jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Food law enforcement in the EU : Administrative and private systems

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In the food law sector, enforcement power is held at national level. However, the European Union has detailed several requirements to which Member States must comply. Enforcement of food law, as understood in the General Food Law, involves monitoring and verification of compliance by food business operators with the relevant requirements of food law. Member States are overall responsible for the direct enforcement of food law and for the performance of official controls. This includes the power to establish measures and sanctions in case of non-compliances. The legal framework has developed and has changed over the years. Also food related problems may give raise to new issues that require new efforts to find new solutions. These may result in ex-post solutions: strengthen administrative enforcement, intensified, risk based and more effective official controls. However, also an ex ante approach should be taken into consideration to prevent non-compliances. In this domain, both public and private tools, next to an effective administrative enforcement system, may effectively be used and adapted to the complex and ever-changing food system.
CONSTRUCT AND CONVERGENT VALIDITY OF THE PHYSICAL ACTIVITY QUESTIONNAIRE FOR OLDER CHILDREN (PAQ-C) 610

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This research assessed the construct and convergent validity of the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children (PAQ-C), a seven day self-report recall of moderate to vigorous physical activity levels (Crocker, Bailey, Faulkner, Kowalski, & McGrath, 1995). The PAQ-C produces a summary score ranging from 1(low) to 5(high). Subjects were 109 elementary school students (9 to 14 yrs; m=11.3 yrs) assessed in classrooms. On day one, the PAQ-C was administered, followed by an Activity Rating (AR: Sallis et al., 1988). Godin and Shephard's (1985) Leisure Time Exercise Questionnaire (LTEQ), and the children's step-test of fitness (CHFT; Bailey & Mirwald, 1978). A Caltrac motion sensor (activity counts) was worn for the following seven days, followed by the administration of the Physical Activity Recall interview (PAR; Sallis et al., 1985). Correlations were as followsTable The findings provide moderate support for the validity of the PAQ-C.
Adding Annotations

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

A very useful part of Java is its support for annotations, which are used to define what is sometimes referred to as metadata. To understand what benefits this feature provides, it's helpful to first realize that the definition of metadata is "data about data." In other words, metadata is information that describes other data. An example of where metadata has long been used in Java is the java.sql package that contains DatabaseMetaData, ResultSetMetaData, and the relatively new ParameterMetaData interfaces. As implied by the definition just mentioned and by their names, these classes encapsulate data that describes a database, a ResultSet, and parameter information, respectively. For example, ResultSetMetaData allows you to find out how many columns are represented within a ResultSet, the data types associated with those columns, and so on.
Evaluation of kinetics adsorption models from Lampung ethnic textile industry wastewater for removal chromium onto modified activated sludge and zeolite adsorbent

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The aim of this study to evaluate fifteen kinetic models by fitting the adsorption of chromium experimental data from aqueous solution on modified adsorbent from activated sludge and natural zeolite. All the fifteen kinetic models parameter were determined and ranked by sum of square errors (SSE). The results showed that intra-particle diffusion, power, Bangham, fractal exponential, fractal mixed 1.2 order, first order, fractal-like pseudo first order, fractal-like second order have a good fit to experimental data as their values of SSE 0.00057, 0.000617, 0.000617, 0.000621, 0.000624, 0.000639, 0.000639 and 0.000653 respectively. However the larger value of SSE was obtained for the pseudo first order, the pseudo second order, Avrami, exponential, Boyd, and mixed 1,2 model as their values of 0.002085, 0.001204, 0.002085, 0.00155, 0.004273, 0.00121
[The effect of salbutamol on histamine release from basophils in vivo and in vitro].

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

In vivo and in vitro basophil histamine release inhibition by salbutamol was investigated in patients with bronchial asthma. The study involved 14 patients in stable period of the disease: FEV1 = 66-84% of the normal values. Histamine release was determined following an incubation of the isolated basophils with concanavalin A (Sigma Co., USA) or specific allergens (dust, grass pollens, mites; Bencard, UK). Histamine was assayed with isotope-enzymatic technique according to Shaff and Beaven with histamine N-methyltransferase. Salbutamol administered intravenously in the dose of 1 mg inhibited allergen-induced histamine release from the basophils isolated from patient's blood within 30 minutes. Salbutamol in the concentration of 8 X 10(-6) M inhibited in vitro histamine release induced by an allergen and concanavalin A.
Prevention of Infection with Neisseria meningitidis and Haemophilus influenzae Type b

