jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Consumption of Dairy and Its Association with Nutritional Status in the South East Asian Nutrition Surveys (SEANUTS)

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Despite a major decrease in undernutrition worldwide over the last 25 years, underweight and stunting in children still persist as public health issues especially in Africa and Asia. Adequate nutrition is one of the key factors for healthy growth and development of children. In this study, the associations between dairy consumption and nutritional status in the South East Asian Nutrition Survey (SEANUTS) were investigated. National representative data of 12,376 children in Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, and Vietnam aged between 1 and 12 years were pooled, representing nearly 88 million children in this age category. It was found that the prevalence of stunting and underweight was lower in children who consumed dairy on a daily basis (10.0% and 12.0%, respectively) compared to children who did not use dairy (21.4% and 18.0%, respectively) (p < 0.05). The prevalence of vitamin A deficiency and vitamin D insufficiency was lower in the group of dairy users (3.9% and 39.4%, respectively) compared to non-dairy consumers (7.5% and 53.8%, respectively) (p < 0.05). This study suggests that dairy as part of a daily diet plays an important role in growth and supports a healthy vitamin A and vitamin D status.
Crystal structure of a phosphatase resistant mutant of sporulation response regulator Spo0F fromBacillus subtilis

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Prokarvotes to eukarvotes have ubiquitously and abundantly cyclophilin (CyP) soluble~in the cytoplasm; CyPA and membranebound CyP; CyPB.While CyPB is seen to be homolog to ninaA, biological role of CyPA is still poorly understood.Even though
First report of pith necrosis of tomato caused by Pseudomonas mediterranea in Turkey

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

During winter and spring 2001–03, 83 glasshouse-grown tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) crops in Antalya and Mugla, in the Mediterranean and Aegean regions of Turkey, were surveyed for pith necrosis. Bacteria were consistently isolated on nutrient agar (NA) or King's Medium B (KB) from the stems of tomato plants of the most commonly grown cultivars (cvs Selin and Astona) showing brown water-soaked and dry pith necrosis symptoms. Bacterial suspensions (50 µL, 108 CFU mL−1) in sterile distilled water, prepared from 24 h cultures, were injected into the axils of the first true leaves of 4-week-old tomato plants (cvs Selin and Astona, six plants of each cultivar per isolate). A reference isolate of Pseudomonas mediterranea CFBP5404 (from France) and sterile distilled water were used as positive and negative controls, respectively. After inoculation, plants were enclosed in polyethylene bags for 3 days to maintain high humidity. Symptoms did not develop on negative control plants but were observed after 14 days on plants inoculated with bacteria. The pathogenic bacteria were aerobic, produced smooth colonies on NA, were nonfluorescent on KB, were oxidase positive, did not produce levan, were nonpectolytic and reduced nitrates to nitrites (Lelliot & Stead, 1987) as described for both Pseudomonas corrugata and P. mediterranea. In PCR using both type I (PC5/1 and PC5/2) and type II primers (PC1/1 and PC1/2) (Catara et al., 2002), 71 of the 83 bacteria isolated were identified as P. corrugata by amplification of a 1100 bp DNA fragment, but 12 were identified as P. mediterranea by amplification of a 600 bp DNA fragment identical to that of the reference isolate of P. mediterranea CFBP5404. Identification as P. mediterranea was also confirmed by comparing BOX-PCR profiles of the isolates to those of the reference cultures of P. corrugata and P. mediterranea. Pith necrosis of tomatoes caused by P. corrugata and Pseudomonas fluorescens has been reported previously in Turkey (Demir, 1990; Saygili et al., 2004). This is the first report of P. mediterranea causing tomato pith necrosis in Turkey. This research was funded by the Administration Unit of the Scientific Researches and Projects of Akdeniz University.
Characterization of Surgery-Induced Vaccine Dysfunction in a Therapeutic Murine Melanoma Model

