jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Modulation of the Intestinal Microbiota Alters Colitis-Associated Colorectal Cancer Susceptibility

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

It is well established that the intestinal microbiota plays a key role in the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) collectively referred to as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Epidemiological studies have provided strong evidence that IBD patients bear increased risk for the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the impact of the microbiota on the development of colitis-associated cancer (CAC) remains largely unknown. In this study, we established a new model of CAC using azoxymethane (AOM)-exposed, conventionalized-Il10−/− mice and have explored the contribution of the host intestinal microbiota and MyD88 signaling to the development of CAC. We show that 8/13 (62%) of AOM-Il10−/− mice developed colon tumors compared to only 3/15 (20%) of AOM- wild-type (WT) mice. Conventionalized AOM-Il10−/− mice developed spontaneous colitis and colorectal carcinomas while AOM-WT mice were colitis-free and developed only rare adenomas. Importantly, tumor multiplicity directly correlated with the presence of colitis. Il10−/− mice mono-associated with the mildly colitogenic bacterium Bacteroides vulgatus displayed significantly reduced colitis and colorectal tumor multiplicity compared to Il10−/− mice. Germ-free AOM-treated Il10−/− mice showed normal colon histology and were devoid of tumors. Il10−/−; Myd88−/− mice treated with AOM displayed reduced expression of Il12p40 and Tnfα mRNA and showed no signs of tumor development. We present the first direct demonstration that manipulation of the intestinal microbiota alters the development of CAC. The TLR/MyD88 pathway is essential for microbiota-induced development of CAC. Unlike findings obtained using the AOM/DSS model, we demonstrate that the severity of chronic colitis directly correlates to colorectal tumor development and that bacterial-induced inflammation drives progression from adenoma to invasive carcinoma.
How gender differences in informal networking result in unequal access to interorganizational R&D projects

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Women are underrepresented in interorganizational research & development (R&D) projects. This affects the innovativeness of such projects, the representation of female perspectives in the design of innovations and the career opportunities of women. Such projects often emerge from preceding interorganizational R&D projects and are particularly successful when they do so. We argue that instrumental networking in ongoing projects is constitutive for the formation of such follow-up collaborations and, further, that stereotypical gender roles hinder women's participation in instrumental interactions with their current project partners. Hence, we assume that unequal opportunities to participate in follow-up projects can be attributed to women's lesser involvement in instrumental networks. Empirically, we test our argument using data on 2746 directed and weighted personal relationships across 24 interorganizational R&D projects. We show that instrumental interactions are crucial for who initiates follow-up projects with which current partner. Furthermore, we can show that the low participation of women in these activities can be better explained by gender roles than by gender homophily. In doing so, we reveal an important cause of women's under-representation in R&D.
Analytical Specificity and Microbial Interference Study of a 30-Second Quantitative SARS-CoV-2 Detection Biosensor System

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The analytical specificity and microbial interference of a SARS-CoV-2 biosensor detection platform were elucidated in this work. A cost-effective and highly sensitive detection system for the virus has been developed with the capability of producing quantitative results comparable with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) within 30 s. This could meet the demand for a fast diagnosis solution needed for the ongoing global pandemic. Disposable strips were biofunctionalized and immobilized with monoclonal SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. A printed circuit board embedded with a metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) was also designed. The strips were connected to the gate electrode of the MOSFET, which received a synchronous pulse along with the drain electrode. The resulting waveform from the drain was then converted to digital readouts corresponding to virus or spike protein concentrations. We investigated 26 common organisms which are likely presented in the respiratory system along with 5 pathogens from the same genetic family of the SARS-CoV-2 virus for having cross-reaction or microbial interference, either of which would hinder the efficacy of the system. None of these organisms decreased the virus detection effectiveness of the sensor system.
Start-stop system for a city bus based on model predictive control

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Start-stop system of an internal combustion system of a hybrid drive is designed to reduce energy consumption of the drive and reduce the produced emissions. Effectiveness of the start-stop system heavily depends on its ability to correctly predict when the combustion engine will be idle. This makes the problem suitable for model predictive control. In this contribution, we study the case of a hybrid city bus for which we have available recorded profiles of power consumption from repeated drives of the same route. We propose to use these historical data as predictions of the power consumption in the predictive control approach. We show in simulation with recorded data, that the resulting model predictive start-stop system outperforms the rule based approach and yield fuel savings of 5% and operational cost over 2%.
The application of fuzzy enhanced case-based reasoning for identifying fault-prone modules

