jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Synergistic Fe/Fe3C@Fe‐NC@Carbon Nanotube Heterostructure for Enhanced CO2 Capture and Mineral Recovery from Desalination Brine

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Metal recovery coupled with CO 2 mineralization from sustainable sources, such as seawater, has garnered significant attention from environmental science and resource utilization perspectives. Herein, an earth‐abundant and efficient Fe/Fe 3 C@Fe‐N‐codoped carbon@carbon nanotube (Fe/Fe 3 C@Fe‐NC@CNT) hybrid cathodic catalyst is introduced for electrochemically extracting magnesium and calcium from desalination brine while capturing CO 2 to produce valuable Mg(OH) 2 and CaCO 3 . The Fe/Fe 3 C@Fe‐NC@CNT, featuring the combination of single‐atomic Fe sites and graphitic layer‐wrapped Fe/Fe 3 C nanoparticles encapsulated within N‐doped mesoporous carbon tubes, achieves over 90% of Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ metal cations recovery efficiency at 25 mA cm −2 for 6 h. More importantly, the Fe/Fe 3 C@Fe‐NC@CNT hybrid catalyst efficiently suppresses the competitive hydrogen evolution side reaction even at high currents and boasts a wider operating potential range compared to benchmark Pt/C, enhancing the metal recovery efficiency and CO 2 capture capability. These findings underscore the potential of the Fe/Fe 3 C@Fe‐NC@CNT hybrid catalyst in revolutionizing brine management and waste stream handling, offering a promising and sustainable solution to these critical environmental challenges.
Fermentation of Mao-tofu by Mucor spp.and ACE-inhibitory activity of its extracts in vitro

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Commercial tofu was fermented with a strain of Mucor to prepare Mao-tufu.Mao-tofu samples fermented for 3,5,7,9 days were extracted by three ethanol solutions with ethanol contraction of 20%,40% and 60%(v/v),respectively.The extraction yield and degree of hydrolysis of the soluble protein fractions in the extracts were analyzed.The ACE-inhibitory activity of the extracts was also evaluated in vitro.The results showed that the longer the fermentation time of Mao-tofu samples,the higher extraction yield and degree of hydrolysis of the soluble protein fractions in the extracts.When Mao-tofu sample was fermented for 5 days,its extract of 60%(v/v)ethanol solution showed the highest ACE-inhibitory activity.Meanwhile,the amino acid compositions obtained indicated that the extract of 60%(v/v)ethanol solution had the highest amount of total hydrophobic amino acids and proline.
SOCIAL LIFE IN THE CITY OF TAIF FROM THE BIRTH OF THE PROPHET TO THE END OF THE UMAYYAD ERA

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The thesis deals with the subject in trying to understand the features of the sectarian society during the study period , supported
On the historical and descriptive analytical approach .

It deals with the introduction and study of the city of Taif and clarify the villages associated with it and the roads that connect it to Mecca
And his demographics during the study period .
The study chapters dealt with the companions and followers who lived as well as princes, ministers, employers, trades, industries, slaves and various aspects of women's lives, as well as urban groups where people gather such as markets, mosques and the impact of these synagogues on social life .

