jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Productive performance and blood parameters of bulls fed diets containing babassu mesocarp bran and whole or ground corn

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of corn milling and the inclusion of babassu mesocarp bran (BMB) on productive performance, digestibility of dietary nutrients, and blood parameters of dairy crossbred (Holstein-Gyr) bulls finished in confinement. Twenty-four bulls were fed four different experimental diets, containing two levels of inclusion of BMB (0 and 41.24%) and corn supplied in two different forms (ground and whole), for 98 days (77 days of data collection and 21 days of adaptation). The intakes and digestibility coefficients of the dry matter (DM) and nutrients were determined. There were no significant interaction effects of the BMB inclusion level and the form of corn used on the performance and digestibility variables. The intakes of DM, crude protein (CP), and neutral detergent fibre (NDF) increased with the inclusion of BMB in the diets. However, the inclusion of BMB in the diets decreased the ether extract intake, the NDF apparent digestibility, and the feed efficiency of DM and CP. Dry matter and NDF intakes also increased with the use of ground corn in the diet, which promoted an increase in the intake of total digestible nutrients (TDN), digestibility of non-fibrous carbohydrates, and average daily gain. However, the supply of ground corn reduced the feed efficiency of TDN. The remaining measured variables did not vary with the tested diets. The levels of plasma protein and albumin remained normal, but glucose concentrations were always high, irrespective of the tested diet. The form of corn supplied and the level of BMB inclusion had a significant interaction effect on the levels of triglycerides, urea, aspartate aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase. Babassu mesocarp bran can be included up to 41.24% in the diet of confined bulls without a negative effect on the animal weight gain. Corn should be supplied ground because this form improves the performance of crossbred bulls
Visualizing Visions: Re-viewing the seventeenth-century genre of constcamer paintings

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Constcamer paintings or pictures of collections were created almost exclusively in Antwerp, and to a lesser extent in Brussels, in the seventeenth century. Until now, no attempt had been made to collect all known examples, partly because of the contemporary distribution of such works across collections throughout the Western world. Another difficulty in studying constcamer paintings is the great complexity of the rich variety of subjects, objects, and concepts on display in the images that combine many disciplines separated today. Advances in the field of computer science have made it possible to systematically collect, archive, and analyze artworks and associated information on a large scale. My digital approach to the genre aimed to determine what a constcamer painting is, in terms of form, content, and meaning. In addition to looking at pictorial features and cognitively identifying what we see, contextualization played a key role in achieving understanding. Pictorial, historical, social, cultural, and intellectual contexts served as the framework for interpretation. Special attention has been paid to the interplays between collecting and recollecting, art and science, and physical and metaphysical vision. This thesis argues that pictures of collections primarily lay claim to the active intellect to generate insights by uncovering the multitude of meanings embedded in the seventeenth-century genre. The examination of constcamer paintings through a dataset led to enhanced perception and highlighted the prominence of visuality in the transmission and acquisition of knowledge, both then and now.
CFD Meshing and Simulation Best Practices for a Turbine Stage With Squealer Tips, Trailing-Edge Cooling and End-Wall Cooling Injection

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The present study discusses and verifies workflows for simulating the flow through turbine stages featuring complex geometry like cooling holes at the hub and shroud surfaces, cavities upstream and downstream of the rotor, and rotor blades with squealer tips. Linne et al. [3] investigated such a configuration experimentally. Their experiments served as the test case for the present simulations. The geometric complexities forbid using mapped hexahedral meshes, the mesh elements of choice for standard geometries. Therefore, the first part of the paper investigates the use and accuracy of unstructured polyhedral meshes by comparing their accuracy and computational efficiency to hexahedral meshes on a reduced geometry model. The second part applied unstructured polyhedral meshes to the complete geometry model. The simulations showed that adding trailing edge cooling and rotor cavities prevents convergent steady-state solutions on the finer meshes. Rotor cavities and trailing edge cooling had a perceptible influence on the calculated isentropic efficiencies.
Acute Toxicity and Dose Fixation Studies on <i>Chloroxylon swietenia</i> Dc Bark Extracts on Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Rats

