jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Effects of the Implementation of an Interactive Students' Notebook (ISN) on Students' Conceptual Understanding of Atomic Structure and Motivation Towards Science

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This study investigated the impact of an interactive student's notebook on Grade 8 Junior high school chemistry students' conceptual understanding of atomic structure and motivation toward science. Using a mixed-method sequential explanatory approach, a quasi-experimental non-equivalent groups design was employed, with pretest and posttest assessments, interviews, and questionnaires. The experimental group (using interactive notebooks) showed significantly higher conceptual understanding gains compared to the control group. The interactive notebook intervention also positively affected students' motivation, particularly intrinsic and career motivation. The study provides compelling evidence that incorporating Interactive Student Notebooks positively influences students' conceptual understanding of atomic structure and their motivation toward science. The use of ISNs facilitates higher levels of conceptual understanding, as reflected in the increased percentage of students achieving Level 4 proficiency in interpreting atomic theory and accurately representing atomic models. Moreover, ISNs contribute to higher levels of motivation, particularly in terms of career motivation and intrinsic motivation.
The Egyptian Intelligence Service: A History of the Mukhabarat, 1910-2009

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Introduction Part 1: Intelligence and the Monarchy 1. Mamur Zapt 2. Decline & Fall of the Old Regime Part 2: Intelligence under Nasser 3. Creating a New Intelligence Community 4. General Intelligence 5. Egyptian Intelligence & the Suez Crisis 6. Unity, Subversion & Secession 7. Intelligence & the Yemen Wars 8. The Intelligence State 9. The 1967 War 10. Nasser's Twilight Part 3: Intelligence under Sadat 11. Power Struggles 12. Grand Deception in the 1973 War 13. Rejectionists Part 4: Intelligence under Mubarak 14. Troubles at Home & Abroad 15. State Security 16. General Intelligence Wars 17. September 2001 & Beyond. Conclusion
Morphology and stomatogenesis of Pseudocohnilembus hargisi (Ciliophora: Scuticociliatida)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The morphology and stomatogenesis of the marine scuticociliate Pseudocohnilembus hargisi collected from a shrimp culturing pond in Qingdao, China, were studied using pyridinated silver carbonate and Chatton–Lwoff silver impregnation techniques. The result shows that the Qingdao population of this species possesses typical characteristics of the genus Pseudocohnilembus : the buccal apparatus consists of three highly specialized membranelles; membranelle 1 comprises a single row of kinetosomes, is parallel to membranelle 2, and lies anterior to the paroral membrane; membranelle 2 is longer than membranelle 1 and also comprises one row of kinetosomes; membranelle 3 is located near the middle of the paroral membrane and comprises three rows of kinetosomes. The silverline system is similar to that of P. persalinus . During stomatogenesis, the parental scutica proliferates and becomes the primordial field. This subsequently develops in two separate parts, the anterior part eventually disappears while the posterior part forms membranelle 3 of the opisthe. The secondary proliferated field, which derives from the zigzag configuration of parental paroral membrane, also develops in two parts, with the anterior becoming the paroral membrane and scutica of the opisthe and the posterior part developing into membranelles 1 and 2 of the opisthe. The remnants of the parental paroral membrane give rise to the paroral membrane and scutica of the proter.
A Classification Algorithm for Hyperspectral Images Based on Fuzzy Mixed Pixel Decomposition

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Low spatial resolution of the hyperspectral images leads to the existing of mixed-pixels in hyperspectral images,which not only affects the recognition capability of the objects based on hyperspectral images,but also reduces the classification accuracy.A classification method of hyperspectral images based on the fuzzy mixed-pixel unmixing was proposed in this paper.The method has been implemented mainly based on the constrained energy minimization(CEM),which is a Finite Impulse Response(FIR) line filter.When the images and endmember spectrums are input in to the filter,the output is the abundance image that are related to each class,and its dimension is equal to the numbers of classes.Finally,the classification for hyperspectral images is taken by using the class-center matching strategy.The results of the experiments on two groups of real hyperspectral images showed that the classification accuracy has been improved fairly by the proposed method comparing with the directly class-center matching classification.
ENERGY CONSUMPTION SOLUTION IN MOBILE AD-HOC NETWORK

