jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
ELECTROPHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF TiO2 SAMPLES IRRADIATED WITH 0.12 MeV HELIUM IONS

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

The main parameters of samples irradiation on the linear helium ions accelerator are presented as well as of TiO2 irradiated characteristics. It is experimentally shown that with irradiation dose increasing, helium ion energy of 0.12 MeV, the volume electrical resistance and surface electrical resistances on the front and back sides of samples decrease, the loss angle tangents and relative dielectric permittivities increase. The primary processes, namely: the sputtering, ionization, phonons and vacancies formation, segregation, damage have been calculated. The analysis of experimental and calculated data has shown that a model based on processes of the excitation and propagation of elastic waves in a concept of the long-range effect most physically correctly describes the changes in electrophysical characteristics of the irradiated samples.
Shallow water flow on a rotating circular cylinder. 1st report. The case of a still cylinder.

Field: Engineering (Physical Sciences)

Direct strip casting is attracting attention as a new method of production of steel plates. This paper describes the results of an investigation on how a liquid such as water flows on a circular cylinder. Depending on the nozzle height and water velocity at the nozzle exit, a roll wave, stationary-centrifugal-force wave, long wavelength wave, ripple and dimples appear, and a range of mirror-like surface flow between the exit Reynolds numbers of the roll wave and a stationary-centrifugal-force wave exists. The variations of water depth in the circumferencial direction are also measured.
Schooling, childhood poverty and international development: choices and challenges in a longitudinal study

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Due to the rarity of longitudinal data, evidence on the benefits of education across the life-course is relatively sparse in developing countries. Young Lives is the only comparative dual-cohort study to combine data collection using mixed-methods at child, household, school and community levels, following 12,000 children in two cohorts across four countries since 2002. This article outlines the conceptual and analytical framework and the key methodological features of the Young Lives study, and the unique potential of the data for analysis of educational trajectories, and of the influences that shape them. It discusses the challenges associated with a cross-country interdisciplinary study of children, their families and schools and examines how these were addressed. These include the logistical, epistemological and ethical challenges of ensuring the integrity of the panel data and cohort, maintaining an appropriate degree of consistency across countries in terms of design and measurement, without compromising policy relevance at the national level, and balancing the sometimes competing demands for cross-sectional and longitudinal evidence.
Neutralization of Tat/Env complex entry in MDDCs by sera from Tat/Env-vaccinated monkeys.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

<p>(<b>A</b>) Percentage of MDDCs internalizing Env in the presence of plasma from Tat/Env vaccinated or control monkeys (6 animals/group) before (week 0, anti-Tat Ab negative, in blue) or after vaccination (week 38, anti-Tat Ab positive, in red) in the absence (empty bars) or in the presence (filled bars) of Tat. The codes of the plasma are indicated at the bottom of the bars: MU1-6, vaccinated monkeys; MU7<b>-</b>12, control monkeys. (<b>B</b>) Geometric mean (GM) of the ratio (week 38 vs baseline), with 95% confidence interval (CI) of the percentage of MDDCs internalizing Env in the presence or in the absence of Tat in vaccinated monkeys (n = 6). Statistical analysis was performed by the two-tailed Student’s <i>t</i>-test.</p>
Perforation of the Nasal Septum and Nasal Ulcers

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A case about a HIV woman with nasal ulcers is described in this paper. In every inmunodepressed patient who has mu-cosal or cutaneous ulcers, infection by leishmanial parasites needs to be ruled out, especially when ulcers have not re-gression with usual treatments. The Leishmanial nasal disease usually shows swelling and mucosal ulcers, that may progress to necrosis. Delaying in appropriate therapy might cause irreversible damage.
Large‐Scale Identification of the Arginine Methylome by Mass Spectrometry