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

MENINGOCOCCAL DISEASE Background Since the first description by Vieusseux in 1805 of an epidemic of cerebrospinal fever, physicians have been aware of the potential for spread of meningococcal disease. Numerous studies of military recruits in the United States documented conclusively nasopharyngeal acquisition of Neisseria meningitidis during the course of their basic training. In the military setting, attack rates as high as 46% have been reported for exposed susceptible individuals. In the United States, endemic meningococcal disease occurs in 3,000 to 5,000 persons yearly. Secondary cases occur with a frequency of 0.4% in the first month following disease in the index case. The risk to household contacts is approximately 2.2/1,000/yr; this risk is greatest in the week after the onset of illness in the index case but remains in excess of the endemic disease rate for at least 1 month. The risk of secondary meningococcal disease in household contacts (adults and children) of an index case is 1,000 times greater than that for the population as a whole. Carriage Versus Invasive Disease Household contacts, day care center contacts, and bunk mates (military installations) of an index case frequently are noted to have an increased rate of carriage of N meningitidis in the nasopharynx. It has been noted repeatedly that when the carriage rate of N meningitidis is high, invasive disease is more likely to occur.
The total testing process and its implications for laboratory administration and education.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The Total Testing Process is a multistep process that begins and ends with the needs of the patient. Identifying the many steps in the Total Testing Process and planning and using an interdisciplinary team to begin a coordinated effort will improve the process and offer optimal patient care. Communication among departments and developing interdepartmental guidelines will improve the use, sampling, performance, and interpretation of health assessment procedures. A commitment to the continuous improvement of patient assessment will require the participation of numerous health professionals. It is time for every institution to bring individuals together, collectively identify solutions, implement an improvement plan, and evaluate the effectiveness of their efforts using outcome measures that both directly and indirectly relate to improved patient care. Doing it right the first time will benefit the patient and conserve our limited health-care dollars.
11 Isabel Allende (1942– )

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Isabel Allende (1942–) is, of course, a flesh-and-blood writer, but she is also very much a phenomenon. There are two moments and two books which mark her launch and re-launch as a literary sensation. The first is 1982 and the publication of her first novel La casa de los espiritus [ The House of the Spirits ]. The novel was an instant and huge success. Though initially circulated clandestinely in Allende's native Chile (then under military rule), it became a massive international bestseller, was translated into around thirty languages and later made into a film with a star-studded cast (1994). Allende came to be seen as the first major woman writer from Latin America to hit the international big time and to challenge the perceived male dominance of Latin American letters in the wake of the so-called Boom of the New Novel. Moreover, her challenge was also seen to be against the supposed elitism of male Boom narrative: her success in academic circles was matched, and indeed overtaken, by her popularity in the mass market amongst ordinary readers. In a sense, she was able to claim a kind of widespread impact that no other Latin American author had ever really achieved. However, though she remained very successful, her follow-up novels did not have quite the impact of La casa de los espiritus . Moreover, her daughter Paula contracted porphyria in Madrid in 1991 and went into a lengthy coma until her tragic death the following year.
The Adman in the Parlor

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract This book explores a reader's interactions with advertising during a period when not only consumption but advertising itself became established as a pleasure. The book argues that participation in advertising, rather than top-down dictation by advertisers, made advertising a central part of American culture. It tracks new forms of fictional realism that contained brand name references, courtship stories, and other fictional forms. As magazines became dependant on advertising rather than sales for their revenues, women's magazines led the way in making consumers of readers through the interplay of fiction, editorials, and advertising. The book takes the bicycle as a case study. At once invisible, familiar, and intrusive, advertising both shaped fiction of the period and was shaped by it. The book unearths the lively conversations among writers and advertisers about the new prevalence of advertising for mass-produced nationally distributed products.
EVALUATING THE IMPACT OF A SOCIAL INTERVENTION ON PSYCHOLOGICAL OUTCOMES FOR PEOPLE WITH DEMENTIA

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Arts-based interventions for person’s with dementia (PwD) and their caregivers represent an inexpensive non-pharmacological intervention with the potential to reduce healthcare costs and improve quality of life. This study explores the impact of participation in a community-based intergenerational choir on changes in psychological function for those with dementia and their caregivers. Participants engaged in the social-cognitive choir intervention on a weekly basis, with a range of outcomes (e.g., cognition, mood, quality of life, physiological function) assessed on up to 5 occasions spanning a 6- to 8-month period. This novel intensive measurement burst design will facilitate both between- and within-person analyses, including nuanced evaluation of whether psychological function improves post intervention relative to an individual’s personal average, yielding a conservative within-person test of the benefits of intervention. Discussion will focus on the promise of such interventions for mitigating AD symptoms and facilitating the psychological health of caregivers.
NARCOLEPSY—A SYMPTOM COMPLEX

