jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The distal vas deferens of spontaneously hypertensive rats – a histomorphometric evaluation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: The spontaneously hypertensive rats strain are widely used as a model for investigation of hypertension involving ejaculatory function and its relevant structures. There are no reports of this rats’ vas deferens histomorphometry or their comparison with Wistar Kyoto. Material and Methods: Fourteen male rats (4 months old) were divided into 2 groups: WKY - group composed of Wistar Kyoto rats and SHR- composed of spontaneously hypertensive rats. Mean arterial pressure was measured weekly. At age of 4 months, rats were euthanized. The right vas deferens were collected and processed. The area without adventitial tunica, the muscular tunica area, height of the pseudostratified epithelium with and without the stereocilia, as well as the height of the stereocilia were measured. The unpaired Student T test (parametric data) or the Mann-Whitney test (non-parametric data) were used to compare the results and they were considered significant when p < 0.05. Results: The mean arterial pressure was 59.4% higher in SHR. The area without the tunica adventitia was 15.5% lower in SHR, as well as muscular tunica area. The height of the pseudostratified epithelium with stereocilia was 26.4% lower in SHR, as well as the height of the pseudostratified epithelium without stereocilia in 23.1% and the height of the stereocilia in 36.2%. Conclusions: The distal vas deferens of spontaneously hypertensive rats present histomorphometric differences when compared to the control strain. Such data should be taken into account when using the model in studies that aim to evaluate the ejaculatory function.
Age and Gender Differences in Emotional and Informational Social Support Insufficiency for Older Adults in Atlantic Canada

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

It is well documented that nursing is concerned about the social support needs of older adults and the effects of those needs on health and well-being. Using survey data from the Atlantic Seniors Housing Research Alliance, the authors explore the emotional and informational social support needs of community-dwelling Canadians aged 65 and older living in the Atlantic provinces. The results indicate that these needs are not being met fully and that they increase with age. Also, men and women report different insufficiencies for specific needs; more men than women report having no support across all items. Nurses should be sensitive to specific age and gender support needs of older adults. They should also increase their social assessments and promote healthy social networks, especially for those 80 years and older. Further nursing research is recommended.
Design and Implementation of Control Module based on Wi-Fi Network for Smart Farm

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

한국의 대다수의 농민들은 농작물의 품질을 향상시키기 위해 시설하우스 내에서 자연 환기창을 정해진 시간에 맞춰 감아올리거나 내리는 어려움 및 시설하우스의 내부 환경을 최적의 생육환경으로 만들기 위해 실시간으로 사용되는 각종 시설기기들 때문에 발생하는 높은 소비전력으로 인해 높은 생산비를 지불해야하는 문제점을 해결하기 위해 스마트 팜이라는 새로운 시스템이 탄생하였지만, 국내 대다수의 농가들은 시공업체의 사후기술지원 서비스 및 스마트팜에 대한 교육 미흡하기 때문에 국내 대다수의 농가들은 스마트팜을 제대로 사용할 수 없다.BR 본 논문에서는 이와 같은 문제점을 해결하기 위해 가격 대비 높은 스펙을 가지고 있는 센서와 IC로 설계한 Wi-Fi 네트워크 기반의 제어 모듈을 개발하였다. 제어 모듈을 이용하여 시설하우스의 자연환기창을 시간과 장소에 상관없이 원격으로 제어할 수 있도록 하며, 상용화된 스마트 미터 제품들과 유사한 기술을 설계하여 시설하우스에서 소비되는 전류를 측정한다. 측정된 전류값 데이터는 본 논문에서 설계한 Wi-Fi 네트워크 기반의 제어모듈을 통해 사용자의 모바일 장치에서 모니터링이 가능하다. 제어모듈에서 MCU 역할을 하는 ESP-12E는 Wi-Fi 다이렉트 기능 또한 겸비하고 있기 때문에 이 기능을 이용하여 무선 네트워크에 접속해 사용자의 모바일장치와 연동하여 측정된 전류 데이터값을 설계한 안드로이드 애플리케이션에 통해 모니터링이 가능하다.
Dynamics of a performance management system: performance information to performance knowledge

