jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Sub-Threshold Characteristics of the 0.2 um Capless InP/In0.52Al0.48As/In0.53Ga0.47As p-HEMTs having a Self-Aligned Gate

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Sub-threshold characteristics of a 0.2 /spl mu/m self-aligned gate (SAG) capless InAlAs/InGaAs p-HEMT having a highly strained InAs sub-channel were investigated. The extracted I/sub ON//I/sub OFF/ ratio and sub-threshold slope of the SAG capless HEMT (1.27/spl times/10/sup 4/ and 78 mV/dec) was better than those of the conventional recessed p-HEMT (5.1/spl times/10/sup 3/ and 120 mV/dec), respectively. The capless p-HEMT showed an I/sub ON//I/sub OFF/ ratio twice larger than that of the conventional recessed p-HEMT having a heavily doped InGaAs cap layer. Even without the heavily n-doped InGaAs cap layer, the 0.2 /spl mu/m SAG capless p-HEMT showed the maximum g/sub m/, f/sub T/, and v/sub sat/ (saturation velocity) of 1.12 S/mm, 185 GHz, and 3.3/spl times/10/sup 7/ cm/sec, respectively.
Examination of racial/ethnic disproportionality of autism in California

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Racial/Ethnic disparities continue to exist for minoritized communities. This study is an examination of the risk ratio analysis of racial/ethnic special education disproportionality in schools for the category of autism in the state of California. We extracted and analyzed state level risk ratio data. We used descriptive statistics and compared school districts with significant disproportionality in autism across multiple variables (demographics, enrollment, English Learners, socio-economic status). Additionally, a caregiver survey was sent to caregivers in one disproportionate school district as part of a root cause analysis. It was found that, in 2019, all districts in California with a racial/ethnic significant disproportionality in the autism category were for the overidentification of White students. Importantly, all the districts in the sample had strikingly similar student demographics; a large majority of Latinx/Hispanic students, a large percentage of English Language Learners and low-income students. Results revealed a significant discrepancy between caregiver identified early signs of delays, or red flags of disability by Spanish-speaking Latinx caregivers (14%) and English-speaking caregivers (77%). Researchers and school districts aiming to address systemic disparities in special education need to capture caregiver perspectives in their root cause analyses. Importantly, these findings point to the duty of school systems to address the autism identification and service gaps for families whose primary language is other than English.
Adaptive Tuning Wavelet Neural Controller Design with a Smooth Compensator

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract—In this paper, an adaptive tuning wavelet neural control (ATWNC) is proposed. The proposed ATWNC system is composed of a wavelet neural controller and a smooth compensator. The wavelet neural control is utilized to approximate an ideal controller and the smooth compensator is used to remove the chattering phenomena of conventional sliding-mode control completely. In the ATWNC, the learning algorithm is derived based on the Lyapunov function, thus the closed-loop system’s stability can be guaranteed. Then, the proposed ATWNC approach is applied to a second-order chaotic nonlinear system to investigate the effectiveness. Through the simulation results, the proposed ATWNC scheme can achieve favorable tracking performance and the convergence of the tracking error and control parameters can be accelerated by the developed PI adaptation learning algorithm. Index Terms—Adaptive control, neural control, chaotic system, wavelet neural network.
Effect of foliar application of 24-epibrassinolide and salicylic acid on common bean plants grown under drought stress

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential use of two bioregulators, 24-epibrassinolide (BR) and salicylic acid (SA), as attenuators of drought stress on common bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). This was done by subjecting the plants to three different soil moisture levels, and then analyzing: gas exchange by the leaves, enzymes of antioxidant metabolism (superoxide dismutase, catalase and ascorbate peroxidase), total soluble protein content, photosynthetic pigments, relative leaf water content, and biometric parameters. Neither SA nor BR had significant effects on the parameters of gas exchange and photosynthetic pigments, but they helped to regulate the levels of hydrogen peroxide in the plants, by adjusting both ascorbate peroxidase activity and catalase activity. Therefore, SA and BR are considered to be useful treatments for increasing tolerance to water stress in common bean plants, because their use caused improvements in the plants’ protective mechanisms against drought stress, without any detrimental side effects.
Health Care Seeking Behavior for Safe Motherhood: Findings from Rural Bangladesh

