jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Quasi-steady state power law model for flow of (La0·85Sr0·15)0·9MnO3 ceramic slurry in tape casting

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

One of the most common ways used to produce multilayer ceramics is tape casting. In this process, the wet tape thickness is one of the single most determining parameters affecting the final properties of the product, and it is therefore of great interest to be able to control it. In the present work, the flow in the doctor blade region of a slurry containing (La 0·85 Sr 0·15 ) 0·9 MnO 3 (LSM) material is described with a simple quasi-steady momentum equation in combination with an Ostwald–de Waele power law constitutive equation. Based on rheometer experiments, the constants in the Ostwald–de Waele power law are identified for the considered LSM material and applied in the analytical solution for the tape thickness. This solution is then used for different values of substrate velocity and doctor blade height and compared with experimental findings of the wet tape thickness, and good agreement is found.
STUDY ON EQUILIBRIUM BETWEEN rNaF·AlF_3-REO MELT AND LIQUID ALUMINIUM I CONCENTRATION EQUILIBRIUM OF RARE-EARTH IN THE TWO PHASES

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Based on industrial practice,the equilibrium between RE in cryolite- mixed light rare-earth oxide melt and liquid aluminium has been studied.Cryolite ratio, temperature and content of mixed light rare-earth in the sample are chosen as three fac- tors for studying thier influences on equilibrium concentration.The equations of rare- earth equilibrium concentration in the two phases with various factors are given.The in- fluences of the amount of aluminium added and rare-earth oxide content in the sample on rare-earth reduction rate are also studied.
Prevalence of and risk factors for chronic kidney disease of unknown aetiology in India: secondary data analysis of three population-based cross-sectional studies

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives To assess whether chronic kidney disease of unknown aetiology (CKDu) is present in India and to identify risk factors for it using population-based data and standardised methods. Design Secondary data analysis of three population-based cross-sectional studies conducted between 2010 and 2014. Setting Urban and rural areas of Northern India (states of Delhi and Haryana) and Southern India (states of Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh). Participants 12 500 individuals without diabetes, hypertension or heavy proteinuria. Outcome measures Mean estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and prevalence of eGFR below 60 mL/min per 1.73 m 2 (eGFR <60) in individuals without diabetes, hypertension or heavy proteinuria (proxy definition of CKDu). Results The mean eGFR was 105.0±17.8 mL/min per 1.73 m 2 . The prevalence of eGFR <60 was 1.6% (95% CI=1.4 to 1.7), but this figure varied markedly between areas, being highest in rural areas of Southern Indian (4.8% (3.8 to 5.8)). In Northern India, older age was the only risk factor associated with lower mean eGFR and eGFR <60 (regression coefficient (95% CI)=−0.94 (0.97 to 0.91); OR (95% CI)=1.10 (1.08 to 1.11)). In Southern India, risk factors for lower mean eGFR and eGFR <60, respectively, were residence in a rural area (−7.78 (-8.69 to –6.86); 4.95 (2.61 to 9.39)), older age (−0.90 (–0.93 to –0.86); 1.06 (1.04 to 1.08)) and less education (−0.94 (-1.32 to –0.56); 0.67 (0.50 to 0.90) for each 5 years at school). Conclusions CKDu is present in India and is not confined to Central America and Sri Lanka. Identified risk factors are consistent with risk factors previously reported for CKDu in Central America and Sri Lanka.
Artemisia Gentileschi: The Story of a Passion

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Her Roman beginnings between the work of her father and her gaze towards his colleagues and rivals The Florentine years The 1620s in Rome, her father in absentia, she herself becomes a leading figure among the surviving naturalists Nearly a quarter of a century of Neapolitan activity Public works and adequate national and international acclaim of her qualities
Social goal commitment in entrepreneurial teams: an entrepreneurship education experiment

