jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Fruit Series Pastel

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Hydrodynamic interactions (HI) are incorporated into Langevin dynamics of the Cα -based protein model using the Truncated Expansion approximation (TEA) to the Rotne-Prager-Yamakawa diffusion tensor. Computational performance of the obtained GPU realization demonstrates the model's capability for describing protein systems of varying complexity (10(2) -10(5) residues), including biological particles (filaments, virus shells). Comparison of numerical accuracy of the TEA versus exact description of HI reveals similar results for the kinetics and thermodynamics of protein unfolding. The HI speed up and couple biomolecular transitions through cross-communication among protein domains, which result in more collective displacements of structure elements governed by more deterministic (less variable) dynamics. The force-extension/deformation spectra from nanomanipulations in silico exhibit sharper force signals that match well the experimental profiles. Hence, biomolecular simulations without HI overestimate the role of tension/stress fluctuations. Our findings establish the importance of incorporating implicit water-mediated many-body effects into theoretical modeling of dynamic processes involving biomolecules. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
SGML as a Framework for Digital Preservation and Access

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This report explores the suitability of Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML) as a framework for building, managing, and providing access to digital libraries, with special emphasis on preservation and access issues. SGML is an international standard (ISO 8879) designed to promote text interchange. It is used to define markup languages, which can then encode the logical structure and content of any so-defined document. The connection between SGML and the traditional concerns of preservation and access may not be immediately apparent, but the use of descriptive markup tools such as SGML is crucial to the quality and long-term accessibility of digitized materials. Beginning with a general exploration of digital formats for preservation and access, the report provides a staged technical tutorial on the features and uses of SGML. The tutorial covers SGML and related standards, SGML Document Type Definitions in current use, and related projects now under development. A tiered metadata model is described that could incorporate SGML along with other standards to facilitate discovery and retrieval of digital documents. Endnotes and a bibliography provide further resources. Appendices include: a discussion of practical concerns related to the uses of SGML in conversion and authoring projects, descriptions of markup format and SGML tools, and a vendor's look at cost metrics. The report concludes that SGML meets current preservation and access requirements for digital libraries and that SGML solves the widest range of archival database problems today: SGML is a standard; it is non-proprietary and platform-independent; and it allows rich, full access to content-based digital documents. The SGML framework should be seriously considered when planning digital library projects.
`The Parapsychological Association Convention 2007 95 “TOKEN-OBJECT ” EFFECT AND MEDICAL DIAGNOSIS: AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Some psychics and healers claim to obtain impressions of body sensations, visual images of organ dysfunctions, or an “inner knowing”. However, there are few reports of quantitatively evaluated studies with psychics. They sometimes perform “psychometry”, which is defined as an anomalous cognition system, specifically the ability to get “impressions ” from objects. Usually it is described as a type of knowledge which allows a psychic or sensitive to receive impressions using a physical object as an inductor or instrument. A series of psychometry-based experimental sessions was designed. The aim was to explore if there is a significant difference between psychics and nonpsychics. One hundred fifty participants (M age = 45.85; SD= 12.29) who reported personal experiences of psi were split into two groups, persons claiming ESP experiences but no abilities, or “nonpsychics ” (N = 88) and persons claiming ESP skills as well as experiences, or “psychics ” (N = 62). Four adult volunteers who suffered from medically diagnosed diseases (i.e. diabetes mellitus, hernia hiatal, osteoarthritis, and varicose veins) acted as target persons (TPs). They delivered personal objects (a comb, handkerchief, hair brooch, or billfold), which were coded and recoded blind by both experimenters. Instructions asked participants to describe the symptoms in non-technical language. Each participant received four pairs of objects (target and control) to be “touched”. They performed four trials of
Malignancy and Mortality in Pediatric-onset Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Cancer and death are the most severe outcomes that affect patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). These outcomes are even more severe if they occur at a young age but are rare, even in the general population. We conducted a systematic review to provide an overview of all reported pediatric (PIBD) patients with severe outcome. Methods A literature search identified publications that reported development of cancer or fatal outcome in PIBD patients. Studies were eligible for inclusion when (1) article written in English, (2) original data, (3) individual patient information, (4) full text available, (5) study population consisting of patients diagnosed with IBD under the age of 19 years, and (6) who developed malignancy or fatality at any point later in life. Results A total of 98 included studies comprised data of 271 PIBD patients who developed cancer and/or fatal outcome at any point later in life. Meta-analysis demonstrated an increased risk for cancer in PIBD patients (pooled standardized incidence ratio 2.23, 95% CI: 1.98–2.52). The most frequent type of non-fatal cancer was lymphoma, whereas colorectal carcinomas were the most frequently reported type of fatal cancer in PIBD patients and were particularly associated with primary sclerosing cholangitis. The majority of patients with noncancer-related fatal outcomes were diagnosed with ulcerative colitis and most often died due to infectious complications or severe disease-associated complications. Conclusions The data in this review confirm that PIBD associated malignancy and mortality are rare and detailed clinical characteristics are limited. Prospective and international collaborations are needed to obtain more detailed patient-specific information, which is necessary to investigate the relationship between severe outcomes in PIBD patients and the currently used therapeutic strategies.
Impact of water resource development plan on water abstraction and water balance of Lake Ziway, Ethiopia

