jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Statistical issues in the analysis and interpretation of outcomes for congenital cardiac surgery

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract It is universally agreed that efforts to improve quality benefit from the analysis of outcomes. Yet, it is challenging to compare results across institutions because factors other than performance also impact outcomes. Two factors that complicate the analysis of outcomes after congenital cardiac surgery are case-mix and random statistical variation. Case-mix refers to differences in the mix of patients and their risk-factors at different institutions that may cause some centres to have more frequent complications and lower survival regardless of their true performance. Random statistical variation refers to fluctuations in outcomes that occur at random and follow the laws of probability. A variety of statistical methods exist to address these issues and make provider comparisons more fair. We explain a few common approaches including stratification, regression analysis, and confidence intervals. Concepts are illustrated using artificial data from two hypothetical hospitals, as well as real data from a multi-institution registry.
Routine Preoperative Screening for HIV

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

To the Editor.— Hagen et al 1 make an interesting case for not doing routine preoperative screening for low-risk populations. This requires that low-risk persons can be adequately separated from high-risk persons by history. One study 2 indicated that as many as 33% to 50% of individuals believed to carry the virus did not indicate their high-risk status by history alone, 3 and there is still a small percentage of patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) who have no identifiable risk factors. In addition, one must consider the risk to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)—positive patient of surgery. Although there is no direct evidence, one could postulate that a person infected with HIV with altered cellular immunity is at increased risk for further degradation of their immune systems by
The NDH State in Comparative Perspective

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract This essay addresses the place of the NDH state within fascist Europe. It treats such issues as its relationship to generic fascism, the comparative degree of mobilisation, the relationship to religion, the place of the NDH state in the history of mass atrocity, its definition as a ‘regime type’, its role within the spectrum of revolutionary civil war, and its relationship to the issue of Balkan fascism.
Editorial Commentary

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

No AccessUrology PracticeBusiness1 Sep 2022Editorial CommentaryThis article comments on the following:Patient Preferences Regarding Chaperone Use for Sensitive Examinationsis a letter which has replyReply by Authors Peter L. Steinberg Peter L. SteinbergPeter L. Steinberg Department of Surgery (Urology), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1097/UPJ.0000000000000327.01AboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "Editorial Commentary." Urology Practice, 9(5), p. 386 References 1. : Examining genitalia—chaperone or go it alone?Urology 2019; 128: 14. Google Scholar 2. ACOG Committee on Ethics: Sexual Misconduct, ACOG Committee Opinion Number 796, January 2020. Available at https://www.acog.org/clinical/clinical-guidance/committee-opinion/articles/2020/01/sexual-misconduct. Google Scholar 3. : Sexual violation of patients by physicians: a mixed-methods, exploratory analysis of 101 cases. Sex Abuse 2019; 31: 503. Google Scholar © 2022 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsRelated articlesUrology Practice5 Jul 2022Patient Preferences Regarding Chaperone Use for Sensitive ExaminationsUrology Practice6 Jul 2022Reply by Authors Volume 9Issue 5September 2022Page: 386-386 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2022 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Peter L. Steinberg Department of Surgery (Urology), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF DownloadLoading ...
Interprofessional Collaborative Practice: How Could Dentistry Participate?

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

There is a remarkable phenomenon occurring among health professionals: the development of ongoing, routine collaboration, both in educating the next generation of providers and in delivering care. These new approaches, commonly referred to as interprofessional education and interprofessional collaborative practice, have been introduced into academic health settings and delivery systems throughout the U.S. and the rest of the world; however, the full integration of dentistry in health care teams remains unrealized. In academic settings, dentistry has found ways to collaborate with the other health professions, but most practicing dentists still find themselves on the margins of new models of care delivery. This article provides a perspective on the history and context of the evolution of collaborative approaches to health care and proposes ways in which dentistry can participate more fully in the future.
Higher Education Institutions Responding to Issues

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Gender-based violence (GBV) has been highlighted as one of the crises currently confronting universities and an issue that requires concerted action. However, the media attention given to the media and subsequent research has tended to focus on traditional universities, students and higher education cultures. Concomitantly, there is a particular focus on ‘laddish’ behaviour, that is, boisterous activities of young men, often in the context of sports clubs. Whilst this may reflect the experience of some institutions and their cultures but cannot be applied to all institutions. Modern higher education is characterised by diversity, especially in the demographics of the student body. It is therefore important to explore the extent to which the common depiction of gender-based violence applies to the broad range of students.
Inhibition of the Jun kinase pathway blocks DNA repair, enhances p53-mediated apoptosis and promotes gene amplification.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