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Although values and motivations of entrepreneurs are thought to impact key decisions and performance during business venturing, research in this field is still scarce. Organizational psychology and entrepreneurship literature has suggested that social value orientation (SVO) might affect entrepreneurial behavior. In this article, we hypothesized about the relationship between social value orientation and entrepreneurial performance in the context of entrepreneurial teams. We have developed preliminary insights through an entrepreneurial educational field experiment with students being sampled in teams based on proself and proother orientations. As hypothesized, prosocial teams performed better, yet surprisingly altruism in teams was related to worse performance. Our preliminary findings further indicate that team relationship conflict played a positive role in prosocial teams’ performance. Although preliminary, these findings may offer promising insights to the entrepreneurial team and entrepreneurship education literature.
Hypo-serotonergic function is involved in the prenatal valproic acid-induced behavioral changes and hyper-excitation in the prefrontal cortex of mice

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by social deficit and stereotyped, repetitive patterns of behaviors and interests. Maternal use of valproic acid (VPA) during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of ASD in the offspring. In the pathophysiological hypothesis of ASD, excitation/inhibition (E/I) imbalance is attracted. In this study, we investigated how VPA (500 mg/kg) at embryonic day 12.5 changes the emotional, cognitive and glutamatergic functions in the offspring of mice. Prenatal VPA exposure induced excessive repetitive self-grooming behavior, impairments of social behavior and object recognition memory, increased glutamatergic signaling [i.e. phospho-Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKⅡ)and phospho-protein kinase C (PKC) levels] and decreased serotonin contents in the prefrontal cortex. These results suggested that VPA-exposure induced ASD-like behaviors associated with hyper-excitation of glutamatergic and hypo-serotonergic functions in the prefrontal cortex. Activation of serotonergic system by fluoxetine (20mg/kg) attenuated the VPA-induced ASD-like behaviors and hyper-glutamatergic signaling in the prefrontal cortex. These results suggest that hypo-serotonergic function is involved in the prenatal VPA-induced ASD-like behaviors and hyper-excitation in the prefrontal cortex.
Regulatory mechanisms of c-Myc and their role in Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

El factor de transcripcion c-Myc juega un papel clave en la homeostasis celular, encontrandose frecuentemente desregulado en la carcinogenesis humana. c-Myc promueve la progresion de ciclo celular mediante la activacion o represion de genes diana formando un complejo con la proteina Max. La sobre-expresion de c-Myc tambien inhibe la diferenciacion celular, aunque los mecanismos exactos de dicha represion son desconocidos. La heterodimerizacion con Max se considera estrictamente necesaria para todas las actividades transcripcionales y oncogenicas de c-Myc, de manera que el desarrollo de inhibidores de la dimerizacion de c-Myc con Max se ambiciona como terapia antitumoral. Sin embargo, diversas observaciones sugieren que c-Myc tienen funciones independientes de Max, aunque no han sido totalmente caracterizadas. En esta tesis se ha estudiado de que manera diferentes mecanismos reguladores pueden frenar la actividad oncogenica de c-Myc y el subsiguiente impacto en la diferenciacion celular. En la primera mitad de la tesis, se demuestra que PML promueve la desestabilizacion de la proteina c-Myc y, en consecuencia, la reactivacion de los genes diana reprimidos por c-Myc. Entre estos genes diana se encuentra el inhibidor del ciclo celular cdkn1/p21, la reexpresion del cual provoca la diferenciacion de celulas leucemicas inducida por PML. En la segunda mitad, se identifica un nuevo mecanismo de regulacion transcripcional por parte de c-Myc a traves de la interaccion con RARa, el cual esta unido al ADN. En celulas indiferenciadas, los dimeros c-Myc/Max cooperan con RARa en la represion de genes esenciales para la diferenciacion. Una vez c-Myc es fosforilado por la quinasa Pak2, el complejo de c-Myc con RARa se convierte en activador mediante la perdida de Max y el reclutamiento de coactivadores transcripcionales. Este descubrimiento supone un nuevo mecanismo mediante el cual c-Myc puede ejercer la regulacion genica al menos en parte independientemente de Max, y tambien revela una funcion desconocida de c-Myc en la inhibicion y la promocion de la diferenciacion celular. En conjunto, estos resultados describen dos nuevos mecanismos que contrarrestan la actividad oncogenica de c-Myc. PML y Pak2 pueden ser considerados supresores de tumores ya que modulan la funcion de c-Myc para promover la diferenciacion de las celulas leucemicas. Estos descubrimientos pueden utilizarse como base para el desarrollo de nuevas terapias antitumorales que tengan como diana la proteina c-Myc.
A new type of PLZT light valve for an image projector

