jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Performance analysis of cooperative ADHOC MAC for vehicular networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The paradigm of vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs) emerges as a promising approach to provide road safety, vehicle traffic management, and infotainment applications. Thus, it is important to develop a VANET medium access control (MAC) protocol that provides an efficient and reliable delivery of packets for diverse applications. Cooperative communication, on the other hand, can enhance the reliability of communication links in VANETs, thus mitigating wireless channel impairments due to a poor channel condition. Recently, a cooperative scheme for MAC in VANETs based on time-division multiple access, referred to as Cooperative ADHOC MAC (CAH-MAC), has been proposed [1]. CAH-MAC is an efficient protocol capable of increasing the network throughput by reducing the wastage of time slots. In CAH-MAC, neighboring nodes cooperate by utilizing the unreserved time slots, for retransmission of a packet which failed to reach its target receiver due to a poor channel condition. In this paper, we study the reliability of CAH-MAC in terms of packet transmission delay (PTD) and packet dropping rate (PDR). Through mathematical analysis and computer simulation, we show that CAH-MAC provides reliable communication by decreasing the PTD and PDR as compared with existing approaches.
The Hemodynamic and Fibrinolytic Response to Low Dose Epinephrine and Phenylephrine Infusions During Total Hip Replacement Under Epidural Anesthesia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Summary Lower rates of deep vein thrombosis have been noted following total hip replacement under epidural anesthesia in patients receiving exogenous epinephrine throughout surgery. To determine whether this is due to enhanced fibrinolysis or to circulatory effects of epinephrine, 30 patients scheduled for primary total hip replacement under epidural anesthesia were randomly assigned to receive intravenous infusions of either low dose epinephrine or phenylephrine intraoperatively. All patients received lumbar epidural anesthesia with induced hypotension and were monitored with radial artery and pulmonary artery catheters. Patients receiving low dose epinephrine infusion had maintenance of heart rate and cardiac index whereas both heart rate and cardiac index declined significantly throughout surgery in patients receiving phenylephrine (p = 0.0001 and p = 0.0001, respectively). Tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) activity increased significantly during surgery (p <0.0005) and declined below baseline postoperatively (p <0.005) in both groups. Low dose epinephrine was not associated with any additional augmentation of fibrinolytic activity perioperatively. There were no significant differences in changes in D-Dimer, t-PA antigen, α2-plasmin inhibitor-plasmin complexes or thrombin-antithrombin III complexes perioperatively between groups receiving low dose epinephrine or phenylephrine. The reduction in deep vein thrombosis rate with low dose epinephrine is more likely mediated by a circulatory mechanism than by augmentation of fibrinolysis.
Mediastinal undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma with pleural effusion cytopathologically misdiagnosed as epithelial malignant pleural mesothelioma: An autopsy case report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS) is a new disease in the World Health Organization's classification of tumors of soft tissue and bone published in 2013. Primary mediastinal UPS is rare, especially with pleural effusion. Herein, we describe the pathological findings of pleural effusion followed by mediastinal UPS, which was initially misdiagnosed as epithelial malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). The cytopathological findings of the pleural effusion cell block often contribute to the diagnosis of various malignant tumors. However, these findings may lead to misdiagnosis of highly invasive mediastinal tumors such as UPS. A biopsy for primary mediastinal lesions should be performed because MPM rarely mimics mediastinal tumors with pleural effusion.
Reply on RC2

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The Southern Brazilian Continental Shelf (SBCS) is an area with great ecological and economic importance to Brazil. In this region can be observed the recurrent passage of frontal systems and extra-tropical cyclones, which are more frequent during the winter months of the southern hemisphere. These systems act on the ocean surface layers as direct driving forces, which may change the thermohaline structure of the water column and induce sea level perturbations. This study used the coupled ocean-atmosphere regional model (COAWST) to evaluate the effect of the passage of a frontal system associated with an extra-tropical cyclone. The ROMS oceanic model was configured with two nested grids, in order to solve the hydrodynamic processes at different scales. The parent (20–40Â° S/40–60Â° W) and child (25–29.3Â° S/46.3–50Â° W) grid comprise the coastal region, with a horizontal resolution of 1/9Â° and 1/27Â°, respectively, with 32 vertical levels. The initial conditions are the Global Analysis Forecast from CMEMS and forcing files used the Climate Forecast System v.2 (CFSv2) data, from NCEP. This event took place on the continental shelf of the State of Santa Catarina, in September of 2016. The model results were compared to remote sensing data and to the tide gauges from the City of Imbituba (State of Santa Catarina, Brazil). The comparison showed a correlation higher than 78 % between sea level rise data and the model results. The filtering of sea level data made it possible to identify the meteorological component in the model results. The comparison between the tidal-gauge and the model output presented values under 25 cm. The model was capable of representing the sea level anomalies propagation associated with the passage of the atmospheric frontal system. The model output showed the presence of a sea level anomaly propagating northward along the continental shelf at 480 km day−1, probably associated with the presence of a coastal-trapped wave.
Health Literacy in South Asia: Clarifying the Connections between Health Literacy and Wellbeing in Pakistan

