jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Dark matter scaling relations in intermediate z haloes

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We investigate scaling relations between the dark matter (DM) halo model parameters for a sample of intermediate-redshift early-type galaxies (ETGs) resorting to a combined analysis of Einstein radii and aperture velocity dispersions. Modelling the dark halo with a Navarro–Frenk–White profile and assuming a Salpeter initial mass function (IMF) to estimate stellar masses, we find that the column density <f><inline-fig> <link locator="mnras0409-1570-mu1"></inline-fig></f> and the Newtonian acceleration within the halo characteristic radius <it>r<inf>s</inf></it> and effective radius <it>R</it><inf>eff</inf> are not universal quantities, but correlate with the luminosity <it>L<inf>V</inf></it>, the stellar mass <it>M</it><inf>&starf;</inf> and the halo mass <it>M</it><inf>200</inf>, contrary to recent claims in the literature. We finally discuss a tight correlation among the DM mass <it>M</it><inf>DM</inf>(<it>R</it><inf>eff</inf>) within the effective radius <it>R</it><inf>eff</inf>, the stellar mass <it>M</it><inf>&starf;</inf>(<it>R</it><inf>eff</inf>) and <it>R</it><inf>eff</inf> itself. The slopes of the scaling relations discussed here strongly depend, however, on the DM halo model and the IMF adopted so that these ingredients have to be better constrained in order to draw definitive conclusions on the DM scaling relations for ETGs.
Psychology of Psychopharmacology

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The practice of giving medications for psychiatric conditions has inevitable psychological aspects. A central one is transference and countertransference, the unconscious and conscious emotions that arise between patient and clinician. Secondary gain can be another factor, with conscious non-medical goals on the part of the patient—as in other psychiatric settings, patients either come to treatment, or avoid it, because of reasons or factors which may have nothing to do with the actual treatment itself. Pill-seeking patients who come for clinical care sometimes aggressively seek medications. The social role of the psychiatric clinician is relevant as well, as patients in the Western world in particular go to mental health professionals for concerns that sometimes are non-medical in nature. In the past, people with personal problems unrelated to diseases often went to priests or other religious guides. Currently, in the industrialized West, fewer people follow those traditions and many instead seek the help of mental health professionals.
Incremental Bayesian Category Learning From Natural Language

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract Models of category learning have been extensively studied in cognitive science and primarily tested on perceptual abstractions or artificial stimuli. In this paper, we focus on categories acquired from natural language stimuli, that is, words (e.g., chair is a member of the furniture category). We present a Bayesian model that, unlike previous work, learns both categories and their features in a single process. We model category induction as two interrelated subproblems: (a) the acquisition of features that discriminate among categories, and (b) the grouping of concepts into categories based on those features. Our model learns categories incrementally using particle filters, a sequential Monte Carlo method commonly used for approximate probabilistic inference that sequentially integrates newly observed data and can be viewed as a plausible mechanism for human learning. Experimental results show that our incremental learner obtains meaningful categories which yield a closer fit to behavioral data compared to related models while at the same time acquiring features which characterize the learned categories. (An earlier version of this work was published in Frermann and Lapata .)
Quinoline Alkaloids from the Roots of Orixa japonica with the Anti‐Pathogenic Fungi Activities

