jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Comparative and Superlative Quantifiers: Pragmatic Effects of Comparison Type

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

It has historically been assumed that comparative ('more than', 'fewer/less than') and superlative ('at most', 'at least') quantifiers can be semantically analysed in accordance with their core logical–mathematical properties. However, recent theoretical and experimental work has cast doubt on the validity of this assumption. Geurts & Nouwen (2007) have claimed that superlative quantifiers possess an additional modal component in their semantics that is absent from comparative quantifiers and that this accounts for the previously neglected differences in usage and interpretation between the two types of quantifier that they identify. Their semantically modal hypothesis has received additional support from empirical investigations. In this article, we further corroborate that superlative quantifiers have additional modal interpretations. However, we propose an alternative analysis, whereby these quantifiers possess the semantics postulated by the classical model and the additional aspects of meaning arise as a consequence of psychological complexity and pragmatic implicature. We explain how this model is consistent with the existing empirical findings. Additionally, we present the findings of four novel experiments that support our model above the semantically modal account.
Angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibition with LCZ696: a novel approach for the treatment of heart failure

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The natriuretic peptide system exerts beneficial cardiorenal effects in chronic heart failure, whereas activation of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system exerts opposing and deleterious effects. LCZ696, a first-in-class angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitor, targets both neurohormonal systems by inhibiting neprilysin, which prevents natriuretic peptide degradation, while concomitantly blocking the angiotensin (AT1) receptor. In clinical studies of patients with chronic heart failure with reduced and preserved left ventricular ejection fraction, LCZ696 has been shown to improve biomarkers of cardiorenal function. The effects of LCZ696 on cardiovascular outcomes and survival in patients with heart failure are currently being investigated.
CORRELATES OF MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER AND HEALTH CARE UTILIZATION AMONG PATIENTS WITH SICKLE CELL DISEASE.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND: The comorbidity between major depressive disorder (MDD) and sickle cell disease (SCD) has been documented in numerous literature sources, and there have been reports of an increase in both urgent and non-urgent healthcare utilization among individuals with both conditions compared to those with either of the conditions alone. AIM: To determine the correlates of major depressive disorder and health care utilization among patients with sickle cell disease MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was conducted at the Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital (UDUTH) in Sokoto and involved SCD patients. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to gather data on sociodemographic, clinical, and healthcare utilization variables, at the same time the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview-7 (MINI) were employed to screen and diagnose MDD, respectively. RESULTS: SCD patients with comorbid MDD reported significantly more visits to primary care physicians (P = 0.041), underwent more laboratory tests (P = 0.007), received fewer prescribed medications (P = 0.004), and had more visits to other hospitals (P = 0.005). However, no significant association was found with hospitalization (P = 0.476), daycare visits (P = 0.102), or emergency department visits (P = 0.315). CONCLUSION: This study showed that comorbid SCD and MDD are associated with an increase in non-urgent healthcare utilization, such as outpatient visits, but did not find an increase in urgent healthcare utilization, including acute hospitalizations and emergency admissions.
The Leaders New Work: Building Learning Organizations

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Over the past two years, business academics and senior managers have begun talking about the notion of the learning organization. Ray Stata of Analog Devices put the idea succinctly in these pages last spring: "The rate at which organizations learn may become the only sustainable source of competitive advantage." And in late May of this year, at an MIT-sponsored conference entitled "Transforming Organizations," two questions arose again and again: How can we build organizations in which continuous learning occurs? and, What kind of person can best lead the learning organization?. This article, based on Senge's recently published book, The Fifth Discipline: The Art and Practice of the Learning Organization, begins to chart this new territory, describing new roles, skills, and tools for leaders who wish to develop learning organizations.
Poster: A Procedure for Testing Applications Through Cloud Computing Elasticity

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Applications that are exposed to fluctuating workloads must ensure elasticity, that is the ability to scale up and down rapidly to meet the demand. Cloud infrastructures provide adaptation tasks, which allow applications to automatically scale up and down straightforwardly. These adaptation tasks drive the system to new states, which may expose implementation errors and therefore must be tested. In this paper, we focus on testing elastic applications during different elasticity-related states. This test is difficult since the elasticity states are not directly controlled by the tester. To execute the test at different elasticity-related states, we propose a controlled testing procedure. This procedure consists in controlling the leading of applications through the required elasticity states, while they are tested accordingly. To test the application, we identify the elasticity states at real time, and in parallel, we execute the state-related tests. We validate our testing procedure by performing experiments on Amazon EC2. In the experiments, we successfully lead an application through the required elasticity states, and identify non-functional errors.
2022/2023 Caleb University, Lagos (Post-utme/Admission Forms) Direct Entry Form Out Call (08029973136 or +2348029973136 )TO APPLY POST-UTME,DE FORM Numerous definitions of education have been suggested by theorists belonging to diverse fields

