jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor‐induced reduction in the mean arterial pressure improved renal composite outcomes in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with chronic kidney disease: A propensity score‐matched model analysis in Japan

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Aims/Introduction Large‐scale clinical trials have reported that, in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor treatment affords favorable renal outcomes; the underlying mechanisms, however, remain unclear. Thus, this study investigated how SGLT2 inhibitor‐induced changes in the mean arterial pressure (MAP; denoted as ΔMAP) are associated with renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Materials and Methods We retrospectively assessed the data of 624 Japanese type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with CKD who had been using SGLT2 inhibitors for >1 year. For propensity score matching (1:1 nearest neighbor match, with caliper value = 0.053, no replacement), patients were categorized into two groups based on the ΔMAP (>−4 mmHg [ n = 329] and ≤−4.0 mmHg [ n = 295]). Composite albuminuria progression or a ≥15% annual reduction in the estimated glomerular filtration rate was regarded as the end‐point. Results Per group, 173 propensity‐matched patients were compared. Patients with ΔMAP ≤−4 mmHg had a significantly lower incidence of composite renal outcomes than those with ΔMAP ≥−4 mmHg (5.8% [ n = 10] vs 15.6% [ n = 27], P = 0.003). Although the between‐group differences in the estimated glomerular filtration rates were non‐significant, patients with a ΔMAP ≤−4 mmHg had significantly larger reductions in the logarithmic urine albumin‐to‐creatinine ratio ( P = 0.005). Conclusions The degree of blood pressure reduction after SGLT2 inhibitor treatment influenced renal composite outcomes in Japanese type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with CKD, confirming the importance of blood pressure management in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with CKD, even when they are under SGLT2 inhibitor treatment.
Antibiotic prescribing patterns for sore throat infections in a university-based primary care clinic.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND : Recent studies reveal that a high percentage (over 50%) of episodes for upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) are treated with antibiotics, regardless of appropriateness or the necessity for prescription. We identified antibiotic prescriptions in a primary health care centre (PHC) and evaluated their suitability for sore throat infections. We also explored whether symptoms, signs, diagnosis and antibiotics prescribed differed by gender. PATIENTS AND METHODS : We collected data on all patients visiting the centre over a period of 12 weeks with a main complaint of sore throat who were prescribed antibiotics after taking a blood count and throat culture. Patients older than 16 years of age were included in the study irrespective of sex, nationality, marital status, occupation or location of residence. The chi square (χ2 ) statistical test was used in comparing categorical variables. A P value of < 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS : During the period of study, 579 patients with URTIs presented to the health centre, from which 339 patients with a sore throat were enrolled. Of the study group, 48.7% (165) were male and 51.3% (174) female, with the majority of patients being under 30 years old (54.3%). Throat cultures were positive in 56 patients (16.5%). Most of patients were diagnosed as having pharyngitis (22.7%), and the most frequently prescribed medicine was an oral penicillin (39.1%). Two hundred eight-six patients (84.4%) had 2 or fewer Centor criteria. CONCLUSIONS : Throat cultures were positive in only 16.5% of the patients prescribed antibiotics. This indicates that physicians in the health centre of the university are prescribing antibiotics inappropriately and inconsistently. This also highlights the need for more prescriber education, especially as the range of medications available to the general practitioner for prescribing increases.
Best Practices of Library and Information Centre: A Case Study of B.S Abdur Rahman University, Chennai

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The article stress the importance of libraries in the academic system and what are the innovative services are being implemented in the parent institution to utilize the collections more effectively and efficiently. University Grants Commission (UGC) is giving much importance to the library and information centres and draft line has been framed through National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC) for the best practices to be followed in the libraries, which enhance the library users to explore more for their research and academic need.
Skinny white bitches: Female sexual agency in contemporary advertising

