jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
DataSheet_1_Umbilical cord-mesenchymal stem cells induce a memory phenotype in CD4+ T cells.pdf

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

<p>Inflammation is a physiological state where immune cells evoke a response against detrimental insults. Finding a safe and effective treatment for inflammation associated diseases has been a challenge. In this regard, human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC), exert immunomodulatory effects and have regenerative capacity making it a promising therapeutic option for resolution of acute and chronic inflammation. T cells play a critical role in inflammation and depending on their phenotype, they can stimulate or suppress inflammatory responses. However, the regulatory effects of hMSC on T cells and the underlying mechanisms are not fully elucidated. Most studies focused on activation, proliferation, and differentiation of T cells. Here, we further investigated memory formation and responsiveness of CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells and their dynamics by immune-profiling and cytokine secretion analysis. Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSC) were co-cultured with either αCD3/CD28 beads, activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) or magnetically sorted CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells. The mechanism of immune modulation of UC-MSC were investigated by comparing different modes of action; transwell, direct cell-cell contact, addition of UC-MSC conditioned medium or blockade of paracrine factor production by UC-MSC. We observed a differential effect of UC-MSC on CD4<sup>+</sup> T cell activation and proliferation using PBMC or purified CD4<sup>+</sup> T cell co-cultures. UC-MSC skewed the effector memory T cells into a central memory phenotype in both co-culture conditions. This effect on central memory formation was reversible, since UC-MSC primed central memory cells were still responsive after a second encounter with the same stimuli. The presence of both cell-cell contact and paracrine factors were necessary for the most pronounced immunomodulatory effect of UC-MSC on T cells. We found suggestive evidence for a partial role of IL-6 and TGFβ in the UC-MSC derived immunomodulatory function. Collectively, our data show that UC-MSCs clearly affect T cell activation, proliferation and maturation, depending on co-culture conditions for which both cell-cell contact and paracrine factors are needed.</p>
Etude morphologique de quelques sables de la region bordelaise

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Investigation of the morphology of sand grains in detrital deposits of the Bordeaux region, France, shows that the so-called Landes sand formation is composed of two distinct units of different origin, one of which is characterized by an abundance of eolian grains and the other by grains exhibiting no evidence of wear. Material from older deposits contained rounded, well-worn grains.
Angiotensin II stimulation of Na(+)-H+ exchange in proximal tubule cells

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Experiments were performed to evaluate the effect of angiotensin II (ANG II) on the sodium transport activity of isolated intact rabbit proximal tubule cells. Initial rates of 22Na(+) uptake were measured in Na+-depleted and ouabain-treated cells in the presence of an opposing H+ gradient (pHin less than pHout). ANG II (10(-12)-10(-9) M) stimulated the initial rate of 22Na+ uptake by 33 +/- 2%, whereas amiloride (0.5 mM) inhibited both basal and ANG II-stimulated 22Na+ uptake. ANG II-stimulated rate of 22Na+ uptake was inhibited by the receptor antagonist saralasin. Additional experiments were performed to evaluate the effect of ANG II on the rate of recovery of pHin in acid-loaded proximal tubule cells. Cells were acid loaded by an NH4Cl pulse in the presence of the pH-sensitive fluorescent dye 2',7'-bis(carboxyethyl)-5(6)-carboxyfluorescein. ANG II increased the initial rate of intracellular alkalinization, and this effect was inhibited by amiloride (1.0 mM). ANG II stimulation increased the Vmax of H+ efflux (from 0.53 +/- 0.02 to 0.64 +/- 0.04 pH units/min) without changing the Km for extracellular Na+. The present findings indicate that physiological concentrations of ANG II stimulate an amiloride-sensitive Na+-H+ antiport in proximal tubule cells.
Colistin resistance in Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae strains.

