jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Roles Of Curriculum Programmes In Fostering inter Group Contacts Among Multiracial Students in Higher Education

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Pendidikan pelbagai budaya adalah satu pendekatan kepada pengajaran dan pembelajaran yang berdasarkan pada nilai- nilai demokratik sesuatu masyarakat yang berbilang kaum di seluruh dunia. Banks (1994) menyatakan bahawa pengurangan prejudis adalah salah satu dari lima dimensi terkandung di dalam pendidikan pelbagai budaya. Walaupun setiap individu memupuk sifat prejudis terhadap kepercayaan, sikap dan nilai pada usia yang muda, kajian menunjukkan bahawa apabila pendidikan pelbagai budaya dan nilai disatukan dengan perhubungan antara kaum, prejudis selalunya dapat dikurangkan. Berdasarkan konteks ini, satu kajian terhadap peranan kurikulum di dalam menggalakkan perhubungan antara pelajar yang berbilang kaum telah dijalankan di Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor. Objektif utama kajian adalah untuk mengenalpasti tahap ilmu pengetahuan, sikap dan praktikal pelajar dari kumpulan etnik yang berbeza di dalam menggalakkan perhubungan antara kaum. Seramai 130 pelajar Ijazah Sarjana Muda yang terlibat didalam kajian ini. Satu set borang kaji selidik yang terbahagi kepada tiga dimensi digunakan bagi mengumpul data tentang tahap pengetahuan, sikap dan praktikal para pelajar didalam menggalakkan perhubungan antara kaum. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa tahap pengetahuan para pelajar terhadap perhubungan antara kaum berada di tahap sederhana dengan skor min 3.22, diikuti dengan sikap yang juga berada pada tahap sederhana (3.67) dan tahap sederhana praktikal dengan skor min 3.39. Ujian korelasi Spearman mendapati tiada hubungan yang signifikan diantara tahap KAP dengan faktor seperti jantina dan kaum. Walaubagaimanapun, analisis menggunakan ANOVA membuktikan bahawa ada perbezaan yang signifikan di antara kaum terhadap tahap pengetahuan, manakala tiada perbezaan signifikan terhadap sikap dan praktikal para pelajar di dalam memupuk perhubungan antara kaum. Adalah menjadi harapan agar keputusan yang diperolehi tentang tahap pengetahuan, sikap dan praktikal di dalam meningkatkan perhubungan antara kaum diantara pelajar menyediakan informasi yang bernilai di mana isu- isu budaya di beri perhatian. Implikasi dan cadangan turut dinyatakan sebagai panduan untuk kajian masa hadapan.
IC‐P2‐145: Whole‐brain atrophy rate and CSF biomarker levels in MCI and AD: A longitudinal study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

To assess associations between baseline and longitudinal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarker levels and whole-brain atrophy rate in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD), and the ability of these markers to predict disease progression. We included 101 patients (47 AD, 30 MCI, 24 controls) who underwent lumbar puncture at baseline and repeat MRI (interval 1.7±0.7y). A subgroup of 49 patients (20 AD, 18 MCI, 11 controls) underwent a second lumbar puncture. CSF levels of beta-amyloid1–42 (Aβ1–42), tau and tau phosphorylated at threonine-181 (P-tau181) were measured. Whole-brain atrophy rate was measured from serial MRI and clinical progression was determined using the MMSE. Across diagnostic groups, baseline Aβ1–42 (r=0.30, p<0.01), and tau (r=-0.25, p=0.01) were associated with whole-brain atrophy rate, while P-tau181 was not (r=-0.13, p=0.18). After adjustment for age, sex and diagnosis, we found no association between Aβ1–42 or tau, and whole-brain atrophy rate. By contrast, high CSF levels of P-tau181 showed a mild association with a lower whole-brain atrophy rate in AD (β[SE] 0.77 [0.36], p=0.04) but not in controls or MCI patients. Finally, whole-brain atrophy rate was associated with change in MMSE (r=0.40, p<0.05), while change in CSF levels of Aβ1–42, (r=0.18, p=0.22), tau (r=-0.03, p=0.83), and P-tau181(r=-0.01, p=0.97) was not. Whole-brain atrophy rate and CSF levels of Aβ1–42, tau or P-tau181 provide independent information in patients with MCI and AD, with CSF markers reflecting a disease state, while whole-brain atrophy rate measured from serial MRI, reflects the rate of disease progression.
The Relation of Hydrocyanic Acid Gas Concentration to the Kill of Various Stages of the Green Scale (Coccus Viridis (Green))

