jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
STUDY OF WEAR EVOLUTION FOR A HYDRAULIC OIL

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Time is crucial for the wear of materials. Time of an experiment must be long enough to obtain an observable wear but no so long to make the experiments expensive. For determining anti-wear properties of the hydraulic oils the standard EN ISO 20623:2004 indicates 1 hour under an applied load of 150 N. The Romanian standard STAS 8618_1979 does not specify anything about this. The present paper had analysed the wear evolution for a hydraulic oil, using the four ball tester, in order to determine the optimum duration for such a test. Supplementary, the relation between mean scar diameter and the removed volumes of ball material is analysed.
A Day in the Life: A Daily Diary Examination of Marijuana Motives and Protective Behavioral Strategies Among College Student Marijuana Users

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This study examined marijuana-use motives and protective behavioral strategies (PBS) as within- and between-subject predictors of marijuana-related outcomes. Furthermore, we explored differences between a specific marijuana-related event (i.e., 4/20) compared with typical weekend/weekday use. Forty-three college student marijuana users (31 females) completed daily surveys for 12 days (April 15–April 26, 2016). Four motives (coping, conformity, enhancement, and social) were associated with more negative consequences within-subjects. Enhancement and conformity motives were also associated with a higher number of use sessions, and expansion motives were associated with higher subjective high. Marijuana PBS use (total score) was associated with fewer sessions and lower subjective high within-subjects. Social motives were higher, whereas PBS use and coping motives were lower on 4/20 compared with other days. Our findings support PBS and certain use motives as promising intervention targets for college student marijuana users.
Segmental diastolic compression of circumflex coronary artery secondary to pericardial constriction: an uncommon cause of angina pectoris.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Diastolic segmental compression of a native coronary artery is an uncommon cause of chest pain. Here we describe a 24-year-old woman with constrictive pericarditis who had retrosternal chest pain, progressive dyspnea, tachycardia, and bilateral leg edema. She was diagnosed with compression of the first and second obtuse marginal branches of left circumflex coronary artery secondary to constrictive pericarditis. She underwent pericardiectomy and her symptoms were relieved following surgery.
Comparison of Shaping Properties among 4 Microcatheters—Shapability into Spirals and Shape Consistency

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Objective: Four microcatheters were compared, and the properties of new microcatheters that are designed to be more shapable (Headway 17 and Excelsior XT 17) were evaluated.Case Presentations: After the tips of the catheters were shaped into one, two, and three spiral rounds about 4 mm in diameter, they were allowed to stand in physiologic saline at 37°C, and changes in the shape between immediately after and 10 min after shaping were compared. There was no difference in the shape among the catheters immediately after shaping, but the initial shape was better retained in Headway 17 and XT 17 after 10 min.Conclusion: Headway 17 and XT 17 had higher shape consistency than Excelsior SL 10 and Echelon 10, and better retained their original shape.
Comparison of Alcohol vs Non-Alcohol-Related Cirrhosis: Trends in Hospitalization, Inpatient Mortality, and Cirrhosis-Related Complications in United States from 2002 to 2011

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Alcohol related cirrhosis (AC) with its complications is well documented, while patients with non-alcohol related cirrhosis (NAC) with complications are rising at an alarming rate. The purpose of our study is to compare hospitalization, inpatient mortality and cirrhosis related complication amongst the patients with AC and NAC over decade from 2002 to 2011. Methods: We queried the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) database from 2002 to 2011 to identify patients diagnosed with AC and NAC using ICD-9-CM codes 571.2, 571.5 and 571.6. Patients with missing information on age, gender and inpatient mortality and age < 18 years were excluded. Weighted bivariate analyses were done with Chi-squared and t-test for categorical and continuous data, respectively. Trends for annual proportions and means were tested with the Cochran-Armitage and Cuzick non-parametric test, respectively. Inpatient mortality was analyzed by multivariate binary logistic regression. All statistical tests were performed with a significance level set at 0.05. Results: Total of 4,279,292 hospitalized cirrhosis patients were included, out of which 47% had AC. Mean age of patient with AC was 55 years while 61 years for NAC. NAC was prevalent higher in females compared to AC (49.5% vs. 26.7% p < 0.0001). Concomitant Hepatitis C was seen in 24.7% of patients with AC while Hepatitis B was seen only in 2.4%. Inpatient mortality was significantly higher amongst the AC compared to NAC (8.3% vs. 6.4% OR: 1.20 CI: 1.17-1.22 p < 0.0001). From 2002-2011, hospitalization rate for patients with AC decreased while for NAC increased, hospice discharges increased in both the groups while their inpatient mortality rate decreased as shown in figure 1. Comparison of cirrhosis related complication and disposition are as shown in figure 2. Comparison of trends of cirrhosis related complication are shown in figure 3.Figure 1Figure 2Figure 3Conclusion: From 2002-2011, hospitalization rate of NAC increased while AC decreased. Inpatient mortality was higher among the patient with AC but it decreased in both the group over the study period. Increased incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in NAC compared to AC was observed.
C 4 Grasses Employ Various Strategies to Acclimate Rubisco Activase to Heat Stress.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

