jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Multistate methodology improves risk assessment under time‐varying drug intake—a new view on pregnancy outcomes following coumarin exposure

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Purpose Observational cohort studies are essential to evaluate the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes associated with drug intake. Besides left truncation and competing events, it is crucial to account for the time‐dynamic pattern of drug exposure. In fact, potentially harmful medications are often discontinued, which might affect the outcome. Ignoring these challenges may lead to biased estimation of drug‐related risks highlighting the need for adequate statistical techniques. Methods We reanalyze updated data of a recently published study provided by the German Embryotox pharmacovigilance institute. The aim of the study was to quantify the effect of discontinuation of vitamin K antagonist phenprocoumon on the risk of spontaneous abortion. Results We outline multistate methodology as a powerful method removing bias in probability estimation inherent to commonly used crude proportions. We incorporate time‐dependent discontinuation and competing pregnancy outcomes as separate states in a multistate model, which enables the formulation of hazard‐based Cox proportional hazard models and the application of so‐called landmark techniques. Results show that early discontinuation of phenprocoumon substantially reduces the risk of spontaneous abortion, which is of great importance for both pregnant women and treating physicians. Conclusions An adequate handling of discontinuation times is essential when analyzing the risk of spontaneous abortion. The proposed concepts are not restricted to pregnancy outcome studies but have broad usage in other fields of epidemiology. Our nontechnical report may provide guidance for the design and analysis of future studies. Example code is provided.
Identification of the inverse dynamics of robot manipulators with the structured kernel

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The inverse dynamics model of robots is often the key for accurate control. Especially in the computed torque control, the nonlinearity and the friction can be compensated, leading to better performance. The inverse models, however, is not trivial. The traditional Euler-Lagrange model based on the rigid body assumption often underfits in the presence of frictions and requires tedious derivations; the learning-based model needs larger training data set, since the structure of the dynamics is not considered. To overcome the aforementioned issues, we propose a structured kernel to replace the rigid body model and combine it with the universal radial basis kernel by direct sum. The proposed structured kernel asymptotically has the same convergence rate as the traditional model, and is general regardless of the configuration of the robot. Therefore, no analytic derivation is needed. Together with the universal radial basis kernel, the proposed approach enjoys the advantages of both the conventional and the learning-based models. To verify the proposed method, the simulations are used to investigate the performance in terms of the prediction errors.
THE INTERNALLY COOLED, LIQUID METAL FUEL REACTOR

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

In considering suitable reactor systems for nuclear ship propulsion for ships in the 15,000-39,000 dwt class, the Hawker Siddeley Co. decided the internally cooled liquid metal fuel reactor showed promise. The reactor system uses graphite as the moderator and a bismuth uranium solution as the fuel. The coolant can be a gas (He) or bismuth. Design, coolant and circuits, and pressure vessel are discussed briefly. (W.D.M.)
The South African Public School System, Education In Crisis: A Review of Our COVID19 Response

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

COVID-19 has disproportionately impacted the world's poorest communities and highlighted several systemic imbalances, leaving nations vulnerable and destitute. Taking a worldwide perspective on the influence on the right to education, this article analyzes how the South African education systems responded to the COVID-19 pandemic. As we swiftly transition to distance education, we must also ensure that we are not caught off guard again. Education systems worldwide must begin long-term planning and construction of distance education systems in order to be prepared for the inevitable next emergency. If COVID-19 teaches us anything, it is that distance education cannot be a "nice to have" supplement to the existing educational system; it must be a "must have," integrated, and indispensable component of the total educational system. The findings indicated that governments have an uneven capacity for responding to and preparing for the learning losses associated with school closures. We concluded that it is critical to articulate inclusive educational policies that support strengthening the government's response capacity, particularly in terms of access to technology, electricity, connectivity, ICT devices, learning materials and technology adapted curriculum and educator training all in addressing the countries response to educational crisis and eventually embracing the opportunity of stirring the education sector into the fourth industrial revolution.
Occurrence Download

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A dataset containing 23 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query: { "TaxonKey" : [ "is Liebigia limans (Miq.) Mich.Möller & A.Weber" ] } The dataset includes 23 records from 4 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0050351-240321170329656/datasets/export for details. Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
Studying syntactic features of advertising texts’ headings