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The current study was motivated because of higher energy consumption in the current mobile-ad hoc network especially the dynamic system routing. A solution was proposed consisted of nodes energy and traffic load and distance during the route discovery phase. Later, a simulation was performed to make comparison between DSR and MP-DSR. The results states that the proposed MP-DSR outperformed the DSR in all three tests including packet delivery fraction, end-to-end delay, and average energy consumption.
Undescended Testicle

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Hospital Infectious Diseases Unit.There were 191 cases in the 0-5 age group, 796 in the 6-15 age group, and 469 over 15 years of age.During the years 1960, 1961, and 1962 only, all cases notified were questioned for further epidemiological information, including occupation, history of known contact with other cases, and any prophylactic inoculations, other injections, and blood-transfusions dur- ing the six months prior to onset of symptoms.Unfortunately, as a result of an exten- sive outbreak of paratyphoid in the Edin- burgh area in the early months of 1963 and a shortage of sanitary inspector staff, this epidemiological inquiry had to be suspended and has not yet been restarted, although the notifications have continued to be recorded.During these three years, out of a total of 850 cases, there were 83 (mainly school- children) who had had prophylactic inocula- tions within six months of falling ill, seven who had other injections-for example, penicillin-and six only (all but one over 15 years) who gave a history of recent blood- transfusion.While it is intended to make further use of the wealth of epidemiological material already available in this department, we whole- heartedly endorse Dr. Zuckerman's plea for acute hepatitis to be made notifiable on a national scale so that further knowledge and understanding of the epidemiology can be achieved.-Weare, etc.,
Generation of hepato-biliary-pancreatic organoid from human pluripotent stem cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract

Organogenesis is a complex and inter-connected process, orchestrated by multiple boundary tissue interactions. Here, we established the protocol of the continuous patterning of hepatic, biliary and pancreatic structures from a three-dimensional culture of human pluripotent stem cell (PSC). The boundary interactions between anterior and posterior gut spheroids differentiated from human PSCs enables autonomous emergence of hepato-biliary-pancreatic (HBP) organ domains in the absence of extrinsic factor supply. This anterior-poterior gut interaction protocol can be used to model the early human HBP organogenesis process in vitro.
Future directions in Philippine hybrid rice

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Like the Roma god, Janua, hybrid rice technology symbolizes change and transition, the shift from the traditional inbred rice to "high-tech", high-yielding varieties. To its proponents, hybrid rice production is one of the best options to increase farm productivity and income among the existing rice technologies today. To its detractors, on the other hand, the available technology, while promising, is still not commercially viable. Rice, by naturem is a self-pollinated crop. Hybridization stated when Chines scientist were able to manipulate rice plants to cross-pollinate and result in hybrid combinations. Since then, hybrid rice technology has spread to other countries like India, Vietnam, bangladesh, and the Philippines. The increasinf demand of a fast-growing population and the decline in resource base are the reasons why many suppoert this technology.
Mineralogy of the Lunar Crust in Spatial Context: First Results from the Moon Mineralogy Mapper (M3)

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

India's Chandrayaan-1 successfully launched October 22, 2008 and went into lunar orbit a few weeks later. Commissioning of instruments began in late November and was near complete by the end of the year. Initial data for NASA's Moon Mineralogy Mapper (M3) were acquired across the Orientale Basin and the science results are discussed here. M 3 image-cube data provide mineralogy of the surface in geologic context. A major new result is that the existence and distribution of massive amounts of anorthosite as a continuous stratigraphic crustal layer is now irrefutable.
Non-Scaling Topological Defects and Gravitational Waves in Higgs Portal