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Introduction<br/>Kaplan and Norton’s balanced scorecard<br/>The NHS performance policy and issues <br/>Performance framework evaluation<br/>Mental model<br/>Definition of a dynamical system model, steps and details<br/>Simulation of a model system, method, results and analysis<br/>Evaluation and knowledge<br/>Summary<br/>Q&amp;A
The Characteristics of Ceramic Spool Valve Piloted Water Hydraulic Proportional Valve

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Water hydraulics is one of the most rapidly growing areas in the field of fluid power. Environmental and safety aspects have strong effect to the use of water hydraulics. Also high level material technology and intelligent control systems enable better characteristics for water hydraulic components. Computer simulation is very efficient way to get information of the operation of a component and a system before the prototype or the system really exists. Especially in the research of water hydraulic systems simulation is effective, because water hydraulic components are still very expensive. Proportional valves used in water hydraulics are normally ball seat valves, seat valves or spool valves. The latest development is ceramic spool valve, which has a spool made of industrial ceramics. Today the valves are still mainly 2/2-way or 3/2-way valves and the more complex controls must be build by using these basic elements. The control accuracy of the valves can be improved by using electrical position feedback from the control element. In some cases this is also essential for the proper operation of the valve. In this paper the simplified mathematical model for 3/2-way ceramic spool valve is presented and verified. Different control methods for the two-stage throttle valve are examined.
Oak trees are elemental carbon sinks in urban ecosystems: patterns and drivers

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

&lt;p&gt;Cities represent a significant source of atmospheric elemental carbon (EC), a minor constituent of particulate matter (PM) but a major climate-forcing agent and air pollutant. Urban trees scavenge PM and regulate material fluxes to the ground. As such, urban trees represent potentially important sinks&amp;#8212;not only for PM but also for EC&amp;#8212;in urban landscapes. Here we assess the magnitude and spatiotemporal drivers of EC removal by trees in urban atmospheres. We quantified foliar EC accumulation by, as well as throughfall EC flux under, the canopy of two oak species (&lt;em&gt;Quercus stellata&lt;/em&gt;: post oak; &lt;em&gt;Quercus virginiana&lt;/em&gt;: live oak), which are widespread across the southern United States. Sampling was conducted from March 2017 to March 2018 across the City of Denton, a city at the northern edge of the Dallas-Forth Worth metropolitan area in Texas. Over the year-long study period, we found that post oak tree canopies accumulated two times more EC (0.53 mg EC m&lt;sup&gt;-2&lt;/sup&gt; leaf d&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;) than live oak trees (0.22 mg EC m&lt;sup&gt;-2&lt;/sup&gt; leaf d&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;), with 95% of EC depositing to leaf surfaces as opposed to leaf waxes. Throughfall EC fluxes were also greater under post oak (0.15 mg EC m&lt;sup&gt;-2&lt;/sup&gt; d&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;) compared to live oak (0.12 mg EC m&lt;sup&gt;-2&lt;/sup&gt; d&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;) canopies, but these differences between post oak and live oak were far less pronounced than for foliar EC accumulation. These results suggest that considerable amounts of dry-deposited EC are retained in post oak canopies, reducing species differences in throughfall EC fluxes. Our findings also revealed strong, albeit, contrasting seasonal patterns for foliar EC accumulation and throughfall EC fluxes. For both tree species, EC accumulation on canopy surfaces increased, whereas throughfall EC fluxes decreased from spring to fall, providing additional evidence that EC retention on canopy surfaces results in decreased EC fluxes to the ground. In summary, our findings show that urban oak trees scavenge considerable amounts of EC from the atmosphere and that the magnitude of accumulation and delivery to soil vary by species and season. This research highlights the potential for urban trees and forests to contribute to climate and air quality mitigation.&lt;/p&gt;
Kinetics of Apatite Deposition of Silica Gel Dependent on the Inorganic Ion Composition of Simulated Body Fluids.

