jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Coordinated combination of methodologies as the key to success in the teaching of very heterogeneous groups

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

[Abstract:] The International Master in Water Engineering is a Joint Degree offered by the University of A Coruña and the Hochschule Magdeburg-Stendal, which counts with the collaboration of other prestigious international higher education institutions. This context, together with the prestige of its lecturers and the high rates of employability of its graduates, has attracted the interest of students from all over the world and with different educational backgrounds. This success is a source of pride, but also a challenge for the lecturers, who must ensure that very different student profiles acquire the same high quality knowledge (Cohen et al., 1997). The solution chosen by the three lecturers of the subject “Water Treatment and Energy Efficiency”, whose profile is also different, consists of a combination of multiple teaching methodologies that has been carried out in a coordinated and conscious way (Kolesnikova, 2016). There are some initial classes on cultural integration, the difficulty of the topics is progressively increased, these and the lecturers are orderly alternated during the term and both the work in changing small groups and activities inviting students to speak in public are promoted. It is also worth noting the large number of practical lessons in the class (problem resolution), in the laboratory (experiments) and in the field (e.g. sample collection), the numerous practical trips and the involvement in companies of the sector. Following these guidelines, an attendance level of almost 100% as well as very good academic results are achieved. In addition, feedback about the subject and the used methodologies is collected at the end of each term from students and lecturers at both institutions. All these data are the inputs of a self-evaluation model of the teaching quality, which allows the lecturers to detect options/needs for improvement.
EMISSION SPECTRUM OF A HIGH FREQUENCY DISCHARGE IN OXYGEN

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

In a high frequency discharge through flowing oxygen at atmospheric pressure, it was possible, with high dispersing spectrographs, to extend the vibrational and rotational analysis of the Schumann-Runge bands (B 3 - X 3 system) up to 5 700 A. A predissociation at v' = 3 and 4 was observed; the v' = 4 level is strongly predissociated. It seems that there is no predissociation at v' = 5. In the same discharge we observe some new atmospheric bands. Each of the v = + 1 and v = 0 sequences have five bands. A suggestion is made that the excitation of the atmospheric bands is due to an interaction between the X 3 and b 1 states, enhanced at high pressure. (Author)
Super-resolved fluorescence imaging utilising accessible stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (easySTORM) implemented on a low-cost, modular open-source (openFrame) microscope

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Optical super-resolution microscope is a powerful tool for the life sciences, including cell biology and pathology yielding information on, e.g., biological structure and protein distribution in the nano-scale range. In recent years, there has been an exponential rise in the interest to apply super-resolution microscopes in diverse areas, but its wider utility is hindered by the cost of purchasing and maintaining super-resolved microscopes. In this paper we present the implementation of easySTORM, an accessible implementation of stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (STORM) at Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati (IITG), India, in a flexible, user friendly and cost-effective manner using a state-of-the-art, modular, open-source, optical microscope platform called: "openFrame". Providing comparable imaging performance to commercial optical super-resolution microscopes, the openFrame-based implementation of easySTORM uses in-expensive multimode diode lasers and industry grade CMOS cameras, and the open-source and modular nature of the instrument makes it easy to maintain and to upgrade. To demonstrate its successful implementation at IITG, we image quantum dots and actin-tubulin structure in both normal and cancer cells, resolved features separated by a few tens of nanometers. This work demonstrates that openFrame-enabled easySTORM instrumentation can be widely accessible to provide affordable, research grade super-resolution microscopy capability for academic and medical research.&#xD;
Comparison between Dual-Energy-CT perfusion imaging and perfusion-weighted SElf-gated Non-Contrast-Enhanced FUnctional MR imaging of the lung in patients with pulmonary artery embolism

