jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Supply Chain Maturity Drives Successful Digital Transformation

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Understanding supply chain digital transformation and the related concepts are core to its success. Global surveys showed that most businesses struggle to achieve the potential benefits of the implemented digital solutions. Focusing only on potential new technologies without understanding the level of business maturity at which digital technologies can be beneficial is the key cause of failure. This article reviews and differentiates various digital transformation terminologies and how they should be used. The article has a main focus on supply chain digital maturity and its impact on the success of digital transformation initiatives.
Variation by Oncologist in Treatment Patterns of Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Colorectal Cancer and End-of-life Care for Colorectal Cancer Patients in Alberta, Canada

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Colorectal cancer is one of major public health concerns in Canada. Prior studies have demonstrated a substantial proportion of patients in Alberta with stage III colon or stage II/III rectal cancer did not receive guideline-recommended adjuvant chemotherapy. Certain patient factors related with not receiving adjuvant chemotherapy have been assessed. In this population-based study, we examined the relationship between oncologist and patients’ not receiving adjuvant chemotherapy and estimated the oncologist-specific probability for patient’s not receiving adjuvant chemotherapy. End-of-life (EOL) care forms an important component in cancer care continuum. Using validated quality indicators for EOL cancer care, we evaluated aggressiveness of EOL care in Alberta for patients who died of colorectal cancer in 2006-2009 and examined factors that were related to aggressive use of health care services at the EOL.
Allelic Variants of the γ-Aminobutyric Acid-A Receptor α1-Subunit Gene (GABRA1) Are Not Associated with Idiopathic Gonadotropin-Dependent Precocious Puberty in Girls with and without Electroencephalographic Abnormalities

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Context: γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a dominant inhibitory neurotransmitter involved in the modulation of brain electric activity and puberty onset in primates. GABA inhibitory effects on GnRH neurons are mainly mediated by GABA-A receptor α1-subunit. Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate functional mutations or polymorphisms of the GABA-A receptor α1-subunit gene (GABRA1) in girls with idiopathic gonadotropin-dependent precocious puberty (GDPP) with and without electroencephalographic (EEG) abnormalities. Design: The entire coding region of GABRA1 was sequenced in all patients. Two known GABRA1 polymorphisms were investigated by GeneScan software analysis or enzymatic restriction. Seventy-three normal women were used as controls for genetic study. EEG tracings were recorded in 23 girls with GDPP and 17 girls with adequate pubertal development. Setting: The study was performed at a university hospital. Patients: Thirty-one girls from 28 unrelated families with idiopathic GDPP were studied. Results: Automatic sequencing revealed no functional mutations in girls with GDPP. Seven different GABRA1 polymorphisms, including two exonic (156T&gt;C and 1323G&gt;A) and five intronic [IVS2–712(GT)n, IVS3+12A&gt;T, IVS8+45T&gt;G, IVS9+76A&gt;G, and IVS10+15G&gt;A], were found in GDPP girls and controls. Abnormal EEG tracings were found in 26% of 23 girls with GDPP, two of them with epilepsy. The genotype and allele frequencies of the GABRA1 polymorphisms were not statistically different between unrelated GDPP girls and controls or between GDPP girls with or without EEG abnormalities. Conclusions: GABRA1 functional mutations or polymorphisms are not associated with the intrinsic mechanism of GDPP in girls with and without EEG abnormalities.
Investigation of Influencing Factors on the Measurement Signal of a CMOS Image Sensor for Measuring Field Emission Currents

