jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Optimization of Radar Cross Section and Drag coefficient of Ogive Nose Using the NSGA-II Algorithm

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Designers try to reduce missiles’ drag coefficients, but many of the geometrical changes that reduce the drag coefficient can increase the radar cross section of the missile. So, authors decided to solve this problem by missile optimization. In this study, missile Ogive nose is optimized using multi-objective genetic algorithm while the length of missile is kept constant. Objective functions are drag coefficient and radar cross section (RCS). Ogive nose was tested in mach number of 2.01 and radar systems were designed to operate at high frequencies between 4-6 GHz. The drag coefficient was calculated by CFD code and was compared with experimental results. Then, radar cross section was calculated with the commercial HFSS program. Finally, objective functions were optimized using non-dominate sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) and the objectives were both minimized to establish the Pareto front. Pareto front shows the best possible design points for the objective functions. Compared with the initial model, the optimum model achieves a decrease of 47% and 14% in the drag coefficient and the radar cross section respectively.
Study on Mechanical Properties of Talus Deposit Based on Digital Image Processing Technology

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Talus deposit is often seen in the hydropower projects in the southwest of China. Its mechanical properties are so complex that microstructure study is often used to reveal the essence of deformation and damage. The digital image processing technology (DIPT) is introduced to the simulation of talus deposits. Based on the study of DIPT, a Photo-To-Flac3D (PTF) auto-modeling program is developed. It is able to realize the whole process: analyzing and processing the digital image, acquiring the information and establishing the micro-model files. A new modeling method is developed for the mechanical behavior simulation of talus deposit. As an example, some talus deposit data of Gushui hydropower station is used, the micro-model of talus deposit can be established fast and correctly by the PTF from the digital photo on-site. The mechanical properties are studied by the numerical simulation of triaxial test. The results show that the talus deposit has the feature of bully in deformation while that of Unicom band under force.
Research on Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor γ in Atherosclerosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The agonists of PPAR-γ and the effect on vascular cells in atherosclerosis are reviewed.Atherosclerosis(AS) is an inflammatory process of vascular injure.It has been shown that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ(PPAR-γ) plays a crucial role in AS,which affects nearly all vascular cells participated in AS.PPAR-γ binding specific agonists regulates transcriptive activity.PPAR-γ suppresses the proliferation and migration of vascular cells,degrades inflammatory reaction,and prevents the development of atherosclerosis.
Genetic hypothyroid mice: normal cerebellar morphology but altered glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase in Bergmann glia

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of thyroid deficiency on cerebellar development with mouse endocrine genetic models. Four types of mutant mice, the growth hormone- and thyroid hormone-deficient Snell dwarf mouse (dw/dw), the growth hormone- deficient little mouse (lit/lit), the primary hypothyroid mouse (hyt/hyt), and the congenital genital goiter mouse (cog/cog) were analyzed for expression of the glial enzyme marker glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) and several other marker proteins. GPDH expression, as determined by enzyme activity and Northern blot analysis, was reduced by about 50% in the cerebellum and brainstem of the three hypothyroid mutant mice. No reduced expression was found in any region of the brain of the growth hormone-deficient lit/lit mutant. Visualization of GPDH by immunohistology showed that the immunoreactive enzyme was strikingly reduced in the Bergmann glial cells of dw/dw, hyt/hyt, and cog/cog mutant mice, particularly in the radial glial processes. To evaluate the specificity of the effect on GPDH expression, we also examined the expression of the glial cell-specific S-100 protein by immunohistology. In all mutant cerebella, both the intensity and pattern of staining of the Bergmann glial cells were indistinguishable from that of normal controls, suggesting that the Bergmann glial cells are morphologically normal in the hypothyroid mice. The morphology of the Purkinje cell neurons was similarly visualized by immunohistology using an antiserum specific for the microtubule-associated proteins. Surprisingly, the morphology of the Purkinje cell dendritic arborization also appeared unaltered in the hypothyroid mice. The results suggest that the morphological development of the mouse cerebellum is relatively unaffected by hypothyroidism.
Electroweak Processes in the Standard Model and Beyond: Backgrounds to Higgs Physics and Semileptonic Decay Modes

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

This thesis describes several aspects of electroweak processes at the Large Hadron Collider. In the first part an analysis of supersymmetry induced backgrounds to the production of a SM-like Higgs boson in the MSSM is performed. The possible influence of BSM effects on the data-driven determination of non-BSM backgrounds is discussed in the second part of this thesis. Finally, the implementation of semileptonic decay modes for processes involving several electroweak gauge bosons is discussed.
BayesDB: A probabilistic programming system for querying the probable implications of data

