jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Investigation of Phenolic, Flavonoid, Total Antioxidant Capacity, Vitamins, and Glutathione Contents of Aronia Melanocarpa (Michx.) Fruits

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The nutritional profile and antioxidant capacity of ripe aronia (Aronia melanocarpa) fruit were comprehensively analyzed using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and Ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectrophotometry. The content of fat-soluble vitamins was quantified as follows: vitamin A – 12.44 ± 0.69 µg/g, vitamin E – 19.51 ± 0.88 µg/g, β-carotene – 51.64 ± 2.44 µg/g, and lycopene – 5.85 ± 0.30 µg/g. Water-soluble vitamins were also abundant, with ascorbic acid (vitamin C) being the most prevalent at 412.92 ± 12.61 µg/g, followed by riboflavin (16.43 ± 0.83 µg/g), pantothenic acid (36.37 ± 1.02 µg/g), and others including thiamine, nicotinic acid, pyridoxine, folic acid, and cyanocobalamin. Glutathione levels, essential for redox balance, were measured as 706.32 ± 19.46 µg/g for reduced glutathione (GSH) and 133.67 ± 8.28 µg/g for oxidized glutathione (GSSG). The fruit also exhibited high polyphenol and flavonoid contents, with total phenolics at 81.28 ± 3.21 µg gallic acid equivalents per gram and flavonoids at 65.55 ± 2.50 µg quercetin equivalents per gram. Antioxidant capacity was evaluated using two methods: the DPPH assay yielded an IC₅₀ value of 23.17 ± 1.35 µg/mL, indicating strong radical scavenging activity, while the TEAC method demonstrated a total antioxidant capacity of 272.85 ± 10.91 µmol Trolox equivalents per gram. Ripe aronia fruit is rich in essential vitamins, glutathione, phenolic and flavonoid compounds, and possesses strong antioxidant capacity. These findings support its potential health benefits when consumed in appropriate amounts.
Expansion formulas and addition theorems for Gegenbauer functions

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We give a systematic summary of the properties of the Gegenbauer functions Cαλ(x) and Dαλ(x) for general complex degree and order, with emphasis on the functions of the second kind, Dαλ(x), and on results useful in scattering theory. The results presented include Sommerfeld–Watson type expansion formulas and two reciprocal addition formulas for the functions of the second kind.
Change in Chemical Composition of Simmental Crossbred Cattle Milk Improved its Physicochemical, Nutritional, and Processed Properties

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate a new milk resource from Simmental crossbred cattle, which could be an alternative raw milk for dairy products. In the experiment, physicochemical characterization of raw milk was evaluated according to the Standards. In addition, Simmental crossbred cattle milk (SHCM) samples had the higher contents of total amino acid than those of Chinese Holstein cow milk (HCM) samples, especially for Leu, Lys, Met, and Phe. We also observed the contents of protein, fat, and lactose in SHCM samples changed during 12 months, where in milk fat content was mostly affected by the season, followed by the lactose and protein contents. Moreover, texture profile analysis showed that yoghurt made from SHCM had stronger structures, which especially reflected in hardness and chewiness. The G’ of yoghurt made from SHCM during storage time was always higher than that made from HCM, indicating that SHCM yoghurt showed higher apparent viscosity values. Logically, the milk from Simmental crossbred cattle has desirable physicochemical characteristics and nutritional value, which could be a new better resource of dairy products. Practical Application Compared with Chinese Holstein cattle, Simmental crossbred cattle have strong resistance to moist weather and better performance in disease resistance, which are particularly important for lactating cows persisting in south of China. We evaluated the nutritional values of SHCM and HCM, and compared the seasonal variation on chemical composition of SHCM sample. All the data could be used to produce different dairy products using raw milk from different seasons. In addition, textural properties of yoghurt made from two milks were also determined, and we suggested that SHCM could be used as a new resource candidate for developing dairy product in the future.
Nanoemulsion-based Parenteral Drug Delivery System of Carbamazepine: Preparation, Characterization, Stability Evaluation and Blood-Brain Pharmacokinetics

