jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Economics and Technology in China after Mao

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Research Article| September 01 1978 Economics and Technology in China after Mao Harry G. Gelber Harry G. Gelber Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Far Eastern Survey (1949) 18 (9): 967–979. https://doi.org/10.2307/2643605 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Harry G. Gelber; Economics and Technology in China after Mao. Far Eastern Survey 4 May 1949; 18 (9): 967–979. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/2643605 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAsian Survey Search This content is only available via PDF. Copyright 1978 The Regents of the University of California Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Adaptive Backstepping Design of a Microgyroscope

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents a novel algorithm for the design and analysis of an adaptive backstepping controller (ABC) for a microgyroscope. Firstly, Lagrange–Maxwell electromechanical equations are established to derive the dynamic model of a z-axis microgyroscope. Secondly, a nonlinear controller as a backstepping design approach is introduced and deployed in order to drive the trajectory tracking errors to converge to zero with asymptotic stability. Meanwhile, an adaptive estimator is developed and implemented with the backstepping controller to update the value of the parameter estimates in the Lyapunov framework in real-time. In addition, the unknown system parameters including the angular velocity may be estimated online if the persistent excitation (PE) requirement is met. A robust compensator is incorporated in the adaptive backstepping algorithm to suppress the parameter variations and external disturbances. Finally, simulation studies are conducted to prove the validity of the proposed ABC scheme with guaranteed asymptotic stability and excellent tracking performance, as well as consistent parameter estimates in the presence of model uncertainties and disturbances.
Synthesis, evaluation, and structural characterization of antioxidant diorganotin(IV) Complexes derived from ampicillin: a comprehensive study

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

This study offerings the preparation, structural analysis, and estimation of novel diorganotin(IV) complexes derived from an ampicillin as a ligand in terms of their antioxidant activity. The diorganotin complexes were yielded by a direct reaction between ampicillin and a different number of diorganotin(IV) chloride precursors. Various spectroscopic techniques, including CHNS, FTIR and nuclear magnetic resonance (1H, 13C, 119Sn NMR), were used to explain the molecular structures of the produced complexes. Through in vitro experiments such as the CUPRAC and DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) free radical scavenging technique, the novel diorganotin complexes' antioxidant activity were assessed. The results were compared to that of ligand antioxidants to evaluate the effectiveness of the complexes that were produced. The structural properties of the complexes were linked to their antioxidant capacity to identify the connection between molecular structure and biological function. KEY WORDS: Ampicillin, DPPH method, Diorganotin(IV) complexes, Antioxidants Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2024, 38(5), 1291-1300. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i5.8
25 Gb/s Two-Mode Transmission over 1-km Standard-Single Mode Fiber around 1060 nm with High Modal Bandwidth

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

We report a step-index standard single mode fiber as a two-mode fiber at 1060 nm with high modal bandwidth. We characterized a small set of fibers for modal bandwidth and identified one fiber having its modal bandwidth peaked at 1057.4 nm, very close to 1060 nm. It is found that the fiber has a relatively narrow wavelength window to achieve high modal bandwidth. The wavelength window with bandwidth above 2 GHz-km is about 22 nm. In further transmission experiments, we demonstrated 25 Gb/s NRZ transmission over 1-km of the fiber around 1060 nm.
Phase - II Lepage - type CUSUM charts for joint monitoring of location and scale

