jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Assessing Southern Flying Squirrel, Glaucomys volans, habitat selection with kernel home range estimation and GIS

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Information on habitat selection behavior is vital to effective conservation and management of native terrestrial fauna, particularly in disturbed, fragmented habitats.Application of the kernel probability density estimation method to the description of animal home ranges, coupled with the mapping and analytical capabilities available in geographic information systems, allow researchers to gain a degree of insight into species' habitat use that has not previously been possible.This paper provides examples of habitat selection analyses performed using home range contours produced in the program KERNELHR and input into the Geographic Resources Analysis Support System (GRASS) where home range contours were overlain on habitat maps.Data for the examples were taken from a study of the Southern Flying Squirrel (Glaucomys volans) in fragmented forests in Arkansas, where flying squirrels were tracked by radiotelemetry on five study areas during spring and summer 1994-1996.However, the methods described here may also be applied similarly to other terrestrial vertebrates.
Efficacy of noninvasive multisource radiofrequency treatment on periorbital rhytids using an imaging device

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of the multisource radiofrequency in periorbital wrinkles treatment using a VISIA imager. Methods This is a prospective cohort study involving 30 sites in 15 patients. Inclusion criteria: healthy subjects with periorbital wrinkles. Patients underwent five treatment sessions for each site using multisource radiofrequency. VISIA imager was used before and after each treatment, and in 12‐week follow‐up. The wrinkle scores were calculated and compared between baseline and 12‐week follow‐up. Changing in periorbital wrinkles were evaluated by blinded dermatologist using a scale of 0–3. After the study, patients rated their satisfaction using a scale of 0–3. The study protocol was approved by our institutional human research review committee, according to the ethics guideline of Helsinki (1975). Results The effect of treatment on subjects on follow‐up compared to baseline showed a highly significant difference with P ‐values <0.05. Only two patients had no improvement according to blind dermatologist assessment of photographs. Thirteen patients reported satisfaction scale between 1 and 3. Conclusions The multisource radiofrequency is safe and effective in reducing periorbital rhytids, and with the help of VISIA imager we can get more objective data to evaluate the efficacy of radiofrequency treatment on the periorbital areas. Lasers Surg. Med. 51:251–255, 2019. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Various roles and regulatory mechanisms of the ERF family genes involved in plant development and stress response

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

APETALA2/ethylene response factor (AP2/ERF) transcription factors are involved in biological and abiotic stress response, plant development, and growth.AP2/ERF genes are classified into five families (AP2, DREB, ERF, RAV, and soloist), and most genes belong to DREB and ERF families.So far, genomic analysis of DREB and ERF family genes of various plant species has been performed, and classifications based on the homology of AP2/ERF-specific DNA binding domain, arrangement of exons and introns, and similarity of group-specific conserved motifs have been conducted.These classifications provide plausible information for the prediction of AP2/ERF gene function.In this paper, an overview of the classification, structure, evolution, and function of AP2/ERF genes is described, and the functional properties and regulatory mechanisms of ERF family genes that have been identified are summarized by group according to the functional classification of Arabidopsis ERF family genes.This shows that group-specific conserved motifs of Arabidopsis ERF family genes are closely linked with group-specific functions and regulatory mechanisms, indicating that the effective functional prediction of ERF family genes through such a classification scheme can be usefully applied to the trait improvements of various plants.
The effects of India and China on the sustainability of palm oil production in Indonesia: Towards a better understanding of the dynamics of regional sustainability governance

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract There is a growing awareness and interest among scholars of the important role China and India can play in governing globalisation of economy. Recent literature has tended to emphasise the divergent development outcomes of producer and supplier countries engaged in value chains led by China and India. The different market preferences and legitimacy of private‐driven governance of China and India from developed economies such as the European Union and the United States bring about unsustainable development of countries supplying for China and India. Taking empirical evidence from Indonesian palm oil industry, this paper argues, on the contrary, that Indonesian palm oil producers keep commitments to progress towards sustainable production despite the rising importance of India, China, and other Global South economies as buyers and consumers along with the European Union. The Government of Indonesia also takes initiatives to facilitate the palm oil producers to reach a socially optimum sustainability over time. Buyers of China and India tend to require less restrictive sustainability standards of palm oil production than the European Union, but this is a matter of a temporal dimension of their domestic public interest and government policy priority on sustainability governance. The implication for research on sustainability governance in the Global South‐driven regional value chain is that attention should be paid to the lead of producers and their nation‐state in driving the value chains towards sustainable production and supply.
Scoring; *Testlets

