jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Rabbit Exploitation in the Middle Paleolithic: Insights from Experimental Archaeology Applied to the Level JJ faunal assemblage from Lapa do Picareiro, Portugal

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The archaeological record from southwestern Europe, particularly the Iberian Peninsula and southern France, demonstrates the consistent inclusion of small prey, especially Leporidae, in the subsistence behaviors of both Neanderthal and anatomically modern human groups during the Middle and Upper Paleolithic. Despite their prevalence in relevant faunal assemblages, the methods used to hunt and process these animals, as well as the techniques for preserving their meat, remain underexplored. This study aims to address these gaps through an experimental program investigating three cooking and preservation methods: roasting, smoking, and drying. Eight rabbits were prepared using each method, with subsequent taphonomic analysis conducted on the resulting bone assemblages. The observed modifications were then compared with those identified in an archaeological contexts from the Paleolithic Iberian Peninsula, particularly, rabbit remains from the Middle Paleolithic Level JJ of Lapa do Picareiro, a cave site situated in Portuguese Estremadura. By providing a comprehensive dataset of experimentally derived bone modifications, this research offers a reference for interpreting small prey assemblages and elucidates on the economic behaviors of Middle Paleolithic human populations. These findings enhance our understanding of human subsistence strategies and contribute to broader discussions on mobility, resource management, and cultural practices in prehistoric Europe.
Association between the Availability of Hospital-Based Palliative Care and Treatment Intensity for Critically Ill Patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Rationale: In the intensive care unit (ICU), studies involving specialized palliative care services have shown decreases in the use of non-beneficial life-sustaining therapies and ICU length of stay for patients. However, whether widespread availability of hospital-based palliative care is associated with less frequent use of high intensity care is unknown. Objective: To determine whether availability of hospital-based palliative care is associated with decreased markers of treatment intensity for ICU patients. Methods: Retrospective cohort study of adult ICU patients in New York State hospitals, 2008-2014. Multilevel regression was used to assess the relationship between availability of hospital-based palliative care during the year of admission and hospital length of stay, use of mechanical ventilation, dialysis and artificial nutrition, placement of a tracheostomy or gastrostomy tube, days in ICU and discharge to hospice. Results: Of 1,025,503 ICU patients in 151 hospitals, 814,794 (79.5%) received care in a hospital with a palliative care program. Hospital length of stay was similar for patients in hospitals with and without palliative care programs (6 days, interquartile range (IQR) 3-12 vs. 6 days, IQR 3-11, adjusted rate ratio 1.04 [1.03 to 1.05], p < 0.001), as were other healthcare utilization outcomes. However, patients in hospitals with palliative care programs were 46% more likely to be discharged to hospice than those in hospitals without palliative care programs (1.7% vs. 1.4%, adjusted odds ratio 1.46 [1.30 to 1.64], p<0.001). Conclusions: Availability of hospital-based palliative care was not associated with differences in in-hospital treatment intensity but was associated with significantly increased hospice utilization for ICU patients. At this time, the measurable benefit of palliative care programs for critically ill patients may be the increased use of hospice facilities, as opposed to decreased healthcare utilization during an ICU-associated hospitalization.
WATER ACTIVITIES WITH THREE AND FOUR-YEAR-OLD CHILDREN:

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Contextualization of the objective: Motor experiences in the liquid or terrestrial environment are part of children's behavior, helping children to master the environment, making them autonomous and self-assured. Objective: To report the experience of six months of intervention with water activities for 21 children, of both sexes, aged between three and four years old in an academy in São Luís. Method: The water activities classes lasted forty minutes, they were held twice a week and the classes had an average of eight to ten children aged three to four years. The class was divided into three moments: setting with the environment and with people, the second moment of displacements with floating material and the third moment there were jumps and dives followed by displacements. After a period of six months of intervention, an observational assessment consisting of eight items, with four sub-items each, was applied. The evaluation was applied during a class and the teachers selected a group of children to make the observations and apply the proposed exercises according to the evaluated item. Results: It was found that all children developed the skills proposed in the assessment items, receiving excellent ratings, with the exception of the item "backstroke legs propulsion" in which seven students, four of which had a good rating, three had a very good result. Final considerations: after six months of intervention, it was noticed that there were positive results in the expansion of learning the contents and refinement of the proposed movements, confirming the hypothesis that, within the proposed period, there were benefits in learning to swim.
Rational maps with smooth degenerate Herman rings

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We prove the existence of rational maps having smooth degenerate Herman rings. This answers a question of Eremenko affirmatively. The proof is based on the construction of smooth Siegel disks by Avila, Buff and Chéritat as well as the classical Siegel-to-Herman quasiconformal surgery. A crucial ingredient in the proof is the surgery's continuity, which relies on the control of the loss of the area of quadratic filled-in Julia sets by Buff and Chéritat. As a by-product, we prove the existence of rational maps having a nowhere dense Julia set of positive area for which these maps have no irrationally indifferent periodic points, no Herman rings, and are not renormalizable.
The influence of environmental setting on the community ecology of Ediacaran organisms.

