jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Chronic myeloid leukemia and ferritin levels

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Ferritin is a positive acute-phase reactant, exhibiting increased levels in blood during the acute-phase response. High plasma ferritin levels have been reported for various types of cancers, irrespective of the amount of total body iron. Hence, this study was designed to assess the status of ferritin levels in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients both before and after chemotherapy and to compare them with age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Methods: Thirty patients of CML after confirmed diagnosis were taken up for the study. CML patients were treated by imatinib therapy. Serum ferritin was estimated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in thirty newly diagnosed CML patients and in thirty age- and sex-matched healthy controls. The test was repeated at first complete remission or at 3 months (whichever is earlier) in CML patients. Patients and controls were categorized into three groups as follows: (1) Group I: Control group –age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers (2) Group II: CML patients at the time of diagnosis (before imatinib therapy) (3) Group III: CML patients at first complete remission or at 3 months of imatinib therapy (whichever is earlier). Results: The ferritin levels were significantly increased in Group II and Group III (387.68 ± 221.61 ng/mL and 295.43 ± 169.17 ng/mL, respectively) as compared to controls (73.27 ± 60.82 ng/mL) (P = 0.000 and P = 0.000, respectively). The ferritin levels were decreased in Group III as compared to Group II, although the difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.075). Conclusion: Our study revealed that serum ferritin could be a useful marker in determining disease progression or monitor the effectiveness of treatment in leukemic patients.
An assessment Indonesia’s Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) as an electrical energy resource

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The primary source of Indonesian electricity still has a dependence on the availability of fossil energy, which is limited in its presence and has non-renewable properties. It is necessary for alternative energy research as a renewable source of electrical power to replace energy sources that cannot be renewed. The one of energy is ocean thermal energy conversion, in which the technology is based on the thermal energy difference between surface temperatures and deepsea water to produce electricity. The research aimed to assess the power potential generated by utilizing the vertical sea temperature in some Indonesian waters. The survey method was used to collect secondary data from the HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model. The process was completed with the conversion of OTEC to produce the electric base on the model applied by Rauchenstein. This model calculated the net power production of an OTEC plant as a function of water temperature and chilled water pipe length with the potential OTEC power generated for a closed cycle power plant of 100 MW / 150 MW gross power. The study found an average temperature difference of 20 °C at a depth of ≥500 m. Based on the seasonally mean, the highest potential of power was in the Papua of 174 MW during transitional season 2. The lowest value was assessed in Southeast Sulawesi of 82.09 MW in the southeast season. The highest electricity potential for annual average has been obtained in Papua with 168.33 MW and the lowest around 97.69 MW in North Sulawesi.
Financial Knowledge is Power: Exploring the Protective Benefits of Financial Self-Efficacy Among Young Adults

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Personal finances are an essential part of adulthood,
yet we find that many Americans have low financial literacy
(Financial Industry Regulatory Authority Investor Education
Foundation, 2016). This phenomenon is especially true for young
adults (18-25 years old) (Lusardi, 2019). Lusardi, Mitchell, and
Curto (2009) found that fewer than one-third of young adults
possess basic financial knowledge. The present study examined
whether financial self-efficacy and financial hardship were
moderators between financial literacy and financial anxiety among a
young adult sample (18-25 years old; Arnett, 2000). The current
study utilized moderated moderation analyses to explore the
associations between financial literacy, financial anxiety (i.e.,
the concern and worry about finances), financial self-efficacy, and
financial hardship for young adults( N = 549, 71.6% female, Mage =
20.49). Based on survey data from the Financial and Social Stress
Study (Tran & Mintert, n.d.), moderated moderation results show
(a) an inverse association between financial literacy and financial
anxiety (direct effects) and (b) financial self-efficacy and
financial hardship moderate this relationship. Specifically, for
young adults experiencing high financial hardship with high
financial self-efficacy, there was a strong inverse association
between financial literacy and financial anxiety. This study
contributes to our knowledge of the vital role of financial
literacy and its association with financial anxiety for young
adults. Further, these findings highlight financial self-efficacy
as a potential factor for mental health providers to consider when
working with young adults experiencing high financial
hardship.
Estimation of Order Restricted Location/Scale Parameters of a General\n Bivariate Distribution Under General Loss function: Some Unified results

