jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The impact of strategic capabilities in achieving sustainable competitive advantage

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The research aims at the impact of strategic capabilities as an independent variable through its dimensions (technical knowledge to build value, the ability to generate and own resources, and the technology used) on the sustainable competitive advantage as a dependent variable and its dimensions (Cost, quality, delivery, flexibility) The research topics are among the current issues aimed at helping companies discover and build strategic capabilities that support the researched company in a confrontation between competing companies and the ability of the studied company to stabilize and ensure success, excellence and creativity. The researchers used the questionnaire as the primary tool for collecting Data related to the selection of a random sample of (95) respondents to analyze and display the responses of the sample members and their perceptions of the study variables and their sub-dimensions and to test the study hypotheses using descriptive and inferential statistical methods, as well as the use of field observations and personal interviews as aids in data collection. The researchers relied on statistical programs (16. SPSS V.25, Excel V) in processing and analyzing data by using the most appropriate statistical methods. The researchers reached a set of results, the most important of which is the existence of a relationship and the effect of the correlation between the independent variable, strategic capabilities and its dimensions, and the dependent variable, the sustainable competitive advantage and its dimensions. This means that sustainable competitive advantages derive the ingredients for achieving them from the components of the services provided by the researched company. Whenever the research sample companies possess the technical knowledge to build value in the presentation in delivering products and services to customers, whenever they can achieve sustainable competitive advantages within their work environment.
3PC-013 Pharmaceutical compounding in paediatric patch testing: are we sure about the actual active ingredient concentration?

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Background and importance

Large diferences in active ingredient concentrations (AI) in drug patch tests, as a result of the drug source chosen, signify the need for further studies to ensure the quality of the preparations.

Aim and objectives

To analyse the variability of the resulting AI concentrations in paediatric patch tests, according to the commercialised forms (CFs) used.

Material and methods

A review of the recommendations for drug patch tests preparation was carried out using PubMed. For the Allergy Department requested compounds, when no pure drug was commercially available, the CFs were used instead. In the latter case, following Spanish Society of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (SEAIC) recommendations, the CF weights were used, rather than their AI content, to obtain the prescribed drug concentration in the compounds. Finally, the actual AI concentration in each compound was calculated.

Results

The SEAIC and the European Society of Contact Dermatitis recommendations were followed, whenever possible, using the pure drug, and when this was not available, resorting to the CF. Eight drugs were diluted by the Pharmacy Department at different concentrations in petrolatum. The only drugs whose manufacturers provided the pure drug were amoxicillin and doxycycline. When diluting the content of the capsules of phenoxymethylpenicillin potassium at 10%, the AI concentration obtained was 8%; however, when using the oral powder it was 1.4%. The same thing happened when diluting tablets of cefuroxime at 20%, namely the AI concentration obtained was 11%, while if using the oral powder it was 1.2%. For ampicillin at 5%, using the capsules the AI concentration obtained was 4.25%. When preparing brivaracetam at 30% and rufinamide at 3%, using the available tablets the AI concentrations obtained were 5.34% and 1.63%, respectively. However, when diluting the capsules of ethosuximide at 20%, the AI concentration obtained was 15.8%.

Conclusion and relevance

The actual AI concentrations in the compounds vary depending on the CF used.Using the CF with the lowest amount of excipients allows one to obtain AI concentrations closer to those usually proposed by scientific societies. The results obtained demonstrate the need to establish protocols with the Allergy Department in order to standardise the preparation and thereby assure quality and security in paediatric patch testing.

