jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Relationship between Circle of Willis Variations and Cerebral or Cervical Arteries Stenosis Investigated by Computer Tomography Angiography and Multitask Convolutional Neural Network

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Circle of Willis (CoW) is the most critical collateral pathway that supports the redistribution of blood supply in the brain. The variation of CoW is closely correlated with cerebral hemodynamic and cerebral vessel-related diseases. But what is responsible for CoW variation remains unclear. Moreover, the visual evaluation for CoW variation is highly time-consuming. In the present study, based on the computer tomography angiography (CTA) dataset from 255 patients, the correlation between the CoW variations with age, gender, and cerebral or cervical artery stenosis was investigated. A multitask convolutional neural network (CNN) was used to segment cerebral arteries automatically. The results showed the prevalence of variation of the anterior communicating artery (Aco) was higher in the normal senior group than in the normal young group and in females than in males. The changes in the prevalence of variations of individual segments were not demonstrated in the population with stenosis of the afferent and efferent arteries, so the critical factors for variation are related to genetic or physiological factors rather than pathological lesions. Using the multitask CNN model, complete cerebral and cervical arteries could be segmented and reconstructed in 120 seconds, and an average Dice coefficient of 78.2% was achieved. The segmentation accuracy for precommunicating part of anterior cerebral artery and posterior cerebral artery, the posterior communicating arteries, and Aco in CoW was 100%, 99.2%, 94%, and 69%, respectively. Artificial intelligence (AI) can be considered as an adjunct tool for detecting the CoW, particularly related to reducing workload and improving the accuracy of the visual evaluation. The study will serve as a basis for the following research to determine an individual’s risk of stroke with the aid of AI.
Morphological and Dimensional Comparison of Functioning Blebs Following PRESERFLO-Microshunt and XEN-Gel-Stent, a Study Using Anterior Segment OCT

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background: Evaluation of bleb morphology is a vital part of successful filtration glaucoma surgery. The PRESERFLO-MicroShunt (PRESERFLO) and the XEN-Gel-Stent (XEN) are drainage devices which are implanted through different surgical approaches (ab-externo versus ab-interno, respectively). This might result in different bleb morphology. Studying these morphological differences is important in leading post-operative care. Methods: Functioning blebs following implantation of PRESERFLO and XEN were retrospectively included and examined using high resolution anterior segment OCT. A qualitative assessment using the Jenaer Bleb Grading System and quantitative assessment by measuring 12 parameters representing bleb dimensions were performed. Results were compared between both groups. Results: Included were 80 eyes of 80 patients (41 after PRESERFLO, 39 after XEN). Functioning blebs following PRESERFLO showed higher frequency of hyperreflective tenon changes compared to XEN (31.7% VS 10.3% respectively, p = 0.02) and lower frequency of cavernous changes (17.1%VS 35.9%, p = 0.05) along with higher frequency of visible episcleral lake (92.7% VS 30.8%, p < 0.001). Blebs after PRESERFLO showed larger height (2.13 ± 0.5 VS 1.85 ± 0.6mm, p = 0.03), width (10.31 ± 2.3 VS 9.1 ± 2.3mm, p = 0.02), length (9.13 ± 1.8 VS 8.24 ± 1.9mm, p = 0.04), were located more posterior to limbus (6.21 ± 1.2 VS 5.21 ± 1.8mm, p = 0.005) and showed a thicker bleb wall (1.60 ± 0.5 VS 1.1 ± 0.4mm, p = 0.004). Conclusions: Functioning blebs after PRESERFLO and XEN are morphologically different. Main reasons might be the different surgical techniques (ab-externo versus ab-interno) and different dimensions of stents. These morphological differences should be considered when evaluating blebs as this might affect judgement of bleb functionality and thus on the decision when and how to intervene in the post-operative phase.
Transition between two sections in a linear induction launcher (LIL)

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In the linear induction launcher (LIL), the barrel is divided into sections, and each one is energized in polyphase fashion by discharging a capacitor bank through the drive coils. The capacitor voltages and the frequency of the currents in the drive coils progressively increase along the barrel, from breech to muzzle. In this paper, the transition between the sections of a two-section launcher, designed for a muzzle velocity of 500 m/s, is investigated with the aid of a computer simulation, previously validated. It is shown that the velocity is relatively insensitive to the location of the projectile at the transition when the second section is energized; i.e., it is insensitive to the time of energization. Also, the transitions between sections of a multi-section 2 km/s launcher, where the frequencies are much higher, are studied with respect to their influence on overall performance. Here again it is shown that the muzzle velocity is insensitive to the firing times of the individual sections, and to several other changes in the operating conditions of the launcher.< >
Density of photosynthetically active photons and its influence on the physiological aspects of Alternanthera brasiliana

