jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Acute heart failure: early pharmacological therapy

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Acute heart failure syndromes consist of a spectrum of clinical presentations due to an impairment of some aspect of the cardiac function. They represent a final common pathway for a vast array of pathologies and may be either a de novo presentation or, more commonly, a decompensation of pre-existing chronic heart failure. Despite being one of the most common medical presentations, there are no definitively proven prognosis-modifying treatments. The mainstay of current therapy is oxygen and intravenous diuretics. However, within this spectrum of presentations, there is a crucial dichotomy which governs the ultimate treatment approach, i.e. the presence, or absence, of cardiogenic shock. Patients without cardiogenic shock may receive vasodilators, whilst shocked patients should be considered for treatment with inotropic therapy or mechanical circulatory support, when appropriate and where available.
Alternative Pathways to Exhibit Review: A Roundtable Session on the George Ranch Historical Park

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The George Ranch Historical Park in Richmond, Texas, interprets the state's farming and ranching heritage, as experienced by four generations of a pioneer Texas family. Located a short drive from Houston, this 480-acre outdoor museum offers a unique historical experience to a wide variety of visitors, ranging from schoolchildren to international tourists. The April 2003 meetings of the National Council on Public History featured a roundtable session on the George Ranch as part of an ongoing experiment in alternative forms of museum and exhibit review.
Supply Chain Contract with Double Incentives: An Agency-Theoretic Perspective

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

The problem of designing an incentive contract to coordinate a two-level supply chain is studied in this paper. In a context of one supplier and one retailer supply chain, because of the existence of asymmetric information, most of the retailer's actions are unobservable by the supplier, thus can't be contracted accordingly. To ensure a win-win outcome for both sides, an effective linear contract is developed. Quantitative results are then presented to illustrate the appropriateness and rightfulness of the contract. Furthermore, a comparison is employed and two contracts are evaluated in terms of the cost paid by the principal and the income received by both sides. Relative advantages of the contract are explained.
“I’m Just Who I Am”: Self-Continuity and the Dialogical Self in a Study of Migrants

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Drawing on dialogical self theory, this study aimed to develop understanding of the processes of self-continuity in migrants with complex trajectories. Twelve participants of various nationalities and ages took part in qualitative interviews in the United Kingdom and the United States. An iterative, three-step analysis for multivoicedness suggested participants initially adopted stabilizing I-positions that acted as foundations for subsequent development and evolution of new selves. A clear and dynamic progression of positioning, repositioning, and innovation in the dialogical self emerged. Findings suggest that change and rupture may act as catalysts for positive development and innovation, resulting in a robust, enhanced sense of self-continuity.
Human thiopurine S -methyltransferase pharmacogenetics: Variant allozyme misfolding and aggresome formation

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Thiopurine S -methyltransferase (TPMT) catalyzes the S-methylation of thiopurine drugs. TPMT genetic polymorphisms represent a striking example of the potential clinical value of pharmacogenetics. Subjects homozygous for TPMT * 3A , the most common variant allele for low activity, an allele that encodes a protein with two changes in amino acid sequence, are at greatly increased risk for life-threatening toxicity when treated with standard doses of thiopurines. These subjects have virtually undetectable levels of TPMT protein. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that TPMT * 3A might result in protein misfolding and aggregation. We observed that TPMT * 3A forms aggresomes in cultured cells and that it aggregates in vitro , functional mechanisms not previously described in pharmacogenetics. Furthermore, there was a correlation among TPMT half-life values in rabbit reticulocyte lysate, aggresome formation in COS-1 cells, and protein aggregation in vitro for the three variant allozymes encoded by alleles that include the two TPMT * 3A single-nucleotide polymorphisms. These observations were compatible with a common structural explanation for all of these effects, a conclusion supported by size-exclusion chromatography and CD spectroscopy. The results of these experiments provide insight into a unique pharmacogenetic mechanism by which common polymorphisms affect TPMT protein function and, as a result, therapeutic response to thiopurine drugs.
Severian of Gabala, In ascensionem et in principium Actorum (CPG 4187). Introduction and Critical Edition.

