jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
On the Question of the Powers of the Federal Executive Authorities of Germany in the Field of Genetic Engineering

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

At the present stage of the development of genetic engineering activities in the Russian Federation the question of the expediency of distributing powers between federal executive bodies and executive bodies of constituent entities is relevant. In this regard, the experience of Germany in securing the relevant powers in the field of genetic engineering for the executive authorities is considered, in particular, the powers of the federal executive authorities of Germany are examined to release and place genetically modified organisms, to monitor the impact of artificial microorganisms on human health and the environment, as well as administrative functions for maintaining information registers of information about modified organisms. The Author analyzes the powers of the German Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture (German: Bundesministerium für Ernährung und Landwirtschaft – BMEL), the Federal Office for Consumer Protection and Food Safety of Germany (German: Bundesamt für Verbraucherschutz und Lebensmittelsicherheit – BVL) and other bodies. In addition, the Author has investigated the powers of the federal states of the Federal Republic of Germany in the field of genetic engineering work related to the use and production of artificial microorganisms and GM products. As an example, the competence of the authorized body of the federal state of Hesse – the Department of the Government of Hesse for genetic engineering – is considered. Analysis of the powers of the executive authorities of Germany in the field of genetic engineering made it possible to formulate conclusions and recommendations for streamlining the powers of executive authorities and organizations in Russia. As a result, proposals were made to improve public administration in the field of genetic engineering activities in Russia, including the need to entrust a separate authority with the authority for comprehensive regulation in the field of genetic engineering activities, as well as the inexpediency of currently providing executive the authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, the powers to exercise public administration in the area under consideration.
Robustness and Prediction Error in Multi Response Parameter Design Optimization

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Parameter design optimization that involves two or more responses of products or processes is a well-known research problem. This problem involves multiple objectives typically formulated as response surface models using regression. These models are constructed with some prediction error even though the model structure is appropriate. In comparing alternative solutions of the model, the decision maker (DM) has difficulty to comprehend closeness of mean response is to its target, variance of true response (robustness) and magnitude of prediction error. In this study, these components are analyzed under certain conditions and guidance is provided for the DM to facilitate the comparison.
Entomopathogen Metarhizium anisopliae promotes the early development of peanut root

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The benefit of the entomopathogen Metarhizium anisopliae to early root development was evaluated. Two inoculating methods, conidia-suspension-drenching (T1) and conidia-coating (T2), were used when sowing peanut. The results showed that taproot length and lateral root number in T1 significantly increased compared to the control (T0) in days 4-10 after treatment, whereas no significant difference was found between T2 and T0. The fungal density by T1 and T2 fluctuated in the first 8 days, followed by a gradual decline. The ratio of the taproot length or lateral root number in T1 and T0 was significant relative to the fungal persistence. It suggested that M. anisopliae promotes peanut root development and should be considered as important factor in plant protection besides pest controls.
Exploration of Storage Technology Improvement for Open-air Ballast Storage Field

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Through the analysis of shortcomings in the common open storage ballast field and the quarry site storage condition,a suitable large-scale ballast storage-stacking machine is constructed.The storage-stacking technology is improved for resolving the problems of secondary pollution,isolation, high cost and small reserves for the secondary stack.This process is of significance for popularization.
Perceived Threats through COVID-19 and the Role of Organizational Capacity: Findings from Non-Profit Sports Clubs

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

(1) Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has forced non-profit sports clubs to shut their doors. As a consequence, neither sports activities nor social gatherings could take place for an indefinite period. This situation poses potential risks to sports clubs as clubs could lose members, volunteers, and revenue. The purpose of this study is to investigate how strong clubs have been affected so far by COVID-19 and which capacities help or hinder clubs in dealing with the crisis. (2) Methods: The study is based on large-scale primary data (n = 4295) collected among German sports clubs in autumn 2020. Three fractional regression models are applied to examine which organizational capacities are related to potential threats caused by COVID-19. (3) Results: Clubs perceive the risk of losing members as most threatening, followed by the challenge of retaining volunteers. Potential financial threats are perceived as smaller by clubs without their own sports facilities and paid employees. (4) Conclusions: Overall, sports clubs with a strong solidarity culture seem to be affected less by potential threats through COVID-19. To become more resilient to unexpected external influences, capacity building in specific areas of sports clubs should be considered. Support from public institutions and sports associations is needed.
Radiation-accelerated ions in the hot star winds and the nuclear reactions in a non-equilibrium state