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

ABSTRACT\n\nThis is a story about female representations in contemporary advertising. Following up on Rosalind Gill’s (2003; 2007; 2008) critical discussions on the shift in contemporary advertising from the sexual object to the sexual subject, this endeavour is about examining female sexual agency through updated versions of the midriff by including feminist consumer responses. The aim is to add to the existing literature as well as to expand our current understanding of the notion female sexual agency, and the perspective that has been employed is based on a Poststructuralist Feminist framework. This perspective draws on the ideas of discourse, language and subjectivity in order to understand the power structures that dominate and hinder women in order to pinpoint different prospects and strategies for changing the status quo. \nThe empirical material, consisting of 20 interviews with a total of 38 women divided into 9 focus groups and 11 individual interviews, was analysed using a discourse analysis as put forth by Carla Willig (2013). The critical questions were: how do feminist consumers understand and discuss female sexual agency portrayed in contemporary adverts? Do they experience the midriff as having any agency, power, choice and/or other such notions that are enfolded within the female sexual agency discourse? And lastly, what are the discourses that may be derived from the consumers’ interpretations? \nThe analysis was divided into four chapters that all focus on one specific theme which arose during the interviews; Normativity, Freedom & Choice, Gaze and Claiming Space, all of which deal with different notions surrounding female sexual agency in ads. In short, the answers to the research questions are that feminist consumers interpret and understand female sexual agency portrayed in contemporary adverts by considering the normativity, the perceived freedom and choice, the gaze of the model as well as the ability to claim space within the image. The midriff figure, her agency and power, is then based on these four themes and how each viewer interprets their existence in any given image. When it comes to the wider discourses, the participants drew from various feminist discourses including notions of empowerment, postfeminism and second and third wave feminism, as well as from fairy tale discourses, and masculine discourses of violence and physical strength; exposing that power is still viewed as gendered.\nLastly, a model called the Female Sexual Agency Spiral, was developed based on the results, which, in a poststructuralist spirit, showcases that meanings are perpetually shifting and never static, that there always exists both ambiguity and tension, that dichotomies such as feminine vs. masculine need to be re-thought, and that there indeed is no general truth regarding female sexual agency. \n\nKeywords: Female sexual agency, Advertising, Feminist theory, Empowerment, Midriff, Sexual Subjectification, Normativity, Claiming space, Male gaze, Discourse
Bed planting system for increasing water-use effeciency of wheat (Triticum aestivum) grown on inceptisol(Typic Ustochrept)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A field experiment was conducted on sandy-loam soil at New Delhi during 1999-2000 to 2001-2002, to study the effect of bed planting system in increasing water-use efficiency of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. emend. Fiori & Paol.). In comparison to conventional system, significantly lower bulk density, lower penetration resistance of upper 0-20 cm soil and high infiltration rate on bed created better soil physical environment, which resulted in 30% higher root length density in 0-25 cm soil layer. Similarly, water applied at first, second and third irrigation reduced by 30, 20 and 5%, respectively, under bed planted system compared to conventional system. Crop water stress index measured at different crop-growth stages also showed that crop experienced same level of stress in bed and conventional system, although lesser water was applied in the bed system. Manual weeding for weed control was found more effective in bed planting treatment than in conventional, as evident from the significantly lower weed population/m 2 in the former. Average of 3-year data showed that total water use by the crop was reduced nearly by 5 cm, whereas yield and water-use efficiency increased by 0.22 tonne/ ha and 0.03 tonne/ha-cm, respectively, under treatment with 3 rows of wheat per bed compared to conventional planting.
Resisting Perspectivalism about Law: The Scope of Jurisprudential Disagreement