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

One of the simplest extensions of the Standard Model is the Higgs portal extension involving a dark Higgs. Dark sectors that include dark matter candidates, WIMPs, axions, and dark photons, can naturally have this type of interaction, where the dark Higgs is charged under some symmetry, which may or may not be spontaneous broken by the vacuum expectation value. In this paper, using lattice simulations, I show that if the reheating temperature of the Universe is sufficiently high, topological defects such as domain walls and cosmic strings associated with these symmetries are naturally formed even if the symmetries are never restored due to negative thermal mass squareds. This occurs due to the early Universe's non-adiabatic oscillation of the Higgs around the onset of oscillation, which overshoots the origin, and tachyonic instability that enhances fluctuations. The gravitational waves generated by these topological defects may be very significant due to the energetic processes induced by matter effects in the hot and dense Universe irrelevant to the typical energy scale of the dark sector in the vacuum or whether the symmetry is broken in the vacuum. Alongside earlier studies such as usual phase transition, melting domain walls and melting cosmic strings scenarios that assume a symmetric phase in the early Universe, the Higgs portal models naturally predict local overdensities from topological defects, which may induce miniclusters and primordial black holes, as well as the gravitational waves.These phenomena provide novel opportunities to search for such scenarios. I also perform various numerical simulations for the relevant topic including melting domain walls and cosmic strings with inflationary and Gaussian fluctuations, for comparison--which have not been performed previously.
Evolution of long water waves in variable channels

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

This paper applies two theoretical wave models, namely the generalized channel Boussinesq (gcB) and the channel Korteweg–de Vries (cKdV) models (Teng & Wu 1992) to investigate the evolution, transmission and reflection of long water waves propagating in a convergent–divergent channel of arbitrary cross-section. A new simplified version of the gcB model is introduced based on neglecting the higher-order derivatives of channel variations. This simplification preserves the mass conservation property of the original gcB model, yet greatly facilitates applications and clarifies the effect of channel cross-section. A critical comparative study between the gcB and cKdV models is then pursued for predicting the evolution of long waves in variable channels. Regarding the integral properties, the gcB model is shown to conserve mass exactly whereas the cKdV model, being limited to unidirectional waves only, violates the mass conservation law by a significant margin and bears no waves which are reflected due to changes in channel cross-sectional area. Although theoretically both models imply adiabatic invariance for the wave energy, the gcB model exhibits numerically a greater accuracy than the cKdV model in conserving wave energy. In general, the gcB model is found to have excellent conservation properties and can be applied to predict both transmitted and reflected waves simultaneously. It also broadly agrees well with the experiments. A result of basic interest is that in spite of the weakness in conserving total mass and energy, the cKdV model is found to predict the transmitted waves in good agreement with the gcB model and with the experimental data available.
Alyssum doerfleri Degen