References and/or acknowledgements

Conflict of interest

No conflict of interest
Different prednisolone pharmacokinetics in Cushingoid and non-Cushingoid kidney transplant patients.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Prednisolone pharmacokinetics have been compared in 16 Cushingoid and 46 non-Cushingoid long term kidney transplant recipients. The Cushingoid patients had a significantly (p less than 0.05) higher peak concentration, a longer elimination half-time, a greater area under the time-concentration curve of total and free prednisolone, and a lower total body clearance of prednisolone. It is suggested that prednisolone pharmacodynamics may be influenced by pharmacokinetic differences, and that differences in renal function may be an important contributing factor.
Effect of anions on the spectrophotometric determination of beryllium with Chromazurol S in the presence of zephiramine

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ゼフィラミン存在下でのクロムアズロールS(CAS)によるベリリウムの吸光光度定量において,吸光度は陰イオン濃度の増加とともに減少する.そして,見掛けの錯体生成反応の平衡定数Kappの値は,陰イオン濃度の増加とともに減少する.しかし,pH5~5.7では,吸光度は陰イオン濃度の増加とともに増加し,約0.15 mol dm-3以上でほぼ一定となった.これは,吸光度に対するベリリウム(II)の加水分解による負の影響であるが,陰イオンの添加によりその影響が相殺されたものと考えられる.このように,見掛けの錯体の生成反応に陰イオンが大きな影響を及ぼすのは,CASの見掛けの酸解離定数Ka3'の値が,陰イオン濃度の増加とともに減少するためと考えられる.0.15 mol dm-3以上の陰イオンの存在下で,Kappの値は塩化物>硫酸塩,Ka3'の値は硫酸塩>塩化物,錯体の吸光度は塩化物>硫酸塩の順であった.ベリリウム定量の際は,共存陰イオンの種類と濃度は,ほぼ等しくする必要がある.
What Do CEOs Contribute to Firm Value? How Do CEOs Contribute to Firm Value?

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The question of what CEOs contribute to firm value is important for both public policy and business practice and is the subject of ongoing debate in strategic management. In the current study, we introduce the “group connection” methodology to ensure that CEO effects are identified in investigating the effects of CEOs on firm value. We also introduce a decomposition of performance into a market value channel, a leverage channel and a current earnings channel. We find that CEO effects are substantial and are the most strongly associated with firm value. CEOs have large effects on current earnings and leverage channels of organizations, but smaller effect on the market value channel.
Knowledge of educational law: an imperative to the teacher’s practice

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The nature of teaching exposes teachers to civil liabilities. In the process of teaching teachers need to discipline students who display bad behaviour. In disciplining the students, teachers use a variety of punishments including corporal punishment. Without knowledge of the legal implications of their actions, inadvertently they may find themselves on the wrong side of the law. This paper makes the argument that knowledge of educational law by teachers has now become imperative given the litigiousness of the parents and their children. Over and above the paper’s exhortation for the introduction of educational law to teacher training institutions, it also argues for the provision of in‐service courses in educational law to serving teachers as a lifelong or continuous learning endeavour. This is made following the results of a survey that revealed miniscule or no knowledge of educational law among teachers. The data for the investigation were gathered using a questionnaire survey on teachers and school administrators.
Structure of a Janus kinase cytokine receptor complex reveals the basis for dimeric activation

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Cytokines signal through cell surface receptor dimers to initiate activation of intracellular Janus kinases (JAKs). We report the 3.6-angstrom–resolution cryo–electron microscopy structure of full-length JAK1 complexed with a cytokine receptor intracellular domain Box1 and Box2 regions captured as an activated homodimer bearing the valine→phenylalanine (VF) mutation prevalent in myeloproliferative neoplasms. The seven domains of JAK1 form an extended structural unit, the dimerization of which is mediated by close-packing of the pseudokinase (PK) domains from the monomeric subunits. The oncogenic VF mutation lies within the core of the JAK1 PK interdimer interface, enhancing packing complementarity to facilitate ligand-independent activation. The carboxy-terminal tyrosine kinase domains are poised for transactivation and to phosphorylate the receptor STAT (signal transducer and activator of transcription)–recruiting motifs projecting from the overhanging FERM (four-point-one, ezrin, radixin, moesin)–SH2 (Src homology 2)-domains. Mapping of constitutively active JAK mutants supports a two-step allosteric activation mechanism and reveals opportunities for selective therapeutic targeting of oncogenic JAK signaling.
The “VH1-like” Dual-Specificity Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The number of dual-specificity protein tyrosine phosphatases has grown considerably in the last few years, and thus it would be helpful to organize these novel enzymes. The simple term "VH1-like" or "dual-specificity" phosphatase does not adequately reflect the different subclasses within this new and important phosphatase subfamily. In this article, we review the salient features of dual-specificity phosphatases and propose a novel classification scheme of these enzymes based on their structural motifs. Classification of dual-specificity phosphatases based on their motifs should serve as a useful organizational framework for bringing together this now large subgroup of phosphatases. Moreover, this classification scheme may hold predictive value, since some of these motifs may hold the key to new, undiscovered functional properties.
Comparison of ctDNA and hematologic ratios as markers of disease progression in early versus late-stage melanoma: A single-center retrospective study.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

