jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Sun glitter imagery of surface waves. Part 2: Waves transformation on ocean currents

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Under favorable imaging conditions, the Sentinel-2 Multi-Spectral Instrument (MSI) can provide spectacular and novel quantitative ocean surface wave directional measurements in satellite Sun Glitter Imagery (SSGI). Owing to a relatively large-swath with high-spatial resolution (10 m), ocean surface roughness mapping capabilities, changes in ocean wave energy, and propagation direction can be precisely quantified at very high resolution, across spatial distances of 10 km and more. This provides unique opportunities to study ocean wave refraction induced by spatial varying surface currents. As expected and demonstrated over the Grand Agulhas current area, the mesoscale variability of near-surface currents, documented and reconstructed from satellite altimetry, can significantly deflect in-coming south-western swell systems. Based on ray-tracing calculations, and unambiguously revealed from the analysis of Sentinel-2 MSI SSGI measurements, the variability of the near-surface current explains significant wave-current refraction, leading to wavetrapping phenomenon and strong local enhancement of the total wave energy. In addition to its importance for wave modeling and hazard prediction, these results open new possibilities to combine different satellite measurements and greatly improve the determination of the upper ocean mesoscale vorticity motions.\n
Effect of agronomic measures on population dynamics of sweet potato stem nematode(Ditylenchus destructor)

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The effects of agronomic measures on the dynamics of Ditylenchus destructor population was investigated at a 5-continuous-year sweet potato experimental site. The results show that the population of D. destructor for treatments with crop rotation, crop rotation and film mulch, and crop rotation and film mulch with resistant plant variety is lower than that of the control. The agronomic measures of crop rotation, crop rotation and film mulch, and crop rotation and film mulch with resistant plant variety decreases D. destructors population in the soil by 37.24%, 49.45% and 54.33%, and yield of sweet potato remarkably increases by 130.34%, 132.74% and 161.73% respectively. However, cover crops like rye do not significantly reduce D. destructor population. Under cover crops, D. destructors average population in the soil decreases only by 23.26% whereas sweet potato yield remarkably increases by 83.26%. Correlation analysis shows that D. destructors average population in the soil negatively correlates with yield increase, while it positively correlates with morbidity and disease index of sweet potato, with correlation coefficients of -0.978 9, 0.958 1 and 0.975 4 respectively. Treatment of crop rotation and film mulch with resistant plant variety is recommended since it inhibit D. destructor population growth most significant.
Diffuse large B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma in the vulnerable/frail elderly. A multicentric randomized phase II trial from the GOELAMS/LYSA group.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

e20523 Background: Many elderly patients with DLBCL cannot tolerate R-CHOP. The objective of this randomized phase II trial was to assess in frail older patients efficacy of two regimens, R-COP (standard R-CHOP without doxorubicin) and R-COPY (R-COP + liposomal doxorubicin- Myocet at 40 mg/m² IV at d1), associated with comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA). Methods: DLBCL patients aged ≥ 70 years with stage II-IV disease, poor physiological functioning [performance status (PS) 3 or left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) < 50% or creatinine clearance (CrCl) < 50 ml/mn or serum bilirubine (SB) < 30µmol/l or severe comorbidities (SCom)] were included and received R-COP or R-COPY for 6 cycles then 2 cycles of rituximab. CGA was performed in all patients. Geriatric intervention was allowed. Results: Patients were considered frail for the following reasons: PS 3 (47.8%), low CrCl (64.2%), low LVEF and SCom (11.9% each) or high SB (3%). Overall, 83.6% of patients had 2 or 3 adverse prognostic factors according to the aaIPI. CGA was frequently impaired: Basic (39%) or Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (66%), Mini Nutritional Assessment (64%) or Geriatric Depression Scale (42%). After accrual of 20 patients in each arm, R-COPY, with a 60% CR-CRu rate, was stopped because of excess severe toxicity (ST) [febrile neutropenia (FN) and toxic death]. R-COP was pursued up to 47 patients: at the end of treatment, CR+CRu rate was 40.4% but 10 patients experienced ST. 48.9% of R-COP patients did not complete treatment because of progression, death or toxicity. With a median follow-up of 29 months, 2-year survival rates were 39.4% and 50% in the R-COP and R-COPY arms respectively. Overall, among the 14 FN events, only one died from toxicity which may lead to reconsider our ST definition. Conclusions: None of the two regimens appear appropriate in this population of frail elderly but R-COPY is more efficient and toxicity with mainly FN may be manageable. Yet the most frail patients should be identified by CGA at baseline and treated palliatively. However, efforts should be pursued to identify appropriate combinations of targeted treatments with improved efficacy-toxicity ratio. Clinical trial information: NCT00911183.
Influence of mechanical pressure on space charge penetration behavior in low-density polyethylene (LDPE) sheet

