jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Does Unemployment Compensation Affect Unemployment Duration?

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

We use a flexible hazard rate model with unrestricted spell duration and calendar time effects to analyse a dataset including all Norwegian unemployment spells during the 1990s. The dataset provides a unique access to conditionally independent variation in unemployment compensation. We find that a marginal increase in compensation reduces the escape rate from unemployment significantly, irrespective of business cycle conditions and spell duration. The escape rate rises sharply in the months just prior to benefit exhaustion. While men are more responsive than women with respect to marginal changes in compensation, women are most responsive with respect to benefit exhaustion. Copyright Royal Economic Society 2003.
Traditional Muga Silk (Antheraea assamensis) Rearing as a Means of Rural Livelihood and Conservation Efforts among the Indigenous Communities of Assam

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The Muga silk (Antheraea assamensis) rearing is confined to the North-East India, particularly, the Brahmaputra valley of Assam. This is perhaps, due to pleasant climatic conditions and distribution of wide range of muga host plants in this region. In Assam ‘Som’ tree provides the principal food for muga silkworms which produce the golden coloured silk that is very specific and prestigious to north-eastern states of India and found nowhere else on the globe. The north-eastern region of India, with total geographical area of 3,04,426 sq km, is situated in eastern part of India. It lies between 21.33 to 29.28° N. latitudes and 89.42 to 97.24° E. longitudes. The region is a part of eastern Himalaya biodiversity hotspot in the world hence endow with endemic flora and fauna. In this paper the researcher tries to the possibility of traditional way of rearing of muga, rural livelihood and conservation effort among the indigenous communities of the Brahmaputra valley in Assam.
Photothermal-Promoted Morphology Transformation in Vivo Monitored by Photoacoustic Imaging

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The in situ construction of the nanoassembly has been demonstrated to improve the performance of bioactive molecules, but the control of the morphology of nanomaterials in vivo still remains a tremendous challenge. Herein, a photothermal-promoted morphology transformation (PMT) strategy is developed to accelerate the formation of nanomaterials for improving the biological performance of drug molecules. Compared with the spontaneous process, the rate of transformation increases by ∼4 times in the PMT process. Owing to increased assembly rate, the tumor accumulation of drugs is ∼2-fold than that without photo irradiation, which inhibits tumor growth effectively. More importantly, the chemical reassembly process in vitro and in vivo is monitored by the advanced ratiometric photoacoustic image, confirming the photoinduced transformation acceleration. Through the noninvasively artificial control on assembly dynamics in vivo, the PMT strategy provides a new insight for developing the intelligent theranostics.
Psychological impact of expatriation experiences on child and adolescent mental health: a narrative synthesis

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Purpose Globalisation and the opening of cross-border work opportunities have led to an increase in individuals relocating from their native country to another for professional reasons, a phenomenon called “expatriation”. A wealth of research has focused on expatriation from an adult perspective, but there is also a growing inter-disciplinary literature on how expatriation is affecting the children of adult expatriates. The purpose of this paper is to synthesise the recent published literature on the psychological impact of expatriation on the mental health of these children and adolescent expatriates. Design/methodology/approach A narrative synthesis approach was adopted in order to synthesise evidence from 12 original, peer-reviewed papers with research relevant to the topic. Findings Findings indicate a risk of affective disorders as a result of expatriation experiences, and lower emotional stability with increased stress, predominantly for adolescent expatriates. Some maladaptive behaviours, such as over-reliance on digital technologies, are also noted. Positive gains of expatriation centre around personality development domains, such as cognitive flexibility, open-mindedness and empathy. Research limitations/implications Future research can delve further into the mental health of expatriate youths, to inform clinical practice and policy making, as well as help address diagnostic, treatment and prevention issues that this young, developing population may face. Originality/value This paper focuses solely on children and adolescent expatriates, that may be under-represented in the wider expatriate literature, and considers the psychological outcomes and the potential risks and benefits of expatriation on their mental health.
sj-pdf-1-opp-10.1177_1078155220957726 - Supplemental material for Exemestane induced cholestatic liver injury – A case report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-opp-10.1177_1078155220957726 for Exemestane induced cholestatic liver injury – A case report by Dane Fritzsche, Amy Indorf, Abby Miske and Kalyan Banda in Journal of Oncology Pharmacy Practice
More than RGB: Spectral Trends in Color Reproduction

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Early rendering algorithms relied exclusively on three-dimensional spaces for color computation, such as RGB and CIE XYZ. Recent rendering advances use full spectral information for illuminants and surfaces, resulting in much greater accuracy and realism. These expensive computations can be wasted, however, if ad hoc methods are used to adjust the final image on the monitor, in film, or in print. Ineficiency and inaccuracy can be avoided with some knowledge of device gamuts and color reproduction algorithms. This course follows spectral data through the graphics pipeline, examining issues of rendering, color science, perception, gamut mapping, and color management. We conclude with a discussion of trends and open problems in managing spectral data for accurate color reproduction. Participants will learn not only the theoretical background of color and spectral reproduction, but practical guidelines often omitted in technical papers.
An unusual new fossil genus probably belonging to the Psychopsidae (Neuroptera) from the Eocene Okanagan Highlands, western North America

