jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Physicochemical Properties and the Digestibility of Cassava Root and Stem Starches Associated with Genotypes

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Cassava stems contain up to 40% starch (by dry mass) and are currently discarded as agricultural waste. The current study aims to understand the physicochemical traits of cassava stem and root starches for investigating trends in industrial cassava applications. In total, 11 traits of both cassava stem and root starches of 15 genotypes are investigated. All the examined traits of cassava root and stem starches vary by genotype. The amylose contents of root and stem starches are in the range of 19.0–33.0% and 18.44–34.51%, respectively. The resistant starch of root and stem starches are in the range of 1.72–17.72% and 4.42–13.37%, respectively. Only the starch content, solubility, and swelling power of root starches are significantly higher than those of stem starches. The root starch gel is more stable than the stem starch gel after the fourth and fifth freeze‐thaw cycles. Furthermore, principal component analysis calculated based on starch and amylose contents, degree of swelling, digestibility, and freeze‐thaw stability demonstrates that genotypes GW46, GW88, S1, E26, and GC49 gain higher scores than control varieties South China 12 and South China 205, which are the most favorable ones by farmers in China because of good root yields.
Constituents and Biological Activities of some Iranian Artemisia species.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Plants play a vital role in maintaining human health and contribute towards improvement of human life. They are important components of medicines, cosmetics, dyes, beverages etc. Plants have been one of the important sources of medicines even since the dawn of human civilization. In spite of tremendous development in the field of allopathy during the 20th century, plants still remain one of the major sources of drug in the modern as well as traditional system of medicine throughout the world. Over 60% of all pharmaceuticals are plant-based. Plants are considered as state-of-art chemical laboratories capable of biosynthesizing number of biomolecules of different chemical classes. The present review describes the chemical and biological activities of some Iranian Artemisia species: A. aucheri Boiss., A. austriaca Jacq., A. chamaemelifolia Vill, A. ciniformis Krasch, A. deserti Krasch and A. diffusa. Krasch.
Implementasi Manajemen Perpustakaan Dalam Meningkatkan Minat Literasi Siswa Di SMK Islam Nurul Hikmah Sangatta

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This research aims to analyze and evaluate the library management at SMK Islam Nurul Hikmah Sangatta with the objective of providing improvement recommendations. The research approach employed is qualitative with a case study method. Informants in this study include library staff, teachers, and students. The data collection techniques utilized are interviews and direct observation of library facilities and services. The collected data were analyzed qualitatively using thematic analysis techniques. The research findings indicate that library management at the mentioned vocational school faces challenges primarily in terms of resource availability, infrastructure, collection management, and library services. Improvement recommendations include adequate budget allocation, staff training, active involvement of all school members, implementation of information technology, and periodic evaluation. The implications of this research are expected to enhance the quality of library services and student reading interest, thereby positively contributing to academic achievement at SMK Islam Nurul Hikmah Sangatta.
Carboxymethylation and acetylation of the polysaccharide from Cordyceps militaris and their α-glucosidase inhibitory activities

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The crude polysaccharide extracted from Cordyceps militaris was chemically modified to obtain carboxymethylated derivatives (CM-CPS) and acetylated derivatives (AC-CPS). The physicochemical characterizations were comparatively investigated by chemical methods, high-performance gel permeation chromatography, FT-IR spectra, NMR analysis, Congo red test, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. Then α-glucosidase inhibitory activities were conducted to determine the structure-bioactivity relationship. Results indicated that carboxymethylation and acetylation modification of polysaccharide were successful with the carboxymethyl substitutions might being C-6, C-2 and acetyl substitutions at C-3, C-6 inferred from NMR analysis. In addition, the tertiary structure, ultrastructure, melting properties were also different from native polysaccharide. Besides, α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of derivatives exhibited differently with CM-CPS to be the lowest. Therefore, it was concluded that change of structure in polysaccharide had certain effect on bioactivity with degree of substitution and substituents position being the influence factors.
USAID Public-Private Partnerships Database

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

this dataset brings together information collected since 2001 on ppps that have been supported by usaid for the purposes of this dataset a public private partnership is defined as a usaid supported development project or initiative which engages the private sector including corporations foundations and other non governmental actors as a core resource partner due to changes in agency data collection systems standards and internal organization the data has been collected according to different mechanisms definitions and timeframes from 2001 2015 and therefore cannot be considered to be comprehensive of all ppps during this period
The Co-Creative Network

