jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Business plan Tilapia Pond Farming in the Zambezi Valley, Mozambique

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This business plan has been prepared for local entrepreneurs who would like to expand their business portfolio or to start a value chain business in the aquaculture sector in the Zambezi Valley, Mozambique.Freshwater aquaculture in Mozambique consists mainly of small-scale tilapia production in earthen ponds and has shown a considerable increase since 2005. However, it is felt that the production of small-scale fish farming is still far below its potential production level. Production of fish ponds is limited by scarcity of two essential inputs: (1) fish feeds to let the fish grow and (2) small fish to stock ponds. Also the lack of a well-organised sector and a lack of aquaculture heritage encumber fast development of the aquaculture sector. To investigate the feasibility of small-scale tilapia farming in Tete province, a business plan for the construction and exploitation of a family-sized fish pond of 500 m² was made.
Making of Family Set Yoghurt

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The basic methods of making family yogurt were discussed,and the factors affecting the quality of yogurt were analyzed,which included inoculum concentration,adding of sugar and fermentation temperature.It also studied the selection of a starter,discussed the change of fermenting power and the quality of yogurt after continuous culture.The results indicated that,when 7% starter and 5% sugar were added while brewing,good quality yoghurt could be expected.When the temperature was up to 30℃,yoghurt could be fermented in family.The fermenting power of a starter had little change after continuous brewing,while the quality of yogurt had declined accordingly.
HCV GENOTYPES AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH RESPONSE TO TREATMENT

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: primary Hepatitis C is a serious public health problem and is the cause of liver cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and numerous end-stage liver disease manifestations. The management of hepatitis C is to preclude liver cirrhosis, lessen the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma or hepatoma, and curing the extra hepatic diseases. Initially, interferon was the cornerstone for treating hepatitis C, but due to its cumbersome complications, route of administration, and limited treatment access, many patients showed noncompliance. New therapies for chronic hepatitis C have been introduced based on direct antiviral eﬀects. Several genotypes of hepatitis C have been discovered and they are responsive to diﬀerent antiviral therapies. Our objective was to assess the genotypic distribution of HCV in our local setup and their pattern of response to diﬀerent combination of anti-viral therapies by assessing the sustained viral response (SVR) after 12 weeks post-treatment. To determine the most prevalent genotype of hepatics C virus in our population and pattern of the response of multiple genotypes to diﬀerent antiviral regimens. METHODOLOGY: It is a cross-sectional study conducted for duration of six months and recruited those patients whose polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was found positive for hepatitis C virus at Islamabad Diagnostic Center. We analyzed 100 patients, both children and adults. Patients were assessed for diﬀerent genotypes and then diﬀerent combinations of antiviral treatments were administered. Their clinical data, hematological parameters and viral load before and after treatment were also analyzed. RESULTS: In a total of 100 positive hepatitis C virus-infected patients, 55% were females and 45% males. The frequencies of genotypes observed were 91 %, 06%, and 03% of genotype 3, 1a, and 1b respectively. 51 out of 91 patients with type 3 genotype, who were on antiviral therapy of sofosbuvir and ribavirin, all of them achieved SVR. 30 out of 91 patients with type 3 genotype were treated with sofosbuvir alone, the percentage of failure to achieve SVR in them was 6.7%. Treatment failure percentage of 10% was observed when a combination of Interferon (INF) alpha and ribavirin was used in type 3 genotype. Remaining six patients with type 1a and three patients of type 1b genotype achieved SVR with diﬀerent regimens used. CONCLUSION: Although the increased load of HCV in our setup is an alarming situation the prevalence of type 3 genotype is a blessing in disguise. The success of sustained viral response after various combinations of direct antiviral therapy and interferon-free treatment is hope for the ultimate cure of the disease and avoidance of debilitating side eﬀects related to interferon.
Inter-country inequality as a dynamic process and the problem of post-industrial development

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The phenomenon of economic growth is studied by economists and statisticians in various aspects for a long time. Economic theory is devoted to assessing factors of growth in the tradition of R. Solow, R. Barrow, W. Easterly and others. During the last quarter of the century, however, the institutionalists, namely D. North, D. Wallis, B. Weingast as well as D. Acemoglu and J. Robinson, have shown the complexity of the problem of development on the part of socioeconomic and political institutions. As a result, solving the problem of how economic growth affects inequality between countries has proved extremely difficult. The modern world is very diverse in terms of development level, and the article offers a new approach to the formation of the idea of stylized facts using cluster analysis. The existing statistics allows to estimate on a unified basis the level of GDP production by 174 countries of the world for 1992—2016. The article presents a structured picture of the world: the distribution of countries in seven clusters, different in levels of development. During the period under review, there was a strong per capita GDP growth in PPP in the middle of the distribution, poverty in various countries declined markedly. At the same time, in 1992—2016, the difference increased not only between rich and poor groups of countries, but also between clusters.
Hazards for women and children in rural settings