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disease with the highest rates of prevalence and mortality worldwide. Chloroxylon swietenia has been used extensively in folkloric medicine. The present study aims to determine the acute toxicity of Chloroxylon swietenia bark methanol (CSBMEt) and aqueous extracts (CSBAEt) (100, 150, 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg body weight) and dose fixation of CSBMEt and CSBAEt in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced in male albino wistar rats by single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (50mg/kg b.w). The diabetic rats were administered with Chloroxylon swietenia bark extracts (CSBMEt and CSBAEt) (75,125 and 250mg/kg b.w) orally by intragastric intubation for 15 days. Acute toxicity studies revealed the non-toxic nature of the CSBMEt and CSBAEt. No lethality or toxic reactions found at any doses until the end of study, whereas 75 and 125 mg/kg b.w. doses of CSBMEt and CSBAEt produce no significant changes in the diabetic rats and 250mg/kg b.w. of CSBMEt and CSBAEt have significant change in the blood glucose. The results conclude that, there was no toxicity observed up to 1000mg/kg b.w. of both the extracts and 250mg/kg b.w. of CSBMEt and CSBAEt can be used as effective dose to treat diabetes.
Validation of computerized Landolt C visual acuity measurement on ColorDx

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objective: Visual acuity (VA), the most common and simple measurement of visual function, is used worldwide in clinical practice and clinical research to quantify vision. However, rather than the full-letter width spacing standard on traditional visual acuity charts that might induce crowding, increased test-retest variability and bias, the visual acuity test on ColorDx is a single letter scoring, logMAR scaled and fast performed visual acuity measurement. The study aim is to study the reliability and validity of the visual acuity test on ColorDx on both healthy subjects and those with eye diseases. Methods: This is a prospective comparative clinical study. A total of 54 participants subjects were enrolled with their right eyes. All subjects underwent test and retest visual acuity measurements at 4 meters using ColorDx and Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) charts. All results were scored with logMAR units. Paired sample t-test, Pearson’s correlation and independent sample t-test were performed.Results: The mean difference between the two visits of ColorDx was 0.03 ± 0.05 and that for ETDRS chart was 0.01 ± 0.03. None of the differences between the two visits were statistically significant (P&gt;0.05). In Pearson correlation, r was 0.794 with a p-value less than 0.001. The mean differences between healthy and unhealthy groups were 0.23 for both tests. P-values were 0.03 and 0.01 of ETDRS chart and ColorDx, respectively.Conclusion: The visual acuity test on ColorDx is a simple, reliable and standardized procedure for visual acuity measurement. The pilot data in our study provides preliminary evidence that it can be used as a valid alternative to ETDRS chart worldwide without the Latin alphabet barrier. The simple operation could be suitable for fast-paced clinical settings. More disease groups and larger sample size need to be evaluated in future studies.
Respiratory Pattern Abnormalities and Prenatal Cocaine Exposure

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Sir.—We recently reported an increased incidence of respiratory pattern abnormalities in infants with prenatal cocaine exposure.1A deficient sleep arousal response to asphyxia may be a fundamental abnormality2,3in infants at risk for sudden infant death syndrome, and at least part of the interrelationship among intrauterine cocaine exposure, subsequent cardiorespiratory pattern abnormalities, and risk for sudden infant death syndrome may be deficient arousal responsiveness. In the "Comment" section, we suggested a possible relationship among prenatal cocaine exposure, norepinephrine, and the locus coeruleus, the putative center of arousal in the brain stem. Specific references are now available that discuss in full detail the hypothesis originally proposed by Gingras and Weese-Mayer4that cocaine-induced alterations in norepinephrine in the locus coeruleus may be secondary to an effect on neural transmitter homeostasis. Furthermore, this hypothesis is now being tested in an animal model5and in a human model.6
Confirmation from a Journalist: A Case Study of Azadeh Moaveni’s Orientalist Discourse in Lipstick Jihad and Honeymoon in Tehran

