jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Modeling Fiber Quality Formation in Cotton

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Accurate prediction of fiber quality formation is highly important for successful cotton growth simulation and management decision.Experiments were conducted in natural environment to quantitatively describe the relation between the dynamic process of fiber quality formation and conditions of water supply and growth temperature in Nanjing(32°03′N,118°47′E),Anyang(36°7′N,116°22′E),Baoding(39°05′N,115°47′E)and Shihezi(44°26′N,86°01′E) in 2002 and in Shihezi only in 1997,2003.A simulation model for predicting fiber elongation,strength and cellulose content accumulation was developed based on days after anthesis(DAA)and boll physiological development time(BPDT).The effects of soil water content,daily mean temperature(DMT)and daily temperature difference(DTD)were taken into account,along with genetic parameters for different cultivars in the model.The model was validated using the experiment data sets under different conditions of DTD,DMT,and soil water status at different eco-sites.The root mean square errors(RMSEs) between the simulated and observed values of fiber length,fiber strength and cellulose content are 1.15 mm,1.03 cN.tex-1and 4.37%,respectively,indicating that the model is accurate and applicable under different conditions.
An Approach towards Resource Efficient Virtual Network Embedding

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Network virtualization is at the heart of efforts to end Internet ossification, and utilize network infrastructure efficiently. The key concept is to share the infrastructure resources among many users at the same time and in such a way to enable them to deploy the required architectures. This leads to virtual networks (VNs), demanding different resources that have to be embedded on the underlying shared infrastructure network. The requirements of a VN can be based on factors such as, the type of traffic it needs to carry. Some portion of the same resources (substrate resources) needs to be assigned to every VN and the substrate resources are also finite. Thus, a mechanism needs to be devised in order to schedule the resources. This embedding process with resource constraints on virtual nodes and links to be applied on the substrate, which also has limited resources, is challenging and corresponds to the category of NP-hard problems. In this paper, we propose an approach to solve this problem by mapping the vertices of the VN as closely as possible in the substrate network and then assigning virtual edges to the shortest paths which satisfy their demands. This could enable the substrate to accommodate more VNs in the same resource database and hence optimize the substrate's bandwidth utilization. To the best of our knowledge closest node mapping proposed in this solution is a novel approach and is evaluated and compared to the existing approach of greedy node mapping in different scenarios. The sensitivity analysis by varying the different parameters and their effect on mapping VNs is also presented.
The aesthetic of war commemorations in France

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The chapter explores the form of the commemoration of "Operation Overlord" as well as its aesthetics and its function as a social and political event that intends to shape and frame both a national and transnational representation of the past. It questions the extent to which the 70th anniversary of D-Day participated in the production of commemorative norms and served new narratives for social and political purposes on an international level. It concludes that the commemoration aimed to ease social tensions by incorporating "victim" narratives; and by emphasizing national and transnational unity.
How to Approach and Observe the Peripheral Airway of the Resected Lung Using a Newly Developed Ultra-thin Fiberscope

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Commercially available bronchoscopes cannot visualize the peripheral airways, which are approximately 1 mm in diameter. We developed a 0.97-mm fiberscope and successfully observed the peripheral airways down to the alveolar level using surgically resected lung lobes.
Janus Kinase Inhibitors and the Future of Alopecia Areata

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Alopecia areata (AA) is a common auto-immune condition which results in chronic and recurrent non-scarring patchy hair loss. A continuum of conditions exists from AA to alopecia totalis (AT) and alopecia universalis (AU). Although AA is typically a self-limited condition some cases may last for months or years and a minority are indefinite. The psychological and social impacts of the condition can be substantial. To date there are no medications approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of AA and its variants. Currently available treatments are wide ranging and highly variable in their effectiveness. Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors offer a promising potential treatment for AA.
Pairwise distance descriptor for 7-AIH+

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

This data file contains the set of (nonequivalent) interatomic distance (R2) descriptors calculated between all pair of atoms of the protonated 7-azaindole molecule. The R2 descriptors are represented in vector form (size = 120) for each molecular configuration extracted from the 50 trajectory simulations. The rows of the dataset are sorted by simulation time and trajectory indices (1 to 50) in ascending order.
Effect of Bt Corn (Bt 38) Cultivation on Community Structure of Collembola

