jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Identification and Characterization of Novel Inhibitors of mPTPB, an Essential Virulent Phosphatase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Mycobacterium protein tyrosine phosphatase B (mPTPB) is an essential virulence factor required for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) survival in host macrophages. Consequently, mPTPB represents an exciting new target with a completely novel mechanism of action. We screened a library of 7,500 compounds against mPTPB and identified several 2-oxo-1,2-dihydrobenzo[cd]indole-6-sulfonamide and piperazinyl-thiophenyl-ethyl-oxalamide derivatives as two distinct classes of mPTPB inhibitors. We showed that both classes of inhibitors are capable of blocking the mPTPB-mediated ERK1/2 inactivation. We further demonstrated that both classes of mPTPB inhibitors are effective in inhibiting the growth of Mtb in macrophages. Thus, improvement of the lead compounds may produce a novel class of anti-TB agents.
Development and Characterization of a Fluorescent Probe for GLS1 and the Application for High-Throughput Screening of Allosteric Inhibitors

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Glutaminase (GLS1) is a cancer energy metabolism protein which plays a predominant role in cell growth and proliferation. Because of its major involvement in malignant tumor, small-molecule GLS1 inhibitors are urgently needed to assess its therapeutic potential and for probing their underlying biology function. Recent studies showed that targeting the allosteric binding site represented a promising strategy for identifying potent and selective GLS1 inhibitors. Herein, we present the synthesis of two fluorescent probes targeting the allosteric binding site of GLS1 and their usage as mechanistic tools in multiple applicable assay platform. The fluorescence polarization (FP)-based binding assay enables easy, fast, and reliable screen of allosteric inhibitors from our in-house compound library obtained through click chemistry method. The obtained compound C147 (named as CPU-L1) has been proved to be more potent and with greater solubility than the control compound CB839, which could serve as promising leads for further optimization as novel GLS1 inhibitors.
Deriving Local Operating Distributions to Estimate Transit Bus Emissions Across an Urban Network

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

In a 6-week data collection campaign, instantaneous bus speeds and ridership data were collected onboard 96 buses operating over 3,700 road links. Emissions were estimated by using the Motor Vehicle Emission Simulator 2014 version (MOVES2014). The effects of bus type and passenger load were explicitly accounted for in the emissions estimation process. The resulting emissions figures exhibit networkwide variations across different time periods, directions, land uses, passenger ridership figures, and transit service. Per passenger emissions data highlight the importance of considering onboard passenger weight in the estimation process. These results are relevant to transit planners who are evaluating plans to modify or introduce bus routes. This study also demonstrated a process in which local operating mode distributions were generated and specific drive cycles were developed for different average speeds and then were embedded into the MOVES2014 database. A validation test suggested that emissions figures derived using the locally developed operating mode distributions were better than and largely different from the emissions figures obtained using the MOVES default distributions. These embedded drive cycles could be useful when instantaneous speed information is unavailable, especially when developing a regional inventory for bus emissions in Montreal, Canada.
[Improvement of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of total proteins from rice anthers].

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This paper reported an improvement in 2-D gel electrophoresis of the proteome in Honglian cytoplasmic male sterile rice. An IPGphor unit with immobile pH gradient strips was used as the first dimension and SDS-PAGE as the second. The total anther proteins were extracted using TCA/acetone and then were washed 5-6 times with acetone till the proteins were white and clean, and then tributylphosphine and DTT were added into the rehydration buffer to improve the solubility of the proteins. The 2-D gel was stained by both methods of coomassie blue G-250 and silver. Extraction of proteins, pH of the strips and rehydration of the strips were optimized and compared. Higher repeatability and better separating protein pattern could be gained by this technique.
The Development of Experimental Head Impact Procedures for Simulating Pedestrian Head Injury

