jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
International Technology Transfer Policies

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Concerns are growing about policies and measures that restrict market access with the effect of “forcing” technology transfer. Efforts to target forced technology transfer are complicated by the sometimes blurred line between voluntary and mutually agreed upon technology transfers and that which is perceived to be, or is in fact, compelled. This study presents a discussion of the continuum of measures related to international technology transfer (ITT) and aims to identify those measures that pose the greatest concern over their potential to compel disclosure of commercially valuable and sensitive technology. It then briefly presents information on provisions in international trade and investment agreements that are relevant to ITT. The last section presents the perspective from the private sector in order to better understand how firms engage in technology transfers through research collaboration, licensing, joint ventures, and equity investments. The analysis in this report indicates that involuntary technology transfer is a complex issue, and it aims to provide a way for policy makers to think through the issues, to apply a systematic and analytical approach to assessing which policies are of the greatest concern.
The condition to set diagrams of public urban transportation and an evaluation of actual diagrams

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

近年、わが国では公共交通が見直されつつあり、公共交通のさらなる利用を求める声も高まっている。公共交通の利用を促すためには利便性の向上が不可欠であるが、運行本数の増加などの施策を直ちに実行することは難しい。そこで、運行間隔や所要時間だけでなく出発時刻の偏りといった要素まで考慮して、現状のダイヤをできるだけ改善することが重要となる。本研究では、単独もしくは複数の系統を利用できる状況に注目し、先述の要素をすべて考慮できる指標である「期待所要時間」を用いて、都市内公共交通のダイヤを分析する。そして、分析から得られた知見に基づいて実際の都市内公共交通のダイヤを改善し、改善前後の期待所要時間を比較すると同時に、期待所要時間が増加した場合はその原因を明らかにする。
Life-history variation in selfing multilocus genotypes of the land slug Deroceras laeve (Pulmonata: Agriolimacidae)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The land slug Deroceras laeve shows an enormous variation in life-history traits. Here, we compared several life-history characters (i.e. length of the prereproductive period, growth during the egg-laying period, number of eggs, hatching success) within and among five selfing homozygous multilocus genotypes (MLG) and investigated a possible trade-off between the number of eggs produced during the egg-laying period and growth during the egg-laying period. Life-history traits were highly variable. There was no significant correlation between slug size and fecundity. Slugs that matured early produced more eggs than slugs that matured later. Life-history traits were significantly different among MLGs, suggesting that genetic factors may affect and explain at least part of the variation in life-history traits in D. laeve . Finally, we found no evidence of a trade-off between the number of eggs produced during the egg-laying period and growth during the egg-laying period.
ESTIMATION OF COMBINING ABILITY AND HETEROSIS IN WHEAT

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The study used a half-diallel mating fashion to identify combining ability (GCA and SCA) and heterosis of six wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes and their 15 F1 hybrids for morpho-physiological, yield, and yield-contributing traits. The present study was carried out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The studied characters are heading days, maturity days, chlorophyll content, Plant height, Effective tillers plant-1, Total tillers plant-1, Spikes plant-1, Spike length, Filled spikelets spike-1, Unfilled spikelets spike-1, Grains spike-1, Thousand grain weight, Grain yield plant-1, Biological yield plant-1, and Harvest index Highly significant differences were observed among genotypes (parents and F1 hybrids) for all characters studied. The results also showed that the mean squares due to general (GCA) and specific (SCA) combining abilities were highly significant for all studied characters except harvest index, indicating the magnitude of both additive and non-additive gene effects in governing these traits. GCA/SCA ratios were greater than one for all characters except filled spikelets spike-1 and harvests index, indicating the dominance of additive gene effects, which play important roles in the inheritance of these characters. While the non-additive effect of the gene predominated in the inheritance of filled spikelets (spike-1) and harvests index, The parent BARI GOM-30 emerged as the best general combiner for total tillers plant-1, filled spikelets spike-1, grains spike-1, thousand-grain weight, grain yield plant-1, and harvest index. Bari Gom-28 was the best general combiner for heading days and maturity days, and Sourav was the best for effective tillers plant-1, spikes plant-1, and biological yield plant-1. The cross BARI GOM-30 SOURAV was the best specific combiner for effective tillers plant-1, total tillers plant-1, spikes plant-1, and PRODIP SOURAV for filled spikelets spike-1. Bari GOM-33 Sourav emerged as the best specific combiner for grain yield plant-1 and Prodip Ayt-5 for grain spike-1. Concerning heterotic effects in comparison to the midparent, the F1 hybrid BARI GOM-28 BARI GOM-33 showed maximum significant positive heterosis for chlorophyll content and biological yield plant-1 and BARI GOM-33 SOURAV for effective tillers plant-1, spikes plant-1, and grain yield plant-1. These parents and cross combinations could be used for the breeding program of wheat for potential yield.
Preventive and control of diseases and judgement of hygienic quality of fish and molluscs

