jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Quantitative E. coli Enzyme Detection in Reporter Hydrogel-Coated Paper Using a Smartphone Camera

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

There is a growing demand for rapid and sensitive detection approaches for pathogenic bacteria that can be applied by non-specialists in non-laboratory field settings. Here, the detection of the typical E. coli enzyme β-glucuronidase using a chitosan-based sensing hydrogel-coated paper sensor and the detailed analysis of the reaction kinetics, as detected by a smartphone camera, is reported. The chromogenic reporter unit affords an intense blue color in a two-step reaction, which was analyzed using a modified Michaelis–Menten approach. This generalizable approach can be used to determine the limit of detection and comprises an invaluable tool to characterize the performance of lab-in-a-phone type approaches. For the particular system analyzed, the ratio of reaction rate and equilibrium constants of the enzyme–substrate complex are 0.3 and 0.9 pM−1h−1 for β-glucuronidase in phosphate buffered saline and lysogeny broth, respectively. The minimal degree of substrate conversion for detection of the indigo pigment formed during the reaction is 0.15, while the minimal time required for detection in this particular system is ~2 h at an enzyme concentration of 100 nM. Therefore, this approach is applicable for quantitative lab-in-a-phone based point of care detection systems that are based on enzymatic substrate conversion via bacterial enzymes.
Supporting the Development of Novice Teachers: A Multi-tiered and Differentiated Approach

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This article explored innovative methods of delivering novice teacher induction in support of assisting and retaining new teachers. Rather than conducting traditional mentoring and new teacher professional development days, the authors advocate for more personalized, differentiated, and systemic ongoing methods including assigning and training Support and Content Mentors, providing a Streamlined and Scaffolded Teacher Induction Program, and then offering in-depth Differentiated Instructional Coaching support in order to assist in developing and retaining new teachers.
Case report: twin supernumerary maxillary central incisors, unerupted maxillary central incisors. Early orthodontic treatment in ten-year-old child.

Field: Dentistry (Health Sciences)

This is the case report of a 10 year-old female Caucasian with a mixed dentition Class I right and Class II left side malocclusion and unerupted maxillary central incisors. It was necessary for the oral surgeon to remove twin supernumerary mesiodens prior to the placement of orthodontic appliances. Space was created to accommodate the customary, also unerupted central incisors, which were rotated 90 degrees to the midline.
Integrating cover crops and targeted herbicide applications in cotton production

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Cover crops are part of integrated weed control management to help mitigate herbicide resistance evolution. Targeted sprays from the John Deere See & Spray are currently not recommended in cover crops. Experiments were conducted yearly from 2022 to 2024 in Keiser, AR, to evaluate targeted applications (TAs) with cover crops in cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.). Treatments assessed the main effect of winter cover crop (fallow, cereal rye [ Secale cereale L.], or hairy vetch [ Vicia villosa Roth]), herbicide application methods (nontreated, broadcast [BC], TA + BC residuals [TA + BCRs], or TA only), and the interaction on cotton tolerance, weed control, and herbicide savings. Cereal rye generally aided weed control efforts across the weeds evaluated, and there were instances of herbicide savings at the preemergence and mid‐postemergence (MPOST) timings when using TA or TA + BCR relative to BC. In some instances, TA POST + RES reduced weed control. At layby, TA‐only applications reduced Palmer amaranth control by 5–10 percentage points in winter fallow systems compared to the BC in 2022 and 2023. In 2024 at MPOST, low herbicide savings occurred in the winter fallow cover systems (2.9%), whereas TA + BCR saved 29.4% and 26.5% for cereal rye and hairy vetch, respectively. In conclusion, See & Spray improved environmental stewardship and could detect and treat weeds in standing cover crop biomass, providing comparable control to the BC application at the end of the season (≥92% for all species).
ChemInform Abstract: Studies Towards the Total Synthesis of the Marine‐Derived Immunosuppressant Discodermolide: Stereoselective Synthesis of a C9‐ C24 Subunit.

