jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Neuroprotective Potential of Curcumin-Loaded Nanostructured Lipid Carrier in an Animal Model of Alzheimer’s Disease: Behavioral and Biochemical Evidence

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases and is caused by accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide and is associated with neurological abnormalities in learning and memory. The protective role of curcumin on nerve cells, along with a potent antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity, has been widely studied. However, its low bioavailability and limited transport ability across the blood-brain barrier are two major drawbacks of its application in the treatment of different neurodegenerative diseases. The present study was designed to improve the effectiveness of curcumin in the treatment of Aβ-induced cognitive deficiencies in a rat model of AD by loading it into nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs). The accumulation rate of curcumin (505.76±38.4 ng/g –1 h) in rat brain, as well as its serum levels, were significantly increased by using curcumin-loaded NLCs. The effective role of NLCs for brain delivery of curcumin was confirmed by reduced oxidative stress parameters (ROS formation, lipid peroxidation, and ADP/ATP ratio) in the hippocampal tissue and improvement of spatial memory. Also, histopathological studies revealed the potential of Cur–NLCs in decreasing the hallmarks of Aβ in AD in the animal model. The result of studying the neuroprotective potential of Cur-NLC in both pre-treatment and treatment modes showed that loading curcumin in NLCs is an effective strategy for increasing curcumin delivery to the brain and reducing Aβ-induced neurological abnormalities and memory defects and that it can be the basis for further studies in the area of AD prevention and treatment.
Lenin, Revolution, and Foreign Policy

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Hardly anybody today would deny Lenin his rightful place among the great revolutionaries in history. Yet, paradoxically, when all is said and done, Lenin, as a revolutionary, was a failure who earned his place in history as a result of a serious miscalculation. The extent of Lenin's failure can be seen from a comparison of his pre-revolutionary expectations with the meagre results of his revolution.
Endocytosis, Endosome Trafficking, and the Regulation ofDrosophilaDevelopment

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Endocytosis and endosome trafficking regulate cell signaling in unexpected ways. Here we review the contribution that Drosophila research has made to this exciting field. In addition to attenuating signaling, endocytosis shapes morphogen gradients, activates ligands, and regulates spatially receptor activation within a single cell. Moreover, some receptors signal from within endosomes, and the ability of a specific type of endosome to form controls the ability of cells to signal. Experiments in Drosophila reveal that through regulation of a variety of cell signaling pathways, endocytosis controls cell patterning and cell fate.
Revised soil erodibility K-factor for soils in the Czech Republic

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

In the territory of the Czech Republic there are more than 50% of agricultural soils exposed to water erosion; it is a very urgent problem both at present and for the future. It must be solved now when there is still something to be protected. It is rather complicated to describe the soil properties in terms of soil susceptibility to water erosion because it is a complex relation in which many factors participate. For the complex evaluation of all main factors participating in erosion origination it is possible to apply the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE). It consists of six factors interacting with each other and participating in the origination of soil erosion. One of these factors is the soil erodibility factor (K-factor), the revision of which for soil conditions of the CR is the subject of this study. In total ca. 5000 soil pits from the whole territory of the country were processed and evaluated in detail. The main results of this study are K-factor values (means and variances) for the soil types, subtypes and varieties (represented in the database) according to the Taxonomic Classification System of Soils of the Czech Republic.
Dielectric properties of GaAs AlGaAs multiple quantum well waveguides

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

GaAs/AlGaAs multiple quantum well (MQW) waveguides are investigated using the grating coupling technique. Large polarization dependent effects of the two-dimensional excitons are seen in the TE/TM dispersion relation of single mode slab waveguides. By treating the MQW as a layered composite dielectric, we deduce the oscillator strengths of the heavy and light hole excitons, and the background dielectric constant of the MQW without the excitonic contribution, for fields polarized parallel and perpendicular to the MQW layers.
Intermediate epithelium.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In the nasopharynx, the larynx, the anal canal and the auditory tube, the "intermediate epithelium" occupied the transitional zone between the ciliated (or nonciliated) columnar epithelium and the stratified squamous one. The intermediate epithelium showed gradations ranging from stratified low-columnar through stratified cuboidal to stratified squamous type. It was suggested that the intermediate epithelium showed the various stages of the epithelium transforming from the columnar to the squamous epithelium, and that the basal cells of the columnar epithelium served as the germinal layer of the transformation.
Development of a Patient Centered Outcomes Questionnaire for Advanced Lung Cancer Patients

