jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
How tissue damage MET metabolism: Regulation of the systemic damage response

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Living organisms experience tissue damage from both, the surrounding environment and from inside their bodies. Tissue repair/regeneration is triggered by local tissue injury to restore an injured, or lost, part of the body. Tissue damage results in a series of responses, not only locally but also systemically in distant tissues. In our recent publication, we established a "dual system" that induces spatiotemporal tissue damage simultaneously with gene manipulation in surrounding tissues. With this system, we demonstrated that appropriate regulation of methionine metabolism in the fat body is required for tissue repair in Drosophila wing discs, thus highlighting the importance of systemic damage response (SDR) in tissue repair. This "Extra View" aims to discuss our recent reports that propose methionine metabolism to be an essential part of SDR, together with related topics in several model organisms.
Modeling of Tank Vehicle Rollover Risk Assessment on Curved–Slope Combination Sections for Sustainable Transportation Safety

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Tank vehicles are highly prone to rollover accidents, especially on curved–slope combination sections, which can cause hazardous chemical spills, endangering the environment, public safety, and human health. Therefore, it is crucial to conduct research aimed at reducing the risk of such incidents. Method: The rollover risk of tank vehicles under various loading conditions while traveling on curved–slope combination sections was investigated using driver–vehicle–road dynamics simulation. A multiple linear regression model was then developed to further quantify the impact of key factors on the rollover risk. Results: The results revealed that the road curve radius, vehicle operating speed, and liquid cargo fill level have the greatest impact on a tank vehicle’s rollover risk, and higher fill levels, higher speeds, and steeper downhill slopes all amplify the impact of curve radius on the rollover risk. In some cases, adhering to the road’s speed limit alone was insufficient to ensure the safe passage of the tank vehicle through curves. Conclusions: This study introduced, for the first time, a rollover risk assessment model for tank vehicles operating on curved–slope combination sections. The findings reveal effective methods to improve the transportation safety of tank vehicles. Practical Applications: The findings of this study can assist transportation agencies in selecting routes with lower rollover risks for tank vehicles with different configurations, as well as guide the development of loading standards and curve speed limits. This will effectively reduce rollover accidents of tank vehicles and support sustainable, safer transportation practices.
Distance and Orientation Dependence of Triplet–Triplet Energy Transfer Couplings Based on Nonorthogonal Multireference Wave Functions

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Triplet-triplet energy transfer (TEnT) is of particular interest in various photochemical, photobiological, and energy science processes. It involves the exchange of spin and energy of electrons between two molecular fragments. Here, quasi-diabatic self-consistent field solutions were used to obtain the diabatic states involved in TEnT. The resonant Hartree-Fock approach was used to compute the nonorthogonal matrix elements for the two-state or four-state effective Hamiltonian and the overlap matrix. From the symmetric orthogonalized Hamiltonian, electronic coupling elements between the diabatic states in the TEnT process can be obtained. Two structural models, namely, naphthalene dimer and the 2,2'-bifluorene molecule, were employed to investigate the role of distance and orientation of the molecular fragments on the energy transfer process. It is observed that the inclusion of charge transfer states is critical to obtain the correct description of TEnT couplings. We discuss the effectiveness of the two-state model and four-state model in the successful evaluation of TEnT couplings. Spin density plots and biorthogonal orbitals were utilized to verify that the correct diabatic electronic structure of the TEnT states was determined.
Enhanced wound‐healing performance of a phyto‐polysaccharide‐enriched dressing – a preclinical small and large animal study

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Alginate is a natural rich anionic polysaccharide ( APS ), commonly available as calcium alginate ( CAPS ). It can maintain a physiologically moist microenvironment, which minimises bacterial infection and facilitates wound healing at a wound site. Patients with burn injuries suffer from pain and an inflammatory response. In this study, we evaluated the CAPS dressing and traditional dressing containing carboxymethyl cellulose ( CMC ) for wound healing and scar tissue formation in a burn model of rat and swine. In our pilot study of a burn rat model to evaluate inflammatory response and wound healing, we found that the monocyte chemoattractant protein ( MCP )‐1 and transforming growth factor ( TGF )‐β were up‐regulated in the CAPS treatment group. Next, the burn swine models tested positive for MCP ‐1 in a Gram‐positive bacterial infection, and there was overproduction of TGF ‐β during the burn wound healing process. Rats were monitored daily for 1 week for cytokine assay and sacrificed on day 28 post‐burn injury. The swine were monitored over 6 weeks. We further examined the pain and related factors and inflammatory cytokine expression in a rodent burns model monitored everyday for 7 days post‐burn. Our results revealed that the efficacy of the dressing containing CAPS for wound repair post‐burn was better than the CMC dressing with respect to natural wound healing and scar formation. The polysaccharide‐enriched dressing exerted an antimicrobial effect on burn wounds, regulated the inflammatory response and stimulated anti‐inflammatory cytokine release. However, one pain assessment method showed no significant difference in the reduction in levels of adenosine triphosphate in serum of rats after wound dressing in either the CAPS or CMC group. In conclusion, a polysaccharide‐enriched dressing outperformed a traditional dressing in reducing wound size, minimising hypertrophic scar formation, regulating cytokines and maximising antimicrobial effects.
It’s About the Leadership: The Importance of Women Leaders Doing Leadership for Women

