jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A taxonomic and cladistic analysis of the west European genusMonobella(Collembola, Neanuridae)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The genus Monobellu Cassagnau, 1979 (Collembola) is redefined. Four new species and one new subspecies are described from Pyrenees and Cevennes (France) on the basis of labrum morphology, tubercle arrangement on tergites and chaetotaxy of somites: Monobellu culvu sp. n., Monobellu eduphica sp. n., Monobellu grussei minor ssp. n., Monobellu juu sp. n., and Monobellu rousseti sp. n. The subspecies Monobellu grussei dubiu Deharveng, 1986 is reassigned to specific level. A key to the 14 species and subspecies of Monobellu is given. Except M. g. minor ssp. n. which is present in the Pyrenees and the Massif Central and the widespread M. g. grussei (Denis, 1923), all Monobellu species and subspecies are narrow endemics of the Pyrenean range; their distribution is mapped in details. A phylogenetic analysis is performed, taking into account the high level of polymorphism of some characters and the incomplete genetic isolation between certain subspecies, indicated in the field by the presence of narrow hybrid zones. Though obtained under different assumptions and constraints, the most parsimonious cladograms exhibit only slight differences, and the proposed phyletic reconstruction can be considered as robust. It adequately reflects the known distribution of the species in the Pyrenees, it confirms the monophyly of the species M. grussei and supports, in agreement with field distribution data, the idea that reticulate evolution might have occurred in this taxon. © The Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters
The Rise of Heatstroke as a Method of Depopulating Pigs and Poultry: Implications for the US Veterinary Profession

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Depopulation of food-producing animals is becoming increasingly common in response to both disease outbreaks and supply chain disruptions. In 2019, the American Veterinary Medical Association released depopulation guidelines classifying certain heatstroke-based killing methods as “permitted in constrained circumstances”, when circumstances of the emergency constrain reasonable implementation of “preferred” methods. Since then, tens of millions of birds and pigs have been killed by such methods, termed ventilation shutdown (VSD) Plus Heat and VSD Plus High Temperature and Humidity. While no research using validated measures of animal welfare assessment has been performed on these methods, their pathophysiology suggests that animals are likely to experience pain, anxiety, nausea, and heat distress prior to loss of consciousness. Heatstroke-based methods may result in prolonged suffering and often do not achieve 100% mortality. Potential and available alternative depopulation methods are briefly reviewed. The veterinary profession’s ethical obligation to protect animal welfare in the context of depopulations is discussed.
Characteristics of wind forces on airport control towers

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Characteristics of wind forces on airport control towers with typical plans and with C without the office buildings were investigated by a wind tunnel .The results obtained are discussed from the view point of securing of serviceability of the tower in strong winds. Main results are as follows, (1) In the case of without the office building, towers consisted of three legs of triangular cross-section are advantageous.(2) In the case of with the office building wind force behaviors were comparatively improved for all towers.
Integration in the Regions: Cross-sectoral Housing Policy Co-ordination at Regional Level

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper considers policy integration between housing and other sectors at regional level, focusing on Regional Development Agencies (RDAs) and regional planning. Regional housing structures and policies have had only a marginal impact on other sectors and this seems to be due in part to the fragmented nature of the housing sector, in particular to limited private sector involvement in regional housing structures. RDA emphasis on economic growth over social and regeneration issues also acts as a barrier to RDA engagement with housing. Housing involvement in planning is hindered by lengthy and cumbersome planning processes. Fragmentation and lack of co-ordination, in fact, seem to be characteristic of the regional level in England and this acts as a general barrier to integration, along with the lack of a mechanism for dealing with conflicting priorities, pointing to a pressing need for the government's proposed directly elected Regional Assemblies.
Mutagenicity and mutagens of the red chili pepper as gallbladder cancer risk factor in Chilean women.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

High consumption of red chili pepper has been shown to be a risk factor for gallbladder cancer (GBC) in Chilean women with gallstones, and included mutagens may be important in this context. We aimed to investigate the mutagenicity and mutagens in Chilean red chili pepper in the Ames test using Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98, TA1537, TA100, and TA1535 with and without metabolic activation (S9 mix). Pure capsaicin was tested for mutagenicity using strain TA98. The presence of aflatoxins was evaluated by two-dimensional thin layer chromatography, and then the concentrations of aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, and G2 were measured by an HPLC system. In strain TA98, the mean numbers of revertant colonies with and without the S9 mix were 2.5- and 2.2-fold higher than those of each negative control, respectively. However, pure capsaicin did not show mutagenic activity in strain TA98. Aflatoxin contamination of red chili pepper was confirmed, and the concentrations of aflatoxins B1 and G1 were 4.4 ng/g and 0.5 ng/g, respectively. Our findings suggest that low-level but protracted exposure to aflatoxins may be associated with the development of GBC in Chilean women who carry gallstones.
Sources: Introduction to the World’s Major Religions

