jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A STUDY TO ASSESS THE EFFECT OF NURSING INTERVENTIONS REGARDING INTER COSTAL DRAINAGE CARE IN A VIEW TO PREPARE A PROTOCOL FOR NURSES

Field: Nursing (Health Sciences)

A descriptive study was done to assess the effect of Nursing Interventions regarding Inter Costal Drainage Care in a view to prepare a protocol for Nurses’ The present study was done by using Survey Method to assess the effect of nursing interventions regarding inter costal drainage care. As per the ‘Dorothy Orem Self Care Deficit’, a conceptual framework was made. Samples were selected from the hospital by Non-Probability Purposive Sampling Method. The sample consisted of 60 patients. The study included demographic variable such as age, gender, duration of hospitalization, previous knowledge about disease condition. And observation check list and numerical pain scale. At the beginning of the research a survey was done and the patients with intercostal drainage care was introduced by the investigator. They were explained about the purpose of the study and were assured the about confidentiality of the information between the investigator and the respondent only. Everyday 10-15 samples were taken by the investigator before data collection the consent was taken from patients. Data was collected and analysed using Descriptive and Inferential Statistics. The level of significance was tested by using paired t-test.\n\n
Impact of Stale Seedbed Production on Seedling Diseases in Cotton

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Cotton production using conservation tillage practices has increased in the past decade. Most studies involving reduced tillage have shown a reduction in plant populations, which has been attributed to seedling diseases. Although most of these studies have focused on no-till production, cotton planted in the mid-south is often planted using stale seedbeds. The objective of this research was to compare the effect of stale seedbed production and conventional tillage with and without in-furrow fungicides on the incidence and severity of seedling diseases. Tillage systems were established in the fall to focus on the effect of tillage on inoculum density and distribution and to minimize differences in the soil environment between tillage treatments. From 1998 to 2001, cotton was planted and seedling disease was evaluated by counting surviving plant populations, estimating stand uniformity, and conducting root and hypocotyl disease indices. Soil populations of Pythium spp. and Rhizoctonia spp. were also estimated. Plant populations were significantly different between tillage treatments in 1998 and between in-furrow treatments in 2000. Skip variables were not different in any year. Soil populations of Rhizoctonia spp. were highly variable and not significantly different among treatments in any year. Populations of Pythium spp. were higher in stale seedbed plots in 2000 and 2001. There were no differences in seed cotton yield in any year. In this study, stale seedbed production increased the incidence and severity of seedling diseases of cotton in only one of four years, but the disease was effectively managed with the application of in-furrow fungicides. These results indicate that the potential for an increase in seedling diseases associated with stale seedbed production is minimal and is not sufficient to overlook the potential benefits of this tillage system.
Determination of Methanol in Alcoholic Beverages by Two-Dimensional Near-Infrared Correlation Spectroscopy

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

An innovative method for the determination of concentration of methanol in white spirit was proposed using two-dimensional near-infrared (NIR) correlation spectroscopy in combination with multivariate calibration. A total of 38 white spirit samples were adulterated with level of methanol varying from 0.1 to 10%. A one-dimensional NIR spectra of all samples were collected. Spectral characteristics of white spirit adulterated with methanol were studied based on one-dimensional NIR spectra and two-dimensional NIR correlation spectra. The origin of 4396 cm−1 peak of methanol was verified in terms of the existence or absence of cross-peaks in synchronous and asynchronous two-dimensional NIR correlation spectra. For comparison, the quantitative analysis models were constructed to determine content of methanol in white spirit using synchronous two-dimensional NIR correlation spectra and traditional one-dimensional NIR spectra, respectively. The prediction statistics criteria for synchronous two-dimensional NIR correlation spectra using N-way partial least squares, average relative error and root mean square error, were 2.97 and 0.064%, respectively. For traditional one-dimensional NIR spectra using partial least squares method, average relative error and root mean square error of prediction were 5.3 and 0.079%, respectively. Comparison results show that the proposed new method has stronger predictive ability and can provide better results than traditional one-dimensional NIR spectra using partial least squares.
Peer Support for Public Safety Personnel in Canada: Towards a Typology

