jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Using team service-learning projects in environmental science

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper describes the rationale and means used to guide students in developing, presenting, and assessing civic engagement projects done as teams. Team projects and other forms of groupwork are effective tools for improving student learning. This paper presents a ‘roadmap’ of different environmental courses with descriptions of possible group products, evaluation schemes for effective grading, and forms of student feedback. Team learning promotes creative, dynamic responses to community opportunities. The result of team learning enhances student performance and skills, in addition to benefitting the community.
Canadian arctic marine transportation: present status and future requirements

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

The future of Canadian marine transportation development in Arctic waters remains uncertain. Although proponents of the Arctic Pilot Project (APP) – a proposal to ship LNG through the Northwest Passage – have withdrawn their application from the National Energy Board, a smallerscale project involving production and transportation of oil from the Bent Horn field on Cameron Island by the marine mode is being promoted by Panarctic Oils Ltd. Beaufort Sea project proponents (Dome, Gulf and Esso) are still considering the feasibility of both tanker and overland pipelines and have not made final decisions on the preferred mode of hydrocarbon transport. The Beaufort Sea Environmental Assessment Panel, in policy recommendations to the federal government in July 1984, has cast further uncertainty over marine transportation of Arctic hydrocarbons by advising the government of Canada to withhold approval of the tanker option until the completion of two evaluation stages – general government research and preparation, and experimental testing of two Arctic Class 10 oil-carrying tankers.
Fault-tolerant Holonomic Quantum Computation in Surface Codes

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We show that universal holonomic quantum computation (HQC) can be achieved fault-tolerantly by adiabatically deforming the gapped stabilizer Hamiltonian of the surface code, where quantum information is encoded in the degenerate ground space of the system Hamiltonian. We explicitly propose procedures to perform each logical operation, including logical state initialization, logical state measurement, logical CNOT, state injection and distillation,etc. In particular, adiabatic braiding of different types of holes on the surface leads to a topologically protected, non-Abelian geometric logical CNOT. Throughout the computation, quantum information is protected from both small perturbations and low weight thermal excitations by a constant energy gap, and is independent of the system size. Also the Hamiltonian terms have weight at most four during the whole process. The effect of thermal error propagation is considered during the adiabatic code deformation. With the help of active error correction, this scheme is fault-tolerant, in the sense that the computation time can be arbitrarily long for large enough lattice size. It is shown that the frequency of error correction and the physical resources needed can be greatly reduced by the constant energy gap.
Understanding laser desorption with circularly polarized light

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract We present aspects of emerging optical activity in thin racemic 1,1′‐Bi‐2‐naphthol films upon irradiation with circularly polarized light and subsequent resonant two‐photon absorption in the sample. Thorough analysis of the sample morphology is conducted by means of (polarization‐resolved) optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The influence of crystallization on the nonlinear probing technique (second harmonic generation circular dichroism [SHG‐CD]) is investigated. Optical activity and crystallization are brought together by a systematic investigation in different crystallization regimes. We find crystallization to be responsible for two counter‐acting effects, which arise for different states of crystallization. Measuring crystallized samples offers the best signal‐to‐noise ratio, but it limits generation of optical activity due to self‐assembly effects. For suppression of crystallization on the other hand, there is a clear indication that enantiomeric selective desorption is responsible for the generation of optical activity in the sample. We reach the current resolution limit of probing with SHG‐CD, as we suppress the crystallization in the racemic sample during desorption. In addition, intensity‐dependent measurements on the induced optical activity reveal an onset threshold (≈0.7 TW cm −2 ), above which higher order nonlinear processes impair the generation of optical activity by desorption with CPL.
Study of random urinary calcium/creatinine ratio as a predictor of preeclampsia in and around Chitradurga

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Pre-eclampsia is defined as development of hypertension and proteinuria (>300 mg in 24 hours urine) after 20th week of gestation. The presence of proteinuria remains central to the diagnosis of pre-eclampsia. 24 hours urinary protein measurement is time-consuming and needs more assistance. Spot urinary calcium: creatinine ratio (CCR) has been used to determine the diagnostic accuracy of proteinuria in pre-eclampsia. A case control comparative study was done with women having pre-eclampsia and normal pregnant women admitted in Gynecology department at Basaveshwara Medical College Hospital, Chitradurga according to the criteria. There was a significant negative correlation between calcium: creatinine ratio and 24-hours urinary proteinuria (r= -0.51). Spot urinary calcium: creatinine ratio at cut off value of 0.18 shows 100% sensitivity and 84% specificity. We conclude that the urinary calcium: creatinine ratio should be considered as a potential alternative for 24-hours urine collection for proteinuria in pregnant women to detect pre-eclampsia.
Brain microstructure of subclinical apathy phenomenology in healthy individuals

