jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
EFFECT OF SUPPLEMENTING DIFFERENT LEVELS OF CONJUGATED LINOLEIC ACID (CLA) TO THE DIET ON PRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF BROILER CHICKEN

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This study was carried out at Poultry Research Station, State Board of Agricultural Research, Ministry of Agriculture for the period from 27 September 2014 to 9 November 2014 to evaluate the Supplementation of different levels of Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA) on productive performance of broiler. Four hundred eighty chicks (Ross-308),one day old were randomly distributed to four dietary treatments for 42 days of age with 3 replicates/vtreatment (40 bird/replicate). Experimental treatments were as follow; T1 (Control diet) without supplement, while the treatment T2,T3 and T4 were Supplemented with 1, 1.5, 2 g CLA /kg diet respectively. The results showed significant (P ≤ 0.05) increased in mean of body weight, weight gain, average feed consumption and the feed conversion ratio, for the birds of treatments T3 and T4 in comparison with control treatment (T1). A significant (P ≤ 0.05) improvement was found in dressing percentage of treatments T3 and T4 in comparison with control treatment, whilst the breast percentage was significantly higher in all treatments which supplemented CLA than T1 treatment. The liver percentage weight has significantly (P ≤ 0.05) increased whereas the abdominal fat percentage has significantly (P ≤ 0.05) decreased in treatment T4 in comparison with control treatment. It is concluded that CLA supplementation at levels 1.5 and 2 g/kg diet of broiler chicken has improved productive performance.
Intraventricular Baclofen Therapy as Effective Treatment Option in Kernicterus – A Case Report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Kernicterus is a relatively rare disease in Germany but more common in developing countries. The resulting dyskinetic movement disorder has a negative impact on the quality of life of patients and their families and can often not be controlled sufficiently by oral medication. An intrathecal baclofen therapy is an established therapeutic trial in patients with spastic and also dystonic movement disorders. There are no reports about the efficacy in kernicterus.
Connecting fibers between ATFL’s inferior fascicle and CFL transmit tension between both ligaments

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Purpose The lateral ligament complex of the ankle has been extensively studied. Recently an anatomical study described a connection between anterior talofibular ligament inferior fascicle (ATFLif) and calcaneofibular ligament (CFL). The applicability and the mechanical role of these connections have not yet been studied and need to be clarified. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the connection between ATFLif and CFL through a dynamic measurement analysis. Methods An anatomical study was performed in 13 fresh‐frozen below‐the‐knee ankle specimens. Each specimen was dissected in a protocolized manner until the lateral ligaments were exposed. A complete injury to both ATFL’s fascicles was created in the proximal third of the ligament. A displacement transducer specifically design was inserted in the CFL and in the lateral part of the calcaneus to test its lengthening. A traction of 1 kg weight (9.8 N) was applied to ATFLif while the transducer measured the lengthening that this force created in the CFL. Results A total of 13 ankle specimens were carefully dissected. One specimen with signals of a prior traumatic injury of the ATFLif was excluded. A total of 12 specimens were included, 7 females and 5 males with an average age of 74 years (52–88 years). The right ankle was dissected in 6 specimens. ATFL was identified as a two‐fascicled ligament in all cases. The fibers connecting the ATFLif and CFL were observed in all specimens. The displacement transducer showed lengthening in the CFL in all measurements with a median of 0.59 mm (SD ± 0.34). Conclusion Connecting fibers between ATFLif and CFL are robust enough to transmit tension from one structure to the other. In the case of associated proximal lesions of the ATFLif and CFL, ligaments repair with a single suture may be considered. This can be applied in surgical procedures in patients with lateral ankle instability.
The Effects of Neuropathic Pain on the State of Glial Cells and Hippocampal Neurogenesis in Old Animals

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract—We studied the effect of chronic neuropathic pain on the state of microglia and neurogenesis in the hippocampus in old mice. Neuropathic pain was induced by imposing three ligatures on the sciatic nerve of the right hind limb of animals. Testing behavior showed the presence of impaired working memory and locomotor activity in animals with neuropathic pain both in 1 week and 3 weeks after surgery. Behavioral disorders were accompanied by a decrease in hippocampal neurogenesis, as well as an increase in the expression of microglial markers Iba-1 and CD86 in the hippocampus of animals with a ligated sciatic nerve. In addition, the induction of neuropathic pain led to a change in the expression of astroglial markers S100β and GFAP in the hippocampus. The findings suggest that behavioral changes in neuropathic pain are accompanied by changes in the activity of microglia and astroglia, which leads to disruption of neurogenesis and a decrease in cognitive functions.
A bag-of-words approach for assessing activities of daily living using wrist accelerometer data

