jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
[Cultivation and nitrogen removal characteristics of ANAMMOX granules].

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

An SBR reactor seeded with anaerobic granular sludge was started-up to enrich ANAMMOX (anaerobic ammonia oxidation) bacteria and investigate its nitrogen removal characteristics. Research results showed that hydraulic retention time (HRT) was the most important factor to enrich ANAMMOX bacteria. When the HRT was controlled at 30 d during the initial cultivation, the SBR reactor presented ANAMMOX activity at t = 58 days. Simultaneously, the anaerobic granular sludge changed gradually from dust black to brownish color and its diameter became smaller. At t = 90 days, the ANAMMOX was obvious, and ANAMMOX granules was cultivated successfully. NH4(+) -N and NO2(-) -N were removed simultaneously with higher speed and maximum removal rate reached 14.6 g/(m3 x d) and 6.67 g/(m3 x d) respectively. Between t = 110 days and t = 156 days, the nitrogen load was increased gradually to a hydraulic retention time of 5 days. The removal rate of ammonium and nitrite were 60.6% and 62.5% respectively. The ratio of nitrite/ammonium was 1.12. The sludge changed to henna and formed ANAMMOX granulation with high nitrogen removal activity. The total nitrogen load was 34.3 g/(m3 x d).
Facile synthesis of CdS nanocrystals using thioglycolic acid as a sulfur source and stabilizer in aqueous solution

Field: Chemistry (Physical Sciences)

A novel method has been developed for the synthesis of CdS nanocrystals (NCs) using thioglycolic acid (TGA) as a sulfur source and stabilizer with the presence of hydrogen peroxide in an aqueous medium. The products were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The results indicate that the product was of zinc-blend crystal structure in a sphere-like shape. The room-temperature luminescence spectra revealed that the emission peak of CdS NCs prepared in relatively short refluxing times (10-120 min) could be tuned from 518 nm to 610 nm, and the photoluminescence quantum yield of the as-prepared CdS NCs could reach as high as 12.6%. In addition, the mechanism of the CdS nanocrystals formation was preliminarily discussed.
The Development of an actuarial approach to calculate damages for loss of future earnings

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

The current practice of Malaysian courts in calculating the award of damages for loss of future earnings in personal injury and fatal accidents claims is the conventional multiplier–multiplicand approach without admitting any actuarial evidence. The objective is to calculate an appropriate amount to compensate the plaintiff which will restore to the position he would have been in if that particular damage had not occurred. This article attempts to develop actuarial models using the concept of human life value that can be used as a guide to determine the amount of loss of future earnings. We believe this is where actuarial scientists need to play a role in developing a new scientific model in order to acquire an appropriate amount of award, which is relevant and satisfy both plaintiff and defendant.
Konsep Perkembangan Anak Usia Dini Menurut Perspektif Ibnu Qoyyim Al-Jauziyyah

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

The research problem refers to the concept presented by Ibn Qoyyim Al-Jauziyyah regarding Early Childhood Development in the book Only For You My Son, a translation of the book Tuhfatul Maudud Bi Ahkamil Maulud with the aim of knowing how early childhood development according to Ibn Qoyyim Al-Jauziyyah from physical aspects includes the condition of body structure, gross motor skills and fine motor skills. This type of research is library research, collecting data from primary and secondary data sources, data analysis techniques using deductive methods. Based on the researcher's analysis, the results are: 1) The concept of early childhood development according to Ibn Qoyyim Al-Jauziyyah is a process of increasing maturity and psychological function that needs to be considered from various aspects. 2) Characteristics of early childhood development. On the physical aspect which includes body structure, namely the hardening of the baby's bones starting in the early years, the muscles develop slowly during infancy. Gross motor skills aged 0-3 months can hold their head and body upright. Age 3-6 months can lift his head, tilt his body. Age 6-9 months can sit alone and crawl. Fine motor skills aged 0-3 months have a finger grasping reflex when the palm is touched. Age 3-6 months can move toys from right hand to left hand. Psychological development includes religious aspects, introducing the phrase Tawhid La ilaha illallah, Muhammad Rasulullah and motivating children to be diligent in worship, which will have a good influence on their psychological development. Then the moral aspect by keeping children from moral damage such as lying, stealing, clothing that violates the rules of religious values, and the social aspect by keeping children from being lazy so that there is no social interaction, which will have a bad effect on their social development.
Compressive sensing method for EUV source optimization using different bases

