jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
EF-04 Association of ultraviolet-B radiation and risk of SLE among women in the nurses’ health studies

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background

Ultraviolet-B radiation (UV-B) exposure may lead to worsened photosensitivity, rashes, and systemic flares among SLE patients. Although UV-B radiation damages keratinocytes and may result in production of novel forms of autoantigens, it remains unknown whether UV-B exposure increases the risk of developing SLE. We aimed to examine the association of UV-B exposure with risk of incident SLE in a large prospective cohort of women, examining SLE risk overall and by subtypes defined by presence of anti-Ro/La antibodies (+anti Ro/La) and/or cutaneous manifestations most associated with UV exposure in SLE patients.

Methods

The Nurses' Health Study (NHS) enrolled 121,701 U.S. female nurses in 1976; NHSII enrolled 116,430 in 1989. Biennial questionnaires collected lifestyle, environmental, and medical data. Residential addresses were geocoded. Incident SLE was confirmed by medical record review. National Aeronautics and Space Administration Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer and Ozone Monitoring Instrument gridded remote sensing images scaled to a 1 km spatial resolution predicted average July noon-time erythemal UV-B (mW/m2) annually starting in 1980. Participants without UV-B data at baseline were excluded. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using Cox regression models across tertiles of cohort-specific, time-varying cumulative average UV-B through one cycle prior to SLE onset. We examined SLE risk overall and stratified by presence of anti-Ro/La or cutaneous manifestations (malar rash and/or photosensitivity) at diagnosis through 2014 (NHS) or 2013 (NHSII), controlling for potential confounders. We also conducted a 'lagged' analysis by ending the exposure window two cycles prior to SLE diagnosis, as SLE symptoms may develop insidiously pre-diagnosis.

Results

Mean age at SLE diagnosis was 49.3 (10.4) years among 286 SLE cases in NHS/NHSII. At SLE diagnosis, 13% of women had +anti Ro/La whereas 80% had either +anti Ro/La or at least one cutaneous manifestation. Compared to the lowest tertile of UV-B exposure, risk of overall SLE, SLE with +anti Ro/La, or SLE with photosensitivity in the highest UV-B tertile were increased, but not statistically significant in the main analysis (table 1) or in lagged analyses. However, women in the highest UV-B tertile had statistically significantly increased risks of SLE with malar rash (HR 1.68 [95% CI 1.08 to 2.62]) (table 1), but this was no longer significant in the lagged analysis (HR 1.39 [95% CI 0.92 to 2.10]).

Conclusions

Increasing cumulative UV-B exposure was not associated with risk of developing overall SLE. However, among women at risk for SLE, living in areas with higher UV-B exposure was associated with increased risk of developing SLE presenting with malar rash. Further studies are warranted to determine whether high UV-B exposure may play a role in triggering SLE onset with malar rash.
The Construction Of Commercial Space In Eighteenth-Century İstanbul: The Case Of Büyük Yeni Han

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

There were two important developments in Istanbul at the beginning of the eighteenth century that were to have an effect on the khan-type structures.First, in 1701, Mustafa II (1695-1703) decided that many commercial buildings in the bedestan region would be covered with a vaulted roof structure.With this order, approximately 4000 shops, 2 bedestans, about 20 khans, mosques and other buildings that had partially arched masonry roof, were transformed into one big structure (Topal, 2001; 512).The other is that the Sultan and his court whose de facto residence was in Edirne between 1658 and 1703, returned to Istanbul following the "Edirne Incident" of 1703.New Sultan, Ahmed III (1703-1730) started construction projects to meet the essential needs of the city after half a century of absence of the court from the capital while he also organized a series of imperial feasts and ceremonies which enlivened the capital and kept its residents busy.Such events displayed the power of the royal family and made its presence felt in the city (Cerasi, 1999; Eldem, 1999;Hamadeh, 2007).Furthermore, the eighteenth century was a period when public spaces became more visible in the urban landscape in the capital.Throughout this century, coffeehouses became bigger and more common (Kırlı, 2000;Yaşar, 2009), the number of public baths reached its highest point (Yaşar, 2014;Ergin, 2015), piers developed alongside waterfront palaces and residences along the Golden Horn and the Bosphorus (Artan, 1989), public fountains offered socialization opportunities (Hamadeh, 2002), the number of excursion and picnic sites increased (Hamadeh, 2007) and numerous public libraries were founded (Sezer, 2016) and due to all of these Istanbul residents became more and more visible in the public space.Besides, the construction of the Nuriosmaniye Mosque complex, completed in 1755, led to a renewed visibility of imperial mosques with a new architectural style in the urban landscape (Kuban, 2007;Peker, 2010;
Information Theoretic Authentication and Secrecy Codes in the Splitting Model

