jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Radio frequency wave interactions with a plasma sheath: the role of wave and plasma sheath impedances

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The accompanying files contain digital data for figures in the article "Radio frequency wave interactions with a plasma sheath: the role of wave and plasma sheath impedances" by J.R. Myra and H. Kohno, to be submitted to the journal Physics of Plasmas.
Abstract:
RF sheaths form near surfaces where plasma and strong RF fields coexist. The effect of these RF sheaths on wave propagation near the boundary can be characterized by an effective sheath impedance that includes both resistive and capacitive contributions describing RF sheath rectification and RF power absorption in the sheath [J. R. Myra and D. A. D’Ippolito, Phys. Plasmas 22, 062507 (2015)]. Here we define a dimensionless parameter, the ratio of incoming wave impedance to the sheath impedance, which determines the characteristics of the interaction, ranging from quasi-conducting to quasi-insulating, or in the case of matched impedances, to a sheath-plasma resonance. A semi-analytical analysis is carried out for electrostatic slow waves in the ion cyclotron range of frequencies (ICRF). For the propagating slow wave case, where the incident wave is partially reflected, the fraction of power dissipated in the sheath is calculated. For the evanescent slow wave case, which admits a sheath-plasma resonance, an amplification factor is calculated. Using the impedance ratio approach, RF sheath interactions are characterized for a range of RF wave and plasma parameters including plasma density, magnetic field angle with respect to the surface, wave frequency and wave-vector components tangent to the surface. For a particularly interesting example case, results are compared with the rfSOL code [H. Kohno and J. R. Myra, Comput. Phys. Commun. 220, 129 (2017)]. Finally electromagnetic effects, absent from the semi-analytical analysis, are assessed.
Georgia’s EU-Accession Path in Light of the “Foreign Agent Law” and Hungary’s EU-Presidency

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In May 2024, the Georgian parliament adopted the law known as the “foreign agent law”, which was followed by a barrage of Western attacks on the Georgian ruling party. The US imposed sanctions on Georgian Dream parliamentarians and Germany effectively froze Georgia’s EU accession. The Hungarian government, on the other hand, has expressed its support for the Tbilisi administration and vetoed a unified EU statement of condemnation on Georgia. However, even the Presidency of the EU Council is not enough to launch accession negotiations, thus Budapest can only offer alternative support to the EU aspiring state.
Impact of Self-Efficacy and Work Discipline on Employee Performance in Sociopreneur Initiatives

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Understanding the determinants of employee performance is crucial for achieving organizational success. This study investigates how self-efficacy and work discipline affect employee performance at Panti Sasana Tresna Werdha RIA Pembangunan. Using a full sample of 50 employees, the research employed various analytical techniques, including tests for validity, reliability, normality, multicollinearity, and heteroscedasticity, as well as multiple linear regression, correlation analysis, F tests, and T-tests. The T-test results indicated that both self-efficacy (t-count 2.056 > t-table 2.012, p < 0.05) and work discipline (t-count 4.868 > t-table 2.012, p < 0.05) have significant positive effects on employee performance. The multiple correlation analysis demonstrated a strong positive relationship between self-efficacy, work discipline, and employee performance (correlation coefficient 0.844). The coefficient of determination (R²) was 0.713, showing that these two factors account for 71.3% of the variance in employee performance, with the remaining 28.7% attributed to other variables not included in this study, such as work motivation, compensation, work environment, and leadership. \textbf{These findings indicate} that boosting self-efficacy and reinforcing work discipline are essential for enhancing employee performance. Therefore, organizations should invest in comprehensive training and development programs to cultivate these qualities and maintain high performance levels among their staff.
Antiquarianism and Intellectual Life in Europe and China, 1500-1800

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This book is a project in comparative history, but along two distinct axes, one historical and the other historiographical. Its purpose is to constructively juxtapose the early modern European and Chinese approaches to historical study that have been called "antiquarian." As an exercise in historical recovery, the essays in this volume amass new information about the range of antiquarian-type scholarship on the past, on nature, and on peoples undertaken at either end of the Eurasian landmass between 1500 and 1800. As a historiographical project, the book challenges the received---and often very much under conceptualized---use of the term "antiquarian" in both European and Chinese contexts. Readers will not only learn more about the range of European and Chinese scholarship on the past---and especially the material past---but they will also be able to integrate some of the historiographical observations and corrections into new ways of conceiving of the history of historical scholarship in Europe since the Renaissance, and to reflect on the impact of these European terms on Chinese approaches to the Chinese past. This comparison is a two-way street, with the European tradition clarified by knowledge of Chinese practices, and Chinese approaches better understood when placed alongside the European ones.
Morpho-physiological and Biochemical Responses of Camelina (Camelina sativa crantz) Genotypes under Drought Stress

