jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Will the evolution of overactive bladder delivery systems increase patient compliance?

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The negative impact of overactive bladder (OAB) on daily quality of life drives the large market of pharmacotherapy targeted at symptoms of urinary frequency and urgency, with or without urinary urge incontinence. Currently, the primary pharmacologic treatment modality is aimed at modulation of the efferent muscarinic receptors (M2 and M3) predominant in detrusor smooth muscle and responsible for involuntary or unwanted bladder contractions. However, due to drug effects in the muscarinic receptors of the salivary glands and intestinal smooth muscle, as well as extensive first-pass metabolism in the liver and intestinal tract yielding parent drug metabolites, adverse side effects are common and can be quite bothersome. These issues, encountered with many of the oral antimuscarinic formulations, limit their tolerability and affect long-term patient compliance and satisfaction. Thus, the benefit of pharmacotherapy for OAB must be a balance between efficacy and tolerability, also known as therapeutic index. This article reviews the current pharmacologic delivery systems available for the treatment of OAB, patient compliance, and reasons for discontinuation of medication.
Supplementary Figure 3 from Intron 1–Mediated Regulation of <i>EGFR</i> Expression in EGFR-Dependent Malignancies Is Mediated by AP-1 and BET Proteins

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

<p>Supplementary figure 3 shows the dCas9-KRAB targeting in SF767 cells</p>
Stereoscopic PIV aided wake simulation of a catamaran research vessel using a dummy-hull model in a medium size cavitation tunnel

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The rising marine environmental concern has recently targeted underwater radiated noise. Amongst various sources present on-board, propeller cavitation noise is known to be the dominant source that may be harmful to marine biodiversity. To be able to minimize anthropogenic noise footprint, full-scale and model-scale test campaigns are the most reliable tools to measure or predict the noise sound pressure level. Within this framework, hydro-acoustic cavitation tunnel experiments carry utmost importance for model-scale tests. Due to limited space of the cavitation tunnel, a shortened dummy-hull is often used, even though the flow passing through the propeller plane of the dummy model does not represent a fully developed wake. This paper presents a wake simulation methodology for a shortened dummy-hull model of Newcastle University research vessel "The Princess Royal" with the aid of stereoscopic particle image velocimetry in Emerson Cavitation Tunnel. With such method, after three iterations sufficient similarity between target wake and simulated wake has been achieved. Adopted approach has been found to be significantly effective in terms of reducing the time and the iterations during wake simulation process.
The Aesthetics of the Hanoman Character in the Performing Arts of the Indonesia-Thailand Ramayana Stories

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This article explains the aesthetics of the Hanoman character in the performing arts of the Indonesia-Thailand Ramayana stories. Ramayana stories are written by Valmiki from India, and Hanoman is described as a “white monkey” in these stories. Indonesia and Thailand are two states in Southeast Asia where the characters in the Ramayana stories undergo the so-called adaptation process. Hanoman is one of the characters. Therefore, the objective of this research was to describe the aesthetics of the Hanoman character in the context of performing arts. Qualitative descriptive methods were used. Data were collected through interviews with key informants and observations of Ramayana legacies in Indonesia and Thailand. The results show that the aesthetics of the Hanoman character are created from the image of local wisdom that is influenced by the spiritual mentality of Hinduism. Keywords: adaptation process, performing arts, spiritual mentality
ЕВАЛУАЦИЈА НИКОЛА ТЕСЛА ЦЕНТАР СИСТЕМА У I И V РАЗРЕДУ ОСНОВНЕ ШКОЛЕ

