jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
δ-clusters: capturing subspace correlation in a large data set

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Clustering has been an active research area of great practical importance for recent years. Most previous clustering models have focused on grouping objects with similar values on a (sub)set of dimensions (e.g., subspace cluster) and assumed that every object has an associated value on every dimension (e.g., bicluster). These existing cluster models may not always be adequate in capturing coherence exhibited among objects. Strong coherence may still exist among a set of objects (on a subset of attributes) even if they take quite different values on each attribute and the attribute values are not fully specified. This is very common in many applications including bio-informatics analysis as well as collaborative filtering analysis, where the data may be incomplete and subject to biases. In bio-informatics, a bicluster model has recently been proposed to capture coherence among a subset of the attributes. We introduce a more general model, referred to as the /spl delta/-cluster model, to capture coherence exhibited by a subset of objects on a subset of attributes, while allowing absent attribute values. A move-based algorithm (FLOC) is devised to efficiently produce a near-optimal clustering results. The /spl delta/-cluster model takes the bicluster model as a special case, where the FLOC algorithm performs far superior to the bicluster algorithm. We demonstrate the correctness and efficiency of the /spl delta/-cluster model and the FLOC algorithm on a number of real and synthetic data sets.
Adherence to recommended follow-up in opportunistic versus non-opportunistic cervical screening: a registry-based cohort study from Denmark

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aim: Organised cervical screening programmes often allow for opportunistic screening. Previous studies have shown that adherence to follow-up protocols after cervical screening is poor. This study aims to investigate if non-adherence to recommended screening intervals – that is, opportunistic screening, is associated with adherence to follow-up after non-negative cervical screening. Methods: Using national registries we included 42,399 Danish women with a non-negative screening result from 2015 to 2017. Non-adherence was divided into insufficient and excessive follow-up. We calculated relative risks (RRs) of adherence to follow-up among different groups of opportunistically screened women, representing both too frequent and delayed screening participation, compared with non-opportunistically screened women. Results: Compared with non-opportunistically screened women, opportunistically screened women who were delayed 1–3 years on their screening schedule had a higher risk of no follow-up (RR 1.99) and insufficient follow-up (RR 1.10). Women who were delayed 3–7 years on their screening also had a higher risk of no follow-up (RR 1.92). Women who attended screening up to 6 months too early had a higher risk of insufficient follow-up (RR 1.08) as well as excessive follow-up (RR 1.39). Finally, women screened more than 6 months too early had a higher risk of all deviations, but most pronounced was the risk of excessive follow-up (RR 1.67). Conclusions: We found a higher risk of insufficient follow-up among women delayed in their screening schedule, and a higher risk of excessive follow-up among those with frequent screening. Screening participation behaviour seems to transfer to follow-up adherence. This underscores the important role of general practitioners in acting as gatekeepers in cervical screening follow-up.
New C13lipids from the marine-derived fungusTrichoderma harzianum

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Chemical examination of the fermentation broth of a sponge-associated fungus Trichoderma harzinum HMS-15-3 led to the isolation of four pairs of new C13 lipid enantiomers namely harzianumols A-H (1a-4b). Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic (IR, MS, 1D, and 2D NMR) data analysis, including the modified Mosher's method for the assignment of their absolute configurations. The new compounds were evaluated for antihyperlipidemic effects in HepG2 cells.
Backcasting — a natural step when operationalising sustainable development.

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper presents a method for strategic planning developed in co-operation with and applied by The Natural Step network of scientists and business corporations. It includes examples from companies that have used the method in their strategic planning for sustainability. The main difference between the method presented here and other approaches is that this method is: (i) based on a framework of four non-overlapping principles of sustainability; and (ii) based on backcasting, that is, instead of trying to predict the future from today’s trends (traditional forecasting), one also tries to liberate beliefs about today’s situation and to understand what requirements and possibilities sustainability will involve in the future. The method consists of four steps. In the first step, conditions for a future sustainable society are defined. In the next step, the firm’s current activities and competences are analysed in relation to these conditions. In the third step, future possibilities for the firm are envisaged. In the final step, flexible strategies are identified that can link the present situation with the desirable future sustainable situation.
Effect of hybrid fillers of Mg–Al layered double hydroxide and nanoclay on the mechanical behavior and formability of glass laminate AA5052‐reinforced epoxy composites

