jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Extrusion processing of Al–Li–Mg–Zr alloy

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The hot deformation behaviour of an Al–Li–Mg–Zr alloy was characterised in hot torsion and extrusion. The alloy was found to have similar hot ductility to existing high strength aluminium alloys, but this could be maintained at higher temperatures. Billets were extruded over a range of process conditions and a limit diagram was constructed for surface cracking. All the extrusions were found to be partially recrystallised after deformation, but the volume fraction of recrystallisation was a strong function of billet temperature and extrusion ratio. In addition, the unrecrystallised areas contained a recovered substructure where the subgrain size was inversely proportional to the temperature compensated strain rate. The as extruded structure was retained during solution treatment and as a result final mechanical properties were strongly dependent on the extrusion conditions. The use of high billet temperatures and low extrusion ratios gave the best combination of strength and toughness.MST/839
How Do We Learn Now? Pluralising Urban Pedagogies in the COVID-19 Pandemic

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Since 2020, pedagogues and learners in the field of urban planning and practice have rapidly responded to new demands and realities posed by the COVID-19 pandemic. These have included shifting the modes and sites of learning from classrooms to screens, developing new programmes to build urgently required local capacities, fostering partnerships and platforms that sustain remote ways of learning together, and facilitating multi-sensorial and inclusive learning practices. This plurality of pedagogic adaptation and innovation suggests complex and nuanced relations with urban (in)equality, going beyond the dominant narrative of the digital divide and distributive inequalities in higher education. This article reflects on three experiences of critical pedagogies undertaken by researchers and activists, social movements and organised civil society from India, Brazil and Argentina. As the impacts of the pandemic on the nexus between urban practice and pedagogy unfold, we argue that these reflexions-in-action on decisions made, along with their underlying principles, are important stimuli for pluralising questions of what, where, with whom and how we learn to respond to urban inequalities. Moreover, they open nuanced discussions to strategically reimagine future hybrid learning trajectories to support pathways to urban equality.
Transient Spontaneous Remission

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A GREAT deal of interest in congenital leukemia exists, several features of which differ from leukemia in later life. Thus, a disproportionately large number of cases have myelogenous leukemia, and the disease has been observed in far greater number than expected by chance in children with Down's syndrome (mongolism) and other chromosomal anomalies. The general impression of the disease is that of a rapid downhill course, 1-6 but there have been a number of apparent spontaneous remissions or even spontaneous cures in infants with Down's syndrome. 7-14 We report a patient with a normal karyotype, who satisfied the usual diagnostic criteria for congenital leukemia, but who had a transient spontaneous reversal of her symptoms for a period of eight months. Report of a Case The child was born to a 19-year-old unwed mother, para 1, gravida 1, having ABO blood group A positive, after a full pregnancy. The pregnancy was
Comedy and the critics: A survey of the reception of Dickens's comic fiction 1836-1906

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This study examines the critical reception of Dickens's comedy, from 1836 to 1906 and, in separate chapters, discusses four major critical concerns. The central demand of the critics is that fiction should be somehow true to human experience, and Dickens's comic scenes and characters do not always receive the critics ' approval. When the demand is rigidly enforced, Dickens's work is rejected as exaggeration and caricature, but his comedy forces many critics to relax their restrictions, and there are a number of more flexible approaches which recognise in his work some kind of comic heightening of reality. At best, his comedy is felt to be a kind of idealism which requires a high degree of imaginative involvement, and towards the end of the period there is a feeling that what he lacks in realism seems to be compensated for by the originality and vividness of his art. There is some unease among the critics that comedy may do no more than amuse readers, and early critics in particular constantly point the moral of his humour and praise the satires for their practical effectiveness. There is later some disillusionment with Dickens's role as a moral teacher and reformer, and especially after his death, his alleged over-concern for effect is felt to be clumsy and unintelligent. An increasing desire for intellectual satisfaction leads some critics to reject him as an overemotional writer who at best cheers his leaders but offers them no "philosophy," Only a few critics in the period claim for him any weightier intellectual appeal. There is much interest in the author as a person, and his moral qualities and faculties of mind are often deduced from his works. He is always popular as a genial lover of his fellowmen, but to a section of the critics he appears uncultured and lacking in the intellectual power required to be more than a mere humorist. Forster's biography reveals new personal details and helps perpetuate the kind of criticism which insists on explaining the literary in terms of the author's character and experience. Dickens's comedy is generally felt to be a highly personal art, both in its successes and in its failures. Much of the criticism is ultimately directed at an evaluation of Dickens's stature as a writer. The majority of the critics agree that he is a great comic writer, but his stature as an artist is often held in doubt. He is recognised as being excellent in his own field of comedy, but there is often a feeling that a comic artist is not, after all, a serious artist. Each chapter works towards Chesterton's Charles Dickens (1906) because he is the most important of the critics who insist on the seriousness of Dickens's art yet do not lose sight of its essential comic nature. In a sense, the study works back from 1906 to discover what previous critics had said about the comedy of Dickens, but in a sense too, it works forward from 1836 to show that what concerned early critics is still of concern in Chesterton's time.
The Evolutionary Biology of Human Neurodevelopment

