jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of retinal vasculature in hepatitis C patients after the national program for treatment

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Purpose To describe retinochoroidal vascular alterations in patients treated through Egypt’s National Treatment program for hepatitis C using en face optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). Patients and methods This cross–sectional study included 60 patients (120 eyes) with a history of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, aged 34–61 years, who had achieved sustained virologic response after treatment with direct-acting antivirals. Exclusion criteria included ocular diseases, diabetes, or systemic conditions affecting microvasculature. Retinal and choroidal vascular parameters were assessed using OCTA, including superficial vessel density (SVD), deep vessel density (DVD), foveal avascular zone area, and subfoveal choroidal thickness. Data were analyzed by age subgroup and compared with previous studies. Results Patients demonstrated a significant reduction in retinal SVD and DVD, particularly in parafoveal areas, and a larger foveal avascular zone compared with normative data ( P <0.05). Subfoveal choroidal thickness was notably thinner, correlating with age and treatment duration. Age subgroup analysis revealed greater vascular alterations in older patients (≥50 years), with reductions in parafoveal SVD and DVD being most pronounced. Comparative studies indicate similar trends in microvascular alterations in treated HCV populations, though variations exist due to demographic and methodological differences. Conclusion En face OCTA reveals significant retinochoroidal vascular changes in post-HCV treatment patients, with age-related exacerbation. These findings suggest that microvascular remodeling persists despite viral eradication, emphasizing the need for long-term ocular monitoring. Further studies are warranted to explore underlying mechanisms and potential clinical implications.
A ‚ÄúTrans-Effect‚Äù in Carbon Double-Bond Hydrogenation

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The trans-effect in co-ordination chemistry is well known; however, what has not been examined in any detail is the effect of trans-molecules in heterogeneous catalytic hydrogenation. In this paper we will show that trans molecules hydrogenate more slowly than other isomers and can poison reactions of species that Would be expected to be more strongly bound. However, if a cis/trans-mixture is used this strong adsorption can be disrupted.
Redefining Family Relationships Following Adoption: Adoptive Parents' Perspectives on the Changing Nature of Kinship between Adoptees and Birth Relatives

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Contemporary child adoption in the UK and USA has been conceptualised as an extended kinship network of adopted children, birth relatives and adopters (Reitz and Watson, 1992; Grotevant and McRoy, 1998). This contrasts sharply with the traditional model of adoption as a form of family substitution. Yet, such a reconceptualisation raises many questions about the meaning of kinship for those involved. This paper draws on data from a series of biographical interviews with twenty-two parents who adopted children within the UK over a twenty-four-year period in order to explore post adoption ‘family relationships’ from the perspective of adoptive parents. It develops an analysis of definitions of ‘kinship’ created by adoptive parents in order to shape family relationships following adoption, particularly the processes through which birth relatives are rendered marginal or integral to adoptive family life. The relevance of current adoption policy and professional practices to these processes are explored. \n
Flow Characteristics of Hydraulic Fluids of Different Viscosities III. Comparison of a Thickened High-Water Fluid to an Unthickened 95/5 Fluid and to a Water Glycol Fluid

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

95/5 hydraulic fluids (95 percent water, 5 percent additives) have a low viscosity, essentially that of water. In certain kinds of pumps, as the pressure is increased, the low viscosity of the 9515 fluids causes excessive internal leakage and loss of efficiency. In an effort to improve the efficiency of equipment and reduce leakage when using the 95/5 fluids, a polyoxyalkylene thickening agent was added to the 95/5 fluid. Flow rates in a pump system, shear stability, low shear viscosities, and effective high shear viscosities were measured for high-water fluids containing this thickening agent. Flow rates of an unthickened high-water fluid and of a water glycol fluid were determined in the same system for comparison. The thickened high-water fluid showed great improvements in volumetric efficiency over the unthickened high-water fluid. For example, at 4200 kPa pressure (600 psi) a 95/5 unthickened fluid had a 45 percent volumetric efficiency while a thickened 90/10 fluid had a volumetric efficiency of 78 percent in the same vane pump.
Analysis of DNA Methylation Among Different Blossom Phenotypes of the Same Genotype Saintpaulia ionantha Based on MSAP

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

MSAP(methylation sensitive amplified polymorphism) technique has been carried out to analyze differences of the methylation status among 16 Saintpaulia ionantha genome DNA which were processed by double enzyme. 72 selective primer combinations were used and 49 of them amplified clear rich and repeatable bands. By analyzing, nearly 1/4 DNA methylation different status was obtained, which in stems and leaves from same individual or different individuals have same genotype. The results demonstrated that methylation levels in leaves were higher than those in stems from same individual. The DNA methylation mode in offspring breeding through the way of stem cottage was maintained consistently with the maternal organization. Methyla-tion and demethylation occurred in offspring, which breed through the way of leaf cottage, and the methylation levels in offspring leaves assumed a little decreasing.
A Study on the Seismic Response of Ground and Reinforced Concrete Buildings in Belgaum Region, India