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Transgenic corn has been modified to express a gene derived from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) to combat lepidopteran pests. Bt proteins and the altered chemical composition of Bt crops may affect the role the soil fauna plays in the decomposition of Bt plants. A 2-y field study and a laboratory feeding experiment using corn leaves were conducted in northeastern China to investigate the effect of Bt corn—consisting of Bt corn (Bt 38) and a near-isoline of non-Bt corn (Z 58)—on the abundance, species richness, morphological traits, community structure, and fitness of soil Collembola. A total of 4,419 collembolans, comprised of 22 species, were recovered in this study. We found that Bt corn cultivation did not significantly affect abundance, species richness, or community structure of Collembola. Some rare isotomids of the genera Desoria Nicolet, 1841 (Collembola: Isotomidae) and Folsomia Willem, 1902 (Collembola: Isotomidae) were only recorded in non-Bt corn varieties and not in Bt corn varieties. Morphological traits, including the number of ocelli, body size, body pigmentation level, furca development, antennal length, and antenna:head ratio of Collembola were not changed by transgenic corn cultivation in the 2-y field study. Our results clearly found that the Bt corn did not affect community characteristics or traits of Collembola during this 2-y field study.
Área de campeo de Quirópteros en el término municipal de Carcaixent (Valencia): nuevas citas para el Atlas de los Mamíferos Terrestres.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The distribution of bats inhabiting Carcaixent (Valencia; 59 km2) was studied at a spatial resolution of 1 km2. Vocalizations were recorded over 5 minutes using an ultrasound detector in all squares. Five species were detected: common pipistrelle Pipistrellus pipistrellus, soprano pipistrelle P. pygmaeus, Kuhl’s pipistrelle P. kuhlii, Savi’s bat Hypsugo savii and Schreiber’s bat Miniopterus schreibersii. Individuals of Plecotus sp. and Myotis sp. were also detected, although we could not identify the species with the detectors used. The present study extends the distribution area of all these species in Spain.
Coherent Multiuser Detection

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Multiuser Detection in Frequency-Domain Spread Multicarrier CDMA Multiuser Detection in Multicarrier DS-CDMA Multiuser Detection in Time-Frequency-Domain Spread Multicarrier DS-CDMA Summary and Discussion Appendix 6.A Derivatives with Respect to Complex Vector/Matrix Appendix 6.B Matrix Inversion Appendix 6.C Suboptimal Algorithms for Maximum Likelihood Decision Multiuser Detection
A Cooperative AIS Framework for Intrusion Detection

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We present a cooperative intrusion detection approach inspired by biological immune system principles and P2P communication techniques to develop a distributed anomaly detection scheme. We utilize dynamic collaboration between individual artificial immune system (AIS) agents to address the well-known false positive problem in anomaly detection. The AIS agents use a set of detectors obtained through negative selection during a training phase and exchange status information and detectors on a periodical and event-driven basis, respectively. This cooperation scheme follows peer-to-peer communication principles in order to avoid a single point of failure and increase the robustness of the system. We illustrate our approach by means of two specific example scenarios in a novel network security simulator.
Promotion of the Principles of Corporate Social Responsibility and their Implementation by Large Businesses in Kazakhstan

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The article discusses the features of promoting the principles of corporate social responsibility in the Republic of Kazakhstan. All components of promoting the principles of corporate social responsibility in Kazakhstan are considered as a single system, which defines the conceptual framework, stakeholders in the development of corporate social responsibility, as well as legal support for its development in the country. The authors characterized the Kazakh model of corporate social responsibility of large businesses and gave examples of the practical implementation of its principles at the present stage. Social investment of subsoil user companies in the territory of their presence in the Pavlodar region was analyzed. The considered social investment was carried out within the framework of memorandums of mutual cooperation with local executive authorities. The authors formulated conclusions that the Kazakhstani corporate social responsibility model is still evolving, with a combination of state regulation and business interaction, and further efforts are needed to increase corporate social responsibility commitments and embrace global initiatives.
Finite-temperature random-phase approximation for spectroscopic properties of neon plasmas

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A finite-temperature random-phase approximation (FTRPA) is applied to calculate oscillator strengths for excitations in hot and dense plasmas. Application of the FTRPA provides a convenient, self-consistent method with which to explore coupled-channel effects of excited electrons in a dense plasma. We present FTRPA calculations that include coupled-channel effects. The inclusion of these effects is shown to cause significant differences in the oscillator strength for a prototypical case of $^{1}P$ excitation in neon when compared with single-channel and with average-atom calculations. Trends as a function of temperature and density are also discussed.
The need for frailty assessments and intervention as part of holistic occupational therapy practice

