jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Genetic and nutritional effects on lamb flavor

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Annual per capita consumption of lamb in the United States has declined throughout the last 40 yr to 0.32 kg on a retail weight basis. In a recent survey, consumers identified taste as one of the most important factors when purchasing meat products and ranked lamb last among other meats (beef, chicken, fish, pork, turkey, and veal) for taste and overall preference. Research has shown that meat flavor resides in the water-soluble fraction but that species-specific flavors are located in the lipid fraction of meat. In lamb, branched chain fatty acids of 8 to 10 carbons are believed to strongly contribute to its characteristic flavor. Oxidation products from long-chain unsaturated fatty acids also contribute to flavor intensity in lamb. Research has shown differences in flavor intensity due to breed or sire breed; however, the results have been inconsistent and depend on the type of sensory panel used to evaluate the product. Lamb from fine-wool breeds were reported to have a more intense flavor than coarse-wool breeds; whereas lamb from hair sheep was described as being more desirable for flavor intensity than coarse-wool breeds. Lamb flavor is also impacted by nutrition of the lambs before harvest. Research has shown that finishing lambs on pasture increases lamb flavor and off-flavors. Grain feeding alone or supplemented while on pasture typically produces lamb with more acceptable flavors than on pasture alone. However, the extent that flavor intensity is altered depends on the type of forage and grain consumed. Feeding protected lipid supplements to alter fatty acid composition can reduce mutton flavor but can increase off-flavors due to oxidation. Genetics and nutrition impact lamb flavor. However, more research is needed to determine ways to manipulate these factors to alter lamb flavor and to increase its consumption in the human diet.
Production of Methanol from Heat-stressed Pepper and Corn Leaf Disks

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

`Early Calwonder' pepper ( Capsicum annuum L.) and `Jubilee' corn ( Zea mays L.) leaf disks exposed to high temperature stress produced ethylene, ethane, methanol, acetaldehyde, and ethanol based on comparison of retention times during gas chromatography to authentic standards. Methanol, ethanol, and acetaldehyde were also identified by mass spectroscopy. Corn leaf disks produced lower levels of ethylene, ethane, and methanol, but more acetaldehyde and ethanol than pepper. Production of ethane, a by-product of lipid peroxidation, coincided with an increase in electrolyte leakage (EL) in pepper but not in corn. Compared with controls, pepper leaf disks infiltrated with linolenic acid evolved significantly greater amounts of ethane, acetaldehyde, and methanol and similar levels of ethanol. EL and volatile hydrocarbon production were not affected by fatty acid infiltration in corn. Infiltration of pepper leaves with buffers increasing in pH from 5.5 to 9.5 increased methanol production.
Abstract 5256: Identification of a Novel Epoxyeicosatrienoic Acid (EET) Receptor: EETs Function as Selective, Endogenous Thromboxane Receptor Antagonists

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Introduction: Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) are cytochrome P450 metabolites of arachidonic acid which elicit vasodilatory, anti-inflammatory and anti-thrombotic effects. Interestingly, however, the mechanism by which EETs function remains unclear and was therefore investigated in the present study. Since previous reports suggest EET mediated vasodilation is dependent on large-conductance Ca 2+ -activated K + (BK Ca ) and vanilloid transient receptor potential (TRPV4) channels, the ability of 14,15 EET to induce vasodilation was investigated in BK Ca and TRPV4 homozygous knockout mouse isolated aorta. Results: Contrasting previous reports, neither BK Ca nor TRPV4 gene deletion significantly altered the potency of 14,15 EET-induced reversal of tone established with the thromboxane receptor [TP] agonist U46619. Surprisingly, whereas 14,15 EET reversed U46619-contractile tone of rat isolated aorta (IC 50 1.2μM), the eicosanoid had no effect on either phenylephrine- or endothelin-1-contractile tone. The remaining three EET regioisomers (5,6 EET, 8,9 EET, 11,12 EET) acted similarly, suggesting EETs might function as TP antagonists. Consistent with competitive TP antagonism, 14,15 EET pretreatment (1–10μM) inhibited U46619-induced vasoconstriction in a concentration-dependent manner (pA 2 5.9). TP antagonism was observed in mouse and dog isolated arteries and rat tertiary bronchi, indicating that the effects are not specific to one species or tissue. Accordant with the functional potency at TP, 14,15 EET bound to recombinant human TP with a K i of 3.2μM. In contrast, 14,15 EET showed weaker affinities for other prostanoid receptors including DP, FP, EP 1–4 and IP (K i s 6.1, 5.3, 42.6, 19.7, 13.2, 20.2 and >25μM, respectively) and no appreciable affinity (K i s >10μM) for 51 “non-prostanoid” receptors/ion channels. Consistent with these data, 14,15 EET failed to inhibit (K b >10μM) “non-TP” prostanoid receptor mediated function in multiple cell/tissue-based assays. Conclusions: EETs function as novel “endogenous” G-protein-coupled receptor competitive antagonists, inducing vasodilation via direct TP inhibition. Such observations might help develop novel strategies targeting the EET pathway for treatment of cardiovascular disease.
ALTERED CENTRAL MOTOR DRIVE IN MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS 644

