jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
The influence of a professional development on teachers’ and carers’ multilingual practices in early childhood education in Luxembourg

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The need for multilingual pedagogies has been recognized and several multilingual programmes have been implemented in early childhood in Europe. In Luxembourg, where this study is based, laws were voted in 2017 that require early years practitioners to develop Luxembourgish, familiarize children with French, and value home languages. To develop inclusive multilingual practices, the authors of this presentation developed a 30-hour professional development programme (thereafter PD) which was long-term, collaborative, inquiry-based, performance-oriented, and included coaching. The participants carried out and video-record activities based on books and rhymes in several languages, reflected on these, and received feedback. This case-study examines the influence of the PD on the understanding of language learning and practices of two teachers and five carers working in schools and crèches. The data stem from a questionnaire completed three times; twelve interviews; six observations of the training; 30 video-recorded activities; ten coaching reports, and emails. The methods of data analysis comprise paired samples t-test, correlational analysis, content analysis and triangulation. The findings show a positive effect of the PD on understanding of language learning and practices. The teachers and some carers developed a better understanding of social constructivist learning theories which influenced their practices that began to focus on interactions between adults and children, and amongst children. The other carers understood the relevance of dialogue and carried out activities in several languages but their overall practice did not change. The findings confirm that collaborative, inquiry-based PD can be transformative (Gaikhorst et al., 2017; Prenger et al., 2017) and change perspectives and practices to some extent (Buschmann & Sachse, 2018). In addition, they add to the dearth of literature on PD on multilingual education in early years (Egert, 2015). Buschmann, A., & Sachse, S. (2018). Heidelberg interaction training for language promotion in early childhood settings. European Journal of Education, 53(1), 66-78. Egert, F. (2015). Meta-analysis on the impact of in-service professional development programs for preschool teachers on quality ratings and child outcomes. Gaikhorst, L., Beishuizen, J. J. J., Zijlstra, B. J. H., & Volman, M. L. L. (2017) The sustainability of a teacher professional development programme for beginning urban teachers, Cambridge Journal of Education, 47(1), 135-154. Prenger, R., Poortman, C. L., & Handelzalts, A. (2017). Factors influencing teachers’ professional development in networked professional learning communities. Teaching and Teacher Education, 68(1), 77-90.
Evaluation of protein quality of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) cultivars using Tetrahymena pyriformis

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Protein quality of eight peanut ( Arachis hypogaea L) cultivars was evaluated using chemical, biological and microbiological techniques. The chemical score for S‐amino acids and lysine in peanut cultivars ranged from 37 to 50 and 47 to 55%, respectively. Protein efficiency ratio and relative nutritive value of peanut proteins varied significantly from 1.45 to 1.76 and 45.6 to 54.2%, respectively. Relative nutritive value was significantly associated with chemical score (r = 0.98**) and protein efficiency ratio (r = 0.88**), and therefore could be used as a quick method to measure protein quality of peanut cultivars.
Supplemental Video 1: Urea-amino-sugar agent clears the murine liver and preserves protein fluorescence and lipophilic dyes

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Supplemental Video 1. Di-D, Di-I, and GFP preservation in the murine liver cleared with Ub-1. 3D video rendered by confocal microscopy shows Di-D-labelled biliary tree (red) and Di-I-labelled vasculature (blue). Prom1-expressing HPCs labelled with GFP (green)
Results of Surgical Treatment of Varicose Veins

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The relative advantages of different procedures in treating varicose veins were assessed in a study of the late results in 416 patients. More than half were followed up for 7 to 14 years. Although the location and severity of the varicosities influenced the choice of procedure, it was generally true that the more complete the procedure, the better the result. Previous use of sclerosing injections generally increased the difficulty of subsequent surgery. Treatment was most satisfactory when based on exact diagnosis in the absence of complications from previous injections or surgery, and with correction of abnormal reflux by division and stripping of the great saphenous vein, plus additional attack upon the lesser saphenous and the communicating veins when indicated.
Quick unsupervised hyperspectral dimensionality reduction for earth observation: a comparison

