jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Effect of application times of nitrogen fertilizer (~(15)N) on dry matter accumulation,yield and quality in sugarcane

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

To take no nitrogen fertilizer as the control,three treatments were desiged with equal amount nitrogen of 5g 15N-labeled urea/pot but applied in 1,2 and 3 splits respectively,to study the effects of application times of nitrogen fertilizer on dry matter accumulation,yield and quality in sugarcane varieties ROC22.T1 received 1 split which whole nitrogen of 5g/pot was applied at sowing time;T2 received 2 splits which 2.5g /pot nitrogen at sowing time and 2.5g/pot at tillering stage,respectively;T3 received 3 splits which 1.5g/pot at sowing time,1.5g/pot at tillering stage and 2.0g/pot at elongation stage,respectively.The results were as follows: with increase the times of nitrogen fertilizer application,dry matter accumulation,stalk yield and sugar yield of sugarcane increased significantly,while sucrose content in sugarcane stalk decreased slightly.The effect of different application times of nitrogen fertilizer on dry matter accumulation was significant differences in organs and growth stages of sugarcane.
Muscarine Reduces Calcium-Dependent Electrical Activity in Substantia Nigra Dopaminergic Neurons

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The effect of muscarine on Ca 2+ dependent electrical activity was studied in dopamine (DA) neurons located in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) in brain slices from young rats, using sharp electrodes. In most DA neurons tested, muscarine (50 μM) reduced the amplitude of spontaneous oscillatory potentials and evoked Ca 2+ -dependent potentials recorded in the presence of TTX. Muscarine also reduced the amplitude of the slow afterhyperpolarization (sAHP) following action potentials in most DA neurons. These data suggest that muscarine reduces Ca 2+ entry in SNc DA neurons. The reduction of the amplitude of the sAHP by muscarine in DA neurons may facilitate bursting initiated by glutamatergic input by increasing the frequency at which DA neurons can fire. The reduction of the sAHP via activation of muscarinic receptors in vivo may provide a mechanism whereby cholinergic inputs to DA neurons from the tegmental peduncular pontine nucleus could modulate dopamine release at dopaminergic targets in the brain.
Effects of Alpha-Lytic Therapy Withdrawal on Choroidal Parameters in Intraoperative Floppy Iris Syndrome High-Risk Patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background/Objectives: The aim of this study is to investigate the effect on choroidal parameters of drug withdrawal in patients taking α1 adrenergic receptor antagonist (ARA) inhibitors. Methods: In total, 32 eyes of 32 patients under alpha-lytic therapy, and 32 eyes of 32 control subjects, both scheduled for cataract surgery in the fellow eye, were included. EDI-OCT was performed in all patients and subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT), luminal choroidal area (LCA), stromal choroidal area (SCA), total choroidal area (TCA), and choroidal vascularity index (CVI) during the preoperative visit were compared with data approximately 1 month after alpha-lytic withdrawal. The same assessments were performed in the control group. Results: SFCT and LCA were significantly reduced in the patients 1 month after alfa-lytic therapy withdrawal (p < 0.05), whereas in the control group, no changes in choroidal parameters were observed. Conclusions: The data proved that α1ARA inhibitors affected choroidal vessels, whereas no modification of choroidal stroma was observed.
Development of Various Leishmania (Sauroleishmania) tarentolae Strains in Three Phlebotomus Species