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

As highly reliable software is becoming an essential ingredient in many systems, the process of assuring reliability can be a time-consuming, costly process. One way to improve the efficiency of the quality assurance process is to target reliability enhancement activities to those modules that are likely to have the most problems. Within the field of software engineering, much research has been performed to allow developers to identify fault-prone modules within a project. Software quality classification models can select the modules that are the most likely to contain faults so that reliability enhancement activities can be performed to lower the occurrences of software faults and errors. This paper introduces fuzzy logic combined with case-based reasoning (CBR) to determine fault-prone modules given a set of software metrics. Combining these two techniques promises more robust, flexible and accurate models. In this paper, we describe this approach, apply it in a real-world case study and discuss the results. The case study applied this approach to software quality modeling using data from a military command, control and communications (C/sup 3/) system. The fuzzy CBR model had an overall classification accuracy of more than 85%. This paper also discusses possible improvements and enhancements to the initial model that can be explored in the future.
Revisiting the Endogeneity of Adolescent Pregnancy and Child Marriage in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Review with Practical Solutions

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Adolescence is an important time for promoting health and preventing disease. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines an adolescent as an individual in the 10-19 years age group and usually uses the term young person to denote those between 10 and 24 years. Adolescent health encompasses changing transitions within multiple domains, including the physical, social, emotional, cognitive, and intellectual. These changes have important implications for health. During this period of increasing independence, adolescents face critical choices about health-related behaviors in areas such as sexuality, physical activity, diet, and use of health care services. These behaviors affect health during adolescence and young adulthood and, in the long-term, are related to many of the leading causes of adult morbidity and mortality. Therefore, the protection and promotion of health during this life stage is of great importance and has been shown to yield benefits not only for adolescents now, but also for their future adult lives and for their future children. This paper explore two key issues underpinning adolescent health, teen pregnancy, and child marriage. Trends in early marriage and early childbearing help determine national poverty levels and economic productivity. Decisions about whether to remain in school, whether to marry, or whether to engage in sexual activity have implications for education and health. The paper argues that failure to understand the interrelationship between adolescent pregnancy and child marriage may jeopardize earlier investments in maternal and child health, erodes future quality and length of life, and escalates suffering, inequality, and social instability. Keywords: Adolescent Health, Child Marriage, Teen Pregnancy.
Boron-10 Based Neutron Coincidence Counter for Safeguards

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The shortage of 3 He has triggered the search for effective alternative neutron detection technologies for national security applications, including international nuclear safeguards. Any alternative neutron detection technology must meet a neutron detection efficiency requirement while being insensitive to gamma-ray interference at a prescribed level. For nuclear safeguards, a system must perform measurements in the field with a prescribed precision in a specified time. This paper describes an effort to design, model and test an alternatives-based neutron coincidence counter for nuclear safeguards applications. The technology chosen for use in an alternatives-based uranium neutron coincidence collar was boron-lined proportional counters. Extensive modeling was performed of various system configurations and comparisons were made to measurements on a commercial prototype boron-10 based uranium neutron coincidence collar.
Injection site reactions resulting from the use of biological therapy in the treatment of moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Etanercept and adalimumab have reported ISR rates of 37% and 20%, respectively, with erythema, pruritus, pain, and irritation being the most common. Citrate free (CF) solution and thinner needles have reduced ISR associated with adalimumab. Ustekinumab showed a low risk of ISR. Regarding secukinumab and ixekizumab, pain was found to be the most common ISR. The introduction of CF ixekizumab formulation has shown promise in reducing ISRs associated with ixekizumab. The risk of ISR appears insignificant with bimekizumab, brodalumab, and anti-IL23 drugs, with ISR rates ranging from less than 1% to 7.1%. The choice of biologic agent should consider ISR risk. Education on injection techniques and the use of single-dose autoinjectors/pens can mitigate ISR risk.
[Prevention of hypotonic hemorrhage in the placental and early puerperal period with prostenone].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

To prevent afterbirth and early postpartum hemorrhages the authors used prostenone in 46 (the main group) and oxytocin in 20 females (control group). Intraplacental blood pressure and coagulation parameters were studied. With prostenone, the mean amount of the blood loss turned to be significantly lower (137 +/- 13 ml) than with oxytocin (208 +/- 17 ml). Administration of prostenone led to a significant elevation of prothrombin index alone and tolerance to heparine. As there was an insignificant difference between the parameters in the main and control groups, the mechanism of prostenone's effect on the myometrium required further studies.
SH0962152.10FU

