jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Evaluation index system of comprehensive benefits of ecological restoration in key ecologically vulnerable regions

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 重点脆弱生态区生态恢复综合效益评估指标体系 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201908161708 作者: 作者单位: 陕西师范大学地理科学与旅游学院,陕西师范大学地理科学与旅游学院,中国科学院生态环境研究中心,长安大学地球科学与资源学院,陕西师范大学地理科学与旅游学院,中国科学院生态环境研究中心 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 中国科学院科技服务网络计划（KFJ-STS-ZDTP-036）；国家自然科学基金项目（41801180，41871187）；第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究资助（2019 QZKK0403） Evaluation index system of comprehensive benefits of ecological restoration in key ecologically vulnerable regions Author: Affiliation: School of Geography and Tourism,School of Geography and Tourism,,,School of Geography and Tourism of Shaanxi Normal University, Fund Project: 其他 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:生态恢复是扭转由人类活动引起的生态环境退化和生物多样性损失，并保证生态系统服务可持续供给的一项主要战略措施。20世纪90年代以来我国针对重点脆弱生态区（北方风沙区、黄土高原区、西北干旱区、青藏高原区和西南喀斯特地区）实施了一系列的生态恢复工程。科学合理地评估重点脆弱生态区生态恢复综合效益，对生态恢复措施的进一步优化调整具有重要的理论与实践意义。然而，在重点脆弱生态区生态恢复综合效益评估的集成研究方面，由于缺乏统一的指标体系，阻碍了区域内综合性和长期性的生态恢复综合效益评估和监测，因此亟需构建一套面向我国重点脆弱生态区的生态恢复综合效益评估指标体系。以我国5个重点脆弱生态区为研究区，根据"生态恢复-生态系统结构-质量-服务-效益"级联式概念框架，在指标筛选原则和方法的指导下，参考现有的生态恢复评估成果，构建科学化、系统化和规范化的生态恢复综合效益评估指标体系。研究结果以期为重点脆弱生态区生态恢复评估研究和管理应用提供理论与技术支撑。 Abstract:Ecological restoration is a major strategy to reverse the ecological degradation and biodiversity loss caused by human activities and to ensure a sustainable supply of ecosystem services. Since the 1990s, China has implemented a series of ecological restoration projects in key ecologically vulnerable regions (Windy and sandy regions of northern China, Loess Plateau, Arid regions in northwest china, Tibetan Plateau, and karst regions). Scientifically and reasonably evaluating the comprehensive benefits of ecological restoration in key ecologically vulnerable regions has important theoretical and practical significance for further optimization and adjustment of ecological restoration measures. However, due to the lack of a unified index system, research on ecological restoration is limited in terms of comprehensive and long-term assessment and monitoring of ecological restoration benefits in key ecologically vulnerable regions. As a result, there is an urgent need for a systematic, scientific, and comprehensive evaluation index system of comprehensive benefits of ecological restoration in ecologically vulnerable regions of China. We investigated five key ecologically vulnerable regions in China, and based on the cascade conceptual framework of "ecological restoration-ecosystem structure-quality-services-benefits" and guided by the proposed principles and methods for screening indices, we constructed a scientific, systematic, and standardized evaluation index system of comprehensive benefits of ecological restoration. The results of this study are expected to provide theoretical and technical support for future evaluation studies and management of application of ecological restoration in key ecologically vulnerable regions. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献
Processing theSequencing Data

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

In this chapter, the authors run a pipeline to convert sequencing data into gene information. The sequencing data consists of millions of short reads generated by Illumina or BGI short read deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequencing. The gene information includes the DNA variants and mutations found in the genes of the person whose DNA was sequenced. When the variant is only 1 nucleotide long, it is called a single nucleotide variation or single nucleotide polymorphism. As a result of sequencing, researchers have hundreds of millions of sequencing reads in the FASTQ files, each one from a different place in the genome. They need to align those reads to the reference genome. Sequencing trios, such as parents and child, provide greater analysis power as researchers can select the variants present in the individual(s) with a medical problem and exclude the variants from unaffected family members.
Mediastinal tuberculous lymphadenitis: CT manifestations.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

