jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Sonic hedgehog selectively promotes lymphangiogenesis after kidney injury through noncanonical pathway

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Kidney fibrosis is associated with an increased lymphangiogenesis, characterized by the formation and expansion of new lymphatic vessels. However, the trigger and underlying mechanism responsible for the growth of lymphatic vessels in diseased kidney remain poorly defined. Here, we report that tubule-derived sonic hedgehog (Shh) ligand is a novel lymphangiogenic factor that plays a crucial role in mediating lymphatic endothelial cell proliferation and expansion. Shh was induced in renal tubular epithelium in various models of fibrotic chronic kidney disease, and this was accompanied by an expansion of lymphatic vessels in adjacent areas. In vitro, Shh selectively promoted the proliferation of human dermal lymphatic endothelial cells (HDLECs) but not human umbilical vein endothelial cells, as assessed by cell counting, MTT assay, and bromodeoxyuridine incorporation. Shh also induced the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3, cyclin D1, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen in HDLECs. Shh did not affect the expression of Gli1, the downstream target and readout of canonical hedgehog signaling, but activated ERK-1/2 in HDLECs. Inhibition of Smoothened with small-molecule inhibitor or blockade of ERK-1/2 activation abolished the lymphatic endothelial cell proliferation induced by Shh. In vivo, inhibition of Smoothened also repressed lymphangiogenesis and attenuated renal fibrosis. This study identifies Shh as a novel mitogen that selectively promotes lymphatic, but not vascular, endothelial cell proliferation and suggests that tubule-derived Shh plays an essential role in mediating lymphangiogenesis after kidney injury.
Horizontal wind velocity retrieval using a Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm for an airborne wind lidar

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We established a model for an airborne wind lidar. Numerical optimization algorithms should be used to solve this nonlinear model. We designed a Levenberg–Marquardt (L–M) algorithm and tested it with the modeled data. The retrieved velocity and the true velocity agree very well, and the adjusted R2 is 0.99947. We have carried out an airborne coherent wind lidar experiment in January 2015, and we used the model and the L–M algorithm to process the wind lidar experiment data, and compared the retrieved results with the radiosonde wind profile. The consistency is very good, especially at an altitude above 1.8 km. We may speculate that when the atmosphere flows are not so dramatic, the lidar and the radiosonde measurements are strictly synchronous, it is possible to retrieve horizontal wind speeds and directions consistently with the radiosonde using our wind lidar model and the L–M algorithm.
Arm Based Liquid Level Detection and Fluid Control System

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract - Efficient liquid level detection and fluid control are crucial in various industrial and domestic applications, such as chemical processing, water management, and biomedical systems. This project presents an ARM-based liquid level detection and fluid control system using an STM32F1 03C8T6 microcontroller, designed for precise and automated fluid regulation.The system consists of two beakers, one for liquid level detection and the other for fluid flow regulation. Ultrasonic sensor continuously monitor the liquid level in the detection beaker. If the liquid level falls below a predefined threshold, the STM32F103C8T6 microcontroller activates a control mechanism to regulate the fluid flow from the second beaker to restore the desired level. The control algorithm ensures real-time adjustments, minimizing overshoot and preventing spillage.This ARM-based liquid level control system finds applications in industries requiring precise fluid handling, such as pharmaceuticals, food processing, and wastewater treatment. Future enhancements may include wireless monitoring, adaptive thresholding, and machine learning-based predictive control for further optimization Key Words: STM32F103C8T6, Liquid Level Detection, Fluid Control System, Water Level Measurement ,Calibration Algorithm, Data Processing, Real-time Monitoring, Variable Power Supply, STM32CubeIDE / Keil / Arduino IDE, C/C++ for Embedded Systems, PWM Control.
Development and calibration of wavelength scanning interferometry for surface topography measurement

