jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A fast macroblock mode decision scheme using ROI-based coding of H.264/MPEG-4 Part 10 AVC for mobile video telephony applications

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We propose a fast macroblock mode decision scheme in the H.264|MPEG-4 Part 10 Advanced Video Coding (AVC) for mobile video telephony applications. In general, the face region around a speaker is considered region of interest (ROI) while the background is not importantly considered, thus being regarded as non-ROI for the video telephony situations. We usually have to consider the following two issues: (1) the platforms of mobile video telephony are usually computationally limited and the AVC codecs are computationally expensive; and (2) the allowed channel bandwidths are usually very small so the compressed video streams are transmitted with visual quality degraded. In this paper, we challenge the two issues: Firstly, a fast macroblock mode decision scheme is contrived to alleviate the computational complexity of H.264|MPEG-4 Part 10 AVC; and secondly, ROI/non-ROI coding of H.264|MPEG-4 Part 10 AVC is incorporated to enhance subjective visual quality by encoding ROI data in higher quality but non-ROI data in lower quality. Our proposed fast macroblock mode decision scheme consists of three parts: early skip mode detection, fast inter macroblock mode decision and intra prediction skip parts. The skip mode detection method is to decide whether or not to perform the rest inter macroblock modes in P-Slices. The fast inter macroblock mode method is to reduce the candidate block mode by SATDMOTION from 16x16 and 8x8 block motion estimation. The intra prediction skipping condition is set to decide whether or not to perform the 4x4 intra prediction in P-Slices using the relation between magnitude of the motion vectors of the current macroblock and the occurrence frequencies of intra predicted macroblocks. The experimental results show that the proposed scheme yields up to 51.88% of the computational complexity reduction in total encoding time with negligible amounts of PSNR drops and bit rate increments, respectively.
ARTICLE IN PRESS Developing adaptable software architectures using design patterns: an NFR approach

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Just about everything changes, and so should a software system accordingly in order to survive and succeed. But how can we develop such a software system? Lately, a growing number of practitioners have shown great interests in using design patterns towards the development of an adaptable system, since design patterns represent high-level abstractions that reflect the experience of no other than skilled practitioners themselves. According to a given format, design patterns describe the context, problems, solutions and consequences of making specific design decisions. This paper presents, Proteus—a framework which is intended to support the development of adaptable software architectures using design patterns. The main concepts of Proteus are illustrated by way of a home appliance control system.
Executive succession and competitive advantage in U.S. hospitals: Simulating a randomized control trial

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Research linking executive succession and competitive advantage has produced inconsistent findings. Definitive empirical evidence is not available to reconcile how executive leadership succession influences competitive advantage and more specifically whether organizational insiders or outsiders perform better. Two significant concerns exist about the methods used to explore the executive succession-organizational performance phenomenon. First, improved study designs are needed allowing for more robust causal inferences to be made about succession's competitive impact. Second, disagreements about competitive advantage's measurement have contributed to inconsistent results. This study suggests design improvements for executive succession-organizational performance studies with an empirical example using a sample of U.S. hospitals. Propensity score matching was used to simulate a randomized control trial with executive succession as the intervention. Stochastic frontier estimation was used to measure organizations' competitive performances before and after executive succession occurred. The results provided empirical evidence from a simulated random sample indicating that change in leadership and specifically outside succession led to increased competitive capabilities. In general, executive leadership changes led to increased competitive capabilities in this study and outsiders were able to close the performance gap faster in the sampled hospitals. Insiders performed no better than the control group creating a relative reduction in gains to the frontier as compared to outsiders.
Cyber Physical Security (CPS) Extension to Air Traffic Management (ATM) Testbed

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The Air Traffic Management (ATM) Testbed is being developed at NASA to enable benefit, impact, safety and cost assessments for accelerating the deployment of Concept and Technologies (C&T) in the National Airspace System (NAS). Today, C&T introduction into the NAS takes decades. The primary reason for this is an inability to assess the operational impact of the interaction between the proposed C&T and operationally deployed systems (Realistic Technologies) in terms of NAS-wide safety, traffic flow efficiency, roles and workload of controllers and traffic managers, and impact on airline fleet operations. Transition of C&T to operations requires mathematical modeling and simulation, Human-in-the-Loop (HITL) testing and shadow-mode evaluation driven by operational data. Whereas interaction with the operational system during testing and stages of deployment is not permissible due to safety concerns, it is certainly possible to create a simulation environment that closely mimics the NAS using the same operational systems/hardware for enabling such assessments. This presentation focuses on a proposed Cyber Physical Security extension to the ATM Testbed for creating a modeling and simulation architecture to study how well the Air Traffic Management system will perform and analyze effectiveness of mitigating security measures against particular cyber-attack scenarios.
Short communication: Evidence for methylglyoxal-mediated browning of Parmesan cheese during low temperature storage

