jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Ministers of the Crown and the British Constitution

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Notwithstanding the vital importance of the cabinet, it has been one of the anomalies of British government that this institution has heretofore been unknown to English constitutional law. Writers have said correctly that “neither Parliament nor the courts have provided for the cabinet and the prime minister. The whole system of cabinet government is founded not on laws but on practices …” However, this view can no longer be held. In the session of Parliament concluded recently, an act was passed which laid down new principles pertaining to the executive. The cabinet, the prime minister, and the ministers of the crown have at last been recognized by statute and have been given a status in British constitutional law.
The use of anti-transglutaminase and anti-gliadin antibodies to compare the effect of gluten active and gluten-free diet patients suffering from celiac disease in child and adult

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder triggered by the ingestion of gluten in genetically susceptible individuals. The current study aimed to compare the levels of these antibodies in celiac disease patients on active gluten-containing diets and those on gluten-free diets to demonstrate the ability to get rid of Celiac Disease by Gluten-Free Diet. The study involved 100 participants, divided into 60 CD patients and 40 controls, where all participant match in age and gender. The patient group was further divided into two subgroups 40 active celiac and 20 GFD. Blood samples were obtained from all participants, and levels of anti-tTG and anti-gliadin antibodies were using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) technology. The results showed The F test indicated a significant difference in the levels of anti-tTG and anti-gliadin antibodies between the active group (G1) and the diet group (G2) in comparison to the control group (G3), with a p-value less than 0.001. Upon conducting a deeper analysis using the least significant difference (LSD) on on anti-tTG IgA and IgG indicate that there are no significant differences between the patient groups G1 and G2, as evidenced by p-values of 0.120 for IgA. However, a significant difference was observed between G1 and G2 for IgG, with a p-value of 0.018. When comparing G1 with G3, and G2 with G3, significant differences were observed, with p-values less than 0.001. In the case of anti-gliadin IgA and IgG, the LSD test revealed a highly significant difference between G1 and G2, as indicated by a p-value less than 0.001. However, no significant differences were found between G1 and G3, with p-values of 0.499 for IgA and 0.110 for IgG. A highly significant difference was none the less observed between G2 and G3, with a p-value less than 0.001.In conclusion, This study highlights the importance of dietary adherence in celiac disease management. Patients on gluten-free diets had significantly lower levels of anti-TG and anti-gliadin antibodies, indicating better control of the autoimmune response. Monitoring these antibody levels can be a valuable tool in assessing the effectiveness of dietary interventions in celiac disease patients.
Effects of heat treatments on the safety and nutritional properties of whole grain barley

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Health claims for barley β-glucan (BG) have prompted the development of more food products using barley. Some new products do not use any form of heat treatment which could become an issue as barley has been found to have high microbial contamination. The aim of this research was to evaluate current commercial barley products for microbial and BG quality and determine the effects of different heat treatments on the safety and physicochemical properties of BG of whole grain barley. Three heat treatments (micronization, roasting and conditioning) were performed on 3 cultivars of barley (CDC Rattan, CDC McGwire and CDC Fibar). The microbial quality was measured with standard plate count (SPC), yeast and mould (MYC), and coliforms/E. coli. Only 4 of the 17 commercial barley products tested met acceptable microbial limits used in this study. All 3 heat treatments reduced SPC, MYC and coliforms to acceptable levels. BG was extracted using an in vitro digestion method to determine its viscosity, molecular weight (MW) and solubility. Heat-treated barley increased the BG viscosity and MW compared to the untreated barley. The effect of heat treatment on starch pasting, particle size and colour were also evaluated. Overall, heat treatments improved the safety and potential health benefits of whole grain barley.
Tingkat Kesetaraan Gender Ingkat Kesetaraan Gender Pada Industri Kulit Di Propinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogayakarta