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

An EUV source optimization technique using compressive sensing is introduced in this paper. The pixelated source pattern is sparsely represented in a set of certain basis functions. Blue noise sampling method is used to select sampling points around the margins of the target layout for imaging fidelity evaluation. Based on the compressive sensing theory, the EUV SO is formulated as an l1-norm inverse reconstruction problem and solved by the linearized Bregman algorithm. Different types of sparse bases are also experimented in this paper to investigate their impact on the SO results. These bases include the 2D-DCT basis, spatial basis, Zernike basis, and Haar wavelet basis. Simulations show that ℓthe Haar wavelet basis results in the best imaging fidelity among the four types of bases.
Somatic embryogenesis mediated micropropagation of polyembryonic cultivars of mango Vellaikolumban and Olour using nucellus tissue

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

Abstract Somatic embryogenesis mediated micropropagation from nucellus tissue was attempted in polyembryonic mango at the ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bengaluru during 2016–2019. Studies were conducted to optimize the different stages of somatic embryogenesis namely induction, proliferation, conversion, maturation, germination of somatic embryos and ex vitro establishment of plantlets using nucellus tissue. For culture initiation, various developmental stages of fruits ranging from less than 20 days post-pollination to more than 60 days-post pollination of cultivars Vellaikolumban and Olour were utilized. Fruits of 30–40 days post-pollination in Vellaikolumban and 40–50 days post-pollination in Olour gave better percentage callusing with fewer days for callus initiation and callus formation. Embryonic calli developed on induction medium containing Rugini olive (RO) constituents, 6% sucrose, and 5 ppm each of 2, 4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2, 4-D) and Giberellic acid (GA 3 ). Upon shifting to proliferation medium (RO with 6% sucrose, 5 ppm each of 2, 4-D and GA 3 , 400 mgL −1 of glutamine and 20% v/v coconut water) pro-globular and globular embryos were formed within 4–5 weeks. Further development of somatic embryos through early heart, late heart and cotyledonary stages occurred in conversion medium (half strength B 5 salts, full RO organics, 5 ppm of Indole-3-Acetic Acid (IAA), 20% coconut water and 200 mgL −1 of casein hydrolysate). Maturation of embryos was obtained by using 0.01 mg L −1 of Abscisic acid (ABA) and 100 mg L −1 of Polyethylene glycol (PEG). Germination of embryos with shoot and root initiation was observed in the presence of 5 ppm of zeatin. Our results show that somatic embryogenesis can be used as an alternative method to conventional propagation methods for rapid multiplication of uniform planting material in polyembryonic mango cultivars.
[Untitled]

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

Extract Copyright © 2022 by Joan S. M. Meyers All rights reserved. Except for brief quotations in a review, this book, or parts thereof, must not be reproduced in any form without permission in writing from the publisher. For information, address Cornell University Press, Sage House, 512 East State Street, Ithaca, New York 14850. Visit our website at cornellpress.cornell.edu. First published 2022 by Cornell University Press Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Meyers, Joan S. M., author. Title: Working democracies : managing inequality in worker cooperatives / Joan S. M. Meyers. Description: Ithaca : Cornell University Press, 2022. | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2021042181 (print) | LCCN 2021042182 (ebook) | ISBN 9781501763687 (hardcover) | ISBN 9781501763700 (pdf) | ISBN 9781501763694 (epub) Subjects: LCSH: Producer cooperatives—Management. | Producer cooperatives—California—Case studies. | Equality. | Management— Employee participation. Classification: LCC HD3444 .M48 2022 (print) | LCC HD3444 (ebook) | DDC 334.068—dc23
Long-term treatment with selective PI3Kδ inhibitor leniolisib in adults with activated PI3Kδ syndrome

