jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Techno-economic feasibility of microirrigation in pineapple under the Gangetic alluvial plain of West Bengal

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A field investigation was conducted in the Gangetic alluvial plain of West Bengal for consecutive three years (2005–07, 2007–09, 2009–11) to assess the techno-economic feasibilities of micro-irrigation systems on yield, water use efficiency and economics of pineapple. The experiment consisted of eight irrigation treatments replicated thrice was laid out in a randomized block design. The results showed that maximum fruit yield of 56.86 t ha−1 was obtained with higher level of drip irrigation at 1.0 Eo (evaporation replenishment) and was superior to drip, micro-sprinkler and sub-surface irrigation at all levels. Surface irrigation was quite inferior in promoting yield, economics and water use efficiency. Drip irrigation at 0.6 Eo recorded the higher yield, maximum water use efficiency, water saving and benefit-cost ratio. Alternatively, micro-sprinkler irrigation at 0.6 Eo or, subsurface irrigation at 1.0 Eo could also be advantageous for obtaining higher fruit yield, water utilization and saving and economic benefit.
Phytochemical Profile and Pharmacological Activity of Vernonia amygdalina Delile Stem Bark Extracts Using Different Solvent Extraction

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

BACKGROUND: Vernonia amygdalina is a native plant from Africa which is widely distributed to Asia, especially in Indonesia. Parts of V. amygdalina such as roots, leaves, and bark are used by the community as traditional medicines such as antidiabetic, antibacterial, and anticancer. AIM: This study aims to show the effect of solvents in the V. amygdalina stem bark extraction process on phytochemical’s content and their correlation with pharmacological activities. METHODS: V. amygdalina extract from stem bark in this study was obtained using the maceration method with different solvents. The extracts were investigated for total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoids content (TFC) using calorimetry assay. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used to grouping the extracts based on Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) data. Antioxidant activity of the extracts was done using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2’-azino-bis (3-ethyl benzhothiazoline sulphonic acid) (ABTS) assay. While, the cytotoxic activity of the extracts was carried out using MTT assay on PANC-1 cell line. The correlation phytochemical content and pharmacology activities of extracts were analyzed using person correlation method. RESULTS: There were significantly different TPC and total flavonoid content of extracts (p < 0.05). The ethyl acetate extract was identified to have the highest TPC, TFC, DPPH, ABTS, and cytotoxic values of 3.61 ± 0.03 mg GAE/g dry powder, 25.12 ± 0.09 mg QE/g dry powder, 27.12 ± 0.65 μg/mL, 67.02 ± 0.23 μg/mL, and 33.83 ± 0.82 μg/mL, respectively (p < 0.05). This is supported by PCA analysis which shows that there are differences in extracts based on FTIR data and there is a strong correlation between TPC and TFC values with antioxidant and cytotoxic activities. CONCLUSIONS: This study report that each extract of V. amygdalina stem bark gives a distinct phytochemical profile (TPC, TFC, and FTIR spectrum) that contributes to the antioxidant activity and cytotoxic activity.
An open-label randomised pilot trial on safety of wheat variety C273 in patients with adult celiac disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: The only effective treatment for celiac disease (CeD) is gluten free diet (GFD). However, GFD is restrictive and efforts are being made to explore alternative therapies including safer wheat varieties. Wheat variety C273 has been previously identified to have reduced load of intact T-cell stimulatory epitopes via in silico and in vitro analysis. Methods: Adult patients diagnosed with CeD and recovered on GFD were included in the study. Patients were randomised into two groups in a 2:1 ratio. Patients in group I had graded introduction of C273 wheat in diet, maintained for 24 weeks; in Group II, wheat was restricted with continuation of GFD. Clinical symptoms, serology [anti-tissue transglutaminase (anti-tTG), anti-endomysial antibody (anti-EMA)], circulating inflammatory biomarkers [intestinal fatty-acid binding protein (I-FABP), plasma citrulline, interferon-γ (IFN-γ)] and histology were evaluated periodically. Final evaluation was performed at week 28. Results: A total of 15 patients were enrolled (Group I: n = 10, Group II: n = 5). All patients except two in Group I remained compliant. None of the remaining eight patients in group I developed symptoms. No significant changes in serology (anti-tTG, anti-EMA) and histology were observed between the two groups at 28 weeks ( p > 0.05). Significant changes in plasma citrulline(29.87 ± 8.98 versus 36.58 ± 3.09, p = 0.049) and IFN-γ (44.56 ± 9.74 versus 33.50 ± 3.68; p = 0.031) were observed in Group I. Conclusion: Consumption of C273 wheat did not result in development of symptoms or evident changes in serology and histology at 28 weeks. However, variations in circulating inflammatory markers were noted. Larger randomised trials are needed to corroborate these findings. Clinical Trials Registry-India: CTRI/2018/06/014521.
Central Laboratory Analyses of Intact PTH Using Intraoperative Samples