e21539 Background: Hematologic ratios , such as the Neutrophil – Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) , Monocyte – Lymphocyte Ratio (MLR) , and Platelet – Lymphocyte Ratio (PLR) , have been associated with cancer severity. This study investigates the correlation between ctDNA and these hematologic ratios as potential markers of melanoma severity at diagnosis , comparing early – stage (Stages 1 – 3) and late – stage (Stage 4) patients. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 43 melanoma patients was conducted, with 6 patients excluded due to unclear staging and 10 excluded for missing data. The patients were grouped by disease stage (Stages 1 – 3 vs Stage 4) , and bivariate statistical tests (including t – tests and Mann – Whitney tests ) were used to compare the initial ctDNA levels and hematologic ratios , including NLR, MLR, ELR, and PLR. Data was sourced from our electronic medical record and Signatera assay to obtain the primary endpoints. Marker values were treated as continuous variables in these analyses . All analyses were executed in GraphPad Prism software. Results: Initial hematologic ratios showed significant differences between the two groups. The mean NLR was 2.77 (SD = 1.6) in Stage 1 – 3 patients, compared to 5.53 (SD = 3.0) in Stage 4 patients (p = 0.007). The mean MLR was 0.36 (SD = 0.09) in Stage 1 – 3 patients, while it was 0.61 (SD = 0.21) in Stage 4 patients (p = 0.0006). The mean PLR was 168 (SD = 87) for Stage 1 – 3 patients and 258 (SD = 128) for Stage 4 patients (p = 0.04). In contrast, ctDNA levels were not significantly different between the two groups (Stage 1 – 3: 568, SD = 1521; Stage 4: 308, SD = 1089; p = 0.3). The ELR showed no significant difference (p = 0.9). Conclusions: This study reveals that hematologic ratios such as NLR, MLR, and PLR are significantly higher in Stage 4 melanoma patients , indicating that these ratios may be more relevant markers for assessing melanoma severity at diagnosis . Although ctDNA levels did not differ significantly between stages , its role as a biomarker for melanoma severity warrants further exploration , especially for resource – limited settings . Hematologic ratios may provide valuable adjunctive information in assessing the clinical stage and disease progression in melanoma.
Aerial Dispersal of Invertebrates and Mosses Close to a Receding Alpine Glacier in Southern Norway

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The 73 km2 large Hardangerjøkulen glacier in alpine, south Norway is receding. By using sticky and fallout traps, we studied the aerial transport of invertebrates in a foreland with a well-documented succession of mites, springtails, spiders, and beetles. Since mosses are pioneer plants and also food for certain pioneer invertebrates, airborne fragments of mosses were also included in the study. Sampling on 3- to 6-year-old ground revealed aerial transport of several species of mites and springtails. During 4 weeks, the fallout of microarthropods was calculated at around 1000 specimens per m2. This number may depend strongly on local variations in climate and must be treated with care. Besides typical pioneer species, some species assumed to depend on older soil were also trapped. This indicates that the ability to survive is more limiting than the ability to disperse. A few spiders assumed to have the capability for "aerial ballooning" were trapped. Moss fragments, including bulbil diaspores, were common in both trap types. Diptera were sometimes taken numerously, and in sticky traps mainly in those facing away from the glacier. Most aerial transport occurred below 0.5 m height, and the presence of sand grains in sticky traps up to this level illustrated the mechanical force of wind transport. We conclude that aerial transport helps colonization of several non-flying pioneer organisms like mites, springtails, aphids, and mosses.
Voting Restrictions and Public Health: An Analysis of State Variation 1996–2020