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Among the measurement techniques receiving greater attention is the context-dependent item set or testlet. The context-dependent item set consists of a scenario and related test questions. This item format is generally believed to be able to tap higher level thinking. Unfortunately, this item form leads to inter-item dependence within item sets and inflated reliability estimates when items are treated as unrelated. In this study alternative ways to score item sets (number right and max-alpha scoring) are examined with respect to classical reliability and item response theory (IRT) information using both dichotomous and polytomous scoring models. Responses of 2,817 examinees to 17 items in a reading test served as the data set. The results are consistent with previous research showing inflated reliability estimates when context-dependent item sets are treated as stand-alone items. The evidence suggests that the testlet structure of the measure must be taken into account in determining test statistics and examinee scores. (Contains 32 references, 1 table, and 3 figures.) (Author/SLD) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document.
Diagnosis of Erythrocyte Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency in the Negro Male Despite Hemolytic Crisis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract A simple procedure for the diagnosis of erythrocyte glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency in Negro males experiencing hemolytic crisis is described. By measuring enzyme activity in the persisting older erythrocytes, the deficiency can be recognized without having to wait until the hemolytic episode and its reticulocyte response have subsided.
Microencapsulated Red Powders from Cornflower Extract—Spectral (FT-IR and FT-Raman) and Antioxidant Characteristics

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Although the health benefits of cornflower extracts are known, their application in food production has not been widely investigated. This study assessed microencapsulated red powders (RP) prepared from the aqueous extract of blue cornflower petals. Microencapsulation was performed by freeze-drying using various stabilizers, such as maltodextrin, guar gum, and lecithin. The microencapsulated RP were characterized by spectral (FT-IR and FT-Raman), mineral, structural, and antioxidant analyses. The FT-IR and FT-Raman band related to guar gum, lecithin, and maltodextrin dominated over the band characteristic of anthocyanins present in the cornflower petal powders. The main difference observed in the FT-Raman spectra was attributed to a shift of bands which is reflection of appearance of flavium cation forms of anthocyanins. The microencapsulated RP had total phenolic content of 21.6–23.4 mg GAE/g DW and total flavonoid content of 5.0–5.23 mg QE/g. The ABTS radical scavenging activity of the tested powders ranged from 13.8 to 20.2 EC50 mg DW/mL. The reducing antioxidant power (RED) of the powders was estimated at between 31.0 and 38.7 EC50 mg DW/mL, and OH• scavenging activity ranged from 1.9 to 2.6 EC50 mg DW/mL. Microencapsulated cornflower RP can be valuable additives to food such as sweets, jellies, puddings, drinks, or dietary supplements.
Clinical Trial of Cephaloridine (Ceporin), a New Broad-spectrum Antibiotic Derived from Cephalosporin C

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

In a search for new antibiotic substances, Brotzu isolated a fungus from the sea near a sewage outfall in Sardinia in 1945.He used an extract of this for the parenteral treatment of patients suffering from typhoid fever and from infection with Brucella melitensis, and appears to have achieved some success.A culture of the organism was received in Oxford, where seven antibiotic substances were isolated from it (Florey, 1955).Three of these were cephalosporin N, a penicillin which is active mainly against Gram-negative organisms and is identical with synnematin B, which has a therapeutic action in typhoid fever ; cephalosporin P, which has a steroid structure and is related to the more recently discovered fusidic acid (fucidin); and cephalosporin C, of which 7-aminocephalosporanic acid is the nucleus (Loder et al., 1961 ; Brit.med.7., 1964).The nucleus of cephalosporin C is closely related to the penicillin nucleus, 6-aminopenicillanic acid, but differs from the latter in having a fused dihydrothiazine /3-lactam ring instead of a fused thiazolidine 83-lactam ring (Loder et al., 1961 ; Barber and Waterworth, 1964).
The Westinghouse solid oxide fuel cell program-a status report

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

A MW-class, commercial prototype Westinghouse tubular solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) power plant is being developed for demonstration by the end of this decade. A 5 MW integrated SOFC/combustion turbine power plant design for distributed power applications is shown which can achieve an efficiency approaching 70%. The recent SOFC technology development advancements supporting the commercial prototype are summarized including the successful scale-up to commercial size of the tubular air electrode supported (AES) cell, performance at both atmospheric and pressurized operating conditions of AES cells, cell lifetime and simplified cell manufacturing processes. Recent operational experience with 25 kW AES-SOFC systems and features of the 100 kW SOFC system that is currently in production using commercial size tubular AES cells are described.
The DIY Movement in Art, Music and Publishing

