jimnoneill/paper-to-field-training huggingface dataset:
Assessment of risk factors for inappropriate empiric antibiotic therapy in patients with Gram-negative sterile site infection complicated by sepsis or septic shock

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

The association between the administration of inappropriate empiric antibiotic treatment (IEA) and an increased risk of hospital mortality has been consistently reported. This study explores pre-infection risk factors for IEA in patients with Gram-negative (GN) sterile site infections complicated by sepsis or septic shock. Retrospective cohort study at Barnes-Jewish Hospital (2010–2015). Risk factors including history of hospitalization, receipt of intravenous antipseudomonal antibiotics, and isolation of GN organisms 90 days prior to admission were collected. Process of care variables assessed included ICU admission, durations of mechanical ventilation, central venous catheter, and urinary catheter insertion, and antibiotic days prior to isolation of a GN pathogen(s). IEA was defined as receipt of antibiotic therapy that lacked in vitro activity against the identified pathogen(s) within the 24 hours of the culture being obtained. Multivariable logistic regression analysis (MVLRA) risk factor modeling that included IEA as the dependent outcome variable was conducted. 855 consecutive patients with first episode sepsis or septic shock were included. Compared with patients receiving appropriate empiric therapy (n = 715), variables significantly associated with IEA (n = 140) within 90 days prior to admission included recent hospitalization (23.1% v. 34.3%, P = 0.005), mean days of meropenem (0 v. 2.1, P = 0.010) and piperacillin-tazobactam (0 v. 1.6, P <0.001) therapy, and isolation of a GN organism(s) (8.4% v. 20.0%, P <0.001). Prior to isolation of the GN pathogen(s), median hospital (0 v. 6 days, P < 0.001) and ICU (0 v. 0 days, P < 0.001) length of stay, as well as the median duration of CVC dwell time (10 v. 17 days, P = 0.050) was associated with IEA. MVLRA identified isolation of a GN pathogen (AOR 3.432 95% CI 2.024-5.820, P <0.001) and days of piperacillin-tazobactam therapy (AOR 1.149 95% CI 1.061–1.245, P <0.001) in the 90 days prior to admission, as well as Charlson score (AOR 1.097 95% CI 1.023-1.177, p + 0.010) as independent risk factors for IEA. Consideration of risk factors prior to admission and prior to collection of a sterile site specimen appear to be critical when making empiric antibiotic decisions targeting GN pathogens in patients with sepsis or septic shock. S. Micek, Merck: Grant Investigator, Research grant.
How Age Matters in the Assessment of Vertigo in the Pediatric Emergency Department: A 10-Year Age-Stratified Etiology Survey.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Vertigo is a relatively frequent cause for referral to the pediatric emergency department, and it is usually caused by benign or self-limiting etiology. However, it could be difficult to evaluate especially in the younger child and could also conceal serious illness as encephalitis or cerebellitis. Our survey collected in a 10-year period 757 children assessed in pediatric emergency department for vertigo and stratified this population for etiology and for group of age: younger than 6 years (113, 14.9%), between 7 and 12 years (251, 33.2%), and older than 12 years (393, 51.9%). In addition, associated signs and symptoms, evaluation by a neurologist or an otorhinolaryngologist, and instrumental investigations were recorded.We found that age is the most important variable to assess the possibility of a central nervous system disease as etiology cause of vertigo with a significant difference of incidence between the younger group (younger than 6 years, 23%) and older groups (3% and 1%; P < 0.001).This finding should reinforce the index of suspicion for a central nervous system illness as cause of vertigo in the preschool children with an accurate workup including evaluation by a neurologist or an otorhinolaryngologist and instrumental investigations as needed.
Acyclovir for treatment of varicella in immunecompetent patients.