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract A new quinoline alkaloid, 5‐hydroxy‐6‐methoxy‐ N ‐methyl‐2‐phenylquinoline‐4‐one ( 1 ), and seventeen known quinoline alkaloids ( 2 – 18 ) were isolated from the roots of Orixa japonica . The structure of 1 was determined by analysis of spectroscopic data. Among them, compounds 2 , 3 , and 13 were isolated from this plant for the first time. All isolates were screened for the anti‐pathogenic fungi activities, including Rhizoctonia solani , Magnaporthe oryzae , and Phomopsis sp. The results showed that five compounds ( 4 , 8 , 10 , 11 , and 12 ) exhibited significant anti‐pathogenic fungi effects at 50.0 μg/mL. In special, compound 10 exhibited the best antifungal activities toward R. solani and M. oryzae with the IC 50 values of 37.86 and 44.72 μM, respectively, better than that of the positive control, hymexazol (IC 50 121.21 and 1518.18 μM, respectively). Moreover, eleven new quinoline alkaloids derivatives ( 12a–12k ) were designed and synthesized to investigate the structure−activity relationships (SARs). The SARs analysis indicated that the furo[2,3‐ b ]quinoline skeleton and the methoxy at C‐7 (compounds 8 , 11 , and 12 ) played a key role for improving the antifungal activities.
Simulation analysis of dispatching rules for automated material handling systems and processing tools in semiconductor fabs

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

A critical aspect of semiconductor manufacturing is the design and analysis of material handling and production control policies to optimize fab performance. This research utilizes two simulations of SEMATECH fab data of actual production fabs. The hypothesis of this study is that both vehicle and machine dispatching rules and their interaction have significant impact on fab performance. To test this hypothesis, a full factorial design experiment is performed. The vehicle and machine dispatching rules as well as their interaction are shown to have a significant impact
On the Neumann problem for an elliptic system with weights and multiple critical nonlinearities

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We consider the solvability of the Neumann problem for an elliptic system of two equations with weights involving two critical Sobolev exponents on a bounded domain in ℝ N . By using variational methods, we investigate the effect of the shape of the graph of the weight functions and the geometry of the boundary on the existence of solutions.
Introduction to the special issue of Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences: The Nechako NATMAP Project of the central Canadian Cordillera

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The Canadian Cordillera in central British Columbia has seen the Mesozoic subduction of an oceanic terrane; the amalgamation of volcanic-arc terranes; continued intermittent Mesozoic compression and magmatism; and Tertiary wrenching, extension and magmatism. Except in its northernmost mountain ranges, the area is extensively covered in glacial drift and thin veneers of Tertiary volcanic rocks. In 1994, a group of scientists and technologists believed they could understand that cover, see through it, and discover the components of that collision and extensional orogen. They would apply modern techniques of isotopic and paleontological geochronology; lake-sediment, till, and plant geochemistry; detailed gravity, magnetic, radiometric, paleomagnetic, and electromagnetic surveys; and isotopic and trace element lithochemistry, as they conducted extensive bedrock and surficial mapping. This special issue summarizes a cross-section of the scientific contributions derived from that mapping conducted under the auspices of the Nechako NATMAP Project. It demonstrates the absolute necessity of applying modern isotopic and paleontologic geochronology to understand the Phanerozoic geology of the Cordillera. It emphasizes the necessity of detailed aeromagnetic surveys (500 m or less line spacing) in looking through covered terranes at anything more than 1 : 250 000 scale. And, it shows the immense utility of applying various geochemical techniques to solve geological problems and establish baselines for future research and economic development. Bedrock and surficial mapping in the central Cordillera, using these and other techniques, have established the nature and timing of Mesozoic crustal growth, Tertiary crustal thinning, and the associated formation of mineral deposits.
Reconstructing the ancestral vertebrate brain

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Highly complicated morphologies and sophisticated functions of vertebrate brains have been established through evolution. However, the origin and early evolutionary history of the brain remain elusive, owing to lack of information regarding the brain architecture of extant and fossil species of jawless vertebrates (agnathans). Comparative analyses of the brain of less studied cyclostomes (only extant agnathan group, consisting of lampreys and hagfish) with the well‐known sister group of jawed vertebrates (gnathostomes) are the only tools we have available to illustrate the ancestral architecture of the vertebrate brain. Previous developmental studies had shown that the lamprey lacked well‐established brain compartments that are present in gnathostomes, such as the medial ganglionic eminence and the rhombic lip. The most accepted scenario suggested that cyclostomes had fewer compartments than that of the gnathostome brain and that gnathostomes thus evolved by a stepwise addition of innovations on its developmental sequence. However, recent studies have revealed that these compartments are present in hagfish embryos, indicating that these brain regions have been acquired before the split of cyclostomes and gnathostomes. By comparing two cyclostome lineages and gnathostomes, it has become possible to speculate about a more complex ancestral state of the brain, excluding derived traits in either of the lineages. In this review, we summarize recent studies on the brain development of the lamprey and hagfish. Then, we attempt to reconstruct the possible brain architecture of the last common ancestor of vertebrates. Finally, we discuss how the developmental plan of the vertebrate brain has been modified independently in different vertebrate lineages.
Exposing Yiddish Paris: the Modern Jewish Culture pavilion at the 1937 World's Fair