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Symptom research with advanced lung cancer patients has primarily focused on symptom severity, frequency, and distress; yet, little is known about advanced lung cancer patients’ priorities and success criteria for symptom improvement. To address these gaps in the literature, this study examined these outcomes using a modified Patient Centered Outcomes Questionnaire (PCOQ), which has largely been used with adults with chronic pain. Advanced lung cancer patients (N = 102) were recruited from the Indiana University Simon Cancer Center to participate in a one-time self-report survey, including demographic and medical questionnaires, symptom treatment history, standardized measures of symptom severity and quality of life, and the modified PCOQ focused on eight common symptoms in advanced lung cancer. Cancer information was collected from medical records. My primary aim was to evaluate the construct validity of the PCOQ. As hypothesized, symptom severity ratings on the PCOQ were positively correlated with standardized assessments of the same symptoms as well as functional status. Greater severity of most symptoms on the PCOQ was also correlated with worse quality of life, and greater severity of four symptoms was correlated with having more medical comorbidities. Positive, moderate correlations were found between the severity and importance of seeing improvement in cough, fatigue, sleep problems, and pain on the PCOQ. Patients considered low levels of symptom severity to be acceptable following symptom treatment; no differences were found across the eight symptoms. Latent profile analysis identified four patient subgroups based on the importance of seeing improvement in each of the symptoms: (1) those who rated all symptoms as low in importance (n = 12); (2) those who rated bronchial symptoms and sleep problems as low in importance and all other symptoms as moderately important (n = 29); (3) those who rated nausea and emotional distress as low in importance and all other symptoms as moderately important (n = 23); and (4) those who rated all symptoms as highly important (n = 33). These subgroups were unrelated to demographic and clinical factors, except for functional status. Findings suggest that symptom severity and importance are related yet distinct aspects of the advanced lung cancer symptom experience. Furthermore, patients have heterogeneous priorities for symptom management, which has implications for tailoring treatment.
Clinical Originality and New Biology of Trimipramine

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Summary Trim iprami ne differs from other ant idepressant drugs in anumber of ways. Although trimipram ine shares equivalent efficacy with d oxepin, imipramine, maprotiline and ami­ triptyline, as evidenced by double-blind studies, it possesses a different Side-effect profile. Trimipramine is considered to be less cardiotox ic,and data presented in this paper support its minimal effect on orthostatic hypotension, as com pared with clom ipramine. In addi­ tion, trim iprami ne has less epileptogenic potential than other antidepressants such as im­ ipram ine, am itriptylin e and map rotiline. Besides this different side-effect profile, trim i­ pram ine exerts differing effects on neurotransmitter f unctions and their reuptak e. For example, trimipramine does not inhibit reuptake of noradr enaline andserotonin, and does not down-regulat e13/-adrenoceptors. Furthermore, in com mon with lithium, trim ipramin e produces enhan cem entofantidepressant action in treatment-resistant depressed patients. There is evidence that trimipramine enhances the sensiti vity of cortical neurons to nor­ adrenaline after prolonged adm inistrationand may also increase the activity of serotonin neurons.
The UCLA 24-inch Telescope and a Dual Optical-IR Imaging System

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

A 24-inch Cassegrain telescope has been refurbished and equipped with both an infrared camera and a CCD camera. The telescope, which is located in the middle of the UCLA campus in west Los Angeles, is now in regular use for graduate student research, and for undergraduate teaching. A dichroic beam- splitter allows simultaneous imaging observations at optical and IR wavelengths. The CCD camera is a Star I system form Photometrics Ltd., modified with a BVRI filter slide, and the IR camera is a simple K-band (2.2 micron) imager develped at UCLA and based on a NICMOS 3 HgCdTe array from Rockwell. The CCD camera has a pixel scale of 0.5"/pixel and the IR camera scale is 0.85"/pixel; both have a field of view of about 3 arcminutes. Over the past year, much work has been done to align the telescope, characterize the quality of the site and generally improve the mechanical reliability of the observatory. Seeing is typically 3" in the IR and slightly worse at V. This paper describes the setting up of the telescope and the instruments, and reports sensitivities and airmass corrections for our site. One of the most significant conclusions is that the IR camera enables good work to be done at this very optically-bright site. Several highlights of the first year of observing are reported.
The role of habit in different phases of exercise

