jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Diversity and Distribution of Macro Fungi in Some Selected Parks and Gardens of Dhaka City, Bangladesh

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

A survey was conducted during June to November, 2017 in five selected parks and gardens of Dhaka city, Bangladesh namely National Botanical Garden, National Zoo, Romna Park, Dhanmondi Lake and Boldha Garden. The investigation was done to analyze the morphology, diversity and distribution of macro fungi A total of 44 macro fungi samples were collected and identified to 32 species under 18 genera and 18 families. The most frequent collected genera were Ganoderma sp., Daedeleopsis sp., Ramariopsis sp., Crepidotus sp. and Daldinia sp. The maximum frequency of identified species was exhibited by Ganoderma lucidum (9.46%), followed by Ganoderma applanatum (8.1%), Volvariella volvacea (5.41%), Agaricus bisporus (5.41%) Daedaleopsis confragosa (4.05%), Trametes versicolor (4.05%) and Ganoderma boninense (4.05%). The maximum density of occurrence among collected samples was exhibited by Ramariopsis kunzei (11.3%), Ganoderma lucidum (9.9%), Crepidotus variabilis (5.3%) and Daedaleopsis confragosa (3.76%). The predominant species found in National Botanical Garden is Ganoderma applanatum, in Ramna Park is Ganoderma lucidum, in Dhanmondi Lake is Ramariopsis kunzei, in Boldha Garden is Ganoderma lucidum and in National zoo is Amanita bisporigera. The collected specimens were deposited to the Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University Herbarium of Macro Fungi (SHMF).
Smart Urban Mobility: Conceptual analysis for proposal model

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Increased concentration of people in large cities has been recorded since the 19th century. This leads cities to face an ever greater challenge in providing suitable management of the different resources and services necessary to attend their citizens. The development of the modern city with their huge amount of vehicles and saturation of people caused the development of even greater stress to cities population, with extreme stress conditions occurring with respect to urban mobility. In fact, the citizen finds the streets congested, insecure and overcrowded by a polluted environment (air, visual and noise pollution). For this reason it is necessary to study, develop and implement alternatives of managing mobility to improve the quality of life of people leaving in cities. This research focus on analyzing experiences from several cities that are reference in the subject of mobility in order to study evolution of mobility and describe a model, based on computational intelligence, for making analytic predictions on urban mobility.
Magnetic field-driven induction of ZENK in the trigeminal system of pigeons ( Columba livia )

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Magnetoreception remains one of the few unsolved mysteries in sensory biology. The upper beak, which is innervated by the ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve (V1), has been suggested to contain magnetic sensors based on ferromagnetic structures. Recently, its existence in pigeons has been seriously challenged by studies suggesting that the previously described iron-accumulations are macrophages, not magnetosensitive nerve endings. This raised the fundamental question of whether V1 is involved in magnetoreception in pigeons at all. We exposed pigeons to either a constantly changing magnetic field (CMF), to a zero magnetic field providing no magnetic information, or to CMF conditions after V1 was cut bilaterally. Using immediate early genes as a marker of neuronal responsiveness, we report that the trigeminal brainstem nuclei of pigeons, which receive V1 input, are activated under CMF conditions and that this neuronal activation disappears if the magnetic stimuli are removed or if V1 is cut. Our data suggest that the trigeminal system in pigeons is involved in processing magnetic field information and that V1 transmits this information from currently unknown, V1-associated magnetosensors to the brain.
Energy Sources for Soft Bone Milkfish Cooking Toward Time and Cost Efficacy

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Abstract This study assesses the time and cost efficiency of LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas) and electricity for cooking soft bone milkfish (Bandeng Presto). An experimental approach was employed, where the weight of the milkfish served as the controlled variable, systematically varying across different cooking sessions. This manipulation of the milkfish’s weight allowed us to investigate the comparative efficacy of LPG and electricity as energy sources for cooking. The experiment involved collecting numerical data on cooking time and cost, which were critical in addressing our research questions. Our findings revealed that LPG exhibited remarkable time efficiency, consistently resulting in shorter cooking durations and quicker boiling points than electricity. On cost-effectiveness, electricity emerged as the preferred choice for soft bone milkfish cooking, offering reduced expenses in terms of energy consumption, particularly when utilising commercial electricity. These results shed light on the practical implications of choosing between LPG and electricity for cooking soft bone milkfish and provide valuable insights for consumers and culinary establishments seeking to optimise their cooking methods.
The Development of Soldering Fluxes without CFC (Freon) Cleaning.

