jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Hepatic microsomal cytochrome P450 enzyme activity in relation to in vitro metabolism/inhibition of polychlorinated biphenyls and testosterone in Baltic grey seal (Halichoerus grypus)

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Among other factors, cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzyme activity determines polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) bioaccu-mulation, biotransformation, and toxicity in exposed species. We measured the oxidative metabolism in vitro of 12 PCB congeners, representing structural groups based on the number and position of the chlorine atoms, by the hepatic microsomes of one Baltic grey seal (Halichoerus grypus). Microsomal metabolism was observed for several PCBs with vicinal H atoms exclusively in the ortho and meta positions and without any ortho-Cl substituents (CB-15 [4,4′-Cl2] and CB-77 [3,3′,4,4′-Cl4]), vicinal meta and para-H atoms (CB-52 [2,2′,5,5′-Cl4], and −101 [2,2′,4,5,5′-Cl5]) or with both characteristics in combination with either only one ortho-Cl (CB-26 [2,3′,5-Cl3], CB-31 [2,4′,5-Cl3]) or two ortho-Cl substituents (CB-44 [2,2′,3,5′-Cl4]). To allocate PCB biotransformation to specific CYPs, the inhibitive effect of compounds with known CYP-specific inhibition properties was assessed on in vitro PCB metabolism and on regio- and stereospecific testosterone hydroxylase activities. Metabolic inhibition was considered relevant at concentrations ≤1.0 μM because these inhibitors became decreasingly selective at higher concentrations. At &lt;1.0 μM, ellipticine (CYP1A1/2 inhibitor) selectively inhibited CB-15, −26, −31, and −77 metabolism, with no significant inhibition of CB-44, −52, and −101 metabolism. Inhibition of CB-52 and −101 metabolism by chloramphenicol (CYP2B inhibitor) started at 1.0 μM and maximized at about 100% at 10 μM. Ketoconazole (CYP3A inhibitor) appeared to selectively inhibit CB-26, −31, and −44 metabolism relative to CB-15, −77, and −52 at concentrations ≤1.0 μM. Major testosterone metabolites formed in vitro were 2β-(CYP3A), 6β- (CYP3A, CYP1A), and 16β- (CYP2B) hydroxytestosterone and androstenedione (CYP2B, CYP2C11). The CYP forms indicated are associated with the specific metabolism of testosterone in laboratory animals. Inhibition of 2β- and 6β-hydroxytestosterone formation at ellipticine and ketoconazole concentrations ≤1.0μM suggested that both inhibitors were good substrates of CYP3A-like enzymes in grey seal. Chloramphenicol (model for CYP2B) is apparently not a good inhibitor of CYP1A and CYP3A activities in grey seal because the chemical did not inhibit any metabolic route of testosterone at concentrations from 0.1 to 10 μM. Our findings demonstrated that at least CYP1A- and CYP3A-like enzymes in the liver of grey seals are capable of metabolizing PCBs with ortho-meta and/or meta-para vicinal hydrogens. A CYP2B form might also be involved, but this could not be proven by the results of our experiments. Defining the profiles of CYP enzymes that are responsible for PCB biotransformation is necessary to fully understand the bioaccumulation, toxicokinetics, and risk of PCB exposure in seals and other free-ranging marine mammals.
Nurses' medication administration practices at two Singaporean acute care hospitals

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract This study examined registered nurses' overall compliance with accepted medication administration procedures, and explored the distractions they faced during medication administration at two acute care hospitals in S ingapore. A total of 140 registered nurses, 70 from each hospital, participated in the study. At both hospitals, nurses were distracted by personnel, such as physicians, radiographers, patients not under their care, and telephone calls, during medication rounds. Deviations from accepted medication procedures were observed. At one hospital, the use of a vest during medication administration alone was not effective in avoiding distractions during medication administration. Environmental factors and distractions can impact on the safe administration of medications, because they not only impair nurses' level of concentration, but also add to their work pressure. Attention should be placed on eliminating distractions through the use of appropriate strategies. Strategies that could be considered include the conduct of education sessions with health professionals and patients about the importance of not interrupting nurses while they are administering medications, and changes in work design.
A Basic Construction Concept for Space Structure Systems Using Active Connecting Elements

