jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Soil organic carbon maps and associated uncertainty at 90 m for peninsular Spain

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract. Human activities have significantly disrupted the global carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric CO2 levels and altering ecosystems' carbon absorption capacities, with soils serving as the largest carbon reservoirs in terrestrial ecosystems. The complexity and variability of soil properties, shaped by long-term transformations, make it crucial to study these properties at various spatial and temporal scales to develop effective climate change mitigation strategies. However, integrating disparate soil databases presents challenges due to the lack of standardized protocols, necessitating collaborative efforts to standardize data collection and processing to improve the reliability of Soil Organic Carbon (SOC) estimates. This issue is particularly relevant in peninsular Spain, where variations in sampling protocols and calculation methods have resulted in significant discrepancies in SOC concentration and stock estimates. This study aimed to improve the understanding of SOC storage and distribution in peninsular Spain by focusing on two specific goals: integrating and standardizing existing soil profile databases, and modeling SOC concentrations (SOCc) and stocks (SOCs) at different depths using an ensemble machine-learning approach. The research produced four high-resolution SOC maps for peninsular Spain, detailing SOCc and SOCs at depths of 0–30 cm, 30–100 cm and the effective soil depth, along with associated uncertainties. These maps provide valuable data for national soil carbon management and contribute to compiling Spain's National Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventory Report. Additionally, the findings support global initiatives like the Global Soil Organic Carbon Map, aligning with international efforts to improve soil carbon assessments. The soil organic carbon concentration (g/kg) maps for the 0–30 cm and 30–100 cm standard depths, along with the soil organic carbon stock (tC/ha) maps for the 0–30 cm standard depth and the effective soil depth, including their associated uncertainties, —all at a 90-meter pixel resolution— (SOCM90) are freely available at https://doi.org/10.6073/pasta/48edac6904eb1aff4c1223d970c050b4 (Durante et al., 2024).
Wavelength-switchable erbium-doped fiber ring laser employing chirped Moiré fiber grating and tunable Sagnac loop interferometer filter

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A simple, cost-effective and switchable five-wavelength fiber ring laser based on a chirped moiré fiber grating (CMFG) and a wavelength-tunable Sagnac loop interferometer (FSI) filter is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. To serve as wavelength selective element, the CMFG possesses excellent comb-like filtering characteristics including stable wavelength interval and ultra-narrow passband, and its fabrication method is easy and flexible. The usage of the FSI filter helps remove the high-cost optical circulator and improve the output performance of optical signal-to-noise ratio from 50dB to 70dB. With this laser configuration, the output power fluctuation of each wavelength is less than 0.5 dB within a one-hour period, and the output power of different channels is almost identical (difference less than 1dB) within the tunable range.
Circulating Biomarker Panels for Targeted Therapy in Brain Tumors

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

An important goal of oncology is the development of cancer risk-identifier biomarkers that aid early detection and target therapy. High-throughput profiling represents a major concern for cancer research, including brain tumors. A promising approach for efficacious monitoring of disease progression and therapy could be circulating biomarker panels using molecular proteomic patterns. Tailoring treatment by targeting specific protein-protein interactions and signaling networks, microRNA and cancer stem cell signaling in accordance with tumor phenotype or patient clustering based on biomarker panels represents the future of personalized medicine for brain tumors. Gathering current data regarding biomarker candidates, we address the major challenges surrounding the biomarker field of this devastating tumor type, exploring potential perspectives for the development of more effective predictive biomarker panels.
Artificial Intelligence in Strategizing: Prospects and Challenges

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Abstract Recent developments in the theory and research on artificial intelligence (AI) hold great promises as well as challenges for the strategist’s core activities and conduct of strategic processes. These promises and challenges require the strategy field to both reevaluate some of the principal assumptions and implications of strategizing. This chapter takes stock of research on AI applied to strategizing and illustrates what we believe are key questions for future research on the strategy-AI nexus. The chapter discusses the potential of AI in two stages in the strategy process: strategic analysis and formulation, as well as strategy implementation. The aim of this chapter is to engage strategy scholars in advancing AI-related research on strategizing.
Investigation of Mechanical Strength and Weight Fraction of Date Palm Fibre Hybrid Composites Reinforced with Polyethylene