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Azadeh Moaveni‟s two memoirs, Lipstick Jihad: A Memoir of Growing Up Iranian in America and American in Iran (2005) and Honeymoon in Tehran: Two Years of Love and Danger in Iran (2010), have been praised for offering an objective picture of contemporary Iran, especially due to the fact that they are written by a professional journalist who is also a native informant. The present article argues that these memoirs, in spite of different claims about their authenticity, embody the orientalist discourse of ineptness and backwardness of Iranian people. The article, drawing on theories from Said, Genette, Barth, and Alcoff, among others, maintains that the paratexts and texts of the memoirs, confirm the expectations of many of their western readers and introduce Iranian people as pathetic beings in need of a savior, obsessed with the gratification of their sexual desires with the ultimate dream of living in the West. It is finally concluded that the memoirs can be considered reductionist as they propose some generalizations which do not apply to all sections of Iranian society and their orientalist confirmation can be strongly challenged for the dual reasons that they deny the dynamic nature of Iranian society and reflect only part of the truth about Iran, not all of it.
Corporate Social Responsibility: An Islamic Shari'ah-Compliant Perspective

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This chapter explores the concept of corporate social responsibility (CSR) from an Islamic Shari'ah-compliant perspective. It provides a comprehensive literature review on CSR with an explicit focus on the Islamic perspective of CSR, Islamic models of CSR, CSR practices in conventional and Islamic banks, and the consequences of CSR to Islamic banks. This chapter's main contribution lies in considering the current CSR literature from a Shari'ah perspective. Likewise, it identifies gaps in the current literature and suggests potential areas for future research. This chapter attempts to improve the understanding of how Islamic banks integrate social responsibility into their operations. The insights from this chapter are helpful to practitioners and academic scholars in Islamic finance, accounting, and CSR. This chapter emphasizes the importance of incorporating Islamic values and principles into CSR practices and encourages further research and investigation in this area.
Ascending aortic aneurysms: composite conduit replacement.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

From July 1980 to February 1984, 26 patients underwent composite replacement of ascending aortic aneurysm and aortic valve with coronary reimplantation. This group included 14 patients with dissecting aneurysm (ten and four respectively, belonging to Types I and II), and 12 patients with chronic aneurysm (six atherosclerotic aneurysms, two Marfan's syndrome and four annuloaortic ectasia cases). Hospital mortality was 35.7% (5/14) in the dissection subgroups and 16.6% (2/12) in the chronic aneurysm subgroup (difference NS). No operative risk factor was recognized. The 19 survivors have been followed up for a total of 393 patient-months (range 5 to 49 months). Controls included echocardiography and computed tomography scanning. Two patients died because of rupture of a persistently dissected aorta; another patient died of an unknown cause. Total actuarial survival rate at 4 years was 58.3 +/- 10.4% (83.3 +/- 10.7% for chronic aneurysms and 42.3 +/- 13.4% for dissecting aneurysms). Among late survivors, there were no paravalvular leaks, new dissections, or thromboembolisms, although two perigraft hematomas and a persistent dissection were later disclosed. When appropriate, composite conduit replacement of the ascending aorta can increase the survival rate, and can also be useful in high-risk patients.
Compositional trends in Ba-, Ti-, and Cl-rich micas from metasomatized mantle rocks of the Gföhl Unit, Bohemian Massif, Austria

