jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Septicemia Associated with Barium Enema

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

To the Editor:—Recently, we had the opportunity in our geriatric department to treat an elderly patient with septicemia after barium enema examination. The patient, B.D., was an 80-year-old woman admitted for rehabilitation therapy. Her past history revealed recent pertrochanteric fracture of her left femur that was treated conservatively, mitral stenosis, mitral regurgitation, paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, and mild congestive heart failure. On physical examination, pertinent findings were mitral stenosis, mitral regurgitation, external rotation, and shortening of the left lower limb. Electrocardiogram disclosed normal sinus rhythm. Laboratory examination revealed hemoglobin of 10.3 g/dL. Blood smear showed hypochromic microcytic anemia. During the work up, a barium enema was administered and showed normal results. Approximately 24 hours after the examination, the patient's temperature spiked to 39.5° C. White blood count was 35900/mm3, and systolic blood pressure was 50 mm Hg. A blood culture yielded Escherichia Coli. Urine culture was negative. The patient recovered after massive treatment with broad spectrum antibiotics and large quantities of fluids. Bacteremia following barium enema is a matter of some disagreement. Le-Frock,1 in his series, demonstrated 11.4% bacteremia with enteric organisms in his patients after barium enema examination. The bacteremia was transient and persisted for less than 30 minutes. Butt2 also was able to show that the bacteremia following barium enema was transient and self-limited without serious clinical sequelae. Schimmel,3 in his series, was unable to detect any bacteremia caused by enteric organisms. In Conces et al's study,4 bacteremia caused by an enteric organism was not detected in any of the 45 patients undergoing double contrast barium enema examination. Very rare cases of septicemia following barium enema have been reported in the literature. One case of fatal septicemia was reported in a 51-year-old man with acute leukemia,5 as well as two cases of septicemia in a previously healthy 7-week-old male infant and a 64-year-old man.6,7 Minor mucosal trauma or mucosal ulceration and increased intraluminal pressure can facilitate the entry of bacteria in the capillaries. Contributing factors, especially in the elderly, are the impaired tensile strength of the bowel wall and cardiovascular disease. Although septicemia after barium enema is a very rare complication it must be considered especially in the elderly.
Deuterium MRI of serine metabolism in mouse models of glioblastoma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Purpose Serine is a major source of one‐carbon units needed for the synthesis of nucleotides and the production of intramitochondrial nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH), and it plays an important role in cancer cell proliferation. The aim of this study was to develop a deuterium ( 2 H) MRS imaging method for imaging tumor serine metabolism. Methods Sequential ( 2 H) spectra and spectroscopic images were used to monitor the metabolism of [2,3,3‐ 2 H 3 ]serine in patient‐derived glioblastoma cells in vitro and in tumors obtained by their orthotopic implantation in mouse brain. Results [14,14‐ 2 H 2 ] 5,10‐methylene‐tetrahydrofolate, [ 2 H]glycine, [ 2 H]formate, and labeled water were detected in cell suspensions and water labeling in spectroscopic images of tumors. Studies in cells and tumors with variable mitochondrial content and inhibitor studies in cells demonstrated that most of the labeled serine was metabolized in the mitochondria. Water labeling in the cell suspensions was correlated with formate labeling; therefore, water labeling observed in tumors could be used to provide a surrogate measure of flux in the pathway of one‐carbon metabolism in vivo. Conclusion The method has the potential to be used clinically to select patients for treatment with inhibitors of one‐carbon metabolism and subsequently to detect their early responses to such treatment.
To Remove Walls or Not: Analysis Into the Dilemma of Chinese “Block System Policy”

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Property right protection has gradually become a major concern for the emerging and expanding group of homeowners in China, which entails an institutional change regarding community governance. The aim of the paper is to identify the reasons why the Block System Policy initiative in China has caused a social resentment and had to be suspended under considerable social pressure. Employing qualitative grounded theory research method, including an analysis framework of the torque equation from a social physics perspective, as a method of analysis, this study analyses the contrasting arguments around whether or not the community walls should be torn down in China, to expound the tension between the different agents’ preferences on BSP initiative, and to shed light on the inherent logic of the debated policy. The key variables used to predict the trend of BSP have been supposed to be the preference intensity and the effective multitude of the organized stakeholders, whose multiplied products will count for the general balance of the policy direction. Additionally, by reviewing Chinese historical idiosyncrasy for walls, this paper particularly stresses the importance of the homeowners’ intensity of preference to protect their property rights and resources, which substantially shaped the destiny of the policy.
Erratum: Lipid composition of membranes of Escherichia coli by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry using negative electrospray ionisation

