jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Cultural Differences In War-Making: Why Do Different Cultures Fight Wars Differently?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The paper gives insight into the subject of culturally different ways of war-making. The objective is to further examine armed conflict in different societies and cultures. By analyzing key parameters and variables of the concept of war and strategy, the paper puts into focus cultural differences between the ways of making war by prominent military organizations. Unlike other publications, which elaborated in detail key features of warfare between various culturally different societies throughout history, this paper puts stress on strategy. Strategic culture is the dominant factor which decides how the society wages war.
Barriers to Halal logistics operation: views from Malaysian logistics experts

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

There is a growing demand for Halal-certified logistics service, but the supply of such logistics service is limited. This study asserts that there is a potential area for research, and argue that logistics service providers (LSP) are resistant to adopt Halal logistics operation. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to determine the barriers in adopting Halal logistics operation. Additionally, this study tries to highlight the core reasons behind the barrier to Halal logistics operation. This study fills in the gap exist between insufficient supply of Halal LSP and the rising demand for Halal logistics. Semistructured interview technique is used to gather information from four Halal LSP in Malaysia. The respondents are identified from purposive judgement sampling. Four major barriers to Halal logistics operation are identified, and there are four core reasons behind these barriers. This study appraised and contributed to the growing knowledge of Halal and Halal logistics. Research limitations are highlighted and future research agendas are proposed.
Seeking Information:

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper presents the preliminary findings of research examining the information seeking of parents. It is the belief of the author that information seeking theory is an important foundational concept of information literacy. The hope is that this investigation, which focuses on the everyday life information seeking of parents, will help to add a different perspective to the concept of information literacy and how it can be relevant to everyday life. The research has been carried out as part of a PhD project and primarily comprises of 33 interviews with parents of primary school aged children in Leeds, UK. Participant observations and informal discussions with professionals supported the interviews. The data is in the process of being analysed. However, at this stage of analysis, there are a number of emerging themes. These themes have been termed as: assessing; catalysts; emotions; hindrances; internet; people; places; questions; system; and trust. This paper will present a summary of these themes as they currently stand. The research focuses on the everyday life information seeking of parents of young children, an area of study that has not received much attention from the LIS community. It is hoped that the research will help provide a fresh theoretical perspective of how information literacy theory can be developed in the context of everyday life information seeking.
Making Space for Water: Spatial Planning and Water Management in the Netherlands

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In Al Gore's documentary 'An Inconvenient Truth' the Netherlands is portrayed as one of the major potential victims of climate change. In a dramatic animation large portions of country are flooded and become part of the North Sea. It is obvious that climate change has potentially disastrous implications for a country of which 35 per cent lies below sea level. Even today 65 per cent of the country would run the risk of regular flooding if there were no protective measures such as dikes and storm surge barriers. It is clear that water management is the core issue of climate change in the Netherlands (WRR, 2006).
Advanced WCDMA radio network simulator

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

If only good coverage is required in GSM networks, high frequency reuse factors can be used. In that case the network capacity is directly determined by the number of available time slots, and no advanced radio control algorithms are needed. If high capacity is required and fractional loading is used in GSM networks, advanced radio resource management algorithms are required. Sophisticated network simulators are needed for algorithm development in GSM base station systems. Also, finding out the capacity for accurate network planning is difficult without radio network simulators. In UMTS the need for an advanced radio network simulator will further increase because of new services, higher bit rates, multiplexing of services, and because of the possible asymmetric capacity requirement between uplink and downlink. Additionally, the UTRA WCDMA air interface is more dynamic than the GSM air interface, and therefore, optimised radio resource management algorithms need to be developed to fully exploit the WCDMA capabilities. The algorithm development for highly loaded dynamic networks is not possible without accurate modelling in computer simulations. In this paper the modelling principles of a WCDMA radio network simulator are presented.
The effect of size heterogeneity on community identification in complex networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Identifying community structure can be a potent tool in the analysis and understanding of the structure of complex networks. Up to now, methods for evaluating the performance of identification algorithms use ad-hoc networks with communities of equal size. We show that inhomogeneities in community sizes can and do affect the performance of algorithms considerably, and propose an alternative method which takes these factors into account. Furthermore, we propose a simple modification of the algorithm proposed by Newman for community detection (Phys. Rev. E {\bf 69} 066133) which treats communities of different sizes on an equal footing, and show that it outperforms the original algorithm while retaining its speed.
A taxonomic review of the genus Callilanguria Crotch, 1876 (Coleoptera: Erotylidae: Languriinae)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This dataset contains the digitized treatments in Plazi based on the original journal article Huang, Zheng-Zhong, Han, Xin-Yu, Yang, Xing-Ke (2018): A taxonomic review of the genus Callilanguria Crotch, 1876 (Coleoptera: Erotylidae: Languriinae). Zootaxa 4446 (1): 97-110, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4446.1.7
Production of Natural Food Colorant with Organic Mordant Solutions and Incorporation into Modern Food Systems

