jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
CSMC: A Secure and Efficient Visualized Malware Classification Method Inspired by Compressed Sensing

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

With the rapid development of the Internet of Things (IoT), the sophistication and intelligence of sensors are continually evolving, playing increasingly important roles in smart homes, industrial automation, and remote healthcare. However, these intelligent sensors face many security threats, particularly from malware attacks. Identifying and classifying malware is crucial for preventing such attacks. As the number of sensors and their applications grow, malware targeting sensors proliferates. Processing massive malware samples is challenging due to limited bandwidth and resources in IoT environments. Therefore, compressing malware samples before transmission and classification can improve efficiency. Additionally, sharing malware samples between classification participants poses security risks, necessitating methods that prevent sample exploitation. Moreover, the complex network environments also necessitate robust classification methods. To address these challenges, this paper proposes CSMC (Compressed Sensing Malware Classification), an efficient malware classification method based on compressed sensing. This method compresses malware samples before sharing and classification, thus facilitating more effective sharing and processing. By introducing deep learning, the method can extract malware family features during compression, which classical methods cannot achieve. Furthermore, the irreversibility of the method enhances security by preventing classification participants from exploiting malware samples. Experimental results demonstrate that for malware targeting Windows and Android operating systems, CSMC outperforms many existing methods based on compressed sensing and machine or deep learning. Additionally, experiments on sample reconstruction and noise demonstrate CSMC’s capabilities in terms of security and robustness.
[Osteomatosis of the skin. Presentation of 2 cases].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Osteomatosis cutis. Report of two cases. The AA. reported two cases of osteomatosis cutis in a child three years old and in a girl sixteen years old. In both cases there was no history of previous trauma and acne. Microscopic study revealed islands of true bone, having lamellar configuration, periosteum, marrow cavities with endosteum, lacunae and canaliculae. No other calcified tissue and cartilage were seen.
Parallel Innovation Contests

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

We study multiple parallel contests where contest organizers elicit solutions to innovation-related problems from a set of solvers. Each solver may participate in multiple contests and exert effort to improve her solution for each contest she enters, but the quality of her solution at each contest also depends on an output uncertainty. We first analyze whether an organizerÕs profit can be improved by discouraging solvers from participating in multiple contests. We show, interestingly, that organizers benefit from solversÕ participation in multiple contests when the solverÕs output uncertainty in these contests is sufficiently large. A managerial insight from this result is that when all organizers elicit innovative solutions rather than low-novelty solutions, organizers may benefit from solversÕ participation in multiple contests. We also show that organizersÕ average profit increases with solversÕ participation in multiple contests even when some contests seek low-novelty solutions as long as other contests seek cutting-edge innovation. We further show that an organizerÕs profit is unimodal in the number of contests, and the optimal number of contests increases with the solverÕs output uncertainty. This finding may explain why many organizations run multiple contests in practice, and it prescribes running a larger number of contests when the majority of these organizations seek innovative solutions rather than low-novelty solutions.
Effect of warm-up intensity on horse-rider dyad’s performance in jumping

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to determine whether there is a correlation between the intensity of warm-up and scores of horse-rider dyads in jumping competitions, and which factors affect the warm-up regime. Three international competitions of 120, 130, and 135cm obstacle height, completed by 82 competitors, were studied. Warm-up intensity was measured by the time spent in the schooling area, number of practice jumping efforts, and coefficient of practice obstacle height. Out of the official final scores in the competitions, penalty points in the round and converted final placings were used as outcome measures. The data were analyzed with Spearman’s correlation, multifactorial analysis of variance, and Tukey’s test. The rider’s sex, part of the world that the riders came from, horse’s sex, age, and competitive level (obstacle height) were considered. Results showed that more jumps and higher obstacles during warm-up decrease the horse-rider dyad’s performance in jumping competition, whereas the duration of the total warm-up time does not affect the score. Female riders warm up horses longer but jump lower fences than male riders. Riders do not differentiate the warm-up regime with regard to the horse’s sex, whereas they considered the horse’s age. The warm-up intensity does not increase proportionally to the competitive level.
Formulation and Evaluation of Herbal Gel Containing Ethanolic Extract of Ipomoea Fistulosa

