jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Circulating SOD2 Is a Candidate Response Biomarker for Neoadjuvant Therapy in Breast Cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

There is a great need for non-invasive tools that inform of an early molecular response to cancer therapeutic treatment. Here, we tested the hypothesis that proteolytically resistant proteins could be candidate circulating tumor biomarkers for cancer therapy. Proteins resistant to proteolysis are drastically under-sampled by current proteomic workflows. These proteins could be reliable sensors for the response to therapy since they are likely to stay longer in circulation. We selected manganese superoxide dismutase (SOD2), a mitochondrial redox enzyme, from a screening of proteolytic resistant proteins in breast cancer (BC). First, we confirmed the robustness of SOD2 and determined that its proteolytic resistance is mediated by its quaternary protein structure. We also proved that the release of SOD2 upon chemotherapy treatment correlates with cell death in BC cells. Then, after confirming that SOD2 is very stable in human serum, we sought to measure its circulating levels in a cohort of BC patients undergoing neoadjuvant therapy. The results showed that circulating levels of SOD2 increased when patients responded to the treatment according to the tumor shrinkage during neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Therefore, the measurement of SOD2 levels in plasma could improve the non-invasive monitoring of the therapeutic treatment in breast cancer patients. The identification of circulating biomarkers linked to the tumor cell death induced by treatment could be useful for monitoring the action of the large number of cancer drugs currently used in clinics. We envision that our approach could help uncover candidate tumor biomarkers to measure a tumor’s response to cancer therapy in real time by sampling the tumor throughout the course of treatment.
Occurrence Download

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A dataset containing 100 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query: { "TaxonKey" : [ "is Macrocarpaea valerii Standl." ] } The dataset includes 100 records from 15 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0171305-240321170329656/datasets/export for details. Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
What is a Pasifika research methodology? The 'tupua' in the winds of change

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

When Pasifika researchers in New Zealand embark on a research project, two questions come to mind. The first question is, what perspective should one take for the project? Second, how does one apply that perspective to the project? This paper describes the perspective of a Samoan researcher while contemplating undertaking a research project. Having settled initially on the viewpoint the research will take, the paper describes how this perspective is then applied to the research process. The paper argues that using a methodology that is responsive and culturally appropriate to a Pasifika audience can yield good outcomes for future directions. In addition, the employment of such a methodology can illustrate the richness of things Pasifika that other people can look upon as relevant and ethnic specific thus dispelling the myth that only Western methods are valid and reliable.
239 Measurements of occupational exposure to EMF emitted by high-speed maglev transportation system and its health effects

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives

High-speed Maglev transportation system is an advanced technology using magnetic forces to propel, levitate, and guide the trian. Our study was to assess the EMF emitted by High-Speed Maglev Transportation System and the possible health effects of occupational exposure to the Maglev EMF.

Methods

The static magnetic field of Maglev were measured by Narda ETM-1 magnetic field measurement system. The time-varying EMFs of Maglev were evaluated by PMM8053 EMF measurement system. 48 employees exposed to maglev EMF were selected as occupationally exposed group while 54 employees without any Maglev EMF exposure were selected as control. Questionnaires were sent to two groups. Complete blood count was done by haematology analyzer. Blood lipid level was detected by enzymatic method. Thyroid function related hormones was evaluated by chemical immune assay. Serum melatonin level was measured by an ELISA kit.

Results

EMF strength of all Maglev sites was lower than the safety exposure limits of current international and Chinese national standard. The symptoms of drowsiness, memory impairment, irritability, alopecia were related to occupational exposure to maglev EMF. Abnormal rate of cholesterol and high density lipid protein in exposed group were significantly higher than control. The blood cell counts, thyroid function, and serum melatonin level had no statistical difference between two groups.

Conclusions

EMF emitted by the High-speed Maglev transportation system in different frequencies were lower than the exposure limits of current international and Chinese national standard. Due to the population limits, we can not draw a conclusion that occupational exposure to Maglev EMF may have adverse health effects from the previous data. However, it may gives us a clue that occupational exposure to maglev EMF may result in the alteration of neuronal function and lipid metabolism.
Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2–mediated angiogenesis is essential for gonadotropin-dependent follicle development

