jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
THS Non-linear MHD modelling of Edge Localized Modes and their interaction with Resonant Magnetic Perturbations in rotating plasmas.

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The intensive experimental and theoretical study of Edge Localized Modes (ELMs) and methods for their control has a great importance for ITER [1]. The application of small external Resonant Magnetic Perturbations (RMPs) has been demonstrated to be efficient in ELM suppression/mitigation in present day tokamaks [2]. RMPs are foreseen as one of the promising methods of ELM control in ITER [3]. However in order to make reliable predictions for ITER significant progress is still required in order to understand ELM dynamics and the interaction of ELMs with RMPs. In the present work the dynamics of the full ELM cycle including both the linear and non-linear stages of the crash and the possible explanation of the mechanism of ELM mitigation by RMPs are presented based on the results of the multi-harmonics non-linear resistive MHD modeling using the JOREK code [4]. These simulations are performed in the realistic tokamak geometry with the X-point and the Scrape-Off-Layer (SOL) with relevant plasma flows: toroidal rotation, the bi-fluid diamagnetic effects, and neoclassical poloidal friction, which have recently been included in the model [5]. The introduction of flows in the modelling demonstrated a large number of new features in the physics of ELMs and their interaction with RMPs compared to previous results.
Influence of Admixtures on Performances of EPC Coating

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper studied the influence of CMC, sodium bentonite and white latex addition on the performance of EPC coating under the following conditions: sodium bentonite was used as high-temperature binder of the coating; CMC and white latex were used as low-temperature binder of the coating; right amount of water was added; and viscosity was controlled of 30-35 seconds. The results showed that the coating had good overall performance with 0.2-0.8% CMC addition, 3-9% sodium bentonite addition and 3-7% white latex addition.
Fuzzy Domination Graphs in Decision Support Tasks

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

In decision support tasks, one often has to deal with uncertainty due to fuzzy judgments of the decision maker or the expert. This paper proposes methods that allow you to rank the alternatives based on fuzzy evaluations. This is achieved by using fuzzy weighted summation, fuzzy implication, a computation graph showing the criteria, and a fuzzy dominance graph showing the alternatives. If the criteria have equal importance, then fuzzy graphs corresponding to the dominance of each of the criteria are used. An algorithm that is used for both the transition from fuzzy dominance graphs and the ranking of alternatives is proposed. This algorithm is based on the idea of constructing Kemeny medians or other concordant rankings at a given confidence level in the existence of corresponding arcs. Computational experiments have shown the performance of these approaches. It is reasonable to apply them in problems that require complex expert evaluations with a large number of alternatives and criteria.
Improved Coding over Sets for DNA-Based Data Storage

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Error-correcting codes over sets, with applications to DNA storage, are studied. The DNA-storage channel receives a set of sequences, and produces a corrupted version of the set, including sequence loss, symbol substitution, symbol insertion/deletion, and limited-magnitude errors in symbols. Various parameter regimes are studied. New bounds on code parameters are provided, which improve upon known bounds. New codes are constructed, at times matching the bounds up to lower-or der terms or small constant factors.
Pavania gymnopleuri Hajiqanbar & Khaustov 2010

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Pavania gymnopleuri Hajiqanbar & Khaustov, 2010 This species was described from northeastern Iran, Razawi Khorasan province, phoretic on Gymnopleurus mopsus persianus Reitter (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) (Hajiqanbar & Khaustov 2010). Badoodam (2014) reported it from northern Iran, Golestane province, phoretic on Onthophagus sp. and Gymnopleurus mopsus Pallas (Col.: Scarabaeidae). Material examined. One colony including more than 50 females, Iran, Northwestern Iran, Ardabil province, Meshgin-shahr, Garachi Olia village, 38.41°N, 47.59°E, under the metanotum of Gymnopleurus flagellates (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) collected in dung pads of cow, 22 April 2016, coll. M. Sobhi. Remarks. Association between this mite and beetles Gymnopleurus flagellates is new. Currently, of 21 species of the genus Pavania, 10 species are phoretic on the scarabaeid beetle genera Gymnopleurus, Onthophagus, Copris, Scarabaeus and Euoniticellus (Cross 1965; Sevastianov 1980; Hajiqanbar & Khaustov 2010; Rahiminejad et al. 2011; Loghmani et al. 2013; Bahramian et al. 2015; current study). These mites can be identified using the following key.
De la mosaïque à l'unité : la conscience provinciale en Alsace à la fin du XVIIIe siècle

