jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Researches regarding the influence of the some technological elements on water use efficiency in maize from Crisurilor Plain

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Plain and the influence of the hybrid, plant density, crop rotation, nutrient supply, weeds and irrigation on water use efficiency were studied. Choosing of the hybrid with the best water use efficiency is very important because a hybrid from 500–600 FAO group (Fundulea 376) in unirrigated conditions and a hybrid from FAO group over 600 (Fundulea 365) obtained the biggest water use efficiency; the hybrid Fundulea 365 obtained the highest irrigation water use efficiency, 20.1 kg yield gain 1 mm-1 irrigation water. One of the most known hybrid in the area is Turda super and the highest water use efficiency was obtained using the plant density of 55 000 plants/ha in unirrigated variant and 70 000 plants/ha in irrigated variant. The highest irrigation water use efficiency, 20.7 kg yield gain 1 mm-1, was obtained at 70 000 plants ha-1. In maize monoculture was obtained the lowest values of the water use efficiency in unirrigated and irrigated variant: in the wheat-maize crop rotation the values were higher than in maize monoculture and in the wheat-maize-soybean were registered the highest values. The same situation was registered regarding the irrigation water use efficiency. Farm manure (30 t ha-1) and especially manure (30 t ha-1) +chemical fertilizers (N90P45) determined a higher values of the water use efficiency in comparison with the control. In the variant with organic + mineral fertilization was registered the higher value (19.4 kg yield gain mm-1) of the irrigation water use efficiency. Water use efficiency was much lower in the variant with weeds in comparison with the variant without the weeds; the differences were of 69% in unirrigated variant and of 64% in irrigated variant, very significant statistically. Irrigation water use efficiency from variant with weeds was lower than the value registered in the variant without weeds; the difference (68%) was very significant statistically. In average in period 1976–2012, the irrigation determined the increasing in water use efficiency with 22%, 19.4 kg mm-1 vs. 15.8 kg mm-1, but not in all the years caused the irrigation increasing in water use efficiency in comparison with unirrigated maize. The results research emphasized the need of the optimization for technology elements studied and a better water use efficiency will be obtained.
Acts of the General Assembly of Virginia, passed in 1852, in the seventy-sixth year of the Commonwealth.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

General acts.--Acts of a private or local nature.--Resolutions.--Virginia bill of rights.--Constitution of Virginia.--Schedule [for putting the constitution into use]--Table showing the times for the commencement of the regular terms of each circuit, county and corporation court.--Table showing the terms of the district courts and places for holding the same.--Separate election precincts.--A list of Commissioners [of Deeds] in other states and in the District of Columbia, appointed by the executive of Virginia, and appearing to be in office on the 10th day of February 1852, with the residence and date of appointment of each Commissioner.
Open Access Label-free peptide profiling of Orbitrap ™ full mass spectra

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Background: We developed a new version of the open source software package Peptrix that can yet compare large numbers of Orbitrap ™ LC-MS data. The peptide profiling results for Peptrix on MS1 spectra were compared with those obtained from a small selection of open source and commercial software packages: msInspect, Sieve™ and Progenesis™. The properties compared in these packages were speed, total number of detected masses, redundancy of masses, reproducibility in numbers and CV of intensity, overlap of masses, and differences in peptide peak intensities. Reproducibility measurements were taken for the different MS1 software applications by measuring in triplicate a complex peptide mixture of immunoglobulin on the Orbitrap ™ mass spectrometer. Values of peptide masses detected from the high intensity peaks of the MS1 spectra by peptide profiling were verified with values of the MS2 fragmented and sequenced masses that resulted in protein identifications with a significant score. Findings: Peptrix finds about the same number of peptide features as the other packages, but peptide masses are in some cases approximately 5 to 10 times less redundant present in the peptide profile matrix. The Peptrix profile matrix displays the largest overlap when comparing the number of masses in a pair between two software applications. The overlap of peptide masses between software packages of low intensity peaks in the spectra is
Patterns of Discomfort