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Brown pigmentation can occasionally form in Parmesan cheese during the ripening process, creating an unappealing appearance and associated off-flavors. The browning reactions proceed at refrigerated temperatures and in the relative absence of reducing sugar, contrary to typical Maillard browning. Residual sugars, lipid oxidation products, byproducts of fermentation, and (or) enzymes may react with primary amines in cheese to form brown pigmentation and concomitantly generate volatile compounds unique to each of these reactions. Determining the volatile profiles provides a means of understanding the potential substrates involved and causative reaction pathways. This work is divided into 2 segments. The first portion characterized the pigmentation and the browning index of Parmesan cheeses with and without extensive browning. The second phase examined the volatile character of the cheeses using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Various pyrazines, such as 2,3,5-trimethylpyrazine and 3,5-diethyl-2-methylpyrazine, were found in the brown cheeses but were not present in the white samples. The formation of pyrazines is proposed to result from the spontaneous condensation of aminoacetone. Aminoacetone can be formed by the Strecker degradation of amino acids with methylglyoxal, the latter a byproduct of sugar fermentation. Evidence is provided to support a browning pathway mediated by the production of methylglyoxal in Parmesan cheese.
Kant’s Rational Autonomy

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

As we have seen, Boethius and Duns Scotus are hinge-figures; Kant is another, for two reasons: first because he marks a significant point in the gradual shift from talk of human dignity, which is Christian language, to rights-talk, which at least was to become post-Christian; and second, and relatedly, because Kant seems to many to offer the best chance of preserving human dignity and human rights without recourse to religious premises.1 I believe this hope delusory.
Linguistic Diversity from the K–12 Classroom to the Writing Center: Rethinking Expectations on Inclusive Grammar Instruction

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Language expresses our values and identities, but in educational spaces, multidialectical and multilingual students’ voices are often silenced in favor of Standard English (Lockett, 2019). As writing tutors and future language arts educators, we have developed a research-based inclusive grammar curriculum and classroom-based resources to expand the conversation surrounding linguistic inclusion. Guided by the principle that all students should be offered the opportunity to learn the conventions of Standard English, we advocate for inclusive teaching of Standard English grammar in K–12 classrooms and writing centers (Godley et al, 2015). Using previous research on multilingual students, linguistic inclusivity, and dialectical diversity, we created a website for K–12 classroom teachers that provides easily accessible, developmentally appropriate resources to normalize the idea that there is no single way to correctly write or speak English. These resources better prepare K–12 students to utilize writing center services, as both writers and tutors, once they reach higher education. Our lesson plans, worksheets, resource guides, and supplemental materials are designed to provide teachers with resources to have a conversation with students about the power and complexity of language and to anticipate the values of writing center work to support every writer to confidently use their own voice.
Domain-Specific Self-Concept in Relation to Traditional and Cyber Peer Aggression

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Individuals who aggress against others have been described both as having overall low self-concept and as having high, inflated self-concept. The conceptualization of self-concept as domain specific provides an alternate means to resolving this controversy. In this study, 223 middle school students completed self-report measures assessing self-concept across six domains as well as engagement in peer aggression, including cyber aggression. Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that individuals who reported engaging in higher levels of traditional and cyber peer aggression reported significantly lower self-concept in the domains of behavioral adjustment, intellectual and school status, and happiness and satisfaction. Higher levels of traditional and cyber peer aggression were not significantly related to self-concept in the domains of popularity, physical appearance and attributes, and freedom from anxiety. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
De ordine sacro militari cruciferorum s. Teutonicorum ejusque in Suecia possessionibus. Dissertatio historica quam ... præside Doct. Joh. Henr. Schröder ... pro gradu philosophico p. p. auctor Frider. Joh. Leonh. Wulff Westmanno-Dalecarlus. Stip. Guthermuth. In auditor. Gustav. die IX. Junii MDCCCXLV. H. P. M. S.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

De ordine sacro militari cruciferorum s. Teutonicorum ejusque in Suecia possessionibus. Dissertatio historica quam ... praeside Doct. Joh. Henr. Schroder ... pro gradu philosophico p. p. auctor Frider. Joh. Leonh. Wulff Westmanno-Dalecarlus. Stip. Guthermuth. In auditor. Gustav. die IX. Junii MDCCCXLV. H. P. M. S.
The Role of Imaging for the Sports Physician

