jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Epic and Romance

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Epic and romance are distinct literary genres that poets combine in some of the most effective narrative poems of the early modern period, such as Ariosto’s Orlando Furioso and Spenser’s The Faerie Queene. Critics refer to these sorts of poems variously as “romance” or “romantic epics” or “epic romances” or “chivalric epics” or “heroic poems,” with each designation emphasizing a slightly different part of, or way of looking at, the hybrid literary form. To simplify greatly, one might say that the focus of epic is war, whereas that of romance is love. Renaissance rewritings of epic often include catalogues of armies, elaborate battles, extended similes, and funeral games; in addition to love, romance narratives tend to focus on adventure, magic, disguise, and flight. The primary goal of Renaissance humanism, the pedagogical movement that began in Italy in the 14th century and spread out from there over the following centuries, was the revitalization of contemporary culture through the recuperation of antiquity. Classical epic was a genre that humanistically inspired poets were eager to adapt to modern literary culture to establish the value of their own respective vernacular traditions. Canonical models like Homer and Vergil, as well as more adversarial and disputed ones, such as Ovid, Lucan, and Statius, served well. There is a tradition of prose romances in antiquity, and there are many romance-like passages in classical epic, but when critics speak of the romance tradition that a poet like Ariosto used, they generally mean Arthurian romances or the “matter of Britain.”This was a vast body of work codified in literary form by Chrétien de Troyes in the 12th century, which was the inspiration for numerous romance works, prose and poetry, in different vernaculars from the medieval through the early modern period. The combination of epic and romance conventions and themes into a single literary work, then, is a fusion of elements of classical antiquity and literary medieval culture.
LHD ICHamp #121234.1

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Ion Cyclotron Range of Frequencies (ICRF) heating system to launch fast waves (Ion Cyclotron Range of Frequencies (ICRF) waves) to heat plasma particles by wave-particle interaction. Raw data are forward and reflected power and voltage of transmission lines, 3.5 U/L and 4.5 U/L.
The eco-scheme proposal for the CAP post 2020: a more effective incentive for environmental enhancement or a largely empty box?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Focussing on the European Commission’s proposals for the 2021-27 CAP, this paper looks at the opportunities they present for enhancing climate and environmental ambition in the EU, examining in particular the role that the proposed new Pillar 1 eco-scheme might play in the policy mix. It discusses some of the opportunities and risks related to its introduction including: the ability to target and tailor direct payments to environmental needs; the balance between flexibility and accountability; securing sufficient resources; the pros and cons of the two payment models permitted; annual versus multi-annual commitments; and its relationship in the green architecture with conditionality and other rural development payments. It concludes that the eco-scheme represents a change in direction for the integration of environmental goals and tools into Pillar 1 of the CAP which could act as a bridge to a more integrated and sustainable single pillar policy architecture in the future. However, it remains to be seen whether Member States are yet ready to appreciate its potential and use its flexibilities in innovative ways to promote a more ambitious environmental agenda in conjunction with other CAP measures.
Association of catalase promoter haplotype and catalase level in the X-ray employments

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

the current study aims to detect Association of catalase promoter haplotype and catalase level and its relation with ROS in the X-ray employments , the results show that the mean of employments age was (36.90±2.330) and (39.23±0.06760) for control group , The level of CAT showed significant reduction in X-ray employments group (0.701±0.067) (p= 0.000), and non-significant differences observed in both groups that have approximately same results in ROS levels (p= 0.810), The correlation between CAT level and different work times in the X-ray employments group show inverse correlation with work time per day, and positive association with other times of working in non-significant differences, belong to ROS there was significant inverse correlation with work time per day and non-significant inverse relation with direct exposure per day and per week, the (CAT -89A>T) haplotypes detected using PCR-SSCP technique, the results show two types of haplotypes (single and double haplotypes) a strong association of double haplotypes with employments group (p= 0.000) was observed. The results concluded that there was significant reduction of CAT level and (CAT -89A>T) haplotypes with group exposed to X-ray radiation.
The Effect of Glycinebetaine on the Heat Stability of Photosynthetic Reactions in Thylakoid Membranes