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

This dataset contains the digitized treatments in Plazi based on the original journal article Makarkin, Vladimir N., Archibald, S. Bruce (2014): An unusual new fossil genus probably belonging to the Psychopsidae (Neuroptera) from the Eocene Okanagan Highlands, western North America. Zootaxa 3838 (3): 385-391, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3838.3.8
In vitro antitrypanosomal activity, antioxidant property and phytochemical constituents of aqueous extracts of nine Nigerian medicinal plants

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

To study the in vitro antitrypanosomal activity, antioxidant property and phytochemical constituents of aqueous extracts of nine Nigerian medicinal plants. In vitro antitrypanosomal activity test was carried out on aqueous extracts of dried leaves of Acacia albida (A. albida), Artemisia absinthium, Bryophyllum pinnatum, Gongronema latifolium, Holarrhena floribunda, Leptadenia hastata, Pericopsis laxiflora (P. laxiflora) and dried stem barks of A. albida and P. laxiflora. The phytochemical constituents and composition of the extracts and the in vitro antioxidant activity of the extracts were subsequently measured using the α,α-diphenyl-β-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay, Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay, thiobarbituric acid (TBA) activity assay and H2O2 radical scavenging activity assay. From the study, it was discovered that the stem bark extracts of A. albida and P. laxiflora were most active against both Trypanosoma evansi and Trypanosoma congolense. There was complete cessation of motility in both trypanosomes within 5 min at 40 mg/mL of the stem bark extract of A. albida and complete cessation of motility within 25 min and 40 min at 40 mg/mL with P. laxiflora stem bark extract for Trypanosoma congolense and Trypanosoma evansi, respectively. Quantitative analysis of the phytochemical constituents of the aqueous extracts of the plant parts such as alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids and phenols revealed that the stem barks of A. albida, P. laxiflora and leaves of Leptadenia hastata contained relatively high amount of all the phytochemicals quantified. The stem bark extracts of A. albida, P. laxiflora and leaves of Gongronema latifolium possess more scavenging capacity when compared to other extracts in relation to vitamin C, the reference antioxidant. This study provides scientific evidence for the use of A. albida, and P. laxiflora for the treatment of trypanosomosis and diseases associated with oxidative stress.
COMMON LOCATIONS OF TRAUMATIC ULCERATION IN TISSUES UNDERNEATH NEW CONVENTIONAL COMPLETE DENTURES

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Objective: To determine the common locations of traumatic ulceration in denture supporting tissues following implantation of new complete dentures by prosthodontic postgraduate students. Methodology: This cross sectional study was conducted in the department of prosthodontics, Khyber College of Dentistry, Peshawar on 184 patients. Patients with newly placed dentures were examined after 3 to 4 days, on their first follow up visit, for the presence of traumatic ulceration. Pre-defined locations in the edentulous jaw were examined for the presence of traumatic ulcers. Data was entered and analyzed with the help of SPSS version 20. Results: The mean age was 55.85±2.22 years with male to female ratio of 1:1.9. Patients returning with one or more traumatic ulcers 3 to 4 days following the placement of their complete dentures were 141 (76.6%). More traumatic ulcers were found in tissues beneath mandibular dentures (n=,134 72.82%) compared to tissues beneath maxillary dentures (n=105, 57.06%). The most common sites to develop traumatic ulcers were the retromylohyoid area (n=73, 39.7%), maxillary vestibular sulcus between labial frenum and buccal frenum (n=52, 28.3%), maxillary tuberosity (n=51, 27.7%), mandibular vestibular sulcus at buccal shelf region (n=47, 25.5%) and the lingual sulcus at paralingual region (n=36, 19.6%). Conclusion: Traumatic ulcers in denture bearing tissues were reported in majority of the patients who received complete dentures. Retromylohyoid area was reported as the most prone area to the ulceration than others.
Cost Modelling for Recycling Fiber-Reinforced Composites: State-of-the-Art and Future Research