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Objective: Because of the increase in the infections caused by carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC)-producing K. pneumoniae ; nowadays colistin is used more frequently. In this study, the firstly detected colistin resistance in carbapenem-resistant KPC-producing K. pneumoniae strains were evaluated.
Material and methods: For identification and susceptibility testing; VITEK 2 Compact (bioMerieux, France) have been used. Because of resistance; MICs were studied with gradient test method in Microbiology Reference Laboratory, Public Health Institution of Turkey, Ministry of Health, Ankara, Turkey for confirmation. The presence of carbapenem resistance genes (OXA23, NDM1, OXA48, KPC, VIM ve IMP ) was investigated by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method. Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) method was used to determine the clonal relationships between strains. PCR and PFGE tests have been studied in Molecular Microbiology Research and Application Laboratory Department of Microbiology Reference Laboratories, Public Health Institution of Turkey, Ministry of Health, Ankara, Turkey.
Results: All strains were resistance for carbapenems and colistin Two of four strains were isolated from patients hospitalized in intensive care and two of them were isolated from patients hospitalized in clinics. Resistance to carbapenems were confirmed genotypically. Two strains isolated from patients in clinics were positive for NDM1 and OX-48, and isolates from patients in intensive care unit were positive for only OXA-48 carbapenem genes. PFGE typing method described two clones that have a relationship with each other. The strains in which NDM1 and OXA-48 were together positive were in one clone and OXA-48-positive strains were in other clone.
Conclusion: The emergence of colistin resistant strains is a very important problem due to decrease of treatment options for infections caused by carbapenem-resistant KPC producing K. pneumoniae. Colistin should not be used alone, combination therapy should be preferred.
Leigh syndrome in two siblings presenting as leukodystrophy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Leigh综合征又称亚急性坏死性脑脊髓病,是由于核基因或线粒体基因异常导致线粒体功能改变而出现的一组疾病综合征,属于线粒体脑肌病范畴,多于婴儿期至学龄期发病.其典型的影像表现为双侧基底节、丘脑及脑干的对称性受累,而脑白质病变则十分罕见.现报道姐弟2例主要表现为脑白质病变的Leigh综合征。
Lusty &quot;Hello&quot;

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

&quot;NEW YORK CITY -- Only two months old, little Gretchen Penelope Whitaker has had more than her share of hard knocks -- and her greeting to the homeland she's never seen is a lusty yowl. On the lap of her mother, Mrs. Charles H. Whitaker of Apponang, R.I., whose husband was vice-consul at Manila when her family was rounded up by the Japs and placed in an internment camp, little Gretchen was born on the Jap exchange ship, Teia Maru. With her brother and sister, Joseph Paul, 4 1/2, and Andrea, 3 1/2, and her parents, the baby returned to America on the Swedish exchange liner Gripsholm today.&quot; - News agency copy. ; Mrs. Charles H. Whitaker holding her three young children.
Endometrial stromal cell proteomic analysis reveals LIM and SH3 protein 1 (LASP1) plays important roles in the progression of adenomyosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Adenomyosis is one of the most common gynecological disorders that the molecular events underlying its pathogenesis remain not fully understood. Prior studies have shown that endometrial stromal cells (ESCs) played crucial roles in the pathogenesis of adenomyosis. In this study, we utilized two-dimensional gel electrophoresis combined with protein identification by mass spectrometry (2D/MS) proteomics analysis to compare the differential protein expression profile between the paired eutopic and ectopic ESCs (EuESCs and EcESCs) in adenomyosis, and a total of 32 significantly altered protein spots were identified. Among which, the expression of LIM and SH3 protein 1 (LASP1) was increased significantly in EcESCs compared to EuESCs. Immunohistochemical assay showed that LASP1 was overexpressed in the stromal cells of ectopic endometriums compared to eutopic endometriums; further functional analyses revealed that LASP1 overexpression could enhance cell proliferation, migration and invasion of EcESCs. Furthermore, we also showed that the dysregulated expression of LASP1 in EcESCs was associated with DNA hypermethylation in the promoter region of the LASP1 gene. However, the detailed molecular mechanisms of enhancing cell proliferation, invasion and migration caused by upregulated LASP1 in adenomyosis needs further study. For the first time, our data suggested that LASP1 plays important roles in the pathogenesis of adenomyosis, and could serve as a prognostic biomarker of adenomyosis.
The Inheritance of Genes in Mitochondria and Chloroplasts: Laws, Mechanisms, and Models