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Heat inactivation of various photosynthetic electron transport reactions were investigated in the presence/absence of glycinebetaine (betaine) in unstacked thylakoid membranes from spinach. The activity of Photosystem II (PS II) is more sensitive to heat than that of Cytochrome bf (cyt.bf) and Photosytem I (PS I) complexes. The data obtained clearly demonstrated the protection of PS II and PS I electron transfer by betaine under high temperatures. The phenomena observed are probably related to the stabilization of the higher-order structures of PS II and PS I by betaine.
Dead-Time for Zero-Voltage-Switching in Battery Chargers with the Phase-Shifted Full-Bridge Topology: Comprehensive Theoretical Analysis and Experimental Verification

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents a comprehensive theoretical analysis and an accurate calculation method of the dead-time required to achieve zero-voltage-switching (ZVS) in a battery charger with the phase-shifted full-bridge (PSFB) topology. Compared to previous studies, this is the first time that the effects of nonlinear output filter inductance, varied Miller Plateau length, and blocking capacitors have been considered. It has been found that the output filter inductance and the Miller Plateau have a significant influence on the dead-time for ZVS when the load current varies a lot in battery charger applications. In addition, the blocking capacitor, which is widely used to prevent saturation, reduces the circulating current and consequently affects the setting of the dead-time. In consideration of these effects, accurate analytical equations of the dead-time range for ZVS are deduced. Experimental results from a 1.5kW PSFB battery charger prototype shows that, with the proposed analysis, an optimal dead-time can be selected to meet the specific requirements of a system while achieving ZVS over wide load range.
Coping Measures and Social Capital in Offsetting Effects of an Estuary Flash Flood in Bangladesh: A Case Study

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The northern, northeastern, and southeastern parts of Bangladesh are highly susceptible to the impacts of flash flooding. Beyond these typical areas, flash floods also occur in the coastal areas of the country. The objective of this paper is to examine the ways residents of a coastal area have coped with the impacts of the flash flood event that took place on 5 August 2020 in 26 villages of Kamalnagar and Ramgati upazilas in the Lakshmipur district, Bangladesh. A household survey conducted in these villages revealed that nearly 83% of the respondents adopted two of the six broad groups of coping measures to recover from the impacts of the 2020 flash flood event. Unlike flash floods in typical areas, the survivors in the study area did not receive any emergency assistance either from local/national governments or NGOs, creating a cause of anger among the flash flood survivors. They offset the event effects largely by social capital through social networks and social relations. This study concludes that the government of Bangladesh should have effective policies to reduce the impacts of coastal flash flooding.
Declining incidence of intracerebral hemorrhage over two decades in a population‐based study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background and purpose The incidence and case‐fatality rate ( CFR ) of primary intracerebral hemorrhage ( PICH ) over two decades were assessed in a prospective population‐based study. Methods Cases of incident first‐ever PICH were recorded over a 2‐year period (2011–2012) from multiple sources in the district of L'Aquila, central Italy. Included patients were followed up to 1 year after the event to ascertain CFR s. Current data were compared with those previously collected from 1994 through 1998. Results In all, 115 patients (52 men; 45.2%) with a first‐ever PICH were included. Mean age ± SD was 77.4 ± 11.8 years. The hemorrhage was lobar in 43 (37.4%) patients, deep in 56 (48.7%), in the posterior fossa in 11 (9.6%) and intraventricular or multiple localized in five (4.3%). Crude annual incidence rate was 19.3 per 100 000 and 14.8 per 100 000 when standardized to the 2011 European population, indicating a 48% reduction comparing data of 2011–2012 to those of 1994–1998 (incidence rate ratio 0.52; 95% confidence interval 0.43–0.64; P < 0.001). In 2011–2012, the 7‐day CFR was 27.8%, the 30‐day CFR was 42.6% and the 1‐year CFR was 52.2%; the 1‐year standardized mortality ratio was 0.81 (95% confidence interval 0.63–1.04) compared with 1994–1998. Conclusions The annual incidence rate of PICH was lower than that found two decades before and close to the rates recently found in other western countries. Data also indicated a non‐significant trend towards a decrease in mortality, which nonetheless remained high, pointing to the need for more appropriate treatments in order to reduce PICH severity and mortality.
EUROPEANIZATION AND GOVERNANCE: A NEW INSTITUTIONALIST PERSPECTIVE