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Alyssum doerfleri Degen in Degen & Dörfler (1897: 708) Type (lectotype, designated by Strid 1986: 294):— GREECE. Macedon. Centr. In fissuris rupium reg. alp. mtis Kossov pr. Zborsko. 25 June, I. Dörfler, Iter Turcicum secundum, 1893, num. 48 (W; isotypes G, B (barcode B109009206! image available at http://herbarium. bgbm.org/object/ B109009206, A (barcode 00018496! image available at http://kiki.huh.harvard.edu/databases/specimen_search. php?mode=details&id=46329). Description of the Italian population:—Ash-grey, densely caespitose perennial; stem ascending (4–) 5.5–12 cm (up to 20 cm in fruit). Flowering stems densely foliose with leaves (13–)15–22(–30) × (1–)2–2.6(–3) mm, linear, acute to slightly apiculate, with lepidote-stellate hairs and numerous asymmetrical stellate hairs above and on the margins. Non-flowering shoots whit leaves (10–)13–16(–30) × (1–)1.4–2.0(–2.2) mm, densely covered only with lepidote-stellate hairs with numerous repeatedly furcate and apparently anastomosing rays. Sepals (4.3–) 4.6–6 mm, with a tuft of long, divergent-rayed hairs at the apex, the outer ones saccate at the base. Petals 7–9.5 mm long, obovate-cuneate, pure yellow. Short stamens with free appendage, long stamens with a narrow bilateral wing. Racemes elongated in fruit, (2.5–)3–4.5(–6.5) cm. Silicules 4.5–5.3(–6) × 4.5–5.3(–6) mm, elliptical, emarginated to slightly retuse, valves inflated, with flat margin, style 3.2–4 mm. Ovules 2 in each locule. Seeds 1.8–2.1 mm, unwinged. Habitat:—Rocks, gravels and stony cliff pastures on limestone. Phenology:—Flowering in May–June, fruiting in June–July. Conservation status:—Not Evaluated (NE) at global level, but previously included in the 1997 IUCN Red List (Walter & Gillett 1998) as a ‘Rare’ species. Regional assessment for Italy: this species is assessed here as Critically Endangered CR [B1ab(iii) + B2ab(iii)], according to IUCN protocol (IUCN 2017), because of a restricted range (<100 km 2), a small occupied surface (<10 km 2), occurrence in a single location, which is subjected to habitat degradation due to intense horse grazing causing obvious nitrification of stony cliff pastures. As a result, many individuals, during the summer season, are evidently affected by chlorosis phenomena. Specimens documenting the new record for Italy:— ITALY. Calabria: Cerchiara di Calabria, Monte Sellaro vetta, pascoli aridi montani, 1439 m, 6 June 2003, G. Maiorca, V. Liguori s.n. (Herb. Maiorca-Caprio n. 2855!); Settore orientale del Massiccio del Pollino, M. te Sellaro, sopra il Santuario Madonna delle Armi, Cerchiara di Calabria (Cosenza), prato roccioso su calcare, 1337 m, 15 July 2004, L. Bernardo, D. Gargano, A Ruffo s.n. (CLU n. 24472!); Cima del Monte Sellaro, Cerchiara di Calabria (prov. Cosenza), 1439 m, rocce e sfatticcio di cresta, calcare, 17 June 2017, L. Bernardo, G. Maiorca s.n. (CLU n. 25899!); ibidem, 30 August 2017, L. Peruzzi s.n. (PI n. 007095!).
Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) inhalation-induced alterations in the plasma lipidome as promoters of vascular inflammation and insulin resistance

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We found that circulating plasma constituents are responsible for air pollution-induced vascular pathologies. Inhalation of fine particulate matter (≤PM 2.5 ) promotes a unique form of dyslipidemia that manifests in a manner dependent upon pulmonary oxidative stress. The air pollution-engendered dyslipidemic phenotype is characterized by elevated free fatty acid species and diminished phospholipid species, which could contribute to vascular inflammation and loss of insulin sensitivity.
The Role of Patiral Hormones in Metabolism

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

After the removal of the pancreas and during its hypofunction, a severe and difficult-to-treat disease called diabetes and sugary urine is observed in humans and animals. Under the influence of glucagon, the process of converting glycogen into glucose begins to take an active form in the liver and some other organs. Glucagon helps to increase the amount of glucose in the blood due to the activation of phosphorylase, which is involved in the breakdown of glycogen in the presence of glucose. Different animals have different sensitivity to glucagon. Glucagon affects fat metabolism and stimulates the breakdown of fat in adipose tissue.
An exploration of the emotional impact of working in an adult hospice service for Irish healthcare professionals

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Purpose: An ageing population and a global pandemic has placed greater demands on palliative care services. Numerous studies describe the patient experience in palliative care, however, few explore the healthcare professional’s experience of caring in this setting. This study explored the emotional challenges faced by palliative care professionals working in adult hospice services in Ireland. Design/methodology/approach: A narrative phenomenological approach was adopted, using interpretative phenomenological analysis to analyse results from five participants’ semi-structured interviews. Findings: The type of challenge experienced reflected the impact it had on the participant’s emotional wellbeing. Challenges perceived as achievable contributed to high levels of emotional wellbeing. These challenges often offered the opportunity for skill development and elicited positive feelings. Challenges perceived as uncontrollable negatively impacted the professional’s emotional wellbeing and increased their risk of burnout. Examples of this included the shift in service provision and professional expectations. The challenges palliative care professionals experience on a daily basis can negatively or positively impact their emotional wellbeing. Conclusion: Overall, this study highlighted challenges and their impacts experienced by palliative care professionals, illustrating key areas for improvement to prioritise staff wellbeing.
Measurement of high conversion efficiency to 123.6-nm radiation in a four-wave-mixing scheme enhanced by electromagnetically induced transparency

