jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Design of a v-band wideband circularly polarized microstrip patch array element for applications in body area networks

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A circularly-polarized, cavity-backed microstrip patch antenna, aperture-coupled fed through SIW, is presented. The antenna is designed for off-body communications in body area networks applications. The antenna provides an impedance bandwidth of 13%, with a gain of 7.2 dBc and cross-polarized levels of 18 dB at 60 GHz, and an axial ratio bandwidth of 7.6% using a single feed.
ACTIVATION OF ESTROGEN RECEPTOR ALPHA, ARYL HYDROCARBON RECEPTOR, AND NUCLEAR FACTOR ERYTHROID-2 LIKE 2 IN HUMAN BREAST CANCER CELLS

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

There is a strong association between estrogen exposure and breast cancer risk. Estrogen can activate estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) to increase cell proliferation. Estrogen can also be metabolized into genotoxic compounds to induce DNA damage and mutations. Activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) and nuclear factor erythroid-2 like 2 (NFE2L2; NRF2) can alter the production of genotoxic estrogen. The present thesis investigated the signalling mechanisms of ERalpha, AHR, and NRF2 and how their interaction might modulate breast cancer risk. In Chapter 2, genome-wide, but promoter-focused analysis of ERalpha binding sites in T-47D breast cancer cells identified potential cell line specific differences in estrogen signalling between T-47D and the commonly used MCF-7 breast cancer cells. CYP2B6 was identified to be an ERalpha target gene in T-47D cells but not MCF-7 cells, supporting cell line dependent effect in estrogen signalling. In Chapter 3 and 4, genome-wide analyses of AHR binding sites were performed to investigate the molecular criteria governing genomic AHR transactivation in vivo in mouse and in vitro in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Our analysis identified 1) the previously established aryl hydrocarbon response element to be an important, but not an absolute requirement in AHR transactivation and 2) key epigenetic modifications that modulate AHR-dependent gene regulation. Lastly, in Chapter 5, interaction among ERalpha, AHR, and NRF2 was presented at the regulatory region of two NRF2 target genes, NADPH Quinone Oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) and Heme Oxygenase 1 (HMOX1). ERalpha repressed, whereas AHR enhanced NRF2-dependent NQO1 and HMOX1 mRNA expression through altered p300 recruitment and Histone H3 Lysine 9 acetylation. Collectively, this thesis examined novel molecular mechanisms that might alter breast cancer development/progression by modulating ER, AHR, and NRF2 activity.
Linear Regression Based Energy Aware Location-Aided Routing Protocol for Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Performance of routing over Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) varies with network density and mobility of node. Any routing protocol is ideal when it search route with minimal utilization of network resource like bandwidth, time, and energy. But route hunting in mobile ad-hoc network is carried by blind flooding of route request packets. Blind flooding of route request packets lead to increase traffic, conjunction and redundancy over the networks. In this paper power aware location aided routing protocol is proposed. Propose energy efficient Location aided routing protocol use Linear Regression and curve intersection point area to minimize requested zone and node categorization on the basis of battery power.
Multi-arm covariate adjusted response adaptive designs for ordinal outcome clinical trials

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Covariate adjusted response adaptive designs are developed with ordinal categorical responses for phase III clinical trial involving multiple treatments. Stochastic ordering principle is used to order the treatments according to effectiveness and consequently allocation functions are developed by combining the cumulative odds ratios suitably. The performance of the proposed designs is investigated through relevant exact as well as large sample measures. To investigate the performance in a real situation, a real clinical trial involving lung cancer patients is further redesigned using the proposed allocation design.
Room temperature discotic liquid crystalline thin films of hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene: Synthesis and optoelectronic properties