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

A novel type of PLZT light valve fabricated by a green sheet process has been developed, and a prototype image projector incorporating this light valve was investigated. A PLZT matrix with internal electrodes was fabricated by a tape casting technique, and the feasibility of high definition was verified. The light valve exhibits no crosstalk-related problems, is easy to fabricate, and has a high-response speed.< >
Kinetic study of oxygen electro-reduction on Ru x S y (CO) n based catalyst in 0.5 M H 2 SO 4

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The kinetics of molecular oxygen reduction was examined on a novel Ruthenium-sulfur carbonyl cluster electrocatalyst, synthesiz ed by pyrolysis at 300 oC. The experiments were performed by steady state measurements in a rotating-ring-disc-electrode(RRDE) in 0.5 M H2SO4 at 25 oC. For this study the electrocatalyst was supported on carbon paste. It was found that a maximum of 5.5% of hydrogen perox ide is formed at c.a. 0.3 V vs. NHE. This means that O 2 is mainly reduced to water by a four electron pathway. At least three zones of different mechanism could be detected for the O2 reduction on RuxSy(CO)n. In a first zone (0.67-0.35 V) all the three principal reactions of the Damjanovic's model (1) with k3 ≥ k2 occur. In the 0.33-0.20 V zone an H 2O2 accumulation is observed, k 2 > k3, and the reaction intermediate is well detected in the ring electrode. In the more cathodic region (0.31-0.03V) a new zone of occurrence of the three main reactions appears and the small peroxide quantities are slowly reduced to water. In all the three zones k > k2..
Thallium-201 myocardial imaging in young asymptomatic subjects with "ischaemic" changes in exercise electrocardiogram.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In order to assess the significance of a positive electrocardiographic response to exercise test in 10 asymptomatic subjects with normal resting ECG, a myocardial perfusion scanning with Thallium-201 at rest and during exercise was performed. The following ECG tests were also performed on these subjects: forced hyperventilation, exercise test after nitroglycerin (TNG), exercise test after propranolol. Myocardial perfusion scans did not reveal any defect at rest nor during exercise. Hyperventilation determined abnormalities of ventricular repolarization in all subjects. TNG did not improve the response to exercise test and even decreased the ischemic threshold. After propranolol the electrocardiographic response to exercise became normal in 9 cases, while in 1 subject the ST depressions were impressively reduced. All subjects had a follow-up of 14 to 91 months. During this period none presented symptoms suggesting a coronary disease. This study suggests that combined evaluation of Thallium myocardial perfusion imaging during exercise and exercise ECG test after TNG is most useful in differentiating ischemic from nonischemic exercise ST depressions in asymptomatic population.
Phase I trial of the first-in-class EGFR antibody mixture, Sym004, in patients with advanced solid tumors.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

3089 Background: Sym004 is a recombinant antibody 1:1 mixture of two chimeric anti-EGFR mAbs, which elicits superior cancer cell growth inhibition in preclinical models. Uniquely, Sym004 mediates cell surface receptor removal by triggering EGFR internalization and degradation. Results from a first-in-human multicenter trial evaluating safety and tolerability of multiple doses of Sym004 are reported. Methods: The trial comprises a dose-escalating part A (0.4 mg/kg-12 mg/kg) with classical 3+3 design after the first 2 cohorts and an extension part B at maximum tolerated dose (MTD). Patients (pts) received weekly IV infusions of Sym004 until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Pharmacokinetics and safety is evaluated weekly, with dose-limiting toxicities (DLT) assessed in the first 4 weeks, and tumor response every 8 weeks. Results: In part A, 17 pts (median age 60 years) were treated with doses up to 9 mg/kg without reaching the MTD: 0.4 mg/kg (1 had 6 doses), 0.75 mg/kg (1 had 35* doses), 1.5 mg/kg (3 pts had 6, 6 and 21 doses), 3 mg/kg (3 pts had 3, 5 and 6 doses), 6 mg/kg (3 pts had 3, 12* and 13 doses) and 9 mg/kg (6 had 1, 4*, 4*, 5*, 6* and 9* doses [*ongoing]). Most common tumor types were colorectal (11 pts) and pancreatic carcinomas (3 pts). 90% of adverse events (AEs) were CTCAE grade 1 or 2. The most frequent events were skin toxicities, diarrhea, nausea, infusion related reaction and electrolyte disturbances, similar to marketed anti-EGFR mAbs. 5 pts had non-serious, grade 1 mucositis. 4 pts had serious AEs related to Sym004: grade 2 rash and grade 1 allergic reaction (6 mg/kg), grade 3 acneiform rash (6 mg/kg), grade 3 hypomagnesemia (9 mg/kg) and grade 3 infusion related reaction (9 mg/kg). The latter event led to the introduction of an intensified pre-medication scheme with steroids, antihistamines and paracetamol before the first 4 infusions and lowered infusion rate. No further infusion reactions were observed thereafter. Of the 11 pts treated with doses up to 6 mg/kg, 4 remained in the trial for more than 8 weeks. AUC and Cmax for both mAbs constituting Sym004 were similar and increased with dose. Conclusions: Sym004 is well tolerated with no unexpected toxicities and shows preliminary signs of clinical activity.
Hypovirulence in chestnut blight fungus,Cryphonectria parasitica, in Slovakia

