jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Nursing Behavior in Mexican Free‐tailed Bat Maternity Colonies

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) The nursing behavior of Mexican free‐tailed bats (Tadarida brasiliensis mexicana) was examined in two large maternity cave roosts during six nursing seasons. After depositing pups in large creches, adults return to these creches two or more times daily to nurse. Densities, movements, and roosting associations of pups in creches were documented, and a night‐vision device and infrared‐sensitive video system were used to observe female‐pup reunions and nursing affiliations. Densities of young (< 15 d) pups in creches averaged 4000 pups/m 2. Pups moved independently of one another between milk meals. Stable roosting associations among pups were absent, and females evidently could not predict where a given pup would be relocated. Upon returning to the creche, females searched for and relocated pups using vocal and olfactory cues. Experiments with marked individuals demonstrated that females nursed the same pups on subsequent nights. These same experiments indicated that female/pup recognition was mutual and that the pup participated in reunions by moving toward its putative mother. However, pups also attempted to suckle from other females and 35 instances of apparently successful milk "theft" were observed. Observed milk theft was insufficient to account for the frequency of alloparental nursing that was estimated independently using genotype tests. The high densities of bats within roosts and the lack of stable roosting associations among individuals argue against selection for shared nursing via kin selection and/or reciprocity. Errors in pup recognition, milk‐dumping by females, and adoption by mothers whose own pup had died may occur, but high pup survival to weaning suggests that adoption is rare. The estimate of alloparental nursing obtained from genotype tests may be inflated as a result of increased opportunities for milk theft caused by our disturbance of adults. Current evidence suggests that energetic costs to females of alloparental nursing and searching for pups are compensated by mutualistic benefits obtained from aggregative roosting.
Successful electroconvulsive therapy for depression in a man with cerebral amyloid angiopathy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is a condition characterised by accumulation of amyloid beta protein (Aβ) in the wall of cerebral blood vessels which increases the risk of intracranial haemorrhage and contributes to cognitive impairment. We describe the case of a man around the age of 70 with ‘probable’ CAA according to the modified Boston criteria and severe depression whose depression was treated successfully with electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). To the best of our knowledge, there are no earlier published reports of ECT in a patient with CAA. We briefly discuss possible safety measures for these patients, the impact of ECT on cognition in CAA and a possible influence of ECT on Aβ clearance.
Relationship between Variables Effecting Social Media Marketing

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Social Media is emerging as advertising source. Therefore, a new marketing strategy is required for Social Media Marketing Multiple factors have their influence on the users of Social Media. In our research, we focused on five factors namely Social Media Marketing, eWOM, Advertising, Mindset Metrics and Acquisition. During our research, we found that Social Media Marketing and eWOM have the best impact to influence the fans on Social Media pages.
An efficient algorithm for multiple polony detection

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We present an algorithm for automatic detection of solid- phase (polony) Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) objects. The goal is to detect the location and size of each polony present in an image. Using a statistical model for an image of a polony, we are able to weigh different hypothesis, including arrangements of multiple overlapping objects. The algorithm uses a coarse-to-fine approach. A coarse version of the model is used to find candidate object locations and sizes with a low computational cost. More accurate versions of the full model, are then used to test for object presence only at the candidate locations.
Potential allelopathic effects of Brazilian pepper (Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi, Anacardiaceae) aqueous extract on germination and growth of selected Florida native plants1

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Morgan, E.C., and W.A. Overholt (University of Florida Indian River Research and Education Center, 2199 So. Rock Rd., Ft. Pierce FL 34949). Potential allelopathic effects of Brazilian pepper (Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi, Anacardiaceae) aqueous extracts upon germination and growth of selected Florida native plants. J. Torr. Bot. Soc. 132: 11–15. 2005.—Schinus terebinthifolius, or Brazilian pepper, is an exotic invasive plant found throughout much of peninsular Florida. It rapidly colonizes disturbed areas, often forming dense monotypic stands, and displaces native vegetation. In the current study we examined a potential mechanism by which Brazilian pepper has become a major invader of Florida's ecosystems. In laboratory bioassays and greenhouse experiments, germination and biomass accumulation in two native Florida plant species, Bidens alba and Rivina humilis, were negatively affected by irrigation with aqueous extracts of Brazilian pepper leaves. This study illustrates a potential mechanism through which one plant may gain a competitive advantage over another.
Supplementary Figure S11 from A Phase II Window of Opportunity Study of Neoadjuvant PD-L1 versus PD-L1 plus CTLA-4 Blockade for Patients with Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<p>Supplementary Figure 11. Schematic illustration of the de novo anti-tumor immune response to ICB that occurs in the peripheral immune system.</p>
Thermal Management of Power Modules Based on the Hybrid Cooling System: Phase Change Material with Coolant Fluid

