jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
A topic-based-functional syllabus proposal to promote students’ conversation through outdoor games

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Cuando se trata de disenar un syllabus, los maestros de ingles se esfuerzan por buscar las estrategias, tecnicas y enfoques mas adecuados que ayuden a satisfacer las necesidades de los estudiantes y hacer del aprendizaje de idiomas una experiencia relevante para sus alumnos. Los juegos, por ejemplo, son una muestra clara de esa busqueda, ya que una gran cantidad de estudios han demostrado como los juegos pueden actuar como un desencadenante para promover la interaccion y la practica del lenguaje. Por otro lado, muchos profesores y estudiantes consideran que las actividades de conversacion son necesarias en las clases de ingles, sin embargo, hay mas clases planeadas en gramatica y vocabulario que en actividades en donde los estudiantes mantengan conversaciones. En vista de esto, el presente estudio tuvo como objetivo proponer un topic-based-functional syllabus utilizando juegos al aire libre para promover las actividades de conversacion en los estudiantes como se establece en el Marco Comun Europeo de Referencia, (2018), tomo complementario. Para realizar este estudio, se selecciono un cuestionario, entrevistas semiestructuradas y observaciones para recolectar los datos. Despues de analizar la informacion recopilada, determinamos y explicamos en profundidad los aspectos necesarios para disenar un topic-based-functional syllabus para fomentar la conversacion de los alumnos en el grado octavo.
From Directives to Standards

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

CE Marking, the European system of mandatory product safety standards, has created major obstacles for US exporters to the European Union (EU). CE Marking, Product Standards and World Trade is one of the first books to analyze the nature and dynamics of this major non-tariff trade barrier. David Hanson looks at the patterns of EU decision-making through a functional comparative analysis with the US, and in the context of the institutional alliances and rivalries that shape outcomes.
The Causes of Racial Disturbances: A Comparison of Alternative Explanations

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

A range of hypotheses of varying specificity is examined in this paper in an attempt to account for the location of racial disorders during the 1960's. The initial sections consider what general assumptions must be met by any satisfactory explanation of the distribution of the disorders. Mathematical models are constructed which embody the most prevalent assumptions as to the determinants of community disorder-proneness, and their predictions are compared with empirical data. The specific assumptions considered are: (1) all cities have an identical probability of experiencing a disorder; (2) communities are heterogeneous in their underlying disorder propensities; (3) a process of reinforcement characterizes the occurrence of disorders; (4) contagion among communities contributes to the distribution of racial disturbances. Only the heterogeneity assumption is supported by the data. The concluding sections consider the explanatory abilities of several additional theories, each of which assumes the importance of particular community characteristics. All are rejected in favor of an explanation which argues that the racial disorders of the 1960's were responses to frustrations which are uniformly felt by Negroes, irrespective of their community situations.
Does hCG administration increase the incidence of double and multiple ovulations in Campolina mares with co-dominant follicles?

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

A gonadotrofina coriônica humana (hCG) é rotineiramente empregada na indução de ovulação em éguas.A incidência de duplas ovulações é variável, sendo comum em determinadas raças brasileiras, como Brasileiro de Hipismo e Campolina.O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar se a administração de hCG em éguas da raça Campolina incrementa a incidência de ovulações duplas e múltiplas.Através de palpação retal e ultrassonografia, foram avaliados dois ciclos estrais de 104 éguas, divididas em dois grupos.À detecção de um ou mais folículos ≥35 mm e edema endometrial grau 2, 2.500 IU de hCG (IV) eram administrados às éguas do grupo I. O grupo II serviu como controle.Os resultados obtidos foram analisados pelo Qui-quadrado.A incidência de ovulações duplas nos grupos I e II foi de, respectivamente, 32,7% (34/104) versus 30,8% (32/ 104).Ambos os grupos obtiveram incidência semelhante de ovulações triplas (1,9% -2/104).Apenas uma ovulação quádrupla (1,0% -1/104) foi detectada, no grupo controle.A incidência de duplas e múltiplas ovulações foi similar entre os grupos (p > 0,05).Pelo fato das éguas da raça Campolina apresentarem, fisiologicamente, considerável incidência de ovulações duplas e múltiplas, é possível que a administração de hCG não tenha influenciado estes padrões ovulatórios.
Supplemental Figure 2 from Effect of Metformin, Rapamycin, and Their Combination on Growth and Progression of Prostate Tumors in HiMyc Mice

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

<p>Supplemental Figure 2. Effect of MET, RAPA or MET + RAPA on autophagy, cell cycle and apoptosis markers in mouse PCa cells.</p>
The impacts of grazing on the soil microorganism population of grassland

