jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Leveraging Wheat Competition to Manage Seasonal Expansion of Feathertop Rhodes Grass (Chloris virgata)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Utilizing the potential of crops to suppress weeds is an important strategy for sustainable management. Feathertop Rhodes grass (FTR) (Chloris virgata Sw.) is a problematic warm-season weed in Australia that has recently expanded into colder seasons. This study investigated the growth and seed production of FTR at two planting times (May and July) and three wheat planting densities (0, 82, and 164 plants m−2) using a neighborhood design over two years. In both years, the plant height, tiller production, and panicle production of FTR were lower in the presence of wheat compared to when wheat was absent. Surrounding FTR with wheat delayed its pinnacle emergence, varying from 1 to 6 days in the first year and 4 to 21 days in the second year, depending on the planting date and wheat density. During both years and planting times, wheat’s presence caused approximately a 99% decrease in the dry matter and seed production of FTR compared to wheat’s absence. Additionally, the wheat height, an important competitive factor, was higher at both densities in the May planting compared to the July planting. The emergence, establishment, and continuous production of FTR seeds throughout the year indicate that inadequate management could result in the further spread of this weed. Our findings suggest that adjusting the date and density of wheat planting could be a viable strategy for sustainably managing this weed during colder seasons.
Self-Purified Solid-Phase Synthesis of Peptide Thioesters

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A cyclization-thiolysis sequence was developed for the synthesis of peptide thio­esters with self-purification. Thus, linker 1 was installed to polymer-supported peptide sulfone amides 2 to give 3, which were converted into 6 via macrocyclization. Thiolysis of 6 gave non-cyclic truncation byproducts that were hence washed away. Only the full-length peptide thio­esters 8 were detached from 7 as pure forms in the final step.
Genetic background modifies CNS‐mediated sensorimotor decline in the AD‐BXD mouse model of genetic diversity in Alzheimer's disease

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract Many patients with Alzheimer's dementia (AD) also exhibit noncognitive symptoms such as sensorimotor deficits, which can precede the hallmark cognitive deficits and significantly impact daily activities and an individual's ability to live independently. However, the mechanisms underlying sensorimotor dysfunction in AD and their relationship with cognitive decline remains poorly understood, due in part to a lack of translationally relevant animal models. To address this, we recently developed a novel model of genetic diversity in Alzheimer's disease, the AD‐BXD genetic reference panel. In this study, we investigated sensorimotor deficits in the AD‐BXDs and the relationship to cognitive decline in these mice. We found that age‐ and AD‐related declines in coordination, balance and vestibular function vary significantly across the panel, indicating genetic background strongly influences the expressivity of the familial AD mutations used in the AD‐BXD panel and their impact on motor function. Although young males and females perform comparably regardless of genotype on narrow beam and inclined screen tasks, there were significant sex differences in aging‐ and AD‐related decline, with females exhibiting worse decline than males of the same age and transgene status. Finally, we found that AD motor decline is not correlated with cognitive decline, suggesting that sensorimotor deficits in AD may occur through distinct mechanisms. Overall, our results suggest that AD‐related sensorimotor decline is strongly dependent on background genetics and is independent of dementia and cognitive deficits, suggesting that effective therapeutics for the entire spectrum of AD symptoms will likely require interventions targeting each distinct domain involved in the disease.
The Existence Value of Peat Swamp Forest in Peninsular Malaysia

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Forests form the dominant natural ecosystem in Malaysia. About 55% of Malaysian land area is forested and endows a rich diversity of flora and fauna. Peat swamp forests constitute a significant component of forest and account for about 75% of the country’s total wetlands. Many peat swamp forests have already been converted to new land uses including palm oil plantations, agriculture and housing. The south-east Pahang peat swamp forest (SEPPSF), located at Pahang state is the largest peat swamp forest cover in Peninsular Malaysia and is believed to be the mainland Asia’s largest and intact peat swamp forest. It harbours unique flora and fauna, provides benefits and services of national interest and supports the livelihood of the aborigines (Orang Asli) communities. Many of the benefits and services from peat swamp forests are unpriced and this can lead to faulty land use decision making. Non market valuation can provide important information on the value of many currently unpriced items and enable decision makers to consider the opportunity costs of proposed land use changes. Total economic value (TEV), which includes use and non-use values, is a complex method to determine the estimated total benefits for a tropical forest. This study reports on a contingent valuation study of existence value (non-use value) of the SEPPSF. The economic value is based on the mean maximum willingness to pay of the households in Kuantan (the capital city of Pahang state) to conserve the forest.
Immunization Coverage and Antibody Retention against Rabies in Domestic Dogs in Lusaka District, Zambia

