jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
RF1.1 Sports and Functional Recovery After Periacetabular Osteotomy for Hip Dysplasia: A Retrospective Analysis with Minimum Two-Year Follow-Up

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Introduction Hip joint preservation surgery has traditionally been evaluated by survivorship rates and outcomes related to daily activities. However, younger adults have higher demands and expectations regarding hip function, including participation in sports and sexual activities. Method A retrospective analysis was conducted on patients treated between 2020 and 2023, with a minimum follow-up of 2 years and a mean follow-up of 3.41 years (range, 2–4.67 years). Data collected included demographics, radiographic measurements, complications, and patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs), specifically the UCLA Activity Score and Hip Outcome Score (HOS). Results A total of 42 patients with hip dysplasia were treated with periacetabular osteotomy at a single center by two surgeons. Among them, 92.8% were female, with a mean age of 26.7 years and a mean BMI of 24.2. Additionally, 81% had no comorbidities, while 20% had obesity, tobacco use, or depression. Radiographically, there was a mean Wiberg angle correction of 17.7° (range: 17.6° to 35.4°), an Anterior Center-Edge Angle correction of 20.1° (range: 19.2° to 39.3°), and a Tönnis angle correction of 14.6° (range: 16.1° to 1.4°). Labral tears or damage were present in 97% of cases. Significant improvements in functional and sports activities were observed (p &lt; 0.05) at the two-year follow-up: 75% of patients achieved excellent function in HOS–Activities of Daily Living, 54.4% achieved excellent sport function in HOS–Sport Activities, and 41.6% reached a score of 10 on the UCLA Activity Score. There was a low incidence of postoperative complications, with no conversions to total hip arthroplasty observed to date. Patients reported minimal to no episodes of pain or functional limitations during sexual activity. Conclusion Periacetabular osteotomy is a safe procedure that provides significant functional outcome improvements in daily activities and sport function at minimum 2 years of follow up.
Human Liver Neoplasia and Steroid Exposure

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This study examines experience with over 250 liver tumors in young women. Most were oral contraceptive related. There were two distinct benign liver tumor types: focal nodular hyperplasia and liver cell adenoma. Six benign liver tumors were examined for estrogen receptors. They did not contain significant quantities of estrogen receptor, supporting experimental studies of an epigenetic origin. Multiple tumors occurred in about 20% of cases but did not change the favorable prognosis associated with benign tumors. The most significant source of morbidity and mortality was spontaneous hemorrhage or rupture. Twenty-three women in this series had hepatocellular carcinoma and the majority of these were associated with prolonged steroid usage. These malignant liver tumors occurred in young females without cirrhosis or other factors known to be associated with hepatic malignancy. Unlike “hepatocellular carcinomas” reported in males taking anabolic androgenic steroids, the tumors in females had a high rate of metastasis to a variety of organs. The risk of liver tumors in oral contraceptive users remains unknown, but must be very small since an estimated 150 million women worldwide and 40 million in the U.S.A. have used oral contraceptives.
Cybersecurity Threats and Solutions in Autonomous Vehicles

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract—The integration of autonomous vehicles into modern transportation systems introduces both transformative potential and significant cybersecurity challenges. This paper examines the critical importance of cybersecurity in autonomous vehicles, highlighting key threats such as remote hacking, sensor spoofing, and data breaches that jeopardize vehicle safety and user privacy. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, the study combines quantitative data analysis with qualitative case studies to thoroughly assess these vulnerabilities. Additionally, it evaluates a range of solutions, including advanced intrusion detection systems, robust encryption protocols, and machine learning-driven threat prevention methods. The findings reveal that while technological advancements offer effective countermeasures, continuous innovation and collaboration among manufacturers, cybersecurity experts, and regulatory bodies are crucial in adapting to evolving threats. This research provides strategic insights and practical recommendations for enhancing the security of autonomous vehicles, thereby safeguarding public safety and reinforcing trust in automated transportation systems. Index Terms—Cybersecurity, Autonomous Vehicles, Threat Analysis, Intrusion Detection, Vehicle-to- Everything (V2X), Data Privacy
Choice of Cutting Conditions for Basalt Fiber Reinforced Polymers

