jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Geochemical reactions initiated by subglacial abrasion of natural quartz and alkali feldspar

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The role of subglacial abrasion in sustaining subglacial microbiomes is an area of growing interest. It is likely that subglacial abrasion produces a range of bio-utilisable compounds, some released from fluid inclusions in the confines of the mineral matrix and some produced via the surface free radicals that crushing produces in a variety of different minerals. As yet, the geochemical reactions which are initiated by abrasion remain poorly understood. This is largely because of the multiple potential sources and sinks of free radicals that occur in even the most simple of multi-mineralic system during crushing and subsequent wetting of the mixture. We illustrate this assertion by conducting a series of laboratory experiments where common, “simple” silicate minerals, such as quartz and feldspar, are abraded and incubated with ultra-pure water. Gaseous reaction products included CH 4 , H 2 and CO 2 . The concentrations of major ions (including Na + , K + , Mg 2+ , and Ca 2+ ), dissolved silicate, dissolved iron and pH of the solution during incubation are reported. These results were used to calculate HCO 3 − in solution and the saturation index with respect to various minerals using PHREEQCi. We found that abrasion of silicates produces bio-available gases and has the potential to increase the concentration of various weathering products in solution. Further, we found that even trace amounts of carbonates, an impurity in many natural rocks and minerals, may significantly affect the reaction products, making it challenging to concretize the reactions taking place. These results highlight the importance of conducting abrasion experiments utilising natural samples to better understand how apparently negligeable changes in mineralogy might affect the reaction products of abrasion and crushing.
Verkondig Christus totdat hy kom! Die huidige denke binne die Evangeliese Beweging

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

World evangelisation within the Lausanne movement This article considers a number of key themes regarding world evangelisation. The point of departure is the second general conference of the Lausanne movement, which was held in Manila during July 1989. The first section gives some background to the Lausanne movement and events leading to this large and representative gathering. Secondly, some personal impressions gained at the conference itself are related. This is followed by a section on the Philippine setting of the conference, which played an important role in creating an atmosphere of involvement with the real world. The last section deals with some of the important issues arising from the conference. What should the future agenda be for world missions?
PRECURSOR SYSTEMS ANALYSES OF AUTOMATED HIGHWAY SYSTEMS ENTRY/EXIT IMPLEMENTATION. VOLUME SEVEN

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This report presents the entry/exit implementation segment of the Precursor Systems Analyses of Automated Highway Systems (AHS) project. The analysis attempts to identify and analyze the most important issues with the roadway implementation of AHS entry and exit associated functions. The analysis takes a broad system engineering approach to assure that all entry/exit occasions on the AHS are considered. The top level issues addressed are the impact of strategies and configurations on the overall performance of the AHS the relative viability of strategies and physical configurations, and the design parameters and guidelines.
Portal Hypertension–Related Bleeding

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Portal hypertensive bleeding encompasses a spectrum of conditions that include esophageal, gastric, and ectopic varices and portal hypertensive gastrointestinal enteropathy. Esophageal variceal hemorrhage occurs through a combination of increased portal pressure and local factors within the varix itself. Management of esophageal varices includes primary prophylaxis of variceal hemorrhage, treatment of actively bleeding varices, and prevention of variceal rebleeding (secondary prophylaxis). The choice of therapy for primary prophylaxis depends on patient preferences and includes pharmacologic therapy with ?-blockers or variceal band ligation, especially if ?-blocker therapy fails or the therapy is not tolerated by the patient. Active bleeding is best treated endoscopically. A combination of pharmacologic and endoscopic therapy is preferred for secondary prophylaxis. Surgical shunts or transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts (TIPSs) are second-line therapy.
Geological Characteristics and Regional Ore Prospecting Signs of Longdegang Porphyry Copper Deposit in West Qinling,Gansu Province