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT The photosynthetically active photon flux density plays a crucial role in regulating the photosynthetic performance and physiological processes of plants. However, its influence on the physiological aspects of Alternanthera brasiliana is not yet well understood. In this perspective, this study aimed to investigate the effects of different photon flux densities on gas exchange and chlorophyll a fluorescence and to identify the PPFD that promotes greater CO2 assimilation and increased electron transport rate in A. brasiliana. The experimental design was completely randomized, with six replications. The treatments consisted of photosynthetically active photon flux densities (0, 25, 50, 75, 100, 125, 150, 175, 200, 400, 600, 800, 1,000, 1,200, 1,400, 1,600, 1,800, and 2,000 μmol m-2 s-1) evaluated at three times of the day (8:00 a.m., 12:00 p.m. and 4:00 p.m.). The physiological processes of A. brasiliana exhibited significant variations in response to photon flux density and environmental conditions throughout the day. An increase in PPFD to 2,000 µmol m–² s–¹, observed at 8 a.m., resulted in the maximization of gas exchange and chlorophyll a fluorescence variables. At 12 p.m., a period characterized by the highest temperature (35.01 °C) and lowest relative humidity (44.95%), a PPFD of 1,800 µmol m–² s–¹ promoted higher CO2 assimilation and an increase in the electron transport rate. These findings highlight the crucial role of photon flux density in regulating the physiological processes of the species.
The Study and Application of Film Coated Pellets in the Preparation of Pharmaceutics

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

In this paper,the development and application of film coated pellets were reviewed.Pellets,as one of the multiple-unit drug delivery systems,are characteristic of their numerous advantages.By combining the technique of pellets manufacturing with film coating,the film coated pellets with the unique drug release properties have been developed and become the most popular direction in the field of sustained and controlled release preparations.
Use of desflurane in neurosurgery: Cons

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Desflurane is being projected nowadays as inhalational agent of choice in the repertoire of the modern day anaesthesiologists. Refinement of its pharmacologic properties from its predecessors has attracted the attention of clinicians towards this novel agent. However, within the realms of neurosurgical anaesthesiology, the widespread use of desflurane today should be, at best viewed with a bit of caution. Although a sizeable number of advantages of using desflurane exist, anaesthesiologists dealing with neurosurgical patients should be cognizant of its drawbacks.
Making of basic circuits on PCBs for the implementation of controllers for switching power converters

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The aim of this project is to implement a switching power converter system using some basic building blocks. The student is required to make the necessary circuits (the building blocks) for the implementation of controllers on PCBs. The circuits include the drivers for the switching devices, sensors, circuits for carrying out some basic mathematical functions, and switching function. The final converter system will be built, and its performance evaluated. Students who are good in hardware are encouraged to take up this hardware-based project.
Undetected lktA genes within Fusobacterium necrophorum?

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Microbiology Society journals contain high-quality research papers and topical review articles. We are a not-for-profit publisher and we support and invest in the microbiology community, to the benefit of everyone. This supports our principal goal to develop, expand and strengthen the networks available to our members so that they can generate new knowledge about microbes and ensure that it is shared with other communities.
EEG emotion Enhancement using Task-specific Domain Adversarial Neural Network

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Electroencephalogram (EEG) signal has been widely applied in detecting human emotion. Individual differences limit the generalization in cross-subject classification since the release of emotion will be definitely different across persons even with the same emotion stimuli. Previous research utilizes domain adaptation to solve this problem in a leave-one-subject-out training that is learning common emotion-related features from many subjects and testing on a new subject, which requires abundant labeled data. This paper proposed a novel one-to-one domain adaptation method, the Task-specific Domain Adversarial Neural Network (T-DANN) which transfers knowledge from either one subject to predict on another subject or knowledge from one phase to predict on another phase within the same subject. Therefore, T-DANN is more flexible and requires much less data during training. T-DANN is an adversarial training method which adapts the conditional distribution between domains and adapts classification boundaries between classes simultaneously. Compared with data from different subjects, phase data from the same subject has much deeper correlation thus enhances the prediction of emotion in new phase. We evaluated our method on EEG emotion benchmark dataset SEED. The experiments showed that our proposed method outperformed other baseline methods in cross-subject adaptation. By cross-phase adaptation, our method achieved accuracy that approximately 3% lower than the state-of-the-art method but only used 1/14 labeled data, indicating the priority of our proposed method in real-time application.
USE OF COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY AT THE STAGES OF DIAGNOSIS AND PLANNING ORTHOPEDIC TREATMENT BASED ON ENDOSSEAL IMPLANTS

