jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Value of Preoperative Bone Scan in Evaluation of Femur Shaft Fracture

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

목 적: 대퇴골 간부 골절에서 골수강내 금속정 고정술 중 동측 대퇴골 경부 골절이 발생한 환자에서 술전 시행한 동위원소를 이용한 골주사 검사의 유용성을 알아보고자 한다. 대상 및 방법: 대퇴골 간부 골절로 골수강내 금속정을 시행한 환자 중 수술전 골주사 검사를 시행한 28명 환자 (28 대퇴골 간부 골절)를 대상 으로 하여 이중 대퇴골 경부 골절이 발생한 3예의 골주사 검사 결과 및 임상적, 방사선적 결과를 후향적으로 분석하였다. 결 과: 총 28예 중 술전 골주사 검사상 건측에 비해 대퇴 경부의 열소 소견을 보인 예는 7예였으며 술중 대퇴골 경부 골절이 발생한 3예 모 두 술전 골주사 검사상 대퇴 경부의 열소 소견을 보였다. 결 론: 대퇴골 간부 골절 환자의 술전 골주사 검사상 대퇴 경부의 열소를 보이는 경우 금속정 내고정술 중 대퇴 경부 골절의 위험성이 있음을 알 수 있었다.
Bridges Structural Health Monitoring and Deterioration Detection Synthesis of Knowledge and Technology

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The objectives of this report are to synthesis the current knowledge and technologies available for health monitoring of civil infrastructures, and to simplify the process of selecting structural health monitoring (SHM) systems for applications to bridge structures. This report focuses on (a) the state-of-the-art of SHM systems and their capabilities and (b) companies that offer particular systems and services, special attention is paid on the potentials of these systems being implemented to bridges in cold, remote regions of Alaska.
Research on Aesthetic Value and Aesthetic Experience in Sports

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Sports is a comprehensive cultural phenomenon, which is not only a way of physical exercise, but also a form of artistic performance and emotional communication. The aesthetic value and experience in sports are of great significance to both individuals and society. By analyzing and studying the aesthetic values and experiences in sports, we can better understand the value and significance of sports, and promote the development and promotion of sports. Based on this, this article explores the aesthetic values and experiences in sports for reference by relevant professionals.
The antibacterial activity of Solanum nigrum leaf, fruit and stem extracts against fish pathogens in laboratory conditions

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

This study aimed at investigating the antibacterial effects of extracts from leaf, fruit, and stem of Solanum nigrum on fish pathogenic bacteria. The extraction process was done using the rotary device. The leaf methanol extract and the fruit acetone extract (MIC and MBC of 25 and 12.5 ppm, respectively) showed stronger antibacterial properties. The Streptococcus iniae were the most resistant bacteria against case studies. The Aeromonas hydrophila has been found to be the most resistant bacteria in the fruit methanol and hexane extract. The stem and leaf acetone extracts showed the maximum diameter of the zones of bacterial growth inhibition on Yersinia ruckeri and Aeromonas hydrophila (concentration = 50 ppm) bacteria respectively. Furthermore, the minimum diameter of the zones of bacterial growth inhibition belonged to the leaf hexane extract on Yersinia ruckeri bacteria (concentration = 25 ppm). That using the leaf methanol extract and fruit acetone extract of Solanum nigrum is effective in treating bacterial diseases of the aquaculture.
Cultural Factors and Their Effect in the Use of Overseas Media

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Iran is a multi-ethnic society with a variety of languages and religions. Shia Islam and the Persian language are the country's official religion and language, respectively. Iranian radio and television are state-owned, and their national networks carry all their programmes in Persian. Due to the inferior status accorded non-Persian, cultures and languages, shared ethnicity, historical background and language have created new links between Iranian citizens in the border provinces and neighboring countries. This paper is focused on the popularity of satellite TV viewing among Azerbaijani Iranians in the north-western province of Ardebil, especially the audience for satellite broadcasts from the former Soviet Republic of Azerbaijan, with which Ardebil shares a border, and Turkey. A survey conducted by the author indicated that 95.1 percent of the households with satellite TV choose Turkey and Azerbaijani channels; and 60 percent of them spend more than three hours a day watching these programmes. Nearly seventy percent of the viewers believe that common cultural aspects are more effective in choosing those channels.
Supplementary Figures S1-S3 from Oncostatin M Induces Bone Loss and Sensitizes Rat Osteosarcoma to the Antitumor Effect of Midostaurin <i>In vivo</i>

