jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Belford's Divergence: or, is industrial archaeology relevant in an AONB?

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This is a visual abstract for a conference paper at the Theoretical Archaeology Group conference 2018 (Chester). The convener of the conference session 'Steaming Plant or Steam Punk? Researching Industrial Archaeology and Heritage in the 21st Century', Mike Nevell, referred to the conference (2008) and published volume (2009) 'Crossing Paths or Sharing Tracks? Future directions in the archaeological study of post-1550 Britain and Ireland'. Mike asked participants to consider, how relevant or understood is industrial archaeology and heritage in the second decade of the 21st century? The session also considered barriers to engagement in industrial archaeology, and asked if archaeologists have moved beyond simply recording data towards providing explanations for industrialisation, amongst other questions. My paper looked back to Paul Belford's article of ten years ago, given at that conference and published in 2009, in which Paul called for industrial archaeologists to apply their research to pressing present-day issues including pollution, population movement, the consequences of colonialism and capitalism, for example. In response to both Paul's paper and Mike's invitation, I looked at the relevance of industrial archaeology to the twenty-first century by focussing on rural landscapes, and specifically Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty.
Which one is more affected by navigation-assisted cup positioning in total hip arthroplasty: Anteversion or inclination? A retrospective matched-pair cohort study in Asian physique

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to compare acetabular cup positioning using an imageless navigation-assisted total hip arthroplasty (THA) to a case-matched control group using the conventional technique in Asian physique. Methods: Case matching controlled study using retrospectively collected data for THAs was done. Matching criteria were gender, age ± 5 years, and body mass index ± 5 kg/m 2 . Thirty patients who had navigation THAs were manually matched to a conventional group of 30 patients. After measuring anteversion and inclination on 3-D CT, final cup anteversion was calculated using the mathematical formula (anteversion = arctan [tan (anatomic anteversion) × sin (inclination)]). Results: No significant difference was observed between mean inclination ( p = 0.420), anteversion ( p = 0.697), and the mean deviation from 15° for anteversion ( p = 0.649). However, there was a statistical significant difference for mean deviation from 40° for inclination ( p = 0.027). There was a significant difference in the percentage of correctly placed acetabular cup in safe zones with inclination ( p = 0.039). Conclusions: Although soft tissue overlying the pubic tubercle interfered with registration of the bony landmark and thereby induced inaccuracy of anteversion angles in the navigation group, the use of imageless navigation-assisted technique increases the placement within the safe zone for inclination and enhances the accuracy and the precision of inclination of the acetabular cup relative to the conventional THA rather than anteversion. This finding may be due to the effect of the patient’s physique on the anterior pelvic plane (APP)-based reference system of imageless navigation.
Military Health: DOD's Vaccine Healthcare Centers Network

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Members of the military have long been required to receive immunizations.1 The Department of Defense (DOD) estimates that over 2.2 million servicemembers2 receive at least one mandatory immunization annually. Immunizations are provided through the administration of vaccines, which contain "antigens"or parts of a specific virus or bacterium that are used to trigger an immune response to protect the body from disease. DOD's immunization requirements vary depending on several factors, such as a servicemember's branch of military service, location, age, and type of personnel, such as newly enlisted recruits, those conducting high-risk travel, and reserve forces.
Self‐Calibration Temperature Sensing and Color Tunable Emission in a Bimetallic Lanthanide Metal–Organic Framework

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

ABSTRACT Temperature in various scientific and industrial applications requires accurate detection and measurement. Herein, a range of novel isostructural lanthanide‐based metal–organic frameworks (Ln‐MOFs), [Eu x Tb 2−x (3,5‐pdc) 3 (phen) 2 (H 2 O) 2 ] n (x = 0, Tb‐MOF ; x = 2, Eu‐MOF ; x = 0.002, 0.010, 0.020, 0.040, 0.080, Eu x Tb 2−x ‐MOF ), were solvothermally synthesized using 3,5‐pyridinedicarboxylic acid (3,5‐H 2 pdc) and 1,10‐phenanthroline (phen) as ligands. Based on binuclear second building units, Ln‐MOFs exhibited 2D layered structure with sql topology. The luminescent properties of series Ln‐MOFs show systematic tuning shifted from green to red by adjusting the ratio of Eu 3+ to Tb 3+ . The temperature sensing experiments showed that Eu 0.020 Tb 1.980 ‐MOF exhibited self‐calibration temperature response in a range of 293–413 K, achieving maximum relative sensitivity ( S r ) 2.46%·K −1 at 413 K, outscoring many state‐of‐the‐art temperature sensors reported in literature. This study poses great promise of the newly designed Eu 0.020 Tb 1.980 ‐MOF for the ultra‐sensitive temperature sensing in diverse and large‐scale applications.
The Home Market for American Agriculture