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

What do a group of female leadership aspirants think about female leadership? This question and the subsequent discussion broach a sensitive topic about how women respond to female leadership and whether this differs from that of male leadership. This article investigates female leadership through the experiences of a group of female leadership aspirants as they consider what makes an effective leader. An interpretive perspective drawn from interview data frames the analysis, particularly identifying agentic and communal leadership practices as representative of leadership behaviours and practices that female participants have acknowledged as effective. This article illustrates that particular leadership actions are preferred by women and that these can be evident in both male and female leaders. What emerges from the research is that the quality of leadership, specifically agentic practices that create efficacy and support, in addition to communal leadership that demonstrates emotional balance, are of greater importance to women than the gender of the leader.
Plant growth and architectural modelling and its applications PREFACE: PART OF A SPECIAL ISSUE ON GROWTH AND ARCHITECTURAL MODELLING

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Over the last decade, a growing number of scientists around the world have invested in research on plant growth and architectural modelling and applications (often abbreviated to plant modelling and applications, PMA). By combining physical and biological processes, spatially explicit models have shown their ability to help in understanding plant-environment interactions. This Special Issue on plant growth modelling presents new information within this topic, which are summarized in this preface. Research results for a variety of plant species growing in the field, in greenhouses and in natural environments are presented. Various models and simulation platforms are developed in this field of research, opening new features to a wider community of researchers and end users. New modelling technologies relating to the structure and function of plant shoots and root systems are explored from the cellular to the whole-plant and plant-community levels.
Bypass of the Major Alkylative DNA Lesion by Human DNA Polymerase η

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

A wide range of endogenous and exogenous alkylating agents attack DNA to generate various alkylation adducts. N7-methyl-2-deoxyguanosine (Fm7dG) is the most abundant alkylative DNA lesion. If not repaired, Fm7dG can undergo spontaneous depurination, imidazole ring-opening, or bypass by translesion synthesis DNA polymerases. Human DNA polymerase η (polη) efficiently catalyzes across Fm7dG in vitro, but its structural basis is unknown. Herein, we report a crystal structure of polη in complex with templating Fm7dG and an incoming nonhydrolyzable dCTP analog, where a 2′-fluorine-mediated transition destabilization approach was used to prevent the spontaneous depurination of Fm7dG. The structure showed that polη readily accommodated the Fm7dG:dCTP base pair with little conformational change of protein and DNA. In the catalytic site, Fm7dG and dCTP formed three hydrogen bonds with a Watson–Crick geometry, indicating that the major keto tautomer of Fm7dG is involved in base pairing. The polη-Fm7dG:dCTP structure was essentially identical to the corresponding undamaged structure, which explained the efficient bypass of the major methylated lesion. Overall, the first structure of translesion synthesis DNA polymerase bypassing Fm7dG suggests that in the catalytic site of Y-family DNA polymerases, small N7-alkylguanine adducts may be well tolerated and form the canonical Watson–Crick base pair with dCTP through their keto tautomers.
Air and dielectric bands photonic crystal microringresonator for refractive index sensing

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

We present the experimental and numerical analysis of a microring resonator with an integrated one-dimensional photonic crystal fabricated on a silicon-on-insulator platform and show its applicability in bulk refractive index sensing. The photonic crystal is formed by periodically patterned, partially etched cylindrical perforations, whose induced photonic bandgap is narrower than the range of measurable wavelengths (1520-1620 nm). Of particular interest is that the microring operates in both air and dielectric bands, and the sensitivities of the resonances on both edges of the bandgap were investigated. We showed that a higher field localization inside the volume of the perforations for the air band mode leads to an increase in sensitivity.
A systematic approach to the analysis of general and feedback circuits and systems using signal flow graphs and driving-point impedance

