jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Analysis of a hybridizable discontinuous Galerkin scheme for the tangential control of the Stokes system

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

\nWe consider an unconstrained tangential Dirichlet boundary control problem for the Stokes equations with an L2 penalty on the boundary control. The contribution of this paper is twofold. First, we obtain well-posedness and regularity results for the tangential Dirichlet control problem on a convex polygonal domain. The analysis contains new features not found in similar Dirichlet control problems for the Poisson equation; an interesting result is that the optimal control has higher local regularity on the individual edges of the domain compared to the global regularity on the entire boundary. Second, we propose and analyze a hybridizable discontinuous Galerkin (HDG) method to approximate the solution. For convex polygonal domains, our theoretical convergence rate for the control is optimal with respect to the global regularity on the entire boundary. We present numerical experiments to demonstrate the performance of the HDG method.\n
Evidence for early arousal‐based differentiation of emotions in children’s musical production

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract Accurate perception and production of emotional states is important for successful social interactions across the lifespan. Previous research has shown that when identifying emotion in faces, preschool children are more likely to confuse emotions that share valence, but differ in arousal (e.g. sadness and anger) than emotions that share arousal, but differ on valence (e.g. anger and joy). Here, we examined the influence of valence and arousal on children's production of emotion in music. Three‐, 5‐ and 7‐year‐old children recruited from the greater Hamilton area ( N = 74) ‘performed’ music to produce emotions using a self‐pacing paradigm, in which participants controlled the onset and offset of each chord in a musical sequence by repeatedly pressing and lifting the same key on a MIDI piano. Key press velocity controlled the loudness of each chord. Results showed that (a) differentiation of emotions by 5‐year‐old children was mainly driven by arousal of the target emotion, with differentiation based on both valence and arousal at 7 years and (b) tempo and loudness were used to differentiate emotions earlier in development than articulation. The results indicate that the developmental trajectory of emotion understanding in music may differ from the developmental trajectory in other domains.
Of History and Memory

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract The prize with which you honor me today is doubly meaningful for me: because it honors women and research on women, and because it is given in the name of K äthe Leichter. Kathe Leichter personifies the highest ideals of feminism-lifelong activity on behalf of all women, but especially of working-class women; conviction that social reforms are only just if they serve the interests of women as well as men; uncompromising struggle against fascism and National Socialism, which cost her her life. In K äthe Leichter’s life there was no divide between theory and praxis: she combined her work as a journalist and organizer with her duties as mother and wife, her po­litical leadership role with her research work as a social scientist. K ähe Leichter was heroic in her achievements, for she dared in a time of terror and oppression to organize resistance and to oppose the horrors of Nazi state power with the brave words of humanism on thin leaflets. It was for this she was jailed and finally gassed in the concentration camp Ravensbruck. In honoring other women we remember her and in a way continue her work and her ideals.
Green Support Capacity for Livestock Feed and Yield of Oil Palm Plantation in Watubangga Sub District Kolaka District

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This research aims to determine the support of greenery and the results of oil palm plantations as feed for Balinese cattle in Watubangga Sub District. The research method is done by observing the green potential of animal feed. Samples were obtained from the tiling of fodder greens. The research material is a group of grasses, pods, riddles, and the results of oil palm plantations. The research method analyzes weed dominance's carrying capacity and summed dominant ratio (SDR) in a specific area. The results showed nine types of greenery, two types of pods, two types of technical puzzles, and four types of plantation results as a source of livestock feed in Watubangga Sub District. The production of green dried material can meet the needs of 255.33 livestock units, and the effects of oil palm can meet the consumption needs of Balinese cattle 351,516 livestock units.
PF-AR NW14, a new time-resolved diffraction/scattering beamline

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

NW14 is a new insertion device beamline at the Photon Factory Advanced Ring (PF-AR), which is a unique ring with full-time single-bunched operation, aiming for timeresolved x-ray diffraction/scattering and XAFS experiments. The primary scientific goal of this beamline is to observe the ultrafast dynamics of condensed matter systems such as organic and inorganic crystals, biological systems and liquids triggered by optical pulses. With the large photon fluxes derived from the undulator, it should become possible to take a snapshoot an atomic-scale image of the electron density distribution. By combining a series of images it is possible to produce a movie of the photo-induced dynamics with 50-ps resolution. The construction of the beamline is being funded by the ERATO Koshihara Non-equilibrium Dynamics Project of the Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), and the beamline will be operational from autumn 2005.
Beijing’s First Green Belt—A 50-Year Long Chinese Planning Story