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

▪ Abstract The inheritance of mitochondrial and chloroplast genes differs from that of nuclear genes in showing vegetative segregation, uniparental inheritance, intracellular selection, and reduced recombination. Vegetative segregation and some cases of uniparental inheritance are due to stochastic replication and partitioning of organelle genomes. The rate and pattern of vegetative segregation depend partly on the numbers of genomes and of organelles per cell, but more importantly on the extent to which genomes are shared between organelles, their distribution in the cell, the variance in number of replications per molecule, and the variance in numerical and genotypic partitioning of organelles and genomes. Most of these parameters are unknown for most organisms, but a simple binomial probability model using the effective number of genomes is a useful substitute. Studies using new cytological, molecular, and genetic methods are shedding some light on the processes involved in segregation, and also on the mechanisms of intracellular selection and uniparental inheritance in mammals. But significant issues remain unresolved, notably about the extent of paternal transmission and mitochondrial fusion in mammals.
Structural Characterization of Dietary Fiber from Different Lupin Species (Lupinus sp.)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Dietary fiber fractions of whole seeds from different lupin species were structurally characterized. The low-molecular-weight soluble dietary fiber fraction contains mainly stachyose and verbascose. The soluble dietary fiber fraction is dominated by homogalacturonan and rhamnogalacturonan type I (RGI), with (arabino-)galactans and to a lesser portion arabinans as neutral RGI side chains. Arabinans are preferentially branched in position O2 as demonstrated by methylation analysis and an arabinan profiling approach. Insoluble dietary fiber is mainly composed of cellulose and pectins, but xylans and xyloglucans are present, too. Application of an enzymatic xyloglucan profiling approach demonstrated a substitution degree of 75% and proved the existence of fucosylated xyloglucans. Lignin of all lupin species was analyzed as being rich in guaiacyl units; however, the degree of lignification is low. Alcohol-insoluble residue polysaccharides from both seed coat and embryo/endosperm were analyzed separately, demonstrating tissue-related differences in the portions of cellulose and RGI.
A Theoretical Study of the Interaction of PARP-1 with Natural and Synthetic Inhibitors: Advances in the Therapy of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

In the current study, we have investigated the secondary metabolites present in ethnomedical plants used for medicinal purposes—Astilbe chinensis (EK1), Scutellaria barbata D. Don (EK2), Uncaria rhynchophylla (EK3), Fallugia paradoxa (EK4), and Curcuma zedoaria (Christm.) Thread (EK5)—and we have compared them with five compounds of synthetic origin for the inhibition of PARP-1, which is linked to abnormal DNA replication, generating carcinogenic cells. We have studied these interactions through molecular dynamics simulations of each interacting system under physiological conditions (pH, temperature, and pressure) and determined that the compounds of natural origin have a capacity to inhibit PARP-1 (Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase 1) in all the cases inspected in this investigation. However, it is essential to mention that their interaction energy is relatively lower compared to that of compounds of synthetic origin. Given that binding energy is mandatory for the generation of a scale or classification of which is the best interacting agent, we can say that we assume that compounds of natural origin, having a complexation affinity with PARP-1, induce cell apoptosis, a potential route for the prevention of the proliferation of carcinogenic cells.
Five Keys of Judgment: Truth and Fiction in Autobiographical and Oral History Research - Palestinian Oral History in Israel Maysoun Ershead Shehadeh