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The present research has been undertaken with the aim to formulate and evaluate the herbal gel containing Ipomoea fistulosa stem extract. The gel formulation was designed using ethanol extract of Ipomoea fistulosa stem and evaluated using physiological measurements. The gel was formulated using accurately weighted amount of drug extract along with other additives, poured into the fixed amount of hydrated Carbopol-934 dispersion with constant stirring. The herbal gel formulations prepared were subjected to preliminary evaluation such as pH, Spreadability, Extrudability, Drug content uniformity, Viscosity and In vitro diffusion study. The pH of all the formulations was checked and found to be compatible with the normal pH range of the skin and so chances of skin irritation are least.
A Before-and-After Study of the Effectiveness of an Antimicrobial Stewardship Program in Critical Care

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT We evaluated the use of antimicrobials expressed as defined daily doses (DDDs) per 1,000 patient days and days of therapy (DOT) per 100 occupied bed-days in a intensive care unit (ICU) of a general hospital in Barcelona, Spain, before and after implementation of an antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) program (2007 to 2010 versus 2011 to 2015). The quarterly costs of antimicrobials used in the ICU and its weight in the overall hospital costs of antimicrobials were calculated. The effect of the applied AMS program on DDDs and DOT time series data was analyzed by means of intervention time series analysis. A total of 5,002 patients were included (1,971 for the first [before] period and 3,031 for the second [after] period). The percentage of patients treated with one or more antimicrobials decreased from 88.6 to 77.2% ( P < 0.001). DDDs decreased from 246.8 to 192.3 (mean difference, −54.5; P = 0.001) and DOT from 66.7 to 54.6 (mean difference, −12.1; P = 0.066). The mean cost per trimester decreased from €115,543 to €73,477 (mean difference, −42,065.4 euros; P < 0.001), and the percentage of ICU antimicrobials cost with respect to the total cost of hospital antimicrobials decreased from 28.5 to 22.8% (mean difference, −5.59; P = 0.023). Implementation of an AMS program in the ICU was associated with a marked reduction in the use of antimicrobials, with cost savings close to one million euros since its implementation. An AMS program can have a significant impact on optimizing antimicrobial use in critical care practice.
Selfish Islands and converging plasmids - new insights into evolution of root nodule bacteria

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The coming avalanche of genomic data is bringing opportunities for new insights into the genome architecture and evolution of root nodule bacteria. Comparative genomic analyses of root nodule bacteria reveal that mobile genetic elements ranging from transposons, integrons, genomic islands and plasmids are widespread in these genomes. Genomic islands are plasmid-like DNA regions that are integrated into prokaryotic chromosomes and confer a variety of functions (resistance, degradation, metabolism, pathogenicity, secretion and symbiosis) to the host genome. Acquisition can extend the capacity of the host bacterium to adapt to new environments. Genomic islands that confer nitrogen fixation capacity to non symbiotic bacteria are termed 'symbiosis islands' because they carry nodulation and nitrogen fixation genes required for the legume symbiosis as well as genes required for the excision, insertion and transfer of the island.
The Profitability of the Early Nineteenth-Century Palm Oil Trade

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Their large capital in ships, goods and experience gave them monopoly of and profits, wrote Charles Livingstone, British Consul for Bight of Biafra, of British traders in early 19th century West African palm oil trade.' Livingstone's view of enormous of in years before establishment of steamship service in 1852 changed its structure echoed that of other observers, most notably that of representative of W.H. Fisher & Co. who wrote in 1860 of the colossal fortunes made by Europeans out of African trade before middle of century.2 Most historians, however, have tended to be sceptical of such claims. The first academic study of oil trade--Stilliard's thesis of 1938--stressed how high costs of made large profits unlikely.3 This view was also taken by Drake, who stressed how long-term ravages of with Africa meant that risks of were high and that few firms survived in it for long.4 Equally, John Latham, most eminent historian of palm oil in recent years, and only one to address Livingstone's claims directly, has argued that profits of trade, at least before 1860s, were a myth. The risks of trade, as well as costs of shipping, depreciation, insurance, port dues, wages, comey, goods, ceremonial breakfasts and dashes, feels Latham, make it unlikely that excessive profits were made.5 Only Gertzel, in her study of John Holt, has taken contrary view, seeing, like Livingstone, early years of as an era of large profits for British traders.6 Which of two views is correct: that of Consul Livingstone at time or that of most later historians? What is notable is that no one has tested either view against hard data, largely because of absence of such evidence. It is aim of this paper to examine profitability of palm oil between West Africa and Britain in period before 1852, focusing predominantly on Bights of Benin and Biafra, center of and area Livingstone and Latham used as basis of their judgments. This analysis has wider ramifications than simply an examination of profits for their own sake. Profits, after all, are central to any business
Aggregate Demand Effects of Changing Population Age Structure

