jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Gut Flora Mediated Mouse Metabolic Health Risk Caused by Dietary Exposure of Acetamiprid and Tebuconazole

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Background: Dietary pesticide residue is an important dietary inducement of metabolic syndrome. Results: Chronic inflammation, insulin resistance, obesity, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease were induced to tested mice through long-term and low-level of acetamiprid and tebuconazole. On the basis of these phenotypes, the mouse gut flora with metabolites, host circulation metabolic profiling, and their interrelations were investigated, and host metabolic pathways were detected. Results showed that pesticide exposure differently altered the abundance of gut microbial species, such as high ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes and increased high lipopolysaccharide-production species. Correlation analysis between gut flora and its metabolic profiling further explained these changes and their associations. Under these influences, metabolic profiling of host serum and liver was performed, and metabolic disorders were characterized. The relationships between serum and gut flora were determined via their significantly different metabolites. Alterations to the metabolic pathways of liver were clarified to deeply explore the influences on host physiology. Host metabolic disorders were evidently released by fructooligosaccharide and fecal microbiota transplantation intervention, directly proving that gut flora is a vital medium in metabolic health risk caused by pesticide exposure. Conclusion: Dietary long-term and low-level pesticides threated metabolic health via affecting intestinal flora. Metabolism of intestinal flora and host were all stressed by the exposure, and their alterations were in close proximity. Dietary interventions mitigated metabolic diseases via improving disorder of intestinal flora. This work supplied theoretical bases and intervention approaches to body metabolic problems caused by pesticides exposure on the basis of gut flora.
Maternal and child health deteriorates in developing world.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Although increasing numbers of women and children are utilizing health care services in the Third World, health indicators fail to show the expected improvement and, in Africa, maternal-child health status continues to deteriorate. The risk of maternal mortality for African women 15-44 years of age is 1 in 23. Worldwide, there are 4.2 million infant deaths each year and 17% of infants are low birth weight. In response to this situation, the WHO's Executive Board plans to require evidence of program performance and high quality of care as a prerequisite for any major investments in maternal and newborn health care. WHO estimates that improvements in the quality of care of women and children already enrolled in health services could reduce mortality by as much as 50%. Large numbers of health workers fail to test for anemia or measure blood pressure; in other cases, these essential tasks cannot be performed because of a lack of equipment and supplies. Inequities in access to care remain a major problem; however, even when services are available, many women do not use them because of culturally insensitive staff or a nonresponsiveness to community needs. WHO is calling, in addition, for an increased commitment throughout the health system to family planning, more attention to training health workers, improvements in the quality of maternal-child health care at district-based stations, and application of standard WHO methods in the diagnosis and treatment of common maternal-child conditions.
Comparison of methods for the determination of available lysine value in animal and vegetable protein sources

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract The measurement of available lysine in high‐protein animal and vegetable meals for use in compounded animal feedingstuffs, is discussed. A semi‐automatic method, based on the measurement of total lysine and the lysine remaining after treatment of the meals with fluorodinitrobenzene, is compared for fish and groundnut meals with the established methods of Carpenter and of Rao et al .
Random PCR‐based genotyping by sequencing technology GRAS‐Di (genotyping by random amplicon sequencing, direct) reveals genetic structure of mangrove fishes

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract While various technologies for high‐throughput genotyping have been developed for ecological studies, simple methods tolerant to low‐quality DNA samples are still limited. In this study, we tested the availability of a random PCR‐based genotyping‐by‐sequencing technology, genotyping by random amplicon sequencing, direct (GRAS‐Di). We focused on population genetic analysis of estuarine mangrove fishes, including two resident species, the Amboina cardinalfish ( Fibramia amboinensis , Bleeker, 1853) and the Duncker's river garfish ( Zenarchopterus dunckeri , Mohr, 1926), and a marine migrant, the blacktail snapper ( Lutjanus fulvus , Forster, 1801). Collections were from the Ryukyu Islands, southern Japan. PCR amplicons derived from ~130 individuals were pooled and sequenced in a single lane on a HiSeq2500 platform, and an average of three million reads was obtained per individual. Consensus contigs were assembled for each species and used for genotyping of single nucleotide polymorphisms by mapping trimmed reads onto the contigs. After quality filtering steps, 4,000–9,000 putative single nucleotide polymorphisms were detected for each species. Although DNA fragmentation can diminish genotyping performance when analysed on next‐generation sequencing technology, the effect was small. Genetic differentiation and a clear pattern of isolation‐by‐distance was observed in F. amboinensis and Z. dunckeri by means of principal component analysis, F ST and the admixture analysis. By contrast, L. fulvus comprised a genetically homogeneous population with directional recent gene flow. These genetic differentiation patterns reflect patterns of estuary use through life history. These results showed the power of GRAS‐Di for fine‐grained genetic analysis using field samples, including mangrove fishes.
Spectral and Antimicrobial Activity Studies on Bis Glycine Hydro Bromide Semi-Organic Crystal

