jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Igniting statewide mathematics re‐design: A cross‐sector, grassroots approach

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Mathematics continues to be one of the most significant barriers to student success, particularly in the community college sector. Many students are placed into the algebra‐based track, which is often viewed as the “safe” or most desirable option, when they likely would have been better served in an alternative mathematics pathway more closely aligned to their academic and career goals. However, transformative mathematics re‐design that moves away from the default algebra pathway and traditional content and delivery of instruction is best facilitated by a cross‐sector, faculty‐driven approach to create scalable change to increase student success in mathematics. This chapter highlights the efforts of the Florida Student Success Center in driving statewide mathematics reform and creating distinct statewide mathematics pathways using a grassroots approach driven by experts in the K‐12, college, and university sectors. Practical insight and guidance are provided using Loverme and Kotter's (2019) 8‐Step change process framework.
Initial 30 seconds of the 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku Earthquake (M w 9.0)—amplitude and τ c for magnitude estimation for Earthquake Early Warning—

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

We analyzed the waveforms of the mainshock (Mw 9.0) and three foreshocks of the 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku Earthquake during the initial 30 s after P-wave onset to determine the maximum amplitudes of acceleration, velocity, and displacement, and τc (the period parameter of the waveform). The amplitudes for the Mw 9.0 event were quite small for the first several seconds, as small as those of the Mw 6 foreshocks, and the τc value was also as small as those of the foreshocks. For the first 30 s, the amplitude of the Mw 9.0 event was larger than that of the Mw 7.3 foreshock whereas τc was smaller. These results suggest that it is difficult to determine the eventual magnitude for very large earthquakes from the initial several seconds, that an updating procedure is important for Earthquake Early Warning using ongoing waveforms, and that τc might not be reliable for magnitude estimation at least for the main shock.
Biological effect of ultrafine particles of silicon dioxide and amino acid complex on the body of carp

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Preparations of ultrafine particles of metals-trace elements due to their properties: high biological activity and pronounced productive action can become an integral component of highly productive diets in feeding farm animals. Currently, there are no physiologically sound recommendations for the use of ultrafine particles of silicon dioxide (SiO2) in fish feeding, unlike poultry and animal husbandry. The article presents the results of studies of the effect of ultrafine SiO2 particles with a diameter of 388 ±117 nm, in dosages of 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg of feed and a complex of essential amino acids: arginine with a dose of 25 g/kg of feed, methionine 10 g/kg and lysine 21 g/kg, both separately and combined on productivity and hematological indicators of carp. An increase in the live weight of experimental fish was recorded against the background of the introduction of ultrafine SiO2 particles by 10.2-14.1% compared with the control group. The inclusion of a complex of amino acids in the diet of carp separately and combined with ultrafine particles of silicon dioxide revealed practically no significant differences compared to the control during the entire experiment. In groups with ultrafine SiO2 particles, a significant increase in the level of hemoglobin, erythrocytes, hematocrit, leukocytes, total protein, iron was found, which is associated with an increase in metabolic processes in the body and, as a consequence, an increase in the intensity of fish growth.
Photochemical CO<sub>2</sub>‑to-Formate/CO\nConversion Catalyzed by Half-Metallocene Ir(III) Catalyst and Its\nMechanistic Investigation