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The total value of all farm products at the farm for the crop year 1927-28 was $12,253,000,000, excluding products fed to livestock and used for seed. The exports, at export prices, for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1928, were $1,816,000,000. Reduced to a common basis of valuation, these exports would equal about 12 per cent of the total. Thus 88 per cent of the production of our farms in 1927-28 found a market at home. About a fifth was consumed by the farm families on the same farms where produced. The imports of agricultural products in the fiscal year 1928 totaled $1,880,000,000, exceeding the exports by $64,000,000. Table I gives comparable data for the preceding six years. Perhaps imports are slowly gaining on exports. Similar data for forest products are needed to complete the picture. The principal item in imports of forest products is rubber, representing $312,300,000 in 1928.
Unmanned Combat Aerial Vehicles: Transformation of the USAF

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract : The United States military should explore multiple types of Unmanned combat Air Vehicles (UCAVs) to deal with the realities of casualty aversion and increasing battlefield lethality, but should procure simple and expendable platforms now while developing more sophisticated, high technology unmanned strike aircraft for the future. There are several reasons to adopt unmanned attack aircraft. Casualty aversion and increasing lethality of ground based air defense are the most prevalent. There is a strong requirement for all services to address these issues as they develop new technologies and look to the lessons of Desert Storm, and Kosovo. Emerging design technology coupled with a proliferation of real time intelligence information is making manned attack aircraft obsolete and too expensive. Of course, there are arguments against UCAVs; they may be technologically unworkable, decrease operational flexibility, increase fratricide risk and may be unnecessary given other similar weapons or even space based weaponry. The arguments for UCAVs outweigh the ones against; however, we must ensure that tactical, expendable UCAVs are developed in conjunction with other manned weapons systems and new munitions. The USAF should pioneer the eventual development of a sophisticated long range UCAV, while all services pursue less expensive unmanned platforms to meet service requirements.
ASSOCIATION OF CYP2D6 GENE POLYMORPHISMWITH FLUOXETINE INDUCED ADVERSE REACTIONSIN PATIENTS WITH MAJOR DEPRESSION

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

This study rigorously explores the intricate relationship between geneticpolymorphisms within the CYP2D6 gene, and the manifestation of adverse drug reactions induced by fluoxetine in individuals diagnosed with MDD. MDD represents a debilitating and challenging condition with a multifaceted etiology, encompassing genetic predisposition as a contributing factor. Nevertheless, a frequently recommended antidepressant that is the response to fluoxetine differs notably amongpeople. This variability results in the attribution to genetic variations in the gene encoding an enzyme CYP2D6 that is essential for the metabolism of fluoxetine. In this study, we intend to delve into the connection among CYP2D6 gene polymorphisms and adverse drug reactions to fluoxetine as well as evaluate the effect on productiveness of fluoxetine in MDD, and to inquire into their impact on the antidepressant effect of fluoxetine. The study also shows that there is polymorphic CYP2D6 alleles that is connected to an elevated probability of adverse drug reactionsto the fluoxetine, lessening the treatment productiveness, and low enhancement in the depressive symptoms. So, to address this issue the study delves into a sample of MDD patients, encompassing the clinical scales, and genetic testing to evaluate the role of CYP2D6 gene variations in fluoxetine response. The outcomes of this research arewide-ranging. This study also contributes to the evolving field of pharmacogenomics in psychiatry that facilitates the personalized treatment methods for MDD patients. Adverse reactions can be reduced, productivity can be increased, and patient safety can be improved by changing medication choices and doses based on geneticinformation. So, this research thus inquiries into enhance the standard of life and welfare of individuals who are struggling with this MDD.
Development Aid

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract Human development is a matter of complex interactions between nutritional regimes, genes, educational regimes, and other diverse developmental resources. There is no ethically salient difference between the contributions made to development by genes and the contributions made by these other resources. Since we think that nutrition and schooling should be included in the calculus of distributive justice, we should include at least some genes in this calculus too. What is more, under the right circumstances genetic engineering may become a useful tool for the distribution of developmental resources. This said, attention to the parity of genetic and environmental causation can also help to articulate the legitimate suspicions many groups have of genetic engineering.
A Statistical Analysis of Fracture Toughness of Irradiated Low-Alloy Steel Plate and Welds