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

フロン規制措置の対応策として低残渣無洗浄型あるいは残渣が無公害で安全性の高い溶剤 (例えばIPA) によって洗浄可能な新しいフラックスの開発を試みた。ロジンがフラックス残渣の主因であることからロジン以外の化合物を対象にフラックスを選択した結果, 金属への高い親和性と強い還元性をもつ亜リン酸に着目し, さらに金属との反応性のコントロール, 有機溶剤への溶解性, はんだ付け温度との対応を持たせる目的で, これに種々の有機置換基を導入した有機亜リン酸化合物を合成した。はんだ付け性試験, 残渣洗浄性, 母材金属への影響, 残渣量について検討した結果, 合成した有機亜リン酸化合物中数種の化合物に, 1) ロジンよりも高活性でありフラックス添加量が少量ですむ, 2) フラックス残渣がロジン系フラックスの5分の1量に低減できる, 3) 残渣はIPA (2-Propanol) に高い溶解1生を示す等の特徴がみられ, すなわちフロン規制措置に対応できる新しいフラックスとして位置付けることができた。
Los problemas de traducción de textos turísticos a Lectura Fácil

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract Accessible tourism aims to eliminate barriers that hinder tourism for people with disabilities. However, in recent years this concept has evolved into the concept of Tourism for all which is not limited to the elimination of physical barriers but to ensure that tourist environments can be enjoyed by any person. From the point of view of translation, cross-linguistic and intralinguistic Easy Reading makes it possible to offer a tourist text with the required information in an understandable way. This task can be carried out based on the translator’s professional profile. Within the framework of our work, we intend to: (1) analyse the inter- and intralinguistic translation of tourist texts into Easy Reading, (2) identify the problems involved in the translation into Easy Reading of this type of text.
Anlamsal ve Edimsel Düzlemde Türkçede Tanıtsallık

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In natural languages, evidentiality which is a type of epistemic modalityis the indication of the nature of an evidence for a given statement. Thispaper gives a semantic and pragmatic account of the evidential markers –mIş and –(y)mIş as being contrasted to –DI in Turkish within the frameworks of Possible World Semantics and Speech Act Theory. The paper shows that the evidential markers –mIş and –(y)mIş in Turkish can be analysed as possibility operators at semantic level. The modal force of –mIş can also shift to necessarily truth, which is determined by the type of knowledge source. On the contrary, the perfective marker –DI, as its modal force, indicates necessarily truth. At pragmatic level they can also function as illocutionary operators i.e. modifiers of the sincerity conditions associated with a speech act.
Supplemental Figure S1 from Fibroblast-Mediated Collagen Remodeling Within the Tumor Microenvironment Facilitates Progression of Thyroid Cancers Driven by Braf<sup>V600E</sup> and Pten Loss

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<p>Supplemental Figure S1 Braf conditioned media induces CAF proliferation and migration.</p>
Perelman's l-distrance

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

This talk is a preparation of the necessary tools for proving the non-collapsing results. The L-length defined by Perelman is the analog of an energy path, but defined in a Riemannian manifold context. The length is used to define the l reduced distance and later on, the reduced volume. So far the properties of the l-length have two applications in the proof of the Poincare conjecture. Associated with the notion of reduced volume, they are used to prove non-collapsing results and also to study the K- solutions.
ORPHANS BY DESIGN: THE FUTURE OF GENETIC PARENTHOOD

