improving the habitat of milu in Shishou Hubei Province.
What drives plan implementation? Plans, planning agencies and developers

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article investigates the determinants of plan implementation by applying a recently-developed Plan Implementation Evaluation methodology. The lack of methodology to assess the implementation of plans has so far precluded any systematic analysis of the determinants of the implementation of local environmental plans. The article focuses on the implementation of plans in New Zealand. The key factors of implementation are: the quality of the plan; the capacity and commitment of land developers to implement plans; the capacity and commitment of the staff and leadership of planning agencies to implement plans; and the interactions between developers and the agency. The analysis is based on 353 permits implementing six local environmental plans in New Zealand, and on surveys of the developers who obtained the permits and of the planning agencies that granted the permits. The analysis finds that plan implementation is mainly driven by the resources of the planning agencies and by the quality of the plans, rather than by the characteristics of developers. Investments in plan writing and agency and staff capacity building thus improve the implementation of plans in the long-run.
If I Do Not Stop, What Will Happen to Them?

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

While extending the Exodus and Hebrew prophecy in his final speech “I’ve Been to the Mountaintop,” Martin Luther King Jr. also knits together Jewish and Christian themes by interpreting the Christian Bible. This chapter examines his use of passages that resonate in the Hebrew Bible and in two books of the Christian Bible—Luke and Acts. It looks at King’s use of two passages from Luke to reconstitute the relationship between Judaism and Christianity and to reframe Memphis, and then comments on his interpretation of the Parable of the Good Samaritan and his recollection of the stabbing that almost killed him in 1958. King’s account of this near-fatal stabbing, along with the wounded traveler in the parable and oppressed garbage workers in Memphis, informs and shapes his concluding words about his own possible death. The chapter concludes with a discussion of King’s construction of a biblical narrative that strongly emphasizes the body as a site of spiritual struggle and triumph.
Quota-share and stop-loss reinsurance combination based on Value-at-Risk (VaR) optimization

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Every insurance companies have a capacity limit related to the maximum claim that can be borne. Therefore, insurance companies need to reinsure risks to reinsurance companies. Besides of quota-share, types of reinsurance contracts that commonly used is stop-loss. The quota-share reinsurance premium is proportional based on the amount claim that is covered, but not safe against a large claim. While for stop-loss, the reinsurance premium is relatively large but safe for a large claim. So, this paper combines both types of reinsurance to cover the shortcomings with their respective strengths. After being combined, it is necessary to determine the optimal quota-share proportion and stop-loss retention. One criterion of determines optimal proportion and retention is based on Value-at-Risk (VaR) optimization. With the reinsurance premium as a constraint, this optimization problem is solved for each type of reinsurance combination, be it quota-share before stop-loss or stop-loss before quota-share. From each of these types combinations, the result is optimal quota-share proportion and stop-loss retention, so as produce a minimum VaR value from the borne risk by insurance companies. by comparing the results of VaR optimization of these combinations, stop-loss before quota-share is obtained resulting in a more minimum VaR value.
Failing successfully? Local referendums and ENGOs’ lawsuits as challenges to wind energy expansion in Germany

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Germany is implementing the “Energiewende” (energy transition): it has completed the phase-out of nuclear energy and plans to phase out coal-fired power generation by 2038 at the latest. The expansion of renewable energies is thus an imperative task and wind energy capacity must be increased significantly. However, wind energy expansion has slumped massively since 2018 and is only slowly catching up. Various reasons for this gap between necessity and reality are proposed, with citizens’ referendums on local decisions as well as lawsuits brought by Environmental Non-Governmental Organisations (ENGOs) against approval decisions being relevant obstacles. However, data on how these projects challenge wind energy expansion is lacking so far. The article addresses this gap and examines how, to what extent, and with what effect these procedures are used by opponents of wind energy projects. Focusing on Hesse as a state where both procedures are used comparatively often, the article takes stock conceptually and empirically of their role and impact, drawing on secondary literature and initial collections of descriptive primary data to look at how these procedures result in producing obstacles to local wind energy expansion. Findings from case studies suggest that both procedures may hinder wind energy expansion even if, in formally legal terms, they are not ultimately successful. From the perspective of local opponents of specific wind energy projects, this offers the possibility of “failing successfully”.
Protein identification using a nanoUHPLC-AP-MALDI MS/MS workflow with CID of multiply charged proteolytic peptides