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Pulmonary artery embolism (PE) is a common condition and an even more common clinical suspect. The computed tomography pulmonary angiogram (CTPA) is the main medical imaging tool used to diagnose a suspected case of PE. To gain a better impression of the effects of a PE on the perfusion and hence the gas exchange, a functional imaging method is beneficial. One approach for functional imaging using radiation exposure is the generation of color-coded iodine perfusion maps acquired by Dual-Energy Computed Tomography (DECT), which enable the detection of perfusion defects in the pulmonary parenchyma. In contrast to the existing approach of DECT with iodine color-coded maps, the SElf-gated Non-Contrast-Enhanced FUnctional Lung (SENCEFUL) MRI technique offers the possibility to interpret perfusion maps without any radiation exposure or application of contrast agents. The measurement in SENCEFUL MRI can be performed during conditions of free breathing and without electrocardiogram triggering. The purpose of this study was to determine whether PE can be diagnosed on the basis of visible perfusion defects in the perfusion maps of SENCEFUL MRI and in the iodine-coded maps of DECT and to compare the diagnostic performance of these methods. Both SENCEFUL-MRI and iodine distribution maps from DECT have been compared with the CTPA of ten patients with PE. Additionally, the functional images were compared with each other on a per-patient basis. The iodine perfusion maps of DECT had a sensitivity of 84.2 % and specificity of 65.2 % for the diagnosis of PE. The SENCEFUL technique in MRI showed a sensitivity of 78.9 % and a specificity of 26.1 %. When comparing the whole lung depicted in both series of functional images, the main perfusion defect location matched in four of ten patients (40 %). In conclusion, this work found that DECT iodine maps have higher sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism compared with SENCEFUL MRI.
Curative Bioactivity of Moringa (Moringa Oleifera Lam.) Seed Oil against Callosobruchus Maculatus F. Infested Cowpea (Vigna Unguiculata L. Walp.) Grain in Storage

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Farmers, households as well as grain merchants have to contend with infested stored cowpea grain once attacked by Callosobruchus maculatus (F.). They could be compelled to consume, sale at low economic value or find other way of salvaging the grains from total damage and loss. This paper reports the curative effect of moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam.) seed oil (MSO) in mitigating C. maculatus damage and loss to freshly infested cowpea grains in storage. Ten grams cowpea grains of three varieties (Gwalam, Borno brown, and Banjara) were each weighed into a 200 ml bottle in three replicates for un-treated and four levels of MSO treatments (0.1, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 ml). Three pairs of opposite sex adult C. maculatus 0-48 hrs old were used to infest grains in each replicate. Insects were removed five days after infestation and the number of eggs laid on grains in each replicate counted. MSO treatments were carried out at five and eight days after infestation. The number of adults that emerged was counted daily throughout the first filial generation (F1). All data were subjected to analysis of variance at 5% level of probability. Significantly different means were determined using Least Significant Difference. Results indicated statistical significances (P<0.05) between treated and un-treated infested grains of each variety. This implied that MSO is effective in mitigating C. maculatus damage to cowpea grain in storage. Grains infested with 1-8 days old cowpea bruchid eggs could be salvage from total damage and loss. Control was achieved mainly through ovicidal action and / or adverse effect of the oil on early larval instars thereby reducing and / or eliminating the damaging effect of C. maculatus.
Linking Land Use Choice with Land Access in Nigerian Agrarian Communities

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The article provides overview of land use decisions in the face of numerous bottlenecks within Nigerian agrarian population. Using a case study, the effects of access to land on land use choice were analysed. A stratified random sampling technique was used to select 104 respondents from 13 communities in Odukpani, Nigeria. A logistic regression model was specified to achieve the analyses. The result of the model was preceded by socio-demographic statistics of the study population. It was found that majority (92.3 per cent) of those with access to land had ownership rights, while 7.7 per cent had only land use rights. However, most (68.5 per cent) of them accessed 0.9 or less hectare of land, only 2.2 per cent had access to up to one or more hectare of land. Land was mainly devoted to agriculture in Odukpani. The logistic regression analyses showed that the size of land accessed has no significant effect on how it is used. However, having land ownership right is 0.1641 times likely to favour land use principally for agriculture than only having land use right. Conversely, having only land use right was 1/0.1641 (or 6.0939) times more likely to cause land use for agriculture than having land ownership right. Interestingly, a unit increase in perceived educational constraint increased the probability of land use for agriculture by 10.9133 times. Similarly, access to credit increased the probability of land use for agriculture by 23.5003 times, while short payback period of the loan received had a retarding effect on land use for agriculture by 0.1763 times. Psychometric scale scores showed that the cost of land (3.97), increase in land speculation (3.79) and conflict of interests by landlord (3.75) were the top three perceived constraints to accessing land in the study population. The study recommends agricultural development policies directed in favour of land access and with a view to tackling the identified constraints.
Organizational aspects of e-referrals