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Surgical resection is the leading treatment of most solid tumours, however surgical stress creates an immunosuppressive environment that promotes metastases. A global decrease in T cell numbers and function post-surgery has been documented. However, the effect on tumour associated antigen (TAA)-specific T cells remains unclear. The objective is therefore to evaluate the impact of surgical stress on TAA-specific adaptive T cell immunity. Melanoma tumour-bearing C57BL/6 mice were vaccinated using AdhDCT, an adenovirus expressing dopochrome totaumerase (DCT), a melanoma TAA, and underwent abdominal nephrectomies to induce surgical stress. Surgical stress decreased the number of splenic cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) and their capacity to produce immunostimulatory cytokines (IFNγ and TNFα), as determined by flow cytometry. A perioperative accumulation in CTL-suppressive MDSCs was observed and demonstrated a direct suppression of CTL IFNγ and TNFα production and secretion. Understanding the mechanisms of perioperative T cell dysfunction will facilitate the development of targeted immunotherapies.
An Empirical Investigation into the Contribution of Foreign Aid to Economic Growth in Developing Countries: Exploring the Role of Democracy

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The significance of the study lies in the fact that this study will enable developing countries to find the benefits that they can get by establishing and strengthening democratic institutions in order to augment the positive effects of foreign aid for their economic growth. This study aims to explore the role of democracy in determining the effectiveness of foreign aid in economic growth. This study utilizes the growth rate of real GDP as an explained variable while foreign aid (FAID), official development assistance (ODA), Political regimes (DEM), gross capital formation (GCF), real financial consumption expenditures (GFCE), and Consumer price index (CPI) are used as explanatory variables. For this, the present study uses the panel data of selected developing countries for the period of 2006 to 2018. The results of the generalized method of moments (GMM) indicate that foreign aid is not beneficial for the economic growth of selected countries whereas, democracy is favorable for higher economic growth. When foreign aid is granted to democratic countries, it accelerates economic growth. Hence, the policy makers of donors’ institutions should consider the democratic attributes to make decision about foreign aid towards developing countries.
Phorbol ester stimulation of RasGRP1 regulates the sodium-chloride cotransporter by a PKC-independent pathway

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The sodium-chloride cotransporter (NCC) is the principal salt-absorptive pathway in the mammalian distal convoluted tubule (DCT) and is the site of action of one of the most effective classes of antihypertensive medications, thiazide diuretics. We developed a cell model system to assess NCC function in a mammalian cell line that natively expresses NCC, the mouse DCT (mDCT) cell line. We used this system to study the complex regulation of NCC by the phorbol ester (PE) 12- O -tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), a diacylglycerol (DAG) analog. It has generally been thought that PEs mediate their effects on transporters through the activation of PKC. However, there are at least five other DAG/PE targets. Here we describe how one of those alternate targets of DAG/PE effects, Ras guanyl-releasing protein 1 (RasGRP1), mediates the PE-induced suppression of function and the surface expression of NCC. Functional assessment of NCC by using thiazide-sensitive 22 Na + uptakes revealed that TPA completely suppresses NCC function. Biotinylation experiments demonstrated that this result was primarily because of decreased surface expression of NCC. Although inhibitors of PKC had no effect on this suppression, MAPK inhibitors completely prevented the TPA effect. RasGRP1 activates the MAPK pathway through activation of the small G protein Ras. Gene silencing of RasGRP1 prevented the PE-mediated suppression of NCC activity, the activation of the H-Ras isoform of Ras, and the activation of ERK1/2 MAPK. This finding confirmed the critical role of RasGRP1 in mediating the PE-induced suppression of NCC activity through the stimulation of the MAPK pathway.
Re‐activating the Nordic welfare states: do we find a distinct universalistic model?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Purpose To clarify the core characteristics of Nordic activation policies in the context of typologies of European activation governance. Design/methodology/approach The paper analyses activation governance in the light of the basic values and beliefs behind the formation of the Nordic social protection systems in the mid‐20th century. Recent model‐building efforts see the Nordic countries as being close to a “universalistic” and egalitarian type of activation policy that does not systematically submit citizens to work requirements. The authors ask whether this model captures the actual scope and contents of Nordic activation governance. Findings The Nordic countries‐based relatively generous income security systems on a strong work ethic and ambitions to maximise labour market participation of the working‐age population. Citizens's rights to income security were generally linked to the fulfilment of work requirements. Although this active governance of unemployed citizens eroded in the 1970s and 1980s all the Nordic countries revived it after 1990. Largely reflecting the dual structure of the income protection system, Nordic active approaches to activation are not egalitarian. Research limitations/implications Nordic countries are currently implementing major administrative reforms in social protection, possibly creating more unified and egalitarian governance of activation. Future research needs to assess the impact of these reforms. Originality/value The article presents an analysis of activation policies that so far has been missing from comparative research and that will be of particular value for non‐Nordic readers who may have received a biased view of Nordic activation policies.
[Secretion of catecholamines during pregnancy].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The excretion of total catecholamines in the urine of 18 females being in various stages of gestation was examined. These women did not take during their pregnancy any drug affecting the synthesis, storage, release, reuptake or metabolism of catecholamines. From the assessment of total catecholamines of 24 hours no statistically significant difference was observed as to the excretion of catecholamines as compared to the amount excreted by non-pregnant normal females.
Dopant environment within Eu-doped BaAl2O4: a complementary XRPD and XAS study