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper describes the procedures and methodologies used to reconstruct cadaver test head impacts and pedestrian accident cases, respectively. Head impact dent depth and its relationship to impact energy was found to be useful in determining the effective head mass upon impact in the cadaver test reconstructions. Good correlation between impactor response and the cadaver head accelerations was achieved. Good correlation was also achieved between pedestrian accident case injuries and the reconstruction results using three different head injury criterion, HIC, Mean Strain Criterion (MSC), and Normalized G's.</div>
D-Dimer; A Potential Clinical Marker for Predicting Metastasis & Stages in Lung Cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The relationship between plasma D-dimer level and the prognosis of advanced lung cancer is close to each other. This study investigated the role of plasma D-dimer as a prognostic factor in advanced lung cancer: a) The aim of the current study was to investigate the association of D dimer plasma level with the development of stages in lung cancer. b) D-dimers levels as predictor of fibrinolysis and Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC). The subjects were selected from oncology department, Ghulab Devi Hospital and Mayo Hospital, Lahore. Total 45 subjects were included in the present study. The selected subjects were divided into two groups. Group A included 15 normal, healthy, age and sex matched controls and group B included 30 patients, histologically diagnosed cases of lung cancer. The patients had no history of coagulation disorders or on anti-coagulant therapy. The plasma D-dimer was measured in normal, heathy Controls and 30 histologically diagnosed cases of lung cancer by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
The effects of nanotube fillers on craze formation in simulated glassy polymers under tensile load

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

We consider the work required to deform uniformly dense polymer systems of glassy bead-spring chains filled with rod-like inclusions with aspect ratio akin to carbon nanotubes (CNTs). We consider 0, 0.40, and 2.0 wt% of filler particles. For each composition, we vary the attractive strength of the polymer–inclusion interaction between one and eight times the nominal polymer–polymer interaction strength. Significant enhancements in plateau stress and work of deformation are observed only for the highest weight fraction of the most attractive inclusions. We show that the primitive path algorithm can be used in polymer glasses to simplify the identification of entanglements. We show that the number of entanglements and chains bridging multiple inclusions cannot be directly used to predict the toughness of the polymer composite. Our results indicate that entanglements do not appear to be the primary molecular-scale structural features responsible for determining material properties of polymer glasses.
Fingerprint preprocessing using FCN and U-net methods

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper analyzes the importance of optimizing fingerprint images from the perspective of front-line forensics personnel. Due to defects such as fingerprint ridge blurring and fingerprint image overlap, it may cause delays in fingerprint identification and lead to misjudgments (false positives, false negatives) and other consequences. This paper simulated common fingerprint images (fuzzy feature points) at criminal cases, and captured, segmented, and reconstructed fingerprints. Two deep learning model architectures, U-net [1] and FCN [2], were applied to realize image segmentation and image reconstruction. The first task is fingerprint image segmentation, where the fused images are segmented into incomplete fingerprints. The second task is to reconstruct the complete fingerprint from the image obtained after segmenting the incomplete fingerprint. Field verification for fingerprint image reconstruction and separation on red envelope were carried out. Ethyl cyanoacrylate method is used to visualize paper latent fingerprints and would produce “white” fingerprints, which is not easily distinguished from the red background. The pre-processing of fingerprints on red paper background is the key to the accuracy of fingerprint recognition. U-net image processing technology demonstrates the contributions of the forensic personnel in processing fingerprint images are as follows: [1] Improve efficiency. [2] Reduce misjudgment.
Mate Marote: Video Games to Stimulate the Development of Cognitive Processes

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Early childhood is a period characterized by the rapid development of several cognitive abilities known as executive functions (EFs), required for all kinds of learning and adaptive behavior. Like other aspects of development, both positive and detrimental environmental conditions can have a potential impact on EF maturation. For instance, an improvement in EF is usually reported when children engage in activities that gradually and systematically challenge them. Mate Marote is a free online platform with videogames inspired in neurocognitive science findings that aim to stimulate the development of EF in school-aged children. In this paper, we present the features of the platform, the games, and some promising results obtained in an experience with first graders in Argentina.
ICT‐enabled coordination of dynamic supply webs

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Increasingly, two key trends – value‐ and cost‐conscious customers, and globalization of markets and supply sources – are shifting the competitive focus from the competitive advantage of firms to competitive advantages of entire supply chains. At the same time, the possibilities for flexibility and coordination inherent in modern information and communication technologies are making it possible to design and follow a much greater variety of organization and governance strategies for delivering customer value. Contributes primarily to the development of general principles for ICT‐enabled redesign of supply chains. Rather than examine the individual impact and design implications of each new ICT innovation, proposes principles of abstraction that can be used to frame supply‐chain redesign options and decisions. Concludes with how these principles lead to flexibility in the design of various supply chain options, thereby providing cost and value advantages for the supply chain.
Experiential learning for engaging nutrition undergraduates with sustainability

