jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The FAR up to the Special Period, 1959–1990: The Third World’s Most Impressive Armed Force?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The small band of soldiers one sees in so many photographs marching down the Malecón (Havana's magnificent ocean drive) in early January 1959, or accompanying their comandante in his triumphal parade through the smaller cities of Cuba and finally Havana itself in that first week of the new era, does not look much like an army. Instead, its young and grimy ranks seem something of a ragtag affair. But the illusion is just that.KeywordsArmed ForceSpecial PeriodInternal SecurityCentral Intelligence AgencyCompulsory Military ServiceThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Enhancing Corrosion Resistance of Mild Steel in 1M HCl: Investigation of New Benzoxazepine Derivatives Through Synthesis, Electrochemical Analysis, Surface Analysis, XPS, DFT, and Molecular Dynamics Simulation

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract This research delineates the corrosion inhibitory efficiency of two newly synthesized benzoxazepine derivatives – [3,3‐dimethyl‐11‐phenyl‐3,4,5,11‐tetrahydrodibenzo[b,e] [1,4]oxazepine‐1(2 H)‐one (S1)] and [11‐(4‐chlorophenyl)‐3,3‐dimethyl‐3,4,5,11‐tetrahydrodibenzo[b,e][1,4]oxazepine‐1(2 H)‐one (S2)] – on mild steel in 1M HCl milieu. These derivatives were characterized by proton (1H NMR) and carbon (13C NMR) nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The experimental approach encompassed potentiodynamic polarization (PDP) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques. The corrosion inhibition efficacy of S1 and S2 was concentration‐dependent, with their efficiencies peaking at 92.0 % and 92.1 %, respectively, at a 10 −3 M concentration. Surface characterization, conducted using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy‐dispersive X‐ray analysis (EDS), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), contact angle measurements, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), corroborated the formation of a protective barrier layer on the mild steel surface. Additionally, using an inductive approach, UV‐visible spectrometry was employed to elucidate the adsorption behaviors of these inhibitors on the steel surface. Density functional theory (DFT) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were utilized to decipher the interaction mechanisms and adsorption modalities, unveiling critical insights into the interactions of S1 and S2 with the mild steel surface. This comprehensive analysis highlights the robust corrosion inhibition potential of the newly synthesized benzoxazepine derivatives and illuminates their prospective utility as effective inhibitors for mild steel in corrosive environments.
Deep Habits, Price Rigidities, and the Consumption Response to Government Spending

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper studies two frictions, good‐specific habit formation and price rigidities, used in theoretical models to generate the crowding‐in of consumption by expansionary government spending observed in the data. Both frictions generate countercyclical price markups, rising wages, and ensuing consumption–leisure substitution to overcome the negative wealth effect of the fiscal expansion. I demonstrate that while they independently support the rise of consumption, when used together the two frictions exert opposing pressures on the markup and the wage, weakening consumption–leisure substitution. Crucially, when price stickiness is high enough in an economy with “deep” habits, consumption is crowded out by the fiscal expansion.
Oil shale potential surveyed

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTOil shale potential surveyedCite this: Chem. Eng. News 1973, 51, 17, 37Publication Date (Print):April 23, 1973Publication History Published online7 November 2010Published inissue 23 April 1973https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v051n017.p037aCopyright © 1973 AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETYArticle Views3Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (156 KB) SUBJECTS:Lipids,Natural organic matter,Shale Get e-Alerts
The Morphology of Mastigina hylae (Frenzel) from the Intestine of the Tadpole

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This species was first reported from Argentina by Frenzel (1892) who found it in the posterior intestine of a tadpole belonging to the species Hyla pulchella. He named it Tricholimax hylae but R. Goldschmidt later placed it in the genus Mastigina Frenzel. Collin (1913) published an account of the cytology of the free and cyst forms from the tadpoles of the European species Bufo clamita and Alytes sp? The writer has found the same protozoon in the posterior intestine of the tadpoles of Rana clamata and R. catesbiana taken from a little pond on the Princeton University campus. The incidence of infection is rather high. A record of fifty tadpoles examined during October, 1923, showed that that seventy-four percent. were infected with Mastigina hylae. Out of one hundred large
The Use of Disintegration Ratio in Evaluating Rock Durability in Selected Mudrock Samples in Indonesia

