jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
RESEARCH AND REVIEWS: JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES Formulation and Evaluation of Floatable In-situ Gel for Stomach-Specific Drug Delivery of Carbamazapine.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The present investigation deals with the formulation and evaluation of sodium alginate and HPMC based floating oral in-situ gel of carbamazapine. Sodium alginate and HPMC were used as a polymer and CaCO3 was used as a cross-linking agent to form in-situ gels. The drug gets released in sustained and controlled manner from these types of formulations for prolonged duration thus reduces the dosing frequency of the drug. Formulation method of present study utilizes the polymers that exhibit sol-to-gel phase transition due to change in specific physicochemical parameters. Developed formulations were evaluated for their suitability to control the drug release and ease of administration by measuring the amount of drug entrapped, floatation duration, rate of drug release and pH and viscosity during sol gel transition etc. Results of the study indicated among the different batches of formulations with range of polymeric concentration and gelling stimuli, the formulation batch F5 was most suitable preparation being able to control the drug release for 24hrs duration with administration and physiological suitability in terms of pH and Viscosity. Thus results of the study concluded that very useful antiepileptic drugs like carbamazapine can be reformulated into more patient friendly and therapeutically beneficial formulations using these types of oral in-situ floatable gel systems, which reduces manufacturing cost and duration.
Biosurfactants and increased bioavailability of sorbed organic contaminants: Measurements using a biosensor

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Bioremediation of sites contaminated with hydrophobic materials that sorb onto the soil matrix is very difficult due to reduced microbial (bio)availability. Following biosurfactant addition, we have measured an increase in contaminant bioavailability by using a lux biosensor. Direct microbial bioavailability was determined by using a genetically engineered microbial bioreporter strain of Pseudomonas putida. This strain was engineered so the lux genes, which code for light production, are transcriptionally fused with genes that code for contaminant degradation and are thus induced in the presence of specific compounds. By using a bioreporter we can quantify the actual microbial bioavailability of the contaminants and compare it to concentrations measured by other analytical methods (e.g. gas chromatograph). It is possible that these values are not equal to each other. Thus, bioremediation rates may not be accurately predicted if bioavailability is not considered.
Role of the Latent Transforming Growth Factor β–Binding Protein 1 in Fibrillin-Containing Microfibrils in Bone Cells In Vitro and In Vivo

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Latent transforming growth factor β–binding proteins (LTBPs) are extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins that bind latent transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) and influence its availability in bone and other connective tissues. LTBPs have homology with fibrillins and may have related functions as microfibrillar proteins. However, at present little is known about their structural arrangement in the ECM. By using antibodies against purified LTBP1, against a short peptide in LTBP1, and against epitope-tagged LTBP1 constructs, we have shown colocalization of LTBP1 and fibrillin 1 in microfibrillar structures in the ECM of cultured primary osteoblasts. Immunoelectron microscopy confirmed localization of LTBP1 to 10- to 12-nm microfibrils and suggested an ordered aggregation of LTBP1 into these structures. Early colocalization of LTBP1 with fibronectin suggested a role for fibronectin in the initial assembly of LTBP1 into the matrix; however, in more differentiated osteoblast cultures, LTBP1 and fibronectin 1 were found in distinct fibrillar networks. Overexpression of LTBP1 deletion constructs in osteoblast-like cells showed that N-terminal amino acids 67–467 were sufficient for incorporation into fibrillin-containing microfibrils and suggested that LTBP1 can be produced by cells distant from the site of fibril formation. In embryonic long bones in vivo, LTBP1 and fibrillin 1 colocalized at the surface of newly forming osteoid and bone. However, LTBP1-positive fibrils, which did not contain fibrillin 1, were present in cartilage matrix. These studies show that in addition to regulating TGFβ1, LTBP1 may function as a structural component of connective tissue microfibrils. LTBP1 may therefore be a candidate gene for Marfan-related connective tissue disorders in which linkage to fibrillins has been excluded.
Fuscocephaloziopsis pleniceps Vana & L. Soderstr.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

F. pleniceps (Austin) Váňa & L.Söderstr. [Cephalozia pleniceps (Austin) Lindb.] (per., spor.) – 2, 3, 4, 5, 11,19 (7: 433–830 m), fr.: tundra belt, on fine earth in niches on carbonate cliffs mixed with Asterella lindenbergiana, Pohlia cruda, Bartramia ithyphylla, on fine earth between boulders in rock fields, among mosses in sedge-moss bog, on bare soil in snowbeds and along temporary brooks under snowfields, as well on decaying wood in mountain coniferous forests [121150]. Occurs both in pure mats and mixed with Blepharostoma trichophyllum, Cephalozia bicuspidata, Lophozia murmanica, Schistochilopsis opacifolia, Mesoptychia gillmanii.
Visualising Chemical Transformations in Si-Based Electrodes through Operando Tomography

