jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Update on ectopic pregnancy.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Ectopic pregnancy is the leading cause of maternal death in the first trimester. Its incidence is increasing, probably owing to the increasing incidence of pelvic inflammatory disease. Although up to 15% of patients have been reported to present in shock, a large number seek care earlier because of pelvic pain and irregular menses. With strong clinical suspicion and the use of culdocentesis, assays of the beta subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin in the blood and ultrasonography, the diagnosis can be made before rupture occurs. Although the woman's subsequent fertility has traditionally been poor, some improvement has been achieved with the use of conservative surgical techniques. Early diagnosis facilitates this approach.
A Perspective on Short-Haul STOL

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper discusses the basic incentives motivating the development of the short-haul STOL air transportation system and the technological impact of propulsion lift on fundamental aircraft parameters and related economics.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The incentives are aimed at alleviating some of the current accrued ills of the existing CTOL system. Specifically ground and air congestion, environmental impact relief, and customer service can be improved by the introduction of the potential system.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The technological impact on the aircraft and its related economics required to achieve short field performance is generally detrimental. Considerations such as wing and empennage sizing, engine thrust sizing and cycle selection, thrust reverser requirements, cruise Mach number effects, noise, and fuel usage impacts are discussed.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The direct operating economics are adversely affected although it is thought that the indirect costs can be correspondingly reduced. A study of the total operating costs of the short-haul system and its related fare structure indicates that a definite potential exists for the evolution of an economically viable system returning positive returns on investment to the operators. It is concluded that this potential is sufficient to warrant more detailed studies of these economics and the alternative implementation schemes.</div>
A 90 nm CMOS <formula formulatype="inline"> <tex Notation="TeX">$+$</tex></formula>11 dBm IIP3 4 mW Dual-Band LNA for Cellular Handsets

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A dual-band cross-coupled common-gate low noise amplifier (LNA) utilizing post distortion cancellation is introduced. A differential pair biased in weak inversion is used to cancel the third-order intermodulation (IMD3) distortion of the main amplifier. An on-chip circuit is used for biasing the main and auxiliary amplifier. The IIP3 of the LNA is improved by more than 4 dB in both bands, located at 1.8 and 2 GHz, respectively. The IIP3 of the amplifier is $+$ 11 dBm, the gain is 15 and 16 dB, and the Noise Figure (NF) is 4 and 3.5 dB in the low and high bands, respectively. The LNA is implemented in a 90 nm CMOS process and draws 4 mA from a 1 V supply.
Abstract 18731: Prevention of Protease 2a-Mediated Cleavage of Dystrophin Inhibits Disruption of the Sarcolemma and Enteroviral-Mediated Cardiomyopathy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Coxsackievirus (CV) is a member of the enteroviral genus of the picornavirus family and is known to be an important cause of myocarditis and heart failure in children and adults. Enteroviral protease 2A cleaves the viral polyprotein and a small number of host cell proteins such as the cytoskeletal protein, dystrophin, and the eukaryotic translation initiation factor (eIF4G)-1 and -2. Genetic deficiency of dystrophin causes cardiomyopathy in Duchenne muscular dystrophy and increases susceptibility to enteroviral myocarditis. However, the importance of protease 2A-mediated cleavage of dystrophin and disruption of the sarcolemma is not known. We hypothesized that cleavage of dystrophin by protease 2A is important in viral propagation, enteroviral-mediated cytopathic effects, and the development of cardiomyopathy following enteroviral infection. Methods and Results: The current studies were designed to test whether inhibition of dystrophin cleavage alters CVB3-mediated myocarditis. In order to address this hypothesis, we knocked-in a mutation at the protease 2A-cleavage site of the dystrophin gene, thus inhibiting only the cleavage of dystrophin following CVB3 infection. Mice expressing cleavage-resistant dystrophin were less susceptible to CVB3 infection as indicated by a significant decrease in the cardiac virus titer eight days post-CVB3 infection. Sarcolemmal integrity, as measured by Evan’s blue dye uptake and Von Kossa staining, was also significantly improved in cleavage -resistant mice. In addition, myocarditis was decreased in infected knock-in mice compared to wild-type infected littermate controls. Also, prevention of dystrophin cleavage in protease 2A expressing transgenic mice markedly inhibited the protease 2A-induced myocytopathic effect. Conclusions: These findings indicate that disruption of the sarcolemma by protease 2A-mediated cleavage of dystrophin can have a critical role in viral propagation, enteroviral-mediated cytopathic effects, and the development of cardiomyopathy in control mice. These findings demonstrate that alterations in the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex which alter sarcolemmal integrity could contribute to susceptibility to virus infection.
Localization of urine acidification in the mammalian kidney