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

summary Three different, well established systems for e-referral were examined. They ranged from a system in a single country handling a large number of cases (60,000 per year) to a global system covering many countries which handled fewer cases (150 per year). Nonetheless, there appeared to be a number of common features. Whether the purpose is e-transfer or e-consultation, the underlying model of the e-referral process is: the referrer initiates an e-request; the organization managing the process receives it; the organization allocates it for reply; the responder replies to the initiator. Various things can go wrong and the organization managing the e-referral process needs to be able to track requests through the system; this requires various performance metrics. E-referral can be conducted using email, or as messages passed either directly between computer systems or via a Web-link to a server. The experience of the three systems studied shows that significant changes in work practice are needed to launch an e-referral service successfully. The use of e-referral between primary and secondary care improves access to services and can be shown to be cost-effective.
“Education First” or “Tourism First” — What Influences the Choice of Location for International Exchange Students: Evidence from Poland

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Although the main purpose of international student mobility is to study, it can also be considered a type of tourist activity. The purpose of this study is to identify and profile international exchange students by their attitudes toward education and traveling during their exchange programmes. This study adds to the literature in the field of "study abroad programmes" in three important ways. First, this study focuses on incoming students, whereas the vast majority of studies on study abroad/exchange students focus solely on the outgoing community. Second, this study describes two types of international exchange students, identified based on their attitudes toward "education first" and "tourism first." Finally, it identifies the predictor variables that significantly distinguish between international exchange students' preferences for "education first" or "tourism first." Finally, the combination of these three factors offers a unique perspective on a student population and on constructs that have received very little focus in research published to date. The study found that these students were motivated by "tourism first" rather than pursuing study goals in foreign countries and this decision was based on factors such as personal savings, anticipated duration of study in Poland and the student's home country.
Interspecific interactions regulate plant reproductive allometry in cereal-legume intercropping systems

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

1. Calls for the application of ecological principles in agriculture have gained momentum. Intercropping systems are designed by growing two, or more, annual crop species in the same field, aiming for a better resource use efficiency. However, assembly rules for their design are lacking. Notably, it is unknown whether species performances are maximized during both the vegetative and reproductive phases given the sensitivity of reproductive allocation rules to resource limitation. Interestingly, ecological theory provides expectations regarding putative invariance of plant reproductive allometry (PRA) under non-limiting conditions for plant growth. Here we examined whether and how PRA changes in response to plant-plant interactions in intercropping systems, which can inform both ecological theory and the understanding of the functioning of intercropping systems. 2. We analyzed a dataset of 28 field cereal-legume intercropping trials from various climatic and management conditions across Western Europe. PRA was quantified in both mixing and single-species situations. 3. PRA was positively impacted in specific management conditions, leading to a greater increase in yield for a given increase in plant size. Variations in PRA were more beneficial for legumes grown in unfertilized mixtures, which explains their use as a key component in actual intercropping systems. The response for cereals was similar but less pronounced in magnitude, and was greater under resource limiting conditions. Focusing on intercropping conditions, hierarchical competition (indicated by biomass difference between intercropped species) appears as a strong driver of the reproductive output of a given species. 4. Synthesis and applications. PRA behaves in crop species in the same way as it does in wild species. However, contrary to theoretical expectations about an overall invariance of PRA, we highlighted taxon-specific and context-dependent effects of plant-plant interactions on PRA. This systematic deviation to PRA expectations could be leveraged to cultivate each species up to its reproductive optimum while accounting for the performance of the other, whether farmer’s objective is to favor one species or to reach an equilibrium in seed production. Sowing density and cultivar choice could regulate the biomass of each component, with specific targets derived from allometric relationships, aiming for an optimal reproductive allocation in mixtures.21-Jul-2021
Viscosity optimisation of photosensitive al2o3 slurry for stereolithography based additive manufacturing