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

A review of literature on comfort and discomfort indicates an increase in physical discomfort during the workday.In this paper, three different types of occupations were studied to identify whether a similar discomfort pattern exists in these occupations while participants perform work throughout the work day and workweek.Results are that sedentary and labor intensive occupations show an increase in physical discomfort throughout the workday.In addition, during the workweek, each occupation had a peak discomfort day and all occupations experienced a reduction of discomfort at the end of the last day of the workweek.Acknowledging and understanding why, when, and where discomfort peaks occur could assist in varying task scheduling to improve job performance.Future research should include emotional and psychological discomfort assessments, investigation of effects of age, time of year, and location in the world are warranted.
Different Methods of DNA Extraction from Dry Beet Seeds

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The genomic DNA of dry beet seeds of was extracted by SDS, CTAB or alkaline lysis method, and used 1% agarose to determine the purity of DNA and λDNA to judge the content of DNA. The results showed that the content of genomic DNA by adopting SDS or CTAB was higher, and both the DNA extracts were close to the total amount. The content of DNA was lower by using alkaline lysis method. However, the DNA extracted by the all three approaches could meet the requirements of SSR-PCR, without any difference in amplification bands. As it was fast and simple to extract DNA by alkaline lysis method, it would be suitable for extracting massive DNA as well as the PCR reaction without a high demand for the template. However, both SDS and CTAB are fit for an one-off massive extraction of the genomic DNA of beets, and for the PCR reaction with a high demand of the purity DNA.
Luxembourgish implementation of the Common European Asylum System: Insights from a small-scale country

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Within the so-called migration crisis, the focus of media and research has been mainly on Mediterranean countries, which were the first impacted by the arrival of refugees, as well as big recipients of asylum seekers such as Germany. Less attention has been directed toward small-scale countries such as Luxembourg, where the number of registered refugees arriving has more than doubled in 2015 and 2016 compared to 2014. In 2016, Luxembourg had 3582 registered first time applicants, which represents one of the highest numbers relative to its population in the European Union. Against this background, this presentation will focus on how Luxembourg has dealt with the implementation of the Common European Asylum System (CEAS) and the ways in which it has been affected by the so-called migration crisis. This paper will particularly focus on the question of reception of asylum seekers and refugees. Given the large number of applicants relative to the small size of the country, and the limited number of administrative levels, how was reception implemented, and what are the lesson to be learned? It will do so by mapping the main actors involved in the refugee scene. It will then move on to the contextualization of the reception of refugees in the housing and employment market. Finally, it will critically examine the stakeholders’ involvement in order to find the gaps in the asylum seeker/refugee reception.
Reliability of EasyForce Dynamometer for Assessment of Maximal Knee and Hip Strength, and Comparison to Rigid Isometric Dynamometers with External Fixation

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This study aimed to assess intra- and inter-visit reliability of a novel EasyForce dynamometer for assessment of maximal strength in knee extension and flexion, and hip abduction and adduction tasks. Young healthy participants (n = 50; 25 males, 25 females; age: 23.4 ± 2.1 years) were measured for maximal joint torque with EasyForce dynamometer and rigid isometric dynamometers with external fixation, in two-sessions (5–10 days apart). The intra-visit reliability was high (ICC) = 0.84–0.95 knee; 0.90–0.94 hip), with absolute reliability sometimes exceeding the acceptable threshold (CV = 6.9–10.6% knee; 7.8–11.8% hip). Inter-visit reliability was excellent for all tasks (ICC = 0.95–0.97 knee; 0.95–0.96 hip). Although the EasyForce values were different compared to rigid dynamometers, the correlations between the devices were high (r = 0.64–0.75 knee; 0.70–0.75 hip). In conclusion, the EasyForce dynamometer provides reliable means of assessing knee (extension and flexion) and hip (abduction and adduction) muscle strength.
Calorimetric Experiment on the Radiation Losses of 2-Mev Electrons