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

UNITE provides a unified way for delimiting, identifying, communicating, and working with DNA-based Species Hypotheses (SH). All fungal ITS sequences in the international nucleotide sequence databases are clustered to approximately the species level by applying a set of dynamic distance values (<0.5 - 3.0%). All species hypotheses are given a unique, stable name in the form of a DOI, and their taxonomic and ecological annotations are verified through distributed, web-based third-party annotation efforts. SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification as far as possible (phylum, class, order, etc.) by taking into account identifications for all sequences in the SH. An automatically or manually designated sequence is chosen to represent each such SH. These sequences are released (https://unite.ut.ee/repository.php) for use by the scientific community in, for example, local sequence similarity searches and next-generation sequencing analysis pipelines. The system and the data are updated automatically as the number of public fungal ITS sequences grows.
HYPOTHYROIDISM IN CHILDHOOD

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Even now some writings describe hypothyroidism only in its fully developed forms, i. e., generalized myxedema, great skin dryness, retarded mentality, dwarfism, characteristic facies, marked epiphyseal retardation, constipation, somnolence and a low basal rate. Marked mental retardation does not inevitably develop. In even the patient with congenital thyroid deficiency this retardation will not always develop if he is treated before the age of 6 to 12 months. Acquired hypothyroidism causes slow mental development; however, about 25 per cent of such patients can again attain normal mentality when treated properly. Dwarfism and epiphyseal retardation require at least one or more years to become definitely manifest. Hypothyroid infants do not usually have a high blood cholesterol level. These and other marked deficiencies may take years to develop in a given patient. Usually, hypothyroidism starts mildly, progresses slowly and insidiously and persists permanently if untreated. Occasionally, the progression of deficiency is steplike. There
The Values of Achievement at the Gayo Traditional Horse Racing Sports in Bener Meriah

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study aims to determine the values of achievement that exist in the traditional Gayo horse racing sport.Because during this time the horse race was only considered as people's entertainment, which was initially held at the edge of the lauttawar lake of Takengon to enliven the success of the rice harvest.This research is a descriptive qualitative research conducted in Bener Meriah, Aceh.The samples in this study were the tourism department of Bener Meriah, Horse Owner, and Horse Race Jockey amount of 12 people.The method of data collection is done by observation, interviews, and documentation.Then the data obtained were analyzed by qualitative analysis with non statistical descriptive analysis.The results of the research show that the achievement values contained in the horse racing competition are carried out traditionally.Like a jockey must has a strong mentality and must also has high motivation to help support jockey's achievements to the best result.The main goal is not only the victory gained at the racetrack, but the important thing is to strive to achieve victory well.The struggle to achieve victory in a healthy way, does not justify everything for a victory to achieve goals achievement.To achieve an achievement must apply sports values such as sportsmanship, honesty, and responsibility in carrying out the training process provided.
Current Concepts in the Treatment of Multiple System Atrophy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract MSA is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by autonomic failure and a variable combination of poor levodopa‐responsive parkinsonism and cerebellar ataxia ( CA ). Current therapeutic management is based on symptomatic treatment. Almost one third of MSA patients may benefit from l ‐dopa for the symptomatic treatment of parkinsonism, whereas physiotherapy remains the best therapeutic option for CA . Only midodrine and droxidopa were found to be efficient for neurogenic hypotension in double‐blind, controlled studies, whereas other symptoms of autonomic failure may be managed with off‐label treatments. To date, no curative treatment is available for MSA . Recent results of neuroprotective and ‐restorative trials have provided some hope for future advances. Considerations for future clinical trials are also discussed in this review.
Structural and electrical properties of potassium and neodymium substituted SrBi4Ti4O15 ceramics

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Sr1-2xKxNdxBi4Ti4O15 (x = 0.0 and 0.1) ceramics are synthesized by solid-state sintering method. The phase formation confirmation and structural parameters are obtained from X-ray diffraction analysis. The effect of potassium and Neodymium substitution on microstructure, dielectric and piezoelectric properties of ceramics are investigated. The Curie temperature is found to be decreased and the piezoelectric coefficient (d33), electromechanical coupling factor (kp) are found to be increased.
Mobile and ubiquitous computing in an innovative undergraduate course

