jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PHYSICIAN SPECIALTY AND TREATMENT MODALITY FOR OSTEOARTHRITIS IN WOMEN 65+

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Approximately 50% of individuals aged 65 or older reported to have osteoarthritis (OA). Despite evidence of ineffective management of OA, opioids are a common pharmacological treatment. In 2015, 63.1% of drug overdoses involved an opioid and approximately 2 million persons had an opioid addiction associated with these prescriptions. More conservative treatment is available as physical therapy demonstrates reduced pain and improved function. This study examined OA treatment referral patterns in ambulatory care setting by physician specialty (orthopedic vs. primary care). This study was a pooled cross-sectional retrospective study of patient-physician visits using nationally representative data from the NAMCS from 2011–2015. Patients with a diagnosis of osteoarthritis were included (mean age 74.9 years; 47% White), resulting in a weighted sample of approximately 30,117,645 patient-physician encounters. Overall, approximately 82% percent of patients received an opioid referall while only 16% received a referral to physical therapy. A series of logit regressions revealed primary care specialists were 1.7 times more likely than orthopedic surgeon specialists to prescribe opioids as treatment. Orthopedic surgery specialists were 15 times more likely than primary care specialists to refer to physical therapy. Controlling for prescriber characteristics and patient characteristics, results suggest that orthopedic specialists are more likely to utilize physical therapy than primary care specialists and less likely to prescribe opioids to treat patients with OA. Given the opioid epidemic, physician education is crucial to ensure proper plan of care development for patients with OA. Implications of these findings and future directions of research will be discussed.
Modulation of Neutrophil-Reduced Pyridine Nucleotide Content Following Stimulation With Phorbol Myristate Acetate and Chemotactic Factors

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Modulation of NAD(P)H in human neutrophils (PMN) following stimulation with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) or chemotactic factors was determined by flow cytometry. Stimulation of PMN with 1 μg/ml of PMA results in a time-dependent decrease in fluorescence, attributable to the oxidation of NAD(P)H. The decrease in fluorescence did not occur with PMN from a patient with chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) and was observed in only half of PMN from the mother of the patient. Loss of fluorescence in normal PMN was maximal following 7–15 min of stimulation with PMA. Simultaneous measurement of PMA-stimulated NAD(P)H oxidation and H2O2 production showed that NAD(P)H oxidation occurred as an all-or-none response while H2O2 production showed a graded response. These data suggest that with PMA stimulation, a threshold exists beyond which constitutive NAD(P)+ reduction is suppressed and complete oxidation of NAD(P)H occurs, while H2O2 production is proportional to the concentration of PMA. PMA-stimulated oxidation of NAD(P)H was reversible, and fluorescence returned to the initial level or higher after 40–60 min. Oxidation of NAD(P)H also occurred when cytochalasin B-treated PMN were stimulated with 25 nM C5a or 100 nM formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (f-MLP), but occurred more rapidly, peaking at 1 to 3 min. Fluorescence also returned by 5–6 min. This response to C5a and f-MLP was graded and proportional to the concentration of chemotactic factor used. Comparative studies showed that the cytochalasin-B treatment was essential for measurement of NAD(P)H oxidation, in response to C5a and F-MLP.
Review of the Present Research on Moral Education in Institutions of Higher Learning in China since the 1990s

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Research on moral education in Institutions of Higher Learning in China has thrived ever since the 1990s.Analyzed and discussed are the status and achievements of the research in this area based on the data and references from China Periodical Web and relevant documents so as to get a better comprehension of the study on moral education in Institutions of Higher Learning in China.
Simulation of Defense Distribution Region West (DDRW) Regional Freight Consolidation Center (RFCC)

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

This is a simulation analysis of the proposed mechanization design of the Regional Freight consolidation center (RFCC) at the San Joaquin site of the Defense Logistics Agency (DLA) Defense Distribution Region West (DDRW). An increase in expected workload at that site due to depot consolidation, along with the addition of consolidation and Containerization Point (CCP) functions to the RFCC, has caused extensive changes to the design. The purpose of this analysis was to evaluate the mechanization design, identify any design problems, and recommend solutions or possible improvements. Three major areas of concern were identified in the analysis. First, expected value analysis showed two automated guided vehicles (AGVs) could not handle the workload from the palletization stations. The AGV path was redesigned to allow four vehicles. The second problem was inadequate throughout capacity at parcel data collection. Expected value and simulation analysis of this area indicated the number of workstations should be increased from six to nine. The third area of concern involved the assignment of lines to customers on the main carton sorter. The simulation demonstrated that how this assignment was made was critical to the efficient operation of the sortation system. Therefore, the person making these assignments must be well trained and decision aids should be developed to support this critical task.
Neoatherosclerosis in the stent