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

During the 1930s, Paris was home to approximately two million immigrants. Around 150,000 of these were Yiddish-speaking Jews from Eastern Europe who used Paris as the basis for a new Western European influenced Yiddishism and Diaspora Nationalism. This paper traces the high point of that interwar Parisian Yiddish internationalist cultural development, the Modern Jewish Culture pavilion at the 1937 World's Fair. Through an analysis that places the pavilion within its immigrant Jewish and interwar Popular Front Parisian contexts, this article argues that the Modern Jewish Culture pavilion represented the culmination of decades of leftist cultural work in Paris. The Modern Jewish Culture pavilion highlighted both universal and particular aspects of Yiddish culture and placed them on display in the most international way possible. Buttressed by the rise in European fascism, antisemitism, and antifascism, Yiddish culture-makers in Paris created a cultural display that presented a sophisticated, global, pan-leftist Yiddish culture that spoke to Jews and non-Jews around the world in an attempt to preserve the burgeoning global Yiddish culture and stave off fascism.
Ultrasensitive and Robust CsPbBr3 Single-Crystal X-ray Detectors Based on Interface Engineering

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Halide lead perovskites have shown great development in recent years for ionizing radiation detection. However, the bias-induced interfacial electrochemical reaction between the perovskite and electrode severely deteriorates detector performance. We report that BCP strongly interacts with Al and constructs a stable Al-BCP chelating interface, resulting in the suppression of a detrimental electrochemical reaction. The fabricated Au/Al/BCP/C60/CsPbBr3/Au detector shows a low dark current of 3 nA with a stable baseline at an extremely high bias of 100 V (∼100 V mm-1). The superior high-bias stability enables a high sensitivity of 7.3 × 104 μC Gyair-1 cm-2 at 100 V. Meanwhile, a low detection limit of 15 nGyair s-1 at 40 V is achieved due to the reduced noise. The outstanding performance of our device exceeds that of most advanced detectors based on CsPbBr3 single crystals. Besides, X-ray imaging with 1 mm spatial resolution is well demonstrated at a low dose rate of 200 nGyair s-1. The interfacial chelating strategy overcomes the technical limitation of bias-induced instability of perovskite radiation detectors and can be anticipated to operate under an extremely high electrical field.
Electron Transfer Activity of Nickelacyclic Complex Analogues of Nickelocene:  Synthesis of (η5-R-cyclopentadienyl){η4-[1-(η5-R-cyclopentadienyl)]-2,3,4,5-tetraphenyl-1-nickela-2-cyclopentenyl}nickel Complexes (R = H, CH3) and Crystal Structures of the Redox Couples [(η5- Methylcyclopentadienyl){η4-[1-(η5-methylcyclopentadienyl)]-2,3,4,5-tetraphenyl-1-nickela-2-cyclopentenyl}nickel](0/+) and [(η5-Methylcyclopentadienyl){η5-[1-(η5-methylcyclopentadienyl)-1-nickelafluorenyl}nickel](0/+)