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

A study of the question of how far there had been — if at all — the constitution, throughout a century, of a province consciousness, of how, in the mentalities, the behaviours, the customs, one passed from the Empire's mosaic to the notion of province, of the way finally in which the province was actually experienced by the diverse elements, crammed together at first into a new political entity, the Province, against the ancient self-interests, deep- rooted traditions, sometimes forced into clandestinity but which, profiting by the ideological up-surge, were all too ready to re-surface. On e has thus to refine the institutional analysis with the help of the results gathered by recent research particularly in the fields of religion, politics, and culture.
Oral Thin Films: A Multi – Faceted Drug Delivery System

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The most popular route of administration is oral route because of low cost and better patient compliance. Tablets and capsules are the most popular dosage forms taken through oral route, but many pediatric & gediatric patients find it difficult to swallow and do not take their medicines as prescribed. To overcome these difficulties, several fast-dissolving oral thin film drug delivery systems are developed. This is convenient and straightforward to use compared to other delivery types like orally disintegrating tablets. When thin film is kept on tongue, it disintegrates and dissolves in very less time without intake of water so it is easy to swallow and most convenient for patients. This review will give the overview of advantages & disadvantages of oral thin film technology, ideal characteristics of drug to be selected, manufacturing processes, novel technologies, polymers used & evaluation of oral thin films.
Canada: Media System

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Canada is the world's second‐largest country by land area, occupying most of the northern part of North America between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, and extending north to the Arctic Ocean. Originally founded as a union of British and former French colonies, Canada became a dominion in 1867 and gained independence from the United Kingdom in 1982. It is a federal constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary democracy comprised of ten provinces and three territories. An officially bilingual nation, nearly 60 per cent of the population have English as a mother tongue, while 23 percent have French. Canada adopted an official policy of multiculturalism in 1988, and its population of nearly 33 million people is composed of no fewer than 34 ethnic groups that number at least 100,000 people. Canada is a technologically advanced and industrialized nation whose diversified economy is heavily reliant on trade with the United States, with which it shares land borders to the south and northwest.
Fermion bound states from Yukawa coupling with periodic bosonic background

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The Yukawa coupling of fermions with a periodic bosonic background is shown to give rise to several bound states to the fermionic spectrum, with some bound states gluing together around specific energy eingenvalues as the Yukawa coupling increases. This effect induces the presence of degenerate energy states inside the fermionic gap and may be of current interest.
State-of-the-Art: AI-Assisted Surrogate Modeling and Optimization for Microwave Filters

