jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Observing and modeling the dynamic atmosphere of the low mass-loss C-star R Sculptoris at high angular resolution

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

We study the circumstellar environment of the carbon-rich star R Scl using the near- and mid-infrared high spatial resolution observations from the ESO-VLTI instruments VINCI and MIDI. These observations aim at increasing our knowledge of the dynamic processes in play within the very close circumstellar environment where the mass loss of AGB stars is initiated. Data are interpreted using a self-consistent dynamic model. Interferometric observations do not show any significant variability effect at the 16 m baseline between phases 0.17 and 0.23 in the K band, and for both the 15 m baseline between phases 0.66 and 0.97 and the 31 m baseline between phases 0.90 and 0.97 in the N band. We find fairly good agreement between the dynamic model and the spectrophotometric data from 0.4 to 25 $μ$m. The model agrees well with the time-dependent flux data at 8.5 $μ$m, whereas it is too faint at 11.3 and 12.5 $μ$m. The VINCI visibilities are reproduced well, meaning that the extension of the model is suitable in the K-band. In the mid-infrared, the model has the proper extension to reveal molecular structures of C2H2 and HCN located above the stellar photosphere. However, the windless model used is not able to reproduce the more extended and dense dusty environment. Among the different explanations for the discrepancy between the model and the measurements, the strong nonequilibrium process of dust formation is one of the most probable. The complete dynamic coupling of gas and dust and the approximation of grain opacities with the small-particle limit in the dynamic calculation could also contribute to the difference between the model and the data.
CRISPRi-Linked Multimodule Negative Feedback Loops to Address Winner-Take-All Resource Competition

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Cellular resource limitations create unintended interactions among synthetic gene circuit modules, compromising circuit modularity. This challenge is particularly pronounced in circuits with positive feedback, where uneven resource allocation can lead to Winner-Takes-All (WTA) behavior, favoring one module at the expense of others. In this study, we experimentally implemented a Negatively Competitive Regulatory (NCR) controller using CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) and evaluated its effectiveness in mitigating WTA behavior in two gene circuits: dual self-activation and cascading bistable switch. We chromosomally integrated a tunable dCas9 gene and designed module-specific gRNAs, with each module encoding its own gRNA to self-repress via competition for limited dCas9. This configuration introduces strong negative feedback to the more active module while reallocating resources to the less active one, promoting balanced module activation. Compared to the control group lacking dCas9-mediated repression, the NCR controller significantly increased module coactivation and suppressed WTA behavior. Our quantitative results demonstrate that NCR provides an effective strategy for regulating resource competition and improving the modularity of synthetic gene circuits.
Fairness as adequacy: a sociotechnical view on model evaluation in machine learning

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract This paper develops an account of model evaluation—with an emphasis on fairness concerns—that takes the social situatedness of ML models as its starting point. Such a view entails that ML models are not deemed isolated entities, but rather tools, used for specific purposes and potentially impacting their social environment in manifold ways. This shift of perspective opens up a new problem space and facilitates rethinking criteria for model evaluation. By drawing on the adequacy-for-purpose view in philosophy of science, epistemic norms and desiderata for an adequate deployment of ML models along the dimensions of Social Objectives, Measurement, Social Dynamics, and interaction are then identified. The account thus developed also highlights why any auditing of ML models that ought to assist in consequential decision-making cannot be limited to an assessment of statistical properties, but needs to incorporate a variety of methods from the social sciences instead. Moreover, while the process of model evaluation might be deemed as a mere technical exercise, it is in fact riddled by epistemic and morally normative considerations.
Autoinducer2 affects trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole susceptibility in avian pathogenic Escherichia coli dependent on the folate synthesis‐associate pathway

