jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The early life education of the immune system: Moms, microbes and (missed) opportunities

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

The early life immune system is characterized by unique developmental milestones. Functionally diverse immune cells arise from distinct waves of hematopoietic stem cells, a phenomenon referred to as 'layered' immunity. This stratified development of immune cells extends to lineages of both innate and adaptive cells. The defined time window for the development of these immune cells lends itself to the influence of specific exposures typical of the early life period. The perinatal immune system develops in a relatively sterile fetal environment but emerges into one filled with a multitude of antigenic encounters. A major burden of this comes in the form of the microbiota that is being newly established at mucosal surfaces of the newborn. Accumulating evidence suggests that early life microbial exposures, including those arising in utero, can imprint long-lasting changes in the offspring's immune system and determine disease risk throughout life. In this review, I highlight unique features of early life immunity and explore the role of intestinal bacteria in educating the developing immune system.
Complications after 100 sessions of cone-beam computed tomography-guided lung radiofrequency ablation: a single-center, retrospective experience

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: To evaluate complications after consecutive 100 sessions of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT)-guided radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of lung tumorsMaterials and methods: A retrospective study was conducted from January 2016 and October 2018. All procedures were performed using a CBCT virtual navigation guidance system, combining three-dimentional CBCT, needle planning software, and real-time fluoroscopy. Complications were evaluated for each RFA session in 63 consecutive patients (31 male, 32 female; mean age 58.0 years) with 121 lung tumors who underwent 100 sessions of CBCT-guided lung ablation with an internally cooled RFA system. Complications were recorded using the Common Terminology Criteria of Adverse Events (CTCAE) 5.0. A major complication was defined as a grade 3 or 4 adverse event.Results: There was no postprocedural mortality. The major and minor complication rates were 5% and 28%, respectively. The major complications were significant pulmonary hemorrhage (1%), large hemothorax requiring drainage (1%), pneumonia treated with antibiotics (2%), and delayed bronchopleural fistula (1%). The minor complications were pneumothorax (15%), hemoptysis (11%), and subcutaneous emphysema (2%). Of the 15 pneumothoraces, percutaneous catheter drainage was required in six sessions. Pneumothorax was more likely to occur if RFA was performed on two or more tumors at one session. Immediate, periprocedural and delayed complications were 23%, 9%, and 1%, respectively.Conclusion: CBCT-guided RFA of lung tumors is a relatively safe procedure with acceptable morbidity.
Unwillingness to Communicate in English During Group Discussions Among Thai Postgraduate Students: Level and Coping Strategies

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study aimed to investigate the level of Unwillingness to Communicate (UWTC) in English during group discussions among 37 Thai postgraduate students, as well as the coping strategies they typically employ to manage their UWTC. Burgoon&rsquo;s (1976) Willingness to Communicate (WTC) questionnaire was used to measure the participants&rsquo; UWTC levels, and semi-structured interviews were conducted with six selected participants to explore their coping strategies in greater depth. The results revealed that the majority of participants (73%) exhibited a moderate level of UWTC, while 27% demonstrated a low level. Notably, no participants reported a high level of UWTC, indicating an absence of strong reluctance to communicate. The interview data further revealed that students managed their UWTC through strategies such as thorough preparation, positive self-talk, and collaboration with peers. These coping mechanisms helped reduce anxiety, boost confidence, and encourage more active participation in academic discussions. The findings highlight the importance of fostering supportive, low-anxiety classroom environments to enhance students&rsquo; willingness to communicate in English. This study offers practical implications for educators aiming to promote communicative engagement by addressing both the linguistic and affective factors influencing student participation in English-medium settings.
Serre’s Uniformity in the Split Cartan Case

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We prove that there exists an integer p0 such that Xsplit(p)(Q) is made of cusps and CMpoints for any prime p&gt; p0. Equivalently, for any non-CM elliptic curve E over Q and any prime p&gt; p0 the image of the Galois representation ρE,p is not contained in the normalizer of a split Cartan subgroup. This gives a partial answer to an old question of Serre.
Current Feedback vs. Voltage Feedback Operational Amplifiers

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Differences between current feedback (CFB) and voltage feedback (VFB) operational amplifiers are examined in detail, in terms of closedloop and openloop characteristics; input stage differences/advantages and noise Finally, basic performances of the CFB and VFB amplifiers and their general applications have been discussed The unique advantages in both CFB and VFB amplifier topologies allow design engineers to select the best amplifier for their particular needs
Towards a Theory of Central Bank Liquidity Management