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The study examines the relationship between voting restrictions and public health in the 50 American states. Using a recently developed Cost of Voting Index (COVI) as a surrogate for variance in state electoral climate the research tests for a statistical relationship while controlling for other considerations that notably influence community health outcomes. The research uses the America’s Health Rankings composite indicator of state health as the dependent variable and examines the relationship at seven points of time over a 25-year period (1996–2020). In both bivariate and multivariate tests, a robust relationship is uncovered between the COVI and overall state health. In the bivariate tests, it is possible to see changes in state COVI values, overtime, corresponding with movement in the state public health scores.
Elastic network control: An alternative to active networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Much of the recent work in network control has concentrated on opening up the network, moving away from closed, monolithic control systems. Such work can be placed into two categories: use of generic APIs, giving rise to open control of networks; and allowing packets on the datapath to program the network nodes, leading to the concept of the active network. Drawing on experience in both of these areas, this paper presents the design and implementation of a framework that enables clients to program all aspects of the network in a manageable, controllable manner. By using resource partitioning, clients are allowed to inject code into the various entities of the network's control system, subject to access control restraints. This form of programmable network is termed an elastic network and it is proposed as an alternative to current active networking approaches. The elastic network has two key advantages over open control and active networks. Firstly, the elastic network allows dynamic customization of all aspects of the network control, management and data processing components. Secondly, all customization takes place in a safe, resourcecontrolled way. This makes available the flexibility of active networks, and the resource controllability of open control networks, without imposing the attendant costs on all users of the network. Costs still exist, but their imposition is restricted to those places where the available functionality is actually used.
EFFECTS OF LEVELS OF INCLUSION OF LOCALLY PROCESSED FISH WASTE MEAL IN THE DIETS OF WHITE LEGHORN LAYERS ON PERFORMANCE PARAMETERS, HATCHABILITY, ECONOMICS, EGG PRODUCTION AND EGG QUALITY

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The study was conducted at Haramaya university poultry farm to evaluate the effects of locally processed fish waste meal (FWM) in the diet of white leghorn layers on the performance and hatchability, egg quality, sensory flavor and profitability of the rations. One hundred eighty chickens at five months of age were randomly distributed (15 layers per each 12 pens). The pens were randomly assigned with three replications for each of four experimental rations. Ninety day age dry matter intake (DMI), laying performance, egg quality of T1 (conventional layers ration with no FWM), T2 5% FWM + 10% soybean meal (SBM) + 16% wheat short (WS) + 17% noug seed cake (NSC), T3 10% FWM + 5% SBM + 8% (WS) + 16.8% (NSC), T4 15% FWM + 0% SBM + 6% wheat high (WH) + 16.7% (NSC) were considered. The chemical analysis showed that FWM contained 41.2% crude protein (CP) and 2982.04 kcal metabolizable energy (ME)/kg DM. DMI (88.6, 90.1, 89.1 and 89.2 (SEM=2.81, for T1, T2, T3 and T4, respectively) was not statistically different between the treatments. Average daily body weight (BW) gain, (SEM=0.027 g), for T1, T2, T3 and T4, respectively) was significantly lower in T2 and T4 as compared to T3. Hen-day egg production (47.8%, 54.9, 58.1 and 53.8 (SEM=1.32), egg mass (23.0 g, 28.8, 27.1 and 26.8 (SEM=0.73), for T1, T2, T3 and T4, respectively) were significantly higher in diets fed with rations containing FWM as compared to the control group. Feed efficiency ratio (0.26, 0.30, 0.30 and 0.30 (SEM=0.007), for T1, T2, T3 and T4, respectively was significantly higher for groups consumed FWM diet than the control. Eggs from hens fed with rations containing 10 and 15% FWM had moderate fishy flavor (P<0.05) as compared to those consuming the control and T2 diets. The results obtained from partial budget analysis indicated that inclusion of FWM improved the economics of egg production which is attributed to the high cost of soybean meal as compared to FWM and the better efficiency of feed utilization by FWM groups. Thus, FWM inclusion improved egg laying performance and profitability, but imparted moderate fishy flavor beyond 5% inclusion. However, when considering egg production, feed efficiency ratio, net return and egg sale to feed cost ratio, inclusion of FWM in White Leghorn diets at up to 10% is recommended.
Crashworthiness Design and Multi-Objective Optimization for Bio-Inspired Hierarchical Thin-Walled Structures