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Rabies remains endemic in Zambia. Despite conducting canine vaccinations in Lusaka district, the vaccination coverage and actual seropositivity in the dog population in Lusaka district are rarely evaluated. This study estimated the seropositivity-based immunization coverage in the owned dog population in Lusaka district using the expanded program on immunization cluster survey method. The time-series trend of neutralizing antibodies against rabies in vaccinated dogs was also evaluated. Of 366 dogs in 200 dog-owning households in Lusaka district, blood samples were collected successfully from 251 dogs. In the sampled dogs, 42.2% (106/251) had an antibody titer ≥0.5 IU/mL. When the 115 dogs whose blood was not collected were assumed to be seronegative, the minimum immunization coverage in Lusaka district’s owned dog population was estimated at 29.0% (95% confidence interval: 22.4–35.5). It was also found that a single vaccination with certified vaccines is capable of inducing protective levels of antibodies. In contrast, higher antibody titers were observed in multiple-vaccinated dogs than in single-vaccinated dogs, coupled with the observation of a decline in antibody titer over time. These results suggest the importance of continuous booster immunization to maintain herd immunity and provide useful information to plan mass vaccination against rabies in Zambia.
Software Quality Modeling with Limited Apriori Defect Data

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In machine learning the problem of limited data for supervised learning is a challenging problem with practical applications. We address a similar problem in the context of software quality modeling. Knowledge- based software engineering includes the use of quantitative software quality estimation models. Such models are trained using apriori software quality knowledge in the form of software metrics and defect data of previously developed software projects. However, various practical issues limit the availability of defect data for all modules in the training data. We present two solutions to the problem of software quality modeling when a limited number of training modules have known defect data. The proposed solutions are a semisupervised clustering with expert input scheme and a semisupervised classification approach with the expectation-maximization algorithm. Software measurement datasets obtained from multiple NASA software projects are used in our empirical investigation. The software quality knowledge learnt during the semisupervised learning processes provided good generalization performances for multiple test datasets. In addition, both solutions provided better predictions compared to a supervised learner trained on the initial labeled dataset.Request access from your librarian to read this chapter's full text.
Being a Teacher | Researcher: A Primer on Doing Authentic Inquiry Research on Teaching and Learning

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Using a sociocultural approach to critical action research, this book is a primer in doing reflexive, authentic inquiry research in teaching and learning for educators as teacher | researchers. Rather than the artificial dichotomy between theory and practice, the roles of teacher and researcher are instead seen in a dialectic relationship (indicated by the symbol â|â in teacher | researcher) in which each informs and mediates the other in the process of revising and generating new knowledge that is of benefit to those being researched. In addition to providing a theoretical foundation for authentic inquiry, Being a Teacher | Researcher provides a detailed framework with ideas and strategies that interested educators can apply in exploring teaching and learning in both formal and informal settings. It provides concrete examples of how to use authentic inquiry as a basis for collaborating with others to improve the quality of teaching and learning while cogenerating new theory and associated practices that bridge what has been described as a theory-practice divide. Included in this book are how to plan and carry out authentic inquiry studies, choosing appropriate methodologies, methods of data collection and analysis, negotiating research with human participants, using authenticity criteria and characteristics, and addressing challenges and conflicts for teacher | researchers. As a primer, this book serves the needs of many different populations including prospective and practicing teachers, teacher educators, beginning researchers and seasoned researchers who are making changes to what and how they research.
Kelsen's Concept of Authority

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The concept of authority is one which may be explicated in many ways—normatively, psychologically, sociologically, politically. That is to say, one may seek to show how it is used in the contexts of normative justifications or of assertions about psychological, sociological or political phenomena. As a normative concept, “authority” relates to situations in which there is given as a reason warranting that something should, must not, or may be done the fact that a particular individual or individuals has so laid it down.
IDDF2019-ABS-0220 Long-term outcomes of utilizing extended criteria deceased donors in liver transplantation – an australian 12-year cohort study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background

The need for liver transplantation (LT) is increasing worldwide; however, organ shortage presents a major limitation. Use of extended criteria donors (ECDs) has been one strategy to increase the donor pool. Long-term outcomes in recipients of ECD livers have not been well studied. We studied the characteristics, utilization and recipient outcomes of ECDs.

Methods

We retrospectively studied consecutive adults who underwent deceased LT between 2006–2018. Donor and recipient data at LT and recipient outcomes were collected from a prospective database. ECD was defined using Eurotransplant criteria as any of these donor characteristics: age >65years, ventilation >7days, BMI >30 kg/m2, liver steatosis >40%, sodium >165 mmol/L, ALT >105 U/L or AST >90 U/L, and bilirubin >51 umol/L. The primary outcome of interest was graft survival (time to retransplantation or death).