Field: Immunology and Microbiology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli ( APEC ) causes airsacculitis, polyserositis, septicemia, and other mainly extraintestinal diseases in chickens, ducks, geese, pigeons, and other avian species, and is responsible for great economic losses in the avian industry. The autoinducer 2 ( AI ‐2) quorum sensing system is widely present in many species of gram‐negative and gram‐positive bacteria and has been proposed to be involved in interspecies communication. In clinical APEC strains, whether or not AI ‐2 affects the expression of antibiotic‐related genes has not been reported. In this study, we have reported that exogenous AI ‐2 increase the susceptibility of APEC strains to trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole ( SXT ) in a folate synthesis‐dependent pathway but not in the LsrR‐dependent manner. Our results further explained that exogenous AI ‐2 can down regulate the transcription of the folate synthetase encoding genes folA and folC , and the folate synthesis‐related genes luxS, metE, and metH . Gel shift assays confirmed that LsrR, the AI ‐2 receptor, did not bind to the promoters of folA and folC , suggesting that exogenous AI ‐2 might influence folate metabolism by a feedback inhibition effect but not in the LsrR‐dependent pathway. This study might provide further information in the search for potential drug targets for prophylaxis of avian colibacillosis and for auxiliary antibiotics in the treatment of avian colibacillosis.
Psychometric testing of the 10-item Perceived Stress Scale for Chinese nurses

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Nurses bear a lot of stressors at work. The 10-item Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) is a widely used self-reported scale for measuring the global perception of stress. However, there is a lack of the use of PSS-10 in Chinese nurses. This study aimed to test the psychometric properties of the PSS-10 among Chinese nurses. Methods A total of 708 Chinese nurses completed the PSS-10, the Big Five Inventory, and the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) tested the factor structure of PSS-10. Cronbach's alpha coefficient and test-retest correlation examined the scale reliability. Pearson correlation and hierarchical regression analyses tested the convergent and concurrent validity of PSS-10. Results CFA revealed that a two-factor model fits the structure of PSS-10 in Chinese nurses. The scale demonstrated adequate internal consistency and test-retest reliability, and satisfied convergent validity with relations to Big Five personality traits. Evidence for concurrent validity was found via the observation that the PSS-10 score explained incremental variance in predicting anxiety, depression and stress. Conclusions Our findings suggest that PSS-10 is a sound measure of perceived stress in Chinese nurses and can be used in future research and practice on stress management and coping among Chinese nurses.
Disorders of Sensation, Motion, and Body Schema

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Neurological and somatic injuries create sensorimotor disorders that interfere with safety, quality of life, employment, household tasks, and mobility. This chapter offers an overview of many sensory and motor functions and their organization in body schemata. Consequent motion disorders should be accurately assessed, since loss of coordination could be misattributed to cerebral damage. Observation of movement, stance, gait, and posture, as well as sensation, aids in diagnosis and thus a more sharply focused treatment of the injured person. The cranial nerves leave the brain at various levels of the forebrain and brainstem and exit the skull through complex pathways to cranial, cervical, thoracic, and abdominal locations. Direct trauma results from orbital or cerebral trauma, or a penetrating object that transgresses normal tissue planes and thereby disrupts the optic nerve's anatomic and functional integrity. Symptoms associated with cranial nerve VI damage include diplopia, the inward deviation of the eye, and horizontal gaze paralysis towards the side of the lesion.
Antagonism and Repair

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

This chapter begins by recalling a trip to West Berlin made by the French activist, psychoanalyst and philosopher Felix Guattari at the end of January 1978. The first part focuses on the evolution of the radical scene in Berlin in the immediate lead-up to the TUNIX Congress in January 1978. It also examines the consequential emergence of the squatting movement in West Berlin in three stages. The second highlights the material and emotional geographies produced by squatters in the city and how they served as an active archive of practices that promoted the development of new forms of collective living. Finally, the chapter focuses on the period after 1981 and the complex transformation and dissolution of the squatting scene through protracted negotiations with West Berlin authorities, the legalisation of some occupied houses and the ‘pacification’ of the more militant elements of the movement through criminalisation and eviction.
Frequency of Clinically Palpable Breast Lumps in an Urban Medical Center Importance of a Surgeon Run Breast Clinic

