jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Morocco's finances will come under increasing strain

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Significance This reflects the impact of the Ukraine conflict on world commodity prices, as well as the damage wrought by climate change on Morocco's water resources and agriculture. The government is coming under pressure to increase social spending and benefits to help households to cope with inflation now at levels not seen in decades. Impacts Fuel prices are a toxic issue for the government. Morocco’s external financial position has weakened as the cost of imports has risen. The rising cost of living may push more Moroccans to try their luck in Europe.
Sistema web de solicitudes de acceso a la información

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The Secretariat of the Comptroller and Government Transparency of the State of Oaxaca (SCTGEO) has an objective with the development of the project called Web System of Requests for Access to Information. This objective is to contribute to internal control of the Requests for Access to Information that are sent to the dependencies, entities, auxiliary bodies, and, escrows that integrate State Public Administration. It also follows up that the Requests are attended to and are fulfilled within the terms established by the Law of Transparency and Access to Public Information for the State of Oaxaca (LGTAIPO). The web system has the following functionalities: a history of requests and responses, it allows the use of different response formats; it generates reports based on a period defined by the user; it allows you to schedule meetings, and it follows up if necessary. In addition, it has a Request, Dependencies module and an internal chat so that they can communicate with each other. The web system was based on the agile development model using Extreme Programming (XP) and the MySql database manager was used.
Conformational adaptation and large amplitude motions of 1-phenyl-2,2,2-trifluoroethanol with two water molecules: a rotational spectroscopic and ab initio investigation

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The conformational dynamics of 1-phenyl-2,2,2-trifluoroethanol⋯water 2 was explored with rotational spectroscopy and extensive theoretical modelling which reveal the interplay of several large amplitude motions including water tunnelling.
Rumination, worry and negative and positive affect in prolonged grief: A daily diary study

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract After bereavement, a significant minority experiences severe, persistent, and disabling grief, termed prolonged grief or complicated grief. Prolonged grief treatments may be enhanced by improving understanding of malleable risk factors in post‐loss psychological adaptation. Repetitive negative thought (e.g., rumination, worry) constitutes such a risk factor. Rumination and worry are both theorized to be maladaptive through interrelations with affect, yet this assumption has not been systematically investigated in the bereaved. We aimed to fill this gap in knowledge with a baseline survey and 10‐day daily diary investigation among a bereaved sample. Survey between‐subject analyses ( N = 113) demonstrated that trait rumination and worry, trait negative affect and prolonged grief symptoms are positively related to each other and negatively related with trait positive affect. Within‐subject multilevel analyses of diaries ( N = 62) demonstrated that trait rumination and trait worry relate positively to daily negative affect and negatively to daily positive affect. Daily rumination and worry showed similar relationships with daily negative and positive affect. A stronger relationship emerged between daily rumination and daily negative affect in people with higher prolonged grief symptom levels. Findings consistently support interrelations between repetitive negative thought, affect, and prolonged grief symptoms. Rumination appears particularly detrimental in people with severe grief reactions. Results align with research demonstrating the effectiveness of targeting repetitive negative thought in prolonged grief treatments. Additionally, our study demonstrates the potential feasibility and usefulness of using daily diaries to study behaviours of relevance to post‐loss adaptation in everyday life.
Research on the Current Status of Japanese Listening Comprehension for Japanese Majors in Independent Colleges——Based on the Investigation Report of Japanese Majors of 2007,Changjiang Academy,ECIT

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This paper,by means of self-designed questionnaire survey,investigates the current status of Japanese listening comprehension for Japanese majors in independent institutes.The result shows that most students could,at the initial stage of the third year,have a good command in phrase listening.However,the major factors that affect their listening comprehension still lie in their grasp of Japanese vocabulary and grammar.In addition,their interest and strategies applied in listening practice could also affect students' listening comprehension.
Wilhelm Herrmann and the Philosophical Isolation of Christianity

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract This chapter examines how systematic theology professor Wilhelm Herrmann developed a theological system based on a form of Kantian epistemology. Kantian philosophy provided Herrmann the context in which to justify his rigorous distinction between the realms of faith and science. He used Kantian philosophy in defence of Christianity against its materialist and monist opponents in the early years of the 20th century. Herrmann was also influenced by Hermann Cohen, his colleague and a Jewish neo-Kantian philosopher.
Fly-Ash Usage in New Cement-Based Material for Concrete Waterproofing