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Supplementary Figures S1-S3 from Oncostatin M Induces Bone Loss and Sensitizes Rat Osteosarcoma to the Antitumor Effect of Midostaurin <i>In vivo</i>
Neurogenesis in Adult Vertebrate Spinal Cord in Situ and in Vitro: A New Model Systema

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Phylogenetically "lower" species in some cases use different biological strategies for recovery after injury to the CNS than do "higher" species. One approach that we have taken in our laboratory has been to study the mechanisms of functional recovery of the CNS after injury in those vertebrate species where recovery does occur. The present report reviews recent studies on a model system, the spinal electromotor system of the gymnotiform teleost Sternarchus albifrons, which exhibits regeneration and neurogenesis after injury. Regeneration in this system leads to a recapitulation of relatively normal morphologic structure by the damaged or extirpated spinal cord. In Sternarchus, new spinal cord is generated from ependymal cells; some ependymal cells in the adult remain pluripotent and retain the capability to generate new neurons. The Sternarchus spinal cord thus represents an especially useful model for the study of neurogenesis after injury to the CNS. Recent studies in our laboratory indicate that neurogenesis in adult Sternarchus spinal cord tissue occurs both in vivo and in vitro. Neurogenesis has been demonstrated by incorporation of tritiated thymidine into explant cultures from the spinal cord of adult Sternarchus. Autoradiography reveals the presence of thymidine-labeled neurons. Neuronal identity of 3H-labeled cells has been confirmed by positive staining with neuron-specific monoclonal antibodies. Thymidine labeling occurs in cultured neurons derived from both normal (histologically and functionally mature) and regenerating spinal cord of adult Sternarchus albifrons. These results provide evidence that some cells in spinal cord of adult Sternarchus retain the ability to incorporate thymidine and undergo neuronal differentiation in vitro. This system provides a new model in which neurogenesis from adult tissue can be studied in vivo and in vitro.
Differences in Spleen Suppressor Cell Content in Rats With Progressing and Regressing Tumors<xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2">2</xref><xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN3">3</xref>

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Young New Zealand Black rats (less than 35 wk old) developed progressively growing tumors when given injections of cells from a syngeneic 3-methylcholanthrene (MCA)-induced fibrosarcoma. Spontaneous tumor regression occurred in animals more than 10 months of age. Compared to the responses of spleen cells from age-matched controls, spleen cells from rats in which tumor progression was present progressor rats) showed decreased proliferative responses to concanavalin (Con A), phytohemagglutinin (PHA), and syngeneic MCA tumor cells. Spleen cells from rats in which the tumors had regressed (regressor rats), however, produced significant increases in proliferative responses when compared with the responses of spleen cells from age-matched controls and from progressor rats. Cell-mixing experiments implicated the presence of two spleen suppressor cell populations in progressor rats, one of which was not present in regressor rats. The unique suppressor cell found in progressor rats appeared to be specific for tumor cell-induced proliferative responses. Spleen cells from both progressor and regressor rats produced similar suppressive effects in the PHA and Con A responses of normal cells.
Sustainable Development And Performance Evaluation Of Geopolymer Concrete (GPC): A Comprehensive Study

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

GPC presents an environmentally friendly substitute for conventional OPC concrete that makes use of industrial byproducts such fly ash and GGBS to significantly reduce CO2 emissions. This study investigates GPC material properties, mix design, and performance, emphasizing its superior mechanical strength, durability, and environmental benefits. Various GPC mixtures were evaluated using compressive and tensile strength tests, with results indicating enhanced performance with increased sodium hydroxide molarity and the inclusion of GGBS. Effective curing methods, including ambient and oven curing, were employed, demonstrating GPC viability in modern construction. The findings support GPC potential as a robust, eco-friendly building material.
Multiple n.pi.* transitions in tetramethyl-1,3-cyclobutanedione. I. Spectroscopic assignments

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMultiple n.pi.* transitions in tetramethyl-1,3-cyclobutanedione. I. Spectroscopic assignmentsR. Spafford, J. Baiardo, J. Wrobel, and M. ValaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1976, 98, 17, 5217–5225Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00433a028https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00433a028research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views32Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Revisit to Probability - Possibility Consistency Principles