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The\ncatalytic efficacy of photochemical CO<sub>2</sub> reduction\nby the bipyridyl (bpy) half-metallocene Ir­(III) complex, [Cp*Ir­(bpy)­Cl]<sup>+</sup>, was evaluated in both homogeneous and heterogeneous manners.\nThe catalyst and photosensitizer were modified in order to be commonly\nengaged in each system, [Cp*Ir­(4,4′-Y<sub>2</sub>-bpy)­Cl]<sup>+</sup> (<b>Cp*IrPE</b>, Y = CH<sub>2</sub>PO­(OEt)<sub>2</sub>; <b>Cp*IrP</b>, Y = CH<sub>2</sub>PO­(OH)<sub>2</sub>) and\n[Ir­(C<sup>∧</sup>N)<sub>2</sub>(4,4′-Y<sub>2</sub>-bpy)]<sup>+</sup> (<b>IrPE</b>, C<sup>∧</sup>N = 1-phenylisoquinoline,\nY = CH<sub>2</sub>PO­(OEt)<sub>2</sub>; <b>IrP</b>, Y = CH<sub>2</sub>PO­(OH)<sub>2</sub>), respectively. This modification rendered\nthe mixed homogeneous or heterogeneous ternary hybrid system, <b>IrPE</b> + <b>Cp*IrPE</b> or <b>IrP</b>/TiO<sub>2</sub>/<b>Cp*IrP</b>, respectively, from which the catalytic performance\nof the half-metallocene Ir­(III) was assessed. The mixed homogeneous\nsystem (<b>IrPE</b> + <b>Cp*IrPE</b>) produced formate\nas a major CO<sub>2</sub> reduction product with a maximal turnover\nnumber (TON) of ∼800 for 48 h. In contrast, the heterogeneous\nternary hybrid (<b>IrP</b>/TiO<sub>2</sub>/<b>Cp*IrP</b>) yielded both CO and formate with 16.7 vol % TEOA additive (TON<sub>CO/formate</sub> > 560 for 100 h), reflecting the idea that two\ndifferent\ncatalytic routes for CO<sub>2</sub> reduction exist. The mechanistic\ninvestigations along with electrochemical and photophysical studies\nsuggest that the homogeneous catalysis involves Cp*Ir<sup>III</sup>–H intermediate for formate production, while the heterogeneous\ncatalysis undergoes multiple electron transfer pathways involving\nthe energy lowering of the bipyridine ligand as it is anchored onto\nthe electron-withdrawing <i>n</i>-type TiO<sub>2</sub> support.
Two types of febrile seizure: anoxic (syncopal) and epileptic mechanisms differentiated by oculocardiac reflex

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The duration of cardiac asystole induced by ocular compression was measured in 100 consecutive children referred for electroencephalographic examination after one or more febrile convulsions (FC). The children were classified into three groups—namely, those with anoxic FCs, those with epileptic FCs, and “others”—according to the appearances of the FC and the electroencephalogram (EEG). In 14 children the description of the FC suggested non-epileptic anoxic cerebral seizures such as are seen after prolonged syncope or breath-holding. In 35 children the FCs were assumed to be epileptic in mechanism on the basis of unilateral (hemiclonic) twitching, known cerebral disease, a family history of epilepsy, or spikes on the EEG. In the 51 “others” the FCs could not be classified. Definitely abnormal asystole (four seconds or over) was induced by ocular compression in half the anoxic group, in 16% of the “others,” but in none of the epileptic group. The differences between the degree of asystole induced in each of the three groups was highly significant (P=0·005). These results support the hypothesis that vagal-mediated cerebral ischaemic anoxia is implicated in the genesis of FCs that resemble anoxic seizures and in a substantial number of those without an obvious epileptic mechanism. The significance, genetics, management, and prognosis of FCs must now be re-examined in this light.
Silicon-based microscale-oscillating heat pipes for high power and high heat flux operation

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Microscale-oscillating heat pipes (micro-OHPs) have recently drawn interest for electronic cooling applications due to their compact size and passive operating mechanism. The occurrence of dryout in OHPs, however, at which the working liquid no longer wets the evaporator, limits the maximum operating cooling power, preventing their integration for direct cooling of high heat flux semiconductor chips. Here, we report on high power and high flux operation of silicon-based OHPs by using microchannels with hydraulic diameters of ∼200 μm. Particularly, a micro-OHP with 100 μm channel height is shown to effectively operate at 210 W using a dielectric working fluid, corresponding to an unprecedented cooling power density of 145 W/cm2, without dryout. A distinctive oscillating mode with highly periodic bulk circulations occurs at high heating power and can provide efficient heat dissipation. The flow speed of the liquid under this bulk circulation mode can be as high as 10 m/s. The empirical relationships between the heat transfer rate, oscillating frequency, and device temperatures are studied.
Minor Head Injury: 13 Is an Unlucky Number

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

From the Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Submitted for publication November 7, 2000. Accepted for publication December 21, 2000. Address for reprints: Sherman C. Stein, MD, 310 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19106; E-mail: [email protected].
Higher Order Neural Networks with Bayesian Confidence Measure for the Prediction of the EUR/USD Exchange Rate

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Multi-Layer Perceptrons (MLP) are the most common type of neural network in use, and their ability to perform complex nonlinear mappings and tolerance to noise in data is well documented. However, MLPs also suffer long training times and often reach only local optima. Another type of network is Higher Order Neural Networks (HONN). These can be considered a ‘stripped-down’ version of MLPs, where joint activation terms are used, relieving the network of the task of learning the relationships between the inputs. The predictive performance of the network is tested with the EUR/USD exchange rate and evaluated using standard financial criteria including the annualized return on investment, showing a 8% increase in the return compared with the MLP. The output of the networks that give the highest annualized return in each category was subjected to a Bayesian based confidence measure. This performance improvement may be explained by the explicit and parsimonious representation of high order terms in Higher Order Neural Networks, which combines robustness against noise typical of distributed models, together with the ability to accurately model higher order interactions for long-term forecasting. The effectiveness of the confidence measure is explained by examining the distribution of each network’s output. We speculate that the distribution can be taken into account during training, thus enabling us to produce neural networks with the properties to take advantage of the confidence measure.
Institutional aspects of the implementation of sustainable development concepts in the functioning of agribusiness subjects