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

This chapter discusses the field of evo-neuro-devo, an emerging discipline that focuses on how human neurodevelopment, and risk for psychiatric conditions mediated by neurodevelopment. It overviews segregating genetic variation, and de novo (new germline) mutations, provide novel insights into human neurodevelopmental gene functions, including effects from pleiotropy, polygenic inheritance, and developmental-genetic convergence. The chapter addresses how are the causes and phenotypes of the primary human neurodevelopmental conditions, especially autism and schizophrenia, related to recent neurodevelopmental and cognitive changes in human evolutionary history. It focuses on how genetic factors that cause changes in the rate and timing patterns of neurodevelopmental events, and associated psychological phenotypes, are involved in autism spectrum conditions and schizophrenia. The chapter describes a "developmental heterochronic" model for helping to explain the genetic bases of these two conditions, and connect the model with heterochronic change in human ancestry.
ANALISIS DETERMINAN TINGKAT KEMISKINAN DI KABUPATEN SUMBAWA

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This research aims to study the determinants of poverty levels in Sumbawa Regency which consist of economic growth, human development index and unemployment, both partially and simultaneously. The type of this research is causal associative with a quantitative approach. The type of data used is a quantitative obtained from secondary sources using the documentation method. The data that has been collected will be processed using the SPSS program for further study using techniques, including multiple linear regression analysis, partial hypothesis testing (t test), simultaneous hypothesis testing (F test), and determining the coefficient of determination (R2). The results of the data analysis show that partially economic growth and the human development index have no effect on the poverty rate in Sumbawa Regency, while unemployment has a negative and significant effect on the poverty rate in Sumbawa Regency. Simultaneously, economic growth, human development index, and unemployment have a significant effect on the poverty rate in Sumbawa Regency. The ability of the variables of economic growth, human development index, and unemployment to vary changes in the poverty rate variable in Sumbawa Regency is 82.5%, while the remaining 17.5% is influenced by other variables outside this research model, such as education that is too low, lazy to work, limited natural resources, limited employment opportunities, limited capital, and family burdens.
Low And High Intensity Endurance Exercise Training Does Not Significantly Alter The Apolipoprotein-b/Apoliporotienal Ratio In Hypercholesterolemic Men

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Information presented at the recent European Society for Cardiology meeting suggests the ratio of apolipoprotein-B to apolipoprotein-A1 to be a significant predictor of myocardial infarction. PURPOSE To determine if high or moderate intensity endurance exercise training alters the apolipoprotein-B/apolipoprotein-Al ratio in men with high total cholesterol. METHODS Twenty six hypercholesterolemic men (mean cholesterol 258 mg/dl; age 47yrs; weight 81.9 kg) completed 24 weeks of cycle ergometer training (3 days/wk, 350 kcal/session) at randomly assigned high (n = 12) or moderate (n = 14) intensity (80% and 50% maximal O2 uptake). Lipid, apolipoprotein, and other physiological measurements were made at 0, 8, 16, and 24 weeks. Data were analyzed using a 2X4 repeated measures ANOVA with subjects nested according to exercise intensity. Comparisonwise error rate was set at 0.05. RESULTS Training induced changes in the apo-B/Apo-Al ratio were absent in both the moderate and high intensity groups. Mean ratios (std dev) for the high intensity group across the 4 assessments were .66(.20), .69(.15), .71(.19), .69(.17) respectively. Likewise, ratios for the moderate intensity group were .81(.14), .71(.13), .71(.12), .74(.12). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that endurance exercise training of high and moderate intensities does not significantly alter the apolipoprotein-B/apolipoprotein-Al ratio. It should be noted, however, that ratios for both groups at all time points exceeded the recommended value of .5 or less, implying that all of our hypercholerolemic subjects were at an elevated risk for myocardial infarction.
Nonsurgical Cure of Endocarditis Associated With a Pacemaker

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Endocarditis associated with the use of a transvenous pacemaker electrode remains an infrequent occurrence in spite of the increasing numbers of such pacemakers being utilized. However, when it does occur, endocarditis in such a setting poses a serious therapeutic dilemma. Eradication of infection is extremely difficult without removal of the foreign body, but since transvenous pacemakers usually become fixed to the endocardial surface with passage of time, their removal may require major intracardiac surgery. This report illustrates endocarditis in a patient with two transvenous pacemaker electrodes, in whom an apparent cure has been obtained with the use of combined antibiotic therapy without removal of either electrode.

