jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Layout and Image Recognition Driving Cross-Platform Automated Mobile Testing

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

The fragmentation problem has extended from Android to different platforms, such as iOS, mobile web, and even mini-programs within some applications (app), like WeChat. In such a situation, recording and replaying test scripts is one of the most popular automated mobile app testing approaches. However, such approach encounters severe problems when crossing platforms. Different versions of the same app need to be developed to support different platforms relying on different platform supports. Therefore, mobile app developers need to develop and maintain test scripts for multiple platforms aimed at completely the same test requirements, greatly increasing testing costs. However, we discover that developers adopt highly similar user interface layouts for versions of the same app on different platforms. Such a phenomenon inspires us to replay test scripts from the perspective of similar UI layouts. In this paper, we propose an image-driven mobile app testing framework, utilizing Widget Feature Matching and Layout Characterization Matching to analyze app UIs. We use computer vision (CV) technologies to perform UI feature comparison and layout hierarchy extraction on mobile app screenshots to obtain UI structures containing rich contextual information of app widgets, including coordinates, relative relationship, etc. Based on acquired UI structures, we can form a platform-independent test script, and then locate the target widgets under test. Thus, the proposed framework non-intrusively replays test scripts according to a novel platform-independent test script model. We also design and implement a tool named LIRAT to devote the proposed framework into practice, based on which, we conduct an empirical study to evaluate the effectiveness and usability of the proposed testing framework. The results show that the overall replay accuracy reaches around 65.85% on Android (8.74% improvement over state-of-the-art approaches) and 35.26% on iOS (35% improvement over state-of-the-art approaches).
Hematocolpos with imperforate hemi-vagina and duplicated uterus: diagnosis and treatment.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Cases of four patients treated at La Marsa University Hospital, in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology between 2000 and 2004, were reported. Mean age=17.2 years (range: 15-22 years). Three left hematocolpos and a right one are observed. All patients underwent vaginal conservative surgical treatment (excision of vaginal septum) +/- radical treatment: hemi- colpohysterectomy in case of failure of conservative treatment. The clinical presentation was a primary dysmenorrhea associated with a pelvic collection. An ipsilateral renal agenesis is present in all cases. Sonography is essential to assess the diagnosis of renal anomalies. Pelvic MRI is the most important examination. It accurately localises the different collections and identifies their content. Conservative surgical management was effective in three cases out of four.
Design and Optimization of a Wind Deflector for Round-Nose MD-500 Series Helicopters

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

This thesis examines the problem experienced by the numerous rotary wing operators whose operations require flight with personnel seated outside the fuselage or with doors off. This investigation is specific to the round nose configured MD-500 series aircraft due to test aircraft availability and the wide range of missions it conducts worldwide. During cruise flight, personnel exposed to the aircraft slipstream are subjected to high wind loads and extreme wind chill effects, compromising their ability to perform required tasks. External passengers also add to the overall helicopter parasite drag, decreasing its performance as well as interfering with the crew through increased noise, wind and turbulence in the cockpit. Prior research indicates that attachment of wind deflectors to the helicopter forward fuselage diverts the wind away from the fuselage, reducing overall parasite drag and slipstream effects on external passengers. The purpose of this investigation is threefold, identification of the structural requirements for airframe integration, design and fabrication of airworthy test deflectors, and evaluation of effects of the devices on external passengers, helicopter performance and pilot interface. Seven full-scale wind deflector configurations were flight tested at airspeeds of 0 to 80 knots. The deflector configured with a sweep angle of 50˚and width of 8 inches with Gurney flap provided for reductions of 52% in external passenger load, 2 psi main rotor torque in 80 knot cruise and significantly less wind, noise and turbulence in the cockpit.
Additional file 3 of The impact of selected methodological factors on data collection outcomes in observational studies of device-measured physical behaviour in adults: A systematic review

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Additional file 3. Supplementary table S2 legend. Supplementary Table 1. Extracted data for each study wave included in this review.Start of data collection: refers to the initiation of accelerometer data collection. N Invited: the number of participants invited to wear an accelerometer. N Consented: the number of participants who consented to wear an accelerometer. N Lost: the number of devices lost during measurement. N Adhered: the number of participants who met the minimum accelerometer wear criteria. Information sources: i. References: The primary reference for information regarding a study wave. ii. Data provided or verified by study team: ‘Yes’ indicates that a member of the study team (principal investigator, co-investigator, author) provided some or all of the data described, and/or verified the accuracy of the extracted data. ‘Unclear: the designation unclear indicates that the information was not available from published articles, publicly available documentation or through correspondence with the study team, was not measured or recorded, or otherwise could not be confirmed with certainty by the review team.
Assembling defined DNA nanostructures with anticancer drugs: a metformin/DNA complex nanoplatform with a synergistic antitumor effect for KRAS-mutated lung cancer therapy