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract Establishing the nature of genetic parenthood is an important task. This is, firstly, because many people desire that relationship and it is in their interest to know what that is, and secondly, because there is a view that it may incur certain moral obligations between the genetic parent and their child. Many theorists have made attempts to define exactly what genetic parenthood is. I show that these definitions are deficient if they wish to fully capture all reproductive scenarios in ways that are intuitive and/or meaningful. Through a series of cases involving technologies such as cloning and genome editing, we see that in lieu of the traditional two parents, there are possible beings who have no genetic parents, one genetic parent, or many genetic parents. Establishing these cases complicates our understanding of genetic parenthood. From this, we must reconsider current definitions, as well as the usefulness of defining genetic parenthood in these complex cases. Here I do not aim to establish a new definition, but rather to suggest that this complexity makes it necessary to re‐assess the importance of the connection between genetic parenthood and parental obligations and authorities.
Tris(3-chloropentane-2,4-dionato-κ2 O,O′)aluminium

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

In the title compound, [Al(C 5 H 6 ClO 2 ) 3 ], the Al III cation is situated on a twofold rotation axis and is coordinated by six O atoms from three 3-chloropentane-2,4-dionate ligands in an octahedral environment. Al—O bond lengths are in the range 1.8741 (14)–1.8772 (14) Å. In the crystal, molecules are linked via C—H...Cl contacts.
PDMS-based Dual-Channel Pneumatic Microactuator Using Sacrificial Molding Fabrication Technique

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents a novel polydimethylsiloxane-based dual-channel bellows-structured pneumatic actuator, fabricated through sacrificial molding technique. A finite element analysis was performed to find the optimum structure and analyze the bending performance of the square-bellows actuator. The actuator was fabricated using acrylonitrile butadiene-styrene-based sacrificial mold to form the channel and bellow structures with an overall actuator size of 5 × 5 × 27.6 mm 3 . The experimental validation has revealed that the actuator attained a smooth bi-directional bending motion with maximum angles of -25° and 35° and force of -0.168 and 0.212 N under left and right channel actuation, respectively, at 100 kPa pressure. Hence, the state-of-the-art dual channels square-bellows actuator was able to achieve an optimum bi-directional bending with low input pressure, which would push the boundaries of soft robotics towards the development of more safe and flexible robotic surgical tools.
Genetic and epigenetic study of an Alzheimer’s disease family with monozygotic triplets

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Zhang, Dilliott et al. examine a unique family with early- and late-onset Alzheimer’s disease phenotypes, as well as disease-discordant monozygotic triplets. The triplets and the patient with early-onset disease are carriers of the APOE ε4-allele plus rare substitutions in other genes. Epigenetic analyses suggest accelerated ageing in the early-onset patient.
Early environmental effects on epigenetic regulation in humans

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

AbstractWe all know our environment affects our risk of disease. But importantly, the health consequences of environmental exposures depend not only on their severity but also on their timing relative to developmental milestones. The developmental origins hypothesis is based on the fact that certain early environmental exposures alter developmental trajectories, causing permanent changes in physiology and risk of disease. Of several potential mechanisms of such 'metabolic imprinting' proposed a decade ago, early environmental influences on epigenetic regulation have received increasing attention.
Comparison of Short-Term Surgery Outcomes Between Older and Younger Patients With Middle Third Parasagittal and Falx Meningioma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background and Purpose Middle third parasagittal and falx meningiomas can cause severe neurological deficits. The incidence of meningioma rises with age and comorbidities. Elderly patients may suffer from operative complications and recover more slowly than younger patients. The aim of this study was to assess the clinical characteristics and surgery outcomes between younger and elderly patients with meningiomas. Methods The patients of middle third parasagittal and falcine meningiomas operated from January 2011 and December 2019 were reviewed in this retrospective study. All lesions arose from the middle third of the falx or superior sagittal sinus (SSS). The complications, such as peritumoral edema, operative blood loss, and neurological deficit, and postoperative hospital stay, were compared between groups. Results Forty-three elderly patients and 63 younger patients were included in the current study. The elderly had larger and more aggressive lesions than younger individuals ( P =0.013). Moreover, the aging group had severe peritumoral edema ( P =0.019) and longer postoperative hospital stay ( P =0.009) than younger patients, while the younger suffered from higher blood loss ( P =0.022) and reoperation (3 vs . 1) at perioperative period. Furthermore, no significant difference was detected in the neurological deficit between the two groups ( p =0.97). Conclusions Although severe peritumoral edema gave rise to larger lesions, elderly patients with the middle third of parasagittal and falcine meningiomas shared similar surgery outcomes as younger individuals. However, after considering all the factors, elderly patients were more likely to develop minor postoperative complications compared to younger ones.
State of the art of controlled AC drives without speed sensors

