jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Negative photoresist micro-lens for enhancing fiber-coupled InGaAs/AlGaAs MQW LED performance

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The feasibility of using DNR-L300 negative photoresist to fabricate the micro-lens on InGaAs/AlGaAs MQW LED for enhancing the fiber-coupled LED performance was studied in this report. The measurement results indicate that the transmittance of DNR-L300 photoresist can reach nearly 90 percent and remains unchanged as long as the wavelength is longer than 800 nm. Thus, the infrared light-emitting diode with an emission wavelength peak at 917 nm is adopted for this study. By controlling developing time and melting process, the lens diameter and height were characterized via Dektak profilometer and optical microscope so as to obtain the optimum condition for forming micro lenses. The experiment results show that the micro-lens thickness as high as ~25μm could be achieved by performing the melting temperature at 200 °C for 10 minutes after the photolithographic process. In addition, by using such a thick micro-lens fabricated from negative photoresist, more than 30% increase of fiber - coupled LED output intensity could be obtained as compared with those without having micro-lens. More details of the experimental results will be revealed and discussed in this report.
Recent changes in stroke history, mobility status and life expectancy at admission among nursing home residents in Japan

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

We investigated changes in the condition of elderly people at admission to nursing homes, their prognosis after admission and recent changes of mortality risk factors among the residents. We then examine the possible relationship between the changes identified and discuss the possible effects of changes in social policy. A retrospective cohort study using survival analysis was conducted among 407 residents of three nursing homes in Toyama, Japan who were admitted between 1976 and 1990. By reviewing medical and care notes, we abstracted the admission date, gender, age at admission, stroke history, physical activity and date of discharge or death for each subject. Positive stroke history was defined as medical certification of thromboembolic or haemorrhagic stroke before admission. The level of physical activity at admission was classified as either mobile or immobile, according to whether it was possible to get out of bed without assistance from another person. Data were compared for subjects admitted during the two periods of 1976–82 and 1983–90. The latter period includes the year, 1985, when the Medical Service Law in Japan was amended for the purpose of effective allocation of medical resources. In comparison with that for the first admission period, the mean age at admission for the second period was significantly higher in both males and females. The age- and gender-adjusted odds ratio of stroke history to immobile status decreased from 4.7 for the first admission period to 2.2 for the second. The 5-year survival rate decreased, from 51 to 30% (P≤ 0.0001). In multivariate analysis, the relative hazard (RH) of mortality of the subjects in the later admission period to those in the earlier period was 2.0 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.4–2.8], while the RH was not significant for either gender or age. Immobile status without stroke history showed the highest RH. The RH of the interaction of mobile status with stroke history and late admission period was significantly lower than 1.0. The study indicates that: the relative importance of stroke history in immobile status has decreased among the nursing home population, stroke history among the mobile subjects has become less predictive of poor prognosis after admission, the life expectancy after admission has declined, and the increased mortality is related to factors other than physical activity status and may be attributable to the recent reorganization of medical resources.
COMPOSITIONAL AND FRUIT QUALITY RELATIONSHIPS IN APPLE FRUIT AND LEAVES

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Leaf composition, fruit composition and physical characteristics of the fruit were compared in a series of cultivars and scab-resistant selections. Several significant correlations between leaf and fruit composition were found. Those of greatest interest were: free acid–phenol contents; phenol–phenol; total acid–pH (negative correlation); pH–pH. The first two confirm earlier reported findings.Significant relationships between fruit characteristics and leaf analyses were noted. Diameter and depth were negatively correlated with each of leaf sugar content, free acid, total acid and phenol, and positively with pH; quality negatively with free and total acid; precocity (age of tree at bearing) positively with sugar content; and amount of red skin color positively with pH.
University Integration in Slovenia: Tracing the Policy Trajectory

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In a globalised, knowledge-intensive society, in which higher education is seen as inextricably linked to economic and social progress, how the university is conceived, and indeed valued, has come into focus. This thesis traces the trajectory of the resultant policies that imply a more integrated university actor. It provides a conceptual basis for university integration and rationales thereof, and examines the formation of policies of integration in the context of Slovenia. Following the trajectory, the thesis attempts to understand how universities have interpreted and enacted these systemic changes through an examination of two cases. By doing so, the intention is to provide a foundation for future research. Consequently, a number of dichotomies and variations emerged, as global scripts came up against local identities. Universities are only now beginning to substantively react to such changes. Thus, how universities do policies of integration in Slovenia is varied and unfolding.
Involvement of Cytosine DNA methylation in different developmental stages of Aeluropus littoralis

