jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Constructed identities and Iberia

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract The category of Iberian identity includes national identities within Spain, Portugal and Latin America. The case of Spain and Spanish national identity has been particularly neglected in academic literature, although this situation has been changing since the mid-1990s, in comparison with analyses of alternative national identities within the Spanish state. This is related the discrediting of Spanish nationalism during the Francoist dictatorship later democratic devolution which encouraged an analogous diversification in the study of national identities within Spain. Since the asymmetric of Spain, Spanish interpretations of nationhood have reflected the premise of the 1978 Constitution that the nation's unity is complemented and strengthened by its national and regional diversity. Variety within broad category of Iberian identities is augmented by the incidence of labour migration into Spain and Portugal and development of popular culture, this case music, in Latin America and specifically Colombia. Keywords: SpainNationNationalismBasque CountryValenciaPortugalLatin AmericaColombia
Diagrammatic reasoning

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Many types of everyday and specialized reasoning depend on diagrams: we use maps to find our way, we draw graphs and sketches to communicate concepts and prove geometrical theorems, and we manipulate diagrams to explore new creative solutions to problems. The active involvement and manipulation of representational artifacts for purposes of thinking and communicating is discussed in relation to C.S. Peirce’s notion of diagrammatical reasoning . We propose to extend Peirce’s original ideas and sketch a conceptual framework that delineates different kinds of diagram manipulation: Sometimes diagrams are manipulated in order to profile known information in an optimal fashion. At other times diagrams are explored in order to gain new insights, solve problems or discover hidden meaning potentials. The latter cases often entail manipulations that either generate additional information or extract information by means of abstraction. Ideas are substantiated by reference to ethnographic, experimental and historical examples.
Palmitate Affects Insulin Receptor Phosphorylation and Intracellular Insulin Signal in a Pancreatic α-Cell Line

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

This study investigated in a pancreatic α-cell line the effects of chronic exposure to palmitate on the insulin and IGF-I receptor (IGF-IR) and intracellular insulin pathways. α-TC1–6 cells were cultured in the presence or absence of palmitate (0.5 mmol/liter) up to 48 h. Glucagon secretion, insulin and IGF-IR autophosphorylation, and insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1, IRS-2, phosphatidylinositol kinase (PI3K) (p85 α), and serine-threonine protein kinase (Akt) phosphorylated (active) forms were measured. Erk 44/42 and p38 phosphorylation (P) (MAPK pathway markers) were also measured. Because MAPK can regulate Pax6, a transcription factor that controls glucagon expression, paired box gene 6 (Pax6) and glucagon gene and protein expression were also measured. Basal glucagon secretion was increased and the inhibitory effect of acute insulin exposure reduced in α-TC1 cells cultured with palmitate. Insulin-stimulated insulin receptor phosphorylation was greatly reduced by exposure to palmitate. Similar results were observed with IRS-1-P, PI3K (p85 α), and Akt-P. In contrast, with IGF-IR and IRS-2-P, the basal levels (i.e. in the absence of insulin stimulation) were higher in cells cultured with palmitate. Similar data were obtained with Erk 44/42-P and p-38-P. Pax6 and glucagon gene and protein expression were higher in cells cultured with palmitate. In these cells cultured, specifics MAPKs inhibitors were able to reduce both Pax6 and glucagon gene and protein expression. These results indicate that α-cells exposed to palmitate show insulin resistance of the IRS-1/PI3K/Akt pathway that likely controls glucagon secretion. In contrast, the IRS-2/MAPKs pathway is stimulated, through an activation of the IGF-IR, leading to increased Pax6 and glucagon expression. Our data support the hypothesis that the chronic elevation of fatty acids contribute to α-cell dysregulation frequently observed in type 2 diabetes.
A Case Study of the Long-Lasting Effects of Cognitive Training on Similar Tasks in Alzheimer’s Disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: Cognitive training allows patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) to reinforce their cognitive abilities. Here, we investigated the generalizability of trained skills to novel tasks, and their stability over time. Method: One patient underwent a structured cognitive training using the GEO (Geographical Exercise for cognitive Optimization) task, whereas 10 patients underwent a control intervention. Participants’ performances on the GEO task, on a similar untrained task, and on a different untrained task were recorded before and after the intervention, and at the 24-month follow-up. Results: On both the trained and the similar untrained tasks, patient’s and controls’ performance significantly differed from one another, with trained patient showing a significant acquirement of procedural skills that were maintained over time. Conclusion: Our preliminary evidence showed that a cognitive training could allow patients to acquire and maintain new skills not only on performing a trained task but surprisingly also on a similar untrained task.
Improving Maintenance of Offshore Wind Farms through Modularization: A Supply Chain Innovation Perspective