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A basic construction concept for space structure systems using homogeneous modules with active connecting elements is introduced. From various considerations on erectable construction and deployment one, possible construction senarios for especially large structure systems are investigated. Some hardware designs of active connecting elements to realize the concept are carried out. Simuration result is also shown, in which many modules can move by themselves based on local information under the cellular automata rules to form an object configuration.
In vitro studies of a prolactin antagonist, hPRL-G129R in human breast cancer cells.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Human prolactin (hPRL) has been shown to be one of the important survival/growth factors that promotes the proliferation of breast cancer cells in an autocrine/paracrine manner. In our recent studies, we demonstrated that a hPRL antagonist with a single amino acid substitution mutation (hPRL-G129R) was able to inhibit breast cancer cell proliferation via induction of apoptosis (1). In this study three independent yet related experiments were carried out regarding the effects of hPRL-G129R in breast cancer cells. We investigated the possible mechanism(s) of hPRL-G129R induced apoptosis in breast cancer cells. It is well documented that transforming growth factors (TGF) in conjunction with hormones such as estrogen and PRL play a major role in modulating the proliferation and apoptosis of mammary cells. We first investigated the relationships between hPRL/hPRL-G129R and TGFs. We show that hPRL is able to down-regulate TGF beta 1 (apoptotic factor) secretion and up-regulate TGF alpha (survival factor) secretion in a dose-dependent manner in T-47D cells. More importantly the hPRL antagonist up-regulates TGF beta 1 and down-regulates TGF alpha secretion. When hPRL-G129R was applied together with hPRL, it blocked the effects of hPRL. Secondly, we tested the possible involvement of caspases in hPRL-G129R induced apoptosis. We have shown that caspase-3 is activated by hPRL-G129R at a concentration of 250 ng/ml in T-47D breast cancer cells. Thirdly, we explored the additive effects of an anti-neoplastic drug, cisplatin, with the hPRL-G129R in T47D breast cancer cells. We show that cisplatin and hPRL-G129R when applied together resulted in about 40% growth inhibition in T-47D cells.
Amethyst NSCLC trial: Phase 2, parallel-arm study of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) inhibitor, MGCD265, in patients (pts) with advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with activating genetic alterations in mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (MET).

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

TPS9099 Background: MGCD265 is an oral, potent, small molecule RTK inhibitor of MET and Axl, which are important for mediating signals for cell growth, survival, and migration. MET mutations and/or gene amplification have been reported in approximately 7% of NSCLC and function as oncogenic drivers that promote cancer development and progression. MET splice site mutations that result in the deletion of exon 14 (METex14del) represent a novel class of genetic alterations that have been implicated as oncogenic drivers in a subset of NSCLC. METex14del contains the Y1003 CBL ubiquitin ligase regulatory binding site that mediates CBL-dependent MET degradation and signal attenuation. Deletion of this region results in sustained activation of MET and its downstream signaling pathways. MGCD265 has demonstrated anti-tumor efficacy with robust tumor regression in xenograft models of METex14del and MET amplification. Additionally, confirmed partial responses have been observed in pts with MET-altered NSCLC treated with MGCD265 in the Phase 1 setting. Methods: This global Phase 2 trial is enrolling pts with NSCLC characterized by activating genetic MET alterations in tumor tissue or blood and who have received at least one prior platinum-containing regimen for advanced disease. Pts will be enrolled to one of four study arms based on the type of MET dysregulation: 1) mutations in tissue, 2) amplification in tissue, 3) mutations in blood, and 4) amplification in blood. The primary endpoint is Objective Response Rate (ORR) in accordance with RECIST 1.1; a Bayesian Predictive Probability Design is applied independently to each treatment arm. Secondary objectives are safety and tolerability, response duration, survival, correlations between tissue and blood testing, and PK/PD. Pts are treated with MGCD265 in 21-day cycles until RECIST-defined progression or unacceptable toxicity. The study is open for enrollment and recruitment is ongoing. Clinical trial information: NCT02544633.
Interactive lung and colon cancer detection platform