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Fiber-reinforced composites, such as carbon and glass fibers, are widely used across various industries. This is mainly a result of their outperforming properties in contrast with traditional materials. As a response to the environmental legal enforcement of the recycling of composite materials, several recycling methods such as mechanical, thermal, and chemical recycling, have been developed. Despite various merits, these recycling methods still face challenges, such as the heterogeneity of material, the quality of the recycled product, the high cost of recycling, and a lack of an established market. Since, in many cases, the financial aspect tends to be the major barrier to recycling composites, the appropriate cost modelling of the recycling process requires urgent consideration. To the knowledge of the authors, there is no prior research efforts on the reviewing of cost modelling techniques on composites recycling. Cost modelling research projects for different recycling technologies, with their findings and limitations, are sought from the literature and reported in this paper. It is found that recycling techniques still cannot compete with traditional landfilling in terms of cost, and are dependent on fiber recovery rates and plant capacities. Following a comprehensive literature review, research gaps are identified to formulate the research directions in this field.
Thermal Properties and In Vitro Biodegradation of PLA-Mg Filaments for Fused Deposition Modeling

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Additive manufacturing, in particular the fused deposition method, is a quite new interesting technique used to obtain specific 3D objects by depositing layer after layer of material. Generally, commercial filaments can be used in 3D printing. However, the obtention of functional filaments is not so easy to reach. In this work, we obtain filaments based on poly(lactic acid), PLA, reinforced with different amounts of magnesium, Mg, microparticles, using a two-step extrusion process, in order to study how processing can affect the thermal degradation of the filaments; we additionally study their in vitro degradation, with a complete release of Mg microparticles after 84 days in phosphate buffer saline media. Therefore, considering that we want to obtain a functional filament for further 3D printing, the simpler the processing, the better the result in terms of a scalable approach. In our case, we obtain micro-composites via the double-extrusion process without degrading the materials, with good dispersion of the microparticles into the PLA matrix without any chemical or physical modification of the microparticles.
Clinician Experiences With Integrative Group Medical Visits for Chronic Pain

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background The well-being of healthcare teams is an important consideration when seeking to improve patient experience and quality of care. Prior studies have found that changes to working conditions are most effective in improving clinician well-being. Integrative Group Medical Visits (IGMVs) modify working conditions in ways that have potential to improve clinician experience.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to understand healthcare teams’ experiences with IGMVs. Methods In this qualitative study, interviews were conducted via Zoom and telephone with 21 clinicians, administrators, and staff from safety-net healthcare settings throughout the United States (U.S.) who have implemented IGMVs for patients with chronic pain. Interviews included questions about clinician experience, well-being, and satisfaction with the IGMV model. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and coded using thematic content analysis by a team of trained qualitative researchers. Results The authors identified five themes describing how IGMV positively affected clinician well-being: organizational supports, human-centered engagement, collaboration with an interprofessional team, provision of guideline-concordant care, and enhanced meaning and purpose for the clinicians. Conclusion The current study was the first to use interviews from healthcare teams who have implemented IGMV to assess their experience. The themes identified warrant further investigation into IGMVs as a strategy to promote clinician well-being and mitigate aspects of burnout.
Unusual case of cerebral demyelination and bilateral optic neuritis in an infant with suppurative BCG lymphadenitis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Cerebral demyelination and optic neuritis are often seen in children with acute disseminated encephalomyelitis following various infections and immunisations. An eight month old girl presented with a left axillary lymph node swelling and an erythematous lace-like rash over her cheeks and trunk. She then developed acute encephalopathy, bilateral nystagmus, right hemiparesis and left facial nerve palsy. Her electroencephalogram showed an encephalopathic process and visual evoked response study were grossly abnormal. Her MRI brain showed hyperintensities in the midbrain, pons and bilateral cerebellar peduncles. She was treated as postinfectious cerebral demyelination with intravenous antibiotics, methylprednisolone and immunoglobulin. Left axillary lymph node excision biopsy and GeneXpert test detected Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex that prompted initiation of antituberculous therapy. Her chest X-ray and cerebrospinal fluid examinations for tuberculosis were normal. She showed significant recovery after 2 weeks. This case illustrates a rare presentation of cerebral demyelination and bilateral optic neuritis following suppurative BCG lymphadenitis.
Probing the deformation of ductile polycrystals by synchrotron x-ray micro-diffraction

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Microscopic beams of penetrating synchrotron radiation provide a unique tool for the analysis of material structure and deformation. This thesis describes my contributions to the development of new synchrotron X-ray micro-beam diffraction experimental techniques and data interpretation, and the use of experimental results for the validation of material deformation models. To study deeply buried material volumes in thick samples, the micro-beam Laue technique was extended to higher photon energies. Through-thickness resolution was achieved either by a wire scanning approach similar to Differential Aperture X-ray Microscopy (DAXM), or by applying tomographic reconstruction principles to grain-specific Laue pattern intensity. Both techniques gave promising first results. For reliable micro-beam Laue diffraction measurements of elastic strains in individual grains of a polycrystal, understanding of the error sources is vital. A novel simulation-based error analysis framework allowed the assessment of individual contributions to the total measurement error. This provides a rational basis for the further improvement of experimental setups. For direct comparison of experimental measurements and dislocation dynamics simulations, diffraction post-processing of dislocation models in two and three dimensions was developed. Simulated diffraction patterns of two-dimensional dislocation cell/wall type structures captured correctly some of the features observed experimentally in reciprocal space maps of a large-grained, lightly deformed aluminium alloy sample. Crystal lattice rotations computed from three-dimensional dislocation dynamics simulations of a Frank-Read source showed anisotropic orientation spread similar to that observed in micro-beam Laue experiments. For the experimental study of crystal lattice distortion, a novel technique was proposed that combines micro-beam Laue diffraction with scanning white-beam topography. Diffraction topography allows the study of lattice rotation at scales smaller than the scanning beam size. The new technique makes it possible to apply classical topography methods to deformed samples.
Biemond-Syndrom in einer Sippe mit Iriskolobomen, Hüftgelenksdysplasie und Epilepsie