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Characterization of durability of mudrocks is important regarding its slaking behaviour within a short time when exposed to and or interact with water. Some relevant cases that occurred due to slaking are damage to roads and slope failures along the Cipularang and Cipali Toll Road. Current engineering activities related to the presence of mudrocks are being and will be held in several locations in Indonesia such as the construction of the Cisumdawu Toll Road in Ujungjaya District, Sumedang and building the National Observatory in Timau District, Kupang. This research is useful for providing engineering considerations related to those activities. The methods used in this research included X-ray diffraction to obtain mineralogy of mudrock, laboratory testing of physical properties of rocks such as dry density, water content, porosity, absorption and mudrocks durability tests. Durability of rocks was determined by disintegration index test. Testing was carried out by wetting and drying of rock samples. Test results showed that the average disintegration ratio of claystones, shales, mudstones and siltstones are 0.1035, 0.2183, 0.4942 and 0.9900. Slaking mode occurs to claystones, mudstones and shales is body slaking while dispersion slaking occurs to siltstones. Evaluation of the durability of mudrocks in this research indicates that siltstones have the highest durability characterized by very slow disintegration, followed by mudstones, shales and claystones at the lowest with very quick disintegration. Disintegration ratio from the disintegration index test characterizes the durability of mudrocks in more details. It can be concluded that porosity and absorption are incorporated into the main factors affecting the durability of mudrocks.
Non-regular Workers in Japan

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This chapter examines the deficiencies of Japanese democratic governance through the perspective of non-regular workers. In Japan, organized labor unions, the labor policymaking system, and electoral competition serve to secure the rights of regular workers at the expense of non-regular workers. As a result, non-regular workers, who constitute nearly 40 percent of the total employed labor force, are excluded from the very institutions that should represent and empower them. The case of Japanese non-regular workers demonstrates that procedurally stable and strong democracies can systematically disempower and underrepresent a large section of the population.Keywords:democracyJapanlabornon-regular workerspart-time workers
Geopolymer Porous Nanoceramics for Structural, for Smart and Thermal Shock Resistant Applications

