jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
An antibody present in normal human serum inhibits the binding of cytokines to their receptors in an in vitro system

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The presence of active transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) in serum has not been widely accepted. In particular, although at least five studies have concluded that active TGF-β is present in normal human plasma and serum, assays that use the extracellular domain of the TGF-β type II receptor as a capture agent have given contradictory results. We show that there is an antagonist present in normal human serum which inhibits the binding of active TGF-β to the extracellular domain of the TGF-β type II receptor when it is coated on the well of an ELISA plate. This antagonist activity is due to a pool of immunoglobulins of the G2, D and M classes. Moreover, we show that this same pool of immunoglobulins also recognizes the extracellular domain of the platelet-derived growth factor α-receptor, insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor and interleukin-3 receptor, by serial transfer of serum over the different receptors. In addition, the same immunoglobulin pool inhibits the binding of platelet-derived growth factor-AA to its receptor, in an analogous way to the inhibition of binding of TGF-β to its type II receptor. Circumstantial evidence suggests that the pool of immunoglobulins is recognizing a carbohydrate residue that is attached to the protein when it is synthesized by the mouse myeloma cell line, NSO, in which it is made. If the cytokine receptors are similarly glycosylated in vivo, then the presence of these antibodies in normal human serum may modulate physiological cytokine signalling.
Cadmium Selenide: A Promising Novel Room Temperature Radiation Detector

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Large single crystals of CdSe weighing about 30g were grown by the vertical unseeded vapor growth technique at a linear growth rate of 5mm/day and a temperature gradient of 10°C/cm. Crystal perfection and homogeneity were evaluated by Laue X-ray diffraction, etch pit density, SEM and microprobe analysis methods. The dark resistivity of the as-grown and the heat treated crystal was about 1Ωcm and 1012Ωcm respectively. Slices were used to fabricate room temperature detectors for nuclear radiation energy. The detectors showed high efficiency and stability as a function of time for radiation sources from 1OKeV to 66OKeV.
Use of a Long Short-Term Memory Network in Radio Tomography to Track People Indoors

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The aim of the research is to develop a system enabling effective and efficient tracking of people inside buildings using radio waves. The presented concept uses radio tomography imaging (RTI) as a passive analysis of radio wave interference as well as active connections with transmitting and receiving devices---mainly smartphones. A long short-term memory (LSTM) neural network was used to solve the inverse tomographic problem of converting measurements into images. The presented concept uses a proprietary design of transducers, which are transmitting and receiving devices that can exchange information with each other and establish connections with other devices. The novelty is the hybrid nature of the people location system, using both device-free and device-based methods. Another new approach is using the LSTM network to solve the inverse problem in RTI. Both solutions make the location system much more flexible, which makes imaging much more accurate and reliable.
Socioeconomic characteristics of mothers and their relationship with dietary diversity and food group consumption of their children

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Aim The aim of this study was to analyse the relationship between socioeconomic characteristics of mothers and dietary diversity (DD) as well as food group (FG) consumption of their children in Mexico. Methods A sample of 1041 children aged 1 to 4 years from the 2012 Mexican National Health and Nutrition Survey was analysed. DD included nine FG: dairy, meat, egg, fish, fruits, vegetables, legumes, tubers and cereals. For DD as well as for each FG, relative means were estimated from Poisson regressions with covariates of mothers' socioeconomic characteristics such as attained educational level, occupation, Indigenous language spoken, household socioeconomic status and child's characteristics. Standard errors were adjusted to account for data dependencies within primary sampling units. Results Children whose mothers had college education were less likely to have low DD (−57%, P < .01) and more likely to consume meat (+27%, P < .05), fruits (+17%, P < .01) and vegetables (+43%, P < .01) compared to children whose mothers had elementary education or none. Children of mothers who speak an Indigenous language had considerably higher (58%, P < .001) probability of low DD than non‐Indigenous speaking mothers. Conclusions Specific mother characteristics may either limit or facilitate access to nutrient diverse diets. These characteristics should be taken into account for designing public policies geared towards improving diet and nutritional status during the first years of life.
Physicochemical stability of a metformin solution from three commercial brands