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

2022/2023 Caleb University, Lagos (Post-utme/Admission Forms) Direct Entry Form Out Call (08029973136 or +2348029973136 )TO APPLY POST-UTME,DE FORM Numerous definitions of education have been suggested by theorists belonging to diverse fields
Dreams, justice and spectrality in Rêver peutêtre (Perchance to Dream) by Jean-Claude Grumberg

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In Jean-Claude Grumberg's 1998 play Rêver peut-être (Perchance to Dream), an actor rehearsing Hamlet suddenly faces accusations of murder, but not any murder, one he allegedly committed in his dreams. When questioned by a judge, the protagonist Gérard B. is unable to recall the name of his alleged victim. As a result, he faces a Kafkaesque trial in which his dreams are scrutinised to determine his humanity/inhumanity. Drawing on the notion of 'souvenir-fantôme' or 'phantom-memory' developed by French philosopher Henry Bergson, which refers to a type of buried memory only available in dreams, this chapter investigates the links between dreams, memory, history and spectrality. In Bergson's philosophical model of the dream, the dream is associated with a widening of perception, allowing what remains otherwise hidden in waking life to become visible. Such a model proves highly pertinent for elucidating the dynamics at play in Rêver peut-être: as I demonstrate, it is in his dreams that Gérard is able to perceive what he had so far refused to see in waking life, namely that the spectral presence haunting his dreams is his father who was deported when he was an infant in Vichy France. Banished from waking life by concentrationary forces, the spectres, or unmourned victims of atrocities, find refuge in the oneiric realm. The act of dreaming thus ultimately becomes a subversive, rebellious act alluding to the tension between law and the kind of justice that is demanded by the spectre.
Cooking with Bimby in a moment of recruitment: Exploring conventions and practice perspectives

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Every two minutes, one Bimby is sold somewhere in the world. This multi-food processor (also known as Thermomix) has gained wide sales success in many southern European countries and promises to revolutionize the way people cook, learn about cooking, coordinate and plan food practices at home. In a period where debates about cooking skills are paradoxical; some voices concerned with deskilling, while others enhance the visibility of cooking education in the media, this domestic technology is heralded as a ‘magic’ gadget that turns dreadful cooks into notable ‘chefs’. This processor cannot be purchased in shops; it is being directly sold by salespersons that make a demonstration in future clients’ houses. These are usually social events where the host invites friends and family for a free meal swiftly produced by Bimby under the demonstrator’s supervision. Demonstrators can be seen as cultural intermediaries both marketing the product and conveying normative and symbolic messages about cooking, and also instructing on technology use. The event mixes economic, social and cultural elements, and offers a good illustration of the cultural economy workings operating in it. Based upon a case study of a demonstration — seen as a moment of recruitment of new cooking practitioners — the article examines issues around cooking competence informed by theories of practice (Shove and Pantzar, 2005; Shove et al., 2007) and conventions theory (Boltanski and Thévenot, 2006 [1991]; Thévenot, 2006). It is suggested that bringing a conventions together with a practice perspective offers up the possibility of developing a distinctly sociological account to analyse cooking competences in particular, and practices more generally.
Santa Orosia: a Thaumaturgic Saint

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Windy Jaca, up on its terrace, its back to the snowy Colorado, is especially connected with that disastrous forerunner of the Spanish revolution, which coming to premature birth ended in premature death. We may see there the Street of the Martyrs, renamed by a Republic, born after all without bloodshed, in memory of its first blood sacrifice. Yet in spite of its rather red modernity, little Jaca still cherishes rags and tatters of tradition, and up there on its chilly height a local thaumaturgical goddess holds as much sway as she would in Andalusia. On the 25th of June the town celebrates its feast in honour of Santa Orosia. That is the moment to see the old Jaca behaving as it did before its seventeen towers came down, and its encircling walls were laid flat.
Artificial Nanofluidic Iontronic Retina

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract

Biological vision acquires external information through light-induced transmembrane ion transport, generating electrical impulses. While reproducing biological visual function is highly significant, mimicking the retina with dual photoreceptor and photosynaptic functions via light-modulated ion transport remains a challenge. Herein, we present a bioinspired light-regulated nanofluidic iontronic device that can mimic biological retina functionalities, realized through an engineered carbon nanotube and molybdenum disulfide (CNT/MoS2) heterostructure. This bioinspired device combines two key functionalities of retina—photoreceptor-like optical sensing and photosynaptic signal processing—with dynamically adjustable polarity-switching behavior, achieved via bias voltage–modulated transient photoresponse speeds. Both theoretical and experimental results prove that light-modulated ion transport originates from the heterointerface-induced asymmetric photovoltage generation across CNT/MoS2 nanotube. Furthermore, we demonstrate its implementation for both accurate orientation recognition and reliable fingerprint detection under varying incident light angles. The device's bidirectional photoresponsiveness highlights its unique advantages for adaptive visual simulation systems.
The Implementation of Directive 95/46/EC in Spain