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract—The prospects of using basalt fiber reinforced polymers (BFRPs) in various industries are analyzed. The types of cutting tools used for machining of basalt-fiber-based PCMs are investigated. The results of machining BFRP samples by an end mill made of R6AM5 high-speed steel using a computer numerical control machine under various conditions (upon varying the tool rotational speed and the cutting speed) without and with a lubricating cutting fluid are presented. The quality of the cut surface is estimated using microanalysis performed on an optical microscope. The optimum conditions of cutting BFRP up to 3 mm thick by an end mill made of high-speed steel have been determined. The absorption of the cutting fluid by BFRP after machining is analyzed. The best quality of the cut surface is found to be achieved using the cutting fluid under soft machining conditions or without the cutting fluid under severe machining conditions.
Second Language Learners’ Performance on Non-Isomorphic Cross-Language Cognates in Translation

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Do adult L2 English bilingual speakers have difficulty with cognate words whose meanings are distinct across their two languages? This study explored the extent to which variations in meaning in cross-language cognates affect translation performance in a translation task by L2 English (L1 Spanish) speakers who learned English as adults. A prep-phase experiment was conducted to test native English-speakers’ predicted completions of the study’s stimuli sentences, in order to choose the optimal stimuli for the primary experiment. The method for the primary experiment of this study consisted of a web-based translation task of 120 sentences from Spanish to English, while controlling for polysemy and frequency. The results showed that adult L2 learners of English did experience difficulty when translating cognates in sentences from their L1 to their L2. The interaction of the Spanish word’s polysemous nature, Spanish word frequency, English target frequency and English cognate frequency played a role in the participants’ performance.
A dasymetric method to apportion tornado casualty counts spatially

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

This paper describes a dasymetric technique to spatially apportion casualty counts from tornado events in the U.S. Storm Prediction Center's database. Apportionment is performed with respect to the proportion of damage path area and to the underlying population density. The method is illustrated with raster grids on tornadoes occurring between 1955 and 2015 within the most tornado-prone region of the United States. Validation of the results using county- and grid-level data reveals strong correlation between dasymetric estimated and location-specific counts. On a broad spatial scale the method provides a better estimate of where casualties have occurred than counting the number of casualty-producing tornadoes. Case studies using the 1974 Xenia, OH and the 1994 Piedmont, AL tornadoes highlight limitations of the method and indicate that results will be improved with more precise tornado path information. Future work that includes socioeconomic variables (demographics, ethnicity, poverty and housing stock/value) might allow populations to be profiled with regards to vulnerability.
An efficient decoder architecture for cyclic non-binary LDPC codes

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper proposes a hybrid message-passing decoding algorithm which consumes very low computational complexity, while achieving competitive error performance compared with conventional min-max algorithm. Simulation result on a (255,175) cyclic code shows that this algorithm obtains at least 0.5dB coding gain over other state-of-the-art low-complexity non-binary LDPC (NB-LDPC) decoding algorithms. Based on this algorithm, a partial-parallel decoder architecture is implemented for cyclic NB-LDPC codes, where the variable node units are redesigned and the routing network is optimized for the proposed algorithm. Synthesis results demonstrate that about 24.3% gates and 12% memories can be saved over previous works.
SU-E-T-727: MR-Based Contour Density Override for Proton Dose Calculation: A Dosimetric Evaluation On Head and Neck Cases

