jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Effect of using Direct Acting Antivirals on the Synthetic Liver Functions in Treatment-Naïve Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection Genotype 4

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background and aim of the study Interferon-free direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) combination therapies, including sofosbuvir (SOF), daclatasvir (DCV) and paritaprevir -r/ombitasvir therapy with or without ribavirin, eradicate chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) in a high percentage of patients, but its impact on improvement of synthetic liver function is unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of DAAs on the synthetic functions of the liver in treatment- naïve chronic HCV genotype 4 patients who treated by different regimens of DAAs for 12 weeks and achieved a sustained virological response at 12 weeks after treatment completion (SVR 12). Patients and Methods From September 2017 to March 2018, 150 treatment- naïve chronic HCV genotype 4 Egyptian patients received different DAAs regimens for 12 weeks were enrolled for this prospective cohort study, to evaluate the effect of DAAs on serum albumin, total bilirubin, INR, prothrombin concentration and platelets count at the end of treatment (WK12) and at week 12 post treatment in comparison to baseline. Patients were categorized to three groups; Group 1 (easy to treat) included 60 patients treated by SOF/DAC regimen, Group 2 (Difficult to treat) included 60 patients treated by SOF/DAC + ribavirin regimen and Group 3 included 30 chronic HCV patients with chronic kidney disease (eGFR ≤ 30 ml/min and Haemoglobin level &gt;10g/dl) treated by Qurevo (paritaprevir-r/ombitasvir) + ribavirin and all included patients were treated for 12 weeks and achieved a sustained virological response at week 12 post treatment (SVR 12). Results There was a statistically highly significant improvement of serum albumin, total bilirubin, PC and INR (P = 0.001) among groups 1 and 2 patients at both time points _the end of treatment and WK12 post treatment_ (except for s. total bilirubin; P value was 0.11 at the end of treatment as compared to baseline). Platelets count showed a statistically highly significant improvement (P = 0.001) at both time points among group 1 patients, however among groups 2 and 3, it showed a statistically highly significant decline at the end of treatment (P = 0.001) as compared to baseline then showed a statistically highly significant improvement at WK12 post treatment (P = 0.001) among group 2 patients and (P = 0.027) among group 3 patients as compared to baseline value. Among group 3 cases there was a statistically significant improvement of serum albumin (P = 0.001) and PC (P = 0.025) at WK12 post treatment as compared to baseline. Conclusion In conclusion, based on analysis of all laboratory parameters in this study, we can conclude that direct acting antiviral therapy (DAAs) is effective in improvement of synthetic liver functions in chronic hepatitis C genotype 4 patients who achieved a sustained virological response.
"What is a brickmaker?" : an occupational folklife study of the brick industry in Chipman, New Brunswick

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This study explores the central question "What is a brickmaker?" Focusing on a group of brickmakers in Chipman, New Brunswick, I examine how the men themselves determine the perimeters of their occupation and define their work and workplace. By privileging the workers' actual words and by looking at the larger themes of their collected narratives, I identify and reveal the subgenre of recognized occupational folklife such as canons of work technique, accident, prank and close-call narratives, beliefs, legends and jokes. I consider the larger implications of brickmaking to ask: "What is a brickmaker to the village of Chipman?" I argue that meanings of the term "brickmaker" to the actual brickmakers must inform an understanding of the occupation and its implications for the workers and their community.
Longevity, Health Spending, and Pay-as-you-Go Pensions

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This paper aims at investigating whether or not a utilitarian social planner should subsidize longevity-enhancing expenditures in an economy with a pay-as-you-go pension system. For that purpose, a two-period overlapping-generations model is developed, in which the probability of survival to the second period can be raised by private health spending. Focusing on the steady state, it is shown that the sign of the optimal subsidy on health expenditures tends to be negative when the replacement ratio is sufficiently large. Moreover, the optimal health subsidy is also shown to depend significantly on individual preferences and on the longevity production process.
ANESTHETIC MANAGEMENT OF FEMORAL FRACTURE REPAIR IN A PATIENT WITH CERVICAL MYELOPATHY, AUTONOMIC DYSFUNCTION, AND DIFFICULT AIRWAY.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Spinal stenosis is a potentially serious condition that can lead to myelopathies and autonomic instability, both of which, as a result, may complicate anesthetic management. Additionally, neuraxial anesthesia appears to increase the risk of worsened neurological outcomes in this population. A 56-year-old female with spinal stenosis, autonomic dysfunction, and known difficult airway who required anesthesia for repair of a femur fracture is presented. After pre-operative arterial line and femoral block placement, an ultrasound guided subarachnoid block was safely placed. This supports the notion that in the appropriate setting, a safe, successful neuraxial blockade can be performed when a general anesthetic may be fraught with more risk.
The Corporate University, Academic Freedom, and American Exceptionalism