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The main aim of the conducted research was to evaluate the Nikola Tesla Center (hereandafter NTC) learning system in school settings and to assess its potential advantages over the traditional method of teaching. There were two samples in this research. The first sample consisted of 46 pupils from two classes of the fifth grade, from which one was using the NTC learning system, and the other one traditional forms of teaching. Pupils were tested with the Bond’s logical operation test and academic self-regulation questionnaire. Differences between the two classes were tested using the t-test for independent samples. The results showed that fifth graders who were using the NTC learning system achieved a significantly higher score in the level of formal thinking development. The second sample consisted of 31 pupils from two classes of the first grade - one class was using the NTC system and the other one traditional method of teaching. First graders were tested with the REVISK subscales (vocabulary, understanding and information), short version of academic self-regulation questionnaire, Bender-Gestalt test and divergent thinking test. In this case, using the Mann-Whitney U test (due to the small sample), no significant differences between these two groups were found on intelligence, motivation, visual-motor functioning and divergent thinking. Based on these results the effectiveness of the program in developing formal-operational thinking at age of 11/12 years can be assumed.
OsGPAT3 Plays a Critical Role in Anther Wall Programmed Cell Death and Pollen Development in Rice

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In flowering plants, ideal male reproductive development requires the systematic coordination of various processes, in which timely differentiation and degradation of the anther wall, especially the tapetum, is essential for both pollen formation and anther dehiscence. Here, we show that OsGPAT3, a conserved glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase gene, plays a critical role in regulating anther wall degradation and pollen exine formation. The gpat3-2 mutant had defective synthesis of Ubisch bodies, delayed programmed cell death (PCD) of the inner three anther layers, and abnormal degradation of micropores/pollen grains, resulting in failure of pollen maturation and complete male sterility. Complementation and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated 9 (Cas9) experiments demonstrated that OsGPAT3 is responsible for the male sterility phenotype. Furthermore, the expression level of tapetal PCD-related and nutrient metabolism-related genes changed significantly in the gpat3-2 anthers. Based on these genetic and cytological analyses, OsGPAT3 is proposed to coordinate the differentiation and degradation of the anther wall and pollen grains in addition to regulating lipid biosynthesis. This study provides insights for understanding the function of GPATs in regulating rice male reproductive development, and also lays a theoretical basis for hybrid rice breeding.
The Analysis of Kindergarten Architectural Ideas with a Focus on Play Element

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The early years of childhood are of great importance because children's growth rate is high physically and intellectually. An ambience should be provided that allows children to use the best of their childhood. Playing games has a key role in their growth and can actually be considered as their job. It has a dual function for a child: education and entertainment. Most of the places that are used as kindergartens in Iran were not actually meant to be a child care center and are originally residential places with switched usage. The architectural forms are designed according to psychological needs of children (playing games, interacting with others, language, and intellectual growt, etc.) and includes essential areas of a kindergarten. This fundamental research was performed using documentation and library methods. Since children are mainly interested in playing, the purpose of this research is to find some ideas to create indoor and outdoor spaces in a kindergarten, with a focus on play element to ensure the physical and mental health of children. The researcher first explains some concepts such as the importance of childhood, play, and outdoor open spaces and then concentrates on how children apply all their senses. In the end, she offers some architectural ideas and describes their effects on the child's body and mind, as well as his unconscious learning ability.
Revolutionary Worlds

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Revolutionary Worlds looks at the Indonesian revolution (1945-1949) from a local and regional perspective. With seventeen contributions, Indonesian and Dutch researchers bring to life the revolutionary world from widely differing perspectives. The authors explain how Indonesian, Chinese, Indian and Eurasian civilians, fighters, farmers and officials experienced and shaped the often volatile period between 1945 and 1950. The book focuses on different ideas of independence, survival strategies, mobilization, minorities, contestation of authority and the use of force against the backdrop of Indonesian and Dutch authorities’ efforts to gain or maintain control. Bringing together two national historiographical traditions which have long remained largely separate, Revolutionary Worlds is the result of a collaboration between the Indonesian research project Proklamasi Kemerdekaan, Revolusi dan Perang di Indonesia ('Proclamation of Independence, Revolution and War in Indonesia', Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta) and the Dutch research group of the Regional Studies project, under the umbrella of the research programme Independence, Decolonization, Violence and War in Indonesia, 1945-1950 . The authors of this book – Taufik Ahmad, Galuh Ambar Sasi, Maarten van der Bent, Martijn Eickhoff, Farabi Fakih, Roel Frakking, Apriani Harahap, Anne-Lot Hoek, Sarkawi B. Husain, Julianto Ibrahim, Gerry van Klinken, Erniwati, Mawardi Umar, Anne van der Veer, Abdul Wahid, Tri Wahyuning M. Irsyam, and Muhammad Yuanda Zara – work with various universities and research institutes in Indonesia and the Netherlands.
Effect of Peening as Mechanical Pre-Treatment on the Formation of S Phase in Plasma Nitrided 304 Austenitic Stainless Steel