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this thesis is to explore the co-creation process and how value is created based on a service orientation using a network perspective. The thesis is studied from a social-constructionist philosophy, using a qualitative approach of data collection and the theoretical framework includes network theories, theories of service-orientation and co-creation. We have conducted semi-structured interviews with a small firm and its network, which consists of a customer, a supplier and a partner. We found that Håkansson’s ARA framework combined with Ballantyne and Varey’s triangulation of value-creating activities help to acquire an understanding of the actors’ bonds, the resources’ ties and the activity links that exist in a network. This offers a more inclusive description of the co-creative process where the activities of communicative interaction, knowledge renewal and relationship development help to create value in the form of trust, resource rejuvenation and commitment. This is useful for both the individual actor and the network as a whole as they offer customized and responsive experiences in an ever-changing market.
LIFE HISTORY OF LONGUEMARE'S HERMIT HUMMINGBIRD.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

SUMMARY Observations on Longuemare's Hermit were made in Guatemala, Honduras and Costa Rica. Males gather in courtship assemblies usually amidst dense second‐growth. Each has a favourite perch, where he performs through the day. They sing through most of the year, except from the height of the dry season in February until the rains start in April, and again at the height of the wet season in September and October. The courtship display, an intricate aerial dance above the perching female, is described. The downy nest is built by the female (largely on the wing) beneath the tapering tip of a palm‐frond, or other leaf, 3 to 6 feet above the ground. Cobweb binds the nest to the leaf. The normal clutch is two eggs, laid at about 6 a.m. on alternate or sometimes consecutive days. Occupied nests were found in every month except February and March, September and October (when the males are not in song). The female alone incubates, sitting with breast toward supporting leaf, head thrown far back. To leave, she flies upward and backward; to return, she flies directly down into the pocket of the nest. Incubation period 15–16 days; nestling period 20–21. On the day of hatching, the blind nestlings orient themselves with heads towards the leaf, and so remain until they fly. The female feeds them while she hovers–as though visiting a flower–reaching over their backs and regurgitating into their throats.
A multivariate twin study of female sexual dysfunction

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Introduction: There is little work on the etiology of female sexual dysfunction (FSD), a highly contentious and heterogeneous disorder from classification and clinical perspectives. Clarifying causative mechanisms may enhance current psychiatric nosology. Aim: To elucidate the structure of genetic and environmental risk factors underlying the major subtypes of FSD. Methods: Self-report questionnaires and multivariate twin model fitting on a population- based adult twin register (TwinsUK, London) including 1489 female twins aged 18 to 85, comprising 244 MZ pairs, 189 DZ pairs and 623 women whose co-twins did not participate. Main Outcome Measures: Scores on the Female Sexual Function Index–Lifelong and its 6 dimensions (desire, arousal, lubrication, orgasm, satisfaction and pain) were subject to univariate and multivariate variance component analysis. Results: The best-fitting multivariate model was an ACE Cholesky model, in which both additive genetic effects and non-shared environmental effects loaded on four FSD dimensions. There was significant genetic sharing between desire, arousal, lubrication and orgasm, but there was also significant genetic sharing between arousal, lubrication and orgasm independent of desire. These genetic loadings were small to modest effects (7 to 33%). Bivariate heritabilities suggested that a third of the covariance between these dimensions was genetic. Desire shared the least amount of genetic association with lubrication and orgasm. Non-shared environmental effects (which were stronger than genetic effects) were somewhat more dimension-specific. Conclusions: FSD is not etiologically homogeneous. There are at least two genetic factors to FSD symptomatology, and a tendency for more dimension-specific non-shared environmental factors as a more important indicative of unique factors involved in specific types of sexual problems reported by women. These results emphasize genetic factors as possible organizing principles for an etiologically based classification approach of FSD.
A systematic error in the measurement of frost point using a Meteorological Office Mk 3 hygrometer

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

A series of laboratory and airborne experiments were undertaken to investigate a possible systematic error in the measurement of frost point using a Meteorological Office Mk 3 hygrometer. It was found that temperature gradients in the hygrometer thimble could cause the temperature sensor to read frost points too low by over 2 degC. The error was greater at low thimble temperatures. A table of corrections is presented for frost points in the range −40 to −85°C.
Poleward Shift of the Major Ocean Gyres Detected in a Warming Climate