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Barium aluminate BaAl2O4 is a photoabsorptive material of a considerable interest because of its potential application in the field of electronics and optical data processing (Kim et al., 2000). The electronic properties, as well as the photoabsorption performance of this material, can be tuned by addition of varying amounts of dopants/defects into the host structure resulting with more promising or advanced applications (Zhang et al., 2007). When doped/co-doped with transition metal cations or rare earth cations, it exhibits good luminescence performance. The europium doped BaAl2O4 is already used as a luminescent material with an emission in the red spectral range. Optical properties of this material have been widely investigated, but the crystal structure has not been examined. A mechanism of Eu incorporation into the BaAl2O4 host was only predicted on the basis of optical data (Peng & Hong, 2007). Barium aluminate exists in two hexagonal phases with a reversible phase transition at 123 °C (Huang et al., 1994). At RT a ferroelectric phase in P63 space group is present, while at high temperature it holds a P6322 space group assigned to the paraelectric phase. Structural studies of nanocrystalline powder sample of BaAl2O4 doped with 4.9 at% Eu3+ have been performed in order to examine the dependence of dopant incorporation mechanism on its oxidation state and doping level. Eu3+-doped BaAl2O4 phosphor sample was prepared by the hydrothermal route. Combined X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), 151Eu Mossbauer measurements and synchrotron based X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) were applied in order to examine the location and oxidation state of the europium dopant within the BaAl2O4 host matrix. Obtained XANES data at Eu L3-edge for the Eu- doped sample showed the presence of europium in 3+ oxidation state solely. An occupation of barium sites in the host BaAl2O4 lattice was clearly evidenced within a detailed analysis of the EXAFS data at the Eu L3-edge for the Eu-doped sample. The results suggested a mean Eu-O distance of about 2.40 A and the coordination number of about 9, both indicating on Eu3+ substitution for Ba2+. Results of the Rietveld structure refinement analysis have indicated that Eu3+ dopant ions tend to occupy IX-coordinated Ba2 positions in hexagonal channels formed by corner-linked AlO4 tetrahedra of the BaAl2O4 host with a charge compensation by oxygen interstitials. References: Huang, S.-Y., Von der Muell, R., Ravez, J., Chaminade, J. P., Hagenmuller P. & Couzi M. J. (1994). Solid State Chem. 109, 97-105. Kim, C., Kwon, I., Park, C., Hwang, Y., Bae, H., Yu, B., Pyun, C. & Hong. G. (2000). J. Alloys Compd. 311, 33-39. Peng, M. & Hong, G. (2007). J. Lumin. 127, 735- 740. Zhang, L., Wang, L. & Zhu, Y. (2007). Adv. Funct. Mater. 17, 3781-3790.
Removal of Acid blue 113 dye in a moving bed biofilm reactor using isolated bacterial species

