jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Origin And Order In A Micronesian Society

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Celio Ferreira. Palauan cosmology: dominance in a traditional Micronesian society (Gothenburg Studies in Social Anthropology 11). Göteborg: Acta Universitatis Gothoburgensis. 1987. vi, 300 pp., figures, plates, glossary, references. SEK 200 (paper) ISBN 91 7346 183 0 ISSN 0348 4076. Richard J. Parmentier. The sacred remains: myth, history and polity in Belau. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. 1987. xxiii, 309pp., figures, maps, photographs, tables, glossary, place names, references, index. ISBN 0 226 64695 5 (hardcover) ISBN 0 226 64696 3 (paper).
Exploring the Advances in Using Machine Learning to Identify Technical Debt and Self-Admitted Technical Debt

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In software engineering, technical debt, signifying the compromise between short-term expediency and long-term maintainability, is being addressed by researchers through various machine learning approaches. This study seeks to provide a reflection on the current research landscape employing machine learning methods for detecting technical debt and self-admitted technical debt in software projects and compare the machine learning research about technical debt and self-admitted technical debt. We performed a literature review of studies published up to 2024 that discuss technical debt and self-admitted technical debt identification using machine learning. Our findings reveal the utilization of a diverse range of machine learning techniques, with BERT models proving significantly more effective than others. This study demonstrates that although the performance of techniques has improved over the years, no universally adopted approach reigns supreme. The results suggest prioritizing BERT techniques over others in future works.
ANALISIS PENGARUH KEPEMIMPINAN, DISIPLIN KERJA, DAN LINGKUNGANN KERJA, TERHADAP KINERJA PADA FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET SURAKARTA

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The aim of thisSstudyStoSanalyze the influenceGoFleadership, WworkRdiscipline,Uand workEenvironment OonUemployeeGperformance Uat Sebelas Maret University Surakarta. This study uses quantitative methods and Kmultiple Mlinear Kregression analysis. KThe population Kin this Kstudy KwasK60 Hpeople. HThEEresultRs of Rthis studyR indicate Ythat KLeadership,[WorkODiscipline, andJWorkHEnvironment Ksimultaneously Lor LjointlyL haveaapositive,effect oniEmployeeiPerformance. jVariable work discipline has a dominant influence compared to leadership variablesgand gworkgyenvironmentuon uemployeepperformance. As evidenced by the magnitude of the coefficient price for work discipline variables of 5.173 greater than the coefficient of leadership variables H of 2.235 and the coefficient of the work environment of 3.835 Keywords : Leadership , Dicipline, Work environment
Establishing and prioritizing research questions for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of hair loss (excluding alopecia areata): the Hair Loss Priority Setting Partnership

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Hair and scalp problems are common. Various conditions can result in hair loss and may present as increased hair shedding, hair thinning or patchy to complete hair loss. In some conditions the hair may regrow, in others the alopecia (hair loss) is permanent. Frequently overlooked is the psychological impact of hair loss on an individual. The visible nature of hair loss and fear of progression may lead to low self‐esteem, anxiety and depression. Unfortunately, there is a lot of uncertainty around the most effective treatments for these disorders. This study, funded by the charity Alopecia UK, aimed to identify uncertainties in hair loss management, prevention, diagnosis and treatment that are important both to people with hair loss and to healthcare professionals. This was done by creating a hair loss ‘priority setting partnership’ (PSP) between patients, their carers and relatives, and healthcare professionals, to identify the most important uncertainties in hair loss. This study presents the top 10 research priorities for hair loss (excluding alopecia areata) to guide researchers and funding bodies to support studies important both to patients and clinicians.
Cystic cerebellar schwannoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We report a case of cerebellar schwannoma in a 64-year-old woman. The tumor was defined on computed tomographic and magnetic resonance imaging scans and confirmed on surgery. The solid part of the tumor appeared to be derived from the inferior vermis of the cerebellum, the cystic part extending toward the medulla oblongata and the foramen magnum. The problem of preoperative diagnosis based on magnetic resonance imaging findings is discussed.
SEX DIFFERENCES IN THE GENETIC RISK FOR HYPERTENSION