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Is it possible to make statistical inference broadly accessible to non-statisticians without sacrificing mathematical rigor or inference quality? This paper describes BayesDB, a probabilistic programming platform that aims to enable users to query the probable implications of their data as directly as SQL databases enable them to query the data itself. This paper focuses on four aspects of BayesDB: (i) BQL, an SQL-like query language for Bayesian data analysis, that answers queries by averaging over an implicit space of probabilistic models; (ii) techniques for implementing BQL using a broad class of multivariate probabilistic models; (iii) a semi-parametric Bayesian model-builder that auomatically builds ensembles of factorial mixture models to serve as baselines; and (iv) MML, a "meta-modeling" language for imposing qualitative constraints on the model-builder and combining baseline models with custom algorithmic and statistical models that can be implemented in external software. BayesDB is illustrated using three applications: cleaning and exploring a public database of Earth satellites; assessing the evidence for temporal dependence between macroeconomic indicators; and analyzing a salary survey.
Drug-induced haemolysis in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

People with the variants of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPD) deficiency common in the southern Chinese (Canton, B(-)Chinese, and Hong Kong-Pokfulam) have a moderate shortening of red-cell survival but no anaemia when they are in the steady state. With a cross-transfusion technique, primaquine, nitrofurantoin, and large doses of aspirin were found to aggravate the haemolysis while sulphamethoxazole did so only in some people. Individual differences in drug metabolism may be the reason for this. Many commonly used drugs reported to accentuate haemolysis in GPD deficiency did not shorten red-cell survival.
Elbow Neuropathic Arthropathy. A Case Report.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We report a 51-year-old woman with neuropathic arthropathy in her elbow due to syringomyelia. She had been suffering swelling and mild pain in her right elbow for two years. Her right elbow swollen, and had local heat and abnormal instability. Her sense of heat and pain of right arm, but touch and vibration remained intact. diminished in her Roentgengrams of ther right elbow showed severe destructive change, deslocation and formation of ectopic ossification, and calcification. Cervical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed syringomyelia due to Arnold-Chiari malformation. With 3 months of brace, pain and swelling of her elbow decreased and the destructive change reconstructed on roentgenogram.
ARCHAEOLOGY AND THE EMERGENCE OF EARLY ISRAEL

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In theory, pinpointing the origins of ancient Israel ought to be straightforward: one could simply seek information from the Hebrew Bible (or Christian Old Testament), since this purports to be the true history of Israel from its beginnings. The people of Israel originated as a band of slaves who miraculously escaped from Egypt. They then wandered across the Sinai desert, where under Moses' leadership they met their god-to-be, Yahweh, and received his law. And finally, under Joshua, they conquered the land of Canaan, dispossessing its inhabitants and settling there themselves according to God's promise. In practice, however, the quest for Israel's origins is not that simple, because the Hebrew Bible is not really a 'history book' in the modern sense, and to its credit it never claims to be. The Bible is thus not 'history', but 'His' story – the dramatic account of God's miraculous dealings with a particular people designated to become his chosen. The Bible is almost exclusively a sacred history, or 'salvation-history', written as it were from a divine perspective, since its authors claim to be inspired by God. Thus the Bible is scarcely interested in human, that is, historical explanations. It intends to tell us not so much how or when ancient Israel originated, but why.
Central Asia Since Independence

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

When the Soviet Union officially ended in December 1991 and was replaced by the Commonwealth of Independent States, the five Central Asian republics—Kazakstan, Kyrgystan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan—also became independent. This study examines the course of nationalist, ethnic, and pro-independence movements in the Central Asian region since 1991, as well as the geopolitical situation surrounding and involving these new states. Because of differences in size, ethnic composition, historical and cultural characteristics, resource base, and geographical location, these countries' patterns of evolution during the post-independence period have varied greatly. Nevertheless, during the last few years, certain basic common patterns have emerged, both in the political and economic development of the Central Asian states and in their external relations. These patterns and developments are analyzed here by a noted expert in Eurasian studies.
Dermatitis and Cellulitis in Leopard Geckos (Eublepharis macularius) Caused by the Chrysosporium Anamorph of Nannizziopsis vriesii

