jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Predicting Dynamically Evolving New-Onset Venous Thromboembolic (VTE) Event Risk in Hospitalized Patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background. Hospital acquired (HA) venous thromboembolism (VTE) is the leading cause of preventable hospital death. VTE pathology and symptoms evolve slowly over hours to days. No current VTE risk assessment models incorporate the progressive accrual of dynamic patient data over time of hospitalization. Classification algorithms which incorporate prediction time windows hold promise for closing this gap. \n \nMethods. An observational, retrospective, cohort study was conducted to develop predictive models to classify patients (n=2370) at risk for HA-VTE during SDU admission. Binary logistic regression (BLR), naïve Bayes (NB), Random Forest (RF), and Gradient Boosted Decision Tree (GBDT) algorithms were used to train models for two prediction time windows. Performance was evaluated with 10-fold stratified cross-validation. Models (S+/-) were developed to differentiate patients suspected of HA-VTE who underwent diagnostic radiology evaluation (n=760) from those not suspected/not tested (n=1614). A second set of models (C+/-) were then developed to differentiate between confirmed positive (n-47) and negative (n-713) diagnostic test results. Models were built using a stage-wise process that increased data granularity with each stage: 1) present-on-admission data; 2) low frequency (LF) medication and laboratory data added; and 3) addition of high frequency (HF) vital sign data, collected at a rate of every 20 seconds. Performance was evaluated at each stage using metrics robust to class imbalance and prioritizing recall (TPR). \n \n \nResults. All models demonstrated improved precision-recall performance with progressive addition of dynamic clinical data. Using dynamic LF and HF data, at a prediction time 24 hours in advance of HA-VTE event, the S+/- NB model TPR was 76% (AUPRC .52, PPV 46%, AUROC .60) and RF and GBDT models identified true negatives with a specificity of 80%, and the C+/- NB model had a 91% TPR (AUPRC .77, PPV 53%, AUROC .68). Dynamic hematologic labs, BP, HR, and RR values were identified as important predictors of HA-VTE event outcomes, with importance varying by time prediction window. \n \nConclusion. Classification algorithms applied to routinely collected dynamic clinical data can produce models with improved HA-VTE risk prediction ability over static data models and have the potential to improve detection of at-risk patients.
Evaluation of wear behavior on AISI 431 by vaccum annealing method for sustainable applications

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

In this research work, the vacuum annealed stainless steel samples were subjected to a constant load. The wear behavior of AISI 431 sample were examined by using pin on disc wear tester. The vacuum annealing were used to preserve the stability between ductility and brittleness. The samples were created in cylindrical shape with a length of 40 mm and diameter 8mm. For this current research, 3 samples are treated at 600°C, 660°C, 820°C temperatures and they were assigned asA1, A2 and A3 respectively. The outcome of vacuum annealing is that to reduce the hardness and increase in ductility, to overcome the material from defects and release internal stress. The hardness, wear behavior were measured for the treated and untreated samples. To evaluate the wear behavior, comparison of results, wear test studies and scanning electronic microscope analysis were done.
CRIMEAN-CONGO HEMORRHAGIC FEVER OUTBREAK IN RAWALPINDI, PAKISTAN, FEBRUARY 2002: CONTACT TRACING AND RISK ASSESSMENT

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A 25-year-old woman, later identified as index case of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF), presented to Holy Family Hospital in Rawalpindi, Pakistan with fever and generalized coagulopathy. A retrospective contact tracing was conducted to explore the modes of exposure possibly associated with transmission of CCHF infection among contacts. We traced 32 contacts of the index case and 158 contacts of secondary cases and tested them for IgG and IgM antibodies against CCHF virus by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique. According to the type of exposure, contacts were divided into five subsets: percutaneous contact with blood, blood contact to unbroken skin, cutaneous contact to non-sanguineous body fluids, physical contact with patients without body fluids contact, and close proximity without touching. Two out of four contacts who reported percutaneous exposure tested positive for antibodies to CCHF virus. We conclude that simple barrier methods and care in provision of CCHF cases may prevent transmission of this infection.
The Establishment and Application of Inhibited Expression Vector of Prion Protein by RNA Interference

