jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Formation of 2-D Crystalline Intermixed Domains at the Molecular Level in Binary Self-Assembled Monolayers from a Lyotropic Mixture

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

The organization and intermolecular interactions of mixed self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of 1-decanethiol (DT) and 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid (MUA) formed on Au(111) from a lyotropic medium have been studied by cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and infrared reflection–absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS) as a function of their surface composition. The presence of a single reductive desorption peak in the voltammograms and thiol surface coverages close to 7.6 × 10–10 mol/cm2 reveal the formation of homogeneous mixtures of both molecules in an upright configuration in the mixed SAMs. Despite this fact, two different distributions of the individual components have been found in these MUA-enriched SAMs according to their different electron transfer blocking behavior and conformational order shown by EIS and IRRAS results. At short modification times, MUA–MUA and DT–DT homomolecular interactions prevail during the assembly process, and nanodomains of like molecules are probably formed by kinetically trapped metastable states. On the other hand, MUA–DT heteromolecular interactions are predominant in the layers formed at the higher immersion time, leading to a crystalline-like conformational order of molecularly intermixed domains. A discussion based on the Bragg–Williams thermodynamic approach and on the role of the spatial distribution and charge state of the carboxyl terminal groups in the SAMs' organization is performed.
Understanding non-communicable diseases: combining health surveillance with local knowledge to improve rural primary health care in South Africa

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: NCDs are non-infectious, long-term conditions that account for 40 million deaths per annum. 87% of premature NCD mortality occurs in low- and middle-income countries. Objective: The aims were:develop methods to provide integrated biosocial accounts of NCD mortality; and explore the practical utility of extended mortality data for the primary health care system. Methods: We drew on data from research programmes in the study area. Data were analysed in three steps: [a]analysis of levels, causes and circumstances of NCD mortality [n = 4,166] from routine census updates including Verbal Autopsy and of qualitative data on lived experiences of NCDs in rural villages from participatory research; [b] identifying areas of convergence and divergence between the analyses; and [c]exploration of the practical relevance of the data drawing on engagements with health systems stakeholders. Results: NCDs constituted a significant proportion of mortality in this setting [36%]. VA data revealed multiple barriers to access in end-of-life care. Many deaths were attributed to problems with resources and health systems [21%;19% respectively]. The qualitative research provided rich complementary detail on the processes through which risk originates, accumulates and is expressed in access to end-of-life care, related to chronic poverty and perceptions of poor quality care in clinics. The exploration of practical relevance revealed chronic under-funding for NCD services, and an acute need for robust, timely data on the NCD burden. Conclusions: VA data allowed a significant burden of NCD mortality to be quantified and revealed barriers to access at and around the time of death. Qualitative research contextualised these barriers, providing explanations of how and why they exist and persist. Health systems analysis revealed shortages of resources allocated to NCDs and a need for robust research to provide locally relevant evidence to organise and deliver care. Pragmatic interdisciplinary and mixed method analysis provides relevant renditions of complex problems to inform more effective responses.
Stock Ranking Prediction Using List-Wise Approach and Node Embedding Technique

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Traditional stock movement prediction tasks are formulated as either classification or regression task, and the relation between stocks are not considered as an input of prediction. The relative order or ranking of stocks is more important than the price or return of a single stock for making proper investment decisions. Stock ranking performance can be improved by incorporating the stock relation information in the prediction task. We employ a graph-based approach for stock ranking prediction and use the stock relation information as the input of the machine learning model. Investors might be interested in the prediction performance of top- $k$ stocks as they would be more profitable than the others. Thus, the performance measure for stock ranking prediction should be top-weighted and bounded for any value of $k$ . Existing evaluation measures lack these properties, and we propose a new measure named normalized rank biased overlap for top- $k$ ( $NRBO\text{@}k$ ) stocks for stock ranking prediction. $NRBO\text{@}k$ -based investment strategy generates 0.281% to 4.928% higher relative investment gain than the topmost stock-based strategy. We show that the list-wise loss function can improve the stock ranking performance significantly in a graph-based approach. It generates better $NRBO\text{@}10$ than the combination of point-wise and pair-wise loss in three out of four cases. Node embedding techniques such as Node2Vec can reduce the training time of graph-based approaches for stock ranking prediction significantly. Additionally, we improve the prediction performance through hyperparameter tuning of Node2Vec when a sparse stock relation graph is applied.
Glow Curve Readout of LiF:Mg,Cu,P (GR-200) Chips at Maximum Temperatures Between 240 oC and 280 oC: Elimination of the Residual Signal

