jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Drought tolerance of the photosynthetic apparatus of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) lines with introgressions in chromosome 2D from Aegilops tauschii Coss.

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

One of the ways to increase yield stability of bread wheat under changing climatic conditions is through improving the photosynthesis efficiency. For this purpose, various genetic strategies are used. They include markerassisted selection and the use of the genetic potential of wild wheat relatives. Previously, using introgression wheat lines carrying different segments of chromosome 2D from Aegilops tauschii in the genetic background of the wheat ( Triticum aestivum ) variety Chinese Spring (CS), we mapped QTLs associated with variability in shoot biomass and gas exchange under contrasting water supply conditions. In this work, by “splitting” the primary introgressions, we obtained secondary introgression CS lines with reduced segments of Ae. tauschii introgressions in the short and long arms of chromosomes 2D. The aim of this study was to investigate the tolerance of the photosynthetic apparatus to soil water deficit in these lines. We estimated the size of drought effect on shoot biomass, gas exchange parameters, photosynthetic pigment content, slow and fast chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, and fast light curve parameters. The results showed that line 1004 with an introgression in chromosome 2DS limited by microsatellite loci Xgwm296 and Xgwm261 was little affected by drought in respect of the chlorophyll ( a+b )/carotenoid ratio and primary photosynthetic processes. In line 1005 with a single introgression in the region of the Xgwm261 marker, the chlorophyll ( a+b )/carotenoid ratio and indicators of the functional activity of photosystems significantly decreased under water deficiency. The chlorophyll ( a+b )/carotenoid ratio, CO 2 assimilation rate, and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters remained stable in line 1034 with an introgression in chromosome 2DL near the Xgwm1419 and Xgwm157 loci. In line 1021 with an introgression in the region of the Xgwm539 marker on the same chromosome, we observed a strong negative effect of drought on the rate of CO 2 assimilation and indicators of the functional activity of photosystems. The Xgwm1419 and Xgwm296 markers can be recommended for use in marker-assisted breeding for drought tolerance of bread wheat in the cases where Ae. tauschii acts as a donor of genetic material.
Dental fricatives and stops in Germanic: Deriving diachronic processes from synchronic variation

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

This paper presents evidence for four important arguments: 1) Particular conditions in the development of the English language have allowed phonetic variation in the dental fricative to persist with few phonemic developments over the course of time. 2) The range of variation in production of the modern American English dental fricative reflects the range of actual outcomes in the other Germanic languages developing out of Proto-Germanic. 3) Relying on the uniformitarian principle, that the kinds of processes we can observe in the present are the same as processes that shaped languages in the past, this paper illustrates that the kinds of variation that are present in the Modern American English dental fricative are the same kinds of variation that can be posited to have existed in the dental fricative in Proto-Germanic. 4) These three points support, and are supported by, the theory, derived from multiple branches of linguistics, that sound change is the result of different phonemic interpretations and generalizations derived from ongoing variation. The spread of these generalizations is what gives us measurable and widespread sound changes such as those that have produced the various modern instantiations of the dental fricative.
Symmetry of the triple octonionic product

Field: Mathematics (Physical Sciences)

The Hermitian decomposition of a linear operator is generalized to the case of two or more operations. An additive expansion of the product of three octonions into three parts is constructed, wherein each part either preserve or change the sign under the action of the Hermitian conjugation and operation of inversion of the multiplicative order of three hypercomplex numbers, as well as under the composition of specified operations. The product of three octonions, in particular quaternions, with conjugate central factor is presented as the sum of mutually orthogonal triple anticommutator, triple commutator and associator that vanishes in the case of associative quaternions. The triple commutator is treated as a generalization of the cross product to the case of three arguments both for quaternions and octonions. A generalized cross product is introduced as an antisymmetric component of the triple octonionic product that changes sign both for inversion of the multiplicative order of three arguments, and for the Hermitian conjugation of the product considered respectively to the central argument. The definition of the cross product of three hypercomplex numbers deduced from symmetry considerations is compared with the solution of S. Okubo (1993) and the modern solution of T. Dray and M.A. Corinne (2015). It is shown that the derived definition is equivalent to the first solution presented by S.Okubo in an insufficiently perfect form.
Multipath Routing - A Cross-Layer Design Tool for QoS Provisioning in MANETs

