jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Infrared Spectra and Structure of the Crystalline Sodium Acetate Complexes of U(VI), Np(VI), Pu(VI), and Am(VI). A Comparison of Metal-Oxygen Bond Distance and Bond Force Constant in this Series

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Infrared spectra of solid NaXO2(Ac)3, with X=U, Np, Pu, and Am, have been observed. From the symmetric and asymmetric stretching frequencies of the O–X–O groups, approximate X–O force constants have been calculated and were found to decrease in the order kU—O&gt;kNp—O&gt;kPu—O&gt; kAm—O, the respective values being about 0.705, 0.698, 0.675, and 0.612 megadyne/cm. From the cell constants for NaXO2(Ac)3 it is apparent that the X–O bond distance decreases in the same order—RU—O&gt;RNp—O&gt;RPu—O&gt;RAm—O. Thus, a decrease in bond distance appears to be accompanied by a decrease in force constant, probably because the bond, though shortened by contraction of the electron shells of the metal, is weakened by interaction with the extra valence shell electrons.
Mathematical Modelling of Segmentation Synthetic Aperture Radar Data for Military Purposes

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Digital image processing is the use of algorithms and mathematical models to process and analyze digital images. The goal of digital image processing is to enhance the quality of images, extract meaningful information from images, and automate image-based tasks. In this contribution we discuss and use mathematical modelling for segmentation of image data. We focus on Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data, which plays an important role in military area. Our own approach brings our own software for segmentation of SAR images. We use discrete mathematical models, graph cut, grab cut and random walker. Our own approach is in implementation of these algorithms and their implementation in programming languages as C, C++, and Python. We provide segmentation of noise images, and we focus on segmentation of paths, roads, objects, rivers etc. We provide segmentation of SAR images. We do preprocess and post processing of data based on requirements of authors. The advantage of our methods is in the better and clearer segmentations with better boundaries. Our solution can also proceed noise data, what is the big problem by SAR data analyses. We deal with SAR data, and we try to segment objects. There are some limitations for processing real image data. We cannot deal with data which has too many lines, or too big distances in shadow colors. Another limitation brings scaling of images and too big and too noisy data.
Business and Development in Myanmar: A Policy Handbook for Private Sector Development

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Myanmar holds considerable promise, for businesses both domestic and foreign, as well as for development practitioners, confident of seeing a rapid transformation in economic conditions and quality of life in general. Nevertheless, while the country has attracted substantial interest from around the world, there are still many gaps in knowledge. In-depth information about the conditions facing the private sector, as well as the perspectives of the various members of the private sector, is still in the process of being uncovered. Against this background, the central purpose of this policy handbook is to provide policymakers, business communities, development organizations, and other interested parties with a thorough overview of the private sector environment in Myanmar today. The publication outlines the challenges faced by businesses in Myanmar, elaborates on the nature of the challenges and why they are significant, and offers a set of recommendations to improve the business environment in order to foster greater development of the private sector, and indeed, the country as a whole. Undeniably, the internal economic conditions and business environment will play a key role in determining the private sector s future. Additionally, however, it is important to note that much of the excitement surrounding Myanmar stems from its 2011 shift towards greater economic openness to the rest of the world. Moreover, the upcoming ASEAN Economic Community 2015 is also likely to have a tremendous impact on the private sector in Myanmar. As a result, this policy handbook puts a sizeable focus on discussing issues affecting trade and investment in goods and services. It is ESCAP s hope that this publication can serve as a reference point for those seeking such information, and that the publication can provide a wide-ranging understanding of the private sector s current situation and how to help provide it with an equally-promising future.
A Dynamic Context-Based Header Compression Algorithm for 6LoWPAN Networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Connecting wireless sensor networks (WSNs) to the Internet using the traditional IPV6 protocol is a significant challenge due to the short frame length of the WSN medium access layer and large IPV6 and UDP headers. Therefore, the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) recently formulated an encoding format (LoWPAN IPHC) to compress the IPV6 header from several bytes to several bits. A context table maps the most frequent Internet address prefixes to context identifiers of several bits, which are used in the packets generated by the border router. However, the design of the context table is not covered by this protocol. This paper proposes a scalable and dynamic algorithm that can manage the context table. Mechanisms for updating and synchronizing its contents through the network are implemented, taking into consideration all limiting factors that affect the dynamic and scalability of the algorithm such as the number of router and leaf nodes. Moreover, the system can operate in static rather than dynamic mode by merely ignoring the limiting factors. Simulation results are provided to show the performance of the proposed algorithm.
In vitro aggregate formation and unusual colony morphology impairing identification of Roseomonas sp. from a septic patient