An analysis was done of computed tomographic (CT) scans of 23 Korean patients who had presented with a mediastinal or hilar mass on plain chest radiographs and had subsequently been found to have tuberculous lymphadenitis. Most patients were young adults. Findings of pulmonary tuberculosis were seen on plain radiographs in 14 patients. On CT, findings were of an overwhelming preponderance of involvement of the right paratracheal and tracheobronchial nodes. After injection of contrast medium, nodes larger than 2 cm in diameter invariably showed central areas of relative low density and peripheral rim enhancement. Enhanced walls were usually irregular in thickness. Some smaller nodes did not show low-density areas, but instead showed varying degrees of homogeneous enhancement. Although metastatic nodes can be of low density, experience in this study suggests that mediastinal lymphadenopathy in a young adult with the CT findings described above is characteristic enough to support a diagnosis of tuberculosis.
Comment: Microchipping Employees and Privacy Implications - Does My Boss Know Where I am Right Now?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Existing law surrounding employee privacy does not adequately address privacy concerns raised by microchip programs. A handful of states have passed laws that prohibit mandatory employee microchipping programs, but the vast majority have not passed any preventative legislation. In states that have passed laws, the limited protections that do exist fail to address a wide range of issues that have not yet come up in the context of employer-provided technology. This comment will briefly overview employee privacy law to highlight some of the issues that will arise if the law remains untouched. Then, it will propose solutions that would serve to better protect employees from these issues. As technology continues to develop, it will gather more information and the potential for abuse will only increase. Without legal safeguards, employees will be left nearly defenseless against employers with access to ever-increasing information about their employees.
Algorithms for canonical molecular dynamics simulations

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Finite-difference algorithms for Nosé-Hoover canonical molecular dynamics (NH-MD) are investigated. In general, NH-MD functions excellently, but it is demonstrated that time symmetry is broken in NH-MD algorithms and that this results in irreversible thermostatting, which can destroy the canonical sampling. However, the traditional ‘leapfrog’ algorithm, extended to NH-MD, works almost perfectly and equilibrates correctly, even for a system of a single butane chain, which is found to be very sensitive to numerical approximations. The MD conserves the total momentum—and for a single molecule also the angular momentum. NH-MD can run with or without these conservation constraints, and it is stable with respect to round-off errors, at least for the first 109 time steps for the present system.
Vermont Data Supported the DSM-5 Deletion of Subtypes in Schizophrenia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract This chapter was written by a collaboration between Malcolm Bowers, MD, vice chair of psychiatry at Yale, and a bunch of us at UVM. It focuses on how the Vermont data challenged the existing notion of schizophrenia subtypes and backed up decisions to delete them in the DSM-5. An astonishing table reveals how the group of 52 originally diagnosed with the catatonia subtype by the DSM-I spread out to only 46 people by the DSM-II and to 14 by the DSM-III. These patients crossed other subtypes and other diagnostic categories. Alan Breier then looked at patients with paranoid subtypes against people with nonparanoid schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, and affective disorder. Social functioning turned out to be the strongest predictor of outcome, whereas work and community function washed out. Paranoid people had more affectivity than fully appreciated, and schizoaffective disorder seemed to move closer to affective disorders. These studies were funded by the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation.
The treatment of children involved in the traffic of illicit drugs in respect of international human rights law in Colombia: victimisation or ciminalisation?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Children involved in production, trafficking or sale of drugs are victims of circumstances as well as law offenders. Drug trafficking is a ‘global illicit trade involving the cultivation, manufacture, distribution and sale of substances which are subject to drug prohibition laws’ The purpose of this study is to investigate whether children who have fallen into drug-related delinquency in Colombia should be treated as victims or as criminals. This study extensively examined international human rights law, including the Convention on the Rights of the Child, and national law instruments to determine how children involved in illicit drug trafficking should be treated. Having ratified the Convention on children’s rights and given the Colombian legal framework, Colombia demonstrates a clear commitment to protect the rights of children regardless of the nature of crimes that they commit. In conclusion, it was found that both international and national human rights laws tend to favour the victimisation of children involved in drug trafficking. Thus, it can be argued that children trafficking drugs be considered victims rather than as criminals. It is firmly believed that this study would contribute to the respect of human rights in the treatment of children. Key words: children, drug trafficking, human rights, Colombia, victimisation, criminalisation.
Migrants into Humanitarians: Ethnic Solidarity and Private Aid-Giving during Romania’s Historic Flood of 1970

