jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Semi-supervised learning for structured regression on partially observed attributed graphs

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Conditional probabilistic graphical models provide a powerful framework for structured regression in spatio-temporal datasets with complex correlation patterns. However, in real-life applications a large fraction of observations is often missing, which can severely limit the representational power of these models. In this paper we propose a Marginalized Gaussian Conditional Random Fields (m-GCRF) structured regression model for dealing with missing labels in partially observed temporal attributed graphs. This method is aimed at learning with both labeled and unlabeled parts and effectively predicting future values in a graph. The method is even capable of learning from nodes for which the response variable is never observed in history, which poses problems for many state-of-the-art models that can handle missing data. The proposed model is characterized for various missingness mechanisms on 500 synthetic graphs. The benefits of the new method are also demonstrated on a challenging application for predicting precipitation based on partial observations of climate variables in a temporal graph that spans the entire continental US. We also show that the method can be useful for optimizing the costs of data collection in climate applications via active reduction of the number of weather stations to consider. In experiments on these real-world and synthetic datasets we show that the proposed model is consistently more accurate than alternative semi-supervised structured models, as well as models that either use imputation to deal with missing values or simply ignore them altogether.
Problems associated with assessment of the effect of GDP upon hormone stimulation of adenylate cyclase

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Correspondence| November 15 1983 Problems associated with assessment of the effect of GDP upon hormone stimulation of adenylate cyclase G J Murphy; G J Murphy Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar D A Stansfield D A Stansfield Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem J (1983) 216 (2): 527–528. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj2160527 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation G J Murphy, D A Stansfield; Problems associated with assessment of the effect of GDP upon hormone stimulation of adenylate cyclase. Biochem J 15 November 1983; 216 (2): 527–528. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bj2160527 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Journal Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1983 London: The Biochemical Society1983 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Decadal-Scale Change in a Large-River Ecosystem

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Like many large-river ecosystems, the Hudson River has been changing rapidly, chiefly as a result of human activities. Many of these changes take place on a decadal timescale, longer than the duration of most ecological studies. We use long-term studies of the Hudson to describe decadal-scale change in this ecosystem. Major impacts on the Hudson in the last few decades include biological invasions, climate change and extreme weather events, and changes in harvests of fishes. The effects of these impacts may be manifested at even longer timescales because of slow ecological responses and rapid evolution. Similar changes are occurring in large rivers around the world. We propose a framework based on the abruptness, severity, duration, and novelty of the drivers and responses to organize and understand these highly varied decadal-scale changes. Tracking and managing these rapidly changing ecosystems require an active program of scientific research and monitoring.
Ephedrine Infusion Prevents Hypotension and Reduces Nausea in Cesarean Section Under Spinal Anesthesia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In this study, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy of ephedrine infusion in preventing hypotension and minimizing nausea in healthy pregnant women undergoing elective cesarean sections with spinal anesthesia. Forty-four participants were included, with 20 receiving ephedrine infusion and 24 serving as controls receiving bolus injections. Results revealed a significant reduction in the incidence of hypotension (p > 0.1) and nausea (p < 0.001) in the infusion group compared to the controls. No instances of reactive hypertension were observed in the infusion group. Other variables including Apgar scores, fetal blood gas tensions, and onset of respiration remained comparable between the groups. These findings suggest that ephedrine infusion is not only safe but also preferable in mitigating adverse events during cesarean sections under spinal anesthesia in normal pregnancies. Highlights: Ephedrine infusion effectively prevents hypotension during cesarean sections under spinal anesthesia. Administration of ephedrine infusion significantly reduces the incidence of nausea compared to bolus injections. No instances of reactive hypertension were observed in patients receiving ephedrine infusion, highlighting its safety profile in this context. Keywords: Ephedrine Infusion, Cesarean Section, Spinal Anesthesia, Hypotension Prevention, Nausea Reduction
Entropic analysis of the role of words in literary texts

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Beyond the local constraints imposed by grammar, words concatenated in long sequences carrying a complex message show statistical regularities that may reflect their linguistic role in the message. In this paper, we perform a systematic statistical analysis of the use of words in literary English corpora. We show that there is a quantitative relation between the role of content words in literary English and the Shannon information entropy defined over an appropriate probability distribution. Without assuming any previous knowledge about the syntactic structure of language, we are able to cluster certain groups of words according to their specific role in the text.
Extending the process of comparison in soft systems methodology

