jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Optimization of Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Anchovy Cooking Waste Using Quadratic Orthogonal Rotation Regression Combination Design

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Anchovy cooking waste was hydrolyzed using proteases,and the effects of proteases concentration,hydrolysis temperature and initial pH on the enzymolysis degree were studied(evaluated by α-amino nitrogen concentration).The enzymatic hydrolysis process was optimized by conducting quadratic orthogonal rotation regression combination design test.The optimum conditions were that anchovy cooking waste was hydrolyzed with 0.56%(m/m) proteases at 50 ℃ with the initial pH 7.12.Under such conditions,the α-amino nitrogen concentration in enzymatic hydrolysis liquid was 0.49 g/100 ml.
Effect of Cross-Linking Reagents for Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogel Dermal Fillers on Tissue Augmentation and Regeneration

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

A novel, biocompatible, and nontoxic dermal filler using hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogels was successfully developed for tissue augmentation applications. Instead of using highly reactive cross-linkers such as divinyl sulfone (DVS) for Hylaform, 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether (BDDE) for Restylane, and 1,2,7,8-diepoxyoctane (DEO) for Puragen, HA hydrogels were prepared by direct amide bond formation between the carboxyl groups of HA and hexamethylenediamine (HMDA) with an optimized carboxyl group modification for effective tissue augmentation. The HA-HMDA hydrogels could be prepared within 5 min by the addition of HMDA to HA solution activated with 1-ethyl-3-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]carbodiimide (EDC) and 1-hydroxybenzotriazole monohydrate (HOBt). Five kinds of samples, a normal control, a negative control, a positive control of Restylane, adipic acid dihydrazide grafted HA (HA-ADH) hydrogels, and HA-HMDA hydrogels, were subcutaneously injected to wrinkled model mice. According to the image analysis on dorsal skin augmentation, the HA-HMDA hydrogels exhibited the best tissue augmentation effect being stable longer than 3 months. Furthermore, histological analyses after hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) and Masson's trichrome staining revealed the excellent biocompatibility and safety of HA-HMDA hydrogels. The dermal thickness and the dermal collagen density in wrinkled mice after treatment with HA-HMDA hydrogels for 12 weeks were comparable to those of normal mice. Compared with HA-DVS hydrogels and Restylane, the excellent tissue augmentation by HA-HMDA hydrogels might be ascribed to the biocompatible residues of amine groups in the cross-linker of HMDA. The HA-HMDA hydrogels will be investigated further as a novel dermal filler for clinical applications.
A Wireless Body Area Network for Remote Observation of Physiological Signals

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

<p>The objective of this work is to describe the design process of a wireless body area network (WBAN) for the remote observation of multiple physiological signals from a patient. Various sensors such as temperature, heart rate monitor utilizing electrocardiography, and accelerometer to detect fall and seizure conditions were integrated in the WBAN. Sensed data is wirelessly transmitted to the central control unit (CCU) that is associated with a remote base station. For benchmarking, medically certified sensors were employed to validate wearable sensors data. The sensor information can be ported in the cloud environment using CCU-based gateway with Global System for Mobile communication (GSM) modem capability. This mechanism is facilitating remote access to sensors information. To connect Radio Frequency (RF) units wirelessly, Zigbee mesh topology was adopted. In this way, they can be remotely overseen, managed and controlled by assigned staff. The presented prototype featuring the desired WBAN system performance was evaluated with different human postures and moving scenarios. </p>
Synthesizable SVA protocol checker generation methodology based on TDML and VCD file formats

