jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
On the influence of shallow geothermal energy on the behaviour of contaminants of emerging concern

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

&lt;p&gt;Pressure over water resources is increasing rapidly as a result of climate change and growing population. In this context, urban aquifers emerge as a valuable resource of fresh-water for cities. However, the quality of urban groundwater is degraded due to the presence of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) that reach continuously urban aquifers from different recharge sources. The effects of CECs are largely unknown, but it is expected that they pose a risk for human health, soil, plants and animals. CECs are naturally degraded in aquifers and their degradation rates depend on the physico-chemical conditions (i.e., redox conditions and water temperature) of the groundwater, which may vary as a result of anthropogenic activities. Therefore, it is needed to establish the impact of anthropogenic activities on CECs to determine their behaviour under modified and variable physico-chemical conditions and allow the safely use of urban groundwater. One of these anthropogenic activities that potentially modify the physico-chemical conditions is the use of the subsurface to obtain cooling and heating energy through low-enthalpy geothermal energy (LEGE) systems. LEGE is a renewable and carbon-free energy whose utilization is currently growing. Thus, it is expected that in a near future the density of LEGE systems will increase over most cities. Then, our objective is to determine the impact of LEGE systems on the behaviour of CECs.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;We have investigated the behaviour of CECs under the influence of LEGE by means of numerical models and considering different representative scenarios. The results show that the physico-chemical variations induced by LEGE systems modify notably the degradation rates of CECs, and thus, their concentrations on the downgradient side. Our results have significant implications for predicting the behaviour of CECs in urban aquifers and suggest the possibility of specifically design LEGE systems to improve in a passive way the quality of urban groundwater by eliminating CECs.&lt;/p&gt;
A Role-Based Access Control Kernel for

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper looks at the traditional Unix security models, and introduces the Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) security model, a much more finely-grained operation and capability system already deployed in some versions of Trusted Solaris and AIX 6. The development model is discussed, along with various approaches to bringing RBAC kernels to a modern BSD kernel. Some implementation details are then described, and lessons learned from these implementation details are discussed. Finally, the RBAC kernel itself is shown in operation, other systems are compared, and areas for future research are identified. 1.
Timeliness in Selected Structural Credit Risk Models

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

We empirically investigate and evaluate various approaches to structurally assess credit risk changes using a panel of selected European banking groups. The objective is to evaluate the models according to one metric, i.e., their ability to correctly and timely identify changes in credit risk indicators useful for macroprudential policy. We consider not only the standard approaches in the literature, but also include models that allow the asset volatility to be stochastic and models that allow for short- and long-term components of default risk. Surprisingly, we find that the GARCH structural credit risk model, despite its more sophisticated modeling approach, typically underperforms more basic models. Importantly for macro-prudential policy, combining the Merton model with the GARCH-MIDAS model performs best and reflects important market events earlier than the other approaches.
They still like to get a letter – Patient preference for follow-up after radiofrequency ablation for atrial fibrillation

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: Several studies have shown that phone calls are an effective but resource-intensive follow-up (FU) method to collect patient reported data (PROM) after discharge from hospital. No studies regarding FU methods are available for patients treated by radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for atrial fibrillation (AF). We wanted to examine the recent practice and resource needs for telephone contact.Method: In a 4-month period, we called 167 patients scheduled for RFA of AF on their mobile telephones. We registered the number of attempts needed to reach patients (maximum 3 times). In addition to medical issues, 70 of the patients were asked how they would like to answer FU questions after RFA.Results: Of the 167 patients, we received 96 responses (57%) on the first dialling attempt, 35 responses (21.%) on the second dialling attempt and no responses (n=36) on the third dialling attempt (22%). Of the 167 patients, 131 (78.4%) responded. Of these 167 patients, 135 were men. Regarding patient preference for FU, 50 (71.4%) favoured a questionnaire with a stamped return envelope. Conclusion: As in other patient groups, we demonstrate that telephone FU in AF patients is a resource-intensive task. For sufficient data quality, a higher response rate is required.Conclusion: As in other patient groups, we demonstrate that telephone FU in AF patients is a resource-intensive task. For sufficient data quality, a higher response rate is required.
Genomic Characterization of LIGHT Reveals Linkage to an Immune Response Locus on Chromosome 19p13.3 and Distinct Isoforms Generated by Alternate Splicing or Proteolysis

