jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Older Adults and Generativity: Developmental, Experimental, and Clinical Advances in Terror Management Theory

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Terror Management Theory (TMT) (Greenberg, Pyszczynski, & Solomon, 1986) offers an empirical framework to explore how human beings function despite their fear of death. TMT studies have shown that in order to buffer death anxiety, people strive to meet the standards of their cultural worldview. These studies have been conducted almost exclusively with younger participants. Preliminary research with older adults has indicated that seniors might not respond to TMT experimental manipulations in the same way as their younger counterparts (Maxfield et al., 2007). This dissertation is organized into three papers as well as an introduction and a conclusion. The goal of paper one was to provide a review of TMT research from a developmental perspective. One core theme that emerged from this review was the importance of developmental theory in TMT research when studying participants of various age groups, especially older adults. The purpose of the second paper was to test a developmentally relevant construct that may buffer death anxiety in later life, namely generativity. Drawing from Erikson’s (1959) psychosocial stages of development, it was hypothesized that generativity may encompass unique death-denying properties for older adults. One hundred and seventy-nine seniors were recruited to determine if subtle mortality salience inductions would lead participants to rate both their generativity and their child/grandchild success higher than a blatant and control group. As expected, participants who were exposed to subtle death primes rated themselves as having significantly higher levels of generativity than the other two groups but this was not the case with child or grandchild success (with the exception of an item measuring common sense from the grandchild success measure). Explanations for these results are discussed in light of the literature on generativity and TMT. The results from paper two indicated that developmental considerations are integral to TMT design. Finally, in the third paper, the TMT conceptualization of mental health as it relates to death anxiety was reviewed. The psychotherapy literature regarding the treatment of death anxiety was also described. Four areas for future investigation are proposed that offer possibilities for meaningful theoretical and clinical integration benefitting TMT researchers and psychotherapists alike.
Capturing missed HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis opportunities—sexually transmitted infection diagnoses in the emergency department

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) be considered for all patients diagnosed with a sexually transmitted infection (STI). Emergency departments (EDs) are an important site for diagnosis and treatment of STIs for under-served populations. Consequently, we identified 377 patients diagnosed with a bacterial sexually transmitted infection (gonorrhea, chlamydia, and/or syphilis) at a major New York City emergency department between 1/1/2014 and 7/30/2017 to examine associations between key sociodemographic characteristics and missed opportunities for PrEP provision. In this sample, 299 (79%) emergency department patients missed their medical follow-up 90 days after STI diagnosis, as recommended. Results from adjusted generalized estimating equation regression models indicate that patients >45 yo (aOR = 2.2, 95% CI 1.2–3.9) and those with a primary care provider in the hospital system (aOR = 6.8, 95% CI 3.8–12.0) were more likely to return for follow-up visits, whereas Black patients (aOR = 0.44, 95% CI 0.25–0.77) were less likely to return for follow-up visits. These findings indicate that lack of STI treatment follow-up visits are significantly missed opportunities for PrEP provision and comprehensive human immunodeficiency virus prevention care.
Joint Transmitter-Receiver Optimization For Bonded Wireline Communications

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

With the advent of DSL services, high data rates are now available over phone lines, yet higher rates are in demand. In this paper, we optimize the transmit filters that can be used over wireline channels. Results showing the bit error rates when optimized filters are used, and with a decision feedback equalizer (DFE) employed in the receiver, are given. We then show that significantly higher throughput can be achieved by modeling the channel as a multiple input multiple output (MIMO) channel. A receiver that employs a MIMO-DFE that deals jointly with several users is proposed and shown to provide significant improvement over the conventional DFE.
Performance evaluation of micro bubble generator on physiological response of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758) farmed at different densities in recirculating aquaculture system

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Micro-bubble generator is a device to maintain water quality by producing micron-sized bubbles. This study aims to evaluate the application of micro-bubble generator in different density on production performance and physiological response of nile tilapia reared in recirculating system. An experiment was designated by performing 3 densities, namely 15 , 30, and 45 individuals 60 L-1 with 3 replications. Every single unit of experiment applies a 34×42×41 cm3 maintenance container. The length size of fish used in this study was 7.44±2.89 cm and body weight of 10,96 ± 0,53 g. Fish were reared for 42 days in recirculation water system and fed ad satiation. The results of the evaluation of the physiological response showed that fish kept at density up to 45 60 L-1 did not show any changes, indicating that fish was in stress condition. The best production performance was in treatment A (15 individuals 60 L-1) with a specific growth rate of 1.87 ± 0.15% and a feed conversion ratio of 0.95 ± 0.08.
Computer-assisted Visual Feedback in the Teaching of Singing

