jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Shp2 promotes liver cancer stem cell expansion by augmenting β‐catenin signaling and predicts chemotherapeutic response of patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Src‐homology 2 domain–containing phosphatase 2 (Shp2) has been reported to play an important role in the maintenance and self‐renewal of embryonic and adult stem cells, but its role in cancer stem cells (CSCs) remains obscure. Herein, we observed high expression of Shp2 in both chemoresistant hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) and recurrent HCCs from patients. A remarkable increase of Shp2 was detected in sorted epithelial cell adhesion molecule–positive or cluster of differentiation 133–positive liver CSCs and in CSC‐enriched hepatoma spheroids from patients. Up‐regulated Shp2 facilitated liver CSC expansion by promoting the dedifferentiation of hepatoma cells and enhancing the self‐renewal of liver CSCs. Mechanistically, Shp2 dephosphorylated cell division cycle 73 in the cytosol of hepatoma cells, and the dephosphorylated cell division cycle 73 bound β‐catenin and facilitated the nuclear translocation of β‐catenin, which promoted the dedifferentiation of hepatoma cells. Shp2 increased β‐catenin accumulation by inhibiting glycogen synthase kinase 3β–mediated β‐catenin degradation in liver CSCs, thereby enhancing the self‐renewal of liver CSCs. Blockage of β‐catenin abolished the discrepancy in liver CSC proportion and the self‐renewal capacity between Shp2‐depleted hepatoma cells and control cells, which further confirmed that β‐catenin is required in Shp2‐promoted liver CSC expansion. More importantly, HCC patients with low Shp2 levels benefited from transcatheter arterial chemoembolization or sorafenib treatment, but patients with high Shp2 expression did not, indicating the significance of Shp2 in personalized HCC therapy. Conclusion : Shp2 could promote HCC cell dedifferentiation and liver CSC expansion by amplifying β‐catenin signaling and may be useful in predicting patient response to chemotherapeutics. (H epatology 2017;65:1566‐1580).
Characterising amorphous pharmaceuticals using PDF methods

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The high free energy and low density of the amorphous phase mean that amorphous pharmaceutical compounds typically dissolve faster than their crystalline forms.However, the metastable nature and propensity to crystallise during formulation and storage are serious concerns for drug developers.Faster dissolution is associated with greater bioavailability and, hence, amorphous drug formulations provide intriguing possibilities in the pharmaceutical industry.The understanding of these systems is complicated due to the significant positional and orientational disorder of the molecules and the lack of longrange periodicity.This lack of periodicity prohibits the use of traditional crystallographic techniques as a means of determining their structure.Because pair distribution function (PDF) methods can be used to study not only to the longrange structure of a material but also its local structure, the technique can be used to probe the short-range interactions present in amorphous formulations, despite the large amount of disorder present.Multivariate analysis of PDF data collected using a laboratory X-ray diffractometer has been used to characterise sets of systems with different levels of disorder.Included is a series of drug formulations containing amorphous felodipine, a calcium antagonist, in a copovidone polymer binder with different drug loading levels.Reverse Monte Carlo methods have also been used to model the packing of disordered molecular solids and are being applied to study the packing of drug molecules in amorphous solid dispersions.
The comparison of politeness strategy produced by the native speakers of English and the Indonesian speakers

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This study discusses Indonesian speakers? ability to produce polite utterances based on politeness strategy in the approximative speaking norms as the native speakers of English in natural communication. In cross-cultural communication with the native speakers of English, Indonesian speakers must consider the social distance, the amount of imposition, and the relative status of the participants to produce contextually polite utterances, since politeness is important to smooth daily communication. Thus, this study was first figured out the most frequently used politeness strategy by the native speakers of English, whether bald on record, positive politeness, negative politeness, or off record strategy when they had conversation with the Indonesian speakers. Secondly, it figured out the most frequently used politeness strategy by the Indonesian speakers when they involved in communication with the native speakers of English. To get the data I recorded three meetings took place, among the weekly meeting, between the native speakers of English and the Indonesian speakers and analyzed their utterances containing politeness strategy following Brown and Levinson (1987). The findings on this study show that the native speakers of English and the Indonesian speakers used positive politeness as the mostly used strategy and claiming common ground with the use of in-group identity marker was used to do the positive politeness strategy. Negative politeness was used as the second mostly used strategy by these speakers, however, the distribution of other strategies was different. Positive and negative politeness produced by the English native speakers followed with the bald on record and off record strategy. While the Indonesian speakers? positive and negative politeness followed with off record and bad on record strategy. Thus, since the Indonesian speakers were able to produce politeness strategy as the native speakers, from the similar use of the mostly used strategy, it reflected that the Indonesian speakers were able to produce utterance in the approximative speaking norms of English by acquiring, understanding, and producing the politeness strategy in their interaction with the native speakers.
Species diversity of Calyptratae in Dengfeng Zhongyue Temple of Henan province.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Objective To determine the population number and species diversity of Calyptratae flies in Dengfeng Zhongyue Temple scenic spots of Henan province.Methods The biological diversity in the region was studied based on entomological classification principles using relevant approaches.Results A total of 23 species,14 genus,8 subfamilies and 5 families of Calyptratae flies were investigated in this region.The Calliphoridae were found to share the highest diversity.Ten species,6 genus,and 3 subfamilies of flies were investigated,and the species accounted for 43.48% of all captured species around the scenic spots.The diversity indices were obvious different between the results generated in August,September and October.The highest number of flies was present in September with however the lowest Simpson index,Shannon-Wiener index and Pielou index and highest dominance index.No difference was found in the diversity indices between August and October.Conclusion The Calyptratae flies had relatively rich species diversity in Dengfeng Zhongyue Temple scenic spots of Henan province.The results provided fundamental data for fly prevention and control in the region.
The psychology of men and masculinities

