jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Morphométrie comparée de la première molaire inférieure du campagnol Microtus (Terricola) Vaufreyi tautavelensis (Rodentia, Arvicolidae) du gisement Pléistocène moyen de I'Arago (Pyrénées, France) et inférences paléoclimatiques

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The morphometrical study of the first lower molar of three populations of vole Microtus (Terncola) vaufreyi tautavelensis (Rodentia, Arvicohdae) from the middle Pleistocene cave of l'Arago (Pyrenees, France) has shown a morphological change between the cold and dry isotopic stage 14 and the temperate isotopic stage 13, followed by a return to a morphology in the cold and dry isotopic stage 12 which is similar to that observed at the isotopic stage 14 A possible genetic contact with populations of the sub-species M (T) vaufreyi vaufreyi coming from the Aquitaine Basin or the western part of the Pyrenees, seems to be the must probable hypothesis for explaining this morphological evolution.
Metabolomic Insights into COVID-19 Severity: A Scoping Review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background: In 2019, SARS-CoV-2, the novel coronavirus, entered the world scene, presenting a global health crisis with a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations. Recognizing the significance of metabolomics as the omics closest to symptomatology, it has become a useful tool for predicting clinical outcomes. Several metabolomic studies have indicated variations in the metabolome corresponding to different disease severities, highlighting the potential of metabolomics to unravel crucial insights into the pathophysiology of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: The PRISMA guidelines were followed for this scoping review. Three major scientific databases were searched: PubMed, the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ), and BioMed Central, from 2020 to 2024. Initially, 2938 articles were identified and vetted with specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. Of these, 42 articles were retrieved for analysis and summary. Results: Metabolites were identified that were repeatedly noted to change with COVID-19 and its severity. Phenylalanine, glucose, and glutamic acid increased with severity, while tryptophan, proline, and glutamine decreased, highlighting their association with COVID-19 severity. Additionally, pathway analysis revealed that phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis, and arginine biosynthesis were the most significantly impacted pathways in COVID-19 severity. Conclusions: COVID-19 severity is intricately linked to significant metabolic alterations that span amino acid metabolism, energy production, immune response modulation, and redox balance.
Correlates of Self-Transcendence in Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objective: The aim of this systematic review is to analyse studies investigating factors associated with self-transcendence in cancer patients. Material and Method: The study was conducted by electronically searching EBSCOhost, Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus and Wiley Online Library databases, limiting the date range beginning until December 2023, and keywords "neoplasm”, “cancer", "tumour", "carcinoma", "self-transcendence", "correlation", "factors", "predictive", "relationship", "association" and "determinant" to identify eligible studies reporting correlations. Results: This systematic review included eight articles involving 1013 patients who met the inclusion criteria. All the studies had a descriptive design. The "Self-Transcendence Scale (STS)" and "Temperament and Character Inventory Revised-Self-Transcendence (TCI-R-ST)” data-collection tools were used in these studies. The results showed that self-transcendence was positively correlated with optimism, social support, problem-focused coping, emotional well-being, quality of life, power, spiritual well-being, cognitive avoidance, fighting spirit, fatalism, and resilience among cancer patients. On the other hand, a negative correlation was found between uncertainty, pain frequency, pain severity, insomnia, fatigue, concentration, appearance, outlook, helplessness-hopelessness, anxious preoccupation, and self-transcendence. Finally, there was a correlation between cancer stage and self-transcendence. Conclusion: Health-related, disease-related, and psychosocial variables are associated with self-transcendence in patients with cancer. Our research suggests that these insights could be used to inform the development of health promotion and prevention strategies by oncology nurses for patients with cancer.
Development of PCR-Based Detection System for Soft Rot Pectobacteriaceae Pathogens Using Molecular Signatures

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Pectobacterium and Dickeya species, usually referred to as soft rot Enterobacteriaceae, are phytopathogenic genera of bacteria that cause soft rot and blackleg diseases and are responsible for significant yield losses in many crops across the globe. Diagnosis of soft rot disease is difficult through visual disease symptoms. Pathogen detection and identification methods based on cultural and morphological identification are time-consuming and not always reliable. A polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based detection method with the species-specific primers is fast and reliable for detecting soft rot pathogens. We have developed a specific and sensitive detection system for some species of soft rot Pectobacteriaceae pathogens in the Pectobacterium and Dickeya genera based on the use of species-specific primers to amplify unique genomic segments. The specificities of primers were verified by PCR analysis of genomic DNA from 14 strains of Pectobacterium, 8 strains of Dickeya, and 6 strains of non-soft rot bacteria. This PCR assay provides a quick, simple, powerful, and reliable method for detection of soft rot bacteria.
The relative importance of motives for international self‐initiated mobility