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Polyethylene, elastomer, and date palm fibre are all readily available, it have an positive impact on growth of new composite materials with desirable features and characteristics. There are many different types of composites, but they all have the same goal: to create a new material with greater qualities than the constituent materials. Date palm fibre was employed to reinforce a composite matrix made of polyethylene (PE) plastic and elastomer. To find out the tensile, impact, and bending strength values of composites by weight fractions of 25% (75:25), 35% (65:35), and 45% (55:45), this research set out to find (55:45). Composites with a weight percentage of 25% (75:25) had less Tensile strength (TS) 1.213 MPa, though mixtures with weightage proportion of 45% (55:45) had the maximum TS of 2.613 MPa. The minimum tensile strain value was discovered in composites with a weight fraction of 25% (75:25), while the maximum tensile strain value was identified in composites with weight fraction of 45 percent (0.0067). (55:45). 45 % (45-55) weight ratio mixture had the minimum impact strength of 45321 kJ/mm 2 , while the 25 percent (75-25) weight ratio mixture had the maximum impact strength of 17721.41 kJ/mm 2 . A 25 percent weight fraction (75:25) composite had the lowest bending strength measurement result (1.816 MPa), whereas a 35 percent weight fraction (65:35) composite had the highest measurement result (4.9 MPA) in this category. At 75:25 (75:25), the bending strain of the composite was at its highest, with a value of 0.0216
Race-Specific Patterns of Treatment Intensification Among Hypertensive Patients Using Home Blood Pressure Monitoring: Analysis Using Defined Daily Doses in the Heart Healthy Lenoir Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Racial disparities in blood pressure (BP) control persist, but whether differences by race in antihypertensive medication intensification (AMI) contribute is unknown. Objective: To compare AMI by race for patients with elevated home BP readings. Methods: This prospective cohort study followed adult patients from 6 rural primary care practices who used home BP monitoring (HBPM) and recorded/reported values. For providers, AMI was encouraged when mean HBPM systolic blood pressure (SBP) values were ⩾135 mm Hg; patients received phone-based coaching on HBPM technique and sharing HBPM findings. AMI was assessed between baseline and 12 months using defined daily dose (DDD) and summed to create a total antihypertensive DDD value. Results: A total of 217 patients (mean age = 61.4 ± 10.2 years; 66% female; 57% black) provided usable HBPM data. Among 90 (41%) intensification-eligible hypertensive patients (ie, mean HBPM SBP values for 6-months ⩾135 mm Hg), mean total antihypertensive DDD was increased in 61% at 12 months. Blacks had significantly higher mean DDD at baseline and 12 months, but intensification (+0.72 vs +0.65; P = 0.83) was similar by race. However, intensification was greater in males than females (+1.1 vs +0.39; P = 0.031). Reduction in mean SBP following intensification was greater in white versus black patients (−8.2 vs −3.9 mm Hg; P = 0.14). Conclusion/Relevance: Treatment intensification in HBPM users was similar by race, differed significantly by gender, and may produce a greater response in white patients. Differential AMI in HBPM users does not appear to contribute to persistent racial disparities in BP control.
THE TABOO OF PRECEDING SISTER IN MARRY: A MINANGKABAU SOCIO CULTURE ANALYSIS

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Ideally in the family, the order of marriage starts from the eldest child. Then followed by the second child, the third child and so on. But the reality is different. There are many cases that the youngest child preceded the older brother or sister in marry. In many areas, stepping over older siblings in marriage is commonplace. It doesn't matter whether the one who gets married is a man or woman. However, in Tabu Baraie Nagari Paninjauan Tanah Datar, stepping over an older siblings in marriage is taboo, in particular an older sister. It is forbidden for a sister or brother to step over her/his older sister in marriage. Generally, the older sister who is stepped on by her sister's marriage, her life is single. The aims of this study was to determine the origin of the taboo to step over the marriage of older sisters in a sociological study.Keywords: marriage, stepping over the marriage, older sister.
Oregon's Doctor to the World: Esther Pohl Lovejoy and a Life in Activism

