jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
E-b-Ocimene, a Volatile Brood Pheromone Involved in Social Regulation in the Honey Bee Colony (Apis mellifera)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Background: In honey bee colony, the brood is able to manipulate and chemically control the workers in order to sustain their own development. A brood ester pheromone produced primarily by old larvae (4 and 5 days old larvae) was first identified as acting as a contact pheromone with specific effects on nurses in the colony. More recently a new volatile brood pheromone has been identified: E-b-ocimene, which partially inhibits ovary development in workers. Methodology and Principal Finding: Our analysis of E-b-ocimene production revealed that young brood (newly hatched to 3 days old) produce the highest quantity of E-b-ocimene relative to their body weight. By testing the potential action of this molecule as a non-specific larval signal, due to its high volatility in the colony, we demonstrated that in the presence of E-bocimene nest workers start to forage earlier in life, as seen in the presence of real brood. Conclusions/Significance: In this way, young larvae are able to assign precedence to the task of foraging by workers in order to increase food stores for their own development. Thus, in the complexity of honey bee chemical communication, E-b-ocimene, a pheromone of young larvae, provides the brood with the means to express their nutritional needs to the
Mutations habilitant Escherichia colià croître sur acides gras moyens

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

New spontaneous mutants of Escherichia coli able to use butyrate or valerate as carbon source have been studied for their growth, adaptation lag and the level of enzymes which may participate in the utilisation of these compounds. Each mutant acquires the simultaneous constitutivity for uptake of these fatty acids, CoA transferase and high thiolase activities. This mutation designated as butR does not affect the regulation of the β‐oxidation nor that of the glyoxylate cycle. Induction or mutation for constitutivity (oleR) of β‐oxidation act multiplicatively on the level of thiolase derepressed by the butR mutation. If the presence of CoA transferase, thiolase and C 4 –C 5 fatty acids entry system is a prerequisite of the growth ability on these fatty acids, the genetic constitutivities (and not the preinduction) of the β‐oxidation (oleR) and particularly of the glyoxylic cycle (aceD) greatly increase the growth capacity. This implies that not only the C, and C, fatty acyl derivatives are very poor inducers of β‐oxidation, as already reported by others, but that some products of their catabolism repress the glyoxylic cycle. The acquisition of the new growth capacity is thus accomplished by spontaneous mutations affecting regulatory processes; one of these discloses activities which are cryptic in the normal parental strains; the physiological significance of these enzymatic potentialities in wild strains and the mechanism of the interaction between two different regulatory units brought to light here are some of the open issues.
The Psychological Benefits of COVID-19 Vaccination

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This study evaluates the extent to which COVID-19 vaccination affects population mental health. Exploiting the within-state and within-survey week variation in the number fully vaccinated per 10 million people, I uncover the favorable effects of vaccination on individuals’ psychological well-being. Particularly, a 100% increase in the number fully vaccinated per 10 million people makes individuals 0.24, 0.23, 0.12, and 0.14 percentage points less likely to experience anxiety, worry, displeasure, and depression on a daily basis, respectively. The probability of having at least one of the four symptoms (anxiety, worry, displeasure, and depression) every day also reduces by 0.27 percentage points. The study calls for the expansion of vaccine coverage, especially for disproportionately affected communities.
Integration Of Fertilizer And Manure

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The experiment was to observe the effect of integration of fertilizer and manure on the performance of Boro rice under the SRI method. The experiment included ten treatments of rice production method viz. conventional method (CM) with recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF); CM with cowdung (CD) @15t/ha; CM with CD @5 t/ ha+RDF; SRI+CD @15 t/ha; SRI+CD @10 t/ha; SRI+CD @ 10 t/ha+50% RDF; SRI+CD @ 5 t/ha+100% RDF; SRI+100% RDF; SRI+150% RDF; SRI+100% RDF+ biofertilizer. The results indicated that all crop characters except number of non-bearing tillers/hill, sterile spikelets/panicle and harvest index were significantly influenced due to integration of fertilizer and manure. The SRI method performed better than conventional method. Among the SRI, integration of fertilizer and manure and fertilizer more than 100% of the recommended rate produced the highest grain yield. The results showed that the best option for the cultivation of Surjomoni rice variety under SRI method during the Boro season was 10 t ha-1 cowdung with 50% of the RDF obtain the highest grain yield .This integration not only reduced the production cost but also had a long term impact on improvement of soil properties.
The limits of contractual order in public sector transacting