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract LIGHT is a member of the TNF cytokine superfamily that signals through the lymphotoxin (LT)β receptor and the herpesvirus entry mediator. LIGHT may function as a costimulatory factor for the activation of lymphoid cells and as a deterrent to infection by herpesvirus, which may provide significant selective pressure shaping the evolution of LIGHT. Here, we define the molecular genetics of the human LIGHT locus, revealing its close linkage to the TNF superfamily members CD27 ligand and 4-1BB ligand, and the third complement protein (C3), which positions LIGHT within the MHC paralog on chromosome 19p13.3. An alternately spliced isoform of LIGHT mRNA that encodes a transmembrane-deleted form is detected in activated T cells and gives rise to a nonglycosylated protein that resides in the cytosol. Furthermore, membrane LIGHT is shed from the cell surface of human 293 T cells. These studies reveal new mechanisms involved in regulating the physical forms and cellular compartmentalization of LIGHT that may contribute to the regulation and biological function of this cytokine.
Regional integration in Latin America: critical perspectives in the time of populism

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This introduction explores the paradox of Latin America’s weak regional integration despite its shared linguistic, historical, and cultural ties, alongside strong public support for cooperation. It situates this regional challenge within broader global trends, contrasting Latin America’s fluctuating and fragile integration efforts with the more institutionalised and sustained regionalism observed in other regions around the world. The discussion focuses on the role of populism, examining how it influences integration by fostering collective action but, at times, prioritising national sovereignty over supranational commitments. The introduction also considers the historical legacies of colonialism, socio-economic inequalities, and competing ideologies – such as Pan-Americanism and Latin Americanism – that shape these dynamics. By addressing key questions regarding the influence of populism on integration processes and examining case studies across different contexts, this special issue provides a timely intervention into debates about the relationship between populism and regional integration. It offers new perspectives on how ideologies, power structures, social forces, and historical legacies have shaped integration processes in Latin America while connecting these developments to global patterns of regional cooperation.
Hicks, John Richard (1904–1989)

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Hicks was born in Warwick. He studied at Oxford (1922–6) and taught at the London School of Economics (1926–35). He was Professor at Manchester University (1935–46) from where he moved to Oxford, first as Fellow of Nuffield College, and from 1952 until he retired, from teaching but not from writing, as Drummond Professor of Political Economy and Fellow of All Souls College. In 1935 he married Ursula Webb, a distinguished public finance specialist, and he collaborated with her in the preparation of numerous works on public finance, its theory and its application to various countries. Ursula Hicks, as she was subsequently known, died in 1985. John Hicks was a member of the Royal Commission on the Taxation of Profits and Income in 1951. He became a Fellow of the British Academy in 1942, a Knight in 1964 and was awarded the Nobel Prize in Economics (jointly with Kenneth J. Arrow) in 1972. He died in 1989.
Classical 'Ud Music in Egypt with Special Reference to Maqamat

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

rabic music is part of the Middle Eastern musical culture area which stretches roughly from Morocco across North Africa and Northern Arabia to Central Asia.1 This culture area is divided into subareas, each constituting major musical subcultures, such as: the Maghreb (Morocco, Tunisia, Algeria), Egypt, Arabia (Palestine, Syria, Iraq), Iran, Turkey, Armenia, Afghanistan, and Central Asia (Spector 1967:434-84). Although each of the subareas have developed distinct styles of their own, differing in particulars from each other, they do agree in general on the following musical traits and complexes: microtones, rich ornamentation, maqamat, homophony, heterophony, improvisation, complex rhythms, meters and instruments. While Arabs in some parts of Africa (e.g. the Sudan) make music on Arabic instruments like the 'ud or employ Arabic texts and Koranic derived poetry, the music itself cannot always be considered Arabic, since it is often pentatonic, unornamented, with a contour and range of melody which has to be considered African rather than Arabic. Furthermore, there is often a tendency toward harmony and polyphony which are totally absent in contemporary Arabic music. To what extent native African music influenced or changed Arabic traditions can be ascertained only by comparing African music of a given region with its own Arabic subculture, and subsequently with the Arab music in the centers of the Arab world (Cairo, Baghdad and Damascus). Classical Arab music as practiced in the culture areas of Egypt and Arabia (Palestine, Syria and Iraq) is based on microtones. This music is taught most often on the instrument par excellence, the short-necked Arab lute called 'al 'ud in Arabic.2 The 'ud is an early lute, shaped like a halved pear, with two to eight strings, unfretted and played with a plectrum, in Egypt an eagle feather. The 'ud first appeared on Persian clay figures from about 800 B.C.E. and on Indian reliefs from the first centuries C.E. The great Arabic scholar 'al-Farabi (870-950) described its usage in detail.3 The 'ud was brought to Spain and Sicily by the Moors and Saracens and from there it entered Europe. Its name was changed from 'al 'ud to Alaude in Portugal, to La'ud in Spain, to Laute in Germany and to Lute in England. It became the most important instrument in Europe in the 16th century. It was superseded in importance only by the piano.
A NEW CARABUS AND CYCHRUS, WITH MISCELLANEOUS NOTES ON COLEOPTERA