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Various investigators report from cloud-chamber experiments that the energy lost in the scattering of 2-Mev beta-rays is several times the loss calculated from the Bethe-Heitler theory. However, other experimenters have found that the production of x-rays in this range agrees with theory. To account for the extra energy loss, Klarmann and Bothe and Champion have suggested the emission of neutrinos as well as x-rays. To test this hypothesis, a 2-Mev beam of electrons was directed on a target immersed in mercury, the assembly acting as a calorimeter. Experiments using beryllium, gold, and mercury targets show that within the experimental error, which is somewhat less than one percent, no energy is carried out of the calorimeter by neutrinos or other penetrating radiation. It thus appears that the production of such radiations cannot account for the large extra energy losses reported from cloud-chamber experiments.
Identifikasi Tingkat Kecemasan Pre Operasi Pasien Fraktur di Ruang Aster dan Cempaka RSUD Abdul Wahab Sjahranie Samarinda

Field: Nursing (Health Sciences)

Background: In Indonesia, High mobility and human careless become one of the factors of traffic accident. The total number of traffic accident that occured, there were 5.8 % injures or about eight million people was suffering form fractures with the most common fracture type that often occurs, that was 36.9% limb fractures in the upper extremity and 65,2% limb fracture in lower extremity (Departemen Kesehatan Republik Indonesia, 2013). When people had limb fracture,surgery become one of efforts to restore the structure and the function of the bones into the initial condition. According to the medical data record of Abdul Wahab Sjahranie Hospital Samarinda in 2016, The number of patient who had ortopedic surgery was about 1.579 people. Smeltzer and Bare (2002) stated that Surgery is something that can cause the anxiety. Accordng to Carpenito (2002) 90% pra-surgery patient potentially had anxiety. In determining the level of that anxiety, it is necessary to have valid dan realiable asessment instrument that has been tested by using Hamillton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS). Purpose of study: To know descreption level anxienty patient of pra surgery on fracture patient. Method : research description to approach methode cross sectional study. Technique taking sample to this reasearch is using accidental sampling methode obtained respondent as much 17 person in mei until july 2017 at aster room and cempaka room of RSUD Abdul Wahab Sjahranie Samarinda. Result : based on univariat analysis, fraction have 2 (11,8%) not anxiety and 5 (29,4%) have mild anxiety, while most of the 10 (58,8%) respondent have moderate anxiety.Conclusion : level anxiety on patient pre surgery who have fractur, most of the 10 (58,8%) respondet have moderate anxiety.
Penerapan Terapi Bermain Boneka Tangan terhadap Tingkat Kecemasan Hospitalisasi pada Anak Usia Prasekolah di RSUD Ir. Soekarno Kabupaten Sukoharjo

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Hospitalization anxiety experienced by preschool children causes an increase in anxiety due to actions that cause trauma, children's hand puppets can explore the feelings they are experiencing. Objective: To determine the results of the implementation of hand puppet play therapy on the level of hospitalization anxiety in preschool children at the Ir. Soekarno Sukoharjo Regional Hospital. Method: This study used 2 respondents according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the method used pre-test and post-test, by providing hand puppet play therapy for 2 days carried out once a day for 30 minutes. Results: Results of the implementation of hand puppet play on hospitalization anxiety in preschool age children on day 1 of An. A got a score of 37 in the heavy category and An. B got a score of 28 in the heavy category. On the 2nd day on An. A got a score of 25 in the medium category and An. B got a score of 15 in the light category. Where the two patients before application were at a severe anxiety score and experienced a decrease in anxiety scores to moderate and mild. Conclusion: Hand puppet play therapy can reduce anxiety levels in children with hospitality.
Restructuring the U.S. Tax Court: A Reply to Stephanie Hoffer & Christopher Walker's 'The Death of Tax Court Exceptionalism'

