jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Geoscience: what remains to be discovered?

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Geoscience currently faces critical challenges ranging from declining student enrollments and employment to public perception and research funding.In all these areas, geoscience is understandably competing with other fields.This article reports on the results of a 2019-2020 survey of the major questions and challenges in geoscience.The survey respondents included 136 geoscientists from various disciplines in geoscience.Altogether they suggested 370 questions which are placed under 20 broad topics and described in four categories: (1) geodynamics; (2) climate and life; (3) resources and environment; and (4) community issues (geoscientist workforce, public education and policy).Global warming and the future of the petroleum industry top the list of challenges.Prediction and mitigation of natural hazards, especially big earthquakes and explosive volcanoes, tackling environmental degradation and pollutions of various types, as well as exploration of rare earth elements and energy minerals essential to everyday life are among the practical topics of investigation.Some of the big questions pertain to the most distant geologic past -Hadean and Eo-Archean times (4.5-3.5 Ga) -during which the primitive Earth's internal structure, crust, atmosphere, oceans, and biosphere formed.Other questions concern those physical parts of the Earth -the mantle and the core -that are not directly accessible to us.Geoscience is far from integrating crustal phenomena and plate tectonics with the dynamics, heterogeneities, and evolution of the mantle.Causes of paleoclimate changes and mass extinctions and the relationships between these two remain fertile fields of research.Extraterrestrial influences such as lunar gravitational stresses, and meteorite impacts should be better integrated into earth system science.Geoscience education and workforce, public perception and support for geoscience, and the role of geoscientists in impacting policies are critical areas of attention and action.
Pendampingan Pendalaman Materi Matematika Berbasis Etnomatematika untuk Siswa Kelas VII SMPN 2 Sekampung Udik

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Learning conducted online during the pandemic caused several problems for schools in areas where internet access was difficult, including students finding it difficult to understand the material, especially mathematics subjects because they quickly got bored and did not get all the material in the curriculum. This service will link mathematics with culture which is called ethnomathematics. The purpose of this service is to assist students in understanding mathematical material by assisting in an effort to deepen mathematics material for seventh grade students at SMPN 2 Sekampung Udik, East Lampung. The implementation method uses participatory action research (PAR) with stages in the form of preparation, implementation, evaluation and reflection. The culture used and closer to the subject of mentoring is the local culture of Lampung in the traditional game Taplak / Suksuk Lampung on a flat wake. This mentoring activity went well and received a positive response from participants and teachers
Patient‐reported outcomes in immunotherapy for head and neck cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Data about patient‐reported outcomes (PROs) among patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors are sparse. Our exploratory study evaluated PROs in patients with HNSCC starting treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitor monotherapy or combination therapy with cetuximab. Methods Patients were recruited prior to receipt of their first checkpoint inhibitor therapy infusion. Participants completed measures of checkpoint inhibitor toxicities and quality of life (QOL) at on‐treatment clinic visits. Results Among patients treated with checkpoint inhibitor monotherapy ( n = 48) or combination therapy ( n = 38) toxicity increased over time ( p < 0.05), while overall QOL improved from baseline to 12 weeks, with stable or declining QOL thereafter ( p < 0.05). There were no group differences in change in toxicity index or QOL. Toxicity index scores were significantly higher in the combination group at 18–20 weeks and 6 months post‐initiation of immune checkpoint inhibitor ( p < 0.05). There were no significant group differences at baseline, the 6–8 week ( p = 0.13) or 3‐month ( p = 0.09) evaluations. The combination group reported better emotional well‐being at baseline than the monotherapy group ( p = 0.04), There were no other group differences QOL at baseline or later timepoints. Conclusions Despite increasing patient‐reported toxicity, checkpoint inhibitor monotherapy and combination therapy were associated with similar transient improvements, then worsening, of QOL in patients with HNSCC.
N.E. Giatsintov on the System of Railway Tariffs in Russia (second half of the XIX century)

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

With 2001 for 2010 in Russia structural reform on a railway transportation, mentioned, including system of tariffs for cargo and passenger transportations was carried out. In article the organization of railroad rates in Russia in second half of XIXth century is considered, and its analysis stated in works of known Russian economist N.E.Giatsintov is given.
Design Thinking in Education: Evaluating the Impact on Student Entrepreneurship Competencies

