jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Orientational Reaction as a Way of Adjusting to Space

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In order to have a proper impression of a city, observer needs to move and participate in the city’s life. One of the most important functions of the image of our surroundings is to enable orientation and guidance of movement towards a certain goal. Urban structures that are reflected through disposition and appearance of streets, through a specific landscape arrangement, and ultimately through specific dimensioning and shaping of architecture, can often help to create a place that is easy to read. The increase in vividness of a space enables easier visual identification as well as orientation in space. That type of visual stimulation is expressed through orientation reaction, which stimulates easier adjustment of the subject to a certain space. Perception is defined as the level of sensitivity to visual stimuli in space, which are often connected to the level of interest of the subject. This research aims to identify the role of reference points in terms of the subject’s movement and orientation in the process of understanding both the unknown and the known surroundings.
Thiocolchicoside Ameliorated Glycation via Lysine Blockade and Carbonyl Entrapment

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The phenomenon of glycation leads to formation of AGE, which plays central role in various health hazards and accelerates the aging process. The re-purposing approach provide rapid means to introducing potential leads to drug discovery program. Keeping this into account, the present study investigates thiocolchicoside, for its capacity to be repurposed as anti-glycation agent. To assess the anti-glycation potential, thiocolchicoside was selected on the basis SAR, it is a muscle relaxant which is synthetic derivative of colchicoside, thiocolchicoside at 0.5, 1 and 2 mM were used and tested on various assays such as AGE inhibition assay (intrinsic fluorescence), fructosamine adduct formation (NBT assay) and availability of free lysine by using TNBSA followed by Lysine blockade assay (OPA and molecular docking study). The structural changes in the BSA protein was determined by using the thioflavin-T and Congo red assays. Finally, the carbonyl entrapment assay also performed to confirm the mechanism of the anti-glycation action. Thiocolchicoside significantly reduced the AGEs production in BSA-fructose model with an IC50 value of 0.25 mM. The fructosamine adducts were found to be reduced along with enhanced availability of free lysine. Furthermore, it exhibited lysine blockade activity which was also validated by computational study. Thiocolchicoside also prevented the alteration in glycation mediated BSA conformation. Furthermore, it was also found to entrap carbonyl moieties. Thiocolchicoside has a showed the significant anti-glycation potential, which can be attributed to its ability to block lysine residue and entrap carbonyl compounds. Hence, this clinically used muscle relaxant present itself as a potential drug to be repurposed as anti-glycation agent.
GC fingerprinting of Alkaloids of Dendrobium nobil Lindl.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The GC fingerprinting of Dendrobium nobil Lindl was established by the gas chromatography to provide the scientific basis for controlling its internal quality.The rersults showed that The GC fingerprinting of Dendrobium nobil Lindl consisted of 8 peaks,its peak area was 90 % and its precision,stability and repetation according to the national standard approving by State Drug Administration.The method can be used in quality control of Dendrobium nobil Lindl.
Genotype prediction in the fragile X syndrome.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Fragile X positive, mentally retarded males have been shown to have an insertion or amplification of DNA sequences at, or close to, the site of expression of the fragile site. We show here the application of the detection of such changes to the diagnosis of affected males and female carriers and the identification of normal transmitting males. One fragile X negative male with the clinical features of the Martin-Bell syndrome also possesses an inserted/amplified DNA sequence. The implications of these results for screening for the fragile X syndrome are discussed.
[The morphometric analysis of serotonin granules of platelets in migraine].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The serotonin hypothesis of migraine attack is based on a phenomenon of fast and significant decreasing of serotonin granules in blood platelets. The morphometric analysis was used to study area, diameter, length and wideness of platelet serotonin granules in 20 migraine patients during a headache attack and in an interparoxysmal period. We found that the area of serotonin granule surface in platelets was 0.231 +/- 0.595 mcm during the migraine attack that was significantly higher than that during the interparoxysmal period (0.205 +/- 0.037 mcm) and in the platelets of healthy controls (0.190 +/- 0.028 mcm) (n = 10). The study has shown that during migraine attack serotonin granules are undergone also structural changes.
A 3D Pottery Database for Benchmarking Content Based Retrieval Mechanisms