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Abstract Activated phosphoinositide 3-kinase delta (PI3Kδ) syndrome (APDS) is an inborn error of immunity that manifests as immune deficiency and dysregulation; symptoms include frequent infections and lymphoproliferation. In our dose-finding and phase 3 placebo-controlled trials, treatment with the selective PI3Kδ inhibitor leniolisib reduced lymphoproliferation and normalized lymphocyte subsets. Here, we present 6 years of follow-up from the 6 adult patients in the original dose-finding trial receiving leniolisib. We used data from the ongoing open-label extension study, which was supplemented at later time points by investigators, including health-related quality of life (HRQoL) assessed through a clinician-reported questionnaire. We observed improvements in HRQoL: 5 of 6 patients experienced an increase in physical capabilities and socialization, and a decrease in prescribed medications. Immune subsets improved in all patients: mean transitional B-cell levels decreased from 38.17% to 2.47% and the CD4:CD8 T-cell ratio normalized to 1.11. Manifestations seen before and within the first year of leniolisib exposure, such as infections and gastrointestinal conditions, attenuated after year 2, with few new conditions emerging out to year 6. Thrombocytopenia or lymphopenia remained present in half of patients at year 6. Of 83 adverse events through year 5, 90.36% were grade 1; none were grade 4/5 nor deemed leniolisib related. Collectively, we saw an enhancement in HRQoL as well as durable changes in lymphocyte subsets and clinical manifestations, further supporting the use of leniolisib as a long-term therapeutic option for the treatment of APDS. This trial was registered at www.ClinicalTrials.gov as #NCT02859727.
Role of delay and antibiotics on PERForation rate while waiting appendicECTomy (PERFECT): a protocol for a randomized non-inferiority trial

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Background Longer duration from symptom onset is associated with increased risk of perforation in appendicitis. In previous studies, in-hospital delay to surgery has had conflicting effects on perforation rates. Although preoperative antibiotics have been shown to reduce postoperative infections, there are no data showing that administration of antibiotics while waiting for surgery has any benefits. The aims of this study are to evaluate the role of both in-hospital delay to surgery and antibiotic treatment while waiting for surgery on the rate of appendiceal perforation. Methods This prospective, open-label, randomized, controlled non-inferiority trial compares the in-hospital delay to surgery of less than 8 hours versus less than 24 hours in adult patients with predicted uncomplicated acute appendicitis. Additionally, participants are randomized either to receive or not to receive antibiotics while waiting for surgery. The primary study endpoint is the rate of perforated appendicitis discovered during appendicectomy. The aim is to randomize 1800 patients, that is estimated to give a power of 90 per cent (χ2) for the non-inferiority margin of 5 percentage points for both layers (urgency and preoperative antibiotic). Secondary endpoints include length of hospital stay, 30-day complications graded using Clavien–Dindo classification, preoperative pain, conversion rate, histopathological diagnosis and Sunshine Appendicitis Grading System classification. Discussion There are no previous randomized controlled studies for either in-hospital delay or preoperative antibiotic treatment. The trial will yield new level 1 evidence. EU Clinical Trials Register, EudraCT Number: 2019–002348-26; registration number: NCT04378868 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov)
Confidentiality of Psychiatric Data in Medical Information Systems

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

These documents were prepared by Dr J. A. Baldwin, Dr J. Leff and Professor J. K. Wing at the request of the Executive Committee of the Social and Community Psychiatry Group of the College. After extensive consultation they were approved by the Executive and Finance Committee as representing the policy of the Royal College of Psychiatrists. Copies of the Code of Practice (Annex B), and of the unpublished Annex C, Technical Arrangements for Ensuring Confidentiality and Annex D, General Features of Medical Information Systems, are obtainable from Professor J. K. Wing, M.R.C. Social Psychiatry Unit, Institute of Psychiatry, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF.
Preliminary results of a phase II trial of gefitinib in progressive metastatic neuroendocrine tumors (NET): A Phase II Consortium (P2C) study

