jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
360 The Ability of an Enhanced Zeolite-Based Flow Agent to Mitigate the Effects of Ergot-Like Alkaloids Consumed by Beef Cattle

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Aluminosilicate-based flow agents, like zeolites, may impact digestion of ergot-like alkaloids in the ruminant gut. Twenty-four steers (226 ± 27.6 kg) were used in a 21-d experiment to test the effects of an enhanced zeolite-based flow agent (KALLSIL, Kemin Industries, Des Moines, IA) on site of ergot-like alkaloid excretion, serum prolactin, rectal temperature, respiration rate, and nutrient digestibility. Treatments were control (E+) or enhanced zeolite inclusion (E+Z; 2 g/kg, DM basis). Steers were fed a TMR at 1.85% of BW (DM-basis). Tall-fescue seed was included in the diet at 11.14%, providing 465 µg of ergovaline/kg DM. Steers had no ORTS during the experiment. Rectal temperature and respiration rate were recorded daily at 0700 and 1200 h from steers housed tie stalls in a room kept at (18.5°C ± 0.33°C, 32.6% ± 2.19%). Serum was harvested from blood collected on d-1, 7, 14, and 21 to measure prolactin. On d-21 jugular catheters were placed to measure prolactin following the infusion of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH; 1 µg/kg BW). Spot samples of feces and urine were collected every 8 h from d 17-20, with 2-hour advancement each day to determine digestibility, N balance, and recovery of ergot-like alkaloids. Digestion and N balance was not affected by treatment (P ≥ 0.16). Enhanced zeolite tended (P = 0.15) to increase recovery of ergovaline. Prolactin concentration decreased over time (P &lt; 0.01), but was greater (P = 0.01) at each time point for E+Z steers. Following the infusion of TRH, prolactin tended (P = 0.11) to be greater for E+Z. Rectal temperatures and respiration rates were not affected (P ≥ 0.89) by E+Z. Results from this study indicate that enhanced zeolite inclusion tended to increase recovery of ergot-like alkaloids in feces and increased serum prolactin when offered to beef steers in a diet containing ergot-like alkaloids.
Forefront of medical science and medical care. Methodology for meta-analysis and diseases in internal medicine. The case of treatment of a patient with hypertension combined with diabetes mellitus.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

質の高い臨床研究の急激な増加とともに,それら個々の研究結果をまとめる作業としてのメタ分析の必要性も高まっている.その1例として糖尿病合併の高血圧患者の降圧薬による心血管事故減少をoutcomとしたメタ分析を実施した.メタ分析, 1.仮説の設定, 2.情報收集, 3.批判的吟味, 4.データ收集, 5.データ解析, 6.臨床への指針,の6つのステップからなる.このスラップに基づき検討した結果,現在第一選択として最もよく使われているCa拮抗薬で他の降圧剤に比し心血管事故を増やす危険があるため,第一選択薬からはずすべきであるという結果となった.しかしこの結果を無差別に適用するわけにはいかない.実際の患者には個別の様々な事情があり,メタ分析にも多くのバイアス,偶然の可能性がある.それを考慮した上で実際の患者に適用していく必要がある.メタ分析は研究者のためのものでなく,貴重な研究が患者に生かされないことを防止し,より質の高い医療を提供するために必要な一つの作業と位置づけることが重要である.
Influence of medical-social and socio-economic factors on infant mortality rate in the Republic of Ingushetia