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Quality of Service in MANET: The goal is to support real-time (interactive) applications in mobile and ad hoc networks with: "guaranteed" timely delivery, data protection against channel impairment, load balancing. Why is this a new problem? (i.e., QoS in MANET vs. QoS in infrastructure-based wireless networks): MANETs are multi-hop based, no infrastructure, no central entity, frequently changing topology with wireless connectivity.
Binding of <sup>14</sup>C-ADP to Normal Human and Thrombasthenic Platelet Membranes. Study of the Dissociation of the Nucleotide from Its Receptors

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (Life Sciences)

Normal and thrombasthenic platelet membranes are able to specifically bind <sup>14</sup>C-ADP (12). According to the concentration of ADP present in the medium, ‘high affinity binding sites’ (Ka = 0.5 × 10<sup>6</sup><i>M<sup>-1</sup>) </i>and ‘low affinity-binding sites’ (Ka= 0.05 × 10<sup>6</sup> M<sup>-1</sup>) can be recognized. In the present study, dissociation of ADP from the ‘high affinity binding sites’ was measured with six normal and with three thrombasthenic platelet membrane preparations. A 1:100 dilution was used to dissociate the membrane-bound <sup>14</sup>C-ADP and the kinetics of the dissociation was determined. The same profile of dissociation (with T 1/2 = 4–10 min at 37 °C) was observed using normal or thrombasthenic membranes. With both preparations, the rate of dissociation was increased (up to T 1/2 = 1 – 3 min) when unlabelled ADP (at concentration higher than 10<sup>-5</sup><i>M</i>) was added in the diluting medium. The results confirm the presence of normal ADP binding sites on thrombasthenic platelet membrane and possibly suggest the existence of cooperative interactions between the sites on normal as well as on thrombasthenic membranes.
Predicting soil erosion and assessing quality indicators in two Brazilian watersheds: subsidy for territorial planning

Field: Environmental Science (Physical Sciences)

Soil erosion might be induced by human pressure and result in irreversible environmental impacts. In the municipality of Itapevi (SP, Brazil), where demographic saturation has driven the population to the outskirts of the urban center, changes in land cover and the occupation of environmentally fragile areas of the relief can trigger the erosion process. Hence, we aimed to evaluate erosion susceptibility in two hydrographic sub-basins of Sapiantã. We considered soil quality-related and active erosion occurrence, associated with the Universal Soil Loss Equation. The results indicated that despite strong Natural Potential Erosion, the areas showed soil losses predominantly below 10 t.ha−1.year−1, due to the significant vegetation cover present. The advance of unplanned urbanization in the watershed may contribute to the siltation of water bodies and floods in the central area of the municipality, making it necessary to adopt efficient public policies in preventing soil loss by sheet erosion.
Penicillin Sensitivity of Strains of Non-hemolytic Streptococci Isolated from Gases of Sub-acute Bacterial Endocarditis

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

ConclusionsWith occasional exceptions strains of non-hemolytic streptococci isolated from cases of sub-acute bacterial endocarditis are sensitive to penicillin in vitro. The degree of sensitivity is approximately the same as that shown by strains of staphylococci isolated from human infections but is not as great as that exhibited by hemolytic streptococci. The degree of sensitivity of any particular strain does not correspond with the cultural or serological properties of the strain. In the treatment of each individual case, the sensitivity of the infecting strain should be determined as a guide to appropriate therapy.
Georges Cuisenaire’s numbers in colour. A teaching aid that survived the 1950s

