jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Gendercide and the cultural context of sex trafficking in china

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper discusses the interconnection of historic, legal, and cultural contexts that result in the perpetuation of discrimination against women in Chinese society. The contextual analysis attempts to explain the causes for an increase in trafficking of women and the deplorable human rights violations perpetrated upon women in China today. The remedies to eliminate trafficking proposed in this paper are not easily implemented. The OCP must be revised to provide more incentives to rational family planning rather than harsh punishments and coercion. China needs to reverse a long-standing cultural tradition of male son preference and discrimination against women. We know that laws, if implemented, can change society. Therefore, we are recommending revision of the OCP and zealous enforcement of the Chinese and international civil rights treaties and trafficking laws that do provide protection for women and foster gender parity.
Studies on the adjuvant action of bacterial endotoxins on antibody formation. II. Antibody formation in cortisone-treated rabbits.

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Summary Cortisone has been shown to inhibit the primary response in rabbits, as measured by antigen elimination techniques, to a small dose of a soluble antigen. The data suggest that this inhibitory effect is probably exerted early in the sequence of events leading to antibody synthesis. Despite variation in time of initiation and duration of cortisone treatment, inhibition of the secondary response occurred in only 50% of the animals. The ability of bacterial endotoxins to incite antibody formation in cortisone-inhibited rabbits was established.
Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) and medical inoperability of early stage non-small cell lung cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

17074 Background: Early stage NSCLC is commonly diagnosed in elderly patients who often have significant medical co-morbidity. SBRT is emerging as a treatment alternative that can provide 80–97% local control for peripheral tumors. We performed a literature review and a retrospective review of 24 patients referred to Princess Margaret Hospital for consideration of SBRT to assess what criteria were used to determine patient selection for this new treatment. Methods: Published papers reporting treating stage I NSCLC with SBRT were reviewed. Clinical and demographic characteristics of patients referred for consideration of SBRT over the last 15 months were analyzed. All patients were assessed by experienced thoracic surgeons to determine their operability status. Patients were retrospectively scored as average or high risk for surgery on the basis of accepted PFT guidelines (FEV 1 and DLCO <40% predicted); Charlson Index of Comorbidity (CCI) was calculated (score >2 associated with impaired survival). Results: Of 13 papers reporting Stage 1 SBRT results, 8 included details of medical inoperability. 2 papers had strict guidelines for PFTs, in addition to other criteria. In 6 studies reporting 276 pts, the most common reason for inoperability was non-specific medical comorbidity (60%). Our cohort (24 patients) referred for SBRT (median age 75, range 57–89) had a mean tumour size of 2.32cm (S.D. 1.11); 50% of patients had a good (0–1) Zubrod Performance status. Based upon PFT tests alone 10 patients (42%) were high risk and 5 (21%) average risk for surgery. The CCI score was ≥3 in 10 patients (42%). 3 patients who scored average risk and CCI ≤2 were deemed medically inoperable due a single severe medical comorbity. In 23/24 pts the surgeon recommended against surgery; one patient refused surgery. Conclusions: With an aging population and increased detection due to incidental finding or screening, it is important to know that there is effective alternative therapy for patients deemed too high risk for surgical resection. Comorbidity is an important factor influencing surgical mortality; defining explicit criteria for inoperability remains a clinical challenge. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
The Information Problems in Organizations: A Research Model for the Value of Information and Information Systems*

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

ABSTRACT Growing recognition of the need for better management information system (MIS) theory and practice centers around problems with identifying the value of information and information systems in organizations. This paper addresses this issue by showing that existing theory in organizational economics and industrial organization directly relates to information problems in organizations (their nature, and their effects in terms of organization structure and performance). The paper categorizes these problems and associated theories into four distinct classes and shows that MIS research and practice can be mapped to information problems of each type. Because the economic theory pertinent to specific information problems includes the nature of the organizational response to information constraints, it also provides insight into the nature of the improvement to be realized if information constraints can be overcome. These improvements can then be interpreted as the value of the associated information systems which suggests using the resultant classification scheme to map between information problems and system value. The paper shows that this methodology provides a more appropriate level of focus than either traditional normative or business value methods, especially because many improvements have structural as well as performance consequences.
BSAVA Manual of Wildlife Casualties [2nd Ed.]