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Soil quality is crucial to sustainable development of grassland ecosystems and to their productivity. Healthy soil must have rich species diversity,active microorganism populations,an efficient internal nutrient cycle and good buffering against disturbance. Soil microorganisms are the main driver of various biological processes and are therefore very important in soil systems. Hence,soil microbial community characteristics such as population numbers,community structure and species diversity can be used as a measure of soil health. The present paper summarizes the effects of grazing on the grassland soil microbial populations,community structure and diversity. We propose that it is essential to understand the impact of grazing management on soil microorganisms. A methodology is introduced for evaluation of soil health,and selection of a suitable grazing level to improve grassland management,and the advantages and disadvantages are discussed. Two key questions are addressed; namely the responses of the soil microbial community to grazing activity,and how to use these indicators to evaluate soil quality and propose a reasonable grazing practice to sustainably improve the productivity of grassland.
Improving system performance using microgrid energy storage systems

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

One of the main factors that cause climate change is global warming. To resolve the issue, the topic of overcoming global warming has been widely discussed by world leader in several occasions during their meeting. Their main task is how they could cut down carbon emissions and make use of alternative energy resources to improve energy efficiency. In today context, people are still heavily depending on fossil fuel to generate electricity in power plant. High demand on energy usage however makes those countries start to search for alternative energy sources such as clean energy. In order to reduce carbon emissions especially for large industry plants, mandatory rules and carbon credit has been enforced. Hence no choice but enables industries to search for alternative energy resources. These improve the steadily growing utility role in the renewable energy sector. Widely used renewable energy sources are wind energy and solar energy. Especially solar energy is more commonly used in this region. By converting the sunlight energy into electrical energy, this technology has emerged the demand of PV system. In western country PV systems were popular for domestic users as well as industrial users. In brief, PV system is referring to a system, which converts sunlight energy into electricity. It consists of multiple components such as PV arrays, power converters, batteries, controller, voltage source inverter, etc. The objective of this project is to design a photovoltaic system for a standalone and grid connected electrical power systems.
Cost-effectiveness analysis of prophylactic laser peripheral iridotomy for primary angle-closure suspect in Japan

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract

Background/Objectives: This study aimed to compare the cost-effectiveness of prophylactic laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI) with that of observation for primary angle-closure suspect (PACS) in Japan. Subjects/Methods: A Markov model was developed to compare the costs and utilities of prophylactic LPI with those of observation of 40-year-old patients with PACS. In the model with a yearly cycle over a 20-year time horizon, the disease was postulated to irreversibly progress from PACS to primary angle closure, followed by primary angle-closure glaucoma, unilateral blindness, and bilateral blindness. The parameters were estimated based on a recent randomised controlled trial and analyses of Japanese claims data. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was estimated from the healthcare payer’s perspective and evaluated as the willingness-to-pay 5 million Japanese Yen per quality-adjusted life-year. The observation period was shortened, and the age at entry into the cohort was changed to 50 years in the sensitivity analyses. We conducted one-way deterministic sensitivity analysis and probabilistic sensitivity analysis with Monte Carlo simulations with 10 000 iterations. Results The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of LPI was 2 270 224 Japanese Yen (14 189 pounds sterling) per quality-adjusted life-year, which was below the willingness-to-pay threshold. The ratios were approximately 4 and 8 million in the 15-year and 10-year time horizons, respectively. Increasing the age at entry had little influence on the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio. The deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses indicated that the results were robust. Conclusions Our results indicate that prophylactic LPI for middle-aged patients with PACS is cost-effective in Japan.
Combination chemotherapy with paclitaxel, cisplatin and fluorouracil for patients with advanced and metastatic gastric or esophagogastric junction adenocarcinoma: a multicenter prospective study.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The combination chemotherapy with PCF is active and tolerable as first-line and second-line therapy in Chinese patients with advanced gastric and EGJ adenocarcinoma. The response and survival of PCF are same as those of DCF, but the tolerance is much better.
Cultural Competence: Do We Agree on its meaning and Should It be Considered a Core Competency in Training Programs?

