jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Application of Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) and Image Processing for Prediction of the Geometrical Properties of Roasted Pistachio Nuts and Kernels

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Roasting is the most common way for pistachio nuts processing, and the purpose of that was to increase the products total acceptability. Purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of temperature (90, 120 and 150°C), time (20, 35 and 50 min), and roasting air velocity (0.5, 1.5 and 2.5 m/s) on geometrical attributes of pistachio nuts and kernels including principle dimensions, shape factor, sphericity, surface area, shell splitting, and true volume. An experimental method and image processing were used in order to measure the geometrical properties. The Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) method was used for predicting the correlation between experimental and image properties. The results showed that the time, temperature, and roasting air velocity didn’t have significant effect on principle dimensions, shape factor, sphericity, surface area, shell splitting, and true volume. In all cases, the shape factor of pistachio nuts and kernels were more than 1.25. So, pistachio samples had ellipsoid shape. Pistachio kernels had more similarity to ellipsoid shape in comparison with pistachio nuts. The results revealed that ANN could predict the length, width, height, shape factor, sphericity, shell splitting, surface area, and true volume of roasted pistachio nuts and kernels.
A Taxonomic Revision of Fern Genus Pseudocyclosorus (Thelypteridaceae) from China and the Pan-Himalaya Region, with Special Reference to the Identity of Pseudocyclosorus stramineus

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The fern genus Pseudocyclosorus (Thelypteridaceae) from China and the Pan-Himalaya region is revised based on morphological study. Reduced basal pinnae, angles between costule and costae, and glands/hairs on abaxial surfaces/indusia are considered as the most diagnostic morphological characters for species delimitation. Genus Trigonospora was excluded from genus Pseudocyclosorus. This segregation is supported by multiple morphological features. Eight species were recognized here, namely Pseudocyclosorus tylodes, P. pseudofalcilobus, P. falcilobus, P. subochthodes, P. stramineus, P. ornatipes, P. esquirolii and P. canus. Twenty-one names were reduced as new synonyms. One name (P. duclouxii) was considered a dubious species. A key to these eight species, their descriptions, spore morphology and distribution map of each species are given. Pseudocyclosorus stramineus was a long overlooked species, which has always been misidentified as other similar species, and was wrongly reduced as a synonym of P. duclouxii. Here based on morphology characters, the identity of P. stramineus as a species was reclaimed. A more detailed description with photographs and illustrations, and its whole distribution range are given here.
FLUID POWER-THE HIDDEN INNOVATOR

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

The paper gives an insight into the wide variety of innovations that make fluid power a competitive drive concept compared to electrical or mechanical solutions. It provides examples how electronic intelligence and the application of field bus technology contribute to this status. New valves are introduced using silicon etched microstructures or piezo drives as electro-mechanical transducers. The paper also deals with environmentally friendly fluids and how components can be improved utilizing modern materials and coatings. It finishes with a chapter about circuits and provides an example of a miniaturized sevo-pneumatic hand and an electro-rheological servo-hydraulic drive.
Origin of karstic bauxite: Evidence against carbonate rock weathering residues and for lateritic bauxite

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

This dataset contains bulk-rock major and trace element compositions of global karstic bauxite (Table S1), bulk-rock major and trace element compositions of global lateritic bauxite (Table S2), raw data of major and trace element compositions of soil and stream sediment in Guangxi region (Table S3), concentration of SiO2 in karstic groundwater (Table S4), bulk-rock major element compositions of carbonate rock (Table S5), and mineral and major element compositions of karstic soil (Table S6).
Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus VP3 Protein Acts as a Critical Proinflammatory Factor by Promoting Toll-Like Receptor 4-Mediated Signaling

