jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
First observation of mixed-symmetry states in a good U(5) nucleus

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The properties of ${2}^{+}$ states at 2156 keV and 2231 keV in $^{112}\mathrm{Cd}$ have been measured using the (n,${\mathit{n}}^{\ensuremath{'}}$\ensuremath{\gamma}) reaction. These states have strong decay branches, determined to be almost pure M1, to the ${2}_{1}^{+}$ level with B(M1) values of 0.044(5)${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\mu}}}_{\mathit{N}}^{2}$ and 0.055(5)${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\mu}}}_{\mathit{N}}^{2}$ respectively, and are interpreted as the main fragments of the ${2}^{+}$ mixed-symmetry state, the vibrational analogue of the ``scissors-mode'' state in deformed nuclei. These observations provide the first firm evidence of mixed-symmetry states in a good U(5) nucleus. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
Quality of care for peripheral intravenous catheters (PIVCs) in Nepal: a cross-sectional study on feasibility and inter-rater agreement of the Peripheral Intravenous Catheters-mini Questionnaire (PIVC-miniQ) in a tertiary care hospital

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objectives There is a lack of data regarding the quality of peripheral intravenous catheter (PIVC)-related care from low-income and middle-income countries, even though the use of PIVCs may lead to local or severe systemic infections. Our main objective was to assess the feasibility and inter-rater agreement on the PIVC-mini Questionnaire (PIVC-miniQ) in a tertiary care hospital in Nepal. Design We performed an observational cross-sectional quantitative study using the PIVC-miniQ to collect information on PIVC quality. Setting Secondary care in a Nepalese hospital. All patients with PIVCs in selected wards were included in the study and PIVCs were assessed independently by two raters. Eight Nepalese nurses, one Nepalese student and three Norwegian students participated as raters. Primary and secondary outcome measures The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), positive, negative, absolute agreement, Scott’s pi and sum score were calculated using PIVC-miniQ. We also aimed to describe PIVC quality of care, as it is important to prevent PIVC-associated complications such as phlebitis or catheter-associated bloodstream infections. Results A total of 390 patients (409 PIVCs) were included in the study. The ICC between raters was 0.716 for Nepalese raters, 0.644 for Norwegian raters and 0.481 for the pooled data. The most frequently observed problems associated with PIVCs were blood in the intravenous line (51.5%), pain and tenderness on palpation (43.4%), and fixation with opaque tape (38.5%). The average sum score was 3.32 deviations from best practice for PIVCs fixed with non-sterile opaque tape and 2.37 for those fixed with transparent dressing (p<0.001). Conclusion The PIVC-miniQ is a feasible and reliable tool for nurses assessing PIVC quality in hospitalised patients in Nepal. The study revealed gaps in PIVC quality and care that could be improved by providing transparent PIVC dressings for all patients and requiring all PIVC insertions to be documented in patient charts.
Optimal sizing and placement of capacitors in the isolated microgrid throughout the day considering the demand response program