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Space charge penetration into bulk of cable insulation is known as the cause of insulation breakdown thus affecting the cable power delivery capability. Penetration of packet-like positive space charge enhances local field and when the field increases up to 5 MV/cm before breakdown occurs. Exactly before the breakdown occurs, space charge penetration seems stagnant as it is prevented to penetrate further into cathode. The generated Maxwell force is assumed to press the free volume of the insulation thus reducing the size of the free volume itself. A pulsed-electroacoustic (PEA) equipment capable to press the sample up to 5 ton is developed. Sample used in this study is a 150 pm low-density polyethylene (LDPE) sheet. The sample is stressed with positive dc voltage so that the mean applied field is equal to 1.5 MV/cm. The range of pressure applied to the sample is from 0 MPa and 32 MPa. The penetration gradually reduces with the increase of pressure. Sample pressed with 32 MPa showed the least penetration depth as little as 5 % of the sample thickness. As a comparison, space charge penetration of sample with 0 MPa pressure is as depth as 85 % of the sample thickness. This shows that space charge penetration is restricted when sample is pressed. The result obtained shows that it requires at least 24 MPa to suppress space charge penetration.
Lower Airway Rhinovirus Burden and the Seasonal Risk of Asthma Exacerbation

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Rationale: Most asthma exacerbations are initiated by viral upper respiratory illnesses. It is unclear whether human rhinovirus (HRV)– induced exacerbations are associated with greater viral replication and neutrophilic inflammation compared with HRV colds. Objectives: To evaluate viral strain and load in a prospective asthma cohort during a natural cold. Methods: Adults were enrolled at the first sign of a cold, with daily monitoring of symptoms, medication use, and peak expiratory flow rateuntil resolution. Serialnasal lavageand inducedsputumsamples were assessed for viral copy number and inflammatory cell counts. Measurements andMainResults: A total of 52personswith asthmaand 14control subjectswithout atopyor asthmawere studied for over 10 weeks per subject on average; 25 participants developed an asthma exacerbation. Detection of HRVs in the preceding 5 days was the most common attributable exposure related to exacerbation. Com-
Bacterial community function increases leaf growth in a pitcher plant experimental system

