jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The mechanism of the releasing action of amphetamine. Uptake, superfusion, and electrophysiological studies on transporter-transfected cells

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract Amphetamine analogues are able to induce signs of neurotoxicity in the brain. In order to understand this type of neurotoxicity, the interaction of amphetamine with its molecular targets must be elucidated. These molecular targets are plasmalemmal and vesicular monoamine transporters. We investigated the interaction of amphetamine with these transporters in cells transfected with the respective cDNA. Superfusion and whole-cell, patch-clamp experiments were performed, and the toxicity of substrates of the transporters was studied. Amphetamine was taken up by dopamine transporter-expressing cells in a sodium-dependent and cocaine-blockable manner. Furthermore, it elicited inward currents in these cells concentration-dependently. Correlation of uptake, release, and patch-clamp experiments suggest that ion fluxes induced by substrate-gating on transporters may significantly contribute to the releasing action of amphetamine and of other transporter substrates. Dopamine accumulation into serotoninergic terminals depleted of serotonin by 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine was discussed as a mechanism of Ecstasy-toxicity. This is in agreement with a toxic effect of intracellular dopamine which could be demonstrated on our transporter-overexpressing cells. These results, apart from their relevance for the toxicity by amphetamine analogues, may also have bearings on the mechanisms in neurodegenerative diseases affecting monoamine transmitters.
A pilot study of extremely low-frequency magnetic fields in advanced non-small cell lung cancer: Effects on survival and palliation of general symptoms

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The inhibitory effects of magnetic fields (MFs) on tumor cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo have been reported in previous studies. However, the effects of MFs in the treatment of cancer have not been described in clinical trials. We investigated the effects of 420 r/min, 0.4-T extremely low-frequency MFs (ELF-MFs) on the survival and palliation of general symptoms in 13 advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Toxicity and side-effects were assessed according to WHO criteria. The treatment area included the primary tumor site, metastatic sites and metastatic lymph nodes. Additionally, the patients were treated 2 h per day, 5 days per week for 6–10 weeks. The changes in general symptoms were analyzed during ELF-MF treatment and 2 weeks after the completion of therapy. Results of physical examination, routine analysis of blood, ECG and liver function, biochemical and kidney function tests were evaluated before and following treatment. All 13 patients were followed up by outpatient service or telephone interview. Our results demonstrated that decreased pleural effusion, remission of shortness of breath, relief of cancer pain, increased appetite, improved physical strength, regular bowel movement and better sleep quality was detected in 2 (15.4%), 5 (38.5%), 5 (38.5%), 6 (46.2%), 9 (69.2%), 1 (7.7%) and 2 (15.4%) patients, respectively. However, the palliation of symptoms in 2 (15.4%) patients was observed during therapy and disappeared at treatment termination. No severe toxicity or side-effects were detected in our trial. The median survival was 6.0 months (95% CI, 1.0–11.0). The 1- and 2-year survival rates were 31.7 and 15.9%, respectively. This study is the first to describe survival and palliation of general symptoms in advanced NSCLC patients treated with ELF-MFs. As an effective, well-tolerated and safe treatment choice, ELF-MFs may prolong survival and improve general symptoms of advanced NSCLC patients. However, this treatment strategy requires further research.
Constantinople in the Middle Ages

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract Identifies an early depiction of the Serpent Column on a silver ink-pot now in Padua. Considers several themes in Medieval Byzantine thought, notably the role of animate statues, the Particular Judgment, snakes and ladders in art and thought, and the Last Judgment. Notes when and why many bronze statues were destroyed, although the Serpent Column was not. Considers the image of the serpent in temptation, and how this may allow us to identify a medieval name for the Serpent Column. Discusses accounts by Russian travelers to Constantinople who describe the hippodrome and Serpent Column in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries.
BREAST CANCER;

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: To assess the risk factors for breast cancer in patients attending oncology OPD of civil hospital Karachi, Pakistan. Introduction: Breast cancer is the single largest cause of death among women1,2. The probability of American woman developing breast cancer in their life is 7 in 11. Studies from subcontinent show that the incidence of breast cancer is increasing, with an estimated 80,000 new cases diagnosed annually. Breast cancer is the second most common type of cancer after lung cancer in Pakistan and ranked first in women. Only 10% women are diagnosed, out of them, 75% women do not get treatment and die within 5 years6. Data from Pakistan about the risk factors or association is not only scanty but also does not comment on the use of fatty diet in breast cancer patients. Method: A cross-sectional descriptive study conducted at Oncology OPD of civil hospital Karachi (CHK) from October 2009 -April 2011. One Hundred and Fifty consecutive patients having histopathalogical diagnosis of breast cancer were assessed for different risk factors that included marital status, parity, age, menopausal status, family history of breast cancer, prolong use of oral contraceptives, breast feeding, , early menarche, trauma to the breast and fatty diet. Result: Mean age of patients was 48 years. Three fourth (73%) of these female were above the age of 40 years. Consumption of fatty diet was found in 62.67% while positive family history of breast cancer was present in 34% of the cases. Early menarche and being nulliparous were not as strong risk factors as in previous studies. Conclusions: Our study has highlighted the need of further exploration in this area that would not only help this population but also enhance our understanding of different risk factors. This will have important implications for the overall management of breast cancer.
Transient thermal-hydraulic experiments: N-Reactor inlet connector break

