jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy versus endoscopical intra-gastric balloon placement: early results of morbidly obese patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aim: Endoscopic intra-gastric balloon (IGB) placement and laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) are widely used treatment modalities for weight loss in patients with morbid obesity. The aim of our study was to evaluate the results of these two methods in patients with morbid obesity.Material and Methods: The data of 119 patients who were treated during the same time period for morbid obesity (Body Mass Index (BMI) ≥40 kg/m2) and completed a 12-month follow-up period were evaluated retrospectively. The study comprised twenty patients who underwent IGB placement and 99 LSG patients. Patients from these two groups were compared according to their demographic data; rate of comorbidity; weight and BMI changes both preoperatively and postoperatively at the 12 months; excess weight loss (EWL); and excess BMI loss (EBL).Results: Evaluation of postoperative 12th month weights showed a mean weight of 119.2 ±28.5 kg in the IGB group and 78.9 ±12.9 kg in the LSG group (p&amp;lt;0.001). The patients in the IGB group had lost 26.3 ±12.8 kg by the end of the 12th month, while patients in the LSG group had lost 45.35 ±12.2 kg (p&amp;lt;0.001). EWL recorded at the postoperative 12th month was 33.42 ±9.2 % in the IGB group and 67.68 ±14.9 % in the LSG group (p&amp;lt;0.001); EBL% at the postoperative 12th month was 41 ±17.3% in the IGB group and 81.48 ±18.8% in the LSG group (p&amp;lt;0.001). Conclusion: In patients with morbid obesity, endoscopic IGB placement may still be preferred as an effective and safe alternative in patients who decline or are unsuitable for surgery.
Comparison of 5-Hour ENERGY and Caffeine on Cognitive Performance and Subjective Feelings in Young Men and Women

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Background: Perhaps the most ubiquitous example of energy shots is the product known as 5-Hour ENERGY. With caffeine being the primary ingredient, it has been hypothesized that the claimed effects of this product are due in most part to the caffeine content, estimated to be ∼200 mg. Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the effects of 5-Hour ENERGY to caffeine only, as well as to a placebo, on subjective feelings of energy and mood, objective measures of cognitive performance, heart rate, and blood pressure in men and women. Methods: Ten healthy men (Mage=22.7±1.1 years) and 10 healthy women (Mage=22.1±0.4 years) ingested either 5-Hour ENERGY, caffeine only (200 mg), or a placebo on three different days, separated by ∼1 week using a randomized design. Before and at 1, 3, and 5 h following ingestion of the assigned condition, subjects completed a subjective assessment of energy and mood, as well as tests of cognitive performance (Trail Making Test, Digit Symbol Substitution Test). Heart rate and blood pressure were measured. Results: Neither caffeine nor 5-Hour ENERGY resulted in an improvement in subjective feelings or in objective cognitive performance. Heart rate was not impacted by treatment, but blood pressure (diastolic in particular) was elevated (∼4–10 mmHg) with caffeine and 5-Hour ENERGY. Conclusion: These data indicate that in a controlled laboratory environment, subjective feelings and cognitive performance are not impacted by caffeine or 5-Hour ENERGY. Heart rate is unaffected by treatment, and blood pressure increases in a minor and similar manner with both 5-Hour ENERGY and caffeine.
IDENTITY AND TECHNOLOGY INTEGRATION IN AN EFL CONTEXT: A STUDY OF EGYPTIAN TEACHERS AND ADULT LEARNERS

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Globalization and the advent of technology have compelled many Egyptians to master the English language to participate in an increasingly competitive knowledge-centered global economy. Therefore, the demand for English language classes has been increasing in Egypt in recent years. However, English language classes alone may not guarantee that learners become technologically competent to master 21st century skills. Therefore, one purpose of this qualitative case study is to examine how Egyptian EFL teachers and Egyptian EFL adult learners utilize technology and digital resources in teaching and learning English to promote autonomous learning and 21st century skills. The study also explores the participants’ attitudes towards technology integration in the classroom and the growing importance of digital and multimodal literacies. Because the English language has played an important role in the Egyptian culture since the 1950s, its mastery is part and parcel of their identity formation as Egyptians and users of the language. Being aware of this role, the study explores how the participants perceive the English language in Egypt and how they construct their identities as English language speakers. Because there is a connection between language and technological practices (Warschauer, 2002), the study also investigates how the participants perceive themselves as users of technology to teach or learn English. Participants are 4 EFL Egyptian teachers and 3 EFL adult Egyptian learners. The study was conducted in an adult language center in Alexandria, Egypt. Data was collected through semi structured interviews and field notes. Findings indicate that social media sites and visual tech are the most common technological practices among teachers and learners. The use of the English language was indexical for power and prestige and had significant implications for how the participants constructed their identities as users of English and technology.\nAdvisor: Loukia Sarroub
Optical NDT of composite materials