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Carbamzepine (CBZ) was encapsulated in a parenteral oil-in-water nanoemulsion, in an attempt to improve its bioavailability. The particle size, polydispersity index and zeta potential were measured using dynamic light scattering. Other parameters such as pH, osmolality, viscosity, drug loading efficiency and entrapment efficiency were also recorded. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that emulsion droplets were almost spherical in shape and in the nano-range. The in vitro release profile was best characterized by Higuchi's equation. The parenteral nanoemulsion of CBZ showed significantly higher AUC0→5, AUC0→∞, AUMC0→5, AUMC0→∞, Cmax and lower clearance than that of CBZ solution in plasma. Additionally, parenteral nanoemulsion of CBZ showed significantly higher AUC0→∞, AUMC0→∞ and Cmaxthan that of CBZ solution in brain. The parenteral nanoemulsion of CBZ could therefore use as a carrier, worth exploring further for brain targeting.
Unpacking the Curvature Effect: Perceptual and Hedonic Judgments of Visual Contour

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Introduction Preference for curvature, the curvature effect, seems to transcend cultures, species, and stimulus kinds. However, its psychological mechanisms remain obscure because studies often overlook the complexity of the features characterizing contour and disregard personal and contextual factors. To unpack the curvature effect, we manipulated geometric features continuously and multidimensionally, and examined perceptual and hedonic judgments at the group and individual levels using two contrasting paradigms. As curved contours are more easily perceived and processed than polygons, we hypothesized that perceived contour might explain liking better than geometric features. Method Eighty-seven participants judged online 88 novel stimuli from the Visual Contour (VC) open-source set varying in the number of vertexes, the distance between vertexes, and the tension of the spline linking adjacent vertexes. In Paradigm 1, participants rated their liking and perceived contour using a slider. In Paradigm 2, using the method of constant stimuli, participants decided whether the target contour was more curved/angular than, and whether they preferred it, to the reference with median tension, controlling for vertexes and distance. Results Perceptual and hedonic judgments relied on vertexes, distance, and tension, but their specific impact depended on the person and the judgment kind—whether perceptual or hedonic. The multidimensional manipulation also revealed the interaction between two constructs: contour and shape. Crucially, the curvature effect was not robust across binary comparisons and continuous manipulations. Regarding our hypothesis, the association between perceptual and hedonic ratings depended on shape categorization, determined by distance. Finally, art experience, openness to experience, and need for cognition moderated how people used each feature in perceptual and hedonic judgments. Conclusion Research on perception and appreciation of contour and shape should factor in their complexity and defining features. Additionally, embracing individual sensitivities opens avenues for a better understanding of psychological phenomena.
Slide presentations and Information Design: uses beyond the artefact

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This article presents a contemporary discussion concerning digital slide presentations from a review of the literature. Initially, as well as providing a definition of this object, we also address a number of features related to the manner in which it has developed over time. Following this, we discuss the criticisms and problematizations regarding the artefact, along with the research, which has resulted from this. We conclude with recommendations for promoting effective and motivating slideshow design.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF GALERY WALK TECHNIQUE TOWARD GRAMMAR COMPETENCE OF ENGLISH DEPARTMENT STUDENTS OF UNHASY