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Introduction: The Gram-stained morphology of organisms from positive blood culture bottles often suggests diagnoses and therapeutic options. In vitro aggregate formation by the organism in this case led to initial confusion in the diagnosis. Case presentation: A 57-year-old woman with a recent stroke returned to the emergency department with acute exacerbation of her neurological deficit. Although afebrile, she had an elevated white blood cell count. Urine analysis revealed 4+ blood, nitrates, leukocyte esterase and bacteria. Blood and urine cultures were collected and intravenous piperacillin/tazobactam treatment was begun. The urine culture grew >100 000 colonies Escherichia coli ml − 1 ; the antibiotic was changed to ceftriaxone when susceptibilities became available at 48 h. At 61 h, the aerobic blood culture bottle was flagged as positive. A Gram stain revealed spherical structures, which stained predominantly Gram-negative but were Gram-positive in some areas of the smear. Subcultures grew overnight on blood, chocolate and MacConkey agars and on brain–heart infusion (BHI) broth. Growth on MacConkey agar was sparse. A Gram stain of the snow-white, mucoid colonies revealed Gram-negative rods, spherical aggregates and thick-walled tetrads. Subsequent cultures on solid medium grew only Gram-negative rods, but inoculation of isolated colonies from these cultures into BHI broth or negative blood culture bottles caused the thick-walled spheres and tetrads to reappear. Conclusion: MicroScan and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight failed to identify the organism, but 16S rRNA gene sequencing identified it as Roseomonas genomospecies 5 (100 % match). To the best of our knowledge, there are no reports in the literature of aggregate-forming Roseomonas .
A Comparative Study on the Arrangement of Military Judicial Power

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The arrangement of military judicial power is the basic problem of military judicial system construction and theoretical research. The research will help to grasp the deep contradictions and fundamental problems faced by China's military judicial practice, improve the military judicial system with Chinese characteristics, and enhance the ability of military judicial support, Promote the development of military judicial science. In this paper, through the current situation of China's military judicial system, foreign military judicial power and other related issues, the allocation of our military judicial power put forward some ideas.
In vitro micropropagation of rare and endangered moss Entosthodon hungaricus (Funariaceae)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The moss Entosthodon hungaricus (Boros) Loeske is an European endemic species typical of dry and saline soils extending from the Iberian Peninsula to Aral-Caspian steppes, similarly to some other xerothermic bryophytes. However, the distribution range is fragmented and localities are quite scattered and the species is considered as rare and vulnerable because of its ephemeral characteristics and specialized ecology.\nWith the aim to develop an active protection plan for this species, the ex situ conservation requirements of E. hungaricus were developed. The axenic culture in in vitro conditions were established, and the optimal growth parameters were adjusted to achieve fully developed gametophytes ready to be reintroduced to its native range and other potentially native areas, where this species was once reported but has not been collected in recent times, suggesting its local extinction (i.e. some areas in Vojvodina, N. Serbia). Starting materials were derived from recent herbarium specimens and from fresh materials collected from Hungarian populations. Several means for sterilization of stating material and growing nutritive media were assayed in different regimes of light and temperature. \nHere we describe the conditions to achieve full plant development and for its micropropagation. Such materials are adequate for ex situ conservation purposes and for experimental introductions in native and potentially native areas. The first axenical culture of E. hungaricus was successfully established, and the first in vitro micropropagation of this rare and endangered species was achieved. Our study contributes to the conservation biology as well as for the potential use of this moss species in biotechnological research.
Dealing with Uncertainty, Risks, and Tradeoffs in Clinical Decisions

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

To generate hypotheses about how physicians make difficult clinical decisions, we analyzed transcripts of the "thinking aloud" behavior of expert clinicians making a testing or treatment decision with an uncertain diagnosis. We compared the clinicians' reasoning with a decision analysis of the same problem. The experts did not formulate a global outline of their decision, but chained together a sequence of decisions based on available and incomplete information. Despite effective and efficient problem solving, the clinicians used numeric terms only as symbolic representations of likelihood, used limited information in choosing among alternatives, and dismissed the possibility that a less conventional strategy, empiric therapy, might yield equivalent outcome. We describe cognitive problem-solving strategies and knowledge representations that permit persons to make successful decisions despite limited processing resources. The same cognitive procedures probably contribute to observed errors in decision-making under uncertainty.
Promotion of locally published English paperbacks