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Ba-, Ti-, and Cl-rich micas associated with other Ba- and/or Cl-rich minerals in the rock matrix or in garnet and clinopyroxene hosted multiphase solid inclusions (MSI) are observed in mantle-derived garnet pyroxenites. The micas show extremely high variability in chemical composition ranging between Ba-rich phlogopite, chloroferrokinoshitalite, and oxykinoshitalite. Elemental covariation trends in mineral chemical data reveal the principal substitution mechanisms responsible for the observed chemical variability. The substitution Ba2+Al3+ ↔ K1+Si4+ associated with either OH1– ↔ Cl1– or Ti4+2O2– ↔ Mg2+2OH1 links phlogopite to chloroferrokinoshitalite and oxykinoshitalite, respectively, whereas the substitution Ti4+2O2– ↔ Fe2+2Cl1– links chloroferrokinoshitalite to oxykinoshitalite. The preferred incorporation of Cl in Fe-rich mica and of Ti+O in Mg-rich mica indicates that XFe (Fetot/Fetot+Mg) exerts an important control on mica composition. The positive correlation of XFe with Cl led to the formation of possibly the most Cl-rich mica so far described classified as chloroferrokinoshitalite (XFe0.88, Ba0.95K0.03Fe2.68Mg0.37Al1.91Si2.01Cl1.98) with 10.98 wt% Cl. Substantial substitution of OH– by Cl– and O2– in mica, and the presence of Cl-apatite, a rare Cl-rich phosphate goryainovite, and carbonates together with Cl-rich micas indicate high-Cl and -CO2 activity and low-H2O activity in metasomatizing fluids or melts that may be classified as Ba-Cl-rich silicocarbonatitic. The coexistence of two micas with distinct compositions close to chloroferrokinoshitalite (XFe0.57–0.77, K~0.1Ba0.6–0.8Mg0.7–1.3Fe1.7–2.3Ti0.0–0.1 Si2.2–2.3Al1.5–1.7Cl1.2–1.8) and oxykinoshitalite (XFe0.19–0.20, K~0.3Ba~0.5Mg2.0–2.1Fe~0.5Ti0.2–0.4Si2.4–2.6Al~1.8Cl~0.3) suggests that a miscibility gap exists between these two compositions. The exotic mineral assemblage was formed by interaction with metasomatizing fluids or melts whose origin cannot be defined with certainty. They may be derived from crustal or mantle lithologies or from the host garnet pyroxenites. The textural position of the MSI in garnet and their characteristic mineral assemblages indicate that they have been introduced into the garnet crystals under post-peak conditions, possibly during decompression. With this research we document substitution mechanisms in Ba-, Ti-, and Cl-rich micas and shed light on the behavior and composition of fluids or melts at the upper mantle/lower crust interface.
An Epidemiologic Study of Bacterial Culture and Antibiotic Susceptibility Analyses in Captive Macaques and Marmosets at the Wisconsin National Primate Research Center

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Abstract Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) represents a growing public health threat that arises at the interface between animal, human, and environmental health. Although the pathways promoting the development of AMR are well characterized in human health settings, data within the veterinary medical world are less abundant, particularly from fields focusing on nontraditional species, such as nonhuman primates (NHPs). The purpose of this study was to describe trends in sample submission for bacterial culture, characterize patterns of microbial growth and any changes in AMR and susceptibility over time, and inform best practices for veterinary antimicrobial stewardship in a captively-housed, indoor NHP colony. Electronic health records from the Wisconsin National Primate Research Center were analyzed across a 10-y period using SAS Studio. There was an increasing pattern of sample submissions for culture and susceptibility analyses, with no corresponding increases in resistance to relevant antibiotics for potential zoonotic pathogens, such as Escherichia coli or Shigella species. Trends are suggestive of appropriate antimicrobial stewardship practices that were responsive to the medical needs of Wisconsin National Primate Research Center animals, as well as the needs of the larger research community at the University of Wisconsin–Madison. These findings can inform veterinary professionals working with NHPs and contribute to the growing body of literature surrounding AMR in nontraditional species.
Using SHERPA screening tool for design and assessment of local and regional air quality management

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract As atmospheric pollution continue to be a significant issue on global level, but with a particular importance at European Union level, the air pollution reduction policies will continue to be enforced in the next decades. At EU level, especially on most developed countries, NO2 and Particulate Matter (fine and coarse fractions) remain an acute problem. To help decision factors to have a better view on entire EU region the SHERPA (Screening for High Emission Reduction Potentials on Air quality) was developed, a tool that was proven helpful in addressing source allocation, governance and the assessment of scenario impacts.
Migrants' entrepreneurship in transnational social fields: research in the Italian context

