jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
β‐adrenergic activation of Cl secretion and K secretion in guinea pig distal colon acts through distinct signaling pathways

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Cl and K secretion measured as short‐circuit current (Isc) in isolated mucosa from guinea pig distal colon were stimulated by epinephrine (epi). Cl secretory Isc was transient lasting ~5min, while the negative Isc consistent with K secretion persisted indefinitely. 2'5′‐dideoxyadenosine (ddAdo; inhibits adenylyl cyclase, AC) reduced Cl sec whereas rolipram (inhibits phosphodiesterase) caused an increase; neither altered K sec. Peptide‐YY (PYY; acts via receptor inhibiting AC) reduced Cl sec without altering K sec. Pertussis toxin (inhibits G‐protein‐αi) eliminated PYY inhibition. cAMP levels in colonic mucosa increased at 30s after epi followed by a decrease at 10min, but not to control levels. Forskolin [0.1μM] (stimulates AC and K sec) increased cAMP comparable to epi 10min. PYY inhibited the rise in cAMP at 30s epi; ddAdo blunted the rise in cAMP. 8Br‐cAMP [100μM] stimulated K sec, and at 1mM increased Cl sec. Signaling could act via the cAMP‐dependent effectors protein kinase A (PKA) or Epac. H‐89 (inhibits PKA) reduced Cl sec, but not K sec. 8CPT‐2Me‐cAMP (Epac selective analog) partially stimulated K sec at 100μM. Epi did not activate Rap‐1 (Epac sensitive G‐protein). Thus, β‐adrenergic stimulation activated Cl secretion via a cAMP dependent pathway involving PKA, and activated K secretion via a pathway independent of PKA and Rap1 but possibly involving cAMP‐dependent exchange factor Epac. [NIH DK65845]
Convergence in multiscale financial models with non-Gaussian stochastic volatility

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We consider stochastic control systems affected by a fast mean reverting volatility Y(t) driven by a pure jump Lévy process. Motivated by a large literature on financial models, we assume that Y(t) evolves at a faster time scale t/∈ than the assets, and we study the asymptotics as ∈ → 0. This is a singular perturbation problem that we study mostly by PDE methods within the theory of viscosity solutions.
A Modified Frobenius Equation for Characters and Branching Laws of the Permutation Groups.

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Summary. -- Frobenius derived an equation which is sufficient to determine all simple characters and character reeursion relations for the permutation groups. A simple procedure for obtaining these results involves comparing monomials on both sides of Frobenius' equation. To make such comparisons one needs to individually consider each permutation of each pertinent monomial. A modified form of Frobenius' equation is derived. This form makes it possible to compare monomials without considering individual permutations. This considerably reduces the number of explicit comparisons needed to determine characters and character recursion relations.
Quasi-Parallel Voltage Regulator Topology for Powering Laptop Processors

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents a quasi-parallel voltage regulator topology that is suitable as a laptop processor power supply where the input voltage varies over a wide range. It consists of a phase shift full bridge converter and a buck converter, whose inputs are connected in series to divide the total input voltage and the outputs are connected in parallel to share the load current. The output voltage is regulated with fast dynamics against load change and input voltage variation while the input voltage to the buck converter is also regulated at a relatively low value to improve the overall system efficiency. Different methods to improve the converter efficiency further at both light and high loads are also proposed. The efficiency of the converter at different load currents and input voltages are obtained from a laboratory prototype demonstrating a maximum efficiency of 90.8% at an output voltage of 1.2 V. A small signal model of the converter is then presented and a design methodology for a decoupled controller is discussed. Transient performance of the converter using this controller against 50 A load current change is found to comply with the specifications for a laptop processor power supply.
How and when to use CSF to investigate neonates and children with possible central nervous system infection

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A child presented to the emergency department with fever, reduced consciousness, irritability and reduced oral intake. Infective meningitis and encephalitis were within the differential diagnoses. Is a lumbar puncture (LP) indicated and, if so, what is the optimal timing of LP? Will antimicrobial pretreatment affect the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) results? How can clinicians optimise diagnostic stewardship to benefit individual patients and society at large? Interpretation of rapidly available CSF biochemical tests (protein, glucose and lactate levels) and microscopy can provide a prompt insight into the infective aetiology and inform treatment and further diagnostic testing strategies. Diagnosis of an aetiological pathogen in a patient presenting with central nervous system (CNS) infection has clinical, infection control and public health implications. A plethora of tests are available to enable CSF analysis in patients with possible CNS infection. We aimed to summarise current evidence and guidance to ensure the best possible use of the diagnostics available.
A Double Allylation Strategy for Gram‐Scale Guaianolide Production: Total Synthesis of (+)‐Mikanokryptin

