jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Studies on the Improvement of Surface Properties and the Flow Properties of Coating Color (Part 3) – Influence of the Binder Type on the Properties of Coating Color and Coated Board –

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this study, four kinds of synthetic binders such as SB latex, acrylic binder, vinyl acetate-ethylene (VAE) emulsion copolymer, and eco binder were applied to pre-coating formulation in order to evaluate the influence of the addition ratio of each binder on the properties of coated boards. Five kinds of the SB latex (7 pph) based pre-coating formulations with other synthetic binders (2 pph or 4 pph) were prepared to evaluate their rheological properties of coating colors and properties of coated board. For top-coating, SB latex (12 pph) was only used for the coating formulation in all case. It was shown that high shear viscosity of the pre-coating colors was improved in comparison with that of other coating colors when VAE emulsion binder was applied on the SB latex based pre-coating formulation. In case of printability such as ink set-off and ink trapping, the coated board with eco binder was superior to those of the other coated boards. However, two kinds of SB latex-A and -B used in coating formulation with acrylic and VAE emulsion binder (2 pph) exhibited excellent wet-pick strength of coated board among coating formulations.
Environmental air pollution and chronic rhinosinusitis: A systematic review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Objective Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a highly prevalent and burdensome disease. The pathophysiology is not fully elucidated, but environmental pollutants have been suggested to impact the inflammatory component of the disease process. This review aims to summarize the role of environmental pollution in CRS onset and disease severity. Methods A systematic review was performed following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines. PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Scopus databases were queried in August 2021. Original articles reporting on air pollution exposure in CRS were included. Other forms of sinonasal disease were excluded. Results Literature search produced 11,983 articles, of which 10 met inclusion criteria. Outcomes evaluated included incidence/prevalence, disease severity, quality of life, and histopathologic/microbial changes. Air pollutant exposure was associated with higher odds of CRS, particularly with particulate matter (PM) exposure. Increasing air pollution exposure was also associated with worsened disease severity and detectable histopathologic changes. Impact on quality of life was less clear. Conclusion Air pollution (particularly PM) is correlated with CRS incidence/prevalence and disease severity, with evidence of histopathologic changes in CRS tissue samples. Further research is warranted to better understand the mechanisms by which air pollution components may cause CRS and type 2 inflammation. Level of Evidence 3a
A heuristic algorithm for minimizing maintenance workforce level

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

We develop a heuristic algorithm for minimizing the workforce level required to accommodate all the maintenance jobs requested within a specific time interval. Each maintenance job has its own release and due dates as well as the required man-days, and must be scheduled in a noninterrupted time interval, i.e. without preemption. However, the duration of each job is not fixed, but to be determined within a specific range. We show that this problem can be seen as a variant of the two-dimensional bin-packing problem with some additional constraints. We develop a non-linear mixed integer programming model for the proposed problem, and employ some well-known bin-packing algorithms to develop an efficient heuristic algorithm. In order to evaluate the performance of the proposed heuristic, we present a computationally efficient scheme for getting a good lower hound for the actual minimum. The computational experiment shows that the proposed heuristic algorithm performs quite satisfactorily in practice.
The Hungarian Party System and Party Theory in the Transition of Central Europe

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The emerging East Central European multiparty systems share many specific features of democratic transition yet cannot be characterized or even described by the usual typologies. The rise of party systems in Southern Europe, however, suggests some parallels for an historical and theoretical approach. This paper first analyses the stages of emergence of the Hungarian party system in a Central European context and then draws some theoretical conclusions for party theory in general.
"Sometimes it Feels Like Being in a Parallel World". Life Worlds and (Gendered) Challenges of Women Songwriters in Germany

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In this contribution, Dr. Melanie Ptatscheck examines the life worlds of ten women songwriters in Germany. Women songwriters are part of the patriarchal structures of the music business, in which they are underrepresented and confronted with gender-specific challenges. Based on qualitative interviews, the author explores how women songwriters have managed to gain a foothold in a male-dominated world and what general and gender-specific challenges are associated with the (musical) socialization and everyday life of female songwriters. She discusses empowerment strategies and points out perspectives that can contribute to (structural) change and an improvement to the working and living conditions of songwriters.
Expression of PPAR-γ in the cortex of the fluid percussion injury rats