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Europeanization as a political process may be understood in terms of both the creation of a European polity and the adaptation of national polities to European integration. This paper examines a key aspect of the interrelationship between these two dimensions of Europeanization. Against expectations, the national politico-administrative systems of European Union member states have not converged. Drawing on a new institutionalist analytical framework, it is shown that these differential patterns of national adaptation correspond to more general models of incremental institutional change and, as such, are likely to be a persisting feature of European integration. This, in turn, leads to a reconceptualization of European governance, which emphasizes the importance of national diversity. The influence of differing national politico-administrative models on the development of the European Union is discussed. The implications of national diversity for policy implementation frameworks are also analysed.
Study on Hybrid Precoding for Millimeter Wave Massive Multiuser MIMO Systems

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

在毫米波大规模多输入多输出(MIMO)系统中，为了减小全数字预编码时硬件安装复杂度及安装费用，以及克服毫米波传输衰减大的问题，本文探讨一种线性混合预编码方法。首先分析了一个可渐近最优的线性模拟预编码方案，该方案可通过迭代处理就能实现。在此迭代模拟预编码基础上，本文进而在数字预编码方面考虑块对角化(BD)和最大比传输(MRT)两种线性方案，并在不同的参数下对MRT与BD进行仿真对比。仿真结果表明，在低信噪比和用户数少时，MRT性能优于BD，而在其它情况下，BD性能优于MRT。 In millimeter wave massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems, in order to reduce installed hardware complexity and cost in full digital precoding, and to overcome the problem of large transmission loss in millimeter wave, this paper investigates a kind of hybrid precoding schemes with low complexity. This paper firstly analyzes a linear analog precoding scheme with asymptotically optimal performance, which can be implemented through iterative processing. Based on the iterative analog precoding scheme, this paper considers further the two linear digital precoding schemes with block diagonalization (BD) and maximum ratio transmission (MRT), respectively, and makes numerical comparison between the BD and the MRT for different kinds of parameters. The simulation results show that under the case with low SNR and a few users, the MRT has better performance than BD, and the BD has better performance than the MRT in the other cases.
Politics of Space in News Media: Mapping Religion in Four Finnish Newspapers (2007–2011)

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In this article, we examine religion in the news media by applying a spatial approach. Our content analysis of journalistic reporting on religion is based on a study of four Finnish newspapers over a five-year period. The data shows that the space of religion in the Finnish newspapers comprises complex dynamics connected with place, embedded in journalistic conventions and practices. Journalistic practices and the segmentation into newspaper sections result in a strict separation among local, national, and global themes related to religion, consequently erecting boundaries between inclusion and exclusion, proximity and distance, and centre and periphery associated with the religion in question. We conclude with a reflection on the politics of space and its significance in positioning religion not only in the studied newspapers but also in Finnish society and in Europe at large.
AN APPLICATION OF THE TCRBF NEURAL NETWORK IN MULTI-NODE FAULT DIAGNOSIS METHOD

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract − This paper presents the new self-testing method for diagnosis of analog parts in mixed-signal embedded systems controlled by microcontrollers. The tested analog part is stimulated by a sinus-wave supplied by the onboard generator and its responses are sampled in selected nodes by microcontrollers ADC. The measurement space is represented by differences between values of selected node voltages. Fault detection and localization is performed by a Two-Center Radial Basis Function (TCRBF) Neural Network. The diagnosis procedure was implemented and simulated in a PC.
Involvement of renal alpha- and beta-adrenoceptors in release of renin by carotid baroreflex