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Almost all of the students who learn English assume that learning grammar of English is not so important. They often think that their English is already acceptable in every condition without good grammar. This assumption makes their care on how important grammar is for their English less. It causes their grammar competence becomes low. Besides, the lecturer’s way of teaching which is not interesting also gives contribution to this low competence. This pre-experimental research was done by implementing gallery walk technique which is believed as an interesting and challenging teaching technique in intermediate English grammar class. The objectives of this research were to know: (1) the students’ grammar competence before the implementation of gallery walk technique, (2) the students’ competence on grammar after being taught by using GWT and (3) the effectiveness of GWT towards students’ grammar competence. The population of this study was two classes of the third semester students of English language eduacation department of UNHASY in the academic year of 2019/2020. The sample was class B comprising of 19 students by using purposive sampling. The students’ average score of grammar before GWT was applied was 67. After GWT was implemented, their mean score of grammar became 73. Because the value of sig. (2-tailed) was lower than 0.05, it showed that the improvement of the average results of pretest and posttest was significantly different. Then, it came to the conclusion that GWT was effective for teaching grammar.
No galaxy left behind: accurate measurements with the faintest objects in the Dark Energy Survey

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Accurate statistical measurement with large imaging surveys has traditionally required throwing away a sizable fraction of the data. This is because most measurements have relied on selecting nearly complete samples, where variations in the composition of the galaxy population with seeing, depth, or other survey characteristics are small. We introduce a new measurement method that aims to minimize this wastage, allowing precision measurement for any class of detectable stars or galaxies. We have implemented our proposal in <scp>balrog</scp>, software which embeds fake objects in real imaging to accurately characterize measurement biases. We demonstrate this technique with an angular clustering measurement using Dark Energy Survey (DES) data. We first show that recovery of our injected galaxies depends on a variety of survey characteristics in the same way as the real data. We then construct a flux-limited sample of the faintest galaxies in DES, chosen specifically for their sensitivity to depth and seeing variations. Using the synthetic galaxies as randoms in the Landy–Szalay estimator suppresses the effects of variable survey selection by at least two orders of magnitude. With this correction, our measured angular clustering is found to be in excellent agreement with that of a matched sample from much deeper, higher resolution space-based Cosmological Evolution Survey (COSMOS) imaging; over angular scales of 0<f>$_{.}^{\\circ}$</f>004 < θ < 0<f>$_{.}^{\\circ}$</f>2, we find a best-fitting scaling amplitude between the DES and COSMOS measurements of 1.00 ± 0.09. We expect this methodology to be broadly useful for extending measurements’ statistical reach in a variety of upcoming imaging surveys.
The interaction of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 spike protein with drug-inhibited angiotensin converting enzyme 2 studied by molecular dynamics simulation

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Background: Hypertension has been identified as the most common comorbidity in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients, and has been suggested as a risk factor for COVID-19 disease outcomes. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus enters host human cells via binding to host cell angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors. Inhibition of ACE2 has been proposed as a potential therapeutic approach to block SARS-CoV-2 contagion. However, some experts suggest that ACE2 inhibition could worsen the infection. Here, we aimed to study the effect of ACE2 inhibition on the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein binding to ACE2. Method: Crystallographic structures of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, the spike receptor-binding domain, native ACE2, and the ACE2 complexed with MLN-4760 were used as the study model structures. The spike proteins were docked to the ACE2 structures and the dynamics of the complexes, ligand–protein, and protein–protein interactions were studied by molecular dynamics simulation for 100 ns. Results: Our result showed that inhibition of ACE2 by MLN-4760 increased the affinity of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein binding to ACE2. Results also revealed that spike protein binding to the ACE2 inhibited by MLN-4760 restored the enzymatic active conformation of the ACE2 from closed/inactive to open/active conformation by removing MLN-4760 binding from the ligand-binding pocket of ACE2. Conclusion: We conclude that using ACE2 inhibitors can increase the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and worsen COVID-19 disease outcome. We also found that the SARS-CoV-2 can abrogate the function of ACE2 inhibitors and rescue the enzymatic activity of ACE2. Therefore, ACE2 inhibition is not a useful treatment against COVID-19 infection.
Laboratory Findings of COVID 19 Positive A Tertiary Care Hospital Study in Bangladesh