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Journal Article The Relation of Hydrocyanic Acid Gas Concentration to the Kill of Various Stages of the Green Scale (Coccus Viridis (Green)) Get access A. F. Camp, A. F. Camp 1Horticulturist, State Plant Board of Florida Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar J. R. Wilmot J. R. Wilmot 2Special Investigator, Fumigation Experiments, State Plant Board of Florida Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Economic Entomology, Volume 25, Issue 3, 1 June 1932, Pages 483–486, https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/25.3.483 Published: 01 June 1932
Hydropower and the geopolitics of renewable energies in the Amazon Basin

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract This article aims to reflect on the strategic importance of hydroelectric energy generated in the Amazon region for the interconnected Brazilian system. Its quantification shows a regional potential for higher energy generation compared to the current production of pre-salt oil. We consider this issue from the perspective of the geopolitics of renewable energy that brings new and relevant elements. In this article, the analytical framework focuses on path-dependence, smart-grids and energy-intensive societies and their energy security policies. As a result, we observe that in the current configuration, the advent of renewable energies can be an additional element of a long-term economic specialization of the Amazon, with worrying consequences from a socio-environmental perspective.
Effects of larval density on gene regulation in C. elegans during routine L1 synchronization [preprint]

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Bleaching gravid C. elegans followed by a short period of starvation of the L1 larvae is a routine method performed by worm researchers for generating synchronous populations for experiments. During the process of investigating dietary effects on gene regulation in L1 stage worms by single-worm RNA-Seq, we found that the density of resuspended L1 larvae affects expression of many mRNAs. Specifically, a number of genes related to metabolism and signalling are highly expressed in worms arrested at low density, but are repressed at higher arrest densities. We generated a GFP reporter strain based on one of the most density-dependent genes in our dataset – lips-15 – and confirmed that this reporter was expressed specifically in worms arrested at relatively low density. Finally, we show that conditioned media from high density L1 cultures was able to downregulate lips-15 even in L1 animals arrested at low density, and experiments using the daf-22 mutant demonstrated that this effect is not mediated by the ascaroside family of signalling pheromones. Together, our data implicate a soluble signalling molecule in density sensing by L1 stage C. elegans, and provide guidance for design of experiments focused on early developmental gene regulation.
UX Labs: Help! I need somebody!: Using personal construct psychology to explore the types of help students would like to receive in a library context

