jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Microbial Resolution of Racemic 2- and 3-Alkylcyclohexanols

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

By using microorganisms (their esterase), (±)-trans and cis-2-methylcyclohexyl acetates were asymmetrically hydrolyzed to (−)-trans-2-methylcyc]ohexanol with (+)-trans-2-methyl-cyclohexyl acetate and (−)-cis-2-methylcyclohexanol with (+)-cis-2-methylcyclohexyl acetate. Similarly (±)-trans and cis-3-methylcyclohexyl acetates were hydrolyzed by the same microorganisms to give (+)-trans-3-methylcyclohexanol with (−)-trans-3-methylcyclohexyl acetate and (−)-cis-3-methylcyclohexanol with (+)-cis-3-methylcyclohexyl acetate.
[Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity in rat serum in hyperoxia, hypoxia, and cooling].

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) was increased in blood serum in hypoxic hypoxia, hypoxia and cooling stress. The degree of this alteration depended on duration of the action of the effectors and on oxygen pressure. Adaptation to cooling was characterized by stabilization of enzymatic activity at the new metabolic step. Mechanisms of G6PD activation in blood serum under conditions of extreme states as well as the possibilities of utilization of this phenomenon as a test are discussed.
Optimal quantum error correction from Hamiltonian models or process tomography

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

A method is presented to integrate a complete "black-box" error correction scheme, that takes quantum process tomography as input and iterates until it finds an optimal error correcting encoding and recovery, thus tying theory to experimental decoherence control.The use of tomography in conjunction with optimal error correction has the potential to provide an effective and practical tool for the engineering development of a quantum computer."In a machine such as this there are very many other problems due to imperfections. . . .Until we propose a complete implementation of this, it is very difficult to analyze.At least some of these problems can be remedied in the usual way by techniques such as error correcting codes and so forth, that have been studied in normal computers.But until we find a specific implementation for this computer, I do not know how to proceed to analyze these effects.However, it appears that they would be very important in practice.This computer seems to be very delicate and these imperfections may produce considerable havoc."-R.P.
The therapeutic potential of angiotensin II receptor blockers in the treatment of heart failure

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In clinical heart failure (HF) the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system is an important component of neurohormonal activation. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors have been shown to be of great clinical benefit in reducing the production of angiotensin II. However, they do not fully suppress angiotensin II production in HF because there are other pathways through which angiotensin II can be produced. Theoretically, angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) have great potential because of their ability to directly block angio-tensin II produced through any pathway. A large body of literature has accumulated examining the effects of ARBs in HF. The earlier, smaller studies examined outcomes such as symptoms, neurohormonal concentrations and cardiac function. More recent, larger studies have examined the effects of ARBs on mortality and morbidity. This paper reviews the data defining the role of ARBs in the treatment of HF patients, focusing more on the large randomised clinical outcome trials.
Sustainable Development of the Cities and the EU Investments Taking Process

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Miestas yra svarbus valstybės ar tam tikro regiono ekonominio ir socialinio vystymosi variklis. Taciau pasaulyje spartėjant urbanizacijos procesams bei sparciai augant mietuose gyvenancių žmonių skaiciui, juose kyla ir tam tikrų ekologinių, ekonominių bei socialinių problemų. Todėl issiaiskinus ir įvertinus urbanizacijos sukeliamus neigiamus padarinius, susirūpinta darniu miestų vystymu. Straipsnyje remiantis sukaupta teorine ir praktine medžiaga, įvertinus ekonomikos teorijos ir darnaus vystymosi principus, analizuojamas miestų darnus vystymas investicijų kontekste ir jo įsisavinimo metu kylancios problemos. Siekiant užsibrėžto tikslo buvo isanalizuota darnaus miesto vystymosi koncepcija ir pateiktos miestų darnaus vystymosi problemos investicijų kontekste, kaip pavyzdį imant Siaulių miestą. Straipsnis parengtas sisteminės mokslinės literatūros analizės, bendrosios ir loginės analizės, lyginimo ir apibendrinimo bei abstrakcijos metodais.
Early Recognition of Childhood Deafness

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Some parents of deaf and hard of hearing children are impatient with American medical care and not without justification. The enclosed "Hearing Checklist"1 was put together by a parent, working for the volunteer organization "Foundation for Hearing Research Inc." She gathered the material from several sources after hearing that deaf infants are routinely picked up in New Zealand by observation in their clinics at 6 months of age. It is evidently rare to pick them up this early in the United States.
Study on the Legal Adaptation of Digital Asset Trading and Securities Laws