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

B338: Optical NDT of composite materials investigates the usage of non-destructive testing(NDT) method as a means to detect defects within composite materials. Shearography is one of the non-destructive testing methods being employed to detect defects in composites. It employs coherent light to measure the displacement derivatives caused by subsurface defects. In order to detect these defects, deformations or strains in the materials have to be created. These deformations are achieved through various methods such as thermal, vibration or physical loadings. These deformations are than captured by the shearography system through the use of CCD cameras. The images captured would be processed by software algorithms and thus giving us useful information on the subsurface defects in the materials. Composite materials are the combination of two or more materials with different physical or chemical properties. The combined materials give us the properties we desire. However defects in these composites can be difficult to measure and detect with conventional NDT techniques due to non-homogeneity of the combined materials. Shearography is able to detect these defects in the composites as well as giving a faster response time as compared to the other NDT techniques such as ultrasonic. Shearography is targeted toward the aerospace industry where competition is high and speed is of essence. Therefore, high-speed inspection systems are necessary. However, since Shearography is a comparatively new technique, more research has to be conducted to explore the extent of this technique. In this paper, the author will investigate the use of the shearography system to inspect manufactured defects in composites. The results of the investigation will be cataloged for further studies.
Jōyō kanji as core building blocks of the Japanese writing system

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The architecture of writing systems metaphor has special relevance for understanding the structural nature of the Japanese writing system, and, more specifically, for appreciating how the 2,136 kanji of the 常用漢字表 /jō-yō-kan-ji-hyō/* ‘List of characters for general use’ function as the core building blocks in the orthographic representation of a considerable proportion of the Japanese lexicon. In seeking to illuminate the multiple layers of internal structure within Japanese kanji, the Japanese lexicon, and the Japanese writing system, the paper draws on insights and observations gained from an ongoing project to construct a large-scale Japanese lexical database system. Reflecting structural distinctions within the database, the paper consists of three main sections addressing the different structural levels of kanji components, jōyō kanji, and the lexicon. Keywords: Japanese writing system; building blocks; jōyō kanji; components; orthographic structure; database
Silica-Based Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Nanomaterials: Synthesis, Functionalization and Applications in the Field of Catalysis

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

"Currently the field of nanocatalysis is undergoing many exciting developments and the design of silica-based organic-inorganic hybrid nanocatalysts is a key focus of the researchers working in this field. This book aims to present a succinct overview of the recent research progress directed towards the fabrication of silica-based organic-inorganic hybrid catalytic systems encompassing the key advantages of silica nanoparticles and silica-coated magnetic nanoparticles in an integrated manner. Featuring comprehensive descriptions of almost all approaches utilized for the synthesis of nanomaterials including some latest techniques such as flow and microwave-assisted synthesis that enable large-scale synthesis, it proves useful not only to academics but also industrialists. It also includes a systematic discussion on the vital characterization techniques employed for authenticating the structure of these. The title also offers an enormous amount of knowledge about the fusion of nanotechnology with green chemistry that strives to meet the scientific challenges of protecting human health and the environment."--
Perspective on the future of nature in Europe : impacts and combinations

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Halting biodiversity loss and restoring ecosystems in the EU requires substantial action, in addition to measures currently implemented under the Birds and Habitats Directives. A closer connection between societal preferences and nature policy may enhance people’s engagement in nature-related efforts. However, people all have their own view on nature. In PBL’s Nature Outlook study, four ‘perspectives’ on nature in 2050 were explored to capture these differing views (Dammers et al., 2017; Van Zeijts et al., 2017). The perspectives cover a range of guiding values, expressing how people relate to nature and what interventions they would prefer to improve nature conservation. In this report, these interventions have been translated to a resulting state of the landscape regarding land use, land management and environmental conditions at the EU scale, in order to study their impact on biodiversity and ecosystem services in 2050. Moreover, potential synergies and conflicts between the various perspectives provide insight for policymakers into the possibilities for including various views on nature in policy-making, and may help set an agenda for nature policies beyond 2020. The four perspectives explored are: Strengthening Cultural Identity, in which people feel connected with nature and the landscape, and consider this an integral part of their local and regional communities and as essential to a fulfilling life; Allowing Nature to find its Way, in which people feel strongly about the great intrinsic value of nature, where nature is defined by dynamic processes and should be left to its own devices; Going with the Economic Flow, in which nature suits people’s lifestyles, and businesses and citizens take the initiative in nature development; Working with Nature, in which people try to use natural processes and strive for optimal, long-term delivery of ecosystem services, for the benefit of both society and the economy.
Imposter syndrome: Narrative review with recommendations