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In the splitting model, information theoretic authentication codes allow non-deterministic encoding, that is, several messages can be used to communicate a particular plaintext. Certain applications require that the aspect of secrecy should hold simultaneously. Ogata-Kurosawa-Stinson-Saido (2004) have constructed optimal splitting authentication codes achieving perfect secrecy for the special case when the number of keys equals the number of messages. In this paper, we establish a construction method for optimal splitting authentication codes with perfect secrecy in the more general case when the number of keys may differ from the number of messages. To the best knowledge, this is the first result of this type.
Water Consumption Reduction Strategies in Recycled Paper Production Companies in Iran

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract. A close relation exist between Forest products industries and water cycle. Water as a natural resource is assumed to be a necessary and vital element in pulp and paper manufacturing and power generation in the related power plants. The objective of the current study is to determine the main factors affecting the water consumption in recycled paper manufacturing companies using analytical hierarchy process (AHP). Several questionnaires and related tables were forwarded to selected recycled paper manufacturing companies to evaluate the water reduction criteria in different sectors including manufacturing process, final product, raw material, human resources, costs and expenditures, environmental regulations and technical modifications. The results were analyzed by Expert Choice 2000 software. The results indicated that &apos;final product &quot; criterion was ranked first following by manufacturing process, human resources, costs and expenditures, environmental regulations and technical modifications, respectively. Also among alternatives, final product, cooling water network, and water storage tanks were categorized in the first three priorities. The specified priorities would assist the managers and production experts to achieve the optimized water consumption with minimum possible cost.
Synthetic Quasi-TEM Meandered Transmission Lines for Compacted Microwave Integrated Circuits

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents a two-dimensional transmission line (2-D TL) that supports quasi-TEM propagation mode and reduces problems associated with compacted meandering of microstrip (MS) on propagation constants and the characteristic impedances commonly observed in conventional one-dimensional MSs. The proposed 2-D TL comprises two layers of metallic surfaces on either side of a dielectric substrate. The top metal surface is a meandered connection of a unit cell with a central patch and connecting arms. The bottom surface is a meshed 2-D periodical ground plane, whose etched portion complements the patch portion of the top surface, forming a complementary-conducting-strip (CCS) TL, enabling a combination of an MS and MS with the tuning septa in a unit cell. Both theoretical and experimental investigations of the CCS TL agree well and demonstrate that it is much less susceptible to the effects of meanderings on the propagation constant and characteristic impedance than an MS for the same meandered pattern. Two design examples are presented to demonstrate the potential for a CCS TL for miniaturizing microwave passive circuits with minimal losses. The first example involves a 5.4-GHz CCS four-port rat-race hybrid realized in RO4003 and reduces the area of original MS design by 87%. The second example illustrates the applicability of a CCS TL to a monolithic RF integrated circuit using a first-pass design of a 5.2-GHz CMOS oscillator incorporating a CCS TL as a resonator with an area totaling 500/spl times/600 /spl mu/m/sup 2/ including pads base on Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company's 0.25-/spl mu/m 1P5M CMOS process techniques.
To find the Efficacy of Therapeutic Laser for Piriformis Syndrome

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT Introduction Excessive static and dynamic muscle work/action of the piriformis causes Piriformis syndrome (PS). The sciatic nerve runs on bilateral side of posterior hip or thigh just closed to piriformis muscles or sometimes just passes through it. In case of PS, patients feel sharp radiating pain and paresthesia and muscle weakness in lower quadrants of limbs including low back, hip, and ankle. Aims and objectives The aim of the study was to compare and observe the effect of light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation (LASER) therapy and ultrasound therapy in case of PS. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of laser therapy for the physiotherapy rehabilitation to restore range of motion (ROM) of lower limb and decrease pain and disability in PS. Materials and methods Thirty patients were taken for this study. The mean age in group I and group II were 28.2 ± 5.116 and 29.93 ± 4.793 respectively, and the patients were referred from orthopedic outpatient physiotherapy department of Mahatma Gandhi Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India. The duration of study was of 3 weeks. Baseline measurements of pain intensity, lower extremity functional disability, and ROM of all the subjects were measured using the visual analog scale (VAS), Lower Extremity Functional Scale, and goniometer respectively, and recorded as per test data for statistical analysis. Results and conclusion The results have shown that clinically there is a significant difference in the subjects treated with low-level laser and ultrasound efficient in treating pain, ROM, and function in subjects with PS. Between-the-group comparison of values of VAS readings for pain was found to be statistically significant (0.0001) for ROM, but was not found statistically significant for function. How to cite this article Ojha S, Jailiya C. To find the Efficacy of Therapeutic Laser for Piriformis Syndrome. J Mahatma Gandhi Univ Med Sci Tech 2017;2(1):14-17.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of GPR39 signaling is stimulated by zinc ions but not by obestatin.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

