jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Improving the classification of upper limb disorders

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<sec><st>Objectives</st> Experts disagree about the optimal classification of upper limb disorders (ULDs). To explore whether differences in associations with risk factors can offer a framework for choosing between case definitions in aetiological research and surveillance, we conducted a systematic review. </sec> <sec><st>Methods</st> Reports with estimates of relative risk (RR) for >1 case definition relative to identical occupational exposures were identified from (i) systematic reviews of ULD and occupation and (ii) by hand searching five peer-review journals published over the past two decades. We abstracted details of case and exposure definitions and paired estimates of RR, for alternative case definitions with identical occupational exposures. Differences in RR between paired definitions were expressed as the ratio of RRs, typically using that for the more elaborate of the two definitions as the numerator. </sec> <sec><st>Results</st> The 21 eligible reports yielded 320 pairs of RRs (82, 75 and 163 respectively at shoulder, elbow, and distal arm). Ratios of RRs were often <1 (46%), the median ratio overall and by anatomical site being close to unity. In only 2% of comparisons did ratios reach >4. Conclusion: More elaborate case definitions of ULD (eg, those involving physical signs, more specific symptom patterns, and additional investigations) yield similar associations with occupational risk factors to those using simpler definitions. Thus, for purposes of aetiological research and surveillance, simple case definitions will often suffice. Our findings also provide a justification for pooling data on risk factors in meta-analyses, despite differences in case definition. </sec>
Control of breathing and brain activation in human subjects seen by functional magnetic resonance imaging.

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to demonstrate the brain activation during transition from unconscious to conscious breathing in seven healthy human subjects. In right-handed volunteers, the activated areas were found in both hemispheres. The medial part of the precentral gyrus (area 4) was constantly activated in the left hemisphere. Additional activated areas were demonstrated in the premotor cortex and in the posterior parietal cortex. The activated cortical sites exhibited analogous distribution in the right hemisphere. In two out of the seven subjects. activated sites were also observed in the cerebellar hemispheres, and in the lentiform and caudate nuclei.
Effects of Parental Relations, Cultural Identity, Depression, Anxiety, and Social Discrimination on the Satisfaction of Life in Multicultural Families - Focusing on the moderating effects of ego resilience -

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

본 연구는 다문화가정 아동의 부모자녀관계, 문화정체성, 우울⋅불안, 사회적 차별감이 아동의 삶의 만족에 미치는 영향을 살펴보고, 이들 관계에서 자아탄력성의 조절효과를 검증하는 데 목적이 있다. 또한, 연구결과를 통해 다문화가정 아동의 삶이 증진을 위한 정책적 제언을 도출하고자 한다. 연구의 수행을 위해 전국 7개 지역의 119개 다문화 예비학교와 다문화교육 중점학교에 재학 중인 4-6학년 다문화가정아동 684명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였다. 수집된 설문은 다중 회귀분석과 위계적 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 주요 연구결과로는 모⋅자녀관계, 문화정체성, 우울⋅불안, 사회적 차별감은 삶의 만족에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 자아탄력성은 우울⋅불안과 삶의 만족 간 관계에서만 조절효과가 있는 것으로 조사되었다. 연구 결과를 바탕으로 다문화가정 아동의 삶의 만족 향상을 위한 정책적, 실천적 방안을 제시하였다.
Evaluation of the Mandibular Condyle Morphologic Relation before and after Orthognathic Surgery in Class II and III Malocclusion Patients Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

This study aimed at evaluating the mandibular condyle position changes before and after bimaxillary orthognathic surgery in class II and III malocclusion patients. CBCT scans from patients who underwent bimaxillary orthognathic surgery were analyzed: Le Fort I osteotomy and bilateral sagittal split osteotomy (BSSO). Both condyles were independently assessed for their largest anterior and posterior joint spaces, smallest medial joint spaces, and condyle angles concerning the transverse line. In the sagittal plane, the minimum size of the anterior and posterior joint spaces was measured. In the coronal plane, the smallest medial joint space was measured. The position of the condyle within the glenoid fossa was determined before and after surgery. A total of 56 TMJs from 28 patients were studied. Following orthognathic surgery, the anterior and posterior space in class II increased. Postoperatively, the anterior joint space in class III decreased. In 42.85% of malocclusion class II patients and 57.14% of malocclusion class III patients, the pre-and post-surgical position of the condyle changed, the condyle was anteriorly positioned (42.85%) in class II patients and centrically positioned (71.4%) in class III patients. Significant changes in the joint space, condylar position, and condyle angle were found in the class II and class III subjects.
The Carob Tree: Botany, Horticulture, and Genetic Resources

