jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Genetic Diversity of Sichuan Sun-Cured Tobacco Cultivars by ISSR

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Genetic diversity of 70 Sichuan sun-cured tobacco cultivars was analyzed by inter simple sequence repeats(ISSR).107 bands were identified using agarose gel electrophoresis.The average number of amplified DNA bands was 8.23 per primer,and the rate of polymorphic bands was 90.37%.Genetic similarity ranged from 0.46 to 0.87 through cluster analysis with UPGMA,which suggested the genetic diversity among these germplasms not obvious,and the average genetic similarity index was 0.646.Genetic similarity index between Hong maoliu and Ba maoliu was 0.87,indicating that their genetic diversity was similar,but genetic similarity index between Tu yan from Da zhou and Hei niupi from Xin du was 0.46,showing more difference of their genetic diversity.Cluster analysis and principal component analysis(PCA) were carried out.The results showed that the 70 Sichuan sun-cured tobacco cultivars were divided into five groups,deeply associated with their geographical distribution.ISSR analysis was suitable for variety identification and the research on genetic diversity of tobacco germplasm.
Hybrid necrosis as a barrier to gene transfer in hexaploid winter wheat × triticale crosses

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

An interspecific wheat × triticale hybridization program was initiated with the scope of widening and improving the winter wheat gene pool. However, progress was hampered by severe necrosis that caused the death of F 1 hybrids from crosses between the most winterhardy wheat and triticale cultivars. This paper describes hybrid necrosis as the main barrier to gene transfer between winter wheat cultivars Borden, Augusta and Ruby, and hexaploid winter triticales OAC Wintri and K9-6. Crosses with tester lines revealed that the three winter wheats were carriers of the necrotic Ne2 allele. High temperature (30 °C) treatment until heading stage permitted to only partially circumvent the problem. A study of cross direction effects at the backcross level showed that the conventional method (F 1 × wheat) was more efficient for plant recovery, but plants produced by the alternative backcross system (wheat × F 1 ) were more self-fertile. Within the most winterhardy germplasm, hybrid necrosis is a major problem for transferring genes between winter wheat and triticale. The use of non-necrotic winter wheat lines such as MC11N, a local winter wheat selection, may have a special value as a bridge to circumvent the necrosis problem. Key words: Hybrid necrosis, Ne genes, wheat × triticale hybrids, cross direction
EVIDENCE-BASED CLINICAL PRACTICE GUIDELINES FOR LIVER CIRRHOSIS

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Liver disorders are curable at the early stages of onset of disease. After that it may be life threatening. Liver cirrhosis is a late stage of scarring (fibrosis) of the liver caused by many forms of liver diseases and conditions such as hepatitis and chronic alcoholism. Each time liver is injured whether by disease, excessive alcohol consumption or another cause like gastrointestinal bleeding and portal hypertension, hepatorenal syndrome, ascites, Hepatic encephalopathy, liver transplant it tries to repair itself. Anticoagulation therapy is proposed for patients with acute-onset or progressive portal vein thrombosis.
Understanding Children's Perspectives On Water Resources in Interdisciplinary Research

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Children's perspectives and knowledge of their local environment are not often incorporated into interdisciplinary applied research projects focused on understanding human relations with water resources. This paper discusses the process of integrating children's perspectives into interdisciplinary research on water resources through the use of a method called “picture voice,” where children create drawings to share their experiences. The paper focuses on research conducted in southern Belize and how this approach can be useful for developing educational activities for school settings to share research results of interdisciplinary environmental research projects. Projects involving children ideally entail a collaborative effort between researchers and educators alike, and we suggest that picture voice is a methodological tool for young people to share their perspectives. We suggest greater attention should be given to children's knowledge by anthropologists and their natural and engineering sciences colleagues to expand curricula in a way that shifts attention to local ecology and children's environmental knowledge and practices. Finally, best practices for bridging anthropology and engineering to share results of projects through educational efforts are presented.
Application of Electronic Choledochoscopic Treatment for Patients with Biliary Calculi

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: To explore the therapeutic eficacy and safety of cholangioscopic double-pulse U 100 laser for biliary duct residual stone after operation. Methods: From January 2003 to January 2007, 168 patients with biliary duct residual stone after biliary duct operation were treated by double pulse U 100 laser under electronic choledochoscope, including 46 cases with extrahepatic bile duct stone, 89 cases with intrahepatic bile duct stone, 33 cases with intrahepatie and extrahepatie bile duct stone. Results: The successful rate of cure was 99 5% (166/168), 2 case with intrahepatic bile duct stone was failed to cure, because of biliary duct stenosis. Conclusion: The double–pulse U 1 00 laser under electronic choledochoscope is a safe an effective way in the treatment of intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile duct stone.
Social Status Among Migrant Negroes

