jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Articular manifestations of connective tissue dysplasia in students

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

В конце 80-х годов ХХ века R. Beighton предложил обозначать патологию соединительной ткани, проявляющуюся снижением ее прочности, термином «дисплазия» [7].Под дисплазией соединительной ткани (ДСТ) понимают нарушение развития соединительной ткани в эмбриональном и постнатальном периодах вследствие генетически обусловленных изменений процесса образования внеклеточного матрикса.Нарушения соединительной ткани нередко имеют прогредиентное течение, лежат в основе формирования разнооб-разной соматической патологии и могут являться основой формирования хронических заболеваний.Из числа выпускников средней школы лишь 16 % могут считаться абсолютно здоровыми, у 35-40 % из них имеются хронические заболевания, у 45-50 %различные морфофункциональные отклонения, в том числе обусловленные недифференцированной ДСТ, чаще всего манифестирующей в детском и юношеском возрасте [3].
Solitonics with Polyacetylenes

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Polyacetylene molecular wires have attracted a long-standing interest for the past 40 years. From a fundamental perspective, there are two main reasons for the interest. First, polyacetylenes are a prime realization of a one-dimensional topological insulator. Second, long molecules support freely propagating topological domain-wall states, so-called "solitons," which provide an early paradigm for spin-charge separation. Because of recent experimental developments, individual polyacetylene chains can now be synthesized on substrates. Motivated by this breakthrough, we here propose a novel way for chemically supported soliton design in these systems. We demonstrate how to control the soliton position and how to read it out via external means. Also, we show how extra soliton-antisoliton pairs arise when applying a moderate static electric field. We thus make a step toward functionality of electronic devices based on soliton manipulation, that is, "solitonics".
How auditory and visual prosody is used in end-of-utterance detection

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

In this paper, we describe a series of perception studies using visual and auditory cues to end-of-utterance.Fragments were taken from a recorded interview session, consisting of the parts in which speakers provided answers.Final and non-final parts of these fragments were used, varying in length.The subjects had to assess whether the speaker had finished his or her turn, based upon these fragments.The fragments were presented in 3 modalities: either a bimodal presentation mode (both auditory and visually), or in only the auditory or the visual mode.Results show that the audio-visual condition evoked the highest proportion of correct classifications and the auditory condition the lowest.Thus, the combination of modalities clearly works best.Also, non-final fragments are classified better than final ones, and longer fragments are classified better than short ones.It furthermore appears that these factors are different for different modalities: longer fragments are better classified in the auditory modality, while for short fragments the visual modality works better.This suggests that people may make more use of global cues in the auditory modality, while for the visual modality local cues are sufficient.
Capacity analysis for up to date “fading distributions and combining techniques” a review

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Today's enhancement of wireless communication is based on the integration of various application, needs more and more data rate. Only measure of the data rate is the channel capacity. Numerous research papers have been presented in the literature for analysis of the channel capacity. Based on PDF/MGF/CDF for the different fading channel. Contribution of our work is to review all the research papers related to capacity with diversity and without diversity followed by presenting PDF's for the up to date fading channel. Moreover, we have presented the various capacities for the different adaption policies namely, optimal power and rate adaptation, constant power with optimal rate adaptation, and channel inversion with fixed rate schemes for up to fading distribution. Also, for most of the cases we have given the outage probability for the above mentioned fading channel.
What Makes the Difference in Reading Achievement? Comparisons Between Finland and Shanghai

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Finland and Shanghai are strong performers in the Program for International Student Assessment (PISA). The current study explored the similarities and differences in educational effectiveness between these 2 strong performers. To this end, 14 predictors representing student background and school process characteristics were selected from the PISA 2009 database. The results show that the Finnish educational system is more efficient in transforming given inputs, specially student background characteristics, into reading achievement, while the general condition of the school climate in Shanghai, in terms of value and effect size of the predictors, contributes a large part to its comparative strength in reading achievement. Suggestions for improvement at school and system level are given.
An instance of hermaphroditism in the ribbon fish, Trichiurus lepturus Linnaeus

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

1) Gestrinone and Buserelin intranasal spray are valid treatments for the remission of endometriosis, with "success", "failure" and "clinical recurrence" rates similar after a follow-up of 5 years of initial treatment. 2) The most significant androgenic effect of Gestrinone was the presence of acne. Vascular effects were also considered as very undesirable effects according to the comments of patients. On the contrary, the effects of analogs are generally better tolerated.
The Effect of a 21-Day Dry Immersion on Ponzo and Müller–Lyer Illusions