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Liquid AP-MALDI can produce predominantly multiply charged ESI-like ions and stable durable analyte ion yields with samples allowing good shot-to-shot reproducibility and exhibiting self-healing properties during laser irradiation. In this study, LC-MALDI MS/MS workflows that utilize multiply charged ions are reported for the first time and compared with standard LC-ESI MS/MS for bottom-up proteomic analysis. The proposed method is compatible with trifluoroacetic acid as an LC ion pairing reagent and allows multiple MS/MS acquisitions of the LC-separated samples without substantial sample consumption. In addition, the method facilitates the storage of fully spotted MALDI target plates for months without significant sample degradation.
The Study on Learning Experience of Outstanding Students

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study was to understand the learning process of the outstanding students in the University of Technology. That was shared by the learning experience of outstanding students for learning strategies. These outstanding students from each department were invited to participate in the conversation, and had questionnaire survey of learning experience. The interview process allows students talk about their learning experience, to stimulate others to learn motivation and to become the object of benchmarking. The study indicated that not only lecture was the best learning of the outstanding students but also the way teachersâ€™ teaching in class will also affect students' learning outcomes. Therefore, it is suggested that the instructors should add more diverse, innovative elements and concrete modifications such as student community etc. in class management.
Combining Information from Multiple Data Sources to Assess Population Health

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Information about an extensive set of health conditions on a well-defined sample of subjects is essential for assessing population health, gauging the impact of various policies, modeling costs, and studying health disparities. Unfortunately, there is no single data source that provides accurate information about health conditions. We combine information from several administrative and survey data sets to obtain model-based dummy variables for 107 health conditions (diseases, preventive measures, and screening for diseases) for elderly (age 65 and older) subjects in the Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey (MCBS) over the fourteen-year period, 1999–2012. The MCBS has prevalence of diseases assessed based on Medicare claims and provides detailed information on all health conditions but is prone to underestimation bias. The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), on the other hand, collects self-reports and physical/laboratory measures only for a subset of the 107 health conditions. Neither source provides complete information, but we use them together to derive model-based corrected dummy variables in MCBS for the full range of existing health conditions using a missing data and measurement error model framework. We create multiply imputed dummy variables and use them to construct the prevalence rate and trend estimates. The broader goal, however, is to use these corrected or modeled dummy variables for a multitude of policy analysis, cost modeling, and analysis of other relationships either using them as predictors or as outcome variables.
Phytochemical Analysis of Phillyrea latifolia L., a New Source of Oleuropeoside

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

As a part of our studies on the biologically active substances from Spanish plants, we have undertaken an investigation of the chemical constituents of a typical mediterranean species, Phillyrea latifolia L. (Oleaceae). Two secoiridoid glycosides, three phenylpropanoid glycosides, one lignane and two triterpenic acids were isolated from the leaves of this species and identified. The phytochemical analysis of the aerial parts of P. latifolia revealed that it is a rich source of oleuropeoside.
The polymer melt swelling behavior in micro-extrusion process for preparation of continuous carbon fiber reinforced PP prepreg filament

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The micro-extrusion process for polymer melt has been increasingly used for the production of high value-added prepreg filaments with applications in the fields of fused deposition modeling (FDM). In this study, the effect of characteristic scale, defined as the gap of die land in an annular micro-extrusion die, on the extrudate swelling behaviour of viscoelastic melt is analyzed through numerical simulations and micro-extrusion experiments. The results show that the swelling behaviour displays an obvious dependence on the characteristic scale. An increase in the characteristic scale reduces the swell ratio and retards the process to reach the equilibrium state. In contrast, a decrease in the characteristic scale results in a larger magnitude of change in velocity field and faster relaxation development of stress field. The location of the maximum velocity layer for the laminar flow gradually deviates from the geometric center of channel toward the wall of mandrel with the increase in the characteristic scale. It is imperative to consider the complicated swelling behavior and remarkable viscoelastic effect simultaneously in micro-extrusion process.
Indigenous Ceremony and Traditional Knowledge: Exploring their use as models for healing the impacts of traumatic experiences

