jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
One, No One, and One Hundred Thousand: The Many Forms of Ribonucleotides in DNA

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

In the last decade, it has become evident that RNA is frequently found in DNA. It is now well established that single embedded ribonucleoside monophosphates (rNMPs) are primarily introduced by DNA polymerases and that longer stretches of RNA can anneal to DNA, generating RNA:DNA hybrids. Among them, the most studied are R-loops, peculiar three-stranded nucleic acid structures formed upon the re-hybridization of a transcript to its template DNA. In addition, polyribonucleotide chains are synthesized to allow DNA replication priming, double-strand breaks repair, and may as well result from the direct incorporation of consecutive rNMPs by DNA polymerases. The bright side of RNA into DNA is that it contributes to regulating different physiological functions. The dark side, however, is that persistent RNA compromises genome integrity and genome stability. For these reasons, the characterization of all these structures has been under growing investigation. In this review, we discussed the origin of single and multiple ribonucleotides in the genome and in the DNA of organelles, focusing on situations where the aberrant processing of RNA:DNA hybrids may result in multiple rNMPs embedded in DNA. We concluded by providing an overview of the currently available strategies to study the presence of single and multiple ribonucleotides in DNA in vivo.
Challenges Faced by Teachers in Teaching Literacy and Numeracy for Slow Learners

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The current study explored pedagogical strategies carried out by teachers to support special need children in improving their level of literacy and numeracy. The current study utilized qualitative research design where classroom observations were carried out to explore teaching activities used by teachers in teaching language and mathematics. It was then followed by a focus group discussion to identify problems faced by children in numeracy and literacy. This research was carried out in one of the elementary schools in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Data collected was analyzed manually by focusing on the main aspects. Results demonstrated that 27 activities were frequently used by teachers in teaching language and mathematics. Those activities are the common teaching practice for slow learners. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of those practices, a focus group discussion with a group of students was carried out. Results revealed that most students have problems in literacy (spelling, reading complex words, and write long words) and numeracy (counting, subtraction, multiplication and divide). As the common teaching practice was found to have minimal effect on children’s literacy and numeracy, the current study suggests rethinking of a new pedagogical approach for improving literacy and numeracy for slow learners.
Copeptin as a Novel Biomarker of Obesity-Induced Insulin Resistance and Metabolic Syndrome

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The objective of the study was to evaluate whether circulating Copeptin could be used as a novel biomarker associated with measures of insulin resistance and presence of metabolic syndrome in obese individuals. The study was carried out on three groups: G1: Twenty obese individuals with metabolic syndrome, G2: Twenty age-matched obese adults without metabolic syndrome, and G3: control group: Twenty age-matched non obese healthy adult voluntrrers. Both group (1) and (2) were selected to be obese with Body Mass Index (BMI) is greater than 30kg/m2. All groups were subjected to: complete physical examination, assessment of metabolic syndrome criteria according to the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI) and the American Heart Association (AHA), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), fasting insulin, lipid profile, assessment of insulin resistance by HOMA-IR and measurement of plasma Copeptin level using ELISA technique. The results of Plasma Copeptin levels were significantly increased in G1 than the other two groups (median 38.30 ng/ml for G1 vs. 25.and 23.00 in G2 and G3 respectively, P &lt; 0.001). Evident Positive correlation were found between plasma Copeptin level and HOMA-IR, FBG, TG, WC and BMI, and Negative correlation with HDL level (P &lt;0.for HOMA-IR and FPG; P &lt; 0.01 for TG, WC, BMI, and HDL). The area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUC) for Copeptin was 0.79 (95% confidence interval, CI:0.67 to 0.89). Conclusion: Our results suggest that circulating Copeptin could be used as a possible biomarker of obesity-induced insulin resistance that provide diagnostic advantage to measures of metabolic syndrome. Further prospective multi center studies on a large scale of cases are needed. Disclosure S.M.M. Eltabakh: None. M. Zeidan: None. H. Maged: None. M. Zikry: None. M. Khedr: None.
Leveraging Uncertainty: Private gains at public cost by PMEs

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Abstract: Incidences of patent litigation have increased dramatically in recent years. A growing share of this activity is being taken by patent monetization entities (PMEs). Through descriptive statistics and case studies, this article explores the relationship between PMEs, patent litigation and market uncertainty. The lack of rigid judiciary structure within the field of software patenting has left it particularly susceptible to uncertainty. The goal is to incrementally advance the knowledge base
Natural environment analysis