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Journal Article Glow Curve Readout of LiF:Mg,Cu,P (GR-200) Chips at Maximum Temperatures Between 240 oC and 280 oC: Elimination of the Residual Signal Get access L. Oster, L. Oster Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Y.S. Horowitz, Y.S. Horowitz Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar A. Horowitz (INVITED) A. Horowitz (INVITED) Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Radiation Protection Dosimetry, Volume 49, Issue 4, 1 October 1993, Pages 407–411, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.rpd.a081980 Published: 01 October 1993
Unintended consequences of discrimination litigation caps

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Abstract On July 14, 1992, the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) implemented a policy that caps punitive damage payouts from discrimination litigation at different employee counts allowing for a “difference‐in‐discontinuities” design. I find that these kink points incentivize firms to restrict their number of employees, which reduces their maximum discrimination litigation exposure to between 40% and 60% of their yearly median revenues. In turn, firm growth decreases for firms below these EEOC thresholds after the implementation of the policy. These firms reduce financing and are not motivated to decrease growth by relative changes in cash flows from discrimination risk exposure.
Waterborne transmission of Giardia and Cryptosporidium.

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Giardia and Cryptosporidium spp. are parasitic protozoa which are frequent etiologic agents of waterborne diseases. This lecture will summarize the main biological and environmental factors involved in the potential risk for waterborne transmission of giardiosis and cryptosporidiosis, which have caused many outbreaks in different geographical areas. In particular, the current epidemiological situation of these parasitoses in Italy will be analysed, on the basis of research carried out on humans and on the environment. Finally, current methods for evaluating the presence of Giardia cysts and Cryptosporidium oocysts in water and new methods for cyst/oocyst removal from drinking water and wastewater will be examined.
OTFS modulation exploration for robust 6G communications in high mobility scenarios

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Orthogonal Time-frequency-space (OTFS) modulation represents a pioneering advancement, tailored to the requirements of prospective sixth-generation (6G) wireless networks. The innovative design effectively addresses the challenges associated with high-frequency dispersion in wireless transmission environments, offering many advantages over traditional modulation schemes such as orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM). A notable advantage of OTFS is its ability to adapt to dynamic wireless channels with high Delay-Doppler (DD) dispersion, a capability that is not present in traditional frameworks. In contrast to conventional approaches, which assume near-channel stability over an OTFS frame, OTFS modulation is well-suited to environments where the input-output relationship may vary over time due to evolving media or environmental conditions. A comparative analysis with OFDM reveals that OTFS exhibits superior performance concerning the block error rate (BLER) as opposed to the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) across varying modulation formats, including QPSK, 16QAM, and 64QAM. Numerical simulations demonstrate that OTFS outperforms OFDM in mitigating transmission errors in diverse scenarios by exploring different reception rates for each waveform.
СИНДРОМ ЭМОЦИОНАЛЬНОГО ВЫГОРАНИЯ У МЕДИЦИНСКИХ РАБОТНИКОВ НА УРОВНЕ ПОЛИКЛИНИКИ

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

In recent years, the object of close attention of medicine and psychology has been the organization of the work of medical workers in connection with intense and often tense interpersonal communication, psychoemotional overloads leading to the onset of diseases, decreased ability to work and active period of life. The problem of professional stress, or «burnout syndrome» (BS) occupies an important place in the issue of the effective organization of work of such specialists [1]. The profession of a doctor requires physical health and psycho-emotional stability, because the daily work of medical workers is associated with the influence of complex stress factors, which leads to overload, rapid physiological and mental exhaustion.
The Usefulness of Senate Confirmation Hearings for Judicial Nominees: The Case of Ruth Bader Ginsburg

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In the September 1993 pages of this journal, I asked whether senators can illuminate the political and legal beliefs of Supreme Court nominees by questioning them at confirmation hearings (Comiskey 1993). Many observers of the confirmation process believe that a nominee's testimony can produce insights into the nominee's views that go beyond what is available from the nominee's public record. While such testimony has often proved barren in the past, these observers often express the view that better questioning of nominees can bring forth greater insights in the future (Carter 1988; Melone 1991; Rees 1983; Ross 1987). By contrast, I concluded that the political context in which Supreme Court nominations occur, the motives of participants in the confirmation process, and the incentives facing these participants will likely continue to inhibit illuminating testimony by nominees. Since my previous paper was written before last summer's hearings on the nomination of Ruth Bader Ginsburg, this article examines those hearings. In some respects, her testimony resembled that of most recent nominees. In at least one respect—her candor on abortion—her testimony was a major departure from that of all recent nominees with the partial exception of Robert Bork.
Problems of antibiotics and chemotherapy at the XIV session of the general meeting of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Heard 8 reports and speeches on them were in the nature of reviews of work carried out at the institutes of the Academy, with indications of the prospects for further research. In most of the reports and in the speeches in the debate, the imperfections of existing antibiotics and chemotherapy drugs were recognized, mainly due to the adaptation of microflora to them, changing their properties under their influence - prof. A. F. Bilibin, prof. Z. V. Ermolyeva et al., Such changes in microflora can be not only unprofitable, but even dangerous, since in this case forms of microorganisms that are not characteristic of humans (dysbacteriosis) arise, often activation and such reproduction of fungal flora are associated with this, which leads to to dangerous fungal diseases, for example, - candidiasis and candidomycosis (Prof. P. N. Kashkin).
Malignant Histiocytosis Resistant to Anthracycline

