jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
An Improved NSGA-II for Energy-oriented Hot Rolling Production Scheduling Problems

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract With the sharply increasing energy demand and the shortage of energy, the scheduling goal of hot rolling production (HRP) is to select and sequence slabs to reduce cost and energy consumption. A multi-objective HRP optimal scheduling model is formulated and transferred as a multi-objective prize collecting vehicle routing problem (MO-PCVRP) with special constraints that simultaneously minimizes the jump cost of width, thickness, and hardness between adjacent slabs, the total length of unselected slabs, and the energy cost. Furthermore, this paper introduces a greedy strategy to intensify the local search of the standard NSGA-II algorithm, and names it local-intensification NSGA-II (LI-NSGA-II). The comparison experiments show that the LI-NSGA-II algorithm obtains better comprehensive performance than other compared algorithms in solving multi-objective scheduling problems of HRP.
Cross-sectional Analysis of Whole Body Vibration Exposures and Health Status among Long-haul Truck Drivers

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Exposure to whole body vibration (WBV) is known to be associated with various adverse health outcomes among professional truck drivers. As a part of a randomized controlled trial, this study evaluated WBV exposures and various health outcomes from 96 professional truck drivers. The WBV was measured and analyzed per International Standards Organization (ISO) 2631-1 and 2631-5 WBV standards. This study also measured self-reported regional body pain (10-point scale), low back disability (the Oswestry Disability Index), and physical/mental health (the Short Form 12-item Health Survey). Lastly, this study evaluated associations between the WBV exposure and various health outcomes. The results showed that the predominant z-axis weighted average vibration [A(8)] measure (Mean ± SE: 0.35 ± 0.01 m/s2) was below the ISO and European Union (EU) daily exposure action limits (0.5 m/s2) whereas the vibration dose value [VDV(8)] measure (12.2 ± 0.3 m/s1.75) was above the ISO and EU daily exposure action limit (9.1 m/s1.75). Self-reported low back pain (LBP) was the most prevalent adverse musculoskeletal outcome reported (72.5%) with average LBP score of 2.9 (SD: 2.0). The SF-12 health scores showed that truck drivers’ physical health status was lower than the average US population (p’s < 0.04). Moreover, the Spearman’s correlations ( r s ) between the WBV parameters and health outcomes indicated that A(8) measures were associated with LBP ( r s = 0.31; r = 0.05) and SF-12 physical composite score ( r s = −0.39; r = 0.02); however VDV(8) was not associated with any of the health outcomes. The study findings indicates that although the impulsive exposures [VDV(8)] were more prominent, the continuous, average vibration [A(8)] appears to be more strongly associated with injury risks. This finding supports the practice of EU countries using A(8) as one of the primary measures for characterizing daily WBV exposures but also complements many other studies indicating that the current EU daily action limit value of 0.50 m/s2 for WBV may be too high.
Pure Cross-Docking as Strategy of Distribution for Courier Services: Quantitative Study on Perceived Benefits Associated with Time Management

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Cross-Docking is one of the most important strategies of distribution. However extensive risk is associated with the implementation of the strategy especially in developing countries. Therefore research most of the times has been done on partial cross docking practices and studies recommended the conduction of future research work on practical implications of cross docking with inclusion of limitations in research models. Therefore the purpose of this study is to figure out potential advantages of pure cross docking on time management. For this purpose supply chain managers of courier services companies are the target population and the data has been taken through consulting with these mangers during their office times. Although the questionnaire was adopted and merely focusing on potential benefits of cross docking but considerable percentage of respondents hesitates in providing their reviews. Thus the study has been completed from the responses of fifty respondents working on managerial position in courier service companies Keywords: Pure Cross-Docking, Uncertain Countries, Perceived Benefits of Cross-Docking DOI : 10.7176/EJBM/11-13-05 Publication date :May 31 st 2019
Presence of Simuliidae on Guadalcanal, British Solomon Islands Protectorate

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Journal Article Presence of Simuliidae on Guadalcanal, British Solomon Islands Protectorate Get access Mario Maffi, Mario Maffi Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Mike Sherwood Mike Sherwood Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Medical Entomology, Volume 7, Issue 2, 1 April 1970, Page 188, https://doi.org/10.1093/jmedent/7.2.188 Published: 01 April 1970
Comparison of Drought Response between Taraxacum officinale and Delphinium nuttallianum

