jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Erratum: Randomized Trials of Retosiban versus Placebo or Atosiban in Spontaneous Preterm Labor

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Correction to: Randomized Trials of Retosiban Versus Placebo or Atosiban in Spontaneous Preterm LaborAm J Perinatol 2021; 38(S 01): e309-e317DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1710034
Comparison of the stimulus effects of ethylketocyclazocine in fischer and Sprague‐Dawley rats

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract The discriminative stimulus effects of ethylketocyclazocine (EKC) were characterized in Fischer and Sprague‐Dawley rats trained to discriminate 0.3 mg/kg of EKC (s. c.) from saline in a two‐choice, discrete‐trial avoidance paradigm. The putative mu‐opioid receptor agonists morphine and fentanyl, as well as the putative kappa‐opioid receptor agonists EKC and U50,488H generalized completely with the EKC cue in both strains of rats. Only small quantitative differences between strains were observed in the generalization of these agonists with EKC. However, Sprague‐Dawley rats were notably more sensitive than Fischer rats to the depressant effects of fentanyl. Only small quantitative differences between strains were also observed in the dose of naloxone necessary for complete antagonism of the EKC‐like stimulus effects of the mu‐ and kappa‐opioid agonists. The mu‐opioid agonists were approximately 2–6 times more sensitive to naloxone antagonism than the kappa‐opioid agonists in both Fischer and Sprague‐Dawley rats. However, due to inter‐animal variability, this difference was not statistically significant. The results of this study suggest that one or more opioid receptor subtype(s) may be involved in the production of the EKC cue in both strains of rats.
Peer Review #1 of "Increased chronic kidney disease development and progression in diabetic patients after appendectomy: a population-based cohort study (v0.2)"

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background:The vermiform appendix serves as a "safe house" for maintaining normal gut bacteria and appendectomy may impair the intestinal microbiota.Appendectomy is expected to profoundly alter the immune system and modulate the pathogenic inflammatory immune responses of the gut.Recent studies have shown that a dysbiotic gut increases the risk of cardiovascular disease and chronic kidney disease (CKD).Therefore, we hypothesized that appendectomy would increase the risk of CKD.Methods: This nationwide, population-based, propensity-score-matched cohort study included 10,383 patients who underwent appendectomy and 41,532 propensity-score-matched controls.Data were collected by the National Health Insurance Research Database of Taiwan from 2000 to 2013.We examined the associations between appendectomy and CKD and end-stage renal disease (ESRD).The major outcome was a new diagnosis of CKD based on an outpatient diagnosis made at least three times or hospital discharge diagnosis made once during the follow-up period.ESRD was defined as undergoing dialysis therapy for at least 90 days, as in previous studies.Results: The incidence rates of CKD and ESRD were higher in the appendectomy group than in the control cohort (CKD: 6.52 vs. 5.93 per 1000 person-years, respectively; ESRD: 0.49 vs. 0.31 per 1000 person-years, respectively).Appendectomy patients also had a higher risk of developing CKD (adjusted hazard ratio[aHR] 1.13; 95% CI 1.01-1.26;P = 0.037) and ESRD (aHR 1.59; 95% CI 1.06-2.37;P = 0.024) than control group patients.Subgroup analysis showed that appendectomy patients with concomitant diabetes mellitus (aHR 2.08; P = 0.004) were at higher risk of incident
[Improving comprehensive quality of gastrointestinal surgeons to cope with complicated medical environment].

