jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Assessing the implications of human land-use change for the transient climate response to cumulative carbon emissions

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Recent research has shown evidence of a linear climate response to cumulative CO _2 emissions, which implies that the source, timing, and amount of emissions does not significantly influence the climate response per unit emission. Furthermore, these analyses have generally assumed that the climate response to land-use CO _2 emissions is equivalent to that of fossil fuels under the assumption that, once in the atmosphere, the radiative forcing induced by CO _2 is not sensitive to the emissions source. However, land-cover change also affects surface albedo and the strength of terrestrial carbon sinks, both of which have an additional climate effect. In this study, we use a coupled climate-carbon cycle model to assess the climate response to historical and future cumulative land-use CO _2 emissions, in order to compare it to the response to fossil fuel CO _2 . We find that when we isolate the CO _2 -induced (biogeochemical) temperature changes associated with land-use change, then the climate response to cumulative land-use emissions is equivalent to that of fossil fuel CO _2 . We show further that the globally-averaged albedo-induced biophysical cooling from land-use change is non-negligible and may be of comparable magnitude to the biogeochemical warming, with the result that the net climate response to land-use change is substantially different from a linear response to cumulative emissions. However, our new simulations suggest that the biophysical cooling from land-use change follows its own independent (negative) linear response to cumulative net land-use CO _2 emissions, which may provide a useful scaling factor for certain applications when evaluating the full transient climate response to emissions.
INFLUENCE OF NEO-OTTOMANISM TRADITIONS ON THE CURRENT STATE OF RUSSIAN-TURKISH RELATIONS: THEORY AND PRACTICE

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The article examines the problems of the current state of Russian-Turkish relations through the analysis of the theoretical and methodological apparatus of neo-Ottomanism (new Ottomanism) as a foreign policy tradition, which, from the author’s point of view, today occupies one of the leading places in the foreign policy course of the current government of R.T. Erdogan. The complexity and uncertainty of this phenomenon require the use of specialized analysis methods: a system-structural analysis of the foreign policy of states (developed by the corresponding MGIMO school), a scientific approach within the framework of FPA (foreign policy analysis), separate tools for analyzing the strategic culture and foreign policy institutions of Ankara (according to the methodology of G. Almond and S. Verba). According to the author, for the current foreign policy of Ankara, the tradition of neo-Ottomanism is system-forming due to its ideological saturation of the initial ideological foundation. At the same time, the ambiguity of its interpretations lays down an expansive interpretation of Turkey’s foreign policy behavior in the international arena, which is fraught with problems and conflicts for Moscow’s foreign policy in realizing its interests in areas of international politics that cross Ankara.
The mineralogy of pollucite and beryl from the Tanco pegmatite at Bernic Lake, Manitoba

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Pollucite and beryl are two of the economically and petrologically Important mineraLs in the Tanco pegmatite,, Bernic Lake, Manitoba. One hundred and thirty six pollucite samples were collected from the eastern pollucite body and the isolated pods of pollucite 1n the western portion of the pegmatite. The refractive index (n) was measured on all samples. Samples were selected for partial or full chemical analysis on the basis of n and location. Three sampleswere chemically analysed in full and their density and unit cell demensions were determined. The pollucite from the Tanco pegmatite was found to fit the previously establilshed positive correlations between n, density and wt.% Cs2O. It was noted that the samples from the western isolated pods of pollucite had, in general, a higher n than those from the eastern pollucite body indicating they are richer ln Cs20. Alteration products of pollucite occur as thin veins and sphericaL masses, and consist of spodumene, mica and clay minerals. One hundred and thirteen beryl samples were collected from the wall zone, lower intermediate zone, central intermediate zone and the lepidolite zone of the pegmatite. The refractive index (w) of each sample was measured, and on the basis of w and location samples were selected for full or partial chemlcal analysis. Densities and unlt cell dimensions were measured for the three samples which were chemically analysed in full..
Supplementary Fig. S1 from Suppression of cervical carcinoma cell growth by intracytoplasmic codelivery of anti-oncoprotein E6 antibody and small interfering RNA

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Supplementary Fig. S1 from Suppression of cervical carcinoma cell growth by intracytoplasmic codelivery of anti-oncoprotein E6 antibody and small interfering RNA
ON THE HISTORY OF THE RESEARCH OF OLD TURKIC ORHON INSCRIPTIONS IN LINGUISTIC ASPECT

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Since the discovery of Old Turkic Inscriptions scholars from different countries focus their concentration on the research of these inscriptions. However, the inscriptions are studied in different aspects. This paper gives the periodization of research history of the monuments and detailed description of each periods. The author of this paper attempts to give comparative analysis of research works on linguistic aspect of the inscriptions of the scholars who made a great contribution to the study of Old Turkic Manuscripts.
PTH-001 Use Of Pancreatic Stents In Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangio-pancreatography

