jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A Microscopically Motivated Model for Particle Penetration into Swollen Biological Networks

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Biological gels (bio-gels) are hydrated polymer networks that serve diverse biological functions, which often lead to intentional or unintentional exposure to particulate matter. In this work, we derive a microscopically motivated framework that enables the investigation of penetration mechanisms into bio-gels. We distinguish between two types of mechanisms: spontaneous (unforced) penetration and forced penetration. Using experimental data available in the literature, we exploit the proposed model to characterize and compare between the microstructures of respiratory, intestinal, and cervicovaginal mucus and two types of biofilms. Next, we investigate the forced penetration process of spherical and ellipsoidal particles into a locally quadrilateral network. The proposed framework can be used to improve and complement the analysis of experimental findings in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo. Additionally, the insights from this work pave the way towards enhanced designs of nano-medicines and allow the assessment of risk factors related to the nano-pollutants exposure.
A Novel Architecture of Depthwise Separable CNN and Multi-Level Pooling for Detection and Classification of Myopic Maculopathy

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Myopic maculopathy (MM), also known as myopic macular degeneration, is the most serious, irreversible, vision-threatening complication and the leading cause of visual impairment and blindness. Numerous research studies demonstrate that the convolutional neural network (CNN) outperforms many applications. Current CNN designs employ a variety of techniques, such as fixed convolutional kernels, the absolute value layer, data augmentation, and domain knowledge, to enhance performance. However, some network structure designing hasn't received much attention yet. The intricacy of the MM categorization and definition system makes it challenging to employ deep learning (DL) technology in the diagnosis of pathologic myopia lesions. To increase the detection precision of MM's spatial domain, the proposed work first concentrates on creating a novel CNN network structure then improve the convolution kernels in the preprocessing layer. The number of parameters is decreased, and the characteristic of a small local region is modeled using the smaller convolution kernels. Next channel correlation of the residuals with separable convolutions is employed to compress the image features. Then, the local features using the spatial pyramid pooling (SPP) technique is combined, which improves the features' capacity to be represented by multi-level pooling. The use of data augmentation is the final step in enhancing network performance. Compress the residuals in this paper to make use of the channel correlation. The accuracy achieved by the model was 95%, F1-score of 96.5% and AUC of 0.92 on augmented MM-PALM dataset. The paper concludes by conducting a comparative study of various deep-learning architectures. The findings highlight that the hybrid CNN with SPP and XgBoost (Depthwise-XgBoost) architecture is the ideal deep learning classification model for automated detection of four stages of MM.
Difficulty in the Fermi-Liquid-Based Theory for the In-Plane Magnetic Anisotropy in Untwinned High-T_c Superconductor

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Recently, Eremin and Manske [1] presented a oneband Fermi-liquid theory for the in-plane magnetic anisotropy in untwinned high-Tc superconductor YBa2Cu3O6:85 (YBCO). They claimed that they found good agreement with inelastic neutron scattering (INS) spectra. In this Comment, we point out that their conclusion on this important problem may be questionable due to an error in logic about the orthorhombicity delta_0 characterizing the lattice structure of YBCO. In Ref. [1], a single band at delta_0>0 is proved to be in accordance with the angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) on untwinned YBCO. But in their Erratum in PRL[3], they admit that delta_0= -0.03 was used to fit the INS data. Hence publications [1,3] contain errors that we believe invalidate their approach.
HECT ubiquitin ligases as accessory proteins of the plant proteasome

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract The proteasome plays vital roles in eukaryotic cells by orchestrating the regulated degradation of large repertoires of substrates involved in numerous biological processes. Proteasome dysfunction is associated with a wide variety of human pathologies and in plants severely affects growth, development and responses to stress. The activity of E3 ubiquitin ligases marks proteins fated for degradation with chains of the post-translational modifier, ubiquitin. Proteasomal processing of ubiquitinated substrates involves ubiquitin chain recognition, deubiquitination, ATP-mediated unfolding and translocation, and proteolytic digestion. This complex series of steps is made possible not only by the many specialised subunits of the 1.5 MDa proteasome complex but also by a range of accessory proteins that are recruited to the proteasome. A surprising class of accessory proteins are members of the HECT-type family of ubiquitin ligases that utilise a unique mechanism for post-translational attachment of ubiquitin to their substrates. So why do proteasomes that already contain all the necessary machinery to recognise ubiquitinated substrates, harbour HECT ligase activity? It is now clear that some ubiquitin ligases physically relay their substrates to proteasome-associated HECT ligases, which prevent substrate stalling at the proteasome. Moreover, HECT ligases ubiquitinate proteasome subunits, thereby modifying the proteasome’s ability to recognise substrates. They may therefore enable proteasomes to be both non-specific and extraordinarily selective in a complex substrate environment. Understanding the relationship between the proteasome and accessory HECT ligases will reveal how the proteasome controls so many diverse plant developmental and stress responses.
A Second Order Confirmatory Factor Analysis of Composite Indicators of Sufficiency Economy Integration of Knowledge Management for Basic Education Principals