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

In 1952, a Belgian primary school teacher, Georges Cuisenaire, published Les nombres en couleurs, a booklet in which the author describes his invention and explains a corresponding method for teaching elementary arithmetic. Cuisenaire materialized the numbers from one to ten by means of rods of corresponding lengths and in different colours. The rods provided a concrete tool for exploring and gaining insight in basic concepts and skills, such as the four basic operations, finding divisors and multiples, working with fractions, the decimal system, arithmetic sequences, and area and volume calculation. From the mid-1950s, with the support of Caleb Gattegno, the Cuisenaire rods broke through worldwide. In subsequent years, empirical research into the effectiveness of the Cuisenaire’s method was initiated and in several countries Cuisenaire Associations were founded. In the late 1960s and 1970s, a number of attempts were made to use the material for the teaching of typical modern mathematics contents to (very) young children, but the use of the rods in this context was sometimes far-fetched and did not break through. Keywords: CIEAEM, Cuisenaire rods, numbers in colour, teaching aid, teaching material, Georges Cuisenaire, Caleb Gattegno
Optimalisasi Biaya Produksi Pengemasan Kopi dengan Metode Liniear Programming Menggunakan Software POM for Windows

Field: Decision Sciences (Social Sciences)

PT TRB company which operates in the food and beverage industry is currently making efforts to obtain optimal production results with the aim of obtaining the best profits. The production process analyzed in this process is the main production process, namely the roasting and packing process. For volcanic tiger products, it can be calculated that the time required for the process takes 3 minutes and 2 minutes for the packaging process. For volcanic Komodo products, the roasting process takes 2 minutes. minutes and the packing process takes 4 minutes. The profit obtained by the company in producing volcanic tigers is Rp. 6,000 and a profit of Rp. 8,000 for the production of volcanic Komodo in profits per sachet. The results of calculations using manual methods and using POM for Windows software are the same, namely that 10,800 pcs of volcanic tigers must be produced. and 5400 pcs volcanic Komodo to get a profit of IDR 108,000,00.00
Patients with Idiopathic Pulmonary Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Disease Have Normal Th1/Th2 Cytokine Responses but Diminished Th17 Cytokine and Enhanced Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor Production

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract Objective Although disseminated nontuberculous mycobacterial infection is attributed to defects in the interleukin (IL)-12/interferon-γ circuit, the immunophenotype of idiopathic pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacterial (PNTM) disease is not well defined. Method We phenotyped Th1, Th2, Th17, and Treg cytokines and colony-stimulating factor production from patients with idiopathic PNTM disease. Data were compared with healthy donors, cystic fibrosis (CF), and primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) patients with PNTM disease. Both supernatant cytokine production and intracellular cytokines expressed by various leukocyte subpopulations following mitogen and antigen stimulation were assayed by electrochemiluminescence–based multiplex immunoassay and flow cytometry, respectively. Results Regardless of antigen or mitogen stimulation, neither intracellular nor extracellular Th1, Th2, and Treg cytokine levels differed between patients and controls. Th17 cells and IL-17A levels were lower in idiopathic PNTM patients, whereas monocyte granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) expression in response to NTM stimulation was higher compared with healthy donors. Besides, distinct cytokine responses following stimulation by Mycobacterium abscessus and Mycobacterium avium were observed consistently within each group. Conclusions The IL-12/IFN-γ circuit appeared intact in patients with idiopathic PNTM disease. However, idiopathic PNTM patients had reduced Th17 response and higher mycobacteria-induced monocyte GM-CSF expression.
Newborn care practices at home and health facilities in Tigray, Ethiopia: a qualitative assessment

Field: Health Professions (Health Sciences)