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

This paper analyzed the geological characteristics and regional prospecting indicators as well as metallogenic conditions,regularity and the metallogenic model of the Longdegang porphyry copper deposit in West Qinling,Gansu Province.The results suggest that in the Indosinian and Yanshanian periods,frequent magama activities occurred along the Middle Qinling foreland basin north of the Minxian-Hezuo fault.These magmas carried abundant metallogenic material,and extracted ore-forming material from the county rock during their rise,emplacement and evolution processes,which made the further enrichment of the ore-forming elements.When the magma condensed into magmatic rocks,fractures occurred in the marginal rocks,then the ore-forming elements accumulated,filled and precipitated in the fractures,and formed porphyritic copper ore bodies by metasomatism.Some other metallogenic flow enriched and precipitated in the favorable space,which generated hydrothermal copper veins.We summarized the prospecting indicators as the early Yanshanian granodiorites and contact zones,anomalous natural heavy minerals and Cu,Pb,Ag and Zn elements.This study is of significance to guide searching for the mineral deposits of the similar type in the West Qinling region.
Dental Abnormalities in Pediatric Patients Receiving Chemotherapy

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

Background: Chemotherapy is a common treatment for pediatric cancer. Although life prognosis is improving because of advances in medical science, it is important to deal with late effects such as dental abnormalities. We investigated the association between dental abnormalities and chemotherapy by age and tooth type. Methods: Among the 568 patients referred to the pediatric dentistry department of our hospital, we selected 32 patients (21 male and 11 female) who received chemotherapy between the ages of 0 and 6 and underwent panoramic examination after the age of 7. We recorded the age of chemotherapy commencement, diagnosis of systemic disease, and dental abnormalities such as congenital absence, microdonts, and short-rooted teeth. Results: Almost half of the patients had dental abnormalities such as congenital absence, microdonts, and short-rooted teeth, but there were no significant differences in the incidence of these abnormalities by age. When we analyzed the incidence of abnormal teeth by tooth type, the incidence of congenital absence was significantly higher in premolars (5.5%) and second molars (3.9%) than in incisor or canine or 1st molar (0.4%) (p < 0.01). The incidence of microdonts was significantly higher in premolars (3.9%) than in incisor or canine or 1st molar (0.2%) and second molars (0.0%) (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Patients who received chemotherapy had a high prevalence of dental abnormalities, and the incidence of abnormalities varied by tooth type. It is important to maintain long-term oral care for patients who have undergone chemotherapy even after the treatment is completed.
Superintegrable and shape invariant systems with position dependent mass

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Second order integrals of motion for 3d quantum mechanical systems with position dependent masses (PDM) are classified. Namely, all PDM systems are specified which, in addition to their rotation invariance, admit at least one second order integral of motion. All such systems appear to be also shape invariant and exactly solvable. Moreover, some of them possess the property of double shape invariance and can be solved using two different superpotentials. Among them there are systems with double shape invariance which present nice bridges between the Coulomb and isotropic oscillator systems. A simple algorithm for calculation the discrete spectrum and the corresponding state vectors for the considered PDM systems is presented and applied to solve five of the found systems.
High average power-high peak power cryogenic Yb:YAG lasers for pumping Ti:Sapphire and OPCPA ultrafast lasers

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Ti:Sapphire and optical parametric chirped-pulse amplifier ultrafast laser systems are currently limited in average power to < 100 watts by relatively low average power pump sources. In order to achieve both high peak and average powers concomitantly, we describe the design and operation of picosecond and nanosecond Yb:YAG cryogenic laser systems currently being developed at Snake Creek Lasers (SCL) with a goal of initially producing 1 J/pulse output at 1029 nm and green output at 515 nm with energy/pulse > 0.5 J, and with a repetition rate up to 1 kHz. Yb based lasers are particularly promising because of a long upper state radiative lifetime, reducing the diode pump power needed to produce a target energy/pulse, as well as very favorable high average power scaling properties at liquid nitrogen temperature. A comparison of a number of Yb based materials including Yb:YAG, Yb:Lu2O3, and others will be presented. Using a recently developed kinetics model as well as new system design codes, we describe the average and peak power scaling of cryogenic Yb:YAG lasers as well as the limitations imposed by optically induced damage, nonlinear phase accumulation, and amplified spontaneous emission.
7.2.1 Development of an Integrated Facilities' Management Baseline at a Federal Agency Using a Systems Engineering Approach