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Pharmacological management of insulin resistance and dyslipidaemias in children and adolescents is required to prevent the development of metabolic syndrome (MS) and type II diabetes mellitus (DM2). Material and method: we developed extemporaneous formulations from 500 mg-tablets from three generic brands, commercially available in Mexican drugstores: MedimartTM, Farmacias del AhorroTM and Primer NivelTM, dissolved in water sweetened with Splenda, which made them palatable and allowed customised dose adjustment. Solutions were stored at four environmental conditions: 25oC exposed to light, 25oC protected from light, 4oC and 40oC, and their physicochemical stability was assayed. The stability of the drug was determined by ultra performance liquid chromatography and ultraviolet detection (UPLC-UV) and by measuring the pH of the stock solution. The mobile phase consisted of (KH2PO4) 0.1 M, pH = 6.5, 4.6 mM sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) and acetonitrile (63:7:30) at 0.8 mL/min, column VARIAN Pursuit C8 150 × 3.9 mm tempered at 40oC, with detection at 236 nm. Results: Metformin from all trademarks was stable at all storage conditions for up to 30 days, retaining more than 90% of the initial amount of active drug, with a pH of 7.4 ± 0.3. Conclusion: Metformin extemporaneous formulations may be developed from either the innovator or generic brands, having the advantage of saving money and conserving the stability of its physicochemical properties. Keywords: Generic metformin, Innovator metformin, Extemporaneous formulation, Physicochemical stability, UPLC-UV.
Silencing of catalase reduces unfavorable low‐temperature tolerance capacity in whiteflies

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract BACKGROUND Temperature is a primary factor that determines the eco‐geographical distribution and population development of invasive insects. Temperature stress leads to various negative effects, including excess reactive oxygen species (ROS), and catalase (CAT) is a key enzyme against ROS in the antioxidant pathway. The whitefly Bemisia tabaci MED is a typical invasive pest that causes damage worldwide. Our previous studies have shown that CAT promotes whitefly adaptation to high temperature by eliminating ROS. However, the mechanism underlying the low‐temperature adaptation of whiteflies is still unknown. RESULTS In this study, we investigated the role of CAT in the low‐temperature tolerance of B. tabaci MED by analyzing its survival rate, reproduction, and ROS levels at 25 °C (as a control, suitable temperature), 20 °C (moderately decreased temperature), and 4 °C (severely decreased temperature). Silencing of BtCAT1 , BtCAT2, or BtCAT3 reduced the viability of whiteflies under a short‐term severely decreased temperature (4 °C), which manifested as decreases in survival and fecundity accompanied by significant increases in ROS levels. Moreover, even at a moderately decreased temperature (20 °C), silencing of BtCAT1 led to high ROS levels and low survival rates in adults. CONCLUSION Silencing of BtCATs significantly increased the sensitivity of B. tabaci MED to low temperatures. BtCAT1 is likely more essential than other BtCATs for low‐temperature tolerance in whiteflies. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Scale Effect and Correlation between Uniaxial Compressive Strength and Point Load Index for Limestone and Travertine

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Determining the uniaxial compressive strength of intact rock is the primary objective of a geomechanical project, and a reliable estimate in the early phases saves time and costs for more sophisticated laboratory tests. The problem is knowing which of the correlations between the resistance to uniaxial compression and point load index are reliable, those that cover one or several types of rock (depending on the type of statistical adjustment). In this work, they were evaluated with respect to limestone and travertine from experimental results, and the statistical models of the scale effect of the point load index were determined, and the uniaxial compressive strength being estimated from correlations reported in literature. The limestone model was ascending (strength increases as diameter increases), while the travertine model was descending (strength decreases as diameter increases), obtaining similar exponents for the scale effect equations modeled from the uniaxial compressive strength and point load index in both cases.
Monitoring of Current Cancer Therapy by Positron Emission Tomography and Possible Role of Radiomics Assessment

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Evaluation of cancer therapy with imaging is crucial as a surrogate marker of effectiveness and survival. The unique response patterns to therapy with immune-checkpoint inhibitors have facilitated the revision of response evaluation criteria using FDG-PET, because the immune response recalls reactive cells such as activated T-cells and macrophages, which show increased glucose metabolism and apparent progression on morphological imaging. Cellular metabolism and function are critical determinants of the viability of active cells in the tumor microenvironment, which would be novel targets of therapies, such as tumor immunity, metabolism, and genetic mutation. Considering tumor heterogeneity and variation in therapy response specific to the mechanisms of therapy, appropriate response evaluation is required. Radiomics approaches, which combine objective image features with a machine learning algorithm as well as pathologic and genetic data, have remarkably progressed over the past decade, and PET radiomics has increased quality and reliability based on the prosperous publications and standardization initiatives. PET and multimodal imaging will play a definitive role in personalized therapeutic strategies by the precise monitoring in future cancer therapy.
Neuronal pathway and signal modulation for motor communication

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The knowledge of the mechanisms of motor imagery (MI) is very important for the development of braincomputer interfaces. Depending on neurophysiological cortical activity, MI can be divided into two categories: visual imagery (VI) and kinesthetic imagery (KI). Our magnetoencephalography (MEG) experiments with ten untrained subjects provided evidences that inhibitory control plays a dominant role in KI. We found that communication between inferior parietal cortex and frontal cortex is realised in the mu-frequency range. We also pinpointed three gamma frequencies to be used for motor command communication. The use of artificial intelligence allowed us to classify MI of left and right hands with maximal classification accuracy using the brain activity encoded in the identified gamma frequencies which were then proposed to be used for communication of specifics. Mu-activity was identified as the carrier of gamma-activity between these areas by means of phase-amplitude coupling similar to the modern day radio wave transmission.
Occurrence Download