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Concrete is the most widely used building material and due to its use, water tightness is one of the factors essential for many constructions. Materials applied on concrete surface as secondary protection can have various forms. One of the material group with waterproofing ability, are materials on so called "crystalline technology base". As this material is cement-based its wide world production brings significant effect on environment. To bring on building materials market new materials should be considered its environmental friendlier production. One of the ways for this group of materials with crystalline abilities is replacing cement by other substituent, at best by secondary raw material. This would bring double advantage, lowering usage of cement and on the other hand use of already produced secondary raw material. This article deals with new developed materials based on "crystalline technology" with cement partly replaced by fly-ash substituent. At this article are presented results of new developed screed and coating modifications and its effectiveness on concrete waterproofing.
Analysis of 25 cases of keloid treated by operation combined with early radiotherapy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective:To explore the effect of operation combined with early radiotherapy for keloid.Methods:Local radiotherapy was done in 24 hours after keloid's surgical removal,vertical esposure with 6 MeV electron irradiation,one time every otherday,dosage of radiotherapy was 4 Gy every time,total 3～5 times.Results:In all the cases,20 cases were cured,3 cases were effective,2 cases relapsed,the total effect rate was 92%.The relapsed patients improved after treated again with more radiotherapy times.Conclusion:Operation combined with early radiotherapy for keloid is effective,and the patients should avoid the recurrence of keloid.
Sports activity after severe polytrauma: results of a prospective study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Crit Care 1999, 3 3 ( (s su up pp pl l 1 1) ):P1 I In nt tr ro od du uc ct ti io on n: : Critically ill patients requiring intensive care are at risk of iatrogenic ocular damage.Studies have reported an incidence of eye problems of up to 40% in critically ill ventilated patients.We conducted this study to assess the incidence of ocular complications in our intensive care unit where all patients are cared for according to an eye care standard.M Me et th ho od ds s: : All ventilated patients over a 2 month period were included.Ophthalmic assessment was performed on admission and repeated every other day during the period of ventilation.At each assessment the average Ramsey sedation score over the previous 24 h, the presence of tracheal secretions and the presence of ventilation associated pneumonia was noted.Eye care performed was recorded.R Re es su ul lt ts s: : Sixty patients were included.One patient developed corneal exposure keratopathy.No patient developed conjunctivitis or corneal ulceration.Further advice on appropriate measures of eye care was given in five cases (8%).Nine patients (15%) had large amounts of respiratory secretions with positive microbiological results.C Co on nc cl lu us si io on n: : This study confirms that the use of an eye care standard is associated with a low incidence of ocular surface complications.The incidence of ocular complications in this group of patients is far lower than previously described.
Human Cytomegalovirus Replicates in Gamma‐Irradiated Fibroblasts

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Because of the unique interdependence of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) and the physiological state of the host cell, we evaluated the ability of human foreskin fibroblasts (HFF), exposed to gamma radiation, to support HCMV growth. Irradiation of HFF with 2,500 rADS prevented cellular proliferation and suppressed cellular DNA, but not RNA or protein synthesis. Treatment of HFF cells with 2,500 rADS 6 or 48 hours prior to infection did not alter the time course or virus yield during HCMV replication. Virus plaquing efficiency in irradiated cells was comparable to that of nonirradiated cells. As judged by thymidine incorporation and BUdR inhibition of virus replication, HCMV infection induced both thymidine kinase activity and host cell DNA synthesis in irradiated cells. In addition, virus could be recovered from HFF exposed to radiation 0–2 days after infection with HCMV. These studies indicate that the damage to cells by gamma irradiation does not alter the capacity of host cells to support HCMV replication.
Breathlessness and “exacerbation” questions predictive for incident COPD (MARKO study): data after two years of follow-up

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Aims To determine the predictability of the MARKO questionnaire and/or its domains, individually or in combination with other markers and characteristics (age, gender, smoking history, lung function, 6-min walk test (6 MWT), exhaled breath temperature (EBT), and hsCRP for the incident chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in subjects at risk over 2 years follow-up period). Participants and Methods Patients, smokers/ex-smokers with >20 pack-years, aged 40–65 years of both sexes were recruited and followed for 2 years. After recruitment and signing the informed consent at the GP, a detailed diagnostic workout was done by the pulmonologist; they completed three self-assessment questionnaires—MARKO, SGRQ and CAT, detailed history and physical, laboratory (CBC, hsCRP), lung function tests with bronchodilator and EBT. At the 2 year follow-up visit they performed: the same three self-assessment questionnaires, history and physical, lung function tests and EBT. Results A sample of 320 subjects (41.9% male), mean (SD) age 51.9 (7.4) years with 36.4 (17.4) pack-years of smoking was reassessed after 2.1 years. Exploratory factor analysis of MARKO questionnaire isolated three distinct domains (breathlessness and fatigue, “exacerbations”, cough and expectorations). We have determined a rate for incident COPD that was 4.911/100 person-years (95% CI [3.436–6.816]). We found out that questions about breathlessness and “exacerbations”, and male sex were predictive of incident COPD after two years follow-up (AUC 0.79, 95% CI [0.74–0.84], p < 0.001). When only active smokers were analyzed a change in EBT after a cigarette (ΔEBT) was added to a previous model (AUC 0.83, 95% CI [0.78–0.88], p < 0.001). Conclusion Our preliminary data shows that the MARKO questionnaire combined with EBT (change after a cigarette smoke) could potentially serve as early markers of future COPD in smokers.
Building Care Partner Capacity Through Education on Behaviour Change in Dementia