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Even though the acknowledgment of the possibility of disagreement about the grounds of legal facts tends to acquire the shell of a mainstream view, the available regimentations of grounding disagreements in law limit their scope to two mutually exclusive jurisprudential variants. Ronald Dworkin’s original conception of theoretical disagreement as being about the responsibilities of government vis-à-vis its citizens is distinctly evaluative thereby excluding legal positivists from meaningful participation. An alternative descriptive variant has been recently defended by Scott Shapiro which replicates, nonetheless, the same exclusive function. The paper addresses this problem by locating its roots in the positivist elaboration of the idea that legal statements are inherently perspectival. After critically rejecting the perspectival model it proposes an alternative regimentation of legal statements as carrying metaphysical information about the constitution of legal content and explains how this non-perspectival model makes grounding disagreements in law maximally inclusive and meaningful.
Provocation and Prevention of Potassium Deficiency by Various Ions.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

When rats are kept on a “Low Potassium Diet ”that contains only near minimal maintenance levels of Mg, there develop cardiac necroses which can be prevented both by KCl and by MgCl2 administration. On the other hand, Na2HPO4 (unlike equivalent amounts of NaCl) rapidly provokes development of severe cardiac necroses, nephrocalcinosis and muscular cramps before this diet, in itself, produces any obvious morbid changes. The particularly severe K and/or Mg-deficiency syndrome induced by Na2 HPO4- supplements, in animals on this diet, can be prevented by either KCl or MgCl2. These observations highlight the importance of PO4- and Mg-ions in the development of the syndrome usually ascribed to K-deficiency.
INFECTIOUS MYXOMA OF RABBITS*

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Journal Article INFECTIOUS MYXOMA OF RABBITS Get access ROSCOE R. HYDE, ROSCOE R. HYDE Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar RAYMOND E. GARDNER RAYMOND E. GARDNER Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar American Journal of Epidemiology, Volume 17, Issue 2, March 1933, Pages 446–465, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a117918 Published: 01 March 1933 Article history Received: 20 June 1932 Published: 01 March 1933
A RESEARCH ON AUDITORY INFORMATION PROCESSING IN THE BRAIN WHEN A PERSON IS AT HIS TASK BY MEANS OF MEASUREMENT AND ANALYSIS OF AUDITORY EVOKED POTENTIAL

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Auditory information processing in the brain that goes on when a person is at his task is investigated by means of measurement and analysis of Auditory Evoked Potential. Results of two experiments showed that auditory information processing was affected by the priority of processing in the brain. Less quantity of auditory information processing to the sound of 50 dBA or below seems to occur when task-related processing is prior in the brain, and that full auditory information processing to the sound of 70 dBA or more seems to occur even if a person pays little attention to it.
B-003 CARDIOVASCULAR RISK STRATIFICATION BY ANKLEBRACHIAL INDEX AND BRACHIAL ANKLE PULSE WAVE VELOCITY IN END-STAGE RENAL DISEASE-SENDAI HEMODIALYSIS COHORT STUDY

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background The aim of this study was to examine if prognosis of patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) can be stratified by the combined use of ankle brachial index (ABI) and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (PWV). Method Sendai hemodialysis Cohort Study started at 2003 with a participation of 2 dialysis clinics. There were about 120 ESRD patients maintained on chronic hemodialysis in those clinics. After baseline measurement of ABI, baPWV and other routine parameters, fetal and non-fetal CV events have been examined every 3 months. Results In total, 318 ESRD patients (mean age 63 ± 14yrs, 67% men) were studied. During mean follow up of 31 months, 98 CV events were reported. The CV event rates were compared among the 4 quartiles of ABI (Q1;≥1.23, Q2;1.23–1.17, Q3;1.16–1.04, Q4;≤1.03). The Q4 group showed a lower 8 year event free rate compared with other 3 groups (log-rank test, p < 0.0001). Then, 259 patients whose ABI values were over 1.03 were divided into 2 groups according to median value of the baPWV, i.e. 1750 cm/sec. The higher baPWV group showed a significantly higher HR (1.98; 95% CI:1.12–3.58). Conclusion The prognosis of ESRD patients can be stratified by the combined use of ABI value of 1.03 and baPWV value of 1750 cm/sec.
Ejection of fast recoils under ion bombardment of crystals

