jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Textural Properties and Sensory Quality of Processed Sweetpotatoes as Affected by Low Temperature Blanching

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Sweetpotatoes (SP) stored for 9–12 mo after harvest were cut into cylindrical pieces and, following factorial experiments and response surface design, were blanched at 50–80°C for 15–274 min. Instrumental textural properties were measured by uniaxial compression and texture profile analysis. Samples of selected blanching treatments were canned in syrup for textural and sensory evaluations. Both blanching temperature and time had significant effects on firmness. Optimal temperature for maximal firmness retention was about 62°C. For canned SP, the 62°C blanched samples were more intact (2–3‐fold) and firmer (2–7‐fold) than controls. Sensory texture and overall acceptability were greatest for samples blanched at 62°C for 30 or 45 min before canning.
Measurements of precedence phenomena in binaural and monaural conditions

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The precedence effect is a compelling auditory illusion which is thought to negotiate competition for perception and localization between the direct sound and its reflections. Three perceptual phenomena that have been related to the precedence effect are known to occur: (1) the two sounds are fused into one auditory event (fusion); (2) the perceived location of the fused auditory event is dominated by the leading source (localization dominance); and (3) directional information from the lagging source is inaccessible (discrimination suppression). Performance was measured on the above tasks under both binaural and monaural conditions, in both the azimuthal and median-sagittal planes, and in listeners with profound monaural deafness. Results suggest that: (1) Fusion occurs at similar delays under monaural and binaural conditions; (2) discrimination suppression is strong under binaural conditions but weak or absent under monaural conditions; (3) localization dominance is similar in the azimuthal and median-sagittal planes. It is tentatively concluded that the precedence effect may not be mediated solely by binaural circuits, but that monaural pathways may be involved as well. [Work supported by NIH Grant Nos. DC02692 and DC00100.]
Relapsing Polychondritis Following Alopecia Areata

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A case of alopecia areata followed by relapsing polychondritis is presented. Similar cases from the literature are reviewed and speculation about the relationship of these diseases is offered. Although the occurrence of these diseases together could be coincidental, an association seems immunologically plausible. Thus, relapsing polychondritis might be an unusual systemic manifestation of alopecia areata.
Standardized polytomous discrimination index using concordance

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

의학진단과 신용평가 등에서 삼항 이상 다항 범주의 결과로 예측되는 경우가 많다. 다항 범주의 문제에 대하여 부합성 (concordance)을 이용한 다섯 종류의 통계량이 제안되고 사용되었다. 그러나 이러한 통계량들은 범주의 뚜렷한 구분없이 표현되어 짝 (pairwise) 접근방법과 집단 (set) 접근방법을 사용하기 어렵고, 이 통계량들의 의미를 명확하게 파악할 수 없다. 따라서 통계량들의 비교분석이 가능하지 않았다. 본 연구에서는 평가자료를 새롭게 표현하고, 이를 바탕으로 부합성을 재표현한다. 이 부합성을 이용하여 기존의 통계량들을 새롭게 정의한다. 본 연구에서 제안한 방법으로 다섯 가지 통계량들의 의미를 설명할 수 있으며 비교 분석이 가능하다. 다양한 자료를 생성하여 분석하여 이 통계량들의 특징을 탐색할 수 있으며 설명할 수 있다. There are many situations that the outcome for clinical decision and credit assessment should be predicted more than two categories. Five kinds of statistics which are used the concordance are proposed and used for these polytomous problems. However, these statistics are defined without exact distinction of categories, so that we have difficulty to use both the pair and set approaches and it is hard to understand the meanings of these statistics. Hence, it is not possible to compare and analyze them. In this paper, the polytomous confusion matrix is standardized and the concordance statistic can be represented based on the confusion matrix. The five kinds of statistics by using the concordance are defined. With the methods proposed in this paper, we could not only explain their meanings but also compare and analyze these statistics. Based on various data sets, properties of these five statistics are explored and explained.
THE MASKING MODEL: A POSSIBLE EXPLANATION FOR VARIOUS EFFECTS OF NEAR-UV RADIATION