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Camelina (Camelina sativa) a member of mustard family is being introduced as an alternate oilseed crop.Camelina is disease resistant, low input requiring crop with a short life cycle (80-100 days).The purpose of this study was to assess the response of camelina genotypes for seedling growth, gas exchange traits and some biochemical attributes under drought stress.Plants of two different camelina genotypes (7126 and 8046) were grown in pots maintained with four drought stress levels i.e., control (100% FC) and water stress (80, 60 and 40% FC).Drought stress significantly decreased shoot and root length, shoot and root fresh weight and their dry weights, photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (g s ), transpiration rate (E) and soluble proteins while free proline, soluble sugars and amino acid content increased in both camelina genotypes.Genotype 7126 showed better response regarding seedling traits, gas exchange traits and had higher accumulation of free proline, soluble sugars, amino acids and soluble proteins as compared to genotype 8046 at all drought stress levels.The results suggested that the drought tolerance potential of camelina is positively associated with the regulation of gas exchange characteristics and accumulation of osmoprotectants.
Clinical competence and the Ombudsman.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Within three weeks of discontinuing all therapy his haemoglobin concentration began to rise and on 5 December was normal (14-7 g/dl), the patient remaining well.Was this patient's pure red-cell aplasia due to prolonged oestrogen therapy, the first manifestation of an otherwise occult malignant disease, or simply an unrelated episode due, perhaps, to an unrecognised virus infection ?It is impossible to decide at present, because the curious tendency of this type of marrow disorder to remit, sometimes for long periods,7 makes the role of external agents extremely difficult to evaluate.
On the Theory of Linear Rank Inequalities

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Abstract. In this work, we study linear polymatroids and linear rank inequalities. We focus on the \nproblem of determining if the Common Information Method can generate all the linear \ninequalities satisfied by all linear polymatroids. It is well known that there exist deep \nconnections between the Theory of Linear Rank Inequalities and Linear Secret Sharing. \nWe study those connections. First, we study the problem of estimating the information \nrates that can be achieved by Linear Secret Sharing. Then, we arrive to the novel notion \nof Abelian Secret Sharing. We prove that if Abelian Secret Sharing outperforms Linear \nSecret Sharing, then the Common Information Method is incomplete. Therefore, we \nfocus on the problem of comparing the performances of abelian and linear schemes. We \nshow that the last problem is related to the Representation Theory of Matroids.
Improved RawNet with Feature Map Scaling for Text-Independent Speaker Verification Using Raw Waveforms

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Recent advances in deep learning have facilitated the design of speaker verification systems that directly input raw waveforms.For example, RawNet [1] extracts speaker embeddings from raw waveforms, which simplifies the process pipeline and demonstrates competitive performance.In this study, we improve RawNet by scaling feature maps using various methods.The proposed mechanism utilizes a scale vector that adopts a sigmoid non-linear function.It refers to a vector with dimensionality equal to the number of filters in a given feature map.Using a scale vector, we propose to scale the feature map multiplicatively, additively, or both.In addition, we investigate replacing the first convolution layer with the sinc-convolution layer of SincNet.Experiments performed on the VoxCeleb1 evaluation dataset demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods, and the best performing system reduces the equal error rate by half compared to the original RawNet.Expanded evaluation results obtained using the VoxCeleb1-E and VoxCeleb-H protocols marginally outperform existing state-ofthe-art systems.
La fusion des communes : Un bilan provisoire

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The adaptation of the new municipal entities to present-day social life is a success. The concentration of the local administration with better organized services has left human relations unaffected. The amalgamation of the territory and its administration has effected a more equitable distribution of the casts. Considering the administration, the new municipalities could have been bigger but the human dimensions did not allow such enlargement. In most cases, the amalgamation contributed to the inception of a real social and economie entity. But the deliberations did not always lead to new municipalities that would normally have been required. In view of the rationalisation and improvement of the services the new municipality has succeeded. More goods and services are being distributed for the same cost. The amalgamation of the municipalities led to better organization and more efficiency of the administration.The power to manage increased. Concerning municipal finances, the amalgamation operation has not caused any deficits. The causes of the deficits have to be sought elsewhere : a tendency to extend social benefits and to overstaff, the transformation of the Centers for Public Assistance into Public Centers for Social Welf are, the failure of the national government to fulfil its financial obligations vis-à-vis the municipalities. In addition to these causes, errors in judgment have compromised the finances of many municipalities. On the whole, the amalgamations have been a success.
Effect of Sub Lethal Dose of Pyrethroids Insecticide on Hepatocyte of Female Albino Mice

