jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of Oxime Ester Derivatives from Dehydroabietic Acid

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

A series of oxime ester derivatives containing dehydroabietyl group were synthesized from dehydroabietic acid. Their structures were characterized by IR, 1HNMR, MS, and elemental analysis. The preliminary antibacterial activity results indicate that these compounds display extensive anti-bacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphyloccocus aureu, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia aerogenes and Staphyloccocus epidermidis. Compounds (5a, 5b, 5c, 5d, 5e, 5f) exhibit excellent anti-bacterial activity against Escherichia coli with the diameter of inhibition zone is 10.91mm, 11.03mm, 12.92mm, 13.48mm , 11.59mm and 11.58mm respectively,compared with the diameter of inhibition zone of 9.66mm of the commercial compound bromogeramine. Furthermore, Compounds(5d) exhibited the same level of antibacterial activity against Staphyloccocus epidermidis when compared with bromogeramine and Ampicillin Na. Keywords: Dehydroabietic acid, Oxime ester, Antibacterial activity, dehydroabietyl group, Oxime ester, pharmaceuticals, fungicidal, disproportionated, surfactants, rosin
Deoxypyrimidine Monophosphates Treatment for Thymidine Kinase 2 Deficiency (IN1-2.003)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

OBJECTIVE: Autosomal recessive TK2 mutations have been associated with severe depletion of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and devastating neuromuscular diseases in infants and children, and with mtDNA multiple deletions and progressive external ophtalmoplegia in adults. Similar to other mitochondrial disorders, only supportive treatments are available for TK2 deficiency.
Survey of Electrical Submersible Systems Design, Application, and Testing

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Summary The electrical submersible pump industry has numerous recommended practices and procedures addressing various facets of the operation. Ascertaining the appropriate technique is tedious. Seldom are all the documents available at one location. This synopsis of all the industry practices provides a ready reference for testing, design, and application of electrical submersible pumping systems. An extensive bibliography identifies significant documents for further reference.
Enhancing alkylating agent resistance through ERCC2 gene transfection in human glioma cell line

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Objective To confirm the enhancing effect of excision repair cross complementing rodent repair deficiency gene 2 (ERCC2) on alkylating agents resistance. Methods The authors constructed a pcDNA3-ERCC2 plasmid. The pcDNA3-ERCC2 was transfected into a selected ERCC2 negative human glioma cell line, SKMG-4, using liposome-mediated transfection. After G418 selection, a stable transfected cell line was obtained and tested for cytotoxicity of several alkylating agents. Results The stable transfectant was obtained and confirmed by RT-PCR as well as Western blot analysis to be strongly expressing ERCC2 at both mRNA and protein levels. The IC90 (μmol/L) of two alkylating agents, cisplatin and melphalan, increased from 1.0 to 1.75 (75%) and 5.6 to 9.0 (61%), respectively, compared with control cell line. Conclusion The present data provided evidences and confirmed the authors' previous results that ERCC2 contributes, at least partially, to alkylating agent resistance in human glioma cell line.
State Estimation-Based Robust Optimal Control of Influenza Epidemics in\n an Interactive Human Society

