jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Personhood Credentials: Human-Centered Design Recommendation Balancing Security, Usability, and Trust

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Building on related concepts, like, decentralized identifiers (DIDs), proof of personhood, anonymous credentials, personhood credentials (PHCs) emerged as an alternative approach, enabling individuals to verify to digital service providers that they are a person without disclosing additional information. However, new technologies might introduce some friction due to users misunderstandings and mismatched expectations. Despite their growing importance, limited research has been done on users perceptions and preferences regarding PHCs. To address this gap, we conducted competitive analysis, and semi-structured online user interviews with 23 participants from US and EU to provide concrete design recommendations for PHCs that incorporate user needs, adoption rules, and preferences. Our study -- (a)surfaces how people reason about unknown privacy and security guarantees of PHCs compared to current verification methods -- (b) presents the impact of several factors on how people would like to onboard and manage PHCs, including, trusted issuers (e.g. gov), ground truth data to issue PHC (e.g biometrics, physical id), and issuance system (e.g. centralized vs decentralized). In a think-aloud conceptual design session, participants recommended -- conceptualized design, such as periodic biometrics verification, time-bound credentials, visually interactive human-check, and supervision of government for issuance system. We propose actionable designs reflecting users preferences.
EFFECT OF PARTICLE GRADING SIZE AND SHAPE ON DENSITY, DILATANCY AND SHEAR STRENGTH OF SANDS

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The science of the particle level interaction of sandy soil on the macroscale behaviour is governed by the particle shape and size. Sands are cohesionless and the characteristics of its shear strength (Ã˜peak and Ã˜cr) are entirely dependent on the density, normal stress and the interparticle reaction of the soil structure. The shearing deformation of sand has also led to a phenomenon called dilatancy (Ïˆ). In this study, well graded sand (SW), poorly graded uniform sand (SPuKahang), gap graded sand (SPg) from Kahang Malaysia and also (SPuL.Buzzard) uniform Leighton Buzzard sand from United Kingdom were tested in a direct shear box apparatus. The shapes of the sand particles were quantified using the images obtained from a digital microscope. Results from published studies were also analyzed. It was found that the Ã˜peak, Ã˜cr and Ïˆ was the highest for (SW) when compared to the others with similar relative densities (Dr). High normal stresses gave very little variations in dilation angle (Ïˆ) between the samples tested as compared to the lower normal stress. The correlation between (Ã˜peak - Ã˜cr) and Ïˆ is also a useful measure of the enhancement of strength due to dilatancy. This research also contributes to predicting potential dilatancy occurrence based on the sand morphology. (Keywords: Sand, direct shear box test, friction angle, angle of dilatancy, size and shape)
Metaphor and metonymy in allusion - Treating precedent in Jiaoran’s Statutes of Poetry

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The allusion is divided into trope[比] and treating precedent[用事] in Jiaoran’s Statutes of Poetry[詩式]. In this study we found that the allusion would be a trope when there is a corresponding relationship between the allusion and the poetic self, and it would be a treating precedent when there is only an allusion enumerated in a poetry. The allusion as a trope is classified into metaphor and metonymy. The conceptual metaphor “One’s behavior is a behavior of the great names in the past.” and the conceptual metonymy “A person replaces the group he belongs to.”, “The music player replaces his instrument.” are used as tropes in the poetry. Findings in this study are expected to be the key standard for understanding the classification of poetry in Statutes of Poetry.
SUGGESTIONS FOR CLINICAL CARE (Suggestions are based on Level III and IV sources)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Serum cystatin C appears to be superior to serum creatinine for detecting reduced kidney function, particularly in the early stages. (Level III evidence, multiple small-to-large cohort studies in community and institutional settings, surrogate outcomes, inconsistent effects) The advantage of serum cystatin C compared with serum creatinine for the detection of kidney failure is no longer apparent when measurements are adjusted or stratified for age, gender and weight. (Level III evidence, large community cohort study, surrogate outcomes, strong effect) There is no convincing evidence that serum cystatin C measurement offers any clinical advantage over estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (Level III evidence, small-to-medium observational cohort studies, surrogate outcomes, weak effect) except that serum cystatin C appears to be superior to both serum creatinine and eGFR as a predictor of cardiovascular events in the eldely (age ‡ 65 years). (Level III evidence, large population cohort study, clinically important outcomes, strong effect) Serum cystatin C is not as sensitive as serum creatinine at detecting changes in the same individual. (Level III evidence, small cohort studies in healthy volunteers, surrogate outcomes, moderate effect) Serum cystatin concentrations are significantly influenced by a number of factors other than GFR, including age, gender, body size, current cigarette smoking, serum C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, corticosteroid treatment, cyclosporine A, thyroid dysfunction, physical activity, certain malignancies and pregnancy. (Level III evidence, multiple small-to-medium–sized cohort studies, surrogate outcomes, moderate-to-strong effects) Routine clinical use of serum cystatin C measurement cannot presently be recommended until there are further studies investigating the test’s cost-effectiveness, turn-around time in a
Residual Stress Distribution Depending on Welding Sequence in Multi-Pass Welded Joints With X-Shaped Groove

