jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
In field study on immune-genes expression during a lactococcosis outbreak in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Italian rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) farms are periodically affected by outbreaks of lactococcosis caused by Lactococcus garvieae, and rearing basins reveal simultaneously asymptomatic and symptomatic fish. The present study, as part of an "in field" sanitary survey, was designed to describe the expression of immune related genes in infected versus healthy fish, as well as to explore a Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIR) as a novel approach to discriminate between them. Measurements/sampling were performed in a farm of Northern Italy and included two groups of fish (150–300 g), sharing the same basin: asymptomatic (n = 10) and symptomatic (n = 9). Fingerling (n = 5, 15 g) were also sampled from the farm internal hatchery and considered as L. garvieae-free reference group. NIR spectra were collected from the abdominal region of the fish through the SCiO molecular device. Spleen and head kidney were sampled for bacterial detection (PCR). Head kidney was also subjected to gene expression analysis (qPCR). Seven out of nine (7/9) symptomatic trout were L.garvieae positive (bacterial DNA) while all the asymptomatic (10/10) and fingerling (2/2) were L. garvieae negative. SCiO scanning provided two different spectral populations, almost coinciding with the two fish groups considered (asymptomatic and symptomatic). Among cytokines, IL-1β showed significant up-regulation in symptomatic group compared to asymptomatic group (P < 0.05) while IL-8 showed very high (P < 0.01) and high significant (P < 0.05) differences in its up-regulation in symptomatic group compared to asymptomatic group and fingerling, respectively. IL-10 showed a tendency of significant over-expressed in symptomatic fish compared to fingerling (P < 0.1). TCR-β showed significant (P < 0.05) down-regulation in symptomatic fish compared to asymptomatic ones and MHC-II resulted in down-regulation in a very significant (P < 0.01) manner in symptomatic trout compared to fingerling and asymptomatic. Concerning immunoglobulin genes expression, the level of mRNA transcript of IgT was significantly higher in symptomatic trout compared to fingerling (P < 0.05) and tended to be higher in asymptomatic trout compared to fingerling (P < 0.1). No significant differences were observed for IL-6, TNF-α, TLR5, MHC-I and IgM. In this study, a NIR based approach was used for the first time in the field of fish pathology/immunology with the aim of differentiating between healthy and diseased fish. Moreover, our results on immune related genes modulation highlighted how the outcome of a L. garvieae infection might be influenced by a specific gene expression pattern, which is crucial in the mode of action of trout immune system against L. garvieae.
[Clinical effect of Saccharomyces boulardii powder combined with azithromycin sequential therapy in treatment of children with diarrhea secondary to Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In the treatment of children with diarrhea secondary to Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia, Saccharomyces boulardii powder combined with azithromycin sequential therapy can improve clinical symptoms, shorten the length of hospital stay, reduce defecation frequency and the incidence of intestinal dysbacteriosis, and improve clinical outcomes, and does not increase the risk of adverse events.
A Tale of Two Cheeses: Parmesan, Cheddar, and the Politics of Generic Geographical Indications (GGIs)

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

\nThe difference between Geographical Indication (GI) and generic food terms is an important and highly contentious issue in international negotiations. This distinction is of significant importance to producers, manufacturers, consumers, and policy-makers all over the world because it means the difference between the restricted versus open use of certain popular terms in domestic and global markets. This thesis uses a food studies approach that employs cheese as a lens to understand the contested politics of Generic Geographical Indications (GGIs), which has been under-explored in the literature on GIs. Through case study and an analysis of written policy material and other documents, websites, blogs, artifacts, observations, and semi-structured interviews and discussions, it investigates the complex processes through which European and New World (NW) actors compete over the status – protected or generic - of cheese names, why this struggle is manifested in the case of Parmesan but not of Cheddar, and how we can better understand genericism within the context of GI policy. The thesis argues that actors guided by differing agricultural paradigms compete to secure the use of terms through oppositional discursive strategies of ‘gastro-panic’ where they appeal to a language of security in order to persuade policy-makers to take action against the perceived threatening actions of their opponents. It finds that unlike the contested term Parmesan no such panic has emerged surrounding Cheddar because its widespread use has not been interpreted as a threat to the ‘original.’ As well, genericism emerges as both a dynamic and socially-constructed concept subject to ongoing negotiation and contestation and a strategic discursive device used block the successful registration of proposed product names as GIs. The debate over cheese reveals the inherently political nature of the ways in which genuineness and genericness are constructed in an increasingly competitive marketplace.
Mass spectrometric analysis of synaptosomal membrane preparations for the determination of brain receptors, transporters and channels