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Most physical activity (PA) assessment studies use wearable accelerometers attached to the hip. However, there is significant and recent interest in understanding the usefulness of wrist based accelerometer data collection due to ease of use and higher compliance. This paper develops machine learning methods for identifying activity types and computing energy expenditures. Our approach converts the raw time series data into intermediate variables or features using standard statistical methods as well as bag-of-words (BoW) approach. We tested this approach to assess type of physical activities as well as estimate the required corresponding energy expenditure. The method was evaluated on 17 participants. Each of the participants wore an Actigraph GT3X+ accelerometer on the right wrist and performed 33 activities of daily living. Energy expenditure was measured in parallel by a portable indirect calorimetry system. Our results show that the BoW approach resulted in a more accurate model for PA identification (F1-score = 0.88 and 0.91 for sedentary and locomotion detection, respectively), compared with standard statistical summaries. The BoW approach preserved additional details about the accelerometer data, which resulted in distinguishing different activities that belonged to the same higher-level category (e.g., distinguishing leisure walk from stair ascent where both PAs belong to the locomotion class) and consequently yielding an accurate energy expenditure estimation model for PAs (rMSE = 0.93 and R 2 = 0.69).
Traditional Medicinal Systems

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Medicinal plants are a great source of medicine for treating various human ailments. Traditional use of herbal medicine, which was developed within an ethnic group before the development and spread of modern science, is the very basis and an integral part of various cultures. Different medicinal systems throughout the globe are still operational and use natural herbs for treating diseases. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Ayurveda, Kampo, Traditional Korean Medicine (TKM), and Unani are some commonly found traditional medicinal systems in use today. They are used directly, or their secondary metabolites are used as anti-bacterial, antifungal, immunomodulators, anti-hair fall, and multiple other purposes. However, their blood purification properties prevent blood from toxicity. Hundreds of medicinal plants are used in Ayurveda for blood purification, particularly plants which are astringent or bitter (pungent or sharp tastes). In addition, medicinal herbs do not have side effects.
A Novel 2-Stage Fractional Runge–Kutta Method for a Time-Fractional Logistic Growth Model

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, the fractional Euler method has been studied, and the derivation of the novel 2-stage fractional Runge–Kutta (FRK) method has been presented. The proposed fractional numerical method has been implemented to find the solution of fractional differential equations. The proposed novel method will be helpful to derive the higher-order family of fractional Runge–Kutta methods. The nonlinear fractional Logistic Growth Model is solved and analyzed. The numerical results and graphs of the examples demonstrate the effectiveness of the method.
Dislocation Based Flow Stress Model of 300M Steel in Isothermal Compression Process

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The relationship between microstructure and flow behaviour has attracted attention from many researchers for the past decades, whilst the influences of dislocation and recrystallization on flow stress have not been well understood, which led to failure in flow stress prediction at high temperature compressions. In this work, we tried to provide a novel explanation of the relationship between microstructure evolutions and flow behaviour, and the influence of dislocation and recrystallization on flow stress was investigated. A dislocation based flow stress model was proposed and applied for 300M steel at the strain rate of 0.01–10 s−1 and the temperature of 950–1150 °C. Results showed the established model could predict the flow stress both at constant strain rate conditions and at variable strain rate conditions. The present investigation is helpful to a better understanding of hardening and softening mechanisms in hot compression of 300M steel.
Designing Usable Environmental Research

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Integrated coastal and ocean management (ICOM) "is a dynamic, multidisciplinary, iterative and participatory process to promote sustainable management of coastal and ocean areas balancing environmental, economic, social, cultural and recreational objectives over the long term" (UNESCO 2006, p. 6). ICOM is a concept and process that has evolved in overlapping stages over the past few decades, encompassing shoreline management, defining the coastal zone, and integrating coastal/shoreline management with the marine environment. Coastal management began on the terrestrial side of the coastal zone, focusing on particular challenges posed by this dynamic environment, such as shoreline erosion, wetland protection, coastal development, and public access (Clark 1995; Cicin-Sain and Knecht 1998; Sorensen 1997; among others). For example, the U.S. approach to coastal zone management was first formalized with the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, which focused more on the management of land use at the shore than on coastal waterrelated issues. In the decades since, efforts to protect and manage the coastal zone in the United States and beyond (e.g., Canada and the United Kingdom) have expanded to include integrated coastal management (ICM), coastal zone management (CZM), integrated coastal zone management (ICZM), and perhaps the broadest approach, ICOM. Canada incorporated ICOM into itsCONTENTS1.1 The Coastal and Ocean Management Challenge ......................................3 1.1.1 Production, Communication, and Use of ScientificInformation in Policy-Making ........................................................4 1.1.2 The Role of Information at the Science-Policy Interface ..............7
Small-scale signatures of primordial non-Gaussianity in k-Nearest Neighbour cumulative distribution functions