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Wildlife casualties and the veterinary surgeon; The law affecting British wildlife casualties; Principles of capture, healing and transportation; Wildlife triage and decision-making; First aid and emergency care; Basic principles of wildlife anaesthesia; Initial management in captivity; Care and hand-rearing of young wild animals; Rehabilitation and release; Clinical pathology, post-mortem examination and disease surveillance; Investigation wildlife crime; Hedgehogs; Squirrels; Other insectivores and rodents; Bats; Rabbits and hares; Badgers; Otters; Other mustelids; Wildcats; Foxes; Deer; Marine mammals; Seabirds; Waders; Waterfowl; Gamebirds; Pigeons and doves; Raptors; Passerines and other small birds; Reptiles and amphibians
Electrophysiological Studies of a Water Receptor Associated With the Taste Sensilla of the Blowfly

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Electrophysiological evidence is given that water is the specific stimulus for a fourth sensory cell associated with the taste sensilla of the blowfly. Water elicited impulses from a single cell which responded in two distinct phases: an initial rapid rate of discharge followed by a lesser, sustained steady rate. The latter, in the case of sucrose solutions, was inhibited in direct proportion to the log of the osmotic pressure over a 104 range of pressures. Other non-electrolytes inhibited, but the effect could not be simply correlated with parameters of the solutions. Electrolytes inhibited the water response more sharply and at lower concentrations. The inhibition in all cases was not dependent on impulses in the other sensory cells of the taste sensillum.
Emotional Empathy Mediates the Relationship between Mental Health of Parents of People with ASD and the Autistic Symptomatology of the Care Recipient

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Caring for people with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has been reported to have a negative impact on the caregivers’ health. One of the most studied risk factors is the severity of the autistic symptomatology of the care recipient, greater severity of symptoms having been associated with poorer health outcomes in caregivers. However, to our knowledge, no studies have evaluated the role of empathy of the caregivers in this association. This study aimed to explore the possible mediating effect of both cognitive and emotional components of empathy in the relationship between autistic symptoms of the care recipient and caregiver depression and anxiety in 76 caregivers of people with ASD. Only personal distress mediates the association with anxiety, while both components of emotional empathy, personal distress and empathic concern, mediate the relationship between autistic symptoms and depressive symptomatology. In both cases, high scores in empathy were related to high levels of symptomatology. These results have implications for clinical practice, in that evaluating empathy in caregivers could help to foresee and hence take measures to prevent psychological disorders in this population.
Danger of Flumazenil Use in Pediatric Status Epilepticus

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Benzodiazepines are an important class of drugs in the management of acute pediatric seizure disorders such as status epilepticus. They are used both in the community and in the hospital; however, one of their major side effects is respiratory depression. If ventilation is needed for benzodiazepine-induced respiratory depression during seizure management, pressures to facilitate extubation may lead to the use of the specific reversal agent for this class of drugs, flumazenil. Three cases of seizure recurrence after flumazenil use in this context are reported, and the pharmacology is discussed. Irrespective of pressure to extubate such children, physicians must be alert to the potential risk of flumazenil in the clinical scenario.
Impact of Anthropogenic Combustion Emissions on The Fractional Solubility of Aeroosol Iron: Evidence From The Sargasso Sea

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

We report empirical estimates of the fractional solubility of aerosol iron over the Sargasso Sea during periods characterized by high concentrations of Saharan dust (summer 2003) and by low concentrations of aerosols in North American/maritime North Atlantic air masses (spring 2004 and early summer 2004). We observed a strong inverse relationship between the operational solubility of aerosol iron (defined using a flow-through deionized-water leaching protocol) and the total concentration of aerosol iron, whereby the operational solubility of aerosol iron was elevated when total aerosol iron loadings were low. This relationship is consistent with source-dependent differences in the solubility characteristics of our aerosol samples and can be described by a simple mixing model, wherein bulk aerosols represent a conservative mixture of two air mass end-members that carry different aerosol types: "Saharan air,'' which contains a relatively high loading of aerosol iron (27.8 nmol Fe m-3) that has a low fractional solubility (0.44%), and "North American air,'' which contains a relatively low concentration of aerosol iron (0.5 nmol Fe m-3) that has a high fractional solubility (19%). Historical data for aerosols collected on Bermuda indicate that the low iron loadings associated with North American air masses are typically accompanied by elevated V/Al, Fe/Al, and V/Mn mass ratios in the bulk aerosol, relative to Saharan dust, which are indicative of anthropogenic fuel-combustion products. The identification of similar compositional trends in our Sargasso Sea aerosol samples leads us to suggest that the elevated solubility of iron in the aerosols associated with North American air masses reflects the presence of anthropogenic combustion products, which contain iron that is readily soluble relative to iron in Saharan soil dust. We thus propose that the source-dependent composition of aerosol particles (specifically, the relative proportion of anthropogenic combustion products) is a primary determinant for the fractional solubility of aerosol iron over the Sargasso Sea. This hypothesis implies that anthropogenic combustion emissions could play a significant role in determining the atmospheric input of soluble iron to the surface ocean.
True pseudo-random number generation using chaotic maps

