jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Screening Items for Bias: An Empirical Comparison of the Performance of Three Indices in Small Samples of Examinees.

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

A Monte Carlo study was conducted to compare the performance of three statistical indices of test item bias in small samples of examinees. The statistical indices compared were the Delta method, the Mantel-Haenszel (MH) method, and the Standardization method. Sample sizes of 50, 100, and 200 were examined. One thousand samples of each size were drawn with replacement from each of three archival data files from three teacher subject area tests (in the areas of elementary education, early childhood education, and specific learning disabilities). Each sample was drawn so that 80% of the examinees were sampled from a reference group and 20% were sampled from a focal group. Item bias was experiTentally controlled in the study, and the effectiveness of the indices was evaluated as the proportion of such biased items appropriately identified. Previous research suggesting that item bias indices such as the MH and Standardization methods should only be applied to large samples may have been overly conservative. Results support the use of statistical screening for item bias, even with samples as small as 50 examinees, and with only 10 focal group members in each sample. The MH is the best performer of these three indices, although both the MH and Standardization methods are preferable to the Delta method. Three tables present ',imulation data. An 11-item list of references and 3 tables are included. (SLD) **********************************************.************************ Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. *********************************************************************** Small Sample Item Bias Screening
Spray, Combustion, and Flame Structures of High-Ratio Isopropanol-Butanol-Ethanol (IBE)/Diesel Blends in a Constant Volume Chamber

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Isopropanol-butanol-ethanol (IBE) can be utilized as a clean transportation fuel to avoid the production cost of biobutanol as well as the plastic-degradation issues of acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE). In light of this, optical experiments were conducted in a constant volume chamber under various test conditions to reveal the spray, combustion, and flame structure of IBE/diesel blends. The experimental results show that with the addition of IBE into diesel, the spray evaporation improves significantly; the larger the IBE blending ratio is, the shorter the liquid spray penetration. However, the addition of IBE causes the maximum combustion pressure and peak apparent heat release rate to reduce. Compared with diesel, the flame lift-off length (FLOL) of the fuel blends is noticeably longer. Furthermore, it prolongs as the amount of IBE in the blend increases. The long FLOL of the fuel blends combined with its short liquid spray penetration contributes to a large mixing area for fuel to evaporate, which reduces the local equivalence ratio. Results also show that the fuel blends always give a lower spatial integrated natural luminosity (SINL) than diesel. The SINL curve gradually gets narrower as the IBE blending ratio increases. That is to say, the addition of IBE into diesel can reduce the rate of soot formation but accelerate the soot oxidation.
MODELING OF THE SYSTEM FUNCTIONING OF A TRADING COMPANY

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

В статті запропоновано імітаційну системно-динамічну модель системи функціонування торговельного підприємства, яка дозволить підвищити якість та своєчасність прийняття управлінських рішень, удосконалити стратегії управління запасами та оцінити можливі наслідки коливання попиту та зриву поставок. З метою визначення модельованої системи, система функціонування торговельного підприємства представлена авторами у вигляді динамічної системи, яка складається з множини елементів із заданою функціональною залежністю між часом і положенням в фазовому просторі. Автори відзначають, що у якості досліджуваної системи, виступає система функціонування торговельного підприємства, структура якої складається з трьох основних рівнів, а в якості основної цілі виступає максимізація доходу за рахунок продажу товару. Спираючись на трирівневу структуру системи функціонування торговельного підприємства, в статті представлено причинно-наслідкова діаграма модельованої системи, основною сферою діяльності якої є оптова та роздрібна торгівля. На основі побудованої причино-наслідкової діаграми авторами розроблено імітаційну системно-динамічну модель функціонування торговельного підприємства, яка складається з трьох блоків, а саме: з блоку формування прибутку, товари на полицях, товари на складі. Запропонована імітаційна модель системи функціонування торгового підприємства наддасть можливість підвищити ефективність торгово-збутової діяльності, провести сценарний аналіз та оцінити можливі збитки від коливання попиту на окремі групи виробів, визначити можливі наслідки зриву поставок та вдосконалити стратегію управління запасами на торгівельному підприємстві. Автори відмічають, що розроблена імітаційна модель також дозволить підвищити ефективність управлінських рішень, що напряму відобразиться на фінансових показниках діяльності торговельного підприємства, завдяки, у тому числі, зниженню кількості зіпсованої продукції, зменшенню кількість скарг та підвищення лояльності клієнтів.
The responsive behaviors of bilayer membrane under uniaxial mechanical probe