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Leather industry is one of small industries in Special Yogyakarta Province which contributes Regional Gross Domestic Product (PDRB) and generates employment. This re¬search analyzes cross section data in 2000th using purposive sampling method for data col¬lecting. Data analysis is Gender Inequality and Equivalent Index (IKKG) and Logit Model. Based on the empirical analysis, conclusions of this research are: 1) IKKG of entrepreneur leathers who have Educational Elementary School (SD), SMP, and SMA is 0 (zero). IKKG of the Leather Industrial person according to educational background is only female who has high education, with the value of 1, on the other hands the lower level education background has 0 (zero) value of IKKG. 2) The value of IKKG of the female workers who have SD, SMP, and SMA education background have lower chance to work compared with the male worker. Even that so the chance of SD workers is bigger than that of SMP or SMA workers. 3) The production expansion probability on leather industry is altogether affected by management’s perspectives genders, business managing experience, level of education and mounts of workers. Partially the factors affect it are: business management experience, mount of workers, and application of partnership, and on the other hand level of education does not affect it.\n\nKey words: Gender Inequality and Equivalent Index (IKKG), Logit Model, gender perspectives.\n
Effect of pamrevlumab on the UCSD-SOBQ (University of California San Diego–Shortness of Breath Questionnaire) in patients with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Dyspnea is a meaningful outcome to patients with IPF. Pamrevlumab, a mAb against connective tissue growth factor, has shown favorable safety, efficacy and QoL (SGRQ) results in PRAISE, a Phase 2, placebo-controlled trial. The UCSD-SOBQ is a respiratory questionnaire used in IPF trials, and in a subset of patients in PRAISE. The UCSD-SOBQ assesses dyspnea associated with activities of daily living (ADL). Subjects indicate severity of SOB on a 6-point scale in 21 ADL. Three additional questions ask about fear of harm from overexertion, limitations and fear caused by SOB. A total score ranges from 0 to 120, with higher scores indicating greater impairment. In a subset (N=42) of patients in PRAISE the UCSD-SOBQ was administered at baseline and every 12 weeks. Data were analyzed using ANCOVA, with missing data imputed using the predicted value from a random coefficient linear regression model. Baseline mean values for pamrevlumab and placebo were: age 68.6 and 65.9 years; FVC%-predicted 74.5 and 73.1%; GAP Score 3.5 and 3.2 and similar GAP Stage distribution. The mean baseline UCSD-SOBQ total score was 39.1 and 31.8 points. The between-groups absolute difference from baseline to Week 48 was statistically significant. These UCSD-SOBQ results suggest that pamrevlumab attenuates dyspnea progression in IPF patients in comparison to placebo.
Reconnaissance investigations of magnetic susceptibility of subsoil formation in the selected areas in southern Poland

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

In the article, the reconnaissance investigations of the magnetic susceptibility of soils and ochre are presented. Field investigations have been performed in southern Poland; namely in the Łąki Nowohuckie area of Krakow, the eastern surroundings of the city of Trzebinia, and the hamlet of Czerwonki near Rzeszów. Laboratory magnetic analyses have been completed. An increase of soil susceptibility has been observed in the studied areas with high anthropopression (Krakow and Trzebinia). It has been proven that iron particles collected in the soil come from urban-industrial emissions. The higher susceptibility of soils in the Łąki Nowohuckie area, than in the vicinity of Trzebinia, has also been affirmed. The diversity of the low values of soil susceptibility in the Trzebinia area is not connected to the Zn-Pb ores which occurred there. The investigations of ochre susceptibility at Czerwonki Hermanowskie have confirmed its quite strong magnetic properties in comparison with properties of the soil situated in a nearby deposit. The large differentiation of ochre susceptibility has been observed. It is probably connected with the mineral composition of ochre and the processes that occurred in the deposit. The ochre deposit slightly disturbs the geomagnetic field (microanomalies) as is shown on the micromagnetic anomaly map.
The IPSASB's recent strategies: opportunities for academics and standard-setters

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Purpose The purpose of this article is to contribute to an ongoing dialogue between practitioners and academics. This article describes the International Public Sector Accounting Standards Board (IPSASB) recent strategies and highlights the IPSASB's increasing outreach to academics. Design/methodology/approach This is a practitioner's viewpoint which reflects the IPSASB's publicly available documents, and the opinions of a practitioner directly involved in the IPSASB's work and International Public Sector Accounting Standards (IPSAS) development. Findings The findings are that the IPSASB has increased its outreach to academics and now academics have more opportunities to engage with the IPSASB and IPSAS developments. The IPSASB's strategy has remained relatively constant over time, focusing on IPSAS to address public sector-specific issues, alignment with the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) and reduction of differences between IPSAS and Government Finance Statistics (GFS) reporting guidelines. Research limitations/implications The limitations of this article (which are also its strength in terms of fitness for purpose) are that as a practitioner's viewpoint it provides a brief overview and personal judgments, rather than an empirical analysis of developments applying a theoretical framework. Practical implications The practical implications were IPSASB's increased outreach to the research community providing opportunities for academics to have increased input into IPSAS development, with likely benefits to researchers and the IPSASB. Social implications Practitioners’ engagement with academics supports increased understanding of the respective views leading to better outcomes for practitioners and academics working in the area of public sector financial reporting and its regulation. Originality/value This article is the first to (a) describe the IPSASB's increasing outreach to academics during 2019–2020 and (b) compare the IPSASB's strategies for the period of 2019–2023, with its strategies since the beginning of IPSAS developments in 1996–1997.
Neuropeptide Y at the cellular level – Studies on PreproNPY L7P Polymorphism and the Mitochondrial Form of NPY