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Varicella, one of the most common childhood diseases, can cause significant morbidity and even mortality in immunecompetent persons. In the U.S. alone, an estimated 4000-6000 otherwise normal youngsters are hospitalized every year with an annual death rate for immunecompetent persons of 96. This article reviews and updates progress in clinical trials utilizing oral acyclovir for treatment of varicella in immunecompetent patients. Three placebo-controlled, double-blind studies of acyclovir in normal youngsters and adolescents found that the drug reduced the height and duration of fever and accelerated cutaneous healing without producing any adverse effects. Acyclovir did not diminish VZV antibody titers measured one year post-varicella by either ELISA or FAMA methods. A recent study in 148 immunecompetent adults demonstrated that acyclovir can significantly reduce fever and hasten cutaneous healing. Acyclovir is thus of proven benefit for treatment of varicella. The major issue remaining is who should be treated, and the pros and cons of this are discussed.
Electrochemical Supercapacitors for Energy Storage and Delivery: Fundamentals and Applications

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Although recognized as an important component of all energy storage and conversion technologies, electrochemical supercapacitators (ES) still face development challenges in order to reach their full potential. A thorough examination of development in the technology during the past decade, Electrochemical Supercapacitors for Energy Storage and Delivery: Fundamentals and Applications provides a comprehensive introduction to the ES from technical and practical aspects and crystallization of the technology, detailing the basics of ES as well as its components and characterization techniques. The b
A preventive study on delayed encephalopathy induced by acute carbon monoxide poisoning

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Objective To probe into the change of related active matter in blood vessel and the preventive effect of comprehensive the rapeutic method on delayed encephalopathy in hematoplasma before and after ischemia reperfusion lesion of sudden cardiac arrest of rabbits. Methods We detected the malonyldialdehyde (MDA), endothelin-1(ET-1), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), prothrombin time (PT), and partial thromboplastin time (APTT) in the patients of the three groups in order to observe the situation about the delayed encephalopathy induced by acute carbon monoxide poisoning. Results Compared with control group, the time of coma in the treatment group Ⅰ,Ⅱ was obviously shortened( P 0.01, P 0.01). Compared with group Ⅱ and control group, the incidence of delayed encephalopathy in group Ⅰ was obviously decreased ( P 0.05, P 0.01). The contents of serum MDA, ET-1 were in higher level in acute period, then the contents of those active matters group Ⅰ was obviously decreased during restoration stage, compared with group Ⅱ and control group, and those matters were slowly decreased in delayed encenhalonathy.Conclusion To detect related active matter in blood vessel played an important role in estimating the situation of patients, conducting how to use the medicines, predicting the prognosis. The key of the prevention of delayed encephalopathy was to select the adequate medicine, to use high pressure oxygen, and to delay the observing time.
Gaussian Process-Based Spatiotemporal Modeling of Electrical Wave Propagation in Human Atrium

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Rhythm regularity of the heart depends on how electrical impulses spread through the cardiac conduction system. Any abnormal activities in the electrical impulses can lead to serious cardiac disorders or sudden death. It is important to understand the electrical activities of the human heart in both healthy and diseased conditions to determine the cause of cardiac disorders and explore the best therapeutic designs. Mathematical models calibrated with clinical and/or in-vitro data are popularly used to study cardiac function and investigate treatment effects. Most of the current human heart models are highly integrated and couple over a hundred equations across different organizational scales of ion channel, cell, and muscle. The model complex poses a significant computational challenge on cardiac simulation. This study developed a metamodel to replace the time-consuming simulation model. Specifically, Gaussian Process (GP) is used to reconstruct the spatiotemporal variations of the cell membrane potential in left atrium. Four different covariance functions were used to infer the potential distributions. The GP model provides an accurate estimation of the spatiotemporal propagation of electrical waves with a small set of data and shows great advantage in computations as compared to traditional models.
Supplemental Data from: Association Between Mutation Clearance After Induction Therapy and Outcomes in Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Supplemental Data for: Association Between Mutation Clearance After Induction Therapy and Outcomes in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. JAMA. 2015
(Paper available at: PubMed JAMA)