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to describe students’ self-reported learning from engaging in an experiential learning task designed to develop their understanding of sustainable food systems and dietary practices. Design/methodology/approach In all, 143 first-year students enrolled in an entry level food and nutrition subject undertook a three-week eco-friendly food challenge (1. Reduce food (and food-related) waste; 2. localise food purchases; 3. eat seasonally and sustainably; or 4. reduce meat consumption). They blogged about their experience and respond to an action-orientated reflective question each week. Content analysis of the blogs was undertaken using NVivo 10. Content was systematically coded and categorised according to action/activity, learning and response to reflective question. Findings Students reported undertaking a range of self-selected practical activities throughout the challenge. Self-reported learning suggested students gained self-awareness and knowledge and demonstrated problem-solving abilities. The importance of planning and preparation was the most common theme in students’ blogs when responding to the action-orientated reflective question in Week 1. In Week 2, students identified socially mediated barriers and the time and energy required to undertake their challenge as the most likely barriers preventing others engaging in the challenge. They provided advice and solutions to overcome these barriers. In Week 3, a range of community, government and multi-sector initiatives to support consumer food-related behaviour change were identified. Originality/value This approach presents a possible means for engaging nutrition undergraduates with environmental sustainability.
Blogging activity among cancer patients and their companions: Uses, gratifications, and predictors of outcomes

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract This study examines cancer patients' and companions' uses and gratifications of blogs and the relationship between different types of blogging activities and gratification outcomes. In an online survey of 113 respondents, cancer patients were found to be more likely than their companions to host their own blogs. Four areas emerged as gratifications of blog use: prevention and care, problem‐solving, emotion management, and information‐sharing. Cancer patients and companions both found blogging activity to be most helpful for emotion management and information‐sharing. Further, cancer patients were more gratified than their companions in the areas of emotion management and problem‐solving. Regression analyses indicate that perceived credibility of blogs, posting comments on others' blogs, and hosting one's own blog significantly increased the explanatory power of the regression models for each gratification outcome.
Spine surgery complexity score predicts outcomes in 671 consecutive spine surgery patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: The spine surgery complexity score (SSCS), previously reported by us, is a simple grading system to predict postoperative complications and hospital length of stay (LOS). This scale is based on the technical difficulty of the spinal procedures being performed. Methods: We performed a retrospective chart review to validate SSCS in 671 consecutive patients undergoing spine procedures at a quaternary academic hospital. Results: The SSCS was predictive of the hospital LOS and postoperative complications (defined by the ClavienDindo score), based on linear regression analysis ( P < 0.001 for both). Conclusion: Categorizing procedures according to the SSCS may enable neurosurgeons to assess surgical risk and predict longer LOS courses after spine surgery. Thus, it may prove useful in preoperative patient evaluation/ education and determining a prognosis based on surgical complexity.
Stress–Strain Model for FRP-Confined Circular Concrete Columns Developing Structural Softening Behavior

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Even though several stress-strain models have been proposed for FRP-confined concrete columns subjected to axial compressive loading, very few models are able to predict an axial response featuring post-peak strain softening behavior. Furthermore, the reliability of most of these models are limited only to a certain concrete strength class (either normal- or high- or ultrahigh-strength concrete). This study aims to develop an analytical model for the determination of the axial response of FRP-confined concrete applicable to the cases with different levels of confinement stiffness and concrete strength. For this purpose, this research proposes a new confinement stiffness threshold dependent on the coupled concrete strength and column dimension size effects, to classify quantitatively FRP-confined concrete’s behavior in two distinguished subcategories: strain hardening and strain post-peak softening behavior. For FRP-confined concrete with strain hardening response, a parabolic-linear stress-strain relation is developed where a new formulation is derived for the slope of the linear second portion, calibrated by 583 test data. To simulate FRP-confined concrete with strain post-peak softening behavior, a new methodology is proposed whose key components are calibrated by using 121 test data. With these features, the proposed model is able to objectively account for the integrated influences of concrete strength and confinement stiffness on stress-strain response. The predictive performance of the developed stress-strain model is evaluated by comparing the predictions of a wide range of relevant experimental test data, which confirms the model’s reliability and accuracy. Compared to the other existing stress-strain models, the proposed model provides an improved performance.
Incorporation of Dust Particles into a Growing Film During Silicon Dioxide Deposition from a TEOS/O2Plasma