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Thin-walled structures have been used in many fields due to their superior mechanical properties. In this paper, two types of hierarchical multi-cell tubes, inspired by the self-similarity of Pinus sylvestris, are proposed to enhance structural energy absorption performance. The finite element models of the hierarchical structures are established to validate the crashworthiness performance under axial dynamic load. The theoretical model of the mean crushing force is also derived based on the simplified super folded element theory. The finite element results demonstrate that the energy absorption characteristics and deformation mode of the bionic hierarchical thin-walled tubes are further improved with the increase of hierarchical sub-structures. It can be also obtained that the energy absorption performance of corner self-similar tubes is better than edge self-similar tubes. Furthermore, multi-objective optimization of the hierarchical tubes is constructed by employing the response surface method and genetic algorithm, and the corresponding Pareto front diagram is obtained. This research provides a new idea for the crashworthiness design of thin-walled structures.
Rolling Back State Ownership in Public Enterprises in Zimbabwe

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Public Sector Reforms adopted in the 1990s obliged the state to roll back its ownership frontiers in public enterprises through sale of shares, equities and assets to the public. However,this shift raises fundamental questions on the extent to which the African state has the political will to ensure broad based ownership transfer processes. This question is particularly pertinent given that in most African countries, the state is yet to resolve the colonially inherited skewed ownership patterns.Global experiences in ownership transfers also point to disturbing cases of dilutions in indigen shareholding during and after ownership tranfers. In Zimbabwe while the issue of broad based ownership has since independence graced the national agenda, by 2000, a clear-cut ownership transfer policy and legislation was yet to emerge. Against this backdrop the book questions the extent to which ownership rolling back processes in state owned companies in Zimbabwe were sensitive to the fundamentals of broad based participation. Issues raised in this book should be useful to decision makers, policy practictioners, students of political science, development studies and public administration.
Design of a compact broadband planar spiral antenna backed by an absorbing cavity

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents a compact and unidirectional spiral antenna for broadband and circularly polarized operation. First, size reduction of the radiator using antenna miniaturization techniques is considered and explored through the application of meandering lines and resistive loading. Then in order to achieve a unidirectional radiation, the spiral antenna is backed by an absorbing cavity. The constitutive parameters of the absorbing material in the cavity are obtained via the measurement of the transmission coefficient of the material. The designed antenna was implemented and measured. The measurement results demonstrate validation of the design and realization of 50% size reduction.
Red 25, a protein that binds specifically to the sterol regulatory region in the promoter for 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

A protein that binds to the sterol regulatory region of the hamster promoter for 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase has been identified. All of the DNA bases crucial to the binding of this protein were previously shown to be essential for sterol regulation of the intact promoter in cultured cells. This low abundance protein, called Red 25, has been purified from nuclear extracts of hamster liver by a series of standard chromatographic techniques coupled with a DNA affinity step. Its size has been estimated as approximately 42 kDa by gel electrophoresis, size exclusion chromatography, and protein-DNA cross-linking studies. Furthermore, it binds to its target site with a Kd = 6 x 10(-11) M. Red 25 does not bind to the sterol regulatory regions of the LDL receptor or 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A synthase. This is consistent with recent studies that show there is a unique site for sterol regulation in the reductase promoter. The identification and purification of this protein represents a significant step in the study of feedback regulation by cholesterol.