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) infection in cloven-hoofed animals causes severe inflammatory symptoms, including blisters on the oral mucosa, hoof, and breast; however, the molecular mechanism underlying the inflammatory response is unclear. In this study, we provide the first evidence that the FMDV protein VP3 activates lipopolysaccharide-triggered Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling. FMDV VP3 increased the expression of TLR4 by downregulating the expression of the lysozyme-related protein Rab7b. Additionally, Rab7b can interact with VP3 to promote the replication of FMDV. Our findings suggested that VP3 regulates the Rab7b-TLR4 axis to mediate the inflammatory response to FMDV. IMPORTANCE Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) infection causes a severe inflammatory response in cloven-hoofed animals, such as pigs, cattle, and sheep, with typical clinical manifestations of high fever, numerous blisters on the oral mucosa, hoof, and breast, as well as myocarditis (tigroid heart). However, the mechanism underlying the inflammatory response caused by FMDV is enigmatic. In this study, we identified the VP3 protein of FMDV as an important proinflammatory factor. Mechanistically, VP3 interacted with TLR4 to promote TLR4 expression by inhibiting the expression of the lysozyme-related protein Rab7b. Our findings suggest that FMDV VP3 is a major proinflammatory factor in FMDV-infected hosts.
Eysenck's BIG THREE and communication traits: Communication traits as manifestations of temperament

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Two studies are reported which sought to determine the possible limitations of the proposition that "temperament is manifest through communication."; The results of earlier studies suggest that many communication related traits indeed are correlated with one or more temperament variables. In the present study Willingness to Communicate, Singing Apprehension, and Innovativeness were found to be associated with one or more of the BIG THREE temperament variables. Writing apprehension was found to have no meaningful relationship with any of the temperament variables. It is concluded that, while most important oral communication traits probably are correlated with one or more temperament traits, some other communication traits, like writing apprehension, may not be.
Analysis and Evaluation of Credit for Equal Installments of Principal and Interest With the Use of New Models of Capitalization on the Example of Bank Ing Bank Śląski

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

Celem artykułu jest zbadanie strategii udzielania kredytu przez bank ING Bank Śląski oraz zaprezentowanie zasad spłat kredytu i odsetek przy równych ratach kapitałowo-odsetkowych. W trakcie badań znaleziono szereg nowych modeli kapitalizacji o łagodniejszym wzroście rat kapitałowych w czasie t, co jest korzystne zwłaszcza w przypadku pożyczek długoterminowych. Zaproponowano też nowy model kapitalizacji KOSS, który ze względu na wysoką dokładność uzyskanych dzięki niemu obliczeń może zastąpić stosowane dotychczas modele kapitalizacji. Wykorzystywane do tej pory modele kapitalizacji są bardzo często niekorzystne dla kredytobiorców, gdyż w stosunkowo krótkim czasie powodują zbyt gwałtowny wzrost rat kapitałowych. Model kapitalizacji KOSS można w przyszłości wykorzystać, z korzyścią zarówno dla banku, jak również dla klienta.
On the onset delays of solar energetic electrons and protons: Evidence for a common accelerator

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The processes responsible for the acceleration of solar energetic particles (SEPs) are still not well understood, including whether SEP electrons and protons are accelerated by common or separate processes. Using a numerical particle transport model that includes both pitch-angle and perpendicular spatial diffusion, we simulate, amongst other quantities, the onset delay for MeV electrons and protons and compare the results to observations of SEPs from widely-separated spacecraft. Such observations have previously been interpreted, in a simple scenario assuming no perpendicular diffusion, as evidence for different electron and proton sources. We show that, by assuming a common particle source together with perpendicular diffusion, we are able to simultaneously reproduce the onset delays for both electrons and protons. We argue that this points towards a common accelerator for these particles. Moreover, a relatively broad particle source is required in the model to correctly describe the observations. This is suggestive of diffusive shock acceleration occurring at large shock structures playing a significant role in the acceleration of these SEPs.
Near-Field Asymptotics for the Porous Medium Equation in Exterior Domains. The Critical Two-Dimensional Case