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Following previous reports on the synthesis and structure of different nickelacyclic complexes analogues of nickelocene, we now deal with the new metallacyclic compounds (eta5-R-cyclopentadienyl){eta4-[1-(eta5-R-cyclopentadienyl)]-2,3,4,5-tetraphenyl-1-nickela-2-cyclopentenyl}nickel (R = H, CH3). The redox ability of the whole series of nickelacyclic derivatives has been also investigated by electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical techniques, and the nature of the frontier orbitals responsible for the rich electron transfer activity of this class of compounds has been supported by theoretical considerations. On the basis of the redox properties of a few neutral members of the series, their chemical oxidation afforded the corresponding monocations and the crystal structures of the pertinent redox couples were determined by X-ray single-crystal analysis.
External Debt and Growth in Developing Countries

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The paper aims to enhance the existing literature on the debt-growth nexus by analysing the relationship in two separate country groups using the extreme bounds analysis for sensitivity tests and the mixed, fixed, and random coefficient approach that allows for heterogeneity in the causal relationship between debt and growth. Irrespective of the debt measure used, the results are robust across the two country groups—HIPC and non-HIPC—as well as two different testing procedures. The extreme bounds analysis shows that the relationship between a debt measure and economic growth is robust to changes in the conditioning set of information included in the regression equations. The mixed, fixed, and random coefficient approach, on the other hand, show a statistically significant negative causal impact running from each of the four debt measures to economic growth in both country groups. The results have important policy implications.
Importance of the third thrombospondin repeat of C6 for terminal complement complex assembly.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The anti-C6 monoclonal antibody WU 6-4 was shown to be unequivocally native restricted since it neither binds to the terminal complement complex (TCC) nor to C5b6. In addition, it was shown to inhibit TCC formation by interfering with C5b6 generation. Using the pUEX expression system and C6 cDNA the WU 6-4 epitope was mapped to the third thrombospondin repeat of C6. This protein domain may therefore contribute to the C5 binding site of C6 and be involved in terminal complement complex assembly. The presence of the epitope in rabbit C6 indicates a useful model for studying inhibition of TCC formation in vivo.
Lead time modeling and acceleration of product design and development

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

New product development is an important business process and constitutes a major contributor to the business excellence of any manufacturing firm. Designing an optimized new product development process is an important problem in itself and is of significant practical and research interest. Lead time is an important performance metric for a product development organization. We develop lead time models for product development organizations that involve multiple, concurrent projects with contention for human/technical resources. The objective is to explore how the lead times call be reduced using efficient scheduling, input control, load balancing, and variability reduction. The models are based on single class and multiclass queueing networks and capture important facets of a product development organization. Within the new product development process, we focus attention on the product design process. Two product design organizations, which we call Company ABC and Company XYZ, provide the real-world setting for our model-based lead time reduction. First, we present a coarse, conceptual queueing network model of Company ABC and show how rapid performance analysis can be used to explore opportunities for accelerating the design process. In particular, we show how effective input control, process control, load balancing, and cross-functional work can cut the lead times. Next, we present multiclass queueing network models for both the companies ABC and XYZ. The re-entrant line models show up certain scheduling issues pertaining to internal flows in the product design network. Using a class of fluctuation smoothing scheduling policies, we demonstrate how lead times can be reduced appreciably, without committing additional resources. The models presented are sufficiently generic and conceptual, and will be of much value in project planning and management in product design organizations and also more generally in product development organizations.
A System for Quality Improvement in Higher Education

