jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Urinary schistosomiasis in Egypt: Clinical, radiological, bacteriological and parasitological correlations

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

200 Egyptian boys and men with urinary schistosomiasis were studied by clinical evaluation, radiography, quantitative egg excretion, bacterial cultures, and tests of renal function. Results were analysed by age, by symptoms (clinical grade), by presence of polypoid vs calcified schistosomal lesions (radiological stage), by presence or absence of obstructive uropathy, and by response to antischistosomal treatment. Age—Increasing age correlated slightly with decreasing egg excretion. Obstructive uropathy, bladder calcification, ureterolithiasis, and bladder retention increased linearly with age; polypoid lesions decreased linearly with age. Clinical grade—Age increased with increasing symptoms. Symptomatic patients excreted more eggs than those without symptoms. Non-functioning kidney was associated only with moderate or severe symptoms; other variables did not correlate with the grades. Radiological stage—Age increased from stage 1 (polypoid lesions only) to stage 2 (polypoid and calcified lesions) to stage 3 (calcified lesions only), as egg excretion decreased. Other variables were not different among the stages. Obstructive uropathy—Patients with obstruction were older than those without, and had higher frequencies of ureteral stenosis, ureterolithiasis, and bladder retention. Maximal urine concentration and phenolsulphonphthalein excretion were decreased in patients with obstruction. Treatment—Patients with improved urograms (including obstructive uropathy) following treatment were younger, excreted more eggs, and more frequently were in radiological stages 1 and 2 than patients without improvement. Improvement did not correlate with specific antischistosomal drugs or with the final percent reduction of egg excretion. These results suggest that the course of urinary schistosomiasis may be from polypoid to calcified lesions (radiological stage 1 to 3), associated with increasing age and decreasing egg excretion. However, clinical grade, bacterial urinary-tract infection, obstructive uropathy, and abnormalities of renal function are not stage-dependent. Although older age is associated with greater severity of symptoms and increasingly frequent radiographic abnormalities, appreciable morbidity occurs at all ages and in all stages of the disease in Egyptians in hospital. Prediction of reversibility of schistosomal uropathy can be made on the basis of age, egg excretion, and radiological stage.
A recursive algorithm for selling at the ultimate maximum in regime-switching models

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We propose a recursive algorithm for the numerical computation of the optimal value function $\inf_{t\leτ\le T} E \Big[\sup_{0\le s\le T } Y_s / Y_τ \big| {\cal F}_t\Big]$ over the stopping times $τ$ with respect to the filtration of a geometric Brownian motion $Y_t$ with Markovian regime switching. This method allows us to determine the boundary functions of the optimal stopping set when no associated Volterra integral equation is available. It applies in particular when regime-switching drifts have mixed signs, in which case the boundary functions may not be monotone.
Myasthenic syndrome during treatment with practolol.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Myasthenic syndrome during treatment with practolol SIR,-The myasthenic syndrome during treat- ment with large doses of practolol described by Drs R 0 Hughes and F J Zacharias (21 February, p 460) appears to be a clinical manifestation of the effect of 3-adrenoceptor blocking agents on the neuromuscular junction observed in animals.Like other members of this group of drugs' 2 practolol has a curare- like action, as shown in sciatic nerve- gastrocnemius preparations of the cat:' and frog and in the frog sciatic nerve-sartorius preparation and rectus abdominis muscle.2 4 The dosage required to depress neuromuscular transmission was larger for practolol than for propranolol.Though the patient's electromyogram, presumably taken in the resting state, was normai, it would be of great interest to know whether in the myasthenic state repetitive nerve stimulation evoked a gradually declining response of the muscle and whether even in the absence of the myasthenic syndrome the patient was particularly prone to fatigue.As in experimental animals the neuromuscular effects of '3-adrenoceptor blockers are readily reversible the risk of a relapse of the myas- thenic syndrome seems to be remote.How- ever, the patient may be hypersensitive to D-tubocurarine and related agents and also to drugs with a local anaesthetic action, like quinidine.
Effects of matrine on the proliferation and apoptosis of human medulloblastoma cell line D341.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Matrine, one of the Chinese herbal medicine, has anti-tumor activity in a variety of tumor cells. However, its anti-tumor activity in human medulloblastoma remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence and mechanism of matrine-induced proliferation and apoptosis in human medulloblastoma D341 cells. D341 cells were divided into experimental groups in which matrine were added at different concentrations and a control group under the same conditions without matrine applied. D341 cell proliferation was analyzed using a cell counting kit-8 assay, apoptosis was detected by annexin-V FITC/PI double-staining, and the expression of Bax, Bcl-2, caspase-3 and caspase-9 was detected by Western blotting. Results showed that matrine significantly inhibited the proliferation of D341 cells. The cells displayed more and larger cytoplasmic vacuoles, and formed apoptotic bodies after matrine treatment. Western blotting analysis showed that expressions of Bax, caspase-3 and caspase-9 increased, while that of Bcl-2 decreased as the drug concentration gradually increased. The study suggests that matrine could induce human medulloblastoma D341 cells apoptosis and inhibit the cells proliferation in vitro by activating Bax, caspase-3 and caspase-9 and reducing Bcl-2 expression.
Evaluating the Utility of a Psychoeducational Serious Game (SPARX) in Protecting Inuit Youth From Depression: Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND