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

System Verilog Assertions (SVA) is widely used by hardware designers and verification engineers to apply Assertion Based Verification (ABV) methodology on their hardware designs. However, the complexity in understanding different protocol standards in general and JEDEC memory protocol standards in specific imposes numerous difficulties on designers and verification engineers when translating design specifications into SVA. This motivated us to devise new techniques that can be used to automatically generate SVA for DDR memory protocols with no ambiguity when capturing design requirements from JEDEC standards. Moreover, the proposed assertions generation methods generate "synthesizable SVA", hence allowing hardware designers and verification engineers to use the generated assertions to check the functionality of their design implementation on hardware emulation platforms. The viability and the potential of our work are demonstrated with an Industrial case study using JEDEC LPDDR3 Memory Protocol Standard.
Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS): context.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The epidemiology and outcome of malaria control initiatives are affected by a great diversity of factors including environment, economy and politics, to name but a few. Nowhere is this more obvious than in the GMS, where the rapid pace of economic development that has occurred over the past decade has brought with it a raft of changes to environment, employment, transport, communication, and demography and wealth patterns. The GMS, as a subregion, continues to gain increasing political and economic significance and has the potential to become one of the fastest growing regions in the world. While the pace of change is impressive, it has also brought with it new challenges in the fight against malaria. On the one hand, improvement in transport networks such as roads and railways, facilitates increased cross-border trade and development, on the other hand such improvements are likely to result in a massive increase in population movements across borders. As travel becomes easier the numbers of migrant workers moving between areas of high and low transmission, also expands, further increasing the risk of the spread of resistant malaria strains. In addition, the increase in large infrastructure projects such as the construction of dams, as well as agricultural plantations, also potentially lead to changes in vector behavior with unknown consequences for malaria transmission. Effectively addressing the new challenges to malaria control will require renewed commitment, coordination and better collaboration between all sectors from governments and non government organizations in the GMS.
SIMPLE DESIGN OF FILTER BANKS FOR SUBBAND ADAPTIVE FILTERING

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Subband adaptive filtering is an important applica­ tion of filter banks in which maximally decimated filter banks can not be used in general because of decimation aliasing effects. This leads to the use of oversampling schemes in the filter bank design wherein the perfect­ reconstruction (PR) or near PR property is still required. In this work, a simple design technique for uniform DFf filter bank with near PR property is presented for the purpose of subband adaptive filtering. The prototype filter in the proposed filter banks can be obtained simply by performing an interpolation of a two-channel QMF filter. The filter bank design technique presented in this paper is of particular interest in engineering applica­ tions, as demonstrated by design examples.
Linguistic Politeness: A Pragmatic Analysis of the Request Letters

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The objectives of this study are: discover the linguistic features in the opening strategy, closing strategy, and directness of the head-acts in the request letters; identify and analyze positive and negative politeness strategies used in request letters sent by students, organizations, and companies to the office of the Dean of Student Affairs; investigate the use of politeness strategies that indicates about linguistic conventions. This study employed a mixed-methods research design, incorporating both quantitative and qualitative analyses. The primary data for this study consists of request letters from students at St. Vincent's College Incorporated and various organizations within and outside the academic institution. The researcher selected 15 request letters submitted to the Dean of Student Affairs Office during the 2021-2022 academic year. This study employed three tiers of corpus analysis. The research reveals that request letters sent to the Dean of Student Affairs Office at the institution employ a diverse range of politeness strategies. The "other complimentary close and other pre-closing" is another element of the closure strategy that the researcher discovered. The head-acts shown that request letters are often direct on a degree of directness. The utilization of politeness strategies within a broader socio-cultural context illuminates established linguistic norms. The diverse inclinations towards employing politeness strategies and their multifaceted applications in request letter communication do not necessarily indicate a transition from impoliteness to politeness or vice versa. It demonstrates that people's communication styles and methods of politeness are evolving.
Thermal Modeling of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors for Electric Vehicle Application

