jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Research Trends of the Traditional Korean Medicine Treatment for Atopic Dermatitis -Based on the Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine-

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives The goal of this review was to investigate clinical, experimental and literature studies of Korean medicine on atopic dermatitis (AD) of Korean children in Korean medicine literature, seeking for the better research methods for more effective treatments. Methods Electronic investigations were practiced on AKOP (The Association of Korean Oriental Pediatrics, http://www.akop.or.kr) to collect theses which were published by J Pediatr Korean Med. The key word 'Atopy' was used for searching to ensure that every related thesis was collected. The publication date was limited from 1996 to 2016. The selected literatures were assessed mainly according to distributions of study type, publication year, scale, treatment and its efficacy. Results 55 papers were selected from 59 studies. In these collected 55 related theses, there were 29 experimental studies (52.73%), 18 clinical studies (32.73%), 8 review studies (14.55%). In the 29 experimental studies, there were 20 studies (68.97%) using NC/Nga mouse as subjects. The mite antigen was used to trigger AD by 8 studies (27.59%). The studies have been utilizing DNCB and DNFB instead of mite antigen since 2011. All the experimental studies showed that the Korean medicine was effective in AD. In total 18 clinical studies, 3 studies (16.67%) were case reports, only 1 thesis (5.56%) was conducted by case control study and the rest were case series studies. 7 studies (38.89%) of 18 studies diagnosed AD according to Hanifin and Rajka's diagnostic criteria (1980), only 1 study (5.56%) according to the Korean standard and the rest 10 studies (55.56%) didn't mention diagnostic criteria. 12 clinical studies (66.67%) showed efficacy in treating AD. There were 10 studies (55.56%) only employing internal treatments and 1 thesis (5.56%) didn't mention the exact prescription. Naesowhajungtang-kamibang, Saenghyeoryunbue-um were used 3 times (16.67%) as the internal medicine respectively. 5 theses (27.78%) were combined with acupuncture therapy. Hegu (LI4), Sanyinjiao (SP6) were used in 4 theses, and Taichong (LR3), Quchi (LI11), Zusanli (ST36) in 3 theses. The number of acupoints chosen from The Spleen meridian of Foot-Taiyin was the largest. There were 8 review theses. 2 were about the foreign oriental medicine, 3 were about the external medicine or external treatment methods, and 3 other studies were about severity scoring systems, the methodological study in the latest clinical study, overview for pattern and results of herbal medicine-derived AD clinical researches. Conclusions The experimental studies and clinical studies showed the effectiveness of Korean medicine treatments. However, this study still needs improving by conducting more comparative studies and using better research methods, in order to find more effective treatments to improve clinical efficacy.
Fibronectin fragments induce MMP activity in mouse mammary epithelial cells: evidence for a role in mammary tissue remodeling

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Mammary gland form and function are regulated by interactions between epithelium and extracellular matrix. Major glycoprotein components of extracellular matrix have been identified that give survival, proliferation and differentiation signals to mammary epithelial cells. We provide evidence that proteolytic fragments of the extracellular matrix glycoprotein, fibronectin, suppress growth and can promote apoptosis of mouse mammary epithelial cells. During mammary gland involution, total fibronectin and fibronectin fragment levels are increased. The peak levels of fibronectin protein and fragments are observed 4-6 days post-weaning, coincident with the peak in epithelial cell death. Using a model for hormone withdrawal-induced death of mammary epithelium, elevated levels of fibronectin proteolytic fragments were associated with apoptosis in TM-6 cells, a tumorigenic mouse mammary epithelial cell line. Treatment of TM-6 cells with exogenous fibronectin fragments (FN120) reduced cell number, and induced apoptosis and matrix degrading protease activity. Inhibition of matrix protease activity rescued TM-6 cell viability, indicating that FN120-induced cell loss is mediated through matrix protease activity. In a three-dimensional model for mammary gland development, FN120 reduced alveolar-like and promoted ductal-like development by a matrix protease-dependent mechanism. These data suggest that during post-lactational involution, fibronectin fragments may contribute to epithelial cell loss and dissolution of mammary alveoli by inducing matrix degrading proteinases.
Problems in wound healing associated with chemotherapy and radiation therapy.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Chemotherapy and radiation therapy are combined with surgery to treat locally invasive, nonresectable, or potentially metastatic tumors. The goal of combination therapy is to decrease the tumor burden with cytoreductive surgery so that residual tumor cells are more sensitive to adjuvant therapy. Adjuvant chemotherapy or radiation therapy is most beneficial when given in the immediate perioperative period. However, surgical wounds are also susceptible to growth inhibition by these agents. This chapter reviews the potential problems associated with surgery in the cancer patient and the effect of chemotherapy and radiation therapy on wound healing.
Archeology of Cheboksary: Problems of Study, Protection and Museumification