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

A literature review was undertaken to evaluate whether groups in American healthcare view cultural competence in the same way. It also explores learning opportunities in professional training programs. The review was specifically limited to the subject from the viewpoint of nurses, physicians, physician assistants, and healthcare executives. Professional Web sites were reviewed for each group, The American Nursing Association, The American Medical Association, The American Academy of Physician Assistants, and the American College of Healthcare Executives. A journal search was performed utilizing Medline, CINAHL, EBSCO, and OhioLink for articles relating to cultural competence for each of the groups. Each group conceptualized cultural competence in similarly, but each group provided unique insights and alternatives in achieving it. The methods included the addition of formal training in professional schools, of practicing professionals, and enhancing the diversity of the workforce. Conclusions were drawn from the literature to guide students and practicing professionals.
Co-spectral clustering based density peak

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Spectral clustering employs spectral-graph structure of a similarity matrix to partition data into disjoint meaningful groups, because of its well-defined mathematical framework, good performance and simplicity, spectral clustering has gained considerable attentions in the recent past. Despite these virtues, it suffers from several drawbacks, such as it is unable to determine a reasonable cluster number, sensitive to initial condition and not robust to outliers. In this paper, we present a new approach named density peak spectral clustering (DPSC) which combines spectral clustering with density peak clustering algorithm (DPCA) into a unified framework to solve these problems. Since multi-view data is common in clustering problem, to further bootstrap the clustering performance by using complementary information from different view, then we propose co-trained density peak spectral clustering (Co-DPSC), which is an extension of DPSC to multi-views based on the co-training idea. Experimental comparisons with a number of baselines on a toy and three real-world datasets show the effectiveness of our proposed DPSC and Co-DPSC algorithm.
Horizontal and vertical coordination and integration of subjects of the department of applied economy (Economic Structure) in the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th courses of Degree in Tourism at the University of Malaga

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The Department of Applied Economics (Economic Structure) of the University of Malaga has its headquarters in the Faculty of Economics, although its professors teach in six centers of our University. We intend to develop the proposed project, specifically in the Faculty of Tourism where we have actually assigned six subjects in the four courses of the degree in Tourism. After five years of implementation of the new curricula in Tourism, it seems appropriate to carry out a process of horizontal and vertical coordination and integration of the contents of the subjects taught by the department's professors. The main objectives to be achieved with this project in its two years have been: first, to improve the quality of the contents of the subjects of the degree, which in some cases may have overlapped in part. Second, to equip the set of subjects of our department in the Faculty of Tourism of the horizontal and vertical coherence, that is necessary.
Characterization of Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella enterica Serovar Heidelberg from a Ground Turkey-Associated Outbreak in the United States in 2011

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Salmonella enterica serotype Heidelberg is the fifth-most-common serotype that causes human disease in the United States, and it appears to be more invasive than other nontyphoidal serotypes ([3][1], [6][2]). In March 2011, a multistate outbreak of Salmonella enterica serotype Heidelberg infections
Further thoughts on Asian Studies “inside-out”

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract In response to Sato and Sonoda's “Asian Studies ‘inside out’: research agenda for the development of Global Asian Studies,” members of the Global Asias Collaborative at Rutgers University – comprised of a diverse group of scholars of Asia and the Asian diaspora located in history, literature, art history, geography, among other disciplines – offer responses to this generative prompt to remap the place and field of “Asia” in its heterogeneous and interwoven temporalities and topologies.
Changing Supply Elasticities and Regional Housing Booms

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Abstract Developments in U.S. house prices over the past decade mirror those of the 1996–2006 boom. Construction activity has, however, been weak. Using data for 254 U.S. metropolitan areas, we show that housing supply elasticities have fallen markedly in recent years. We find that housing supply elasticities have declined more in areas in which land‐use regulation has tightened the most, and in areas that experienced the sharpest housing busts. Consistent with the declining housing supply elasticities, we find that monetary policy shocks have had a stronger effect on house prices during the past decade than during the previous boom. At the same time, building permits respond less.
Travel-related diseases: injury and infectious disease prevention

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

To counsel prospective travelers, physicians should familiarize themselves with risks and exposures associated with travel. The most common causes of travelers’ mortality and morbidity, respectively, are accidents and infections. Precautions to prevent accidents include limiting alcohol use, providing vehicle-specific safety precautions, and recognizing special risks in areas traveled. A knowledge of immunization regulations and endemic diseases can facilitate counseling travelers. Booster immunizations against childhood vaccine-preventable diseases may be needed. Gamma globulin prophylaxis should be used to prevent hepatitis A in areas where fecal contamination of foodstuffs occurs. Since effective immunotherapy for travelers’ diarrhea does not exist, practical advice regarding food and water exposure is essential. Among the elderly, attention should be directed toward the effects of travel on age-specific medical problems (e.g., cardiovascular events) which may occur more often in this age group than do infections. Other recommendations should be tailored to the specific activities of a given traveler.
Ectopic adenoid tissue in the choanae