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a widely expressed neurotransmitter in the central and peripheral nervous systems. Thymidine 1128 to cytocine substitution in the signal sequence of the preproNPY results in a single amino acid change where leucine is changed to proline. This L7P change leads to a conformational change of the signal sequence which can have an effect on the intracellular processing of NPY. The L7P polymorphism was originally associated with higher total and LDL cholesterol levels in obese subjects. It has also been associated with several other physiological and pathophysiological responses such as atherosclerosis and T2 diabetes. However, the changes on the cellular level due to the preproNPY signal sequence L7P polymorphism were not known. \n \nThe aims of the current thesis were to study the effects of the [p.L7]+[p.L7] and the [p.L7]+[p.P7] genotypes in primary cultured and genotyped human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC), in neuroblastoma (SK-N-BE(2)) cells and in fibroblast (CHO-K1) cells. Also, the putative effects of the L7P polymorphism on proliferation, apoptosis and LDL and nitric oxide metabolism were investigated. In the course of the studies a fragment of NPY targeted to mitochondria was found. With the putative mitochondrial NPY fragment the aim was to study the translational preferences and the mobility of the protein. \n \nThe intracellular distribution of NPY between the [p.L7]+[p.L7] and the [p.L7]+[p.P7] genotypes was found to be different. NPY immunoreactivity was prominent in the [p.L7]+[p.P7] cells while the proNPY immunoreactivity was prominent in the [p.L7]+[p.L7] genotype cells. In the proliferation experiments there was a difference in the [p.L7]+[p.L7] genotype cells between early and late passage (aged) cells; the proliferation was raised in the aged cells. NPY increased the growth of the cells with the [p.L7]+[p.P7] genotype. Apoptosis did not seem to differ between the genotypes, but in the aged cells with the [p.L7]+[p.L7] genotype, LDL uptake was found to be elevated. Furthermore, the genotype seemed to have a strong effect on the nitric oxide metabolism. The results indicated that the mobility of NPY protein inside the cells was increased within the P7 containing constructs. The existence of the mitochondria targeted NPY fragment was verified, and translational preferences were proved to be due to the origin of the cells. Cell of neuronal origin preferred the translation of mature NPY (NPY1-36) when compared to the non neuronal cells that translated both, NPY and the mitochondrial fragment of NPY. The mobility of the mitochondrial fragment was found to be minimal. The functionality of the mitochondrial NPY fragment remains to be investigated. \n \nL7P polymorphism in the preproNPY causes a series of intracellular changes. These changes may contribute to the state of cellular senescence, vascular tone and lead to endothelial dysfunction and even to increased susceptibility to diseases, like atherosclerosis and T2 diabetes.
Co-curricular activities and achievement in language learning of secondary school students in Nigeria

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

English as a Second Language (ESL) students in Nigeria lack access to interact with the native speakers of English, but with co-curricular activities they can be good speakers of English language.This paper investigates the impact of co-curricular activities out-side the classroom on Secondary School Students’ achievement in Nigeria. Out-of-classroom events can be devised by schools to make students feel that they are surrounded by the language if they participate in active use of the language among themselves during activities like games, debating, press updates, social gathering, etc.The variables that were considered in the study were Press club and Literary and Debating society, the involvement period, and their academic achievement. Eight out of 17 secondary schools were randomly selected with one hundred students from each school.The questionnaires for the data collection relate students’ personal data and twelve questions on press club and literary and debating society. The mock examination results show that there is a positive significant influence in co-curricular activities on senior secondary school students’ academic achievement in English.The result of this study shows that students who spend longer time in participating in the activities perform tremendously better than other students who spend less time or do not participate at all in the activities in English, and they perform academically better as well and speak English language fluently.
Mechanism and Potential of Senolytics in Tumour Microenvironment

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Senescent cells (SnCs) produce stress response and enter a state of proliferation arrest under the action of drug radiotherapy and chemotherapy, and secrete senescence related secretory phenotype (SASP), which can participate in the remodeling of tumor microenvironment (TME) through the secretion of inflammatory factors and cancer-promoting factors. The influence of cell senescence on tumors is complex, which has both tumor inhibitory and tumor promoting effects. This study shows that senescent cells are responsible for the tumor promotion mechanism. Senolytics appears as a drug that selectively clears senescent cells. It induces apoptosis by targeting the upregulated anti-apoptotic pathway in senescent cells (such as the BCL-2 family), thereby reducing the accumulation of senescent cells, inhibiting the negative effects of SASP, and improving the TME. Enhance the efficacy of anti-cancer therapy and explore the adverse effects of Senolytics in the TME, aiming to provide new ideas and strategies for future Senolytics therapy optimization and treatment of cancer.
Gold nanostructured electrodes with enhanced plasmonic spectroscopy

