jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Physiologic lead placement with electroanatomic mapping: A case series

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Introduction His bundle pacing (HBP) and left bundle branch area pacing (LBBAP) have emerged as attractive alternatives to traditional biventricular pacing to achieve cardiac resynchronization therapy. Early reported results have been inconsistent, particularly amongst patients in whom initial placement with traditional approaches has been unsuccessful or those with complex anatomy or congenital abnormalities. In this report, we describe the use of three‐dimensional electroanatomic mapping (EAM) in five selected cases. Methods Five patients from multiple clinical sites underwent EAM‐guided HBP or LBBAP by highly trained electrophysiologists with significant experience with conduction system pacing. Each patient in this series underwent EAM‐guided conduction system pacing due to complex anatomy and/or prior failed lead implantation. Results EAM‐guided lead implantation was successful in all five cases. Capture thresholds were relatively low and patients continued to have evidence of successful lead implantation with minimum 1‐month follow‐up. The fluoroscopy time varied, likely owing to the variable complexity of the cases. Conclusions The use of EAM, in combination with traditional intracardiac electrograms with or without fluoroscopy, allows more targeted and precise placement of leads for HBP and LBBAP pacing. Further investigation is needed to determine this strategy's long‐term performance and to optimize patient selection.
SP-SVM: Large Margin Classifier for Data on Multiple Manifolds

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

As one of the most important state-of-the-art classification techniques, Support Vector Machine (SVM) has been widely adopted in many real-world applications, such as object detection, face recognition, text categorization, etc., due to its competitive practical performance and elegant theoretical interpretation. However, it treats all samples independently, and ignores the fact that, in many real situations especially when data are in high dimensional space, samples typically lie on low dimensional manifolds of the feature space and thus a sample can be related to its neighbors by being represented as a linear combination of other samples on the same manifold. This linear representation, which is usually sparse, reflects the structure of underlying manifolds. It has been extensively explored in the recent literature and proven to be critical for the performance of classification. To benefit from both the underlying low dimensional manifold structure and the large margin classifier, this paper proposes a novel method called Sparsity Preserving Support Vector Machine(SP-SVM), which explicitly considers the sparse representation of samples while maximizing the margin between different classes. Consequently, SP-SVM inherits both the discriminative power of support vector machine and the merits of sparsity. A set of experiments on real-world benchmark data sets show that SP-SVM achieves significantly higher precision on recognition task than various competitive baselines including the traditional SVM, the sparse representation based method and the classical nearest neighbor classifier.
Greenhouse gas emissions from agricultural soil amended with kitchen compost of varying ages

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Although the use of kitchen waste compost is very common, GHG emissions from soil amended with kitchen waste compost have not been studied. This study aimed to determine the effects of kitchen compost age and application rates on GHG emissions to identify optimal compost management. Soil samples mixed with kitchen waste compost at three different ages: 1 month (1M), 2 months (2M), and 3 months (3M) at two application rates (1% and 2% w/w) were incubated at 25°C for 28 days under aerobic conditions. Emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O), carbon dioxide (CO2), and methane (CH4) were determined on days 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28. Results showed that N2O and CO2 emissions decreased with compost age (p < 0.05). Increased application rates of compost led to increased CO2 emissions and suppression of N2O emissions. Furthermore, CH4 was emitted from soil amended with kitchen compost even under aerobic conditions. This study suggests that 3M kitchen waste compost is optimal in terms of GHG emissions upon application to soil under aerobic conditions.
Dueling Banjos: Harmony and Discord between ADHD and Entrepreneurship

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The past half century has witnessed a steady and diverse flow of scholarly research to understand the role individual differences play in determining entrepreneurial pursuits and new venture outcomes. Quite recently, the search for micro-level drivers has led scholars to investigate the role of diagnosable conditions such as Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). The potential influence of ADHD looms large in the field of entrepreneurship as a spate of recent studies reveals the extent to which the condition is associated with creativity, entrepreneurial orientation and new venture initiation. While offering significant progress in de-stigmatizing aberrant conditions, extant scholarship has left unanswered questions regarding when and how ADHD exerts positive or negative influence on entrepreneurial action, execution risk, management acumen, operational excellence and new venture outcomes. Accepting that ADHD should be neither stigmatized nor romanticized in the context of entrepreneurship, we develop a framework offering a more integrated and veridical assessment of ADHD across the complete lifecycle of business venturing. Research propositions and opportunities for future lines of inquiry are elaborated.
Improved Glycemic Control in Intensively Treated Type 1 Diabetic Patients Using Blood Glucose Meters With Storage Capability and Computer-Assisted Analyses