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system that may result in impaired central motor drive. This central impairment may be associated with both decreased maximal motor unit discharge rates and inadequate motor unit recruitment. To test the hypothesis that impaired central motor drive results in decreased “neuromuscular efficiency” (force/EMG) in MS, the relationship between voluntary muscle force and the integrated rectified surface EMG (EMG) was determined in 18 MS and 18 matched control (C) subjects during isometric dorsiflexion. Maximal voluntary force (MVC) was determined and then tibialis anterior EMG and force were recorded during successive voluntary isometric contractions incremented by 10% from 10% to 100% MVC. Contractions were separated by 1 minute of rest. Force and EMG data were expressed as a percent of maximum. Analysis was by rmANOVA and pairwise comparisons. MVC was 19% less in MS vs C (p<0.05), indicating modest weakness in MS. EMG was significantly increased at all force levels from 10%-70% MVC (pairwise, p<0.05; main effect, p=0.001) in MS compared to C, indicating that an increased central motor drive was necessary in MS to achieve the same relative contractile force. These results suggest that “neuromuscular efficiency” is reduced in MS, which may in turn contribute to the fatigue often experienced by this population.Figure
[Surgical treatment of an acute pancreatitis].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The results of surgical treatment of 107 patients with an acute pancreatitis for 1990-1998 period were analysed. The miniinvasive methods application, directed on the aseptic pancreatic necrosis transition to purulent pancreatitis prophylaxis and timely conduction of operative intervention for purulent pancreatitis, have permitted to lower postoperative mortality from 26 to 10.5%.
“A basic frame existed but was not followed” – Finnish public health system's response to COVID-19

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Crisis management Managing crises often requires diverging from predetermined plans. In this paper, we investigate how public health authorities in Finland acted, what kind of roles they adopted and how the expected roles and actions appeared in relation to the legislative framework and preparedness plans during the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on inter-country comparisons, Finland has managed COVID-19 pandemic relatively well. The study provides qualitative insights on pandemic governance in a decentralized multi-stakeholder public health system. Methods Semi-structured interviews (n = 53) with key public health actors at central, regional and local levels were conducted during March 2021-February 2022. The data was analysed with thematic analysis. Results The predetermined roles and duties for pandemic management were not unequivocal in practice and appeared unrealistic considering the resources of the public health system. Responsibility was divided between several actors, but lack of interaction enhanced emerging tensions between them. Local and regional actors experienced national steering intervening in operational decisions. At central level distrust towards the capabilities of local and regional actors was expressed. The pandemic was framed and managed as a health crisis despite of its wider societal effects. This challenged local and regional decision-making, where wider societal impacts had to be considered. Conclusions Public health authorities in Finland interpreted their roles and responsibilities in pandemic governance in various ways: some actors adopted more active agency than others and the roles were not always in line with the existing regulative framework. Key messages • Interpretation of the roles outlined in preparedness plans are context dependent and may lead to conflicts between different actors. • In a system with multiple actors at multiple levels, building trust and improving interaction are important for coordinated action.
Seeing dark matter via acceleration radiation

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Despite constituting a noteworthy $\sim 27\%$ share of the total energy budget of our Universe, dark matter (DM) has thus far eluded direct observations. Owing to its pervasive nature, there is a sincere expectation that astrophysical black holes (BHs) encompassed by DM should leave distinctive imprints on the gravitational waves arising from BH mergers. Theoretical models of DM present a diverse landscape of possibilities, with perfect fluid dark matter (PFDM) emerging as a recent and notably intriguing candidate model. In this work, utilizing the established quantum optical approach, we investigate the possibility of catching DM signatures via acceleration radiation emitted by a freely-falling detector (e.g. an atom) within a PFDM-surrounded Schwarzschild BH. The setup involves a Casimir-type apparatus where the detector interacts with the field, and this situation induces excitations in the detector in a manner consistent with Unruh effect. We observe that our DM candidate, while making classical contributions to spacetime geometry, has the potential to leave quantum imprints in the radiation flux. Notably, it is observed that, in comparison to a pure Schwarzschild BH, PFDM can markedly reduce particle emission as long as its density remains below a critical threshold, and vice versa. Given the lessons we have learnt from realizing cosmological phenomena in simulated laboratory conditions, there is a remote possibility that such study may perhaps provide insights (to whatever degree !) into the future table-top experiments in analogue gravity paradigm.
Oxygen Loaded Nanodroplets as a Theranostic for High Risk Pregnancies Using Multimodal Ultrasound and Photoacoustic Imaging