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract The attachment of one or more methylation groups to the side chain of arginine residues is a regulatory mechanism for cellular proteins. Recent advances in mass spectrometry−based characterization allow comprehensive identification of arginine methylation sites by peptide‐level enrichment strategies. Described in this unit is a 4‐day protocol for enrichment of arginine‐methylated peptides and subsequent identification of thousands of distinct sites by mass spectrometry. Specifically, the protocol explains step‐by‐step sample preparation, enrichment using commercially available antibodies, prefractionation using strong cation exchange, and identification using liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. A strategy for relative quantification is described using stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC). Approaches for analysis of arginine methylation site occupancy are also discussed. Collectively, the unit describes the essential parameters required for a successful and comprehensive experiment detailing the arginine methylome. © 2015 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Using Technology to Enhance Pre-Service Teacher Preparation

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Use of the internet to deliver a portion of the content in an introductory science, education, and technology methods course for pre-service teachers provides an opportunity for a much needed introduction to basic computer literacy. A web page was developed for use in conjunction with the math, science, and technology educational methods courses at Brooklyn College. Students are introduced to this page as a group in the computer lab, and work in small groups with more experienced students serving as mentors to other students. The Brooklyn College Science Education Webpage is designed as a simple jump page with links to various resources for science education. It serves as a starting point to expose pre-service teachers to a wide range of resources available to them on the world wide web and in the real world. Students use their internet research skills in open-ended assignments throughout the semester. The web page continues to serve as a resource for students in the next courses in the math and science education sequence. The Brooklyn College Science Education Webpage helps education graduates to begin their teaching better prepared to use technology in the classroom.
Effects of triazole inhibitors of sterol biosynthesis on the free and esterified sterol composition of celery cell suspension cultures

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Treatment of celery cell suspension cultures with paclobutrazol and three other triazoles resulted in decreased growth and an accumulation of 14α‐methylsterols in both the free sterol and the steryl ester pools, thus indicating that the triazoles were inhibiting the action of the plant obtusifoliol 14α‐demethylase system. Obtusifoliol, 14α‐methylcampesta‐8,24(24 1 )‐dien‐3β‐ol and 14α‐methylcampest‐8‐en‐3β‐ol were the main 14α‐methylsterols to increase in the free sterol pool. In the presence of the triazoles the steryl esters became virtually depleted of sitosterol, campesterol, stigmasterol and isofucosterol, which were replaced by 14α‐methylsterols with obtusifoliol becoming the dominant esterified sterol. Treatment of the celery culture with a fourth triazole which did not have a noticeable effect on growth and caused negligible accumulation of 14α‐methylsterols in the free sterol pool nevertheless produced some enrichment of the steryl esters in obtusifoliol. The results indicate that, following triazole treatment, a rapid esterification of the accumulating 14α‐methylsterol intermediates occurs before they start to build up in significant amount in the free sterol pool.
Innervation of mouse lymph nodes: Nerve endings on muscular vessels and reticular cells

Field: Neuroscience (Life Sciences)

Abstract Lymph node nerve endings have been studied in 1‐ to 48‐day‐old mice. Serial sections of Epon‐embedded lymph nodes were observed under the electron microscope to find the nerve endings. Most lymph node nerve fibers finally reach the smooth muscle cells of arterioles and muscular venules. Both kinds of vascular endings are similar, although endings are less numerous on venules. Nerve endings consist of one or more nerve processes surrounded by a usually incomplete Schwann cell sheath; frequently, axons show wide areas directly facing the muscle cells. The distance between such a naked axon and a myocyte ranges from 100 to 800 nm. Small granulated and clear vesicles are especially abundant in varicosities of nerve processes that are located very close to muscle cells. Nerve endings of lymph node vasculature probably correspond to vasomotor sympathetic adrenergic endings, regulating the degree of contraction of vessels which have a muscular layer. Other kinds of nerve endings also exist in lymph nodes: some axons appear free in the stroma and contact the surfaces of reticular cells; the latter also extend delicate cytoplasmic processes that surround the axons. The functional significance of nerve cell–reticular cell contacts is unknown.
Control Data Corporation Network Operating System Security Evaluation Package