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The problem of the hot star stellar winds heated and accelerated by resonant-scattering ions is briefly discussed. We show that the “kinetic heating” mechanism is rather common in the winds of the hot stars and can explain the warm winds and the X-ray luminosities of the stars. Moreover, in some cases detectable X-rays fluxes are expected.
Notch system is differentially expressed and activated in pituitary adenomas of distinct histotype, tumor cell lines and normal pituitaries

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Pituitary adenomas are among the most frequent intracranial neoplasms and treatment depends on tumor subtype and clinical features. Unfortunately, non responder cases occur, then new molecular targets are needed. Notch system component expression and activation data are scarce in pituitary tumorigenesis, we therefore aimed to characterize Notch system in pituitary tumors of different histotype. In human pituitary adenomas we showed NOTCH1-4 receptors, JAGGED1 ligand and HES1 target gene expression with positive correlations between NOTCH1,2,4 and HES1, and NOTCH3 and JAGGED1 denoting Notch system activation in a subset of tumors. Importantly, NOTCH3 positive cells were higher in corticotropinomas and somatotropinomas compared to non functioning adenomas. In accordance, Notch activation was evidenced in AtT20 tumor corticotropes, with higher levels of NOTCH1-3 active domains, Jagged1 and Hes1 compared to normal pituitary. In the prolactinoma cell lines GH3 and MMQ, in vivo GH3 tumors and normal glands, Notch system activation was lower than in corticotropes. In MMQ cells only the NOTCH2 active domain was increased, whereas NOTCH1 active domain was higher in GH3 tumors. High levels of Jagged1 and Dll1 were found solely in GH3 cells, and Hes1, Hey1 and Hey2 were expressed in a model dependent pattern. Prolactinomas harbored by lacDrd2KO mice expressed high levels of NOTCH1 active domain and reduced Hes1. We show a differential expression of Notch system components in tumoral and normal pituitaries and specific Notch system involvement depending on adenoma histotype, with higher activation in corticotropinomas. These data suggest that targeting Notch pathway may benefit non responder pituitary adenomas.
Social Norms and Behavior in the Local Commons Through the Lens of Field Experiments

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Behavior in the local commons is usually embedded in a context of regulations and social norms that the group of users face. Such norms and rules affect how individuals value material and non-material incentives and therefore determine their decision to cooperate or over extract the resources from the common-pool. This paper discusses the importance of social norms in shaping behavior in the commons through the lens of experiments, and in particular experiments conducted in the field with people that usually face these social dilemmas in their daily life. Through a large sample of experimental sessions with around one thousand people between villagers and students, I test some hypothesis about behavior in the commons when regulations and social norms constrain the choices of people. The results suggest that people evaluate several components of the intrinsic and material motivations in their decision to cooperate. While responding in the expected direction to a imperfectly monitored fine on over extraction, the expected cost of the regulation is not a sufficient explanatory factor for the changes in behavior by the participants in the experiments. Even with zero cost of violations, people can respond positively to an external regulator that issues a normative statement about a rule that is aimed at solving the social dilemma.
Pengaruh Faktor Sosial Ekonomi Terhadap Kunjungan Antenatal Care di PMB Iis Musliha Tangerang Tahun 2024

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Several factors that cause pregnant women to be less compliant in carrying out Antenatal Care (ANC) regularly and on time are their low socio-economic level. Socioeconomic factors play an important role in determining pregnant women's access to ANC services, with mothers' income, employment and education influencing their ability to receive quality health care. Economic constraints, such as transportation and inspection costs, are often the main barrier. To determine the influence of socio-economic factors on antenatal care visits at PMB Iis Musliha. This research uses quantitative descriptive research with a cross sectional study approach, the sample in this study was 40 pregnant women, chi square statistical analysis test. There is an influence of socio-economic factors on antenatal care visits with a value of p=0.000. Pregnant women with low socioeconomic status can seek support from family, friends or community groups to facilitate access to health services.
First Report of Ash Anthracnose Caused by Discula fraxinea in Oregon

