jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Experimental evaluation on the structural behavior of truss shear connectors in composite steel-concrete beams

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The composite structures have great advantages in terms of structural and constructive aspects, with the shear connectors being decisive for obtaining the interaction between the structural elements and for the distribution of the stresses in the structure, taking advantage of the potentiality of each constituent material of the composite structure (steel and concrete). This work, through experimental studies, presents the development of a shear connector (Truss connector) proposed for use in a concrete-steel composite beam. The proposed connector is easy to implement and can serve as a viable alternative to the use of stud or U connectors. It was idealized a connector geometry that would provide low production cost, ease of execution, higher values of resistant load, efficiency as regards the relative sliding resistance between the metal profile and the concrete slab, as well as the efficiency regarding the resistance to the spacing of the slabs in relation to the metal profile (uplift). In order to evaluate the behavior of Truss connectors, 6 experimental models were constructed for push-out tests, 3 with 12.5 mm diameter Truss connectors and 3 with 19.0 mm diameter stud bolt connectors. The behavior of the models was investigated with respect to the loads of rupture, the transversal displacements between the concrete slabs and the relative vertical slide between the reinforced concrete slabs and the metallic profiles of the models. The results of the experimental analyzes provided an overview of the operation of the Truss and stud bolt connectors, with significant results that showed advantages of the Truss connector in relation to the stud connector considering the parameters analyzed in this work.
The Role of Anti–IL-1 Medications in Autoinflammatory Disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The interleukin (IL) -1 family of cytokines are involved in different aspects of inflammation with IL-1 beta being the best known and most powerful proinflammatory cytokine. Dysregulation of IL-1 beta and other family members results in autoinflammatory conditions such as systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis and familial Mediterranean fever. The growing understanding and knowledge of the pathophysiology of many autoinflammatory diseases have led to the development and use of IL-1 blocking medications for many chronic and disabling diseases. In this article, we present the anti–IL-1 agents and their major indications in pediatric rheumatology. [ Pediatr Ann . 2022;51(2):e72–e76.]
[Enoximone in the postoperative phase of heart surgery].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Ten patients with low cardiac output syndrome (LCOS, cardiac index [CI] = 1.8 +/- 0.24 L.min-1.m-2, pulmonary artery occlusion pressure [PAOP] = 19 +/- 4 mmHg, systolic arterial pressure [APsys] = 76 +/- 5 mmHg) were treated with catecholamines and nitroglycerin. This therapy achieved stable hemodynamic conditions (CI 2.5 +/- 0.2 L.min-1.m-2, PAOP 14 +/- 5 mmHg, APsys = 110 +/- 17 mmHg). Addition of enoximone (bolus dose 1.0 mg.kg-1 followed by continuous infusion of 7 micrograms.kg-1.min-1) induced an increase of CI to 3.6 +/- 1.3 L.min-1.m-2 (p < 0.05) and of left ventricular stroke work index (LVSWI) from 21.8 +/- 3.6 g.m.m-2 to 29.3 +/- 10.1 g.m.m-2 (p < 0.05). Systemic vascular resistance decreased from 1300 +/- 415 dyn.s.cm-5 to 972 +/- 390 dyn.s.cm-5 (p < 0.01). No alterations of heart rate, mean arterial or pulmonary arterial pressure and PAOP were observed. Likewise, enoximone had no effect on gas exchange. Oxygen consumption index (VO2I) was elevated from 83 +/- 22 mL.min-1.m-2 to 126 +/- 31 mL.min-1.m-2 (p < 0.01) and oxygen delivery index (DO2I) increased from 348 +/- 112 mL.min-1.m-2 to 498 +/- 206 mL.min-1.m-2 (p < 0.05). In contrast, oxygen extraction ration remained unchanged (29 +/- 10% n.s.). Oxygen consumption and delivery were significantly lower during treatment of LCOS with catecholamines and nitroglycerin when compared with a matched group of patients without postoperative cardiac failure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
[Arachidonic acid metabolism in liver glucose and lipid homeostasis].