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 2007; 21: 1721–1728. DOI: 10.1002/rcm3013 For both PG and PE, the product ions noted as [M-H – RCHCO – H2O]– on page 1724 (paragraph 2) and in Table 1 page 1725 should more probably correspond to [M-H – RCH2CO2H]– ions which have been previously described in the literature by several authors (references 12 and 15 in the text and additional references 39 and 40). 39. Hsu FF, Turk J. J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 2000; 11: 892. 40. Hsu FF, Turk J. J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 2001; 12: 1036.
Contribution of Organic Food to the Diet in a Large Sample of French Adults (the NutriNet-Santé Cohort Study)

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In developed countries, the demand for organic products continues to substantially increase each year. However, little information is available regarding the level of consumption of organic food and its relative share of the whole diet. Our aim was to provide, using individual consumption data, a detailed description of organic food consumption among French adults. Conventional and organic intakes were assessed using an organic food frequency questionnaire administered to 28,245 French adults participating in the NutriNet-Santé study. P values of Student t-test or Chi-square for the difference between genders were reported. Less than 12% of the respondents reported never consuming organic food in the past year. Women consumed on average 20% organic food in their whole diet per day while men consumed an average of 18%. The proportion of vegetables consumed that came from organic sources was 31% among women and 28% among men. Overall, the estimate of the contribution of organic food from products of plant origin was higher than that from products of animal origin. Our study provides a framework for the exploration of organic consumption and its correlates and can serve as a basis for future studies investigating relationships between the level of organic food consumption and health outcomes.
Expert consensus on management of dermatophytosis in elderly patients, patients with comorbidities, and immunocompromised status: an Indian perspective

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<p class="abstract">Dermatophytosis is a common fungal infection of skin contributing to increasing disease burden worldwide. Increasing age, presence of comorbid conditions and immunity have a profound impact on the manifestation of dermatophyte infections. Treatment of dermatophytosis includes monotherapy, combination therapy, or sequential therapy of antifungal drugs. However, specific patient populations such as the elderly, people with comorbid conditions, immunocompromised patients, etc. are subjected to inappropriate adverse events due to highly interacting host and drug factors. Thus, the management of dermatophytosis in special populations is a challenge, and it demands a change in the regular treatment plan. A group of Indian experts reviewed the evidence available on different antifungal agents for the management of dermatophytosis and provided their expert opinion on safe and effective management of the condition in special clinical scenarios. This article summarizes the consensus clinical viewpoint of the entire expert panel for a choice of the antifungal drug, factors to be assessed, and treatment considerations in special populations with dermatophytosis. The panel emphasized that complete knowledge of patient's clinical history, presence of comorbid conditions, and pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics of antifungal agents and associated potential drug interactions are essential for the successful management of dermatophytosis in these patients. Also, regular monitoring of drug toxicity is important during antifungal therapy in special population.</p>
Simulations of central structure in barred galaxies

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We have studied the formation of complex central structures in barred galaxies — nested bars, nuclear spirals and circumnuclear rings — by making <it>N</it>-body simulations, which include the gas component as inelastically colliding particles. Our models suggest that many of the observed features in both the stellar and gas components can be explained by the dynamical effect of two or more modes in the stellar disc. Especially, many morphological features in our simulations correspond to analytically studied orbit loops in double-barred potentials. Interestingly, a fast-rotating secondary bar forms in a purely stellar disc in our simulations, which disagrees with some previous studies where the presence of a dissipative component was needed.
Choline and betaine ameliorate liver lipid accumulation induced by vitamin B6 deficiency in rats