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) is a better choice as a traction motor since it has high power density and high torque capability within compact structure. However, accommodating such high power within compact space is a great challenge, as it is responsible for significant rise of heat in PMSM. As a result, there is considerable increase in operating temperature which in turn negatively affects the electromagnetic performance of the motor. Further, if the temperature rise exceeds the permissible limit, it can cause demagnetization of magnets, damage of insulation, bearing faults, etc. which in turn affect the overall lifecycle of the motor. Therefore, thermal issues need to be dealt with carefully during the design phase of PMSM. Hence, the main focus of this thesis is to develop efficient ways for thermal modeling to address thermal issues properly. Firstly, a universal lumped parameter thermal network (LPTN) is proposed which can be used for all types of PMSMs regardless of any winding configuration and any position of magnets in the rotor. Further, a computationally efficient finite element analysis (FEA) thermal model is proposed with a novel hybrid technique utilizing LPTN strategy for addressing the air gap convection in an efficient way. Both proposed LPTN and FEA thermal models are simplified ways to predict motor temperature with a comparatively less calculation process. Finally, the proposed thermal models have been experimentally validated for the newly designed interior and surface mounted PMSM prototypes. Again, a procedure for effective cooling design process of PMSM has been suggested by developing an algorithm for cooling design optimization of the motor. Further, a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model with a proposed two-way electro-thermal co-analysis strategy has been developed to predict both thermal and electromagnetic performance of PMSM more accurately considering the active cooling system. The developed step algorithm and CFD modeling approach will pave the way for future work on cooling design optimization of the newly designed interior and surface mounted PMSM prototypes.
A Tissue Culture Model of Estrogen-producing Primary Bovine Granulosa Cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Ovarian granulosa cells (GC) are the major source of estradiol synthesis. Induced by the preovulatory luteinizing hormone (LH) surge, cells of the theca and, in particular, of the granulosa cell layer profoundly change their morphological, physiological, and molecular characteristics and form the progesterone-producing corpus luteum that is responsible for maintaining pregnancy. Cell culture models are essential tools to study the underlying regulatory mechanisms involved in the folliculo-luteal transformation. The presented protocol focuses on the isolation procedure and cryopreservation of bovine GC from small- to medium-sized follicles (< 6 mm). With this technique, a nearly pure population of GC can be obtained. The cryopreservation procedure greatly facilitates time management of the cell culture work independent of a direct primary tissue (ovaries) supply. This protocol describes a serum-free cell culture model that mimics the estradiol-active status of bovine GC. Important conditions that are essential for a successful steroid-active cell culture are discussed throughout the protocol. It is demonstrated that increasing the plating density of the cells induces a specific response as indicated by an altered gene expression profile and hormone production. Furthermore, this model provides a basis for further studies on GC differentiation and other applications.
URBAN AREAS IN EUROPEAN INFRASTRUCTURE NETWORKS

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The ongoing process of economic integration in Europe leads to an increasing importance of international infrastructure networks. Using the gravity model the accessibility of 42 large European cities in three infrastructure networks is studied: road, rail and air. Future developments in these networks are investigated by means of scenario analysis taking into account, among others, the construction of bridges and tunnels in several parts of Europe, the development of a high speed railway system, and the development of main ports in Europe. The largest relative changes in accessibility are expected to occur in the railway system. In terms of equity, the development of high speed rail is less favourable than of the other systems since the cities which get the highest benefits have already a high level of accessibility. A different result is found for road improvement, where it is especially cities in Eastern and Southern Europe which experience the largest improvements in accessibility. The working of barriers of borders is also investigated. It is shown that borders form a barrier in the physical infrastructure networks. It also appears that the impact of the calculation of the barrier effects on the accessibility of urban areas is considered to be relatively large for the road network.
Healing Content Using Webtoon Communication Based on Face Detection