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Summary In general, the patient population of the sports physician are highly motivated, competitive athletes, who tend to be under continuous time pressure. Imaging techniques can be very helpful in establishing the correct diagnosis and for choosing the appropriate therapy, monitoring the healing process and evaluating complications. In this chapter the role of imaging is discussed with specific focus on muscle and tendon injuries, stress fractures, shoulder and ankle injuries.
An update on the incidence of type 1 diabetes during the COVID ‐19 pandemic years

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest. The peer review history for this article is available at https://www.webofscience.com/api/gateway/wos/peer-review/10.1111/dom.15182. Research data are not shared. Upon reasonable request to the corresponding author further analyses can be carried out. Data S1: Supporting information. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Effect of plant extracts on radial growth of Helminthosporium oryzae causative of Brown spot disease of rice under in-vitro

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Brown spot disease, caused by Helminthosporium oryzae, is worldwide problem capable of causing considerable damage to paddy in the nursery, field or grain yield. The disease is seed borne, and thus can be transmitted through infected seeds and crop residues, alternate hosts and contaminated irrigation water. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of plant extracts on radial growth of Helminthosporium oryzae on rice plants. An in-vitro experiment was conducted at the Plant Pathology Laboratory of National Root Crop Research Institute, Umudike, Abia State, in Nigeria. Treatments included water and alcohol extracts of Azardiractha indica (Neem leaves), Piper guinensis (seeds), Garcinia cola (Bitter cola seeds), Ocimum gratissimum (leaf) and Vernonia amygdalina (leaf); and synthetic fungicide (Benomyl) at a concentrations of 10, 25 and 30% of the extract applied to H. oryzae in culture. The test materials were administered on Helminthosporium oryzae, sourced from rice seeds and infected shoot system of rice. Alcohol extract of Piper guineensis had the highest radial growth inhibition (89.89%) by the fifth day, but was not significantly different from Azardiractha indica, which had an inhibition value of 81.02%. The least effective plant extract was Ocimum gratssimum with radial inhibition of 11.50%, which occurred also on the fifth day. Plant extracts were as effective as the synthetic fungicide in inhibiting growth of the test fungus. Therefore, the effective extracts, all of which are readily available to the farmers, should be promoted instead of the synthetic fungicides, which are in limited supply and invariably expensive for rice farmers in Nigeria.
High-Performance Lateral Nanowire InGaAs MOSFETs With Improved On-Current

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

We report on In0.85Ga0.15As MOSFETs utilizing selectively grown lateral nanowires as the channel. These devices exhibit ON-current of ION = 565μ/Aμm at IOFF =100 nA/μm and VD=0.5 V, which is higher than all other reported values for III-V FETs. This is enabled by a transconductance of 2.9 mS/μm and a minimum SSsat of 77 mV/decade. A ballistic top-of-the-barrier model is used to model these devices and to predict their ultimate performance, which is approximately twice that of the fabricated devices.
EFFECTIVE BEHAVIOR OF SOLITARY WAVES OVER RANDOM TOPOGRAPHY ∗

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Abstract. The deformation of a nonlinear pulse traveling in a dispersive random medium can be studied with asymptotic analysis based on separation of scales when the propagation distance is large compared to the correlation length of the random medium. We consider shallow water waves with a spatially random depth. We use a formulation in terms of a terrain-following Boussinesq system. We compute the effective evolution equation for the front pulse which can be written as a dissipative Kortweg-de Vries equation. We study the soliton dynamics driven by this system. We show, both theoretically and numerically, that a solitary wave is more robust than a linear wave in the early steps of the propagation. However, it eventually decays much faster after a critical distance corresponding to the loss of about half of its initial amplitude. We also perform an asymptotic analysis for a class of random bottom topographies. A universal behavior is captured through the asymptotic analysis of the metric term for the corresponding change to terrain-following coordinates. Within this class we characterize the effective height for highly disordered topographies. The probabilistic asymptotic results are illustrated by performing Monte Carlo simulations with a Schwarz–Christoffel Toolbox.
Association of DNA helicase and primase activities with a subassembly of the herpes simplex virus 1 helicase-primase composed of the UL5 and UL52 gene products.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Herpes simplex virus 1 encodes a helicase-primase that is composed of the products of the UL5, UL8, and UL52 genes. A stable subassembly consisting of only the UL5 and UL52 gene products has been purified to near homogeneity from insect cells doubly infected with baculovirus recombinant for these two genes. The purified subassembly has the DNA-dependent ATPase, DNA-dependent GTPase, DNA helicase, and DNA primase activities that are characteristic of the three-subunit holoenzyme. The purified UL8 gene product, although required for viral DNA replication, neither exhibits these enzymatic activities nor stably associates with either the UL5 or the UL52 gene product.
Computer models of (music) cognition