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

In anesthetized vagotomized dogs with renal arterial pressure constant, carotid sinus hypotension (BCO) caused a reflex rise in systemic arterial pressure, a fall in renal blood flow, and a similar increase in renin release from both kidneys. Unilateral alpha-adrenoceptor blockade with phenoxybenzamine resulted in an increase in basal renal blood flow, a depression of basal renin release, and an abolition of the responses to BCO in the treated kidney. The untreated kidney responsed to BCO as before. Nonblocked and alpha-blocked kidneys released similar amounts of renin when renal blood flow was mechanically reduced by aortic constriction. Administration of propranolol to the nonblocked kidney prevented the release of renin but not the hemodynamic changes resulting from BCO. The experiments demonstrated that under certain conditions carotid sinus hypotension produced alpha-adrenoceptor-mediated changes in the kidney sufficient to cause increased renin release. A step in the renin release mechanism subsequent to the alpha-adrenoceptor-mediated changes in sensitive to propranolol.
Correlations between Soluble Sugar and Phenol Contents in Leaves and Pear Scab Resistance

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Pear scab caused by Venturia nashicola is one of the most important diseases in pears in China.Better understanding of the relationships between soluble sugar and phenol contents in the leaves and pear scab will assist in developing resistant cultivars for management of this disease.However, such relationships were poorly understood.In this study, we determined soluble sugar and total phenol contents in the leaves of 29 pear cultivars with varying levels of scab resistance in May, June, August and September of 2012 and related their levels to pear scab resistance.Results of this study demonstrated that: 1) the changes in soluble sugar and total phenol contents in the leaves of interspecific pears appeared to be relatively stable in May, June and August.In September, however, significant changes in their levels were observed.The levels of soluble sugar content in the leaves of Pyrus bretschnrideri and P. communis were significantly lower.Total phenol content in the P. communis leaves reached the highest.2) Differences in soluble sugar and total phenol contents in the leaves of pear cultivars with varying levels of scab resistance were insignificant in May, June, August, and September.Total phenol content in pear cultivars that were immune to scab was slightly higher than that in other resistant cultivars in May, June, August, and September.3) Soluble sugar and total phenol contents in the leaves of different interspecific and scab-resistant cultivars had no significant correlations with scab incidence in May, June, August and September.4) There was a negatively correlation (p=0.039,r=-0.386) between soluble sugar content in the leaves of different cultivars and scab incidence in August.
ABAandABABDesigns

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract Single‐case designs are often used to assess the effects of an intervention. The designs usually focus on one participant who is observed numerous times. Large‐sample designs, by comparison, use many participants who are observed only a few times. The simplest single‐case design is the AB design. The letter A denotes a baseline phase during which no intervention is in effect; the letter B denotes the intervention phase. The baseline phase serves three purposes. It provides data about a participant's performance prior to instituting an intervention, it provides a basis for predicting a participant's future performance in the absence of an intervention, and it indicates the normal variability in the participant's performance.
Skill Development and Critical Thinking in Higher Education

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract The development of ‘critical thinking’ is often put forward as an ideal of higher education. However, there is a significant contention over what is meant by the phrase. This paper looks at how a critical approach might be encouraged as an aspect of skills development in higher education. In the Master of Research (MRes), degree a variety of research orientated skills is taught, the combination of which is thought to be pertinent to ‘good’ research and to professional life generally. As a result of focus group and interview sessions conducted with participating students, it appears that one of outcomes most useful to the students has been a development of a self‐awareness through reflection. This self‐awareness pertains to where their skills lie and to a more general awareness of how they learn. This, in turn, seems to have led to the development of a more thoughtful, enquiring and open‐minded approach, in both professional and personal life. This approach appears to embrace many of the ideals of a critical mind, irrespective of which definition of ‘critical thinking’ is preferred. What a sad comment on modern educational systems that most learners neither value nor practise active, critical reflection. They are too busy studying to stop and think. Sadder still, many educators don't reflect either. They must be too busy ‘teaching’ (Hammond & Collins, 1991 p. 163.)
The Effect of a Refractory Period on the Power Spectrum of Neuronal Discharge

