jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Angioplasty vs bypass surgery in patients with multivessel coronary artery disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

To the Editor.

—The Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation (BARI) Investigators1reported a greater need for additional revascularization procedures among patients who were initially randomized to percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA[52%]), compared with those randomized to coronary artery bypass graft (CABG [6%]), to attain angina-free status at 5 years. However, since the time of randomization of patients in the BARI (which occurred between 1988 and 1991), clinical practice has changed to reflect key new information acquired from more recent clinical trials. Among the most important of these changes is the use of coronary stents, which has revolutionized interventional cardiology. In 1994, 2 randomized trials2,3revealed that using stents reduced the restenosis rate by 30% compared with PTC A. Since these trials, we also have learned more about the appropriate indications for stent placement, including their use for abrupt vessel closure following PTCA4to reduce the need for emergency
Effect of shatavari and vitamin E on hemato-biochemical profile of broilers during the winter season

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Aim: The study was carried out to investigate the effect of shatavari and vitamin E on hemato-biochemical profile of broilers during the winter season. Materials and Methods: For this 120 day old chicks, randomly distributed into six groups were reared up to 6 weeks on standard managemental conditions. The powder of shatavari and vitamin E was added to the basal diet@ 0% and 0 mg/kg feed, 1% and 0 mg/kg feed, 1.5% and 0 mg/kg feed, 0% and 200 mg/kg feed, 1% and 200 mg/kg feed, 1.5% and 200 mg/kg feed in T1 to T6 respectively. Results: The significant (p<0.05) increase in hematological parameters like total erythrocyte counts, hemoglobin, packed cell volume, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular Hb and mean corpuscular Hb concentration in shatavari and vitamin E treated groups than control group. Whereas biochemical parameters like total serum protein, albumin, globin were significantly (p<0.05) higher and cholesterol, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase were significantly (p<0.05) lower in shatavari and vitamin E treated groups than control group. Conclusions: Supplementation of shatavari and vitamin E supplementation removes cold stress and improves immuno status of broilers.
Preparing a Causal Research Design

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract This chapter outlines the principles and practices of preparing a causal research design in qualitative research. It argues that a good causal research design is one that (1) poses a causal research question, (2) identifies what is at stake in answering this question, (3) describes the key concepts and variables, (4) offers a causal hypothesis, (5) accounts for competing explanations, (6) outlines plans for data collection and analysis, (7) plans for contingencies, and (8) discusses why the researcher is the right person to carry out this research. The chapter also considers potential challenges that researchers may encounter in designing and executing causal analyses, including the interrelated nature of the research design decisions and the need for subsequent revisions to the design in the field, and suggests practical steps that researchers can take to address these difficulties and succeed in their research.
Prophylactic Hyperdynamic Postoperative Fluid Therapy after Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Clinical, Prospective, Randomized, Controlled Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In Reply: We thank Dr. Choudhari for his thoughtful comments about our article (1). Cerebral vasospasm after aneurysmal SAH is the most important cause of morbidity and mortality among patients who experience such a hemorrhage, aside from eventual rebleeding and the bleeding itself. Therefore, during the past few decades, great effort has been expended, both clinically and scientifically, to find effective therapeutical measures that are useful in this clinical battlefield. Hypervolemic therapy is now routinely used after aneurysm clipping or coiling at most medical centers on the assumption that this intervention may increase cerebral blood flow, prevent delayed ischemia, and improve clinical outcome (2). Several reports of uncontrolled studies have described the resolution of deficits caused by vasospasm after the elevation of blood pressure, volume expansion, and/or hemodilution with improved outcome relative to vasospasm as compared with historical controls (4). The efficacy of triple-H...
Design, Multigram Synthesis, and in Vitro and in Vivo Evaluation of Propylamycin: A Semisynthetic 4,5-Deoxystreptamine Class Aminoglycoside for the Treatment of Drug-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae and Other Gram-Negative Pathogens