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Lake Ziway is providing water for a wide variety of sectors in the central rift valley of Ethiopia. However, there is a lack of systematic study that informs the effect of water abstraction on the lake water balance. In the present study, we conducted a Water Abstraction Survey (WAS) to estimate actual water withdrawal from the lake and developed a water balance model of the lake to evaluate the associated impact on the lake water storage and outflow for three development plans. The mean error and root mean square error of the simulated lake water level as compared with observed counterparts were estimated as 0.1 and 0.2 m, respectively, which is smaller than the range of the observed fluctuation of the lake water level under natural condition. Our findings indicate that the actual storage and outflow of Lake Ziway are significantly impacted by the existing water withdrawal. When the future development plans are fully implemented, the annual amount of irrigation and domestic water withdrawal from the lake will reach 95 Mm3 . This will cause the lake water level to drop by 0.94 m, which translates to 38 km2 reductions in the lake surface area. Consequently, the lake will lose 26.5% of its actual storage volume when the future development plan (2029â€“2038) is implemented as compared to the observed storage between 1986 and 2000. Hence, the current impact of water resources development around the lake is substantially large and will exacerbate in the future. This indicates the need for urgent actions to monitor and manage water abstraction from the lake.
Nature's messenger Mark Catesby and his adventures in a new world

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

"In 1772, Mark Catesby stepped ashore in Charleston in the Carolina colony. Over the next four years, this young naturalist made history as he explored deep into America's natural wonders, collecting and drawing plants and animals which had never been seen back in the Old World. Nine years later, Catesby produced his magnificent and groundbreaking book, The Natural History of Carolina, the first-ever illustrated account of American flora and fauna. In Nature's Messenger, acclaimed writer Patrick Dean follows Catesby from his youth as a landed gentleman in rural England to his early work as a naturalist and his adventurous travels. A pioneer in many way, Catesby paid careful attention to the knowledge of non-Europeans in America-- the enslaved Africans and Native Americans who had their own sources of food and medicine from nature-- which set him apart from others of his time. Nature's Messenger takes us from the rice plantations of the Carolina Lowcountry to the bustling coffeehouses of 18th-century England, from the sun-drenched islands of the Bahamas to the austere meeting-rooms of London's Royal Society, then presided over by Isaac Newton. It was a time of discovery, of intellectual ferment, and of the rise of the British Empire. ANd there on history's leading edge, recording the extraordinary and often violent mingling of cultures, as well as of nature, was Mark Catesby. Intensively researched and thrillingly told, Nature's Messenger will thrill fans of exploration and early American history while also appealing to birdwatchers, botanists, and anyone fascinated by the natural world."--pages 2-3 of cover
Hands at the Tiller in Conrad's Suspense and A Personal Record

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Journal Article Hands at the Tiller in Conrad’s Suspense and A Personal Record Get access James T. Bratcher James T. Bratcher San Antonio, Texas bratfam@gvtc.com Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume 58, Issue 1, March 2011, Pages 105–106, https://doi.org/10.1093/notesj/gjq209 Published: 10 January 2011
Research: “They’re just not mature enough sometimes”: Teacher Candidates’ Languaging of Students and Criticality

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Working in an English education teacher preparation program that emphasizes Muhammad’s (2020, 2023) culturally and historically responsive literacy model, three graduate teaching assistants sought to understand how teacher candidates (TCs) in the program take up the learning pursuit of criticality in their planning and teaching. In this article, the authors discuss findings and implications from a qualitative study examining how four TCs languaged their understandings and enactments of criticality. Findings show that TCs’ definitions of criticality shaped their practice, sometimes limiting it based on the compatibility of TCs’ curriculum or priorities with their understandings of criticality. In addition, TCs’ deficit-framing of their students was a factor in how TCs explained the ways they did or did not take up criticality in their teaching. Implications from the study suggest a need to attend to the ways TCs language their students and conceive of criticality to support uptake of criticality in TCs’ planning and instructional practices.
Asymmetry and Agenda-Setting in U.S.-Latin American Relations: Rethinking the Origins of the Alliance for Progress

