jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Using a Proposed Teaching Strategy Based on the Selective Thinking on Students' Acquisition Concepts in Mathematics.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This study aimed at identify the effect of using a proposed teaching strategy based on the selective thinking in acquire mathematical concepts by Classroom Teacher Students at Al- al- Bayt University, The sample of the study consisted of ( 74 ) students, equally distributed into a control group and an experimental group. The selective thinking strategy was taught to the experimental group. To achieve the study objectives, the researcher composed a 50-item test, measuring specific mathematical concepts. The tool's validity and reliability were examined and their values were accepted for the study. The study results showed the following: 1-There were no statistically significant differences at (α ≤ 0.05) between the two measurements (pre and post tests) in acquiring mathematical concepts in favour of the control group. 2-There were statistically significant differences at (α ≤ 0.05) between the two measurements (pre and post tests) in acquiring mathematical concepts and in favour of the post measurement. 3- There were statistically significant differences at (α ≤ 0.05) between the scores of the two groups ( the experimental and control ) in acquiring mathematical concepts in the post measurement and in favour of the experimental group. Keywords: strategy , selective thinking , mathematical concepts , student-teacher.
Competing ‘iconographies’: Hagia Sophia, ideology, and the construction of a cultural icon then and now

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Besides their undoubted aesthetic value, monuments possess an ideological function. They are meaningful forms built to commemorate significant deeds or events or to celebrate individuals who are prominent within a community. Monuments become essential for the articulation of cultural identity and memory, through which political powers and intellectual élites seek legitimation and support. As historical objects operating in fluid and transformative cultural environments, their significance is constantly renegotiated to suit new ideological agendas. Rhetoric, and in particular rhetorical descriptions or ekphraseis, may offer insights into the way in which monuments have been seen and communicated over the course of time. While representing selective verbal–visual narratives, these texts can convey specific conceptions of the monuments and encourage interpretations that are distant from the original intentions of those who had them installed. On this premise, this paper proposes a more comprehensive interpretive framework for the analysis of Hagia Sophia in Istanbul, a Byzantine monument recently brought to international attention by the Turkish government’s decision to change back its status from museum to mosque. This framework resorts to rhetoric and its unique capacity to unveil, across time and space, how the monument has been perceived, expressed, appropriated, reframed, and negotiated by people as an indivisible component of their culture.
Casting acute fractures. Part 1--Commonly asked questions.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The primary care physician traditionally applies the first cast. This coincides with the time of greatest risk as fractures are potentially unstable, and swelling is often anticipated rather than actually present. The swelling and associated morbidity from a cast can be considerable. Optimising comfort, function and safety in the initial cast is multifactorial. Attention to these factors gives a far better short and long term outcome for the patient. This also reduces medicolegal risk and the cost of unplanned return visits due to unnecessary morbidity.
The role of displacement currents in transient electromagnetic soundings

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The electrical prospecting by the transient electromagnetic sounding method (TEM) employs a set of the established notions. For example, it is believed that the effect of the displacement currents on the results of TEM is typically negligible except for the techniques which are intended for exploring the uppermost portions of the section and use high frequencies. In other words, for the underlying physicomathematical description, it is sufficient to use a quasi-stationary approximation. This is true for the traditional methods; however, the studies and results presented in this paper show that these notions need to be revised when TEM soundings are viewed from a more general standpoint. The suggested approach to the problem of the displacement currents’ influence on TEM soundings consists in the fact that the question should be partitioned into several issues and the shallow-depth electric prospecting which employs the high frequencies (or very short transient times) should be considered separately. The problem should be viewed from the standpoint of using the TM (transverse magnetic) and TE (transverse electric) polarizations of the electromagnetic field. As the core of this paper, I suggest the new and, in my opinion, rather fascinating results showing that the displacement currents can be in principle vital for the deep electrical prospecting studies; however, this is the case only if a pure TM field is used.
Report of the Fourth International Workshop on Design Automation for Cyber-Physical Systems (DACPS) 2019