Authors: Jeffery M. Klco, M.D., Ph.D.* Christopher A. Miller, Ph.D.*, Malachi Griffith, Ph.D., Allegra Petti, Ph.D., David H. Spencer, M.D., Ph.D., Shamika Ketkar-Kulkarni, M.S., Lukas D. Wartman, M.D., Matthew Christopher, M.D., Ph.D., Tamara L. Lamprecht, B.S., Nicole M. Helton, B.S., Eric J. Duncavage, M.D., Jacqueline E. Payton, M.D., Ph.D., Jack Baty, B.A., Sharon E. Heath, Obi L. Griffith, Ph.D., Dong Shen, Ph.D., Jasreet Hundal, M.S., Gue Su Chang, Ph.D., Robert Fulton, M.S., Michelle O'Laughlin, B.S., Catrina Fronick, B.S., Vincent Magrini, Ph.D., Ryan T. Demeter, B.E., David E. Larson, Ph.D., Shashikant Kulkarni, M.S., Ph.D., Bradley A. Ozenberger, Ph.D., John S. Welch, M.D., Ph.D., Matthew J. Walter, M.D., Timothy A. Graubert, M.D., Peter Westervelt, M.D., Ph.D., Jerald P. Radich, M.D., Daniel C. Link, M.D., Elaine R. Mardis, Ph.D., John F. DiPersio, M.D., Ph.D., Richard K. Wilson, Ph.D., and Timothy J. Ley
A NEW RECORD FOR THE AFRICAN MOLOSSID BAT TADARIDA ALOYSIISABAUDIAE

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) A specimen of Tadarida aloysiisabaudiae from Western Uganda, Africa, appears to represent the third known example of this species since its original discovery in 1907 and the first specimen to be collected since 1913. External and cranial measurements agree closely with the type specimen. It is compared with Tadarida bivittata and confirmed as a distinctively different species. The lateral view of the lower jaw and anterior aspect of the upper and lower canines and incisors are illustrated for the first time.
The Effects of Kind and Rate of Vermicompost in Pot Medium on the Growth of Ficus bengamina

Field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Life Sciences)

In order to study the kind and rate effects of vermicompost in pot media on Ficus benjamin growth, an experiment was carried out in the greenhouse of Flower and Ornamental Plant Research Station of Lahijan for two years (2003- 2004). This experiment was implemented in factorial based on randomized complete block design with two kinds of vermicompost (vermicompost of cow manure and vermicompost of cow manure + saw dust) in five levels (0, 10 ,20, 30 and 40%) and three replications. These materials were substituted to peat in peat + perlit media (2 : 1 volume %) with respect to the kind and rate of vermicompost, and transferred to 4 liter pots. Results showed that, the effect of cow manure + saw dust vermicompost on shoot and dry leaf weight, dry leaf weight, dry shoot weight and Cu of media was more than cow manure vermicompost. The vermicompost at the rate of 20% significantly increased the shoot and fresh leaf weight, shoot and dry leaf weight and dry leaf weight compared to control. The effect of 10, 30 and 40% vermicompost on shoot and fresh leaf weight, shoot and dry leaf weight, and dry leaf weight were not significant. With respect to the high EC in media of 40% vermicompost and high cost of peat for potting media, application of 20% vermicompost could be economical.
Chondroitin sulphate inhibits connective tissue mast cells

Field: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Life Sciences)

Mast cells derive from the bone marrow and are responsible for the development of allergic and possibly inflammatory reactions. Mast cells are stimulated by immunoglobulin E (IgE) and specific antigen, but also by a number of neuropeptides such as neurotensin (NT), somatostatin or substance P (SP), to secrete numerous pro‐inflammatory molecules that include histamine, cytokines and proteolytic enzymes. Chondroitin sulphate, a major constituent of connective tissues and of mast cell secretory granules, had a dose‐dependent inhibitory effect on rat peritoneal mast cell release of histamine induced by the mast cell secretagogue compound 48/80 (48/80). This inhibition was stronger than that of the clinically available mast cell ‘stabilizer’ disodium cromoglycate (cromolyn). Inhibition by chondroitin sulphate increased with the length of preincubation and persisted after the drug was washed off, while the effect of cromolyn was limited by rapid tachyphylaxis. Immunologic stimulation of histamine secretion from rat connective tissue mast cells (CTMC) was also inhibited, but this effect was weaker in umbilical cord‐derived human mast cells and was absent in rat basophilic leukemia (RBL) cells which are considered homologous to mucosal mast cells (MMC). Oligo‐ and monosaccharides were not as effective as the polysaccharides. Inhibition, documented by light and electron microscopy, involved a decrease of intracellular calcium ion levels shown by confocal microscopy and image analysis. Autoradiography at the ultrastructural level showed that chondroitin sulphate was mostly associated with plasma and perigranular membranes. Chondroitin sulphate appears to be a potent mast cell inhibitor of allergic and nonimmune stimulation with potential clinical implications. British Journal of Pharmacology (2000) 131 , 1039–1049; doi: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0703672
The translation & transcription of transcription of Mother Uganda & Her Children