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

For UXLabs, I presented some research conducted by our brilliant UX Intern, Jamie Sutcliffe, a Psychology PhD student who spent 12 weeks working with the Subject Team at the University of Huddersfield at the start of 2018. During her short time with us, we were able to accomplish so much and further embed UX practices into our library service. For the last few weeks of her internship, Jamie started researching what kinds of library and IT help undergraduate students wanted when they visited the library.
A Paradigmatic Interplay between Human Cytomegalovirus and Host Immune System: Possible Involvement of Viral Antigen-Driven CD8+ T Cell Responses in Systemic Sclerosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a highly prevalent opportunistic agent in the world population, which persists as a latent virus after a primary infection. Besides the well-established role of this agent causing severe diseases in immunocompromised individuals, more recently, HCMV has been evoked as a possible factor contributing to the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases such as systemic sclerosis (SSc). The interplay between HCMV and immune surveillance is supposed to become unbalanced in SSc patients with expanded anti-HCMV immune responses, which are likely involved in the exacerbation of inflammatory processes. In this study, blood samples from a cohort of SSc patients vs. healthy subjects were tested for anti-HCMV immune responses (IgM, IgG antibodies, and T cells to peptide pools spanning the most immunogenic HCMV proteins). Statistically significant increase of HCMV-specific CD8+ T cell responses in SSc patients vs. healthy subjects was observed. Moreover, significantly greater HCMV-specific CD8+ T cell responses were found in SSc patients with a longer disease duration and those with higher modified Rodnan skin scores. Given the known importance of T cells in the development of SSc and that this virus may contribute to chronic inflammatory diseases, these data support a relevant role of HCMV-specific CD8+ T cell responses in SSc pathogenesis.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Structures, and Conformation Dynamics of Pyrazolotetrathiepins and Related Compounds Studied by X‐Ray Crystallography, Dynamic NMR, and Molecular Orbital Calculations.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The pyrazolopentathiepins (I) react with acetone (II), yielding the pyrazolotetrathiepins (III) ‐ (V).
Annual and Perennial Forage System Impact on Soil Health and Corn Silage Yield

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Producing high quality forage crops is exceedingly challenging in Vermont as climate change progresses with more precipitation, faster rates of precipitation, and higher annual temperatures (Faulkner, 2014). Organic farmers in the NE need reliable strategies for increasing quality forage production and decreasing risks associated with extreme weather events and pest outbreaks. Organic farmers who rely on pasture-based forage systems have reported challenges with meeting the dry matter and nutrient requirements of livestock due to short-term droughts and prolonged periods of soil wetness. Increasing forage crop diversity and integrating annual forage crops into perennial-based systems can help to increase forage reserves and protect against weather related crop stress, pest outbreaks, and feed price volatility. Although annual crops can have many benefits it is possible these systems can increase weed pressure and decrease soil health. The objectives of this trial were to compare soil quality, weed pressure, and yields of corn silage following annual or perennial based forage systems.
Provider Characteristics That Predict Periviable Cesarean Delivery

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

INTRODUCTION: The objective of this study was to determine health care provider characteristics that predict periviable cesarean delivery practice patterns. METHODS: We surveyed 295 obstetrician–gynecologists attending the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists' 2013 Annual Clinical Meeting about mode of delivery decisions for periviable (22–24 weeks of gestation) preterm premature rupture of membranes. Across 10 vignettes, physicians rated their likelihood of proceeding with cesarean delivery for breech fetuses (actively laboring and in fetal distress) from 0 (definitely would not) to 10 (definitely would) and then completed questionnaire items on sociodemographic characteristics and practice setting. Rating means were compared across physician characteristics and linear regression was used for multivariable analyses. RESULTS: A total of 64.9% of study participants were female; 91.9% generalists and 4.3% maternal-fetal medicine specialists; and 29.9% practiced in the northeastern United States. In multivariable analyses, Catholic obstetricians were more likely to perform cesarean delivery for laboring patients than Protestant obstetricians (P=.029). Obstetricians reporting their institutional “cutoffs” for cesarean delivery at less than 24 weeks of gestation were more likely to perform cesarean delivery for labor and fetal distress (P=.032 and <.001, respectively). Conversely, obstetricians reporting that they would choose cesarean delivery for themselves or their loved ones at greater than 24 weeks of gestation were less likely to perform periviable cesarean delivery (P=.002 and P<.001 for labor and distress, respectively). CONCLUSION: Physician characteristics and practice setting influence periviable decision-making regarding mode of delivery. These are high-stakes decisions with lifelong implications for patients and families. In the absence of patient preference elicitation, health care provider preferences and institutional norms may dominate the clinical course of care and undermine efforts to provide patient-centered periviable care. Interventions are needed to facilitate preference elicitation and values clarification in periviable counseling.
The character of soldier fly distribution (Diptera, Stratiomyidae) in Eastern Europe

