jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Initialization of the difference of convex functions optimization algorithm for nonconvex quadratic problems

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The Difference of Convex functions Algorithm (DCA) is used to solve nonconvex optimization problems over a certain convex set, specifically quadratic programming ones, generally by finding approximate solutions. DCA efficiency depends on two basic parameters that directly affect the speed of its convergence towards the optimal solution. The first parameter is the selected decomposition and the second is the assigned initial point. The aim of this study was to create a new algorithm that allows overcoming the need for a pre-selected initial estimate of the DCA. To achieve this aim, we performed an experimental study with 107 test problems using an implementation framework with MATLAB. Assessment was based on key performance indicators: (a) the time required to reach the initial point and solution and (b) the number of iterations. We selected three initial points, the first (xlin 0) is the minimum of the linear part of the nonconvex quadratic problem (NCQP), the second (xcvx 0) is the approximate global minimum of the convex part, and the third (xcve 0) is the approximate global minimum of the concave part. We compared between the minimuma computed by DCA for each of the three initial estimates. The results demonstrated clear advantage of the DCA algorithm with (xlin 0). Based on this outcome, we constructed a novel algorithm called Initialized DCA (IDCA) that allows implementation of the DCA with the best initial estimate without the requirement for a pre-determined initial point.
Late‐Stage Functionalization of Histidine in Unprotected Peptides

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The late‐stage functionalization (LSF) of peptides represents a valuable strategy for the design of potent peptide pharmaceuticals by enabling rapid exploration of chemical diversity and offering novel opportunities for peptide conjugation. While the C(sp 2 )−H activation of tryptophan (Trp) is well documented, the resurgence of radical chemistry is opening new avenues for the C−H functionalization of other aromatic side‐chains. Herein, we report the first example of LSF at C2 of histidine (His) utilizing a broad scope of aliphatic sulfinate salts as radical precursors. In this work, the exquisite selectivity for histidine functionalization was demonstrated through the alkylation of complex unprotected peptides in aqueous media. Finally, this methodology was extended for the installation of a ketone handle, providing an unprecedented anchor for selective oxime/hydrazone conjugation at histidine.
AMEC - facilitating a user centred evolution to ambient intelligent environments

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

DOI: 10.1049/cp:20060679 ISBN: 0 86341 663 2 Location: Athens, Greece Conference date: 5-6 July 2006 Format: PDF As digital technologies become increasingly pervasive, we might find ourselves living with almost invisible, intelligent interactive systems - an 'ambient intelligence' - that forms a part of our everyday existence and ecology. The implications of this development are far reaching for individuals, businesses and communities. Ambient intelligence could lead to great opportunities. But as with all new technologies, we know that the technology itself is neither good nor bad. It is how we might use it that makes the difference. The main challenge at this moment is to guarantee that the new ambient intelligence technologies are appropriate, sustainable and meet people's individual and social needs. The AMEC project explores how an ambient ecology of products, services and content that is adaptive and intuitive to use can support domestic life in the connected home of the future. (7 pages) Inspec keywords: interactive systems; home automation Subjects: User interfaces; Home computing; Automated buildings; Control engineering computing
Data and codes behind "Crowdsourced mapping of unexplored target space of kinase inhibitors"

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This repository contains the data underlying the figures in the journal publication describing the IDG-DREAM Drug Kinase Binding Prediction Challenge [1] as well as archives of the two following GitHub repositories: IDG-DREAM-Challenge-Analysis-ncomms.zip (https://github.com/Sage-Bionetworks/IDG-DREAM-Challenge-Analysis): codes for reproducing the analyses described in [1]; licence Apache 2.0. IDG-DREAM-Drug-Kinase-Challenge-ncomms.zip (https://github.com/Sage-Bionetworks/IDG-DREAM-Drug-Kinase-Challenge): codes used for the Challenge scoring; licence Apache 2.0. References
[1] Cichońska A, Ravikumar B, Allaway RJ, Wan F, Park S, Isayev O, Li S, Mason M, Lamb A, Tanoli Z, Jeon M, Kim S, Popova M, Capuzzi S, Zeng J, Dang K, Koytiger G, Kang J, Wells CI, Willson TM, The IDG-DREAM Drug-Kinase Binding Prediction Challenge Consortium, Oprea TI, Schlessinger A, Drewry DH, Stolovitzky G, Wennerberg K, Guinney J, Aittokallio T. Crowdsourced mapping of unexplored target space of kinase inhibitors. Nature Communications 2021.
Supervisor: Ziad Taib Deterministic and Stochastic Modeling of Insulin Sensitivity.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Diabetes mellitus is a common disease where a person has high blood glucose levels. The disease has two main causes. The first one is inability of the pancreas to produce enough insulin. The second one is the inability of cells to respond to the insulin produced by the pancreas. In type 2 diabetes patients, the body fails to respond to insulin which results in low “insulin sensitivity”. In this thesis, measurements from Intra Venous Glucose Tolerance Test (IVGTT) for both healthy subjects and type 2 diabetes patients were used together with Bergman’s deterministic minimal model (ODE) to estimate the insulin sensitivity based on a nonlinear mixed effect model. In addition to the IVGTT data some basic covariates were included and tested for significance. Type 2 diabetes patients are shown to be less sensitive to insulin than healthy subjects and thus need larger amount of insulin to lower blood glucose level. A linear regression model from the covariates was used for estimating insulin sensitivity but did not give conclusive results. The covariates were included in the nonlinear mixed effect model to achieve better parameter estimates. By incorporating the covariates the estimated standard deviation for insulin sensitivity
Odkrywanie tajskości – Wichit Wathakan i powstanie tajskiej tożsamości narodowej