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The molecular composition of synaptic signal transduction machineries shapes synaptic neurotransmission. The repertoire of receptors, transporters and channels (RTCs) comprises major signaling events in the brain. RTCs are conventionally studied by candidate immunohistochemistry and biochemistry, which are low throughput with resolution greatly affected by available immunoreagents and membrane interference. Therefore, a comprehensive resource of synaptic brain RTCs is still lacking. In particular, studies on the detergent‐soluble synaptosomal fraction, known to contain transporters and channels, are limited. We, therefore, performed sub‐synaptosomal fractionation of rat cerebral cortex, followed by trypsin/chymotrypsin sequential digestion of a detergent‐soluble synaptosomal fraction and a postsynaptic density preparation, stable‐isotope tryptic peptide labeling and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. Based on the current study, a total of 4784 synaptic proteins were submitted to the ProteomExchange database (PXD001948), including 274 receptors, 394 transporters/channels and 1377 transmembrane proteins. Function‐based classification assigned 1781 proteins as probable drug targets with 834 directly linked to brain disorders. The analytical approach identified 499 RTCs that are not listed in the largest, curated database for synaptosomal proteins (SynProt). This is a threefold RTC increase over all other data collected to date. Taken together, we present a protein discovery resource that can serve as a benchmark for future molecular interrogation of synaptic connectivity.
Relationship between Fas rs1800682 Gene Polymorphism and Susceptibility to Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS) is the most common endocrine aberration in women. PCOS is characterized by ovarian hyperandrogenism and anovulation resulted from a disorder of follicular maturation. Apoptosis is a regulatory mechanism for oocyte maturation and survival. Several studies have shown a possible role of Fas in ovarian apoptosis. The present study is the first investigation to examine the possible association of Fas rs1800682gene polymorphism with PCOS risk in Iranian women. Materials and Methods: This case-control study was conducted on 251 patients with PCOS and 213 healthy control women. The Fas rs1800682 gene polymorphism genotypes were analyzed using the Tetra-ARMS-PCR method. Also, logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the association between genotypes and PCOS risk. Results: There was a significant association between A allele and susceptibility to PCOS(OR =1.4, %95CI=1.08-1.83, p=0.011). Moreover, in the recessive genetic model for A allele, the AA genotype increased the risk of PCOS after adjusting age and body mass index(OR=1.6, %95CI=1.02-2.51, p=0.041). Conclusion: For the first time, this study showed that Fas rs1800682 polymorphism is associated with PCOS risk in Iranian women and the A allele may act as a recessive allele for increasing the risk of PCOS.
The Retro Superior Costotransverse Ligament Space as a New Target for Ultrasound-Guided Intertransverse Process Block: A Report of 2 Cases

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

An intertransverse process block (ITPB) is a paraspinal thoracic nerve block technique, where the local anesthetic (LA) is injected into the thoracic intertransverse tissue complex posterior to the superior costotransverse ligament (SCTL). Although an ITPB can be ultrasound-guided, it is performed using surrogate bony landmarks without even identifying the SCTL. This report describes a transverse ultrasound imaging technique to identify the retro-SCTL space and perform an ITPB with a retro-SCTL space injection, in 2 patients undergoing video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery. The resultant bilateral, symmetrical, thoracolumbar anesthesia was consistent with epidural spread of the LA and effective for perioperative analgesia.
Considerations When Calculating Percent Road Centre From Eye Movement Data in Driver Distraction Monitoring

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Percent road centre (PRC) is a performance indicator which is sensitive to driver distraction. The original definition of PRC is based on fixation data extracted from eye movement recordings, but it has also been suggested that PRC can be determined directly from the gaze data without segmenting it into saccades and fixations. The primary aim of this paper is to investigate if this is the case. Naturalistic driving data from a small scale field operational test comprising seven vehicles was used in the evaluation. It was found that PRC time traces based on gaze data and fixation data, respectively, were highly similar (correlation coefficient=0.95, average wavelet semblance=0.84) except for an absolute amplitude difference of about 8%. This indicates that the two approaches can be used interchangeably and that the processing step of segmenting gaze data into saccades and fixations can be left out. In addition to this finding, design issues related to the calculation of PRC are investigated. Especially, the impact of gaze cases pointing towards the intersection of the road centre area and the centre rear mirror were investigated. Results lead to conclude that gazes and fixations on the centre rear mirror should be removed from the PRC calculations, as they may negatively influence the correctness of the performance indicator.
Acute and chronic effects of streptomycin applied to the lateral semicircular canal.