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract This research work investigates the influence of hybrid particulate fillers, Mg–Al layered double hydroxide (LDH), and nanoclay (NC), on the mechanical properties and formability of glass laminate AA5052 epoxy composites (GLARE). The composite laminates were prepared by varying the weight percentage (i.e., 3, 4, and 5 wt%) of the hybrid fillers in the epoxy resin. The conventional hand layup technique was utilized for the fabrication of the laminates. The tensile test samples were prepared in different orientations with respect to the rolling direction (i.e., 0°, 45°, and 90°) to address their anisotropic nature. The flexural, impact, lap shear, and formability tests were conducted as per ASTM and IS standards. The Erichsen cupping test was performed to study the formability of the composite laminates. For each test, the results were compared with that of the laminates containing individual LDH filler, NC filler, and no filler material. The results showed that the composite laminate with 5 wt% of LDH + NC hybrid filler exhibited enhanced tensile properties, impact energy, and lap shear strength while the laminate of 4 wt% LDH + NC filler possessed better flexural properties. The formability of the composite laminates with hybrid LDH + NC fillers was observed to be lower than that of the laminates with individual filler materials and laminate without any filler. The variation observed in the test results was justified by investigating the failure mechanism of the composite laminates using a scanning electron microscope.
Threat Intelligence Analytical Software

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

KTP № 11598 was a public-private research partnership between Lancaster University and Mitigate Cyber that ran from August 2019–March 2021, part-funded by Innovate UK. The goal of the partnership was to design and implement a novel IT threat intelligence analysis and quantitative risk calculation tool that would integrate into Mitigate Cyber’s existing SaaSS platform.
Site of Slow Conduction at the Bulbo-Ventricular Junction in Frog Heart

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The delay of conduction of excitation from the ventricle to the bulbus cordis in the frog's heart took place mainly at a narrow junctional area at the ventricular side of the bulbus cordis tissue. The action potential of this tissue showed a slow rate of depolarization which is different from that seen in the bulbus cordis and the ventricle.
Determining Green Needlegrass (Stipa viridula Trin.) Seed Germination and Viability

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Green needlegrass (Stipa viridula Trin.) is a native, cool season perennial bunchgrass common to the northern Great Plains, Good seedling vigor, rapid recovery after defoliation, high forage yields, nutritive quality, and palatability give green needlegrass potential use in range reclamation. Green needlegrass seed dormancy can cause problems to spring field establishment problems. To alleviate field establishment problems, dormant (fall) plantings have replaced spring plantings. Seed dormancy can be completely overcome in the laboratory by a 12-week viability test (12-week stratification period); however, this is impractical as a normal procedure. Currently, the Association of Official Seed Analysts (AOSA) procedure for determining green needlegrass viability consists of a 14-day stratification (5 C) period and a 21day 15-30 C germination period (16 hours at 15 C and 8 hours at 30 C). A tetrazolium viability test is performed on seeds which remain ungerminated following the 35-day test period. The purpose of this study was to shorten green needlegrass germination testing time with various dormancy break in g seed treatments.
Determination of tetrodotoxin by liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ion-trap mass spectrometry

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Two methods for tetrodotoxin analysis using liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray iontrap mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS) have been established with C,, reversed phase column and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) column, respectively. Sensitivity and reproducibility of the methods were compared. The method using C-18 column in selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode had a detection limit (S/N = 3) of 120 pg, and a good linearity of the calibration curve was obtained for tetrodotoxin (r = 0. 9992). High reproducibility of the method was observed, with a relative standard deviation (RSD) below 10%. The method using HILIC column in SIM mode and selected reaction monitoring (SRM) mode had detection limits (S/N = 3) of 15 and 3.75 pg, respectively. Good linearity of the calibration curves was obtained for tetrodotoxin (r = 0. 9996 and 0. 9998 in SIM and SRM mode, respectively). T he reproducibility was high in SIM mode but relatively poor in SRM mode. Based on the results, the method using HILIC column in SIM mode was suggested for the analysis of tetrodotoxin with LC-MS system.
COVID-19 Pandemic and Co-movement Dynamics Among American and European Stock Markets

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This chapter presents a crucial perspective to the predictive capacity of confirmed cases and deaths from COVID-19 surprises in the US and publication announcements for the correlation between financial stock market indices during the period from August 1, 2019 to August 31, 2020 using the DCC-GARCH(1, 1) specifications. We use a sample composed of two major financial stock market indices in the US (S&P500 and Dow Jones) and 10 European stock market indices. To capture the unexpected factor of the COVID-19 surprises in the US, we use the Kuttner’s (2001) methodology. From our empirical results, we present a considerable DCC between financial stock market indices in the US and Europe, especially in the epidemic of COVID-19. We confirm that the estimated DCC begins to react considerably more in the case of COVID-19 pandemic surprises than the period without the COVID-19 pandemic spread. Then, we prove that the COVID-19 pandemic has a short-term effect on the financial stock market indices of the selected countries. Additionally, we find that the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on international financial stock markets has a bidirectional spillover effect between the US and chosen European countries. Finally, we confirm the financialization of European financial stock market indices.
Effectiveness of Machine Learning Techniques for Automated Identification of Calling Communities