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The influence of terrain features on wind loading of the space shuttle while on the launch pad, or during early liftoff, was investigated both qualitatively and quantitatively. The climatology and meteorology producing macroscale wind patterns and characteristics for the Vandenburg Air Force Base launch site are described. Field test data are analyzed, and the nature and characteristic of flow disturbances due to the various terrain features, both natural and man-made, are reviewed. The magnitude of these wind loads are estimated. Finally, effects of turbulence are discussed. It is concluded that the influence of complex terrain can create significant wind loading on the vehicle.
Occurrence Download

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A dataset containing 1584 species occurrences available in GBIF matching the query: { "and" : [ "BasisOfRecord is Specimen", "DatasetKey is Field Museum of Natural History (Zoology) Mammal Collection", "TaxonKey is Felidae" ] } The dataset includes 1584 records from 1 constituent datasets; see https://api.gbif.org/v1/occurrence/download/0021571-250426092105405/datasets/export for details. Data from some individual datasets included in this download may be licensed under less restrictive terms.
How to Make Android Updating Securer?

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Android is the most popular smartphone operating system in the world. It is open source and allows device manufacturers to customize devices and introduce diversity. Android is open and the security for android is also open. There are many people who focus on and try to improve android security. However, the updating process is not as secure as it is in android. In the paper, we propose a novel android updating model which can help end users update their operation system in time, which may enhance the security of their smartphones and protect users' sensitive information better.
Determination of Antimicrobial, Anticarcinogenic Activity of Bioactive Components of Hypericum Perforatum L. Plant

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Hypericum perforatum L. (St John's wort), although primarily utilized in traditional medicine, is also frequently employed in modern therapy. Within the scope of the study, H. perforatum was collected from Kahramanmaraş region and dried. Extracts derived from above-ground parts were analyzed to determine their levels of total phenolic and flavonoid compounds, as well as their antioxidant, anticancer and antimicrobial properties. Following the GC-MS analysis of the extracts, a total of 18 distinct fatty acids were identified. The main fatty acid components were identified as behenic (37.90 %), linoleic (21.22 %), gamma-linolenic (15.87 %), oleic (9.45 %) and palmitic acid (7.64 %). The plant extracts were found to have a total phenolic content of 60.22 mg GAE g-1 and a flavonoid content of 7.68 µg QE g-1, as determined through analysis. Additionally, FRAP and IC50 values were determined as 26.96 µg AAE g-1 and 0.44 µg mL-1, respectively. The antimicrobial activities of H. perforatum extracts were investigated among a total of 11 microorganisms, including 9 bacteria and 2 yeasts. It has been observed that extracts possess significant antimicrobial activity against all tested microorganisms. H. perforatum extracts were observed to have dose-dependent inhibition of all organisms. It was observed that H. perforatum extracts killed cancer cells at concentrations of 0.1 mg mL-1 and above on H1299, MCF-7 and HUVEC cancer cell lines.
Dynamic strategies for fixed-income investment

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The last 30 years have witnessed an enormous growth in fixed-income markets. How long-term fixed-income strategies should be implemented for the welfare of investors has become a major concern of bond managers. This study makes use of stochastic optimal control to formulate a multi-period portfolio selection model and implements it using backward recursion algorithm to find numerically the optimal allocation of wealth between long- and short-term bonds for an investor with power utility and an investment horizon of 10 years. By way of a technical manipulation, this study uses the fact that the long rate and the spread (difference between long rate and short rate) are uncorrelated to simplify model formulation and parameter estimation. The results show that an investor would increase his/her holding of short-term bond if his/her investment horizon becomes shorter or if he/she is more risk averse, or both.
Relation between maximal acid output of stomach and lean body mass.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

gestive heart failure and Cushing's syndrome it is unusual to have any obvious rhythm.ADDENDUM.-Sincesubmitting this paper for publication two reports have appeared of plasma cortisol values in depres- sive illness.Doig et al. (1966) have reported levels at 24.00, 03.00, and 06.00 hours and found a significant difference from controls only at 06.00 hours.Bridges and Jones (1966) have shown in their patients that between 09.30 and 21.30 hours a significant fall in plasma cortisol occurs, as in the depressives we have studied, though the mean values were higher than in our group of patients.We are grateful to Professor C. B.
Ubiquitous Equipment on a Plastic Surgery Ward: An Infection Risk?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Conroy, F J. M.R.C.S.; Whitaker, I S. M.A. Cantab., M.B.B.Chir.; Sohal, A S. F.R.C.Path.; Fourie, L R. M.Med., F.C.S.(S.A.)(Plast.), F.R.C.S. Author Information
Hydrogenation of α-methylstyrene linear dimers in the presence of Pd- and Ni-containing catalysts