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The benchmarking of 3D content base retrieval mechanisms is usually performed on test bed datasets composed by 3D models. These usually cover several categories of objects such as ships, airplanes, animals, furniture, etc. In this paper, we attempted the generation of a ground truth database of 3D models that exhibit morphological characteristics similar to those found in ancient Greek pottery. We developed a software tool to model 3D vessels based on bitmap profile images, enhanced with the function to semi-automatically generate random 3D vessels accompanied by metadata. The metadata follow a proposed MPEG-7 compatible schema which covers the basic information required by an archaeologist to describe a vessel and the MPEG-7 3D Shape Spectrum Descriptor for allowing possible performance comparisons of novel descriptors against a standard.
WE‐A‐303A‐01: DCE MRI for Quantitative Assessment of Therapy Response

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE) MR imaging is emerging as a promising biomarker for therapy assessment. While initial results from research groups are promising, a significant gap exists between preliminary research studies and practical utilization. In addition to variations in data acquired from different image acquisition techniques, a large variety of pharmacokinetic models have been explored from which to derive quantitative metrics. Examples of such models include those from Patlack, Toft, and Elizabeth, with a number of others in use in various research groups. These models have various levels of complexity, which in general is inversely related to the robustness with which the models perform on imaging data. Furthermore, the selection of an optimal pharmacokinetic model may be highly dependent on the tissue or organ being investigated. Currently, a national effort is underway to help standardize the extraction of physiological parameters from DCE‐MRI and related pharmacokinetic models. This talk explores these issues, comparing various models and their performance, and provides an overview of the areas that need consideration prior to widespread adoption of DCE‐MRI derived model parameters as assessment tools. Learning Objectives: 1. Understand the strengths and weaknesses of commonly used pharmacokinetic models 2. Understand the influence of image acquisition parameters and image quality on derived quantitative metrics 3. Provide examples of clinical applications
Effect of Xylocarpus granatum Bark Extract on Amelioration of Hyperglycaemia and Oxidative Stress Associated Complications in STZ-Induced Diabetic Mice

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Xylocarpus granatum is a medicinal mangrove plant, traditionally used for the treatment of diarrhoea, cholera, fever, dyslipidaemia, inflammation, etc. The present study was aimed to evaluate the in vitro antidiabetic ( α -glucosidase inhibition assay) and antioxidant (ABTS scavenging and metal chelating assay) activities of ethanol, methanol, and aqueous extracts of leaves and barks of X. granatum followed by in vivo antidiabetic and antioxidant evaluation of ethanol bark extracts in streptozotocin- (STZ-) induced diabetic mice. The in vitro evaluation revealed higher α -amylase inhibition and ABTS scavenging activities in ethanol bark extracts of X. granatum (XGEB). Administration of XGEB at 100 and 200 mg/kg BW doses to STZ-induced diabetic mice resulted in significant decrease (P < 0.05) in blood glucose, triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamate pyruvate transminase (SGPT), and urea levels in the serum of the extract administered groups as compared to diabetic control group. The levels of SOD, CAT, GPx, GR, and GST in liver along with LPx, SOD, GST, and GR activities in brain tissues were found to be ameliorated in XGEB treated diabetic mice. Histopathological alternations of liver tissues were also found to be restored in XGEB treated diabetic groups. The HPLC fingerprint analysis of XGEB revealed the presence of simple polyphenols, isoflavone, and flavonol-like compounds. The DSC and UV-VIS analysis also confirmed the presence of phenolic compounds in XGEB. The GC-MS analysis of XGEB showed the presence of a number of bioactive compounds. These results demonstrated the beneficial effect of XGEB in controlling hyperglycaemia and ameliorating oxidative stress associated complications associated with diabetes.
Imaging cell-drug response in 3D bioscaffolds by electrical impedance tomography

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Real-time quantitative imaging becomes increasingly desirable to study the cell behaviour in 3D in vitro experiments, but it could not be carried out by most of the traditional measurement methods. In this study, electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is used to monitor the real-time cell-drug response in a bioscaffold. MCF-7 breast cancer cells cultured in 3D bioscaffolds were placed into a miniature sensor and exposed to lysis buffer Triton X-100 to simulate drug effect. The images of cell response were reconstructed by measurement data with a structure based algorithm. The results show that the changes of cell conductivity caused by the drug effect could be effectively monitored by EIT in real-time. With the help of structure based image reconstruction algorithm, the background noise in the reconstructed image is eliminated and the conductivity change in the area of interest is highlighted. These results indicate that EIT has potential to be a novel technique for the drug evaluation by quantitative analysis of 3D cell culture.
Notq Arrives at the Clinic: How Druze Therapists Deal with the Cultural Phenomenon of Remembering and Talking about Previous Incarnation Among the Druze in Israel

