jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
UK air travel: taking off for growth?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This chapter addresses the policy debate over air travel in Great Britain. It examines the trends in British air travel since 1998, focusing on the issues of airport capacity and the step changes brought about by low-cost carriers (LCCs). The chapter discusses the current policy context introduced by the 2003 White Paper The Future of Air Transport, which is essentially concerned with a tripartite interweaving of national and regional responses, mediated through the wider context of European Union (EU) policy. It also addresses the contested interconnections between air transport’s role in sustaining economic development and the costs of its rapidly growing environmental externalities.
Performance of Melia composita Willd. Seedling in Root Trainers under Two Different Growing Conditions

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Melia composita Willd. syn M. dubia Cav. commonly known as Bakayan is a fast growing tree occurring in tropical forests and commercially valued for its multifarious uses. Present investigation was conducted to assess the performance of Melia composita Willd. seedling in two growing environments viz. nursery under tree shade and agro net shade house. Five different types of containers viz., root trainers of size 150 carrying capacity (cc), 200cc, 250 cc, 300cc and poly bags (17x13cm) were used to grow seedlings in comparison to bed grown seedlings. The seedling growth parameters such as, plant height, collar diameter, root length, total fresh/dry weight and root: shoot ratio was recorded for each treatment. Presently, significant interaction among container type, size and growing environment has been observed. Plants attained maximum height, collar diameter, root length, fresh and dry biomass and dry root/shoot ratio under agro net house environment. Total plant biomass was recorded maximum in bed nursery but the root: shoot ratio and sturdiness quotient were least. Root: shoot ratio on dry weight basis and sturdiness quotient was recorded maximum in 300cc root trainer.
Research grade data logging monitoring system for wind energy farms

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

In this paper a research grade data logging monitoring system for wind energy farms is presented. Structure of metrological tower with wind speed and direction sensors, air temperature and humidity sensors, barometric air sensors and data logger is presented. System was tested with various sample rates (from 1 Hz to 200 Hz) of four simulated digital anemometers, with various sample rates (1 Hz and 10 Hz) of four analog temperature and humidity sensors and with fixed sample rate (10 Hz) of four analog barometric pressure sensors. System performances are tested in laboratory conditions and results of testing are presented.
A Study on Chinese Network Catchwords in 2018 From the Perspective of Memetics

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

With the advancement of information technology and in the current development of the network society, the emerging network language, driven by strong language memes, continually derives and spreads.Based on memetics, the paper analyzes the memes phenomenon of Chinese network catchwords in 2018 and that it can be categorized into three forms.And it further explores the reasons for the popularity of network catchwords: simplicity, vividness, and defamiliarization.
Sparse subspace clustering algorithm with non-convex constraints

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Key of sparse subspace clustering is to solve an optimization problem based on sparse penalty term to obtain sparse representation coefficients. Ideal sparsity penalty term is ℓ0-norm, but the optimization problem based on the ℓ0-norm is NP-hard. At present, most methods for solving sparse coefficients use the convex relaxation of the ℓ0-norm, ℓ0-norm as a penalty term, but it can not well describe the sparsity of the representation coefficients. Therefore, In this paper, a nonconvex φα energy functional is used to replace the ℓ0-norm in the objective function and a sparse subspace clustering algorithm based on non-convex φα energy functional is proposed, compared with the traditional ℓ1-norm, non-convex φα energy functional increases the sparsity of the representation coefficients and obtains a better similarity matrix, where α ⪆ 0 is a parameter that regulates the degree of non-convex constraints. In addition, the alternating direction method of multipliers is used to solve the optimization problem with non-convex constraints. Experiments on synthetic datasets and face datasets show that the proposed algorithm reduces the error rate of clustering.
Going beyond illustration of the Lovecraft novel at the mountains of madness

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The research examines the relationship between the Sublime, the written works of H. P. Lovecraft, and the researcher’s production in the studio arts. It analyses how the Sublime is approached as a subject matter and principal objective within philosophical and artistic discourses, historically and within a contemporary paradigm. It also investigates the applicability of the Sublime to selected themes uncovered in H. P. Lovecraft’s work in general, and At the Mountains of Madness in particular. This is undertaken through an investigation of primary and secondary sources whose explorations and contextualization informs and supports the researcher’s practical visual studies. A reflective and critical analysis of this studio work is performed and included in the main body of the dissertation, from which a conclusion is drawn about the effectiveness of this approach. Specifically, the research explores the relevance of the Sublime both as a critical component of contemporary fine arts and as a fundamental element of the work of H. P. Lovecraft, At the Mountains of Madness in particular. In addition, the research’s practical component consists of a visual exploration of the intersection between the two. Furthermore, it represents an evaluation of this overlap in its effective translation across modes of expression, as interpreted through the medium of the researcher’s creative process.
Anderson transitions