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This thesis discusses the connection between digital asset trading and securities law, and analyzes the role and importance of securities law in digital asset trading. As an emerging market, digital asset trading involves the issues of investor protection, information disclosure, and compliance of trading platforms. Securities law provides legal protection and regulatory framework for digital asset trading by regulating market behavior, protecting investors' rights and interests and maintaining market order. Investors should be aware of local securities laws and comply with compliance requirements to ensure the legality and safety of transactions. Regulators should actively follow up the market development and continuously improve the regulatory mechanism of digital asset trading to promote the healthy development of the market.
Pelaksanaan Peraturan Menteri Sosial

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Karang Taruna ia a community organization as a means of developing every member of the community that grows and develops on the basis of awareness and responsibility. However in Muaratais II Village Angkola Muaratais sub district, south Tapanuli Regency, the fuction of the youth Organization is still experiencing various promlems, one of wich is the potential of the younger generation and the community, the lack of attention from youth organization to providers of education and training for the community, and the lack community empowerment providers, especially the younger generation and the environment in a comprehensively integrated and directed manner and still experiencing many promlems due to thee lack of a sense of responsibility of society as individuals who have the potential and have a strong social sprit. From these problems, I want to know how the implementation of the Minister of Social Affairs Regulation Number 25 Year 2019 concerning the Function of Youth Organization in Muaratais District, Tapanuli Selatan Regency, what are the supporting and inhibiting factors, and how to riview Siyasah Fiqh on the implementation of the Minister of Social Affairs Regulation Number 25 of 2019 regarding the function youth organization in Muaratais II Village, Angkola Muaratais Sub-district, south Tapanuli Regency. The type of research used in this research I field research, using qualitative descriftive analysis methods, namely describing phenomena or events that data collection instruments used consisted of interviews, observations, and documentation. The result of this study are that the imolementation of the minister of social Affairs Regulation Number 25 of 2019 Article 6 paragraph (1) concerning yhe function of youth Organization in Muaratais
A metaheuristic for the pickup and delivery problem with time windows

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

In this paper, we propose a metaheuristic to solve the pickup and delivery problem with time windows. Our approach is a tabu-embedded simulated annealing algorithm which restarts a search procedure from the current best solution after several non-improving search iterations. The computational experiments on the six newly-generated different data sets marked our algorithm as the first approach to solve large multiple-vehicle PDPTW problem instances with various distribution properties.
A SURREJOINDER TO REINHARD HARTMANN

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Journal Article A SURREJOINDER TO REINHARD HARTMANN Get access Laurence Urdang Laurence Urdang Old LymeCT 06371/USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar International Journal of Lexicography, Volume 13, Issue 4, December 2000, Pages 313–315, https://doi.org/10.1093/ijl/13.4.313 Published: 01 December 2000
Association reactions of C+ ions with H2 and D2 molecules at 78 and 300 K

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The association reactions of C+ ions with H2 and D2 molecules have been investigated using drift tube–mass spectrometer techniques. It is found that at H2 or D2 densities of ∼1×1016 cm−3 the reactions proceed by three-body association, with rate coefficients of (3±0.3)×10−29 cm6/s at 300 K and (6±0.6)×10−29 cm6/s at 78 K for H2, with slightly larger values for D2. The measurements also place an upper limit of k≲2×10−14 cm3/s at 300 K for the rate coefficient for radiative association C++H2→CH2++hν, a process thought to constitute an important step in the formation of molecules in interstellar gas clouds.
The Identity of Some Cyphonautes Larvae (Polyzoa)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

SUMMARY Five cyphonautes are described in Nordisches Plankton (Lohmann, 1911). Cyphonautes schneideri and C. borealis are larvae of Membranipora membranacea and represent extremes of variation in the shape of the shell. Cyphonautes balticus , like C. compressus which was very inadequately described, is the larva of Electra pilosa . The cyphonautes of these two species are the only ones likely to be encountered in the plankton of normally saline European seas. Cyphonautes barroisi is the larva of the brackish-water Electra crustulenta . Cyphonautes balticus Thorson (1946), not Lohmann, is the larva of M. membranacea . Larval synonymies for M. membranacea and E. pilosa are given. The use of the Cyphonautes names is undesirable, and those of the polyzoan adults should be employed.
[Comparison of the reactivating effect of BI-6, a new asymmetrical bispyridinium oxime, with oxime HI-6 and obidoxime on soman-inhibited acetylcholinesterase in the diaphragm and various parts of the brain in rats].