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Idea in Brief The focus of this paper is on how the offshore wind industry can reduce complexity in its operations and maintenance through modularization. We discuss this by addressing: •Maintenance of offshore wind turbines that calls for rescheduling and re-planning •The need for modularization of maintenance tasks; and •The need for bundling of resources into different resource packages.
An interleaved high step‐down coupled inductor based quadratic DC‐DC converter

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract A high step‐down direct current‐direct current (DC‐DC) buck converter with a coupled‐inductor in its topology is presented in this study. The switching pattern of the proposed converter is interleaved; therefore, the voltage stress on the semiconductors and the components is low since the primary high voltage will be divided between the blocking capacitors on the primary side. Thus, the voltage stress on semiconductor elements will be low. As a result, the preselected elements can be chosen with low voltage ratings. In addition, there are cells with coupled inductors utilized in the structure that helps the converter to provide improved voltage gain in its output terminal. Typically, narrow duty cycles are needed to achieve high gain in conventional buck converters, but the proposed converter has obtained a high conversion ratio even with wider duty ratios. Besides, the proposed converter has a constant equation for the voltage gain for the whole range of duty cycles. Theoretical analysis and comparison with other recent converters of similar types have been conducted to demonstrate the proposed converter performance. Furthermore, to verify the theoretical analysis, a 600 W prototype of the proposed converter with 820 V/30 V is implemented, and experimental results are presented.
DETECTION OF VIRULENCE ASSOCIATED GENES IN LISTERIA MONOCYTOGENES ISOLATED FROM DISEASED FARM ANIMALS

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

A total of 631 different samples (milk, faeces, brain andCerebrospinal fluid) were collected from 268 diseased farm animals and emergency slaughtered animals (80 sheep, 60goat, 75 cattle and 53 buffaloes) from Dakahlia Governoratein 2014 and 2015. The samples were tested for presence of L. monocytogenes by isolation and biochemical identification. The results revealed that L. monocytogenes was presented in diseased and emergency slaughtered sheep, goat, cattle and buffaloes in ratio of (36.5%), (28.67%), (24.48%), (17.4%) respectively. Using multiplex PCR technique, detected the presence of virulence-associated genes (inlA, inlC, inlJ, inlB, plcB, hylA, jap and plcA).
An Introduction to Entrepreneurial Opportunities in Horticultural Processing Sector

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Indian agriculture is in a phase of transition from subsistence to high-tech agribusiness. In this development scenario, agriculture, specifically high value horticultural crops like fruits, vegetables, spices, flowers, plantation crops, medicinal and aromatic plants among others that ensure maximum returns to the growers with multiple scopes for value addition hold great promise. In line with this, a major shift in consumption pattern to fresh and processed fruits and vegetables is also evident that holds great promise for huge influx of investment in the horticulture sector with diversification and value addition holding the premium. As food grain production saturated markets, a trend towards diversification set in that lead to the emergence of Horticulture as a core sector with a crop coverage of 21 million ha and an annual production of 240.5 million tones. Agri business incubators are powerful economic development tool to promote entrepreneurship development in food processing sector.
Experiences of Managers of Aggression in the Workplace

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The study explored and described the experiences of workplace aggression by managers in a northern South African district. Participants were seven managers from two medium sized companies. One of the companies was from the dairy industry and the other from the auditors' industry. These participants held managerial positions over other workers for at least one year, were from the same district and could converse fluently in Afrikaans and English. Data were gathered using in-depth phenomenological interviews and analysed by means of open coding. Findings suggest that work place aggression could be confused with ambition, the quality of discipline and conflict, and power play. Managers also observed that while an aggressive management style was effective to get the job done, it could also hamper constructive communication and the quality of work life.
[Integrin activation, focal adhesion maturation and tumor metastasis].

