jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Double-Edged Lipid Nanoparticles Combining Liposome-Bound TRAIL and Encapsulated Doxorubicin Showing an Extraordinary Synergistic Pro-Apoptotic Potential

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Although TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand, also known as Apo2L) was described as capable of inducing apoptosis in transformed cells while sparing normal cells, limited results obtained in clinical trials has limited its use as an anti-tumor agent. Consequently, novel TRAIL formulations with enhanced bioactivity are necessary for overcoming resistance to conventional soluble TRAIL (sTRAIL) exhibited by many primary tumors. Our group has generated artificial liposomes with sTRAIL anchored on their surface (large unilamellar vesicle (LUV)-TRAIL), which have shown a greater cytotoxic activity both in vitro and in vivo when compared to sTRAIL against distinct hematologic and epithelial carcinoma cells. In this study, we have improved LUV-TRAIL by loading doxorubicin (DOX) in its liposomal lumen (LUVDOX-TRAIL) in order to improve their cytotoxic potential. LUVDOX-TRAIL killed not only to a higher extent, but also with a much faster kinetic than LUV-TRAIL. In addition, the concerted action of the liposomal DOX and TRAIL was specific of the liposomal DOX and was not observed when with soluble DOX. The cytotoxicity induced by LUVDOX-TRAIL was proven to rely on two processes due to different molecular mechanisms: a dynamin-mediated internalization of the doxorubicin-loaded particle, and the strong activation of caspase-8 exerted by the liposomal TRAIL. Finally, greater cytotoxic activity of LUVDOX-TRAIL was also observed in vivo in a tumor xenograft model. Therefore, we developed a novel double-edged nanoparticle combining the cytotoxic potential of DOX and TRAIL, showing an exceptional and remarkable synergistic effect between both agents.
Use of interactive instructional tools in virtual 3D planning

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Objectives The aim of this study is to analyze the effectiveness of screencast training videos for users from different professional backgrounds on the basis of the quality and quantity of virtual 3D implant planning as evaluated using assessment software. Methods Participants in the study were dental students (n = 21), dental technicians (n = 16), or practicing dentists (n = 16) with no knowledge of the implant planning software CoDiagnostiX or any experience in virtual implant planning. They were randomly divided into 2 groups: The participants of the control group were presented training videos on CBCT (cone beam computed tomography) and implant planning, additional to the traditional software manual. The participants of the experimental group received, additionally, a training video on the planning software, produced in the form of a screencast. Then 3 implant planning procedures were performed by all participants. The quality of implant planning was assessed using the Treatment Evaluation Tool software, and time for planning was measured. Results Paired sample tests showed significantly shorter planning times for the experimental groups consisting of dentists and students ( P < 0.001). A comparison of the results of the individual groups reveals that students and dental technicians who had not received prior screencast training were significantly less precise in their planning ( P < 0.001). Conclusion This study suggests a promising outcome for the future use of screencasts in the acquisition of software skills for dental software. There is a need for tools for objective self‐assessment of effectiveness in software training.
Long-Term Clinical and Hemodynamic Outcomes after Heart Transplantation in Patients Pre-Treated with Sildenafil

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Elevated pulmonary vascular resistance remains a major problem for heart transplant (HT) candidate selection. Objective This study sought at assess the effect of pre-HT sildenafil administration in patients with fixed pulmonary hypertension. Methods This retrospective, single-center study included 300 consecutive, HT candidates treated between 2003 and 2013, in which 95 patients had fixed PH, and of these, 30 patients were treated with sildenafil and eventually received a transplant, forming Group A. Group B included 205 patients without PH who underwent HT. Pulmonary hemodynamics were evaluated before HT, as well as 1 week after and 1 year after HT. Survival was compared between the groups. In this study, a p value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results After treatment with sildenafil but before HT, PVR (-39%) and sPAP (-10%) decreased significantly. sPAP decreased after HT in both groups, but it remained significantly higher in group A vs. group B (40.3 ± 8.0 mmHg vs 36.5 ± 11.5 mmHg, p=0.022). One year after HT, sPAP was 32.4 ± 6.3 mmHg in group A vs 30.5 ± 8.2 mmHg in group B (p=0.274). The survival rate after HT at 30 days (97% in group A versus 96% in group B), at 6 months (87% versus 93%) and at one year (80% vs 91%) were not statistically significant (Log-rank p=0.063). After this first year, the attrition rate was similar among both groups (conditional survival after 1 year, Log-rank p=0.321). Conclusion In patients with severe PH pre-treated with sildenafil, early post-operative hemodynamics and prognosis are numerically worse than in patients without PH, but after 1 year, the medium to long-term mortality proved to be similar. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2021; 116(2):219-226)
The A.R.M. Decision