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In the recent years, each unpredictable earthquake (for example Kobe, 1995; Taiwan, 1999; Kocaeli, 1999 and Bhuj, 2001) has revealed its own saga of destruction and failure of engineered structures. Therefore, regional variation in potential earthquake damage should be carefully assessed for better planning towards disaster mitigation. This requires assessment of the seismic ground motion parameters. The present study focus on the seismic response of ground and reinforced concrete buildings in Belgaum region (located in zone III, as per IS 1893–Part1: 2002) in Karnataka state. At present no strong motion records are available in this region and therefore, wavelet-based spectrum compatibility approach is used to generate synthetic earthquake motions for the region. The effect of soil deposits in the region on propagation of seismic motion parameters to the ground surface is investigated based on equivalent linear approach. The Frequency response analysis of buildings of various configurations is carried out with three dimensional numerical modeling. The results indicate the maximum spectral accelerations at the ground surface in the range of 0.68g to 1.29g and peak ground acceleration (PGA) amplifications in the range of 2.16 to 3.13. The predicted fundamental period of soil deposits in the region varies from 0.2 s to 0.4 s. The configuration of buildings susceptible to resonance due to the close matching of resulting wave frequencies of the ground is identified.
The Impact of Plant Essential Oils on the Growth of the Pathogens Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium solani, and Phytophthora pseudocryptogea

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Essential oils (EOs) extracted from aromatic and medicinal plants have the potential to inhibit the growth of various pathogens and, thus, be useful in the control of dangerous diseases. The application of environmentally friendly approaches to protect agricultural and forestry ecosystems from invasive and hazardous species has become more significant in last decades. Therefore, the identification and characterization of essential oils with a strong inhibitory activity against aggressive and widespread pathogens are of key importance in plant protection research. The main purpose of our study is to evaluate the impact of essential oils originating from different genotypes of bee balm, mint, and marigold on Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium solani, and Phytophthora pseudocryptogea. Twelve essential oils, including five EOs originating from Monarda fistulosa, one oil each from Monarda russeliana, Mentha longifolia, Mentha piperita, Tagetes patula, and Tagetes erecta, and two EOs from Tagetes tenuifolia were derived by steam or water distillation. The chemical composition of the tested EOs was determined by GS-MS analyses and their corresponding chemotypes were identified. The most effective against all three pathogens were determined to be the EOs originating from M. fistulosa and M. russeliana. B. cinerea, and P. pseudocryptogea were also significantly affected by the M. piperita essential oil. The most efficient EOs involved in this investigation and their potential to control plant pathogens are discussed.
Addition compounds of oxidizing tocopherol and soybean lecithin

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Evidence is presented for the formation of addition compounds from tocopherol and soybean lecithin, when adsorbed in monolayer on silica from a mixed solution in chloroform and oxidized at 80 C for 72 hr. Tocopherol was present at 7 mol % of the lecithin in the monolayer. The compounds produced are analogous to linoleic acid‐tocopherol adducts previously reported by us. UV spectra of the mixed lecithin and tocopherol monolayers while in silica gel slurry in a solvent were obtained by the method previously reported by us for oxidized linoleic acid and tocopherol monolayers. The monolayer spectra show no evidence for tocopherol dimer. A minor amount of quinone is indicated, but the spectrum has a maximum at 287 nm with no other major peaks. The proposed addition compounds have been characterized by transesterification and hydrogenation, UV, IR, thin layer chromatography and gas chromatography retention behavior, mass spectrometry and elemental analysis. IR spectra of twice‐chromatographed addition compounds show specific lecithin absorption bands (5.75 μ; 10.3 μ) together with much enhanced 3.4–3.5, 6.8, 7.25 and 9.14 μ peaks, the latter two being characteristic of α‐tocopherol. The UV spectrum of the adducts showed λ max CHCl 3 287 nm, with shoulders at 276 and 300 nm. Hydrogenation removed the peaks at 287 and 276 nm, leaving a peak at 300 nm similar to that of the linoleic acid‐tocopherol adduct. Esters of the adducts prepared by transesterification and hydrogenation were similar by all our chemical, chromatographic and spectral tests to the previously characterized esters of the linoleic acid‐tocopherol adduct.
UAV PATH PLANNING USING GENETIC ALGORITHM WITH PARALLEL IMPLEMENTATION