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Supervisory Committee Dr. Jeannine Carriere, UVIC School of Social Work Supervisor Yvonne Haist, M.Ed., Assistant Teaching Professor, UVIC School of Social Work Using Indigenous methodology and a story telling method this thesis is the result of research that looks at the benefits of traditional Indigenous ceremony and healing practices as a way to heal from traumatic experiences. A thematic analysis technique was employed to reveal four themes that emerged from the stories told by Indigenous Knowledge Keeper participants. The first theme is the importance of our connection to all living things including our own selves. Another is recognizing our greatest teachers nature and animals. Cleansing emerged at the center of all traditional healing strategies and the final theme encompasses all that we are as life on this planet spirit or energy. Trauma can be understood as any event that creates difficulty for the individual to cope whether the event that caused the experience was purposeful or accidental. While people do find amazing ways to cope with circumstances that are overwhelming, neurobiology tells us how trauma is processed and impacts the workings of the brain. Trauma in the nervous system can be understood as the result of a person or group or community’s inability to stay safe or to feel safe during the experiences. Indigenous people live with the ongoing effects of intergenerational trauma caused by colonization including the Indian Residential School experience, as well as ongoing systemic oppression. All traumas can activate the deeply held
Tunable Dirac Fermion Dynamics in Topological Insulators

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Three-dimensional topological insulators are characterized by insulating bulk state and metallic surface state involving Dirac fermions that behave as massless relativistic particles. These Dirac fermions are responsible for achieving a number of novel and exotic quantum phenomena in the topological insulators and for their potential applications in spintronics and quantum computations. It is thus essential to understand the electron dynamics of the Dirac fermions, i.e., how they interact with other electrons, phonons and disorders. Here we report super-high resolution angle-resolved photoemission studies on the Dirac fermion dynamics in the prototypical Bi2(Te,Se)3 topological insulators. We have directly revealed signatures of the electron-phonon coupling in these topological insulators and found that the electron-disorder interaction is the dominant factor in the scattering process. The Dirac fermion dynamics in Bi2(Te3-xSex) topological insulators can be tuned by varying the composition, x, or by controlling the charge carriers. Our findings provide crucial information in understanding the electron dynamics of the Dirac fermions in topological insulators and in engineering their surface state for fundamental studies and potential applications.
SH1829710.08FU

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.
Primary paraganglioma of the lung: A case report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Primary pulmonary paraganglioma is an uncommon neuroendocrine tumor of the lung, mostly discovered accidentally. We present the case of an 18-year-old female patient with multiple pulmonary nodules discovered accidentally during investigations of another presentation. This case report describes a low-grade, malignant primary pulmonary paraganglioma that presented specific characteristics upon computed tomography imaging. Egypt J Broncho 2014 8:64–65
Wanasema: Conversations with African Writers

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

There is a tendency to regard African literature as a homogenous product. Certainly it is true that African writers have created a vibrant, modern literature. Nevertheless, they come from specific societies and reflect vastly differing worlds. Wanasema attempts to show some of the many faces of African literature. Dramatists, poets and novelists speak in these pages. They write in French, English, Portuguese, Arabic and indigenous languages. Some are Christian; others are Muslim. A variety of subjects are discussed, including the status of women, history, religion, politics, dress and education. Taken together, the interviews in Wanasema suggest that Western students of Africa would do well to learn the languages of Africa. They suggest, too, taht there is a need to investigate further the relationship between Islamic North Africa and Sub-Saharan Africa, and finally, that oral literature continues to be a vast marketplace for scholars. This book should interest African Studies specialists, of course, but also those whose concerns include literature, history and contemporary events in the non-Western world generally.