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Factors impacting bladder underactivity and clinical implications.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Lower urinary tract symptoms in the voiding phase can be due to an underactive bladder, but are usually similar to symptoms of infravesical obstruction or dysfunctional voiding. The underactive bladder can be caused by an impaired detrusor contraction but also by a derangement of local and central neuro-cognitive regulatory systems or an impairment of bladder sensation. Potential risk factors of bladder underactivity include: ageing, diabetes, neurogenic disease, cardiovascular disease, obstruction and psychological causes. Comprehensive diagnostic and detection techniques for an underactive detrusor are necessary. To establish the diagnosis and follow up new treatments, useful urodynamic parameters and threshold values have to be determined. As neuro-cognitive regulation plays an important role in the control of voiding, psychological factors have to be taken into account during the assessment in these patients. Ambulatory urodynamic techniques therefore have to be considered. Voiding is determined by the balance of both the detrusor contraction and the resistance of the bladder outlet, a dysfunction in one factor can be compensated by a counter-acting function of the other factor. Therefore, to predict voiding problems in the future, it will be indicated to assess the compensatory capacity of the detrusor contractility, contractile reserve, and the outlet relaxation capacity. If novel treatments and evaluation techniques have become available, it is likely that in the future, many patients that get a TURP now, can be treated by pharmacological agents directed towards increasing the bladder contractility in a balanced combination with medication directed towards lowering the bladder outlet resistance.
The promoter and enhancer of the inactive chicken /3-globin gene contains precisely positioned nucleosomes

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Core histone octamers reconstituted In vitro onto DNA fragments containing the chicken /3-globin gene promoter are precisely positioned with respect to the underlying DNA sequence [1]. Here we show that this is also true of the chicken /3-globln gene enhancer. These nucleosome binding sites are also employed within transfected COS cell nuclei, where the chicken /3-globin gene is transcriptionally Inactive. Similar results were found in vivo, where positioned nucleosomes were detected over the Inactive /3-globin promoter in chicken brain cells and 5-day red blood cells, and over the inactive /3-globin enhancer in brain cells. In contrast, the promoter and enhancer regions were found to be nucleosome-free In 15-day erythrocytes where the /3-globln gene Is active. We argue that these results suggest a role for positioned nucleosomes in the regulation of the transcription of the chicken /3-globin gene.
Exploring issues and solutions on indoor environmental quality for sustainable underground space with human occupancy

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Indoor environmental conditions can affect occupants’ performance, health, or satisfaction. In many developed countries, due to the lack of above ground space, more buildings are being constructed below ground to increase useable space. Hence, it is essential to understand Indoor Environment Quality (IEQ) for sustainable living underground. Factors affecting IEQ include thermal comfort, indoor air quality, acoustic comfort and visual comfort (Wong et al., 2009). To provide a sustainable underground space for human occupancy, it is imperative to maintain an acceptable underground indoor environment. The purpose of this study was to understand IEQ for sustainable human occupancy in underground spaces. The experiment was conducted in an air-conditioned office building consisting of a ground and underground floor. To determine the IEQ, thermal comfort parameters like air temperature and relative humidity, carbon dioxide and formaldehyde concentration, and particulate matter (PM) counts were measured over duration of four weeks. The findings of this study found that the underground IEQ was better. The problem associated with working in an enclosed air-conditioned environment includes the risk of suffering from Sick Building Syndrome (SBS). In summary, this study found that a building IEQ is not dependent on the space location, either underground or above ground. Instead, factors like the type of building’s floor material, number of occupants and their activities, CO2 concentration and ambient air temperature would affect the IEQ. However, to better assess the sustainability of underground space with human occupancy, the ambient noise level and luminance should also be measured.
“Born with the taste for science and the arts”: The science and the aesthetics of Balthazar‐Georges Sage's mineralogy collections, 1783–18251

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Balthazar-Georges Sage (1740–1824), a chemist, mineralogist, and the founder of the École Royale des Mines (1783), owned two mineral collections: a mineralogy collection used for his research and teaching, which later became the property of the École Royale itself; and a private cabinet of objets d'art, consisting largely of artistically worked mineral objects. Although created for different purposes, Sage valued both for their utility and their aesthetics. This paper explores the dual character of the collections by presenting Sage as a man of science and an art lover. It argues that his lifelong concern with aesthetics was the underlying link between the two collections, his teaching practices, and his aim in founding of the École Royale des Mines to improve France's mining industry. Through aesthetics, Sage sought to build a coherent whole, which he referred to as a “national monument,” consisting of the collections, the school, and his work as a teacher and a mineralogist. In the years leading up to the French Revolution, the collections—a central part within this coherent whole—were the key element in establishing the social identity of the new institution as well as that of Sage himself. In the context of political upheaval, the social, economic, and aesthetic value of the collections became tied to the political aims of the republic, in particular, its interest in building the new nation through its heritage as conserved in its national monuments: the new republican museums. Sage used the term museum to define both collections: this analysis of their relationship and the different functions he attributed to them reveals how profoundly collecting practices were changing in revolutionary and post-revolutionary France.
A stereo auditory display for visually impaired