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

ABSTRACT Across diverse ecosystems, bacteria and their hosts engage in complex relationships having negative, neutral, or positive interactions. However, the specific effects of leaf-associated bacterial community functions on plant growth are poorly understood. Although microbes can promote plant growth through various biochemical mechanisms, investigating the community’s functional contributions to plant growth remains to be explored. To address this gap, we characterized the relationships between bacterial community function and host plant growth in the purple pitcher plant ( Sarracenia purpurea ). The main aim of our research was to investigate how different bacterial community functions affect the growth and nutrient content in the plant. Previous research has suggested that microbial communities aid in prey decomposition and subsequent nutrient acquisition in carnivorous plants, including S. purpurea . However, the specific functional roles of bacterial communities in plant growth and nutrient uptake are not well known. In this study, sterile, freshly opened pitchers were inoculated with three functionally distinct, pre-assembled bacterial communities. Bacterial community composition and function were measured over 8 weeks using physiological assays, metagenomics, and metatranscriptomics. Distinct community functions affected plant traits; a bacterial community enriched in decomposition was associated with larger leaves with almost double the biomass of control pitchers. Physiological differences in bacterial communities were supported by metatranscriptomics; for example, the bacterial community with the highest chitinase activity had greater expression of transcripts associated with chitinase enzymes. The relationship between bacterial community function and plant growth observed here indicates potential mechanisms, such as chitinase activity, for host-associated bacterial functions to support pitcher plant growth. IMPORTANCE This study addresses a gap in understanding the relationships between bacterial community function and plant growth. We inoculated sterile, freshly opened pitcher plant leaves with three functionally distinct bacterial communities to uncover potential mechanisms through which bacterial functions support plant health and growth. Our findings demonstrate that distinct community functions significantly influence plant traits, with some bacterial communities supporting more plant growth than in control pitchers. These results highlight the ecological roles of microbial communities in plants and thus ecosystems and suggest that nutrient cycling is an important pathway through which microbes support host plant health. This research provides valuable insights into plant-microbe interactions and the effects of diverse microbial community functions.
‘Norm’ and ‘exception’

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

In this chapter, the author examines the unity between 'norm' and 'exception' as different forms of exercise of public power. He argues that both 'norm' and 'exception' are essential forms for the reproduction of bourgeois rule and that the change from one form to the other is contingent upon the intensification of socio-economic antagonisms. This argument is pursued based on an examination of the transition from the Weimar Republic to the Nazi state form, as reflected in the work of Carl Schmitt. Schmitt's work will be assessed as a unified whole in its socio-economic and political context. During the interwar period in Germany, two major changes took place: one relating to the structure of the state and the other to the theory of the state. The fundamental differences and nuances between the 'normal' and the 'exceptional' forms of exercise of public power is the point of departure of this analysis.
The classification of $p$-divisible groups over $2$-adic discrete valuation rings

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Let O K be a 2-adic discrete valuation ring with perfect residue field k.We classify p-divisible groups and p-power order finite flat group schemes over O K in terms of certain Frobenius modules over S := W (k) [[u]].We also show the compatibility with crystalline Dieudonné theory and associated Galois representations.Our approach differs from Lau's generalization of display theory, who independently obtained our result using display theory.
Clinical study on the association of circulating endothelial progenitor cells with stroke and cerebrovascular risk factors

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To investigate whether the number of the endothelial progenitor cells(EPC) might be associated with stroke and cerebrovascular risk factors.Methods EPC were identified as the CD133/KDR double positive cells by flow cytometry analysis.The number of circulating EPC was analyzed in 74 patients with acute stroke and in 29 healthy subjects.Serum lipids and high-sensitive CRP(hs-CRP) were measured with automated biochemical machine.Results After adjustment for age,sex,systolic blood pressure and serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,stroke patients had a significant lower number of EPC and a higher level of hs-CRP compared with healthy subjects(P0.01).The number of circulating EPC was inversely(P0.001) correlated with age,systolic and diastolic pressures,serum total cholesterol,triglyceride,(LDL-C,) and hs-CRP,but not with sex and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(P0.36).Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that systolic blood pressure and LDL-C independently correlated with the EPC number, respectively.Conclusion The diminished circulating EPC was associated with acute stroke.Systolic blood pressure and LDL-C are significant and independent factors that may influence the number of circulating EPC.
Implementasi Gerakan Literasi Sekolah dalam Menumbuhkan Minat Membaca dan Menulis Pada Pembelajaran PAI