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article studies the involvement of Western diaspora communities of Transylvanian Saxons in the humanitarian campaign for Romania during the flood disaster in 1970. It shows how the Saxons’ private relief campaigns established new forms of connectivity and exchange across the Iron Curtain through a transnational regime of care, ethnic solidarity, and charitable work. The article argues that the contingent and precarious situation of such spatially divided ethnic communities refashioned a generation of World War II refugees and migrants from “speechless” objects of humanitarian intervention into passionate advocates, effective mediators, and surprising champions of private aid giving in postwar Europe.
Effects of Magnetic Fields on the Properties of Water Treatedt by Reversed Osmosis

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The current study focused on reviewing the rapid growing of using magnetic water in different fields of science and measure the influence of several intensities of magnetization on the chemical and electrical properties of tap water treated by reverse osmosis. The work includes circulation of water for 24 h. in magnetic fields of intensity 500, 1000, 1500, and 2000 G. The magnetization of water causes increasing some positive and negative ions in water such as (Mg, K, Na, Cl&macr;, Alkaline and SiO2) and decreasing some positive and negative ions (Ca and SO3). In the near future, the application of concepts of sustainability development in civil engineering have the to produce structures in harmony with these concepts through using of high-performance materials with less impacts on the environmental and have low cost. The main application of using magnetic water is improvement the geotechnical properties of soil through precipitation of calcite which increases the bond between soil particles and then strength of soil.
Oath-Taking and the Role of African Traditional Religion in Human Trafficking

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

There is relatively little empirical research into the supernatural enforcement of an agreement between two parties through the swearing of ritual oaths before a deity that belongs to the African traditional religion cosmology. An emerging but vibrant body of qualitative work has explored different aspects of ritual oath-taking as a method of control used by certain traffickers to keep their victims in perpetual bondage. Employing the epistemological sources of tradition, reason, experience, and community's interpenetration and interpretation, this study demonstrates that traffickers are simply utilizing commonly held beliefs and practices within ATR to exploit their victims and encourage human trafficking. Findings reveal that despite the current trends toward civilization, globalism, and modernity, the role of the spiritual realm in human affairs (human trafficking) bound with the high place given to ritual and symbolism remains critical in trafficking enterprise in the African worldview, regardless of the religious affiliation.
Forging the Resistive Republic: Social Capital, Institutional Stability, and Civic Virtue in Pluralist Democracies

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Republicans too often take for granted features not easy to bring about in the absence of social capital. Lovett and Pettit (2009) consider that it is through collective political actions that citizens shed light on acts of domination. For Pettit (2012), civic vigilance is the only guarantee that “the government will be forced to remain responsive to popular inputs”. As Kimpell (2023) mentions, one of the weak points of republican theories remains the lack of an account of norm generation. I aim to show how this could occur in a way that does not constitute itself an arbitrary interference of the government in the people’s lives. The kind of generalized reciprocity which is of utmost importance for republicanism often depends on the presence of ties that connect different socio-economic groups within communities and, “where such interactions do not naturally occur, forums for interaction can be intentionally created and designed to encourage development of social capital” (Warner 2001). More specifically, I argue that such forums for interaction could be represented by polycentric systems. Furthermore, I argue that embracing polycentricity constitutes a non-dominating way in which we could promote the “resistive community” (Pettit 2012) required by republicanism. I consider that the empirical results extensively documented in the Institutional Analysis and Development framework are an appropriate starting point for designing novel republican policies and institutions that can function alongside sufficient levels of trust.
Redressing disadvantage and ensuring social cohesion: the role of distance education and elearning policies in the European Union 1957-2007