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

In experiments, atomic force microscopy technology was used to measure the modulus of the membrane. However, these studies mainly focus on the linear responsive behavior. In the present work, a theoretical study is performed to show the nonlinear responsive behavior, which includes the stretching induced structural transitions. It demonstrates that the structural transition of the bilayer membrane takes place during the stretching process of the mechanical probe. A vertical cylindrical micelle can be obtained by stretching the membrane under deep compression conditions, and the cylindrical micelle can grow continuously along the axial direction. Moreover, under shallow compression conditions, the probe pulls a spherical micelle from the membrane, and then, the membrane returns to flatness. A comprehensive study is performed to show the mechanism of the responsive behaviors of the structural transition during the compression and stretching processes. When the probe acts on the B-rich layer, it is more likely to pull out a regular micelle. However, when the probe acts on the bottom A-rich layer, complex vesicles are more likely to be pulled out from the bilayer membrane. This study provides a comprehensive diagram of the mechanical responsive behavior of the membrane, which would be a guide for an experiment of biomembranes and the design of new self-assembled structures.
Assessing Ecological Sustainability of Slash‐and‐Burn Agriculture through Soil Fertility Indicators

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract The objective of this study was to assess the near‐ and long‐term impact of traditional slash‐and‐burn agriculture on soil fertility in the village of Kembera, West Kalimantan, Indonesia. Soil fertility is widely viewed as one of the key limits to sustainable production in slash‐and‐burn agroecosystems. A chronosequence of sites ranging from currently cultivated swiddens to a 28‐yr fallow was surveyed. Organic C, cation exchange capacity (CEC), pH, nitrate, extractable basic cations, available and total P, and extractable Al were measured as indicators of soil fertility. Inferred short‐term trends point to significantly improved soil fertility conditions after burning in currently cropped swiddens relative to fallows. During the fallow, soil organic C, CEC, nitrate, total P, and extractable basic cations all manifest positive associations with fallow length after 3 to 11 yr of fallow. No declines in soil parameters were detected between plots based on the frequency of past slash‐and‐burn activity. Therefore, there is no evidence that slash‐and‐burn agriculture in Kembera has degraded these soil resources. While the results of this study suggest that slash‐and‐burn agriculture in Kembera has been ecologically sustainable, recent changes in socioeconomic factors influencing farmer's land‐use decisions cast doubt upon the future sustainability of this agroecosystem.
MaSMG7-Mediated Degradation of MaERF12 Facilitates Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense Tropical Race 4 Infection in Musa acuminata

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Modern plant breeding relies heavily on the deployment of susceptibility and resistance genes to defend crops against diseases. The expression of these genes is usually regulated by transcription factors including members of the AP2/ERF family. While these factors are a vital component of the plant immune response, little is known of their specific roles in defense against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense tropical race 4 (Foc TR4) in banana plants. In this study, we discovered that MaERF12, a pathogen-induced ERF in bananas, acts as a resistance gene against Foc TR4. The yeast two-hybrid assays and protein-protein docking analyses verified the interaction between this gene and MaSMG7, which plays a role in nonsense-mediated RNA decay. The transient expression of MaERF12 in Nicotiana benthamiana was found to induce strong cell death, which could be inhibited by MaSMG7 during co-expression. Furthermore, the immunoblot analyses have revealed the potential degradation of MaERF12 by MaSMG7 through the 26S proteasome pathway. These findings demonstrate that MaSMG7 acts as a susceptibility factor and interferes with MaERF12 to facilitate Foc TR4 infection in banana plants. Our study provides novel insights into the biological functions of the MaERF12 as a resistance gene and MaSMG7 as a susceptibility gene in banana plants. Furthermore, the first discovery of interactions between MaERF12 and MaSMG7 could facilitate future research on disease resistance or susceptibility genes for the genetic improvement of bananas.
Systematic Identification of Microproteins during the Development of Drosophila melanogaster

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Short open reading frame-encoded peptides (SEPs) are microproteins with less than 100 amino acids that play an essential role in the growth and development of organisms. There are plenty of short open reading frames in Drosophila melanogaster that potentially code polypeptides. We chose 11 time points during the life cycle of Drosophila to investigate microproteins, particularly those related to development. Finally, we identified a total of 410 microproteins, of which 27 were noncoding RNA-encoded proteins. Of the 410 microproteins, 74 were expressed in all stages from embryo to adults, whereas 300 microproteins were only found in one or two time points. Approximately, one-third of the microproteins were not reported previously and 44 were obtained from de novo sequencing, validated by synthetic peptides. These microproteins are related to the main bioprocesses of growth and development, such as multicellular organism reproduction, postmating behavior, and oviposition. Over half of the microproteins have predicted functional domains and are conserved across species, suggesting that these microproteins have critical functions in fly development. This work enriches the D. melanogaster proteome and provides a significant data resource for growth and development research.
GreenPhylDB v5: a comparative pangenomic database for plant genomes