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

In present research,we intend to construct pG-super-siPrP expression plasmid and explore its function in C6 cells.shPrP was subcloned into pG-super.Recombinant plasmid pG-super-shPrP was transformed into Top10 E.coli,and the ampicillin resistant clones were identified by PCR and DNA sequencing.C6 cells were transfected with the identified pG-super-shPrP and pG-super(the control group) by LipofectamineTM2000.PrP mRNA was quantified by real-time RT-PCR.The results showed that the expression of PrP mRNA in pG-super-shPrP group decreased by 34.2% compared with the control group(P0.05).The detection results of the total activity of superoxide dismutase indicated that PrP promoted the SOD activity.In conclusion,pG-super-shPrP expression plasmid was constructed effectively and took effect in C6 cells,which helped to further study about PrP biochemical and physiological role in animal and offer a attractive therapeutic approach to fight against prion disease.
The Marketing of a Professional Service: Opticians

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

In less than a decade, a series of rapid and radical changes in legislation have led to structural and competitive changes in the market for eye care. In the short period between 1984–9 the ban on advertising was lifted; dispensing of spectacles for most people by unqualified and unregistered suppliers was permitted; National Health Service (NHS) spectacles were phased out; universal free sight testing was abolished; and the sale of simple, ready-made, non-prescription reading spectacles by unqualified vendors was legalized.This article considers the effects of the partial deregulation of the profession of opticians on the marketing strategies employed both by newcomers attracted by liberalization, and of traditional opticians compelled to adapt their operations and organization. First, the changes in the legal framework are examined and compared with that in which the opticians operated prior to 1984. Second, the competitive and commercial marketing environment which has developed as a result of this legislation is analysed, together with the other environmental pressures which have affected this market. Third, the marketing strategies adopted by different types of opticians with regard to positioning, pricing, product range, service and location are discussed. Finally, due to the importance attached by public policy to the lifting of the ban on advertising, the extent to which opticians have used advertising and other types of promotional activities to communicate with their customers is analysed.
A new form of union organizing in Japan? Community unions and the case of the McDonald’s ‘McUnion’

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The article examines how and why a new independent trade union was established in McDonald’s Japan in 2006. We discuss these developments both within the McDonald’s ‘system’ and the broader context of the growth of community unions in the Japanese employment system. The findings suggest that the ‘McUnion’ could be seen as a new form of trade union organizing in Japan; unlike an enterprise union it is independent of the employer and recruits ‘non-regular’ workers, yet unlike most community unions is established in one large employer, on a national rather than regional basis, has largely retained its membership and was established and operates with the direct involvement of the main Japanese Trade Union Confederation, Rengo.
Machine Intelligence Matters: Rethink Human-Robot Collaboration Based on Symmetrical Reality

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Human-robot collaboration could be valuable in some challenging tasks. Previous researches only consider the human-centered systems, but there will be many changes in the symmetrical reality (SR) systems because there are two perceptual centers in symmetrical reality. In this paper, we introduce the contents of the symmetrical reality-based human-robot collaboration and interpret the human- robot collaboration from the perspective of equivalent interaction. By analyzing task definition in symmetrical reality, we present the special features of human-robot collaboration. Furthermore, there are many fields in which the symmetrical reality can produce a remarkable effect, we only list some typical applications, such as service robots, remote training, interactive exhibition, digital assistants, companion robots, the immersive entertainment community and so forth. The current situation and future development of this framework are also analyzed to provide a kind of guidance for researchers.
Kısmi kapsamanın olduğu çok amaçlı yeniden yerleştirme problemi için interaktif bir evrimsel algoritma.

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

In this study, a bi-objective capacitated facility location problem is presented which includes partial coverage concept and relocation of facility nodes. In partial coverage, a predefined distance between a demand node and a facility node is assumed to be fully covered. After the predefined distance, the service level commences to decay linearly. The problem is designed to consider the existence of already functioning facility nodes. It is allowed to close these existing facilities and open new facilities in potential sites. However, existing facility nodes are strongly favored against new facility nodes. The objectives are the maximization of the weighted total coverage and the minimization of number of facility nodes. A novel interactive multi-objective evolutionary algorithm is proposed to solve this problem, I-TREA. I-TREA is originated from NSGA-II and designed for interactive methods benefiting from quality infeasible solutions. The performance of I-TREA is benchmarked with a modified version of NSGA-II on randomly generated problems with various sizes and utility functions.
Transient electroosmosis of a Maxwell fluid in a rotating microchannel