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A total of 81 soldier fly species (Diptera, Stratiomyidae) belonging to 4 subfamilies occur in Eastern Europe (the East European Plain and Ciscaucasia). This fauna is compared to that of Western Europe and the chorological analysis of species found in Eastern Europe is given. According to the type of the geographic range, 13 species-groups and several subgroups were distinguished. Northern range borders in Eastern Europe and eastern borders of distribution of some species are discussed. The ratio between different subfamilies in the number of species in different parts of the territory under study is demonstrated.
Information governance as a socio-technical process in the development of trustworthy healthcare AI

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

In this paper we describe our experiences of managing information governance (IG) processes for the assurance of healthcare AI, using the example of an out-of-hospital-cardiac-arrest recognition software within the context of the Welsh Ambulance Service. We frame IG as a socio-technical process. IG processes for the development of trustworthy healthcare AI rely on information governance work, which entails dialogue, negotiation, and trade-offs around the legal basis for data sharing, data requirements and data control. Information governance work should start early in the design life cycle and will likely continue throughout. This includes a focus on establishing and building relationships, as well as a focus on organizational readiness and deeper understanding of both AI technologies as well as their safety assurance requirements.
EVALUATING THE GENDER VARIATIONS IN INFORMAL SECTOR ENTREPRENEURSHIP: SOME LESSONS FROM BRAZIL

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The aim of this paper is to evaluate critically the gender variations in informal sector entrepreneurship. Until now, a widely-held belief has been that entrepreneurs operating in the informal sector in developing nations are lowly paid, poorly educated, marginalized populations doing so out of necessity as a survival strategy in the absence of alternatives. Reporting an extensive 2003 survey conducted in urban Brazil of informal sector entrepreneurs operating micro-enterprises with five or less employees, the finding is that although less than half of these entrepreneurs are driven out of necessity into entrepreneurial endeavor in the informal economy, women are more commonly necessity-driven entrepreneurs and receive lower incomes from their entrepreneurial endeavor than men despite being better educated. The outcome is a call to recognize how the gender disparities in the wider labor market are mirrored and reinforced by the participation of men and women in the realm of informal sector entrepreneurship.
Antibacterial effects of plant extracts with hurdle technology against Vibrio cholerae

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Vibrio cholerae is an etiological cause of cholera implicated in several pandemics. Antibacterial activity of plant extracts has been established. However, these extracts exhibit activity at a concentration that may alter organoleptic attributes of water and food, hence limiting their application. In this light, there is need to device ways of reducing plant extracts' effective levels in order to widen their application. Thus, this study was conducted to improve activities of plant ethanolic extracts through combination with other generally recognized as safe antimicrobials. Combination of plant extracts with sodium acetate (NaOAc) 0.4% at pH 7.0 reduced minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of clove, lemon eucalyptus, rosemary and sage from 0.2 to 0.025%. At pH 6.4, combinations were more effective reducing MICs of clove, lemon eucalyptus, rosemary and sage from 0.2 to 0.0125% with NaOAc at 0.2%. At pH 7.0, the combination resulted in additive effect. Nevertheless, at pH 6.4, synergic effect was established. No interactive effect was observed with combinations involving glycine. Combination of plant extracts with NaOAc at mildly acidic pH creates a hurdle effect that may have potential application to control the growth of V. cholerae.
LHD IPD #170180.1

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Impurity Powder Dropper (IPD) was designed and built in the Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (PPPL), which can drop sub-millimeter impurity powders/granules (Boron, Boron-nitride, Carbon, Lithium, Silicon, etc.) into the LHD plasmas from 2.5-U port.
Paradoxical immunodeficiencies—When failures of innate immunity cause immunopathology

