jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Faculty Opinions recommendation of A novel druggable interprotomer pocket in the capsid of rhino- and enteroviruses.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Rhino-and enteroviruses are important human pathogens, against which no antivirals are available.The best-studied inhibitors are "capsid binders" that fit in a hydrophobic pocket of the viral capsid.Employing a new class of entero-/rhinovirus inhibitors and by means of cryo-electron microscopy (EM), followed by resistance selection and reverse genetics, we discovered a hitherto unknown druggable pocket that is formed by viral proteins VP1 and VP3 and that is conserved across entero-/rhinovirus species.We propose that these inhibitors stabilize a key region of the virion, thereby preventing the conformational expansion needed for viral RNA release.A medicinal chemistry effort resulted in the identification of analogues targeting this pocket with broad-spectrum activity against Coxsackieviruses B (CVBs) and compounds with activity against enteroviruses (EV) of groups C and D, and even rhinoviruses (RV).Our findings provide novel insights in the biology of the entry of entero-/rhinoviruses and open new avenues for the design of broad-spectrum antivirals against these pathogens.
Studies in the Roman Province Galatia: X. The Romans in Galatia

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The term Galatia is here used in the widest sense, equivalent to of Γαλατιϰὴ ἐπαρχεία C.I.G. 3991. It is a remarkable feature that there is hardly any allusion in the inscriptions of Galatia to πραγματευόμενοι ʽΡωμαῖοι or ὁ δῆμος ϰαὶ οί ϰατοιϰοῦντες Ρωμϰῖοι. I do not remember one; but they may occur rarely and have escaped my notice or memory. In the province of Asia these cives qui ibi negotiantur occur very frequently. The solitary allusion of any approximate character that I know in Galatia is ὁ δῆμος οἵ τε συμπολιτευόμενοι Ρωμαῖοι, which indicates a closer connexion and more equal rights between natives and cives Romani than was the case in Asia. Paul was a Cilician, and the same rule seems to have held there as in Galatia.
Finite-element analysis of failure of the Capital Hip designs

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The Capital Hip implant was a Charnley-based system which included a flanged and a roundback stem, both of which were available in stainless steel and titanium. The system was withdrawn from the market because of its inferior performance. However, all four of the designs did not produce poor rates of survival. Using a simulated-based, finite-element analysis, we have analysed the Capital Hip system. Our aim was to investigate whether our simulation was able to detect differences which could account for the varying survival between the Capital Hip designs, thereby further validating the simulation. We created finite-element models of reconstructions with the flanged and roundback Capital Hips. A loading history was applied representing normal walking and stair-climbing, while we monitored the formation of fatigue cracks in the cement. Corresponding to the clinical findings, our simulation was able to detect the negative effects of the titanium material and the flanged design in the Capital Hip system. Although improvements could be made by including the effect of the roughness of the surface of the stem, our study increased the value of the model as a predictive tool for determining failure of an implant.
Evidence That Normative Beliefs is a Multidimensional Construct: Personal and Mass Media Referents.

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

While Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) is commonly used to model normative beliefs that depend on human referents, this study extends the normative belief to allow modelling the mass media referents and linking them to both Subjective Norm (SN) and behaviourol intention (BI). This study emphasizes the importance of communication channels influence (referents). Rogers' theory introduces two types of referents, mass media and interpersonal referents. This study used factor analysis to validate the factorability of normative beliefs and prove that the external normative beliefs sourced by both media and personal referents represent valuable factors in explaining 54% of the variation in norms that in turn. used as determinant of BI to use the Internet banking.
The phenotype of Arabidopsis thaliana det1 mutants suggest a role for cytokinins in greening. Progress report

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

When grown in the absence of light, the det1 mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana develop characteristics of light-grown plants by morphological, cellular, and molecular criteria. Further, in light-grown plants, mutations in the DET1 gene affect cell-type-specific expression of light-regulated genes and the chloroplast developmental program. Here we show that the addition of exogenously added cytokinins (either 2-isopentenyl adenine, kinetin, or benzyladenine) to the growth medium of dark-germinated wild-type seedlings results in seedlings that resemble det1 mutants, instead of having the normal etiolated morphology. Like det1 mutants, these dark-grown seedlings now contain chloroplasts and have high levels of expression of genes that are normally ``light``-regulated. These results suggest an important role for cytokinins during greening of Arabidopsis, and may implicate cytokinin levels or an increased sensitivity to cytokinins as explanations for some of the observed phenotypes of det1 mutants.
Comparison of Retrograde Intrarenal Surgery and Micro-percutaneous Nephrolithotomy for Kidney Stones 5-10 mm in Diameter