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

U prirucniku su opisane bolesti uzgajanih riba i skoljkasa sa simptomima, klinickom slikom i dijagnostickim postupcima. Nadalje je obrađen nacin uzimanja uzoraka i slanja na dijagnosticke pretrage. Obrađena je primjena lijekova te propisane terapije za pojedine uzrocnike. Poseban je osvrt dan na profilaksu kroz provođenje higijenskih mjera i primjenu imunoprofilakse.
Epilogue: Digital Journalism

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In 2013, the late David Carr, a breathtakingly immodest chief drug confessor and solipsist from the New York Times who also acted as its principal technology booster, wrote an advice to young anglo-parlante journalists: Right now, being a reporter is a golden age. There may be a lack of business models to back it up, but having All Known Thought One Click Away—on the author desktop, tablet or phone makes it an immensely deeper, richer exercise than it used to be. Thinking about life on the other side of news, Tom Englehardt, a well-meaning critic of US imperialism says we are living in a golden age of journalism because of what he dubs 'the rise of the reader'. Englehardt is writing about technological relations and their impact on texts and societies. In addition to this new era of readers' hegemony over digital journalism, there is great excitement over such new technologies as 'drone journalism' and 'immersive journalism'.
Thyrotropin Regulation by Thyroid Hormone in Thyroid Hormone Receptor -Deficient Mice

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Thyroid hormone responsive genes can be both positively and negatively regulated by thyroid hormone. TSH is down-regulated by thyroid hormone and rises during thyroid hormone deprivation. Because both thyroid hormone receptor (TR) α and β genes are expressed in the pituitary gland, it is unclear what the relative roles of TRα and TRβ are in TSH regulation. Experiments using over expression of artificial genes have yielded conflicting results. The TRβ knock-out mouse that lacks both TRβ1 and TRβ2 isoforms provides a model to examine the role of these receptors in TSH regulation. TRβ deficient (TRβ−/−) and wild-type (TRβ+/+) mice of the same strain were deprived of thyroid hormone by feeding them a low iodine diet containing propylthiouracil and were then treated with different doses of L-T3 and L-T4. Thyroid hormone deprivation rapidly increased the serum TSH level in both TRβ+/+ and TRβ−/− mice, reaching a similar level in the absence of thyroid hormone. In contrast, the decline of serum TSH by treatment with both L-T3 and L-T4 was severely blunted in TRβ−/− mice, and full suppression was not achieved with the maximal L-T3 dose of 25 μg/day·mouse. These data indicate that TRβ is not required for the up-regulation of TSH in thyroid hormone deficiency. However, although TRα alone can mediate thyroid hormone induced TSH suppression, TRβ enhances the sensitivity of TSH down-regulation and may be essential for the complete suppression of TSH.
Acehnese People’s Information Seeking Behavior about COVID-19