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The National Geospatial‐Intelligence Agency (NGA) has implemented an integrated facilities' management program covering its many buildings, operations, and site locations. In conjunction with organizational structure development, a commercial‐off‐the‐shelf (COTS) computer aided facilities management (CAFM) system was implemented to integrate data collection and user control. These facilities' management aspects include tracking building floor space usage, employee locations, AutoCad building designs, equipment inventory, operations and maintenance scheduling, etc. The systems engineering process included a spiral architecture development model, initial and recurring data validations, a risk management review, and multiple phases of tracking requirements and change control. Formal configuration management boards (CMB) were a critical element of development and continuing operation of CAFM. Use of an open systems interface design to allow exchange of data between CAFM and related databases from Human Resources and Security Departments was essential. By replacing the many separate legacy facilities programs with an integrated CAFM package, more complete data information was collected which allowed for better control and operation of facilities resources and improved strategic facilities' planning.
Oxidative Modification of Proteins in the Tissues of Rats with Growing Tumors under the Ozone-Photodynamic Treatment

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract—Ozone-photodynamic effects on tumor growth rate and oxidative modification of proteins in rat tissues were studied using a model of PA kidney carcinoma. It was shown that the developed experimental therapeutic method based on the joint parenteral intraperitoneal administration of an ozonated saline solution with a concentration of ozone in the ozone–oxygen mixture of 400 μg/L and a 0.3% solution of the Photosens photosensitizer intratumorally with the local action of light with a wavelength of 660 ± 10 nm for 10 min reduced the intensity of tumor growth. Normalization of the prooxidant/antioxidant balance in experimental animals was observed upon combined use of ozonated saline solution and photodynamic therapy.
Self‐Assembly of Protonated 1,12‐Dodecanediamine Molecules and Strongly Undulated Uranyl Selenate Sheets in the Structure of Amine‐Templated Uranyl Selenate: (H3O)2[C12H30N2]3[(UO2)4(SeO4)8](H2O)5

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The amine‐templated uranyl selenate (H 3 O) 2 [C 12 H 30 N 2 ] 3 [(UO 2 ) 4 (SeO 4 ) 8 ](H 2 O) 5 ( 1 ) has been prepared. Its structure [monoclinic, P 2 1 / n , a = 11.3437(7), b = 24.8042(12), c = 29.2496(19) Å, β = 96.701(5) o , V = 8173.8(8) Å 3 , Z = 4, R 1 = 0.083] is based upon strongly undulating [(UO 2 )(SeO 4 ) 2 ] 2– sheets consisting of corner‐sharing UO 7 bipyramids and SeO 4 2– tetrahedra. The undulations of the adjacent sheets have an anti ‐phase character that allows the formation of large eliptical channels that are occupied by rod micelles formed by self‐assembly of protonated 1,12‐dodecanedi‐amine molecules. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Humanoid Robots and Spoken Dialog Systems for Brief Health Interventions

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We combined a spoken dialog system that we developed to deliver brief health interventions with the fully autonomous humanoid robot (NAO). The dialog system is based on a framework facilitating Markov decision processes (MDP). It is optimized using reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms with data we collected from real user interactions. The system begins to learn optimal dialog strategies for initiative selection and for the type of confirmations that it uses during theinteraction. The health intervention, delivered by a 3D character instead of the NAO, has already been evaluated, with positive results in terms of task completion, ease of use, and future intention to use the system. The current spoken dialog system for the humanoid robot is a novelty and exists so far as a proof ofconcept.
Aquatic Vertebrate Predation Threats to the Platte River Caddisfly (Trichoptera: Limnephilidae)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Cavallaro, Michael C., Vivian, Lindsay A., Hoback, W. Wyatt (2015): Aquatic vertebrate predation threats to the Platte River caddisfly (Trichoptera: Limnephilidae). Florida Entomologist 98 (1): 152, DOI: 10.1653/024.098.0126, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/10.1653/024.098.0126
[Effect of arterial stiffness on development of cardio-vascular complications in ischemic heart disease].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