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This study aims to explore women's health care seeking behavior for safe motherhood in rural Bangladesh. Using random sampling method, the study collects data from 118 married women aged between 15 and 45 years in three villages namely Attanda, Srifala, and Lokkhinathkathi in Keshabpur Upazila in the District of Jessore. Both qualitative and quantitative techniques were used to collect data. As a significant finding, the study reports that 69.39 percent women receive healthcare services from village doctors ( polli chikitshok ), followed by 21.43 percent from drugstore salespersons, and 5.10 percent from kobiraj . Another key finding of the study is that financial insolvency is the main reason for not receiving healthcare services from qualified providers during pregnancy. Based on the findings, the study recommends that the government take an integrated approach to increasing women's educational level, creating more income-generating opportunities for them, and providing basic healthcare facilities in rural areas of Bangladesh.
Erythema annulare centrifugum: a case report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Erythema annulare centrifugum (EAC) is a rare cutaneous disease characterized by polycyclic lesion simulating urticarial papules that enlarge centrifugally with central clearing and trailing scales. . It is classified as a reactive erythema and has been associated with various underlying conditions, including malignancies. Diagnosis is established on history, clinical features, and supporting examination. No treatment seems to be effective for this disease and there is still a lack of consensus regarding the best approach. Current choices are focused on treating the underlying subjective complaints. We reported a case of erythema annulare centrifugum in a 49 year old female patient.
Open-label dose-escalation study of oral 1-octanol in patients with essential tremor

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Twenty-one single oral doses of 1-octanol were given to patients with essential tremor (ET) in an open-label dose-escalation study. The drug was well tolerated up to 64 mg/kg. The main side effect was an unusual taste. No overt intoxication was seen. There was evidence for efficacy, with a significant reduction in tremor amplitude as measured by accelerometry and handwriting that was maximal at 2 hours. Higher doses may produce more sustained benefit.
inactivation by aminopyridines

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

A functional model for the in vitro inactivation of voltage-dependent K channels is developed.The model q expresses the activity as a function of the aminopyridine pK , the interaction energy with the receptor, and a quotient a of partition functions.Molecular quantum similarity theory is introduced in the model to express the activity as a function of the principal components of the similarity matrix for a series of agonists.To validate the model, a set of five active (protonated) aminopyridines is considered: 2-aminopyridine, 3-aminopyridine, 4-aminoquinoleine, 4- aminopyridine, and 3,4-diaminopyridine.A regression analysis of the model gives good results for the variation of the observed activity with the overlap similarity index when pyridinic rings are superposed.The results support the validity of the model, and the hypothesis of a ligand-receptor entropy variation depending mainly on the nature of the ligand.In addition, the results suggest that the pyridinic ring must play an active role in the interaction with the receptor site.This interaction with the protonated pyridinic nitrogen can involve a cation- p interaction or a donor hydrogen bond.The amine groups, at different relative positions of the pyridinic nitrogen, can form one or more hydrogen bonds due to the C symmetry of the inner part of the pore in the K channel. q 4 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. q
NK cells that are activated by CXCL10 can kill dormant tumor cells that resist CTL-mediated lysis and can express B7-H1 that stimulates T cells