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

"Decades ago, the emergence of feminist psychology upended the old order by redefining sex and gender. Soon thereafter, scholars such as Ron Levant recognized the importance of doing a similar critical analysis of men. Now, years later, the psychology of men and masculinities is a thriving, growing field illuminating the impact of sex and gender on the lives of men.

This highly anticipated volume shows how far the field has advanced and what directions it is taking. It explains and evaluates major theories, research, and applications, with an emphasis on the gender role strain paradigm, which is an empirical, feminist, and social constructionist approach that is based primarily in psychology and that relies largely on quantitative research. The chapters also synthesize research on men's mental and physical health, including depression, help-seeking, stigma, body image, and the physical health effects of masculinity. Special attention is given to ethnic, racial, and sexual minority men. Finally, the book surveys the growing body of work on therapeutic and preventive interventions for men, as well as programs aimed at men's violence, substance use, and lack of self-care. With such broad and inclusive coverage, this volume will be a standard reference for researchers and practitioners in this field and an essential part of university courses on men and masculinities.
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Reply on RC1

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract. The performance of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model versionÂ 3.8.1 at convection-permitting scale is evaluated by means of several sensitivity simulations over southern Peru down to a grid resolution of 1âkm, whereby the main focus is on the domain with 5âkm horizontal resolution. Different configurations of microphysics, cumulus, longwave radiation, and planetary boundary layer schemes are tested. For the yearÂ 2008, the simulated precipitation amounts and patterns are compared to gridded observational data sets and weather station data gathered from Peru, Bolivia, and Brazil. The temporal correlation of simulated monthly accumulated precipitation against in situ and gridded observational data show that the most challenging regions for WRF are the slopes along both sides of the Andes, i.e. elevations between 1000 and 3000âm above sea level. The pattern correlation analysis between simulated precipitation and station data suggests that all tested WRF setups perform rather poorly along the northeastern slopes of the Andes during the entire year. In the southwestern region of the domain the performance of all setups is better except for the driest period (MayâSeptember). The results of the pattern correlation to the gridded observational data sets show that all setups perform reasonably well except along both slopes during the dry season. The precipitation patterns reveal that the typical setup used over Europe is too dry throughout the entire year, and that the experiment with the combination of the single-moment 6-class microphysics scheme and the GrellâFreitas cumulus parameterization in the domains with resolutions larger than 5âkm, suitable for East Africa, does not perfectly apply to other equatorial regions such as the Amazon basin in southeastern Peru. The experiment with the Stony Brook University microphysics scheme and the Grell-Freitas cumulus parameterization tends to overestimate precipitation over the northeastern slopes of the Andes, but enforces a positive feedback between the soil moisture, air temperature, relative humidity, mid-level cloud cover and, finally, precipitation. Hence, this setup provides the most accurate results over the Peruvian Amazon, and particularly over the department of Madre de Dios, which is a region of interest because it is considered a biodiversity hotspot of Peru. The robustness of this particular configuration of the model is backed up by similar results obtained during wet climate conditions observed in 2012.
All Inorganic CsPbBr3 Perovskite Solar Cells Based on Preferential Crystallization of Buried Interface Regulated by CsCl

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Compared to organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs), all inorganic CsPbBr 3 perovskite solar cells have higher stability but lower efficiency. Owing to the low solid solubility of CsBr in methyl alcohol, an incomplete first-step reaction with PbBr 2 reaction takes place at room temperature. As a result, a large amount of CsPb 2 Br 5 is generated in the final CsPbBr 3 film, which deteriorates the performance of CsPbBr 3 PSCs. Along these lines, in this work, CsCl was added to increase the reaction between CsBr and PbBr 2 in the first step and high-quality CsPbBr 3 films were prepared without CsPb 2 Br 5 . Our analysis demonstrated that at the optimal CsCl concentration of 6% in CsBr solution, the CsPbBr 3 perovskite solar cells exhibited a power conversion efficiency of 7.33%. The best device retained 98.57% of the power conversion efficiency (PCE) after storing it for 30 days under ambient air condition.
The Education of Chinese Visual Communication Design Dept. with the change of Name