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text M. Escott, D. Lawrence, J. Cook, and C. Bayer, "Oxygen Loaded Nanodroplets as a Theranostic for High Risk Pregnancies Using Multimodal Ultrasound and Photoacoustic Imaging," in Biophotonics Congress: Optics in the Life Sciences Congress 2019 (BODA,BRAIN,NTM,OMA,OMP), OSA Technical Digest (Optica Publishing Group, 2019), paper OT1D.5. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
‘Safer, Not Safe’: Service Users' Experiences of Psychological Safety in Inpatient Mental Health Wards in the United Kingdom

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

ABSTRACT Research on patient safety in mental health settings is limited compared to physical healthcare settings. Recent qualitative studies have highlighted that patient safety is more than just physical safety but includes psychological safety. Traditionally, psychological safety has been defined as the belief that it is safe to take interpersonal risks, such as speaking up, without a fear of negative consequences. However, to date, it is not clear what constitutes psychological safety for service users of inpatient mental health settings. To understand this, we conducted 12 interviews with former inpatient mental health service users. Interviews were analysed with Reflexive Thematic Analysis, and five themes were developed. All themes had subthemes. Overall, we found that participants were more readily able to draw on situations where they felt psychologically unsafe, rather than safe. Psychological safety in service users was influenced by (1) healthcare staff attitudes and behaviours towards them, (2) their relationships with other service users, (3) whether they felt they had any control over their environment and medical decision‐making regarding their care, (4) their experiences of physically safety, feeling listened to and believed and (5) access to meaningful occupation on the wards. These findings suggest that changes are needed to enhance inpatient mental health service users' general experiences of psychological safety. Further research will need to (1) further develop understanding of the concept of psychological safety for service users and (2) identify interventions, and such interventions should be co‐designed with service users.
Linear optical elements based on cooperative subwavelength emitter arrays

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We describe applications of two-dimensional subwavelength quantum emitter arrays as efficient optical elements in the linear regime. For normally incident light, the cooperative optical response, stemming from emitter-emitter dipole exchanges, allows the control of the array’s transmission, its resonance frequency, and bandwidth. Operations on fully polarized incident light, such as generic linear and circular polarizers as well as phase retarders can be engineered and described in terms of Jones matrices. Our analytical approach and accompanying numerical simulations identify optimal regimes for such operations and reveal the importance of adjusting the array geometry and of the careful tuning of the external magnetic fields amplitude and direction.
Manichaeism in Mesopotamia and the Roman East. By Samuel N. C. Lieu. (Religions in the Graeco-Roman World, 118.) pp. xiv, 325. Leiden etc., E. J. Brill, 1994, US $85.75.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

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MultifocAL COntact Lenses for Myopia (MALCOLM) control in Australian children: a study protocol for a double-blind, contralateral eye, non-inferiority, randomised controlled clinical trial

