jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Working together, sharing the burden

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract

Summary

Biomolecules shift their structures as a function of temperature and concentrations of protons, ions, small molecules, proteins, and nucleic acids. These transitions impact or underlie biological function and are being monitored at increasingly high throughput. For example, folding transitions for large collections of RNAs can now be monitored at single residue resolution by chemical mapping techniques. LIkelihood-based Fits of Folding Transitions (LIFFT) quantifies these data through well-defined thermodynamic models. LIFFT implements a Bayesian framework that takes into account data at all measured residues and enables visual assessment of modeling uncertainties that can be overlooked in least-squares fits. The framework is appropriate for multimodal techniques ranging from chemical mapping including multi-wavelength spectroscopy.

Availability

Freely available MATLAB package at https://ribokit.stanford.edu/LIFFT/.

Contact

rhiju@stanford.edu

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Predicaments in Researching Spirituality and Religion: A Response to Glicksman's “Contemporary Study of Religion and Spirituality Among the Elderly”

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Glicksman's perceptive critique calls attention to significant recurrent issues in the study of religion and spirituality that point to the need for humility by all who engage in it. Among these issues are implicit questions: What is spirituality? Is it a universal feature of humanity even though its manifestations are very diverse? How do researchers' assumptions and answers to those questions affect the methodologies they use to study religion and spirituality? Is theology relevant? Examples of overlapping scriptures of Judaism and evangelical Protestantism show how easily theological doctrines and philosophical values are misinterpreted by outsiders and how important they are for understanding the faith-related behavior of any group of people. Multidisciplinary research on the spirituality of people from all religions and none, global comparisons of the results, and painstaking analyses of the findings can bring us closer to comprehending the mysteries of spirituality and using them for the benefit of humanity.
Risk factors for peritoneal dissemination of ovarian cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction. Ovarian epithelial tumors constitute 60% of all ovarian tumors and approximately 90% of primary ovarian tumors. Most patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage of the disease. Epithelial ovarian tumors typically spread via transcoelomic dissemination, with about 70% of patients presenting with peritoneal metastases. Additionally, cancers can metastasize to the pelvic lymph nodes. The objective of this study was to identify which clinical characteristics of malignant ovarian cancer might influence the occurrence of peritoneal metastases. Material and Methods. This retrospective study involved histopathological analysis of 99 malignant ovarian tumors treated at the Institute of Oncology of Vojvodina between January 1, 2018 and December 31, 2020. The analysis included patient age, referral and final diagnosis, dimensions of ovaries, fallopian tubes, and tumor tissue, tumor bilaterality, histological type and grade, Tumor-Node-Metastasis classification, International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stages of the tumor, ovarian capsule involvement, fallopian tube involvement, and presence of peritoneal implants. Patients were categorized into two groups: one with peritoneal dissemination of cancer and the other without peritoneal metastasis. Results. A statistically significant difference was observed between the presence of peritoneal dissemination and tumor bilaterality (p?0.05), as well as capsular invasion by the primary tumor (p?0.05). Conclusion. Specific clinical characteristics of ovarian cancer can aid in assessing the extent of primary ovarian tumor involvement and guide the selection of appropriate therapeutic interventions.
Phacoemulsification and Endocapsular Implantation of an Artificial Iris Intraocular Lens in Traumatic Cataract and Aniridia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Journal of Cataract & Refractive Surgery: July 2002 - Volume 28 - Issue 7 - p 1088-1091 doi: 10.1016/S0886-3350(02)01331-7
Comparisons of Equality With Germanso…wie, and the Relationship Between Degrees and Properties