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Technically, the primary objective of the advertising text is to handle behavioral scenarios and motivations of consumers. Hence, this present study makes an attempt to describe the outcomes of observations and a research to evaluate the perception of several advertising texts’ titles and headings. This survey involves twelve subjects, in which utilizing Pupil eyewear glasses and software from Pupil (Germany), the participants take a look at six various headings oriented to the right or left hemisphere of the brain. Based on the outcomes of analyzing the observations outcomes, the likelihood of boosting the attractiveness of the titles and headings via the utilization of syntax concentrated upon the preferential activation of a cerebral hemispheres wasn’t approved. Conclusions are made over the desirability of utilizing brief exclamation or unallocated sorts of promotional suggestions.
Long-term Assessment of Floodplain Reconnection as a Stream Restoration Approach for Managing Nitrogen in Groundwater and Surface Water

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract

Stream restoration is a popular approach for managing nitrogen in degraded, flashy urban streams. Here, we investigated the long-term effects of geomorphic stream restoration on riparian and in-stream N transport and transformation in an urban stream in the Chesapeake Bay watershed. We examined relationships between hydrology, chemistry, and biology using a Before/After-Control/Impact (BACI) study design to determine how flashiness and N concentrations and flux changed after the restoration. We examined two independent surface water and groundwater data sets collected from 2002–2012 at our study sites in the Minebank Run watershed, modeled N flux, and compared our data to similar long-term data from the Baltimore Ecosystem Study LTER (BES) that served as reference sites. Restoration was completed during 2004 and 2005. Afterward, the monthly flashiness index, based on mean monthly discharge, decreased over time from 2002 and 2008. Groundwater nitrate (NO3−) concentrations trended slightly downward over time after the restoration at the restored site while dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations trended upward whereas no trends were observed at the control site. Comparisons of NO3− concentrations with Cl− concentrations and specific conductance in both groundwater and surface water suggested that N reductions over time at the restored sites were not due to dilution. Similar patterns at BES sites suggested that declining NO3− was a function of restoration and watershed management, not larger regional factors such as decreased atmospheric inputs. DOC and NO3− were negatively related before and after restoration suggesting C limitation of N transformation. Long-term trends in surface water NO3− based on USGS data showed downward trends after restoration at both the restored and control sites while specific conductance showed no trend, suggesting that load reductions were not responsible for NO3− patterns. Modeled NO3− flux decreased post restoration in both the short and long-terms. Groundwater NO3− concentrations varied among stream features suggesting that some engineered features may be functionally better at creating optimal conditions for N removal. However, some engineered features eroded and failed post restoration thereby reducing efficacy of the restoration to reduce flashiness and NO3− flux. N management via stream restoration will be most effective where flashiness can be reduced, and DOC made available for denitrifiers. Stream restoration may be an important component of holistic watershed management including stormwater management and nutrient source control.
Design and Development of Diabestfriend Application for Digital Self Care Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objective: The availability of the results of the Android-based Diabestfriend Application for digital self-care management of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Theoretical Framework: The numerous interventions that come under the more general term "self-care" and are helpful in understanding the self-care suite have been categorized into three domains: self-awareness, self-testing, and self-care. Methods: The ADDIE development model is used in this study in three stages. Ten patients with type 2 diabetes who completed questionnaires, along with validators from one media expert and one material expert, comprise the implementation stage, which is the application assessment stage. The questionnaires consist of three sections: a total of 16 questions for patient application assessment, 21 questions for media expert validation, and 25 questions for material expert validation. Results and Discussion: The validation score of media experts was 83.8 with the very good category, the validation score of the material experts was 81.6 with the very good category and the response score of diabetes mellitus patients was 88.95 with the very good category. Research Implications: Further research on the efficacy of the Diabestfriend Application as a digital self-care management tool in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients will provide insight into how the use of the application affects the patients' level of self-care management. Originality/Value: The Diabestfriend Application is appropriate for use as a digital self-care management tool for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, according to validation from media experts, material experts, and 10 diabetes patients.
Notes from the Editors, January 2008