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this study to develop composite indicators of Sufficiency Economy (SE) integration of knowledge management for basic education Principals, and verify the fit of the indicators with empirical data. The basic education principals of Phitsanulok province service area in the year 2011 were collect to the research samples by stratified random sampling , 120 units answer Likert's 5 scale of questionnaire, but only 110 units that answer completely information were used for analysis by the second order confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The research results shown that, Composite Indicator from development consisted of 5 main components and 21 indicators were fitted with the empirical data, determined from the Chi-square values = 107.13, and not statistical significance (p = 0.98224) at zero degrees of freedom (df = 140) indicated that model not different from the empirical data. Goodness of fit index (GFI = 0.91), Standardized RMR = 0.048, and Q-plot curve steeper than the diagonal. The main elements that have the highest priority consisted the knowledge acquisition that focused on participation of indicate issue of the SE philosophy into action of school, as with the main elements of knowledge usage/utilization that have the highest priority an focused on indicators to enhance the links between the knowledge of the same type in school. Keywords: Composite indicators, Sufficiency Economy, Knowledge Management
Protamine Sulfate Used in Cardiac Surgery Influences Mitochondrial Bioenergetics Profile and Induces Reactive Oxygen Species Production

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: Protamine sulfate is widely used albeit its pharmacological effects are not fully understood and applications are often accompanied by unwanted side effects. Here, we show the effect of protamine sulfate (PS) on mitochondrial bioenergetics profile, and the resulting mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production.
Nonlinear current response and electric quantum oscillations in the Dirac semimetal Cd3As2

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Chiral anomaly is a distinct quantum anomaly associated with chiral fermions in Dirac or Weyl semimetals. The use of negative magnetoresistance (negative MR) as a signature for this anomaly remains contentious, as trivial mechanisms such as current jetting and weak localization can also induce negative MR. In this study, we report a novel nonlinear behavior of the chiral anomaly in the longitudinal direction, which we observed by applying parallel current and magnetic field to the Dirac semimetal Cd 3 As 2 . This nonlinear characteristic peaks at an intermediate magnetic field of approximately 5 T, displaying a resistance-increasing property concomitant with strengthening of the current source. Through angle-dependence experiments, we were able to rule out trivial factors, such as thermal effects, geometric artifacts, and anisotropy. Furthermore, additional electric quantum oscillations were observed when the direct current (DC) was applied as high as 300 μA. Such an unusual phenomenon is ascribed to the formation of quantized levels due to Bloch oscillation in the high DC regime, suggesting that an oscillatory density distribution may arise as the electric field increases. The non-Ohmic electric quantum oscillations open a new avenue for exploring chiral anomaly and other nontrivial topological properties, which is also one of the salient features of nonequilibrium steady states in condensed matter physics.
[A case of the brainstem tactile hallucinosis due to pontine hemorrhage].

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

A 53-year-old man with hypertension was admitted to our hospital, for somnolence, horizontal gaze palsy, right hemiparesis and right sensory disturbance. Brain CT scan revealed a high density area from the left lower pontine tegmentum to the left tegmentum of the lower midbrain. As he became alert, he reported visual hallucination. Two weeks after onset of stroke, he complained tactile hallucination on his right half body with sensory disturbance. After disappearance of the visual hallucination, the tactile hallucination had been persisted. This is the first report of peduncular hallucinosis with long-persisted tactile hallucination due to brainstem bleeding. Tactile hallucination was suggested to be associated with sensory disturbance and extensive destruction of the brain stem tegmentum.
Evaluating an Information Display for Clinical Decision Making in the Intensive Care Unit

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This paper reports the evaluation of a Recursive-Diagnostic Framework (RDF) based paper prototype for a clinical information system in the intensive care unit (ICU). Based on an observation of the reliability and validity of RDF concepts when applied to real-world data, it was hypothesised that an RDF-based information design might facilitate more efficient information processing by ICU medical and nursing staff. Eight nurses and four senior medical consultants participated in an experimental protocol that involved completing ICU tasks with patient data using conventional vs RDF designs. Nurses were asked to complete change detection tasks, whereas doctors completed diagnostic tasks. The results of the experiments show that nurses were able to identify significantly more changed parameters over broader time spans using the new design compared to the old. Doctors show greater levels of diagnostic agreement using the new design. These findings support the view that the structure of information in the new design better supports ICU roles and common situation awareness.
CoeusAI QGIS plugin - Efficient exploratory search for features