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Soft systems methodology (SSM) is a leading interpretive approach to real-world problem management and the idea of comparison is one of its core concepts. However, it is argued in this paper that the concept of comparison could be usefully enriched and made easier to operationalise since it has received very little attention in the research literature. The paper explores comparison as a problem area and proposes a framework consisting of expectation, desirability and importance as a basis for extending and clarifying the notion of comparison.
An Investigation into the Relationship between Social Class and Individual Modernism in Yazd

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The present study investigates the relationship between people’s social class and their attitudes toward modernism. This paper is based on a survey research which carried out among a sample of 249 of the 15-year old citizens of Yazd. Based on the definitions given for modernism, in general, most theorists considered 8 components as the main components of modernism. The findings of the study show that there is a significant and direct relationship between utilitarianism, democratic approach, scientific orientation, liberalism, and rationalism, on the one hand,and social class, on the other hand; whereas, individualism, consumerism and criticism did not have a significant relationship with social class.
www.ijergs.org Design of Impact Load Testing Machine for COT

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract: this paper describes the design of a new pneumatically load applied machine that has been specifically design for studying the dynamic mechanical behavior of COT (wooden bed). Such type of equipment has been used to generate simple and measurable fracture processes under moderate to fast loading rates which produce complicated crack patterns that are difficult to analyze. We are developing the machine as a facility to provide experimental data to validate numerical data of impact load on COT that observe kinetic energy during collision. The machine consists of two main parts, the mechanical structure and the data acquisition system. The development process included the design, development, fabrication, and function tests of the machine.
Racial Disparities and Achievement of the Low Lupus Disease Activity State: A CARRA Registry Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective Differential disease control may contribute to racial disparities in outcomes of childhood‐onset systemic lupus erythematosus (cSLE). We evaluated associations of race and individual‐ or neighborhood‐level social determinants of health (SDoH) with achievement of low lupus disease activity state (LLDAS), a clinically relevant treatment target. Methods In this cSLE cohort study using the Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance (CARRA) Registry, the primary exposure was self‐reported race and ethnicity, and collected SDoH included insurance status and area deprivation index (ADI). Outcomes included LLDAS, disease activity, and time‐averaged prednisone exposure. Associations among race and ethnicity, SDoH, and disease activity were estimated with multivariable regression models, adjusting for disease‐related and demographic factors. Results Among 540 children with cSLE, 27% identified as Black, 25% identified as White, 23% identified as Latino/a, 11% identified as Asian, 9% identified as more than one race, and 5% identified as other. More Black children (41%) lived in neighborhoods of highest ADI compared to White children (16%). Black race was associated with lower LLDAS achievement (adjusted odds ratio 0.56, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.38–0.82) and higher disease activity (adjusted β 0.94, 95% CI 0.11–1.78). The highest ADI was not associated with lower LLDAS achievement on adjustment for renal disease and insurance. However, renal disease was found to be a significant mediator ( P = 0.04) of the association between ADI and prednisone exposure. Conclusions Children with cSLE who identified as Black are less likely to achieve LLDAS and have a higher disease activity. Living in areas of higher ADI may relate to renal disease and subsequent prednisone exposure. Strategies to address root causes will be important to design interventions mitigating cSLE racial disparities.
Tersilochinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Costa Rica, part 1. Genera Allophrys Förster, Barycnemis Förster and Meggoleus Townes

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The Costa Rican fauna of three tersilochine genera, Allophrys Förster, Barycnemis Förster and Meggoleus Townes, is re-vised. Seven species, A. barycnemica sp. nov., A. bribria sp. nov., A. compressor sp. nov., A. hansoni sp. nov., A. mega-frons sp. nov., A. noyesi sp. nov. and B. costaricensis sp. nov., are described as new. Allophrys divaricata Horstmann, M.spirator Townes and two groups of undescribed species of Allophrys are newly recorded from Costa Rica. A key to theCosta Rican species of Allophrys is provided. Finger-shaped sensory flagellar structures, previously known in two European species of Phradis Förster, are registered in all Costa Rican species of Allophrys, Barycnemis and Meggoleus.
Viscoelastic scaling in polymer gels

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

New scaling laws for chain networks are derived to describe the fundamental relationships between the viscosity exponent (k), viscoelastic exponent (m), stretched exponent (β), spatial dimension (d). fractal dimension (df), and a universal constant (γ). The scaling of the total number of monomers and the radius of gyration is defined by df. We have discovered γ = m/β to be a universal constant which relates the shear modulus of a polymer gel melt to the shear modulus near the glass transition. Analyzing the size-dependent shear viscosity, we have determined γ = 3dfcd/(7d−5dfc) = 2.647 for d = 3 where dfc is the fractal dimension of critical clusters at the gel point. By using γ, the present theory extends previous work pertaining to systems near the sol-gel transition, and shows how properties far from the critical point can be explained. The theoretical prediction is in good agreement with viscoelastic measurements.
Interspecific differences in the vertical distribution patterns of Sebastes inermis and S. ventricosus: suppl. fig. 2