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This research aims to identify types of media used by the Acehnese people in seeking information about COVID-19, and people’s perceptions and responses to the information that increases their likelihood of the risk of the pandemic. This study employs a quantitative approach, in which an online survey distributed through social media. All 324 respondents gave their consent to participate in filling out the research questionnaire. The study found that Acehnese people prefer online media and television (TV) to receive information about COVID-19, especially when people can access the information online (streaming). The finding indicates that people tend to trust information obtained through the media more than direct information (face to face) conveyed by the government. Regarding the public responses, this study found that most respondents argue the lack of government action in disseminating information about COVID-19. It is believed that this condition is likely to bring up false information (hoax) from untrustworthy information sources. This response has an impact on the level of public trust towards the government as the main source of information in handling the pandemic. Respondents claim that the local government has a slow response in providing information about people who are infected by the virus, including insufficient information on the intervention of prevention and treatment carried out to stop the spread of the virus.
Diversification, Diversity and Systemic Risk in European Banking

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The recent financial crisis has revealed the unexpected fragility of financial systems in the industrialized countries. The process of national deregulation that started in the 1980s led to an intense process of consolidation of financial institutions. Consequently, both in the United States and in Europe, the degree of concentration in banking systems increased significantly.KeywordsStock ReturnTotal AssetSystemic RiskStock PrexEuropean Central BankThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
P3‐230: CSF β‐AMYLOID AND PHOSHO‐TAU INTERACTIONS ON BRAIN STRUCTURE IN PRECLINICAL AD

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

To assess the relationships between core cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers and cortical thickness (CTh) in preclinical Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Cross-sectional study. Fifty-three cognitively preserved individuals from Hospital Sant Pau (HSP) and 131 from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) underwent structural 3T-MRI and lumbar puncture. A subgroup of ADNI under 75 years was defined (ADNI-young). CSF amyloid 1-42 (Aß1-42) and phospho-tau (p-tau181p) levels were measured by ELISA (HSP) or Luminex (ADNI) assays. Samples were dichotomized using published cut-offs (Aß+/Aß- and p-tau+/ptau-). CTh was measured by Freesurfer. CTh difference maps were derived from correlation and interaction analyses. CSF Aß1-42 levels showed a negative correlation with CTh in the 50-75 year range (HSP and ADNI-young) but not in the older group (ADNI). Stratified analyses in ADNI and ADNI-young showed the negative correlation of Aß1-42 and CTh was dependent on CSF p-tau181p. This negative correlation was found in p-tau- subjects (p<0.05 corrected) but not in p-tau+. Conversely, p-tau181p correlated negatively with CTh in Aß+, but not in Aß- in ADNI and ADNI-young. These results were confirmed in the interaction analyses. Interactions between markers determine a two-phase phenomenon of pathological cortical thickening in relation to decreasing CSF Aß1-42 followed by atrophy once the synergistic toxic effect with p-tau predominates. These interactions should be considered in clinical trials with anti-amyloid drugs, both for the use of amyloid imaging alone in the selection of patients and for the use of MRI as a surrogate marker of efficacy.
The antioxidant activity of roselle and dragon fruit peel functional drink in free radical inhibition

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract This paper investigates the antioxidant of roselle and dragon fruit peel functional drink in free radical inhibition. Roselle free radical inhibition was determined at variations in temperature and heating time of 40, 50, 60°C, and 5, 10, and 15 minutes. For dragon fruit peels 60, 80, 100°C and 5, 15, and 25 minutes. The functional drink formula consists of roselle extract and dragon fruit peel (50%: 50%), 65% sucrose. The inhibition ability of roselle extract and dragon fruit peel and functional drinks were tested using the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl) method. The experimental design was a Complete Randomized Design. All chemical analyses reported as mean. Anova and Duncan (P≤0.05) test.The results showed that the optimum free radical inhibition ability of roselle extract at 60°C for 5 minutes 80.679% and dragon fruit peel at 100°C for 25 minutes 72.588%. The functional drink formula of roselle extract and dragon fruit peel (50%: 50%) could inhibit free radicals by 65.057% with phenols content of 317.59 ppm. The functional drink formula of roselle and dragon fruit peel contains antioxidants that have the ability to inhibit free radicals, which is considered as an alternative to functional drinks that are very beneficial for body health.
Effect of Bacteria Exopolysaccharide on Milk Gel Formation