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Herein, a strategy is proposed to simultaneously deliver the small-molecule drug metformin and siRNA with self-assembled DNA nanostructures. The biomedical application of DNA nanostructures is highly promising but still in its infancy. DNA nanostructures as drug delivery vehicles are conventionally synthesized in a magnesium-containing buffer. We propose using an anticancer drug to assemble DNA nanostructures and deliver them with siRNA for synergistic anticancer therapy. The metformin cargo induces DNA self-assembly into well-defined, uniform nanostructures, producing a drug–DNA nanocomplex with multiple functionalities for cancer therapy. Both tile-based and DNA origami structures can be assembled with metformin. The as-prepared metformin/DNA nanocomplex showed high structural and thermal stability and enzymatic resistance in physiological settings. The metformin in the nanocomplex and the KRAS G12C siRNA exerted a strong, synergistic antitumor effect against KRAS-mutated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) both in vitro and in vivo by suppressing the RAS/AKT/mTOR and AMPK/AKT/mTOR signaling pathways. The current study suggests that the assembly of complex DNA nanomaterials with carefully chosen small molecules is key to endowing DNA nanostructures with new functionalities and subsequently expanding their applications in multidisciplinary research fields.
Reconstitution of catecholamine-stimulated binding of guanosine 5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate) to the stimulatory GTP-binding protein of adenylate cyclase

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

The stimulatory GTP-binding protein (Gs) of adenylate cyclase, purified from rabbit liver, and beta-adrenergic receptors, partially purified 1000-4000-fold from turkey erythrocyte plasma membranes, were coreconstituted into unilamellar phospholipid vesicles. The molar ratio of Gs to receptors in the vesicles varied from 3 to 10 in different preparations, as measured by guanosine 5'-O-(3-[35S]thiotriphosphate) [( 35S]GTP gamma S) binding to Gs and [125I]iodocyanopindolol binding to receptors. Activation of reconstituted Gs by GTP gamma S was stimulated up to 10-fold by the addition of the beta-adrenergic agonist (-)-isoproterenol. Activation was assayed functionally by reconstitution with the catalytic unit of adenylate cyclase. Because of the relative purity of this preparation, the quasi-irreversible binding of [35S]GTP gamma S could also be measured in the vesicles and was shown to parallel the functional activation of Gs under all conditions. Most of the assayable Gs in the vesicles could interact with the receptors and undergo agonist-stimulated activation. Agonist-stimulated activation and [35S]GTP gamma S binding were complete in less than 3 min, even under suboptimal conditions, and could go to completion in less than 20 s under maximal stimulation. Agonist-stimulated binding did not require appreciable free Mg2+ (less than 0.1 mM). Activation in the absence of agonist was stimulated by free Mg2+, but maximal activation took up to 10 min in the presence of 50 mM MgCl2. Reconstitution increased the stability of Gs to thermal denaturation. The addition of beta-adrenergic agonist further stabilized Gs, presumably by the formation of a stable agonist-receptor-Gs complex.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Raman Spectra of Carbon Dioxide and Its Isotopic Variants in the Fermi Resonance Region: Part III. Analysis of Rovibrational Intensities for 12C16O2, 13C16O2, 12C18O2 and 12C16O18O

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract The present work deals with the intensity analysis of rovibrationally resolved Raman spectra of natural and 13 C as well as 18 O isotopically enriched samples of CO 2 photoelectrically recorded in the Fermi resonance region (1100–1460 cm −1 ). Based upon Chedin's set of rovibrational data [1] and upon the polarizability theory of Raman scattering, we have successfully fitted our calculated intensities to the measured spectra of each isotopic species. — The procedure yields values for three parameters, namely (δ 2 ƒ ‐ I0 /δ q 2,+ ;δ q 2,‐ ) (δƒ ‐ I0 /δ q 1 ) = ‐ 0.200 and ‐ 0.100 (± 3%) for t = 0 and t = 2, respectively, and |(δƒ ‐ 00 /& dgr; q 1 /δ ƒ ‐ 20 /δ q 1 )| ≈ 1.47 ± 2%, that are derived from the spherical polarizability tensor ƒ ‐ Iq . A spectroscopic temperature can be evaluated within error limits of less than ± 1%.
Screening of Aggregatum Onion Varieties for Sodicity Tolerance

