jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Editing to Connected F-Degree Graph

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In the Edge Editing to Connected $f$-Degree Graph problem we are given a graph $G$, an integer $k$, and a function $f$ assigning integers to vertices of $G$. The task is to decide whether there is a connected graph $F$ on the same vertex set as $G$, such that for every vertex $v$, its degree in $F$ is $f(v)$, and the number of edges in $E(G)\triangle E(F)$, the symmetric difference of $E(G)$ and $E(F)$, is at most $k$. We show that Edge Editing to Connected $f$-Degree Graph is fixed-parameter tractable (FPT) by providing an algorithm solving the problem on an $n$-vertex graph in time $2^{\mathcal O(k)}n^{\mathcal O(1)}$. We complement this result by showing that the weighted version of the problem with costs $1$ and $0$ is W[1]-hard when parameterized by $k$ and the maximum value of $f$ even when the input graph is a tree. Our FPT algorithm is based on a nontrivial combination of color-coding and fast computations of representative families over the direct sum matroid of $\ell$-elongation of the co-graphic matroid associated with $G$ and a uniform matroid over the set of nonedges of $G$. We believe that this combination could be useful in designing parameterized algorithms for other edge editing and connectivity problems.
Attempts to Establish a Risk by Analogy

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

In this paper, we argue that risk in a new situation can be calculated by comparison with the most closely analogous previous situation that we can find. In many cases, such as automobile accidents, we argue that this year is analogous to preceding years. With toxic chemicals the analogy is less direct—we compare with other toxic chemicals or with chemicals shown to be toxic in other species. Because the unreliability or uncertainty of the analogy can be high, it is necessary to use less sensitive, but more reliable, methods of estimating risk to prevent continued use of a hazardous material, and subsequent tragedy if the hazard should turn out to be unexpectedly large. This suggests more robust techniques to reduce the regret, or societal cost of being wrong, because increased sensitivity is sometimes attained at the expense of sampling error.
Popular Culture in the Classroom: Teaching and Researching Critical Media Literacy

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Contents: Foreword. Teaching Critical Media Literacy Using Popular Culture Texts. Approaches to Teaching Using Popular Culture and the Politics of Pleasure. Engaging Primary Grade Students in Critical Media Literacy: Jennifer's Lesson. Engaging Upper Elementary Students in Critical Media Literacy: Margaret's Lesson. Engaging Middle School Students in Critical Media Literacy: Donna's Lesson. Identities, Positioning, and Critical Media Literacy. Where we Are and Where we Need to go in Theory and Research.
Molecular mechanisms in IL-1β-mediated decorin production by decidual cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Decorin, a small leucine-rich proteoglycan produced by decidual cells restrains trophoblast differentiation, migration and invasiveness of extra-villous trophoblast cells. Decidual overproduction of decorin is associated with preeclampsia, and elevated decorin levels in maternal plasma are a predictive biomarker of preeclampsia. Furthermore, decorin plays an autocrine role in maturation of human endometrial stromal cells into decidual cells. Thus, a balanced decorin production by the decidua is critical for healthy pregnancy. However, the molecular mechanisms regulating decorin production by the decidua are unclear. Interleukin-1 beta is an inflammation-associated multi-functional cytokine, and is reported to induce decidualization in primates. Hence, the present study was designed: (i) to test if exogenous Interleukin-1 beta stimulated decorin production by human endometrial stromal cells; and if so, (ii) to identify the cellular source of Interleukin-1 beta in first trimester decidual tissue; (iii) to identify the downstream molecular partners in Interleukin-1 beta mediated decorin production by human endometrial stromal cells. Results revealed that (i) amongst multiple pro-inflammatory cytokines tested, Interleukin-1 beta alone stimulated decorin production by these cells; (ii) both macrophages and decidual cells in first trimester decidua produced Interleukin-1 beta; (iii) Interleukin-1 beta mediated decorin production was dependent on Interleukin-1 receptor activation, followed by activation and nuclear translocation of nuclear factor kappa B and its binding to the decorin promoter. These results reveal that Interleukin-1 beta plays a novel role in inducing decorin production by human endometrial stromal cells by activating nuclear factor kappa B.
1693 – A Pilot Project Of Cinemeducation For Medical Students: Focus On Psychiatry, Stigma, And Empathy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction Stigma on psychiatric patients is frequent not only among common people but also in healthcare professionals. Cinema might be useful tool for medical educational purposes and might help reduce negative attitudes towards mental illness. Objectives In the first place, to develop a pilot project of cinemeducation aimed at enhancing awareness and thinking over about psychiatry and stigma in medical students; secondly, to investigate students’ stigmatizing attitudes, empathy, personality and self-esteem and the impact of the cinemeducation intervention on some of these variables. Methods From October 2012 to January 2013, students will attend six cinemeducation lectures focused on helping relationships. Sociodemographic data will be collected at baseline only, and so will the Temperament and Character Inventory. In order to investigate attitudes towards psychiatry, self-esteem, alexithtymia and empathy, students will be asked to fill in some self-administered scales, both at baseline and at the end of the six lectures. These scales will include: Attitudes Towards Psychiatry Scale, Social Distance Scale, Dangerousness Scale, Mental Illness: Clinicians’ Attitudes Scale, Interpersonal Reactivity Index, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Toronto Alexithymia Scale. Results/conclusions The correlation among the variables assessed will be investigated in order to understand whether certain personality traits, self-esteem and empathic attitude influence students’ beliefs about psychiatry. The impact of the cinemeducation lectures on stigmatizing attitudes will be investigated as well.
The C Proteins of Human Parainfluenza Virus Type 1 (HPIV1) Control the Transcription of a Broad Array of Cellular Genes That Would Otherwise Respond to HPIV1 Infection