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Elemente einer Theorie der Liquiditätssteuerung von Notenbanken Die "Liquiditätssteuerung" einer Notenbank wird definiert als der Rahmen, die Instrumente und Regeln, die die Notenbank zur Steuerung des Angebots an Bankreserven, und damit zur Steuerung von deren Preis (d.h. insb. des Tagesgeldsatzes) einsetzt. Der vorliegende Beitrag diskutiert einige Elemente einer Theorie der Liquiditätssteuerung. Die Zeitstruktur bei der Erfüllung der Reservehaltung wird als Schlüsselgröße des Rahmens der Liquiditätssteuerung identifiziert. Anschließend wird die Rolle des Optimierungskalküls der Banken innerhalb der Reserveerfüllungsperiode verdeutlicht und das Konzept der "Strategie" der Liquiditätssteuerung eingeführt. Zuletzt werden die Grundzüge einer normativen Theorie der Liquiditätssteuerung entworfen und mit einem einfachen Beispiel illustriert.
Information Technologies in Educational Organizations

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In this chapter, the collaborative design, development, implementation, and evaluation of a new interdisciplinary course being offered by Syracuse University’s School of Information Studies and School of Education are described. The course was offered to graduate students in response to the need to revise two master’s degree programs at Syracuse University and in order to satisfy new state competency standards for certification as Educational Technologists and School Library Media Specialists. The course development process, course objectives, course content and activities, and the results of a formative and summative evaluation conducted by the researchers are included, as well as recommendations for future implementation, including distance delivery.
Cicer hybr. AGG 55186 CHIC

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Plant Genetic Resource.
Taxonomy: Cicer hybr.
Common name(s): Chickpea
Other names: UCD_03583_03_012147
Conserved by: Australian Grains Genebank, DEECA (AGG), Australia
Local sample unique identifier: AGG 55186 CHIC
Method of creation: Acquisition
Date: 2019-06-18
Other identifiers: n/a,3583a
Historical: No
Biological status: Hybrid
MLS status: Included
[Reversal of drug resistance in human cancer cells by anti-oncogenes].

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The demonstration that RNA can be cleaved by cis ribozyme (catalytic RNAs, RNA enzymes) has potentially important therapeutic implications. Ribozymes are effective for modulation of gene expression because of their simple structure, site-specific cleavage activity, and catalytic potential. The targets of ribozyme-mediated gene modulation have ranged from cancer cells to foreign genes that cause infectious diseases. Additional target sites for ribozymes are in initial phases of development and design. Ribozymes have been targeted against myriad genes, including oncogenes (ras, BCR-ABL) and drug resistance genes (MDR-1, c-fos). These ribozymes have cleaved the target RNAs in culture system and developed to the in vivo system. We reported that fos ribozyme has altered the expression of c-fos and DNA repair genes in drug resistance cancer cells, and reversed the sensitivity to cisplatin. Furthermore, we have developed high efficiency by the transfer system in vivo.
A Challenge from Teaching to Social Movement: Bediüzzaman Said Nursi’s Struggles for Modification in Turkey

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Bediüzzaman Said Nursi played a major role in Turkish society in the field of promoting Islam. The struggle that he started in Turkey brought about some conflicts between him and the newly established government of Turkey. Since he tried to avoid any political conflict with latter, he diverted his movement to apolitical approach in his strategy to achieve his main goal that was social movement. The present study has twofold objectives. First, it focuses on Nursi’s struggles in an apolitical approach. Second, it analyses his contributions to the revival of Islamic ethics and sciences through his teachings and the Nur movement. The method used in this study is qualitative, historical approach. The findings of this study disclose how Nursi directed a significant movement to the intellectual as well as spiritual life of the people in Turkey. This movement contributed tremendously to the revival of Islamic ethics and other field of sciences. After his death, his idea and thoughts has been spread all over the world helping them in their social movement. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n6s1p444
Delineation of interactions between specific solvent and solute nuclei. Nuclear magnetic resonance solvent saturation study of gramicidin S in methanol, dimethyl sulfoxide, and trifluoroethanol

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDelineation of interactions between specific solvent and solute nuclei. Nuclear magnetic resonance solvent saturation study of gramicidin S in methanol, dimethyl sulfoxide, and trifluoroethanolT. Phil Pitner, J. D. Glickson, R. Rowan, J. Dadok, and A. A. Bothner-ByCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1975, 97, 20, 5917–5918Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1975https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00853a048https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00853a048research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views37Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Time Evolution and Effect of Dispersant on the Morphology and Viscosity of Water-In-Crude-Oil Emulsions