Field: Arts and Humanities (Social Sciences)

I think we normally underestimate the value of preservation. Organizing the transcription and translating of Mother Uganda and Her Children made me realize just how much of an issue this is for Ugandan theatre. Firstly, I was thrilled when Jane Plastow contacted me about the translation. I had heard so much about Professor Rose Mbowa while I was studying theatre at Makerere University, and participating in preserving one of her works has been an absolute pleasure. When I watched the broken bits of the recording of the play – a poor quality and partial VHS tape transferred onto DVD – I was even more excited. I thought to myself; this is going to be easy, and fun. Although I was right about the latter, I was very wrong about the former.
Optimization of computational budget for power system risk assessment

Field: Computer Science (Physical Sciences)

We address the problem of maintaining high voltage power transmission\nnetworks in security at all time, namely anticipating exceeding of thermal\nlimit for eventual single line disconnection (whatever its cause may be) by\nrunning slow, but accurate, physical grid simulators. New conceptual frameworks\nare calling for a probabilistic risk-based security criterion. However, these\napproaches suffer from high requirements in terms of tractability. Here, we\npropose a new method to assess the risk. This method uses both machine learning\ntechniques (artificial neural networks) and more standard simulators based on\nphysical laws. More specifically we train neural networks to estimate the\noverall dangerousness of a grid state. A classical benchmark problem (manpower\n118 buses test case) is used to show the strengths of the proposed method.\n
STUDIES OF DESEGREGATION IN PROCESS

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

Journal Article STUDIES OF DESEGREGATION IN PROCESS Get access Charles H. Parrish Charles H. Parrish University of Louisville Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Public Opinion Quarterly, Volume 22, Issue 2, SUMMER 1958, Pages 189–190, https://doi.org/10.1093/poq/22.2.189 Published: 01 January 1958
MICROWAVE-POWERED LAMPS: A NEW SOURCE OF HIGH INTENSITY LIGHTING

Field: Energy (Physical Sciences)

Although microwave-powered systems have been used for nearly two decades as UV sources for annealing and other industrial processes, recent discoveries indicate that these systems may also have application in providing a source of high intensity lighting. The spectral characteristics of newly developed microwave-powered lamps will be described in comparison to sunlight and a mixture of high pressure sodium and metal halide lamps. The responses of plants grown under these sources will be compared.
[The prune belly syndrome].

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

On the basis of a specific case and of references, the problems concerning the symptoms, diagnoses and the therapy of the Prune-Belly syndrome are presented. The importance of a urodynamic check-up prior to surgical measures is underlined. Due to the many combinations of malfunctions and the lack of sexual specification, it seems preferable to consider mesenchymal dysplasia as the focal point of interest rather than the abdominal muscle defecite--uromalformation--kryptorchism--triad. In view of the high chances of infection, a conservative approach seems advisable, although the possibilities of active measures with due consideration of certain urodynamic parameters are also presented.
PATH-49. INTRA-OPERATIVE GENETIC ANALYSES FOR DECISION-MAKING DURING TUMOR REMOVAL OF ADULT-TYPE DIFFUSE GLIOMA USING RAPID QUANTITATIVE PCR DEVICE

Field: Medicine (Health Sciences)

