jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
THE INFLUENCE OF ALUMINUM and ALUMINUM PLUS SILICON ADDITIONS ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF AISI 4340 STEEL

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The softening which occurs on tempering AISI 4340 steel is shown to be retarded by additions of aluminum or combinations of aluminum and silicon. The ''500°F embrittlement'' phenomenon in AISI 4340 steel occurs at higher tempering temperatures in the presence of aluminum and aluminum plus silicon in the steel. Significant improvements in the fracture toughness of low/medium alloy heat treatable steels are possible without a loss in strength through aluminum or aluminum plus silicon additions.
Analysis of supplier selection methods through analytical approach

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

In the present dynamically changing markets, for an efficient and effective supply chain to take place, it is necessary to focus on the stage of supplier selection. Supplier selection helps in reducing the costs, improve the quality and deliver the products on time, thereby enabling the organisations to survive the rising competition in the current scenario of global competing environment. Many scholars have done their research on supplier selection and evaluation, the processes which determine the success and efficiency of any supply chain proposing various models and using different criteria which influence the supplier selection. Based on this, around 225 articles by various researchers from various journals have been reviewed. Based on the research in the previous literature, all the papers have been classified into three categories – conceptual approach, empirical study and analytical models. In this paper, we present a review of the past literature on supplier selection from 89 articles which include only the category of analytical approach.
Development of Eco-Block for Grass Growth based on Expanded Vermiculite Absorbing Bacteria

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

본 연구에서는 박테리아를 흡착한 팽창질석 기반의 친생태 잔디블록의 압축강도 발현과 흡수율 및 생태환경영향 평가를 실시하였다. 경화된 콘크리트의 극건조 환경 및 강알칼리성 환경에서 생장이 가능하며, 식물생장성 증대 효과를 갖는 Bacillus alcalophilus와 Rhodoblastus acidophilus를 $10^9cell/mL$로 배양하여 혼합 사용하였다. 배양이 완료된 박테리아는 생장처 제공을 위한 재료로서 팽창질석에 흡착하였으며, 이를 잔디블록 제조 시 골재의 체적 대비 7.5%와 10% 혼입하였다. 개발된 친생태 잔디블록은 압축강도와 흡수율은 KS 규격을 만족하면서, 수질의 COD 저감, 어류생장 및 식물생장증대에 효과를 보였다. This study developed an eco-block for grass growth using the expanded vermiculites that absorb bacteria selected considering for the high pH and dry environments and plant growth. For the developed eco-block, a fundamental properties including compressive strength gain and water absorption and ecology characteristics were tested. The selected bacteria was Bacillus alcalophilus a nd Rhodoblastus acidophilus and had high concentration of $10^9cell/mL$. The expanded vermiculite that was used for shelter of bacteria was added by 7.5% and 10% replacement of the natural aggregates by volume. The developed eco-block achieved the minimum requirements specified in SPS provision and significantly effective in reducing chemical Chemical Oxygen Demand(COD) concentration and enhancing the growth of fish and plant.
118 Interventional coronary diagnostic procedures without planned coronary stenting: safety and radiation exposure

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background

Interventional coronary diagnostic procedures (ICDP) allow lesion-specific management of coronary artery disease. These include pressure wire-derived fractional flow reserve (FFR) and intracoronary imaging such as optical coherence tomography (OCT) and intravascular ultrasound (IVUS). Coronary instrumentation during these procedures may increase the risk of complications, however, there is a lack of data regarding their safety and associated radiation exposure when performed alone without planned coronary stenting in routine cardiac practice.

Purpose

To evaluate the safety of ICDP techniques when performed without planned coronary intervention.

Methods

Consecutive patients undergoing ICDP (FFR, IVUS or OCT without planned coronary intervention) at the University Hospital Birmingham between January 2015 and December 2018 were retrospectively identified. Demographic, clinical, procedural and outcome data were collected.

