jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Evidence for Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedastic errors in growth traits of beef cattle

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract. Evidence is presented for "generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity" processes (GARCH(1,1)), in the residuals of beef cattle growth traits. This process can account for differences in variance at different time points, with the advantage of using a parsimonious parametrization. Data used were 10271 birth weights (BW), 19992 weaning weights (WW) and 9717 weight at 18 months (FW), from five herds registered in the national evaluation of the Brangus breed in Argentina. The residuals calculated from the 2005 genetic evaluation were regressed on Julian dates by least squares. From a second set of residuals out of the linear regression model, Maximum Likelihood estimation via the Fisher scoring algorithm was used to estimate the GARCH(1,1) parameters. Eight out of fifteen one-sided Lagrange multiplier statistics significantly (P < 0.05) rejected the hypothesis of null GARCH(1,1) parameters in the genetic evaluation residuals. Incorporating these effects in genetic evaluation is feasible due to the diagonal covariance matrix induced by the process on each trait, which simplifies building the mixed model equations.
Spectra of H2–Ar, H2–Kr, and H2–Xe Van der Waals Complexes in Pressure-Induced Infrared Absorption

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Spectra of H 2 –Ar, H 2 –Kr, and H 2 –Xe Van der Waals complexes, accompanying the Q 1 (0), Q 1 (1), S 1 (0), and S 1 (1) transitions of the pressure-induced fundamental infrared absorption band of hydrogen, have been studied in gas mixtures at 93–180 °K with a path length of 13 m and total pressures of ~3 atm. The main features of the spectra correspond to rotational transitions in the ground vibrational state of the complex, i.e., resolved T and N lines (Δl = ± 3) and unresolved R and P lines (Δl = ± 1), where l is the rotational quantum number of the complex. The spectra are analyzed with eigenvalues derived from the wave-mechanical solution of the isotropic Lennard–Jones 12–6 potential with constants determined from the combination rules for mixed molecular species. Although there is good overall agreement, it is evident that finer details of the spectra will require the introduction of an anisotropic intermolecular potential for their explanation.
1 A Novel Structure of Dynamic PLA for High Performance Consideration

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Dynamic PLA has become popular in designing high performance controller. In this paper, we propose a new dynamic PLA structure which can perform the OR operation between two products in an inter-buffer and thus can reduce the timing delay and capacitive loads in the OR plane. Since there are many candidates for performing the OR operation in inter-buffers, we have developed a CAD algorithm to find optimal solution. We have performed experiments on a set of MCNC benchmark circuits. The results show that the timing delay can be further improved on 16.8 % for 10 benchmark circuits. 1.
Haploclastus validus Pocock 1899

