jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
THE CONFIGURATION AVERAGE OF THE GROUND STATE ENERGY OF AN ISOTOPICALLY DISORDERED LATTICE, INCLUDING THE CONTRIBUTION FROM CUBIC AND QUARTIC ANHARMONIC TERMS IN THE POTENTIAL ENERGY OF THE LATTICE. APPLICATION TO A LINEAR CHAIN AND THE PARTICULAR CASE OF A HYDROGEN-DEUTERIUM MIXTURE. Technical Report 219

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Deviations from the laws of perfect solutions were observed in mixtures of light isotopes such as H/sub 2/--D/sub 2/ and He/sup 3/--He/sup 4/ mixtures. The free energy of the disordered state appeared to be always greater than that of the pure isotopes so that phase separation occurred below a certain critical temperature. An expression was obtained for the configuration average of the ground state energy of an isotopically disordered lattice, taking into account the cubic and quartic anharmonic terms in the expansion of the potential energy of the lattice in powers of the nuclear displacements. This result was applied to the case of a linear chain and the difference between the ground state energy of a disordered linear chain and that of the separated components was calculated for the particular case of an equimolecular mixture of hydrogen and deuterium. The calculation was carried out to second order in the parameter mu which represents the deviation of the isotopic masses from the mean mass of the lattice. This enabled a comparison to be made of this result with that of Prigogine et al. It was found that the difference between the ground state energy of the disordered state and that ofmore » the separated phases has the value 10.38 cals/mole. The anharmonic contribution to the ground state energy caused this difference to be less than in the harmonic approximation. (auth)« less
Classification and interpretation of Radar Weather Echoes in India

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

In the paper, a classification of various types of radar- weather echoes in tropics has been attempted. The different types of precipitation echoes have been categorised under the head-(l) Feature type, (2) Synoptic type and (3) Seasonal type. In order to be able to distinguish the real precipitation echoes from those due to super-refraction etc, the various types of non-precipitation echoes have been described in the second part of the paper. Classification of radar echoes has been attempted with a view to provide guidance material to meteorologists in India in the identification and interpretation of radar-weather echoes. It is based on the data so fat collected in India and is likely to be changed or modified as more experience is gained.
Sinusoidal model based speaker identification using VQ and DHMM

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this work, we propose a new set of features, sinusoidal model features, for speaker identification. The performance of the features is evaluated using vector quantization (VQ) and discrete hidden Markov model (DHMM) for a speaker database with 20 speakers. Fifty speech utterances of duration 2 seconds each are recorded from each speaker for design and testing. Eighty percent of the speech data is used for training and twenty percent of the speech data issued for testing purpose. The speaker identification using sinusoidal model feature (amplitude) presents 98% speaker recognition for the test set by the vector quantization classifier. The frequency, phase features presents maximum of 79% and 32% recognition accuracy respectively.
Analysis of non-linear shallow water equations discretized on Arakawa C-grids

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

To model the behaviour of flow and waves in three dimensions, one may use the Navier-Stokes equations. These equations leads to the shallow water equations, when the depth is much smaller than the wavelength. The shallow water equations are depth-integrated Navier-Stokes equations, and they depict in general a two dimensional wave which can not vary with the depth. Storm surges and tidal waves are described by the shallow water equations. When we want to make a forecast of these waves, it is beneficial to use shallow water equations discretized on a Arakawa C-grid. Fourier methods have been used to study the stability of the solutions for constant depths. In this master thesis, we will study the stability of numerical methods for solving the shallow water equations, investigating the eigenvalues of the propagation matrices of a few grid cells. The effects of variable depths and non-linear terms are addressed. For the constant depths cases, the eigenvalues are purely imaginary. In the non-linear cases, the eigenvalues may have non- zero real components, which may give growth or damping of the solutions. By building on the two-cell case, the three- and the four-cell cases are explored in detail. With the three- cell case we introduce the non-linear term, which have the potential to change the stability. For this case, we show a skew-symmetric form for the non-linear shallow water equations by combining the flux and advective forms in the three cell case. This form does not work on variable depths. The four-cell case is discussed to great extent, as it is set up differently than the two- and three-cell case. The behaviour of the eigenvalues have been important to study the stability of the cases. To understand the modes of the cases, the eigenvectors have been interpreted. The condition of skew-symmetry for the non- linear variable depths cases might be a too strong restriction, as the modes do not disperse to different frequencies. This is contrary to the behaviour of real waves, where we have interaction between different modes.
Motion of Fluid Particles in Perturbed Shear Flows