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Our QGIS plugin, CoeusAI, is designed for exploration of multiband geospatial datasets. It lets the user iteratively train and retrain classification models in seconds. Traditional machine learning approaches can lack intelligent predictions, while deep neural nets typically require vast amounts of training data and compute. Our tool combines a pretrained UNet for feature extraction with a RandomForest for classification. We therefore leverage strong points of both. The use of a UNet makes it possible to take into account complex patterns and encode these in a feature space. The RandomForest is then trained on top of those features with little labeled data, and only seconds (or minutes) of compute time required. This allows for an interactive and explorative user experience. CoeusAI uses the functionalities of the command-line-tool and Python package, Pycoeus, it's main dependency, and makes them available with a user-friendly graphical user-interface to use in QGIS.
The Quincy (Illinois) Typhoid Epidemic

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Journal Article The Quincy (Illinois) Typhoid Epidemic Get access Edwin O. Jordan, Edwin O. Jordan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Ernest E. Irons Ernest E. Irons Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 13, Issue 1, July 1913, Pages 16–29, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/13.1.16 Published: 01 July 1913 Article history Received: 09 June 1913 Published: 01 July 1913
Iron Age mortuary rites in southern Britain: Familiar ancestors, foreign ideas

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Coming from a family which is Scottish on one side and English on the other, Andrew Lamb has been curious about cultural differences between closely related groups from a young age. Combined with a long lasting interest in the European Iron Age (due in no small part to Asterix comics), his current research focuses on the southern counties of England between c.500 BC and AD 70, examining the variation in human remains across this area.
Transluminal Stent-assisted Angioplasty of the Intracranial Vertebrobasilar System for Medically Refractory, Posterior Circulation Ischemia: Early Results

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract OBJECTIVE Symptomatic vertebrobasilar artery stenosis portends a poor prognosis, even with medical therapy. Surgical intervention is associated with considerable morbidity, and percutaneous angioplasty alone has demonstrated mixed results, with significant complications. Recent advances in stent technology have allowed for a novel treatment of symptomatic, medically refractory, vertebrobasilar artery stenosis. We report on a series of patients with medically refractory, posterior circulation stenosis who were treated with transluminal angioplasty and stenting at two medical centers in the United States. METHODS A retrospective analysis of data for 11 consecutive patients with symptomatic, medically refractory, intracranial, vertebral or basilar artery stenosis was performed. All patients were treated with percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and stenting. Short-term clinical and angiographic follow-up data were obtained. RESULTS Among 11 patients who were treated with stent-assisted angioplasty of the basilar or vertebral arteries, there were three periprocedural deaths and one delayed death after a pontine stroke. Other complications included a second pontine infarction, with subsequent residual diplopia. The remaining seven patients (64%) experienced symptom resolution and have resumed their preprocedural activities of daily living. Angiographic follow-up examinations demonstrated good patency of the stented lesions for five of seven survivors (71%); one patient exhibited minimal intrastent intimal hyperplasia, and another patient developed new stenosis proximal to the stent and also developed an aneurysm within the stented portion of the basilar artery. The last patient exhibited 40% narrowing of the treated portion of the vessel lumen. CONCLUSION Recent advances in stent technology allow negotiation of the proximal posterior circulation vasculature. Although the treatment of vertebrobasilar artery stenosis with angioplasty and stenting is promising, long-term angiographic and clinical follow-up monitoring of a larger patient population is needed.
Perception Towards Rehabilitation And Punishment In Correctional Facilities During The Era Of Homeland Security