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This study investigates the effectiveness of the Sibiu Impact Makers program, a 14-week social entrepreneurship initiative at Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, which integrates Design Thinking to develop entrepreneurial competencies among students from the faculties of Economic Sciences, Engineering, as well as Social Sciences and Humanities. Using a quasi-experimental design, the study employed a pre-and-post-analysis based on the EntreComp Framework to assess changes in entrepreneurial competencies, revealing significant post-program improvements. To situate this research within the broader academic landscape, a bibliometric analysis was conducted to identify trends linking Design Thinking and entrepreneurial education. The findings indicate that the program enhances entrepreneurial skills, with impact variations tied to students’ learning styles, as classified by the Honey and Mumford Learning Style Questionnaire. However, as a case study with a sample size of 58, findings may have limited generalizability. This research contributes to the discourse on personalized and experiential education, suggesting that integrating Design Thinking with tailored learning strategies can play a vital role in entrepreneurship education.
CD229 (Ly9) Lymphocyte Cell Surface Receptor Interacts Homophilically through Its N-Terminal Domain and Relocalizes to the Immunological Synapse

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Abstract CD229 is a member of the CD150 family of the Ig superfamily expressed on T and B cells. Receptors of this family regulate cytokine production and cytotoxicity of lymphocytes and NK cells. The cytoplasmic tail of CD229 binds to SAP, a protein that is defective in X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome. To identify the CD229 ligand, we generated a soluble Ig fusion protein containing the two N-terminal extracellular domains of human CD229 (CD229-Ig). CD229-Ig bound to CD229-transfected cells, whereas no binding was detected on cells expressing other CD150 family receptors, showing that CD229 binds homophilically. Both human and mouse CD229 interacted with itself. Domain deletion mutants showed that the N-terminal Ig-domain mediates homophilic adhesion. CD229-CD229 binding was severely compromised when the charged amino acids E27 and E29 on the predicted B-C loop and R89 on the F-G loop of the N-terminal domain were mutated to alanine. In contrast, one mutation, R44A, enhanced the homophilic interaction. Confocal microscopy image analysis revealed relocalization of CD229 to the contact area of T and B cells during Ag-dependent immune synapse formation. Thus, CD229 is its own ligand and participates in the immunological synapse.
Private Confession of Sin in the Theology of Dietrich Bonhoeffer

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In the thesis I argue that private confession of sin plays a significant role in Bonhoeffer's theology from his earliest writings onwards and that it is the vehicle through which he envisages the reinvigoration of the church.On Bonhoeffer's account, private confession of sin is a moment of concrete encounter with the present Christ in which the one who confesses comes out of self and into Christ and thereby into the church-community; namely, into Christ existing as church-community.In so doing the confessant displaces self as the pseudo-creator, and stands before Christ in order both to speak out truth and to hear truth; that is, she comes out of self in order to be addressed by Christ.Through this action the confessant embraces reality, receives Stellvertretung (vicarious representative action), moves from death to life, from isolation to community, and from disunity to union with Christ and his Church.Confession is the actualisation by the Holy Spirit of the already accomplished ontological reality of the reconciliation of humanity with God wrought by Jesus Christ through his incarnation, crucifixion and resurrection.The Stellvertreter, the one who hears the confession, stands before the one confessing both in the place of the church community -that is, in place of Christ -and as a fellow sinner, forgives the sin in the power of the Spirit and 'takes the sin from the other's conscience and bears it … by… laying it on Christ' in the name of the triune God.In sum, for Bonhoeffer, private confession effects a reconstitution of personhood through the revelatory word heard in encounter with Christ.Confession is intrinsic to Bonhoeffer's ecclesiology, theological anthropology, soteriology,
Development of a Protocol for In-vitro Regeneration of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The experiment was conducted to find out an effective combinations and concentrations of plant growth regulators for in vitro regeneration of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni, a medicinally important, zero-calorie value, sweet tasted and an antidiabetic herb. Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with different concentrations and combinations of BAP and NAA were used for shoot regeneration using shoot tip as explant. The highest shoot regeneration percentage (83.33%) was obtained from the MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/l BAP + 2.0 mg/l NAA followed by 72.92% of shoot regeneration from MS medium supplemented with 3.0 mg/l BAP + 3.0 mg/l NAA. The lowest percentage (29.17%) of shoot regeneration was observed in MS medium with 0 mg/l BAP + 1.0 mg/l NAA. Significant numbers of healthy and vigorous shootlets were proliferated showing normal phenotypes. The in vitro proliferated shoots were inoculated on MS medium supplemented individually with 0, 1.0, 6.0 mg/l IBA for root initiation. Among the treatments used for root initiation, the highest percentage (75%) of root formation was observed in MS medium supplemented with 6 mg/l IBA + 1.0 mg/l BAP + 2.0 mg/l NAA followed by 71.43% in MS medium with 6 mg/l IBA + 3.0 mg/l BAP + 3.0 mg/l NAA. In contrast, the lowest percentage (14.28%) of root formation was obtained in MS medium supplemented with 6 mg/l IBA + 0 mg/l BAP + 1.0 mg/l NAA. For mass production of healthy Stevia plantlets, MS media supplemented with 1.0 mg/l BAP + 2.0 mg/l NAA, in combination with MS media supplemented with 6 mg/l IBA + 1.0 mg/l BAP + 2.0 mg/l NAA could be used for further proliferation of the plantlets for commercial purpose.
Measurement of internal stray radiation of a thermal infrared spectrometer based on temperature variation