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Achievements of interventional cardiology in the treatment of coronary artery disease are based on coronary balloon angioplasty with implanting bare metal stents and drug eluting stents. Questions of complications such as early stent thrombosis and restenosis of stent were solved in a considerable degree. However, with the lengthening of the followup period, the problem of late complications became obvious. Except endothelization and fibromuscular proliferation in stented coronary arteries the process of plaque formation has an important influence on later complications in follow-up period more than one year. This process was defined as neoatherosclerosis. This is verified by clinical manifestations of the disease, histological studies, angioscopy, intravascular ultrasound and optical-coherence tomography in stented patients. Dynamic observation of the condition in stentedcoronary arteries showed multistep proliferation with restenosis, its regression, and neoatherosclerosis development. Evidences of neoatherosclerosis formation in stented coronary arteries are considered in this review.
Climatic effects on sugarcane ripening under the influence of cultivars and crop age

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The lack of information about the effects of cultivars, crop age and climate on the sugarcane (Saccharum ssp.) crop yield and quality has been the primary factor impacting the sugar-ethanol sector in Brazil. One of the processes about which we do not have a satisfactory understanding is sugarcane ripening and the effects of cultivars, crop age and climate on that. Sugarcane ripening is the process of sucrose accumulation in stalks, which is heavily influenced by several factors, mainly by climatic conditions such as air temperature and water deficits. Because it is a complex process, studies of the variables involved in sugarcane ripening can provide important information, resulting in a better use of commercial cultivars, bringing advantages to growers, processing units, breeding programs and scientific community. In this review, we discuss the available knowledge of the interaction between climate conditions and sugarcane ripening, under the influence of genotypic characteristics and crop age. In several studies, the main conclusion is that sugarcane ripening depends on a complex combination of climate variables, the genetic potential of cultivars and crop management. Soil moisture and air temperature are the primary variables involved in sugarcane ripening, and their combination stimulates the intensity of the process. In addition, the need for studies integrating the effects of climate on plant physiological processes and on the use of chemical agents to stimulate sugarcane ripening is highlighted.
Antipeptide antibody against the human low-density-lipoprotein receptor. Characterization and cross-reactivity with bovine lymphocytes

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

A dodecapeptide corresponding to the external N-terminal sequence of the human low-density-lipoprotein (LDL) receptor was synthesized. Antibodies raised in rabbits against the peptide were purified and were shown to react specifically with the peptide and with human LDL receptor of fibroblasts, HeLa cells and lymphocytes using binding studies and immunoblotting. By indirect immunogold analysis, antibodies bound to the LDL receptor of human lymphocytes could be revealed as clusters. Anti-receptor peptide immunoglobulins specifically bound to the human HeLa cell's LDL receptor with a lower affinity than LDL (Kd x 3). The anti-receptor peptide immunoglobulins and 125I-labelled-LDL competed with each other for the LDL-receptor sites. Antibodies failed to react with lymphocytes of subjects with the homozygous form of familial hypercholesterolaemia. Cross-reactivity with the dodecapeptide of the bovine LDL receptor was limited, but this cross-reactivity was confirmed by the binding of anti-receptor peptide immunoglobulins to the LDL receptor from bovine lymphocytes.
Changes in Bladder Function in the One Year Spontaneously Diabetic BB Rat

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Micturition characteristics and in vitro urinary bladder function were investigated in insulin-treated spontaneously diabetic BB rats and age-matched non-diabetic controls one year after the onset of diabetes. BB rats weighed less than controls and were hyperglycemic. Diabetic rats consumed larger volumes of water and excreted larger volumes of urine than controls. The frequency of micturitions and the mean volumes of urine excreted per micturition were significantly increased in BB rats compared to age-matched controls. Associated with the micturition changes in the BB rats were significant increases in bladder body mass. Contractile responses of strips from bladder bodies and bases were measured in response to nerve stimulation, carbachol, phenylephrine, ATP, and KCl. No significant differences between controls and diabetics were found in the absolute contractile responses of bladder body strips to nerve stimulation, carbachol, ATP, or KCl. However, if the data were transformed to correct for the increases in tissue mass in the diabetics, there were significant decreases in the responses of bladder body strips from BB rats to carbachol, ATP, and KCl, but not to nerve stimulation. Even after transformation, there were no differences in the responses of bladder base strips to carbachol, phenylephrine, or KCl. The data indicate that significant changes in micturition characteristics are evident one year after the onset of diabetes in the spontaneously diabetic BB rat. These changes are slow in development, since they are absent six months after the onset of diabetes. The changes in micturition and bladder strip contractility are qualitatively similar to, but quantitatively modest in comparison with those caused by streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus. The quantitative differences are probably attributable to an ameliorative effect of the insulin received by the BB rat.
Dietary Fibre in the Diabetic Diet