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Abstract : The security protection provided by Control Data Corporation's (CDC ) Network Operating System (NOS) Security Evaluation Package running on CDC CYBER 170 mode compatible machines has been evaluated by the National Computer Security Center (NCSC). The security features of NOS were evaluated against the requirements specified by the Department of Defense Trusted Computer System Evaluation Criteria (the Criteria) dated August 1983. This report presents the findings of the evaluation. The NCSC evaluation team has determined that the highest at which NOS satisfies all the specified requirements of the Criteria is class C2, and therefore NOS has been assigned a class C2 rating. Additionally, NOS provides some mandatory access controls that, while not sufficient to satisfy the Criteria's B1 mandatory access control and labeling requirements, do provide some of the mechanisms needed when handling classified or non-classified but sensitive information. Keywords: Computer programs; Test and evaluation; CDC; NOS; C2; NCSC; Evaluated product list; Trusted computer system evaluation criteria.
A clinical study of gingivitis of deciduous and succadaneous permanent teeth in dogs.

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

The objective of this study was to determine the severity of gingivitis of newly erupted permanent teeth of dogs which had exhibited plaque and gingivitis around the predecessor deciduous teeth. Two litters of 4 and 6 mongrel dogs were assessed clinically using G. I. and P1.I. (Löe 1967) and tests for crevicular exudate. Selected premolar gingiva were biopsied and processed for light microscopy. A plaque inducing diet was fed to 2 dogs in each litter. Control dogs were fed a hard diet and subjected to regular plaque removal procedures, using daily toothbrushing and 0.2% chlorhexidine application. Clinical examinations on canines and premolars were made at weekly intervals from the 16th to the 30th week of age. Results showed that in control dogs, teeth from which plaque was removed regularly exhibited non‐inflamed gingiva throughout the study. Gingivitis in experimental dogs was relaed to the continued presence of plaque. In these dogs, the mean G.I. and P1.I. scores of permanent teeth were significantly higher (p < 0.001) than those of the predecessor deciduous teeth which had exhibited plaque and pingivitis.
Triticum aestivum L. subsp. aestivum IG 44006

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Plant Genetic Resource.
Taxonomy: Triticum aestivum L. subsp. aestivum
Common name(s): Wheat
Conserved by: International Centre for Agricultural Research in Dry Areas (ICARDA), Lebanon
Local sample unique identifier: IG 44006
Method of creation: Acquisition
Date: 1990
Other identifiers: n/a,ICBW 206816
Historical: No
Biological status: Breeding/research material
MLS status: Included
The effect of high voltage pulsed electric field on water molecular

Field: Chemical Engineering (Physical Sciences)

In order to study the mechanism of high voltage pulsed electric field pre-treatment on the food drying technology. In this paper, water was treated with high pulse electric field (HPEF) in different frequency, and different voltage, then, the viscosity coefficient and the surface tension coefficient of the water were measured. The results showed that indicated that the viscosity coefficient and the surface tension coefficient of the treated water can be decreased, and while HPEF pre-treatment was applied for 22.5kV at a frequency of 50Hz and 70 Hz, the surface tension and the viscosity coefficient of the pre-treatment treatment were reduced 13.1% and 7.5%, respectively.
The Paradox of Professionalism

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This book is about the role of lawyers in constructing a just society. Its central objective is to provide a deeper understanding of the relationship between lawyers' commercial aims and public aspirations. Drawing on interdisciplinary and comparative perspectives, it explores whether lawyers can transcend self-interest to meaningfully contribute to systems of political accountability, ethical advocacy and distributional fairness. Its contributors, some of the world's leading scholars of the legal profession, offer evidence that although justice is possible, it is never complete. Ultimately, how much - and what type of - justice prevails depends on how lawyers respond to, and reshape, the political and economic conditions in which they practise. As the essays demonstrate, the possibility of justice is diminished as lawyers pursue self-regulation in the service of power; it is enhanced when lawyers mobilize - in the political arena, workplace and law school - to contest it.
1110-P: Algorithmic Identification of Atypical Diabetes in Electronic Health Record (EHR) Systems

