jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
CSD 1576250: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

An entry from the Inorganic Crystal Structure Database, the world’s repository for inorganic crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the joint CCDC and FIZ Karlsruhe Access Structures service and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
Applied technology classrooms and digital competence in vocational education and training: design, elaboration and validation of an instrument for data collection

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Integrating Applied Technology Classrooms (ATC) into Vocational Education and Training (VET) in Spain has significantly changed the educational landscape. This study focuses on understanding the impact of ATC on VET in Spain, particularly the process of designing a data collection instrument to document strategies, challenges, and outcomes developed in ATC. The study used the Delphi method to collect data from an expert panel in two iterative rounds. Based on the study criteria, 25 individuals were identified and invited to participate in the Delphi process. The final sample of 9 experts participated in the Delphi panel and evaluated the instrument. The panel members were assigned to assess the instrument based on predefined criteria, including univocity, relevance, and importance. The Delphi results, the data collection instrument designed for the research, are considered practical and relevant. The experts involved in the assessment provided overwhelmingly positive feedback, with most items within the instrument receiving high scores (81% in univocity and 87% in relevance). By incorporating expert recommendations and implementing relevant modifications, the resulting instrument is of higher quality and increased relevance, ultimately contributing to greater validity and reliability of the research (3.78 average satisfaction).
Effects of different tidal volumes and positive end expiratory pressure on gas exchange in experimental bronchopleural fistula.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The tidal volume of 7 ml/Kg with ZEEP was considered the best tidal volume because, despite moderate hypercapnia, arterial oxygen saturation is sustained around 90%, alveolar ventilation improves and the fistula output is reduced when compared with a tidal volume of 10ml/Kg. A low tidal volume results in hypercapnia and severe desaturation. Finally, at any tidal volume, PEEP increases the fistula leak and decreases alveolar ventilation.
Mathematical Modeling and Experimental Characterization of Polymer Dissolution

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMathematical Modeling and Experimental Characterization of Polymer DissolutionNikolaos A. Peppas, J. C. Wu, and Ernest D. von MeerwallCite this: Macromolecules 1994, 27, 20, 5626–5638Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1994https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00098a017RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views943Altmetric-Citations98LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (2 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Ponto‐medullary nuclei involved in the generation of sequential pharyngeal swallowing and concomitant protective laryngeal adduction in situ

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Key points Laryngeal adduction is a major mechanism in sealing off entry to the trachea to prevent aspiration during swallowing. An experimental protocol to reliably elicit sequential swallowing by oral injection of small volumes of water was developed in the in situ perfused brainstem preparation of juvenile rats. The sequential swallowing motor pattern consists of two distinct components: (i) phasic swallowing, indicated by rhythmic sequential vagal nerve bursting, and (ii) protective laryngeal adduction, indicated by background tonic vagal discharge. Pharmacological manipulation of the Kölliker–Fuse nucleus revealed that it specifically mediates the protective tonic laryngeal adduction, while GABAergic neurotransmission is needed in the nucleus of the solitary tract for the generation of the sequential swallowing motor pattern. We conclude that sequential swallow motor patterning, including effective airway protection, requires balanced excitatory–inhibitory synaptic interaction within the nucleus of the solitary tract and the Kölliker–Fuse nucleus, as well as between the two nuclei. Abstract Both swallowing and respiration involve postinspiratory laryngeal adduction. Swallowing‐related postinspiratory neurons are likely to be located in the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) and those involved in respiration are found in the Kölliker–Fuse nucleus (KF). The function of KF and NTS in the generation of swallowing and its coordination with respiration was investigated in perfused brainstem preparations of juvenile rats ( n = 41). Orally injected water evoked sequential pharyngeal swallowing (s‐PSW) seen as phasic, spindle‐shaped bursting of vagal nerve activity (VNA) against tonic postinspiratory discharge. KF inhibition by microinjecting isoguvacine (GABA A receptor agonist) selectively attenuated tonic postinspiratory VNA ( n = 10, P < 0.001) but had no effect on frequency or timing of s‐PSW. KF disinhibition after bicuculline (GABA A receptor antagonist) microinjections caused an increase of the tonic VNA ( n = 8, P < 0.01) resulting in obscured and delayed phasic s‐PSW. Occurrence of spontaneous PSW significantly increased after KF inhibition ( P < 0.0001) but not after KF disinhibition ( P = 0.14). NTS isoguvacine microinjections attenuated the occurrence of all PSW ( n = 5, P < 0.01). NTS bicuculline microinjections ( n = 6) resulted in spontaneous activation of a disordered PSW pattern and long‐lasting suppression of respiratory activity. Pharmacological manipulation of either KF or NTS also triggered profound changes in respiratory postinspiratory VNA. Our results indicate that the s‐PSW comprises two functionally distinct components. While the primary s‐PSW is generated within the NTS, a KF‐mediated laryngeal adductor reflex safeguards the lower airways from aspiration. Synaptic interaction between KF and NTS is required for s‐PSW coordination with respiration as well as for proper gating and timing of s‐PSW.
Flexural strengthening of reinforced concrete beams with carbon fibers reinforced polymer (CFRP) sheet bonded to a transition layer of high performance cement-based composite

