jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Structure of the hybrid zone between allied species of the common vole, Microtus arvalis and M. obscurus: Influence of genetic factors and landscape-geographic conditions

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Patterns of introgression of several genetic markers across the hybrid zone between allied species of the common vole Microtus arvalis s. str. и M. obscurus were studied in four its sections: in northwest Nizhny Novgorod region, east Vladimir and southwest of Nizhny Novgorod regions, south Lipetsk region, and northwest Voronezh region. Analysis of the clinal variability for three molecular-genetic markers (cytb, tp53, SMCY11) and for karyotypes showed a structural similarity between the “Vladimir – Nizhny Novgorod”, “Nizhny Novgorod”, and “Voronezh” sections. The maximal width was shown for the cytb cline, the minimal width – for the SMCY11 cline; the tp53 cline and chromosomal cline occupy intermediate position for this parameter. Furthermore, in these transects the centre of the cline for the cytb is shifted southeastward (into the distribution range of M. obscurus) from the centres of three other clines. The revealed asymmetric introgression of mitochondrial genome from M. arvalis to M. obscurus may be explained by the fact that the hybrid zone was formed as a result of invasion of M. obscurus into the range of M. arvalis. The “Lipetsk” transect differs from three above-mentioned transects by very narrow clines with nearly coinciding centres. Such characteristics of the “Lipetsk” transect are obviously caused by localization of the hybrid zone in this section along river Voronezh. The obtained results led us to suppose that the structure of the studied hybrid zone is determined mainly by coinciding (or non-coinciding) of its centre with local physical barriers.
Biochar and its effects on soil properties and evapotranspiration: A sustainable solution for plant growth

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

AbstractA pressing need has come to the fore to improve sustainability as well as the use of low-cost agricultural organic materials that boost both poor soil characteristics, leading to better plant growth, while at the same time developing resilience to climate change effects. To achieve this purpose, biochar (BC), a carbon-rich by-product of organic matter pyrolysis under high temperatures and partial or complete hypoxia known for its porous nature, affects both soil physiochemical properties and evapotranspiration (ET). In this article, the history and definition of BC were investigated. Current knowledge about BC’s production process, how BC alters soil’s physical and chemical properties, and the most recent studies on BC soil amendment interaction with various plants’ ET were examined. This review concludes that BC is a paramount carbonaceous material that improves both physical and chemical properties of soils, depending on biochar dose, soil texture and initial soil pH, leading to better moisture and macronutrient availability which possibly be the reason behind increasing ET at low doses of BC amended soils.
RESEARCH ARTICLE Diffused Intra-Oocyte Hydrogen Peroxide Activates Myeloperoxidase and Deteriorates Oocyte Quality

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a relatively long-lived signaling molecule that plays an essen-tial role in oocyte maturation, implantation, as well as early embryonic development. Expo-sure to relatively high levels of H2O2 functions efficiently to accelerate oocyte aging and deteriorate oocyte quality. However, little precise information exists regarding intra-oocyte H2O2 concentrations, and its diffusion to the oocyte milieu. In this work, we utilized an L-shaped amperometric integrated H2O2-selective probe to directly and quantitatively mea-sure the real-time intra-oocyte H2O2 concentration. This investigation provides an exact measurement of H2O2 in situ by reducing the possible loss of H2O2 caused by diffusion or reactivity with other biological systems. This experiment suggests that the intra-oocyte H2O2 levels of oocytes obtained from young animals are reasonably high and remained constant during the procedure measurements. However, the intra-oocyte H2O2 concentra-tion dropped significantly (40-50 % reduction) in response to catalase pre-incubation, sug-gesting that the measurements are truly H2O2 based. To further confirm the extracellular diffusion of H2O2, oocytes were incubated with myeloperoxidase (MPO), and the diffused
Farm Type Effects of an EU‐wide Direct Payment Harmonisation

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Abstract In this study, we analyse how three scenarios involving different levels of harmonisation of common agricultural policy (CAP) decoupled payments in the EU affect the distribution of farm income across regions and farm types. We use the farm type extension of the common agricultural policy impact (CAPRI) model, which captures farm heterogeneity across the EU. The first scenario (NUTS1) assumes uniform per‐hectare payments at the NUTS1 level. The second scenario (MS‐CONV) equalises the per‐hectare rates inside each Member State (MS) and partially harmonises the single payment scheme (SPS) across MS in line with the 2011 Commission proposal. The third scenario simulates a uniform per‐hectare payment at the EU level. Depending on the implementation of the SPS, the NUTS1 flat rate induces a substantial redistribution of payments across farm types and NUTS2 regions, particularly in regions that apply the historical SPS. The MS‐CONV and EU flat‐rate schemes have more significant impacts at the EU‐wide level. In the EU‐15, almost all farms lose payments from MS‐CONV and EU‐wide flat rates, whereas in the EU‐10, almost all farm types gain from these scenarios. Our conservative estimates indicate that the flat‐rate payments could redistribute up to €8.5 billion. Lower land rental costs partially offset the losses of farm income in the EU‐15 from payment redistribution. Land rents drop for all flat‐rate scenarios across most sectors and farm sizes in the EU‐15. In the less productive new MS, the landowners’ rental income is largely unaffected by the introduction of the flat rate.
Self-consistent autocorrelation of a disordered Kuramoto model in the asynchronous state

