jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
DNS of Karman's Vortex Shedding in Low-Reynolds Number Flows around a Cylinder.

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Direct numerical simulations (DNS) of flows around a two-dimensional cylinder with Re=56, 140 and 226 by the higher-order finite difference scheme (FDS) have been conducted. A newly constructed outflow boundary condition, which has been successfully tested on a spatially developing mixing-layer has been applied. Various comparisons of relevant flow properties like drag coefficient, Strouhal number and the length of the formation region with experimental data are performed. In addition, the adequacy of the resultant flowfield both in the formation and the stable region has been investigated in terms of the decay of the vorticity and the velocity fluctuation. From these studies, the following conclusions are obtained. (1) In the formation region, the decay of the shed vortex obtained by DNS shows good agreement with the experimental result as to peak values of vorticity. The shear stress field obtained by DNS shows a concentrated region of shear stress at the moment of vortex shedding, which is observed in the experimental results. (2) In the stable region, the decay of the velocity fluctuation obtained by the present DNS shows good agreement with the experimental results. (3) In the Reynolds number region below Re=226, global properties describing the wake behind the cylinder such as the length of the formation region and the strength of the vortices obtained by the DNS show good agreement with the experimental results.
Supplementary Data from Tremelimumab in Combination with Exemestane in Patients with Advanced Breast Cancer and Treatment-Associated Modulation of Inducible Costimulator Expression on Patient T Cells

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Supplementary Data from Tremelimumab in Combination with Exemestane in Patients with Advanced Breast Cancer and Treatment-Associated Modulation of Inducible Costimulator Expression on Patient T Cells
A survey of temporary valence verbs and the related sentence patterns in Zhuangzi (《庄子》)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Temporary valence verbs are verbs that obtain temporary valence in using.This paper,using valence theory and taking lexical items as units,conducts an exhaustive survey of the temporary valence verbs in Zhuangzi,analyzes and summarizes the semantic features,valence structures, basic and derived sentence patterns of such verbs,and discusses their relations.
Recent Insights Into the Ultrastructure of Diatoms Using Scanning and Transmission Electron‐Microscopy

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A group of microalgae known as diatoms that are widely distributed among almost all the water bodies including freshwater, oceans, lakes, rivers, waterways and moist soil, contributes about 50% of the atmosphere's oxygen are of interest due to their extensive applications in biomedicine, pharmaceuticals, toxicity testing, diagnostic procedures, nanotechnology, etc. In this chapter, various diatom species from different sources are characterized and studied by employing electron microscopic approaches. A brief structural overview of several diatom species and their applications are illustrated. Profound structural insight of the diatoms is obtained by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Also, the advantages of using SEM and TEM for structural and morphological characterization studies were particularized in this study.
A novel technique to estimate the statistical properties of Σ-Δ A/D converters for the investigation of DC stability

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Concerns the development of a novel technique for the determination of the moments of the quantizer input signal for /spl Sigma/-/spl Delta/ A/D converters. The starting point in this technique is the characterization of the quantizer output signal bit pattern. In the case of first-order /spl Sigma/-/spl Delta/ A/D converters this is facilitated by exploiting the fact that the spectrum of this bit pattern contains a dominant tone indicating that the bit pattern is almost periodic. In the case of higher-order A/D converters, this is achieved by taking into account that in stable /spl Sigma/-/spl Delta/ A/D converters, the constituent quantizer almost always operates in its overload-free region. Then, the quantizer input signal can be determined in terms of the DC input signal and in terms of the estimated quantizer output signal bit pattern. The desired quantizer input signal moments can then be obtained in a straightforward fashion. An application example is given to illustrate the accuracy of the proposed moment estimation technique.
A study on blogshops and the effectiveness of their social media marketing communication strategies.

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This study outlines how blogshops use social media platforms to communicate with blogshoppers and investigates the effectiveness of these communication strategies via social media. The use of three social communication strategies will be explored: Facebook “like” or “share” functions, blog advertorials and microblogging via Twitter. A new distinction of blog advertorial style was also proposed: the subtle style and the overt style. The effectiveness of each of these three social communication strategies was analysed through simulations and surveys. Analysis of the responses revealed that the Facebook “like” or “share” functions, the subtle blog advertorial style, and microblogging via Twitter are all effective in enhancing brand recall, blog involvement and customer satisfaction respectively, which are antecedents of purchase intentions. This study concludes by providing recommendations to blogshop owners who are currently employing or who are intending to employ these three social communication strategies to engage their customers and effectively influence purchase intentions indirectly. They include posting more prominent and bigger product pictures and having an overt blog advertorial after the subtle blog advertorial to reinforce the advertising element after positive feelings are invoked from the subtle blog advertorial. Last but not least, more Facebook followers can also be converted to Twitter followers to create another customer service touchpoint for blogshops.
Dimensions of Translation in the Context of French Encyclopaedism in the Age of Enlightenment: The Encyclopaedias Database