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This study examines the time evolution and effects of adding dispersant (Corexit 9500A) at varying concentrations on the microscopic morphology and bulk viscosity of saltwater-in-crude-oil (Louisiana) mechanically mixed emulsions. Rheology is used for measuring the viscoelastic properties and viscosity, the latter at varying shear rates. Microscopy, followed by machine-learning-based analysis, is used for characterizing the size and spatial distribution of the water droplets in the emulsions. Initially, the water droplets appear as a multiscale lattice with a Sauter diameter of 5.3 μm and a polydispersity of 0.43, with small droplets aggregating around large ones. The corresponding bulk viscosity decreases with increasing shear rate from 2 orders of magnitude to 5 times higher than that of the weathered crude oil. After 7 days, the number of submicron droplets increases, the nearest-neighbor distance decreases, indicating preferential aggregation, and the viscosity increases by 56-112% at high shear rates (5-100 s-1). After 14 and 21 days, some droplets coalesce resulting in loss of clusters and a decrease in viscosity. These trends suggest that changes in the aggregation contribute to the variations in viscosity. Subsequent analysis applies previously developed models for the effect of aggregation on the properties of the emulsion. While the reduction in viscosity is predicted by this model, matching of rates requires modification to the assumed relationship between yield stress and interdroplet forces. Adding dispersant without mixing generates Marangoni-driven flows as the water droplets coalesce. In time, part of the water separates, a fraction forms clouds of submicron droplets, and the rest remains unchanged. Mixing dispersant at low concentration with the emulsion accelerates the coalescence and phase separation. The removed water fraction increases with dispersant concentration, reaching 99.6% for a dispersant-to-emulsion concentration of 10-3. The remaining emulsion consists of fine droplets with Newtonian viscosity that is still 4 times higher than that of the fresh crude oil but only 14% higher than that of the weathered oil.
Dissolution, solubility and cooperativity of phenolic compounds from Hypericum perforatum L. in aqueous systems.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The dissolution in water of phenolic constituents of St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum L.) from a medicinal tea and a coated tablet formulation showed different dissolution profiles. In general, the flavonoid glycosides were well dissolved, followed by flavonoid aglycones and hypericin while hyperforin was only detectable at a very low level. Interestingly, hypericin exhibited much better extraction and dissolution rates than the similarly lipophilic hyperforin. When determining the octanol/water partition coefficient it became obvious that the solubility of pure hypericin in water increased upon addition of some phenolic constituents typical for Hypericum extracts. Most effective in solubilizing hypericin was hyperoside (hyperin, quercetin 3-O-beta-D-galactoside) which increased the concentration of hypericin in the water phase up to 400 fold in this model.
A Multilevel Systems Model of Leadership

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This study uses a control theory to develop a multilevel systems model of leadership. The model outlines the processes that senior leaders can use to influence others across hierarchical levels of management and clarifies the mechanisms that link leadership across levels of management—goal cascading, alignment, and the bypass channel of communication. The authors discuss leadership behaviors needed to effectively influence others across a cybernetic process of leadership. Embedded within the multilevel systems model of leadership is a micro-level cybernetic model that focuses on the temporal process that leaders use to influence individuals in the pursuit of goal achievement.
Current status and emerging perspectives of coastal blue carbon ecosystems

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Blue carbon ecosystems require conservation and restoration to maximize organic carbon (CORG) sequestration to ameliorate greenhouse gas emissions. Salt marshes, mangrove forests and seagrass meadows are all autotrophic and are considered blue carbon ecosystems. Macroalgae and tidal flats are currently not considered blue carbon habitats. Blue carbon ecosystems contribute globally to climate change mitigation and at local and national scales, especially in the provision of other ecosystem goods and services. Financial investment is constrained by large uncertainties in CORG dynamics and best practices in restoration, rehabilitation and conservation. Several key emerging perspectives include (1) the fact that groundwater discharge of dissolved carbon is a major pathway of blue carbon loss; (2) allochthonous CORG inputs are required to achieve ecosystem carbon mass balance; (3) blue carbon dynamics are enhanced by habitat connectivity and biotic activities; (4) CH4 and N2O emissions reduce blue carbon potential; (5) habitat destruction causes blue carbon stock losses, but variable gas emissions; (6) sediment blue carbon stocks are increasing at the poles; and (7) land-use and land-cover changes (LULCC) drive changes in blue carbon stocks and emissions. Further research is needed to clarify the applicability of these emerging perspectives.
A Pilot Study of Deep Learning-Based Monocular Depth Estimation from Fundus Photographs

