jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The Wheels of Change: Technology Adoption, Millwrights, and the Persistence in Britain's Industrialization

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper examines the effect of the early adoption of technology on the evolution of human capital and industrialization. We argue that mechanical skills and competence were a main determinant of the location of industry on the eve of the Industrial Revolution. It concentrates on the case of millwrights, eighteenth century specialists in advanced carpentry and hydraulic machinery. Millwrights were a key part of the upper-tail of the distribution of mechanical abilities. Their emergence was determined by the early adoption of watermills in the Middle Ages as recorded in the Domesday Book survey (1086). Their location displays considerable persistence.
A Chronic Precipitant for Acute Intermittent Porphyria

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Acute intermittent porphyria (AIP) is a rare inherited disorder of heme metabolism caused by a heterozygous, loss-of-function mutation affecting the enzyme porphobilinogen deaminase (PBGD). The remaining enzymatic activity is sufficient to avoid accumulation of intermediate metabolites until hepatic heme production is further activated, i.e. by a precipitant.
Ovarialkarzinomrezidiv: Sollte operiert werden oder reicht die medikamentöse Therapie?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<b>Background:</b> The role of secondary cytoreductive surgery in recurrent ovarian cancer (ROC) has been under debate for decades. A recent trial in unselected patients (pts) failed to show an OS benefit. <b>Methods:</b> Pts with ROC and 1st relapse after 6+ months (mos) platinum-free interval (TFIp) were eligible if they presented with a positive AGO-score (PS ECOG 0, ascites ≤500 ml, and complete resection at initial surgery) and were prospectively randomized to second-line chemotherapy alone vs. cytoreductive surgery followed by the same chemotherapy; platinum combination therapy was recommended. OS was primary endpoint in this superiority trial. <b>Results:</b> 407pts were randomized 2010–2014. The TFIp exceeded 12 mos in 75% of pts. 206 pts were allocated to the surgery arm of whom finally 187 (91%) were operated. A complete resection was achieved in 75%; almost 90% in both arms received a platinum-containing second-line chemo. Primary endpoint analysis showed median OS of 53.7 mos with and 46.2 mos without surgery (HR 0.76, 95%CI 0.59–0.97, p = 0.03); median PFS was 18.4 and 14 mos (HR: 0.66, 95%CI 0.54–0.82, p &#x3c; 0.001), median time to start of first subsequent therapy (TFST) was 17.9 vs. 13.7 mos in favor of the surgery arm (HR 0.65, 95%CI 0.52–0.81, p &#x3c; 0.001). An analysis according to treatment showed an OS benefit exceeding 12 mos for pts with complete resection (CR) compared to pts without surgery (median 60.7 vs. 46.2 mos); pts with surgery and incomplete resection even did worse (median 28.8 mos). 60 d mortality rates were 0 and 0.5% in the surgery and no-surgery arm. Re-laparotomies were performed in 3.7% of operated pts. Further grade 3/4 adverse events did not differ significantly between arms. <b>Conclusions:</b> This is the first surgical study demonstrating a meaningful survival benefit in OC: Surgery in pts with first relapse and TFIp of 6+ mos and selected by a positive AGO-Score resulted in a significant increase of OS, PFS and TFST with acceptable morbidity and, therefore, should be offered to suitable pts. The benefit was exclusively seen in pts with CR indicating the importance of both the optimal selection of pts (eg. by AGO score) and of centres with expertise and a high chance of achieving a CR. Clinical trial information: NCT01166737.
Putting the Pieces Back Together

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Kintsugi is the ancient Japanese art form of repairing broken pieces with lacquer. It is highly regarded as an art form that represents the beauty of scars and life after destruction. Currently, the field of art therapy has little literature on how destruction of art can be used in the field to aid clients. This study was dedicated to researching a new art directive based on the kintsugi form of art making and its philosophies. To assess the therapeutic value of the destruction of art, the chosen population was millennials, an age group that is misunderstood. This study aims to show that this directive can help this age group process through their shame and guilt, and in turn build resiliency and self-forgiveness. Participants engaged in a three-part art making process and eleven short interview questions focused on their experience. They were asked to create artwork, destroy it, and then use the pieces to either repair it or create something new. Qualitative data was analyzed to assess the experience of the participants. Overall, the results showed that this directive was effective in evoking feelings of resiliency and self-forgiveness. It is hoped that this study can further the conversation on using kintsugi and other types of destructive art in the field of art therapy.
Michael Haneke