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper analyses the development and implementation of the European Union's policies in distance higher education and elearning since the 1957 Treaty of Rome. Distance education emerged in the 1960s and 70s as an instrument at national level to redress disadvantage, and to provide flexible, high-quality and cost-effective access to higher education to adults who were unable, for geographical, employment or personal reasons, to attend on-campus. Analysis of EU policy documents and interviews with key individuals indicates that the support of influential policy entrepreneurs and networks brought distance education to the centre stage in EU education and training policy for a brief period in the early 1990s, culminating in the Maastricht Treaty on European Union (1992), which committed the EU to ‘encouraging the development of distance education’. Since then, distance learning has been superceded by elearning, and is linked in EU rhetoric to social cohesion in the context of making Europe the most competitive economy in the world. Yet, despite the great potential of elearning, this paper outlines the challenges to its wider adoption. These include the persistence of the digital divide in Europe; student resistance to elearning approaches; and the problem of achieving cost-effectiveness in elearning. Much remains to be done to ensure the flexibility in terms of time, place, pace, and indeed accessibility, which would enable adult students to participate in lifelong learning on a truly democratic basis.
ON TAKING LOCAL LANGUAGE PRACTICES SERIOUSLY IN LINGUISTIC Inquiry:language as a Local Practice

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Review Article| May 01 2011 ON TAKING LOCAL LANGUAGE PRACTICES SERIOUSLY IN LINGUISTIC Inquiry:language as a Local Practice ON TAKING LOCAL LANGUAGE PRACTICES SERIOUSLY IN LINGUISTIC INQUIRY:Language as a Local Practice By Pennycook, AlastairNew York: Routledge, 2010. Pp. vii + 167. ISBN 978-0-415-54750-5; $115.00 ($44.95 pbk) Lynnette Arnold Lynnette Arnold Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google American Speech (2011) 86 (2): 215–219. https://doi.org/10.1215/00031283-1337019 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Tools Icon Tools Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Lynnette Arnold; ON TAKING LOCAL LANGUAGE PRACTICES SERIOUSLY IN LINGUISTIC Inquiry:language as a Local Practice. American Speech 1 May 2011; 86 (2): 215–219. doi: https://doi.org/10.1215/00031283-1337019 Download citation file: Zotero Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search Books & JournalsAll JournalsAmerican Dialect SocietyAmerican Speech Search Advanced Search The text of this article is only available as a PDF. Copyright 2011 by the American Dialect Society2011 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Does the New Rural Cooperative Medical Scheme Provincial Pooling Policy Improve Health Equity Among Older Adults? --Evidence From China Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey Data

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: As global aging increases, health inequalities are becoming more prominent. The purpose of this study is to examine whether increasing the level of fund pooling of the New Rural Cooperative Medical Scheme (NRCMS) helps to improve health and health inequalities among older adults. Methods: Data from four periods of the China Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) in 2008, 2011, 2014, and 2018 were used, the population for this paper was a sample of the older adults participating in the NRCMS. A sample of 955 treated participants and 13477 control participants were included in the analysis after excluding samples with missing information. Time-varying Difference-in-differences (DID) model was used to analyze the impact of the NRCMS Provincial Pooling Policy (NRCMS-PPP) on participants’ health and health inequalities. Results: The results of the study showed that the NRCMS-PPP had a significant effect on the Self-rated Health (SH) (estimated coefficient = 0.149, P<.001) and Health Relative Deprivation Index (HRDI) (estimated coefficient = -0.018, P=0.025). Further exploration of the heterogeneous effect of it revealed that implementation is more effective in improving the health and reducing health inequalities for older population with primary education or living in rural areas. The mediation mechanism suggests that NRCMS-PPP partially mediates through Total Out-of-pocket Medical Expenses (TOME) and Catastrophic Health Expenditure (CHE). Conclusion: The NRCMS-PPP reduces the probability of the older adults experiencing CHE and reduces their burden of disease costs, thus improving their health and reducing their health inequality. Policy effects vary in terms of educational status and areas of residence.
Adaptive Differentiator‐Based Predefined‐Time Control for Nonlinear Systems Subject to Pure‐Feedback Form and Unknown Disturbance