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Education is basically to form and create quality human resources, but the problem that exists in the world of education is the low quality of education at every level and unit of education. So in this world of education the importance of literacy as an effort to build a generation of people with broad insight and virtuous character. The purpose of this study was to determine the various kinds of school literacy programs in fostering interest in reading and writing in students. To answer various problems how to implement, and what are the population factors and share barriers to the implementation of the school literacy movement at SDN Baujeng 1. The approach used is descriptive qualitative method. The results showed that implementation was realized through the implementation of reading activities, the supporting factor was the active role of students and the inhibiting factor, namely: the condition of the book that was not feasible. The solution to overcome the implementation problem is to create a reading study group and provide proper facilities, as well as provide a reading corner room, providing motivation to students at SDN Baujeng 1.
Soybean Response to 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylate Deaminase-Producing <i>Pseudomonas</i> under Field Soil Conditions

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

<b>Problem Statement:</b> 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylate (ACC) deaminase-producing \nbacteria have been known to promote plant growth by decreasing ethylene inhibition of various plant \nprocesses. However, their efficacy under field soil conditions may vary depending on the range and \nvariability of the environmental factors. This study examined the ability of eight promising isolates of \nACC deaminase-producing <i>Pseudomonas</i> to enhance soybean growth under acidic and low fertility \nstatus of field soil conditions. <b>Approach:</b> The bacteria were formulated into peat-based carrier and \nused to inoculate soybean seeds. Cell viability in the carrier was evaluated periodically. The number of \nbacterial population at the time of seed inoculation was above 10<sup>7</sup> cell g<sup>-1</sup>. Treated and untreated seeds \nwere grown in plots (5&times;4 m<sup>2</sup>) and set in a randomized complete block design with 3 replicates. \nObservations were made at 30 d after planting for shoot height and weight, number of nodules and at \nharvesting for number of pods and yield. <b>Results:</b> Three out of eight isolates significantly increased \nsoybean growth exhibited by higher number of nodules and pod filling and higher seed dry weight than \nthose of untreated control. Those five remaining bacteria, on the contrary, inhibited soybean growth \nindicating that other unknown external factors influenced or covered the beneficial trait of ACC \ndeaminase. <b>Conclusion:</b> Bacteria having ACC deaminase activities could be truly plant growth \npromoting bacteria providing that their beneficial effects are consistent at a wide range of \nenvironmental conditions.
Effects of spermine and NAA on adventitious root formation in excised cucumber cotyledons

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The adventitious roots could be frequently induced in excised cucumber cotyledons cultured with only some twice-distilled water,the peak value of adventitious root formation in excised cucumber cotyledonary nodes of 7 d seedlings appeared within 4~6 d after culture. Different cutting methods had a great effect on adventitious root formation in excised cucumber cotyledons. The best was the cotyledonary node. The second was the whole cotyledon and the worst was half the cotyledon. 5.0 mg/L Spm had some promotive effect on adventitious root formation in excised cucumber cotyledonary nodes,but it didn't reach the striking level. 1.0 mg/L Spm and 10.0 mg/L Spm had some restrainable effect on adventitious root formation in excised cucumber cotyledonary nodes. 0.01 mg/L NAA had striking promotive effect on adventitious root formation, 0.1 mg/L NAA was not good for adventitious root formation.
How are efforts allocated in schizophrenia? A meta-analysis of effort-cost decision-making studies