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

4083 Background: Metastatic NET (including islet cell carcinoma (ICC) and carcinoid tumors) are progressive in nature despite their indolent behavior. Systemic treatment options are limited. Immunohistochemichal (IHC) data suggest these tumors frequently express the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). This suggests that EGFR mediated signaling may contribute to the growth of NET. Gefitinib is a small-molecule inhibitor of the EGFR tyrosine kinase domain. Methods: We evaluated 6 month progression-free survival (PFS) in two separate cohorts (ie, carcinoid and ICC) and using two separate Phase II trial designs. PFS rates at 6 months of 30% (carcinoid) and 10% (ICC) were considered promising. Importantly, objective radiologic progression by RECIST criteria was required for study entry. Other eligibility criteria included: ECOG PS ≤ 2, ≤ 1 prior chemotherapy, and good organ function. Prior or concurrent octreotide and prior interferon were allowed. Results: 37 patients (pts) were enrolled: (22 carcinoid, 15 ICC). There were 16, 20, and 1 patients with PS of 0, 1, and 2 respectively. Median age was 56 yrs (range 36–79). 14 of 22 (64%) pts with carcinoid tumors and 2 of 15 (13%) pts with ICC were progression-free at 6 months. No objective responses have been observed. Grade 3–4 toxicity (i.e. at least possibly related to gefinitib) was observed in 3 carcinoid pts including diarrhea (1), nausea (1), duodenal ulcer (1), anorexia (1), dehydration (1), fatigue (1), and rash (1);and 3 ICC pts including fatigue (1), hyperglycemia (1), and rash (1). IHC markers of the EGFR pathway on tumor tissue will be presented. Conclusion: Gefitinib can produce prolonged disease stabilization in pts with prior documented objective progression of carcinoid tumors and ICC. Further accrual to this multicenter P2C trial is ongoing. Supported by NOI CM17104. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
The Man of authority: images of power in Virgil’s Aeneid 1.50–156

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In Aen. 1.50-156, Aeolus, king of winds, enforces his will by /imperium/, /vincla/ ('fetters') and /carcer/ ('imprisonment'), but his vanquisher, Neptune, lord of the sea, by /dictis/ ('words'), hence relying on natural authority (auctoritas). This is the central theme of Augustan propaganda, which portrayed Augustus as a statesman in the old Roman tradition in contrast to the oriental despotism of Mark Antony. Augustus is also portrayed as Neptune trampling an enemy, probably Antony, on a contemporary cameo relief.
G-alpha-s-coupled receptor signaling controls circadian rhythm in integrin-mediated cell adhesion of virus-specific human CD8+ T cells

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Abstract Beta2-integrin activation in response to inside-out signaling by chemokines plays a major role in T-cell adhesion to the endothelium and the following extravasation into the inflamed tissue. We and others have previously shown that daytime increase in G-alpha-s-coupled receptor (GαsPCR) signaling, such as via beta2-adrenergic receptors counteracts integrin activation and promotes mobilization of effector CD8+ T cells from the marginal pool into the recirculation. In T cells, integrin activation is also rapidly induced by stimulation of antigen-specific T-cell receptors (TCR), resulting in the formation of stable immunological synapses. Therefore, we asked whether daytime increase in GαsPCR signaling inhibits integrin activation induced by TCR stimulation of human virus-specific T cells. Using ligand-complex-based adhesion assay to measure beta2-integrin activation, we show that affinity of integrins, which were activated by soluble cytomegalovirus virus peptide-major histocompatibility complex class I HLA-multimers is minimal during daytime. Additional in vitro experiments with GαsPCR agonists showed that epinephrine, norepinephrine, histamine, adenosine, and prostaglandins E2/D2 down-modulate the beta2-integrin activation; however, only epinephrine did so in physiological daytime concentrations, suggesting its mayor role in circadian regulation of T-cell adhesion. This active down-modulation of integrin activation through GαsPCR might be an essential mechanism of circadian immune defense regulation.
Beyond right or wrong: How partial credit scoring on multiple‐choice questions improves student performance and assessment perceptions

Field: Psychology (Social Sciences)