PATIENT SUMMARY

A 59-year-old man was admitted to the Albuquerque Veterans Administration Hospital in November 1973, with complaints of shaking chills and temperature elevation of eight weeks' duration. These febrile episodes occurred sporadically and infrequently until two weeks prior to admission, at which
Roads to Paradise - †Alison Goddard Elliott: Roads to Paradise. Reading the Lives of the Early Saints. Pp. xvi + 244; 7 illustrations. Hanover and London: University Press of New England, 1987. £16.75 ($30).

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Roads to Paradise - †Alison Goddard Elliott: Roads to Paradise. Reading the Lives of the Early Saints. Pp. xvi + 244; 7 illustrations. Hanover and London: University Press of New England, 1987. £16.75 ($30). - Volume 39 Issue 1
Sound Measurements in Pulsatile Tinnitus: A Review in 171 Patients

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic application of external ear canal sound measurements in pulsatile tinnitus (PT). Study Design Retrospective chart review on a prospective series of sound measurements. Setting Tertiary referral center. Patients A cohort of 171 PT patients with sound measurements during diagnostic workup for PT (2016–2023). Main Outcome Measure The percentages of PT patients per pathology and diagnosis, with PT objectified by sound measurements. Results In 57% of the patients, an identifiable etiology that could explain the PT was identified using various imaging modalities. The PT could be detected with a sound measurement in the ear canal in 48% of these patients. In absence of an identifiable etiology, an objective PT was found in only 15% of the cases. PT was more often detected for patients with arterial pathologies than venous or nonvascular pathologies (73% vs 50% and 22%, respectively). Particularly, in PT patients with a DAVF, an objective PT was found for all patients (100%). The sound measurements were found to be more sensitive than auscultation in detecting bruits in PT patients. Conclusion A sound recording can objectify PT in almost half of the cases with a diagnosis as determined by imaging. In patients where the PT cannot be detected, arterial pathologies (particularly DAVFs) are less likely. Combined with a thorough clinical evaluation and proper imaging studies, sound measurements can be of added value in the clinical pathway of PT patients.
Location Verification Systems Under Spatially Correlated Shadowing

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The verification of the location information utilized in wireless communication networks is a subject of growing importance. In this work we formally analyze, for the first time, the performance of a wireless Location Verification System (LVS) under the realistic setting of spatially correlated shadowing. Our analysis illustrates that anticipated levels of correlated shadowing can lead to a dramatic performance improvement of a Received Signal Strength (RSS)-based LVS. We also analyze the performance of an LVS that utilizes Differential Received Signal Strength (DRSS), formally proving the rather counter-intuitive result that a DRSS-based LVS has identical performance to that of an RSS-based LVS, for all levels of correlated shadowing. Even more surprisingly, the identical performance of RSS and DRSS-based LVSs is found to hold even when the adversary does not optimize his true location. Only in the case where the adversary does not optimize all variables under her control, do we find the performance of an RSS-based LVS to be better than a DRSS-based LVS. The results reported here are important for a wide range of emerging wireless communication applications whose proper functioning depends on the authenticity of the location information reported by a transceiver.
A Novel Genetic Algorithm Approach to Simultaneous Feature Selection and Instance Selection

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

With advancements in technology, the amount of collected data has been sharply increased. Most of the existing learning algorithms do not perform well on such huge datasets due to useless data such as irrelevant/redundant features and noisy instances. Feature selection and instance selection are two common data reduction approaches to address this issue. However, most of existing data reduction algorithms focus solely on either feature selection or instance selection. In this paper, based on a Genetic Algorithm, we propose a novel data reduction algorithm that can perform feature selection and instance selection simultaneously, which considers the complementary interaction between selected features and instances. The proposed algorithm is examined on nine real-world datasets with varying difficulties. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can successfully reduce both the number of features and the number of instances while maintaining or even improving the learning performance over using the original data.
A Case Study in the Application of Model-Based Systems Engineering to Laboratory Research Science

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This dissertation presents an exploration of the application of Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) tools and methods to the design and execution of sophisticated laboratory experiments. An experiment to measure the first excited state diffusion coefficient, recently attempted by the author, is used as an example. Several MBSE analysis methods are applied, retrospectively, to the process by which the experiment in question was planned and executed. The potential for increased efficiency in managing the diverse types of information associated with such laboratory experiments is demonstrated, as well as possible further avenues for future research.
Extraction of ObjectProperty-UsageMethod Relation from Web Documents