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Contract is playing an increasingly important part in the restructuring of the public sector in Britain in the 1990s. The direct providing role of the state is being reduced through the ‘contracting out’ of ancillary and core services in the NHS, central and local government, whilst the policy aim of increasing the efficiency of public sector management involves contract in the operation of internal markets, the creation of specialist agencies with clearly defined functions and responsibilities, the devolution of financial responsibility to budget-holding business units operating in internal trading relationships, and the exposure of internal workforces to private sector competition through compulsory competitive tendering (CCT). However, the widespread adoption of a common ‘language of contract’ to describe processes occurring in these different contexts disguises a variety of meanings and functions.
Physiological and Anatomical Circuitry between Agouti-Related Protein and Leptin Signaling*

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Agouti-related protein (AGRP) is an orexigenic neuropeptide that acts via central melanocortin receptors, and whose messenger RNA (mRNA) levels are elevated in leptin-deficient mice. Fasting associated with a decline in circulating leptin normally causes a 15-fold elevation of hypothalamic Agrp mRNA levels but has no effect in leptin-deficient mice. Chronic hyperleptinemia associated with the tubby and Cpe(fat) mutations has no effect on Agrp mRNA levels, but short term leptin administration causes a 17% reduction of Agrp mRNA levels in nonmutant mice and a 700% reduction in leptin-deficient mice. In young nonobese animals, melanocortin receptor blockade associated with the Ay mutation causes complete resistance to leptin-induced weight loss. Dual in situ hybridization reveals that Agrp-expressing neurons in the medial portion of the arcuate nucleus constitute a subpopulation different from Pomc-expressing neurons, and that a significant proportion of Agrp-expressing neurons (10-25%) coexpresses the leptin receptor, Lepr-b. Immunocytochemistry confirms distinct locations of AGRP- and POMC-expressing cell bodies, but reveals an overlapping distribution of their terminal fields in the arcuate nucleus, the paraventricular hypothalamus, and the dorsomedial hypothalamus. These results suggest that in the fed state, AGRP is normally suppressed by leptin, and that release of this suppression during fasting leads to increased ingestive behavior.
Optimal SPD Processing of Plates by Constrained Groove Pressing (CGP)

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

In the recent years considerable efforts have made in order to produce ultrafine grained materials by imposing large plastic straining by many different techniques such as equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP) [1–4], severe plastic torsion straining (SPTS) [1, 5–7] or accumulative roll bonding (ARB) [8–10]. However, ECAP and SPTS seem to be of little use when manufacturing plate-shaped materials efficiently and only ARB is appropriate for producing SPD plates or sheets. Efforts, therefore, have been focused not only on analysing the properties of the materials subjected to severe plastic deformation (SPD) but also on the design and development of new techniques that could compete with the processes cited before. One of the most recent contributions from that point of view is the constrained groove pressing (CGP) developed by Shin et al. in 2002 [11].
Expression of Human Endogenous Retroviruses (HERVs) in Breast Cancer: A Transcriptomic Study

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Background: Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) are ancient viral elements inte-grated into the human genome, accounting for approximately 8% of its content. Recent findings suggest that HERVs, especially HERV-K (HML-2), play a significant role in the onset and advancement of breast cancer. Understanding HERV expression patterns could reveal new biomarkers and therapeutic targets in breast cancer. This study examined the expression of endogenous retroviruses in human breast tissues, to reveal potential associations between retroviruses and breast cancer. Methods: RNA-Seq datasets from breast cancer tissues (ductal carcinoma and triple-negative subtypes) and normal breast tissues were retrieved from the NCBI Sequence Read Archive (SRA). Bioinformatics analysis included read mapping against the human genome (hg19) and a custom pseudogenome containing HERV sequences. Normalized expression of HERV-human junctions was calculated and statistical comparisons were performed using independent samples t-tests and Mann-Whitney tests. Results: Breast cancer tissues exhibited signifi-cantly higher normalized coverage of HERV integration sites compared to healthy con-trols (p=0.009). Among breast cancer cases, patients who had undergone treatment showed significantly lower HERV expression than untreated patients (p=0.023). Visuali-zation via IGV confirmed increased read accumulation at HERV loci in cancer samples. Conclusion: This study showed that HERVs are overexpressed in breast cancer tissues compared to normal breast tissues, with expression levels influenced by therapeutic in-terventions. These findings support the potential role of HERVs as biomarkers for breast cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic monitoring. Further research is warranted to explore HERV-targeted strategies for breast cancer treatment.
ANALISIS FIXED EFFECT MODEL LUAS PANEN DAN PRODUKSI PADI TERHADAP PDRB PADA 5 PROVINSI DI INDONESIA