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The paper focuses on issues of Cheboksary’s archaeology. The article briefly describes the city’s location and provides information on its name, establishment and development. Particular sections concentrate on the state registration of archaeological sites within Cheboksary. These sections are also dedicated to the borders of the city’s cultural layers. It draws conclusions about the exploration degree and critical problems in studying Cheboksary. The authors highlight the importance of rescue archeology within the city. The article discusses methodology for excavations in the anthropogenic environment. In terms of this methodology the authors analyze the notion of “ballast layer”, record keeping methods and selection. The research concerns methodology for working with finds aiming to distinguish mass and individual findings and determine their storage. The paper reviews options for introducing archaeological finds into the historical & cultural, architectural & artistic environment (museumification of archaeological sites) in Cheboksary.
Exposure to itraconazole influences the susceptibility to antifungals, physiology, and virulence of Trichophyton interdigitale

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Dermatophytosis is the most common human skin infection worldwide caused by dermatophytes, such as Trichophyton interdigitale and Trichophyton rubrum. Itraconazole (ITZ) is one of the main antifungals used to treat these infections. However, especially for onychomycosis, the treatment requires long-term regimens, increasing the possibility of drug resistance. We evaluated the effects of ITZ in the physiology, virulence, and interaction of T. interdigitale with phagocytes and mice cutaneous infection. In a screening test, fungal growth in the presence of ITZ led to the spontaneous selection of less susceptible T. interdigitale and T. rubrum strains. Interestingly, this phenotype was permanent for some T. interdigitale strains. Then, we studied three T. interdigitale strains: one susceptible and two ITZ-adapted. The ITZ-adapted strains were also less susceptible to the cell wall and membrane stressors, suggesting a multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotype associated with the increased ERG11 and MDR3 expression. These strains also presented substantial alterations in ergosterol content, lipid peroxidation, biofilm, and extracellular matrix production. During interaction with macrophages, ITZ-adapted strains were less engulfed but increased the intracellular oxidative and nitrosative bursts. In addition, ITZ-adapted strains presented a reduced ability to grow in a murine model of dermatophytosis, although causing the same tissue damage as the parental strain. In conclusion, the T. interdigitale ITZ adaptation increases tolerance to antifungals and alters the interaction with macrophages and a mammalian host. We hypothesized that successive exposure to ITZ may influence the emergence of adapted strains and lead to the recalcitrance of dermatophytosis.
Serum homocysteine is associated with the severity of primary chronic venous disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective This study was conducted to assess whether serum homocysteine concentration was associated with the severity of primary chronic venous disease. Design Cross-sectional study. Methods A total of 282 primary chronic venous disease patients were enrolled from outpatient vascular services. The severity of venous disease was graded using the Clinical Etiology Anatomy Pathophysiology classification system. The association of serum homocysteine concentration with advanced primary chronic venous disease (C4-6) was assessed using the Mann Whitney U test and logistic regression analysis. Results Median (interquartile range) serum homocysteine concentrations were 9.10 µM (7.55–10.75) and 10.40 µM (8.85–13.10) in patients with primary chronic venous disease classified by C1-3 (n = 209) and C4-6 (n = 73) grades, respectively, p < 0.001. Serum homocysteine concentration was positively associated with clinical grade 4–6 after adjusting for other risk factors including age, diabetes, male sex, hypertension, recurrent varicose veins and stroke. Patients with serum homocysteine in the third (odds ratio, 2.76, 95% confidence interval, 1.01–7.54) and fourth (odds ratio 3.29, 95% confidence interval 1.15–9.43) quartiles were more likely to have grade C4-6 chronic venous disease than subjects with serum homocysteine in the first quartile. Conclusions Serum homocysteine is positively associated with the severity of primary chronic venous disease and therefore could play a role in promoting chronic venous disease complications.
An immersive simulation strategy to teach canine vaginal cytology: A multi‐centre study