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract This article deals with the cultural idiom Notq —the remembering and talking about a previous incarnation among the Druze. The study focuses on the interface between the dominant Western psychological perspective and the Druze ethnopsychology. Sixteen Druze therapists including social workers and psychologists were interviewed about the Notq and how it arises in the clinic. The research shows that while the therapists understand and respect Notq, they mostly suspend it and only some work with it. The findings reveal that the Druze therapists are confronted with a complex conflict: they have no internal‐cultural legitimacy to reject Notq, and they have no external‐professional basis for accepting it. This study, in using the example of the Notq, illustrates important issues that are addressed by transcultural psychologists and psychological anthropologists; cultural idioms; minority therapists; the dominance of Western psychological knowledge; and the interface between psychology and religion.
Immune‑related pathophysiological causes relevant to a subset of patients with preeclampsia (Review)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Preeclampsia is characterized by inadequate extravillous trophoblast (EVT) invasion, leading to feto‑placental hypoxia, a release of an excessof anti‑angiogenic factors, and finally eliciting maternal endothelial dysfunction and maternal symptoms, such as new‑onset hypertension and proteinuria. Despite intensive research over the past decade, the initial pathogenesis of this disorder remains elusive. There are likely different subtypes of preeclampsia and maternal, fetal and placental factors all play an important role in the disease development. In this review, we focus on an immune‑related pathway or pathophysiological causes relevant to a subset of patients with preeclampsia. Using the PubMed database, we conducted a literature review of various studies related to the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. The two‑stage theory is a notable postulate of the disease. The antecedents of poor placentation are immunological, epigenetic and environmental factors in origin. The causes of inadequate immune mechanisms at the maternal‑fetal interface in preeclampsia is considered to be a lack of human leucocyte antigen (HLA) class I molecules, such as HLA‑G and HLA‑C. A reduction in HLA molecules facilitate EVTs to elicit an immune attack that furthers cell killing. A series of the HLA‑G promoter region on EVTs has been found to be more highly methylated in preeclampsia than in normal pregnancy, possibly due to the increased expression of DNA methyltransferase‑1 (DNMT‑1). Promoter hypermethylation is one of the major epigenetic alterations that may prime for HLA‑G gene inactivation. Epigenetic alterations are reversible, and nutrition, lifestyle and environmental factors may be the epigenetic regulators that modify gene expression. However, the timing, cause and underlying mechanisms of HLA gene methylation have not yet been fully established. The adverse intrauterine environment that contributes to immune responses, inflammation, or oxidative stress may be associated with increased susceptibilities for a number of adult diseases, including preeclampsia. We have hypothesized that close interactions between the inherited epigenetic architecture (hypermethylation of HLA molecules) and adverse intrauterine environmental exposures (oxidative stress and inflammation) leading to epigenetic modifications and to the aberrant DNA methylation of HLA class I molecules, may act as an early event of preeclampsia development.
Interrelationships between Colonies, Biofilms, and Planktonic Cells of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a gram-negative bacterium and an opportunistic human pathogen that causes chronic infections in immunocompromised individuals. These infections are hard to treat, partly due to the high intrinsic resistance of the bacterium to clinically used antibiotics and partly due to the formation of antibiotic-tolerant biofilms. The three most common ways of growing bacteria in vitro are as planktonic cultures, colonies on agar plates, and biofilms in continuous-flow systems. Biofilms are known to express genes different from those of planktonic cells, and biofilm cells are generally believed to closely resemble planktonic cells in stationary phase. However, few, if any, studies have examined global gene expression in colonies. We used a proteomic approach to investigate the interrelationships between planktonic cells, colonies, and biofilms under comparable conditions. Our results show that protein profiles in colonies resemble those of planktonic cells. Furthermore, contrary to what has been reported previously, the protein profiles of biofilms were found to more closely resemble those of exponentially growing planktonic cells than those of planktonic cells in the stationary phase. These findings raise some intriguing questions about the true nature of biofilms.
[Single-stage procedure for multiple dissected aortic aneurysms with coagulopathy in an elderly patient].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