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The level of internal stray radiation is an important criterion to evaluate the performance of a thermal infrared spectrometer. In this study, a novel method is proposed and evaluated to measure the internal stray radiation of a thermal infrared spectrometer based on temperature variation. The proposed method was used to measure the internal stray radiation values of an existing instrument. First, two output gray value curves were constructed for a single spectral channel in a cryogenic detector at two different spectrometer temperatures based on radiometric calibration measurements. Subsequently, the gray value and radiation flux of the internal stray radiation of the spectrometer were calculated. In addition, the internal stray radiation data measured at different spectral channels and different integration times were used to verify and evaluate the proposed method. Results show that the proposed method is valid, and the standard deviations of the various internal radiation values of the tested spectral channels and the various integration times are 3.47% and 1.46%, respectively. The proposed method is adaptable, flexible, and efficient.
Performance physique et sédation: étude comparative des effets d'une benzodiazépine (témazépam) et d'un hypnotique non-benzodiazépinique (zolpidem). [Physical performance and sedation: comparative study of the effects of a benzodiazepine (temazepam) and of a non-benzodiazepine hypnotic (zolpidem)]

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

It is well-known that many athletes experience some form of precompetition stress that may result in insomnia during the night before their competition. Yet, sleep withdrawal even if only partial, has a negative influence on performance, particularly when the type of exercise requires good psychomotor performance The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether the intake of a hypnotic drug would have negative effects on physical performance capacity. The authors have compared the effects of oral temazepam, a medium half-life benzodiazepine vs oral zolpidem, a short half-life non-benzodiazepine drug, vs placebo. A randomized double-blind trial was used to assess endurance, resistance, strength and coordination in 26 athletes. The results did not show any differences between the three groups, neither in physical performance characteristic nor in coordination. It is concluded that as regards the performance capacity, there is no risk for stressed athletes to use sleep inducers the night before their competition.
The spatiotemporal expression of multiple coho salmon ovarian connexin genes and their hormonal regulation in vitro during oogenesis

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Background Throughout oogenesis, cell-cell communication via gap junctions (GJs) between oocytes and surrounding follicle cells (theca and granulosa cells), and/or amongst follicle cells is required for successful follicular development. To gain a fundamental understanding of ovarian GJs in teleosts, gene transcripts encoding GJ proteins, connexins (cx), were identified in the coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch, ovary. The spatiotemporal expression of four ovarian cx transcripts was assessed, as well as their potential regulation by follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1). Methods Salmonid ovarian transcriptomes were mined for cx genes. Four gene transcripts designated cx30.9, cx34.3, cx43.2, and cx44.9 were identified. Changes in gene expression across major stages of oogenesis were determined with real-time, quantitative RT-PCR (qPCR) and cx transcripts were localized to specific ovary cell-types by in situ hybridization. Further, salmon ovarian follicles were cultured with various concentrations of FSH, LH and IGF1 and effects of each hormone on cx gene expression were determined by qPCR. Results Transcripts for cx30.9 and cx44.9 were highly expressed at the perinucleolus (PN)-stage and decreased thereafter. In contrast, transcripts for cx34.3 and cx43.2 were low at the PN-stage and increased during later stages of oogenesis, peaking at the mid vitellogenic (VIT)-stage and maturing (MAT)-stage, respectively. In situ hybridization revealed that transcripts for cx34.3 were only detected in granulosa cells, but other cx transcripts were detected in both oocytes and follicle cells. Transcripts for cx30.9 and cx44.9 were down-regulated by FSH and IGF1 at the lipid droplet (LD)-stage, whereas transcripts for cx34.3 were up-regulated by FSH and IGF1 at the LD-stage, and LH and IGF1 at the late VIT-stage. Transcripts for cx43.2 were down-regulated by IGF1 at the late VIT-stage and showed no response to gonadotropins. Conclusion Our findings demonstrate the presence and hormonal regulation of four different cx transcripts in the salmon ovary. Differences in the spatiotemporal expression profile and hormonal regulation of these cx transcripts likely relate to their different roles during ovarian follicle differentiation and development.
Analysis of Series Compensation and DC-Link Voltage Controls of a Transformerless Self-Charging Dynamic Voltage Restorer