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The operation of speed-controlled AC drives without mechanical speed or position sensors requires the estimation of internal state variables of the machine. This assessment is based exclusively on measured terminal voltages and currents. Low cost, medium performance sensorless drives can be designed using simple algebraic speed estimators. High-performance systems rely on dynamic models for the estimation of the magnitude and spatial orientation of magnetic flux waves in the stator or in the rotor. Open loop estimators and closed loop observers differ with respect to accuracy, robustness, and limits of applicability. The overview in this paper uses signal flow graphs of complex space vector quantities to give a description of the physical and mathematical systems used in sensorless control.
CdSe quantum dots induce superoxide stress in engineered biosensor bacteria

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

A panel of genetically-engineered Escherichia coli biosensor bacteria, responsive to chemical stressors inducing heat shock, DNA damage, oxidative stress (peroxide- and superoxide-type) and fatty acid metabolism interference, was used to characterize the chemical effect of CdSe quantum dot exposure. Results implicate a primary mode of superoxide-type stress toxicity that is dependent upon quantum dot dose, size, and chain length of capping agent, and are consistent with results from other reports employing mammalian cell lines. Imaging studies confirm association of quantum dots with lipophilic regions of the biosensor bacteria (i.e., inner/outer membranes, cell wall, periplasmic space), and demonstrate intracellular alteration of the quantum dot lattice. Corroboratory experiments with superoxide stress mutants and antioxidant amendments confirm oxidative stress while also implicating destabilization of quantum dots.
STYLISTIC FACTORS IN LEARNING AND RETENTION

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

ABSTRACT The purposes of this investigation were, first, to determine the extent of individual consistency in the tendencies to err either by omission or commission in tasks requiring learning and retention, and, secondly, to determine the relationship between any such consistent tendencies and relevant cognitive, personality, and ability variables. A battery of 26 tests from which 86 variables were generated was administered to 147 college students, 70 men and 77 women, by individual and group testing. Information concerning scholastic ability and achievement, as well as control measures of socioeconomic status and seating position in the testing room, were included in the analysis. The 86 variables were intercorrelated, and 44 were factor analyzed by the method of principal components. Thirteen obtained factors were rotated to oblique simple structure by the Promax method plus three visual rotations. Loadings for the remaining 42 variables were determined by extension methods. Thirteen first order factors and four second order were then cast into a Schmid‐Leiman hierarchical solution. Four first order factors were interpreted as representing error styles in learning and retention. The clearest stylistic factor obtained at this level, Factor V, was characterized by omission tendencies in span memory for primarily numerical stimuli. Other stylistic factors were interpreted as commission tendencies in connected discourse, Factor IV; omission tendencies
Translation symmetry restoration under random unitary dynamics