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

중국의 시각디자인 교육은 시대적으로 “도안(图案)”에서 “상업미술(商业美术)”으로, 또한 “장식미술(装潢美术)”에서 “평면디자인(平面设计)“, 그리고 오늘날의 ”시각전달디자인(视觉传达设计)“에 이르고 있다. 이러한 ‘학명’의 변경은 중국의 역사적 배경과 서구문화 사이의 문화적 충돌에서 비롯된 가치관의 변화를 반영한다. 중국 서적장정 전통의 색채가 강한 ‘장황미술(装潢美术)’을 의미가 같은 ‘ 장식미술’ 대신에 사용한 것은 그 단적인 예이다. 또한 오늘날 디자인교육의 특징인 디자인과 예술의 확실한 경계에 반해 ‘예술디자인’이라는 범주에서 평면디자인이나 시각전달디자인을 포함시키는 것도 중국만의 독특한 현상이다. 이러한 명칭을 보다 체계적으로 살펴본다면 교육의 이념과 방법, 교육 형태, 즉 수업의 내용 및 형식의 변화 발전 과정을 파악할 수 있을 것이다. 본 논문은 이러한 관점에 시각디자인 교육의 명칭변화를 단초로 중국 시각디자인 교육의 패러다임 전환과 그것이 갖는 의미를 규정해봄과 동시에 향후 국내 시각디자인교육과 비교연구의 기초 자료가 되기를 기대한다.
Background Giants in the Field of the Globular Cluster M22: Kinematics of the Galactic Bulge

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

view Abstract Citations (5) References (78) Co-Reads Similar Papers Volume Content Graphics Metrics Export Citation NASA/ADS Background Giants in the Field of the Globular Cluster M22: Kinematics of the Galactic Bulge Minniti, Dante ; Liebert, James ; Olszewski, Edward W. ; White, Simon D. M. Abstract We report radial velocities, metallicities, and near-IR photometry for about 100 giants in the field of the globular cluster M22, at l,b = (9.9¬∞,- 7.6¬∞). Most of them are bulge giants, non-members of the cluster from proper motions. Dividing the sample according to metallicity, we find that the giants more metal-poor than [Fe/H]‚âç-1 have halo-like kinematics, while the more metal-rich giants have higher rotation and smaller velocity dispersion, which we identify with the bulge. Such dependences of kinematics on metal abundance (which may be due to a mix of populations) are predicted by dissipational collapse models of formation for the inner Galaxy. The 11 M giants in the field follow bulge rather than halo kinematics. Publication: The Astronomical Journal Pub Date: August 1996 DOI: 10.1086/118036 Bibcode: 1996AJ....112..590M Keywords: GLOBULAR CLUSTERS: INDIVIDUAL: M22; GALAXY: KINEMATICS AND DYNAMICS; GALAXY: HALO full text sources ADS | data products SIMBAD (62)
A closed parabolic trough solar collector

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Parabolic trough[1] is the most mature technology for large scale exploitation of solar energy. Several power plants based on this technology have been operational for years, and more are being built. However, the current technology suffers from a too high installation cost. This high cost makes it very hard to compete economically with fossil energy without government subsidies, compromising the perspective of using this technology to solve the problem of CO2 emissions. In this article, we study a design of closed-box parabolic trough concentrated solar collector. By accepting an optical loss of a few percentages due to reflections by the cover, this design offers several advantages over the current open model, in particular a potential of significant cost reduction. In Section 1, we first make a rapid study of the actually dominant open parabolic trough design, to locate its main sources of cost, the problems facing it, and the potential of improvement. The basic design of the closed collector is given in Section 2. It is a hermetic box with a transparent cover and the parabolic reflector forming the back. And the tracking of the sun is done by rotating (swinging) the box around the receiver tube which is fixed with respect to the ground. The advantages include a geometrically rigid structure leading to a considerable simplification of the construction (hence a reduced cost), and the protection of almost all optic surfaces, in particular the reflecting mirror (hence a lower mirror cost without durability problems). Moreover, we can now adopt a tilted installation that reduces the seasonal variation of the output and improves the capacity factor of the whole system. The closed-box model and the subsequent size reduction bring about several technical issues that must be dealt with. The most important one is the receiver tube that absorbs the solar energy and transforms it to heat to be carried out by a fluid. The current permanently sealed Dewar construction is not suitable for the smaller collectors, due to probable high price and high thermal losses that
Sublingual Antigens