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Cyber-physical systems have cyber and physical parts that represent computation and physical behavior, respectively. Due to the close interactions between the cyber and physical parts, cyber-physical systems are usually complex. Thus, designing correct, safe, secure, reliable, efficient, and fault-tolerant cyber-physical systems is a challenging task that is desired to be supported by design automation techniques. In this Fourth International Workshop on Design Automation for Cyber-Physical Systems (DACPS), participants present state-of-the-art research in the domain of design automation of cyber-physical systems and aim to establish fundamental design automation techniques for cyber-physical systems. The workshop highlights three growing areas, i.e., design automation methodology, verified artificial intelligence (AI), and cross-layer security.
Rapid Identification and Verification of Indirubin-Containing Medicinal Plants

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Indirubin, one of the key components of medicinal plants including Isatis tinctoria, Polygonum tinctorium , and Strobilanthes cusia , possesses great medicinal efficacy in the treatment of chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML). Due to misidentification and similar name, materials containing indirubin and their close relatives frequently fall prey to adulteration. In this study, we selected an internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) for distinguishing these indirubin-containing species from five of their usual adulterants, after assessing identification efficiency of matK, rbcL, psbA-trnH , and ITS2 among these species. The results of genetic distances and neighbor-joining (NJ) phylogenetic tree indicated that ITS2 region is a powerful DNA barcode to accurately identify these indirubin-containing species and discriminate them from their adulterants. Additionally, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to verify indirubin in different organs of the above species. The results showed that indirubin had been detected in the leaves of Is. tinctoria, P. tinctorium, S. cusia , and Indigo Naturalis (made from their mixture), but not in their roots, or in the leaves of their adulterants. Therefore, this study provides a novel and rapid method to identify and verify indirubin-containing medicinal plants for effective natural treatment of CML.
Figure S4 from AP-1 Signaling by Fra-1 Directly Regulates HMGA1 Oncogene Transcription in Triple-Negative Breast Cancers

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

<p>Contact matrices from Hi-C data from on the Chr6 33,724,700-34,948,488 region that contain the HMGA1 gene</p>
Supracricoid partial laryngectomy: literature review on quality of life protocols

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT: Supracricoid Partial Laryngectomy (SCPL) is indicated for treatment of tumors staging 1 and 2, and some cases of advanced tumors. Literature considers that it presents satisfactory results for the preservation of larynx and its functionality. This study aimed at a systematic review of literature on voice related quality of life in patients submitted to SCPL, identifying protocols of quality of life regarding head and neck cancer. The following database was consulted for the systematic exploratory literature review: MEDLINE, SCIELO, LILACS; PUBMED. Portuguese, English and Spanish-language descriptors (DeCS) were used. The selection of articles followed inclusion criteria with the application of Relevance Test. This literature review revealed that the protocols used specifically with head and neck oncologic patients, were mainly EORTC-C30/H&N35, UW-QOL and HNQOL. Although SCPL is considered a surgical technique that allows the preservation of swallowing and phonation functions, possible complaints regarding these functions are pointed in literature. Literature affirms that patients were satisfied with their own voices, having little difficulty to communicate with intelligibility. Studies report patients with breathing difficulties after SCPL, including obstructive sleep apnea. It was concluded that further researches aiming at pointing the difficulties resultant from SCPL and using more specific head and neck protocols are necessary, which may better reveal the impact of SCPL on quality of life.
Assessment of Cell Viability

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Cell viability may be judged by morphological changes or by changes in membrane permeability and/or physiological state inferred from the exclusion of certain dyes or the uptake and retention of others. This unit presents methods based on dye exclusion, esterase activity, and mitochondrial membrane potential, as well as protocols for determining the pre‐fixation viability of fixed cells either before or after fixation with amine‐reactive dyes suitable for a range of excitation wavelengths. Membrane‐impermeable dead cell and live cell dyes as well as dye‐exclusion procedures for microscopy are also included. Curr. Protoc. Cytom . 64:9.2.1‐9.2.26. © 2013 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Chylomicron and palmitate metabolism by perfused hearts from diabetic mice

