jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Figure S4 from RAC1b Overexpression Confers Resistance to Chemotherapy Treatment in Colorectal Cancer

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

<p>Figure S4. 1,000 HT29 NSC and shRac1b cells were plated in a 96-well plate and treated with different doses of 5FU for 10 days. On day 10, cell viability was analyzed using the PrestoBlue reagent according to the manufacturers instructions. Data was graphed using GraphPad software and IC50 values were generated using the log(inhibitor) vs. response - variable slope function. Data represents quadruplicates and the error bars represent the 95% confidence intervals.</p>
Active control vs. passive stiffness in posture and movement coordination

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The neuro-physiological mechanisms involved in postural stabilization are not well understood. Human body mechanically resembles an inverted pendulum that is inherently unstable. Active and passive mechanisms at muscle and spinal level as well as visual and vestibular processes are attributed to postural stabilization. At the same time, intrinsic delays in the reflex pathways and the low-pass characteristics of the muscle response tend to limit the effectiveness of active mechanisms of stabilization. The motivation for this research was to study the relative contribution from active control (feedforward mechanisms) and passive stiffness (feedback mechanisms) in maintenance of posture and coordination of voluntary movement. We develop a multi-segment sagittal model with three degrees of freedom that included the rotation at ankle, knee, and hip joints. We propose an optimal LQR controller as the central nervous system analog in posture and movement coordination. We present analytical and simulation results to support an active-passive model of postural stabilization. Besides expanding our understanding of the stabilization processes in the body, the insight gained from this study is expected to promote awareness of the existence of optimal trajectories in the coordination of skilled voluntary movements.
HYPOFRACTIONATED READIOSURGERY FOR LARGE CEREBRAL ARTERIOVENOUS MALFORMATION: A CASE SERIES AND FOLLOW UP RESULTS.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background and AimsPatients with cerebral cavernous malformations (CCM) may be managed conservatively, or with neurosurgical or radiosurgical intervention. Randomised trials have not been performed and observational studies have not reliably identified dramatic effects of treatment. Using decision analysis, we aimed to evaluate the preferred treatment strategy for patients with symptomatic CCM. MethodIn a decision model, we compared three strategies: 1) neurosurgical, 2) radiosurgical, and 3) conservative treatment. A literature review yielded the risks and outcomes of interventions, intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) and seizures. Patients with CCM rated their quality of life to determine utilities. We estimated the expected number of quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) and the ICH recurrence risk over five years, according to mode of presentation (ICH or focal neurological deficit [FND] vs. other) and CCM location (brainstem vs. other).ResultsThe expected number of QALYs for brainstem CCM presenting with ICH or FND was 2.84 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.54u20133.08) for conservative, 3.01 (95%CI: 2.86-3.16) for neurosurgical, and 3.03 (95%CI: 2.88u20133.18) for radiosurgical treatment; those for non-brainstem CCM presenting with ICH or FND were 3.08 (95%CI: 2.85u20133.31) for conservative, 3.21 (95%CI: 3.01u20133.36) for neurosurgical, and 3.19 (95%CI: 2.98u20133.37) for radiosurgical treatment. For CCM presenting with epilepsy, QALYs were 3.09 (95%CI: 3.03u20133.16) for conservative, 3.33 (95%CI: 3.31u20133.34) for neurosurgical, and 3.27 (95%CI: 3.24u20133.30) for radiosurgical treatment.ConclusionFor the initial 5 years after presentation, our study provides Class III evidence that for CCM presenting with ICH or FND conservative management is the first option, and for CCM presenting with epilepsy treatment should be considered. More comparative studies with long term follow-up are needed.
SH1453246.08FU