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Human parainfluenza virus type 1 (HPIV1) is an important respiratory pathogen in children and the most common cause of viral croup. We performed a microarray-based analysis of gene expression kinetics to examine how wild-type (wt) HPIV1 infection altered gene expression in human respiratory epithelial cells and what role beta interferon played in this response. We similarly evaluated HPIV1-P(C−), a highly attenuated and apoptosis-inducing virus that does not express any of the four C proteins, and HPIV1-C F170S , a less attenuated mutant that contains a single point mutation in C and, like wt HPIV1, does not efficiently induce apoptosis, to examine the role of the C proteins in controlling host gene expression. We also used these data to investigate whether the phenotypic differences between the two C mutants could be explained at the transcriptional level. Mutation or deletion of the C proteins of HPIV1 permitted the activation of over 2,000 cellular genes that otherwise would be repressed by HPIV1 infection. Thus, the C proteins profoundly suppress the response of human respiratory cells to HPIV1 infection. Cellular pathways targeted by the HPIV1 C proteins were identified and their transcriptional control was analyzed using bioinformatics. Transcription factor binding sites for IRF and NF-κB were overrepresented in some of the C protein-targeted pathways, but other pathways were dominated by less-known factors, such as forkhead transcription factor FOXD1. Surprisingly, the host responses to the P(C−) and C F170S mutants were very similar, and only subtle differences in the expression kinetics of caspase 3 and TRAIL receptor 2 were observed. Thus, changes in host cell transcription did not reflect the striking phenotypic differences observed between these two viruses.
Quark nugget dark matter: Comparison with radio observations of nearby galaxies

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

It has been recently claimed that radio observations of nearby spiral galaxies essentially rule out a dark matter source for the galactic haze. Here we consider the low energy thermal emission from a quark nugget dark matter model in the context of microwave emission from the galactic centre and radio observations of nearby Milky Way like galaxies. We demonstrate that observed emission levels do not strongly constrain this specific dark matter candidate across a broad range of the allowed parameter space in drastic contrast with conventional dark matter models based on the WIMP paradigm.
Coordinative Optimization Operation on the Gas-Electricity Integrated Energy Systems

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Integrated energy system (IES) can improve energy efficiency and optimize energy structure. Due to the similarity and coupling between electric power system and gas network, Gas-electricity integrated energy systems (GEIES) has always been the key research direction of integrated energy system. The optimization of electric power system and gas network is usually independent, the benefits of coordinative optimization are unclear. In this paper, an GEIES model is presented, which is optimized with the goal of maximum revenue under reasonable constraints. The case study shows that the coordinative optimization of GEIES can effectively improve the revenue. Coordinative optimization can increase the earning of electric power system and gas network by about 5% in the model.
Electrophoretic Evaluation of Blood Sera Proteins of Adult Male Chickens

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

SIX protein fractions have been reported to be present in the blood serum of the cock (McCully <it>et al.,</it> 1959; McKinley <it>et al.,</it> 1953; Heim and Schectman, 1954). These fractions were separated by zone electrophoresis on paper using aqueous veronal or borate buffer. The six protein zones were designated in order of decreasing mobility as: albumin, alpha-1-globulin, alpha-2-globulin, alpha-3-globulin, beta globulin and gamma globulin. In addition to these six fractions. Brandt <it>et al.</it> (1951) found a fraction (pre-albumin) moving ahead of albumin in the sera of laying hens. This pre-albumin was apparently absent in the sera of males (Brandt <it>et al.,</it> 1951; Heim and Schectman, 1954). In contrast to these findings, Kristjansson <it>et al.</it> (1963) using vertical starch gel electrophoresis found two protein fractions migrating in front of albumin in the sera of males. A third pre-albumin was only present in the sera of hens in production. The present study . . .
Pesticide regulatory decisions: Production efficiency, equity, and interdependence