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

This study explores the integration of computer technology in the stages of diagnosis and planning orthopedic treatment, specifically focusing on endosseal implants. With the rapid advancements in computer-aided design (CAD), computer-aided manufacturing (CAM), and three-dimensional (3D) imaging technologies, orthopedic specialists are leveraging these tools to enhance the precision and efficacy of diagnosing and planning treatments involving endosseal implants. The utilization of computer technology facilitates a comprehensive understanding of patient anatomy, enables virtual simulations for surgical planning, and ensures personalized implant design. This paper reviews the current state of computer technology in orthopedics, highlighting its applications in diagnosis and treatment planning. Additionally, it discusses the potential benefits, challenges, and future prospects of incorporating computer technology into orthopedic practices, ultimately contributing to improved patient outcomes and the advancement of orthopedic surgical techniques.
Influences of past agriculture and present environment on plant distributions: Population ecology of three fern species in central New York

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The development of forests on abandoned agricultural lands provides an ideal context to examine the relative roles of disturbance history and environmental conditions in shaping plant communities. Herbaceous plants typical of uncleared forests may remain absent from forests regrowing after agriculture, either because dispersal limits their distributions, or because lasting environmental changes limit their ability to establish and persist. Here I investigate how these processes affect plant distributions across the post-agricultural landscape of central New York, focusing on three fern species. First I review relevant literature on the recolonization of post-agricultural forests by herbaceous plants. Next, in 20 adjacent pairs of forests that were never cleared for agriculture and forests that established 85-100 years ago on plowed fields, I assess the influence of past agriculture on present environmental conditions, including tree community structure and composition, soil physical and chemical properties and light availability. Compared to soils of adjacent uncleared stands, post-agricultural forest soils were similar in physical properties and chemical properties associated with pH, but had less organic matter, carbon and phosphorus, and reduced spatial heterogeneity in pH and water content. I examine how individual species interact with post-agricultural habitats by comparing the demography of three fern species with contrasting distributions across forests of different history, Dryopteris carthusiana, Dryopteris intermedia, and Polystichum acrostichoides, using descriptive and experimental approaches to specify which life history stages limit colonization, and which traits explain the species? distributions. Among the three species and between forests types, I compare the size and fecundity of adult plants; the deposition and storage of spores; the reproductive success and selfing ability of gametophytes; rates of germination and establishment in various microsites; and the distribution of juvenile plants across these microsites. As adult plants of all three species had similar or greater performance in post-agricultural forests, and spore availability far exceeded recruitment rates, the availability of suitable sites for establishment appeared to limit population growth and spread. In both field and laboratory experiments, the species? reproductive success and selfing ability matched their distributions, suggesting that selfing may facilitate colonization in these species, and their reproductive biology may determine their distributions.
ERIC ED537963: Ironworker: Apprenticeship Course Outline. Apprenticeship and Industry Training. 40-0-06.2

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

The graduate of the Ironworker apprenticeship program is a certified journeyperson who will be able to: (1) responsibly do all work tasks expected of a journeyperson; (2) supervise, train and coach apprentices; (3) demonstrate the principles of drafting, how drawings originate and how to correctly interpret the information given--the use of each type and the related work orders, materials, lists, etc.; (4) comply with all applicable Codes and Regulations with reference to materials, its uses and safety; (5) identify structural shapes, ropes, wire and fibre as it relates to structural and ornamental components; (6) demonstrate the placement of pre-cast concrete and concrete reinforcement materials to an acceptable level of workmanship; (7) use hand tools and powered equipment in a proper and safe manner; (8) perform a satisfactory operation with oxy-fuel or electric arc welding equipment in order to facilitate this work; (9) co-ordinate iron work with other trades on the job site; and (10) perform assigned tasks in accordance with quality and production standards required by industry. Requirements for certification--including the content and delivery of technical training--are developed and updated by the Alberta Apprenticeship and Industry Training Board on the recommendation of Ironworker Provincial Apprenticeship Committee. This course outline contains the following sections: (1) First Period Technical Training; (2) Second Period Technical Training; (3) Third Period Technical Training; and (4) Fourth Period Technical Training.
Artificial Intelligence and Robotics for Reducing Waste in the Food Supply Chain: Systematic Literature Review, Theoretical Framework, and Research Agenda