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The crystal of bis glycine hydro bromide was harvested from the slow evaporation method at room temperature and it was subjected to the single crystal XRD study for confirmation which ensures that the grown crystal has P212121space group with orthorhombic structure. The PXRD analysis shows crystalline nature of the title crystal. The various functional groups present in the crystal were analyzed by the FT-IR and FT-Raman spectroscopy techniques. The optical band gap was determined by the UV-Visible spectroscopy analyzes. The SEM with EDX analyzes shows that the grown crystal has smooth surface and well defined shape. The elemental composition study confirms the presence of elements in the title crystal. The antimicrobial activity of title crystal was tested against the four different micro-organisms by disc diffusion method. This result reveals that the parent and its complex crystals have no antibacterial effect.
Peningkatan Prestasi Belajar Matematika Melalui Penguatan Minat dan Disiplin Belajar

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this research is to determine: (1) The combined influence of learning interest and discipline on mathematics learning achievement. (2) The influence of students' learning interest on mathematics learning achievement. (3) The influence of discipline on mathematics achievement. The method used is a survey method. The total population in this study consists of 600 students, and the sample taken for this research is 10% of the population, which is 60 students. The results of hypothesis testing indicate: (1) There is a significant combined influence of learning interest and discipline on mathematics learning achievement. This is evidenced by the significance value of 0.000 < 0.05 and an F value of 27.097. (2) There is a significant influence of learning interest on mathematics achievement. This is evidenced by the significance value of 0.000 < 0.05 and a t value of 5.544. (3) There is a significant influence of discipline on mathematics learning achievement. This is evidenced by the significance value of 0.035 < 0.05 and a t value of 2.155. This research is valuable for enhancing the quality of teaching and the mathematics learning achievement of students in a Private Vocational School in Central Jakarta.
Balancing Competing Demands: Position-Taking and Election Proximity in the European Parliament

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Parties value unity, yet, members of parliament face competing demands, giving them incentives to deviate from the party. For members of the European Parliament (MEPs), these competing demands are national party and European party group pressures. Here, we look at how MEPs respond to those competing demands. We examine ideological shifts within a single parliamentary term to assess how European Parliament (EP) election proximity a ects party group cohesion. Our formal model of legislative behavior with multiple principals yields the following hypothesis: When EP elections are proximate, national party delegations shift toward national party positions, thus weakening EP party group cohesion. For our empirical test, we analyze roll call data from the fth EP (1999-2004) using Bayesian item response models. We nd signi cant movement among national party delegations as EP elections approach, which is consistent with our theoretical model, but surprising given the existing literature on EP elections as second-order contests.
Orofacial pain and its potential oral causes in older people with mild cognitive impairment or dementia

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Summary Background The number of people with dementia and natural dentition is growing. As dementia progresses, the degree of self‐care decreases and the risk of oral health problems and orofacial pain increases. Objectives To examine and compare the presence of orofacial pain and its potential causes in older people with Mild Cognitive Impairment ( MCI ) or dementia. Methods In this cross‐sectional observational study, the presence of orofacial pain and its potential causes was studied in 348 participants with MCI or dementia with all levels of cognitive impairment in two outpatient memory clinics and ten nursing homes. Results Orofacial pain was reported by 25.7% of the 179 participants who were considered to present a reliable pain self‐report (Mini‐Mental State Examination score ≥14 points), while it could not be determined in people with more severe cognitive impairment. The oral health examination of the 348 participants indicated that potential painful conditions, such as coronal caries, root caries, tooth root remnants or ulcers were present in 50.3%. There was a significant correlation between the level of cognitive impairment and the number of teeth, r = 0.185, P = 0.003, teeth with coronal caries, r = −0.238, P < 0.001, and the number of tooth root remnants, r = −0.229, P = 0.004, after adjusting for age. Conclusions This study indicated that orofacial pain and its potential causes were frequently present in participants with MCI or dementia. Therefore, a regular oral examination by (oral) healthcare providers in people with MCI or dementia remains imperative, even if no pain is reported.
A Resource Management System Based on the ODP Trader Concepts and X.500