Results

A total of 515 patients underwent ICDP. Amongst these patients, 78% underwent FFR alone, 17% IVUS/OCT and 5% both FFR and IVUS/OCT. Patients were predominately male (67%) with a mean age of 66 years. The indication for investigation was stable angina (53%) and acute coronary syndrome (47%). Ninety-four percent of the procedures were performed via radial access. There were two wire related coronary dissections (one requiring coronary stent and one treated with a drug-coated balloon). However, there was no periprocedural death, stroke or myocardial infarction. Mean fluoroscopy time for all ICDP procedures was 8.0 mins and mean total effective dose 6.29mSv. The addition of IVUS or OCT to FFR assessment increased the mean screening time (11.2 +/- 7 mins vs 8.1 +/- 6 mins, P = 0.0118) but did not significantly alter the mean effective dose (9.1 +/- 8 mSv vs 6.5 +/- 8 mSv, p = 0.1260).

Conclusion

Interventional coronary diagnostic procedures carry a low but definite risk, over and above that associated with a diagnostic only angiogram but lower than that of coronary intervention. 2)Radiation exposure is higher than expected from computed tomography-FFR (∼3mSv) which in the future may reduce the need for ICDP.

Conflict of Interest

None
Effect of Dietary Supplementation of Black Pepper (Piper nigrum) on the Performance and Health of Vanaraja Birds

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The investigation of Vanaraja birds on a diet supplemented with black pepper (Piper nigrum) powder” was carried out to study the productive performance, carcass traits, mortality, performance index, blood parameters, and economics of vanaraja birds. A total of one hundred and fifty (150) day-old vanaraja chicks were randomly divided into five treatment groups of thirty birds each, namely T1 (control), T2, T3, T4, and T5, with 5 replications per treatment having 6 birds in each replicate following a randomized block design. Standard broiler diet (0–28) days and finisher ration (29–63 days) were provided to the birds. Black pepper powder was supplemented at the rates of 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1 g/kg feed in T1, T2, T3, T4, and T5, respectively. Body weight, weight gain, and feed conversion efficiency were recorded on a weekly basis, while feed intake was noted on a daily basis. 5 birds from each treatment were killed on the 63rd day in order to evaluate the carcass, and 5 birds from each treatment were selected for collecting blood samples for hematological and biochemical blood analysis. Black pepper supplementation at 0.25 g/kg of basal diet resulted in significantly (P<0.05) higher body weight. Feed intake was significantly (P<0.05) higher in T2 (black pepper @ 0.25%). The dressing and liver weight were better in the T2 group. The performance index was better in the T3 group. Also, blood constituents of cholesterol, HDL, LDL, and triglycerides were found to be lower in T2 groups. The net profit per kg live weight of vanaraja was highest in T1 compared to treatment groups. Based on the above findings, dietary supplementation of black pepper powder at the rate of 0.25 g/kg feed can be recommended under the agro-climatic condition of Nagaland.
EPA-0991 – Possibilities to reduce the severity of post-stroke dementia among patients after massive stroke by means of transluminal laser revascularization method

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The research investigates the possibility of reducing the level of post-stroke dementia. The research involved 92 patients after massive ischemic stroke aged 32–72. The patients underwent: CDR, MMSE, cerebral CT, MRI, SG, REG, cerebral multi-gated angiography (MUGA). Initial dementia and cognitive impairment severity was identified among 33 patients (35.87%): moderate dementia (CDR-2) - 18 (54.55%) patients (MMSE 11–18); severe dementia (CDR-3) - 15 (45.45%) patients (MMSE 7–10). Transluminal treatment was performed in 68 cases - Test Group. Conservative treatment was performed in 24 cases - Control Group. Test Group. Good immediate angiographic outcome manifested in the restoration of vessels lumen and patency, as well as in collateral revascularization, was achieved in 66 (95.59%) cases. The following positive trend was observed in 12–24 months: Absence of dementia signs, cognitive function restoration to MMSE 28–30 - 14 (20.59%) patients; Dementia severity reduction to CDR-1, cognitive function restoration to MMSE 21–27 - 30 (44.12%) patients; Dementia severity reduction to CDR-2, cognitive function restoration to MMSE 17–20 - 24 (35.29%) patients; Control Group. The following was observed in 12–24 months: Dementia severity reduction to CDR-1, cognitive function restoration to MMSE 21–26 - 2 (8.33%) patients; Dementia severity reduction to CDR-2, cognitive function restoration to MMSE 17–20 - 5 (20.83%) patients; Absence of clear signs of declining dementia - 17 (70.85%) patients. Transluminal laser revascularization of cerebral blood vessels is more efficient than therapy in the treatment of ischemic stroke; it can significantly reduce dementia level and bring patients back to their normal active life.
Reveal irAE by analysis of 197,921 claim-based prescriptions.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