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND: The infant mortality rate, as one of the indicators of the health and quality of life of the population, is an important factor that determines the country’s healthcare priorities. Despite the steadily decreasing infant mortality rates in the Russian Federation, the value of this indicator varies by region; thus, studying the factors influencing its value is relevant. If the leading medical, social, and socioeconomic factors that influence the level of infant mortality could be determined using data from a representative region (Republic of Ingushetia), the main directions for organizing measures aimed at reducing mortality among children in the first year of life will be identified. AIM: To determine the main medical, social and socio-economic factors that influence the infant mortality rate in the Republic of Ingushetia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An observational single-center retrospective study was performed to examine the influence of medical, social, and socioeconomic factors on the mortality rate of children aged 1 year in the Republic of Ingushetia. The obtained data were compared with similar indicators for the Russian Federation as a whole and the North Caucasus Federal District. RESULTS: During the study period (2011–2019), significant changes were observed in infant mortality rates in the Republic of Ingushetia: infant mortality has decreased because of the age components, leading to the normal ratio of neonatal and post neonatal mortality. Rates of infant mortality from certain conditions arising in the perinatal period, congenital anomalies, and nervous system and circulatory system diseases have significantly decreased. The proportion of women admitted under the supervision of antenatal clinics in the early pregnancy (up to 12 weeks) has increased, the incidence of morbidity among pregnant women has decreased, and the proportion of normal births has been increasing. Although many medical organizations have employed a sufficient number of medical personnel, the coverage for biochemical screening has decreased, detection of malformations and biochemical abnormalities during prenatal diagnostics was low, medical personnel have low qualifications, and the shortage of obstetric and pediatric beds and pathology beds for newborns and premature infants was significant. A statistically significant dependence of the frequency of deaths of children aged 1 year on socioeconomic indicators−unemployment level, monetary income of the population, and housing conditions−was revealed. CONCLUSION: The main medical, social, and socioeconomic factors that influence infant mortality were analyzed using data from the Republic of Ingushetia. Positive and negative trends in the current state of the healthcare system of this republic have been identified.
Towards efficient light emitters via computational design of molecules with inverted singlet-triplet gaps

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

To move toward rational design of efficient organic light emitting diodes based on the radical idea of inverted singlet-triplet gap (INVEST) systems, we propose a set of novel quantum chemical approaches, predictive but low-cost, to unveil a set of structural-property relationships. We perform a computational study of a series of substituted molecules based on a small set of known INVEST molecules. Our study demonstrates a high degree of correlation between the intramolecular charge transfer and the singlet-triplet energy gap and hints towards the use of a quantitative estimate of charge transfer to predict and modulate these energy gaps. We aim to create a database of INVEST molecules that includes accurate benchmarks of singlet-triplet energy gaps. Furthermore, we aim to link structural features and molecular properties, enabling a control knob for rational design.
Pola Pemanfaatan Ruang sebagai Tempat Usaha pada Rumah Tinggal di Koridor Jalan Gunung Rinjani, Perumnas Monang Maning Denpasar

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Perumnas Monang Maning, Denpasar – Bali is an example of a state housing project in Indonesia that has gone through an unanticipated rapid development. Apart from retaining its initial function to shelter urban dwellers, this housing has been transformed into a potential commercial area. This phenomenon is clearly exhibited by its Gunung Rinjani Street Corridor, which is also taken as the locus of the study documented in this article. Discussion within the response to the following research questions: 1) what is the pattern of spatial utilization of houses which have dual function as a home and a place to conduct commercial activities; and 2) What are prominent spatial elements that have been adapted in order to accommodate this added function. This research applies qualitative-naturalistic approaches. Its findings demonstrate that the added function has brought changes to the overall layout of homes, both vertically and horizontally. These changes are then followed by the alteration of spatial elements that construct an adapted home to best accommodate the added commercial function and its extended activities.Keywords: pattern of spatial; business space; residential home; housing; Denpasar AbstrakDalam wilayah Kota Denpasar, Provinsi Bali, terdapat banyak perumahan yang dibangun pengembang sebagai upaya pemenuhan kebutuhan perumahan masyarakat kota ini. Salah satu perumahan yang mengalami perkembangan yang sangat pesat adalah Perumnas Monang Maning Denpasar. Perumahan ini telah berubah menjadi suatu area usaha dan bisnis yang sangat prospektif. Salah satu fenomena keruangan yang menarik untuk dijadikan materi penelitian adalah berkenaan dengan terjadinya perubahan pola pemanfaatan ruang pada rumah tinggal menjadi tempat usaha dalam penelitian ini. Berdasarkan latar belakang masalah tersebut, masalah-masalah yang dibahas dapat dirumuskan sebagai berikut: 1) bagaimanakah pola pemanfaatan ruang yang cenderung terjadi pada tempat tinggal yang difungsikan sebagai tempat usaha; dan 2) bagaimana wujud elemen pembentuk ruang usaha di rumah tinggal yang difungsikan sebagai tempat usaha. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menemukan pola kecenderungan perubahan keruangan serta wujud elemen pembentuk. Penelitian dilaksanakan dengan menerapkan metode penelitian kualitatif naturalistik. Dipilihnya metode naturalistik pada penelitian ini karena informannya bersifat heterogen, mengingat bahwa subjek penelitian di Perumnas Monang Maning ini terdiri dari beragam latar belakang sosial. Pada penelitian kualitatif ini, pemilihan responden dilakukan secara purposive. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa adanya pola kecenderungan pemanfatan ruang secara horizontal dan vertikal pada rumah tinggal. Perubahan yang terjadi disertai dengan adanya perubahan elemen-elemen pembentuk ruang pada rumah tinggal yang dijadikan sebagai tempat usaha.Kata kunci: pola pemanfaatan; ruang usaha; rumah tinggal; perumahan; Denpasar
Natural compounds with xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity: A review

