jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A Fiqhi (Islamic Law) Analysis of the Vendee’s Right to Disclosure in Respect of Sukuk Assets’ Ownership

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This study aims at establishing the Shariah provisions on a vendee’s right to disclosure of sukuk assets’ ownership in Islamic Finance. Three main areas were the focus of the paper, to wit: the meaning and types of disclosure; classical cases of disclosure under Islamic jurisprudence, and the position of Shariah on the disclosure of ownership of sukuk assets to the vendee. The methodology adopted for the work is both descriptive and analytical, with emphasis on citation of relevant authorities. A key finding of the study is that disclosure, if properly enforced, could serve as an alternative regulatory mechanism, particularly in jurisdictions where there are no central regulatory authorities for Islamic banks or Islamic capital markets. The study further argued that the potential realms of disclosure vis a vis the Islamic sukuk assets’ ownership are three. When the two parties are silent, when the disclosure made is fraudulent, and when the disclosure itself amounts to ‘half-truth’ in law. The study recommends that disclosure with respect to ownership of sukuk assets should be made a benchmark determining whether or not a sukuk issuance is Shariah compliant. Similarly, the regulatory authorities should mandate sukuk issuing houses to make full disclosure of the status and extent of the vendee’s ownership of sukuk underlying assets.
Pembinaan Akhlak Siswa melalui Metode Pembiasaan di Kelas VIII C MTs. Ali Maksum Yogyakarta

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study attempts to determine the process of implementing student moral development and the obstacles that cause moral deviations. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach with observation, interview, and documentation methods. Data analysis techniques in this study are: Data reduction, data coding, drawing conclusions. The results of student moral development through the habituation method are quite good, this can be seen from several students who were previously considered to have poor morals, but after moral development through the habituation method, experienced positive behavioral changes. These changes can be seen as students who participate in activities and obey the rules applied by the madrasah, their behavior leads to good things in accordance with religious teachings, including behaving respectfully, disciplined, caring for others, and being generous.
A hybrid NDN-IP Architecture for Live Video Streaming: A QoE Analysis

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

With live video streaming becoming accessible in various applications on all client platforms, it is imperative to create a seamless and efficient distribution system that is flexible enough to choose from multiple Internet architectures best suited for video streaming (live, on-demand, AR). In this paper, we highlight the benefits of such a hybrid system for live video streaming as well as present a detailed analysis with the goal to provide a high quality of experience (QoE) for the viewer. For our hybrid architecture, video streaming is supported simultaneously over TCP/IP and Named Data Networking (NDN)-based architecture via operating system and networking virtualization techniques to design a flexible system that utilizes the benefits of these varying internet architectures. Also, to relieve users from the burden of installing a new protocol stack (in the case of NDN) on their devices, we developed a lightweight solution in the form of a container that includes the network stack as well as the streaming application. At the client, the required Internet architecture (TCP/IP versus NDN) can be selected in a transparent and adaptive manner.Based on a prototype we have designed and implemented maintaining efficient use of network resources, we demonstrate that in the case of live streaming, NDN achieves better QoE per client than IP and can also utilize higher than allocated bandwidth through in-network caching. Even without caching, our hybrid setup achieves better average bitrate over live video streaming services than its IP-only alternative. Furthermore, we present detailed analysis on ways adaptive video streaming with NDN can be further improved with respect to QoE.
Evaluation of fracture toughness and impact toughness of laser rapid manufactured Inconel-625 structures and their co-relation

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The present study involves evaluation of fracture toughness and Charpy impact toughness of Inconel 625 structures fabricated by laser based additive manufacturing. The results of crack tip opening displacement (CTOD) fracture toughness are close to those reported for the Inconel 625 weld metal. The nature of the load–time traces of instrumented Charpy impact tests revealed that the alloy Inconel 625 in laser fabricated condition was associated with fully ductile behavior with Charpy V-Notch impact energy in the range of 48–54 J. Stress relieving heat treatment at 950 °C for 1 h has resulted in marginal improvement in the impact toughness by about 10%, whereas no clear evidence of such improvement is seen in the CTOD fracture toughness. Fractographic examination of the Charpy specimens and the results of the instrumented impact tests imply that the mechanism of crack growth was propagation controlled under dynamic loading conditions. Dynamic fracture parameters were estimated from the instrumented impact test data and compared with the experimentally evaluated fracture toughness results.
Nuclear Quantum Effects Largely Influence Molecular Dissociation and Proton Transfer in Liquid Water under an Electric Field

