jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Innovative Potential of Russian Regions: Analysis of Formation of Regional Clusters Connected by Technological Chains

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The modern era is characterized by irreversible transformation processes of the economy. First, it is the fall in hydrocarbon prices, which will stimulate the weakening of the economies of oil and gas-dependent regions.Â Secondly, the fourth technological order began to transform into the fifth, which means that the classical production instead of the main centers of value creation are transformed into engineering infrastructure. Third, the globalization of markets defeats any attempt to close borders, which means that in order to achieve success, it is initially necessary to focus on global highly competitive markets, not only on food, but also on labor, knowledge and technology markets. Correlation analysis shows that almost all countries of the world with a developed high-income economy, at the same time top the list of the most innovative States, which once again confirms the action of these trends. Analyzing the economic prospects of Russia, it is important to recognize that the rate of processing and export of petroleum products, the preservation and development of traditional industries, as well as the localization of supply chains are not able to provide the country with economic growth and bring it closer to the most developed economies of the world. In this article we consider innovative development of subjects of Russia. Problems and prospects of innovative development of real sector of economy of regions are revealed. Thus, thanks to a comprehensive study of the motives of global supply chains, recommendations are made for the creation of innovative clusters to improve the economy of Russian regions.
Article: Africa’s LDC Trade: Harnessing the Variable Geometry of the AfCFTA and Beyond

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper looks at the issue of African Least Developed Countries (LDC) as it pertains to trade. It discusses elements relating to their trade performance and the special and differential treatment (SDT) these countries have been receiving in the multilateral setting, and more recently in the context of the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA). It takes a look at elements of variable geometry (i.e., allowing these countries sufficient flexibilities to integrate at their own speed, without missing out on the benefits of increased trade under a ‘Single Undertaking’ of the AfCFTA. The paper also discusses preferences under the World Trade Organization and its Doha Round that have targeted African LDCs and compares these with those of the AfCFTA. It further discusses what role these experiences could play in the realization of the AfCFTA that is responsive to the variable geometry of the African continent, and more importantly how to strategically position and capitalize from the AfCFTA through the agenda setting of international fora.This paper looks at the issue of African Least Developed Countries (LDC) as it pertains to trade. It discusses elements relating to their trade performance and the special and differential treatment (SDT) these countries have been receiving in the multilateral setting, and more recently in the context of the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA). It takes a look at elements of variable geometry (i.e., allowing these countries sufficient flexibilities to integrate at their own speed, without missing out on the benefits of increased trade under a ‘Single Undertaking’ of the AfCFTA. The paper also discusses preferences under the World Trade Organization and its Doha Round that have targeted African LDCs and compares these with those of the AfCFTA. It further discusses what role these experiences could play in the realization of the AfCFTA that is responsive to the variable geometry of the African continent, and more importantly how to strategically position and capitalize from the AfCFTA through the agenda setting of international fora.
Autonomic Dysfunction in Interictal Period in Patients with Migraine

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

\nBackground: migraine is a chronic neurovascular disorder characterized by intermittent attacks of sever headache with or without aura that can include various combinations of neurological, gastrointestinal tract (G.I.T), and autonomic changes, without evidence of primary structural abnormalities. The Autonomic nervous system involvement suggested by many symptoms and signs including nausea, diarrhea, constipation, coldness in the extremities, paroxysmal tachycardia and chest pain.\nObjectives: To evaluate autonomic functions in patients with migraine and to clarify the autonomic dysfunction weather its sympathetic, parasympathetic, or combined. Also to assess the severity of this dysfunction and its relation to age, gender and type of migraine.\nMethods: This study enrolled 60 patients with migraine, 42 females and 18 males with an age range between 14-45 y. with 30 healthy volunteer as control group, The using of a questionnaire paper, autonomic nervous system disability scale and set of autonomic cardiovascular reflexes test were also applied .\nResults: The migraineurs with disabling attack may be prone to autonomic nervous system hypofunction which may be either a risk factor for migraine headache, or be a consequence of frequent disabling attacks, moreover autonomic nervous system dysfunction and migraine may share a common neural substrate. The Parasympathetic part of autonomic nervous system is affected more than sympathetic according to Ewing classification of autonomic function tests which is significant statistically in comparison to control, and 16(26.7%) of patients showed definite dysautonomia(score >2) while 44(73.3%) of patients were normal. Palpitation and postural dizziness are the most frequent symptoms in patients with migraine . Autonomic dysfunction among migraineurs is not rare also prolong course of illness is strongly correlated with autonomic dysfunction which is affect parasympathetic part more than sympathetic, for this reason the clinician should look carefully for the autonomic symptoms when they assess patient with migraine because most of those symptoms were disabling\nConclusions: The assessment of autonomic function tests should be a routine work in patient with migraine. The heart rate response to deep breath and valsalva are simple informative and beside to evaluate the parasympathetic part of autonomic nervous system\n
Standards-compliant HTTP adaptive streaming of static light fields