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We consider component-wise equivariant estimation of order restricted\nlocation/scale parameters of a general bivariate distribution under quite\ngeneral conditions on underlying distributions and the loss function. This\npaper unifies various results in the literature dealing with sufficient\nconditions for finding improvments over arbitrary location/scale equivariant\nestimators. The usefulness of these results is illustrated through various\nexamples. A simulation study is considered to compare risk performances of\nvarious estimators under bivariate normal and independent gamma probability\nmodels. A real-life data analysis is also performed to demonstrate\napplicability of the derived results.\n
Pitfalls In Prescribing: Metronidazole Dosing in Patients With Hepatic Dysfunction

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Metronidazole, the prototype nitroimidazole, was originally released in 1959 for the treatment of Trichomonas vaginalis infections. It has since been used to treat a variety of infections caused by anaerobic and facultative anaerobic bacteria and protozoa. Here we discuss the need for dosing adjustments in patients with hepatic disease.
Jaakko Husa, Advanced Introduction to Law and Globalisation, Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 2018, 218 pp, hb £63.00.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Advanced Introduction to Law and Globalisation is an excellent book that provides a well-reasoned and articulated analysis of the interconnections between international law, individual rights and the fiduciary expectations of multinational businesses and international organisations.The book, which is rich in supporting narratives, argues that modern legal reasoning across the globe is becoming, at an ever-increasing pace, a manifestation of a shared global legal culture.It is a distinctive global culture that has chosen a variation of English as a shared language, a series of accepted methodologies and, on a more general level, relinquished some, but not all, of the eighteenth century's assumptions which linked legality to a state.A rich and diversified global legal culture is not associated with the emergence of a global order.Rather, a global legal culture, in Husa's description, is a manifestation of the acceptance of pluralism and its implications for
Biosynthesis, extraction, detection and pharmacological attributes of vinblastine and vincristine, two important chemotherapeutic alkaloids of Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don: A review

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The demand for natural product is growing their interest in our daily life. It makes Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don a crucial member of family Apocynaceae due to having its medicinal importance. It's well known for its traditional pharmacological application especially correlated with its phytochemical composition. C. roseus is a source of vast phytochemicals including alkaloids, essential oils, phenols, carbohydrates, saponins and flavonoids, but alkaloids are the predominant phytochemicals with their medicinal activity. Interestingly, C. roseus is the only source of vinblastine (VLB) and vincristine (VCR), two main medicinally sound expensive anti-cancerous bis-indole alkaloids showing their activity as mitotic poisons. They cause mitotic arrest by disrupting microtubules. The present review deals with vis-à-vis outline of VLB and VCR with their biosynthesis, extraction, detection, mode of action and their limitation. It helps to increase the knowledge on its mechanism to arrest tumour cell growth along with their side effects during over doses. As well as the lacuna and their future directions will be discussed for future research. Though these are required in a very minute quantity for the treatment, but it is important to increase the production of these two costly alkaloids by using cost effective biotechnological methods.
Bourdieuian Analysis on African Americans’ Under-representation at Parks and Outdoor Recreation

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study used Pierre Bourdieu’s theory of practice and analyzed African Americans’ under-representation at parks and in outdoor recreation. It focused on Cedar Hill State Park (CHSP) located in Cedar Hill, Texas and investigated local African Americans’ non-visitation to the park. The study also explored how fear of racism impacts middle class African Americans’ travel choices and how they negotiate constraints associated with racism. This study is guided by four research questions: (1) What factors prevent local African Americans’ visitation to CHSP? (2) How does Bourdieu’s concepts and theory explain African Americans’ non-visitation to CHSP and other outdoor recreation sites? (3) How does racism impact middle class African Americans’ travel choices? and (4) How do they negotiate fear of racism when they travel? A qualitative research approach was employed in this study. Archival method, site visits, and fact-to-face interview with 13 local African Americans were conducted. Data collection was implemented from October 2012 to March 2013. \n\nThe collected data provided rich information related to the phenomenon under investigation. First, racism was interwoven with the history of local community and Texas state parks. There has been a rapid increase of Black populations and white flight at cities around CHSP. Many incidents of racial discrimination were found in the history of the community and Texas state parks. Second, this study identified that (1) lack of information and encouragement, (2) lack of interest/cultural irrelevance, (3) lack of attraction, and (4) fear of racism were four main reasons African Americans do not visit CHSP or other state and national parks. These four reasons were closely interrelated with each other and commonly held racism as an underlying theme. The findings illustrated that racism is a foundation of the under-representation issue.
A Brief Analysis on Constructivism Theories and Intermediate Chinese Conversation Teaching

