jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
S82 Longitudinal Immunoprofiling of Pancreatic Cancer Patients to Identify Mediators of Therapy Resistance

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the 4th leading cause of cancer-related death in the US. Although pancreatic cancer cells show susceptibility to standard chemotherapeutic agents, most patients eventually develop resistance, leading to poor survival. There is thus an urgent need to understand how pancreatic cancer cells become resistant to standard therapies. A large body of work using murine models implicate the myeloid compartment of the immune microenvironment playing a role in therapy resistance, yet longitudinal human studies remain scarce. To study the effect of chemotherapy on the systemic immune response of PDAC patients, we performed high resolution immune profiling of 30 PDAC patients longitudinally over the course of their treatment. Methods: Patients were consented according to IRB HUM00025339 for longitudinal blood collection. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from blood and profiled using single cell RNA sequencing and mass cytometry with a custom tailored immune panel to profile the immune landscape at the single-cell RNA and protein level, respectively. Data were analyzed using the Seurat pipeline and the Cytobank platform. Results: We performed mass cytometry on longitudinally matched PBMCs from 30 patients and single cell RNA sequencing on 6 patients in the treatment naïve and on treatment state. Mass cytometry revealed distinct alterations in the myeloid population, with a shift toward CXCR2hiPD-L1hi granulocytes with FOLFIRINOX treatment over time (Fig1A). Analysis of PBMCs at the single cell level shows a distinct myeloid signature with FOLFIRINOX and in particular highlights interleukin-8, a chemokine involved in myeloid cell chemotaxis that is associated with poor prognosis in pancreatic cancer (Fig1B). Conclusion: Longitudinal sampling of patient blood reveals a shift in the immunosuppressive myeloid population with chemotherapy, and further studies show a myeloid signature of genes associated with treatment. Going forward, we will extend our pipeline to include analysis of tumor tissue before and after chemotherapy, leveraging endoscopic fine needle biopsies both at initial tissue diagnosis and again after chemotherapy at fiducial marker placement for patients in whom radiation treatment is indicated. These studies will allow for a rigorous study of the changes in the local and systemic immune system that characterize this deadly disease, and will provide information on how to leverage these changes to overcome therapy resistance.Figure 1.: Fib 1A) tSNE analysis on representative matched peripheral blood of 3 patients before treatment and after 10 months of FOLFIRINOX therapy. Fig 1B) Unbiased differential expression in peripheral myeloid cells in treatment naive (TI) and on-treatment (T2) PDAC patient blood. Significantly up- and down-regulated genes are plotted as average expression per patient. Purple arrows denote interleukin-8 and its receptor, CXCR2.
STRONG FLOWS OF VISCOELASTIC WORMLIKE MICELLE SOLUTIONS

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The unique rheological properties of viscoelastic wormlike micelle solutions have led to their broad use as rheological modifiers in consumer products such as paints, detergents, pharmaceuticals, lubricants and emulsifiers. In addition, micelle solutions have also become increasingly important in a wide range of industrial and commercial applications including agrochemical spraying, inkjet printing, turbulent drag reduction and enhanced oil recovery. Until recently, our knowledge of the rheology and flow behavior of these fluids was limited to linear viscoelasticity measurements where wormlike micelle solutions have been shown to behave as ideal Maxwell fluids, and steady shear rheology measurements where wormlike micelles often demonstrate shear banding. In this review, we survey recent experimental and theoretical developments for nonlinear rheology of viscoelastic wormlike micelle solutions and the response of these complex fluids to strong flows. Specific emphasis will be placed on extensional rheology measurements and complex flows having strong extensional components. In many of these flows, viscoelastic wormlike micelle
Study of preferential concentration in turbulent flows using combined graph theory and Voronoï analysis