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The Kuramoto model has provided deep insights into synchronization phenomena and remains an important paradigm to study the dynamics of coupled oscillators. Yet, despite its success, the asynchronous regime in the Kuramoto model has received limited attention. Here, we adapt and enhance the mean-field approach originally proposed by Stiller and Radons [Phys. Rev. E 58, 1789 (1998)1063-651X10.1103/PhysRevE.58.1789] to study the asynchronous state in the Kuramoto model with a finite number of oscillators and with disordered connectivity. By employing an iterative stochastic mean field approximation, the complex N-oscillator system can effectively be reduced to a one-dimensional dynamics, both for homogeneous and heterogeneous networks. This method allows us to investigate the power spectra of individual oscillators as well as of the multiplicative "network noise" in the Kuramoto model in the asynchronous regime. By taking into account the finite system size and disorder in the connectivity, our findings become relevant for the dynamics of coupled oscillators that appear in the context of biological or technical systems.
The Mk 4 and Mk 5 Coaches for British Rail InterCity Part 1: The Mk 4 Coach SpecifiCation and Procurement

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The story of the Mk 4 and Mk 5 coach developments from 1984 to 1991 is told by two members of the BR Project Team specially assembled to manage the procurement and entry into service of the new coaches. The paper is in two parts. Part 1 of the paper opens with a brief résumé of BR coach development from the Mk 1 in 1951 through to the Mk 3 of the early 1970s. The Mk 4 coach was specifically designed for the electrified East Coast Main Line and formed part of a push-pull train called InterCity 225. The coaches were purchased under a new set of competitive procurement rules and as such the project team had to learn to deal with some new problems along with a lot of old ones. Engineering developments were instigated in the areas of ride quality, braking and gangways and these are described. Interior mock-ups were also used to specify InterCity's requirements. The paper reviews preparation of the procurement specification, as well as the process of tendering and placing the contract. The design features of the Mk 4 coach are described, together with a brief description of the production and assembly process.
PREGNANEDIOL EXCRETION IN A MASCULINIZING SYNDROME

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

IN 1937, Butler and Marrian (1) first called attention to the presence of considerable quantities of pregnanediol contaminating pregnanetriol in the urine of women exhibiting signs of virilization. This phenomenon has been studied in cases of virilism, and high pregnanediol values have been detected in cases which were subsequently proven to be carcinoma of of the adrenal cortex. On only one occasion has excessive pregnanediol been found associated with benign lesions. It has been suggested that the presence of pregnanediol in the urine may be of diagnostic value in indicating the presence of adrenal carcinoma. We have had the opportunity of studying a young, white female showing obvious signs of virilism with a continual high pregnanediol excretion. Intensive study has suggested that she represents a typical example of the Stein-Leventhal syndrome. This patient was first seen in October, 1949, being 18 years of age at that time. It was elicited that there was excessive body hair apparent at about the age of 10 years. The secondary sexual characteristics of the female appeared at about 15 years, although there was no menstruation. At the age of 16 years, the patient received hormones of unknown identity which resulted in six or seven episodes of withdrawal bleeding at intervals of from eight to ten weeks, but this ceased with the termination of therapy. Body and facial hair became more excessive at the age of 17 years and the patient was required to shave daily. She reported that there has never been any libido and although married at the age of 17 years, she has derived no satisfaction from her marital relations.
Bifurcation and Stability of the Periodic Motion of a Rotor Bearing System With Pedestal Looseness and Rub-Impact