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Arachidonic acid (AA) is an ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid, which mainly exists in the cell membrane in the form of phospholipid. Three major enzymatic pathways including the cyclooxygenase (COX), lipoxygenase (LOX) and cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (CYP450) pathways are involved in AA metabolism leading to the generation of a variety of lipid mediators such as prostaglandins, leukotrienes, hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs) and epoxyeicoastrienoic acids (EETs). These bioactive AA metabolites play an important role in the regulation of many physiological processes including the maintenance of liver glucose and lipid homeostasis. As the central metabolic organ, the liver is essential in metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins, and its dysfunction is associated with the pathogenesis of many metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This article aims to provide an overview of the enzymatic pathways of AA and discuss the role of AA-derived lipid mediators in the regulation of hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism and their associations with the pathogenesis of major metabolic disorders.
Assessment of Left Ventricular Diastolic Function in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a spectrum of fat-associated liver conditions that can result in end stage liver disease. NAFLD patients when compared to control subjects have a higher prevalence of atherosclerosis which is independent of obesity and other established risk factors. Recent studies have identified NAFLD as a risk factor for early subclinical abnormalities in myocardial metabolism as well as in cardiac structure and function. In particular, it has been shown that NAFLD is associated with left ventricular hypertrophy and impaired diastolic function.
The Objective: the aim of this study is to assess left ventricular diastolic function in NAFLD patients.
Patients and Methods: the study included thirty Egyptian NAFLD patients their age between 20 and 45 years old, and twenty healthy control subjects who were age and sex matched. Full medical history, complete physical examination and laboratory tests were done in form of ALT, AST, total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, triglyceride, hemoglobin A1C, creatinine, urea and CBC. Abdominal ultrasonography and transthoracic echocardiography also were done.
Results: NAFLD patients had higher diastolic blood pressures, increased body mass indices, ALT, AST and glycated hemoglobin A1C more than controls. Also in our study the mean of E, E/A ratio, DT, lateral E/e? and septal E/e? is significant higher in NAFLD patients than control group. The mean of lateral e? and septal e? is lower in NAFLD patients than control group.
Conclusion: patients with NAFLD had significant impairment on diastolic function in the non-diabetic and normotensive NAFLD patients compared to the controls as measured by two-dimensional echocardiography Doppler imaging in addition to tissue Doppler imaging.
Tunnel stability and deformations in water-bearing ground

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Water can affect the stability and the deformations of a tunnel by reducing the effective stress and thus the resistance to shearing, and by generating seepage forces towards the excavation boundaries. The seepage-flow may lead to a draw-down of the water-level and to time-dependent subsidence due to consolida- tion. Furthermore, when tunnelling in soft ground, the seepage forces acting towards the opening may impair its stability. The movement of water in a low-permeability ground is one major cause of time-dependent ef- fects in tunnelling. This paper discusses the effects of water by means of examples covering a wide range of tunnelling conditions. Emphasis is placed on practical questions of tunnel engineering, on the mechanisms gov- erning the stability and deformation of underground openings in water-bearing ground and on the significance of poromechanical coupling.
Unveiling the Digital Fingerprints: Analysis of Internet attacks based on website fingerprints