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The motion of fluid particles in shear flows perturbed by unamplifying traveling sinusoidal waves is considered. The analogy between the formulation of the problem in terms of the stream function and the Hamiltonian dynamics is pointed out. An exact analytical solution is obtained for a perturbed mixing-layer type flow. For a perturbed wake type flow, an approximate analytical solution is obtained by employing the method of canonical transformation due to Hori.
Supplementary Experimental Procedures, Supplementary Figures 1-7, Supplementary Tables 1-2 from B7-H4(B7x)–Mediated Cross-talk between Glioma-Initiating Cells and Macrophages via the IL6/JAK/STAT3 Pathway Lead to Poor Prognosis in Glioma Patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<p>Supplementary Figure 1. Expression of B7-H4 in GBM from TCGA database. Supplementary Figure 2. WB analysis of GIMs, normal microglia, Model GL261 and Vitro GL261 Supplementary Figure 3. IL-6 and IL-10 expression pattern in serum, CSF, and the glioma microenvironment. Supplementary Figure 4. WB analysis of BV2 microglia stimulated with CD133+ supernatant Supplementary Figure 5. IL-6/Stat3/B7-H4 signal transduction pathway. Supplementary Figure 6. GIMs enriched from CD133+ cells induced inhibition of T cell function via B7-H4 in vitro. Supplementary Figure 7. Outline for the increase of B7-H4 expression by immunosuppressive cross talk between CD133+ cells and GIMs. Supplementary Table 1. Clinical characteristics of the patients for serum, CSF and tissue Supplementary Table 2. Clinical characteristics of the new diagnosed GBM patients for survival analysis</p>
Developing a Clinical Informatics System which Supports a Model of Partnership among Caregivers, Patients, and Families

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Partnership Care Delivery is an evidence-based practice model being developed at this institution. It emphasizes interdisciplinary collaboration, in which all members of the healthcare team work with the patient as active participants in care processes. In order to achieve true partnership among disciplines, and to engage the patient and family, it was important to create supportive clinical informatics. The new system will provide access to scientifically sound information and empower synergy of interdisciplinary teams united as partners with patients and families through shared information.
Analyzing the Benefits of Hotel Rewards Programs: A Case Study of the Luxury Hotel Industry in Korea

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

리워즈 프로그램(Rewards Program)은 고객에게 회원이라는 소속감을 고취시키고 다양한 혜택을 제공함으로써 기존 고객의 유지 및 신규 고객의 유치를 위한 필수적인 마케팅 도구로 활용되고 있다. 최근 호텔 간의 치열한 경쟁과 글로벌 OTAs(Online Travel Agencies)의 영향력이 높아지고 자체 리워즈 프로그램 출시까지 더해지면서 각 호텔은 리워즈 프로그램의 리뉴얼을 통해 대응하고 있다. 그러나 호텔 리워즈 프로그램의 효과적인 설계를 위해서는 리워즈 프로그램의 성과에 영향을 미치는 요인에 대한 보다 구체적인 정보가 요구되고 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 사례연구(Case study)를 적용하여 호텔 리워즈 프로그램을 구성하는 다양한 측면 가운데 혜택(Benefits)에 초점을 맞추어 다음과 같은 절차로 분석을 진행하였다. 첫째, 본 연구의 목적에 맞는 호텔의 리워즈 프로그램 사례를 사례연구의 원칙에 부합할 수 있도록 선정하였고 선정된 호텔의 리워즈 프로그램에 대한 자료를 수집하였다. 둘째, 수집된 자료를 바탕으로 각 호텔의 리워즈 프로그램에서 제공되는 혜택에 대해 Shanshan, Wilco와 Eric(2011)에서 제시된 주요 혜택(core benefits), 일부 공통된 혜택(partially common benefits), 고유 혜택(some unique benefits)의 세 가지 유형으로 분류하였다. 셋째, 분류된 혜택에 대해 비교 분석하고 향후 호텔의 리워즈 프로그램 운영에 기여할 수 있는 실무적 시사점 및 관련 연구를 위한 학술적 시사점을 도출하였다.
Alburnus caeruleus Heckel 1843