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Article 18.4 of the General Constitution of Spain states that 'the law shall restrict the use of informatics in order to protect the honour and the personal and family privacy of Spanish citizens, as well as the full exercise of their rights'. This provision was further developed by Organic Law 5/1992 on the Regulation of the Automatic Processing of Personal Data, published on 31 October 1992 in the Boletin Oficial del Estado. This law was amended by the Organic Law 15/1999 on the Protection of Personal Data (the Organic Law), published on 14 December 1999 in the Boletin Oficial. The latter is the applicable law that implements Directive 95/46/EC into Spanish law. The Royal Decree concerning clinical trials and Law 4112002 states that the utilization of clinical documentation for research purposes must respect Law 15/99. The chapter also outlines the penalties for breaching the principles of data protection.
Vancomycin Clearance in High-Volume Venovenous Hemofiltration

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

OBJECTIVE To report the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of vancomycin in 4 patients undergoing high-volume continuous venovenous hemofiltration (CVVH). CASE SUMMARY Data from 4 patients prescribed high-volume CVVH for acute renal failure treated with vancomycin were analyzed. Vancomycin plasma concentrations were measured 4 and 24 hours after the end of a 1-hour vancomycin infusion. The mean therapy fluid rate on initiation of vancomycin was 56.2 mL/kg/h (range 48.0–65.5). The mean loading dose of vancomycin was 18.3 mg/kg (range 14.7–19.7). Median vancomycin concentration 4 hours after the dose was 18.1 mg/L (range 13.1–30.0). At 24 hours after the dose, only 1 patient had a detectable vancomycin concentration (5.2 mg/L). DISCUSSION There was a large variability in the clearance of vancomycin in this patient population. Current strategies for dosing vancomycin may lead to subtherapeutic trough concentrations. Vancomycin dosing in this patient population should be based on a detailed assessment of the CVVH prescription, vancomycin concentrations, and clinical needs and response. CONCLUSIONS An initial vancomycin dose of 20–25 mg/kg with frequent monitoring and adjustment is recommended for patients receiving high-volume CVVH.
Microelectrode study of intracellular pH in frog skin: dependence on serosal Cl/sup -/

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Replacing external Cl/sup -/ reduces Na/sup +/ transport across frog skin, but the sidedness and mechanisms have been unclear. We have monitored current (l/sub T/), resistance (R/sub T/) and basolateral membrane potential, both with reference micropipettes (psi/sup sc/) and pH-selective microelectrodes (E/sub H//sup sc/), in short-circuited epithelial sheets isolated from frog skins; removal of the dermis facilitates basolateral exchange. Intracellular pH was 7.25 +- 0.03 (mean +- SE) when the pH of the external Cl/sup -/ Ringer's solution was 7.60 +- 0.01, in reasonable agreement with estimates from /sup 31/P and /sup 19/F NMR analyses. Complete mucosal replacement of Cl/sup -/ by gluconate had variable effects on l/sub T/ and R/sub T/. However, serosal Cl/sup -/ substitution uniformly increased R/sub T/ and markedly decreased l/sub T/, absolute value phi/sup sc/ and absolute value E/sub A//sup sc/. The membrane depolarization was usually preceded by a small hyperpolarization (0.5-3.5 mV). The serosal Cl/sup -/ replacement also produced an intracellular alkalinization of 0.4 +- 0.1 U. These data suggest that: (1) serosal Cl/sup -/ substitution alkalinizes the cells by either enhancing HCO/sup -/ entry or blocking HCO/sup -/ loss through a basolateral Cl/HCO antiport, and (2) the fall in absolute value phi/sup sc/more » and l/sub T/ may partly reflect inhibition of apical Na/sup +/ entry, produced indirectly by membrane depolarization resulting from altered basolateral ionic conductances.« less
Presence of a Late Pleistocene Drainage System Manifested through Depredation of Red Pine by Gremmeniella Abietina

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Residual beaches and terraces, results of wave action and sorting of glacial till at the margins of glacial and postglacial lakes prevail in the Great Lakes area of the Canadian Precambrian Shield. Relict drainage systems were identified on 2 such terraces by virtue of their dendritic pattern, gradient and relationship to the erosion sequence of an adjacent river. These minor topographic indentations became apparent through selective depredation by a fungus pathogen of pines planted within the troughs. The relict fluvial system now functions as a cold air damage system, concentrating and directing airborne spores of the pathogen. Surviving trees outline the troughs, serving as biological indicators of trough positions.
Small Chemicals of Trauma: Epigenetics as Colonial Unknowing