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Lipochitin oligosaccharides called Nod factors function as primary rhizobial signal molecules triggering legumes to develop new plant organs: root nodules that host the bacteria as nitrogen-fixing bacteroids. Here, we show that the Lotus japonicus Nod factor receptor 5 (NFR5) and Nod factor receptor 1 (NFR1) bind Nod factor directly at high-affinity binding sites. Both receptor proteins were posttranslationally processed when expressed as fusion proteins and extracted from purified membrane fractions of Nicotiana benthamiana or Arabidopsis thaliana. The N-terminal signal peptides were cleaved, and NFR1 protein retained its in vitro kinase activity. Processing of NFR5 protein was characterized by determining the N-glycosylation patterns of the ectodomain. Two different glycan structures with identical composition, Man3XylFucGlcNAc4, were identified by mass spectrometry and located at amino acid positions N68 and N198. Receptor–ligand interaction was measured by using ligands that were labeled or immobilized by application of chemoselective chemistry at the anomeric center. High-affinity ligand binding was demonstrated with both solid-phase and free solution techniques. The Kd values obtained for Nod factor binding were in the nanomolar range and comparable to the concentration range sufficient for biological activity. Structure-dependent ligand specificity was shown by using chitin oligosaccharides. Taken together, our results suggest that ligand recognition through direct ligand binding is a key step in the receptor-mediated activation mechanism leading to root nodule development in legumes.
Event-related modulation of alpha rhythm explains the auditory P300-evoked response in EEG

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Evoked responses and oscillations represent two major electrophysiological phenomena in the human brain yet the link between them remains rather obscure. Here we show how most frequently studied EEG signals: the P300-evoked response and alpha oscillations (8–12 Hz) can be linked with the baseline-shift mechanism. This mechanism states that oscillations generate evoked responses if oscillations have a non-zero mean and their amplitude is modulated by the stimulus. Therefore, the following predictions should hold: (1) the temporal evolution of P300 and alpha amplitude is similar, (2) spatial localisations of the P300 and alpha amplitude modulation overlap, (3) oscillations are non-zero mean, (4) P300 and alpha amplitude correlate with cognitive scores in a similar fashion. To validate these predictions, we analysed the data set of elderly participants (N=2230, 60–82 years old), using (a) resting-state EEG recordings to quantify the mean of oscillations, (b) the event-related data, to extract parameters of P300 and alpha rhythm amplitude envelope. We showed that P300 is indeed linked to alpha rhythm, according to all four predictions. Our results provide an unifying view on the interdependency of evoked responses and neuronal oscillations and suggest that P300, at least partly, is generated by the modulation of alpha oscillations.
A study on clinical profile and management of mastalgia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: The aim of the present study is to observe the clinical profile and management of mastalgia. The objectives of the present study were to assess the clinical profile of breast diseases causing mastalgia, to study the response of mastalgia to the following three drugs: Danazol, Bromocriptine, topical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (topical diclofenac gel).Methods: It was prospective type of study. Inclusion criteria: Patients of age group 15-50 years, all patients suspected or diagnosed for breast pathology with mastalgia. Exclusion criteria: immune-compromised patients, all patients undergoing surgical removal of breast lump, pregnant females. Evaluation of pain was done using visual analog scale, prior to giving the treatment and after giving the treatment each week for the first month and thereafter monthly for the next 6 months. Results: The clinical profile of mastalgia was as follows: fibroadenosis accounting for 37 (46.25%), followed by 10 (12.5%) cases of fibroadenoma, 08 (10%) cases of mastitis, 06 (7.5%) cases of breast abscess, 03 (3.75%) cases of duct ectasia, 02 (2.50%) cases of galactocoele, 02 (2.50%) cases of breast carcinoma and 12 (15%) cases of non-specific extra-mammary pathology. Patient’s response rate to different drugs included in the study was: 64.8% to danazol, 56.9% to bromocriptine and 76.01% to topical diclofenac gel.Conclusions: Cyclical mastalgia accounted for more proportion of patients than non-cyclical mastalgia. Common causes of mastalgia being fibroadenosis, followed by fibroadenoma, mastitis, breast abscess, duct ectasia, galactocoele, breast carcinoma and non-specific extra-mammary pathology. Danazol and bromocriptine are effective in treatment of mastalgia, though they show different side effect profiles and varying patient compliance.
Iridoids from Stachys byzantina K. Koch (Lamb's Ears) and Stachys germanica L. (Downy Woundwort)