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Constructivism theories believe that learning process should be conducted under a specific condition, which is social and cultural background of the target language. Learner’s language ability is built through communication and activities that helps to shape meaningful construction. This theory has a very high impact on teaching conversation. This article discusses the Constructivism theory, its relation on learner’s word production, psychological mechanism and teaching intermediate conversation’s characteristics, as well as the feasibility and applicability of Constructivism theory in the process on teaching intermediate conversation.
Chemical Investigations of Hot Springs in Japan Geochemical Study of rubidium and Cesium in Hot Springs

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

温泉水中のルビジウム,セシウム含量とその分布を調べるため,主として北海道,青森県の温泉について炎光法によって定量を行なった。約80泉源のうち数例を除いてすべての温泉にルビジウム,セシウムはおのおの0.1～10mg/l,0.01～6.2mg/lの濃度範囲で広く分布しており,他のアルカリと同様対数正規分布をしている。一般にアルカリ含量の間にはNa>K>Li>Rb>Csの関係が認められた。ルビジウム,セシウムはナトリウムとは相関性はなく,Rb/Na,Cs/Naの値と泉質との間にも明らかな関係はない。他の天然水と比較すると,温泉水は,海水,油田塩水,河川水などよりこれらの成分に富んでいる。まにRb/Na,Cs/Naの値も海水,油田塩水よりは大きく,河川水や火成岩の値にやや近いことが明らかになった。しかし,これらの元素の温泉水中での行動は,他の微量成分たとえばリチウム,ストロンチウムなどほど特徴が見られない。
Dorothy Whittington, Southern California, 1931

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

2 photographic portraits of Dorothy Whittington, Southern California, 1931. "Subject: Dorothy; Client: Whittington, Dorothy; Original print order: 1 ea[ch]; Size: contact about 2x2 or what is necessary; Re-order: 6; Size: contact; Finish: Dull; Year: 1931; Job: 3-28-185" -- on envelope.
Non-economic approaches to competition: Lessons from psychoanalysis

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The paper suggests that several competitive behaviors are \nwell explained by psychological mechanism of human mind. And such explanations could be generalized to the behavior of all economic actors, to the firms’ strategies and actions on the market. Freud’s classical psychoanalysis is the framework to offer potential valid arguments for the role of competition in modern societies, for its significance and importance.
Anderson localization for the $1$-d Schrödinger operator with white noise potential

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We consider the random Schrödinger operator on $\mathbb{R}$ obtained by perturbing the Laplacian with a white noise. We prove that Anderson localization holds for this operator: almost surely the spectral measure is pure point and the eigenfunctions are exponentially localized. We give two separate proofs of this result. We also present a detailed construction of the operator and relate it to the parabolic Anderson model. Finally, we discuss the case where the noise is smoothed out.
Fitzgerald as Prose Technician: A Short Catalog of Rhetorical Devices