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Microwave filters are indispensable passive devices for modern wireless communication systems. Nowadays, electromagnetic (EM) simulation-based design process is a normfor filter designs. Many EM-based design methodologies for microwave filter design have emerged in recent years to achieve efficiency, automation, and customizability. The majority ofEM-based design methods exploit low-cost models (i.e., surrogates) in various forms, and artificial intelligence techniques assist the surrogate modeling and optimization processes. Focusingon surrogate-assisted microwave filter designs, this article first analyzes the characteristic of filter design based on different design objective functions. Then, the state-of-the-art filter design methodologies are reviewed, including surrogate modeling (machine learning) methods and advanced optimization algorithms. Three essential techniques in filter designs are included:1) smart data sampling techniques; 2) advanced surrogate modeling techniques; and 3) advanced optimization methods and frameworks. To achieve success and stability, they have to be tailored or combined together to achieve the specific characteristics of the microwave filters. Finally, new emerging design applications and future trends in the filter design are discussed.
Differentiation of lymphatic endothelial cells from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells with VEGFs.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Although there have been many experimental studies demonstrating that bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have the potential to differentiate into mesenchymal tissues such as osteocytes, chondrocytes, and adipocytes in vivo and in vitro, little information is available regarding their potential to differentiate into lymphatic endothelial cells. Therefore, we chose to investigate differentiation of MSCs into lymphatic endothelial cells using stimulation with members of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGFs) family. Rat MSCs were isolated from bone marrow aspirate of Sprague-Dawley rats as previously described and characterized with flow cytometry for surface markers CD14, CD34, CD29, and CD90. Purified MSCs were plated and cultured in the presence of VEGF-A, VEGF-C, or the combination of both for 10 days. We examined the cells for Prox-1 and LYVE-1 by immunocytochemistry, RT-PCR, and Western blot analysis. Results demonstrated that compared to controls, cell differentiated with VEGF-A, VEGF-C and VEGF-A+VEGF-C expressed Prox-1 and LYVE-1. Our results indicate that MSCs induced by VEGFs are capable of differentiating into lymphatic endothelial-like cells in vitro, and this response has the potential to make them attractive candidates for the development of autologous tissue grafts for future therapy.
Dimers and Trimers of Chondroitin in Molecular Docking of Bovine Testicular Hyaluronidase

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Molecular docking of a 3D model of bovine testicular hyaluronidase was performed with dimers and trimers of chondroitin. On the molecular surface of a hyaluronidase globule, eight sites for ligand binding were established. Sites 6, 3, and 1 of the enzyme structure were found to be the most important sites since chondroitin binding therewith distorts the protein 3D structure. The interactions of enzyme structure with chondroitin ligands are mainly determined by electrostatic forces. For free hyaluronidase molecule (without ligands) at temperatures above 300 K conformational transfers leading to the enzyme inactivation were noted. The inactivation was mainly manifested through irreversible attraction of the protein fragment surrounding the Glu-105 residue and the one between Arg-59 and Arg-96, where a temperature decrease did not induce the restoration of the initial view of 3D structure of the enzyme molecule. Binding of chondroitin ligands to the enzyme structure at positions 6, 3, and 1 increased its denaturation temperature by approximately 10 degrees. The most significant effect of enzyme structure stabilization was provided by chondroitin ligand binding with hyaluronidase at site 6. This effect of protein structure stabilization exceeded the one of chondroitin sulfate trimers against the enzyme inhibition by heparin tetramers, which required binding of four to five chondroitin sulfate ligands on the molecular surface of the enzyme.
Subsequent Antituberculous Treatment May Not Be Mandatory Among Surgically Resected Culture-Negative Pulmonary Granulomas: A Retrospective Nationwide Multicenter Cohort Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Histologic diagnosis of granuloma is often considered clinically equivalent to a definite diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) in endemic areas. Optimal management of surgically resected granulomatous inflammation in lung with negative mycobacterial culture results, however, remains unclear. Methods From 7 medical institutions in northern, middle, and southern Taiwan between January 2010 and December 2018, patients whose surgically resected pulmonary nodule(s) had histological features suggestive of TB but negative microbiological study results and who received no subsequent anti-TB treatment were identified retrospectively. All patients were followed up for 2 years until death or active TB disease was diagnosed. Results A total of 116 patients were enrolled during the study period. Among them, 61 patients (52.6%) were clinically asymptomatic, and 36 (31.0%) patients were immunocompromised. Solitary pulmonary nodule accounted for 44 (39.6%) of all cases. The lung nodules were removed by wedge resection in 95 (81.9%), lobectomy in 17 (14.7%), and segmentectomy in 4 (3.4%) patients. The most common histological feature was granulomatous inflammation (n=116 [100%]), followed by caseous necrosis (n=39 [33.6%]). During follow-up (218.4 patient-years), none of the patients developed active TB. Conclusions In patients with surgically resected culture-negative pulmonary granulomas, the incidence rate of subsequent active TB is low. Watchful monitoring along with regular clinical, radiological, and microbiological follow-up, instead of routine anti-TB treatment, may also be a reasonable option.
Comparative of the cytogenetic characteristics of Pantholops hodgsonii and other three species in Bovidae