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The finite parts of a large, locally interacting many-body system prepared out-of-equilibrium eventually equilibrate. Characterising the underlying mechanisms of this process and its timescales, however, is particularly hard as it requires to decouple universal features from observable-specific ones. Recently, new insight came by studying how certain symmetries of the dynamics that are broken by the initial state are restored at the level of the reduced state of a given subsystem. This provides a high level, observable-independent probe. Until now this idea has been applied to the restoration of internal symmetries, e.g. U(1) symmetries related to charge conservation. Here we show that that the same logic can be applied to the restoration of space-time symmetries, and hence can be used to characterise the relaxation of fully generic systems. We illustrate this idea by considering the paradigmatic example of "generic" many-body dynamics, i.e. a local random unitary circuit, where our method leads to exact results. We show that the restoration of translation symmetry in these systems only happens on time-scales proportional to the subsystem's volume. In fact, for large enough subsystems the time of symmetry restoration becomes initial-state independent (as long as the latter breaks the symmetry at time zero) and coincides with the thermalisation time. For intermediate subsystems, however, one can observe the so-called "quantum Mpemba effect", where the state of the system restores a symmetry faster if it is initially more asymmetric. We provide the first exact characterisation of this effect in a non-integrable system.
The Effect of a Coordinative Training in Young Swimmers’ Performance

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

This study investigated the effects of a coordinative in-water training. Total 26 young swimmers (16 boys) were divided in a training group (that performed two sets of 6 × 25-m front crawl, with manipulated speed and stroke frequency, two/week for eight weeks) and a control group. At the beginning and end of the training period, swimmers performed 50-m front crawl sprints recorded by seven land and six underwater Qualisys cameras. A linear mixed model regression was applied to investigate the training effects adjusted for sex. Differences between sex were registered in terms of speed, stroke length, and stroke index, highlighting that an adjustment for sex should be made in the subsequent analysis. Between moments, differences were noticed in coordinative variables (higher time spent in anti-phase and push, and lower out-of-phase and recovery for training group) and differences between sex were noticed in performance (stroke length and stroke index). Interactions (group * time) were found for the continuous relative phase, speed, stroke length, and stroke index. The sessions exerted a greater (indirect) influence on performance than on coordinative variables, thus, more sessions may be needed for a better understanding of coordinative changes since our swimmers, although not experts, are no longer in the early learning stages.
GPU-based 3D SAFT reconstruction including attenuation correction

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

3D Ultrasound Computer Tomography (3D USCT) promises reproducible high-resolution images for early detection of breast tumors. The KIT prototype provides three different modalities: reflectivity, speed of sound, and attenuation. The reflectivity images are reconstructed using a Synthetic Aperture Focusing Technique (SAFT) algorithm. For high-resolution re ectivity images, with spatially homogeneous reflectivity, attenuation correction is necessary. In this paper we present a GPU accelerated attenuation correction for 3D USCT and evaluate the method by means of image quality metrics; i.e. absolute error, contrast and spatially homogeneous reflectivity. A threshold for attenuation correction was introduced to preserve a high contrast. Simulated and in-vivo data were used for analysis of the image quality. Attenuation correction increases the image quality by improving spatially homogeneous reflectivity by 25 %. This leads to a factor 2.8 higher contrast for in-vivo data.
On the Uniqueness of Balanced Complex Orthogonal Design

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Complex orthogonal designs (CODs) play a crucial role in the construction of space-time block codes. Their real analog, real orthogonal designs (or equivalently, sum of squares composition formula) have a long history. Adams et al. (2011) introduced the concept of balanced complex orthogonal designs (BCODs) to address practical considerations. BCODs have a constant code rate of $1/2$ and a minimum decoding delay of $2^m$, where $2m$ is the number of columns. Understanding the structure of BCODs helps design space-time block codes, and it is also fascinating in its own right. We prove, when the number of columns is fixed, all (indecomposable) balanced complex orthogonal designs (BCODs) have the same parameters $[2^m, 2m, 2^{m-1}]$, and moreover, they are all equivalent.
The Role of Geography in Shaping a Polis

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The comparison between Athens and Sparta has dominated the study of classical Greek civilisations for a long period of time. While much of the existing literature focuses on the political, social and economic differences between Greek city states, it fails to ask why these differences exist. This paper combines an existing wealth of literature on Greek geography with literature on the ancient Greek polises to analyse the role of geography in shaping a civilisation. It begins by decoding geography as an environmental stressor and then shows its political, economic and social outcomes in Athens and Sparta respectively. The above comparison suggests that the human responses to geography as an environmental stressor are crucial to whether and how a political community exists.