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we demonstrate how cluster analysis can be used to effectively identify communities using information derived from the Call Detail Record (CDR) data. We use the information extracted from the cluster analysis to identify customer calling patterns. Customers calling patterns are then given to a classification algorithm to generate a classifier model for predicting the calling communities of a customer. We apply two different classification methods: Support vector machine and fuzzy-genetic classifier. The latter method is used for possibly assigning a customer to different classes with different degrees of membership. The reported test results demonstrate the applicability and effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Questioning Sardità ―Approaches to Island Identity Issues in the Mediterranean

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

ABSTRACT This article analyzes a bundle of tensions tied to the (self-)representations of the larger Mediterranean subnational islands: island-specific identities are often used in aspiring to political independence and in moving toward linguistic unification, even when they run counter to historically evolved complexity and contemporary cultural heterogeneity. Taking Sardinia as an example, this article questions the construction of sardità along two main axes: language policy and literary production. The authors begin by noting that Sardinian often serves as an umbrella term for several local linguistic varieties whose attribution to that language is in part contested. The authors next assert that the self-conception of the islanders, as reflected in Sardinian literature, is also partly stamped by outside perspectives. Focusing on the case of Sardinia, but with comparative outlooks on Corsica and Sicily, this article shows that the tensions between homogenization trends and cultural-linguistic complexity undermine and at the same time found claims of island exceptionalism.
Effect of Subsoiling on Yield and Quality of Corn and Potato at Two Irrigation Frequencies

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract High strength soil layers within a rooting zone restrict rooting and reduce the supply of water and nutrients to plants. Frequent irrigation may be required to prevent plant water stress. Studies were conducted in 1983, 1984, and 1985 to evaluate the yield responses of potato ( Solanum tuberosum L.) and field corn ( Zea mays L.) to subsoiling and sprinkler irrigation frequency on Warden loam (coarse‐silty, mixed, mesic Xerollic Camborthids) and Quincy sand (mixed, mesic Xeric Torripsamments) soils. Leaf water potential, stomatal resistance, and canopy temperature were measured. On the loam soil, yield and % U.S. no. 1 potato tubers responded positively to subsoiling with biweekly irrigation but not with weekly irrigation. Corn silage yields were increased by subsoiling with both irrigation regimes but grain yields were not. Plants growing on subsoiled sand and irrigated every 4 d were stressed less than plants grown without subsoiling. With this irrigation regime total tuber yield, % U.S. no. 1 tubers, and corn grain yields were increased by subsoiling. Benefits from subsoiling were relatively unimportant for either crop or soil if irrigation was adequate.
Students’ Perception of Using Animation Video in Teaching Writing Narrative Text

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The objectives of this research are to reveal the students' perception of using animation video in teaching writing narrative text and also to find out the advantages and disadvantages of animation video. This research was conducted at MA Ibad Ar-Rahman Islamic Boarding School. The writer has conducted a qualitative method by using case study research design. The tools of data collection are open-ended questionnaire, semi-structured interview, and documentation. It was found that the students have a positive perception on using animation video. The writer used animation video as media in teaching writing narrative text. The students agree that animation video can help them in learning writing narrative text, 95% students give positive perception and 5% students give negative perception. The utilization of animation video can make the students feel happy because they do not need to imagine the story of the narrative text. However, if the duration of video is too long, it makes the students feel bored.
Developing intercultural competence

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Cet article présente les formations initiales des enseignants de l’école fondamentale et de l’enseignement secondaire au Grand-Duché de Luxembourg. Afin de pouvoir comprendre les spécificités du Bachelor en Sciences de l’Éducation (BScE) et de la Formation Pédagogique des Enseignants du Secondaire (FOPED) on doit tout d’abord connaître le contexte dans lequel les formations se situent et c’est vers ce dernier où nous nous tournons brièvement
Gas-Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Sodium 5- [2-Chloro-4- (trifluoromethyl) phenoxy] -2-nitrobenzoate Residues on Soybeans and Foliage, Soil, Milk, and Liver