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Iridoids are a class of secondary metabolites found in a wide variety of plants. Iridoids are typically found in plants as glycosides, most often found to glucose. The genus Stachys L. is one of the largest genera of the Lamiaceae family, containing iridoids. Aim The aim of this study was the isolation and identification of iridoids from the aerial parts of Stachys byzantina K. Koch and Stachys germanica L. Methods For the isolation and identification of the iridoids, different chromatographic methods (NP-TLC, CPC and RP-HPLC) were used. The structures were established by one- and two-dimensional NMR and mass spectrometry, also. Results Iridoids (aucubin, harpagide, ajugoside and harpagoside) were isolated and identified by combination of different chromatographic methods from S. byzantina and S. germanica . Conclusion Stachys species may also be used as a potential source of iridoids.
Translational research in testicular migration

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

One of the most important research studies of the Urogenital Research Unit is about Testicular Migration.In the interesting paper of Logsdon and Collegues of our research group (1) we can observe a review about the role of the abdominal wall in testicular migration process during the human fetal period.Testicular descent is a complex process of relevant importance for the comprehension of cryptorchidism.There are several anatomic and hormonal factors involved in the testicular migration process (2-4).In present paper (the cover of this edition of Int Braz J Urol) the authors concluded that the abdominal pressure wound is an auxiliary force in testicular migration.Patients with abdominal wall defects are associated with undescendend testis in more than 30% of the cases probably due to mechanical factors; the Prune Belly Syndrome has anatomical changes in the anterior abdominal wall that hinder the increase of intra--abdominal pressure which could be the cause of cryptorchidism in this syndrome.
Neuropeptides modulate human eosinophil chemotaxis.

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Abstract To investigate the role of neuropeptides in allergic inflammation, we examined the effect of peptides on eosinophil chemotaxis. Eosinophils were purified from the blood of allergic and normal subjects using a discontinuous Percoll density gradients. Chemotaxis was induced by platelet-activating factor (PAF) and leukotriene B4, and was assayed by a modified Boyden's chamber technique. Four neuropeptides were examined in this study: substance P (SP), neurokinin A, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), and cholecystokinin octapeptide. Peptides alone (10 nM to 10 microM) were not chemotactic for eosinophils. However, when eosinophils were pre-treated with peptides (100 nM) at 37 degrees C for 30 min, chemotactic response to PAF (10 nM) was significantly enhanced (p &lt; 0.01) in allergic subjects; % control by SP, neurokinin A, CGRP and cholecystokinin octapeptide was 269 +/- 42, 243 +/- 32, 227 +/- 21, and 251 +/- 42, respectively (n = 8). Similar results were obtained in leukotriene B4-induced eosinophil chemotaxis. In contrast, no enhancement was observed in normal subjects. Potentiating effect of SP and CGRP on PAF-induced eosinophil chemotaxis in allergic subjects was significantly attenuated by SP antagonist [D-Pro2,D-Trp7,9]-SP and human CGRP (8-37) receptor antagonist, respectively. Neutral endopeptidase inhibitors (phosphoramidon, leupeptin, and bestatin) failed to significantly augment the PAF-induced eosinophil chemotaxis when the cells were pretreated with various peptides and neutral endopeptidase inhibitors. The C-terminal fragment of SP (SP6-11) had an effect similar to that of the intact SP molecule, whereas no potentiating effect by the N-terminal of SP (SP1-9) was observed. These results suggest that neuropeptides may play a significant role in eosinophil infiltration by priming cells in allergic inflammation.
Magnetic field amplification and saturation in two-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic turbulence