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aim:To compare the results of micro-percutaneous nephrolithotomy (micro-PNL) and retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) for symptomatic renal stones 5-10 mm in diameter.Methods:A total of 86 patients, who underwent RIRS (n=53) and micro-PNL (n=23), were evaluated retrospectively. Urine analysis, serum creatinine level, urine culture and non-contrast computed tomography scan were performed in all patients preoperatively. Kidney stones were opaque in all cases. Unresolved coagulopathy, active urinary infection, morbid obesity, missing data and pregnancy were considered the criteria for exclusion. The groups were compared in terms of operative time, Visual analogue scale score, analgesic requirement, retreatment, transition to other treatment, complication and stone-free rates and length of hospital stay.Results:Both surgical techniques were similar for all parameters except need for analgesics, which was higher in the micro-PNL group (p=0.026). The stone-free rate was 85.7% in the RIRS group and 78.2% in the micro-PNL group (p=0.43).Conclusion:Both methods can be administered as alternative modalities with high success and low complication rates. However, analgesics requirement was higher in micro-PNL group.
Product Colour Variation Management with Artificial Intelligence

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This research focuses on the topic of using AI in color variant management in products to enhance the appeal and performance of the products in the marketplace by incorporating artificial intelligence, deep learning, and neural network systems. Real-time consumer and product information, preferences, buying history, and sales history; I created an AI model to predict and change product colors in real-time. The complete workflow used comprises data gathering, processing, and feature extraction, model training, integration of the color adjustment software tools, and finally, testing and validation. The efficiency of such AI-driven interventions was analyzed through the consumer satisfaction indices, the sales results, and the engagement data based on the consumption of digital platforms. This study demonstrates valuable potential of AI to improve product design application and development while providing valuable suggestions for Businesses adapting and improving market outcomes according to the changing consumer trends. Such an application of AI implements a new best practice in ways of enhancing futuristic consumer-oriented marketing approaches. The paper was first completed in 2021 and later I have modified the paper with latest updates till date 2024.
Identification of monetary surprises using intraday data

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Currently, the Bank of Russia in its press releases informs the public not only about the decision on the interest rate, but also on the planned trajectory of future interest rates and its own forecasts of the development of the macroeconomic situation. Thus, the Central Bank’s announcement may be unexpected for the public in two senses: a change in the key rate (monetary surprise) and providing new forecast information (informational surprise). The impact of different types of surprises on macroeconomic dynamics may be different, so it is advisable to be able to identify the effect of each of them separately. In this paper, the identification of monetary surprises is proposed, which has advantages over those already presented in the literature. It allows, firstly, to identify yield curve shocks and, secondly, to remove the non-monetary (informational) component from the estimates of monetary surprises. The paper reveals the need to identify information shocks using intraday data and the advantages of using minute data compared to using data of lower frequency. Based on the proposed high-frequency approach, we assess the role of information shocks and the role of interest rate trajectory signals in formatting Russian inflation expectations.
Neural Influences on Tumor Progression Within the Central Nervous System

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT For decades, researchers have studied how brain tumors, the immune system, and drugs interact. With the advances in cancer neuroscience, which centers on defining and therapeutically targeting nervous system‐cancer interactions, both within the local tumor microenvironment (TME) and on a systemic level, the subtle relationship between neurons and tumors in the central nervous system (CNS) has been deeply studied. Neurons, as the executors of brain functional activities, have been shown to significantly influence the emergence and development of brain tumors, including both primary and metastatic tumors. They engage with tumor cells via chemical or electrical synapses, directly regulating tumors or via intricate coupling networks, and also contribute to the TME through paracrine signaling, secreting proteins that exert regulatory effects. For instance, in a study involving a mouse model of glioblastoma, the authors observed a 42% increase in tumor volume when neuronal activity was stimulated, compared to controls ( p < 0.01), indicating a direct correlation between neural activity and tumor growth. These thought‐provoking results offer promising new strategies for brain tumor therapies, highlighting the potential of neuronal modulation to curb tumor progression. Future strategies may focus on developing drugs to inhibit or neutralize proteins and other bioactive substances secreted by neurons, break synaptic connections and interactions between infiltrating cells and tumor cells, as well as disrupt electrical coupling within glioma cell networks. By harnessing the insights gained from this research, we aspire to usher in a new era of brain tumor therapies that are both more potent and precise.
<title>ABLACT atmospheric metrology</title>

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We comment on the new atmospheric metrology experiments conducted in support of ABLACT. We will present the results from a wind-scintillometer experiment and show the most recent transverse coherence length and isoplanatic angle data from a new Atmospheric Turbulence Measurement and Observation System (ATMOS). The results from the wind scintillometer are inconclusive, and we suggest possible explanations and improvements. The ATMOS data provides a promising short-term characterization of North Oscura Peak. In addition, we address the ability to predict ro from the local wind speeds.
The Last Closed Border of the Cold War: Turkey–Armenia