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Alburnus caeruleus Heckel, 1843 [N]—Black Spotted Bleak; Daffaf Taxonomy. Original description: Alburnus caeruleus Heckel, 1843a: 1084 (94) [Aleppo, Syria; syntypes: NMW 16688 (4), 55511-13 (2, 2, 2), 57161 (3);?RMNH 2656 (4); SMF 100 (4)].—Syrian synonyms: Alburnoides recepi Turan, Kaya, Ekmekçi & Doğan, 2014.—Revisions: None.—Illustration: Heckel (1843b: pl. 11, fig. 3). Status in Syria. Recorded from Syria in original description by Heckel (1843a: 1085); subsequently reported by Gruvel (1931); Beckman (1962: 87); Ali (2003); Taha (2005).—Syrian material: BMNH, NMW, MSL. Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Syria: Tigris, Euphrates and Qweik River drainages.—Distribution in River Basin: 1-Dajleh & Khabour, 2-Euphrates & Aleppo.—General distribution: Asia Minor and Middle East: Tigris, Euphrates and Qweik River drainages (Turkey, Syria, Iraq, and Iran).—Distribution in Ecoregion: 441-Lower Tigris & Euphrates, 442-Upper Tigris & Euphrates.—Habitat: This species is found in streams, rivers, and lakes with moderate to slow currents. Also inhabits reservoirs. Freshwater. Economic importance. No commercial importance. Conservation. Conservation status in Syria: Unknown.—IUCN: LC (IUCN 2023).—Threats: There are many threats in the area inhabited by this species, but none is so strong to considerably impact the global population of this fish.—Low sensitivity to human activities.—Keystone species.—Decline status: Stable.—Low priority for conservation action.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INDEBTEDNESS AND THE SPECIALTY CHOICES OF GRADUATING MEDICAL STUDENTS