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The main objective of this study was to determine effect of exopolysaccharide (EPS) from bacteria on formation of milk gel. Milk gel was made from 10%, 15% and 20% Reconstituted Skim Milk (RSM). EPS at different concentrations (0%, 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%, 0.8% and 1.0% according to our previous study) were added to RSM, heated at 60??C for 30 minute and 85??C for 30 second and cooled to 5??C before vis- cosity and pH were examined using viscometer and pH-meter. Viscosity was dependent on the concentra- tions of skim milk, increasing as the concentration of RSM increased. Lower concentration of EPS, vis- cosity showed a slight increase, but at 0.4% EPS, viscosity of milk gel increased rapidly and continued to increase up to 1%. Microstructure was determined using scanning electron microscope to evaluated milk gel formation. Interaction between milk protein and EPS was showed as network aggregate one and another. EPS function as binding agent between one molecule of casein and another. These results indi- cated that EPS could be used to increase quality of milk gel
Panoramic visual inspection of substation based on image recognition technology

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Image recognition technology is one of the typical application 2 3scenarios of artificial intelligence in the field of power production technology. It is of great significance to carry out the research and application of image recognition technology in the intelligent patrol inspection of substations for promoting the construction of substation intelligent stations. In order to reduce the pressure of operation and maintenance of secondary panels and switch cabinets in the substation, and solve the problems of multiple procedures, long cycle, low efficiency and error-prone in leak detection, a method of intelligent detection of the status of substation panels and cabinets using image recognition technology is proposed. In practical applications, the identification and analysis of the results of the substation inspection robot and video camera can effectively improve the detection efficiency, reduce the operation and maintenance costs of power equipment, and realize paperless operation, which is of great significance to the realization of intelligent inspection of the substation.
Examining the Impact of Generic Strategies on Very Early New Ventures using Topic Modeling

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Drawing on the concept of Porter's (1985) generic strategies, our study tackles the discussion on the most successful strategies for coping with competitors of very early new ventures. We derive our empirical results based on a multi-source and multi-industry database of 994 early new ventures and their Twitter activities. We analyze ~10M tweets by applying a topic modeling approach for a more granular measurement of differentiation and positioning amongst rivalry. By adding the dimension of funding as a field of competition and analyzing the impact of a differentiation and focus strategy on both survival and funding, our research results in contradictory influences differentiation and focus have on both dependent variables. We find differentiation to influence positively the likelihood of survival. Furthermore, we find an inverted u-shape influence of differentiation on funding. We also find that focus is only relevant for acquiring funding but not for survival.
Innovation in Schools of Choice

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

School choice advocates argue that providing schools with greater autonomy should result in more innovative educational practices. Yet, current research has not examined this issue. Are schools of choice (e.g., charter, magnet, and private schools) more innovative than traditional public schools? With data from over 6,000 teachers and principals from 281 schools, we compare a variety of innovative organizational and instructional practices among charter public schools, magnet public schools, private schools and traditional public schools. Our findings reveal some innovative practices differ across school types, but further research is needed to understand how innovative practices cohere into a system of instruction and whether innovative instructional designs are related to student achievement gains. Thus, with the findings from this paper, we hope to set the stage for longitudinal analyses of the effects of choice on student achievement growth.
A Hybrid Deep Learning Model for Enhanced Customer Sentiment Analysis forE-commerce Platforms

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Customer sentiment analysis has become more important for e-commerce systems if one wants to grasp consumer opinions and increase user happiness. This work proposes a new hybrid deep learning model combining CNN, BiLSTM, and Transformer layers in order to improve the bar for E-commerce review sentiment analysis. With its self-attention mechanism, the transformer layer provides context knowledge; the convolutional neural network (CNN) layer recognises textual local features; the long short-term memory (BLSTM) layer identifies sequential dependencies. Customer evaluations sometimes include sarcasm, uncertainty, and context changes; our hybrid architecture uses the strengths of each component to control these problems. This work uses the NFT dataset available on 9nftman.com. Test on a large dataset of online purchasing reviews, the model exceeded conventional models in terms of accuracy, F1-score, and recall rates. Crucially for a full knowledge of the customer, this improved sentiment prediction indicates that the computer can detect complex emotions including mixed or neutral input. Though the hybrid model raises processing complexity, its improved prediction accuracy and context sensitivity make it ideal for large-scale sentiment analysis in dynamic E-commerce contexts. Future study on model optimisation and interpretability will concentrate on finding a balance between computational efficiency and commercial usability. Accurate and context-aware sentiment analysis provides E-commerce platforms with strong new tools for learning about consumer experiences and making educated strategic decisions based on the proposed paradigm taken whole.
Determination By HPLC In Pills Cinnarizine Cinnarizine Content