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

accentuates the colonial development of Canada and the United States, and Colonial America highlights current historical thought on the colonial period in the United States Furthermore, Iberia and the Americas deals exclusively with the imperial powers of Spain and Portugal.One final notable difference is that Colonial America and Encyclopedia of the North American Colonies both devote individual articles to blacks as well as offer entries on slavery and related topics.In contrast, Iberia
Private Conflict Regulation and the Influence of Peasant Communities over Natural Resources

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Until recently, the Peruvian government to a great extent has given corporations the responsibility for resolving the increasing number of conflicts with local communities in mining localities. In the literature on political and economic reforms, mobilization, and democratic influence, few studies have addressed the role of corporations in relation to those processes. This study contributes an analysis of how corporate-community relations affect communities’ ability to mobilize and influence mining projects. The article is based on two case studies in which local communities pursued different demands and analyzes how corporations used various strategies to deal with demands and protests. The empirical analysis demonstrates that local communities can achieve influence by opposing projects as well as by collaborating with corporations. However, these forms of mobilization have different impacts on the collective identities and organizational structures that are essential to the scope of democratic influence for those groups.
Proceedings of the Naval Postgraduate School and Office of Naval Research conference on Military Education for the 21st Century Warrior.

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Naval Postgraduate School, Office of Naval Research. Professional Military Education for the 21st Century Warrior. Conference Proceedings. 15 - 16 January 1998, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, California. Reported by Shelly A Jones and Judy A. Daniel. Compiled by Barbara Honegger. Cover design by LT Craig Anderson. Edite by CDR Michael D. Palatas.
Design of a low power 7-bit serial counter with energy economized pass-transistor logic (EEPL)

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Energy Economized Pass-transistor Logic (EEPL) is proposed. Adopting the principle of regenerative positive feedback with pMOS switches, we reduce the power in comparison with CPL and SRPL. To demonstrate the performance of EEPL, a low power 7-bit serial counter is designed. The operating speed is about 250 MHz with 0.6 /spl mu/m 3.3 V CMOS process.
PS02.193: A CASE OF LARGE CELL NEUROENDOCRINE CARCINOMA OF THE ESOPHAGOGASTRIC JUNCTION

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background The frequency of occurrence of neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) in the upper gastrointestinal tract is low, and especially large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) is extremely rare disease. We report a case of LCNEC of the esophagogastric junction with relapse-free survival in 1 year and 3 months after surgical treatment. Methods An 81 - year—old Japanese man was referred to our hospital because of a semicircular ulcerative lesion in the esophagogastric junction (EGJ) by esophagogastroduodenoscopy of routine medical checkup. Biopsy from the lesion showed proliferation of tumor cells with clear nuclear bodies and irregular nuclei. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) demonstrated weakly positive staining of AE1/AE3, and CD3, CD20, S-100 and HMB 45 were negative. Computed tomography (CT) revealed a thickened wall of the EGJ and a lymphadenopathy of the cardiac node without any metastases to other organs. The patient was diagnosed with carcinoma in EJG, Stage III T3N1M0. We performed thoracoscopic esophagectomy with two-filed lymphadenectomy. Results Macroscopically, the ulcerative tumor measured 55 × 50mm invaded to the adventitia and was approximately centered in the EGJ. Histologically, the tumor cells showed large nuclei with highly frequent mitoses. IHC revealed that tumor was LCNEC positive for synaptophysin. One lymph node metastasis was found among 39 dissected lymph nodes. Finally, the pathological stage was T3N1M0, IIIA. On postoperative day 7, we performed the drainage for intra-abdominal abscess. He was discharged on postoperative day 44. Adjuvant chemotherapy was not performed, because the patient refused it. He was well and had no evidence of recurrence 15 months after surgery. Conclusion LCNECs of the esophagus or stomach are very rare but highly malignant tumors. It is expected that the number of reports of LCNEC in the upper gastrointestinal tract will increase. It is necessary to collect information on more cases to improve prognosis and to establish appropriate treatment guidelines. Disclosure All authors have declared no conflicts of interest.
Feasibility and initial outcomes of a multifaceted prevention programme of melioidosis in diabetic patients in Ubon Ratchathani, northeast Thailand