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Vaginal cytology (VC) is an essential technique for monitoring the bitch's estrus cycle. Currently, animal‐free teaching methodologies have not been investigated for VC. Hence, this study aimed to evaluate an immersive simulation with a VC model and augmented reality tools. Students ( n = 219) from four universities were enrolled, having learning stations with models for practising VC that provided immediate feedback on the technique. Augmented reality tools comprised QR codes that endorsed students to short videos of owners' avatars reporting the clinical reproductive story of the simulated animals and slides with QR codes leading to microscopy slide navigation videos. Proestrus, estrus, diestrus, anestrus and vaginitis were identified in the learning stations. The students' perceptions were evaluated through questionnaires assessing satisfaction, motivation, confidence, impact on learning and diagnostic accuracy. Before the immersive simulation, students had no experience with VC, being afraid of doing a VC with a live dog. Almost all the students considered practicing VC as essential and 94% reported that repeating the procedure (>2 times) was the most important parameter for learning. The simulation activity lasted ≈3 h and significantly improved the confidence of students, being less afraid of doing a VC in a live animal. Slide navigation videos improved the diagnostic accuracy of the estrus cycle stage, and students diagnosed the estrus and vaginitis cases more accurately. The immersive simulation strategy allowed repeated practice in a safe, motivated and standardized environment, being appraised by students as an essential strategy for learning VC.
Gunship Diplomacy : carrier based close air support for joint expeditionary forces

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This study examines whether current and future strategy, doctrine, and programmed systems are suitable to perform fire support and specifically, close air support (CAS)and close air support/troops-in-contact (CAS/TIC) missions for joint expeditionary warfare. Naval forces will provide the "enabling" power for this new come-as-you-are environment. To offset reductions in organic fire support, more frequent and sustained application of CAS and CAS/TIC will be required by joint expeditionary forces. To comparatively analyze selected CAS platforms, the study uses four air-to-ground measures of merit (MOM); (1) target detection/recognition; (2) lethality; (3) survivability; and (4) combat persistence. The results paint and bleak picture of current capability. Therefore, a Carrier-Based Gunship (CBG) concept is presented to fill this void. The concept is more important than the selection of one particular platform. For illustrative purposes, three CBG candidates were evaluated using AC-130 gunship systems and employment as a guide coupled with the four MOM as the baseline. The CBG would be situated on a forward-deployed carrier, close enough to the objective area to provide sustained CAS/TIC support for joint expeditionary forces.
Nodular Fibrosis of the Spleen Associated with Filaria Loa

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Summary 1. Groups of microfilariae aggregate in the spleen of some cases of Filaria loa infection. 2. These areas of localization are associated with an inflammatory reaction and fibrosis. 3. A tissue eosinophilia accompanies the filarial inflammation. 4. These reactions in the spleen may be analogous to the external chronic Calabar swellings.
Generation Y and employer brand : an exploratory study on what attracts them.