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Parallel to our physical activities our virtual presence also leaves behind our unique digital fingerprints, while navigating on the Internet. These digital fingerprints have the potential to unveil users' activities encompassing browsing history, utilized applications, and even devices employed during these engagements. Many Internet users tend to use web browsers that provide the highest privacy protection and anonymization such as Tor. The success of such privacy protection depends on the Tor feature to anonymize end-user IP addresses and other metadata that constructs the website fingerprint. In this paper, we show that using the newest machine learning algorithms an attacker can deanonymize Tor traffic by applying such techniques. In our experimental framework, we establish a baseline and comparative reference point using a publicly available dataset from Universidad Del Cauca, Colombia. We capture network packets across 11 days, while users navigate specific web pages, recording data in .pcapng format through the Wireshark network capture tool. Excluding extraneous packets, we employ various machine learning algorithms in our analysis. The results show that the Gradient Boosting Machine algorithm delivers the best outcomes in binary classification, achieving an accuracy of 0.8363. In the realm of multi-class classification, the Random Forest algorithm attains an accuracy of 0.6297.
Development of new immunotherapy treatments in different cancer types.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Cancer immunotherapy involves the use of therapeutic modalities that determine a manipulation of the immune system by using immune agents such as cytokines, vaccines, cell therapies and humoral, transfection agents. Immunotherapy of cancer has to stimulate the host's anti-tumor response by increasing the effector cell number and the production of soluble mediators and decrease the host's suppressor mechanisms by inducing tumor killing environment and by modulating immune checkpoints. Immunotherapy seems to work better in more immunogenic tumors. Making a review of literature, the article presents the new immunologic treatments in cancers less presented in the latest conferences, cancers in which, immunotherapy is still under investigation. Bladder cancer was the first indication for which immunotherapy was used in 1970. A promising clinical research in bladder cancer is the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors. Although breast cancer is considered immunologically silent, several preclinical and clinical studies suggested that immunotherapy has the potential to improve the clinical outcomes for patients with breast cancer. Cervical cancer, brain cancer, head and neck cancer and colorectal and esophageal cancers are cancer types for which new immune-based cancer treatments are currently under development. Recent agents used in clinical trials will be described in before mentioned cancers.
An Overview of the Saudi Arabian Telecommunications System

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This thesis presents an overview of Saudi Arabian telecommunications system. The first chapter provides the reader with necessary background about Saudi Arabia'a economy and geography. The second chapter contains historical background of the world's and Saudi telecommunications and lists stage of development that the Saudi system went through. The third chapter describes Saudi Arabian current telecommunications system and its major components. The fourth chapter discusses the strategies and goals for the Saudi telecommunications sector and lists the major programs that will be implemented from 1991 to 1995. Finally, the fifth chapter provides a general summary.
Interactions of the oxidation products of papaverine with guanine quadruplexes

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The interactions of G-quadruplex DNA with two oxidation products of papaverine, 6a,12a-diazadibenzo-[a,g]fluorenylium derivative (1) and 2,3,9,10-tetramethoxy-12-oxo-12H-indolo[2,1-a]isoquinolinium cation (2) were investigated. Effect of the organic modifier (EtOH) and NaCl on the spectral properties and aggregation of free ligands and on the DNA-binding affinity were assessed. Ligand 1 exhibited tendency for aggregation and showed higher binding selectivity for G-quadruplex DNA over double-stranded DNA. Both ligands were capable of interacting with DNA according to three binding modes: (i) electrostatic interactions, (ii) classical intercalation to dsDNA, and (iii) the specific binding to quadruplex DNA. The cytotoxic activity of ligand 2 was generally higher than that for ligand 1, approaching a micromolar concentration level that may suggest its telomerase inhibition activity.
Transformation of yeast.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

A stable leu2- yeast strain has been transformed to LEU2+ by using a chimeric ColE1 plasmid carrying the yeast leu2 gene. We have used recently developed hybridization and restriction endonuclease mapping techniques to demonstrate directly the presence of the transforming DNA in the yeast genome and also to determine the arrangement of the sequences that were introduced. These studies show that ColE1 DNA together with the yeast sequences can integrate into the yeast chromosomes. This integration may be additive or substitutive. The bacterial plasmid sequences, once integrated, behave as a simple Mendelian element. In addition, we have determined the genetic linkage relationships for each newly introduced LEU2+ allele with the original leu2- allele. These studies show that the transforming squences integrate not only in the leu2 region but also in several other chromosomal locations.
Public goods and externalities: Agri-environmental Policy Measures in the Netherlands