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

OBJECTIVE To determine the effect on glycemic control in intensively treated type 1 diabetic patients using a blood glucose meter with storage capability and computer-assisted analyses. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Glycemic control was assessed in 22 intensively treated adults with type 1 diabetes for 12 months while using a meter without memory, followed by 12 months while using a meter with memory. Log books were used to assist patients in managing aspects of the diabetes treatment plan during the first 12-month period, and computer-assisted analyses were used when the meter with memory was used. GHb levels were measured monthly throughout the 24 months of observation. RESULTS The mean GHb level averaged across all patients during the period of memory meter use (6.4%) was significantly lower than that during the period of meter use without memory (6.9%) (P = 0.0004). The change in GHb levels from each period-specific baseline level occurred at significantly different slopes (P = 0.046) when adjusted for baseline GHb level. In addition, the downward trend in GHb level was greater in those patients who increased the frequency of testing the most (r = −0.54, P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Use of a meter with memory in conjunction with computer-generated analyses of stored blood glucose test results can lead to improved glycemic control when used by a group of intensively treated adult diabetic patients. Improvement in glycemic control was related to frequency of blood glucose testing.
The activPAL™ and Actigraph activity monitors show a low level of agreement in measuring sedentary behaviour in people with Parkinson’s disease: a 7-day validation study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background \nPeople with Parkinson’s disease (pwPD) have high levels of sedentary behaviours (SB) which are associated with adverse health-outcomes. Validated instruments are required to objectively quantify SB, establish dose-response relationships and SB intervention strategies. \nAims \nTo investigate the concurrent validity of the activPAL™ and ActiGraph activity-monitors in pwPD during 7-days of free-living. \nMethods \n9 pwPD completed a 7-day period of free-living while concurrently wearing the activPAL™ and ActiGraph activity-monitors and completed a wear-time diary. activPAL™ SB was determined from total sit/ly time per day. ActiGraph SB was calculated using an activity-count cut-points of vertical-axis<100cpm (AG100) and vector-magnitude<200cpm (AG200). Descriptive statistics, correlations and agreement were compared for average SB/day and an individual-day basis. \nResults \nParticipants recorded 13.2 hours/day of wear-time. Average SB/day for the activPAL™ was 519 minutes (SD 72). The AG100 reported 133 minutes (SD 40) greater and AG200 reported 43 minutes (SD 40) greater. Very strong, positive correlations were found between all activPAL™ and ActiGraph comparison (r=0.84-0.93, p<0.01). Bland-Altman plots showed large mean differences (AG100 bias 133 minutes and AG200 bias 43). 95% Limits of agreement were >2.5 hours/day for both AG100 and AG200. \nConclusion \nThe concurrent validity between the ActivPAL™ and ActiGraph is low, characterised by noticeable differences in reported SB/day and large levels of variation of greater than 2.5 hours per day. Results suggest that the activity-monitors are not interchangeable and SB values reported are not directly comparable. Different cut-points show a large influence on the ActiGraph reported SB therefore further investigation is needed for pwPD.
Wallops SuperDARN data in netCDF format (2023-Feb)

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

2023-Feb Wallops SuperDARN radar data in netCDF format. These files were produced using versions 2.5 and 3.0 of the public FitACF algorithm, using the AACGM v2 coordinate system. Cite this dataset if using our data in a publication.The RST is available here: https://github.com/SuperDARN/rstThe research enabled by SuperDARN is due to the efforts of teams of scientists and engineers working in many countries to build and operate radars, process data and provide access, develop and improve data products, and assist users in interpretation. Users of SuperDARN data and data products are asked to acknowledge this support in presentations and publications. A brief statement on how to acknowledge use of SuperDARN data is provided below.Users are also asked to consult with a SuperDARN PI prior to submission of work intended for publication. A listing of radars and PIs with contact information can be found here: (SuperDARN Radar Overview)Recommended form of acknowledgement for the use of SuperDARN data:'The authors acknowledge the use of SuperDARN data. SuperDARN is a collection of radars funded by national scientific funding agencies of Australia, Canada, China, France, Italy, Japan, Norway, South Africa, United Kingdom and the United States of America.'
Academic Hardiness as a Moderator between Evaluative Concerns Perfectionism and Academic Procrastination in Students