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Static light fields are an effective technology to precisely visualize complex inanimate objects or scenes, synthetic and real-world alike, in Augmented, Mixed and Virtual Reality contexts. Such light fields are commonly sampled as a collection of 2D images. This sampling methodology inevitably gives rise to large data volumes, which in turn hampers real-time light field streaming over best effort networks, particularly the Internet. This paper advocates the packaging of the source images of a static light field as a segmented video sequence so that the light field can then be interactively network streamed in a quality-variant fashion using MPEG-DASH, the standardized HTTP Adaptive Streaming scheme adopted by leading video streaming services like YouTube and Netflix. We explain how we appropriate MPEG-DASH for the purpose of adaptive static light field streaming and present experimental results that prove the feasibility of our approach, not only from a networking but also a rendering perspective. In particular, real-time rendering performance is achieved by leveraging video decoding hardware included in contemporary consumer-grade GPUs. Important trade-offs are investigated and reported on that impact performance, both network-wise (e.g., applied sequencing order and segmentation scheme for the source images of the static light field) and rendering-wise (e.g., disk-versus-GPU caching of source images). By adopting a standardized transmission scheme and by exclusively relying on commodity graphics hardware, the net result of our work is an interoperable and broadly deployable network streaming solution for static light fields.
Evaluating the Relationship Between The Banking System Stability and The Internal Capital Adequacy Assessment Process: Evidence From The Egyptian Banking Sector

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

In the repercussions of the latest financial crisis that have occurred on the years 2008-2009, to fortify the stability of the banking systems, policy makers, and the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision &ndash; BCBS, together with national regulators have built up a few safety measures, and structures to guarantee that banks establishments keep up adequate capital levels through using risk management tools, in specific the Internal Capital Adequacy Assessment Processes (ICAAP). They all have called for thorough evaluations and assessments for the structure and components of risk management frameworks, tools, and practices whether by banks, regulators, analysts and risk management experts consistently, to ascertain the adequacy of the banking systems, policies, arrangements and techniques for overseeing risks, and guaranteeing the sufficiency of holding appropriate capital levels for confronting normal, as well as adverse and unexpected situations or emergencies. The main objectives of this research study is to shed the light on the ICAAP as one of the main keys of risk management programs, a process by which banks can use to ensure that they operate with an appropriate levels of capital, forward looking processes for capital planning covering a broad range of risks across banks, activities beyond simple capital management, and brings together risk and capital management activities in a form that can be used to support business decisions. The research study shall evaluate the significant relationship between the Banking System Stability (dependent variable) and the Internal Capital Adequacy Assessment Process (ICAAP &ndash; independent variable) with evidence from the Egyptian Banking Sector.
The Emergence of the Modern Malay Administrative Elite. By Khasnor Johan. Singapore: Oxford University Press, 1984. Pp. vii, 230. Preface, Acknowledgements, Contents, Plates, Appendices, Bibliography, Index.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The Emergence of the Modern Malay Administrative Elite. By Khasnor Johan. Singapore: Oxford University Press, 1984. Pp. vii, 230. Preface, Acknowledgements, Contents, Plates, Appendices, Bibliography, Index. - Volume 18 Issue 1
Raymundo Faoro, Reader of Machado de Assis

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract: This paper provides a close reading of Raymundo Faoro’s Machado de Assis: A pirâmide e o trapézio (1974), which shows to what extent Faoro’s intensive reading of Machado de Assis coincided with the retrieval and deepening of his theses on the political formation of Brazil. In the case of Brazilian society during the Second Empire or at the beginning of the Republic—which is the stage for Machado’s characters—Faoro’s thesis combines a synchronic framework and historical process, or diachrony. Synchrony produces a static map; diachrony, movement and passage.
FUNCTIONAL INTERCHANGEABILITY OF DNA REPLICATION GENES IN SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM AND ESCHERICHIA COLI DEMONSTRATED BY A GENERAL COMPLEMENTATION PROCEDURE