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article traces the development process of Beijing’s First Green Belt from its origins in the 1950s, to its reinterpretation in the 1980s/1990s and its implementation in the 1990s/2000s. We identify three-time phases and important milestones, which kept the green belt idea alive, developed it and contextualized it in relation to the historical background. This article shows that the first green belt project in Beijing was a continuing process of changing functions and ranges. Its adaptability to variations followed the political changes and reflected the socio-economic dynamics, which secured its longevity. Different ideas shaped the plan and its link to mega events like the Olympic Games and environmental problems accelerated the implementation, but the shortage of funding and absence of legislation led to a compromised result. The case is an interesting example of how a long-term project transforms over and with time, but also for the gap between planning ambitions and actual urban development, illustrating past and contemporary urban planning in the context of a fast-developing country.
Anti‐MRSA Agent Discovery Using Diversity‐Oriented Synthesis

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Resistenzbrecher: An einem trägergebundenen Phosphonat wurden in einer diversitätsorientierten Synthese 242 mögliche Wirkstoffe auf der Grundlage von 18 Naturstoffgerüsten aufgebaut. Dieses Vorgehen führte zu Gemmacin (siehe Schema), einem Antibiotikum mit neuartiger Struktur, das gegen Methicillin-resistenten Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) wirksam ist.
TAD16K: An enhanced benchmark for autonomous driving

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Although promising results have been achieved in the areas of object detection and classification, few works have provided an end-to-end solution to the perception problems in the autonomous driving field. In this paper, we make two contributions. Firstly, we fully enhanced our previously released TT100K benchmark and provide 16,817 elaborately labeled Tencent Street View panoramas. This newly created benchmark, we call it Tencent Autonomous Driving 16K (TAD16K), not only contains previously labeled traffic-signs (221 types), but also creates annotations for three new objects, which are traffic lights (6 types), vehicles and pedestrians. Secondly, we provide the evaluation results of two state-of-the-art object detection algorithms (SSD and DetectNet) on our benchmark, which can be used as the baseline for future comparison purpose. Finally, we also demonstrate that the network trained on our benchmark can be directly deployed for practical application. The TAD16K, relevant additions and the source codes are publicly available 1,2 .
[Unusual pseudosarcoid granulomatosis of a prostatic adenoma].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In the reported observation, numerous granulomas of the sarcoid type in the absence of sarcoidosis were found under the capsule of the removed prostate adenoma in a man of 57 who was practically normal for 8 1/2 years after the operation. Some of these granulomas were formed around adenoma glands. Also, large periglandular lymphoidcell infiltrates were found, sometimes with foci of cells similar to epithelioid ones. It is assumed that these infiltrates may precede granuloma formation. In the same sections there were rounded foci of sclerotic changes which apparently may be due to scarring of granulomas. An infectious-allergic genesis of the disease is suggested.
Politicas de Seguridad Alimentaria en los Paises de la Comunidad Andina: Bolivia, Columbia, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This book analyses the complex concept of food security in the Andean Countries: Bolivia, Ecuador, Colombia, Peru and Venezuela. The food security situation is examined from a sub regional perspective, and the possible elements of a sub regional food security strategy are outlined. Food security policies are analyzed and policy proposals are made for each Andean country.
Utilizing EcoDesign data for recycling quotas complying disassembly

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper describes how data from the design stage - i.e. product and process related data to ensure design of recycling oriented products - is utilized to support the end of life stage in terms of efficient disassembly systems design. As planning disassembly systems is based on product and process data, of course, it is obvious that data from the early stages of the product life phase can contribute to design disassembly systems that are adapted to certain product characteristics and specific process parameters. Especially nowadays, with recycling quotas prescribed in new legislation (e.g. Directive on Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment) product data gain in importance to ensure complying with recycling quotas. Here, the most appropriate way to enable utilization of product and process data for disassembly systems design is either data base integration or configuring and applying defined interfaces.
Consumption coagulopathy after intra-amniotic urea.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Failure to confirm evidence for existence of two populations with duodenal ulcer A previous study on 339 patients attending a gastrointestinal unit suggested that patients with duodenal ulcer could be divided into two types.1 2 The distinction was based on maximal acid secretion and apparent differences in the prevalence of several clinical features, particularly family history, bleeding and perforation, and ABO blood grouping.In a further series of two groups of 100 patients referred consecutively to the same unit, however, no such distinction could be made.The results of this further study are presented here. Methods and resultsThe two groups of patients, who were investigated between October 1974 and October 1975, were proved radiologically and endoscopically to have duodenal ulcer.In every case the maximal acid output (MAO) was measured in response to 6 ,ag pentagastrin/kg total body weight (TBW).MAO was expressed as the amount of HC1 excreted/kg TBW, thereby reducing the difference between the sexes.3Mean MAO levels were used and tests of significance based on a comparison of these.Such tests have a better chance of detecting significance than tests based on contingency tables.The results in each of the two groups are given separately.The mean MAO levels (+SD) in the two groups were 0 48+0 19 and 0 49±+020 mmol HCl/kg TBW respectively (see table).In the previous
Dense gas formation in the Musca filament due to the dissipation of a supersonic converging flow