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract With over 5000 members isolated to date, sesquiterpene lactones represent a prolific source of medicinal agents with several derivatives in human clinical trials. The guaianolides, a major subset of this group, have been intensely investigated from both medicinal and chemical‐synthesis perspectives for decades. To date, the myriad stereochemical permutations presented by this enormous family have precluded the synthesis of many unique members. Herein we report the total synthesis of the trans ‐fused 8,12‐guaianolide (+)‐mikanokryptin in 10 steps from (+)‐carvone. Notably, this synthesis is the first gram‐scale total synthesis of a guaianolide natural product.
P91 Dual mechanism of NK cell inhibition by the HCV core 35–44 peptide

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Introduction Disease association studies have shown that the inhibitory killer cell immunoglobulin receptor KIR2DL3 and its HLA-C1 allotype ligands are protective against chronic HCV infection. A number of studies have shown increased expression of another inhibitory natural killer (NK) cell receptor, CD94:NKG2A, in chronic HCV infection. The ligand for this receptor, HLA-E, usually binds to leader peptides derived from other HLA class I molecules. Up-regulation of HLA-E with concomitant inhibition of NK cells has been thought to be induced by peptides derived from several viruses including one derived from HCV (HCV core 35–44 ) which thus represents a mechanism of immune escape. Method To determine the effects of viral peptides on NK cell inhibition, we pulsed the TAP-deficient 721.174 cell line with host and virus derived peptides and used these as target cells in flow cytometry assays of NK cell degranulation (measured by CD107a expression). Results In functional experiments HCV core 35–44 inhibited degranulation of the total NK cell population. Unexpectedly, this was due to inhibition of KIR2DL2/3-positive NK cells (one way ANOVA p<0.0001), but not NKG2A-positive NK cells (p=0.94). However, HCV core 35–44 peptide increased cell surface expression of both HLA-C and HLA-E. To rationalise this with the previous findings we performed peptide mix experiments using the natural peptide ligands for HLA-E. Such peptides, derived from the leader sequence of host HLA class I molecules, efficiently inhibited NKG2A-positive NK cells. In the presence of a low concentration of a host HLA class I leader sequence peptide, HCV core 35–44 had a synergistic effect in suppressing NK cell activity (p<0.0001). A synergistic effect at CD94:NKG2A was also demonstrable for peptides derived from EBV and HIV viruses, which in isolation did not inhibit NK cells, implying that this is a general mechanism for NK cell inhibition. Conclusion HCV core 35–44 inhibits NK cell activity via two distinct mechanisms, directly via KIR2DL2/3, and synergistically via the CD94:NKG2A receptor. This synergistic interaction at CD94:NKG2A represents a novel mechanism for inhibiting NK cells. It demonstrates the sensitivity of NK cells to small changes in the peptide content of HLA class I, and is thus potentially a sensitive mechanism for viral escape from the host innate immune response. Abstract P91 Figure 1 HCVcore 35–44 induced inhibition of KIR2DL2/3 (CD158b) + NK cells. Abstract P91 Figure 2 HCV core 35–44 alone does not inhibit via CD94:NKG2A. Abstract P91 Figure 3 However, in the presence of a host HLA (HLA-A2) derived leader peptide, HCV 35–44 induces synergistic inhibition at CD94:NKG2A.
The Miracle Braves, 1914-1916

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The story of the 1914 Miracle Boston Braves is one of the most memorable in baseball history, but less well known is what the club did after that spectacular season. They didn't flash and disappear, as sports writer John Kieran put it. In 1915, they were strong contenders for the National League pennant, and almost won it again in 1916. This book is the first to look at the Miracle Braves in a larger context. Under the innovative manager George Stallings, the Braves won Boston's first National League pennant in 17 years. Their startling sweep of the mighty Philadelphia Athletics was their league's only World Series victory from 1909 to 1919. The Braves of those years - like the hot-tempered Georgian who managed them - were a roistering, pugnacious crew that battled the opposition, the umpires and sometimes each other.
Pathology of Tuberculosis in the Human Lung

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Early clinical symptoms of tuberculosis include chronic cough, fever, anorexia, weight loss, and hemoptysis. Clinical examination of the chest may reveal no abnormality or may disclose signs of tachypnea, wheeze, decreased breath sounds, or bronchial breath sounds (depending on the nature of the underlying complication). TB has a range of histological appearances, and these appearances are part of a dynamic process.
A Simple and Safe Protocol for Preparing Brucella Samples for Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization–Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry Analysis