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Department of Chemical Engineering & Technology IIT (BHU), Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India E-mail: raviks.rs.che16@itbhu.ac.in Manuscript Received online 7/10/2020, Accepted 10/5/2020 Acid blue 113 (AB113), an azo dye, is found in the wastewater released from leather, textile, tannery, and paper printing industries. It is toxic, carcinogenic, and mutagenic, causes adverse effects on the ecosystem. In this study, polypropylene-polyurethane foam (PP-PUF) was used as carriers in a lab-scale moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) for the removal of AB113. The process variables i.e., pH, dye concentration, and hydraulic retention time (HRT) were optimized by central composite design (CCD) of response surface methodology (RSM). The optimumvalue of pH and HRT were obtained as 7.0 and 20 h, respectively, for the maximum removal of dye at the highest concentration of 300 mg/L of AB113. At optimized conditions, the maximum removal of AB113 and chemical oxygen demand (COD) were found to be 72.76 and 58.84 %, respectively.
The Impact of Health-Related User Interface Sounds on Player Experience

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Background. Understanding how sound functions on informational and emotional levels within video games is critical to understanding player experience of games. User interface sounds, such as player-character health, are a pivotal component of gameplay across many video game genres, yet have not been studied in detail. Method. To address this research gap in user interface sounds, we present two studies: The first study examines the impact of the presence or absence of player-health sounds on player experience. The second study explores the impact of the types of sound used to indicate player health. We use mixed methods with qualitative and physiological measures. Results. Our results reveal that despite the presence of visual cues, sound is still important to game design for conveying health-related information and that the type of sound affects player experience.
Cooperative Cognition and Its Implementation under Web Environment

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Problem cognition is often the first step to problem solving. Complex problem solving is often promoted by cooperative cognition. Our research work presented in this paper is initialed by a motivated example. Then meta-cognition and cooperative cognition are explored by defining their Cognition Logic Context and Cognition Resource Context. Cognition evolution is discussed from the transformation of problem state space. Moreover, the knowledge flow principle engaged in cooperative cognition is explored from the perspective of learning and cognition evolution. To promote cooperative cognition under Web environment, a context application paradigm is proposed based on P2P scenarios. The conclusions and our future works are presented at last.
FINTECH AND COMMERCIAL BANKS: COMPETITION AND OPPORTUNITIES OF COOPERATION

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Introduction. Recent fundamental changes have taken place in all spheres of society, primarily related to the development of technology. The financial sector is no exception: every year both consumers of financial products and services and their producers are more and more committed to the introduction of new technologies. The pioneers of these changes are FinTech companies, which have managed to achieve significant development over the last decade, and which continue to grow. Traditional financial intermediaries are beginning to be wary of their market shares and see FinTech companies as new competitors. However, it is thanks to them that the financial market can reach a new level, and if their efforts are combined with the knowledge and experience of commercial banks - titans of financial intermediation, a number of benefits for them and for the financial system as a whole will be got. Purpose. The article aims to research the reasons for the rapid development of FinTech companies, possible ways of cooperation between them and commercial banks and the benefits that financial markets will receive from these associations. Method (methodology). General scientific research methods, such as analysis, synthesis and deduction, methods of theoretical substantiation, statistical analysis, comparison, abstract-logical, graphical and tabular methods were used. Results. The article describes the main advantages and disadvantages of FinTech companies compared to commercial banks, which are, on the one hand, their innovation, adaptability and speed of response to environmental change, and, on the other hand, the presence of additional risks. According to this, the prospects of cooperation between FinTech companies and commercial banks and the benefits that will be received by all financial market participants were considered. The article also outlines what activities banks and FinTech companies will engage in as part of such cooperation and what stages they will need to go through to achieve maximum results.
Degradation of Chlorpyrifos on Leaf Surface of B.campestris L.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The laws and impact factors of degradations of pesticide chlorpyrifos on leaf surface of B.campestris L.in sterilization and nonsterilization environment under different temperatures were studied in this paper.The results showed that chlorpyrifos residues on leaf surface of B.campestris L.were gradually decreasing as sampling time increasing under different conditions,and pesticide degraded quickly at the early stage,slowly at the late stage after it was sprayed;under four different test conditions their corresponding half-life of sterilization were all much shorter than that of nonsterilization;within temperature range of 20～34 ℃,the higher the temperature was,the shorter half-life of chlorpyrifos residue was.
Approximating travelling waves by equilibria of non-local equations