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

\nObservations with the Herschel Space Telescope have established that most star forming gas is organised in filaments, a finding that is supported by numerical simulations of the supersonic interstellar medium (ISM) where dense filamentary structures are ubiquitous. We aim to understand the formation of these dense structures by performing observations covering the 12CO(4→3), 12CO(3→2), and various CO(2–1) isotopologue lines of the Musca filament, using the APEX telescope. The observed CO intensities and line ratios cannot be explained by PDR (photodissociation region) emission because of the low ambient far-UV field that is strongly constrained by the non-detections of the [C II] line at 158 μm and the [O I] line at 63 μm, observed with the upGREAT receiver on SOFIA, as well as a weak [C I] 609 μm line detected with APEX. We propose that the observations are consistent with a scenario in which shock excitation gives rise to warm and dense gas close to the highest column density regions in the Musca filament. Using shock models, we find that the CO observations can be consistent with excitation by J-type low-velocity shocks. A qualitative comparison of the observed CO spectra with synthetic observations of dynamic filament formation simulations shows a good agreement with the signature of a filament accretion shock that forms a cold and dense filament from a converging flow. The Musca filament is thus found to be dense molecular post-shock gas. Filament accretion shocks that dissipate the supersonic kinetic energy of converging flows in the ISM may thus play a prominent role in the evolution of cold and dense filamentary structures. \n
Rent‑Seeking in Sugar Industry: Evidence from Financial Accounting Data

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

We examine the impact of inefficiency at company and country level on the profitability of sugar companies. This study offers a fresh approach to the rent seeking literature by examining the financial accounting data. The rent seeking hypothesis posits positive relationship between inefficiency and profitability. To verify the hypotheses, we employed a linear regression model that links profitability with inefficiency measurement (company level and country level) with firm size; liquidity; leverage and country dummy variables as control variables. The regression model was estimated using a panel dataset of 158 companies, annual frequency from 2013 to 2022. Two-Step Difference GMM is employed as main estimator to cope with persistence and endogeneity feature inherently in our model and data. As expected, we find that inefficiency (of both company and country level) has a positive association with profitability. Our results are robust after an array of checking.
SOCIAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL IMPAIRMENTS CAUSED BY ACNE VULGARIS

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Acne, often misunderstood as simple puberty -related condition, can lead to social and psychological impairments comparable to those caused by chronic diseases like asthma, epilepsy and arthritis. Measuringimpact of acne on quality of life allows us to understand the disease from patient’s view, selecting appropriate treatment and understanding the concept of counselling for better compliance. Material and Method: Cross sectional study on 700 acne patients attending Dermatology O.P.D, Services Hospital, Lahore over a period of 3 years was done. Inclusion criteria was males or females of >14 years with acne of any severity. Exclusion criteria was age <14 years, patients on drugs causing acneiform eruption, known psychiatric patients and those having other chronic skin conditions. Patients filled questionnaire on life quality based on CADI. Data gathered was analysed using Pearson coefficient of correlations and through SPSS software version 14. Results: Maximum impact on life quality was seen in moderate (58%) followed by mild (28.4%) and severe (12.7%) grades of acne. Highest impact of acne was found in age group 19-23 years (42.8%) followed by 24-28 years (42.7%) and above 32 years (2.28%). Handpicking (56%),rubbing (12%) and frequent hand washing (11%) were among commonly encountered habits. Among specific responses of CADI, 63% felt aggressive and frustrated, 73% showed social interference and 25% reported avoidanceof public changing. Conclusion: Study confirmed that acne has significant impact on life quality. By identifying high risk patients and incorporating psychocutaneous information into treatment plan, can avert potentially disastrous emotional and functional sequelae
On interleaved, differentially encoded convolutional codes

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We study a serially interleaved concatenated code construction, where the outer code is a standard convolutional code, and the inner code is a recursive convolutional code of rate 1. We focus on the ubiquitous inner differential encoder (used, in particular, to resolve phase ambiguities), double differential encoder (used to resolve both phase and frequency ambiguities), and another rate 1 recursive convolutional code of memory 2. We substantiate analytically the rather surprising result, that the error probabilities corresponding to a maximum-likelihood (ML) coherently detected antipodal modulation over the additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel for this construction are advantageous as compared to the stand-alone outer convolutional code. This is in spite of the fact that the inner code is of rate 1. The analysis is based on the tangential sphere upper bound of an ML decoder, incorporating the ensemble weight distribution (WD) of the concatenated code, where the ensemble is generated by all random and uniform interleavers. This surprising result is attributed to the WD thinning observed for the concatenated scheme which shapes the WD of the outer convolutional code to resemble more closely the binomial distribution (typical of a fully random code of the same length and rate). This gain is maintained regardless of a rather dramatic decrease, as demonstrated here, in the minimum distance of the concatenated scheme as compared to the minimum distance of the outer stand-alone convolutional code. The advantage of the examined serially interleaved concatenated code, given in terms of bit and/or block error probability which is decoded by a practical suboptimal decoder, over the optimally decoded standard convolutional code is demonstrated by simulations, and some insights into the performance of the iterative decoding algorithm are also discussed. Though we have investigated only specific constructions of constituent inner (rate 1) and outer codes, we trust, hinging on the rational of the arguments here, that these results extend to many other constituent convolutional outer codes and rate 1 inner recursive convolutional codes.
The effects of local cold application on fibromyalgia pain