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of a generalizable deep learning (DL)-based system with no a priori knowledge of fundus photographs to generate monocular depth map information about optic disc structures from this imaging modality. Images of 30 stereo pairs of fundus photographs centered on the optic disc of 30 subjects were analyzed with this DL system to generate monocular depth maps using zero-shot cross-dataset transfer. These maps were registered onto reference standard depth maps derived from optical coherence tomography. Accuracy of the DL system was assessed by the root of mean squared error (RMSE) between the estimate and reference standard. 47% of the total images from the dataset were successfully processed, with mean RMSE of 0.081. Our findings demonstrate that single image, monocular depth estimation with a generalizable DL system using zero-shot cross-dataset transfer applied to retinal color fundus photographs is feasible and has potential. Received: 24 July 2024 | Revised: 30 September 2024 | Accepted: 10 October 2024 Conflicts of Interest The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest to this work. Data Availability Statement The data that support the findings of this study are openly available in Iowa Carver College of Medicine at https://medicine.uiowa.edu/eye/inspire-datasets, reference number [15]; in Github at https://github.com/isl-org/MiDaS, reference number [18]; in PyTorch at https://pytorch.org/tutorials/beginner/transfer_learning_tutorial.html, reference number [19]; in ImageJ Docs at https://imagej.net/software/imagej2/, reference number [23]. Author Contribution Statement Rony Gelman: Conceptualization, Methodology, Software, Validation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Resources, Data curation, Writing - original draft, Writing - review & editing, Visualization, Supervision, Project administration. Michael D. Abràmoff: Writing - original draft, Writing - review & editing, Visualization, Supervision, Project administration.
A NOTE ON GROWTH EXPECTATION

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Recently, several researchers have succeeded in producing expectation–driven cycles by balancing the tension between the wealth effect and the substitution effect stemming from the higher expected future productivity. Especially, seminal research by Christiano et al. (“Monetary Policy and Stock Market Boom–Bust Cycles,” mimeo, Northwestern University, 2007), explains “stock market boom–bust cycles,” characterized by increases in consumption, labor inputs, investment, and stock prices relating to high expected future technology levels. We, however, show that such expectation–driven cycles are difficult to generate based on “growth expectation,” which reflects expectations of higher productivity growth rates.
Kinsall posing next to the 5th Marine Division Memorial on Mount Suribachi, Iwo Jima

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Slide film (or reversal film) of Kinsall posing next to the 5th Marine Division Memorial on Mount Suribachi, Iwo Jima. The memorial was erected on the spot where Joe Rosenthal's famous photograph "Raising the Flag on Iwo Jima" was taken.
Roughness Induced Heat Transfer and Shear Stress Augmentation Measurements of the HEEET Thermal Protection System

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Although engineering correlations exist for the heat flux and shear stress augmentation for sand grain roughness at high speeds, modern 3D woven thermal protection systems will result in patterned roughness. This study investigates the heat transfer augmentation to the NASA HEEET ablator, at different roughness scales and melt heights. The experiments were undertaken in the Oxford High Density Tunnel at a nominal Mach number of 5 and unit Reynolds number of 30 − 60 × 10^6 /m. Determination of the Stanton number were performed by combining measurements of the free-stream total temperatures with the measurement of the heat transfer from either calorimeter gauges, thin film heat transfer gauges and infra-red thermography. Results indicate trends towards bulk heat transfer augmentation of order 50% with increased Re_x for the larger scale roughnesses. Local increases to the heat flux were measured on the heat transfer gauges and agreed well with the infra-red thermography. Shear stress measurements showed a clear relation to the heat flux augmentation, the Reynolds analogy is shown to be invalid.
External application of ethanol combined with polygonum cuspidatum cream for prevention of phlebitis caused by enhanced CT contrast agent leakage

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objective
To investigate the effects of external application of ethanol combined with polygonum cuspidatum cream for the prevention of phlebitis caused by enhanced CT contrast agent leakage and summarize nursing experience.

Methods
A total of 82 patients with enhanced CT contrast agent leakage from October 2013 to March 2015 were selected and randomly divided into observation group (n=41) and control group (n=41). The patients in observation group were treated by ethanol combined with polygonum cuspidatum cream for external application, while the patients in control group were treated by ethanol combined with magnesium sulphate. Phlebitis occurrence were compared between two groups.

Results
The severity of phlebitis in observation group was lower than those of control group (P<0.05). In observation group, the time of swelling reduction and pain disappearance were significantly shorter than those of control group (P<0.05).

Conclusions
External application of ethanol combined with polygonum cuspidatum cream can prevent the phlebitis caused by enhanced CT contrast agent leakage effectively and relieve local swelling and pain with excellent security.

Key words:
Phlebitis; Polygonum cuspidatum cream; Ethanol; External application; CT
Hordeum vulgare L. convar. vulgare var. coeleste L., HOR 1666 BRG

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

PGRFA accession of IPK Gatersleben Plant Genetic Resource Taxon: Hordeum vulgare L. convar. vulgare var. coeleste L. Accession number: HOR 1666 BRG Conserved by: DEU146 Acquisition: 2015-07-20 Origin country: GER Biological status: genetic stock MLS status: Included AEGIS status: Not included Historic: No