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This book considers the history of Do It Yourself art, music and publishing, demonstrating how DIY strategies have transitioned from being marginal, to emergent, to embedded. Through secondary research, observation and 30 original interviews, each chapter analyses one of 15 creative cities (San Francisco, Los Angeles, Dusseldorf, New York, London, Manchester, Cologne, Washington DC, Detroit, Berlin, Glasgow, Olympia (Washington), Portland (Oregon), Moscow and Istanbul) and assesses the contemporary situation in each in the post-subcultural era of digital and internet technologies. The book challenges existing subcultural histories by examining less well-known scenes as well as exploring DIY "best practices" to trace a template of best approaches for sustainable, independent, locally owned creative enterprises.
The disordered solid phases of potassium cyanide

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Molecular dynamics calculations have been carried out for the orientationally disordered phases of solid potassium cyanide. It has been found that the properties of the simulated crystal are very sensitive to the assumed charge distribution of the cyanide ion and that there is a strong correlation between the static and dynamic consequences of assumptions about the form of the interionic potential. Results are reported for the orientational distribution of the cyanide ions and for time correlation functions relevant to polarised Raman and inelastic neutron scattering experiments. The anomalous dispersion characteristic of transverse acoustic phonons in phase I is shown to be reproducible, but no single model has been found that will account for all the existing experimental data.
Analysis of Cesarean section delivery in Ain Shams University hospital according to the Robson’s 10-group classification system

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Cesarean delivery is increasing worldwide in the last few years, unnecessary CS is a growing problem affecting both developed as well as developing countries. There is no benefits either to mother or neonate when the procedure is not medically indicated. The ideal rate of CS is considered between 10%-15%, beyond which there is no benefits for either mother or fetus. However recent studies showed a much higher rate of CS. WHO proposes that health care facilities use the Robson's 10 group classification system to monitor their CS rates. This classification helps to understand the internal structure of the CS rates at each health facilities, the indications in each group and formulate strategies to reduce these rates. Objectives the aim is to describe the frequency of CS delivery in Ain Shams University Maternity Hospital by Robson classification. And to describe maternal and neonatal outcomes. Methods The study was a descriptive cross sectional study conducted at labor ward of Ain Shams University Maternity Hospital (a tertiary care center). All women delivered by CS during a period of six months were recruited and classified into 10-Robson's groups. The overall CS rate were calculated, and also the contribution of each groups to the overall CS rate. Results The highest contribution to the overall CS was by group five 38.98%, followed by group ten 34.20%. While group 9 was lowest frequency 0.50% of overall CS rates. Conclusion s: The use of Robson’s classification system allows to monitor the CS rates which helps to identify the main contributors for the increasing CS rates, also helps to identify the target groups that may benefit from implementations of interventions for reducing CS rates. Women with previous CS were an important determinant of overall CS rates, reducing primary CS rates, counselling for VBAC, encouraging versions when available, could reduce the CS rates.
IN-HOSPITAL OUTCOMES AMONG PATIENTS PRESENTED WITH ST-ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION TREATED WITH PRIMARY PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) is considered the gold standard treatment for patients with ST-elevation myocardial Infarction (STEMI). Prompt intervention, aimed at restoring blood flow, plays a critical role in improving survival and minimizing complications in these patients. Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate in-hospital outcomes among patients diagnosed with STEMI and treated with Primary PCI. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Cardiology Department over one year. The study included patients aged 50 years and older who were diagnosed with STEMI based on electrocardiographic criteria and presented within 12 hours of symptom onset. Demographic information, clinical characteristics, comorbidities, and in-hospital outcomes were recorded. Statistical analyses were performed using relevant descriptive measures. Results: A total of 150 patients were included in the study. The mean age of patients was 60.89 ± 5.65 years, with 64.4% being male. The average door-to-balloon time was 89.93 ± 18.12 minutes. Successful reperfusion, defined as achieving a TIMI grade 3 flow, was observed in 87.8% of the patients. In-hospital mortality was recorded at 4.4%, while 3.3% of patients developed infections during their hospital stay. Conclusion: The study demonstrated favourable in-hospital outcomes for STEMI patients treated with Primary PCI, with a high success rate in achieving TIMI grade 3 flow and a relatively low in-hospital mortality rate. These findings underscore the efficacy of timely PCI in improving survival and procedural outcomes in STEMI patients, particularly when door-to-balloon time is minimized.
The demonstration of an essential role for macrophages in thein vivogeneration of IgG2a antibodies