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Journal Article Social Status Among Migrant Negroes Get access James T. Laing James T. Laing Kent State University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Social Forces, Volume 16, Issue 4, May 1938, Pages 562–568, https://doi.org/10.2307/2571094 Published: 01 May 1938
Complexity, Rationality, and the Conservation of Large Carnivores

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Conservation of large carnivores is invariably a complex amalgam of biophysical, social, psychological, and political factors interacting at multiple scales. Because human cognition is intrinsically limited, successful engagement with such complexity depends on deploying comprehensive frameworks that parse out relevant elements and tasks in ways that facilitate deliberative sequential processing. This chapter describes a framework that is attentive to the nature of human cognition and that encompasses factors potentially relevant to carnivore conservation, including elements of problem orientation, observer subjectivity and standpoint, social process, decision-making processes, and biophysical factors. We contend that all these features need to be considered in rational efforts to conserve large carnivores successfully.
Gene Wolfe Interview

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract Wolfe's informal, relaxed dialogue with Baber sharpens Wolfe's radical perspective on fantastic literature as ‘the truth of the human experience’ and his penetrating criticism of realism and materialist philosophy in favour of living ‘on the animal level’. Wolfe's preferences for seeing things as they are, for understanding clearly the nature of objects and relationships, is valid advice for anyone wishing to analyse Wolfe's work and the elaborate philosophical, textual and intertextual relationships that exist within it.
Pecha Kucha: The Use of Visual Technology for Storytelling to Improve Students Presentation Skills in Marketing Course

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Delivering effective presentations requires mastery of essential presentation skills and utilization of presentation tools. This study investigated the effects of using the visual technology for storytelling method known as Pecha Kucha as opposed to the traditional modes of using PowerPoint with heavy use of bullet points and text on marketing students’ competency in giving presentations. The study adopts an experimental research design. The data was collected from students’ self-evaluation and lecturers’ evaluations of the presentations. It also uses qualitative data from the students’ and lecturers’ reflections. Results from students’ self-evaluation revealed that modes of presentation did not contribute significantly on students’ overall performance. However, the study indicated that those who adopted the Pecha Kucha method did show significant improvements in their ability to use physical behaviour and gestures. On the contrary, results from the lecturers’ evaluation showed that the Pecha Kucha method did have significant effects in improving students’ overall performance as well as in each of the components evaluated. The findings led to the understanding that for lecturers, the Pecha Kucha is an enhanced mode of presentation. The study also highlighted the implications on teaching and learning and the potential of using alternative presentation formats.
Characterization of secreted modifying enzymes from the late blight pathogen Phytophthora infestans

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Phytophthora infestans is a notorious plant pathogenic oomycete that causes late blight in potato and tomato. The molecular mechanisms exploited by P. infestans for establishing host colonization are poorly understood. In several cases, proteases produced by pathogens have been found to be involved in virulence. The P. infestans genome encodes a large number of proteases with unknown functions. We focus on two types of proteases that may have a role in P. infestans virulence namely metalloproteases (MPs) and aspartic proteases (APs). In other pathogens, MPs were found to contribute to virulence, such as Leishmania GP63 and Erwinia amylovora PtrA. Moreover, in the malaria pathogen Plasmodium, the AP plasmepsin V was shown to function in the export of effectors into host cells. To study the potential role of P. infestans MPs a gene inventory was made based on genome mining and predicted gene models were verified using ESTs and transcriptomics data. This resulted in a total of 104 P. infestans MPs that could be classified into 20 families. Analyses of the MP domain composition showed that 27 contain a N-terminal signal peptide and are thus potentially secreted. Currently we are investigating if these secreted MPs have an effect on virulence by transient expression of MPs in N. benthamiana and subsequent infection with Phytophthora. For the functional analyses of APs we focus on the plasmepsin V homologs PiAP10, PiAP11 and PiAP12. Silencing of APs in P. infestans and enzyme activity assays may reveal their role in pathogen virulence and host manipulation.
[Contraception and abortion in the countries of eastern Europe].