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Integrins are a large family of heterodimeric cell adhesion molecules composed of α and β subunits. Through interaction with their specific ligands, integrins mediate cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interactions. Via outside-in signaling, integrins can recruit cytoplasmic proteins to their intracellular domains and then cluster into supramolecular structures and trigger downstream signaling. Integrin activation is associated with a global conformation rearrangement from bent to extended in ectodomains and the separation of α and β subunit cytoplasmic domains. During cell migration, integrins regulate the focal adhesion dynamics and transmit forces between the extracellular matrix and the cell cytoskeleton. In tumor microenvironment, integrins on multiple kinds of cells could be activated, which modulates cell migration into tumor and contributes to angiogenesis and tumor metastasis. Here, we review the mechanism of integrin activation, dynamics of focal adhesions during cell migration and tumor metastasis.
Role of Ape1 in Impaired DNA Repair Capacity in Battery Recycling Plant Workers Exposed to Lead

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Exposure to lead in environmental and occupational settings continues to be a serious public health problem. At environmentally relevant doses, two mechanisms may underlie lead exposition-induced genotoxicity, disruption of the redox balance and an interference with DNA repair systems. The aim of the study was to evaluate the ability of lead exposition to induce impaired function of Ape1 and its impact on DNA repair capacity of workers chronically exposed to lead in a battery recycling plant. Our study included 53 participants, 37 lead exposed workers and 16 non-lead exposed workers. Lead intoxication was characterized by high blood lead concentration, high lipid peroxidation and low activity of delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (δ-ALAD). Relevantly, we found a loss of DNA repair capacity related with down-regulation of a set of specific DNA repair genes, showing specifically, for the first time, the role of Ape1 down regulation at transcriptional and protein levels in workers exposed to lead. Additionally, using a functional assay we found an impaired function of Ape1 that correlates with high blood lead concentration and lipid peroxidation. Taken together, these data suggest that occupational exposure to lead could decrease DNA repair capacity, inhibiting the function of Ape1, as well other repair genes through the regulation of the ZF-transcription factor, promoting the genomic instability.
Surgical Treatment of Thyroid Related Lid Retraction: A New Variation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT We describe a cutaneous approach for retraction of the upper eyelid which incorporates a levator aponeurotic/Mueller's muscle recession with maintenance of the normal orbital septum levator aponeurosis anatomy. With success defined as asymmetry between the two eyelids of 1 mm or less, with a marginal reflex distance as dose to 4 mm as possible, this technique was successful in 87% of 15 consecutive patients. All patients reported improved comfort. This approach is quick and easy, bleeding is minimal, height and contour are predictable, the upper eyelid crease is preserved, and spacers are avoided, with less postoperative eyelid thickening and reaction.
The Population of Tbilisi through the Eyes of Foreign Travelers (First Half of the XIX Century)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The writings of foreigners traveling to Georgia in the first half of the 19th century for various purposes contain interesting information about the geography, history, cities, population, trade, agriculture, and other issues of this country. In this article, we present their information about the ethno-religious and social composition of the population of Tbilisi. Based on the information presented, it can be said that in the first half of the 19th century, Tbilisi played an important multicultural role, because social representatives of different ethnicities and religions lived there next to each other.
INTERACTIONS OF NUTRITION, INFECTION AND IMMUNE RESPONSE Immunocompetence in Nutritional Deficiency, Methodological Considerations and Intervention Strategies

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract. Clinical and epidemiologic data point to a causal interrelationship between nutritional deficiency and infectious illness. Both are major contributors to childhood morbidity and mortality, particularly in underprivileged population groups. Energy‐protein undernutrition and deficiencies of iron, folates and pyridoxine, depress a variety of immunity functions. Delayed hypersensitivity and number of T lymphocytes are consistently reduced. In small‐for‐gestation low birth weight infants, cell‐mediated immunity may remain depressed for several years. B lymphocytes, immunoglobulin levels and antibody responses are generally normal, but secretory IgA‐antibody is reduced. Serum complement components are low and there is evidence of in vivo consumption of complement C 3. Neutrophil phagocytosis of bacteria and fungi is intact but the next step of intracellular killing is impaired. There are changes also in the production of lysozyme and interferon. Infection per se results in nutrient losses, either actual or by sequestration, and produces immunosuppression. The correction of postnatal nutritional deficits and/or infection is associated with reversal of immunological functions to normal. The interplay of nutrition, immunity and infection, and its biological implications are described.
Low Cost Scanning Device Application for Footwear Industry