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, a new algorithm for generating True Pseudo-Random Number Generator (TPRNG) is proposed. This TPRNG uses chaos theory in dynamic systems that are highly sensitive to changes in initial conditions. The proposed algorithm uses a modified version of the logistic map to generate large sequence of pseudo-random numbers. The performance of the TPRNG is evaluated through exploratory data analysis and several statistical tests from the DIEHARD test suite. The results were promising as they suggest that the numbers have a good distribution and are highly random and independent for a wide range of parameters. Further tests were conducted to compare the TPNG against other existing generators. The analysis showed that the TPRNG is truly more random than common generators used. It can be concluded that the TPRNG can generate a large amount of usable random numbers that are suitable for simulations and other scientific computing applications. Further improvements and recommendations were discussed as well.
Study of the Expected Impact of Palm Pollen on Human Respiratory Tract Allergy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<b>Background and Objective:</b> Date-Palm trees (<i>Phoenix dactylifera</i> L.) are the most abundant crop in Saudi Arabia. Date Palm Pollen (DPP) are considered an important allergens. The reasons for the increase in susceptibility to allergy are not clear. This investigation aimed to link the size, shape, moisture contents and biogenic contents of the collected pollens to susceptibility. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> Pollens were collected from three different regions in the Kingdom. Date palm pollen sizes were determined in wet and dry states by Microtrac. A microscope with a camera was used to image the forms of date palm pollens. The biogenic amines were determined after extraction using HPLC. Data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), using SPSS version 16.0. <b>Results:</b> There was a variation in the sizes of pollens from different regions ranging between 3.3-704 μm. Most pollen grains are spherical. The concentrations of six biogenic amines were detected in all samples but with different concentrations. They included B-phenyl ethylamine, Putrescine, Cadaverine, Histamine, Tyramine and Spermidine. <b>Conclusion:</b> The shape and size of the pollen grains studied were variable and will not facilitate deep penetration into the respiratory system but their biogenic contents were very high and suggested to cause allergy.
Europe bans Bayer’s thiacloprid insecticide

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

The European Commission has again moved against neonicotinoid insecticides by choosing not to renew a European license for Bayer's thiacloprid because of health and environmental concerns. It is the fourth neonicotinoid excluded in Europe. Neonicotinoids, a class of systemic insecticides developed by Bayer and others in the 1990s, are used on food crops globally. The insecticides first gained approval in the European Union in 2004. Some scientists point to neonicotinoids as a cause of declining bee populations. "The scientific advice from EFSA [the European Food Safety Authority] is clear: there are environmental concerns related to the use of this pesticide, particularly its impact on groundwater, but also related to human health, in reproductive toxicity," Stella Kyriakides, European commissioner for health and food safety, says in a statement. Bayer says that it respects the EC's decision but that it believes thiacloprid-based products "can be used safely." The company also says it
Factors influencing beef eating quality 1. Effects of nutritional regimen and genotype on organoleptic properties and instrumental texture

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract An experiment was conducted to determine if growth rate, as affected by level of feeding, during a 10-or 20-week period prior to slaughter could influence the tenderness and palatability of beef from young (approx. 14 months old at the start of experiment) steers. Steers, comprising 18 Aberdeen Angus (AA), 18 Charolais (CH) and 18 Holstein (HO) purebreds, were allocated, within genotype, to one of three levels of feeding: (a) moderate ((M/M) 750 kJ metabolizable energy (ME) per day per kg M0·75), (b) high ((H/H) 1050 kJ ME per day per kg M0·75) both for 20 weeks; or (c) moderate for the first 10 weeks followed by high for the remaining 10 weeks (M/H). The steers were slaughtered at a fixed age (approx. 19 months old) and samples of m. longissimus lumborum (from all three genotypes) m. vastus lateralis and m. biceps femoris (from AA and CH only) separated, vacuum packed and stored at 2ºC for both 7 and 14 days before freezing. These cuts were subsequently assessed by a 12 member taste panel and texture analysis performed using Volodkevitch-type jaws. Growth rates during the final 10 weeks of the experimental period differed between dietary regimen (M/M = 0·87; M/H = 1·25; and H/H = 1·02 kg/day; s.e.d. = 0·08; P < 0·001). Steers offered the M/M level of feeding grew more slowly (0·97 kg/day) than those offered the M/H and H/H level of feeding (1·20 kg/day; s.e.d. = 0·06; P < 0·001) over the entire 20 week experimental period. In spite of these differences in growth rate, there were no consistent effects on beef tenderness and general palatability. Mean growth rates for CH, HO and AA steers were 1·21, 1·13 and 1·03 kg/day (s.e.d. = 0·06; P < 0·05). Beef samples from AA steers consistently scored better for various sensory attributes than those from CH and HO steers; this may have been due, in part, to level of carcass fatness and rate of carcass cooling post mortem. Accounting for factors such as genotype within the experimental design and slaughtering animals at a relatively constant age reduced the variance associated with each sensory attribute to 0·6 of that observed in commercial practice. The data suggest that there is little opportunity to improve beef eating quality by increasing growth rate by dietary means in steers provided that moderate levels of gain (equivalent to the UK average) are maintained.
VHDL design of an ATM switch