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper aims to extract an ObjectProperty-UsageMethod relation, in particular the HerbalMedicinalProperty- UsageMethod relation of the herb-plant object, as a semantic relation between two related sets, a herbalmedicinal- property concept set and a usage-method concept set from several web documents. This HerbalMedicinalProperty-UsageMethod relation benefits people by providing an alternative treatment/solution knowledge to health problems. The research includes three main problems: how to determine EDU (where EDU is an elementary discourse unit or a simple sentence/clause) with a medicinal-property/usage-method concept; how to determine the usage-method boundary; and how to determine the HerbalMedicinalProperty- UsageMethod relation between the two related sets. We propose using N-Word-Co on the verb phrase with the medicinal-property/usage-method concept to solve the first and second problems where the N-Word-Co size is determined by the learning of maximum entropy, support vector machine, and naive Bayes. We also apply naive Bayes to solve the third problem of determining the HerbalMedicinalProperty-UsageMethod relation with N-Word-Co elements as features. The research results can provide high precision in the HerbalMedicinalProperty-UsageMethod relation extraction.
Voice Climate, Work Outcomes, and the Mediating Role of Psychological Empowerment

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The study of voice climate in organizations is a recent introduction to the voice literature and much is still unknown about the outcomes associated with voice climate or the processes by which voice climate influences those outcomes. Drawing from social information processing theory, this study casts psychological empowerment as a cognitive mechanism through which shared voice climate perceptions in work groups are translated into individual work outcomes—voice behavior and customer service performance. Based on a sample of 314 full-time employees in 53 work groups, the results of our study suggest that psychological empowerment fully mediates the relationship between voice climate and customer service performance, and it only partially mediates the relationship between voice climate and voice behavior. Theoretical and practical implications of these findings as well as future research directions are discussed.
Pollen-derived nonallergenic substances enhance Th2-induced IgE production in B cells

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Aqueous pollen extracts, the protein-free fraction of Amb-APE, and the pollen-contained substance PPE1 specifically enhance IgE production in Th2-primed B cells. Thus, pollen-derived nonallergenic substances might be responsible for B-cell-dependent aggravation of IgE-mediated allergies.
Coalition Warfare and the Future of the Law of Armed Conflict

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract The purpose of this chapter is to reflect upon future armed conflicts, at least out to the year 2040, and to draw some conclusions about the potential state of the law of armed conflict (LOAC) and coalition warfare. It highlights how the LOAC of 2040 will be at significant risk of being largely ineffectual, ignored, and viewed as illegitimate unless coalitions, consisting of State and/or non-State actors, more fully comply with, and respect, the LOAC. Failure of coalitions to openly and consistently apply, affirm, and legitimize the fundamental underlying principles of the LOAC will result in the LOAC falling into serious disuse. This, in turn, will profoundly threaten the rule of law, the maintenance of international order and humanity.
Perspective Analysis of Business Competition Supervisory Commission Regarding OJK Circular Letter

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

<p><em>The problem with the lower limit of the tariff lies in determining the amount of the lower limit. Generally, the lower limit is set with the aim of protecting all business actors in the industry without exception, including those who are inefficient and tend to be a burden on the industry in the long term. The lower limit will greatly benefit efficient business actors who should offer the competitive rates they would otherwise receive. The purpose of this study is to explain the Perspective Analysis of the Business Competition Supervisory Commission (KPPU) regarding OJK Circular Letter No. 6/SEOJK.05/2017 Year 2017 in Pekanbaru City, explaining the obstacles faced by the Business Competition Supervisory Commission (KPPU) regarding OJK Circular Letter No. 6/SEOJK.05/2017 Year 2017 in Pekanbaru City This research is a sociological legal research using a positive law enforcement approach. Because there is no study on the results of the OJK Circular Study No. 6 / SEOJK.05 / 2017 and there has been research with the same circular, namely the OJK Circular No. 06 / D.05 / 2013, the recommendation from KPPU to OJK is to revoke the lower limit tariff, because it is considered contrary to the principle of fair business competition. Obstacles faced by the Business Competition Supervisory Commission (KPPU) regarding OJK Circular No. 6/SEOJK.05/2017 in Pekanbaru City</em></p>
Granular Motor State Monitoring of Free Living Parkinson's Disease Patients via Deep Learning

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease worldwide and affects around 1% of the (60+ years old) elderly population in industrial nations. More than 80% of PD patients suffer from motor symptoms, which could be well addressed if a personalized medication schedule and dosage could be administered to them. However, such personalized medication schedule requires a continuous, objective and precise measurement of motor symptoms experienced by the patients during their regular daily activities. In this work, we propose the use of a wrist-worn smart-watch, which is equipped with 3D motion sensors, for estimating the motor fluctuation severity of PD patients in a free-living environment. We introduce a novel network architecture, a post-training scheme and a custom loss function that accounts for label noise to improve the results of our previous work in this domain and to establish a novel benchmark for nine-level PD motor state estimation.