C crops such as Zea mays (maize) and Sorghum bicolor (sorghum) are important in both food and bioenergy systems. In these crops, carbon assimilation is limited at high heat by the thermolabile protein rubisco activase (RCA). We present a comparative study of assimilation and RCA function in the C grasses maize, sorghum, and the C model grass Setaria viridis (setaria) during a 48 hour heat stress acclimation. Western blots and biochemical assays show that each species uses a different strategy to acclimate to heat. All grasses shift the predominant ꞵ proteoform of RCA from a 41kD to a 43kD form. In addition, sorghum expresses the ⍺ isoform, while all three grasses transiently increase expression of the ꞵ isoform. The response of RCA to magnesium ions and to ADP is also altered. After heat treatment, maize RCA is more sensitive to inhibition by magnesium but loses sensitivity to ADP. Different cultivars of maize show differences in assimilation and protein expression. Because each grass expressed and regulated RCA differently, we recommend that future study of RCA should examine each grass individually rather than relying on a model organism.
MO Surge Arresters: Stresses and Test Procedures

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Cigré Technical Brochure TB 60 was published in 1991 describing effects on gapless metal oxide surge arresters (MO arresters) from various electrical stresses encountered in 3-phase AC systems. Since then, continued improvements in equipment technologies coupled with the interest of the de-regulated power industry to maximize utilization of the existing infrastructure has revolutionized the MO arrester applications and the expected performances in an environment, characterized by higher stress levels. Today?s proven confidence in the reliability and capability of modern MO arresters offers new possibilities of overvoltage protection and improved management of power system disturbances. The Working Group A3.17 of SC A3 took the task to evaluate the stresses on MO arresters and to review the existing test procedures. Further on, the actual state of MO arrester designs was investigated, as well as the various applications in different types of electrical networks. Emphasis was given to the MO resistors as the active part of the MO arresters. A research project was started to experimentally investigate the energy handling capability of the MO resistors, which is a key design criterion for a reliable arrester application. The resulting Technical Brochure covers and describes the actual MO resistor and arrester technology and the results of the first part of the research project on the energy handling capability of MO resistors. Electrical stresses on MO arresters can be divided into stresses at power frequency, which can have long time durations, and transient stresses of short time duration resulting from switching and lightning. IEC 60071-4 proposes some recommendations for the evaluation of overvoltages, based on the use of numerical programs.
Limb Loss Caused by Thrombosis led to the

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Arterial thrombosis associated with ulcerative colitis usually occurs in the postoperative period with a good response to anti-coagulant therapy and embolectomy. Our patient was a 14-year-old girl with ulcerative colitis who presented with bilateral pul-sless extremities, which did not respond to medical treatment and embolectomy. Subsequent colectomy did not save her limbs. The repeated thrombosis caused gangrene of extremities in the below knee region leading to bilateral amputation. Thrombosis can be the first presentation of ulcerative colitis.
Evaluation of antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of )Echinacea purpurea( extract and identification of extract compounds by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

