jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Chip-Based Nanostructured Sensors Enable Accurate Identification and Classification of Circulating Tumor Cells in Prostate Cancer Patient Blood Samples

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The identification and analysis of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) is an important goal for the development of noninvasive cancer diagnosis. Here we describe a chip-based method using nanostructured microelectrodes and electrochemical readout that confirms the identity of isolated CTCs and successfully interrogates them for specific biomarkers. We successfully analyze and classify prostate tumor cells, first in cultured cells, and ultimately in a pilot study involving blood samples from 16 prostate cancer patients as well as additional healthy controls. In all cases, and for all biomarkers investigated, the novel chip-based assay produced results that agreed with polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The approach developed has a simple workflow and scalable multiplexing, which makes it ideal for further studies of CTC biomarkers.
Use of the Lagrange interpolation polynomial to estimate the bending strength value of plywood

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Abstract In order to determine the bending strength of wood or wood-based panels, an experimental method is typically used to test samples of different sizes that involves bending or compression. However, such tests are expensive and time-consuming, so mathematical models are often applied that allow predicting the bending strength based on a smaller number of obtained test results. One such model is the Lagrange interpolation polynomial. The study discusses Lagrange’s interpolation model. Using the results of tests done on plywood of various thicknesses, approximates the bending strength of plywood for values that could not be tested directly and provides an estimate of strength for particular values.
Evolutionary Divergence of Chloroplast and Cytosolic Glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate Dehydrogenases from Angiosperms

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Extracts from 13 different angiosperm species (spinach, mustard, pea, bean, tomato, cucumber, pumpkin, maize, sorghum, rye, wheat, oats, barley) were submitted to electrophoresis under nondenaturing conditions and stained for enzyme activities of cytosolic and chloroplast glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenases by a modified tetrazolium test of high sensitivity. Zymograms of the cytosolic enzyme revealed a single band of similar electrophoretic mobility for all but one species, the tomato, which displayed an ordered set of five different bands. In contrast, zymograms of the chloroplast dehydrogenase are highly different, containing between two and five distinct bands of variable electrophoretic mobilities according to the plant species examined. This variability of the native chloroplast enzyme is paralleled by a remarkable interspecific heterogeneity of the enzyme with respect to subunit size and number, as shown by dodecylsulfate electrophoresis of the purified chloroplast enzyme from 11 different angiosperm species. The present data suggest that cytosolic and chloroplast glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenases belong to two separate protein families of different evolutionary rate. While the cytosolic enzyme is probably an extremely conservative protein like the corresponding enzymes from animals, yeast and bacteria, the chloroplast enzyme seems to change rather rapidly during evolution.
Measuring clearance mechanics based on dynamic leg length

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The aim of this study was to quantify clearance mechanics during gait. Seventeen children diagnosed with hemiplegic cerebral palsy underwent a three-dimensional gait analysis evaluation. Dynamic leg lengths were measured from the hip joint center to the heel, to the ankle joint center and to the forefoot throughout the gait cycle. Significant asymmetry was observed during stance, initial and terminal swing phases, where the hemiplegic limb was found shorter by using a paired t-test at 51 sample points (p < .05). The hemiplegic side was restricted in achieving maximal length during terminal swing. The ratio between the maximal dynamic leg length during the stance phase to minimal dynamic leg length during the swing phase was found higher on the non-involved side and lower on the hemiplegic side (p < .05). Quantifying clearance mechanics based on dynamic leg length can provide an additional insight into the analysis of gait patterns and might assist in detecting time of abnormal kinematic deviations.
Serum overexpression of microRNA-454-3p in patients with colorectal cancer and determine its correlation with pathological characteristics

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This study aimed to evaluate serum overexpression of microRNA-454-3p in patients with colorectal cancer and determine its correlation with pathological characteristics. Exosomes isolated from the serum of 40 CRC patients and 30 healthy subjects by Exoquick kit solution, were characterized using SEM. The expression of miR-454-3p was assessed in both healthy and CRC patients using the RT-PCR method. Then, by ROC analysis, the capability of this microRNA as a biomarker was determined. P-value < 0.05 was determined as significant. The results of the study showed that the rate of microRNA-454-3pexpression in the samples of CRC patients was significantly higher than in the control population (p < 0.01). Also, the expression of microRNA-454-3pin stage III of the disease showed a significant increase, compared to stages I and II (p < 0.05).miR-942-5p expression in CRC patients with lymphatic metastasis was significantly higher than those with no metastasis to their lymph nodes (P-value < 0.05). Also, the sensitivity and specificity of miR-454-3p were found to be 79 and 99%, respectively (with an area under the ROC curve [AUC] of 0.89). It seems that the increased expression of the microRNA-454-3p gene has a role in the pathogenesis of CRC and also the expression of this gene is associated with the stage of cancer.
Luta pela vida– The struggle for life

