jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Ventilatory adequacy and respiratory mechanics with laryngeal mask versus tracheal intubation during positive pressure ventilation.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The ventilatory adequacy and respiratory mechanics during positive pressure ventilation (PPV) via the laryngeal mask airway (LMA) are compared with the respiratory mechanics via the tracheal tube (TT). Thirty patients undergoing breast surgery were studied. After induction of anesthesia and muscle relaxation an LMA was inserted. Data were collected every 5 min for a 15 min period and included inspired (VTinsp) and expired (VTexp) tidal volumes, I:E ratio, peak airway pressure (Ppeak), plateau pressure (Pplat), total dynamic compliance (C), and the percentage of VT exhaled passively in the first second of expiration (V1.0%). Then the trachea was intubated and measurements were repeated as previously. Gas leak was calculated as the fraction (VTinsp- VTexp)/Vtinsp. VTinsp and VTexp did not differ significantly between the LMA or TT anesthesia at any time (P = 0.9318, P = 0.7071 for VTinsp and VTexp respectively), neither the Ppeak (P = 0.1382). Significant differences were found for Pplat (P = 0.000) and C (P = 0.0001). Individual comparisons showed a significant difference between the LMA Pplat at 5 min when compared with all the Pplat mean values recorded with the LMA or the TT (P < 0.05-0.01). The C mean value with the LMA at 5 min was significantly lower when compared with all the C mean values via the TT anesthesia (P < 0.05-0.01). Significant differences were found among the V1.0% measurements (P = 0.030) but not between individual comparisons. Leak was similar with the LMA or TT airway management. It is concluded that, in patients with normal airway pressure and compliance, PPV using the LMA is comparatively effective with the use of TT.
Challenges in the management of people with diabetes and cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Although micro‐ and macrovascular complications of diabetes are the most important cause of mortality and morbidity in people with diabetes, it is increasingly recognized that diabetes increases the risk of developing cancer. Diabetes and cancer commonly co‐exist, and outcomes in people with both conditions are poorer than in those who have cancer but no diabetes. There is no randomized trial evidence that treating hyperglycaemia in people with cancer improves outcomes, but therapeutic nihilism should be avoided, and a personalized approach to managing hyperglycaemia in people with cancer is needed. This review aims to outline the link between diabetes therapies and cancer, and discuss the reasons why glucose should be actively managed people with both. In addition, we discuss clinical challenges in the management of hyperglycaemia in cancer, specifically in relation to glucocorticoids, enteral feeding and end‐of‐life care.
An evaluation of Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) biochar and EFB compost as growing media for oil palm seedling / Muhammad Syafiq Ahmad Dani

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) is usually use as mulching material in oil palm plantation sector for new transplanted seedling since it shows good characteristic in conserve soil moisture and contain high nutrient. The nutrient content has been improved in compost process through anaerobic respiration and biochar process through pyrolysis. This advantages has been seen have a potential to be growing media for oil palm seedling in pre-nursery. This study was aim to evaluate the suitability of EFB compost and EFB biochar as growing media and to determine the optimum ratio of EFB compost and EFB biochar as a growing media. This study was carried out by applied different ratio of EFB biochar and EFB compost (0:0, 1:4, 2:3, 3:2, 4:1, 5:0) in pre-nursery oil palm seedling stage. Growth performance of oil palm seedling were measured on weekly basis while soil properties and nutrient content in plant tissues were analysed at the end of experiment. Result showed there were no significant different in growth performance for 10 weeks through statistical analysis but T1 (1:4) was highest growth performance determined through field observation. The soil properties showed pH was improved from acidic (pH 4.0) to desired pH for plant uptake by adding EFB compost and EFB biochar. The available of P, K, Ca and Mg increased by adding EFB compost. The soil properties showed available P, K, Ca and Mg was high for T1 (1:4) and pH for T1 was optimum range (pH 6.0-7.0), in the same time indicate T1 was the most optimum ratio as growing media.
Star quality: celebrity casting in London West End theatres

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the practice of casting celebrity performers in London West End theatres. The paper uses the literature on celebrity to explore the impact that casting a celebrity has on the London theatre audience. Design/methodology/approach – The pervasiveness of celebrity culture forms the background and starting point for this research. In the first phase, theatre managers, directors and producers were interviewed to explore their views on the practice of celebrity casting. In the second phase, an audience survey was conducted. The approach taken is exploratory and is intended to illuminate the conditions under which a successful celebrity-focused strategy can be constructed. Findings – A distinction between fame and celebrity was drawn by both theatre professionals and audiences, with celebrity status being seen as something that is created by media exposure and being in the public eye. This is in contrast to fame, which is earned by being famous for something, or some achievement. Theatre audiences are more likely to be attracted by celebrities who have theatrical expertise and not by someone known simply through film, television or the all-pervasive gossip columns. Celebrities with a background in theatre and film were seen to strongly draw audiences to the theatre, as opposed to those with a background in reality TV shows, search-for-a-star shows or for being half of a famous couple. Originality/value – The paper is focused on the theatre and makes an original contribution to the current discussion of the power wielded by celebrities. It is the first empirical research on this aspect of the theatre business. Its contribution lies in understanding audience members’ interpretation and understanding of celebrity to ascertain the extent to which they perceive celebrities as credible to perform theatre. This is based on a differentiation between their mediated fame and expertise. It is helpful and useful information for producers when deciding whether or not to cast a celebrity and to which audiences that the celebrity might appeal.
Resistance to Lettuce Big-Vein Disease in Lettuce Cultivars