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Colorants are an important exposure that affects the way we feel and judge foods. The food colorant is normally associated with the flavor, safety and nutritional value of the food product. Colorant are obtained from natural plants and minerals. In today’s world, synthetic oxidative food colors are used. It contains a high chemical composition and is derived from petroleum or crude oil. Sunset yellow, carmine, amaranth and azorubine are examples of common synthetic food colors. It leads to some diseases such as asthma, allergy reactions and cancer. Hence, natural food colors were produced from natural plants. The plants contain several pigments, such as betacyanin, anthocyanin and curcumin. The fruit juice of Opuntia ficus-indica , in particularly it contains betacyanin pigments, which can be used as a natural red-purple food colorant. In order to improve the results, we extracted the juice from Opuntia ficus-indica and banana pseudo-stem. Next, we qualitatively analyzed the juice to find out whether flavonoids, triterpenoids, proteins, alkaloids, carbohydrates, saponin, tannin, and phenol was present. Opuntia ficus-indica has antioxidant properties, as does banana pseudostem sap, which has antioxidant, antithrombotic and anti-haemolytic properties. Then analyzed physical parameters of color strength were measured (using a UV spectrophotometer) at 450 nm to determine color strength and that the results were good with pH, viscosity, smell and taste. And toxicity analyses of aflatoxin and ochratoxin shows good results. This colorant has been used successfully in two food systems: ice cream and milkshakes. which is preserved after one month in the refrigerator.
Systemic pharmacological treatments for chronic plaque psoriasis: a network meta-analysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Our review shows that, compared to placebo, the biologics infliximab, bimekizumab, ixekizumab, and risankizumab were the most effective treatments for achieving PASI 90 in people with moderate-to-severe psoriasis on the basis of high-certainty evidence. This NMA evidence is limited to induction therapy (outcomes measured from 8 to 24 weeks after randomisation), and is not sufficient for evaluating longer-term outcomes in this chronic disease. Moreover, we found low numbers of studies for some of the interventions, and the young age (mean 44.6 years) and high level of disease severity (PASI 20.4 at baseline) may not be typical of patients seen in daily clinical practice. We found no significant difference in the assessed interventions and placebo in terms of SAEs, and the safety evidence for most interventions was very low to moderate quality. More randomised trials directly comparing active agents are needed, and these should include systematic subgroup analyses (sex, age, ethnicity, comorbidities, psoriatic arthritis). To provide long-term information on the safety of treatments included in this review, an evaluation of non-randomised studies is needed. Editorial note: This is a living systematic review. Living systematic reviews offer a new approach to review updating, in which the review is continually updated, incorporating relevant new evidence as it becomes available. Please refer to the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews for the current status of this review.
An Empirical Analysis of Scarcity Strategies in the Automobile Industry

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Recent product introductions such as the Xbox 360, Sony Playstation 2, and PT Cruiser have been characterized by shortage of these products. Some experts have suggested that such scarcity can be a deliberate strategy for making the product more desirable. In this paper, we empirically examine the relationship between introductory inventory levels and consumer preference in the U.S. automobile industry and show that relative scarcity of a car at the time of introduction is associated with higher consumer preference for the product. Furthermore, we perform an empirical test of alternative theories about the rationale for introductory product scarcity. Specifically, we consider two theories of supplier-induced scarcity, namely the buying frenzy theory and the signaling theory, and an alternative theory that suggests that demand uncertainty causes introductory product scarcity. We find more support for the signaling theory of supplier-induced scarcity than the buying frenzy theory or the demand uncertainty theory in our analysis of the automobile market.
Biomedical Diagnostics and Clinical Technologies: Applying High-Performance Cluster and Grid Computing

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this chapter, we focus on statistical region-based active contour models where the region descriptor is chosen as the probability density function of an image feature (e.g. intensity) inside the region. Image features are then considered as random variables whose distribution may be either parametric, and then belongs to the exponential family, or non parametric and is then estimated through a Parzen window. In the proposed framework, we consider the optimization of divergences between such PDFs as a general tool for segmentation or tracking in medical images. The optimization is performed using a shape gradient descent through the evolution of an active region. Using shape derivative tools, our work is directed towards the construction of a general expression for the derivative of the energy (with respect to a domain), and the differentiation of the corresponding evolution speed for both parametric and non parametric PDFs. Experimental results on medical images (brain MRI, contrast echocardiography, perfusion MRI) confirm the availability of this general setting for medical structures segmentation orvtracking in 2D or 3D.
Writing and the narrative