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Public safety personnel (PSP) are frequently exposed to potentially psychologically traumatic events (PPTEs) which can impact mental health. To help mitigate the negative effects of PPTEs, PSP commonly rely on peer support. Peer support generally refers to a wide variety of mental health resources that offer social or emotional assistance to a peer, and in some cases professional assistance. Despite the use of and demand for peer support, there is relatively little empirical evidence regarding effectiveness. The evidence gaps regarding peer support effectiveness may be due, in part, to inadequate guidelines and standards of practice that are publicly supported by a consensus among peer support providers. The current study was designed to explore the current conceptualization and implementation of peer support among Canadian PSP using a document analysis. The results indicate that peer support can be conceptualized via three models (i.e., peer-enabled, peer-led, peer-partnership) and implemented via two delivery methods (i.e., program, service). The research team proposed a novel diagram towards a typology of peer support to highlight the diversity in peer support conceptualization and implementation and provide a foundation for the development of mutually agreed-upon language and a shared framework. Overall, the current study can help inform peer support resources within and beyond PSP communities.
Multisensory integration facilitates perceptual restoration of an interrupted call in a species of frog

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract Communication signals by both human and non-human animals are often interrupted in nature. One advantage of multimodal cues is to maintain the salience of interrupted signals. We studied a frog that naturally can have silent gaps within its call. Using video/audio-playbacks, we presented females with interrupted mating calls with or without a simultaneous dynamic (i.e., inflating and deflating) vocal sac and tested whether multisensory cues (noise and/or dynamic vocal sac) inserted into the gap can compensate an interrupted call. We found that neither inserting white noise into the silent gap of an interrupted call nor displaying the dynamic vocal sac in that same gap restored the attraction of the call equivalent to that of a complete call. Simultaneously presenting a dynamic vocal sac along with noise in the gap, however, compensated the interrupted call, making it as attractive as a complete call. Our results demonstrate that the dynamic visual sac compensates for noise interference. Such novel multisensory integration suggests that multimodal cues can provide insurance against imperfect sender coding in a noisy environment, and the communication benefits to the receiver from multisensory integration may be an important selective force favoring multimodal signal evolution.
Wood development regulators involved in apical growth in Pinus canariensis

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract The shoot apical meristem is responsible of seasonal length increase in plants. In woody plants transition from primary to secondary growth is also produced during seasonal apical growth. These processes are controlled by different families of transcription factors. Levels of transcriptomic activity during apical growth were measured by means of a cDNA microarray designed from sequences related to meristematic activity in Pinus canariensis . The identification of differentially expressed genes was performed using a time‐course analysis. A total of 7170 genes were differentially expressed and grouped in six clusters according to their expression profiles. We identified master regulators, such as WUSCHEL‐like HOMEOBOX (WOX), to be involved in the first stages of apical development, i.e . growth of primary tissues, while other transcription factors, such as Class III HOMEODOMAIN‐LEUCINE ZIPPER (HD‐ZIP III) and KNOTTED‐like (KNOX) and BEL1‐like (BELL) HOMEODOMAIN proteins, were found to be induced during last stages of apical seasonal development, already with secondary growth. Our results reveal the main expression patterns of these genes during apical development and the transition from primary to secondary stem growth. In particular, the regulatory factors identified play key roles in controlling stem architecture and constitute candidate genes for the study of other development processes in conifers.
Application of microorganisms in bioremediation-review

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Bioremediation is a biological mechanism of recycling wastes in to another form that can use and reused by other organisms. Nowadays, the world is facing the problem of different environmental pollution. Microorganisms are essential for a key alternative solution to overcome challenges. Microorganisms are survive in all place on the biospher because of their metabolic activity is astonishing; then come into existence in all over range of environmental conditions. The nutritional capacity of microorganisms is completely varied, so it is used as bioremidation of environmental pollutants. Bioremediation is highly involved in degradation, eradication, immobilization, or detoxification diverse chemical wastes and physical hazardous materials from the surrounding through the all-inclusive and action of microorganisms. The main principle is degrading and transforming pollutants such as hydrocarbons, oil, heavy metal, pesticides, dye’s and so on. That is carried out in enzymatic way through metabolizing, so it have grate contribution role to solve many environmental problems. There are two types of factors these are biotic and abiotic conditions are determine rate of degradation. Currently, different methods and strategies are applied in the area in different part of the world. For example, biostimulation, bioaugementation, bioventing, biopiles and bioattenuation are common one. All bioremidation techniques it has its own advantage and disadvantage because it has its own specific application.
Astrocytes Survive Chronic Infection and Cytopathic Effects of thets1 Mutant of the Retrovirus Moloney Murine Leukemia Virus by Upregulation of Antioxidant Defenses