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In a field where lettuce big-vein disease had occurred, the relationship between symptom expression and two viruses associated with the disease (Lettuce big-vein virus and Mirafiori lettuce virus) was investigated in a total of 60 lettuce cultivars (Lactuca saliva L.). Both viruses were detected in all lettuce cultivars. In the crisphead type, the degree of resistance to symptom expression was related to the stage at which the virus was detected, especially with Mirafiori lettuce virus. In the butterhead, cos, stem and red leaf types, both viruses were detected in the early growing stages, while few or no typical symptoms were observed at harvest.
[Comparative studies on the course of the intestinal phase of Trichinella spiralis invasion in various species and strains of rodents].

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In recent years, LED technology emerged as a prime candidate for the future illumination light source, due to high energy efficiency and long life time. In addition, LEDs offer a superior flexibility in terms of colors and shapes, which leads to a potentially infinite variety of available light patterns. In order to create these patterns via easy user interaction, we need to sense the local light contribution of each LED. This measurement could be enabled through tagging of the light of each LED with unique embedded IDs. To this end, we propose a new modulation and multiple access scheme, named as code- time division multiple access - pulse position modulation (CTDMA- PPM): a form of PPM which is keyed according to a spreading sequence, and in which the duty cycle is subject to pulse width modulation (PWM) according to the required lighting setting. Our scheme considers illumination constraints in addition to the communication requirements and, to our best knowledge, it has not been addressed by other optical modulation methods. Based on the proposed modulation method and multiple access schemes, we develop a system structure, which includes illumination sources, a sensor receiver and a control system. Illumination sources illuminate the environment and transmit information, simultaneously. According to our theoretical analysis, this system structure could support a number of luminaries equal to the size of the CDMA codebook times the dimming range.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of New CRISPR Mutagenesis Strategies Reveal Variation in Repair Mechanisms among Fungi.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

We have created new vectors for clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) mutagenesis in Candida albicans, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida glabrata, and Naumovozyma castellii.These new vectors permit a comparison of the requirements for CRISPR mutagenesis in each of these species and reveal different dependencies for repair of the Cas9 double-stranded break.Both C. albicans and S. cerevisiae rely heavily on homology-directed repair, whereas C. glabrata and N. castellii use both homology-directed and nonhomologous endjoining pathways.The high efficiency of these vectors permits the creation of unmarked deletions in each of these species and the recycling of the dominant selection marker for serial mutagenesis in prototrophs.A further refinement, represented by the ЉUnifiedЉ Solo vectors, incorporates Cas9, guide RNA, and repair template into a single vector, thus enabling the creation of vector libraries for pooled screens.To facilitate the design of such libraries, we have identified guide sequences for each of these species with updated guide selection algorithms.IMPORTANCE CRISPR-mediated genome engineering technologies have revolutionized genetic studies in a wide range of organisms.Here we describe new vectors and guide sequences for CRISPR mutagenesis in the important human fungal pathogens C. albicans and C. glabrata, as well as in the related yeasts S. cerevisiae and N. castellii.The design of these vectors enables efficient serial mutagenesis in each of these species by leaving few, if any, exogenous sequences in the genome.In addition, we describe strategies for the creation of unmarked deletions in each of these species and vector designs that permit the creation of vector libraries for pooled screens.These tools and strategies promise to advance genetic engineering of these medically and industrially important species.
Biosensors for termite control

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Termites are major urban pests in Pakistan and cause damage to wooden structures and buildings. Termite management has two parts: prevention and control. The most difficult part of termite control is termite detection as most of them are subterranean in Pakistan and have tunneling habit.Throughout the world, chemical termiticides are going to be replaced by baits, microwave and sensor technology. Termite species are distinct biologically and have specific foraging behaviors. Termite Detection Radar, Moisture meter and Remote Thermal Sensor with Laser are available throughout the world. These can detect termites underground and use fewer chemicals than traditional methods. For wooden buildings, a termite sensor and an intrusion detection system for detecting termites are designed. A pair of electrodes is disposed inside the container. A pair of terminals is connected to these electrodes, these extend outside the container. Termites are detected by a change of conductivity between the electrodes, when termites are detected a warning device generates a warning signal. In Pakistan, there is dire need to develop such biosensoring devices locally, then apply control methods that would save money and protect the environment.
Occurrence Download