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper describes a transformerless self-charging dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) series compensation device used to mitigate voltage sags. A detailed analysis on the control of the restorer for voltage sag mitigation and dc-link voltage regulation are presented. A nonlinear element is shown to exist in the regulator, the activation of which can adversely affect its stability. Active cancellation for this element is recommended. Simulation and experimental results are presented for a 1-kVA prototype to validate the analysis as well as demonstrate the DVR's performance under both voltage restoration and self-charging operating conditions.
Intelektinis kapitalas ir strateginiai sprendimai: integralus požiūris

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

In a dynamic and complex market, tangible assets, which often produce only short-term effects, cease to be the critical source of competitive advantage against competitors. Instead, nowadays more emphasis is placed on intellectual competitiveness, which is achieved by the ability to make strategic decisions on business development that are adequate to the changes in the complex and dynamic external environment. An approach based on knowledge resources forms the theoretical background of this study. Its main assumption is that intangible resources are the strategic asset that plays the central role in creating a long-term competitive advantage for organizations. The article emphasises that although intellectual capital and knowledge management are rather extensively discussed in various contexts, the available theoretical and empirical studies are often fragmented. Current research lacks a scientifically-based, integrative approach, which would reveal broader theoretical assumptions that take into account current developments. The article presents an integrative model, built on conceptual theoretical insights that include three components: strategic decisions, intellectual capital and knowledge management. The model broadens the field of research on intellectual capital not only in the addition of strategic dimension as its essential component that influences creation of added value in organizations, but also in its emphasis on the importance of integrating the strategy of intellectual capital with knowledge management. The model also illustrates the link between the components of intellectual capital and processes of knowledge management in the context of strategic management. An assumption is made that the constructed complex research model will provide new insights for scientific research at the theoretical level, while its practical implementation would assist organizations in their strategic development and help to increase the produced added value.
Paralysed man asks High Court to allow doctors to end his life

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

A 57 year old man who is almost totally paralysed with locked-in syndrome after a stroke is to seek a ruling from the High Court’s family division in London that doctors might lawfully give him a drug to end his life.

The case, which was lodged with the court this week, follows another pending case in which a 42 year old man named only as Martin, also paralysed after a stroke, seeks the help of a palliative care doctor while he starves himself to death.

In England and Wales, voluntary euthanasia is considered murder, carrying …
Migraine Therapy

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Migraine has been endemic for many centuries. Seamlessness between plant-derived and synthetic migraine therapies is evident in three major aspects: (A) The latter are molecular adaptations of the former, (B) Combinations of herbal and non-herbal migraine therapies (e.g., one for prophylaxis and the other for acute therapy) are used by many patients, and (C) All migraine treatments, whether plant-derived or not, are capable of clinical trial using the same endpoints. At least two, newly discovered plant-derived migraine therapies are currently under research using standard clinical trial methodology. Suggestions are provided for more flexible clinical trial designs that might particularly suit research into herbal remedies. The future of migraine therapy is likely to continue to exhibit an intimate, symbiotic relationship between plant-derived and synthetic drugs.
A CASE, OF SO-CALLED EPIGNATHUS WITH COMPLETE CLEFT PALATE

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A female infant with complete cleft palate with a large tumor protruding from the mouth was reported. This tumor was covered with skin and was found to arise from roof of the nasal cavity through the palatal cleft. Complete removal of the tumor was performed at about i month of ages without any complication.Histological examination revealed that the tumor consisted of skin, fatty tissue, striated muscle, mucous membrane and bone, and the so-called epignathus was diagnosed.The pathogenesis of this tumor is still unknown and its classification is rather complicated. However, based on both microscopic and macroscopic findings of the tumors which have been reported in the literature, we considered that socalled epignathus could be devided into the following two groups. .1. Nasopharyngeal teratomatous tumors including dermoid, teratoid tumor and true teratoma, which is caused by dislocation of the embryonic tissue into the pharynx.2. Genuine Epiganathus which contains imcomplete extremities, fingers or differentiated organs. It is a kind of unmatured double monster and caused by dislocation of a germ at twin formation.From the view point of our classification above-mentioned, the case reported in this paper should be called, in strict means, nasopharyngeal teratoma.Cleft palate, which combines very rarely with nasopharyngeal teratoma, suggests the migration of embroryonic tissue into the nasopharynx at the very early stage of fetal life before the union of the bilateral palates.