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

According to information from the World Health Organization (WHO) as of 1990, there are, approximately, 38 million people who are blind. This paper reports the progress of a funded research project to invent Malaysia's very own electronic travel aid (ETA). The research aims to develop an auditory display system that converts pictures to sound in order to aid the blind in navigation. The experimental system consists of a digital video camera, and a portable computer as well as earphones. The developed software functions as an extractor of the data collected by the camera, processes and transforms the information into sound patterns to indicate the presence of an obstacle while the user is navigating. Assessment for the system is currently being carried out at the laboratory level and preliminary test has shown success in interpreting the sound pattern generated.
Approximation of the KdVB equation by the quintic B-spline differential quadrature method

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

In this paper, the Korteweg-de Vries-Burgersâ€™ (KdVB) equation is solved numerically by anew differential quadrature method based on quintic B-spline functions. The weightingcoefficients are obtained by semi-explicit algorithm including an algebraic system with fivebandcoefficient matrix. The L2 and Lâˆž error norms and lowest three invariants 1 2 I , I and3 I have computed to compare with some earlier studies. Stability analysis of the method isalso given. The obtained numerical results show that the present method performs better thanthe most of the methods available in the literature.
Stroop Interference and Color-Word Similarity

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Stroop interference refers to the finding that it takes longer to name the color of an incongruent color word (e g, the word blue shown in green) than it does to name the color of a neutral stimulus (e g, a series of number signs shown in green) Incongruent color-word stimuli can differ in the similarity between the color in which the word is printed and the color denoted by the word (e g, the word blue shown in green vs yellow) This research shows that the amount of interference obtained is related to color-word similarity, suggesting that word-reading and color-naming processes interact at a conceptual level prior to response emission
Development of an in Vitro System to Simulate the Adsorption of Self-Emulsifying Tea (Camellia oleifera) Seed Oil

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

In this study, tea (Camellia oleifera) seed oil was formulated into self-emulsifying oil formulations (SEOF) to enhance the aqueous dispersibility and intestinal retention to achieve higher bioavailability. Self-emulsifying tea seed oils were developed by using different concentrations of lecithin in combination with surfactant blends (Span®80 and Tween®80). The lecithin/surfactant systems were able to provide clear and stable liquid formulations. The SEOF were investigated for physicochemical properties including appearance, emulsion droplets size, PDI and zeta potential. The chemical compositions of tea seed oil and SEOF were compared using GC-MS techniques. In addition, the oil adsorption measurement on artificial membranes was performed using a Franz cell apparatus and colorimetric analysis. The microscopic structure of membranes was observed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). After aqueous dilution with fed-state simulated gastric fluid (FeSSGF), the droplet size of all SEOF was close to 200 nm with low PDI values and the zeta potential was negative. GC-MS chromatograms revealed that the chemical compositions of SEOF were not significantly different from that of the original tea seed oil. The morphological study showed that only the SEOF could form film layers. The oil droplets were extracted both from membrane treated with tea seed oil and the SEOF in order to evaluate the chemical compositions by GC-MS.
Catechol-O-methyltransferase: substrate-specificity and stereoselectivity for β-adrenoceptor agents

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Isoprenaline, isoetharine, rimiterol, dobutamine and nadolol were investigated as substrates for purified pig-liver catechol-O-methyltransferase using a sensitive spectrophotometric assay. Kinetic parameters, Km and Vmax, were defined and the apparent first-order rate constant (Vmax/Km) was derived. On the basis of the apparent first-order rate constant, rimiterol was found to be a 1.5-fold and dobutamine a 5-fold better substrate for catechol-O-methyltransferase than isoprenaline; isoetharine shows no improvement over isoprenaline. Nadolol is not a substrate for catechol-O-methyltransferase. O-Methylation of isoprenaline- and noradrenaline-enantiomers was found to be stereoselective: catechol-O-methyltransferase shows selectivity towards the laevo (-) isomer with respect to the (+) form or racemic mixture. The investigation indicated stereochemical and steric determinants important in the interaction of catechol-O-methyltransferase with physiologically and clinically important beta-adrenoceptor agents.
The Successive Cohort Design: A Model for Developing New Behavioral Therapies for Drug Use Disorders, and Application to Behavioral Couple Treatment

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

The purpose of this article is to present a new model, coined “successive cohort design” (SCD), for developing and testing psychosocial therapies, and to illustrate the model with a description of a specific treatment developed. Using this SCD, we developed an outpatient Behavioral Couple Therapy for Drug Abuse (BCTD) manual under a National Institute on Drug Abuse Stage 1 Behavioral Therapy Development grant. After a start-up period during which an initial manual was written, 3 cohorts of couples were treated in weekly, 6-month outpatient, manual-guided BCTD, over a 2.5-year period. After each sample wave, the assessment and/or treatment protocol was revised based on our experience of treating that cohort. In total, 24 couples were treated, 12 in the first cohort, 6 in the second, and 6 in the third. Participants were assessed at baseline and 6 and 9 months later. The outcome data are reported elsewhere.1 This SCD for Stage 1 research is offered as a useful and viable therapy development model.
Check-list of the bryophytes of Luxembourg

