jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Critical listening assessment in undergraduate music technology programmes

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract This article explores the general lack of specific course sequencing that measures critical listening skills designed for undergraduate students in music technology, commercial production and vocationally focused degree programmes. Although traditional music performance and education curricula prescribe a sequential examination of history, theory, keyboarding and aural skills, a comprehensive set of standardized listening competencies focused on preparing students for the realities of working in the commercial music, audio and media fields do not exist. This article envisions a balanced collaboration between industry expertise and peer institutional review to conceive a new rubric for evaluating critical listening in undergraduate music technology programmes that meets accreditation standards while preparing graduates for entry-level employment in media-centred fields. This article explores the potential collaboration of audio industry professionals and organizations with educational institutions to create a set of competencies that are workforce-specific, but suitable for academic purposes. This article explores such collaborations through cognitive apprenticeship and multisensory learning.
116 LAWS,LORE AND LOGJAMS:CRITICAL ISSUES IN INDIAN FOREST CONSERVATION

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

"India???s forests support a rich assemblage of floral and faunal biodiversity and have also been the ancestral habitat of diverse tribal and inidenous communities. However, recent government legislation combined with action by the Indian judiciary aimed to stem the rapid loss of forests and wildlife is undermining rather than contributing to conservation and social justice. The contradictory nature of these interventions is creating new distortions and conflicts by failing to address the root cases of forest degradation. This paper discusses the main obstacles to sustainable and just forest management: Poor procedures and unsound premises for defining and identifying forests; dissonance between tribal and conservation laws; neglect of democratic decentralisation of forest governance."
Left Far Lateral Craniotomy for Clipping of a Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery Aneurysm

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Objectives The complex anatomical relationships of neurovascular structures at the craniovertebral junction make the clipping of a posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) aneurysm surgically challenging. We demonstrate the clipping of a PICA aneurysm in the video. Design, Setting, and Participant A 65-year-old woman presented with a nonsymptomatic unruptured left PICA aneurysm; follow-up angiography showed an increase in its size. Preoperative angiography demonstrated a PICA aneurysm with the neck close to the origin of the PICA. A daughter sac of the aneurysm was also noted. A left far lateral approach was performed. The vagoaccessory triangle was exposed after opening the arachnoid membrane. The origin of the PICA and the aneurysm were revealed after exploration. The aneurysm neck was identified both proximally and distally. Two fenestrated clips were applied; subsequent indocyanine green (ICG) videoangiography demonstrated that the PICA was obstructed. One clip was adjusted, and repeated ICG videoangiography showed the PICA was patent. An endoscope was used before and after the clip application to better understand the anatomy of the aneurysm and inspect clip positions (Fig. 1). Outcome The patient was neurologically intact postoperatively and was discharged on postoperative day 4. Conclusion PICA aneurysms require careful treatment. Impingement of adjacent structures can cause severe complications. Lower cranial nerve damage can cause dysphagia, and compromised vertebral/PICA circulation can cause brainstem symptoms, such as Wallenberg's syndrome. Intraoperative ICG videoangiography should be used to evaluate vessel patency, and the endoscope should be used to fully inspect the aneurysm and evaluate the clip application. The link to the video can be found at: https://youtu.be/dKxFQTRA89g.
The long 10th century, or the creation of the New Europe

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The tenth century was when the spread of Christianity through Europe commenced the transformation of various state and tribal formations into the form that persisted and that we can recognize today. The political and economic development of Islam created a demand for people from which the new states also derived material resources. Trade and plunder led by the Vikings stimulated the formation of states and strengthened them, this was aided further by the existence of a stable network of roads.
Liquid Chromatographic Assay of Peptides Activity with Inhibiting Angiotensin Converting Enzyme