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Infectious diseases due to multidrug-resistant pathogens, particularly carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CREs), present a major and growing threat to human health and society, providing an urgent need for the development of improved potent antibiotics for their treatment. In this work, we describe the design and development of a new class of aminoglycoside antibiotics culminating in the discovery of propylamycin. Propylamycin is a 4'-deoxy-4'-alkyl paromomycin whose alkyl substituent conveys excellent activity against a broad spectrum of ESKAPE pathogens and other Gram-negative infections, including CREs, in the presence of numerous common resistance determinants, be they aminoglycoside modifying enzymes or rRNA methyl transferases. Importantly, propylamycin is demonstrated not to be susceptible to the action of the ArmA resistance determinant whose presence severely compromises the action of plazomicin and all other 4,6-disubstituted 2-deoxystreptamine aminoglycosides. The lack of susceptibility to ArmA, which is frequently encoded on the same plasmid as carbapenemase genes, ensures that propylamycin will not suffer from problems of cross-resistance when used in combination with carbapenems. Cell-free translation assays, quantitative ribosome footprinting, and X-ray crystallography support a model in which propylamycin functions by interference with bacterial protein synthesis. Cell-free translation assays with humanized bacterial ribosomes were used to optimize the selectivity of propylamycin, resulting in reduced ototoxicity in guinea pigs. In mouse thigh and septicemia models of <em>Escherichia coli</em>, propylamycin shows excellent efficacy, which is better than paromomycin. Overall, a simple novel deoxy alkyl modification of a readily available aminoglycoside antibiotic increases the inherent antibacterial activity, effectively combats multiple mechanisms of aminoglycoside resistance, and minimizes one of the major side effects of aminoglycoside therapy.
Blueprinting in Coherence to Diagnostic Momentum: On Account of Cancer Detection in Bahawalpur Community

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In the current era, cancer is a critical health problem. Purpose of the study was symptomatic analysis of cancer patients and medical evaluation of hematological and biochemical parameters of patients from different geographical areas of district Bahawalpur. A crosssectional study was done to find out the diagnostic timeliness in cancer patients. Out of 150 cancer patients, 53% patients were males and 47% females with age from 15 years to 75 years. It has been shown that 76% of patients represent major symptoms of cancer while 24% of patients were showing minor symptoms. Furthermore, cancer patients were disturbed metabolical, hematological, and biochemical profiling. There were 83% of patients with anemia and 17% patients have normal hemoglobin count in males and 85 % of total female patients have low hemoglobin level while rest of 15% have normal hemoglobin count. Illiteracy is positively influencing the factors responsible for causing cancer with 53%, whereas 23% less than primary level education and only 1% of patients had completed their graduation. There were 31% of the patients lies in upper lower class of society, 28% lower class, Lower middle class 19%, middle class 14%, upper middle class 7% and only 1 % patients belong to high social status. This study will help to diagnosis the early cancer detection via biochemical and metabolic profiling.
Surveillance of Antibody Levels in Healthy Population in Linshui County,2008