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This chapter adds further comments on the discussion in Chapter 16. It provides a detailed account of the theoretical underpinnings of the computational modelling of cognitive processes. It is critical of the modelling approach followed by the target authors, especially with respect to its hand-crafted representation, musical presumptions, and its generality. It suggests that unsupervised, domain-general learning models are more informative and offer greater explanatory potential for cognitive modelling of music processing.
A new glimpse of Day One : an intertextual history of Genesis 1.1-5 in Hebrew and Greek texts up to 200 CE

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This thesis is an unconventional history of the interpretation of Day One, Genesis 1.1-5, in Hebrew and Greek texts \nup to c. 200 CE. Using the concept of ‘intertextuality’ as developed by Kristeva, Derrida, and others, the method for \nthis historical exploration looks at the dynamic interconnectedness of texts. The results reach beyond deliberate \nexegetical and eisegetical interpretations of Day One to include intertextual, and therefore not necessarily deliberate, \nconnections between texts. The purpose of the study is to gain a glimpse into the textual possibilities available to \nthe ancient reader / interpreter. Central to the method employed is the identification of the intertexts of Day One. \nThis is achieved, at least in part, by identifying and tracing flags that may draw the reader from one text to another. \nIn this study these flags are called ‘intertextual markers’ and may be individual words, word-pairs, or small phrases \nthat occur relatively infrequently within the corpus of texts being examined. The thesis first explores the \nintertextuality of Genesis 1.1-5 in the confines of the Hebrew Bible and the Septuagint. The second half of the \nthesis identifies and explores the intertexts of Day One in other Hebrew texts (e.g. the Dead Sea Scrolls, Sirach) and \nother Greek texts (e.g. Philo, the New Testament) up to c. 200 CE. The thesis concludes with a summation of some \nof the more prominent and surprising threads in this intertextual ‘tapestry’ of Day One. These summary threads \ninclude observations within the texts in a given language and a comparative look at the role of language in the \nintertextual history of Day One.
T-Type Calcium Channels Are Required to Maintain Viability of Neural Progenitor Cells

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

T-type calcium channels are low voltage-activated calcium channels that evoke small and transient calcium currents. Recently, T-type calcium channels have been implicated in neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorder and neural tube defects. However, their function during embryonic development is largely unknown. Here, we investigated the function and expression of T-type calcium channels in embryonic neural progenitor cells (NPCs). First, we compared the expression of T-type calcium channel subtypes (CaV3.1, 3.2, and 3.3) in NPCs and differentiated neural cells (neurons and astrocytes). We detected all subtypes in neurons but not in astrocytes. In NPCs, CaV3.1 was the dominant subtype, whereas CaV3.2 was weakly expressed, and CaV3.3 was not detected. Next, we determined CaV3.1 expression levels in the cortex during early brain development. Expression levels of CaV3.1 in the embryonic period were transiently decreased during the perinatal period and increased at postnatal day 11. We then pharmacologically blocked T-type calcium channels to determine the effects in neuronal cells. The blockade of T-type calcium channels reduced cell viability, and induced apoptotic cell death in NPCs but not in differentiated astrocytes. Furthermore, blocking T-type calcium channels rapidly reduced AKT-phosphorylation (Ser473) and GSK3β-phosphorylation (Ser9). Our results suggest that T-type calcium channels play essential roles in maintaining NPC viability, and T-type calcium channel blockers are toxic to embryonic neural cells, and may potentially be responsible for neurodevelopmental disorders.
Investigation of broadband emitting Butylammonium Tin Bromide phosphor for WLED application

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Yttrium aluminium garnet (Y3 Al5 O12: Ce3+, YAG:Ce) is the most commercially used phosphors for white light emitting diodes. However, the production of this phosphor is difficult because of the elevated temperature needed. This paper reports the investigation of Butylammonium Tin Bromide (BTB) (C4H9NH3)6SnBr8 perovskite as phosphor for white LEDs. Single crystals of BTB were grown and BTB crystals were broken down by Ultrasonic Homogenizer. The resulted powder was tested for its photophysical properties using a HORIBA FluoroMax-4 Spectrofluorometer, and its structure and composition using a Schottky Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope and XRD D8 Advance. The results shown a calculated photoluminescence quantum yield of 25%. The structure and composition of the powder is the same as the crystals grown and it is possible to produce white light with excitation at 330 nm using uv-LED. Based on the results, BTB perovskite is suitable of emitting light of the white light covering the visible region. Also as the synthesis of BTB is easier and requires a much lower temperature than YAG:Ce, it can be said that BTB would likely be a better substitute for YAG:Ce in white LEDs provided the PLQE is improved beyond 90 %.