jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Infliximab for the treatment of ulcerative colitis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This paper presents a summary of the evidence review group (ERG) report into the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of infliximab for moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis (UC) based upon a review of the manufacturer’s submission to the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellent (NICE) as part of the single technology appraisal (STA) process. The submission indicated that the efficacy of infliximab (5 mg/kg) had been demonstrated in terms of higher response rates and a sustained response in health-related quality of life. For the cost-effectiveness analysis, the manufacturer built a Markov model to compare infliximab with standard care. It estimated the incremental cost per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) gained was between £25,044 and £33,866 depending on the strategy used. The ERG report generally agreed with the evidence on effectiveness of infliximab for subacute exacerbations of UC. However, there were several areas of uncertainty, of which the interpretation of the importance of the quality of life changes in the subacute situation and the assessment of the adequacy of the evidence of effectiveness of infliximab in the acute hospital-based situation were considered pre-eminent by the ERG. This challenged the estimates of cost-effectiveness offered and suggested that there should be a separate assessment of infliximab for acute exacerbations of moderately to severely active UC. The summary of the NICE guidance issued in April 2008 as a result of the STA states that: infliximab is not recommended for the treatment of subacute manifestations of moderately to severely active UC.
Outcome and Follow-up of Patients with Endometrial Carcinoma Diagnosed ă on Operative Hysteroscopic Resection Specimens

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aim: To study outcomes of patients diagnosed with endometrial carcinoma ă (EC) after histological analysis of endometrial resections retrieved ă during operative hysteroscopy performed for a presumed benign lesion. ă Patients and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted using medical ă records of patients who underwent operative hysteroscopy for a presumed ă benign lesion with a final diagnosis of EC between January 1994 and ă April 2014 in two tertiary academic centers. Results: A total of 29 ă patients were selected. International federation of gynecology and ă obstetrics (FIGO) classification was distributed as follows: 16 stages ă IA, 7 stages IB, 4 stages II and 2 stages III. Peritoneal cytology was ă positive in one case (stage IIIA). Median follow-up was 4.2 years ă (range=0.3-20.51). Two deaths were observed and were attributed to ă endometrial cancer. Conclusion: Operative hysteroscopy does not appear ă to influence stage of EC nor cause retrograde seeding of EC for 27/29 ă (93%) patients. For 2 patients, the impact of operative hysteroscopy ă remains uncertain.
Participatory Approaches to Environmental Conflict Resolution in Cyprus

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

There are four conceptual relationships between the environment and conflict: the environment as a tool for conflict resolution, or as a source of conflict, environmental damage as a result of conflict, and the creation of de-facto ecological havens in demilitarized zones. The focus of this article is on Cyprus, which has been divided since 1974, and where since the late 1990s the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) has been involved in testing different methodologies for leveraging environmental issues as entry points for conflict resolution. This has involved a growing realization that environment is at its most powerful as a peace-building tool when it is combined with a focus on citizen participation.
Influence of light intensity and wavelength on testicular responses in male Brahminy myna

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Experiments were performed on photosensitive male Brahminy myna to investigate the light intensity and wavelength dependent effect on photoperiodic induction of testicular growth. In the first experiment, we examined the comparative effect on complete (13L:11D) and skeleton (6L:6D:1L:11D) photoperiod with 700 lux intensity (series first) and inductive effects of 1-h light pulse (intensity = 2, 10, 50 and 100 lux) in skeleton photoperiod (second series). In the third series, birds were exposed to 13L:11D at different light intensity (50, 100, 500 and 1000 lux). In the second experiment, birds were subjected to a long photoperiod (13L:11D) with photo-phase being applied at 100 lux intensity, with two wavelengths: green (500 nm), red (640 nm) and a group under white light served as control (first series). In the second series, birds were exposed to 6L:6D:1L:11D with red and green light wave lengths at 50 and 100 lux intensity level. The third experiment analyzed the phase-dependent effect of light wavelength on photoperiodic clock, employing skeleton photoperiods (6L:6D:1L:11D) at 50 lux intensity with 6 and 1-h light pulses given at the same wavelength, 500 nm (green/green), 640 nm (red/red) and a group exposed to both pulses of white light (white/white) served as control (series first). In the second series, the two light pulses were given at a different wavelength combination, 6 h at 500 nm (green) and 1 h at 640 nm (red) in one group and vice-versa in the other. Taking all things into consideration, results demonstrate that intensity and wavelength of light play an important role in photoperiodic induction of seasonal responses in Brahminy myna and suggest that the avian photoperiodic response system is capable of fine discrimination between different light intensities and spectra.
Metal–Organic Framework–Based CoS2 Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon for High‐Performance Lithium Storage