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A 36-year-old woman, presenting with fever, pancytopenia, hepatosplenomegaly, and striking effacement of the bone marrow by true malignant histiocytes, was found to have no benefit from the systemic administration of cyclophosphamide, vincristine sulfate, doxorubicin, prednisone, and high-dose methotrexate with calcium leucovorin rescue. Striking histologic and clinical improvement was noted after the administration of two cycles of etoposide and amsacrine, each cycle consisting of 100 mg/sq m/day of each agent for five days. We believe that this therapy should be considered for future patients demonstrating aggressive presentations of malignant histiocytosis.
Identification of Function LncRNAs Associated With Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors of the digestive tract. New diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers are urgently needed for HCC. To investigate potential pathogenic and prognostic long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) associated with HCC, we conduct this study. Material and Methods: Gene expression matrix were obtained from TCGA and GEO databases. The overlapping differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between TCGA and GEO databases were analyzed using the limma package. Then we constructed mRNA-lncRNA-miRNA network. In the end, Gene ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis and survival analysis were performed to find hub lncRNAs related to diagnosis and prognosis of HCC. Results: In total, 299 DEGs including 10 lncRNAs and 289 mRNAs were acquired. The mRNA-lncRNA-miRNA network comprised of four lncRNAs (GSEC, LINC00844, LINC01146 and MIR99AHG), 49 miRNAs and 25 mRNAs. GO and KEGG analysis shown that four lncRNAs were mainly enriched in cell cycle. In addition, survival analysis demonstrated that there is a significant correlation between GSEC and overall survival rate. Finally, the expression of LINC00844, LINC01146 and MIR99AHG were down-regulated in HCC tissues, and GSEC was up-regulated. Conclusion: In summary, four lncRNAs including GSEC, LINC00844, LINC01146 and MIR99AHG may play an important part in the development of HCC. The function of these lncRNAs may have a great effect to the overall survival rate of HCC.
Machine learning approaches for adequate prediction of flow resistance in alluvial channels with bedforms

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract In natural rivers, flow conditions are mainly dependent on flow resistance and type of roughness. The interactions among flow and bedforms are complex in nature as bedform dynamics primarily regulate the flow resistance. Manning's equation is the most frequently used equation for this purpose. Therefore, there is a need to develop alternate reliable techniques for adequate prediction of Manning's roughness coefficient (n) in alluvial channels with bedforms. Thus, the main objective of this study is to utilize machine learning (ML) models for predicting ‘n’ based on the six input features. The performance of ML models was assessed using Pearson's coefficient (R2), sensitivity analysis, Taylor's diagram, box plots, and K-fold method has been used for the cross-validation. Based on the output of the current work, models such as random forest, extra trees regression, and extreme gradient boosting performed extremely well (R2 ≥ 0.99), whereas, Lasso Regression models showed moderate efficiency in predicting roughness. The sensitivity analysis indicated that the energy grade line has a significant impact in predicting the roughness as compared to the other parameters. The alternate approach utilized in the present study provides insights into riverbed characteristics, enhancing the understanding of the complex relationship between roughness and other independent parameters.
The distribution of PBAN (pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide)-like immunoreactivity in the nervous system of the gypsy moth,Lymantria dispar