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This study aims to examine the effect of Rice Harvest and Production Area on Gross Regional Domestic Product (GDP). The phenomenon that occurs that when the area of harvest and production decreases but GDP shows an increase, further studies are needed regarding the effect of broad harvest and rice production on GDP. The samples in this study are 5 provinces in Indonesia and have the largest rice production, namely West Java, Central Java, East Java, South Sulawesi and South Sumatra in 2018-2022. In this study, the data was processed using Eviews with panel data regression analysis. From the Chow test and Hausman test, the Fixed Effect Model (FEM) model was selected as the best estimation model. The results showed that the area of rice harvest and production together affect the GRDP in 5 provinces in Indonesia. Meanwhile, partially, the harvest area has a negative effect on GDP while rice production has no effect on GDP in 5 provinces in Indonesia during the period 2018-2022. It is recommended that the government further improve the farmer insurance program and farmer group training so as to further increase GDP
[The methodological position of frontal feedbacks during work with large groups of dental students].

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Single-channel feedback installations without revertive communication to the single work place and without possibility for evaluating the student's performance may be used with success in lectures and diagnostic exercises for large groups of dental students. Dispensing deliberately with the evaluation of performance permits to carry on a dialogue with the student, which offers the possibility of acting rapidly on the learning process during the very same teaching event. This control procedure allows to activate and motivate the students considerably. The methodical approach is explained.
Image_1_Methodological Insight Into Mosquito Microbiome Studies.pdf

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

<p>Symbiotic bacteria affect competence for pathogen transmission in insect vectors, including mosquitoes. However, knowledge on mosquito-microbiome-pathogen interactions remains limited, largely due to methodological reasons. The current, cost-effective practice of sample pooling used in mosquito surveillance and epidemiology prevents correlation of individual traits (i.e., microbiome profile) and infection status. Moreover, many mosquito studies employ laboratory-reared colonies that do not necessarily reflect the natural microbiome composition and variation in wild populations. As a consequence, epidemiological and microbiome studies in mosquitoes are to some extent uncoupled, and the interactions among pathogens, microbiomes, and natural mosquito populations remain poorly understood. This study focuses on the effect the pooling practice poses on mosquito microbiome profiles, and tests different approaches to find an optimized low-cost methodology for extensive sampling while allowing for accurate, individual-level microbiome studies. We tested the effect of pooling by comparing wild-caught, individually processed mosquitoes with pooled samples. With individual mosquitoes, we also tested two methodological aspects that directly affect the cost and feasibility of broad-scale molecular studies: sample preservation and tissue dissection. Pooling affected both alpha- and beta-diversity measures of the microbiome, highlighting the importance of using individual samples when possible. Both RNA and DNA yields were higher when using inexpensive reagents such as NAP (nucleic acid preservation) buffer or absolute ethanol, without freezing for short-term storage. Microbiome alpha- and beta-diversity did not show overall significant differences between the tested treatments compared to the controls (freshly extracted samples or dissected guts). However, the use of standardized protocols is highly recommended to avoid methodological bias in the data.</p>
Zoonotic significance of cryptosporidiosis

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Cryptosporidium spp. is an enteroparasite routinely found in faeces of domestic animals, as well as on the environment, and cryptosporidiosis is considered a zoonosis, being classified by the World Health Organization as an emerging disease. Infected animals, especially cattle, are a source of environmental and human infection, because they eliminate large numbers of oocysts in their feces. Symptoms, when present, are characterized by watery diarrhea, dehydration, abdominal pain, weight loss and eventually death, especially in immunosuppressed individuals, patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and children. Effective therapeutic methods for eliminating this agent in animals and humans have not been developed, but it is necessary to apply support treatment in infected individuals. Basic sanitation, use of appropriate methods for inactivation of oocysts and care with personal hygiene are recommended as prophylactic methods, aiming to minimize the spread of Cryptosporidium. This chapter has the objective of describing the importance of cryptosporidiosis in public health and as a zoonosis.
Comparative Genomic Hybridization

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Occasionally hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) occur synchronously with or within focal nodular hyperplasias (FNHs), raising the question of a putative causal relationship. In the present study, we used comparative genomic hybridization to investigate the occurrence of genomic aberrations in FNHs, which might lead to hepatocarcinogenesis. Tissue samples from FNHs and nonlesional liver tissue were obtained from 7 women. None of the patients had a chronic diffuse liver disease. A synchronous HCC not spatially related to FNH was present in 1 patient. Two patients had received oral contraceptives. Genomic aberrations were found in only 1 FNH. No aberration was found in the FNH occurring synchronously with HCC, but the HCC included gains at chromosomes 1q, 5, 12, and 19q and losses at 4p, 7q22–q35, 9p, 17p, 21q, and 22q. No aberrations were found in nonneoplastic liver tissues. Our findings support the notion that FNH is not a preneoplastic lesion for the occurrence of HCC in humans and that the synchronous occurrence of FNH and HCC is coincidental in our case.
Simulation of Active Suspension System for Half Vehicle Model under Different Road Profile