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Abstract This chapter reports some of the preliminary findings on U.S. patterns of consumption and saving. The macrolevel studies find very strong and significant age structure effects on a wide range of phenomena from inflation and interest rates to housing and other durable goods expenditures. The chapter shows pronounced age effects on patterns of expenditure and saving, but it also indicates that the dependency effect dramatically changes as national per capita income rises. The overall net effect of children on savings is negative at low levels of real per capita income, but in post-WWII United States, children began to cause a reduction in overall consumption as a share of income, relative to the average, rather than an increase. Additionally, the baby boom has had a major impact on the U.S. economy. Changes in age structure would have induced swings of up to 25 percent in total consumption demand during the twentieth century.
Comparison of proteomic profiles from the testicular tissue of males with impaired and normal spermatogenesis

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

In this study, we aimed to explore the potential differences in proteomic profiles from the testicular tissue of azoospermatic men with impaired spermatogenesis and normal spermatogenesis. Isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) labeled technology and LC-MS/MS technology were used to identify differentially expressed proteins. Potential functions of differentially expressed proteins were predicted using gene ontology (GO) and the Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG). Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and western blot (WB) were used to verify the differentially expressed proteins. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was built to outline the regulatory network of differentially expressed proteins. A total of 3,945 proteins were identified in men with normal and impaired spermatogenesis. Of these, 116 proteins were differentially expressed in men with impaired spermatogenesis: 39 were upregulated and 77 were downregulated. Furthermore, we found that these differentially expressed proteins were mainly involved in the cellular component, which may be mainly associated with the spliceosome, ribosome, and thyroid hormone synthesis signaling pathways. The spliceosome- and ribosome-associated proteins YBX1, FBL, and HNRNPU were downregulated. And the proteomic profile of testicular tissue in men with impaired spermatogenesis is different from that of men with normal spermatogenesis. For this reason, differentially expressed proteins such as YBX1, FBL and HNRNPU might be involved in the pathology of spermatogenesis dysfunction.Abbreviations: iTRAQ: Isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation;GO: Gene ontology; KEGG: Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes; IHC: Immunohistochemistry; WB: Western blot; PPI: Protein-protein interaction; ICSI: Intracytoplasmic sperm injection; BP: Biological process; CC: Cellular components; MF: Molecular function; snoRNA: Small nucleolar RNA; snRNA: Small nuclear RNA; LC-MS/MS: Liquid chromatography and MS/MS analysis; BSA: Bovine serum albumin; SD: Spermatogenic dysfunction; micro-TESE: Testicular microscopic sperm extraction.
Karyological analyses in several Algerian populations of six species of the genus Vicia L. (Fabaceae)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

As part of the evaluation and valorization of plant genetic resources of fodder and pastoral interest in Algeria, seventeen (17) natural populations belonging to six (06) species of the genus Vicia (Vicia sativa, Vicia disperma, Vicia monardii, Vicia ohchroleuca, Vicia onobrychioides and Vicia lutea), originated from different ecological regions in the North-Eastern of the country, were considered. The populations have been the subject of mitotic and meiotic studies. Haploid and diploid numbers and chromosome measurements were determined. Original results were observed for the first time in some species. In fact, chromosome counts have revealed some new chromosome numbers. The first number (2n=14, n=7) was observed in the endemic subspecies of Algeria, V. ochroleuca subsp. atlantica and in the species Vicia onobrychioides. The second number (n=6) was observed in the species Vicia disperma. Within Vicia monardii, the three new chromosome numbers, previously observed only in mitosis by our research team, were confirmed for the first time through the present meiosis study (n=6, 7 and 8), indicating that they are A type chromosomes. The base number x=7 is the most frequently observed number in the six Vicia species. The observed chromosome numbers would be related to some ecological factors (altitude, rainfall) of the origin environment of the populations. Chromosome measurements and established karyotypes were determined for the first time in V. monardii, V. onobrychioides and V. ochroleuca subsp. atlantica. Chromosome size and karyotype formula are variable among the studied species and subspecies. Karyotypes vary from symmetrical to asymmetrical and the intrachromosomal asymmetry is higher than interchromosomal one. The new cytogenetic data would contribute to a better understanding of the evolution mechanism of the species in the genus Vicia L.
Managing Employee Motivation: Exploring the Connections Between Managers’ Enforcement Actions, Employee Perceptions, and Employee Intrinsic Motivation