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This paper is an introduction to the psychological perspective of the Indigenous people of Brazil, the violations of their human rights and what they perceive as ‘genocide’. From a world perspective the murdering of the best curators of the Amazon forest is perversely adding to the environmental crisis and climate change. Some prefer gold, and beef to the natural wonder of the Amazons. Pursuing monetary gains not only devalues but destroys both forest and humans, causing it to produce CO 2 instead of absorbing it, and a threat to the globe rather than mitigating disaster. The article touches on what psychology can offer to and learn from the Indigenous people and the need for more research.
Likelihood ratio, skull roentgenograms, and clinical decision-making.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

To the Editor.— In the February 1982 issue of Pediatrics, Leonidas et al1 examined the relationship between clinical findings and skull fractures in children evaluated with skull roentgenograms to develop reliable criteria for the ordering of roentgenograms in patients with head trauma. In their analysis, the authors used the liklihood ratio (LR) to characterize quantitatively the relationship between a clinical finding and the presence of a skull fracture. As defined by the authors, the LR is that ratio between the probability of a certain clinical finding occurring in the presence of a fracture and the probability of the same clinical finding occurring in the absence of a fracture.
A working model for mental health program evaluation.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This paper describes a conceptual model of human service program evaluation, and integrates three key components of the evaluation process: a) Levels of Evaluative Activity, b) Functional Roles of the Evaluator, and c) Program Information Capability. This model has been useful in assessing evaluation capability of mental health programs, and in suggesting itineraries for enhancing evaluation capacity.
Vocalization Rate and Consonant Production in Toddlers at High and Low Risk for Autism

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Background Previous work has documented lower vocalization rate and consonant acquisition delays in toddlers with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We investigated differences in these variables at 12, 18, and 24 months in toddlers at high and low risk for ASD. Method Vocalization rate and number of different consonants were obtained from speech samples from a prospective study of infant siblings of children with ASD. Three groups were compared: 18 toddlers at low risk for ASD (low-risk control), 18 high-risk siblings without ASD (HRA−), and 10 high-risk siblings with ASD (HRA+). Results All groups' mean language scores were within the normal range. HRA+ toddlers showed consistently lower vocalization rate; vocalization rate did not predict number of different consonants at 12 months for HRA+. HRA−, not HRA+, toddlers had the smallest number of different consonants and produced significantly fewer different consonants than predicted by their vocalization rate at 12 months. Consonant-acquisition trajectories differed between groups, with HRA− showing the greatest increase from 12 to 18 months. Conclusion Lower vocalization rate was not associated with reduced number of different consonants in these toddlers. Between-groups differences in developmental trajectories are discussed in the context of the social feedback loop and differential ability to benefit from adult feedback between groups.
The relationship between mission and innovativeness in the airline industry: an exploratory investigation

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Mission statements have been called the critical starting point for enhancing firm innovativeness. They are essential for strategic planning and have been shown to be linked with new product success. The current study asks the question: does the general model of the relationship between mission and organisational innovativeness apply in the specific case of a particular industry air transportation? For the most part, the study's findings confirm our earlier notions about mission and firm innovativeness. However, there are significant and notable exceptions that suggest that there may be "industry effects".
[Three dimensional imaging from tomodensitometric examinations in stomatology].

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Il est maintenant de pratique courante de completer un bilan radiologique classique par un examen tomodensitometrique (scanner a rayons X) lorsqu'un patient presente une pathologie osseuse du massif facial. A partir des coupes bidimensionnelles ainsi acquises, il est possible de traiter ces donnees numeriques par un logiciel de reconstruction afin de realiser des images tridimensionnelles du squelette facial et des teguments
Development of environmental friendly chemistry practicum module for vocational high school