With the aim to assess effect of arterial wall stiffness on prognosis of patients with stable form of ischemic heart disease (IHD) we included 224 men (mean age 56.2+/-8.9 years) with confirmed IND in a long-term prospective study. Pulse wave velocity was measured with brachial-ankle method (PWVba), presence of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) was detected with electrocardiography. Coronary arteriography was carried out in 126 patients. During 3.5 years of follow-up there were 38 cardiovascular complications (CVC) (6 myocardial infarctions, 19 operations of revascularization, 11 hospitalizations because of unstable angina, 3 sudden deaths). Patients were distributed to groups (tertiles) depending on PWVba values. Elevation of stiffness of arteries from lowest to highest tertile was significantly associated with increases of age, level of arterial pressure, heart rate, level of total cholesterol, LVH, severity and extent of coronary atherosclerosis. The Cox model of proportional risks comprising 14 main risk factors allowed to reveal that only PWVba significantly (<0.001) contributed to formation of prognosis. In patients with PWVba exceeding 14.3 m/s (highest tertile) compared with those with PWVba below 12.4 m/s (lowest tertile) risk of development of CVC was 4.23 times higher (5.27 times higher after adjustment for age and systolic arterial pressure). Comparison of Kaplan-Maier survival curves confirmed that in patients with low PWVba cumulative probability of absence of CVC was greater than in patients with higher stiffness of arterial wall (<0.008). PWVba as marker of arterial stiffness in men with chronic course of IHD appears to be predictor of CVC independent on age and classic risk factors.
Development of a clinical scoring model to predict the overall and relapse‑free survival of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma following a hepatectomy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly lethal disease, and surgical resection is one of the major treatment methods used. However, to date, at least to the best of our knowledge, there is no effective prognostic scoring system for the overall survival (OS) and relapse-free survival (RFS) of patients following hepatectomy. The present study developed a low-cost and easy-to-use model based on the clinicopathological characteristics of patients with HCC for assessment of outcome prediction and risk stratification. A total of 690 patients with HCC undergoing surgery were included and randomly divided into two cohorts (n=345). Cox regression analysis was conducted to investigate the association between the clinicopathological and treatment features, and patient survival. Multivariate analysis revealed that ascites, vascular tumor thrombus, low tumor differentiation and extrahepatic metastasis were independent risk factors for OS. Extrahepatic metastasis and multiple tumors were independent risk factors to predict tumor recurrence. These variables were weighted to construct the ascites, vascular tumor thrombus, low tumor differentiation, extrahepatic metastasis and multiple tumors (AVLEM) score based on the cumulative incidence (CuI) of the aforementioned variables, and the patients were classified into grade 0 (CuI=0), grade 1 (CuI=1 for OS and CuI ≥1 for RFS), and grade 2 (CuI ≥2) subgroups, respectively. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that the OS and RFS differed significantly among the subgroups; however, the survival rate between the two cohorts did not exhibit any marked differences. On the whole, the present study demonstrates that with this AVLEM scoring system, patients with HCC with a high score had a poor OS and RFS; thus, it is suggested that such patients undergo imaging examinations following a hepatectomy more frequently.
Synergetic effects in queuing systems with periodical input flow and group arrivals

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In this paper an aggregation of oneserver queueing systems with periodical arrivals of customers groups into multiserver queuing system is considered. A synergetic eect of a queue disappearance in the aggregated system is analyzed using a convergence of an aggregated input ow to the Wiener process and the invariance Donsker-Prokhorov principle.
Pengelolaan Hutan Rakyat di Kabupaten Tulang Bawang Barat (Private Forest Management in Tulang Bawang Barat)

