jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Material Development for Informatics Management Students Based on Inquiry-Based Language Learning

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The research was aimed at (1) finding out the quality of the existing textbook used to teach English to the second-semester students of the Informatics Management program, (2) finding out the students’ needs, and (3) developing an English textbook for second-semester students of Informatics Management major based on inquiry-based language learning (I.B.L.L.). It was a research and development (R & D) study to supplement the textbook for Informatics Management students using I.B.L.L. R & D study had two stages: (1) the exploration stage, which consists of library research, document analysis, and needs analysis and (2) the development stage, which was aimed at designing the supplementary textbook. The data were analyzed by using an interactive method. The result showed that the “English for Computer” textbook could be supplementary for Informatics Management students.
Study of bacteria isolated from the foot pad of Spheniscus magellanicus with and without bumblefoot

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

The bumblefoot or pododermatitis is among the diseases with the highest morbidity in Magellanic penguins, sometimes evolving to septicemia and death. Therefore, this study aimed to relate the main species involved in the disorder, as well as the in vitro susceptibility profile of the microorganisms against routine antimicrobial usage in Veterinary Medicine. During two years in vivo material was harvested from 200 footpads (n=100 animals) for microbiological analysis and in vitro susceptibility tests against the Antibiotic enrofloxacin, streptomycin, penicillin and cephalosporin. Bacteria have been identified both as part of permanent and transient microbiota, also being associated to 100% of the pododermatitis cases. The most prevalent genus were Staphylococcus and Corynebacterium. The antibiograms of all the isolated bacteria resulted in greater susceptibility of the strains facing cephalosporin, followed by enrofloxacin, streptomycin and penicillin.
Basicranial morphology and ontogeny of the extinct giant lemur Megaladapis

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract The extinct Holocene giant lemurs of Madagascar— Magaladapis, Palaeopropithecus , and Archaeoindris —possess a suite of basicranial features not found in any other lemuriforms: (1) ectotympanic not “free,” (2) external acoustic canal elongated, (3) tympanic floors not swollen, and (4) reduced internal carotid and stapedial arteries. According to some authors, the first three traits are strongly convergent on morphological conditions in catarrhine primates. Study of juvenile and adult stages of Megaladapis indicates that the actual degree of convergence, from an ontogentic perspective, is rather slight. Giant lemurs, as a consequence of their massive body size, exhibit more exaggerated versions of traits characteristic of all members of infraorder Lemuriformes. (1) Although the ectotympanic is expanded and fused to the bulla, fusion results from complete obliteration of the recessus dehiscence; anthropoids have a different ectotympanic‐petrosal relationship and never exhibit a recessus dehiscence. (2) Although the external acoustic canal is elongated, its exterior portion is formed by the petrosal, and not by the ectotympanic as in anthropoids. (3) The volume of the middle ear is negatively allometric with respect to body size; in the absence of specific sorts of auditory specialization, mammals having the projected body sizes of the giant lemurs would be expected to have relatively small tympanic cavities, and therefore to lack prominent bullae. (4) The internal carotid systems of palaeopropithecines and Megaladapis are absolutely and relatively reduced; to compensate for this, these lemurs apparently relied on the vertebrobasilar system for most of their cerebro‐orbital supply, and on divisions of the external carotid for meningeal supply. It is important to note that the basicrania of giant lemurs display the same essential combination of traits that serve to distinguish lemurs from other euprimates (e.g., aphaneric ectotympanic, importance of the vertebrobasilar system, entry point of internal carotid stem into middle ear). This implies that the ontogenetic basis for these features is not easily modified and provides a justification for the heavy weight traditionally placed upon this region by paleoprimatologists.
IMPACT OF EXTRACURRICULAR ACTIVITIES ON DEVELOPING STUDENTSPROBLEM-SOLVING SKILLS: A Case of Selected Secondary Schools in Morogoro Municipality

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study aimed to explore the impact of extracurricular activities (ECAs) on developing students' problemsolving skills in selected secondary schools in Morogoro Municipality, Tanzania.Utilizing a qualitative case study design, data were collected from 72 students and 17 teachers through interviews and focus group discussions.Findings revealed that engaging in agricultural projects, sports, and environmental conservation activities significantly enhances students' problem-solving skills and equips them with practical abilities to address societal issues like unemployment, malnutrition, and waste management.However, the study identified challenges such as limited resources, insufficient teacher support, and negative student attitudes towards ECAs.Recommendations include prioritizing adequate funding for ECAs, enhancing teacher training, fostering connections between classroom and extracurricular learning, and focusing activities on local societal issues to ensure meaningful student engagement and skill development.
Fern gametophytes in culture—a simple system for studying plant development and reproduction