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The state of Colorado continues to see more frequent drought conditions as global warming raises average temperatures, increases evaporation rates, and brings earlier snowmelt. The common dandelion (T. officinale) is a non-native plant in the Gunnison Basin, but as drought conditions increase in frequency, how are the plant’s abundance levels reacting compared to the native Nuttall’s larkspur (D. nuttallianum)? This was investigated by analyzing high resolution drone imagery, using GIS and spatial software, and running complex statistical analyses to compare years with varying degrees of drought. Research was conducted at the Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, 2019-2021.
Artificial intelligence and rights of people with disabilities: The power of algorithms

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Artificial intelligence (AI) has revolutionized our lives and will continue to transform them dramatically for the decades to come. Its potential is indisputable and its applications can bring important benefits to people with disabilities. However, AI is a clearly ambivalent reality and, along with its positive aspects, it also presents downsides that come with various fundamental risks, many of an ethical nature, capable of creating new types of discrimination that curtail the rights of such groups, always in constant vindication, especially in the face of new realities. This paper will review in a generic sense the advantages and disadvantages of artificial intelligence in relation to people with disabilities, with a specific focus on algorithmic biases, a key element with a recognized capability to organize the society and influence policies and institutions through autonomous decision-making, based on a behaviour that may be unfair and discriminatory. Finally, we will present some possible solutions that tend to shape this still incipient phenomenon so it develops in service of every kind of people, including those who present any type of disabilit
Best Practices in Tobacco Control -- Regulation of Tobacco Products Canada Report

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The Tobacco Free Initiative announces the release of a best practices report highlighting Canadian tobacco product regulation. The Canadian tobacco regulatory regime, identified as one of the best by TFI and the WHO Study Group on Tobacco Product Regulation (TobReg), incorporates mandatory periodic emissions testing, emissions disclosure based on all characteristics of the tobacco product, and labeling requirements which mandate large, clear health warnings and informational messages. And most noteworthy, this best practice shows how Canada, in an effort to promote public health goals, creatively maneuvered around the limitations of the ISO smoking machine testing protocol by amending their regulation to require manufacturers to additionally test using a more intense testing regimen. Henceforth, this Canadian intense testing regimen, has since been adopted by the TobReg in its first recommendation: Guiding principles for the development of tobacco product research and testing capacity and proposed protocols for the initiation of tobacco product testing. TFI hopes that Member States will glean valuable insights and inspiration from Canada’s experience.
Continuous process model refinement from business vision to event simulation and software automation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Business consultants and software engineers produce and consume process models capturing analysis and design results on different levels of abstraction and at different stages of refinement. Model types commonly found in practice include vision models (current, future), simulation models, and automation models. In this paper, we propose to align and map the terminologies and concepts of these model types to improve stakeholder collaboration. We support this concept mapping with two model transformations to and from discrete event simulation models. We implemented these transformations prototypically (MDSL2JaamSim, JaamSim2MDSL). Our work originates from an industrial case in the FinTech domain. An experimental validation suggests benefits such as effort savings.
Are Cyber Weapons Effective Military Tools

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Cyber-attacks are often viewed in academic and military writings as strategic asymmetric weapons, great equalizers with the potential of leveling the battlefield between powerful nations and those less capable. However, there has been little evidence to suggest that cyber-attacks are a genuine military option in a state-on-state conflict. In instances of actual military operations (e.g., Afghanistan, Georgia, Iraq, and Israel/Gaza), there is little accompanying evidence of a military conducting cyber-attacks against either a civilian or military target. Given that some of the nation states that have been involved in military conflict or peacekeeping missions in hostile areas are believed to have some level of offensive cyber capability, this may be indicative. More substantive examples demonstrate that cyber-attacks have been more successful in non-military activities, as they may serve as a clandestine weapon of subterfuge better positioned to incapacitate systems without alerting the victims, veiling the orchestrator’s true identity via proxy groups and plausible deniability. Consequently, this paper provides a counter argument to the idea that cyber tools are instrumental military weapons in modern day warfare; cyber weapons are more effective options during times of nation state tension rather than military conflict, and are more serviceable as a signaling tool than one designed to gain military advantage. In situations where state-on-state conflict exists, high value targets that need to be neutralized would most likely be attacked via conventional weapons where battle damage assessment can be easily quantified. This raises the question: are cyber weapons effective military tools?
Subtrochanteric Fracture of Femur