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

Most control charts in nonparametric statistics tend to focus on detecting changes in the location or scale parameters. Since it is ideal to monitor both, researchers have proposed to combine them into a single statistic. From there, the Lepage-type family of tests was born, and it’s been updated with many versions. Chowdhury, Mukherjee, and Chrakaborti proposed merging the Ansari-Bradley and Wilcoxon Rank Sum tests into a single plotting statistic able to track persistent changes in the location and scale parameters in Phase II in the form of a CUSUM chart, using a reference sample from Phase I. The work from Guerrero (2016) based on several tests proposed by Conover et al. (1981) shows that there may be many statistics able to perform better than the Ansari-Bradley for monitoring the scale parameter. In the present work, we propose three Control charts based on the mentioned recommendations. These are the LP-M, LP-FK, and LP-SR CUSUM charts, in which the Ansari-Bradley statistic is replaced for the Mood, the Fligner and Killeen, and the Squared ranks tests respectively. Via Monte Carlo simulations, Control limits are tabulated for practitioners, plus the In-control and Out-of-control performance of the charts are calculated and compared with the CUSUM-Lepage Chart proposed by Chowdhury. This will help to choose the most useful CUSUM chart for each scenario. An example using real data illustrates how the proposed Control Charts must be implemented.
DO POLICY NETWORKS LEAD TO NETWORK GOVERNING?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper challenges a common understanding, implicit in many governance studies, that once policy networks are in place, the form of governing that follows is network governing. It is argued that policy networks may be understood as a way of organizing stakeholders and only under specific conditions may the governing mode in which the networks operate be termed network governing. Consequently, policy networks may subsist under other governing modes, for example, under a hierarchical mode. The present study uses actor‐centred case studies in the area of Danish employment policy. Employment policy in Denmark is municipally implemented and the study found that the local governing mode was determined mainly by the municipality’s approach to local co‐governing. Less important, but nevertheless significant, is the capacity and interest of key private actors. Thus it is argued that nationally mandated local policy networks are insufficient in themselves to assure network governing in all settings. The reasons hierarchical governing modes prevail over those of network governing are identified and discussed in terms of agency and structure.
E-Beam Metallization and Optimization Using Second-Order Single Response Surface Methodology

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents a statistical designed experiment for equipment characterization, optimization and modeling of the e-beam evaporation on the thickness uniformity. There were two setting parameters of equipment that affect the process of metallization which are temperature and current. The effects on point-to-point and wafer-to-wafer thickness uniformity using second-order Single Response Surface Methodology (SRSM) were investigated. First-order experiment was done but the improvement in term of lack of fit was needed. Therefore, a second-order experiment of single response surface methodology with 13 runs has yield fitted model for point-to-point thickness uniformity of 97%, 98.2% and 97.5% for wafer 1,2 and 3 respectively. However the model for wafer-to-wafer thickness uniformity was not significant. The models that were significant can be used to optimize the setting parameter of e-beam evaporation.
Clinical Heterogeneity in Mitochondrial DNA Deletion Disorders: A Diagnostic Challenge of Pearson Syndrome

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The clinical presentation of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) disorders is quite diverse. Very often, the initial symptoms do not fit a specific disease, and diagnosis is difficult to make. We describe a patient who presented with macrocytic anemia. Extensive biochemical and clinical work-up failed to provide an etiology for the macrocytic anemia. The patient over the course of 6 years developed gait problems, exercise intolerance, episodic vomiting, short stature, dermatological problems, and recurrent infection. At age 8 years she had encephalopathy with ataxia and dysphagia. The presence of elevated lactate, bilateral basal ganglia calcification, and ragged red fibers led to mtDNA mutational analysis. A novel 4.4-kb deletion from nucleotide position 10,560 to nucleotide position 14, 980 was identified in muscle biopsy. The same heteroplasmic mtDNA deletion was present in blood, buccal cells, and hair follicles, but not in mother's blood, consistent with sporadic mutation in the patient. This case emphasizes the importance of considering mtDNA disorder in patients with multisystemic symptoms that cannot be explained by a specific diagnosis.
Ammonia borane–boron composites for hydrogen release: Thermolysis kinetics

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

In the present study, thermolysis characteristics and kinetics of ammonia borane–boron composites for hydrogen production were reported. Composites were prepared by ball milling neat ammonia borane with varying weight ratios of 20, 50, and 80 wt% of boron derivatives, namely boric acid and boron trioxide. Differential scanning calorimetry system was used to measure hydrogen production and determination of first hydrogen releasing temperature. Activation energy of composites decomposition was calculated by using several models, such as Kissinger, Ozawa–Flynn–Wall, and ASTM E 698 methods.
Wischhusen S., Schmitz G. Numerical Simulation of Complex Cooling and Heating Systems Numerical Simulation of Complex Cooling and Heating Systems

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The aim of the project is to develop a simulation tool for heating and cooling systems in building applications. This tool should enable configuration studies and dynamic system simulations with time scales from a few seconds up to one year within short computational times. Therefore, the simulation environment of Dymola, containing the programming language Modelica, is used to model complex heterogenous systems. In this paper the recent library for heating components is presented and the implemented models are subsequently used for a verifying simulation of an existing thermal power plant. Furthermore, the graphical user interface HKSIM is introduced as an applied tool for project management and post– processing, integrating Dymola for model editing and simulation only. 1
Emerging solutions from the battle of defensive alliances