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

An epizootic of ulcerative to nodular ventral dermatitis was observed in a large breeding colony of 8-month to 5-year-old leopard geckos ( Eublepharis macularius) of both sexes. Two representative mature male geckos were euthanized for diagnostic necropsy. The Chrysosporium anamorph of Nannizziopsis vriesii (CANV) was isolated from the skin lesions, and identification was confirmed by sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer region of the rRNA gene. Histopathology revealed multifocal to coalescing dermal and subcutaneous heterophilic granulomas that contained septate fungal hyphae. There was also multifocal epidermal hyperplasia with hyperkeratosis, and similar hyphae were present within the stratum corneum, occasionally with terminal chains of arthroconidia consistent with the CANV. In one case, there was focal extension of granulomatous inflammation into the underlying masseter muscle. This is the first report of dermatitis and cellulitis due to the CANV in leopard geckos.
Point Cloud Adversarial Perturbation Generation for Adversarial Attacks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In recent years, 3D model analysis has made a revolutionary development. Point cloud contains rich 3D object geometry information, which is an important 3D object data format widely used in many applications. However, the irregularity and disorder of the point cloud also cause its vulnerability to environmental impact, which may bring security risks to safety-critical 3D applications such as self-driving tasks. Recently, there are only a few methods engaged to attack the point cloud models to improve the robustness of point cloud analysis models. Most of them only focus on the attack by adjusting the points but ignore learning the perturbation’s distribution characteristics. In this work, we propose a novel framework to attack point cloud models. By introducing the GAN structure, we train a generator to produce slight point-to-point perturbations according to the sample’s raw classification, which can effectively boost the attack performance. Meanwhile, we propose an outlier removal module to constrain the magnitude of the generated perturbation. The goal is to guarantee the visual quality of generation samples to improve the difficulty of training and further improve the robustness of 3D analysis models. Finally, we carry out extensive attack experiments, and the related results demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed method.
Morphological trait database of saproxylic beetles

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The extinction of species is a non-random process, and understanding why some species are more likely to go extinct than others is critical for conservation efforts. Functional trait-based approaches offer a promising tool to achieve this goal. In forests, deadwood-dependent (saproxylic) beetles comprise a major part of threatened species, but analyses of their extinction risk have been hindered by the availability of suitable morphological traits. To better understand the mechanisms underlying extinction in insects, we investigated the relationships between morphological features and the extinction risk of saproxylic beetles. Specifically, we hypothesised that species darker in colour, with a larger and rounder body, a lower mobility, lower sensory perception, and more robust mandibles are at higher risk. We first developed a protocol for morphological trait measurements and present a database of 37 traits for 1157 European saproxylic beetle species. Based on 13 selected, independent traits characterising aspects of colour, body shape, locomotion, sensory perception and foraging, we used a proportional-odds multiple linear mixed-effects model to model the German Red List categories of 744 species as an ordinal index of extinction risk. Six out of 13 traits correlated significantly with extinction risk. Larger species, as well as species with a broad and round body, had a higher extinction risk than small, slim and flattened species. Species with short wings had a higher extinction risk than those with long wings. On the contrary, extinction risk increased with decreasing wing load and with higher mandibular aspect ratio (shorter and more robust mandibles). Our study provides new insights into how morphological traits, beyond the widely used body size, determine the extinction risk of saproxylic beetles. Moreover, our approach shows that the morphological characteristics of beetles can be comprehensively represented by a selection of 13 traits. We recommend them as a starting point for functional analyses in the rapidly growing field of ecological and conservation studies of deadwood.
Cholesterol affects flow-stimulated cyclooxygenase-2 expression and prostanoid secretion in the cortical collecting duct

