jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Glutamatergic inhibition of voltage-operated calcium channels in the avian cochlear nucleus

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The auditory nerve serves as the only excitatory input to neurons in the avian cochlear nucleus, nucleus magnocellularis (NM). NM neurons in immature animals are dependent upon auditory nerve signals; when deprived of them, many NM neurons die, and the rest atrophy. Auditory nerve terminals release glutamate, which can stimulate second messenger systems by activating a metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR). Therefore, it is possible that the effectors of mGluR-stimulated signal transduction systems are needed for NM neuronal survival. This study shows that mGluR activation in NM neurons attenuates voltage-dependent changes in [Ca2+]j. Voltage-dependent Ca2+ influx was also attenuated by increasing cAMP with forskolin, VIP, or 8-bromo-cAMP, indicating that mGluR activation may stimulate adenylate cyclase. The main results may be summarized as follows. NM neurons possess high voltage-activated Ca2+ channels that were modulated by quisqualate, glutamate, and (+/- )trans-ACPD, in that order of potency. Glutamatergic inhibition of Ca2+ influx was not blocked by L-AP3 or L-AP4, which antagonize the actions of mGluRs in other neural systems; it was blocked by serine-O- phosphate. Finally, the attenuation of voltage-dependent Ca2+ influx was duplicated by cAMP accumulators. Since NM neurons have high rates of spontaneous activity and higher rates of driven activity, the expression of this mGluR turns out to be very valuable: without it, [Ca2+]j could reach lethal concentrations. These results provide an important clue as to the identity of an intracellular signal that may play an important role in NM neuronal survival.
On Burden: A Study of the Population-Level Health-Effects of Mental Illness

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The burden of disease framework provides a unique tool for rational health systems planning. However, due to methodological constraints it systematically underestimates the burden of mental disorders. I develop a constructive critique of the burden of disease methodology, and a framework to partially correct current estimates. This framework is then applied at different levels -province, country, continent, and globally- with the goal of: (a) adequately informing mental health prioritization and intervention by governments and organizations; (b) detecting disease distribution patterns in countries belonging to different sub-regions and income-levels; (c) understanding the ecological association of group-level poverty and specific mental disorders; (c) quantifying the imbalance between disease burden and government spending on mental health; and (d) making the case for considering the adequate care for mental disorders a global health and development priority. This study of the burden of mental disorders puts it at the top of the disability ranking -and second in the combined ranking of disability and mortality- globally and in the Americas, and provides actionable needs-assessments for governments, multilateral organizations, and non-profits. It provides a life-course perspective on how the epidemiologic transition shapes disease distribution across country-income levels, finds a direct association of the percentage of the population in poverty with group-level depression disability, an inverse association with schizophrenia disability -which can be ascribed to increased lethality in low-income settings-, and a direct effect -controlling for group-level poverty- of disability due to depression in women of child-bearing age on under-five burden due to communicable, perinatal, and nutritional disorders. Also, it finds that the imbalance between burden and spending on mental health -factoring in allocative efficiency- is inversely associated with country income-level in the Americas: poorer countries spend a lower fraction of their health expenditures on mental health and allocate it less efficiently. Finally, I argue that in order to make mental health a global health and development priority, a governance and advocacy effort is required, including the creation of a specific organizational setting of global reach capable of engaging key partners that have so far been elusive, such as Governments, global donors, and economic actors.
FIGURES 9–19 in Review of the aphid genus Aspidophorodon Verma, 1967 with descriptions of three new species from China (Hemiptera: Aphididae: Aphidinae)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

FIGURES 9–19. Aspidophorodon (Aspidophorodon) cornuatus Qiao sp. nov. Apterous viviparous female: 9. dorsal view of body; 10. dorsal view of head; 11. antenna; 12. ultimate rostral segment; 13. marginal process on pronotum; 14. marginal processes on meso- and metanotum and abdominal tergites I–IV; 15. irregular polygonal reticulations on abdominal dorsum; 16. siphunculus; 17. cauda; 18. anal plate; 19. genital plate. Scale bars = 0.10 mm.
ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROMETRY OF ACIDIC PHARMACEURICAL CONSTITUENTS THROUGH PRECIPITATION BY METAL IONS: I. DETERMINATION OF TIAPROFENIC ACID