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

EPA examines the benefits and risks of an agricultural pesticide's use when deciding whether or not to cancel its registration, but often neglects two effects which could change the decision: (1) the distributional effects on farmers using and not using the pesticide, and (2) the interdependence among regulatory decisions. This article examines the economic implications of banning several corn and soybean pesticides, highlighting these two concerns. Generally, banning one pesticide could have little effect, but banning all pesticides for a pest problem could have substantial effects. However, some pesticide users could suffer significant losses even though the aggregate effects are small.
[EFFECT OF SIMULATED IN VIVO PHYSIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT SEVERED LIMB FOSTERING SYSTEM APPLYING REMOTE ISCHEMIC CONDITIONING PERFUSION ON PRESERVING SEVERED LIMB].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The ischemia/reperfusion-induced injury to skeletal muscle could be considerably inhibited by RIG perfusion. The simulated in vivo physiological environment severed limb fostering system applying RIC perfusion can significantly prolong the severed limb preserving time.
Octavian Augustus at Apollonia and the statement of his astrological sign

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The article discusses a possible link between the astrological sign of the Capricorn, that Octavian Augustus chose as his symbol, and the constellation in which the sun was at the beginning of the calendar of Julius Caesar, that is the First January of 45 BC. Augustus may have chosen this constellation as the symbol of the birth of a new age, which Caesar, his adoptive father, had established with the reform of the calendar. The astrological sign was assigned to Octavian when he was in Apollonia, in the same year of the reform, 45 BC. The “magnus gubernator” of the world was born. Under the sign of Capricorn, Octavian Augustus ruled the empire.
Descriptive accounts of thermodynamic and colloidal models of asphaltene flocculation

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

At the present the oil industry, basically, is combating the problem of asphaltene deposition through remedial rather than preventive techniques. Mechanical and chemical cleaning methods are being improvised to maintain production, transportation, and processing of petroleum at economical levels. There are a number of recent reports that indicate so. The research community, currently, is rather unfamiliar with the reasons and extent of the asphaltene deposition problem. This paper reviews the experiences of the oil industry with asphaltene precipitation and presents justifications and a descriptive account for the development of two different models for asphaltene flocculation. In one of the models the authors consider the asphaltenes to be dissolved in the oil in a true liquid state and dwell upon statistical thermodynamic techniques of multicomponent mixtures to predict their phase behavior. In the other model, they consider asphaltenes to exist in oil in a colloidal state, as minute suspended particles, and utilize colloidal science techniques to predict their colloidal behavior. Experimental work over the last 40 years suggests that asphaltenes possess a wide molecular weight distribution and they exist in both colloidal and dissolved states in the crude oil. Further pursue of the subject in this direction by both the industrialmore » and research communities is warranted.« less
Quality improvement of post-harvest red rice through grain germination

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Red rice is generally consumed without the polishing process, but only milled into brown rice. The results of rice milling are only wasted and used as animal feed, even though there are many nutrients inside that exceed the rice itself. With grain germination technology, it is expected that the nutrients in the husk can be absorbed into the red rice and improving its quality. This research was conducted to determine the effect of temperature and humidity on the immersion and germination of red rice grain and the best treatment to produce germinated red rice. The method of this research was carried out by soaking the grain in the water and then proceed with germination with varied temperature and humidity. The duration of grain soaking was 48 hours then incubated in a gunny sack with 20 °C, 30 °C, and uncontrolled temperature and humidity of 70%, 80%, 90%, and uncontrolled humidity until the grain germinates along 1 cm sprout. The research observed the effect of temperature and humidity on the length of germination. In addition, differences in the quality of rice produced were also observed by comparing the results and the quality standard requirements of rice produced. The results show that, as temperature and humidity increased, the germination time will be shorter. The fastest germination was resulted from a temperature treatment of 30 °C with 90% humidity and the control or without temperature and humidity treatment. Germination with 30°C temperature and 90% humidity, is the best treatment.
Nitrogen prediction in grasses: effect of bandwidth and plant material state on absorption feature selection

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

We analysed stability and predictive capabilities of known nitrogen absorption features between plant material prepared for NIRS (dried) and RS (fresh) studies. Grass spectra were taken of the plant canopy, and again after the grass sample was dried and ground. Models were derived using stepwise multiple linear regression (sMLR). Regression values (adj.r2) produced using the dried material were greater than those produced using canopy material. For dried material only wavebands from the SWIR region were selected. Wavebands selected by sMLR on canopy material were located in both the VNIR and SWIR regions. Using wavebands selected for dried material models produced low adj.r2 values when applied to canopy plant material; differences in adj.r2 values are smaller when wavebands selected in canopy material models are applied to dried material. Widening of nitrogen features produced higher adj.r2 values for both dried and canopy material. This work shows that obtaining models with high predictive capabilities for nitrogen concentration is possible, but waveband selection should not be limited to features identified by NIRS studies. To accommodate for variability in absorption features, and instrument errors, absorption features should be widened.
Do Coup Leaders Matter?: Leadership Change and Economic Growth in Politically Unstable Countries