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The carob tree, Ceratonia siliqua L, is a characteristic constituent of the evergreen, "maquis" and "garigue" vegetation type in low-altitude areas in the Mediterranean Basin. All over these territories, this dioecious and thermophilous tree has been extensively cultivated for its pods. These trees are used for both human consumption and as a sugar-rich animal feed. However, currently the main interest is seed production for gum extraction from the endosperm, which is used as a stabilizer in numerous commercial food products. Most cultivars are female, and require the presence of pollen donors in the orchards. The carob is mainly insect-pollinated (flies, bees, and wasps), but is also wind-pollinated, depending on the habitat. The carob tree shows some outstanding features, like rusticity and drought resistance, and produces under reduced orchard management, and thus is well suited for part-time farming. Carob's main limitation is its frost sensitivity. In addition, modern carob orchards start bearing earlier (fourth year after budding) than traditional carob plots, and they increase yield steadily in response to minimum cultural care and deficit irrigation. This crop has received little attention until now, but currently it is being reemphasized as an alternative in dryland (500 mm) or in supplementary drip irrigation areas with a Mediterranean climate for diversification and revitalization of coastal agriculture. This chapter describes carob's economic importance worldwide and their genetic resources and it also reviews various aspects of its taxonomy, botany, origin, ecology, properties, uses, diversity, and breeding. All the life cycle descriptions are referred to the northern hemisphere climatic conditions. In addition, a full account of the crop-producing areas, agronomy, limitations, industry market, and prospects is presented.
[Comparative study of the glycosidases of 2 Lepidoptera wood-eating Cossidae (Cossus cossus L., and Zeuzera pyrina L.) and various wood-eating Coleoptera].

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The authors present here the results of their research concerning the study of the osidases of the caterpillars Cossus cossus L. and Zeuzera pyrina L. (Lepidoptera Cossidae). Its enzyme equipment shows very important differences compared to the different species of Scolytidae, Cerambycidae, Curculionidae and Buprestidae. The differences are lie especially in the absence of some osidases acting on polysaccharides (hémicelluloses and cellulose).
Ultrastructure of spermiogenesis in the caryophyllidean cestode Wenyonia virilis Woodland, 1923, with re-assessment of flagellar rotation in Glaridacris catostomi Cooper, 1920

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract The ultrastructure of spermiogenesis in Wenyonia virilis Woodland, 1923, a caryophyllaeid cestode from the silurid Nile fish Synodontis schall (Bloch et Schneider, 1801), is described by means of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) for the first time. Spermiogenesis follows the characteristic caryophyllidean type and is initiated by the formation of a differentiation zone. This area, delimited at its base by a ring of arching membranes and bordered by cortical microtubules, contains two centrioles associated with typical striated rootlets with a reduced intercentriolar body between them. The apical area of the differentiation zone exhibits electron-dense material that is present only during the early stages of spermiogenesis. Only one of the centrioles develops into a free flagellum that grows at an angle of >90° in relation to the cytoplasmic extension. Spermiogenesis is also characterized by a flagellar rotation and a proximodistal fusion of the flagellum with the cytoplasmic extension. The most interesting features observed in W virilis are the presence of a reduced, very narrow intercentriolar body and the unique type of flagellar rotation >90°. Results are compared with those described in two caryophyllideans, Glaridacris catostomi Cooper, 1920 and Khawia armeniaca (Cholodkovski, 1915). Contrary to the original report of Świderski and Mackiewicz (2002), that flagellar rotation has never been observed in spermiogenesis of G. catostomi, re-assessment of their description and illustrations leads us to conclude that flagellar rotation must logically occur in that species. The value of various morphological features of sperm in phylogenetic inference is discussed.
Peripheral Nerve Schwannomas: A Literature Review