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Resistance to corrosion, high tensile strength, low weight, easiness and rapidity of application, are characteristics that have contributed to the spread of the strengthening technique characterized by bonding of carbon fibers reinforced polymer (CFRP). This research aimed to develop an innovate strengthening method for RC beams, based on a high performance cement-based composite of steel fibers (macro + microfibers) to be applied as a transition layer. The purpose of this transition layer is better control the cracking of concrete and detain or even avoid premature debonding of strengthening. A preliminary study in short beams molded with steel fibers and strengthened with CFRP sheet, was carried out where was verified that the conception of the transition layer is valid. Tests were developed to get a cement-based composite with adequate characteristics to constitute the layer transition. Results showed the possibility to develop a high performance material with a pseudo strain-hardening behavior, high strength and fracture toughness. The application of the strengthening on the transition layer surface had significantly to improve the performance levels of the strengthened beam. It summary, it was proven the efficiency of the new strengthening technique, and much information can be used as criteria of projects for repaired and strengthened structures.
Impact of the Alert Program on School Function for At Risk Cohorts in the Kindergarten Classroom: A Four Year Review of the Data

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

A childâ€™s ability to process, organize, and respond to incoming sensory information and to self-regulate often impacts his or her school performance. The Alert Program, was established with the goal of teaching students the skills needed for self-regulation and therefore, has the potential to yield school function outcomes. This study examined the impact of a classroom approach to the Alert Program on school function for identified at risk students. Retrospective in nature, subjects for this study included 104 kindergarten students at an independent private school in eastern North Carolina between the years 2010-2014. Program implementation consisted of 40-60 minute weekly sessions over 5 months; sessions were led by three to four East Carolina University Occupational Therapy students. Data was collected using the Sensory Processing Measure: Main Classroom (SPM-C) and the School Function Assessmentâ€“Part III Activity Performance: Cognitive/Behavioral tasks (SFA). A master panel comprised of early elementary teaching faculty provided input as to what areas of school function are addressed, expected, and most developmentally appropriate at the kindergarten level; feedback revealed that the areas most relevant include: following social conventions, personal care awareness, behavior regulation, task/behavior completion, and positive interaction. Data analysis of student performance on the SFA in each of these pre-identified categories showed significant improvement (p < .05) for identified at risk students after participation in the Alert Program. Results suggest the Alert Program, a sensory-based approach to teaching self-regulation, produces end outcomes in areas of school function, particularly for at risk students. However, while the classroom approach was successful for the majority of students, some students may likely benefit more from an individualized approach.
Predictors of quality of life 1 year after minor stroke or TIA: a prospective single-centre cohort study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives In patients after a transient ischaemic attack (TIA) or minor stroke, dysfunction is often underestimated by clinical measures due to invisible symptoms, including cognitive and emotional problems. Many of these patients need stroke care programme, but others do not. In this study, we aim to identify potential predictors of quality of life (QoL) in patients with TIA or minor stroke 1 year poststroke to be able to select which of these patients will need aftercare. Design Prospective observational cohort study. Setting Single-centre hospital in the Netherlands. Participants 120 patients, diagnosed with TIA or minor stroke and discharged without rehabilitation treatment, completed the study. Primary and secondary outcome measures QoL (RAND-36), anxiety and depressive symptoms (Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale), the degree of disability or functional dependence after stroke (modified Rankin Scale (mRS)) and symptoms of anxiety and depression specific to stroke (SSADQ) were assessed at baseline (2–6 weeks poststroke) and compared with follow-up at 1 year poststroke. Results Depression (B=−1.35, p<0.001) and anxiety (B=−0.57, p=0.041) at baseline predicted a worse mental component of QoL after 1 year. Depression (B=−1.100, p<0.001) at baseline, but also age (B=−0.261, p=0.002) and female sex (B=4.101, p=0.034) predicted a worse physical component of QoL after 1 year. Conclusion With the identification of these predictors, we might be able to select more efficiently and timely the patients with TIA or minor stroke who need stroke aftercare.
EFFICACY OF OCCLUSAL APPLIANCE THERAPY IN THE MANAGEMENT OF TEMPOROMANDIBULAR DISORDERS