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract

Keeping the operating temperature in the allowable range of the power module, under a very high heat flux, is of particular importance in the performance of the systems and their reliability. In this investigation, as a new approach, a new hybrid thermal heat sink consisting of phase change material with different arrangement and mass flow rates has been used for cooling an Insulatedgate bipolar transistor. As an innovation, to reduce the operating temperature of the power module at a heat flux of 100 W/cm2, the paraffin and Metal-based PCM have been applied in the water cooling chamber and simulated simultaneously. The finite volume method and piezo algorithm was used to solve the governing equations. Then, the effect of the flow rate and arrangement of PCMs on temperature variations of the power module has been examined in terms of time. The melting process of the PCM was numerically simulated by the enthalpy-porosity method in threedimensional computational domain. The results revealed that using the metal-based PCM compared to paraffin due to its high thermal conductivity increased the heat transfer rate. As a result, the operating temperature of the power module decreased. Also, metal-based PCM in 4 different arrangements (A,B,C,D) performs better than the conventional cooling system. Finally, it reduced the operating temperature of the power module. Based on the results obtained at flow rates of 0.0025, 0.00375, and 0.005 kg/s, arrangement Case D showed the best performance by reducing 3 °C compared to the pure working fluid in the power module.
Autonomous Descent Guidance via Sequential Pseudospectral Convex Programming

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Abstract This chapter expands our development of an autonomous descent guidance algorithm which is able to deal with both the aerodynamic descent and the powered landing phases of a reusable rocket. The method uses sequential convex optimization applied to a Cartesian representation of the equations of motion, and the transcription is based on the use of hp pseudospectral methods. The major contributions of the formulation are a more systematic exploitation and separation of convex and non-convex contributions to minimize the computation of the latter, the inclusion of highly nonlinear terms represented by aerodynamic accelerations, a complete reformulation of the problem based on the use of Euler angle rates as control means, an improved transcription based on the use of a generalized hp pseudospectral method, and a dedicated formulation of the aerodynamic guidance problem for reusable rockets. The approach is demonstrated for a 40 kN-class reusable rocket. Numerical results confirm that the methodology we propose is very effective and able to satisfy all the constraints acting on the system. It is therefore a valid candidate solution to solve the entire descent phase of reusable rockets in real-time.
Estimators for Long Range Dependence: An Empirical Study

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

We present the results of a simulation study into the properties of 12 different estimators of the Hurst parameter, $H$, or the fractional integration parameter, $d$, in long memory time series. We compare and contrast their performance on simulated Fractional Gaussian Noises and fractionally integrated series with lengths between 100 and 10,000 data points and $H$ values between 0.55 and 0.90 or $d$ values between 0.05 and 0.40. We apply all 12 estimators to the Campito Mountain data and estimate the accuracy of their estimates using the Beran goodness of fit test for long memory time series. MCS code: 37M10
Fatigue Driving Detection Based on Deep Learning and Multi-Index Fusion

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

In order to reduce traffic accidents caused by fatigue driving, a fatigue driving detection algorithm is proposed based on deep learning and facial multi-index fusion from the driver $'\text{s}$ facial features. Because the scene in the actual driving process is very complex and changeable, this algorithm first improves the multi-task cascaded convolutional neural network (MTCNN) so that it can quickly and accurately locate the face and detect the facial key points. According to the facial key points, the driver’s eyes and mouth regions are determined. Second, these regions are input into the eyes and mouth state recognition network (E-MSR Net) for state recognition. The E-MSR Net is a depth separable convolution neural network that is improved and optimized based on MobilenetV2. Finally, the three facial features of eye closure rate (ECR), mouth opening rate (MOR), and head non-positive face rate (HNFR) are fused to judge the driver’s fatigue state. This algorithm can quickly and accurately make judgments in the face of complex and changeable scenes. At the same time, it can avoid the failure of the algorithm caused by the occlusion of the eyes or mouth due to wearing sunglasses or masks during driving. The accuracy of the proposed algorithm on the self-made data set achieved 97.5%, which proved the feasibility of the algorithm.
Transformation of Mycelial and Yeast Forms of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis in Cultures and in Experimental Inoculations