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.
Analysis of aqueous humor in ocular toxoplasmosis: detection of low avidity IgG specific to Toxoplasma gondii.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Using a modified enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay that included dissociation of antigen antibody complexes with 6M urea solution, we analyzed the avidity of Toxoplasma-specific IgG in aqueous humor and serum samples from 24 patients with toxoplasmic chorioretinitis. As a control, we studied aqueous humor and serum samples from 14 cataract patients without history of uveitis and serum samples from 10 patients with recent primary systemic toxoplasmic infection without ocular lesions. IgG avidity was markedly lower in aqueous humor samples from patients with toxoplasmic chorioretinitis than in serum samples, despite those samples presenting higher levels of Toxoplasma-specific IgG than in serum samples. The detection of the low-avidity Toxoplasma-specific antibodies can offer a valuable aid to make a specific etiologic diagnosis and perhaps contribute to understand the pathogenic mechanisms of ocular toxoplasmosis.
An integrated lean assessment framework for tyre distribution industry

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Given the vital role of distribution units within the supply chains, this research aims to develop a comprehensive lean assessment framework that integrates Modelling and Simulation with Value Stream Mapping (VSM) and Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to assess the ‘leanness’ level in distribution business. The framework is applied on a distribution centre of a leading European company in the tyre manufacturing and distribution business. The framework helps decision makers to evaluate the effect of two lean distribution practices – Pull Order Replenishment and Class-Based Storage Policy – on company’s performances and is also used as a leanness Self-Assessment Tool.
Systemic ATTR-amyloidosis, a Rare Form of Internal Organ Damage

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The article presents the case report of a rare hereditary form of systemic ATTR-amyloidosis in Russian patient with a discussion of approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of this form, also based on the own experience in the management of such patients. Modern ideas about the pathogenesis of the disease as well as detailed information about the clinical manifestations of amyloid cardiopathy and of other organs are presented. The nature of structural and hemodynamic changes in the heart is discussed on the basis of experience, including own, ultrasound examination of the heart in patients with amyloidosis, especially the article focuses the reader's attention on the true infiltrative nature of transtiretin amyloid cardiopathy in contrast to AL-amyloidosis, in which there is a significant inflammatory component that determines a more unfavorable natural course of AL-amyloidosis of the heart. The article discusses the differential diagnosis of different types of amyloidosis, the diagnostic difficulties associated with weak congophilia of transtiretin amyloidosis and at the same time substantiates the need for morphological verification of the diagnosis. Modern methods of treatment of ATTR-amyloidosis are discussed.
Treatment efficacy and methotrexate-related toxicity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis receiving methotrexate in combination with adalimumab

