jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
What Are Your Tricks for Nailing Proximal and Distal Tibial Fractures?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Proximal and distal third tibia fractures can be challenging. Complications include malalignment, nonunion, and need for revision fixation. Intramedullary nail fixation has become the favored technique for diaphyseal tibia fractures because of superior biomechanics, preservation of extraosseous blood supply, and minimally invasive insertion. Because the metaphyseal flares of the tibia preclude tight endosteal fit of a nail, nail insertion alone does not restore alignment as occurs in the diaphyseal portion of the tibia. There are several "tricks" that allow the surgeon to use a tibial nail in proximal and distal tibia fractures and still achieve stable fixation and acceptable alignment.
Caloptilia callichora Meyrick 1915, n. sp.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Caloptilia callichora (Meyrick, 1915) " Gracilaria callichora, n. sp. "—Meyrick, E. 1915b. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London (2): 237–238. Type locality: British Guiana [Guyana], Bartica. Type specimens: 3 syntypes (♂ and ♀), BMNH. Distribution: Guyana (Meyrick 1915b: 238). Larval hostplant(s): Unknown.
Laos - Nam Theun 2 Multipurpose Project : seventeenth report of the international environmental and social panel of experts

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

This is the seventeenth report of the International Environmental and Social Panel of Experts (POE or the Panel) for the Second Nam Theun (NT2) Multipurpose Project in the Lao People's Democratic Republic. The commercial operations date for the NT2 project occurred on April 30 of this year, and the principal focus of this present POE mission was schedule 35 of the Concession Agreement (CA). However, the panel has felt that the NT2 Project has the potential to break this downward cycle and to result in real gains for the affected people as well as the environment, the latter particularly in terms of conservation of the NPA's biodiversity. The panel remains cautiously optimistic that these objectives can be met, if the actions recommended below are carried out in the near future. The POE and all other parties involved in NT2 have been and remain severely handicapped by the inability of the project agencies to implement, and analyze data from, a satisfactory monitoring system prior to the December 9 inauguration of the NT2 project.
Kinetic Characterization of SARS-CoV‑2 nsp13\nATPase Activity and Discovery of Small-Molecule Inhibitors

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

SARS-CoV-2\nnon-structural protein 13 (nsp13) is a highly conserved\nhelicase and RNA 5′-triphosphatase. It uses the energy derived\nfrom the hydrolysis of nucleoside triphosphates for directional movement\nalong the nucleic acids and promotes the unwinding of double-stranded\nnucleic acids. Nsp13 is essential for replication and propagation\nof all human and non-human coronaviruses. Combined with its defined\nnucleotide binding site and druggability, nsp13 is one of the most\npromising candidates for the development of pan-coronavirus therapeutics.\nHere, we report the development and optimization of bioluminescence\nassays for kinetic characterization of nsp13 ATPase activity in the\npresence and absence of single-stranded DNA. Screening of a library\nof 5000 small molecules in the presence of single-stranded DNA resulted\nin the discovery of six nsp13 small-molecule inhibitors with IC<sub>50</sub> values ranging from 6 ± 0.5 to 50 ± 6 μM.\nIn addition to providing validated methods for high-throughput screening\nof nsp13 in drug discovery campaigns, the reproducible screening hits\nwe present here could potentially be chemistry starting points toward\nthe development of more potent and selective nsp13 inhibitors, enabling\nthe discovery of antiviral therapeutics.
Statistical Methods for Helicopter Preliminary Design and Sizing

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The present paper focuses on the applicability of statistical methods to helicopter design. Firstly the structure and statistical dependencies of a database of 150 existing helicopters are investigated by means of principal component and correlation analysis. The multivariate regression method presented is capable of automated computation of regression functions for a variety of input and output parameters. Additionally a minimum degree of complexity of the regression function is estimated by hypothesis testing. In contrast to most of the approaches used in literature a polynomial regression model was chosen in this paper. The regression result can be improved by using a partial data set, which can be extracted using manually defined criteria or – statistically motivated and unsupervised – by clustering. Subject to the underlying database relative errors of less than 10% for certain design parameters are possible – allowing for a suitable application in helicopter preliminary design.
Role of MRI in the Diagnosis of Hip Joint Pain