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Feedback has long been a mysterious effect that has either fixed or ruined circuits. Phase- and loop-gain analysis have served to maintain this view of feedback by being difficult to handle and to interpret. In this paper, a unified approach to circuit analysis is presented which readily handles feedback circuits using driving-point impedance (DPI) techniques to directly generate a signal flow graph (SFG). When coupled with pole-zero diagrams, a complete analytical tool results, giving the design engineer qualitative as well as quantitative answers. A simple extrapolation of the methodology shows it to be applicable to systems composed of linear cells such as active filters, where loading effects at input and output ports are automatically included in the analysis.
The accuracy of asymmetric GARCH model estimation

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper reviews eight software packages when estimating asymmetric GARCH models (from their default option). We consider the numerical consistency of GJR-GARCH, TGARCH, EGARCH and APARCH estimations with Normal and Student distributions as well as out-of-sample forecasting accuracy, using the model confidence set procedure. We show that results are clearly software-dependent for both asymmetric volatility models, especially for the t-ratios. The out-of-sample forecast results show that the differences in estimating symmetric and asymmetric GARCH models imply slight differences in terms of forecast accuracy, not statistically significant, except in few cases from the QLIKE loss function. Further, the results indicate that the different specifications of the asymmetric GARCH-type models used by the different packages appear to have no significant effect on their forecast accuracy. (This abstract was borrowed from another version of this item.)
Advanced controller design for wind turbine systems

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In the report, the theory, function, model of a wind turbine system are introduced. The key point of the report is put on the design of the advanced control scheme for the wind turbine system, by the use of which, the performance of the system can be improved. The serious result caused by the greenhouse effect makes a growing attention in the whole world. The use of renewable energy for decreasing the usage of fossil fuel becomes a significant issue. As one of the renewable energy, wind energy is abundant, having a wide distribution, without producing greenhouse gas. The conversion and the stability of the wind energy is an important issue for the application of wind energy. To solve these problems, controllers, normally PI controller, are used in the wind turbine. The objective of this project is to build a model of wind turbine system and make control scheme for the system for the improvement of the performance of the system with the help of the computer and the software simulation.
Efficacy and Safety of Low-Dose(2.5mg) Olanzapine for Preventing Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting in Patients Undergoing Platinum-Based and AC-T Regimens: A Prospective Observational Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) remain among the most distressing side effects for patients receiving platinum-based and AC-T chemotherapy regimens. Despite progress in antiemetic therapy, many patients still suffer from suboptimal CINV control, compromising quality of life and adherence to treatment. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of low-dose olanzapine as an adjunct to standard antiemetic therapy for the prevention of both acute and delayed phases of CINV. Methods: A prospective, randomized observational study was conducted at the Department of Oncology, Government General Hospital, Guntur, India, between November 2023 and April 2024. Eighty patients were randomly allocated into two groups: one receiving standard antiemetic therapy alone (n=40), and the other receiving an additional low-dose olanzapine (2.5 mg orally) prior to chemotherapy (n=40). The incidence and severity of acute (0–24 hours) and delayed (24–120 hours) CINV were recorded and analyzed. Results: Patients receiving low-dose olanzapine experienced significantly greater reductions in both acute and delayed CINV compared to the control group (p<0.05). Complete response rates were higher in the olanzapine group. Notably, the 2.5 mg dose also demonstrated an advantage in minimizing daytime sedation compared to previously reported outcomes using 5 mg and 10 mg doses, while maintaining similar antiemetic benefits. Adverse events were mild and did not differ significantly between groups. Conclusion: Low-dose olanzapine (2.5 mg) is an effective and well-tolerated option for preventing CINV when used alongside standard antiemetic regimens. Furthermore, this lower dose reduces the risk of daytime drowsiness
Dormancy Interferes with Flowering in Perennial Plants with Short Day Regulation of Both Processes: A Mini-Review

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In many perennial woody plants growing in the temperate and cold regions, regulation of seasonal growth cessation and floral initiation are closely integrated, both taking place in photoperiods shorter than a critical length. In the temperate shrub black currant (Ribes nigrum L.), the two processes proceed harmoniously in parallel under naturally decreasing autumn photoperiods, whereas an abrupt shift to photoperiods well below the critical length results in an immediate growth cessation and premature dormancy. As a result, floral initiation is suppressed and arrested. Other perennial plants such as hop (Humulus lupulus), which have the same dual short day responses, behave in the same way. In such plants, optimal flowering takes place at near-critical photoperiods, which are short enough to induce flowering and still long enough to prevent premature dormancy. These responses deviate from the situation in annual plants, which have predominated in studies on photoperiodic control of flowering. Another example of linkage between flowering and dormancy responses is the well-known dual effects of chilling temperature on vernalization and its relation to dormancy. Elucidation and disentangling of these networks of integrated processes are now awaiting joint research efforts in the areas of molecular genetics and experimental plant physiology.
Entropy Feature Fusion-Based Diagnosis for Railway Point Machines Using Vibration Signals Based on Kernel Principal Component Analysis and Support Vector Machine