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Summary This paper is initially concerned with a debate between Derrida and Deleuze and Guattari's accounts of “writing”, from which it proceeds to question the usefulness of these accounts within the field of literary “theory”. The paper argues that neither the process of writing, nor language, holds a sufficiently privileged position within modernity that one is able to construct epistemologically valid statements on literature, should we presuppose a de facto relation of continuity between writing, language and literature. The paper continues with an account of the literary narrative (as a form of literature constituted of “narrative elements” rather than words), as a text whose logic, and predisposition to pleasure, is a problem of reading rather than writing.
Effects of Ages on Finishing Performance of Beef Cattle

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Simmental crossbred steers were selected and divided into four groups with the average age of 2 ± 0.5, 3 ± 0.5, 4 ± 0.5, and 5 to 9 year old respectively, to investigate the effects of ages on finishing and slaughter performance. The results indicated that under the same feeding regimes, the BW gain, feed efficiency, marbling scores, and longissimus muscle area of 2 and 3 year old groups were greater (P 0.05) than the other two groups. The slight improvement in dressing percentage (P 0.05) of elder beef cattle often accompanied with the decrease of meat quality and growth performance.
Enzymatically cross-linked hyaluronic acid/graphene oxide nanocomposite hydrogel with pH-responsive release

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Hyaluronic acid (HA) is made up of repeating disaccharide units (β-1,4-d-glucuronic acid and β-1,3-N-acetyl-d-glucosamine) and is a major constituent of the extracellular matrix. HA and its derivatives which possess excellent biocompatibility and physiochemical properties have been studied in drug delivery and tissue engineering applications. Tyramine-based HA hydrogel with good compatibility to cell and tissue has been reported recently. However, inferior mechanical property may limit the biomedical application of the HA hydrogel. In this study, HA/graphene oxide (GO) nanocomposite (NC) hydrogel was prepared through a horseradish peroxidase catalyzed in situ cross-linking process. As compared with pure HA hydrogels, incorporation of GO to the HA matrix could significantly enhance the mechanical properties (storage moduli 1800 Pa) of the hydrogel and prolong the release of rhodamine B (RB) as the model drug from the hydrogel (33 h) as well. In addition, due to the multiple interactions between GO and RB, the NC hydrogels showed excellent pH-responsive release behavior. The release of RB from the NC hydrogel was prolonged at low pH (pH 4.0) in the presence of GO, which could be attributed to the enhanced interactions between GO and HA as well as with RB. In situ three-dimensional encapsulation of mouse embryonic fibroblasts (BALB 3T3 cells) in the NC hydrogels and cytotoxicity results indicated the cytocompatibility of both the enzymatic cross-linking process and HA/GO NC hydrogels (cell viability 90.6 ± 4.25%). The enzymatically catalyzed fabrication of NC hydrogels proved to be an easy and mild approach, and had great potential in the construction of both tissue engineering scaffolds and stimuli-responsive drug release matrices.
SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC DETERMINATION OF SOME QUINOLONES ANTIBIOTICS FOLLOWING OXIDATION WITH CERIUM SULPHATE

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A simple, accurate and sensitive spectrophotometric method has been developed for the determination of ciprofloxacin, pefloxacin and sparfloxacin. The method was based on the oxidation of these drugs with cerium (IV) in the presence of perchloric acid and subsequent measurement of the excess Ce (IV) by its reaction with p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde to give a brownish coloured product (λmax at 470 nm). The decrease in the absorption intensity (∆A) of the coloured product due to the presence of the drug was correlated with drug concentration in the sample solution. Optimum reaction conditions for the oxidation were established at 30 0 C for 5 minutes, and different variables affecting the reaction were carefully studied. Under the optimum conditions, linear relationships with good correlation coefficients of 0.9996, 1.000 and 0.9977 for ciprofloxacin, pefloxacin and sparfloxacin respectively were found between ∆A values and the concentrations of the drugs in a concentration range of 1.5706-6.2824; 15.8-47.4 and 1.86-7.44 µg mL -1 for ciprofloxacin, pefloxacin and sparfloxacin respectively. Low limits of detection were obtained. The method was validated in terms of accuracy, precision and ruggedness. Reproducibility values did not exceed 2.0 % (coefficient of variation) for the drugs. The results obtained by the proposed method were comparable with those obtained by reference non-aqueous titration with advantages of speed, accuracy, precision and high sensitivity.
Learning Citywide Patterns of Life from Trajectory Monitoring