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We consider the porous medium equation in an exterior two-dimensional domain which excludes a hole, with zero Dirichlet data on its boundary. Gilding and Goncerzewicz proved in [Gilding-Goncerzewicz-2007] that in the far field scale, $x=ξt^{\frac1{2m}}/(\log t)^{\frac{m-1}{2m}}$, $ξ\ne 0$, solutions to this problem with an integrable and compactly supported initial data behave as an instantaneous point-source solution for the equation with a variable mass that decays to 0 in a precise way, determined by the initial data and the hole. However, their result does not say much about the behavior when $|x|=o\big(t^{\frac1{2m}}/(\log t)^{\frac{m-1}{2m}}\big)$, in the so called near field scale, except that the solution is $o\big((t\log t)^{-\frac1m}\big)$ there. In particular, it does not give a sharp decay rate, neither a nontrivial asymptotic profile, on compact sets. In this paper we characterize the large time behavior in such scale, thus completing the results of [Gilding-Goncerzewicz-2007].
Regulation of the Intestinal Stem Cell Pool and Proliferation in Drosophila

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Understanding the regulation of somatic stem cells, both during homeostasis and in response to environmental challenges like injury, infection, chemical exposure, and nutritional changes, is critical because their dysregulation can result in tissue degeneration or tumorigenesis. The use of models such as the Drosophila and mammalian adult intestines offers valuable insights into tissue homeostasis and regeneration, advancing our knowledge of stem cell biology and cancer development. This review highlights significant findings from recent studies, unveiling the molecular mechanisms that govern self-renewal, proliferation, differentiation, and regeneration of intestinal stem cells (ISCs). These insights not only enhance our understanding of normal tissue maintenance but also provide critical perspectives on how ISC dysfunction can lead to pathological conditions such as colorectal cancer (CRC).
Myxobolus chanosi n. sp., a Novel Myxosporean Infecting Farmed Chanos chanos (Forsskål, 1775) from Alappuzha, Along the Southwest Coast of India

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Archana, C.; Zacharia, P.U., and Sanil, N.K., 2019. Myxobolus chanosi n. sp., a novel Myxosporean infecting farmed Chanos chanos (Forsskål, 1775) from Alappuzha, along the southwest coast of India. In: Jithendran, K.P.; Saraswathy, R.; Balasubramanian, C.P.; Kumaraguru Vasagam, K.P.; Jayasankar, V.; Raghavan, R.; Alavandi, S.V., and Vijayan, K.K. (eds.), BRAQCON 2019: World Brackishwater Aquaculture Conference. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 86, pp. 128-133. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.The present study describes a new species of Myxobolus infecting the kidney tissues of farmed Chanos chanos from Alappuzha, Kerala, India. Of the 42 fishes screened, 27 were infected (prevalence 64.28%). The parasites appeared dispersed in the posterior kidney tissues in squash preparations, cysts measuring 56.82±4.13 µm × 51.11±1.40 µm were observed histologically. Oval, bivalvular spores with smooth shell valves, two unequal and elongate-oval polar capsules, and binucleate sporoplasm place the parasite under the genus Myxobolus. Mature spores measured 11.06±0.60 × 7.71±0.74 × 7.62±0.30 (7.35-8.12) µm. Unequal, elongate-oval polar capsules with pointed anterior ends were aligned obliquely to the longitudinal spore axis. Large polar capsule occupied two-thirds the spore length, measured 6.61±0.74 × 4.64±0.58 µm; possessed polar filament with four coils, measured 28.05 ±0.54 µm. Small polar capsule, reached half the spore length, measured 3.33±0.78 × 2.50±0.41 µm; with three coils of polar filament, measured 11.81±0.52 µm. Vegetative stages ellipsoidal, monosporic and dispersed in kidney tissues. A comparison of the present species with closely related forms showed that it differs morphologically and morphometrically from the others. In BLASTn analysis, the partial SSU rDNA (1239 bp) nucleotide sequence showed close identities with M. linzhiensi and Myxobolus sp. SKBU-RC1. In the molecular analysis, it exhibited 4.2% divergence with both M. linzhiensi and Myxobolus sp. SKBU-RC1. Neighbour Joining and Maximum Likelihood trees were topologically similar, and the present species stands out with M. linzhiensi and Myxobolus sp. SKBU-RC1 as sister branches. Gross pathological changes were not apparent in kidneys. However, the fibrous cyst encircling the parasite indicates host immune responses. Based on morphology, morphometry, molecular and phylogenetic analyses, tissue and host specificities along with geographic location, the present parasite is treated as new and is reported here as M. chanosi n. sp. This forms the second report of a myxosporean infection from C. chanos.
Rio de Janeiro Botanical Garden: Biodiversity Conservation in a Tropical Arboretum