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We consider an evolution equation of parabolic type in R having a travelling wave solution. We study the effects on the dynamics of an appropriate change of variables which transforms the equation into a non-local evolution one having a travelling wave solution with zero speed of propagation with exactly the same profile as the original one. This procedure allows us to compute simultaneously the travelling wave profile and its propagation speed avoiding moving meshes, as we illustrate with several numerical examples. We analyze the relation of the new equation with the original one in the entire real line. We also analyze the behavior of the non-local problem in a bounded interval with appropriate boundary conditions. We show that it has a unique stationary solution which approaches the traveling wave as the interval gets larger and larger and that is asymptotically stable for large enough intervals.
Role of the C Terminus of FtsK in Escherichia coli Chromosome Segregation

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT FtsK is essential for Escherichia coli cell division. We report that cells lacking the C terminus of FtsK are defective in chromosome segregation as well as septation, often exhibiting asymmetrically positioned nucleoids and large anucleate regions. Combining the corresponding truncated ftsK gene with a mukB null mutation resulted in a synthetic lethal phenotype. When the truncated ftsK was combined with a minCDE deletion, chains of minicells were generated, many of which contained DNA. These results suggest that the C terminus of FtsK has an important role in chromosome partitioning.
The effect of EC milk quotas on the milk and livestock sectors in the UK

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Abstract The medium‐term impact of the EC milk quotas regime on milk and livestock production in the UK is examined by comparing post‐quota trends with a hypothetical no‐quota scenario generated by a dynamic simulation model of the milk, beef and sheepmeat sectors. The model is used to estimate the reduction in the price of milk which would have achieved an equivalent reduction in the volume of milk supplied resulting from the quota policy. Implicit short‐ and long‐run elasticities of supply and shadow prices for milk for the late 1980s are obtained and their implications discussed.
HOW LOCAL PRACTICES OF SOCIOPOLITICAL INNOVATION DEVELOP: And Why This Matters for Urban Transformations

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract This article addresses a critical gap in extant theorizing of urban transformations by focusing on the political and temporal dimensions of how innovations emerge, develop and become institutionalized into alternative systems of the everyday such as social centres, community gardens or urban commons. Going beyond current approaches, we offer a new understanding of innovations as sociopolitical practices: sets of resourced activities aiming to reshape urban spaces to achieve social and political ends locally. Developing an original theorization of such practices, we identify and differentiate between three sets of activities designed to meet local needs: assembling innovations—identifying and employing a wide variety of local resources within a neighbourhood; extending innovations—broadening the scope of initiatives and making them last; and, institutionalizing innovations, anchoring them in a more formalized structure. Sociopolitical innovations require sustained practices whereby situated agents pragmatically push for change over time. While the ongoing development of systems of the everyday may have limited immediate transformative impact, the reshaping of local resources prefigures an alternative which breaks from, yet is embedded in, everyday urban life. Our theorizing is underpinned by an international qualitative study of neighbourhoods in four European cities: Amsterdam, Birmingham, Copenhagen and Glasgow.