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The transient electroosmotic flow of Maxwell fluid in a rotating microchannel is investigated both analytically and numerically. We bring out the complex dynamics of the flow during the transience due to the combination of rotation and rheological effects. We show the regimes of operation under which our analysis holds the most significance. We also shed some light on the volumetric flow rate characteristics as dictated by the underlying flow physics. Mainly we show and analyze the various regimes of operation under which viscoelastic effects actuated by electroosmotic forcing dominate over Coriolis forces and vice versa, which has not been studied before. We also observe that the analytical solution compares well with the numerical solution. We believe that the results from the present study could potentially have far reaching applications in bio‐fluidic microsystems where fluids such as blood, mucus and saliva may be involved.
Eleven remarkable Diptera species, emerged from fallen aspens in Kivach Nature Reserve, Russian Karelia

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In 2016, saproxylic Diptera associated with aspen ( Populus tremula L.) logs were studied in the Kivach Nature Reserve, Russian Karelia, using trunk emergence traps. Eleven rare species of Diptera (families Limoniidae, Scatopsidae, Axymyiidae, Mycetophilidae, Sciaridae, Platypezidae, Syrphidae and Clusiidae) with poorly known distribution and ecology were recorded. For each species, basic diagnostic characteristics were provided along with the information on microhabitats. An attempt was also undertaken to outline possible associations with wood-decaying macrofungi using nonparametric correlation.
Erratum: 14 Years of Polish Experience in Non-Invasive Prenatal Blood Group Diagnosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Blood cell antigens may cause maternal alloimmunization leading to fetal/newborn disorders. Non-invasive prenatal diagnostics (NIPD) of the blood group permits the determination of feto-maternal incompatibility. Aim: To evaluate 14 years of blood group NIPD at the Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine (IHTM) in Warsaw. Methods: Plasma DNA from 536 RhD-negative, 24 Rhc-negative, 26 RhE-negative, 43 K-negative, and 42 HPA-1a-negative pregnant women was examined by real-time PCR to detect RHD, RHCE*c, RHCE*E, RHCE*C,KEL*01 and HPA*1A, respectively. We tested for CCR5, SRY or bi-allelic polymorphisms and quantified the total or fetal DNA. Results: The results of fetal antigen status prediction by NIPD in all but one case (false-positive result of KEL*01) were correct taking neonate serology as a reference. It was confirmed that all negative results of NIPD contained fetal DNA except for four cases where there was no difference between the parents' polymorphisms. Conclusions: A fetal genotype compatible with the mother was determined in 25% of all pregnancies tested at the IHTM for the fetal blood group. These cases were not at risk of disease, so it was possible to avoid invasive procedures.
The Aghlabids and their Neighbors

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The first dynasty to mint gold dinars outside of the Abbasid heartlands, the Aghlabid (r. 800-909) reign in North Africa has largely been neglected in the scholarship of recent decades, despite the canonical status of its monuments and artworks in early Islamic art history. The Aghlabids and their Neighbors focuses new attention on this key dynasty. The essays in this volume, produced by an international group of specialists in history, art and architectural history, archaeology, and numismatics, illuminate the Aghlabid dynasty’s interactions with neighbors in the western Mediterranean and its rivals and allies elsewhere, providing a state of the question on early medieval North Africa and revealing the centrality of the dynasty and the region to global economic and political networks. Contributors: Lotfi Abdeljaouad, Glaire D. Anderson, Lucia Arcifa, Fabiola Ardizzone, Alessandra Bagnera, Jonathan M. Bloom, Lorenzo Bondioli, Chloé Capel, Patrice Cressier, Mounira Chapoutot-Remadi, Abdelaziz Daoulatli, Claire Déléry, Ahmed El Bahi, Kaoutar Elbaljan, Ahmed Ettahiri, Abdelhamid Fenina, Elizabeth Fentress, Abdallah Fili, Mohamed Ghodhbane, Caroline Goodson, Soundes Gragueb Chatti, Khadija Hamdi, Renata Holod, Jeremy Johns, Tarek Kahlaoui, Hugh Kennedy, Sihem Lamine, Faouzi Mahfoudh, David Mattingly, Irene Montilla, Annliese Nef, Elena Pezzini, Nadège Picotin, Cheryl Porter, Dwight Reynolds, Viva Sacco, Elena Salinas, Martin Sterry.
[HCV-serotype and IFN response].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The relation between HCV-serotypes and response to interferon (IFN) in 114 cases with chronic hepatitis C treated with IFN-alpha were studied. HCV-serotypes; two distinct subgroups (serotype 1 and 2) of hepatitis C virus defined by antibodies directed to the putative core protein, were examined by ELISA developed by Machida et al. 1) Of 33 cases with serotype 2, 20 were responders, whereas, only 5 of 35 cases with serotype 1 responded to IFN therapy. 2) Of 23 cases with HCV-genotype III, 18 (78.3%) responded to IFN. Moreover, 12 (85.7%) of 14 cases who had serotype 2 were responders. On the other hand, only 17 (21.0%) cases with genotype II and 4 (12.1%) cases with serotype 1 responded to IFN. HCV-serotyping as well as HCV-genotyping in cases with chronic hepatitis C seems to be important in predicting the response to IFN therapy.
Use of Old Stories and ‘New’ Possibilities - For the Beautiful Farewell and Reunion of Old Stories and Fairy Tales