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Objectives The primary purpose of this study was to investigate how habit strength in a preparatory and performance phase predicts exercise while accounting for intention. The secondary purpose was to determine the strength of potential habit antecedents (affective judgement, perceived behavioural control, consistency, and cues) in both exercise phases. Design This was a prospective study with measures collected at baseline and week 6. Methods Participants ( n = 181) were a sample of adults (18–65) recruited across nine gyms and recreation centres who completed baseline and follow‐up questionnaires after 6 weeks. Results Intention (β = .28, p = .00) and habit preparation (β = .20, p = .03), predicted exercise, and change of exercise with coefficients of β = .25, ( p = .00) and β = .18, ( p = .04), respectively, across 6 weeks but not habit performance ( p >.05). Conclusions This study highlighted the distinction between the two phases of exercise and the importance of preparatory habit in predicting behaviour. Focusing on a consistent preparatory routine could be helpful in establishing an exercise habit. Statement of contribution What is already known on this subject? A recent meta‐analysis found habit to correlate r = .43 with behaviour (Gardner, de Bruijn, & Lally, ). Verplanken and Melkevik () propose that habit in exercise should be measured in separate components. Phillips and Gardner () interpreted this as habitual instigation (thought) to exercise and execution. What does this study add? Extended pervious work and identified two distinct behavioural phases (preparation and performance) for exercise. Habit model revealed that temporal consistency was the strongest predictor in both phases of exercise. Intention and habit of preparatory behaviour predicted exercise fluctuations in gym members.
Biallelic loss‐of‐function variants in TBC1D2B cause a neurodevelopmental disorder with seizures and gingival overgrowth

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract The family of Tre2‐Bub2‐Cdc16 (TBC)‐domain containing GTPase activating proteins (RABGAPs) is not only known as key regulatorof RAB GTPase activity but also has GAP‐independent functions. Rab GTPases are implicated in membrane trafficking pathways, such as vesicular trafficking. We report biallelic loss‐of‐function variants in TBC1D2B , encoding a member of the TBC/RABGAP family with yet unknown function, as the underlying cause of cognitive impairment, seizures, and/or gingival overgrowth in three individuals from unrelated families. TBC1D2B messenger RNA amount was drastically reduced, and the protein was absent in fibroblasts of two patients. In immunofluorescence analysis, ectopically expressed TBC1D2B colocalized with vesicles positive for RAB5, a small GTPase orchestrating early endocytic vesicle trafficking. In two independent TBC1D2B CRISPR/Cas9 knockout HeLa cell lines that serve as cellular model of TBC1D2B deficiency, epidermal growth factor internalization was significantly reduced compared with the parental HeLa cell line suggesting a role of TBC1D2B in early endocytosis. Serum deprivation of TBC1D2B ‐deficient HeLa cell lines caused a decrease in cell viability and an increase in apoptosis. Our data reveal that loss of TBC1D2B causes a neurodevelopmental disorder with gingival overgrowth, possibly by deficits in vesicle trafficking and/or cell survival.
Media Costs and Effects in Political Campaigns

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The Federal Election Campaign Act of 1974, although modified by the Supreme Court, set the tone for campaign spending in the 1976 elections. The original limitations of the act caused candidates and their managers to design campaigns within the spending ceiling. Presidential campaigns receive the most attention from the press but actually are atypical. The best campaigns being conducted in the United States today are for senator and governor. Candidates in these contests do not receive the heavy concentration of publicity that presidential candidates get, and thus are much more dependent upon electronic media to get their message to the voters. Defining the candidate's message is one of the most difficult decisions in structur ing a campaign. Paid electronic advertising permits a candi date to communicate his message directly to the voter without filtering it through a news editor. Despite criticisms, the 30-second and 60-second television spots are the best means available to reach the voters. Television production costs vary little from state to state, but the cost of time varies considerably. Radio can have an important impact on the electorate, but frequently its importance in politics is underestimated.
Temporal Consistency Learning of Inter-Frames for Video Super-Resolution

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Video super-resolution (VSR) is a task that aims to reconstruct\nhigh-resolution (HR) frames from the low-resolution (LR) reference frame and\nmultiple neighboring frames. The vital operation is to utilize the relative\nmisaligned frames for the current frame reconstruction and preserve the\nconsistency of the results. Existing methods generally explore information\npropagation and frame alignment to improve the performance of VSR. However, few\nstudies focus on the temporal consistency of inter-frames. In this paper, we\npropose a Temporal Consistency learning Network (TCNet) for VSR in an\nend-to-end manner, to enhance the consistency of the reconstructed videos. A\nspatio-temporal stability module is designed to learn the self-alignment from\ninter-frames. Especially, the correlative matching is employed to exploit the\nspatial dependency from each frame to maintain structural stability. Moreover,\na self-attention mechanism is utilized to learn the temporal correspondence to\nimplement an adaptive warping operation for temporal consistency among\nmulti-frames. Besides, a hybrid recurrent architecture is designed to leverage\nshort-term and long-term information. We further present a progressive fusion\nmodule to perform a multistage fusion of spatio-temporal features. And the\nfinal reconstructed frames are refined by these fused features. Objective and\nsubjective results of various experiments demonstrate that TCNet has superior\nperformance on different benchmark datasets, compared to several\nstate-of-the-art methods.\n
Financial Literacy: Impact on Student Success