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract— A general model is proposed to explain certain phenomena observed upon the near-UV irradiation of biological materials. The model states that the ratio of two action spectra (e.g. in the presence or absence of histidine) does not accurately portray the absorption spectrum of the underlying chromophore. Rather, such a ratio is dictated by the relative amounts of two photoproducts. Both photoproducts are induced most efficiently at or below 300 nm. One photoproduct, sensitive to the presence of the variable agent (e.g. histidine), has a broader production spectrum than the other, which is induced independently of the variable agent. The first photoproduct is quantitatively more important at shorter wavelengths while the second dominates at longer wavelengths. An equation has been derived which defines the model in mathematical terms. Such a model might explain: (1) increased phage and bacterial inactivation in the presence of sublethal hydrogen peroxide concentrations; (2) the discrepancy between the inactivation action spectrum and absorption spectrum of psoralen; (3) histidine protection of transforming DNA inactivation; (4) phage T7 inactivation; (5) bacterial inactivation under anoxic conditions; (6) inactivation of DNA repair enzymes; and (7) photomutagenesis at low fiuence rates.
Incidence of adverse physiological changes in intensive care – a multi-centre audit

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

There has been some concern in the literature as to whether physiotherapy causes adverse physiological changes (APC) that could be harmful to intensive care patients. A multicentre audit was performed to: investigate the incidence of APC during physiotherapy in critically ill patients over a three-month period; benchmark this against studies which have recorded spontaneous APC; and to investigate whether there were any trends in patient category, demographic characteristics, type of intervention, or seniority of physiotherapist. There were 12 800 physiotherapy treatments completed with 29 treatments resulting in adverse physiological changes (0.22%). This incidence was significantly lower than a previous study of APC (663 events/247 patients over a 24-hour period), that is, the incidence during physiotherapy was lower than during general ICU care. Significant trends in the 29 patients who had an APC during physiotherapy were apparent, with a deterioration in cardiovascular status the major APC noted (i.e. decrease in blood pressure or arrhythmia) in patients on medium to high doses of inotropes/vasopressors, having unstable baseline hemodynamic values, previous cardiac co-morbidities, receiving intervention consisting of positive pressure, and/or with junior physiotherapists completing the intervention. Combinations of incidents in these 29 patients demonstrated that a decrease in blood pressure commonly occurred if a patient on inotropes with unstable baseline values was either turned to right side lying (2 sided Fishers exact test, p = 0.006) or received positive pressure (2-sided Fishers exact test, p = 0.07). This audit has demonstrated that the overwhelming majority of physiotherapy treatments in intensive care are safe.\nZeppos, L., Paratz, J., Adsett, J., Berney, S., Bridson, J., & Patman, S. (2006). Incidence of adverse physiological changes in intensive care – a multi-centre audit. Australian Journal of Physiotherapy, 52(1), S35.\nISSN: 0004-9514
Effect of five medicinal plant leaves on survival, oviposition and progeny development of cowpea bruchid, <em>Callosobruchus maculatus</em> (F.) infesting cowpea seeds in storage

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Over 90% of the insect damage to cowpea seeds is caused by Callosobruchus maculatus. Although, many chemicals have proven their efficacy against C. maculatus, they adversely affect the natural environment. Death of non-targeted species which are natural enemies of other insect pests and development of resistance to chemicals is possible. Therefore, the current study was conducted to determine the effect of plant leaves of Murraya koenigii (“Karapincha”), Pandanus amaryllifolius (“Rampe”), Vitex negundo (“Nika”), Pavetta indica (“Pavatta”) and Croton aromaticus (“Wel keppetiya”) on adult mortality, oviposition, and progeny development of C. maculatus. Plant leaves were tested in both fresh form and powdered form. The plant leaves were mixed with cowpea seeds to have two concentrations followed by the introduction of 5 pairs of C. maculatus adults. The maximum adult mortality, minimum oviposition and the minimum progeny development were observed when the cowpea seeds were treated with C. aromaticus leaves. The mortality increased to 100% when the seeds were treated with the combination of C. aromaticus – P. amaryllifolius – V. negundo (WPN) plant leaf powders. This study suggests that fresh plant leaves or plant leaf powder of C. aromaticus can be used against C. maculatus to protect cowpea seeds in storage.
“At Every Turn”: The Resistance that Principals Face in Their Pursuit of Equity and Justice