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Purpose This paper aims to explore the relative importance of the motives and sub‐motives which influence a highly educated individual's decision to move across global boundaries. Design/methodology/approach The approach takes a multi‐dimensional perspective of mobility, resulting in the development of a range of motives for self‐initiated mobility. The paper employs a quantitative methodology, with over 2,600 internet survey responses from highly educated New Zealanders living and working around the world. Findings The importance of the cultural and travel opportunities and career motives are highlighted as the most important motives in a decision to be mobile. Within these motives, opportunities for travel and adventure and for career development were central. Economics was ranked as the third most important motive, contrary to the extant literature, followed by relationships, quality of life and the political environment. The priority accorded to each of these motives varies according to gender, location and life stage, creating different equations of motivation. The paper explores the implications of these findings to career theory. Research limitations/implications The study focuses only on New Zealanders living abroad and there may be some factors, which apply to these people but not to people from other countries. Practical implications The data could be useful for policy makers trying to either retain highly educated people in the home country, or to attract them back from abroad. Originality/value The study utilises a novel methodology to identify the relative importance of motivating factors and shows that there is a different mixture of these motives at different life stages.
Additions to the KERMIT system for transferring binary files through CMS

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

It is convenient to be able to store binary files on a mainframe computer. The mainframe computer can be used as a bulletin board that may be accessed by anyone owning a personal computer. Files may be left on this bulletin board and downloaded by anybody with legal access to the mainframe. Because of the design of the IBM mainframe, it has not been possible to download binary files. An IBM's communication processor strips off the eighth bit of each incoming byte. This renders binary files meaningless, and has precluded the use of IBM mainframes as a bulletin board.
[Effect of neurotropic compounds on the transmembrane potential of synaptosomes].

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Using the potential-sensitive dye (3,3-dipropylthiodicarbocyanine) [dis-C3-(5)] it has been shown that synaptosomes isolated from the rat brain cortex by the method of Hajôs retain their transmembrane potential (TMP) close to the K+-diffusional one. In the Krebs-Ringer medium containing 5 mM KCl the TMP of the synaptosomes was equal to 70-80 mV. The cytostatics cytochalazine B and colchicine and the peptides leu- and met-enkephalins and tuftcin in concentrations up to 10(-3) and 10(-4) M did not affect the TMP of the synaptosomes. Cytochalazine B in a concentration of 4 X 10(-4) M and over caused synaptosomal aggregation. The neuroleptics aminazine, trifluoroperazine, haloperidol, the antidepressant imipramine in concentrations about 10(-4) M as well as the tranquilizers diazepam and phenazepam in concentrations about 10(-3) M completely depolarized synaptosomal membranes.
Synergism between auxinic and non-auxinic chemicals in the regeneration of root from semi-hard wood cuttings of olive

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Maximum rooting successes of 96.48 and 91.48 per cent respectively occurred in the cuttings taken in the month of June and August wit: PHS (1000 ppm) + NAA (5000 ppm) as against 45.46 and 40.75 per cent rooting success in untreated controls in the respective months. IBA (5000 ppm) caused highest root numbers of 31.33 and 34.59 in cuttings as against only 4.62 and 3.45 roots under untreated controls in the month of June and August respectively. FA (1000 ppm) + IBA (5000 ppm) recorded longest roots of 9.52 and 8.86 cm in the month of June and August, as against 3.04 and 2.83 cm long roots in untreated controls. IBA (5000 ppm) caused maximum survival percentage and cuttings taken in the month of June recorded greater rooting success. Among the different treatments, PHB (1000 ppm) + IBA (5000 ppm) was most effective followed by PHB (1000 ppm) + NAA (5000 ppm) and PHB (1000 ppm) + NAA (2500 ppm).
Miracles of Herbal Phytomedicines as Potent Anti-Inflammatory Agents