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Hanekes Filme sind preisgekrönt und umstritten. Sie sind formbewusst gestaltet und stellen auf provokative Art moralisch brisante Themen dar. Die erzählten Geschichten sind sowohl realistisch als auch modellhaft. Sie bieten keine offensichtlichen psychologischen Erklärungen und gesellschaftlichen Lösungen für die dargebotenen Charaktere und deren Konflikte. Dieses Buch erklärt die Formstrenge sowie die Medienreflexivität der Filme Hanekes und diskutiert auch die Fragen nach der Gewaltdarstellung und der moralischen Wirkung. Alle Kinofilme Hanekes, bis hin zu Happy End, werden analysiert. Darüber hinaus werden auch die Fernsehfilme Hanekes und seine Operninszenierungen in den Blick genommen. Die Interpretationen liefern Informationen zu den Produktions- und Rezeptionshintergründen der Filme sowie eingehende Analysen der Handlung und der audiovisuellen Gestaltung. Jedes Filmkapitel wird zudem mit einer exemplarischen Szenenanalyse abgeschlossen.
Are we all saussureans now?

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Summary This paper addresses the question whether all of the most important linguistic theories of the 20th century are Saussurean. Beginning with Engler’s observation that there are so many interpretive possibilities in the Saussurean material which has appeared that it is even possible for opposing viewpoints to be Saussurean, the discussion ranges over European and American theorists from Bloomfield to Roy Harris, and questions to what extent each followed the Genevan master.
Pseudospectral Methods of Solution of the Linear and Linearized Boltzmann Equations; Transport and Relaxation

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The study of the solution of the linearized Boltzmann equation has a very long history arising from the classic work by Chapman and Cowling. For small departures from a Maxwellian, the nonlinear Boltzmann equation can be linearized and the transport coefficients calculated with the Chapman‐Enskog approach. This procedure leads to a set of linear integral equations which are generally solved with the expansion of the departure from Maxwellian in Sonine polynomials. The method has been used successfully for many decades to compare experimental transport data in atomic gases with theory generally carried out for realistic atom‐atom differential cross sections. There are alternate pseudospectral methods which involve the discretization of the distribution function on a discrete grid. This paper considers a pseudospectral method of solution of the linearized hard sphere Boltzmann equation for the viscosity in a simple gas. The relaxation of a small departure from a Maxwellian is also considered for the linear test particle problem with unit mass ratio which is compared with the relaxation for the linearized one component Boltzmann equation.
Topographic organization in the cerebellar nuclei and inferior olive in relation to cerebellar hemispheric lobules in the mouse: Distinction between crus I and neighboring lobules

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract The parallel closed‐loop topographic connections between subareas of the inferior olive (IO), cerebellar cortex, and cerebellar nuclei (CN) define the fundamental modular organization of the cerebellum. The cortical modules or zones are organized into longitudinal zebrin stripes which are extended across transverse cerebellar lobules. However, how cerebellar lobules, which are related to the cerebellar functional localization, are incorporated into the olivo‐cortico‐nuclear topographic organization has not been fully clarified. In the present study, we analyzed the lobular topography in the CN and IO by making 57 small bidirectional tracer injections in the lateral zebrin‐positive stripes equivalent with C2, D1, and D2 zones in every hemispheric lobule in zebrin stripe‐visualized mice. C2, D1, and D2 zones were connected to the lateral part of the posterior interpositus nucleus (lPIN), and caudal and rostral parts of the lateral nucleus (cLN, rLN), respectively, and from the rostral part of the medial accessory olive (rMAO), and ventral and dorsal lamellas of the PO (vPO, dPO), respectively, as reported. Within these areas, crus I was specifically connected to the ventral parts of the lPIN, cLN, and rLN, and from the rostrolateral part of the rMAO and the lateral parts of the vPO and dPO. The results indicated that the cerebellar modules have lobule‐related subdivisions and that crus I is topographically distinct from other lobules. We speculate that crus I and crus I‐connected subdivisions in the CN and IO are involved more in nonmotor functions than other neighboring areas in the mouse.
Morphological ontogeny of Ctenobelba pilosella (Acari: Oribatida: Ctenobelbidae), with comments on Ctenobelba Balogh