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT The ts 1 mutant of Moloney murine leukemia virus (MoMuLV) induces a neurodegenerative disease in mice, in which glial cells are infected by the retrovirus but neurons are not. ts 1 infection of primary astrocytes, or of the immortalized astrocytic cell line C1, results in accumulation of the ts 1 gPr80 env envelope protein in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), with ER and oxidative stress. Notably, only about half of the infected astrocytes die in these cultures, while the other half survive, continue to proliferate, and continue to produce virus. To determine how these astrocytes survive ts 1 infection in culture, we established a chronically infected subline of the living cells remaining after the death of all acutely infected cells in an infected C1 cell culture (C1- ts 1-S). We report here that C1- ts 1-S cells proliferate more slowly, produce less virus, show reduced H 2 O 2 levels, increase their uptake of cystine, and maintain higher levels of intracellular GSH and cysteine compared to acutely infected or uninfected C1 cells. C1- ts 1-S cells also upregulate their thiol antioxidant defenses by activation of the transcription factor NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and its target genes. Interestingly, despite maintenance of higher levels of intracellular reduced thiols, C1- ts 1-S cells are more sensitive to cystine deprivation than uninfected C1 cells. We conclude that some ts 1-infected astrocytes survive and adapt to virus-induced oxidative stress by successfully mobilizing their thiol redox defenses.
Quality Control of MRI-based Kidney Volume Estimation in ADPKD patient in clinical practice

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Total kidney volume (TKV) is a critical biomarker for monitoring disease severity in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). TKV is typically measured by manually contouring kidneys on one sequence from abdominal MRI without any quality control. Here we show that by using a deep learning model to measure kidney volume on 5 routinely acquired abdominal MRI sequences, it is possible to apply outlier analysis to find images with acquisition artifacts and to correct or exclude them from TKV estimation. This improves volume measurement consistency among the 5 sequences from 4.3% to 1.3% after quality control.
Tungsten Infused Grain Boundaries Enabling Universal Performance Enhancement of Co-Free Ni-Rich Cathode Materials

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Ni-rich cathode materials suffer from poor capacity retention due to micro-cracking and interfacial reactivity with electrolyte. Addition of tungsten (W) to some Ni-rich materials can improve capacity retention. Here, a WO 3 surface coating is applied on Ni-rich hydroxide precursors before heating with lithium hydroxide. After heating in oxygen, Ni-rich materials with any of the commonly used dopants (magnesium, aluminum, manganese, etc.) show a “universal” improvement in capacity retention. Experimental characterization and theoretical modelling showed W was concentrated in the grain boundaries between the primary grains of secondary particles of the layered oxides, and W is incorporated in amorphous Li x W y O z phases rather than as a substituent in the LiNiO 2 lattice. This self-infusion of W in the grain boundaries during synthesis also significantly restricts primary crystallite grain growth. Along with smaller primary grain size, the Li x W y O z phases in the grain boundaries lead to improved resistance to microcracking and reduced surface or interfacial reactivity. Improving the intrinsic properties of primary grains through doping of Mg, Al, or Mn and reinforcing the secondary particle structure mechanically and chemically using W or a similar element, M, that forms Li x MO y phases and does not substitute into LiNiO 2 is a universal strategy to improve polycrystalline Ni-rich materials.
Post-traumatic dissection of the iliac arteries

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Observation Madame X, âgee de 26 ans, a ete victime d’un accident de la voie publique particulierement violent. L’accident automobile etait un traumatisme frontal. Elle presentait les lesions suivantes : des contusions multiples, une fracture non deplacee du corps vertebral de L3 traitee par un corset d’immobilisation (figure 1), une contusion abdominale avec un hemoperitoine [...]
Bicycle Powered Centrifugal Irrigation Pump, Constant Power Varied Head Experiment

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

I wanted to measure the efficiency of the bicycle irrigation pump for a range of vertical heads, which represents farms with hills or the pressure head from using sprinklers. I also wanted to compare the bicycle pump’s efficiency to an existing human powered pump. In particular, I compared flow measurements to the published results of the Saajhi stepping pump, which is a portable treadle pump made by Xylem, Inc. Procedure: Constant Power, Varied Head The power meter’s readout software6F[1] did not display a live power reading but did display a live cadence reading. Cadence is a proxy for power if the applied torque is constant. To control the input power in this experiment, the pedaler watched the readout of cadence and tried to keep it at a level that would correspond to 100 watts7F[2]. We then took multiple trials (3 to 6 trials) at vertical heads ranging from 1 to 5 meters in increments of 1 meter. We changed the vertical head by moving the outlet hose up a staircase. The vertical head was measured on a staircase using a laser distance meter. In each trial, once the pedaler reached a stable cadence and torque, they would start a timer and simultaneously call out to the person at the outlet of the hose (the “outlet person”) to switch the water flow from filling an auxiliary bucket to filling the measurement bucket. The outlet person would then call out when the measurement bucket was filled to 20 liters, and the pedaler would stop the timer. Thus, I measured input power, height (the independent variable), time, and volume (volume over time describes the flow rate, which was the dependent variable).
[1] The software distributed with the DZero power meter, Qalvin BLE, did not record data. The compatible app that did record data Wahoo Fitness did not display live power readings. [2] The usual case will be that a farmer pedals at a constant sustainable rate which we targeted to be 100 watts (0.13 horsepower). According to Water Lifting Devices, an average adult can maintain an output of over 100 watts for more than an hour.
Comparative analysis of scrollable DICOM images and static CT images in teaching thoracic imaging anatomy to first‐year medical students