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Figure 2. Schematic illustration from the side view of the 1-kL tank and the experimental apparatus used in a laboratory experiment conducted at the Fisheries and Ocean Technologies Center of the Hiroshima Prefectural Technology Research Institute in 2011.In this coexistence experiment, three fourths of the side of the tank was covered with a black nylon sheet (0.02 mm in thickness), with a square window cut out of the sheet for observation.A similar nylon sheet was stretched horizontally 1 m above the digital video camera to block the light from the mercury lamp installed in the ceiling and to facilitate observation of the fish in the tank through the observation window on the side.Supply of filtered seawater Digital video camera Black nylon sheet for blind PVC pipe
Storehouse of Stimulants: Opium in the Market of al-Mukhâ at the Turn of the Seventeenth Century: Statements by Dutch Eyewitnesses

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Around the Yemeni port city of al-Mukhâ hangs the intoxicating smell of coffee. Almost no publication can be pointed out, from popularising travel guide to elaborate research report, in which mocha is not considered the export item par excellence , or rather the icon of the city. Only during the Montpellier conference on coffee, held in October 1997, was it concluded, in a contribution devoted to the emergence of the town in the early seventeenth century, that al-Mukhâ had been neither exclusively or mainly a coffee port, nor the sole one, or even the most important one. Mocha , in fact, “was not at all synonymous with al-Mukhâ”. In subsequent years, it could be demonstrated on the basis of abundant source material that spices, textiles, minerals, porcelains and aromatics were sold in the Mukhâwi market as well.
[Comparative evaluation of various direct and culture methods for the diagnosis of genital Chlamydia trachomatis infections].

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Commercially produced fluorescein labelled monoclonal antibodies for Chlamydia trachomatis detection have been recently become available. We have compared the data obtained using two monoclonal antibodies, one for detecting inclusion on cell cultures (culture confirmation) and the other for detecting C. trachomatis in smears from urethral and cervical swabs, with our routine isolation method which utilizes Giemsa staining of cycloheximide treated McCoy cell cultures. We also evaluated an enzyme immunoassay for detecting C. trachomatis antigens in urethral and cervical specimens. The culture confirmation system was slightly more sensitive and simpler than Giemsa staining. Between the results of immunofluorescence direct test and culture there was 96.3% agreement. Sensitivity, specificity and predictive positive and negative value were 72.2, 98.4, 80 and 97.6%. Between results of culture and enzyme immunoassay there was 97.2% agreement. The immunoassay sensitivity, specificity predictive positive and negative value were, in women, 100, 97.1, 63.6 and 100%; in men, 100, 95.7, 81.8, 100%.
Darkfield scattering spectroscopic microscopy evaluation using polystyrene beads

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Diameters of single polystyrene beads were determined within ~10 nm accuracy by comparing Mie theory oscillations and wavelength resolved measurements. The setup is realized with an axicon supported reflected darkfield microscope and is herein presented in detail. Further we explain a theoretical model considering the effective numerical aperature of the measuring system. A fitting algorithm allows rapid characterization of the sphere diameters.
Tumour inhibition mediated by BCG in immunosuppressed rats

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Two rat sarcomas (CC5 and P7) which grow progressively on transplantation into normal syngeneic hosts failed to develop when injected in admixture with the Glaxo strain of Bacillus Calmette‐Guérin (BCG). Under comparable conditions, the local development of a third neoplasm (P8) was temporarily inhibited and the number of pulmonary metastases significantly reduced. Experiments were undertaken to determine the extent to which the anti‐tumour action of BCG required an immunocompetent host. Rats were immunosuppressed by sub‐lethal whole‐body irradiation (450 R), with or without prior thymectomy and challenged with inocula of mixed BCG and tumour cells when their capacity to respond to bacterial, tumour and unrelated antigens was maximally depressed. In non‐sensitized immunosuppressed rats, the ability of BCG to limit tumour outgrowth was abrogated only in the case of sarcoma CC5. For this neoplasm, immunogenic in syngeneic hosts by conventional criteria, there was a statistically significant difference in the number of tumours in immunosuppressed rats (51%) compared with non‐sensitized immunocompetent controls (6%). Presensitization to either bacterial or tumour antigens, prior to thymectomy and/or irradiation, fully restored the tumour‐inhibitory capacity of BCG. By contrast, sarcoma P7 was not significantly less susceptible to BCG‐induced regression in non‐sensitized immunosuppressed rats than in non‐sensitized normal rats; and sarcoma P8 similarly failed to reveal any significant differences in susceptibility to BCG affecting primary or secondary tumour development. It is concluded that tumours may vary widely in their sensitivity to host reactions aroused by BCG. Certain neoplasms, exemplified by sarcoma CC5, require participation of an immune reaction of delayed hypersensitivity type for optimal destruction at BCG sites, while for others ( e.g. sarcoma P7) an immunoreactive component of this type is not essential. By contrast, a third category of tumour ( e.g. sarcoma P8) is relatively resistant to host reactions induced by the mycobacteria. An important component of BCG‐mediated tumour inhibition is not dependent on an immunologically intact host.
Eyewitness Testimony