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Anthracnose on ash trees has been observed on landscape trees in western Oregon, yet there has been no formal report of the disease or its causal fungus. Anthracnose symptoms are observed annually in May and become severe by July when defoliation starts to occur. From 1989 to now, samples have been received from Benton, Josephine, and Marion counties, suggesting that ash anthracnose has been present throughout western Oregon for some time. To identify the causal agent, a fungus was isolated from acervuli on necrotic lesions on leaves of cultivated white ash (Fraxinus americana L.) trees in Benton County in July 2003. The acervuli produced hyaline, nonseptate, ellipsoid conidia 5 to 11 × 3.5 to 6 µm in diameter. The fungus was identified as Discula fraxinea (Peck) Redlin & Stack (teleomorph Gnomoniella fraxini Redlin & Stack) (2). The sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region (GenBank Accession No. AY455814) and large subunit (GenBank Accession No. AY455818) nrDNA agreed with those of D. fraxinea from Maryland, except for three single-base substitutions and three insertions/deletions in ITS1. Ash anthracnose has been reported from the central and eastern United States and California, the prairie provinces in Canada, and recently, from British Columbia (1). A specimen (U.S. National Fungus Collections BPI 843391) and culture (Centraal Bureau voor Schimmelcultures CBS 114053) of D. fraxinea from Oregon were deposited. References: (1) D. F. Farr et al. Fungal Databases. Systematic Botany and Mycology Laboratory. On-line publication. ARS USDA, 2003. (2) S. C. Redlin and R. W. Stack. Mycotaxon 32:175, 1988.
Adaptive Long-term Embedding with Denoising and Augmentation for Recommendation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The rapid growth of the internet has made personalized recommendation systems indispensable. Graph-based sequential recommendation systems, powered by Graph Neural Networks (GNNs), effectively capture complex user-item interactions but often face challenges such as noise and static representations. In this paper, we introduce the Adaptive Long-term Embedding with Denoising and Augmentation for Recommendation (ALDA4Rec) method, a novel model that constructs an item-item graph, filters noise through community detection, and enriches user-item interactions. Graph Convolutional Networks (GCNs) are then employed to learn short-term representations, while averaging, GRUs, and attention mechanisms are utilized to model long-term embeddings. An MLP-based adaptive weighting strategy is further incorporated to dynamically optimize long-term user preferences. Experiments conducted on four real-world datasets demonstrate that ALDA4Rec outperforms state-of-the-art baselines, delivering notable improvements in both accuracy and robustness. The source code is available at https://github.com/zahraakhlaghi/ALDA4Rec.
Avoidance of False Positives in PCR-Based mRNA Differential Display During Investigation of Nonstandardized Tissues or Cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Although not yet a part of clinical chemical practice, analyzing patterns of differential gene expression in tissues such as cancers will likely become a routine method in coming years. The technique of PCR-based differential display developed by Liang and Pardee (1) has become increasingly popular during the last 4 years and is a considerable advance on conventional methods used to identify differentially expressed genes, such as differential hybridization and subtractive library construction. The advantages of differential display are the low RNA requirement and high versatility. However, serious problems remain, one of the most important being the high rate of false positives. Several methods have been described to deal with this problem, including the simultaneous display of PCR products from two uninduced and two induced lines with the requirement that the patterns from the pairs of uninduced or induced lines agree (2); the running of duplicate, identical samples from each RNA preparation side by side (3)(4); the display of PCR products from uninduced and induced lines over a time course of induction (2); and the repeating of experiments for those lanes in which putative candidate bands were identified (5).

We describe here a method for effectively eliminating false positives and spurious true positives (i.e., genes that really are regulated but whose regulation is not a result of the manipulation under investigation). This method is particularly useful when investigating gene expression in nonstandardized material such as fresh human or animal tissue or cells.

We use PCR-based differential display to investigate gene regulation in human foam cells produced by loading macrophages for 48 h with 80 μg/mL acetlyated (Ac) or oxidized (Ox) low-density lipoprotein (LDL). Human peripheral blood monocytes are isolated from volunteers by a combination of cell separation and countercurrent elutriation as previously described (6). Aliquots of the fractions …
The Next frontier – Neuroscience of Education