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A rapid, simple and interference-free method was developed to evaluate the inhibitory activity of hydro- lyzed peptides from egg white protein against the angiotensin-converting enzyme. The total reaction volume was 60 μL, saving the cost. The assay was based on a HPLC separation and quantification of the synthetic substrate hip- puryl-L-histidyl-L-leucine and its hydrolyzed product―hippuric acid; the separation was performed on a C18 column eluted by a mobile phase of acetonitrile/water(0.5% TFA) at a volume ratio of 25:75. At a signal to noise ratio(S/N) of 10, the detective limit of the quantitation of hippuric acid was (0.4600±0.0097) μmol/L. The standard curve shows a linear response with a slope of 49488 and a correlation coefficient of 0.9995. The assay was adequate for the study of ACE inhibition by Captopril and peptides derived from food protein, and showed a very good correlation with the previous methods. Keywords Angiotensin converting enzyme; HPLC; Egg white protein; Peptide Article ID 1005-9040(2010)-05-712-05
Prevalence and Comparison of Periodontopathic Bacteria in Aggressive And Chronic Periodontitis Patients- A Microbiological Study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Specific bacterium or a group of bacteria are found to be responsible for causing periodontal destruction and are associated with specific forms of disease. This study was carried out to determine the prevalence and comparison of periodontopathic bacteria in the subgingival bacterial sample of plaque of patients with aggressive AgP and chronic periodontitis CGP.This study was carried out in a total of 40 patients divided into two groups-patients diagnosed with aggressive periodontitis and the other with chronic periodontitis. Pooled subgingival plaque samples were obtained with a sterile curette from the deepest pocket in each quadrant and transported to the laboratory for biochemical analysis for species identification. The prevalence of P.gingivalis P.intermedia F.nucleatum and T.forsythus was greater in CGP than AgP. A.actinomycetemcomitans was most prevalent and isolated at a greater frequency from LAgP. However A.a could not be isolated from any subjects with CGP. Statistical analysis of the data showed a significant difference between CGP and LAgPwhen mean counts of the bacteria was considered. There was not much difference in the specificity of major periodontopathic bacteria in CGP and GAgP. Identification of microbiota in the subgingival environment alone could not differentiate between different periodontal diseases. Further studies are required to identify particular strains of these periodontopathic bacteria that are responsible for tissue destruction.
Homelessness, negative affect, and coping among veterans with gambling problems who misused substances

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Compared with other populations with addictions, pathological gamblers have higher levels of negative affect and poor coping. A total of 154 formerly homeless veterans who misused substances were assessed six months after treatment to determine whether those with a gambling problem (N = 22) had more negative affect and poorer coping than those without a gambling problem and whether they were more likely to have unstable housing and employment. The veterans with a gambling problem had significantly higher levels of negative affect and poorer coping but did not differ from the other veterans in housing and employment stability.
Parent–child communication about abstinence and safer sex in parochial school families

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Familial values, attitudes, and other social characteristics can influence adolescent decision-making. These beliefs and those set forward by religious doctrine contribute to delays in sexual debut. Using both qualitative (N = 52) and quantitative (N = 140) methods and framed by the theory of planned behavior, this study examined parent–child HIV sexual risk communication (PCHSRC) among parents of children attending Catholic parochial schools. Significant correlations were found between PCHSRC, normative and control beliefs, and intentions. Predictors of PCHSRC included control beliefs, age of child, and race. Predictive barriers included behavioral and control beliefs, family normative beliefs, and being Hispanic. Being Catholic was not a significant predictor of PCHSRC beliefs or behaviors. Members of religious conservative groups have unique PCHSRC and prevention needs; interventions focused on HIV risk reduction behaviors must target knowledge, increase parental comfort, and provide guidance on timing of communication.
Perfect Prediction in Minkowski Spacetime: Perfectly Transparent Equilibrium for Dynamic Games with Imperfect Information

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The assumptions of necessary rationality and necessary knowledge of strategies, also known as perfect prediction, lead to at most one surviving outcome, immune to the knowledge that the players have of them. Solutions concepts implementing this approach have been defined on both dynamic games with perfect information and no ties, the Perfect Prediction Equilibrium, and strategic games with no ties, the Perfectly Transparent Equilibrium. In this paper, we generalize the Perfectly Transparent Equilibrium to games in extensive form with imperfect information and no ties. Both the Perfect Prediction Equilibrium and the Perfectly Transparent Equilibrium for strategic games become special cases of this generalized equilibrium concept. The generalized equilibrium, if there are no ties in the payoffs, is at most unique, and is Pareto-optimal. We also contribute a special-relativistic interpretation of a subclass of the games in extensive form with imperfect information as a directed acyclic graph of decisions made by any number of agents, each decision being located at a specific position in Minkowski spacetime, and the information sets and game structure being derived from the causal structure. Strategic games correspond to a setup with only spacelike-separated decisions, and dynamic games to one with only timelike-separated decisions. The generalized Perfectly Transparent Equilibrium thus characterizes the outcome and payoffs reached in a general setup where decisions can be located in any generic positions in Minkowski spacetime, under necessary rationality and necessary knowledge of strategies. We also argue that this provides a directly usable mathematical framework for the design of extension theories of quantum physics with a weakened free choice assumption.
Nonpecuniary Class Action Settlements

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

There has been an upsurge of interest in class action litigation over the past few years.Legal scholars, 1 journalists, 2 and politicians 3 have all weighed in on the topic.Congress reformed federal securities class action procedures in 1995, 4 and an advisory committee is weighing a proposal for fundamental changes to Rule 23, the general federal class action provision. 5The Supreme Court of the United States issued important decisions on class action settlements during the past few years, 6 and more are likely to follow.
Can mesenchymal stem cells improve spermatogonial stem cell transplantation efficiency?