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The broad-scale environment plays a substantial role in shaping modern marine ecosystems, but the degree to which palaeocommunities were influenced by their environment is unclear. To investigate how broad-scale environment influenced the community ecology of early animal ecosystems, we employed spatial point process analyses (SPPA) to examine the community structure of seven late Ediacaran (558-550 Ma) bedding-plane assemblages drawn from a range of environmental settings and global localities. The studied palaeocommunities exhibit marked differences in the response of their component taxa to sub-metre-scale habitat heterogeneities on the seafloor. Shallow-marine (nearshore) palaeocommunities were heavily influenced by local habitat heterogeneities, in contrast to their deeper-water counterparts. The local patchiness within shallow-water communities may have been further accentuated by the presence of grazers and detritivores, whose behaviours potentially initiated a propagation of increasing habitat heterogeneity of benthic communities from shallow to deep-marine depositional environments. Higher species richness in shallow-water Ediacaran assemblages compared to deep-water counterparts across the studied time-interval could have been driven by this environmental patchiness, because habitat heterogeneities increase species richness in modern marine environments. Our results provide quantitative support for the 'Savannah' hypothesis for early animal diversification-whereby Ediacaran diversification was driven by patchiness in the local benthic environment.
An extended Heisenberg model for conjugated hydrocarbons

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

An improved valence bond model, in the form of an extended Heisenberg model including next-nearest-neighbor transpositions and six-cyclic permutations, is developed to describe the low-lying “covalent” portion of the Hubbard model eigenspectrum (at half filling). The use of a cluster expansion including all diameter 1 and 2 subgraphs plus the diameter 3 six-membered ring allows the coefficients in the extended Heisenberg model to be determined from the results of accurate calculations of the Hubbard spectrum of benzene. The model is found to predict the lower energy states of two test molecules, styrene and naphthalene, rather accurately, and is thus expected to be generally applicable to benzenoid aromatic hydrocarbons.
On the 3 dimensional structure of edge-on disk galaxies

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A simple algorithm is employed to deproject the two dimensional images of a pilot sample of 12 high-quality images of edge-on disk galaxies and to study their intrinsic 3 dimensional stellar distribution. We examine the radial profiles of the stars as a function of height above the plane and report a general trend within our sample of an increasing radial scalelength with height outside of the dustlane. This could be explained by the widespread presence of a thick disk component in these galaxies. In addition, the 3 dimensional view allows the study of the vertical distribution of the outer disk, beyond the break region, where we detect a significant increase in scalelength with vertical distance from the major axis for the truncated disks. This could be regarded as a weakening of the "truncation" with increasing distance from the plane. Furthermore, we conclude that the recently revised classification of the radial surface brightness profiles found for face-on galaxies is indeed independent of geometry. In particular, we find at least one example of each of the three main profile classes as defined in complete samples of intermediate to face-on galaxies: not-truncated, truncated and antitruncated. The position and surface brightness that mark the break location in the radial light distribution are found to be consistent with those of face-on galaxies.
Concurrent Data Materialization for Object-Relational Database with Semantic Metadata

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

For a company with many databases in different data models, it is necessary to consolidate them into one data model interchangeable and present data in one data model concurrently to users. The benefit is to let user stick to his/her own data model to access database in another data model. This paper presents a semantic metadata to preserve database constraints for data materialization to support user's view of database on an ad hoc base. The semantic metadata can store the captured semantics of a relational or an object-oriented database into classes and stored procedures triggered by events. The stored constraints and data can be materialized into a target database upon user request. The user is allowed to perform the data materialization many times alternatively. The process can provide a relational as well as an object oriented view to the users simultaneously. This concurrent data materialization function can be applied to data warehouse to consolidate heterogeneous database into a fact table in a data model of user's choice. Furthermore, a user can obtain either a relational view or an object-oriented view of the same dataset of an object-relational database interchangeably.
Lipid Metabolic Heterogeneity\nduring Early Embryogenesis\nRevealed by Hyper-3D Stimulated Raman Imaging