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Two-dimensional (2-D) magnetohydrodynamic turbulence is investigated for weak initial magnetic fields using numerical simulation. It is found that the magnetic field is amplified owing to the formation of flux sheets with saturation due either to resistive diffusion (kinematic regime) or to nonlinear effects (dynamic regime). In the kinematic regime, which corresponds to the problem of passive scalar convection by 2-D Navier–Stokes turbulence, the saturation value of the magnetic energy is observed to scale as EMmax∝η−0.8 in approximate agreement with a simple theoretical estimate, EMmax/EM(0)≂Rm, where Rm is the magnetic Reynolds number. Because of the strongly disparate kinetic and magnetic energy spectra in the kinematic regime, roughly EVk∼k−3, EMk∼k, dynamic interaction on small scales already occurs at very small global energy ratios EM/EV, giving rise to strongly enhanced kinetic energy dissipation. In the fully dynamic regime (reached for EM/EV‖t=0&gt;R−1m) global magnetic and kinetic energies become tightly coupled, with EM/EV being approximately constant in time and the energy dissipation rates being independent of the collisional diffusion coefficients. Finally, the effect of the magnetic Prandtl number Pr=μ/η is discussed.
Screening of highly-effective Sinorhizobium meliloti strains for Medicago sativa cultivars and their field inoculation

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Nineteen strains were screened from the center of Agro-Microbial Resource and Application. Soil from Wuqiao county to screen highly-effective strains for Vector (a cultivar of Medicago sativa) in pot in greenhouse was used in this study. Strains of CCBAU30138, CCBAU96077 and CCBAUN210 were selected by this way. Experiments were conducted in field to test their inoculating responses. Compared with the uninoculated, the hay yield of M.sativa was increased (11.9%), (10.2%) and (13.73%) after inoculating with the strains of CCBAU30138, CCBAU96077 and CCBAUN210, respectively. And the yield of crude protein (CP) was increased (19.63%), (15.63%) and 13.59% accordingly. These results indicated that highly-effective Sinorhizobium meliloti screened from soil and M.sativa cultivar could be applied in M.sativa production.
SHORT TERM EFFECTS OF MANURE FERTILIZATION IN A HAZELNUT ORCHARD IN NORTHERN ITALY

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Minimizing the use of chemical fertilizers in fruit growing is a target not just for integrated fruit production, but also to maintain a safe environment. To evaluate the possibility of application of swine manure instead of mineral fertilizers in hazelnut orchards, a trial has been carried out and the preliminary results after two years of trial are presented. The trial has been conducted in a hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) orchard in Cuneo province, following a randomized block design with three replications of the following treatments: slurry, covered slurry (incorporated in the soil), solid fraction, and mineral fertilization. A not fertilized thesis has been added as test, in order to quantify the effect of the different fertilization treatments above the existing nutrient content of the field. The quantity of fertilizing material required was calculated in order to reach the same nutrient value for all the treatments (80 kg N/ha, 30 kg P2O5/ha, 80 kg K2O/ha). The productivity of each replication was evaluated using an adapted fixed area plot sampling method. Results from both productive and qualitative parameters were analysed by ANOVA. The two years’ trial did not influence significantly the productive and qualitative parameters. Further trials will allow to confirm or not these preliminary results.
Avifaunal diversity study of Banabitan, Bidhanagar, 2018