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The presence of a chemistry practicum module is important for the implementation of practicum in the vocational school. The practicum module is needed so practicum can run smoothly, learning objectives can be achieved, and reduce the risk of work accidents. On the other hand, the use of chemicals in the school is still quite large and the utilization of organic waste as practicum material is still limited. There is a need for an environmental friendly and integrated chemistry practicum procedure. Therefore, it is necessary to have an environmentally friendly chemistry practicum innovation for the subject of Organic Material Analysis in vocational high school. This research aims to develop an environmental friendly chemistry practicum module that utilizes fruit waste as practicum material for the production of ethanol, acetic acid and ethyl acetate. The integrated chemistry procedure is introduced in this practicum which uses products from the first practicum (ethanol) as a reactant for the production of the second practicum (acetic acid) and the third practicum (ethyl acetate). This is a research and development with ADDIE development model. The validity of the environmental friendly chemistry practicum module was assessed by validators; the effectiveness of the module was evaluated based on the score of students' practicum reports; and the practicality of the module was evaluated from students' responses using questionnaire. The environmental friendly chemistry practicum module is very valid criteria with an average percentage of 94.672%; very effective criteria based on the score of students' reports with an average score of 87.515; and very practical with an average percentage of 90.555%. It can be concluded that the environmental friendly chemistry practicum module is valid, effective and practical. The environmental friendly chemistry practicum module can help the students for conducting experiments and promote students' attitude concern towards the environment.
The Role of Equity Crowdfunding Platforms for New Venture Financing

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Equity crowdfunding platforms allow only a fraction of ventures to launch campaigns. This first quantitative study of how platforms evaluate the quality of applicants uses an experimental conjoint analysis. It applies signaling theory to investigate whether patents, team experience, sales alliances, and venture capital backing result in positive evaluations by platforms. All four criteria matter; team experience matters most. The authors also randomly assign platform decision makers to evaluate firms from high-tech industries with high levels of information asymmetry and from mainstream industries. The only difference that emerges is that decision makers attach significantly greater importance to sales alliances of mainstream companies than of high-tech companies.
Supplementation strategies to improve efficiency of rumen microbial protein synthesis on cattles fed with tropical grass hay

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This experiment aimed at increasing rumen microbial protein supply into intestine through ration manipulation. Four Santa Gertrudis steers with a mean liveweight (W) of 218 (Â±5.6) kg were used in a latin square design (4 x 4) to observe the effect of four diets on the efficiency of rumen microbial protein synthesis (EMPS). The steers were given pangola grass hay (8.5% protein) as the basal diet. The treatments were 1) pangola grass hay alone (KON), 2) pangola grass hay + 19 g urea/kg dry matter (DM) hay (URE), 3) as for treatment URE + a supplement mix at 0.5% W (SUP), and 4) as for treatment SUP + salt at 0.15% W (SUG). Urea was added into the hay to support a theoretical EMPS of 160 g MCP/kg digestible organic matter (DOM) whereas supplement mix contains fast, medium, and slow rumen fermentable energy and protein to synchronise energy and protein release in the rumen. Salt was added to alter passage rate of digesta. Addition of urea alone or with supplement mix increased EMPS significantly compared to KON (77 g MCP/kg DOM) but no difference between URE (119 g MCP/kg DOM) and SUP (110 g MCP/kg DOM). Addition of salt into supplement mix increased EMPS by 84% (140 g MCP/kg DOM). It might be concluded that rumen degradable protein (RDP) was deficient in steers fed low quality grass hay hence urea supplementation significantly increased EMPS to a similar extent as that of the supplement mix formulated to have a synchrony in protein and energy release.Â Increasing fluid dilution rate, by adding salt, also had a dramatic affect on EMPS as observed in treatment SUG. It increased up to the level suggested in the International feeding standards.Â Key Words: Microbial Protein, Soluble Protein, Dilution Rate, Supplement, Tropical Grass
Effect of pyridoxine deficiency on phospholipid methylation in rat liver microsomes

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract The effect of altered methionine metabolism during pyridoxine deficiency on the activity of phosphatidyl‐ethanolamine methyltransferase (EC 2.1.1.17) and the levels of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylcholine (PC) has been evaluated in rat liver microsomes. Animals fed a pyridoxine‐deficient diet for 7 wk displayed a fivefold increase in the hepatic tissue level of S‐adenosylhomocysteine when compared to either control or pair‐fed animal counterparts. When PE methyltransferase was assayed in vitro, a significant increase in specific activity was observed using enzyme preparations from either pair‐fed or pyridoxine‐deficient rats. On the other hand, phospholipid levels did not conform to the measured enzyme activity. The level of PC in microsomes from either pyridoxine‐deficient or pair‐fed animal groups was significantly lower than that determined for the control group of rodents. However, the level of PC was noticeably lower in microsomes from pyridoxine‐deficient animals than that from pair‐fed animals, which received 45% of the feed intake of the control animals. In addition, the level of PE in microsomes from pair‐fed and pyridoxine‐deficient animals was significantly higher than that analyzed from the control animals, further confirming decreased methylation of substrate to product. It is concluded that pyridoxine deficiency may alter the methylation of phospholipid in the endoplasmic reticulum above and beyond that produced by feed restriction alone.
Chromatographic Fingerprint Analysis of Hydroalcoholic extract of Medicinally Important plant Elephantopus scaber l. Using HPTLC Technique