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract Using the taxonomy and the terminology of classical rhetoric, this article examines the prose of the four novels published in Fitzgerald's lifetime as well as several of his most notable short stories. This methodology enables one to go beyond the fuzzy descriptors—such as “brilliant,” “clear,” “vital,” “lucid,” “fluent,” “natural,” “fine,” and “rich”—often applied to Fitzgerald's writing. The article eschews the impressionistic in favor of a more “scientific” approach to that prose: through the exegetical microscope of the rhetorical lexicon, it demonstrates the surprising subtleties of Fitzgerald's linguistic craftsmanship. Without claiming that Fitzgerald was steeped in the terminology of classical rhetoric, it proposes that he at least had an intuitive understanding of the syllabic, lexical, aural, descriptive, metaphorical, syntactical, argumentative, grammatical, verisimilous, emotional, psychological, and even the comedic and satirical strategies and maneuvers that the terms describe and for which the ancient Greeks and Romans provided names and categories. The article concludes with a number of observations about Fitzgerald's careful and conscientious craftsmanship: some buttress widely accepted pronouncements about his prose style, techniques, and philosophy of composition; others, one hopes, are new insights that may surprise even Fitzgerald's most enthusiastic champions and be embraced by them.
Out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrests in the toilet in Japan: a population‐based descriptive study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aim This study aimed to reveal the characteristics and outcomes of patients with out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrests ( OHCA s) occurring in the toilet. These traits provide useful clues for the prevention of OHCA s and the improvement of prehospital care for these patients. Methods Out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest data were obtained from the population‐based, Utstein‐style registry in Osaka City, Japan, between 2009 and 2015. This study identified patients with OHCA s that occurred inside the toilet. The primary end‐point was 1‐month survival with favorable neurological outcome after OHCA . Results During the 7‐year study period, a total of 18,458 OHCA s were identified. Of these cases, 849 (4.6%) occurred inside the toilet. Among them, the analysis included 733 patients. The distribution depicting monthly OHCA occurrences showed that OHCA s tended to occur in cold months (28.1% [206/733] from October to December and 30.0% [220/733] from January to March). Most OHCA s occurring inside the toilet were of cardiac origin (91.5% [671/733]), and 36.2% (265/733) were witnessed by bystanders. The proportion of patients with ventricular fibrillation was 5.2% (38/733) and those receiving shocks by public‐access automated external defibrillators was 0.4% (3/733). The proportion of patients with 1‐month survival with favorable neurological outcome was 1.9% (14/733). Conclusions Out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrests occurring inside the toilet accounted for 4.6% of all OHCA s and were frequently observed during cold months, and their outcome was poor. Establishment of preventive measures against OHCA s occurring in the toilet as well as earlier recognition of OHCA s are needed.
Effect of Blended NPS Fertilizer Supplemented with Nitrogen on Yield Components and Yield of Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This experiment was conducted to assess the effect of blended NPS fertilizer supplemented with N and to estimate the economically feasible fertilizer rate for higher yield of bread wheat. The experiment consisted of three levels of NPS (100,150 and 200 kg ha -1 ) each supplemented with five levels of N (0, 23, 46, 69 and 92 kg N ha -1 ) and control. Randomized Complete Block Design in factorial arrangement with three replication was used. The results showed that the days to heading, grain filling period, aboveground dry biomass (AGB) and 1000-kernels weight significantly affected by main effect of NPS and N. The highest (17129 and 16822 kg ha -1 ) AGB were obtained due to 200 kg blended NPS ha -1 and 92 kg N ha -1 , respectively. Also the interaction of NPS with N rate had significant effect on most parameters. The highest grain yield (6832 kg ha -1 ),highest number of kernels per spike and highest harvest index were obtained from application of 200 kg NPS ha -1 with 92 kg of SN ha -1 . The results of the economic analysis showed that the maximum net return was obtained due to the application of 200 kg NPS ha -1 + 46 kg N ha -1 . In conclusion, a combined application of 200 kg NPS ha - 1 supplemented with 46 kg N ha -1 are recommended to achieve sustainable bread wheat. However, the experiment was conducted only in one location for one season, so further studies at different locations for several years should be conducted in the study area before giving a conclusive recommendation. Keywords : blended NPS fertilizer; bread wheat; grain yield; inorganic N fertilizer
[Determination of melamine residue in raw milk and dairy products using hydrophilic interaction chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry].