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Oregon's Doctor to the World is a biography of Esther Clayson Pohl Lovejoy (1869–1967), an extraordinary woman—physician, public health activist, suffragist, congressional candidate, author of a least three books, and pioneer in early efforts to organize international medical relief work. Her story is one of almost a century of women's public activism. Born in a lumber camp in Washington Territory, the daughter of working-class immigrants, she received almost no formal education. Despite this, she went on to medical school, paying her way by working in department stores. She became the second woman to graduate from the University of Oregon's medical school in 1894. An activist doctor, she went with her first husband to provide medical care during a spinal meningitis epidemic in Alaska in the late 1890s. A decade later as a member of the Portland Board of Health she battled the 1907 bubonic plague epidemic and fought for pure food and milk. Tragedy also shaped her progressive and feminist consciousness—she lost a husband during the Alaska spinal meningitis epidemic, and her only son from drinking tainted milk. She led the Portland Women's Suffrage League and worked for the ballot measure that gave Oregon women the vote in 1912. The outbreak of World War I took Lovejoy out of Oregon politics and into the world of women's international medicine. The last forty years of her life she traveled extensively, building support and speaking at national and international conferences.
Student perceptions of remote learning transitions in engineering disciplines during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-national study

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study captures student perceptions of the effectiveness of remote learning and assessment in two associated engineering disciplines, mechanical and industrial, during the COVID-19 pandemic in a cross-national study. A structured questionnaire with 24 items on a 5-point Likert scale was used. Parallel and exploratory factor analyses identified three primary subscales. The links between student perceptions and assessment outcomes were also studied. There was a clear preference for face-to-face teaching, with the highest for laboratories. Remote live lectures were preferred over recorded. Although students found the switch to remote learning helpful, group work and communication were highlighted as concern areas. Mean scores on subscales indicate a low preference for remote learning (2.23), modest delivery effectiveness (3.05) and effective digital delivery tools (3.61). Gender effects were found significant on all subscales, along with significant interactions with university and year-group. Preference for remote delivery of design-based modules was significantly higher than others.
Westamerica Bancorporation

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Abstract Commercial Banking (MIC: 8.1 SIC: 6021 NAIC: 522110) Westameriea Bancorporation is a bank holding company. Co. provides a range of banking services to individual and corporate customers in Northern and Central California through its subsidiary bank, Westameriea Bank. The principal communities served are located in Northern and Central California, from Mendocino, Lake and Nevada Counties in the North to Kern County in the South. In addition, Co. owned 100.0% of the capital stock of Community Banker Services Corporation at Dec 31 2007, a company engaged in providing Co. and its subsidiaries data processing services and other support functions. As of Dec 31 2007, Co. had total assets of $4.56 billion and total deposits of $3.26 billion.
Mobile Context-Aware Systems: Technologies, Resources and Applications

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Mobile applications often adapt their behavior according to user context, however, they are often limited to consider few sources of contextual information, such as user position or language. This article reviews existing work in context-aware systems (CAS), e.g., how to model context, and discusses further development of CAS and its potential applications by looking at available information, methods and technologies. Social Media seems to be an interesting source of personal information when appropriately exploited. In addition, there are many types of general information, ranging from weather and public transport to information of books and museums. These information sources can be combined in previously unexplored ways, enabling the development of smarter mobile services in different domains. Users are, however, reluctant to provide their personal information to applications; therefore, there is a crave for new regulations and systems that allow applications to use such contextual data without compromising the user privacy.
Acoustic attenuation in surface-based ducts