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract : We have continued our work to understand and elucidate the microstructure of geopolymers and geopolymer composites, as fabricated and upon conversion to ceramics with heating. The microstructure consisted of nanoporous, nanoparticulate precipitates, and contains roughly approximately 40% nanoporosity of average diameter 6.8 nm in the case of K-based geopolymer. The room temperature compressive strengths were systematically investigated as a function of Group I charge balancing cations (Na, K, and Cs and mixtures of Na-K). Potential applications were explored in the area of refractory adhesives between metal, corrosion resistant coatings on steel, glass and ceramics, porous membranes and foams, ceramic armor composites, iron-based geopolymer analogues, geopolymer composites reinforced with chopped polypropylene or basalt fibers, and polycrystalline ceramics or glass-ceramics. The basic science of amorphous geopolymer structure was probed down to the Angstrom level by state of the art Pair Distribution Function analysis (PDF) of X-ray synchrotron data. It revealed that the building blocks of AlO4- and SiO4 units were formed from solution under ambient conditions. The conversions were studied by a range of ceramic powder characterization and processing techniques.
Clinical evaluation of the oxygenation capacity and controllability of 15 commercially available membrane oxygenators during alpha-stat regulated hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Oxygenation performance was tested in 15 membrane oxygenators by calculating the resistance for oxygenation (R) and the calculation of oxygen transferred versus FiO 2 . The clinical data reveal that the SARNS Turbo 440 (36.7-51.9%), the AFFINITY (37.2-50.1 %) and the HF 5400 (37.5-52.3%) are the oxygenators with the lowest FiO 2 settings for comparable amounts of oxygen transferred during hypothermia and during normothermia followed by MAXIMA Plus (39.1-55.8%), MAXIMA Plus PRF (39.1-56.2%), CAPIOX SX 18 (39.7-61.2%), MONOLYTH (43.0-61.3%), OXIM 11-34 (44.1-63.9%), COBE Duo (44.7-64.9%), COBE Optima (47.4-66.4%), COMPACTFLO (48.3-65.3%), SAFE II (49.0-67.6%), UNIVOX (49.8-71.3%), MAXIMA (50.2-70.1 %) and the CM 50 (58.6-77.0%). Similar results were found by calculation of R. HF 5400 (2.41-1.87 mmHg/min/ml O 2 ), AFFINITY (2.63-1.87 mmHg/min/ml O 2 ), OXIM II-34 (2.72-2.45 mmHg/min/ml O 2 ), MAXIMA Plus PRF (2.75-2.07 mmHg/min/ ml O 2 ), COBE Optima (2.83-2.13 mmHg/min/ml O 2 ), UNIVOX (2.84-2.17 mmHg/min/ml O 2 ), MONOLYTH (2.89-2.24 mmHg/min/ml O 2 ), SARNS Turbo 440 (3.03-2.12 mmHg/min/ml O 2 ), MAXIMA Plus (3.09-2.28 mmHg/min/ml O 2 ), SAFE 11 (3.19-2.50 mmHg/min/ml O 2 ), CAPIOX SX 18 (3.27-2.44 mmHg/ min/ml O 2 ), COMPACTFLO (3.41-2.50 mmHg/min/ml O 2 ), MAXIMA (3.53-2.72 mmHg/min/ml O 2 ), COBE Duo (3.57-2.71 mmHg/min/ml O 2 ) and the CM 50 (3.53-2.72 mmHg/min/ml O 2 ). As a measure of controllability of oxygenation, the coefficient of variation on the FiO 2 ordered on the normothermic blood samples was used, giving as a result CAPIOX SX 18 (2.9-2.5%), AFFINITY (3.6-3.5%), COBE Duo (4.3-2.9%), HF 5400 (5.7-4.7%), MAXIMA Plus (8.1- 5.4%), COMPACTFLO (8.2-5.0%), MONOLYTH (8.3-4.0%), MAXIMA (8.7- 3.4%), COBE Optima (9.6-6.8%), SARNS Turbo 440 (10.1-7.3%), MAXIMA Plus PRF (10.9-8.7%), CM 50 (11.9-2.4%), UNIVOX (13.3-8.9%), OXIM 11-34 (15.5-17.3%) and the SAFE II (16.1-9.8%). The low FiO 2 settings and the lower resistance for oxygenation are an indication of the reserve capacity of the oxygenators whose importance is proven by clinical data of emergency perfusions on patients under full resuscitation.
A Strategic Management Approach to Guanxi in China

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This article adopts a strategic management approach to addressing the issue of how to achieve both corporate profitability and corporate social responsibility in dealing with Guanxi in the Chinese business context. It argues that environment scanning, strategy formulation, strategy implementation and strategy evaluation and control should be the key components of strategic management of Guanxi. The article proposes a practical framework for managing Guanxi strategically in the emerging China market, and illustrates the framework with cases in the real world.
Comparison between primary closure and T-tube drainage after open choledocotomy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Common Bile Duct (CBD) exploration for choledocolithiasis is usually closed after T-tube insertion. However, complications of T-tube insertion limit its use. In the present study, we wanted to compare outcomes between primary repair of choledocotomy and traditional T-tube insertion. Material and methods: Thirty patients with CBD stones disease admitted at Sina and Imam Reza hospitals of Tabriz, from April 2012 to February 2013, were included in this study. The patients were randomly divided into two groups: T-tube drainage group and primary closure group. Intraoperative findings and postoperative complications were recorded and analyzed. Results: There was no mortality and retained stones in both groups. Two of 15 patients in the T-tube group and four of 15 patients in primary closure group suffered from minor bile leakage. There was no major bile leakage in the T-tube group but one patient in the primary closure group had major bile leakage, which was treated conservatively without surgical or endoscopic intervention. Wound infection was seen in two patients in the T-tube group and one patient in the primary closure group. In follow up assessment, there was no intra-abdominal collection in both groups. Overall postoperative complications include biliary complications, wound infection and intra-abdominal collections, were seen in four patients in the T-tube group and six patients in primary closure group; that was not statically significant difference. Conclusion: primary closure of CBD after open choledocotomy is feasible and is as safe as T-tube insertion. In effect, primary closure avoids T-tube insertion and disadvantages associated with the use of T-tube. Primary closure can be recommended for selected patients with CBD stone disease. Key words: common bile duct stones; choledocotomy; T-tube drainage; primary closure
Vectorial competence of Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus 1762) Rio de Janeiro Strain, to Dirofilaria immitis (Leidy 1856)