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The ear tissues of four bovidae species Pantholops hodgsonii,Capra hircus,Ovis aries and Bos taurus were collected and cultured in vitro with DMEM / F12 media and the cell lines were established.The cell morphologies,growth curves,apoptosis and karyotypes were investigated.The results showed that fibroblast cells from the four different species could be cultured and purified by the combination of differential attachment protocol and digestion elimination methods.The cells had consistent morphology and kept stable vitality.The cell morphologies and growth curves were with not different among the four different species' cells.The population doubling times(PDT) of Pantholops hodgsonii,Capra hircus,Ovis aries and Bos taurus were 26 h,22 h,23 h and 22 h,respectively.The cell apoptosis rates were 5.5%,2.7%,8.6% and 1.5%,respectively,when assayed by the flow cytometry.The chromosome number of Pantholops hodgsonii,Capra hircus,Ovis aries and Bos taurus are 60,60,54 and 60 respectively.Karyotype analyses showed that Ovis aries have 6 metacentric chromosomes,and those of all of the other species are telocentric type except the bovine X chromosomes are metacentric.These results indicated that the cell growth characteristics of Pantholops hodgsonii had obvious differences when compared to the other Bovidae species.Our research provides a basis to study the molecular mechanisms of Pantholops hodgsonii adaptation to hypoxia.
Mayfly Taylor Optimisation-Based Scheduling Algorithm with Deep Reinforcement Learning for Dynamic Scheduling in Fog-Cloud Computing

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Fog computing domain plays a prominent role in supporting time-delicate applications, which are associated with smart Internet of Things (IoT) services, like smart healthcare and smart city. However, cloud computing is a capable standard for IoT in data processing owing to the high latency restriction of the cloud, and it is incapable of satisfying needs for time-sensitive applications. The resource provisioning and allocation process in fog-cloud structure considers dynamic alternations in user necessities, and also restricted access resources in fog devices are more challenging. The global adoption of IoT-driven applications has led to the rise of fog computing structure, which permits perfect connection for mobile edge and cloud resources. The effectual scheduling of application tasks in fog environments is a challenging task because of resource heterogeneity, stochastic behaviours, network hierarchy, controlled resource abilities, and mobility elements in IoT. The deadline is the most significant challenge in the fog computing structure due to the dynamic variations in user requirement parameters. In this paper, Mayfly Taylor Optimisation Algorithm (MTOA) is developed for dynamic scheduling in the fog-cloud computing model. The developed MTOA-based Deep Q-Network (DQN) showed better performance with energy consumption, service level agreement (SLA), and computation cost of 0.0162, 0.0114, and 0.0855, respectively.
Amyloid and Tau Predominance Subtyping Identifies CI Patients With Different Clinical Phenotypes