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Gonadotropins induce ovarian follicle growth that is coincident with increased follicular vasculature, suggesting a role of angiogenesis in follicle development. Functional studies performed in nonhuman primates show that administration of substances that inactivate VEGF block the development and function of preovulatory follicles as demonstrated by histological analysis or hormone measurements. Blockage of function of VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR-2) alters follicular hormone secretion, suggesting that the intraovarian effect of VEGF might be mediated by this receptor. The specific mechanism by which follicular development was blocked in these previous studies remains unclear, however. Here we characterize the intraovarian role of VEGFR-2 activity on follicular development by choosing a model in which active feedback is absent, the prepuberally hypophysectomized mouse. Hypophysectomy prevents advanced follicle growth and maturation; however, follicle development to the preovulatory stage can be stimulated by administration of gonadotropins. We report that exogenously administered gonadotropins are unable to drive follicle development to the preovulatory stage in the presence of antiangiogenic agent, VEGFR-2–neutralizing Ab's. This inhibition of follicular development is caused by arrests to both angiogenesis and antrum formation. We conclude that the intraovarian VEGF/VEGFR-2 pathway is critical for gonadotropin-dependent angiogenesis and follicular development.
The 1691 G → A Mutation in the Factor V Gene: Relationship to Activated Protein C (APC) Resistance and Thrombosis in 65 Patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Summary Four hundred fifty subjects were screened for the 1691 G → A mutation in the factor V gene. Two hundred ninety-seven patients were referred to us for unexplained thrombosis, 133 were family members of these patients and 20 were normal subjects. We studied the relationships between the mutation, resistance to APC and thrombosis. Among the 450 subjects tested, 65 belonging to 42 families were found to have the 1691 G → A mutation in one (n = 61) or both alleles (n = 4). The prevalence of the mutation in the thrombotic patients was 13%. Resistance to APC was tested for in 247 subjects not on anticoagulant treatment (4 homozygous and 44 heterozygous for the mutation, and 199 individuals without the mutation). Incomplete cosegregation of heterozygosity for the 1691 G → A mutation with APC resistance (APC-SR <2.4 or n-APC-SR <0.75) was observed, showing that the functional assay alone is insufficient for a firm diagnosis. In patients carrying the mutation, elevated levels of prothrombin fragment 1+2 and D-dimers pointed to increased thrombin generation in vivo. Clinical manifestations in the heterozygous subjects were very similar to those reported in heterozygous PC or PS deficiencies, but the first thrombotic event occurred later than in PC- or PS-deficient patients. Homozygosity for the factor V gene mutation appears to be a far more benign thrombotic disorder than homozygous PC and PS deficiencies.
Error Correction for Discrete Tomography

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Discrete tomography focuses on the reconstruction of functions $f: A \to \mathbb{R}$ from their line sums in a finite number $d$ of directions, where $A$ is a finite subset of $\mathbb{Z}^2$. Consequently, the techniques of discrete tomography often find application in areas where only a small number of projections are available. In 1978 M.B. Katz gave a necessary and sufficient condition for the uniqueness of the solution. Since then, several reconstruction methods have been introduced. Recently Pagani and Tijdeman developed a fast method to reconstruct $f$ if it is uniquely determined. Subsequently Ceko, Pagani and Tijdeman extended the method to the reconstruction of a function with the same line sums of $f$ in the general case. Up to here we assumed that the line sums are exact. In this paper we investigate the case where a small number of line sums are incorrect as may happen when discrete tomography is applied for data storage or transmission. We show how less than $d/2$ errors can be corrected and that this bound is the best possible.
Characterization of cancer‐associated fibroblasts and their spatial architecture reveals heterogeneity and survival associations in classic Hodgkin lymphoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are a heterogeneous population of stromal cells, which modulate the immune system and can have both pro‐ and anti‐tumorigenic effects. In classic Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL), the role of CAFs has remained largely undefined. We applied multiplexed immunofluorescence imaging and spatial analysis on tumor samples from two independent cHL patient cohorts ( n = 131 and n = 148) to study CAFs and their interactions with Hodgkin Reed–Sternberg (HRS) and tumor microenvironment (TME) cells at the single‐cell resolution. We show that higher proportions of CAFs are associated with favorable outcomes, independent of the clinical covariables. In contrast, a subset of CD45 + immune cells with strong fibroblast‐activation protein positivity, classified as macrophages, was less abundant in nodular sclerosis subtype and associated with worse outcomes. Neighborhood analysis allowed for the identification of colocalization or regional exclusion of phenotypically defined cell types and recurrent cellular neighborhoods. Despite the positive impact of CAF proportions on survival, patients with enrichment of platelet‐derived growth factor receptor beta (PDGFRB)‐positive CAFs in the vicinity of HRS cells had worse survival in both cohorts, independent of the clinical determinants. Our findings distinguish various subsets of CAFs and macrophages impacting survival in cHL and underscore the importance of the spatial arrangements in the TME.
Cell cycle regulation and RNA polymerase II