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The paper reports a pilot study on the use of computer-assisted visual feedback in the teaching of singing. The study aims to provide answers to the following two questions: 1. Is it feasible and productive to utilise computer technology for the purpose of assisting the learning of singing? 2. Can a simple visual feedback of voice parameters, using existing speech analysis technology provide significant benefits to students of singing?
Information theory applied to evaluate the discharge monitoring network of the Magdalena River

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The acquisition of good hydrologic information is an important issue in water management since it is the basis of decisions concerning the allocation of water resources to different users. However, sufficient data are often not available to describe the behaviour of such systems, especially in developing countries, where monitoring networks are inappropriately designed, poorly operated or are inadequate. Therefore, it is of interest to design and evaluate efficient monitoring networks. This paper presents two methodologies to design discharge monitoring networks in rivers using the concepts of Information Theory. The first methodology considers the optimization of Information Theory quantities and the second considers a new method that is based on ranking Information Theory quantities with different possible monitor combinations. The methodologies are tested for the Magdalena River in Colombia, in which the existing monitoring network is also assessed. In addition, the use of monitors at tributaries is explored. It is demonstrated that the ranking method is a promising way of finding the extremes of Pareto fronts generated during multi-objective optimization processes and that better (more informative and less redundant) monitoring network configurations can be found for the Magdalena River.
The discovery and evaluation of inhibitors of the KEAP1-NRF2 protein-protein interaction

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Disruption of the interaction between the ubiquitination facilitator protein Keap1 and the transcription factor Nrf2 is a potential strategy for enhancing the expression of antioxidant and detoxification gene products that are regulated by this cap ‘n’ collar basic-region leucine zipper transcription factor. Agents that disrupt this protein-protein interaction may be useful pharmacological probes and future cancer chemopreventive agents. The activity of Nrf2 is thought to be regulated by at least two other proteins; the nuclear protein prothymosin α and the proteasome associated sequestosome-1 that compete for the Keap1 binding site. The aim of this project is to develop compounds that directly inhibit the Keap1-Nrf2 protein-protein interaction and thereby enhance Nrf2 activity by a mechanism different to that of existing chemopreventive agents. Linear and cyclic peptides based on the binding motifs of Nrf2, prothymosin α and sequestosome-1 were designed and synthesised. An optimised series of peptides was then developed with further changes to the sequence to improve the binding profile. The peptides were shown to inhibit the Keap1-Nrf2 protein-protein interaction, determined using a fluorescence polarisation assay. A small series of stearoyl capped peptides were also developed for use in cell based assays. The peptides can be ranked in order of affinity and used to determine a structure activity relationship for interaction with the Keap1 protein. Cyclic inhibitors were generally more potent than the linear peptides, however, the most potent peptide was a linear hybrid sequence based upon the Nrf2 and sequestosome-1 binding motifs, and with an IC50 of 115 nmol/L was more active than either native sequence alone and equivalent in activity to the Nrf2 Neh2 domain protein. Finally, a small library of peptidomimetics designed using the peptide template and molecular modelling studies were also synthesised, resulting in five small molecules with IC50 values in the micromolar range.
"Isen Mulang" Motto : Spirit Symbol of the Dayak Community in Response to Capital City Movement to Palangka Raya

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper try to explore the issues of the capital city movement from Jakarta to Palangka Raya which is in the recent years has been widely discussed both in the regional and national media. So far there have been many studies on the movement of the capital's discourse on economic, geological, topographical aspects and there is no research that explicitly examines the discourse of the transfer of capital from a cultural perspective as reviewed in this paper. We know that the culture is very fundamental in encouraging the discourse of the capital movement, especially in the cultural aspect especially in Isen Mulang's spirit which is owned by Ngaju Dayak in central Kalimantan. In this study found that the Dayak community in several regions in Central Kalimantan, especially in the three research locations, the municipility of Palangka Raya, Katingan Regency and Gunung Mas Regency responded with three views in addressing the capital city movement as follows.; (1) Fully agree with the discourse of the capital city movement (2) Reject the discourse of the capital city movement, and (3) Receives the discourse with some notes.
Development of a performance evaluation method of mechanical sand retention techniques