This study aimed to investigate the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of Echinacea purpurea, which is used as an antiseptic, immune system booster, antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti-poisoning herbaceous plant. Antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, total phenolic compounds and DPPH radical scavenging of the extract were measured. Antimicrobial properties of the extract were assessed using well-diffusion method. The components of the extract were identified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC MS). The data were analyzed using SPSS and Duncan's statistical test. The plant extract showed high level of phenolic compounds. The DPPH radical scavenging of the extract was tested at concentrations of 0.22, 0.25, 0.27, 0.31, 0.35, 0.41, 0.50 g/ml. The concentration of IC50 indicated sufficient inhibitory potential of the extract. The diameter (means ± SD) of the growth inhibition zone for Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Aspergillus niger was estimated at 4.67 ± 1.24, 3.11 ± 0.84 and 1.78 ± 0.89 mm, respectively. Based on well-diffusion assay, S. aureus was found more sensitive than E. coli, and E. coli was more sensitive than A. niger. Using the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, 81.38% of the total extract compounds were identified. Important components of the extract consisted of germacrene D (21.67%), paracetamol (5.53%), Bernoulli (4.58%), respectively. The results showed that Echinacea extract had excellent antioxidant and antimicrobial effects.
Animal model of gluten induced enteropathy in mice.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The aim of our experiments was to produce a local T cell mediated immune response to gliadin in the mouse small intestine as a possible animal model of gluten sensitive enteropathy, coeliac disease. BALB/c and BDF1 mice were immunised systemically with gliadin in complete Freund's adjuvant. The jejunal mucosa was challenged by feeding a gluten containing diet, and villus and crypt lengths, crypt cell production rate, and intraepithelial lymphocyte counts were determined to assess mucosal cell mediated immunity. In some animals permeability and local immunity were modulated by concurrent intestinal anaphylaxis or a graft versus host reaction. There were no changes in the jejunal mucosa of BALB/c mice fed a gluten containing diet after having been parenterally immunized. When, however, mice were parenterally immunised with gliadin, fed a gluten containing diet, rendered hypersensitive to helminth antigen by infection with the nematode parasite Nippostrongylus brasiliensis, and challenged intravenously to produce intestinal anaphylaxis crypt cell production rate was significantly higher than in ovalbumin immunized controls at 12 days after parasite challenge. Finally, graft versus host reaction was induced in BDF1 mice that had been parenterally immunised with gliadin and were on a gluten containing diet. Two weeks later these mice had significantly longer crypts and a higher crypt cell production rate and intraepithelial lymphocyte count than control, unimmunized mice with graft versus host reaction. We conclude that active immunization with gliadin does not in itself produce intestinal cell mediated immunity to gliadin contained in the diet, or enteropathy. Additional factors, such as those occurring during intestinal anaphylaxis (increase intestinal permeability), or during graft versus host reaction (enhanced antigen presentation), seem to be necessary for the full expression of a jejunal mucosal reaction.
Mediating Native Swedish Sign Language: First Language in Gestural Modality Interactions at Storytime

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This qualitative, longitudinal, single-case study analyzes naturalistic interactions in Swedish Sign Language. Multiple interactions took place mainly between a mother and a deaf twin on twelve occasions. The participants’ actions and language structure are examined as the child progressed from ten to forty months of age. The results are presented in three segments: transformations (i.e., types of actions during the sessions); gaze; and structure of utterances. The first segment (when the child was between ten and thirteen months of age) includes mediating utterances that contained a few signs with steady eye contact (i.e., focus on an object with mediating, displaced signing, as from the signer’s perspective). The second segment (when the child was between fifteen and twenty-four months of age) includes flexible eye contact, multiple phrases, and narrative structure. The third segment comprises conversations that include a dynamic visual contact utilizing nonmanual structures. Mediating factors such as simultaneous tactile looking, mediating vision, and mediating triangles, which may be useful for pedagogical purposes, are emphasized.
Geotropic Direction Changing Positional Nystagmus: Canalolithiasis vs Light Cupula (P6.321)

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective:to describe and analyze patients with geotropic direction changing positional nystagmus Background:Horizontal Semicircular Canal (HSC) canalolithiasis is the second most common variant of positional vertigo (5-30[percnt]). The diagnosis maneuver is the head roll test which triggered a positional nystagmus which changes its direction according to the decubitus of the patient. The nystagmus of HSC canalolithiasis is transient and disappears after repetitive examination (fatigability). There is a subgroup of patients with a geotropic response with no latency neither fatigability (persistent geotropic positional nystagmus). Although the exact physipathology is unknown, one possible explanation could be a cupula with lower density than the surrounding endolymph (light cupula theory). Methods:Videoculography (VOG) studies reporting positive head roll test (between January 2014 and January 2015) were analyzed. Other causes of vertigo were ruled out. Those cases with geotropic response were divided according to the characteristics of nystagmus. Results:37 patients (21/16 F/M) with geotropic response were identified, the average age of the population was 68 years old. In 34 patients the duration of nystagmus was less than a minute (average 37 seconds) and in 3 cases nystagmus lasted until the end of registration. We observed absence of latency in all patients with prolonged duration. The onset of symptoms was longer than 3 months in cases with persistent nystagmus. Those patients with exhaustible nystagmus the average duration of the discomfort was 14.7 days. In 2 patients with presence of persistent geotropic nystagmus, a null plane at which the nystagmus disappears Conclusions:- In our subpopulation with possible light cupula syndrome the duration of symptoms was higher than in patients with canalolithiasis. - We consider important to make an exhaustive evaluation of VOG studies with geotropic positional nystagmus responses. We also suggest to search for the null plane in atypical cases, that it will help in defining this syndrome.
Darwinian agriculture: how understanding evolution can improve agriculture