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Reactive power compensation (RPC) is a big problem during power system operation. Parenthetically, capacitor allocation and sizing may be the only convenient solution for RPC of power systems. The loss sensitivity factor (LSF) is applied here for finding the optimum capacitor position. This paper presents quasi-oppositional fast convergence evolutionary programming (QOFCEP), fast convergence evolutionary programming (FCEP), and evolutionary programming (EP) for the optimum location and sizing of shunt capacitors in the isolated microgrid (MG) for minimizing total real power loss throughout the day with and without the demand response program (DRP). The 33-node, 69-node, and 118-node isolated MGs have been studied to authenticate the efficacy of the suggested approach. Each MG includes small hydro power plants (SHPPs), solar PV plants (SPVPs), wind turbine generators (WTGs), diesel generators (DGs), and plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs).
Gastric Emptying is Accelerated in Patients With Gastric Tube Reconstruction Following Laparoscopic Proximal Gastrectomy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Laparoscopic proximal gastrectomy (LPG) is an attractive option for the treatment of early gastric cancer in the upper third of the stomach. No optimal method of reconstruction after LPG has been established because of problems associated with postoperative reflux. Gastric tube reconstruction, a type of esophagogastrostomy, is a simple procedure, but it is associated with a high frequency of reflux esophagitis (RE). We investigated the relationship between RE and gastric emptying, along with nutritional parameters. Subjects and Methods: We compared gastric emptying in patients who had undergone curative LPG with gastric tube reconstruction for gastric cancer with that of patients after total gastrectomy (TG), distal gastrectomy (DG) and of healthy volunteers and patients after DG. The LPG group was divided into an RE LPG-RE (+) group and a non-reflux esophagitis (non-RE) an LPG-RE (−) group, and we compared gastric emptying and indices of nutrition, such as body weight and laboratory findings, between those among LPG-RE (+), LPG-RE (−), and TG groups. Results: The time lag between ingestion and peak 13 CO 2 expiration (T lag) in the healthy volunteer group was significantly shorter in the LPG group longer than those in the healthy volunteer LPG group and TG group. The T lag was significantly shorter in the RE LPG-RE (+) group than in the non-RE LPG-RE (−) group. The percentage change in body weight percentage in the non-RE LPG-RE (−) group was significantly larger than that in the RE LPG-RE (+) group at 12 months after surgery. Both the serum albumin and hemoglobin levels in the non-RE LPG-RE (−) tended to be preserved compared with those in the RE LPG-RE (+) group and TG group. Conclusions: Gastric emptying was accelerated after LPG, and was associated with RE. Our data suggest that RE could be associated with body weight loss after LPG.
Measurement of tear production and intraocular pressure in ducks and geese

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Abstract Objectives The purpose of this study was to establish a reference value of tear production and intraocular pressure in clinically normal ducks and geese. Animal Studied The study population consisted of forty‐eight ducks (24 males and 24 females) and fifty‐two geese (26 males and 26 females). Procedures Birds were gently physically restrained in dorsoventral position without any pressure to the head and neck. Tear secretion and intraocular pressure were measured using 5‐mm‐wide Schirmer tear test strips and TonoVet ® rebound tonometer, respectively. Results Overall mean ± 2 SD STT and IOP values of all eyes were 6.2 ± 2.2 mm/min and 10.2 ± 2.2 mmHg, respectively, for the ducks; 5.5 ± 2.6 mm/min and 9.1 ± 2.0 mmHg, respectively, for the geese. There was no statistically significant difference in IOP between left eye and right eye or between males and females in ducks ( P = 0.56, P = 0.63) and geese ( P = 0.23, P = 0.22). Analysis of variance revealed that there were no significant differences in the STT and IOP between the breeds in ducks ( P = 0.49, P = 0.68) and geese ( P = 0.14, P = 0.26). Conclusions Results of this study may be beneficial for the diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring of ducks and geese affected with Keratoconjunctivitis sicca, glaucoma, and uveitis.
Grain yield and water use efficiency of genetically modified corn in contrasting climatic conditions in Teresina - PI, Brazil

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A adaptação climática de qualquer espécie vegetal tem estreita relação com seu padrão fenológico, influenciando na sua distribuição geográfica e sua flutuação nos ecossistemas. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o comportamento de 33 híbridos (26 híbridos simples, 6 híbridos triplos e um híbrido duplo) geneticamente modificados de milho em situações climáticas contrastantes - épocas de semeadura (ES), sob irrigação. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos casualizados com duas repetições. Os experimentos foram semeados em área da Embrapa Meio-Norte, município de Teresina, PI, em julho e setembro/2013. A temperatura máxima média no período do pendoamento ao espigamento na primeira época foi de 36,7 oC e na segunda época de 38,8 oC, contribuindo para uma redução na eficiência de uso da água (EUA) e dos componentes de rendimentos, números de espigas por área e do peso de espiga na ES de setembro. O rendimento de grãos e a EUA da ES de junho (9.876 kg ha-1; 17,3 kg ha-1 mm-1) foi superior em 25,1 % e 42,27 %, respectivamente, em relação a ES de setembro (7.900 kg ha-1; 11,97 kg ha-1 mm-1). Os híbridos AG 8041 PRO, 3646 HX, RB 9221 PRO, P 4225 H, 30 F 53 YH apresentam tolerância a altas temperaturas e usam melhor a água para a produção de grãos. The climate adaptation of any plant species is closely related to its phenology, influencing on its geographical distribution and its fluctuation in ecosystems. The objective this work was to evaluate the performance of 33 hybrids (26 single hybrids, six triples hybrids and one double hybrid) genetically modified corn in contrasting climatic conditions (two sowing dates) under irrigation. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with two replications. The experiments were sown in the Embrapa Mid-North, Teresina, Piauí State, in July and September / 2013. The average maximum temperature from bolting to heading during the first season was 36.7 °C and in second one was 38.8 oC, reducing the water use efficiency (WUE) and yield components, ear number per area and ear weight in september sowing. The grain yield and WUE of sowing June (9,876 kg ha-1, 17.3 kg ha-1 mm-1) was higher 25.1% and 42.27%, respectively, compared to sowing September (7,900 kg ha-1, 11.97 kg ha-1 mm-1). AG 8041 PRO, P 3646 HX, RB 9221 PRO, P 4225 H, 30 F 53 YH hybrids present tolerant to high temperatures and more efficient water use. Keywords: Heat tolerant, sowing date, Zea mays (L.).
Antibacterial activity of extracts from in vitro grown Maytenus senegalensis root cultures