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Gametophytes are easily cultured, even with limited facilities. They can he used to illustrate not only the alternation of generations in plant life cycles but also aspects of reproduction and development not easily studied with other plant material. The approach can be adjusted to the needs of biology and botany classes over a wide range of experience from secondary school to university. Information is presented on: the choice of species; the collection, storage and sowing of spores; the composition of the medium; light and temperature requirements; sampling and staining techniques; and methods for determining quantitative parameters of cell and gametophyte development. The basic fern life cycle, and modifications such as apogamy, are outlined. Attention is drawn to the main features of the reproductive biology of ferns and appropriate investigations are suggested. The advantages of gametophytes as experimental material for studying cellular aspects of development in intact green plants are explained. They include striking but consistent responses to a range of cultural conditions and environmental treatments. Suggestions are given for investigations to stimulate further discussion of a wide range of developmental events.
Dirac-Born-Infeld action on the tachyon kink and vortex

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The tachyon effective field theory describing the dynamics of a non-BPS\nD-brane in superstring theory has an infinitely thin but finite tension kink\nsolution describing a codimension one BPS D-brane. We study the world-volume\ntheory of massless modes on the kink, and show that the world volume action has\nprecisely the Dirac-Born-Infeld (DBI) form without any higher derivative\ncorrections. We generalize this to a vortex solution in the effective field\ntheory on a brane-antibrane pair. As in the case of the kink, the vortex is\ninfinitely thin, has finite energy density, and the world-volume action on the\nvortex is again given exactly by the DBI action on a BPS D-brane. We also\ndiscuss the coupling of fermions and restoration of supersymmetry and\n$\\kappa$-symmetry on the world-volume of the kink. Absence of higher derivative\ncorrections to the DBI action on the soliton implies that all such corrections\nare related to higher derivative corrections to the original effective action\non the world-volume of a non-BPS D-brane or brane-antibrane pair.\n
Correlation of body mass index with female survival benefit among a single-institution cohort of cutaneous melanomas >1 mm thick following wide-local excision and sentinel lymph node biopsy.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

172 Background: As the 10-year mortality for localized cutaneous melanomas (CMMs) > 1.00 mm is 40%, non-therapeutic interventions to supplement active surveillance following resection may be beneficial. Data describing the impact of lifestyle choices on survival in this population are limited. Methods: 837 consecutive patients who underwent wide local excision and sentinel lymph node biopsy (WLE + SLNB) at Yale during 1997-2012 for CMMs > 1.00 mm thick were enrolled. Smoking, alcohol use and caffeine consumption were assessed by questionnaire at diagnosis and were each categorized according to quantity used with never-users as the reference. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated from height and weight measured at surgery. Crude and multivariable marginal relationships between lifestyle factors and disease free survival (DFS), the latter adjusted for age, sex, thickness (mm), ulceration, mitotic count, and SLN status, were assessed using Cox proportional hazards. Interactions with clinicopathologic factors were conducted. Results: A female survival benefit (HR FEMALE = 0.69; 95% CI: 0.49-0.97; p = 0.04) was observed on multivariable analysis. While BMI was not independently associated with DFS (p = 0.31), we noted a significant interaction between sex and BMI (p = 0.01). Compared with referent normal weight (BMI < 25) men, normal weight women had similar survival (HR BMI < 25 = 0.91; 95% CI: 0.52-1.57, p = 0.74) but a progressive survival advantage was observed among women with increasing BMI (HR OVERWT = 0.62; 95% CI: 0.33-1.14, HR OBESE = 0.23; 95% CI: 0.07-0.58, p trend = 0.01). A similar relationship was not observed among men (p trend = 0.51). Neither the marginal effects nor those modified by sex for each of alcohol, tobacco or caffeine were associated with DFS (p > 0.15). Conclusions: Following WLE+SLNB, increasing BMI may improve survival among women but not among men. Research to identify contributory molecular mechanisms in the context of the female survival benefit is warranted.
Alzheimer disease biomarkers and insights into mild cognitive impairment

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Persons with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) have overt changes in thinking and memory, but they are still largely independent in daily affairs. They have a far higher rate of developing dementia (progressing to a more debilitating state of cognitive impairment) than cognitively normal persons, but at the individual patient level, prognosis is variable. Sometimes persons with MCI do not worsen and a few even revert back to cognitive normality.(1,2) The variable prognosis in MCI is one reason why the term "MCI" has caught on: not only does it denote a sense of severity at the mildest level, it also conveys uncertainty of prognosis. Identification of the subset of patients with MCI at highest risk to progress to more severe cognitive impairment is a very important goal for research and future clinical care. Quantitating the degree of cognitive impairment by traditional history-taking, brief mental status testing, and more detailed neuropsychological assessment are necessary and informative first steps. However, knowledge of cognitive and functional status in MCI still leaves much uncertainty regarding the ability to predict worsening.
Handle With Care: Integrating Caring Content in Mathematics and Science Methods Classes