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

In the course of a 21-day Dry Immersion (DI), we studied the strength of Ponzo and Müller–Lyer visual illusions with the help of verbal response and two variants of the motor response by means of "tracking" (with the presence and absence of visual feedback). The studies were performed with the participation of ten subjects before the start of DI, on the 3rd, 10th, and 20th day of DI, as well as at the end of it. It was shown that DI mainly affects the motor response. Changes in reducing the strength of visual illusions were more pronounced for a more complex motor task performed in the absence of visual feedback. The results are in agreement with the data that we previously obtained under the conditions of a 5-day DI. One of the possible mechanisms of the observed changes in the illusions estimates may be hyperactivation of the dorsal visual pathway due to gravitational unloading.
Contribution of socio-demographic factors in prevalence of soil-transmitted helminth infections among newly arrived laborers in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background Soil-transmitted diseases are caused by intestinal worms transmitted via various routes into the human body resulting in various clinical manifestations. This study aimed to investigate the socio-demographic factors contributing mainly to the prevalence of soil-transmitted helminths (STHs) among newly arrived laborers in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Methods A total of 188 stool specimens were collected and examined macroscopically and microscopically using different techniques. In addition, real-time PCR was used as a molecular tool to detect several STHs. The descriptive analysis was used to evaluate demographic data and categorical variables in association with STHs infection. Results Of all participants, the mean age was 26.08 ± 2.67 years, including 103 females and 85 males. A total of 86 (45.70%) were illiterate, followed by 60 (31.90%) of participants belonging to elementary level. STHs and other intestinal parasites were detected among 35 newly arrived laborers (18.61%). Nineteen cases (10.11%) were infected with STHs, including 15 cases with one STHs (four A. lumbricoides, four N. americanus, four T. trichiura, two S. stercoralis, one A. duodenale ) and four cases with two STHs (two T. trichiura and N. americanus ; one S. stercoralis and A. duodenale ; one T. trichiura and S. stercoralis ). High rates of STHs infection were detected among drivers (11.70%) followed by housemaids (11.20%), but with no significant association to occupation. Higher rates of STHs infection were detected among those used to walk on soil barefoot in their home countries before arriving in Jeddah. Conclusion This study found that none of the newly arrived expatriate laborers in Jeddah was aware of STHs. About 10% of them had infection with one or two STHs, mainly among newly arrived laborers from Asian countries. There is a need for awareness programs and regular screening for STHs and other intestinal parasites among newly arrived expatriate laborers.
In-Situ Monitoring of Strain Distribution of FRP by Rayleigh Scattering-Based Optical Fiber Sensors and Their Applications

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Recently composites have been applied to many engineering fields such as automotives and then cost reduction and improvement of efficiency of the manfacturing process has been considered as key technologies in near future. For the purposes, in-situ and internal monitoring of composites during molding process is very effective. Many smart sensors have been devloped for monitoring flow front of impregnated resin, degree of cure, complex stifness and process-induced strain. Amog these sensors, optical fiber sensors are considered to be promising sensors due to easy embedment, multi-functionality and life-time usability. For example, Fresnel-based sensors can measure degree of cure precisely and FBG ( Fiber Bragg Grating) sensors can be used for measuring strain with high accuracy and stability while these sensors have sensing point and cannot be used for measuring distribution. On the other hand, optical fiber distribution sensors can measure strain and temperature distribution along fiber length. B-OTDR (Brillouin Optical Time Domain Reflectometry) was used for measuring strain distribution of composites during molding. However the typical spacing resolution is a few sub-meters and then the application was limitted to large-scale structures.
UV‐radiation curing chemistry

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

UV‐radiation curing has become a well accepted technology which has found its main applications in the coating industry, the graphic arts and microelectronics. The liquid to solid phase change proceeds within a fraction of a second on intense illumination at ambient temperature. The kinetics of such ultrafast polymerization have been followed in situ by real‐time infrared spectroscopy. This technique proved well suited to assess the performance of the various constituents of a UV‐curable formulation (photoinitiator, monomer, functionalized oligomer) from measurements of the actual polymerization rate and of the final cure extent. The photopolymerization of both radical‐type (acrylates) and cationic type (epoxides, vinyl ethers) monomers has been examined, as well as that of monomer blends. Interpenetrating polymer networks have been synthetized by photocrosslinking of a hybrid acrylate/epoxide system which generates a hard and scratch‐resistant polymer material.
Exploring the Experiences of Adults After Equine Facilitated Psychotherapy (EFP)