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Among a large series of Coleoptera collected by Mr. C.H. T. Townsend in the northwestern part of Mexico and forwarded to some years ago, I not an interesting new Carabus, which may be described as follows:- Carabus Townsendi , n. sp.—Somewhat similar to Forreri, Bates— Ann. & Mag., N. Hist, ser. 5 IX, p.320— from Durango, but narrower in form, the elytra having similarly close-set unimpressed series of very minute punctures but having each only two sereis of larger, widely-spaced, impressed foveæ, the inner of the three series of Forreri being wholly absolete, the middle series only present in basal half and the outer extending only to apical fourth, the lateral margin more narrowly reflexed and with bluish reflection. Length, 21 mm.; width, 9 mm.
Material efficiency strategies to reducing greenhouse gas emissions associated with buildings, vehicles, and electronics—a review

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

As one quarter of global energy use serves the production of materials, the more efficient use of these materials presents a significant opportunity for the mitigation of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. With the renewed interest of policy makers in the circular economy, material efficiency (ME) strategies such as light-weighting and downsizing of and lifetime extension for products, reuse and recycling of materials, and appropriate material choice are being promoted. Yet, the emissions savings from ME remain poorly understood, owing in part to the multitude of material uses and diversity of circumstances and in part to a lack of analytical effort. We have reviewed emissions reductions from ME strategies applied to buildings, cars, and electronics. We find that there can be a systematic trade-off between material use in the production of buildings, vehicles, and appliances and energy use in their operation, requiring a careful life cycle assessment of ME strategies. We find that the largest potential emission reductions quantified in the literature result from more intensive use of and lifetime extension for buildings and the light-weighting and reduced size of vehicles. Replacing metals and concrete with timber in construction can result in significant GHG benefits, but trade-offs and limitations to the potential supply of timber need to be recognized. Repair and remanufacturing of products can also result in emission reductions, which have been quantified only on a case-by-case basis and are difficult to generalize. The recovery of steel, aluminum, and copper from building demolition waste and the end-of-life vehicles and appliances already results in the recycling of base metals, which achieves significant emission reductions. Higher collection rates, sorting efficiencies, and the alloy-specific sorting of metals to preserve the function of alloying elements while avoiding the contamination of base metals are important steps to further reduce emissions.
Safety assessment of Sauropus androgynus L Merr.in vitro

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

OBJECTIVE:The cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of Sauropus androgynus L.Merr.(SA)was assessed using human cell lines MRC-5 and Hep G2 in vitro.METHODS:MRC-5 and Hep G2 cells were treated with uncooked SA homogenate at 1450,725,363,181,90.6,45.3,22.6,11.3 mg/ml for 24 h.Then the cytotoxicity was studied using the neutral red intake test and the 50%inhibition concentration(IC_(50))was obtained.According to the cytotoxicity results,Hep G2 cells were treated with SA at 72.5,36.3,18.1 mg/ml,and in vitro micronuclei(MN) incidence was analysed.The number of cells with MN was recorded and the frequency was calculated.RESULTS:IC_(50) was 133.1 mg/ml in MRC-5 cells and 185.1 mg/ml in Hep G2 cells which were all treated for 24 h with SA.The cytotoxicity of SA on MRC-5 cells originated from human lung was more severe than Hep G2 cells originated from human liver.There was no significant difference between the groups of various SA concentrations and the negative control(P0.05) in Hep G2 cell micronuelei test.CONCLUSION:SA homogenate could selectively damage MRC-5 cells originated from human lung,compared to Hep G2 cells originated from human liver.No obvious damage to genetic materials could be observed in Hep G2 cells.
Brief Report: Medication Sharing Is Rare Among African HIV-1 Serodiscordant Couples Enrolled in an Efficacy Trial of Oral Pre-exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV-1 Prevention