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract We present a compositionally transparent, unified semantic analysis of two kinds of so…wie-equative constructions in German, namely degree equatives and property equatives in the domain of individuals or events. Unlike in English and many other European languages (Haspelmath & Buchholz 1998, Rett 2013), both equative types in German feature the parameter marker so, suggesting a unified analysis. We show that the parallel formal expression of German degree and property equatives is accompanied by a parallel syntactic distribution (in predicative, attributive, and adverbial position), and by identical semantic properties: Both equative types allow for scope ambiguities, show negative island effects out of context, and license the negative polarity item überhaupt ‘at all’ in the complement clause. As the same properties are also shared by German comparatives, we adopt the influential quantificational analysis of comparatives in von Stechow (1984ab), Heim (1985, 2001, 2007), and Beck (2011), and treat both German equative types in a uniform manner as expressing universal quantification over sets of degrees or over sets of properties (of individuals or events). Conceptually, the uniform marking of degree-related and property-related meanings is expected given that the abstract semantic category degree (type $d$) can be reconstructed in terms of equivalence classes, i.e., ontologically simpler sets of individuals (type $\langle e,t\rangle $) or events (type $\langle v,t\rangle $). These are found in any language, showing that whether or not a language makes explicit reference to degrees (by means of gradable adjectives, degree question words, degree-only equatives) does not follow on general conceptual or semantic grounds, but is determined by the grammar of that language.
Gonadotropin bioactivities in mouse, hamster, rat and guinea pig pituitaries are largely adsorbed on concanavalin A-sepharose.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The pituitaries of mice, hamsters, guinea pigs and rats were extracted with Tris-Cl buffer and the extracts were chromatographed on Concanavalin A (ConA)-Sepharose into unadsorbed ConA I and adsorbed ConA II fractions. The ConA I fraction was subjected to gel filtration on Sephadex G-100 and fractionated into an unretarded peak and several retarded peaks. The peak with a molecular weight of approximately 40,000 (designated ConAI Sephadex fraction II) was then subjected to ion exchange chromatography on CM-cellulose and fractionated into an unadsorbed CM I and an adsorbed CM II fraction. The ConA II fraction was fractionated by ion exchange chromatography on CM-cellulose into CM I and CM II fractions. The ConA II CM II fraction was the chromatographic fraction which exhibited the highest potency in stimulating testosterone production by isolated rat Leydig cells. Its activity was much higher than the corresponding ConA I Sephadex fraction II CM II fraction which differed chromatographically only by non-adsorption on ConA-Sepharose. The ConA II CM II fraction manifested cross reactivity in a rat luteinizing hormone (LH) radioimmunoassay. The guinea pig pituitary ConA II CM II fraction also cross-reacted in a rat thyroid stimulating hormone radioimmunoassay. The ConA II fractions of hamster and guinea pig pituitary extracts demonstrated follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) activity while the corresponding ConA I fractions did not. The results suggest that the ConA II/ConA II CM II fraction contained most of the FSH and LH activities present in the pituitary extract.
The Effects of Argan Oil in Second-degree Burn Wound Healing in Rats.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Argan oil, produced from the kernels of the argan tree (Argania spinosa), has been shown to have antioxidant properties. To examine the effect of argan oil in second-degree burn wound healing, an in vivo experiment was conducted among 30 adult male Wistar rats divided into 5 equal groups: a sham group, a control group (burned but no topical agent), a group in which argan oil was applied once a day, a group in which argan oil was applied twice a day, and a group treated with 1% silver sulfadiazine once a day. Second-degree burns were created by scalding hot water (85˚ C for 15 seconds). Treatment began 24 hours after the burn injury; in the argan oil groups, 1 mL of argan oil was administered via syringe to the wound. The rate of wound healing was quantified by wound measurements on days 1, 7, and 14 after burn injury. Tissues were analyzed for molecular and histologic changes in TGF-β expression and fibroblast activity. Percent contraction of burned skin tissue was determined using the stereo investigator program, which calculated the burn field to the millimeter. Means (SD) were calculated and compared using Duncan's multiple comparison test. The group receiving argan oil twice daily showed significantly increased mRNA levels of TGF-β1 from 39.66- to 58.70-fold compared to the burn control group on day 14 (P less than 0.05). Both argan oil-treated groups showed significantly increased contraction compared to the burn control group at all 3 timepoints; the group receiving argan oil twice daily had a greater contraction rate (31% on day 7, 76% on day 14) than the silver sulfadiazine group (22% on day 7, 69% on day 14), (P less than 0.05). Histopathological assessments on days 3, 7, and 14 showed greater healing/contraction in both argan oil and silver sulfadiazine groups compared to the control group. These results suggest argan oil is effective in healing experimentally created second-degree burns in rats. Prospective, randomized, controlled clinical studies are needed to evaluate the safety, efficacy, and effectiveness of this treatment modality for patients with second-degree burn wounds.
Future of Epilepsy Treatment: Integration of Devices

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The use of devices in the treatment of epilepsy is an emerging therapy for those patients whose seizures are not controlled by medications. This article will discuss current treatment options with devices for vagus nerve stimulation, deep brain stimulation and responsive neurostimulation. Emerging therapies in noninvasive neurostimulation such as with trigeminal nerve stimulation, transcranial magnetic stimulation and transcranial direct current stimulation may prove to be promising solutions. Finally, new and enhanced techniques of drug delivery are discussed as well as other devices with potential use in the study and treatment of epilepsy.
Domestic preferences and European banking supervision: Germany, Italy and the Single Supervisory Mechanism