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The compound hexa-(3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadecanyl)hexa peri- hexabenzocoronene (HBCC4/16), soluble in most organic solvents such as chloroform and THF, was synthesized. This compound shows a stable discotic hexagonal columnar mesophase between - 36 and 231 °C. Symmetrical sandwich cells of ITO/HBC-C-4/16/ITO (∼ 1 μm thick) were prepared by capillary filling by the molten state for the studies of their optical and optoelectronic properties. Two distinct textures, one very bright and the other gray, were clearly seen in thin films of HBC-C-4/16 between two crossed polarizers in an optical microscope at room temperature. Shortcircuit photocurrents (ISC) were obtained with such cells, and the gray areas generated a much higher short circuit photocurrent compared to that of the bright spots. This photocurrent difference was attributed to different orientations of the HBC-C-4/16 molecular columns relative to the ITO electrode surface. The charge trapping and detrapping effects found earlier with other materials, such as zinc porphyrins (ZnODEP), and of potential use in optoelectronic data storage were also observed with these cells.
The Levantine–Kurdish Synthesis: How Syrian Refugees Revolutionized the Kurdish Restaurant Scene

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

There is one good thing that has come out of the tragedy that has been unfolding in Syria. In Iraqi Kurdistan, Syrian refugees have revolutionized the local cuisine. In the mountain town of Sulaimani in Iraqi Kurdistan, Syrian refugees have alleviated a little the economic stagnation of the city by bringing with them their famous and delicious cuisine.
COMMUTATIVE RINGS WITH FINITE QUOTIENT FIELDS

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Abstract. We consider the class of all commutative reduced rings for which there exists a finite subset T ⊂ A such that all projections on quotients by prime ideals of A are surjective when restricted to T. A complete structure theorem is given for this class of rings, and it is studied its relation with other finiteness conditions on the quotients of a ring over its prime ideals.
Mtunya: Famine in Central Tanzania, 1917–20

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In the Dodoma Region of central Tanzania the people called Wagogo name a famine that struck between 1917 and 1920 the Mtunya —‘The Scramble’. This famine came after both German and British miliary requisitions had drained the arid region of men, cattle and food. The famine, which killed 30,000 of the region's 150,000 people, is more than just a good example of what John Iliffe has called ‘conjunctural poverty’. The Mtunya and the response to it by both the people of the region and the new colonial government also shaped the form of the interaction between local economy and society and the political economy of colonial Tanganyika. The Gogo, in their own interpretation of the famine, stress the ways in which this famine made them dependent on the colonial economy. For them, this famine represented a terrible loss of autonomy, a loss of the ability to control the reproduction of their own society.
Effects of a rotation of the universe on the number counts of radio sources - Goedel's universe

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

view Abstract Citations (6) References (22) Co-Reads Similar Papers Volume Content Graphics Metrics Export Citation NASA/ADS Effects of a rotation of the universe on the number counts of radio sources: Gödel's universe. Fennelly, A. J. Abstract By using Goedel's (1949) rotating universe model, it is shown that vorticity alone in a homogeneous universe could have an effect on the (number-count)/(flux density) relation. This effect is the same as evolutionary effects. The effect also shows in expanding models, where a spatial gradient also appears, generating an anisotropy in the number counts. The possible existence of a global vorticity of the universe is discussed. Publication: The Astrophysical Journal Pub Date: August 1976 DOI: 10.1086/154537 Bibcode: 1976ApJ...207..693F Keywords: Astronomical Models; Cosmology; Radio Sources (Astronomy); Rotation; Universe; Anisotropy; Background Radiation; Vorticity; Astrophysics full text sources ADS |
Clinical and laboratory correlates of lung disease and cancer in adults with idiopathic hypogammaglobulinaemia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Summary Idiopathic hypogammaglobulinaemia, including common variable immune deficiency (CVID), has a heterogeneous clinical phenotype. This study used data from the national UK Primary Immune Deficiency (UKPID) registry to examine factors associated with adverse outcomes, particularly lung damage and malignancy. A total of 801 adults labelled with idiopathic hypogammaglobulinaemia and CVID aged 18–96 years from 10 UK cities were recruited using the UKPID registry database. Clinical and laboratory data (leucocyte numbers and serum immunoglobulin concentrations) were collated and analysed using uni- and multivariate statistics. Low serum immunoglobulin (Ig)G pre-immunoglobulin replacement therapy was the key factor associated with lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) and history of LRTI was the main factor associated with bronchiectasis. History of overt LRTI was also associated with a significantly shorter delay in diagnosis and commencing immunoglobulin replacement therapy [5 (range 1–13 years) versus 9 (range 2–24) years]. Patients with bronchiectasis started immunoglobulin replacement therapy significantly later than those without this complication [7 (range 2–22) years versus 5 (range 1–13) years]. Patients with a history of LRTI had higher serum IgG concentrations on therapy and were twice as likely to be on prophylactic antibiotics. Ensuring prompt commencement of immunoglobulin therapy in patients with idiopathic hypogammaglobulinaemia is likely to help prevent LRTI and subsequent bronchiectasis. Cancer was the only factor associated with mortality. Overt cancer, both haematological and non-haematological, was associated with significantly lower absolute CD8+ T cell but not natural killer (NK) cell numbers, raising the question as to what extent immune senescence, particularly of CD8+ T cells, might contribute to the increased risk of cancers as individuals age.
Trapped Imbalanced Quantum Droplets