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Innate immunity facilitates immediate defense against invading pathogens throughout all organs and tissues but also mediates tissue homeostasis and repair, thereby playing a key role in health and development. Recognition of pathogens is mediated by germline‐encoded PRRs. Depending on the specific PRRs triggered, ligand binding leads to phagocytosis and pathogen killing and the controlled release of immune‐modulatory factors such as IFNs, cytokines, or chemokines. PRR‐mediated and other innate immune responses do not only prevent uncontrolled replication of intruding pathogens but also contribute to the tailoring of an effective adaptive immune response. Therefore, hereditary or acquired immunodeficiencies impairing innate responses may paradoxically cause severe immunopathology in patients. This can occur in the context of, but also independently of an increased microbial burden. It can include pathogen‐dependent organ damage, autoinflammatory syndromes, and neurodevelopmental or neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we discuss the current state of research of several different such immune paradoxes. Understanding the underlying mechanisms causing immunopathology as a consequence of failures of innate immunity may help to prevent life‐threatening disease.
Successful treatment of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma with clarithromycin and prednisolone

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We report a case of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) treated successfully with clarithromycin (CAM) and prednisolone (PSL). A 71-year-old woman presented with fever and cervical pain. DLBCL was diagnosed based on histological results from lymph node biopsy. Cervical pain was thought to be caused by the invasion of lymphoma cells into the cervical vertebrae. She initially received radiotherapy for the cervical lesion. She did not receive conventional chemotherapy because of the risk of recurrent non-tuberculous mycobacteria infection; therefore, she was treated with 20 mg/day PSL and 800 mg/day CAM to induce apoptosis in lymphoma cells. Complete remission was achieved after 6 months. The present findings suggest that CAM and PSL may be effective in some cases of DLBCL.
Single-Layer Wide-band 45 Degree Phase Shifter with Filter Function

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, a single-layer wide-band phase shifter is proposed, achieving 45 degree phase shift from 1.6GHz to 4.16GHz, and meanwhile exhibiting a band pass filter response. The proposed phase shifter is composed of a stub-loaded transmission line (SLTLs) with a delay line and an Open-circuited three-line MMR (OPTLMMR), both providing filter function. Constant phase shift is obtained by adjusting the phase slopes of main path and reference path.
Amyloid-β and the Failure to Form Mitochondrial Cristae: A Biomimetic Study Involving Artificial Membranes

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a degenerative disease of the central nervous system which causes irreversible damage to neuron structure and function. The main hypothesis concerning the cause of AD is excessive accumulation of amyloid-β peptides (Aβ). There has recently been a surge in studies on neuronal morphological and functional pathologies related to Aβ-induced mitochondrial dysfunctions and morphological alternations. What is the relation between the accumulation of Aβ in mitochondria, decreased production of ATP, and the large number of mitochondria with broken or scarce cristae observed in AD patients' neurons? The problem is complex, as it is now widely recognized that mitochondria function determines mitochondrial inner membrane (IM) morphology and, conversely, that IM morphology can influence mitochondrial functions. In our previous work, we designed an artificial mitochondrial IM, a minimal model system (giant unilamellar vesicle) mimicking the IM. We showed experimentally that modulation of the local pH gradient at the membrane level of cardiolipin-containing vesicles induces dynamic membrane invaginations similar to the mitochondrial cristae. In the present work we show, using our artificial IM, that Aβ renders the membrane unable to support the formation of cristae-like structures when local pH gradient occurs, leading to the failure of this cristae-like morphology. Fluorescent probe studies suggest that the dramatic change of membrane mechanical properties is due to Aβ-induced lipid bilayer dehydration, increased ordering of lipids, loss of membrane fluidity, and possibly to Aβ-induced changes in dynamic friction between the two leaflets of the lipid membrane.
The determination of the elastic constants of germanium by diffuse X-ray reflexions

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

STRUCTURE OF 0c-POTASSIUM SUPEROXIDE ozone and on the superoxide ion.In the case of ozone, with ro-o--1.278J~.Trambarulo et al. (1953) show the most likely bond order to be 0.5.Magnetic susceptibility measurements suggest (Pauling, 1940) the superoxide ion contains a three-electron bond, and thus bond, with o-o = 1-28 A, should also have an order of about 0.5.The resulting curve is then very similar to the corresponding order]length curve for carbon.We would like to thank Prof. A. yon Hippel for his interest in this work.