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The development of the modern Li-ion batteries requires new materials which will be capable of delivering high energy storage capacities. In such quest, anode materials operating under alloying mechanism have been recognised among the others as a potential replacement for conventional graphite-based anodes in Li-ion batteries. Among those, Si has long been viewed as the main candidate for such a role, as the Li storage capacity of Si is ten times higher than that of graphite. While more than a decade of research was dedicated to improve poor cycling stability of Si-based anodes, the progress in stabilisation of Si cyclability is still partially impeded by the lack of complete fundamental understanding of the chemical transformations taking place during cycling. Despite the relative simplicity of the electrochemical processes underlying the cycling mechanism of Si, the true atomistic and morphological changes are not fully understood. Furthermore, the formation of amorphous Li-Si phases during lithiation and delithiation substantially restricts the set of characterisation techniques, which could be applied to reveal the details of the cycling mechanism. In general, the materials operating under allowing mechanism in LIBs and other battery chemistries share the similar level of complexity. This calls for new experimental and computational methods for characterisation of Si and other alloying materials with use of operando mode, which will help to link the chemical transformations at different scales to the electrochemical performance. In this presentation, we will demonstrate a characterisation methodology, which illustrates the possibility of retrieving new insights into the cycling mechanism by conducting operando pair distribution function computed tomography (PDF-CT) measurements using electrodes based on amorphous silicon (Si) as an example. The amorphous nature of Si and its lithiated forms complicates the analysis of this material system and, thus, Si-based anodes represent a perfect platform for evaluation of the new characterisation methods. The PDF-CT methodology demonstrated herein allows spatially resolved analysis of amorphous materials such as Si and detect the structural changes during lithiation/delithiation in a specially designed battery cell. Furthermore, this method could be utilised for creating a 3D structural map of electrodes fabricated from amorphous active materials (or materials which can form amorphous phases during cycling) and for understanding of structural and morphological changes during cycling.
Product Innovation: A Tool for Competitive Advantage in Nigeria

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The study examines the impact of product innovation on the performance of manufacturing companies with a particular focus on selected companies in Ibadan, Oyo State. The main objective of this study is to investigate the impact of product innovation on competitive advantage while the specific targets are to: investigate the impact of product improvements on customer satisfaction, determine the impact of product design on competitive advantage, and evaluate the impact of product color on competitive advantage.The survey population consisted of 500 marketing managers from these selected companies. Simple random sampling was used to select 30 marketing managers from each company, resulting in a total of 256 responses. The sample size for the study was 300. Data was collected from both primary and secondary sources and a questionnaire was administered to 30 employees of the reference organization. Analysis of the collected data revealed several findings: Decreasing sales and profits necessitated product innovation due to the market influence of competitors. There was a need to increase the company's sales and maximize profits. Customer satisfaction has increased. There is a need to maximize equity capital through increased sales and profits. The study concludes that product innovation not only satisfies the changing tastes of customers but also helps in increasing sales and profits. Recommendations include that companies should innovate their products regularly to reduce the costs associated with value analysis strategies. In addition, companies should thoroughly research and not neglect their research and development departments and other sources of information in their strategic planning for new products.
O USO DA ULTRASSONOGRAFIA PARA AVALIAÇÃO DA FALA EM CRIANÇAS: UMA PROPOSTA DE PROTOCOLO DE REVISÃO DE ESCOPO

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Purpose: present a scoping review protocol, which aims to map scientific evidence on the parameters used in the collection and analysis of speech using ultrasound. METHODS: The strategy (participants, concept and context) was used to determine the inclusion criteria - population (children), concept (ultrasound assessment) and context (speech assessment). The review will analyze observational, experimental and/or quasi-experimental, descriptive, analytical and qualitative studies, as well as texts and opinion articles. Studies that are unavailable in full text, in animals or in vitro, letters to the editor, errata, study protocols and studies that use ultrasound for purposes other than swallowing will be excluded. There will be no restrictions on language. Two independent professionals will select the studies from the databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, LILACS and Scopus). The review will analyze the year of publication, study design, sample, age and procedures for evaluating swallowing with ultrasound. Data will be presented in diagrams, tables and narratives. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: the literature has described ultrasound as an assessment tool to analyze the biomechanical movements of speech. This scoping review will describe ultrasound image acquisition methods to evaluate speech.
Peer Review #1 of "Effects of complex training versus heavy resistance training on neuromuscular adaptation, running economy and 5-km performance in well-trained distance runners (v0.2)"