Results

During the study period (median follow-up 50.6 months), 739 donors were utilized for LT. Of these, 432 (58.4%) were ECDs. Corresponding to the definition, ECDs were older (51vs.47years), with higher BMI (26.4vs.24.5 kg/m2), transaminases (ALT 42vs.24 U/L) and graft steatosis (11.4%vs.0% ≥S2) compared to non-ECDs (median values, all P<0.001). ECDs also had a worse renal function (creatinine 80vs.67 umol/L, P<0.001) and a higher donor risk index (Feng et al. 2006) (1.65vs.1.52, P<0.001). There were no differences in recipient characteristics of ECD vs. non-ECD grafts except ECD recipients were less likely receive split grafts (10.9%vs.18.9%, P=0.002). The proportion of ECDs among utilized grafts did not change over time. 157 patients experienced graft loss during follow-up (31 retransplants, 126 deaths). ECDs had similar long-term graft survival compared to non-ECDs, although outcomes appeared to be worse when ≥3 criteria were met (figure 1A-B). No individual ECD criteria were predictive for poorer graft survival. Among patients transplanted for HCC, ECD vs. non-ECD grafts resulted in similar recurrence-free survival (figure 1C).

Conclusions

ECD livers meeting up to 2 Eurotransplant criteria can be safely used without impacting long-term graft survival. This has implications for organ utilization.
C‐Terminal Lipidation of SARS‐CoV‐2 Fusion Peptide Reinstates Superior Membrane Fusion Catalytic Ability

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract The spike (S) protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome‐associated coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) mediates a critical stage in infection, the fusion between viral and host membranes. The protein is categorized as a class I viral fusion protein and has two distinct cleavage sites that can be activated by proteases. The activation deploys the fusion peptide (FP) for insertion into the target cell membranes. Recent studies including our experiments showed that the FP was unable to modulate the kinetics of fusion at a low peptide‐to‐lipid ratio akin to the spike density at the viral surface. Therefore, we modified the C terminus of FP and attached a myristoyl chain (C‐myr‐FP) to restrict the C terminus near to the interface, bridge both membranes, and increase the effective local concentration. The lipidated FP (C‐myr‐FP) of SARS‐CoV‐2 greatly accelerates membrane fusion at a low peptide‐to‐lipid ratio as compared to the FP with no lipidation. Biophysical experiments suggest that C‐myr‐FP adopts a helical structure, perturbs the membrane interface, and increases water penetration to catalyze fusion. Scrambled peptide (C‐myr‐sFP) and truncated peptide (C‐myr‐8FP) could not significantly catalyze the fusion, thus suggesting the important role of myristoylation and the N terminus. C‐myr‐FP enhances murine coronavirus infection by promoting syncytia formation in L2 cells. The C‐terminal lipidation of the FP might be a useful strategy to induce artificial fusion in biomedical applications.
Comparison of CD Composition Produced by Chimeric CGTases

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Journal Article Comparison of CD Composition Produced by Chimeric CGTases Get access Takahiro Kaneko, Takahiro Kaneko The Riken Institute, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-01, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Toshiaki Kudo, Toshiaki Kudo The Riken Institute, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-01, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Koki Horikoshi Koki Horikoshi The Riken Institute, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-01, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Volume 54, Issue 1, 1 January 1990, Pages 197–201, https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1990.10869892 Published: 01 January 1990 Article history Received: 08 September 1989 Published: 01 January 1990
Optimal number of pixels in reconstructed images in electrical tomography

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The number of pixels in reconstructed images plays an important part in electrical tomography applications. But so far there is none efficient method to determine the optimal number of pixels in reconstructed images in electrical tomography. In this paper we propose a general index based on maximizing grey differences between investigated objectives and background. The proposed index has a robust maximum without any additional condition and can be encountered in all imaging applications. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed index is suitable for comprehensive determination of number of pixels and the imaging results are consistent with visual perception.
Shakespeare in the Theatre: Sir William Davenant and the Duke’s Company. Arden Shakespeare. By Amanda Eubanks Winkler and Richard Schoch Performing Restoration Shakespeare. Edited by Amanda Eubanks Winkler, Claude Fretz, and Richard Schoch

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Journal Article Shakespeare in the Theatre: Sir William Davenant and the Duke's Company. Arden Shakespeare. By Amanda Eubanks Winkler and Richard SchochPerforming Restoration Shakespeare. Edited by Amanda Eubanks Winkler, Claude Fretz, and Richard Schoch. Get access Shakespeare in the Theatre: Sir William Davenant and the Duke's Company. Arden Shakespeare. By Amanda Eubanks Winkler Richard Schoch. London: Bloomsbury, 2022. Illus. Pp. xvi + 218.Performing Restoration Shakespeare. Edited by Amanda Eubanks Winkler Claude Fretz Richard Schoch. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2023. Illus. Pp. xxiv + 220. Alexander Paulsson Lash Alexander Paulsson Lash akp.email@gmail.com Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Shakespeare Quarterly, quae020, https://doi.org/10.1093/sq/quae020 Published: 14 June 2024
Use of Mobile App for Real Time Data Entry and Monitoring: A Case Study of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG Antibody Sero-Surveillance in all Districts of Haryana, India