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The effects of gas flow rate on particle formation and film deposition during the preparation of silica thin film using a TEOS/O2 plasma were investigated. Particle formation and growth are suppressed with increasing gas flow rates. The film deposition rate increases with increasing gas flow rate, reaches a maximum value, and eventually decreases again. However, the uniformity of the film tends to degrade at high gas flow rates. At a high gas flow rate, some particles trapped in the sheath near the grounded electrode pass through the sheath to reach the substrate and are then embedded in the growing film. A self-consistent sheath model combined with particle force balance based on charge fluctuation was developed to explain these experimental findings qualitatively. The model reveals that charge fluctuation is a key factor for the particle to overcome the potential barrier of the negatively charged particles to pass through the sheath, eventually reaching the substrate. The model further shows that the probability of a particle being deposited on the substrate is higher for increased gas flow rates, which correctly predicts the experimentally observed trend.
Effect of Matrix Cracking on Mechanical Properties in FRP Angle-Ply Laminates

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The study is to investigate the mechanical properties, cracks behaviors and the effect of matrix cracking on the mechanical properties of angle-ply FRP laminates. Three types of materials were tested for this purpose: 1. CFRP (T700SC/2592, Torayca), 2. CFRP (T700SC/2500, Torayca), 3. GFRP (GE352G135SB). FRP laminates with laminated structures of [θm(2)/ θn(1)]s are monotonically loaded to obtain its mechanical properties. In order to obtain more cracks on specimen, notches were made at the edges of some specimens to create artificial cracks before tested by tensile test machine. Cyclic loading tensile test were also done at certain stress points after inlinearity started to form. As the laminates are loaded and unloaded back to 0 MPa, strain became non-zero due to the existence of residual strain, where laminates are plastically deformed. Cracks observation for CFRP laminates was done by using X-ray machine while for GFRP laminates, due to its semi-transparent properties, cracks formation can be viewed in real time by using DSLR camera. The experimental results of stiffness reduction and crack density relationship agreed well to analytical results. Understanding the damage behavior in cross-ply and angle-ply laminates is important so that damage behavior and its effects in laminates with more complex configuration such as quasi-isotropic laminates can be predicted.
Teacher Verbal Feedback Directed Towards Secondary Pupils with Challenging Behaviour and its Relationship to their Behaviour

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract There is a body of evidence that has linked teachers' verbal feedback to pupils with pupil behaviour. In this study teacher verbal behaviour that was directed towards those pupils that the teachers had nominated as being especially difficult to teach was examined. A series of lessons was observed in a secondary school. The quality and quantity of teacher verbal feedback directed to the class as a whole and to the designated pupils was recorded, as was the on‐task behaviour of the pupils. It was found that the designated pupils were less on‐task than their peers and were more likely to 'shout‐out' in lessons. However, they were found to behave appropriately in well run lessons, where on‐task rates were high for all pupils. Teachers tended to give more attention to the designated pupils in the form of positive feedback directed towards their work, but also negative attention directed towards their behaviour. A positive relationship was found between teachers' use of positive feedback and on‐task rates of the designated pupils. The results are discussed both in terms of the strategies used by teachers but also the effect that labelling of the pupils might have on the behaviour of the teachers and the pupils themselves.
Catalytic mechanisms of oxygen-containing groups over vanadium active sites in an Al-MCM-41 framework for production of 2,5-diformylfuran from 5-hydroxymethylfurfural

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

In the V-doped Al-MCM-41 framework, the [V-1] active site with a hydroxyl group displays better catalytic activity than the [V-0] active site without a hydroxyl group toward the oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural to 2,5-diformylfuran.
Retinal localization of scotomata by scanning laser ophthalmoscopy.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The scanning laser ophthalmoscope (SLO) system has been modified to permit direct retinal perimetry. A movable pinhole in a retinal conjugate plane furnishes a mapping stimulus whose retinal locus is directly observable on a video image of the fundus. Scotoma maps in patients with macular disease and physiologic scotomata associated with normal optic discs are presented. Clinical applications of the method are discussed.
Introduction: The Architectures of Shakespeare

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This introduction sketches a framework for what I would term "the architectures of Shakespeare", taking into account Shakespeare's use of architectural terms in order to situate the poet-dramatist's metaphorical and structural use of building, the master art of the Renaissance. Then, too, his use of the building as a vehicle to communicate themes and ideas also depends on and diverges from the example offered by the work of his contemporaries such as Gascoigne, Sidney, Marlowe and Jonson. After thus providing a brief introduction to the five articles in this volume, I turn my attention to Shakespeare's documented increased interest in architecture and foreign models before planning and during the building of New Place. That personal project marks, I would argue, a marked shift in his interest in and use of not only architecture, but also the arts in general.