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Objective The purpose of using HPLC Determination of Cinnarizine Cinnarizine pills content.Methods Ways to C18 as the stationary phase,methanol -0.2%Triethanolamine(to use hydrochloric acid to pH6.6)(80:20) as mobile phase,detection wavelength was 254 nm.Result The average recovery was 100.3%,RSD was 0.4%.Conclusion The method is reproducible,accurate and reliable results.
Cloning of MRF4 Gene CDS and Its mRNA Expression in Heart Tissues During Duck Embyronic Development

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Liu, H., Wang, J., Han, C, Jia, J., Si, J., Huang, K. and Li, L. 2010. Cloning of MRF4 gene CDS and its mRNA expression in heart tissues during duck embyronic development. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 37: 185–189. In order to investigate the effect of MRF4 in heart muscle, complete coding region of duck MRF4 gene was cloned. It consisted of 723 nucleotides and codes for 240 AA, including a bHLH domain. Relative mRNA developmental expression of MRF4 in heart tissues at different embryo stages and newborn birds (lw) was investigated. Duck MRF4 mRNA was expressed in each stage and the expression level of the day 18th stage was higher than that of other stages (P<0.05). It was concluded that MRF4 may be significant to the heart development regulation either through its bHLH domain directly or mediated by MEF2 gene family indirectly. Keywords: MRF4expressionheart tissuesfetal development
INTERACTION OF FLUORIDE IONS WITH MILK PROTEINS STUDIED BY GEL FILTRATION

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

SUMMARY: The interaction of fluoride ions with the bovine milk protein a-lactalbumin, type 1 a-casein, (3-casein, and K-casein was studied at pH 6.6, 5.5 and 3.9. At pH 6.6 and 5.5 fluoride ions do not combine with any of these protein. However, at pH 3.9 they combine with a-lactalbumin.
Trade-Offs Between Entanglement and Communication

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We study the advantages of quantum communication models over classical communication models that are equipped with a limited number of qubits of entanglement. In this direction, we give explicit partial functions on $n$ bits for which reducing the entanglement increases the classical communication complexity exponentially. Our separations are as follows. For every $k\ge 1$: $Q\|^*$ versus $R2^*$: We show that quantum simultaneous protocols with $\tildeΘ(k^5 \log^3 n)$ qubits of entanglement can exponentially outperform two-way randomized protocols with $O(k)$ qubits of entanglement. This resolves an open problem from [Gav08] and improves the state-of-the-art separations between quantum simultaneous protocols with entanglement and two-way randomized protocols without entanglement [Gav19, GRT22]. $R\|^*$ versus $Q\|^*$: We show that classical simultaneous protocols with $\tildeΘ(k \log n)$ qubits of entanglement can exponentially outperform quantum simultaneous protocols with $O(k)$ qubits of entanglement, resolving an open question from [GKRW06, Gav19]. The best result prior to our work was a relational separation against protocols without entanglement [GKRW06]. $R\|^*$ versus $R1^*$: We show that classical simultaneous protocols with $\tildeΘ(k\log n)$ qubits of entanglement can exponentially outperform randomized one-way protocols with $O(k)$ qubits of entanglement. Prior to our work, only a relational separation was known [Gav08]. Our techniques can also be used to show advantages of quantum communication models over hybrid classical-quantum models, i.e., models that have a large amount of both classical communication and quantum simultaneous communication.