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

A simple and accurate method was described for the quantitative determination of tiaprofenic acid utilizing precipitation reactions with silver (I), copper (II) and iron (III). Tiaprofenic acid was precipitated from its neutral alcoholic solution by silver nitrate, copper acetate or ferric chloride standard solution followed by direct determination of the above cited ions in the precipitate or its indirect determination in the filtrate applying atomic absorption spectroscopy. The optimum conditions for precipitation have been carefully studied .The molar ratios of the reactants were ascertained. Statistical analysis of the results obtained compared to the results of the Amax. method reveled equal precision and accuracy. The suggested procedures were applied for determining tiaprofenic acid in pharmaceutical preparation as well and proved validity.
Adverse Events in Patients Receiving Cholinesterase Inhibitors Due to Dissimilar Follow-up Periods

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

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LHD ECEI2 #139027.1

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The electron cyclotron emission (ECE) imaging to determine the electron temperature profile by measuring the intensity of each frequency of ECE. This system uses a wide-band two-dimensional horn-antenna mixer array (HMA) whose frequency response is between 50 and 110 GHz and the ECE signal is selected using a 95 GHz local oscillator and a 93 GHz high-pass filter.
Nonlinearities of the human carotid baroreceptor-cardiac reflex.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Carotid baroreceptors of nine healthy young men and women were stretched or compressed with neck suction or pressure, before and after beta-adrenergic and cholinergic blockade, to evaluate several nonlinearities of sinus node baroreflex responses. Sinus node inhibition was related linearly to the intensity of brief baroreceptor stimuli over a range extending from carotid-distending pressures of about 101 +/- 5 (mean +/- SE) to 160 +/- 6 mm Hg (the subject's average systolic pressure was 108 +/- 2 mm Hg). Sinus node response to sustained (5 seconds) neck suction or pressure were strikingly asymmetrical. Responses were abolished by atropine, or by atropine and propranolol. Propranolol alone augmented sinus node responses to both neck suction and pressure. These results suggest that, in normal human subjects, sinus node responses to abrupt alterations of afferent baroreceptor traffic are nonlinear and are mediated by fluctuations of efferent cholinergic activity. Most of the observed nonlinear behavior of the integrated reflex can be explained on the basis of known properties of afferent and central portions of the baroreflex arc.
Art Therapy and Cancer Care

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Acknowledgements Foreward by Sir Michael Burton List of Contributors Introduction On Death and Dying Betwixt and Between: Crossing Thresholds Body Image and the Construction of Identity The Body and Embodiment: The senses in relation to the Cancer journey and the role of art therapy Shoreline: The reality of working in cancer and palliative care A woman with Breast Cancer in Art Therapy Perseus' Shield The Efficacy of a Single Session Connexions between creativity, individuation and the healing process: A case study with an adolescent cancer patient The Healing Journey: A ten week group focusing on long t erm healing processes Musing With Death Group Art Therapy in an Oncology Department of a large general hospital Creating through loss: How art therapists sustain their practice in palliative care Art therapy in the Hospice: rewards and frustrations A Don't know story: Art therapy in an NHS Medical Oncology department Art Therapist's experience of Cancer
Isolation, identification and study the pathogenicity characteristics and biocontrol of bacterial citrus canker and tomato leaf spot causes

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Laboratory and greenhouse experiments were conducted at the plant protection department, Agriculture college, University of Sana’a to study the hypersensitive reaction and bacteriocine of citrus canker and tomato leaf spots isolates and evaluate the biocontrol effects of Bacillus coagulans and crude antibiotic against pathogenic bacteria for citrus and tomato. Fourteen isolates were isolated from Lemon Lemon's seedlings with citrus canker on GNA medium collected from Tehama district, Hodeida, Yemen. Xanthomonas campestris pv. citri was identified according to the pathogenicity (6 isolates were positive), morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics. Positive reaction was shown for citrus canker isolates no. 5, 10, 11, 12 and 14 and tomato leaf spots isolates for HR test in tobacco cultivars, while Withinia sominefora had late reaction. Citrus canker isolates and tomato leaf spots isolate were could not produced of bacteriocin. The results of Bacillus coagulans clearly had more inhibitory effects against citrus canker isolates no. 14, 12, 9, 11 and 10 and tomato leaf spots isolate with means 30, 27.5, 27, 22.5, 20.8 and 20.5 mm respectively, however, Bacillus coagulans showed less effective on citrus canker isolates no.5, 8 and 2. Data showed that crude antibiotic of Bacillus coagulans had a strong antibacterial activity against citrus canker isolate no. 12 with mean 23 mm, but, no significant differences between two crude antibiotic effects which extracted by ethyl and benzene solutions, also, no significant differences were observed between product crude antibiotics in two media GNA and SPA on effect its of disease bacteria.
Study of PVC Plasticized by Octodecyl Acyl Tributyl Citrate