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Are occupational therapists competent to perform frailty assessments? This opinion piece asserts the argument for including frailty assessments as a routine component for baseline assessments, particularly in older individuals, or those who may be considered to be frail. Some regulatory bodies for occupational therapy, such as the Canadian Occupational Therapy Association have included frailty assessment and intervention as a core competency. Frailty is multidimensional and the risk increases with age. There are numerous risk factors that have been identified in the development of the frailty syndrome, including clinical, biological, lifestyle and sociodemographic factors. This paper offers some suggestions for the assessment of frailty, including questionnaires and informal methods. It is recommended that frailty education be included in the undergraduate curricula of occupational therapists in South Africa, and other undergraduate programmes in Africa. An overview of the advantages and disadvantages of standardised and unstandardised assessment tools should also be included as part of the programme. Frailty can be prevented with timely screening and interventions. It is concluded that frailty assessments should form part of the baseline assessment package of all aging individuals, and especially those who may have one or more or the risk factors. Implications for practice: Frailty is a clinical syndrome - particularly in older adults - that is associated with adverse health outcomes. It should be incorporated into occupational therapy practice as it impacts function directly. The authors argue that: Frailty adversely impacts on the ability of individuals to care for themselves and perform their daily occupations Frailty measures should form part of a baseline assessment, especially in older adults Frailty assessments need to be conducted in those who display one of more of the risk factors, which includes immobility, incontinence, delirium and an individual who has had one or more falls Frailty can be prevented by timely screening and focussed interventions.
Developing Precision Medicine in a Global World

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Advances in understanding the biology of cancer, as well as advances in diagnostic technologies, such as the advent of affordable high-resolution DNA sequencing, have had a major impact on the approach to identification of specific alterations in a given patient's cancer that could be used as a basis for treatment selection, and hence the development of companion diagnostics. Although there are now several examples of successful development of companion diagnostics that allow identification of patients who will achieve the greatest benefit from a new therapeutic, the path to coapproval of a diagnostic test along with a new therapeutic is complex and often inefficient. This review and the accompanying articles examine the current state of companion diagnostic development in the United States and Europe from academic, industry, regulatory, and economic perspectives. See all articles in this CCR Focus section, “The Precision Medicine Conundrum: Approaches to Companion Diagnostic Co-development.” Clin Cancer Res; 20(6); 1419–27. ©2014 AACR.
Modelling Turn-taking in a Simulation of Small Group Discussion

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The organization of taking turns at talk is an important part of any verbal interaction such as conversation, particularly in groups. Sociologists and psycholinguists have been studying turn-taking in conversation through empirical and statistical analysis, and identified some systematics in it. But to my knowledge no detailed computational modelling of verbal turn-taking has yet been attempted. This thesis describes one such attempt, for a simulation of small group discussion— that is, engaged conversation in groups of up to seven participants, which researchers have found to be much like two-person dialogues with overhearers. The group discussion is simulated by a simple multi-agent framework with a blackboard architecture, where each agent represents a participant in the discussion and the blackboard is their channel of communication, or ‘environment’ of the discussion. Agents are modelled with just a set of probabilistic parameters that give their likelihood of doing the various turn-taking decisions in the simulation: when to talk, when to continue talking, when to interrupt, when to give feedback (“uh huh”), and so on. The simulation, therefore, consists of coordinating a one-at-a-time talk (symbolic talk) with speaker transitions, hesitation, yielding or keeping the floor, and managing simultaneous talk which occurs mostly around speaker transitions. The turn-taking modelling considers whether participants are talking or not, and when they reach points of possible completion in their utterances that correspond to the places of transition-relevance, TRPs, where others could start to speak in attempts to take a new turn of talk. The agent behaviours (acts), their internal states and procedures are then described. The model is expanded with elaborate procedures for the resolution of simultaneous talk, for speaking hesitations and their potential interruption, and for the constraints of the different ‘sorts’ of utterance with respect to turn-taking: whether the TRP is free, or the speaker has selected someone to speak next, has encouraged anyone to speak, or has indicated the course of an extended multi-utterance turn at talk as in sentence beginnings like “first of all,” or “let me tell you something:. . . ”. The model and extensions are then comprehensively analysed through a series of large quantitative evaluations computing various aggregate statistics such as: the total times of single talk, multiple talk and silences; total occurrences of utterances, silences, simultaneous talk, multiple starts, middle-of-utterance attempts at talking, false-starts, abandoned utterances (interrupted by others), and more.
Post-Vaccination Serological Evaluation of COVID-19 in the Population of Kenitra, Morocco