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The aim of this phenomenological qualitative study was to capture and understand the essence of the lived experiences of individuals after participating in equine facilitated psychotherapy (EFP). In that the experiences of participants after exposure to EFP have not previously been examined, this study adds to the literature on this innovative therapy. Theoretical viewpoints on animal assisted therapy and solution-focused brief therapy (SFBT) were explored, as well as how the SFBT methodology compares to techniques used in EFP. Using interviews, the study involved capturing participants' experiences by collecting their descriptions of their involvement with EFP, identifying the specific experiences they noted, ascertaining what the participants did with these experiences, and discerning themes or patterns in the interview data. A purposive sample of 10 adults who had participated in EFP participated in interviews, the data from which were analyzed by hand coding. Analysis showed improved quality of life with improvements in overall well-being and in participants' relationships. The findings of this research study may lead to additional research in this area and may promote the establishment of consistent techniques in EFP, proper credentialing of those who use EFP, and applicable regulatory standards. By exploring the lived experiences of individuals who have participated in EFP, providers may be able to delve more deeply into the curative factors that may be at work with this type of therapy.
Pulsed Plasmas for Sputtering Applications

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Pulsed plasmas for sputtering applications have increased in popularity in the past few years. Recently, a new pulsed plasma technique has been introduced to the sputtering world. High power pulsed magnetron sputtering (HPPMS) applies a very large power pulse (up to several megawatts) to the target in a short period of time, which results in a high degree of ionisation of the sputtered species. The ionised species can be used to improve the structure and properties of the deposited film. An experimental power supply was designed and built to learn more about HPPMS. It can produce pulses with peak powers of ≤3 MW with a pulse width of 100–150 μs. The repetition rate for the pulse is from single shot to 500 Hz, and the average delivered power is ≤20 kW. Evidence of the ionisation of the sputtered species is shown with time resolved optical spectroscopy of the plasma. The degree of ionisation is a function of the power. Deposition of very thin, very high density (2.7 g cm 3 ) carbon films by HPPMS is reported. An enabling feature of the power supply is that it can detect and suppress arcs. In addition, the pulsing power supply circuitry prevents the initiation of the arc state in normal operation. At the beginning of the pulse, it transitions directly from the glow to the highly ionised state without accessing the arc regime. SE/500
Functional repeated measures analysis of variance and its application

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

This paper is motivated by medical studies in which the same patients with multiple sclerosis are examined at several successive visits and described by fractional anisotropy tract profiles, which can be represented as functions. Since the observations for each patient are dependent random processes, they follow a repeated measures design for functional data. To compare the results for different visits, we thus consider functional repeated measures analysis of variance. For this purpose, a pointwise test statistic is constructed by adapting the classical test statistic for one-way repeated measures analysis of variance to the functional data framework. By integrating and taking the supremum of the pointwise test statistic, we create two global test statistics. Apart from verifying the general null hypothesis on the equality of mean functions corresponding to different objects, we also propose a simple method for post hoc analysis. We illustrate the finite sample properties of permutation and bootstrap testing procedures in an extensive simulation study. Finally, we analyze a motivating real data example in detail.
GIS-BASED MAPPING OF ESTIMATED FLOOD INUNDATION AREA, GEOMETRICAL ASPECT

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract. A full processing chain for inundation modelling/mapping is implemented in different specialised software like HEC-RAS or Flood Modeller. Alternatively, inundation water level can be estimated separately, and then can be mapped in desktop (universal) Geographic Information System (GIS) software. Last approach can be demanded in a complex already-formed GIS-based mapping processing chains, when inundation area mapping appears only as a step of analysis and mapping technology. This context is usual for cadastral accounting of inundation areas. However, such a processing chain have a lack of computation tools, as currently used desktop GISs (e.g., QGIS, ArcGIS, etc.) capable originally to map only a lake-type inundation areas (certainly, in the case of regular software assembly), while along-the-river inundation should have water surface sloping along the river body. Addressing to the filling the gap of along-the-river inundation mapping in desktop GIS software, we have developed an approach to mapping of river-type inundation area, and implemented it in a test mode to support cadastral accounting of river flood inundation areas. The approach is based upon geometrical modelling of the water surface only, and is not concerned with consideration of hydrogeological conditions and ground water regime. Being simplified, this technique may be rough tool for the cases when hydrogeological aspect have to be respected, however it is simple for implementation and is useful when estimating topography impact only.
Directions of development of research methods in the assessment of leaching of heavy metals from mineral waste

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

There are many test methods to assess the level of the release of heavy metals into the environment from mineral waste materials. Leaching methods can be different depending on the leaching time periods, leaching dynamics, sample preparation method or the pH of the elution medium. In Poland, little attention is paid to the research on the relationship between the leaching of particular heavy metals from mineral wastes and changes in environmental conditions, including the pH of the environment. Tests being carried out abroad have started to pay great attention to the pH-dependent impact of the environment and the liquid being in contact with the material on the degree of leaching contaminants from wastes. The solubility of all metals depends on the value of the pH. Authors of the paper will try to prove that Polish methods of waste characterization is incomplete and inconsistent with opinions prevailing in the global literature. The procedure described in the Polish standards are insufficient to determine the actual level of leaching of heavy metals having regard to the impact of multiple external conditions on the level of leaching of heavy metals. Paper will present a directions of development of research methods in the assessment of leaching of heavy metals from mineral waste.
Institutions and the Market for Annexable Land