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract: Sharing of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) medications is a concern for PrEP implementation. For HIV-1 serodiscordant couples, sharing may undermine the HIV-1 prevention benefit and also cause antiretroviral resistance if taken by HIV-1 infected partners. Within a PrEP efficacy trial among HIV-1 serodiscordant couples, we assessed the occurrence of PrEP sharing by self-report and plasma tenofovir concentrations in HIV-1 infected partners. PrEP sharing was self-reported at <0.01% of visits, and 0%–1.6% of randomly selected and 0% of purposively selected specimens from HIV-1 infected participants had detectable tenofovir concentrations (median: 66.5 ng/mL, range: 1.3–292 ng/mL). PrEP sharing within HIV-1 serodiscordant couples was extremely rare.
Motion of subfragment-1 in myosin and its supramolecular complexes: saturation transfer electron paramagnetic resonance.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Molecular dynamics in spin-labeled muscle proteins was studied with a recently developed electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) technique, saturation transfer spectroscopy, which is uniquely sensitive to rotational motion in the range of 10(-7)-10(-3) sec. Rotational correlation time (tau2) were determined for a spin label analog of iodoacetamide bound to the subfragment-1 (S-1) region of myosin under a variety of conditions likely to shed light on the molecular mechanism of muscle contraction. Results show that (a) the spin labels are rigidly bound to the isolated S-1 (tau2 = 2 x 10(-7) sec) and can be used to estimate values of tau2 for the S-1 region of the myosin molecule; (b) in solutions of intact myosin, S-1 has considerable mobility relative to the rest of the myosin molecule, the value of tau2 for the S-1 segment of myosin being less than twice that for isolated S-1, while the molecular weights differ by a factor of 4 to 5; (c) in myosin filaments, tau2 increases by a factor of only about 10, suggesting motion of the S-1 regions independent of the backbone of the myosin filament, but slower than that in a single molecule; (d) addition of F-actin to solutions of myosin or S-1 increases tau2 by a factor of nearly 10(3), indicating strong immobilization of S-1 upon binding to actin. Saturation transfer spectroscopy promises to provide an extremely useful tool for the study of the motions of the crossbridges and thin filaments in reconstituted systems and in glycerinated muscle fibers.
A Lightweight Deep Learning Model for Tea Leaf Disease Identification

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Tea is a globally important economic crop, and the ability to quickly and accurately identify tea leaf diseases can significantly improve both the yield and quality of tea production. With advances in deep learning, many recent studies have demonstrated that convolutional neural networks are both feasible and effective for identifying tea leaf diseases. In this paper, we propose a modified EfficientNetB0 lightweight convolutional neural network, enhanced with the ECA module, to reliably identify various tea leaf diseases. We used two tea leaf disease datasets from the Kaggle platform: the Tea_Leaf_Disease dataset, which contains six categories, and the teaLeafBD dataset, which includes seven categories. Experimental results show that our method substantially reduces computational costs, the number of parameters, and overall model size. Additionally, it achieves accuracies of 99.49% and 90.73% on these widely used datasets, making it highly suitable for practical deployment on resource-constrained edge devices.
Trusted artificial intelligence

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper we discuss the problem of creating trusted artificial intelligence (AI) technologies. Modern AI is based on machine learning and neural networks and is vulnerable to biases and errors. Efforts are made to establish standards for the development of trusted AI technologies, but they have not yet succeeded. AI technologies trust can only be achieved with the appropriate scientific and technological base and corresponding tools and techniques for countering attacks. We present the ISP RAS Trusted AI Research Center results and propose a work model that can ensure technological independence and long-term sustainable development in this area.
Clinical Features Associated with the Jaw Winking Syndrome

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Because of the prevalence of elevation deficiency, one should pay special attention to the extraocular motility pattern when examining a patient with the jaw winking phenomenon. Additionally, one should be aware that amblyopia is common especially in the patients with associated strabismus and/ or anisometropia. The documented association of the jaw winking with Duane syndrome as well as the similar laterality and sex distribution data are an interesting phenomenon.
High Levels of Met-72 Antigen Expression: Correlation With Metastatic Activity of B6 Melanoma Tumor Cell Variants<xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2">2</xref>

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

In the present study, both poorly and highly metastatic clones derived from the C57BL/6 mouse B16 melanoma were used with cyclophosphamide in an attempt to elicit host antibody responses against cell surface markers expressed on highly metastatic tumor variants. The immunizations, performed in both syngeneic and xenogeneic combinations in Lewis rats, resulted in the production of 3 mouse and 2 rat monoclonal antibodies (MoAb) that preferentially react with highly metastatic clones derived from the B16 melanoma. These MoAb all immunoprecipitated a 72,000-dalton, cell surface-expressed glycoprotein, referred to as Met-72. In this study, 2 of the mouse anti-Met-72 MoAb were examined in detail for a) tumor specificity, b) reactivity against normal mouse tissue by in vivo absorption, and c) their ability to discriminate highly metastatic clones derived from the B16 melanoma.
Solitonic solutions of Faddeev model

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

An application of the equation proposed by the present authors, which is equivalent to the static field equation of the Faddeev model, is discussed. Under some assumptions on the space and on the form of the solution, the field equation is reduced to a non-linear ODE of second order. By solving this equation numerically, some solitonic solutions are obtained. It is discussed that the product of two integers specifying solutions may be identified with the Hopf topological invariant.