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

What explains regulators' preferences concerning the Single Supervisory Mechanism (SSM)? The paper answers this question by providing an alternative account of the creation of the SSM using an institutionalist perspective. It is argued that the creation of the SSM does not simply reflect the material interests of governments and domestic financial firms, but that regulators' positions were also signifi cantly aff ected by the institutional environment in which they operated. Two characteristics of domestic supervisory governance are identified: the institutional responsibilities of banking regulators (microprudential and/or macroprudential) and the fragmentation of supervisory and monetary policies. The empirical analysis demonstrates the relevance of these factors for shaping regulators' preferences both within and across countries.
Anti-Cancer Effects of Emodin on HepG2 Cells as Revealed by 1H NMR Based Metabolic Profiling

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Hepatic carcinoma is one of the most common cancers in the world, with a high incidence. Emodin is an anthraquinone derived from Polygonum multiflorum Thunb, possessing anti-cancer activity. The purpose of this study is to investigate the anti-cancer effect of different dosages of emodin on HepG2 cells using a 1H NMR based metabolic approach complemented with qRT-PCR and flow cytometry to identify potential markers and discover the targets to explore the underlying mechanism. Emodin can dose-dependently inhibit the growth of HepG2 cells, perturb cell cycle progression, down-regulate the expression of genes and proteins related to glycolysis, and trigger intracellular ROS generation. Orthogonal signal correction partial least-squares discriminant analysis (OSC-PLS-DA) and correlation network analysis of the 1H NMR data showed significant changes in many endogenous metabolites after emodin exposure concerning oxidative stress and disturbances in amino acid and energy metabolism. These findings are helpful to understand the anti-cancer mechanism of emodin and provide a theoretical basis for its future application and development.
[Bulimic behaviors. Clinical, biochemical, pharmacologic data].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Bulimia nervosa has been recently identified. DSM III-R gives more restrictive criteria for the trouble than DSM III. One may doubt it allows to better understand the probable psychopathological heterogeneity of this eating disorder. Biological indexes up to now only led to partial results. Their interpretation is made more difficult because of the small size of the samples of patients, studied in conditions which are often ill-defined. The biological parameters which are investigated are similar to those studied in depression: monoamines, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis, hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, Growth Hormone, prolactin , melatonin, beta-endorphin, EEG mapping. Antidepressants and anticonvulsants remain the most often mentioned drugs. Tryptophane, lithium, opiate antagonists, amphetamines, serotoninergic drugs are currently being studied.
SH1163730.08FU

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.
Magnetic resonance imaging as an effective tool for successful localization of superior mediastinal parathyroid adenoma.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Noninvasive diagnostic procedures for the preoperative localization of parathyroid tumors were performed on a 59-year-old woman with hypercalcemia. In this case, sonography and computed tomographic scanning could not pinpoint the location of the tumor. Thallium-201 and technetium-99m subtraction scintigraphy was also inconclusive in the precise localization of the tumor, but it did define the location retrospectively. However, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) clearly demonstrated the parathyroid tumor as a high signal on T2-weighted image in the left upper part of the superior mediastinum. The intrathymic parathyroid oxyphil adenoma was resected. Therefore, MRI was considered an effective tool for the localization of parathyroid adenoma, particularly mediastinal parathyroid adenoma.
The Relationships Between Self-Control and Distress Among Emerging Adults: A Serial Mediating Roles of Fear of Missing Out and Social Media Addiction

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Previous studies have confirmed that poor self-control, fear of missing out (FoMO), and social media addiction are potential risk factors for young mental health. However, the relationships between self-control, FoMO, social media addiction, and emerging adult distress have received relatively little attention in empirical studies. In this regard, drawing on the self-determination theory (SDT), the current study investigates the serial mediating roles of FoMO and social media addictions between self-control and distress (depression, anxiety, stress). 866 students studying at seven different state universities in Turkey participated in this study (M age = 20.8, SD = 1.42). The findings revealed significant relationships between self-control, FoMO, social media addiction, and distress. The findings also support the proposed serial mediating model. In other words, the lack of self-control predicted greater FoMO, which in turn predicted increased social media addiction, which in turn ultimately predicted higher distress. Overall, these results suggested that the lack of self-control is a risk factor for mental health and that social media addiction and FoMO also increase this risk.
Knowledge, attitude, and healthcare-seeking behavior towards dysmenorrhea among female students of a private university in Ogun State, Nigeria