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objectives a) To identify possible risk factors associated with rural accidents in women, b) to describe women's knowledge about zoonosis, c) to describe women's risk perception about farming, d) to describe mother´s risk perception about children's activities in rural settings, e) to estimate the initial age of exposure to the rural setting and its dangers, and f) to identify possible risk factors associated with rural accidents in children. Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional design. Women with children that live in the countryside were surveyed (n=24). Structured questionnaire. Statistical analyses: χ2, Student's t-test, Pearson's correlation coefficient and logistic regression. Results Many women had suffered an accident in the countryside (65.6 %). Farm worker usually did not use personal protective equipment (PPE). Hearing protection, gloves, and safety goggles were rarely used. Working women showed a high risk perception for urban driving, the handling of agrochemicals, and driving on main roads (85.7 %, 70 % and 66.7 %). There was no significant association between risk perception and PPE use. Most mothers (87.5 %) thought that was good for children to learn how to perform farm chores starting at a young age. Children started to drive a tractors at 9 years of age; 12.23 years on average. More than 7 % of the children (7.14 %) have suffered an accident on the farm. The most frequent accidents were being trapped in machinery (60 %). No association was found between the independent variables and the dependent variable; farm-related accidents in children (p>0.2). Conclusions Risk communication is necessary to inform people involved and to reduce exposure.
[The importance and limitations of medical imaging diagnosis for temporomandibular disorders].

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) have attracted the attention of the clinicians of stomatology and other related disciplines because of the high prevalence and close relationship with multiple disciplines. Medical imaging is of great value in the diagnosis and differential diagnoses for TMDs. Based on the author's clinical practice experience and some related research work, combined with the relevant literatures, the indications, advantages and disadvantages of various commonly used imaging modalities were described. Simultaneously, the importance and limitations of imaging diagnosis for TMDs were discussed and emphasized in the present article.
Role of Women Psychologists during the Second World War

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

During the Second World War psychology became recognized as having distinct services to offer. The role of male psychologists is contrasted with that of women psychologists. The initial response to the war by female psychologists is described. The specific contributions by women psychologists are examined in the following areas: research on children, child care programs, government and active duty, food problems, and the shaping of educational programs to meet the demands of the war, and work on draft boards by women psychologists.
Parental knowledge on the respiratory syncytial virus before the nirsevimab immunization program: Attitudes toward immunization in an autonomous community of Spain

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of lower respiratory tract infections in young children and associated with most bronchiolitis- and pneumonia-related hospitalizations. A new preventive monoclonal antibody (MAb), nirsevimab, has been launched in the United States, Luxembourg, and France, and was recently approved to be given in a population-based manner throughout Spain. This study aimed to have a first pre-immunization insight into the Spanish parental knowledge about bronchiolitis, RSV, and nirsevimab immunization. Parents in Murcia with children <2 years of age up to the date of September 1, 2023, were selected to complete a questionnaire. The primary endpoint was the parental knowledge about bronchiolitis, RSV, and nirsevimab. A total of 3,217 responses were analyzed. The majority (95.8%) were aware of bronchiolitis. Meanwhile, 46.6% of the respondents knew about RSV, most of them only after the first child’s birth. Information about RSV or bronchiolitis was mainly obtained from family members, with only 4.8% reporting having been informed by Health care Professionals (HCPs). Only 11.2% of respondents were aware of nirsevimab. Nonetheless, these were not entirely satisfied with the information received (score of 3.3 out of 5) and shared that HCPs should be the primary source of information. The present survey then highlights the need for better and more efficient educational strategies directed to all parents/legal guardians. It also sheds some light on the different factors that should be considered to improve awareness of RSV immunization to decrease its burden in Spain and beyond.
Integrating web usability and web aesthetic in public universities websites: A model verification