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

To the Editor.—

The following is an answer to questions regarding sublingual antigen therapy that have recently appeared in two publications. The first question was inThe Journal(215:2120, 1971), and the second inLetters of the International Correspondence Society of Allergists(34:51, 1971). French Hansel, so far as I know, was the first (1945) to employ and teach the use of sublingual antigen. In 1963, I learned this technique from Guy O. Pffeiffer, a student of Hansel. My contribution was the application of the 1:5 serial dilution titration technique and the concept of optimal dosage in formulating sublingual antigen therapy. From October 1963 to May 1971 in our office, 1,356 patients have been treated with over 15,000 individual sublingual antigen prescriptions. During 1962 and most of 1963, injection treatment was used. I was disturbed by the number of patients who discontinued or interrupted their injection therapy. I
Correlates of alcohol consumption in rural western Kenya: A cross-sectional study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Studies on alcohol consumption in rural areas in sub-Saharan Africa are scarce. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and determinants of alcohol consumption in rural western Kenya. The study was conducted as a preliminary stage of a community-based intervention to reduce hazardous alcohol consumption.A cross-sectional survey of 478 participants aged 18-65 years residing in Ikolomani Sub-county, Kakamega County was conducted in April 2015. Data were collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. We defined current drinkers as participants who consumed any alcoholic product in the preceding one month, and hazardous/high-risk drinkers as participants with an Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) score of 8 and above. We summarised data using descriptive statistics and used logistic regression to explore for the correlates of each of current alcohol consumption and hazardous/high-risk alcohol consumption.The sex-standardized prevalence of current alcohol drinkers was 31.7% (95% confidence interval (CI): 26.8%-37.2%). The prevalence was higher in men (54.6%) than in women (8.9%). The mean AUDIT score among current drinkers was 16.9 (SD 8.2) and the sex-standardized prevalence of hazardous/high-risk alcohol drinking was 28.7% (95% CI: 24.1%-34.0%). Traditional brews were the most commonly consumed types of alcohol and most drinkers took alcohol in the homes of alcohol sellers/brewers. In multivariate analyses, the number of drinkers in the family, the number of friends who are drinkers and the attitude towards alcohol intake were positively associated with current alcohol drinking status, and with hazardous/high-risk alcohol consumption. Women were less likely to be current drinkers and hazardous/high-risk drinkers than were men. Other socio-demographic factors were not significantly associated with alcohol consumption.The prevalence of alcohol consumption in the study area was higher than the national level estimate of 13.3%. The results suggest that the social environment is the main determinant of alcohol consumption in this setting. These findings imply that interventions to mitigate alcohol consumption in this area will have to target the social networks of the alcohol consumers, change the drinkers' attitude towards alcohol, and tackle the issue of availability of unlicensed homemade brews.
Saying in the Language of the Other, Translating into One’s Own Language. A Study of Esmeralda Santiago’s Memoirs

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Este artículo se ocupa del estudio de las memorias de la escritora puertorriqueña Esmeralda Santiago, When I Was Puerto Rican (1993), para indagar acerca de la traducción titulada Cuando era puertorriqueña, cuya autoría también corresponde a Santiago (1994). En este sentido, el análisis se centra en los desplazamientos discursivos y culturales que se gestan en el seno de la práctica autotraductora. Asimismo y en particular, se observan los cambios que, en la traducción, atañen a la diferencia cultural y que pueden asociarse con las distintas trayectorias editoriales de las que participan estas dos obras.
The (big) Role of Family Constellations in Return Migration and Transnationalism

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Albanian migration has always reflected a family character, be that before 1945 when Albania was not yet completely isolated, as well as after 1990 when borders were reopened. This feature characterized all types of movement, internal or international, permanent or seasonal migration, return migration or transnational movements, and remigration. The role of the family has been very important in making decisions regarding migration and answering questions from why to how to migrate, from when to where, whom to ask for help or how to invest remittances. Based on the case study of a rural area in Northern Albania, The Administrative Unit of Daj&ccedil;, this article explores in detail the roles of family and kinship on decisions regarding return migration, the re-adjustment process, remigration or transnational life. By exploring the role of the family context in remigration and vice-versa the article reflects that the family biography &ndash; including the lifestyle, plans for the future or expectations - has changed due to previous migration experiences or challenges and difficulties when returning to the home country. It demonstrates how individual decisions to migrate or to &lsquo;return home&rsquo; are negotiated and supported within families making transnational life a family project. The article adopts a new approach in the Albanian Migration Studies which may be implied on broader areas for further research in the future.
Bibliography of In-House and Contract Reports. Supplement 15.

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract : This is Supplement 16 to the Engineer Topographic Laboratories (ETL) Bibliography of In-House and Contract Reports. This supplement provides author and title indexes, abstracts, and AD numbers for the 1987, 1988 and 1989 additions to the continuing bibliography. It also contains a complete title index designed to be used in conjunction with the 16 published bibliographies and refers to them by year and number.