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

A dataset containing 13 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query: { "and" : [ "TaxonKey is Oldenlandia lancifolia", "Country is Ecuador", "HasCoordinate is true" ] } The dataset includes 13 records from 5 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0018913-250920141307145/datasets/export for details. Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
Apparent virus contamination in biopharmaceutical product at centocor.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Out-of-specification (OOS) results were reported by a contract lab in the in vitro adventitious agent assay (AVA) for two products manufactured using mouse myeloma cells in perfusion bioreactors. Cytopathic effect observed for test article-inoculated MRC-5 monolayers resembled foci seen in tissue culture cells infected with transforming viruses. All reasonable known technologies, including highly sensitive, state-of-the-art methodologies and multiple, redundant, and orthogonal methods, were deployed to screen broadly for potential viral and microbial contaminants. Due to the appearance of apparent foci, testing for murine, bovine, and human polyomavirus contamination was heavily represented in the analytical investigation. The results obtained in this extensive screening provided convincing evidence for the lack of an infectious viral or other biological agent. Although the initial investigation produced no reason to invalidate AVA yielding OOS results or to suspect an assay artifact, an extended evaluation revealed several irregularities at the contract test lab reporting the OOS results. The extended investigation also included attempts to reproduce OOS results at alternate contract testing labs and an inter-laboratory study in which methodological differences in the AVA at the three different contract labs were investigated. Only the contract lab initially reporting the OOS results reported foci during this extended evaluation. The results of the inter-laboratory study suggested that the foci artifact might be attributed to the prolonged exposure of the MRC-5 monolayer to cell debris present in the test article. Confocal immunofluorescence microscopy and transmission electron microscopy were subsequently used to provide convincing evidence that the foci observed in test article-inoculated AVA wells were composed of a core of degraded myeloma cell debris covered by one or more layers of MRC-5 cells. The observation that the foci were detected in the AVA at a contract lab where the MRC-5 monolayer is exposed to production cell line debris for a prolonged period strongly suggests that these foci form when MRC-5 grow over the cell debris present in the test article. The cumulative results of the investigation supported the conclusion that the OOS results were artifacts of the AVA test system and not a result of contamination with a virus or other biological agent. Testing was discontinued at the contract lab generating the OOS results and validated at a second contract lab. Manufacturing resumed in consultation with health authorities. The lots were retested following a standard operating procedure (SOP) already in place and ultimately dispositioned for use in normal distribution channels.
Fig. S8 from Feed-Forward Reciprocal Activation of PAFR and STAT3 Regulates Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<p>PAFR expression was associated with E-cadherin, N-cadherin, vimentin, snail, or Zeb-1 expression in 90 primary human NSCLC specimens.</p>
BEM Analysis of the Potential Distribution on a Tubular Structure under Cathodic Protection

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In order to analyze the cathodic protection problem of a tubular structure, such as an offshore jacket or a platform, by the boundary element method (BEM), three types of cylindrical surface isoparametric elements : cylindrical linear element, cylindrical surface trapezoidal bilinear element and cylindrical surface triangular linear element, are developed. By combining these three elements, any complex tubular structure can be represented exactly, and the accuracy in a BEM analysis of the cathodic protection problem of a tubular structure is improved. An optimal mesh system which significantly saves CPU time comparing with a plane element mesh system can be made easily from these types of cylindrical surface element.In order to simplify the mesh division in the BEM analysis of a tubular structure with a lot of joints, a simplified model of the tubular joint, in which the joint is separated into simple tubes, is investigated by using the proposed elements. In the case that no anode is near to the intersected node of the joint or that the anode is near to the intersected node, but radii are not so big, this simplification is applicable to tubular structures.
The Effect of Different Water Content on Vigor of Wild Oats Seeds in Karst Regions

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The effect of different water content on vigor of wild oats seeds in karst regions were studied by silica gel to reduce the moisture content from 13.14% to 10%,9.5%,9%,8.5%,8%,7.5%,7%,6.5%,6%,5.5% respectively and by storing one year under common,high temperature and humidity conditions.The results showed that the germination rate,germination index and vigor index of the wild oats in common environment were higher than in high temperature and humidity conditions.And the seed germination rate were higher than 75% between the water content of 5.5% and 10%.Accordingly,the wild oats seeds could maintain high vitality under appropriate water content.
From the northern ice shield to the Alpine glaciations

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The route of the field trip described in this excursion guide follows a section through Germany from North to South, from the area of the Northern glaciation, to the Alpine glacial advances. It includes several places of historical importance, where milestones in Quaternary research have been achieved in the past, as well as new interesting sites where results of recent research is presented.
[Specific chromosome aberrations in human soft-tissue tumors and their diagnostic significance].