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Summary Improved treatments have led to an increased survival rate in cancer patients. However, in pre‐pubertal boys, these gonadotoxic treatments can result in the depletion of the spermatogonial stem cell ( SSC ) pool causing lifelong infertility. SSC transplantation has been proposed as a promising technique to preserve the fertility of these patients. In mice, this technique has resulted in live‐born offspring, but the efficiency of colonization remained low. This could be because of a deficient microenvironment, leading to apoptosis of the transplanted SSC s. Interestingly, mesenchymal stem cells ( MSC s), being multipotent and easy to isolate and multiply in vitro, are nowadays successfully and widely used in regenerative medicine. Here, we shortly review the current understanding of MSC and SSC biology, and we hypothesize that a combined MSC ‐ SSC transplantation might improve the efficiency of SSC colonization and differentiation as paracrine factors from MSC s may contribute to the SSC niche.
Effectivity of the Hybrid Fiber Reinforced Polymer in Strengthening of RC-Beams

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) has been used as one of the repair or strengthening materials for deteriorated concrete structures. However, the elastic properties of FRP materials cause a limitations on the ductility of the reinforced concrete structure. This research focuses on the study of the behavior of reinforced concrete beams strengthened using a hybrid Carbon-Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastic (Hybrid FRP). Hybrid FRP is a combination of two layers of FRP that have different elastic modulus, namely Glass Fiber and Carbon Fiber. The objective of using hybrid composites is to obtain a combined elastic mode behavior from two kind of fibers. Flexural testing of reinforced concrete beams with FRP hybrid reinforcement was carried out to study the flexural behavior and also the effectiveness of strengthening. The test material is a reinforced concrete beam with dimensions of 150 mm x 200 mm x 3300 mm. Two types of beams were prepared, namely control beams (BN) and beams with FRP Hybrid strengthening (BGC). The composition of the FRP hybrid was 100% of Glass fiber and 40% of Carbon fiber to the width of the beam. The test results show that the beam with FRP hybrid strengthening has a moment capacity of 12% higher than the control reinforced concrete beam (BN). The mode of failure of the BN beams was the crushing of the concrete that was initiated by yielding of the steel reinforcement. For BGC beams, failure mode was in the form of debonding of the hybrid FRP layer.
Perspective-taking and outgroup helping: The moderating role of warmth impression and outgroup status

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

This study intended to investigate the effect of perspective-taking on outgroup helping, with warmth impression and outgroup status serving as the moderating variables.Data from this study (n = 201) provided full support for all hypotheses specified.Warmth impression, perspective-taking, and outgroup status turned out to have significant main effects on outgroup helping.Two-way interaction effects between perspective-taking and warmth impression (perspective-taking x warmth impression) as well as perspective-taking and outgroup status (perspective-taking x outgroup status) on outgroup helping were also significant.Finally, as predicted, outgroup helping was significantly affected by a three-way interaction of perspective-taking, warmth impression and outgroup status.Both theoretical and practical implications for these findings were discussed.
Sofeier Coming into Song Dynasty and Sayyid Ajall Omer Shams al-Din Obeying to Yuan Dynasty——The Comparative Research of Family Trees and Historical Records

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The article look into the family history of Sayyid Ajall Omer Shams al-Din's fifth ancestor came into Song dynasty and Sayyid Ajall Omer Shams al-Din himself obeyed Yuan dynasty through textual researching the family trees and historical records. The author argues that datas in family trees and local records could make up for absence of offical historical records, and also has significance to historical studies of Hui in Yunan and even all China.
Data from Natural Killer Cells are Scarce in Colorectal Carcinoma Tissue Despite High Levels of Chemokines and Cytokines

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<div>Abstract<p><b>Purpose:</b> Tumor infiltrating T lymphocytes in colorectal cancer (CRC) have prognostic impact, but the role of natural killer (NK) cells in CRC tissue is unclear. The contribution of intratumoral cytokines and chemokines in shaping the composition of the inflammatory lymphocytic infiltrate is also unclear.</p><p><b>Experimental Design:</b> In this study, localization and densities of NK and T cells within primary CRC, CRC liver metastases, adenomas, and normal tissues were analyzed on whole tissue sections from 112 patients. In a subset of these patients, the most important 50 cytokines and chemokines were quantified in paired serum, primary CRC and adjacent mucosa samples and in CRC liver metastases and correlated with NK and T-cell infiltration, respectively.</p><p><b>Results:</b> The various compartments displayed characteristic differences like significantly higher chemokine concentrations in CRC tissue. Most importantly, despite high local chemokine levels, NK cells were generally scarce within CRC tumor tissues, independent of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I expression. Adjacent normal mucosa contained normal levels of NK cells. In contrast, corresponding T-cell numbers varied substantially and were positively correlated with higher chemokine levels.</p><p><b>Conclusions:</b> Our findings indicate a distinct regulation of NK cells versus T cells in the CRC tumor microenvironment. NK-cell migration into CRC tumor tissue is obviously impaired early during tumor development by mechanisms that do not affect T-cell infiltration. <i>Clin Cancer Res; 17(4); 678–89. ©2011 AACR</i>.</p></div>
A study of information and communications technologies in museums with particular reference to Wales