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

DNA methylation as epigenetic mark plays a key role in normal differential and developmental processes as well as in dynamic gene regulation at the genomic level. To assess DNA methylation pattern in different developmental stages of Aeluropus littoralis, methylation sensitive amplified polymorphism (MSAP) was used. Methylation and demethylation status at the CCGG recognition site were tracked by two sets of cytosine methylation-sensitive enzymes (MspI and HpaII), which were classified into three types. The percentage of total bands per type I (non methylation), type II (CpG methylation) and type III (CpCpG methylation) fragments were 75.7, 19.4 and 4.9, respectively. The most frequent methylation events (19.4%) were observed in type II fragment in which full methylation pattern occurred. Out of 480 bands, 33 bands showed methylation alterations between differential developmental stages in all three types of detectable methylation levels. In this study, polymorphic bands had two main directions associated with methylation or demethylation patterns in which methylation level increased during plant development. The methylation and demethylation events at CG sites could be related to developmental stage-specific gene regulation.
Spatial Aggregation and Location Selection of FDI Base on Empirical Analysis Zhujiangl River Delta of China

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Based on the fact that the distribution of FDI has been aggregated to the cities of the Zhujiang(Pearl) River Delta in Guangdong Province since the implementation of the policy of reform and opening-up,this article makes an analysis on the location selection of FDI in the Zhujiang River Delta by introducing the partial adjustment model.The result of the analysis indicates the location selection of FDI in the Zhujiang River Delta not only regards to the low cost of labor,the basic infrastructure,and etc.,but also has a direct relationship with the FDI stock which is regarded as the spatial accumulation effect.At last,we propose the suggestion that the Zhujiang River Delta should put stress on the cultivation and development of FDI cluster in order to boost an investment accumulation effect.
Measurement properties of the Dynavision D2 one-minute drill task in active adolescents

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objective

The purpose of this study was to evaluate test-retest reliability and practice effects of the Dynavision D2 in active adolescents.

Background

Following sport-related concussion, assessment of oculomotor function and vision is important. While clinical tests are recommended, computerized devices, such as the Dynavision D2, are emerging as viable tools for vision assessment. As with all concussion assessments, understanding test-retest reliability and susceptibility to practice effects is important for appropriate interpretation of serial assessments post-injury.

Design/methods

Participants included 20 female adolescents (age = 16.6 ± 1.10 years, mass = 62.0 ± 5.9 kg, height = 169.2 ± 5.1 cm). Participants completed 2 test sessions 1 week apart using the Dynavision D2. The Dynavision D2 includes a one-minute drill task where a single light illuminates, and participants hit the light as quickly as possible, completing 3 drills per trial. Participants completed 3 trials during the first session and 2 during the second. Independent variables were day (day 1, day 2) and drills (15 drills). Dependent variables were the number of hits per minute (Hits/min) and average reaction time (AvgRT). Within-day and between-day test-retest reliabilities were analyzed using two-way random effects intraclass correlation coefficients for consistency. Practice effects were analyzed with repeated measures analysis of variance and Helmert contrasts (p = 0=.05).

Results

Moderate-to-strong reliability was demonstrated for Hits/min (within-day 1 [ICC = 0.74; 95% CI: 0.53, 0.87]; within-day 2 [ICC = 0.91; 95% CI. 77.97]; between-days [ICC = 0.86; 95% CI. 65.95]). Moderate-to-strong reliability was demonstrated for AvgRT (within-day 1 [ICC = 0.70, 95% CI. 48.86], within-day 2 [ICC = 0.92; 95% CI. 78.97]; between-days [ICC = 0.85; 95% CI: 0.64.94]). Practice effects were noted for Hits/Min (p = 0.001) and AvgRT (p < 0.001). Helmert contrasts suggested that the practice effect plateaued at drill 11 for Hits/min and drill 12 for AvgRT.