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Modern advanced manufacturing is capable of generating complex structures on large area substrates while maintaining high feature resolution and small defects. Examples of these products include photovoltaic cells, OLED displays, and printed sensors, manufactured at high speed on roll-to-roll (R2R) processes. A challenge for manufacturers is to ensure that the quality of products is not compromised by the faster manufacturing process, therefore inspection should be in-line, fast, and should meet the accuracy needs of the product. A possible candidate for nanoscale surface measurement on large areas in an industrial environment is the wavelength scanning interferometer (WSI) technique for its higher speed when compared to other surface topography measurement techniques. \n \n \nIn this thesis, traceability for a WSI instrument is established, i.e. a procedure is defined to estimate the measurement uncertainty according to recent development in ISO standards for surface texture measurement. An estimation of measurement uncertainties associated with each of the metrological characteristics (MCs) and combined uncertainty is reported. It is shown that the WSI instrument is capable of measuring surface height with an uncertainty in the order of tens of nanometres. The larger uncertainty contribution is due to the linearity deviation of the vertical axis due to variable performance of the phase demodulating algorithm to fringe patterns with a large range of frequencies. \n \n \nAnd alternative method is proposed to estimate the amplification factor and the linearity deviation which are usually estimated with the step height standard (SHS) method. The amplification factor can be estimated which lower uncertainty via the wavelength standard (WS) method and the linearity deviation via the measurement of a tilted-flat. \n \n \nA technique variation, namely ’phase WSI’ is proposed that improves the measurement performance of the WSI. Rather than determining the conventional fringe frequency-derived height directly, the method uses the frequency to resolve the fringe order ambiguity, and combine this information with the more accurate and repeatable fringe phase derived z height. A theoretical model to evaluate the method’s performance in the presence of additive noise is derived and shown to be in good agreement with experiments. The linearity deviation is reduced by approximately an order of magnitude, reaching amplitudes of few nanometres. The measurement noise is also reduced by an order of magnitude, reaching the sub-nanometre range. \n \n \nA complementary technique, quadrature WSI (QWSI), is also proposed which extends the measurement range by more than double, allowing positive and negative optical path differences (OPD) to be distinguished and making accessible for measurement the range around the zero OPD position. A theoretical explanation of the achieved improvement and the origin of possible phase estimation error is also provided.
A Video-Codec Chip Set for Multimedia Applications

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The multimedia, video-codec chip set described in this paper represents the first generation in a family of devices that will make possible reliable, cost-effective storage and transmission of multimedia data, including video. AT&T's multimedia video-codec complies with international video standards. It supports still-image and audio compression over a wide range of quality and bit rates; multiplexing of audio, video, and data; and protocol control for a variety of telecommunications options. The codec consists of three chips — a video encoder, a video decoder, and a systems controller — plus one or two digital-signal processors and a modest amount of industry-standard, dynamic random-access memory. In this paper, we examine the potential market for such a device and the performance and capability requirements. We also describe the overall multimedia-codec architecture and review the video-signal-processing operations for standards-compliant video compression. Finally, we describe the architecture of the encoder, decoder, and systems controller.
Chitosan Phytate Nanoparticles: A Synergistic Strategy for Effective Dental Caries Prevention

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Dental caries is a widespread oral disease that poses a significant medical challenge. Traditional caries prevention methods, primarily the application of fluoride, often fall short in effectively destroying biofilms and preventing enamel demineralization, thereby providing limited efficacy in halting the progression of caries over time. To address this issue, we have developed a green and cost-effective synergistic strategy for the prevention of dental caries. By combining natural sodium phytate and chitosan, we have created chitosan-sodium phytate nanoparticles that offer both the antimicrobial properties of chitosan and the enamel demineralization-inhibiting capabilities of sodium phytate. In an ex vivo biofilm model of human teeth, we found that these nanoparticles effectively prevent biofilm buildup and acid damage to the mineralized tissue. Additionally, topical treatment of dental caries in rodent models has shown that these nanoparticles effectively suppress disease progression without negatively impacting oral microbiota diversity or causing harm to the gingival-mucosal tissues, unlike traditional prevention methods.
Construction of a measurement and control system for a sawyer motor-driven planar motion stage

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper describes a precision positioning system combined with a Sawyer motor-driven stage and a surface encoder.The stage consists of a platen and forcers(linear pulse motors).The platen is a passive steel plate with teeth over the surface.Each of the forcers,which is levitated on the platen as stage moving element by air-bearing,is composed of a permanent magnet and two driving coils to generate X-directional and Y-directional thrust forces against the platen for driv- ing the stage.A surface encoder is constructed for measurement and control of the stage movement.A sine-grid is mounted on the platen and a sensor-unit is mounted on the stage moving element.There are three optical sensors in the sensor unit for measurement of the X-and Y-positions at three separate points.Theθ_z displacement of the stage can be calculated from the sensor outputs.A feedback control system is developed for controlling the movement of the stage.Measurement and feedback control experiments are carried out to verify the feasibility of the precision positioning system.
Estimating Maximum Surface Settlement Caused by EPB Shield Tunneling Utilizing an Intelligent Approach