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Lung cancer and Colon cancer are a leading cause of death worldwide, accounting for nearly 10 million deaths in 2020 which is the second leading death worldwide. Cancer can be reduced through early detection and appropriate treatment. Many cancers have a high chance of cure if diagnosed early and treated appropriately. This paper proposes an easy-to-use interactive Lung And Colon Cancer Detecting Platform (LANCET) to detect lung and colon cancers and communicate the diagnostic results with the users. The proposed system includes a Lung and Colon Cancer Classification Module (LACONIC), a Diagnostic Information and Health Suggestion Providing Chatbot (NINTENDO), and an Easy-To-Use Lung and Colon Cancer Detection Web Application (ANACONDA). For the LACONIC, we resize and split the dataset, and then we use transfer learning to classify lung and colon histopathological images and yield predictions. Using Natural Language Toolkit (NLTK) for the NINTENDO, we train a chatbot that can generate human-like conversation and communicate with users fluently. Finally, the ANACONDA allows patients to select images and get feedback along with suggestions. The systematic tests and validations show that our integrated system is an easy-to-use way of detecting potential cancer and providing health suggestions with high accuracy.
Developing a secure healthcare information network on the Internet.

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Healthcare professionals across the country are using the Internet for a variety of activities, including the transmission of medical record data via e-mail. The transmission of confidential information, however, is a serious concern of healthcare consumers, providers, and payers alike. At Indiana University School of Medicine, security on the Internet is no longer a concern. The Internet is, in fact, the heart of a healthcare information network currently in development for the Indianapolis area. A complex set of encryption/decryption algorithms and user identifier and private passwords currently in development should greatly reduce the risk of security breach on the network.
Combined effects of oxygen, partial vacuum, temperature, humidity and gamma radiation on mating competitiveness of culex pipiens complex l. Males

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

عندما عرضت عذارى ذكور بعوضة الكيولكس ببينز لأشعة جاما (60 جراي) أو الاكسجين أو التفريغ الجزئي (0.1 تورشيلي) أو الحرارة المنخفضة (10م) لمدة ساعتين أو للرطوبة النسبية (31%) لمدة 3 ساعات ، كل على حدة ، لم يتأثر التنافس التسافدي لهذه الذكور . ولكنه عندما عرضت هذه العذارى للعامل الثاني أو الثالث أو الرابع متبوعا بالتشعيع بأشعة جاما (60 جراي) بعد نصف ساعة أو ساعة أو ساعتين ، انخفض التزاوج التسافدي انخفاضا غير محسوس بينما كان الانخفاض محسوسا عندما عرضت العذاري للرطوبة النسبية (31%) لمدة 3 ساعات ثم شععت مباشرة أو بعد نصف ساعة أو ساعة أو ساعتين .
Idiosyncratic Drug Reactions and the Potential Role of Metabolism