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Effectiveness and correct procedure have come into focus at institutions of higher education. Quality becomes a strategic factor for competition and cooperation among universities. A quality-aware organization is not created spontaneously—it requires a committed, visible leadership that promotes the relevant issues. It is important to engage the staff in work on quality evaluation. Furthermore, the top management of the university should be evaluated against university objectives. The quality status of universities must be evaluated on an ongoing basis, but the evaluation perspectives needs to be changed. Interest from the superiors' point of view should focus on whether and how departments follow up their quality. A workable model for this type of assessment can be based on three (or rather four) dimensions. In the first one the rector can expect departments to report on how they are implementing measures to ensure the quality of their work. The second dimension is to investigate to what extent departments have actually applied those approaches in daily routine; this is known as deployment. The third dimension implies that each department is held accountable for the results of this application. The relevant question here is what trends or levels can be presented relative to internal goals or external benchmarks. From the results, it is necessary to go back and assess in the first dimension again. The question in this (fourth) phase is how the people responsible for the evaluation will validate the relevance of their approach and deployment.
Alterations of glial tumor cell Ca2+ metabolism and Ca2+-dependent cAMP accumulation by phorbol myristate acetate.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

C6 glial tumor cells exposed to phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) possessed lowered cAMP content, reduced ability to accumulate cAMP in response to norepinephrine or cholera toxin, and a 3-fold increase in the concentration of norepinephrine producing 50% of the maximal rate of cAMP accumulation. Detectable effects on cAMP accumulation occurred within 10 min of exposure to PMA, and prominent effects by 2 h. PMA similarly affected cells pretreated with cycloheximide. In contrast, Ca2+-depleted preparations of control and PMA-treated cells accumulated cAMP identically in response to norepinephrine or cholera toxin. Ca2+ restoration, which increased the rate of cAMP accumulation in control cells severalfold, did not enhance cAMP accumulation in PMA-treated cells. Neither high catecholamine nor high extracellular Ca2+ concentrations reversed the suppression of cAMP accumulation by PMA. Trifluoperazine, which inhibited the Ca2+-dependent component of norepinephrine-stimulated cAMP accumulation in control cells, did not significantly reduce norepinephrine-stimulated cAMP accumulation in PMA-treated cells. Cell free preparations of control and PMA-treated cultures did not differ significantly in calmodulin content or in Ca2+-stimulated adenylate cyclase, Ca2+-dependent cAMP phosphodiesterase, and (Ca2+-Mg2+)-ATPase activities. The Ca2+ content, however, of intact cells decreased with time of PMA treatment. Within minutes after exposure to PMA, the ability of Ca2+-depleted cells to take up 45Ca was significantly reduced. Both 45Ca uptake and Ca2+-dependent cAMP accumulation were reduced over the same PMA concentration range.
The diamond potential of the late cretaceous Alto Paranaiba igneous province, Brazil

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The source problem.The identification of kimberlitic minerals(pyrope, perovskite, ilmenite)-in the alluvial diamond deposits of the Alto Paranaiba region of Minas Gerais dates back to the end of last century and led to the recognition of kimberlitic rocks in the region two decades afterwards (Rimann, 1915).Such an obvious provenance link was, however, to be questioned for many decades to come, by the most influential Brazilian petrologist of that time, who dismissed the reported 'kimberlites' as mere basic alkaline rocks (Guimaraes, 1930).This long-lasting controversy was reignited in the last years with a new input of geochemical and mineralogical data and geotectonic interpretations.Supported on the work of Bizzi et al.(1994), Helmstaedt and Gurney (1994) and others, Gonzaga et al.(1994) claim that the region does not fulfill the geotectonic and geothermometric requisites to host primary diamond sources and that the region's diamond must have been transported by glacial events from remote Precambriam sources.Such
Action de la température sur la différenciation des inflorescences et des fleurs durant les phases de pré-débourrement et de post-débourrement des bourgeons latents de la vigne

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

<p style="text-align: justify;">Temperature exerts an important effect on the differentiation and development of flower organs during pre-bursting and post-bursting phases of latent buds. For MERLOT and CABERNET-SAUVIGNON varieties, the inflorescence mean number per shoot is higher at 25° C than at 12° C ; on the other hand, the flower mean number per inflorescence is lower. It follows that, in comparison with the temperature of 25° C, the flower mean number per shoot at 12° C is increased by 17,9 p. 100 for MERLOT and by 74,8 p. 100 for CABERNET-SAUVIGNON.</p>