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Proton transfer in liquid water controls acid-base chemistry, crucial enzyme reactions, and the functioning of fuel cells. Externally applied static electric fields in water are capable of dissociating molecules and transferring protons across the H-bond network. However, the impact of nuclear quantum effects (NQEs) on these fundamental field-induced phenomena has not yet been reported. By comparing state-of-the-art ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) and path integral AIMD simulations of water under electric fields, I show that quantum delocalization of the proton lowers the molecular ionization threshold to approximately one-third. Moreover, also the water behavior as a protonic semiconductor is considerably modified by the inclusion of NQEs. In fact, when the quantum nature of the nuclei is taken into account, the proton conductivity is ∼50% larger. This work proves that NQEs sizably affect the protolysis phenomenon and proton transfer in room-temperature liquid water.
Emergent $s$-wave interactions in orbitally active quasi-two-dimensional Fermi gases

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We investigate the scattering properties and bound states of a quasi-two-dimensional (q2D) spin-polarized Fermi gas near a $p$-wave Feshbach resonance. Strong confinement promotes the out-of-plane spatial wave functions to a discrete, gapped orbital degree of freedom. Exchange-antisymmetric orbital pair wave functions are predicted to give rise to low-energy q2D interactions with $s$-wave symmetry. Using radiofrequency (rf) spectroscopy, we observe the signature power-law scaling and the dimensional-crossover feature anticipated for the emergent $s$-wave channel. Additionally, we demonstrate that two types of low-energy dimers, with either $s$-wave and $p$-wave symmetry, could be formed via rf spin-flip association from an orbital mixture. These findings illustrate how gapped orbital degrees of freedom can provide additional control over scattering symmetries in strongly confined ultracold gases.
Plasma Prothrombin during Treatment with Dicumarol

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Ganrot, P. O. & Niléhn, J.-E. Plasma Prothrombin during Treatment with Dicumarol. II. Demonstration of an abnormal prothrombin fraction. Scand. J. clin. Lab. Invest. 22, 23-28, 1968.Immunochemical analysis of plasma from patients treated with Dicumarol revealed the co-occurrence of two fractions of prothrombin. They could be separated completely by agarose gel electrophoresis. One of the fractions behaved like prothrombin of plasma from subjects not treated with Dicumarol and was therefore called the ‘normal’ prothrombin. The other fraction did not form a complex with calcium ions, it was not activated on recalcification of citrated plasma, and it could not be absorbed with barium sulphate precipitate. An immunochemical method was devised for quantitative determination of the ‘normal’ prothrombin fraction. In individual plasma samples from 52 patients, some receiving treatment with Dicumarol, a very close correlation (r=0.946) was found between the concentration of ‘normal’ prothrombin and the prothrombin-proconvertin activity.
Widespread cellular proliferation and focal neurogenesis after traumatic brain injury in the rat

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Purpose: A proliferation of stem/progenitor cells is observed after brain injury. We examined the regional and temporal profile of mitotically active cells to determine whether traumatic brain injury (TBI) would increase neurogenesis in selective brain regions. Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats received injections (IP) of 5-bromo-deoxyuridine (BrdU), a compound used to detect mitotic cells, before and after fluid-percussion brain injury. At 3 hr, 1, 2, 3, 7, and 14 days after moderate fluid percussion, brains were processed for immunocytochemical and confocal analysis. Sections were double-labeled for markers selective for neurons (NeuN), astrocytes (GFAP), olidgodendrocytes (CNPase and MBP) and macrophage/microglia (ED1). Results: At 3 hr post-trauma, the majority of BrdU labeled cells were associated with the subventricular zone of the traumatized hemisphere. At later time points, a significant increase in BrdU positive cells was observed throughout the traumatized cerebral cortex, hippocampus, white matter structures, and some contralateral regions. BrdU labeled cells were observed as late as 14 days post-injury. Double-label studies with confocal microscopy demonstrated that cell phenotypes including astrocytes, macrophage/microglia, oligodendrocytes, and neurons were BrdU positive with the majority of cells appearing glial in nature. Evidence for neurogenesis was seen in the granular cell layer of the hippocampus. Conclusion: These findings indicate that TBI stimulates widespread cellular proliferation for days after injury and results in focal neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. These cellular responses to injury may participate in brain repair and functional recovery.
Critical Integration of Multiple Texts