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A dataset containing 1078 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query: { "DatasetKey" : [ "is Fishes of the Congo River 2010 Expedition" ] } The dataset includes 1078 records from 1 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0005361-150615163101818/datasets/export for details. Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
The Electroencephalogram in Status Epilepticus

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Status epilepticus (SE) occurs when a continuous epileptic seizure lasts for more than 30 min, or intermittent epileptic seizures recur without intervening recovery to baseline neurologic function (1). For practical clinical purposes, 10 min of continuous seizure activity is often used as a criterion for diagnosis of SE (2). While most cases of convulsive SE are easy to diagnose by clinical criteria alone, the electroencephalogram (EEG) is an essential tool for the diagnosis and classification of nonconvulsive SE (NCSE). EEG is also valuable in classifying SE and in monitoring the response to therapy. The clinical manifestations and treatment of SE are discussed thoroughly in other chapters; this chapter will focus on the electrographic patterns of SE and the utility of EEG for diagnosis, classification, and management of SE.
Pain assessment and management in acute care

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This new chapter highlights the importance of recognizing, assessing, and managing patients in pain safely in the acute care setting, and particularly when they are acutely ill. It explains pain theories, the importance of assessment and management of pain and explores the use of pharmacological, non-pharmacological and invasive analgesic techniques during acute care: which include the use of patient controlled analgesia (PCA); and regional analgesia including spinals, epidurals and continuous perineural blockade (CPNB). The use of intravenous lidocaine and plasters are also discussed.
Kontribusi Daya Ledak Otot Lengan dan Koordinasi Mata-Tangan terhadap Ketepatan Smash Atlet Bulutangkis Junior PB. Wahyudan Kabupaten Solok Selatan

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This study aims to determine the contribution of arm muscle explosiveness and hand eye coordination to the Accuracy of Smash Junior Badminton Athletes PB. Wahyudan South Solok Regency which amounted to 16 people. The instruments in this study used the Overhead Medicine Ball Throw test, tennis ball throwing catch, and badminton smash accuracy. The results of the calculations obtained by the correlation index with the results of X1 data on Y amounted to = 0.670 with the calculation of rcount = 0.670> rtable = 0.425 thus the results obtained were significant which had a contribution of 45%. For X2 on Y of 0.600, the calculation of rcount = 0.600> 0.425 thus the results obtained are significant with a contribution of 36%. While the results of the calculation of X1 and X2 on Y rcount of 0.741> rtable 0.425. So the contribution of arm muscle explosiveness and hand eye coordination to the accuracy of smash of Badminton Athletes PB Wahyudan South Solok Regency is 57%, thus the results obtained are significant. Keywords: Arm Muscle Explosiveness, Hand Eye Coordination, Smash Accuracy
Betti number signatures of homogeneous Poisson point processes

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The Betti numbers are fundamental topological quantities that describe the k-dimensional connectivity of an object: β0 is the number of connected components and βk effectively counts the number of k-dimensional holes. Although they are appealing natural descriptors of shape, the higher-order Betti numbers are more difficult to compute than other measures and so have not previously been studied per se in the context of stochastic geometry or statistical physics. As a mathematically tractable model, we consider the expected Betti numbers per unit volume of Poisson-centered spheres with radius α. We present results from simulations and derive analytic expressions for the low intensity, small radius limits of Betti numbers in one, two, and three dimensions. The algorithms and analysis depend on alpha shapes, a construction from computational geometry that deserves to be more widely known in the physics community.
A Novel Double-Side Silicon-Embedded Transformer for 10-MHz, 1-kV-Isolation, Compact Power Transfer Applications