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In light of increasing human impacts on natural areas and climate change, urgent action is required to accelerate species conservation efforts. Ex situ conservation has gained importance, yet the increasing endangered species challenge is magnified in botanic gardens, notably tropical ones, insufficient to safeguard such diverse flora. This study focused on the living collection of the arboretum at the Rio de Janeiro Botanical Garden, examining all cultivated specimens and institutional database records between January and July 2023. It cross-referenced the collection’s composition with the Flora e Funga do Brasil list, as well as Red Lists, to reveal that the collection includes 6960 specimens representing 1420 species, with 60.6% of these species native to Brazil, belonging to 134 botanical families. The collection encompasses all Brazilian phytogeographic domains, with the Atlantic Forest and the Amazon having the highest number of species in cultivation. In terms of conservation efforts, the collection includes 83 species from the Brazilian Red List and 106 species from the IUCN Red List, contributing to the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation, Target 8. This evaluation is the first step toward identifying collection gaps, future planning, and targeting species for acquisition to enhance the effectiveness of our conservation efforts.
An investigation on conformal cooling in plastic injection moulding

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

One of the most important features of mould cooling in injection moulding is the provision of suitable and adequate cooling arrangements. For many years, mould designers and researcher have been trying to improve the performance of cooling system, despite the fact that cooling system complexity is physically limited by fabrication capability of conventional straight drilling methods. This research presents a comprehensive investigation on the application of conformal cooling channels in injection moulding for different cross sectional shapes, positions and diameter by endeavoring which conformal cooling configuration gives the best results in comparison with conventional cooling channels. Mould design with efficient cooling channels, comprehensive finite element analysis and flow simulation have been performed for different plastic parts with Pro/Engineer, ANSYS and Autodesk Moldflow Insight simulation software. Structural-thermal finite element analysis has been performed for two different types of industrial plastic part moulds with conventional, conformal and bimetallic conformal cooling channels to study the robustness and longevity of the conformal cooling channel moulds in comparison with conventional cooling channel moulds. Fatigue life of the mould with different cooling channel configuration and different materials has also been predicted using high cycle fatigue formulas and stress analysis results. Laser direct metal deposition (DMD) rapid manufacturing technology has been used to fabricate conformal cooling channel in injection mould for experimental validation of the results obtained by numerical modeling. Experimental verification has also been done for a test plastic part using conventional, conformal and bi-metallic cooling channel moulds, which have been manufactured by conventional computer numerical control machining process for mini injection moulding machine. Finally, hardness test has been done with Shore D hardness testing machine for test plastic parts which have been produced with conformal and conventional cooling channel mould. In conclusion, simulation and experimental verification show that with optimal cross section, diameter and position, the conformal cooling channel moulds reduce significant amount of cycle time as well as improve the quality of plastic parts produced by injection moulding process.
Real‐time histological imaging of kidneys stained with food dyes using multiphoton microscopy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ABSTRACT We have developed a real‐time imaging technique for diagnosis of kidney diseases which is composed of two steps, staining renal cells safely with food dyes and optical sectioning of living renal tissue to obtain histological images by multiphoton microscopy (MPM). Here, we demonstrated that the MPM imaging with food dyes, including erythrosine and indigo carmine, could be used as fluorescent agents to visualize renal functions and structures such as glomerular bloodstreams, glomerular filtration, and morphology of glomeruli and renal tubules. We also showed that the kidneys of IgA nephropathy model‐mice stained with the food dyes presented histopathological characteristics different from those observed in normal kidneys. The use of the food dyes enhances the quality of tissue images obtained by MPM and offers the potential to contribute to a clinical real‐time diagnosis of kidney diseases. Microsc. Res. Tech. 78:847–858, 2015 . © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Homotopy types of Vietoris–Rips complexes of hypercube graphs