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Although apathy has been extensively studied in relation to neuropsychiatric disorders, it is still unclear whether, in healthy people, it should be considered as a physiological phenomenon or whether it is a risk factor for progression to clinical disturbances. Here, we investigated subclinical apathy phenomenology and its brain microstructural correlates in healthy individuals. We submitted 72 participants to a comprehensive clinical assessment, a high‐resolution structural MRI and a diffusion tensor imaging scan protocol. Data of individual microstructural (mean diffusivity and fractional anisotropy) variations were processed across genders in relation to the Apathy Rating Scale score. In females, subclinical apathy phenomenology was associated with microstructural variation of the bilateral thalami, the anterior thalamic radiation, the forceps major, and the corona radiate. These are white matter areas mostly connecting the thalami to the frontal and occipital cortices, regions that are known to be implicated in the expression of apathy in clinical samples. No significant relationship with brain microstructure was found in males who showed a positive correlation between subclinical apathy and somatic phenomenology of depression. In conclusion, our results show that in healthy individuals subclinical apathy phenomenology is associated with different mechanisms across genders, and raise the issue about whether brain microstructural changes associated with subclinical apathy in healthy females could be a precocious marker useful in the prediction of progression to more severe apathetic conditions. Hum Brain Mapp 34:3193–3203, 2013 . © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Assessment of Aflatoxin M1 and M2 exposure risk through Oaxaca cheese consumption in southeastern Mexico

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The present study evaluated the exposure of Southeast Mexican population to Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) and M2 (AFM2) through the consumption of Oaxaca cheese. The intake of Oaxaca cheese was assessed via a food 7-day dairy questionnaire (N = 1100, 2014 and 2015). Thirty Oaxaca cheeses were randomly sampled, and the origin of the samples was also investigated. AFM1 and AFM2 were quantified by HPLC-FD. The exposure was assessed through the combination of the Probabilistic Density Functions (probabilistic approach). The percentage of the population at risk was calculated through the population exceeding the toxicological reference values (TDI). The risk assessment revealed that the population at higher risk to AFM1 and AFM2 was the children, followed by the adolescents and adult women. To our knowledge, the present study is the first to assess the exposure risk of different age groups of a population to AFM1 and AFM2 through the consumption of cheese.
THE IDEOLOGY OF FOOD OR THE FOOD OF IDEOLOGY: FOOD CULTURE IN TERMS OF IDENTITY / Yemeğin İdeolojisi ya da İdeolojinin Yemeği: Kimlik Bağlamında Yemek Kültürü

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study focuses on the ideology of food and food culture which has formed an expanding \ncultural environment in recent years. The food of ideology refers to the food culture \nwhich is shaped by values, attitudes and points of view determining our behaviors. The \nformer points to the consumption society, while the latter refers to the field of cultural reproduction \nwhich is the main topic of this paper. It can be said that there is a complex but \nreciprocally affirmative relationship between the ideology and the identity. This relationship \nwhich relies on references like belonging and legitimacy is always rebuilt considerably historically \nand spatially. In these rebuilding processes, semiological meanings of eating and food \ncultures are employed widely. In this framework, this paper deals with how identity categories \nsuch as religious beliefs, nationality, class, nationalism and ethnicity shape food culture. \nConsequently, all traditional and modern forms of eating practices have explicit or implicit \nmeanings. The ideological attitude of a society has a determining role in forming of these \nmeanings. Survival strategies of religious, ethnic, sexual, national and all kinds of identities \nhave a political character, too. Food cultures also locate themselves according to these fields \nof struggle, and moreover they can be the means of struggle themselves.
The effects of stream riparian cover and insect contributions to the diet of banded kokopu (Galaxias fasciatus)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Banded kokopu (Galaxias fasciatus) are a native endemic fish that inhabit many first to third order streams and rivers throughout lowland New Zealand. Their presence is reliant on stream shading, cool water temperature, riparian vegetation cover, adequate habitat and availability of invertebrates for consumption, particularly invertebrates of terrestrial origin. This study tested whether the extent of riparian cover in forested streams affected terrestrial insect contributions to the stream. This study also tested whether varied insect availability in drift then influenced banded kokopu diet. \nEight forest sites were chosen throughout the Waitakere Ranges to represent a range of vegetation cover types, from 65-100% overhead vegetation cover. All sites were assessed during summer, and four of those eight sites during winter, to provide seasonal comparison while maintaining a cross section of the cover variable. Measurements of allochthonous invertebrate drift were obtained during both day and night. Fish gut contents were also obtained from each site. \nThis study found that significantly higher densities of insects in drift occurred in summer during both day and night time collections. Although many significant relationships were found between cover and insect abundance during day and night at summer and winter, there was no unequivocal evidence to confirm that increases in riparian cover above 65% caused a subsequent increase in the density of terrestrial insects in drift. \nBanded kokopu diet consisted of 87.6% terrestrial components during summer and 58.7% during \nwinter, giving an average diet composition of 73.1% terrestrial insects. There was little evidence to suggest that banded kokopu diet tracked the provision of terrestrial prey abundances in drift. Banded kokopu were selective in their consumption habits, consuming a similar community of insects from the proportion of those available. \nComparison of these results with other studies suggest that abundant food was available to fish in streams utilised in this study, allowing banded kokopu to be selective in their diet choices from the proportion of food opportunities available. However, a lack of suitable feeding habitat and residential habitat restricted the abundance of banded kokopu at these locations. It is possible that where dense populations of banded kokopu exist, increased competition with conspecifics may cause prey consumption to closer track diet availability.
Towards Modelling Effective Educational Games Using Multi-Domain Framework