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract The eighteenth century saw not only the rise of encyclopaedias in the form of handbooks of articles arranged alphabetically, but also the spread of the genre across large parts of the European continent. Starting out in France, the Netherlands, the German-speaking area and England, encyclopaedias (in German: ‘Reallexika’ or ‘Sachwörterbücher’) such as the Cyclopaedia by Chambers or the Encyclopédie by Diderot and D’Alembert, soon also started appearing in Southern, Eastern and Northern Europe, before becoming part of the publishing landscape in North and South America in the late eighteenth century. Just as the creation of encyclopaedias was in many cases transnational, so too was their reception. Thus, encyclopaedias were a driving force in the formation of a pan-European and transatlantic space of knowledge and communication in the eighteenth century. Our research project, entitled ‘Dimensions of Translation in the Context of French Encyclopaedism in the Age of Enlightenment (1680–1800)’, which since 2018 has been part of the DFG Priority Programme 2130 “Early Modern Translation Cultures”, aims to examine the role that translations played in this context and for early modern encyclopaedism.
Leeds Calling: The Influence of London on the Gentrification of Regional Cities

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper undertakes a review of gentrification and global city research to develop an appreciation of the nature of gentrification taking place in central areas of Leeds in the UK. The literature review establishes an uneven and dominant set of social, economic and cultural relations between the city-region of London and the South East with other regions in the UK. It is proposed that these sets of relations will impact upon socio-spatial developments in regional cities in the UK and will provide the dynamics leading contemporary gentrification in regional financial centres. Using Leeds as a case study, quantitative and qualitative data are presented to develop an appreciation of the internal and external dynamics driving contemporary 'developer-led' gentrification in Leeds.
Possibilities of increasing the expression of cloned foreign genes in e. coli

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Possibilities of increasing the expression of cloned foreign genes in E. coli : Methods to increase the gene copy‐number; Methods to increase and control the rate of transcription; Methods to increase the rate of translation; Methods to increase the stability of the synthetised protein or peptide; Methods to increase the stability of recombinant plasmids. Each of these possibilities will be illustrated by examples from our laboratory.
Establishing and maintaining gene expression patterns: insights from sensory receptor patterning

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

In visual and olfactory sensory systems with high discriminatory power, each sensory neuron typically expresses one, or very few, sensory receptor genes, excluding all others. Recent studies have provided insights into the mechanisms that generate and maintain sensory receptor expression patterns. Here, we review how this is achieved in the fly retina and compare it with the mechanisms controlling sensory receptor expression patterns in the mouse retina and in the mouse and fly olfactory systems.
Finite element analysis of temperature distribution in microwave oven while cooking an egg

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Study of temperature distribution in cooking stuff in a microwave oven is a complex phenomenon. Here the finite element analysis of temperature distribution while cooking an egg is presented. The heat mass transfer, rotational fluid flow and electromagnetic wave equation are combined for the study. The action of microwaves in heating the egg is presented. The process of heating an egg becomes complex as it is a process of inverse liquification i.e. it is a process in which a liquid becomes solid while heating whereas a liquid as we know normally becomes vapour while heating. The work is supported by simulation.
Autologous tumor antigens and boron nanosheet-based nanovaccines for enhanced photo-immunotherapy against immune desert tumors

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Personalized therapeutic vaccines against immune desert tumors are an increasingly important field in current cancer immunotherapy. However, limitations in neoantigen recognition, impotent immune cells, and a lack of intratumoral infiltrated lymphocytes pose challenges for the cancer vaccines. Resected tumors contain various of patient-specific tumor autoantigens (TA), and its derived photonanovaccines have unique competency to overcome abovementioned barriers. We constructed a novel personalized photonanovaccine (B@TA-R848) with surgically sourced TA modified on two-dimensional boron nanosheets (BNSs) via polydopamine coating and loaded with immune adjuvant R848. B@TA-R848 has good properties of drug delivery and release, photoacoustic imaging, photothermal effect, and biocompatibility. In a mouse triple-negative breast cancer model, B@TA-R848-based photonanovaccine induced effective systemic antitumor immune responses, altered the local tumor microenvironment, and increased the intratumoral infiltration of immune cells. The combined photo immunotherapy could significantly inhibit tumor growth, recurrence, and metastasis. This work develops a novel photonanovaccine for low immunogenicity and high metastatic potential tumors, which is of great significance for exploring the clinical development of personalized tumor vaccines against immune desert tumors.
Possible Increased Efficacy of Low-Dose Clozapine When Combined With Aripiprazole