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Leishmania (Sauroleishmania) tarentolae is transmitted by reptile-biting sand flies of the genus Sergentomyia, but the role of Phlebotomus sand flies in circulation of this parasite is unknown. Here, we compared the development of L. (S.) tarentolae strains in three Phlebotomus species: P. papatasi, P. sergenti, and P. perniciosus. Laboratory-bred sand flies were membrane-fed on blood with parasite suspension and dissected on days 1 and 7 post blood meal. Parasites were measured on Giemsa-stained gut smears and five morphological forms were distinguished. In all parasite-vector combinations, promastigotes were found in Malpighian tubules, often in high numbers, which suggests that this tissue is a typical location for L. (S.) tarentolae development in sand flies. All three studied strains colonized the hindgut, but also migrated anteriorly to both parts of the midgut and colonized the stomodeal valve. Significant differences were demonstrated between sand fly species: highest infection rates, high parasite loads, and the most frequent anterior migration with colonization of the stomodeal valve were found in P. perniciosus, while all these parameters were lowest in P. sergenti. In conclusion, the peripylarian type of development was demonstrated for three L. (S.) tarentolae strains in three Phlebotomus sand flies. We suggest paying more attention to Phlebotomus species, particularly P. perniciosus and P. papatasi, as potential secondary vectors of Sauroleishmania.
Metal-doped TiO2 photocatalyst as antibacterial - A Review

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Photocatalyst nanomaterials are developing as new materials for many applications. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is a photocatalyst nanomaterial widely applied to solar cells, chemical sensors, health products and paint pigmentation. In this review article, we aim to provide a comprehensive overview of the development of the metal as a TiO2 doping material and its application as an antibacterial. TiO2 as an antimicrobial photocatalyst has been widely reported. Sol-gel synthesis method on semiconductors can make nanoparticle size, not agglomerate, homogeneous, pure and control mass distribution. Metal-doped TiO2 can activate the performance of TiO2 to work on visible light, thereby increasing the performance of TiO2 in its application as an antibacterial. Nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn) and sulfur (S) have been shown to affect increasing the performance of TiO2 to inhibit bacteria in visible light. TiO2/Ni has antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) bacteria. TiO2/Cu has antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli (E.coli), S. aureus, Klebsiella pneumonia (K. Pneumonia) and Saccharomyces sp.. TiO2/Mn/S has antibacterial activity against Bacillus coagulans (B. Coagulans) and (K. Pneumonia). This review can add to the knowledge and the latest developments of metaldoped TiO2 photocatalysts based on antibacterial properties to be applied to water-purifying membranes, skin health and self-cleaning paints.
Modelling agent oriented solutions for the smart grid

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper contributes with a decentralised agent design for a microgrid that uses agent technology for avoiding dumping the excess of energy to a main powerline. The agent design is made with INGENIAS. The agents connect with a microgrid simulator, the SGSimulator and issue commands to control different distributed renewable energy sources. The paper illustrates the benefits of coordination of agents in such scenario through a simple token based protocol.
Android development based education for deaf and dumb people

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In the Modern education takes the student to a different arena for developing their technical skills. The person disable to hear and speak are lagging in this modern education due to the lagging of aiding devices. Many aided devices were developed to help the people who are dumb and deaf to balance their normal life. When viewing from the education sector these people could not balance as like the normal people development. The computer based education may support Deaf and Dump people to learn education through visual video. This article shows the android development application could aid the deaf and dumb people in developing education. The mobile application is developed to upload the topic which wants to learn; the topic will search in the internet and download the materials. Then the downloaded materials convert into signs so that it can be easily understood by those people.
Evaluation and clinical significance of autonomic status of HIV-infected patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The work is devoted to studying of the functional state of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) of HIV infected patients. Heart rate variability, frequency and severity of vegetative manifestations. were studied in 103 HIV-positive patients. The control group consisted of 23 healthy persons. Obtained data revealed changes of the functional state of ANS along with development of hypersympathicotonia and increasing of frequency and severity of vegetative manifestations as the HIV-infection progressed.
DANCE, PHYSICAL FITNESS AND NATION BULDING: WHAT RELATIONSHIP?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This position paper examines the relevance of dance and dance aerobics to attainment of physical fitness and nation building. Literature reviewed indicated that dance as a subset of physical activity is correlated with improvement of both health and performance-related physical fitness. From the Physical and Health Education standpoint, the use of aerobic dance as a preventive and therapeutic intervention in many health, psychological, and social issues was confirmed. It concluded that dance develops physical fitness which in turn builds a socially, psychologically, physically and economically healthy nation. Article visualizations:
Gastrointestinal Carcinoids: Three contrasting presentations as surgical emergencies