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The physics of Anderson transitions between localized and metallic phases in disordered systems is reviewed. The term ``Anderson transition'' is understood in a broad sense, including both metal-insulator transitions and quantum-Hall-type transitions between phases with localized states. The emphasis is put on recent developments, which include: multifractality of critical wave functions, criticality in the power-law random banded matrix model, symmetry classification of disordered electronic systems, mechanisms of criticality in quasi-one-dimensional and two-dimensional systems and survey of corresponding critical theories, network models, and random Dirac Hamiltonians. Analytical approaches are complemented by advanced numerical simulations.
Dyslipidemia in diabetes: a population-based study in Bali

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Ketut Suastika,1 I Made Siswadi Semadi,1 I Made Pande Dwipayana,1 Made Ratna Saraswati,1 Wira Gotera,1 Anak Agung Gde Budhiarta,1 Kinuyo Matsumoto,2 Naemi Kajiwara,2 Hiroshi Taniguchi31Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University/Sanglah Hospital, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia; 2Graduate School of Life Science, Kobe Women&amp;rsquo;s University, Kobe, Japan; 3Department of Diabetology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe University, Kobe, JapanCorrespondence: Ketut SuastikaDivision of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University/Sanglah Hospital, Jalan Kamboja, Denpasar, Bali, IndonesiaTel +62 81 138 0916Email ksuas@unud.ac.idPurpose: To establish the lipid pattern in subjects with diabetes mellitus (DM) and factors that are correlated with insulin resistance and lipid disorders in a population of Bali.Methods: A cross-sectional population-based study which enrolled 1840 subjects (age 13&amp;ndash;100 years) from 7 villages was carried out. Several clinical parameters were measured including age, gender, body mass index, waist circumference (WC), fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), apolipoprotein (apo) A (apoA), apoB, non-HDL-C, T/HDL-C ratio, LDL-C/apoB ratio, apoB/A ratio, plasma insulin, and homeostasis of model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR).Results: TC, TG, and non-HDL-C levels were higher in DM subjects than in normal glucose tolerance (NGT) subjects in both genders; total/HDL-C ratio was higher in subjects with DM than in NGT subjects only in men; LDL-C levels, apoB levels, and apoB/A ratios were higher and LDL/apoB was lower in subjects with DM than in NGT in women. In subjects with DM, the target for LDL-C (79%), non-HDL-C (85.2%), apoB (80%), HDL-C (34.9%), TG (46.7%), and small-dense low density lipoprotein (42.2%) was not achieved.Conclusion: FBG was correlated with TC, TG, LDL-C, apoB, non-HDL-C levels, LDL/apoB, and apoB/apoA ratios. Subjects with DM had higher levels of TC, TG, and non-HDL-C levels in both genders; T/HDL-C ratio only in men; LDL-C, apoB/apoA ratio and lower LDL/apoB ratio only in women. Obesity was correlated with lipid levels. WC was correlated with LDL/apoB ratio, insulin level, HOMA-IR, and TG; highest absolute strength of correlation was with LDL/apoB ratio. Insulin resistance was correlated with lipid levels or ratios, especially in women. In women, HOMA-IR had a positive correlation with total/HDL-C ratio, non-HDL-C, apoB, and a negative correlation with HDL-C levels.Keywords: HOMA-IR, dyslipidemia, diabetes
“In the Face, a Right Is There”: Arendt, Levinas and the Phenomenology of the Rights of Man

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This paper examines the differences between the thought of Hannah Arendt and Emmanuel Levinas concerning the "Rights of Man", in relation to stateless persons. In The Origins of Totalitarianism, Arendt evinces a profound scepticism towards this ideal, which for her was powerless without being tethered to citizenship. But Arendt's own idea of the "Right to have Rights" is critiqued here as being inadequate to the ethical demand placed upon states by refugees, in failing to articulate just what states might be responsible for. I argue that the ethical philosophy of Levinas meets this lacuna in Arendt's thought, via his concept of the Face as the locus of human dignity and to which states can be recalled to responsibility. Levinas wrote several papers on what he called "the phenomenology of the Rights of Man", and in his phrase, which provides a summation of precisely what is lacking in Arendt's arguments: "In the face – a right is there".
A Sub-arcsecond Study of Ionized Gas in NGC 253

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The nuclear region of the starburst galaxy NGC 253 was observed in H92α (8.3 GHz) and H75α (15.4 GHz) recombination lines at sub-arcsecond resolution using the A-configuration of the Very Large Array (VLA). In the highest resolution observations at 15.3 GHz, we have detected a compact (< 5 pc), high density (> 5 × 10 4 cm −3 ) ionized region which is nearly coincident with the radio continuum peak near the nucleus. Modeling of RRL emission from this region shows that about 1000 O stars are needed to maintain the ionization. Assuming the Salpeter initial mass function, the implied overall stellar density corresponds to that of a super star cluster.
<title>Tellurium antisites in CdZnTe</title>