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Distributed computing systems are composed of various types of hardware and software resources. Providing a reliable and efficient distributed computing environment largely depends on the effective management of these resources and the services that they provide. ISO has begun work on a proposed standard for Open Distributed Processing (ODP). The ODP framework includes a mechanism called the Trader which provides a framework for exchanging services in an open distributed computing environment. This paper presents a design of a resource information management system which employs and extends the ODP Trader concepts to facilitate the management and use of resources, information about resources and the services provided by the resources. We describe the architecture, information model, and user interface of the resource management system. We also describe a prototype implementation which uses the X.500 Directory Service as its repository for resource information and report on our experience with it to date.
MEASUREMENT AND PREDICTION OF DEPOSITIONAL ACCURACY IN DISPERSANT SPRAYING FROM LARGE AIRPLANES

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

ABSTRACT Aerial application of dispersants has progressed to include very large airplanes, such as the Hercules C-130, for which a portable spray unit has been developed. This unit, which can be rapidly placed in the cargo aircraft (without any mechanical alterations) was flight tested with spraying of a dispersant concentrate in 1982. The tests measured actual deposition of chemical under various conditions. The most definitive data were collected using a “deposition track,” positioned on the ground across the flight path of the airplane. The dyed dispersant was recovered from this track and the data converted to amount per unit area, and to percent of total pumped fluid on-target. The results led to correlation of depositional accuracy in terms of the air shear experienced by the sprayed fluid. The data has been further used to develop a mathematical prediction for design of dispersant treatment procedures using high-speed airplanes. Use of these considerations in operational planning can improve dispersant dosage control by preventing both under-treatment and wasteful off-target drift.
Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of Chemoreception Organs of Laodelphax striatellus in Response to Rice Stripe Virus Infection

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Many vector-borne viruses possess the ability to manipulate vector behaviors to facilitate their transmission. There is evidence that the mechanism of this phenomenon has been described in part as direct manipulation through regulating vector chemosensation. Rice stripe virus (RSV) is transmitted by the small brown planthopper, Laodelphax striatellus (Fallen), in a persistent, circulative–propagative manner. The effect of RSV infection on the olfactory system of L. striatellus has not been fully elucidated. Here, we employed transcriptomic sequencing to analyze gene expression profiles in antennae, legs and heads (without antennae) from L. striatellus females and males with/without RSV infection. Comparisons of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) among antennae, legs and heads indicated that tissue-specific changes in the gene expression profile were greater than sex-specific changes. A total of 17 olfactory related genes were differentially expressed in viruliferous antennae as compared to nonviruliferous antennae, including LstrOBP4/9, LstrCSP1/2/5, LstrGR28a/43a/43a-1, LstrIR1/2/NMDA1, LstrOR67/85e/56a/94 and LstrSNMP2/2-2. There are 23 olfactory related DEGs between viruliferous and nonviruliferous legs, including LstrOBP2/3/4/12/13, LstrCSP13/5/10, LstrIR1/2/Delta2/Delta2-1/kainate2/NMDA2, LstrOR12/21/31/68 and LstrORco. A low number of olfactory related DEGs were found between viruliferous and nonviruliferous heads, including LstrCSP1, LstrOBP2, LstrOR67 and LstrSNMP2-2. Among these DEGs, the expression patterns of LstrOBP2, LstrOBP3 and LstrOBP9 in three tissues was validated by quantitative real-time PCR. The demonstration of overall changes in the genes in L. striatellus’ chemoreception organs in response to RSV infection would not only improve our understanding of the effect of RSV on the olfactory related genes of insect vectors but also provide insights into developing approaches to control the plant virus transmission and spread as well as pest management in the future.
SOTER-based soil parameter estimates (SOTWIS) for the Indo-Gangetic Plains of India (version 1.0)

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

This harmonized set of soil parameter estimates for the Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP) of India, at scale 1:1 000 000, has been derived from soil and terrain data collated in SOTER format by staff of the National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning (NBSS & LUP) at Nagpur, India. The data set has been prepared for use in the project on "Assessment of soil organic carbon stocks and change at ... national scale" (GEFSOC), which has IGP-India as one of its four case study areas (see http://www.nrel.colostate.edu/projects/gefsoc-uk/). The land surface of IGP-India has been characterized using 36 unique SOTER units, corresponding with 497 polygons. The major soils of these units have been described using 36 profiles, selected by national soil experts as being representative for these units. The associated soil analytical data have been derived from soil survey reports. Gaps in the measured soil profile data have been filled using a scheme of taxotransfer rules. Parameter estimates are presented by soil unit for fixed depth intervals of 0.2 m to 1 m depth for: organic carbon, total nitrogen, pH(H2O), CECsoil, CECclay, base saturation, effective CEC, aluminum saturation, CaCO3 content, gypsum content, exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP), electrical conductivity of saturated paste (ECe), bulk density, content of sand, silt and clay, content of coarse fragments, and available water capacity(-33 to-1500 kPa). These attributes have been identified as being useful for agro-ecological zoning, land evaluation, crop growth simulation, modelling of soil carbon stocks and change, and analyses of global environmental change. The current parameter estimates should be seen as best estimates based on the current selection of soil profiles and data clustering procedure; taxotransfer rules have been flagged to provide an indication of the confidence in the derived data. Results are presented as summary files and can be linked to the 1:1M scale SOTER map in a GIS, through the unique SOTER-unit code. The secondary SOTER data set for IGP-India is considered appropriate for exploratory studies at regional scale (<1:1M); correlation of soil analytical data should be done more rigorously when more detailed scientific work is considered.
Systematic review of patient and service outcome measures of remote digital technologies for cochlear implant and hearing aid users