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The recent proliferation of real-world human mobility datasets has catalyzed geospatial and transportation research in trajectory prediction, demand forecasting, travel time estimation, and anomaly detection. However, these datasets also enable, more broadly, a descriptive analysis of intricate systems of human mobility. We formally define patterns of life analysis as a natural, explainable extension of online unsupervised anomaly detection, where we not only monitor a data stream for anomalies but also explicitly extract normal patterns over time. To learn patterns of life, we adapt Grow When Required (GWR) episodic memory from research in computational biology and neurorobotics to a new domain of geospatial analysis. This biologically-inspired neural network, related to self-organizing maps (SOM), constructs a set of "memories" or prototype traffic patterns incrementally as it iterates over the GPS stream. It then compares each new observation to its prior experiences, inducing an online, unsupervised clustering and anomaly detection on the data. We mine patterns-of-interest from the Porto taxi dataset, including both major public holidays and newly-discovered transportation anomalies, such as festivals and concerts which, to our knowledge, have not been previously acknowledged or reported in prior work. We anticipate that the capability to incrementally learn normal and abnormal road transportation behavior will be useful in many domains, including smart cities, autonomous vehicles, and urban planning and management.
Thermal properties and adhesiveness of soy protein modified with cationic detergent

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract This research studied the effects of cationic detergents on the adhesiveness and thermal properties of soy protein isolate (SPI). Three cationic detergents, hexadecyltrimethyl ammonium bromide, ethylhexadecyldimethyl ammonium bromide (EDAB), and benzyldimethylhexadecyl ammonium chloride, each at concentrations of 1.3, 2.6, 5.2, and 7.8 mM, were used to modify SPI. The effect of pH at selected EDAB concentrations was also studied. Results showed that both detergent concentration and pH had significant effects on the adhesiveness of modified SPI. SPI modified with detergent at a concentration of 2.6 mM yielded the greatest dry tensile strength and water resistance, which indicated that a moderate protein denaturation might be favorable to the adhesion of SPI. Both modified and unmodified SPI showed greater adhesive strength at their optimal pH values. Modified SPI showed greatest adhesive strength at pH 7, whereas unmodified SPI showed greatest adhesive strength at pH 4.5; the tensile strength of modified SPI was greater than that of unmodified SPI. The protein‐denaturation temperature and the enthalpy of modified SPI adhesives were also analyzed by using DSC. Denaturation of the native structure of SPI increased as detergent concentration increased.
Possible Function of Cephalic Outgrowths of Sucking Lice (Anoplura) Parasitic on Tree Shrews (Tupaiidae)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Journal Article Possible Function of Cephalic Outgrowths of Sucking Lice (Anoplura) Parasitic on Tree Shrews (Tupaiidae) Get access Lance A. Durden Lance A. Durden Department of Anatomy, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Medical Entomology, Volume 21, Issue 4, 26 July 1984, Pages 470–471, https://doi.org/10.1093/jmedent/21.4.470 Published: 26 July 1984
Antibiotic-resistant Acinetobacter Meningitis in Neurosurgical Patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Acinetobacter anitratus has emerged as one of the common pathogens responsible for postneurosurgical meningitis at the authors' institution. Seven patients with Acinetobacter meningitis were identified during the 4-year period of this study, five of whom acquired organisms susceptible only to imipenem and amikacin. Acinetobacter bacteremia occurred concomitantly in five patients. Despite late institution of therapy as a result either of organism misidentification on Gram stain or of unexpected acquisition of a highly resistant organism, the patients' outcome was favorable after the initiation of appropriate antibiotic therapy. Imipenem and amikacin, with or without intrathecal aminoglycosides, were effective in patients with resistant strains of Acinetobacter.
Clitopilus fuscogelatinosus and Rhodocybe carlottae, new species in the Entolomataceae (Agaricales) from Canada

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Clitopilus fuscogelatinosus sp. nov. is described in section Pleurotelloides Singer. The type was on rotting coniferous wood in coastal Newfoundland. Rhodocybe carlottae sp. nov., with a second colour variety, var. vinacea, is described in section Rhodophana (Kühner) Singer. Both varieties were found in coniferous forests on the Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia.
[Electroconvulsive therapy and aortic aneurysm: apropos of a case].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The adverse effects of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) become rare due to the increased progress specially in avoiding cardiovascular side effects. In fact, several studies report ECT treatment performed with success and without side effects, in depressive patients presenting serious cardiovascular diseases (aortic anevrysm, cerebral venous angioma, cerebral infarct, aortic dissection...). Occurrence of cardiovascular complications can be prevented if an elevation of blood pressure or an arythmia occurring during the seizure are previously and correctly detected and managed. Hence an adequate anaesthetic premedication must be implemented. Usual protocols use atropine, hydralazine and hydro-chlorothiazide. However, ECT treatment should be avoided in patients requiring urgent surgical correction of their cardiovascular abnormalities. Also, patients and families must be informed on the benefit derived from ECT treatment and reassured on the therapeutic issue when ECT treatment is correctly managed. This case report concerns an 89 year old woman presenting a melancholic depressive state complicated with an aortic anevrysm, successfully treated with ECT.