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Game-based learning (GBL) has dominantly become an emerging teaching industry in 21st century. To provide an effective development of educational games (EG) with assurance of effectiveness, modelling and design methods are highlighted. To model EG, game developers must understand existing elements' interaction and relationships. The elements of EG have been documented in literature; however, the relationships are not well documented. Hence, this research has established these relationships by conducting a literature survey and identifying the relationships between different elements. Consequently, they are validated by eight game-based learning experts via qualitative methods and the validation results are interpreted using the hermeneutics method of the interpretivism paradigm. In this chapter, the authors present the relationships that they found most crucial to validate since they have the least literature evidence. With the relationships identified and documented, game developers will have better understanding of the interaction between each element and can produce better models of EG.
Antiangiogenic Activity of Mononuclear Copper(II) Polypyridyl Complexes for the Treatment of Cancers

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

A series of four new mononuclear copper(II) polypyridyl complexes (1-4) have been designed, developed, and thoroughly characterized by several physicochemical techniques. The CT-DNA binding properties of 1-4 have been investigated by absorption, emission spectroscopy, and viscosity measurements. All the complexes especially 1 and 4 exhibit cytotoxicity toward several cancer cell lines, suggesting their anticancer properties as observed by several in vitro assays. Additionally, the complexes show inhibition of endothelial cell (HUVECs) proliferation, indicating their antiangiogenic nature. In vivo chick embryo angiogenesis assay again confirms the antiangiogenic properties of 1 and 4. The formation of excessive intracellular ROS (H2O2 and O2(•-)) and upregulation of BAX induced by copper(II) complexes may be the plausible mechanisms behind their anticancer activities. The present study may offer a basis for the development of new transition metal complexes through suitable choice of ligands for cancer therapeutics by controlling tumor angiogenesis.
Medicinal Plants and Natural Products from Caatinga Biome with Anti-Inflammatory Activity

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The Caatinga biome (semiarid vegetation) is a highly threatened biome covering a vast area in northeastern Brazil and is the source of few studied natural resources. Many medicinal plant species from Caatinga are widely known and used in folk medicine and for the commercial manufacturing of phytotherapeutic products. Few ethnobotanical and pharmacological studies have been undertaken in this region despite the great cultural and biological diversity to be found there. The purpose of this chapter is to present the research carried out at the Federal University of Vale do São Francisco with the species Hymenaea martiana and Passiflora cincinnata, typical species from the Caatinga biome. The main chemical constituents identified in extracts of these species will be presented. Regarding pharmacological activity, results will be presented on the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities. The exact mechanism involved in the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities is not completely understood, but, at least in part, there is the participation of opioid receptors and the inhibition of cyclooxygenase enzymes. Docking studies confirm this hypothesis. Pharmacological and chemical studies are continuing in order to characterize the mechanism responsible for these effects.
TH‐EF‐BRD‐08: A Retrospective Statistical Analysis of Consistencies in Treatment Plan Parameters by the Treatment Site and Modality