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Tumor dormancy is a phenomenon where small numbers of tumor cells persist in the host for months or years. We previously showed in the DA1-3b/C3H mouse model of acute myeloid leukemia that dormant tumor cells resist cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL)–mediated killing because they overexpress B7-H1. Here, we vaccinated mice with DA1-3b cells transduced with CXCL10. Vaccinated mice developed a strong systemic immunity that led to the cure of established leukemia without persistence of dormant tumor cells. In vivo depletion of natural killer (NK) cells from the mice abrogated the protective effect of the vaccine. Long-term persistent leukemic cells resist CTL-mediated lysis but were killed by NK cells from mice vaccinated with DA1-3b/CXCL10. These NK cells expressed B7-H1. Recombinant CXCL10, CXCL9, CXCL11, and CXCL12 chemokines induced expression of B7-H1 on mouse and human NK cells in vitro. Mouse and human B7-H1+ NK cells induced proliferation of T cells and production of interferon γ and tumor necrosis factor α in vitro, and in vivo blocking of B7-H1 inhibited the protective effect of vaccination. Thus, CXCL10 induces antileukemic immunity, at least partially by stimulating NK cells to express B7-H1+. This antitumor effect is in contrast to the effect of B7-H1 when expressed on tumor cells because it stops cytotoxic lymphocytes from killing those tumor cells.
Effect of nitrogen rates and application times on growth and yield of maize (Zea mays L.)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A field experiment was designed to study the effect of nitrogen rates and application time on growth and yield of maize at Agronomy Research Farm, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar during summer 2014.An experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design using three replications.Four nitrogen rates (80, 120, 160 and 200 kg ha -1 ) were applied as full at sowing ( AT1), ½ at sowing + ½ at 25 days after sowing (AT2) and 1/3 at sowing + 1/3 at 25 days after sowing + 1/3 at 50 days after sowing (AT3).Results showed that all studied parameters were significantly affected by N-levels.Maximum mean leaf area (258.19 cm 2 ), plant height (188 cm), grains ear -1 (369), 1000-grains weight (245 g), biological yield (9593 kg ha -1 ), grain yield (4109 kg ha -1 ) and harvest index (42 %) were observed with application of 160 kg N ha -1 .The results further revealed that maximum mean leaf area (260 cm 2 ), plant height (184 cm), grains ear -1 (380), biological yield (9195 kg ha -1 ), 1000-grains weight (247 g) and grain yield (3707 kg ha -1 ) were recorded when N was applied ½ at sowing + ½ at 25 days after sowing.The interactive effect of N rates and application time was found significant for mean leaf area.It was concluded that nitrogen at the rate of 160 kg ha -1 and application of N ½ at sowing + ½ at 25 days after sowing is most reliable for yield and production of maize crop in the study region and thus optional for general use in agriculture.
Buckwheat Zita

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Pedigree: Cross-breeding and subsequent selections of different origins from a collection of genetic resourcesBreeding method: The objective was to develop a variety with stable seed yield and good tolerance to lower temperatures.Plants which were similar in the colour of petals and sepals, stem height, leaf size, shape and colour, seed colour, winged seeds and flowering time were placed in a field nursery.After pollination the progeny was subjected to negative selection, during which deviating types were eliminated, to obtain an apparently homogeneous new population.The resulting population has a long stem of green colour, white to pink flowers with green calyx and a leafy stem with triangular heart-shaped leaves of medium size.The seeds are light brown and 1000-seed weight is about 31 g.The variety is early to mid-early. Resistance to diseases:The variety has good resistance to biotic and abiotic stress.Other characteristics: Zita is a good-yielding variety producing seeds for the food industry and also for pharmaceutical purposes.
“Donne che camminano per la città”. Prime riflessioni storico-giuridiche sulla flânerie femminile

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

[Women Walk the City”. Preliminary Historical-Legal Reflections on Female Flânerie] The article aims to highlight how women’s freedom to reside and move (walk) in the metropolis has contributed to redefining both the modern concept of female citizenship and the concept of urban space between the 19th and 20th century.
Chlamydial seasonal dynamics and isolation of “Candidatus Neptunochlamydia vexilliferae” from a Tyrrhenian coastal lake