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This research explores what employer brand means to Generation Y (Gen-Y) jobseekers in Singapore. The components of organisation reputation and job attributes are chosen to represent employer brand. Based on 187 responses collected for our survey, factor analysis is carried out to create the resulting six factors or types of employer brand that are attractive to these jobseekers. The three factors under the component of organisation reputation are Social Responsibility, Organisation Structure and Rewards, and Competitive Multinational Corporations (MNC), while the three factors under the component of Job Attributes are Employee Engagement, Employee Development, and Work-Life Balance. A cluster analysis is conducted on the eight personality aspects adopted to create three clusters or profiles of personality. Members of Cluster 1 are high in collectivism and low in neuroticism (collectivists with low neuroticism), members of Cluster 2 are high in self-efficacy and low in extraversion (introverts with high self-efficacy), and members of Cluster 3 are high in self-efficacy and low in external locus of control (the “go-getters”). Multiple regression analyses and ANOVA analyses show the relationship between the factors of employer brand, the profiles of personality and variables such as gender. Taking gender into account, Social Responsibility, Employee Development and Work-Life Balance are more attractive to females than males. A jobseeker’s personality exerts significant influence on his attraction to any of the factors of employer brand except Work-Life Balance. In terms of the three personality profiles, all the factors of employer brand except Employee Development and Work-Life Balance are more attractive to Cluster 1 (collectivists with low neuroticism) than Clusters 2 (introverts with high self-efficacy) and 3 (the “go-getters”). Overall, we hope that the findings from this research will help organisations in creating their value proposition and positioning themselves better to their target group.
Structure of the Metal−Water Complex in Ras·GDP Studied by High-Field EPR Spectroscopy and 31P NMR Spectroscopy

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The small GTPase Ras plays a key role as a molecular switch in the intercellular signal transduction. On Mg(2+) --> Mn(2+) substituted samples, the first ligand sphere of the metal ion in the inactive, GDP-bound Ras has been studied by continuous wave EPR at 94 GHz (W-band). Via replacement of normal water with (17)O-enriched water, the (17)O--(55)Mn superhyperfine coupling was used to determine the number of water ligands bound to the metal ion. In contrast to EPR data on frozen solutions and X-ray data from single crystals where four direct ligands to the metal ion are found, the wild-type protein has only three water ligands bound in solution at room temperature. The same number of water ligands is found for the mutant Ras(T35S). However, for the alanine mutant in position 35 Ras(T35A) as well as for the oncogenic mutant Ras(G12V), four water ligands can be observed in liquid solution. The EPR studies were supplemented by (31)P NMR studies on the Mg(2+) x GDP complexes of the wild-type protein and the three mutants. Ras(T35A) exists in two conformational states (1 and 2) with an equilibrium constant K(1)(1,2) of approximately 0.49 and rate constants k(1--1) which are much smaller than 40 s(-1) at 298 K. For wild-type Ras and Ras(T35S), the two states can also be observed with equilibrium constants K(1)(1,2) of approximately 0.31 and 0.21, respectively. In Ras(G12V), only one conformational state could be detected.
Construction of tissue-engineered cartilage with different biological scaffolds in vitro

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This study aims to find out which polymeric scaffolds were more appropriate for the construction of tissue engineering cartilage. Rat costal cartilage chondrocytes were cultured in vitro. The first generation of chondrocytes was used as seed cells and inoculated in chitosan/gelatin and bone matrix gelatin (BMG)/fibrin glue scaffolds. Haematoxylin and eosin staining, toluidine blue staining, safranine O, immunological detection, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations were implemented. After2 weeks, all stains of BMG/fibrin glue showed that chondrocytes were uniformly distributed on the surface and inside of the material, and collagen and type II collagen staining was positive. There were slightly more cells on chitosan/gelatin than on BMG/fibrin glue. However, the number of internal cells was small with non-uniform distribution and the staining result was not as apparent as that of BMG/fibrin glue. As the culture time lengthened, results displayed a large quantity of expression of specific collagen and typed II collagen of chondrocytes, with chitosan/gelatin showing obvious advantages over BMG/fibrin glue material. The chitosan/gelatin contributed to maintaining chondrocyte phenotype and secretion of the extracellular matrix. Tissue engineering cartilage was successfully constructed in vitro. Moreover, such tissue growth, proliferation and matrix secretion of chondrocytes on chitosan/gelatin were superior to those on BMG/fibrin glue scaffold.
Development and application of a diagnostic instrument to evaluate secondary students' conceptions of qualitative analysis