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Hydrolysis of triacylglycerols (TG) in circulating chylomicrons by endothelium-bound lipoprotein lipase (LPL) provides a source of fatty acids (FA) for cardiac metabolism. The effect of diabetes on the metabolism of chylomicrons by perfused mouse hearts was investigated with db/db (type 2) and streptozotocin (STZ)-treated (type 1) diabetic mice. Endothelium-bound heparin-releasable LPL activity was unchanged in both type 1 and type 2 diabetic hearts. The metabolism of LPL-derived FA was examined by perfusing hearts with chylomicrons containing radiolabeled TG and by measuring 3 H 2 O accumulation in the perfusate (oxidation) and incorporation of radioactivity into tissue TG (esterification). Rates of LPL-derived FA oxidation and esterification were increased 2.3-fold and 1.7-fold in db/db hearts. Similarly, LPL-derived FA oxidation and esterification were increased 3.4-fold and 2.5-fold, respectively, in perfused hearts from STZ-treated mice. The oxidation and esterification of [ 3 H]palmitate complexed to albumin were also increased in type 1 and type 2 diabetic hearts. Therefore, diabetes may not influence the supply of LPL-derived FA, but total FA utilization (oxidation and esterification) was enhanced.
Robust Sparse Representation for DOA Estimation With Unknown Mutual Coupling Under Impulsive Noise

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

A variety of approaches have been exploited for DOA estimation with unknown mutual coupling in recent years. However, they usually suffer performance degradation under impulsive noise. To overcome this problem, an improved method for DOA estimation in the presence of unknown mutual coupling is proposed. Firstly, a sparse representation of the received signals is created by the aid of the structure of mutual coupling matrix (MCM). Subsequently, a Cauchy-score based cost function is utilized to reconstruct the sparse model and realize DOA estimation. Numerous experiments are carried out to evaluate the algorithms and simulation results confirm that our method shows superior performance than existing methods.
A classical, non-singular, bouncing universe

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We present a model for a classical, non-singular bouncing cosmology without violation of the null energy condition (NEC). The field content is General Relativity plus a real scalar field with a canonical kinetic term and only renormalizable, polynomial type self-interaction for the scalar field in the Jordan frame. The universe begins vacuum-energy dominated and is contracting at $t=-\infty$. We consider a closed universe with a positive spatial curvature, which is responsible for the universe bouncing without any NEC violation. An $Rϕ^2$ coupling between the Ricci scalar and the scalar field drives the scalar from the initial false vacuum to the true vacuum during the bounce. The model is sub-Planckian throughout its evolution and every dimensionful parameter is below the effective field theory scale $M_P$, so we expect no ghost-type or tachyonic instabilities. This model solves the horizon problem and extends co-moving particle geodesics to past infinity, resulting in a geodesically complete universe without singularities. We solve the Friedman equations and the scalar field equation of motion numerically, and analytically under certain approximations.
The role of memory decay in fear generalization.

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Fear generalization is an adaptive mechanism which ensures the survival of the organisms, as these can promptly respond to novel stimuli based on their physical or semantic similarity to the threatening stimulus (Dymond et al., 2015). Memory formation is initially supported by the hippocampus, while prefrontal brain regions gradually take over the storage of memories (Frankland & Bontempi, 2005). Through time, memory traces gradually degrade, and the recall of details becomes more difficult. Animal studies (Biddenkapp & Rudy, 2007) demonstrated that the decay of a fear memory trace is linked to a greater generalization of the conditioned fear response. Namely, rats tested two weeks after fear learning generalized freezing responses in a novel context, but not rats tested one or seven days after fear learning. In this study, we aim at investigating the role of fear memory decay in human fear generalization.
TMIC-16. THE EXPRESSION OF CX43 AND GAP43 AS CELL-TO-CELL LINKING FACTORS WITHIN THE GROUP OF DIFFUSE AND ANAPLASTIC GLIOMAS