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract There is a large amount of circumstantial evidence that supports the hypothesis that most idiosyncratic drug reactions (IDRs) are caused by reactive metabolites rather than the parent drug. When the total daily dose is included in the calculation, there is a rough correlation between the amount of covalent binding and the risk that a drug will be associated with a significant incidence of IDRs, especially those affecting the liver. However, there are drugs that form a large amount of reactive metabolites and rarely cause IDRs, and there are drugs such as ximelagatran that do not appear to form reactive metabolites and yet had to be withdrawn from the market because of an unacceptable risk of IDRs. There are a wide variety of proteins that are targets of covalent binding, and clearly, not all covalent binding is associated with the same risk of causing an IDR. It is likely that most IDRs are immune mediated, although this is not without controversy, especially with respect to idiosyncratic liver toxicity. There are several hypotheses that address the issue of how drugs initiate an immune response, but in the absence of valid animal models, they are very difficult to rigorously test. These hypotheses include the hapten hypothesis, the danger hypothesis, the p‐I (pharmacological interaction) hypothesis, epigenetic effects leading to activation of the immune system, direct activation of antigen‐presenting cells, and some of the newer biological agents simply appear to alter the balance in the immune system and do not involve reactive metabolites. It is likely that the mechanism by which different drugs induce an immune response is different, at least in detail. There are also hypotheses that do not involve the immune system such as mitochondrial toxicity and the inflammagen hypothesis. In the absence of valid animal models, it is important to use the clinical characteristics of IDRs to evaluate the hypotheses. A very important characteristic is the usual delay between starting a drug and the onset of the IDR. Another important characteristic is that different drugs can cause different types of IDRs in different people and even the same drug can cause different types of IDRs in different people. This is most easily explained by an immune mechanism in which this variability is due to variability in T‐cell‐receptor specificity, which is different even in identical twins. However, until we have a much better understanding of the detailed mechanisms of IDRs, it will be difficult to predict which drug candidates are likely to cause a relatively high incidence of IDRs and which patients are at high risk of such adverse reactions.
Somatic embryogenesis from young inflorescences of the giant bamboo Dendrocalamus asper (Schult f.) Backer ex Heyne

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract

Bamboos are an important worldwide non-timber forest product with current rising interest due to their environmentally friendly applications. Besides the consolidated uses of the sweet shoots and culms for structural uses, Dendrocalamus asper is an imposing ornamental bamboo for horticulture. The present work aimed to establish in vitro calli culture and plant regeneration through somatic embryogenesis starting from young inflorescences of the giant bamboo, D. asper. Pre-anthesis inflorescences were collected, disinfested, and subjected to callus induction on MS basal medium supplemented by 0 µM, 9 µM, 18 µM, 27 µM, and 36 µM of 2,4-D in combination with 9 µM of 2-iP or 9 µM Kin. The different obtained calli types were characterized and subcultured in 0 µM, 4.5 µM, 9 µM, and 18 µM of 2,4-D in combination with 9 µM of both cytokinins for multiplication and differentiation. Additionally, the explant incision and its inoculation orientation onto culture media were tested for callus induction improvement. The 2,4-D was essential for callus induction, and its combination with both cytokinins resulted in embryogenic callus induction and further somatic embryos regeneration. The subsequent reduction of this auxin to 4.5 µM resulted in somatic embryo maturation. Somatic embryos transferred to a plant growth regulator-free medium resulted in plantlet conversion. The present work showed the feasibility of using inflorescences as explants and the efficiency of using the 2-iP in combination with 2,4-D to callus induction and in vitro bamboo plant regeneration through somatic embryogenesis.
Customer Retention in the Hospitality Sector

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

In the context of dynamic changes in the hospitality industry, the issue of customer loyalty remains one of the primary cornerstones of business continuity. In light of the emergence of the industry's 4.0 concepts, this study aims to identify new tendencies in the paradigm of customer retention and how AI technologies contribute to those changes. Industry 4.0 can be described as the fourth interrelated transformation and is characterized by the integration of digital technologies, AI, and advanced automation impacting operational models across industries including hospitality. Machine Learning, one of the branches of AI, has the capability of handling large amounts of customer data for Analysis, Modelling, and Personalization reducing time, cost, and efforts in improving customer engagement and loyalty. Further, using AI in the form of virtual products such as chatbots and virtual assistants, they continue to provide consistent and efficient services to the customers hence supporting the causes of customer retention.
"Figure 5b" of "Vector boson scattering and anomalous quartic couplings in final states with $\ellν$qq or $\ell\ell$qq plus jets using proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV"