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Discovering Thainess – Wichit Wathakan and Creation of Thai National Identity‘Thainess’ is a term deeply ingrained into political discourse of Kingdom of Thailand. Politicians from different camps and parties use it to this day. This quite new concept was defined by Wichit Wathakan, who created a political philosophy around it. His works set a tone of discussion about the nation and the state in Thailand back in the 1930s. His concepts are still alive and well, and also more apparent than those proposed by his opponents. This article explains reasons of emerging of nationalism in Thailand and Thai nationalism, as well as character of both of them.
Injury prevention programs: do they really make a difference?

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Brain and spinal cord injuries are a leading cause of death and disability for the youth of Canada (Damba et al, 1996). The costs of these injuries to the individual, the family, and society at large are immense. Most of these injuries are preventable (Tator et al, 1993). Over the last decade, a number of injury prevention programs have been developed to address the high incidence of traumatic central nervous system (CNS) injuries in young people. However, what remains unclear is how effective these programs are in terms of altering risk-taking behaviours. The following paper/presentation will highlight three injury prevention programs currently offered in the Toronto area: The Party Program. The Heroes Program, and The Think First Program. Each program will be outlined in terms of historical development and infrastructure, content, setting, format, and intended audience. In addition, each program will be evaluated based on criteria established by the author. Measurement of outcomes will also be addressed.
Fuzzy logic controller in quadcopter

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This report presents the findings of implementing fuzzy logic controller in UAV itself. The main focus here is to compare the difference between the conventional PID controller and fuzzy logic controller in terms of stability. UAV possess nonlinear characteristics. PID controller is a type of linear control. Undoubtedly, using a linear controller to control a nonlinear system is bound to have instability issues. However, fuzzy logic controller is a type of nonlinear controller. Logically speaking, using fuzzy controller to control a nonlinear system will yield a better performance. Matlab is used to design the fuzzy controller and was tested with Simulink simulation. The result has shown that fuzzy controller has a better steady state response in accordance to the setpoint over PID controller. Fuzzy controller was also converted to C language and implemented into multiwii source codes. After testing the fuzzy codes on quadcopter, it was found that quadcopter reacts much quicker than the PID controller.
An 8-channel neural recording system with programmable gain and bandwidth

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

In this paper we present the design and implementation of an 8-channel programmable neural recording system that can be used to study and record electrophysiological data of freely behaving animals. Each neural amplifier has two programmable gains in two programmable bandwidths. The bandwidths are programmable between 0.1-300Hz, suitable to measure local field potentials and 0.3-4kHz, suitable for measuring action potentials. The programmable gains are 54dB, 66dB in the lower bandwidth region and 80dB, 86dB in the higher bandwidth region. A chip has been designed and implemented using a 0.5μm technology working at 3.3V.
New Media and Arab-Israeli Conflict: Dynamics, Impact And Challenges