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Haploclastus validus Pocock, 1899 Phlogiodes validus Pocock, 1899, p. 748; 1900, p. 179. Phlogiodes robustus Pocock, 1899, p. 748; 1900, p. 180. New synonymy. Remarks. The species Haploclastus validus and H. robustus that were previously under Phlogiodes were first described by Pocock (1899) from two specimens at the Natural History Museum, London. Th ese specimens, a male and female were originally collected by Phipson from Matheran, presently in the State of Maharashtra, India. Pocock (1899) described the male as H. validus and female as H. robustus. Another female specimen collected by Master from Jauli, Satara district, Maharashtra (about 150 km from Matheran) was also identified by Pocock (1900) as H. robustus. Th ese species descriptions do not provide any details on key characters distinguishing the two species, and only make mention of those characters that are attributable to sexual dimorphism, which is now well established in theraphosid spiders (e.g. Dippenaar-Schoeman 2002). In September 2009 one of us (RJR) visited NHM, and examined H. robustus but could not locate the type of H. validus and we assume that specimen is either lost or is deposited in some other European museum. Th ereby, we synonymise H.validus with H. robustus based on the original description (Pocock 1899).
Histologic characterization of paediatric mesenchymal neoplasms treated with kinase‐targeted therapy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aims Recurrent alterations involving receptor tyrosine or cytoplasmic kinase genes have been described in soft‐tissue neoplasms such as infantile fibrosarcoma (IFS) and inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour (IMT). Recent trials and regulatory approvals for targeted inhibitors against the kinase domains of these oncoproteins have allowed for increased use of targeted therapies. We aimed to characterize the histologic features of paediatric mesenchymal neoplasms with kinase alterations treated with targeted inhibitors. Methods and results Eight patients with tyrosine kinase‐altered mesenchymal neoplasms with pre‐ and posttreatment samples were identified. Tumours occurred in five females and three males with a median age at presentation of 6.5 years. Tumour sites were bone/somatic soft‐tissue ( n = 5) and viscera ( n = 3). Pretreatment diagnoses were: IMT ( n = 3), epithelioid inflammatory myofibroblastic sarcoma ( n = 1), and descriptive diagnoses ( n = 4) such as “kinase‐driven spindle cell tumor.” Fusions identified were ETV6::NTRK3 ( n = 2), TPM3::NTRK1 , SEPT7::BRAF , TFG::ROS1 , KLC1::ALK , RANBP2::ALK , and MAP4::RAF1 . Patients were treated with larotrectinib ( n = 3), ALK or ALK/ROS1 inhibitors ( n = 3), and MEK inhibitors ( n = 2). Posttreatment tumours exhibited a striking decrease in cellularity (7/8) and the presence of collagenous stroma (7/8) with extensive glassy hyalinization (5/8). In two cases, abundant coarse or psammomatous calcifications were seen and in one case prominent perivascular hyalinization was noted. Residual viable tumour was seen in 3/8 cases (<5% in one case, and >75% in 2/8 cases). Conclusion Mesenchymal neoplasms with tyrosine kinase alterations treated with targeted inhibitors show a pathologic response, which includes decreased cellularity and stromal hyalinization. The presence of these features may be helpful in assessing tumour response after targeted therapy.
Interpolation Problems for Matrix Polynomials and Rational Matrix-Functions

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In this chapter we consider a few different interpolation problems for matrix polynomials and rational matrix valued functions. We have in mind the tangential Lagrange and Lagrange-Sylvester interpolation, contour integral interpolation and interpolation with a given set of divisions and remainders. Connections among all these problems are established and in each case a complete solution is suggested.
Single-Pulse Shock-Tube Studies of the Pyrolysis of Fluorocarbons and of the Oxidation of Perfluoroethylene

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The gas phase pyrolysis and oxidation of several low molecular weight fluorocarbons were investigated in single-pulse shock tubes, using vapor phase chromatography and mass spectral analyses to establish the nature and the relative amounts of all the products generated as a function of the reflected shock temperature and the initial composition. Dwell times were approximately 1 msec and quenched rates were about 1°/μsec. Shocks were run in mixtures ranging from 0.5-3% of fluorocarbons in argon. Plots of product distributions as a function of reflected shock temperatures have been prepared for perfluorocyclobutane, butadiene, cyclopropane, propene, and ethylene. Several equilibrium constants for the interconversions of fluorocarbons were evaluated at a function of temperature, a mechanism of the pyrolysis reactions δ developed, and the corresponding rate constants estimated. Mixtures of perfluoro-ethylene in oxygen, highly diluted in argon, were shock-heated for periods of about 1.3 msec to temperatures in the range 1200-2000°K. The major products were F2CO, CO, CF4, C2F6 and very small amounts of C3F6 and CO2. On the basis of the product distribution analyses a plausible mechanism for the oxidation reaction has been developed.
Rat embryo fibroblasts require both the cell-binding and the heparin-binding domains of fibronectin for survival