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract We investigated the efficacy of supplementing the diet with choline or betaine in ameliorating lipid accumulation induced by vitamin B6 (B6) deficiency in rat liver. Male Wistar rats were fed a control, B6-deficient, choline-supplemented (2, 4, or 6 g choline bitartrate/kg diet) B6-deficient diet or betaine-supplemented (1, 2, or 4 g betaine anhydrous/kg diet) B6-deficient diet for 35 d; all diets contained 9 g l-methionine (Met)/kg diet. Choline or betaine supplementation attenuated liver lipid deposition and restored plasma lipid profiles to control levels. These treatments restored the disruptions in Met metabolism and the phosphatidylcholine (PC)/phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) ratio induced by B6 deficiency in liver microsomes. These results suggest that choline and betaine ameliorated liver lipid accumulation induced by B6 deficiency via recovery of Met metabolism and very low-density lipoprotein secretion by restoring the supply of PC derived from PE.
Migraine Causality in Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Alpha1-antitrypsin (A1AT) is an anti-inflammatory mediator with antiprotease activity associated with anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects in various inflammatory conditions. A1AT deficiency (A1ATD) has been associated with various hyperinflammatory diseases, such as lung disease (emphysema and bronchiectasis), liver disease (chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatoma), and skin diseases (panniculitis). Migraine with aura is one of the common migraine subtypes associated with neuroimmunologic activation and neuroinflammation which is associated with cortical spreading depression and glial hyperinflammation in etioradiopathogenesis, and the main mechanisms explained so far are hyperinflammation of pro-inflammatory mediators, sensitivity of trigeminal nerve fibers and pain-conjugated glial cells activation. In this case report, a causative perspective of migraine with aura and A1ATD was presented through etioradiopathogenetics mechanisms that show the central reflections of systemic hyperinflammatory processes, and the importance of peripheral hyperinflammatory conditions in migraine etiology was examined.
The role of emergency medical planning in disaster response

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This paper addresses the importance of emergency medical planning in disaster response and highlights the need for cooperation among community, governmental and private organisations. Research on emergency medical disaster planning will provide a framework for community leaders, elected officials and healthcare providers to analyse data to support evidence-based decision making in natural disasters or terrorist incidents. Such decisions increase the effectiveness of the disaster response system, thereby safeguarding the population and the community infrastructure. This study found that approximately 79% of rural communities in the USA have hospital emergency rooms with medical disaster response capabilities. Unfortunately, the data demonstrate that 21% of rural communities lack emergency rooms, which are important disaster medical response resources. As a result, rural populations could be at risk during disasters. It also emphasises the importance of building partnerships among local, state and national organisations to ensure a timely medical response to disasters.
Hypotensive 1,2-Benzisothiazole 1,1-Dioxides. III. 3-[2-(2-Methyl-2-butylidene)hydrazino]-1,2-benzisothiazole 1,1-Dioxide and Related Analogs

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHypotensive 1,2-Benzisothiazole 1,1-Dioxides. III. 3-[2-(2-Methyl-2-butylidene)hydrazino]-1,2-benzisothiazole 1,1-Dioxide and Related AnalogsPaul W. Willard, Calvert W. Whitehead, and John J. TraversoCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1967, 10, 5, 849–852Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1967Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1967https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00317a020https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00317a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views35Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Emulsification properties of enzymatically treated octenyl‐succinic anhydride starch

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Octenyl‐succinic anhydride (OSA)‐modified starch was used as an emulsifier in oil‐in‐water emulsions. Multiple analytical techniques, including size‐exclusion chromatography (SEC), confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), and laser diffraction particle size analysis were used to determine the structure and emulsification properties of OSA‐starch. The results indicated that OSA‐starch with a smaller molar mass exhibited improved emulsification properties than its larger counterparts. Furthermore, samples pretreated by enzymatic modification for 25 min showed the best droplet size distribution, improved emulsion stability, and minimum aggregation. It was also determined that stable emulsions were not formed when the average molar mass of OSA‐starch was too small. The emulsion ability of OSA‐starch enzymatically modified for 35 min was found to be a little inferior than that of OSA‐starch upon enzyme treatment for 25 min.
Fully Proportional Representation

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Even though voters can have complex preferences over multiple candidates or parties, all extant electoral systems provide political representation based solely or primarily on voters' first preferences. I present a new concept of proportional representation that takes account of voters' preferences over the full list of alternatives—fully proportional representation (FPR)—and schemes for its implementation. I outline a “pure” FPR scheme, but because this scheme would have several undesirable features when used by real voters, I also discuss modifications that account for these difficulties. Although there are a variety of interpretations of the role played by voting in democracy, several can be shown to suggest FPR as a normative ideal. Fully proportional representation provides us with new ways to conceptualize existing electoral systems, a new standard against which alternative systems can be evaluated, and several feasible alternatives for approximating this new ideal.
Pile Capacity Predictions Using Static and Dynamic Load Testing

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Residual stresses accumulating during pile driving have a very important effect on the pile capacity prediction and the interpretation of static load test results.The report examines this phenomenon in detail, including all the factors involved and the methods that have been suggested thus far for the residual stresses prediction.A new method has been developed for the prediction of such stresses.This method, in addition to being relatively simple, proved to give predictions that compare well with actual measurements.In many situations, negative skin friction has a very important effect on the design of the pile foundation.A computerprogram PPILENF has been developed in order to predict additional pile loads due to negative skin friction.It is recommended to use this program for the problems involving negative skin friction to avoid serious prediction errors for long-term problems.CHAPTER 1 piles in the site.Fuller and Hoy (1970) stated that the follow- ing conditions should exist in order for the results to be appli- cable for all piles of the project:1.
Fenoxycarb, a potent contaminant of the silkworm,Bombyx mori L., does not influence its juvenile hormone titer