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A two-component quantum droplet is an attractive mixture of ultracold bosons stabilised against collapse by quantum fluctuations. Commonly, two-component quantum droplets are studied within a balanced mixture. However, the mixture can be imbalanced resulting in a lower energy but less stably bound droplet, or even a droplet submerged in a gas. This work focuses on the experimentally relevant question: how are imbalanced droplets modified by harmonic trap potentials? Droplet ground states and breathing modes are analysed across the two-dimensional parameter space of imbalance and trap strength. The robustness of the droplet imbalance is also studied by releasing the droplet from the trap, demonstrating that this can lead to the creation of free-space, imbalanced droplets.
Abstract 147: Deletion of the RNA regulator HuR in microglia/macrophages promotes an anti-tumor microenvironment in glioblastoma

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract Glioblastoma is a malignant brain tumor that portends a poor prognosis. Its resilience, in part, is related to a remarkable capacity for manipulating the microenvironment to promote its growth and survival. Microglia/macrophages are a prime target, being drawn into the tumor and stimulated to produce factors that support tumor growth and immune system evasion. Here we show that the RNA regulator, HuR, plays a key role in the tumor-promoting response of microglia/macrophages. Knockout of HuR in microglia/macrophages led to reduced tumor growth and prolonged survival in a murine model of glioblastoma. Analysis of tumor composition by flow cytometry showed that tumor associated macrophages were decreased, more polarized toward an M1-like phenotype, and had attenuated PD-L1 expression. There was a concomitant reduction in tumor-associated polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells, but an increase in Treg cells. In vitro assays showed reduced migration of HuR-/- microglia toward secreted factors derived from glioblastoma cells, and a decrease in migration of glioblastoma cells toward secreted factors derived from HuR-/- microglia. The molecular response of HuR-/- microglia was altered including reduced CXCL1, 2, MMP2, PD-L1 and VEGF expression and an increase in CXCL10 and several MMPs. There was a mixed effect on cytokines and other factors associated with both proinflammatory and alternatively activated phenotypes. In summary, HuR is a key modulator of the tumor microenvironment in glioblastoma, promoting tumor progression through its molecular regulation of factors produced by microglia/macrophages. These findings underscore the relevance of HuR as a therapeutic target in glioblastoma. Citation Format: Jiping Wang, Jianmei Leavenworth, Anita Hjelmeland, Ben Borg, Peter H. King. Deletion of the RNA regulator HuR in microglia/macrophages promotes an anti-tumor microenvironment in glioblastoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 147.
Memory-Efficient Continual Learning Object Segmentation for Long Videos