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A series of 19 patients with often long-lasting nasal stenosis despite repeated treatment attempts, including in many cases repeated adenoidectomy, were found to have ectopic adenoid tissue in the choanae which could only be removed transnasally by forceps. It did not emerge from the rhinopharynx but from the roof of the choanae, the posterior part of the nasal septum and in some cases also from the lateral wall of the choanae. The diagnosis was established by anterior rhinoscopy using a flexible rhinopharyngo-laryngoscope. The treatment was successful in all 19 patients, many of whom had had symptoms for years. It is estimated that about two per cent of patients with adenoid symptoms have such ectopic choanal adenoid tissue, that cannot be removed by the usual oral approach. In young patients with long-lasting nasal stenosis attention should be focused on the bottleneck of the nasopharyngeal airway formed by the choanae, primarily by fibre-optic endoscopic examination.
Navigational range lights: effect of stimulus configuration on alignment accuracy

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The use of range lights in nautical navigation involves the visual determination of the vertical alignment of two points of light, in order to indicate the centre of the channel. In two experiments it is shown that this vernier alignment task is more accurate if illuminated linear stimuli are used as range lights. Experiment 1 involved a laboratory simulation and experiment 2 involved a field test with full sized range lights. The average reduction of error through the use of linear stimuli over the standard point stimuli, for navigational alignments at a distance of one-half nautical mile from the range lights, was 69-4%. This suggests that a marked safety advantage might accrue from the use of linear range lights for nautical navigation purposes.
Neural Networks Applied for Broadcast Channels

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The famous mathematical definition of the capacity region of broadcast channels assumes that the channel is a degraded. However, not all wireless communication channels can be mathematically represented as degrades ones. Motivated by the artificial intelligence revolution, this paper provides a novel approach for tackling this problem. In particular, this paper utilizes artificial neural networks for providing a solution for the problem of converting a broadcast channel into a degraded one. Creating a degraded channel implies modeling the broadcast channel as a series of cascaded channels connecting the transmitter to the receivers sequentially which in turn implies finding a middle (relay) channel connecting the receivers. This process of finding the middle channel is performed in this paper utilizing different models of neural networks. This approach is applied for binary symmetric channels and Gaussian channel. For the Gaussian case, this paper provides a novel approach for establishing the middle channel by providing an estimation of the distribution of the middle channel itself, not only the crossover probability or the variance of the distribution. As a result, several possible extensions for practical channels (like Rayleigh) is suggested. Furthermore, this paper provides an abundant evidence that artificial intelligent is capable of modernizing classical information theory that faces major problems with the complexity of the analytical solutions.
Effects of anomalous couplings of quarks on prompt photon production

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Prompt photon production is sensitive to the anomalous couplings of gluons to\nquarks, because it is mainly produced by quark-gluon scattering. We will\nexamine the effects of the anomalous chromoelectric and chromomagnetic dipole\nmoment couplings of quarks on prompt photon production. Using the data\ncollected by CDF and D0 at the Fermilab Tevatron we put a bound on these\nanomalous couplings. We also estimate the sensitivity of various future high\nenergy collider experiments to these anomalous couplings.\n
ESRA19-0674 Neuraxial anaesthesia are we drawing up right? A quality improvement project

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background and aims

Techniques in regional anaesthesia should enforce sterility whilst maintaining prevention of arachnoiditis and meningitis as identified by the National Audit Project 3 (1,2). Operating department practitioners (ODPs) should wear a facemask whilst assisting the anaesthetist to prevent contamination from naso-oral flora (3). Chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) spray can travel after application and should not be used with exposed neuraxial needles (4). Filter needles should only be used unidirectionally and ampoules should be wiped (5,6). Dead space should be factored into the draw up technique to avoid sub-therapeutic doses of intrathecal opioid (7). Our quality improvement study aimed to assess local adherence to the recommended national and manufacturer published guidelines.

Methods

Prospective data was collected over a period of 12 months from one district general hospital with single blinding. Practices and techniques pertinent to ODPs and anaesthetists whilst drawing up drugs for imminent neuraxial blockade were documented during obstetric theatre sessions.

Results

23% of patients had their back sprayed with an open sterile tray. No ODPs wore a facemask and 11% opened glass ampoules without gloves, 89% with non-sterile gloves and none utilised sterile gloves or alcohol wipes to wipe the neck of ampoules after opening. Bi-directional (aspiration and injection) occurred with 51% of anaesthetists using a filter needle.

Conclusions

Adherence to national and manufacturer recommendations was very poor, with potential for sub-therapeutic dosing of intrathecal opioid and subsequent implications regarding patient safety. Recommendations include education of ODPs and anaesthetists via departmental events and posters to promote and improve awareness of ideal practice.