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

During parathyroidectomy, chemiluminescent assays of intact parathyroid hormone levels in plasma are done by point-of-care methods. A rapid central-laboratory method has been developed that might be a more convenient and less expensive alternative. The new procedure was evaluated by assaying plasma from venous blood collected in EDTA tubes and comparing the results with those obtained by an accepted method. Samples were collected during surgery, transported to the central laboratory by pneumatic tube or courier, and analyzed immediately. Results were telephoned to the operating room. Turnaround time was equivalent to that of point-of-care methods. Results were diagnostically valuable and were provided at a fraction of the cost of bedside procedures.
Task-based projects for transition from university to placements abroad: development of academic, sociocultural, and employability skills for students of Spanish as a foreign language

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This paper shows how Task-Based Learning (TBL) is used to equip second-year Spanish students at Cardiff University for their placements during their year abroad. We present a set of task-based projects embedded within the curriculum to enhance both (1) the competences students have to acquire throughout their degree, and (2) the skills to overcome the challenges involved in tasks of similar nature when studying or working abroad. These activities (including translations, presentations, essay writing and the production of a vlog) put all the knowledge acquired into practice in real-life situations. The impact of these tasks on the learning process, academic, sociocultural, and employability skills, and the students’ perceptions of the transition to placements abroad have been assessed through a survey. The sequences designed, the results and feedback collected are presented as evidence in favour of TBL as a suitable approach to qualify Higher Education (HE) students as proficient users of the target language during their time abroad.
Comparative Clinical efficacy of Jambu (Eugenia jambolana Lam.) and Kshudra jambu (Syzygium caryophyllatum (L.) Alston.) in Youvana pidaka

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aims: To compare the clinical efficacy of mature leaf of Jambu (Eugenia jambolana Lam.) and Kshudra Jambu (Syzygium caryophyllatum (L.) Alston.) in the disease Youvana pidaka (Acne vulgaris like skin manifestation).Introduction: Jambu is said to be two varieties Raja and Kshudra based on overall morphology.These two are said to have same properties, are substituted by each other and their leaf are used for the management of Youvana pidaka in folklore practice.Methods: 30 subjects having signs and symptoms of Youvana pidaka were divided into two groups of 15 each. Group A was administered Jambu patra churna (leaf powder) orally and lepa(face pack) externally once a day and Group B was administered Kshudra Jambu patra churna orally and lepa externally once a day, for a duration of 28 days. Results were assessed using objective parameters like global acne grading scale, extent of lesion, size of pidaka (lesion), healing of pidaka, number of comedones, papule, pustules and nodules, and subjective parameters like itching and srava (discharge) of pidaka. Results were interpreted using suitable statistical tests. Important observation: Jambu and Kshudra Jambu showed highly significant improvement in parameters like GAGS score, number of comedones, size of pidaka, and extent of lesion. Kshudra Jambu was slightly more effective in action than Jambu, but it was statistically insignificant. Results: Jambu and Kshudra Jambu are almost equally effective in the management of Youvana pidaka, but Kshudra Jambu has a slightly higher efficacy.
Measuring the effectiveness of research-based curriculum at a university serving a diverse student population