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In the post-Soviet Caucasus, a number of borders remain blocked as a result of ethno-territorial conflicts that emerged in the early 1990s. Yet, there is one closed border that does not fit the pattern: the Turkish–Armenian border. This border has not been the site of any conflict in that period, and belongs to an entirely different geopolitical space: the border that previously separated the Soviet Union from Turkey, as well as independent Armenia from the Republic of Turkey. To understand the nature of the conflict that keeps the Turkish–Armenian border closed, therefore, one has to look for historic references that go beyond the Soviet legacy and bring in Ottoman history, and specifically the Genocide of Ottoman Armenians in 1915–1916. This analysis sheds new light on understanding the modern conflicts of the Caucasus, which have previously been studied mostly within the context of the Soviet experience.
Impact of Penalty Structures on Virtual Power Plants in a Day-Ahead Electricity Market

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

The rapid increase in distributed energy resources has augmented the significance of virtual power plants (VPPs), which are essential for the aggregation and management of variable renewable energy resources (RERs). The inherent variability and uncertainty of RERs necessitate the implementation of deviation penalties to address the discrepancies between the awarded bids and actual generation, which is crucial in maintaining market stability and ensuring reliable grid operations. Therefore, this study proposes a framework for deviation penalty structures, categorizing penalties based on three factors: the penalty scope, penalty rate, and penalty coefficient. The simulation results show that the penalty scope significantly influences the revenue of VPPs, with over-generation penalty structures typically yielding higher profitability. Conversely, dual-sided penalty structures result in lower total revenues compared to one-sided penalty structures. For instance, when the penalty price coefficient is set to 0.1, the total revenue of a dual-sided penalty structure is approximately 62.26% lower than that of a one-sided penalty structure during the morning period. The results also demonstrate that deviation penalty structures have a direct impact on power deviations and curtailment behavior. Finally, we offer recommendations for the design of an effective penalty structure aimed at assisting policymakers and distributed system operators (DSOs) in structuring market mechanisms, which not only facilitate the integration of RERs but also enhance their economic viability within electricity markets.
Autistic spectrum disorders. 1: Presentation and assessment.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

As many as six in every 1000 children may be affected by an autistic spectrum disorder. Characterised by a triad of social communication difficulties, these children exhibit impairment in communication and socialisation, and restricted and repetitive interests, movements and activities. This article will discuss the distinction between autism, Asperger's syndrome and pervasive developmental disorder. Assessment should include a history of the child's development, observation, school report and a profile of the child's strengths and weaknesses. However, it is important that potential differential diagnoses as well as conditions associated with autism are also considered. Differential diagnoses, management and possible causes of autistic spectrum disorders will be discussed in more detail in next month's Clinical Updates.
Registration of “Saban” Bread Wheat variety

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Saban is winter bread wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) variety developed by Trakya Agricultural ResearchInstitute (TARI) and registered in 2014.The pedigreeof Saban involved cross Trakia/3/MvC410-90/GKKalaka//MvC410-90/Ftm-II with TE6060-1T-1T-1T-0T. Crossing was made in 2004 and yield test beganin 2009-2010 growing year.&amp;nbsp;
Analisis Potensi Bahaya di Area Produksi Kelapa Sawit Menggunakan Metode HIRARC di PT. Beurata Subur Persada

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In palm oil companies in carrying out the production process, there are still potential hazards in the work area such as at the sterilizer station, thresser station, press station, clarification station and other stations. The method used in solving these problems is the HIRARC method, which aims to reduce the increased risk and create a good work environment. Based on the risk assessment that has been carried out by the author, there are four risk level categories, namely extreme risk, moderate risk, high risk and low risk. At an extreme risk, one of which is broken bones, which can take lives. At moderate risk, one of them is hitting the head on the floor. While at high risk, namely fractures, and sprains. Lastly, the low risk is one of sprains. Risk assessment is given a level in each risk category so that the most dangerous risk is obtained, namely the sterilizer gets level 15, thresser gets level 6, pressing gets level 8, while clarification gets the lowest level, namely 3. Risk control is carried out by providing risk mitigation such as wear PPE, apply SOPs, clean the work area.
D1 Launch Campaign of Student's Rockets in France

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

CMES(Centre National D'Etudes Spatiales) and French non-profit organization Planete Scienses have been conducting annual experimental rocket launch campaign called "La Campagne Nationale de Lancement" for the amateur clubs, such as university students and young engineers, since 1960s. The purpose of the rocket launch campaign is not only to make their dream come true but also to teach the participants how the actual development is processed. A student group of Kyushu Institute of Technology has been participated in the French experimental rocket launch campaign since 2006. This paper focuses on the design, development and test results of two rockets called "Ninja-10" and "Sakura" launched in 2010. The first rocket "Ninja-10" performs automatic gliding recovery using parafoil. The rocket tracks the way point gliding, and lands at the target point based on GPS (Global Positioning System) information. The second rocket "Sakura" aims at supersonic flight, which was recovered successfully by using the two-stage parachutes deployment.
[Bacterial enteric pathogens' resistance to fluoroquinolones and last generation cephalosporines].