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background Melioidosis is an infection caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei, a Gram-negative bacillus found in soil and water. Diabetes mellitus is the most important risk factor for melioidosis. The recommendations for disease prevention include avoiding direct contact with soil and water, and drinking only boiled or bottled water. Methods A prospective intervention study was conducted to evaluate the feasibility and behavioural outcomes of a multifaceted prevention programme for melioidosis. Participants were diabetic adults in Ubon Ratchathani, northeast Thailand. Ten behavioural support groups consisting of 6 to 10 participants per group were conducted. Twelve behaviour change techniques were used: information about health consequences, credible source, adding objects to the environment, reconstructing the physical environment, instruction on how to perform a behaviour, demonstration of the behaviour, commitment, prompts/cues, self-monitoring of behaviour, goal setting, feedback on behaviour, and social support, and their feasibilities evaluated. Results There were 70 participants, of median age 59 years and 52 (74%) were female. Participants found the intervention beneficial, interesting and engaging. Participants indicated that they liked to watch videos with information about melioidosis delivered by local doctors and patients who survived melioidosis, and videos showing use of over-the-knee boots by local farmers. Participants felt engaged in the sessions that trialed protective gear and that made calendars with individual photographs and self-pledges as a reminder tool. The proportions of participants reporting that they always wore boots while working in rice fields increased from 30% (10/33) to 77% (28/37, p = 0.04), and that they drank only boiled or bottle water increased from 43% (30/70) to 86% (59/69, p<0.001) at 6 months post intervention. Conclusion The programme is highly acceptable to participants, and can support behaviour change. Policy makers should consider implementing the programme in areas where melioidosis is endemic. Making calendars with individual photographs and self-pledges as a reminder tool could be powerful in behaviour change interventions, and further research on this component is needed.
ANALYSIS OF DRUG RESISTANCE OF ESCHERICHIA COLI THAT PRODUCE BOTH ESBLS AND AMPC B-LACTAMASES

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

[Objective] To analyze the drug resistance of Escherichia coli produced by both ESBLs and AmpC, so as to guide the reasonable drug use in clinic. [Methods] A total of 298 consecutive nonduplicate isolates of Escherichia coli were collected at haikou city people’s hospital from November 2006 to October 2007, using identified test according to CLSI and three-dimensional test to detect ESBLs and AmpCβ-lactamases in the isolates respectively. [Results] 65.4% of the isolates were confirmed as ESBL-positive (195 / 298), and 30.5% of them were resistant to cefoxitin (91 / 298), 7.7% of the ESBL-positive Escherichia coli acompanied AmpCβ-lactamases (23 / 298); All the isolates producing both ESBLs and AmpC β-lactamases were sensitive to Imipenem and Meropenem (100%), but resistant to the rest ofβ-lactam antibiotics especially to the third generation cephalosporin (100%). The drug resistant percentages of these isolates to other antibiotics was higher than the isolates produce ESBLs only or unproduction ESBLs. [Conclusion] The most important organism that make Escherichia coli resistant toβ-lactam antibiotics produces ESBLs, and carbapenemases can be used to treat infection caused by both enzymes.
[Chronopharmacology of pancuronium in rats anesthetized by CT 1341 (Alfatésine)].

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

A circadian variation in the curarizing ability of pancuronium bromide (Pavulon) has been documented in an homogenous group of 100 Wistar AF-SPF adult male rats anaesthetized by the steroid anaesthetic althesin (Alfatésine, CT 1341). Animals were maintained at 24 +/- 2 degrees C and synchronized with natural light 06.00 to 18.00 and darkness (october 1977). We observed significant circadian rhythms for both of these agents: first the induction of anaesthesia by althesin was markedly pronounced at 15.30 and varied with season. Secondly the maximum effect of pancuronium was recorded at 08.00. When rats were anaesthetized by sodium pentobarbital under similar experimental conditions but during a different season (january to may) we observed a similar circadian rhythm for pancuronium. These data indicate that: a) the type of anaesthesia used in the protocol may not be of importance in demonstration of a curarizing rhythm in the rat but, b) the possibility of a seasonal component being present and effecting this rhythm needs to be investigated.
Study on the influence mechanism of gangue mixing rate and top coal recovery rate under different lumpiness conditions

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, for the S5207 working face of the 3# coal seam of Yuwu Coal Industry, numerical calculations are used to simulate the initial coal discharge process under different top coal lumpiness conditions, and the variation law of top coal recovery rate and gangue mixing rate, the optimal mixing rate, the morphological characteristics of the top coal discharge body and the coal-rock interface are studied. The results show that the smaller the top coal lump, the higher the recovery rate of top coal, and the increase of the gangue mixing rate and the recovery rate of the top coal increase, which increases faster in the range of 3%-9% of the gangue mixing rate. The analysis determines the optimal mixing rate under different lumpiness conditions. The smaller the lumpiness, the more round the discharge body is, and the larger the volume. In the middle and late stages of coal discharge, with the increase of the mixing rate, the development degree of the discharge body level increased. There are two continuous curves of curvature at the interface of coal and rock, and the lump degree and gangue mixing rate are the main controlling factors affecting its morphology and slope. This study provides theoretical guidance for the actual intelligent fully integrated mining.
Activation of hidden nonlocality using local filtering operations based on CGLMP inequality