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The recent advances in neuroscience and the educational research may work together – a neuroscientific perspective adds a new dimension to the study of learning, and educational knowledge could direct the neuroscience research towards relevant areas. Researchers and educators may work together to identify educationally-relevant research goals and discuss potential implications of research results. Educational neuroscience is necessary for defining a real science of learning. This could be entitled the “neuroscience of education”, based on some of the current issues associated with bioinformatics or neuroinformatics and fMR imaging. The neuroimaging methods could be a valuable tool in the process of understanding the cortical processes that undergo learning.
Urban distance to mental healthcare units and public transport increases duration of untreated psychosis in first-episode patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: There is a growing interest in environmental and social determinants of mental health. However, how distance to healthcare and public transportation affect illness is neglected in schizophrenia research. Here, we are interested in how the availability of mental healthcare and the ways to reach it may be associated with psychosis. Aims: We aim to investigate the association between distances to healthcare units and subway stations and duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) and greater initial severity in an antipsychotic-naïve first episode of psychosis (FEP) sample. Method: Using 212 untreated FEP patients’ data, we calculated the distances from their residences to the places of interest. Diagnoses comprehended schizophrenia spectrum disorders, depressive and bipolar affective disorders, and substance-induced disorders. Linear regressions were performed with distances as independent variables, DUP and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) scores as dependent variables. Results: Longer distance to emergency mental healthcare was related to longer DUP (95% CI: p = .034, B = 0.152) and higher total PANSS (95% CI: p = .007, B = 0.0189); longer distance to community mental healthcare units was related to longer DUP (95% CI: p = .004, B = 0.0204) and higher total PANSS (95% CI: p = .030, B = 0.152). Moreover, a longer distance to the closest subway station predicted longer DUP (95% CI: p = .019, B = 0.170). Conclusion: Our results indicate that poor healthcare access is related to longer DUP and higher initial PANSS scores. Future research should investigate how investments in mental health access and actions to improve public transport access could impact DUP and treatment outcomes in psychosis patients.
Analytical and Numerical Studies of Transient Heat Transfer in Soil for Geothermal Systems

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The study of geothermal systems requires a good knowledge of heat transfers in the depth of the soil. The aim of this work is to study the distribution of temperature in the ground under the climatic conditions of Togo. The analytical and numerical solutions of unidirectional heat transfer equation assuming the soil as a semi-infinite medium are found. The analytical solution is validated by comparing the results of the present work to those found in literature. A good qualitative agreement between these results was noted. The results show that the attenuation depth decreases when the attenuation accuracy of the thermal wave increases. The analysis of the effect of moisture content indicates that the increasing in soil conductivity with moisture result in the decreasing of the attenuation depth. Soil temperature increases when increasing soil thermal diffusivity. It is found also that, soil temperatures decrease with depth and stabilize around an average value of 30°C for depths greater than about 5.8 m for all type of soil studied in the month of March which is the hottest month of the year in Togo. A gradual decrease in temperature can be seen from March to August (hot period) followed by stabilization at around 28°C with a depth of 5.8 m. The phenomenon is reversed for the months of September to February (cold period). The soil warms up slowly during the day and cools down slowly at night because of the thermal inertia of the soil. A decrease in amplitude of the thermal wave near ground surface, is observed when the Leaf Area Index (LAI) increases. However, ils influence on the stabilization depth is not very significant. Stabilization of soil temperatures in March month is observed at a depth of about 40 cm for all LAI with a value of 37°C.
Beauty of Crowdfunding

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Crowdfunding is emerging as a new source of financing for creativity and innovation. It promotes the launching and scaling of new projects for different types of creators by providing networked platforms and handy digital tools. This book provides insight into crowdfunding and how crowdfunding contributes to our communities and society. The book includes an overview of existing discussions across different disciplines, i.e. entrepreneurship, information systems, marketing, and correlates the literature to the best crowdfunding practices. The book begins with origins, basic notions, and antecedents of crowdfunding. In the main parts, it demonstrates the five distinguished facets of crowdfunding: Creativity, diversity, balance, connection, and change. It also addresses the drawbacks of crowdfunding and subsequent outcomes of crowdfunding success. Finally, it provides a perspective on the future of crowdfunding.
Emergency Management Training for Transportation Agencies

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

State transportation agencies have a variety of responsibilities related to emergency management. Field personnel manage events--from day-to-day emergencies to disasters--using the Incident Command System (ICS) as their organizational basis. At the headquarters level, the Emergency Operations Center (EOC) coordinates the use of resources across the department and its districts, with other state departments and agencies, and through the federal Emergency Support Function 1. District-level EOCs coordinate with the department. In extreme events, the transportation department may only be able to deliver limited essential services in austere conditions, so a continuity of operations/ continuity of government plan (COOP/COG) is essential. This research applied the principles of andragogy to deliver ICS field level training, EOC training and COOP/COG training to state transportation agency’s staff in all districts and at headquarters. The data supports the need for adult-oriented methods in emergency management training.
II.—Geological Survey Memoir - The Concealed Coal-field of Yorkshire and Nottinghamshire. By Walcot Gibson, D.Sc. 8vo; pp. vi, 122, with 3 plates and 5 text-illustrations. London: printed, for His Majesty's Stationery Office, 1913. Price 1s. 6d.

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

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