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose: To examine the feasibility of using MR-based contour density override for proton radiotherapy dose calculation and to evaluate the sensitivity of MR-based dose calculation in current treatment planning algorithms. Methods: Ten head and neck patients with both CT and MR images available were selected for this study. Target volumes, organs-at-risk and other tissues were manually contoured on MR, and patient outline from CT was used to minimize geometric distortion. Two separate bone contours, one according to MR and the other according to CT, were defined to examine the effect of heterogeneity. Treatment plans were generated on CT following standard clinical protocol. MR-based comparison plans were generated by overriding the proton relative stopping power (RSP) of individual contours. RSP values used for adipose tissue, air cavities, nerves, soft tissues and bones were 0.95, 0.04, 1.04, 1.0 and 1.5, respectively. Results: Agreement between CT and MR-based proton dose calculations was observed when the bone contour is defined by HU>200. Difference in target coverage evaluated using CTV V99% had a median value of 0.6%, with a maximum deviation of 6.9%. Difference in maximum dose to critical structures such as optical nerves, chiasm, brainstem and cord had a median value of 0.9Gy(RBE), or 1.5% of Rx dose. However, the maximum dose difference in these critical organs can be up to 20% Rx dose in one of the ten cases. Difference between CT and MR-defined bone contours contributed to large discrepancies observed between CT and MR-based proton dose calculations in both target coverage and organ sparing. Conclusion: Proton dose calculation is more sensitive to heterogeneity than using photons. Delineating a bony structure in MR that follows CT is critical in reaching agreement between CT and MR-based proton dose calculations for current pencil-beam algorithm.
Kulturtechniken und Souveränität

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

"The text mirrors a theory of cultural technology, which takes culture at its word and the technology of (cultural?) cultivation reclaims the word 'colore'. Cultural technology always asserts a predilection to symbolic order, but it not only institutes symbolic order, but contradicts it as well. After all, the conductors and media of cultural technology dare to put into question the presumption of a sovereign subject which is the master of the constituative processes for culture. Rectitude is challenged to respond to this break-down of the classic sovereign teachings of symbolic order and allow the conductors and media a position other than that of only a means to a legitimately sanctioned end."
Comparisons of Shredded Newspaper and Wheat Straw as Crop Mulches

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This study compared shredded newspaper, wheat straw ( Triticum aestivum L.) mulch, and bare soil as surface treatments under sweet corn [ Zea mays L., var. Saccharata (Surt.)], field corn ( Z. mays L.), soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.], and processing tomatoes ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). In a replicated study with limited mechanical weed control and no chemical weed control in 1990, and no weed control except for the mulch in 1991, the mulches provided a cooler, moister soil environment and effective suppression of most annual and some perennial weeds. The rank order of yields was the same for all three crops in 1990: newspaper mulch > wheat straw mulch > bare soil cover. In 1991 the rank order for yield was: soybeans/newspaper mulch > wheat straw > bare soil ( P < 0.01); field corn/newspaper mulch > bare soil > wheat straw ( P > 0.10). The straw and newspaper mulches had similar effects on yield, weed control, soil moisture, and soil temperature. They were significantly different from bare soil in many crop and mulch combinations studied. A brief evaluation of high rates of newspaper mulch showed no apparent growth problems for corn and soybeans and no heavy metal accumulation in the soil. Since shredded newspaper from community recycling programs in available at low cost ($40-50/ton vs. $90-100/ton for straw), this material is an attractive soil-management alternative in horticultural and agronomic production systems.
On ‘lagging behind’ and ‘catching-up’ – postcolonialism and China

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In the following article, I will provide an overview of some postcolonial works on mainland China. So far, such works have regrettably failed to form a consistent theoretical discourse. Thus, my overview will assemble fragmented works on different phenomena and suggest theoretical perspectives they have in common. Thus, this article will organize literature around common theoretical concepts and concerns, not around material objects of research. After a short critical debate on the role of postcolonialism in China Studies and their relation with official Chinese discourse, I will focus on three key topics: (1) modernity and Modernization, including the idea of China 'lagging behind'; (2) orientalism as a stereotype discourse on Chinese characteristics produced both by 'Western' observers and as self-orientalization in China; and (3) occidentalism as a stereotype discourse about 'the West' produced in China.
Assessment through, of and for play