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Care Partners (family and friends) providing direct care to people living with dementia are 1.6 times more likely to report distress if the person they are supporting is experiencing behaviour changes according to the Canadian Institute for Health Information. These carers are a critical part of the care team and yet they are often not provided education needed to support high quality care and more effectively contribute to the care team. The Alzheimer Society of Ontario has developed a 6‐hour workshop (U‐First!® for Care Partners) for carers who are providing direct support to someone experiencing behaviour changes as a result of dementia or other cognitive impairment. This education is adapted from a similar program for direct health care providers and is intended to increase care partner confidence and skills to understand and respond to behaviour changes in order to i) reduce frequency and severity of behaviour changes; ii) enhance well‐being of care partners and people with dementia; iii) improve collaboration among all team members by creating common knowledge, language and approach to care. The program uses an interactive approach grounded in adult learning theory that has participants reflect on their experiences, engage with new content, practice using a variety of methods and plan how to implement what they have learned. Learners receive a participant workbook and an interactive application tool (U‐First!® Wheel), that helps them to think through potential causes of behaviour changes and supportive care strategies. Evaluation results show lasting impacts. Even at 6 months following completion of the program, participants reported increased ability and confidence to identify, flag and respond to behaviour changes, increased ability to identify risks, increased wellbeing for themselves (including reduced stress) and for the person they are supporting. In addition, they felt the program increased their ability to have positive interactions with the person they are supporting, other care partners and health care providers. Participants with perceived high levels of stress and/or low well‐being prior to the program experienced the greatest benefits in these areas and care partner perceptions of degree of concern about behaviour changes was positively impacted by participation in the program.
RS-25 for the NASA Cargo Launch Vehicle: The Evolution of SSME for Space Exploration

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A key element of the National Vision for Space Exploration is the development of a heavy-lift Cargo Launch Vehicle (CaLV). Missions to the Moon, Mars, and beyond are only possible with the logistical capacity of putting large payloads in low-earth orbit. However, beyond simple logistics, there exists the need for this capability to be as cost effective as possible to ensure mission sustainability. An element of the CaLV project is, therefore, the development of the RS-25, which represents the evolution of the proven Space Shuttle Main Engine (SSME) into a high-performance, cost-effective expendable rocket engine. The development of the RS-25 will be built upon the foundation of over one million seconds of accumulated hot-fire time on the SSME. Yet in order to transform the reusable SSME into the more cost-effective, expendable RS-25 changes will have to be made. Thus the project will inevitably strive to maintain a balance between demonstrated heritage products and processes and the utilization of newer technology developments. Towards that end, the Core Stage Engine Office has been established at the NASA Marshall Space Flight Center to initiate the design and development of the RS-25 engine. This paper is being written very early in the formulation phase of the RS-25 project. Therefore the focus of this paper will be to present the scope, challenges, and opportunities for the RS-25 project. Early schedules and development decisions and plans will be explained. For not only must the RS-25 project achieve cost effectiveness through the development of new, evolved components such as a channel-wall nozzle, a new HIP-bonded main combustion chamber, and several others, it must simultaneously develop the means whereby this engine can be manufactured on a scale never envisioned for the SSME. Thus, while the overall project will span the next eight to ten years, there is little doubt that even this schedule is aggressive with a great deal of work to accomplish.
Measurement of fibronectin concentration in benign and malignant ascites.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Fifty-eight consecutive patients who were admitted to two departments of general surgery with ascites of unknown origin were investigated by measurement of ascitic fluid fibronectin concentration in a prospective study. A fibronectin concentration of 100 ml/l or more was chosen as indicative of malignant disease. In 40 patients with malignant disease, the median fibronectin concentration was 160 mg/l (interquartile range 120-270, range 20-560). In 18 patients with ascites from benign disease the corresponding figures were 40 mg/l (30-70, 20-90) (p less than 0.01). The diagnostic specificity (predictive value of a positive test) was 1.00 (34/34) (95% confidence interval 0.90 to 1.00), while the diagnostic sensitivity (predictive value of a negative test) was 0.75 (18/24) (95% CI 0.53 to 0.90). In this series an ascitic fluid fibronectin concentration of 100 mg/l or more indicated malignant disease, but a lower value did not exclude it. The test should be investigated in combination with another test with high diagnostic sensitivity to optimise its diagnostic value.
Shared Modular Course Development: A Feasibility Study