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Hip pain is a common diagnostic challenge for the physician.Study aimed to access the usefullness of Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the diagnosis of various hip pathologies.Material and methods: This was a prospective study of 80 patients with the complaints of hip joint pain.All patients underwent the following MRI sequences-Axial T1WI, T2WI, Coronal T1WI, T2WI, STIR & PDFS, Sagittal PDFS and T1WI postcontrast axial, coronal and sagittal sequences.Data was collected and tabulated.Statistical analysis was done with the calculations of frequencies and percentages.Results: Out of 80 patients 68(85%) patients revealed abnormalities in the MRI scan.Avascular necrosis is seen in 28(35%), fractures in 8(10%), osteoarthritis in 8 (10%), Synovial effusion in 6 (7.5%), bone infarcts in 4(5%) bursitis in 4 (5%), synovitis, bone marrow oedema, infective arthritis, metastatic lesions, sacroillitis in two patients each and intramuscular abscess and femoro acetabular impingement are seen in one patient each.Conclusion: MRI is the modality of choice for the diagnosis of hip joint pain as it is safe, non-invasive and depicts accurate anatomical details.MRI is an excellent modality for the diagnosis of many hip conditions which shows nonremarkable subtle findings in radiographs and CT.
The Relevance of Science in Development

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Scientific knowledge and technical expertise promote the wealth of nations. The traditional view is that science allows the expansion of technology, which, in turn, promotes economic development. This chapter shows that: 1) the scientific productivity of a country correlates more strongly with gross national income per capita than its technological sophistication; 2) science is important for economic growth among developed economies, whereas technical complexity is more important for the economic development of poorer countries; 3) scientific productivity of countries correlates more strongly with present and future wealth than indices reflecting its financial, social, economic, or technological sophistication; and 4) middle-income countries with higher relative productivity in basic sciences such as physics and chemistry have the highest economic growth in the following five years compared to countries with a higher relative productivity in applied sciences. No simple direct causal relationship between scientific productivity and economic growth could be detected. The results are best explained by assuming that science favors economic development by providing society with a more rational atmosphere, allowing the implementation of sound policies and institutions, and/or that rational societies with successful economic policies are also the ones giving priority to basic natural sciences.
SAT-075 Introduction of a Single Radiologist Improves the Performance of Adrenal Vein Sampling for Primary Aldosteronism, but Does Not Ameliorate Suboptimal Selection of Patients for Surgery

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Context: Adrenal vein sampling (AVS) should be performed in most patients with primary aldosteronism (PA) who want to pursue surgical cure. Objective: We aimed to compare the success rate of AVS at our center after the introduction of a single dedicated radiologist in 2012 to the period before that. We tried also to find out the percentage of patients with proven unilateral PA who ultimately had surgery. Patients and methods: A retrospective diagnostic cross-sectional study conducted at Slovenian national referral center included all patients with PA who underwent AVS after its introduction in 2004 until the end of 2017. AVS was performed sequentially during continuous Synacthen stimulation. When the selectivity index, calculated as the ratio of concentrations of cortisol from an adrenal vein and the infra-adrenal inferior vena cava, was at least 5, AVS was considered successful. Lateralization index, defined as the ratio of the higher over the lower cortisol-corrected aldosterone ratio, of more than 4 indicated unilateral aldosterone excess. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, exact Mann-Whitney test and Fisher's exact test for group comparison, and Cohen's kappa for assessing agreement. The study was approved by the National Medical Ethics Committee. Results: Data from 214 patients were examined (152 men and 62 women; age 32-73, median 57 years; BMI 18-48, median 30 kg/m(2)). The average number of AVS procedures performed per year increased significantly from 7 in the 2004-2011 period to 30 in the 2012-2017 period (p<0.001). AVS was successful in 85% of the patients; AVS had to be repeated in 11% of the cases; 89% of all AVS procedures were successful. The proportion of patients with successful AVS (91% vs. 66%, p<0.001) and of successful AVS procedures (80% vs. 61%, p=0.007) was significantly higher in the recent period. Adrenal hemorrhage due to vein rupture occurred during two procedures (0.83%), both resolved conservatively. Among the patients with successful AVS, 41% had unilateral disease; among them, only 83% underwent surgery. Main reason for not having surgery was patient’s reluctance (n=8). One patient was diagnosed with liver cirrhosis and was rejected by the surgeon, two patients were lost to follow-up and three patients were still on the waiting list. The proportion of patients with unilateral disease undergoing surgery did not differ significantly between the periods (89% vs. 81%, p=0.718). Conclusions: The introduction of a single, dedicated radiologist in 2012 expanded and improved the AVS performance at our center. A substantial number of patients with proven unilateral PA did not proceed to surgery, pointing to suboptimal selection of candidates for AVS.
Ferric oxides in red beds as paleomagnetic data