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The study of breast diseases and their epidemiology deserves special attention. Another reason that grants special value to the breast diseases is the way it affects women health both physically and mentally. The commonest breast symptom is breast lump. Breast lumps are the most common symptom bringing patient to a breast clinic. They are also the most common cause of serious trouble for the patients keeping in view the increased incidence of breast cancer. This is partially due to increased awareness among females. In this study we detected the frequency of clinically palpable breast lumps and their causes and treatment presenting to the breast clinic of a busy private sector hospital. Methods: Study design: Descriptive case series Place of study: Department of Surgery, Holy family Hospital Karachi Duration of study: 1 year (from July 2020 till June 2021) Study population: All females presenting to the breast clinic within the mentioned period Data collection procedure: All the information was taken by the patient through history. Informed consent was taken for examination. Further investigations according to the triple assessment protocol were done in patients who presented with a lump to ascertain the exact nature and etiology of lump. All the data was then entered in a predesigned proforma. Results: A total of 126 patients presented to the breast clinic in Holy family Hospital. The number of patients presenting with breast lump was just above half of the total patients i.e 66 patients (52%).Out of these 66 patients, majority was benign i.e 53 patients(80%) with malignant lumps accounting for 13 patients,20 % of the total patients with breast lump.60(48%) patients presented with symptoms other than breast lump. The most common symptom other than lump was pain followed by nipple discharge, skin diseases etc. Conclusion: Breast lump was the most common symptom in patients presenting to our breast clinic and majority were benign and did not require surgery. Keywords: Clinically Palpable, Breast Lump, Triple Assessment
Selective thermal cracking of heavy oils. Part 4. Thermal cracking of kuwait atmospheric residue in the presence of hydrogen and nickel supported catalysts.

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

熱的な炭化水素の分解と触媒による中間体ラジカルの水素化安定化を基本反応とする熱-水素化ハイブリッド型重質油分解法において担体が反応特性に与える影響を検討するため, β"-Al2O3, SiO2-Al2O3等の各種担体にNiを担持した触媒を用い, 反応温度435°C, 水素圧75kg/cm2の条件でクウェート常圧残油の分解を行った。反応特性は, 担体の酸-塩基性により支配され, 塩基性の強い担体ほどコーキングの抑制に効果的であったが, 分解率, 脱硫率は低下し, ガス, 留出油中のオレフィンの含有率は増加する傾向がみられた。水素消費量は水素化分解法の約1/3に相当する80～120Nm3/klで担体間に大きな違いはみられなかった。
A THERMOMECHANICAL STUDY OF DYNAMIC SHRINKAGE OF RICE KERNELS

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Dynamic shrinkage behavior of rice kernels during drying was studied with a thermomechanicalanalyzer (TMA). Kinetic shrinkage kinetic data were obtained for rice kernels dried in a thin-layer dryer and heatedin a TMA chamber. For the TMA measurements, 17 rice kernels were tested for length and thickness change. Eachkernel was initially heated from room temperature to 59.7C at a rate of 15C/min and then maintained at 59.7C todry for 400 min. Rice kernels of the same variety dried under the same conditions were found to follow similarshrinkage dynamics in both length and thickness. The shrinkage behavior of rice kernels in either thin-layer dryingor TMA heating/drying could be described by an exponential decay relationship. However, rice kernels did notshrink uniformly in thickness and length during the drying process. It was found that rice kernels shrank a greaterpercentage in thickness than in length. This result indicates that the impact of a combination of internal stressesduring the drying process is a tensile action along the direction of the longitudinal axis. This result may helpunderstand the phenomena that, with a small number of exceptions, fissures observed in rice kernels areperpendicular to the longitudinal axis of rice kernels. In the moisture content range and relative shrinkage ratiostypical of rice drying, initial moisture content and initial dimension (length or thickness) did not significantly affectthe shrinkage kinetics of rice kernels (a=0.01). The increase rate of the relative shrinkage ratios was found to behigher for rice kernels at high harvest moisture content, suggesting that rice kernels at high harvest moisturecontents tended to shrink more unevenly in length and thickness.
Addressing concerns about legitimacy: A case study of social responsibility reporting in the Australian banking industry