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A rotor bearing system usually has various faults that could simultaneously exist (e.g., rub-impact, pedestal looseness etc), but, in the past, individual fault has been mostly modeled and analyzed separately. In this paper, the dynamic model of rotor bearing system with rub-impact and pedestal looseness is formulated. Continuation-shooting method for the periodic solution of nonlinear non-autonomous system is used to obtain the bifurcation and stability of the periodic motion of the rotor-bearing system. The effect of the unbalance and rotor/stator clearance on the bifurcation and stability of the periodic motion of the rotor bearing system are analyzed respectively. It has been observed that the periodic motion of the system lose stability by Hopf and doubling bifurcation respectively under the small and large unbalance; the system with coupling faults has the same way of losing stability as the system with rub-impact only. The Hopf bifurcation set is broadened with the rotor/stator clearance decreases. The results of the paper may provide theory references to fault diagnoses, vibration control and security operating of the rotor system.
Environmental Performance of Emerging Photovoltaic Technologies: Assessment of the Status Quo and Future Prospects Based on a Meta-Analysis of Life-Cycle Assessment Studies

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Emerging photovoltaic technologies are expected to have lower environmental impacts during their life cycle due to their extremely thin-film technology and resulting material savings. The environmental impacts of four emerging photovoltaics were investigated based on a meta-analysis of life-cycle assessment (LCA) studies, comprising a systematic review and harmonization approach of five key indicators to describe the environmental status quo and future prospects. The status quo was analyzed based on a material-related functional unit of 1 watt-peak of the photovoltaic cell. For future prospects, the functional unit of 1 kWh of generated electricity was used, including assumptions on the use phase, notably on the lifetime. The results of the status quo show that organic photovoltaic technology is the most mature emerging photovoltaic technology with a competitive environmental performance, while perovskites have a low performance, attributed to the early stage of development and inefficient manufacturing on the laboratory scale. The results of future prospects identified improvements of efficiency, lifetime, and manufacturing with regard to environmental performance based on sensitivity and scenario analyses. The developed harmonization approach supports the use of LCA in the early stages of technology development in a structured way to reduce uncertainty and extract significant information during development.
Pelatihan Budidaya Jamur Tiram Untuk Mahasiswa Tadris Biologi Sebagai Pendukung Matakuliah Bioteknologi dan Kewirausahaan Biologi

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus) are one of the products related to conventional biotechnology where the product is a food that can be consumed. So that in the application of training in the cultivation of Oyster mushrooms is concerned about biotechnology and entrepreneurship subjects. Along with the rise of covid-19 that occurs is not a barrier to the facilitator team in performing devotion, of course with a limited scale. The devotion that is carried out is (1) Counseling, conducted online with online webinars followed by all biology students and participants from the general public. (2) Preparation, establishing a committee for advanced activities, namely training in oyster mushroom cultivation and implementation in entrepreneurship (3) Implementation of stage 1, implementation of oyster mushroom cultivation and implementation of biotechnology subjects, (4) Implementation of stage 2, implementation of biological entrepreneurship subjects by selling biologically efficacious products such as raw oyster mushrooms, (5) Monitoring and evaluation of activities: monitoring and evaluation of activities carried out by the Committee and facilitators as parties who help monitoring and evaluation which are also assisted by sources.
Solution Structure of the BPSL1445 Protein of Burkholderia pseudomallei Reveals the SYLF Domain\nThree-Dimensional Fold

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The SYLF domain is an evolutionary\nconserved protein domain with\nphosphatidylinositol binding ability, whose three-dimensional structure\nis unknown. Here, we present the solution structure and the dynamics\ncharacterization of the SYLF domain of the bacterial BPSL1445 protein.\nBPSL1445 is a seroreactive antigen and a diagnostic marker of Burkholderia pseudomallei, the etiological agent\nof melioidosis, a severe infectious disease in the tropics. The BPSL1445\nSYLF domain (BPSL1445-SYLF) consists of a β-barrel core, with\ntwo flexible loops protruding out of the barrel and three helices\npacking on its surface. Our structure allows for a more precise definition of the boundaries\nof the SYLF domain compared to the previously reported one and suggests\ncommon ancestry with bacterial EipA domains. We also demonstrate by\nphosphatidyl-inositol phosphate arrays and nuclear magnetic resonance\ntitrations that BPSL1445-SYLF weakly interacts with phosphoinositides,\nthus supporting lipid binding abilities of this domain also in prokaryotes.
Diversity and Structure of Hoverfly (Diptera: Syrphidae) Communities in Agricultural Areas in Vojvodina Province (Serbia) A Case Study on Brassica napus L.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