Conclusions

Moderate-to-excellent test-retest reliability was found for the one-minute task drill with better reliability noted on day 2 and between days, compared to day 1. This task is susceptible to practice effects, highlighting the need for familiarization or practice trials prior to documenting patient scores.
The wisdom of polygamy in managing woman’s social problems in Singapore

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In Singapore, as of the year 2017, the number of female Singaporeans has reached two million while the number of male Singaporeans ranges at one million nine hundred thousand. The misconception in the minds of a large number of people is that the act of sharing a husband with another woman is unjust and unfair to women. This mind set seems to be prevalent in the community even though Allah S.W.T has allowed men to marry not more than four wives at a time. Islam has guided us with the practical application of the legislation which came in the form first with our Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon Him). He has showed us that it is possible for a man to have more than one wife while being just. However, it is only possible if we follow the proper way as stated in the Qur`an and Sunnah. Even the Prophet`s companions and their successors who followed this practice became successful. From this premise, this research aims to unveil the pursued justice in the light of verses relating to polygamy in the Qur’an. This study attempts to reconcile between theory and practice of polygamy in the light of the Shari’ah objectives. The study draws its conclusion using both inductive and analytical methods so as to collect, analyse and evaluate the relevant materials in order to build an objective and balanced position about the subject matter.
Moderate hyperhomocysteinemia in patients treated for epilepsy.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Homocystein (Hcy) is regarded as a neuroexcitatory substance, which is therefore used as an epileptogenic agent in experimental epileptology. Experiments "in vivo" as well as "in vitro" revealed its relation to NMDA glutamate receptors, and its potential neurotoxicity. From the clinical aspect, hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy), mostly as a marker of the risk factor in the vascular damage, was often studied in patients treated with antiepileptic drugs (AE). However, the neuroexcitatory influence of mild HHcy (up to 30 micromol/l) was rarely discussed. Out of a group of 123 adult patients on long-term conventional AE we analyzed 8 patients (7 men and one woman) with moderate to severe HHcy (30.7-109.0 micromol/l) retrospectively and 2-5 years after HHcy normalization. All of them suffered from partial and/or secondary generalized seizures accompanied by neuropsychological impairment depending on the aetiology of the disease. The patients were characterized by a concurrence of several factors: (1) All of them received conventional AEs inducing the cytochrome P 450 at the time HHcy was diagnosed. (2) Molecular-genetic tests showed enzymopathic impairment (methylentetrahydrofolate reductase-MTHFR mutation of the gene C677 T) also in all eight, homozygous in 7 cases and heterozygous in 1 case. (3) All patients were found to have a vitamin deficit or marginal values of at least one of the vitamins under study, especially folate and/or vitamin B6 and 812. With reference to clinical and EEG features, the potential neuroexcitatory influence of Hcy is discussed taking into account its effect on pathogenetic factors.
Interstitial fibrosis and growth factors.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is scarring of the lung caused by a variety of inhaled agents including mineral particles, organic dusts, and oxidant gases. The disease afflicts millions of individuals worldwide, and there are no effective therapeutic approaches. A major reason for this lack of useful treatments is that few of the molecular mechanisms of disease have been defined sufficiently to design appropriate targets for therapy. Our laboratory has focused on the molecular mechanisms through which three selected peptide growth factors could play a role in the development of IPF. Hundreds of growth factors and cytokines could be involved in the complex disease process. We are studying platelet-derived growth factor because it is the most potent mesenchymal cell mitogen yet described, transforming growth factor beta because it is a powerful inducer of extracellular matrix (scar tissue) components by mesenchymal cells, and tumor necrosis factor alpha because it is a pleiotropic cytokine that we and others have shown is essential for the development of IPF in animal models. This review describes some of the evidence from studies in humans, in animal models, and in vitro, that supports the growth factor hypothesis. The use of modern molecular and transgenic technologies could elucidate those targets that will allow effective therapeutic approaches.
An Analysis of the Relationship Between Work Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This article investigates the interrelationship between individual characteristics, work rewards, work satisfaction, and organizational commitment. Data obtained from 1,385 workers representing a variety of occupational groups are analyzed. Generally, the data suggest that individual characteristics have very little impact on either satisfaction or commitment, while work rewards are found to be better predictors of satisfaction than commitment. More important, the data further indicate that satisfaction and commitment have reciprocal effects; however, it appears that satisfaction has a significantly greater effect on commitment than the reverse. The implications of these findings are discussed.
Ethical approach to pharmacotherapy of comorbid states.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Ethics is an indispensable component of health care policy. Pharmacotherapy of comorbidity requires the use of a greater number of different drugs that have complex drug-drug interactions and drug-patient interactions which can cause various side-effects in the patient. The basic moral questions that justify the applied psychopharmacotherapy are the patient's welfare and preference, optimal relationship between risk and gain for the patient, and some include cost benefit as well.
Casting and Modeling of Titanium Matrix Composites