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Collisions between particles in turbulent flows may be enhanced by the formation of clusters due to the preferential concentration effect. However, the internal sub-structure of the clusters remains unclear. This paper describes using the “degree of a node” and the “shortest path length” from graph theory, in combination with Voronoï analysis, to gain further insight into both the structure and internal sub-structure of a cluster. This is demonstrated on experimental measurements obtained from a confined counter-flow/jet system. A minority of the particles, which comprise large clusters, are found to have a significantly large number of neighboring particles for collisions. However, particles which comprise small clusters typically have a random number of neighbors.
Recent Advances in Third-Space Endoscopy.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The capabilities of interventional gastrointestinal endoscopy have significantly increased over the past several decades. Improvements in devices and techniques have eased the transfer of novel concepts from bench to bedside. The concept of submucosal endoscopy with mucosal flap safety valve has enabled endoscopists to securely use submucosal space, or third space. Peroral endoscopic myotomy was the initial procedure performed utilizing submucosal space in patients with achalasia. Subsequently, this technique has been used successfully for removal of subepithelial tumors from the esophagus and the stomach. All third-space endoscopy procedures use a similar technique-a submucosal tunnel is created, and then a myotomy is performed or a subepithelial tumor is dissected away from the initial site of the mucosal incision. The other potential indications for third-space endoscopy include refractory gastroparesis, Zenker diverticulum, and restoration of completely obstructed esophageal lumen. Although the emerging data look promising for peroral endoscopic myotomy and pyloromyotomy, randomized studies with long-term follow-up are lacking. Submucosal endoscopy is largely safe, and the occurrence of major adverse events is uncommon. Therefore, the majority of third-space endoscopy procedures can be performed in an endoscopy suite. The most frequently encountered adverse events during submucosal endoscopy include those related to insufflation, bleeding, and perforations.
Aharonov-Bohm type effects and the interference of macro-molecules

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Given that it is now possible to observe the interference of molecules with comparatively numerous internal degrees of freedom, we might wonder what role these extra degrees of freedom play in the traditional double‐slit experiment. Here we seek to understand the effect of these degrees of freedom in an Aharonov‐Bohm type experiment. We find, perhaps unsurprisingly that an ionised object can exhibit the Aharonov‐Bohm effect in a manner which is independent of its internal structure. Meanwhile, the Aharonov‐Bohm type effects involving objects with magnetic, or electric dipole moments (the Aharonov‐Casher and He‐McKellar‐Wilkens effects, respectively) depend explicitly upon the structure. When—due to some specified dynamics of the internal variables—an object's dipole moment changes during the experiment, we find that the corresponding phase shift depends upon the time average and variance of the internal dynamics. Furthermore, given that the internal dynamics are, to an extent, dependent upon the centre of mass motion there is also a small, transient loss of coherence associated with each internal degree of freedom.
Jewish schools rather than Jewish education? School choice and community dynamics in multicultural society

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The expansion of faith schooling in countries such as England raises important questions about their appeal in multicultural societies. Through a case study approach, this article aims to understand the influences behind parents' decisions to send their children to Jewish schools. It illustrates a tension experienced by Jewish parents between a desire for their children to be educated as a community of 'similar' peers, and the segregation that might result as a consequence. In order to 'justify' their choice of separate schooling, parents constructed a desirable, essentialized notion of Jewishness that coalesced their two main selection criteria, academic standards and the presence of other Jewish students. By operationalizing their Jewishness for 'secular' purposes in such a way, they were able to secure a perceived superior academic education whilst avoiding disfavoured 'others' in multicultural comprehensive schools, and in the process defined multiculturalism on their own terms. Consequently, the article foregrounds the broader dynamics of multiculturalism and community that are implicated in questions of (faith) school choice, and the complex intertwinement of parents' school selection criteria.
Making Tibetans in China

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Tibet is required by China to have an education system that popularizes basic education, and also socializes Chinese citizens into a political discourse consonant with the state program to build a harmonious society (Wang & Lou, 2007; Wu, 1995, 1999). The extent to which this so-called civilizing mission occurs is reflected in enrolment rates, school curriculum, the medium of instruction, and preferential treatment policies. Yet, the success or failure of this major effort hinges to a great extent upon how much and how many Tibetan households become persuaded by the logic of modern state schooling and the value of schools for survival within an expansive market economy (Postiglione, Jiao, & Gyatso, 2006). New patterns of population mobility, increased flows of information from outside Tibet, and rapid economic change have had a profound effect on the transmission and replication of traditional culture. Views differ about the way this transmission process has been managed and directed (Dorjee & Giles, 2005; Sautman & Dreyer, 2005). Nevertheless, the expansion of educational opportunities has made Tibetans more like Chinese, though no less Tibetan, as ethnic identities are remodeled by state schooling and responded to by local communities. Regardless of the cultural transformations taking place in Tibet, the analysis of the education system, policies, programs, problems, and practices has to be based on the realities of students, households, schools, teachers, and communities. This chapter discusses several questions: How are Tibetans being educated? What and how do Tibetans learn in China's schools? How do nomadic Tibetan communities adapt to state schools? How do schools remake Tibetans? What are the views of elite students about their education? This chapter focuses on the Tibetan Autonomous Region (TAR), where Tibetans constitute virtually all of the rural and nomadic population. 1 It provides a brief background review of the policies that shape education in the TAR, and results of research on the neidi or dislocated secondary schools for Tibetans in urban Chinese cities. It argues that, while enrollment rates continue to rise, most schooling produces mixed results, in terms of providing a quality learning environment that can propel academic achievement to a level comparable with the national average, as well as foster a harmonious multiculturalism.
Rational Expectations and Macroeconomic Forecasts