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

For various reasons, including the population policies of the former Socialist countries, abortion is much more frequent than contraception in Central and Eastern Europe. The contrary occurs in Western countries. In the current context, countries in Central and Eastern Europe should improve abortion services and this should be a priority target in their health policy. The study does not detect a clear-cut advantage as concerns substituting contraception to abortion in these countries in terms for instance of reducing maternal mortality. In fact a health policy favouring contraception instead of abortion is firstly inspired by political or ethical reasons. If implemented in Central and Eastern Europe, it would require several decades to bear evident results.
The Novel after Melancholia: On Tom McCarthy’s Remainder and David Mitchell’s Ghostwritten

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Any understanding of the place of melancholia in contemporary culture must take into account the increasing currency of the notions of trauma and depression in the last quarter century. Indeed, the complex functioning of the notion of melancholia is to a large extent determined by its relation to these terms. While depression is undeniably associated with popular culture and the mass media, melancholia seems to reference the more lofty domains of cultural theory, literature and the arts, and to replace the 'commodified subjectivity' of popular discourses on depression with 'the promise of critical reinvention and reflection' (Toal 305). At the same time, the broad currency of these terms in different cultural domains signals a more pervasive mood of despondency and indolence that overrides these differences and constitutes a crucial affective dimension of Western culture in the last few decades. Since the 1980s, subjectivity and identity have increasingly begun to be articulated in relation to experiences of woundedness, survival and loss (Luckhurst 1–2). Jennifer Radden has remarked that the close connection between loss, on the one hand, and self-identity, on the other, has only been a fixture of theories of melancholia since Freud. In his seminal paper 'Mourning and Melancholia' from 1917, Freud defines melancholia as 'a narcissistic disorder of loss intrinsically directed toward the self' (Radden 44), and, even if Freud's work resonates with earlier discourses on melancholia, twentieth-century mobilizations of melancholia owe the conjunction of self-identity and loss to Freud (Radden 44–5).
Existence of pathogenic bacteria (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus,Bacillus cereus, and Vibrio parahaemolyticus) in Pado traditional food fromWest Sumatera

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Pado made by the author that when made deliberately inoculated or not inoculated with Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus cereus do not contain all three of these microbes when it is finished and ready to be consumed. Pado purchased on the market (Bukittinggi, Maninjau and Lubuk cone) also does not contain such microbes. All Pado (self-made and purchased in the market) does not contain Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Microbes are not found either in the fraction of a fish (FF), and the fraction of not fish (FNF) of Pado
THE IMPACT OF MARKETING STRATEGY ON COMPANY EFFICIENCY AND PROFITABILITY

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Properly selected strategic benchmarks and target indicators of development, as well as the corresponding marketing strategy of the company will successfully affect its financial standing and profit. PIMS model (Profit Impact on Marketing Strategy) is a prototype of target analysis of company factors. The article describes the development of PIMS model, which includes indentifying factors affecting growth (or stabilization) of profit and related to marketing activity. The classic PIMS model embraces analysis of qualitative and quantitative information about the growth in company market share which can influence the indicators of investment efficiency. The author's research shows that traditional marketing mix that is taken into account PIMS methodology could and should be extended at the expense of factors describing customer loyalty.
Supplementary Figure 3 from TRX-E-002-1 Induces c-Jun–Dependent Apoptosis in Ovarian Cancer Stem Cells and Prevents Recurrence <i>In Vivo</i>

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

<p>TRX-E-002-1 given daily at 150 mg/kg is toxic. Once tumors were established and detected by live imaging, mice were treated i.p. with 150 mg/kg TRX-E-002-1 three times weekly. (A) tumor growth curves as measured using mCherry fluorescence area. * p < 0.0001 ; (B) quantification of total i.p. tumor burden at end of study, * p = 0.1245; (C) change in animal weight by the end of study, * p = 0.0013; (D) WBC count, * p < 0.001; (E) Neutrophil count; (F) Lymphocyte count.</p>
DISCIPLINAL COUPLING OF A HIGH-RESOLUTION OCEAN MODEL AND MARINE GEOLOGY FOR A MILLENNIUM-SCALE MORPHODYNAMIC ANALYSIS IN THE EASTERN SETO INLAND SEA

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

東部瀬戸内海における海底地形の長期的形成機構を定量的に評価するために,高解像度の領域海洋循環モデルROMSを用いた水理量評価と診断的土砂輸送モデリングを行ない,さらに海洋地質学的知見に基づく考察とを併せた総合的な解析を行った.潮流の強い影響下で海峡およびその周辺海域に形成される浸食地形「海釜」や堆積地形「砂堆」は,潮流による底面せん断応力や底層残差流の収束発散分布などによってよく説明された.一方で,背景水理量分布に対応しない海釜・砂堆地形が海峡付近の各所で散見された.数千年前に生じた海進に伴う地質年代スケールでの古地形を考慮することにより,例えば明石海峡の東西に発達する砂堆地形の形成機構の差異について明確な説明を与えることが可能であることを示した.
Haldi: A review