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

SUMMARY BALB/c mice were depleted of macrophages by intravenous inoculation of dichloromethylene diphosphonate entrapped in liposomes 24 h before primary and 24 h before secondary sensitization intravenously with 100/μg bovine serum albumin (BSA) or ovalbumin (OVA). The effectiveness of macrophage depletion was confirmed by immunocytochemistry. Five days and 14 days after secondary challenge with BSA, plasma samples from these and control mice inoculated with empty liposomes were examined for the production of BSA-specific IgG1 and lgG2a antibodies. Macrophage depletion resulted in a significantly increased production of the Th2 lymphocyte-associated IgG1 isotype, while the production of specific IgG2a antibodies, produced under the influence of Th1 cells, was totally ablated. Similar results were obtained when OVA was used as the test antigen. Furthermore, analysis of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) production after antigen or concanavalin A (Con A) restimulation in vitro indicated that macrophage depletion m vivo significantly reduced production of this Th1 cell-associated cytokine. These results provide strong in vivo and in vitro evidence for the macrophage being the antigen-presenting cell population responsible for Th1 cell activation.
Expression of the senescence biomarker p16INK4a among childhood, adolescent, and young adult cancer survivors.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

10556 Background: The mechanism of accelerated aging among survivors of childhood, adolescent, and young adult cancer is not clearly understood. Cellular senescence may contribute to this process. We measured peripheral blood T lymphocyte p16 INK4a expression, a biomarker of cellular senescence and aging, among pediatric and young adult cancer survivors hypothesizing that p16 INK4a expression is higher due to chemotherapy exposure and among frail survivors. Methods: Two cohorts were enrolled from January 2018 to December 2019 at an academic medical center. One, a cross-sectional cohort of young adult cancer survivors and age-matched, cancer-free controls in whom we assessed p16 INK4a expression and clinical frailty. Frailty was measured with the modified Fried Frailty Index that evaluates skeletal muscle index, weakness, slowness, leisure energy expenditure, and exhaustion. A second cohort underwent prospective measurement of p16 INK4a expression before and after cancer chemotherapy. Eligibility among survivors and newly diagnosed patients required treatment with an alkylating agent, an anthracycline / anthracenedione, or both. Multivariable linear regression was used to model expression of p16 INK4a by patient age at assessment, treatment intensity, and frailty status. Results: The cross-sectional cohort enrolled 60 young adult survivors and 29 age-matched, cancer-free controls with median age 21 years and range 17-29 years for both groups. Survivors were a median of 5.5 years from end of treatment. The prospective cohort enrolled nine newly diagnosed patients (range 1-18 years). Expression of p16 INK4a was higher among young adult cancer survivors as compared to age-matched controls (9.6 v. 8.9 log 2 p16 units, p < 0.01) representing a 25-year age acceleration in the survivors. Expression of p16 INK4a increased among newly diagnosed patients from matched pre- to post-treatment samples (7.3 to 8.9 log 2 p16 units, p = 0.002). Nine survivors (16%) met criteria for being frail and had higher p16 INK4a expression as compared to robust survivors (10.5 [frail] v. 9.5 [robust] log 2 p16 units, p = 0.055). Conclusions: Chemotherapy is associated with increased cellular senescence in pediatric and young adult cancer survivors as reflected in expression of p16 INK4a indicating an increase in molecular age following chemotherapy exposure. The large proportion of frail survivors in this study also exhibited higher levels of p16 INK4a suggesting that cellular senescence may be associated with early aging observed among these survivors.
Ronald Melzack (1929–2019).

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Presents an obituary of Ronald Melzack (1929-2019). Melzack died on Sunday, December 22, 2019, at 10:00 p.m. News of his death spread like wildfire through the network of long-time friends and colleagues who had heard of his imminent passing. At that moment, the world lost a compassionate and caring soul, an advocate for chronic pain sufferers around the globe, and a giant in the international pain community. He is survived by his wife of 59 years, Lucy (nee Birch), their son, Joel, and daughter, Lauren. Ron is known for four major accomplishments: establishing Canada's first multidisciplinary pain center at the Montreal General Hospital with neurosurgeon colleague and friend the late Joseph Stratford; the 1965 publication, in Science, of the gate control theory of pain with the late Patrick Wall; development of the McGill Pain Questionnaire and its derivatives; and later in his career, at 60 years of age, publication of the neuromatrix theory of pain, moving the field beyond the spinal gating mechanism into the brain. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
The decomposability of operators relative to two subspaces

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Let M and N be nonzero subspaces of a Hilbert space H satisfying M ∩ N = {0} and M ∨ N = H and let T ∈ ℬ(H). Consider the question: If T leaves each of M and N invariant, respectively, intertwines M and N, does T decompose as a sum of two operators with t