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper presents extensive results from testing for bias and serially correlated errors in a large collection of quarterly multiperiod predictions from surveys conducted since 1968 by the National Bureau of Economic Research and the American Statistical Association.The tests of the joint null hypothesis that the regressions of actual on predicted values have zero intercepts and unitary slope coefficients are very unfavorable to the expectations of inflation, hut they show the forecasts of several other variables in a generally much better light.There have been strong tendencies for the forecasters in this period to underestimate inflation and overestimate real growth.Considerable attention is given to the effects of the sample size--the issue of the power of the tests--and also to the extent and role o.E autocorrelations among the residual errors from these regressions.Rationality in the sense of efficient use of relevant information implies the absence of systematic elements in series of errors from the forecaster's own predictions, measured strictly in the form in which such errors could have been known at the time of the forecast.The frequencies of significant autocorrelations among errors so measured vary greatly across the forecasts for different variables, being very high for inflation, high for inventory investment and the unemployment rate, and much lower for most of the predictions of the other variables covered (rates of change in nominal and real GNP and expenditures on consumer durables).The corresponding tests for the group mean forecasts show much less evidence of serially correlated ex ante errors, except for inflation.
Steps in Mechanotransduction Pathways that Control Cell Morphology

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

It is increasingly clear that mechanotransduction pathways play important roles in regulating fundamental cellular functions. Of the basic mechanical functions, the determination of cellular morphology is critical. Cells typically use many mechanosensitive steps and different cell states to achieve a polarized shape through repeated testing of the microenvironment. Indeed, morphology is determined by the microenvironment through periodic activation of motility, mechanotesting, and mechanoresponse functions by hormones, internal clocks, and receptor tyrosine kinases. Patterned substrates and controlled environments with defined rigidities limit the range of cell behavior and influence cell state decisions and are thus very useful for studying these steps. The recently defined rigidity sensing process provides a good example of how cells repeatedly test their microenvironment and is also linked to cancer. In general, aberrant extracellular matrix mechanosensing is associated with numerous conditions, including cardiovascular disease, aging, and fibrosis, that correlate with changes in tissue morphology and matrix composition. Hence, detailed descriptions of the steps involved in sensing and responding to the microenvironment are needed to better understand both the mechanisms of tissue homeostasis and the pathomechanisms of human disease.
Croissance du chômage et développement des théories économiques

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Unemployment growth and progress in economic theory. Progress in neo-classic and keynesian theory has led to unemployment analysis as «Job Search» or «Classic and Keynesian unemployment». But the ability of those analyses to understand unemployment growth and continuance in the whole developed world is moderate. Attempts to synthesise classic and keynesian unemployment in an unique process do not take into consideration that, from a macro-economic point of view, wages are both a cost and an income. Explaining unemployment as a result of a process of intensive accumulation leads to very disturbing conclusions: even the end of the crisis will not lead to founding more jobs. So, if unemployment will persist, job rationing scheme matters a good deal. As now, «dual society» is mainly dependant upon official economy and not upon black or informal economy, as often quoted.
Nature imagery in user interface design: the influence on user perceptions of trust and aesthetics

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

User interfaces often utilise imagery of pristine natural environments, even if the system’s purpose and context are unrelated to nature. In this paper, we build on evolutionary psychology to develop a theoretical model for the influence of nature imagery on user perceptions of trust, visual aesthetics, and purchase intentions in a corporate sales setting. We evaluate our model by means of an online experiment (n = 408) using a website with different configurations of nature imagery. The results provide support for our theoretical model and hence confirm a positive influence of nature presence, that is, the extent to which the website allows a user to experience the natural environment as being present, on trust, visual aesthetics, and purchase intentions. Thereby, user perceptions of nature presence are specifically linked to nature imagery depicting water as well as vegetation. This study furthers our understanding of how the environmental context of on-site imagery can have subtle information processing benefits for users. For practitioners this study offers insight to the types of imagery that could be utilised more effectively in corporate interface designs.
[Comparison of mesiodistal root angulation between panoramic radiography and reconstructed panoramic images from cone beam computed tomography].