In part to address the research of social ties that link between the two communities in Mecca and sectarian those images of the links Kalmsahrh and trade as well as from the differences between the desorption t particular in terms of economic activity .
The research found the Z results summarized in several concepts in terms of understanding human nature in ancient times what he likes and dislikes and what maligned him and know the joys folk and Atraham It is important reception of the people of Taif to call Muhammadiyah and how her did at the beginning of the call and how to turn them after what enables the Prophet , peace be upon him Especially during the siege of Taif .
Epidemiology of Cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Cancers are a large and heterogeneous group of malignant tumors that collectively accounted for approximately 600 000 US deaths in 2020; only heart disease claimed more lives. A large amount of knowledge has accumulated regarding the epidemiology of most cancer types, including their causes. Content The cancer types most frequently diagnosed among adults in most high-income countries are lung, colorectal, female breast, cutaneous melanoma, and prostate. In general cancer incidence and mortality is very low in children and adolescents, rising exponentially with increasing age during adulthood. There is marked international variation in the incidence of most cancers. The most important causes of cancer are tobacco use (primarily cigarette use), excess alcohol consumption, obesity, lack of physical activity, diets low in fruits and vegetables, infectious agents, and sun exposure. Early detection can reduce the chances that a person will die of cancers of the female breast, uterine cervix, colon and rectum, lung, and prostate. Summary Although the most common cancers in the United States continue to have a substantial impact on public health, they are caused in whole or part by factors over which people and governments have control through choices they make. Among these are tobacco and alcohol use, obesity, diets low in fruits and vegetables and lack of physical activity, and sun exposure. Thus, a very large proportion of cancer’s impact could be ameliorated if more people avoided these exposures.
Precise Compositional Buffer Overflow Detection via Heap Disjointness

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Static analysis techniques for buffer overflow detection still struggle with being scalable for millions of lines of code, while being precise enough to have an acceptable false positive rate. The checking of buffer overflow necessitates reasoning about the heap reachability and numerical relations, which are mutually dependent. Existing techniques to resolve the dependency cycle either sacrifice precision or efficiency due to their limitations in reasoning about symbolic heap location, i.e., heap location with possibly symbolic numerical offsets. A symbolic heap location potentially aliases a large number of other heap locations, leading to a disjunction of heap states that is particularly challenging to reason precisely. Acknowledging the inherent difficulties in heap and numerical reasoning, we introduce a disjointness assumption into the analysis by shrinking the program state space so that all the symbolic locations involved in memory accesses are disjoint from each other. The disjointness property permits strong updates to be performed at symbolic heap locations, significantly improving the precision by incorporating numerical information in heap reasoning. Also, it aids in the design of a compositional analysis to boost scalability, where compact and precise function summaries are efficiently generated and reused. We implement the idea in the static buffer overflow detector Cod. When applying it to large, real-world software such as PHP and QEMU, we have uncovered 29 buffer overflow bugs with a false positive rate of 37%, while projects of millions of lines of code can be successfully analyzed within four hours.
DENIS-AYER METHOD FOR THE QUANTITATIVE ESTIMATION OF PROTEIN IN THE CEREBROSPINAL FLUID

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The quantitative method in use for eleven years at the Massachusetts General Hospital and for the past four years at the Boston City Hospital consists essentially in the measurement, by means of a suitable colorimeter, of the turbidity produced by adding a solution of sulphosalicylic acid to the cerebrospinal fluid. The method was described by Denis and Ayer. 1 We have made two minor modifications in the original method: (1) in the preparation of a protein standard solution, and (2) in the dilution of spinal fluid used when the protein content is very low, thereby eliminating the need of a second protein standard. The original method required the use of a special colorimeter. This is no longer necessary. These modifications and the fact that the normal values given in the original paper (from 35 to 100 mg. per hundred cubic centimeters) are entirely too high are the reasons for publishing
The user experience questionnaire and the impact of early information processing

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

There are some influential studies that claim it is possible to measure the perceived usability or perceived aesthetic of a website in less than a second. However these studies do not take into account that there is a difference between perception and judgment. The judgments are used to adjust a website, however, it would be better to improve a website by taking the cognitive processes into consideration. These processes consist of variables such as prototypicality (PT) and visual complexity (VC). These variables were used by Tuch et al. (2012) and Schmettow and Nazareth (2014) to test their influence on judgments. We replicated the experiment by Tuch et al. (2012), which is based on the information-processing model by Leder et al. (2004), to find out if the judgment on the user experience questionnaire (UEQ) is influenced by the early information-processing stages and if the judgment is in line with the fluency model by Schmettow and Nazareth (2014). The experiment consists of four blocks which differ in presentation time (17, 50, 500ms and unlimited time) of the 66 website screenshots. The websites differed in degrees of PT and VC. The linear mixed model analysis reveals that PT and VC did not influence the judgments on UEQ. However, it was found that the explained variance of the final judgment and the other time conditions increases when the presentation time rises and that the information-processing finished quickly. That means that the judgments are influenced by the early information-processing stages but that PT and VC are not involved in the processes. Furthermore, there are no indications that the judgement on UEQ is in line with the fluency model.
Numerical modeling of self-propagating reactions in Ru/Al nanoscale multilayer foils