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Article AbstractBecause this piece does not have an abstract, we have provided for your benefit the first 3 sentences of the full text.Sir: Clozapine has been shown to be superior to typical antipsychotics in treatment-refractory schizophrenic patients. However, patients are sometimes unable to tolerate full therapeutic doses of clozapine because of significant adverse central nervous system and gastrointestinal effects at high doses. Aripiprazole is a new antipsychotic with a novel mechanism of action.
Analysis of factors influencing the qualitative characteristics of equine synovial fluid

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

The objective of the present study was to investigate the viscoelastic properties in synovial fluid between normal horses and horses with naturally occurring OA and to detect factors affecting synovial fluid viscosity. In total, 105 horses were included in this study. Synovial fluid samples were obtained from 60 mature horses with mild to moderate osteoarthritis in the 2nd interphalangeal, the metacarpophalangeal or the intercarpal joint. Forty-five horses were used as controls. Full rheological sample characterization was performed in order to measure the elastic G’ and viscous G’’ moduli. For determining hyaluronic acid concentrations a commercially available ELISA kit was used. The results of the linear mixed effect (LME) model revealed statistically significant (p < 0.001) effect of HA concentration, on the mean values of logG’ and logG” measurements. The ANOVA findings of the final model revealed statistically significant effect of joint type (p < 0.001) on the mean values of viscoelastic measurements. Interpreting the coefficients of the covariates osteoarthritis (p < 0.001) and age (p = 0.013), a negative correlation was detected on the response logG’ and logG” measurements. Geldings seemed to present lower viscous properties compared to mares. To the authors’ knowledge this is the first multivariate study to quantitatively evaluate the several factors that affect the viscoelastic properties of equine synovial fluid. Horses with osteoarthritis seemed to present lower viscoelastic properties compared to the healthy subjects that are joint type dependant. Finally, considering the multifactorial nature of osteoarthritis, one should expect an emerging need of personalized disease-modifying treatments.
[Prophylactic effect of ambroxol on acute hydrochloric acid aspiration - induced lung injury].

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Hydrochloric-acid aspiration may induce an acute and diffuse lung injury, with manifestations of hyperpnea, lower PaO(2) and severe pathological changes in lung tissues. Ambroxol may have a protective effect against lung injury induced by hydrochloric acid.
Treatment of Proximal Humeral Fractures - a Review of Current Concepts Enlightened by Basic Principles

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Fractures of the proximal humerus commonly affect elderly patients. The vast majority of proximal humeral fractures result from low-energy trauma in presence of osteoporosis. Incidence of proximal humeral fractures dramatically increased over the last decades. Recent epidemiological studies expect a rather stagnant incidence. Diversity of fracture types attenuates reliability of available classification systems. Even though, predictive morphologic criteria have been detected enabling a prognostic assessment. A short or absent metaphyseal head extension and disruption of the medial periosteal hinge reliably predict ischemia of the humeral head fragment. Still, humeral head necrosis may be prevented in early reduction and fixation. The range of treatment options consists of non-operative therapy, minimal-invasive osteosynthesis, open reduction and plate fixation, intramedullary nailing and primary arthroplasty. Most proximal humeral fractures in the elderly are stable injuries and can be successfully treated by non-operative means. Operative treatment of displaced, unstable fractures should resort to the least invasive procedure providing adequate reduction and fixation stability. To date, open reduction and locking plate osteosynthesis represents the standard operative procedure in displaced three- and four-part fractures. However, a number of risk factors may promote fixation failure or impair functional outcome, most important low local bone mineral density, residual varus displacement of the humeral head, insufficient restoration of medial calcar support, humeral head ischemia and insufficient fracture reduction. Innovation of fixation techniques (e. g. angular stable locking systems and bone augmentation) will further expand indications for operative fracture treatment. Outcome of hemiarthroplasty is closely related to anatomical tuberosity healing and restoration of rotator cuff function. Reverse shoulder arthroplasty may provide satisfactory shoulder function in geriatric patients, rotator cuff dysfunction or failure of first-line treatment. Choice of treatment should be individualized and base on careful evaluation of patient-specific, fracture-specific and surgeon-specific aspects.
The role of course delivery methods in persistence among nontraditional undergraduate students as found in two four-year public institutions