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction The indications for placing pancreatic stents (PS) during endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography (ERCP) include pancreatic duct stones and strictures, prevention of post-ERCP pancreatitis and as an aid to biliary cannulation, where there is persistent preferential pancreatic cannulation. The flange at the proximal end of the stent used in our practice (Cook UK) is designed to prevent spontaneous migration. As a minimum, abdominal x-ray (AXR) should be performed at 4 weeks to confirm spontaneous stent passage. The aims of this study were to assess a) indications for PS b) compliance with AXR recommendation c) whether flange removal aids spontaneous stent passage. Methods Retrospective review of ERCP reports and case notes in 1250 ERCPs performed at our institution between August 2011 and December 2013. Results In 82 of 1250 ERCPs, PS were placed (6.5%). 31 male, 51 female, mean age 63 years (range 20–92). The indication for PS placement in all 82 was to aid biliary cannulation, and in all 82, the PS was left in situ to reduce the pancreatitis risk. In 72/82, biliary cannulation was successful (pre-cut in 55). 42/82 had AXR, and in 36/42 the stent had passed. 21/82 had repeat ERCP and in 15/21 the stent had passed. 19/82 (23%) had no record of AXR or repeat ERCP. Based on operator preference, the flange was removed in 38 and left in situ in 44. Of the 12 PS that failed to pass spontaneously the flange was removed in 4 and left in situ in 8. Conclusion Pancreatic stents are a useful aid to biliary cannulation, and pass spontaneously in the majority of patients, although flange removal may facilitate this. Compliance with the minimum recommendation of post-ERCP AXR to confirm stent passage in only 77% is poor, and requires further investigation. Disclosure of Interest None Declared.
A New Route for the Preparation of 10,11-Dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cycloheptene Using Friedel-Crafts Intramolecular Cyclobenzylation

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A convenient preparation of 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo [a,d]-cycloheptene based on a novel Friedel-Crafts intramolecular cyclobenzylation, involving five steps from 1,2-diphenylethane, is described.
Wei-Jin Nanbeichao Studies in Japan in 1993

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

A symposium called Some Fundamental Issues in Wei, Jin, Nanbeichao, Sui, and Tang History was held on November 4, 1993 at Ryiikoku University ~~*~. For the Wei-Jin Nanbeichao period, Kubozoe Yoshibumi m~~Jt reports on and state (discussant: Nakamura Keiji $tt*m), Kawamoto Yoshiaki JlI*jj=1lB on ethnic issues, (discussant: Kegasawa Yasunori ~~¥R1~HFj), and Yoshikawa Tadao sJllJitt~ on religion and society (discussant: Tsuzuki Akiko ~~~-f). A synopsis of the proceedings is included in Chugoku chuseishi kenkyukai kaih6 $ OO$t!tse.fiJf~~~$Ii 38. Kubozoe deals with the deliberation (yi ~) system in the late Northern Wei. As his commentator, Nakamura concludes that court favorites and people of obscure backgrounds, who were regarded as the breeding ground for favoritism in politics in the Southern Dynasties, existed legitimately. With regard to scholarship on political history, which tends to emphasize the specific application of the institutions while ignoring their evolution and essence, both scholars seem to call attention to the importance of understanding the institutions themselves. In his report on sinicization Kawamoto points out that it was not a single-sided process. The difference between North and South should
DIVISOR: Real-time Drilling Visualizations for Virtual Reality

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Well drilling is one of the most expensive tasks in oilfield exploration and development projects, especially in offshore assets. Thus, this activity is under constant evolution, given that any improvement in equipment or process can result in significant savings for the company operating that field. Meanwhile, virtual reality (VR) is one of the vital industry 4.0 trends to enable simulations and training safely for users. This work aims to provide a new tool to increase the drilling team’s efficiency by recreating drilling visualizations in a virtual environment. This environment enables training, evaluating, and simulating different scenarios in a well drilling and provide realtime insights to the engineers when coupled with other diagnostics tools.
[Chronic gastritis and herpetic infections in subjects of different ages].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Gastric mucosal biopsy specimens were immunohistochemically studied to detect the antigens of herpes simplex virus, cytomegalovirus, and Epstein-Barr virus (EB ) in 103 children aged 7-17 years and 49 adults aged 18-78 years who suffered from morphologically verified chronic gastritis. Gastric mucosal virus antigens were found in 70% of the children (including EBV in 44.8%; herpes simplex virus in 34.9%, cytomegalovirus in 16.5%; concurrence of two and three infections in 22.3 and 1.9%, respectively) and in 65.3% of the adults (EBV in 408%; herpes simplex virus in 26.5%, cytomegalovirus in 18.4%; concurrence of two and three infections in 26.3 and 2%, respectively). It was shown that herpes viruses may play an etiological role in the development of chronic gastritis in children and adults.
Moisture sorption process in parsley foliage (Petroselinum sativum var. latifolium)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The sorption process of water moleculesin parsley foliage is characterized through mathematical modeling. The method used was static according to the analytical technique of hygroscopic equilibrium at room temperature. The experimental values were fitted to six mathematical models and the curve obtained was classified according to its shape and adsorption levels. The fresh samples represented the desorption and the dry ones the adsorption from 75% relative humidity. Different types of isotherm were obtained and a hysteresis loop was evident in the three curves for different water activities. The DAW, Halsey and Oswin models best described sorption, determined the conditions to evidence the hysteresis phenomenon in the samples and established the range of moisture content that fresh and dry parsley foliage must present in order to guarantee maximum durability to room temperature.
Occurrence Of Long COVID In Healthcare Workers At A University Hospital And Challenges In Insurance And Compensation Evaluation.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The definition of long-COVID is still quite complicated, as the ever-increasing number of symptoms that are attributable to this pathology, and the variability in the times of its onset, make its nosographic framework extremely difficult. In addition to the clinical-scientific difficulties arising from this condition, the impossibility of adequately classifying the pathology is associated with an equally complex management of the costs that the State must bear to restore the damage, as it usually happens in case of sequelae of infections contracted at workplace.
A microfluidic chip capable of generating and trapping emulsion droplets for digital loop-mediated isothermal amplification analysis