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The primary purpose of this study was to develop a two-tier multiple choice diagnostic instrument to assess Singapore Grade 10 students' (15 to 17 years old) understanding and alternative conceptions of qualitative analysis. Additional and related purposes were to determine whether more advanced chemistry students, for example, junior college (Grade 11 and 12) students, undergraduates and graduate trainee-teachers have a better understanding of basic qualitative analysis than secondary students, and to develop appropriate teaching strategies and materials on qualitative analysis based on the findings of this study and a review of the literature on practical work.The results from the administration of the diagnostic instrument showed that Singapore Grade 10 students had many alternative conceptions related to qualitative analysis, and these were grouped under the headings of 'Displacement', 'Redox', 'Dissolution', 'Addition of acid' and 'Heating'. The cross-age study showed that the more advanced chemistry students generally had a better understanding of basic qualitative analysis but had similar alternative conceptions as the Grade 10 students. However, the alternative conceptions identified were consistently held by only a small number of students across all contexts examined in the diagnostic instrument, suggesting that a number of students either had more than one conception for a particular concept or no conceptions at all. The results from the trial of the qualitative analysis teaching package indicated that the teaching package was feasible. Teachers involved in the trial found it structured and comprehensive, and the students who experienced the teaching package performed better on the diagnostic instrument than a comparison group.The study recommends that better ways of conducting qualitative analysis practical work are required, and using the teaching package may be a step in this direction. The study also raises questions about the value of teaching qualitative analysis in secondary schools when important reactions involved in qualitative analysis are omitted from the syllabus, and when there is little incentive and time in the school curriculum for learners to understand what they are doing in qualitative analysis.
Knockdown of SLC35F2 Inhibits the Proliferation and Metastasis of Bladder Cancer Cells

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Mei Chen,1 Xin Gao,2 Denggao Huang,1 Shunlan Wang,1 Linlin Zheng,1 Yinyi Chen,3 Xiaohong Wen,1 Yuanhui Gao,1 Hui Cao,1 Shufang Zhang1 1Central Laboratory, Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, Haikou 570208, People&amp;rsquo;s Republic of China; 2Clinical Laboratory, The First People&amp;rsquo;s Hospital of Huaihua, Huaihua 418000, People&amp;rsquo;s Republic of China; 3Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang 421001, People&amp;rsquo;s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Shufang ZhangCentral Laboratory, Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, No.43 Renmin Avenue, Haikou City, Haikou Province 570208, People&amp;rsquo;s Republic of ChinaEmail zsf66189665@126.comBackground: Many studies have shown that solute carrier family 35 member F2 (SLC35F2) plays a key role in the biological processes of multiple cancers. However, there have been no reports on the role of SLC35F2 in the occurrence and development of bladder cancer (BC).Methods: SLC35F2 expression data and clinical and prognostic information from BC patients were obtained from databases. SLC35F2 expression in BC was verified by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The influence of SLC35F2 knockdown on the proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion in the 5637 and T24 cell lines was studied, and tumor formation experiments were performed in nude mice. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was used to predict the pathways and functions of SLC35F2 in BC.Results: SLC35F2 was highly expressed in BC tissues and was associated with invasiveness and T stage in BC patients. SLC35F2 knockdown can inhibit the proliferation, migration and invasion of BC cells and can promote apoptosis. SLC35F2 knockdown significantly reduced tumorigenesis in nude mice. GSEA showed that BC, pathways in cancer, apoptosis and the P53 signaling pathway were significantly enriched in SLC35F2 high expression phenotype.Conclusion: SLC35F2 can promote malignant progression and is a potential therapeutic target in BC.Keywords: bladder cancer, SLC35F2, proliferation, migration, invasion