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Notwithstanding laser scanning technology is a mature technology used in widening application fields, a variety of barriers hinds its integration in robotized production lines. To face well know problems, as high-costs and not customizable solutions among others, the authors have developed a new family of laser scanning devices based on off the shelves and low cost hardware components and on a modular design that allow the customization of the device according to the specific application requirements. High accuracy is guaranteed through a computationally efficient non-parametric calibration procedure. Keeping limited the overall cost of the solution provided while increasing in general the sensing capabilities of an Industrial Robot (IR) and in particular the autonomous recognition of position, orientation and furthermore shape and geometrical features of objects within the robotic workspace, can boost the penetration of IRs in typical traditional industrial sectors where SMEs productive scenario is mainly characterized by manual fabrication processes, high product variability, small batches and little capital investments. High added value footwear industry is a paradigmatic example where hard automation is limited from one side by high variability of products and huge request of autonomous adaptation to cope with different loosely structured fabrication processes and from the other side by a low propensity towards high capital investment that make difficult the penetration of industrial robots. Within the framework of the European Project ROBOFOOT (EU-FP7-SMP), authors have conceived and developed a new family of low cost modular and reconfigurable laser scanners and successfully applied in the footwear fabrication scenario. Various operations should be improved by actual measure of the shoe being manufactured, and among the others, the identification of the relative positioning between the last (the plastic element on top of which is built the shoe) and the gripping device is extremely critical because it is still performed manually. Positioning errors in this phase are critical since all robot part-programs depend on the correct alignment of the last with the robot end-effector. To face this problem, a procedure, based on the Iterative Closest Points (ICP) optimization method, has been developed and integrated on board of the laser scanning device that directly communicates with the robot controller to adapt and autonomously correct the part-program to align the tool nominal path with the actual shoe being manufactured. Efficacy of the proposed methods has been proved by measuring the interaction forces between the tool and the last handled by a robot during different technological operations (roughing, polishing etc) typical of the shoe fabrication cycle.
Liquidity Measures and Cost of Trading in an Illiquid Market

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

We provide the first in-depth study of trading on the Ukrainian stock exchange, using trade-by-trade data. Although Ukraine has some large listed companies, the market is quite illiquid. We study the efficiency of five liquidity measures in the market. The proportion of no-trading days is the most reliable of the five, while turnover, which is widely used in the literature, is a poor measure. On trading cost, trades in all size categories are executed within the quoted spread, as in other dealership markets, with medium-sized trades being the cheapest. The cost of sales is higher than the cost of purchases under all market conditions. JEL Classification: G15, C51
On Differential Detection of M-ary DPSK with Intersymbol Interference and Noise Correlation

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper we study differential detection of M -ary differential phase-shift-keyed (DPSK) signals with intersymbol interference and noise correlation. With these impairments there can be a wide variation in the error rate of the individual symbols, with this variation increasing with M . However, by adding a phase shift offset and adjusting the decision boundaries in the detector, this variation can be reduced and the average symbol error rate can be decreased. For example, for quaternary DPSK with a signal to adjacent (from the previous and next symbols) intersymbol interference power ratio of 17 dB, these methods can reduce the variation in symbol error rates by more than two orders of magnitude and decrease the required signal-to-thermal noise ratio for a 10 -6 symbol error rate by more than 2 dB.
High temperature advanced materials

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Superplasticity is the capability to deform crystalline solids in tension to unusually large plastic strains, often well in excess of 1000%. This phenomenon results from the ability of the material to resist localized deformation much the same as hot glass does. As high elongations are possible, complex contoured parts can be formed in a single press cycle often eliminating the need for multipart fabrications. This enables the designer to capture several detail parts into a one piece complex, formed structure. Thus materials with superplastic properties can be used to form complex components in shapes that are very near the final dimension. Superplastic forming also enhances design freedom, minimizes the amount of scrap produced, and reduces the need for machining. In addition, it reduces the amount of material used, thereby lowering overall material costs. Work reported here looks into the High Temperature Deformation and Superplasticity of difficult-to-form materials, viz. (i) Metal Matrix Composites, (ii) Titanium Alloy, in particular, Ti-6Al-4V and commercial purity titanium. The work studies the processing, mechanical properties, microstructural character, evolution and manipulation for the high performance of these materials. The degradation of these properties in Titanium alloys due to prolonged high temperature exposure and the effects of oxidation prevention is also studied. In addition, because most of these difficult-to-form materials suffer from cavitation during SPF, which will lead to the degradation of the overall properties of the post-SPF materials, simulation of superplastic sheet forming for cavity sensitive material has been studied together with the analysis of the influence of various factors on the cavitation process. The effects of strain rate sensitivity, cavity growth and imposed hydrostatic pressure on the strain limits are studied. The predicted results are validated through the comparison with the existing experimental data.