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The objective of path planning algorithms is to find the optimal path from a source position to a target position. This paper proposes a real-time path planner for UAVs based on the genetic algorithm. The proposed approach does not identify any specific points outside or between obstacles to solve the problems of the invisible path. In addition, this approach uses no additional steps in the genetic algorithm to handle the problems resulting from generating points inside the obstacles, or the intersection between path segments with obstacles. For these reasons, this paper introduces a simple evaluation method that takes into account the intersections between the path segments and obstacles to find a collision-free and near to optimal path. This evaluation method take into account overlapped and intersected obstacles. The sequential implementation for all of the genetic algorithm steps is detailed.
Construction of Adenovirus Vector Expressing Duck Sclerostin and its Induction Effect on Myogenic Proliferation and Differentiation In Vitro

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract

Background: bones and muscles originated together from the mesoderm during embryogenesis, and they can influence each other through mechanical stimulations and chemical signals. The sclerostin (SOST) is secreted from mature osteocytes. Here, we used a bird model to illustrate the potential roles of SOST on duck myoblasts to verify the hypothesis that SOST might play functions in coordinating the development of bones and muscles. Methods and Results: Firstly, a recombinant adenovirus vector carrying duck SOST was constructed. Then, the adenovirus-mediated duck SOST was transfected into duck myoblasts. The results revealed by CCK-8 showed that the cell proliferation of myoblasts was inhibited after 12 h, 36 h, and 48 h treatment by transfection of SOST. The labeling rates of EdU positive cells in the Ad-duSOST group were significantly lower than the Ad-NC group (P<0.05). However, the flow cytometry showed that the G0/G1 phase number of cells was not significantly different. Furthermore, the immunofluorescence results showed that the formation of myotubes was inhibited. Subsequent transcriptome revealed that, under the ectopic expression of SOST, the genes related to Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, muscle development (regulation of action cytoskeleton, Wnt signaling pathway), and intercellular regulation were changed. Six of the top 20 DEGs were related to morphogenesis. Conclusions: Our studies demonstrated that the SOST played critical roles in myoblasts differentiation by mediating the crosstalk among several pathways and transcription factors related to cell differentiation. Our data provided cellular evidence supporting the combined functions of SOST in coordinating bone and muscle co-development.
Middle Persian Culture and Babylonian Sages: Accommodation and Resistance in the Shaping of Rabbinic Legal Tradition

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Jews and Persians had coexisted in Mesopotamia, mostly peaceably, for some 750 years before the Sasanian dynasty took over from the Arcasids in 224 C.E. They would continue to do so for more than another four centuries, including the entire amoraic period (220-500 C.E.). As the late third-century R. Huna put it, the Babylonian "exiles" were at ease in Babylonia, as the other exiles - those in the Roman world - were not (B. Menahot 110a). The Persian emperor wanted it that way. Jews were a significant minority in a vital province; Mesopotamia was both the breadbasket of the empire and the province most vulnerable to Roman invasion; unlike Christians, who might become a fifth column once Christianity became a tolerated religion in 313 C.E., the Jews would support the regime if they were left alone.
Deep Learning Towards Mobile Applications

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Recent years have witnessed an explosive growth of mobile devices. Mobile devices are permeating every aspect of our daily lives. With the increasing usage of mobile devices and intelligent applications, there is a soaring demand for mobile applications with machine learning services. Inspired by the tremendous success achieved by deep learning in many machine learning tasks, it becomes a natural trend to push deep learning towards mobile applications. However, there exist many challenges to realize deep learning in mobile applications, including the contradiction between the miniature nature of mobile devices and the resource requirement of deep neural networks, the privacy and security concerns about individuals' data, and so on. To resolve these challenges, during the past few years, great leaps have been made in this area. In this paper, we provide an overview of the current challenges and representative achievements about pushing deep learning on mobile devices from three aspects: training with mobile data, efficient inference on mobile devices, and applications of mobile deep learning. The former two aspects cover the primary tasks of deep learning. Then, we go through our two recent applications that apply the data collected by mobile devices to inferring mood disturbance and user identification. Finally, we conclude this paper with the discussion of the future of this area.
The potential effect of improved provision of rabies post-exposure prophylaxis in Gavi-eligible countries: a modelling study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