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background:The first COVID 19 patient was detected on the 8th March 2020in Bangladesh.The laboratory findings of COVID 19 patients of previous studies may be helpful in the treatment arena of COVID 19.We have very limited research-oriented data regarding the laboratory findings of COVID 19 patients. Aim of the Study:The aim of this study was to assess the laboratory findings of COVID 19 suspected patients. Methods:This was prospective observational study and it was conducted in the Department of Medicine, Shahabuddin Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh, during the period from November 2020 to March 2022.In total 126 COVID 19 suspected patients referred from government primary/secondary healthcare institutions were included as the study subjects.The ethical committee of the mentioned hospital was approved this study.All Data were collected, analyzed by using MS Office and SPSS version 23 programs as per need. Results:In laboratory blood tests of the participants, we observed that, the mean (±SD) white blood cell (WBC), Neutrophil (N), Leukocytes (L) and S. Creatinine of the participants were found as 10.80 ± 8.99 X 109/L, 77.21 ± 47.54 X 109/L, 19.63 ± 11.83 X 109/L and 1.50 ± 2.36 respectively.Besides these, in electrolyte analysis the mean (±SD) Na+, K+ and Cl-of the participants were found as 139.50 ± 4.93, 3.68 ± 0.69 and 105.67 ± 5.86 mmol/L respectively.As per the laboratory findings 41% (n = 52) patients were defined as COVID 19 patients whereas the rest 59% (n = 74) were not positive.On the other hand, in RT-PCR test only 13% patients were detected as COVID 19 cases whereas the rest 87% were COVID 19 negative.Noted that, all the RT-PCR positive cases were previously detected COVID 19 positive by laboratory tests. Conclusion:In this study, laboratory findings of suspected COVID 19 patients ensured the pre-detection of COVID 19 positive cases.Although RT-PCR test is considered as the gold standard for detecting COVID 19 patients, laboratory findings can play an important role in primary screening of COVID 19 suspected as well as positive cases.
Figure 1 from Stratification to Neoadjuvant Radiotherapy in Rectal Cancer by Regimen and Transcriptional Signatures

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<p>Multivariate logistic regression analysis of all subjects in the combined dataset adjusted by cohort, T stage, and N stage. *OR is reported as “OR per SD” to account for diverse distributions. LateTA score, late transient-amplifying score; Ma-TBRS, macrophage TGFβ response signature.</p>
Ease of Use or Fun Perception? Factors Affecting Retention of Newly Registered Mobile Game Players Based on Flow Theory and The Technology Acceptance Model

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The gaming market is experiencing remarkable growth, and enhancing the retention of newly registered users has emerged as a top priority for game operators. In this study, we innovatively expanded flow theory and the technology acceptance model to construct a structural equation model that investigates the factors influencing the retention of new mobile game players. By examining 1,375 valid questionnaires from new users of a gaming app, as well as analyzing their login, usage, and retention data, we uncovered unique pathways and characteristics that impact user retention. Our findings reveal that the ease of use perceived by new mobile game players significantly influences their perceived enjoyment and usage attitude, which in turn, indirectly affects retention. Moreover, we discovered that the fun perceived by registered players significantly impacts their usage attitude and retention, emphasizing the need to consider gaming control, challenge, in-game experience, and social engagement during game development. This study offers valuable theoretical implications for the application of flow theory in game development and equips game operators with strategic insights for retaining newly registered users.
Pregnancy and sickle cell hemoglobinopathies: results with and without prophylactic transfusions.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Maternal morbidity and perinatal outcome in 108 pregnancies complicated by sickle cell anemia (hemoglobin SS disease), sickle cell-hemoglobin C disease (hemoglobin SC disease), or sickle cell-beta-thalassemia disease were analyzed. Women given prophylactic red cell transfusions (1973-1982) during pregnancy were matched with historic controls whose care was almost identical except that blood was not given unless indicated (1955 to 1972). In women with hemoglobin SS disease who received prophylactic red cell transfusions, there was a sevenfold reduction in perinatal mortality and negligible maternal morbidity. In pregnancies complicated by hemoglobin SC disease during which transfusions were given, there were no perinatal losses, whereas there were in 18% of women not given transfusions. Maternal morbidity in women given transfusions was negligible; however, half of those not transfused experienced morbidity and, importantly, pulmonary complications were common. Transfusion-related complications included hepatitis and alloimmunization. From these experiences the authors conclude that prophylactic red cell transfusions reduce maternal morbidity and perinatal mortality appreciably, although perinatal morbidity is not eliminated. Transfusion therapy is justifiably started early in pregnancy for women with hemoglobin SS disease; however, transfusions may be withheld until the end of the second trimester for women with hemoglobin SC or sickle cell-beta-thalassemia disease.
“We’ll See Who’s Powerless Now!” Using WALL-E to Teach Administrative Ethics