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

California State University Fullerton is a regional comprehensive university that serves a diverse student population. Over half of the undergraduate students at CSUF are members of minority groups, and just under half spoke a language other than English at home while growing up. We have tested research-based curricular materials, including in courses at CSUF. In some cases, these materials are successful. However, in many cases student outcomes are significantly different from those reported at large research universities. Informally, many faculty believe that the student population at CSUF is significantly different from those at more selective universities. In what ways can the tools of PER be used to measure, describe, and understand the differences between student populations? Are the standard methods of PER suitable for answering questions of this type?
Identification and Characterization of Nesfatin-1 Immunoreactivity in Endocrine Cell Types of the Rat Gastric Oxyntic Mucosa

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Hypothalamic nesfatin-1, derived from the nucleobindin2 (NUCB2) precursor, inhibits nocturnal food intake and body weight gain in rats. Nesfatin-1 is able to cross the blood-brain barrier, suggesting a peripheral source of nesfatin-1. Many centrally acting food intake regulatory neuropeptides are also produced in the periphery, especially in the gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, we investigated the gene expression of NUCB2 and distribution of nesfatin-1-immunoreactive cells in the stomach. Microarray mRNA expression profiles in purified small endocrine cells of the gastric mucosa substantiated by quantitative RT-PCR showed significantly higher NUCB2 mRNA expression compared with brain and heart. Western blot confirmed the expression of NUCB2 protein and its transport into a secretory soluble fraction of gastric mucosal endocrine cell homogenates. Immunohistochemical colabeling for nesfatin-1 and ghrelin, histidine decarboxylase, or somatostatin revealed two subtypes of nesfatin-1-positive endocrine cells. Cells in the midportion of the glands coexpressed nesfatin-1 and ghrelin, whereas few cells in the glandular base coexpressed nesfatin-1 and somatostatin or histidine decarboxylase. High-resolution three-dimensional volume imaging revealed two separate populations of intracytoplasmic vesicles in these cells, one containing nesfatin-1 and the other ghrelin immunoreactivity. Microarray rat genome expression data of NUCB2 in small gastric endocrine cells confirmed by quantitative RT-PCR showed significant down-regulation of NUCB2 after 24 h fasting. In summary, NUCB2 mRNA expression as well as protein content is present in a specific subset of gastric endocrine cells, most of which coexpress ghrelin. NUCB2 gene expression is significantly regulated by nutritional status, suggesting a regulatory role of peripheral nesfatin-1 in energy homeostasis. Nesfatin-1/nucleobindin 2 is co-expressed in gastric ghrelin-containing X/A-like cells, suggesting the release of orexigenic and anorexigenic peptides from the same endocrine cells regulating food intake.
Bioextrusion of Broken Rice in the Presence of Divalent Metal Salts: Effects on Starch Microstructure and Phenolics Compounds

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Broken rice has become more popular to be sustainably used due its low-cost and potential utilization for preparing purified/modified starches and fermented products. The use of broken rice as substrate of an enzymatic extrusion process modified by divalent metal salts was investigated. Six metal salts with concentrations 0.6, 1.2, and 1.8 mmol/100g (db of starch) were premixed with a thermostable α-amylase and with broken rice before being extruded. Extrudates were characterized using RVA, X-ray, FT–IR, and SEM techniques. RVA results showed that Mg(II), Ca(II), Mn(II), and Zn(II) decreased extrudate viscosity whereas Fe(II) and Cu(II) increased it compared to extrusion performed in absence of salts. DNS test demonstrated that nontransition metals Mg(II) and Ca(II) activated the enzyme and improved the extrusion performance, while transition metals Mn(II), Fe(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II) inhibited the activity of the enzyme. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) showed that all ions contributed to slightly increase the extrudate crystallinity. Holes of various sizes were observed on the surface of the extruded material when salts were used, indicating changes in enzymatic action. The residual content of phenolics increased when the ions Mg(II), Ca(II), and Mn(II) were used while the hydrogen (rather than electron) donating capacity of phenolics was slightly influenced.
In situTEM study of the order-disorder phase transition in Cd6Mapproximants at low temperature