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT We describe a simple protocol to inactivate the biosafety level 3 (BSL3) pathogens Brucella prior to their analysis by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight mass spectrometry. This method is also effective for several other bacterial pathogens and allows storage, and eventually shipping, of inactivated samples; therefore, it might be routinely applied to unidentified bacteria, for the safety of laboratory workers.
Genetic diversity and sex identification in Genipa americana L

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Ten genotypes of Genipa americana L. located in Arauá (Sergipe, Brazil) were analyzed using RAPD markers. The genotypes were selected according to sex-five females and five males-in an attempt to find a molecular marker associated with the sex prediction. 74 DNA fragments were generated by 20 primers, 85% of which were polymorphic. Results show a quantitative genetic diversity value of 0.28 and a Shannon index of 0.42 in the population. The similarity among the specimens according to Jaccard's coefficient ranged from 0.22 to 0.75. The genetic diversity was relatively large among these individuals.
Bridging Vaccine-Induced HIV-1 Neutralizing and Effector Antibody Responses in Rabbit and Rhesus Macaque Animal Models

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Nonneutralizing antibody functions have been associated with reduced infection risk, or control of virus replication, for HIV-1 and related viruses. It is therefore critical to evaluate development of these responses throughout all stages of preclinical testing. Rabbits are conventionally used to evaluate the ability of vaccine candidates to safely elicit antibodies that bind and neutralize HIV-1. However, it remained unexplored how effectively rabbits model the development of nonneutralizing antibody responses in primates. We administered identical HIV-1 vaccine regimens to rabbits and rhesus macaques and performed detailed comparisons of vaccine-induced antibody responses. We demonstrated that nonneutralizing HIV-specific antibody responses can be studied in the rabbit model and have identified aspects of these responses that are common, and those that are unique, to rabbits and rhesus macaques. Our findings will help determine how to best utilize preclinical rabbit and rhesus macaque models to accelerate HIV vaccine candidate testing in human trials.
Patent enforcement across 51 countries – Patent enforcement index 1998–2017

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Indices are central for comparing the strength of patent systems across countries in international business research, intellectual property management and policymaking. However, existing approaches rely on book laws while most variance across countries emerges from enforcement. We address this weakness and present the Patent Enforcement Index which tracks differences in patent enforcement for 51 countries between 1998 and 2017. We utilize novel firm-level enforcement data and extend the conceptual framework of the patent systems strength index provided by Papageorgiadis et al. (2014). The new index reveals previously uncaptured volatility in patent enforcement and can be decomposed into three topical sub-indices.
THE AMERICAN PLATINUM WORKS

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTHE AMERICAN PLATINUM WORKSCite this: Anal. Chem. 1953, 25, 7, 38APublication Date (Print):July 15, 1953Publication History Published online3 May 2012Published inissue 15 July 1953https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60079a743RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views10Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (193 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Two visits to a restaurant : James Joyce and Daniil Kharms about hunger

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The analysis juxtaposes two literary visits in a restaurant, one in Ulysses by James Joyce, the other one in an untitled short prose by the Russian avant-garde poet and performer Daniil Kharms. The comparison aims at highlighting the different aspects of the politics of hunger and the experience of hunger as depicted by two authors. The paper explores the implications of the hunger experience for the conceptualization of the relation between words and food.
The Development of Tutorial Video of Piring Dance West Sumatera on Grade XI Students

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The success of human resource improvement through education is supported by such an excellent learning process that the students achieve the skill and the score which fulfills the national standard. Learning is a consious effort of a teacher to make the students learn by directing the students with a good interaction and supported by learning sources which are professionally and effectively transfered by the teachers to reach the expected learning goal. The using of learning media in dancing art is very important because by using learning media; tutorial video, the learning goal is easier to achieve. The objectives of this study are: 1) to produce tutorial video of Seni Budaya Subject which focuses on Piring Dance West Sumatera that is proper to use in the learning process, 2) to know the effective learning achievement toward tutorial video of Piring Dance West Sumatera on Grade XI students of SMAN 15 Medan. The significances of this study are 1) the tutorial video of Seni Budaya Subject, which focuses on the traditional dance especially Piring Dance West Sumatera, is recommended to be the learning media and the alternative way to transfer the learning material, especially dancing art. 2) as the learning sources for the students in learning Seni Budaya Subject especially traditional dancing art, so that they can easily understand the content of the subject and apply it in the practice of Piring Dance art West Sumatera. Keywords : development, media, tutorial video, learning, art
Understanding the (Im)mobilities of Engaging At-Risk Youth Through Art and Mobile Media