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The doctor-patient relationship has become increasingly tense. The requirement of the society for physicians, especially surgeons is higher. Apart from fine professional skills, surgeons must learn some other skills, such as communication, the ability of self-decompression, and the awareness of public relationship to deal with inculpation from the media and society. The medical record is more and more important nowadays, surgeons should pay enough attention to it. The public misunderstanding of the medical profession will surely harm both doctors and patients in the end.
USING JOURNALING PROMPTS ON EMMO APPLICATION TO ENHANCE STUDENTS’ DESCRIPTIVE TEXT WRITING

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The objective of this study is to know the influence using journaling on EMMO application to enhance students’ descriptive text writing. This research was conducted in SMP Arraisiyah Pamulang, South Tangerang. The population of this research was 8th grade students and the sample was grade 8.2 consist of 37 students. The method of this study was quantitative method using pre-experimental design. To collect the data, the researcher used pre-test and post-test as an instrument that given to the students. The result score of the data concluded that the total score of students in pre-test were 2.352 with the average score was 63.57. The lowest score in pre-test were 36 and the highest score is 85. The total score of students in post-test were 2.963 with the average 80.08. The lowest score of post-test were 60 and the highest score were 95. The result showed that there was significant different between students’ pre-test and post-test scores. Also from the results of the t-test, the tcalculation obtained is higher than the ttable (17.198 > 2.028). It means that there is a significant change and effect in students' pre-test to students' post-test scores and using journaling prompts on the EMMO application can enhance students' descriptive text writing.
Towards collaborative approaches in urban regeneration: A case study in the Latin American context

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Urban regeneration has been subject of a changing environment in which increased participation of different sectors of society play a key role. The shift in power and governance structures has put participation in the centre stage, as a key factor to achieve social and economic sustainability in this kind of projects. A response to this challenge is given by the implementation of collaborative planning and network theories. This thesis is focused on the application of these mechanisms in practice, using a case study as an example of the possibilities and limitations of collaborative approaches. By studying the actor relations within the Fenicia Triangle project, a set of conclusions on the applicability of the instruments and the influence of the context is provided. Finally, a set of recommendations for the practice is presented.
Impact of Climate Change on the Composition and Bioactivity of Inula viscosa Essential Oils: In Vitro, In Silico , and ADME Analysis

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Medicinal plants, rich in secondary metabolites, play a crucial role in drug development. Climate change, driven by industrialization, affects plant growth and the production of these metabolites. The research explores how climate change influences the phytochemical profile as well as the antioxidant and antidiabetic activities of Inula viscosa . The three samples were subjected to contrasting climatic conditions, ranging from a normal climate to progressively intensified combined heat and drought stress over 4 years (Sample 1 under normal seasonal temperature and rainfall; Sample 2 with a 5 C temperature increase and 50% reduced irrigation; and Sample 3 exposed to a 10 C temperature rise and 75% water deficit). Essential oils were extracted and evaluated for antioxidant activity (DPPH, ABTS, and β‐carotene bleaching) and their antidiabetic potential through the inhibition of α‐amylase and α‐glucosidase. In silico analyses, including molecular docking and ADME profiling, were performed, using AutoDockTools and SwissADME, to assess the potential of phytochemicals as inhibitors and their pharmacokinetic properties. The essential oils exhibited significant antioxidant activity, with Sample 2 showing the highest DPPH, ABTS, and β‐carotene bleaching activities. Additionally, notable antidiabetic effects were observed, with Sample 2 exhibiting the strongest inhibitory activity against α‐amylase and α‐glucosidase. Molecular docking studies revealed promising affinities of phytochemicals, such as caryophyllene oxide and α‐cuprenene, for α‐amylase and α‐glucosidase, supporting their potential as antidiabetic agents. These findings highlight the influence of climatic conditions on the biological activity of essential oils. I. viscosa essential oils from arid climates exhibit enhanced antioxidant and antidiabetic properties, with potential therapeutic applications. These effects are closely linked to climate‐driven changes in the chemical composition of the oils.
DESCRIPTIONS OF THREE NEW SPECIES OF PRATYLENCHUS FILIPJEV, 1936 (NEMATODA: PRATYLENCHIDAE)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Two new bisexual and one monosexual species of the genus Pratylenchus collected from India, Panama and Australia are described and illustrated. These species with distinguishing features are: Pratylenchus bhattii sp. n. from Saccharum spontaneum L., India: [female] L= 0.42-0.60 (0.48) mm; lip annuli three; stylet 13-14 (13.5µm; V = 69-76 (73); tail subcylindrical to conoid, with 16-23 annuli and a rounded smooth terminus; males common; Pratylenchus panamaensis sp.n. from Coffea sp. in Panama: [female] L = 0.42-0.59 (0.48) mm; lip annuli two, stylet= 15-17 (16)µm; spermatheca filled with sperms; 4-5 sperms occupying it's width; subcylindrical to subclavate tail with broadly rounded, crenate terminus; males common; Pratylenchus curvicauda sp. n. from Trifolium sp. from Perth, Australia: [female] L = 0.45-0.55 (0.5) mm; lips annuli three; stylet = 15-16.5 (16)µm; spermatheca empty; tail conoid, ventrally curved usually with indented terminus; phasmids located anterior to the middle of the tail being 16-22 annuli or 21-29 µm from tail terminus; males absent.
Testosterone metabolism by the rat gastrointestinal tract, in vitro and in vivo.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