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Introduction Schwannomas are benign tumors originating from the cells, which wrap around axons that are usually encapsulated and solitary. These tumors usually lead to little or no symptomatology. They are usually the most common peripheral nerve tumors in adults, with their highest incidence between the third and fifth decades of life. Objective To perform a review about schwannoma of the peripheral nerves, presenting its definition, epidemiology, diagnosis, symptomatology and treatment. Methodology This is a descriptive work, based on a review of articles available in the PubMed database with the descriptors schwannoma and peripheral nerves. Results and Discussion Only papers published between 1981 and 2019, describing studies in humans, and that were available as full articles were selected. A total of 391 articles were included; after reading the titles, we noted that 67 articles fit the topic of the present study. Among the articles selected for reading, 33 fit the objectives of the present work, and were considered for the writing of the present article. Conclusion Schwannomas are benign myelin sheath tumors that develop with local symptomatology or asymptomatic and present a good surgical prognosis with generally reduced rates of surgical complications.
Impact of Surfactant Therapy on Preterm Neonates: A Meta-Analysis Evaluating Respiratory and Hemodynamic Outcomes

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction: Surfactant deficiency is a major contributor to neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in preterm infants. Surfactant replacement therapy has become a cornerstone in managing RDS, but its impact on broader respiratory and hemodynamic outcomes remains an area of active investigation. This meta-analysis aimed to comprehensively evaluate the effects of surfactant therapy on preterm neonates, encompassing both respiratory and hemodynamic parameters. Methods: A systematic search of electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library) was conducted to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies evaluating surfactant therapy in preterm neonates. Studies reporting on respiratory outcomes (need for mechanical ventilation, duration of ventilation, oxygen requirement) and hemodynamic outcomes (patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) incidence, blood pressure, cerebral blood flow) were included. Data extraction and quality assessment were performed independently by two reviewers. Meta-analyses were conducted using random-effects models. Results: A total of 35 studies (22 RCTs, 13 observational studies) involving 4,875 preterm neonates were included. Surfactant therapy was associated with a significant reduction in the need for mechanical ventilation (RR 0.72, 95% CI 0.65-0.80, p<0.001), duration of mechanical ventilation (MD -1.8 days, 95% CI -2.5 to -1.1, p<0.001), and oxygen requirement (MD -5%, 95% CI -7 to -3, p<0.001). A trend towards reduced incidence of PDA was observed (RR 0.85, 95% CI 0.71-1.02, p=0.08). Surfactant therapy also led to improvements in blood pressure parameters and cerebral blood flow. Conclusion: Surfactant therapy in preterm neonates confers significant benefits in respiratory outcomes, including reduced need for and duration of mechanical ventilation, and decreased oxygen requirement. A potential beneficial effect on PDA incidence warrants further investigation. These findings underscore the critical role of surfactant therapy in improving the respiratory and hemodynamic status of preterm neonates.
AREDS Formula, Warfarin, and Bleeding: A Case Report from the Michigan Anticoagulation Quality Improvement Initiative

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Importance. The anticoagulant warfarin has been shown to interact with other medications, vitamin K containing foods, and over-the-counter products. These interactions may inhibit or potentiate the effect of warfarin, resulting in serious clotting or bleeding events. Observations. We report the case of an 84-year-old woman with atrial fibrillation, prescribed warfarin in May 2010 for stroke prevention. Her international normalized ratio (INR) was stable until April 2013, when she was prescribed AREDS (Age Related Eye Disease Study) formula pills, an eye vitamin compound, to slow the progression of age-related macular degeneration. This change was not reported to the Anticoagulation Service. Eighteen days later, she presented to the ED with groin and back pain and an INR of 10.4. An abdominal CT revealed a retroperitoneal hemorrhage with extension in multiple muscles. Both warfarin and AREDS were discontinued and the patient was discharged to subacute rehabilitation. This case was reviewed by the Anticoagulation Service and actions were taken to prevent similar adverse events. Conclusions. This report provides an example of the potential danger of supplement use, in this case, AREDS formula, in patients prescribed warfarin, and the importance of communicating medication changes to the providers responsible for warfarin management.
Studies on the Pituitary Adrenocortical Function with Synthetic