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The objective of the present study is to explore the levels of health literacy among the rural and urban population of Pakistan and its connection with their subjective wellbeing because promoting health and wellbeing for all have been declared as a sustainable development goal by United Nations. The present study used qualitative methods conducting in-depth interviews with male and female population from two districts of the Punjab to achieve study goals. Findings indicated that a low levels of health literacy prevails in rural areas while the case is little different in Urban areas. Health literacy increases the wellbeing of the people while there are some factors like religious and cultural beliefs of the local community about health which affect the wellbeing of the people even in presence of the good health information. Comprehensive and tailored programs for community mobilization and advancing health literacy are recommended to promote health and wellbeing.
Control of Rayless Goldenrod (Isocoma wrightii) with Soil-Applied Herbicides

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Picloram (4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid) applied at 0.6 to 1.2 kg/ha as 5 or 10% pellets during the summer or fall usually killed 90% or more of the rayless goldenrod [ Isocoma wrightii (Gray) Rydb.] on sandy loam soils in western Texas, whereas the higher rates were necessary for 80% or greater control following winter applications. Acceptable control persisted for 4 yr. Applications of tebuthiuron { N -[5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]- N,N′ -dimethylurea}at 1.1 kg/ha as 20% pellets during summer controlled 85% of the rayless goldenrod, but summer applications of tebuthiuron at 0.6 kg/ha or winter applications at 0.6 or 1.1 kg/ha did not control the weed effectively. Dicamba (3,6-dichloro- o -anisic acid) applied at 0.6 or 1.1 kg/ha as 5% granules did not control rayless goldenrod. Prescribed burning in late February reduced the density of rayless goldenrod 18 to 41%, but decreased control with soil-applied picloram or tebuthiuron. Reduction in rayless goldenrod densities of 75% or greater following applications of picloram or tebuthiuron pellets more than doubled the estimated carrying capacity of the arid rangeland.
Metacognitive Therapy: Cognition Applied To Regulating Cognition

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract The theory and principles of Metacognitive therapy (MCT) are described and data supporting its effects are summarized. MCT does not advocate challenging of negative automatic thoughts or traditional schemas. It proposes the existence of a universal maladaptive thinking style that causes disorder and focuses on helping patients regulate their cognition more adaptively. It aims to reduce worry and rumination and alter problematic patterns of attention and coping. In doing so it targets underlying metacognition that controls thinking and helps patients develop new ways of consciously experiencing inner events. Data from treatment studies suggest that individual MCT techniques and full treatment are highly effective. Further randomized trials are clearly warranted.
Singular solutions of semilinear elliptic equations with fractional Laplacian in entire space

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We consider the existence of positive singular solutions of the problem [Formula: see text] where [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. We obtain the existence of positive singular solutions [Formula: see text] of this problem in space dimensions [Formula: see text] for the case [Formula: see text] under the condition [Formula: see text]. By the well-known Caffarelli–Silvestre extension result, the trace of [Formula: see text] is a positive singular solution for the following equation with a supercritical exponent [Formula: see text] where [Formula: see text] denotes the fractional Laplacian.
Drugs and Drug Delivery Systems Targeting Amyloid-\b{eta} in Alzheimers Disease

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder with no cure and limited treatment solutions that are unable to target any of the suspected causes. Increasing evidence suggests that one of the causes of neurodegeneration is the overproduction of amyloid beta (A\b{eta}) and the inability of A\b{eta} peptides to be cleared from the brain, resulting in self-aggregation to form toxic oligomers, fibrils and plaques. One of the potential treatment options is to target A\b{eta} and prevent self-aggregation to allow for a natural clearing of the brain. In this paper, we review the drugs and drug delivery systems that target A\b{eta} in relation to Alzheimer's disease. Many attempts have been made to use anti-A\b{eta} targeting molecules capable of targeting A\b{eta} (with much success in vitro and in vivo animal models), but the major obstacle to this technique is the challenge posed by the blood brain barrier (BBB). This highly selective barrier protects the brain from toxic molecules and pathogens and prevents the delivery of most drugs. Therefore novel A\b{eta} aggregation inhibitor drugs will require well thought-out drug delivery systems to deliver sufficient concentrations to the brain.
Reprogramming efficiency of mouse embryonic fibroblasts using pMX-based retroviral expression vectors: testing factors that enhance efficiency.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