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Twenty-four genes from Salmonella typhimurium that affect DNA replication were isolated from a λ-Salmonella genomic library by lysogenic complementation of temperature-sensitive mutants of Salmonella or E. coli, using a new plaque complementation assay. The complementing λ clones, which make red plaques in this assay, and noncomplementing mutant derivatives, which make uncolored plaques, were used to further characterize the temperature-sensitive Salmonella mutants and to establish the functional similarity of E. coli and Salmonella DNA replication genes. For 17 of 18 E. coli mutants representing distinct loci, a Salmonella gene that complemented the mutant was found. This result indicates that single Salmonella replication proteins are able to function in otherwise all E. coli replication complexes and suggests that the detailed properties of Salmonella and E. coli replication proteins are very similar. The other seven Salmonella genes that were cloned were unrelated functionally to any E. coli genes examined. —As an aid to the derivation of chromosomal mutations affecting some of the cloned genes, a general method was developed for placing a transposon in the Salmonella chromosome in a segment corresponding to cloned DNA. Chromosomal mutations were derived in Salmonella affecting a gene (dnaA) that was cloned by complementation of an E. coli mutant by using the transposon-encoded drug resistance as a selectable marker in local mutagenesis.
EFFECTS OF L-SELECTIN BLOCKADE ON PERMEABILITY CHANGES AFTER COMBINED INJURY WITH BURN AND SMOKE INHALATION

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Society of Critical Care Medicine; 27th Educational and Scientific Symposium; San Antonio, Texas, USA; February 4-8, 1998: Oral Presentations: Mechanisms of Organ Injury in Trauma and Burns, Thursday, February 5, 1998 1: 00-2: 40 pm
Bach2 Promotes B Cell Receptor–Induced Proliferation of B Lymphocytes and Represses Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitors

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract BTB and CNC homology 2 (Bach2) is a transcriptional repressor that is required for the formation of the germinal center (GC) and reactions, including class switch recombination and somatic hypermutation of Ig genes in B cells, within the GC. Although BCR-induced proliferation is essential for GC reactions, the function of Bach2 in regulating B cell proliferation has not been elucidated. In this study, we demonstrate that Bach2 is required to sustain high levels of B cell proliferation in response to BCR signaling. Following BCR engagement in vitro, B cells from Bach2-deficient (Bach2−/−) mice showed lower incorporation of BrdU and reduced cell cycle progression compared with wild-type cells. Bach2−/− B cells also underwent increased apoptosis, as evidenced by an elevated frequency of sub-G1 cells and early apoptotic cells. Transcriptome analysis of BCR-engaged B cells from Bach2−/− mice revealed reduced expression of the antiapoptotic gene Bcl2l1 encoding Bcl-xL and elevated expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor (CKI) family genes, including Cdkn1a, Cdkn2a, and Cdkn2b. Reconstitution of Bcl-xL expression partially rescued the proliferation defect of Bach2−/− B cells. Chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments showed that Bach2 bound to the CKI family genes, indicating that these genes are direct repression targets of Bach2. These findings identify Bach2 as a requisite factor for sustaining high levels of BCR-induced proliferation, survival, and cell cycle progression, and it promotes expression of Bcl-xL and repression of CKI genes. BCR-induced proliferation defects may contribute to the impaired GC formation observed in Bach2−/− mice.
Graphene\nand Rice-Straw-Fiber-Based 3D Photothermal\nAerogels for Highly Efficient Solar Evaporation

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Solar-steam\ngeneration is one of the most promising technologies\nto mitigate the issue of clean water shortage using sustainable solar\nenergy. Photothermal aerogels, especially the three-dimensional (3D)\ngraphene-based aerogels, have shown unique merits for solar-steam\ngeneration, such as lightweight, high flexibility, and superior evaporation\nrate and energy efficiency. However, 3D aerogels require much more\nraw materials of graphene, which limits their large-scale applications.\nIn this study, 3D photothermal aerogels composed of reduced graphene\noxide (RGO) nanosheets, rice-straw-derived cellulose fibers, and sodium\nalginate (SA) are prepared for solar-steam generation. The use of\nrice straw fibers as skeletal support significantly reduces the need\nfor the more expensive RGO by 43.5%, turning the rice straw biomass\nwaste into value-added materials. The integration of rice straw fibers\nand RGO significantly enhances the flexibility and mechanical stability\nof the obtained photothermal RGO–SA–cellulose aerogel.\nThe photothermal aerogel shows a strong broad-band light absorption\nof 96–97%. During solar-steam generation, the 3D photothermal\naerogel effectively decreases the radiation and convection energy\nloss while enhancing energy harvesting from the environment, leading\nto an extremely high evaporation rate of 2.25 kg m<sup>–2</sup> h<sup>–1</sup>, corresponding to an energy conversion efficiency\nof 88.9% under 1.0 sun irradiation. The salinity of clean water collected\nduring the evaporation of real seawater is only 0.37 ppm. The materials\nare environmentally friendly and cost-effective, showing great potential\nfor real-world desalination applications.
URN: urn:nbn:de:0028-odes0510-4 Caprellids (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Caprellidae) from shallow waters of the Caribbean coast of Venezuela