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article presents the problem of the scarcity and even lack of original historical documents related to the Palestinian Arab minority who were included in the State of Israel after its establishment, and the historians’ consequent need to utilize autobiographies and oral history collected from Nakba generation Palestinians who remained within the borders of the State of Israel. The article takes a deductive approach, from the particular to the general, ‎and proposes a research tool called “Five Keys of Judgment” that supports critical ‎judgment work and refers to the trustworthiness of autobiographical documents and ‎oral history collected previously by other historians and researchers and currently ‎available in the form of audio records or written reports. Keywords: autobiographical research, oral history, selectivity, authenticity, identity voice, language, conditions of engagement with the past, Palestinians in Israel
A polycistronic retrovirus vector for expression of swine MHC class II DRaα/β heterodimers

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract: A recombinant polycistronic retroviral vector was generated to express multimeric proteins from a single transcript by using internal ribosomal entry sites which allow independent initiation of translation from internal cistrons. In addition, an enhancerless SV40 origin of replication was incorporated into the recombinant plasmids between the retroviral long terminal repeat sequences to facilitate the testing of expression of multiple proteins in a transient COS cell transfection assay. With the ultimate goal of utilizing these vector types for the induction of transplantation tolerance via retrovirus‐mediated gene transfer (LeGuern et al. J Mol Med 1995: 42: 269 [1]; Sachs Transplant Sci 1993: 42: 59 [2]) we have incorporated miniature swine MHC class II DRA and DRB cDNAs which encode for the SLA‐DRα and SLA‐DRβ polypeptide chains, respectively, into the retroviral construct. The pro viral DNA integrated within the producer clone genome, was found to be stable over a 3‐month period and no loss of expression of DR heterodimers was observed on the cell surface of either the retrovirus producer cells or the retrovirally transduced fibroblast cell line. High titers (>1 times 10 6 CFU/ml) of recombinant particles, devoid of replication competent helper viruses, were obtained. Such vectors represent the first successful attempt to express multimeric proteins at the cell surface of transduced cells.
"Rambagh Plague Staff"

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The third pandemic of plague (in its bubonic and pneumonic clinical forms) struck the globe between 1894 and 1959. As Yersinia pestis spread from country to country and from continent to continent, it left behind it not only a trail of death and devastation, but also a vast visual archive. It was the first time that plague would reach and establish itself in all inhabited continents. But it was also the first time that any epidemic would be photographed. As plague spread from harbour to harbour, and amongst cities, towns and villages, so did photographs of the pandemic through reproductions in the daily and illustrated press. Rather than forming a homogeneous or linear visual narrative, these photographic documents provided diverse perspectives on the pandemic, which, more often than not, were not simply different from region to region, but in fact conflicting within any single locus of infection. Moreover this photographic production came to establish a new field of vision, what we may call “epidemic photography” which continues to inform the way in which we see, depict and imagine epidemics and their social, economic, and political impact in the age of Global Health.
The changing landscape of digital transformation in supply chains: impacts of industry 4.0 in Vietnam

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Purpose The purpose of the article is to contribute to the body of research on digital transformation among members of the supply chain operating in an emerging economy. This paper researches the digital transformation trends happening across Vietnamese supply chains, by investigating the current adoption rates, predicted impact levels and financial investments being made in key Industry 4.0 technologies. Design/methodology/approach By using a semi-structured online survey, the experiences of 281 supply chain professionals in Vietnam were captured. Subsequently, statistical techniques examining variances in means, regression analysis and Monte Carlo simulation were applied. Findings The findings of this study offer a comprehensive understanding of Industry 4.0 technology in Vietnam, highlighting the prevalent technologies being prioritized. Big data analytics and the Internet of things are expected to have the most substantial impact on businesses over the next 5–10 years and have received the most financial investment. Conversely, Blockchain is perceived as having less potential for future investment. The study further identifies several technological synergies, such as combining advanced robotics, artificial intelligence and the Internet of things to build effective and flexible factories, that can lead to more comprehensive solutions. It also extends diffusion of innovation theory, encompassing investment and impact considerations. Originality/value This study offers valuable insights into the impact and financial investment in Industry 4.0 technologies by Vietnamese supply chain firms. It provides a theoretical contribution via an extension of the diffusion of innovation theory and contributes toward a better understanding of the current Industry 4.0 landscape in developing economies. The findings have significant implications for future managerial decision-making, on the impact, viability and resourcing needs when undertaking digital transformation.
Framework Design for an Orofacial Implant-Supported Prosthesis