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Purpose: Simple rules and common senses based on prior knowledge could be powerful tools for medical physicists to identify and prevent severe errors in radiation therapy (RT) treatment plans. However, rules, e.g. the acceptable MU/cGy ratio for different treatment sites, are not yet available quantitatively and therefore cannot be utilized effectively. In this study, we have retrospectively analyzed all the EBRT treatment plans of the past 8 years at authors’ institution. The goal is to better understand the most common treatment plan data statistics, involving MU/cGy ratio, numbers of beams and segments, and ranges of gantry angles for lateral targets, in order to quantitatively define the common sense‐based rules that could be used to guide manual or automatic physics checks. Methods: 15844 previous treatment plans were obtained from Mosaiq. Plan data were extensively processed including 1) reducing data size, 2) removing empty and unapproved site and fields, 3) deriving common site names from names of prescriptions and beams that were spelled and misspelled extremely diversely, and 4) removing the plans not covered by this study, e.g. HDR plans. Processed data was then statistically analyzed using multivariate regression algorithms to quantitatively investigate the relationships between the input parameters, i.e. treatment site, technique, modality, and laterality, and the output parameters, i.e. MU/cGy radio, the total number of treatment beams and segments, and the beam gantry angles (only for lateral targets). Results: Mean values and standard deviations of the output parameters were calculated and tabulated per treatment site, technique and modality. Beam gantry angle range and mean gantry angle were analyzed per site for plans treating lateral targets. Conclusion: The results of this study, as the statistics of the major treatment plan parameters, could be useful to quantitatively evaluate the consistency of new treatment plans in either manual or automatic plan checking procedures.
Oxide surface functionalization for infrared plasmonic sensing

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Surface-enhanced infrared absorption (SEIRA) spectroscopy employs noble metal nanoparticles or nanostructures to enhance the characteristic absorption spectra of certain molecules. One of the critical steps is to achieve robust surface functionalization of the plasmonic nanostructures facilitating further functionalization or repeatable sensing performance. Here we explore the application of Al and ITO nanostructures in infrared spectroscopy and demonstrate surface functionalization with phosphonic acid that show strong bonding with oxide surface. We fabricated large-area aluminum (Al) metamaterial perfect absorber (MPA) based on nanosphere lithography (NSL)[1-2]. Near perfect absorption ~97% was achieved at resonance wavelength that is tunable by changing Al disk diameters. We took advantage of the presence of the Al 2 O 3 layer and successfully detected presence of the self-assembly monolayer of phosphonic acid on the Al disks[1].
IMPLICATIONS FOR THE USE OF PROJECTIVE TECHNIQUES IN ORGANIZATIONAL CONSULTING: SOME FINDINGS FROM A GERMAN SURVEY STUDY

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Relevance and scope of projective techniques for the purpose of organizational consulting are discussed. As an example, responses to a word-association task requiring each participant to visualize his company as an animal were compared with the rated appraisal for different values and qualifications as elements of corporate success. The sample consisted of 219 German managers (48% of them were CEOs or board members). Meaningful relationships between the choice of certain animals and value preferences were shown. Finally, widespread disapproval of projective techniques in management diagnosis and organizational consulting may be challenged.
A general method for the determination of the kinetic stability of macrocyclic alkali-metal complexes with rates of decomplexation below 10–3s–1

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A general method has been developed for the determination of kinetic stabilities of macrocyclic alkali-metal complexes with rates of decomplexation (Kd) below 10-3 s-1, by use of radioactive isotopes. This method offers the possibility to study the influence of the solvent polarity and of the salt concentration in solution on the rate of decomplexation of macrocyclic metal complexes. Further advantages are the small amounts of ligand required for these determinations and the simplicity of the method. Furthermore, it is possible by this method to study the degenerate exchange of sodium for sodium and of rubidium for rubidium. By this method the kinetic stabilities of the sodium and rubidium complexes of calixspherands 1–4 were determined. Calixspherand 3 forms kinetically very stable complexes with sodium and rubidium cations in acetone and Me2SO in the presence of high concentrations of sodium cations in solution; half-life times of exchange are 855 (Na+) and 528 (Rb+) h in acetone and 352 (Na+) and 845 (Rb+) h in Me2SO, respectively. The results of this method were verified by an independent 1H NMR spectroscopic method.
Design and application of stateful middleware management platform based on cloud native

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Web service specifications of WSRF and WSN provide a new method to solve the problem of stateful middleware services. At present, cloud native technology has been widely used in the field of stateful middleware management platform. Based on stateful Web services, a middleware SOA framework for the control of physical examination population has been designed, and its stateful resource encapsulation method and state, message notification mechanism when resource changes and other key technologies have been described in detail. Finally, the middleware has been implemented through Globus Toolkit 4.0, and good application results have been achieved on the medical examination appointment platform.