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The recovery of the European chestnut from chestnut blight in Europe is attributed to hypovirulence, a viral disease that reduces the virulence of its host – Cryphonectria parasitica. Hypovirulence has been used in biocontrol programmes throughout Europe with the aim of not only treating individual chestnut blight cankers but causing the natural spread and establishment of viruses in C. parasitica populations. Almost 40 years after the first appearance of chestnut blight and more than 20 years after the first biocontrol treatment implementation in Slovakia the establishment and natural spread of hypovirulence were studied. The morphological characteristics of 179 chestnut blight cankers and 161 C. parasitica strains were evaluated for the presence of hypovirus from three chestnut cultivation sites in Slovakia. Nineteen cankers and isolates were considered hypovirulent based on visual assessment of their morphological characteristics. The hypovirus presence by RNA extraction was confirmed in 6 cankers/strains.
On some problems related to palindrome closure

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, we solve some open problems related to (pseudo)palindrome closure operators and to the infinite words generated by their iteration, that is, standard episturmian and pseudostandard words. We show that if ϑ is an involutory antimorphism of A*, then the right and left ϑ-palindromic closures of any factor of a ϑ-standard word are also factors of some ϑ-standard word. We also introduce the class of pseudostandard words with "seed", obtained by iterated pseudopalindrome closure starting from a nonempty word. We show that pseudostandard words with seed are morphic images of standard episturmian words. Moreover, we prove that for any given pseudostandard word s with seed, all sufficiently long left special factors of s are prefixes of it.
[HLA-DRB alleles polymorphism in Han, Hui, Uygur and Tibetan populations in northwestern China].

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

According to the 11th THW standard, we designed a pair of primers by which a segment of 256bp of HLA-DRB1, B3, B4, and B5 could be amplified simultaneously. Twenty-seven oligonucleotide probes were designed and synthesized for 39 loci on DRB1, 3 on DRB3, 1 on DRB4 and 3 on DRB5. A PCR-SSO DNA typing protocol was built, which met the standard of HLA class II DNA typing in 11th IHW. With this method, 186 of Chinese (Han) in Xi'an, 169 of Hui in Ningxia, 200 of Uygur in Xinjiang, and 188 of Tibetan in Tibet were detected with a comparison study. The genetic distribution of 46 loci of DRB in four ethnic healthy populations were surveyed. No diversity has been found between Han and Hui in DRB. DRB1 * 02(16.9%), DRB1 * 07 (13.1%), and DRB1 * 09(12.0%) were the higher frequent loci in Han. More DRB loci were detected in Tibetan but without higher loci as in Han and Hui. The DRB polymorphism of Uygur population was similar to Caucasian. A discriminative highest frequency of DRB1 * 07(23.8%) was found in Uygur, which implied a selection happened.
EARLY ASSESSMENT OF TUMOR RESPONSE TO RADIATION THERAPY USING HIGH-RESOLUTION CONTRAST ENHANCED ULTRASOUND IMAGING TECHNIQUES AND APPLICATIONS FOR PROSTATE CANCER