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Residual stress in a large-diameter multi-pass butt-welded pipe joint was calculated for various welding pass sequences by thermal elastic-plastic analysis using the finite element method. The pipe joint used had an X-shaped groove, and the sequences of welding passes were changed. The distribution of residual stress depends on the welding pass sequences. The mechanism that produces residual stress in the welded pipe joint was studied in detail by using a simple prediction model. An optimum welding sequence for preventing stress-corrosion cracking was determined from the residual stress distribution. [S0094-9930(00)00701-0]
STRUCTURE DETERMINATION OF THE 1 × 1GaN(0001) SURFACE BY QUANTITATIVE LOW ENERGY ELECTRON DIFFRACTION

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A quantitative structural determination of the Ga-polar 1×1 (0001) surface of GaN is performed by quantitative low energy electron diffraction (LEED). The global best-fit structure is obtained by a new frozen LEED approach connected to a simulated annealing algorithm. The global minimization frozen (GMF) LEED search finds that the ordered structure consists of 1 ML of Ga adatoms at atop sites above Ga-terminated bilayers. The Ga adatoms are bonded with a Ga–Ga bond length of 2.51 Å. The spacings within surface bilayers show a weak oscillatory trend, with the outmost bilayer thickness expanding to 0.72 Å and the next bilayer thickness contracting to 0.64 Å, compared to the bulk thickness of 0.65 Å. The interlayer spacing between the first and second bilayers is 1.89 Å, while the next interlayer spacing is 1.94 Å, compared to the bulk value of 1.95 Å. These results are compared with data from other theoretical and experimental studies.
To Change Perceptions of Technology Programs

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The classic definition of quality is “the ability of a product or service to consistently meet or exceed a customer’s expectations. ” An important element of the definition, customer’s expectations, requires further defining since cus-tomers value certain aspects of a product or service and they therefore associate those aspects with its quality. Product or service quality has many facets. Quality might include the following elements: • Performance or the main characteristic of the product or service. • Aesthetics, which include the “look and feel ” of the product or service. • Special features of the product or service. • Conformance or how well the product or service aligns with the customer’s expectations. • Safety, which includes the element of risk of injury or harm. • Reliability or the ability to consistently deliver the intended results. • Durability or the useful life of the prod-uct or service. • Reputation of the product or service. Different customers will have differ-ent expectations of a product or service based on the relative value they place on these components at a given moment in time. To make a determination of the quality of an educational program, one must identify the customers and their expectations of the program as they relate to the facets they deem most important. This is particularly true when a program, such as technology education, purports a significant change in it focus, content, and importance. In essence, the perceived quality of the new program will be influ-enced by the reputation of the program it has replaced, its academic home, and the faculty associated with the program.
Study on the Tea Pest Classification Model Using a Convolutional and Embedded Iterative Region of Interest Encoding Transformer

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Tea diseases are one of the main causes of tea yield reduction, and the use of computer vision for classification and diagnosis is an effective means of tea disease management. However, the random location of lesions, high symptom similarity, and complex background make the recognition and classification of tea images difficult. Therefore, this paper proposes a tea disease IterationVIT diagnosis model that integrates a convolution and iterative transformer. The convolution consists of a superimposed bottleneck layer for extracting the local features of tea leaves. The iterative algorithm incorporates the attention mechanism and bilinear interpolation operation to obtain disease location information by continuously updating the region of interest in location information. The transformer module uses a multi-head attention mechanism for global feature extraction. A total of 3544 images of red leaf spot, algal leaf spot, bird’s eye disease, gray wilt, white spot, anthracnose, brown wilt, and healthy tea leaves collected under natural light were used as samples and input into the IterationVIT model for training. The results show that when the patch size is 16, the model performed better with an IterationVIT classification accuracy of 98% and F1 measure of 96.5%, which is superior to mainstream methods such as VIT, Efficient, Shuffle, Mobile, Vgg, etc. In order to verify the robustness of the model, the original images of the test set were blurred, noise- was added and highlighted, and then the images were input into the IterationVIT model. The classification accuracy still reached over 80%. When 60% of the training set was randomly selected, the classification accuracy of the IterationVIT model test set was 8% higher than that of mainstream models, with the ability to analyze fewer samples. Model generalizability was performed using three sets of plant leaf public datasets, and the experimental results were all able to achieve comparable levels of generalizability to the data in this paper. Finally, this paper visualized and interpreted the model using the CAM method to obtain the pixel-level thermal map of tea diseases, and the results show that the established IterationVIT model can accurately capture the location of diseases, which further verifies the effectiveness of the model.
Human Health Impacts of Climate Change in Portugal: Study Approach and Key Findings