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Dr. W. H. Harris: A 12-year-old girl was admitted to the Massachusetts General Hospital approximately 45 minutes after having been run over by a truck. She had not lost consciousness. Her past medical history was not remarkable except for an appendectomy one year previously. She was in moderate discomfort at the time of admission. Her blood pressure was 94/60 mm. Hg; the pulse rate was 80; and respirations were 25 per minute. There were gross swelling, ecchymosis, and tenderness in the proximal portion of the left thigh. The left lower extremity was in 90° of external rotation. The patient was unable to flex the left hip voluntarily. Peripheral pulses were intact. Examination of the abdomen showed extensive abrasions over the lower portion of the abdominal wall from the umbilicus to the pubis, with a break in the skin overlying the left anterior iliac crest. There was diffuse soreness throughout the
Cues and channels in emotion recognition.

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This article addresses methodological issues pertinent to judgment studies in nonverbal communication research, in general, and to the perception and attribution of emotions, in particular. We investigated which behavioral cues are used in portraying various emotions and to what extent the channel of presentation and encoding differences between actors affect judgment accuracy. In an encoding study the nonverbal behaviors of 6 different actors (3 male, 3 female) portraying four emotions (joy, sadness, anger, surprise) were analyzed from a videotape. In a decoding study these portrayals were shown using 4 channels of presentation (audio-video, video only, audio only, filtered audio), to groups of naive judges. The results indicate that different nonverbal cues are used to portray the various emotions and that differences between channels and between actors strongly affect decoding accuracy. Specifically, overemphasis of behavioral cues characteristic for certain emotions results in reduced decoding accuracy. Given the widespread assumption that nonverbal signal systems are particularly suitable for communicating affective information, it is not surprising that many researchers have attempted to study how well individuals can recognize different emotions from various nonverbal cues (for an overview of such studies, see Ekman, 1982; Scherer, 1981). One of the major obstades researchers have encountered in this area has been the problem of obtaining realistic stimulus material to present to judges; that is, obtaining nonverbal expressions that represent valid indicators of various emotional states. The ethical and practical difficulties in experimentally inducing strong emotional states, or even recording naturally occurring emotional experiences, has been one of the perennial problems in the scientific study of emotion. In studying the role of vocal cues in the communication of emotional meaning, this difficulty is aggravated because the researcher, in order to avoid interference from verbal content, usually wants to use standard verbal utterances with the same content for different emotions so as to focus on the different paralinguistic cues that carry the emotional meaning. Given these constraints, most researchers have taken recourse to emotional expression simulated or portrayed by actors using standard verbal material such as standard sentences, nonsense syllables, letters of the alphabet, and the like (see summary in
Purification and Crystallization of Murine Myostatin: A Negative Regulator of Muscle Mass

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Myostatin (MSTN) has been crystallized and its preliminary X-ray diffraction data were collected. MSTN is a negative regulator of muscle growt/differentiation and suppressor of fat accumulation. It is a member of TGF-b family of proteins. Like other members of this family, the regulation of MSTN is critically tied to its process of maturation. This process involves the formation of a homodimer followed by two proteolytic steps. The first proteolytic cleavage produces a species where the n-terminal portion of the dimer is covalently separated from, but remains non-covalently bound to, the c-terminal, functional, portion of the protein. The protein is activated upon removal of the n-terminal pro-segment by a second n-terminal proteolytic cut by BMP-1 in vivo, or by acid treatment in vitro. Understanding the structural nature and physical interactions involved in these regulatory processes is the objective of our studies. Murine MSTN was purified from culture media of genetically engineered Chinese Hamster Ovary cells by multicolumn purification process and crystallized using the vapor diffusion method.
The Consumer as the Empirical Measure of Trade Mark Law

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Although consumer responses to signs and symbols lie at the heart of trade mark law, courts blow hot and cold on the relevance of empirical evidence – such as surveys and experiments – to establish how consumers respond to alleged infringing marks. This ambivalence is related to deeper rifts between trade mark doctrine and the science around consumer decision‐making. This article engages with an approach in ‘Law and Science’ literature: looking at how cognitive psychology and related disciplines conceptualise consumer decision‐making, and how counterintuitive lawyers’ approaches appear from this perspective. It demonstrates how, especially when proving confusion, decision‐makers in trade mark demand the impossible of empiricists and are simultaneously blind to the weaknesses of other sources of proof. A principled divergence, without seeking to collapse the gaps between legal and scientific approaches, but taking certain small steps, could reduce current problems of proof and contribute to better‐informed, more empirically grounded decisions.
Intermediary Objective Based Optimization Method for Field Focusing through an Inhomogeneous Medium