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Hydrogenation of α-methylstyrene linear dimers and of 4-methyl-2,4-diphenylpentane on commercial Pd-containing and Ni (GM-3 grade) catalysts was studied under the following conditions: T = 75–190°C, P(H2) = 0.2–0.8 MPa, G c = 2.5–10 wt %, and τ = 1–4 h.
Truss Bridge Rehabilitation Using Steel Arches

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

There are many bridges in North America that are inadequate for modern traffic loads because of deterioration or insufficient original design strength, or both. Although many of these bridges do not meet the present standards for roadway width and other geometrical considerations, they are serving well, probably because of low traffic volumes on these bridges. Thus, rehabilitation and reinforcement, rather than replacement of these bridges, can be very cost‐effective. This paper describes a reinforcement system suitable for many through truss bridges, particularly those built around the turn of the century. The reinforcement system investigated consists of superimposed arches with additional hangers and additional floor beams. This reinforcement was implemented on a one‐seventh (1:7) scale model of a steel truss bridge. A series of static load tests was conducted on the reinforced model to determine the effectiveness of the reinforcement system. The test results indicate that the reinforcement system is very effective to the extent that the model was still stable even after severing the bottom chords in one panel of the bridge model.
Inhibition of Microglia Over-activation Restores Neuronal Survival in a Mouse Model of CDKL5&nbsp;Deficiency Disorder

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract BackgroundCDKL5 Deficiency Disorder (CDD), a severe neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by early-onset epilepsy, intellectual disability, and autistic features, is caused by mutations in the CDKL5 gene. Evidence in animal models of CDD showed that absence of CDKL5 negatively affects neuronal survival, as well as neuronal maturation and dendritic outgrowth; however, knowledge of the substrates underlying these alterations is still limited. Neuro-inflammatory processes are known to contribute to neuronal dysfunction and death. Recent evidence shows a subclinical chronic inflammatory status in plasma from CDD patients. However, to date, it is unknown whether a similar inflammatory status is present in the brain of CDD patients and, if so, whether this plays a causative or exacerbating role in the pathophysiology of CDD. MethodsWe evaluated microglia activation using AIF-1 immunofluorescence, proinflammatory cytokine expression and signaling in the brain of a mouse model of CDD, the Cdkl5 KO mouse, which is characterized by an impaired survival of hippocampal neurons that worsens with age. Hippocampal neuron survival was determined by DCX, NeuN and cleaved caspase-3 immunostaining in Cdkl5 KO mice treated with luteolin (10 mg/kg), a natural anti-inflammatory flavonoid. Since hippocampal neurons of Cdkl5 KO mice exhibit increased susceptibility to excitotoxic stress, we evaluated neuronal survival in Cdkl5 KO mice injected with NMDA (60 mg/kg) after a 7-day treatment with luteolin. ResultsWe found increased microglial activation in the brain of the Cdkl5 KO mouse. We found alterations in microglial cell morphology and number, increased levels of AIF-1 and proinflammatory cytokines, and activation of STAT3 signaling. Remarkably, treatment with luteolin recovers microglia alterations as well as neuronal survival and maturation in Cdkl5 KO mice, and prevents the increase in NMDA-induced cell death in the hippocampus. ConclusionsOur results suggest that neuro-inflammatory processes contribute to the pathogenesis of CDD and imply the potential usefulness of luteolin as a treatment option in CDD patients.
Ultrasonographic and hormonal characterization of reproductive health and disease in wild, semiwild, and aquarium-housed southern stingrays (Hypanus americanus)

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Abstract OBJECTIVE To characterize physical examination, plasma biochemical, and ultrasonographic findings in aquarium-housed, managed semiwild, and wild southern stingrays ( Hypanus americanus ) with and without reproductive disease. ANIMALS Southern stingrays from aquarium (n = 48), lagoon (managed semiwild; 34), and wild (12) habitats. PROCEDURES Limited, opportunistic prosections were performed of presumed anatomically normal wild southern stingrays and compared with findings for aquarium-housed stingrays with reproductive disease. Ultrasonographic video data from both groups were used to assign a score (1 to 5) indicating increasing severity of ovarian and uterine reproductive disease. Plasma total 17β-estradiol, estrone, progesterone, and testosterone concentrations were measured with enzyme immunoassays validated for use in southern stingrays. RESULTS Ultrasonographic ovarian scores were significantly correlated with uterine scores. No reproductive disease was detected in semiwild or wild stingrays, but 65% (31/48) of aquarium-housed stingrays had developing or advanced reproductive disease (ie, ultrasonographic ovarian or uterine score of 4 or 5). Significant correlations were identified between ovarian and uterine disease status and plasma concentrations of all steroid hormones except testosterone. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Findings suggested that ultrasonography and plasma hormone concentrations may be useful in the identification of reproductive disease and determination of disease severity in southern stingrays.
Real-time Vehicle Pose Measurement Technology based on Multi-sensor Information Fusion