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Academic procrastination is a common phenomenon in students that can have a negative impact on effective learning, academic achievement, self-esteem, and quality of life. This study examined the associations among the two dimensions of perfectionism (personal standards perfectionism and evaluative concerns perfectionism), academic hardiness, and academic procrastination, as well as the moderating role of academic hardiness in the relationship between the two dimensions of perfectionism and academic procrastination. Participants of this study included 410 high school students in grades 9 to 12 from six schools in Tehran, Iran who completed the Almost Perfect Scale-Revised, the Academic Hardiness Scale, and the Procrastination Assessment Scale. The results indicated that personal standards perfectionism and academic hardiness had negative relationships with academic procrastination, whereas evaluative concerns perfectionism had a positive relationship with academic procrastination. Interaction-moderation analysis demonstrated that academic hardiness only played a buffering role in the relationship between evaluative concerns perfectionism and academic procrastination. The results of this study elucidate the experience of academic procrastination in students and highlight the role of academic hardiness and personal standards perfectionism. Implications for educators and psychologists are discussed.
An identified case of poliomyelitis: contribution to diagnosis in ancient human remains

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This article describes the skeletal remains of a 20th-century individual diagnosed with poliomyelitis in childhood who suffered from atrophy and muscle weakness as an adult. The study provides a detailed analysis of both the primary effects of polio in the skeleton and the secondary effects across a lifetime, and contributes to the future identification of this pathology in osteoarchaeological assemblages. A skeleton of an 82-year-old male with poliomyelitis, from Tierra de la Reina, León (Spain) was submitted to bone densitometry, morphological, metric, cross-sectional, and palaeopathological analyses. Conventional X-rays and computed tomography scans were also performed. Skeletal alterations were categorized as directly and indirectly related to polio. The latter were probably acquired during life, resulting from mobility problems, malposition, and/or advanced age. Discrepancies in size, primarily related to polio, were observed between the right and left sides of the skeleton, with the left side being smaller and more gracile. However, while the asymmetry of the upper limbs is mainly in robustness, in the lower limbs the differences are in both robustness and length. This paper illustrates the skeletal alterations that may be present with poliomyelitis, demonstrating the complexity of diagnosing this pathology in an individual who lived a long life. In fact, many of the observed alterations can be found in other pathological conditions. Therefore, it is concluded that extreme caution be taken when analysing archaeological skeletal remains that are not as complete and well-preserved as this individual. The present work contributes to the diagnosis of poliomyelitis in human remains and underscores its impact in human history. Destructive methods were not authorized; medical records were no longer available. In the future, 3D reconstruction analysis/micro-computed tomography may add new and valuable information.
Decision Making with Cardiac Troponin Tests

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

After the loss of integrity of cardiac myocyte membranes, intracellular macromolecules (cardiac biologic markers) diffuse into the cardiac interstitium, lymphatics, and microvasculature; eventually, they are detected in the peripheral circulation. The release kinetics of the various cardiac biologic markers depend in part on their location in the myocyte, their molecular weight, and the route by which they are cleared from the circulation. Cardiac-specific troponins are useful not only because they come close to fulfilling many of the criteria for an ideal biologic marker, but also because they convey prognostic information and can help frame therapeutic decisions regarding patients with acute . . .
Parametric Amplification of Space Charge Waves

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The principle of using a variable reactance in a circuit to produce gain can be applied to an electron beam. The beam is strongly modulated by an rf wave at a frequency equal to twice the signal frequency. In such a beam the two normal space charge waves at the signal frequency break into two parts-one grows exponentially with distance and the second is attenuated. Either the "slow" or the "fast" space charge wave can be amplified. When this beam, which has been previously modulated at the double frequency, is coupled to a slow wave circuit, growing waves are found and again the "fast" space charge wave can be amplified. We stress the amplification of the fast wave since the noise theorems which apply to previous microwave amplifiers and establish a lower limit to the noise figure do not apply. Thus, in principle, we should be able to obtain lower values for the noise figure.
14. Discogenic Low Back Pain

