jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Barnyard millet (Echinocloa frumentaceae (Roxb.) Link) germplasm for quantitative traits to enhance its utilization

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Barnyard millet, Echinochloa sp. is one of the important small millet crops used as food and fodder crop. Utilization of diverse germplasm is important in breeding programme to improve yield of the crop. In the present study, 494 barnyard millet germplasm were characterized using multivariate traits. Wide variation was observed for most of the traits indicated the scope of importance of these characters by direct selection. Phenotypic correlation between grain yield per plant was in significantly positive association with days to 50% flowering, plant height, the number of productive tillers, days to maturity and straw weight whereas, it was negatively associated with length of peduncle. Principle component analysis showed that the first two components contributed about 64% of the total variability. The proportions of the total variance attributed to the first two principle components were 43% and 20% respectively. The characters days to 50% flowering, plant height, days to maturity and straw weight were the most important traits contributing to the total variance in the first two principle components, indicating their importance for the characterization of barnyard millet germplasm accessions and these traits could be effectively used for future breeding programmes to create more variability. K means clustering method based on 7 quantitative traits among 494 barnyard millet germplasm was able to separate and grouped them into 23 clusters. Crossing accessions belonging to different clusters would maximize opportunities for transgressive segregation because of the higher probability that unrelated genotypes will contribute unique desirable alleles at multiple loci. Variability present in barnyard millet germplasm can be effectively used for the selection of specific donor lines for improvement of barnyard millet.
Malaria misdiagnosis in Uganda – implications for policy change

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In Uganda, like in many other countries traditionally viewed as harbouring very high malaria transmission, the norm has been to recommend that febrile episodes are diagnosed as malaria. In this study, the policy implications of such recommendations are revisited.A cross-sectional survey was undertaken at outpatient departments of all health facilities in four Ugandan districts. The routine diagnostic practices were assessed for all patients during exit interviews and a research slide was obtained for later reading. Primary outcome measures were the accuracy of national recommendations and routine malaria diagnosis in comparison with the study definition of malaria (any parasitaemia on expert slide examination in patient with fever) stratified by age and intensity of malaria transmission. Secondary outcome measures were the use, interpretation and accuracy of routine malaria microscopy.1,763 consultations undertaken by 233 health workers at 188 facilities were evaluated. The prevalence of malaria was 24.2% and ranged between 13.9% in patients >or=5 years in medium-to-high transmission areas to 50.5% for children <5 years in very high transmission areas. Overall, the sensitivity and negative predictive value (NPV) of routine malaria diagnosis were high (89.7% and 91.6% respectively) while the specificity and positive predictive value (PPV) were low (35.6% and 30.8% respectively). However, malaria was under-diagnosed in 39.9% of children less than five years of age in the very high transmission area. At 48 facilities with functional microscopy, the use of malaria slide examination was low (34.5%) without significant differences between age groups, or between patients for whom microscopy is recommended or not. 96.2% of patients with a routine positive slide result were treated for malaria but also 47.6% with a negative result.Current recommendations and associated clinical practices result in massive malaria over-diagnosis across all age groups and transmission areas in Uganda. Yet, under-diagnosis is also common in children <5 years. The potential benefits of malaria microscopy are not realized. To address malaria misdiagnosis, Uganda's policy shift from presumptive to parasitological diagnosis should encompass introduction of malaria rapid diagnostic tests and substantial strengthening of malaria microscopy.
[Repeated deterioration of tuberculous meningitis due to a reduction in the corticosteroid dosage during chemotherapy].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A 17-year-old man with a high fever, confusion and neck stiffness was diagnosed to have tuberculous meningitis, and was immediately placed on prednisolone (40 mg/day) as well as standard antituberculosis drugs (isoniazid, rifampicin and pyrazinamide). The clinical symptoms improved rapidly and the number of cerebrospinal fluid(CSF) cells decreased from 1837/mm3 on admission to 76/mm3 on the 7th day. Thereafter the dosage of prednisolone was gradually reduced. As a result, however increased nuchal rigidity, papilloedema and an increase in the number of CSF cells of 934/mm3 were all observed on the 35th day. Prednisolone thus again administered at the original dosage and the patient quickly showed a clinical improvement. CSF cells decreased to 271/mm3 on the 70th day. When prednisolone was again tapered down, increased nuchal rigidity, abducent nerve palsy and papilloedema appeared again with a marked increase in the number of CSF cells of 1309/mm3 on the 91th day. Therefore, we continued to treat the patient with prednisolone, in addition to the standard antituberculosis treatment, at a dose of 80 mg/day and tapered off very slowly over six months. This treatment resulted in a marked recovery with no recurrence. In this case, prednisolone was indispensable for treating tuberculous meningitis in combination with appropriate antituberculosis drugs, though the role of corticosteroids has remained controversial over the years. This case might be an example of paradoxical progression in tuberculous meningitis.
On-Demand Control of Lanthanide Optical Dynamics via Pumping-Flux Modulation