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Railway point machines are the key equipment that controls the train route and affects the safety of train operation. Complex and harsh working environments lead to frequent failures, accounting for 40% of the total failures of the railway signaling system. Thus, it is an urgent task to present an intelligent fault diagnosis approach. Considering the easy acquisition and anti-interference characteristics of vibration signals, this article develops a vibration signal-based diagnosis approach. First, variational mode decomposition (VMD) is utilized for nonstationary vibration signal preprocessing, which is verified as a more effective tool than empirical mode decomposition. Then, to comprehensively characterize nonlinear fault characteristics, five kinds of entropy are extracted. To eliminate the redundant information of high-dimensional features, kernel principal component analysis is utilized for multientropy feature fusion. Experiment comparisons demonstrate the superiority of the proposed VMD preprocessing and multientropy fusion method. The diagnosis accuracies of normal-to-reverse and reverse-to-normal switching directions reach 96.57% and 99.43%, respectively, which provides theoretical support for onsite operation and maintenance staff.
Genetic variability, heritability, association and divergence studies in safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) genotypes

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Genetic variability, heritability, genetic advance, divergence, association and path analysisstudieswere carried out in 13 safflower genotypes for nine yield and its contributing traits. Results of ANOVA showed highly significant mean sum of squares for all the traits indicating presence of high variability in the experimental material. Wide range of variation was noticed in seed yield followed by plant height, number of capitula/plant and number of seeds/capitulum. High phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variation were recorded for number of seeds/capsule, 100 seed weight and seed yield. Low heritability coupled with high genetic advance as percent of mean was exhibited for seed yield indicated that yield is governed by additive gene effects and is highly influenced by environment. Hull content recorded strong correlation with seed yield followed by volume weight and 100 seed weight and in turn these traits were also strongly inter-correlated. Volume weight had high direct effect on seed yield and its indirect effect via hull content and 100 seed weight was also of high magnitude. In the experimental material, genetic divergence was mainly contributed by oil content, days to 50% flowering and number of seeds/capitulum.
The Rule of Law

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This new edition restructures and updates the political economy view of the responsibilities and limitations of government. Public-choice and behavioural concepts are prominent. Gender issues are included. Technical concepts are explained from first principles. Economic theory is rigorously applied. Excessive technicality is avoided. The book integrates traditional public finance topics - taxation, public goods, externalities, and income redistribution - with political self-interest, bureaucracy, voting, rent seeking, corruption, and the common-pool problem of public spending. Social justice is viewed as income equality, equality of opportunity, or the right to benefit from one's own effort. Public policies studied include the environment, education, health insurance, welfare payments and entitlements under moral hazard, unemployment insurance, paternalistic impositions, and defence and public safety. This book is ideal for advanced undergraduate and graduate courses that combine economic theory with a real-world perspective on the politics of public finance and public policy. A broad scope makes the book suitable for students in all countries.
Upper Palaeolithic hunters-gatherers in western Asia

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

A mosaic of habitats ecologically characterizes western Asia. These were formed and changed due to topographic variability as well as seasonal fluctuations of temperatures and precipitation. Thus, resources of various kinds were diverse across different landscapes, whether coastal plains, intermountain valleys, mountain areas and semi-arid subregions. The proliferation of animal bone assemblages and the paucity of plant remains due to poor preservation conditions in most excavated and reported sites, except for the case of Ohalo II, a waterlogged site, distorts the reconstruction of daily diets of hunter-gatherers during the Upper Palaeolithic in western Asia. The presence of mortars and pestles in contexts since c.30,000 years ago indicates the emergence of food preparation techniques that become dominant during the Terminal Pleistocene. During these millennia the archaeological data sets reflect the appearance of sedentary communities as well as cultural markers that indicate the more clearly established tribal territories.
Design, Fabrication and Evaluation of the Metasurface Optical Gas Sensor Using Deep Ultraviolet Plasmon Resonance

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Ozone and ammonia gases detections are in strong demand among high-voltage equipment to avoid nitric acid corrosion. An optical gas sensor has realized a low detectable concentration of 20 ppm butane with the aid of plasmon resonance at the infrared wavelength. [1] As ozone and ammonia have large absorption cross-sections at the deep-ultraviolet region, the achievement of low-concentration detection is expected. In this study, we designed, fabricated, and evaluated an optical gas sensor using deep-ultraviolet plasmon resonance.