jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Human miRNAs, Gene Targets and Diseases Network

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Micro-RNAs are small non-coding RNAs having important biological functions such as gene regulation and disease causality.Network analysis on miRNA-related network can help understanding gene regulation mechanism and propose cures for miRNAs related diseases.In this paper, we integrated miRNA-related data from three state of the art databases, miRTarBase, miRBase and HMDD v2.0 to construct a human miRNAs, gene targets and diseases network.We then performed network statistics analysis, disease cluster analysis and gene-disease association analysis on the network.The results show that there are community structures in the network, similar disease are associated with similar miRNAs with enriched biological functions and gene-disease pairs connected by multiple paths in the network and are more likely to have biological association.
Fabrication and characterisation of YB : YAG ceramics

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Advances in the field of solid-state laser has led to a variety of uses in modern applications ever since its discovery in the 1960s. Disadvantages posed by single-crystal laser medium had led to the development of polycrystalline ceramic materials as a laser medium. The use of solid-state materials in laser technology is based on doping Yttrium Aluminium Garnet (YAG) ceramics, the most widely used material, with rare earth elements with an oxidation state of +3. Different dopant types and concentrations can allow different emissions from a laser medium, and thus leading to the different applications. However, other factors like the sintering additives’ types and concentrations, and the sintering temperature also play a part. Conventionally, Neodymium (Nd) is used as the dopant in YAG. However, rapid development in technology has allowed Ytterbium (Yb) to be used as Yb3+ doped materials have spectroscopic and laser properties that are advantageous for high energy 1 µm laser systems. In this project, the fabrication process of 5 at% Ytterbium-doped YAG (Yb:YAG) is summarised, and characterisation tests were carried out to investigate how the concentrations of Sintering Additives (Magnesium Oxide (MgO) and Tetraethyl Orthosilicate (TEOS)), and the rate of temperature increment during sintering affected the properties of Yb:YAG.
[The olfactory function in the patients suffering from polypous rhinosinusitis following endoscopic surgery on paranasal sinuses].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In this study, we examined and treated 50 patients presenting with polypous rhinosinusitis. In all of them, the endoscopic surgical intervention was preceded by estimation of the olfactory function. The examination was repeated within 1, 3, and 6 months after the operation. Endoscopic surgery had positive outcome; however, its beneficial effect was compromised in the patients suffering from polypous rhinosinusitis during a long period and having the history of surgical intervention in the nasal cavity in the past. The best results of the treatment were obtained in the patients having olfactory dysfunction for less than 10 years and in the previously untreated ones. It is concluded that endoscopic rhinosurgical treatment produced positive results in all the 50 patients.
Carcass and body components of suckling lambs grazing ryegrass and supplemented with legume or concentrate

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT This research objective was to evaluate the effect of private supplementation with concentrated or legumes, on the carcass characteristics and body components from suckling lambs kept on ryegrass pasture. Twenty seven suckling lambs were used, with about 17 days of age and weighing 9,91±0,594kg, which were distributed in the treatments that corresponded to feeding systems: suckling lambs kept on ryegrass pasture, suckling lambs kept on ryegrass pasture and supplemented with concentrated in private feeder (creep feeding) and suckling lambs kept on ryegrass pasture and supplemented with legume in the private pasture (creep grazing). The concentrate supplement was composed by corn, soybean meal and limestone, and was supplied ad libitum. The supplementary pasture was white clover legume. The experimental design was completely randomized, where the results were submitted to analysis of variance and means compared by Tukey test at 5% of significance level. The gastrointestinal+bile+urine content and the proportion of esophagus were higher (P<0,05) in lambs kept on ryegrass. The liver and large intestine proportions were higher (P<0,05) in lambs supplemented with concentrate. The tested alimentary systems produce carcasses with similar characteristics. The supplementation with legume or concentrate cause changes in body components of suckling lambs grazing ryegrass.
Secession and the Union in Texas

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In 1845 Texans voted overwhelmingly to join the Union. They voted just as overwhelmingly to secede in 1861. The story of why and how that happened is filled with colorful characters, such as the aged Sam Houston, and with the southwestern flavor of raiding Comanches, German opponents of slavery, and a border with Mexico. Texas was unique among the seceding states because of its ambivalence toward secession. Yet for all its uniqueness the story of the secession of Texas has broad implications for the secession movement in general. Despite the local color and the southwestern nature of the state, Texas was more southern than western in 1860. Texans supported the Union or insisted upon secession for reasons common to the South and to the whole nation. Most Texans in 1860 were recent immigrants from southern and border states. They still thought and acted like citizens of their former states.
An hereditary motor neurone disease with progressive denervation of muscle in the mouse: the mutant 'wobbler'.