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The second edition of Play in the Early Years provides a comprehensive introduction to pedagogy and play in early years education settings. Drawing on classical and contemporary theories, this text examines social, cultural and institutional approaches to play, and explores a range of strategies for successfully integrating play into classrooms. Thoroughly revised to include the latest methods and research, this edition features new material on intentional teaching, play as learning, digital play, and discipline-specific content. Two new chapters discuss post-structuralist and cultural-historical conceptions of play, and extended practical examples link pedagogical practice to the Early Years Learning Framework (EYLF) and the Australian Curriculum. The text is pedagogically rich, and each chapter is supported by a comprehensive companion website which provides links to videos, readings and supplementary activities. Freshly presented in a new full colour layout and written in an engaging style, Play in the Early Years remains an essential resource for pre-service students and practitioners.
Present or Absent Farm Heads? A Contemporary Reading of Family Farming in Greece

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract The paradoxical picture of Greek agriculture according to which small family farms with fragmented agricultural land remain in the productive system, as well as the increasing feminisation of agriculture and the ageing of farm heads is currently under consideration. Drawing on field research in a rural area of northern Greece, we focus on the official farm heads' cohort and investigate aspects of their involvement in farming, dwelling choices and farmland ownership. The basic aim is to convey an authentic picture of the reality of family farming in modern Greece that often lies concealed behind official figures and myths. In so doing both a quantitative analysis (two‐step cluster analysis) of 1,295 farm heads and interview narratives were used. The fiction created in rural Greece and the heterogeneity of farm heads (absent or present from the village or the farm, or both) is the result of cross‐cutting issues: administrative and policy framework, the proliferation of rural development programmes, the way that ownership of the farmland is conflated with headship of the farm, the spatial mobility of the rural population, multiple dwelling‐places and the struggle of the family farm to preserve its agricultural identity and survive through times of rural restructuring and socioeconomic instability.
Attempt to define morphological parameters enabling sex determination of Ips typographus (Linaeus, 1758) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) using PCA and CLU

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

There are only two known methods for determining the sex of Ips typographus (L.) - dissection that can­not be used with live beetles and by distinguishing between the density of the hairs on the head, a less reliable method that requires experienced personnel. As a result, we have sought to find a more reliable method of sex determination for I. typographus which can be used with live specimens but is still reliable and easy to conduct. The aim of the article is to explore the inner structure in data from measurements of morphological parameters of spruce bark beetles and to find correlations which could be used for sex determination. The number of beetles in our sample was 110, all from the first trapping of one pheromone trap. The statistical methods of principal components analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CLU) were used to support any correlation between the sex parameter and other morphological parameters (weight, elytra length, elytra width, pronotum length, pronotum width). As no correlation was found in the case of sex, we can claim that it is not possible to determine sex according to the examined morphological parameters. However, we have found an interesting inner structure in the data and it was confirmed that even weight is slightly correlated with other morphological parameters.
Author response: Association of statin use with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage: A cohort study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We appreciate Prof. Goldstein's response to our article.1 As mentioned in the Stroke Prevention by Aggressive Reduction in Cholesterol Levels (SPARCL) trial, high-dose statins use was associated with increased risk of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) among patients with an investigator-designated cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) distribution stroke or ICH at entry.2 To our knowledge, ICH type was not assessed.
Ovarian Function in Girls with McCune-Albright Syndrome

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

FOSTER, CAROL M.; FEUILLAN, PENELOPE; PADMANABHAN, VASANTHA; PESCOVITZ, ORA H.; BEITINS, INESE Z.; COMITE, FLORENCE; SHAWKER, THOMAS H.; LORIAUX, LYNN D.; CUTLER, GORDON B. JR. Author Information
Dimension Reduction Based Non-Parametric Disaggregation for Dependence Modeling in Composite System Reliability Evaluation