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

S phase formed on the surface of austenitic stainless steels at low temperature plasma nitriding has excellent wear and corrosion resistance. The gas nitriding reaction of austenitic stainless steels is enhanced with mechanical pre-treatment such as shot peening and the same phenomenon seems to occur in plasma nitriding and hence the formation of S phase will be influenced by mechanical pre-treatment. In this paper, AISI 304 stainless steel was pre-treated by peening using several media (SiO2, SiC, 50Ni–50Cr and AISI M2) and plasma nitrided in 80%N2–20%H2 gas mixture at 673K for 28.8 ks under a pressure of 6.67 × 102 Pa. The structure of the plasma nitrided layers was investigated by means of optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and glow discharge spectrometry (GDS). Corrosion wear resistance was also examined. The thickness of the nitrided layer increases by peening before nitriding in the following order: grinding with emery papers only < (peening by) 50Ni-50Cr < SiO2 < SiC < AISI M2. Accordingly, the nitriding reaction is enhanced with peening as a mechanical pre-treatment and the degree of the enhancement depends on the material of the medium used for peening. Peening by SiO2, 50Ni–50Cr and M2 before nitriding did not provide any improvement in corrosion wear resistance. However, the nitrided layer after peening with SiC shows excellent corrosion wear resistance compared with the S phase layer only. It has been proven that peening as a mechanical pre-treatment influences the formation and characteristics of S phase.
REPORT OF DENTAL OFFICER FOR ANTARCTIC SUPPORT ACTIVITIES FOR OPERATION DEEP FREEZE '62

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Abstract : Contents: General description of Antarctica (Geography, Types of shelter, Quality of the food); Background of Deep Freeze; How the assignment works for the dental officer (Staging at Davisville, R.I., with periods of instruction at Bethesda, Md., Newport, R.I., and Groton, Conn; Deployment to McMurdo Station; Dental department facilities and equipment; Dental officer's duties and responsibilities; The dental officer's daily routine; Supply problems; Discussion of personnel problems; Redeployment.
Equivalent circuits & shaded pole motors

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

AS A RESULT of study and experimental work, a present-day shaded pole motor with good accelerating characteristics and 35- to 40-per cent efficiency is not uncommon. With improved efficiency, the horsepower ratings of these motors are also extended from the sub fractional to the fractional range. Experimental results reading to this improvement can be co-ordinated and integrated into infallible rules for designing shaded pole motors with the aid of the equivalent circuit.
The permissibility of cannibalism in contemporary society

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The practice of cannibalism is something so distant and foreign such that just the very thought of it generates feelings of disgust and aversion. While it is common to enter a restaurant and order a medium-well steak for dinner, it is deviant to see human flesh being offered as one of the options on the menu. The thought of consuming the flesh of another human being is simply vile and immoral. One of the underlying reason for such negativity against cannibalism is that majority of the people have the misconception that such practice is merely for the sake of seeking pleasure through the act of killing and consuming other human beings. However, not all instances of cannibalism are to be classified under such misconception and there are instances where the practice of cannibalism is justifiable. This paper will then be discussing the various instances in which such practice is justifiable. Cannibalism that occurs under such instances should be regarded as morally permissible and acceptable in contemporary society.
A Descriptive Study to Assess the Impact of Covid-19 and Lockdown on Mental Health of School Children in Selected Schools at Mysuru

