jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
[Serological studies in wild boars in the Veluwe area].

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

In the second part of 1994, blood samples from 115 wild swine are tested for gE-antibodies to Aujeszky Disease Virus. Three of the blood samples reacted positive. The tests for Classical Swine Fever and for Swine Vesicular Disease were negative in all samples. Perhaps the wild swine do not form a source of infection to the surrounding area with regard to these viral diseases but they may play a role as indicator for circulating viruses in the surrounding area.
"I am a shame..." A qualitative field study of the prevalence of teenage pregnancy within two Burundian refugee camps in Tanzania

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Evidence points to that the prevalence of teenage pregnancies is higher within refugee camps than elsewhere. Yet little research attention has been given the subject of teenage pregnancy within refugee situations where the numbers are steadily increasing, an area that therefore needs to be explored further. This thesis is based on a qualitative field study conducted within two Burundian refugee camps in Tanzania, Nduta and Kanembwa. Semi structured interviews were conducted with both teen mothers and Non Governmental Organizations (NGOs) and Bloc leader with knowledge in the area in order to investigate the reasons for and implications of teenage pregnancy within a refugee setting. The research question is why the prevalence of teenage pregnancy is higher within a refugee context. And what can be done to empower young mothers with the knowledge and skills to protect themselves and to successfully claim their reproductive and sexual rights? The findings of the study points to that similar factors contributing to teenage pregnancy such as education, culture, poverty and unstable family relations are also applicable in a refugee situation. Conditions within refugee camps are however more extreme and the prevalence are therefore higher than in other settings. Taking a Liberal feminist standpoint based on the ideas of Amartyra Sen (1999) it is argued that the empowerment of women’s free agency and wellbeing is the key to a decline in fertility rate amongst teen mothers in refugee camps. Thus it follows that if women are to successfully claim their sexual and reproductive rights more efforts needs to be made in promoting the inclusion of women into educational and vocational activities.
The Internet and Social Life

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The Internet is the latest in a series of technological breakthroughs in interpersonal communication, following the telegraph, telephone, radio, and television. It combines innovative features of its predecessors, such as bridging great distances and reaching a mass audience. However, the Internet has novel features as well, most critically the relative anonymity afforded to users and the provision of group venues in which to meet others with similar interests and values. We place the Internet in its historical context, and then examine the effects of Internet use on the user's psychological well-being, the formation and maintenance of personal relationships, group memberships and social identity, the workplace, and community involvement. The evidence suggests that while these effects are largely dependent on the particular goals that users bring to the interaction—such as self-expression, affiliation, or competition—they also interact in important ways with the unique qualities of the Internet communication situation.
Altered expression of protein kinase C, lck, and CD45 in a 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-dependent leukemic T-cell variant that expresses a high level of interleukin-2 receptor.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The compound 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) is extremely toxic to the P13 subclone of the Jurkat human T-cell leukemia line. By selecting for growth in the presence of TPA, we have isolated two TPA-resistant variants of these cells, P13-50 and P13-5/A8. Studies of protein kinase C (PKC) enzyme activity, immunoblot analyses, and assays for PKC mRNAs indicate that both of these variants express lower levels of PKC than do the parental P13 cells. We suggest that this protects them from the toxic effects of TPA. The P13-5/A8 cells are of particular interest because not only are they resistant to TPA toxicity but they actually require TPA for optimal growth. These cells have a more profound decrease in PKC expression that do P13-50 cells. In addition, P13-5/A8 cells display very little, if any, surface expression of CD45, a receptor-linked tyrosine protein phosphatase, and lck, a lymphocyte-specific tyrosine kinase. On the other hand, they express a very high level of interleukin-2 receptor. A model is proposed that suggests that these cells are dependent on TPA because they have defects in both the PKC and tyrosine kinase signal transduction pathways, and that TPA compensates for these defects by providing a strong stimulus to the residual level of PKC. This variant may be useful for studying the interactions between tyrosine kinase and PKC pathways in controlling the various functions of T lymphocytes.
Personalized dosimetry protocol for the optimization of lutetium-177 DOTATATE radionuclide therapy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Targeted radionuclide therapy has been shown to be one of the most effective treatment options for metastatic neuroendocrine tumours (NETs). In particular, peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) with Lutetium-177 (¹⁷⁷Lu) labeled DOTATATE results in significantly improved tumour control, while only low to moderate normal tissue toxicity. There is growing evidence that the efficacy of this treatment can be further improved by performing personalized administration of radiopharmaceutical. However, since the dosimetry for PRRT is usually considered challenging, traditionally NET patients are treated with same or very similar amounts of ¹⁷⁷Lu DOTATATE. The objective of this thesis was to propose a simple, yet accurate dosimetry protocol, which could be easily implemented in clinics for the optimization of radionuclide therapy. To achieve this aim, the following questions, related to the image-based dose calculation, were investigated: The performance of the camera calibration method, using simple planar scans, was compared to that obtained from tomographic acquisitions. To assess the quantitative accuracy of commercial SPECT reconstruction software (Siemens Flash3D), a number of phantom experiments with different photon attenuation conditions were performed. The influence of camera dead-time correction on the estimated dose was investigated. The kidney doses obtained from four time-activity curve creation methods, obtained using three data points, were compared. In order to simplify the dosimetry, the accuracy of dose estimated based on two data points, or even potentially one data point, was evaluated. Our results show that the gamma camera can be accurately calibrated with planar scan of a point-like source. When Siemens Flash3D reconstruction was used, the errors of ¹⁷⁷Lu activity quantification in objects with large volumes (>100mL) was about 5%. Dead-time correction was found to have no impact on the estimated dose. Kidney doses estimated based on single data point measured at 48-72 hours produced small errors (<10%) for the majority of patients, thus could be recommended for clinical use. This single data point method can also be applied to other organs/therapies, as long as the organs’ bio-kinetics can be described by a monoexponential function and the statistical behavior of the population effective half-lives for these organs have been estimated.
Rifampicin-induced thrombocytopenia