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Recently, much attention has been paid to the role of neuromuscular function in long-distance running performance.Complex Training (CT) is a combination training method that alternates between performing heavy resistance exercises and plyometric exercises within one single session, resulting in great improvement in neuromuscular adaptation.The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of CT vs. heavy resistance training (HRT) on strength and power indicators, running economy (RE), and 5-km performance in well-trained male distance runners.Methods: Twenty-eight well-trained male distance runners (19 -23 years old, VO 2 max:65.78±4.99ml•kg -1 •min -1 ) performed one pre-test consisting of: maximum strength (1RM), counter movement jump (CMJ) height, peak power, a drop jump (DJ), and RE assessments, and blood lactate concentration (BLa) measurement at the speeds from 12 -16 km•h -1 , a 50-m sprint, and a 5-km running performance test.They were then divided into 3 groups: complex training group (CT, n = 10), that performed complex training and endurance training; heavy resistance training group (HRT, n = 9) that performed heavy strength training and endurance training; and control group (CON, n = 9) that performed strength-endurance training and endurance training.After the 8 weeks training intervention, all participants completed a posttest to investigate the training effects on the parameters measured.Results: After training intervention, both the CT and HRT groups had improvements in: 1RM strength (16.88%, p < 0.001; 18.80%, p < 0.001, respectively), CMJ height (11.28%, p < 0.001;
Criteria of Immunity and Susceptibility to Mumps in Young Adults

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Criteria of Immunity and Susceptibility to Mumps in Young Adults R. E. Wheeler, and A. S. Benenson CopyRight*Presented before the Epidemiology Section of the American Public Health Association at the Seventy-eighth Annual Meeting in St. Louis, Mo., November 2, 1950. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.41.10.1238 Published Online: August 29, 2011
Jekyll and Hyde revisited: Young people's constructions of feminism, feminists and the practice of “reasonable feminism”

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

It is a decade and a half since Nigel Edley and Margaret Wetherell's (2001) “Jekyll and Hyde: Men's constructions of feminism and feminists” called scholarly attention to men's discursive splitting of feminism and feminists into good and monstrous variants. In this article, we ask whether this double vision persists and how it operates in a cultural moment when feminism and feminist issues are (re)entering the mainstream. We draw from data collected in the course of a New Zealand study exploring how young people were making sense of sexism, feminism and gender (in)equality. Our analysis of participants' accounts suggests a binary discursive formulation of feminism is alive and well: “unreasonable feminism” damns and dismisses feminism, while “fair feminism” affirms it, aligning it with equality. Where previous research has shown how such pejorative and affirming accounts are worked together in ways that dilute or depoliticise feminism, we explore how teenagers who explicitly adopted a feminist identity drew on these discourses to justify a more politicised feminist position. Many participants adopted a practice of “reasonable feminism”, embodying and evidencing feminist reasonableness through their rhetorical and performative devices.
Temperature Investigations in Tire/Road Contact

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The mechanical properties of rubber materials are strongly dependent on temperature. This also affects the friction properties of rubber elements like tires or sealings. Therefore, the temperature distribution in a friction contact of rubber is investigated more closely in this publication. At first the steady-state temperature distribution in a sliding contact is examined experimentally and theoretically. These steady-state considerations are extended by transient processes like a step in the sliding velocity and a step in the normal load or a non-uniform surface pressure distribution. The temperature distribution in the rolling friction contact of a rubber wheel is investigated for a variation of the normal load, angular velocity and slippage. This is also performed experimentally and theoretically.
[Methods and results of stereotactic radiosurgery for cavernous angiomas].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Stereotactic radiosurgery was performed in 42 patients (1997-2007). They presented with 47 cavernous angiomas and 44 of them underwent surgery. Single focal dosage varied 3-9 Gy while total one--18-54Gy. After treatment and 2-year followup, neurologic symptoms regressed in 21 (68%), tumors were smaller (MRI) in 10 (32.3%) and severe convulsions abated in 5 patients out of 9. No cerebral hemorrhage was reported within 9 years although 63.7% of tumors were located in deep cerebral structures and hemorrhage occurred as a precursor in 83%.
Students Motivation for Social Studies – Existential Exploration or Critical Engagement