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Hyperuricemia ( HUA ), a disease due to an elevation of body uric acid level and responsible for various diseases such as gout, cardiovascular disorders, and renal failure, is a major ground debate for the medical science these days. Considering the risk factors linked with allopathic drugs for the treatment of this disease, the debate has now become a special issue. Previously, we critically discussed the role of dietary polyphenols in the treatment of HUA . Besides dietary food plants, many researchers figure out the tremendous effects of medicinal plants‐derived phytochemicals against HUA . Keeping in mind all these aspects, we reviewed all possible managerial studies related to HUA through medicinal plants (isolated compounds). In the current review article, we comprehensively discussed various bioactive compounds, chemical structures, and structure–activity relationship with responsible key enzyme xanthine oxidase.
Changes in Cortical Microvasculature during Misery Perfusion Measured by Two-Photon Laser Scanning Microscopy

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

This study aimed to examine the cortical microvessel diameter response to hypercapnia in misery perfusion using two-photon laser scanning microscopy (TPLSM). We evaluated whether the vascular response to hypercapnia could represent the cerebrovascular reserve. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) during normocapnia and hypercapnia was measured by laser-Doppler flowmetry through cranial windows in awake C57/BL6 mice before and at 1,7, 14, and 28 days after unilateral common carotid artery occlusion (UCCAO). Diameters of the cortical microvessels during normocapnia and hypercapnia were also measured by TPLSM. Cerebral blood flow and the vascular response to hypercapnia were decreased after UCCAO. Before UCCAO, vasodilation during hypercapnia was found primarily in arterioles (22.9% ± 3.5%). At 14 days after UCCAO, arterioles, capillaries, and venules were autoregulatorily dilated by 79.5% ± 19.7%, 57.2% ±32.3%, and 32.0% ± 10.8%, respectively. At the same time, the diameter response to hypercapnia in arterioles was significantly decreased to 1.9% ± 1.5%. A significant negative correlation was observed between autoregulatory vasodilation and the diameter response to hypercapnia in arterioles. Our findings indicate that arterioles play main roles in both autoregulatory vasodilation and hypercapnic vasodilation, and that the vascular response to hypercapnia can be used to estimate the cerebrovascular reserve.
Effects of Muscle-Specific Oxidative Stress on Cytochrome c Release and Oxidation–Reduction Potential Properties

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Mitochondria play a significant role in beef color. However, the role of oxidative stress in cytochrome c release and mitochondrial degradation is not clear. The objective was to determine the effects of display time on cytochrome c content and oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) of beef longissimus lumborum (LL) and psoas major (PM) muscles. PM discolored by day 3 compared with LL. On day 0, mitochondrial content and mitochondrial oxygen consumption were greater in PM than LL. However, mitochondrial content and oxygen consumption were lower (P < 0.05) in PM than LL by day 7. Conversely, cytochrome c content in sarcoplasm was greater on days 3 and 7 for PM than LL. There were no significant differences in ORP for LL during display, but ORP increased for PM on day 3 when compared with day 0. The results suggest that muscle-specific oxidative stress can affect cytochrome c release and ORP changes.
Young Children Have a Specific, Highly Robust Bias to Trust Testimony