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Abstract Loss of the entire midface leaves few options available for support of the dentition. Total loss of the maxilla bilaterally means that none of the traditional support areas are even partially useful. Surgical reconstruction of the midface is aggressive, and yet problems of support and retention for a dental prosthesis, as well as the facial prosthesis, remain. Osseointegrated implants can provide support and retention utilizing the remaining bones, but the distribution of occlusal forces becomes a concern, given their unfavourable location relative to the opposing dentition. Considerable attention has been given to framework design for intraoral implant-supported prostheses (1) but designs for extraoral framework typically have not been engineered with a view to controlling forces on the individual implants. This work describes the design procedure of such an extraoral framework which was fabricated for an individual. To minimize the possibility of unintentional overloads, consideration of the forces on each of the implants was prominent in design planning.
Risk Factors for RecurrentStaphylococcus aureusBacteremia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background To understand the clinical, bacterial, and host characteristics associated with recurrent Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (R-SAB), patients with R-SAB were compared to contemporaneous patients with a single episode of SAB (S-SAB). Methods All SAB isolates underwent spa genotyping. All isolates from R-SAB patients underwent pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). PFGE-indistinguishable pairs from 40 patients underwent whole genome sequencing (WGS). Acute phase plasma from R-SAB and S-SAB patients was matched 1:1 for age, race, sex, and bacterial genotype, and underwent cytokine quantification using 25-analyte multiplex bead array. Results R-SAB occurred in 69 (9.1%) of the 756 study patients. Of the 69 patients, 30 experienced relapse (43.5%) and 39 reinfection (56.5%). Age, race, hemodialysis dependence, presence of foreign body, methicillin-resistant Staphyloccus aureus, and persistent bacteremia were individually associated with likelihood of recurrence. Multivariate risk modeling revealed that black hemodialysis patients were nearly 2 times more likely (odds ratio [OR] = 9.652 [95% confidence interval [CI], 5.402–17.418]) than white hemodialysis patients (OR = 4.53 [95% CI, 1.696–10.879]) to experience R-SAB. WGS confirmed PFGE interpretations in all cases. Median RANTES (regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted) levels in acute phase plasma from the initial episode of SAB were higher in R-SAB than in matched S-SAB controls (P = .0053, false discovery rate &lt; 0.10). Conclusion This study identified several risk factors for R-SAB. The largest risk for R-SAB is among black hemodialysis patients. Higher RANTES levels in R-SAB compared to matched controls warrants further study.
Leigh syndrome responsive to vitamin therapy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We report a case of Leigh syndrome in a girl aged four years and eight months who presented to us with progressive ptosis and worsening ataxia with frequent falls on a background of development delay. The clinical profile, biochemical analysis and MRI findings were consistent with a diagnosis of Leigh syndrome. Her clinical course was that of infantile onset, mild, slowly progressive form. She was given multivitamin supplement aiming to provide high dose thiamine and showed a remarkable response with disappearance of ptosis and marked improvement in function in the speech domain and motor skills.
THE ECONOMICS OF ALTERNATIVE FUEL USE: SUBSTITUTING METHANOL FOR GASOLINE

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Alternative fuel advocates recommend substituting methanol for gasoline since methanol cars potentially pollute less. However, because the substitution is costly and the reduction of ozone precursor emissions is relatively small, using methanol raises questions about cost effectiveness. This study demonstrates that the air quality benefits would be very expensive: The cost effectiveness usually would exceed tens or hundreds of thousands of dollars per ton of reduced volatile organic compound emissions. Only if all the cost and emissions assumptions lined up favorably would methanol substitution be desirable. Even then, it would be attractive only if the energy‐adjusted price difference between gasoline and methanol were just a few cents a gallon.