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Comparative genomics is the analysis of genomic relationships among different species and serves as a significant base for evolutionary and functional genomic studies. GreenPhylDB (https://www.greenphyl.org) is a database designed to facilitate the exploration of gene families and homologous relationships among plant genomes, including staple crops critically important for global food security. GreenPhylDB is available since 2007, after the release of the Arabidopsis thaliana and Oryza sativa genomes and has undergone multiple releases. With the number of plant genomes currently available, it becomes challenging to select a single reference for comparative genomics studies but there is still a lack of databases taking advantage several genomes by species for orthology detection. GreenPhylDBv5 introduces the concept of comparative pangenomics by harnessing multiple genome sequences by species. We created 19 pangenes and processed them with other species still relying on one genome. In total, 46 plant species were considered to build gene families and predict their homologous relationships through phylogenetic-based analyses. In addition, since the previous publication, we rejuvenated the website and included a new set of original tools including protein-domain combination, tree topologies searches and a section for users to store their own results in order to support community curation efforts.
<title>Measurements of gas flow and gas constituent in a wind-tunnel-type excimer laser under high-repetition-rate operations</title>

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A low speed wind tunnel type excimer laser apparatus of about 500 liter gas volume was constructed to study the critical issues concerning such kind of high repetition-rate excimer lasers. For the moment, the gas flow speed and the repetition-rate of the KrF laser was up to 50 m/s and 1 kHz, respectively. The gas flow conditions, the gas constituents and the laser output were measured with various methods to clarify the basic processes.
Characterization of antagonism of selenium against arsenic induced micronuclei in mice

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Objective To clearify the fesibility of antagonism of selenium against arsenic induced micronuclei in mice and its dose characteristics.Methods Bone Marrow Micronuclei (BMM) assay in mice was used.Results In comparesion with control group,coexposure of selenium and arsenic to mice could induce a dose effect antagonism of selenium against arsenic induced micronuclei in mice.Conclusions Selenium can antagonize the arsenic induced micronuclei in mice and this gurrantee a scientific evidence for both further study and field intervention of selenium against arsenic toxity
Approximation by special values of Dirichlet series

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In this note, we will show that real numbers can be strongly approximated by linear combinations of special values of Dirichlet series. We extend the approximation results of Emre Alkan in an effective way to all non-zero Dirichlet series with a better approximation. Using the fundamental works of Szemerédi and Green-Tao on arithmetic progressions, we prove that one can approximate real numbers with special values of Dirichlet series coming from sets of positive upper density or the set of prime numbers.
The influence of dissolved molecular oxygen on the corrosion of metals in aqueous acid solutions. Review

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

This review discusses the current state of research in the field of corrosion of metals in aqueous solutions of acids containing molecular oxygen, as well as various issues of inhibitory protection of metals in such acidic environments.Thermodynamic aspects of metal corrosion in aqueous media containing dissolved O 2 are discussed.Reference data on the physicochemical properties of O 2 present in acidic aqueous media is presented.Modern views on the mechanism of O 2 reduction on metals are discussed.Corrosion of a metal in such an acid solution containing O 2 generally occurs as a result of its parallel reactions of interaction with the acid itself and O 2 molecules.In the case of metals with E  (Me z+ /Me)>0 V, the only possible reaction is interaction with O 2 .A specific feature of corrosion occurring with oxygen depolarization is its diffusion control, which makes this process very sensitive to the nature of convection of the aggressive environment.An increase in the rate of corrosion of metals is caused by an increase in the O 2 content in the solution and the transition from a static environment to a dynamic one.The presence of molecular O 2 in acid solutions reduces the effectiveness of metal protection with corrosion inhibitors, in comparison with similar oxygen-free environments.In inhibited environments containing O 2 , the sensitivity of metal corrosion to the parameters of solution convection remains.The bibliography includes 109 references.
OBSERVASI SELFIE PARA PEKERJA FAST MOVING CUNSUMER GOODS SAAT PANDEMI COVID-19

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Taking selfies for documentation reasons mentioned by Rettberg (2014) and Chae (2017). Likewise, this study reports documentation and archiving, which is part of communicating self-motives. Additionally, this research draws attention to general digital effects such as special event filters and seasonal filters used with selfies to signal specific locations or events. In their research, Senft and Baym (2015) noted that selfies can be used as an empowering tool to overcome political problems. This research shows how selfies are used as an empowering tool to educate Saudi women, particularly about their legal rights. The use of selfies as an educational tool in the context of public problems has not been reported in previous research.
Optimization and management of large-scale scientific workflows in heterogeneous network environments: from theory to practice