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

本論文では, 高次リテラシーとしての批判的統合に焦点を当てて, 近年増加しつつある複数テキスト処理研究のレビューを行った。まず, 批判的統合を相補的統合と対比し, 前者を, 批判的思考を土台にしながら複数テキストからの情報を統合する処理過程とその所産と定義した。そして, その必要性は特に, 学問分野の実践とそれに即した教育, 市民としての社会参加という文脈において顕在化することを論じた。本論文ではさらに次の3点から先行研究の整理・総合を試みた。第1に, 先行研究をもとに, テキスト評価, テキスト間関係の理解, 裁定を批判的統合の中核的コンポーネントとして提案した。第2に, 学問分野の(準)熟達者と比較して, 初学者である学生はしばしばなぜ批判的統合を適切に行うことができないのかを読み手変数, すなわち, 方略利用, 課題表象, 個人的認識論の観点から検討した。第3に, 学生の批判的統合能力を改善するためにこれまで提案・検証されてきた教授介入方法を取り上げ, 批判的吟味を加えた。最後に, 今後の課題と展望を示して本論文を締めくくった。
Effect of Network Latency on Interactive Musical Performance

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We investigate the effects of different levels of delay (or latency) on the coordination, pace and timing regularity of musicians who are in remote locationsâ&#x80;&#x94;a situation encountered in an interactive network performance. Two pairs of musicians performed two Mozart duets while isolated visually and connected through microphones and headphones. Different levels of latency (0, 20, 40, 50, 80, 100, 120, 150, and 200 ms) were introduced into the performing environment (musicians heard themselves in real time and only the other part delayed); the musicians performed the duets under these conditions and rated their musicality and level of interactivity. Although the musicians chose different strategies to handle the latency, which resulted in different levels of success in maintaining coordination, pacing and regularity, both duets were strongly affected by latency at and above 100 ms. At these levels, the musicians rated the performances as neither musical nor interactive, and they reported that they played as individuals and listened less and less to one another.
Intra-examiner reliability of measurements of ankle range of motion using a modified inclinometer: a pilot study.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

A modified inclinometer was designed for measuring total ankle range of motion (ROM) in the standing position for a large future study. The purpose of this pilot study was to assess the intra-examiner reliability of this new device in order to see if the examiner would be able to produce equally reliable measurements with this instrument as with a routinely used goniometer. Nineteen young healthy individuals took part in the pilot. The same examiner took the ROM measurements using both devices twice on the same day and one further time 2 or 3 days later. Test-retest reliability was measured using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). The ICC values were 0.86 (95% CI=[0.67; 0.94]) and 0.83 (95% CI=[0.61; 0.93]) for the measurements taken with the goniometer on the same day and for those on two different days. The corresponding values for the modified inclinometer were 0.88 (95% CI=[0.72;0.95]) and 0.81 (95% CI=[0.57; 0.92]). Both instruments were found to have very good test-retest reliability.
Fertility and social class in a French village, 1901–75