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Objective The early expression of messenger ribonucleic acid( mRNA) of peroxisome proliferator2 activated receptor gamma( PPAR-γ) in the cortex of the fluid percussion injury rats is investigated. Methods A total of 12 male Sprague-Dawley( SD) rats were divided into 2 groups randomly,the control group( n = 6)and the fluid percussion injury group( n = 6). The lateral fluid percussion animal models were established to detect the changes of PPAR-γ mRNA in the cortex by Real-time PCR 3 h after injury. Results Compared with the control group,the expression of PPAR-γ mRNA was decreased obviously in the fluid percussion injury group( P 0. 05). Conclusion Inhibition of PPAR-γ expression and promotion of the releasing of inflammatory factors may be one of the mechanisms of brain injury.
An Unintended Consequence of Uncoordinated International Monetary Policy on Central America

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This research explores causes and implications of the foreign indebtedness of Central American countries in the 2010s, that is, during what has been defined the second phase of global liquidity, marked by the quantitative easing (QE) of central banks in developed economies. Looking at their balance of payments and their contemporary sources of funding, we find that the international bond market became an important source of debt for Central American economies during that decade. We also find that non-financial corporations’ foreign bond issuance has been increasing in some of the countries under study, even though less than in larger emerging economies. Classifying these countries’ international debt securities by residence and nationality of the issuer, we identify another peculiarity with important implications about financial fragility. In fact, as opposed to what occurred to larger emerging economies, the general governments issuing foreign bonds has been a more relevant source of risk than the issuance by financial and non-financial corporations.
9. Chewing Gum and Graffiti: Aestheticized City Rhetoric in Post- 2008 Athens

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The post-2008 austerity measures imposed on Greece made public space in the city of Athens the prime target of economic development and city marketing.These processes are based on aesthetic strategies of 'cleaning up' and imposing a certain visual order while disposing signs of deprivation and exclusion in the streets.Referencing the works of Chantal Mouffe and Jacques Rancière and illustrating a series of cases, we demonstrate how this exclusionary 'police order' of neoliberal consensus confirms and reinforces the borders between the visible and invisible, acceptable and unacceptable.This is, however, contested by a more democratic aesthetics of redistribution, based on difference, which emerges as soon as the implemented order meets the world of complexity, boundaries and resistance.
The relation of multiple-choice cloze items to the Test of English as a Foreign Language

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Four categories of multiple-choice (MC) cloze items were examined in relation to the TOEFL. The object was to assess the factor structure of the TOEFL and the potential of distinguishing MC cloze items aimed at reading comprehension (defined in terms of textual constraints ranging across clauses) as contrasted with knowledge of grammar (short-range surface syntax and morphology) or vocabulary. Since it is impossible in principle to distinguish such skills absolutely at any given point in a text, a compromise was to identify items whose difficulty seemed to be based primarily on one level of processing and secondarily on another. The pivotal category was reading comprehension. In all, 50 MC cloze items over three texts were used in four subsets: ones for which reading comprehension seemed to be the primary source of difficulty, and (1) grammar secondary or (2) vocabulary secondary (nine and 14 items respec tively) ; and ones for which either (3) grammar or (4) vocabulary was the main source of difficulty and reading comprehension secondary (15 and 12 items). Results were analysed separately for each of nine language groups, with a total of 11,290 subjects in all. Factor analysis of the TOEFL suggested two factors related to (a) the Listening Comprehension section, and (b) the nonlistening subsections. The data did not clearly reveal the expected differential relations between the MC cloze categories and subsections of the TOEFL, though tendencies were apparent and analyses on the whole revealed substantial reliability and validity for the MC cloze items.
Comparison Study on the Quality of Cortex Cinnamomi from Genuine Producing Areas,GAP Planting Base and Commercial Markets

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Objective To evaluate the quality of Cortex Cinnamomi from genuine producing areas and GAP planting base,and to compare with those of the commercial medicinal materials.Methods A RP-HPLC method was carried out to determine the content of cinnamyl aldehyde in cortex cinnamomi.Combined with the comparison of volatile oil yield,total ash content and acid-insoluble ash content,the quality of the samples was evaluated with the index of cinnamyl aldehyde content.Results The total ash contents and acid-insoluble ash contents of all samples were in the normal range.Cinnamyl aldehyde contents and volatile oil yields for samples from genuine producing areas and GAP planting base were up to the pharmacopoeia.There was a great fluctuation in cinnamyl aldehyde contents and volatile oil yields in commercial materials.Conclusions The quality is good and stable for the samples from genuine producing areas and GAP planting base,but it is not stable for the commercial materials.
Comprehensive treatment of traumatic fracture and luxation injuries in the anterior permanent dentition.