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Fenoxycarb (FC) effects were studied on juvenile hormone (JH) titers and JH-esterase activities in the silkworm, B. Mori. In the literature, FC was observed to induce high JH titers but also to act without corpora allata (CA). These contradictory results did not permit us to conclude whether FC was a potent JH mimic or it was acting through the enhancement of JH titers in the hemolymph. Analysis of hemolymph JH-esterase activities during the last larval instar reveals that FC was not a JH-esterase inhibitor. Considering JHs, only JH II was detected in the European hybrid 200×300. Furthermore, JH titer was exactly identical in control and FC-treated larvae, i.e., it dropped during the first 2 days of the last larval instar and became undetectable after day 2. This result is important since it contradicts the generally admitted concept that FC was acting by increasing the titer of JH. On the contrary, it was found that, despite its non-terpenoid chemical structure, FC might be a JH mimic. In addition, FC suspected contamination of mulberry leaves was analyzed from a physiological viewpoint. We observed that "contaminated" mulberry leaves-fed larvae became permanent larvae through the inhibition of their prothoracic glands (PG) activity and without any modification of their JH titers, i.e., exactly as for FC-treated larvae. This last point adds information concerning the suspected implication of FC in the induction of the non-spinning syndrome. Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. 40:141–149, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Evaluation Of Optimal Transfer Capability In Power System Interconnection

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

As the electrical power industry is restructured, the electrical power exchange is becoming extended. One of the key information used to determine how much power can be transferred through the network is known as available transfer capability (ATC). To calculate ATC, traditional deterministic approach is based on the severest case, but the approach has the complexity of procedure. Therefore, novel approach for ATC calculation is proposed using cost-optimization method in this paper, and is compared with well-being method and risk-benefit method. This paper proposes the optimal transfer capability of HVDC system between mainland and a separated island in Korea through these three methods. These methods will consider production cost, wheeling charge through HVDC system and outage cost with one depth (N-1 contingency)
Analysis of Electron Spin Resonance Spectra of Alkyl Spin Labels in Excised Guinea Pig Dorsal Skin, Its Stratum Corneum, Delipidized Skin and Stratum Corneum Model Lipid Liposomes.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The electron spin resonance (ESR) spectra of alkyl spin labels were observed in the excised guinea pig dorsal skin, its stratum corneum, delipidized skin and stratum corneum model lipid liposomes. The spectrum of 5-doxylstearic acid (5-NS) in the stratum corneum and order parameter obtained from the spectrum, indicated that the spin label was present in highly ordered lipid lamella. On the other hand, the spectrum of methyl ester of 5-NS (5-NMS) and its apparent rotational correlation time calculated from the spectrum, showed only a weakly immobilized component in the stratum corneum as well as in the whole excised skin. The ester spin label seemed to be scarcely present in the rigid lipid lamella, but mainly in the relatively fluid environment. On the other hand, cationic alkyl spin labels showed quite different spectra depending on their alkyl chain lengths. Long-chain 4-(N,N-dimethyl-N,-pentadecyl)ammonium-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (CAT-15) seemed to be present in the protein region of the stratum corneum as we recently reported, whereas hydrophilic quaternary ammonium spin label 4-trimethylammonium-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (CAT-1) seemed to be present in the bulk water of the skin, even in delipidized skin. These findings indicated that the different interaction and different localization of the alkyl spin labels depended on their electronic charge as well as their alkyl chain lengths.
Hitler's Economic Thought: A Reappraisal

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

A Few years ago Ernst Nolte concluded a discussion on the role of big business in German politics with these words: “History in a modern sense begins at the point where passionate thinking is ignited by new realities related to economics.” Nolte meant modern historiography—especially the Marxist variety—when he spoke of “history in a modern sense,” but one may claim validity for an even more literal meaning of his statement. Is it not true that the course of modern history has been shaped significantly by “passionate thinking” applied to economic affairs? And are not good examples of this kind of thinking provided by the political leaders who rose above the era of the worldwide depression of the 1930's to direct its fate—Stalin, Roosevelt, and Hitler? These men, one might argue, saw “economic realities” in new ways and made their insights into economic affairs the core of the national response to the crisis of their day.