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The Ru/Al system integrates high energy density and high product ductility and serves as an alternative for utilization as nanoscale reactive multilayer. We present a modeling study that relates the Ru-Al phase transformations occurring during self-propagating reactions with macroscopic reaction parameters such as net front velocity and reaction temperature. We coupled equations for mass and thermal transport and used a numerical scheme to solve the differential equations. We calculated the temporal evolution of the temperature distribution in the reaction front as a function of the multilayer bilayer thickness. The calculated net velocities were between 4.2 m/s and 10.8 m/s, and maximal reaction temperatures were up to 2171 K, in good agreement with measured data. Interfacial premixing, estimated to be around 4 nm, had a large influence on reaction velocities and temperature at smaller bilayer thicknesses. Finally, the theoretical results of the present study help to explain the experimental findings and guide tailoring of reactive properties of Ru/Al multilayers for applications.
Reliability and maintenance modeling for competing failures with intermission considered

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

There are many industrial systems experiencing multiple dependent competing failure processes, in detail degradation failure (soft failure) and catastrophic failure (hard failure). Earlier research studied failure behaviors and system reliability during operational period, but did not consider the intermission period. Some industrial systems are not always operating continuously while with intermissions or rest period. The degradation and random shock processes are different between operating period and intermissions, which caused it more challenging and complicated to establish reliability model. In this article, a new reliability model for multiple dependent competing failure processes is developed with intermission considered. The system reliability can be analyzed based on the proposed model more practically. Besides, a preventive replacement maintenance policy is studied by minimizing the average long-run maintenance cost with intermission periods considered. Finally, the availability and general applicability of presented model are demonstrated by a case in different parameter settings.
Inventory of refugia plants potentially medicinal in the agricultural area of Plandaan Subdistrict, Jombang Regency, East Java Province

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Agricultural and plantation areas dominate the Plandaan subdistrict, so the majority of the livelihoods of its residents are engaged in agriculture. In practice, in addition to using pesticides, crop pest control in the Plandaan subdistrict is to make use of refugia plants. The refugia technique is economical and environmentally friendly because it does not use synthetic chemicals that damage the environment. In addition to acting as natural pest control, refugia plants are also known to have potential as medicines. This study aimed to inventory or collect medicinal plants refugia in the agricultural area of ​​the Plandaan subdistrict. This study used descriptive explorative methods. Data collection techniques were carried out through observation and directly documenting species of refugia plants with potential drugs found in the area of observation plots. In this study, the subject was a potentially medicinal refugia plant found on an observational plot with a plot size of 10 × 10 meters. The observations were three plots of agriculture fields and three plots of telajakan (open space). The frequency of refugia plants found from the study on the plot of agriculture fields as many as 1035 plants, while in the plot of telajakan as many as 1007 plants consisting of 37 types of species that each has different medicinal potentials, such as heat and fever lowering, treating cough, flu, skin diseases, and wounds. Agriculture field plots had more frequency of potentially medicinal refugia plants than telajakan plots.
SynbioticLactobacillus acidophilusNCFM and cellobiose does not affect human gut bacterial diversity but increases abundance of lactobacilli, bifidobacteria and branched-chain fatty acids: a randomized, double-blinded cross-over trial