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Competing strategies in an evolutionary game model, or species in a biosystem, can easily form a larger unit which protects them from the invasion of an external actor. Such a defensive alliance may have two, three, four or even more members. But how effective can be such formation against an alternative group composed by other competitors? To address this question we study a minimal model where a two-member and a four-member alliances fight in a symmetric and balanced way. By presenting representative phase diagrams, we systematically explore the whole parameter range which characterizes the inner dynamics of the alliances and the intensity of their interactions. The group formed by a pair, who can exchange their neighboring positions, prevail in the majority of the parameter region. The rival quartet can only win if their inner cyclic invasion rate is significant while the mixing rate of the pair is extremely low. At specific parameter values, when neither of the alliances is strong enough, new four-member solutions emerge where a rock-paper-scissors-like trio is extended by the other member of the pair. These new solutions coexist hence all six competitors can survive. The evolutionary process is accompanied by serious finite-size effects which can be mitigated by appropriately chosen prepared initial states.
Molecular bases for the anti-parasitic effect of NO (Review)

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Nitric oxide (NO) has emerged as an important cytotoxic and cytostatic effector for a number of pathogens, including viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites. When the microbicidal effect of NO occurs, the NO-mediated S-nitrosylation of cysteine containing proteins (e.g., cysteine proteases) appears to be a common and widespread mechanism. This overview concerns parasitic cysteine proteases as NO targets, providing molecular bases for the parasiticidal effect of NO.
Response of microencapsulated Lactobacillus casei to in-vitro conditions that simulate the gastrointestinal environment and inhibitory potential on Staphylococcus aureus

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Introduction: from a microbiological point of view, Staphylococcus aureus is one of the main contaminants causing foodborne illnesses, with symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal cramps, joint or back pain and fatigue. Bacterial resistance of pathogenic bacteria has recently been found to be a public health problem. An alternative is the use of microencapsulated probiotics for the inhibition of pathogenic microorganisms such as Lactobacillus casei. Objective: evaluate microencapsulated Lactobacillus casei ATCC 393® under in-vitro conditions simulating the gastrointestinal environment and the inhibitory potential on Staphylococcus aureus ATCC BAA 1708®. Materials and methods: reconstitution, seeding and adjustment of the inoculum; antibiogram of the two bacterial strains; fermentation kinetics of Lactobacillus casei; identification of peptides, amino acids and lactic acid of the supernatant; resistance of Lactobacillus casei to different temperatures (37 °C and 45 °C); microencapsulation of Lactobacillus casei; study, characterization and exposure to simulated gastrointestinal conditions of the microencapsulate after 90 days of storage and production of Exopolysaccharides. Results: the results indicate inhibitory action of the Lactobacillus casei strain against pathogenic bacteria; exponential phase at 15 hours (MRS culture medium) and 18 hours (PRO culture medium); results of the microencapsulation study and analysis: viability 100 %; efficiency 84,64 %; humidity 4,0 %; solubility 99,8 %; wettability 2 min with 22 seconds; water activity 0,617 and particle size between 2,10 µm and 5,28 µm. Conclusion: it was concluded that the microencapsulated Lactobacillus casei showed inhibitory properties against the pathogenic strain.
Recharge‐induced groundwater flow over a plane sloping bed: Solutions for steady and transient flow using physical and numerical models

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The free surface profile and outflow hydrograph for groundwater under conditions of steady uniform recharge followed by recession have been studied in viscous fluid model tests, using a sloping bed with a gradient of 0.2. The data have been compared with the nonlinear Boussinesq model and a modification of that model simulating the outflow seepage surface, obtained from a finite difference solution of the free boundary problem. It is shown that for a given bed slope, there is close to a linear relationship between outflow and storage raised to a power n, where n ranges from almost 2 for zero slopes to just above 1 at a gradient of 0.3. There is also a simple relationship between outflow and storage in the final stage of recession, when a drainage front occurs on the bed. These results lead to simple algorithms for prediction of the outflow under unsteady recharge conditions.
Strain-vorticity induced secondary motion in shallow flows