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The increasing use of mobile devices and the dissemination of wireless networks have stimulated mobile and ubiquitous computing research. In this context, education is being considered one of the main application areas. This paper proposes the use of mobile and ubiquitous computing to support and improve learning in a new kind of academic structure called Undergraduate Course of Reference (nicknamed GRefe). The GRefe was proposed in Unisinos, a university located in south of Brazil. Currently, there are four GRefes. These courses are organized in Learning Programs and Learning Projects . They use a practical and multidisciplinary approach to stimulate the learning. We proposed the use of mobile and ubiquitous computing technology to articulate and improve the academic activities of a specific GRefe called Computer Engineering . We believe that GRefe organization simplified and stimulated the use of these technologies in a learning environment.
Implementation of PID Controller by Microcontroller of PIC (18 Series) and Controlling the Height of Liquid in Sources

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of PID controller and implementation of PID by the microcontroller of PIC and the use of PWM in the DC controlling processes. First of all we use the PID controller to control a continuous process by using reasonable factors (P, I, D) in PID and PIC (18f452) will help us during this period of time and after that producing an adequate PWM signal for the use of our pomp to take the motor under our control. We have to use an appropriate IC such as L298 which is a motor driver.
Investigation assessing the publicly available evidence supporting postmarketing withdrawals, revocations and suspensions of marketing authorisations in the EU since 2012

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Objectives To assess the sources of publicly available evidence supporting withdrawal, revocation or suspension of marketing authorisations (‘regulatory actions’) due to safety reasons in the EU since 2012 and to investigate the time taken since initial marketing authorisation to reach these regulatory decisions. Setting This investigation examined the sources of evidence supporting 18 identified prescription medicinal products which underwent regulatory action due to safety reasons within the EU in the period 1 July 2012 to 31 December 2016. Results Eighteen single or combined active substances (‘medicinal products’) withdrawn, revoked or suspended within the EU for safety reasons between 2012 and 2016 met the inclusion criteria. Case reports were most commonly cited, supporting 94.4% of regulatory actions (n=17), followed by randomised controlled trial, meta-analyses, animal and in vitro, ex vivo or in silico study designs, each cited in 72.2% of regulatory actions (n=13). Epidemiological study designs were least commonly cited (n=8, 44.4%). Multiple sources of evidence contributed to 94.4% of regulatory decisions (n=17). Death was the most common adverse drug reaction leading to regulatory action (n=5; 27.8%), with four of these related to medication error or overdose. Median (IQR) time taken to reach a decision from the start of regulatory review was found to be 204.5 days (143, 535 days) and decreased across the study period. Duration of marketing prior to regulatory action, from the medicinal product’s authorisation date, increased across the period 2012–2016. Conclusions The sources of evidence supporting pharmacovigilance regulatory activities appear to have changed since implementation of Directive 2010/84/EU and Regulation (EU) No. 1235/2010. This, together with a small improvement in regulatory efficiency, suggests progress towards more rapid regulatory decisions based on more robust evidence. Future research should continue to monitor sources of evidence supporting regulatory decisions and the time taken to reach these decisions over time.
Training Conditions and Psychological Health: Eating Behavior Disorders in Spanish High-Performance Women’s Olympic Wrestling Athletes—A Qualitative Study

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

(1) Background: the aim of this study was to determine the factors that affect the occurrence of behaviors related to possible eating disorders in Spanish high-performance Olympic wrestling athletes. (2) Methods: The sample consisted of 22 elite female wrestlers selected through purposive sampling with inclusion criteria of (i) having been a national champion, (ii) having been part of the Spanish team, and (iii) suffering or having suffered from an eating disorder. The semistructured interviews were conducted online and lasted between 20 and 40 min. A statistical analysis was performed with NVivo10 software. (3) Results: the athletes showed a series of issues grouped into three main themes, which were divided into the following categories—firstly, the reasons why wrestlers lose weight; secondly, the inadequate procedures they use; and, finally, the reference persons involved in the process. (4) Conclusions: The training conditions in high-performance sports have psychological and behavioral effects on wrestlers. Wrestlers have to move down to lower categories; however, they do not take into account how this practice influences their health when using inadequate procedures. Rapid and significant weight loss produces negative effects, especially in the female population, generating an incidence of eating disorders. The information obtained provided elements of interest for reflection on possible solutions to prevent existing eating disorders.