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper reports on a project which aimed to ascertain current and anticipated use of information and communication technologies (ICT) in museums in Wales. The project also traced the primary ICT trends in the museum community worldwide, and listed relevant contemporary policy and project initiatives and funding sources in the UK. The main findings – applications, the resource and other issues, barriers to development, the perceived value of ICT in museum work, and the main project outcomes and recommendations are listed.
Development of Land Markets in Selected EU-Countries and Land Ownership Strategies on the Farm Level

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

The development of the land markets for selected European Countries (B, DK, D-W, F, NL) and the effects of agricultural policy reforms on land prices are analysed in "Part I - Land Markets at the Country Level" of this article. The variables describing the agricultural land markets are land prices, prices for rental land and the share of rented land. Over a longer period of about two decades, the prices for agricultural land have been decreasing in real terms in general (exception NL) while rental prices have been more stable. A regression analysis shows increasing price effects on prices for agricultural land and on rental prices due to the ha-premiums, which were introduced by the Common Agricultural Policy(CAP)-Reforms in 1992. In "Part II - Farm Level Strategies for Land Purchase" the economic effects of changing land ownership are analysed using the data base of Part I. Recommendations for farmers are to find out if long term rental contracts are available to avoid tying up capital. If land market prices are lower than a certain threshold, land can be bought considering the financial liquidity of the enterprise. Selling land could be appropriate to avoid financial liquidity stress, but this should be only temporary and restricted to a marginal amount of land stocks. If profitability of crop production is relatively low or land prices are relative high and rental contracts terminated, an entrepreneur should seek to rent new land, if possible, or find alternative investments which yield higher profits than crop production.
A Comparative Analysis of Metaheuristic Algorithms Tuned Supper Twisting Sliding Mode Control of a Self-balancing Segway

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A self-balancing two-wheel Segway is a multivariable, nonlinear, coupled and unstable personal transport that is among the benchmarks of under-actuated systems to test different control schemes. The proper operation of the system needs stable and robust controllers for the balancing and direction of the Segway. Stable and robust performance of such systems can be achieved using adaptive, optimal and non-linear control schemes. A conventional sliding mode controller is a nonlinear controller, considered a robust controller except for the chattering problem that can be solved using higher order sliding mode controllers such as a supper twisted sliding mode controller (STSMC). In this research, STSMC is proposed for balancing and PID controller for direction control of a self-balancing Segway. To solve the impacts of design technique, skill, and experience of the designer on the control schemes, controllers are tuned using metaheuristic optimization algorithms, namely Grey wolf algorithm (GWO), Genetic Algorithm (GA), and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) technique. The overall system has been implemented in MATLAB/Simulink, and performance evaluations have been executed for the time domain specifications of settling and rise times as comparison criteria for the Segway operating conditions of variable driver mass and tilt angles. The results show relatively quick responses - for initial pitch angel of 0.3 rad, and initial yaw angle of 0.1 rad – of GWO-STSMC and GWO-PID controllers. For variable driver mass and constant initial tilt angles, the pitch response is found to be less sensitive to the increase in mass of the driver for GWO-STSMC, while the yaw angle response shows a slight sensitivity decrease for GWO-PID controller. For variable initial tilt angles and constant mass of the drive, both GWO-STSMC and GWO-PID controllers show the capability of tracking the reference pitch and yaw angles.
Long-Term Forest Ecosystem Planning at Pacific Lumber

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

In 1995, the Pacific Lumber Company contracted with VESTRA Resources to develop a 120-year, 12-period forest-ecosystem management plan for its properties to meet new California Board of Forestry wildlife, fisheries, and timber resource requirements and to optimize its timberland operations and profitability. VESTRA Resources developed the ecosystem-planning express model, Ep(x), which seamlessly integrates geographic information systems with a database resource capability model and a policy-alternative model, providing the inputs to a linear program. The Ep(x) model uses an underlying adaptive management approach that also maximizes the knowledge base of the ecosystem through detailed sensitivity analyses. The model increased present net worth by over $398 million and generated a more optimal mix of wildlife habitat acres, including spotted-owl-nesting habitat.