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The modern state of institutional regulation of the agricultural sector and rural areas of Ukraine, there are many problematic aspects in national practice. These are land reform and the realization of the right to own land, the existing disparity in price relations, the infrastructure of the agricultural market, the low level of socio-economic development of rural areas, the lack of systematic institutional transformations of the industry and the limited scope of their financial, investment and information support. In European practice, institutional support for the implementation of the sustainable development strategy is realized through the following main principles: commitment, coordination, participation (partnership), financial support, knowledge, constant monitoring, continuity. The actual and prospective volumes of financing transformations in the direction of sustainable development are also characterized by large sizes. In accordance with domestic and European experience, the main components of institutional support for the implementation of sustainable development concepts for domestic agribusiness have been determined: policy-legal support, intellectual and personnel assets, investment, technical, technological and innovative potential, permanent and full financial support, environmental component, the mechanism of administration and formation of conditions for the development of sustainable agribusiness, state and private-partner support, information and advisory support and a system of standards reporting on sustainable development. The system of components of institutional support for the implementation of sustainable development concepts should be supplemented with components of intra-corporate institutional support, the implementation of which should be based, first of all, on the understanding, perception and implementation in practical activities of the values, motivators and goals of sustainable development common to all agribusiness participants. The scientific novelty of the research results is the systematization and addition of a set of components of institutional support for the implementation of sustainable development concepts of business entities in the agrarian sector. Keywords: agribusiness, sustainable development, business entities, institutional support, rural areas, sustainable development goals, European experience.
Amphibian Diversity and Species Composition in Relation to Habitat Type and Alteration in the Mache–Chindul Reserve, Northwest Ecuador

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract: Amphibians are facing extinctions worldwide as a result of numerous factors. Habitat alteration has long been implicated in the loss of biodiversity; however, we still do not know how different animal assemblages respond to habitat alteration. To investigate the impacts of anthropogenic habitat alteration on diversity, we studied amphibian assemblages across different habitats in the Chocó rainforest of northwest Ecuador. Amphibian diversity was estimated using intensive surveys along transects in primary and altered (historically logged) forest and riparian habitats, as well as along roads with varying levels of ongoing human activity. Our results suggest an interaction between habitat type and alteration on the diversity and composition of amphibian assemblages. Amphibian assemblages along rivers were the richest as well as the least impacted by habitat alteration. In addition, riparian zones harbored amphibian assemblages distinct from other habitat types, including rare and endangered species. Diversity and species richness were lower in secondary than in primary forest, suggesting that amphibian assemblages in interior forest habitat may be more vulnerable to alterations caused by logging. These findings suggest that amphibian assemblages in different habitat types (i.e., riparian vs. interior forest) may vary in vulnerability to habitat alteration. We discuss these findings in relation to land management plans that promote amphibian diversity in northwest Ecuador and recognize a good potential indicator species, Oophaga sylvatica, for identifying pristine habitat.
CISG and the Unification of International Trade Law

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Pushing the boundaries between domestic and unified laws, this book explores the differences between unification and harmonization. Bruno Zeller provides a critical examination of the Convention for the International Sale of Goods (CISG), the advances of international jurisprudence and the role of domestic courts, in order to consider whether unification is merely a myth or a reality. Describing the salient features of unification and harmonization and using the CISG as a vehicle to test unification attempts, this volume touches on controversial points and fosters debates upon efforts to unify laws in discrete areas. It examines the assumption that the creation of a convention introduces a uniform law, which then contributes to the harmonization of international laws. Provocative, this is a must read for postgraduates and researchers studying and working in the fields of comparative and international trade law.
Virus–Host Interactions in Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Infection

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious disease of cloven-hoofed animals, which has been regarded as a persistent challenge for the livestock industry in many countries. Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is the etiological agent of FMD that can spread rapidly by direct and indirect transmission. FMDV is internalized into host cell by the interaction between FMDV capsid proteins and cellular receptors. When the virus invades into the cells, the host antiviral system is quickly activated to suppress the replication of the virus and remove the virus. To retain fitness and host adaptation, various viruses have evolved multiple elegant strategies to manipulate host machine and circumvent the host antiviral responses. Therefore, identification of virus-host interactions is critical for understanding the host defense against virus infections and the pathogenesis of the viral infectious diseases. This review elaborates on the virus-host interactions during FMDV infection to summarize the pathogenic mechanisms of FMD, and we hope it can provide insights for designing effective vaccines or drugs to prevent and control the spread of FMD and other diseases caused by picornaviruses.
Diffusion studies on phosphatidylcholine vesicles