Inuit youth in Northern Canada show considerable resilience in the face of extreme adversities. However, they also experience significant mental health needs and some of the highest adolescent suicide rates in the world. Disproportionate rates of truancy, depression, and suicide among Inuit adolescents have captured the attention of all levels of government and the country. Inuit communities have expressed an urgent imperative to create, or adapt, and then evaluate prevention and intervention tools for mental health. These tools should build upon existing strengths, be culturally appropriate for Inuit communities, and be accessible and sustainable in Northern contexts, where mental health resources are often scarce.

OBJECTIVE

This pilot study assesses the utility, for Inuit youth in Canada, of a psychoeducational e-intervention designed to teach cognitive behavioral therapy strategies and techniques. This serious game, SPARX, had previously demonstrated effectiveness in addressing depression with Māori youth in New Zealand.

METHODS

The Nunavut Territorial Department of Health sponsored this study, and a team of Nunavut-based community mental health staff facilitated youth’s participation in an entirely remotely administered pilot trial using a modified randomized control approach with 24 youths aged 13-18 across 11 communities in Nunavut. These youth had been identified by the community facilitators as exhibiting low mood, negative affect, depressive presentations, or significant levels of stress. Entire communities, instead of individual youth, were randomly assigned to an intervention group or a waitlist control group.

RESULTS

Mixed models (multilevel regression) revealed that participating youth felt less hopeless (<i>P</i>=.02) and engaged in less self-blame (<i>P</i>=.03), rumination (<i>P</i>=.04), and catastrophizing (<i>P</i>=.03) following the SPARX intervention. However, participants did not show a decrease in depressive symptoms or an increase in formal resilience indicators.

CONCLUSIONS

Preliminary results suggest that SPARX may be a good first step for supporting Inuit youth with skill development to regulate their emotions, challenge maladaptive thoughts, and provide behavioral management techniques such as deep breathing. However, it will be imperative to work with youth and communities to design, develop, and test an Inuit version of the SPARX program, tailored to fit the interests of Inuit youth and Elders in Canada and to increase engagement and effectiveness of the program.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05702086; https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05702086
MUSTAQILLIK YILLARIDA FITRATNING ASARLARINING AHAMIYATI ( "OILA" ASARI MISOLODA)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Ushbu maqolada ma’naviy tarbiyaning Abdurauf Fitratning “Oila” asaridagi pedagogik qarashlari mazmuni, ota-ananing haq-huquqlari, farzand tarbiyasi,er-xotin va farzandlarning o’zaro munosabati oilaning jamiyatdagi o’rni, ma’naviy-axloqiy tarbiyaning insonlar komilligiga ta’siri xususida so’z yurutilgan.
Propylparaben Induces Reproductive Toxicity in Human Extravillous Trophoblast Cells via Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Pathways