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The role of a website is becoming vital in supporting the daily function of a public university. Public university websites are now becoming more like a hub that offers various services for various categories of users. With the different type of users, it posed a new challenge for web designers, especially in term of integrating the web usability and aesthetics to ensure it is suitable for all users. Both usability and aesthetics have its own importance in the overall web performance thus requires a \nproper integration mechanism. In order to ensure that there is a guideline for web designers to assist them in designing a proper website, a model was developed that functions as a guideline in assisting web designers to design a public university website that not only high in term of usability but at the same time pleasing in term of aesthetics. In this paper, it discussed the verification process and the results of the verification of the model that was developed. The model was verified through experts in the field of web usability, web aesthetics and web design to ensure the model comply to the requirements of HCI and web design practice.
The utility of Foot Length as a Non-Invasive Anthropometric Measurement in Neonates Admitted in NICU in A Tertiary Care Centre in North Karnataka, India

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Most newborns in NICU would be on respiratory support either on invasive or non-invasive ventilation and it is difficult to measure anthropometries like weight, length and head circumference in these sick newborns. This study was aimed to determine the correlation of foot length of a newborn with occipitofrontal head circumference (OFC), crown-heel length (CHL) and weight of the newborn. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the NICU of Shri B M Patil Medical College Hospital and Research center, Vijayapura. The foot length, occipitofrontal head circumference (OFC) and crown-heel length (CHL) of neonates of gestational ages 28-42 weeks were measured between 12 hours and 7 days of life. Results: Among 350 neonates enrolled, 61% of babies were preterm and 39% were term babies. In premature babies, the correlation between foot length and birth weight (r=0.90) and foot length and length (r=0.89) was pronounced. A positive linear correlation was observed between foot length and weight in babies of all gestational ages. For the identification of LBW babies (<2500 gm), a foot length of less than 7.41cm had 94% sensitivity and 50% specificity. Foot length less than 6.62 cm had 100% sensitivity and 67% specificity for the identification of VLBW babies (<1500 gm). Conclusion: Birth weight and CHL of premature babies can be estimated from the measurement of foot length that was performed easily and rapidly. Measurement of foot length is valuable in premature babies on a ventilator. Foot length may be used in the identification of LBW and VLBW babies who are admitted to the NICU.
Modifiable-risk-factors-for-premature-aging

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In the present stage of knowledge and scientific development, the role played by a wide cluster of factors in accelerated ageing has been proved.Furthermore, it is possible to modify most of them.Aim: The aim of this study is the research and analysis of the major modifiable risk factors for premature ageing.Materials and methods: A direct individual anonymous survey of 340 elderly and old people (65 and over) has been conducted.Results and discussion: The analysis of the social status and health condition as a self-assessment of the respondents proves polymorbidity greatly provoked, most often by the social environment risk factors.The relative share of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases is the highest.The elderly suffer from two, three and even more diseases and conditions.It is necessary to develop guidelines for the prevention of accelerated ageing on the basis of complete and accurate information on the risk factors.Conclusion: The analysis of the behavioural risk factors shows the presence of elements of objective health risks.A substantial part of the identified risk factors are subject to modification, and even to prevention provided prompt modern and efficient prophylactic actions are taken.
“Human Cock Fighting”: The Culturally Acceptable Ritual of Violence in Sports

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

A considerable similarity among ancient and modern sports is the existence of violence and aggression in contests.Society as a whole seems to have long embraced sports that are violent in nature or that have violent elements.Intensity is inherent in certain sports.Physical force and even assault are part of sports like hockey, football, boxing, and rugby.Outside of sport, tackling or punching someone would be considered aggression, yet in the previously mentioned sports it is incorporated within the rules of the game.A concussion is a traumatic brain injury (TBI) induced by an impulsive force transmitted to the head resulting from a direct or indirect impact to the head, face, neck, or spinal cord.Repetitive TBI can trigger the development of chronic traumatic encephalopathy.The main purpose of this mini review was to primarily describe updated scenery on the cognitive risks associated with violence in sports, which may lead to degenerative disorders later in life.TBI may never be completely eliminated from sports.Reducing violent aspects might be a realistic modification of some sports.Properly trained coaches, athletic trainers, and medical staff are on the front line in concussion education, diagnosis, and management, and are essential in reducing the incidence and severity of sport-concussions.
SYSTEM ANALYSIS OF SWEET SORGHUM HARVEST FOR ETHANOL PRODUCTION IN THE PIEDMONT

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Three systems for harvesting and processing sweet sorghum stalks to produce juice for fermentation to ethanol were compared using computer simulation. The costs are estimated at $0.56, $0.63, and $0.87/L of potential ethanol for Systems A, B, and C, respectively. The difference between Systems A and B was primarily due to the estimated values of the by-products produced by the systems, and since these values have not been thoroughly established, it was recommended that research continue on both System A and System B. Improvements in juice sugar levels from 15 to 18 Brix, and/or whole-stalk yields from 42 to 60 Mg/ha would significantly lower costs for all systems. KEYWORDS. Sweet sorghum, Harvesting, Processing, Ethanol.
Journey towards the (m)other : myth, origins and the daughter's desires in the fiction of Angela Carter