We have previously shown, by expression of a nonphosphorylatable dominant inhibitor mutant of c-Jun [cJun(S63A,S73A)], that activation of the NH2-terminal Jun kinase/stress-activated protein kinase by genotoxic damage is required for DNA repair. Here, we examine the consequences of inhibition of DNA repair on p53-induced apoptosis in T98G cells, which are devoid of endogenous wild-type p53. Relative to parental or wild-type c-Jun-expressing control cells, mutant Jun-expressing T98G clones show similar growth rates and plating efficiencies. However, these cells are unable to repair DNA (PCR-stop assays) and exhibit up to an 80-fold increased methotrexate-induced colony formation due to amplification of the dihydrofolate reductase gene. Moreover, the mutant c-Jun clones exhibit increased apoptosis and elevated bax:bcl2 ratios on expression of wild-type p53. These results indicate that inhibition of DNA repair leads to accumulation of DNA damage in tumor cells with unstable genomes and this, in turn, enhances p53mediated apoptosis.
Fungsi Dewan Perwakilam Rakyat Dalam Pembentukan Peraturan Daerah

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Introduction: Article 1 paragraph 3 of the Republic of Indonesia Constitution provides legal guarantees. The Indonesian state in its government system has developed in terms of state institutions which we usually know as decentralization, the presence of the DPRD as a legislative institution or people's representative institution has the task of regulating regional government. Law Number 23 of 2014 concerning Regional Government, the DPRD has duties and authorities at the provincial and district/city levels, one of which is forming regional regulations.Purposes of the Research: This study aims to etermine the whether the function of forming regional regulations is an obligation for the DPRD, and the legal consequences if the function of forming regional regulations is not carried out by the DPRD.Methods of the Research: This study use normative juridical research, which to find out whether the function of forming regional regulations is an obligation for the DPRD, and the legal consequences if the function of forming regional regulations is not carried out the DPRD.Results of the Research: unction forming regional regulations as obligation of the DPRD is regulated in Law No. 23 of 2014 concerning Regional Government. in making regional regulations, authority is given by Bapemperda whose authority regulated by Article 52 PP No. 12 of 2018 concerning Guidelines for Preparing Provincial, Regency, City DPRD tatips. Bapemperda in exercising its authority to form regional regulations is outlined in the Propemperda. The authority given by this law is expected that the DPRD can understand its function an obligation. Among them is the function of forming regional regulations as an obligation of the DPRD. legal consequences for the DPRD not carrying out the function of forming regional regulations based on the problems raised by the author are that there are legal sanctions for the DPRD.
LSD experiments by the United States Army

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Extensive LSD testing was conducted by the US Army at Edgewood Arsenal and other locations from 1955 to 1967. A number of different reports have been produced describing the health effects of this testing, including the Veterans Health Initiative Report in 2003. By and large, these reports gloss over and minimize the short and long-term side effects and complications of this testing. However, the reports themselves document frequent, severe complications of the LSD. These side effects were regarded by the Army as having been directly caused by the LSD exposure. In view of the current resurgence of interest in hallucinogens within psychiatry, the sanitized version of the effects of LSD exposure on US soldiers needs to be replaced with a more accurate account.
Data from Preferential Cytotoxicity of Bortezomib toward Hypoxic Tumor Cells via Overactivation of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Pathways

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

<div>Abstract<p>Hypoxia is a dynamic feature of the tumor microenvironment that contributes to drug resistance and cancer progression. We previously showed that components of the unfolded protein response (UPR), elicited by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, are also activated by hypoxia <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> animal and human patient tumors. Here, we report that ER stressors, such as thapsigargin or the clinically used proteasome inhibitor bortezomib, exhibit significantly higher cytotoxicity toward hypoxic compared with normoxic tumor cells, which is accompanied by enhanced activation of UPR effectors <i>in vitro</i> and UPR reporter activity <i>in vivo</i>. Treatment of cells with the translation inhibitor cycloheximide, which relieves ER load, ameliorated this enhanced cytotoxicity, indicating that the increased cytotoxicity is ER stress–dependent. The mode of cell death was cell type–dependent, because DLD1 colorectal carcinoma cells exhibited enhanced apoptosis, whereas HeLa cervical carcinoma cells activated autophagy, blocked apoptosis, and eventually led to necrosis. Pharmacologic or genetic ablation of autophagy increased the levels of apoptosis. These results show that hypoxic tumor cells, which are generally more resistant to genotoxic agents, are hypersensitive to proteasome inhibitors and suggest that combining bortezomib with therapies that target the normoxic fraction of human tumors can lead to more effective tumor control. [Cancer Res 2008;68(22):9323–30]</p></div>
Games, Language, and Persuasion