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We report measurements of the absolute yield of 123.6-nm vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) radiation produced in a resonant four-wave-mixing scheme in krypton enhanced by electromagnetically induced transparency. One of the mixing fields, in the ultraviolet (UV) at 212.55 nm, was in two-photon resonance with the ${4p}^{6}{}^{1}{S}_{0}--{4p}^{5}5p[0,\frac{1}{2}]$ transition of krypton, while a second field (the coupling field) at 759 nm was resonant with the ${4p}^{5}5p[0,\frac{1}{2}]{\ensuremath{-}4p}^{5}5s[1,\frac{1}{2}]$ transition. Electromagnetically induced transparency has been predicted to be induced by this coupling field and to enhance the efficiency of the generation of the field at 123.6 nm, on the ${4p}^{5}5s[1,\frac{1}{2}]$ to ${4p}^{6}{}^{1}{S}_{0}$ transition. This was confirmed by measurements of the absolute VUV radiation yield using a calibrated photodiode in the limit of a large density-length product. Energies of \ensuremath{\sim}30 nJ were produced, which gave a conversion efficiency, from the coupling field energy of \ensuremath{\sim}1%. Higher yields are thought to be achievable by increasing the coupling laser intensity, the path length of the medium, and by the use of a transform-limited UV pulse of the same duration as the coupling field.
Brain dynamic functional composition in picture naming task in patients with acute cerebral infarction by magnetoencephalography

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Objective:To investigate the dynamic functional composition in brain cognitive process of picture naming in patients with acute cerebral infarction by magnetoencephalgraphy(MEG).Methods:13 patients with acute cerebral infarction showing motor aphasia and 10 healthy volunteers were ordered to carry out the cognitive task of picture naming,at the same time,they were measured by 306-channel whole-head MEG.The stimuli were 100 pictures of common items.Results:During the task of picture naming,following focal brain activities were the most elemental components:(1) bilateral occipital lobes visual cortex;(2) bilateral occipito-temporal areas;(3) dominant hemisphere Wernicke's area;and(4) dominant hemisphere Broca's area.There were several abnormal parameters in patient group:(1) the strength of ECD in dominant hemisphere Wernicke's area in the patient group nAm was significantly smaller than that in healthy group nAm ;(2) the strength of ECD in dominant hemisphere Broca's area in patient group nAm was significantly smaller than that in healthy group ;and the peak latency in these areas in patient group ms was significantly longer than that in healthy group.Conclusion:MEG provides objective and sensitive indexes to evaluate the function of word production related cortex in patients with acute cerebral infarction.It is indicated that the remarkable variances of peak latency and strength of ECD in dominant Wernicke's and Broca's areas in patients with acute cerebral infarction were mainly due to the impairment of the cortex neuron and the subcortical fibers projecting to related cortex areas.
Evolutionary Methods in Clinical Diagnostics

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents two methods for the segmentation of medical images based on evolutionary algorithms. Such image segmentation is a useful first step in the efficient and speedy analysis of medical images and provides a basis for the next stages of the image analysis process. In particular, the processing of images obtained from the inside of the human body allows for more effective diagnostics of lesions of human tissues. The first approach developed is based on evolutionary algorithms which divide the image into a given number of areas based on the intensity of RGB colours. The second segmentation method is based on the detection of edges in an image. An evolutionary algorithm was also used for this segmentation, based on the search for threshold values in the grey level in the image. We also compare the above segmentation methods with the numerical k-means segmentation method.