GPR39 is an orphan member of the ghrelin receptor family that recently was suggested to be the receptor for obestatin, a peptide derived from the ghrelin precursor. Here, we compare the effect of obestatin to the effect of Zn(2+) on signal transduction and study the effect of obestatin on food intake. Although Zn(2+) stimulated inositol phosphate turnover, cAMP production, arrestin mobilization, as well as cAMP response element-dependent and serum response element-dependent transcriptional activity in GPR39-expressing cells as opposed to mock-transfected cells, no reproducible effect was obtained with obestatin in the GPR39-expressing cells. Moreover, no specific binding of obestatin could be detected in two different types of GPR39-expressing cells using three different radioiodinated forms of obestatin. By quantitative PCR analysis, GPR39 expression was readily detected in peripheral organs such as duodenum and kidney but not in the pituitary and hypothalamus, i.e. presumed central target organs for obestatin. Obestatin had no significant and reproducible effect on acute food intake in either freely fed or fasted lean mice. It is concluded that GPR39 is probably not the obestatin receptor. In contrast, the potency and efficacy of Zn(2+) in respect of activating signaling indicates that this metal ion could be a physiologically relevant agonist or modulator of GPR39. PMID: 16959833
Potential side effects of currently available pharmacotherapies in male lower urinary tract symptoms suggestive of benign prostatic hyperplasia

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

The tolerability profiles are distinct between drug classes but, with few exceptions, similar within a drug class. Within a drug, formulations with longer duration of action tend to have better tolerability. Efficacy gains using combination treatment at least partly come at a cost of lesser tolerability. Greater susceptibility to experience adverse events based on age, comorbidities, and comedications appears conceptually important but remains under-investigated in this therapeutic area.
Runx1 modulates developmental, but not injury-driven, hair follicle stem cell activation

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Aml1/Runx1 controls developmental aspects of several tissues, is a master regulator of blood stem cells, and plays a role in leukemia. However, it is unclear whether it functions in tissue stem cells other than blood. Here, we have investigated the role of Runx1 in mouse hair follicle stem cells by conditional ablation in epithelial cells. Runx1 disruption affects hair follicle stem cell activation, but not their maintenance, proliferation or differentiation potential. Adult mutant mice exhibit impaired de novo production of hair shafts and all temporary hair cell lineages, owing to a prolonged quiescent phase of the first hair cycle. The lag of stem cell activity is reversed by skin injury. Our work suggests a degree of functional overlap in Runx1 regulation of blood and hair follicle stem cells at an equivalent time point in the development of these two tissues.
ABC-Optimized Deep Learning Approach to Rainfall Forecasting in Serang City

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In recent years, there has been a notable increase in hydrogeological disasters, such as floods and landslides, in various regions of Indonesia, primarily attributed to the occurrence of intense rainfall events. Hence, the prediction of precipitation holds significant importance in mitigating susceptibility and the potential for inundation. The issue of rainfall forecasting is widely acknowledged as being highly challenging, and deep learning models are commonly employed to make predictions using intricate timeseries rainfall data. Nevertheless, the duration of training sessions is significantly expanding as a result of the extensive time series data and the fluctuating nature of deep learning hyper-parameter models. This paper showcases the effectiveness of the Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) method in improving the hyper-parameters of well-known deep learning models, such as the standard RNN, LSTM, BiLSTM, and GRU. The precipitation data included in this research is sourced from the Serang City Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysical Agency (BMKG), spanning the time frame of January 2010 to December 2022. The findings indicate that the integration of ABC-optimized GRU yielded the highest level of performance, as seen by the MAE value of8.1846 and RMSE value of 13.5129. This performance surpassed that of the normal RNN, LSTM, and BiLSTM models.
The Partial Presidentialization of Parties in Japan

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Japan is an especially good case for exploring the phenomenon of "presidentialization" in the context of the explanatory variables that Gianluca Passarelli laid out in his introductory chapter. Japanese politics presents the analyst with a fundamental puzzle. Its constitutional structure and formal institutions, with the exception of the electoral system, closely resemble the UK's. Yet rather than "cabinet government" or a "Westminster system" of centralized parties and government revolving around the prime minister, for many years Japan seemed to represent an extreme case of the "Un-Westminster" system, with arguably the weakest prime minister and cabinet among the advanced industrialized democracies (George Mulgan, 2003; Estévez-Abe, 2006). Its political process did not feature alternation in power among two parties but rather one-party dominance; that party and its policymaking did not revolve around the cabinet and prime minister but was decentralized in the extreme, featuring a "bubble up" policymaking process in which the prime minister and cabinet did not determine the policymaking agenda but more often responded to it. The governmental process was influenced as much by the bureaucracy as by politicians, and more by veteran backbenchers in the ruling party than by the cabinet and prime minister (Krauss and Pekkanen, 2010). A key puzzle, then, is why Japan's political process was so unlike a Westminster system despite featuring a somewhat similar constitutional design.
Comparative study of tall building response to synoptic and non-synoptic wind action