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A microfluidic droplet array chip was designed to execute the digital LAMP. This novel device was capable of 1) creating emulsion droplets, 2) sorting them into a trapping array, and 3) executing LAMP for only 40 min. Nucleic acids could be accurately quantified and the limit of detection was only single DNA molecule.
The Current Shaping Modular Multilevel DC–DC Converter

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The recently proposed modular multilevel dc-dc converter (M2DC) and the HVDC-dc auto transformer (HVDC-AT) enable direct power transfer between dc networks at low-to-moderate step ratios using only a single power electronic conversion stage. In both converter structures, an internal circulating sinusoidal ac current is established to balance the energy within the converter. In practice, however, the frequency of the circulating ac current is limited to a few hundred Hz, requiring significant ripple power to be filtered by large voltage submodule (VSM) capacitors. In this article, a novel energy transfer mechanism for interfacing dc networks is introduced wherein the frequency of the ac currents can be increased by one to two orders of magnitude, thus enabling a commensurate reduction in VSM capacitor size and cost. This is achieved by eliminating the ac chokes within the modular converter structure. Instead, a current source submodule (CSM) is employed to shape the circulating current, leading to a current of nearly square-wave shape with a frequency in the kHz range equal to the switching frequency of the CSM. This article describes one particular topology based on this current shaping mechanism, namely a high step down ratio dc-dc converter. The viability of the mechanism is demonstrated via simulation and experimental results from a laboratory scale implementation.
PSO Based Deployment of Hybrid Sensor Networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

With the rapid increase in the usage of wireless sensor networks, it is emerging as a technology for monitoring various physical activities. The essential characteristics of wireless sensor network are coverage, cost, connectivity and lifetime which are dependent upon the number and type of sensors being used for the required task. A random deployment strategy of sensor nodes may cause coverage holes in the sensing ?eld. The work presented here shall mainly focus on deployment strategy of WSNs which will improve the coverage area that poses the biggest challenge to the developers. Most of the problems related to WSNs are modelled and approached as multi objective functions through various genetic algorithms. PSO is one such technique that is e?cient and computationally e?cient in addressing various issues such as optimising sensor deployment and localization of sensor nodes. A modi?ed particle swarm optimization (PSO) technique using grid based strategy has been proposed for sensor deployment which is capable of e?ciently deploying the sensors with an objective of maximizing the coverage ratio. It will determine the optimum location of the mobile nodes after the initial random deployment .The optimality rate of this approach is also higher as compared to other genetic algorithms.
Ultra-low inductance vertical phase leg design with EMI noise propagation control for enhancement mode GaN transistors

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents an improved phase leg power loop design for enhance mode lateral structure Gallium Nitride (GaN) transistors. Static characterization results of a 650V/30A GaN transistor are presented to determine the design parameters of the gate driver circuits. The control of Common Mode (CM) noise current propagation is considered during the gate driver design by optimizing the power distribution and grounding structure of the gate driver and digital control circuits. By differentiating the propagation path impedance of digital control circuits and their power supply circuits, conductive CM noise can propagate through power supply path to protect the digital control circuits. In order to reduce current commutation loop inductance within the GaN phase leg, an improved power loop design with vertical structure is proposed for lateral structure GaN transistors which can significantly reduce power loop inductance compared with conventional lateral power loop design. The design is verified through experiments on a phase leg prototype which prove the performance of the proposed phase leg on the overvoltage reduction during current transition along with less cross-coupling between power loop and gate loop compared with conventional lateral power loop design. A full bridge voltage source inverter is implemented with the designed phase leg and tested with EMI noise measurement that verifies the effectiveness of the CM propagation path control.
Effect of different sowing times on the plant developmental parameters of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.): A review