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The objectives of this research are to obtain a greater insight into the locally published English paperbacks market in Singapore and to analyse the effectiveness of the promotional strategies that were carried out in the local paperback industry. Statistical analyses were conducted on the survey results to test their significance and infer from the findings. The motivation behind this study is to do an in-depth study to determine the reasons that readers were drawn to the books, their reading and purchasing habits, and the effectiveness of the promotional strategies undertaken by publishers and retail bookstores. During the course of the research, primary data were gathered from depth interviews with the experts in the industry and a consumer survey. The secondary data were collected from newspapers, magazines and books. In the analysis of the results, several key findings were identified. The promotional strategies undertaken by both publishers and retail bookstores through the various media were effective. Readers also preferred to purchase local paperbacks from bookstores and depended heavily on word-of-mouth recommendations. It was also inferred that the contents of the book contributed the most to overall satisfaction of readers, while language contributed the least and need to be improved further. Lastly, the report ends with several recommendations that could be implemented to further improve the effectiveness of promotion and increase sales.
Consumers’ Visual Attention and Choice of ‘Sustainable Irrigation’-Labeled Wine: Logo vs. Text

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Growing consumer awareness about the environmental impact of their food purchase decisions means having to create labels that better communicate sustainability aspects. The aim of this study is to explore consumers’ responses to “sustainable irrigation” (SI)-labeled wine. To this end, the effect of two label factors, SI claims (no SI info, logo, and text), and their position (front- vs. back-labels) on consumer choice, reasons for choice, perceived sustainability, and willingness-to-pay is determined. Moreover, we determine, for the first time, for SI claims, the relationship between consumer choice and paid attention. Our results reveal that almost 90% of the 408 consumers participating in this study show an interest in the SI-labeled wines. The main reason for choosing the SI-labeled wines rather than the control (no SI info-label) was the following: ‘I think it’s more environmentally friendly’, with an increase of two points on a nine-point sustainability perception scale. Consumers prefer the logo-label to the text-label, mainly because they find it more attractive, and a close relationship between paid attention and product choice probability is determined. The vast majority of consumers are willing to pay an extra cost of 15% or more for SI-labeled wine vs. the control. These results have relevant implications for the industry because they show that the SI logo is a useful way to draw consumers’ attention to the sustainability of irrigation practices and positively affect their choice. Our findings indicate that this way of differentiating the product in the market can contribute to compensating the economic cost of implanting SI practices.
Magnetic Manipulation of Superparamagnetic Colloids in Droplet-Based Optical Devices

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Magnetically assembled superparamagnetic colloids have been exploited as fluid mixers, swimmers and delivery systems in several microscale applications. The encapsulation of such colloids in droplets may open new opportunities to build magnetically controlled displays and optical components. Here, we study the assembly of superparamagnetic colloids inside droplets under rotating magnetic fields and exploit this phenomenon to create functional optical devices. Colloids are encapsulated in monodisperse droplets produced by microfluidics and magnetically assembled into dynamic two-dimensional clusters. Using an optical microscope equipped with a magnetic control setup, we investigate the effect of the magnetic field strength and rotational frequency on the size, stability and dynamics of 2D colloidal clusters inside droplets. Our results show that cluster size and stability depend on the magnetic forces acting on the structure under the externally imposed field. By rotating the cluster in specific orientations, we illustrate how magnetic fields can be used to control the effective refractive index and the transmission of light through the colloid-laden droplets, thus demonstrating the potential of the encapsulated colloids in optical applications.
Human Factors Considerations in New Nuclear Power Plants: Detailed Analysis.

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) sponsored study has identified human-performance issues in new and advanced nuclear power plants. To identify the issues, current industry developments and trends were evaluated in the areas of reactor technology, instrumentation and control technology, human-system integration technology, and human factors engineering (HFE) methods and tools. The issues were organized into seven high-level HFE topic areas: Role of Personnel and Automation, Staffing and Training, Normal Operations Management, Disturbance and Emergency Management, Maintenance and Change Management, Plant Design and Construction, and HFE Methods and Tools. The issues where then prioritized into four categories using a 'Phenomena Identification and Ranking Table' methodology based on evaluations provided by 14 independent subject matter experts. The subject matter experts were knowledgeable in a variety of disciplines. Vendors, utilities, research organizations and regulators all participated. Twenty issues were categorized into the top priority category. This Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) technical report provides the detailed methodology, issue analysis, and results. A summary of the results of this study can be found in NUREG/CR-6947. The research performed for this project has identified a large number of human-performance issues for new control stations and new nuclear power plant designs. The information gathered in this project can serve as input to the development of a long-term strategy and plan for addressing human performance in these areas through regulatory research. Addressing human-performance issues will provide the technical basis from which regulatory review guidance can be developed to meet these challenges. The availability of this review guidance will help set clear expectations for how the NRC staff will evaluate new designs, reduce regulatory uncertainty, and provide a well-defined path to new nuclear power plant licensing.
Lettuce Root Development and Monitoring System Using Machine Learning in Hydroponics