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Distributions of M(WV) for the data and post-fit backgrounds (stacked histograms), in the SRs of the electron (left) and muon (right) channels in the merged regime. The template for one signal hypothesis is shown overlaid as a red solid line. The overflow is included in the last bin. The lower panels show the ratios of the data to the pre-fit background prediction and post-fit background yield as red open squares and blue points, respectively. The gray band in the lower panels indicates the systematic component of the post-fit background uncertainty. The vertical bars on the data points represent statistical uncertainties. The last bin includes overflow.
Multi-objective network design problem considering system time minimization and road safety maximization

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

This paper discusses the Network Design Problem (NDP) solved for travel time minimization and road safety maximization. Similarly to other NDP models, the model is formulated as a bi-level multi-objective optimization problem. The estimation of the system time benefit and safety benefit is performed using previously developed methods, and the optimal solutions are found using the multi-objective genetic algorithm. The proposed method is demonstrated on a real-size network, using a large set of candidate projects.
Situation aware human robot interaction

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The project is to explore Situation Aware Human Robot Interaction and to develop a proof of concept software. The software is able to make decisions and to identify the intention of a human’s request, therefore understanding the situation and making appropriate use of information and answer the human’s request. The software was inspired by multiple research papers especially Ontology-based Multi-Layered Robot Knowledge Framework, Development of a Cognitive Model of Humans in a Multi- Agent Framework for Human Robot Interaction. The software is a Multi-Agent System and some of the libraries used are JADE, Stanford NLP Library and OWL API. The software has four stages, input, parsing, intention retrieval, and output stage. The software gets its knowledge of the environment through an ontology. The software also refers to the WordNet to have better understanding of words. The software consists of two versions. The first version does not implement the Stanford parser and it faces problems such as infinite looping. The second version implements the Stanford parser but requires reworking of some key agents within the software. Improvements were suggested to allow the software to be more intelligent.
Lonardi S: A parallel edge-betweenness clustering tool for ProteinProtein Interaction networks

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract: The increasing availability of protein-protein interaction graphs (PPI) requires new efficient tools capable of extracting valuable biological knowledge from these networks. Among the wide range of clustering algorithms, Girvan and Newman’s edge betweenness algorithm showed remarkable performances in discovering clustering structures in several real-world networks. Unfortunately, their algorithm suffers from high computational cost and it is impractical for inputs of the size of large PPI networks. Here we report on a novel parallel implementation of Girvan and Newman’s clustering algorithm that achieves almost linear speed-up for up to 32 processors. The tool is available in the public domain from the authors’ website. Keywords: system biology; Protein-Protein Interaction networks; PPI; clustering of graphs; distributed tool; data mining; bioinformatics. Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Yang, Q. and Lonardi, S. (2007) ‘A parallel edge-betweenness clustering tool for Protein-Protein
Insects in relation to national defense. Circular 23, Reference index

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The preparation and publication of a series of articles dealing with insects that attack or annoy man and destroy mate- rials produced and assembled for defense purposes were begun in the latter part of 1940.This series of 23 circulars was issued in processed form under the general title "Insects in Relation to National Defense."The primary purpose of these articles was to present in convenient form essential current information to aid those directly concerned with national defense on how to recognize and combat the more important
Symmetric trapezoidal approximations of fuzzy numbers under a general condition

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The symmetric triangular approximation under a general condition was first proposed by Ban and Coroianu 2016. Ban and Coroianu completed the calculation and provided a computational formula. However, symmetric trapezoidal approximation cannot be deduced from their conclusions. The aim of this paper is to continue and foster the development of this topic. The calculation for the symmetric trapezoidal approximations of a fuzzy number under a general condition will be completed in this paper. Some applications related with value, expected value and ambiguity, which are important parameters, are given too. Numerical examples are given and the quantitative improvement in approximation is also addressed.