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Attenuation of underwater sound propagated in surface-based ducts has heretofore been analyzed for a bottomless underlying ocean into which “leaked” energy vanishes—an artificial assumption, and one untenable in shallow waters. An alternative concept is proposed. Sound originally in the duct is transferred by intermodal resonances into the underlying ocean, where the acoustic energy dissipates before the return half of resonances can occur. Resonance periods are describable in terms of horizontal range r traversed in those periods. Starting at r = 0, with normal modes representing the sound as confined in the duct, each intermodal resonance is traced out to the range r of maximum transfer, and is terminated there. The ducted sound field remaining at any r is the sum of mode parts that have not yet attained half-resonance periods. A simplified model has pressure-release surface and bottom, no explicit dissipation, and three isothermal layers—a barrier of higher sound speed between the duct and an identical underlying ocean. Analytical results are encouraging. Notably, at short ranges the average ducted intensity falls off as r−2, changing at greater ranges toward r−1 behavior, thereby approximating measurements and previous theoretical calculations.
Successful Management of Three Consecutive Cervical Pregnancy in the Same Patient- a Case Report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Ectopic cervical pregnancy is an infrequent complication of the early gestation. Despite tremendous development in the management of ectopic pregnancy, there still lies dilemma in the diagnosis and management of cervical ectopic pregnancy. Traditionally dilation and evacuation has been used in the successful management of these kind of ectopic gestation. In this case report we describe an uncommon case of recurrent ectopic pregnancy and subsequent management.
Religiusitas dan Rasionalisme Empirisme Immanuel Kant dalam Berteologi

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This research examines the relationship between religiosity and empiricist rationalism in the context of Immanuel Kant's theological thought. By applying literature analysis methods, this research explores how Kant integrated rationalism and empiricism to form a new approach to theology that not only appreciates the role of reason in understanding religion, but also recognizes the importance of empirical experience. This research shows that Kant offers a framework in which religious beliefs can be analyzed and understood through the lens of rationality without ignoring the value of subjective and sensory experience. In this way, Kant succeeded in creating a bridge between two worlds that are often considered opposites: religious belief and rational-empirical understanding. Truth is still truth, it cannot be denied through thought and empiricism in rationalism. This paper describes qualitatively the thoughts of Immanuel Kant which are linked to the concepts of religiosity and empiricist rationalism in theology. AbstrakPenelitian ini mengkaji hubungan antara religiusitas dan rasionalisme empirisme dalam konteks pemikiran teologis Immanuel Kant. Dengan menerapkan metode analisis literatur, penelitian ini mengeksplorasi bagaimana Kant mengintegrasikan rasionalisme dan empirisme untuk membentuk sebuah pendekatan baru dalam berteologi yang tidak hanya menghargai peran akal budi dalam memahami keagamaan, tetapi juga mengakui pentingnya pengalaman empiris. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Kant menawarkan sebuah kerangka kerja di mana keyakinan keagamaan dapat dianalisis dan dipahami melalui lensa rasionalitas tanpa mengesampingkan nilai pengalaman subjektif dan indrawi. Dengan demikian, Kant berhasil menciptakan sebuah jembatan antara dua dunia yang sering dianggap berseberangan: kepercayaan religius dan pemahaman rasional-empiris. Kebenaran adalah tetap kebenaran, tidak dapat disangkal melalui pemikiran dan empirisme dalam rasionalisme. Tulisan ini mendeskripsikan secara kualitatif tentang pemikiran Immanuel Kant yang dikaitkan dalam konsep religiusitas dan rasionalisme empirisme dalam berteologi.
The blood-testis barrier: a morphologic or physiologic phenomenon?