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

The Chlamydiae are a phylum of obligate intracellular bacteria comprising important human and animal pathogens, yet their occurrence in the environment, their phylogenetic diversity and their host range has been largely underestimated. We investigated the seasonality of environmental chlamydiae in a Tyrrhenian coastal lake. By catalyzed reporter deposition fluorescence in situ hybridization we quantified the small planktonic cells and detected a peak in the abundance of environmental chlamydiae in early autumn with up to 5.9x104 cells ml-1 . Super-resolution microscopy improved the visualization and quantification of these bacteria, and enabled the detection of pleomorphic chlamydial cells in their protist host directly in an environmental sample. To isolate environmental chlamydiae together with their host we applied a high-throughput limited dilution approach and successfully recovered a Vexillifera sp., strain harboring chlamydiae (93% 16S rRNA sequence identity to Simkania negevensis), tentatively named 'Candidatus Neptunochlamydia vexilliferae'. Transmission electron microscopy in combination with fluorescence in situ hybridization was used to prove the intracellular location of these bacteria representing the first strain of marine chlamydiae stably maintained alongside with their host in a laboratory culture. Taken together, this study contributes to a better understanding of the distribution and diversity of environmental chlamydiae in previously neglected marine environments.
Versatile Injectable Carboxymethyl Chitosan Hydrogel for Immediate Hemostasis, Robust Tissue Adhesion Barrier, and Antibacterial Applications

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Iatrogenic ulcers resulting from endoscopic submucosal dissection surgery remain a significant clinical concern due to the risk of uncontrolled bleeding. Herein, we have developed an injectable shear-thinning hydrogel cross-linked through electrostatic interactions and hydrogen bonding. The hydrogel underwent comprehensive characterization, focusing on rheological behavior, injectability, microstructure, film-forming capability, adhesion, swelling behavior, degradation kinetics, antibacterial efficacy, hemostatic performance, and biocompatibility. The incorporation of poly(vinyl alcohol) notably enhanced the internal structural stability and injection pressure, while the Laponite content influenced self-healing ability, modulus, and viscosity. Additionally, the hydrogel exhibited pH sensitivity, appropriate degradation, and swelling rates and displayed favorable film-forming and adhesion properties. Notably, it demonstrated excellent resistance against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, highlighting its potential to create an optimal wound environment. In vivo studies further confirmed the hydrogel's exceptional hemostatic performance, positioning it as an optimal material for endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) surgery. Moreover, cell experiments and hemolysis tests revealed high biocompatibility, supporting their potential to facilitate the healing of iatrogenic ulcers post-ESD surgery. In conclusion, our hydrogels hold great promise as endoscopic treatment materials for ESD-induced ulcers given their outstanding properties.
Biosynthesis of intestinal microvillar proteins. Evidence for an intracellular sorting taking place in, or shortly after, exit from the Golgi complex

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Pig small intestinal mucosal explants, labelled with [35S]-methionine, were fractionated into Mg2+-precipitated (intracellular and basolateral) and microvillar membranes, and the orientation of newly synthesized aminopeptidase N (EC 3.4.11.2) in vesicles from the two fractions was studied by its accessibility to proteolytic cleavage. The mature polypeptide of Mr 166 000 from the latter fraction was cleaved by trypsin, proteinase K and papain, consistent with an extracellular location of the enzyme at its site of function. In contrast, both the mature form and the transient form of Mr 140 000 from the Mg2+-precipitated fraction were equally well protected from proteolytic cleavage (in the absence of Triton X-100). This indicates that the basolateral plasma membrane is unlikely to be involved in the post-Golgi transport of newly synthesized aminopeptidase N and suggests instead a direct delivery of the enzyme to the apical plasma membrane. A crude membrane preparation from labelled explants was used in immunoelectrophoretic purification of membranes to determine at what stage during intracellular transport newly synthesized microvillar enzymes are sorted, i.e., accumulated in areas of the membrane from where other proteins are excluded. The transient form of aminopeptidase N was only moderately enriched by immunopurification, using antibodies against different microvillar enzymes, but the mature form was enriched approximately 30-fold from explants, labelled for 30 min. This suggests that for microvillar enzymes, the aspects of sorting studied take place in, or shortly after exit from, the Golgi complex.
Low‐grade B‐cell lymphoma of the central nervous system with plasmacytic differentiation and amyloid deposition