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Objective: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of hard occlusal appliance therapy for the treatment of temporomandibular disorders. Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study was carried out in the Prosthodontics department at Armed Forces Institute of Dentistry, Rawalpindi. Results: A total of 94 subjects were included in this study, out of which, 38 were females while 56 were males. Conclusion: This study advocates the use of occlusal splint therapy for the management of TMDs. It is simple, with fewer side effects, cost effective, noninvasive, and better patient compliance.
Challenges for the practice of evidence-based medicine during COVID-19 pandemic (practice of evidence-based medicine in the new normal)

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The forces which had kept the evidence-based medicine (EBM) movement alive and ongoing have altered significantly during this coronavirus disease (COVID)-19 pandemic. There has been discrepancy in the demand and availability of scientific evidence. Deaths of thousands of people including physicians and other health-care workers (while offering COVID-19 care) across the globe have shaken the confidence of the physicians towards the practice of EBM. Journals started publishing in a hurry, incomplete and at times misleading scientific articles, about COVID-19, leaving the physicians in a dilemma about the evidence. The practitioner of EBM has had to turn helplessly to non-documentary evidences to treat COVID-19 patients. Apart from the evidence becoming hyperdynamic and volatile along with a reduction in its quality, the environment got polluted by political interference. In a nutshell, the COVID-19 pandemic has affected the practice of EBM and its acceptance in multiple ways.
Smart monitoring system for risk management in the underground space

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents a smart monitoring system for risk management in the underground space. This space has a major role in cities, but it suffers from high vulnerability to hazards such as fire, flood and accidents. The paper provides analysis of the vulnerability of the underground space and shows how a smart monitoring system of human presence, indoor conditions, underground space access and equipment performances with advanced data analysis could help in improving the risk management in this space.
Diagnosis and management of isolated sphenoiditis in children

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

[Objective] To explore the manifestation, diagnosis and curative effect of endoscopic surgery for isolated sphenoiditis in children. [Methods] The symptoms, imaging data and treatment of 5 cases with isolated sphenoiditis hospitalized in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from January 2000 to July 2006 were analyzed retrospectively. [Results] 4 out of 5 patients had the chief complaint of headache, 1 patient had blood in nasal discharge. The disease lasted for 3 months to 1 year. Only 1 patient showed nasal discharge in rhinologic examination. CT scan or MRI revealed opacification in sphenoid sinus. 5 patients all experienced endoscopic sphenoidectomy. Their complaints relieved after the surgery and there was no complication. There was no sign of recurrence in 1 ~ 5 years follow-up. [Conclusion] Headache can be the chief and unique symptom of isolated sphenoiditis in children. Isolated sphenoiditis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of headache. CT and MRI scans are helpful tools in the early diagnosis. Surgical intervention is an effective, safe and less invasive treatment.
Laser assisted decay spectroscopy at the CRIS beam line at ISOLDE

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A new collinear resonant ionization spectroscopy (Cris)beam line has recently been installed at Isolde, Cern utilising lasers to combine collinear laser spectroscopy and resonant ionization spectroscopy. The combined technique offers the ability to purify an ion beam that is heavily contaminated with radioactive isobars, including the ground state of an isotope from its isomer, allowing sensitive secondary experiments to be performed. A new programme aiming to use the Cris technique for the separation of nuclear isomeric states for decay spectroscopy will commence in 2011. A decay spectroscopy station, consisting of a rotating wheel implantation system for alpha decay spectroscopy, and three high purity germanium detectors around the implantation site for gamma-ray detection, has been developed for this purpose. This paper will report the current status of the laser assisted decay spectroscopy set-up for the Cris beam line.
A task force to reduce prison overcrowding: Implications for criminal justice policy, planning and research methods courses