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

More than one hundred hereditary neurological diseases of mice are now on record (Gruneberg, 1952, 1956; Sidman, Green, and Appel, 1965).For many of these conditions only clinical descriptions and genetic data are available and few pathological investigations have been made.This paper describes the clinical and pathological studies of an hereditary disease in mice in which the primary abnormality appears to be located in the perikaryon of motor neurones.The disease arose as the result of a guest.Protected by copyright.
Efficiency and Personalization as Value Creation in Internationalizing High‐Technology SMEs

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Abstract This article investigates the sources of value creation in the exchange relationships between internationalizing Canadian small high‐technology firms and their various stakeholders. The paper reviews the concepts of exchange and value, and applies these concepts to small internationalizing high‐technology businesses. The data are based on semi‐structured interviews with 20 Canadian high‐technology small and medium‐sized enterprises (HTSMEs). The analysis shows that HTSMEs strive to attain internal and external efficiency. Efficiency, however, is a subset of Personalization, which consists of developing close relationships with dedicated partners in order to create sustainable value. This study demonstrates that value creation for HTSMEs is not only a matter of creating products at the cutting edge, but primarily of managing a constellation of relationships within evolving networks. Résumé La présente étude recherche les sources de création de valeur dans les relations d'échange entre les petites entreprises canadiennes à haute technologie en voie d'internationalisation et les différentes parties prenantes. Elle passe en revue les concepts d'échange et de valeur qu'elle applique aux petites entreprises à haute technologie en voie d'internationalisation. Les données sont fondées sur des entretiens semi‐structurées réalisée auprès de 20 petites et moyennes entreprises canadiennes à haute technologie (HTSME). L'analyse montre que les HTSME recherchent laborieusement l'efficacité interne et externe. Mais cette efficacité est une sous‐variante de la Personnalisation qui consiste à développer des relations privilégiées avec des partenaires dévoués, afin de créer une valeur durable. Notre étude démontre que la création de valeur pour les HTSME n'est pas seulement synonyme de création de produit d'avantgarde. Elle signifie aussi et surtout gestion d'une constellation de relations dans des réseaux en évolution.
Trazodone Hydrochloride: A Wide Spectrum Antidepressant with a Unique Pharmacological Profile

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Trazodone is a new antidepressant agent that was recently introduced in the United States. It has a unique pharmacological profile that is not typical of either tricyclic or monoamine oxidase inhibitor antidepressants. As such it represents a new class of antidepressant drugs. The efficacy of trazodone has been clearly established in comparative studies with imipramine and amitriptyline. Major depression is the principal indication for its use, but good results have been shown in a wide variety of depressive subtypes. Of particular importance is the low frequency of adverse reactions seen with this drug.
Inhibitive Effects of Quercetin on Myeloperoxidase-Dependent\nHypochlorous Acid Formation and Vascular Endothelial Injury

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Myeloperoxidase\n(MPO) from activated neutrophils plays important\nroles in multiple human inflammatory diseases by catalyzing the formation\nof powerful oxidant hypochlorous acid (HOCl). As a major flavonoid\nin the human diet, quercetin has been suggested to act as antioxidant\nand anti-inflammatory agent in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we\nshowed that quercetin inhibited MPO-mediated HOCl formation (75.0\n± 6.2% for 10 μM quercetin versus 100 ± 5.2% for control\ngroup, <i>P</i> < 0.01) and cytotoxicity to endothelial\ncells in vitro, while this flavonoid was nontoxic to endothelial cell\ncultures (<i>P</i> > 0.05, all cases). Moreover, quercetin\ninhibited HOCl generation by stimulated neutrophils (a rich source\nof MPO) and protected endothelial cells from neutrophils-induced injury.\nFurthermore, quercetin could inhibit HOCl-induced endothelial dysfunction\nsuch as loss of cell viability, and decrease of nitric oxide formation\nin endothelial cells (<i>P</i> < 0.05, all cases). Consistent\nwith these in vitro data, quercetin attenuated lipopolysaccharide-induced\nendothelial dysfunction and increase of MPO activity in mouse aortas,\nwhile this flavonoid could protect against HOCl-mediated endothelial\ndysfunction in isolated aortas (<i>P</i> < 0.05). Therefore,\nit was proposed that quercetin attenuated endothelial injury in inflammatory\nvasculature via inhibition of vascular-bound MPO-mediated HOCl formation\nor scavenging of HOCl. These data indicate that quercetin is a nontoxic\ninhibitor of MPO activity and MPO/neutrophils-induced cytotoxicity\nin endothelial cells and may be useful for targeting MPO-dependent\nvascular disease and inflammation.
War, Crisis and Military Intervention, 1939–1944