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Importance: Motivational impairments in schizophrenia are by definition associated with poor outcome. It is postulated that the reduction of goal-directed behavior arises from abnormal tradeoffs between rewards and efforts. Objective: To determine whether schizophrenia is associated with impairments in effort-cost decision-making. Data Sources: The PubMed, EMBASE and PsycINFO databases (up to July 2021) were searched for studies that investigated effort-cost decision-making in schizophrenia (search terms included ‘effort’, ‘cost’ and ‘schizophrenia’). Study Selection: Consensual criteria for inclusion were peer-reviewed studies using an effort-cost decision-making behavioral paradigm and comparing subjects with schizophrenia to controls. Data Extraction and Synthesis: PRISMA guidelines were used for abstracting data. Data were extracted independently by two authors and then pooled using random-effects sizes and Bayesian approaches. Effects of moderators were tested with meta-regressions and sub-group analyses. Main Outcome(s) and Measure(s): Performance on effort-cost decision-making tasks requiring an effort-reward trade-off.Results: Nineteen studies involving 757 subjects with schizophrenia and 589 controls were included. Subjects with schizophrenia exhibited significantly reduced willingness to expend effort for rewards compared to controls (ESg(k=19) = 0.43 [0.29:0.57]; P &lt; .0000001; I² = 36.8%, Q-test P = 0.06; BF10 = 3386). The magnitude of the deficit was significantly higher for high reward trials. Subjects with high levels of negative symptoms exhibited reduced willingness to expend effort for rewards compared to subjects with low negative symptoms (ESg(k=5) = 0.47 [0.1:0.84]; P = 0.013). The meta-regressions did not reveal any significant effect of the intensity of negative symptoms and antipsychotic daily dosage on altered effort-cost computation. Sub-group analyses did not reveal any effect of the type of effort (cognitive vs. physical) and paradigm on effort-cost decision-making performance.Conclusions and Relevance: Schizophrenia is reliably associated with deficits in effort allocation as indexed by effort-cost decision-making tasks. Understanding the cognitive and neurobiological mechanisms driving effort allocation impairments may assist in developing novel interventions.
FIGURE 2 in A new species of Belostoma Latreille (Insecta: Hemiptera: Belostomatidae) from Brazil long-housed at the Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia"

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

FIGURE 2. Principal Component Analysis showing the species of the fittkaui group, along with Belostoma bergi (Montandon) and B. costalimai De Carlo, B. dilatatum (Dufour), and B. gestroi Montandon in two-dimensional morphospace of 15 continuous characters. Belostoma utiaritiensis Stefanello sp. nov. is represented by the black star.
Small in size, great in significance: conspicilla and perspicilla in the visual arts of the Low Countries around 1600

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

A largely forgotten constcamer painting from the early seventeenth century shows eyeglasses and a telescope in close proximity. The inclusion of these extensions of sight in The Five Senses of the Musée Magnin (Dijon) seems to allude to the implicit link between the two. As tools to observe with and through, these instruments visualize the limits of human perception and the ability to alter the scale of the visible world. The Five Senses was created in Antwerp around the same time the telescope first appeared in textual sources, namely 1608. However, the optical instrument is likely to have existed for years by then. This paper investigates if any references to the telescope in the visual arts predate the first written evidence of its invention. For artists the early telescope was probably not that challenging an object to represent. The exterior, a simple tube characterized by a diaphragm, housed two lenses made by the same glass industry that manufactured eyeglasses. This paper takes a closer look at the imagery of eyeglasses and telescopes, depicted in the visual arts of the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries. The meaning assigned to these instruments can be inferred from the context in which they are presented and their relative scale. Together eyeglasses and telescopes feature prominently in constcamer paintings dedicated to visual perception, understood both physically and metaphysically. While the exact date of creation remains subject to debate, The Five Senses probably contains the earliest known depiction of a telescope – true to scale.
Social Media’s Role in Achieving Marketing Goals in Iran during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This article explores the impact of social media (SM) on the marketing goals of organizations in Iran during the COVID-19 pandemic. We examine the extent to which firms utilize social media marketing to promote their products in Iran compared to the pre-COVID-19 era. The validity and reliability of the 279 survey results are confirmed using internal and external validity and Cronbach’s alpha. The results show that there is a significant positive relationship between the use of SM and the distraction level. Moreover, the gender of the marketer has an impact on the perceived usefulness and application of SM. Finally, a positive effect of working hours per day on the SM usage and the marketing performance is observed. Despite a negative distraction effect, there is no evidence of reduced marketing performance. This research could help organizations to influence the purchasing processes of customers more effectively and at a lower cost.