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objective To understand the immunity status of measles,diphtheria,pertussis,tetanus and hepatitis B in healthy population in Linshui in 2008 and provide scientific evidence for the timely vaccinations of the diseases. Methods A total of 304 healthy people in 7 age group in Linshui were selected randomly as surveillance subjects,the detections on levels of measles IgG,diphtheria and tetanus antitoxin,hepatitis B surface antibody and pertussis agglutinating antibody were conducted. Results In these people,289 were detected to be measles IgG positive(200mIU/ml) with the positive rate of 95.07%; 290 were with protective level of diphtheria antitoxin(0.28IU/ml ) and the positive rate was 95.39%,295 were pertussis antibody positive(≥1∶20) with the positive rate of 97.04% and protective antibody positive rate of 66.78%; 247 were with protective level of tetanus antitoxin(81.25%); 164 were detected to be hepatitis B surface antibody positive(53.95%). Conclusion The antibody levels of measles,diphtheria and pertussis had reached required levels,but the levels of tetanus antitoxin and hepatitis B surface antibody had not reached this level. It is necessary to strengthen the vaccination of the diseases to increase the herd immunity level.
Rationality and necessity of vascular stapler application during liver resection (Review)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Liver resection (LR) is the primary treatment method for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Improving surgical safety and reducing surgical morbidity and mortality is important for patients receiving LR. Various devices have been developed to facilitate vascular transection to reduce intraoperative blood loss, which is considered to be a predictor of poor surgical outcomes in patients undergoing LR. Vascular staplers have been widely applied for the division of major vascular and biliary structures in the process of LR; however, when and how to use these tools remains controversial. This review aims to report the rationality and necessity of using vascular staplers in vessel transection during liver surgery. Due to the risk of intraoperative and postoperative hemorrhage and biliary fistula, the process of transection of the portal pedicle and hepatic vein is a crucial step during LR. Stapling represents a vascular dissection technique that is widely used in laparoscopic LR and has then been popularized in open LR. Advocates argue that stapler transection methods provide several advantages, including diminished blood loss, fewer transfusion requirements and shorter operative times. However, other studies have failed to demonstrate those benefits when using these tools compared with the simple clamp-crushing technique. Using the stapler vascular transection method resulted in smaller surgical margins and similar surgical outcomes compared with those of the clamp-crushing vascular transection method. However, the intraoperative use of vascular staplers may significantly increase the financial burden of liver resection for patients with HCC, while not improving short- and long-term outcomes. Therefore, it has been suggested that vascular staplers should not be routinely used in LR. The current review discussed the above points and recommended that the stapling transection of the portal pedicle and hepatic vein should be applied during laparoscopic LR in a rational manner. However, the suturing ligation method should be routinely used in open LR.
Advanced bio-polymers for bone regeneration: Harnessing anti-inflammatory, oxidative stress, and pro-angiogenic strategies

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Bone defects resulting from trauma, tumor resection, or infection constitute significant clinical challenges in orthopedics, frequently causing compromised healing and elevated complication rates. While inflammatory responses and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are essential for initiating bone repair, their excessive persistence disrupts osteoblast-osteoclast homeostasis, suppresses angiogenesis, and ultimately impedes osseous regeneration. Conventional treatments, including autografts, allografts, and synthetic materials (bioceramics/metals), exhibit limitations in biocompatibility, donor availability, and dynamic responsiveness to pathophysiological demands. Innovative polymer-based biomaterials integrating anti-inflammatory, ROS-neutralizing, and angiogenic functions enable precise spatiotemporal modulation of bone microenvironments through synergistic immunoregulation, vascular network formation, and osteogenic differentiation.This review examines the bone healing process and identifies bioactivators targeting key signaling pathways, including pharmaceuticals, metal ions, growth factors, and exosomes. We highlight advancements in multifunctional polymeric scaffolds, such as stimuli-responsive hydrogels, 3D-printed structures, and nanocomposite networks, which mimic the mechanical properties of the native extracellular matrix (ECM) and enable controlled delivery of bioactivators. Furthermore, we discuss recent progress and challenges in clinical translation, including large-scale production, sterilization techniques, and regulatory barriers. This review aims to provide researchers and clinicians with comprehensive insights to advance the development of next-generation polymers for bone regeneration.
Measurement of Blood-pressure: Comparison of Intra-arterial and Cuff Values

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In recent years numerous reports have appeared?for example, Pickering (1955)?of discrepancies between arterial blood pressure measured by an intra-arterial method and by the usual cuff and sphygmomanometer. Part of this discrepancy has been attributed to the effect of arm circumference on arterial pressure measured with a cuff. Corrections based on measurements made by Ragan and Bordley (1941) have been published by Pickering, Roberts and Sowry (1954). While several workers report good agreement between systolic blood-pressure determined by the intra-arterial and that by the cuff method, there is disagreement over which of the two phases (phase 4, muffling, or phase 5, disappearance) represents the true diastolic pressure.
A Full Band Monte Carlo Study of High Field Carrier Transport in 4H-SiC