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Nucleation and crystal growth mechanism of apatite formation on porous silica gel derived by a sol-gel procedure was investigated by the use of several simulated body fluids (SBF's) that had different concentrations of Ca(II), P(V), and OH- but had the same degree of supersaturation for hydroxyapatite. Induction time of apatite crystallization in SBF's was evaluated by thin film X-ray diffractometry. The effect of each ion on the induction time increased in the order: Ca(II)-rich SBF
Polyphenolic from grains: Importance for human nutrition

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Polyphenol compounds make the most present group of antioxidants in food, plant species, as well as products obtained by processing them. Damaging of important biomacromolecules in human body occurs under the oxidative stress conditions which can lead to developing of many degenerative diseases. Polyphenol compounds, due to their specific structure and mode of action, perform the modulation effects of oxidants, and thus reduce oxidative damage to these macromolecules. The majority of phenolics in the cereal's grains are bounded with some carbohydrates or proteins. The health benefits of consuming grains and their products (due to their unique phytochemicals composition), are proven in numerous medical studies. Grains intake in the daily diet is a prevention against the occurrence of many chronic diseases, such as cancer, heart disease, diabetes, and others. Also, this type of food shows anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic effect. Among the grains, maize possesses the greatest antioxidant activity (especially colored hybrids), wheat and oats. Numerous studies have shown that red, purple and blue maize pigment possesses antimutagenic activity, and also performs the inhibition of colorectal carcinogenesis. Polyphenols from white maize-ferulic and ρ-coumaric acids with their derivatives exhibit particularly strong antioxidant and anticancer effect. Considering that the most part of total amount of the polyphenols are concentrated in the outer layers of cereal grains, it is preferred to consume whole grains compared to refined cereal's grains.
Structural network topology correlates to cognitive impairment and iPTH level in End-stage renal disease patients with peritoneal dialysis

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract Objective: The burden of cognitive impairment in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) undergoing peritoneal dialysis has received more attention lately. It is associated with hospitalization, mortality and reduced quality of life. We aimed to assess the topological alterations of the brain white matter structural network in ESRD and the correlation between network metrics with Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores and clinical data. Methods: The study included 25 ESRD patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT group), 25 patients without SHPT (Non-SHPT group) and 25 healthy controls (HC group) of comparable age and sex. Cognitive function was assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment. The WM structural network was constructed by diffusion tensor imaging and a deterministic tractography method, and then we used graph theoretical approaches to investigate alterations in the global and regional properties of the WM networks in these participants. Results: ESRD patients showed cognitive impairment compared to HC, and the SHPT patients had lower cognitive scores than the Non-SHPT patients. The global topological organization and local efficiency of the WM network was significantly disrupted in the SHPT but not in the Non-SHPT patients compared with the HC group. Moreover, lower regional efficiency was found in the ESRD patients, mainly distributed in the frontal and parietal cortices. In addition, an association was found between iPTH, shortest path length and cognitive impairment, and the iPTH level was negatively correlated with small-worldness by two indexes, the normalized clustering coefficient and the normalized shortest path length. Conclusion: The present study indicated that the brain structural connectome in ESRD patients with high iPTH levels was disrupted in association with cognitive impairment and it is a potential connectome-based biomarker for early detection.
Fungicidal activity of honey originating from different phytogeographic regions against Aspergillus niger and Penicillium chrysogenum