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Introduction Discogenic low back pain can be severely disabling, clinically challenging to diagnose, and expensive to treat. Disc degeneration is characterized by disc dehydration, which diminishes the ability of the disc to distribute pressure, making it more susceptible to damage, and leading to annular tears, fissures, and a higher incidence of herniation. Furthermore, the abnormal annular in‐growth of nerves and inflammation of the disc increase the number and sensitivity of nociceptors, leading to chronic discogenic low back pain (CDLBP). The purpose of this article was to review the current literature. Methods In this narrative review, the literature on the diagnosis and treatment of discogenic low back pain was summarized. Results Symptoms and findings during physical examination may guide the diagnostic process but are not specific or sensitive regarding CDLBP. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can rule out other pathology and provides a basis for the decision about whether to perform pressure‐controlled provocative discography, the current diagnostic standard. Conservative care includes pain education programs, structured exercise therapies, psychological interventions, and pharmacological treatment. Various minimally invasive interventional treatment strategies for refractory CDLBP exist, of which biacuplasty or cooled radiofrequency can be used as therapeutic options. Promising new treatments include intradiscal injection of mesenchymal stem cells and platelet‐rich plasma, radiofrequency ablation of the sinuvertebral and basivertebral nerves, dorsal root ganglion stimulation, and spinal cord stimulation. Future research regarding the safety and efficacy of these treatments should include large randomized controlled trials with strict inclusion criteria and longer follow‐up periods. A primary focus should be on increasing the evidence base for diagnosing discogenic low back pain.
Educational reversals and first-birth timing in sub-Saharan Africa: A dynamic multilevel approach

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract In many areas throughout sub-Saharan Africa, young adult cohorts are less educated than their predecessors because of declines in school enrollments during the 1980s and 1990s. Because a woman with little education typically becomes a mother earlier and has more children than one with better education, and because of a similar well-established relationship between current education and current fertility at the societal level, one might expect such education reversals to raise fertility. However, if there is an additional negative effect of low educational level among currently young women compared with that in the past, which would accord with ideas about the impact of relative deprivation, the total effect of an education reversal may run in either direction. This possibility has not been explored in earlier studies, which have taken a more static approach. We focus on the initiation of childbearing. Using Demographic and Health Survey data from 16 sub-Saharan African countries with multiple surveys, we estimate a fixed-effects multilevel model for first births that includes the woman’s own education, community education, and community education relative to the past. There are negative effects of individual and community education, but no effect of relative education. Thus we conclude that education reversals do seem to speed up entry into parenthood.
Nutrition and the postpartum interval of the ewe, sow and cow.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The effects of nutrition on the length of the postpartum interval (PPI, the interval from parturition to the first postpartum estrus that is accompanied by ovulation) were reviewed for the ewe, sow and cow. Unfortunately, information on the effects of nutrition on the PPI of the mare is nonexistent. Absence of estrus following weaning is a problem in postpartum sows, especially during the summer. High feed intake (more than 3 kg daily) immediately after weaning decreases the incidence of anestrus in sows of some breeds, but not in others. The incidence of prolonged intervals between weaning and estrus and the incidence of anestrus is more frequent in primiparous than in multiparous sows. The effect of nutrition on the PPI of the ewe is more controversial than that for the sow. In mature Merino ewes, neither lactation nor undernutrition during lactation affects the duration of the PPI while both factors increase the length of the PPI in coarse-wool breeds. Undernutrition during lactation increases the incidence of anestrus in primiparous fall-lambing Merino ewes. A cow must conceive by 80 days postpartum to have a 365-day calving interval. Excessive length of the PPI in dairy cows does not appear to be one of the major detriments to fertility since most dairy cows have a PPI of considerably less than 80 days. While feeding high protein diets to high-producing dairy cows shortens the PPI; this practice also increases the interval from parturition to conception. Weight changes, both before and after calving, and body condition at calving interact to affect the PPI of suckled beef cows. The length of the PPI in cows that are in good body condition at calving is not affected by either pre- or postpartum weight changes. More cows in moderate and thin body condition showed estrus by 60 days postpartum if the cows had gained weight prior to calving compared with those that lost weight prior to calving. A high percentage of thin cows that lose weight prior to calving does not show estrus following calving unless they gain weight after calving. The length of the PPI is affected by many factors, for example: parity, breed, lactation, environment and endocrine status. Designs of future experiments must be cognizant of these factors and the possible interactions of these factors with the nutritional status of the animal.
Letter: Peter Poteet to Francis Marion Poteet, Aug. 7, 1861

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Encapsulated letter. Imaging has cast glare on document due to plastic. The whole company, including Peter, has been sick, and one soldier has died of the illness. Gen. Magruder has gone to raid Newport News. Peter then reports news of the First Battle of Manassas, with numbers of casualties and lists of items taken. The company has not been paid yet, and he hopes the family will send some food. He sends greetings to various friends and family back home, including a man who Peter owes money to. He thanks Martha for her prayers and says that he prays for them as well, even though there is much “wekeedness” (wickedness) where he is.