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The analysis of many Catholics, that the decay of the liberal system was incubating a totalitarian reaction of left or right, had received dramatic validation in the Spanish Civil War. The outbreak in 1939 of World War II, in which Argentina, notoriously, remained neutral until shortly before its conclusion, added new ideological dimensions to the political choices they faced. The question of Argentine neutrality formed the background to a mounting political, social and economic crisis, one which appeared to confirm the decline of the literal project. Faced with hostility from the United States to Argentine neutrality, nationalism became more vociferous; yet while Catholics generally opted for neutrality, they rejected the apostasy of a number of nationalist groups favouring the Axis. The war exposed the differences between integral Catholicism and secular nationalism; both added their voices to calls for the army to intervene faced with the collapse of liberal government.
Translation and validation of the Revised-Algase Wandering Scale (community version) among Korean elders with dementia

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of a Korean translated version of the Revised Algase Wandering Scale, community version (K-RAWS-CV) among persons with dementia in Korea. A cross-sectional survey design was used. After established equivalence of the instrument using back-translation and a field test, 69 community dwelling family caregivers described the wandering behavior of their family members with dementia. The overall mean of the K-RAWS-CV was 1.73 (SD=0.61, range=1-3.87). Means of each subscale ranged from 1.44 (meal-time impulsivity, MI) to 2.04 (escape behavior, EB). The reliability alpha for the overall scale was 0.96 with reliabilities for subscales ranging from 0.82 (negative outcome, NO) to 0.93 (persistent walking, PW). The correlation between the overall K-RAWS-CV and each subscale ranged from 0.52 (overall and NO) to 0.82 (overall and PW) with a mean value of 0.66. Pearson's correlations between the level of cognitive impairment and each subscale of the K-RAWS-CV demonstrated significant, moderate relationships ranging from -0.24 (MI, RW, and MMSE) to -0.39 (PW, EB and MMSE). Mean differences between wanderers and non-wanderers were statistically significant for the K-RAWS-CV overall and all subscale except for MI. Results support the validity and reliability of the K-RAWS-CV overall and the six subscales.
Combined mode fracture of three aluminium alloys

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The objective of this project was to evaluate the fracture resistance of three aerospace grade aluminium alloys under combined mode I - mode III loading conditions, with a view to furthering the concept of the fracture mechanism map. Slow strain rate testing was done using compact tension specimens, while impact testing was done using modified Charpy specimens. An aluminium based metal matrix composite was also tested primarily to provide a macroscopically semi-brittle material, with an aluminium matrix providing a basis for comparison with the aluminium alloys.
The risks of hepatocellular carcinoma and variceal bleeding after HCV eradication with direct-acting antiviral therapy: a propensity score analysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The combination paritaprevir/ritonavir, ombitasvir, and dasabuvir (PrOD), which achieves a high sustained virologic response (SVR) rate and few side effects, has dramatically changed the outcome of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection.The risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and variceal bleeding in patients treated with interferon (IFN)free direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) is unknown.The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the rate of HCC and variceal bleeding and identify prognostic factors for decompensation/complications in HCV-1b-infected patients with compensated liver cirrhosis following treatment with PrOD with or without ribavirin.Material and methods: A total of 483 HCV patients received PrOD treatment.Patients with a history of HCC were excluded from the study.Prior antiviral therapy was identified in 59% of patients.Patient data were collected at baseline, at the end of treatment (EoT), at 3 months after EOT (SVR) and during an 18-month surveillance period.Patients were divided into two age groups: <60 years (233 patients) and ≥60 years (250 patients).Results: The median observation period was 540 days.During this period, HCC developed in 18 patients (3.7%) and variceal bleeding developed in 9 patients (1.9%).A Propensity score matching analysis found no significant difference in the incidence of HCC (p= 0.078) or variceal bleeding (p=0.426) between the two groups.The mean serum AFP levels decreased in the young group (baseline=19.44ng/dL, SVR=4.57ng/dL) and the elderly group (baseline=4.52ng/dL, SVR=10.69ng/dL).Edge of decompensation and previous esophageal varices were significantly associated with the risk of variceal bleeding.Conclusions: The risk of HCC (5.3%) and variceal bleeding (2%) development in elderly patients (≥60years) following viral eradication by IFN-free DAA therapy may follow a specific pattern.
Biomonitoring of Oxidative DNA Damage in Traffic Policemen Exposed to Urban Air Pollution

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The urinary excretion of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) has been used as a biomarker of oxidative DNA damage in both the clinical and occupational setting. The urinary 8-OHdG in traffic policemen posted at busy traffic junctions were estimated along with the control population away from the busy traffic junctions those doing administrative job. A total of 105 urinary samples (60 samples of traffic policemen and 45 samples of control population) were collected for estimation of 8-OHdG and analyzed using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The mean 8-OHdG was significantly higher (13.42±1.61) μg/g creatinine) than those of control group (9.34±1.36 μg/g creatinine) (p<0.05). The study showed that urinary 8-OHdG is associated with occupational exposure and other lifestyle factors.
A tool for translating VHDL to finite state machines