Abstract

Background: The Most Vulnerable age group for child survival is neonatal period. In 2019, Newborn deaths accounted to nearly half of under-5mortality with 2.4 million deaths Worldwide. (1) The estimated neonatal mortality rate of Ethiopia is 30 deaths per 1000 live births. (3). The aim of this study is to assess the Newborn care practices at home and public health care system in Tigray. Methods: A qualitative study was conducted with two techniques: focused group discussions and in depth interviews. Five zones from Tigray region were included in the study. A total of 16 focused group discussions and 46 in depth interviews were conducted among community representatives and health workers. Collected data was discussed, recorded data was transcribed ATLAS ti software was used for coding themes and experiences. The transcribed data were analyzed using an inductive approach. Before coding, the themes were identified and thoroughly discussed. Results: Community perspective: Despite satisfactory knowledge of the community on basic new born care and harmful traditional practices, there is still significant and unresolved problem with the practices. Financial and social factors were found to affect the active participation of parents especially the mother in care of the baby in the facility. Health care professionals perspective: Unlike Facility births, weight measurement practice for home births is variable with most being not weighed. There are missed home births despite presence of home birth notification framework. HEWs do postnatal care using scheduled home visit care package. Up-referral continuum of care and referral feedback from hospitals is poor. Widespread shortages of electric power, phototherapy machine, and lack of awareness on the community side on care of preterm and LBW babies are among the findings. Economic insecurity and social factors were critical factors affecting parents experience. Conclusion: As the Ethiopian Federal Ministry of Health focuses on decreasing the huge Neonatal mortality rate, improving the newborn care practices both at home and in health facilities would be important. It is necessary to invest on strengthening the HEP and Health education programs and have an actionable strategy with dedicated resources to provide effective services at facility level.
The Fossil Record of Predation in Dinosaurs

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

Predatory theropod dinosaurs can usually be identified as such by features of their jaws, teeth, and postcrania, but different clades of these reptiles differed in their adaptations for prey handling. Inferences about theropod diets and hunting behavior based on functional morphology are sometimes supported by evidence from taphonomic associations with likely prey species, bite marks, gut contents, coprolites, and trackways. Very large theropods like Tyrannosaurus are unlikely to have been pure hunters or scavengers, and probably ate whatever meat they could easily obtain, dead or alive. Theropods were not the only dinosaur hunters, though; other kinds of large reptiles undoubtedly fed on dinosaurs as well The taxonomic composition of dinosaurian predator-prey complexes varies as a function of time and geography, but an ecologically remarkable feature of dinosaurian faunas, as compared with terrestrial mammalian faunas, is the very large size commonly attained by both herbivorous and carnivorous dinosaurs. The K/T extinction event(s) did not end dinosaurian predation, because carnivorous birds remained prominent predators throughout the Cenozoic Era.
The Development of Honeybees in their Cells

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

SUMMARYThis review covers the behaviour, growth and development of the queen, drone and worker honeybee reared in the colony. The period before the cell is capped over is described under the headings egg stage and 'feeding' larval stage; the period after capping is divided into the following stages: 'spinning' larval, prepupal, pupal, imaginal. Factors are discussed which affect the rate of development, and the weight of the bee finally emerging from the cell.
Open-World Semi-Supervised Learning for fMRI Analysis to Diagnose Psychiatric Disease

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

Due to the incomplete nature of cognitive testing data and human subjective biases, accurately diagnosing mental disease using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data poses a challenging task. In the clinical diagnosis of mental disorders, there often arises a problem of limited labeled data due to factors such as large data volumes and cumbersome labeling processes, leading to the emergence of unlabeled data with new classes, which can result in misdiagnosis. In the context of graph-based mental disorder classification, open-world semi-supervised learning for node classification aims to classify unlabeled nodes into known classes or potentially new classes, presenting a practical yet underexplored issue within the graph community. To improve open-world semi-supervised representation learning and classification in fMRI under low-label settings, we propose a novel open-world semi-supervised learning approach tailored for functional magnetic resonance imaging analysis, termed Open-World Semi-Supervised Learning for fMRI Analysis (OpenfMA). Specifically, we employ spectral augmentation self-supervised learning and dynamic concept contrastive learning to achieve open-world graph learning guided by pseudo-labels, and construct hard positive sample pairs to enhance the network’s focus on potential positive pairs. Experiments conducted on public datasets validate the superior performance of this method in the open-world psychiatric disease diagnosis domain.
Abdominal wound dehiscence: a review of 60 cases at the University College Hospital, Ibadan.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