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

To control tunneling risk, the prediction of the surface settlement rate induced by shield tunneling using earth pressure balance plays a crucial role. To achieve this, ten independent variables were identified that can affect the amount of settlement. The nonlinear relationship between maximum ground surface settlements and ten influential independent variables was considered in artificial neural network (ANN) models. A total of 150 genuine datasets derived from the Southern Development Section of the Tehran Metro Line 6 project were used to train, validate, and test ANN techniques. Hence, the ground surface settlements of the mentioned project were predicted by the most accurate back propagation ANN technique. Ultimately, the importance level of different influential parameters on ground settlement at tunneling is relatively determined based on the results of the optimal neural network. The results used in this paper to evaluate the relative importance of each variable involved in the rate of ground surface settlement demonstrate that the parameters of grout injection and permeability equivalent to the proportions of approximately 16.91% and 5.07% have the highest and lowest impact, successively.
Building brand value co-creation in online transportation services: A serial mediation approach

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This study aims to examine the impact of customer ethical perception on brand value co-creation in online transportation services through the role of serial mediation of customer-brand identification, overall satisfaction and transportation application commitment. This research was conducted on 300 generations Y and Z online transportation services users in the Province of Bali, Indonesia. Partial least square-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was used for analysis purposes. It was found that customer ethical perception does not directly affect brand value co-creation. On the other hand, satisfaction mediates the influence of customer ethical perception on brand value co-creation. We then found that customer-brand identification and transportation application commitment mediate the influence of customer ethical perception on brand value co-creation serially. This study is the first to examine the role of serial mediation by using three variables namely customer-brand identification, satisfaction and transportation application commitment on the effect of customer ethical perception on brand value co-creation.
Exploring Environmental Education Content through Education for Sustainable Development Lenses. A Case of Malawi Senior Primary School Religious Education Curriculum

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The United Nations environmental education agenda calls all bodies of knowledge to engage students by instilling environmental consciousness and actively involve them through transformative classroom practices. Therefore, all curricula are expected to integrate considerable and relevant environmental content that is linked to Education for Sustainable Development through classroom practice. This qualitative article is part of a larger study that investigated the adequacy of environmental education content and the suggested pedagogical approaches in the Malawi senior primary school Religious Education curriculum. This was in an effort to seek deeper understanding on the adequacy of ecological and environmental content and how the content is pedagogically made accessible to learners. The investigation involved analyzing Religious Education curriculum documents and recommended textbooks with respect to ecological and environmental content, including the suggested pedagogical approaches. The study revealed the limited coverage of ecological and environmental issues especially the Bible Knowledge curricular that focus more on conservation and less on sustainability and ecological justice. Furthermore, the study revealed a dominance of transmission mode, with a focus on knowledge transmission rather than critical thinking or problem-posing with practical engagement of students. Among some of the propositions were the need for review of RE curriculum, focusing on adequacy of ecological and environmental content with the transformative pedagogical approaches and this in response to the UN urgent call on ecological and environmental education.
Post-Apartheid South Africa: Poverty and distribution trends in an era of globalization