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

The increase of incidence of resistance to the antibiotics became the most worrisome subject within the clinical and research communities in the medical fields. Intrinsic resistance genetic mutations, horizontal transfer of mobile structures carrying genes coding for resistance to the antibiotics within the pan-microbial genome are representing the bacterial resistome which is bearing the genetic information regarding the defensive mechanisms developed by micro-organisms to protect themselves against antibiotics. Rice in the resistance of enteric bacteria, pathogens involved in a large number of human infections, to the cephalosporin of last generation and to the fluoroquinolones is a very actual subject in the medical area. Production of beta-lactamases with extended spectrum is the most important enzymatic defence system, developed by micro-organisms, consisting in the inactivation of beta-lactam antibiotics by destroying the beta-lactam ring. Enterobacteria are able to produce beta-lactamases of type TEM, SHV and/or CTX-M. Punctual mutations in nucleotide structure of bla genes, coding for beta-lactamases synthesis, are leading on production of a large diversity of enzymes with enlarged spectrum of activity (ESBL). At the beginning of 90's the first beta-lactamases resistance to clavulanic acid were detected and in our days more then 170 TEM, 120 SVH and 90 CTX-MESBLs are known. Escherichia coli strains are producing, firstly, TEM ESBLs, Klebsiella pneumoniae SHV ESBLs. and both are producing CTX-M type ESBLs, are resistant to the fluoroquinolones due to punctual mutations in nucleotide structure of gyr gene coding for gyrases production, enzymes involved in nucleic acids replication. Resistance to the antibiotics with extended activity is a public health threat due to their capacity of large spreading within bacterial population, when the coding structures are located on mobile genetic structures. The menace increase when genes coding for fluoroquinolones resistance (qnr) are identified on such of structures.
Seroprevalence of Torch Infections in Bad Obstetrics History in HIV and Non-HIV Women in Solapur District of Maharashtra India

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

TORCH infections are very important group of infection in day today clinical practice.Some of them are preventable and some are curable to some extent. The study was aimed at evaluating seroprevalence of TORCH infections in HIV negative and HIV positive females with bad obstetric history (BOH). The TORCH test was conducted on 605 HIV negative and 51 HIV positive women. A serological evaluation of TORCH infections was carried out by detecting IgG and IgM antibodies against these infectionsby ELISA method. Number of patients and percentage of HIV negative women were for Toxoplasma IgG 123 (20.66%) IgM 21 (3.47%), Rubella IgG 418 (69.09%) IgM 13 (2.15%), CMV IgG 481(79.50%) IgM 12 (1.98%), HSV-1 IgG 302 (49.92%) IgM 1 (0.17%) and HSV-2 IgG 19 (3.14%) IgM 5(0.83%). Number of patients and percentage of HIV positive women were for Toxoplasma IgG 21 (41.18%) IgM 5 (9.80%), Rubella IgG 50 (98.04%) IgM 4 (7.84%), CMV IgG 50 (98.04 %) IgM 0 (0 %), HSV-1 IgG 44 (86.27 %) IgM 3 (5.88%) and HSV-2 IgG 14 (27.45 %) IgM 3(5.88%). In HIV negative women maximum seroprevalence was observed for CMV followed by Rubella and HSV-1 infection. In HIV positive women seroprevalence for Rubella, CMV and HSV-1 was found maximum and for Toxoplasma gondii and HSV-2 was found minimum. In
HIV positive women almost all TORCH infections were found more than in HIV negative women. Studies suggest that early diagnosis and appropriate intervention of these infections may help in proper management of these cases.
Synthesis and Chiroptical Properties of Helically Stacked Conjugated Polymers

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

We discuss helical conjugated polymers bearing chiral liquid crystallinity from the viewpoint of chiroptical properties represented by circularly polarized luminescence (CPL). First, we focus on disubstituted polyacetylene derivatives with thermotropic and/or lyotropic LC behavior. The chiral liquid crystallinity is suitable for generating helically π-stacked structures of conjugated polymers, affording CPL with high luminescence dissymmetry factors ( g -values). Second, the selective reflection/transmission functions of chiral liquid crystals (LCs) are shown to be useful for fabricating luminescent cells that enable control of switching and amplification of CPL with higher g -values. Last, the electrostatic and π–π interactions between cationic conjugated polymers and anionic chiral compounds are demonstrated to give hierarchically self-assembled helical conjugated polymers, resulting in peculiar spherulites with blue CPL.