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

SUMMARY The Author reports on the striking frequency of marked hereditary pathologic anomalies in the family of a proposita suffering from Biemond's Syndrome (diencephalic obesity, debility, neurologic and mental disorders, endocrine troubles, syndactyly of the feet and bilateral coloboma of the iris). In the 173 membres of the family (non including the proposita) the Author found 17 cases of unilateral or bilateral coloboma (6 of whom died blind), 4 cases of iris malformation with atrophy of the stroma, 4 cases of females with serious unilateral or bilateral malformation of the hip-joint, 1 uncertain case of a male with Perthes disease, 4 cases of epilepsy (included a concordant MZ twin-pair), 1 case of a male suffering at the same time from imbecility and underdevelopment, 1 case of a female affected by coloboma, arachnoidal cyst and epileptic convulsions, and, further, some cases of myopia, single cases of strabismus, hyphoscoliosis, lipomatosis, hemolytic icterus and 1 case of a still-born child with atresia recti and hypoplasia of one arm. Besides a case of suicide, some members of the family are supposed to have been somehow « queer ». It is probable that a degree of linkage exists between the genes for coloboma and epilepsy. All other findings, for the moment, may only be recorded. In order to reach some final conclusions other family studies will have to be added to the present one.
Effect of Long-Term Use of Sewage Sludge and Lime on the Gross Content and Concentration of Mobile Forms of Heavy Metals in Sandy Loam Sod-Podzolic Soil

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The long-term dynamics of the gross content and concentration of mobile forms of heavy metals (TM) in the soil of a microfield experiment laid in 1984 on sod-podzolic gleevate sandy loam soil on moraine loam (Vladimir region) is considered. Various large doses of municipal sewage sludge (MSS) and lime (dolomite flour) were introduced as meliorants. Despite the duration of the field experiment, sampling to compare the variants of the experiment on the content of TM in the soil turned out to be insufficiently systematic. Therefore, comparisons were made only on the basis of 3-4 years, and with insufficient comparability of analytical data. As a result, if in some years a significant dependence of the TM content in the soil on the doses of meliorants was obtained, then in the long-term plan, basically we can only talk about trends. From the point of view of contamination of the arable soil layer, it was found that the gross content of Cd, Zn, As was greater than the standard of approximate permissible concentration (APC) in all variants of the experiment (including control); the same is shown for Cu in all variants except control, and for Ni at maximum doses of MSS. Soil contamination in the control appears to be associated with lateral transport. Most of the total Cd and Cu content was extracted with mononormal acids. The content of mobile copper (AAB pH 4.8) (compared with acidsoluble) reacted poorly to the introduction of ameliorants.
POLYMORPHISMS OF DRUG-METABOLIZING ENZYMES CYP1A2, CYP2D6, GST, NAT2 AND TRANSPORTER MDR1 IN POPULATION OF BELARUS: COMPARISON WITH SELECTED EUROPEAN AND ASIAN POPULATIONS

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Drug therapeutic efficiency and development of unfavorable pharmacologic responses as well as the disease predisposition are caused first of all by patient’s genetic features. Genetic variations in genes encoding drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporter proteins are essential to understand the ethnic differences in disease occurrence, development, prognosis, therapeutic response and toxicity of drugs. For that reason, it is necessary to establish the normative frequency distribution of genotypes and alleles of these genes in a particular population. Data on frequency of pharmacogenetic polymorphisms in the of Belarus population are limited. The goal of our investigation was to analyze the frequency distribution of genotypes and alleles of genes encoding drug-metabolizing enzymes (CYP1А2, CYP2D6 – I phase; GSTs, NAT2 – II phase) and transporter protein MDR1 in the population of Belarus and comparisons with other ethnic populations. Our results indicate that clinically important genes are genetically highly variable and differ considerably between populations. Differences in allele frequencies across continents should be considered when designing clinical trials of new drugs continents should be considered when designing clinical trials of new drugs.