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents a state estimation-based robust optimal control strategy\nfor influenza epidemics in an interactive human society in the presence of\nmodeling uncertainties. Interactive society is influenced by the random\nentrance of individuals from other human societies whose effects can be modeled\nas a non-Gaussian noise. Since only the number of exposed and infected humans\ncan be measured, states of the influenza epidemics are first estimated by an\nextended maximum correntropy Kalman filter (EMCKF) to provide a robust state\nestimation in the presence of the non-Gaussian noise. An online quadratic\nprogram (QP) optimization is then synthesized subject to a robust control\nLyapunov function (RCLF) to minimize susceptible and infected humans, while\nminimizing and bounding the rates of vaccination and antiviral treatment. The\njoint QP-RCLF-EMCKF meets multiple design specifications such as state\nestimation, tracking, pointwise control optimality, and robustness to parameter\nuncertainty and state estimation errors that have not been achieved\nsimultaneously in previous studies. The uniform ultimate boundedness\n(UUB)/convergence of error trajectories is guaranteed using a Lyapunov\nstability argument. The soundness of the proposed approach is validated on the\ninfluenza epidemics of an interactive human society with a population of 16000.\nSimulation results show that the QP-RCLF-EMCKF achieves appropriate tracking\nand state estimation performance. The robustness of the proposed controller is\nfinally illustrated in the presence of modeling error and non-Gaussian noise.\n
Internally controlled real-time PCR monitoring of adenovirus DNA load in serum of plasma of transplant recipients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Adenoviruses have been recognized as important pathogens in immunocompromised hosts. Particularly in pediatric allogeneic stem cell transplant recipients, the morbidity of the patients and mortality in those patients with disseminated infections have been found to increase over the last few years. Severe infections are predominantly but not exclusively caused by subgroup C adenoviruses. A multiplex real-time PCR assay using molecular beacons as probes was developed to enable monitoring of adenovirus DNA in those patients with simultaneous identification of subgroups. An internal control was coamplified in the multiplex PCR to check for the DNA isolation procedure as well as the presence of inhibitors in the clinical samples. The assay has been applied retrospectively in patient groups with different clinical outcomes of infection. In fatal cases, significantly higher adenovirus loads developed, exceeding even 10 11 copies/ml of serum or plasma. Patients with viral loads over 10 6 copies/ml appear to have an increased risk for fatal complications. This quantitative real-time PCR assay has been prospectively used clinically since 2002 to study the course of adenovirus infection. In addition, the assay provides objective start and end points of therapeutic interventions, including the clinically important evaluation of antiviral drugs. Human adenoviruses (HAdV) are a group of nonenveloped, double-stranded DNA viruses which are endemic in the pediatric
CRISPR Therapeutics: New Emerging Developments and Clinical Applications

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

CRISPR gene editing is a genetic engineering technique applied in clinical applications in which the genomes of living organisms may be modified. It is based on the principles of the CRISPR-Cas9 antiviral defense system. It is based on delivering the Cas9 nuclease complexed with a synthetic guide RNA into a living organism cell and that organisms’s genome can be “cut” and –“paste” at a desired location, allowing existing genes to be modified for desired outcome (i.e., CRISPR for Precision Medicine). CRISPR gene editing harnesses the natural defense mechanisms of some bacteria to cut human DNA strands. Then the DNA strand either heals itself or injects a new piece of DNA to mend the gap. Studies have been reported in Lung Cancer diagnosis and treatments. CRISPR-based engineering techniques have been developed for T Cells and Stem cells applications (i.e. Gene Corrections in Hematopoietic Stem Cells for the Treatment of Blood and Immune System Diseases). Even though earlier CRISPR methodologies were used for performing simple DNA edits, recent applications include the ability to delete genes or insert genes, and edit regulatory regions in a wide range of cell types. The role of CRISPR in human therapeutics is currently focused on utilizing CRISPR techniques to perform either in vivo editing of human cells–everything from the head, eye all the way to neurons and liver cells--or performing ex vivo therapies. The FDA’s new genomic CRISPR technology based products approval process begins with review and evaluation of preclinical studies in order to establish and characterize the proposed product’s safety profile. New genomic products must be shown to be safe and effective for the FDA approval process. The sponsor of the new genomic product must show that the product is safe and effective in human subjects.1
A REVIEW ARTICLE ON ANTICANCER AGENTS AND USE OF STATINS AS POTENTIAL ANTICANCER DRUG

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Statins have been shown to inhibit cell proliferation in vitro and tumor growth in animal models. Various studies have also shown a decreased cancer-specific mortality rate in patients who were prescribed these medications. Statins inhibit 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGCR), the rate-limiting enzyme of the mevalonate pathway. Statins induce tumour-specific apoptosis through mitochondrial apoptotic signaling pathways, which are activated by the suppression of mevalonate or geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP) biosynthesis. The statins inhibit the production of endogenous cholesterol and may influence also cell proliferation and migration. A reduction on the cholesterol level could lead to decreased proliferation and metastasis of cancer cells. Statins had anticancer proprieties (halting cell- cycle progression in cancer cells) and reduced the risk of cancer recurrence. Many of cholesterol products resulting of synthesis pathway are used in cells proliferation. Disruption of these processes conduct to inhibition of cancer growth and metastasis, reduce angiogenesis and stimulate apoptosis. Currently, there are many ongoing clinical trials aimed at exploring the potential of statins to lower the mortality and the disease-recurrence risk. All these results are the foundation of new treatment directions in cancer therapy.
Tools of precision agriculture: A review