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

An occurrence of an order-disorder phase transition was first discovered in Cd 6 Ca and Cd 6 Yb at 100K and 110K, respectively, which has been attributed to orientational ordering of the Cd 4 tetrahedron in the centre of the cluster.A series of Cd 6 M (M = Ca, Sr, Rare earth metals) compounds [1,2] are 1/1 cubic approximants to the binary Cd 5.7 Yb and Cd 5.7 Ca quasicrystals.Also, Cd 6 M possesses a bcc lattice made of the Tsai-type icosahedral cluster [3,4].The Tsai-type icosahedral cluster is composed of four successive shells, which are, from the centre, a Cd 4 tetrahedron, a Cd 20 dodecahedron, a M 12 icosahedron and a Cd 30 icosidodecahedron.For most Cd 6 M (expect for Cd 6 Eu and Cd 6 Ce), the Cd 4 tetrahedron at the centre is orientationally disordered at room temperature.Among them, Cd 6 Ca has been investigated in detail and it has been found that Cd 6 Ca transforms into a lattice with space group C2/c below 100 K [5].In the present work, we have investigated superlattice structures and structural relationship between the ordered and disordered phases in a variety of Cd 6 M (M = Y, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Tm, Er and Lu) by in-situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) at low temperatures.In the cases of Cd 6 M (M = Y, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd and Tb), we have observed superlattice reflections at 20 K in the selected area electron diffraction patterns.The superlattice reflections are explained by a C-centred monoclinic lattice with space group C2/c or Cc as well as Cd 6 Ca.It suggests that the C-monoclinic superlattice structures are commonly formed for Cd 6 M (M = Ca[5], Y, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd and Tb).In contrast, for Cd 6 Ho, Cd 6 Er, Cd 6 Tm and Cd 6 Lu, which have a smallest atomic radius of M, no superlattice reflection has been observed down to 20 K.The results indicated that no order-disorder phase transition occurs in Cd 6 M (M = Ho, Tm, Er and Lu) and the Cd 4 tetrahedron at the centre of the icosahedral cluster remains disordered down to 20 K.The difference in the structure of the low temperature phase is well classified in terms of the atomic radius of M elements, which indicates that the space inside the M 12 icosahedron plays a dominant role in the ordered phase formation.Results of other TEM observations will be discussed in details.
CfP: edited collection "Historical Horrors and the Horrors of History: 21st Century Screen Horror and the Historical Imagination". Deadline: Dec 16, 2019.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Editors Amanda Howell and Stephanie Green (School of Humanities, Languages, and Social Science, Griffith University, Australia) seek contributors to an anthology whose collective analysis will be directed to the question: <em> What can 21st century film and television tell us about the historical imagination of horror? </em> Fredric Jameson observes pithily in <em> The Political Unconscious </em> (1982/2017) that 'History is what hurts' (88),
The effect of treatment on zinc, copper and calcium status in children with phenylketonuria

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract The trace element status of 25 children receiving a low phenylalanine diet for a treatment of phenylketonuria was studied using hair and serum samples. Hair trace element and calcium concentrations were assayed using X‐ray microanalysis and compared with samples from sibling controls. Plasma, zinc and copper levels were compared with unselected hospital attenders. PKU patients were found to have significantly lower hair zinc ( P <0.001) and calcium ( P <0.01) concentrations and significantly higher hair copper ( P <0.001) concentrations compared with controls. Plasma zinc levels were below the lower limit of normal (9.6µmol l −1 ) in 8 of 19 patients (42%) in whom it was measured. The relative zinc deficiency in PKU patients may result from a competitive inhibition of absorption by copper or other metals supplemented in the diet.
Are low socioeconomic status smokers less willing to quit? Factors associated with desire to quit smoking, plan to quit and quit attempts in France in 2021

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

reports of data from original research.• Policy Case Studies -brief articles on policy development at a regional or national level.• Study Protocols -Articles describing a research protocol of a study.• Methodology Papers -Papers that present different methodological approaches that can be used to investigate problems in a relevant scientific field and to encourage innovation.• Tobacco Industry Monitoring Letters -brief articles on tobacco industry tactics.
Multitasking in the gut:X-ray structure of a multidomain BbgIII from Bifidobacterium bifidum offers possible explanations for its alternative functions