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Different honey brands from Pakistan, Germany and Arabian countries were examined to test their antifungal potential against Aspergillus niger and Penicillium chrysogenum. The in-vitro antifungal activity with different concentrations (Undiluted, 10, 20, 30% v/v) of honey was compared with commercial antifungal drug fluconazole. The diameters of zone of the inhibition of various concentrations of honey ranged from 11-22 mm for A. niger and 13-24 mm for P. chrysogenum, respectively. Lenganese honey brand (LH) showed highest activity (62- 68%) in undiluted honey sample (100%) while honey samples from Pakistani origin exhibited 60-65.71% activity against tested fungal strains. Multi-floral honey samples inhibited the fungal growth more efficiently than the unifloral honey. The antifungal activities of Pakistani honey brands were comparable with international honey brands and commercial antifungal drug fluconazole and might serve to protect health against these human pathogenic fungi.
Two Images of Russia in the British Political Mass Media Discourse of 1991 – 1993 and 2013 – 2019: Pragmastylistic Aspect

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The paper considers political mass media discourse as a persuasive dialogue in which a journalist makes his interlocutors accept a certain point of view. The desired mental reaction on the part of interlocutors can only be achieved through careful choice of ways of persuasion and especially linguistic means often influencing effectively the emotional sphere. The persuasion can be subject to ideological aims thus representing a definite object as positive or negative. The paper claims that such object as the image of state can have opposite assessment in different periods of time and focuses on linguistic means of persuasion aimed at the creation of two contrasting images of Russia in the British mass media discourse of 1991 – 1993 and 2013 – 2019.
Establishing an in vitro model for X chromosome reactivation in the germline

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

In female mammals, one of the X chromosomes is epigenetically inactivated through X chromosome Inactivation (XCI) during the epiblast differentiation. However, XCI is later specifically reversed in female germ cells by reactivation of the inactive X chromosome (XCR) via diffusible signaling molecules produced by female gonadal cells. The mechanistic study of XCR is however impeded by the low cell numbers present in vivo and the need for scalable readouts of X chromosome activity at allelic and single-cell resolution. We characterized XCI and XCR kinetics of a new cell differentiation protocol that differentiates embryonic stem cells (ESCs) into X-inactive epiblast-like cells (Epi-LCs), from which in vitro germ cell (PGC-LCs) differentiation is stimulated through a set of cytokines. The goal was to obtain a source of X-inactive PGC-LCs that could be characterized while exposed to XCR-inducing cues, conforming an In vitro model for germline XCR. Contarily to what was believed in the field, PGC-LCs could undergo XCR mediated by the cytokines present in the PGC-LC differentiation media without exposure to female gonadal cells. We also tested several oligo-FISH methodologies based on oligonucleotide labeling and hairpin chain reaction, discovering that combining hairpin chain reaction with the split-paired probe design of V3.0 smHCR provided a scalable platform to monitor the X activity at allelic resolution. This thesis allowed the implementation of an in vitro model for XCR characterization in the germline and a foundation for a scalable readouts of the X activity at allelic and single-cell resolution.
Emerging disease modifying therapies for multiple sclerosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

AbstractMultiple sclerosis (MS), the most common central nervous system (CNS) demyelinating disease, is thought to be mediated in part by CNS autoantigen-specific T cells. The aetiology of the disease is unclear, but includes genetic and environmental factors. The disease onset often occurs in young adults and is characterised by bouts of neurological symptoms such as numbness, weakness, imbalance or visual difficulties that may not be recovered from. Sometimes the course is more progressive. Since the disease can be disabling, several treatments have been developed that reduce the risk of relapse and progression of sustained disability. Although earlier treatment is encouraged, currently approved disease modifying therapies for MS are only partially effective, administered parenterally and associated with significant side effects and potential toxicities. Therefore, many promising new therapies are under development that target various goals, including immunosuppression, immunomodulation, cell traffic through the blood–brain barrier (BBB), neuroprotection and enhancement of CNS repair.Keywordsdisease modifying therapy for MSimmunomodulationimmunosuppressionmultiple sclerosisneuroprotection
Abstract 1682: Bridging gaps in treatment resistance 2D models with the incorporation of 3D models