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Today’s polluted environment and over exploited natural resource, demand for immediate precautionary steps for sustainability of the earth. Agriculture also hugely contributes to such devastated condition. Precision agriculture technology is capable of performing site specific managements by delineating management zones. It helps achieve yield optimization, cost minimization and benefit maximization through GIS, GPS, remote sensing data acquisition, decision support system, sensor-controlled automatization, variable rate technology (VRT) and many other. For performing any management practice, the components work in concord. While GPS, remote sensors can provide location specific parameter values, GIS is able to create georeferenced wholesome map of a field; and controlled rate of chemical application is done through VRT via decision support systems. However, there are some of the factors which limits its adoption by the grower community over the world. But efforts are being made to improve adoption trend of precision-agriculture technologies; and make agriculture a sustainable practice.
Applied methods to verify LP turbine performance after retrofit

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

With increasing operational hours of power plants, many utilities may find it necessary to replace turbine components, i.e., low pressure turbines. In order to decide between different technical and economic solutions, the utility often takes the opportunity to choose between an OEM or non-OEM supplier. This paper will deal with the retrofitting of LP turbines. Depending on the scope of supply the contract must define the amount of improvement and specifically how to verify this improvement. Unfortunately, today`s Test Codes, such as ASME PTC 6 and 6.1, do not satisfactorily cover these cases. The methods used by Florida Power and Light (FP and L) and its supplier to verify the improvement of the low pressure turbine retrofit at the Martin No. 1 and Sanford No. 4 units will be discussed and the experience gained will be presented. In particular the influence of the thermal cycle on the applicability of the available methods will be analyzed and recommendations given.
Broadening Minds: Exploring Intercultural Understanding in Adult EFL Learners

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Our current globalized world has become a space where many cultures are in permanent contact. Now, we are living in an interconnected world that requires us to be tolerant with others. This article describes some processes through which adult EFL learners developed intercultural understanding. This research aimed to provide clear examples of how significant and necessary it is to give foreign language learners the chance to become aware of the foreign culture while they are becoming proficient in the target language. In addition, this paper also accounts for some kinds of intercultural connections the students make between their native culture and the target one. Through a careful analysis of the data collected, this qualitative case study shows that by implementing different types of pedagogical strategies the students are able to go beyond superficial ideas about the target culture which help them become more open-minded towards other forms of perceiving reality.
Liquiritin suppresses UVB‑induced skin injury through prevention of inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis through the TLR4/MyD88/NF‑κB and MAPK/caspase signaling pathways

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Solar ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation is known to trigger inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptotic responses through various signaling pathways, which eventually lead to skin cancer. The present study investigated whether liquiritin suppresses UVB‑induced skin injury in vivo and in vitro using SKH‑1 hairless mice and HACAT cells, respectively. The animals were exposed to UVB irradiation (180 mJ/cm2) for 20 min, followed by liquiritin treatment. The findings indicated that UVB exposure resulted in the excessive release of pro‑inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)‑1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‑α, IL‑18, IL‑6 and cyclooxygenase (COX)2, which were dependent on the toll‑like receptor (TLR)4/myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88)/nuclear factor‑κB (NF‑κB) signaling pathway. Oxidative stress was also observed, evidenced by reduced antioxidants and elevated oxidants. Apoptosis, examined using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling and crystal violet staining, suggested that UVB irradiation caused cell death in vivo and in vitro, which was closely associated with p38/c‑Jun N‑terminal kinase and caspase activity. Of note, liquiritin treatment in mice and cells exposed to UVB showed reduced inflammatory response, oxidative stress and apoptosis through inhibiting the activation of TLR4/MyD88/NF‑κB mitogen‑activated protein kinases and caspase pathways, and downregulating the release of oxidants. Overall, the data revealed that liquiritin may be a useful compound against UVB‑induced skin injury.
Impact of information technology innovation on firm performance in Kenya

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Information communication technology (ICT) is driving modern employment creation with networking sites enabling people to interact through innovation. However, ICT uptake and implementation differ due to moderating factors such as entrepreneur innovativeness, which enhances how technology innovation impacts organizational performance. This study examines the association between technology innovation and firm performance in Kenya by considering the impact of entrepreneur innovativeness on this association. A sample of 240 enterprises and structural equation modeling were used in the analysis. The findings indicate that technology innovation influences firm performance positively. The study recommends that entrepreneurs should develop innovative strategies to actualize firm performance. Government policy should aim at improving ICT infrastructure; promoting small and medium-sized enterprises’ (SMEs’) technological externalities within the industry, and establishing ICT resource centers to support SME performance. The study’s findings enrich existing theories and contribute to business management practices in both developed and developing countries.
Modified LogMAR Chart: Can We Make It Real?