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The Alliance for Progress anchored U.S. Cold War strategy in Latin America in the early 1960s, and policymakers nowadays still cite it as a model of success. Even so, the origins of the Alliance remain contested. Some scholars have attributed it mainly to the Kennedy administration, others to the Eisenhower administration, and still others to Brazilian President Juscelino Kubitschek, whose Operation Pan-America led to the 1960 Treaty of Bogotá. This article outlines the terms and stakes of the ongoing debate among scholars and U.S. decision-makers; it also emphasizes agenda-setting rather than regional power asymmetries to explain how Brazil influenced U.S. policy. Finally, drawing on archival research in the Brazilian and Argentine Foreign Ministries and the Organization of American States (OAS), as well as on published Latin American policy documents and U.S. congressional records, the article shows that Kubitschek created partnerships with Argentina and Colombia and built a Latin American consensus within the OAS, thereby establishing the range of U.S. foreign policy options and setting the inter-American agenda.
Welfare Rights and the Constitutional Ethic of Justice Thurgood Marshall

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This paper is part of a large dialogue which the constitutional law scholar Michael Perry has described as “constitutional conversation.” This collaboration between ethics and law in service of law’s quest for justice is therefore, in the author's view, an effort then to secure expansion and elaboration of existing legal doctrine by bringing ethical analysis into the Constitutional conversation as a resource. It is emphatically not an effort to collapse Constitutional theory into ethics, nor is this paper an argument in support of a “Christian Constitutional Theory.” This effort is based on the assumption that ethical analysis has an important role to play in the constitutional conversation. It endeavors to bring a more disciplined kind of ethical analysis than the undisciplined and frequently unconscious kind seen in judicial opinions.
Lake types and their definition: a case study from Denmark

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

In the EU Water Framework Directive, lakes are classified into different types primarily on the basis of morphological and chemical characteristics. Lake type definition is not trivial because the different lake types may require different nutrient loading reduction targets to achieve the goal of at least "good" ecological status. Using data from 770 Danish lakes, we illustrate some of the problems associated with classification. In Denmark, 16 potentially different lake types are defined using an alkalinity boundary of 0.2 meq/L, a colour boundary of 60 mg/L Pt, a salinity boundary of 0.5 parts per thousand, and a water mean depth boundary of 3 m. However, all classification variables showed considerable seasonal and interannual variation. Most lakes with a mean depth <3 m were polymictic, but stratification depended on lake size, complicating simple classification according to depth. Conditional inference tree analyses defined relatively clearly delineated groups of macrophytes, phytoplankton, and fish based on species presence, thereby confirming the relevance of using lake type classification. Alkalinity and salinity were the 2 most important factors and defined alkalinity split points at 0.07 and 0.76 meq/L and salinity split points between 0.5 parts per thousand and 4 parts per thousand. However, with a few exceptions, the individual taxa occurred over a broad range of lake characteristics. Lake classification may be necessary for management reasons, but the absence of well-defined boundaries among lake types and a large natural variability in morphological and chemical characteristics urge cautious decisions when defining targets for external nutrient loading reduction for the various lake categories.
Image_3.PDF

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

<p>Antibiotic resistance is now a worldwide therapeutic problem. Since the beginning of anti-infectious treatment bacteria have rapidly shown an incredible ability to develop and transfer resistance mechanisms. In the last decades, the design variation of pioneer bioactive molecules has strongly improved their activity and the pharmaceutical companies partly won the race against the clock. Since the 1980s, the new classes of antibiotics that emerged were mainly directed to Gram-positive bacteria. Thus, we are now facing to multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria, with no therapeutic options to deal with them. These bacteria are mainly resistant because of their double membrane that conjointly impairs antibiotic accumulation and extrudes these molecules when entered. The main challenge is to allow antibiotics to cross the impermeable envelope and reach their targets. One promising solution would be to associate, in a combination therapy, a usual antibiotic with a non-antibiotic chemosensitizer. Nevertheless, for effective drug discovery, there is a prominent lack of tools required to understand the rules of permeation and accumulation into Gram-negative bacteria. By the use of a multidrug-resistant enterobacteria, we introduce a high-content screening procedure for chemosensitizers discovery by quantitative assessment of drug accumulation, alteration of barriers, and deduction of their activity profile. We assembled and analyzed a control chemicals library to perform the proof of concept. The analysis was based on real-time monitoring of the efflux alteration and measure of the influx increase in the presence of studied compounds in an automatized bio-assay. Then, synergistic activity of compounds with an antibiotic was studied and kinetic data reduction was performed which led to the calculation of a score for each barrier to be altered.</p>
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Structure of Cs4(VO)2O(SO4)4.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Analysis and asymptotics of a one-dimensional ion extraction model