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Recent evidence shows that wind‐driven ocean currents, like the western boundary currents, are strongly affected by global warming. However, due to insufficient observations both on temporal and spatial scales, the impact of climate change on large‐scale ocean gyres is still not clear. Here, based on satellite observations of sea surface height and sea surface temperature, we find a consistent poleward shift of the major ocean gyres. Due to strong natural variability, most of the observed ocean gyre shifts are not statistically significant, implying that natural variations may contribute to the observed trends. However, climate model simulations forced with increasing greenhouse gases suggest that the observed shift is most likely to be a response of global warming. The displacement of ocean gyres, which is coupled with the poleward shift of extratropical atmospheric circulation, has broad impacts on ocean heat transport, regional sea level rise, and coastal ocean circulation.
Water Cooking Stability of Dried Noodles Enriched with Different Particle Size and Concentration Green Tea Powders

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Incorporating green tea powder (GTP) into dried noodles enriched the functional characteristics of noodles. To achieve the maximum benefits from GTP, the water cooking stability of dried green tea noodles (DGTN) should be investigated. Indeed, antioxidant activities and phenolic compounds of DGTN after water cooking markedly decreased. The results showed that large GTP particles caused the increased cooking loss of DGTN, but the phenolic compound loss of DGTN prepared with them was low after cooking. Analysis of texture properties and microstructure showed that DGTN with a 2% concentration of large GTP particles formed some holes in the noodles’ network, and its breaking strength decreased. However, we observed that many GTP particles adhered to the surface of DGTN prepared with small GTP particles, and they were easier to lose after water cooking. Comprehensive analysis concluded that cooking loss, functional compounds retention and textural properties of DGTN were related to GTP particle size and concentration via the microstructure.
[The epidemiological patterns of rubella and the ways to improve epidemiological surveillance].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The retrospective epidemiological analysis of rubella morbidity in Perm has revealed that the epidemic process of rubella is revived every 2-3 years in winter and spring. Children of preschool age in organized groups are mainly affected; 42.5% of these children have no specific antibodies. Among adults, the risk group consists mainly of women aged 20-29 years. The intensity of the epidemic process of rubella in organized groups of children has been found to depend on the general level of collective immunity. The hemagglutination inhibition test with the use of rubella antigenic diagnosticum may be recommended for practical use in the system of epidemiological surveillance for the differential diagnosis of rubella with a view to distinguish it from other infections, the determination of the scope of the virus circulation among different groups of the population and the timely diagnosis of rubella in pregnant women.
Measuring Semantic Similarity between Named Entities by Searching the Web Directory

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The importance of named entities in information retrieval and knowledge management has recently brought interest in characterizing semantic relationships between entities. In this paper, we propose a method for measuring semantic similarity, an important type of semantic relationship, between entities. The method is based on Google Directory, a search interface to the Open Directory Project. Via the search engine, we can locate the web pages relevant to an entity and automatically create a profile of the entity according to the directory assignments of its web pages, which capture various features of the entity. Using their profiles, the semantic similarity between entities can be measured in different dimensions. We apply the semantic similarity measurement to two knowledge acquisition tasks: thesaurus construction of entities and fine grained categorization of entities. Our experiments demonstrate that the proposed method works effectively in these two tasks.
ERK dimerization as a determinant of tumour progression factors

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

RESUMEN: Casi el 50% de las neoplasias humanas presentan una señalización RAS-ERK no regulada; inhibirla es una estrategia válida para la intervención antineoplásica. La dimerización de ERK es esencial para la señalización extranuclear de las ERK, pero no para la nuclear. Aquí describimos el papel de los dímeros de ERK en la progresión tumoral en respuesta a diferentes estímulos. La diseminación celular mediada por la dimerización de ERK implica la remodelación de la actina, y las proteínas andamio de ERK como objetivos potenciales impulsados durante la tumorogénesis. En este estudio se realizan ensayos de quimiotaxis y se emplean modelos de migración 2D, de formación de organoides 3D y de metástasis de embrión de pollo. Hemos observado el papel tumorogénico mediado por la dimerización de ERK en los distintos estados de la progresión tumoral, monitorizado con el inhibidor de dímeros de ERK, DEL-22379.
"Single threads woven together in a tapestry": Dispositions of Teacher-Librarian Leaders