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Fluid was collected by micropuncture from individual renal tubules of anesthetized rats and its pH determined with the quinhydrone microelectrode. The single glomerular sample and early proximal fluid were isohydric with arterial blood, but later proximal fluid usually showed progressive acidification. The maximum proximal fall in pH was 0.43 u in nondiuretic rats, 0.56 u during profuse glucose or mannitol diuresis, and 0.78 u in rats previously loaded with ammonium chloride and undergoing glucose diuresis. Fluid from the early distal convolution was usually acidified relative to arterial blood but was not significantly different from late proximal fluid. Progressive acidification probably also occurred in the distal convolution. The pH decreased further in the collecting ducts, much more so in the nondiuretic state than during diuresis. The quantitative importance of proximal reabsorption of HCO 3 – and, by inference, H + secretion is emphasized. It is suggested that the pH of tubular fluid may increase in the thin descending limb of the loop of Henle, especially in a kidney elaborating a concentrated urine, because of increased concentration of HCO 3 – .
Algebraic thinking in the elementary classroom

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

My interest in early algebra led me to seek out the definitions of algebra and early algebra according to various researchers. Algebra can be thought of as a set of tools for solving problems, where letters are used when making generalizations, finding unknowns, or working with variables. Early algebra is about providing children with the opportunities to think algebraically in order to develop an in-depth understanding of arithmetic. This led me to wonder if elementary school students display evidence of algebraic thinking, and if so, how their algebraic thinking is evident. On a number of occasions, I presented mathematical tasks to students in a grade two/three class and made observations on how they approached the problems. I found that there was evidence of algebraic thinking in elementary school students; they were able to find the unknown, they were able to work with variables, and they were able to make generalizations.
Primary CNS Lymphoma Presenting with a Rapidly Progressive Huntington’s Disease-Like Picture (P4.063)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

OBJECTIVE: To describe an unusual case of primary CNS lymphoma (PCL) presenting with rapidly progressive Huntington's disease (HD)-like picture. BACKGROUND: PCL can have variable clinical and radiological presentations. Bilateral basal ganglia (BG) involvement is common but extrapyramidal presentation is quite rare. Although focal chorea has been described with PCL, generalized HD-like presentation has not been reported. DESIGN/METHODS: We describe a 71-year-old female who over three months developed dysarthria, visual hallucinations, apathy, cognitive decline, gait dysfunction, unsteadiness, and abnormal involuntary movements. Brain MRI revealed widespread T2 hyperintensities involving the BG bilaterally and the periventricular/subcortical white matter. She was given steroids for proposed ADEM with temporary improvement followed by symptom relapse. When seen in our hospital her exam showed slow saccades, generalized chorea, tongue and left arm dystonia, lower limb rigidity, and postural instability. This HD-like picture with BG lesions was thought to be atypical for ADEM warranting further workup. RESULTS: Blood and CSF studies ruled out CNS infections, CJD, PML, paraneoplastic syndromes, and vasculitis. Body PET and EEG were unremarkable. CSF cytology was negative but flow cytometry showed small kappa LC restricted B-cell population. A second CSF sample showed rare atypical lymphoid cells on cytology but had a negative flow cytometry. Decision was made to proceed to brain biopsy. Biopsy showed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Patient was treated symptomatically with steroids and quetiapine. Definitive treatment was carried out locally per patient's preference. CONCLUSIONS: A rapidly progressive extrapyramidal syndrome may be the presenting picture of PCL. Definitive diagnosis may require brain biopsy if CSF cytology/flow cytometry are non diagnostic. Study Supported by:
Thin-film functional materials for portable microwave systems

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The presentation will focus on the exploratory work performed by the University of Leeds on behalf of the Flagship Consortium. The characterisation and patterning of thin-film Lead Zirconium Titanate (PZT) suitable for high-frequency RF systems will be discussed, and experimental results will be presented. A sub-wavelength parallel-plate capacitor configuration with laser-drilled micro via's was fabricated using a single-mask photolithography method, and Sιι measurements were taken directly from the structure for a frequency range from 100MHz to 67GHz. A lumped-element model with fringing-field compensation was used to de-embed the material's frequency-dependent relative permittivity and loss tangent values.
Bornholm Disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Bornholm disease is an uncommon cause of sudden-onset, severe, abdominal pain in adolescents and young adults caused by Coxsackievirus infection. Physicians who care for this patient population should consider Bornholm disease when presented with an acute abdomen or when other serious causes of abdominal pain have been ruled out. Typically, patients with this presentation progress to have pleuritic chest pain associated with a normal chest radiograph. Obtaining Coxsackievirus titers can help confirm the diagnosis. With this case presentation and review of the literature, we demonstrate the varied clinical presentation of Bornholm disease in adolescents and young adults.
Optimal Role Assignment in Heterogeneous Juror Panels