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract With advancements in medical education, the integration of innovative and technology‐driven teaching modalities is needed to enhance student learning, particularly in radiology. This study aims to investigate the efficacy of PACSBIN, a cloud‐based picture archiving and communication system (PACS), in teaching first‐year medical students thoracic imaging anatomy, comparing the use of scrollable Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) images to traditional static CT images. A comparative study design was used, involving first‐year medical students from a medical institution. Participants were randomly assigned to two groups: one using traditional static CT images (Group A) and the other using PACSBIN (Group B) for thoracic imaging anatomy education. The study assessed the impact of these teaching modalities on students' understanding of thoracic imaging anatomy through a quiz. Quiz results showed no statistically significant difference in performance between the groups, with Group A (static images) achieving a mean score of 82.61% and Group B (PACSBIN) achieving 83.71%. Our study suggests that both scrollable DICOM images and static CT images can be effective in teaching thoracic imaging anatomy to first‐year medical students. This highlights the importance of considering individual learning styles and incorporating diverse teaching modalities in radiology education.
Machine Learning Applications for Therapeutic Tasks with Genomics Data

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Thanks to the increasing availability of genomics and other biomedical data, many machine learning approaches have been proposed for a wide range of therapeutic discovery and development tasks. In this survey, we review the literature on machine learning applications for genomics through the lens of therapeutic development. We investigate the interplay among genomics, compounds, proteins, electronic health records (EHR), cellular images, and clinical texts. We identify twenty-two machine learning in genomics applications across the entire therapeutics pipeline, from discovering novel targets, personalized medicine, developing gene-editing tools all the way to clinical trials and post-market studies. We also pinpoint seven important challenges in this field with opportunities for expansion and impact. This survey overviews recent research at the intersection of machine learning, genomics, and therapeutic development.
Words that swim between us

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Poet Paul Celan speaks of a poem as ‘a message in a bottle’ washing up on ‘heartland’ (2001: 396). This idea is indeed a poignant one for our times, and for the estrangement as well as strangeness being experienced (at the time of writing) as a result of ‘lockdown’, ‘self-isolation’, and ‘social distancing’. But how can it shape the development of poetries between India and Australia? Celan’s notion has a timelessness and universality, based as it is on an intensely dialogical poetics. As this paper attempts to show, the nuances of this poetics become increasingly pertinent to this exchange between Kolkata-based academic Sharmila Ray, and myself, Perth-based poet Mags Webster. It has been, for me, an exercise in seeking poetic and ontological common ground. I discuss how, prompted by Ray’s epistolatory approach to her home city of Kolkata, I came to interrogate more deeply, in my responses and through my thinking, notions around not only the ‘to whom’ of the poem, but also, and perhaps more importantly for this particular project, the ‘about whom’.
Access to Constructivist and Didactic Teaching: Who Gets It? Where is it Practiced?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Calls for the reform of instruction in U.S. classrooms, particularly in secondary schools, are growing and often strident. Many reformers advocate a move away from traditional, teacher-centered, (didactic) direct instruction, where students are passive receptors of knowledge, toward more student-centered understanding-based (constructivist) teaching that focuses on exploration and experimentation. In this study we investigate the issue of access to these two types of instruction in U.S. high school science classrooms. We use a nationally representative sample of 3,660 students and their science teachers drawn from the first two waves of the National Educational Longitudinal Study (NELS:88). Although didactic instruction is more common among higher–socioeconomic status and female students, constructivist instruction is practiced more often among students of lower ability. Constructivist teaching is also more common in both higher-level science courses (i.e., chemistry) and lower-level courses (i.e., basic biology and physical science). The students of average social and academic status appear to be the forgotten majority with respect to constructivist instruction. We offer explanations for the findings and discuss implications for educational policy and social equity in high school science.
Minimum Word Error Rate Decoding

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

From the theory of Bayesian pattern recognition it is well known that the maximum a posteriori decision criterion yields a recogniser with the minimum probability of assigning the incorrect label to a pattern, if the correct probability distributions are used. This MAP criterion is also routinely employed in automatic speech recognition system. The problem addressed in this thesis is the fact that in a continuous speech recognition task the MAP criterion only guarantees to minimise the sentence error rate, but for many application the by far more relevant error metric is the word error rate.