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Visual acuity is one of the visual function assessments performed in a routine eye examination to generally examine how well a patient see. From visual acuity finding (and other assessments), an examiner can diagnose and/or observe the progression of any visual abnormalities in monitoring the treatment plan e.g. for vision therapy in amblyopia cases.Objectives/Research Problem: In clinical setting, Snellen and LogMAR charts are frequently used to assess visual acuity. However, previous studies reported that Snellen and LogMAR charts bear some weaknesses to be used in children and special needs population. Snellen chart showed poor reliability and repeatability in visual acuity measurement due to inconsistency in the letter size progression, number of letters per line and letter separations between the lines. This study aims to establish a new modified LogMAR chart to overcome the some weaknesses posed in Snellen and LogMAR charts, so as to potentially produce better results in clinical setting and screening purposes, yet easy to be used in children and special needs population.Materials and Method: The modified LogMAR chart was designed and created in Power Point slides and being presented on a laptop. The letter sizes were calculated precisely at 3m viewing distance with acuity ranged of 0 logMAR (6/6) to 1.0 logMAR (6/60). Each slide presentation consisted of 3 letters, each of which was separated by half letter width (Snellen chart: inconsistent separations between the letter; LogMAR chart: one letter width separation between the letter). A total of 20 subjects participated in this study and their visual acuities were measured with modified LogMAR chart, Snellen chart and standard LogMAR chart, and the results were compared.Results and Discussion: It would be expected that the visual acuity measurement using modified LogMAR chart could produce reliable results and sensitive enough to detect visual abnormalities e.g amblyopia during eye screening. Detail findings of the study would be presented during the KAHS research week.
Experimental investigation into machinability of hardened AISI D6 steel using newly developed AlTiSiN coated carbide tools under sustainable finish dry hard turning

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In the present study, a newly developed AlTiSiN coating material deposited on carbide insert by scalable pulsed power plasma (SPPP) technique is used for machinability investigation of hardened AISI D6 die steel (65HRC) in finish dry turning. Also, the cutting tool is characterized by various diagnostic tests to evaluate the effectiveness of nanocomposite AlTISiN coating material and its cutting performance. A series of machining trials have been performed under varied cutting conditions (feed, depth of cut, speed) to investigate the machinability concerning surface roughness, flank wear, and chip morphology. Further, an approach towards multi-response optimization and predictive modelling for minimization of flank wear and surface roughness have been performed using response surface methodology. Finally, a unique approach has been proposed for economic analysis and sustainability assessment in hard turning. Result shows that the nanostructured AlTiSiN coating developed lower range of tool wear (VB = 0.044–0.076 mm), produced surface finish (Ra) within 0.322–0.905 µm which is approaching the surface quality to that of cylindrical grinding because of minimum friction coefficient, good bonding capability and enhancement in hardness as well as wear resistance of coating material. Statistical analysis reveals that Ra and VB are influenced principally by feed (84.14%) and cutting speed (53.43%), respectively. With the tool life of 34 min, Gilbert's machining economic model calculated the overall machining cost per part of Rs.61.04 in hard turning using coated carbide insert. Chip morphology confirmed the formation of serrated type saw tooth chips. It is established that machining under dry condition provides environment friendliness, techno-economically feasible to improve sustainability.
Effects of Sulfur on Growth and Key Enzyme Activities Involved in Nitrogen and Sulfur Assimilation in Chinese Spring Onion

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In order to investigate the effects of sulfur on the growth,the nitrogen and sulfur assimilation of Chinese spring onion,the plant growth,nitrogen and sulfur content and activity of key enzyme (NR,GS,ATPS,OASS)for assimilation of nitrogen and sulfur in the different S levels were studied with potted sandy culture. The results showed that the growth,the N and S content,the yield and quality were improved by appropriately increasing the content of sulfur,while the yield and quality were reduced when the content of S level was over 4.01 mmol · L-1. The activity of ATP sulfurylase (ATPS) of leaves reduced with the S level increasing,while the activities of O-acetylserine thiollyase (OASS),nitrate reductase (NR) and glutamine synthetase (GS) responded differently at each growth stage. In the initial stage,the activity of NR was improved on the higher S level which had no significant effect on the activities of GS and OASS. In the later stage,the activities of OASS and GS were enhanced on the appropriate S level,and the activity of NR was reduced. Comprehensive analysis of results showed that, the nutrient solution containing 2.01 mmol · L-1was the optimal to improving the yield and quality of Chinese spring onion,and the yield was 19.1% higher than the control (0.01 mmol · L-1).