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Why are young children so willing to believe what they are told? In two studies, we investigated whether it is because of a general, undifferentiated trust in other people or a more specific bias to trust testimony. In Study 1, 3-year-olds either heard an experimenter claim that a sticker was in one location when it was actually in another or saw her place an arrow on the empty location. All children searched in the wrong location initially, but those who heard the deceptive testimony continued to be misled, whereas those who saw her mark the incorrect location with an arrow quickly learned to search in the opposite location. In Study 2, children who could both see and hear a deceptive speaker were more likely to be misled than those who could only hear her. Three-year-olds have a specific, highly robust bias to trust what people—particularly visible speakers—say.
Puppets, Waxworks, and a Wooden Dramatis Personae: Eighteenth-Century Material Culture and Philosophical History in William Godwin’s Fleetwood

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

William Godwin’s novel Fleetwood, or The New Man of Feeling (1805) is a phil osophical history, crafted through distinctively eighteenth-century material objects. Two extraordinary episodes underpin this history of one individual’s mind and of the times that shaped it, and demonstrate how material objects con tribute to the personal and political nature of narratives of the self. First, a human-sized puppet is used in a fatal prank among Oxford undergradu ates; second, Fleetwood deliriously destroys a waxwork image of his wife. Where Godwin’s contemporaries found these scenes too outré for a novel that claimed veri similitude, I argue that their materi alism is crucial to Fleetwood’s examina tion of eighteenth-century insti tu tions. Because examin ing material culture was a typical eighteenth-century historiographical strategy, Godwin is able to write as though in the era that he describes and with the wisdom of hindsight from 1805. Fore ground ing the material objects of puppet and wax work illuminates the satirical, educational, medical, sexual, and theatrical dis courses that imbue Fleetwood’s material artifacts and that shape the novel’s setting.
PENGARUH MANAJEMEN HUBUNGAN PELANGGAN DAN KEWAJARAN HARGA TERHADAP LOYALITAS MEREK DIMEDIASI OLEH KEPUASAN KONSUMEN

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This study examines the variables that influence people to make a decision to shop at Centro Solo Paragon. It aims to determine the effect of customer relationship management, price fairness, on the decision to shop with customer satisfaction as a mediation variable.\n\nData collection is done by survey method through questionnaire with purposive sampling technique. The sample of research consisted of 200 respondents that is Centro Solo Paragon member who intend to be loyal to Centro Solo Paragon. Sampling is done dipublic area that is in Solo Paragon Mall.\n\nThe SEM test results indicate that (1) CRM has significant influence to brand loyalty, (2) fairness of price have significant effect to brand loyalty, (3) customer satisfaction significantly influence brand loyalty, (4) CRM has significant effect to customer satisfaction, (5) price fairnessÂ significant to customer satisfaction, (6) CRM, Price fairness to brand loyalty mediating by customer satisfaction\n\nThe results of this study can be used as a basis for Centro Solo Paragon in devising marketing strategies to increase sales.\n\nÂ
[Age-related peculiarities of glutathione content changes in the brain of rats during immobilization stress].

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The work is aimed at studying age-related peculiarities as regards glutathione content changes in the brain of rats under immobilization stress. It has been established that some changes in the content of reduced glutathione take place in the brain in the process of ontogenesis. During immobilization stress the content of this metabolite decreases in the brain of all age groups of rats under study. To a greater extent this shift manifests itself in 2- and 24-month-old rats which are characterized by more active stress-stimulated free-radical processes in the brain and by an initially higher level of reduced glutathione.
Identifying Bacterial and Host Factors Involved in the Interaction of Mycobacterium bovis with the Bovine Innate Immune Cells