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract It is a well-known theory and practice among early childhood educators that building early relationships with the children is crucial to their development. However, there is irony in the fact that many teacher education programs that propose to model “best practices” do not model relationship building with their preservice teachers. This study examines two methods courses that integrated the ethic of care within their science and mathematics pedagogy as an avenue to operationalize the “relational zone.” Two cohorts of 24 and 20 female preservice early childhood teachers participated in the study. The students were enrolled in science and mathematics classes that emphasized integration and an ethic of care. Integration included joint syllabi, discussions, joint assignments, and co-teaching by both teacher educators. Caring practices were modeled and practiced within the courses. The participants responded to 10 prompts by writing journal entries. Qualitative analysis of the students' journals revealed that they understood and practiced caring content in the context of science and mathematics teaching. The findings are discussed in terms of modeling relationship building with preservice teachers.
Measurement of Isobaric Heat Capacity of Gaseous Trans-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO 1234ze (E) )

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The specific isobaric heat capacity (cp) was measured for HFO-1234ze(E) (trans-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene) in the gas phase. HFO-1234ze(E) has a lower GWP value of 6 and is one of new environment-friendly refrigerants. Nineteen measurements for HFO-1234ze(E) were obtained at temperatures from 303 K to 363 K and at pressures from 0.35 to 1.3 MPa. The expanded uncertainty (k= 2) of the temperature measurements is estimated to be less 22 mK, and that of the pressure measurements is less 4.4 kPa. The expanded uncertainty for cp is estimated to range from 14 to 21 J/kg.K.
Compression Chillers and Heat Pumps

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Renewable electricity can be efficiently used to power chillers and heat pumps for cooling and heating of buildings. Heat pumps are capable to transfer low grade heat from ambient air or from low depth geothermal energy to higher temperature levels suitable for heating. Various aspects effecting the efficiency and a detailed classification of these technologies are examined. Simulation models with the INSEL environment are outlined, and this chapter concludes with case studies investigating different applications.
Spatiotemporal Patterns and Driving Factors of Carbon Footprint in Coastal Saline Cropland Ecosystems: A Case Study of the Yellow River Delta, China

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Coastal saline cropland ecosystems are becoming increasingly vital for food security in China, driven by the decline in arable land and the growing demand for resource-intensive diets. Although developing and utilizing saline land can boost productivity, it also impacts greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This study uses the Yellow River Delta as a case study to analyze the spatial-temporal patterns of carbon footprints in saline croplands from 2001 to 2020 and their correlations with climate factors, cropland management scale, and agricultural mechanization. The results reveal that agricultural production in this region is characterized by high inputs, emissions, and outputs, with carbon emission efficiency improving significantly due to a reduction in net carbon emissions. Major sources of carbon emissions include electricity, chemical nitrogen fertilizers, nitrogen input, and straw return, which together account for 65.06% of total emissions. Based on these findings, three key principles have been proposed for policy recommendations to enhance carbon emission efficiency. First, adopt tailored strategies for regions with different salinization levels. Second, strengthen cropland drainage infrastructure to mitigate the adverse effects of heavy rainfall. Third, expand the scale of cropland management through land transfers and promote agricultural mechanization. These insights offer valuable guidance for mitigating GHG emissions in coastal saline cropland ecosystems.
Analytically one-dimensional planes and the Combinatorial Loewner Property

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

It is a major problem in analysis on metric spaces to understand when a metric space is quasisymmetric to a space with strong analytic structure, a so-called Loewner space. A conjecture of Kleiner, recently disproven by Anttila and the second author, proposes a combinatorial sufficient condition. The counterexamples constructed are all topologically one dimensional, and the sufficiency of Kleiner's condition remains open for most other examples. A separate question of Kleiner and Schioppa, apparently unrelated to the problem above, asks about the existence of "analytically $1$-dimensional planes": metric measure spaces quasisymmetric to the Euclidean plane but supporting a $1$-dimensional analytic structure in the sense of Cheeger. In this paper, we construct an example for which the conclusion of Kleiner's conjecture is not known to hold. We show that either this conclusion fails in our example or there exists an "analytically $1$-dimensional plane". Thus, our construction either yields a new counterexample to Kleiner's conjecture, different in kind from those of Anttila and the second author, or a resolution to the problem of Kleiner--Schioppa.
Autoimmune Pancreatitis Developing Remarkable Collateral Circulation Around the Pancreas