This protocol describes the testing factors that can enhance the reprogramming of mouse embryonic broblasts \(MEFs) to iPC cells using pMX-based retroviral Procedure Note: The success of this experiment is dependent on proper growth of MEFs and high retroviral titers.It is important to take all notes in this protocol into account.Day 1 -evening: plate 293T cells in MEF medium at 2.2 x 10e6 cells per 10 cm dish. 1 dish per transfection.Separate viral supernatants from separate transfections will be combined during infection.Make sure cells are distributed evenly over the
Privacy in Chatbot Conversation-Driven Development: A Comprehensive Review and Requirements Proposal

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Ensuring data privacy is a major challenge for software developers, especially in chatbots, where balancing privacy protection with response quality is key, given the need for conversation-driven development and data protection regulations. This research identifies privacy requirements and techniques for chatbot development through a literature review, privacy policy analysis, and a practitioner survey. The methodology includes a Systematic Literature Review (SLR), an adapted Gray Literature Review (GLR), privacy requirement formulation, and validation via a survey. Based on the SLR and GLR, eight privacy requirements are proposed, covering personal information protection, user authentication, access control, secure communication, database safety, user rights empowerment, decentralized storage, and reliable infrastructure. Survey results highlight foundational measures like secure communication and scalable infrastructures as priorities, while advanced measures such as decentralized storage or privacy rights implementation scored lower due to complexity and cost. Practitioners also stressed clarity and verifiability, citing gaps in definitions, examples, and validation criteria as challenges to adoption.
Community Structure and Diversity of Mangroves at Kannur District of Kerala, Southwest Coast of India

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Mangrove forests are among the world’s most productive ecosystems situated at the interface between land and sea/backwaters in tropical and subtropical latitudes. Mangrove vegetation in three geographical regions of Kannur on the southwest coast of India was assessed for its community structure and diversity indices. Thirteen true mangrove species belonging to 9 genera and 7 families formed the mangrove vegetation of the region. Highest density was recorded for Acanthus ilicifolius (7953 stems/ha), followed by Rhizophora mucronata (3750 stems/ha). A. ilicifolius is the most common species with maximum important value index (IVI) of 49.19. Shannon-Weiner Index of diversity ranged from 2.249 to 2.527. Kunhimangalam region have more species richness with a Simpson dominance index of 0.920 and Shannon - Weiner index of 2.527. The sites selected were distinct from each other as the species diversity varied due to the climatic, biotic, anthropogenic stresses at each location. The need to gain further knowledge about the mangrove flora of the region to help the conservation of mangrove ecosystems is highlighted.
An exploration of undergraduate nursing students' experiences of mentorship in an Irish hospital

Field: Nursing (Health Sciences)