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In this article, our main intention is to highlight the fact that the probable links between probability and possibility which were established by different authors at different point of time on the basis of some well known consistency principles cannot provide the desired result.That is why the paper discussed some prominent works for transformations between probability and possibility and finally aimed to suggest a new principle because none of the existing principles because none of them found the unique transformation.The new consistency principle which is suggested hereby would in turn replace all others that exist in the literature references by providing a reliable estimate of consistency between the two.Furthermore some properties of entropy of fuzzy numbers are also presented in this article.
The Impact of Private Schools, School Chains and PPPs in Developing Countries

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract The private school sector has expanded with almost no public intervention to educate half of primary school children in many urban centers in Africa and Asia. Simple comparisons of test scores would suggest that these private schools may provide better quality than public schools, but how much of this difference is due to selection effects is unclear. Much donor and policymaker attention has proceeded on the basis that private schools do perform better, and focused on models of public subsidy to expand access, and investment in networks or chains to encourage expansion. We review the evidence of the effects of private schools on learning, and how that effect translates to public-private partnerships (PPPs). We also study the effects of private school chains. We conduct a systematic review for eligible studies, with transparent search criteria. The search resulted in over 100 studies on low-cost private schools and PPPs, with a large majority being on low-cost private schools. Our meta-analysis shows moderately strong effects from private schooling, although the limited number of experimental studies find much smaller effects than quasi-experimental studies. This advantage, though, is not nearly enough to help most children reach important learning goals. Turning to policy goals, we find that the private school advantage has not translated to public private partnerships, which have shown limited value in improving quality. They can however represent a lower-cost means of increasing access to school. We also find that private school chains perform little better than individual private schools and have little scope for achieving meaningful scale.
On vertebral body growth.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

We have studied development of vertebral bodies with special regard to the area of contact of the vertebral body with the intervertebral disc. We have investigated complete serial sections of fetuses of the 2nd to 3rd month of intrauterine life, microscopic preparations from children, adolescents and young adults. The results of our studies and deductions from our findings are as follows: 1. Cartilaginous plates on contact surfaces of vertebral bodies with intervertebral discs are genetically parts of vertebral bodies, not of the discs. 2. During ontogenesis and growth period of life typical growth (epiphyseal) cartilages with all layers described on growth cartilages of long bones are formed on the surface of these cartilaginous plates facing the vertebral bodies. 3. From the point of view of its growth, the vertebral body should be considered to be a long bone. 4. Unlike other long bones of the skeleton, vertebral body epiphyses never ossify, and after the end of the growth period of life they are reduced into thin plates of hyaline cartilage which are situated between vertebral body and intervertebral disc. 5. We assume nucleus pulposus is not a persistent residuum of notochord. 6. According to our findings the link of sacral vertebral segments is from the very beginning of development typical synchondrosis with bipolar physes without formation of primordium of intervertebral disc.
Implementing Neural Network-Based Equalizers in a Coherent Optical Transmission System Using Field-Programmable Gate Arrays

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

<p>In this work, we demonstrate the offline FPGA realization of both recurrent and feedforward neural network (NN)-based equalizers for nonlinearity compensation in coherent optical transmission systems. First, we present a realization pipeline showing the conversion of the models from Python libraries to the FPGA chip synthesis and implementation. Then, we review the main alternatives for the hardware implementation of nonlinear activation functions. The main results are divided into three parts: a performance comparison, an analysis of how activation functions are implemented, and a report on the complexity of the hardware. The performance in Q-factor is presented for the cases of bidirectional long-short-term memory coupled with convolutional NN (biLSTM + CNN) equalizer, CNN equalizer, and standard 1-StpS digital back-propagation (DBP) for the simulation and experiment propagation of a single channel dual-polarization (SC-DP) 16QAM at 34 GBd along 17 × 70 km of LEAF. The biLSTM+CNN equalizer provides a similar result to DBP and a 1.7 dB Q-factor gain compared with the chromatic dispersion compensation baseline in the experimental dataset. After that, we assess the Q-factor and the impact of hardware utilization when approximating the activation functions of NN using Taylor series, piecewise linear, and look-up table (LUT) approximations. We also show how to mitigate the approximation errors with extra training and provide some insights into possible gradient problems in the LUT approximation. Finally, to evaluate the complexity of hardware implementation to achieve 200G and 400G throughput, fixed-point NN-based equalizers with approximated activation functions are developed and implemented in an FPGA.</p>
Physical working capacity and energy supply of muscle function during postnatal human ontogeny