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: Dysmenorrhea, especially when it is severe, has been associated with a restriction of activity and absence from school or work. Despite this substantial effect on their quality of life and general wellbeing, few women and adolescents with dysmenorrhea seek treatment as they believe it would not help. Aim: The objective of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitude, and healthcare-seeking behavior towards dysmenorrhea among female students of a Private University in Ogun State, Nigeria. Subjects and Methods : Using a descriptive study design, 315 female students were randomly selected to participate in the study. Participants were given structured questionnaire to complete. Data collected were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) 16.0 and were presented in tables reporting frequency counts and percentages. Statistical significant tests were conducted using chi-square. Result : Dysmenorrhea was reported in 78.1% (242/310) with majority ignoring the pain. Less than average 40.6% (126/310) of the participants had high knowledge about dysmenorrhea and 63.5% (197/310) had negative attitude towards dysmenorrhea. Major effects of dysmenorrhea included restriction from physical activities in 77.2% (187/242) and social withdrawal in 59.1% (143/242). Findings revealed a statistically significant relationship between the age of respondents and their healthcare-seeking behavior towards dysmenorrhea (P < 0.01). Conclusion: Findings from this study indicate the need to design regular reproductive health programs for female undergraduates including information on how to monitor and manage menstrual problems. Keywords : Adolescents, attitude, dysmenorrhea, healthcare-seeking behavior, knowle
Luminescence properties of MgCaAl10O17:RE3+ (RE3+ = Sm3+,Dy3+) phosphor for eco‐friendly solid‐state lighting applications

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Different concentrations of rare earth Sm 3+ ‐ and Dy 3+ ‐activated MgCaAl 10 O 17 phosphors were synthesized using the combustion route and their detailed luminescence investigations are reported in this paper. The photoluminescence excitation spectra of Sm 3+ ‐ and Dy 3+ ‐activated MgCaAl 10 O 17 phosphor show multiple peaks in the ultraviolet light region of the electromagnetic spectrum. The characteristic emission spectra of the MgCaAl 10 O 17 :Sm 3+ phosphor are located at 563 nm, 594 nm, and 644 nm, with the maximum emission intensity occurring at 594 nm. The emission spectra of the MgCaAl 10 O 17 :Dy 3+ phosphor show two emission peaks, one at 476 nm wavelength in the blue light region and the other at 573 nm wavelength in the yellow region. The above results suggest that the prepared phosphor can be suitable for applications in eco‐friendly solid‐state lighting.
Kemampuan Menulis Paragraf Aksara Jawa Menggunakan Metode Cycle Learning Kelas XI SMKN 1 Sayung Demak Tahun Ajaran 2022

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This study was motivated by the lack of ability of students of class XI RPL SMKN 1 Sayung in writing Javanese characters in Javanese subjects. Related to the formulation of the problem, the research examines a problem, namely how is the ability of students to write a paragraph using Javanese characters in class XI RPL SMKN 1 Sayung? This study aims to describe the results of the ability to write a paragraph using Javanese characters in class XI RPL SMK Negeri 1 Sayung 2022. This research is included in descriptive quantitative research by making One Shot Case Study as a design. This study uses a population of students in class XI RPL SMK Negeri 1 Sayung. Taking the sample by doing purposive sampling technique, in the study the sample was all students in class XI RPL SMK Negeri 1 Sayung which totaled 24 students. This data collection uses experimental techniques. It has become the basis of the analysis that has been studied, it is known that there are 24 students with the results of 20 students who have completed, namely 83% and there are 4 students who are not complete, namely as much as 17%. The resulting value of the class average on the test is 74 and already includes a value higher than the KKM determined by the school which is 65. The results obtained may indicate that writing paragraphs in Javanese language lessons is a difficult task for students of class XI RPL SMK Negeri 1 Sayung Demak. The data is obtained from the test of writing a Javanese paragraph using aspects of knowledge and skills. Students can know and understand how to write paragraphs in Javanese appropriately.
Self-cleaving catalytic RNA.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

We describe the structures and catalytic properties of several naturally occurring self-cleaving RNA motifs that give 2', 3' cyclic phosphate products. The hammerhead and hairpin motifs are derived from plant pathogenic RNAs and the delta motif is part of the human hepatitis delta element. A fourth motif from Neurospora is less well characterized. By assembling the self-cleaving RNAs from more than one oligoribonucleotide, the cleavage reaction can be examined under a variety of conditions and catalytic turnover can be demonstrated. Mutagenesis and chemical methods to introduce modified nucleotides allowed the structural requirements to be deduced. The role of divalent cations in the catalytic mechanism is discussed.