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Dimensionality reduction can be applied to hyperspectral images so that the most useful data can be extracted and processed more quickly. This is critical in any situation in which data volume exceeds the capacity of the computational resources, particularly in the case of remote sensing platforms (e.g., drones, satellites), but also in the case of multi-year datasets. Moreover, the computational strategies of unsupervised dimensionality reduction often provide the basis for more complicated supervised techniques. Seven unsupervised dimensionality reduction algorithms are tested on hyperspectral data from the HYPSO-1 earth observation satellite. Each particular algorithm is chosen to be representative of a broader collection. The experiments probe the computational complexity, reconstruction accuracy, signal clarity, sensitivity to artifacts, and effects on target detection and classification of the different algorithms. No algorithm consistently outperformed the others across all tests, but some general trends regarding the characteristics of the algorithms did emerge. With half a million pixels, computational time requirements of the methods varied by 5 orders of magnitude, and the reconstruction error varied by about 3 orders of magnitude. A relationship between mutual information and artifact susceptibility was suggested by the tests. The relative performance of the algorithms differed significantly between the target detection and classification tests. Overall, these experiments both show the power of dimensionality reduction and give guidance regarding how to evaluate a technique prior to incorporating it into a processing pipeline.
[Peri-lunate wrist dislocation: long-term outcome].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

There is a real functional impairment after posterior peri-lunate dislocation. The differences in outcome we observed were not statistically correlated with type of treatment, probably because of the small number of patients, but did reveal certain tendencies. Closed reduction did not always avoid the development of carpal instability and gave only average results. Percutaneous pinning or open reduction did not improve outcome in pure dislocations. It might be good to use scapho-lunate suture more often to obtain better healing and reduce the risk of carpal instability, as has been suggested by certain teams.
Electrode Engineering for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Excessive carbon dioxide emissions cause severe global warming issues. One efficient way to deal with the problem is to convert CO2 into valuable fuels and chemicals. The electrocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR) has an excellent potential to reduce carbon emissions. Over the past few decades, research in this field has focused on creating high-performance catalysts. However, the overall efficiency of the CO2RR process is limited at the device level, such as slow CO2 mass transportation causing insufficient current density output, which is an urgent issue to be overcome in the design of advanced CO2RR electrolyzers. Recently, gas diffusion electrodes have been intensively investigated to raise the CO2RR performance into commercially relevant current densities by boosting the CO2 mass transport rate. This review focuses on recent research progress on electrode engineering for increasing the CO2RR performance, along with electrode-stabilizing strategies for long-term CO2 electrolysis. Future directions are proposed to accelerate the development of advanced electrodes for industrial CO2 electrolyzers.
Vector autoregressive measures of monetary policy: Issues and critiques.

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This dissertation contains three essays on the empirical measurement of post-war Federal Reserve policy. Each chapter utilizes the vector autoregressive methodology, questioning several results of the current literature. The first examines the price puzzle: a rise in aggregate prices in response to a contractionary monetary policy shock. Conventional wisdom maintains that commodity prices resolve the puzzle because they improve the Federal Reserve's forecast of inflation. However, an investigation of several dozen alternative indicators reveals little correlation between an ability to forecast inflation and resolution of the price puzzle. A sub-sample investigation finds that the price puzzle primarily affects the 1959--1979 period, and that none of the indicators---including commodity prices---resolve the puzzle then. By implication, commodity prices are unlikely to be proxying for supply shocks. These sub-sample results suggest a role for changes in the monetary reaction function. Recent discussions credit Fed policy for the favorable performance of the past fifteen years while blaming it for the 1970s stagflation. But few of these studies attempt to separate policy shifts from other changes in the economy. On the other hand, the VAR literature tends to ignore instability of the endogenous policy rule. Utilizing a common SVAR specification, the second essay finds evidence of a shift in the reaction function around the 1979--1982 Volcker disinflation. However, most variation in the economic dynamics can be attributed to parameter shifts in the non-policy portion of the model. Furthermore, the estimated policy rule differs substantially from a Taylor rule specification. The third essay returns to commodity prices, which usually are treated as exogenous with respect to contemporaneous (if not all) monetary policy actions. Recognizing that commodity prices, as forward-looking flexible prices, react to current and expected future monetary policy, I estimate a structural VAR model of commodity and U.S. consumer price indices. Equiproportional long-run responses of nominal prices to monetary (i.e. nominal) shocks yield identifying restrictions. A significant share of the co-movement of these series is due to (exogenous innovations in) monetary policy, including episodes more commonly attributed to supply shocks.
Updating outsourced anatomized private databases