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The new oxime BI-6 is not as effective as HI-6 which seems to have definite advantages over other oximes in the treatment of soman poisoning.
Inducible Pluripotent Stem Cells for Cardiac Regeneration

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The adult human heart has limited intrinsic regenerative capacity, and so the myocardium lost after a myocardial infarction is typically replaced by noncontractile scar tissue, often initiating congestive heart failure. Current treatment options are limited in preventing ventricular remodeling because of their inability to repair or replace damaged myocardium. Novel therapeutic modalities for improving cardiac function, such as cell therapy, are imperative. With the first derivation of human embryonic stem cells from preimplantation embryos more than a decade ago it seemed that a new potential source of cells for the treatment of many degenerative diseases had emerged, including cardiomyocytes for cardiac repair. Recently, another breakthrough took place. By the overexpression of four retrovirally transduced transcription factors in mouse dermal fibroblasts, grown in conditions favoring embryonic stem cells expansion, inducible pluripotent stem (iPS) cell could be generated. The promise of applying this technology to human cells was rapidly realized with the successful generation of human iPS cells from human fibroblasts. These cells have the potential to regenerate functional myocardium. In addition, they may be a useful model for studying genetic diseases. The development and potential of these cells for treating and studying cardiac diseases is reviewed in this chapter.
Uncertainty inequalities for weighted spaces of analytic functions on the unit disk

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In this paper we establish uncertainty inequality of Heisenberg type for Hardy space H , Dirichlet space D and Bergman space B , respectively.Next, we introduce a weighted Hardy space H  .This space which gives a generalization of some Hilbert spaces of analytic functions on the unit disk like, the Hardy space H , the Dirichlet space D and the Bergman space B , it plays a background to our contribution.Especially, we study the derivative operator D and its adjoint operator L  on H  , and we deduce a general uncertainty inequality of Heisenberg type for this space.
Leadership Theory and Development: The Coming ″New Phase″

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The current state of leadership training and development is summarised, as well as the three phases through which leadership theory and practice have passed (trait, behavioural and situational phases). Then weaknesses of these three approaches to leadership are highlighted, along with what seems needed for the field to advance. New and intriguing directions in leadership research are then outlined, along with preliminary insights from these approaches. Finally, it is argued that we may now be poised on the brink of significant innovative advances in theory and in leadership development, based on these new approaches and findings.
Back to the Basics: Developing Advanced Metal–Organic Frameworks Using Fundamental Chemistry Concepts

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Over the past 25 years, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have developed into an increasingly intricate class of crystalline porous materials in which the choice of building blocks offers significant control over the physical properties of the resulting material. Despite this complexity, fundamental coordination chemistry design principles provided a strategic basis to design highly stable MOF structures. In this Perspective, we provide an overview of these design strategies and discuss how researchers leverage fundamental chemistry concepts to tune reaction parameters and synthesize highly crystalline MOFs. We then discuss these design principles in the context of several literature examples, highlighting both relevant fundamental chemistry principles and additional design principles required to access stable MOF structures. Finally, we envision how these fundamental concepts may offer access to even more advanced structures with tailored properties as the MOF field looks toward the future.
Review of modern concepts in the engineering interpretation of earthquake response spectra

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The design response spectrum is typically the starting point of most codified seismic design and assessment procedures and is used predominantly to prescribe the applied inertia forces induced by earthquake ground motions. This paper introduces and reviews modern concepts related to the effective development and application of earthquake design response spectra, including the conventional acceleration response spectrum, the velocity spectrum, and the displacement spectrum. It further briefly reviews the concepts of the inelastic response spectrum and the capacity spectrum. A number of the ideas presented are targeted particularly at assisting practising engineers working in low- and moderate-seismicity environments. The principal purpose is to enlighten engineers to modern concepts in response spectra development, in order to subsequently facilitate the effective use of the information contained in an earthquake response spectrum for both analysis and design applications.
The behavioral energetics of New Zealand's bats: Daily torpor and hibernation, a continuum

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) We examine the impact of behavior on the short-term energy expenditures of the only terrestrial mammals endemic to New Zealand, two bats, the long-tailed (Chalinolobus tuberculatus, family Vespertilionidae), and the lesser short-tailed (Mystacina tuberculata, family Mystacinidae). Vespertilionidae has a world-wide distribution. Mystacinidae is restricted to New Zealand, although related to five neotropical families and one in Madagascar reflecting a shared Gondwanan origin of their Noctilionoidea superfamily. Both species have highly variable body temperatures and rates of metabolism. They feed on flying insects, which requires them to be torpid in shelters during cold, wet periods. In dry weather Mystacina is active in winter at ambient temperatures as low as −1.0 °C, foraging for terrestrial invertebrates in leaf litter, even in the presence of snow, and consuming fruit, nectar, and pollen from endemic plants that bloom in winter. The behavior of Mystacina expands its presence in a cool, wet, temperate forest in a manner unlike any other bat, another example of the distinctive characteristics of the endemic New Zealand fauna. The use of torpor generally depends on a series of factors, including body mass, ambient temperature, latitude, reproductive cycle, sociality, and fat deposits. These factors result in a diversity of responses that range along a continuum from short-term torpor to hibernation.
Reaching the ‘hard to reach’: strategies to recruit black and minority ethnic service users with rare long-term neurological conditions