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Ejection of surface recoils produced by Cu crystal irradiation with 1–40 keV Ar ions has been studied using computer simulation in terms of the atomic chain model. The case where a parallel ion beam bombards a nonvibrating chain at 25° to the chain axis is considered here as example. Only high energy (> 0.2 keV) backsputtered and also backscattered particles are analyzed. It has been found that the main contribution to the flux of backsputtered particles is from the primary and secondary knock-on atoms. The atoms may be ejected in a given direction by various ways whose number is a function of the initial ion energy and ejection angle. The angular and energy distributions of these atoms are pronouncedly anisotropic due, in particular, to the shadowing and focusing effects in scattering of ions and recoils by the chain atoms. The possibility for the particles to be doubly focussed is noted. The results obtained in terms of the two- atomic model are also considered here.
Generative Adversarial Network Combined with SE-ResNet and Dilated Inception Block for Segmenting Retinal Vessels

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This study develops an accurate method based on the generative adversarial network (GAN) that targets the issue of the current discontinuity of micro vessel segmentation in the retinal segmentation images. The processing of images has become increasingly efficient since the advent of deep learning method. We have proposed an improved GAN combined with SE-ResNet and dilated inception block for the segmenting retinal vessels (SAD-GAN). The GAN model has been improved with respect to the following points. (1) In the generator, the original convolution block is replaced with SE-ResNet module. Furthermore, SE-Net can extract the global channel information, while concomitantly strengthening and weakening the key features and invalid features, respectively. The residual structure can alleviate the issue of gradient disappearance. (2) The inception block and dilated convolution are introduced into the discriminator, which enhance the transmission of features and expand the acceptance domain for improved extraction of the deep network features. (3) We have included the attention mechanism in the discriminator for combining the local features with the corresponding global dependencies, and for highlighting the interdependent channel mapping. SAD-GAN performs satisfactorily on public retina datasets. On DRIVE dataset, ROC_AUC and PR_AUC reach 0.9813 and 0.8928, respectively. On CHASE_DB1 dataset, ROC_AUC and PR_AUC reach 0.9839 and 0.9002, respectively. Experimental results demonstrate that the generative adversarial model, combined with deep convolutional neural network, enhances the segmentation accuracy of the retinal vessels far above that of certain state-of-the-art methods.
Motorists ’ Attitudes to Using ATIS at Highway-Rail Intersections

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Highway-Rail Intersections (HRIs) confront urban areas with several safety and congestion problems. The Fargo-Moorhead area for instance, is divided by a major rail line which experiences approximately 70 trains a day. Delays at HRIs of up to 10 minutes can cause traffic problems for many people who either utilize services or work in the downtown area. In addition, the blockage of a rail crossing when a train is present may hinder the effective movement of emergency vehicles. High-cost solutions to separate rail lines from surface roads are infeasible in many areas. However, ITS can offer cost-effective solutions by redirecting traffic away from blocked HRIs. The system would detect a train and estimate approximate delays at affected HRIs. Real-time information may be displayed on electronic signs (such as CMSs). Motorists can then decide whether to continue on their original routes or divert to different routes to avoid the HRIs. The operational and cost effectiveness of the ITS solution will depend on the extent of motorist participation, i.e., percentage of drivers who would change their route. Therefore, a survey was developed to assess motorist attitudes toward delays at HRIs and their acceptance of
Comparative Study of Mixed Monolayers of a Calixarene with a Fatty Acid and a Non-Amphiphilic Nematic Liquid Crystal

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Many nematic liquid crystals (NLCs) lack a polar headgroup and thus are not able to form stable monolayers at the air/water (a/w) interface. A way to obtain monomolecular films of these compounds is to incorporate them into host monolayers of amphiphilic molecules. We report a comparative investigation of mixed films of Calix[4]resorcinarene O-octacarboxymethylated (CRO) with the non-amphiphilic NLC MBBA and with the amphiphilic stearic acid (SA). The comparative study is useful for a better understanding of the characteristics of the CRO-MBBA mixed films. Surface-pressure and surface-potential measurements on the monolayers at a/w interface, as well as ellipsometric and spectroscopic measurements on transferred Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films, confirm that MBBA is additively incorporated into CRO films.
A Comparative Study of Exploratory Analysis versus Statistical Analysis for Oligo-DNA Microarrays