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Community forests have important values for rural communities. The purpose of this study is to determine the social and economic characteristics of the community that affect community forest management in Tulang Bawang Barat Regency. The study was conducted for 2 months in August to September 2016 in the Tulang Bawang Barat Regency, Lampung Povince. Data was collected by field observations, interviews, and questionnaires. The total number of respondents in this study was 50 respondents of community forest farmers who were taken purposively. To describe the social and economic conditions of the respondents, as well as analyze the characteristics and practices of community forest management, the data were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. The results showed that productive age, adequate level of education, extent of land tenure, social, ecological and economic motivations are factors that influence farmers' decisions to manage community forests. Farmers cultivate their community forest in a simple way, without using good community forest cultivation guidelines. Local government policies are very necessary to support the sustainability of community forest development, in order to achieve economic, ecological, and social needs obtained from community forest management.Keywords: social economy characteristics of community, participation, community forest farmers, rural community
Calligraphic Characteristics and Values of Hangul Calligraphic Manuscript in 18th Century

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

조선시대 한글 필사본은 1443년 한글 창제 이후 최초의 한글 필사첩인 ｢상원사중창권선문(上院寺重創勸善文)｣(1464)의 시작과 더불어 궁에서부터 한글 확산의 시원을 볼 수 있다. 17세기에 이르러 궁중에서는 계축일기(1624년 경)와 같은 실 기류(實記類) 대형 한글 필사본이 궁중 인물들에 의해 써짐으로써, ‘궁체 라고 하는 독특한 한글 서체 형성의 단초가 마련되었다. 이후 18세기 영․정조시기(1724-1800년)에 이르러서는 한글 필사가 확산되었고 또한 실학적 사회풍토에 따라 서민에 이 르기까지 한글 쓰기가 확대되었다. 이러한 변화는 영․정조대에 와서 한글 문헌이 급속히 많아진 데서 알 수 있다. 이와 관련해서 본고에서는 궁체형성의 정착기로 인지되는 영․정조 시기의 왕과 왕비, 왕실 관련 사대부가 부인의 친필이라는 문헌적 고 귀성이나 서예적 가치가 큰, 3종의 한글자료(표1)를 서예적 측면의 서지사항과 문장 구성의 장법적(章法的) 특징. 문자 짜임인 결구법적(結構法的) 특징, 자모음의획형인 용필법적(用筆法的) 특징으로 나누어 고찰하고, 맺음말에서 종합적으로 18 세기 필사본 중 분석 대상 자료의 서예적 가치에 대하여 밝혀 보았다. 이와 관련하여 18세기 한글 필사 자료 ｢광산 김씨 한글 상언｣, 정조어필한글편지첩, 곤전어필의 서지 및 서체적 특징 등을 분석해 본 결과, 3종의 서예적 고찰은 한글서예사에서 한 획을 그을 수 있는 귀중한 자료들로, 각각 중요한 의의와 가 치를 지니고 있다고 할 수 있다.Hangeul manuscripts of the Joseon Dynasty began with the ｢Sangwonsa Jungchang Kwonseonmun｣(1464), the first Hangeul manuscript since Hangeul was created in 1443, and the spread of Hangeul calligraphy is originated in the Palace. In the 17th Century, a large Hangeul manuscript of authentic record, such as the Gyechuk diary (around 1624), was written by the court people in the palace, and the foundation of a unique style of Hangeul calligraphy called ‘Gungche(the court style of Hangeul calligraphy)’ was prepared. In the 18th century, during the period of King Yeongjo and Jeongjo (1724-1800), the use of Hangul was spread, and according to the social and cultural climate of the society, even the ordinary people wrote the Hangeul. This change led the rapid increase in the number of Hangeul documents in the period of King Yeongjo and Jeongjo. In this regard, in this study, I selected the three types of Hangeul documents (Table 1) with high literacy and high calligraphic value, the handwritings of the king, queen and the wife of the royal family in the period of King Yeongjo and Jeongjo, which is regarded as the time when the formation of Gungche was established. After that, I investigated the calligraphic bibliography, the characteristics of sentences disposition, the characteristics of character structure and the characteristics of wielding brush in the strokes. In conclusion, I have examined the calligraphic value of the analyzed documents among the 18th century manuscripts comprehensively.