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

옛이야기의 활용의 새로운 가능성을 어떻게 마련할 수 있을까? 본 논문은 이 점을 비판적 관점에서 고찰한 것이다. 주지하다시피 옛이야기는 초등교육의 재제 및 창작 동화의 소재로 지속적으로 활용되어 왔다. 그런데 일제강점기에 형성된, ‘옛이야기=전래동화’라는 잘못된 인식이 아동문학계 및 초등교육계에 만연되어 있어서, 현재에 이르기까지 심각한 문제점을 발생시키고 있다. 옛이야기 저자인 것처럼 행세하기, 옛이야기인 것처럼 소개하기, 옛이야기인 것처럼 교육하기 등이 그것이다. 그리고 옛이야기의 표현이나 소재를 이용한 동화 창작을 ‘옛이야기의 올바른 활용법’이라고 생각하는 경향이 아동문학계에 널리 퍼져 있고, 이렇게 해서 창작된 동화들을 ‘창작옛이야기’라고 지칭하자는 주장까지 제기되고 있는데, 이 역시 옛이야기와 전래동화를 동일시하는 데서 발생한 문제점이라고 할 수 있다. 그렇다면 이런 문제점들을 어떻게 시정할 수 있을까? 필자는 옛이야기가 활용되어 온 역사에서 그 시사점을 얻을 수 있다고 본다. 옛이야기는 고전소설의 형성과 발전에 크게 기여해 왔으면서도, 고전소설과 동일시되지 않았고, 역사의 전면에서도 사라지지 않은 채 그 독자적 면모를 계속해서 유지해 왔기 때문이다. 따라서 옛이야기는 옛이야기대로, 동화는 동화대로 그 독자성을 인정하여, 상호 독자적이고 대등한 관계로 되돌려놓는 것이야말로, 앞서의 여러 문제점을 해결하는 근본적 열쇠가 된다고 할 수 있다. 말하자면 아동문학계, 초등교육계에서 옛이야기를 ‘새롭게’ 활용하기 위해서는, 옛이야기와 동화의 아름다운 이별과 재회의 과정을 순차적으로 논의해야 할 것이라고 본다. 이를 창작 동화의 경우에 한정해 설명하자면, 옛이야기의 소재, 표현뿐만 아니라 그 본질(구술성, 또는 구술성의 정신역학)까지를 담아내는 쪽으로 창작의 방향을 정하는 게 마땅할 것이다. 그래야 옛이야기의 독자적 성격을 제대로 담아내는 동화 창작이 실현될 수 있고, 그런 동화들이야말로 옛이야기와는 별개의 성격을 갖는 독자적 작품으로 평가될 수 있을 것이기 때문이다. 그리고 그런 동화들은 ‘창작옛이야기’가 아니라, ‘옛이야기동화’라는 동화의 한 하위 갈래로 지칭될 수 있을 것이다. 아동문학계에서는 동화의 소재에 따라 역사동화, 현실동화처럼 그 하위 갈래를 명명하는 게 일반적이기 때문이다. 앞으로 일제강점기에 형성된 옛이야기와 동화의 잘못된 관계를 바로 잡을 수 있는 구체적, 체계적 연구가 활발하게 이뤄질 수 있기를 기대한다.
Mechanisms of ion channel activation in primary cultured and clonal cell lines