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Agricultural pesticides play an important and pivotal role in agricultural production processes in all their stages, and the superior success shown by agricultural pesticides in controlling agricultural pests has led to greater dependence on them.Pesticides accumulate in the food chain and the human environment over time in both cases, including the overuse or misuse of many of them in various fields at times.However, they are also used to treat agricultural biting and sucking insects.The current paper aims to investigate the effect of a sub lethal dose of pyrethiored insecticide on the hepatocytes of male albino mice.Based on the current results, the hepatocyte structure and tissues section clarify the effect of Permethrin insecticide, including changes such as necrosis, venous hypertrophy, and increased vacuoles.The hepatic portal and vacuoles show vacuolar degeneration, which means that the changes are severe and an indication of the toxicity of insecticide, and this difference appears to be significant compared to the control.
Housing Haussmann’s Paris: the politics and legacy of Second Empire redevelopment

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Georges-Eugène Haussmann’s tenure as Prefect of the Seine from 1853 to 1870 has been widely associated with the modernization of Paris. In this paper, we contextualize and evaluate the prefect’s intentions and policies related to housing by bringing archival documents into conversation with nineteenth-century commentary on Haussmann’s activities, ensuing scholarship investigating the era, and spatial analysis, with a focus on a case-study site in the 13th arrondissement. This examination yields three core claims. First, in exploring the context of Haussmann's projects, we argue that the Second Empire's expropriation, clearance, and construction were partly motivated by an interest in ensuring a greater quantity and quality of housing in Paris at reduced costs, or, at least, were presented as such. Second, in evaluating the impact of Haussmann’s work, we argue that projects did not solely result in mass displacement and social recomposition through urban redevelopment, but also sometimes reaffirmed pre-existing demographic distributions, or were constructed on greenfield land. Finally, in reflecting on Haussmann's legacy on contemporary social housing politics, we argue that the prefect's enduring influence can be read both in the rhetoric used to justify present-day projects and also, in select cases, the location of sites chosen for them.
Castle studies in Britain since 1945

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This commentary examines the development of castle studies in Britain since 1945, based on an examination of published works. The first chapter outlines the development of castle studies before 1945. The remaining chapters chronicle briefly the important aspects of castle studies since then, detailed under various themes, which have been documented in my bibliographies and my general surveys from the late 1970s onwards, with a closing chapter on my role in the subject. My involvement in the study of castles and later fortifications began in the closing days of 1969 when I began work in the Library of the Society of Antiquaries of London. It was not long before I discovered not only the wealth of material that had been written on castles, but that castle studies was treated as an academic subject, and a subject that had been growing in importance from the 1960s. I was guided in my introduction to the subject by two men in particular: Dr Arnold Taylor, one of the Antiquaries' officers who had appointed me, and Dr Derek Renn. Renn, a government actuary by profession, spent much time in the Antiquaries' library every week, and became my unofficial mentor in castle studies. Taylor, whose heavy involvement with the Society of Antiquaries, combined with his role as Chief Inspector of Ancient Monuments, meant that his time was limited, looked kindly upon this enthusiastic amateur, especially in later years. Having qualified as a professional librarian whilst at the Society of Antiquaries, I realized that I needed a degree, whether I remained as a librarian or branched out into archaeology. I therefore spent three years at the University of Southampton (1974-77), reading history and archaeology, and it was during that time that my first publication appeared, an article in the new journal Fort, linked to my work on a BA dissertation. Work on the documentary aspects of early post-medieval fortification began while I was at the History Faculty Library in the University of Oxford (1977-79) and when I started at the National Museum of Wales (1979 onwards)see Appendix but it was not long before castle studies became the main thrust of my studies.
Fixed‐dose combination of umeclidinium and vilanterol for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A systematic review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common respiratory disease that is predicted to be one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Pharmacologic treatment options of COPD are bronchodilators, using either long‐acting β2‐agonists (LABAs), or long‐acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMAs), or a combination of two. Anoro Ellipta (umeclidinium + vilanterol) dry powder inhaler, a fixed‐dose combination of LAMA and LABA, was Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved in 2013 for COPD. The objective of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of once daily umeclidinium/vilanterol (62.5 mcg/25 mcg) in COPD patients, focusing on pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic characteristics, efficacy and safety in clinical studies and cost. Literature search was done through PubMed (2004‐2017) using the terms umeclidinium, vilanterol, COPD, LABA and LAMA. Recent and significant clinical trials about the monocomponents and their combination were identified, in addition to reviews, guidelines for COPD, data from manufacturer and FDA product labels. The search was limited to English language studies on human subjects. Clinical data published on the combination of umeclidinium/vilanterol in patients with COPD have shown greater improvements in lung function compared to monotherapies. However, further studies comparing umeclidinium/vilanterol FDC (ANORO) to other LABA/LAMA combinations are needed.
Renal impairment characterization of patients with systemic sclerosis by multi-parametric magnetic resonance imaging