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Financial literacy has proven to be an essential skill for young adults to help in achieving success and reaching one’s potential. Many studies find that those with a stronger background in financial literacy are more likely to demonstrate positive behaviors, both financially and in other areas. This study will attempt to draw a link between Bryant University students’ background in financial literacy and benefits within the college classroom. Specifically, my study will look at whether having a stronger background in financial literacy leads to increased confidence in the classroom, decreased accounting anxiety, and superior academic performance. The study uses primary data gathered by administering a survey to 300 Bryant undergraduate students. The results of this study can be used by students and faculty alike in determining and cultivating a potential driver of success for students.
Manchester Plays Games: Exploring the Local Politics of Globalisation

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Using the example of Manchester's Olympic bidding process, the paper examines some of the links between globalisation and what has become known as the 'new urban politics'. The politics of the city's Olympic bids powerfully symbolise many of the supposedly transformative features of the new urban politics, British-style, as the old images of municipal welfarist (bureaucratic) politics have apparently been superseded by those of a dynamic and charismatic (entrepreneurial) business leadership. But while there are superficial similarities between these developments and those highlighted by analysts of US 'growth coalitions', the Manchester case reveals how they are as much about struggles over the role, meaning and structure of the state, as they are about urban growth. Manchester's Olympic bid committee resembles not so much a growth coalition as a grant coalition. This said, it is important not to underestimate the significance of the new urban imperative to talk about growth in order to get grants.
Nonlinear Model Predictive Control of Mild Hybrid Powertrains With Electric Supercharging

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Energy management plays a decisive role in the design of efficient 48V mild hybrid drives owing to the limited amounts of energy and power. In particular, strong nonlinearities of an electrified engine air path and the high interaction between the 48V mild hybrid powertrain and the electrical system pose a major challenge. Current research results show the fundamental potential of optimization-based energy management strategies. However there is a lack of optimization-based solutions that allow online direct control of the electrified air path and the electric motor. In this context, this study presents a nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC) approach for a 48V mild hybrid powertrain with an electric supercharger, which is able to simultaneously improve the response behavior and energy consumption. The control concept is developed on the basis of a detailed system description. The special features of optimization-based control for the degrees of freedom of the powertrain, i.e., the belt starter generator (BSG) and the electrified air path through a throttle, waste gate, and electric supercharger (eC), are addressed. After an analysis and verification of the control properties, the NMPC is evaluated in dynamic driving cycle simulations through a comparison with a state-of-the-art rule-based control strategy. The investigations show that the NMPC is able to control the system well even under transient situations with a high influence of disturbance variables. In addition, the NMPC allows a specific and fuel saving use of the 48V system while improving the driving dynamics at the same time.
Males and females in EFL task-based interaction: does gender have an impact on LREs?

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This study analyzes the impact of gender on the language learning opportunities available to Spanish EFL learners during task-based interaction. These learners worked in mixed and matched gender dyads on four collaborative tasks and the language learning opportunities were operationalized as language-related episodes (LREs) on the basis of their production, focus, outcome and level of engagement. The findings pointed to a high level of engagement in LREs and no differences between males and females overall. The outcome and the level of engagement in LREs were affected by the gender of the participants’ interlocutors: males and females seemed to have more opportunities to resolve and deal with LREs in mixed gender dyads and males’ engagement seemed to be a little bit more limited than females’. This article supports the benefits of collaborative work for L2 learners and provides new evidence of the impact of gender during EFL task-based interaction.
Treatment of extragenital infections caused by Mycoplasma hominis.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Extragenital infections caused by Mycoplasma hominis and the indications for antibiotic treatment of such infections were reviewed. Invasion of the bloodstream in conjunction with urologic disease or trauma and metastatic spread of M. hominis to the central nervous system or the joints must be treated with effective drugs. In contrast, M. hominis bacteremia in women with febrile abortion and postpartum fever is often transient and self-limiting and does not generally require treatment. A tetracycline is generally the drug of choice in extragenital M. hominis infections. Although the various tetracycline analogues differ in their in vitro activity against M. hominis, they are all clinically effective. Clindamycin is an alternative to the tetracyclines. Clinical experience with the treatment of extragenital infections caused by M. hominis is still limited. The optimal duration of antibiotic therapy has not been established, but a review of the literature suggests a duration of 10-14 days. Sulfonamides, beta-lactam antibiotics, chloramphenicol, and aminoglycosides do not elicit a clinical response in patients with extragenital M. hominis infections.