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

An ATM switch must be capable of not only routing a user data cell from an input to an output port, it must also be capable of interpreting and processing ATM signalling and management cells. The VHDL design of an ATM layer switch meeting these requirements is discussed. The switching requirements of the different layers of the protocol model is presented based on standards documents. In addition, ways of dividing the functionality of the management and signalling planes are described with the goal of optimizing the performance of the ATM switching system.
Data for: Imaging the short-lived hydroxyl-hydronium pair in ionized liquid water

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The radiolysis of water is ubiquitous in nature and plays a critical role in numerous biochemical and technological applications. Although the elementary reaction pathways for the ionized water have been studied, the short-lived intermediate complex and structural dynamic response after the proton transfer reaction remain poorly understood. Using liquid-phase ultrafast electron diffraction technique to measure the intermolecular O··O and O··H bonds, we captured the short-lived radical-cation complex OH(H3O+) that was formed within 140 femtoseconds through a direct oxygen-oxygen bond contraction and proton transfer, followed by the radical-cation pair dissociation and the subsequent structural relaxation of water within 250 femtoseconds. These measurements provide direct evidence of capturing this metastable radical-cation complex before separation, thereby improving our fundamental understanding of elementary reaction dynamics in ionized liquid water.
The Need of Military Fitness Training for Military Cadets on the Field Comprehensive Military Drill under Information Conditions

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Enhanceing the military fitness training is the need for preparing high technology and informatization war in the new era.The field fomprehensive military drill by actual combat is the military training mode of military knowledge and methods.By simulated actual combat training,the quality for military cadets can be improved as physical,mental,and psychological, which can develop the biological capacity and military fitness level for military student to maximun.By simulated actual combat training,the theory and practice of military fitness training can be gained continuous accumulation and innovation.
Resolving the contact voltage dilemma in organic field effect transistors

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

In spite of the great interest in organic field effect transistors, many of their aspects are still not well understood. In particular, efforts to uncover the origin of the contact resistance and the underlying physics have lead to apparently contradictory results. Here we show that all these features can be understood by a unified description that takes into account thermionic emission with diffusion-limited injection at the source contact and space-charge limited conduction near it. Moreover, the usual field effect transistors behavior at a certain distance from the source and the conduction in the depletion region emerge not as ad hoc assumptions but directly from the proposed mechanisms.
The Orbital Search for Altered Materials on Mars

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Research Article| June 01, 2006 The Orbital Search for Altered Materials on Mars Michael B. Wyatt; Michael B. Wyatt 1Department of Geological Sciences Arizona State University Tempe, AZ 85287-6305, USA E-mail: michael.wyatt@asu.edu Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Harry Y. McSween, Jr. Harry Y. McSween, Jr. 2Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences University of Tennessee Knoxville, TN 37996-1410, USA E-mail: mcsween@utk.edu Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Elements (2006) 2 (3): 145–150. https://doi.org/10.2113/gselements.2.3.145 Article history first online: 09 Mar 2017 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Search Site Citation Michael B. Wyatt, Harry Y. McSween; The Orbital Search for Altered Materials on Mars. Elements 2006;; 2 (3): 145–150. doi: https://doi.org/10.2113/gselements.2.3.145 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Refmanager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentBy SocietyElements Search Advanced Search Abstract The Martian surface is dominated by primary igneous minerals common in basaltic rocks. Limited chemical alteration exists in fine-grained dust, and is likely in sands and rocks at high latitudes and in the northern lowland plains where materials have interacted with ice and snow. Evidence for extensive production of secondary phases is revealed at higher spatial resolutions, where alteration effects of unique, and perhaps time-limited, aqueous environments are observed. The distribution of ice on Mars thus appears to have a global influence on the production of alteration materials, whereas the effects of water are discovered in unique and locally diverse geological settings. You do not have access to this content, please speak to your institutional administrator if you feel you should have access.