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Studies on plant development phases and yield component patterns of wheat are essential for a better understanding of adaptation in wheat. Temperature is an important climatic factor which has profound effects on the yield of rabi crops. Changes in temperature affect the grain yield, mainly through phenological development processes. Winter crops are especially vulnerable to high temperature during reproductive stages and differential response to temperature change (rise) to various crops has been noticed under different production environments. The effect of temperature on the wheat phenological can easily by seen in Central India because of high inter-annual fluctuations in the productivity due to fluctuations in temperature. The productivity of wheat is largely dependent on the magnitude of temperature change. 1 °C increase in temperature throughout the growing season will have no effect or slight increase on productivity in North India. But, an increase of 2 °C temperature reduced potential grain yield at most of the places (Agrawal and Sinha, 1993). Deshmukh et al. (2015) reported that significant increase yield when the wheat crop was sown at 45 MW than 48 MW. Grain yield was significantly higher when crop was sown at 45 MW sowing.
Type 1 AGN at lowz. I. Emission properties

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We analyze the emission properties of a new sample of 3 596 type 1 AGN, selected from the SDSS DR7 based on the detection of broad Hα emission. The sample extends over a broad Hα luminosity LbHα of 1040–1044 erg s−1 and a broad Hα FWHM of 1 000–25 000 km s−1, which covers the range of black hole mass 106 < MBH/M⊙ < 109.5 and luminosity in Eddington units 10−3 < L/LEdd < 1. We combine ROSAT, GALEX and 2MASS observations to form the SED from 2.2 μm to 2 keV. We find the following: 1. The distribution of the Hα FWHM values is independent of luminosity. 2. The observed mean optical-UV SED is well matched by a fixed shape SED of luminous quasars, which scales linearly with LbHα, and a host galaxy contribution. 3. The host galaxy r-band (fibre) luminosity function follows well the luminosity function of inactive non-emission line galaxies (NEG), consistent with a fixed fraction of ~ 3% of NEG hosting an AGN, regardless of the host luminosity. 4. The optical-UV SED of the more luminous AGN shows a small dispersion, consistent with dust reddening of a blue SED, as expected for thermal thin accretion disc emission. 5. There is a rather tight relation of νLν(2 keV) and LbHα, which provides a useful probe for unobscured (true) type 2 AGN.
Phytosanitary condition and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum) and einkorn wheat (Triticum monococcum) after application of different types of organic compost in organic and biodynamic farming systems

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The experiment was conducted in the period 2013-2016 on the experimental fields of the Institute of Agriculture in Karnobat, Bulgaria. Wheat and einkorn wheat were grown in biodynamic and organic farming systems after application of different types of organic compost. Studies were conducted on the effect of compost types on phytosanitary condition and yield of the crops. The experiments established that the phytosanitary condition of wheat was better when it was biodynamically cultivated with applied standard biodynamic compost in the soil. No diseases and pests were reported for einkorn wheat in the three variants, whereas weeds had lower density and species composition in einkorn than in wheat and the variant with standard biodynamic compost was the most weakly infested. The highest yields of wheat and einkorn wheat were obtained at biodynamic cultivation with applied standard biodynamic compost, followed by the variant of biodynamic compost according to Maria Thun’s compost preparations.
Long distance literacies: Developing academic engagement and equality of provision for distance learners

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The Distance Learning PGCE is a Level 7 course, with many students requiring additional support to develop academic skills at this level. Campus-based students with similar needs have access to academic skills guidance from academic librarians and [institution LD team] which includes self-learn material, drop-in workshops and one-to-one tutorials as well as embedded skills sessions. There are numerous online self-access tutorials for distance learners (see for example [link to institution LD online resources]), however this asynchronous provision inevitably lacks the social and interactive learning opportunities available via synchronous tuition (Hrastinkski, 2008). This can reduce ‘transactional distance’ (Moore, 1993) and result in an unequal learning experience for distance learners. This project seeks to redress the balance by providing a structured programme of synchronous online interactive academic skills workshops (webinars) for distance learners on this course. The project is a collaboration between the Online Learning Tutors, the Academic Librarian and a student partner from the previous year’s cohort. We intend to evaluate the programme by collecting a range of data including participant self-assessment (quantitative); webinar evaluation (quantitative and qualitative) and focus groups (qualitative). Analysis of these data will enable us to answer two key questions:  Have students’ academic skills improved as a result of the synchronous learning opportunities?  Have the synchronous learning opportunities helped to reduce transactional distance? Although we are still in the data collection phase of the project, preliminary findings indicate a positive response from participants with regard to both questions.