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Next-generation computation-intensive scientific applications feature large-scale computing workflows of various structures, which can be modeled as simple as linear pipelines or as complex as Directed Acyclic Graphs (DAGs). Supporting such computing workflows and optimizing their end-to-end network performance are crucial to the success of scientific collaborations that require fast system response, smooth data flow, and reliable distributed operation.
We construct analytical cost models and formulate a class of workflow mapping problems with different mapping objectives and network constraints. The difficulty of these mapping problems essentially arises from the topological matching nature in the spatial domain, which is further compounded by the resource sharing complicacy in the temporal dimension. We provide detailed computational complexity analysis and design optimal or heuristic algorithms with rigorous correctness proof or performance analysis. We decentralize the proposed mapping algorithms and also investigate these optimization problems in unreliable network environments for fault tolerance.
To examine and evaluate the performance of the workflow mapping algorithms before actual deployment and implementation, we implement a simulation program that simulates the execution dynamics of distributed computing workflows. We also develop a scientific workflow automation and management platform based on an existing workflow engine for experimentations in real environments. The performance superiority of the proposed mapping solutions are illustrated by extensive simulation-based comparisons with existing algorithms and further verified by large-scale experiments on real-life scientific workflow applications through effective system implementation and deployment in real networks.
Mechanical Characteristics and Self-Healing Soil-Cementitious Hydrogel Materials in Mine Backfill Using Hybridized ANFIS-SVM

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The compressive strength, shrinkage, elasticity, and electrical resistivity of the cement-soil pastes (slag, fly ash) of self-healing of cementitious concrete have been studied while adding hydrogels with nano silica (NSi) in this research. Defining the hydraulic and mechanical properties of these materials requires improvement to motivate more uptake for new buildings. Initially, examining the impact of different synthesized hydrogels on cement-soil pastes showed that solid particles in the mixtures highly affected the absorption capacity of NSi, representing the importance of direct interactions between solid particles and hydrogels in a cementitious matrix. All test results were analyzed by use of a hybridized soft computing model such as the adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) and support vector regression (SVR) for precise studying and the avoidance of few empirical tests or error percentages. Subsequently, the best RMSE of ANFIS is 0.6568 and the best RMSE of SVM is 1.2564; the RMSE of ANFIS-SVM (0.5643) in the test phase is also close to zero, showing a better performance in hypothesizing self-healing soil-cementitious hydrogel materials in mine backfill. The R2 value for ANFIS-SVM is 0.9547, proving that it is a proper model for predicting the study’s goal. Electrical resistivity and compressive strength declined in the cement-soil pastes including hydrogels according to experimental outcomes; it was lowered by the increase of NSi concentration in the hydrogel. There was a decrement in the autogenous shrinkage of cement-soil pastes while adding hydrogel, depending on the NSi concentration in the hydrogels. The findings of this research are pivotal for the internal curing of cementitious materials to define the absorption of hydrogels.
Mineralogy and geochemistry of pegmatite in the Gaoligong High-Grade metamorphic belt, southwestern China: Implications for rare metal mineralization

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Pegmatite rare metal deposits are vital sources of rare metals. However, their metallogenic mechanism remains controversial. Numerous pegmatites have been discovered in the Gaoligong High-Grade Metamorphic Belt, southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau, southwestern China. These pegmatites can be categorized into rare metal-bearing pegmatites, such as albite pegmatite and perthite–albite pegmatite, and non-rare metal-bearing pegmatites, including orthoclase–albite pegmatite and biotite pegmatite. The rare metal minerals columbite, tantalite, cassiterite, and beryl intergrown with hydrothermal muscovite, topaz, and apatite are observed in the rare metal-bearing pegmatites. In the rare metal-bearing pegmatites, magmatic muscovite that is enriched in rare metals exhibits significantly higher Rb2O and Cs2O levels, lower MgO and FeO concentrations, and lower K/Rb ratios than magmatic muscovite found in non-rare metal-bearing pegmatites, which show higher MgO, FeO, and K/Rb values but lower Rb2O and Cs2O contents. Hydrothermal muscovite in rare metal-bearing pegmatites has distinctly higher F, Li2O, Rb2O, and Cs2O values than its magmatic counterpart. Additionally, orthoclase and albite from rare metal-bearing pegmatites have relatively high levels of P2O5. The decreasing K/Rb values from non-rare metal-bearing to rare metal-bearing pegmatites indicate an increase in the degree of pegmatite evolution. The increase in F, Li2O, Rb2O, and Cs2O concentrations in muscovite from the magmatic to hydrothermal stages in rare metal-bearing pegmatites suggests the involvement of F-, Li-, Rb-, and Cs-rich fluids in rare metal enrichment. Cassiterite U–Pb dating of rare metal-bearing albite pegmatite and perthite–albite pegmatite yields ages of approximately 14.79 ± 0.76 Ma and 16.81 ± 0.36 Ma, respectively, indicating that rare metal mineralization occurred during the Miocene. The rare metal mineralization in the Gaoligong High-Grade Metamorphic Belt (GHMB) is related to movements along strike-slip faults following the collision between the Indian and Eurasian plates. The differentiation of these magmas and the associated hydrothermal activity played a crucial role in rare metal mineralization, and hydrothermal processes were particularly instrumental in the GHMB.