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

현대에는 문화와 기술이 융합한 형태의 다양한 콘텐츠가 등장하고 있다. 다양한 콘텐츠 중 눈여겨볼 것은 대중성에 기반을 둔 웹툰과 기술이 융합한 형태의 콘텐츠이다. 웹툰은 과거 만화책에서 파생된 것으로 인터넷을 뜻하는 웹과 만화를 의미하는 툰의 합성어이다. 인터넷 만화인 웹툰은 출시된 지 오랜 역사가 지나지 않았지만, 최근엔 인간-컴퓨터 상호작용(Human Computer Interaction)기술을 접목하여 관객과의 상호작용까지 시행하고 있다. 그 예시로 독자가 이야기를 주도하는 비선형적 스토리 구성과 웹툰 내의 켜고 끌 수 있는 BGM이나 인물의 대사를 직접 성우에 의해 들을 수 있는 것이 이에 해당한다. 본 논문에서는 최근 사회의 주요 키워드인 ‘힐링’을 주제로 한다. ‘힐링’이란 ‘건강하도록 치료하거나 회복하는 행위 또는 과정’으로 ‘힐링’을 목적 삼고 시행되는 다양한 분야의 연구가 존재한다. 본 연구는 ‘힐링’을 주제로 프로세싱 프로그램과 웹캠을 이용한 전시와 관객과의 상호작용을 통해 관객에게 정신적 치유와 안정을 직접 느낄 수 있도록 한다.
A randomized trial of less intense postoperative warfarin or aspirin therapy in the prevention of venous thromboembolism after surgery for fractured hip

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

• A randomized trial was carried out with 194 patients to compare the effectiveness of sodium warfarin or aspirin with that of placebo in the prevention of venous thromboembolism after surgery for fractured hip. Prophylaxis was commenced postoperatively and continued for 21 days or until patient discharge, whichever was earlier. All patients underwent surveillance with iodine 125–fibrinogen leg scanning and impedance plethysmography, with subsequent venography. Venous thromboembolism occurred in 13 patients (20.0%) in the warfarin group, 27 patients (40.9%) in the aspirin group, and 29 patients (46.0%) in the placebo group. Proximal vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism occurred in 6 patients (9.2%) in the warfarin group, 7 patients (10.6%) in the aspirin group, and 19 patients (30.2%) in the placebo group. The results of this study show that sodium warfarin therapy is safe and effective in preventing thromboembolic complications in patients undergoing surgery for fractured hip, and that aspirin therapy is an equally safe and effective method for preventing proximal vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism. (Arch Intern Med. 1989;149:771-774)
Indicators of the energy supply system in the liver of rats under the conditions of different nutrients content in a diet

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Aim.The features of the energy supply in hepatocytes of rats under the conditions of different content of protein and sucrose in a diet were studied in the research.Methods.Experimental diets, differential centrifugation, spectrophotometry, chromatography on sheets.Results.It was found that 4-week maintenance of animals on a low-protein diet resulted in a 2.2-fold decrease in the succinate dehydrogenase activity, a threefold reduction of the cytochrome oxidase activity, and an increase in the F0F1-ATPase activity in a 1.5-fold in hepatocytes of rats.Under the experimental conditions, a 40 % decrease in the ATP content was found in the rat hepatocytes mitochondria against the background of an increase in the ADP content and maintaining the AMP content at the control level.It should be noted that under the conditions of the high-sucrose diet no significant changes in the succinate dehydrogenase activity were found in hepatocytes mitochondria; however, the cytochrome oxidase activity decreased by half and the F0F1-ATPase activity increased by 1.8 times.The most significant changes in the energy supply of hepatocytes occurred in the conditions of low-protein/high-sucrose diet.A sixfold decrease in the succinate dehydrogenase activity and reduction of the cytochrome oxidase activity to critically low values was found.With that, a twofold increase in the F0F1-ATPase activity compared to control was accompanied by a depletion of the pool of adenyl nucleotides.Conclusions.It is concluded that the lack of protein in the diet is a determining factor for the system of energy supply and the functioning of the respiratory chain, while the imbalance in the diet in terms of the content of food protein and sucrose is critical for the formation of an imbalance in energy supply to hepatocytes.The obtained results open up the prospects for developing a strategy of correcting energy metabolism disorders in conditions of nutritional imbalance.
CHARACTERIZATION OF DUAL-GATED FULLY-DEPLETED SO1 MOSFETS THAT UTILIZE SILICON SELECTIVE EPITAXIAL GROWTH