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Searches for primordial non-Gaussianity in cosmological perturbations are a key means of revealing novel primordial physics. However, robustly extracting signatures of primordial non-Gaussianity from non-linear scales of the late-time Universe is an open problem. In this paper, we apply k-Nearest Neighbor cumulative distribution functions, kNN-CDFs, to the \textsc{quijote-png} simulations to explore the sensitivity of kNN-CDFs to primordial non-Gaussianity. An interesting result is that for halo samples with $M_h<10^{14}$ M$_\odot$/h, the kNN-CDFs respond to \textit{equilateral} PNG in a manner distinct from the other parameters. This persists in the galaxy catalogs in redshift space and can be differentiated from the impact of galaxy modelling, at least within the halo occupation distribution (HOD) framework considered here. kNN-CDFs are related to counts-in-cells and, through mapping a subset of the kNN-CDF measurements into the count-in-cells picture, we show that our results can be modeled analytically. A caveat of the analysis is that we only consider the HOD framework, including assembly bias. It will be interesting to validate these results with other techniques for modeling the galaxy--halo connection, e.g., (hybrid) effective field theory or semi-analytical methods.
Optimal lobbying pricing

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Abstract We study a game with two candidates and two interest groups. The groups offer two kinds of costly contributions to achieve political influence: (a) pre-election campaign contributions to their favourite candidates that increase their probability of winning the election and (b) post-election lobbying contributions to the winning candidate to affect the implemented policy. The candidates are the first to act by strategically choosing the lobbying prices they will charge the groups if they are elected. We characterise the equilibrium values of the lobbying prices set by the candidates as well as the equilibrium levels of the campaign and lobbying contributions chosen by the groups. We show, endogenously, that in the case with symmetric groups and symmetric politicians, a candidate announces to charge the group that supports her in the election a lower lobbying price, justifying this way the preferential treatment to certain groups from the politicians in office. We also consider two extensions (asymmetric groups and politicians who do not commit to the announced prices) and show that the results of the benchmark model hold under specific conditions.
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease among 73,566 Individuals in Beijing, China

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The prevalence of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is rarely reported in Beijing. The goal of this study was to estimate the prevalence and risk factors of MAFLD among Beijing adults aged ≥25 years old. A cross-sectional, community-based survey with multistage stratified cluster sampling was used. Demographic, transient elastography (TE), biochemical and blood examination information was collected in all the subjects in this study. The prevalence of MAFLD was 32.40% (23,832/73,566). Risk factors independently associated with MAFLD included male gender (OR = 1.47, 95%CI, 1.43–1.52), urban residence (OR = 1.06, 95% CI, 1.02–1.10), older age (30–39 years: OR = 1.29; 40–49 years: OR = 1.43; 50–59 years: OR = 1.09; ≥60 years: OR = 1.52) and lower education (middle school: OR = 2.03; high school: OR = 1.89; undergraduate: OR = 1.69). MAFLD was more common in females than in males after 50 years of age. Lean/normal weight MAFLD patients account for approximately 3.04% (724/23,832) of MAFLD. Compared to non-MAFLD subjects, the lean/normal MAFLD patients had a higher prevalence of hypertension and diabetes, and had a higher degree of hepatic steatosis and liver function enzymology parameters (all p < 0.001). MAFLD was highly prevalent among the general population aged ≥25 years old in Beijing. MAFLD was closely associated with male gender, older age, lower education and urban residence. Even lean/normal-weight people were under risk of MAFLD.
Acoustic Modes with Spin Angular Momentum in Cylindrical Resonator

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

This article examines acoustic vortex modes within an acoustofluidic cavity filled with a viscous fluid. By employing a cylindrical geometry and applying phased time-harmonic excitation at the cavity base, these modes are induced. We derive dynamic pressure equations and boundary conditions, considering the no-slip condition on internal surfaces. The resulting pressure amplitude solution is expressed using resonance functions that incorporate fluid damping and viscous boundary layer effects. Additionally, pressure distribution is described using eigenfunctions of the Helmholtz equation in cylindrical coordinates. We analyze single-mode configurations and explore associated wave phenomena, including energy density, acoustic radiation force, and spin angular momentum. Our findings, validated against finite element simulations with water and olive oil, provide insights into confined acoustic standing waves within acoustofluidic systems, considering viscous effects and spin angular momentum.
Enterprise policies and R&D support for high-tech SMEs: a multi-perspective approach