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This generic qualitative research study examined if and how the dispositions of six exemplary teacher-librarians evolve after a move into a formal leadership role. All of the participants were classroom teachers and teacher-librarians prior to moving into leadership roles in their schools/university or districts. Findings from this study are organized and presented based on the leadership dispositions identified by Kimmel, Dickinson and Doll (2012) in their Dispositional Continua and include descriptors used by teacher-librarian leaders that help clarify each disposition. Further research is needed to create a valid and reliable disposition assessment tool for pre-service and in-service teacher librarians and TL leaders.
Morphological and molecular characterization of common European species of Adialytus (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae) based on the mtCOI barcoding gene and geometric morphometrics of forewings

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In this study three common European species of the genus Adialytus Förster, 1862 were examined: Adialytus ambiguus (Haliday, 1834), Adialytus salicaphis (Fitch, 1855) and Adialytus thelaxis (Starý, 1961). Molecular analysis involved the DNA barcoding of a region of the mitochondrial gene cytochrome oxidase I (COI). The genetic difference based on Kimura s two-parameter model for computing pairwise distances showed that A. thelaxis differs from both A. ambiguus and A. salicaphis by 4.9 and 6% on average, respectively. The genetic distance between A. ambiguus and A. salicaphis was 1.5% on average, suggesting that barcodes based on the COI gene are insufficiently informative for separating these two species. Geometric morphometrics analysis of forewing size and shape revealed statistically significant differences. The R1 vein on the forewing of A. ambiguus is more elongated than on the wings of A. salicaphis and A. thelaxis. The geometric morphometrics analysis of the forewings also revealed that A. salicaphis and A. thelaxis have much broader forewings, suggesting strong flight ability associated with their parasitizing arboricolous aphids. The distal part of the forewing of Adialytus ambiguus is narrower, which in this case suggests poor flight ability associated with parasitizing Sipha aphids on grasses. An illustrated key for identifying the European species of Adialytus is provided.
Raising Employment and Mental Well-being Among People With Disadvantages – Results of a Hungarian Project

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract Background: People with disadvantages are a high-risk group of unemployment or underemployment. Disadvantages include disability, under-education, being a single parent or a member of a minority, etc. Effective labor market programs could be a key in raising employment and quality of life among this high-risk group of the society. The TOP 6.8.2.-15-NA1 project is one of the main Hungarian labor market programs. Methods: The project’s primary aims are increasing the employability of disadvantaged unemployed and supporting the efficiency of job-seeking. The sample of our study contains participants of the project (n=300), based in Zala County, Hungary. Results: We could identify low educated participants and older participants as higher risk groups of long-term unemployment. Conclusions: We emphasize the role of these services in the long-term individual success of participants. Improving the employment rate for people with disadvantages is a critical factor for enhancing the quality of life for individuals with disadvantages.
Synthetic Biology Open Language (SBOL) Version 2.2.0

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Synthetic biology builds upon the techniques and successes of genetics, molecular biology, and metabolic engineering by applying engineering principles to the design of biological systems. The field still faces substantial challenges, including long development times, high rates of failure, and poor reproducibility. One method to ameliorate these problems would be to improve the exchange of information about designed systems between laboratories. The synthetic biology open language (SBOL) has been developed as a standard to support the specification and exchange of biological design information in synthetic biology, filling a need not satisfied by other pre-existing standards. This document details version 2.2.0 of SBOL that builds upon version 2.1.0 published in last year’s JIB special issue. In particular, SBOL 2.2.0 includes improved description and validation rules for genetic design provenance, an extension to support combinatorial genetic designs, a new class to add non-SBOL data as attachments, a new class for genetic design implementations, and a description of a methodology to describe the entire design-build-test-learn cycle within the SBOL data model.
On the Incidence of Pulmonary Embolism in Spinal Arthrodesis and the Need for Better Evidence and Prevention Guidelines

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Pulmonary Embolism (PE) is a rare but serious event that may occur after spinal surgery. Vascular endothelial damage during surgery and immobilization of the patient after surgery contribute to a higher risk of thrombosis and subsequent PE. Prophylaxis including intermittent pneumatic compression stockings, heparin, and other interventions is often employed by the treatment team to lower the risk of thromboembolic complications. In orthopedic, trauma, burn and other high-risk surgical patients, the incidence of PE has been thoroughly studied, and this knowledge has been used to establish prophylaxis guidelines specifically for these patients. The incidence of PE in spinal fusion patients, however, is less well studied, and definitive prophylaxis guidelines are lacking. The aim of this article is to review what is known about the incidence of PE in spinal arthrodesis patients, and describe the need for better medical evidence and prevention guidelines on this issue.