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Background: Child development includes the biological, psychological and emotional changes that occur in human beings between birth and end of adolescence period. Childhood is classified into three stages of life which involves early childhood, middle childhood, and adolescence. Children might be in special need for support in handling anxiety caused by the disruptive situation. The conditions probably make the situation particularly challenging for young children, which is hypothesized to lead to increased emotional and behavioral problems. The COVID-19 pandemic has generated a lot of anxiety, stress, and grief. These stressors can cause mental health problems for anyone, and they can trigger acute symptoms in persons who already have mental health problems. Methods: The aim of the study is to assess the impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of school children in selected schools at Mysuru. Research design adopted for the study was descriptive survey design. Non probability convenience sampling technique was adopted to select 50 school children with in the age group of 12 to 15 years. Personal Variable Proforma was used to assess the selected personal variables and Structured Knowledge Questionnaire was used to assess the knowledge of school children regarding impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of school children in selected schools at Mysuru. Conclusion: The results of the present study revealed that majority of the school children had negative impact regarding COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health. Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of school children were not found to be significant with the personal variables. The COVID-19 related interruptions need to be focused some key challenges and measures to control and manage COVID-19 crisis. Health care professionals play a vital role in educating and providing basic health care services to the school children.
Molecules in Wikipedia: Analysis of their chemical diversity, functional roles, and popularity

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Wikipedia is one of the most widely accessed sources of information worldwide, containing nearly 25,000 molecular entries spanning drugs, natural products, specialty chemicals, and other compounds. Despite its prominence, the chemical content of Wikipedia has not been systematically studied. In this work, we analyzed molecular entries and classified them into use categories, providing a first overview of their roles and applications. Structural diversity was examined using scaffold analysis and UMAP visualization, which revealed well-defined clusters corresponding to major chemical classes. In addition, Wikipedia pageview statistics were analyzed to explore the popularity of molecular entries. These data revealed a strong public focus on CNS-active drugs, recreational substances, and molecules with current medical or cultural relevance, while industrial and specialty chemicals attracted comparatively little attention. Overall, our findings show that Wikipedia offers both a chemically diverse and socially informative perspective on molecules, making it a unique resource at the intersection of chemistry, open data, and public knowledge.
Unaltered Liver Regeneration in Post-Cholestatic Rats Treated with the FXR Agonist Obeticholic Acid

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In a previous study, obeticholic acid (OCA) increased liver growth before partial hepatectomy (PHx) in rats through the bile acid receptor farnesoid X-receptor (FXR). In that model, OCA was administered during obstructive cholestasis. However, patients normally undergo PHx several days after biliary drainage. The effects of OCA on liver regeneration were therefore studied in post-cholestatic Wistar rats. Rats underwent sham surgery or reversible bile duct ligation (rBDL), which was relieved after 7 days. PHx was performed one day after restoration of bile flow. Rats received 10 mg/kg OCA per day or were fed vehicle from restoration of bile flow until sacrifice 5 days after PHx. Liver regeneration was comparable between cholestatic and non-cholestatic livers in PHx-subjected rats, which paralleled liver regeneration a human validation cohort. OCA treatment induced ileal Fgf15 mRNA expression but did not enhance post-PHx hepatocyte proliferation through FXR/SHP signaling. OCA treatment neither increased mitosis rates nor recovery of liver weight after PHx but accelerated liver regrowth in rats that had not been subjected to rBDL. OCA did not increase biliary injury. Conclusively, OCA does not induce liver regeneration in post-cholestatic rats and does not exacerbate biliary damage that results from cholestasis. This study challenges the previously reported beneficial effects of OCA in liver regeneration in cholestatic rats.
Abstract 1 Distinctive and Differentiation-State Dependent DNA Damage Response of Hematopoietic Stem Cells to Genotoxic Noxae