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This study examines Angela Carter’s demythologising of origin myths and will \ninvestigate the extent to which her fictions offer viable alternatives that allow for \nproductive representations of women and gender relations outside patriarchal paradigms. \nIn the first half of the thesis (Chapters 1-3), I will primarily focus on how several of \nCarter’s earlier texts deconstruct existing mythical spaces, particularly the biblical \ncreation story in Genesis. The Genesis myth is central to socio-historical constructions of \ngendered identities, and in itself, central to Carter’s imagination. She repeatedly returns \nto this myth in her challenging of the ways in which patriarchal narratives construct \nviolent relations between self and other, specifically where ‘woman’ is situated as the \nrepressed other of male desires and fears. Alongside her demythologising of Genesis, \nCarter deconstructs Freudian myths of sexual maturation, exposing where these also set \nup a relationship of antagonism or enmity between the sexes. Although Chapter One will \nexplore how Carter attempts to revise these origin myths from a positive stance, Two and \nThree will focus on the inherent difficulties faced by the female subject in her struggle \nagainst patriarchal myths and their violent oppression of female autonomy. The second \nhalf of the thesis (Chapters 4-6) will shift to an investigation of how Carter’s later texts \nset up both possibilities and challenges for women when attempting to construct their \nown narratives of origin. Through her problematising of matriarchal myths and feminist \nfantasies of self-creation, Carter emphasises the need for confronting limitations rather \nthan celebrating transgressions as entirely liberating. The thesis will conclude, however, \nwith an examination of where Carter’s own attempts at remythologising opens up an \nalternative space, or ‘elsewhere’, of feminine desires that allows for a refiguring of the \nfemale subject as well as more reciprocal relations between the sexes.
The Impact of Financial Development, Net Foreign Assets and Domestic Businesses on Export Performance: A case of Singapore Economy

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The effects of financial sector liberalization; foreign assets, domestic businesses in the form of listed companies and domestic manufacturing, and real interest rate on export performance of Singapore economy are tested by using ARDL bounds testing approach by covering period from 1978-2023. The empirical results suggest that liberalizing financial sector and foreign assets significantly accelerate export performance. This study considers two proxies for domestic businesses – listed companies and manufacturing. The results uncover the significantly expansionary effects of both indicators of domestic businesses on export performance. Lastly, real interest rate is adversely affecting export performance in Singapore. This study suggests that by expanding domestic businesses; increasing investments in foreign assets, liberalizing financial sector and reducing real interest rate can give boost to exports in Singapore.
RESEARCH ARTICLE n N

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Uppsala, SwedenThe rabbit is the third most commonly used species for experimental research in the European Union, and it is increasing in numbers [1]. It is also the third most com-mon pet species anaesthetised in the United Kingdom [2]. Rabbits are high risk anaesthesia patients, with a mortality risk 14 times higher than in dogs [3]. Possible reasons for this are that rabbits are easily stressed prey react to mask induction with volatile anaesthetics by extended breath-holding [4-6]. Rabbits have a large ab-dominal cavity in relation to the thoracic cavity, with the results that the pressure from the intestinal mass may interfere with respiration in dorsal recumbency during anaesthesia. Furthermore, obesity is increasing in pet rabbits, which also adds to the problem. Respiratory in-fection with Pasteurella pneumotropica, which is common in pet rabbits, may cause a reduction of the hydrogen ion * Correspondence:
UNILATERAL PAPILLEDEMA

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Although much of the ophthalmic literature deals with papilledema, its unilateral occurrence is mentioned only in widely scattered papers. Unilateral involvement is relatively rare but is nevertheless important and presents a difficult diagnostic problem. When the condition is bilateral certain causes are almost automatically excluded. Many additional factors which complicate the diagnosis must be taken into consideration when the condition is limited to one eye. The term choked disk is assiduously avoided in this paper, because it is often taken to include papillitis or optic neuritis, an entity having a different causation, different pathologic characteristics and symptoms and, to a lesser extent, a different appearance and different sequelae. In their early stages the differentiation of the two conditions may be difficult or impossible. Since a clear understanding of the two conditions is important, for reasons which will be given later, a brief summary of their chief characteristics will be presented