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Due to their large theoretical capacity, transition metal sulfides are regarded as ideal anode materials for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). However, a number of technical challenges and scientific issues, such as low utilization of active materials and large volumetric expansion, must be addressed before it can be used in practice. Herein, CoS 2 ‐embedded N‐doped carbon polyhedrons are constructed successfully and employed as an efficient anode of LIB. After 200 cycles at a current density of 0.2 Ag −1 , the optimal CoS 2 @NC‐400 demonstrates a high reversible capacity of 866.2 mAhg −1 , and after 500 cycles at a current density of 0.5 Ag −1 , there is no discernible capacity fading. The excellent electrochemical performance of CoS 2 @NC‐400 can be attributed to that graphitic N‐doped porous carbon provides a highly conductive framework, which facilitates electron transports and lessens the volume expansion of electrode during charging and discharging. Furthermore, the pyrrolic N‐doped carbon in the CoS 2 @NC‐400 composite allows for a lower diffusion barrier for Li‐ions in the electrode.
Adaptive Design for Colocated MIMO Radar Beamspace Localization

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The angle estimation in the presence of interfering sources is an important problem for colocated MIMO radar. In this paper, we design the beamspace transformation matrix to adaptively filter out the interferences in the received signals by assuming that the angular sector covering the target directions is known. To tackle the nonconvex optimization problem encountered in the design, an iterative algorithm based on alternating direction method of multipliers is proposed. Compared with the existing data-adaptive beamspace design algorithm, the beampattern associated with the proposed algorithm achieves a smoother mainlobe and lower sidelobes. Moreover, the designed transformation matrix can maintain the spatial whiteness of the transformed noise, which is important for many angle estimation algorithms. Numerical examples show that the proposed algorithm achieves a higher localization accuracy in the low signal-to-noise ratio region.
Emerging e‐commerce business models: an analysis of case studies from West Lothian, Scotland

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The paper surveys existing theory of e‐commerce business models and associated conceptual instruments. It employs three original case studies of SMEs using e‐commerce to demonstrate the dynamic nature of e‐commerce business models for networked SMEs. The idea of evolutionary business planning based upon Molina’s sociotechnical constituency approach and the diamond of alignment is introduced.
Variational anatomy of the deep femoral artery

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract The deep femoral artery is frequently incorporated in vascular reconstructive procedures in the proximal leg. To study the branching variations of this artery, we dissected 100 legs and then classified the anatomical patterns. The deep femoral artery originates a median distance of 4.4 cm from the inguinal ligament. The origin of the lateral circumflex artery varied greatly. When it branched from the deep femoral, the origin of the lateral circumflex was 1.5 cm (median) from the origin of the deep femoral. The medial circumflex artery originated from the deep femoral in 63% of the specimens. It arose separately from the common femoral and more proximally in 26% of the specimens, branching an average of 2.15 cm (median) above the deep femoral origin. Familiarity with these variations is essential to the vascular surgeon and, therefore, we have included diagrams based on our study as a ready reference.
Endothelin and the Renal Vasculature

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The endothelin (ET) system comprises a family of three isopeptides (ET-1, ET-2, and ET-3)involved in diverse physiological and pathophysiological events. ET-1 is the major renal peptide that exerts its biological activity by binding to ET(A) and ET(B) receptors. Both ET(A) and ET(B) receptors are expressed by renal microvascular smooth muscle cells, where activation causes vasoconstriction. ET(B) receptors are also expressed by microvascular endothelial cells, where activation leads to vasodilator responses. ET-1 influences preglomerular and postglomerular microvascular tone and thus can significantly influence renal hemodynamics. Alteration of renal ET-1 synthesis and receptor expression has been reported in cardiovascular diseases, and could contribute to renal injury by altering renal microvascular reactivity. In this brief review, we will try to summarize what is known about ET control of renal microvascular function.
Cave Communities: From the Surface Border to the Deep Darkness

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The discipline of subterranean biology has provided us incredible information on the diversity, ecology and evolution of species living in different typologies of subterranean habitats. However, a general lack of information on the relationships between cave species still exists, leaving uncertainty regarding the dynamics that hold together cave communities and the roles of specific organisms (from the least to the most adapted species) for the community, as well as the entire ecosystem. This Special Issue aims to stimulate and gather studies which are focusing on cave communities belonging to all different typologies of subterranean habitats, with the overarching goal to corroborate the key role of the subterranean biology in ecological and evolutionary studies.
A Most Magnificent Machine: America Adopts the Railroad, 1825–1862. By Craig Miner. (Lawrence, Kans.: University Press of Kansas, 2010. Pp. xvi, 325. $34.95.)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