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

This paper investigates the relationship between social responsibility reporting and reputation at an industry rather than organisational level through a case study of the Australian banking industry. Since deregulation, the legitimacy of the social impact of the Australian banking industry has been questioned particularly through extensive media coverage. This case study investigates how the four major banks have responded to industry level legitimacy concerns through social responsibility reporting. Despite theoretical claims that organisations within an industry will respond to legitimacy concerns in a similar way, this paper shows that the banks in the study have responded in differing ways resulting in a disparity of approval rankings between organisations. Reputation rankings of the banks examined in this paper show varying levels of acceptance of individual organisations, despite ongoing media questioning about the legitimacy of the industry as a whole.
Assessing Text-Picture Correspondence in Television News: The Development of a New Coding Scheme

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Abstract A new coding scheme and method of analysis were proposed to assess the level of text-picture correspondence in television news. The method focuses on alternating text-picture correspondences within news items and uses the proportional time devoted to each correspondence category as the dependent variable. It is argued that the coding method could be used in large-scale analyses of television news content as well as in effect studies that examine recall for news information.
An evaluation of procedures used in staging carcinoma of the cervix

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A review of 227 cases of invasive carcinoma of the cervix was undertaken to determine the efficacy of procedures using in the staging of this disease. All patients had a pretreatment chest radiography and intravenous pyelogram. 96.5% had pretreatment cystoscopy, 98.6% had pretreatment proctoscopy, and 92% had a pretreatment barium enema. These patients were retrospectively staged on the findings of physical examination only. Each additional procedure was then evaluated by comparison with the initial staging. Cystoscopy and chest film findings each would have changed the clinical stage in fewer than 1% of cases, barium enema in 1.4%, and proctoscopy in 2.2%. No patient had a positive barium enema without a positive proctoscopy, while two patients had positive proctoscopies with negative barium enemas. The overall yield of positive findings by pretreatment intravenous pyelography was 7.3%. Lymphangiography, although inconsistently done, yielded positive findings in all stages. Chest radiographs, intravenous pyelography, proctoscopy, and lymphangiography are recommended as part of the pretreatment workup of patients with carcinoma of the cervix. Routine barium enema is no longer recommended, and cystoscopy is only recommended in patients with clinical stage IIB disease or greater.
Christianity, Antisemitism, and the Holocaust

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

There is, in principle, a fundamental difference between Nazi racial antisemitism and the traditional anti-Judaism of Christianity. The church’s official view has been that conversion transforms a Jew into a Christian, whereas the Nazi view was that a Jewish convert to Christianity remained a Jew. Nevertheless, the distinction between racial and religious antisemitism has often been less clear-cut than is often claimed by those who claim that Christian churches bear no responsibility for the Holocaust. That is not to say that it is illusory, just that it has often been less clear-cut than is often claimed. During the Holocaust and the decades that preceded it, Christian clergy often stressed the same themes as the Nazis, notably with respect to the Jews being “parasitic” capitalists exploiting Christians, as well as communists seeking to overthrow the governments and traditional Christian values of Europe (Passelecq and Suchecky 1997, pp. 123–36). We shall see that these clerics often also spoke of Jews in racial, as well as religious terms. Conversely, the Nazis often exploited traditional Christian themes, such as the diabolical nature of the Jew, the image of the Jew as “Christ-killer,” and the contrast between “carnal” (materialistic) Judaism and spiritual Christianity. In other words, the Nazis effectively exploited two millennia of Christian demonization of the Jew. Most scholars who have studied the role of the Christian churches during the Holocaust are well aware of most of these facts (Barnett 1992; Bergen 1996; Ericksen and Heschel 1999a; Kertzer 2001). Yet many comparative studies of religion and violence ignore the role played by Christian churches during the Holocaust—apparently on the assumption that the most horrific mass murder in human history was a purely secular phenomenon. In fact, some prominent scholars, including the best-selling authors Karen Armstrong and—incredibly—Rabbi Jonathan Sacks, go so far as to attribute the Shoah to the demise of religious values in Europe (Armstrong 2014; Sacks 2015)! This article is an attempt to correct these mistaken assumptions.
Quantum Chemistry Common Driver and Databases (QCDB) and Quantum Chemistry Engine (QCEngine): Automation and interoperability among computational chemistry programs