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Conclusions about the detrital sedimentary rocks regarding their magnetic properties must rely in part on knowledge of the ferric oxide minerals present. These minerals may be present in the coarse fraction of the rock as black detrital grains or the weathering products thereof, or in the matrix of the rock as inherited products of weathering in the source area and/or as weathering products thereof, or as chemically precipitated iron oxide cement. The genesis of the black grains and the aphanitic red pigment in a given red bed must be completely understood before these particles may be used for paleomagnetic work. Information about the geomagnetic pole position dated by a deposit is given only by the particles oriented at the time of deposition, or those derived by weathering from particles so oriented. The problems of red bed pigmentation are so manifold that current information and opinions cannot provide a unifying explanation. Most of the red pigment is probably inherited hematitic clay, yet some of the ferric oxides apparently have been redistributed in colloidal form after deposition, and some of it may be altered diagenetically. The resultant geomagnetic data are therefore secondary and do not indicate primary pole positions.
Exciton pairing and superconductivity in layered compounds

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A new type of electronic phase transition in low-dimensional (layered) crystals with alternating layers of conduction electrons and holes is predicted; it is related to pairing by spatially separated carriers. We show the existence of “longitudinal superfluidity,” diamagnetic response to a longitudinal magnetic field, and “transverse superfluidity,” the analogs of de and ac quantum interference in a transverse field. These effects occur when both correlation (Coulomb) and tunneling (Josephson) interactions of adjacent layer electrons are included, while tunneling transitions (T12) under the condition T12≪ Δ (Δ is the energy gap) lead only to generation of critical field values E⊥, H‖ . At these values “destabilization” starts of the phase of the order parameter and of related quantum coherence effects (“superfluidity”).
Pharmacokinetic and Safety Evaluation of High-Dose Combinations of Fosamprenavir and Ritonavir