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Residues of sodium 5- [2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl) phenoxy] -2-nitrobenzoate and its free acid are determined by treating a sample extract with diazomethane to convert the residues to methyl 5- [2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy] -2-nitrobenzoate. This compound is purified by chromatography on Florisil and measured by electron capture gas-liquid chromatography. The method has been used on soybeans, soybean foliage, soil, milk, and liver. It can detect 0.01 ppm with recoveries of 70–75%.
Improving biological control of stalk borers in sugarcane by applying silicon as a soil amendment

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract The sugarcane stalk borers, Sesamia spp. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) are the most destructive sugarcane insect pests in Iran. The efficiency of Telenomus busseolae Gahan (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) used alone or in combination with silicon fertilization was investigated for controlling the sugarcane stalk borers under field conditions. The treatments were: a combination of silicon plus multiple releases of 2,500 T. busseolae, and multiple releases of 5,000, 2,500 and 1,250 T. busseolae alone. Plots receiving no soil amendment or parasites were included as the controls. Three weeks after the first application of each treatment, 100 shoots were selected randomly from each plot and the percentage of dead heart was determined. Then, three months after the first application of parasites, the percentage of stalks damaged, the percentage of internodes bored, and the level of parasitism were determined. Finally, at harvest the percentage of stalks damaged, the percentage of internodes bored, and sugarcane quality characteristics were determined. Results indicated that the efficiency of parasitism increased when combined with an application of silicon fertilizer. The release of 2,500 T. busseolae followed by an application of silicon fertilizer decreased dead hearts to 4%, while 12% dead hearts was observed in the control plots. For the combination treatment, the percentages of stalk damage were 1.5% and 17.2%, at 3 weeks and 3 months after time release, respectively. However, the percentages of stalk damage were 35.2% and 51% when no treatment was applied. Cane quality was significantly higher with the application of silicon fertilizer plus the release of 2,500 T. busseolae, followed by releasing 5,000 Hymenoptera. The level of parasitism was also greater when parasites were released in combination with an application of silicon. We conclude that biological control by egg parasitoids can be enhanced with concurrent applications of silicon fertilizer as a soil amendment and thereby creating a more robust, Integrated Pest Management (IPM) program of stalk borers in Iranian sugarcane fields.
Bag Silo Densities and Losses

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Bag silos made at three research farms in 2000 and 2001 were monitored at filling andemptying to determine densities and losses. A total of 47 bags (24 alfalfa, 23 whole-plant corn) weremade, and losses were calculated on 39 of the silos. Dry matter density ranged from 160 to 270kg/m3. Dry matter density increased with DM content in hay crop silages on average 3.0 kg/m3-%DM whereas the effect in corn silage varied by bagging machine. Density decreased with increasingparticle size at 4.1 kg DM/m3 per mm. The operator and how the bagging machine was set upaffected density. A wide range of DM losses was observed, 0 to 40%. Average DM losses were 9.2%invisible plus uncollected losses and 5.4% spoilage losses for a total loss of 14.6%. Six silos hadexcessive spoilage losses of more than 15% and total losses above 25% due to plastic integrityissues or overly dry silage (>40% DM) being fed out in warm weather. Invisible losses were reducedin high porosity silages (where spoilage losses were exacerbated), greater in warm weather, andaffected by emptying procedures. Spoilage losses in bags without plastic integrity issues weregreater in dry, porous silages, from emptying silos in warm weather, and at lower feed out rates.
Study on the factors affecting the purchase behaviour of consumers of sports shoes

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The project is a study of consumer behaviour in the purchase of sports shoes with recommendations based on the evaluation of results from the research conducted. The text is sub-sectioned into several main chapters. These chapters are respectively the Introduction, Literature Review, Methodology, Results and Analysis, Survey Findings and the Recommendations chapter. The Literature Review covers the past studies conducted by academics and other professionals in the field of consumer behaviour in the purchase of different type of products. It also includes a review of how external environmental factors can influence consumer behaviour. The chapter on Methodology will elaborate on the various statistical tests that were employed, the manner in which primary and secondary research were conducted as well as other procedures pertaining to the information gathering techniques used in the course of the study. The data compiled from the surveys were analyzed in the chapter Results and Analysis. These results were then related to the current marketing programmes and strategies employed by several sports shoes companies in the chapter on Survey Findings. The Recommendations chapter is based on the evaluation of the current marketing strategies employed by the major industry players in the sports shoes industry and a comparison study with the findings by the authors was ·made. Further recommendations were made while taking into consideration gender differences in the development of futu ~, e marketing strategies. The intention of this report is to provide readers with information on local consumer behaviour and decision making process in the purchase of sports shoes and recommendations that may be useful in the development of marketing strategies in future.