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The aim of the article is to analyse the development of transnational economic activities run by migrants in Northern Italy. It is based on qualitative empirical research conducted in the three most important cities in northern Italy: Milan, Genoa, and Turin. The article describes different kinds of transnational economic activity, identifying the subject of transnational transactions; the main clients (immigrant population or native population); the goods or services exchanged and their transnational impact; the expected social effects; and their positioning on a scale of transnational involvement. The empirical cases considered are overland courier services on routes from Milan to Eastern Europe, shops owned by immigrants who offer ‘ethnic’ products in Milan and Genoa, and phone centres run by immigrants in Turin. In the conclusion, the reactions of the receiving society and the question of public regulation are examined.
Estimation of Acceleration factor for Tracking Test Machine and Loop type Precast Deck

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

교량 위를 지나는 차량하중에 의한 동적영향을 파악하기 위하여 바닥판을 프리캐스트로 제작하여 루프이음으로 연결한 단순교의 영향을 실험적으로 분석하였다. 그 중 시간이력해석 및 동적해석의 기초자료가 되는 가속도를 파악하여 분석하므로 실동차량에 대한 구조물의 동적응답을 통하여 국부적 영향과 특히 이동질량의 동적영향을 파악하는데 매우 중요한 실험이 됨을 알 수 있었다. This Paper presented in the behavior of Loop connected Precast panels under the Tracking machine with real truck tire. For this purpose a wheel tracking machine and adequate precast concrete deck single span bridge are designed. For the purpose of dynamic behavior in the precast panels, at first we take moving vehicle's longitudinal displacement data. and make estimated acceleration factor for test specimen. Results presented in this paper show that interaction between vehicle and structure produce additional dynamic effects of structure and various motion of traffic loading cases on the deck.
ER stress in skeletal muscle remodeling and myopathies

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Skeletal muscle is a highly plastic tissue in the human body that undergoes extensive adaptation in response to environmental cues, such as physical activity, metabolic perturbation, and disease conditions. The endoplasmic reticulum ( ER ) plays a pivotal role in protein folding and calcium homeostasis in many mammalian cell types, including skeletal muscle. However, overload of misfolded or unfolded proteins in the ER lumen cause stress, which results in the activation of a signaling network called the unfolded protein response ( UPR ). The UPR is initiated by three ER transmembrane sensors: protein kinase R‐like endoplasmic reticulum kinase, inositol‐requiring protein 1α, and activating transcription factor 6. The UPR restores ER homeostasis through modulating the rate of protein synthesis and augmenting the gene expression of many ER chaperones and regulatory proteins. However, chronic heightened ER stress can also lead to many pathological consequences including cell death. Accumulating evidence suggests that ER stress‐induced UPR pathways play pivotal roles in the regulation of skeletal muscle mass and metabolic function in multiple conditions. They have also been found to be activated in skeletal muscle under catabolic states, degenerative muscle disorders, and various types of myopathies. In this article, we have discussed the recent advancements toward understanding the role and mechanisms through which ER stress and individual arms of the UPR regulate skeletal muscle physiology and pathology.
Country-level relationship of OTC medicine consumption and frequency of GP consultation

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The discussion surrounding self-medication with non-prescription medicines has gained significance in healthcare and public health, particularly given the global increase in consumption of non-prescription drugs. Currently, there is a lack of evidence regarding the relationship between people’s propensity to seek medical consultation and consumption of over-the-counter (OTC) medicines. This study aimed to examine the association between the frequency of general practitioner (GP) consultations and the proportion of economic resources spent on OTC medicine. We conducted a correlation analysis between the mean number of GP consultations in a 4-week period and the ratio of non-prescription medicine market sales per capita to GDP per capita of 19 European countries. Additionally, universal health coverage (UHC) service coverage indices were used to contextualize healthcare provision in each country. Based on past studies, we hypothesized that GP consultations would negatively correlate with consumption of OTC medicine. We found a weakly positive Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, although this result was not statistically significant (rs = 0.22, p = 0.37). The lack of statistically significant correlation may reflect differences in characteristics of health care provision across countries. Overall, this study points out the importance of considering diverse aspects of a country's healthcare landscape in making country-level comparisons to support healthcare policy.