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Recent cytogenetic studies have revealed that several types of benign and malignant human soft tissue tumors are characterized by highly specific chromosome abnormalities. In this article, we review the primary and secondary chromosome aberrations detected in lipoma, uterine leiomyoma, Ewing sarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, myxoid liposarcoma, synovial sarcoma, and clear cell sarcoma of tendons and aponeuroses. The primary aberrations are unique for the particular tumor type and therefore are of diagnostic value. Most recent molecular studies indicate that several sarcoma-specific translocations result in the gene fusion and creation of tumor-specific proteins that are novel DNA transcription factors.
Pregnancy-Associated Cardiomyopathy (PACM) in a Preeclamptic Woman with Twin Pregnancy: A Case Report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Peripartální kardiomyopatie (peripartum cardiomyopathy, PPCM) není časté onemocnění; jedná se o typ dilatační kardiomyopatie postihující ženy v posledním měsíci těhotenství a v prvních pěti měsících po porodu. Tomuto onemocnění předchází podobné, označované jako těhotenská kardiomyopatie (pregnancy-associ- ated cardiomyopathy, PACM). Morbidita i mortalita v souvislosti s oběma onemocněními jsou vysoké. U žen s preeklampsií a vícečetným těhotenstvím existuje výrazně vyšší riziko rozvoje PACM/PPCM. Na oddělení urgentního příjmu se dostavila 40letá multipara ve 20. týdnu vícečetného těhotenství s kašlem, dyspnoe, výraznými bilaterálními chrůpky, otoky končetin, kardiomegalií, hypertenzí, proteinurií a s hodnotou ejekční frakce levé komory 26 %. Byla u ní stanovena diagnóza akutního otoku plic, PACM a preeklampsie. Těhotenství bylo ukončeno a byla zahájena farmakologická léčba srdečního selhání. Při PACM může být odklad diagnostického vyšetření spojen se závažnou morbiditou matek a mortalitou novorozenců. Případ poukázal na nutnost věnovat pozornost preeklampsii a vícečetnému těhotenství jako rizikovým faktorům; tyto ženy mohou být i kandidátkami monitorování funkce levé komory. Časné a vhodné řešení může zabránit rozvoji ireverzibilní PACM.
Efficient Management of the Nitritation-Anammox Microbiome Through Intermittent Aeration: Absence of the NOB Guild and Expansion and Diversity of the NOx Reducing Guild Suggests A Highly Reticulated Nitrogen Cycle

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Obtaining efficient autotrophic ammonia removal (aka partial nitritation-anammox, or PNA) requires a balanced microbiome with abundant aerobic and anaerobic ammonia oxidizing prokaryotes and scarce nitrite oxidizing bacteria. Here, we analyzed the microbiome of an efficient PNA process that was obtained by sequential feeding and periodic aeration. The genomes of the dominant community members were inferred from metagenomes obtained over a 6 month period. Three Brocadia spp. genomes and three Nitrosomonas spp. genomes dominated the autotrophic community; no NOB genomes were retrieved. Two of the Brocadia spp. genomes lacked the genomic potential for nitrite reduction. A diverse set of heterotrophic genomes was retrieved – each containing genomic potential for only a fraction of the denitrification pathway. A mutual dependency in amino acid and vitamin synthesis was noted between autotrophic and heterotrophic community members. Our analysis suggests a highly-reticulated nitrogen cycle in the examined PNA microbiome with nitric oxide (NO) exchange between the heterotrophs and the anammox guild.
Origins of Order in Cognitive Activity

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Most cognitive scientists have run across The War of the Ghosts, a Native American story used by Bartlett (1932) in his classic studies of remembering. British college students read the story twice and recalled it in detail after 15 minutes, hours, days, months, or years “as opportunity offered” (p. 65). The compelling finding was that participants reinterpreted parts of the story, in addition to omitting details. The mystical story was reorganized and changed in the retelling to fit cultural norms of the British participants. In other words, errors in retelling the story were neither random nor arbitrary but fit together within a larger created narrative. The memory errors illustrate the ordinary constructive performance of cognition and the creation of orderly and sensible thought. Despite perpetually moving eyes, swaying body, and ambiguous stimuli, people perceive coherent and orderly objects. Despite the lack of explicit links between events, higher-order cognition fits thought and behavior within larger coherent narratives. However, the origin of such order remains a mystery. What is the basis of orderly thought, memory, speech, and other cognitive abilities?