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Generating target focused fields through a strongly inhomogeneous medium is an interesting and challenging problem in electromagnetics. In this article, we present an intermediary objective based optimization method for solving this problem. Compared with direct optimization methods, the proposed approach does not need to re-iterate for obtaining the array excitations when the target positions of the focused fields changes. Several full-wave simulation experiments were conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Providing additional information about the benefits of statins in a leaflet for patients with coronary heart disease: a qualitative study of the impact on attitudes and beliefs

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objective To explore the impact of providing additional information about the potential benefits of simvastatin in a patient leaflet on attitudes and beliefs. Design Interview-based study using a generic qualitative approach and framework analysis. Participants 21 participants receiving a prescription for simvastatin were recruited from a general practitioner practice (from a total of 120). 8 participants were women; the age range was 55–92. Intervention Participants were provided with leaflets showing one of 3 types of additional benefit information: (1) textual statement, (2) number needed to treat (NNT) or (3) natural frequency. Semistructured interviews explored patient's attitudes and beliefs. Results A descriptive narrative of preferences for format suggested patients prefer textual as opposed to numerical benefit information. Significant barriers to the acceptance of numerical benefit information included difficulty in understanding the numbers. Patients overestimated the benefits of statins and expressed surprise at the numerical information. Conclusions Textual information was preferred but numerical information, in particular in the form of a natural frequency, may help patients make judgements about their medicines. NNTs were found to be very difficult to understand. This raises the prospect that some patients might reject medicines because of disappointment with the perceived low benefits of their medicines. The self-reported impact on behaviour appeared minimal with reports of intentions to ‘do what the doctor tells me’. Further research is needed to explore the impact of such statements on people who are yet to be prescribed a statin.
Assessment of knee pain from MRI scans using a convolutional Siamese network

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Objectives It remains difficult to characterize pain in knee joints with risk of osteoarthritis solely by radiographic findings. We sought to understand if advanced machine learning methods such as deep neural networks can be used to predict and identify the structural features that are associated with knee pain. Methods We constructed a convolutional Siamese network to associate MRI scans obtained on subjects from the Osteoarthritis Initiative (OAI) with frequent unilateral knee pain (n=1,529) comparing their knee with frequent pain to the contralateral knee without pain. The Siamese network architecture enabled pairwise learning of information from two-dimensional (2D) sagittal intermediate-weighted turbo spin echo slices obtained from similar locations on both knees. Class activation mapping (CAM) was utilized to create saliency maps, which highlighted the regions that were most associated with knee pain. The MRI scans and the CAMs of each subject were reviewed by a radiologist to identify the presence of abnormalities within the model-predicted regions of high association. Results Using 10-fold cross validation, our model achieved an area under curve (AUC) value of 0.808. When individuals whose knee WOMAC pain scores were not discordant were excluded, model performance increased to 0.853. The radiologist review revealed that about 86% of the cases that were predicted correctly had effusion-synovitis within the regions that were most associated with pain. Conclusions This study demonstrates a proof of principle that deep learning can be applied to assess knee pain from MRI scans.
Data Assimilation

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The article provides a statistical overview of data assimilation (DA). DA is a class of time‐dependent estimation methods that determine the state (and parameters) of a dynamic system using available observations. It is used with the complex numerical models that govern ocean and atmospheric circulation. The state space model provides a useful statistical framework for understanding DA. The two most commonly used DA approaches are detailed here: (i) variational methods (a regression approach) and (ii) the ensemble Kalman filter (a sequential Monte Carlo method).
Effects of N,P and K Fertilizers Application Rates on the Yield and Quality Traits of Rice

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The effects of N,P and K fertilizers application rates on the yield and quality traits of rice were studied using the orthogonal design with three factors and five levels.The results showed that the yield traits affected by N application were ranked in the following sequence:terrestrial dry matterpanicle number per plantgrain weight per plantroot dry weightgrain-straw ratioeconomic coefficient,and as for quality traits,the order was protein contenttaste valuestriped grain ratenormal kernel ratemealy kernel rate.When the high yield was set as the objective,the N application rate was 276-414 kg/hm2,which was in accordance with the practical fertilization level in Tianjin at present.When the high quality was set as the objective,the pure nitrogen application rate should be below or equal to 138 kg/hm2,that is to say,rice cultivation for high quality should decrease N fertilizers application rates.