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This article examines the role of enterprise policy and R&D subsidy schemes in supporting high-tech Small-and Medium-sized Enterprises, by examining a case study of South Korea. A qualitative approach is used to analyse the perspectives of three stakeholder groups, entrepreneurs, national policymakers and policy-practitioners (including street-level bureaucrats working in bodies directly supporting the SMEs), based on semi-structured interviews with 35 participants. The findings suggest, first, that there was a mismatch in the conceptualizations of entrepreneurship, with policymakers and policy-practitioners focusing on entrepreneurship as the event of starting-up a business and entrepreneurs more on innovation. Second, while all groups feel the policy was beneficial, policymakers and policy-practitioners argue it was necessary to have a strict implementation process so-as-to deliver the subsidy fairly across many SMEs. In contrast, entrepreneurs considered such stringent and complicated policy implementation, and policy discontinuities, as impeding the R&D performance of SMEs. Third, although perspectives varied, all believed that flexibility in the policy implementation process is required to improve policy efficacy. The study highlights the critical role of "bottom-up" policy approaches to improve policy efficacy; especially policy-practitioners' interactions and networking with entrepreneurs in the policy development and implementation processes. This study contributes to understanding the roles and perspectives of stakeholder groups in developing and implementing enterprise policies.
D. T. Suzuki: post-orientalistisk zen-tænker

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Japanese D. T. Suzuki occupies a unique position in the history of Zen Buddhism's migration from East to West. His many publications on Zen until a few decades ago were the only channel to knowledge about this universe, and 'Suzuki Zen' in itself has been a catalyst for lived Zen Buddhism in the West. This article describes Suzuki's life and places his understanding of Zen, Buddhism and religion in a historical and network-theoretical framework. It is concluded that the relevant critique of Suzuki ought to be counterbalanced, so that his achievements are also acknowledged 50 years after his death.DANSK RESUME: Japanske D. T. Suzuki indtager en unik position inden for zen-buddhismens vandring fra øst til vest. Hans mange udgivelser om zen har indtil for få årtier siden været eneste kanal til viden om dette univers, og 'Suzuki-zen' har i sig selv været katalysator for levende zen-buddhisme i Vesten. Artiklen beskriver Suzukis liv og sætter hans forståelse af zen, buddhisme og religion i en historisk og netværksteoretisk ramme. Det konkluderes, at den helt relevante kritik af Suzuki bør afbalanceres, så de faglige fortjenester faktisk også påskønnes 50 år efter hans død.
Teaching research methodology by linking teaching and research

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The active strategy linking teaching and research was applied in the context of the course of Methods and&nbsp; echniques of Research in Education of the 1st year of the Master’s programme inPre School and Primary Education of the Instituto Superior Politécnico Gaya. The strategy wasimplemented by the development of the following activities: A1: Brainstorming; A2: Lookingfor information; A3: Creating reading records - analysis / critical approach; A4: SWOT Analysis;A5: Questioning/ discussion; A6: Critical reflection; A7: “Critical friend”. The choice of topicwas based on the initial assumption that the skills developed by the strategy matched thecontent of the course (also associated with research). This issue and the reduced number ofstudents of the class (4 students) allowed: the development of monitored research moments,individual presentations, the promotion of questioning opportunities, interaction / discussionand individual writing.
CSR for emergencies: The two concepts of accountability

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This work tries to highlight the determinant role of CSR during periods characterized by non-linearity and to produce insights for further research on a dual perspective: 1) companies’ decision-making on CSR implementation and promotional tool preference; 2) consumers’ purchasing/consuming decision-making. So, the interrelated perspective, under the influencing contextual variable of the recent COVID-19 pandemic, would show a crucial role of CSR as an anti-crisis solution. The domain-based review, the direct observation mixed with field analysis survey-based on a sample of 208 respondents made possible the hermeneutical and inference activity on results according to the Situational Crisis Communication Theory and Goffman’s view on the art of impression management, mixed with a persuasive approach characterizing advertising. The perception analysis, not directly operated ethnographically with companies, allowed to investigate CSR from different angles, permits the researchers to observe the exponential rise of advertising campaigns with a social scope and CSR promotional activities in accordance with the emergence of the two intrinsic concepts of accountability from an external point of view.