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Roots of a hydroponically grown lettuce are usually susceptible to waterborne diseases like Pythium disease (root rot). Visual inspection of a plant root is needed in a hydroponic system to determine the health status of the plant. However, removing the plants in its growing environment will stress the plants that can cause stunted growth, and is susceptible to further complications once the roots are exposed outside the environment. Also, studying the development of the lettuce roots on its freshness could help to set standards in determining its shelf life and could lead to a longer life. The project intends to develop an automated root monitoring system for detecting root rot and changing water temperature to avoid extreme heat that damages the root system, affecting the entire plant. The Peltier module was employed to keep the water temperature stable between 18°C – 26°C. If the water temperature exceeds this range, the system will react based on what is best for the plant. The researchers used a camera to monitor the roots across the three grow boxes for the root detecting method. The researchers also implemented image pre-processing, specifically cropping and resizing, to improve image quality in preparation for image processing, and the Decision Tree method for machine learning. The model detected root rot with 91 % accuracy. The system was able to accurately identify and locate roots as well as predict their health status.
VARIABLE CHARGE CHARACTERISTIC OF ANDOSOLS FROM NAVARRE, SPAIN

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Surface charge properties of diverse samples of an Andosol formed in phyllite in Navarre (northern Spain) were investigated by acid-base potentiometric titration in the presence of varying concentration of electrolyte. The results indicate that the horizons have electrochemical properties similar to constant surface potential colloids, in which the surface potential of a reversible double layer is determined solely by the activity of potential determining H+ and OH− ions in the bulk solution. The sign and magnitude of the net charge depended upon the pH and indifferent electrolyte concentration of the ambient solution. The pH values (pHzpc) at which the net surface charge underwent reversal ranged from 4.07 to 5.55. The pH values (pHzpt) of the soil in a salt solution before the addition of either acid or base did not coincide with zpc, and, with one exception (H 3), the zpc was displaced from 1.2 to 4.5 meq/100 g on the acid side from the zero point of titration. From known surface areas and zpc of these samples, the values for the net electric charge calculated by the application of the Stern model of the double layer theory were found to be in good agreement with the experimental results for the electrolyte concentrations 1,0.1, and 0.01 N, by setting φ = 0 and adjusting δ/ε′. It was not possible to obtain similar agreement for the 0.001 N concentration. The added acid and base may participate in the dissolution of the mineral components and thus the titration is not a measure of surface charge only. The influence of that dissolution in the calculated δ/ε′ value was determined. Results indicate that estimating δ/ε′ values would require significant corrections.
Active Keto Gummies Canada Ingredients - [SCAM WARNING 2023] Truth Revealed

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Active Keto Gummies Canada Bears are made utilizing mechanical cannabinoids as well as are sent off from hallucinogenic structures. This supplement is true and furthermore accessible for buy in all US states. Its generally expected use will surely help advance physical and furthermore close to home health. Active Keto Gummies Canada Gummy Cubes can be utilized for expanded expansion without setting off unfavourable impacts.\n\n
APPLICATION OF DNA TECHNOLOGY IN BREEDING PROTEACEOUS PLANTS

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Since the development of a reliable DNA extraction method on ten genera of Proteaceae in 1994 by Maguire et al., considerable progress has been made in the application of DNA technology in breeding proteaceous plants. The research and application can be divided into the following areas: 1) DNA diversity studies for parent selection in breeding programmes, for systematics and for ecological characterisation. The research spins from the evaluation of different marker systems such as RAPD, ISSR, AFLP, SSR and sequences to the fingerprinting of species and cultivars, and identification of true hybrids; 2) characterisation of specific traits/genes for marker assisted selection in breeding. The specific traits studied include sex determination in Leucadendron, drought tolerance in Banksia, allergens, and antibacterial and antifungal traits/genes; 3) development of linkage maps for map-based marker identification and map-based cloning. The first such map in Proteaceae was developed in 2003 in macadamia by Peace et al. and we have recently developed a map in Grevillea with the aim to identify Phytophthora tolerance. Genetic modification has not been used widely in Proteaceae possibly because of limitations of a reliable regeneration system and availability of useful genes.