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Summary Rifampicin occasionally causes thrombocytopenia when given as part of an intermittent regimen. A case is reported of severe thrombocytopenia developing after one dose of rifampicin, following a 4-month gap in daily therapy. The literature on rifampicin-induced thrombocytopenia is reviewed.
Arius revisited: the firstborn over all creation (Colossians 1:15)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Briefly stated, I hold that Col. 1: 15-20 is a hymnic composition entirely of Pauline authorship. The primary argument, in support of this position is that the theology contained therein is so compatible with and adducible from uncontestably Pauline thought, that the best hypothesis is also the simplest: Paul is the author.
Six-year clinical and angiographic follow-up of patients with previously documented complete revascularization.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Relatively little information is available concerning the late clinical and angiographic status of patients with initially successful coronary bypass surgery. From 72 patients who had angiography 1 year after bypass surgery, we restudied at 6 years 19 patients with complete revascularization. At 1 year, 14 patients were asymptomatic and five had minimal anginal symptoms. Five years later, eight patients had redeveloped angina, and 11 retained their initial postoperative status. Overall graft patency at 6 years was 86%; 52% of the patients had atherosclerotic progression to > or = 70% luminal narrowing in a major unbypassed vessel or in a major vessel distal to bypass. The patients with unchanged symptoms all had patent grafts, while 11 of the 15 (73%) grafts were patent in patients with symptomatic deterioration (NS). However, progression of coronary disease occurred in seven of eight patients (88%) with worsened symptoms, as opposed to three of 11 patients with unchanged symptoms (P < 0.05). We conclude that late symptomatic deterioration following coronary bypass surgery is common, and that it usually reflects progression of coronary artery disease.
Mixed-method investigation of health consumers’ perception and experience of participation in patient safety activities