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract INTRODUCTION The diversity of expansion and resistance within the group of diffuse and anaplastic gliomas might be possible due to variations in the cell-to-cell communication, determined by the Cx43- junctional activity and microtubules-defined networking with GAP43 as the main structural component. The aim of our trial was to assess the expression of these crucial proteins in samples of patients. METHODS Tissue of adult patients with WHO°II and III gliomas, who underwent surgery 2014 to 2018, were selected from institutional biobank. The expression was analyzed using immunohistochemistry and routine findings gained from patient charts. RESULTS 43 (57%) males and 33 (43%) females with a median age of 47 years (IqR: 35–61) were analyzed. In 15 (20%) patients a diffuse glioma (WHO°II) and in 46 (60%) an anaplastic glioma (WHO°III) was diagnosed. Further 15 patients (20%) were diagnosed with a diffuse glioma showing focal anaplasia. The IDH1 wildtype tumors demonstrated higher Cx43 expression in patients with longer intervals between imaging-based diagnosis and biopsy (p=0.032), whereas this association was absent in IDH1 mutated gliomas (p=0.549). The IDH1 wildtype tumors showed a higher expression of Cx43 (p=0.003) and a trend towards higher expression of GAP43 (p=0.075). Advanced Cx43 expression correlated with lower Ki67 nuclear expression in both IDH1 wildtype (p=0.003) and mutated gliomas (p=0.019). DISCUSSION The IDH1 wildtype gliomas showed advanced expression of Cx43 and GAP43 as well as longitudinal increase of Cx43. In the same time, tumors with lower mitosis rate produced more communication proteins, probably due to longer interphase. It can be interpreted as the intercellular networking provides acquired pathogenicity in the tumors with lower, e.g. “favorable”, proliferation rate. Moreover, IDH1 wildtype gliomas showed here advanced results, matching their aggressive behavior and poor outcome. Thus, diffuse and anaplastic gliomas are not homogenic and need to be evaluated considering their genetic profile.
Effect of amino acid enriched diets on hemolymph amino acid composition in honey bees

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Amino acids (AAs) are an abundant class of nectar solutes, and they are involved in the nectar attractiveness to flower visitors. Among the various AAs, proline is the most abundant proteogenic AA, and γ‐amino butyric acid (GABA) and β‐alanine are the two most abundant non‐proteogenic AAs. These three AAs are known to affect insect physiology, being involved in flight metabolism and neurotransmission. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of artificial diets enriched with either β‐alanine, GABA, or proline on consumption, survival, and hemolymph composition in honey bees belonging to two different ages and with different metabolism (i.e., newly emerged and foragers). Differences in feed intake among diets were not observed, while a diet enriched with β‐alanine improved the survival rate of newly emerged honey bees compared to the control group. Variations in the hemolymph AA concentrations occurred only in newly emerged honey bees, according to the diet and the time of hemolymph sampling. A greater susceptibility of young honey bees to enriched diets than older honey bees was observed. The variations in the concentrations of hemolymph AAs reflect either the accumulation of dietary AAs or the existence of metabolic pathways that may lead to the conversion of dietary AAs into different ones. This investigation could be an initial contribution to studying the complex dynamics that regulate hemolymph AA composition and its effect on honey bee physiology.
The European social model – between crisis and system’s adaptability