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The caprellidean fauna of Venezuela is investigated. Twenty-seven stations in shallow waters of the states Falcón, Carabobo, Aragua, An-zoátegui, Sucre and Nueva Esparta were sampled, and the caprellids were sorted and identified. A total of 3984 specimens were identified; twelve species in eight genera are reported. Two species, Caprella penantis Leach, 1814 and Paracaprella digitimanus Quitete, 1971, are new records for Venezuelan waters. An identification key and illustrations are provided for all caprellid species known from Venezuela, as well as comments on their distribution and ecology.
Numerical Investigation of Nanofluid-based Flow Behavior and Convective Heat Transfer Using Helical Screw

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Numerous industrial and home users have made use of heat transfer devices for the purpose of heat conversion and recovery. For the past half-century, engineers have worked tirelessly to perfect a heat exchanger design that cuts down on power use without sacrificing performance. Most methods of improving heat transfer work by either increasing the effective heat transfer surface area or creating turbulence, which results in lower thermal resistance. In this study, CFD was used to simulate Al2O3 and CuO nanoparticles in the adsorber tube of a parabolic solar collector with N=1 and N=2 turbulators at Re=20000, 60000, and 100000, respectively, and a turbulence strength of 5%. The turbulence strength was calculated as 5% of the total energy of the particles. Heat conduction is improved by the presence of nanoparticles in the base fluid. Therefore, nanofluids are candidates for alternative methods of heat transfer. Torsional turbulator models with N=2 have a greater output temp than those with N=1 because N=2 models have a higher practical heat level. The intake temp is raised from 35 to 46 degrees Celsius thanks to the presence of CuO nanoparticles in the two turbulator adsorber tubes that are close to one another. The Reynolds number invariably makes the Nusselt number higher. In addition, the Nusselt number demonstrates that there are a greater number of CuO nanoparticle models than Al2O3 nanoparticle models. In addition, CuO nanoparticles are more effective than Al2O3 at lowering pressure. When compared to the N=2 dual-turbulator mode, the N=1 single-turbulator mode has 34% more conflict. PECs are greater for models with two turbulators. Over a wide range of Reynolds numbers, the thermal PEC for N=2 models were 12 percentage points higher than that of N=1 models. CuO nanofluid receivers are superior to Al2O3 ones in their ability to convert solar energy into thermal energy. The two-turbulator model with a Reynolds number of 100,000 that uses CuO nanoparticles achieves the maximum thermal efficiency.
Assessment of Hygrothermal Conditions in a Farrowing Room with a Wet-Pad Cooling System Based on CFD Simulation and Field Measurements

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

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Hot weather can stress livestock. The damage is even more serious when the heat is combined with heavy humidity. The wet-pad evaporative cooling systems commonly adopted in southeast China are considered an ideal method to overcome these severe environmental conditions. In this study, the hygrothermal conditions in a farrowing room with a wet-pad cooling system were evaluated with experimental and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) techniques. The field measurements were conducted in the summer to obtain air velocity, temperature, and relative humidity data. The average respiratory rate of the sows was measured to assess the hygrothermal comfort of the animals. Simulation of the indoor environment of the sows and piglets was conducted using commercial CFD software (ANSYS-Fluent 14.0) in which the boundary conditions were specified using the on-site measurements. Predicted temperature and relative humidity were validated against the measured data with a maximum error of less than 7.44%. CFD analysis of the hygrothermal conditions showed that the use of wet-pad cooling resulted in decreased air temperature and increased relative humidity around the pigs. However, the results demonstrated that the existing cooling system design did not meet the preferred thermal conditions for the animals, and suggestions were made for future research in wet-pad cooling systems.
Savoring as an intervention for cannabis use: acceptability, feasibility, and preliminary results

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Although savoring appears protective against cannabis problems, researchers have yet to apply it to reduce cannabis-related harms. Study I surveyed a large (N = 557, Mage = 36.9, 50.1% Male, 73% White) sample who rated a hypothetical savoring intervention as feasible and acceptable; those who savored more reported fewer cannabis problems, less use, and less intoxication. Study II, a pilot experiment (N = 26, Mage = 18, 34.6% Male, 42% White), randomly assigned participants to either a week-long savoring intervention (n = 15) or control group (n = 11). Savorers reported moderate to large decreases across time in cannabis use, amount consumed, and intoxication as well as increases in happiness and negative cannabis expectancies. Both studies suggest that savoring can reduce use and protect against negative outcomes. These preliminary findings suggest that further work to examine the efficacy of savoring as an intervention for substance use appears warranted.
Independence of brachymesophalangia‐5 from brachymesophalangia‐5 with cone mid‐5

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Analysis of hand radiographs of juvenile siblings of juvenile propositi indicates that brachymesophalangia‐5 alone (without cones) is separately inherited without apparent sex bias while brachymesophalangia‐5 with the cone‐epiphysis of mid‐5 and the cone‐epiphysis of mid‐5 alone are both apparently inherited as a complex and with a marked excess of females over males.