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Agriculture is a provider of commodities such as food, feed, fibre and fuel and, it can also bring both positive and negative impacts on the environment such as biodiversity, water and soil quality.These environmental externalities from agricultural activities may also have characteristics of non-rivalry and non-excludability.When they have these characteristics, they can be defined as agri-environmental public goods.Agrienvironmental public goods need not necessarily be desirable; that is, they may cause harm and can be defined as agri-environmental public bads. Public Goods and Externalities: Agri-environmental Policy Measures in theNetherlands aims to improve our understanding of the best policy measures to provide agrienvironmental public goods and reduce agri-environmental public bads, by looking at the experiences of the Netherlands.This report provides information to contribute to policy design addressing the provision of agri-environmental public goods including the reduction of agri-environmental public bads.It is one of the five country case studies (Australia, Japan, Netherlands, United Kingdom, and United States), which provide inputs into the main OECD book, Public Goods, Externalities and Agri-environmental Policy Measures in Selected OECD Countries.
The use of stance markers in West African Englishes

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract This chapter investigates the extent of similarity in the use of stance markers in two national varieties of West African English, Nigerian English and Ghanaian English, and compares them to British English. The frequency and stylistic variability of four semantic groups of stance markers were examined in ICE-Nigeria and ICE-Ghana and compared with ICE-Great Britain. The results are mixed: the two West African varieties show an overall lower frequency of stance markers compared to British English but the speakers of the two West African English varieties do not demonstrate lower stylistic variability in the use of stance markers across different text types. Notwithstanding, there are systematic differences in stance marker usage between the two West African English varieties.
Influences of Dietary Protein Types on the Suppressive Food Intake Induced by Intracerebroventricular Administration of Glucagon-like Peptide-1 in Chicks.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The present study was conducted to elucidate the influence of dietary protein type on the suppressive food intake induced by intracerebroventricular administration of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) in chicks.Chicks were fed semipurified diets containing five types of protein (soy protein isolate, wheat protein, casein, whole egg, and beef), and the influences of dietary protein types on 2-h food intake after central administration of GLP-1 were examined. Central administration of GLP-1 significantly decreased food intake of chicks regardless of dietary groups. There were differences in the effects of the dietary protein types on the decrease in food intake by GLP-1. The present findings suggest that the suppressive food intake caused by GLP-1 is influenced by dietary protein types.
Production, purification and characterisation of a novel halostable xylanase from Bacillus sp. NTU‐06

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Bacillus sp. NTU‐06 was used to produce xylanase, which is an important industrial enzyme used in the pulp and paper industry. The enzyme was purified by fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC) and had a molecular mass of 24 kDa. The enzyme was active over a concentration range of 0–20% sodium chloride in culture broth, although its activity was optimal in 5% sodium chloride. A salinity stability test showed that 43% of the enzyme activity was retained after 4 h in 20% sodium chloride. Xylanase activity was maximal at pH 8.0 and 40°C. The enzyme was somewhat thermostable, retaining 20% of the original activity after incubation at 70°C for 4 h. The xylanase had K m and V max values of 3.45 mg mL −1 and 387.3 µmol min −1 mg −1 , respectively. The deduced internal amino acid sequence of Bacillus sp. NTU‐06 xylanase resembled the sequence of beta‐1,4‐endoxylanase, which is a member of glycoside hydrolase family 11. Some of the novel characteristics that make this enzyme potentially effective in xylan biodegradation are discussed.
Leadership Development—An Essential Piece of Leading Change at Community Colleges

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The Mississippi Gulf Coast community College (MGCCC) Leadership Development Program focuses on developing well-prepared community college leaders. This program is designed to give participants key pieces of leadership and show how they are an essential piece of the college. The curriculum is based on American Association of Community Colleges (AACC) competencies—organizational strategy, resource management, communication, collaboration, advocacy, and professionalism.
Of Rape and Other Demons: The Impact of the Victim's Eye Size and Observer's Gender on the Attributions of Responsibility