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In the first part of this essay, I sketch some of the material conditions that comprise the contemporary corporate university: a job market dominated by contingent labor (non-tenure-track positions) and increasingly by part-time labor; the cooptation of links between scholarship and activism (particularly noticeable in ethnic studies and Native American studies programs) by the traditional scholarly agenda of “disinterested” individualized research; and the force of this agenda coupled with the changing labor market to stymie collaborative progressive action within the university. I then suggest the way these conditions have operated in two cases with which I have been centrally involved: faculty governance at Cornell University, and the firing of Ward Churchill by the University of Colorado at Boulder. In the second part of the essay, in addition to the Churchill case, I survey the cases of some scholars who have found themselves under attack by their own universities either for their activism, their scholarship, or a combination of both. By looking closely at the cases of Churchill, Norman Finkelstein, and Nadia Abu El Haj, I conclude that what these cases have in common is that all these scholars have mounted critiques of Israeli and American exceptionalism. I define exceptionalism as a mode of producing history outside of history, as a way of reading history ahistorically in order to create a coherent narrative—one that appears to be without contradiction—that we call the Nation. In particular, the exceptionalist mode functions to deny the violent displacement of indigenous peoples by settler colonialism.
[A case of Ewing's sarcoma of the right femur associated with pulmonary metastases detected by fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A 32-year-old man was referred to our hospital because of a nodular shadow on his chest x-ray film. Chest computed tomography scan revealed multiple nodules in both lungs. Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery was performed to diagnose the tumor. Microscopic examination of the resected specimen showed tumor connecting of small round cells. Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography demonstrated strongly increased uptake in the right femur. Subsequently, magnetic resonance imaging showed a well defined mass, approximately 5cm in diameter, in the right lateral femur with isointensity on T1-weighted images and high intensity on T2-weighted images. A needle biopsy of the tumor of the right femur was performed. Pathological examination revealed the same findings of the pulmonary lesions. Immunohistochemical staining was positive for CD99 in the tumor cells. Ewing's sarcoma gene rearrangement was found using fluorescence in situ hybridization on frozen-section specimens. Based on these findings, a diagnosis of Ewing's sarcoma was made. The patient died 13 months after the initial detection of the disease despite intensive chemotherapy. In cases of multiple pulmonary nodular lesions in a young patient, metastatic tumors arising from bone soft tissue should be included in the differential diagnosis.
Experimental study of the regulation of ginsenoside Rh2 combined with pirarubicin on bladder cancer BIU-87 cell apoptosis and invasion

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective: To study the effect of ginsenoside Rh2 combined with pirarubicin on bladder cancer \nBIU-87 cell apoptosis and invasion. Methods: Bladder cancer BIU-87 cells were cultured \nand divided into control group, pirarubicin group, ginsenoside group and combined treatment \ngroup, and the cell growth and invasion as well as the expression levels of related genes \nwas determined. Results: After treatment for 24 h, 48 h and 72 h, cell growth and invasion \nof pirarubicin group, ginsenoside group and combined treatment group were significantly \ninhibited, cell growth inhibition rate of combined treatment group was significantly higher \nthan that of pirarubicin group and ginsenoside group, and the number of invasive cells was \nsignificantly less than those of pirarubicin group and ginsenoside group. After treatment for 24 h, \n48 h and 72 h, the mRNA levels of Bcl-2 and CXCR-4 in cells and SDF-1 levels in supernatant \nof pirarubicin group, ginsenoside group and combined treatment group were significantly \nlower than those of control group, and mRNA levels of Bax in cells were significantly higher \nthan that of control group; the mRNA levels of Bcl-2 and CXCR-4 in cells and SDF-1 level \nin supernatant of combined treatment group were significantly lower than those of pirarubicin \ngroup and ginsenoside group, and mRNA level of Bax in cells was significantly higher than \nthose of pirarubicin group and ginsenoside group. Conclusion: Ginsenoside Rh2 combined \nwith pirarubicin can promote bladder cancer cell apoptosis and inhibit bladder cancer cell \ninvasion, and Bcl-2/Bax and SDF-1/CXCR-4 are the molecular targets of drug action.
A Coagulo-Flocculation Test for Malignant Tumors