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Understanding atypical forms of diabetes may lead to personalized treatment regimens and discovery of novel pathophysiologic mechanisms of diabetes. We aimed to create a high-throughput method for identifying patients with atypical diabetes in large electronic health record (EHR) databases and validate this method in the Mass General Brigham (MGB) Biobank. Patients with likely type 2 diabetes (T2D) were identified using a validated machine-learning (ML) algorithm. “Typical” T2D was filtered out through a “base algorithm” that excluded individuals with body mass index (BMI) ever &gt;30 kg/m2, HDL values ever &lt; 50 mg/dL, and triglycerides ever &gt;150 mg/dL. To remove people with typical type 1 diabetes (T1D) , we tested six additional “branch algorithms,” relying on clinical characteristics, including autoantibodies, medication usage, and T1D diagnosis determined by ML algorithm, resulting in six overlapping cohorts. Charts were then manually reviewed, and diabetes type was classified by two endocrinologists into one of three categories: atypical, not atypical, and indeterminate due to missing information. We identified 1potentially atypical cases, of whom 16 individuals were confirmed to have atypical diabetes after expert review, across the six branch algorithms. The branch algorithm which excluded T1D by removing patients who had ever used outpatient insulin had the highest percentage yield (13 of 27; 48.2%) of atypical diabetes . The 16 atypical cases had significantly lower BMI and higher HDL compared to an unselected group of individuals with T1D or T2D diagnosis by ML algorithm. Compared to the ML T1D group, the atypical group had a significantly higher T2D polygenic score and lower hemoglobin A1c. In summary, we designed an algorithm to identify individuals with atypical diabetes within an EHR database with up to 48% yield which may shed light on the heterogeneity of T2D and help generate cohorts of atypical cases for studies, such as the Rare and Atypical Diabetes Network (RADIANT) . Disclosure V.Chen: Other Relationship; Draeger. S.Cromer: Other Relationship; Johnson & Johnson Medical Devices Companies, Research Support; National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. C.Han: None. W.G.Marshall: None. S.Emongo: None. T.Majarian: Employee; Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated. J.C.Florez: Consultant; AstraZeneca, Goldfinch Bio, Inc., Other Relationship; AstraZeneca, Merck & Co., Inc., Novo Nordisk. J.M.Mercader: None. M.Udler: None.
Evaluation of antioxidant and antibacterial activities of some selected seaweeds from Saint Martin's Island of Bangladesh

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

The effects of extracting solvents on the antioxidant and antibacterial activity of crude extracts of six seaweeds were investigated. The antioxidant activity of seaweed crude extracts was evaluated by total antioxidant activity (TAA), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)diammonium salt (ABTS), and cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) assays. Acetone extract of B. wrightii showed significantly (P < 0.05) the highest total phenolic content (TPC) (71.09 mg GAE/g), while methanolic extract of Porphyra sp. had the highest total flavonoid content (75.61 mg QE/g). Methanolic extract of S. muticum showed significantly (P < 0.05) the highest TAA. Methanolic extract of P. tetrastromatica and S. muticum showed significantly (P < 0.05) the highest DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging effects, while acetone extract of B. wrightii showed significantly the highest ECA0.50 value (0.78 mg/ml) of CUPRAC activity. Pearson's correlation test and principal component analysis (PCA) confirmed the relationship between TPC and various antioxidant activity assays of seaweed extracts. Methanolic extracts of P. tetrastromatica, S. muticum and H. clathratus showed higher inhibitory zones against all the bacterial strains than other seaweed extracts. The results of this study indicated that brown seaweeds showed comparatively better antioxidant and antibacterial activity, which could be utilized in the food processing industries.
Undershoot Bias in Lead-Vehicle Motion Extrapolation