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This dissertation investigated the association of course delivery method with persistence of first-time, beginning, and transfer nontraditional undergraduate students at two public universities over a 6-year period (2009–2015). Research exists on nontraditional undergraduates, nontraditional instructional methods/delivery, and persistence among college students; however, most research does not combine these constructs in the way this dissertation has. This dissertation adds to research on persistence among a little researched, but large and growing, population in higher education, nontraditional students, by examining the association of course delivery methods with their persistence. Analysis of the data sets revealed strong persistence results at Rush (77%) and Southeast (68%), well above persistence for first-time beginning and transfer students entering in Fall 2009 or Spring 2010 at the two institutions, and exceeding rates reported in other studies of nontraditional students. Logistic regression did not support the researcher’s original non-directional hypothesis that course delivery method may be associated with persistence among nontraditional students at these two institutions. This dissertation study adds to research in four ways: (a) inclusion of an institutional lens added contextual data for better understanding of the quantitative result; (b) considering course delivery method as a factor in persistence; (c) providing contrast to the deficit perspective of attrition by focusing on persistence; and (d) adding evidence to the importance of multiple, cross-campus strategies that respond to student needs.
Finite Element Analysis and Structure Optimization of a Gantry-Type High-Precision Machine Tool

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The high-precision machine tool's dynamic, static, and rigid nature directly affects the machining efficiency and surface quality. Static and dynamic analyses are essential for the design and improvement of precision machine tools to ensure good tool performance under difficult and demanding machining conditions. In this study, the performance of a high-precision machine tool was analyzed using its virtual model created using SOLIDWORKS. Static and model analysis using ANSYS Workbench software was conducted to establish the tool's static deformation and static stiffness. Furthermore, the static and dynamic characteristics of the tool were explored using a ﬁnite element modeling approach to study their performance. In particular, the structure, static force, modal, frequency spectrum, and topology optimization of machine tools were primarily analyzed. Using model analysis, we found the first four different frequencies (22.5, 28.9, 40.6, and 47.4 Hz) and vibration type, which suggested of a weak link. Further static structural analysis revealed that the deformation of the spindle was 67.26 μm. An experimental static rigidity analysis was performed, and the experimental deformation values of the tool and spindle were obtained. The static and dynamic characteristics, as well as the accuracy and efficiency of the finite element model, were verified by comparing the data with the Finite Element Analysis (FEA) results. Subsequently, we modified the settings and analysis model to ensure that the analysis results were consistent with the experimental findings. The error between the two results was within 1.56%. For an applied load of 5000 N on the spindle nose, the tool nose transient response was 0.5 s based on transient analysis. Under the condition that the structural deformation is as constant as possible, the lightweight structure may achieve the minimum weight and enhance the natural frequency; thus, the ideal structure will be obtained, and finite element analysis will then be performed. The optimal conditions for topology optimization include a lightweight structure, reduced structural deformation, and increased natural frequency of the structure. The developed method improves structural optimization, increases the ability of the product to be manufactured, and offers designers a variety of price-effective options.
Developing competencies for medical librarians in Pakistan

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Objective To identify competencies for medical librarians and get these validated from head librarians and employers. Methods The survey method was used. A structured questionnaire, listing 84 competency statements, covering eight areas, prepared after extensive literature review, expert scrutiny and pilot testing, using a 5‐point Likert scale was distributed among the head librarians and chairpersons of library committees ( CLC ) in 115 medical libraries. Results Sixty seven (58%) useable responses were received from head librarians and 63 (55%) from CLC . Of the 84 competency statements 83 were validated by the head librarians, 44 receiving four or higher mean score while the other 39 statements getting mean scores in the range of 3.97 and 3.06. The CLC validated 80 statements. Only 27 statements received four or higher mean score from CLC while the other 53 got mean scores in the range of 3.97 and 3.22. Conclusions Medical librarians are required to be well versed with all those competencies which are needed for general librarianship. In addition, they are expected to have adequate knowledge of health sciences environment including medical terminologies and concepts. Sound knowledge of some competencies specific for medical libraries is an additional requirement for library personnel.