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

With the advent of new media 5.0, national and ethnic identities in the Arab-Israeli conflict have been altered, and social media has become a crucial source of communication and information for both factions involved in the conflict. These platforms have raised questions about the influence of social media on the formation of national and ethnic identities during conflict. The objective of this paper is to examine the role of new media especially social media in shaping national and ethnic identities in the Arab-Israeli conflict. This paper will conduct a comprehensive review of existing literature and studies on the topic. The findings of this study revealed that new media has had a significant impact on shaping national and ethnic identities in the Arab-Israeli conflict. Social media platforms have provided a space for people on both sides of the conflict to express their opinions and connect with others who share their views. However, social media has also facilitated the spread of misinformation, propaganda, and hate speech, which has reinforced existing biases and deepened divisions between groups. The paper also highlights the potential of new media in supporting conflict resolution efforts, such as by facilitating dialogue and promoting understanding. The study suggest governments, media practitioners, and civil society players to handle new media concerns in the Arab-Israeli conflict. This involves fighting misinformation and hate speech, encouraging social media responsibility, and using new media to resolve conflicts.
Microcredit in Uganda: Fundamental Reform or Just another Neoliberal Policy?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Widespread global initiatives aimed at improving conditions for the world’s poor have frequently begun with the vision of just a few people. Examples are numerous but in this paper we focus on micro-enterprise credit (microcredit). In the case of microcredit, a widespread movement has placed projects in many countries throughout the developing world. Microcredit is typically made available to women who would otherwise not have access to loans on reasonable terms. While some view microcredit as a revolutionary means of improving both the lives of women and the poor more generally, others argue it is a band aid approach to development, rooted in a neoliberal logic that does very little in terms of enacting real, long-term change. These arguments, however, are often based on evidence from Asian or other non-African countries and so don’t account for different models of microcredit or cultural context in shaping outcomes for women and their families. We address these issues through a qualitative study of three microcredit groups in the east African country of Uganda. Based on qualitative interviews, we argue that microcredit holds a number of possibilities for women and their communities including healthier families and educated children as well as more intangible benefits such as feelings of solidarity and self-confidence. While our interviews suggest a number of benefits of micro-enterprise credit, we recognize that such programs are not the single solution to poverty. Ultimately, though, we argue that the negatives do not dispel the benefits that can result for many women.
Introduction

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Despite EFFACE being focused principally on environmental crime in the EU, in the book we look at non-EU states because they have extensive political, social, and/or economic ties with the EU and, therefore, environmental crime in these countries directly and indirectly affects the EU. This chapter introduces the topic of environmental crime in the EU and presents a discussion of the conceptual understanding of environmental crime from different disciplinary perspectives, such as criminology, economy, and law. Legal scholars often do not question the definition of an environmental crime but take the definitions, as given and defined by means of laws and regulations, as the point of departure. Within green criminology the concept of crime has been expanded beyond its legal definition. It encompasses even those harmful acts that are not legally defined as criminal, but yet are as harmful as any breach of a law or regulation. For economists, the harms of environmental crimes will often be assessed in economic terms, being valuable for what and by what it provides for humans. Economic estimations can also successfully be applied to assess dispersal of victimization, that is, the number of victims involved and the ways in which they are affected. Another approach is typological, listing different forms of environmental harms, for example, those types of environmental crimes that are also 'transnational environmental crimes (…) undertaken by persons acting across national borders including illegal logging and timber smuggling, species smuggling, the black market in ozone depleting substances, the illegal movement of toxic and hazardous waste and other prohibited chemicals etc.' The introduction thereafter provides a brief presentation of the anthology's different chapters.
Oversimplification and misestimation of nitrous oxide emissions from wastewater treatment plants

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Wastewater treatment is a major source of anthropogenic nitrous oxide (N 2 O) emissions. However, the current emission estimations rely on a uniform emission factor (EF) proposed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change based on a limited database suffering from large uncertainties and inaccuracies. To address this limitation, this study expands the database 12-fold and develops a tier-based approach. Our method considers emission variations across spatial scales, treatment processes and monitoring techniques, enabling more-precise estimations. Here, applying this approach to the US database, we highlight the limitations of current estimations based on uniform EFs and quantified the mean wastewater N 2 O emission in the United States to be 11.6 MMT CO 2 -eq. The results also reveal the diverse nature of wastewater N 2 O emissions and underscore the need for a customized approach to inform facility-level N 2 O emission estimation as well as inform national- and sector-wide greenhouse gases inventories with emphasis on site-specific considerations. Overall, this study provides a tool to recalibrate the estimations of wastewater N 2 O emissions, which form the foundation of carbon footprint reduction in wastewater treatment.
Bingöl İli Merkez İlçesi Çiçekyayla Köyü Merasının Ot Verimi ve Otlatma Kapasitesinin Belirlenmesi