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Studies in motion extrapolation have shown both undershoot and overshoot distortions. Recent evidence using a car-following context revealed an undershoot bias for younger participants. These studies have focused on the distortions themselves while neglecting to account for memory encodings of images in the extrapolation tasks and how they might be the basis of such distortions. This study was designed to test whether Pylyshyn's index theory could account for distortions in a lead-vehicle pull-away context. Participants viewed slide shows depicting a lead-vehicle pulling ahead along one of five trajectories before being interrupted with a spatial or non-spatial task. After the interruption, participants were required to determine if the vehicle location in the probe slide was expected given the motion trajectory prior to the interruption. The results showed a clear undershoot bias, therefore supporting the theory that the last encoded image before the interruption was most salient in memory
Chapter Two

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

Abstract This chapter examines the famous encounter with the evil genius in the Meditations and shows how poetic structure navigates thought's relationship to its own independence and to the specter of desire. As Descartes appropriates the technique of the blazon and counter-blazon from the tradition of Petrarchan and post-Petrarchan poetry, he wards off the seductive and solicitous approach of the evil genius, itself a threat to thinking and truth. In disposing of the body through these poetic means, Descartes shows how poetry and thinking are yoked closely together—so much so, in fact, that it might be said that, for him, poetry makes thinking happen. Central to this chapter is asking again what thinking is for Descartes and, in particular, what it has to do with seduction and desire. Further, Descartes' related notion of "disposition" unsettles the purity of thinking and also recenters the problem of poetry by way of the rhetorical structure of "dispositio," which exposes an overlooked element in the story authors of more recent theory like to tell about the "dispositif." In showing how "disposition" and seduction go together, this poetic arrangement clears Descartes of the charge that his philosophy "slashed poetry's throat."
Charcot foot in diabetes and an update on imaging

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Charcot neuroarthropathy (CN) is a serious complication of diabetes mellitus that can cause major morbidity including limb amputation. Since it was first described in 1883, and attributed to diabetes mellitus in 1936, the diagnosis of CN has been very challenging even for the experienced practitioners. Imaging plays a central role in the early and accurate diagnosis of CN, and in distinction of CN from osteomyelitis. Conventional radiography, computed tomography, nuclear medicine scintigraphy, magnetic resonance imaging, and positron emission tomography are the imaging techniques currently in use for the evaluation of CN but modalities other than magnetic resonance imaging appeared to be complementary. This study focuses on imaging findings of acute and chronic neuropathic osteoarthropathy in diabetes and discrimination of infected vs. non-infected neuropathic osteoarthropathy.
Editorial Commentary

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

No AccessUrology PracticePatient Care1 Sep 2021Editorial CommentaryThis article comments on the following:Axial Diameter is Superior to Volumetric Measurement in Predicting Ureteral Stone Passage Richard D. Hartnett and Kevan Sternberg Richard D. HartnettRichard D. Hartnett Division of Urology, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont More articles by this author and Kevan SternbergKevan Sternberg Division of Urology, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1097/UPJ.0000000000000242.01AboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "Editorial Commentary." Urology Practice, 8(5), p. 575 References 1. : Variation in radiologic and urologic computed tomography interpretation of urinary tract stone burden: results from the registry for stones of the kidney and ureter. Urology 2018; 111: 59. Google Scholar 2. : In-vitro comparison of different slice thicknesses and kernel settings for measurement of urinary stone size by computed tomography. Urolithiasis 2019; 47: 583. Google Scholar © 2021 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsRelated articlesUrology Practice23 Jun 2021Axial Diameter is Superior to Volumetric Measurement in Predicting Ureteral Stone Passage Volume 8Issue 5September 2021Page: 575-575 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2021 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Richard D. Hartnett Division of Urology, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont More articles by this author Kevan Sternberg Division of Urology, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...