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract To achieve vehicle unmanned driving, it is necessary to obtain the exact position and posture of the vehicle in real time. To get accuracy position and attitude information, multiple different sensors will be used.However, it’s difficult to deal with the collected information and to integrate the relevant data.This article first introduces the method of obtaining measurement data when using encoder, inertial navigation system and GPS alone.Secondly, using the INS/GPS loose combination system to design a multi-sensor information fusion method.In order to verify the accuracy of the method, a multi-body dynamics simulation model was established and a test bench was built.The simulation and experimental results show that the proposed method can well fuse multi-sensor data and accurately obtain the real-time position and attitude of the vehicle body.
Biyoakif madde hiperisinin tıbbi bir bitki olan hypericum perforatum (sarı kantaron) dan temel kromatografik yöntemlerle izolasyonu

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Medicinal plants which have been widely used in folk medicine are known to contain important biologically active compounds. Most of today̕s synthetic drug raw materials are to be prepared by using plant originated compounds as the starting material. Hypericum Perforatum is one of the medicinal plants that grows in Europe, Western Asia and Northern Africa and is distinguished by its golden yellow flowers. The common name of the plant is St. John̕s wort. From the time of the ancient Greeks down through the middle Ages, the plant was considered to be imbued with magical powers and was used to ward off evil and protect against disease. As a practical folk-remedy, it has been used widely to heal wounds, remedy kidney troubles, and alleviate nervous disorders, even insanity. In the last thirty years, Hypericum perforatum has undergone extensive clinical and laboratory testing. The extract of the flower is a red liquid that contains many biologically active compounds such as: naphtodianthrones (hypericin, pseudohypericin), phloroglucinols (hyperforin, adhyperforin), flavonoids (quercetin, hyperoside, quercitrin, isoquercitrin, rutin, campferol, myricetin, amentofloavone), procyanidins (procyanidin, catechin, epicatechin polymers) , tannins (tannic acid), essential oils (terpenes, alcohols), amino acids (GABA, Cysteine, glutamine, leucine, lysine, ornithine, praline, threonine), phenyl propanes (caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid), xanthones (keilcorin, norathriol), organic acids peptides and polysaccharides (other water soluble compounds). These compounds have previously been isolated using HPLC method. The aim of this study is to isolate the main biologically active compound groups of Hypericum Perforatum and simply characterize the compounds with TLC, UV-VIS spectroscopy, NMR spectroscopy using standard compounds as references.
Effects of Initial Establishment Practice on the Subsequent Productivity of Apple Stoolbeds

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

SummaryProduction of clonal M.9a stool shoots during a five-year period was adversely affected by establishing stoolbeds with plants below the size acceptable as liners for budding (length approximately 60 cm). Allowing plants to establish for two seasons before being cut down for stooling did not improve production. The size of the permanent root systems at the end of the experiment reflected differences in the initial size of planting material. Production from the more prolific clone MM.111 was much less affected by the size of plant used to establish the beds. It is suggested that for the less vigorous M.9a, severe annual pruning and late development of roots each year on the stool shoots prevented resources from accumulating to the benefit of the mother stool.
CEO Power and Compensation in Financially Distressed Firms

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

We study the changes in CEO power and compensation that arise when firms go through financial distress. We use a matching estimator to identify suitable controls and estimate the causal effects of financial distress for a sample of U.S. public companies from 1992 to 2005. We document that, relative to those in control firms, the CEOs of distressed firms experience significant reductions in total compensation; the bulk of this reduction derives from the decline in value of new grants of stock options. These results hold not only for incumbent CEOs but also, surprisingly, for newly hired CEOs. Financial distress has important consequences on corporate governance, decreasing managerial influence over the board. We find that, among distressed firms, there is a significant decrease in the proportion of CEOs holding board chairmanship, and in the fractions of executives serving as directors or in the compensation committee of the board. We also show that periods of financial distress are associated with a decrease in opportunistic timing behavior of stock option awards. The results are suggestive of a link between managerial power and executive compensation.
The Influences of Stellar Activity on Planetary Atmospheres

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract On evolutionary timescales, the atmospheres of planets evolve due to interactions with the planet's surface and with the planet's host star. Stellar X-ray and EUV (=’XUV’) radiation is absorbed high in the atmosphere, driving photochemistry, heating the gas, and causing atmospheric expansion and mass loss. Atmospheres can interact strongly with the stellar winds, leading to additional mass loss. In this review, I summarise some of the ways in which stellar output can influence the atmospheres of planets. I will discuss the importance of simultaneously understanding the evolution of the star's output and the time dependent properties of the planet's atmosphere.