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

β-Galactosidases catalyse the hydrolysis of lactose into galactose and glucose; as an alternative reaction, some β-galactosidases also catalyse the formation of galactooligosaccharides by transglycosylation. Both reactions have industrial importance: lactose hydrolysis is used to produce lactose-free milk, while galactooligosaccharides have been shown to act as prebiotics. For some multi-domain β-galactosidases, the hydrolysis/transglycosylation ratio can be modified by the truncation of carbohydrate-binding modules. Here, an analysis of BbgIII, a multidomain β-galactosidase from Bifidobacterium bifidum, is presented. The X-ray structure has been determined of an intact protein corresponding to a gene construct of eight domains. The use of evolutionary covariance-based predictions made sequence docking in low-resolution areas of the model spectacularly easy, confirming the relevance of this rapidly developing deep-learning-based technique for model building. The structure revealed two alternative orientations of the CBM32 carbohydrate-binding module relative to the GH2 catalytic domain in the six crystallographically independent chains. In one orientation the CBM32 domain covers the entrance to the active site of the enzyme, while in the other orientation the active site is open, suggesting a possible mechanism for switching between the two activities of the enzyme, namely lactose hydrolysis and transgalactosylation. The location of the carbohydrate-binding site of the CBM32 domain on the opposite site of the module to where it comes into contact with the catalytic GH2 domain is consistent with its involvement in adherence to host cells. The role of the CBM32 domain in switching between hydrolysis and transglycosylation modes offers protein-engineering opportunities for selective β-galactosidase modification for industrial purposes in the future.
Autonomous Vehicle Video Aided Navigation – Coupling INS and Video Approaches

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract. As autonomous vehicle systems become more prevalent, their navigation capabilities become increasingly critical. Currently most systems rely on a combined GPS/INS solution for vehicle pose computation, while some systems use a video-based approach. One problem with a GPS/INS approach is the possible loss of GPS data, especially in urban environments. Using only INS in this case causes significant drift in the computed pose. The video-based approach is not always reliable due to its heavy dependence on image texture. Our approach to autonomous vehicle navigation exploits the best of both of these by coupling an outlier-robust video-based solution with INS when GPS is unavailable. This allows accurate computation of the system’s current pose in these situations. In this paper we describe our system design and provide an analysis of its performance, using simulated data with a range of different noise levels. 1
FOOD AND FEEDING HABITS OF SOME FISH SPECIES IN OGUN STATE COASTAL ESTUARY, OGUN STATE, NIGERIA

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The food and feeding habits of eight (8) fish species Elops lacerta, Chrysichthys auratus, Schilbe mys-tus, Sardinella maderensis, Synodontis schall, Hepsetus odoe, Tilapia zillii and Mugil cephalus in Ogun estuary, Ogun State, Nigeria were studied and estimated for six months, between February and July, 2014. A total of 470 fishes were randomly collected from the commercial fishermen during the study. Results from the stomach contents analysed using frequency of occurrence and numerical methods showed that S. mystus, E. lacerta, S. maderensis, H. odoe, S. schall, T. zillii, M. cephalus and C. auratus were predators, piscivores, herbivores, piscivores, omnivores, herbivores, herbivores and omnivores respectively while H. odoe and S.mystus partly fed on E. lacerta and T. zillii respec-tively. The Diet Breadth (D) ranged from 0.76 to 0.88 and the percentage Gut Repletion Index (GRI), a reflection of frequency of feeding, ranged between 60-100%.
Korean College Students’ Reflexive Positions Toward Extensive Reading and Follow-up Activities

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Extensive reading activities are believed to be an effective way of increasing literacy and language development. Although previous work focused on the relation between extensive reading and overall linguistic competence and learner attitudes, the perspectives of language learners toward the post activities of extensive reading have not been adequately addressed. The study reported in this article was conducted to illuminate how English major and non English major students at a university in South Korea positioned themselves with regards to the follow-up extensive reading activities. Through a recursive analysis of interview data, survey, field notes, and student journal entries, the findings demonstrated that although a majority of students positioned themselves as tolerant and competent when they engaged in extensive reading activities, they positioned themselves as less capable in the required post-reading tasks. In light of the findings, implications for extensive reading activities and roles of teachers are discussed.