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

ABSTRACT The annexation activity of municipalities is studied in a market framework. A sample of 659 municipalities of 25,000 or more population is used to analyze the effects of municipal government structure and annexation statutes on municipal government behavior. Both annexation laws and types of municipal governments are found to be significant determinants of the level of municipal annexation activity. Since some studies indicate that annexation activity affects municipal efficiency, these results have policy implications for state legislators who control the institutions under which municipalities operate.
Interpersonal Psychotherapy Group

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract This chapter considers the use of the interpersonal psychotherapy group (IPT-G) as a scalable solution to the depression epidemic in Zambia and Uganda. It highlights depression as a development problem instead of just a health problem. The World Health Organization (WHO) now recognizes that mental health is linked to each of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). According to the theory of change from StrongMinds, which is a social enterprise and nongovernmental organization that treats African women and adolescents suffering from depression, believes that people cannot achieve the SDGs without prioritizing mental health. The chapter then discusses the integration of depression treatment within the Ugandan government.
Ossification of the spinal ligament. A radiographic reevaluation in Bologna, Italy.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A radiographic reevaluation of cervical spine films of 1,258 adult patients and of thoraco-lumbar spine films of 488 of these was performed at the Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute (Bologne, Italy), in order to detect ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL), the anterior longitudinal ligament (OALL), the yellow ligament (OYL) and the nuchal ligament at the cervical level, and OPLL, OALL and OYL at the thoraco-lumbar level. The incidence of OALL, OYL and ossification of the nuchal ligament corresponded with those previously reported in the literature. Cervical OPLL was found in 1.83%, with a definite prevalence in the 45-64 age group where the figure was 2.83%. This incidence is much higher than that hitherto reported in Caucasians, and is nearly the same as that in Japan. Possible explanations for this discrepancy are proposed.
New tree-infestingCecidophyes, Eriophyes, RhyncaphytoptusandAceriaspecies from Hungary (Acari: Prostigmata: Eriophyoidea)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Author made a regular mite collectings between 1990 and 2003 on ornamental trees and shrubs, on streets, parks, green spaces of housing estates, botanical gardens and private gardens, in various localities of Hungary. During this survey two new tree-infesting Cecidophyes and Eriophyes , a new Rhyncaphytoptus and Aceria species were collected: Cecidophyes siculus n. sp., Cecidophyes sanctiregisladislai n. sp., Eriophyes avaricus n. sp., Eriophyes hunniacus n. sp., Rhyncaphytoptus arpadi n. sp., and Aceria magyarica n. sp. are described and illustrated from Acer pseudoplatanus, Quercus robur and Quercus cerris, Platanus hybrida, Pinus nigra, Quercus robur , respectively.
Rights, Performatives, and Promises in Karl Olivecrona's Legal Theory

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract. Karl Olivecrona (1971) maintains that "right" is a "hollow word," and so also for some other legal terms. "Right," he says, "has no conceptual background." He arrives at this position after an examination of metaphysical and naturalistic accounts, including American legal realism. Some of Olivecrona's arguments will be evaluated here. His position is influenced by Hägerström's theory of legal language, but he argues that Hägerström fails to account for how such terms as "right,""duty," etc. function in legal discourse and why they are useful. A parallel approach is also found in Olivecrona's book The Problem of the Monetary Unit (1957). Olivecrona is left with the problem of how such "hollow" terms function. His explanation is largely psychological. Going beyond J. L. Austin's notion of performatory language, he introduces the idea of performatory imperatives. I propose to submit Olivecrona's approach to a critical examination. It is suggested that had he started from everyday, nonlegal promises and commitments he might well have ended up with a different theory of legal language.
Two Trees in Paradise? A Case Study on the Iconography of the Tree of Knowledge and the Tree of Life in Italian Romanesque Sculpture

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

With its vital character - growing, flowering, extending its roots into the ground, and its branches and leaves to the sky - the tree is a polyvalent metaphor, a suggestive symbol, and an allegorical subject. During the Middle Ages, a number of iconographic schemata were based on the image and structure of the tree, including the Tree of Jesse and the Tree of Virtues and Vices. From the late eleventh century onwards such formulae were increasingly used as devices for organizing knowledge and representing theoretical concepts. Despite the abstraction inherent in these schemata, however, the semantic qualities of trees persist in their usage.