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract Faulty eyewitness testimony is the leading cause of wrongful convictions. To understand how mistakes can happen, it is important to study the processes involved when witnesses see a crime, report it to the police, and testify at trial. Psychologists have identified three stages of witness memory—acquisition, retention, and retrieval—and various factors can affect memory at each stage. In addition to the way in which memory works, research has shown that there are certain factors inherent in the witness that influence how memory for a crime is encoded. Some factors, such as lighting, distance, or other conditions under which the crime occurred, are referred to as estimator variables . Other factors (such as the wording of questions) are under the control of law enforcement, and are sometimes referred to as system variables . The science of eyewitness memory is vast, and questions have arisen about whether jurors possess this knowledge, or whether some findings are beyond the common sense of jurors. Research has shown that jurors do indeed have misconceptions about memory, and thus, some experts have suggested that they should be educated about the science, perhaps through cautionary instructions or by the use of expert testimony.
The Cypher stent: no longer efficacious at three months in the porcine model?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

See article by Carter et al. [2] (pages 617–624) in this issue .

Drug-eluting stents have represented one of the most exciting, innovative technologies, and the 0% restenosis rate has led to overwhelming enthusiasm in the medical world, even if a careful examination of the results did not show any effect on the occurrence of death and acute myocardial infarction [1]. The study of Carter et al. [2] in this issue of Cardiovascular Research brings a key message that tempers our enthusiasm, since they surprisingly discovered that, in the pig model, the Cypher stent failed to reduce restenosis at 3 and 6 months. Moreover, although the drug is still present, there is more smooth muscle cell proliferation and inflammation with the Cypher stent than with the bare stent. Since the study was conducted by Robert Falotico, the “father” of the Cypher stent [3], there is no doubt regarding the validity of these data. This initiates a huge controversy: now the question is, how is this possible? The primary suspect is the anti-restenosis strategy, i.e., inhibition of smooth muscle cell proliferation via the cell cycle [4]. Impairing the healing may not automatically mean that the reaction to the injury process is definitely abolished …

*Fax: +33 1 5609 2664. Email address: antoine.lafont{at}egp.ap-hop-paris.fr
Study on the growth parameters of CNTs for lithium ion battery application

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Lithium ion batteries (LIBs) have been commonly used in many mobile electronics and also indentified as power solution for electrical vehicles as rechargeable batteries. There are advantages that make LIBs competitive and popular. However, as power consuming of mobile electronics keeps increasing, it is necessary to raise the energy density of batteries to ensure the power sufficiency. The capacity of LIBs is limited by their anode materials which are conventionally graphite (Capacity of 372mAh/g). Many research studies have been carried out to design novel types of electrode materials. However, challenges exist as these emerging materials appear to perform unsatisfying in cycling performance test. In order to overcome this problem, compositing material was necessary to be applied in order to improve the physical structural strength and electrical conductivity. Carbon nanotube has been widely considered as a suitable compositing material because of its excellent physical and electrical properties. These properties are affected by growth conditions of CNT, so it is important to study CNT growth parameters. The objective of this final year project is to study the growth parameters of CNTs and also the dependence of the CNTs’ properties on the growth parameters. Furthermore, a demonstration of CNTs’ application in LIBs is also made by combining CNTs with a typical type of alternative material (MoS2) into a composite anode material. Various growth parameters including growth temperatures, growth durations, and hydrogen flow rates of CNT were studied and analyzed. After MoS2/CNT composite was assembled as anodes for LIBs, cycling performance was evaluated. Significant enhancement in the capacity and also improvement in the cycling performance was demonstrated by the LIB obtained. From the experiment result, it is evident CNTs can be a promising compositing material in anodes of LIBs, as CNT can help to strengthen the mechanical structure of alternative materials and also improve electrical conductivity.