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The high field transport properties of 4H-SiC have been studied using a bipolar full band ensemble Monte Carlo model. The impact ionization transition rates and the phonon scattering rates for both electrons and holes have been calculated numerically from the full band structure. The simulation results show a large anisotropy in the impact ionization coefficients for both electrons and holes.
Efficacy of a commercial bacterin in protecting Strain 13 guineapigs against Bordetella bronchiseptica pneumonia

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Bordetella bronchiseptica is known to be endemic in many guineapig ( Cavia porcellus) colonies, and periodically is the aetiological agent of fatal epizootics of bronchopneumonia. A commercial, non-adjuvant B. bronchiseptica bacterin, which is approved for use in canines, was evaluated for induction of a protective immune response in Strain 13/N guineapigs against an airborne challenge of virulent B. bronchispeptica in small-particle aerosol. Seronegative animals were vaccinated on days 0 and 21 with intramuscular injections of 0·2 ml of bacterin. Humoral antibody titres of the vaccinated animals, as determined by ELISA, ranged from 128-1024 on day 49. On day 30 following the second dose of bacterin (study day 51), 12 vaccinated and 12 PBS sham-vaccinated animals were exposed to an inhaled dose of 4·3 × 10 5 CFU of B. bronchiseptica (325 LD 50 ). Vaccinated, challenged animals remained clinically normal, although each guineapig did develop a localized upper respiratory infection. The rate of weight gain as well as rectal temperature of these animals were analogous to those exhibited by the control groups. Examination of 4 of the vaccinated, challenged animals on day 7 after exposure showed bacteria present in moderate to high numbers in the larynx and trachea but only minimally detectable in the lungs; by 30 days after exposure, the numbers of bacteria in the larynx and trachea were diminshed, with none being detected in the lungs. Pathological alterations induced by B. bronchiseptica were not detected at either day 7 or day 30 after challenge in any of the vaccinated, challenged animals. Protection induced in Strain 13/N guineapigs by the commercial canine bacterin was sufficient to preclude the development of pulmonary disease, even in animals presented with a massive challenge of virulent bacteria in a small-particle aerosol.
Analysis of food insufficiency transition and determinants in rural Nigeria

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the dynamics of food insufficiency and its determinants among farming households in Southwestern Nigeria. Design/methodology/approach A combination of cluster and systematic random sampling was used to select 40 households in each local government area of the selected two states. This gives a total of 160 households per state and 320 households in all for the first data collection. Visiting the same households during the second data collection, only 150 households’ data were useful for analysis. Panel primary data were adopted and they were collected in two periods of late and early rain, respectively, over a period of nine months. Primary data were collected with the aid of a well-structured questionnaire, administered on farming households in the area of study. The needed information was collected through the use of interview schedules/questionnaires. Findings The transition of food insufficiency households to food sufficiency indicated a differential of 4.25 percent, and the transition of food sufficiency to food insufficiency a differential of 9.33 percent. During the agricultural harvest season more households moved to food sufficiency status (16 percent), while off season insufficiency status was 25.3 percent. The probability of households escaping food insufficiency is 0.25, and the probability of households entering food insufficiency is 0.38. The study provides evidence of transient and high incidence of food insufficiency. Originality/value Past studies of this nature only captured the food insufficiency status of households using a snapshot study. Hence, this study brought in innovation by examining the dynamics of food sufficiency/insufficiency in two periods. Therefore the question this study asks is: can a farm-household be food sufficient over a particular period of time and food insufficient in other time?
[Effect of vasopressin and oxytocin on the dorsal root potentials of the isolated perfused spinal cord in rat pups].