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The impostor "syndrome" refers to the false internal belief that one's esteemed positions and achievements are not because of their own competencies, but because of some external factor or stroke of luck and this feeling makes people feel like frauds or "impostors." Imposter syndrome is also associated with anxiety, psychological distress, and depression. Moreover the COVID-19 Pandemic has led to an increase in feelings of imposter syndrome.47% of workers around the world reported feelings of imposter syndrome since 2020.
Quartz Crystal Microbalance-Based Aptasensors for Medical Diagnosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aptamers are important materials for the specific determination of different disease-related biomarkers. Several methods have been enhanced to transform selected target molecule-specific aptamer bindings into measurable signals. A number of specific aptamer-based biosensors have been designed for potential applications in clinical diagnostics. Various methods in combination with a wide variety of nano-scale materials have been employed to develop aptamer-based biosensors to further increase sensitivity and detection limit for related target molecules. In this critical review, we highlight the advantages of aptamers as biorecognition elements in biosensors for target biomolecules. In recent years, it has been demonstrated that electrode material plays an important role in obtaining quick, label-free, simple, stable, and sensitive detection in biological analysis using piezoelectric devices. For this reason, we review the recent progress in growth of aptamer-based QCM biosensors for medical diagnoses, including virus, bacteria, cell, protein, and disease biomarker detection.
Asthmatic for Adenotonsillectomy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Asthma is a chronic reversible pulmonary condition. It is the most common respiratory disease as it affects 6 million to 9 million children in the United States. The patient with asthma can experience reversible bronchoconstriction, airway inflammation, airway hyperresponsivness, and increased mucus production. Inflammation is the fundamental abnormality. This dynamic process exists on a spectrum of mild, moderate, or severe. Patients may exhibit expiratory wheezing, obstruction to expiration, and/or inspiration, cough, and respiratory distress. Given the prevalence of asthma and its potential for significant morbidity and mortality, it is important that the anesthesiologist be able to determine the severity of disease and prevent and/or treat bronchospasm.
Time to Appendectomy: A Review of Disparities in Time to Appendectomy at a Midwest Hospital System

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

INTRODUCTION: Previous studies have indicated that Black patients wait longer for appendectomies after arrival to the hospital for appendicitis. Our study investigated whether race and ethnicity-related discrepancies in time to appendectomy exist at a Midwest institution. METHODS: All appendectomies from July 2022 to September 2023 at The University of Kansas Health System were analyzed. Using chart review, patient records were organized by self-reported race and ethnicity. Time from emergency department arrival to surgery start was determined for each patient, and the average elapsed time was calculated in minutes for each category. RESULTS: Our study included 119 patients who presented to this institution’s emergency department and subsequently underwent appendectomy. Of these, 64 identified as White and 55 identified as non-White or Multiracial. Additionally, 77 identified as non-Hispanic and 40 identified as Hispanic. On average, appendectomies occurred after 832.5 minutes and 875.1 minutes, respectively, for White patients and Multiracial patients. For Hispanic versus non-Hispanic patients, average time to appendectomy was 841.9 minutes and 861.2 minutes respectively. Results showed no significant difference between White and non-White groups (p = 0.2769) or Hispanic and non-Hispanic groups (p = 0.3119). CONCLUSIONS: Results showed no indication of disparity in time to appendectomy between patients who identified as White and patients of other races, as well as between patients identifying as Hispanic and non-Hispanic, as the time differences between groups was neither clinically significant nor statistically significant. We hope this study will serve as a reminder of the importance of providing equitable care for all patients.
Large larvae of a flush-feeding moth (Epirrita autumnata, Lepidoptera: Geometridae) are not at a higher risk of parasitism: implications for the moth's life-history