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Precise control of lanthanide luminescence decay is essential for the development of emerging nanophotonic applications. However, existing strategies rely on static material modifications. Here, we introduce a pumping-flux modulation strategy that enables reversible, on-demand tuning of luminescence lifetimes via direct control of the cross-relaxation processes. Using highly Er3+-doped nanocrystals, we demonstrate that adjusting excitation pulse duration and intensity enables over 10-fold tuning in green (from 47.3 to 537.1 μs) and near-infrared (1506.4 to 145.5 μs) emissions. Mechanistic studies reveal that excitation profile modulation alters the populations of ground and intermediate energy states, which, in turn, influences cross-relaxation pathways and emission kinetics. We further demonstrate dynamically programmable lifetime mapping for optical encryption, eliminating the need for complex materials engineering. This work introduces a fundamentally new route for controlling lanthanide emission in real time with broad implications for adaptive displays, reconfigurable photonics, and time-domain optical security.
An Overview of P450 Enzymes: Opportunity and Challenges in Industrial Applications

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Cytochrome P450 enzymes (P450s) containing a heme-iron center, are biocatalysts from all kingdoms, involvedin a large variety of reactions. Their potential in catalyzing a broad range of substrates makes perfect candidates for biotechnology applications and the production of high-value compounds. Biocatalytic reactions performed by P450s have a great interest in the pharmaceutical industry, fine chemicals, cosmetics, and for bioremediation procedures. However, the complex nature of this protein is still a major hurdle in the prospect of using their promising ability for expanding the number of industrial applications. Multiple approaches of protein engineering are currently conducted to improve activity, stability and/or substrate specificity for a given reaction. Furthermore, in combination with the appropriate biocatalyst, a suitable bioengineering process is a key step in the implementation of P450s at the industrial scale.
Experimental Investigation of Tool Breakage in Micro Drilling of EN AW-5083 Aluminium

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Nowadays micro hole drilling is more and more applied machining operation. Because of less than 1 millimeter diameter, and of the relatively high thrust force, micro drills are more easily break than conventional ones. In this paper the experiences of micro drilling tests are summarize in order to demonstrate that measuring thrust force is efficient way to recognize the tool breakage. In order to evaluate the micro drill breakage monitoring method the authors carried out experimental measurements varying the cutting conditions, too.
American Audiovisual Propaganda in France, 1948–1955

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In the wake of research in the area of politics and economics, research in cultural diplomacy offers new perspectives to historians of the Cold War. It reveals the conflict's psychological dimension, which stems from ideological stratagems organized by the two protagonists, the United States and the Soviet Union. Both countries sought to disseminate collective social models by making use of forms of mass culture such as film. More so than radio and photography, film offers a representation of society and of life styles that feeds forms of the social imaginary, dreams, and aspirations. Because of these stratagems' institutional character, they are meant to be obvious to the man in the street as well as to leaders, leading both to define themselves in relation to them. Thus, the activities of American cultural policy toward France are of particular interest. France was considered to be the "keystone" of Western Europe, and for the East as well as the West it represented an important part of what was at stake politically as well as economically.KeywordsCultural RelationCultural PolicyEducational ExchangeDocumentary FilmCultural AffairThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Hepatocellular carcinoma with polymyositis as an initial symptom: a case report.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Patients with hepatocellular carcinoma may manifest paraneoplastic syndromes such as hypercholesterolaemia, hypoglycaemia, hypercalcaemia and erythrocytosis. An exceptional case of hepatocellular carcinoma associated with polymyositis, a rheumatic paraneoplastic syndrome, is reported. A 72-year-old male complained for a recent muscular weakness mainly in the proximal limb muscles. The clinical course, a raised level of serum creatine kinase and electromyographic findings suggested polymyositis, and the pathological findings on muscle biopsy were compatible with this diagnosis. Computed tomography of the upper abdomen revealed a mass lesion in segment IV, V and VII of the liver, and alpha foetoprotein level was high, resulting in the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma.
New perspective to develop memantine orally disintegrating tablet formulations: SeDeM expert system