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT. The diabetic diet is still in its developing stage. The functions of the different fiber fractions is inadequately known. Today, we recommend the diabetic patient to have a high carbohydrate intake such as increasing the intake of starchy foods with higher fiber context. For example eating whole meal bread instead of white bread, eating fruits instead of drinking juice etc. It is also wise to increase fiber content in the diet by choosing high fiber content foods than to use supplements or fiber medications. With a high fiber diet, the diabetic patients can eventually decrease their insulin or tablet medication.
A high SMSR dual-wavelength linear-cavity Er-doped laser based on AWG as a comber filter and demultiplexer

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A novel high SMSR dual-wavelength erbium-doped fiber laser operating in C-band is proposed and successfully demonstrated. Based on Arrayed-Waveguide Gratings (A WGs) as a comber filter and demultiplexer, the fiber laser retrieve the optical side-mode suppression ratio (SMSR) of 53dB and the output powers of-10.45dBm and-10.20dBm at the wavelengths 1554.87nm and 1555.65nm, respectively. The mode spacing of the dual-wavelength fiber laser is nearly 0.8 nm. The laser can operate in stable narrow-line-width with single- and dual-wavelength output at room temperature.
Utilizing AI in Business and Entrepreneurship: Implications for Complex Decision‐Making in Engineering and Product Development Settings

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

ABSTRACT Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming decision‐making in business and entrepreneurship, with particularly significant implications for engineering and product development. This paper reviews existing literature and theoretical models to elucidate AI's role in strategic decision‐making, while also identifying critical gaps in current research. To gain a comprehensive perspective, we employed a mixed‐methods approach comprising surveys of 105 industry professionals and semi‐structured interviews with key stakeholders. Our findings indicate that, although AI integration improves operational efficiency and enhances strategic insights, challenges related to data privacy, ethical concerns, and workforce training persist. These results underscore the need for balanced human–AI collaboration and robust governance frameworks to fully realize AI's potential in complex decision‐making environments.
Impact of entrepreneurial skills on the firm's performance: evidence from manufacturing SMEs in India

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Several studies show that most small and medium businesses fail within their first five years. Although the role of factors such as access to funds and culture has been widely studied, the influence of owner/manager practices and capabilities have generally been ignored. This study has empirically tested a framework identifying the causal links among personal skills, entrepreneurial skills, business skills, and technical skills on firm’s performance based on a sample of 360 manufacturing SMEs operating in the manufacture of machinery and equipment, packaging, automobile, and metal processing in India. Test of hypothesis indicate that personal skills, business skills and technical skills were positively related to the firm’s performance of SMEs, whereas, entrepreneurial skills were not positively related to firm’s performance of SMEs.
Overall assessment of the state of the coast in the Western Indian Ocean

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

This chapter offers an overall view of the state of the coast in the western Indian Ocean (WIO), by integrating the four sectorial assessments and following the Drivers – Pressures – State – Impact – Response (DPSIR) methodology. It analyses the current condition of ecosystems, resources, services and human activities and their expected evolution (state and trends) in response to root causes that drive change (drivers), further highlighting the ways these factors act on the environment and human related dependencies (pressures) and their expected outcome on the environment and livelihoods (impacts). Human societies adapt by acting on the drivers and pressures (responses) to mitigate impacts, aiming to maintain state of the environment or reverse negative trends. This chapter further condenses and provides sectorial recommendations.
The Role of Faculty Members in the Internationalization of Medical Universities of Iran

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Introduction: The internationalization of higher education has been identified as a priority and necessity for universities in the country. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of faculty members in internationalization of medical universities in Iran. Methods: In this qualitative study using grounded theory through literature review and semi-structured interviews with 20 experts, the role of faculty members was identified and a questionnaire by 124 experts with qualitative theory was used. Structural equation modeling analysis method was determined. Result: Four factors were identified as individual competencies, teaching and research activities, empowerment and teacher mobility along with 28 indicators. Based on the first and second order factor analysis. The indexes of fitness measurement of final model showed that Chi-square ratio to the degree of freedom (CMIN/DF) equals 2.092. Furthermore, the value of the index of square root of reminder squares mean (RMSE(, equals 0.54. The value of goodness of fit index (GFI), adjusted goodness of fit index (AGFI), correlation of fit index (CFI), normalized fit index of Bentler Bonette (NNFI), fit index of Toker – Loise (TLI), increased fit index (IFI), and relative fit index (RFI) in the presented model is higher than 90%, so the data of this study fit the factor structure of this scale. Conclusion: Faculty members play a key role in the internationalization of medical universities in Iran, and university management should facilitate the process of internationalization through organizational support, participatory management, and investment through professors.
“Et le moyen plain de paine et tristesse”: Solution, Symbology, and Context in Ockeghem's “Prenez sur moi”