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

副腎皮質steroid療法の副作用の1つに下垂体副腎皮質系抑制がある.外因性steroidに対する下垂体副腎皮質機能を投与時間, 投与量の面から基礎的検討を加え, 特にACTH分泌機構の1つであるdiurnal rhysmとの関連が大きいことを明らかにした.これに基づきsteroidの隔日投与療法の特質と限界について検討し更に臨床例について副作用の少ないすぐれたsteroid投与法であることを示した.
Cytological and molecular diagnosis of solid variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma: A case report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) composed by predominant solid areas is diagnosed as a distinct variant on histological samples. Here we present a case of PTC recognized preoperatively by fine needle cytology as a solid variant. This diagnosis was made by combining cytology with the detection of the BRAF<sup>VK600-1E </sup>mutation, the molecular hallmark of the solid variant of PTC. Histological and molecular evaluation of the surgical specimen confirmed this pre-operative diagnosis. Thus combining cytology to <it>BRAF </it>molecular analysis is useful to refine the cytological diagnosis of this variant also on FNC specimens.</p>
[Skin manifestations in patients with renal chronic renal failure on regular hemodyalysis].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The authors studied the skin disorders in 50 hemodialyzed patients. Pruritus appears to be the main dermatological feature by the frequency of its occurrence and by its unpleasant and even intolerable effects. This sign is more frequent among long time dialyzed patients and seems to be due to 2 factors: high urea blood concentration and secondary hyperparathyroidism. Calcinosis cutis is less frequent than pruritus. It seems to have the same origin and can be considered in the more general picture of the metastatic calcinosis in patients with renal failure and secondary hyperparathyroidism. Hypermelanosis, exceptional in the chronic renal insufficiency patients before hemodialysis, is present in 41% of our group. It is more obvious in the long time dialyzed patients. The nail disorders are mostly the absence of lunula (30%), related to the anaemia, and the half and half nail (36%) that seems specific of the severe azotaemia. Skin dryness (30%) and ichthyosis (10%) can be related to the pruritus. Alopecia, drug reactions and prurigo seems to have a particular indidence. Two patients presented bullous eruptions localized in sunlight exposed areas of skin. The clinical, histological and immunological aspect was identical to that observed in the Porphyria Cutanea Tarda but all the porphyrin levels in the urine and faeces were normal.
Response of Zucchini Plants to Nano and Organic Fertilizers Application Grown in Sandy Soil

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Nanotechnology and organic fertilization are represented the most important tools for agriculture and anticipated to become a driving economic force in the near future. Two field experiments were carried out on sandy soil at El Ismailia Research Station, Agriculture Research Center Egypt, to study the effects of application of nitrogen fertilizer, as black urea, Nano black urea and organic fertilizer FMY, nutrients and productivity of Cucurbita pepo L. Two rates of FMY at 50 and 100 m3 ha-1 was applied to the soil with soil application of black urea and Nano black urea) with applied both as foliar application on plants. A split-plot design with four replications for each treatment was used, during the two summer seasons of 2019 and 2020. Results obtained showed that yield components of plants increased with applied Nano black urea and black urea accompanied with application both rates of FMY. The Nano black urea accompanied with FMY applied at a rate of 100 m3 ha-1 give the highest yield values. However, effective treatment was foliar Nano black urea application with a rate of 0.5 ppm with organic fertilizer FMY at rate of 100 m3 ha-1 and gave the highest significant values of fruits yield (300, 327, 342, 356 and 373 g plant-1 for five times picked, respectively. On the other hands, in foliar application, fruits weight yield was higher than the first cut. Nutrients contents showed almost a trend as all parameters under study the superior treatment was at Nano black urea foliar application a rate of 0.5 ppm with 100 m3 ha-1 of FMY with high availability of nutrients at the studied soil.
Identifying the Best Treatment in Adult Spinal Deformity: A Decision Analysis Approach