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Fibronectin (FN) is known to transduce signal(s) to rescue cells from detachment-induced apoptosis (anoikis) through an integrin-mediated survival pathway. However, the functions of individual FN domains have not been studied in detail. In the present study we investigated whether the interaction of the cell-binding domain of FN with integrin is sufficient to rescue rat embryo fibroblasts (REFs) from detachment-induced apoptosis. REFs attached and spread normally after plating on substrates coated with either intact FN or a FN fragment, FN120, that contains the cell-binding domain but lacks the C-terminal heparin-binding domain, HepII. REFs on FN maintained a well-spread fibroblastic shape and even proliferated in serum-free medium at 20h after plating. In contrast, previously well-spread REFs on FN120 started losing fibroblastic shape with time and detached from FN120-coated plates after approx. 8h. Nuclear condensation indicated apototic cell death. This was due to the decreased activity/stability of focal adhesion kinase (pp125FAK) in the absence of HepII domain. A peptide in the HepII domain [peptide V, WQPPRARI (single-letter amino acid codes)], which has previously been implicated in cytoskeletal organization, rescued apoptotic changes. Consistently, pp125FAK phosphorylation was increased, and both cleavage of pp125FAK and activation of caspase 3 on FN120 were partly blocked by peptide V. Thus the interaction of the cell-binding domain with integrin has a major role in cell survival but is itself not sufficient for cell survival. One or more additional survival signals come from the HepII domain to regulate pp125FAK activity/stability.
The hostility triad: The contribution of negative emotions to organizational (un‐)wellness

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The discourse of organisational wellness with its emphasis on the positive is seen here as too one‐sided. With discussion of three negative emotions—summarised as the hostility triad in the literature—and on the basis of a little incident that occurred during a major change in a large corporation, it will be shown how contempt, anger and disgust take place in everyday actions in organisations. A thesis deriving from research in cross‐cultural psychology will be presented indicating that negative emotions, compared to reasoning, play a more important role in moral judgement than often acknowledged. Disagreeable as the hostility triad may be, it deserves attention so we are able to take its effects on the relationship of different groups in organisations into consideration.
Research in Effect of Feeding Speed on Turning Vibration of Slender Shaft with Moving Load Theory

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In the turning process, the slender shaft workpiece is one of the difficult parts.Especially the action of load on the surface of rotary workpiece and interaction between the workpiece vibration and cutting force increase the vibration of the workpiece and even cause flutter.Based on the theory of moving load, this paper has designed the concrete experiment, analyzed the cutting force in three directions, the surface vibration and roughness of the workpiece, the modal parameters of the workpiece and the tool, the self-power spectral density of the tool and so on.The change rule of six influencing factors with the change of feed rate also validates the correctness of the moving load theory.Through the analysis of the surface vibration and roughness of the workpiece, the degree of vibration of the workpiece increases and even the flutter phenomenon increases with the increase of the feed speed in a certain range.When the feed rate increases to a certain value, the degree of vibration of the workpiece has a tendency to weaken.The conclusion has certain guiding significance and application value to reduce the vibration and even flutter phenomenon, and provides a theoretical basis for applying the moving load theory to the complicated structure research on cutting vibration of shaft parts.
Virtue and Law in Plato and Beyond

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The Laws is Plato’s second attempt to outline an ideal society. It does not, as often thought, introduce the rule of law as a rejection of the rule of virtue in the Republic. In the Laws the place of law in the development of virtue is rethought, and Plato tempers the importance of obedience to law with the need for citizens to understand their laws as structuring a virtuous way of life in which they actively participate. Plato now develops a fresh methodology for political thought, one which learns from the past, and recognizes the value in a good society of citizen participation, and of a number of modified Athenian political institutions, in which all citizens play a part, rather than most submitting to the expertise of a few. Less approachable than the Republic, the Laws is richer in political and ethical ideas and sets the project of an ideal society in a wider and richer context. One idea, namely that citizens should comprehend their laws as shaping a good way of life, is taken up and developed independently by Cicero and by Philo of Alexandria, who in different ways draw out some implications of the Laws.
“We beg you not to equate the names of Gypsies and knife-grinders with honest traders”