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The Avifaunal diversity study of Banabitan, Bidhanagar, 2018 is published by Nature Mates Nature Club. Banabitan is an urbanized park located in the centre of Salt Lake City, is the second largest park in Kolkata. It is maintained under the Urban Recreation Forestry Division, Directorate of Forest, Government of West Bengal. It covers an area of about 100 acres. Urban ecosystems depend on land usage and other multiple factors. With the increase in urbanization parks, gardens inside the city play a very important role in maintaing natural vegetation and sustainig its biodiversity. Large areas covered with trees are a good habitat for avian diversity. For this reason Banabitan (Central Park) which is surronded by large trees and diverse species of herbs and shrubs along with a water body situated at the centre of the park which is partially covered with Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes), acts as a home not only to many resident birds but also to many migratory birds. We are thankful to the forest department for giving us the opportunity to work at Banabitan since long. The respected CF, and DFO sirs of Urban Recreation Forestry Division are specially mentioned here for their unconditional support and guidance. The study was carried out for 12 months starting from January 2018 to December 2018. All the species are identified up to genus or species level. A total of 72 species of birds belonging to 34 families and 15 orders were recorded. This dataset also includes life stage, habitat, activity of birds along with its season when it is observed, which is divided as Summer(March-Jul), Monsoon(July-October), Winter(November-February). Most of the birds recorded were residential, few were winter migrant and only one summer migrant Plaintive Cuckoo, Cacomantis merulinus (Scopoli, 1786)
NUTRIBASE - Data base for Nutritional Evaluation and Dietetic Treatment in Populational Metabolic Diseases

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract: The nutritional evaluation and diet prescription are laborious and require much time. They need calculations of basic nutritional indices, to precisely diagnose and finally to indicate the proper nutritional recommendations based on demographic, anthropometric, biochemical data and medical history of the patient. Our purpose was to create a new strategic approach to increase the rapid elaboration of nutritional evaluation, calculation of carbohydrate controlled diets and a software implementation. We named the outcome application Nutribase. The application could be used in clinical settings and/or nutritional research environments for calculating the composition of diet in diabetes and other metabolic disturbances, for helping dieticians and nutrition professionals as well as an educational instrument for patients and students. Nutribase (an Access based software) collects data on nutritional and biological parameters related to dietary assessment and treatment of the subjects with metabolic diseases but not only, calculates the body mass index, ideal body weight and metabolic requirements of patients, provides ready-made diet models and recommendations according to the calculated metabolic requirements, diagnosis, provides tables of composition of foods (calories, carbohydrates, proteins, lipids), allows an assessment of diet composition per meal, provides a flexible educational instrument for creating or adjusting a diet according to the patients’ preferences, is very much time saving in clinical settings and it may be adapted for epidemiological nutritional studies.
Dose, Time and Volume Parameters in Irradiation Therapy of Kaposi's Sarcoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In a recent review on the treatment of Kaposi's sarcoma (Cohen, Palmer and Nickson, 1962), it appeared that there was relatively little information published on its radiosensitivity, and that reported methods of management varied widely and were often contradictory. It has, however, become possible, since the disease is of extraordinary frequency in Africa, to present the following analysis of a comparatively large irradiated series from which appropriate data can be extracted. The pathological and clinical features of this African series are described in detail by a number of investigators (U.I.C.C. Symposium on Kaposi's Sarcoma, 1962, in press); the present report deals with the radiosensitivity of the individual lesions and the tolerance limits of the associated normal tissues. Between 1949 and 1960, 58 cases of typical Kaposi's sarcoma were referred to the Radiation Therapy Department of the Johannesburg Hospital for therapy. Of these, 16 were lost to follow-up yielding no information on the length of remission, three cases received no more than minimal palliative treatment shortly before death from widespread cutaneous or visceral dissemination, and one patient was killed in a street accident after an initial remission, thus leaving 38 definitive cases available for analysis. All but three of these patients were males, the average age being 40 years (range five to 80).