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We describe the homotopy types of Vietoris–Rips complexes of hypercube graphs at scale [Formula: see text]. We represent the vertices in the hypercube graph [Formula: see text] as the collection of all subsets of [Formula: see text] and equip [Formula: see text] with the metric using symmetric difference distance. It is proved in [M. Adamaszek and H. Adams, On Vietoris–Rips complexes of hypercube graphs, J. Appl. Comput. Topol. 6 (2022) 177–192] that the Vietoris–Rips complexes of hypercube graphs [Formula: see text] at scale [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], are homotopy equivalent to [Formula: see text]-many spheres with dimension [Formula: see text] where [Formula: see text]. Questions are raised in the above-mentioned reference for determining the homotopy types of [Formula: see text] with large scales [Formula: see text]. We prove that for [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]
Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia terminating as malignant histiocytosis.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A patient with a 3.5 year history of chronic myelomonocytic leukemia who transformed to malignant histiocytosis is reported. The terminal event was characterized by fever, hepatosplenomegaly, thrombocytopenia, and a leukemic blood picture. The pathogenesis of this terminal transformation and proposed future studies are discussed.
Hepatitis B in Moroccan blood donors: a decade trend of the HBsAg prevalence in a resources limited country

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

SUMMARY Objectives To calculate the hepatitis B surface antigen ( HBsAg ) reactive rate for 2011 blood donors (BD) across Morocco. In addition, to monitor the profile of donors bearing the HBsAg during 2000 and 2011, we calculated the percentage of the prevalence in both sexes, in different age groups and in first‐time replacement and regular BD from the Rabat Regional Blood Transfusion Centre. Background Hepatitis B is a viral infection that spreads through blood and other biological fluids. The hepatitis B virus remains one of the most common serious complications of transfusion. No information exists on the real prevalence of hepatitis B in Moroccan BD. Methods For the 2011 national HBsAg reactive rate, the percentage was calculated based on enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA ) results of the 232 190 blood donations collected around the country. For the Rabat blood Centre, we calculated the hepatitis B sero‐prevalence from donations made at the donors' suite during 2000 and 2011. Results The national prevalence of HBsAg was 1·34%. The HBsAg variations among different regions was between 0·43 and 2·86%. The Rabat donors' suite hepatitis B prevalence decreased from 2·47% in 2000 to 0·91% in 2011 ( P < 0·001). In both years, family/replacement donors were found as safe as first‐time BD and female donors were the safest. Conclusions These results, presented for the first time in the country, mapped the hepatitis B distribution across Morocco in a healthy population. The findings of this study could be of great importance in setting up strategies for the recruitment of the BD and keeping blood safety at the highest level.
STUDIES IN DEPRESSION: 1. CINGULO‐TRACTOTOMY IN THE TREATMENT OF SEVERE AFFECTIVE ILLNESS

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Fifty cases of selective anterior cingulotomy (cingulo-tractotomy) are reviewed. The application of this psychosurgical procedure to patients suffering from severe chronic depressive illness is considered. Criteria for the selection of cases for the operation are discussed, and a plea is made for consideration of the operation as a potentially life-saving therapeutic measure.
World Library and Information Congress in Cape Town: New Strategic Directions

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

There are described the distinctive features of the World Library and Information Congress: the 81st General Conference of International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions (IFLA) held on 15-21 August, 2015 in Cape Town (South Africa). There are shown the main trends in the development of international library community through the prism of Draft of the New IFLA Strategic Plan.