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objectives This study aimed to examine the factors influencing patient safety behaviours and to explore health customers’ experiences of patient participation in the healthcare system. Design A mixed-method sequential explanatory design was employed using a survey and focus group interviews with health consumers. Setting The study was conducted in South Korea using an online survey tool. Participants Survey data were collected from 493 Korean adults, aged 19 years or older, who had visited hospitals within the most recent 1 year. Focus group interviews were conducted in two groups of six participants each among those of the survey participants who agreed to participate in focus groups. Main outcome measures The survey measured the recognition of the importance of participation, extent of willingness to participate and experience of engaging in patient safety activities using a 4-point Likert scale. Qualitative data were collected through focus group interviews to explore health consumers’ experience of patient participation in hospital care, and the data were analysed using content analysis. Results The average score for experience of participation in patient safety behaviours (2.13±0.63) was found to be lower than those of recognition of the importance of participation (3.27±0.51) and willingness to participate (2.62±0.52). By integrating the results of the quantitative and qualitative data analysis, the factors associated with the experience of engaging in healthcare behaviour included patient-related factors, illness-related factors, factors involving relationship between patients and healthcare providers, and healthcare environment factors. Conclusions To improve patient participation, it is necessary to create a healthcare environment in which patients can speak comfortably and to provide an education programme reflecting the patients’ needs. Also, healthcare providers must consider patients as partners for patient safety. Shared decision-making procedures and patient-centred care and patient safety policies should be established in hospitals.
Evaluating Anti-TNF-Alpha Therapy in Patients with Relapsed and Refractory Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Purpose: Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) is produced in Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) lesions and is elevated in active high-risk vs low-risk LCH vs control patient blood, where TNF-alpha has been reported at 12 pg/ml in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA). Anti-TNF therapeutic etanercept is used in TNF-mediated diseases, such as JRA, and was successfully used in one case of LCH. We therefore conducted phase II study for etanercept therapeutic efficacy for refractory or relapsed LCH patients. Methods: Luminex platform was used to assess patient blood TNF-alpha level. This phase II study was approved by the Baylor College of Medicine IRB with research support from Amgen/Immunex. Eligibility included LCH patients with progressive disease post-initial treatment and ≥1 salvage therapy. Etanercept was injected 0.4mg/kg subcutaneously twice/week for 12 weeks. Therapeutic response were evaluated at 4 and 8 weeks. Results: TNF-alpha is elevated in blood LCH high-risk (average 45pg/ml) vs low-risk (average 13pg/ml) vs control (average 13pg/ml). Five LCH patients (1.6-42 years) with multi-system involvement, 2 with high-risk disease were enrolled. A median of 5 doses of etanercept were administered (range 1-14). One high-risk patient died 18 days after the first dose from disease progression. At week 4 evaluation, one patient had stable disease and 3 progressed and all subjects progressed by week 8. Ultimately 0/5 patients had disease improvement with etanercept. Conclusion: Etanercept therapy, at JRA-effective dose, in this trial did not improve LCH disease. It is possible that this may not be an effective strategy. Alternatively, it is also possible that drug dose or distribution was suboptimal. While anti-TNF therapies, including etanercept, are effective for treatment of RA, etanercept is not effective for granulomatous diseases such as Crohn's, sarcoidosis or Wegner's disease. Additional studies exploring potential efficacy of higher dose or alternative forms of TNF-alpha inhibition in LCH may be warranted. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Multiple emission distribution of secondary electrons from metals

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Measurements have been made on the statistical distribution of multiple emission of secondary electrons produced by bombarding Cu, Ag, Pt and Au targets with electrons having energies in the range 60-960 ev. A comparison between the experimental distributions and the corresponding Poissonian distributions, made by comparing their second-order moments, suggests that these distributions, although similar, are different. Some speculative comments are given on how the difference might arise. The possibility of describing it empirically with the use of combinatorial moments is suggested.
The Modern University as a Driver of Economic Growth

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This article analyzes the modern university as a driver of economic growth within the framework of the concept of university 3.0 (education, research, and the commercialization of knowledge). It is shown how university 3.0 is becoming the basis for the global competitiveness of national economies and supranational associations, and how its entrepreneurial ecosystem forms new, fast-growing industries, promising technological markets, and leading administrative-territorial spaces.
National Flood Insurance Program: Background, Challenges, and Financial Status

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In 1968, Congress created the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) to address the increasing costs of taxpayer-funded disaster relief for flood victims and the increasing amount of damage caused by floods. This report provides an analysis of the NFIP and its financial status; summarizes the major challenges facing the program, including issues affecting its long-term financial solvency; presents some alternative approaches for managing and financing the flood losses; and describes pending legislation on this issue.
Two-Year Study of Emotion and Communication Patterns in a Highly Polarized Political Discussion Forum

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The article presents analysis of a Polish Internet political discussion forum, characterized by significant polarization and high levels of emotion. The study compares samples of discussions gathered at three periods during a 2-year time, during which events occurred that significantly increased the already strong political division of Polish society (the sudden death of the President in a plane crash, snap elections, accusations of assassination and treason). Despite these circumstances, we observe a remarkable stability of individual political support. Extensive discussions among the forum users did not lead to changes in their political affiliations or specific opinions. In contrast, emotions expressed by the forum users, mainly negative, were found to vary from post to post and between the discussion threads. An automatic emotion recognition algorithm is presented, giving results closely corresponding to human evaluations. The authors also show that differences in a user interface between the two alternative forum webpages, especially effects of features promoting direct one-to-one communication, have significant impact on message content and decrease negative emotions. Implications of such changes on promoting communication across a political divide are discussed.
Fungal Infections of the Skin