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this article, by utilizing the predefined‐time stability theory, the predefined‐time output tracking control problem for perturbed uncertain nonlinear systems with pure‐feedback structure is addressed. The nonaffine structure of the original system is simplified as an affine form via the property of the mean value theorem. Furthermore, the design difficulty from the uncertain nonlinear function is overcome by the excellent approximation performance of RBF neural networks (NNs). An adaptive predefined‐time controller is designed by introducing the finite‐time differentiator which is used to decrease the computational complexity problem appeared in the traditional backstepping control. It is proved that the proposed control method guarantees all signals in the closed‐loop system remain bound and the tracking error converges to zero within the predefined time. Based on the controller designed in this paper, the expected results can be obtained in predefined time, which can be illustrated by the simulation results.
Funding for cerebral palsy research in Australia, 2000–2015: an observational study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objectives To examine the funding for cerebral palsy (CP) research in Australia, as compared with the National Institutes of Health (NIH). Design Observational study. Setting For Australia, philanthropic funding from Cerebral Palsy Alliance Research Foundation (CPARF) (2005–2015) was compared with National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC, 2000–2015) and Australian Research Council (ARC, 2004–2015) and CPARF and NHMRC funding were compared with NIH funding (USA). Participants Cerebral Palsy researchers funded by CPARF, NHMRC or NIH. Results Over 10 years, total CPARF philanthropic funding was $21.9 million, including people, infrastructure, strategic and project support. As competitive grants, CPARF funded $11.1 million, NHMRC funded $53.5 million and Australian Research Council funded $1.5 million. CPARF, NHMRC and NIH funding has increased in real terms, but only the NIH statistically significantly increased in real terms (mean annual increase US$4.9 million per year, 95% CI 3.6 to 6.2, p<0.001). The NHMRC budget allocated to CP research remained steady over time at 0.5%. A network analysis indicated the relatively small number of CP researchers in Australia is mostly connected through CPARF or NHMRC funding. Conclusions Funding for CP research from the Australian government schemes has stabilised and CP researchers rely on philanthropic funding to fill this gap. In comparison, the NIH is funding a larger number of CP researchers and their funding pattern is consistently increasing.
Minimal electroweak baryogenesis via domain walls

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A bstract The Standard Model extended by a real scalar singlet S with an approximate ℤ 2 symmetry offers a minimal framework for realizing electroweak baryogenesis (EWBG) during a first-order electroweak phase transition. In this work, we explore a novel mechanism where spontaneous ℤ 2 breaking enables EWBG via domain walls separating two distinct phases of the S field. These domain walls feature restored (or weakly broken) EW symmetry in their cores and sweep through space, generating the baryon asymmetry below the temperature of EW symmetry breaking. We identify the key conditions for the existence of EW-symmetric domain wall cores and analyze the dynamics required for wall propagation over sufficient spatial volumes. Additionally, we outline the CP-violating sources necessary for baryogenesis under different regimes of domain wall evolution. The parameter space accommodating this mechanism spans singlet masses from sub-eV to 15 GeV, accompanied by a non-vanishing mixing with the Higgs boson. Unlike the standard realization of EWBG in the minimal singlet-extended SM, which is notoriously difficult to test, our scenario can be probed by a wide range of existing and upcoming experiments, including fifth force searches, rare meson decays, and EDM measurements.