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Blood urea is concentrated in rat seminiferous tubule fluid. Data are presented that provide strong evidence that this urea movement is dependent on active sodium transport. In contrast, in the hamster blood urea is excluded partially from the seminiferous tubule. This may be caused by transport of urea from the lumen to the blood rather than secondary to the morphologic blood, testis barrier at the Sertoli to Sertoli cell tight junctions.
PEMANFAATAN TEPUNG UMBI MINOR SEBAGAI ALTERNATIF STABILIZER ALAMI UNTUK MENINGKATKAN MUTU FISIK DAN INDERAWI ES KRIM BUAH NAGA (Hylocereus polyrhizus sp.)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The study aimed to analyze the effect of using some local tuber flour as alternative stabilizer on dragon fruit ice cream through physical and sensory quality. Tuber local utilizing was lombos (porang), meanwhile uwi, talas belitung, and CMC as a control. The research was conducted in three stages: 1) making of flours: lombos, porang, and talas belitung 2) making dragon fruit ice cream in addition of natural stabilizer of lombos flour, porang flour and talas belitung flour under various concentration levels at 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5% w / v and 3) determining of the best treatment from each natural stabilizer. The result showed that was red dragon fruit ice cream with 0.5% porang flour as stabilizer had similar effect to CMC as an ice cream stabilizer. The porang 0,5% treatment was overrun, 87,41% emulsion stability, melting time 95,45 minutes / 100 gram, 54,5 dPa.s viscosity, and 3.95 hedonic score (mildly like to like), 4.33 (like) hedonic texture and 4,53 (mildly gentle to soft) texture with scoring test.Keywords: ice cream, tuber, stabilizerABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa pengaruh dari penggunaan beberapa tepung umbi lokal sebagai alternatif stabilizer pada es krim buah naga terhadap sifat fisik dan sensori. Umbi lokal yang digunakan adalah umbi lombos (porang), umbi uwi dan umbi talas belitung serta CMC sebagai kontrol. Penelitian dilakukan dalam tiga tahap yaitu 1) pembuatan tepung talas belitung, pembuatan tepung umbi porang, pembuatan tepung umbi uwi, 2) pembuatan es krim buah naga dengan penambahan stabilizer alami berupa tepung umbi talas belitung, tepung umbi porang, tepung uwi pada berbagai tingkat konsentrasi yaitu 0.1, 0.3 dan 0.5 %b/v dan 3) penentuan perlakuan terbaik dari masing-masing penggunaan penstabil alami. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa es krim buah naga merah yaitu jenis penstabil porang dengan konsentrasi 0,5% dan mampu menyamai CMC sebagai penstabil es krim. Pada perlakuan porang 0,5% diperoleh overrun 68,50%, stabilitas emulsi 87,41 %, waktu leleh 97.7 menit/100 gram, viskositas 54.5 dPa s, skor hedonik rasa 3,95 (agak suka mengarah ke suka), hedonik tekstur 4,33 (suka), skoring tekstur 4,53 (agak lembut mengarah ke lembut).Kata kunci: es krim, umbi, stabilizer
Characterization and functional properties of new everbearing strawberry (Fragaria x ananasa Duch.) cultivar, ‘Summertiara’ berries

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Background: In recent years, a new everbearing strawberry cultivar, ‘Summertiara’ was cultivated to supply the strawberries in pre-harvest season from July to October in Japan. For highly research and development of processing of this cultivar, ‘Summertiara’ berries, the objective of this study was to characterize these berries, with relation to chemical parameters, total phenols, total flavonoids, total vitamin C, and total anthocyanins, and was to investigate the solubility and the stability of anthocyanins from the berries. Moreover, the functional properties such as antioxidative activity, active oxygen species scavenging activity, and antihypertensive activity were also evaluated.Methods: Chemical analysis, colour measurement, and sensory evaluation of new everbearing strawberry cultivar, ‘Summertiara’ berries were performed. Next, the solubility of anthocyanins from the berries and stability of these against pH, temperature, and an incandescent lighting were investigated. Moreover, functional properties of the extracts prepared from berries were elucidated using 5 different methods.Results: The contents of water, proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and ash were the same as those of other cultivar berries. The sugar-acid ratio in the berries was low; these were acidulous. By sensory evaluation, the main factors were vivid red colour, aroma, and acidity. The berries were rich in phenols, flavonoids, vitamin C, and anthocyanins. The anthocyanins of the berries became unstable by heat treatment and light exposures such as visible rays. On the other hand, the extracts prepared from the berries showed the functionalities such as antioxidant activity, active oxygen species scavenging activities, and antihypertensive activity. Conclusions: The strawberry cultivar, ‘Summertiara’ berries were the most suitable for processing ingredient of strawberry-derived products with superior health promoting functionalities.Keywords: Summertiara, everbearing strawberry cultivar, characterization, sensory evaluation, color and storage, functional property