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

There are two symptoms which characterize narcolepsy: (1) The patient has a tendency to go to sleep at frequent intervals through the day, the attacks of drowsiness often coming on at most inopportune times (while talking, walking, working or eating) and the desire to sleep being irrepressible; (2) the patient may find that any emotion causes a feeling of generalized weakness, so that his knees may give way under him and allow him to fall (the kataplektische Hemmung of Henneberg, 1 the Lachschlag of Oppenheim, 2 the affektiver Tonusverlust of Redlich 3 ). Perrier 4 described one patient, a soldier, who went to sleep on guard, and Spiller 5 tells of one of his patients, a fireman on a locomotive, who went to sleep while holding on to the grabirons of a train said to be moving at a speed of about 70 miles an hour. The sleep of a narcoleptic
Managing pregnancy sickness and hyperemesis gravidarum.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The causes of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy are still not clearly understood, nor is there one simple, effective treatment. Nausea and vomiting do not appear to be associated with fetal morbidity, malnutrition or death. Carbohydrate-rich snacks at frequent intervals seem to provide relief. Health education on healthy sandwiches and snacks should be given. Hyperemesis gravidarum-severe vomiting in pregnancy-requires management in hospital to restore electrolyte balance and prevent severe dehydration.
The knowledge of binding principles in early child grammar: Experimental evidence from 30-month-old toddlers

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

We investigated toddlers' understanding of the hierarchical syntactic configurations that constrain the referential meanings of reflexives and pronouns. In particular, reflexives must co-refer with the c-commanding antecedent within the local domain (Principle A) (e.g., Hei washes himselfi. Johni knows that Billj likes himselfj.), and pronoun reference must be disjoint from its local c-commanding antecedent (Principle B) (e.g., Hei washes himj. Johni knows that Billj likes himi.). French-learning 30-month-olds participated in an eye-tracker task. In Experiment 1 each trial presented a simple sentence containing a reflexive or a pronoun and a target verb (e.g., Ili sei/lej lave. "hei washes himselfi/himj"), while displaying side-by-side pictures depicting self- directed versus other-directed actions of the target verb. Experiment 2 tested the locality conditions of the principles using complex sentences, with the target verb and the reflexive/pronoun appearing in the embedded clause (e.g., Le bébéi voit que le papaj sej/lei lave. "The babyi sees that the dadj washes himselfj/himi"); the pictures were those of Experiment 1, with the patient of the verb being the local antecedent in the embedded clause versus the non-local antecedent in the matrix-clause. Experiment 3 tested the c-commanding requirements of the principles with sentences containing a complex subject, a reflexive/pronoun and a target verb (e.g., Le bébéi du papaj sei/lej lave. "The babyi of the dadj washes himselfi/himj"). In the pictures the patient was the linearly farther versus closer antecedent. Eye-gazes to action images showed adult-like interpretations across sentential structures, demonstrating that binding principles are in child grammar during age two.
The Rise and Fall of the Semicolon: English Punctuation Theory and English Teaching Practice

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Descriptions of English punctuation in modern instruction manuals offer elaborate descriptions of the properties of each mark in the system, but rarely note their relative frequency As a result, analysts tend to overstate the role of intermediate marks In response, this study reviews the four hundred year evolution of semicolon use in one genre of English It presents evidence that after flourishing in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, the semicolon may have become a marginal component of the English punctuation system In order for this evolution to be reflected in teaching practice, both writers and instructors need to rely not on conventionalized theories but on descriptions of punctuation practice in naturally-occurnng texts
Unmet Needs in Clinical Practice: A Proposal and Application of A Diagnostic and Severity Scale to Grade Cerebellar Mutism Syndrome

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract BACKGROUND: The post-operative Pediatric Cerebellar Mutism Syndrome (CMS) affects about one-third of children and adolescents following surgical removal of a posterior fossa tumor (PFT). According to the Posterior Fossa Society consensus working definition, CMS is characterized by delayed onset mutism/reduced speech and emotional lability after cerebellar or 4th ventricle tumor surgery in children, with additional common features that include hypotonia and oropharyngeal dysfunction/dysphagia. The main objective of this work was to propose a diagnostic scale to grade CMS duration and severity. METHOD: Thirty consecutive subjects, aged 1-17 years (median 8 years, IQR 7) were evaluated with the proposed Post-Operative Pediatric CMS Survey after surgical resection of a PFT and, in cases of CMS, for the next 30 days after the onset (T 0 ) or until symptom remission. At day 30 th (T 1 ), CMS was classified into mild, moderate, or severe according to the proposed Scale. RESULTS: CMS occurred in 13 patients (43.3%, 95% C.I.: 25.5-62.6%), with mild severity in 4 cases (31%), moderate in 4 (31%), and severe in 5 (38%). At T 1 , longer symptom persistence was associated with greater severity (p=0.01). Greater severity at T 0 predicted greater severity at T 1 (p=0.0001). Children with a midline tumor location and those aged under 5 years at diagnosis were at higher risk of CMS (p=0.025 and p=0.008, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The proposed scale is a simple and applicable tool for estimating the severity of CMS at its onset, monitoring its course over time, and providing an early prognostic stratification to guide treatment decisions.
Aesthetic and Functional Genital and Perineal Surgery: Female