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Introduction Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) sustain lifelong blood production and can be used in allogenic stem cell transplantation for treatment of hematological malignancies, yet the mechanisms of their DNA damage response (DDR) remain largely unexplored. Genotoxic damage can be induced by chemotherapeutical agents (eg, etoposide, a topoisomerase II inhibitor) or by methylating agents (eg, nitrosamines). Related double strand breaks (DSBs) at the level of immature cells are thus presumed to trigger leukemia. Objective Human quiescent and cycling HSCs were reported to exhibit distinct responses to genotoxic stress upon in vitro exposure to sublethal doses of etoposide or N-nitroso-N-methylurea (MNU). In this context, we aim to identify and compare the mechanisms involved in the determination of HSC stem and progenitor cell fate upon DNA damage to gain more insights into cytotoxic anticancer drug- and contaminant-related hematological toxicity. Methods Quiescent human HSCs (CD34+) were isolated from umbilical cord blood, sorted and directly exposed to etoposide or MNU. Besides, CD34+ were expanded in-vitro in medium containing broad acting cytokines for 5 days prior genotoxic exposure. Sublethal doses were assessed by Alamar Blue assay. Propidium iodide staining and colony-forming unit assay (CFU) were used for cell cycle analysis and tracking of cell functionality. Results In vitro inhibitory concentrations were identified for human HSCs treated with etoposide (IC50 = 5 µM) and MNU (IC50 = 1 mM). Treatment of quiescent HSCs with lower genotoxin concentrations induces a cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1-phase, whereas higher concentrations activate apoptosis-related genes and completely abrogate further differentiation into colony-forming progenitors. In contrast, cycling HSCs exhibit an impaired proliferation, upregulation of autophagy-related genes, reduced proportions of viable CD34+ cells, and similar effects regarding differentiation capacity into colony-forming progenitors. However, cells exposed to lower genotoxin doses exhibit a higher regeneration capacity 3 days upon treatment. Discussion These results confirm that the DDR following DSB-induction differs between quiescent and cycling HSCs. Quiescent HSCs exhibit a stronger DDR, probably related to their longer lifespan. To avoid malignant transformation, it is necessary to preclude damage accumulation through cell cycle withdrawal and apoptosis. In contrast, more committed cells rather inline toward damage repair and restoration through activation of, for example, non-homologous end joining or mismatch repair genes.
Evaluation of prescription pattern of anti - Hypertensive drugs in Urban population of Hyderabad

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Knowledge of existing prescription patterns in the treatment of hypertension can provide useful information for improving clinical practice in this field. The aim of this study is to determine the prescription pattern of Antihypertensive medication in Outpatient General Clinics of a locality in urban population of Hyderabad. A Retrospective study was carried out by evaluating 300 prescriptions of Antihypertensive drugs for a period of six months from five Outpatient clinics of Hyderabad city. The study assessed prescribing patterns for Antihypertensive drugs in five classes-Calcium channel Blockers, β blockers, ACE inhibitors, Angiotensin Receptor Blockers, Thiazide Diuretics. The contents of the prescriptions were evaluated on the basis of drugs used for Hypertension and brand names were decoded to generic names using standard CIMS India and the Internet. Out of the 300 prescriptions evaluated 195 were of male patients & 105 of them were of female patients. Frequency of use of Antihypertensives as monotherapy was β blockers-22%. Calcium Channel Blockers-13%, Angiotensin receptor Blockers-13%, ACE inhibitors-12%, Diuretics- 1%. The most commonly used combination of drugs were Calcium Channel blockers + β blockers-13%, Angiotensin receptor Blockers + β blockers-8.3%. Angiotensin receptor blockers + Calcium Channel Blockers- 5%, Angiotensin receptor blocker + Diuretic-4.6%, β blocker + Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors-3%, β blockers + Diuretic-1%, Calcium Channel blocker + Diuretic-1%. This study shows that the most commonly prescribed drug classes involved were β blockers followed by Calcium Channel blockers. Angiotensin receptor blockers and Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors. Major limitations of this work include its retrospective nature and the inability to determine the actual patient’s adherence to therapy.