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The effects of hypotonic shock upon membrane C1 permeability of ROS 17/2.8 osteoblast-like cells was investigated using the patch-clamp technique. Hypotonic shock produced cell swelling that was accompanied by large amplitude, outwardly rectifying, currents that were active across the entire physiological range of membrane potentials (-80 to +100 mV). At strong depolarisations (> +50 mV) the currents exhibited time-dependent inactivation that followed a monoexponential time course. The currents were anion selective and exhibited a selectivity sequence of SCN- > I > Br- > Cl- > F- > gluconate. Current activation was unaffected by inhibitors of protein kinase (A (H-89) and tyrosine kinase (tyrphostin A25), and could not be mimicked by elevation of intracellular Ca2+ or activation of protein kinase C. Similarly, disruption of actin filaments by dihydrocytochalsin B, or generation of membrane tension by dipyridamole failed to elicit significant increases in cell chloride permeability. The mechanism of current activation is as yet undetermined. The currents were effectively inhibited by the chloride channel inhibitors NPPB and DIDS but resistant to DPC. A Cl- conductance with similar characteristics was found to be present in mouse primary cultured calvarial osteoblasts. The volume-sensitive Cl- current in ROS 17/2.8 cells was inhibited by arachidonic acid in two distinct phases. A rapid block that developed within 10 s, preceding a slower developing inhibitory phase that occurred approximately 90 s after onset of arachidonate superfusion. Arachidonic acid also induced kinetic modifications of the current which were evident as an acceleration of the time-dependent· inactivation exhibited at depolarised potentials. Inhibitors of cyclo-oxygenases, lipoxygenases and cytochrome P-4S0 were ineffectual against arachidonic acid's effects sugtgesting that arachidonic acid may elicit it's effects directly. Measurements of cell volume under hypotonic conditions showed that ROS 17/2,8 cells could effectively regulate their volume, However, effective inhibitors of the volume-sensitive CI" current drastically impaired this response suggesting that physiologically this current may have a vital role in cell volume regulation, In L6 skeletal myocytes, vasopressin was found to rapidiy hyperpolarise cells. This appears to occur as the result of activation of Ca2+ -sensitive K+ channels in a process dependent upon the presence of extracellular Ca2+.
Alpha-Amylase and Alpha-Glucosidase Enzyme Inhibition and Antioxidant Potential of 3-Oxolupenal and Katononic Acid Isolated from Nuxia oppositifolia

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Nuxia oppositifolia is traditionally used in diabetes treatment in many Arabian countries; however, scientific evidence is lacking. Hence, the present study explored the antidiabetic and antioxidant activities of the plant extracts and their purified compounds. The methanolic crude extract of N. oppositifolia was partitioned using a two-solvent system. The n-hexane fraction was purified by silica gel column chromatography to yield several compounds including katononic acid and 3-oxolupenal. Antidiabetic activities were assessed by α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzyme inhibition. Antioxidant capacities were examined by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) scavenging assays. Further, the interaction between enzymes (α-amylase and α-glucosidase) and ligands (3-oxolupenal and katononic acid) was followed by fluorescence quenching and molecular docking studies. 3-oxolupenal and katononic acid showed IC50 values of 46.2 μg/mL (101.6 µM) and 52.4 μg/mL (119.3 µM), respectively against the amylase inhibition. 3-oxolupenal (62.3 µg/mL or 141.9 μM) exhibited more potent inhibition against α-glucosidases compared to katononic acid (88.6 µg/mL or 194.8 μM). In terms of antioxidant activity, the relatively polar crude extract and n-butanol fraction showed the greatest DPPH and ABTS scavenging activity. However, the antioxidant activities of the purified compounds were in the low to moderate range. Molecular docking studies confirmed that 3-oxolupenal and katononic acid interacted strongly with the active site residues of both α-amylase and α-glucosidase. Fluorescence quenching results also suggest that 3-oxolupenal and katononic acid have a good affinity towards both α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes. This study provides preliminary data for the plant’s use in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Self-Expanding Mind: A Unified Model of Internal Universe Growth Through Curiosity and Dreaming

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

This work proposes a theoretical framework in which the human brain is described as an architecture shaped by systemic inertia: a structural tendency to expand its internally constructed representational universe even in the absence of immediate adaptive pressure. Curiosity functions as the mechanism that explores representational boundaries during wakefulness, and dreaming serves as an offline environment that reorganizes, recombines, and stabilizes newly acquired structures. The model integrates several components: links to existing theories of curiosity and dreaming, an expanded definition of systemic inertia, an account of symbolic variability in dreams, a non-teleological evolutionary interpretation, neural plausibility grounded in distributed cortical–subcortical mechanisms, and explicit falsifiability criteria. Although the framework does not rely on mathematical formalism, it provides testable predictions across cognitive science, sleep research, developmental psychology, artificial intelligence, and cultural evolution. The work is intended as a conceptual foundation for future empirical investigation into the relationship between curiosity, dreaming, and representational expansion.