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Little is known about health and social care experiences of patients with rare long-term neurological conditions. Furthermore, black and minority ethnic (BME) service users are often perceived to be under-represented in health services research. BME service users have been described as 'hard to reach' in the past. However, evidence suggests that a variety of recruitment methods need to be used in order to increase recruitment. We employed a range of recruitment strategies shown to be effective in recruiting BME patients, to recruit patients to participate in one-to-one interviews to establish experiences of health and social care. Strategies included community and clinically based strategies. In total we recruited 15 participants through these recruitment methods, with all recruits ultimately coming from neurology clinics and disease-specific charities. Despite community-based strategies generating interest and a willingness to be involved, the rare nature of these conditions resulted in a lack of recruits from these strategies. Consequently we conclude that researchers need to plan and prioritise strategies carefully in order to maximise recruitment and utilise resources efficiently dependent on the nature of the research.
The Genetic Fingerprint of Susceptibility to Transplant Associated Thrombotic Microangiopathy

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Transplant associated thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) is frequent after HSCT, and in severe cases causes significant morbidity and mortality. Currently there are no data addressing individual susceptibility to transplant associated TMA. Frequent genetic variants in ADAMTS13 and complement genes have been described in other microangiopathies such as aHUS and TTP. We hypothesized that polymorphic variants in complement genes increase susceptibility to transplant associated TMA. 90 consecutive allogeneic HSCT patients were enrolled on a prospective TMA biomarker study and categorized as having TMA or no TMA using rigorous diagnostic criteria (Jodele et al, Blood 2014). Genomic DNA was isolated from pre-HSCT recipient blood. We used a candidate gene approach to identify 12 genes within the complement pathway likely to play a role in terminal complement activation, the likely effector mechanism for vascular damage in TMA. All exons, flanking intronic and untranslated regions of ADAMTS13, CFH, CFI, CFB, MCB, THBD, C3, C5, CFD, CFHR1, CFHR3 and CFHR5 were sequenced using next generation sequencing technology. The resulting sequence reads were aligned against the reference DNA sequence and the variants were detected using NextGENe software. Observed variants were compared against dbSNP (NCBI). Novel variants were further evaluated using laboratory developed bioinformatic tools. Eight variants previously described as likely pathogenic and 34 variants of unknown pathogenic significance were identified. Results were compared in patients with and without TMA. 77 patients had DNA available for analysis (34 with TMA and 43 without TMA); 23 of 34 (68%) subjects with TMA had complement gene variants as compared to 4 of 43 (9%) controls without TMA (p<0.0001). Figure shows a "heat map" of gene variants in recipients with and without TMA illustrating the wide distribution of variants in multiple genes in the TMA cases, while few variants are seen in those without TMA. Likely pathogenic variants previously described in other microangiopathies were seen in ADAMTS13 (n=2), CFH (n=2), CFB (n=1), CFHR5 (n=1) and CFI (n=3), all in recipients with TMA. No known pathogenic variants were seen in subjects without TMA. Two recipients with TMA had homozygous deletion of CFHR3/R1, which was not seen in the recipients without TMA. The median number of gene variants (of known or unknown significance) seen in recipients with TMA was 1 (0-7), and 0 (0-2) in those without TMA (p<0.0001). Two subjects had 5 variants and one 7 variants and all three had fatal TMA. The incidence of complement gene variants was higher in patients with TMA as compared to patients without TMA, indicating that genetic susceptibility importantly alters risk. Additional larger studies are needed to define the mechanistic importance of variants of unknown clinical significance.
The Neurosurgical Management of Wounded in the Okinawa Campaign

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The Neurosurgical Management of Wounded in the Okinawa Campaign John W. Devine, Jr., M.C., A.U.S., John W. Devine, Jr., M.C., A.U.S. Now located at Lynchburg, Virginia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Hollon W. Farr, M.C., A.U.S. Hollon W. Farr, M.C., A.U.S. Now Assistant Resident in Surgery at Memorial Hospital, New York, New York Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Military Surgeon, Volume 103, Issue 3, September 1948, Pages 202–207, https://doi.org/10.1093/milmed/103.3.202 Published: 01 September 1948