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Objective: The development of hypertension differs markedly between men and women. The genetic drivers of this difference have not been fully studied. Genome-wide polygenic risk scores (PRSs), consisting of data from up to 6 M single nucleotide polymorphisms have been shown to considerably improve hypertension risk prediction, particularly in early-onset disease. However, the sex differences in the ability of PRSs to predict hypertension has not been studied previously. Figure Survival curves from Cox proportional hazards models illustrate the cumulative risk of hypertension by systolic blood pressure PRS categories in FinnGen for women and men. We observed 123 579 women and 95 213 men with 27 804 and 28 113 cases of incident hypertension, respectively. Design and method: Our study sample comprised 218792 FinnGen Study participants with lifetime register-based follow-up for incident hypertension (56% women, mean age 58 years). We used publicly available genome-wide association results from UK Biobank to compute sex-specific PRSs for systolic blood pressure. We categorized SBP PRS into five bins according to percentiles (<2.5, 2.5–20, 20–80, 80–97.5, > 97.5) and used middle bin as the reference. We used multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards models to measure the association between the PRSs and incident hypertension. Results: The PRS was more strongly associated with incident hypertension in women than in men (Figure). The hazard ratios (HR) per 1 SD increase in PRSs were 1.42 (95% CI, 1.40–1.44) for women and 1.27 (95% CI, 1.26–1.29) with an interaction P-value of 4x10–29. The difference between women (HR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.53–1.58) and men (HR, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.32–1.37) was even greater for early-onset hypertension (onset at age < 55 years). Men and women in the top 2.5 PRS percentile had 2.1-fold (95% CI, 2.0–2.3) and 1.8-fold (95% CI, 1.7–1.9) greater risks of developing hypertension than the reference group. Conclusions: The genetic risk of hypertension appears to be more distinctive in women than in men, which may reflect physiological differences starting already at an early age. These results emphasize the use of sex-specific PRSs in clinical prediction of hypertension.
Fatty Acids Augment Endothelium-Dependent Dilation in Hand Veins by a Cyclooxygenase-Dependent Mechanism

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Evidence supports the hypothesis that elevated nonesterified fatty acids (NEFAs) in patients with insulin resistance, eg, obese hypertensive subjects, contribute to increased vascular α-adrenergic reactivity and tone by impairing endothelium-dependent vasodilation. To generate further support for this notion, we studied responses to endothelium-dependent and independent dilators under control (0.9% NaCl/heparin) conditions in one hand and with elevated NEFAs in the contralateral hand (10% intralipid/heparin). To observe venodilator responses, the dorsal hand vein diameter was first reduced by ∼60% with phenylephrine. Studies were repeated with indomethacin to block the generation of cyclooxygenase products. In contrast to previous in vitro data, elevating NEFAs locally in vivo augmented rather than suppressed venodilator responses to the two endothelium-dependent dilators acetylcholine and methacholine ( P <.05). Responses to the endothelium-independent dilator nitroglycerin were unaffected. Indomethacin attenuated the capacity of intralipid/heparin to enhance endothelium-dependent dilator responses to acetylcholine and methacholine. Indomethacin did not affect venodilator responses to nitroglycerin. The effect of intralipid/heparin to significantly reduce the phenylephrine infusion rate required to reduce hand vein diameter by ∼60% was reversed by indomethacin. These data indicate that raising fatty acids locally augments endothelium-dependent dilation by a cyclooxygenase-dependent mechanism. The findings also suggest that NEFAs augment α 1 -adrenoceptor–mediated constriction in hand veins by a cyclooxygenase-dependent mechanism. These hand vein studies do not support the notion that the elevated NEFAs in obese hypertensive patients augment α 1 -adrenoceptor–mediated reactivity by reducing nitric oxide synthesis.
Design of Four Element Multi-Band MIMO Antenna for 6G mmWave Wireless Applications

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The current chapter demonstrates a novel four-element compact multi-band and ultra wideband (UWB) MIMO (multiple-input and multiple-output) antenna. The mentioned antenna is intended to be utilized for the 6G mmWave band applications. It operates in four operational bands, the first of which has a frequency of 22.23 GHz for the stated band of 7–24 GHz. The operational frequency of the second band is 32 GHz band at 34 GHz, while that of the third band is the upper 40 GHz band at 43.69 GHz. The fourth band's operational frequency is the 50 GHz range, which is 53.38 GHz. The exhibited 6G antenna measures 25 mm × 28 mm × 0.508 mm and is made of low loss dielectric material Rogers RT/Duriod 5880 (tm) which possess a relative permittivity of 2.2 and a dielectric loss tangent of 0.0009. The newly developed antenna has four Hx-HpDs (Hexagon (Hx)-Heptagon loaded with slotted diamond (HpDs)) antennas. The radiating elements loaded both above and below the dielectric material are Hx and HpDs. Two of the four radiating elements are on the upper portion of the dielectric material, while the other two are in the lower. Every element is fed with microstrip line of 50Ω. To enhance the MIMO antenna performance two diagonal radiating elements are loaded on the upper side and the other two on the lower side diagonally. Hexagons are responsible for the first band, and the remaining three bands are heptagons with diamond slot.
Effect of Laboratory Batch Steeping pH on Starch Yield and Pasting Properties of Selected Corn Hybrids