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Carcinoids are neuroendocrine tumors and can be present anywhere in the gastrointestinal tract. These malignant tumors have relatively good prognosis after surgical resection when compared to other tumors of the gastrointestinal tract. Patients usually present with vague abdominal pain. Other rare presentations include intestinal obstruction, upper gastrointestinal bleed as hematemesis or malena, intestinal perforation, and carcinoid syndrome. Incidental finding on histopathology is another form of clinical presentation. We report three cases of carcinoid tumors of gastrointestinal tract which presented as different surgical emergencies namely, hematemesis, intra-abdominal abscess, and intestinal obstruction. Their clinical presentation, investigations, and treatment are hereby presented. Prompt evaluation and surgical intervention resulted in a good outcome.
Gel-like granular materials with high durability and high deformability

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Building materials such as concretes and mortar are formed by solidifying granular slabs. Such materials are often fractured by giant forces such as during earthquakes, leading to the collapse of structures and potentially casualties. One avenue of enquiry to prevent cracking would be to realize a material that can maintain a stable shape without being solidified. Here, we focus on sand grains coated with silicone oil, experimentally investigating the Young's modulus of a granular slab where ordinary grains and the coated grains are mixed in a mixing ratio $α$. It is found that the Young's modulus increases rapidly at $α\ge 0.6$. We use numerical simulation to show that this sudden increase in the Young's modulus is caused by a rigidity percolation transition. Furthermore, we are able to show that granular slabs containing coated sand have outstanding deformability without collapsing under large external stress. We believe this may lead to the development of granular materials that are rigid under usual pressures but deformable under more extreme conditions, such as during seismic activity.
The Value 1 Problem Under Finite-memory Strategies for Concurrent Mean-payoff Games

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We consider concurrent mean-payoff games, a very well-studied class of two-player (player 1 vs player 2) zero-sum games on finite-state graphs where every transition is assigned a reward between 0 and 1, and the payoff function is the long-run average of the rewards. The value is the maximal expected payoff that player 1 can guarantee against all strategies of player 2. We consider the computation of the set of states with value 1 under finite-memory strategies for player 1, and our main results for the problem are as follows: (1) we present a polynomial-time algorithm; (2) we show that whenever there is a finite-memory strategy, there is a stationary strategy that does not need memory at all; and (3) we present an optimal bound (which is double exponential) on the patience of stationary strategies (where patience of a distribution is the inverse of the smallest positive probability and represents a complexity measure of a stationary strategy).
A Laurentian provenance for the Dalradian rocks of north Mayo, Ireland, and evidence for an original basement–cover contact with the underlying Annagh Gneiss Complex

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract: Metasediments of the early Dalradian Grampian Group (Erris Group) and probable equivalents (Inishkea Division) structurally overlie Palaeoproterozoic to Neoproterozoic Annagh Gneiss Complex orthogneisses in NW Mayo, Ireland. Sm–Nd isotopic data suggest a Palaeoproterozoic source for the metasediments. K-feldspar and granitoid clasts from the Doonamo Formation, Erris Group, record U–Pb zircon ages of c . 1740 Ma and c . 980 Ma, respectively. These ages are within error of the c . 1730–1750 Ma Mullet gneisses and c . 990 Ma Grenvillian migmatitic leucosomes in the underlying Annagh Gneiss Complex. U–Pb detrital zircon data reveal that the Erris Group was deposited after c . 955 Ma, with predominant input from c . 1640, c . 1500 and c . 990 Ma interpreted Laurentian sources (Labradorian, Pinwarian and Grenvillian terranes, respectively). Limited detrital zircon data from the Inishkea Division yield similarly aged detritus and a tentative maximum depositional age of c . 1005 Ma. Correlation of both sequences with the Scottish Dalradian Grampian Group is considered valid based on detrital zircon U–Pb and whole-rock Sm–Nd data. The clast ages support the hypothesis that the Dalradian unconformably overlies the Annagh Gneiss Complex in north Mayo, whereas the detrital zircon data imply more distal Laurentian sources. Dalradian deposition is thereby tied to the margins of Laurentia. Supplementary material: U–Pb zircon (secondary ion mass spectrometry) data and descriptions of dated zircon grains are available at http://www.geolsoc.org.uk/SUP18414 .
Hepatitis B and C in healthcare professionals at the CNHU-HKM in Cotonou: epidemiological and diagnostic aspects