To gain some insight into the structure of the hoverfly community in fields of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.), we conducted field experiments over three years (2011-2013) at two localities in the province of Vojvodina, northern Serbia. We recorded a total of 20 hoverfly species. Three species-Episyrphus balteatus (De Geer, 1776), Eristalis tenax (Linnaeus, 1758) and Eupeodes corollae (Fabricius, 1794)-were the most abundant in both localities and in each year. In order to determine the effect of climatic and non-climatic parameters on abundance and diversity of hoverflies, two separate PCA analyses were carried out. Multiple linear regressions were used to examine the relationships between abundance and extracted PC axes, while ordinal multinomial regressions were conducted to determine the relationships between species diversity and extracted PC axes. We did not detect statistically significant correlations between climatic and non-climatic parameters and overall hoverfly abundance. PC axes exhibited slight correlation with species diversity. The first PC axis clearly showed that overall species diversity increases with increasing temperature, relative humidity and diversity of crops surrounding the surveyed plots, whereas PC2 related species composition with monthly average rainfall and the season and year of observation. Synecological analysis of our data indicated that only a few species are major contributors to hoverfly communities on the oilseed rape crops we investigated. However, the importance of less abundant hoverfly species should not be underestimated, as sometimes these species play an important role in pollination in a specific part of the day or season, and this should be considered when creating agricultural policies and regulations, especially when it is known that abundances of hoverflies and pollinators in general are positively correlated with floral abundance and abundance flowering plant species.
Evolution of Small Molecule Kinase Drugs

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The development of small molecule kinase drugs is a rapidly evolving field and represents one of the most important research areas within oncology. This innovation letter provides an overview and analysis of approved kinase drugs according to their WHO registration (INN) dates, primary biological targets, and selectivity and structural similarities, which are also depicted in an associated poster. It also discusses new trends in kinase drug discovery programs such as new kinase targets, novel mechanisms of action, and diverse indications.
Occurrence Download

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

A dataset containing 32 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query: { "and" : [ "Country is Madagascar", "HasCoordinate is true", "HasGeospatialIssue is false", "OccurrenceStatus is Present", "TaxonKey is Madascincus melanopleura (Günther, 1877)" ] } The dataset includes 32 records from 4 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0064739-240506114902167/datasets/export for details. Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
BRAF internal deletions and resistance to BRAF/MEK inhibitor therapy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Summary BRAF and MEK inhibitors have improved clinical outcomes in advanced, BRAF V 600 ‐mutated melanomas. Acquired resistance occurs in most patients, with numerous and diverse drivers. We obtained pretreatment and progression biopsies from a patient who progressed on dabrafenib and trametinib. In addition to a preserved BRAF V 600E mutation, an internal deletion (rearrangement) of BRAF was observed in the progression sample. This deletion involved exons 2–8, which includes the Ras‐binding domain, and is analogous to previously documented BRAF fusions and splice variants known to reactivate RAS ‐ RAF ‐ MEK ‐ ERK signaling. In a large cohort of melanomas, 10 additional internal deletions were identified (0.4% of all melanomas; nine of which had concurrent BRAF mutations), as well as sporadically in other tumor types. Thus, we describe a novel mechanism of resistance to BRAF and MEK inhibition.
Genomics approaches to study musical aptitude

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Although music and other forms of art can develop in diverse directions, they are linked to the genetic profiles of populations. Hearing music is a strong environmental trigger that serves as an excellent model to study the crosstalk between genes and the environment. We propose that the ability to enjoy and practice music requires musical aptitude, which is a common and innate trait facilitating the enjoyment and practice of music. The innate drive for music can only have arisen by exposure to music, and it develops with motivation and training in musically rich environments. Recent genomic approaches have shown that the genes responsible for inner ear development, auditory pathways and neurocognitive processes may underlay musical aptitude. It is expected that genomic approaches can be applied to musical traits and will reveal new biological mechanisms that affect human evolution, brain function, and civilisation.
Colorectal cancer risk variants rs10161980 and rs7495132 are associated with cancer survival outcome by a recessive mode of inheritance

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Previous studies using additive genetic models failed to identify robust evidence of associations between colorectal cancer (CRC) risk variants and survival outcomes. However, additive models can be prone to false negative detection if the underlying inheritance mode is recessive. Here, we tested all currently known CRC‐risk variants (n = 129) in a discovery analysis of 5675 patients from a Scottish cohort. Significant associations were then validated in 2474 CRC cases from UK Biobank. We found that the TT genotype of the intron variant rs7495132 in the CRTC3 gene was associated with clinically relevant poorer CRC‐specific survival in both the discovery (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.97, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.41‐2.74, P = 6.1 × 10 −5 ) and validation analysis (HR = 1.69, 95% CI = 1.03‐2.79, P = .038). In addition, the GG genotype of rs10161980 (intronic variant of AL139383.1 lncRNA) was associated with worse overall survival in the discovery cohort (HR = 1.24, 95% CI = 1.10‐1.39, P = 3.4 × 10 −4 ) and CRC‐specific survival in the validation cohort (HR = 1.26, 95% CI = 1.01‐1.56, P = .040). Our findings show that common genetic risk factors can also influence CRC survival outcome.