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The production of sand from poorly consolidated formation is a problem that has plagued the oil and gas industry for a long time. The problem of sanding can be alleviated by producing under the critical flow rate that triggers sand production. However, this critical production rate is usually small and uneconomical. Therefore, some from of sand control is employed of which the mechanical sand retention, i.e. gravel pack and sand control screen are the most popular. The use of sand control devices inevitably causes decline in well productivity, which is characterized by the additional pressure drop across the device(s). The drop in productivity is often aggravated by high velocity and two-phase flow. A computer simulation program will be developed to evaluate the prodcutivity of gravel pack and sand control screen with a few assumptions such as semi-steady state flow around the wellbore, perforations are treated as perfect cylinders and the annulus between the perforation and screen is completely filled with gravel. For screen only completion, the natural sand bridging will not be considered. For the gravel pack, a three-dimensional, two-phase finite difference scheme will be developed that is capable of modelling the dispersed flow pattern, which exists in the gravel pack. The effect of turbulence would be accounted for by means of the Forschheimer's equation. A dedicated, CFD based model will be used to study the fluid flow across sand control screens. The pressure drop associated with perforations will be calculated using correlations based on the finite-element modeling. Such phenomena as partial penetration, drilling damage and perforation damage will be included. The resulting package can be used to study the effect on overall productivity of such factors as perforation density, geometry, flow rate and fluid properties.
Income/Wf — A Petri Net Based Approach to Workflow Management

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Einer flexiblen Anpassung betrieblicher Abläufe an veränderte äußere Bedingungen stehen oftmals starre Ablaufstrukturen von betrieblichen Anwendungssystemen gegenüber. Workflow-Managementsysteme (WFMS) sind dazu gedacht, verschiedene Arten von Abläufen flexibel zu unterstützen. INCOME/WF ist der Prototyp eines WFMS, bei dem höhere Petri-Netze als Sprache zur Modellierung, Validierung und Ausführung von Workflows verwendet werden. Wichtige Ziele bei der Konzeption von INCOME/WF sind zum einen die leichte Änderbarkeit von Workflow-Schemata, zum anderen die Unterstützung unstrukturierter oder nur schwach strukturierter Abläufe. Beide Aspekte werden von heute verfügbaren WFMS nur unzureichend berücksichtigt.
Abstract 19852: Depletion of Neurogenesis within Key Neural Stem/Progenitor Cell Pools Contributes to Brain Immaturity in Congenital Heart Disease

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Objectives: Congenital heart disease (CHD) often causes neurological deficits throughout life; primarily due to immature brain development as a consequence of restricted cerebral oxygenation during fetal life. However, the underlying cellular mechanisms remain poorly understood. The primary goal of this study is to model CHD-induced brain injury with a species similar to humans to better understand how the brain responds to these pathologies. Methods: Piglets were used in this study because their brains display highly evolved neocortexes. Newborn pigs were housed in a hypoxic (Hx) chamber (10.5% FiO2) for 11 days, alongside normoxic (Nx) controls. We used MRI to assess cortical folding and volume. Cell tracers (CTG) were injected into the subventricular zone (SVZ), prior to Hx exposure, to label neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs). t2* scans were acquired to visualize the migratory paths and destination of labeled cells. Immunostains determined the fate of labeled cells and the cellular composition of the cortex. Findings: Hx reduces cortical volume and folding (gyrification index) (Fig. 1a); a phenomenon commonly seen in CHD patients. The porcine SVZ shares significant anatomical/structural similarities to the human SVZ and a majority of NSPCs in the SVZ generate immature neurons that migrate to the frontal cortex where they mature into GABAergic (Calr+) interneurons. Hx reduces the capacity of neurogenesis (Sox2+Ki67+) within the SVZ and limits the contribution of SVZ-derived neurons (CTG+Dcx+) to postnatal cortical development (Fig. 1b). Finally, Hx reduces the number of immature (Dcx+) as well as mature interneurons (Calr+NeuN+) within the frontal cortex (Fig.1c). Conclusions: Immature brain development seen in CHD patients is due, in part, to a depletion of neuronal producing NSPCs in the SVZ. Therapies aimed at protecting these vulnerable cells or restoring neurogenic potential from the SVZ will likely improve neurological outcomes in CHD.
Lead-free perovskite solar cells

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Halide perovskites quickly overrun research activities in new materials for cost-effective and high-efficiency photovoltaic technologies. Since the first demonstration from Kojima and co-workers in 2007, several perovskite-based solar cells have been reported and certified with rapidly improving power conversion efficiency, now approaching the theoretical limit. Recent reports demonstrated that perovskites outperform the most efficient photovoltaic materials to date. At the same time, they still allow solution processing as a potential advantage in delivering a cost-effective solar technology. The most stable and efficient perovskites contain lead, among the most toxic elements on earth. Lead-free alternatives have been reported with impressive progress in power conversion efficiency for tin-based (lead-free) perovskites. However, the stability of tin-based perovskite solar cells is still unexplored. In the present talk, we will focus on the stability of tin-based (lead-free) perovskite solar cells.
On the Special Logic Thesis in Chinese Philosophy