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Probiotics, prebiotics, and combinations thereof, that is synbiotics, have been reported to modulate gut microbiota of humans. In this study, effects of a novel synbiotic on the composition and metabolic activity of human gut microbiota were investigated. Healthy volunteers (n = 18) were enrolled in a double-blinded, randomized, and placebo-controlled cross-over study and received synbiotic [Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM (10(9) CFU) and cellobiose (5 g)] or placebo daily for 3 weeks. Fecal samples were collected and lactobacilli numbers were quantified by qPCR. Furthermore, 454 tag-encoded amplicon pyrosequencing was used to monitor the effect of synbiotic on the composition of the microbiota. The synbiotic increased levels of Lactobacillus spp. and relative abundances of the genera Bifidobacterium, Collinsella, and Eubacterium while the genus Dialister was decreased (P < 0.05). No other effects were found on microbiota composition. Remarkably, however, the synbiotic increased concentrations of branched-chain fatty acids, measured by gas chromatography, while short-chain fatty acids were not affected.
UNDERSTANDING URBAN POVERTY IN LARGE CHINESE CITIES USING MULTIPLE MEASUREMENTS AND HIERARCHICAL REGRESSION MODELS

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Based on a large-scale household survey conducted in low-income neighborhoods in six large Chinese cities,this paper applies multi-measurement and hierarchical linear regression models to present different poverty profile in different cities and to examine the determinants of poverty incidence.Referring to the theory of welfare triangle proposed by Rose(1986),this paper takes the influence of household,market,and state into account to examine the mechanism of poverty incidence in Chinese cities.The empirical results reveal salient intra-urban differences in terms of the variation of poverty intensity and composition among the six cities.Guangzhou and Xi'an suffer from the severe problem of relative deprivation and their low-income groups have very complex composition.The hierarchical linear regression models demonstrate that urban poverty incidence is contingent upon variations at individual,neighborhood,and city levels.In general,neighborhood with better economic status reduces the individual's risk of urban pauperization,while neighborhood with strong poverty culture or long poverty history tends to increase the risk of pauperization.
EFEK INSENTIF PERPAJAKAN BERDASARKAN DASAR PENGENAAN PAJAK DAN TARIF PAJAK TERHADAP EKONOMI SECARA MAKRO : STUDI KASUS INDONESIA

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Due to National Economy Recovery program, the Indonesian Government had conducted severalTax Incentive Policies to escalate economic growth faster. However, we have not found any studyto measure the policies' effect on macroeconomic indicators. In this paper, we attempt to find theimpact of Tax Incentive Policies that had been implemented for the end of the year of 2018. Ourpurpose is solely to find general understanding and knowledge about Tax Incentive Policies' effecton Macroeconomy. Based on the examination test using The Impulse Response Function method,we discovered that Tax Incentive Policies positively impact Investment, gross domestic product, and unemployment.Specifically, Tax Incentive Policies based on Tax Rates have a better positive impact than TaxIncentive Policies based on Tax Base. However, those impact only relatively sustains in a short period.
Photoperiod and its relationship to sheep reproduction

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Objective: To describe the seasonal variations throughout the year (day length), as one of the main environmental cues used by ewes to determine the most favorable time for breeding. Design/methodology/approach: A description of the main factors affecting ewe reproduction (photoperiod, suckling, postpartum period, nutrition, sociosexual effects) was assessed by a review of documentary information. Results: The inhibition of reproductive activity during one time of the year is a common process in most animal species to prevent births from occurring at an unfavorable time for the survival of the offspring. The seasonality of reproduction (northern latitude) allows births to occur in late winter or early spring when climatic conditions are the most favorable for the offspring development. Limitations/implications: The duration of the anestrus season (seasonal or postpartum) is influenced by the photoperiod and other factors. In Mexico, a small percentage of Criollo and Pelibuey ewes show a short duration of seasonal anestrus; that is, they show almost continuous annual reproductive activity. Therefore, to improve the reproductive efficiency of ewes, it is important to precisely determine the factors that affect their reproduction to improve management and increase the profits in the production units. Findings/Conclusions: Photoperiod is the main environmental factor regulating the annual reproductive cycle of the ewes, it occurs through very complex and varied mechanisms that communicate the visual system with the gonads through nervous and endocrine pathways.
What are the Required Elements Needed to Create an Effective Visual Art Intervention for People Living with Dementia? A Systematic Review