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Entanglement is necessary but not sufficient to demonstrate nonlocality as there exist local entangled states which do not violate any Bell inequality. In recent years, the activation of nonlocality (known as hidden nonlocality) by using local filtering operations has gained considerable interest. In the original proposal of Popescu [Phys. Rev. Lett. 74, 2619 (1995)] the hidden nonlocality was demonstrated for the Werner class of states in $d \geq 5$. In this paper, we demonstrate the hidden nonlocality for a class of mixed entangled states (convex mixture of a pure state and color noise) in an arbitrary $d$-dimensional system using suitable local filtering operations. For our demonstration, we consider the quantum violation of Collins-Linden-Gisin-Masser-Popescu (CGLMP) inequality which has hitherto not been considered for this purpose. We show that when the pure state in the aforementioned mixed entangled state is a maximally entangled state, the range of the mixing parameter for revealing hidden nonlocality increases with increasing the dimension of the system. Importantly, we find that for $d \geq 8$, hidden non-locality can be revealed for the whole range of mixing parameter. Further, by considering another pure state, the maximally CGLMP-violating state, we demonstrate the activation of nonlocality by using the same local filtering operation.
Conjugates of monocyclic β-lactams and siderophore mimetics: a patent evaluation (WO2023023393)

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Finding new strategies to tackle bacterial resistance to β-lactam antibiotics is critical. Considering that β lactams are validated and safe drugs, this research may stimulate the field to develop new ideas in the arena of antimicrobial drug discovery, particularly with respect to siderophore mimetics.
Atmospheric and Fundamental Parameters of the Individual Components of Multiple Stellar Systems

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract We present detailed analyses of eight triple stellar systems (lying between 20 and 155 pc) and nine quadruple stellar systems (lying between 20 and 250 pc) with different configurations. Most of these systems are hierarchical. The systems are HIP 4239, HIP 5588, HIP 11072, HIP 12548, HIP 13498, HIP 17895, HIP 19915, HIP 22607, HIP 25240, HIP 28614, HIP 41171, HIP 51255, HIP 51966, HIP 54611, HIP 78977, HIP 89234, and HIP 111805. We followed a method that can be applied to all multiple stellar systems, including the main sequence and subgiant evolutionary stages, to obtain their masses, ages, and atmospheric and fundamental parameters. These parameters were assured by the combined analysis of the astrometric measurements, photometric measurements, dynamical analysis, synthetic photometry, metallicity, and positions of the components on the H-R diagram. The estimated individual masses are of higher accuracy than those given by the dynamical solutions and listed in the MSC. The results show that all components of each of these systems have precisely the same age and metallicity. This ensures that fragmentation is the most probable theory for the formation of these multiple stellar systems. A quadratic fit was calculated for the mass–luminosity relation of the main-sequence subset components. We found that the primary component in all of these systems has evolved off the main-sequence stage, and some of these stars have already entered the subgiant stage.
France Divided: The French and the Civil War in Spain. By David Wingeate Pike. (Brighton, England: Sussex Academic Press, 2011. Pp. xx, 433. $99.95.)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

"France Divided: The French and the Civil War in Spain. By David Wingeate Pike. (Brighton, England: Sussex Academic Press, 2011. Pp. xx, 433. $99.95.)." The Historian, 75(4), pp. 908–909
Optimal Sensor Placement and Leak/Burst Localisation in a Water Distribution System Using Spatially-Constrained Inverse-Distance Weighted Interpolation

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Water loss from water distribution systems (WDS) is an ongoing problem which poses a significant risk to water resources around the world. This paper presents a novel combined sensor placement – leak/burst localisation methodology which forms, and analyses by using sc inverse-distance weighted (IDW) interpolation, a sensitivity matrix to determine, on average, how accurately each sensor configuration localises leaks/bursts modelled at all nodes in a WDS. For a given number of sensors, the multi-objective evolutionary algorithm determines the optimal location of sensors to maximise the leak/burst localisation performance using the sc-IDW outputs in its objective function. Once the optimal sensor location is selected, the sc-IDW technique is used when new leaks/bursts occur in the WDS to determine their approximate location. A benchmark WDS was used to compare the leak/burst localisation performance against a baseline sensor placement technique. The comparison indicated that by using the sc-IDW technique for both the sensor placement and leak/burst localisation steps the leak/burst search area was reduced in size by between 9 and 26%. Reducing the leak/burst search area allows field teams to more quickly repair a leak/burst and reduce the impact that it has on water company operational efficiency and customer service.