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In this paper a one-dimensional model for ion extraction from a plasma is investigated. The analysis is achieved thanks to a singular perturbation of the transport equations based on the smallness of both, the Debye length and the thermal voltage. The convergence of the perturbed problems to a limit problem, where a “free surface” appears, is proved (in one dimension the free surface reduces to a single point). The analysis is first done for finite temperature ions. For cold ions, the analysis can be carried out further: a boundary layer lying at the free surface is exhibited and analyzed.
Choosing to Die

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Two articles in the September–October 2022 issue of the Hastings Center Report discuss health‐related reasons that people might have to actively bring their lives to an end. In one, Brent Kious considers the situation of a person who, because of illness, becomes a burden on loved ones. A person in such a situation might prefer to die, and Kious argues that, while there is no obligation to hasten one's death, the choice to do so could sometimes be reasonable. In a second article, Henri Wijsbek and Thomas Nys discuss a case in the Netherlands in which a woman with severe dementia was euthanized at a point when her advance euthanasia directive did not align with what she said, when asked, about death. Wijsbek and Nys defend the authority of her advance directive against a range of objections . In a third article, Henry Silverman and Patrick Odonkor, physicians at the University of Maryland Medical Center, where the first pig‐to‐human heart transplantation was performed in early 2022, develop recommendations for clinical trials of porcine heart transplantation. And an essay in the issue criticizes the allocation recommendations developed for Covid‐19 vaccines by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices .
Summary of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) is a condition caused by alcohol exposure before birth. During pregnancy, alcohol freely crosses the placenta. The baby cannot process the alcohol and this may result in damage to the baby’s brain and body. Not all babies exposed to alcohol during pregnancy will develop FASD, but there is no safe level of alcohol use during pregnancy. FASD is a lifelong condition that results in cognitive, physical and behavioural disabilities. FASD occurs everywhere in Australia where people drink alcohol. Many women drink during pregnancy before they know they are pregnant and there is a lack of awareness about how alcohol use during pregnancy can affect the developing baby. While alcohol use is generally less common among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women than non-Indigenous women, for those who do drink, alcohol use is more likely to be at a risky level. The National Health and Medical Research Council alcohol guideline for pregnancy recommends that ‘To prevent harm from alcohol to their unborn child, women who are pregnant or planning a pregnancy should not drink alcohol’. This summary is based on the Review of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. The review summarises the evidence from journal publications, government reports, national data collections and national surveys accessed through the Australian Indigenous HealthInfoNet’s database of publications.
SPECIAL PAPER: MERISTEMS AND EVOLUTION: DEVELOPMENTAL CORRESPONDENCE AMONG THE RHIZOMORPHS OF THE LYCOPSIDS

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This paper deals with a comparison of the rooted axes (rhizomorphs) of Isoetes with those of Stigmaria, Pleuromeia and other fossil lycopsids from the standpoint of developmental correspondence. The objective is to present a mechanistic approach to the problem of evaluating possible interrelationships among the genera. The results complement those from other comtemporary approaches to the same problem. These main points are advocated: 1) The rhizomorphs of Isoetes and Stylites correspond. Because neither of these contains an apical meristem, neither corresponds to Stigmaria with respect to organization of the axis or root production. 2) Rooted portions of Isoetes and Pleuromeia correspond, although external lobing in Pleuromeia parallels lobing of the stele, whereas in Isoetes external lobing occurs between the lobes of the stele. In both cases, lobing of the stele is associated with root production. 3) Paurodendron rhizomorphs appear to correspond to Stigmaria developmentally with regard to the presence of an apical meristem and the arrangement of roots, but Paurodendron rhizomorphs are shorter. If several lines of root production were added to the vascular cambium of the kind of rhizomorph seen in Paurodendron , a plant part like the rooted portion of Pleuromeia could result. Further extrapolations of the Paurodendron form of growth are explored for their bearing on comparison of rhizomorphs among the lycopsids.
CraigOpenPracticesDisclosure_rev – Supplemental material for Sexual Selection, Agonistic Signaling, and the Effect of Beards on Recognition of Men’s Anger Displays

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Supplemental material, CraigOpenPracticesDisclosure_rev for Sexual Selection, Agonistic Signaling, and the Effect of Beards on Recognition of Men’s Anger Displays by Belinda M. Craig, Nicole L. Nelson and Barnaby J. W. Dixson in Psychological Science