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

List of Illustrations vii Chapter 1 Repaying Darwin's Debt to Agriculture 1 Chapter 2 What Do We Need from Agriculture? 9 Chapter 3 Evolution 101 28 The Power of Natural Selection Chapter 4 Darwinian Agriculture's Three Core Principles 43 Chapter 5 What Won't Work 54 Tradeoff-blind Biotechnology Chapter 6 Selfish Genes, Sophisticated Plants, and Haphazard Ecosystems 76 Chapter 7 What Won't Work 95 Misguided Mimicry of Natural Ecosystems Chapter 8 What Has Worked 120 Improving Cooperation within Species Chapter 9 What Could Work Better 145 Cooperation between Two Species Chapter 10 Stop Evolution Now! 164 Chapter 11 Learning from Plants, Ants, and Ecosystems 177 Chapter 12 Diversity, Bet-hedging, and Selection among Ideas 190 Acknowledgments 217 Glossary 219 References 227 Index 249
The Anasculpture— An Alternative to Visual Perception

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

August 01 2005 The Anasculpture— An Alternative to Visual Perception Leo Contini Leo Contini 98 Yefet Street, Jaffa, Tel Aviv 68171, Israel. E-mail: leocontini@012.net.il. Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Scholar Author and Article Information Leo Contini 98 Yefet Street, Jaffa, Tel Aviv 68171, Israel. E-mail: leocontini@012.net.il. Received: September 13 2004 Online ISSN: 1530-9282 Print ISSN: 0024-094X © 2005 ISAST2005 Leonardo (2005) 38 (4): 275. https://doi.org/10.1162/0024094054761981 Article history Received: September 13 2004 Cite Icon Cite Permissions Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Search Site Citation Leo Contini; The Anasculpture— An Alternative to Visual Perception. Leonardo 2005; 38 (4): 275. doi: https://doi.org/10.1162/0024094054761981 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsLeonardo Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 2005 ISAST2005 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Emulsion PCR Significantly Improves Nonequilibrium Capillary Electrophoresis of Equilibrium Mixtures-Based Aptamer Selection: Allowing for Efficient and Rapid Selection of Aptamer to Unmodified ABH2 Protein

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Nonequilibrium capillary electrophoresis of equilibrium mixtures (NECEEM), a homogeneous approach to select DNA aptamers, is among the most efficient partitioning techniques. In contrast with surface-based systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) approaches, the ability of NECEEM to select aptamers to unmodified proteins in solution is preferable for identifying aptamers for eventual in vivo use. The high stringency and low sample volumes of NECEEM, although generally beneficial, can result in binding of very few aptamers, requiring highly efficient amplification to propagate them. When amplified with standard PCR, detectable library enrichment can fail due to the fast conversion of the aptamers into byproducts and preferential amplification of nonbinders. As an alternative, we proposed the use of emulsion PCR (ePCR), which is known to reduce byproduct formation, as a PCR mode for coupling with NECEEM partitioning. For the first time, we tested the advantages of ePCR in NECEEM-based aptamer selection to a medically relevant DNA repair enzyme, ABH2. We report that the combination of ePCR with NECEEM allowed for the selection of aptamers in the first three rounds of SELEX, while SELEX with conventional PCR failed in a number of attempts. Selected aptamers to an unmodified ABH2 protein have potential use in diagnostics and as leads for anticancer cotherapies, used as enhancements of alkylating agents in chemotherapy.
Lipoprotein fractions in idiopathic hyperlipoproteinaemia.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The purpose of the study was an assessment of the lipid and protein composition of very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) in hyperlipoproteinaemias type IIa, IIb, III and IV. Besides that, cholesterol was determined in low density lipoproteins (LDL) and high density lipoproteins (HDL). Fifty-seven patients with idiopathic hyperlipoproteinaemia and nineteen subjects without lipid metabolism disturbances were studied. The VLDL fraction was obtained by ultracentrifugation of the serum. The LDL and HDL fractions were separated by precipitation. A raised value of the LDL:HDL cholesterol ratio was found in hyperlipoproteinaemias type IIb, III and IV. Positive correlations between the concentrations of lipid and protein components of the VLDL fraction were found in hyperlipoproteinaemias type IIa, IIb, IV and in normolipaemia, which suggests maintained proportions between VLDL components. The high proportion of cholesterol in the VLDL fraction in relation to other components in type III hyperlipoproteinaemia indicates an abnormal composition of this fraction.
Android malware detection through permission and package

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Malicious Android applications are a seriously problem due to the large share of the Android operating system market and also the flexibility of Android. An application should be checked before installing to a phone to avoid the privacy information leak. This paper proposes a static android malware detection method by using not only the permission but also the package of an Android application. The experimental results show the proposed method can detect the malicious software effectively. It suggests that the information provided by the package is useful for detection.