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

The production of sex pheromone in many moths is regulated by the neuropeptide PBAN (pheromone biosynthesis-activating neuropeptide). Studies in a number of species have shown that pheromone production can be linked to a hemolymph factor and that continuity in the ventral chain of ganglia is not required. However, it has recently been shown that production of pheromone in the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar, is largely prevented in females with a transected ventral nerve cord (VNC). To begin to understand the cellular basis for this dependence on the VNC, we sought to determine the distribution of PBAN in the central nervous system and its neurohemal sites, including those associated with the VNC. Using an antiserum to L. dispar-PBAN in immunocytochemical methods, we have mapped the distribution of PBAN-like immunoreactivity (PLI). PLI is found in three clusters of ventral midline somata in the subesophageal ganglion (SEG), in three clusters of midline cells in each segmental ganglion, and in bilateral pairs of cells located posterolaterally in each abdominal ganglion. The SEG cells comprise both interneurons, with endings in the neuropil of each segmental ganglion, as well as neurosecretory cells, with endings in the retrocerebral complex and in an unusual neurohemal structure near the anterior aspect of the SEG. The latter structure, which we have named the corpus ventralis, receives axons from the two anterior clusters of cells in the SEG. In the abdominal ganglia, the posterolateral clusters of cells have immunoretroreactive axons exiting the ganglia via the ventral nerves. Endings of these axons reach the perivisceral organ in the next posterior ganglion and pass anteriorly into the median nerve, forming additional varicose endings. We did not detect PLI in the terminal nerve. Thus, our findings raise the possibility that the requirement for an intact VNC in pheromone production reflects a role for descending regulation of neurosecretory cells in the segmental ganglia. Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. 34:391–408, 1997. Published 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc. 1 This article is a US Government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.
APPRAISAL OF THE SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL VARIATIONS OF THE SOIL MOISTURE PROFILE IN THE LONG FURROW IRRIGATION SYSTEM IN KENANA SUGARCANE PLANTATION

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

This study has been conducted at the sugarcane fields of Kenana Estate, Sudan in the long furrow irrigation system establis hed in a montmorillonitic clay soil, during the two successive seasons 2000 and 2001 seasons. In the 1 st season the study was carried out in the long-, medi um- and short-furrow length fields. Measurements were taken spatially at top, m iddle and end of each furrow length, and temporally during the growing se ason at the development (DEV ), middle (MID ) and maturity (MAT ) growth stages. For each stage soil moisture contents were determined gravimetrically before (Mb) and three days after irrigation (Ma). Sampling was done in five eq ual depths within the 0 to 100 cm soil profile. During the second season similar measurements were taken in the medium-furrow length field but sampling was first taken 3days after irrigation and then immediately prior to the next irrigation to determine the water depletion (consumptive use) of first ratoon crop. Studies revealed that the soil was composed of sand, silt and clay in the percentile r atios of 20.9, 14.8 and 64.3% respectively. This gave a field capacity (FC ) of 38.8% and a permanent wilting point ( PWP ) of 20.4% on weight basis. In the first season the Mb , FC and PWP data indicated that the irrigation was applied during the season with averages of 53.3, 48.3 and 26.1% available water depletion levels ( AWDL ) in the long-, medium-, and short-furrow fields respectively. In the second season the Ma and Mb data indicated that values for water depletion were 8.4, 4.8 and 5.6 mm/day for DEV, MID and MAT growth stages, respectively. Generally, the temporal variations
What Is Education For? A Discussion of Nussbaum’s Not for Profit: Why Democracy Needs the Humanities

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This article provides a discussion of the book, Not for Profit: Why Democracy Needs the Humanities by Martha C. Nussbaum from the perspective of a visiting scholar to the United States from China. It begins by addressing two critical topics discussed by Nussbaum: consequences of focusing only on economic growth and the importance of humanistic values. The article then incorporates the voices of other scholars as it considers implications of Nussbaum’s work. The article concludes by suggesting service-learning as a means of accomplishing the educational goals proposed by Nussbaum.
Dynamic Preconditioning of the Minimum September Sea-Ice Extent

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Abstract There has been an increased interest in seasonal forecasting of the Arctic sea ice extent in recent years, in particular the minimum sea ice extent. Here, a dynamical mechanism, based on winter preconditioning, is found to explain a significant fraction of the variance in the anomaly of the September sea ice extent from the long-term linear trend. To this end, a Lagrangian trajectory model is used to backtrack the September sea ice edge to any time during the previous winter and quantify the amount of sea ice advection away from the Eurasian and Alaskan coastlines as well as the Fram Strait sea ice export. The late-winter anomalous sea ice drift away from the coastline is highly correlated with the following September sea ice extent minimum . It is found that the winter mean Fram Strait sea ice export anomaly is also correlated with the minimum sea ice extent the following summer . To develop a hindcast model of the September sea ice extent—which does not depend on a priori knowledge of the minimum sea ice extent—a synthetic ice edge initialized at the beginning of the melt season (1 June) is backtracked. It is found that using a multivariate regression model of the September sea ice extent anomaly based on ice export from the peripheral Arctic seas and Fram Strait ice export as predictors reduces the error by 38%. A hindcast model based on the mean December–April Arctic Oscillation index alone reduces the error by 24%.