Background: Mentorship is the support model of choice for nursing practice in Ireland and although it follows a similar approach to that provided thus far in the UK, there is little available evidence about the students' lived experience of mentorship and the extent to which it facilitates their development. Aim: To explore undergraduate nursing students' experiences of mentorship in hospital. Method: The study used a qualitative approach. Newell and Burnard's (2011) 6-stage pragmatic approach to qualitative data analysis guided the collection and analysis of data. A purposive sample of six was drawn from fourth-year students who participated in a semi-structured interview. Findings: Six main categories emerged from the data: reality versus expectation of mentorship; student's perception of self; personal feelings and expectations of mentorship; perception of workload; barriers and enablers of mentorship; student perceptions of mentor preparedness. Interpersonal relationships between student and mentor were a pivotal concept in all of the categories. Despite its flaws, participants felt that the concept of mentorship was valuable and worthwhile. Conclusion: This study has shown that the personal and interpersonal aspects of mentorship can have both positive and negative effects on the participants' development as nurses. Although students felt that they achieved their learning outcomes, there were times when this was despite guidance from their mentors. Although this was a small study, the generalisability of the findings and conclusions to similar clinical contexts is likely to be high.
Total body water determination using tetrapolar impedancemetry in CAPD patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Journal Article Total body water determination using tetrapolar impedancemetry in CAPD patients Get access S. W. Smye, S. W. Smye Departments of Medical Physics and Paediatrics, St James's University HospitalLeeds, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar M. Bradbury, M. Bradbury Departments of Medical Physics and Paediatrics, St James's University HospitalLeeds, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar T. Brocklebank T. Brocklebank Departments of Medical Physics and Paediatrics, St James's University HospitalLeeds, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation, Volume 9, Issue 5, 1994, Pages 585–586, https://doi.org/10.1093/ndt/9.5.585b Published: 01 January 1994
Comparison of Image Quality in High Pitch Free Breathing Versus Standard Pitch Breath-Holding Computed Tomographic Pulmonary Angiography.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Pulmonary embolism (PE) is the third most common acute cardiovascular disease. Missed diagnosis is responsible for most preventable deaths associated with PE. Artefacts from cardiac and breathing motion are a main pitfall. Advances in Computed Tomographic imaging have enabled rapid imaging in an attempt to overcome these pitfalls.\nObjective: To compare image quality when using high pitch free breathing versus standard pitch breath holding Computed Tomographic Pulmonary Angiography (CTPA) using a dual source scanner.\nMethods: This was a randomised control trial whereby patients referred to the radiology department for CTPA examination for suspected pulmonary embolism were randomly selected into two arms: Arm A underwent the standard CTPA protocol using a pitch of 1.2 with breath-holding instructions while those in arm B underwent the examination using a pitch of 3.2 with quiet free breathing. Two blinded reviewers subjectively assessed the image quality while a single blinded reviewer recorded objective image parameters. The primary endpoint was to demonstrate non-inferiority of high pitch free breathing CTPA. Continuous variables were expressed as mean ± SD. Categorical variables were expressed as frequency (percentage). For calculation of statistically significant differences between both groups, Chi-square test was performed to assess categorical variables and t test for continuous variables. P-values of ≤0.05 were considered statistically significant. Cohen kappa testing was used to assess the degree of agreement between the 2 independent readings, with results expressed in terms of kappa statistics and proportional agreement.\nResults: A total of 112 patients were randomly selected into the two arms of the study. The patients in the high pitch group received a lower mean radiation dose compared to those in the standard pitch group (P\nConclusion: Main pulmonary artery contrast opacification in high pitch CTPA is non-inferior to standard pitch CTPA using a dual source 256 slice scanner. High pitch dual source CTPA can be performed on all patients with no compromise on the image quality and with the added advantage of reduction in the radiation dose.
The Inhibitory Effect of Human Placenta Extract (Laennec ® ) on Atopic Dermatitis-Like Skin Disease In Vivo and In Vitro

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an allergic inflammatory skin disease accompanied by severe itching and eczema. Human placenta extract (PE), used for treatment of conditions related to hepatic function, possess anti-inflammatory and antiviral properties. In this study, we investigated the efficacy of PE against AD in a 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB)-induced AD mouse model, and in tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α/interferon (IFN)-γ-stimulated human keratinocytes (HaCaT) and immunized splenocytes. We confirmed that subcutaneous administration of PE (200 or 400 µL, twice a week) improved AD skin lesions and reduced the spleen index in mice. In addition, the expression levels of immune-related and proinflammatory factors were suppressed in serum and skin tissue. These results were consistent with the tendency observed in HaCaT cells and splenocytes. Intriguingly, human-derived PE had no side effects, such as loss of muscle mass, compared to corticosteroid, which was used as a positive control. Taken together, our results demonstrate that PE effectively inhibits the development of AD and might be a potentially useful therapeutic agent for AD-like skin disease.
Surface-potential-based physical compact model for graphene field effect transistor

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A surface potential based physical compact model for a graphene field effect transistor is proposed, including Boltzmann transport and thermally activated transport. We verified it by the experiments and Gummel symmetry test, showing good accuracy and continuity over a wide range of operation regions. Coded in Verilog-A, this model provides physics-based consistent DC and AC characteristics, which can be easily embedded into a vendor CAD tool to simulate circuits. Based on this model, a direct insight into the relationship between physical parameters and circuit performances can be achieved.
Children’s Internet Use Profiles in Relation to Behavioral Problems in Lithuania, Latvia, and Taiwan

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This study explored the profiles of elementary-school-aged children’s Internet use in relation to their emotional and behavioral problems. Participating in this cross-sectional study were 877 child–parent dyads from Latvia, Lithuania, and Taiwan. Children (8–10 years old) provided information on three variables: the amount of time they spent online, frequency of online activities, and knowledge of how to do things online. Latent profile analysis including these three variables provided a four-class solution for child Internet use. A comparison between Latvia, Lithuania, and Taiwan on the percentage of the sample distribution in each class showed that there was no difference between sites for the high class (high ratings on all three variables). The largest differences were for the low and average classes (low and average ratings on all three variables, namely, time online, frequency, and knowledge): the Lithuanian and Taiwanese samples were similar in that a higher percentage of each sample was in the low class, whereas the Latvian sample had children equally distributed between the low class and the average class. Analysis of the data from the entire sample for differences in parent-reported child behavioral difficulties suggested that children in the high class had an elevated level of behavioral problems and compulsive Internet use.