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Analysis of data from the 1992 GQ has shown that educational debt was not a factor significantly influencing most graduates' specialty choices . . . As a strong or major influence, debt affected the specialty choices of only 6.2% of the 1992 graduates who had decided on a specialty. However, for students with debts of $75,000 or more, debt became more important, having a strong or major influence on the choices of surgical (13.9%) and support (20.3%) specialties. Although the effects of debt on specialty choice were found to be small . . . it is disturbing to note that over 20% of medical school graduates have such levels of indebtedness. Length of residency training, as a factor affecting specialty choice, generally was a strong or major influence for only 9.0% of respondents. However, this number increased to 20.5% for respondents with debts of $75,000 or more who planned generalist specialty certification, suggesting that high debt turned students toward, as well as away from, the generalist specialties.
History of diagnosis and treatment of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is an inherited heart disease characterized by abnormal myocardial hypertrophy. It is the most common cause of sudden cardiac death. The authors describe the main historical events from ancient times to the present including the first mention of HCM and history of development of diagnostic and treatment methods. Historical stages of demonstrate evolution of concepts about the essence of disease and development of diagnostic and treatment methods.
Early Sirolimus-Based Immunosuppression is Safe for Lung Transplantation Patients: Retrospective, Single Arm, Exploratory Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND Sirolimus, a mechanistic target of sirolimus inhibitor, is an immunosuppression medication for patients undergoing heart and abdominal transplantation. Sirolimus-based immunosuppression administered de novo post-lung transplantation is associated with bronchial anastomosis healing-related complications. We hypothesized that sirolimus administration within the first postoperative month in selected lung transplant recipients is safe and may be associated with favorable short-term and long-term outcomes due to its anti-proliferative properties and minimal adverse side effects. MATERIAL AND METHODS Thirteen patients (13.3%; mean age, 46.8±11.9 years) received early sirolimus-based immunosuppression along with cyclosporine and prednisone; 10 patients received single-lung transplantation, 3 received double-lung transplantation, and all received induction immunosuppressants. Patients received early sirolimus-based immunosuppression after an uncomplicated postoperative course and detailed bronchoscopic assessment. RESULTS Sirolimus was begun on a mean of 20.6±4.7 days postoperatively (range, 14-32 days). The in-hospital and 30-day mortality rate was 0%. At long-term follow-up, 5 patients died (due to bacterial infection in 4 patients and pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia in 1 patient). The mean overall survival was 4.4±2.53 (range, 0.8-10.0) years, 1-year survival was 92%, and 5-year survival was 62%. In 4 patients (30.8%), sirolimus was stopped due to infection in 3 patients and re-transplantation in 1 patient. Only one of the 13 patients developed bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome. In patients still taking sirolimus, renal function, systolic blood pressure, and lipid profile were within normal ranges; however, these patients required statin therapy. CONCLUSIONS In selected lung transplant recipients, early sirolimus-based immunosuppression is safe and associated with beneficial short-term and long-term outcomes.
A Comparative Analysis of the Data on Western Foreign Fighters in Syria and Iraq: Who Went and Why?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This report offers a concise, comprehensive, and critical overview of the empirical findings available on the background and possible motivations foreign fighters. It focuses on the young Western men and women who became jihadist foreign fighters in Syria and Iraq. The analysis compares thirty-four reports and academic articles published between 2014 and 2019. The analysis focuses on demographic factors, socio-economic marginalisation, past criminality, mental health issues, and ideology/ religion. The report summarises the findings, delineates the methodological limitations, and identifies interpretive biases present in much the research.
Spectrofluorimetric and Spectrophotometric Analysis of Two Analgesic Drugs in Pharmaceutical Formulations and Biological Fluids

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Simple, reliable, sensitive, and accurate spectrofluorimetric and spectrophotometric methods were proposed for the determination of two selected analgesic drugs, namely tramadol and morphine, in pharmaceuticals and biological fluids. The proposed methods were based on the oxidation of the studied drugs by Cerium (Ce)IV in an acidic medium. The spectrofluorimetric method is based on measuring the relative fluorescence intensity of Ce(III) arising from Ce(IV) at 350 nm with an excitation wavelength at 250 nm. The spectrophotometric method involves on addition of a known excess of Ce(IV) to the studied drugs in an acid medium, followed by the determination of residual Ce(IV) by reacting with a fixed amount of methyl orange and measuring the absorbance at 510 nm. Different variables affecting the reaction conditions, such as the concentrations of Ce(IV) , type and concentration of the acid medium, reaction time, temperature, and the diluting solvents, were carefully studied and optimized.
Women on the verge. The carnivalization, the grotesque and the construction of the female characters in Almodóvar’s movies.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This study focuses on the work of Spanish filmmaker Pedro Almodóvar in the context of Mikhail Bakhtin’s dialogical analysis. The objective is to discuss the presence of this analysis in the construction of Almodovarian characters who transgressively break with manichaeism, characteristic of Hollywood style, thus creating a more complex character.
The Stages of Christian Mysticism and Buddhist Purification: Interior Castle of St Teresa of Ávila and the Path of Purification of Buddhaghosa

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Lance S.Cousins There have been many attempts to define or describe the nature of mystical experience: some have argued for a uniform mystical goal, others have asserted the uniqueness of some particular type of mystical experience, still others have sought to erect a hierarchy of stages or levels of mystical experience either within one religion or across the boundaries of traditions.1 No real consensus has yet been reached.
Enhancing Mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) Performance with Optimized Nitrogen and Sulphur Levels