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Sodicity is a major factor affects crop growth and productivity at global level. In the cultivablel and at global level, 23% is affected by salinity and 37% land by sodicity. Two seed propagating aggregatum onion varieties (CO 5, CO 6) and two bulb propagating aggregatum onion varieties (Permbalurlocal, thuraiyurlocal) were screened by employing germination test in an osmatic solution of NaHCO3 (Sodium bicorbanate). Three Replications of 20 seeds of each variety were counted and distributed over two layers of paper towel (21x21 cm) previously moistened with water equivalent to three times the dry weight of the paper and tied both ends with rubber band and kept in a plastic tray with different concentrations (0, 10 mM, 20 mM, 30 mM, 40 mM, 50 mM) of NaHCO3 (sodium bicorbanate). Also another bulb propagated varieties, perambalur and thuraiyur local varieties bulb directly sown in beaker have 1.5 kg sand. Control beaker irrigated with only water and other beakers irrigated with different concentrations (25 mM, 50 mM, 75 mM and 100 mM) of sodium bicarbonate solution. Germination percentage was recorded 7 days after. At the end of the 21th day,in four aggregatumonion varieties where final germination per cent, root length, shootlength, vigourindex, stresstolerant index, relative water content and membrane stability index, were recorded in NaHCO3 solution as against the distilled water was calculated. The experiment was designed as a completely randomized design with two factors. As a result a decline in all onion growth paramers, with increasing sodicity stress has been recorded. Significant differences were observed betweenthe varieties and different NaHCO3 concentrations. Irrespective of NaHCO3 concentrations two seed propagating aggregatum onion varieties, CO 6 recorded significantly maximum stress tolerant indexcompare with CO 5 and two bulb propagating aggregatum onion varieties, Thuraiyur local variety recorded significantly maximum stress tolerant index compare with Perambalur local in all sodicity concentation. Based on stress tolerant index, CO 6 and thuraiyur local variety tolerant to sodicity stress and CO5, perambalurlocal variety susceptible to sodicity stress.
Prognoses Associated With Palliative Performance Scale Scores in Modern Palliative Care Practice

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Importance The Palliative Performance Scale (PPS) is one of the most widely used prognostic tools for patients with serious illness. However, current prognostic estimates associated with PPS scores are based on data that are over a decade old. Objective To generate updated prognostic estimates by PPS score, care setting, and illness category, and examine how well PPS predicts short- and longer-term survival. Design, Setting, and Participants This prognostic study was conducted at a large academic medical center with robust inpatient and outpatient palliative care practices using electronic health record data linked with data from California Vital Records. Eligible participants included patients who received a palliative care consultation between January 1, 2018, and December 31, 2020. Data analysis was conducted from November 2022 to February 2024. Exposure Palliative care consultation with a PPS score documented. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcomes were predicted 1-, 6-, and 12-month mortality and median survival of patients by PPS score in the inpatient and outpatient settings, and performance of the PPS across a range of survival times. In subgroup analyses, mortality risk by PPS score was estimated in patients with cancer vs noncancer illnesses and those seen in-person vs by video telemedicine in the outpatient setting. Results Overall, 4779 patients (mean [SD] age, 63.5 [14.8] years; 2437 female [51.0%] and 2342 male [49.0%]) had a palliative care consultation with a PPS score documented. Of these patients, 2276 were seen in the inpatient setting and 3080 were seen in the outpatient setting. In both the inpatient and outpatient settings, 1-, 6-, and 12-month mortality were higher and median survival was shorter for patients with lower PPS scores. Prognostic estimates associated with PPS scores were substantially longer (2.3- to 11.7-fold) than previous estimates commonly used by clinicians. The PPS had good ability to discriminate between patients who lived and those who died in the inpatient setting (integrated time-dependent area under the curve [iAUC], 0.74) but its discriminative ability was lower in the outpatient setting (iAUC, 0.67). The PPS better predicted 1-month survival than longer-term survival. Mortality rates were higher for patients with cancer than other serious illnesses at most PPS levels. Conclusions and Relevance In this prognostic study, prognostic estimates associated with PPS scores were substantially longer than previous estimates commonly used by clinicians. Based on these findings, an online calculator was updated to assist clinicians in reaching prognostic estimates that are more consistent with modern palliative care practice and specific to the patient’s setting and diagnosis group.
Chlamydia trachomatis induces expression of IFN-g-inducible protein 10 and IFN-b independent of TLR2 and TLR4, but largely dependent on MyD88

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

IFN-γ-inducible protein 10 (IP-10) is a chemokine important in the attraction of T cells, which are essential for resolution of chlamydial genital tract infection. During infections with Gram-negative bacteria, the IP-10 response mediated through type I IFNs usually occurs as a result of TLR4 stimulation by bacterial LPS. However, we found that levels of IP-10 in genital tract secretions of Chlamydia trachomatis-infected female wild-type mice were similar to those of infected TLR2- and TLR4-deficient mice but significantly greater than those of infected MyD88-deficient mice. We investigated the mechanism of IP-10 and IFN-β induction during chlamydial infection using mouse macrophages and fibroblasts infected ex vivo. The induction of IP-10 and IFN-β was unchanged in Chlamydia-infected TLR2- and TLR4-deficient cells compared with wild-type cells. However, infection of MyD88-deficient cells resulted in significantly decreased responses. These results suggest a role for MyD88-dependent pathways in induction of IP-10 and IFN-β during chlamydial infection. Furthermore, treatment of infected macrophages with an endosomal maturation inhibitor significantly reduced chlamydial-induced IFN-β. Because endosomal maturation is required for MyD88-dependent intracellular pathogen recognition receptors to function, our data suggest a role for the intracellular pathogen recognition receptor(s) in induction of IFN-β and IP-10 during chlamydial infection. Furthermore, the intracellular pathways that lead to chlamydial-induced IFN-β function through TANK-binding kinase mediated phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of IFN regulatory factor-3.
A Novel Way of Separation and Preparation Noncaffeine Tea Polyphenols from Green Tea Waste