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article focusses on common contemporary associations of itinerant trades with ‘Gypsy-ness’ and the consequent relationship between adopting anti-Gypsy measures and state in-tentions to regulate the profession of itinerant trades. By analysing the intended bill on itin-erant trades, this article shows how administrative police terms such as ‘Gypsies’ and ‘work-shies’ were intertwined. It further argues that limiting space for mobile, self-employed economic activities went hand in hand with legalising the status of second-class citizens in 1927 when a new law On Wandering Gypsies was passed by the Czechoslovak Parliament. The article also analyses the agency of one particular itinerant traders’ association called Kotva (Anchor) and pays attention to the traders’ manifold defensive strategies. Because of their close contacts with Roma and Sinti (with whom they shared social and economic spac-es) the traders sought to set themselves apart from Gypsies and to present themselves as ‘de-cent citizens’, in other words part of the Czechoslovak nation. In their successful effort to shield themselves from being included in the new police register of ‘wandering Gypsies’, they reproduced and amplified the state aim to eliminate ‘work-shies’ among itinerant traders. The article thus deals with the process of racialization of the category of ‘Gypsies’ in interwar Czechoslovakia, with racialization here being presented as an intricate historical process which was influenced even by non-state historical actors.
BCR/ABL→STAT5 Pathway Stimulates Helix-Loop-Helix Id-1 Protein To Enhance the MMP9 - Dependent Invasiveness of Leukemia Cells.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract BCR/ABL oncogenic tyrosine kinase activates STAT5, which plays as important role in leukemogenesis (Nieborowska-Skorska et al., J.Exp.Med., 189:1229,1999). We reported before that the bcl-2 family member A1 and the proto-oncogene pim-1, the two downstream effectors of STAT5, collaborate in BCR/ABL-positive cells to induce protection from apoptosis and growth factor independence (Nieborowska-Skorska et al., Blood, 99:4531,2002). We show here that expression of the helix-loop-helix protein Id1 is enhanced by BCR/ABL in the STAT5-dependent manner. This effect requires activation of STAT5 by the signaling from SH3+SH2 domains of BCR/ABL. Enhanced expression of Id1 played a key role in the BCR/ABL-mediated cell invasion in vitro, but not in protection from apoptosis in the absence of growth factors and in promotion of growth factor-independent proliferation. Leukemogenesis in mice was prolonged after injection of BCR/ABL-positive cells, in which Id-1 was downregulated by the antisence cDNA. In addition, infiltration of central nervous system (CNS) by leukemia cells was also reduced if Id-1 was inhibited. Id1 was responsible for BCR/ABL-induced production of MMP9 metalloproteinase. Abrogation of MMP9 catalytic activity by a selective inhibitor or blocking antibody decreased the invasive capability of leukemia cells. These data indicate that BCR/ABL→STAT5→Id1→MMP9 pathway may play a critical role in the BCR/ABL-dependent leukemogenesis by regulation of the invasive capability of leukemia cells. Moreover, this pathway may protect CML cells from imatinib mesylate (IM) by facilitation of their localization in CNS, a sanctuary for leukemia cells during IM therapy.
Ecotourism as a Means of Sustaining Livelihood, Wildlife Management and Biodiversity Conservation-A Case in Nameri National Park of Assam: India