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDiffusion studies on phosphatidylcholine vesiclesChing-Hsien. Huang and Lian-Pin. LeeCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1973, 95, 1, 234–239Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00782a042https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00782a042research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views102Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Management of myelodysplastic syndromes after failure of response to hypomethylating agents

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Hypomethylating agents (HMAs) are the standard of care for patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). However, only around 50% of patients respond to these agents, and responses tend to be transient, with loss of response frequently happening within 2 years and being associated with very poor prognosis and limited therapeutic options. Identification of patients who will respond to HMAs is challenging. Mechanisms underlying resistance to HMAs are not clear yet. Recently, absence of response has been associated with increased cell-cycle quiescence among the hematopoietic progenitor cells. There are no standard-of-care options for patients after HMA failure. However, the increasing knowledge of MDS pathogenesis has led to the development of new potential therapies, including HMAs with longer half-life and exposure, inhibition of the antiapoptotic BCL2 protein with venetoclax or inhibition of immune-checkpoint regulatory proteins such as PD-1 or CTLA-4, innate immunity and targeting of CD33/CD3 with multiple monoclonal antibodies. In addition, multiple targeted agents are opening opportunities to treat subgroups of patients whose disease harbors mutations in TP53, IDH, FLT3, and genes involved in splicing machinery. Newer formulations of intensive chemotherapy and its different combinations may be considered a valid option in selected patients after HMA failure. Finally, decision making at the time of failure of response to HMAs should be personalized, taking into account that allogenic stem-cell transplantation remains the only therapeutic approach with curative potential in these patients. In the current review, we will focus on all the above aspects.
Review: Lesley Noaks & Emma Wincup (2004). Criminological Research—Understanding Qualitative Methods / Mark R. Pogrebin (Ed.) (2003). Qualitative Approaches to Criminal Justice—Perspectives from the Field

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This review essay provides a brief intro­duction to the use of qualitative methods in crimi­nological research, before moving on to describe the content of the two books. The books are quite different in a number of ways. NOAKS and WIN­CUP take the "how to do it" approach, making the book very useful for students and researchers new to qualitative methods. In contrast, POGREBIN's edited collection provides a large number of "how it has been done" examples with an equal focus on the findings as on the methodological approach. Although both books devote space to ethical di­lemmas, the nature of the dilemmas and how they are resolved varies. This is probably due to the age of some of the chapters within POGREBIN's book (all are reprints and date back to 1973) but may also reflect different ethical stances in the USA and UK. URN: urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs0503130
Conceptual framework for personal recovery in mental health among children and adolescents: a systematic review and narrative synthesis protocol

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Introduction Personal recovery has been defined as ‘a profound personal and unique process for the individual to change their attitudes, values, feelings, goals, abilities and roles in order to achieve a satisfactory, hopeful and productive way of life, with the possible limitations of the illness’. However, research on personal recovery has focused almost exclusively on adults. This project aims to systematically review the available literature on definitions of personal recovery among children and adolescents with mental health conditions and to undertake a narrative synthesis to develop a conceptual framework of recovery. Methods and analysis Systematic review and narrative synthesis consisting (1) searching scientific literature databases, (2) handsearching, (3) citation tracking, (4) grey literature searching, (5) web-based searching and expert consultation. We will include qualitative and quantitative studies or systematic reviews providing a definition, theoretical or conceptual framework, domains or dimensions of personal recovery among eligible participants. The study will follow standard systematic review methodology for study selection and data extraction. We will assess quality of the evidence using tools appropriate for each study design. We will develop a new conceptual framework using a modified narrative synthesis approach, as follows: (1) describing eligible studies and conducting a preliminary synthesis, (2) determining relationships within and between studies and (3) determining the robustness of the synthesis. Ethics and dissemination We obtained a waiver of approval from our local Research Ethics Committee. Results will be disseminated via publications in international peer-reviewed journals and conference proceedings. This study will result in a theoretical framework that is based on an exhaustive review of the literature and the input of experts in the field of recovery. We expect that this framework will foster a better understanding of the stages and processes of recovery in children and adolescents with mental health conditions. PROSPERO registration number CRD42018064087.