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Traditional anatomical imaging for cancer diagnosis and assessing response to therapy is limited to just the superficial appearance of a tumor. A functional imaging approach, which takes a closer at look various microenvironments within the tumor, is likely to offer a more holistic view of the tumor behavior and response to treatment. Acoustic Angiography is a novel super-harmonic contrast ultrasound imaging technique that utilizes a dual-frequency transducer to quickly generate high-resolution 3D microvascular images with exceptionally high contrast-to-tissue ratio. Herein, we demonstrate the ability of Acoustic Angiography to quantify tumor microvascular features and investigate their changes after therapeutic doses of radiation therapy in a tumor bearing rodent model. We then demonstrate using functional longitudinal data analysis that quantified microvascular features can be used to predict radiation therapy response with limited time point measurements. Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in men, resulting in near 30,000 deaths a year in the United States alone. Current diagnostic and staging techniques for prostate cancer have been shown to have low sensitivity and specificity, limiting early detection and intervention. There is potential for improving ultrasound imaging techniques for aiding in prostate cancer detection and biopsy guidance with Acoustic Angiography imaging. The clinical translation of Acoustic Angiography hinges on certain design improvements, primarily increased depth of penetration. The last part of this dissertation discusses the development of a dual-frequency linear array transducer for Acoustic Angiography. This dissertation consists of two primary hypotheses: 1) Acoustic Angiography can be used to quantify changes in tumor microvascular features and predict radiation treatment response earlier than using tumor volume alone. 2) Acoustic Angiography using a dual-frequency linear array transducer is suitable for prostate cancer imaging.
The role of the precedence effect in sound source lateralization

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

This work examines sound source lateralization of ongoing broadband noise targets in the presence of a single ongoing broadband noise jammer, which was either a simple simulated reflection of the target or was uncorrelated with the target. Identification thresholds of ±300-μs ITD targets and lateralization thresholds were determined. Identification thresholds of the reflection jammers were 3.2 dB lower (P=0.027) than the identification thresholds of the jammers that were uncorrelated with the targets. Lateralization thresholds of the reflection jammers were 2.85 dB lower (P=0.040) than the lateralization thresholds of the uncorrelated jammers. There was a slight trend, in agreement with the current understanding of the precedence effect, for both the identification and lateralization thresholds of the simple reflection jammers to be dependent on jammer ITD. The 0-μs ITD reflection jammer produced a threshold that was 1.9 dB lower (P=0.104) than the threshold of the 643-μs ITD reflection jammer. Additionally comparisons between the lateralization thresholds of normal-hearing listeners and two cross-correlation models were made. The models obtained lateralization thresholds as low as −13 dB, up to 10 dB better than normal-hearing performance. [Work supported by NIH Grant No. R01 DC00100.]
The Next Great Arms Race

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Despite the end of the Cold War?perhaps because of it?the nations of East and Southeast Asia are engaged in accelerating arms races with significant implications for regional and international security. The recent sale of American F-16 fighter jets to Taiwan and Russian Su-27 fighter jets to China are part of a larger arms acquisi tion effort as both countries also upgrade their own military produc tion capabilities. Other countries in the region?Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand and the two Koreas?are also involved in major arms acquisition programs and the development of high-tech military industries. Although these nations have generally managed to avoid direct combat with one another since the Vietnam War (the short border conflict between China and Vietnam in 1979 being the sole exception), continuing tension in Korea and a number of territorial disputes in the South China Sea area could provide the sparks to ignite a regional conflagration. The acceleration of regional arms races is made more worrisome by the absence of any regional arms control talks, such as those now under way in the Middle East, and by the growing technological prowess of the leading Asian powers. While most of the nato and former Warsaw Pact countries are reducing their military expendi tures and slowing the development of new weapons, many East Asian countries are raising their military outlays?in some cases by a
Tristaniopsis guillainii var. balansana: Amice, R., Butin, J.-P., Fleurot, D., Garnier, D., Goxe, J., Hequet, V., Lannuzel, G., Suprin, B. & Veillon, J.-M.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Established in 1964, the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species has evolved to become the world’s most comprehensive information source on the global conservation status of animal, fungi and plant species.