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Covid-19 has forced major changes in the conduct of the business processes. Public health surveys also face similar challenges. Traditional surveys using the paper-based questionnaire are being replaced with the digital modes of surveys. Many types of mobile based apps are now available. We used a digital survey tool „surveyman.ankaha.com‟ to conduct massive survey in all 22 districts, that was completed in record time of 3 days. Minimum 16 teams from each district registered and used the tool. We are presenting here our experiences with the app and the availability of the functions in the app, so that public health professionals can make better use of it. The app helped not only to capture real time data, but also helped in remote real time monitoring of the activity and to compile the report within one week of the completion of the activity. Dedicated support team at the coordinating headquarter is required during conduct of such massive mission like activities.
Loss, Mourning and Melancholia in Henry Wadsworth Longfellow's Narrative Poem "The Lunatic Girl"

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This study aims to analyse the 19th-century American author Henry Wadsworth Longfellow’s narrative poem “The Lunatic Girl” within the framework of loss, mourning, melancholia and madness. The paper argues that the female character of the narrative experiences the loss of her boyfriend and her mourning grows into a form of melancholia as she becomes unable to process the work of mourning and remains at the stage of denial, the first stage of grief. That is why she waits for the return of her lover at the seashore every day and goes completely insane. As the mourning grows into madness, she passes away to end her pain and reunite with her dead lover. The study aims to examine the actual reasons for her melancholia and to demonstrate the ways the loss of the love object turns into the loss in the ego. The paper accordingly aims to analyse the narrative levels within the text and investigate the function of the narrator. The study is chiefly based upon the theories of Sigmund Freud, Julia Kristeva, Elizabeth Kübler-Ross and makes use of narratology to explore the narrative levels.
Quality of CIIT Library Services and Users’ Satisfaction: A Survey of Students, Faculty and Staff Members

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The basic purpose of this paper is to evaluate the quality of library services at COMSATS Institute of Information Technology (CIIT) Islamabad campus from its users' perspective. The survey method was selected for the study and a modified SERVQUAL questionnaire was used as an instrument to collect data from the students, faculty, and staff members. Because of the large potential population, random sampling was applied and 275 questionnaires were distributed, of which 207 valid responses were received. The questionnaire was consisted of 22 paired closed-ended questions to elicit the responses of the users on a 7-point Likert scale. Analysis of the collected data revealed that there are no significant differences between the levels of users' expectations and perceptions, which signify that the CIIT library is not lacking in quality services and users are satisfied with various aspects of its service quality. The study will be useful for those library professionals who wish to investigate the strengths, weaknesses and threats in their library services and who also intend to enhance the quality of these services. The study demonstrates that it is possible to make meaningful comparisons of library services, and argues that LIBQUAL should be introduced to provide a systematic regular study of the performance of Pakistan's university libraries in meeting user expectations.
Association of Anti-EGFR Antibody and MEK Inhibitor in Gynecological Cancer Harboring RAS Mutation: A Case Series

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Low-grade serous carcinoma represents a minority of serous carcinoma. Although they have better prognosis than high-grade serous carcinoma, they respond poorly to chemotherapy. Thus, it appears necessary to find other treatments such as targeted therapies. Since RAS or RAF mutations occur frequently in low-grade serous carcinoma and lead to constitutively activated MAPK cascade, MEK inhibition should be effective in the treatment of low-grade serous carcinoma. So, we wanted to evaluate the clinical benefit of MEK inhibitors in the management of advanced-stage low-grade serous carcinoma harboring KRAS or NRAS mutation. We report a case series of three women with advanced-stage low-grade serous carcinoma harboring RAS mutation who had stabilization of their disease during several months under targeted therapy combining anti-EGFR antibody and MEK inhibitor. We performed in vitro experiments, confirming the effectiveness of MEK inhibitor on the KRAS-mutated OVCAR-5 cell line, and the constitutively activation of MAPK cascade in RAS-mutated carcinoma. However, it seems that the anti-EGFR antibody does not provide any additional benefit. After whole exome analysis is carried out on the patient with the shortest response, we observed the appearance of RB1 loss-of-function mutation that could be a mechanism of resistance to MEK inhibitors in RAS- of RAF-mutated cancers. The MEK inhibitor is effective in the advanced stages of low-grade serous carcinoma harboring RAS mutation with acceptable tolerance. RB1 loss could be a mechanism of resistance to MEK inhibitors in RAS-mutated low-grade serous carcinoma.