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Methanolic extracts prepared from 8-week-old Maytenus senegalensis in vitro grown root cultures were screened for antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Antibacterial activity was only exhibited against Gram-positive bacterial strains. Root cultures grown on different MS media strengths (1 / 4, 1 / 2, 3 / 4 or full) exhibited antibacterial activity to the same extent. Extracts prepared from roots cultured in the presence of high sucrose concentrations (100 mg l− 1) had no antibacterial activity. Roots cultured in the dark exhibited a slightly higher antibacterial activity against S. aureus compared to roots cultured in the light.
Efficient Synthesis of 5-Arylmethyl-5-phenylimidazolidine-2,4-dione (or 5-Arylmethyl-5-phenyl-2-thioxoimidazolidin-4-one) from Chalcone Oxides Under Ultrasound Irradiation

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Synthesis of 5-arylmethyl-5-phenylimidazolidine-2,4-dione (or 5-arylmethyl-5-phenyl-2-thioxoimidazolidin-4- one) via the reaction of 3-aryl-2,3-epoxyl-1-phenyl-1-propanone and urea (or thiourea) was carried out in 57-98% yields at 50 °C in EtOH in the presence of KOH under ultrasound irradiation. The procedure has the advantages of mild conditions, short reaction time and high yield. Keywords: Substituted hydantoin, synthesis, chalcone oxide, ultrasound irradiation, seizures, convulsions, epoxyl, methoxyphenyl, propanone, imidazolidine
[Identification and taxonomy of Enterococci].

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Enterococci belong to lactic acid bacteria group. Wide distribution and a variety of their properties are of interest for researchers for a long time. Genus Enterococcus is a group of bacteria heterogeneous by their phenotypic characteristics. The review presented the current status of question concerning enterococci taxonomy that has undergone significant changes during the last decades. Microbiologic methods of identification are considered and analyzed. Special attention was given to the problems that may occur during genus identification of enterococci and during differentiation of closely related species. The use of molecular-genetic methods of identification let to overcome disadvantages of phenotypic identification of bacteria genus Enterococcus. The need of the use of molecular methods of identification was shown, basic approaches were listed, their advantages and disadvantages were discussed.
Early wakeup: improving the drowsy cache performance

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

As process technology scales down, leakage power consumption becomes comparable to dynamic power consumption. The drowsy cache technique is known as one of the most popular techniques for reducing the leakage power consumption in the data cache. However, the drowsy cache is reported to degrade the processor performance significantly. In this paper, to maintain the performance of the processor with the drowsy cache technique, we propose an early wakeup technique, which predicts the next cache line to be requested by utilizing the way-prediction information. The proposed technique efficiently reduces the number of accesses to the cache lines in drowsy mode. Our simulation results show that the proposed technique reduces the extra delay due to the drowsy cache scheme by 29.6%, on average.
Navigation System for the Blind: Auditory Display Modes and Guidance