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this study is to measure knowledge and perception in the era of homeland security with the aim of determining if rehabilitation is a concept no longer prioritized given the apparent need to fight terrorism. This study reports results from the distribution of approximately 130 surveys to three undergraduate criminology and criminal justice classes. This study asks questions that pertain specifically to adult and juvenile correctional facilities in order to determine if there is a difference in perception and knowledge between the two different facilities. The results were entered into a statistical database called SPSS, Statistical Package for the Social Services, and then interpreted for the reader. Findings suggest that there is little difference in the opinions between males and females regarding rehabilitation and punishment; however, this is significant due to other various factors.
Acute Myocardial Infarction with Bundle Branch Block (Rbbb or Lbbb) - Clinical Characteristics, Complications & Prognostic Significance - A Hospital Based Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The occurrence of bundle branch block in acute myocardial infarction is important because it indicates that infarction may be extensive and may result in cardiac failure or death; however, the presence of bundle branch block is also important because it indicates seriously jeopardized AV conduction which could result in sudden extremely slow heart rates or asystolic arrest.The aim of the study was to study clinical characteristics in patients of acute coronary syndrome with bundle branch block and to assess the association of bundle branch block with major cardiovascular events or complications and to determine in-hospital mortality .The study was done on patients of acute myocardial infarction (MI) admitted between April 2012 to Nov. 13 in the coronary unit of J.A.H., Gwalior . Informed and written consent was taken from all patients before enrolling this work. The inclusion criteria included those patients admitted within 48 hrs of onset of symptoms with bundle branch block on the admission ECG and new onset bundle branch block during hospital stay Study excluded patients with previous history of documented bundle branch block.The statistically significant findings of the study included more common incidence of anterior wall infarct over inferior, right bundle branch block over left bundle branch block ,right bundle branch block in males and in patients of age less than 60 years .Mortality was higher in patients with anterior wall MI associated with finding of Left bundle branch block .
Le campement mésolithique des Etangs de la Brenière à Montbert (Loire-Atlantique)

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The effective protection of the encampment of the Etangs de la Brenière has allowed a homogeneous mesolithic industry. The hunters, settled in a specially well sheltered vale, worked the best facies of a local stone. Ligerian (lone-valley) flint only competed with this stone for the most elaborate productions. With a strongly laminar debitage, the industry of the Etangs de la Brenière, with its transvasal base points of hesitating technology, going with others more classic, a few Chaville points and azilian points, also the relative importance of its isoceles triangles, could be attributed to an early Preboreal occupation.
Efficacy of Different Botanicals and Carbendazim in Managing Anthracnose (Colletotrichum lindemuthianum) in Green Gram (Vigna radiata L.)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A field trial was conducted during the Kharif season of 2023 at the Central Research Field, Department of Plant Pathology, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh. The objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of different botanicals in combination with 50 WP carbendazim against anthracnose disease caused by Colletotrichum lindemuthianum in green gram (Vigna radiata L.). Experimental results showed that all treatments significantly improved yield compared to the untreated control. The highest yield was recorded in T6 comprising (Carbendazim alone as seed and foliar treatment) recorded 11.23 q/ha which was followed by T1 (Carbendazim + Neem oil) to the tune of 9.23 q/ha and 8.73 q/ha. In control plot i.e (T0) yielded the lowest at 6.03 q/ha. In terms of cost-benefit ratio (CBR), T6 again showed the highest economic return (1:3.54), followed by T1 (1:2.90), and T2 (1:2.52). The control recorded a lower CBR of 1:2.02. The study highlights the potential of integrating botanicals like neem and eucalyptus oil with carbendazim for effective and economical management of anthracnose in green gram.
Self-healing and polymer welding of soft and stiff epoxy thermosets via silanolates

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Incorporating dynamic bonds into polymers enables static thermosets to be transformed into active materials, possessing the reprocessability of thermoplastics while maintaining the bulk properties of fully crosslinked networks. This new class of materials, termed covalent adaptable networks (CANs), has helped bridge the gap between traditional thermosets and thermoplastics. Here, epoxy-based adaptable networks were synthesized by combining a diepoxide monomer with an oligosiloxane prepolymer containing aminopropyl groups, which crosslink irreversibly, and silanolate end-groups, which participate in dynamic bonding. Two separate diepoxide crosslinkers were used to give a range of soft to stiff materials with a Young’s modulus varying from 12 MPa to 2.2 GPa. This study documents how the thermal and mechanical properties (e.g., glass transition temperature and modulus) are affected by compositional changes in these silanolate networks. Dynamic bonding also results in self-healing properties, offering the ability to repair structural polymers and composites. When combined with tunable mechanical properties, self-healing capabilities make these materials well-suited to be sustainable alternatives for many traditional thermosets. For example, we demonstrated the ability to weld a stiff epoxy thermoset to a dissimilar soft material, a feature traditional epoxies do not permit. Graphical abstract
Raise: What 4-H Teaches Seven Million Kids in a Resource Review

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

For over 100 years the 4-H Youth Development program has provided countless experiences for youth. This article reviews the recently published book Raise: What 4-H teaches seven million kids and how its lessons could change food and farming forever (Butler, 2015). While the book focuses primarily on the California 4-H program, the author also highlights research from historical 4-H documents as well as thoughts from National 4-H program leaders.