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

The increased incidence of traumatic injuries in anterior teeth is a consequence of modern leisure activities. The key factors to successful functional and aesthetic rehabilitation of such injuries are proper diagnosis and adequate primary and subsequent treatment. In severe cases, sequential multidisciplinary treatment is required. All-ceramic crown and post-and-core systems allow for superior aesthetics without compromising function. This article addresses fractures and luxation injuries in the anterior permanent dentition and discusses updated treatment options. The multidisciplinary rehabilitation of a clinical case for optimal function and aesthetics is presented.
Analisis Faktor Yang Menghambat Mahasiswa Untuk Menabung Di Bank Syariah (Studi Kasus Pada Mahasiswa Fakultas Syariah Institut Agama Islam Az-zaytun Indonesia)

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This undergraduate thesis studied about the factor which inhibited students to save money at Shariah Bank and students’ perception of Islamic banks. Background in this research was that there were still many students of Shariah Faculty IAI Al-AZIS who saved money in conventional bank, while at semester 5, students of Shariah Economy Law Study Program has taken course of Product and Theory of Shariah Banking that must be the consideration for students to move to Shariah Bank. The purpose of this research was to find out the students’ point of view on shariah banking and to analyze the factors which inhibit them to save money at shariah bank. This research employed qualitative approach with questionnaire technique and interview on students of shariah faculty IAI Al-AZIS to collect the research data. Data sources used in this research are primary data and secondary data. Data analysis in this studi was carried out through 3 stages that is data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The result of this research showed that predominantly the students have positive point of view on shariah bank. They said that shariah bank is in line with Islamic teaching. However there were also students who argue that shariah bank is the same with conventional bank. The inhibition factors of students to save money at Shariah Bank were far location of shariah bank from where they live, knowledge factor, group reference facgtor, and promotion factor.
Applications of quantitative serum Neopterin determination in dogs affected by leishmaniasis – preliminary study

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

The aim of the present study was to evaluate possible correlations between Neopterin serum values and immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT) titers in dogs positive for Leishmania infantum, and to provide further reference values for Neopterin in seronegative patients. \nNeopterin has been determined in 74 dogs, 30 of which where clinically healthy, seronegative and without any particular laboratory abnormalities for the tested parameters, while the remaining 44 were positive to IFAT. \nThe heterogeneous results obtained for Neopterin values in seronegative dogs in the present study did not allow inferring reference limits in those subjects, but some of the correlations between Neopterin and IFAT titers in seropositive ones encourage further studies on that matter, possibly comparing the molecule values with other traditional markers of infection/disease. \nThe present paper represents a possible preliminary step towards the use of serum Neopterin values as a biomarker in dogs affected by leishmaniasis.
Immunogenicity of synthetic peptide vaccine

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

合成多肽疫苗与传统疫苗相比具有纯度高、安全性好等诸多优点,但也存在一些致命的弱点,其一是免疫原性差,一般通过添加佐剂或对合成多肽进行修饰才能获得较好的免疫效果.最常用的佐剂是不完全福氏佐剂和铝佐剂,近年陆续出现了多种新型佐剂,如含皂角苷、免疫刺激复合物、CpG寡核苷酸、黏膜免疫佐剂等等.修饰多肽的经典方法是耦联蛋白质载体,其他如耦联脂质载体或脂质体、环化、支链化、多重抗原肽(MAP)、同向重复表位、加入辅助T细胞表位等方法均可获得较好的免疫效果,甚至可以不依赖佐剂.同时,优化多肽在体内的转运途径如用脂质体、可降解微球等包埋多肽也可有效地增强其免疫原性.对合成多肽疫苗设计方案进行合理优化对提升多肽免疫原性显得尤为重要.此文对提高疫苗免疫原性的佐剂与载体进行了综述。
Single-photon double ionization of an atom in a strong radiation field

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Double ionization is studied by direct numerical integration of the time-dependent Schrödinger equation for a model two-electron system in the field of an electromagnetic wave in the case when the photon energy exceeds the energy required for the removal of both electrons of the atom. The probabilities of single-electron and double ionization are obtained as functions of the radiation intensity. The energy spectra and double pulse distributions of photoelectrons are analyzed. It is shown that single-photon ionization plays a significant role only in the limiting cases of weak and strong fields. The obtained results are used in an analysis of the contributions from different channels to the double-ionization process (in particular, for clarifying the role of the electron-electron interaction). The results of numerical calculations are compared with the analytic model of the phenomenon.
ANGELS OF THE HOUSE: DICKENS’ VICTORIAN WOMEN (EV MELEKLERI: DICKENS’IN VİKTORYEN KADINLARI)