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Parabens (PBs), especially propylparaben, commonly used in consumer products, pose environmental and health concerns. This study explored propylparaben's cytotoxicity on HTR-8/SVneo human trophoblast cells, revealing significant dose-dependent cytotoxic effects, particularly post 48-h exposure. Elevated propylparaben levels triggered apoptosis, evidenced by increased Bax and activated Caspase-3, and induced the G0/G1 cell cycle arrest. Concurrently, an increase in reactive oxygen species and reduced mitochondrial membrane potential indicated oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. Although N-acetylcysteine (NAC) treatment reduced oxidative stress, cell invasiveness persisted, suggesting propylparaben might affect cell migration through nonoxidative mechanisms. Integrated transcriptome analysis through RNA sequencing revealed 3488 differentially expressed genes affected by propylparaben, highlighting changes in pathways like apoptosis and cell cycle regulation and identifying seven hub genes as potential biomarkers for pregnancy-related complications. This study comprehensively demonstrates the cytotoxic effects of propylparaben on human trophoblast cells, notably through apoptosis induction and cell cycle disruption, thereby providing crucial insights into its potential risks for reproductive health.
A Child with Paraspinal Paraganglioma: A Rare Case Presentation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Biochemical investigations revealed grossly elevated 24-hour urinary normetanephrine (NMN) levels.However, urinary metanephrine was within the normal range ( Table 1).A 2-D electrocardiography showed left ventricular hypertrophy.Fundoscopy was normal.Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) dorsal spine showed a relatively well-defined heterogeneously enhancing soft tissue lesion (47 × 33 × 56 mm) in the left paravertebral region extending from D6 to D8 vertebral level (Figs 1A andB).She was diagnosed as having functional paraspinal thoracic paraganglioma.MRI neck, thorax, and abdomen have similar findings and no evidence of any skeletal /spinal involvement.High-resolution ultrasonography (HRUSG) of the neck and CECT abdomen were also normal, although pediatric patients have a propensity for multiple tumors.Functional imaging as well as genetic testing, could not be performed due to financial constraints.
Localization of AGN-1, which binds to protein phosphatase 6, with tau alternative splicing variants in U1spliceosome

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

We cloned AGN-1 that interacted with protein phosphatase 6 as a molecule highly expressed in nephritic rat kidney. Our previous studies showed that AGN-1 was co-localized with U1-70K, one of U1snRNP, and splicing factor SC35, which was found to participate in the synthesis of tau alternative splicing variants, 4R-tau and 3R-tau. In addition, AGN-1 siRNA treatment resulted in alteration of 4R-tau/3R-tau mRNA ratio in neuronal cells in culture. In this study, we investigated co-localization of AGN-1 and tau alternative splicing variants in U1 spliceosome, composed of U1-70K and U1-A. RNA immunoprecipitation was carried out using nuclear extract prepared from Neuro2a cells and anti-phosphorylated SC35 antibody, followed by RT-PCR to detect tau pre-mRNA/mRNA bound to phosphorylated SC35. To confirm co-localization of SC35, AGN-1, U1-70K, and U1-A, protein immunoprecipitation was also performed with anti-phosphorylated SC35 antibody. RNA immunoprecipitation showed PCR fragments derived from 4R-tau and 3R-tau. Protein immunoprecipitation revealed co-localization of U1-70K, U1-A, AGN-1, and phosphorylated SC35. These results suggest that in U1 spliceosome, AGN-1 may localize with tau alternative splicing variants, 4R-tau and 3R-tau.
Examination Of Online Submission And Peer Review Systems In Terms Of Author Role Capability In Iranian Medical Journals

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background and Aim: Online submission and peer review systems are formal channels of communication among authors, journal editorial boards, and reviewers. The review process starts after authors submit their manuscripts. The aim of this study is to examine the online article submission and peer review systems in terms of the capability in medical journals of Iranian Ministry of Health, and Medical Education. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive survey study, 199 approved Iranian medical journals were examined so that the characteristics of online submission and peer review systems could be investigated. To study author role features, a checklist was developed by the researcher. The data were analyzed by SPSS 18 and Microsoft Excel 2007. Results: The online submission and peer review systems considered in this study had most (84%) of the features of the author role. Among the systems reviewed, Kowsar system had the highest number of features. Conclusion: The results show that the studied systems consider some, but not all, of the required features. To meet the maximum required features of the author role, it seems necessary to take all standard research criteria into account
Meprobamate, Ethanol or Meprobamate-Ethanol Combinations on Performance of Human Subjects Under Delayed Audiofeedback (DAF)