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Dirofilaria immitis (Leidy 1856), a nematode parasite, is the etiologic agent of canine heartworm disease and mosquitoes are essential intermediate hosts. Mosquito susceptibility to the worms differ with species, strains and also among individuals of the same strain. To evaluate the degree of susceptibility of Rio de Janeiro laboratory raised strain of Aedes aegypti, we fed mosquitoes on canine blood with different densities of microfilariae (mf). There was no significant difference in the rate of development among the three different densities of mf. Infective larvae were found in the head and proboscis of all mosquitoes provided bloodmeals with different densities of mf after the 11th day post-infection. The infection rate of mosquitoes after ingestion of blood containing 3,000 mf/ml, 5,000 mf/ml and 7,000 mf/ml were 55.3%, 66.7% and 100%, respectively. The vector efficiency indices ranged from 1.6 to 9.3. The finding of L3 stage larvae, high infection rates and vector efficiency indices suggest that Ae. aegypti, Rio de Janeiro laboratory strain, is a potential vector of D. immitis, although of low efficiency.
1825: Does a Single set of Prostate Biopsies Represent an Appropriate End Point in Prostate Cancer Prevention Trials?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

You have accessJournal of UrologyDiscussed Poster, Wednesday, May 12, 2004, 8:00 am - 12:00 pm1 Apr 20041825: Does a Single set of Prostate Biopsies Represent an Appropriate End Point in Prostate Cancer Prevention Trials? Hannes Steiner, Andreas P. Berger, Georg Bartsch, and Wolfgang Horninger Hannes SteinerHannes Steiner More articles by this author , Andreas P. BergerAndreas P. Berger More articles by this author , Georg BartschGeorg Bartsch More articles by this author , and Wolfgang HorningerWolfgang Horninger More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(18)39017-7AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "1825: Does a Single set of Prostate Biopsies Represent an Appropriate End Point in Prostate Cancer Prevention Trials?." The Journal of Urology, 171(4S), p. 482 © 2016 by American Urological AssociationFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 171Issue 4SApril 2004Page: 482 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2016 by American Urological AssociationMetricsAuthor Information Hannes Steiner More articles by this author Andreas P. Berger More articles by this author Georg Bartsch More articles by this author Wolfgang Horninger More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Supplementary Material for: The optimization of outpatient hemodialysis management for AKI-D patients: A quality improvement study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Introduction: In 2017, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services allowed survivors of hospitalized acute kidney injury requiring dialysis (AKI-D) who were ambulatory and still dependent on hemodialysis (HD) to receive treatment in outpatient dialysis facilities. This policy change generated the ongoing need to improve AKI-D care in the outpatient setting. Methods: Quality improvement study in adult patients admitted to an outpatient HD unit with the diagnosis of AKI-D. We developed a protocol to manage these patients that included: a) multidisciplinary evaluations; b) personalized 3-tier HD prescription for dose/ultrafiltration rate and frequency; c) weekly assessment of kidney recovery; and d) patient empowerment. Patient- and protocol-specific characteristics were described. We analyzed hourly HD data and protocol adherence, and relevant hemodynamic data were compared according to HD-free survival at 90 days. Results: A total of 457.3 hours of HD from nine patients under the AKI-D protocol were interrogated. Three out of nine patients were alive and liberated from HD within the first 90 days of outpatient HD. Overall protocol adherence was 53.8% and did not differ by HD-free survival (54.5% vs. 53.7% in those that recovered vs. not). Protocol adherence was associated with fewer intradialytic hypotension events (peak to nadir BP, p<0.01), while intradialytic hypotension (pre to post BP) occurred more frequently in patients who did not recover kidney function (p=0.009). Conclusion: We demonstrated the feasibility of implementing a management protocol for AKI-D patients in an outpatient dialysis facility. We found that fewer episodes of intradialytic hypotension occurred when the outpatient HD management was adherent to the protocol. The feasibility of this protocol should be confirmed in other facilities, and importantly, efficacy testing to evaluate its impact on AKI-D outpatient care is necessary.
Features of Interaction Between the State and Civil Society in the Context of the Philosophy of Law