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The PVC composite was prepared by extrusion melt using a new plasticizer octodecyl acyl tributyl citrate and PVC resin. Influence on mechanical and resistance to cold properties of PVC was studied by tensile and low temperature impact tests. The thermal behavior, texture and mechanism of plasticizing of OTBC plastifying PVC were supported by TG, DSC and SEM. The result indicated that the glass transition temperature of plastifying material was about 36°C, breaking strength was 25.3MPa, elongation at break was 250% and, plasicizing efficiency was 0.88, resistance to cold property better than plastifying material of DOP’s, domains between two phases of micro-texture were small and distributed homogeneously when OTBC content in PVC resin was 30%.
UPAYA PENGHAPUSAN KEKERASAN DALAM RUMAH TANGGA (KDRT) MELALUI UNDANG-UNDANG

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The general nature of man is basically inclined towards goodness, but this tendency can change due to three factors. First, when you see an opportunity to do bad things. Second, when there is an unbearable basic need. Third, there is desire that is out of control. So controlling the three factors that cause humans to do bad things must be strived for, so that humans always tend to goodness. Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 23 of 2004 concerning the Elimination of Domestic Violence, and Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 17 of 2016 concerning Stipulation of Government Regulations in Lieu of Law Number 1 of 2016 concerning the Second Amendment to Law Number 23 of 2002, Concerning Child Protection, is one of the state's efforts to block human opportunities to commit crimes in the form of violence in their household. This paper uses a qualitative approach with descriptive methods. The data collection technique is observation through literature study. The problem in this research is the hope of reducing domestic violence behavior after the enactment of the PKDRT Law, but the facts show different things. The results of the study prove that the graph of domestic violence after the enactment of this law is still increasing.
STATISTICAL INFERENCE FOR MULTIVARIATE RESIDUAL COPULA OF GARCH MODELS

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Recently a flexible class of semiparametric copula-based multivariate GARCH models has been proposed to quantify multivariate risks, in which uni- variate GARCH models are used to capture the dynamics of individual financial series, and parametric copulas are used to model the contemporaneous dependence among GARCH residuals with nonparametric marginals. In this paper we address two questions regarding statistical inference for this class of models. (1) Under what mild sufficient conditions is the asymptotic distribution of the pseudo max- imum likelihood estimator (MLE) of the residual copula parameter of Chen and Fan (2006a) justified? (2) How do we test the correct specification of a parametric copula for the GARCH residuals? In order to answer both questions rigorously, we establish a new weighted approximation for the empirical distributions of the GARCH residuals, which is of interest in its own right. Simulation studies and data examples are provided to examine the finite sample performance of the pseudo MLE of the residual copula parameter and the proposed goodness-of-fit test.
Development of a Method Combining Peptidiscs and Proteomics to Identify, Stabilize, and Purify a Detergent-Sensitive Membrane Protein Assembly

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The peptidisc membrane mimetic enables global reconstitution of the bacterial membrane proteome into water-soluble detergent-free particles, termed peptidisc libraries. We present here a method that combines peptidisc libraries and chromosomal-level gene tagging technology with affinity purification and mass spectrometry (AP/MS) to stabilize and identify fragile membrane protein complexes that exist at native expression levels. This method circumvents common artifacts caused by bait protein overproduction and protein complex dissociation due to lengthy exposure to detergents during protein isolation. Using the Escherichia coli Sec system as a case study, we identify an expanded version of the translocon, termed the HMD complex, consisting of nine different integral membrane subunits. This complex is stable in peptidiscs but dissociates in detergents. Guided by this native-level proteomic information, we design and validate a procedure that enables purification of the HMD complex with minimal protein dissociation. These results highlight the utility of peptidiscs and AP/MS to discover and stabilize fragile membrane protein assemblies. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD032315.
Research on the Application of Data Mining in Educational Big Data

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The rise of educational big data has provided ample prospects for the application of data mining technology in the field of education. This article begins with the characteristics of educational big data, exploring the current status and challenges of data mining technology in education. Through analysis of practical applications of data mining in areas such as student behavior analysis, teaching quality evaluation, and personalized learning, the article expounds how data mining technology can support educational decision-making, improve teaching effectiveness and learning experience. Additionally, it discusses data privacy protection and ethical issues, as well as the future development direction of data mining in the field of educational big data, providing new ideas for realizing intelligent and personalized education.
Observations on the structure and the nature of ‘NR bodies’ found in the testes of bed-bug