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This article explores Charles Dickens’ view of Victorian women and the effect of his perception of women on his creation of female characters in his novels. To this end, the gender issues in the Victorian era are presented along with the social reforms and industrial revolution in terms of their impact on the status of women in 19th century Victorian England. The role of actual female figures in Dickens’ personal life is also examined in order to provide an insight into the motives and inspirations behind his creation of female characters. In view of the detailed account given as to the time period and background information provided, the main issue discussed in the article is the extent of Dickens’ conformity with the Victorian ideology of women in his novels. Through the insight provided in the article, it is concluded that despite Dickens’ overall faith in the ‘Angel of the House’ concept, his fiction does not strictly follow the gender codes of the period.
Performance, distribution, and development of Ericsson composition engine

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The Ericsson Composition Engine (ECE) is an open, versatile and future proof application platform enabling service providers to easily create and combine new and existing Value Added Service applications, regardless of vendor and access technology. To improve the performance of ECE in future versions, during this project, the following area was required to be investigated: • ECE performance: Specific suggestions, preferably demonstrated, for performance improvement. • ECE distribution: What is the best approach/architecture to handle ECE scalability? • New execution agent design: How to make it possible to add a new execution agent to ECE at runtime without recompiling and restarting the service. After the project, we provided our investigation results: • The actor model could not help to improve the performance of the core of ECE. The shared state is the bottleneck of ECE because it was shared by all the sessions and may even be accessed across clusters. • There already existed an approach and architecture to handle ECE scalability and load balance. They are good enough. However, within this solution, the session application component should be carefully used. It spends around 25% CPU time which is not always necessary for REST-ful services of ECE. • The design of new execution agent was made and implemented by applying Akka's remote actors. The new design allowed execution agents to be added to or to be removed from the composition engine at runtime without increasing the communication time between the core of ECE and execution agents compared to the current design.
Nutrient surpluses in Australian grazing systems: management practices, policy approaches, and difficult choices to improve water quality

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Nutrient surpluses, inefficiencies in nutrient use, and inevitable leakage of nutrients from grazed animal production systems are putting growing pressure on Australian inland and coastal water resources. While there are some examples of regulatory policy approaches in Australia which aim to reduce nutrient emissions and improve water quality around important and impaired coastal and inland waters, most policy options involve voluntary schemes, often including financial incentives to both industry organisations and farmers to offset the costs of implementing improved management practices. In contrast, much stronger land management regulations have been implemented in the European Union, USA, and to a lesser extent New Zealand. In the near future, greater societal expectations for water quality, stricter standards from international markets, and increasing costs for purchased nutrients will mean that improving nutrient-use efficiency and reducing nutrient losses will be a necessary part of Australia livestock production systems. This is likely to require somewhat varied and difficult choices to better balance production and environmental goals. Policy responses may include voluntary adoption of appropriate nutrient management practices, caps on nutrient inputs, mandatory nutrient surplus targets, limits to stock numbers per hectare, and re-positioning of higher input farms to more resilient parts of the national landscape. Alternatively, society may have to accept that there are unavoidable trade-offs between water quality standards and livestock productivity, with increasing treatment of polluted water at the community’s expense.
Gender and Turnover: A Re-examination of the Impact of Sex on Intent and Actual Job Changes

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Gender as a correlate of turnover has been inconclusive as a factor in understanding the development of a turnover decision. Yet, it is a decisive factor in the operation of key labor market processes which directly affect the entry and exit of labor to and from work organizations. Two possible conceptual and methodological explanations for this seemingly contradictory situation are proposed which distinguish "intent" from "actual turnover" and disaggregate male and female components of the "sex" variable. The lower and less consistent labor force participation rates of women in contrast to men led us to hypothesize that actual turnover behavior and intent to leave will be gender-specific, as well as influenced by differing sets of labor market and work environment factors. Three propositions testing these hypothesized relationships between gender and "intent" and "actual turnover" were examined. A representative sample of 506 textile workers located at 15 separate worksites was examined. A series of logistic models was devised which first began by clarifying the dual link between gender and both the intent to leave and actual turnover. Identical but separate logistic regression models were performed on men and women. This was followed by assessing if differing sets of biodemographic, perceived work environmental, and labor market variables explain differences for men and women in intent and/or actual turnover behavior. The results establish that women had greater rates of actual turnover than men, but no differences were found in the intent to leave. Both groups perceived their work environment similarly. The logistic analysis, however, confirmed that gender was a significant explanator of actual turnover but lot of intent. Contrasting alternative logistic models disclosed that different antecedent variables explained variations between men and women in both intent and turnover. These results help explain the inconsistent results linking gender to turnover, as well as emphasize that gender differences are crucial to understanding the development of a turnover decision. These results are then interpreted in light of the significance of gender to other forms of organizational behavior.