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Introduction The use of telehealth for cochlear implant (CI) and hearing aid service provision has the potential to provide efficient, effective, and equitable services to users. However, clinicians require evidence that remote technologies provide care that is equal, or superior to, standard delivery. There are many outcome measures used across audiology, however there is little consensus for a standardized approach to assessment. This systematic review aims to identify the outcome measures to assess remote technologies for CI and hearing aid users, as a first step in a larger project to develop a core outcome set for remote technologies in CI users. Methods A systematic search of seven electronic databases was conducted using a search strategy defined by PICOTS for the research question. Eligible studies were in English and published in 2012 onwards. Search strategy, selection, and data collection followed PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Results This systematic literature review of 49 articles revealed over 250 discrete outcomes. Outcome measures were grouped into core areas, outcome domains, and outcome sub-domains. Studies assessing remote technology for CI users assessed significantly more outcomes in the ear and labyrinth domain (43% vs. 10%) and studies assessing remote technology in hearing aid users assessed significantly more outcomes in the cognitive (28% vs. 5%) and emotional (35% vs. 10%) functioning domains. Outcome measures within the auditory functioning domain were also significantly different, with CI studies utilizing more speech perception measures (95% vs. 21%) and hearing aid studies utilizing significantly more self-reported outcome measures (73% vs. 19%). Discussion The inclusion of hearing aid studies was to ensure that all key outcome domains used within remote hearing rehabilitation were captured, as well as to compare differences in outcome domains between the two user groups. There were significant differences between studies of remote technologies for CI and hearing aid users. These results will inform the ongoing development of a core outcome set for remote technologies in CI users. Systematic Review Registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=370171 , identifier: CRD42022370171.
Baseline survey: Summary report of district Upper Dir

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This summary report presents some of the key findings of a 2005 baseline household survey in Upper Dir district, one of the ten districts in Pakistan that are the focus of the PAIMAN project. The Pakistan Initiative for Mothers and Newborns (PAIMAN) is a five-year project funded by the United States Agency for International Development. The project is committed to assisting the Government of Pakistan in implementing the full spectrum of interventions necessary to address maternal and neonatal health (MNH) issues. PAIMAN district survey results are presented individually for each of the ten districts. PAIMAN developed a monitoring and evaluation plan to ensure that the success of the project was properly attained, and the appropriate lessons learned. The baseline household survey was conducted to understand local MNH perceptions and practices. The study population included all currently married women of reproductive age living in Upper Dir district.
Religious Trend in Contemporary Indonesia: Conservatism Domination on Social Media

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Religion is predicted to dissipate from social significance through the processes of development or economic modernization. Classical secularization theory forecasted religion in the modern era will face some circumstances such as 1) the decline of personal faith, religious beliefs and practices; and (2) the retreat of religion from public space (Cassanova: 1994, 2010). However, the supporters of secularization and modernization theories failed to notice that religion did not disappear from the public sphere. The opposite occurs in Southeast Asia. Economic development program and modernization could work hand-in-hand with religion in the region (Feener and Fountain: 2018).In the context of Indonesia, the issue of religion has gone through ups and downs. The story of Indonesia’s revival of Islam had been begun when the country experienced anti-communist campaigns of 1965-66 (McVey: 2006). Since then, the government obliged all of its societies to profess one of Indonesia’s recognized religions: Islam, Catholicism, Protestantism, Buddhism, and Hinduism (now Confucianism has been added to the list) (Qurtuby: 2013). The pressure for all citizens to embrace one particular recognized religion resulted in great conversion from local religions/faiths—Hindu, Buddha, abangan, etc.—to Islam (Hefner: 1987a, 1987b, 1989; cf. Beatty: 1999). It then witnesses rapid growth of the grassroots Islam and the spread of Islamization (Houben: 2003).