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

In developing the technique of selective chemical vestibulectomy, the destructive effect of streptomycin on the hair cells of the inner ear was well established. However, in both animal and human studies, a rapid onset of the drug's vestibular inhibition was observed in addition to a more slowly developing long-term destructive effect. In previous laboratory studies, streptomycin had been given only by a systemic route, and only the chronic long-term effects had been observed. In this study, an isolated semicircular canal was prepared and streptomycin was placed into the perilymph bathing the canal. The spontaneous and evoked afferent nerve activity were recorded prior to streptomycin application, during application, and after a washout period. During streptomycin application, the activity of the semicircular canal was reversibly inhibited in a dose dependent manner. After a sufficient washout period (5-10 min), the preparation had completely recovered from the drug's effect. Thus, there are two phases in the vestibular inhibition by streptomycin: an early reversible phase that subsequently can transform into a later irreversible phase.
Performance Analysis of an Outer Rotor Variable Reluctance Resolver

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Variable reluctance resolver (VR-Resolver) is a robust electromagnetic sensor that provides position information for closed-loop control systems of permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs). For specific motion control applications, an outer rotor structure is presented for the VR-Resolver in this article with a nonoverlapping tooth-coil windings configuration to simplify the manufacturing process. The study on the structure of the proposed position sensor is carried out, followed by the description of the working principle. The presented outer rotor VR-Resolver is simulated and its performance is investigated in detail with the aid of transient finite-element analysis (TFEA). Sensitivity analysis is carried out on the rotor shape factors and slot opening, and the effect of manufacturing tolerances is investigated as well. Finally, the effectiveness of the optimal design is verified by 3-D TFEA.
Transmission and effect of sublethal infection of granulosis virus (PbGV) on Pieris brassicae Linn. (Pieridae: Lepidoptera)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract A strain of granulosis virus from Pieris brassicae (Linn.) was isolated and characterized from the dry temperate region of Himachal Pradesh, India situated at an altitude of 2580 m above msl. The pest appears in the region during the summer months (May to September) and overwinters as pupae during the snow covered winter months. Carry over of virus inoculum as sublethal infections, could be an important mechanism for next season epidemics in the region. Effect of sublethal P. brassicae granulovirus infection on its host was therefore studied to understand the transmission mechanism. The third instar larvae were exposed to sublethal viral infection. The surviving larvae showed symptoms of virosis in the pupal and adult stages. The per cent pupation and adult emergence of sublethally infected larvae were significantly reduced and no adult emerged from the abnormal pupae. The mode of transmission of viruses from parents to offspring appeared to be through eggs (transovum). The emerging larvae from the eggs laid by treated females also showed symptoms of virosis. Complete mortality due to viral infection was observed at third instar stage in the offspring (F 1 ). The amplification of granulin gene using specific primer also showed the presence of virus in F 1 progenies of sublethally treated P. brassicae larvae, hence confirming vertical transmission.
On the occurrence of the Neapolitan Yellow Tuff tephra in the Northern Phlegraean Fields offshore (Eastern Tyrrhenian margin; Italy)

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

A main volcanic marker has been identified for the first time on the continental shelf of the northern Phlegraean Fields in the Gulf of Gaeta (Campania region, eastern Tyrrhenian margin, Italy) by means of Subbottom Chirp profile grid and stratigraphic analysis of a core collected on the slope. In the seismic sections, the core bottom corresponds to the top of a continuous and parallel reflector (V) interbedded within the transgressive deposits of the Late Quaternary-Holocene depositional sequence. The Transgressive System Tract deposits are particularly thick compared to the majority of the transgressive deposits of other shelf settings. This might be due to the input of pyroclastic and volcaniclastic deposits related to the intense eruptive activity of the Campania Plain during the Late Pleistocene-Holocene time span. Undulations and pockmarks are the main morphological features of the sea floor and they might be linked to gas uprising, widely detected in the study area. The V reflector is located on the shelf from northeast to southwest at different depths, ranging from 10 ms (about 8 m) to 30 ms (about 25 m) below sea floor and it can be mapped down to the continental slope. The tephrostratigraphic analysis of this continuous reflector allowed to correlate it with the Neapolitan Yellow Tuff deposits emplaced at Phlegraean Fields at ca. 15 ka.
Integration of acoustic information in the perception of [s] ± stop clusters by children and adults

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

To compare the integration of acoustic information in phonetic perception by young children and adults, second formant frequency at voicing onset (F2 onset) and gap duration were varied as cues distinguishing ‘‘spa’’ and ‘‘sa.’’ Listeners performed same–different (AX) discrimination in four conditions. The gap of the standard (A) stimulus was always consistent with ‘‘spa;’’ gaps of the comparison (X) stimuli decreased in duration along a continuum, thus becoming more consistent with ‘‘sa.’’ In the two ‘‘one-cue’’ conditions, F2 onset was the same for the A and X stimuli. In the ‘‘two-cue cooperating’’ condition, F2 onset for stimulus A supported ‘‘spa,’’ and F2 onset for X stimuli supported ‘‘sa.’’ In the ‘‘two-cue conflicting’’ condition, F2 onset for stimulus A supported ‘‘sa,’’ and F2 onset for X stimuli supported ‘‘spa.’’ Results led to three conclusions: (1) Child and adult discrimination performance was similar overall, suggesting that the child-adult differences across conditions were not due to differences in general auditory ability. (2) The acoustic cues were integrated in phonetic perception, but acoustic differences were nonetheless accessible perceptually for AX discrimination. (3) However, these acoustic differences are less accessible to adults than to children after integration in phonetic perception. [Work supported by research Grant No. 5 RO1 DC 00633 from the NIDCD/NIH.]
ICONE15-10051 ESTIMATE OF CORE SHROUD TEMPERATURE BY MEANS OF A CFD-MODEL OF CORE BYPASS