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT This study evaluated the effect of initial pH on percent of starch yield and pasting characteristics for a laboratory wet‐milling procedure. Four commercial hybrids, selected because they have significantly different starch yield values, were laboratory wet‐milled, and the pasting properties of the starch fractions were evaluated using a Rapid Visco Analyser (RVA). Percent starch yield (db) decreased when initial pH values were >4.0 but was unaffected by any lower initial pH values. The pasting properties of some of the selected hybrids were more sensitive to steepwater pH than others. There was an overall increase in peak, trough, and final viscosity as pH increased.
Comparison of three techniques for decellularization of porcine bone-tendon-bone grafts

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Anterior cruciate ligament injuries are frequent afflictions related to sports or physical trauma. Autograft reconstruction strategies cause secondary injury to the patient. One alternative, supported by clinical evidence, is porcine xenografts. For clinical use, xenografts must be conditioned to avoid immune rejection. The most widely accepted procedure is tissue decellularization. We analyzed three decellularization strategies: the application of the anionic detergent sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), sonication, and freezing and thawing cycles. The treated tissues were evaluated histologically using H&E, Masson's trichrome, Verhoeff-van Gieson staining, and DAPI for fluorescent staining of nuclei. Finally, collagen fiber preservation was evaluated by quantifying this protein by colorimetry. The most efficient decellularization techniques were sonication and SDS. Collagen fibers were preserved in all experimental conditions.
Risk factors in carotid artery stenosis and intracranial aneurysms.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Hyperlipoproteinaemia is an important risk factor in extracranial arterial disease and the mean values of serum triglyceride and serum cholesterol were raised in a group of 43 patients with carotid stenosis. The risk factors for carotid stenosis are not unlike those for other types of atherosclerotic disease such as dilating arterial disease. Serum triglyceride and cholesterol levels in a group of 22 patients with intracranial aneurysms are similar to those of age and sex matched control patients and are significantly lower than those of a group of 69 patients with dilating arterial disease. It is suggested that the aetiology of these two aneurysmal diseases may be different. 55% of the patients with intracranial aneurysms were hypertensive and only 50% were heavy smokers. This is a much lower incidence of cigarette smoking than in patients with either carotid stenosis or dilating disease. We conclude that intracranial aneurysms are unlikely to be caused by atherosclerosis.
The Foxgloves (Digitalis) Revisited

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract This review provides a renewed look at the genus Digitalis. Emphasis will be put on those issues that attracted the most attention or even went through paradigmatic changes since the turn of the millennium. PubMed and Google Scholar were used (“Digitalis” and “Foxglove” were the key words) to identify research from 2000 till 2017 containing data relevant enough to be presented here. Intriguing new results emerged from studies related to the phylogeny and taxonomy of the genus as well as to the biosynthesis and potential medicinal uses of the key active compounds, the cardiac glycosides. Several Eastern and Western Foxgloves were studied with respect to their propagation in vitro. In this context, molecular biology tools were applied and phytochemical analyses were conducted. Structure elucidation and analytical methods, which have experienced less exciting progress, will not be considered here in great detail.
Effects of cytostatics on the selected parameters of cell-mediated immunity in dogs

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

The aim of the study was to assess the effects of tamoxifen and cyclophosphamide on the selected cell-mediated immunity parameters in dogs. The study included 18 dogs aged 5-10 years. The experimental group consisted of 12 animals with neoplastic lesions classified as the first or second staging group (according to the WHO TMN classification). This group was divided into two subgroups: I – six dogs receiving oral tamoxifen, and II – six dogs with cyclophosphamide administered orally. The control group included six healthy dogs. The blood was sampled from the saphenous access vein two times at 14-d intervals before the drug administration, three times every 7 d during administration, and two times every 14 d after completion of the therapy. The basic blood tests were carried out and the subpopulations of TCD4+ and TCD8+ lymphocytes, and phagocytic activity of granulocytes and monocytes were determined using flow cytometry. It was found that tamoxifen induced a marked increase in WBC and neutrophil counts, increased phagocytic activity of monocytes, and changed the CD4+:CD8+ ratio (in favour of cytotoxic lymphocyte subpopulation). These findings indicated the stimulation of cell-mediated immunity mechanisms. Cyclophosphamide caused a substantial decrease in the overall leukocyte pool and reduced the percentage of cells activated for phagocytosis, both neutrophils and monocytes even after completion of its administration, which proves its immunosuppressive effects.
Characterization of the seed and seed extracts of the pumpkins Cucurbita maxima D. and Cucurbita pepo l. from Macedonia