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The morphological ontogeny of Ctenobelba pilosella Jeleva, 1962 is described and illustrated. This species was investigated from its description mainly in ecological aspect. It was recorded from the forest and meadow soils, with rather low density, and small percent of juveniles.The adult is of medium size and has setiform bothridial seta, with 6–10 anterior spines. Notogaster is covered with asteriform granules and has 10 pairs of medium size, barbed setae. Seta d is absent from genua I–III and all tibia. Bothridial seta of juveniles is setiform and barbed, prodorsal and gastronotal setae are short, except of medium size ro and long, curved inwards lp. Nymphs are quadrideficient and eupheredermous i.e. they carry the exuvial scalps of previous instars. Anal valves of protonymph and deutonymph have two pairs of alveolar setae, which is rare in Brachypylina. The juveniles have seta d on all genua and tibiae.
Mapping the Geothermal Potential of the Shallow Underground – A Geophysical Approach

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The use of near surface geothermal energy (borehole heat exchangers and heat pump) for heating can save energy and reduce CO2-reduction if the borehole heat exchangers are properly designed. The required length of borehole heat exchangers depends on the thermal conductivity of the underground. An approach for an assessment of thermal conductivity by geophysical techniques (resistivity and NMR) is discussed in this paper.
Drivers and Barriers in the Adoption of Green Heating and Cooling Technologies: Policy and Market Implications for Europe

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Space heating and cooling (H&C) constitute nearly half of Europe’s total energy consumption, yet only 23% of this demand is fulfilled by renewable sources. Green H&C technologies, characterized by both renewable energy usage and energy efficiency, remain underutilized despite their significant environmental and economic advantages. This study aims to identify the socio-economic barriers and drivers influencing the adoption of green H&C technologies across Europe. Employing a comprehensive analysis of policy, technological, and market dynamics, this study indicates how a synergy of policy frameworks and market forces can enhance the diffusion of these sustainable technologies. The results showed that key barriers, including dependence on fossil fuels, electricity supply challenges, lack of professional know-how, inertia, and concerns over noise and supply security, can be substantially mitigated through strategic policymaking and technological advancements. Moreover, policy measures, subsidies, incentives, R&D activities, and regulatory frameworks can effectively reduce uncertainties and enhance the competitiveness of green H&C systems compared to conventional methods.
Homology-Directed-Repair-Based Genome Editing in HSPCs for the Treatment of Inborn Errors of Immunity and Blood Disorders

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Genome engineering via targeted nucleases, specifically CRISPR-Cas9, has revolutionized the field of gene therapy research, providing a potential treatment for diseases of the blood and immune system. While numerous genome editing techniques have been used, CRISPR-Cas9 homology-directed repair (HDR)-mediated editing represents a promising method for the site-specific insertion of large transgenes for gene knock-in or gene correction. Alternative methods, such as lentiviral/gammaretroviral gene addition, gene knock-out via non-homologous end joining (NHEJ)-mediated editing, and base or prime editing, have shown great promise for clinical applications, yet all possess significant drawbacks when applied in the treatment of patients suffering from inborn errors of immunity or blood system disorders. This review aims to highlight the transformational benefits of HDR-mediated gene therapy and possible solutions for the existing problems holding the methodology back. Together, we aim to help bring HDR-based gene therapy in CD34+ hematopoietic stem progenitor cells (HSPCs) from the lab bench to the bedside.
Always the Bridesmaid and Never the Bride: Coaching in College Sports