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A power uprate of Forsmark's Unit 3 from 109 % to 125 % will be implemented during the 2010 refuelling outage. This uprate implies an increase in gamma heating of the core shroud which could lead to temperatures higher than the design thickness-mean temperature, 300℃, according to ASME regulations. To estimate the temperature distribution in the core shroud, a CFD model of the core bypass has been developed using the commercial code CFX 5. The model consists of the core bypass, from the lower core support plate up to the core grid, and the upper plenum, limited from above by the core shroud cover including the steam separator inlets. The bypass flow enters the computational domain at the level of the core support plate. The two-phase core flow enters the computational domain at the level of the core grid where it entrains and merges with the bypass flow. Both flows have been estimated through the POLCA code. The conjugate heat transfer at the core shroud inner wall comprises the gamma heating from the core, considered as volume distributed heat sources, and subcooled boiling of the bypass flow. The effect of subcooled boiling has been taken care of by using the model by Kurul and Podowski. Using a conservative gamma heat source distribution, leads to local temperatures slightly higher than the design temperature, with a maximum thickness-mean temperature that exceeds the temperature limit by approximately 4℃. If a higher temperature limit is accepted, the ASME regulations are not fulfilled, but the consequence is a minor change in the design stress intensity value Sm according to ASME. Using a somewhat realistic gamma heat source distribution, the results show that the maximum thickness-mean temperature is well below the design temperature.
Efficiency assessment of household water use

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

This paper presents a novel methodology for assessing the overall efficiency of indoor water uses in the household. The methodology comprises three main components of assessment: the evaluation based on efficient patterns, the comparison with peers grouped by clustering techniques and the performance of water use devices based on penalty functions. A water use index is calculated for individual households for each component; this index can be used to compare and to rank the performance of different households. The most representative results from a real life case study composed of 43 households are presented herein. The proposed methodology can support urban demand managers to identify low efficiencies, to set viable water efficiency targets, to calculate potential water savings and, subsequently, to implement water demand management strategies customized to less-efficient water use devices and to groups of consumers with specific socio-demographic characteristics.
Redefining graduate employability and work-integrated learning: Proposals for effective higher education in disrupted economies

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Employability features more prominently on the agenda of higher education institutions when the economy falters or changes: the majority of students, and their families, expect a degree to deliver a career pathway as well as an education. This paper explores some of the trends and predictions in the rapidly changing world of work and proposes a re-worked definition of employability (based on Yorke’s widely-accepted definition from 2006): that employability means that students and graduates can discern, acquire, adapt and continually enhance the skills, understandings and personal attributes that make them more likely to find and create meaningful paid and unpaid work that benefits themselves, the workforce, the community and the economy. Likewise, work-integrated learning requires sharper definition than an ‘umbrella term’. This paper proposes that work-integrated learning includes a range of learning tasks that either resemble those expected of working graduates in their early careers, or are proximal to the workplaces or spaces, physical or digital, where professional work occurs. Determining the appropriate spread of tasks across a degree is best done by mapping assessments, ensuring there are more high level tasks in the latter years so that students are prompted to focus on the skills, understandings and personal attributes that make them more likely to find and create meaningful paid and unpaid work that benefits themselves, the workforce, the community and the economy.
An Empirical Investigation of Competitive Exam Based Selection and Placement of Managerial Public Officials in Vietnam: Is It a Cure or a Curse?

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Competitive exams, selection, and placement of high-ranking public officials used to be resorted only by Vietnam’s feudal dynasties. After half a century of abandonment, this practice seems to have made its spectacular comeback in the recent decade. In a quest for high caliber public personnel, the Vietnamese government believes that competitiveness-base exams would help select, recruit and place right public servants into the right job. This research was conducted to figure out to what extent the selected high-ranking post holders were different from the public service employers. Based on face-to-face interviews with candidates and the heads of public services employers who were going to place the selected ones onto the managerial posts, data were gathered for Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analysis with the use of structured 5 point-Likert scale questionnaire in the field surveys. Findings showed that there existed a difference in the perceptions towards the fairness of the competitive exams among these two types of interviewees. By comparing SEM coefficients, several recommendations were drawn for policy makers and managers to modernize this type of recruitment, selection and placement of managerial public servants on the intended job positions.