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The research we are reporting here is part of our effort to develop a navigation system for the blind. Our long-term goal is to create a portable, self-contained system that will allow visually impaired individuals to travel through familiar and unfamiliar environments without the assistance of guides. The system, as it exists now, consists of the following functional components: (1) a module for determining the traveler's position and orientation in space, (2) a Geographic Information System comprising a detailed database of our test site and software for route planning and for obtaining information from the database, and (3) the user interface. The experiment reported here is concerned with one function of the navigation system: guiding the traveler along a predefined route. We evaluate guidance performance as a function of four different display modes: one involving spatialized sound from a virtual acoustic display, and three involving verbal commands issued by a synthetic speech display. The virtual display mode fared best in terms of both guidance performance and user preferences.
Action de l'acide cholique et de l'acide chénodesoxycholique sur la sécrétion biliaire de la souris. Effet de l'addition du β-sitostérol

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

After this time, the cholesterol intestinal absorption and the biliary secretion of lipids were measured. The biliary secretion of cholesterol, the total hepatic cholesterol (23 mg/g liver dry weight), and the intestinal absorption of cholesterol (90% administered dose) were higher in mice fed with cholic acid than in mice fed with chenodeoxycholic acid (hepatic cholesterol, 9.6 mg/g liver dry weight; absorption, 65% administered dose).The addition of β-sitosterol to the diet supplemented with cholic acid decreased the cholesterol intestinal absorption and the biliary secretion of cholesterol so that both became similar to that obtained with chenodeoxycholic acid.These results indicate that in mice, as in man, cholic acid elicits a higher cholesterol biliary secretion than chenodeoxycholic acid. In this experimental model, the distinct effect on the biliary cholesterol of these two bile salts is due to their specific effects on the intestinal absorption of cholesterol.
Technoeconomic Mixed Integer Nonlinear Programming (MINLP) optimization for design of Liquid‐Liquid Extraction (LLE) cascades in continuous pharmaceutical manufacturing of atropine

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Continuous Pharmaceutical Manufacturing (CPM) offers operational and economic benefits over the currently dominant methods implemented by industry. The demonstrated continuous flow synthesis of atropine facilitates modeling and optimization of its upstream continuous manufacturing. This study implements MINLP optimization of a continuous Liquid‐Liquid Extraction (LLE) flowsheet superstructure for total cost minimization of an upstream atropine CPM plant. The steady‐state process model considers reactor design from regressed kinetic parameters including investigation of maximum allowable PFR reactor dimensions to maximize the benefits of API flow synthesis. Continuous LLE modeling considers solute partitioning between phases, UNIFAC‐modeled liquid–liquid equilibria and mass transfer correlations for LLE design. Optimal LLE design configurations from the considered superstructure require fresh solvent added to the first vessel in co‐current flow in addition to the countercurrent flow in the cascade. Optimization results indicate toluene as the best solvent choice, with total costs of 3.944 × 10 6 GBP for a plant capacity of 10 3 kg API year −1 .
Intelligent High-Level RFID Event Transformation Utilising Non-Monotonic Reasoning

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Radio Frequency Identification technology utilises radio communication between tags and readers to automatically recognise large amounts of items reducing cost in both time and effort. Although there is a wide array of applications which RFID may be applied to, there are several issues that hinder the adoption of the technology into various commercial sectors. One of these problems is that the data recorded by readers are becoming increasingly difficult to decipher in its raw form resulting in complex spatio-temporal aspects. To counter the effects of this issue, we have proposed a concept that employs Clausal Defeasible Logic Non-Monotonic Reasoning to correctly identify a high-level event. From our experimental evaluation, we have shown that our approach surpasses the state-of-the-art probabilistic method in both identifying events and limiting false-positive anomalies into the data set.
Properties of Amylase from Haloferax mediterranei R4

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Haloferax mediterranei R4, is a halophilic archaebacterium. It is able to produce extracellular α-amylase in a suitable condition. This amylase showed a NaCl requirement for both stability and activity. The enzyme displayed maximal activity at pH 7.0, 2-5mol·L -1 of NaCl and its optimal temperature was in a range from 50℃ to 60℃. Our results implied that the optimal temperature had some relevance with the concentration of NaCl. Meanwhile,Ca 2+ was required for the enzyme activity and the activity was about a half when we added 2 mol·L -1 of KCl ,and was almost none when added 1mol·L -1 of Na 2SO 4.
Risk factors for early-onset colorectal cancer in China.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