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

By choosing the tooth center plane, the panoramic images reconstructed from CBCT with the Frankfort plane horizontal position in maxilla and the occlusal plane horizontal position in mandible were equally effective. The reconstructed panoramic images can be used as the panoramic radiograph in the assessment of the mesiodistal root angulation.
Genetic Analysis of a New Virescent Mutant in Cotton1

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A spontaneous mutant in cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.) is described, and the results of its genetic analysis are reported. This mutant was called virescent‐splash‐leaf because it showed a typical virescent expression, and portions of the leaf surface had a splash‐leaf appearance resulting from abnormal palisade cell development. Expression of the virescent phenotype was consistent, but the splash‐leaf expression was variable. The incidence of the splash‐leaf expression was associated with cool temperatures. The mutant was conditioned by recessive alleles at a single locus. Because it was non‐allelic with any known virescent mutants, it was designated as virescent‐8 and assigned the gene symbols v 8 v 8 . Linkage analysis of virescent‐8 did not reveal any significant association with the marker loci: cup leaf, glandless‐1, frego bract, cluster‐1, virescent‐1, Okra leaf, Red plant, Pilose, Petal spot, Yellow petals, Pollen color, Brown lint‐1, Naked seed, or Green lint.
Airborne effluent control at uranium mills

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The Oak Ridge National Laboratory has made an engineering cost--environmental benefit study of radioactive waste treatment systems for decreasing the amount of radioactive materials released from uranium ore processing mills. This paper summarizes the results of the study which pertain to the control and/or abatement of airborne radioactive materials from the mill processes. The tailings area is not included. Present practices in the uranium milling industry, with particular emphasis on effluent control and waste management, have been surveyed. A questionnaire was distributed to each active mill in the United States. Replies were received from about 75 percent of the mill operators. Visits were made to six operating uranium mills that were selected because they represented the different processes in use today and the newest, most modern in mill designs. Discussions were held with members of the Region IV Office of NRC and the Grand Junction Office of ERDA. Nuclear Science Abstracts, as well as other sources, were searched for literature pertinent to uranium mill processes, effluent control, and waste management.
Radar based rainfall nowcasting and its characteristic prediction based on spatially correlated random field, normalized duration line and Kalman filter algorithm

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Rainfall is not only one of the most natural processes on the earth, but also an important factor of flood generation. Precise rainfall nowcasting can give an effective warning before hazards occur. This paper presented an ensemble nowcasting methodology which combined two deterministic nowcasting methods: PIV_Semi-Lagrangian and PIV_Lagrangian-Persistence and the spatial correlated random error field. For the deterministic nowcasting methods, the past velocity fields were estimated by Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) method and the advection fields were extrapolated by Semi-Lagrange and Lagrange-Persistence schemes separately, then the forecasted errors at former time step were simulated by the spatially correlated random error field and were added to the next forecasting steps. Additionally, a predicting method for rain field property was proposed and a Kalman filter algorithm was also implemented for rain field’s centre of mass prediction. The methodology was applied to 8 historical rainfall events occurred in North Rhine Westphalia (NRW), Germany by using high-resolution rainfall data acquired from C-band Essen radar belonging German Weather Service (DWD). Results showed that the promoted ensemble nowcasting methods and the rain field property predicting methods improved the forecasting accuracy obviously which confirmed their effectiveness.
[Acute hypotensive effect of a central dopaminergic agonist, piribedil, administered intravenously in the normotensive human].

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Ten normotensive patients including 5 parkinsonian and 5 dystonic patients received 3 mg piribedil intravenously over a 15 min period. This dopamine receptor agonist rapidly induced a fall in blood pressure together with a simultaneous reduction in heart rate and temperature. No change was observed when patients (four) were pretreated with a dopamine receptor blocking agent, haloperidol. It is concluded that acute dopamine receptor stimulation leads to a decrease in blood pressure. The hypotension could be centrally-mediated since the hypothermia, considered to be central in origin, parallels the blood pressure and heart rate changes.