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The n-type conduction of CdTe and Cd0.96Zn0.04Te crystals grown from melts with excess tellurium indicates that the origin of the donors with an energy level at 0.01 eV below the conduction band are most likely singly ionized tellurium antisites instead of cadmium interstitials. Based on this model, the deep level at 0.75 eV below the conduction band is therefore doubly ionized tellurium antisites. After increasing the zinc content over 7%, CdZnTe turns to p-type. The conduction type variation of CdZnTe crystals as a function of zinc contents is explained by the compensation between the donors of Te-antisites and the acceptors of Cd vacancies. High resitivity Cd0.9Zn0.1Te crystals are produced by compensating the p-type crystals with indium at a low doping level of 1- 5x1015 cm-3. At room temperature, the high yield CdZnTe radiation detectors can resolve the six low energy peaks from the Am241 source, a performance comparable to the best reported CdZnTe detectors.
Learning Attributed Graphlets: Predictive Graph Mining by Graphlets with Trainable Attribute

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The graph classification problem has been widely studied; however, achieving an interpretable model with high predictive performance remains a challenging issue. This paper proposes an interpretable classification algorithm for attributed graph data, called LAGRA (Learning Attributed GRAphlets). LAGRA learns importance weights for small attributed subgraphs, called attributed graphlets (AGs), while simultaneously optimizing their attribute vectors. This enables us to obtain a combination of subgraph structures and their attribute vectors that strongly contribute to discriminating different classes. A significant characteristics of LAGRA is that all the subgraph structures in the training dataset can be considered as a candidate structures of AGs. This approach can explore all the potentially important subgraphs exhaustively, but obviously, a naive implementation can require a large amount of computations. To mitigate this issue, we propose an efficient pruning strategy by combining the proximal gradient descent and a graph mining tree search. Our pruning strategy can ensure that the quality of the solution is maintained compared to the result without pruning. We empirically demonstrate that LAGRA has superior or comparable prediction performance to the standard existing algorithms including graph neural networks, while using only a small number of AGs in an interpretable manner.
A DNA Coarse-Grain Rigid Base Model and Parameter Estimation from Molecular Dynamics Simulations

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Sequence dependent mechanics of DNA is believed to play a central role in the functioning of the cell through the expression of genetic information. Nucleosome positioning, gene regulation, DNA looping and packaging within the cell are only some of the processes that are believed to be at least partially governed by mechanical laws. Therefore it is important to understand how the sequence of DNA affects its mechanical properties. For exploring the mechanical properties of DNA, various discrete and continuum models have been, and continue to be, developed. A large family of these models, including the model considered in this work, assume that bases or base pairs of DNA are rigid bodies. The most standard are rigid base pair models, with parameters either obtained directly from experimental data or from Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations. The drawback of current experimental data, such as crystal structures, is that only small ensembles of configurations are available for a small number of sequences. In contrast, MD simulations allow a much more detailed view of a larger number of DNA sequences. However, the drawback is that the results of these simulations depend on the choice of the simulation protocol and force field parameters. MD simulations also have sequence length limitations and are currently too intensive for (linear) molecules longer than a few tens of base pairs. The only way to simulate longer sequences is to construct a coarse-grain model. The goal of this work is to construct a small parameter set that can model a sequence- dependent equilibrium probability distribution for rigid base configurations of a DNA oligomer with any given sequence of any length. The model parameter sets previously available were for rigid base pair models ignoring all the couplings beyond nearest neighbour interactions. However it was shown in previous work, that this standard model of rigid base pair nearest neighbour interactions is inconsistent with a (then) large scale MD simulation of a single oligomer [36]. In contrast we here show that a rigid base nearest neighbour, dimer sequence dependent model is a quite good fit to many MD simulations of different duration and se- quence. In fact a hierarchy of rigid base models with different interaction range and length of sequence-dependence is discussed, and it is concluded that the nearest neighbour, dimer based model is a good compromise between accuracy and complexity of the model. A full parameter set for this model is estimated. An interesting feature is that despite the dimer dependence of the parameter set, due to the phenomenon of frustration, our model predicts non local changes in the oligomer shape as a function of local changes in the sequence, down to the level of a point mutation.
Comparative Studies and the South American Gran Chaco