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article details the struggles that principals faced as they sought to enact an equity-oriented agenda. Utilizing a qualitative approach combined with principles of autoethnography, seven urban principals described the resistance they faced “at every turn” in their pursuit of equity and social justice. This resistance was produced by such factors as the scope of the principalship, the momentum of the status quo, obstructive staff attitudes and beliefs, privileged parental expectations, formidable bureaucracy, unsupportive central-office administrators, prosaic colleagues, a lack of resources, harmful state and federal regulations, and principal preparation. These leaders also explained the physical and emotional toll they experienced as a result of facing this resistance.
Identification of aberrant chromosomes on the basis of morphometry of synaptonemal complexes in the sterile male mouse

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The results of an investigation of the synaptonemal complexes (SCs) of spermatocytes of sterile males of the house mouse from the progeny of parents subjected to the action of a mutagen are presented in this study. A nonreciprocal translocation was readily identified by the configuration of the SCs. The translocation was observed at pachytene in 100% of cells; at diakinesis-metaphase I, in 58% of cells. A different pattern of association of the X chromosome with the rearrangement region was found in pachytene spermatocytes. Computer analysis of the relative lengths of the synaptonemal complex during the pachytene stage permitted the determination that the translocation took place from the 4th autosome to the 16th. The translocated segment was 66-75% of chromosome 4. In chromosome 16 the point of rupture is close to the distal end, and it was not possible to find the broken-off telomeric fragment of this chromosome in the male under study.
IMPLEMENTASI PROGRAM PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT DI BIDANG KEHUTANAN DI KECAMATAN SEBULU KABUPATEN KUTAI KARTANEGARA

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this study is to describe and analyze the implementation of societal empowerment in forestry at Sebulu district Kutai Kartanegara regency as well as factors that hindering it. The result shows that the implantation of the program is still not optimal. One if the main thing influenced the program is the inactivity of local forestry stakeholders in supporting the societal forestry empowerment..
Open Access Evaluation of Improvement in Quality of Life and Physical Activity After Total Knee Arthroplasty in Greek Elderly Women

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract: Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in quality of life of patients after total knee arthroplasty and to assess the changes in physical activity by using a self-reported questionnaire and by counting the number of steps 3-6 months after post-operatively. Methods: Included were fifty two elderly women (age 72.6±65.9 years, mean±SD) with knee osteoarthritis undergoing primary knee arthroplasty. Health-related quality of life, physical activity, pain and function and the number of steps were assessed before, 3 and 6 months post-operatively. We used the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form (SF-36), the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE) and the pedometer SW200 Digiwalker of Yamax. Results: Patients showed a significant improvement (p&lt; 0.01, �2 =0.22) in health–related quality of life, particularly in physical function, (p&lt;0.001) body pain (p&lt; 0.001) and vitality scale (p&lt; 0.001) of SF-36 at 3 and 6 months after the procedure. Physical activity (PASE score) increased at 3 and 6 months after arthroplasty (p&lt; 0.001, �2 =0.74), and the number of steps increased 6 months after, compared to the assessment that took place 3 months after operation (p&lt; 0.001). Conclusions: Our results suggest that total knee arthroplasty leads to a gradual improvement in quality of life of elderly patients over the first 6 post-operative months. Keywords: Knee osteoarthritis, older adults, pedometers, PASE, SF-36, total knee arthroplasty.
Effect of Timing of Endoscopy on Patient Outcomes