"A Most Magnificent Machine: America Adopts the Railroad, 1825–1862. By Craig Miner. (Lawrence, Kans.: University Press of Kansas, 2010. Pp. xvi, 325. $34.95.)." The Historian, 73(4), pp. 834–835
Correlation of 5_LOX expression to lymph node metastasis in human gastic cancer and the effect of AA861 on its expression

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To investigate the relationship between expression of 5_LOX mRNA,protein and lymph node metastasis of gastric cancer,and to observe the effect of AA861 on the expression of 5_LOX protein in human gastric carcinoma cell line AGS.Methods RT_PCR and immunohistochemical methods were used to examine the expression of 5_LOX mRNA and protein in gastric cancer and paracancerous tissue, respectively. The effect of AA861 on 5_LOX expression protein was studied with immuocytochemistry as well as images analyzing system.Results Expression of 5_LOX mRNA and protein in gastric cancer were significant higher than those in cancerous beside tissue(P0.05).Expression of 5_LOX in gastric carcer with lymph node metastasis was significantly higer than that without metastasis(P0.05). Expression of 5_LOX as no significant change between AA861 treated AGS and control group(P0.05 ).Conclusion 5_LOX gene expression were increased in gastric cancer and associated with lymph node metastasis.AA861 had no effect on 5_LOX protein expression.
Against postmodernism: Paolo Sorrentino and the search for authenticity

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The concept of identity lies at the heart of every one of Paolo Sorrentino’s movies. His main characters are engaged in a struggle to define themselves since through this alone can they hope to overcome the futility and inconsistency of their lives. Sorrentino’s cinematic oeuvre thus challenges postmodernist theories on identity. In his movies, the absence of an identity does not imply the liberation of the subject from the constraints of social roles, but instead relegates her/him to a life deprived of any value and a reality that is completely superficial and unworthy. Therefore, for Sorrentino, seeking an identity means seeking a way to interpret reality. This article will show how the Neapolitan director has focused his entire work around this Romantic and modernist topic: the search for authenticity and the subject’s ability to produce value only after discovering an authentic Self.
K-2231 Basic study for developing numerical simulation model of liquid fuel spray : Interaction between liquid droplets with disintegration in gas now

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Interaction between liquid droplets under breakup in gas stream was investigated experimentally, to obtain basic knowledge for developing numerical simulation model of twin-fluid liquid atomization. Pair of inline water droplets was dropped into air stream passing through an orifice, and breakup processes of droplets were observed using a high-speed video camera. When dimensionless distance between droplets was larger than about 3, each droplet broke up as a single droplet. However the upstream droplet affected breakup behavior of the downstream droplet when dimensionless distance was small. There are three representative types of interaction. Critical condition for the interaction was investigated and the mechanism of interaction was discussed. Experimental data on droplet acceleration were compared with numerical results based on drop drag and breakup model. It was shown that the conventional numerical model could not estimate acceleration as well as deformation of droplets accurately when droplet number density was high.
Ultramultiplex NaLnF4 Nanosatellites Combined with ICP-MS for Exosomal Multi-miRNA Analysis and Cancer Classification

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Quantification of exosomal multi-miRNA can reveal the initiation, progression, and metastasis of tumors, which is conducive to the noninvasive early diagnosis of cancer. However, low-sensitivity and single-plex detection characteristics of traditional methods seriously hinder the accuracy and specificity of exosomal miRNAs in cancer diagnosis. Herein, we design an ultramultiplexing strategy that enables simultaneous and sensitive detection of multiple exosomal miRNAs by nanosatellites (magnetic beads (MBs) @ NaLnF4) and catalytic hairpin assembly (CHA) amplification in combination with inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) to diagnose cancer accurately. The competitive binding of target exosomal miRNAs with the recognition sequences on nanosatellites triggers the drop of NaLnF4 from MBs, followed by a CHA reaction that releases more NaLnF4 labels for ICP-MS detection. This method is used to detect ten types of miRNAs simultaneously with a detection limit of 0.01 fM, which is one order of magnitude lower than the quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) method. Linear discriminant analysis as a machine learning algorithm is subsequently applied to analyze the signals of exosomal multi-miRNA, and the discrimination accuracy of ten cell exosomes reaches 98.6%. In a clinical cohort of 42 patients, including five cancer types and healthy controls, exosomal multi-miRNA analysis achieves accurate cancer diagnosis and classification with 100% accuracy. Our results show that the combination of nanosatellites, CHA, and ICP-MS provides a universal biosensing platform for simultaneous and ultrasensitive detection of multiple targets.
Technique for the Deposition of Macromolecular Samples in Field Emission and Field Ion Microscopy

