jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Man, That’s Funny: The Evolved Function Of Aggressive Humor

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Aggressive humor is humor that reflects an intention to ridicule and insult others. Previous studies found that the use of aggressive humor tends to damage interpersonal relationships and associates with traits typically considered socially undesirable. However, the use of aggressive humor is prevalent, so much so that it is considered one of four major types of humor alongside affiliative, self-enhancing, and self-defeating humor. These findings present an evolutionary puzzle: why has nature preserved a seemingly maladaptive behavior such as aggressive humor?In this thesis, I offered an evolutionary, functional analysis of the use of aggressive humor, and my main argument is that similar to physical aggression and other types of verbal aggression, the use of aggressive humor facilitates intrasexual competition. I conducted a crosssectional survey (N = 400 U.S. adults) to test this intrasexual-competition hypothesis of aggressive humor, and the findings are threefold. First, male respondents, on average, scored significantly higher than female respondents on a self-report measure of the use of aggressive humor, replicating the findings of prior research. Second, a measure of intrasexual-competition (but not courtship) motive positively and significantly correlated with the self-report measure of the tendency to use aggressive humor. This correlation remained significant after I controlled for covariates related to the mating effort and aggression but dropped to non-significance after I controlled for the Dark Triad personality traits. Third, there was no evidence that respondents’ sex moderated the correlation between the motive to intrasexually compete and the tendency to use aggressive humor. Collectively, these findings largely support the hypothesis that the use of aggressive humor is related to intrasexual competition, which could be why nature has preserved the use of aggressive humor despite its negative impact on interpersonal relationships.
Long non-coding RNA Neat1 promotes acute kidney disease via activation of NLRP3 inflammasome

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Acute kidney injury (AKI) is common in hospitalized patients and is associated with high mortality. Inflammation plays a key role in the pathophysiology of AKI. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are being increasingly recognized as regulators of the inflammatory and immune response. In this study, we first observed significantly increased urinary and circulating lncRNA Neat1 among 66 hospitalized patients with AKI versus control subjects from a primary care clinic; and among kidney transplant recipients, Neat1 levels were highest after surgery followed by a prompt decline to normal levels in parallel with recovery of kidney function. Next, in a mouse model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced septic AKI, in which kidney tubular Neat1 was increased, short hairpin RNA-mediated knockdown of Neat1 in the kidney preserved kidney function by lowering BUN and serum creatinine/cystatin C, protected against tubular apoptosis and suppressed overexpression of AKI biomarkers KIM-1 and NGAL, leukocyte infiltration and both intrarenal and systemic inflammatory cytokines IL-6, TNF-α and IL-1β. Finally, in LPS-treated C1.1 mouse kidney tubular cells, Neat1 was induced via the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway which promoted subsequent activation of NLRP3 inflammasomes via binding with another scaffold protein, Rack1. Silencing of Neat1 in C1.1 cells ameliorated LPS-induced upregulation of IL-6, whereas overexpressing Neat1 alone without LPS stimulation was sufficient to drive C1.1 cells into a proinflammatory phenotype. In conclusion, Neat1 exerts a prominent role in AKI by promoting NLRP3 inflammasome activation and is a potential novel biomarker and therapeutic target for AKI.
Association of high cytoplasmic expression of p27 Kip1 on cancer-specific survival in clear cell renal cell carcinoma.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