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

P-492 Abstract: Impacts of climate variability and change are already visible in the Mediterranean region and expected to become more pronounced. Changes in frequency and intensity of extreme weather and climate events may pose a serious threat to human health. Potential impacts of climate change in Portugal on heat-related mortality, air-pollution related health effects, and selected vector-borne diseases were investigated. Assessment results using climate scenarios from two regional climate models are consistent in the potential direction of change for each health outcome. Results from an empirical-statistical predictive model, based on the relationship between daily mortality and maximum temperature, indicate that annual heat-related death rates in Lisbon may increase from between 5.4 and 6 (per 100 000) in 1980–98 to between 8.5 and 12.1 by the 2020s and to a maximum of 29.5 by the 2050s, if no adaptation measures are occur. The projected warmer and more variable weather may result in better dispersion of nitrogen dioxide levels in winter, whereas the higher temperatures may reduce air quality during the warmer months by increasing tropospheric ozone levels. In addition, higher temperatures may also increase the transmission risk levels of zoonoses that are currently endemic to Portugal like leishmaniasis, Lyme diseases, and Mediterranean spotted fever. Using ecological scenarios, that take into account climate change as well as vector and parasite presences, we concluded that diseases like malaria and schistosomiasis, which are currently not endemic in Portugal, are more sensitive to the introduction of infected vectors than to temperature changes.
Seroprevalence of IgG antibodies against pertussis toxin in the Chinese population: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Pertussis is a vaccine-preventable infectious disease; however, data on pertussis antibody levels in a nationwide population are still limited in China. We aimed to pool the seropositivity rates of IgG antibodies against pertussis toxin (PT-IgG) across the country. We systematically searched PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure Database for studies published between January 1, 2010, and June 30, 2023. Studies reporting the seroprevalence of PT-IgG among a healthy Chinese population were included. Pooled estimates were obtained using random-effects meta-analyzes. The meta-analysis included 39 studies (47,778 participants) reporting anti-PT IgG seropositivity rates. The pooled rate for all ages was 7.06% (95% CI, 5.50%-9.07%). Subgroup analyzes showed rates ranging from 6.36% to 12.50% across different age groups. This meta-analysis indicated a low anti-PT IgG seropositivity rate in the Chinese population, particularly among school-aged children and young adults. This finding underscores the urgent need to refine immunization strategies.
Research Progress of Sintered Wall Material Products Synchronous Cutting Machine

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

By means of raw performance analysis of silt sintered porous brick, the importance of synchronous cutting machine in the molding process was revealed. On basis of the analysis of the present situation of research and application of synchronous cutting machine at home and abroad, according to the forming characteristics of silt sintered porous brick, technical parameters of synchronous cutting machine was explained and the development trend of the synchronous cutting machine was expected.
[Case report on testicular tumors in non-twin siblings].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A case report of testicular tumors in non-twin siblings is presented. A 42-year-old male was admitted to Kansai Electric Power Hospital with the complaint of swelling of the left scrotal contents. Left radical orchiectomy was performed with the diagnosis of a left testicular tumor. Histological examination revealed a seminoma of the left testis. Fifteen years later, his 43-year-old younger brother was admitted to Osaka University Hospital with the complaint of painless swelling of the left scrotal contents. Left radical orchiectomy was carried out with the diagnosis of a left testicular tumor. Histological examination showed a seminoma of the left testis. The former patient had a history of a scrotal trauma, but there was no history of orchitis or cryptorchism in these two siblings. To our knowledge, there have been reported 44 sets of testicular tumors in siblings. Eleven of these sets appeared in twins, while the other 33 sets were described in non-twin siblings. We discussed the 45 cases including our case of testicular tumors in siblings.
Usage of drug-coated balloon in acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction?!