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

We use optical CMOS image sensors for spatially and time-resolved measurement of the emission currents of field emission cathodes. The measured signal depends, on the one hand, on the emission current that flows from the cathode surface through the vacuum to the sensor surface. On the other hand, it is influenced by other variables, such as the extraction voltage, which accelerates the electrons towards the sensor surface, and the exposure time set on the sensor. In this article, these influencing factors on the measured pixel signals of a CMOS image sensor are examined in detail. In the first step, an equation is formulated that describes the signal measured by the sensor as a function of the emission current from a field emission tip, with the acceleration voltage and the exposure time as parameters. In the next step, we explain how the sensor signal is determined from the captured images. We then conduct experiments with a segmented field emission array consisting of 2 × 2 individually addressable emitters, where the voltage and currents for each emitter are known. The sensor signals are then measured for various voltages and currents and compared with the theoretical predictions. Thus, we demonstrate that, for a known voltage, the sensor signals obtained from the images can be corrected using the theoretical correlation, allowing the sensor signal to be used to measure the emitter current. This method can also be applied to investigate field emission arrays with many tips, provided that the emission spots on the CMOS sensor images can be clearly distinguished.
The Indian paradox

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Civility is generally lost in translation in non-Western contexts or limited to its normative form. Deliberation or critical scholarly engagement on civility in India is missing largely due to misgivings about postcolonialist scholarship and the liberal moorings attached to the idea of civility. It is helpful, therefore, to rescue civility both theoretically and conceptually from some of these misgivings. While we recognize the double-edged nature of civility and its potential misuse as a discourse of power in constructing hegemony, dominance, violence and exclusion, we make a case for the recovery of civility as a philosophical idea and as an analytical tool to advance a deeper understanding of problems facing democracy in India.
Readiness and recovery : switching between methadone and buprenorphine/naloxone for the treatment of opioid use disorder : a 90 credit thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Nursing at Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand

Field: Nursing (Health Sciences)

Opioid substitution treatment is an effective form of treatment for opioid use disorders. Long \nacting opiates are used as part of treatment with methadone and buprenorphine/naloxone \n(BUP/NX) most frequently prescribed. Current evidence suggests that BUP/NX is better than \nno treatment, but that methadone is marginally more effective for retention in treatment. \nBenefits of BUP/NX include greater ease in ceasing treatment and less use of illicit opiates \nwhile in treatment as compared to methadone. As yet there is little research asking service \nusers about their experiences. \nThis project aims to understand citizen perspectives of what it was like to receive BUP/NX \nfor the treatment of opioid use disorder. A qualitative descriptive approach was used to \nextract themes from semi-structured interviews of seven randomly selected participants. To be \nselected, participants had a current diagnosis of opioid use disorder, and had been prescribed \nBUP/NX during the course of their treatment. The project specifically sets out to consider \nhow citizens viewed BUP/NX as a treatment option for opioid use disorder. \nThematic analysis extracted four themes that were interpreted in terms of the harm \nminimization and the recovery model. The four themes were: drivers for opioid substitution \ntreatment change; readiness for BUP/NX substitution treatment; absence of effect from \nBUP/NX; and an increased sense of citizenship on BUP/NX. This study identified a number \nof factors that impacted on the participants’ decision making when it came to switching \nbetween methadone and BUP/NX for the treatment of their opioid use disorder. This thesis \ndiscusses these factors and locates them within the current literature on the topic. \nThe thesis concludes by saying that methadone is most effective for those people who still \nseek sedation and currently wish to continue using other opioids, and BUP/NX is most \neffective for people who no longer wish to experience sedation, and see opioid abstinence as \nan end point in their recovery. This thesis also concludes that as an individual’s treatment \nexpectations change, these changes are important to consider when determining medication \nselection. Recommendations are offered, as is a treatment model, which is intended to help \nwith medication decision-making. Future research directions are also suggested.
Cooling dehumidification characteristics of two cooling systems applied in natural light plant factory in the rainy summer