10542 Background: The incidence of colorectal cancer among persons aged < 50 years (early-onset colorectal cancer, EOCRC) has increased since the early 1990s. However, the risk factors contributing to this trend remain largely unknown. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of participants who were aged < 50 years and without a previous cancer history, using the China Kadoorie Biobank cohort study. We analyzed data related to demographics, lifestyle habits, family history, and comorbidities of EOCRC cases with participants without colorectal cancer in this age group (controls). Univariate and multivariate-adjusted cox regression models were used to estimate the associations with risk factors. Results: We identified 225 EOCRC cases and 88842 controls that include the final analyses. Of the 225 EOCRC patients, 105 (46.7%) were colon cancers and 120 (53.3%) were rectum cancers. EOCRC cases were older, have more intake of fish and eggs, have higher BMIs, diabetes, and family history of cancer compared with controls (P < 0.05). After adjustment for potential confounding factors, increasing age (HR 2.18, 95%CI 2.05-2.31), BMI (HR 1.06, 95%CI 1.01-1.11), family history of cancer (HR 1.41, 95%CI 1.00-1.98), and more intake of fish (HR 1.54, 95%CI 1.09-2.19) were significantly associated with a higher risk of EOCRC. In sensitivity analyses stratified by cancer site (colon and rectum), the results remained consistent. Conclusions: Based on the large Chinese cohort study, we found increasing age, higher BMI or obesity, family history of cancer, and more intake of fish were independent risk factors for EOCRC. Further studies are needed to identify factors that cause the increasing incidence of EOCRC in China and other countries, and explore the potential mechanism behind.[Table: see text]
Al(OTf)3-Catalyzed Regioselective N2–Arylation of Tetrazoles with Diazo Compounds

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Regioselective methods to access alkylated tetrazoles still remain a challenging goal. Herein, we describe a novel regioselective protocol for N2-arylation of tetrazoles with diazo compounds using inexpensive Al(OTf)3. This reaction could be conducted under mild conditions to access a diverse array of alkylated tetrazoles with 2-substituted tetrazoles as the major products, demonstrating a comprehensive range of substrate compatibility and excellent functional group compatibility. Mechanistic studies revealed a carbene-free process in this reaction procedure. Furthermore, the scale-up reaction and transformations of the N2-arylation of tetrazole products demonstrated the potential of this strategy.
A Hollow Hemispherical Mixed Matrix Lithium Adsorbent with High Interfacial Interaction for Lithium Recovery from Brine

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Mixed matrix lithium adsorbents have attracted much interest for lithium recovery from brine. However, the absence of an interfacial interaction between the inorganic lithium-ion sieves (LISs) and the organic polymer matrix resulted in the poor structural stability and attenuated lithium adsorption efficiency. Here, a novel hollow hemispherical mixed matrix lithium adsorbent (H-LIS) with high interfacial compatibility was constructed based on mussel-bioinspired surface chemistry using a solvent evaporation induced phase transition method. The effects of types of functional modifiers, LIS loading amount, adsorption temperature and pH on their structural stability and lithium adsorption performance were systematically investigated. The optimized H-LIS adsorbent with the LIS loading amount of 50 wt.% possessed the structural merit that the LIS functionally modified by dopamine exposed on both the inner and outer surfaces of the hollow hemispheres. At the best adsorption pH of 12.0, it showed a comparable lithium adsorption capacity of 25.68 mg·g−1 to the powdery LIS within 4 h, favorable adsorption selectivity of Mg/Li and good reusability that could maintain over 90% of lithium adsorption capacity after the LiCl adsorption—0.25 M HCl pickling-DI water cleaning cycling processes for three times. The interfacial interaction mechanism of H-LIS for lithium adsorption was innovatively explored via advanced microcalorimetry technology. It suggested the nature of the Li+ adsorption process was exothermic and dopamine modification could reduce the activation energy for lithium adsorption from 15.68 kJ·mol−1 to 13.83 kJ·mol−1 and trigger a faster response to Li+ by strengthening the Li+-H+ exchange rate, which established the thermodynamic relationship between the structure and Li+ adsorption performance of H-LIS. This work will provide a technical support for the structural regulation of functional materials for lithium extraction from brine.