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Recent state-of-the-art semi-supervised Video Object Segmentation (VOS) methods have shown significant improvements in target object segmentation accuracy when information from preceding frames is used in segmenting the current frame. In particular, such memory-based approaches can help a model to more effectively handle appearance changes (representation drift) or occlusions. Ideally, for maximum performance, Online VOS methods would need all or most of the preceding frames (or their extracted information) to be stored in memory and be used for online learning in later frames. Such a solution is not feasible for long videos, as the required memory size grows without bound, and such methods can fail when memory is limited and a target object experiences repeated representation drifts over time. We propose two novel techniques to reduce the memory requirement of Online VOS methods while improving modeling accuracy and generalization on long videos. Motivated by the success of continual learning techniques in preserving previously-learned knowledge, here we propose Gated-Regularizer Continual Learning (GRCL), which improves the performance of any Online VOS subject to limited memory, and a Reconstruction-based Memory Selection Continual Learning (RMSCL), which empowers Online VOS methods to efficiently benefit from stored information in memory. We also analyze the performance of a hybrid combination of the two proposed methods. Experimental results show that the proposed methods are able to improve the performance of Online VOS models by more than 8%, with improved robustness on long-video datasets while maintaining comparable performance on short-video datasets such as DAVIS16, DAVIS17, and YouTube-VOS18.
Antibiotic efficacy patterns in the critically ill

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: Knowledge of antibiotic sensitivity patterns in the critically ill would lead to better outcomes by refinement of empirical therapy. The aim of the study was to analyze the antibiotic sensitivity patterns of pathogens in the critically ill. Methods: Retrospective analytical study of 267 culture samples from critically ill patients was done. Data was collected from hospital medical records department and analyzed. Results: In case of community-acquired infections, carbapenems and piperacillin-tazobactam had high efficacy for UTI; carbapenems, aminoglycosides and levofloxacin had intermediate efficacy for pneumonia; aminoglycosides, piperacillin-tazobactam, carbapenems and quinolones had intermediate efficacy for soft tissue infections; and linezolid and vancomycin had high efficacy for blood borne sepsis of unknown source. In case of hospital acquired infections, carbapenems and aztreonam had intermediate efficacy for UTI; aminoglycosides had intermediate efficacy for blood borne sepsis of unknown source and aminoglycosides had high efficacy for CLABSI. Only colistin and tigecycline demonstrated high efficacy for VAP. Colistin and tigecycline showed high efficacy for community and hospital acquired UTI, pneumonia and soft tissue infections as well as gram negative CLABSI and hospital acquired blood borne sepsis of unknown source. Conclusions: The study shows that in critically ill, in general, carbapenems are fast losing their efficacy. Colistin and tigecycline are effective even against MDR pathogens in their spectrum. Fluoroquinolones and cephalosporins have poor efficacy overall to be recommended for empirical therapy. Piperacillin-tazobactam is not satisfactory for many critical infections. Amikacin has variable efficacy. Linezolid, vancomycin and teicoplanin are highly active against MRSA and Enterococcus infections.
Selective Interaction of Chiral Carbon Dots with Nucleic Acids: A Promising Nanosensing Platform

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Carbon dots (CDs) represent an emerging class of nanomaterials that combine outstanding photoluminescent properties with low toxicity and excellent biocompatibility. These unique features have garnered significant interest for potential applications in sensing as well as nanovectors for bioactive compounds. Within this context, the possibility of synthesizing chiral carbon dots (CCDs) has paved the way for a plethora of bioapplications in their interaction with chiral biomolecules. In this study we report the synthesis and characterization of CCDs with opposite chiralities and their selective interaction with nucleic acids. A systematic study on their interaction with different oligonucleotides (ODNs) using UV‐vis, photoluminescence, and circular dichroism analyses highlighted how the chiral surface of the CCDs induces distinct spectroscopic responses in CCDs‐ODN conjugates. These findings establish the foundation for innovative applications of CCDs as nanosensors and nanocarriers for nucleic acids. Additionally, the antioxidant properties of CCDs were investigated, highlighting their dual potential as both sensing and preservative nanomaterials for genetic material. Our results suggest significant implications for the development of chiral‐specific diagnostic tools, drug delivery systems, and therapeutic agents. Furthermore, these properties open new avenues for the use of CCDs in antibiotic residue detection, fluorescence imaging, and photodynamic therapy.
Need for Senior Friendly Products to Support Daily Life among Elderly in Their Home and Community