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

We examine the impact of leadership change after a coup d'etat on economic growth. We consider successful coup attempts as our treatment group and use failed coup attempts as controls to condition on political instability. To take account of selection bias, we control for the determinants of coup success. Our main finding is that leadership changes after a coup d'état have a positive effect on economic growth in the least developed countries, but have a negative effect in other developing countries.
Resistance to the use of video in individual psychotherapy training

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Given some of the unique advantages that videotechnology can afford psychotherapy educators, it is unfortunate that this medium is not more widely used for the training of residents in individual psychodynamic psychotherapy. The author examines some of the major forces that prevent greater acceptance of video by psychotherapy supervisors. Video is presented as a useful addition to more established teaching methods rather than as competitive with them.
Fermentation Quality of Alfalfa and ltalian Ryegrass Silages Treated with Previously Fermented Juices Prepared from Both the Herbages

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Two hundred grams of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) were macerated with 1l of water using a blender and filtered through cheese cloth. The filtrate was kept anaerobically for 2d with or without 2% sucrose (previously fermented juice; PFJ). Alfalfa PFJ with sucrose and Italian ryegrass PFJ without sucrose were used as silage additives. Both of them were added to alfalfa and Italian ryegrass prior to ensile at 2.5ml/kg as to inoculate 106/g of lactic acid bacteria (LAB). Alfalfa used at the present study was not necessary to add PFJ for enhancing the silage fermentation. But the fermentation quality of Italian ryegrass silage was improved by the addition of alfalfa or Italian ryegrass PFJ and Italian ryegrass PFJ was a little more effective than alfalfa PFJ, suggesting that PFJ from other plant is available but that from the same plant to be ensiled is more effective as silage additive.
Metabolic characteristics of women diagnosed with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) according to the Rotterdam criteria - our own experience.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The metabolic characteristics of women diagnosed with the PCOS according to the Rotterdam criteria can be variant. PCOS is not necessarily connected with insulin resistance and obesity. Diagnosis of PCOS does not determine metabolic state of the individual so it should be postulated that every diagnosis of PCOS should by specified by information about the phenotype. Only precise information about the phenotype allows assessing the metabolic and cardiovascular risk and introducing optimal treatment.
Scoliosis management in Duchenne muscular dystrophy: prospective study of modified Jewett hyperextension brace.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The management of scoliosis in Duchenne muscular dystrophy is not standardized. Some centers offer no treatment, some provide customized body jackets or wheelchair inserts, and others recommend early surgical spinal fusion. Spinal orthoses are frequently prescribed at significant cost and inconvenience to the patient, with little evidence as to effectiveness in preventing scoliosis. This paper reports the preliminary findings of 22 patients involved in a study assessing the usefulness of a modified Jewett hyperextension brace. Seven brace wearers and 15 controls were entered into the study. The preliminary results indicate a mean curvature of 23.6 degrees (+/- 12.8 degrees) in the experimental group and 35.7 degrees (+/- 24.8 degrees) in the controls. Over an observation period ranging from two to seven years, the wearers have shown an average curve progression of 8.8 degrees/yr while the control group progressed at 11.2 degrees/yr. This difference is not considered statistically significant. We conclude that wearing the brace minimally slows scoliosis progression, but does not ultimately prevent a significant curve.
Sequences and Series

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We now have sufficient knowledge of a programming language to allow us to begin to explore the application of the computer to some simple mathematical ideas. An important aspect of computing is the ability to perform repeated operations and the Pascal language allows us the facility to do this either a predetermined number of times or until a condition is satisfied. An area of mathematics in which one can apply this is to problems concerning sequences and series. Sequences consist of sets of numbers, each of which is generated from previous values in the sequence according to some rule. Hence, by repeated application of the rule we can generate the sequence of numbers from any starting value. In the case of series, we are usually interested in their sum which can be achieved by the repeated operation of adding the next term in the series to the current value of the sum. Thus, in computation terms, both concepts can be handled using the looping structures discussed in the previous chapter. Here we will describe and illustrate some of the problems in handling sequences and series on a computer. For example, from a mathematical viewpoint we are often interested in the convergence of the sequence or the sum to a finite limit. We therefore need to consider the problem of deciding when we have gone sufficiently far in our calculations to have achieved a suitable approximation to the limit.