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Teens in high school who have or are at-risk of dropping out of school confront a number of educational challenges. One of these challenges is the restricted mobility students face in school. Mobile media offers the potential to engage with art curricula inside or outside of the classroom. It also offers new ways of thinking about the role of mobility in learning and improving students' sense of agency. In this study, we present our research with at-risk youth, who typically associated traditional schooling with a low sense of personal agency and spatial constraints. To judge by their responses (visual and verbal) to our mobile media visual art curriculum, the physical mobility afforded by mobile technology heightened their sense of agency and opened them to the possibility that learning might be a positive experience, and that they might want to be at school.
Regulation of phosphatase and tensin homolog on chromosome 10 in response to hypoxia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Phosphatase and tensin homolog on chromosome 10 (PTEN) is downregulated during hypertrophic and cancerous cell growth, leading to activation of the prosurvival Akt pathway. However, PTEN regulation in cardiac myocytes upon exposure to hypoxia remains unclear. We explored the role of PTEN in response to hypoxia/ischemia in the myocardium. We validated that PTEN is a transcriptional target of activating transcription factor 2 (ATF-2) and is positively regulated via a p38/ATF-2 signaling pathway. Accordingly, hypoxia-induced upregulation of phosphorylation of ATF-2 and PTEN were reversed by a dominant negative mutant p38. Inhibition of PTEN in cardiomyocytes attenuated hypoxia-induced cell death and apoptosis. Cardiac-specific knockout of PTEN resulted in increased phosphorylation of Akt and forkhead box O 1 (forkhead transcription factors), limited infarct size in animals exposed to ischemia-reperfusion injury, and ameliorated deterioration of left ventricular function and remodeling following permanent coronary artery occlusion. In addition, the activation of Bim, FASL, and caspase was coupled with PTEN activation, all of which were attenuated by PTEN inhibition. In conclusion, cardiomyocyte-specific conditional PTEN deletion limited myocardial infarct size in an in vivo model of ischemia-reperfusion injury and attenuated adverse remodeling in a model of chronic permanent coronary artery ligation.
Effects of Climate Change and Phenological Monitoring of the Indigenous Godello Variety in a Territory of Heroic Viticulture and Biosphere Reserve

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In the year 2023, the phenological behaviour of the indigenous Godello variety of vineyard was evaluated at Souto Chao, located in the north-west of the Iberian Peninsula, which is a wine-growing region and considered as the place of Designation of Origin (Ribeira Sacra DO). In 2017 and 2018, a similar study was carried out on the same plants of Godello variety, but this latest study aimed to ascertain the nature and extent of changes in the crop’s phenology within the timeframe between the initial two years analysed (2017 and 2018) and the present year, 2023. The scale used for study was the one proposed by the BBCH of Lorenz. The average length of the vegetative cycle in the initial two years was 167 days (161 and 174 days in 2017 and 2018, respectively), while in 2023 it was 164 days. The results obtained show a longer vegetative cycle in 2018, with significant differences between the beginning and end of the different phenological phases. Of the three years analysed, 2018 stands out showing a significant deviation from the average. Moreover, there is a close relationship between the phenological behaviour of the Godello variety and certain climatic parameters. Temperature is the most decisive factor, specifically the average annual minimum temperature, which was lower in 2018. In addition, the highest thermal requirements were observed in that same year, with figures slightly above 5200 GDD. As for the historical harvest dates, there are only two recorded years in which the grape harvest took place in August, namely in 2017 and 2023. In this geographical region, the grape harvest, with the exception of the two years mentioned above, usually takes place in September, as was the case in 2018. The vulnerability of viticulture to climate change depends on the magnitude of the impacts. Global warming is the great challenge for the wine business and will force changes in vineyard management to curb its most damaging effects. Its most obvious effects, such as the rise in average global temperature or the decrease and redistribution of rainfall, increasingly in the form of occasional and intense storms, have gone from perception to certainty.
Fitting Bivariate Intensity Functions, with An Application to Modelling Delays in Reporting Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

When estimating the incidence of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), reporting delays can result in serious underestimation of recent diagnoses. Various bivariate intensity functions for non-homogeneous Poisson processes in the plane can be fitted as log-linear models. This is illustrated by application to such reporting delay data. It is shown that (quasi-)stationary models seriously overestimate recent AIDS diagnoses for England and Wales, and that a non-stationary model is more appropriate.