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Community-based Ecotourism (CBET) is an emerging concept. It is being discussed as an important tool for economically benefiting communities that have a feature that fulfils a tourist’s desire for uniqueness. Ecotourism is potentially important for communities reside nearby protected areas. Here, an attempt has been made to evaluate ecotourism initiatives in Nameri National Park, steps that have been introduced by the Assam (Bhorelli) Angling and Conservation Association (ABACA). This association began naturebased tourism ventures in 1956, bringing benefits to the local populace in terms of income, improved infrastructure, employment opportunities and exposure. The community’s capacity to facilitate resourcerelated conflicts has improved following support from development institutions along with facilities provided by the organization. An expanding livelihood base and sustainable biodiversity management measures are reducing locally the vulnerability of resources and man-animal conflicts. The present research is based on data collected using semi-structured interviews, updated using information gathered during successive local meetings. A process of triangulation was followed whereby key informants and focus groups were interviewed and different sites (e.g., homestead, ecocamp, village market, river bank and in the forest) visited. A snowball sampling procedure was used to collect information. Interview questions touched on livelihood options, wildlife conservation and tourist resource management. The evidence collected confirms that the numbers of wildlife (including charismatic species) in the park have either remained stable or increased. The number of White Winged Wood Duck (Cairina scutulata), a critically endangered avian species, now stands at 424, having risen from low numbers at the time of project inception in 1981. Elephant, bird species and bush-loving wildlife have more than doubled following an increase in plant biomass plus anti-poaching campaigns spearheaded by community members who reside near the park. This paper confirms the concept of community-based ecotourism as a means of promoting sustainable management initiatives and producing benefits for communities that live on the fringe of Nameri National Park.
Interspecies normalization of dose response relationship for adeno-associated virus-mediated hemophilia gene therapy -- application to first-in-human dose prediction

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Establishing dose response relationships in targeted patients is foundational in the development of therapeutic drugs including gene therapy products. Enlightened by interspecies normalization of plasma drug concentration-time curves using Dedrick plot, the author of this manuscript first demonstrated the feasibility of normalizing dose-response relationship of adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated hemophilia gene therapy products in multiple species to a species-invariant scale. Preclinical dose-response relationships of eight AAV vectors were normalized using an exponent of 0.25 and applied to first-in-human (FIH) dose prediction. The performance of this dose-response normalization approach for FIH dose prediction was compared to that of direct body weight-based dose conversion and allometric scaling approaches. The study results suggested that in addition to hemophilia dogs and non-human primates, inclusion of larger animal models (e.g., swine and cattle) in preclinical dose-finding studies of AAV vectors might improve the performance of interspecies dose-response normalization approach. Furthermore, it was found that AAV capsid-specific T cell responses in hemophilia patients might cause underprediction of FIH dose while novel bioengineered capsids with a high transduction efficiency specifically in human hepatocytes might cause overprediction of FIH dose. These factors should be considered when dose-response is extrapolated from preclinical species to patients.
Correlation Analysis between Yield and Physical and Chemical Properties of Branches Growth of Secondary Bearing Castanea mollissima

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Stepwise regression and variance analysis on correlation between yield and physical and chemical properties of branches growth of secondary bearing Castanea mollissima showed that the amount of bearing branches and female flower, P content in branches had positive correlation with the thickness of bearing branches but negative with N content. P content in bearing branches had negative correlation with N content, but positive with the amount of bearing branches and female flowers. Analysis on two times of development and bearing of secondary bearing C. mollissima in-dicated a negative correlation between two bearings.
Acute Glossitis and Septicemia Owing to Haemophilus influenzae Type B

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Acute bacterial glossitis occurs infrequently, judging by the lack of reported cases in the English literature.Pseudomonassp and hemolytic streptococci have been implicated as causative agents of suppurative parenchymatous glossitis.1Two cases of acute glossitis owing toHaemophilus influenzaetype B have been reported, both of them within the past three years.2.3We report another case of Hinfluenzaetype B glossitis to further promote awareness and recognition of this disease. Report of a Case.—This 4-year-old boy complained of a swollen and painful tongue. He was well until the evening prior to consultation when he complained of a vague discomfort of the tongue. Inspection of the child's mouth by his father did not yield any unusual findings. The child's buccal cavity was sprayed with a mouthwash and he was put to bed. Early the next morning, the patient woke up complaining of increased lingual pain. Swallowing was