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The use of large-scale oligo-DNA microarrays is a common technique to investigate and identify genes with specific or correlated expression profiles. A classical exploratory analysis of gene expression data would be to choose a threshold for the weak fluorescence signals, say 500, and to discard all the probes showing a lower
Development of a Dual‐Factor Activatable Covalent Targeted Photoacoustic Imaging Probe for Tumor Imaging

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) is an emerging modality in biomedical imaging with superior imaging depth and specificity. However, PAI still has significant limitations, such as the background noise from endogenous chromophores. To overcome these limitations, we developed a covalent activity‐based PAI probe, NOx‐JS013, targeting NCEH1. NCEH1, a highly expressed and activated serine hydrolase in aggressive cancers, has the potential to be employed for the diagnosis of cancers. We show that NOx‐JS013 labels active NCEH1 in live cells with high selectivity relative to other serine hydrolases. NOx‐JS013 also presents its efficacy as a hypoxia‐responsive imaging probe in live cells. Finally, NOx‐JS013 successfully visualizes aggressive prostate cancer tumors in mouse models of PC3, while being negligibly detected in tumors of non‐aggressive LNCaP mouse models. These findings show that NOx‐JS013 has the potential to be used to develop precision PAI reagents for detecting metastatic progression in various cancers.
Analysis of the physiological responses of Pacific abalone (Haliotis discus hannai) to various stressors to identify a suitable stress indicator

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract The Pacific abalone ( Haliotis discus hannai ) is the most economically valuable shellfish species in Northeast Asia, accounting for most of the shellfish production in South Korea. Despite the continuous improvement in the productivity of domestic abalone aquaculture, rapid seawater temperature changes caused by global warming have led to mass mortality in coastal abalone farms. Therefore, research on environmental stressors is urgently needed to prevent abalone production losses. This study analyzed the expression of heat shock protein ( HSP ) genes in foot muscles of H. discus hannai and metabolic parameters including glucose, lysozyme, catalase, D‐lactate, and trehalose levels in the hemolymph under acute high temperature, low temperature, low salinity, and air exposure. Quantitative reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that HSP20 expression was downregulated in all experimental groups, whereas HSP70 expression increased immediately in all experimental groups except for the low‐temperature stress group. Hemolymph analysis showed that glucose and lysozyme levels increased significantly immediately after treatment in all groups, and decreased during the recovery period. Together, the results indicate that low water temperature stress had the smallest effect on abalone among the treatments. We conclude that the other treatments acted as stressors of abalone and that HSP genes, glucose, and lysozyme can be used as stress indicators in H. discus hannai .
Basic hydrolysis of glyceryl nitrate esters. III. Trinitroglycerin

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Kinetics of the basic hydrolysis of glyceryl trinitrate (TNG) were investigated in CO 2 ‐free aqueous calcium hydroxide solutions. The hydrolysis reactions were carried out in a temperature controlled reactor vessel with provision for continuous N 2 sparging of the reaction mixture. TNG hydrolyzed via second‐order reaction at 25°C, 18°C, and 10°C. The activation energy of the hydrolysis reaction of TNG was calculated from the kinetic data and found to be equal to 27.53 kcal/mol. The major products of the hydrolysis of TNG in solution of calcium hydroxide were calcium nitrate and calcium nitrite, accounting for approximately 50% of the degradation products. The minor identified products such as calcium oxalate and nitrate esters amounted to approximatey 6% of the products. The remaining 30% of the isolated products was a mixture of calcium formate, a nitrate ester, and unidentified volatiles, polymerlike substances, and other organic residue.