An 86-year-old man was admitted for abdominal pain. Dissected descending thoracic aortic aneurysm and infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm were observed under computed tomographic (CT) scan. Hematologic studies revealed low platelet count and an increase in fibrin degradation products (FDP), and disseminated intravascular coagulation( DIC) associated with dissecting aortic aneurysm was highly suspected. Platelet transfusion was performed and gabexate mesilate was administered, however, no improvement of DIC could be obtained. An increase in aortic diameter was observed under CT scan and surgery was performed. The infrarenal aneurysm was replaced with a bifurcated prosthetic graft under open repair. Simultaneously, an endovascular stent-graft was delivered from the left limb of the abdominal graft and implanted into the descending thoracic aorta. The postoperative recovery was uneventful but platelet count did not improve in this case.
Varying interpretations of technology as a problem in markets for customised high-tech products: towards an inquiring dialogue approach

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Firms involved in contracting and implementation of customised high-tech products face a number of challenges in their relationships with customers because of the underlying variability of complex technologies. Existing research proposes the use of rational decision models and represents technology as an input to the firm's production function that generates a specific return on investment when used appropriately. As such, existing research does not account for the parties' varying interpretations of complex technology. If these interpretations are not revealed and resolved they may decrease customer satisfaction and create problems in the efficiency of technology use within the firm. This study investigates the potential of the inquiring dialogue approach for improving information sharing about technology interpretations held by the different parties. An empirical case study of a customised high-tech product in the software industry is analysed. Based on the insights obtained, we discuss the potential use of inquiring dialogue as a means to reveal information about the different interpretations held by the parties involved in contracting and implementing a customised high-tech product.
Biological Technique for the Evaluation of Fungicides

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Journal Article Biological Technique for the Evaluation of Fungicides: 1. The Evaluation of Seed Disinfectants for the Control of Helminthosporium Disease of Oats Get access A. E. MUSKETT A. E. MUSKETT Department of Agricultural Botany, The Queen's UniversityBelfast Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Annals of Botany, Volume 2, Issue 3, July 1938, Pages 699–715, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aob.a084027 Published: 01 July 1938
Orientation in multiple lexical terms and verb phrases: A model for special language combinants.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The theme of this thesis is the 'orientation' of multiple lexical terms and special language verb phrases. Orientation is a necessary step for two main reasons: ascertaining the most logical placing of multiple lexical terms and special language verb phrases (combinants) in a dictionary; providing the most apposite terminological and terminographical background data for a multiple lexical term or phrase, these data being determined by the subject field of the text in which the term or phrase appears. The research has drawn together aspects such as collocation and valency, and analyses of corpora have resulted in the development of a model for special language verb phrases in English and French which it is proposed can be applied and adapted to different specialised subject fields. Past research into special language verb phrases has been sparse and, in contrast to general language, it does not appear that a model pertaining to this construction has been developed previously. Of additional novelty is the application of the model to special language verb phrases in French, because it is hoped that the results will act as a precursor for a dictionary of verb collocations in that language. It is intended that the results of the research will benefit: learners of a foreign language who may become translators, to enable them to seek a term or phrase easily and efficiently; subject specialists who prepare papers in a language which is not their mother tongue; technical writers; pre-editors of texts for machine translation; terminographers who need guidelines for entering compound terms and phrases in: (i) printed dictionaries and (ii) computerised systems such as terminology data banks (term banks). The results are supported by statistical data acquired from the compilation by the author of two special language corpora, one in English and the other in French, of restricted areas of virology and bacteriology.
Chiral effects on radiation and energy loss in quark–gluon plasma

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The emergent axion excitations in the quark–gluon plasma are generated by the sphaleron transitions. Their interactions with the photon and gluon fields are governed by the axion electro- and chromodynamics, respectively. We discuss the effect of the emergent axion on the photon production and energy loss in the quark–gluon plasma. In particular, we review the Chiral Cherenkov effect, and the impact of the chiral anomaly on bremsstrahlung.
The impact of long-range dependent traffic in a CDMA system supporting real-time services

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper examines the impact of long-range dependent real-time variable bit rate (rt-VBR) traffic in a multi-service CDMA system that has been dimensioned using a short-range dependent traffic model. A simulation of the system is performed using both a self-similar Pareto renewal process and a Poisson process as traffic models. The importance of traffic model choice when dimensioning the system is established by comparing the QoS delivered under each traffic model. Simulation results show that the factor of performance difference between the two models is heavily dependent upon the level of self-similarity in the traffic, traffic load and propagation conditions. This difference is most significant when: the Hurst parameter exceeds approximately 0.75; there is a medium traffic load; and the probability of propagation loss is low. The scheduling policy is shown to skew the relative importance of the traffic model to each service.