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

(1964). Meprobamate, Ethanol or Meprobamate-Ethanol Combinations on Performance of Human Subjects Under Delayed Audiofeedback (DAF) The Journal of Psychology: Vol. 57, No. 2, pp. 431-436.
An analysis of it-clefts within a Role and Reference Grammar framework

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The it-cleft construction (e.g. "It was Bill that I saw") is generally accepted to be a marked syntactic bi-clausal option which expresses a simple semantic proposition; in terms of information structure, the construction places an element in focus position, within a copular matrix clause. This element receives an exhaustive interpretation; that is, in the case of (1), it is Bill, and only Bill, that was seen. These clefts lack a straightforward mapping between their syntactic, semantic and pragmatic structures and as a result are a prime construction to illustrate the advantages of Role and Reference Grammar which is able to bring these aspects together in a coherent analysis.\nThis paper begins with a brief overview of the literature on it-clefts. Following this, an approach to the study of it-clefts in English from a Role and Reference Grammar theory perspective (following Van Valin and LaPolla 1997, 2003) is presented and several key issues highlighted. The analysis also draws from work by Lambrecht (2001) and Davidse (2000). It is demonstrated that a comprehensive account of it-cleft constructions needs to take into account both the way that clefts exploit the copular verb and their relationship to their non-cleft counterpart sentences.
Living Organism (Animal) Patents

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Animal Patents refers to the granting of utility patents to higher animals. The application of patents to animals is a recent development in patent law with the first formal decision (in the United States) dating to only 1987. This extension of patent law raises for some legal, practical, and moral issues, yet others see patent protection as an essential incentive for the development of specialized animals for uses in medical research, medicine production, agricultural/aquaculture uses, and even pets. By 2004, some 600 animal patents had been granted worldwide, 80% in the United States, and most relating to "animal models" for medical research. Indeed, the first animal patent in 1987, for the "Harvard" mouse, was for cancer research. The World Trade Organization agreement, while specifying minimal Intellectual Property Rights protection allowable in member states, does specifically allow countries to exclude patents for animals while offering no alternative protection systems. Hence, besides the United States and European Union (EPO members), only three countries presently allow patents for animals. Animal patents are likely to remain geographically limited for some time, but scientific advances and commercial realities will eventually lead to pressures on governments to grant protection. Public opinion surveys show the best acceptance for patented animals providing clear benefits to humans.
On the problem of possible last-glacial forest-refuge-areas within the deep valleys of eastern Tibet

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Zusammenfassung: Zum Problem der Existenz letzteiszeitlicher Waldrefugien in den tiefen Talern Osttibets Aufgrund des bei sechs Expeditionen gewonnenen Materials wird die Frage untersucht, ob es auf dem Tibetischen Plateau letzteiszeitliche Waldrefugien gegeben hat, oder ob diese nur an der Peripherie des Plateaus zu erwarten sind. Die Aussagen beruhen auf pollenanalytischen Studien hochgelegener Moore, die seit dem Ubergang von der Letzten Eiszeit in das Holozan oder mindestens seit dem unmittelbaren Beginn des Holozans gewachsen sind, auf dendroklimatologischen Untersuchungen eines sehr umfangreichen Probennetzwerkes verschiedener Nadelholzarten und auf florengeographischen Analysen anhand der vorliegenden Literatur. Es wurden die folgenden Resultate erzielt: 1) Alle drei methodischen Ansatze legen die Schlussfolgerung nahe, dass wahrend des Hochstandes der Letzten Eiszeit in dem Gebiet der oberen meridionalen Stromfurchen ein oder mehrere Waldrefugien bestanden haben. Dies erweist die Einwanderungsgeschichte wichtiger Holzarten in einem 60 bis 180 km von den meridionalen Stromfurchen im Nordosten gelegenen Moor, aber auch die Herausbildung offenbar eigenstandiger physiologischer Baumrassen dort und die heutige Verbreitung endemischer Pflanzentaxa, die zu einem betrachtlichen Teil Waldarten sind. 2) Es ist unklar, ob es sich nur um ein einziges Refugium oder um mehrere gehandelt hat. 3) Die eigentliche Geschichte derartiger Refugien bleibt gegenwartig unbekannt, da geeignete Stellen, an denen sich tiefere Seen oder auch lange wachsende Moore gebildet oder erhalten hatten, in den meridionalen Stromfurchen fehlen.
English use in Brunei: Investigating the Gen Z