e13639 Background: immune-related adverse effects (irAE) are widely known for immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), but medications used to relieve irAE based on patient profile and condition are not offered in guidelines. Publications are available to reveal irAE from hospitals, but the number of cases are normally only a few hundred and insufficient to stratify by more variables. Claim-based data points were also used in a few publications, based on analysis of diagnosis code such as ICD-9 and ICD-10. However, missing or wrong coding of adverse effects are well-known and over-exaggerated for severe adverse events, and are also affected by reimbursement policy. This research used medications from a large national health system to understand irAE and treatments related to them. Methods: 2017-2019 National Health Insurance database (NHIDB) in Taiwan was used. The case group was identified as (2,474) patients who used PD-1 inhibitors (more specifically Nivolumab, Pembrolizumab, and Atezolizumab because only those three were available in the duration). A control group was identified as (6,207) patients given platinum-based chemotherapy (cases using other cancer drugs at the same time were excluded). Odds ratios were calculated to see frequency of irAE and medications in both groups. Results: Top 10 medications are listed. Diphenhydramine and pain killers were the most common AE-relief medications for cancer patients in NHIDB and only anilides (mostly propacetamol) are overlapped. The rest of the drugs with OR > 3, especially steroids (thyroid and corticosteroids), were used mainly for irAE. Conclusions: The research reveals a novel approach to understand how physicians prescribe to treat irAE. The larger number of cases reported compared to previous studies suggests that such a database can be used for future research, including to reveal demographic patterns, and to aid the development of guidelines, teaching aids, and decision support.[Table: see text]
Novel signal-detection approaches in optoacoustic tomography

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Optoacoustic (photoacoustic) tomography (OAT) is a hybrid imaging modality that enables high-resolution optical imaging at depths that exceed the optical diffusion limit by combining optical excitation with acoustic detection. In this talk, I will discuss two techniques for the detection of acoustic signals in OAT that overcome limitations of piezoelectric technology, commonly used in OAT. In the first technique, a novel acoustic detector was developed in a silicon-photonics platform, achieving a record-high resolution of <20 µm, previously achieved only in optoacoustic microscopy setups. In the second technique, we developed cyclic acoustic masks that enable the application of signal-pixel imaging, facilitating semi-isotropic resolution and sensitivity enhancement.
Factors That Differentiate Underachieving Gifted Students From High-Achieving Gifted Students

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to examine whether gifted achievers and gifted underachievers differ in their general academic self-perceptions, attitudes toward school, attitudes toward teachers, motivation and self-regulation, and goal valuation. The sample consisted of 56 gifted underachievers and 122 gifted achievers from 28 high schools nationwide. Gifted achievers and gifted underachievers differed in their attitudes toward school, attitudes toward teachers, motivation/self-regulation, and goal valuation, but not their academic self-perceptions. In addition, the logistic regression analysis correctly classified over 81% of the sample as either gifted achievers or gifted underachievers using their motivation/self-regulation and goal valuation self-ratings. This study represents an important step toward quantifying factors related to the underachieviement of gifted adolescents.
Modelling methodologies for quality assessment of 3D inkjet printed electronic products

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Purpose of the Fraunhofer Direct Digital Manufacturing Conference is an intellectual exchange between researchers, enterprises and users of Additive Manufacturing technologies in order to gather the latest information about trends, progress, importance and the future potential of these technologies for industrial applications. The range of topics covers Product Development (incl. simulation, co-design, mass customization), Technologies (incl. bio-printing, hybrid processes, novel developments/visionary concepts, process chains for industrial production), Materials (incl. ceramics, bio-materials, multi-material approaches), Quality (incl. process/ part quality management) as well as further innovative and visionary approaches not fitting the range of topics above. Renowned international keynote speakers give insight into the latest trends and challenges in additive manufacturing in a variety of industry sectors, including biomedical, aerospace and automotive.
Kevin M. Teeven. A History of the Anglo-American Common Law of Contract. (Contributions in Legal Studies, number 59.) New York: Greenwood. 1990. Pp. xii, 382. $49.95