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

A simple, clean and economical way of separation and preparation noncaffeine tea polyphenols from green tea waste in one-step by Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography was developed. 20% (v/v) ethanol solution was used for removing caffeine and other components in the first stepwise elution, and tea polyphenols was eluted with 60% (v/v) ethanol solution by using reversed flow in the second stepwise elution. The yield of tea polyphenols above 11% with the purity about 98% and the content of catechins more than 91%, and the content of caffeine in tea polyphenols have not been detected by high-performance liquid chromatography. The recovery of tea polyphenols by column chromatography were about 86%, and the stability of preparative way is very good. Compared with conventional extraction and decaffeination ways, this way has more excellent advantages, such as cheaper raw material, no toxic residues, higher yield, commercially feasible and environment friendly.
Wineinformatics: Wine Score Prediction with Wine Price and Reviews

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Wineinformatics is a new field that applies data science to wine-related data. The goal of this paper is to determine whether incorporating wine price can improve the accuracy of score prediction. To explore the relationship between wine price and wine score, naive Bayes classifier and support vector machine (SVM) classifier are employed to predict the scores as either equal to or above 90 or below 90. The price values are normalized using four different methods: mean, median, boxplot mean, and boxplot median. To conduct a proper comparison, the original dataset from previous research, which includes a total of 14,349 wine reviews, was preprocessed by filtering all null price values, resulting in 9721 wine reviews. Using this dataset, classifiers, and normalization methods, the models with and without the price feature were compared. SVM classifier with mean normalization method (USD 50.04) achieved the best accuracy of 87.98%, while naive Bayes classifier with boxplot median normalization method (USD 28.00) showed the greatest improvement of 0.99%. From all the results, we concluded that boxplot median normalization (USD 28.00) is the most effective method in this study. These results indicate that incorporating price as an attribute enhances machine learning algorithms’ ability to recognize the correlation between wine reviews and scores.
Diagnosing Dissent: Hysterics, Deserters, and Conscientious Objectors in Germany during World War One By Rebecca Ayako Bennette. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2020. Pp. 228. Cloth $39.95. ISBN 978-1501751202.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Diagnosing Dissent: Hysterics, Deserters, and Conscientious Objectors in Germany during World War One By Rebecca Ayako Bennette. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2020. Pp. 228. Cloth $39.95. ISBN 978-1501751202. - Volume 55 Issue 3
Effect of temperature variations on optical waveguiding in GaAs multiple quantum wells

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

Photoluminescence and grating coupling techniques have been used to investigate the effect of temperature variations, about room temperature, on the optical waveguiding properties of GaAs/AlGaAs multiple-quantum-well structures. The modal properties are found to exhibit a large temperature dependence near the excitonic resonance and an equally strong dependence on detuning. From the simultaneous measurement of changes in refractive index and absorption over a 20 K temperature range, it is concluded that temperature variations should be kept to within several kelvin in quantum-well devices, if substantial detuning and dielectric shifts are to be avoided.< >
Global optimization of deficit irrigation systems using evolutionary algorithms

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Water is a limited resource and the dramatically increasing world population requires a significant increase in food production. For improving both crop yield and water use efficiency, the usual optimization strategy in furrow irrigation at the field level considers scheduling parameters, i.e. when and how much to irrigate, as well as control parameters, i.e. the intensity and the irrigation time, for each water application. Optimizing control and schedule parameters in irrigation is considered as a nested problem. The objective of the global optimization is to achieve maximum crop yield with a given, but limited water volume, which can be arbitrary distributed over the number of irrigations. It is difficult to solve the global optimization problem, because the target function has many locally optimal solutions and the number of optimization variables, i.e. the number of irrigations is unknown a-priori. For this reason, a made to measure evolutionary optimisation technique (EA) is employed to find a near-optimal solution of the global optimization problem within acceptable computational time. The results provided by the new optimization strategy are compared with the popular SCE-UA optimization algorithm and Mesh-Adaptive Direct Search (MADS). The comparison demonstrated a striking superiority of the new tool with respect to both the achieved irrigation efficiency and the required computational time.