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In Australia, some Indigenous and non-Indigenous scientists, health workers, psychologists, and others have identified a resonance between epigenetics and Indigenous scholarship on intergenerational trauma. Epigenetics is a postgenomic science that seeks to demonstrate how environments can “get under the skin” to shape health outcomes by altering gene expression. Intergenerational trauma is a similar concept, as it describes how past harms such as colonial policies can make themselves felt in the present. Using ethnographic data from interviews with researchers across Australia and observations from scientific conferences, this article critically examines how the normative tools of epigenetic studies are increasingly positioned by scientists as the route to a valuable form of evidence for addressing intergenerational trauma and health injustice. Through the frame of “colonial unknowing,” we argue that the settler state functions by valuing certain forms of evidence of trauma over others; namely, epigenetics is positioned as offering objective scientific evidence seen as more valuable than narrative testimony and evidence rooted in Indigenous ontologies, thereby displacing prior knowledges of how trauma is embodied and enrolling communities into conditions of perpetual rediscovery. While many participants reject epigenetic knowledge production outright for this reason, we explore how others strategically engage with it in the present while simultaneously challenging its growing epistemic power and future promise.
Rh glycoprotein immunoreactivity in the skin and its role in extrabranchial ammonia excretion by the sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) in fresh water

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Aquatic organisms employ various strategies to excrete ammonia across the gills, skin, and (or) renal routes. During three different stages of their life cycle, we hypothesized that the basal vertebrate sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus L., 1758) used the skin as a route for ammonia excretion. Measurements of ammonia excretion using divided flux chambers revealed that extrabranchial sites (skin plus renal) of ammonia excretion were quantitatively more important in larval sea lampreys, but following metamorphosis, the gills became the dominant route of excretion in juvenile sea lampreys. Despite the greater relative importance of the skin in the larval stage, Rh glycoprotein isoforms Rhbg, Rhcg1, and Rhcg2 were detected in the skin in all three sea lamprey life stages examined, but the patterns of expression were dependent on the life stage. We conclude that, during the relatively sedentary filter-feeding larval stage, extrabranchial routes play an equally important role as the gill in facilitating ammonia excretion. However, the gills by virtue of their extensive branchial vasculature become the dominant route of ammonia excretion following metamorphosis because of the need to offload greater amounts of ammonia arising from higher rates of basal ammonia production and the potential to excrete higher amounts of ammonia following ingestion of protein-rich blood in the parasitic stage.
Data from Platinum Sensitivity–Related Germline Polymorphism Discovered via a Cell-Based Approach and Analysis of Its Association with Outcome in Ovarian Cancer Patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<div>Abstract<p><b>Purpose:</b> Cell-based approaches were used to identify genetic markers predictive of patients' risk for poor response prior to chemotherapy.</p><p><b>Experimental Design:</b> We conducted genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to identify single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) associated with cellular sensitivity to carboplatin through their effects on mRNA expression using International HapMap lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCL) and replicated them in additional LCLs. SNPs passing both stages of the cell-based study were tested for association with progression-free survival (PFS) in patients. Phase 1 validation was based on 377 ovarian cancer patients receiving at least four cycles of carboplatin and paclitaxel from the Australian Ovarian Cancer Study (AOCS). Positive associations were then assessed in phase 2 validation analysis of 1,326 patients from the Ovarian Cancer Association Consortium and The Cancer Genome Atlas.</p><p><b>Results:</b> In the initial GWAS, 342 SNPs were associated with carboplatin-induced cytotoxicity, of which 18 unique SNPs were retained after assessing their association with gene expression. One SNP (rs1649942) was replicated in an independent LCL set (Bonferroni adjusted <i>P</i> < 0.05). It was found to be significantly associated with decreased PFS in phase 1 AOCS patients (<i>P</i><sub>per-allele</sub> = 2 × 10<sup>−2</sup>), with a stronger effect in the subset of women with optimally debulked tumors (<i>P</i><sub>per-allele</sub> = 4 × 10<sup>−3</sup>). rs1649942 was also associated with poorer overall survival in women with optimally debulked tumors (<i>P</i><sub>per-allele</sub> = 9 × 10<sup>−3</sup>). However, this SNP was not significant in phase 2 validation analysis with patients from numerous cohorts.</p><p><b>Conclusion:</b> This study shows the potential of cell-based, genome-wide approaches to identify germline predictors of treatment outcome and highlights the need for extensive validation in patients to assess their clinical effect. <i>Clin Cancer Res; 17(16); 5490–500. ©2011 AACR</i>.</p></div>