Field: Nursing (Health Sciences)

Abstract Aim This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of local cold application on pain when applied to the trapezius muscles of patients with fibromyalgia. Method A one‐group, pre‐test/post‐test, pre‐experimental model was applied in this study, which was conducted with 55 fibromyalgia patients who presented to a rheumatology outpatient clinic. A 10‐min cold application was administered to one trapezius muscle of each patient. The participants’ pain was evaluated, in total, four times (before the cold application and 10 min, 1.5 h and 24 h after the cold application). The visual analogue scale ( VAS ) for pain was used to collect data for the study, and Friedman and Wilcoxon tests were used to assess the data. Results The patients’ pain mean score before (6.45, SD :1.27) the cold applications was found to be significantly higher than the scores noted 10 min (2.75, SD :1.73), 1.5 h (2.45, SD :1.29), and 24 h (3.36, SD :1.30) after the application ( P < 0.001). Conclusion The study found that local cold applications performed on the trapezius muscles of patients with fibromyalgia significantly decreased their pain. With its discovery of a new method of pain control in fibromyalgia patients, this study will significantly contribute to science and will serve as a guide for pain management, especially in nursing practice. Further studies to evaluate the maximum effect duration and effect mechanisms of local cold applications to the trapezius muscles of FM patients are indicated.
Economic and mathematical modeling of information flows in equipment and personnel monitoring systems during digitalization of a machine-building enterprise

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

ЭКОНОМИКО-МАТЕМАТИЧЕСКОЕ МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ ИНФОРМАЦИОННЫХ ПОТОКОВ В СИСТЕМАХ МОНИТОРИНГА ОБРУДОВАНИЯ И ПЕРСОНАЛА ПРИ ЦИФРОВИЗАЦИИ МАШИНОСТРОИТЕЛЬНОГО ПРЕДПРИЯТИЯ © И.С.Щедров 1
From Cal Tech to York: A Progress Report on the Anglo-American Conferences on History Teaching, 1973-74

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

HISTORY in the hands of historians is not what it used to be. This aphorism offered at the outset by Lynn White, Jr. of UCLA could have served equally well as the terse conclusion of the one hundred teachers of history from schools and colleges within the United Kingdom and the United States at the end of their joint workshop last August.' The first phase of a continuing experiment in international cooperation, this workshop took place at the California Institute of Technology and the Henry E. Huntington Library, and ended with
Are private defensive expenditures against storm damages affected by public programs and natural barriers? Evidence from the coastal areas of Bangladesh

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract This paper introduces a household model of private investment in storm protection under an endogenous risk framework to determine how defensive self-protection and self-insurance expenditures by coastal households to mitigate storm-inflicted damages are affected by the availability of public programs and the presence of a mangrove forest. The theoretical results show that publicly constructed physical barriers and mangroves encourage self-protection but discourage self-insurance expenditures. However, public disaster relief and rehabilitation programs lead to the crowding-out of self-protection but the crowding-in of self-insurance. Our empirical analysis of coastal households in Bangladesh impacted by Cyclone Sidr reveals partial support for the crowding-out and crowding-in effects of public investments and programs. Households located in a mangrove-protected area invest more in self-protection and less in self-insurance. Other controls, such as household socio-economic characteristics, also influence and add a degree of complexity to the relationship.
Barriers and facilitators for community pharmacists’ participation in pharmacy practice research: a survey

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Objectives The aim of this study was to explore pharmacists’ barriers and facilitators regarding participation in pharmacy practice research. Methods We conducted an online cross-sectional survey in 1974 community pharmacies in the Netherlands. Key findings A total of 252 pharmacists completed the questionnaire. The majority agreed that participation in research should be part of daily practice. Efficient time investment and a clear benefit for general professional knowledge, patient care and pharmacy organisation were the most important facilitating factors. Conclusions To encourage pharmacists’ participation, researchers should offer clear instructions, possibilities for flexible time management, simple patient inclusion, task delegation and no additional contacts with healthcare professionals due to the research.