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction Myopia is the most common refractive error worldwide, but each dioptre increase in myopia leads to an increased risk of degenerative eye disease and permanent vision impairment. Soft contact lens (CL) designs have been developed to slow myopia and potentially reduce long-term risk, but there is still a need for additional designs of varied materials and parameters to cater for diverse patient needs. The MultifocAL COntact Lenses for Myopia control study aims to compare the efficacy of the Acuvue Oasys for Presbyopia (AOP) CL against the Food and Drug Administration approved MiSight 1-Day multifocal CL in controlling progressive myopia in children using a non-inferiority contralateral eye design. Methods and analysis A double-blind, contralateral eye, non-inferiority, randomised, controlled clinical trial will be conducted at University of New South Wales Sydney, Australia (UNSW). Children (6 to 12 years of age, inclusive) will be randomised to wear AOP in their right or left eye, with the MiSight 1-Day CL fitted to the contralateral eye. The primary outcome is the difference in axial length and cycloplegic objective refraction change between the two CLs over 12 months. Additional outcomes include quality of life, pupillometry and adherence to treatment. To achieve a statistical power of 80% to demonstrate non-inferiority of the AOP to the MiSight 1-Day and taking into consideration a 20% discontinuation rate, the calculated sample size is 72. This trial started recruitment during the recent COVID-19 pandemic in January 2021. Ethics and dissemination Ethics approval has been obtained from the UNSW Human Research Ethics Committee (HC200052), and the study complies with the Declaration of Helsinki and the International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use Good Clinical Practice guidelines. The results of this trial will be disseminated in peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations. Trial registration number ACTRN12620000159954, CTN-00 282–1 v2, NCT06887920 .
CLINICAL FORMS OF PERIODONTAL DISEASE IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Although several studies have been reported a higher prevalence of periodontal disease in patients with diabetes, many of these researches must be carefully evaluated because different ways to define diabetes were used as well as various periodontal parameters. Objective: The study evaluated the prevalence and the severity of periodontal disease in diabetic patients according to the duration of the diabetes, type of treatment and the presence of complications. Methods: We conducted a prospective study on 78 patients admitted in CF Hospital Iasi, 48 diabetics and 3o nondiabetic, who received a dental evaluation. Results: Periodontal disease is more severe in diabetic patients and is frequently associated with other diabetic complication .Metabolic control is an important variable in the onset and progression of periodontal disease. Conclusion: Prevention and early diagnosis of periodontal disease in diabetic patients may be extremely important in order to prevent large and irreversible alveolar bone losses.
Theoretical and practical research on relationship between blast air condition and hearth activity in large blast furnace

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

From the results calculated by theoretical derivations, it was found that the characteristics of tuyere raceway determined by the operation condition for blast air played a critical effect on the heart activity. The speed and kinetic energy of blast air should be proportional to the volume of blast furnace (BF), and the comprehensive optimization of air volume and tuyere which should vary with the quality of raw materials was essential. The calculation methods of air volume ratio and coefficient for different BFs were put forward. Moreover, the details on hearth activity recovery of a 4747 m 3 blast furnace in China were elaborated. Based on the extensive experience in blast furnace production, the various phenomena used to judge air speed and kinetic energy whether reasonable were discussed. In summary, hearth activity was closely related to the characteristics of BF raceway and reasonable air speed and kinetic energy could effectively improve the activity.
Platform Ownership

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Lecture on the first SFB/TR 15 meeting, Gummersbach, July, 18 - 20, 2004We develop a general theoretical framework of trade on a platform on which buyers and sellers interact. The platform may be owned by a single large, or many small independent or vertically integrated intermediaries. We provide a positive and normative analysis of the impact of platform ownership structure on platform size. The strength of network effects is important in the ranking of ownership structures by induced platform size and welfare. While vertical integration may be welfare-enhancing if network effects are weak, monopoly platform ownership is socially preferred if they are strong. These are also the ownership structures likely to emerge.
Additional file 1 of Pharmacological modulation of TSPO in microglia/macrophages and neurons in a chronic neurodegenerative model of prion disease

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Additional file 1: Figure S1. Autoradiography comparison of [3H]PBR28 and [3H]PK11195 in ME7-prion mice and pharmacological attenuation by JNJ527. Figure S2. Example region of interest placement in autoradiography and immunohistochemical analyses. Examples of region of interest (ROI) placement in A) autoradiography analyses and B) immunohistochemical analyses. Placement of ROIs in the immunofluorescence analyses were in the same ROI for the dentate gyrus as shown in B. Table S1. Primary and secondary antibodies used for immunofluorescence. Table S2. Effect sizes for [3H]PK11195 and [3H]PBR28 autoradiography. Appendix S1. NIMA members during the sample collection and data analysis period for the BIODEP Study.
Medicare, Medicaid, and CLIA programs; extension of certain effective dates for clinical laboratory requirements under CLIA. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA), HHS. Final rule with comment period.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This final rule extends certain effective dates for clinical laboratory requirements in regulations published on February 28, 1992, that implemented provisions of the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments of 1988 (CLIA). This rule extends the phase-in date of the quality control requirements applicable to moderate and high complexity tests and extends the date by which an individual with a doctoral degree must possess board certification to qualify as a director of a laboratory that performs high complexity testing. These effective dates are extended to allow the Department to revise quality control requirements and establish the qualification requirements necessary for individuals with doctoral degrees to serve as directors of laboratories performing high complexity testing. These effective date extensions do not reduce the current requirements for quality test performance.
Revision of the Scheme for Extraction and Classification of Dyes from Polyacrylonitrile Fibres

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The simple sequential scheme for the extraction and classification of dyes from 1–2–cm lengths of polyacrylonitrile fibres reported by Beattie et al., J. S. D. C, 95 (1979) 295, is revised to avoid misclassification of some basic dyes.