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Journal Article Kevin M. Teeven. A History of the Anglo-American Common Law of Contract. (Contributions in Legal Studies, number 59.) New York: Greenwood. 1990. Pp. xii, 382. $49.95 Get access Teeven Kevin M.. A History of the Anglo-American Common Law of Contract. (Contributions in Legal Studies, number 59.) New York: Greenwood. 1990. Pp. xii, 382. $49.95. A. W. Brian Simpson A. W. Brian Simpson University of Michigan, Ann Arbor Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The American Historical Review, Volume 97, Issue 2, April 1992, Pages 522–523, https://doi.org/10.1086/ahr/97.2.522 Published: 01 April 1992
Neurophysiological Assessment of Electrode Placement in the Spinal Cord

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The use of neurophysiological techniques in addition to radiographic methods to determine the location of electrodes to be introduced into the epidural space for spinal cord stimulation is beneficial. Information on the distribution of paresthesias and muscle twitches provides an indication of the level and lateral location in relation to the midline of the spinal cord. For electrodes placed posteriorly, the threshold currents necessary for sensation are lower than those for muscle responses. Somatosensory evoked potentials resulting from epidural stimulation demonstrate effective depolarization of ascending structures. Evoked potentials recorded from the electrodes in response to peripheral nerve or spinal cord stimulation at a distant segment illustrate the possibility of activation of underlying generators of the spinal cord.
Low-Voltage, Full-Swing InGaZnO-Based Inverters Enabled by Solution-Processed, Ultra-Thin AlxOy

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

High-performance, full-swing inverters implemented with InGaZnO thin-film transistors (TFTs) have been demonstrated capable of operating at a very low-voltage. The threshold voltage of the load and drive TFTs were modified through careful change of the gate dielectric anodization voltage. Both the load and drive TFTs show excellent electrical properties, including a current ON/OFF ratio > 10 6 and a subthreshold swing close to the theoretical limit. As a result, the inverters show high voltage gains up to 34 at a supply voltage of only 1 V as well as high noise margins >92% of the theoretical maximum. The devices and the fabrication process might have potential applications in future wearable and disposable electronics where low cost and low power are vital.
Atmospheric aging increases the cytotoxicity of bare soot particles in BEAS-2B lung cells

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Soot particles (SP) are ubiquitous components of atmospheric particulate matter and have been shown to cause various adverse health effects. In the atmosphere, freshly emitted SP can be coated by condensed low-volatility secondary organic and inorganic species. In addition, gas-phase oxidants may react with the surface of SP. Due to the chemical and physical resemblance of SP carbon backbone with polyaromatic hydrocarbon species and their potent oxidation products, we investigated the biological responses of BEAS-2B lung epithelial cells following exposure to fresh- and photochemically aged-SP at the air–liquid interface. A comprehensive physical and chemical aerosol characterization was performed to depict the atmospheric transformations of SP, showing that photochemical aging increased the organic carbon fraction and the oxidation state of the SP. RNA-sequencing and qPCR analysis showed varying gene expression profiles for fresh- and aged-SP. Exposure to aged-SP increased DNA damage, oxidative damage, and upregulation of NRF2-mediated oxidative stress response genes compared to fresh-SP. Furthermore, aged-SP augmented inflammatory cytokine secretion and activated AhR-response, as evidenced by increased expression of AhR-responsive genes. These results indicate that oxidative stress, inflammation, and DNA damage play a key role in the cytotoxicity of SP in BEAS-2B cells, where aging leads to higher toxic responses. Collectively, our results suggest that photochemical aging may increase SP toxicity through surface modifications that lead to an increased toxic response by activating different molecular pathways.
Use of Period Analysis to Timely Assess Five-Year Relative Survival for Patients with Ovarian Cancer from Taizhou, Eastern China