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The body uses inflammation as its main defense mechanism against injuries, infections, and other types of injury.Numerous diseases, including rheumatic and immune-mediated ailments, diabetes, cardiovascular accidents, and other conditions, are included in the broad category of pathologic states known as inflammation.However, in some circumstances, inflammation itself might be dangerous.For instance, many illnesses can keep inflammation elevated, which harms tissue.To reduce inflammation in the body, a variety of anti-inflammatory medications are available.Several nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medicines have been demonstrated to lessen inflammation and pain by reducing the isoform of the cyclooxygenase enzyme's ability to break down arachidonic acid, hence reducing the generation of prostaglandins.But they frequently have negative side effects, and sometimes they don't work.Medicinal plants and their secondary metabolites are being employed as complementary medicine to cure ailments.Certain herbal medicines contain natural ingredients that may also have anti-inflammatory properties.When compared to synthetic antiinflammatory drugs, natural herbs are more secure, efficient, and preferable choices.The phytoconstituents are just as effective as synthetic compounds and have a similar mode of action.This review provides information on the anti-inflammatory properties of medicinal herbs, which will be useful for new researchers and practitioners in their seek for anti-inflammatory plants.
Modernizing women: gender and social change in the Middle East

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Valentine Moghadam's seminal study of the gendered nature of political and social processes in the Middle East and North Africa has been fully updated to reflect more than a decade of major changes. This new edition reflects an emphasis on the impacts of both globalization and democratization. It also includes entirely new chapters on the gender dynamics of conflicts in the region, on women and the Arab Spring, and on the achievements of women's rights movements. The result is an indispensable contribution to our understanding of current popular struggles for modernity, democratisation, and meaningful citizenship.
Gradiency vs. categoricity: How French speakers perceive accentual information in their native language?

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Previous works have suggested that French speakers have difficulties to process accentual information at an abstract level of processing when they are confronted to lexical stress found in languages such as English or Spanish.However, the way they process accentual information in their own language (a language without lexical stress) deserves further investigation.In this experiment, we address the issue of the nature of the perception of native accentual information by French speakers in a categorical perception paradigm.French speakers had to identify lexical sequences on an acoustic continuum ranging from an unaccented first syllable [depla'se] 'moved' to an accented first syllable ['de] [pla'se] 'a dice placed'.Results showed that, when tested on an acoustic continuum, French speakers perceive accentual information in a gradual manner.These results corroborate previous studies on the perception of non-native stress patterns by French speakers showing that, in simple perception tasks, their perception of accentual information is acoustically-based and not categorical.
Computational Strategies to Incorporate GPCR Complexity in Drug Design

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract: G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) represent the most important family of drug targets to date. However, state-of-the-art experimental procedures, able to characterize in deep both GPCR modulation in health and disease and the molecular mechanisms of drug action at these receptors, have provided a more nuanced picture than previously expected. Several aspects of GPCR function, which are currently being characterized, clarify some regulatory processes regarding these receptors and, at the same time, introduce novel levels of complexity which should be taken into consideration for rational drug design. In this scenario, computational approaches can help in several ways rationalize the increasing amount of data on GPCRs and their ligands. On the one hand, a set of databases devoted to these receptors provide excellent starting points for data mining. On the other, exploitation of the ever-increasing ligand and structure-based information by novel computational techniques can help addressing emerging questions in the GPCR field. Some of these questions comprise the refined modulation of GPCR signaling states by biased agonists, the exploitation of GPCR oligomers as drug targets, the analysis of polypharmacology in GPCR ligands, the development of strategies for receptor deorphanization or the prediction of off-target interactions of known drugs targeting these receptors. In this chapter, we will cover some of these strategies for knowledge-based rational design for GPCRs and will discuss the main hurdles which they may need to overcome to yield novel, safer and more efficacious drugs possessing polished mechanisms of action.
Entrepreneurs’ decision making under different levels of uncertainty: the role of emotions