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The correlated variation of bus loads and wind powers has posed a challenge to power system security. How to construct an accurate dependence model becomes vital for power system reliability evaluation. Most currently used methods in estimating the multivariate probability density function (PDF) not only ignore the aggregation constraint but also encounter the curse of dimensionality. In this paper, a new non-parametric disaggregation (ND) technique is presented to disaggregate an aggregate variable (e.g. system load) into non-aggregate variables (e.g. bus loads) while meeting the aggregation constraint. An innovative hierarchical dimension reduction technique is proposed and integrated into the ND model to transform a high-dimensional conditional PDF estimation into some low-dimensional estimations, which effectively resolves the difficulty associated with high dimensionality. The above two techniques are incorporated into an effective three-stage conditional sampling method to form the proposed dimension reduction based ND model (DRND) for high-dimensional dependence modeling in composite system reliability evaluation. The validity of the proposed DRND is verified by three test systems, i.e. MRTS79, MRTS96, and the latest RTS-GMLC.
Implication of investment mediation: a possible path to tax-related investment dispute resolution regime

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract The growing convergence between international investment law and international tax law will result in a gradual rise in investment conflicts connected to taxation. Nevertheless, the utilization of international investment arbitration as stipulated in bilateral investment treaties (BITs) proves to be an inadequate method for resolving investment disputes connected to taxation. This article examines the limitations of international investment arbitration and, based on these drawbacks, the article proposes the use of mediation as a supplementary approach to resolving tax-related investment disputes, with the aim of enhancing the efficiency of the tax-related investment dispute resolution mechanism. Due to its adaptable and confidential nature, cost–effectiveness, and straightforward process, mediation has been increasingly included as a method for resolving investment disputes in many BITs and Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) in recent years. Previously, mediation did not have a reliable international enforcement mechanism. However, the provisions of the Singapore Mediation Convention address this issue. Mediation can be included as an optional provision in investment agreements, allowing the parties involved in a disagreement to voluntarily engage in a process of resolving their differences. Enhancing the integration between arbitration and mediation systems will facilitate the adoption of mediation in international investment arbitration.
Results from a comparison of HCN measurements and Lagrangian backtrajectory analyses in the Asian Summer Monsoon Anticyclone

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

&lt;p&gt;The StratoClim aircraft field campaign took place from Kathmandu, Nepal, in summer 2017 in&lt;br&gt;order to study the atmospheric composition, chemistry, and dynamics in the Asian Summer&lt;br&gt;Monsoon Anticyclone (ASMA) which is known to transport surface emissions to the mid-latitude&lt;br&gt;lower stratosphere and the stratosphere worldwide. Hydrogen cyanide (HCN) which is primarily&lt;br&gt;emitted from biomass burning and has a UTLS lifetime on the order of 1-2 years is a good tracer for&lt;br&gt;biomass burning import into the lower and free stratosphere.&lt;br&gt;HCN in the ASM Upper Troposphere and Lower Stratosphere (UTLS) was measured in-situ&lt;br&gt;employing the Chemical-Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometer FUNMASS on board the&lt;br&gt;high-altitude research aircraft M55-Geophysica. The observed HCN mixing ratios in and above the&lt;br&gt;ASMA exhibit interesting vertical and horizontal signatures around the tropopause as well as in the&lt;br&gt;LS probably resulting from convective activity or air mass origin (AMO). We here compare&lt;br&gt;measured HCN to Lagrangian simulations by the ClaMS and TRACZILLA models which employ&lt;br&gt;two different approaches to represent higher-reaching convective events. The simulations succeed to&lt;br&gt;track some of the observed HCN features back to convective activity or AMO. The quality of the&lt;br&gt;reproduction and further outcomes on the atmospheric relevance will be discussed in the&lt;br&gt;presentation.&lt;/p&gt;