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

A method for the determination of melamine residue in raw milk and dairy products was developed using hydrophilic interaction chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (HILIC-ESI-MS/MS). The melamine residue in the test sample was extracted with 1% trichloroacetic acid-acetonitrile (1 : 1, v/v) solution. The homogenate was centrifuged and the supernatant was collected. The extract was cleaned up using a mixed-mode cation exchange (MCX) solid-phase extraction cartridge and then concentrated, and analyzed by HILIC-ESI-MS/MS. The gradient chromatographic separation was performed using a hydrophilic silica column (250 mm x 4.6 mm, 5 microm) with 10 mmol/L ammonium acetate buffer (pH 3.0) and acetonitrile as the mobile phases. Due to its hydrophilic property, melamine was well retained on the column and seperated from other compounds. It effectively reduced matrix effect. A triple quadruple mass spectrometer equipped with an electrospray ionization source was employed for the qualitative and quantitative measurement of melamine. The melamine was quantified using the fragments produced from the protonated melamine ion through multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) in positive ion mode. Two MRM transitions from the protonated melamine ion (m/z 127 --> 85 and m/z 127 --> 68) were monitored. The average recoveries were between 76.3% and 98.7% in the spiked range of 0.5 to 10 mg/kg in raw milk and dairy products, and the relative standard deviations were less than 6.8%. The linear range was from 0.05 to 10.0 mg/L. The limit of quantification (S/N > 10) was 0.05 mg/kg. The method is highly selective and sensitive for the measurements of melamine and adequate for the analysis of melamine in raw milk and dairy products.
The Temporal Relationship between Symptoms of Social Anxiety and Depression in Children and Adolescents

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

아동과 청소년의 사회불안 증상과 우울 증상간의 시간적 관계를 밝히고자 초등학교 4, 5학년 364명과 고등학교 1, 2학년 373명을 대상으로 6개월 간격으로 두 차례에 걸쳐 사회불안 증상과 우울 증상을 측정하였다. 연구 결과, 사회불안 증상의 안정성은 아동 .48, 청소년 .70 이었으며, 우울 증상의 안정성은 아동 .54, 청소년 .65 이었다. 아동 자료에서 1차시기의 우울 수준을 통제한 후에도 사회불안 증상은 6개월 후의 우울 증상의 증가에 영향을 주었으며, 우울 증상 또한 1차시기의 사회불안 수준을 통제한 후에도 6개월 후의 사회불안 증상의 증가에 영향을 주었다. 청소년 자료에서 1차시기의 사회불안 증상은 6개월 후의 우울 증상에 영향을 주지 않았고, 1차시기의 우울 증상은 6개월 후의 사회불안 증상에 영향을 주었으나 중복 문항을 제외하고 재분석한 결과, 그 영향은 유의하지 않았다.
Synthetic, Structural, and Conformational Studies of Methylated Ring-Expanded Nucleosides Containing the Ihidazo[4, 5-

e

][1, 4]Diazepine Ring System

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Syntheses of 4- and 7-methyl 4, 5, 7, 8-tetrahydro-6H-3-(β-ribofuranosyl)imidazo[4, 5-e] [1, 4]diazepine-5, 8-dione, 3 and 1, respectively, are reported. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis of the aglycon of 3 aided in confirming the site of methylation in 3, and that of 4 in elucidating the solid state conformation of 4. Solution conformations of 3 and 4, along with their parent nucleoside 1 and the latter's 1-glycosyl regioisomer 2, were investigated by NOE and CD measurements.
Disposal of the person’s hospitalization in the medical insitution for conducting forensic examinations in the criminal procceedings

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Individual freedom is one of the fundamental values protected by the European Convention on Human Rights, due to its importance, requiring a rigorous review by the European Court of Human Rights of any measure that could infringe this value. At the same time, this fundamental right is protected by the Constitution of the Republic of Moldova and the Code of Criminal Procedure, due to which individual freedom is inviolable, and its coercion is allowed only in cases and with the procedure strictly regulated by law. The hospitalization of the person in the medical institution is a form of de privation of liberty and, respectively, it is going to take place only on the basis of a court authorization. At the same time, the person’s hospitalization can affect the right to privacy. It is therefore strictly necessary that the whole procedure be followed imperatively and without exception. The disposition of the forced internment of the person in a medical institution for the performance of judicial expertise in the criminal process is within the competence of the investigating judge. Therefore, this article is dedicated to the procedure regarding the hospitalization of the person in the medical institution, on the basis of grounds and reasons on which the hospitalization can take place, the attribution of the criminal investigation body and the prosecutor in cases when there is a need to hospitalize the person.