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

» Notes from the EditorsThe victory of the No vote in the Venezuelan constitutional reform referendum in December is being treated by Washington as a major defeat for Chávez's efforts to promote a socialism for the twenty-first century in Venezuela. But the opposition to the Bolivarian Revolution was so aware of its own weaknesses that it adopted as its final slogan "Chávez, Yes; Reform, No." The defeat of the constitutional reform was guaranteed by the fact that 44 percent of the population, many of whom had supported Chávez previously, chose not to vote. This may simply be due to the fact that the proposed constitutional reforms were enormously complex with changes in 69 articles. But it is also true that a propaganda campaign authored and choreographed by Washington and the CIA, and implemented by the Venezuelan elites who control the private media, had a considerable effect in blocking the reform effort.This article can also be found at the Monthly Review website, where most recent articles are published in full.Click here to purchase a PDF version of this article at the Monthly Review website.
Ego dissolution in psychedelic experience

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract Users of psychedelic drugs often report that their sense of being a self or ‘I’ distinct from the rest of the world has diminished or altogether dissolved in a phenomenon known as ego dissolution (Nour et al., 2016). This is a case of transient disintegration of the self model caused by actions of serotonin 5HT2A agonists. Psychedelic experience provides a window on the nature of self representation and a chance to evaluate different accounts. On one account, the self is modelled in the same way as perceived objects—as an entity to which sensory features are bound. However, self modelling does not use the feature binding solution. This is because of differences between interoception and perception that make feature binding unsuitable as a strategy for interoceptive regulation. Ultimately, dissolution is best thought of not as the unbinding of features, but as loss of a centre of interoceptive gravity.
The UK Border Security Continuum: Virtual Biopolitics and the Simulation of the Sovereign Ban

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper analyses the emergence of the UK's new border security doctrine. It argues that the vision of the UK border being put forward is not one that corresponds to conventional understandings of what and where borders are in contemporary political life. Rather, the UK border is increasingly projected overseas and across UK territory, ever more invisible, electronic, and mobile through the use of sophisticated identity management technologies and is based on principles of preemption. In search of critical resources appropriate to the analysis of these practices, I draw on the work of Michel Foucault, Giorgio Agamben, and Jean Baudrillard and argue that the UK case is symptomatic of broader attempts to simulate the effect of security in the West.
Impact of a cognitive computing clinical trial matching system in an ambulatory oncology practice.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

6550 Background: Only 3-5% of cancer patients participate in clinical trials even though up to 20% are eligible. Cognitive computing has promising potential to assist trial enrollment efficiency and accuracy by performing background analytics. The Watson for Clinical Trial Matching (CTM) cognitive system utilizes natural language processing to derive patient and tumor attributes from unstructured text in the electronic health record that can be matched to complex eligibility criteria in trial protocols. Screening patients for trials was performed on an ad hoc basis with traditional methods prior to implementation of the CTM system in the Mayo Clinic breast oncology practice. Methods: The Watson CTM system was trained by Mayo subject matter experts and implemented in July 2016. Systemic therapy trials enrolling breast cancer patients were included in the system. Clinical research coordinators validated Watson-derived clinical trial matches on the day prior to patient clinic visits. They gave the oncology providers a list of matched trials for each patient to facilitate treatment decision making at point of care. Enrollment and timing metrics were tracked and compared with manual screening methods. Results: Watson CTM facilitated screening of all breast cancer patients for systemic therapy trials with matches validated by coordinators in 40% of patients. Over the 18 month (mo) period following implementation, 6.3 patients/mo were enrolled to breast cancer systemic therapy trials compared with 3.5 patients/mo in the period prior. The average monthly enrollment increased by 80%. This was further increased to 8.1 patients/mo when including accruals to breast cancer cohorts of phase I trials within the experimental therapeutics program. Time to match patients to trials with the CTM system was faster than manual methods but variable depending on the role of the screener and the depth of the matching. Conclusions: Implementation of the Watson for CTM system with a screening coordinator team was associated with an increase in breast cancer clinical trial enrollment. The system enabled high volume screening in an efficient manner and promoted awareness of clinical trial opportunities within the breast oncology practice.
Psychosocial wellbeing of patients with multidrug resistant tuberculosis voluntarily confined to long-term hospitalisation in Nigeria