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This study examined the influence of the victim's eye size and observer's gender on the observers' perception of initial attraction and honesty of the victim, identification of the observer with a female target, and observers' attribution of victim's and perpetrator's responsibility for rape. A 3 (victim's eye size: small vs. normal vs. large) x 2 (observer's gender: female vs. male) experimental design was used. Participants (45 females and 45 males) observed one of three randomly assigned female faces (with eye size manipulation) and rated initial attraction, honesty, and identification. They were then asked to read a rape scenario (with a non-traditional woman) and to rate the victim's and offender's responsibility. The victim's eye size was shown a significant effect on all variables, except for perpetrator's responsibility. The female face with large eyes was perceived as more attractive and honest, elicited higher identification, and was attributed less responsibility. No significant effects were identified for observer's gender. Theoretical and practical implications were discussed.
Electro-optical properties of a nonlinear dye in poly(methyl methacrylate) and poly(α-methyl styrene)

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The dye N, N-dihexyl-4-amino-4′-nitrostilbene is incorporated into two polymers. Electro-optical effects in highly viscous solutions and polymer blocks poled by an external electric field are studied. Poly-(α-methyl styrene) can be poled by the application of relatively weak electric fields, and with the incorporated dye a linear electro-optical effect is achieved. The relaxation time of birefringence in highly viscous solutions is investigated.
Extended phenotypes in a boy and his mother with oto‐palato‐digital‐syndrome type II

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Key Clinical Message We describe additional phenotypic features in a boy and his mother. Both manifested the phenotypic/genotypic correlation of oto‐palato‐digital syndrome type II . The mother′s radiographs showed wormian bones of the skull, and paranasal bossing, her feet showed bilateral fusion of the cuboid with the lateral cuneiform bone with subsequent development of metatarsus varus associated with dysplastic distal phalanges.
Effect of the Addition of Multivalent Ions and the Irradiation of U. V. Rays on Colour Development in Silver-containing Glasses

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

It is known that the addition of SnO, Sb2O3, Fe2O3 and CeO2 etc., the oxides of multivalent elements, promote the development, and stabilization of the colloidal colours obtained by reheating the glasses containing Au, Ag, and Cu. In order to know the mechanism of the function of so called thermoreducing agents, or sesitizers, in developing colours a series of experiments has been carried out taking Ag-glass as an example.The composition of base glass was Na2O 18.0, CaO 8.5, Al2O3 1.5, and SiO2 72.0% by weight, and to which 0.025 gram atom of Ag2O, and 1 or 4 gram atoms of 11 thermoreducing agents, i.e., TiO2, V2O5, Cr2O3, MnO2, FeC2O4⋅2H2O, CoO, NiO, SnO, Sb2O3, Ce2 (C2O4)3, UO2(NO3)2 were added.The 20 glass samples prepared from the different combinations of sensitizers given above were subjected to the combinations of following heat treatments:1) Holding for 10 minutes at 650°C followed, respectively, by cooling to 400°C in 2 hours at constant rate and then quenching to ordinary temperature.2) Irradiation by ultraviolet rays.3) Preheating at 800°C for 10 minutes.The spectral transmission between 250 and 750mμ of the specimens which have developed colours by applying the combined treatments of above three types were measured, and the results were compared with the transmission of those containing no sensitizer and have passed through the exactly the same pretreatments.Within the scope of the present experiments it has been shown that the ions of Cr, Co, Sn act effectively in the colour development by heat treatment, while those of Cr, Fe, Sn, Sb, Ce are effective in developing by ultraviolet irradiation.Considering that these effects may be ascribed to the increase of the concentration of atomic silver, Ag°, during the heat treament, where the constants of the equilibria, such asAg°→←Ag+M+→←M2+, in which M is a multivalent element, are highly temperature dependent, the author was able to explain satisfactory the function of the thermoreducing agents, or sensitizers, by the difference of the temperature dependency of the equilibria.