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

An N-Reactor inlet connector piping break was investigated in a laboratory study to determine the effect of this break on the affected process tube`s thermal-hydraulic performance. A full-scale mock-up of the piping between the inlet and outlet risers was used which included actual reactor valves and fittings. An electrically heated half-length section which was equivalent to the downstream half of the reactor fuel column was used to model the heat-generating portion. The simulation of the connector break at the inlet riser was made possible by actuation of high-speed valves. Six runs were made for these tests. Two runs were at 350 psi with initial flow rates of 47,000 lb/hr and test section powers of zero and 1,250 kw. Four runs were made at 1,400 psi with initial flow rates of 85,000 lb/hr and test section powers of zero and 2,500 kw. During two of these runs at 1,400 psi, the butterfly valve was closed to its stop during the flow reversal with scram delays of 1.5 and 5.0 seconds between the time of the ``connector break`` and the start of power reduction. Experimental results are given.
Prenatal sonographic detection of fetal facial malformations.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abnormalities of the fetal face were diagnosed prenatally by ultrasound in six cases. These included four cases of cleft lip and palate, one case of cyclopia with holoprosencephaly, and one case of fetal facial hemangioma. Of the fetuses with cleft lip and palate, one had trisomy 13, and one had Pierre Robin syndrome. Facial anomalies detected by ultrasound may suggest the presence of other accompanying malformations and may sometimes warrant chromosomal studies. Thus, careful imaging of the fetal face is an important part of ultrasound examination when evaluating the fetus at risk.
FLUID-STRUCTURE INTERACTION RELATED ASPECTS DURING THE GROUTING OF CRACKS IN CONCRETE

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Fluid Structure Interaction (FSI) processes in cracked systems generally may be assigned to “Hydraulic Fracturing”, which in the field of petroleum-engineering is well understood by mathematical and numerical descriptions and utilisation in situ. However there is a further important aspect related to this technique but opposite in the objective – grouting of cracked concrete structures under the aspect of full rehabilitation. Unfortunately uncontrolled grouting may sometimes cause an opposite effect, e.g. creating of new cracks or further crack propagation. Based on the understanding of the closely coupled process between the injected fluid and the structural response especially the Stress Intensity Factor development at the crack front may serve as an efficient control parameter during the grouting procedure.
Bistability in the synchronization of actuated microfilaments

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Cilia and flagella are essential building blocks for biological fluid transport and locomotion at the micrometre scale. They often beat in synchrony and may transition between different synchronization modes in the same cell type. Here, we investigate the behaviour of elastic microfilaments, protruding from a surface and driven at their base by a configuration-dependent torque. We consider full hydrodynamic interactions among and within filaments and no slip at the surface. Isolated filaments exhibit periodic deformations, with increasing waviness and frequency as the magnitude of the driving torque increases. Two nearby but independently driven filaments synchronize their beating in-phase or anti-phase. This synchrony arises autonomously via the interplay between hydrodynamic coupling and filament elasticity. Importantly, in-phase and anti-phase synchronization modes are bistable and coexist for a range of driving torques and separation distances. These findings are consistent with experimental observations of in-phase and anti-phase synchronization in pairs of cilia and flagella and could have important implications on understanding the biophysical mechanisms underlying transitions between multiple synchronization modes.
OPTIMAL STANDING LONG JUMP SIMULATION FROM DIFFERENT STARTING POSTURES

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A planar 4-segment human body model is used to simulate and study the effects of starting posture on standing long jumping performance. The model consists of frictionless hinge joints and is driven by joint torque actuators. The four segments represent feet, shanks, thighs, and trunk with head and arms. Movement simulations start from three different postures: high squat, squat, and low squat. The control variables are the joint torque activation levels and takeoff time. The objective function is the maximum horizontal distance from the toe point at takeoff to the center of mass (c.m.) position at landing. Optimal simulation results agree reasonably well with measurements. Different from previous high jump simulation study, slight dependence of initial posture on jump distance is found. Longer jump distance from a higher initial posture is probably due to greater range of countermovement that results in larger extension joint torque generation.
Physical Attractiveness and Candidate Evaluation: A Model of Correction