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Nowadays pharmaceutical industries and regulatory authorities suggest new approaches such as Quality by Design principles to reduce experiments of formulation studies, improve product quality, save cost and time. SeDeM Expert System is a predictive approach for the preformulation studies and it provides information about suitability of API for direct compression by evaluating 12 parameters. The system also allows selecting appropriate excipients by determining same parameters to improve compressibility of API. The objective of this study was to develop direct compressed memantine orally disintegrating tablets using SeDeM Expert System. Memantine was found to have poor flow and compressibility properties. Three different direct compressibility and super disintegrating agents (Ludiflash®, Ludipress® and Parteck®) were used to improve compressibility of memantine and according to SeDeM diagrams, Parteck® was selected for final formulation. Memantine direct compressed tablets showed proper friability, hardness and thickness. The disintegration time of the tables were found below 15 s which was suitable for ODTs. It was found that SeDeM Expert System was easy to use and application of this method provided to develop memantine direct compressed ODT formulation was successful.
Interview with Vladimir Solonari, November 4, 2008

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Interview Themes Solonari?s family history and its influence on his work (00:53) Good research habits (05:39) Significant events of Solonari?s lifetime and how they influenced his work (08:45) Complexity as an outcome of historical research (14:06) Stress on argument in American scholarship (17:03) Importance of area studies and defining our area (20:08) Solonari?s reflections on being a politician in Moldova during the 1990s (24:45) Future of Moldova (29:55) Crossing the boundary between East-Central European and Russian/Soviet history (33:42) Possibilities of integrating East-Central European history into a broader European framework (37:38) Most interesting directions in the field of Russian/Soviet history (40:40)
Antimicrobial prophylaxis in adults and children undergoing hematopoietic cell transplantation: 2021 Polish recommendations

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Infections are still a major reason of morbidity and one of the most common causes of death after hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). Antimicrobial prophylaxis plays a crucial role in decreasing non-relapse mortality after HCT. The objective of this guideline paper is presentation of current recommendations of antimicrobial prophylaxis for children and adults after hematopoietic cell transplantation, prepared in cooperation of Polish scientific hematological societies. Recommendations were prepared by the working group and finally approved by all 23 Polish transplant centers for children and adults. Existing ECIL (European Conference on Infections in Leukemia) and EBMT (European Society of Blood and Marrow Transplantation) guidelines, as well as results of survey performed among all Polish transplant centers, were the background material for working group. Recommendations are presented in sections dedicated to antibacterial prophylaxis, antifungal prophylaxis, antiviral prophylaxis, as well as prophylaxis of toxoplasmosis and infections with Pneumocystis jiroveci. Recommendations on principles of vaccination against COVID-19 are provided based on the state of knowledge in September 2021. A section on guidelines of environmental prophylaxis is also presented.
Higher differentiability for the fractional p-Laplacian

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Abstract In this work, we study the higher differentiability of solutions to the inhomogeneous fractional p -Laplace equation under different regularity assumptions on the data. In the superquadratic case, we extend and sharpen several previous results, while in the subquadratic regime our results constitute completely novel developments even in the homogeneous case. In particular, in the local limit our results are consistent with well-known higher differentiability results for the standard inhomogeneous p -Laplace equation. All of our main results remain valid in the vectorial context of fractional p -Laplace systems.
Estimation of stress–strength reliability based on censored data and its evaluation for coating processes

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, the classical and Bayesian estimation procedures for stress–strength reliability parameter (SSRP) have been considered based on two independent adaptive Type II progressive hybrid censored samples from inverted exponentiated Rayleigh distributions with different shape parameters. The maximum likelihood estimate of SSRP and its asymptotic confidence interval are attained. The Bayes estimate of SSRP is obtained under two loss functions using the Lindley's approximation and Metropolis–Hastings algorithm. The highest posterior density credible interval is successively constructed. The behavior of suggested estimators is assessed using a simulation study. Finally, the droplet splashing data under two surface wettabilities are considered to illustrate the application of the stress–strength reliability model to the engineering data.
The Cell Surface Protein Geneecm33+Is a Target of the Two Transcription Factors Atf1 and Mbx1 and Negatively Regulates Pmk1 MAPK Cell Integrity Signaling in Fission Yeast

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The highly conserved fission yeast Pmk1 MAPK pathway plays a key role in cell integrity by regulating Atf1, which belongs to the ATF/cAMP-responsive element-binding (CREB) protein family. We identified and characterized ecm33 + , which encodes a glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored cell surface protein as a transcriptional target of Pmk1 and Atf1. We demonstrated that the gene expression of Ecm33 is regulated by two transcription factors Atf1 and a MADS-box-type transcription factor Mbx1. We identified a putative ATF/CREB-binding site and an RLM1-binding site in the ecm33 + promoter region and monitored the transcriptional activity of Atf1 or Mbx1 in living cells using a destabilized luciferase reporter gene fused to three tandem repeats of the CRE and six tandem repeats of the Rlm1-binding sequence, respectively. These reporter genes reflect the activation of the Pmk1 pathway by various stimuli, thereby enabling the real-time monitoring of the Pmk1 cell integrity pathway. Notably, the Δecm33 cells displayed hyperactivation of the Pmk1 signaling together with hypersensitivity to Ca 2+ and an abnormal morphology, which were almost abolished by simultaneous deletion of the components of the Rho2/Pck2/Pmk1 pathway. Our results suggest that Ecm33 is involved in the negative feedback regulation of Pmk1 cell integrity signaling and is linked to cellular Ca 2+ signaling.
Influence of anti-rheumatic drugs on the activity of collagenolytic cathepsin in hepatic culture.