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Carbonell, Luis M. (Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, Caracas, Venezuela), and Joaquín Rodríguez . Transformation of mycelial and yeast forms of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis in cultures and in experimental inoculations. J. Bacteriol. 90: 504–510. 1965.—Experimental transformations of mycelial to yeast and yeast to mycelial forms in culture, and mycelial to yeast forms in tissue, were studied. All the transitional forms that appeared in culture were also seen in tissue, but in fewer number. Most of the hyphae in culture were transformed into yeast, but only a few in tissue. Yeast appeared in testicle around the 3rd day after inoculation, but on the 10th day in subcutaneous tissue. Pathogenicity of mycelium was high, since yeast was found in almost all of the organs inoculated with mycelium. Histologically, an acute inflammation occurred first, owing to the inoculation of mycelium, followed by a giant-cell granuloma with abundant hyphae detritus. These giant cells almost disappeared about 10 days after inoculation, giving place to a second giant-cell granuloma with yeast forms.
DEVELOPMENT OF A BACTERIAL STEERING STERE FOR A FODDER BALANCING CONCENTRATE «ECOBALANCE» FOR REGULATING MICROBIOLOGICAL PROCESSES IN COW'S PEREASTERS AND INCREASING DAIRY PRODUCTIVITY

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Researches of physiological and biochemical characteristics of microorganisms from the Republican collection of industrial strains of starter cultures and their bacteriophages were carried out. Strains of Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus fermentum was selected. Consortia of microorganisms for use in the starter culture to regulate microbiological processes in the proventriculus of cows was developed. The effect of various components of the filler on the ability of lactic acid microorganisms to develop in their presence was investigated. The procedure for introducing and mixing technology of the starter culture and dry components of the feed concentrate has been worked out.
Transition from Conventional to Organic Farming Systems: I. Challenges, Recommendations, and Guidelines for Pest Management

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Conventional agricultural systems increase per-area food production, but deplete natural resources and degrade both crop and environmental quality. Many of these concerns are addressed by sustainable agricultural systems, integrated pest management, biocontrol, and other alternative systems. Environmental and social concerns have escalated the need for alternative agricultural systems in the last decade. One alternative, the organic farming system, substitutes cultural and biological inputs for synthetically made fertilizers and chemicals for crop nutrition and pest management. Practices used for crop and pest management are similar during transition from conventional to organic farming systems, but produce is not certified to be organic during the transition period. During the transition from conventional to organic farming, growers may face pest control difficulties and lower yields when conventional practices are abandoned. The objectives of this paper are to 1) give an overview of the reasons for converting to organic farming and the challenges that growers face during the transition period, 2) outline some potential strategies for crop, soil, and pest management, and 3) list guidelines and recommendations for pest management during the transition to organic farming. Implementation of crop and pest management practices depends on geographical location, climate, available onsite resources, and history of the land. During transition, growers rely on cultural mechanisms and on organic and mineral sources to improve soil fertility, to build a population of natural enemies to suppress pest populations. Pest management practices during the transition period that reduce pest populations to economically manageable levels include crop rotation, cultivation, cover crops, mulches, crop diversification, resistant varieties, and insect traps. These practices also enrich the soil biota and increase crop yields before produce is certified organically grown.
Probing the Properties of Pt–Cu(111) Bimetallic Surfaces with Adsorbed CO

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Reflection absorption infrared spectroscopy and temperature-programmed desorption of adsorbed CO were used to probe the properties of Pt/Cu(111) surfaces. For Pt deposition on Cu(111) at room temperature, the Pt coverage was varied from a multilayer film to 0.23 monolayer (ML). As the Pt coverage decreased, isolated Pt atoms embedded in the Cu(111) surface were revealed by a C–O stretch peak in the range of 2041–2050 cm–1. The presence of Pt islands was indicated by a C–O stretch peak in the range of 2058–2067 cm–1 accompanied by a peak at 1852 cm–1 due to a CO bridge-bonded between two Pt atoms. Deposition of low coverages of Pt at 380, 450, and 550 K formed single atom alloys (SAAs) in which surface Pt is only present as isolated atoms that had replaced Cu atoms in the topmost atomic layer, in agreement with previous studies with scanning tunneling microscopy. Adsorption of CO on top of the Pt atoms of the SAAs leads to a C–O stretch in the range of 2041–2046 cm–1. Compared to the SAAs formed by Pt deposition at 380 K, deposition at 450 and 550 K led to more dispersed Pt atoms, as indicated by the lack of a shift of the C–O stretch peaks, indicating that the distance between CO molecules was not low enough for dipole–dipole coupling shifts to occur. In all cases, the C–O stretch of CO on the Pt atoms of Pt/Cu(111) was significantly red-shifted relative to its value on Pt(111), which is a manifestation of how nearby Cu atoms alter the Pt–CO bonding.
Knowledge and Attitudes towards HIV/AIDS among Students of the Faculty of Nursing, Damanhur University, Egypt