Abstract BACKGROUND Recent comprehensive molecular analyses of central nervous system (CNS) tumors identified several diagnostic or prognostic markers. Especially, for adult-type diffuse glioma, IDH mutation, TERT promoter (pTERT) mutation and CDKN2A homozygous deletion are quite important markers for diagnosis and prognosis of this type of glioma. Intra-operative identification of these molecular alterations could be effective for decision-making of tumor removal strategy. METHODS In this study, we established intra-operative gene analysis method using rapid quantitative PCR device, GeneSoC, by which we could obtain genotype of these important genes for 20 minutes in an operating room. Using GeneSoC, we could perform 50 cycles of quantitative PCR for approximately 12 minutes. Results; We established rapid gene analyses of mutations of IDH1 R132H, pTERT C225T, pTERT C250T and homozygous deletion of CDKN2A for adult-type diffuse gliomas. For elution of DNA, we incubated at least 1mg of tumor tissue at 95°for 5 minutes. Combined this boiling method with GeneSoC, we could obtain those genetic alterations for 20 minutes after collection of tumor tissue. In analyses of 111 adult-type diffuse glioma cases, sensitivity and specificity for detection of IDH1 p.R132H are 98% and 98%, respectively, and those of pTERT (C225T or C250T) are 100% and 100%, respectively. In analyses of 50 cases, sensitivity and specificity for detection of CDKN2A homozygous deletion are 100% and 83%, respectively. Conclusion; In this study, we could obtain the genotype of important molecular markers intra-operatively, not only during tumor removal but even during tumor biopsy, using GeneSoC device. This rapid genetic analysis might be effective not only for intra-operative diagnosis but also for detection of boundary between tumor and normal tissue.
Mechanical Performance of Additively Manufactured ODS 316L and 316H Stainless Steels

Field: Materials Science (Physical Sciences)

This work package within the Advanced Materials and Manufacturing Technologies (AMMT) program focused on the mechanical and microstructural characterization of oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) stainless steels produced using advanced manufacturing techniques. The research aimed to identify an accelerated development path for ODS alloys by integrating additive manufacturing (AM) technologies with recent advancements in ODS materials and traditional manufacturing methods. For FY 24, the research specifically targeted exploring an accelerated development path for ODS alloys by combining AM technologies with these advancements. Novel AM and post-build processing routes were developed for ODS austenitic alloys, including Fe-Cr-Ni alloys such as 316L and 316H. Electron microscopy and mechanical characterizations were conducted to evaluate the impact of process variables on microstructure and properties, with the goal of optimizing these properties economically. Traditionally, producing ODS alloys involves multi-day, high-energy mechanical milling of alloy powder with yttria powder, followed by milled-powder consolidation through extrusion or other methods, and additional thermomechanical processing (TMP) for property control. To overcome the challenges associated with this complex and costly approach, we propose exploring alternative, cost-effective processing routes that emphasize AM and traditional TMP methods. The new processing routes for ODS alloys have achieved significantly higher strengths—several times greater than those of wrought stainless steels—while maintaining substantial ductility and fracture toughness. This report outlines the novel and economical AM-based processing routes for ODS austenitic alloys, combined with post-build TMPs, and discusses the mechanical and microstructural characteristics of the developed materials.
EFL teaching practicums in Vietnam: The vexed partnership between universities and schools

Field: Social Sciences (Social Sciences)

The teaching practicum is an integral part of any pre-service teacher training programme. It is when trainee teachers move from university studies to actual school teaching practice under field supervision. However, the partnership between universities and schools in organising the practicum has been questioned. This paper reports on a study investigating the effectiveness of the teaching practicum for English as a foreign language (EFL) trainee teachers at three universities in Ho Chi Minh City as manifested in the training programme, the practicum arrangements and the mentoring practices. Data were collected by means of interviews with key practicum stakeholders including six university academic staff members, six university mentors, six school mentors and twelve EFL trainee teachers. Documents related to the teaching practicum from the three institu-tions also provided a rich source of qualitative data together with questionnaire data obtained from 141 final-year EFL trainee teachers. Some interesting differences were found in the way the individual universities worked with the host schools although a consistent theme emerged that showed a low level of university-school collaboration in supporting pre-service English language teachers during the practicum. Implications for EFL teacher education and the reinforcement of partnerships between universities and schools in prepar-ing EFL teachers are discussed.