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article reviews the historical and present prospects of ethnohistorical and ethnographic work in the South American Gran Chaco. Geographically the Chaco is a semi-arid central South American plain, some one million square kilometers in size, encompassing portions of northern Argentina, eastern Bolivia, and western Paraguay. Average rainfall oscillates around 800 mm/yr, with the peripheries being wetter and the central Chaco drier. Some 250,000 indigenous people belonging to more than twenty ethnic groups live in the Chaco. Traditional ethno-linguistic categorization classifies them into six main linguistic groups: Mataco-maká (Wichí-Mataco, Chorote, Nivaclé-Chulupí, Maká), Guaycurú (Toba, Toba-Pilagá, Pilagá, Mocoví, Mbayá-Caduveo), Lule-Vilela (Chunupí), Lengua-Maskoi (Lengua, Sanapaná, Angaité, Enenlhet), Zamuco (Chamacoco-Ishir, Ayoreo) and Tupí-Guaraní (Ava-Chiriguano, Chané, Tapiete, Isoseño-Guaraní, and Guaraní Occidental). The last group is the largest, including nearly 100,000 people, of whom the majority live in Bolivia. Unlike their Amazonian and Andean counterparts, Chaco indigenous peoples have yet to establish transnational, pan-indigenous representative bodies of their own. The present position of Chaco scholars is in many ways isomorphic to that of Chaco indigenous peoples, as Chaco anthropology has not established itself as an internationally recognized field of endeavor. Nevertheless, recent scholarship in the region is currently producing an original synthesis of many of the long-standing concerns of Andeanist and Amazonianist scholarship, respectively. A case can also be made for a new direction for research, based upon intriguing anthropological and historical parallels between the North American Great Plains and the South American Gran Chaco. The very indefinition of Chaco scholarship may also be its principal strength, and the past and present directions of Chaco research both draw upon and make a persuasive case for returning to comparative and area studies approaches in anthropology.
The Clinical Application and Future Perspective of Fluorescence Imaging in the Treatment of Lung Cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

放射線画像の進歩とともに微小な肺結節がますます検出されるようになり，手術の低侵襲化とともに，胸腔鏡下手術の時代となった．さらに，微小結節の同定や区域切除にインドシアニングリーン（indocyanine green: ICG）などの蛍光色素が用いられている．そこで，今回，呼吸器外科手術の中心となる肺がん治療における蛍光イメージングについて，近年臨床応用が広まっているICGの利用を中心に概説する．
Analisis Dampak Tingkat Pendidikan Ibu dan Pemberian Asi Eksklusif terhadap Prevalensi Stunting pada Anak Balita di Palangkaraya

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Stunting is one of the serious health problems in Indonesia, especially in children under five. This study aims to analyze the impact of maternal education level and exclusive breastfeeding on the prevalence of stunting in Palangka Raya. The research method used in this study uses quantitative methods and cross-sectional approaches with univariate data analysis and bivariate analysis. The univariate analysis aims to describe the distribution of toddlers based on age, gender, maternal education level, distribution of exclusive breastfeeding, and nutritional status of toddlers based on health profile data in the form of a frequency distribution table. This study involved 540 respondents consisting of mothers and children under five. The results of the study showed that there was a significant relationship between the level of maternal education and exclusive breastfeeding and the incidence of stunting in toddlers in Palangka Raya.
CHANGES IN CLIENT FUNCTIONING DURING TREATMENT AT A SECONDARY STAGE ADDICTION FACILITY: AN ANALYSIS OF CASE RECORDS

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Recent findings indicate that South Africa and, in particular, the Western Cape has some of the highest prevalence of substance use disorders and substance related problems in the world. Further, in the past decade, the prevalence of poly-substance use in South Africa has grown considerably. The high prevalence of substance use disorders and related problems in the Western Cape relative to an already significant national problem highlights the importance of local research on the effective treatment of substance use disorders. While there are outcome studies supporting the effectiveness of various addiction treatment models, and much is known about the various stages of intervention at addiction treatment facilities, little is known about the processes and mechanisms of addiction treatment and recovery. Various authors have proposed that researching patient progress through treatment is essential to growing our knowledge, improving treatments and generalising them to other settings. This study aimed to investigate client case files at a secondary stage addiction treatment facility in Cape Town to explore whether there were any discernible patterns in clients' functioning across different stages of treatment. The research took the form of a case study that used thematic analysis to discern patterns in qualitative data regarding reported observations of client's behaviours, cognitions, affects and physical states at different stages of addiction treatment. Comparisons were also made between the observations of clients with Axis II personality traits and those without Axis II personality traits, and between clients recovering from stimulant addiction and those recovering from non-stimulant addiction. The participants comprised a sample of 33 clients of a secondary stage addiction treatment facility in Cape Town, South Africa. Analysis yielded a number of possible patterns in the distribution of themes across time-points, some of which resonated with previous research, particularly regarding second order change, but also regarding Protracted Withdrawal Syndrome and 'The Wall'. The comparative analysis indicated that there might be both similarities and differences between subgroups of clients that may shed light on the use of matching hypotheses in the context of addiction treatment.