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Turmeric is a significant spice in India, which is gotten from rhizomes of plant Curcuma longa, from the Zingiberaceae (ginger) family. The spice is at times additionally called the 'Indian saffron' because of its splendid tone. It is generally utilized in the Indian subcontinent, for medical care as well as additionally for the safeguarding of food and as a yellow dye for clothes. Since Ayurveda (1900 bc) various restorative actions have been allocated to turmeric for a wide assortment of sicknesses and conditions, including those of the skin, pneumonic, and gastrointestinal systems, torments, wounds, hyper-extends, furthermore, liver issues. Parts of turmeric are named curcuminoids, which incorporate predominantly curcumin (deferulolyl methane), demethoxycurcumin and bisdemethoxycurcumin. Turmeric with its most active extracts curcumin and curcuminoids is by all accounts substantially more than simply a yellow colorant for Indian curries. Due to its extra-conventional sub-atomic structure it shows solid enemy of oxidative, just as mitigating properties. It is broadly utilized for giving tone and flavor to the food in the conventional Indian medication, turmeric powder is utilized to treat a wide assortment of illnesses.
Risks, Challenges and Value for Money of Public–Private Partnerships

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Abstract This study examines the unique issues, challenges and risks emerging at the end of a public‐private partnership (PPP) concession. The M4 motorway is the first Australian PPP that has reached the end of its concession. The absence of formal guidance on contractual closure created challenges for the partners in interpreting contract ambiguities, and in reaching agreement on the processes needed to close the contract. These challenges had posed several relational risks, the mitigations of which were supported by the relational contract partners developed over the concession term, and their reciprocity and ethical motivations. The reintegration risk emerged in the handback exemplifies the limits of controls designed for legitimacy concerns to resolve coordination problems. The political settlement for value for money was gestured by lifting the toll after the concession ended. In providing unparalleled empirical evidence against the long‐term ‘myths’ of PPPs, the study counters the criticism over PPPs’ impossibilities to handle uncertainties and to transfer risk.
Distraction Osteogenesis Correction of Mandibular Ramis Fracture Malunion in a Juvenile Mute Swan (Cygnus olor)

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

A juvenile mute swan (Cygnus olor) was presented with right lateral deviation of the mandible. Radiographs demonstrated a healed fracture of the right mandibular ramis, which had compromised osteogenesis. A corrective osteotomy was performed and an osteogenic distractor was inserted over the lateral aspect of the right mandible. Dental acrylic implants were fixed to the rhinotheca to correct rotational alignment. A pharyngostomy tube was placed to facilitate administration of nutrition and medication. Postoperative images confirmed correct alignment of the mandible in relation to the maxilla. Implants were removed and postoperative complications were not reported. This is the first report of an osteogenic distractor used to correct mandibular deviation in an avian species. Distraction osteogenesis should be considered as a valid surgical option in juvenile or adult avian patients with pathologic bone shortening.
Analysis on Effect of Combination Depressurization Therapy in Diabetes Combined with Hypertension

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective:To explore the clinical effects of combination depressurization therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes combined with hypertension.Methods:The patients were divided into two groups(A and B) by random allocation and parallel-group control method.The patients in group A received nifedipine sustained-released tablets 40 mg/d single,and the patients in group B received nifedipine sustained-released tablets 20 mg/d and valsartan(ARB)80 mg/d.Results:After treatment for 8 weeks,SBP130 mm Hg and DBP80 mm Hg of patients in group B.The normal rates of SBP and DBP of patients were 68.96% and 93.10% respectively.There was a significantly increases in group B than group A(P0.05),and there was a less adverse reaction in group B(P0.05).Conclusions:There is an ideal curative effects and a less adverse reactionin treatment of type 2 diabetes combined with hypertension with ARB.
Reflection in language teaching: A comparison between preservice and experienced teachers of English

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Teachers’ ability to reflect on their performances or reflective teaching has been commonly used and accepted in the educational contexts. However, it has not become a content item or a course in educational curricula so far. For this reason, reflective abilities of teachers or preservice teachers cannot be measured, and there is limited feedback on their reflective performances in the teaching and learning process. The purpose of this study is to provide evidence of reflection and reflective skills of preservice teachers of English (PTE) along with experienced teachers of English (ETE) by measuring the use of reflection in different settings such as classroom settings, colleagues and management settings. Reflection-oriented reactions of ETE and PTE to possible complexities or problematic situations were scored by using Teacher Reflection Scale to reveal if they are reflective practitioners or not. The data were collected from 298 volunteer PTE and 293 ETE. Statistical analyses give evidence that ETE participants reflect more than PTE participants. Among PTE, participants mostly reflect in classroom and colleagues’ settings, but not in management settings. Besides, ETE participants also reflect in classroom settings, but not in collegial setting. They prefer to reflect within management setting. Compared to PTE, there is evidence that more ETE in teaching and learning environments reflect on their practices. Key words: Reflection, teaching, teacher development, assessment.