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The COVID-19 pandemic has unraveled the inefficiencies in the global food supply chain. One glaring distortion is the wastage of close to a third of global food production, in the face of widespread food insecurity. With population explosion and climate change as additional pressure points, reducing food waste has emerged as an urgent imperative for achieving food security for all. In this paper, we develop a research framework and agenda for the use of Artificial Intelligence and robotics in reducing food loss and waste. The Cognitive Automation for Food (COGAF) has been developed as a theoretical framework for guiding future research. This framework delineates the research landscape into five distinct research streams: sensory enhancement, cognitive automation, physical automation, sensory-motor fusion, and collaborative automation. In order to develop a systematic research agenda, propositions have been developed in each of these research streams. In conjunction with the COGAF framework, this research agenda attempts to provide a road map for future research and knowledge creation pertaining to the use of AI and robotics to reduce food loss and waste.
Idealized operation of third-harmonic-peaking class-EF power amplifier with extended maximum operating frequency

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A new variant of Class-EF power amplifier (PA), the so-called third-harmonic-peaking Class-EF, is presented. It inherits a soft-switching operation from the Class-E PA and a low peak switch voltage from the Class-F PA. More importantly, the new topology allows operations at higher frequencies and permits deployment of large transistors which is normally prohibited since they are always accompanied with high output capacitances. Using a simple transmission-line load network, the PA is synthesized to satisfy Class-EF impedances at fundamental frequency, third harmonic, and all even harmonics as well as to simultaneously provide an impedance matching to 50-Ω load.
A tool to predict post-transcriptional instability related to the dysregulation of the SETD2 histone methyltransferase in renal cell carcinoma (RCC).

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

11072 Background: Recent studies report that dysregulation of the SETD2 histone methyltransferase in (RCC) decreases global histone 3 lysine 36 trimethylation (H3K36me3), resulting in mis-regulation of alternative splicing of associated exons. It remains unclear how disruptions of chromatin-based modifications contribute to tumorigenesis and can be leveraged to develop more potent treatment strategies. Methods: We performed ChIP-, RNA-, and exome- sequencing on matched human RCCs (SETD2 wt /mutant), and RCC cell lines. These datasets were used to develop a tool, ChIP-RNA-seqPRO, to identify regions of dysregulated epigenomic modifications and altered transcript splicing present in the tumor, but absent in a normal sample. The tool provides annotations relevant to post-transcriptional processing and known disease associations (e.g. cancer-associated RNA editing sites). In addition, ChIP-RNA-seqPRO calculates a Modification Association Score (MAS) from changes in ChIP-seq peak distribution, transcript splicing, and associated sequence repeats and variations in order to predict post-transcriptional instability that is correlated with the clinically aggressive tumor phenotype and identify novel therapeutic targets. Results: In addition to identifying novel, tumor-unique predicted transcript isoforms and regions of chromatin modification alteration, we have also identified tumor-unique RNA variations shared between samples. Greater than 40% of these sites are known RNA editing sites also identified in other cancers. In addition, gene lists with applied MAScores were analyzed for pathway enrichment. Pathways associated with predicted post-transcriptional instability in SETD2-deficient RCC included regulation of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor (HIF), MAPkinase associated signaling pathways, and the p73 transcription factor network (p-value < 0.05). Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate the utility of our methods in profiling the regulatory association between epigenomic modification and post-transcriptional processing, and offer unprecedented insight into how the instability of these processes drives the progression of RCC.
A New Quantum Radial Wavelet Neural Network Model Applied to Analysis and Classification of EEG Signals

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, a new model of multi-level transfer function radial wavelet neural network using quantum computing is achieved. This model is applied to analyze and classify the electroencephalographic (EEG) signals. The independent component analysis (ICA) is used as processing after normalization of these signals. Some features are extracted from the data using the clustering technique (CT). A new factor that combines the accuracy and the time of classification is suggested to evaluate the performance of the proposed model with other previous models. This factor represents the accuracy to time ratio (ATR). The average accuracy of the proposed quantum radial wavelet neural network (QRWNN) model is 90.5619125 % at 50 minutes. The ATR value is 1.8112, which shows the superiority of the proposed model.
The effect of one-on-one assistance on the compliance with labor regulation. A field experiment in extremely vulnerable settings

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This is the first paper to analyze the effects of intense personal assistance on the compliance with labor regulation, within a population of deeply disadvantaged informal workers, using a field experiment. We randomly assign one-on-one assistance to these workers, and, within this treatment group, we randomly assign money to cover the cost of fulfilling the legal requirements to get a permit to work on the streets. One month after the intervention, we find that a worker who receives one-on-one assistance is three times more likely to comply with the legal documentation required by the government than a worker in the control group. We also find that a worker who receives both one-on-one assistance and cost coverage is four times more likely to comply with the legal requirements. The findings of this study shed light on strategies to help highly vulnerable workers to comply with labor regulations.