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT High-dose combinations of fosamprenavir (FPV) and ritonavir (RTV) were evaluated in healthy adult subjects in order to select doses for further study in multiple protease inhibitor (PI)-experienced patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1. Two high-dose regimens, FPV 1,400 mg twice a day (BID) plus RTV 100 mg BID and FPV 1,400 mg BID plus RTV 200 mg BID, were planned to be compared to the approved regimen, FPV 700 mg BID plus RTV 100 mg BID, in a randomized three-period crossover study. Forty-two healthy adult subjects were enrolled, and 39 subjects completed period 1. Due to marked hepatic transaminase elevations, predominantly with FPV 1,400 mg BID plus RTV 200 mg BID, the study was terminated prematurely. For FPV 1,400 mg BID plus RTV 100 mg BID, the values for plasma amprenavir (APV) area under the concentration-time profile over the dosing interval (τ) at steady state [AUC (0-τ) ], maximum concentration of drug in plasma ( C max ), and plasma concentration at the end of τ at steady state ( C τ ) were 54, 81, and 26% higher, respectively, and the values for plasma RTV AUC (0-τ) , C max , and C τ were 49% higher, 71% higher, and 11% lower, respectively, than those for FPV 700 mg BID plus RTV 100 mg BID. For FPV 1,400 mg BID plus RTV 200 mg BID, the values for plasma APV AUC (0-τ) , C max , and C τ were 26, 48, and 32% higher, respectively, and the values for plasma RTV AUC (0-τ) , C max , and C τ increased 4.15-fold, 4.17-fold, and 3.99-fold, respectively, compared to those for FPV 700 mg BID plus RTV 100 mg BID. FPV 1,400 mg BID plus RTV 200 mg BID is not recommended due to an increased rate of marked hepatic transaminase elevations and lack of pharmacokinetic advantage. FPV 1,400 mg BID plus RTV 100 mg BID is currently under clinical evaluation in multiple PI-experienced patients.
Dynamic Relationship between Yuan-Dollar Exchange Rate and Malaysian Macroeconomic Variables in Pre- and Post-Exchange Rate Reform Periods in China

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This study investigates the impact of changes in the Yuan-Dollar exchange rate (CNYUSD) on Malaysia’s macroeconomic variables during China’s pre- and post-exchange rate reform periods. Using data from 1988 Q1 to 2017 Q2, our results show: firstly, changes in CNYUSD influence Malaysia’s macroeconomic indicators in the post-exchange rate reform period, and an appreciation in CNYUSD leads to an expansion in real GDP and price level; secondly, positive impact on real GDP and price level lasts for one-year horizon; lastly, the variance decomposition yields consistent results with the impulse response function. As a policy suggestion, the Malaysian government should improve the competitiveness of the export sector in order to reap the benefit of Chinese Yuan appreciation through the aggregate demand channel.
Group Therapy for Pregnant Unwed Adolescents in the Prenatal Clinic of a General Hospital

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Additional informationNotes on contributorsPauline N. KaufmannMrs. Kaufmann was Director of Social Service, Jewish Hospital of Brooklyn; and at present is Administrative Director, Department of Psychiatry, Brookdale Hospital Center.Albert L. DeutschDr. Deutsch is Associate Neuropsychiatrist, Jewish Hospital of Brooklyn; Assistant Clinical Professor (Psychiatry), Downstate Medical Center, State University of New York, Brooklyn, New York.
Anchor plasma buildup by using central cell ICRF antennas in the tandem mirror GAMMA 10

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The paper presents a study of anchor cell plasma buildup in the tandem mirror GAMMA 10 with the use of central cell ICRF antennas. For plasma buildup, it is demonstrated that an ion cyclotron resonance layer exists within the closed mod-B surface in the minimum-B anchor cell. The experimental plasma buildup rate in the anchor cell is compared with a one-dimensional Fokker-Planck simulation. A rapid increase in the anchor plasma density is observed and an associated reduction of the end-loss current when radiofrequency is applied.
THE FOUR‐CELLED SPECIES OF GONIUM

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

S tein , J anet R. (U. California, Berkeley.) The four‐celled species of Gonium. Amer. Jour. Bot. 46(5): 366–371. Illus. 1959.—A review is given of the 4‐celled species of Gonium O. F. Müller 1773 (Volvocales). From a study of clonal isolates, it has been possible to distinguish 2 distinct species, G. sociale (Dujardin) Warming 1876 and G. sacculiferum Scherffel 1904. The former may be divided further, on the basis of vegetative morphology and sexual reproduction, into 2 varieties: var. sociale and var. sacculum var. nov., and a possible third variety, var. majus Hansgirg 1888. A brief discussion of morphology and sexual reproduction (reported for the first time in G. sociale var. sacculum and G. sacculijerum ) is presented as is a key to the species and varieties.
Computationally Efficient Adaption of the Window Size of Discrete Position Differentiators