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Essential hypertension (eHTN) is associated with hypercholesterolemia, but how cholesterol contributes to eHTN is unknown. Recent evidence demonstrates that short-term dietary cholesterol ingestion induces epithelial Na channel (ENaC)-dependent Na absorption with a subsequent rise in blood pressure (BP), implicating cholesterol in salt-sensitive HTN. Prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ), an autocrine/paracrine molecule, is induced by flow in endothelia to vasodilate the vasculature and inhibit ENaC-dependent Na absorption in the renal collecting duct (CD), which reduce BP. We hypothesize that cholesterol suppresses flow-mediated cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression and PGE 2 release in the CD, which, in turn, affects Na absorption. Cortical CDs (CCDs) were microperfused at 0, 1, and 5 nl·min −1 ·mm −1 , and PGE 2 release was measured. Secreted PGE 2 was similar between no- and low-flow (151 ± 28 vs. 121 ± 48 pg·ml −1 ·mm −1 ) CCDs, but PGE 2 was greatest from high-flow (578 ± 146 pg·ml −1 ·mm −1 ; P < 0.05) CCDs. Next, mice were fed either a 0 or 1% cholesterol diet, injected with saline to generate high urine flow rates, and CCDs were microdissected for PGE 2 secretion. CCDs isolated from cholesterol-fed mice secreted less PGE 2 and had a lower PGE 2 -generating capacity than CCDs isolated from control mice, implying cholesterol repressed flow-induced PGE 2 synthesis. Next, cholesterol extraction in a CD cell line induced COX-2 expression and PGE 2 release while cholesterol incorporation, conversely, suppressed their expression. Moreover, fluid shear stress (FSS) and cholesterol extraction induced COX-2 protein abundance via p38-dependent activation. Thus cellular cholesterol composition affects biomechanical signaling, which, in turn, affects FSS-mediated COX-2 expression and PGE 2 release via a p38-dependent mechanism.
Endurance is to be shown at the first blow: Social representations and reactions to traumatic experiences in the Gaza Strip.

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Research and clinical practice in the field of trauma has emphasized the construct of posttraumatic stress disorder. However, trauma has broader meanings that reflect its impact on the fabric of social life and that may be relevant to clinical understanding and intervention. This article illustrates the larger meanings of trauma with data from a pilot study designed to investigate the social representations of trauma and ways in which trauma is defined (i.e., meanings assigned to trauma) among Palestinians living in protracted conflict situations in the Gaza Strip. Ethnographic interviews conducted with key informants living in the Gaza Strip suggest that social representations and meaning of trauma can be classified into three main types according to the level and nature of the symptoms associated with the experience, severity, patterns of resort to treatment, and long-term effects: sadma (trauma as a sudden blow with immediate impact), faji’ah (tragedy), and musiba (calamity). Sadma is used metaphorically to refer to painful events that happen suddenly. Faji’ah is used to describe the reaction to an extraordinary event, mainly the loss of a loved one. Musiba is used when traumatic events are persistent and have long-term consequences. Popular descriptions and relationships among these terms and their meanings and relationships to common idioms of distress are illustrated. Examining cultural variations in the understanding and expression of trauma-related distress has implications for the definition of trauma-related disorders in psychiatric nosology, as well as for the design and delivery of culturally appropriate clinical and community interventions.
The enzymic hydrolysis of phosphatides

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Research Article| January 01 1934 The enzymic hydrolysis of phosphatides: The hydrolysis of natural and synthetic phosphatides Earl Judson King Earl Judson King 1The Department of Medical Research, Banting Institute, University of Toronto Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem J (1934) 28 (2): 476–481. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0280476 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation Earl Judson King; The enzymic hydrolysis of phosphatides: The hydrolysis of natural and synthetic phosphatides. Biochem J 1 January 1934; 28 (2): 476–481. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0280476 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Journal Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1934 CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS1934 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Acute cerebral revascularization after regional cerebral ischemia in the dog

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

✓ The efficacy of cerebral revascularization by anastomosis of the superficial temporal artery (STA) to the middle cerebral artery (MCA), performed 4 and 24 hours after a regional MCA infarction had been produced by combined occlusion of the MCA and internal carotid artery, was tested in 12 dogs. To control possible intercurrent variables, seven other dogs remained untreated and five had a sham operation. Clinical and pathological changes were recorded and analyzed. An incidence of 85% infarction was obtained in the untreated control group. The severity of the clinical deficits and pathological changes for the anastomosed groups were greater than those seen in the untreated control group. The extent of the infarction was significantly greater (p < 0.05) in the anastomosed groups than in the sham-operated and control groups. Hemorrhagic infarcts occurred in most of the dogs in the anastomosed groups, but were not present in either control group (p < 0.05). Two dogs in the 4-hour and one in the 24-hour group improved more than any control dog, but the difference was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). In two dogs with occluded anastomosis the clinical deficits and the pathological changes were less than those seen in animals with patent anastomosis. The severity of the pathological and clinical changes correlated well with the re-establishment of flow in the MCA territory. It is proposed that cerebral revascularization at 4 and 24 hours following a regional MCA infarct in the dog is followed by an exacerbation of the microcirculatory obstruction, cerebral edema, and infarction. From improvement noted in three animals the authors suggest that under special conditions the revascularization could benefit some cases following acute cerebral infarction.