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In addition to being an important source for the exegetical history of Acts 1, the sermon we edit here, In ascensionem et in principium Actorum (CPG 4187), is an essential witness to the Constantinopolitan celebration of Christ’s ascension at the beginning of the fifth century. The sermon also sheds light on the conflict between Severian and John Chrysostom, and it fills out our knowledge of Severian’s Christology. Ours is the first complete critical edition of the Greek text. Bernard de Montfaucon’s editio princeps (1721) followed a single manuscript in omitting a substantial portion of the sermon, an omission which was replicated in the Patrologia Graeca. This omitted portion was finally restored to its author in the 1978 dissertation of Judit Kecskeméti, where it was edited on the basis of two Parisian manuscripts. Our edition is based on eight manuscripts copied between the ninth and the fifteenth centuries. The introduction treats the sermon’s history of interpretation as well as its extent and integrity, adding several arguments to Kecskeméti’s demonstration of the relationship between the portion she edited in 1978 and the edition of 1721. The introduction subsequently takes up the location of the sermon’s delivery, identifies commonalities between this sermon and Severian’s oeuvre in order to confirm his authorship, and proposes a date of delivery. Finally we study the transmission of the text, including its direct and indirect manuscript tradition, as well as its editorial history. In this way we hope to facilitate the wider scholarly attention that the erstwhile bishop of Gabala’s homiletical effort deserves.
Obesity risk is associated with brain glucose uptake and insulin resistance

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Objective To investigate whether alterations in brain glucose uptake (BGU), insulin action in the brain–liver axis and whole-body insulin sensitivity occur in young adults in pre-obese state. Methods Healthy males with either high risk (HR; n = 19) or low risk (LR; n = 22) for developing obesity were studied with [18F]fluoro-d-glucose ([18F]FDG)–positron emission tomography during hyperinsulinemic–euglycemic clamp. Obesity risk was assessed according to BMI, physical activity and parental overweight/obesity and type 2 diabetes. Brain, skeletal muscle, brown adipose tissue (BAT), visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and abdominal and femoral s.c. adipose tissue (SAT) glucose uptake (GU) rates were measured. Endogenous glucose production (EGP) was calculated by subtracting the exogenous glucose infusion rate from the rate of disappearance of [18F]FDG. BGU was analyzed using statistical parametric mapping, and peripheral tissue activity was determined using Carimas Software imaging processing platform. Results BGU was higher in the HR vs LR group and correlated inversely with whole-body insulin sensitivity (M value) in the HR group but not in the LR group. Insulin-suppressed EGP did not differ between the groups but correlated positively with BGU in the whole population, and the correlation was driven by the HR group. Skeletal muscle, BAT, VAT, abdominal and femoral SAT GU were lower in the HR group as compared to the LR group. Muscle GU correlated negatively with BGU in the HR group but not in the LR group. Conclusion Increased BGU, alterations in insulin action in the brain–liver axis and decreased whole-body insulin sensitivity occur early in pre-obese state.
A multicenter, propensity score-matched analysis of functional outcomes and recanalization success with or without Trevo for Medium and distal vessel occlusion

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background Endovascular therapy (EVT) for stroke due to distal or medium vessel occlusion (DMVO) is safe. Due to the distinct anatomical characteristics of DMVOs, further evaluation of EVT is crucial to determine which devices may yield better outcomes. Methods A retrospective analysis of adults with DMVO treated in 37 centers (11 countries) was queried. The primary outcome of favorable shift in 90-day modified Rankin Scale (mRS) was compared between patients treated with Trevo versus other devices on first pass using 1:1 propensity score matching (PSM) with multivariable adjustment. Secondary outcomes included the number of pass attempts, final thrombolysis in cerebral infarction (TICI) score 2b-3, symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH), improvement in National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) at 24h, and 90-day mortality. Results Of the 1115 included patients, 264 (24%) were treated with Trevo (PSM cohort of 261 per group). Trevo use was not associated with a favorable 90-day mRS shift (proportional odds ratio [OR] 1.10, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.80–1.51). Trevo was associated with fewer passes (adjusted β=-0.25, 95% CI −0.48 - −0.03), higher odds of TICI 2b-3 (adjusted OR 1.97, 95% CI 1.11–3.49), and a greater 24h NIHSS improvement (adjusted β= −1.74, 95% CI −3.11 - −0.36), with no difference in sICH or mortality (p>0.05). Results were similar in sensitivity analyses. Conclusions We observed no safety concerns with Trevo as compared to other EVT devices for DMVO recanalization. There was a signal of better technical efficacy and early clinical improvement.
Cervical Follicular Dendritic Sarcoma: A Rare and Challenging Diagnosis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Dendritic follicular sarcoma (DFS) is a relatively new tumor, very rare and often poorly understood. It occurs mainly in the peripheral lymph nodes at the expense of dendritic follicular cells. However, extra nodal locations have also been reported in the literature. Diagnosis is often difficult, depending mainly on immunohistochemistry and histopathology. There are currently no consensus treatment strategies proposed by the National Comprehensive Cancer Network. The aim of this work is to highlight the different aspects of follicular dendritic sarcoma. We report a rare case of cervical follicular dendritic sarcoma with a review of the literature.
Proposed measurement of simultaneous particle and wave properties of electric current in a superconductor