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV- 2) is responsible for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and is considered one of the most challenging pandemics of the 21st century. This complex situation has brought together scientists and healthcare professionals to develop new vaccines that are both safe and quick to produce. Method The present study aims to evaluate the effects of COVID-19 vaccination on the serology of 701 patients attending healthcare centers in the province of Kenitra (Rabat-Salé- Kenitra region) based on various demographic and clinical parameters. The types of vaccines administered (Sinopharm, AstraZeneca, Johnson & Johnson, Pfizer) and vaccination schedules were examined, highlighting variations in immune responses. Subsequently, logistic regression analysis was used to assess the contributions of variables such as age, gender, comorbidities, types of vaccines administered, and history of COVID-19 infection. Results Data analysis reveals a slight female predominance among participants (55.9%), a diverse age distribution ([55-60], 12.8%), and a significant prevalence of comorbidities, mainly diabetes and hypertension (49.9% with diabetes). The results showed that age and history of COVID-19 infection had a significant influence on serological responses. Conclusion This finding could help practitioners and public health professionals optimize vaccination strategies for future epidemics. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 24 No. 02 April’25 Page : 478-486
THEORETICAL COMPUTATION AND DETECTION OF THE ATMOSPHERIC GRAVITY SIGNALS

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Based on the standard atmospheric law and atmospheric colunm distribution model,the atmospheric gravity Green's functions are introduced in this paper, the atmospheric influence on gravity measurements is obtained using a discrete convolution method, the influence of the station height the topography around station and the temperature on gravity signal are discussed. The results show that the air pressure change near station is the main contributor to gravity signals. Considering the loading contribution due to the deformation of the elastic Earth, the atmospheric gravity admittance is obtained to be - 0.3603(Gal / hPa when integrating an area with an angular distance of 0.5°which occupies about 90% of the total atmospheric gravity signals due to the global change of the pressure. This model value coincides well with those observed with superconducting gravimeters and can be used effectively to remove the pressure perturbations appearing in the tidal gravity observations.
Polyurethane Grout Injection as Remedial Measure to Reduce Differential Heave in Pavement Sections Constructed over Expansive Soils

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Flexible pavement sections constructed over expansive soil deposits often undergo significant damage due to volume changes in the underlying soil strata. When expansive soil deposits are confined to shallow depths, conventional rehabilitation methods can be pursued. However, such treatment strategies become impractical for expansive soil deposits deeper than 1 m from the pavement surface. In such cases, alternative remedial measures are needed to dissipate the soil-generated swelling stresses. A recently completed research study investigated the differential heaving problem along a roadway segment near the Idaho–Oregon border. Laboratory characterization of soil samples indicated the presence of highly expansive soils up to depths of 7.6 m from the pavement surface. The current study focused on evaluating the suitability of a high-density polyurethane (HDP) grout injection as a potential remedial measure for this pavement section. Laboratory testing of unbound materials treated with HDP indicated significant improvements in resilient modulus and shear strength properties. Finite element modeling of the problematic pavement section indicated that, depending on the treated layer thickness, the differential heave magnitude can be reduced significantly.
Effects of Stearic Acid on the Watertightness Properties of the Cementitious Materials

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

It is well known that the properties of concrete such as the compressive strength, water permeability, water tightness and durability are affected by micro-structure in hardened cement paste. Especially, for durability of concrete, watertightness of cementitious materials is the most critical property among various properties. Recently, many types of materials as organic and/or inorganic materials are used for watertightness of concrete. In this study, The effect of Stearic Acid at 0.5 wt%~3.0 wt% adding ratios on the hydration and watertightness property of cement were investigated. And we also discussed the changing of microstructure in hardened cement paste by addition of Stearic Acid. Cement paste with Stearic Acid showed improvement of watertightness by reducing of cement total pore volume and decomposition of Stearic Acid.