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major public health problem worldwide. The aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiological and diagnostic aspects of HBV and/or HCV infection among healthcare professionals at the CNHU-HKM in Cotonou. Methods: This was a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study. Data collection was prospective and lasted 2 months, from July 2022 to September 2022 at the university occupational health clinic, then at the university hepato-gastroenterology clinic of the CNHU-HKM in Cotonou. Results: A total of 806 people were included, with a mean age of 43.1 ± 1.9 years and a sex ratio of 1.1. Nurses were in the majority (259; 32.1%), followed by orderlies (185; 23%) and administrative staff (122; 15.1%). HBsAg was positive in 51 subjects, for a prevalence of 6.3%, and anti-HCV antibody in 6 subjects, for a prevalence of 0.7%. Of these positive cases, 23 returned for further investigations, 78.2% of them asymptomatic. Among HBsAg carriers, 13 were chronically HBeAg-negative (59.1%). None of the subjects had cirrhosis or hepatocarcinoma. There were no factors significantly associated with the presence of HBsAg in healthcare professionals. Conclusion: This study shows that hepatitis B and C are common among all health professionals at this hospital, and are usually asymptomatic. Systematic screening (at the time of hiring) is therefore desirable, in order to ensure adequate care and contribute to the eradication of these scourges in Benin.
DYADIC PREDICTORS OF AGING SATISFACTION: RELATIONSHIP QUALITY MODULATES THE IMPACT OF HEALTH RESTRICTIONS

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract How individuals develop perceptions of their own aging process is receiving increasing attention. While own age-related experiences are important, the aging of close others, such as parents, has been also found to play a role. Of particular interest may be parental health, yet relationship quality aspects may influence the extent to which health restrictions affect the children’s aging perceptions. Dyadic data from the Swiss “Aging Together” study were analyzed (dyad N = 98, Parent Mage = 83.85; Child Mage = 56.43). For parents, actor-partner interdependence models indicated a negative relationship between health restrictions and aging satisfaction; the more health restrictions they experienced, the less happy they were with their aging process. Parental health restrictions also played a role for children’s aging satisfaction, but the effect was dependent on how the relationship with the parent was perceived by the child; parents’ health restrictions were negatively associated with aging satisfaction of children who reported better relationship quality (i.e., less conflictual), but not with aging satisfaction of children who reported worse relationship quality (i.e., more conflictual). In addition, when the parent was more restricted, children who perceived the parent as more supportive showed lower levels of aging satisfaction, compared to children who perceived the parent as less supportive. Lastly, children’s own health restrictions had no negative impact on their aging satisfaction when they perceived the parent as more supportive. In sum, health restrictions may influence both dyadic partners’ aging satisfaction, but relationship quality modulates their impact.
Screening of a point charge by an anisotropic medium: Anamorphoses in the method of images

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We extend the classical dielectric image problem for an external point charge interacting with a semi-infinite medium to the case of an anisotropic dielectric. We show that the exterior potential is a solution to an unconventional image problem. By contrast the interior potential is not a solution to any simple image system; instead it can be obtained through an anamorphic transformation of an image solution. We calculate the volume bound charge density that is induced within the anisotropic dielectric and distinguishes it from an isotropic medium where the volume density vanishes. This solution provides a very simple and physically relevant example in which the physics of the surface and volume bound charge densities in a polarized dielectric can be analyzed.
Proposal of a New Index for Regional Planning "1 Day Accessible Population" and its Application to the Fourth National Comprehensive Development Plan