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Games have a complex and nuanced relationship with language and persuasion. While working with language can be viewed as a form of play, play can be viewed as discursive, rhetorical, and cultural work. The author describes the work that goes into playing games as producing situations in which language and discourse have meaning, and situations are shaped by various constraints, including the rules of the game. Such constraints contribute to the rhetorical affordances that games possess, including their capacity to foster identification, generate rhetorical situations, persuade through processes and procedures, and provide players with the language, skills, and knowledge needed to participate in various ludic and discursive communities. In this way, games put language into play, demonstrating both the potential to inform, educate, and empower, but also to coerce, deceive, and manipulate. At the same time, by their procedural nature, games can provide players with the very literacies needed to examine and critique various social and cultural systems, including how those systems afford and constrain language and discourse.
Experimental and analytical investigation of a capillary pumped loop

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

An experimental investigation was conducted on a relatively new and unique type of capillary pumped loop (CPL) at various power inputs and adverse tilts in order to verify the operational parameters and measure the performance limits. A concurrently developed computer model was compared with the experimental data to determine the accuracy of the model and verify the predicted trends. The model shows good agreement with the experimental data and indicates that the overall transport capacity of this design is significantly greater than what would normally be expected in conventional heat pipes. The steady-state temperature variations are presented as a function of input power and adverse tilt, along with the transient response characteristics of the CPL. Also, a comparison is made between data obtained by the authors and that supplied by the manufacturer.
Trends in Public Finance: Insights from a New Detailed Dataset

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

To investigate how public finances could best be designed to promote long-run growth and address inequality, it is essential to have comprehensive, cross-country comparable data on government spending and revenues, along with structural and policy indicators. By identifying key variables of public finance across as many OECD countries as possible, and with a time series element to allow for longitudinal analysis, the OECD Public Finance Dataset provides a detailed data set to contribute to an evidence-based debate on shaping growth-enhancing and equality-promoting fiscal policies. Characteristics of both country groupings and individual country public finance profiles are highlighted as examples of the potential of these data to provide policy insights. Tendances des finances publiques à la lumière d’une nouvelle base de données Pour étudier la façon dont les finances publiques pourraient être mieux conçues pour promouvoir la croissance à long terme et remédier aux inégalités, il est essentiel d'avoir des données complètes et comparables entre les pays sur les dépenses et les recettes publiques, ainsi que des indicateurs structurels et politiques. En identifiant les variables clés des finances publiques parmi autant de pays de l'OCDE que possible, et avec une dimension temporelle pour permettre une analyse longitudinale, la base de données de finances publiques de l’OCDE fournit des données détaillées pour contribuer à un débat fondé sur les faits au sujet des politiques budgétaires favorisant la croissance et de l'égalité. Les caractéristiques de groupes de pays et de profils de finances publiques par pays sont mises en avant comme des exemples du potentiel de ces données pour fournir un éclairage sur les politiques budgétaires.
Digital Twins and Smart Manufacturing for Wire Bonding

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Low cost, excellent flexibility, and high yield rate have long been the drivers of wire bonding technology. In the past decade, advancements in wire bonding technology have significantly improved wire bond reliability and strengthened the adoption of the technology while maintaining its competitive advantage. Digital twins of wire bonding can now simulate and optimize 3D wire loop shapes to facilitate design-for-manufacturing (DFM), increase design flexibility, reduce product development time, and improve overall package yields. In particular, the benefits of digital twins have been realized in system-in-package (SiPs), large stack-die memory applications, and complex high pin count packages with multiple looping tiers. With increasing package complexity and modular package configurations, the need for smarter functionalities is imperative. More recently, technological developments in wire bonding have been targeted toward furthering design, quality, and time-to-market (TTM) from an Industry 4.0 smart manufacturing perspective. In this paper, we will introduce new digital twin simulation techniques to detect potential interference between wire bond capillaries and wire loops, various dies, passive components, and other structures within the package. These advanced capabilities are demonstrated on a real application and shown to help in the detection of design issues early in the product cycle and aid in the selection of capillary, wire, as well as optimization of the package layout. All these factors significantly improve the overall TTM of semiconductor packages. Technologies that provide improvements via autonomous monitoring and optimization are also strongly desired. We will also explore new on-bonder process monitoring capabilities to detect wire sway such that wire shorts and resultant yield losses can be minimized. Additionally, vision-guided enhancements to on-bonder loop height monitoring capabilities will also be discussed. These new advancements significantly improve production quality and yield, paving the way for smarter factories
A framework for evaluating university mobile websites