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The technique involves the freezing on the microscope tip of a droplet of solution containing the subject molecules, followed by freeze drying. Alternate hypotheses concerning the delivery mechanism during freeze drying, and thus estimates of required specimen concentrations in solution, are evaluated by comparing them with experimental results obtained for copper phthalocyanine (10 mg/ml), transfer RNA (1 mg/ml), and light meromyosin (10−3 mg/ml).
Way to go: A graph mining based approach to record linkage for sparse data

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Record linkage is an important field for Digital History and Historical Demography, among \nothers. To link data from different recordsets existing algorithms almost always take at least \ntwo discriminating data into account, such as a name and date of birth, to link records of an \nindividual. If there is only sparse data available for a person, i.e. only a name, it is usually dismissed as impossible to link by the record linkage literature. This paper introduces an algorithm to link sparse data sets on individuals when, by and large, only nominal data is available.
Formation of plasma and gaseous toroidal vortices in air

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The mechanism for the formation of high-temperature (plasma) vortices and low-temperature vortex rings produced by ejecting pulsed subsonic plasma/gas jets into air was investigated experimentally. A toroidal vortex forms due to the interaction between a pulsed jet with the flow induced by this jet in the ambient medium. By analyzing the experimental data and conservation laws, an equation is derived that allows one to determine the initial propagation velocity of the vortex as a function of the characteristics of the vortex generator and the ambient medium. The results obtained by solving this equation agree well with the experimental data.
A Suitable Active Control for Suppression the Vibrations of a Cantilever Beam

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In our consideration, a comparison between four different types of controllers for suppression the vibrations of the cantilever beam excited by an external force is carried out. Those four types are the linear velocity feedback control, the cubic velocity feedback control, the non-linear saturation controller (NSC) and the positive position feedback (PPF) controller. The suitable type is the PPF controller for suppression the vibrations of the cantilever beam. The approximate solution obtained up to the first approximation by using the multiple scale method. The PPF controller effectiveness is studied on the system. We used frequency-response equations to investigate the stability of a cantilever beam. We notified that, there is a good agreement between the analytical solution and the numerical solution.
The Language of the Moldovans: Romania, Russia, and Identity in an Ex-Somet Republic. By Matthew H. Ciscel. Lanham, Md.: Rowman and Littlefield, 2007. xiii, 171 pp. Appendix. Notes. Bibliography. Index. Figures. Tables. $60.00, hard bound.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The Language of the Moldovans: Romania, Russia, and Identity in an Ex-Somet Republic. By Matthew H. Ciscel. Lanham, Md.: Rowman and Littlefield, 2007. xiii, 171 pp. Appendix. Notes. Bibliography. Index. Figures. Tables. $60.00, hard bound. - Volume 67 Issue 4
Acute Epididymitis and Urinary Tract Anomalies in Children

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Our data show a close relationship between acute epididymitis in infants for both UTIs and genitourinary malformations. Every infant presenting with epididymitis would undergo a complete evaluation including abdominal ultrasound and voiding cystourethrography. In older children the need for imaging should be dictated by clinical history and physical findings.
Formulation, Nutrient Analysis and Sensory Properties of Lemongrass (Cymbopogon Citratus) Incorporated Soup Varieties

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Introduction: Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) is a perennial and promising herb that has more than 500 species with a wide range of growth potentials and special functional qualities which make it more beneficial in many of the foods we consume every day. All parts of lemongrass including leaf, stalk, oil, and flavour are used since they contain the highest levels of nutrients and antioxidants. Objectives: Formulation, analysis of nutrient content and evaluation of sensory qualities of lemon grass incorporated soup varieties. Materials and Method: The raw ingredients were procured, processed, and prepared for three standard varieties of soup namely cabbage soup, radish soup and mushroom soup. Processed lemon grass paste was incorporated at the level of 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% into three standard soups formulas. All the prepared variations were evaluated for sensory characteristics using a 5-points Likert scale and compared statistically. The most accepted soup variety was chosen for nutrient analysis and finally selected the best incorporation level of lemongrass paste. Results and Discussion: The results stated that lemon grass incorporated radish soup had secured the highest significant overall mean rating score of 16.3 out of 20 when compared to the other two varieties of soups and was also selected as the best soup variation. The nutrient content such as energy, protein, fat, potassium and magnesium of selected lemongrass incorporated radish soups were comparable and 20% level of incorporation achieved maximum nutritional qualities. Conclusion: The findings concluded that the prepared lemon grass incorporated soups were highly acceptable and received good scores in sensory evaluations. The lemongrass-incorporated radish soup was chosen as the best soup and also proved to have a good amount of nutrients. Hence, lemongrass showed high potential as a functional ingredient for soups.