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Purpose: To understand what motivates students for social studies. Design: Social studies as a school subject is defined in terms of its contents (knowledge, skills, values), by its teaching methods and by the organisational regulation of how students and teachers should engage in the subject. Student motivation for these components of social studies was examined in interviews with 26 students in optional social studies courses, and the results were analysed in a theoretical framework of motivation theory. Findings: The aspects of social studies most clearly seen as motivating for students is that social studies offers more possibilities for student self-regulation, that it provides an arena for subjective, emotional engagement. Students are also motivated by subject matter content that concerns them directly or that evoke emotions. Limitations: The data material only covers 26 students in optional courses in Norway. Further studies a-cross countries, comparing optional and compulsory courses, are needed. Broader data are also needed. Implications: Didactical models and advice must take these student interests into account, as these are the pre-conditions students bring into the classroom. At the same time there is an urgent need to develop ideas on how to link these self-reflective, subjective students perspectives to social, economic and political structures and processes.
Single trapped vortices induced in a superconducting film by laser switching

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Light pulses from an infrared laser can momentarily drive a superconducting strip of niobium normal. Under certain conditions, a single vortex may be trapped while the strip returns to the superconducting state. It was determined that the speckle pattern due to modal interference in the incident light is the most probable cause of vortex trapping. By changing the relative contrast of the speckle pattern, we can change the trapping probability from 0% to about 5% per pulse.
Immune stimulatory and anti-tumor properties of anti-CD3 and BAT monoclonal antibodies: A comparative study

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

A novel monoclonal antibody raised to Daudi cell membranes was found to exhibit immune stimulatory and anti-tumor properties. The activity of this antibody (BAT) which also binds T cells was compared to that of anti-CD3. Anti-CD3 reacts with the T cell receptor complex, induces cell proliferation, and cytolytic activity in vitro and also manifests in vivo anti-tumor effect against murine tumors. Comparison of the two antibodies demonstrates similar induction in vitro of splenocyte proliferation and cytolytic activity. Both BAT and anti-CD3 antibodies manifest anti-tumor activity in mice bearing B16 melanoma. They differ however in the timing of antibody administration post-tumor inoculation which is most effective in eliciting the anti-tumor effect. Whereas BAT is most effective when administered 10 to 14 days post-tumor inoculation, anti-CD3 is effective at an early time. Data also indicate that BAT synergises with tumor cells in eliciting cell proliferation in vitro. In contrast, this effect could not be demonstrated with anti-CD3. The properties of BAT may be of advantage in its potential clinical use.
Fate, Transport, and Biodegradation of Natural Estrogens in the Environment and Engineered Systems

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Natural steroidal estrogen hormones, e.g., estrone (E1), 17β-estradiol (E2), estriol (E3), and 17α-estradiol (17α), are released by humans and livestock in the environment and are the most potent endocrine disrupters even at nanogram per liter levels. Published studies broadly conclude that conventional wastewater treatment is efficient in the removal of 17β-estradiol (85-99%), but estrone removal is relatively poor (25-80%). The removal occurs mainly through sorption by sludge and subsequent biodegradation. The long solids retention time in wastewater treatment systems enhances estrogen removal due to longer exposure and the presence of a diverse microbial community, particularly nitrifiers. In spite of the treatment, the effluent from conventional biological wastewater treatment systems still contains estrogenic compounds at a level that may cause disruption of endocrine systems in some species. Advanced wastewater treatment systems such as membrane processes remove the estrogen compounds mainly through physical straining of particle-bound estrogens. Another major source, which accounts for 90% of the estrogen load, is animal manure from concentrated animal-feeding operations (CAFOs). Manure is not required to be treated in the United States as long as it is not discharged directly into water bodies. Thus, there is an urgent need to study the fate of animal-borne estrogens from these facilities into the environment. A number of studies have reported the feminization of male aquatic species in water bodies receiving the effluents from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) or surface runoff from fields amended with livestock manure and municipal biosolids. Estrogenicity monitoring studies have been conducted in more than 30 countries, and abundant research articles are now available in refereed journals. This review paper focuses on estrogen contributions by wastewater and livestock manure, their removal rate and mechanisms in an engineered system, and their transport and ultimate fate in an engineered system and the environment. The review aims to advance our understanding of fate, transport, and biodegradation of estrogen compounds and outlines some directions for future research.