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract In summer, it is easy to cause the plant to die in the natural light plant factory due to high temperature and high humidity. It is studied for the cooling dehumidification characteristics among various ways of cooling and dehumidification - water Energy- saving groundwater source heat pump cooling air treatment unit (ATU), wet curtain fan, mechanical ventilation, etc. in the semi-enclosed natural light plant factory in typical plum rain weather. The results show that, during the rainy season, the external environment is relatively low temperature. On a typical day, the average temperature is 28.10°C from 9:15 to 17:00 in daytime in the natural light plant factory with only mechanical ventilation. The indoor temperature is 31.1°C, and the average relative humidity is 81.61%, which can meet the needs of suitable temperature and humidity for cultivated crops. Compared with the normal opening of ATU, only the A area can save the operating cost of 337.34 yuan per day. Between 0:00 and 6:40 in the morning and 20:40 to 24:00 in the evening, the average relative humidity of the natural light plant with both mechanical and natural ventilation is 87.03%. Only mechanical ventilation is opened, and the relative humidity is 95.44%. Therefore, natural ventilation should be strengthened from night to next morning.
Effects of Coconut Exocarp Flavonoid and EDTA-2Na on Aldehyde Generation During Pan-Frying Processing of Squid (Dsidicus gigas)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Squid is rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), especially docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), which exert various human health benefits. Pan-fried squid is a popular processed product beloved by consumers. However, the PUFAs of squid can be severely oxidized during thermal processing, which will result in the reduction in nutritional value and generation of harmful compounds like aldehydes. In this study, flavonoids extracted from coconut exocarp (CEF) and the metal ion chelating agent disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA-2Na) were used to inhibit lipid oxidation during the frying of squid, with the lipid oxidation level, the changes in fatty acid composition, and aldehyde concentrations being examined by gas chromatography mass spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. Results indicated that during pan-frying, the peroxide value, thiobarbituric acid value, and total oxidation value increased significantly, while the contents of EPA and DHA decreased significantly, and the concentrations of most aldehydes increased in a time- and temperature-dependent pattern. Both CEF and EDTA-2Na treatments inhibited these changes; comparatively, the CEF treatment was significantly better than that of EDTA-2Na. For instance, the CEF treatment inhibited the generation of HHE by 31.90%, 33.24%, and 19.73%, respectively, after pan-frying of squid at 180 °C for 6, 8, and 10 min, while the corresponding values for HNE were 22.65%, 18.96%, and 17.28% respectively. These results suggested that CEF can improve the oxidative stability of squid lipids during pan-frying and reduce the generation and accumulation of aldehydes and improve the security of processed squid products.
MSJ918978_supplemental_material – Supplemental material for Cortical axonal loss is associated with both gray matter demyelination and white matter tract pathology in progressive multiple sclerosis: Evidence from a combined MRI-histopathology study

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Supplemental material, MSJ918978_supplemental_material for Cortical axonal loss is associated with both gray matter demyelination and white matter tract pathology in progressive multiple sclerosis: Evidence from a combined MRI-histopathology study by Svenja Kiljan, Paolo Preziosa, Laura E Jonkman, Wilma DJ van de Berg, Jos Twisk, Petra JW Pouwels, Geert J Schenk, Maria A Rocca, Massimo Filippi, Jeroen JG Geurts and Martijn D Steenwijk in Multiple Sclerosis Journal
Studies on the grafting congeniality in chestnut trees. I

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Grafting congeniality between Japanese chestnut (Castanea crenata SIEB. et ZUCC.) and Chinese chestnut (C. mollisima BLUME) has been studied using Gin-yose (Japanese) and Boji (Chinese) as scions and seedlidgs of Gin-yose and Shibaguri (both Japanese) and Miyagawa No. 20 (Chinese) as rootstocks.Percentages of “take” were not so different among the various combinations of scions and stocks.Four year's observation on tree growth showed that Boji on the Japanese stocks made poor growth, while the other combinations made satisfactory growth.Analyses of mineral composition of scions and stocks revealed that crude ash, potassium, and calcium contents were higher and magnesium and manganese contents were lower in the Boji top than in the Gin-yose top on either Japanese or Chinese stocks, and that Japanese stocks tended to absorb relatively larger amounts of crude ash, potassiumm and calcium, and smaller amounts of magnesium and manganese than Chinese stcck. As the result, Boji on Japanese stocks was extremely high in crude ash, potassium, and calcium contents and low in magnesium and manganese contents. Weak growth and a liability to show magnesium and manganese deficiencies of Boji variety on Japanese stocks seem to be attributable to the unbalance among the rations mentioned above.
Archives of Diabetes & Obesity