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Studies of the effects of neutron irradiation on fracture toughness properties of steels have generally included a minimum number of tests for each material condition. The present study attempts to apply statistical analyses with multiple testing at selected temperatures to assess the accuracy and reliability of the results. Fracture toughness test specimens were irradiated in the Bulk Shielding Reactor at Oak Ridge National Laboratory at 288°C to target neutron fluences of 2 × 1023 n/m2 (&gt;1 MeV). The materials were ASTM A533 Grade B Class 1 plate (HSST Plate 02) and four submerged-arc welds representing current nuclear pressure vessel fabrication practice. Both unirradiated and irradiated specimens were tested by two separate laboratories, and multiple tests were conducted at selected temperatures. Statistical analyses permitted determination of material and test variability and an interlaboratory comparison. Behavior in both the transition and upper-shelf regions was studied.
Black/African Americans Experience Disparate Outcomes after Lower Extremity Orthopaedic Injury Evaluation in U.S. Emergency Departments

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Category: Trauma; Other Introduction/Purpose: Racial and ethnic disparities remain a major problem in orthopaedic surgery, driving inequitable resource distribution, disparate clinical outcomes, and increased healthcare costs. The objective of this study was to investigate potential racial/ethnic disparities in the incidence and injury patterns of orthopaedic lower extremity trauma (LET) in the U.S. over the last 10 years, as well as differences in final disposition outcomes. Methods: The National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) database was queried for all orthopaedic LET presenting to U.S Emergency Departments (ED) from 2010–2020. Incidence rate ratios (IRR) were used to compare incidence rates between racial/ethnic groups at the population level. To compare outcomes specifically among patients with LET, adjusted odds ratios (aOR) were calculated for each racial/ethnic group using multivariate logistic regression. Results: Black/African Americans (Black/AAs) consistently experienced the highest incidence of LET over the ten-year period analyzed (709.108 per 100,000 person-years), followed by Whites (547.159 per 100,000 person-years) (Figure 1). Furthermore, Black/AAs had the highest incidence of polytrauma (114.19 per 100,000 person-years), over 1.7x greater than Whites (IRR: 1.73 [95% CI: 1.72–1.75]). Black/AAs had over 2-fold higher odds of death after LET compared to Whites (aOR 2.15 [95% CI: 1.78– 2.59]) (Figure 2). By 2019–2020, the incidence of deaths among Black/AAs reached more than triple that of Whites (IRR: 3.50 [95% CI: 2.74–4.46]). Black/AAs were also the most likely to be discharged AMA (aOR: 1.94 [95% CI: 1.92–1.96]), and the least likely to be admitted as inpatients (aOR: 0.683 [95% CI: 0.679–0.688]). Conclusion: Despite Black/AAs experiencing a disproportionately higher incidence of LET and over 2-fold greater odds of death compared to Whites, they were also the most likely to be discharged AMA and least likely to be admitted as inpatients. Improved patient education and more effective communication may help ensure that injuries in this patient population are not prematurely discharged, potentially improving clinical outcomes and reducing mortality.
Five lives in music: women performers, composers, and impresarios from the Baroque to the present

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Representing a historical cross-section of performance and training in Western music since the seventeenth century, Five Lives in Music brings to light the private and performance lives of five remarkable women musicians and composers. Elegantly guiding readers through the Thirty Years War in central Europe, elite courts in Germany, urban salons in Paris, Nazi control of Germany and Austria, and American musical life today, as well as personal experiences of marriage, motherhood, and widowhood, Cecelia Hopkins Porter provides valuable insights into the culture in which each woman was active. Porter begins with the Duchess Sophie-Elisabeth of Braunschweig-Lueneberg, a harpsichordist who also presided over seventeenth-century North German court music as an impresario. At the forefront of French Baroque composition, composer Elisabeth-Claude Jacquet de La Guerre bridged a widening cultural gap between the Versailles nobility and the urban bourgeoisie of Paris. A century later, Josephine Lang, a prodigiously talented pianist and dedicated composer, participated at various times in the German Romantic world of lieder through her important arts salon. Lastly, the twentieth century brought forth two exceptional women: Baroness Maria Bach, a composer and pianist of twentieth-century Vienna's upper bourgeoisie and its brilliant musical milieu in the era of Gustav Mahler, Richard Strauss, Arnold Schoenberg, and Erich Korngold; and Ann Schein, a brilliant and dauntless American piano prodigy whose career, ongoing today though only partially recognized, led her to study with the legendary virtuosos Arthur Rubinstein and Myra Hess. Mining musical autographs, unpublished letters and press reviews, interviews, and music archives in the United States and Europe, Porter probes each musician's social and economic status, her education and musical training, the cultural expectations within the traditions and restrictions of each woman's society, and other factors. Throughout the lively and focused portraits of these five women, Porter finds common threads, both personal and contextual, that extend to a larger discussion of the lives and careers of female composers and performers throughout centuries of music history.
BEC: A novel routing protocol for balanced energy consumption in Wireless Body Area Networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs) are getting growing interest because of their suitability for wide range of medical and non-medical applications. These applications demand WBAN to stay functional for a longer time which requires energy-efficient operation. In this paper, we propose a new routing protocol for Balanced Energy Consumption (BEC) in WBANs. In BEC, relay nodes are selected based on a cost function. The nodes send their data to their nearest relay nodes to route it to the sink. The nodes closer to the sink send their data directly to it. Furthermore, the nodes send only critical data when their energy becomes less than a specific threshold. In order to distribute the load uniformly, relay nodes are rotated in each round based on a cost function. Simulation results show that BEC achieves 49% increased network lifetime than OINL (On Increasing Network Lifetime) algorithm.
Regional migration in economically lagging territories: a comparative analysis