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Hematemesis and Dysphagia related to luminal obstruction are two common reasons requiring emergent endoscopy. This occurs either in the Emergency Department (ED) or in the intensive care unit (ICU). We performed a retrospective analysis and assessed the timing of esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) and how it correlated with patient outcomes in terms of morbidity and mortality, transfusion requirements, intubation requirements, and hospital length of stay (LOS). Methods: 97 consecutive patients on the ICU and 48 patients in ED that underwent 112 and 51 upper endoscopies, respectively, between the period of 01/2016 and 03/2018 at a tertiary care University Teaching Hospital was utilized for study. Data collection was retrospective using electronic medical records and endoscopy software. Glasgow Blatchford score was used as a risk stratification tool for the bleeders. Results: Final diagnosis included varices (28%), dysphagia (24%), and ulcers (18%). 86% of EGDs performed within 12 hours of arrival compared to 77% performed in 12-24 hours resulted in resolution with the initial intervention. Despite the need for a second intervention, 95% had complete resolution with endoscopic management. Outcomes were similar regardless of the time the procedure was done. Average LOS was 13 days in 12 hours group and 18 days in 12-24 hours group. 7 deaths occurred, all in the ICU patients, mostly due to multiorgan failure, of which 5 patients were DNR. Limitation of this study in addition to being retrospective includes small numbers and lack of randomization. Conclusion: EGD done within 12 hours of presentation did reveal a reduction in the length of hospital stay. We did not notice significant difference in outcomes between the two groups<./p>523 Figure 1 No Caption available.
ChemInform Abstract: A Simple Preparation of a Functionalized Diimine Ligand: 2‐(2‐Pyridyl)‐ 4‐carboxyquinoline (III).

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
An autoradiographic analysis of postnatal cell proliferation in the normal and degenerative mouse retina

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract Light microscopic autoradiography, following injection of tritiated thymidine, was used to study the postnatal development of cells in the inner nuclear layer (INL) of the normal and rd (C57BL/6J‐ rd le ) mouse retina. Specific attempts were made to determine whether some bipolar cell degeneration occurs in conjunction with previously noted photoreceptor cell degeneration in the retina of the mutant ( rd ) mouse. A differential count of cell types in the INL of both the central and peripheral retina indicates that the same ratio of bipolar cells to Müller cells (3:1) exists in the normal and the rd retina during postnatal development. The density of cells in the INL was similar in both groups during development and similar decreases in width of the INL occurred in the normal and rd mouse during maturation. In addition, autoradiographic analysis of the proliferation of postnatally forming bipolar cells suggested that the rd gene is not lethal to the bipolar cell population which forms after birth. The labeling index (percent labeled cells) in the INL, determined as a function of the date of 3 H‐thymidine injection and assessed in the mature retina (day 41), was similar in both mice. Analysis of the number of silver grains/nucleus presented a more complete picture of how the progenitor pool of cells contributes to the cell types formed postnatally in the retinas of both mice. The conclusion that bipolar cell death does not occur to any significant degree in the retina of the rd also suggests that transneuronal degeneration does not occur in the retina of the mutant mouse during the period (up to day 41) when most of the photoreceptor cells die. The observation in both groups of mice that cell density remains constant between postnatal day 14 and day 41, while the width of the INL changes tremendously, suggests that there is a significant redistribution of cells during growth of the eyeball and/or cell death which occurs in all cell types found in the INL in both the normal and mutant mouse.
Single-particle dynamics in the vicinity of the Mott-Hubbard metal-to-insulator transition

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The single-particle dynamics close to a metal-to-insulator transition induced\nby strong repulsive interaction between the electrons is investigated. The\nsystem is described by a half-filled Hubbard model which is treated by dynamic\nmean-field theory evaluated by high-resolution dynamic density-matrix\nrenormalization. We provide theoretical spectra with momentum resolution which\nfacilitate the comparison to photoelectron spectroscopy.\n
[Investigations on the fatty acid composition of lipids from Salmonella minnesota S and R forms (author's transl)].