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract Until the beginning of the 21st Century, the characteristics of wind for purposes of structural analysis and design, as reflected in wind codes worldwide, were based on the behavior of wind currents in the vicinity of the ground surface observed in so-called synoptic events. It was only recently recognized that the latter are not the only cause of wind damage to buildings and structures, not even its main cause. In view of the absence of any reference to non-synoptic winds in most South American wind codes, their urgent revision to include the effects on non-synoptic winds is badly needed. The downburst is a relevant meteorological phenomenon that causes extreme winds in the lower atmospheric boundary layer. The present article briefly describes an introduction to an simplified approach recently proposed by the second author to describe the wind velocity field in this type of meteorological phenomenon, that is, downbursts within instability lines. The method is examined by a comparative study of tall building response to synoptic and non-synoptic wind action.
Insights into the enhanced photocatalytic and antioxidant properties of novel biogenically synthesised β-In2S3 quantum dots

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

In the field of nanoscience and nanobiotechnology, the use of plant extracts in synthesising metal sulphide nanoparticles has lately come to light as an intriguing issue with several benefits over traditional physicochemical methods. Herein, bio-mediated novel β-In2S3 quantum dots were fabricated using Camellia sinensis var. assamica (tea) leaf extract as a stabilising and capping agent through a facile solvothermal technique to evaluate the photocatalytic and antioxidant characteristics. The prepared green β-In2S3 quantum dots (g-β-In2S3), having a bandgap of 2.0 eV, were employed for the degradation of three major categories of dyes Xanthane (Rhodamine B), Triphenylmethane (Malachite Green), and Azo (Biebrich Scarlet). It also showed excellent antioxidant properties compared to standard ascorbic acid and pure chemically synthesised β-In2S3. The g-β-In2S3 quantum dots were characterised for their crystal structure, morphology, surface functional groups, charge recombination delay, and chemical composition using XRD, PL, FTIR, UV-DRS, SEM, TEM, and XPS analyses. The fabricated material showed high crystallinity of 77.17%, a particle size of 6.97 nm, and spherical morphology. The greenly synthesised β-In2S3 displayed enhanced photocatalytic performance, indicating that bio-synthesis can be a superb method to create flexible and environmentally friendly goods. About 75.28 ± 1.69%, 72.31 ± 1.43%, and 62.21 ± 1.14% for Rhodamine B, Malachite Green, and Biebrich Scarlet could be degraded within 60 min of visible light irradiation via β-In2S3/H2O2 system. The kinetics and the mechanism of the degradation of dyes by g-β-In2S3 are also discussed. This work highlighted the potential of g-β-In2S3 quantum dots for enhanced visible light, advanced oxidation process-assisted degradation of dyes, and outstanding antioxidant properties.
Dissolved organic carbon manipulation reveals coupled cycling of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus in a nitrogen‐rich stream

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

To investigate the coupling between carbon (C) and phosphorus (P) cycling in a human‐altered stream, we conducted a whole‐ecosystem manipulation of the labile dissolved organic carbon (DOC) pool in a nitrate ()‐rich stream in the midwestern United States. For 6 d, we increased stream DOC by ∼ 1 mg L −1 through a continuous addition of sodium acetate. On the sixth day of the addition, ammonium () was increased by ∼ 130 µg N L −1 to examine the potential for nitrogen (N) to mediate coupled C and P cycling. Of the added DOC, 85% was retained within the treatment reach, which increased ecosystem respiration with respect to the reference reach. Alkaline phosphatase activity (APA) increased from day 1 to day 6; however, water column P uptake only increased on day 6 concurrent with the addition. Gross primary production decreased during the DOC addition relative to the reference reach, yet seemed to recover on day 6 ( addition). These results suggest that during the DOC addition, heterotrophs out‐competed autotrophs for N and that sediment‐sorbed P sustained the heterotrophic community while P uptake from the water column was dominated by autotrophs. Because APA and P uptake were stimulated by the simultaneous DOC and addition, P cycling appeared to be N limited, despite the high ambient concentration; this indicates a strong preferential uptake of over In streams, C and P cycling can be intrinsically coupled through biological mechanisms, and this coupling can be mediated by the availability of different forms of inorganic N.
The Relations between Periodontal Infections and Cardiovascular Disease

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Periodontitis and cardiovascular diseases are one of the most communal chronic disorders of the overall population. Even though a huge number of observational investigations back an association between cardiovascular disease and periodontitis, within the latest two decades a causal link between these diseases has been repetitively suggested but never proven. Certainly, most of these allegations have made lot of confusions in the dental and medical community whether there is a real advantage of treating periodontitis on the evolution of vascular diseases or decreasing the risk of future CVD events.