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Summary The extent to which it is possible to recognize distinctive patterns of marriage and fertility within sub-groups of the rural population is examined by an analysis of the fertility experience of 294 females who lived in a single village in southern Normandy at some period between 1901 and 1975. Aggregate analysis demonstrates the existence of differential fertility between classes. Examination of circumstantial evidence for individual sub-groups suggests that attitudes towards capital accumulation and inheritance are the major explanatory factors for these differentials.
Infectivity of a mermithid nematode Romanomermis iyengari (Welch) in different conductivity levels under laboratory and field conditions.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Infectivity of R. iyengari was examined by exposing mosquito (Culex quinquefasciatus) larvae to the preparasite at different conductivity levels. The preparasite infected 63.5, 30, 11, 1.5 and 0.5% of the mosquito larvae respectively at 2000, 2500, 3000, 3300 and 3600 mu ho/cm. Although, 62-69% of the preparasite survived at 4000-5400 mu ho/cm, it did not infect. Application of preparasite to tree-holes resulted in 53-63% infection of Aedes albopictus larvae initially. On 6th day the infection level was 40% which decreased further to 7% by 15th day. The infection reappeared on 38th day indicating that R. iyengari has not only infected mosquito larvae as soon as they were applied to tree-holes in which the conductivity was 600-2800 mu ho/cm but also got established there.
Data‐driven approach for early detection of pathological pathways in middle‐aged adults with family history of sporadic Alzheimer’s disease

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract Background In a sample of cognitively unimpaired (CU) middle‐aged adults with family history (FH) of sporadic Alzheimer’s disease (AD), we (i) classified participants based on similarity patterns of expression in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers of AD, axonal damage, synaptic dysfunction, neuroinflammation, and glial response, and (ii) characterized the participants expressing these patterns using neuroimaging, demographics, clinical, and FH variables. Method 254 CU participants with FH of sporadic AD from the ALFA study (Table 1) underwent imaging, lumbar puncture, clinical, and neuropsychological evaluations. CSF‐biomarkers Ab42, Ab40, NfL, neurogranin, sTREM2, YKL40 and GFAP were measured by Roche NeuroToolKit immunoassays; p‐tau181 and p‐tau217 were measured with an in‐house Simoa‐based assay, p‐tau231 with an ADx ELISA, and SYT1 and SNAP25 using immunoprecipitation mass spectrometry. Participants were clustered using an agglomerative clustering algorithm according to their similarity of CSF‐biomarker expression–Subsequently, we performed statistical groups comparisons. Result Four clusters were identified. Higher Aβ burden (lower Aβ 42 / 40 ) was the hallmark of only 1 cluster (C1: “AD‐like” , mean centiloid [CL]: 15), while the other 3 clusters showed lower Aβ burden but higher expression of Glial (C2), Tau (C3, “SNAP‐like ”), or synaptic (C4) markers (mean CL: ‐2.6, ‐4.5, ‐2.2, respectively) (Figure 1). The “AD like” cluster comprised the oldest participants with the lowest memory performances (C1<C2<C3<C4), the highest frequency of APOE‐ε4 carriers (C1>C3>C2>C4), participants with the closest age to the parental onset (C1>C2>C4>C3), and low gray matter in the hippocampus and AD‐sensitive regions (C1<C3<C4). The “Glial” cluster showed a higher proportion of hypertensive participants (C2>all) with preserved executive performances and hippocampus (C2>all). The “SNAP‐like” cluster, composed mainly by females (80%), showed the highest proportion of participants with both parents affected with AD and the lowest hippocampus volume (C3<all). The “ Synaptic” cluster showed a greater proportion of males, with the best memory performance among the clusters. Conclusion In CU middle‐aged adults, we identified differential expressions of CSF‐biomarkers conforming to Aβ‐dependent and independent biological pathways, some of which resemble previously described biomarker conditions such as SNAP. These distinct biomarker expressions were associated with specific imaging and clinical features. Longitudinal studies are warranted to investigate the clinical progression of participants showing these distinct biomarker profiles.
Precoded space-time block coded GMSK system with soft-output demodulation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, a soft output precoded space-time block coded (STBC) Gaussian minimum shift-keying (GMSK) system with two transmit antennas and one receive antenna is proposed. The memory of the continuous phase modulation (CPM) signal is eliminated by precoding, but it will result in inter-symbol interference (ISI). The turbo detection and decoding receiver with a linear SISO detector based on MMSE criterion is used to reduce the inherent ISI. The iterative principle is applied and a good performance is achieved.
User Experience and Behavioural Adaptation Based on Repeated Usage of Vehicle Automation: Online Survey