A total of 212 cases of abdominal wound dehiscence requiring secondary closure occurred in 8632 surgical obstetric and gynaecological laparotomies over a 7-year period ending in December 1981. The incidence of abdominal wound dehiscence at Ibadan was 2.5%. Contaminated wounds were the most susceptible with an incidence of 19%. A detailed review of 60 cases revealed a mean age of 29 years. Wound infection was the most prominent contributory factor. Tension sutures appeared to be ineffective in preventing wound dehiscence. Following secondary closure, 53% of the patients developed further wound complications, mainly wound infection, incisional hernia and repeat dehiscence. The average duration of hospitalization was 35 days and 7% of the patients died post-operatively.
Antitumour effects of Liporaxel (oral paclitaxel) for canine melanoma in a mouse xenograft model

Field: Veterinary (Health Sciences)

Abstract Paclitaxel, a member of the taxane family, exhibits antitumour effects by targeting the microtubules in cancer cells. Recently, oral paclitaxel has been developed to overcome the side effects of intravenous paclitaxel administration in human patients. The objective of this study was to investigate the antitumour effects of oral paclitaxel in vitro and in vivo. Three weeks after inoculation, oral paclitaxel (25 and 50 mg/kg) or saline was administered every week for three consecutive weeks. To explore the underlying mechanism, tumour angiogenesis was examined by immunohistochemistry with an anti‐CD31 antibody. Tumour cell apoptosis was detected by Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP Nick‐End Labeling assay, and cell cycle arrest was confirmed by western blot analysis. Oral paclitaxel treatment of canine melanoma cells exerted mediated antiproliferative effects and mediated cell cycle arrest in vitro. In animal experiments, after oral paclitaxel administration, the average tumour size decreased to approximately 30% of that in the control. Histologically, oral paclitaxel showed anti‐angiogenic effects and induced the apoptosis in tumour tissues. Oral paclitaxel also downregulated the intratumoural expression of cyclin D1 and inhibited cell proliferation. The study findings support potential application of oral paclitaxel as a novel chemotherapeutic strategy to treat canine melanoma. This is the first study to investigate the potential of oral paclitaxel as a therapeutic drug against canine tumours.
Activated DDR1 increases RS cell survival

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

In this issue of Blood, Cader et al show that tumor microenvironment promotes Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-driven lymphomagenesis in Hodgkin lymphoma by a novel pathway involving latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) and discoidin domain receptor 1 (DDR1), which is activated by collagen(s) and contributes to the survival of Reed-Sternberg (RS) cells.
Audible and Infrasonic waves generated during the 2022 Hunga eruption: Observations from across Aotearoa New Zealand

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences (Physical Sciences)

The 15 January 2022 eruption of Hunga volcano (Kingdom of Tonga) featured one of the most powerful blasts in recent history, generating atmospheric acoustic phenomena observed around the world. Here we examine seismo-acoustic data of the eruption from across Aotearoa New Zealand, host of the densest network of seismo-acoustic sensors in the south-west Pacific. We find clear evidence for two wavepackets of audible acoustics generated by the eruption propagating north-to-south across Aotearoa New Zealand. Celerities estimated from manually picked arrival times indicate that each wavepacket was likely induced by nonlinear phenomena during the passage of Lamb and Pekeris waves, the latter an atmospheric resonance mode not observed prior to the eruption of Hunga volcano. We also highlight results from array processing across a large scale acoustic network, where we successfully detect and estimate backazimuths for coherent low frequency acoustic waves across a maximum aperture of 11 km. The observations presented here provide a new dataset for developing novel techniques for modelling and monitoring of rare atmospheric acoustic phenomena.