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Non-covalently bound lipids were extracted from 2 Salmonella minnesota S forms and 5 R mutants (chemotype Ra-Re) isolated from these strains. The lipids were subsequently analysed with regard to fatty acid composition. The extracts were free of lipid A, as determined by absence of beta-hydroxymyristic acid. The fatty acid distribution in the lipids of the two S forms, cultivated at 37 degrees C to the beginning of the stationary phase of growth, agreed very closely, and the values corresponded to those reported in the literature for S. typhimurium. In contrast, there was a progressive reduction in the content of C17- and C19-cyclopropane fatty acids, going from Ra-Rc mutants. The total cyclopropane fatty acids decreased from approximately 30% (Ra) to approximately 7% (Rc). The lipids from the Rd1 and the Re mutants had a fatty acid composition identical to that of the Rc mutant. The decrease in cyclopropane fatty acid content was compensated for in all strains by an increase in the corresponding unsaturated fatty acids (16:1; 18:1). Variations in the incubation temperature (30, 37, 41 degrees C) affected the ratio of the single fatty acids as determined for the Ra, Rc and Re mutants. The content of unsaturated fatty acids increased with the reduction in temperature, while the proportion of cyclopropane fatty acids decreased (stationary growth phase). These changes were much more pronounced with the Ra mutant than with the Rc and the Re mutants. The differences among the mutants with regard to fatty acid distribution were apparent at all temperature levels. In addition, the fatty acid composition of the lipids varied with the phase of growth, as already reported for E. coli and other gram-negative organisms. The content of cyclopropane fatty acids increased from the exponential to the stationary phases, with simultaneous reduction in the proportion of corresponding unsaturated fatty acids. Again, the lipid composition of the Ra mutant varied to a greater extent than did that of the Rc and the Re mutants. Similar changes appeared in the phosphatidyl ethanolamine fractions of the three mutants. There were also changes in the neutral lipids that agreed in part with those of the total lipids. The cause of the reduced cyclopropane fatty acid synthesis in S. minnesota R mutants possessing an incomplete LPS-core structure (Rb2-Re) is at present unknown. The physiological significance of these findings as well remains for the moment speculative, as the functional role of cyclopropane fatty acids in biological membranes has not yet been elucidated. Possible relations to membrane permeability and to transfer of antibiotics are discussed.
Diffeomorphisms as quadratic charges in 4d BF theory and related TQFTs

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We present a Sugawara-type construction for boundary charges in 4d BF theory and in a general family of related TQFTs. Starting from the underlying current Lie algebra of boundary symmetries, this gives rise to well-defined quadratic charges forming an algebra of vector fields. In the case of 3d BF theory (i.e. 3d gravity), it was shown in [PRD 106 (2022), arXiv:2012.05263 [hep-th]] that this construction leads to a two-dimensional family of diffeomorphism charges which satisfy a certain modular duality. Here we show that adapting this construction to 4d BF theory first requires to split the underlying gauge algebra. Surprisingly, the space of well-defined quadratic generators can then be shown to be once again two-dimensional. In the case of tangential vector fields, this canonically endows 4d BF theory with a $\mathrm{diff}(S^2)\times\mathrm{diff}(S^2)$ or $\mathrm{diff}(S^2)\ltimes\mathrm{vect}(S^2)_\mathrm{ab}$ algebra of boundary symmetries depending on the gauge algebra. The prospect is to then understand how this can be reduced to a gravitational symmetry algebra by imposing Plebański simplicity constraints.
Comparison of diagnostic accuracy of dual-source CT and conventional angiography in detecting congenital heart diseases

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

DSCT is a highly accurate diagnostic modality for congenital heart diseases, obviating the need for invasive modalities. Beside its noninvasive nature, the advantage of DSCT over the angiography is its ability to provide detailed anatomical information about the heart, vessels, lungs and intraabdominal organs.
Investigating student's second language writing anxiety : a case study

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Anxiety is one of the essential factors in Second Language Learning. It plays a significant role in determining students’ performance in the target language, be it positive or negative. Feeling nervous, uncertain or worry while engaging in a target language may cause students to perform poorly in class, and this normally results in getting poor grades in their examination; and this is what students experience in writing class. In relation to this, the study aims to investigate the relationship between students’ anxiety in writing essay tasks in English and their choice to do the writing task, and also, the effects of this anxiety to their choice to do writing task in the English Language. A group of students doing Level 3 Reading and Writing in English (RWE) in Universiti Malaysia Sabah were asked to answer Second Language Writing Anxiety Inventory (SLAWAI). \n