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The study of protein fractions of normal serums, those in various diseases, and malignant tumors led to the development of a diagnostic procedure for malignant tumors. The essential constituents are: (1) Blood serum inactivated at 55°C. for 1/2 hour, which should be neither contaminated nor hemolized. (2) The antigen is prepared by extracting finely ground beef heart with 95% alcohol in the ratio 1:10 for 3 days at 37°C. and overnight at room temperature and then filtering. (3) A 1/2% watery solution of sodium sulphate serves as antigen diluent. The serums are diluted before their use in the test according to the percentage of hemoglobin. Dare's hemoglobinometer is used as a standard, and to the percentage of hemoglobin obtained 10 is added and the sum is divided by 20, which gives the dilution for the respective serum. (For instance, the reading was 70% plus 10 = 80 20 = 4. The dilution of the serum in this case would be 1:4.) Where the Dare reading is 45% or less, the serums should be diluted only to 1:3. All serums are diluted with the antigen—sodium sulphate mixture up to 1:3, and if a further dilution is necessary it is done with distilled water. Titration of antigens is carried out as follows: Increasing amounts of undiluted antigen (.16 cc, .18 cc, .20 cc, .24 cc, .26 cc, etc.) are placed in the corresponding tubes of 2 rows, (each with 8 tubes). In each tube of the first row 0.6 cc. of the diluted malignant serum are added and each tube of the back row received 0.6 cc. of the diluted normal serum. The serums (0.2 cc.) when added to the antigen-sodium sulphate mixture (0.4 cc.) are diluted 1:3; if the serum requires a further dilution, it is done with distilled water before the addition of the serum.
Cures in Childhood Cancer

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Dramatic advances have been made in the treatment and potential cure of childhood cancer in the past two decades. In the case of the most common childhood malignancy, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, Mauer wrote in 1969 that he did "not think that the attempt to encourage parents by discussion of the possibility of a cure being found is any real help to the parents in facing the inevitable consequences of this disease." By 1973, Pochedley, while noting that the great majority of patients would die from disease, commented that "remissions can last five or more years and in a few patients they seem to be permanent." In 1989, Poplack stated that "about 60% of children with this disease achieve prolonged disease-free survival (over 5 years from diagnosis) and most of these patients are considered to be cured." In this review, data are presented in support of the conclusion that cures can be found for oven half of the children in this country in whom the diagnosis of cancer is made. The focus is not on clinical presentations but on staging systems, treatment principles, and outcomes for the most common pediatric malignancies. DATA ANALYSIS AND POTENTIAL BIAS IN DATA In the United States, the great majority of children with cancer are treated by pediatric hematologists/oncologists who are members of a cooperative study group (the Pediatric Oncology Group and the Children's Cancer Study Group); major reports of treatment results are based on data concerning children participating in groupwide, multi-institution studies, in single large institutions (usually with affiliates), or in intergroup studies.
Perception of coaching efficacy : a comparison between athletes of individual and team-based sports

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This study aimed to identify if athletes' perception of their coach's effectiveness had an effect on the following athlete-related outcomes- enjoyment and commitment in sports, as well as perception of their own physical abilities. It also aimed to establish if there is a difference in how individual and team-based sports athletes perceive coaching effectiveness. Participants were 204 competitive athletes (individual = 100, team = 104) who completed a questionnaire measuring their perception of their coach's effectiveness in four subscales, as well as their enjoyment and commitment in sport, and their perceived physical ability. Correlation tests were carried out to determine if there was a relationship between the athletes' perception of coaching effectiveness and the athlete-related outcomes. A Mann-Whitney U test was run to determine if there was a difference in how individual and team sport athletes score their coaches' effectiveness. There was a significant, positive relationship between athletes' perceptions of coaching effectiveness and the measured athlete-related outcomes but no significant differences in the scores of coaching effectiveness between individual and team sport athletes. Perception of coaching effectiveness had the strongest impact on the enjoyment of athletes out of the measured athlete-related outcomes. In conclusion, perception of athletes regarding the effectiveness of their coaches can implicate the enjoyment; commitment, and perceived physical ability of athletes but the type of sport may not influence an athlete's perception of their coach's effectiveness.
A review of Spinosyns, a derivative of biological acting substances as a class of insecticides with a broad range of action against many insect pests

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Spinosyns are a class of insecticides with a broad range of action against many insect pests belonging to different orders, noxious to a wide variety of agricultural crops; spinosyns were also used against insects of sanitary interest. Spinosyns are derivative of biological active substances produced by soil Actinomycete <em>Saccharopolyspora</em> <em>spinosa</em>; being of biological origin, they are considered to have a low environmental impact and they are not much aggressive against nontarget species. They act as allosteric activators of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors; thanks to their mode of action the resistance phenomena are uncommon, even few cases of resistance were recently reported. For all these reasons at present they are one of the most interesting product to be used in fighting against agriculture pests.
Colour Theory in Healthcare Corporate Identity