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

In this thesis we study the optimal role assignment in jury voting. Jurors have to decide between two states of nature. Jurors cannot directly observe the state of nature, but only a noisy signal, that is correlated with the true state of nature. Some jurors are better than the other, and higher ability jurors receive signals that more likely lead to the correct choice. Not all jurors vote simultaneously, and jurors that vote later are informed on what previous jurors have voted. We want to know what the optimal role assignment, if we have jurors with different ability levels. In a two juror advisor-decider scheme, the first juror has the role of advisor and the second juror is the decider. The advisor passes his vote to the decider, and the decider’s choice is the final decision the of the whole decision process. For random signals with linear-, β- and Gaussian probability densities, the best jurors should be the decider. For three member casting vote schemes, the first two jurors vote simultaneously. If the decision is not unanimous, then there is no majority decision, and the casting juror breaks the tie. Besides receiving his own signal, the casting juror is informed on what the other jurors have voted. For random signals with linear-, β - and Gaussian densities, reliability is maximised, when the median ability juror has the casting vote.
Effects of customer value co-creation behavior on customer experience and customer loyalty

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This study is to investigate the mechanism that value co-creation customer behavior consisting of customer participation behavior and customer citizenship behavior affects customer loyalty through customer experience. For this purpose, this study classifies customer participation behavior into information sharing and responsible behavior, customer citizenship behavior into feedback and helping, and analyzes the influence of each on economic, hedonic, symbolic, and relational customer experience. And it analyzes the influence of each customer experience on customer loyalty. As a result of analyzing the data collected by allocating 320 consumers who have experience in using retail services by gender and age, information sharing has a positive effect on economic and hedonic customer experience, but does not have a significant effect on symbolic and relational experience, and responsible behavior has a positive effect on economic, hedonic, and symbolic experience, but does not have a significant effect on relational experience. In addition, both the feedback and helping are found to have a positive effect on economic, hedonic, symbolic, and relational experiences. And economic, symbolic, and relational experiences have a positive effect on customer loyalty. Based on the results of the study, implications for establishing customer experience marketing strategies by encouraging value co-creating customer behavior are presented.
Microwave Dielectric Properties with Optimized Mn-Doped Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3 Highly Epitaxial Thin Films

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Pure and Mn doped Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3 (0.5%, 2%) (BST) thin films were epitaxially grown on the (001) LaAlO3 using pulsed laser deposition. Microstructural characterizations indicate that the as-grown thin films have excellent single crystalline quality and epitaxial nature with an atomically sharp interface and an interface relationship of [100]film//[100]LAO and (001)film//(001)LAO. Microwave dielectric property measurements indicate that the additional Mn doping can significantly enhance the microwave dielectric properties of the BST films.
Early Intervention and Newborn Screening

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Both early intervention (EI) programs for infants and toddlers with disabilities and newborn screening (NBS) programs to identify specific disorders shortly after birth rest on the assumption that the best way to prevent or lessen the impact of a disorder is to provide treatment as early as possible. Despite this shared vision, the two programs differ in substantial ways, including historical beginnings and subsequent evolution; program entry and eligibility; service models; evidence, efficacy, and outcomes; roles and responsibilities vis-à-vis families; and financing. Each program is well established and highly successful. But 4 crosscutting issues need to be addressed: (1) documenting meaningful outcomes for children and families; (2) deciding whether and how to provide highly effective yet very expensive treatments; (3) implementing surveillance activities to monitor progress and determine optimal timing for intervention; and (4) identifying appropriate intersections between EI and NBS. Solving these challenges will require national and state leadership, stakeholder engagement, collaboration between EI and NBS, and a significant investment of resources if the promise of maximizing benefit for children and families is to be realized.
hTR RNA component as a marker of cellular proliferation in oral lichen planus.