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

For five hundred years, scholars, theorists, and performers have searched for solutions to the puzzles encoded in Ockeghem's “Prenez sur moi.” Most of the literature to date has concentrated on the opening pitches and matters of mode. Much less attention has been paid either to the text or to the illumination found in the sole surviving contemporary source, the Copenhagen Chansonnier. This article explores connections among text, music, and illumination in an attempt to go beyond prescriptions for performance and instead to explain what the canon might have meant to Ockeghem and his contemporaries. In particular, Ockeghem seems to have drawn on the line “et le moyen plain de paine et tristesse” (and the middle full of pain and sorrow) as inspiration for a series of complex references to center, symmetry, and mirror image in the canon’s musical structure and solmization. The illumination in the Copenhagen Chansonnier also appears to participate in these references, as well as to demonstrate connections to other aspects of medieval French court culture, in particular the Roman de la rose and astrology/astronomy. Further, Ockeghem's explorations of center, symmetry, and mirror image allow us to posit that “Prenez sur moi” may be construed as a musical labyrinth.
Apo- and Antagonist-Binding\nStructures of Vitamin\nD Receptor Ligand-Binding Domain Revealed by Hybrid Approach Combining\nSmall-Angle X‑ray Scattering and Molecular Dynamics

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Vitamin D receptor\n(VDR) controls the expression of numerous genes\nthrough the conformational change caused by binding 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin\nD<sub>3</sub>. Helix 12 in the ligand-binding domain (LBD) is key\nto regulating VDR activation. The structures of apo VDR-LBD and the\nVDR-LBD/antagonist complex are unclear. Here, we reveal their unprecedented\nstructures in solution using a hybrid method combining small-angle\nX-ray scattering and molecular dynamics simulations. In apo rat VDR-LBD,\nhelix 12 is partially unraveled, and it is positioned around the canonical\nactive position and fluctuates. Helix 11 greatly bends toward the\noutside at Q396, creating a kink. In the rat VDR-LBD/antagonist complex,\nhelix 12 does not generate the activation function 2 surface, and\nloop 11–12 is remarkably flexible compared to that in the apo\nrat VDR-LBD. On the basis of these structural insights, we propose\na “folding-door model” to describe the mechanism of\nagonism/antagonism of VDR-LBD.
Does Student Crowdsourcing of Practice Questions and Animations Lead to Good Quality Materials?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Experiments in Student Crowdsourcing of Practice Question and Animation CreationModern, web-native textbooks use practice questions and animations to improve studentperformance. Practice questions help student’s learn and digest written material.Animations visually explain concepts. However, creating practice questions andanimations is time intensive. Educational content has been crowdsourced by Wikipediaand Khan Academy using content creators and raters. Content creators produce newcontent; raters sort the content by quality.This paper investigates whether student crowdsourcing can develop good-quality practicequestions and animations. We conducted four experiments to determine whether studentscan: (1) create good-quality practice questions, (2) reliably rate practice questions, (3)create good-quality animations, and (4) reliably rate animations. Experiments (1) and (2)contained 25 participants from an introductory embedded systems course (IES), andexperiments (3) and (4) contained a total of 587 participants from a basic computingcourse (BCC). IES students created 90 practice questions, each rated from 1 to 5 (5 isbest) by a professor. Using the same rating scale, the professor also rated the 19 student-voted-best BCC-student-made animations.4 of the 90 practice questions achieved a rating of 4; none achieved 5. 2 of the 19 BCCstudent-made animations rated by the professor achieved 5. For practice questions, theaverage of the top 20% of student ratings was strongly correlated with the professorrating with R-value = 0.82 (p-value = 0.02). For animations, the average of the top 10%of student ratings was strongly correlated with the professor ratings with R-value = 0.88(p-value < 0.001).Students can reliably rate practice questions and animations. Some students can makegood-quality animations, but students cannot make good-quality practice questions.
Application of DNA Microarray Technology for Wastewater Analysis

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

DNA microarrays are widely used for differential expression studies and for detection of virulence genes in pure bacterial cultures. Their use in complex microbial samples such as soil or wastewater has been relatively less studied. This Report presents the results of a systematic effort to apply DNA microarrays to pathogen detection and to bacterial source tracking (BST) in wastewater. Parameters such as the method of DNA extraction from the samples, the type of immobilized probe (whether PCR amplicons or oligonucleotides), the length and method of immobilization of oligonucleotides, the method of DNA labelling, the combination of PCR amplification with microarray hybridization and the choice of PCR targets have been optimized. Results indicate that the combination of PCR followed by microarray hybridization can detect pathogens in wastewater samples down to a 0.1% detection limit.This title belongs to WERF Research Report SeriesISBN: 9781780404356 (eBook)ISBN: 9781843397274 (Print)