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Digital motion control requires precise and low-noise velocity information. Since this velocity information must be calculated from position encoders in each control cycle, time efficiency of these algorithms is a very important design goal. Additionally, it is required that these algorithms operate over wide ranges of both velocity and acceleration. Model-based feedback observers fulfill these requirements for many applications but in some cases they, for various reasons, cannot be formulated. Various applications have been presented in which adaptive filters are applied to overcome the compromises of fixed-length filters. However, it remains desirable to improve the performance of these methods especially in regions of very low velocity and to lower the computation time. This paper presents a new algorithm for the adaption of the window size of differentiator algorithms and a novel criterion for the velocity estimation. This criterion is used to take the dependence between the system’s acceleration and the velocity estimation error into account. The properties are studied in simulations and compared to other differentiation techniques. Additionally, results from experiments with a 6-degree-of-freedom servohydraulic Stewart–Gough platform equipped with the new velocity estimation scheme are presented and compared to the performance of concurrent algorithms.
AN ANALYSIS OF INTERACTIVE LEARNING MEDIA IN THE INTERNATIONAL TRANSFER CREDIT PROGRAM

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Indonesian government has the Independent Learning Campus Teaching (MBKM) program aiming to prepare students to produce a strong generation of people for the Indonesian country. It is a new policy from the Minister of Education and Culture that has been implemented by universities. One of the programs is International Credit Transfer. STKIP PGRI Sumatera Barat implemented the program Fatoni University, Thailand. The program is carried out in the Malay language study program with a concentration of Indonesian Language consisting 7 courses and 22 credits. The learning process carried out during the Covid-19 pandemic is in 2 (two) ways, namely online and face-to-face. This research uses qualitative research methods focused on phenomenological understanding. The online learning process from STKIP PGRI Sumatera Barat with Fatoni University is carried out using the Google Meet application. Before the lecture started, the lecturer from Fatoni University Thailand sent a Google Meet meeting link to the email of each student at STKIP PGRI Sumatera Barat. Even though it's a long distance, the teaching and learning process can run smoothly.
An online health status report to support public health in Belgium

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Issue Monitoring population health is crucial for policymakers. In Belgium, health monitoring only existed at regional level, with no integrated view at country level. Policy/tool The Health Status Report (HSR) project developed a tool for centralizing key health indicators. The HSR aims to support policymakers in multiple ways: as a ’warning signal’, by contributing to the planning of health policies, and as an assessment tool for those policies. Rather than being exhaustive, the HSR selects key indicators to highlight important needs. These indicators have been identified through literature and consultations with experts and stakeholders. Topics include life and health expectancies, mortality, morbidity, and lifestyles, with an important focus on socioeconomic inequalities. Good results and health gaps are underlined with international comparisons, trend analyses, and comparisons with reference values. By disaggregating the data by sex, age, geographic level or socio-economic level, specific health needs are identified. Results The main outcome of the project is a continuously updated website: www.healthybelgium.be. The report highlighted that, although the Belgian health status is rather good, there is room for improvement: for some indicators Belgium lags behind other European countries; regional disparities remain important, with most indicators revealing a better health status in Flanders than in Brussels and Wallonia. Socioeconomic disparities also remain very important, and for some indicators even tend to worsen. Comparing the Belgian health status to that of the EU-15 results in more severe conclusions than in international reports. Conclusions We developed a new tool to support public health policy in Belgium through benchmarking and trend and disparity analyses of several health indicators. The tool will be expanded in the next years, integrating for instance the results of the Belgian national burden of disease study. Key messages We developed an online health status monitoring tool to inform policymakers. The rather good health status hides important regional and socioeconomic disparities in Belgium.
Preliminary work on the determination of mechanical power during running based on kinetic data

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

"Preliminary work on the determination of mechanical power during running based on kinetic data." Footwear Science, 15(sup1), pp. S176–S177Keywords: Ground reaction forcesbipedal locomotioninstrumented treadmillprediction modelANOVA decompositionwearable technologygait analysis AcknowledgementFunded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemein-schaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) – Project-ID 416228727 – SFB 1410.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).