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This project evaluated the viability of shared course development (SCD) and identified the necessary baseline mechanisms, principles, policies, and procedures for future joint course development collaborations.\nAlthough collaborative course design is still relatively new in Ontario, our institutionally-based project teams identified and researched a number of successful examples from Australia, Canada, Europe, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, and the United States.\nThese successful models demonstrated the transformative possibilities of blended learning, expanded course variety, maintained or enhanced the breadth of course offerings, and reduced institution-specific development costs while maintaining delivery autonomy. They also focused on enhancing student learning and produced momentum for instructional improvement and course re-design among collaborating institutions. This report concludes that there is considerable value to the development of collaborative institutional cultures in and of itself, and that collaborative capacity will become an increasingly important core competency in the more differentiated and change-oriented university sector that is emerging
Photosynthesis of plant régénérants. Specificity ofin vitro conditions and plantlet response

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Regenerants from tobacco(Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. White Burley) leaf segments cultivatedin vitro in vessels with solid agar medium under usual conditions (plantlets) grew under very low irradiance (I = 40 μxmol m−2 s−1), very high relative humidity (more than 90%) and decreased CO2 concentration (ca) during light period. In comparison with seedlings of a similar number of leaves and similar total leaf area grown in sand and nutrient solution, the plantlets had lower dry mass of shoots and roots per plant and thinner leaves almost without trichomes and epicuticular waxes. Due to a low transpiration rate under high relative humidity the water potential of plantlet leaves was higher than that of seedling leaves and the difference in water potential between leaves and medium was lowei. The rate of water loss from leaves detached from plantlets was considerably faster than that from seedlings under the same conditions (I = 110 μrnol m−2; s−1, temperature 30 °C, relative humidity 50 %). Net photosynthetie rates (Pn) of leaves of plantlets and seedlings measured under saturating I, natural ca and the leaf temperature 20 °C were similar, nevertheless the shape of curves relating Pn to c» indicated some differences in photosynthetie parameters(e.g. saturation of Pn under lower ca> higher CO2 compensation concentration in plantlets than in seedlings). Similarly compensation and saturating I were lower in plantlets than in seedlings. The shape of transpiration curves as well as the expressive linear phases of PN(ca) and PN(I) curves of plantlet leaves indicated ineffective stomatal control of gas exchance. These results were confirmed by microscopic observations of stomatal movementsin situ
Clinical applications of gonadotropin-releasing hormone and gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogs.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Investigations have proved the clinical importance of hypothalmic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and its agonistic and antagonistic analogs. A pulsatile pattern of stimulation of specific receptors in the anterior pituitary gonadotrope has been shown to activate pituitary-gonadal function; continuous administration inhibits it. Clinical research has shown promising results in the induction of ovulation using the pulsatile pattern of GnRH administration in patients with hypogonadotropic amenorrhea. Attempts to use GnRH and its agonists to activate the pituitary-gonadal system in patients with idiopathic delayed puberty has proved logistically impractical because of the duration of treatment required to achieve sexual maturation. Treatment of cryptorchidism by intranasal administration 6 times daily for 4 weeks resulted in complete descent in 38% of the 48 boys and partial descent in 28%. For GnRH nonresponders, sequential treatment with human chorionic gonadotropin produced an 86.2% success rate. Because of the ability of GnRH agonists to reversibly suppress the pituitary-gonadal axis without side effects, it can be used in diseases mediated by gonadal steroids. Successful halting of precocious puberty through the administration of GnRH to suppress the nocturnal release of gonadotropin has been demonstrated. Unlike treatment with progestational agents, no side effects are discerned. Continuous administration of GnRH agonist in patients with endometriosis reduces ovarian estrogens and androgens to castration levels, mimicking an ovariectomy. This castration effect highlights the potential use of GnRH agonists in the treatment of metastatic breast cancer. The use of GnRH agonists for the treatment of androgen-dependent prostatic carcinoma has induced clinical improvement with nonmetastatic stage 3 disease and pain relief in metastic stage D disease. In polycystic ovary syndrome, administration of GnRH agonist shows promising results. As a potential contraceptive, GnRH agonists have not yet demonstrated practical advantages. The actions under study include: ovulation inhibition, luteolysis induction, induction of luteal phase defect and reduction of testosterone production. Numerous antagonistic analogs of GnRH have been synthesized and have shown some potential contraceptive effects in animal studies.