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

1. NR bodies show special affinity for neutral red. They are rounded or irregular in outline, measuring 0·25–12·5µ in diameter. 2. In fixed preparations NR bodies appear as spherical and vacuolated structures. 3. RNA is present in abundance in mature NR bodies, but while DNA is present in variable amount, the Feulgen technique shows that in their very young stage NR bodies are rich in DNA. 4. Glycogen is absent from the NR bodies, but Hale's technique provides evidence that the hyaluronic acid type of polysaccharide is present in them. 5. By Gomori's modified technique the presence of alkaline phosphatase in the NR body was demonstrated. 6. The mature NR bodies multiply by a process of budding. Small buds or spherules rich in DNA infect fresh spermatogonial cells, the latter being converted into the ‘pathological cells’ of Hertig.
Alginate polyelectrolyte lonotropic gels. XIII geometrical aspects for chelation in metal alginate complexes related to their physico‐chemical properties

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Electrical conductance measurements showed that monovalent, trivalent and tetravalent metal alginate complexes possess electrical conductivities in the order of semiconductors, whereas divalent and hexavalent metal alginate electrical conductivities lic in the range of insulators. X‐Ray diffraction indicated that these metal alginate complexes are amorphous in nature. Two geometrical structures for chelation between the functional groups and the interdiffused metal ions have been suggested: a non‐planar geometrical structure for the mono‐, tri‐ and tetravalent metal alginates, and a planar geometry for the divalent and hexavalent metal alginates.
Pharmacological Review of Anticoagulants

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The art and science of anticoagulation have never gotten more complicated than it has now. Newer anticoagulants have entered the market and have provided more options to the patients and healthcare professionals. This chapter will review the basic physiology of hemostasis, pharmacology of the anticoagulants, and how these medications are used in the clinical setting. The mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, clinical evidence of use and clinical pearls, laboratory monitoring in clinical practice, and adverse effects will be examined individually for each drug considered. This chapter will serve as a review for the practicing clinician and a thorough introduction for the beginning reader.
Preliminary Studies on Mating and Improved Strain Selection in the Tropical Culinary-Medicinal Mushroom Lentinus squarrosulus Mont. (Agaricomycetideae)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Lentinus squarrosulus Mont. is an important tropical edible and medicinal mushroom distributed across Sub-Saharan Africa and most parts of Asia. Intrastock mating study was performed using single spore isolates (ssi) from a wild strain (MBFBL 201). Mycelia growth and morphology characterization indicated that milled corn straw agar (CSA) medium best supports mycelia growth compared to two other media: potato dextrose agar (PDA) and yeast peptone soluble starch agar (YPSS). The results from ssi pairings and analysis confirmed a tetrapolar mating system for L. squarrosulus. Further characterization of the resulting dikaryons indicated that the growth rate of the parent monokaryons does not affect the growth rate of the resulting dikaryon. Primordial formation in the resulting dikaryons with the fastest growth rate was 12 days after inoculation. Under similar conditions, MBFBL 201 and another wild strain, MBFBL 269, produced primordia after 28 and 32 days, respectively, indicating that intrastock breeding could be an effective method for obtaining improved strains of L. squarrosulus. Further characterization to test growth and performance in order to obtain high-yield strains for use in commercial cultivation is ongoing.
Truth, Semblance, Reconciliation: Adorno's Aesthetic Redemption of Modernity

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract No one has succeeded better than Theodor W. Adorno in analyzing modern culture with all its ambiguities — ambiguities which herald the possibility of an unleashing of aesthetic and communicative potentials as well as the possibility of a withering away of culture. Since Schopenhauer and Nietzsche — with whose aesthetics and epistemology Adorno's thought secretly communicates — no other philosophy of art, at least in Germany, has had such a sustained influence on artists, critics, and intellectuals. The traces of his influence on the consciousness of those who, be it in a productive, critical, or purely receptive capacity, are involved with modern art cannot be overlooked.
Nutrition of the Intervertebral Disc: Solute Transport and Metabolism

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The metabolism of the canine nucleus pulposus was investigated at different oxygen tensions. It was found that even at high oxygen tensions the metabolism is mainly anaerobic, only approximately 1.5% of the glucose being converted to carbon dioxide. The concentration dependence of oxygen consumption is limited to very low oxygen tensions. Values of oxygen consumption and lactic acid production were used to calculate the concentration profiles of these substances within the nucleus pulposus, using a diffusion theory. The predicted concentration profiles were compared with the experimental measurements of concentration at various positions in the disc. The good agreement in these values found in the nucleus confirms that the main mechanism of metabolite transport is diffusion, and the main route of nutrient supply into the nucleus is via the endplate.