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The cell cycle and transcription by RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) are closely related. They utilize shared components. RNAP II transcriptional activity is modulated during the cell cycle. Cell cycle dependent changes in the phosphorylation status of the carboxyl-terminal domain (CTD) of the largest subunit of RNAP II (RNAP II-LS) alter transcription. Several CTD kinases are members of the cyclin-dependent kinase (cdk) superfamily, including p34cdc2 (cdk1), cdk7, cdk8, and cdk9. Each of these cdks, with their respective cyclin partners, have been linked to cell cycle regulatory events. Other CTD kinases such as casein kinase II (CKII) and c-abl have also been implicated in cell cycle dependent modifications of the CTD. In addition, the stalling of RNAP II complexes at DNA lesions helps stimulate p53 accumulation which largely determines the cell's DNA damage response, including cell cycle arrest. Alzheimer's disease pathology results partially from activation of mitotic cdks in postmitotic neurons which can phosphorylate RNAP II-LS and other targets.
Characterisation of chiari-like malformation and secondary syringomyelia in selected toy dog breeds using magnetic resonance imaging

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Chiari-like Malformation (CM) and secondary Syringomyelia (SM) is a complex, debilitating abnormality which compromises the normal cerebrospinal fluid movement of the central nervous system culminating in the development of fluid-containing cavities within the spinal cord and associated with behavioural signs of pain and neurological deficits. The prevalence of asymptomatic CM dogs suggest that cerebellar indentation and impaction may be normal anatomical variations and unsuitable as a definition of CM. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) remains the definitive means of diagnosing CM/SM and a morphometric technique of quantifying CM and SM on mid-sagittal MRI has been successfully applied and validated in previous studies to a cohort of Griffon Bruxellois (GB) dogs with and without CM and a mixed breed GB family crossed with a mesaticephalic breed (Australian Terrier). Using a refined technique which took account of recent research findings, morphometries using a triangulation of circles, lines and angles were used to ‘map’ MRIs of the whole brain and cervical region in order to quantify the severity of the CM and SM phenotype in the Cavalier King Charles (CKCS). A further morphometric analysis was undertaken to explore brachycephaly and miniaturization as risk factors for CM and SM by comparing their impact in the CKCS, Affenpinscher and Chihuahua breeds. The collective framework of lines and angles generated a unique ‘signature’ for the dog, characterised by “concertina” type flexures demonstrating the combined nature of segregated traits towards the severity in the phenotype. Compared to controls, CKCS with CM pain are characterised by increased brachycephaly and airorhynchy, while significant traits for SM in the three dog breeds included those reported for the GB, suggesting a common aetiology. The characterisation of the CM phenotype provides the possibility of a diagnostic tool for veterinarians and means to assist breeders with mate selection to reduce symptomatic prevalence of CM/SM.
An NLP-binding site in the 3' flanking region of the nitrate reductase gene confers nitrate-inducible expression inArabidopsis thaliana(L.) Heynh.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract As a signaling molecule, nitrate induces the expression of multiple genes involved in nitrate assimilation in plants. We previously showed that the expression of the Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. nitrite reductase gene (NIR1) was activated by nitrate signaling through an interaction between NODULE INCEPETION-like protein (NLP) transcription factors (NLP1-9) and a nitrate-responsive cis-element (NRE) in the NIR1 promoter. By in vitro binding assays, we have also demonstrated the binding of NLP6 to an NRE-like sequence, designated NIA1-NRE1, in the 3' flanking region of an A. thaliana nitrate reductase gene, NIA1. In our current study, we characterize the role of NIA1-NRE1 in NIA1 expression. Deletion analysis of the 3' flanking region of NIA1 revealed that a 345-bp sequence containing NIA1-NRE1 has a dominant role in nitrate-inducible NIA1 expression. We also found that the 35S minimal promoter fused to the 345-bp sequence, or to NIA1-NRE1, can confer nitrate-inducible expression. Furthermore, the NIA1-NRE1-fused 35S minimal promoter is transactivated by NLP6 in vivo. These results suggest that NIA1-NRE1 alone is sufficient to direct nitrate-responsive gene expression and that nitrate-inducible NIA1 expression is regulated through the interaction between NLPs and NIA1-NRE1. Additionally, we show that the distance between the NRE and the gene under the control of the NRE is not critical for this process.
Average path length for Sierpinski pentagon