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract: Objective: To develop chemical fingerprint profile of secondary metabolites of therapeutically important plant Elephantopus scaber L. using HPTLC technique. Method: Preliminary phytochemical investigation was performed for the detection of secondary metabolites. HPTLC fingerprint profile of hydro-alcoholic extract of E. scaber was developed for alkaloids, flavonoids and saponins. Toluene: Ethyl acetate: Diethyl amine (7:2:1), Ethyl acetate: Formic acid: Glacial acetic acid: Water (10:0.5:0.5:1.3) and Chloroform: Acetic acid: Methanol: Water (6.4:3.2:1.2:0.8) were the solvent systems developed. Results: The HPTLC chromatogram of hydro-alcoholic extract of E. scaber resolved 12 alkaloids, 25 flavonoids and 26 saponins with different Rf values including some unknown. Conclusion: Chemical profiling of selected plant is suggestive of several known and unknown bioactive molecule having potential therapeutic efficacy. The unknown alkaloids, flavonoids and saponins separated needed to be elucidated further. It can be concluded that the HPTLC fingerprint analysis is useful in exact identification of plant material. Also, it serves as a significant tool in differentiating adulterants and biomarker in herbal drug industry. Key words: HPTLC Fingerprinting, E. Scaber, Chromatograms, Biomarker, Rf value.
New induced resistance genes against powdery mildew on chromosomes 4 and 5 of barley

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

[EN] Four induced mutants of 'Bomi' barley resistant against powdery mildew were crossed with trisomics and telotrisomics derived from cv. 'Shin Ebisu Nr. 16'. The respective resistance genes were located on chromosomes by determining deviating segregation ratios in critical F2 generations. The resistance genes for mutants E61 and E202 were identified on the long arm of chromosome 4 but outside the ml-0 locus and those of te mutants E30 and N151 on chromosome 5.
Antioxidants in brain and the effect of hypoxia.

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

In the first part of our experiments we investigated the ascorbic acid content in five areas of the brain in 11 age groups of rats aged 1 to 90 postnatal days. In the area of the olfactory lobe the values vary within the range of 2.9-4.5 mmol/kg fresh weight, with a significant drop on the 21st, 35th and 90th day. In the cerebral cortex the scatter of values was similar with a significant drop on the 21st and 90th day. From the hippocampal area varying values were obtained, the drop on the 5th, 12th, 15th, 21st, 35th and 90th day being significant. The curve of the ascorbic acid content in the area of the vermis cerebelli has the typical shape of a wave. The initial drop is followed by a rise with the maximum on the 18th day. A significant drop was observed on the 5th, 7th and 90th day, a significant rise on the 12th, 15th, 18th and 21st day. In the area of the medulla oblongata the lowest ascorbic acid values in our experiment were recorded. A significant drop was observed on the 5th, 21 st, 35th and 90th day, a significant rise on the 18th day. All significances are referred to one-day old rats. In the second part of our experiments we studied the influence of acute and chronic hypoxia on the ascorbic acid content in liver, adrenal, plasma, cerebrospinal fluid and brain in 18-day-old rats. Due to acute hypoxia a significant decrease in ascorbic acid concentration in the adrenal occurred. Its levels in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid increased significantly compared with controls.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Erythema chronicum migrans in Britain.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Further investigation has shown that the incorrect Reflomat result may have resulted from inserting the Reflomat strip into the machine upside down, which can give spurious readings up to 4 0 mmol/l.Incorrect insertion of the strip is, of course, more likely when testing for hypoglycaemia since the test surface fails to show significant colour change in this situation.This problem does not appear to be significant with the more recently available Reflotest-Hypoglycemie strips, though false results may occur.if either of the strips is not fully inserted into the machine.Although all laboratory results should be interpreted in the context of the clinical findings, we should like to alert your readers to this potential cause of error and suggest that the manufacturers alter the colour of the blank reverse side of the strip to obviate this risk.