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Studying embryogenesis is fundamental to understanding\ndevelopmental\nbiology and reproductive medicine. Its process requires precise spatiotemporal\nregulations in which lipid metabolism plays a crucial role. However,\nthe spatial dynamics of lipid species at the subcellular level remains\nobscure due to technical limitations. To address this challenge, we\ndeveloped a hyperspectral 3D imaging and analysis method based on\nstimulated Raman scattering microscopy (hyper-3D SRS) to quantitatively\nassess lipid profiles in individual embryos through submicrometer\nresolution (<i>x</i>–<i>y</i>), 3D optical\nsectioning (<i>z</i>), and chemical bond-selective (Ω)\nimaging. Using hyper-3D SRS, individual lipid droplets (LDs) in single\ncells were identified and quantified. Our findings revealed that the\nLD profiles within a single embryo are not uniform, even as early\nas the 2-cell stage. Notably, we also discovered a dynamic relationship\nbetween the LD size and unsaturation degree as embryos develop, indicating\ndiverse lipid metabolism during early development. Furthermore, abnormal\nLDs were observed in oocytes of a progeria mouse model, suggesting\nthat LDs could serve as a potential biomarker for assessing oocyte/embryo\nquality. Overall, our results highlight the potential of hyper-3D\nSRS as a noninvasive method for studying lipid content, composition,\nand subcellular distribution in embryos. This technique provides valuable\ninsights into lipid metabolism during embryonic development and has\nthe potential for clinical applications in evaluating oocyte/embryo\nquality.
Fluid therapy for septic shock resuscitation: which fluid should be used?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Early resuscitation of septic shock patients reduces the sepsis-related morbidity and mortality. The main goals of septic shock resuscitation include volemic expansion, maintenance of adequate tissue perfusion and oxygen delivery, guided by central venous pressure, mean arterial pressure, mixed or central venous oxygen saturation and arterial lactate levels. An aggressive fluid resuscitation, possibly in association with vasopressors, inotropes and red blood cell concentrate transfusion may be necessary to achieve those hemodynamic goals. Nonetheless, even though fluid administration is one of the most common interventions offered to critically ill patients, the most appropriate type of fluid to be used remains controversial. According to recently published clinical trials, crystalloid solutions seem to be the most appropriate type of fluids for initial resuscitation of septic shock patients. Balanced crystalloids have theoretical advantages over the classic solutions, but there is not enough evidence to indicate it as first-line treatment. Additionally, when large amounts of fluids are necessary to restore the hemodynamic stability, albumin solutions may be a safe and effective alternative. Hydroxyethyl starches solutions must be avoided in septic patients due to the increased risk of acute renal failure, increased need for renal replacement therapy and increased mortality. Our objective was to present a narrative review of the literature regarding the major types of fluids and their main drawbacks in the initial resuscitation of the septic shock patients.
River food chains lead to riparian bats and birds in two mid‐order rivers

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) River regulation can modify natural flow regimes with deleterious effects on aquatic communities. While the effects of flow manipulation on the physical environment and populations and assemblages of aquatic organisms have been described thoroughly, how and to what extent river regulation influences ecosystem processes like food web architecture is less studied. Emergent aquatic insect prey can provide an important food resource to riparian consumers like birds and bats with concomitant consequences for nutrient cycling through aquatic–terrestrial food webs, thus potentially increasing the spatial influence of river regulation into the riparian zone and beyond. We used naturally abundant stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen to compare food web architecture (trophic position and reliance on an aquatic nutritional pathway) leading to birds and bats between a regulated river, the Tuolumne River downstream of Hetch Hetchy Reservoir, and an adjacent unregulated river, the Merced River, located in Yosemite National Park on the west slope of the Sierra Nevada, California, USA. We found that both birds and bats derived >50% of their nutrition from food webs originating in photosynthesis by algae. In addition, birds and bats occupied a similar trophic position to predatory fish in other systems. Both birds and bats seemed to rely more strongly on an aquatic nutritional pathway during the dryer year of our study period, underscoring the potential importance of emergent aquatic prey as a water subsidy in dry systems and in dry years. In the Tuolumne River, reservoir managers strive to simulate characteristics of the natural flow regime, including seasonal scouring flows and prolonged floodplain inundation. Although we found no conclusive evidence of an effect of river regulation on food web responses, our study suggests that nutrient cycling through aquatic–terrestrial food webs expands the potential influence of river regulation to organisms and ecosystems typically characterized as terrestrial.
On the all-to-all broadcast problem in optical networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper considers the transmission of uniform deterministic traffic in an optical broadcast-star network using wavelength division multiplexing. Lower bounds are established on the minimum time to exchange information between every node pair in such a network with tunable transmitters and fixed-tuned receivers. Three different scheduling algorithms are developed that are strictly optimal in three regimes of system parameters. The results are applicable to arbitrary tuning delays and arbitrary numbers of wavelength channels, and indicate the existence of a well-defined transition regime from tuning-limited operation to bandwidth-limited operation.
Electronic Medical Records National Data Asset