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In this paper,we investigate diameter and average path length(APL) of Sierpinski pentagon based on its recursive construction and self-similar structure.We find that the diameter of Sierpinski pentagon is just the shortest path lengths between two nodes of generation 0. Deriving and solving the linear homogenous recurrence relation the diameter satisfies, we obtain rigorous solution for the diameter. We also obtain approximate solution for APL of Sierpinski pentagon, both diameter and APL grow approximately as a power-law function of network order $N(t)$, with the exponent equals $\frac{\ln(1+\sqrt{3})}{\ln(5)}$. Although the solution for APL is approximate,it is trusted because we have calculated all items of APL accurately except for the compensation($Δ_{t}$) of total distances between non-adjacent branches($Λ_t^{1,3}$), which is obtained approximately by least-squares curve fitting. The compensation($Δ_{t}$) is only a small part of total distances between non-adjacent branches($Λ_t^{1,3}$) and has little effect on APL. Further more,using the data obtained by iteration to test the fitting results, we find the relative error for $Δ_{t}$ is less than $10^{-7}$, hence the approximate solution for average path length is almost accurate.
Etch Effects from Oblique-Incidence Ion Bombardment

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

It has been found that metallic surfaces of Cu, Au, Al, W, Ta, Mo, and Ni when bombarded with 500-v Hg+ ions at angles of incidence other than zero, exhibit a definite surface structure or pattern. This pattern consists of hillocks or spires oriented parallel to the direction of the incoming ion beam. In Cu and Ni, steps oriented perpendicularly to the ion beam were also found. This surface pattern provides visual evidence that the sputtering process at low ion energies is a momentum transfer process. Since redeposition of sputtered atoms on the hillocks and steps could be quite large, angle of incidence yield measurements could be in error unless they are made before formation of the hillocks.
Is Japanese economic growth possible under a decrease in population? : Policy implication of dynamic spatial CGE model with endogenous growth mechanism

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper tried to measure influences of population decline in matured economy like Japan with consideration of mutual relations of technological progress and population growth. The spatial dynamic computable general equilibrium model (SD-CGE model) was used to concretely show the future situation of economy. The simulation results demonstrated that (i)technological progress caused by knowledge capital stocks is critical for keeping the GDP level as the present situation in Japan where population is decreasing, (ii) in urban area, such as Kanto region, GDP can continue to increase, because inflow of fund and labor force occurs, but other regions face serious decline in GDP, (iii) Japan cannot achieve 600 trillion yen ( 5.5 trillion dollars) of GDP in the future under population decline, which is the policy target of Japan, even if the past invested capital stocks in our society was taken into accounts, (iv) furthermore, the more serious problem will happen after the 2030's, and GDP turns into decrease due to a decrease in knowledge capital stocks. To avoid such decrease in GDP, the government should keep demand for manufacturing products by enhancing children support program for an increase in birth rate of young generations.
Design investigation and implementation of a decentralized online social network for enterprises

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The rise of popular online social networks (OSNs) has been at the cost of their users' privacy, because of their centralized storage and ownership of data. This report presents the design and implementation of PriSM, a business-oriented social network framework, designed to eliminate these privacy issues and problems faced by other traditional decentralized OSNs. This framework was designed from scratch and implemented keeping in mind the heirarchy and privacy requirements from an organizational perspective. A model-view-presenter design pattern was used to develop the client-side user interfaces, and the server side functionalities were implemented as Java programs using various libraries and SDKs. RESTful services were developed to accomplish inter-domain communications. Integrating these components together, a fully functional prototype of PriSM was implemented in this project. Future work can involve adding more features to the framework, improve its extensibility and test its performance for scalibility.
Antecedents of Trust and Its Impact on Online Social Shopping Purchase Intention Based on Social Exchange Theory

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This study attempts to investigate the antecedent factors of trust and its impact on online social shopping purchase intention among Generation Z in Malaysia. This study also seeks to explore the mediator role played by trust in online social shopping purchase intention. The data was collected through an online questionnaire and was analysed using Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modelling technique and SEMinR statistics software package. Other than eWoM, the findings indicate that both social presence and logistics service quality have a significant impact on consumers’ trust, which leads to online social shopping purchase intention. The findings also reveal that logistics service quality has a greater impact on trust than social presence. Meanwhile, in the presence of trust, both social presence and logistics service quality have an indirect effect on online social shopping purchase intention. Since eWoM is found to have no significant impact on trust, thus, trust does not mediate the relationship between eWoM and online social shopping purchase intention. The findings of this study provide an alternative view on factors influencing trust building among Malaysian Generation Z consumers., as well as the mediator role played by trust. The study does not only extend our understanding of these factors but also contribute to the body of knowledge in this area. Practitioners and marketers may benefit from these findings by developing a social shopping system that is coupled with an effective marketing strategy to build trust among their consumers.