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with a combination of methotrexate (MTX)+adalimumab (ADA) is more effective than ADA monotherapy. We assessed the toxicity of different doses of MTX and treatment efficacy of ADA+MTX in two trials. Methods Data originated from CONCERTO, in patients with early RA initiating ADA+ 2.5, 5, 10 or 20 mg/week MTX for 26 weeks; and MUSICA, in patients with an inadequate response to MTX initiating ADA+ 7.5 or 20 mg/week MTX for 24 weeks. Efficacy was assessed by the American College of Rheumatology 50 (ACR50). Patient-reported MTX-related toxicity information was collected at each visit on 18 prespecified MTX-related adverse events (AE) in the MTX label. Results In CONCERTO, ACR50 rates increased over time, ranging from 54% to 68% at week 26, while AE rates remained steady, ranging from 2.4% to 17.8% at week 26. Of 395 patients, 113 (28.6%) reported 345 MTX-related AEs, including one serious AE (SAE, excessive fatigue and/or malaise); 10 AEs (in two patients) led to study discontinuation. In MUSICA, ACR50 rates increased over time, and were 32.3% and 37.5% at week 24, while MTX-related AE rates remained steady and were 6.5% at week 24. Of 309 patients, 71 (23%) reported 185 MTX-related AEs, including 5 SAEs (four infections and one fever/chills); six AEs (in four patients) led to study discontinuation. Conclusion In patients with RA initiating ADA+MTX combination, treatment efficacy was achieved and increased throughout both trials, while rates of MTX-related AEs remained steady. MTX-related AEs were observed in up to 30% of patients and most were mild. MTX was discontinued by 0.5%–1.3% of patients. Trial registration number MUSICA ( NCT01185288 ), CONCERTO ( NCT01185301 ), Post results.
A novel extracorporeal shock wave system for enhancing microcirculation and angiogenesis after full thickness burn in an animal study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The extended wounds of burn patients remain a challenge due to wound infection and following septicemia. The aim of this study was to analyze microcirculation, angiogenesis and leukocyte endothelium interaction after burn injury with and without extracorporeal shock wave application (ESWA). A novel shockwave system was developed based on a commercially available device for orthopedics (Dornier Aries®) that was equipped with a newly developed applicator. This system is based on the electromagnetic shock wave emitter (EMSE) technology and was introduced to accomplish a localized treatment for wound healing. The system includes a novel field of focus for new applications, with high precision and ease of use. In the animal study, full-thickness burns were inflicted on to the ears of hairless mice (n=51). Intravital fluorescent microscopy was used to assess microcirculatory parameters, angiogenesis and leukocyte behavior. ESWA was performed on day 1, 3 and 7. Values were obtained immediately after burn, as well as at days 1, 3, 7, and 12 post burn. All shockwave treated groups showed an accelerated angiogenesis with a less non-perfused area and an improved blood flow after burn injury compared to the placebo control group. After three treatments, the shock waves increased the number of rolling leukocytes significantly compared to the nontreated animals. Shock waves seem to have a positive effect on several parameters of wound healing after burn injury. However, further investigations are necessary to detect positive influence of shock waves on microcirculation after burn injuries.
Neutronics instrumentation for the European TBM in ITER

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Test Blanket Modules (TBM) will be installed in the ITER with the aim to investigate the nuclear performance of different breeding blanket designs for fusion power reactors. Here we present an overview of our ongoing work on three types of neutron flux monitors under development at KIT for the TBMs. A foil activation system with pneumatic sample transport was constructed by KIT utilizing the intense DT neutron generator of Technical University of Dresden. It is used as a test bench for the development of a neutron activation system for the TBMs. Self-powered neutron detectors (SPND) are widely applied in fission reactor monitoring, and the commercially available SPNDs are sensitive to thermal neutrons. We are investigating novel materials for SPND which would be sensitive also to the fast neutron flux expected in the TBMs. Within the I-SMART project, funded by KIC InnoEnergy, KIT is developing an online detector based on silicon carbide electronics for the TBMs. © 2013 IEEE.
Usefulness of multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction for diagnosing community acquired pneumonia in Japanese adults

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Usefulness of multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and frequency of macrolide-resistant (MR) Mycoplasma pneumoniae ( M. p ) in Japanese adults are unknown. Aims: To diagnose causative pathogens of community acquired pneumonia (CAP) in Japanese adults with RT-PCR vs. conventional tests (sputum/blood culture, urine antigen for Streptococcus pneumoniae [ S. p ]/ Legionella pneumophila [ L. p ], and paired serum of M. p antibody) and clarify frequency of MR M. p in Japanese adults. Methods: We prospectively enrolled 29 CAP patients ≥20 years old from Sep 2012 to Feb 2013. CAP was defined based on respiratory symptoms and laboratory/chest X-ray findings excluding noninfectious causes. We collected sputum, nasopharyngeal swab, urine, and blood samples of each patient. RT-PCR can identify 6 bacteria and 11 viruses in sputum and nasopharyngeal swab samples. Causative pathogens were identified by each test. MR gene was checked if PCR of M. p was positive. Results: Mean patient age (15 men) was 56 years, and 20 had taken previous antibiotics. Sensitivity was significantly higher in RT-PCR vs. conventional tests (69%, n=20 vs. 41%, n=12; P <0.05). Common causative pathogens by RT-PCR were S. p (n=10), M. p (n=7) and Haemophilus influenzae (n=4), including duplication, with 4 cases of mixed bacterial/viral infection. Four (57%) of 7 M.p patients were MR by RT-PCR. Conclusions: Since many patients had taken previous treatment, sensitivity of conventional tests was low, but RT-PCR was unaffected by this. RT-PCR was useful for CAP in Japanese adults. When M. p is suspected, RT-PCR is especially useful because sensitivity is high and MR can be checked.
Association of obstructive sleep apnoea with long-term cardiovascular events in patients with acute coronary syndrome with or without hypertension: insight from the OSA-ACS project