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In the planning process of The Fourth National Comprehensive Development Plan, a new index “1 Day Accessible Population” which evaluates the transportation network in Japan and the convenience of each regions by the accessibility to the people in different regions. This index is calculated from the minimum time distance between the regions and the population of each regions. It is shown that this index is suitable to show the effect of the construction of the various transportation facilities and the “nearness” between regions.
Detection of Practical Primary Users in Severe Noise Environments for Cognitive Radio

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Cognitive radio (CR) is one of the compelling ideas to solve the spectrum scarcity problem for rapid developments in wireless communication systems. In CR systems, signal detection for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems in severe noise environments is a key challenge. The area of practical primary user detection has not been explored in depth. The proposed method is an effective method for sensing OFDM applications, which are the practical primary users, for low signal-to-noise (SNR) cases. In the proposed method, the parallel combination of the comb filter and the time-domain autocorrelation function is exploited. The detection performance is measured for various OFDM system applications, including the IEEE 802.11a wireless LAN (WLAN) radio interface, long-term evaluation (LTE), and digital audio broadcasting (DAB) for various CP ratios under 16-quadrature amplitude modulation (16-QAM) and 64-quadrature amplitude modulation (64-QAM) over multipath Rayleigh fading channels with additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN). Furthermore, the OFDM sensing is possible in the presence of noise uncertainty and the sensing performance is compared under consideration with and without noise uncertainty cases. The simulation results demonstrated that our proposed method undoubtedly improves the sensing performances (up to 11 dB SNR gain) of practical primary users more than the conventional spectrum detection methods for low SNR cases.
Two years oral use of chlorhexidine in man

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

The general objectives of this study were to examine the long term effects of daily chlorhexidine application on the development of dental plaque, calculus and periodontal pathology and to monitor changes in oral microbiology and any systemic or local side effects following prolonged use of chlorhexidine over a period of two years. An experimental group of 61 medical and dental students used 10 ml. of 0.2 per cent aqueous solution of chlorhexidine gluconate daily in addition to tooth brushing and interdental cleansing. A control group of 59 students used a placebo solution in addtion to tooth brushing and interdental cleansing. Assessment of selected oral and systemic parameters took place at regular intervals throughout the experiment. The results show that, when compared to the placebo solution, chlorhexidine treatment reduced plaque and gingivitis, but tended to stain teeth. Stains were readily removed by a conventional dental prophylaxis procedure. The chlorhexidine group tended to exhibit a greater amount of supragingival calculus. There were no other local side effects relative to the structure and function of the oral mucosa, tongue, salivary glands and pharyngeal complex, following the prolonged use of chlorhexidine.
Extent and localization of conformational changes in troponin C caused by calcium binding. Spectral studies in the presence and absence of 6 M urea.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

TnC was prepared as previously described ( 16).Concentrations of TnC were determined by the difference in absorbance of tyrosine ' The abbreviations used are: TnC, troponin C; GdmCl, guanidinium chloride; Hepes, 4-(2.hydroxyethyl)-l-piperazineethanesulfonicacid.12732
RELATIONSHIP OF MINERAL AND VITAMIN SUPPLEMENTATION WITH MASTITIS AND MILK QUALITY

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Several trace minerals and vitamins have a direct effect on the function of the immune system and therefore could have a direct effect on the ability of a cow to combat mastitis. Smith et al. (1984) was the first to show a direct link between mineral and vitamin (selenium and vitamin E) nutrition and mastitis. Since that paper was published other research has shown relationships between vitamin A and B-carotene and mastitis. A limited amount of published data is available on the effects of copper and zinc on mastitis. The purpose of this paper is to briefly review clinical data on the effects of minerals and vitamins on mastitis, discuss how the newly published nutrient guidelines (NRC, 2001) pertain to mastitis, and present nutritional guidelines with respect to improved mammary gland health.