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We are living in an age of elevating patient demands and increased awareness of self-aesthetics, particularly related to one's genitalia. It is our intent in putting together this very comprehensive issue of aesthetic and functional genital and perineal surgery issue for Seminars in Plastic Surgery to more critically and scientifically address many of the procedures that are performed in this sensitive area of the body. The collaborative experience of many varied surgical and nonsurgical specialties was essential to provide the latest and most comprehensive guide to surgery in the genital and perineal region.
Aeromonas australiensis sp. nov., isolated from irrigation water

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

A Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic bacillus, designated strain 266 T , was isolated from an irrigation water system in the south-west of Western Australia. Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence confirmed that strain 266 T belonged to the genus Aeromonas , with the nearest species being Aeromonas fluvialis (99.6 % similarity to the type strain, with 6 nucleotide differences) followed by Aeromonas veronii and Aeromonas allosaccharophila (both 99.5 %). Analysis of gyrB and rpoD sequences suggested that strain 266 T formed a phylogenetic line independent of other species in the genus. This was confirmed using the concatenated sequences of six housekeeping genes ( gyrB , rpoD , recA , dnaJ , gyrA and dnaX ) that also indicated that A. veronii and A. allosaccharophila were the nearest relatives. DNA–DNA reassociation experiments and phenotypic analysis further supported the conclusion that strain 266 T represents a novel species, for which the name Aeromonas australiensis sp. nov. is proposed, with type strain 266 T ( = CECT 8023 T = LMG 2670 T ).
Factors responsible for remote-frequency masking in children and adults

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Susceptibility to remote-frequency masking in children and adults was evaluated with respect to three stimulus features: (1) masker bandwidth, (2) spectral separation of the signal and masker, and (3) gated versus continuous masker presentation. Listeners were 4- to 6-year-olds, 7- to 10-year-olds, and adults. Detection thresholds for a 500-ms, 2000-Hz signal were estimated in quiet or presented with a band of noise in one of four frequency regions: 425–500 Hz, 4000–4075 Hz, 8000–8075 Hz, or 4000–10 000 Hz. In experiment 1, maskers were gated on in each 500-ms interval of a three-interval, forced-choice adaptive procedure. Masking was observed for all ages in all maskers, but the greatest masking was observed for the 4000–4075 Hz masker. These findings suggest that signal/masker spectral proximity plays an important role in remote-frequency masking, even when peripheral excitation associated with the signal and masker does not overlap. Younger children tended to have more masking than older children or adults, consistent with a reduced ability to segregate simultaneous sounds and/or listen in a frequency-selective manner. In experiment 2, detection thresholds were estimated in the same noises, but maskers were presented continuously. Masking was reduced for all ages relative to gated conditions, suggesting improved segregation and/or frequency-selective listening.
Back-scatter based whispering gallery mode sensing

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Whispering gallery mode biosensors allow selective unlabelled detection of single proteins and, combined with quantum limited sensitivity, the possibility for noninvasive realtime observation of motor molecule motion. However, to date technical noise sources, most particularly low frequency laser noise, have constrained such applications. Here we introduce a new technique for whispering gallery mode sensing based on direct detection of back-scattered light. This experimentally straightforward technique is immune to frequency noise in principle, and further, acts to suppress thermorefractive noise. We demonstrate 27 dB of frequency noise suppression, eliminating frequency noise as a source of sensitivity degradation and allowing an absolute frequency shift sensitivity of 76 kHz. Our results open a new pathway towards single molecule biophysics experiments and ultrasensitive biosensors.
Chromatograms: Rapid multilocus adaptation of clonal cabbage leaf curl virus populations to Arabidopsis thaliana

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Sei-0 and Col-0 Arabidopsis thaliana plants were inoculated with WT and mutant cabbage leaf curl virus and PCR amplicons targeting the Rep gene region were Sanger-sequenced, as documented (Hoyer et al. 2022).
Agrobiodiversity management in traditional high mountain orchard: Totoro indigenous reservation, Cauca - Colombia

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract The present work has the objective of documenting the diversity of species and crops and how these are managed and interchanged among different ecological floors through the traditional orchard in the context of the indigenous community of Totoro based on the conceptual-methodological elements of ethnobiology, as the scientific framework that studies the relations plants-humans and the different ways of handling plant resources in traditional agricultural systems (HERNANDEZ X., 1985) and the analysis of social media (JANSSEN et al., 2006). For this purpose, a design of qualitative analysis methods with ethnographic and ethnobotanical tools is performed. Following results stand out the description of the handling and complementary interchange among ecological floors of 68 plant species in traditional orchards; which allowed to identify which traditional orchards are key for the articulation of the networks for the interchange of knowledge, practices and vegetal material through the principles of reciprocity, redistribution and family relationships.