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: Ovarian cancer is a deadly gynecologic malignancy with a poor prognosis. It is essential to evaluate the early detection and screening programs of ovarian cancer via timely assessment of long-time survival, particularly in China where those data are incredibly limited. Here, we aimed to provide timely and accurately assessment of long-term survival estimate of ovarian cancer patients from eastern China. Methods: Data of 770 ovarian cancer patients diagnosed between 2004–2018 were obtained from four cancer registries in Taizhou, eastern China, were included. We used period analysis to calculate five-year relative survival (RS) of aforementioned ovarian cancer patients for overall and the stratification by age at diagnosis and region. Results: Our findings demonstrated that the overall five-year RS for ovarian cancer patients in Taizhou between 2014 and 2018 was 69.2%, while urban areas were higher compared to rural areas (77.6% vs. 64.9%). We also observed a significant age gradient with the five-year RS decreasing from 79.6% for age group < 55 years to 66.9% for age group > 74 years. Furthermore, we identified a clear upward trend of five-year RS over the study period, both overall and stratified by region and age at diagnosis. Conclusion: This is the first study in China using period analysis to provide the most up-to-date five-year RS for ovarian cancer patients from Taizhou, eastern China, which reaches 69.2% during 2014–2018. Our results provide valuable information for timely assessment of early detection and screening programs for ovarian cancer in eastern China.
I have a DRIHM: A Case Study in Lifting Computational Science Services Up to the Scientific Mainstream

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

While we are witnessing a transition from petascale to exascale computing, we experience, when teaching students and scientists to adopt distributed computing infrastructures for computational sciences, what Geoffrey A. Moore once coined the chasm between the visionaries in computational sciences and the early majority of scientific pragmatists. Using the EU-funded DRIHM project (Distributed Research Infrastructure for Hydro-Meteorology) as a case study, we see that innovative research infrastructures have difficulties to be accepted by the scientific pragmatists: The infrastructure services are not yet "mainstream". Excellence in workforces in computational sciences, however, can only be achieved if the tools are not only available but also used. In this paper we show for DRIHM how the chasm exhibits and how it can be crossed.
Effects of biomolecular linkers and interstitial nanocrystals on plasmon coupling in nanoparticle dimers

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Plasmon coupling is known to cause distance dependent red-shifts of the characteristic plasmon resonance and localize strong electric fields to the gap between individual nanoparticles. These effects form the basis of nanoscale plasmonic sensors designed by creating specic structures of coupled nanoparticles. The simplest of these structures, a nanoparticle dimer, can easily be assembled through molecular self-assembly, resulting in a structure called a plasmon ruler. These plasmon rulers are crucial tools for the measurement of nanoscale distances, but the impact of the molecular linker on the plasmonic response of the coupled system remains insufficiently understood. In this dissertation, plasmons rulers composed of 40 nm gold nanoparticles are utilized to systematically investigate the potential effects of one molecular linker, DNA, on the strength of the plasmon coupling at a variety of interparticle separations. The strength of the plasmon coupling is determined based on the shifting of the plasmon resonance, which, at separations below 2.7 nm, is significantly blue-shifted when compared to expected values from electromagnetic simulations and experiments without DNA linkers. This deviation indicates a reduced charge accumulation on the nanoparticles in the gap region and is ascribed to DNA-mediated charge transfer. \nEnhancements to the charge transfer capabilities of the DNA were also investigated, through the deposition of interstitial palladium nanocrystals on the DNA linkers. The deposition of these nanocrystals results in a variety of structural changes to the plasmon rulers, associated with blue- and red-shifts of the plasmon resonance relative to electromagnetic simulations without gap material and experimental spectra of structures without molecular or metallic linkers. The relative blue-shift of the resonance results from a variety of scenarios, including short interparticle separations bridged by DNA or palladium nanocrystals, the build-up of palladium nanocrystals within the gap, or the incorporation of discrete palladium nanoparticles in the DNA linkers. The underlying mechanisms of the observed spectral shifts are analyzed. The red-shifted resonances resulted from a significant build-up of palladium nanocrystals in the gap, effectively linking the gold nanoparticles and forming a hybrid nanorod-like structure.