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We introduce operations to safely update an anatomized database. The result is a database where the view of the server satisfies standards such as k-anonymity or l-diversity, but the client is able to query and modify the original data. By exposing data where possible, the server can perform value-added services such as data analysis not possible with fully encrypted data, while still being unable to violate privacy constraints. Update is a key challenge with this model; nave application of insertion and deletion operations reveals the actual data to the server. This paper shows how data can be safely inserted, deleted, and updated. The key ideas are that data is inserted or updated into an encrypted temporary table until enough data is available to safely decrypt, and that sensitive information of deleted tuples is left behind to ensure privacy of both deleted and undeleted individuals. This approach is proven effective in maintaining the privacy constraint against an adversarial server. The paper also gives empirical results on how much data remains encrypted, and the resulting quality of the server's (anatomized) view of the data, for various update and delete rates.
Correlation of Peripheral Nerve Fiber Loss and Trinucleotide Repeats in Machado-Joseph Disease

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT: Background: Machado-Joseph disease (MJD) is a dominantly inherited cerebellar ataxia associated with spasticity, ophthalmoplegia and dystonia. There has been no report of electrophysiological or histological alterations of the peripheral nervous system in patients with MJD. Methods: Four patients with MJD were identified by polymerase chain reaction. The peripheral nerves of these patients were subjected to electrophysiological testing and histological study. Correlation analyses were made between various clinical parameters and the electrophysiological and histological changes. Results: Electrophysiological studies demonstrated a marked reduction of sensory action potential, acute denervation changes on needle EMG, as well as mild decrease in the compound motor action potential. Light microscopy of the sural nerves revealed clear loss of myelinated fibers, and morphometry studies showed a loss of large myelinated fibers. Moreover, the severity of these pathological changes was found to be related to the CAG repeat length in the MJD gene. Conclusion: Our findings indicated that the peripheral nervous system was frequently affected in patients with MJD. These findings were similar to those seen in Friedreich's ataxia, suggesting a loss of sensory and motor fibers probably following a lesion of the dorsal root ganglion and the anterior horns in the spinal cord. Furthermore, the number of CAG repeats seems to have an inverse relationship to the extent of pathological changes of the peripheral nerves.
The balance of photosynthetic pigments pools and phenolic compounds in dwarf shrubs on the weakly disrupted territory

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The paper identifies photosynthetic pigments pools balance and phenolic compounds in suffruticous species of Vaccinium myrtillus L. and Vaccinium vitis-idaea L. on the Tundrinsky bor territory (Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug Yugra) for the purpose of ecological and biochemical assessment of the valuable plant species status. The authors carry out a comparative analysis of the studied biochemical parameters (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoids and phenolic compounds) of two species leaves, collected from two sample plots similar in landscape and soil and hydrological conditions of the weakly disrupted territory of the Tundrinsky bor territory. The analysis of the suffruticous species leaves for chlorophyll content revealed the following distribution of chlorophyll pools: chlorophyll a 64,96%, chlorophyll b 35,04% for leaves of Vaccinium myrtillus and chlorophyll a 68,28%, chlorophyll b 31, 72% for leaves of Vaccinium vitis-idaea. The average content of carotenoids and phenolic compounds of Vaccinium myrtillus leaves was 0,62 0,11 mg/g and 14,18 1,65 mg/g, respectively, in Vaccinium vitis-idaea leaves 0,52 0,12 mg/g and 18,79 2,25 mg/g, respectively. The correlation analysis showed the presence of a direct average strength correlation (r = 0,4) between the levels of chlorophyll and phenolic compounds in the leaves of Vaccinium vitis-idaea.
An M/G/1 retrial G-queue with optional re-service, impatient customers, multiple working vacations and vacation interruption

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

In this work, we consider a single server retrial queueing system with multiple working vacations and vacation interruption, where the regular busy server is subjected to breakdown due to the arrival of negative customers. After the completion of regular service the positive customers may demand re-service of the previous service without joining the orbit or may leave the system. When the orbit becomes empty at service completion instant for a positive customer; the server goes for multiple working vacations. The steady state probability generating function for the system size and orbit size are obtained by using the method of supplementary variable technique. Some important system performance measures and the mean busy period are obtained. The conditional stochastic decomposition law is shown for good for this model. Finally, the effects of various parameters on the system performance are analysed numerically.
Is Fatigue a Long-term Side Effect of Breast Cancer Treatment?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Fatigue is one of the most common and distressing symptoms experienced by breast cancer survivors. Despite its prevalence, relatively little is known about the characteristics, etiology, or treatment of fatigue in breast cancer survivors. Methods: This report reviews studies that assessed fatigue in breast cancer patients previously treated with adjuvant radiotherapy, adjuvant chemotherapy, or autologous bone marrow transplantation. Results: A review of the literature suggests that breast cancer patients who undergo adjuvant chemotherapy or autologous bone marrow transplantation experience clinically significant levels of fatigue for months or even years following the completion of active treatment. In contrast, there is little evidence that patients who receive only regional therapy (ie, surgery plus adjuvant radiotherapy) experience clinically significant fatigue as a long-term treatment side effect. Conclusions: A growing body of evidence indicates that persistent fatigue can be a long-term side effect of certain forms of breast cancer treatment. The challenges for the future will be to determine the etiology of fatigue among breast cancer survivors and to develop interventions that are effective in preventing or reducing fatigue following breast cancer treatment.
Supplementary methods from TAS-121, A Selective Mutant EGFR Inhibitor, Shows Activity Against Tumors Expressing Various <i>EGFR</i> Mutations Including T790M and Uncommon Mutations G719X