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

It has been well documented that Title IX opened up doors of opportunity for women to participate in sports at all levels. Similarly, players including Jackie Robinson and Sam “Bam” Cunningham paved the way for Black athletes to compete at all levels of sports. It is equally well documented that the world of college sports is, by and large, the world of white men. This paper examines the status of two “underrepresented groups” in college coaching and administration: women and Black men. Using Virginia as a case study, with references to NCAA data for comparison, our analysis reveals that despite increased participation for both women and Blacks, and the overall dominance of Black athletes in some sports, including basketball and track and field, in those same sports the majority of Black men and women are stalled at the ranks of assistant coach, never able to lead a team on their own, and never commanding the kinds of salaries associated with head coaches. Finally, the data in our case study demonstrate that football impacts opportunities for white women and Black men inversely. Cautiously we conclude in this research note by revealing that football increases some opportunities for Black men and suppresses some opportunities for white women.
Factors Related to False-Versus True-Positive Neuromonitoring Changes in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Surgery

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Study Design. A retrospective study of 134 adolescent patients who underwent surgical correction of idiopathic scoliosis between June 1992 and August 1998 was conducted. Objective. To examine factors related to changes in somatosensory-evoked potentials with or without neurogenic motor-evoked potentials. Summary of Background Data. Studies document and demonstrate threshold criteria for changes in neuromonitoring that predict changes in spinal cord function. Rates of false-negative occurrences are low, yet higher rates of false-positive findings may result. Methods. All the patients had somatosensory monitoring, and 71 patients had both somatosensory-evoked potential and neurogenic motor-evoked potential monitoring. Gender, age, curve types, duration of surgery, type and amount of instrumentation, and amount of correction were examined for their effects on monitoring. Estimated blood volume loss as well as high and low mean arterial pressure and its variance were assessed at the start, middle, and conclusion of the procedure. Results. According to the findings, 122 patients (91%) had no monitoring changes and no postoperative neurologic deficit. Six patients (4.5%) had false-positive readings. Six patients had a postoperative motor or sensory deficit, all of which resolved within 18 months. False-positive readings were associated with greater variability in mean arterial pressure. No consistent predictions could be made about the incidence of cord injury if neuromonitoring changes returned to baseline before the end of surgery. Conclusions. Questions remain about the predictive accuracy of somatosensory-evoked and neurogenic motor-evoked potentials. According to the findings in this study, in which there were no false-negative readings and a modest false-positive rate, continued use of these methods is recommended. Higher false-positive rates were seen in patients with greater lability in mean arterial pressure. A wake-up test is recommended for all cases in which threshold monitoring changes occur because cases of spinal cord injury may exist even when monitored variables return to baseline.
The impact f age n the jb satisfactin f Turkish academicians

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The aim f this study is t investigate the differences in the levels f Turkish academician&#039;s jb satisfactin accrding t age. Data were btained frm 831 academicians in 26 Universities in Turkey. A ttal f 346 respnses were received, giving a respnse rate f 41,6 percent. The fllwing cnclusins are made: (a) there is psitive Iinear relatinship bebveen age and jb satisfactin, (b) the effect f rank n jb satisfactin is nt as strng as ne might expect, (c) wmen tend t be sliglıtly mre satisfied in their careers than their male cunterparts.
In vivo imaging reveals a phase-specific role of STAT3 during central and peripheral nervous system axon regeneration