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background A close relationship exists between obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and hypertension. However, the impact of hypertension on the prognostic significance of OSA in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) remains unclear. Methods This is a post hoc analysis of the OSA-ACS project, which consecutively included patients with ACS and receiving overnight sleep study from June 2015 to January 2020. OSA was defined as AHI ≥15 events/hour. The primary outcome was major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE), including a composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, stroke, ischemia-driven revascularisation or hospitalisation for unstable angina or heart failure. Results A total of 1927 patients with ACS were finally enrolled in this study. The mean patient age was 56.4±10.5 years. Among them, 1247 (64.7%) patients had hypertension, and 1014 (52.6%) patients had OSA. During 2.9 (1.5, 3.6) years of follow-up, OSA was associated with an increased risk of MACCE among patients with hypertension (HR=1.35, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.75, p=0.02), but not in patients without hypertension (HR=1.15, 95% CI 0.79 to 1.68, p=0.47). The interaction between OSA and hypertension for MACCE was not statistically significant (interaction p=0.29). For patients with pre-existing hypertension, OSA was associated with an increased risk of MACCE only among those with grade 3 hypertension (HR 1.54, 95% CI 1.12 to 2.13, p=0.008), but not those with grade 1 or 2 hypertension. Conclusions OSA was associated with an increased risk of MACCE following ACS in patients with hypertension, especially in patients with pre-existing severe hypertension. These findings highlight the importance of identifying OSA in ACS patients with hypertension. Trial registration number NCT03362385 .
Strong Decays and Spin-Parity Assignments of Low-Lying Singly Charmed Baryons

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

In this study, we analyze the strong decays of singly charmed baryons into another singly charmed baryon and a light pseudo scalar meson by means of heavy hadron chiral perturbation theory (HHChPT) which combines heavy quark symmetry with chiral symmetry. HHChPT worked excellently for describing the strong decays of $1S$-wave charmed baryons. The strong decay widths of well-established singly charmed baryons are well reproduced. Further, the strong decay width of $1P$ states are calculated in this approach by using the calculated masses in the relativistic flux tube (RFT) model. By analysing the mass spectra from the RFT model with strong decays in HHChPT, we investigate the spin-parity assignments. We identify $Σ_{c}(2800)$ and $Ξ_{c}(2939)$ as $1P$-wave states having $J^{P}=\frac{3}{2}^{-}$.
Access to Credit after Emerging from Corporate Bankruptcy