We have shown previously that the capacity of the jejunal mucosa to oxidise testosterone to the weaker androgen, androstenedione, by the enzyme 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17 beta-HSD), is considerable. The present study extends these earlier observations by measuring 17 beta-HSD activity in different regions of the gastrointestinal tract, by investigating the potential for testosterone metabolism by slices and everted sacs of rat jejunum, and estimating the contribution of intestinal testosterone metabolites to circulating levels of plasma androgens, by portal vein sampling in the rat, in vivo. 17 beta-HSD activity in homogenates of gastric and duodenal mucosa was significantly higher than that in jejunum, and was also present in ileum and colon. In addition to androstenedione, slices and everted sacs of rat jejunum produced various metabolites, one of which was probably dihydrotestosterone. It was not, however, a major metabolite in vivo. It is suggested that 5 alpha-reduction may be favoured in vitro by a lower oxidation-reduction potential resulting from tissue anoxia. The major portal vein metabolite was androstenedione, the same major metabolite produced by mucosal homogenates. We conclude that oxidation of testosterone is the major metabolic pathway in intestinal mucosa and the capacity of the gastrointestinal tract to reduce the potency of testosterone is considerable. Our findings suggest that the gut, rather than the liver, is responsible for the failure of oral testosterone to provide effective androgen replacement therapy. The qualitative difference in testosterone metabolism between in vitro and in vivo preparations emphasises the need for caution in the interpretation of similar in vitro experiments.
Noise and stability characteristics of electrically controllable mid-infrared filters for high-sensitivity NDIR sensors

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This study investigates the noise performance of a non-dispersive infrared (NDIR) gas sensor using multi-quantum wells (MQW) and photonic crystal (PC) structures. Noise levels were evaluated using the Allan variance method, and the limit of detection (LOD) was found to be 3.8×10 −3 abs. at a 10 ms integration time and 2.7×10 −4 abs. at a 3 s integration time, and long-term stability was also evaluated through filter stacking. To enhance the performance, the filter design was optimized through adjustments to the MQW absorption peak, PC resonance frequency, and doping concentration. Additionally, improvements in the optical system increased the modulated light intensity by approximately 8.5 times, reducing the LOD to 3.2×10 −5 abs. at a 3 s integration time. These advancements enable high-sensitivity gas detection suitable for industrial applications such as automotive exhaust gas measurement and environmental monitoring.
Present status of verticillium wilt of olive in Andalucía (southern Spain)1

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Verticillium wilt caused by Verticillium dahliae is a disease highly prevalent in newly established olive orchards in Andalucía, southern Spain. Two syndromes of the disease occur in Andalucia, namely apoplexy and slow decline. Apoplexy is characterized by quick dieback of twigs and branches while slow decline consists of rapid drying out of inflorescences together with leaf chlorosis and necrosis. Systematic disease observations carried out in two experimental orchards planted with susceptible cv. Picual indicated that natural recovery of diseased trees occurred over time. Infection and vascular colonization of olive plants by V. dahliae were studied in susceptible (Picual) and resistant (Oblonga) cultivars inoculated with a mildly virulent or a highly virulent cotton‐defoliating isolate of V. dahliae. Disease symptoms developed 24–32 days after inoculation in cv. Picual, but at that time plants of cv. Oblonga remained free from symptoms. However anatomical observations and isolations indicated that systemic infections by the two isolates had occurred to a large extent in both cultivars.
Resveratrol ameliorates the cyclosporine-induced vascular and renal impairments: possible impact of the modulation of renin–angiotensin system