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Voters typically evaluate an attractive candidate more favorably than an (otherwise equivalent) unattractive candidate. However, some voters “correct” for the biasing influence of physical appearance. This reduces, eliminates, or even reverses the physical attractiveness effect. Correction occurs when political experts evaluate a political candidate under nondistracting conditions. Under these “high cognitive capacity” conditions, voters primarily correct for physical unattractiveness. However, correction fails to occur when voters possess low levels of expertise or are distracted. Thus, in most circumstances, attractive candidates are evaluated more favorably than unattractive candidates. Two experiments provide support for this model of appearance‐based candidate evaluation.
Terminally investing males fake body odors to females but not microbiome odors

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract

Male Tenebrio molitor enhance sex odor attractiveness when immunocompromised by an artificial implant that activates their immune system. We examined how females evaluate the health status of implanted (treatment) and control males based not only on their sex pheromones, but also on their fecal odors. Odor discs of three groups were collected from treatment and control males: body, fecal, and ‘body and fecal’ scents. We measured male survival and time spent by females investigating discs they were presented with and compared between treatments for the three odor groups. Treatment males perished at a greater rate than controls. Females spent more time on treatment body discs, less time on fecal discs, and had no preference for ‘body and fecal’ discs when compared to control males. We conclude that terminally investing males fake their sex odors to females, yet they cannot fake their microbiome odors, supporting the fermentation hypothesis of chemical communication.
Effect of various surface treatments of tooth – colored posts on bonding strength of resin cement

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

"nBackground and Aim: Various studies have shown that reliable bond at the root - post - core interfaces are critical for the clinical success of post - retained restorations. Severe stress concentration at post - cement interface increases post debonding from the root. To form a bonded unit that reduces the risk of fracture, it is important to optimize the adhesion. Therefore, some post surface treatments have been proposed. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of various surface treatments of tooth - colored posts on the bonding of resin cement. "nMaterials and Methods: In this interventional study, 144 tooth colored posts were used in 18 groups (8 samples in each group). The posts included quartz fiber (Matchpost), glass fiber (Glassix), and zirconia ceramic (Cosmopost) and the resin cement was Panavia F 2.0. The posts received the following surface treatments: 1- No surface treatment (control group), 2- Etching with HF and silane, 3- Sandblasting with Cojet sand, 4- Sandblasting with Cojet sand and application of silane, 5- Sandblasting with alumina particles, 6- Sandblasting with alumina particles and application of silane. Then, posts were cemented into acrylic molds with Panavia F 2.0 resin cement. The specimens were placed in water for 2 days and debonded in pull - out test. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA followed by Tamhane and Tukey HSD. Failure modes were observed under a stereomicroscope (10 ). P&lt;0.05 was considered as the significant level. "nResults: Surface treatments (sandblasting with Cojet and alumina particles ,with or without silane) resulted in improved bond strength of resin cement to glass fiber post (Glassix) and zirconia ceramic (Cosmopost) [p&lt;0/05], but not to the quartz fiber post (Matchpost). In general, higher bond strengths resulted in a to higher percentage of cohesive failures within the cement. "nConclusion: Based on the results of this study, sandblasting with cojet and alumina particles increases bond strength of resin cement to glass fiber post (Glassix) and zirconia ceramic (Cosmopost).Generally, the bond strength of resin cement to the posts is affected by the post's composition and surface treatment.
An induced blood pressure rise does not alter upper airway resistance in sleeping humans

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Wilson, Christine R., Shalini Manchanda, David Crabtree, James B. Skatrud, and Jerome A. Dempsey. An induced blood pressure rise does not alter upper airway resistance in sleeping humans. J. Appl. Physiol. 84(1): 269–276, 1998.—Sleep apnea is associated with episodic increases in systemic blood pressure. We investigated whether transient increases in arterial pressure altered upper airway resistance and/or breathing pattern in nine sleeping humans (snorers and nonsnorers). A pressure-tipped catheter was placed below the base of the tongue, and flow was measured from a nose or face mask. During non-rapid-eye-movement sleep, we injected 40- to 200-μg iv boluses of phenylephrine. Parasympathetic blockade was used if bradycardia was excessive. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) rose by 20 ± 5 (mean ± SD) mmHg (range 12–37 mmHg) within 12 s and remained elevated for 105 s. There were no significant changes in inspiratory or expiratory pharyngeal resistance (measured at peak flow, peak pressure, 0.2 l/s or by evaluating the dynamic pressure-flow relationship). At peak MAP, end-tidal CO 2 pressure fell by 1.5 Torr and remained low for 20–25 s. At 26 s after peak MAP, tidal volume fell by 19%, consistent with hypocapnic ventilatory inhibition. We conclude that transient increases in MAP of a magnitude commonly observed during non-rapid-eye-movement sleep-disordered breathing do not increase upper airway resistance and, therefore, will not perpetuate subsequent obstructive events.
Transform to Open Science October Community Panel Summary Report