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper identifies the credit restrictions that small firms are facing after emerging from bankruptcy. Using the French credit register, I implement a differencein-difference strategy that exploits staggered removal of bankruptcy flags in the form of an exogenous change in credit ratings. I focus on small and medium businesses between 2012 and 2019 and show that the flag removal leads to an increase in bank credit of 1.7%. The flag removal does not make relationship banks forget about the past bankruptcy. Instead, it removes adverse information for new banks that subsequently start lending. As a result, financially constrained firms rely less on supplier debt and increase their investment by 15%.
Lewis phenotypes and secretor character in the "Castilla la Nueva"-region (Spain). ABH and Lewis antigen levels in salivary secretion.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In 1980 blood and saliva samples were taken from Spanish students of the University of Madrid. Red cells were analysed for A1B2BO and Lewis blood groups. Saliva samples were tested to detect the specific group substances ABH, Lea and Leb. A slightly higher frequency of the "le" gene (0.419) was found in our sample as compared to other Spanish samples. The phenotype frequencies of ABH secretors (77.2%) and non-secretors (22.8%) are in the range of other European populations. The levels of A and B antigens of individuals belonging to these blood groups were similar, whereas the average titration of the H substance showed the relation O greater than A2 greater than A1 greater than A1B greater than B. Analysis of variance proved this heterogeneity to be statistically significant. The amount of Lea substance in non-secretors was higher than in secretors. This shows again that the ABH secretor status has some influence on the quantity of this antigen. The average titration of the Leb substance in secretors was higher than that of Lea in individuals belonging to O, A and AB blood groups, but not in those with blood group B.
Characteristics of Ichthyoplankton Communities and Their Relationship With Environmental Factors Above the Ninety East Ridge, Eastern Indian Ocean

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The Ninety East Ridge is a submarine north–south oriented volcanic ridge in the eastern Indian Ocean. Surface-layer ichthyoplankton collected in this area from September to October were identified by combined morphological and molecular (DNA barcoding) techniques, and their species composition, diversity, and abundance, and correlations with environmental variables were described. Collections comprised 109 larvae and 507 eggs, which were identified to 37 taxa in 7 orders, 20 families, and 27 genera, and were dominated by the order Perciformes and species Vinciguerria sp., Oxyporhamphus micropterus , and Decapterus macarellus . Species abundances at each station and of each species were relatively low, suggesting that this area or the time of sampling were not of major importance for fish spawning. Waters above Ninety East Ridge had lower species diversity but higher species richness than waters further offshore. A generalized additive model revealed that high abundance of ichthyoplanktonic taxa occurred in areas with low sea surface height and high sea surface salinity, temperature, and chlorophyll a concentration. Of these, sea surface height was most correlated with ichthyoplankton abundance. We provided baseline data on surface-dwelling ichthyoplankton communities in this area to aid in development of pelagic fishery resources in waters around the Ninety East Ridge.
Crosstalk at the Membrane

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) can become activated when other membrane receptors bind to their cognate ligands. For example, when platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) binds to its receptor (PDGFR), the EGFR becomes phosphorylated on tyrosine. Saito et al. report that this transactivation may occur at the plasma membrane of vascular smooth muscle cell. A complex containing endogenous EGFR and PDGFR subunits was detected, even in the absence of PDGF treatment. Stimulation of cells with PDGF caused simultaneous activation of both receptor types, but did not increase heterodimer formation. PDGFR kinase activity was not required for EGFR transactivation. Because inhibition of Src kinase activity blocked heterodimer formation, the authors propose that Src phosphorylates a protein in the receptor complex that is critical for maintaining heterodimer association. The proposed model suggests that PDGF induces homodimerization of the PDGFR, but that associated EGFRs may not necessarily homodimerize. Y. Saito, J. Haendeler, Y. Hojo, K. Yamamoto, B.C. Berk, Receptor heterodimerization: Essential mechanism for platelet-derived growth factor-induced epidermal growth factor receptor transactivation. Mol. Cell Biol. 21 , 6387-6394 (2001). [Abstract] [Full Text]
MAR,BQU - A MBS and ROOT Based OnlinelOffline Utility

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

MARaB@U is a system for data acquisition and cvaluaLion develooed at the Tandcm Accelerator Laboratory of tlic the VSB port of thc memory and sends blocks or rormatted events to the Linux host. Universities of Munich. It consists of a front-end system Cor data readout, cvent building, and data transport based on the Multi Branch System MBS, and a back-end systcin responsible for serup, run control, histogramming, data analysis, and data sloragc written within thc ROOT framework. The ROOT pait includes a GUI to control (he MBS front-end, a histogram prcscntcr to visualize the data, and class libraries to describe thc cxpctiment.