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

For years, Level 2 vehicle automation systems (VAS) have been commercially available, yet the extent to which users comprehend their capabilities and limitations remains largely unclear. This study aimed to evaluate user knowledge regarding Level 2 VAS and explore the correlation between user experiences (UX), behavioural adaptations, trust, and acceptance. By using an online survey, we sought to deepen understanding of how UX, trust, and acceptance of Level 2 automated vehicles (AVs) evolve with prolonged use in urban traffic. The survey, comprising demographic data and knowledge inquiries (automated driving experience and timeframes, vehicle operation competency, driving skills over long-term use of automation, the learning process, automation-induced effects, trust in automation, and ADS researchers and manufacturers), was completed by various drivers (N=16). This investigation focused on users' long-term experiences with automation in urban traffic. Consequently, we offer user-centric transformative insights into users' experiences with driving automation in urban traffic settings. Results revealed that users’ knowledge of automation exhibits their learning patterns, trust and acceptance. Moreover, users’ attitudes trust, and acceptance varies across different user profiles. What we have also learned about UX and the changing nature of user behaviours towards automation is that, automated driving changes influence the safety and risk conditions in which users and AVs interact. These findings can inform the development of interaction design strategies and policy aimed at enhancing UX of AV users. Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions; Innovative Training Network (ITN); SHAPE-IT; Grant number 860410
Investigación en enseñanza de las ciencias en la Universidad de Cornell: esquemas teóricos, cuestiones centrales y abordes metodológicos

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper provides a description of the kinds of telling questions, guiding theories, and research methodologies involved in the science education program at Cornell University in recent years, and that will continue to be in the research agenda in the near future. Given its research bias, it does not focus directly on matters such as curriculum development, instructional practices, and teacher preparation —which are also being carried out at Cornell —but rather on implications of research findings on these matters. By doing this, the authors attempt to be coherent with the fact that the program is theory -based and that in its development there has been a continuous effort to design both research and new instructional practices from a theoretical foundation, and in turn construct, modify, and elaborate the theoretical frameworks. An English version of this paper is available from the authors upon request.
Thermo-optical and thermo-elastic effects onboard the lisa pathfinder mission

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The LISA Pathfinder mission has paved the way to the Gravitational-Wave space astronomy. Not only it tested the technology needed by a space observatory LISA-like, but also studied and analysed the non-gravitational forces that appear between two free-falling test masses. Indeed, after about a year and a half of the mission (including commissioning, science operation, and extension phases), the satellite measured a residual acceleration noise between the masses of 1.74 fm s^{-2}/ \sqrt{Hz} above 2 mHz. It is an improvement of approximately a factor 15 with respect to the LISA Pathfinder requirement established before the mission, and a factor 5 with respect to the LISA requirement at that time. This achievement has been possible thanks to the fact that the spacecraft had different subsystems which, besides acting on 15 degrees of freedom of the spacecraft, allowed to perform experiments to estimate and subtract the different disturbances.
Thermal fluctuations were one of the sources of perturbation that modified the relative acceleration between both test masses. Depending on whether they induce real forces on the masses or only changes in the optical path length, we distinguish two kinds of thermal disturbances, namely: those that are around the test masses and which produce real forces on them, and those that appear in locations such as the optical windows or the struts (thermo-optical and thermo-elastic contributions), where these thermal fluctuations can produce distortions that in turn change the optical path length of the laser. Aiming to monitor and analyse the temperature onboard the satellite, it was equipped with 24 thermal sensors and 14 heaters distributed around the more critical parts of the instrument. With the thermal sensors, we measured the temperature in those locations, and with the heaters, we stimulated thermally those components where the two kinds of thermal disturbances commented before could act.
In this thesis, in addition to showing the main results obtained during LISA Pathfinder, I focus on the temperature. I will show how the temperature evolved thorough the mission in its different phases and the thermal stability we achieved. Furthermore, I present the different in-flight experiments carried out to analyse and estimate the thermo-optical and thermo-elastic contributions. Finally, we discuss the implications of these analysis to the future Gravitational-Wave observatory, LISA.