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Opinion Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by high blood glucose levels and has been an increasing world health problem. It is one of three non- communicable diseases (NCD) worldwide, and the 3rd leading cause of death in humans. Type 2 diabetes is induced by insulin deficiency owing to damaged pancreatic beta cells and insulin resistance. The current therapeutic approaches include repairing damaged beta cells, increasing the sensibility to insulin, retarding carbohydrate digestion, etc., and the relevant medicines such as diformin and acarbose have been developed [1]. However, they usually have single efficacy and some side effects. Notably, most DM may result from unhealthy lifestyles and dietary habits. Therefore, routine prevention rather than therapy has been proposed to be more importan..... ReadMore
X-linked immunodeficient mice as a model for testing the protective efficacy of monoclonal antibodies against Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

(DBA/N[female] X CBA/2[male])F1 males have been reported to be deficient in producing antibodies against a number of antigens, including carbohydrates (I. Scher, Adv. Immunol. 35:1-71, 1982). We show that F1 male mice, in contrast to females, made less lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-specific antibodies after immunization with heat-inactivated Pseudomonas aeruginosa and had significantly less naturally occurring LPS-specific antibodies. Furthermore, neutropenic males were 50 to 1,000 times more sensitive to challenge with representative isolates belonging to the seven Fisher immunotypes. Administration to neutropenic F1 males of a human monoclonal antibody specific for the O carbohydrates of P. aeruginosa immunotype 2 LPS or administration of serum from rabbits immunized with heat-inactivated P. aeruginosa immunotype 1 raised the level of resistance to bacterial challenge close to that of females. The results show that the X-linked immunodeficient mouse is an excellent model with which to test the protective efficacy of P. aeruginosa-specific monoclonal antibodies.
Can Financial Regulations Strengthen Financial Stability in Developing Countries? : The Case of Turkey

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The type of prudential regulations commonly used in developing economies aims directly to control of financial aggregates, such as liquidity expansion and credit growth, namely capital requirements with risk categories used in industrial countries. The results achieved in the last two decades have clearly indicated, contrary to policy intentions, the very limited usefulness of those policies in helping those countries to contain the risks involved with more liberalized financial systems; especially in episodes of sudden reversal of capital flows. In the case of Turkey, the new liberal economic policy began to be implemented in January 1980, which aimed at integration with world markets by establishing a free market economy. As a reflection of this policy, the 1980s witnessed continuous legal, structural and institutional changes and developments in the Turkish banking sector. During these years, Turkey experienced two very severe financial crisis one in early 1994 and the other one in early 2001. In mid-1994, Turkey adopted an IMF based stand-by agreement, and managed to calm the severe economic crises. However, macroeconomic instability continued until the late 1990s. In December 1999, Turkey signed a threeyear standby agreement with IMF. This program had failed due mainly to a major banking sector crisis and Turkey has started another stabilization program backed by IMF which is still being implemented in Turkey. With this new program, an extensive streamlining plan, Banking Sector Restructuring Program was started and announced to the public in May 2001. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the effectiveness of financial regulations adopted in Turkey in achieving financial stability throughout the liberalization process. In this framework, in the light of developments in the Turkish economy the recommendations of the Basel Committee in terms of liquidity and capital requirements are assessed, especially in controlling the adverse impact of volatile short run capital flows on the financial systems of developing countries.
The expanding role of endoscopic ultrasound in pancreatic disease.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Since endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) was first developed in the 1980s, this technology has emerged as the principal modality for imaging the pancreas. When compared with other imaging techniques, EUS can more accurately image solid lesions of the pancreas and determine vascular involvement that might preclude surgery. Furthermore, EUS-guided fine needle aspiration allows safe and accurate sampling and histological diagnosis of these lesions. EUS also plays a large role in the evaluation of cystic lesions of the pancreas. EUS cyst morphology, as well as fluid analysis obtained by fine needle aspiration, can often be used to diagnose the etiology of these lesions, helping the clinician to more accurately assess the presence or potential for malignancy. EUS can also predict the probability of the presence of chronic pancreatitis, primarily on the basis of histological correlates. The focus of this review is to discuss the role of EUS in these and other commonly encountered pancreatic diseases.
Correction of school maladjustment based on interdisciplinary approach