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Cyclosporine, an immunosuppressive drug, exhibits a toxic effect on renal and vascular systems. The present study investigated whether resveratrol treatment alleviates renal and vascular injury induced by cyclosporine. Cyclosporine (25 mg/kg per day, s.c.) was given for 7 days to rats either alone or in combination with resveratrol (10 mg/kg per day, i.p.). Relaxation and contraction responses of aorta were examined. Serum levels of blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, angiotensin II, and angiotensin 1-7 were measured. Histopathological examinations as well as immunostaining for 4-hydroxynonenal and nitrotyrosine were performed in the kidney. RNA expressions of renin–angiotensin system components were also measured in renal and aortic tissues. Cyclosporine decreased the endothelium-dependent relaxation and increased vascular contraction in the aorta. It caused renal tubular degeneration and increased immunostaining for 4-hydroxynonenal, an oxidative stress marker. Cyclosporine also caused upregulations of the vasoconstrictive renin–angiotensin system components in renal (angiotensin-converting enzyme) and aortic (angiotensin II type 1 receptor) tissues. Resveratrol co-treatment prevented the cyclosporine-related deteriorations. Moreover, it induced the expressions of vasodilatory effective angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and angiotensin II type 2 receptor in aorta and kidney, respectively. We conclude that resveratrol may be effective in preventing cyclosporine-induced renal tubular degeneration and vascular dysfunction at least in part by modulating the renin–angiotensin system.
Nonadherence to Dietary Activities and its Associated Factors among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in an Urban Area of South India

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: Self-care activities related to diet, physical activity, foot care, and blood sugar monitoring in Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), besides traditional doctor-centered care is essential. Hence, the study was undertaken to find the prevalence of nonadherence to dietary practices among patients with T2DM, its associated factors and to study the association of nonadherence with body mass index (BMI). Methods: The community-based cross-sectional study was carried out among 400 participants with T2DM aged ≥ 18 years in urban Bangalore. Dietary adherence was assessed using The Summary of Diabetes Self-care Activities Questionnaire and anthropometric measurements were made to calculate BMI. Results: Of the total, 207 (51.8%) were ≥ 60 years, 211 (52.8%) were females and 377 (94.3%) were on oral hypoglycemic agents. Calories were unrestricted in 62.7%, fruits and vegetables were not consumed by 68.8%, and overall, 83.5% were nonadherent to diet. Conclusion: Education and marital status can affect a diabetic individual's diet adherence and hence it is necessary to focus on individuals who are likely to be nonadherent by giving them simple understandable instructions to follow and enabling them with wider variety of food and recipe options. Dislike to food in the diet plan contributed majorly to diet nonadherence and having individualized dietary options with the help of food exchange lists and involving nutritionists in diet planning may help overcome food aversions ensuring better adherence to diet. Creating awareness about self-care among people with T2DM, ensuring strict adherence to diet at every follow-up visit to the health-care professional is required to prevent complications of diabetes.
An Unusual Presentation of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Case Report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the most common malignant tumor of the oral cavity and is a potentially fatal disease that proved to be a bane to clinicians throughout the world. In spite of various treatment modalities to manage oral SCC, one key factor for the prognosis is the early detection. Over the past two decades, there has been a surge in the investigations conducted pertaining specifically to oral cancer. Therefore, the purpose of the current case report is to focus on the use of newer techniques like immunohistochemistry (IHC) which is a valuable tool in diagnosing cases with atypical presentation. J Med Cases. 2016;7(6):242-244 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.14740/jmc2497w
Gastric mucosal blood flow and acid secretory changes in man with impromidine: a new specific histamine-H2-receptor agonist.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The effect of impromidine, a new histamine-H2-receptor agonist, on gastric mucosal blood flow (neutral red clearance) and acid secretion was studied in nine volunteers. Impromidine stimulated a dose-dependent increase in neutral red clearance and acid secretion. Simultaneous cimetidine in three doses caused a parallel shift to the right for both acid output and clearance with unchanged maxima compatible with simple surmountable antagonism. There were small cardiovascular changes: an increased heart rate with a decreased diastolic pressure during infusion of impromidine. These changes were antagonised by cimetidine.
Variance Homogeneity Test Based on Cumulative Wavelet Coefficients