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

In the peripheral nervous system (PNS), damaged axons regenerate successfully, whereas axons in the CNS fail to regrow. In neurons of the dorsal root ganglia (DRG), which extend branches to both the PNS and CNS, only a PNS lesion but not a CNS lesion induces axonal growth. How this differential growth response is regulated in vivo is only incompletely understood. Here, we combine in vivo time-lapse fluorescence microscopy with genetic manipulations in mice to reveal how the transcription factor STAT3 regulates axonal regeneration. We show that selective deletion of STAT3 in DRG neurons of STAT3-floxed mice impairs regeneration of peripheral DRG branches after a nerve cut. Further, overexpression of STAT3 induced by viral gene transfer increases outgrowth and collateral sprouting of central DRG branches after a dorsal column lesion by more than 400%. Notably, repetitive in vivo imaging of individual fluorescently labeled PNS and CNS axons reveals that STAT3 selectively regulates initiation but not later perpetuation of axonal growth. With STAT3, we thus identify a phase-specific regulator of axonal outgrowth. Activating STAT3 might provide an opportunity to “jumpstart” regeneration, and thus prime axons in the injured spinal cord for application of complementary therapies that improve axonal elongation.
Micropuncture study of the mammalian urinary concentrating mechanism: evidence for the countercurrent hypothesis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The osmolality was determined of fluid collected by micropuncture from proximal and distal convolutions, loops of Henle, collecting ducts and vasa recta of kidneys of various rodents with and without osmotic diuresis. Proximal tubular fluid was isosmotic; in the presence of antidiuretic hormone, early distal fluid was hypo-osmotic due to the prior reabsorption of sodium chloride, and late distal fluid again isosmotic. The hyperosmotic concentration of the urine is established in the collecting ducts, apparently as a consequence, in part at least, of the hyperosmotic reabsorption of sodium chloride in the loops of Henle. Fluid from the bends of loops of Henle, and from collecting ducts and vasa recta at the same level were equally hyperosmotic, consistent with the hypothesis that the mammalian nephron functions as a countercurrent multiplier system. The vasa recta are believed to play an important role in the concentration of the urine by functioning as countercurrent diffusion exchangers.
Use of Casual Loop Diagrams and Systems Analysis to Explore Alternative Climate Change Adaptation Strategies in Seyhan River Basin, Turkey

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Within a UN Joint Programme titled “Enhancing the Capacity of Turkey to Adapt to Climate Change” a systems approach workshop was carried out in Adana, Turkey with broad stakeholder participation. The participants applied systems thinking approach, causal loop diagramming methodology and systems analysis to examine the potential impacts of projected climatic changes on natural ecosystems and socio-economical systems, as well as to explore the alternative adaptation strategies to cope with the potential negative outcomes of the climatic change in Seyhan River Basin. This paper synthesizes the outcomes of this workshop, identifies major climate change impacts and clarifies the priority adaptation measures for managing climate change vulnerability in the Seyhan River Basin. Availability and quality of water, and their implications for the region are considered to be the major priority area by the workshop participants. Results suggest that there is need for adaptive measures with an integrated water management perspective considering: • Availability and supply of ground/surface water to maintain natural ecosystems, the goods and services they provide, agricultural productivity and food security; • Efficient use of water for agricultural, residential and industrial purposes; • Drought and flood management; • Capacity building among the regional stakeholders in terms of climate change impacts and adaptation measures.
Sea urchin genes expressed in activated coelomocytes are identified by expressed sequence tags (ESTs): complement homologues and other putative immune response genes suggest immune system homology within the deuterostomes

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

To identify some of the genes expressed in LPS-activated coelomocytes, we sequenced randomly chosen clones from a directionally constructed cDNA library to produce a set of expressed sequence tags (ESTs). Deduced amino acid sequences from 307 ESTs were compared with known protein sequences in GenBank, and significant matches to approximately 30 % of the clones were identified. Eighty-nine clones matched to 55 different proteins, including several putative immune effector proteins. In this work, we show the first identification of an invertebrate homologue of a vertebrate C component. Another EST matches to several short consensus repeats that are characteristic of a variety of proteins, including CR/regulatory proteins and clotting factors. Additional putative immune effector genes include 1) a Kazal-type protease inhibitor that may function to inactivate bacterial proteases, 2) a C-type lectin similar to echinoidin, and 3) a serine protease with similarities to thrombin, elastase, haptoglobin, and plasmin. Other EST categories include 1) cell surface proteins and receptors, 2) proteins involved in signaling systems, 3) lysosomal and secreted proteins, 4) cytoskeletal and cytoskeletal modifying proteins, 5) general cell function proteins, 6) proteins with unknown function, and 7) ESTs without significant matches, 25 with open reading frames. Many of the ESTs identified in this study represent the types of genes expected to be used in lower deuterostome immune functions. The