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article describes an undergraduate criminal justice research methods course that uses interactive teaching methods to explore the dynamics of policy analysis and program evaluation. The issue of prison overcrowding is introduced after a solid base of research methods concepts has been mastered. Prison overcrowding is presented in a detailed scenario that includes changes in state and local policy. Student workgroups explore issues involved in prison overcrowding using multiple sources of information, including the World Wide Web.
Markup and productivity of exporters and importers

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper studies the relationship between firm markups and importing intermediate inputs and exporting using detailed firm-level data from Hungary in 1995-2003. We estimate production functions structurally to obtain firm-year-level productivity and markup estimates. We find that importing intermediate inputs is associated with large markup premium, while the exporter markup premium is nonexistent when we control for the importer status. We interpret our results in a simple theoretical framework, where firms lower their markup when exporting to more competitive foreign markets and where importing intermediate inputs leads to higher-quality products.
William Mundy's ‘Vox Patris Caelestis’ and the Assumption of the Virgin Mary

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Journal Article William Mundy's ‘Vox Patris Caelestis’ and the Assumption of the Virgin Mary Get access Kerry McCarthy Kerry McCarthy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Music and Letters, Volume 85, Issue 3, August 2004, Pages 353–367, https://doi.org/10.1093/ml/85.3.353 Published: 01 August 2004
Waterbird impacts on widgeongrass Ruppia maritima in a Mediterranean wetland: comparing bird groups and seasonal effects

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

We studied the effect of waterbirds on the submerged macrophyte Ruppia maritima in eleven fish ponds within Doñana Natural Park (SW Spain). Separate exclosure designs allowed us to exclude flamingos or all waterbirds from 3×3 m plots within the ponds and compare them with control plots. Four experiments were conducted for three month periods at different points of the annual cycle with varying bird densities. Flamingos and wildfowl (ducks and coot) had significant negative additive effects on the presence of aboveground (leafs and shoots) or belowground (roots) parts of Ruppia at all times of the year. For plots where Ruppia was present, aboveground biomass was significantly higher in all‐bird exclosures than in controls or flamingo exclosures. Presence and biomass of this annual plant varied significantly between seasons as did the density of seeds in sediments. Seasonal changes in seedbank densities were consistent with consumption by birds. There were no significant treatment×season interactions for Ruppia presence, aboveground biomass or seeds. This is the first exclosure study to compare the effects of waterbirds on submerged macrophytes at different times throughout the annual cycle, and the first to compare simultaneously the effects of different bird groups. Our findings refute previous suggestions that major effects of waterbirds are limited to temperate regions and to periods of early growth or when major concentrations of migratory wildfowl are formed in autumn. Flamingos are important in structuring shallow wetlands in the Mediterranean, and possibly many other regions.
Minimally Invasive Surgical Techniques:A New Choice of the Pharmacological Animal Models

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Many problems which may restrict the development of pharmacology seriously are existed in the current pharmacological animal models such as excessive trauma,low accuracy of the operations,but the improvement of minimally invasive surgical techniques can provide a new choice of the problems.A lot of pharmacological animal models have been successfully established by minimally invasive techniques,such as focal cerebral ischemia model,spinal cord ischemia and injury model,recoverable model of obstructive jaundice,acute myocardial infarction and chronic heart failure model.Though minimally invasive pharmacology still needs to be more consummate as a newly emerging subject,it will promote the development of pharmacological research to a new height.Having read a large number of literatures,we discussed some aspects,such as the application of minimally invasive surgical techniques in the current pharmacological animal models and the exploration in the minimally invasive technique.
Competing Narratives of Hospital Closure: A Case Study of Memorial Hospital of Rhode Island.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Overlapping and discrepant narratives of the closure demonstrated the complicated role of hospitals within communities and health systems. Acknowledgment of both the hospital's financial straits and the negative impacts of closure on a marginalized community demonstrate the malalignment of economic incentives and the public good in the state's health care system. This case study may offer lessons for other communities facing or experiencing hospital closure.