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A 65-year-old man was referred to our hospital in April 2003 with a pancreas tumor detected by a thorough medical checkup. Computed tomography (CT) showed swelling of the pancreatic body and tail, and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) showed only the main pancreatic duct in the head of the pancreas. Diagnosing autoimmune pancreatitis, we observed the patient without medication. However, one year later CT showed stenosis of the splenic artery and portal vein accompanied by development of collateral circulation around the pancreas. He had no symptoms, and CT showed no changes in the pancreatic swelling. He was admitted to our hospital on January 6, 2005, presenting with a history of jaundice which first appeared on January 1, 2005, and increased collateral circulation around the pancreas with pancreatic swelling were seen on CT. We started prednisolone therapy at 40 mg/day for exacerbation of autoimmune pancreatitis. Serum bilirubin levels improved from 11.9 mg/dl to 2.5 mg/dl, and pancreatic swelling also improved four weeks after starting therapy. We present a rare case of autoimmune pancreatitis that developed marked collateral circulations.
Ultrasonography of periportal fibrosis in schistosomiasis mansoni in Brazil

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In patients with hepatosplenic schistosomiasis, characteristic thickening of the walls of the portal vein in the hilus and its central and peripheral branches is observed. In an area of high prevalence of the disease in Brazil, 424 individuals older than 5 years have been examined by abdominal ultrasonography and 146 presented fibrosis, classified as central in 31 (21%), peripheral in 56 (38%), and both central and peripheral in 59 (40%). The mean ages of the subjects in the 3 groups were 45.7, 24.1 and 31.9 years, respectively (P < 0.05). The presence of central fibrosis was associated with the presence of peripheral fibrosis (odds ratio 10.7, P < 0.000001). Splenomegaly was found in 16% and 15% of individuals with peripheral and both central and peripheral fibrosis, respectively. No subject with central but no peripheral fibrosis and splenomegaly was identified. We conclude that central fibrosis occurs among older subjects but should not be considered a criterion for advanced disease.
Palm print image processing with PCNN

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Pulse coupled neural networks (PCNN) is based on Eckhorn's model of cat visual cortex, and imitate mammals visual processing, and palm print has been found as a personal biological feature for a long history. This inspired us with the combination of them: a novel method for palm print processing is proposed, which includes pre-processing and feature extraction of palm print image using PCNN; then the feature of palm print image is used for identifying. Our experiment shows that a verification rate of 87.5% can be achieved at ideal condition. We also find that the verification rate decreases duo to rotate or shift of palm.
Corpus luteum diameter and embryo developmental stage are associated with pregnancy rate: data analysis from 17, 521 embryo transfer s from a commercial in vitro bovine embryo production program

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

The objective of this study was to assess the association between CL diameter, embryo developmental status and recipient pregnancy rate after in vitro-produced embryo transfer. Data from a total of 17,521 embryo transfers from a commercial program were analyzed. The information was organized in pivot tables and the frequency of variables was determined with contingency tables. Additionally, a logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the odds ratio and the degree of association between the variables. Higher pregnancy rates were achieved when the CL was larger than 24 mm (39.7%) and 22 mm (33.7%) in diameter, whereas lower pregnancy rates were associated with a CL of 14 mm (24.2%). Moreover, pregnancy rate was 30.5% when the recipients had a CL greater than 20 mm in diameter, whereas pregnancy rate was 32.0% with a CL smaller than 20 mm (P ˂ 0.01). Furthermore, an association between high conception rates and CL diameter was found. With regard to embryo developmental status, higher pregnancy rates were associated with expanded blastocyst (37.0%) and blastocyst (28.8%) transfer. Low pregnancy rates were achieved when morulae were transferred (15.4%). The present results suggest that variables such as CL diameter and embryo developmental status are significantly important and must be considered for the success of an in vitro-produced bovine embryo transfer program.
Water status assessment in grapevines using plant electrophysiology

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Traditional methods for assessing vine water status, such as the Scholander pressure chamber, are time-consuming, punctual and labour-intensive. The development of alternative methods which are accurate, reliable and can provide real-time information on vine water status is a necessity for farmers all over the world. This study proposes the use of plant electrophysiology as a novel approach for real-time water status assessment in grapevines. We conducted four climate chamber experiments with potted grapevines under different irrigation regimes. Various morphological and physiological assessments were performed in parallel with electrophysiological measurements to correlate classic water status assessment methods with plant electrophysiological signals. Two machine learning approaches based on classification and regression were employed to train the prediction models. Results obtained from both models indicate significant differences in irrigation status between well-watered and water-deficit plants, with the latter showing reduced growth and physiological activity, confirming the water stress status of the plant. While the binary classification model successfully differentiates between well-watered and water-deficit plants, its practical use is limited. Therefore, a regression model was developed to directly predict predawn leaf water potential. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that electrical signals are correlated with vine water potential measurements. The findings presented here thus provide a promising new tool for future real-time and remote monitoring of vine water status to manage irrigation and adapt agronomic strategies. Nevertheless, validation and optimisation of the models are still necessary, particularly under field conditions.