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The aim of this study is to establish the net-shape forming of titanium matrix composites (TMCs) shot sleeve for Al alloys die-casting using a casting route. In-situ synthesis and casting of TMCs were carried out in a vacuum induction melting furnace. The synthesized (TiC+TiB) TMCs were examined using an scanning electron microscopy and electron probe micro-analyzer. The thermo-physical variables estimated by casting process were applied to the modeling of TMCs shot-sleeve casting using the Magmasoft®. The results of the investment casting and modeling of TMCs confirm that the casting route can be an effective approach for the economic net-shape forming of TMCs shot sleeve.
Effect of secondary structural relaxation on the onset of crystallization in amorphous alloys Fe69Ni9Si9B13 and Fe61Co20Si5B14

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

In rapidly quenched amorphous alloys, relaxation phenomenon known as the secondary structural relaxation, together with the structural relaxation occurring in all amorphous materials is observed below the temperature of glass transition. This paper investigates the effect of annealing in the range of secondary structural relaxation on the onset of crystallization. The relationship between the fundamental laws governing the structural relaxation and nanocrystallization in alloys is established.
The Qur’anic View on Peaceful Interaction between Followers of Divinely Revealed Religions

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The Qur’anic view on peaceful coexis tence and encouraging dialog with non-Muslims (in particular ‘the people of the Book’) is a topic of significance in international law, peace, and peaceful coexis tence between followers of different religions and is indicative of the role that may be played by major religions, particularly Islam. There exis t more than fifty Muslim countries with various economic, political, and social ties with each other and also with non-Muslim countries. It is of great significance to demons trate ‘genuineness of the idea of peaceful coexis tence in Islam’ as it practically paves the path to cooperation of Muslim countries with others based on common principles and peaceful relations.
Hierarchical 3D structured nanoporous Co9S8@Nix:Moy–Se core–shell nanowire array electrodes for high-performance asymmetric supercapacitors

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Hierarchical 3D Co 9 S 8 @Ni x :Mo y –Se core–shell nanowire array electrodes as high-performance positive electrodes, and fabrication of a high energy density asymmetric supercapacitor device.
Synthesis and crystal structure analysis of the magnetic ternary compound Mn2GeTe4

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Samples of the ternary phase Mn2GeTe4 were synthesized by direct fusion using the anneal method. X-ray powder diffraction results indicated that this material crystallizes with orthorhombic symmetry, space group Pnma, and unit cell parameters: a = 13.950(2) Å, b = 8.115(1) Å, c = 6.592(1) Å, V = 746.2(2) Å3. The Rietveld refinement converged to the figures of merit Rp = 6.9%, Rwp = 8.6%, Rexp = 5.6% and X2 = 2.4. Mn2GeTe4 is the first telluride of the II2-IV-VI4 family that crystallizes with olivine-type structure.
A Fair, Dynamic Load Balanced Task Distribution Strategy for Heterogeneous Cloud Platforms Based on Markov Process Modeling

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Load balancing techniques in cloud computing can be applied at three different levels: Virtual machine load balancing, task load balancing, and resource load balancing. At all levels, load balancing should also be implemented in an efficient manner, to increase system performance. In this paper, we propose a fair, in terms of added workload per VM, task load balancing strategy, that aims to improve the average response time and the makespan of the system in the cloud environment. The problem is formulated as an irreducible finite state Markov process, which is known to have a balance equation for each state. From the balance state probabilities we derive the expected utilizations for the virtual machines (VM), which play a vital role in our task allocation approach. In our model, the Load Balancer (LBer) acts as a central server, which uses our proposed fair task allocation scheme to distribute the incoming tasks in a fair, balanced manner among the virtual machines, taking into account their current state as well as their processing capabilities. Our scheme has been compared to recent algorithms that use the particle swarm optimization and the Honey bee foraging scheme to achieve load balancing. Our experimental results show that our proposed scheme outperforms other state of the art schemes in terms of makespan, average response time, and resource utilization and provides lower degree of imbalance.