BackgroundTens of thousands of people die from dog-mediated rabies annually. Deaths can be prevented through post-exposure prophylaxis for people who have been bitten, and the disease eliminated through dog vaccination. Current post-exposure prophylaxis use saves many lives, but availability remains poor in many rabies-endemic countries due to high costs, poor access, and supply.MethodsWe developed epidemiological and economic models to investigate the effect of an investment in post-exposure prophylaxis by Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance. We modelled post-exposure prophylaxis use according to the status quo, with improved access using WHO-recommended intradermal vaccination, with and without rabies immunoglobulin, and with and without dog vaccination. We took the health provider perspective, including only direct costs.FindingsWe predict more than 1 million deaths will occur in the 67 rabies-endemic countries considered from 2020 to 2035, under the status quo. Current post-exposure prophylaxis use prevents approximately 56 000 deaths annually. Expanded access to, and free provision of, post-exposure prophylaxis would prevent an additional 489 000 deaths between 2020 and 2035. Under this switch to efficient intradermal post-exposure prophylaxis regimens, total projected vaccine needs remain similar (about 73 million vials) yet 17·4 million more people are vaccinated, making this an extremely cost-effective method, with costs of US$635 per death averted and $33 per disability-adjusted life-years averted. Scaling up dog vaccination programmes could eliminate dog-mediated rabies over this time period; improved post-exposure prophylaxis access remains cost-effective under this scenario, especially in combination with patient risk assessments to reduce unnecessary post-exposure prophylaxis use.InterpretationInvesting in post-exposure vaccines would be an extremely cost-effective intervention that could substantially reduce disease burden and catalyse dog vaccination efforts to eliminate dog-mediated rabies.FundingWorld Health Organization.
An upstream open reading frame regulates vasculogenic mimicry of glioma via ZNRD1‐AS1/miR‐499a‐5p/ELF1/EMI1 pathway

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Increasing evidence has suggested that gliomas can supply blood through vasculogenic mimicry. In this study, the expression and function of ZNRD1‐AS1‐144aa‐uORF (144aa‐uORF) and some non‐coding RNAs in gliomas were assessed. Real‐time quantitative PCR or Western blot was used to discover the expression of 144aa‐uORF, ZNRD1‐AS1, miR‐499a‐5p, ELF1 and EMI1 in gliomas. In addition, RIP and RNA pull‐down assays were applied to explore the interrelationship between 144aa‐uORF and ZNRD1‐AS1. The role of the 144aa‐uORF\ZNRD1‐AS1\miR‐499a‐5p\ELF1\EMI1 axis in vasculogenic mimicry formation of gliomas was analysed. This study illustrates the reduced expression of the 144aa‐uORF in glioma tissues and cells. Up‐regulation of 144aa‐uORF inhibits proliferation, migration, invasion and vasculogenic mimicry formation within glioma cells. The up‐regulated 144aa‐uORF can increase the degradation of ZNRD1‐AS1 through the nonsense‐mediated RNA decay (NMD) pathway. Knockdown of ZNRD1‐AS1 inhibits vasculogenic mimicry in glioma cells by modulating miR‐499a‐5p. At the same time, miR‐499a‐5p is down‐regulated and has a tumour‐suppressive effect in gliomas. In addition, ZNRD1‐AS1 serves as a competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) and regulates the expression of ELF1 by binding to miR‐499a‐5p. Notably, ELF1 binds to the promoter region of EMI1 and up‐regulates EMI1 expression, while simultaneously promoting vasculogenic mimicry in glioma cells. This study suggests that the 144aa‐uORF\ZNRD1‐AS1\miR‐499a‐5p\ELF1\EMI1 axis takes key part in regulating the formation of vasculogenic mimicry in gliomas and may provide a potential target for glioma treatment.
Design aspects of the hybrid HVDC system

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Hybrid high voltage direct current transmission (Hybrid HVDC) is a new type of HVDC technology developed in recent years. It combines the characteristics of large-capacity and low cost of the line commutated converters (LCC) and non-commutation failure and dynamic reactive power support of the voltage sourced converters (VSCs) in one HVDC system. It has technical advantages in the fields of unidirectional power transmission and in the application of improving the stability of multi-infeed HVDCs, giving it broad application prospects. This paper defines the basic form of hybrid HVDC first and discusses the characteristics and challenges of different hybrid HVDCs. Then, it analyzes the matching characteristics between LCC and VSC in the station-station hybrid HVDC, studies the key technologies, such as VSC topologies and control strategies for clearing the DC overhead line faults, and introduces the key technologies for analyzing and suppressing the high-frequency resonances between VSC and the power grid. In this paper, using the Wudongde UHV multi-terminal HVDC as an example, the proposed key technologies are analyzed and verified.
Scale Mixtures of Normal Distributions

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Summary This paper presents necessary and sufficient conditions under which a random variable X may be generated as the ratio Z/V where Z and V are independent and Z has a standard normal distribution. This representation is useful in Monte Carlo calculations. It is established that when 1/2V 2 is exponential, X is double exponential; and that when 1/2V has the asymptotic distribution of the Kolmogorov distance statistic, X is logistic.