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Discussion of economically lagging regions tends to emphasise out-migration more so than in-migration, particularly when it comes to the young and the higher-skilled. This may give rise to the expectation that net out-migration is a key feature of regions affected by long-term relative economic decline. In this paper, we examine patterns of residential migration in economically ‘left behind’ regions, as compared to other territories, in the UK, France and Germany with a view to understanding implications for population change in these regions. We find that economically lagging regions are, as a whole, not characterised by net population outflows. In fact, though economically buoyant regions often receive higher numbers of international migrants, rates of net internal in-migration are on average slightly higher in economically lagging regions. This seems to be driven by lower rates of out-migration from these territories, more so than higher rates of in-migration. Economically lagging regions, instead of losing population through net out-migration to other regions, thus tend to be places of relatively low residential regional mobility, with the partial exception of the 18-24 age group. We explore this finding in more detail and discuss theoretical and policy implications.
DIFFERENTIATING “SUSTAINABLE” FROM “ORGANIC” AND “LOCAL” FOOD CHOICES: DOES INFORMATION ABOUT CERTIFICATION CRITERIA HELP CONSUMERS?

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

his paper seeks to estimate the effect of different certification claims on consumer preferences for food labeled as “sustainable”, “organic”, or “local”. The first phase of analysis estimates the effect of information provision about detailed certification standards on choice over eco-labeled food products. The second phase estimates the marginal effect of certification level on the probability of choosing a product with a given label. Finally, the third phase of analysis compares willingness to pay for each eco-label, providing insight into perceived value trade-offs. Results suggest weak differentiation between labels but potential for capturing price premiums with government-backed certification claims
Landslide risk potential mapping by using continuously-weighted spatial criteria and convolution artificial neural network

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Landslides are one of the most dangerous natural phenomena. The occurrence of this phenomenon at low speeds and high rates causes financial and human losses without warning signs. Therefore, it is essential to study the geological and anthropogenic factors affecting the occurrence of this phenomenon and determine the potential landslide zones. This study aims to use a supervised convolutional artificial neural network to model landslide potential. For this, evidence maps of seven effective factors in landslide occurrence, including slope, slope direction, geology, precipitation, distance from the fault, height, and density of waterway, were prepared. Then the values in the maps were assigned by continuous fuzzy weights through a logistic function, without data classification to feed the convolution artificial neural network algorithm. For training the network and testing the results, 70% and 30% of training sites, in Oshvand basin, Hamedan province, Iran were used to generate landslide potential model. A prediction-area plot was used to evaluate and quantify the effectiveness of the models produced. The results showed that 70% of the landslides occurred in 30% of the area.
Comparison and Simulation of Subpixel Imaging Modes for Linear CCD

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Subpixel technique of linear CCD is effective to enhance the spatial resolution without increasing the focal length of optics and reducing the pixel size. To compare image quality of two main subpixel imaging modes, quincunx sampling and four-point sampling, a method to quantitatively evaluate image quality of subpixel based on MTF was proposed. The MTF of quincunx and four-point sampling modes were derived. Analytical results shows that theoretical limiting resolution of quincunx sampling and four-point sampling is improved to 1.4 and 1.86 times respectively, and MTF values at Nyquist frequency of two modes are increased by 0.1106 and 0.1679, respectively. MTFA in (0, 0.5) of two subpixel imaging modes were calculated and results illustrates that four-point sampling offers much more improvement with image quality than quincunx sampling, at the cost of double amount of data. A model for simulating subpixel imaging using Matlab was established, and simulation results of spoke target verify the theoretical analysis.
Analysis of the chirality of [16O,17O,18O] phosphate esters by 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A stereospecific method for cyclising D-glucose 6-[16O,17O,18O]phosphate and adenosine 5′-[16O,17O,18O]-phosphate to their conformationally locked six-membered cyclic phosphate diesters has been developed. Using [16O,17O,18O]phosphate esters of known absolute configuration it is shown by 31P n.m.r. spectroscopy, after esterification to the axial and equatorial triesters, that the cyclisation occurs with inversion of configuration. It is now possible, therefore, to determine the chirality at phosphorus of D-glucose 6-[16O,17O,18O]phosphate and adenosine 5′-[16O,17O,18O]phosphate by this procedure.