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A 65‐year‐old woman with a resolved history of epilepsy due to a motor vehicle accident and hippocampal sclerosis presented with recurrent de novo seizures. Brain imaging demonstrated enhancement in the left parieto‐occipital lobe. At histopathological examination, the lesion displayed a diffuse lymphoid infiltrate comprised of small atypical lymphocytes, plasmacytoid lymphocytes, and scattered plasma cells with amyloid deposition. Pathology workup demonstrated a monotypic B‐cell phenotype of the lymphoid infiltrate, expressing lambda light chain restriction and plasmacytic differentiation without MYD88 mutations. The patient had no systemic evidence of lymphoma, plasma cell dyscrasia, or amyloidosis. A diagnosis of low‐grade B‐cell lymphoma of the central nervous system with plasmacytic differentiation and amyloid deposition was made.
Finn twins (La Brea Hospital), 1954

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

19 images. Finn twins (La Brea Hospital), 14 July 1954. Dr. Frank Cutler; John Mies (Ambulance Attendant); Loren Long (Ambulance Attendant); George Finn; Charles Finn; George Finn; Patricia Lynn; Ruth Nunley (nurse).; Caption slip reads: "Photographer: Forbes. Date: 1954-07-14. Reporter: Harmon. Assignment: Finn twins. 301/302: Charles Finn being lifted into bed at La Brea Hospital by Ambulance Attendants John Mies, left, and Loren Long. 43/44: George Finn with Nurse Ruth Nunley at La Brea Hospital. 305/306: Nurse Ruth Glickman at La Brea Hospital feeds George Finn from small glass of milk. 34: Charles Finn getting milk feed. Dr. Frank Cutler. In ambulance left to right: George and Charles Finn, at La Brea Hospital.".
A-138 Lifetime Repetitive Blast Overpressure Exposure Has Negative Impact on Quality of Life after Traumatic Brain Injury

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Objective The objective of this study was to i) address the impact repetitive blast exposure (RBE) has on recovery from TBI in service members and veterans (SMVs), ii) determine if the relative amount of blast exposure in a career changes this effect, iii) determine if any effects of blast exposure are different than known pre-existing neurotrauma such as pre-injury TBI history (piTBIHx) defined as previous TBI that occurred before the index injury for the study. Methods 341 SMVs with an uncomplicated mild, complicated mild, moderate, or severe TBI. piTBIHx was based on a structured interview and RBE was based on self-report. Participants were divided into six cohorts based on RBE and piTBIHx and given the TBI-Quality of Life (TBI-QOL). Four multivariate analysis of variance were completed for each domain separately (Emotional, Physical, Cognition, and Positive) to correct for multiple comparisons. Results Results indicate that HeavyRBE, in the absence of piTBIHx, was associated with worse QOL on measures of Anger (p = 0.032), Anxiety (p = 0.008), Explosive Behavior (p = 0.038), Headache (p = 0.030), Pain (p = 0.016), Cognitive Complaints-Executive Functioning (p = 0.009), and Cognitive Complaints-General (p = 0.013). ModerateRBE in the absence of piTBIHx was associated with more Cognitive Complaints-Executive Function (p = 0.005). ModerateRBE did not differ from the Heavy RBE group regardless of piTBIHx. Conclusion QOL after a TBI may be negatively impacted by a history of RBE. A lifetime of HeavyRBE was associated with worse QOL on numerous measures, however, Moderate RBE was only associated with worse cognitive complaints related to executive functioning.