418 Background: p27Kip1 is considered to contribute to the progression of ccRCC and is targeted by next generation dual-therapies. Cytoplasmic and nuclear differences of p27 Kip1 expression and localization in benign and clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) were analyzed with regard to overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS). Methods: In 140 patients, ccRCC and corresponding benign kidney tissue were analyzed for nuclear and cytoplasmic staining of p27Kip1 by immunohistochemistry using a tissue microarray technique. Staining intensity and percentage of positive stained cells are given as expression scores. p27Kip1 expression was categorized as high if ccRCC tissue stained stronger than the respective level of the corresponding benign tissue and categorized as low if ccRCC tissue stained less than or equal to the corresponding benign tissue. Differences in OS and CSS were analyzed by log-rank analysis and expression levels were correlated with tumour and patient characteristics using Fisher’s exact test. Results: Cytoplasmatic (mean [SD]: 13.8% [1.2%] vs 10.7% [1.7%]; P = 0.04) and nuclear (mean [SD]: 75.6% [2.7%] vs 13.6% [2.1%]; P < 0.001) staining of p27Kip1 were significantly stronger in ccRCC tissues compared to benign tissue. High cytoplasmic p27Kip1 expression was significantly associated with a higher T and N stage, Fuhrman grade and the presence of metastatic disease (P < 0.001). The median follow-up time was 38.2 months. There was no difference in OS between the low and high expression groups, although CSS was significantly lower in patients with high cytoplasmic p27Kip1 (P < 0.001) and CSS heavily tended to be lower in the nuclear low expression group (P = 0.069). Conclusions: High cytoplasmic p27Kip1 levels in renal cancer tissues are associated with advanced disease and reduced cancer specific survival, whereas low nuclear expression levels appear to be beneficial. The present study corroborates the consideration of cytoplasmic p27Kip1 for future diagnostic and targeted therapeutic approaches in RCC establishing a potential protective shift of p27Kip1 from the cytoplasm to the nucleus.
How blood group A might be a risk and blood group O be protected from coronavirus (COVID-19) infections

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

When according to the numbers of Wikipedia (although they are disputed) in countries like Chile, Ecuador, Colombia, Simbabwe and Mexico 59 to 85 percent of the people have blood group O and these countries officially publish extremely low COVID-19 cases and death rates per 1 million inhabitants, this may not alone result from insufficient investigations but might suggest a lower susceptibility of blood group O to the disease. The molecular biology of a virus infection pathogenesis determines the genetic target and the human phenotype-determining enzymes decide about the difference between infection and disease. In the case that O-glycosylation plays a key role in the pathogenesis of coronavirus infections, as was discussed already 14 years ago in a SARS-CoV virus infection and is currently again predicted for SARS-CoV-2 or COVID-19, this would involve the formation of hybrid, serologically A-like, O-GalNAcα1-Ser/Thr-R, Tn (“T nouvelle”) antigenic structures. Although the ACE2 (angiotensin-converting-enzyme 2) protein, mediating the transferring enzymes, is defined as the primary SARS-CoV receptor, the actual binding between host and pathogen appears to occur via an intermediate hybrid O-glycan. The virus hypothetically hijacks the metabolism of the host's amino sugar N-acetyl-D-galactosamine (GalNAc) by serine-rich peptides. The resulting intermediate, evolutionary and developmental A-like/Tn structure, which is common to all metazoan growth processes and apparently acts as a host-pathogen functional bridge in different, unrelated infectious diseases, would perform the adhesion of the virus to host cells primarily independent of the ABO blood group. However, apart from the fact that susceptibility to an infection and its severity depend on many factors, individuals with blood group A could not respond with either acquired or innate antibodies to the synthesis of A-like hybrid structures due to clonal selection and phenotypic accommodation of plasma proteins; blood group A individuals would become a preferred target for the virus, performing a further (blood group-A-specific) hybrid binding. A first statistical study suggests that people with blood group A have a significantly higher risk for acquiring COVID-19, whereas people with blood group O have a significantly lower risk for the infection compared with non-O blood groups (Zhao, J. et al., 2020). While these findings await confirmations, blood group O individuals, lacking the blood group-A-determining enzyme, may develop the least molecular contact with the virus and maintain the anti-A/Tn cross-reactive, complement-dependent isoagglutinin activity, which is exerted by the polyreactive, nonimmune immunoglobulin M (IgM), representing the humoral spearhead of innate immunity and a first line of defense.Reference: Zhao, J. et al. Relationship between the ABO Blood Group and the COVID-19 Susceptibility. medRxiv (2020) doi:10.1101/2020.03.11.20031096.
Methods for Noninvasive Electroencephalogram Detection