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

On the basis of the results of our studies and literature data, an analysis of the physiological mechanisms responsible for the multifold increase in the physical working capacity during human development has been performed. Physiological and biochemical studies have shown that the aerobic energy system already has a high capacity during the second period of childhood, and the further increase in working capacity is mainly provided by the development of anaerobic mechanisms of energy supply. The maturation of mechanisms of energy production is related to considerable changes in the activity of tissue enzymes and radical rearrangement of the composition of muscular fibers. Puberty considerably influences the development of anaerobic muscle energetics in boys due to stimulation of the growth of type II fibers by testosterone. It has been shown that widespread tests for assessment of physical working capacity mainly reflect changes in the power of energy systems and only in rare cases may be used to characterize changes in their capacity. However, the capacity parameters, which depend to a greater extent on the quality of regulation at the cellular, tissue, and body levels, show multifold growth during ontogeny, which corresponds to the actual increase in the working capacity in the period from childhood to youth. A classification of tests of physical working capacity is proposed. The use and development of this classification may facilitate the development of new tests and an increased efficiency of testing involved in solving various applied and fundamental problems.
A glimpse from the ancient world: What a gold necklace from Tillya-tepe reveals about opium in Afghanistan

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Among the six excavated burials at Tillya-tepe, in northern Afghanistan, was one occupied by an elite woman wearing a substantial necklace consisting of large gold beads shaped as seed-heads. The scale and fine workmanship of this necklace suggest that it was one of her most important possessions. It can be demonstrated that these large seed-heads are representations of poppy capsules, whose significance lies in the fact that they are the source of the potent drug opium. This necklace is the most outstanding object within a group of items decorated with poppy imagery, all of which were discovered in female burials. The opium poppy has long been a culturally important plant, and the implication of this identification is investigated in several contexts. Firstly, the proliferation of poppy imagery in the female burials at Tillya-tepe is examined, and then there is a discussion of material evidence for opium among relevant peoples along the Eurasian steppes. The particular cultural importance of opium is reviewed, leading finally to a proposal for the societal role of these women.
Modeling and Optimization of Reconfigurable Multilevel Inverter to Improve Power Quality

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This dissertation proposes new models, reconfiguration, and optimization of multilevel inverters in healthy and faulty conditions. The aim of this dissertation is to develop robust and practical multilevel inverter systems to improve the power quality of post-fault multilevel inverters. To improve the power quality, five essential parts are discussed in this dissertation.\nIn the first part, an accurate mathematical model of neutral-point clamped (NPC) multilevel inverters is derived and utilized to analyze the impact of different types of component failures and existing reconfiguration methods on power quality.\nIn the second part, a logic-based generalized fault diagnosis method is developed and implemented in multilevel inverters to detect major failures of multiple semiconductor devices. Existing reconfiguration methods are integrated with the proposed fault diagnosis method to recover the post-fault multilevel inverter from faulty conditions.\nIn the third part, a logic-based fault prognosis method is proposed to predict the failure of semiconductor devices in multilevel inverters.\nIn the fourth part, a practical reconfiguration method is proposed to overcome several shortages of existing reconfiguration methods.\nIn the fifth part, factors that impact the power quality of multilevel inverters are analyzed and optimization methods are utilized to analyze the impact factors to reduce the degradation of power quality in reconfigured conditions.
On the Effec of Lactic Acid on the Fastest Speed of Outstanding Young Atheletes

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The lactic acid is the sugar yeast solution end product,thesarcolactic acid production quantity and the muscle fiber contractionintnsity size has close relationship.Each kind of differentintensity movement latter 3-12min,the blood lactic acid may achievethe maximum.Strongly goes past in a big way,after the movement theblood lactic acid achieved the maximum the time is also longer.Through the blood lactic acid and the athlete way medium-distancerunning maximum speed test obtains after the Tianjin outstanding youngpeople 100m athlete 30 seconds non-oxygen movements: Athlete's maximum speed and the blood young acid value exist highly remarkable negative,correlationthe relations,Vmax after 3rd,6,9,the 12min blood young acid value presents highly Remarkable is being connected,rrespectively is 0.852,0.711,0.938,0.903.Namely most greatly fastgoes past in a big way,the blood young acid value corresponding ishigher;100m runs the result well,the blood young acid valuecorresponding is higher.