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate entrepreneurs’ investment decisions under uncertainty in continued investments where the authors test the role of emotions to continue or discontinue the investment. Design/methodology/approach – A conjoint analysis is carried out on 101 entrepreneurs’ 3,232 investment decisions. The entrepreneurs were provided with a scenario of an investment where the dependent variable was the entrepreneur's propensity to allocate further resources to the described investment. They assessed their willingness to allocate further resources to the investment on a seven-point Likert-type scale. The independent variables in the experiment were the experienced emotions of the entrepreneur each of which was described by the two levels of high and low. Findings – It was found that self-confidence, challenge, and hope increase the propensity to continue investments as do increased level of uncertainty. Embarrassment and strain do not increase this propensity, however, high uncertainty decreases the propensity to continue investments. In contrast to the escalation of commitment theory, embarrassment does not make entrepreneurs more prone to invest under uncertainty. Frustration does not yield significant results, which runs contrary to the theory and the hypothesis finds no support. Research limitations/implications – The paper focussed on a limited number of emotions, and also on one specific moderating factor that impacts the effect of these emotions on the investment decision. Practical implications – To understand the role of their emotions in investment decisions under different levels of uncertainty may help entrepreneurs to improve the quality of their decision making. Originality/value – This study is an experiment where practitioner entrepreneurs participate which increases the ecological validity of the study. Emotions can explain, partly, why entrepreneurs persist with some underperforming projects, but not others. Uncertainty is a powerful moderating variable in the decision-making process. The results enhance existing knowledge about the emotive side of entrepreneurs’ propensity to make investment decisions under uncertainty. The results also supplement and refine existing theories on self-justification.
Nanoparticle aggregation dynamics on convective heat transfer in third-grade slip flow: A heat transfer application

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Solar energy is a natural renewable energy source. The sunlight that spreads the earth’s atmosphere is sufficient to power all of our essentials. The real-world usage of solar energy is critical to fulfilling current and future needs. This article focuses on the vital use of solar energy by utilizing the nanoaggregation concept. A suitable mathematical model is established by considering the flow slip, hydrodynamics, Ohmic, and radiative heats. The modeled problem was resolved using R-K-based shooting process. Simultaneous outcomes are obtained for the aggregation and nonaggregation cases. This study is a practical application of enhanced heat transport in Parabolic Trough Solar Collector (PTSC). It is found that nanoparticle aggregation aids in enlarging the thermal conduction rate of PTSC. This helps with the practical usage of solar energy.
Structural characterization of an engineered tandem repeat contrasts the importance of context and sequence in protein folding

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

To test a different approach to understanding the relationship between the sequence of part of a protein and its conformation in the overall folded structure, the amino acid sequence corresponding to an α-helix of T4 lysozyme was duplicated in tandem. The presence of such a sequence repeat provides the protein with “choices” during folding. The mutant protein folds with almost wild-type stability, is active, and crystallizes in two different space groups, one isomorphous with wild type and the other with two molecules in the asymmetric unit. The fold of the mutant is essentially the same in all cases, showing that the inserted segment has a well-defined structure. More than half of the inserted residues are themselves helical and extend the helix present in the wild-type protein. Participation of additional duplicated residues in this helix would have required major disruption of the parent structure. The results clearly show that the residues within the duplicated sequence tend to maintain a helical conformation even though the packing interactions with the remainder of the protein are different from those of the original helix. It supports the hypothesis that the structures of individual α-helices are determined predominantly by the nature of the amino acids within the helix, rather than the structural environment provided by the rest of the protein.
SSF-CDW: achieving scalable, secure, and fast OLAP query for encrypted cloud data warehouse

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Implementing a cloud-based data warehouse to store sensitive or critical strategic data presents challenges primarily related to the security of the stored information and the exchange of OLAP queries between the cloud server and users. Although encryption is a viable solution for safeguarding outsourced data, applying it to OLAP queries involving multidimensional data, measures, and Multidimensional Expressions (MDX) operations on encrypted data poses difficulties. Existing searchable encryption solutions are inadequate for handling such complex queries, which complicates the use of business intelligence tools that rely on efficient and secure data processing and analysis.This paper proposes a new privacy-preserving cloud data warehouse scheme called SSF-CDW which facilitates a secure and scalable solution for an encrypted cloud data warehouse. Our SSF-CDW improves the OLAP queries accessible only to authorized users who can decrypt the query results with improved query performance compared to traditional OLAP tools. The approach involves utilizing symmetric encryption and Ciphertext Policy Attribute-Based Encryption (CP-ABE) to protect the privacy of the dimension and fact data modeled in Multidimensional OLAP (MOLAP). To support efficient OLAP query execution, we proposed a new data cube retrieval mechanism using a Redis schema which is an in-memory database. This technique dynamically compiles queries by disassembling them down into multiple levels and consolidates the results mapped to the corresponding encrypted data cube. The caching of dimensional and fact data associated with the encrypted cube is also implemented to improve the speed of frequently queried data. Experimental comparisons between our proposed indexed search strategy and other indexing schemes demonstrate that our approach surpasses alternative techniques in terms of search speed for both ad-hoc and repeated OLAP queries, all while preserving the privacy of the query results.