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Purpose – Designing an effective university mobile website is becoming a necessity for universities. With the increasing percentage of students using smart phones to research colleges and universities, many university websites worldwide are moving towards addressing mobile needs. The purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive mobile university evaluation framework that can be used to assess how universities' websites respond to the increasing demand for the mobile web, and also to identify trends and gaps in current services provided in universities' mobile websites. Design/methodology/approach – A framework was developed and applied to a set of 35 universities' mobile websites worldwide. The framework consists of four categories: interface, navigation, content and services offered, and technical aspects. Findings – Evaluation findings show that most universities' mobile websites performed well in terms of mobile-friendliness and functionality; however, suggestions for future improvements are given. Originality/value – No previous evaluation studies of this kind have been conducted. Moreover, this study provides an evaluation framework dedicated to the assessment of universities' mobile websites.
Organic Synthesis as a Source of New Drugs

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The identification of the infectious disease process by Pasteur, the subsequent formulation by Paul Ehrlich of the concepts of selective toxicity and rational drug design, and the coming of age of organic chemistry provided the imaginative impetus to the spectacular series of drug discoveries which ushered in the era of modern medicine. This paper reviews the evolutionary process of synthetic drug discovery, probes the circumstances that contributed to its success, and finally attempts to predict on the basis of current trends the future course synthetic drug research must take to remain a viable factor in the therapy of human disease.
Notch-mediated lateral inhibition regulates proneural wave propagation when combined with EGF-mediated reaction diffusion

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Significance Notch-mediated lateral inhibition regulates binary cell fate choice, resulting in salt and pepper patterns during various developmental processes. The wave of differentiation in the Drosophila visual center accompanies Notch activity that is propagated without the formation of a salt and pepper pattern, implying that Notch does not regulate lateral inhibition during this process. In this study, by combining mathematical modeling and genetic analysis, we showed that Notch-mediated lateral inhibition is implemented within the proneural wave. The combination of Notch-mediated lateral inhibition and EGF-mediated reaction diffusion enables a function of Notch signaling that regulates propagation of the wave of differentiation.
Early Models for Contemporary Thought on Domestic Violence and Women Who Kill Their Mates:

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Women who kill abusive partners have become the focus of new social policy and research since 1970. A review of the early literature on women and domestic homicide from 1895 to 1970 shows that, while a specific focus on female homicide resulting from abuse was lacking, a rich heritage of ideas about homicidal women developed during this period. This heritage inevitably shaped the ways in which female offenders in general were viewed and presaged our most recent insights. A conceptual framework for recognizing the etiological themes which emerged is presented.
The response of the terrestrial bow shock and magnetopause of the long term decline in solar polar fields

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The location of the terrestrial magnetopause (MP) and it's subsolar stand-off distance depends not only on the solar wind dynamic pressure and the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF), both of which play a crucial role in determining it's shape, but also on the nature of the processes involved in the interaction between the solar wind and the magnetosphere. The stand-off distance of the earth's MP and bow shock (BS) also define the extent of terrestrial magnetic fields into near-earth space on the sunward side and have important consequences for space weather. However, asymmetries due to the direction of the IMF are hard to account for, making it nearly impossible to favour any specific model over the other in estimating the extent of the MP or BS. Thus, both numerical and empirical models have been used and compared to estimate the BS and MP stand-off distances as well as the MP shape, in the period Jan. 1975-Dec. 2016, covering solar cycles 21-24. The computed MP and BS stand-off distances have been found to be increasing steadily over the past two decades, since ~1995, spanning solar cycles 23 and 24. The increasing trend is consistent with earlier reported studies of a long term and steady decline in solar polar magnetic fields and solar wind micro-turbulence levels. The present study, thus, highlights the response of the terrestrial magnetosphere to the long term global changes in both solar and solar wind activity, through a detailed study of the extent and shape of the terrestrial MP and BS over the past four solar cycles, a period spanning the last four decades.
Sliding Hopf bifurcation in interval systems

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, the equivariant degree theory is used to analyze the occurrence of the Hopf bifurcation under effectively verifiable mild conditions. We combine the abstract result with standard interval polynomial techniques based on Kharitonov's theorem to show the existence of a branch of periodic solutions emanating from the equilibrium in the settings relevant to robust control. The results are illustrated with a number of examples.