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

In a microscopic quantum system one cannot perform a simultaneous measurement of particle and wave properties. This, however, may not be true for macroscopic quantum systems. As a demonstration, we propose to measure the local macroscopic current passed through two slits in a superconductor. According to the theory based on the linearized Ginzburg–Landau equation for the macroscopic pseudo wave function, the streamlines of the measured current should have the same form as particle trajectories in the Bohmian interpretation of quantum mechanics. By an explicit computation we find that the streamlines should show a characteristic wiggling, which is a consequence of quantum interference.
Mobility and agricultural economies in rural Italy. Sometimes the world can be seen more clearly from its margins

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This study examines how the Covid-19 pandemic crises has not only modified networks and rhythms of human movement and migratory flows on both a global and local scale; yet it also has weakened the hegemony of the prevailing paradigm that considers urban densification as “the” way to achieve resilience, innovation, and well-being. While recognizing that the factors of agglomeration favouring cities and densely populated places are still very significant in our contemporary society and economy, the study critically review the notion of the unidirectionality of progress and human and economic development from the metropolis to the rest, from the city to the countryside and the mountains. Rather, the analytical challenging perspective this contribute proposes is to adopt a new approach, able to take into consideration the “whole” and the complementary nature of its parts, by bringing rural places to the centre of public and academic debate and promoting the collective awareness that the future of the entire country also depends on the civil, social, and political enhancement of internal areas.
Stereotypy, flexibility and coordination: key concepts in behavioral functional morphology

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

SUMMARY Animal movement and its muscular control are central topics in functional morphology. As experimentalists we often manipulate stimuli in a controlled setting or compare species to observe the degree of variation in movement and motor control of particular behaviors. Understanding and communicating the biological significance of these sources of variability requires a universal terminology that is presently lacking in the functional morphology literature. We suggest that `stereotypy' be used to refer to the degree of variability observed in a behavior across trials under a given set of conditions. The ability of an organism to alter its behavior across experimental treatments is referred to as `flexibility'. We discuss how there has been a tendency to confound the phenomenon of a behavior exhibiting low variability, which we refer to as stereotyped, with inflexibility, or the inability to alter the behavior in response to a change in stimulus. The degree of stereotypy and flexibility in a behavior need not be correlated, nor need they have a common underlying basis. Coordination, a term used to describe the relationship between different body parts during movement, can be stereotyped and can show flexibility. Stereotypy of coordination can be assessed by the strength of correlations between movements of two body parts. The influence of coordination coherence on behavioral performance has rarely been considered,and could shed light on how taxa differ in their ability to perform behaviors. We suggest definitions of the terms stereotypy, flexibility and coordination,and provide examples of how and when these terms could be used when discussing behavioral changes in functional morphology.
Prospects of payment for ecosystem services: A case for teak and cashew plantation development in Ghana

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Governments and institutions across the globe are strengthening efforts to safeguard ecosystem diversity from deteriorating; while promoting proper conservation management so that ecosystem services are sustainably explored for human benefits. A major challenge that obstructs the success of environmental conservation management efforts have normally been the willingness of individuals and local community members to allocate lands for biodiversity conservation. In order to circumvent these challenges and without limiting human socio-economic needs, payment for ecosystem services (PES) programme was initiated and endorsed by governments as a relevant modality and policy framework to protect and restore ecosystems. Unfortunately, there is paucity of information on this by some countries, such as Ghana. Since its inception, PES has great prospects for especially two economic tree crops, such as cashew and teak. That notwithstanding, the perception of smallholder farmers on ecosystem-friendly practices especially PES for cashew and teak plantation development in Ghana is unclear. Therefore, the present study sought to review the concept of payment for ecosystem, its implications on teak and cashew plantation development in Ghana, as well as to investigate the perception of smallholder farmers on the new development policy. It is clear from this review that the adoption and implementation of PES holds great potential for cashew and teak plantation development in Ghana. Cashew and teak are economic trees which prospects for economic development but due to certain constraints, their potentials from the stand point of PES are yet to be realised in the country. One major weakness of the cashew and teak plantation development is inadequate land and unfavourable tenure systems; apart from the inability of smallholder farmers to successfully develop and implement PES schemes for cashew and teak plantation. It was apparent that PES holds great economic prospects for smallholders in cashew and teak plantation development and that it is multi stakeholder approaches and not business as usual that will not allow us to experience the full benefits from this pursuit. Based on the outcomes of this review, it is recommended that trans-disciplinary research be conducted to evaluate the economic, biological and social implications of adopting PES in plantation systems and consequently effects on agricultural systems.
Evaluation of effect of the inflammatory biomarkers on mortality in patients with acute stroke in intensive care unit