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

AbstractAbstractA check-list of the bryophyte species of the Grand-Duchy of Luxembourg is given and briefly discussed. An appendix deals with infraspecific taxa. The total number of species is 517 (122 hepatics and 395 mosses); taking into account some acceptable infraspecific taxa, this small country has at least 538 different bryophytes.
The international postpartum depression: action towards causes and treatment (PACT) consortium

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The International Postpartum depression: Action towards Causes and Treatment (PACT) Consortium was founded with the overarching goal of creating an international perinatal psychiatry consortium to conduct novel investigations with large sample sizes to understand the genetic signature of perinatal mood disorders. PACT uses a collaborative and team science approach that includes investigators across 19 institutions and seven continents. The large sample sizes allow for statistically rigorous analyses to investigate perinatal psychiatric disorders, with an initial focus on postpartum depression (PPD). Our current aims are to identify clinical sub-types of PPD that contribute diagnostic heterogeneity, and to elucidate the genetic basis of PPD by conducting the first large genome-wide association study of PPD. To accomplish the latter aim, we are partnering with the Major Depressive Disorder Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium. To date, our consortium members have recruited 17,912 participants and 11,344 participants have been identified using the PPD ACT mobile app, of which 8,432 are PPD cases. Ultimately, we hope this approach will improve detection, diagnosis, and treatment of women who suffer from perinatal psychiatric disorders.
Supplementary data for: Gagliardi et al. (2021) The record of Deinotheriidae from the Miocene of the Swiss Jura Mountains (Jura Canton, Switzerland)

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Supplementary data for: Gagliardi F., Maridet O., Becker D. (2021). The record of Deinotheriidae from the Miocene of the Swiss Jura Mountains (Jura Canton, Switzerland): bioRxiv 2020.08.10.244061; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.08.10.244061
On the bases of Zn lattice

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The ${\mathbb{Z}^n}$ lattice is the lattice generated by the set of all orthogonal unit integer vectors. Since it has an orthonormal basis, the shortest vector problem and the closest vector problem are easy to solve in this particular lattice. But, these problems are hard to solve when we consider a rotation of ${\mathbb{Z}^n}$ lattice. In-fact, even though it is known that the ${\mathbb{Z}^n}$-isomorphism problem is in NP ∩ Co-NP, we still don't have an efficient algorithm to solve it. Motivated by the above, in this paper we investigate the properties of the bases of ${\mathbb{Z}^n}$ lattice which are the sets of column/row vectors of unimodular matrices. We show that an integer primitive vector of norm strictly greater than 1 can be extended to a unimodular matrix U such that the remaining vectors have norm strictly smaller than the initial primitive vector. We also show a reduction from SVP in any lattice isomorphic to ${\mathbb{Z}^n}$ to SVP in n − 1 dimensional sublattice of ${\mathbb{Z}^n}$. We define two new classes of lattice bases and show certain results related to ${\mathbb{Z}^n}$ bases. Finally, we study the relation between any solution to Successive Minima Problem and the set of Voronoi relevant vectors and present some bounds related to the compact bases of ${\mathbb{Z}^n}$.
t(21q21q)/r[t(21q21q)] mosaic in two unrelated patients with mild stigmata of Down's syndrome.

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Two cases of t(21q21q)/r[t(21q21q)] mosaic in unrelated infants, 17 and 14 months old respectively are reported. The proportion of cells with the ring chromosome was 45% in the former, 80% in the latter. Both cases had mild manifestations of the Down's syndrome. The origin of this unusual mosaicism as well as the significance of the difference in the proportions of the ring chromosome in the two have been discussed.
Automatic Grasping Position Adjustment for Robotic Hand by Estimating Center of Gravity Using Disturbance Observer

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Recently, the demand for collaborative robot is increasing. Most of them are smaller to conventional industrial robots. In order to support humans in various field, it is required that they acquire flexible and dexterous motions. The soft motion based on force control will be one of keys to realize such a motion. However, the introduction of force control leads to a decrease in the rigidity of the system, which results in a decrease in positioning accuracy. This poor position tracking accuracy could cause the drop of grasped object, and it leads property damage accidents. Recently, there have been much discussions about the responsibility, handling, and risk management of accident caused by robots. As a solution, we propose the automatic grasping position adjustment for robotic hand to prevent the grasped object from falling. By observing the center of gravity and adjusting its position, the system attempts to shift unstable grasping position to stable position. This paper shows the automatic grasping position adjustment method. Then the performance of proposed method is verified by using actual robotic hand.