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Deviations from two-dimensionality of a shallow flow that is dominated by bottom friction are quantified in terms of the spatial distribution of strain and vorticity as described by the Okubo-Weiss function. This result is based on a Poisson equation for the pressure in a quasi-horizontal (primary) flow. It is shown that the Okubo-Weiss function specifies vertical pressure gradients, which for their part drive vertical (secondary) motion. An asymptotic expansion of these gradients based on the smallness of the vertical to horizontal scale ratio demonstrates that the sign and magnitude of secondary circulation inside the fluid layer is dictated by the signs and magnitude of the Okubo-Weiss function. As a consequence of this, secondary motion as well as nonzero horizontal divergence do also depend on the strength, i.e., the Reynolds number of the primary flow. The theory is exemplified by two generic vortical structures (monopolar and dipolar structures). Most importantly, the theory can be applied to more complicated turbulent shallow flows in order to assess the degree of two-dimensionality using measurements of the free-surface flow only.
A primer on information theory, with applications to neuroscience

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Given the constant rise in quantity and quality of data obtained from neural systems on many scales ranging from molecular to systems', information-theoretic analyses became increasingly necessary during the past few decades in the neurosciences. Such analyses can provide deep insights into the functionality of such systems, as well as a rigid mathematical theory and quantitative measures of information processing in both healthy and diseased states of neural systems. This chapter will present a short introduction to the fundamentals of information theory, especially suited for people having a less firm background in mathematics and probability theory. To begin, the fundamentals of probability theory such as the notion of probability, probability distributions, and random variables will be reviewed. Then, the concepts of information and entropy (in the sense of Shannon), mutual information, and transfer entropy (sometimes also referred to as conditional mutual information) will be outlined. As these quantities cannot be computed exactly from measured data in practice, estimation techniques for information-theoretic quantities will be presented. The chapter will conclude with the applications of information theory in the field of neuroscience, including questions of possible medical applications and a short review of software packages that can be used for information-theoretic analyses of neural data.
S1140102 Relationship between the nano mechanical properties and lubricity of fatty acids

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Components of a lubricant are divided into base oil and additives. Base oil dominates basic fluid properties of a lubricant. Additives support to improve the lubrication performance of oils. Oiliness additives have the friction decreasing effect due to the formation of the adsorption layer preventing contact of the sliding surfaces. Previous studies about oiliness additives were performed using a single additive in base oil. However, commercial lubricant contains several additives, which interacts each other. The interaction between the additives is not elucidated. In this research, tribological characteristics of adsorption layers of stearic acid, oleic acid and the mixture of both of them were studied for elucidating the interaction of the additives by using a pendulum type friction tester, AFM (Atomic Force Microscopy) and QCM (Quartz Crystal Micro balance). The friction reduction effect of mixed additives was higher than that of single additives. In case of the mixed additives, the ratio of oleic acid and stearic acid was calculated to be 2:3 by each occupied area in the adsorption layer. The relationship between the adsorption property and friction behavior was discussed based on the experimental results.
<title>Design of the Eurofighter human-machine interface</title>

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Every new generation of fighter aircraft presents new challenges for the various design disciplines that are involved in their development; the current generation of fighters -- Eurofighter, Rafale, and F22 -- are no different in this respect. We look to using new structural materials advanced flight control systems, and even better and more comprehensive sensors to extend the system's overall performance and capability. This paper looks at the area of cockpit design -- the 'how do we keep the pilot in real control of his tasks' part of the total package of the aircraft and weapons system design. I will look at the design requirements for the cockpit, and discuss some potential solutions to the inevitable resulting design problems.
Osteogenesis induced by homologous transplantation of dentine intracerebrally and subcutaneously into rats

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

AbstractHard tissue formation associated with dentine in an environment different from the dental pulp was studied by transplanting fragments of dentine between two successive litters of the same parents. The dentine was taken from the incisors of the three months old donor rats and transplanted intracerabrally or subpannicularly into 162 five days old hosts that were of the same sex as the donors. The hosts were killed after 2 to 540 days and 279 of the 324 inserted transplants recovered for histological study. The transplants were mostly found encapsulated. Cellular signs of inflammation were occasionally seen, even in long-term transplant capsules. Ependymal cell chords were found in close contact with the intracerebrally placed transplants and also at sites were bone-like tissue was present. Bone was present in conjunction with 81 transplants at 16 days or later; the majority of these were recovered from the brain tissue. The extent of bone formation varied considerably, and intact transplants were found even after 540 days. As a transplantation site the brain or the subpannicular tissue seem to differ from the dental pulp since it has been noted that intrapulpal fragments of dentine become surrounded by dentine whereas no such tissue developed in the present experiment.Key Words: Dentineosteogenesistransplantation