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This study aims to analyse the colours associated with Portuguese healthcare units and medical centres—namely the colour of their logo, through environmental colour mapping—and understand if the colour management choices match the desired perception of a healthcare unit and identify new colour combinations that can serve as a differentiation factor and simultaneously get the desired interpretation of the brand. The logos of 24 healthcare centres were randomly selected. The images were collected through the SNS web page dedicated to each facility and were later processed in Adobe Photoshop CC. The colours of each logo were catalogued and sorted according to their hue. It was observed that the majority of the colours used corresponded to blues and greens, which was to be expected considering their symbolism: stability, calm, relaxation, and serenity. Lastly, four new colour schemes were created, which, in addition to being differentiated from the previously identified schemes, are evocative of desirable characteristics for a brand associated with a healthcare unit.
Fibroma of Tendon Sheath of the Hand: Clinical and Pathological Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Presented are seven cases of the rare tumour known as fibroma of tendon sheath of the hand. Diagnosis was uncertain before surgery. When the lesions were removed, they resembled schwannomas. Immunohistochemistry helped distinguish these tumours from giant cell tumours of the flexor sheath and schwannomas. The authors recommend that fibroma of the tendon sheath be included in the differential diagnosis of soft tissue neoplasms of the hand.
Hydrolagus matallanasi sp. nov. (Holocephali, Chimaeridae) a new species of rabbitfish from southern Brazil

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Soto, Jules M. R., Vooren, Carolus M. (2004): Hydrolagus matallanasi sp. nov. (Holocephali, Chimaeridae) a new species of rabbitfish from southern Brazil. Zootaxa 687: 1-10, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.169415
The Ex-Factor: Attachment Anxiety and Social Comparisons Across Romantic Relationships

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Abstract Individuals high in attachment anxiety often experience persistent negative self-perceptions and heightened sensitivity toward perceived relationship threats. These characteristics may extend into past romantic relationships. This study examined whether individual differences in attachment style predict self-evaluations and relationship social comparison frequency. Two hundred and fifty-nine individuals rated themselves, their partner, and their current partner's ex-partner (CPE) or their ex-partner's current partner (ECP) on several dimensions. Individuals high in attachment anxiety experienced more relationship uncertainty but were not less satisfied than individuals low in attachment anxiety. They also made more comparisons in general and to relationships involving an ex-partner, and viewed themselves less positively than they viewed their CPE/ECP. Findings are discussed with respect to the influence that past relationships might hold over anxiously attached individuals’ current relationships.
Contractility of endotoxic atria.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Previous studies showed that atria of guinea pigs pretreated with endotoxin had a reduced sensitivity to norepinephrine. Since accumulation of [3H]norepinephrine was reduced in atria from endotoxin-treated guinea pigs, the reduced responsiveness of such atria to norepinephrine cannot be explained on the basis of endotoxin effect on the uptake of the amine. In the present study, the relative enhancement of the contractile force of the atria during paired stimulation in endotoxic and control animals was of equal magnitude. The results indicate that reduced sensitivity to norepinephrine may not be related only to endotoxin effect on the contractility of the myocardium. Endotoxin treatment may induce certain changes in the sequence of steps involved in the process of excitation-contraction coupling in the myocardium. The most likely locus of endotoxin action appears to be the heart cell membrane.
Primary Research on the Recovery of Soil Nitrification and Its Key Factors under the Cu Stress

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Up to 90% of trace elements,such as Cu and Zn,that are fed to livestock are excreted and thus are present in manure. By the wide application of manure as fertilizer,these light toxic elements can reach soil,accumulate and cause serious risk on soils microbial ecology. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of Cu on soil nitrification function for a longtime after application,and its key factors. To this end,the soil potential nitrification rate(PNR) was determined,and the relationship between PNR and soil properties was tested. Eight soil samples,collected from 8 locations of China,were used to represent soil nitrification bacterial difference,and to assess s effects on the recovery of the soil nitrification to long time metal stress(Cu). Soil(700 g) was amended with either mineral water and incubated in dark at 25 ℃ for 7 days. Then each of these soil treatments was mixed with Cu Cl2 solutions at two total concentration levels 500 mg kg-1 and 1000 mg kg-1,respectively. No Cu treated samples were selected as control treatments. After 0,30,180,360 and 540 d,soils PNR were determined. At the same time,a spike-on-spike assay was set-up to test for tolerance of soil nitrification to copper(Cu). The results indicated that all soil PNRs were seriously inhibited by Cu at the beginning,which was over 80 % for the soil samples treated with 500 mg·kg-1 and was 100 % for the soil samples treated with 1000 mg·kg-1. After a long time Cu exposure(540 days),recovery of the soil nitrification rate were found in all the Cu amended soils,especially for the soils treated with Cu 500 mg·kg-1,PNR almost restored to the same level to the control treatments as the recovery rate ranging from 80% to 100%. Multiple steps regression analysis indicated that the recovery was strongly related to the soil primary nitrification activity and its initial tolerance to Cu. Increased Cu tolerance of soil nitrification was consistently observed in response to corresponding soil contamination,and it was also strongly related to the soil primary nitrification activity. These data indicate that inherently microbial activity can be significant factor for the recovery of soil functioning derived from metal contamination.