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The electroencephalogram (EEG) provides a noninvasive way to record and analyze brain functions in real time. For brain—computer interfaces (BCIs), slow waves, evoked potentials, and activation in the alpha, beta, and gamma bands are used. When a real-time biosignal processing system is confi gured, several influencing components have to be considered. This chapter discusses EEG electrodes and electrode placement, lists possible sources of noise and artifacts, and explains how to avoid them. It explains the properties of biosignal amplifiers and analog-to-digital conversion. It also discusses possibilities for host computers and processing environments. Finally, examples of brain—computer interface (BCI) systems are given for rehabilitation and for brain mapping.
Resistance Identification of Main Rubber Cultivars and Some Rubber Germplasm in China to Colletotrichum acutatum in Laboratory

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Rubber anthracnose,one of leaf diseases infecting rubber trees,has emerged as a major constraint to natural rubber production in recent years.Colletotrichum gloeosporioides had been reported as the only pathogen of the anthracnose in China for years,and Colletotrichum acutatum was first identified as a causal agent of rubber anthracnose in Yunnan Province in 2008.There are few reports about the pathogen in China.In this context C.acutatum was sampled from Guangdong,Yunnan and Hainan for detection of its pathogenicity in laboratory and then inoculated with its mycelia to major Hevea germplasm and clones in China for resistance assessment.Ninety one accessions of the germplasm and 18 clones were collected from the National Rubber Tree Nursery and inoculated with C.acutatum by leaf puncture bioassay.Of the 91 accessions,6(6.6 %) were resistant to C.acutatum,57(62.6 %) slightly disease-susceptible and 28(29.8 %) susceptible;of the 18 clones,4(22 %) were resistant,11(63 %) slightlysusceptible and 1(5.6 %) susceptible.The SAS analysis results showed different accessions of germplasm or clones were significantly different in their resistance to C.acutatum and that there was a highly significant difference at the level of 0.05 between the resistant and the slightly susceptible germplasm orclones.
Automated detection of microcalcifications in digitized mammogram film images

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Breast cancer is a disease reaching epidemic proportions in North America with a lifetime incidence rate approaching 1 in 10 women. Microcalcifications are the most common and often the only radiological indicator of early breast cancer. Computer Aided Diagnosis (CADx) prompting techniques that alert radiologists to potential microcalcification abnormalities for re-examination have been demonstrated by several research groups to significantly improve the ability of radiologists to detect clustered microcalcifications. Very little research work has been performed to date to evaluate the performance of microcalcification detection techniques on a common set of images under controlled conditions. We have performed such a comparison on two promising methods from the research literature and four novel methods developed as a part of the work for this thesis. Additionally, the performance of these microcalcification detection methods are evaluated against criteria for the task of prompting screening radiologists for microcalcification cluster. As a part of this thesis work, an improved prototype of the Analytical Imaging Mammography (AIM) system was designed and constructed. This system is intended to provide a flexible platform for mammogram film digitization and analysis. Improvements in the ATM system included: (i) novel hardware and software for automatic, computerized focus and camera position control and (ii) a versatile, friendly user interface. The ATM system was used to digitize an extensive database of mammogram film images obtained from the B.C. Cancer Agency covering the full spectrum of mammographic abnormalities. A sub-set of 30 of these images were selected and used to evaluate the performance of the microcalcification detection methods implemented as a part of this thesis.
Quantifying herbicide mass in the transplant hole as it moves from the surface of the plasticulture mulch