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract Background The ATN classification system assumes a sequential model of disease progression. However, there are groups of individuals in the same ATN category that exhibit a predominance of abnormality (higher burden) of one of the biomarkers, creating heterogeneous ATN groups regarding pathological predominance. Thus, we tested the hypothesis that individuals clustered by ATN biomarker abnormality predominance may offer an alternative to groups defined using biomarkers cut‐offs. Method We assessed 103 cognitively impaired individuals(CDR> = 0.5) from the TRIAD cohort with available measures of plasma phosphorylated tau‐181, brain MRI, amyloid PET, and tau PET. We used the K‐means algorithm to stratify participants into three clusters. We compared the clusters on composite measures of memory, executive functioning, language, and visuospatial processing. To examine the utility of the discovered clusters, we compared them to traditional ATN categories in the prediction of neuropsychological measures. We did so by creating three categories: patients positive on all three ATN biomarkers, patients positive on two of the three biomarkers, and patients positive on either one or none. Additionally, we created an inflammation, amyloid and tau deposition probabilistic map anchored on young controls(n = 51, mean age = 23.74). Results We uncovered 3 clusters: an amyloid predominant (AP) cluster, a tau/phosphor‐tau predominant cluster (TP), and a cluster showing no predominance with low levels on all biomarkers (CN) (figure 1) . Notably, levels of neurodegeneration and inflammation were similar between the AP and TP clusters. The AP cluster significantly differed from the CN cluster in memory only. Participants in the TP cluster had significantly lower scores in memory, executive functioning, language, and visuospatial processing than the other two clusters. In comparison, using threshold‐based ATN groups showed milder differences in memory and executive functioning, and no differences in language and visuospatial processing (figure 2) . Furthermore, cluster membership moderated the relationship between various biomarkers, to the point of reversing the direction of correlation (figure 3) . Conclusion Our results highlight the biological heterogeneity present within the Alzheimer’s disease continuum and that the pathological predominance of amyloid and tau is associated with different disease phenotypes. Approaching dementia patients with an eye on the predominance of pathology rather than cutoffs for abnormality may provide a better understanding of AD pathological subtypes.
Properties and biosynthesis of a neurotoxic protein of the venoms of sea snakes Laticauda laticaudata and Laticauda colubrina

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

1. A neurotoxic protein similar to erabutoxins a and b of Laticauda semifasciata was isolated in crystalline form from the venoms of Laticauda laticaudata and Laticauda colubrina. The name ‘laticotoxin a’ is proposed. 2. Laticotoxin a is homogeneous by CM-cellulose column chromatography, disc electrophoresis and ultracentrifugation and by terminal amino acid analyses. 3. Laticotoxin a consists of 62 amino acid residues. The molecular weight by ultracentrifuging is 6520. 4. The minimal 50% lethal dose of laticotoxin a by intramuscular injection to mice is 0·13μg./g. body wt. The toxin attacks the postsynaptic membrane, competing with acetylcholine. 5. Radioactive amino acids are incorporated into laticotoxin a in vivo. The incorporation is inhibited by puromycin, suggesting that the biosynthesis of the toxin follows the mechanism of protein biosynthesis, although the toxin molecule is rather small as a protein.
ARTICLE IN PRESS doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2005.05.019 J. Mol. Biol. (xxxx) xx, 1–14 Mariner Mos1 Transposase Dimerizes Prior to ITR Binding

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

*Corresponding authors The mariner Mos1 synaptic complex consists of a tetramer of transposase molecules that bring together the two ends of the element. Such an assembly requires at least two kinds of protein–protein interfaces. The first is involved in “cis ” dimerization, and consists of transposase molecules bound side-by-side on a single DNA molecule. The second, which is involved in “trans ” dimerization, consists of transposase molecules bound to two different DNA molecules. Here, we used biochemical and genetic methods to enhance the definition of the regions involved in cis and trans-dimerization in the mariner Mos1 transposase. The cis and trans-dimerization interfaces were both found within the first 143 amino acid residues of the protein. The cis-dimerization activity was mainly contained in amino acids 1–20. The region spanning from amino acid residues 116–143, and containing the WVPHEL motif, was involved in the cis- totrans-shift as well as in trans-dimerization stabilization. Although the transposase exists mainly as a monomer in solution, we provide evidence that the transposase cis-dimer is the active species in inverted terminal repeat (ITR) binding. We also observed that the catalytic domain of the mariner Mos1 transposase modulates efficient transposase– transposase interactions in the absence of the transposon ends.