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Bovine tuberculosis is an important animal and zoonotic disease caused by Mycobacterium bovis . The innate immune response is the first line of defense against pathogens and is also crucial for the development of an efficient adaptive immune response. In this study we used an in vitro co-culture model of antigen presenting cells (APC) and autologous lymphocytes derived from peripheral blood mononuclear cells to identify the cell populations and immune mediators that participate in the development of an efficient innate response capable of controlling the intracellular replication of M. bovis . After M. bovis infection, bovine immune cell cultures displayed upregulated levels of iNOS, IL-22 and IFN-γ and the induction of the innate immune response was dependent on the presence of differentiated APC. Among the analyzed M. bovis isolates, only a live virulent M. bovis isolate induced an efficient innate immune response, which was increased upon stimulation of cell co-cultures with the M. bovis culture supernatant. Moreover, we demonstrated that an allelic variation of the early secreted protein ESAT-6 (ESAT6 T63A) expressed in the virulent strain is involved in this increased innate immune response. These results highlight the relevance of the compounds secreted by live M. bovis as well as the variability among the assessed M. bovis strains to induce an efficient innate immune response.
An Extended Membrane System with Active Membranes to Solve Automatic Fuzzy Clustering Problems

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper focuses on automatic fuzzy clustering problem and proposes a novel automatic fuzzy clustering method that employs an extended membrane system with active membranes that has been designed as its computing framework. The extended membrane system has a dynamic membrane structure; since membranes can evolve, it is particularly suitable for processing the automatic fuzzy clustering problem. A modification of a differential evolution (DE) mechanism was developed as evolution rules for objects according to membrane structure and object communication mechanisms. Under the control of both the object’s evolution-communication mechanism and the membrane evolution mechanism, the extended membrane system can effectively determine the most appropriate number of clusters as well as the corresponding optimal cluster centers. The proposed method was evaluated over 13 benchmark problems and was compared with four state-of-the-art automatic clustering methods, two recently developed clustering methods and six classification techniques. The comparison results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method in terms of effectiveness and robustness.
Biomass estimates derived from sector subsampling of 360° spherical images

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Efficient subsampling designs reduce forest inventory costs by focusing sampling efforts on more variable forest attributes. Sector subsampling is an efficient and accurate alternative to big basal area factor (big BAF) sampling to estimate the mean basal area to biomass ratio. In this study, we apply sector subsampling of spherical images to estimate aboveground biomass and compare our image-based estimates with field data collected from three early spacing trials on western Newfoundland Island in eastern Canada. The results show that sector subsampling of spherical images produced increased sampling errors of 0.3–3.4 per cent with only about 60 trees measured across 30 spherical images compared with about 4000 trees measured in the field. Photo-derived basal area was underestimated because of occluded trees; however, we implemented an additional level of subsampling, collecting field-based basal area counts, to correct for bias due to occluded trees. We applied Bruce’s formula for standard error estimation to our three-level hierarchical subsampling scheme and showed that Bruce’s formula is generalizable to any dimension of hierarchical subsampling. Spherical images are easily and quickly captured in the field using a consumer-grade 360° camera and sector subsampling, including all individual tree measurements, were obtained using a custom-developed python software package. The system is an efficient and accurate photo-based alternative to field-based big BAF subsampling.
Otobothrium minutum Subhapradha 1955

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Otobothrium minutum Subhapradha, 1955 Types: none indicated in original description. Type host: Rhizoprionodon acutus (Rüppell, 1837). Type locality: Madras, India. Site in host: spiral valve. Remarks. The original description of this species is limited (Subhapradha 1955) with no illustrations of the mature segment. However, the description of the segment with no testes posterior to the ovary appears to be a key distinguishing feature of the species. A specimen in USNPC (9016) identified as O. crenacolle by Linton (1909) from Carcharhinus leucas (Valenciennes) (syn. C. platyodon Poey), collected in the Dry Tortugas, Florida, conforms with the description of O. minutum rather than that of O. crenacolle. However, the tentacles of this specimen are not everted and hence its identification remains uncertain. It does confirm Subhapradha’s description (1955) of a species with no testes posterior to the ovary, a distinctive feature within the genus. Consequently, O. minutum is considered to be a valid but poorly described species characterised by the lack of testes posterior to the ovary.