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this brief, a novel double-side silicon-embedded transformer (DSSET) is proposed and demonstrated for lowfrequency high-isolation compact power transfer applications. The two spiral coils of the DSSET are embedded inside the substrate from the two sides to achieve a large coil thickness and a whole-area utilization for each coil. The isolation is achieved by the two insulating layers at the coil-substrate interfaces. The 2-mm2 DSSET fabricated achieved a best reported coil inductance to resistance ratio of 0.36 μH/Ω, and can work at a low frequency of 10 MHz with a reasonable efficiency of 70% and a useful isolation capability of 1050 V. Such a low operating frequency is essential to reduce the switching and rectifying losses of the system.
Effects of Pancreas Transplantation on Metabolic and Hormonal Profiles in IDDM Patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The diurnal patterns of relevant metabolites and hormones in five pancreas-kidney-transplanted patients (aged 36 ± 2 yr, mean ± SD) with insulindependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) were compared with those in five kidney-transplanted nondiabetic patients (aged 28 ± 2 yr). The groups were matched for body mass and current dose and type of immunosuppressive treatment. The serum creatinine levels did not differ between the two study groups, but the serum urea level in the nondiabetic patients was slightly but significantly higher than in the diabetic patients. In the pancreas-kidney-transplanted group the investigation was performed 8–47 mo posttransplantation; in the kidney-transplanted nondiabetic patients, 12–18 mo posttransplantation. The mean 24-h levels and rhythms of blood glucose, free fatty acid, 3-hydroxybutyrate, and alanine did not differ between the groups. The mean 24-h levels of blood lactate and glycerol were moderately but significantly higher in the pancreas-kidneytransplanted diabetic patients. At fasting, the level of serum immunoreactive insulin was more than twice as high in the pancreas-kidney-transplanted patients, whereas the plasma C-peptide levels did not differ significantly between the two groups. The mealinduced increases in serum insulin as well as in the plasma C-peptide levels were more marked in the pancreas-kidney-transplanted patients. The findings suggest that the hyperinsulinemia in these patients was due to both the systemic delivery of insulin and an increase in insulin resistance, the latter being particularly apparent in the postprandial phase. In the pancreas-kidney-transplanted patients, elevated plasma glucagon levels were also observed, whereas the mean 24-h level and number of peaks of growth hormone did not differ significantly between the two study groups.
Stump's Aquinas

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Journal Article Stump's Aquinas Get access Aquinas. By Eleonore Stump. (London: Routledge, 2003. Pp. xx + 611. Price £65.00.) Anthony Kenny Anthony Kenny St John's College, Oxford Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Philosophical Quarterly, Volume 54, Issue 216, July 2004, Pages 457–462, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0031-8094.2004.00367.x Published: 25 June 2004
Review on UWB Bandpass Filters

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Rapid development of a number of wireless communication systems imposed an urgent requirement for a technology which contains multi-wireless communication standard. Since the ultra-wideband (UWB) technologies are of advantage in broad bandwidth and high-speed transmission, much attention has been paid to exploiting the UWB bandpass filters. In this chapter, the development process of the UWB bandpass filters and the regulation of the UWB bandpass filter are initially introduced. Subsequently, the application scenarios of UWB filters in UWB communication systems and unique merits of UWB filters were explored. In addition, the primary performance specifications of the UWB filters, including insertion loss, return loss, the level of out-of-band attenuation, and roll-off rate, are also presented. After a brief discussion of microwave network theory, several methods for implementing UWB filters are summarized. Furthermore, the design of the UWB filter with notch band is presented in Section 5. The last section, the Conclusion section, is given at the end of this chapter.
Effect of changing morphology of BiFeO3 from nanoparticles to nanosheets on electrochemical properties

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Bismuth Ferrite nanoparticles and rectangular nanosheets are successfully synthesized at pH=2 and pH=8 respectively by sol-gel method using citric acid as a chelating agent. The Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) images shows the formation of nanoparticles of average size 106 nm at pH =2 and rectangular nanosheets of average thickness 25 nm at pH=8. The stoichiometric content of both samples has been realized using the energy dispersive X-ray technique. The Nyquist plot describes the effect of grain morphology on electrical conduction. Non-debye type relaxation behavior appears in both the samples. Nanosheets show high dielectric constant and small dielectric loss than nanoparticles. Appearance of dielectric loss relaxation peak in both the samples confirms charge carrier hopping i.e. Fe3+↔Fe2+. Loss peak shifts towards the higher frequency region in case of nanosheets than nanoparticles and that reveals the small relaxation time of nanosheets. The frequency-dependent AC conductivity analysis shows larger conductivity in nanosheets than nanoparticles due to possible faster ions jumping motion in nanosheets.
Is Butyrylcholinesterase of the Rat CNS a Membrane‐Bound Enzyme?

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract: The study of Arrhenius plots for acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) activity from the rat brain and spinal cord revealed that in contrast to AChE, which exhibited biphasic Arrhenius plots with a distinct break (transition temperature) at about 16–18°C, BuChE showed no evidence of discontinuity and a higher activation energy in the physiological range of temperature. The results indicate lack of lipid‐protein interaction in the case of BuChE of the CNS tissue. It is inferred that BuChE, in contrast to AChE, is not bound in any significant way to cellular membranes of the CNS tissue.
Gait Based Recognition

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Gait recognition deals with recognizing an individual uniquely based on the ways/he walks. Recently a lot of attention in computer vision has been devoted towards gait recognition because it has important applications in surveillance and biometric authentication. This thesis discusses different methods to solve the problem of gait recognition using joint angles, model and parameter estimation, shape and optical flow and methods that use entire images to do gait based recognition i.e. based on global features. We provide basis for the development of an optimal gait recognition system and finally we evaluate some challenges that still need to be solved and conclude with some thoughts about future directions for human gait recognition.