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract. The interspike intervals in steady-state neuron firing are assumed to be indepen-dently and identically distributed random variables, In the simplest model discussed, each interval is assumed to be the sum of a random neuron refractory period and a statistically independent interval due to a stationary external process, whose statistics are assumed known. The power spectral density (hence the autocorrelation) of the composite neuron-firing renewal process is derived from the known spectrum of the external process and from the unknown spectrum of the neuron-refraction process. The results are applied to spike trains recorded in a previous study [2] of single neurons in the visual cortex of an awake monkey. Two models are demonstrated that may produce peaks in the power spectrum near 40 Hz. Key words, neuronal spike trains, refractory period, autocorrelation, power spectrum, 40 Hz oscillation AMS subject classifications. 92B20, 60G10, 92B05 1. Introduction. There
The Bishops of Argyll and the Castle of Achanduin, Lismore, AD 1180-1343

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The history of the see of Argyll, its Bishops and its endowments to 1343 is reviewed and the conclusion made that neither the see nor the Bishop could have afforded to build Achanduin Castle.Examination of the published 14th-century documentation shows that the commonly held view that the Bishop was in possession of the castle in 1304 is probably mistaken.The castle is likely to have been built by the MacDougall family in the 1290s and to have remained in their possession throughout the 14th century.
UJI EFEKTIVITAS PENGENDALIAN GULMA SECARA KIMIAWI PADA AREAL TANAMAN SENGON (Paraserianthes falcataria) DI TAMAN HUTAN HUJAN TROPIS INDONESIA KALIMANTAN SELATAN

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A city forest is a biotic and abiotic environment composed of a series of ecosystems from biological, physical, economic, and cultural components that are related to one another. We encounter many weeds around the house area and also on managed land such as the Indonesian Tropical Rain Forest Park. Weeds themselves always cause competition between plants, this competition causes a detrimental impact on plants. The purpose of this study was to identify the types of weeds in the sengon area and to analyze the effectiveness of 2 types of herbicides on weeds in the sengon area. Point determination was carried out by purposive sampling and identification of all types of weeds and the level of poisoning due to herbicide application was carried out by visual scoring. The results obtained in this study were the types of weeds in the Indonesian Tropical Rain Forest Park area, there were 6 types of weeds, papikatan, segments, bandotan, karamunting, juragi, and laladingan where the effectiveness level of herbicides on weeds in the sengon area was 98.6% for Glyphosate herbicide type and 98.2% for Paraquat herbicide type.Lingkungan yang terdiri dari biotik maupun abiotik dan disusun dari rangkaian ekosistem yang berkomponen fisik, biologi, budaya, dan ekonomi yang saling keterkaitan merupakan hutan kota. Gulma banyak kita jumpai di sekitar area rumah dan juga pada lahan yang dikelola seperti Taman Hutan Hujan Tropis Indonesia. Gulma sendiri selalu menimbulkan persaingan antar tanaman, persaingan tersebut yang menyebabkan dampak kerugian bagi tanaman. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu mengidentifikasi jenis gulma pada areal sengon dan menganalisis efektivitas 2 jenis herbisida pada gulma di areal tanaman sengon. Penentuan titik dilakukan secara purposive sampling serta dilakukan identifikasi seluruh jenis gulma yang ada dan tingkat keracunan akibat pemberian herbisida secara scoring visual. Hasil yang didapat dalam penelitian ini yaitu jenis gulma yang berada di areal Taman Hutan Hujan Tropis Indonesia ada 6 jenis gulma, papikatan, ruas-ruas, bandotan, karamunting, juragi dan laladingan dimana tingkat efektivitas herbisida pada gulma di areal sengon 98,6% untuk jenis herbisida Glifosat dan 98,2% untuk jenis herbisida Paraquat