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Patient isolation, which is a widely successful treatment strategy for tuberculosis (TB), has been suspected to have effects on patient psychosocial wellbeing. We assessed the psychosocial wellbeing of multidrug resistant TB (MDR-TB) patients in voluntary and isolated longterm hospitalisation in Nigeria. 98 accessible and consenting patients in four drug-resistant treatment centres (University College Hospital and Government Chest Hospital, Ibadan; Mainland Hospital, Lagos, and Lawrence Henshaw Memorial Hospital, Calabar) were enrolled in this study. Females had more psychosocial concerns compared with males. The most common concerns recorded among respondents were concern that people will get to know that the respondent had a bad type of TB (70%), discontent with being separated from and longing for the company of their marital partner (72%), concerns that they may have taken too many drugs (73%), and displeasure with being unable to continue to engage in their usual social and economic activities (75%). Respondents who were employed had eight times the odds of having more psychosocial concerns than the median number among respondents. Respondents who were supported by their own families during hospitalisation experienced a lower burden of psychosocial concerns compared with those
Healthy way of life of population of Southern Siberia: state motivation and peculiarities of the regions

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The article presents and discusses the problems of the realization of the national goals, aimed at strengthening and saving of the population health, improvement of activities of health authorities. Special attention is paid to the goals: preservation of the population, health and wellness of people; comfortable and safe living environment. Russian Federation, Southern Siberian macroregion (Novosibirsk, Omsk, Tomsk and Kemerovo regions, Altai Territory and Republic of Altai) were chosen as the object of the study. The informational basis of the study was formed by open data of the Federal State Statistics Service, territorial bodies of the Federal State Statistics Service, information available at the websites of regulatory bodies of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, authorial assessments of the discussed problems, events and processes. Conclusions were drawn and recommendations were made.
Fake News Detection of COVID-19 on Twitter Platform: A Review

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In the 21st century, it was found that rather than conventional media such as print media, a larger number of participants consumed news from search engines and social media. The goal of this research is to examine the false news on the Twitter platform connected to COVID-19. A difficult task for humans is to recognize such false facts. Many researchers faced difficulties to identify the issue statements and their attributes in describing fake news. Attempts have been devoted to addressing this issue with techniques of deep learning and machine learning. In fake news identification, the effect of linguistic features and contextual characteristics areanalysed and some techniques such as Naive Bayes, Decision tree, Hybrid CNN, KNN, and SVMare compared. This study reviewed the current and past literature suggested by the researchers to detect fake news.Approaches are based on content types (textual or image-based) to overcome the problem more smartly and to achieve enhanced classification results.The main purpose of this paper is to review literature for COVID-19 fake news detection on Twitter using machine learning and deep learning method
Constrained Peptidomimetics Reveal Detailed Geometric Requirements of Covalent Prolyl Oligopeptidase Inhibitors

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Prolyl oligopeptidases cleave peptides on the carboxy side of internal proline residues and their inhibition has potential in the treatment of human brain disorders. Using our docking program fitted, we have designed a series of constrained covalent inhibitors, built from a series of bicyclic scaffolds, to study the optimal shape required for these small molecules. These structures bear nitrile functional groups that we predicted to covalently bind to the catalytic serine of the enzyme. Synthesis and biological assays using human brain-derived astrocytic cells and endothelial cells and human fibroblasts revealed that these compounds act as selective inhibitors of prolyl oligopeptidase activity compared to prolyl-dipeptidyl-aminopeptidase activity, are able to penetrate the cells and inhibit intracellular activities in intact living cells. This integrated computational and experimental study shed light on the binding mode of inhibitors in the enzyme active site and will guide the design of future drug-like molecules.
An Inquiry on Contrast Enhancement Methods for Satellite Images

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Enhancement algorithms are absolutely necessary for the visualization of both shadowed and bright image regions. Defining algorithms that permit to visualize them simultaneously without altering the image content is therefore extremely relevant for remote sensing applications. In this paper, we present the results of two successive benchmarks which tested the performance of the state-of-the-art contrast enhancement and tone-mapping algorithms applied to satellite images. Experts from the French Space Agency Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES), Service Régional de Traitement d'Image et de Télédétection (SERTIT), and two European universities assessed the quality and fidelity of the results of several state-of-the-art enhancement algorithms on the excerpts from seven images (five Pleiades and two simulated 30-cm images). The first benchmark permitted to tighten the procedure and the selection of the test images for the second one, and to make a first selection of concurrent algorithms. The second benchmark not only included the best algorithms selected by the first benchmark but also added even more competitors in the tone-mapping class. The results of both benchmarks were coherent. They point a particular retinex-based algorithm as the best compromise between the competitive requirements of a contrast enhancement in dark regions and a preservation of detail in bright parts.