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Viscosity of alumina slurry is a key factor affecting the quality of ceramics formed by stereo photolithography, but it is closely related to the resin distribution ratio, dispersant content, plasticizer content and solid content. Most researchers utilize the single factor method to study the composition and ratio of the slurry. In this study, orthogonal experimental design and back propagation artificial neural networks methods were combined to solve the optimisation problem of multi-objective and multi-factor influence on alumina slurry performances. The results of optimal composition and content allocation were achieved by back propagation artificial neural networks and experimental testing. It was shown that the optimal conditions are: resin composition HDDA : PPTTA = 4 : 1, DS-165A dispersant content of 3.86wt.%, PEG plasticiser amount of 3.5wt.% and the solid content of 75.74wt.%. The predicted optimal viscosity value was 8787mPa?s and the shrinkage rate could reach 14.57%. The optimal values of viscosity and shrinkage were consistent with the experimental results, the viscosity and shrinkage errors were only 4.06% and 3.856%, respectively. The average density and bending strength of the sintered samples were 3.979 ? 0.005 g/cm3 and 365 ? 61MPa, respectively. According to the obtained data, stereolithography 3D printing alumina slurry with excellent flowability and low shrinkage was successfully prepared.
Chlamydia pneumoniae Seropositivity in the Iranian Patients with the Skin Inflammatory Disorder of Rosacea

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Rosacea is a skin chronic inflammation with an unknown cause and cure. Environmental and genetic factors could not entirely explain the disease pathogenesis. Recently, infections like Chlamydia pneumoniae are of more attention in the rosacea progression. This study investigated the relationship between the C. pneumoniae seropositivity and the rosacea disorder. Materials and Methods: We aimed at a cohort of 100 patients with the rosacea disorder (60 active and 40 inactive) and from 100 sex- and age-matched healthy controls in Isfahan and determined the immunoglobulin M (IgM)/IgG antibodies titers to C. pneumoniae in the serum using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. The groups were compared using the analysis of variance procedure at the significant level of P < 0.05, statistically. Results: The mean of IgG in the controls was significantly higher than the levels in both the active and the inactive rosacea patients ( p < 0.022). Also, the titer of serum IgM to C. pneumoniae in the controls was different, compared with the active ( p < 0.019) and the inactive ( p < 0.02) rosacea patients. In addition, the median titer of serum IgG (not IgM) to C. pneumoniae in the females with the inactive rosacea disorder was lower than the active rosacea disorder ( p < 0.019) and controls women ( p < 0.008). Furthermore, the serum level of IgG or IgM to C. pneumoniae in the controls males was higher than the males with the rosacea disorder ( p < 0.05) and ( p < 0.02), alternatively. Conclusion: C. pneumoniae seropositivity in the rosacea patients and controls was insignificant.
Improvement of surgical treatment of patients with critical ischemia of the lower extremities

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: The choice of tactics of surgical treatment in patients with lesions of the femoral-popliteal-tibial segment with the CILE is the actual problem, which is far from being solved. Aim of the study was to found improved treatment of patients with critical ischemia of the lower extremities by improving the surgical approach.Methods: 79 patients with critical ischemia of the lower extremities with lesions of the carotid and coronary arteries were observed and surveyed. To determine the tactics of treatment of these patients, we used non-invasive methods of imaging vessels, and only with probable therapeutic purposes used the contrasting of the vessels.Results: The used treatment allowed reducing the number of complications to a minimum. Among observable patients, in one case was determined acute myocardial infarction. 19 (24%) patients with stenosis and CILE managed to achieve regress of clinical manifestations of lower limb ischemia with medical therapy. In 12 (63.1%) patients were completed the installation of long catheter for intra-arterial catheter therapy, after that we performed carotid endarterectomy. Of these, 9 (47.3%) patients at 7 days underwent reconstructive operations on arteries of the lower extremities. In 5 (26.3%) patients after carotid endarterectomy, endovascular interventions implemented at ALE.Conclusions: The suggested diagnostic low and stages of surgical interventions significantly increase the detection of associated lesions of other arterial basins and expands the indications for surgical treatment with the use of combined interventions.
Species’ variety of ephitipical lichens as an indicational sign of humain influence on forest ecosistems of steppe zone

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Species’ variety of ephitipical lichens in different kinds of man-made plants of forests’ ecosistems in steppe zone of south Russia is represented at the article. The dinamic of appearence of ephitipical lichens at the different stadies of forest’s development was watched. On the base on found speciesindificators the works were held in Novocherkassk, Rostov district.