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Fully-depleted single-gated and dual-gated SOI MOSFETs are fabricated using both Epitaxial Lateral Overgrowth (ELO) and Confined Lateral Selective Epitaxial Growth (CLSEG). SOI MOSFETs and diodes are fabricated in thin (= 1500A) CLSEG films grown in pre-defined 2500A, thick cavities for the first time. In addition to the SOI MOSFETs fabricated using selective epitaxial growth, thin-film SO1 MOSFETs were also fabricated on SIMOX wafers. The one to one comparison between the two SOI technologies proves that the EL0 and CLSEG material is of at least as good if not better quality than that of SIMOX. Effective hole mobilities in the excess of 300 cm2/V-sec were obtained on thin-film EL0 and pp,eff values of greater than 240 cm2/V-sec were extracted from the thin-film CLSEG devices. A new linear sweep technique to measure generation lifetimes in thin SOI films has been developed. The measurement technique uses fully-depleted or partially depleted MOSFETs as the test structure. A detailed analytical formulation that involves the solution of Poisson's equation as applied to a fully-depleted SOI structure is presented. The analytical solutions are used to simulate the behavior of the SOI devices under the proposed linear sweep conditions. Finally, the linear sweep technique is applied to fullydepleted devices fabricated on SIMOX material and an average lifetime of 2μs is extracted from devices across the waCer. The effects of volume inversion in thin-film short-channel SO1 MOSFETs and the efficacy of dual-gate operation in enhancing their device performance have been analyzed using two dimensional device simulations and one-dimensional analytical computations. In the strong inversion regime, the analyses suggest that when compared at constant VG VT values, the dual-channel volume inverted devices do not offer significant currentenhancement advantges, other than that expected from the second channel, over the conventional single-channel devices for silicon film thicknesses in the 0.1μm range. In its support however, two-dimensional simulations suggest that dual-gated devices are more immune to short channel effects than conventional single-gated devices. In this regard, a novel process sequence to fabricate self-aligned dual-gated MOSFETs is presented.
Simulation of Enzyme Catalysis in Calcium Alginate Beads

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A general mathematical model for a fixed bed immobilized enzyme reactor was developed to simulate the process of diffusion and reaction inside the biocatalyst particle. The modeling and simulation of starch hydrolysis using immobilized α -amylase were used as a model for this study. Corn starch hydrolysis was carried out at a constant pH of 5.5 and temperature of . The substrate flow rate was ranging from 0.2 to 5.0 mL/min, substrate initial concentrations 1 to 100 g/L. α -amylase was immobilized on to calcium alginate hydrogel beads of 2 mm average diameter. In this work Michaelis-Menten kinetics have been considered. The effect of substrate flow rate (i.e., residence time) and initial concentration on intraparticle diffusion have been taken into consideration. The performance of the system is found to be affected by the substrate flow rate and initial concentrations. The reaction is controlled by the reaction rate. The model equation was a nonlinear second order differential equation simulated based on the experimental data for steady state condition. The simulation was achieved numerically using FINITE ELEMENTS in MATLAB software package. The simulated results give satisfactory results for substrate and product concentration profiles within the biocatalyst bead.
Facial identity protection using deep learning technologies: an application in affective computing

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Automatic prediction of human attributions of valence and arousal using facial recognition technologies can improve human–computer and human–robot interaction. However, data protection has become an issue of great concern in affect recognition using facial images, as the facial identities of people (i.e. recognising who a person is) could be exposed in the process. For instance, malicious individuals could exploit facial images of users to assume their identities and infiltrate biometric authentication systems. Possible solutions to protect the facial identity of users are to: (1) extract anonymised facial features in users’ local machines, namely action units (AU) of facial images, discard their facial images and send the AUs to the developer for processing, and (2) employ a federated learning approach i.e. process users’ facial images in their local machines and only send their locally trained models back to the developer’s machine for augmenting the final model. In this paper, we implement and compare the performance of these privacy-preserving strategies for affect recognition. Results on the popular RECOLA affective datasets show promising affect recognition performance in adopting a federated learning approach to protect users’ identities, with Concordance Correlation Coefficient of 0.426 for valence and 0.390 for arousal.