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

A decrease of the collagenolytic cathepsin activity was found in foetal and adult hepatic slices cultured in vitro with acetylsalicylic acid, phenylbutazone, aminophenazone, indomethacin and naproxen. The most marked decrease was found in slices treated with naproxen and indomethacin. Acetylsalicylic acid produced only a slight diminution of the enzyme activity. Studies on hepatotoxicity indicated that acetylsalicylic acid and phenylbutazone are very toxic drugs, whereas the naproxen toxicity was very low.
Between universal and national ‘social therapy’? Professional interventions by Jewish social workers in British Mandatory Palestine

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article explores the interrelated affinity between social work, nationality and universal humanitarianism through the case study of professional interventions by Jewish social workers in Mandatory Palestine. Given the limited literature on these professionals and the significant contribution of women in particular, it focuses on Siddy Wronsky and other German Jewish immigrants whose pre-immigration international heritage has been relegated to the margins. The article examines the therapeutic theory and practice of this unique group of social workers based on a qualitative analysis of archival texts. Several leitmotifs guiding these women emerge from the documentation of their work: the German-Jewish tradition that represented the past, the Zionist ideology that represented the future, and the encounter with a diverse immigrant population in a new geopolitical reality that represented the present. The findings indicate how, together with the transnational transfer of knowledge from the Jewish community in Germany to that in Palestine, social workers created a new profession inspired by a value system that sought to be simultaneously Zionist and universal. The article contributes to historical knowledge on social work and its ambivalent approach to a nation-building ideology as opposed to a universal commitment, as well as to an understanding of social work's attitudes and techniques in working with immigrants and refugees.
Studi Kasus Konsumsi Suplemen pada Member Fitness Center di

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The purpose of this study to find out how the members of supplements on the fitness center in the city of Yogyakarta. Type a descriptive qualitative research study, the technique of the test through a questionnaire survey. Total sample of 30 people with accidental sampling technique. The results showed that: 1) the characteristics of the majority of member fitness aged 20-29 years (73.7%), is still active as a student (56.7%), and by 6.7% as a housewife. 2) respondents have a grasp on the definition of supplements (86.6%), which is derived from advertising, print media, electronic media (63.3%) in the form of amino, high milk protein and creatine (66.6%). 3) the majority of respondents use tablets (70%), obtained from the purchase (96.7%), consumed 1-3 times / day (always) of (83.3%) to increase the muscle mass of (59.9%). 4) the majority of respondents (73.3%) increased his stamina and health after taking the supplement. Conclusions: 1) should be someone over the age of 30 years and mother housewife improve motion activity, 2) the principles of exercise should be increased in line with the benefits of supplements for stamina and health.
Enhanced Tumor Formation in Mice Heterozygous for Blm Mutation

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Persons with the autosomal recessive disorder Bloom syndrome are predisposed to cancers of many types due to loss-of-function mutations in the BLM gene, which encodes a recQ-like helicase. Here we show that mice heterozygous for a targeted null mutation of Blm , the murine homolog of BLM , develop lymphoma earlier than wild-type littermates in response to challenge with murine leukemia virus and develop twice the number of intestinal tumors when crossed with mice carrying a mutation in the Apc tumor suppressor. These observations indicate that Blm is a modifier of tumor formation in the mouse and that Blm haploinsufficiency is associated with tumor predisposition, a finding with important implications for cancer risk in humans.
Interpretation of definite expressions by brain damaged patients

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The aim of this study is to investigate whether there are differences in the interpretation of\ndefinite expressions between Broca’s aphasics and patients with a lesion in the right\nhemisphere, compared to non-stroke individuals. To investigate this, research has been carried\nout on whether different hemispheres support bridging and/or deixis, based on the\ninterpretation of definite expressions. This has been tested using a truth value judgment task.\nPatients with an affected Broca’s area and patients with an affected right hemisphere have\nmore problems with the interpretation of definite expression, by bridging and/or deictic use,\ncompared to non-stroke individuals. Based on the obtained results, further examination is\nneeded to receive more results about possible differences in the interpretation of definite\nexpressions between Broca’s aphasics and patients with a lesion in the right hemisphere and\npossible preferences for bridging or the deictic use.