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Vegetable production on plastic mulch in Georgia often combines fumigation, drip tape, raised beds, and plastic mulch, where three to five high-value crops are produced over 2 yr. With the elimination of methyl bromide as a soil fumigant, herbicides applied over plastic mulch before crop transplanting have become essential to maintain weed control. However, proper care must be taken to avoid crop damage from any herbicide residue. Experiments using simulated vegetable beds covered with totally impermeable film (TIF) were conducted to quantify the concentration of halosulfuron-methyl, glufosinate, glyphosate, S -metolachlor, and acetochlor remaining on the mulch and the amount of each herbicide that moved into the crop transplant hole when irrigation water was applied. With 0.63 cm of water irrigation, <2% of halosulfuron-methyl, glufosinate, and glyphosate remained on the surface of the TIF. In contrast, 91% and 15% of acetochlor remained on the TIF after irrigation with 0.63 and 1.27 cm of water, respectively. For S -metolachlor, 17% and 3% remained after the aforementioned irrigation volumes, respectively. The order of concentration detected in the transplant hole was equivalent to ranking the herbicides by water solubility: glyphosate > glufosinate > halosulfuron-methyl > S -metolachlor > acetochlor. All herbicide concentrations were below 1.0 mg ai/ae in the transplant hole regardless of irrigation volume. For halosulfuron, glyphosate, and glufosinate, these concentrations were equal to a 1.3 to 8.9 times the field use rate washing into the transplant hole. Acetochlor and S -metolachlor concentrations in the transplant hole were equivalent to 0.1× to 0.7× of field use rates, respectively. With further evaluations, the quantified herbicide concentrations in the transplant hole can be used to make changes to recommended rates and potentially create new options for growers to utilize.
Approach to the Spanish Forestry sector

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food of the Government of Spain pointed out that the forestry industry accentuates its great diversity of species and trees and a multifunctionality of goods and services. The contribution of the wood industry pointed to a wide range of indirect economic activity (extensive livestock farming, nature tourism, fire extinction) of the Spanish forestry sector. In order to protect these activities and the natural environment in general, the Spanish Forestry Strategy was developed, a forestry policy program for the sustainable management of private and neighborhoods forests, as almost 70 % of Spanish forests are private. Spain was among the 130 countries that agreed on National Forest Plans for the development of a comprehensive forest management policy. Therefore, the general objective of this research was to investigate the evolution of the forestry sector in Spain during the last two decades of the 21st century, based on two variables: employment and foreign trade. To this end, an inductive method was used to carry out a quantitative and descriptive analysis, based on secondary sources of information. The result required the identification of the main sectors of the national forest industry (wood, pulp, paper and/or furniture), the positive evolution of the Spanish forest sector and the significant investment in forest policies such as fire extinction.
"We Have Almost Forgotten How to Hope": The Hualapai, the Navajo, and the Fight for the Central Arizona Project, 1944-1968

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Journal Article ”We Have Almost Forgotten How to Hope”: The Hualapai, the Navajo, and the Fight for the Central Arizona Project, 1944–1968 Get access Byron E. Pearson Byron E. Pearson assistant professor of American history West Texas A & M University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Western Historical Quarterly, Volume 31, Issue 3, Autumn 2000, Pages 297–316, https://doi.org/10.2307/969962 Published: 01 August 2000
Evaluation of Combining Ability for the Expression of Traits of Tomato (Lycopersicon Esculentum Mill.) through the Line X Tester Analysis

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The present investigation entitled “Line X Tester analysis in Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)” was undertaken at Main Experiment Station, Department of Vegetable Science of Narendra Deva University of Agriculture & Technology, Narendra Nagar, Kumarganj, Faizabad (U.P.). Analysis of variance revealed significance differences among the genotype for all the characters indicating existence of wide variation in the experimental material evaluated. The analysis of variance of present investigation having 14 parents and 40 hybrids for 14 characters was carried out and mean squares obtained. The anylysis of variance for combining ability revealed significance difference due to lines, testers and line x tester interection for all the traits. The indicated that combining ability played vital role in the expression of the traits under study.
A home for all within planetary boundaries: Pathways for meeting England's housing needs without transgressing national climate and biodiversity goals