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

An experiment was conducted to study the impact of nitrogen and sulphur levels on the performance of mungbean. The experiment consisted of two factors viz. nitrogen levels and sulphur levels. The nitrogen application included four levels viz., N1: RDN @ 30 kg N ha-1; N2: Foliar application of Nano-urea @ 2 ml/L of water at 20-25 DAS; N3: Foliar application of Nano-urea @ 2 ml/L of water at 40-45 DAS and N4: Foliar application Nano-Urea @ 2 ml/L of water at 60-65 DAS whereas Sulphur application included three levels viz., S0: 0 kg ha-1; S1:15 kg ha-1 and S2: 30 kg ha-1 which was applied through Gypsum. The results showed that application of N3 resulted in higher performance of Mungbean in terms of growth parameters viz., plant height, DMA and LAI, yield attributes and yield. This indicates the importance of applying nano urea at the optimal growth stage to meet the crop's nutrient demands during critical periods of development. Likewise, increasing sulphur levels from S0 to S2 showed a positive effect on crop performance, with the highest results observed at 30 kg sulphur ha-1 S2.
Right hemisphere dominance for auditory attention and its modulation by eye position: An event related fMRI study

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Purpose: Previous neuroimaging studies of oddball tasks and other paradigms measuring attention processes support right hemisphere dominance for attentional processes. Using an auditory selective attention task, we studied the functional asymmetry of the human brain in response to attended or unattended deviant tones. Secondly, we examined whether a congruency or a discrepancy between audio-spatial and visuo-spatial cued attentional resources may influence the activity elicited by an auditory selective attention task. Methods: We used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to study healthy adults as they performed an auditory oddball task in which a spatial-cued instruction indicated the ear to attend a monaural deviant tone. We addressed the question of congruency/discrepancy between attentional resources by using three different eye positions during the performance of the auditory oddball task. Results: Relative to standard tones, both attended and unattended deviant tones (DTs) presented to either ear elicit the activation of a widespread bilaterally distributed cortical and subcortical network. A subset of this network, essentially frontal and temporal areas, showed not only greater right than left activity but an enhancement of this rightward asymmetry in response to attended DTs. The only cortical region that showed a leftward asymmetry in response to attended DTs overlapped Heschl gyrus and planum temporale, unmasking a left hemisphere preference of both primary and secondary auditory cortex for processing simple attended monaural stimuli. Questioning the impact of eye position during auditory oddball task, we observed a lesser activity in right integrative crossmodal areas (superior temporal sulcus, opercular part of the inferior frontal gyrus, pre-SMA) when the eye positions were contralateral to detected DTs. These regions may be tuned to best respond when both visuo-spatial and audio-spatial attentional resources work together. Conclusion: These results support the assumption that the right hemisphere is preferentially engaged in processing audio-spatial attentional resources and underline the interest to study the crossmodal integration of attentional resources by the mean of the detection of DTs in different eye positions.
FIGURE 37. Linckia and Ophidiaster armatus A in New Ecological Observations and Occurrence for Asteroidea and Echinoidea in Hong Kong

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

FIGURE 37. Linckia and Ophidiaster armatus A. In situ observation, O. armatus abactinal surface. B. Six rayed variant of O. armatus from Ninepin Islands, Hong Kong. C. In situ observation of L. laevigata. Photographer: A and C: Sam King Fung Yiu; B: Max Leung.
Customized courseware design and development using iPad for emotional learning

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs), a neuro-developmental disability in children is a cause of major concern. Children with ASDs often find it difficult to express and recognize emotions, which makes it hard for them to interact socially. Conventional methods use medicinal means, special education and behavioral analysis. They are not always successful and are usually expensive. There is a significant need to develop technology-based methods for effective intervention and cure. This report proposes the use of game based learning through the medium of tablet personal computers like Apple Inc.’s iPad to teach Social Emotional Learning (SEL) to children with ASDs and others special needs.