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Introduction: 3D cellular models have become of increasing interest in anti-cancer drug discovery as a bridge between clinical models and traditional in vitro methods. An important component of this research is the comparison of drug-to-cell interactions and morphological characteristics between cells in mono-layer culture and the cells in 3D spheroids. Materials and Methods:The ResCu system is a novel long term, physiologically relevant culture system that avoids the need for passaging. It propagates tumoroids in a microenvironment that resembleshuman tissue. Cells with KRAS G12C mutation were cultured in the ResCu system for three months, during which they were constantly exposed to G12C inhibitors (G12Ci) for the evolution of resistant cell populations. Cells were also cultured in traditional 2D cultures and exposed to G12Ci. Transcriptomics was performed to determine resistant networks and identify different resistant subclones in each group. Results: We applied the ResCu system to model clinical resistance. We captured 95% of clinically identified on-target and pathway bypass resistance changes, and in the 2D system, only a fraction of mechanisms were discovered. Additionally, we noticed certain cell populations could tolerate higher doses of the G12Ci after resistance evolution in ResCu compared to 2D. A few had similar responses suggesting that the origin of the cell line plays a role in the microenvironment's impact on cellular response. Conclusion: By comparatively analyzing resistance evolution data for KRAS G12Ci in traditional 2D and ResCu, we were able to collect physiologically relevant data that can more confidently be applied to clinical studies than mono-layer cell culture data alone. Citation Format: Manasa Gadde, Elizabeth Schwabe, Kshithija Mulam, Lindsay Hill, Christopher Bulow. Bridging gaps in treatment resistance 2D models with the incorporation of 3D models [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 1682.
Compound heterozygosity for two beta chain variants: the mildly unstable Hb Tyne (codon 5 Pro→Ser) and HbS (codon 6 Glu→Val).

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Compound heterozygosity for Hb Tyne and HbS, that is very rare, was identified by direct DNA sequencing of the beta-globin gene in a Turkish patient. Hematological investigation of a girl at the age of 9 due to the presence of HbS (40.7%) led to the identification of a compound heterozygosity at codons 5-6. This was found to be the result of substitution of cytosine (C) for thymidine (T) at the fifth position and a substitution of adenine (A) for thymidine (T) at the sixth position of the beta globin gene. As a result of these mutations, the order of amino acids at codons 5-6 was changed from Pro-Glu to Ser-Val, respectively. Since the co-inheritance of Hb Tyne and HbS had not been reported in literature before, our case set an example for identification of coinheritance of Hb Tyne and HbS for the first time. Therefore, such cases may be considered as an important example for understanding the structural variants of hemoglobin and may provide important clues for critical amino acids responsible for stabilization of hemoglobin tetrameric structure and genetic counseling.
Soft‐tissue sarcoma in adults: An update on the current state of histiotype‐specific management in an era of personalized medicine

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Soft‐tissue sarcomas (STS) are rare tumors that account for 1% of all adult malignancies, with over 100 different histologic subtypes occurring predominately in the trunk, extremity, and retroperitoneum. This low incidence is further complicated by their variable presentation, behavior, and long‐term outcomes, which emphasize the importance of centralized care in specialized centers with a multidisciplinary team approach. In the last decade, there has been an effort to improve the quality of care for patients with STS based on anatomic site and histology, and multiple ongoing clinical trials are focusing on tailoring therapy to histologic subtype. This report summarizes the latest evidence guiding the histiotype‐specific management of extremity/truncal and retroperitoneal STS with regard to surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy.
Thrombin Infusion for the Control of Intraocular Bleeding During Vitreous Surgery

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Intraocular bleeding is often a major problem during vitrectomy for proliferative diabetic retinopathy and trauma. We have studied the effect of thrombin on the control of intraocular bleeding during vitreous surgery in rabbit eyes. Thrombin (100 units/mL) infusion solution reduced the bleeding time by more than fivefold. Toxicity studies showed no adverse effect on the lens and corneal endothelium. Electroretinogram b-wave amplitudes were normal, but electroretinogram sensitivity was reduced by 0.5 log units in experimental eyes. Thrombin appears to be a potential agent for the control of intraocular bleeding during vitreous surgery.