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

<p>Supplementary methods shows "Synthesis of TAS-121" and the metohds that is relevant to the experiments shown in Supplementary datas.</p>
Spatial Organization and the Residential Experience: Black Cincinnati in 1850

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Although the role of strategically situated black Cincinnati as a gateway to freedom in the period before the Civil War has been well documented, the internal structure of this dynamic black urban community and its evolution within the larger urban setting has proved a more elusive subject (Woodson, 1916; Wade, 1954; Ellwein, 1964; Lammermeier, 1970; Riley, 1971; Berlin, 1976; Curry, 1981; Horton, 1984). In the antebellum period, as in our own age, residential location determined the type and quality of housing one might occupy, the employment opportunities and the public and private facilities accessible to the resident, and the overall physical, economic, political, and social setting in which urban residents lived and raised their families. Moreover, in the commercial era, before the advent of modern intraurban transport, the residential structure was the foundation upon which the entire social life and the organizational structure of urban life was built. An understanding of residential patterns, and of the location of the black community in geographic space and in the context of the evolving urban structure, is therefore a critical prerequisite to understanding what life in the antebellum black urban community was like.
The initial value problem for motion of incompressible viscous and heat-conductive fluids in Banach spaces

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We consider the abstract initial value problem for the system of evolution equations which describe motion of incompressible viscous and heat-conductive fluids in a bounded domain. It is difficulty of our problem that we do not neglect the viscous dissipation function in contrast to the Boussinesq approximation. This problem has uniquely a mild solution locally in time for general initial data, and globally in time for small initial data. Moreover, a mild solution of this problem can be a strong or classical solution under appropriate assumptions for initial data. We prove the above properties by the theory of analytic semigroups on Banach spaces.
Unemployment and the underground economy in Australia

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Despite government attempts to reduce welfare benefit fraud in Australia, participation in the underground economy by those claiming to be unemployed continues. Although there exists considerable international literature on the size of the underground economy, academics and public officials alike have paid little attention to the extent of participation in the underground economy by those who claim to be unemployed and in receipt of social security payments. This study provides the first known estimate of how changes in the unemployment rate affect the size and growth of the underground economy in Australia and the likely economic implications this may have for public policy decisions. We find that a number of unemployed Australians prefer to remain unemployed and work surreptitiously in the underground economy, while others, after becoming unemployed and finding legitimate employment, prefer to continue working in the underground economy.
Energy : portraits of production and consumption in Singapore.

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

It would be safe to say that there is not one person in Singapore who does not consume energy in one form or another, because every process in living out his daily life requires it – from cooking to commuting. Some forty years ago, many villages, or kampungs, were still in existence, but not all had wired electricity or piped gas. According to personal accounts, residents cooked over charcoal fires and read by candlelight after dark. Today, offshore dwellings that do not receive electricity from the national grid must use tanked gas for cooking and diesel generators for power. But for most Singaporeans, an advanced domestic infrastructure ensures that our energy needs are taken care of in “backroom processes”, freeing us from having to harness it from the elements. Many Singaporeans are not aware of, or do not know, where their energy that powers the television set comes from. Even if they did, the thought would hardly cross their minds as the process of generating electricity is so far removed from their daily lives that it is almost insignificant, unless they happened to be working in a power plant. Two simple tasks – turning on a light switch to see and turning on the gas to cook – exemplify the concept of instantaneous gratification, when our needs are immediately satisfied, and with very little physical effort on our part. Yet the very task of power generation has spawned an entire industry in Singapore, linking other trades such as fossil-fuel suppliers, heavy equipment manufacturers, realestate suppliers, shipping companies, transmission and power sales agencies. This project aims to show the public – through pictures – the nature and architecture of these power sources in places remote enough that they will either never chance to travel there, or have no reason to. Each facility is an icon in itself, one that the public should recognise and appreciate for all the good – and harm – that it does in powering our nation and our lives.