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Neoteric studies on the sociolinguistics of Brunei point to a changing linguistic scene that sees English growing in terms of popularity and importance particularly among young Bruneians. So popular is the language that some are also claiming to speak it as their mother tongue. This article seeks to explore this matter further by investigating contemporaneous English use vis-à-vis Malay in Brunei among Generation Z Bruneians. The findings reveal that young Bruneians are highly competent multilinguals, who hold English in high regard. Consequently, they claim English to be the language they are most proficient in. However, what is most intriguing is their association of English with the Bruneian identity, something that was almost unheard of before.
An Analysis of Current Situation of Industrial Land Use in Chizhou Economic and Technological Development Zone

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper analyzes the current situation of industrial land supply, use and structure and industry pattern in Chizhou Economic and Technological Development Zone, and selects 83 typical enterprises which can reflect the comprehensive industrial land utilization within this zone and the problems in economical and intensive utilization, to carry out the evaluation of economical and intensive utilization of industrial land. Based on the evaluation results, we find the problems in industrial land use and set forth corresponding recommendations in order to provide a reference for the future sustained land use in the development zone.
Calentamiento para la actividad físico-deportiva. Sus fundamentos metodológicos dentro del proceso de enseñanza

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Professors of physical activities play an important role educating \nchildren and young people to do exercises. The limited time available \nin the Physical Education class is one of the reasons for the which \nthere is not provide sufficient attention to warming and with this is \ngetting reducing the time in which the subjects be able to design \nby itself the warming and start to warm while wait for the rest of \nthe group. Taking into consideration the insufficiencies detected in \nobservations developed in sport activities and games developed \nin extracurricular schedule of the students, these orientations are \ndedicated for the efficient development of different aspects from \nthe ones the teachers should provide their knowledges inside the \nprocess for the improvement of its quality, there for the objective \nproposed was, to identify the importance of warming in the physical \nsport activity and to found the methodological principles of teaching \nprocess. Warming should be conditioned to facilitate the gateway to \nwork and thereby avoid possible injuries, contractures and muscle \npulls that could be inconvenient for next days. Uncomfortable and \ndolorous exercises which leave footmarks in the musculature, are \nnot realizable that be repeated as a voluntary form in the future. \nIt is necessary to prevent the body from a period of readjusted \nbetween the relative rest state and activity, and the same way \nfrom the exercise to the rest, as prevented sizes. The benefits that \nprovide to health refuse some diseases and deliver a healthy life
Role of oral appliances in treatment of obstructive sleep apnea patient: a review

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Human beings spend approximately one third of their lives sleeping.Sleep disruption caused by breathing disorders is recognized as an important global health issue because of its prevalence and association with disease development and death.Sleep apneas are classified into three types; obstructive, central, and mixed.Obstructive apneas are the most common type, and result from the collapse or obstruction of the oropharyngeal region of the upper airway.The most common symptoms associated with obstructive sleep apnea are loud snoring, disrupted sleep, and excessive daytime sleepiness.The treatment modalities consist of both surgical and nonsurgical methods.The nonsurgical approaches to treatment include weight loss, , continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and oral appliances which include tongue retainer appliance and mandibular advancement appliance. .Oral appliances have become increasingly popular for treatment of the obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, because of being a valuable alternative for treatment of patients who are not able to tolerate CPAP, due to its side effects.