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The article presents the results of the analysis of modern (from 2011 to the present) foreign sources on school maladjustment as an interdisciplinary medical and psychological problem. The urgency of the problem is aggravated against the background of global socio-economic and technological changes that determine the lifestyle and behavior of younger schoolchildren at school and in the family. Taking into account the prospects for the growth of the influence of these factors, the article presents a systematic assessment of modern possibilities for diagnosing, compensating, and correcting disorders to adapt to primary school education for pupils in primary schools based on the results of studying advanced domestic and foreign experience. The analysis showed an increase in the number of modern methods, including with the participation of specialists from various specialties, including psychiatrists, psychologists and teachers, as well as with the active involvement of the families of schoolchildren. It is noted that the validity of the methods is not always at the proper level. Based on the analysis, it was concluded that an interdisciplinary approach is appropriate both in assessing risk and eliminating the causes of school maladjustment, as well as in dealing with its consequences. The prospect of introducing an appropriate approach assumes the project «Healthy Future» on the territory of Nizhny Novgorod.
2124. A Bundled Intervention Was Associated with Decreased Risk of Complex Staphylococcus aureus Surgical Site Infections among Patients Undergoing Clean Operative Procedures

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BACKGROUND: Our previous multicenter study suggested that a bundled intervention was associated with lower rates of complex S. aureus surgical site infections (SA SSIs) among patients undergoing cardiac or orthopedic operations in community hospitals. We aimed to evaluate the effect of this bundle in patients undergoing neurosurgical (NSG) operation, cardiac operation, or hip/knee arthroplasty at an academic health center. METHODS: This pragmatic quasi-experimental study included adult patients who underwent one of the procedures between June 1, 2012 and September 30, 2015 except those whose operations were done to treat infection. The bundle involved screening patients for SA nasal carriage, decolonizing carriers with intranasal mupirocin and chlorhexidine-gluconate bathing, and perioperative prophylaxis with vancomycin and cefazolin for patients who carried MRSA. The primary outcome was complex SA SSIs. To analyze changes in SSI rates, we used Poisson regression in time-series analysis. We used breast operations as a non-equivalent control group. RESULTS: One hundred forty-one complex SA SSIs occurred after 23,920 operations during the pre-intervention period (July 2004 to June 2012) and 28 occurred after 11,588 operations during intervention period (July 2012 to September 2015) (rate ratio [RR] 0.41; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.27–0.61; Figure 1). During the same period, the complex SA SSI rate after breast operations did not decrease (RR 1.96; 0.82–4.65). Neurosurgeons implemented other interventions before implementing the full bundle in period 4 (Figure 2). The rate of complex SA SSIs after NSG operations decreased significantly only after the bundle was implemented (period 1 vs. 4, RR 0.22; 0.11–0.46). During the intervention period, 53% of patients received all bundle elements appropriate for their carriage status and 39% received some bundle elements. The complex SA SSI rate decreased significantly among patients who fully adhered (RR 0.23; 0.09–0.57) and among patients who partially adhered or not adhered (RR 0.56; 0.39–0.81). CONCLUSION: Despite suboptimal adherence, the complex SA SSI rate decreased after implementing the evidence-based bundle but did not decrease in the non-equivalent control. Implementation science could help improve bundle adherence. DISCLOSURES: All authors: No reported disclosures.