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Stephanie Hoffer and Christopher Walker’s excellent Minnesota Law Review article, The Death of Tax Court Exceptionalism, http://ssrn.com/abstract= 2393412, analyzes the topical and important question of whether the Administrative Procedure Act (APA) governs the standard and scope of review the Tax Court applies to Internal Revenue Service (IRS) decisions. The APA contains provisions for court review of agency decisions but the Tax Court has repeatedly stated that the APA does not apply to it. As a result, the Tax Court has accorded less across-the-board deference to the IRS than APA standards call for.Professors Hoffer and Walker argue that the Tax Court should cease taking this exceptional position and instead apply the APA. I have long advocated for the abandonment of tax insularity, and the Tax Court’s history makes it of particular concern in this regard. As an Article I court that at one time was an independent agency, it is unclear even in which branch of government this tribunal belongs. The Tax Court is isolated from other courts and judicial institutions such as the Administrative Office of U.S. Courts and the U.S. Judicial Conference, although it is no longer subject to the provisions that govern administrative agencies.As a result, the question of whether the APA’s “reviewing court” provisions apply to the Tax Court is not as doctrinally obvious as one might imagine, as this Reply demonstrates. Yet, this is primarily a symptom of the larger problem of the Tax Court’s insularity and unclear position in the federal government. Although it would be helpful for the Tax Court to implement APA procedures even without making other structural changes, a piecemeal approach is not particularly efficient. Recent case law suggests that litigants will continue to raise issues about the Tax Court’s unusual structure as long as it is different from other courts. The broad point of this Reply is therefore that it is past time to classify the Tax Court’s place in the federal scheme and treat the court like the judicial body that it is.
Laboratory Evaluation of a New Antibiotic—Cephaloridine (Ceporin)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Partial Gastrectomy-Windsor MEDBRICTlSJHRNAL cardia may well lead to the development of a hiatus hernia and account for the high incidence of this condition in the Billroth I group.A further possible explanation of the findings is that there is a reduction in tone of the intrinsic sphincter mechanism of the lower oesophagus after partial gastrectomy.Clark and Vane (1961) showed that in animals the presence of alkali in the lower oesophagus reduces the tone in this sphincter, and it is thought that alkali in the oesophagus of post-gastrectomy patients reduces the efficiency of the gastro-oesophageal closing mechanism still further.Stammers and Williams (1963) have pointed out that iron absorption after partial gastrectomy is adequate for normal needs provided there is no occult loss.An attempt was made to correlate anaemia with radiological reflux.Iron deficiency and anaemia were present in as many patients with reflux as in those without, and no significant conclusions could be drawn from this small series.A more detailed study is planned to clarify this point.It is suggested, however, that oesophagitis after partial gastrectomy is a much more common condition than hitherto recognized and is a possible cause of loss of blood in the post-gastrectomy patient.Summary Sixty-one unselected patients were investigated after partial gastrectomy, and heartburn was found to be a complaint in 16 of them.Radiological reflux was induced in 24 patients- 50% of the Biliroth I and 27% of the Polya cases.Hiatus hernia was present in only six patients.It is suggested that the symptoms are due to alkaline reflux with tryptic digestion of the oesophageal mucosa, and a mechanism is suggested for ts causation.An attempt to correlate the symptoms of oesophagitis with post-gastrectomy anaemia was unsuccessful, though this is thought to be a likely association.
Clinical Pain Scale Compendium