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Chemical composition of seeds of C. maxima D. and C. pepo L. cultivated in the Republic of Macedonia and physico-chemical characteristics, fatty acid profiles, and sterol and tocopherol contents in pumpkin seed extracts were determined. Higher kernel yield and content of moisture, ash, total nitrogen, proteins and carbohydrates were measured in the C. pepo than in C. maxima seed. The highest extract yield of 487.4 g/kg dry matter was obtained from C. pepo kernel, while 388.2 g/kg dry matter was extracted from C. maxima kernel, when n-hexane was used as solvent. In all extracts, the palmitic, stearic, oleic and linoleic acids were predominant. The linoleic/oleic acid ratio was higher in C. maxima extracts. D7-Sterols were predominant in all extracts, while D5-sterols content was higher in the whole seed than in the kernel extracts. Higher tocopherol content was determined in the extracts of C. pepo whole seed and kernel (153.79 mg/kg and 117.81 mg/kg, respectively), than in those of C. maxima (121.24 mg/kg and 117.55 mg/kg, respectively). In all extracts γ-tocopherol content was higher than α-tocopherol.
The polycomb group protein EZH2 impairs DNA repair in breast epithelial cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The Polycomb group protein EZH2 is a transcriptional repressor involved in controlling cellular memory and has been linked to aggressive and metastatic breast cancer. Here we report that EZH2 decreased the ex-pression of five RAD51 paralog proteins involved in homologous recombination (HR) repair of DNA double-strand breaks (RAD51B/RAD51L1, RAD51C/RAD51L2, RAD51D/RAD51L3, XRCC2, and XRCC3), but did not affect the levels of DMC1, a gene that only functions in meiosis. EZH2 overexpression impaired the forma-tion of RAD51 repair foci at sites of DNA breaks. Over-expression of EZH2 resulted in decreased cell survival and clonogenic capacity following DNA damage in-duced independently by etoposide and ionizing radia-tion. We suggest that EZH2 may contribute to breast tumorigenesis by specific downregulation of RAD51-like proteins and by impairment of HR repair. We pro-vide mechanistic insights into the function of EZH2 in mammalian cells and uncover a link between EZH2, a regulator of homeotic gene expression, and HR DNA repair. Our study paves the way for exploring the block-ade of EZH2 overexpression as a novel approach for the prevention and treatment of breast cancer.
Standard cleaning vs a disinfection cap for the decontamination of needle-free connectors

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

IntroductionThe efficacy of decontamination is one factor attributed to the level of infection risk associated with needle-free connectors. However, the optimal decontamination method for such devices is still unresolved. The objective of this study was to determine if a continuous passive disinfection cap is as effective as standard cleaning for the microbial decontamination of injection ports of two types of needle-free connectors.MethodThe injection ports of needle-free connectors were inoculated with Staphylococcus aureus and allowed to dry. Disinfection caps containing 70% (v/v) isopropyl alcohol (IPA) were attached to the connectors for one, three or seven days and were compared with needle-free connectors cleaned with wipes containing 2% (w/v) chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) in 70% (v/v) IPA. The number of S. aureus remaining on the needle-free connectors was determined. Median log10 reductions and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated and data analysed using the Mann-Whitney test.ResultsThe application of the disinfection cap resulted in a significantly higher reduction in the number of surviving S.aureus than the wipe containing 2% (w/v) CHG in 70% (v/v) IPA. Indeed, a >5 Log10 reduction in CFU was achieved at each time point.Discussion & ConclusionThe disinfection caps resulted in a significantly higher reduction in S.aureus on the injection ports when compared to the use of a wipe containing 2% (w/v) CHG in 70% (v/v) IPA. These results corroborate the lower rates of central-line associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) demonstrated with the use of disinfection caps in clinical studies.
Indicators to support an ecosystem approach to fisheries

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Indicators are needed to support the implementation of an ecosystem approach to fisheries (EAF), by providing information on the state of the ecosystem, the extent and intensity of effort or mortality and the progress of management in relation to objectives. Here, I review recent work on the development, selection and application of indicators and consider how indicators might support an EAF. Indicators should guide the management of fishing activities that have led to, or are most likely to lead to, unsustainable impacts on ecosystem components or attributes. The numbers and types of indicators used to support an EAF will vary among management regions, depending on resources available for monitoring and enforcement, and actual and potential fishing impacts. State indicators provide feedback on the state of ecosystem components or attributes and the extent to which management objectives, which usually relate to state, are met. State can only be managed if the relationships with fishing (pressure) and management (response) are known. Predicting such relationships is fundamental to developing a management system that supports the achievement of objectives. In a management framework supported by pressure, state and response indicators, the relationship between the value of an indicator and a target or limit reference point, reference trajectory or direction provides guidance on the management action to take. Values of pressure, state and response indicators may be affected by measurement, process, model and estimation error and thus different indicators, and the same indicators measured at different scales and in different ways, will detect true trends on different timescales. Managers can use several methods to estimate the effects of error on the probability of detecting true trends and/or to account for error when setting reference points, trajectories and directions. Given the high noise to signal ratio in many state indicators, pressure and response indicators would often guide short‐term management decision making more effectively, with state indicators providing longer‐term policy‐focused feedback on the effects of management action.