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Cardiologia CROATICANovel balloons coated with paclitaxel (drug-coated balloon, DCB) were recently introduced in Croatia.Their usual indication is the treatment of in-stent restenosis and small vessels disease with significant stenosis.We describe a case of usage of DCB in acute STEMI after thrombus aspiration.A 46-year old male, with a history of alcohol abuse, presented with acute anteroseptal STEMI.An emergency coronarography was performed and culprit lesion was found in mid LAD.After thrombus aspiration a DCB PTCA LAD was performed with optimal angio appearance.His clinical course was uneventful.The paclitaxel DCB is an emerging device in percutaneous coronary intervention.Recently, this technology has rapidly evolved with newer studies which assess the value of DCB in coronary applications other than in-stent restenosis.In our oppinion, DCB can be safely used in selected cases where stent implantation could be associated with increased risk of complications (i.e.increased risk of GI bleeding).
Progressive collapse behavior of reinforced concrete frame exposed to high temperature

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Purpose Technological innovations in the construction field correspond to a wider revolution in metropolitan life and in structural design. With the demand for advanced concrete technology, the introduction of new reinforced materials in concrete, namely, iron, steel and other reinforcing elements. Reinforcement in concrete is developed in the centuries back and several advancements are being stirred to improvise the properties of the concrete through reinforcements. On the basis of this finding from the earlier research studies, a reinforcement methodology is practiced on the current study to investigate the deflection of the M30 mix concrete frame under thermal load conditions. Design/methodology/approach For the examination, corner and the middle frame are considered with the reinforcement provided on four zones with 16-mm diameter for compression and 8-mm diameter is used for the stirrup at 150 mm c/c spacing. The load is applied to the column with live and wall load of 3.5 kN/m and 14.7KN/m. The experimentation is carried out by the finite element analysis strategy in ABAQUS simulation software with five test conditions with the bare frame at single, two and three-bay infill. The model of the frame is developed and meshed with the meshing type of C3D8T under 8-node thermally coupled brick mesh type for the mesh size of 25 mm. Findings From the simulation outcome, the effect of thermal gradient on the reinforced concrete is analyzed and its structural properties are plotted as performance graphs in the result section. Originality/value Under the thermal load condition, the model is simulated for 180 min for five different cases and analyzed the deflection parameters such as deformation, stress and failure rate.
Statistics on disability pensioners is important for assessing injury burden

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Introduction We have little information about long term effects of injuries resulting in disability. In addition to human suffering and reduced quality of life, these consequences of injuries inflict a heavy burden on the national economy. All persons in Norway aged 16 - 66 years are entitled to disability pension benefits from the National Insurance Administration (NIA) if their working capacity is permanently reduced by at least 50 % due to disease, injury or defect. The burden of injuries in terms of “New disability pensioners” (NDP) related to traffic injuries was assessed in a study for the years 1992-97 and in a follow up study for 2005-12. Methods Each year, a number of persons will be registered as NDP in the Disability register of NIA. Between 1992 and 2012 accident types were classified by an additional code, one of them denoting traffic injury. To calculate rates, the number of NDP are related to the number of persons in Norway on the 1st of January minus the number of persons holding a disability pension at that time (risk population) and are shown as NDP pr 100 000 of the risk population. Results The rates for NDP due to traffic injuries increased from 16.8 in 1992 to 23.0 in 1997, an average annual increase of 7.4 %. These rates were compared with the mortality rates in the age group 15-64 years due to traffic injuries from 1988-1993. The average time lag between an injury and getting a disability pension is 4 years. These rates were 9.3 in 1988 and 6.4 in 1993, an average annual decrease of 6.2 %. The follow up study for 2005-2017 confirmed more or less this increasing trend in NDP due to traffic injuries. Conclusions The rate of NDP due to traffic injuries is increasing while mortality rates for same age group is decreasing. This might reflect that our emergency medicine now saves more and more lives, however many of them ending up as disabled. We need to get valid statistics on disability enabling us to describe the burden of traffic injuries.
A Correlate of Human Delayed Hypersensitivity: Specific Inhibition of Capillary Tube Migration of Sensitized Human Lymph Node Cells by Tuberculin and Histoplasmin

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Summary The migration of human monocytic-phagocytic sensitive cells from lymph node tissue culture suspensions was consistently and specifically inhibited by 10 µg/ml of PPD or 30 µg/ml of histoplasmin. Complete correlation of the inhibition of cell migration with the delayed hypersensitivity skin test was obtained in 27 patients sensitive to PPD, histoplasmin, or to neither or both of these antigens. For migration of these cells to occur, prior maintenance as tissue culture suspensions for 72 hr was necessary before placement in the capillary tubes for 36 hr. During tissue culture, a large proportion of the lymphocytes developed the ability to phagocytize microsized iron particles and this transformation is probably relevant to the development of the migrating cell population. The application of the capillary tube cell migration method to man will facilitate the elucidation of factors important in human delayed hypersensitivity reactions and has implications for evaluating the role of delayed hypersensitivity in autoimmunity, contact sensitivity, infectious diseases and transplantation immunity.