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Title: Clinical Pain Scale Compendium\nAuthors: James Aiken, SPT1, Tiffany Crow, SPT1, Nicholas Pilch, SPT1\nAffiliation(s): 1. Physical Therapy Program, University of Puget Sound\nTheory:\nPain is one of the pivotal aspects of a healthcare examination. Clinicians cannot measure pain objectively, and thus, we can only obtain a subjective report of the patient’s experience. However, the human experience of pain can be measured beyond merely its intensity. The purpose of this compendium is to present a range of pain aspects; the who, what, where, when, and how much of pain measurement. This is accomplished with the following domains: affective, beliefs, intensity, sensory quality, location, temporal, impact on activities of daily living, and population. The aim of this compendium is to present a model of various pain dimensions and to expand the number of tools available to measure pain, as pain can mean different things. It is novel in its breadth of coverage of pain scales and comprehensive summarization for ease of use. With an improved capacity of pain measurement tools available, clinicians can better correlate care with more accurate pain assessments to meet a patient’s unique needs. In conclusion, we have compiled these measures to provide additional pain evaluation tools for physical therapists and other medical professionals in order to improve patient care.
Select targeting of intracellular Toll-interleukin-1 receptor resistance domains for protection against influenza-induced disease

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

TLRs are a family of PRRs that respond to PAMPs or host-derived Danger-Associated Molecular Patterns (DAMPs) to initiate host inflammation and immune responses. TLR dimerization and recruitment of adapter molecules is critical for intracellular signaling and is mediated through intracellular Toll-Interleukin 1 Receptor Resistance (TIR) domain interactions. Human TIR domains, including reported structures of TIR1, TIR2, TIR6, TIR10, TIRAP, and MyD88, contain Cysteine (Cys) interactions or modifications that are disproportionally at, or near, reported biological TIR interfaces, or in close proximity to functionally important regions. Therefore, we hypothesized that intracellular TIR Cys regulation may have greater functional importance than previously appreciated. Expression of mutant TLR4-C747S or treatment of TLR4 reporter cells with a small molecule, Cys-binding inhibitor of TLR4, TAK-242, abrogated LPS signaling in vitro. Using TAK-242, mice were protected from lethal influenza challenge as previously reported for extracellular TLR4 antagonists. Molecular modeling and sequence analysis of the region surrounding TLR4-Cys747 indicate conservation of a WxxxE motif identified among bacterial and NAD+-consuming TIRs, as well as within the TIRs domains of surface TLRs 1, 2, 4, 6, and 10. Together, these data support the hypothesis that critical Cys within the TIR domain are essential for TLR4 functionality.
Maternal effects in molecular evolution

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

We introduce a model of molecular evolution in which the fitness of an individual depends both on its own and on the parent's genotype. The model can be solved by means of a nonlinear mapping onto the standard quasispecies model. The dependency on the parental genotypes cancels from the mean fitness, but not from the individual sequence concentrations. For finite populations, the position of the error threshold is very sensitive to the influence from parent genotypes. In addition to biological applications, our model is important for understanding the dynamics of self-replicating computer programs.
Introduction: Bergson’s Phenomenological Reception: the Spirit of a Dialogue of Self-Resistance

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

It is curious that a philosopher who one phenomenologist, Sartre, admits 'bowled' him over and who another, Merleau-Ponty, acknowledges 'bowled over philosophy' would receive such scant attention from phenomenology — both in its emergence as the dominant discourse in continental philosophy and its persistence as such today.1 Despite Bergson's immense popularity at the turn of the twentieth century, the French philosopher Péguy suggested as early as 1913 that his thought, or the fashionableness of it, was already in the process of dying. That is, it was clear that Bergson would leave behind no Bergsonian school; Bergson was dead, and European intellectuals had killed him, with a cultural Vice grip' of sorts. Indeed, even 'the enemies of [Bergson's] enemies were ranged against him': Radical thinkers found Bergson's 'spiritualist' notion of freedom unsatisfying, while the Catholic Church indexed Bergson's writings in 1913 charging that his notion of the élan vital allegedly mixed human consciousness with revelation and privileged prideful, self-determining virtue over humility and grace.2 Then began the period of the world wars, which for European intellectuals brought home the tragic dimension of human existence to which Bergson's 'optimistic' thought could not present a plausible response. 3