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Background: Egypt has the fastest-growing HIV epidemic in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. Nursing students need adequate knowledge and a positive attitude toward HIV/AIDS for effective patient care. Objective(s): This study assessed nursing students' knowledge and attitudes toward HIV/AIDS. Methods: A cross-sectional study among 400 randomly selected nursing students at Damanhur University used a self-administered questionnaire. Knowledge and attitude scores were analyzed using SPSS. Results: Knowledge and attitude scores were significantly better among females (p=0.023, p=0.038, respectively). Areas of knowledge deficiency included misconceptions about HIV transmission through mosquito bites and sharing personal items. Additionally, only 19.0% correctly identified that no recent vaccine exists. Negative attitudes were prevalent, with 53.3% believing AIDS hinders education and employment, and 61.5% were uncomfortable working with HIV-positive colleagues. Academic year influenced both knowledge and attitudes, with second-year students scoring highest (p < 0.001, p=0.004). A weak but significant correlation was found between knowledge and attitude scores (r=0.138, p=0.006). Conclusion: Misconceptions and negative attitudes toward HIV/AIDS persist among nursing students, highlighting the need for targeted educational interventions. Gender and academic year significantly influenced knowledge and attitudes, emphasizing the role of curriculum development in addressing gaps. Strengthening HIV/AIDS education and stigma-reduction initiatives is crucial to preparing future nurses for competent and compassionate care.
Socio-Economic Empowerment of Women through Self Help Group Bank Linkage Program helping in minimizing Regional Disparity in Hyderabad

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

As women occupy half of the world population, they are the basic unit of a family and perform multidimensional tasks.The first Prime Minister of India Jawaharlal Nehru says, "You can tell the condition of a nation by looking at the status of its women".This study emphasizes the Socio-economic Empowerment of women through a Self Help Group Bank Linkage Program helping in minimizing regional disparity in Hyderabad. .Few areas are too developed and few are backward.In India 70 per cent of the population lives in rural areas where 75 per cent people associated with agricultural sector.So every area women recident must be empowered is the main objective of this programme.With the help of percentile analysis, the authors explain how various variables are related to women Empowerment, i.e., children education, health, increment in women abilities.For the organized analysis of the study, Krejcie and Morgan table used to determine the sample size.100 SHG-BLP members, interviewed through an unstructured interview schedule.The need to is bring change in the financial resources and incremental business training for women to empower them, to have a decent and joyful lifestyle, and to tackle multidimensional problems.However, the extreme need for the program is better improvement so that women can fully utilize this program and climb up their business abilities in all regions.
Aharonov-Bohm Effect and Valley Polarization in Nanoscopic Graphene Rings

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

The conductance of an Aharonov-Bohm interferometer is studied in a tight-binding model of graphene. Two point contacts with zigzag edges, which function as valley filters, are connected by a ring with an irregular boundary. We find that the narrowest rings show strong current suppression and nearly sinusoidal magnetoconductance oscillations, whereas for wide rings higher harmonics are equally represented. In the intermediate width range, oscillations with a basic periodicity are suppressed when two valley filters have opposite polarity, while higher harmonics are unaffected. The effect is interpreted in terms of a relatively weak intervalley scattering in the system.
Interleaved Boost-Integrated LC Series Resonant Converter With Frequency-Free Designed Transformer for Wide Voltage Range Applications

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In this article, we present a novel interleaved boost-integrated LC series resonant converter with two output rectification modes, which are voltage-doubler rectifier mode and voltage-quadrupler rectifier mode with constant output voltage for wide input voltage range applications. Due to the symmetrical configuration of the rectifier, the voltage stress of switches and diodes on the secondary side is only half of the output voltage. With the proposed pulse frequency modulation, the maximum magnetic flux density Bm of high-frequency transformer is only related to the resonant frequency rather than the switching frequency. Hence, the transformer can be frequency-free designed. The zero-voltage switching of the primary switches and zero-current switching of the secondary switches and diodes are achieved, respectively. Moreover, the design procedure for some key parameters is presented. Finally, a 470 W prototype with a switching-frequency range from 50 to 140 kHz is built to verify the operation principles of the proposed converter and modulation.
Pesticide Exposure Risks to Chiropteran Species and the Impacts on Emerging Zoonotic Diseases

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Neonicotinoids have been in the spotlight in the pollinator community as they persist in the soil, have high water solubility, and have been associated with negative health implications on insect pollinators. The risk of new novel pesticides, including neonicotinoids, to bats are largely unknown. Bats have unique physiology as they are the only mammals capable of true and sustained flight, and have physiological adaptations including echolocation and torpor which under current protocols for acute and chronic toxicity studies in birds and terrestrial animals are not assessed. Due to these characteristics, some have argued that bats may serve as important bioindicators for ecosystem health and pesticide use. This chapter will focus on pesticides, and discuss the increased risk of exposure, morbidity, and mortality of bats species due to their unique physiology and natural life history. Special emphasis will be on potential increased risk of zoonotic disease transmission in bats exposed to emerging contaminants that suppress their immune system or cause increased biological stress.