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The Author of the article sets as a research goal the diagnosis of the role of the ideological factor and objective structural conditions in the evolution of regulated capitalism on the European continent. In the text the European social model was characterized, the influence of globalisation on the regulated European capitalism was analyzed, the challenges of demography which are posed for the social structures, the job market and social security in Europe were discussed. The Author analysed the changes happening on the European job market since the 1980s in the field of institutional solutions, position of the employee, policy tools for the job market. The convergence and divergence dynamic in the development of the European social policy and the role of the EU institutions in managing the problems of modern Europe were analysed. Finally the influence of the Eurozone’s economic crisis on the EU social policy was diagnosed. In order to operationalise the research, historical and comparative methods will be used as well as institutional analysis and social index analysis.
The Objectives of Islamic Law

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Scholars, thinkers, and activists around the world are paying increasing attention to a legal reform method that promises to revolutionize the way people think about Islamic law. Known as “The Objectives of the Sharī‘a” (maqāṣid al-sharī‘a), the theory offers a way to derive and apply new Islamic laws using an ancient methodology. The theory identifies core objectives that underlie Islamic law, and then looks at inherited Islamic laws to see whether they meet those objectives. According to the maqāṣid theory, historical Islamic laws that meet their objectives should be retained, and those that do not—no matter how entrenched in practice or embedded in texts—should be discarded or reformed. Recently, several scholars have questioned the maqāṣid theory, arguing that it is designed not to reform laws, but to support existing power structures. They warn that adopting the maqāṣid wholesale would set the reform project back, ensuring that inherited Islamic laws are never fully reformed to agree with contemporary values like gender-egalitarianism and universal human rights. The Objectives of Islamic Law: The Promises and Challenges of the Maqāṣid al-Sharī‘acaptures the ongoing debate between proponents and skeptics of the maqāṣid theory. It raises some of the most important issues in Islamic legal debates today, and lays out visions for the future of Islamic law.
Reduced Pyrazinamidase Activity and the Natural Resistance of Mycobacterium kansasii to the Antituberculosis Drug Pyrazinamide

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Pyrazinamide (PZA), an analog of nicotinamide, is a prodrug that requires conversion to the bactericidal compound pyrazinoic acid (POA) by the bacterial pyrazinamidase (PZase) activity of nicotinamidase to show activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis . Mutations leading to a loss of PZase activity cause PZA resistance in M. tuberculosis. M. kansasii is naturally resistant to PZA and has reduced PZase activity along with an apparently detectable nicotinamidase activity. The role of the reduction in PZase activity in the natural PZA resistance of M. kansasii is unknown. The MICs of PZA and POA for M. kansasii were determined to be 500 and 125 μg/ml, respectively. Using [ 14 C]PZA and [ 14 C]nicotinamide, we found that M. kansasii had about 5-fold-less PZase activity and about 25-fold-less nicotinamidase activity than M. tuberculosis . The M. kansasii pncA gene was cloned on a 1.8-kb Bam HI DNA fragment, using M. avium pncA probe. Sequence analysis showed that the M. kansasii pncA gene encoded a protein with homology to its counterparts from M. tuberculosis (69.9%), M. avium (65.6%), and Escherichia coli (28.5%). Transformation of naturally PZA-resistant M. bovis BCG with M. kansasii pncA conferred partial PZA susceptibility. Transformation of M. kansasii with M. avium pncA caused functional expression of PZase and high-level susceptibility to PZA, indicating that the natural PZA resistance in M. kansasii results from a reduced PZase activity. Like M. tuberculosis , M. kansasii accumulated POA in the cells at an acidic pH; however, due to its highly active POA efflux pump, the naturally PZA-resistant species M. smegmatis did not. These findings suggest the existence of a weak POA efflux mechanism in M. kansasii .
Oasis Identities: Uyghur Nationalism Along China's Silk Road

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

List of Illustrations Acknowledgments Introduction 1. Who Are the Uyghurs? 2. Oasis Identities and Cross-Border Influence 3. Local Identities and Turpan Ideologies 4. Social Group Identity in Turpan 5. Uyghur Intellectuals: The Path of the Strong 6. The Future of the Uyghur Past 7. Hey! Uyghur, it is time to awaken. Notes Bibliography Index