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

I address the problem of whether philosophy can be international by its claim to represent rationality, hence universality. I argue in favor of this claim by focusing on the special logic thesis in Chinese philosophy. This thesis holds that a different type of logic must be used when studying the Chinese texts. I argue at length against the special logic thesis by examining the problem of human nature in the Confucian philosophers Mencius, Hsün Tzu and Kao Tzu. I show how their arguments can be reconstructed as inductive analogical arguments and as deductive argument. I then broaden the notion of the logic of argumentation into a discussion of metaphysical anti‐essentialism and underdetermination in order to resolve the problem of human nature and also to show how the same types of logical analysis (more generally construed) can be applied to the arguments from these Confucian philosophers. Under my treatment, Kao Tzu, somewhat surprisingly, turns out to provide the most insight.
Community attitude towards the reproductive rights and sexual life of people living with HIV/AIDS in Olorunda Local Government Area, Osogbo, Nigeria

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

EO Asekun-Olarinmoye,1 IO Asekun-Olarinmoye,2 WO Adebimpe,1 AI Olugbenga-Bello3 1Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Osun State University, Oke-Baale, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria; 2Department of Public Health, School of Public and Allied Health, Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria; 3Department of Community Medicine, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria Background: Globally, the Human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) epidemic remains a major public health problem. In most countries in sub-Saharan Africa, HIV/AIDS has already reversed the post-independence developmental gains. Purpose: This study assessed community attitudes regarding the reproductive rights and sexual life of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) in Olorunda Local Government Area of Osun State, Southwestern Nigeria. Design and methods: In a community-based descriptive cross-sectional study, the sample size calculation was based on the assumption that 67% of the target population has a negative attitude regarding the reproductive rights of PLWHA; a confidence interval (CI) of 95% was used. A minimum sample size of 340 was obtained using the formula n = Z2pq/d2. An anticipated 10% nonresponse rate was added to obtain a sample size of 374; a multistage sampling technique was utilized to select a total of 450 respondents. Data collected through a semistructured standardized and pretested questionnaire were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences software, version 15. Results: The study revealed that 283 (66.6%) and 142 (33.4%) of respondents were urban and rural dwellers, respectively. Mean age of respondents was 28.7 years ± 2.2 years. Four hundred and two (94.6%) respondents were aware of HIV/AIDS, and 88.7% had knowledge of at least six different modes of HIV/AIDS transmission. About 30.7% of respondents had discriminatory and stigmatizing attitudes towards PLWHA, and 50.9% and 44.8% had negative attitudes towards their sexual and reproductive rights, respectively. There were significant associations between gender, marital status, educational status, occupation, and residential area of respondents and their attitude towards the reproductive and sexual right of PLWHA (P < 0.05). Conclusion and recommendation: Discriminatory and stigmatizing attitudes to PLWHA found among respondents translated into a negative attitude regarding the reproductive and sexual rights of PLWHA. There is an urgent need to institute programs for raising community awareness about the rights of PLWHA, especially in rural areas, and to strengthen legislative provisions for protecting and preserving the reproductive rights of PLWHA. Keywords: community attitudes, PLWHA, reproductive and sexual rights
Crime and punishment in the city

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This chapter presents the Primeiro Comando da Capital (PCC) in São Paulo. This criminal group rose to the position of legitimate normative regime among a minor but relevant part of the residents of the city outskirts. Mapping alternative 'courts' performed by criminals in São Paulo, in three different levels of conflict, including a 'debate' via cell phone conference in seven of São Paulo's prisons, the chapter argues that these mechanisms are central factors explaining the drop in homicide rates in São Paulo during the 2000s. Claimed publicly by the state's government and military police, these courts themselves became important sources of legitimacy for the PCC's expansion in Brazil.
Over-the-Counter Drugs and Other Substances Used in Attempted Suicide Presented to Emergency Departments in Montreal, Canada

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract. Background: Over-the-counter (OTC) analgesics are frequently used in suicide attempts. Accessibility, toxicity, and unsupervised acquisition of large amounts may be facilitators. Aims: To identify patient characteristics associated with OTC drug use as a suicide attempt method among adults. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted using chart review of all individuals who presented to the emergency department (ED) of two adult general hospitals following a suicide attempt during 2009–2010 in Montreal, Canada. Results: Among the 369 suicide attempters identified, 181 used overdosing, 47% of whom used OTC drugs. In logistic regression, women and those with medical comorbidity were more likely to use overdosing, while those with substance use disorders were less likely to do so. Among those who overdosed, women were more likely to use OTC drugs, while those who were Caucasian, had children, comorbidities, diagnoses with substance use disorders, and made attempts in the Fall were less likely to do so. Substances most frequently used were: acetaminophen among OTC drugs (30%); antidepressants (37%), anxiolytics (30%), opioids (10%), and anticonvulsants (9%) among prescription drugs; and cocaine (10%) among recreational drugs. Limitations: Reasons for the suicide method choice were not available. Conclusion: OTC drugs, in particular acetaminophen, are frequently used in suicide attempts. Accessibility to these drugs may be an important contributor.