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A number of fungi, known as dermatophytes, are able to cause skin infections (often called ringworm or tinea) at various body sites including the scalp, face, hands, feet, groin, and trunk. They’re the most common infections of humans. These fungi belong to three main genera – Epidermophyton, Microsporum and Trichophyton. Infection is accompanied by an itchy, inflamed characteristic rash. The disease can be transmitted from person to person or via contaminated personal care items or other objects. The fungi produce enzymes that break down skin components such as keratin and collagen to small molecules that are used as nutrients. The infection can be treated using anti-fungal agents either applied to the skin or taken orally. However, treatment failure is common often because of the prolonged treatment period required.
Acute Life-threatening Mediastinal Complications of Histoplasmosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We report a case in which granulomatous mediastinitis caused by histoplasmosis led to life-threatening esophageal-mediastinal fistula with secondary streptococcal mediastinal abscess, purulent pericarditis, and cardiac tamponade. We describe the esophago-bronchial double-transillumination maneuver that can be used to safely drain mediastinal abscesses when the anatomy is distorted.
Use of Progenitor Cells in Pain Management

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The use of progenitor/stem cells to modulate the sensory systems in chronic pain is a new field in translational research. This follows 30 years of non-human cell therapy approaches to elucidate which tissue source, cell phenotype, neurotransmitter, or peptide might be antinociceptive in models of pain. Stem or progenitor approaches have been tested in cardiac myopathies, liver dysfunction, stroke, and genetic abnormalities, but almost none have applied progenitor cells to the relief of neuropathic, pain. Perhaps the best studied neural progenitor cell line NT2, has recently resulted in two NT2-derived cell lines: hNT2.17, secreting the inhibitory neurotransmitters GABA and glycine; and hNT2.19, secreting the neurotransmitter serotonin. Each of these NT2-lines has demonstrated antinociceptive potential in models of SCI-related neuropathic pain, in peripheral neuropathy, and diabetic neuropathic pain. These human progenitors may prove to be useful in the relief of chronic pain and open the way to other regenerative approaches to pain management.
The Correlation of the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory with Depression and Anxiety in Veterans with Tinnitus

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective . The mechanisms of tinnitus are known to alter neuronal circuits in the brainstem and cortex, which are common to several comorbid conditions. This study examines the relationship between tinnitus and anxiety/depression. Subjects and Methods . Ninety-one male veterans with subjective tinnitus were enrolled in a Veterans Affairs Tinnitus Clinic. The Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) was used to assess tinnitus severity. ICD-9 codes for anxiety/depression were used to determine their prevalence. Pure tone averages (PTA) were used to assess hearing status. Results . Descriptive analyses revealed that 79.1% of the 91 tinnitus sufferers had a diagnosis of anxiety, 59.3% had depression, and 58.2% suffered from both anxiety/depression. Patients with anxiety had elevated total THI scores as compared to patients without anxiety (p<0.05). Patients with anxiety or depression had significantly increased Functional and Emotional THI scores, but not Catastrophic THI score. Significant positive correlations were illustrated between the degree of tinnitus and anxiety/depression (p<0.05). There were no differences in PTA among groups. Conclusions . A majority of patients with tinnitus exhibited anxiety and depression. These patients suffered more severe tinnitus than did patients without anxiety and depression. The data support the need for multidisciplinary intervention of veterans with tinnitus.
"Chi sta dalla parte di lui non fugge né torna indietro". Mondadori e le sue autrici

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The article highlights a significant period in Italian literary history when women writers began to claim their place on the literary scene, asserting themselves not only as authors but also as agents of cultural change. Mondadori, under the leadership of Arnoldo Mondadori, played a key role in this dynamic, establishing professional relationships that allowed female authors to express themselves freely and contribute to the intellectual reconstruction of the country. It also examines the cultural transition in Rome, where a vibrant female literary community emerged, while scrutinising the challenges and successes encountered by these writers in publishing, including figures such as Sibilla Aleramo, Alba de Céspedes, Gianna Manzini, and Milena Milani.
Guidelines for the development of tourism for tourists with different demographic characteristics in Sichon District, Nakhon Si Thammarat Province

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The purposes of this research were to compare demographic characteristics and motivations of tourists as a push factor and a pull factor, to assess the potential of the tourism components, and to propose guidelines for the development of tourism for tourists with different demographic characteristics in Sichon District, Nakhon Si Thammarat Province. It was collected information from four hundred Thai tourists who traveled to the tourist attraction in Sichon District, Nakhon Si Thammarat Province. Then it was analyzed using statistical, descriptive, mean, standard deviation, t-Test One-Way ANOVA interpretation, and qualitative research by Non-participant observation of the five tourism components (5A). It found that the samples with different genders, ages, monthly incomes, and domiciles had different tourism behaviors, but the samples with different marital statuses do not have different tourism behaviors. The main reason for traveling to Sichon District, Nakhon Si Thammarat Province was the need for change and self-development, followed by the response to private needs. In terms of pull factors, it found that the samples focused on tourist attractions at a high level, followed by amenities, access, accommodations, and activities were at moderate to high.