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

A number of studies show that the use of external interventions, such as command systems and economic incentives, can decrease employee intrinsic motivation. Our knowledge of why the size of “the hidden cost of rewards” differs between organizations is, however, still sparse. In this paper, we analyze whether local managers—the primary enforcers of external interventions—affect how employees perceive a command system and thereby affect employee intrinsic motivation. Using a multilevel dataset of 1,190 teachers and 32 school principals, we test whether principals’ use of “hard”, “mixed” or “soft” enforcement of a command system (obligatory teacher-produced student plans) is associated with teacher intrinsic motivation. Results show that teachers experiencing a “hard” enforcement have lower intrinsic motivation than teachers experiencing a “soft” enforcement. As expected by motivation crowding theory, part of this association is mediated by teachers’ perceptions of the command. These findings support the motivation crowding argument that employee intrinsic motivation depend on the employees’ need for self-determination.
Polymer identification and quantitative determination of additives by photolysis-gas chromatography

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPolymer identification and quantitative determination of additives by photolysis-gas chromatographyRichard S. Juvet, John L. S. Smith, and Kuang-Pang. LiCite this: Anal. Chem. 1972, 44, 1, 49–56Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60309a038https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60309a038research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views101Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Comparison of Clinical Results of Anatomic Posterolateral Corner Reconstruction for Posterolateral Rotatory Instability of the Knee With or Without Popliteal Tendon Reconstruction

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: It is unknown whether popliteal tendon reconstruction is necessary in anatomic posterolateral corner reconstruction, although the tendon has function in the varus and rotatory stability of the knee joint. Hypothesis: Anatomic reconstructions of the posterolateral corner with the popliteal tendon reconstructed will present better clinical and radiographic results than cases with the popliteal tendon not reconstructed. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: The authors retrospectively analyzed 32 cases of anatomic posterolateral corner reconstruction with a minimum 2-year follow-up. There were 17 cases of anatomic reconstruction with popliteal tendon reconstruction and 15 cases without popliteal tendon reconstruction. The authors compared preoperative and postoperative range of motion, varus instability by varus stress test, lateral joint opening on varus stress radiographs, posterolateral rotatory instability by dial test, Tegner activity score, Lysholm score, and International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) subjective knee evaluation form and knee examination form between the 2 groups. They also compared posterior translation on posterior stress radiographs in cases with posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Results: There was no difference in range of motion, varus stress test, dial test, Tegner score, Lysholm score, or the score by IKDC subjective knee evaluation form. The side-to-side difference in lateral joint opening on the varus stress radiographs significantly improved after anatomic reconstruction in both groups ( P < .001, P = .001), but there was no preoperative or postoperative differences between the groups. No difference was found in the grade distribution on the IKDC examination form. In the cases with posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, there was also no difference in posterior translation between the groups on posterior stress radiographs at the last follow-up. Conclusion: No effect of popliteal tendon reconstruction was found in anatomic posterolateral corner reconstruction on the stability and clinical results.
The expression of connective tissue growth factor in the hypertrophic scar tissue of different stages

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To explore the effect of connective tissue growth factor in the pathogenesis of hypertrophic scar. Methods The immunohistochemical SABC method and image analysis technique were employed to detect the expression of connective tissue growth factor protein in the hypertrophic scar of different stages and normal skin tissues.Results Following the hyperplasia?decline and maturity of hypertrophic scar, the intensity of the expression of connective tissue growth factor protein experiences from high level to low level obviously; and that of normal skin tissue is only a little.Conclusion Connective tissue growth factor may play an important role in promoting the development of hypertrophic scar.
Muslim media on the margins.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The diversification of the media landscape has brought about concerns that the use of specialised nonmainstream news channels by minority groups will lead to a fragmented national public sphere. This study serves as a starting point to examine the above concern by exploring Muslims’ usage of news sources in Singapore. Specifically, it attempts to find out the underlying factors associated with minority groups’ use of nonmainstream news sources. Focus groups revealed that media skepticism, identification, perceived insufficient coverage and perceived empathetic news perspective are possible reasons for Singaporean Muslims’ use of nonmainstream news. A follow-up national CATI survey of 432 Muslims found that only identification and perceived empathetic news perspective are significantly associated with the use of nonmainstream news. This exploratory study has provided some understanding of the factors associated with the use of nonmainstream news. Specifically, the negative association of identification with minorities’ use of nonmainstream news warrants further research. Our findings provide some insight for theorists who are concerned that consumption of news sources by minority groups will lead to a fragmented public sphere along religious and ethnic lines.