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Using fiction is a popular way to communicate sometimes-complex administrative practices. This paper uses Disney Pixar's WALL-E to examine the movie's ethical dilemmas and how to communicate those in the public management classroom. Through a content analysis of the movie, several overall ethical themes emerged: ethical use of technology, environmental ethics, and consumerism as administrative dilemma. Each is explained using exemplar stories from the film. The research builds on the growing realization that popular culture is relevant to understand governance practices and vice versa.
The Quest for Transparency in Investor-State Arbitration: Are the Transparency Rules and the Mauritius Convention Effective Instruments of Reform?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In recent years, critics have questioned the legitimacy of international investment law, particularly investor-State arbitration on the grounds, amongst others, that confidentiality and lack of transparency in arbitral proceedings pose a threat to the basic principles of public law and democracy. In response, minimal transparency measures have been introduced by States, regional international economic organizations and the International Centre for the Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) over the last two decades. More recently, the Transparency Rules and the Mauritius Convention were introduced by the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) for a more far-reaching impact. These instruments have been widely applauded as the much awaited solution for entrenching transparency and enhancing the legitimacy of treaty-based investor-State arbitration. But will they really establish transparency in investor-State arbitration considering the opt-out provisions in Article 1(1) of the Transparency Rules and Article 3(1) of the Mauritius Convention? In attempting this question, the article examined the concept of treaty based investor-State arbitration, its public character and the possible effect the opt-out provisions could have on the quest for transparency. It posited that a mechanism that allows parties – States and foreign investors – a choice whether or not to apply these instruments in a given arbitration will impede the attainment of the objective of entrenching transparency in investor-State arbitration.
Aortic propagation velocity in patients with coronary artery disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: The aortic stiffness is the strongest cardiovascular predictor of morbidity & mortality; it is widely established that cardiovascular hazard factors cause alterations in the histology and function of the aorta. Aim: This research set out to assess the frequency with which Aortic propagation velocity (APV) was seen in coronary artery disease patients (CAD). Methods: This comparative cross-sectional research was conducted at Mansoura specialized hospital from January 2022 to June 2022. One hundred participants participated in this study. The cases were recommended for optional coronary angiography and separated into a CAD group (n= 57) and a non-CAD group (n= 43). Results: Aortic strain (%) 6.10 ± 1.430 versus 11.77 ± 2.809, P < 0.0001), Aortic distensibility (cm 2dyn−110−3) 2.85 ± 0.684 versus 5.35 ± 1.312, P < 0.0001), APV 43.74 ± 10.719 versus 80.18 ± 21.095, P < 0.0001) respectively. APV is a major indicator of the occurrence of CAD (P ˂ 0.001). There is statistically significant negative correlation among APV and SYNTAX score (r = -0.657; P ˂ 0.001). APV is a highly significant predictor of CAD with high sensitivity (82.5%), specificity (97.7%), PPV (97.9%), NPV (80.8%), accuracy (89.0%), and Youden's J index (0.802). The AUC of 0.958 with a 95% CI of 0.925-0.990 (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Coronary artery disease is substantially predicted by the velocity of aortic propagation.