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The overall research goal in Gurkh is to build a framework for design, verification and execution of safety critical applications. The framework consists of both software tools for application verification and hardware platforms for execution and real-time monitoring. This paper discusses within the context of the Gurkh project, the development of a tool to translate safety critical VHDL code into a formal representation. Different formal techniques can then be applied on this representation in order to verify properties such as liveness and deadlock and to validate that the timing constraints of the original system hold. This paper will discuss three aspects of the tool implementation: transformation of source code into an intermediate representation, verification of real-time properties, and some tool-related implementation issues.
Detained patients' knowledge of their legal status and rights

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Few studies have addressed the issue of detained patients' knowledge of their detention and legal rights. Existing evidence suggests that this knowledge is often poor and that patients may not know how to exercise their legal rights. In the present study, 111 patients detained at the Carstairs State Hospital in Scotland were surveyed to determine their level of knowledge of their detention and legal rights, to examine factors associated with this knowledge and to study the relationship between patients' level of knowledge and the likelihood of their having exercised their legal rights. In keeping with the findings of other studies, a significant proportion of patients showed considerable gaps in their knowledge. Patients who had made use of their right of appeal or who had contacted the Mental Welfare Commission of Scodand during their admission had higher overall levels of knowledge, suggesting that this might be a factor in patients' willingness and ability to make use of their rights. The relationship between patients' knowledge of their detention and legal rights and the act of exercising these rights, however, is likely to be complex. Further prospective work involving a formal process of informing and educating patients is required to clarify this relationship.
Clinical Observation on Urapidil in Treatment of 68 Cases With Hypertensive Emergency

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of intravenous Urapidil Hydrochloride injection in treatment of hypertensive emergency. Methods: Sixty-eight patients with hypertensive emergency were randomly divided into two groups, blood pressure and heart rate were observed 0.5,1,3,6,9,12,18 and 24 hours after intravenous Sodium Nitroprusside or Urapidil Hydrochloride injection respectively. Results: The blood pressure in two groups was significantly decreased 30 minutes after intravenous infusion(P 0.01), the heart rate of patients in Sodium Nitroprusside group was obviously increased (P 0.01), while the heart rate of patients in Urapidil Hydrochloride group showed no significant change. Blood pressure of patients in both groups achieved goal value one hour after intravenous infusion. Conclusion: Continuous intravenous infusion of Urapidil Hydrochloride is effective and safe, and it can be considered as the first choice in treating patients with hypertensive emergency.
BALANCE OF PAYMENTS CONSTRAINED, STRUCTURAL CHANGE AND NATIONAL INNOVATION SYSTEM

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

There is one major criticism about balance of payment constrained growth models, which states that the long run growth is determined by the average rate of exports in relation with the ratio of income elasticity of imports. If the income elasticity of imports is bigger than the average rate of exports, economic growth will be constrained. The empirical evidence about this approach, known as Thirlwall’s Law, can be found in several papers as Thirlwall and Hussain (1982), McCombie (1989), Moreno-Brid (2003), Lima and Carvalho (2009), and Britto and McCombie (2009). However, the approach does not have a complete consistent explanation about why the external constraint occurs. Some authors have tried to explain why the countries have their growth constrained using the Systems of Innovation approach, as Silveira, Romero and Britto (2010), Missio and Jayme Jr (2011), Jayme Jr and Resende (2009), and Silva and Hasenclever (2010). In their point of view, the main determinant of the deterioration of the terms of trade in an economy lies in the lack of maturity of its National Innovation System.
Bilateral renal cortical necrosis associated with calcification: report of a case and a review of aetiology

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Clinico-pathological details are given of a patient who survived bilateral renal cortical necrosis for 44 days as a result of treatment by haemodialysis. Cortical calcification was demonstrable radiologically in life and at necropsy. The literature pertaining to renal ischaemic damage and calcification is reviewed. Conclusions are drawn as to the mechanism that produces renal cortical calcification in the light of previous experimental work and the study of the present case. It is suggested that the widespread use of haemodialysis in treatment is likely to result in the detection of an increasing number of such cases.
Reproducible DL-based approach for liver PDFF quantification

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Liver PDFF is a biomarker correlated with hepatic pathologies. Recently, several Deep Learning (DL) methods have been proposed to accelerate the necessary post-processing to estimate PDFF. However, none of these techniques had been assessed in terms of bias and precision, as suggested by the ISMRM quantitative MR study group. We propose a two-stages framework denoted Variable Echo Times neural Network (VET-Net), which considers multi-echo MR images and their echo times to estimate PDFF. VET-Net showed a bias of -1.35% when tested over a multi-site phantom dataset, and a within-standard deviation of 0.81% over liver MR images with different TEs.