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

South Africa’s transition to democracy in 1994 created new possibilities for economic policy. Economic liberalization brought sustained, if unspectacular, growth that reversed the long decline in per capita incomes, but left its scars in much job shedding associated with business becoming internationally competitive. This accords with international evidence that trade liberalization takes time to realize positive employment effects. Disappointing employment growth in the face of an expanding labourforce fed rising unemployment. However, using poverty estimates from a combination of sources, this study demonstrates that poverty nevertheless declined quite substantially after the turn of the century. Poverty dominance testing shows this conclusion to be insensitive to the selection of poverty line or measure. But empirical analysis does not allow strong conclusions to be drawn on causal relationships between globalization and poverty trends. – trade ; labour ; South Africa ; globalization
Evidence for Short-Distance Dispersal of Pollinia in Asclepias syriaca L.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In milkweeds (Asclepiadaceae) pollen is produced in paired packages (pollinia) and pollination occurs when a pollinium is inserted by a pollinator into a stigmatic chamber. Previous studies have suggested that this mode of pollen delivery results in predominantly long-distance pollen dispersal. This assertion was tested for Asclepias syriaca L. A plant whose pollinia had been labelled with 14C was placed within a large population of milkweeds and a single subject umbel was exposed to honey-bee pollinators for 5 days. Hand pollinations involving another umbel on this plant verified that labelled pollinia dispersed to flowers within the umbel (geitonogamy), or to flowers on other plants, could be detected by scintillation counts. The labelled plant was at the centre of a 6 X 6m study plot. Of the 38 insertions on the labelled umbel, 14 (37%) were from the labelled umbel itself (geitonogamy). Thirty labelled pollinia were detected in umbels on neighbouring plants within the study plot. It is estimated that few labelled pollinia were inserted into flowers outside of the study plot, although the possibility of some long-distance dispersal cannot be excluded. The results indicate that much of the pollen dispersal was short distance. This makes pollen dispersal characteristics in this species similar to those of non-milkweed species. Shortdistance pollen dispersal can have important implications for A. syriaca which reproduces vegetatively and for which geitonogamous pollination does not result in fruit set. Key-words: Asclepias, 14C, milkweeds, pollen dispersal, pollinia
A New Species and a New Record of the Weevil Genus Ceutorhynchus Germar from Western Chukotka (Coleoptera, Curculionidae: Ceutorhynchini)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Two species of the weevil genus Ceutorhynchus Germar have been added to the list of 13 species of the family Curculionidae known from the vicinity of Pevek City, Western Chukotka: Ceutorhynchus seniculus C. Brisout, formerly known in Chukotka only from the Anadyr River basin, and Ceutorhynchus arcticus Korotyaev, sp. n., closely related to the trans-Palaearctic C. cochleariae (Gyll.) but differing in a set of characters typical of the northern species, e.g., convex body with coarser sculpture and darker vestiture. Ceutorhynchus cochleariae is recorded for the first time from the southern Russian Far East based on a single female from Khabarovsk Territory in the Senckenberg-Museum, Frankfurt am Main, Germany. This is the first local fauna in the tundra zone including four Ceutorhynchus species.
‘Intellectual in Its Looser Sense’: Reading Mencken’s Smart Set

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Gilbert Seldes almost single-handedly brought the highest of highbrow modernism into the United States by publishing T. S. Eliot's The Waste Land in the Dial magazine in November 1922, but when this critic looked back on American literary culture of the interwar years, he mainly remembered H. L. Mencken. As Seldes explained, 'Mencken influenced the minds of thousands of young people when they were in or recently out of college. In that sense, he took part in creating the climate of the time.'1 While Seldes clearly associated H. L. Mencken with major cultural movements, he qualified this influence in an interesting way, adding, 'As far as ideas and the arts were concerned, he had an effect on the intellectual climate – here using intellectual in its looser sense.'2
Tactile intensity perception compared to auditory loudness perception

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The examination of auditory intensity perception has a long history, and comprehensive knowledge exists. However, tactile intensity perception has not been studied as thoroughly. A short literature review provides an overview of the current state of research, with a focus on perceived vibration magnitude. To broaden our knowledge, tactile intensity perception was investigated further in this study. The growth of perceived intensity of seat vibrations with increasing vibration level was compared to auditory loudness. Therefore, a magnitude estimation experiment was performed. Curves of equal vibration intensity have been determined.
Deflation and the Decoupling of Economy and Financialization

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Certo! Ecco un riassunto formale del documento “Deflation and the decoupling of economy and financialization”:The paper discusses the decoupling between the real economy and financialization, highlighting how the financial crisis of 2008-2009 has shown that the development of financialization is not irreversible. Despite the perception of zero risk and out-of-market real estate values, the crisis has revealed the weakness of the real economy. Deflation is identified as a new enemy, appearing when debt exceeds income, depressing the value of capital and creating problems for production and sale. Olivier Blanchard’s proposal on Eurobonds aims to strengthen the euro and improve the EU’s financial stability but presents political and fiscal challenges. Financial speculation, fueled by private debt, weakens the real economy and creates a decoupling between the financial market and the real economy. The financial crisis of 2008-2009 did not solve the problem but only mitigated the impact of private debt. The resistance of economic systems to speculative play depends on the decline of global economic development and the ability to absorb downward shocks in financial values. As regards the future prospects, it is essential that economic policies focus on reducing private debt and stabilizing financial markets in order to avoid further crises. In addition, the implementation of instruments such as Eurobonds could help strengthen the European economy, but it requires significant political and fiscal commitment. The main challenge will be to find a balance between economic growth and financial stability, ensuring that the real economy is not sacrificed in favor of financial speculation.