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

Community efforts in the computational molecular sciences (CMS) are evolving toward modular, open, and interoperable interfaces that work with existing community codes to provide more functionality and composability than could be achieved with a single program. The Quantum Chemistry Common Driver and Databases (QCDB) project provides such capability through an application programming interface (API) that facilitates interoperability across multiple quantum chemistry software packages. In tandem with the Molecular Sciences Software Institute and their Quantum Chemistry Archive ecosystem, the unique functionalities of several CMS programs are integrated, including CFOUR, GAMESS, NWChem, OpenMM, Psi4, Qcore, TeraChem, and Turbomole, to provide common computational functions, i.e., energy, gradient, and Hessian computations as well as molecular properties such as atomic charges and vibrational frequency analysis. Both standard users and power users benefit from adopting these APIs as they lower the language barrier of input styles and enable a standard layout of variables and data. These designs allow end-to-end interoperable programming of complex computations and provide best practices options by default.
SERUM INSULIN-LIKE ACTIVITY AND THE EFFECT OF ORAL ANTI-DIABETIC DRUGS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO FAILURE IN LONG-TERM USE

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Clinical experience with long-term sulfonylurea treatment has been discussed in the management of diabetes mellitus. Because of the close relationship between fasting serum insulin-like activity and the rate constant for glucose utilization (K) after glucose loading, the latter values were used for screening diabetics in place of the serum insulin-like activity, except for severe diabetics with K value below 0.04. Oral anti-diabetic drugs, such as sulfonylurea, were not effective in diabetics who had no significant extra-insulin secretion reserve. Secondary failure was found to occur more rapidly and more frequently in diabetics with low fasting serum insulin-like activity. In diabetics with low fasting serum insulin-like activity but with relatively high extra-insulin secretion, these drugs were significantly effective and secondary failure developed less rapidly.
IDDF2022-ABS-0180 Mesenteric changes in the index computed tomography scan can predict outcome in acute pancreatitis: a novel mesentery-based classification

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Background

Mesenteric changes in acute pancreatitis (AP) are understudied and not accounted for in the current CT-based classification. This study aimed to evaluate and propose a new CT-based classification defining mesenteric changes and their predictive capability on the outcome.

Methods

The CT films of all consecutive moderately severe/severe AP patients were reviewed, and the mesenteric changes were classified as: Type 0 (no changes in mesentery); type 1a (only mesenteric root involved, no mass effect); type 1b (mesenteric root with mass effect); type 2 (diffuse haziness without mass effect) and type 3 (diffuse haziness with mass effect). Baseline characteristics, severity markers and outcome measures were compared between mesenteric changes and those without and among the different subgroups.

Results

The CT and clinical course of 128 patients (male 76, 59.4%; mean age 41.5±13.7 years) included were evaluated. Mesenteric changes were seen in 84 (65.6%) of the patients. Patients with mesenteric changes had higher baseline APACHE II score (p<0.0001), higher incidence of intra-abdominal hypertension (p=0.004); organ failure (p<0.001); ICU admission (p<0.001), ventilator requirement (p<0.001) and mortality (p=0.003). Type 2 and 3 mesenteric changes had worse outcomes with a graded increase in adverse outcomes from type 0 to type 3, as shown in IDDF2022-ABS-0180 Table 1. Multivariable regression analysis showed that severe mesenteric changes (type 2&3) were significant mortality predictors (aOR- 4.55;CI 1.07–19.32).

Conclusions

Mesenteric changes are common and significantly affect outcomes in patients with AP. Higher grades of mesenteric changes corroborate with a graded increase in adverse outcomes, including mortality.