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

With the challenges of interfaced sciences and disciplines in materials sciences, chemistry, physics, and biology, as well as the demand in merging electronics and photonics at nanometer scale for miniaturized integrated circuits, an integration of functional complexities into the same platform emerges as the ultimate goal. This dissertation focuses on the development of novel and integrated nanostructured platforms for the combined development of multi-disciplinary sciences of plasmonics and electrochemistry. A tremendous synergy with this combination can be enhanced in producing a wealth of information by taking advantage of the unique and distinct electrical and optical properties of metals at nanoscale, and the strength of each technology. Single-nanoparticle electrodes, employing a combination of top-down and bottom-up approach, were firstly designed and fabricated with a facile and low-cost process. This particle electrode system could provide a diversity of plasmonic properties simply by varying the particle’s shapes and sizes. The surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) combined with electrochemistry has been used to develop an active plasmonic switch based on the ON/OFF resonance of the plasmonic response of the gold nanoparticles with the incident laser, via in situ electrochemical modulation. The plasmonic band of the single gold nanoparticle exhibited a giant shift when applying an external bias, as a result of the change of free electron density on the particle under alternate bias.
Observability analysis and bad data processing for state estimation using Hachtel's augmented matrix method

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Triangular-factorization-based observability analysis and normalized-residual-based bad-data processing are extended to state estimation using Hachtel's augmented matrix method, which is numerically robust, computationally efficient, and reasonable in extra storage requirement. It is shown that the observability analysis can be carried out in the course of triangular factorization of the augmented coefficient matrix used in Hachtel's method. The normalized residuals can be obtained using the sparse inverse of this augmented matrix. The algorithms have been successfully incorporated in the state estimation program developed at the Norwegian State Power Board. Test results on an IEE-14 bus system and a 99-bus system consisting of the main grid of southern Norway are presented. The results confirm that Hachtel's approach to state estimation provides an attractive alternative to the standard normal equations approach.< >
Quality Assurance in Medical Laboratories in Developing Countries: Assessment of Pre-Analytical Errors in a Chemical Pathology Laboratory in a Tertiary Hospital in Nigeria

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND: The total testing process is made up of the pre-analytical, analytical and post analytical phases. Most of the non-conformities to laid down laboratory procedures are known to be at the pre-analytical phase, amounting to about 70% of errors in the total testing phase. Most laboratories, in instituting total quality assurance, concentrate mainly on the analytical phase and the post analytical phase. The ISO, in a bid to correcting this oversight introduced a modifiable quality indicator system which monitors laid down processes and procedures of the laboratories. AIM- This study was therefore designed to assess the pre-analytical phase of the testing process in a Chemical Pathology laboratory of a teaching hospital in southern Nigeria. METHODS- The ISO quality indicators were modified to suit the standard operations of the Preanalytical phase of the said laboratory. With the help of a questionnaire, non-conformities to these laid- down procedures were assessed. Defects per million (DPM) of each indicator were calculated and a sigma value assigned as the performance level. A sigma value below 3 was seen as unacceptable performance and that between 3 and 4 was seen as acceptable performance. Lastly a sigma value above 4 indicated good performance. RESULT- A total of 17 quality indicators were used to assess the pre-analytical phase and 12 (70.6%) had unacceptable performance levels while 2 (11.8%) had acceptable performance levels. Only 3(17.6%) of these indicators had good performance levels. CONCLUSION- A holistic look at the performance of the quality indicators of the pre-analytical phase in this study showed that about 71% of the pre-analytical quality indicators assessed had unacceptable performance levels; 12% had acceptable performance level and only 18% had good performance level. This grossly indicates very poor quality pre-analytical sample acquisition and processing procedures. Steps therefore need to be taken to rectify these errors.
Humanitarian intervention as a justification for the use of military force by the example of the Russian-Georgian war in 2008

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Legal regulation (status) of humanitarian intervention represents a huge challenge to global safety. It is very significant to answer the question – should international law allow states to intervene in another territory and, furthermore, should it give incentives to states to use the pretext of humanitarian intervention to wage wars against other states (pursuant to the political or economic interests towards the states where intervener is involved in the hostilities)? One of the most significant drawbacks of Humanitarian intervention is that aggressive states use the pretext of humanitarian intervention in order to launch wars under covert motives. Russian military intervention in South Ossetia (which is the undisputed territory of Georgia) represents an example of how states use their political motives to violate another states sovereignty.