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Previously, we have shown that the telomerase RNA component hTR is highly expressed in the epithelium of non-dysplastic Oral Lichen Planus (OLP) lesions (11). We concluded that it is possible that this high expression might be related to the increased cellular proliferation seen in OLP rather than being an indicator of potential malignant transformation. In the present study, and in order to confirm our finding in the previous study that hTR might be a marker for cellular proliferation in OLP, we analysed OLP biopsies known to be positive for RNA component of Telomerase (hTR) for the expression of Ki-67 as a marker for cellular proliferation. Fourteen OLP tissue biopsies known to be positive for telomerase RNA component hTR, were investigated using an immunohistochemical approach to determine the rate of cellular proliferation in OLP, looking at the expression of Ki-67 protein as a marker for cellular proliferation. A statistically significant increase was found between Ki-67 expression in OLP in comparison to normal control buccal mucosa samples. The expression of hTR component in OLP might thus be a marker for cellular proliferation.
Overexpressing miR‑335 inhibits DU145 cell proliferation by targeting early growth response 3 in prostate cancer

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

MicroRNA‑335 (miR‑335) was reported to suppress cell proliferation in prostate cancer (PC), a common malignancy in males. The expression of early growth response 3 (EGR3) was determined to be elevated in human PC tissues; however, the possible effects and underlying mechanism of miR‑335 on PC remains unknown. In the present study, miR‑335 mimics and miR‑335 inhibitors were respectively transfected into DU145 cells. Stable silencing of EGR3 was observed in DU145 cells following transfection with small interfering RNA. We also used Cell Counting Kit‑8 and in vitro angiogenesis assays to determine the viability and revascularization potential of DU145 cells. The expression levels of EGR and caspase‑3 activity were analyzed by immunohistochemistry and immunocytochemistry, respectively. We predicted the target of miR‑335 by bioinformatics analysis and a dual‑luciferase reporter gene assay. Western blot and quantitative real‑time polymerase chain reaction analyses were performed to determine the protein and mRNA expression of molecules. miR‑335 expression was downregulated in PC tissues and cell lines. Overexpression of miR‑335 significantly reduced the viability and the formation of regenerative tubes of DU145 cells, and inhibited the expression of inflammatory factors. EGR3 was proposed as a possible target of miR‑335, and was negatively regulated by miR‑335. Silencing EGR3 suppressed the viability and angiogenesis of DU145 cells, and reduced the activity of caspase‑3 and inflammatory factor expression. miR‑335 inhibition along with EGR3 silencing EGR3 inhibited the cell proliferation. Furthermore, miR‑335 inhibited the formation of a PC solid tumor xenograft in vivo. Thus, miR‑335 may exert an antitumor effect on DU145 cells by regulating the expression of EGR3. The findings of the present study may provide insight into a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of prostatic carcinoma.
Neoipecoside and 7-methylneoipecoside, new unusually-cyclized tetrahydroisoquinoline-monoterpene glucosides from Cephaelis ipecacuaha.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Two new monoterpene glucosides with unusually 7, 8-disubstituted tetrahydroisoquinoline nucleus, neoipecoside and 7-methylneoipecoside, have been isolated from Cephaelis ipecacuanha A. Richard. Their structures were elucidated as 1 and 2 by spectroscopic and chemical means.
How Informative Is the CANTAB to Assess Executive Functioning in Children With ADHD? A Controlled Study

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Objective: The authors examined the utility of the computerized Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB) to evaluate executive functioning deficits in children with ADHD. Method: Participants were unmedicated children and adolescents with ( n = 107) and without ( n = 45) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.) ADHD. The authors administered the CANTAB Eclipse battery, which comprises specific tasks shown to be deficient in individuals with ADHD. Results: With the exception of the affective go/no-go total omissions, ADHD participants were significantly more impaired on all other subtests of the CANTAB in comparison with controls. Effect sizes for individual CANTAB tests were largely in the medium range with the largest effect sizes seen in spatial working memory total and between errors. Conclusion: These CANTAB results are highly congruent with those reported in studies using traditional neuropsychological testing batteries, supporting the utility of the CANTAB to assess neuropsychological deficits in children with ADHD in clinical and research settings.
Broad band full scan coverage polarization agile spherical conformal array antennas: pseudo-uniform vs. pseudo-random element arrangements

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Optimal three dimensional array configurations for adaptive applications are investigated in this paper. To accomplish uniform beam scanning, two classes of possible element arrangements are devised by placing the radiating elements at the vertices of some canonical polyhedra and by randomly dispersing the radiating elements on a spherical surface with uniform spatial density. In both these pseudo-uniform and pseudo-random configurations the advantage of polarization agility and broad band operation is achieved by using a spiral antenna as radiating element. The array radiation characteristics are evaluated by resorting to the active element pattern approach in conjunction with the method of moments (MoM), so as to properly account for mutual coupling between the elements. The scanning performance of two like size 32-element pseudo-uniform and pseudo-random arrays are thoroughly compared in terms of maximum gain, half power beamwidth and side lobe level and relevant numerical results are provided. The variations with beam steering of the active reflection coefficient are also studied.