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Secure housing is core to the Sustainable Development Goals and a fundamental human right. However, potential conflicts between housing and sustainability objectives remain under-researched. We explore the impact of current English government housing policy, and alternative housing strategies, on national carbon and biodiversity goals. Using material flow and land use change/biodiversity models, we estimate from 2022 to 2050 under current policy housing alone would consume 104% of England's cumulative carbon budget (2.6/2.5Gt [50% chance of < 1.5 °C]); 12% from the construction and operation of newbuilds and 92% from the existing stock. Housing expansion also potentially conflicts with England's biodiversity targets. However, meeting greater housing need without rapid housing expansion is theoretically possible. We review solutions including improving affordability by reducing demand for homes as financial assets, macroprudential policy, expanding social housing, and reducing underutilisation of floor-space. Transitioning to housing strategies which slow housing expansion and accelerate low-carbon retrofits would achieve lower emissions, but we show that they face an unfavourable political economy and structural economic barriers.
OS1803 Effect of Grains on Local Strain Distribution in Cu Micro-interconnection

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Microscopic strain localization in copper (Cu) micro-interconnection, which connects through-hole electrodes in a three-dimensional chip stacking LSI, is examined by using the crystal plasticity finite element method analysis. Analytical models composed of 20 and 1900 grains are prepared on the basis of a nucleation and growth model. Strain localization appears in the models owing to the deformation constraint among grains. Stain concentration in the 1900-grains model is larger than that of the 20-grains model.
Second Report of the Alcohol Marketing Communications Monitoring Body (2007)

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In December 2005, the Minister for Health and Children set up the Alcohol Marketing Communications Monitoring Body (the Monitoring Body) to oversee the implementation of and adherence to the Voluntary Codes of Practice to limit the exposure of young people to alcohol advertising. These Codes were agreed between the Department of Health and Children and representatives of the advertising, drinks and media communications industries.\nClick here to download\nPDF 146kb
The Beatles Story 14

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

From a 1973 BBC documentary on The Beatles. CD14. PART FOURTEEN: GEORGE AND RINGO TODAY, THE EX-BEATLES STORY 1. Introduction (0:29) 2. Eah Eah / Allen Klein / Here Comes The Sun / George / Bangla Desh (13:40) 3. Give Me Love / Living In The Material World / Ringo / Back Off Boogaloo / Ringo / I'm The Greatest (20:10) 4. Elton John / The End / Mick Jagger / Dig It / Neil Diamond / She's Leaving Home / David Cassidy / Roger Greenaway (11:07) 5. Paul / Love Me Do (Hollywood Strings) (2:38)
The alkaloids of Atherosperma moschatum Labill. I. Isolation of the alkaloids and structure of Berbamine

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The bark of Atherosperma moschatum Labill. of the family Monimiaceae contains the known bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloids berbamine (1.6 per cent.) and isotetrandrine (0.06 per cent.), together with isocorydine (0.007 per cent.) and three new alkaloids atherosperminine, C20H23O2N (0.005 per cent.), atherospermidine, C18Hl3O4N (0 006 per cent.), and spermatheridine, C17H11O3N (0.002 per cent.). The last two alkaloids are bright yellow and weakly basic. In addition to the bases listed above the leaves contain a trace of another alkaloid spermatherine. Both bark and leaves contain . phenolic alkaloids which were not further investigated. The position of the hitherto unlocated hydroxyl group in berbamine is unequivocally established by fission of O-ethylberbamine with sodium in liquid ammonia.
LHD 6O-AL01-08-NF #184714.1

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The plasma monitor cameras are installed in 6-T, 6-O and 10-O ports for monitoring LHD plasmas. Five cameras are set in 3-O port for observing the lower divertor structure near 2.5-L port and the plasma-wall interactions on the divertor plates.