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The effect of vasopressin and oxytocin on the dorsal root potentials were studied in isolated spinal cord of 12-16 days old rats. It was shown that both neuropeptides evoked reversible depression of the dorsal root potential induced by stimulation of the neighbouring dorsal root. Application of vasopressin or oxytocin caused the reversible dose-dependent depolarization in the dorsal root. The depolarization was preserved in Ca2+-free manganese-containing solution. Functional significance of presynaptic effects of hypothalamic neuropeptides is discussed.
Validation of the Survey Simulator Tool for the NEO Surveyor Mission Using NEOWISE Data

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The Near-Earth Object Surveyor (NEO Surveyor) mission has a requirement to find two-thirds of the potentially hazardous asteroids larger than 140 m in size. In order to determine the mission’s expected progress toward this goal during design and testing, as well as the actual progress during the survey, a simulation tool has been developed to act as a consistent and quantifiable yardstick. We test that the survey simulation software is correctly predicting on-sky positions and thermal infrared fluxes by using it to reproduce the published measurements of asteroids from the NEOWISE mission. We then extended this work to find previously unreported detections of known near-Earth asteroids in the NEOWISE data archive, a search that resulted in 21,661 recovery detections, including 1166 objects that had no previously reported NEOWISE observations. These efforts demonstrate the reliability of the NEO Surveyor Survey Simulator tool and the perennial value of searchable image and source catalog archives for extending our knowledge of the small bodies of the solar system.
Nitrogen Availability and Uptake by Sugarbeet in Years Following a Manure Application

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The use of solid dairy manure for sugarbeet production is problematic because beet yield and quality are sensitive to deficiencies or excesses in soil N, and soil N availability from manure varies substantially depending on the year of application. Experimental treatments included combinations of two manure rates (0.33 and 0.97 Mg total N ha −1 ) and three application times, and non-manure treatments (control and urea fertilizer). We measured soil net N mineralization and biomass, N uptake, and yields for sprinkler-irrigated sugarbeet. On average, the 1-year-old, low-rate manure, and 1- and 2-year-old, high-rate manure treatments produced 1.2-fold greater yields, 1.1-fold greater estimated recoverable sugar, and 1.5-fold greater gross margins than that of fertilizer alone. As a group the 1-year-old, low-rate manure, and 2- and 3-year-old, high-rate-manure treatments produced similar cumulative net N mineralization as urea fertilizer; whereas the 1-year-old, high-rate manure treatment provided nearly 1.5-fold more N than either group. With appropriate manure application rates and attention to residual N and timing of sugarbeet planting, growers can best exploit the N mineralized from manure, while simultaneously maximizing sugar yields and profits.
LAPAROSCOPIC RESECTION OF A RETROPERITONEAL MUCINOUS CYSTADENOMA-A CASE REPORT-

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

腹腔鏡下に摘出した後腹膜粘液性嚢胞腺腫を経験したので報告する．症例は45歳，女性．33歳時に後腹膜嚢胞性病変に対し，2回のエタノール注入療法を受けた．今回，左背部痛とともに嚢胞性病変が再度増大してきたため，当科受診となった．腹部CTおよびMRI検査では，左後腹膜に周囲との境界が明瞭な13.5cm×9.5cm大の嚢胞性病変を認めた．良性後腹膜腫瘍の診断のもと，腹腔鏡下腫瘍摘出術を施行した．腫瘍を縮小させるためトロッカーから吸引管を用いて内容液を十分吸引した後，内容液の流失を防ぎ，牽引をかけるため切開部をミニループリトラクターで閉鎖し切除摘出した．病理組織学的検索では，嚢胞の内面は粘液を産生する高円柱上皮で覆われており，粘液性嚢胞腺腫と診断された．術後17カ月の現在，再発の徴候を認めていない．
Parathecabius stammeri Zwolfer 1957

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Parathecabius stammeri Zwölfer 1957 = Mordvilkoja vagabunda (Walsh, 1863) Paratypes of stammeri in the BMNH collection from roots of Lysimachia vulgaris in Germany agree well with exules of Mordvilkoja vagabunda from Lysimachia spp. in North America, which were unknown until Smith (1971) discovered its life cycle. This aphid has a sexual phase on native North American Populus of the deltoides group. The population in Germany was anholocyclic (Zwölfer 1957).