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The main function of the vehicle suspension system is to provide comfort for passengers, road handling and vehicle stability. This paper proposes the application of PID controller (proportional, integral and derivative controller) for active suspension system of a half automobile model using MATLAB / SIMULINK. Time domain simulations are carried out to test the performance of the suspension system under different types of road profiles which are the primary inputs of the system. In this paper, three types of road profile inputs (bump, sine wave, random wave) are introduced to excite the suspension system. According to these road profile inputs, the performance response of passive and active suspension systems is simulated. Simulation results show that there is a significant improvement in the performance of the active system over the passive one.
The interaction between human serum albumin and antidiabetic agent – exenatide: determination of the mechanism binding and effect on the protein conformation by fluorescence and circular dichroism techniques - Part I

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The interactions between transport proteins and drugs are very important from the pharmacological point of view. In this study, using fluorescence and circular dichroism (CD) techniques, we investigated the interaction between human serum albumin (HSA) and incretin antidiabetic drug - exenatide. Moreover, the effect of common metal ions (Ca2+, Zn2+, Cr3+) on the exenatide-HSA binding - was also described. Based on the experimental data under pseudophysiological conditions, the calculated binding constant values are on the order of 104 M-1, and the constants are lower in the presence of metal ions. We observed the increase of the hydrophobicity near the tryptophan-214 residue in subdomain IIA, but almost no change in the hydrophobicity surrounding tyrosine residues. A similar effect on the tryptophan microenvironment is influenced by metal ions. The calculated thermodynamic parameters indicated that the characteristic electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions play an important role in the albumin-exenatide complexes. The CD studies showed that exenatide does not change the secondary structure of the protein but used metal ions have some impact on albumin α-helical content.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
Effects of fertilizer levels and varieties on fodder yield productivity, nutrient use efficiency, and profitability of oat (Avena sativa L.) in the central highlands of Ethiopia

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This study aimed to assess the effect of fertilizer rates on agro-morphological traits, nutrient uptake and use efficiency, and economic feasibility of fodder yield in oat. The study was carried out using a factorial arrangement of eight fertilizer rates (0, 25, 50, 75, 100, 125, 150, and 175 %) and three oat varieties (CI-8251, SRCPX80Ab2291, and Sorataf) in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The results revealed that variety, fertilizer, and year had a significant effect on fodder yield. The fodder yield increased up to 175 % of the blanket recommended fertilizer and application of 100, 125, 150, and 175 % produced fodder yield of 14.0, 15.6, 15.8, and 15.9 t/ha, respectively. The fodder type oat (CI-8251) and dual type oat (SRCPX80Ab2291) variety had 15.4 and 10.6 % fodder yield advantages over grain type oat (Sorataf), respectively. Significantly higher fodder yield was obtained in 2021 than 2020 cropping season. Moreover, the interaction effect of variety by fertilizer by year was significant for nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations, nitrogen and total nutrient uptake, partial factor productivity, internal utilization efficiency, agronomic efficiency, and agro-physiological efficiency. The Pearson correlation analysis indicated that the number of tillers per plant, yields of morphological fractions (leaf, stem, and panicle), forage yield production rate, nutrient concentration, and uptake had significant positive associations with fertilizer levels and fodder yield. In contrast, all nutrient use efficiency except agro-physiological efficiency had inverse associations with fertilizer levels and fodder yield. The combined partial budget analysis for the three oat varieties showed that the application of 125 % fertilizer produced a higher net benefit (83,440 ETB) and marginal rate of return (12,635.6 %). Therefore, the blanket recommended fertilizer rate of 125 % (51.3 kg N + 25 kg P/ha) could increase fodder yield and farm profitability in the study area.
Real-valued Fast Fourier Transform Algorithms

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Abstract-This tutorial paper describes the methods for constructing fast algorithms for the computation of the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) of a real-valued series. The application of these ideas to all the major fast Fourier transform (FFT) algorithms is discussed, and the various algorithms are compared. We present a new implementation of the real-valued split-radix FFT, an algorithm that uses fewer operations than any other real-valued power-of-2-length FFT. We also compare the performance of inherently real-valued transform algorithms such as the fast Hartley transform (FHT) and the fast cosine transform (FCT) to real-valued FFT algorithms for the computation of power spectra and cyclic convolutions. Comparisons of these techniques reveal that the alternative techniques always require more additions than a method based on a real-valued FFT algorithm and result in computer code of equal or greater length and complexity. I.