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The aim of this paper is to address the problem of variance break detection in time series in wavelet domain.The maximal overlapped discrete wavelet transform (MODWT) decomposes the series variance across scales into components known as the wavelet variances.We introduce all scale wavelet coefficients based test statistic that allows detecting a break in the homogeneity of the variance of a series through changes in the mean of wavelet variances.The statistic makes use of the traditional CUSUM (cumulative sum) based test designed to test for a break in the mean and constructed using cumulative sums of the square of wavelet coefficients.Under moments and mixing conditions, the test statistic satisfies the functional central limit theorem (FCLT) for a broad class of time series models.The overall performance of our test statistic is compared to the traditional Inclan [8] test statistic.The effectiveness of our statistic is supported by good performances reported in simulations and is as reliable as the traditional statistic.Our method provides a nonparametric test procedure that can be applied to a large class of linear and non linear models.We illustrate the practical use of our test procedure with the quarterly percentage changes in the Americans personal savings data set over the period 1970-2016.Both statistics detect a break in the variance in the second quarter of 2001.
ASHP guidelines for implementing and obtaining compensation for clinical services by pharmacists

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Journal Article ASHP guidelines for implementing and obtaining compensation for clinical services by pharmacists Get access American Journal of Hospital Pharmacy, Volume 42, Issue 7, 1 July 1985, Pages 1581–1582, https://doi.org/10.1093/ajhp/42.7.1581 Published: 01 July 1985
Safety and Closeness in Religious Socialization: A Mixed Methods Study of Finnish Families

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract In this study, we analyze how do safety and closeness, or the lack of them, affect religious socialization in Finnish families. Our empirical data consist of family interviews and a large survey data. As a result, three key dimensions were found: 1) the atmosphere in families, 2) the atmosphere related to religious communities, and 3) the atmosphere related to one’s own spirituality. Our study suggests several implications both for practice in religious and other communities of existential meaning and for the study of those communities and empirical theologies. The study is part of the international research project “The transmission of religion across generations: a comparative international study of continuities and discontinuities in family socialization”, funded by Templeton Foundation.
The Chora of Metaponto 4: The Late Roman Farmhouse at San Biagio (Book Review)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The Chora of Metaponto 4: The Late Roman Farmhouse at San Biagio is a unique publication of a “mid-sized” farmhouse constructed in the mid second century C.E. and abandoned in the mid fourth century. The book is in many ways a model publication of an isolated rural site. The authors take pains not only to detail the excavated material and architecture but also to place the site in the regional context of South Italy and the Metapontino.
Studies in the Hydrolysis of Metal Ions. 33. A Miniature Solubility Column and its Application to a Study of the Solubility of Red Mercury(II) Oxide in Acid 3 M NaClO4 Solutions.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract : A scaled-down version of a conventional solubility column which uses only about 2 g of solid material is described. It is well-adapted for handling radioactive materials, and was used for radiochemical measurements of the solubility of red mercury (II) oxide in 3 M NaC1O4 solutions in the pH range 1- 5. The presence of Hg(2+), HgOH(+), and Hg(OH)2 as the only mercury containing species was confirmed, and the values for the equilibrium constants were calculated.