Aims In this study, we examined the effects of assigning partial credit to selected answer choices on student performance and perceptions in a pharmacology course using Type A multiple‐choice questions (MCQs). Methods Partial credit scoring was incorporated into quizzes and exams in a 10‐week pharmacology course for postbaccalaureate premedical students ( n = 27). Selected Type A MCQs were scored using predetermined weights based on the proximity of each option to the best answer. Students selected a single best answer, maintaining the traditional MCQ format. We retrospectively recalculated scores using a conventional dichotomous grading for comparison. At the end of the course, students were asked, “Did providing partial credit on multiple‐choice questions impact your learning in a positive way?” Responses were analysed using a grounded theory‐based approach, with comments grouped into thematic categories. Results Of the 105 Type A MCQs administered, 31 (30%) were awarded partial credit. The average percentage score on these items was significantly higher with partial credit (86.1%, standard deviation = 5.7%) compared to conventional scoring (76.5%, standard deviation = 9.1%; paired Student t ‐test, P < .0001). Students with lower performance showed greater score increases compared to high performing students. Qualitative analysis of student reflections provided insights into their experiences with partial scoring. Nine themes emerged from their responses including recognition of effort, reduced pressure, increased confidence and motivation to learn from mistakes. Conclusions Partial credit scoring on MCQs improved student performance and contributed to a more encouraging assessment experience.
Baryon distributions in heavy ion collisions at AGS energies: An experimental overview

Field: Physics and Astronomy (Physical Sciences)

Data on rapidity distributions of protons from the three AGS experiments E-814, E-810 and E-802 are compared on a common base to enlarge the rapidity coverage. Together they provide a unique opportunity to study the proton distributions in relativistic heavy ion reactions over the full rapidity range. Systematics of the rapidity density distributions are presented as function of centrality and mass of colliding system. Considerable stopping is achieved for the heaviest system studied, Au+Au, thus giving the means to study high-density effects in nuclear matter.
Preparation and characterization of temperature-responsive and magnetic nanomicelles

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

One type of the temperature-responsive and magnetic nanomicelles was synthesized based on SPIONs (superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles) and the biocompatible polymer-Pluronic F127 or its copolymer with poly(DL-lactic acid) (F127–PLA) via a facile chemical conjugation method. The magnetic nanomicelles were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), dynamic light scattering measurements (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The varying volume shrinkage of the magnetic nanomicelles was detected when increasing the temperature from 15 to 45 °C. Doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX·HCl) was selected as a model anticancer drug to investigate the drug loading and release behavior in the buffer solutions with different pH values and in an alternating magnetic field (MF). The Alamar blue assay was performed to evaluate the biocompatibility of the micelles and the antiproliferative effect of the drug-loaded micelles. The results displayed that the magnetic micelles were safe carriers and the DOX·HCl-loaded micelles were equally effective as the free drug for suppressing the growth of tumor cells. The blood compatibility studies showed few effects on coagulation and hemolysis. Therefore, the magnetic micelles possess many great potential applications in the field of nanomedicine.
PENGARUH PRAKTIK TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT (TQM) TERHADAP QUALITY PERFORMANCE : STUDI PADA PERUSAHAAN JASA DI PEKANBARU

Field: Business, Management and Accounting (Social Sciences)

The study examines impact total quality management (TQM) practices on quality performance. The empirical data for this study was drawn from a survey of 41 middle/senior managers from service firms in Pekanbaru. The analysis was conducted using regression analysis technique The findings indicate that partially only leadership, customer focus and process management have significant impact on quality performance, and people management, planning and information analysis have not significant impact on quality performance.
Examining Sigma and Beta Convergence in Emerging Market Economies

Field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Social Sciences)

This study examines convergence among the select emerging market economies (EMEs) over two decades, from 2000 to 2020. The coefficient of variation was used to measure sigma convergence. Cross-sectional and panel regression analyses were performed to examine unconditional and conditional beta convergence, respectively. The macroeconomic variables chosen for the panel regression analysis were gross fixed capital formation, current account balance, inflation, research and development expenditure, world governance index and life expectancy index. The results supported the presence of convergence (both sigma and beta) among the EMEs over the selected period. In addition, it was found that, except for the current account balance, all selected variables contributed significantly to the growth process of EMEs.