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Renal microstructure and functional impairment in systemic sclerosis were characterized using multi-parametric quantitative MR imaging including SAMURAI, DWI and BOLD sequences. The mean values of T1, RBF, aBAT, tBAT, ADC, T2* in renal cortex and volume of renal parenchyma were quantified. Compared to healthy volunteers, patients with systemic sclerosis had significantly lower mean RBF values in both sides of renal cortex. This study revealed that decline of RBF in systemic sclerosis may indicate the pathology of microvascular impairment of renal tissues.
A SEVEN-STAGE MODEL OF PARLIAMENTARY OVERSIGHT: THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK AND PRACTICAL FORMS

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Parliamentary oversight occupies a central position in the democratic governance system. This institution ensures that people’s representatives can monitor the activities of the executive branch, which in turn guarantees the practical functioning of the separation of powers and the system of checks and balances. As our country’s leader emphasized, “strengthening parliamentary oversight mechanisms is an important condition for improving the efficiency of public administration”.
Induction effects of geomagnetic disturbances in the geo-electric field variations at low latitudes

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract. In this study we examined the influences of geomagnetic activity on the Earth surface electric field variations at low latitudes. During the International Equatorial Electrojet Year (IEEY) various experiments were performed along 5° W in West Africa from 1992 to 1995. Among other instruments, 10 stations equipped with magnetometers and telluric electric field lines operated along a meridian chain across the geomagnetic dip equator from November 1992 to December 1994. In the present work, the induced effects of space-weather-related geomagnetic disturbances in the equatorial electrojet (EEJ) influence area in West Africa were examined. For that purpose, variations in the north–south (Ex) and east–west (Ey) components of telluric electric field were analyzed, along with that of the three components (H, D and Z) of the geomagnetic field during the geomagnetic storm of 17 February 1993 and the solar flare observed on 4 April 1993. The most important induction effects during these events are associated with brisk impulses like storm sudden commencement (ssc) and solar flare effect (sfe) in the geomagnetic field variations. For the moderate geomagnetic storm that occurred on 17 February 1993, with a minimum Dst index of −110 nT, the geo-electric field responses to the impulse around 11:00 LT at LAM are Ex = 520 mV km−1 and Ey = 400 mV km−1. The geo-electric field responses to the sfe that occurred around 14:30 LT on 4 April 1993 are clearly observed at different stations as well. At LAM the crest-to-crest amplitude of the geo-electric field components associated with the sfe are Ex = 550 mV km−1 and Ey = 340 mV km−1. Note that the sfe impact on the geo-electric field variations decreases with the increasing distance of the stations from the subsolar point, which is located at about 5.13° N on 4 April. This trend does not reflect the sfe increasing amplitude near the dip equator due the high Cowling conductivity in the EEJ belt.
α-Tocopherols from the Formosan Soft Coral Lobophytum crassum

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract In our screening of marine organisms for bioactive metabolites we have obtained two new α-tocopherols, designated as crassumtocopherols A (1) and B (2), from the Formosan soft coral Lobophytum crassum. The structures of 1 and 2 were determined on the basis of comprehensive NMR and HR-ESI-MS analyses. The cytotoxicity of 1, 2, natural vitamin E, and synthetic vitamin E against cancer cell lines and antiviral activity against human cytomegalovirus were evaluated in vitro. Compounds 1 and 2 exhibited moderate cytotoxicity against P-388 (mouse lymphocytic leukemia) cell lines with IC50 of 3.2 and 2.7 µg mL−1, respectively. In addition, compound 2 also displayed moderate cytotoxicity against HT-29 (human colon adenocarcinoma) with an IC50 of 3.9 µg mL−1. However, natural vitamin E and synthetic vitamin E were not cytotoxic to the selected cancer cell lines and the results for inhibition of antiviral activity against human cytomegalovirus are all negative at a concentration of 1 µg mL−1.
The 4Rs: A collective reflexive methodology for realising critical self‐transformation in ICT4D research practice

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The “critical turn” in information and communication technologies for development (ICT4D) research emphasises a transformative and ethical research practice which can be addressed by developing the critical intent and agency of ICT4D researchers through reflexive practice. There exist, however, limited methodological insights into existing reflexive approaches and a limited understanding of how self‐transformation and change can take place through more critically reflexive ICT4D research practice. To address these issues, this paper proposes a reflexive methodology for ICT4D research, labelled “the 4Rs”, which comprises four interrelated reflective and potentially self‐transforming processes of Retrospection, Representation, Review and Reinterpretation. We present the explanations and justifications of the methodology in detail with illustrative examples. We also employ a metacognitive process to understand how self‐transformation can be realised through the use of this methodology and demonstrate the applicability of the 4Rs for other ICT4D researchers. Our main contribution lies in illustrating how this collective and critical approach can be used to deepen the self‐reflexivity of traditional individual confessional accounts. We also demonstrate how the approach can lead to new collective knowledge and contribute to achieving more critical agency.