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Data from hospital Electronic Medical Record (EMR) Systems is being transformed to an international gold standard Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership (OMOP) Common Data Model (CDM).Tools, mappings and experience gained will be made openly available, and a community of practice and a roadmap for continued national implementation will be built. The Data Asset will significantly improve the quality, accessibility and feasibility of EMR data warehouses by streamlining data governance, consent and ethics. We will convert three existing data warehouses from Queensland Health, Austin Health and Western Health so that they can be accessed through a common interface. Learnings from the Cerner conversions will then be applied to the conversion of other data warehouse platforms including the EPIC EMR system which will be investigated in collaboration with the Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and the Royal Childrens Hospital.The dataset is based on Version 5.4 of the OMOP Common data model.Specifications of data model:https://ohdsi.github.io/CommonDataModel/cdm54.htmlIntegrated Data Governance, Digital Health, and the Common Data Model (OMOP-CDM)DOI:10.21203/rs.3.rs-3479039/v1Citation guidance here: https://ohdsi-australia.org/EMR2OMOP.html
The Nature of Calcium Phosphate in Mineralizing Vertebrate Tissues

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

This presentation will describe and summarize aspects of the chemical, biological and physical nature of the mineral deposited in the normal vertebrate skeletal and dental systems. Bone, calcifying cartilage and tendon, dentin, cementum and enamel mineral is a calcium phosphate, most often referred to as apatite and commonly denoted as Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2. The mineral is composed of crystals of a unique size and shape, having an unusual chemistry including –3–5% carbonate and 5–10% [HPO4]2−, and serving as a reservoir for other cationic and anionic species. Apatite composition varies in the type and degree of ion substitution, number of atomic vacancies, crystallinity, and age and maturation. Nucleation, growth, and development of the crystals are mediated by organic matrix molecules specific for each tissue, notably collagen in all except enamel. Amelogenin protein modulates apatite formation in part in the latter tissue. The interactions between such organic molecules and the mineral crystals are complex and not entirely understood, but they ultimately lead to organic-inorganic composites with remarkable integrity, mechanical strength, distinct form and additional physical properties that are functionally representative.
Non Inverting Buck-Boost Converter with PV fed BLDC Drive for Irrigation

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this paper a non-inverting buck-boost DC-DC converter for pumping system used in irrigation and employing a PV fed Brushless DC Motor drive is proposed. This converter gives a positive polarity of output voltage compared to buck-boost and Cuk converter. Perturb & Observe algorithm is accomplished to increase the output of PV array. The output voltages from the converter are given to Voltage Source Inverter which drives the Brushless DC motor pump system. The proposed water pumping system performance for irrigation is compared with buck-boost converter and Cuk converter based system. Result shows less voltage stress and superior performance of the proposed converter.
The Why and How of Transnational Teaching

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Most countries today are facing the challenge of trying to increase enrolment in higher education but to do so in ways that are affordable and sustainable and in which increased access represents a reasonable chance of ultimate success. The increasing ubiquity and flexibility of technology creates multiple avenues for institutions to open access to higher education and for students to access this provision. This has yielded a steady increase in cross-border/transnational provisions for higher education. In this, the developing countries of Africa have tended to be consumers of services and materials rather than producers. The potential of TDL in reaching large numbers of people is obvious, but there are still a number of militating factors that need to be addressed if this potential is to be fully realised. This chapter explores some of the reservations that have existed among African higher education institutions, until recently, regarding transnational provisions, and then looks at why this is now changing, with examples of recent developments, and reflects on some lessons for how meaningful transnational engagement can be facilitated.
Fluid Dynamics and Viscosity in Strongly Correlated Fluids

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We review the modern view of fluid dynamics as an effective low-energy, long-wavelength theory of many-body systems at finite temperature. We introduce the concept of a nearly perfect fluid, defined by a ratio η/s of shear viscosity to entropy density of order ℏ/k B or less. Nearly perfect fluids exhibit hydrodynamic behavior at all distances down to the microscopic length scale of the fluid. We summarize arguments that suggest that there is fundamental limit to fluidity, and we review the current experimental situation of measurements of η/s in strongly coupled quantum fluids.