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The article explores the notion and peculiarities of concept of “civil society” in the modern, legal state. In the given research the author implements holistic, systematical (methodical) analysis of peculiarities of the relationship between the state and society. Therefore, the theoretical and practical research of problems of development of relation between civil society and the state gives an opportunity to find new solutions in problems of cooperation of individual and common interests. Moreover, study is also focusing on various approaches of well-known jurists on the essence, content and legislative consolidation of the civil society. The author comes to conclusion that in recent decades, the philosophy of law took under its active protection the civil society, where the harmonious combination of rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of the person should correspond to public interests. Therefore, the theoretical and practical analysis of interactions between the state and civil society gives an opportunity to find new solutions in problems occurred in modern society. Key words: civil society, democratic legal state, fundamental rights and freedoms of the individual, government, citizen, organizations, institutions, political life.
National Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory Experience in Multi Center Quality Control Programs for Molecular Diagnostics of Tuberculosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Nucleic acid amplification methods to detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) in clinical specimens are increasingly used to diagnose tuberculosis. A number of nucleic acids amplification assays have been developed to detect MTBC DNA in clinical material. These assays differ in their requirements for sample volume and sample preparation, methods of amplification, and methods of detection. There are advantages and disadvantages of all assays; thus, there is probably no assay which is best suited to all situations. Quality control programs for molecular diagnostics (QCMD) based on nucleic acid amplification have not been widely implemented in clinical laboratories and remain limited to a few tests. Development of specific QCMD trials based on methodologic proficiency testing and directed to the evaluation of analytical aspects common to the majority of PCR -based tests may be valuable. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the specifity and sensitivity of molecular amplification methods for MTBC detection and our laboratory performance. Proficiency panel specimens were obtained from QCMD 2002 TB Proficiency Panel for the Assessment of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Nucleic Acid Detection Methodologies Program, Scotland, UK. The proficiency panel consisted of 12 ( 8 sputum and 4 diluted samples) samples containing a range of concentrations of cultured Mycobacterium bovis BCG in either pooled sputum or presented as a decontaminated and washed cell pellet . Negative samples were also included in the panel. In the present study, all samples sent in the framework of QCMD 2000, were evaluated using three different diagnostic methods, namely COBAS Amplicor MTB, Gen Probe MTD, Taq Man RT-PCR / Gene Amp 7700 sequence detection system. All steps of the tests used during the study were made in accordance with standard protocols and instructions of the manufacturer. According to these results, COBAS Amplicor MTB test yielded consistent results in 10 (83.3%), Gen Probe MTB test in 8 (66.66%) ve RT-PCR test in 6 (50%). Our success rates were 100 % (8/8), in sputum samples and 50 % (2/4 ) in diluted samples. Multicenter quality control programs are quite illuminating for the determination of laboratory efficacy and the performance of the tests. It is our suggestion that nucleic acid amplification methods employed for rapid diagnosis of M. tuberculosis should be subjected to internal and external controls and made routine accordingly.