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Introduction Adult spinal deformity (ASD) is a major public health problem. There are pros and cons of the available treatment alternatives (surgical or non-surgical) and it had been difficult to identify the best treatment modality. Aim of this study is to construct a statistical decision analysis (DA) model to identify the optimum overall treatment in ASD. Material and Methods From an international multicentre database of ASD patients (968 pts), 535 who had completed 1 year follow-up (371 non-surgical –NS), 164 surgical –S), constitute the population of this study. DA was structured in two main steps of: 1) Baseline analysis (Assessing the probabilities of outcomes, Assessing the values of preference –utilities-, Combining information on probability and utility and assigning the quality adjusted life expectancy (QALE) for each treatment) and 2) Sensitivity analysis. Results 432 patients (309 NS, 123 S) had baseline and 1 year follow-up ODI measurements. Overall, 104 (24.1%) were found to be improved (a decrease in ODI > 8 points), 225 (52.1%) unchanged (−8 > ODI > 8) and 65 deteriorated. Surgery presented with a higher chance of improvement (54.2%) versus NS (9.7%) (Table 1a). The overall QALE ranged from 56 to 69 (of 100 years) and demonstrated better final outcomes in the NS group, although this group had also started with higher QALE. There were improvements in overall QALE in both groups but this was significant only in the surgical group (Table 1b). In addition, in the subgroup of patients with significant baseline disability (ODI > 25) surgery appeared to yield marginally better final QALE (Table 1c). Conclusion This study demonstrated that a single best treatment modality for ASD may not exist. Conservative treatment appears to yield higher (up to 6%) QALE compared with surgery, probably secondary to a higher baseline QALE; except in patients with significant disability at baseline. On the other hand, surgery provides a significantly higher increase in QALE and chances of improvement at 1st year are significantly lower with NS treatment.
Findings of remote monitoring of implantable cardioverter defibrillators during the COVID‐19 pandemic

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Monitoring of cardiac implantable electronic devices was highly impacted by the COVID‐19 pandemic considering the high volume of in‐person visits for regular follow‐up. Recent recommendations highlight the important role of remote monitoring to prevent exposure to the virus. This study compared remote monitoring of implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) in patients whose in‐person annual visit was substituted for a remote monitoring session with patients who were already scheduled for a remote monitoring session. Methods This was a cross‐sectional observational study of 329 consecutive patients between 20 March and 24 April 2020. Group 1 included 131 patients whose in‐person annual visit was substituted for a remote monitoring session. Group 2 included 198 patients who underwent a remote monitoring session as scheduled in their usual device follow‐up. The time interval since the last in‐person visit was 13.3 ± 3.2 months in group 1 and 5.9 ± 1.7 months in group 2 ( P < .01). Results In group 1, 15 patients (11.5%) experienced a clinical event compared to 15 patients (7.6%) in group 2 ( P = .25). Nineteen patients (14.5%) required a physician intervention in group 1 compared to 19 patients (9.6%) in group 2 ( P = .22). Two patients (1.5%) in group 1 and four patients (2.0%) in group 2 required an early in‐person follow‐up visit during the pandemic ( P > .99). Conclusion Remote monitoring of ICDs is useful to identify clinical events and allows physicians to treat patients appropriately during the COVID‐19 pandemic regardless of the time interval since their last in‐person visit. It reduces significantly in‐person visit for regular follow‐up.
Our interventional lung assist experience with tracheoesophageal fistula in intensive care unit: A case report

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) is a congenital or acquired communication between the trachea and esophagus. Acquired TEF is a rare but serious clinical entity. Here, we report the treatment of a patient with interventional lung assist (ILA) in the course of TEF -related hipercarbia and respiratory acidosis as a result of failure of protective ventilation strategy and his outcome after treatment. iLA contains a specially designed low resistance lung membrane, which uses the pressure difference between the arterial and venous circulation. This system enables the use of high airway pressures for oxygenation in combination with very low tidal volumes to avoid ventilator-induced lung injury and this gives time to patient for lung recovery. [Med-Science 2018; 7(1.000): 238-242]