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This study was conducted to compare of rangeland vegetation in Çiçekyayla Village, Center-Bingöl, as well as herbage yield and grazing capacity. In the study, the mean green herbage yield and hay herbage yield were determined 178.14 kg/da and 46.49 kg/da. Percent contributions of grasses, legumes and other family plants of the hay yield were 29.61%, 4.08% and 66.31% respectively. The mean quality scores of the pastures it was determined 2.59 and pasture condition class found “poor”. Grazing capacity of the pasture found 1.24 BBHB. The mean crude protein and crude protein yield of the hay herbage yield were determined 16.08% and 7.33 kg/da
Herders’ and livestock professionals’ experiences on past and future developments in yak farming in Bhutan

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In Bhutan yak-based transhumant systems are influenced by socioeconomic developments,regulations, and environmental changes. Little is known about the impact of thesefactors on yak farming practices. The aim was to study perceptions and experiences ofyak herders and livestock professionals on past and future developments in yak farming.Yak herders in three regions (west, n = 22; central, n = 20; east, n = 25) and livestock professionals(n = 28) were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire. Our results showthat at present forage shortage in the rangeland (herders, 93%; livestock professionals,96%), yak mortality (herders, 96%; livestock professionals, 96%) and to a lesser extent labouravailability (herders, 30%; livestock professionals, 96%) are the main concerns in yakfarming. Some factors causing forage shortage, however, are specific to certain regions,e.g. competition with the horse population (west, 91%) and prohibited burning of rangelands(central, 80%; east, 76%). Overall, the market to sell yak products and livestock extensionservices has improved, whereas forage shortage and yak mortality has increased over the years. In addition, family labour available to herd yaks, as well as the number of young family members to take over yak herding has decreased over the years. These key concerns have increased due to socioeconomic developments and strong conservation policy, which also affects the living environment of the yaks. Despite the challenges experienced by herders in yak farming, the majority of herders (81%) wish their children to take up yak farming in the future. About half of the respondents (57%), however, think that yak farming households will decline in the next 10 years. For a sustainable future of yak farming in Bhutan active policy involvement seems to be required to reduce uncertainties and increase livelihood perspectives.
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase-catalyzed cleavage of the glycosidic bond of 5-halogenated uridines.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Because of previous data suggesting that aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases make a transient Michael adduct with a specific uridine residue in the tRNA structure, (Schoemaker, H.J.P., and Schimmel, P.R. (1977) Biochemistry 16, 5454-5460) attempts were made to find simple model systems in which this reaction might be studied in more detail. In the course of these investigations, it was found that Escherichia coli Ile-tRNA synthetase catalyzes cleavage of the glycosidic bond of 5-bromouridine. At pH 7.5, ambient temperatures, the turnover number is roughly 5/h. 5-Fluoro-, 5-chloro-, and 5-iodouridine are also cleaved in an analogous way by Ile-tRNA synthetase. In the case of uridine, conversion of uridine to uracil and ribose was also detected, but with a smaller turnover number. Three other E. coli and one mammalian aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases were also examined and all were found to catalyze glycosidic bond cleavage of 5-bromouridine. The data indicate that, in general, synthetases have a catalytic center that shows an unusual reactivity for uridine.
Antimicrobial activity assay of Tabernaemontana coronaria

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The in vitro antimicrobial activity of Tabernaemontana coronaria leaf Fresh and Methanolic extracts has been investigated against E. coli , K. pneumonia , S. typhimurium , S. flexneri and S. aureus. The fresh and methanolic extract of Tabernaemontana coronaria showed activity against nearly all the test microorganisms. The inhibitory activities of methanolic extracts are highly significant in magnitude when compared with that of standard antibiotic used.
A Multi-entity Operation Strategy for Integrated Landscape Energy Systems Considering Cooperative Games from a Synergy Perspective

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

In this study, we propose a multi-body operation strategy for a scenic integrated energy system that takes cooperative game into account in order to promote the "double carbon" plan and the more efficient utilization of clean energy. Initially, the respective operation models for wind farms, photovoltaic systems, and integrated energy systems are established. A cooperative operation model of the integrated landscape energy system is established and translated into subproblems of coalition benefit maximization and power trading payment using Nash's negotiation theory. This paper proposes a solution algorithm for the coalition benefit maximization and power transaction payment problems using the alternating direction multiplier method, as each entity can only cooperate in their respective domains using local information. The results of the case study indicate that the strategy effectively resolves the problem of electric energy trading and price between energy entities in the integrated scenic system, thereby increasing the benefits of cooperative operation for each entity. Reducing the feed-in tariff of wind and light can also improve the cooperation between wind, light, and integrated energy systems.