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

NASA's Transform to Open Science (TOPS) held a virtual community panel October 5-6, 2022. Each day the team presented TOPS upcoming plans for the Year of Open Science and highlighted emerging trends, success stories, and lessons learned with open science experts. This Panel Summary Report contains a summary of presentations given by TOPS and TOPS partners to the panelists and an overview of panelists’ feedback on strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats regarding the presented information. This feedback will be used to improve TOPS plans for the open science curriculum (OpenCore), community engagement, and overall missions and goals.
Characterizing the Uncertainty and Assessing the Value of Gap-Filled Daily Rainfall Data in Hawaii

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Almost all daily rainfall time series contain gaps in the instrumental record. Various methods can be used to fill in missing data using observations at neighboring sites (predictor stations). In this study, five computationally simple gap-filling approaches—normal ratio (NR), linear regression (LR), inverse distance weighting (ID), quantile mapping (QM), and single best estimator (BE)—are evaluated to 1) determine the optimal method for gap filling daily rainfall in Hawaii, 2) quantify the error associated with filling gaps of various size, and 3) determine the value of gap filling prior to spatial interpolation. Results show that the correlation between a target station and a predictor station is more important than proximity of the stations in determining the quality of a rainfall prediction. In addition, the inclusion of rain/no-rain correction on the basis of either correlation between stations or proximity between stations significantly reduces the amount of spurious rainfall added to a filled dataset. For large gaps, relative median errors ranged from 12.5% to 16.5% and no statistical differences were identified between methods. For submonthly gaps, the NR method consistently produced the lowest mean error for 1- (2.1%), 15- (16.6%), and 30-day (27.4%) gaps when the difference between filled and observed monthly totals was considered. Results indicate that gap filling prior to spatial interpolation improves the overall quality of the gridded estimates, because higher correlations and lower performance errors were found when 20% of the daily dataset is filled as opposed to leaving these data unfilled prior to spatial interpolation.
Learning Styles and Emotional Intelligence Levels of University Teacher Candidates

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this research was to examine the learning styles of prospective teachers in terms of emotional intelligence with some other variables. Grasha-Reichmann’s learning style scale prepared by Grasha-Reichmann (1994) and Turkish version of which was adapted by Sarıtaş and Süral (2010) was used to measure the learning styles of students who are candidates to become teachers. Their emotional intelligence was measured using this scale. The study group of the research composed of 406 university teacher candidates who were studying in the Education faculty in the academic year of 2016/2017. The research was carried out using the relational screening model. A significant relationship between subscales of learning styles and emotional intelligence sub-dimensions was found. In addition, significant differences were found in the dependent learning style and participative learning style sub-dimensions of learning styles according to the genders of teacher candidates. A significant level of differentiation was seen in the independent learning style, dependent learning style, competitive learning style and avoidant learning style sub-dimensions.
Returning Citizens? The Path from Prison to Politics Among the Formerly Incarcerated

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This project examines the experiences of a group of formerly incarcerated persons involved in community organizing efforts for felon empowerment. Scholarly works often focus on what is being done on behalf of the formerly incarcerated, this work highlights how men and women with records advocate for themselves. Drawing on 18 months of participant observation and 18 in-depth interviews with a Chicago based group called FORCE (Fighting to Overcome Records and Create Equality) I found that meanings of redemption were essential to advocacy and operated as an imperative. The redemption imperative both constrained and enabled advocacy. It constrained advocacy in its narrow formulation of redemption. In this formulation the redeemed were those who were able to demonstrate qualities such as being educated, persons of faith, and who made the decision to “turn their lives around.” However, FORCE members, through redemption were empowered to engage politically. This engagement sometimes led to expanded rights by exposing discrimination. Redemption also had its limits as a resource for political engagement. FORCE members were not always able to convince legislators, and community members of their redeemed status. These findings call into question the perpetual nature of proving redemption in the lives of the formerly incarcerated, and the irony of its limitations as a resource for empowerment.
Quantitative relation between absolute and relative measures of Cephus fumipennis [Hymenoptera: Cephidae] densities

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Cephus fumipennis Eversmann is a key insect pest of wheat crops in Qinghai, China. Its field population densities were surveyed by using both the back-loaded insect vacuum and a sweep net. Mean densities in township-level were calculated and a quantitative relation, , was established between the two sampling methods. The empirical relationship may be applicable in density monitoring and Integrated Pest Management program of the insect.