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Although there has been growing interest in visual art interventions for people with dementia, there is a restricted evidence base regarding their theoretical basis. To address this gap, this systematic literature review explored how and why visual art interventions work in dementia care. Common features of successful visual art interventions were identified, including: intervention ‘dose,’ session content, participant choice, artistic ability, the role of the facilitator/therapist, group work, and setting. Understanding the mechanisms and/or processes of visual art interventions is important for future development, evaluation, and implementation.
Deformation mechanisms in B2 aluminides: shear faults and dislocation core structures in FeAl, NiAl, CoAl and FeNiAl

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Although aluminides with the B2 crystal structures have good properties for high temperature applications, the strong ordered bonds that make them durable at high temperature also make them too brittle at room temperature for industrial fabrication. In order to better understand this lack of ductility, molecular statics simulations of planar fault defects and dislocation core structures were conducted in a series of B2 aluminides with increasing ordering energy (FeAl, NiAl, CoAl). The simulation results in NiAl were compared with in-situ straining observations of dislocation motion.\n\nThe dislocations simulated were of (100) and (111) types. The simulations results obtained indicate a strong influence of the planar fault energies on the mobility of the dislocations. As the cohesive energy increases from FeAl to CoAl, antiphase boundary and unstable stacking fault energies increase resulting in more constricted dislocation core spreadings. This constriction of the cores decreases the mobility of dislocation with planar core structures and increases the mobility of dislocations with non-planar cores.\n\nThe (100) screw dislocations were found with planar cores in {110} planes for FeAl, NiAl and CoAl. For very high APB values, the cores were very compact, as predicted by the Peierls- Nabarro model. As the APB energies decrease, increasingly two dimensional spreading of the cores was observed and ultimately dislocation dissociation into partials. As a result of the deviation of the stable planar fault energy from the APB fault, the partials were not exact 1/2(111) but deviate to the point corresponding to the actual minima of the γ-surfaces for these compounds. Alloying NiAl with Fe was found to promote the dissociation of the (100) dislocation.\n\nThe in-situ straining of a single crystal of NiAl only revealed the motion of (100) dislocations. Both in-situ observations and atomistic simulations agreed on the zig-zag shape of the (100) dislocation with an average screw orientation. In this configuration, the mobility of the dislocation is severely reduced.
The Relationship Between Early Maladaptive Schema and Borderline Personality Disorder Features: The Mediating Effect of Emotional Dysregulation

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

본 연구는 초기 부적응 도식과 경계선 성격장애 성향 간의 관계에서 정서조절곤란이 매개하는 지 검증하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 경기도 소재 대학생 338명을 대상으로 그들의 초기 부적응적인 심리 도식, 정서조절곤란, 경계선 성격장애 성향을 평가하는 설문지를 실시하였다. 연구 결과, 정서조절 곤란은 초기 부적응 도식과 경계선 성격장애 성향 간의 관계를 부분 매개하였다. 본 연구는 정서조절 곤란이 초기 부적응 도식과 경계선 성격장애 성향을 매개한다는 것을 검증함으로써 경계선 성격장애 성향에 미치는 기제를 확인하였다. 또한, 본 연구에서는 경계선 성격장애 성향의 하위차원들에 대해 살펴보고, 경계선 성격장애 성향을 지닌 사람들을 예방하고 치료하는 데 인지행동에 초점을 둔 변증법적 행동치료, 수용전념치료 등 정서 조절에 초점을 둔 개입이 필요하다는 것을 제안하며 본 연구의 제한점과 향후 연구의 방향을 제시하였다.
Studies on Methods of Random Number Generation for Computer Simulation.

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Results of studies to date indicate that the multiplicative or power residue method is generally satisfactory. The results employing the method on the GE 225, however, indicate that the sampling distribution of the means and variances have dispersions less than those expected from random samples. This is not a serious fault in many applications. However, when an important feature of a study employing random number generators involves empirical estimates of confidence intervals, the multiplicative generator leaves much to be desired.