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The stroke is a major public health problem due to its high prevalence worldwide, causing mortality and morbidity. The inflammatory response that begins after acute stroke is considered to be an important pathological process involving secondary injury after ischemic and hemorrhagic brain injury. In the inflammatory process; platelets also play a role in inflammation and are responsible for chemokine cytokine production. Patients with acute stroke have an important place among patients in need of intensive care. In this study, we tried to determine the effect of neutrophil / lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet / lymphocyte ratio (PLR) on prognosis in patients with acute stroke 400 acute stroke patients who were hospitalized in Dicle University Hospital Internal Medicine Intensive Care Unit and Neurology Intensive Care Unit between January 2012 and November 2019 were included in this study. Acute stroke defined as ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. The study was designed retrospectively. The demographic characteristics, etiologies, comorbid diseases and laboratory findings of patients were taken from patient files. Length of stay and clinical results in the intensive care unit were recorded. Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet lymphocyte ratio (PLR) were measured. Patients were classified as died (group 1) and survived (group2). Two groups were compared with the parameters studied. Group 1, n:227 and group 2 n:173. Age, length of hospitalization, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, leukocyte count, neutrophil count, platelet count, blood glucose, creatinine, CRP, neutrophil / lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet / lymphocyte ratio (PLR) was found to be statistically significant in group:1 compared to the group:2. These parameters were higher in group 1 than group 2 (p < 0.05). Albumin was lower in group:1 (p < 0.05) There was a positive correlation between the mortality of the patients and the high NLR, PLR, CRP. Mortality was higher and overall survival was worse in patient groups with NLR ≥ 5, PLR ≥ 300, CRP > 1. Mortality of patients with high NLR, PLR and CRP values was found to be higher in patients who were followed up and treated for acute stroke in the intensive care unit. Overall survival of these patients was worse.
Characterization of Heat-Inducible Expression and Cloning of HtpG (Hsp90 Homologue) of Porphyromonas gingivalis

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Porphyromonas gingivalis is implicated in the etiology of periodontal disease. Associations between microbial virulence and stress protein expression have been identified in other infections. For example, Hsp90 homologues in several microbial species have been shown to contribute to virulence. We previously reported that P. gingivalis possessed an Hsp90 homologue (HtpG) which cross-reacts with human Hsp90. In addition, we found that elevated levels of serum antibody to Hsp90 stress protein in individuals colonized with this microorganism were associated with periodontal health. However, the role of HtpG in P. gingivalis has not been explored. Therefore, we cloned the htpG gene and investigated the characteristics of HtpG localization and expression in P. gingivalis. htpG exists as a single gene of 2,052 bp from which a single message encoding a mature protein of approximately 68 kDa is transcribed. Western blot analysis revealed that the 68-kDa polypeptide was stress inducible and that a major band at 44 kDa and a minor band at 40 kDa were present at constitutive levels. Cellular localization studies revealed that the 44- and 40-kDa species were associated with membrane and vesicle fractions, while the 68-kDa polypeptide was localized to the cytosolic fractions.
Correlation with experiments (PDZ2).

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

<p>(A) Correlation between experimentally determined binding energy values and binding energy values calculated from MM/PBSA for the energy minimized docked complexes for 2<sup>nd</sup> PDZ domain of PSD-95 protein. (B) Correlation between experimentally determined binding energy values and binding energy values calculated from MM/PBSA after performing MD simulation on the docked complexes for 2<sup>nd</sup> PDZ domain of PSD-95 protein.</p>
Long‐acting insulin analogues and the risk of diabetic retinopathy among patients with type 2 diabetes: A population‐based cohort study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Aim To determine whether the use of long‐acting insulin analogues is associated with an increased risk of incident diabetic retinopathy (DR) among patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods Using data from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink Aurum, this retrospective, population‐based cohort study included patients with type 2 diabetes who initiated a long‐acting insulin analogue (glargine, detemir, degludec) or Neutral Protamine Hagedorn (NPH) insulin. The primary outcome was incident DR. We used Cox proportional hazards models with inverse probability of treatment weighting to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for incident DR with insulin analogues versus NPH insulin. Results There were 66 280 new users of long‐acting insulin analogues and 66 173 new users of NPH insulin. The incidence rate of DR was 101.7 per 1000 person‐years (95% CI, 98.7‐104.8) for insulin analogues and 93.2 (95% CI, 90.0‐96.5) per 1000 person‐years for NPH insulin. Compared with the current use of NPH insulin, insulin analogues were not associated with the risk of incident DR (HR 1.04, 95% CI, 0.99‐1.09). The adjusted HRs were 0.84 (95% CI, 0.66‐1.07) for proliferative DR and 1.02 (95% CI, 0.97‐1.08) for non‐proliferative DR. Conclusions Compared with NPH insulin, long‐acting insulin analogues were not associated with the risk of incident DR among patients with type 2 diabetes. This finding provides important reassurance regarding the safety of long‐acting insulin analogues with respect to incident DR.