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The effect of larval body size of Epirrita autumnata (Lepidoptera, Geometridae) on the risk of parasitism was studied in a field experiment. The experiment involved three pairwise exposures of different larval instars to parasitoids. Three hymenopteran species were responsible for most of the parasitism. Parasitism risk was found to be host-instar independent. This result was consistent across parasitoid species and experiments. The results suggest that host use by larval parasitoids cannot constrain selection for larger body size in E. autumnata. However, high mortality due to parasitism may select for a short developmental period (the slow-growth/high-mortality hypothesis), and smaller body sizes as a by-product. A strong selective effect of parasitism on the timing of larval development in E. autumnata is also unlikely. The larger was the host, the larger was the adult size of the parasitoid and the shorter its development time (for one species). We suggest that the lack of a preference-performance linkage in the system studied may be related to the time stress associated with the short phenological window of host vulnerability.
Self‐Assembly of an Unlikely Occurring Quadrangular Tube by Modulating Intramolecular Forces

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract One of the central focuses in self‐assembly is precisely controlling the self‐assembly pathway so that the target molecules can be produced exclusively. Trans ‐1,2‐cyclohexanediamine contains two amino units that form a 60° angle when projected on a plane. This angle naturally favors the formation of triangular products in most cases when trans ‐1,2‐cyclohexanediamine is used as a bisamino building block in the synthesis of macrocycles and tubes. Here, we synthesized a slightly bent tetraformyl precursor bearing a central dibenzothiophene moiety, whose 3,7‐positions are functionalized with two m ‐phthalaldehyde units. We observed that combining this tetraformyl building block with trans ‐1,2‐cyclohexanediamine yielded a quadrangular tube when the concentrations of the precursors were relatively high. Both experimental measurements and theoretical calculations indicate that the formation of this unlikely occurring quadrangular product was driven by the intramolecular C−H⋅⋅⋅π interactions between the dibenzothiophene building blocks within the tube framework. This driving force, however, was disturbed in the triangular tube, a smaller counterpart whose formation was considered previously much more thermodynamically favored. These results improved our fundamental understanding on how to create those products whose syntheses are considered difficult or impossible, by modulating the intramolecular driving forces.
Influencing Factors and Improvement Path of Academic Engagement among College Students in the Context of Epidemic Prevention and Control

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Objective: The implementation of online teaching in the context of epidemic prevention and control has had an impact on the learning engagement of college students to some extent. This study aims to investigate the mechanisms that influence perceived social support and health behaviors on learning engagement, so as to make college students more focused on their studies by improving their physical and mental health as well as their ability to perceive social support. Methods: A total of 538 college students from Henan Province, China, were studied using the Perceived Social Support Scale, Health Behavior Scale and Learning Engagement Scale, and the data were analyzed by IBM SPSS Amos 26.0 software (IBM SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Results: (1) The level of health behavior among college students was positively correlated with perceived social support ability (β = 0.289, p < 0.001); both perceived social support and health behaviors predicted college students’ learning engagement significantly (β = 0.200, p < 0.01; β = 0.406, p < 0.001). (2) College students’ perceived social support partially mediated the relationship between health behaviors and learning engagement. Conclusion: One of the main ways to improve college students’ learning engagement is to improve their health behavior and perceived social support. This study contributes to a better understanding of the relationships between health behaviors and learning engagement, as well as to the development of interventions to improve learning engagement among college students.
Gene Silencing of BnTT10 Family Genes Causes Retarded Pigmentation and Lignin Reduction in the Seed Coat of

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Yellow-seed (i.e., yellow seed coat) is one of the most important agronomic traits of Brassica plants, which is correlated with seed oil and meal qualities. Previous studies on the Brassicaceae, including Arabidopsis and Brassica species, proposed that the seed-color trait is correlative to flavonoid and lignin biosynthesis, at the molecular level. In Arabidopsis thaliana, the oxidative polymerization of flavonoid and biosynthesis of lignin has been demonstrated to be catalyzed by laccase 15, a functional enzyme encoded by the AtTT10 gene. In this study, eight Brassica TT10 genes (three from B. napus, three from B. rapa and two from B. oleracea) were isolated and their roles in flavonoid oxidation/polymerization and lignin biosynthesis were investigated. Based on our phylogenetic analysis, these genes could be divided into two groups with obvious structural and functional differentiation. Expression studies showed that Brassica TT10 genes are active in developing seeds, but with differential expression patterns in yellow- and black-seeded near-isogenic lines. For functional analyses, three black-seeded B. napus cultivars were chosen for transgenic studies. Transgenic B. napus plants expressing antisense TT10 constructs exhibited retarded pigmentation in the seed coat. Chemical composition analysis revealed increased levels of soluble proanthocyanidins, and decreased extractable lignin in the seed coats of these transgenic plants compared with that of the controls. These findings indicate a role for the Brassica TT10 genes in proanthocyanidin polymerization and lignin