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background The study was conducted to look at practical solutions to improve the quality of life of the aging population and to support effective and practical policies for the senior-friendly industry and long-term care insurance. Thus, this study aims to develop a standardization and classification system of senior- friendly products based on actual usages and the need to support the daily lives of the elderly. Methods For the study, we reviewed the literature on policies that support the aging population and examined the results from previous studies. We also conducted interviews to investigate the need of elderly individuals in Korea for senior friendly products. First, we studied the literature on senior friendly products and we also looked at previous studies in order to guide our research direction and identify the areas for analysis. Second, we conducted interviews with elderly individuals who attend senior welfare centers to evaluate their daily living abilities, their senior-friendly product use, and their need for senior-friendly products in their residential space. Third, we conducted a comparison analysis using the classification system of senior-friendly products in living spaces based on previous studies. In addition, we analyzed the policies for the aging population and examined their daily living abilities and actual usages and need for senior friendly products among the elderly. Results We investigated the existing classification system of senior-friendly products used in daily life and analyzed the need for senior-friendly products used in different areas of the home. We found several interesting results. First, there is a need to support not only elderly individuals’ physical activities, but also their social activities. Second, elderly individuals’perceived abilities to perform daily activities varied among different gender and age groups. This finding has the implication for the development of senior-friendly products that address different groups of elderly people. Third, senior-friendly products require classification system based on living space areas, and by daily living abilities by age group and gender, and the products should be developed and supported based on the classification in order to support independent living and assisted living in care facilities. Conclusions This study established a classification system for senior friendly products to support the daily activities of the elderly in Korea. In addition, the study contributes to improving the social activities of the elderly.
THE USE OF ESTROGENS AND ANDROGENS IN ADVANCED MAMMARY CANCER

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Estrogens and androgens were used clinically in 105 female patients with either primary or recurrent inoperable mammary cancer who were, with few exceptions, ambulatory when first treated. Of this group, 55 have died of cancer and all survivors have evidence of persistent disease. Hence, the results were analyzed on the basis of temporary objective and subjective changes which occurred during one to twenty-four months' observation. In addition, various laboratory studies were made and analyzed in an attempt to evaluate the clinical changes which were observed. For various reasons, 44 patients were treated for less than one month. Since data on these patients were incomplete, they were excluded from this report.

REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE

Both Ulrich1and Loeser2in 1939 drew attention to the possible usefulness of androgens in the treatment of mammary cancer in the human female. Farrow and Woodard3in 1942 observed subjective, but no
Composition microflora on the different parts of red-stewed full duck products

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The composition of bacteria in nine different red-stewed duck products during the initial and spoilage on stage were investigated.The initial microflora and spoilage organisms were basically the same,mainly Lactobacillus,Enterobacter,Micrococcus,Brochothrix thermosphact and Pseudomonas.There were significant differences in initial number of colonies and colony counts in spoilage stage between different products.The initial number of colonies in duck offal was significantly higher than that of other parts.More processing step can produce more initial number of colonies,such as more Enterobacter,Micrococcus,B.thermosphact and Pseudomonas locating in the duck gizzards.Bacteria grow quickly in part containing more duck.For example,lactic acid bacteria,B.thermosphact and Pseudomonas in the leg of the duck.